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Full text of "Cassell's Latin dictionary : Latin-English and English-Latin"

0044986 



The following pages are 
damaged in the original: 

63-64, 183-184, 
601-602 



FAMill 
35 NO! 
SALT' 




'JO* DON, PARIS, NEW YORK <b MELBOURNE. ^MCMIV ^ 

/ESTTEMPtE" 

City, utah 84150 



PKEEACE. 



In preparing a Revised Edition of the Latin-English part of this 
Dictionary, the aim 1ms been so to adapt the work that it may 
be suited for the middle forms of public schools. It is above all 
intended to be a Dictionary of Classical Latin, and thus a .large 
number of archaic, or post-Augustan words, have been omitted, 
while nearly all the important articles have been entirely re- 
written, chiefly with the v.ew of introducing a greater number 
of quotations to illustrate constructions and usage. The historic 
and geographical notices have been largely in<£ >sed in mr 
and lessened in size. Etymologies have been added, 
those of an unambitious kind. It is hoped that tl 
changes that have been made in type and classificati 
the work more intelligible, and so more useful. I 
" closely follows and in many points is based on the 
Dictionary of Professor Georges.* 

- AtufBhrlicb.es Latemisch-Deutsches Handworterbuch von Karl Ernst Georges. 
Siebunte Auflage. Leipzig. lfc<0. 



EXPLANATION OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THIS WORK. 



ablat. ablative. 

absol. absolute, absolutely, i.e. without de- 
pendent case or adjunct. 

abstr. abstract. 

accios. accusative. 

act. active. 

adj. adjective. 

adv. adverb. 

al. I. alia lectio or alii legunt (a different 
reading). 

ap. followed by a proper noun, e.g., ap. Cic. 
— iu the works of. 

appellat. appellative (when a proper noun 
is used as a common noun, e.g. when 
Achilles = a brave, handsome man). 

attrib. attribute or attributive. 

a. Aug. ante-Augustan. 

Aug. Augustan. 

c. common. 

conj. conjunction. 

collect, collective. 

compar. comparative. 

concr. concrete. 

conn, connected. 

correl. correlative 

constr. construction. 

contr. contraction or contracted. 

cp. compare. 

dat. dative. 

decl. declension. 

defect, defective. 

demonstr. demonstrative. 

de.p deponent. 

desidtr. desiderative. 

diff. different. 

dim. diminutive. 

dissyll. dissyllable. 

ilistrib. distributive. 

<*?<&. doubtful. 

eccl. eceles, astical 

•A. edition. 

e.g. exemv li gratia (for example). 



ellipt. elliptical, elliptically. 
enclit. enclitic. 
Eng. English. 
esp. especially. 
etc. et cetera. 
eth. dat. ethic dative. 
etijm. etymology. 

evphem. euphemism or euphemistical. 
euphon. euphonic, euphonically. 
ex. exs. example, examples. 
/. feminine. 

Jig. figurative or figure. 
fin. or ad fin. at the end. 
foil, followed by. 
follg. following. 
/■■ f. r,-., 
Fr. French. 

freq. frequently or frequentative. 
fut. future. 

gen. general or generally. 
genit. genitive. 
'geogr. geographical. 
Germ. German. 
Gr. GrcAi. 
gram, grammatical. 
heterocl. heteroclite. 
heterog. heterogeneous. 
ib. ibidem. 
id. idem. 

i.e. id est (that is). 
impcr. imperative. 
iinperf. imperfect. 
impers. impersonal. 
inanim. inanimate. 
inchoat. inchoative, inceptive. 
inded. indeclinable. 
indef. indefinite. 
indie, indicative. 
infin. infinitive. 

init., in, or ad init. at the beginning. 
interns, intensive. 
interrog. interrogative. 






..•tijkj .v 



VJ11 



SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued). 

>■/. pluperfect. 
'. poetical or poetically. 
po'.U. political or politically. 
posit, positive. 

(?. preceding. 
prep, pit-position. 
. present. 

probably. 
pron. pronoun. 
prop, properly, 
prop, proverb or proverbially. 
q.v. quod or quae vide (which see). 
rtJL reflective or reflectively. 
reg. regular or regularly, 
re?, relative. 
rdirj. religious. 

rhct. rhetoric, rhetorical, or rhetorically. 
Rom. Roman. 
Sansc. Sanserif. 

K. scilicet (that is to say, namely). 
script, scriptor (writer). 
sing, singular. 

sq. seqnens (and the following). 
subj. subjunctive. 
subject, subjective or subjectively. 
tnb$L substantive. 
s»ff. snfflx. 
mp. supine. 

'. superlative. 
s. v. sub voce. 
syl syllable. 

synenp. syncope or syncopated. 
synonym, synonymous. 
t.t. technical term. 
trans/, transferred. 
transl. translation or translated. 
trisyll. trisyllable. 
v. verb, vide, or vox. 
voc. vocative. 



intr. Intransitive) 

i.q. idem quod. 

irreg. irregular. 

It. Italian. 

I.at. Latin. 

Iff. literal. 

I. !<.ctio (reading). 

locat. casus locativuu. 

m. masculine. 

WUttkeM. mathematical. 

m*rf. medical or medically. 

met. metaphorically. 

meton. by metonymy. 

mid. middle. 

milif. military. 

. manuscript. 
MSS. manuscripts. 
*. neuter. 
iwuL nautical. 
neg. negative. 
neut. neuter. 
non. nominative, 
num. numeral. 

objective or objectively. 
onomatop. onomatopoeia or onomatopoeic. 
of,), opposite t >. 

ordinal. 
orlg. original or originally. 
T- l»ge. 

p. adj. participial adjective. 
p. £wj. post- Augustan. 
partic. participle. 
partit. partitive. 
put. passive. 
per/. perfect. 

pert, person, personal, or personally. 
jMtotoph. philosophical or philosophy. 
pleoruut. pleonastical or plconastically. 
pl*r. plural. 




LATIN ABBREVIATIONS. 



A. Aulas, Augustus, absolvo, antiquo, annus. 
a.d. Ante diem (in dates). 

A.U.C. Anno urbis conditae, ab urbe con- 
dita. 

B. Bonus or bene. 

B.D. Bona Dea, bonuin datum. 

B.L. Bona lex. 

B.O. Bono online, bona omina. 

B.P. Bono publico, bona possessio. 

B.M. Bene merenti. 

B.V.V. Bene vale, vale ! 

C. Cajus, conjux, condemno. 

C. As num. sign= centum. 
Cal. Calendae. 

Cn. Cnaeus. 
Corn. Cornelius. 

D. Decimus, Divus, detis, dominns, decnrio, 
dies, dabani. 

D.D. Donodedit. 

D.D.D. Dat donat dedieat. 

D.M Diis manibus. 

D.O.M. Deo Optimo niaximo. 

D.P.S. De pecunia sua. 

D.S. De suo. 

D.N. Dominus noster. 

E. Emeritus, evocatus. 

E.M.V. Egregiae memoriae vir. *^*k 

E.P. Equo publico. 
E.Q.R. Eques Romanus. 

F. Filius, fecit, lidelis, felix. 
F.C. Faciendum curavit. 
F.I. Fieri jussit. 

Fl. Fhvius 

Fl. P. Flamen perpetuus. 

G. Ga.jus, Gallica, Geinina. 
G.I. Germania Inferior. 



II. Hie, etc., lmbet, liastata (cohors), heres, 

lionos. 
Har. Haruspex. 
H.C. Hispania citerior. 
Hor. Horatia tribu. 
H.S. Hie situs est. 

U.S. (Mistake for IIS.), sestertius, sester- 
tium. 

H.S.S. Hie siti sunt. 

I. In, infra, ipse. 

l.D. Idus. 

I.H.F.C. Ipsius lieres faciendum curavifc 

Im. Immunis. 

Imp. imperium, imperator. 

K. Kacso. 
Kal. Kalendae. 

L. m Lucius, libra. 

L. As num. sign = 50. 

51. Marcus.' 

M'. Manias. 

M. As num. sign = mille. 

N. Numerius. 
Non. Xonae. 

O. Optimus, omnis. 

P. Pnblius. 
P.C. Patres conscript!. 
P.M. Pontifex Maximus. 
P.R, Populus Romanus. 
P. VIII. Pedum octo. 
Prid. Pridie. 

Q. Quintus, que. 

R. Rnfus, Romanus, recte, regnum, re€d» 



• 



LATIN ABBREVIATIONS (continued) 



B.P. Respubllca. 
It. It. Ratlonea relatae. 

8. Scxtus, Benatue, semlssis. 

S. or Sp. Spin ins. 

S.C. Senatus consultum. 

S P.Q.R. Senatus popnlusqne Romanus. 

T- Titus tribunus. 



Ti. Tiberius. 

Tr. pi. Tribunus plcbis. 

U. UrbS (Roma). 

V. Valeo, vir, vivus, vivens, votum. 

X. = 10, and also in coins denarius. 
X.Y. Decemvir. 
XV. V. Quindecimvir. 



ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF LATIN 
AUTHORS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK. 



App. Lucius Appuleius, philosopher, born 

about 130 B.C. 
Auct. b. Afr. Auctor belli African]". 
Auct. b. Alex. Auctor belli Alexandrini. 
Auct. b. Hisp. Auctor belli Hispani. 

Caes. Caius Julius Caesar, historian, died 

44 B.C. 
Cat. C. Valerius Catullus, poet, born 87 

B.C. 

Cato. M. Porcius Cato, orator and historian, 
j, died 147 b.c. 

Cic. M. Tullius Cicero, orator and philoso- 
pher, died 43 b.c. 
Col. L. Jun. Moderatus Columella, writer 
on husbandry, of the 1st cent. a.d. 

Enn. Q. Ennius, poet, died 1G0 b.c. 
Eutr. Flavins Eutropius, historian of the 
4th cent. a.d. 

Hirt. Aulus Hirtius, historian, died 43 b.c. 
N Hor. Q. Horatius Flaccus, poet, died S b.c. 

Juv. D. Junius Juvenalis, poet of the 1st 
cent. a.d. 

Liv. T. Livius Patavinus, historian, died 

16 B.C. 

Lucan. M. Annaeus Lucanus, poet, died 

G5 A.D. 

Lucr. T. Lucretius Cams, poet, died about 

00 B.C. 

Mart. M. Valerius Martialis, poet of the 1st 
cent. a.d. 

Nop. Cornelius Nepos, writer of biographies 
of the 1st cent. a.d. 

Oy. P. Ovidius Xaso, poet, died 10 a.d. 



Pers. A. Persius Flaccus, satirist, died 

02 a.d. 
Petr. T. Petronius Arbiter, satirist, died 

07 a.d. 
Phaedr. rhaedrus, fabulist of the 1st cent. 

A.D. 

Plant. M. Accius (or T. Maccius) Plautus, 

died 1S4 b.c. 
Plin. C. Plinius Secundus (major), naturalist, 

died 79 a.d. C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus 

(minor), died about 100 a.d. 
Prop. Sex. Aiuciius Propertius, poet, died 

10 B.C. 

'Q. Cic. Quintus Cicero, brother of M. Tul 

lius. 
Quint. M. Fabius Quiutilianus, rhetorician 

of the 1st cent. a.d. 

Sail. C. Crispius Sallustius, died -J 4 B.C. 
Sen. L. Annaeus Seneca, philosopher, died 

05 A.D. 

Stat. P. Papillitis Statius, poet of the 1st 

cent. a.d. 
Suet. C. Suetonius Tranquillus, writer of 

biographies of the 1st and 2nd cent. A-D. 

Tac. C. Cornelius Tacitus, historian, born 

between 50 and 60 a.d. 
Tor. P. Terentius Afer, writer of comedies 

of the 2nd cent. b.c. 
Tib. Albius Tibullus, poet, died IS b.c, 

Varr. M. Terentius Varro, writer on hus- 
bandry, etc., born 82 b.c. 

Veil. P. Velleius Paterculus, historian of 
the 1st cent. a.d. 

Verg. P. Vergiliua Maro, poet, died about 

ID B.C. 

Vitr. Vitruvius Pollio, writer on architec- 
ture, died about 14 B.C. 



TABLE OF THE ROMAN CALENDAR. 



Days 

of the 
Month. 


January! August, 
December — 31 days. 


March, May, July, 
October— 31 days. 


April, June, 
November — 30 


Sept., 
days. 


February— 28 days, 
in leap year. 29. 


1 


Kal. Jan. Aug 


. Dec. 


Kal. Mart. Mai. 
Jul. Oct. 


Kal. Apr. Jun. 
Nov. 


Sept. 


Kal. Febr. 




2 


a.d. (auto diem) iv. 
Hon. (Jan., Aug., 
Dec.) 


a.d. VI. Non. Mart. 
Mai. Jul. Oct. 


a.d. iv. Non. Apr. 
Jun. Sept. Nov. 


a.d. iv. Non. Fel 


ir. 


S 


a.d. in. ,, 


i; 


a.d. v. ,, ,, 


a.d. in. ,, 


J J 


a.d. in. ,, 


:i 


4 


Pridie ,, 


»j 


a.d. iv. „ „ 


Pridie ,, 


JJ 


Tridie ■ ,, 


ii 


5 


Non. Jan. 
Dec. 


Aug. 


a.d. in. ,, ,, 


Non. Apr. 
Sept. Nov. 


Jun. 


Non. Febr. 




6 


a.d. viii. Id. 
Aug. Dec. 


Jan. 


Pridie ,, 


a.d. VIII. Id. Apr 

Sept. Nov. 


.Jun. 


a.d. viii. Id. Fel 


)T. 


7 


a.d. vit. „ 


ii 


Non. Mart. Mni. 
Jul. Oct. 


a.d. vn. ,, 


» 


ad. VII. ,, 


n 


8 


a.d. vi. „ 


ii 


a.d. viii. Id. Mart. 
Mai. Jul. Oct. 


a.d. vi. 


J> 


a.d. VI. „ 


ii 


P 


a.d. v. 


ii 


n.d. vn. „ ,, 


a.d. v. „ 


ii 


a.d. v. „ 


II 


10 


a.d. iv. 


ii 


a.d. vt. „ 


a.d. IV. „ 


II 


a.d. iv. „ 


ii 


11 


a.d. in. ,, 


ii 


a.d. v. „ „ 


a.d. m. ,, 


s» 


a.d. in. ,,. 


:i 


IS 


Pridie ,, 


ii 


a.d. iv. 


Pridie ,, 


)> 


Pridie ., 


II 


13 


Jd. Jan. Aug 


Dec. 


a.d. m. „ „ 


Id. Apr. Jun. 

Nov. 


Sept.. 


Id. Febr 




14 


a.d. xix. Kal, 
. Jan. 


Febr. 


Pridie ,, ,, 


a.d. xviii. Kal. 
Jul. Oct. Dec 


Mai. 


a.d. xvi. Kal. M 


art. 


15 


a.d. XVIII. „ 


n 


Id. Mart. Mai. Jul. 
Oct. 


a.d. xvn. „ 


ii 


a.d. xv. 


:i 


1C 


a.d. xvn. „ 


it 


a.d. xvii. Kal. Apr. 
Jun. Aug. Nov. 


a.d. xvi. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xiv. ,. 


n 


17 


a.d. xvi. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xvi. ,, ,. 


a.d. xv. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xm. ., 


ii 


18 


a.d. xv. ,, 


it 


a.d. xv. ,, ,, 


a.d. xiv. ,, 


n 


a.d. xji. ,, 


ii 


10 


a.d. xiv. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xiv. „ 


a.d. xxii. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xt. ,, 


i» 


20 


a.d. xni. „ 


ii 


a.d. xtii. „ ,, 


a.d. XII. ,, 


ii 


a.d. x. „ 


j) 


21 


a.d. xii. ,, 


ii 


a.d. xii. ,, ,, 


a.d. xi. ,, 


ii 


a.d. ix. „ 


fi 


22 


a.d. xi. „ 


j> 


n.d. xi. ,, „ 


a.d. x. ,, 


ii 


a.d. vn. ,, 


'? 


23 


a.d. x. ,, 


i> 


a.d. x. ,, „ 


n.d. ix. „ 


ii 


a.d. VII. ,, 


!» 


21 


a.d. ix. ,, 


n 


a.d.ix. „ ,, 


a.d. VIII. ,, 


ii 


a.d. VI. ,, 


)» 


25 


a.d. vni. „ 


ii 


a.d. vin. ,, ,, 


a.d. vn. ,, 


ii 


a.d. v. ., 


r> 


M 


a.d. vn. „ 


ii 


a.d. vn. ,, ,, 


a.d. vi. „ 


ii 


a.d. iv. .. 


n 


27 


n.l. vi. 


I. 


n.d. vi. „ ,, 


a.d. v. ,, 


n 


a.d. in. ,, 


a 


28 


a.d. v. 


ii 


a.d. v. „ 


a.d. iv. 


1 1 


Pridie 


II j 


29 


a.d. iv. 


n 


a.d. iv. „ „ 


a.d. III. ,, 


ii 




| 


30 


a.d. ill. ,, 


ii 


a.d, m. ., „ 


Priil ic ,, 


»i 






31 


' Pridie „ 


ii 


Pridie ,, ,, 











SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS PECULIAR TO 
THE ENGLISH-LATIN SECTION. 



I. — (a) Brackets ( ) enclosing the first syllable of a compound verb, de- 
note that both the simple and compound forms of the verb are 
in use, as (de)curri!re. Lack of space, as a rule, has prevented 
the explanation of the difference in shades of meaning between 
the two forms. "Where the student finds this a difficulty, a 
reference to the Latin-English section will at once relieve him. 
An English-Latin Dictionary serves its best purpose when it 
encourages the beginner to consult quotations from Roman 
authors in a good Latin Dictionary. 

(b) Brackets enclosing a single letter ' denote that the word was 

written sometimes with and sometimes without that letter. 
Thus, ez(s)pectare shows that the two forms exspectare and 
exjpectare were both in use. Ths-Jable at the beginning of 
Messrs. Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary has frequently 
been consulted in respect to the spelling of doubtful words. 

(c) Brackets enclosing a whole word denote that the word may be 

inserted or omitted according to the context. Thus for "tide," 
aestus (mar Minus) implies that aestvs maritiwus is the full 
phrase, for which aestus alone may sometimes serve. 

II. — Space has not allowed the insertion of much help in the way of 
declensions and conjugations, but the genitive of nouns in 
the fourth declension is given to distinguish them from those 
of the first. Where such a genitive occurs in a phrase, 
it is given thus, aestus, -u\- t maritimus. In a few other 
instances of doubtful words, genitives are also given. 

III. — * prefixed to a word denotes that it is of modern or very late 
Latin origin, t appended to a word denotes that it is only 
used, in the Classical period, by poets. 



IV.— 



alas = aliquis uhjm ^= aliquem 

alqd = illiquid alqavi — aliquant 

alcjs = alicujus alqo = aliquo 

alei =: alicui alqd = aliqva 



XIV 

Ante and Tost Aug. = used by writers before and after the time 
of Augustus. 

Circumloc. = circumlocution. 

Cla«s. — Classical, i.e. belonging to the best period of Latin literature. 

Com. = used by the comic poets. 

Comb. = in combination. 

Eccl. = used by the ecclesiastical writers. The asterisk (*) is some- 
times used to prevent a repetition of Eccl. after each of the 
derivatives in a single paragraph. 

Gram. = used by the Latin grammarians. 

Inaorip. = found in inscriptions. 

Jet. = used by the Jurisconsults, or lawyers. 

Late ; very late = used by authors after the Classical period. 

M d. Lat. = Latin of the Middle Ages. 

Opp. = in opposition to. 

V. — Abbreviations of the names of authors peculiar to the English-Latin 
section of the Dictionary. 
Ammian. Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 4th cent. a.d. 
Cels. A. Cornelius Celsus. writer on medicine, 1st cent. A.D. 
Curt. Q. Curtius Rufus. historian, probably 1st cent. a.d. 
Linn. Karl von Linr ' :• Linnaeus, modern botanist, l!Hh cent. 
Prise. Priscianus, grammarian. 5th cent. a.d. 
Veget. Flavins Renatus Vcgetius. military writer, 1th cent. A.D. 
VaL Max. Valerius Maximus, compiler of anecdotes, 1st cent. a.d. 



* V 



LATIN-ENGLISH. 






Latin-English dictionary. 



A a, the first letter of the Latin Alphabet. 
a as an abbreviation, see the Table. 

a, ah, interj. Ah ! Verg. 

a, ab, abs, prep, with abl. (a stands be- 
fore consonants except h ; ab before vowels, h, 
and consonants ; abs only before c, q, t). Ab 
denotes motion in any direction from a fixed 
point (opp. ad). I. Lit., in space, A. Of motion, 
1, away from; fuga ab urbe, Cic. ; 2, a, from 
. . . to; ad carceres a calec revocari, Cic. ; ab 
aliqno (esp. a me, a te, a se, a nobis, a vobis), 
from the house of, Cic. With verbs of taking, 
hearing, etc., such as accipio, enio, audio, cog- 
nosco, comperio ; a me, from my purse, Cic. ; of 
dependents or disciples, Zeno et qui ab eo sunt, 
Zeno and his school, Cic; b, down from ; sus- 
pendcre columbam a malo, Verg. ; c, usque ab, 
right away from ; plausus usque ab capitolio ex- 
citatus, Cic. B. 1, of direction, from; a supero 
mari Flaminia (via), ab infero Aurelia, Cic. ; 2, 
on 'the side of; a septentrionibus, on the north, 
Caes. ; afronte, atergo, a latere, a dextro cornu, 
Cic. ; ab novissimis, in the rear, Caes. C. Of 
distance, from; 1, Lit., from a point, with such 
verbs as abesse, distare, and with procul, longe, 
prope ; ab millibus passuum, a thousand paces 
distant, Caes.; 2, Transf., to express difference, 
with such verbs as ditferre, discrepare ; quantum 
mutatus ab illo, Verg. ; 3, of number or position, 
after ; quartus ab Arcesila, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
Of time, 1, with reference to duration, from ; ab 
hora tertia bibebatur, Cic. ; a pueris, from boy- 
hood, Cic. ; 2, with reference to distance of time, 
from; cuius a morte hie tertius et tricesiinus an- 
nus, Cic. B. Of various relations implying the 
notion of starting from a point ; 1, of agency, with 
pass, and intrans. verbs, bi/;reprehendiabaliquo, 
Cic. ; interireabaliquo, Cic. ; 2 f of origin, from, 
of; a, id facinus natum a cupiditate, Cic. ; b, 
of naming, puero ab inopia Egerio inditum no- 
meii, Liv. ; 3, in relation to; imparati quum a 
niilitibus turn a pecunia, Cic. ; 4, from, out of 
(of part of a number) ; nonnulli ab novissimis, 
Caes. ; 5, in relation to the part of the body with 
which a person serves ; servus a pedibus,/oo<ma?i., 
Cic. ; a inarm servus, umanuensis, Suet. 

abactus -a -ran, partic. of abigo. 

abacus -i, m. (d/3af). 1, a counting-board, 
Pers. ; 2, a gaming-board divided into compart- 
ments, Suet. ; 3, a sideboard, Cic. ; 4, in archi- 
tecture, a, mosaic panelling; b, the square slab 
on the top of a column. 

abalienatlo -onis, f. alienation of property, 
Cie. 

aballcno, 1. to separate. A. Lit., 1, to 
separate, Plaut. ; 2, to alienate (property) ; agros 
populi, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to deprive ; abalien- 
ati Jure civiura, Liv. ; 2, to estrange; aliquem 
eb aliquo, Cic. 



abe 

Abas -antis, m. king of Argos, father of 
Acrisius; hence, a, adj., Abanteus -a -urn; 
b, Abantiades -ae, m. a descendant of Abas, 
Acrisius (son of Abas), Perseus (great-grandson of 
Abas). 

abavus -i, m. a great-great-grandfatlier, Cic. ; 
and in general, forefatlter, Cic. 

Abdera -orum, n. plur. ('ApSrjpa, ra). I. a 
town in Tlirace (now Polystilo or Asperosa), birth- 
place of Protagoras and Democritus, noted for the 
stupidity of its inhabitants ; hie Abdera, here 
reigns stupidity, Cic. ; also Abdera -ae, f. 
Oy._ II. a town in Spain (now Adra). Abde- 
rites -ae (abl. -a), m. an inhabitant of Abdera, Cic. 

abdicatio -onis, f. 1, disowning of a son, 
Plin. ; 2, renouncing of an office; dictaturae, Liv. 

1. abdlco, 1. 1, to renounce, disown ; aliquem 
patrein, Liv. ; 2, to abdicate (a magistracy by a 
formal declaration), se non modo consulatu sed 
ctiani nbsrtate, Cic. ; in Sail, and Liv. with 
simple accusative, magistratum, Sail. ; dictatu- 
ram, Liv. ; absol., ut abdicarent consules, Cic. 

2. abdico -dixi -dictum, 3. t. t. of augury, ' 
to refuse assent to, disapprove of (opp. addico) ; 
quum tres partes (vineae) aves abdixissent, Cic. 

abdite, adv. secretly, Cic. 

abditivus -a urn, removed, separated, Plaut. 

abditus -a -um, p. adj. (of abdo), concealed, ' 
secret. I. Lit., vis abdita quaedam, Lucr. II, 
Transf., res abditae et obscurae, Cic. ; neut. 
plur., abdita rerum, deep thoughts, Hor. 

abdo -didi -ditum, S. A. Gen., to put 
away, wWidraw, remove; copias ab eo loco ab- 
ditas, Caes. ; hence, 1, of a weapon, to drive in; 
lateri capulo tenus ensem, Verg. ; 2. reflex., ab- 
dere se in aliquem locum ; to withdraw oneself, 
to retire; in intimam Macedonian!, Cic; in 
bibliothecam; in litteras (or litteris), Cic. B. 
to secrete, to hide ; ferruni veste, Liv. ; se in 
scalarum tenebras, Cic. 

abdomen -Inis, n. the belly, Plaut. ; especi- 
ally as seat of the appetite, gluttony ; manebat 
insaturabile abdomen, Cic. ; natusabdomini suo, 
whose godis his belly, Cic. ; abdominis voluptatos, 
pleasures of appetite, Cic. 

abduco -duxi -ductum, 8. to lead or take 
away. I, A. Lit., 1, aliquem e foro, Cic. ; 2, to 
take away for punishment ; collegam vi Ue foro, 
Liv. ; in lautumias, Cic. ; 3, to elope with ; 
tiliam mimi Isidori, Cic. ; 4, to steal ; maucipia, 
Cic. ; armeuta, Ov. B. Transf., to seduce a p«r- 
son from his allegiance ; equitatum 1 Mabellae ad 
se, Cic. II. In a wider sense, A. to relieve; 
animum a sollicitudiuu, Cic B. to bring down, 
to lower ; artein ad mercedem atque quaestum, 
Cic. - 1 

Abella -ae, f. town in Campania (now AveUo* 
Vtcchia). Adj., AbeUanus -a -ran. 



abe 

ubco -ii -Hum -ire, to go away. I. A. 
Lit, 1, Qen., ex ngria atque urbibus, Cic. ; ab 
turbo, J.iv. ; do Stcilla, Cic; comitlo, Liv.; si 
ubis periturus, if yon go to death, Verg.; hn- 

iier., 1 1, n, pood, very well; non esnvarus, abi, 
I"-. : b, ''•' off with you, so nliiu (for abisno) ; 
«l»i in roalam rem, go to the devil, Plant ; abi 
hinc ram trlbunatibus ac rogationibus tuis, 
J.iv. Of things, abenntia vela, Ov. ; sol abit, 
Plant. ; cornus sub altnm pectus abit, Verg. : 
2, l'sp., ft, to come off (e.g. from a battle); 
Komani semper vletores certaminc abire, Liv. ; 
nemo lion donatus abihit, Verg. ; absol., abit mum 
emu non esse, si accessisset, he could not have 
got off unpunished, Cic.; b, to retire from a 
public office; consulate, Clcj c, of the dying, 
to depart; acl dcos, Cic; ad plures. to "the 
great majority," Petr. ; o vita, Cic. ; d, in auc- 
tions, not to be knocked down to; si res abiret 
a iiT.iiif ipe, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Gen., non longc 
abj you have not far to go (for an example), 

Cic. ; QUOTSUm abeant, on which side will- they 
range themselves ? Hor. ; 2, Esp., of a discus- 
sion, to digress: illuc, nude abii, redeo, Hor. ; quid 
ad istas ineptias abis? Cic. ; otiam tu hinc abis, 
will you also go away? Cic. II. With notion of 
disappearing; 1, of time, to 2wss away ; abiit 
illo annus, Cic. : 2, of discuses, jam abiit posti- 
lentia, Cic ; 3, of other things, to disappear, 
vanish; sensua abit, Cic.; timor, tides abiit, 
Liv. ; 4, of the consequences of an action, non 
po3sc istacc ric abire, be without consequenci ■, 
Cic. IIL With notion of transference from one 
person or thing to another, 1, to go over ; a, to 
a poison, ad sanosabeattutela propinquos, Hor. ; 
b, to a thing, vigor ingenii velocis in alaset pedes 
abiit, Ov.; 2, tochangeintu; sic dcusiu llanmias 
abiit, i »v. 

aboquito, 1, to ride off, Liv. 

aberratio, -finis, f. an escape or relief from 
anything irksome, Cic. 

iiborro, I. to wander, lose one's way. I. 
Lit., pecore, Liv. ; aberrantes ox agmine naves, 

Liv. II. Transf., 1, to deviate from; a proposito, 
1 ''■■ ; 2, to fire oneself from something irksome ; 
a iniseria quasi abcrrare, Cic. 

abhinc, adv. from hence. I. Of space, aufer 
abhinc lacriinas, Lucr. II. Of time, reckoned from 
the present moment backward ; annus ties, tri- 
ennium, annla tribusabh\uc, three years ago, Cic 

abhorrco, 2. I. Lit., to shrink back from, to 
be disinclined to; a puce, Caes. ; aducendauxore, 

Cic. ; with abi. alone, spcctaculorum oblecta- 

. lac ; absol., onincsasperiiabantur, omnes 

abhorrebant, Cic. IL Transf., to be inconsistent 

with or opposed to ; oratio abhorret a persona ho- 

ni.Cic; atide, tohe Incredible, Liv.; 

ab eflectu liand abhorrens, hope capable of 

realised. Liv.; oratlonea abhorrent inter 

He, are inconsistent with one another, Liv. ; w li 

simple abi., neque abhorret vero, Tac. ; with 

bulctam pacataeprofectioniabliorrensmos, 

Liv. Pres. part., ns .-m adjective, unseasonable, 

inappropriate; absmdae atque abhorrentes lacri- 

Liv. 

ablognus -a -urn (abies), made of fir wood 
or deal, t I 

abics -fitls, f. I. the fir-tree (Pinns plcea, 
Linn.), Liv. II. Melon., anything made of<i<<n ,■ 
a letter, because formerly written on wood, Plant. ; 
u ship, Verg. ; o spear, Verg. (Ibletls, abietc, 
tnsyll., \erg.) 

ablgo -egi -actum. 3. (ab and ago). I. Lit., 

A. Ueu., todriv . volncrcs et fera^, Cic. 

B. pp., 1, peens, to steal cattle, Cic. ; 2, partuin 
inedioamentls, to procure abortion, Cic ; 3 
Koran, to divorce, Suet. II. Fig., to banish, 



i abi 

get rid of; pauperiem epulis regum, Hor. Abactl 
oculi, deep-sunk eyes, Stat. 

abitio -onis, f. =abitus(q.v.). 

abito, S. to go away, Plant. 

abitus -us, m. (abeo), 1, a going away, de- 
parture ; post aliituui huius, Cic; 2, place of 
egress (opp. aditus), Verg. 

abjecte, adv. abjectly, in a spiritless and 
cowardly manner, Cic. ; meanly, Tac. 

abj ectlO -onis, f. I. Lit., a throwing away, re- 
jection. II. Transf., animi, despondency, despair, 
Cic. 

abjectus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
supeii. (abjicio) ; 1, of position, low, common; 
familia abjecta atque obscura, Cic ; 2, of 
character, cowardly, mean-spirited; animus, Cic. ; 

3, despicable; contemptus atque abjectus, Cic. ; 

4, without force, prosaic; versus, Cic. ; oratio 
humilis ct abjecta, Cic. 

abjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ab and jacio), to 
throw down, or away. I. Lit., 1, scutum, anna, 
Cic. ; scad pedes alicnius, Cic. ; 2, to throw down 
violently ; aliquem ad tribuual, ad pedes tuos, ad 
terrain virgis ct vcrberibus, Cic ; so in battle, to 
strike to the ground, Verg. II. Transf. , 1, to pro- 
nounce carelessly, to break, off abruptly; versiim, 
Cic. ; ambitus non est abjiciendus, the period 
must not be broken off abruptly, Cic. ; 2, to get 
rid of, to dispose of; pecuniam, Cic. ; 3, to give 

,», to let go; memoriam benenciorum, Cic. ; to 
abandon; Scaurum, Cic; 4, to dash to the 
ground, to deprive of all power; senatus ancto- 
ritatem, Cic ; with reference to character, to 
dishearten; se perculsum atque abjectum esse 
sentit, Cic ; abjecta metu fllia, desponding. Cic. ; 

5, Pig., to throw away ; cogitationes in rem tain 
liumilem, Cic. ; seabjicere, to degrade oneself, Cic 

abjudico, l. (opp. adjudico), as a judge, to 
give sentence against any one; to take an- ■ hy a 
judgment; aliquid ab aliquo, Cic; sibi libeita- 
tern, Cic 

abjungo -junxi -junetum, !i. I. to unhar- 
ness; juvencum, Verg. II, Transf., to estrange, 

detach; abjuncto Labieno, Caes.; so ab hoc 
dicendi genere, to keep from, Cic. 

abjuro, 1. to abjure, deny on oath; pecuniam, 
Cic. ; creditum, Sail. 

ablativus -a -um, ablative. Subst., abla- 
tlviis -i, in. (sc casus), the ablative, the. sixth 
ease of the Latin noun, Quint. 

ablcgatfO -onis, f. I. Gen., a sending away ; 

juveiitutis ad bcllum, Liv. II. Esp., banish- 
ment, = relegatio, Plin. 

ablego, 1. I. Lit., to send away, remove to a 
distance; honestos homines, Cic. ; pueros vena- 
turn, Liv. ; aliquem a penatibus suis, Liv. II. 
Fig., 1, hacc (legatio) a fratris adventu me 
ablegat, prevents me from being present on my 
brother's arrival, Cic. ; 2, niilit. 1. 1., to dislodge. ; 
aliquem, Liv. 

abllgurio, 4. to consume in luxury; patria 
buna, Tor. 

abloco, 1. to let on lease, Suet. 

abludo, 3. Lit, to be out of tune with, hence 
to be unlike; liaec a te non multuin abludit 
imago, Hor. 

abluo -lui -latum, 3. to wash. I. In the sense 
of cleansing, pedes alicnius, cic ; pass., ablui, 
to be washed clean, Cic. II. In the sense of 
removing:, to wash away. A. Lit., macnlas e 
veste, Plin, ; lacriinas, Tac. ; poet., sitis de cor- 
pore. abluitur, is quenched, Lucr. B. Transf., 
omnia perturbatio animi placationeabluatur, Cic. 

ablutfo -Onis, f. a washing away, ablution, 
Plin. 



abn 



y 



abs 



abnego, 1. to deny, refuse; alicui conjugium 
et dotes, Veig. ; nee comiteiu se abnegat, Hor. ; 
absol., abnegat, Verg. 

abnepos -otis, m. great-great-grandson, 
Suet. 

abneptis -is, f. a great-great-granddaughter, 
Suet. 

Abnoba -ae, m. a range of mountains in 
Germany, where the Danube rises. 

abnocto, 1. to stay out all night, Sen. 

abnormis -e (ab and norma), irregidar, un- 
conventional ; abnormis sapiens, one of Nature's 
'philosophers, Hor. 

abnuo -nui -nfiiturus, 3. to refuse by a 
motion of the head or eye, deny; inanu abnuit 
quidqnain opis in se esse, gave a sign with his 
liand that he could not help, Liv. ; regi paceni, 
Sail. ; nemo abnuit a se connnissuni esse fa- 
ein.us, Cic. ; spes abnuit, it does not admit of 
hope, Tib. ; of soldiers, to refuse to fight, Liv. 

abnuto, 1. to deny (by a nod) repeatedly, 
Plaut. 

aboleo -evi -Ituni, 2. to destroy. I. Lit., Pop- 
paeae corpus non igni abolituni, Tae. ; viscera 
undts, to cleanse, Verg. II. Fig., to do away 
with; magistratum, Liv. ; dedecus annis, Verg. ; 
ritus, sacrificandi disciplinani, Liv.' 

abolesco -evi, no sup., 3. to perish; non abo- 
leseet gratia facti, Verg. ; nbuien vetustate abo- 
levit, Liv. 

abolitio -onis, f. a removing, abrogating, 
annulling, abolition; legis, repeal, Suet. ; tribu- 
torum, Tac. ; facti, amnesty, Suet. 

abolla -ae, f. cloak of thick woollen cloth, 
worn by soldiers ; prov., facinus inajoris abol- 
lae, a crime on a larger scale, Juv. 

abomino = abominor (q.v.). 

abominor -atus sum, 1. dep. (ab and omen), 
1, to deprecate an unfavourable omen; aliquid, 
Liv. ; quod abominor, God forbid, Ov. ; 2, to 
hate, detest, abominate (opp. optare), Liv. ; abo- 
minandus, detestable, Liv. ; aboininatus, detested, 
Hor. 

Aborigines -urn, m. ('A/aopiyii-e?), tlw 
Aborigines, an Italian tribe from whom the 
Latins were said to be descended ; hence ori- 
ginal inhabitants of a country (— avioxOoves), 
Plin. 

aborior -ortus sum, 4. dep. (opp. exorior), 
1, of the heavenly bodies, to set, to disappear, 
Varr. ; 2, to perish by untimely birth, Plin. ; 3, 
poet., of the voice, to fail, Lucr. 

aboriscor = aborior (q.v.). 

abortio -onis, f. an untimely birth, mis- 
carriage, Cic. r 

abortivus -a -mu, prematurely born; Sisy- 
plius, Hor. ; ovum, addled. Mart. Subst., abor- 
tivum -i, n. (sc. medicamentum), drug for pro- 
curing abortion, Juv. 

abortus -us, m. a miscarriage, Cic. . 

abrado -rasi -rasum, 3. I. Lit, to scrape 
off, shave; supercilia, Cic. II. Transf., to squeeze 
money out of a person, to extort ; nihil se ab A. 
Caeciiia posse litium terrore abradere, Cic. 

abripio -rlpui -reptum, 3. (ab and l-apio), to 
snatch away, tear off, drag off. I. A. Lit., abripi 
vi fluminis, Caes. B. Transf., Romulum si 
natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, Cic. II. 
A. to rob; non dona tantum sed simulacra hu- 
minum, Tac. B. 1, to drag army; Cappadocem 
de grege venalium, Cic. ; 2, to drag away to 
punishment ; aliquem de convivio in vincula, 
Cic; 3, to take away by force; filios e cow- 
plexu parentura, Cic. 



abrodo -si -sum, 3. to gnaw off, away, J'ers. 

abrogatio -onis, f. an annulling or rep- ax- 
ing ; legis, Cic. 

abrogo, 1. A. 1, to repeal a law wholly, to an- 
nul; legem, Cic. ; huic legi nee abrogari fas est, 
nequo derogari ex hac aliquid licet neque tpta 
abrogari potest, Cic. ; 2, to deprive (a magistrate 
of his oilice) ; si tibi magistratum abrogasset, 
Cic. B. Transf., to take away; fidem, to take 
away a man's credit, Cic. 

abrotdnum -i, n. and abrotonus -i, f. 
(afipoTovuv), southern-wood, an aromatic herb, 
Lucr., Hor. 

abrumpo -rfipi -ruptum, 3. I, to break 
off, loosen, separate. A. Lit., ramos, Ov. ; vincula, 
Liv. B. Transf., se latrocinio Antonii, to break 
away from, Cic. II. to tear off, to separate forci- 
bly, to sever. A. Lit., pontem, Tac. B. Transf., 

I, to violate; fas, Verg. ; 2, to break off prema- 
turely, to destroy; vitam, Verg.; medium ser- 
moiiem, to break off in the middle of a speech, 
Verg. 

abruptio -onis, f. (abrumpo). I. a tear- 
ing aivay ; corrigiae, of a shoe-latchet, Cic. II. 
Transf. , divorce, Cic. 

abruptus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (abrumpo), torn off; hence, I. steep, 
precipitoxts. Subst., abruptum -i, n. a steep as- 
cent or descent; sorbet in abruptum fluctus, 
Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen. only subst, abrup- 
tum -i, n. a precipice, tlie precipice of danger, the 
road to ru&a ; in abruptum tractus, Tac. B. Of 
character, rough; contumacia, Tac. 

absccdo -cessi -cessum, 3. to go away, de- 
part. I. Lit., A. Of persons, a curia, e foro, 
Liv. ; (ia milit. 1. 1, to withdraw, retire; a Capua, 
Liv. ; iinpers., Begio abscessum est, Liv. B. Of 
things, to retire; quantum mare abscedebat, Liv. 

II. Transf., A. of persons, 1, to retire from an 
oitice or employment; 'non militaribus modo 
sed civilibus quoque muneribus, Liv. ; 2, to de- 
sert one; Pallada abscessisse milii, Ov. B. 
Of things, 1, to go away ; somnus ut abscessit, 
Ov. ; 2, to desert; cives caruui urbiuui quae 
regno abscedunt, Liv. 

absccssio -onis, f. (absccdo), a going away, 
a separation, Cic. 
abscessus -us, m. (absccdo), a going away; 

I, of persons, going away (especially in battle), 
withdrawal; Rutulum, Verg.; continuus abs- 
cessus, Tac. ; 2, of inanimate objects, solis, Cic 

abscido -cidi -cisum. 3. (abs and caedo), to 
cut off. I. Lit., funcs, Caes. ; aquam, Liv. ; ca- 
put, Liv. II. A. Transf., to separate; intersaep- 
tis immlmentis hostis pars parti abscisa erat, 
Liv. ; abscisus in duas partes exercitus, Caes. 
B. to take away ; regibus spem auxilii sui, Liv. 

absoindo -scldi -scissum, 3. to tear off, wrencli, 
away. I. Lit., tunicam a pectore, Cic. ; vestem 
hunieris, Verg. ; venas, to open the veins, Tac ; 
poet., abscissa comas, with her hair torn, Verg. 

II. Transf., A. to divide; terras Oceano, Hor. 
B. to separate; inane soldo, Hor. C. to take 
away; reditus dulces, Hor. 

abscisus -a -um, p. adj. (from abscido), cut 
off, hence precipitous ; rapes, Liv. 

absoondite, adv. obscurely, abstrusely, Cic. 

abscondo -condi (-condldi) -conditum (-con- 
sum), 3. I. to conceal ; gludios, Cic. II. A. to 
obscure; galea frontem abseoudit, Juv. ; hence 
pass, of stars, to set, Verg. B. to lose sight i\f; 
Phaeacum arces, Verg. C. to keep out of sight; 
quod quo studiosius ab istis opprilnitur et ab- 
sconditur eo magis. eminet et apparet, Cic. 

absans -eutis (absuni), -up. adj. absent, Oi<*« 



80S 

absentia -ac, f. (absum), absence, Cic 
ab«llio,4. (ab and sallo), to fjiring fort,'- , or 

, I.mr. 
absimilis -e, unlike; non absimili forma, 

absinthium -I, n. (.i^nvtiov), wormwood, 
I 

abslsto -stlti, -stltuin, S. 1, to go away, fol- 
lowed by ab or the abl. alone ; limine, Verg. ; al> 
Bignia, Cars. ; absol., tandem abstitcrnnt, Llv.; 
of tilings, ab orescintillae abststunt, Verg. ; 2, 
(0 dsstei from ; with abl., obaidione, spe, Liv.; 
with iniin., abaiste pioveri, cecut to be moved, 
Verg, ; with gerund, mquendo, from following, 
I.iv. ; accusator abstitit, the accuser withdrew 
(..<■. from his accusation), Tac 

absolute, ailv. jterfectly, completely; vivere 
feliciter, absolute, Cic. 

absdlutio -Onis, f. (absolvo), 1, acquittal; 
majestatis, on the charge of treason, Cic; 2, 
perfection ; virtus quae rationis absolutio deti- 
nitur, Cic. 

absolutdrius -a -urn, relating to acquittal ; 

tabella, the voting-tablet that acquits, Suet. 
Subst., absolutorium -ii, n. (sc. remedinin), 
means of escape from, Plin. 

absolutus a -urn, p. adj. with compar, and 
Buperl. (absolvo). I. perfect, complete; vita, 
II. unfettered, unconditional, absolute; 
causa, Cic. 

absolvo -solvi -solutum, 3. A. Lit., toloosen. 
B. Transf., 1, a, to free ; se a Fannio jttdicio, 
. aliquem regni su9picione, Liv. ; b, to ac- 
quit ; improbitatis, Cic. ; capitis, Nep. ; reos 
culpa, Ov. ; de praevaricatione, Cic. ; 2.. to dis- 
post of in narration, to relate; de Catiltnae con- 
juratione pnucis absolvain, 8all. ; 3, to complete, 
to finish; tectum, Cic; opera, Caes. ; absolve 
benefli :um tuum, Liv. 

absonus -a -um. I, Lit., inharmonious; vox, 
Cic. IX. Transf., disagreeing with, not corre- 
spondent with ; absoni a voce motus, Liv. ; with 
dat., nihil absonum fldei divinae originis fait, 
Liv. 

abaorbco -ill, 2. to swallow, to gulp down. 

I. Lit., placentas, Ilor. ; Occanns vix videtur 

M absorbere potuisse, Cic. II. Transf., 
nunc absorbult aestus gloriae, carried him off, 
Cic. ; tnbunatus absorbet nicam orationem, ab- 
sorbs, engrosses, Cic. 

absque, prep, with abl. without; absque 
argumento, Cic. 

abstomfus -a -um fata and temum = teme- 
tum), out who abstains from intorirating liquors, 
' mious, moderate, Ov., Hor. 

abstcrgco -terel -tenant, 2. to wipe off, to dry 
I. Lit., criiorein, Liv. II. Transf., 
to ranowi someth rttdble; onmes senec- 

tutia rauleaUas, Cic 

absterrco -terrul -terrltum, 2. to frighten 

rive away by fear. I. Lit., hostes 
Liv. ; neminem a congrcssu meo, Cic. 

II. Tranaf. <n frighten from, keep off from; eos 
a tarn detestabili consilio, Liv.; aninios vitiis, 
from vices, Hor. ; aliquem bello, Tac 

absttnens -entls, p. adj. with compar. and 
BTiperl. (absttn-^o), abstinent, continent, temper- 
ate, Cic ; with genlt, pecuniae, Uor. 

abatlncnter, adv. abstinently, continently, 

a ootlnentla -a*, f. I. a&sifn«nce, continence, 
self-denial, temperance; a\m>]., fasting ; abstiu- 
•ntia vltam riuire, Tac. II. uprightness, Cic. ; 
frteiL.ni from avarice, Cic. 



aos 

a :nco -ttniii -tcntum, 1. (aba and teneo), 
to held back, to keep away from. I. Transf., 
maiiiis, Liv.; gen. with a and the abl. or with 
the abl. alone, inilitem a pracda, Liv. : mantis a 
sc, to abstain from suicide, Cic II. Reflex., ab- 
Btinere sc, or simply abstinere; a, with the abl. 
or with ab and the abl., se scelerc, Cic. ; u le- 
mit is violandis, Liv. ; publico, not to go out, 
Tac. ; b, with gettit., irarum, Hor. ; c, with 
ace, llberas tubes, Liv. ; d, with ace. of thing 
and dat. of person, Aeneae Antenorique omne 
jus belli; e, with ne and the snbj., Liv.; f, 
absol., non tamen abstinuit, Verg, 

absto, 1. to stand at a distance, stand aloof, Hor. 

abstr&ho -traxi, -traetnm, 3. I. Lit., to 
drag away ; aliquem de tnatfis coniplexti, Cic; 
naves e porta, Liv. ; aliquem a penetralibus, 
Liv.; liberos in servitutent, Caes. II. Transf., 

A. aliquem ex tanto comitatu cliirissimorum 
virnnt, to exclude, Cic. ; animus a corpore abs- 
tractus, Cic. ; a bono in pravuni, Ball. B. 1, 
to estrange ; copias a Lepido, Cic. ; 2, to restrain ; 
ingressos in castra ab direptione abstrahere non 
poterat, Liv. ; a rebus gerendis senectus abs- 
trahit ; 3, to draw away from ; a bonis, Cic. ; 
se a sollicitudine, Cic. 

abstrudo -trust -trusum, 3. to jmsh away 
from any place, to hide. I. Lit., sc in silvant 
densam. Cic. ; aemina flammae abstrusa in venis 
silicis, Verg. II. Transf., penitua abstrusus 
animl dolor, deep-seated grief, Cic. 

abstrusus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(from abstrudo). A. Lit., concealed, secret, Plin. ; 

B. Transf., 1, abstruse; disputatio abstrusior, 
Cic. ; 2, of character, reserved, Tac. 

absum (abffti, abesse, itfui, affttUms, 5f6r- 

ent, afore, etc., also occur). I. With regard 
to motion, to be away, to be absent. A. Gen., ab 
urbe or ex urbe, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to take no part 
in ; ab hoc concilio, Caes. ; ab his studiis, Cic. ; 
toto bello, Caes. ; 2, not to help; quo plus inter- 
erat, eo plus aberas a nte, the more I needed you, 
the less yon helped me, Cic. ; longe iis patermim 
noiiien populi Romani afuturum, would be of no 
avail, Caes. ; 3, to be wanting ; studiunt semper 
sit, cunctatio absit, Cic. ; semper aves quod 
abest, Liter. ; neqtte corpus neque animus a 
vobis aberit, Sail. ; abest historianostris litteris, 
Cic. II. As regards position, A. Lit., to be 
distant ; ab urbe milia passuum ducenta, Cic ; 
quatridui iter Laodicea, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
to be far from; longe a spe, Cic. ; so the im- 
pcrs. iihrase, tautum abest ut — ut, e.g. tantum 
abest ab eo ut malum sit mors ut verear, so 
far is death from being an evil that I fear, etc, 
Cic. ; so baud multinn, or procul abest, or 
naulum abest, or minimum abest qttin, etc.; 
baud ntultum afttit quin interlicerettir, he was 
nearly killed, Liv. ; 2, to be free from (a. fault) ; 
a culpa, Cic. ; a cupiditate pecuniae, Nep. ; 3, 
to be fur removed (especially in phrases express- 
ing a wish); procul absit gloria vulgi, Tib.; 
nomen ipsum crucis absit non modo a corpore 
civiuni Kontanoruni, etc, Cic. ; 4, to be firmly 
opposed to; a consilio fugiendi, Cic; 5, to be 
inconsistent with ; quod certe abest a tua virtute 
et fide, Cic. 

absumedo -Inis, f. consumption, Plant. 

absumo -sumpsi -sumpttim 3. to take away. 
I. A. to lessen, destroy, consume; res maternas 
atque paternas, Hor. ; absumptis frugunt ali- 
mentis, Liv. B. Of time, to waste; tempus 
dicendo, Cic II. to destroy utterly. A. Of 
things, iiicendium domos ahiumpsit, Liv. B. 
Of living beings, to kill; tnultos pestilentis ab- 
sumpsit, Liv. 

absurde, adv. 1, harshly, discordantly; 



abs i 

canerc, Cic. ; 2, in bad taste; absurde et asrere 
respondere verbis vultuque, Cic. 

absurdus-a-um. I. Lit., tliat which offends 
the ear, unmelodious, harsh; vox, Cic. II, Transf., 
foolish, unreasonable. A. Of tilings, vestrae 
istac absurdae atque abhorrentes lacriinae, Liv. ; 
liaud absurdum est, it is not out of place, Sail. 
B. Of persons, incapable; homo, Cic. ; ingenium 
baud absurdum, Sail. ; absurdus ingenio, Tac. 

AbsyrtUS -i, m. CAi/zvpros), brother of Medea, 
killed by his sister on her flight from Colchis. 

abundans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and 
supcrl. (abundo). I. Lit., of rivers, overflow- 
ing ; amuis abundantissinms, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. abundant, rich; with abl., locus foutibus 
abundans, Cic. ; with genit., lactis, Verg. B. 
1, abounding in (thoughts, devices, etc.); abun- 
dantior consilio, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, over- 
loaded; non erat abundans, non inops tanien 
oratio, Cic. C. numerous; abundante niultitu- 
dinc freti, Liv. ; abundantes voluptates, Liv. 

abundanter, adv. 1, abundantly; abun- 
dantius occurrere, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, copi- 
ously ; loqui, Cic. 

abundantia -ae, f. 1, abundance, richness, 
plenty; onjnium reruni quas natura desiderat, 
Cic. ; voluptaturn, Cic. ; 2, riches, wealth, Tac. 

abunde, adv. copiously, excessively, extrava- 
gantly ; promittere, Lucr. ; satisfacere, Cic.;, 
with adj., abunde magnus, Sail. ; tibi abunde 
est, you are more than satisfied, Pliu. ; abunde 
libcrtatem ratus, thinking liberty more than 
enough, Sail. Subst. with genit., terroruni ac 
fraudis abunde est, Vcrg. 

abundo, 1. 'to overflow. I. Lit., flumina, 
Lucr. ; abundat aqua, Liv. II. Transf., A. to 
grow in abundance; de terris abundant her- 
baium genera, Lucr. B. to abound; porco, Cic. ; 
ingenio et doctrina, Cic; absol. , to be rich; 
quum ex reliquis vel abuudare debeam, cogor 
niutuari, Cic. 

abusio -onis, f. (abutor), in rhetoric, a 
false use of words, Cic. 

abusque, prep, with abl. = usque ab, from; 

1, as regards position, Oceano abusque, Tac. ; 

2, as regards time, Tiberio abusque, Tac. 
abusus -us, in. (abutor), using up, wasting, 

Cic. 

abutor -usus sum, 3. dep., with abl. I. to 
use; nisi omni tempore, quod mihi lege con- 
ccssum est, abusus ero, Cic. II. to make full 
use of, to use fully. A. In a good sense, sagaci- 
tato canum ad utilitatem nostram, Cic. B. In a 
bad sense, to waste; militum sanguine, Cic; 
insoleuter et iiuiuodice indulgentia populi 
Romaili, Liv. C. to use a word wrongly ; verbo, 
Cic. 

Abydus (Abydos) -i, f. and Abydum -i, n. 

(~A£u6os). I. a town in Asia Minor, on the 
Hellespont (modern Aidos or Avido). II. a town 
in Egypt. Adj., Abydenus -a -urn ; juvenis 
or absol., Leandcr, Ov. ; plur., Abyderii -orum, 
the inhabitants of Abydos, Liv. 

Abyla -ae, f. ('A/3u'A.j)), a mountain on the 
African side of the Straits of Gibraltar, forming 
one of the so-called Pillars of Hercules (now Sierra 
Zimiera). 

ac, v. atquc. 

Accidentia -ae, f. OAicaimteia), the Academy, 
a grove near Athens where Plato taught ; hence, 
mcton., the Academic school of philosophy, Cic. ; 
henco, too, u gymnasium on Cicero's estate at 
Tvsculum, called after the Athenian Academy. 

Acadcmicu« -a -urii ('AKa%*«c<w). I. fec- 
lenfinn 'o Wte 4oad.emy at Athens; philosophi, 



acc 

Cic. ; hence plur. subst., AcSdemici -orum, 
in. the Academic philosophers. II. belonging to 
Cicero's gymnasium, called the Academy; hence 
plur. subst., Academica -orum, n. a treatise 
of Cicero on the Academic philosophy. 

Acadcmus -i, in. ( AxdSijiuo?), a Greek hero, 
after whom the Academia was named. 

acalanthis -idis, f. (aica\av0is) =acanthis, 
q.v. 

Acamas -antis, Hi. f Aica^a?), 1, son of Theseus 
and Phaedra, Verg. ; 2, promontory in Cyprus, 
Plin. 

acanthis -Wis, f. (aKav8is), a small dark 
green bird, the thistle-finch, Plin. 

1. acanthus -i, m. (aK<u>0os), 1, bear's foot, a 
plant, Verg. ; 2, a thorny evergreen Egypfw.it 
tree, Verg. 

2. Acanthus -i, f. CKk<xv6os), a town in the 

Macedonian pieninsula — Chalcidice. 

acapnos -3n (a<can-vot), without smoke ; ligna, 
burning without smoke, Mart. 

Acarnanes -urn, m, (AKapvaves), Acarna- 
nians; Acaiiinnuin amuis, the Achelous, Ov. ; 
sing., Acarnan^-anis, an Acarnanian, Verg.; 
hence Acarnania -ae, Acarnania, a country on 
the west of Greece, between Epirus and Aetolia. 
Adj., Acarnamcus -a -um. 

AcastUS -i, hi. ("A/caoros). I. son of the 
Thessalian king Pelias, father of Laodamia, 
brother of Alcesiis. II. a slave of Ciytro. 

Acca Larentia, a Roman goddess of the 
fields, according to the legend, the wife of the 
herdsman Faustulus, and the nurse of Romulus 
and Remus. Larcntalia or Accalia -iuin, u. 
her .festival at Rome in December. 

accedo -cessi -cessum, 3. (ad and cedo), to 
approach, to come near. I, Lit., A. Gen., 1, of 
persons, with the accusative and ad; ad urbem, 
Cic. ; alicui ad aurem et dicere, to approach 
any one to whisper, Cic ; with in, in aedes, 
Cic. ; in funus, to join the funeral procession, 
Cic. ; with simple accusative, scopulos, Verg. ; 
Jugurthain, Sail. ; absol., to approach, Cic; 2, 
of lifeless subjects, febris accedit, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, to come as a suppliant; senatus sup- 
plex accedit ad Caesarem, Cic. ; quo accedain 
aut quos appellem, Sail. ; 2, to come as an 
enemy ; usque ad eastra, Caes. ; with simple 
acc, loca hostiliter, Sail. ; 3, to come to an auc- 
tion to bid ; ad illud scelus sectionis, Cic. ; ad 
hastam, Liv. ; 4, to approach the city (Rome) as 
a candidate for a triumph ; ad urbem, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., 1, of persons, ad amicitiam 
Philippi, Nep. ; sea propius accedam, de his 
nostris testibus dicam, Cic. ; 2, of lifeless sub- 
jects, accedit nianus extrema operibus, Cic. ; 
fervor accedit capiti, the wine mounts to his 
head, Hor. B. Esp., 1, of time, to approach ; 
quo propius ad mortem accedam, Cic ; 2, to 
enter upon some ujork; ad rem publicam, to be- 
gin public life, Cic. ; ad vectigalia, to engage in 
the collection of the taxes, Cic; 3, to assent to; 
ad conditioues, Cic. ; 4, to fee added, to in- 
crease; ad eas (naves) captivae Massilieusiiun 
accesscrunt sex, Caes. ; quo plus aetatis eiacced> 
cret, the older he became, Cic. ; iis tan turn iidu- 
ciac accessit ut, etc, Caes. ; hence the phrases, 
hue accedit, eo accedit, hue accedit suimnus 
tiiuor, Cic. ; often followed by ut and quod, 
with the meaning of simply moreover; 5, to 
fall to one's share, to come to one; num tibi still- 
titia accessit, Plant. ; alicui animus accedit, Cic. ; 
6, to approach, to become like; propius ad deos, 
Cic. 

accelero, 1. I. Trans., to quicken, to acceler. 
ate; iter, Caes. ; consulatunj alicui, Tac IX 



ace 



8 



ace 



Intrans., to hasten; si accclcrare volent, Cic. ; 
accclera, signifer, Liv. „ 

accendo -ccudi -censum 3. (ad ami * cando, 
c.visat. of candeo), to kindle, to set on fin-. I. 
A. Lit., facos, Cic. ; tus, Liv. B. Met., to 
lighten up; lima radiis solis accensa, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., to kindle as a light; virtutuin 
quasi scintillulao e onions accendi philosophi 
ralio debet, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to inflame; plebia 
aninuini. Sill. ; aniinos l>cllo, to excite to war, 
Von?. ; ira accensus, Liv.; 2, to provokt; spcin 
invidiam, Liv.; stndia Numidarnm in Jugurtham 
nccenaa, the enthusiasm of the N. for J.), Sail. ; 
3, t<> increase ; quum co magis vis venti accensa 
asset, Liv. 

Uccenseo -censum, 2. to reckon in addition; 
occcuseor illi, / am his comrade, Ov. 

1. accensus -a -tun, part, of accensco. I. 
Generally used in plural, accenai -orum, lit. 
those numbered with ; originally, the fifth class of 

n citizens, who in battle stood in the last 
ranks,' and were also employed in constructing 

imblic roads, hence the supernumeraries, Liv. 
I. accensus -i, m. a subordinate public officer 
(in the service of the decemviri, consuls, and 
praetors), Cic. 

2. accensus -a -nm, partlc. of accendo. 
acceptlo -r.iiis, f. a reception, acceptance, 

Cic. ; trumentl, receipt, Sail. 

accepto, 1. (intens. of accipio), tn receive, 
Tlaut. 

acceptor -oris, m. one who approves, Plant. 
acccptrix -icis, f. she who receives, Plaut. 

accoptus -a -urn. p. adj. with coinpar. and 
Superl. (from accipio), welcome, pleasant, agree- 
able ; 1, of persons, with the dat., qui maxime 
plebi accept us erat, Caes. ; 2, of things, nihil 
est deo acceptius quam, etc., Cic 

aocerso = arocsso (q.v.). 

acoessio -onis, f. (accedo),a going or coming to. 
J. LH., suis accessionibus, by the audiences which 
he gave, Cic. II. Transf;, A. increase; dignitatis, 
Cic. ; pecuniae, Ncp. B. addition, appendage ; 
■ accessionem adjunxit aedibus, Cic. ; minima ae- 
cessio semper Epirus regno Macedoniae fuit, 
Liv. C. addition to a tax ; decumae, Cic. 

acccssus -us, in. (aceedo),an approach to. I. 
Lit., A. ad urbem nocturn'us, Cic. ; acccssus 
stellarum ct reccssns, Cic. ; accessus et rccessus 
ac'gtnum, ebb ami flow, Cic. B. admittance to a 
person; dare alicui accessuin, Ov. C. means 
of approach, entrance ; oinncm acccssum lus- 
trare, Vcrg. II. Transf., ad res salutares, in- 
clination to, Cic. ; ad causam, leading up to a 
subject, Cic. 

1. accido -cidi -cisum, 3. (ad and caedo), 1, 
Lit, to hew or luickat; aut ab radicibus subruere 
aut acciderc arbores, Cars. ; 2, Transf, to 
weaken, ruin; Latinorum etsi pariter accisae 
copiae sint, Liv. ; res accisae, Cic. 

2. accido -cidi, no sup. 3. (ad and cado), to 
f"'l down, to full to. L Lit., A. Gen., ad terrain, 
Plaut. B. Esp., 1, of missiles, tela ab omiii 
parte accidebant, Liv. ; 2, to fall at the feet of, 
to ask assistance; ad pedes omnium, Cic. ; 3, to 
come to the ear* or notice of; vox aceidit ad 
hostes, Liv. II. Transf., A. to happen (gener- 
ally of misfortunes, opposed to evenio) ; si quid 
tdversi accldlsset, Caes.; iinpers., 1, aceidit, 
followed by ut, ca.su aceidit ut id priinua imn- 
tiaret, Cic. ; by quod, aceidit perincommode 
(rood eum nosqnam vidisti, Cic. ; by infinitive, 
nee accident mihi opus esse, Cic. ; 2, si quid 
alicui accid.at, if anything liappcns, i.e. if lie 
dies, Cic. B, to fall out; ut omnia contra opini- 
onetn apcjderent, Caca, --« 



accico, 2. obs. form of accio (q.v.). 

accingo -cinxi -cinctum 3. I. Lit., to gird to 
or on ; ensem lateri, Vcrg. ; miles non accinctus, 
u narmed, Tac. XI. Transf., to equip,toarm; reflex., 
sc accingere, and pass, accingi ; a, to arm one's 
self; studio popularinm accinctus, Tac. ; magi- 
casaccingier artes, Vcrg.; b, to make one's self 
ready i accingi ad consulatum, to strive for the 
consulship, Liv. ; accingunt opcri = se accin- 
gunt, Vcrg. (Infill, pass., accingier, Vcrg.) 

accio -ivi (-ii)-itum, 4. to call to, summon, fetch ; 
haruspices ex Etruria, Cic. ; aliquem in ndop- 
tionem, Tac. ; with double ace, aliquem doctor- 
cm filio, Cic. 

accipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ad and capio). 
I. to take, receive. A. Gen., 1, accipere pecu- 
niain, Cic. ; 2, of business transactions, aliquid 
(alicui) acceptuin referre, to enter on the credit 
side of an account book, Cic. ; hence subst., ac- 
ceptum -i, what is received; codex accepti et ex- 
pensi, an account book, Cic. ; 3, where the thing 
received is a person, cujus abavi nirmibus esset 
accepts (Mater Idaea), Cic. ; 4, to receive in or 
on a part of the body ; alvus onine quod accepit 
cogit atque confundit, Cic. ; aliquem greniio, 
Verg. ; 5, to receive in a friendly manner; a, 
Itomanos in arcein, Liv. ; in amicitiam, Cic. ; in 
deditionem, Caes. ; b, of places, pavidos Sam- 
nitcs castra sua accepere, Liv. ; c, to receive as 
agucst; hospitio, Cic. ; B,totreat, a, in a friendly 
way ; aliquem leniter clementerqne, Cic. ; b, in 
a hostile way ; aliquem verberibus ad necem, 
Cic. ; 7, With reference to the senses, to hear ; 
orationein, Cie. ; pronis auribus accipi, to be 
willingly listened to, Tac. ; of the understanding, 
to grasp ; quae parum accepi, Cic. ; of the judg- 
mcut, to take; aliquid in bonuni partem, to take 
in good part, Cic. ; verisimilia pro veris, Liv. ; 
with double ace, bencficium contuineliam, to 
take a kindness for an insult, Cic. B. to accept, 
not to reject ; pacem, Liv. ; omen, Cic. ; legem, 
Cic. II. In a wider sense, to get, receive, obtain ; 
1, lucrum, Cic; adulterinos nummos pro bonis, 
Cic; 2, to feel ; dolorem, Cic; 3, to hear; 
multa auribus accepisse, multn vidisse, Cic. ; ut 
accepi a senibus, Cic. ; 4, to learn; primes aries 
ab iisdem magistris, Ov. ; usuin ac disciplinam 
ab aliquo, Caes. 

accipiter -tris, in. I. Lit., a hawk, Cic. II, 
Transf., pecuniae, an avaricious person, Plaut. 

accitus -us, m. a summons, Cic. 

Accius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous member of which was Accius, a 
celebrated, dramatic poet (born A.C. 170). Adj., 
Acclaims -a -um, of Accius ; versus, Cic. 

acclamatio -onis, f. a loud cry ; 1, an out- 
cry against; non modo ut acclamationa sed ut 
convicid et maledictis impediretur, Cic. ; 2, a 
cry if approbation, Liv., Cic 

acclamo, 1. (ad and clamo), 1, to cry out 
at (in derision or disapproval); alicui, Cic. ; popu- 
lus cum risu acclamavit ipsa esse, Cic. ; 2, to 
cry out in approval ; oinnes acclamarunt gratias 
so inter cetera etiam ob hoc agere, quod, etc., 
Liv. ; 3, with ace. of person, to name by ac- 
clamation; aliquem servatorem liberatoremque, 
Liv. ; si liocentem acclamaverant, Tac 

acclaro, 1. to make clear, to reveal (of omens), 
Liv. ; uti tu signa nobis certa acclarassis (foz 
acclaravcris), Liv. 

acclinis -e. I. Lit., leaning on anything; 
trunco arboris, Verg.- II. Transf., inclined to; 
acclinis falsis animus, Hor. 

acclino, 1. (ad and * clino). I. Lit., to lean on 
anything; se in ilium, Ov. ; castra tumuli sunt 
acclinata, Liv. II. Transf., to incline to ; baud 
gravate so appUnatnros ad cau.saiii seflatus, J4y, 



ace 



ace 



acclivis -e (ad and clivus), gently inclined 
upwards; pars viae, Cic. ; collis leniter ab in- 
fimo acclivis, Caes. 

acclivitas -atis, f. acclivity, gentle inclina- 
tion upwards, Caes. 

accllvus -a -um, v. acclivis. 

accola -ae, m. (ad and colo), one who lives 
near, a neighbour; Oceaui, Liv. ; Cereris, near 
the temple of Ceres, Cic. ; as adj., pastor accola 
ejus loci, dwelling near that place, Liv. ; accolae 
fluvii, neighbouring rivers, Tac. 

accdlo -colui -cnltum, 3. to livenear; locum, 
Cic. ; gentes quae Macedoniain acoolunt, Liv. 

accommodate, adv. agreeably to ; ad veri- 
tatem, Cic. 

accommodatlo -onis, f. 1, a proportion, or 
adjusting of one thing to another; verborum et 
sententiarum ad inventionera ace, Cic. ; 2, 
courtcousness, complaisance ; ex liberalitate atque 
accommodatione magistratuum, Cic. 

accommodatUS -a -um, p. adj. with corn- 
par, and superl. (from accommodo), adapted, 
suitable to; 1, of things, with ad and the ace, 
puppes ad magnitudinera fluctuum tempesta- 
tenique accommodatae, Caes. ; with dak, oratio 
hominum sensibus ac mentibus accominodata, 
Cic. ; 2, of persons, with ad and the ace, homo 
ad Verris ilagitia libidincsque accominodatus, 
Cic. ; with dat., servus vilissimus nee ouiquam 
serio ministerio accominodatus, Tac. 

accommodo, 1. (ad and cominodo), to 
fit, put on. I. Lit., insignia, Caes. ; coronam 
sibi ad caput, Cic. ; lateri ensem, Verg. II. 
Transf., to make suitable, to adjust; testes ad 
crimen, Cic. ; orationem auribus auditorum, 
Cic. ; in omnem eventum consilia, Liv. ; se 
accominodarc or accommodari, to adapt one- 
self; ad voluntatcin alicuius et arbitrium et 
nutuni totum se fiugere et accommodare, Cic. 

accommodus -a -um, fit, adapted to, Verg. 

accredo -didi -dituin, 3. (ad and credo), to 
believe, give credence to; alicui, Ilor. ; absol., 
vix accrcdcns, Cic. 

accresco -crevi -cretuin, 3. (ad and crcsco), 
to grow, to increase. I, Lit., Hitmen subito 
accrcvit, Cic. II. Transf., quum dictis factisquo 
omnibus ad faciendum instructis varia accres- 
ceret fides, Liv. ; trimetris accrcscere jussit no- 
men iambeis, ordered to be joined to, Hor. 

accretio -onis, f. (accresco), increase; lu- 
minis, Cic. 

accubitio (accubatio) -5uis, f. the act of re- 
clining at table, Cic. 

accubitus -us, m. = accubitio (q.v.). 

acciibo, 1. (ad and cubo), to lie by the 
side of. I. Gen., humi, Liv.; of wine, Sul- 
piciis horreis, Hor. II. Esp., to recline at 
table ; in convivio, Cic. ; cum aliquo, next to, 
Plaut. ; apud aliquem, at the house of (as a 
guest), Cic. ; accuba, take your place, Plaut. 

accudo, 3. to hammer together, Plaut. 

accumbo -ciibui -eubituin, 3. (ad mid 
*cumbo), to lie down; 1, in via, Plaut. ; 2, es- 
pecially used of the Romans at the dinner table, 
where each person lay upon a sofa, supported on 
his left elbow ; in sinualicujus, to sit next to any 
one at table, Liv. ; cum aliquo, next to, Mart. ; apud 
aliquem, at the house of (as a guest), Cic. 

accumulate, adv. abundantly, copiously, 
Cic. 

accumulator -Oris, m. one who 7if«ps to- 
gether ; opum, Tac. 

accumiilo, 1. (ad and cumulo), to heap up, 
to accumulate, J, Lit., auget, addit, acciwmlat, 



Cic. II. Transf., 1, to heap on a person, give 
in abundance ; alienas res, Liv. ; alicui summum 
honorem, Ov. ; 2, to overwlielm; animam nepotis 
his donis, Verg. ; 3, to increase ; caedeic caede, 
Lucr. ; curas, Ov. . 

accurate, adv. carefully, exactly, accurately; 
aliquid studiose accurateque faccre, Cic. ; per- 
scribere, Cic. ; aedificare, Caes. 

accuratio -onis, f. accuracy, carefulness, 
Cic. 

accuratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from accuro), careful, exact, accurate; 
oratio, Cic. ; accuratiorem delectum habere, 
Liv. ; accuratissima diligentia, Cic. 

accuro, 1. (ad and euro), to take care of, to 
prepare with care; victum et cultum, Cic. 

accurro -curri and -cucurri -cursum, 3. (ad 
and curro), to run to, to run up, to hasten up ; 
ad praetorcm, Cic. ; equo admisso ad aliquem, 
Caes.; of things, to occur; istae imagines ita 
nobis dicto audientes sunt, ut, simulatque veli- 
mus, accurrant, Cic. 

accursus -us, m. a running to, concourse, 
Tac. 
accusabilis -e, blameworthy, Cic. 

accusatio -onis, f. I. an accusation ; accu- 
sationem factitare, Cic. ; coinparare atque con- 
stituere, to prepare with evidence, Cic. ; plur., 
acres accusationes, Cie II. Met., the indict- 
ment ; accusationisquinque libri, of the orations 
against Verres, Cic. 

accusator -oris, m. 1, an accuser (strictly 
only in regard to state offences, while petitor is 
a plaintiff in a private suit) ; petitoris personam 
cupere, accusatoris deponere, Cic. ; 2, an in- 
former, Juv. 

accusatorio, adv. after the manner of an 
aixuscr ; loqui, Cic. 

accusatorius -a -um, pertaining to an ac- 
cuser ; lex, Cic. 

accusatrix -icis, f. a female accuser, Plaut. 

accusito, 1. (frcq. of accuso), to accuse 
frequently, Plaut. 

accuso, 1. (ad and causa), to accuse (gener- 
ally in public eases) ; 1, aliquem ad populum(of 
the tribunes), Liv. ; a, with genit., of the offence, 
aliquem ambitus, Cic. ; b, with abb, de veneficiis, 
Cic. ; c, with propter, propter injurias, Cic. ; d, 
with inter, inter sicarios, of assassination, Cic. ; 
e, with genit., of the punishment, capitis, on a 
capital charge, Cic. ; 2, to blame, find fault with ; 
aliquem aspere et acerbe in senatu, Cie ; fol- 
lowed by quod and the subj., and by cur with 
the subj., Cic. 

1. acer -6ris, n. t/ie maple tree, Ov. 

2. acer -cris -ere (from root AC, as acuo, 
acies, etc.), sharp, cutting. I. Lit., of sharp 
tools, hastas acri ferro, Tac. II. Transf., A. Of 
the senses ; 1, of taste, biting; rapula, Hor. ; 
2, of touch, sharp; dolor corporis cujus 
niorsus est aeerrimus, Cic. ; 3, of hearing, 
shrill ; vox, Lucr. ; flauiinae sonitus, crackling, 
Verg. ; 4, of smell, penetrating; unguenta sum- 
mc ot acerriiua suavitate condita, Cic. ; 5, of 
sight, keen; aeerrimus sensus videndi, Cic. B. 
Relating to the feelings ; 1, of emotions, pain- 
ful; cura, Lucr. ; 2, of the understanding, 
vigorous; judicium ucrius ct ccrtius, Cie; 3, 
of the character, a. energetic; homo ad perdisc- 
endum aeerrimus, Cic. ; in ferro, brave in fight, 
Cie; b, passionate; acerrima uxor, Plaut.; 
so of the passions themselves, amor gloriao, 
Cic. ; c, hence of abstractions, supplicium, 
Cic. Subst., acre -is, n. acrimony, severity 
(opp. to ridicuhim), Hor. ■ - 



ace 

acerbe, adv. L bitterly, harshly ; accusare, 
Cic ; acerbius invchl In aliquem, Cic ; acer- 
bissimedicere, Caes. II. with difficulty or pain, 
aliquid fcrrc, Cic. 

acerbitas -Stis, f. I. Lit., bitterness of hut e, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, harshness; moruni, Cic. ; 2, 
painful ness ; temporis Sullani, Cic. ; in plur., 
calamities, Cic. 

acerbo, I. to make bilter, to aggravate or 
heighten; crimen, Verg. 

hcerbus -a-um. I. A. Lit., l,bitterintaete, 
sour, used- especially of unripe fruit ; hence = 
raw, unripe, immature; uva, Phaedr. ; partus, 
premature, Ov. B. Transf., 1, of the voice, 
harsh; stridor, Plin. ; acerba sonans, Verg. ; 2, 
of the touch, rough; frigus, Hor. ; 3, of the look, 
dark, gloomy ; vultus acerbi, Ov. ; acerba tuens, 
with angry look, Verg. II. Fig., A. Of persons, 
morose; acerbos e Zenonis schola exire (of the 
Stoics), Cic. B. Of things, 1, painful, severe, 
harsh; acerbissima tribute, Cic. ; 2, of speech 
or writing, bitter ; minaces et acerbae litterae, 
Cic. ; 3, of events, painful; incendium, Cic. 

acernus -a -um(l. acer), made of maple wood, 
Verg., Hor. 

acerra -ae, f. a casket for keeping incense, 
Cic. 

Acorrae -aruin, f. town in Campania, on 
the river Clanius (now Acerra). 

accrsecomes -ac, m. (i^po-eKo/xi^), having 
unsliorn hair, Juv. 

acervalis -e, Vwt which is heaped up = 
o-upciT>)5, an argument by accumulation, Cic. 

acervatim, adv. I. Lit., in heaps, Lucr. 
II. Transf., dicere, to sum up, to speak compre- 
hensively, Cic. ; multa acervatim frequentans, 
crowding together a number of thoughts, Cic. 

acervo, 1. to heap vp; promiscue acervati 
cumuli homimuu, Liv. 

acervus -i, m. (connected with oyeipw), a 
heap. I. Lit., tritici, Cic; insepulti acervi 
civiuin, Cic. It, Transf., A. ft multitude; facin- 
orum, Cic. B. Logical term, argument by ac- 
cumulation, Cic. 

acesco acfii, 3. (aceo), to grow sour, Hor. 

Acesta -ae, f. ('Axe'cri)), an old town in the 
north of Sicily, also called Egesta and Segcsta 
Castel a Mare di Golfo) ; hence Acest- 
onscs -Ium, inhabitants of Acesta. 

Acestcs -ae, in. king in Sicily, of Trojan 
descent. 

acetum -i, n. (aceo). I. Lit., vinegar, Cic. 
II. Transf., acutcness, wit; Italo perfusus aceto, 

Hor. 

Acbael -dram, ID. (A\aioC). I. the Achaeans, 
inhabitants of the Greek country of Achaia, Liv. ; 
also, a, tlie Greeks in general, Plin. ; b, the in- 
habitants of the Roman province of Aclwia, Cic. ; 
Q. inhabitants of a Greek colony on the Euxine, Ov. 
II. Hence, 1, Achaeus -a -urn, a, belonging 
to the Greek country of Achaia, Lucr. ; b, Greek, 
belonging to Vie Roman province of Achaia, Cic; 
2, Achaia -ae, f. (Axaia), or Achaja -ae, f. 
a, the Greek country of Achaia, in the north of 
the Peloponnese, Ov. ; b, after 140 B.C., the 
Roman province of Achaia (including the whole 
of Greece except Thessaly), Cic. ; 3, Achaias 
-Ad is, f. a Greek woman, Ov. ; 4, Achaicus 
-a-um, Greek. Cic, 5, Achais -Idos, an Achaean 
, Dv. ; poet. = Greece, Ov. ; 6, Achaius 
-a -uin, Greek, Verg. ; 7 Achivi -Oram, m. the 
Homeric Greeks (genit, plur., Achivom and Achi- 
vum). Adj., Achivus a -um, Greek, Ov. 

Achaemenes -is, m. fAxou^'cr)?), graml- 
f'Mher of Cyrus, and founder of the Persian line 



8 aci 



of the Achaemenidae. Hence adj., Achae- 
menins -a -um, Persian, Ov. 

Acharnaa -orum, f. ('A^npcoi), a town in 
Attica. Hence adj., Acharnanus -a -um, bom 
at Acharnae. 

Achates -ae, m. (Axdrt]<;), 1, river in Sicily; 
2, friend of Aeneas. 

Acheldus -i, in. ('Ax f *a ,o 0. a river between 
Acarnaniaavd Actolia; hence, A. Achelolas 
-Ad is, f. daughter Jiftht. river-god Achclous, Par- 
thenope, Ov. B. AcheloiUS ■a'-nm, belonging 
to the river-god Achclous, Ov. C. Acheloides 
-vim, f. the Sirens, Ov. 

Acheron -ontis, in. ('Axe'pw>')i 1, a river in 
Thcsprotia, flowing through the swamp Ache- 
rusia (now Gurla, or river ofSuli); 2, ft river in 
ISrultii '.(now Mucone or Lese); 3, Mythol., river 
in the lower world, hence the lower world, itself; 
Acheronta niovebo, Verg. ; fugere Acheronta, to 
become immortal, Hor. 

Acherontia -ae, f. « small town in Apulia, 
Hor. 

Acheruns -untis, m. and f. Latin form of 
Acheron, the lower world. Hence adj., Ache- 
rusius -a -um. Subst., Acherusia -ae, f. a, 
a swamp in Thesprotia ; b, ft lake in Campania ; 
c, « cavern in Bitiiynia. 

Achilles -is, m. ('AxtAAeu's), and Achillous 
-6i, in. ft Greek hero, son of Peleus and Thetis; 
appell., ft brave handsome man, a hero, Verg. ; 
hence, L, Achilleus-a-um, relating to Achilles ; 
2 ? Achillides -ae, in. CAxi\x*l&ri$), a descendant 
of Achilles. 

Achivus -a -um = Achaeus (q.v.). 

Achradina -ae, f. CAxpaSivij), the most im- 
portant part of the city of Syracuse, Cic. 

Acidalia -ae, f. ('A<i&a\ia). a surname of 
Venus, from the fountain Acidalia in Boeotia, 
where the Graces, daughters of Venus, bathed. 
Adj., AcidallUS -a -um, belonging to Venus; 
nodus, the girdle of Venus, Mart. 

acidus -a -um (aceo), sharp. I. Lit., sour 
in taste, acid, Hor. il. Transf. , disagreeable, un- 
pleasant, Hor. 

acies-ei, f. (AC, rootofacuo), keenness, edge. 

1. Lit., of a sharp instrument, securis, Cic. ; 
lig.,patimur hebescereacieinhoruni auctoritatis, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. Of the eye, \, piercing look; 
ne vultum qnidem atque aciem oculorum ferre 
potuisse, Caes. ; 2, vision ; bonum incoluinis 
acics, malum caecitas, Cic; poet., the twinkling 
of the stai s, Verg. ; 3, the pupil of the. eye, Cic. ; 
met., the eye itself, Verg. ; hence, 4, of tlie mind, 
insight, keenness; auimi, ingenii, mentis, Cic. B. 
Milit. t.t., 1, an army drown up in line of battle, 
a, ft single line ; prima, Caes. ; novissiina, Liv. ; 
and b. the whole army; aciem instruere, Cic; 

2, battle; Pharsalica, Cic. ; in acie vincere, Caes. ; 
poet., Vulcania, mass of fire, Verg. Transf., ft 
battle in words, Cic. 

Acilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which were : 1, Man. 
Acil. Glabrio, Consul a.c. 192, conqueror of Antio- 
chusandthe Aetolians ; 2, C. Acil. Gkibrio, author 
of a Roman history in Greek. 

Acilla, and Acylla, and Acholic -ae, f. 
town of the Carthaginians in Byzacium (near 
modern Elalia). 

acmaces -is, m. (a/ai>aKrjs), a short Persian 
sabre, Hor. 

acinus -i, m. and acinum -i, n. a berry 
(esp. grope), Cic 

acipenser -Bris (aclpcnsls -is), in. a fish, 
highly prized by the Romans, the, sturgeon accord.* 
ing to Cuvier, Cic. 



act 



act 



Acis -Wis, m. ("Axis), 1, a river in Sicily, 
near Aetna, famous for its cokl water (now 
Fiume di Jaei), Ov. ; 2, Mytliol., « beautiful shep- 
herd, lover of Galatea, Ov. 

aclys -ydis, f. (perliaps shortened from ayxv- 
Ai'i), a small javelin, Verg. 

Acmonia -ae, f. a town ofPhrygia, on the road 
from Dorylaeum to Philadelphia (now Ahatkoi); 
hence Acmonensis -e, relating to Acmonia. 

Acmonides -ae, m. ('Ak/joWSiiO, one of the 
workmen of Vulcan. 

aconitum -i, n. (axovirov), a poisonous herb, 
monk's hood, aconite, Plin. ; poet. = poison, Verg. 

acquiesco -qulevi -quIStum, 3. (ad and quies- 
co), to rest, repose; 1. physically, a, of persons, 
tres horas, Cic. ; euphem., to die; aunoacquievit 
sexagesimo, Nep. ; b, of things, aures in eo ac- 
quiescant, Cic. ; rem familiarem acquiescere, not 
to be seized, Liv. ; 2, mentally, a, mentis agi- 
tatio quae uumquam acquiescit, Cic. ; b, to find 
rest or comfort in ; in his (litteris tuis) acquiesco, 
Cic. ; c, to be satisfied or pleased with ; in adoles- 
centium caritate, Cic. ; Clodii morte, Cic. 

acquiro -quislvi -quisitum, 3. (ad and quaero). 

1. to add to, acquire, as an increase to what is al- 
ready possessed ; dignitatem, Cic. ; vires acqniiit 
eundo, Verg. II. A. Gen., to acquire, get; tri- 
umphos de populis, Tac. B. Absol., to amass 
money ; acquireudi insatiabile votum, Juv. 

acra -ae, f. (d/cpa), a summit, height, promon- 
tory, Plin. 

Acraeus -a -um (axpaios), that which is upon 
a height, surname of Jupiter atui Juno, Liv. 

acratophoron -i, n. (a>cpo.To<t>6pov), a vessel 
for holding unmixed wine, Cic. 

acredula -ae, f. a bird (variously explained 
as the thrush, the owl, or the nightingale), Cic. 

acriculus -a -um (2. acer), somewhat sharp, 
violent ; ille acriculus, Cic. 

acrimonia -ae, f. 1, sharpness of taste or 
pungency of smell, Pliu. ; 2, energy of speech and 
demeanour, Cic. 

Acrlslus -ii, m. ("AKpio-tot), a king of Argos, 
father of Danae. Hence, 1, Acrlsione -es, f. 
Danae'; 2, Acrisioniades^-ae, in. Perseus, 
son of Danae;' 3, adj., Acrisloneus -a -um, 
arces, Argos, Ov. 

acrlter, adv. (2. acer), sharply, violently, 
strongly ; 1, of the senses ; a, of the sight, acri- 
terintueri solem, steadfastly, withoutbeing dazzled, 
Cic. ; b, of touch, painfully; caedunt acerrime 
virgis, Cic. ; c, of hearing, penetratingly, Plin. ; 

2, of the mind, etc. ; a, of the understanding, 
with sharp insight; videre vitia, Cic; b, of ac- 
tion, courageously ; se morti offerre, Cic. ; c, of 
the passions, passionately ; acerrime exspeetare, 
longingly, Cic; in speech, violently; vituper- 
are, Cic. 

acroama -atis, n. (aKpoa/jia), that which is 
heard with pleasure; Esp., 1, an entertain- 
ment at table of reading or music, Cic. ; 2, Meton., 
Vie person who conducts such an entertainment, a 
reader, actor, or singer, Cic. 

acrSasis -is, f. (axpdao-ts), an assembly of 
persons to listen to reading aloud, Cic. 

Acroceraunia -orum, n. 1, part of the Cc- 
raunian mountains, v. Ceraunius ; 2, appell., 
a dangerous place ; haec Acroceraunia vita, Ov. 

Aero cor in thus -i, f. ('Aicpoicdpii>0os), the 
citadel of Corinth, Liv. 

1. acta -ae, f. (oktj)), the sea-shore, tlie beach, 
especially as a place of recreation, Cic ; hence, 
meton., the pleasures of life at the seasule, Cic. 

1* 



2. acta -orum, n. (part, of ago), 1, actions; 
Caesaris nnn modo acta varum etiam cogitata, 
Cic; 2, public acts, ordinances ; servare, Cic; 
especially the register of these acts ; a, of the 
senate, Tac. ; b, of the people, Cic. ; c, of courts 
of justice, Cic ; acta diurna, a kind of ojjicial 
gazette published daily in Home, Tac. 

Actaeon -onis, m. ('AicTaiW), sonofAris'sicits, 
a hunter, who for seeing Diana while bathii^j was 
turned into a stag, and torn to pieces by his dogs. 

Act© -es, f. CAkttj), coast land, an old name 
of Attica ; hence, a, Actaeus-a-um, belonging 
to Attica or Athens; subst., Actaei -orum, 
the people of Attica; b, Actias -adis, f. Attic, 
Verg. 

Actiacus -a -um, v. under Actium. 

actio -onis, f. (ago). I. motion, hence the 
action of tlie body; 1, of an orator, gesture, 
Cic. ; 2, of an actor, action, Cic. II. A. Gen., 
doing, action; gratiarurn, giving of thanks, Cic ; 
primas eius actiones horreo, Cic. B. Esp., pub- 
lic action ; 1, the action of any nutgistrate, pro- 
posal; consularis, Cic. ; actio de pace sublata 
est, Liv. ; 2, action in a court of justice; a, the 
bringing of an action; inquieta urbs actiov.imis, 
Tac. ; b, the action itself; actionem instiluere, 
constituere, intenderc, Cic ; and so, c, tlie 
formula used in bringing an action; actiones 
componere, to draw statements of claim, Cic ; 
and gen., a legal formula; actiones Hostilianae, 
Cic. ; d, the speech on an indictment ; actiones 
Veninae, Cic. ; e, tlie pei-mission or right to bring 
an action; actionem habere, postulare, dare, ac- 
cipere, rcstituere, Cic. ; f, the hearing of an 
action ; altera, tertia, Cic. 

actito, 1. (freq. of ago), to be busy in pleading 
or acting, used of the theatres and courts of 
law ;~oausas multas, Cic. ; tragoedias, Cic 

Actium -ii, u. (*Aktioi>). I. a promontory in 
Acamania, on which stood a temple of Apollo ; 
hard by was fought the naval battle (a.c. 81) in 
which Augustus conquered Antony and Cleo- 
patra. II. a roadstead near Corey ra. Hence 
adj., 1, Actiacus -a -um ; frondes, the leaves of 
the bay tree, sacred to Apollo, Ov. ; legibnes, 
those that fought at Actium, Tac. ; 2, ActiUS -a 
-um ; bella, the battle of Actium, Verg. 

actor -oris, m. (ago), 1, a driver; pecoris, Ov.; 
2 f an actor; secundarum et tertiarum partium, 
Cic; S, a, one who accomplishes anything; 
rerum, Cic ; b, <: public speaker, Cic. ; c, the 
plaintiff in an action, Cic. ; d, the manager of 
property or finances ; actor publicus, one who 
manages public property, Tac. 

Actorides -ae, m. CAKropiint), a descendant 
of Actor, e.g. , Menoetius (son of Actor), or Patro- 
clus (grandson of Actor), Ov. 

actuariola -ae, f. (dim. of actuaria), a small 
skiff, Cic. 

actuarius -a -um (ago), easily moved, swift; 
actuaria navis, a swift-sailing vessel, Cues. ; 
navigium actuarium, Caes. Subst., actuaria 
-ae, f. Cic. 

actiiose, adv. actively, with energy, Cic 

actuosus -a -um, active; virtus, Cic; of a 
speech, effective, Cic. 

actus -us, m. (ago). I. motion; fertur 
magno mons improbus actu, Verg. II. putting 
in motion. A. 1. driving of cattle; leviadinonitu, 
uon actu, infleclit illam feram, Cic ; 2, Meton., 
rigid of way for driving cattle, carts, etc., Cic. B. 
movement of tlie body; of an actor or orator, 
gesture, Liv. C. 1, esp., presentation of a piece 
on the stage; fabollarum, Liv.; 2, division of a 
piece, an act; in extremo actu corruere, Cic. ; 3, 
Trausf., extremus actus aetutis, Cic. 



act 



10 



add 



actutum, adv. immediately, directly, Liv. 
aculeatus -a -urn (aculens). I. Lit., of 
plants and animals, provided with prickles or 

stings, Plin. II. TransC, sluirj) pointed, sting- 
ing; littcrae, Cic. ; Bophisma, hair-spatting, 
subtle, Cic. 

aculeus -i, ra. (dim. of acus), sting. I. A. 
Of animals, apis, Cic. B. Of missiles, point ; 
sagittae, Liv. II. Transf., especially in plur., 
A. sarcasm ; aculei in C. Caesarem, Cic. B. 
sting; sollicitudinuin, Cic. C. deep impression 
(of a speech) ; orator cum dclectatione aculeos 
rellnquit in animis, Cic. 

acumen -Inis, n. (acuo), the sharp point of 
anything. L Lit., stili, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
jtoint (of something witty) ; etiam interpretatio 
nominis habet acumen, Cic. B. sharpness of 
understanding ; ubi est acumen tunin ? Cic. C. 
cunning, trickery ; argutiae et acumen ejus, Cic. 

actio -fii -fltum, 3. (AC, root of acus and 
acies), (o sharpen to a point. I. Lit., to whet (a 
cutting instrument); gladios, Liv. II. Transf., 
to sharpen, practise. A. linguani exercitatioue 
dioettdi, to make more fluent, Cic. ; iugenia 
adolescentium, Cic. B. to inflame ; iram 
hostis ad vindicandas iujurias, Liv. C. to en- 
courage, incite; juventutein ad dicendum, Cic. 

acus -its, f. (AC, root of acuo and acies), a 
needle, a bodkin; vulnus, quod acu punctum 
videtur, Cic. ; acu pingere, to embroider, Verg. ; 
acu rem tetigisti, yon have hit the right nail on 
the head, Plant. 

acute, adv. (acutus), keenly. I. Of the 
senses, cernere, Lucr. ; of the voice, shrilly; 
sonare, Cic. IL Of the understanding, keenly; 
acute arguteque respoudere, Cic. 

ftcutulus -a -urn (dim. of acutus), toinewhat 
subtle, Cic. 

acutus -a -uin, p. adj. with compar. and 
RUperl (from acuo), sharpened, pointed, acute. 
I. Lit., sagitta, Ov. ; of anything pointed, cornua 
lunae, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of physical sensa- 
tions, 1, referring to particular senses ; a, of 
hearing, shrill; vox, Cic. ; ace. neut. as adv., 
rcsonare triste et aeutum, Hor. ; b, of touch, 
piercing; geln, Hor.; 2, of the whole body, 
painful', morbus, Hor.; poet., acuta belli, the 
hardships of war, Hor. B. Of mental perceptions, 
1, sharp, keen ; populi Romani oculos esse acres 
atque acutos, Cic. ; ace> neut. as adv., cernis 
ncutum, you. have keen sight (for the failings of 
others), Hor. : 2, of persons, keen-sighted, vigor- 
ous ; homo acutus magis quam eruditus, Cic. ; 
of orators, effective ; orator, Cic. 
ad, prep, with ace, expressing direction, 
Is, to. I. Of space, A. Lit., 1, of motion, 
Is ; concurrere ad curiam, Cic ; ad Dianoe 
venire, to tlu temple of Diana (sc. aedem), Ter. ; 
ad me, ad te, etc., to mi/ house, Cic. ; so of ex- 
tension, ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem 
suiiimum, Cic. ; 2. of rest, in the direction of, 
near; sedere ad latna ejus, Cic. ; esse ad portas 
(of Roman generals waiting outside Rome for a 
triumph), Cic. ; esse ad aliquem, to 6c on a visit to 
a person, Cic. ; ad judicem, before a pudge, Cic. ; 
ad tibiam, to the sound of the flute, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to express direction or extent; a, 
of direction (a) esp. with verbs Implying mo- 
tion, as movere, uucere, etc. ; (/3) of striving 
after an object, with such nouns as enpiditas, 
aviditas, etc., and such adjectives, as acer, pro- 
pensus, etc. ; (y) of aim or purpose, to, for; adju- 
torem ad injuriam, Cic. ; so with adj. like natiis, 
aptus, etc., and verbs as adjuvarej etc. ; ad id, 
for that object, Liv.; quid ad rem? what is the 
object of this? Cic. ; quid ad me, what has this 
to do with me ? Cic. ; so (aa) of medicines, for, 



against; radieum genera ad (to cure) morsns 
bestiarum, Cic; (/30) of occupation, to, for; 
Rervos ad remnm dare, Liv. ; (£) in relation /".• 
i i; ■ j iilti'1- ail labores belli, Cic; (e) in comparison 
with; scuta ad amplitudinem uorporum parum 
latii, Liv.; b, of extent, to,vpto; (o)virgisad 
necem caedi, Cic. ; ad extremmn, ultimuin, en- 
tirely; homo non ad extremmn perditus, Liv. ; 
ad sumiuain, 071 the whole, Cic ; (£) of numbers, 
to the amount of, etc ; ad unnm cmnes, all to a 
man, Cic. ; ad assem perdere, to lose your last 
farthing, Hor.; (7) near to, about; (fuiinus) 
omnino ad duccntos, Cic. ; 2, a ? in addition 
to; ad cetera banc quoquo plagam lnlligerc, Cic. ; 
ad hoc, besides, Sail. ; b, in consequence of; 
ad fainam belli novas legiones scribere, Liv. ; c, 
according to (some standard); ad istorum nor- 
mam, Cic. ; ad verbnm, literally. Cic II. Of 
time, 1, a, of extent, up to; ab hora octava 
ad vesperum, Cic. ; ad hoc tempus, till now, 
Cic. ; quern ad finem? how long? Cic. ; b, of 
duration ; ad paueos dies, for a few days; 2, of 
point of time, a, at, towards; 110s te hie ad 
mensem Januarium expectamus, Cic. ; ad luceni, 
in the morning, Cic. ; ad tempus, in due time, 
Cic. ; b, within; ad annum tribunum plebis 
fore, Cic. 

aclactlo -Onis, f. (adigo), a driving to, com- 
pulsion; jurisjurandi (obligation), Liv. 

adactus -us, m. (adigo), a bringing to ; den- 
tis, a bite, Lucr. 

adaeque, adv. in like Manner, Liv. 

Tidaequo, 1. A. Lit., to make equal villi ; 
moles moenibns, Caes. B. Transf. , 1, to equalise; 
a, with cum and the abl., cum virtute fortunam, 
Cic ; b, witli dat., se virtute nostris, Cic. ; so to 
compare; fonnam, aetatem, genus mortis magni 
Alexandri fatis, Tac ; 2, to come near to ; alti- 
tudinein muri, Caes. ; deorum vitam, Cic. 

adamanteus -a -urn, hard as steel, Ov. 

adamantinus -a -am (aSanoiriro?), made 
of hard steel, adamantine, Hor. 

adamas -ant is, m. (aSa/xas), 1, the hardest 
steel, adamant; nexae adamant e catenae, Ov. ; 
poet., anything that is firm, unyielding, and 
durable; in pec-tore ferrum aut adamanta gerit, 
Ov. ; voce sua adamanta movere, « heart of steel, 
.Mart. ; 2, the diamond, Plin. 

adambulo, 1. to walk by or near anything, 
Plant. 

adamo, 1. I. to fall in lore with; aliquem, 
Liv. II. to find pleasure in; equos, Cic; 
gloriam, Cic. 

adamussim, v. amussis. 

adaperio -perui -pertum, 4. to open fully; 
adapertae fores portae, Liv. 

adapertilin -e, that which is capable ofbt ing 
opened ; latus tauri, Ov. 

adapto, 1. to fit to, adapt, Suet. 

adaquo, 1. to supply with water, to give to 
drink, Plin. 

adaquor, 1. dep. to fetch water; of soldiers, 
Caes. 

ddauctus -us, m. (adaugeo), an increase, 
Lucr. 

adaugeo -auxi -auctum, 2. l f to increase, to 
augment; bonuni, Cic. ; 2, of sacrifices, to devote, 
Plant. 

adaugesco, 3. to begin to increase, Cic. poet. 

adbibo -blbi -bibitum, 3. 1, Lit, to drink, 
drink in, Ter. ; 2, Transf., of the ears; verba 
puro pectore, Hor. 

adbito, 3. to go near, Plaut. 

addecet, v. impers. it becomes, suits, Plaut. 



add 



11 



adh 



addenseo, 2. and addenso, 1. to make 
thick, orcomjKtct; extremi addensent acies, Verg. 
addico -dixi -dictum, 3. to assent to; 1, 
t.t. in augury, to promise favourably (of the 
omens of birds), Li v. ; 2, to award; a. of a 
judge, especially the praetor (whose formula was 
do, dico, addico); alicni bona, Cic. ; liberum 
corpus in servitutem, Liv. ; esp., to award a 
debtor as a slave to his creditor; ob creditam 
pecuniam addici, Liv. ; addictus, a debtor thiis 
adjudged a slave, Liv. ; b, of an auctioneer, to 
knock down to a bidder; funduin alicui, Cic; 
alicui aliquid nummo sestertio, or simply 
nunnno, to give (by a fictitious sale), Cic, 
Ilor. ; to put up for sale (of the vendor) ; aedes, 
Cic. ; transf., regna pecunia, Cic. ; 3, to give up 
or over, alicuius bona in publicum, to confis- 
cate, Cic. ; aliquem perpetuae servituti, Caes. ; 
so addictus, bound, pledged; nullius addictus 
jurare in verba ministri, Hor. ; se alicui, in a 
bad sense, to give oneself up to slavishly; se sena- 
tui, Cic. 

addictio -onis, f. (addico), the judge's award; 
bonoruni possesskmumque, Cic. 
addictus -a -um, v. addico. 
addisco -didld, no sup. 3. to learn, in addi- 
tion; artem, Cic. 

additamentum -ij n. an addition ; Ligus, 
additamentum inimicorum meorum, Cic. 

addo -didi -dltum, 3. I. to give to, to give, 
to place. A. Lit., epistolas in fasciculum, Cic. ; 
soleam pedi, Ov. ; of persons, alicui comitein, 
Verg. B. Transf. , to inspire, to cause, produce ; 
alicui alacritatem scribendi, Cic. II. to add, 
increase, Liv. A. Lit., 1, unum granum, Cic. ; 
gradum, to luisten, Liv.; 2, of writing, to add; 
in orationem quaedam, to make some additions, 
Cic. ; 3, of reckoning, to add ; addendo deducen- 
doque, by addition and subtraction; videre quae 
reliqui summa fiat, Cic. B. Transf., 1, hunc la- 
borem ad quotidiana opera, Caes. ; sceleri scelns, 
Liv. ; 2, to give as a respite (of time); paucosdies 
ad rem publicam gerendam, Cic. ; 3. to add to 
something said, to say in addition ; addunt etiam 
de Sabin'i morte, Caes. ; with ace. and infin.,addit 
. etiam illud, equos non optimos fuisse, Cic. ; adde, 
or adde hue, or eo, with ace. subst. or quod, 
add to this ; adde eo exsilia, luctus, Cic. 

addoceo, 2. to teach in addition, to teach, 
Hor. 

addutrito, 1. to incline to doubt, to begin to 
doubt; followed by de, in, num, an, utruin, quid ; 
res addubitata, a question undecided, Cic. 

adduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to draw toone- 
self. A. Gen., parvis colla lacertis (of children 
embracing their mother), Ov. B. Esp., 1, todraw 
tight to oneself; balistae et reliquatormeuta con- 
tenta atque adducta vehementius, Cic. ;• 2, to 
draw together, to wrinkle; adducit cutem macies, 
Ov. II. to bring (as a guide), or lead a thing or a 
person. A. Lit, 1, of persons, aliquem iu con- 
spcctumpopuli, Liv. ; aliquem in jus or judicium, 
or simply aliquem, to bring to justice, Cic. ; 2, of 
things, aurum secum,Liv. ; esp. of bringing water 

Shy an aqueduct, etc.), aquam, Cic. B. Transf., 
. t to bring to a certain condition; aliquem in 
vituperationem, invidiam, Cic. ; eo adduxit eos 
ut, etc., Cic. ; sesuumqueregnuminultimumdis- 
criinen, Liv. ; 2, to bring a person to a certain 
state of mind ; in Return, in mctum, Cic. ; addnci 
ad susplcanduin, Cic. ; followed by ut and the 
subj., adducis me ut tibi assentiar, Cic. ; with 
inli'n., in spemadducti, hunc ipsum annum salu- 
tarem civitati fore, Cic. ; with genit., in spem 
adductns conficiendi belli, Sail. ; so adductus, 
influenced; spe mercedis, Cic. ; absol., adducor 
igifur et prope modum assentior, Cic. 



adductius, adv. compar. (adductus), more 
severely, Tac. 

adductus -a -um, p. adj. (from adduco), of 
persons, severe, Tac. 

adedo -cdi -esum, 3. to nibble, to gnaw. I. 
A. Lit., adesi favi, Liv. B. Transf., scopulns 
adesus nquis, Ov. II. to consume, waste away; 
non adesa jam sed abundant! etiam pecunia, Cic. 

ademptio -onis, f. (adimo), a taking away; 
civitatis, Cic. 

1. adeo, adv. (ad and eoi, old dat. of is), to 
that point, so far. I. Lit., A. Of space, so far, 
Ter. B. Of time, so long, used with usque and 
followed by dum, donec,quoad, Cic. II. transf., 
of degree, a, so much, so, followed by ut, Cic ; 
b, even, what is more; ducem hostium intra 
moenia atque adeo in senatu videmus, Cic. ; c, 
used enclitically with pron., just; id adeo, Cic. ; 
with conj., si, nisi, sive, aut, vel, Cic. ; d, to 
such an extent, so; adeo prope omnis senatus 
Hannibalis fuit, Liv. ; e, with non, much less, 
Tac. 

2. adeo -it -itum, 4. to go or come to, approach. 
I. Lit.^V. Gen., ad istum fundum, Cic. ; curiam, 
Liv. B. Esp., 1, adire inpraetorem in jus ; or 
simply in jus, to go to law, Cic. ; 2, to travel 
to, to visit; casas aratorum, Cic. ; 3, to go to 
some one for counsel or help ; praetorem, Cic. ; or 
for consulting about the future; magos, Cic; or 
for prayer for help ; aras, Cic. ; 4, to apjrroach 
asauenemy ; ad queinvis numerumephippiatoruin 
equitum adire auderc, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to un- 
dertone some business ; ad causas privatas et pub- 
licas, Cic. ; adrempublicam, to enter jw&Zic life, 
Cic. ; 2, to come to some condition, to undergo, 
incur; perieulum capitis, Cic. ; 3, legal t. t., 
adire hereditatem, to enter on an inheritance, 
Cic. ~ 

adeps -ipis, c. (connected with oAei'^w), 
the soft fat of animals; meton., Cassii adipem, the. 
corpulent Cassius, Cic. 

ftdeptlO -onis, f. (adipiscor), attainment, ob- 
taining ; lilii; commodi, Cic. 

adcquito, 1. to ride to; with dat., ipsis 
portis, Liv. ; with ad, ad nostros, Caes. ; absol., 
Liv. 

adesdum, or ades dum, come hither, Ter. 

adesurio, 4. to hunger after anything, Plaut. 

adf, v. under aff . . . 

adg, v. under agg . . . 
adhaereo -haesi -haesum, 2. to hang to, 

stick to, adliere. A. Lit., manus oneri adhaerentes, 
frozen to, Tac. ; saxis, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to 
border on, to be near; modica silva adliaerebat, 
Tac. ; 2, to keep close to a jierson, to be always at 
the side of; latcri adhaerere gravem dorninum, 
to sit on the neck of, Liv. ; so nulli fortunae ad- 
hacrebat animus, depended upon, Liv. ; of things, 
cni canis cognomen adhaeret, thenickname clings 
to him, Hor. ; of an appendage, summusque in 
margine versus adhaesit, was written on the edge 
for want of room, Ov. ; so, of persons, te vix ex- 
tremum adhaesisse, Cic. 

adhacresoo -haesi -haesum, 3. to hang to, to 
adliere. A. Lit., gravis lateri craterae limus 
adhaesit, Hor. ; of burning missiles, ad turriin, 
Caes. ; fig., in me uno consulates faces ... in 
mo omnia conjurationis tela adhaeserunt ; of 
shipwrecks, ad saxa sironum, Cic. ; fig., ad 
qnanicuinquc sunt dlsciplinam quasi tempest- 
ate delati, ad cam tain quam ad saxum ad- 
haerescunt, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to cling to, to re- 
main; in hie locis adhaerescere, Cic. ; justitiae 
honestatique, not to swerve from, Cic. ; ad om- 
nium vestrum studium, sympathise with, Cic. ; 
2, of an orator, to stick fast, stop, Cic. 



adh 



12 



adj 



adhaeslo -onis, f. (adhaereo), clinging to; 
atoinorum, Cic. 

adhacsus -us, in. (adhaereo), an adhering, 
Lucr. 

adhibco -fti -Hum, 2. (ad and habeo), to 
bring one thing to another, to apply to. I. Gen., 
man us gcnibus, Ov. ; maims vectigolibns, to 
ray hands on, to seUe, Cic; adhibete animoa et 
■a vestras, non solum aun s, Cic. II. Esp., 
A. to join, associate, add; studio adhibito atque 
ubu, Cic. B. 1, to apply something to Bome 
particular end or object ; orationem ad valgus, 
: alicui vim, Cic. ; morbis remedia, Cic. ; 
iambum in fabulis, Cic. ; fldem, Cic. ; 2, to em- 
ploy or call a person to help or advise, etc. ; ali- 
quem in consilium, Cic. ; aliquem in convivium, 
to invite, Cic. ; medicum, Cic. ; with double ace, 
aliquem patronum, Cic. ; Sicilian) testem, Cic. ; 
wita adv., to treat; aliquem liberaliter, Cic. 

adhlnnio, 4. to neigh after. I. Lit., Ov. 
II. Transf., sic ad illius orationem adhinnivit, 
neighed with joy at, Cic. 

adhortatlo -Onis, f. an exhortation, Cic. 

adhortator -oris, m. one who exhorts; opcris, 
Liv. 

adhortor, 1. dep. to exhort, encourage (espe- 
cially of soldiers); omnes cohortes ordinesque, 
Caes. ; in helium, Tac. ; ad defendendam rem- 
publicam, Cic. 

adhnc, adv. (ad and lmic, shoi-tened to hue), 
thvs far, hitherto; properly of place, but gener- 
ally used of time, hitherto; 1, up to the present 
time, till now; a, of the actual present, usque 
adluic, adhnc semper, adhnc dum, Cic. ; used 
with nuns, non, neque, nihil, nullus, Cic; b, 
of the historic present, fluctuans adhnc animo, 
Liv. ; 2, of something which is continuing still; 
ndhuc de consuetudine excrcitationis loquor; 
nondum do ratione et Baplentia, Cic ; followed 
by ut or qui with the subj. — so far that, Cic. 

Adiabcne ■&, f. ('AtnaPnffi), a province of 
Assyria (now Kurdistan), Adj., Adiabenus 
-a -uni, Adiabenian. 

adtclo = adjicio (q.v.). 

adlgo -Cgl •actum, 8. (ad and ago), to drive to. 
A. Lit., l,ofcattle,pecns evicts longinquioribus, 
; 2, of men, aliquem fulmine ad umbras, 
Verg. ; so legal t. t., arbitnim (old Lat. for ad 
nrbitrum), adigcre aliquem, to summon before an 
arbiter, Cic. ; 3, of things, triremes per aestu- 
aria. Tac. ; quouam loco turrf adaeta, Caes. B. 
Transf., 1, to drive to, to compel to ; ad mortem, 
Tac ; absol., adigit ita Postumia etServius tilius, 
Cic. ; legal and mi lit. t. t., aliouein ad jusjuran- 
ilum.Cacs. ;orjusjurandum,Cic. ; orjurejurando, 
or sacramento, Liv., to put a man on his oath, 
to swear in ; 2, to fashion; in faciem prorae pinus 
adaeta novae, Prop. 

adlmo -cml -empltiin, 3. (ad and cmo), to take 
. 1, something painful ; vincnla canibus, 
Ov. ; dolores, Hor. ; 2, to take away (property); 
alicui pecuniam, vitnm, Cic. ; with a and tlio 
abb, Cic. ; 3, to take away (a person), aliquem 
alicui, Cic. ; esp. of death, hence ademptun, poet. 
dead, Hor. 

adlpatus -a -nm (adeps). I. Lit., fatty, 
greaty. Bubst., adipata -orum n. pastry madt 
ii Hh ijrease, Juv. II. Transf., of style, bombastic; 
adipatae dictionis genus, Cic 

adlpiscor -eptUS, 3. dep. (ad and apiscor). 
I. to come up to, to overtake ; fugientem, Liv. II. 
Transf., to obtain; laudem, Cic; gloriam ex ali- 
qnsre,Nep. ; quod adeptus est per scelus, Cfc ; 
with genit., reruin adeptus, Tac. ; part., adeptus, 
Used i>assively, eandem accusant adeptam, when 
rtached, Cic, De Sen. ii. 4. 



aditlo -onis, f. agoing to, an approach, riant. 

aditus -us, m. (2. adeo), a going to, an a)>- 
pronch, access, I. A. Lit., 1, difflcilea aditus 
habere ad pastuiu, Cic. ; 2, right or possibility of 
entrance to ; aditus in id sacrarium non est viiis, 
Cic. ; of audience of a person, homo ran aditus, 
difficult of access, Liv. ; faciles aditus ad euui pri- 
vatorum, Cic ; aditus ad aliquem iutercludere, 
Cic. ; petentibus non dare, Nep. ; ad aliquem 
postulare, Tac B. Meton., entrance to a place, 
approach; aditus insulae muniti, Cic; aditus 
templi, Cic. ; ad castra, Caes. ; in Sicilian), 
Cic. ; omnes aditus claudere, or intercludere, 
Cic II. Transf., opportunity of obtaining ; ad 
honorem, Cic. ; laudis, Cic. 

adjacco, 2. to lie by the side of, to be adja- 
cent; ad ostium Rhndani, Caes.; with ace. alone, 
Ktruriain, Liv. ; with dat., agio Romano, Liv. ; 
absol., adjaeente Tibri, Tac Subst., adja- 
centia -ium, n. the neighbourhood, Tac. 

adjectlO -onis, f. (adjicio), on adding to; 
adjectione populi Albani, Liv. ; illiberal) adjec- 
tione, a paltry advance, Liv. ; Hispaniensibus 
fainiliaruni adjectiones dedit, incorporated new 
families, Tac. 

adjectus -us, m, (adjicio), am adding to, 
Lucr. 

adjicio -jeei -je.ctum, 3. (ad and jacio), to 
throw to. I. A. Lit., telum, Caes. B. Transf. 
1, to cast a longing look upon ; oculum here- 
ditati, Cic. ; 2. to direct the thoughts to ; dictis 
mentein, Ov. II. A. to apply; stimulos fre- 
menti, Ov. B. to add; 1, Lit., aggereni ad 
nuinitiones, Caes. ; 2, Transf., a, ad belli laudem 
doctrinae et ingenii gloriain, Cic ; b, to add to 
what has been said, Liv. ; 3, to outbid at an 
auction ; supra adjecit Aeschno, Cic. 

adjudico, 1. to award, as a judge, adjudicate, 
to decide as a judge. I. Lit., causam alicui, in 
favour of any one, Cic. ; regnum Ptoleinaeo, to 
assign the kingdom to Ptolemy, Cic. II. Transf., 
Italis adjudicat armis, assigns to the Soman 
power, Hor. ; alicui salutem imperii hujus 
atque orbis terrarum, Cic. 

adjumentum, -i, n. (adjuvo), help, assist- 
ance; alicuius rei, ad aliquid, alicui rei, in aliqua 
re, Cic. 

adjunctlo -onis, f. (adjungo), a joining to. 

1. addition to, union.; a, naturae ad hominem, 
Cic. ; b, a rhet. figure = <rui'e£evyjae'jw, where 
the predicate stands either at the beginning or 
the end of a clause. II. a joining to, adding 
to, connexion, union; a, verborum, Cic. ; b, in 
rhet., a limitation, restriction, Cic. 

adjunctor -oris, m. (adjungo), one who joins, 
connects; ille Galliae ulterioris adjunctor (i.e., 
Pompeius, who caused Gallia Ulterior to be 
added to Caesar's province), Cic. 

adjunctUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from adjungo), 
bound to, belonging to; propiora hujus causae 
et adjuuetiora, Cic. Subst., adjuncta -orum, 
n. things closely connected with, or suitable, to, 
anytliing, Cic. 

adjungo -Junxi -junctum, 3. to join to, bind 
to. I. Lit., 1, of animals, plostello mures, Hor. ; 

2, of vines, uhnis vites, Verg. II. Transf., to 
join, add. A. 1, of space ; a, of things, parietem 
ad parietem coinmuncm, Cic. ; adjunctus fundus, 
neighbouring, Cic. ; b, of persons, beluis ad- 
juncto humano corpori, Cic. ; juris scientiam 
eloqucntiaetainqu.ini an eillula m pediscquamque, 
Cic; 2, of time, pass., tobe near In age; ci proxime 
adjunctus Drusus (rater fuit, Cic. B. to ex- 
press any connection or relation ; 1, of things, 
a, in speaking, to join; verba ad nomen ad- 
juncta, epithets, Cic. ; similitudines adjungens, 



adj 



13 



adm 



Cic. ; b, in argument, to connect; rebus prae- 
sentibus adjungere atque aunectcre futures, 
Cic; c, of territory, to add; Wliuiain ad ini- 
perium populi Romani, Cic. ; agros populo, 
Cie; d, to connect in any kind of relation, to 
aire, to attribute ; tidemvisis, Cic. ; sibiauxilium, 
Cic ; insolentiam honestati, Cic. ; animuin ad 
aliquod studiuin, Ter. ; 2, of persons, a, to bring 
in as a jxirticipator ; aliquem ad suos sermones, 
Cic; b. to biiul, unite; urbem ad amicitiam, 
Liv. ; aliquem sibi socium, or simply socium, 
Cic. ; with double ace, se comitein fugae, Cic. 

adjuro, 1. 1, to swear in addition, Liv. ; 2, 
to swear, to promise on oath; qui omnia adjurant, 
Cic ; a, with ace and inftu., adjuras id te invito 
me non esse facturum, Cic. ; b, with per and the 
ace, per Jovem, Plaut. ; c, with the simple ace, 
adjuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, Verg. 

adjutabilis -e,fullof help, serviceable, Plaut. 

adjuto, 1. to be serviceable, to help, Plaut, 
Ter. 

adjutor oris, m. (adjuvo), a helptr ; 1, vie- 
toriae populi Komani, Cic. ; a, with in and the 
abl., in re gerenda, Cic. ; b, witn ad and the ace, 
adjutores ad injuriam, Cic; c, witli contra and 
the ace, his adjutor contra patriam inventus est 
nemo, Cic ; 2, a regular assistant ; one who played 
secondary parts on the stage, Hor. ; esp., the 
assistant of a public officer, deputy; P. Maulius in 
Hispaniam citeriorem adjutor consuli datus, Liv. 

adjutrix -ids, f. (adjutor), 1, of persons, 
she that helps, a female assistant, a helper; Mi- 
nerva adjutrix consiliorum meoruni, Cic. ; 2, 
of things, aid; quae res Plancio in petitione 
fuisset adjutrix, Cic. ; 3, name of reserve legions 
under tlie empire, Tac 

adjuvo -juvi -jutum, 1. to help, assist, sup- 
port. I. aliquem in aliqua re, Cic ; ad bellum, 
Liv. ; followed by ut with the subj., Cic. ; maer- 
orein nationis lacrimis suis, Cic. II. to be of 
service, to avail ; jam nihil te Neronis judicium 
adjuvat, Cic. ; philos. t. t., causae adjuvantes, 
mediate, Cic. ; impers., followed by the infin., 
nihil igitur adjuvat procedere et progredi in vir- 
tute, Cic 

adl, v. under all . . . 

admatu.ro, 1. to hasten; adruaturari de- 
fectionem, Caes. 

admetlor -mensus, 4. dep. to measure out 
to ; frumentum alicui, Cic. 

Admetus -i, in. ("AS^roO, 1, ruler ofPherae, 
in Thessaly, husband ofAlcestis, who died for him ; 
2, king of the Molossi, friend of Tliemistocles. 

admigro, 1. to xmnder to, to came to, Plaut. 

admlniculo, 1. to support, prop; vitem, Cic. 

admlniculum -i, n. (ad and *mineo). I. 
Lit., a prop, a support, the pole on which a vine is 
trained, Cic. II. Transf., aid, help; ad aliquod 
tumquam adminiculum anniti, Cic ; egore a 1- 
miniculis, Tac 

administer -stri, m. an attendant, an as- 
sistant; Jovi se consiliarium atque administruiu 
•latum, Cic. ; in a bad sense, audaciae satelles 
atque administer tuae, Cic. 

admmistra -ae, f. (administer), she that 
helps; artes tnyus administra6 comitesque vir- 
tutis, Cic. 

administrate -6nis, f. 1, the giving of help ; 
sine hominura administratnone, Cic. ; 2, direc- 
tion, government ; navis, Caes. ; belli, Cic; mundi, 
rerum, reipublicae, Cic. 

administrator -oris, ru. an administrator, 
manager; quidam belli gereudi, Cic. 

administro, 1. 1, to help, assist, Plaut. ; 
2, to vmnage, direct, administer; rempublicani, 



Cic. ; navem, to steer, Caes. ; of war, bellum cum 
Cimbri.s, Cic; exercituni, Cic; of other things, 
provincial)!, Cic. ; leges ct judicia, Cic. ; omneui 
rnundnm, Cic. 

admirabilis -e, worthy of culmiralion, ad- 
mirable ; 1, admirabilis efc siugularis sapientia, 
Cic. ; 2, astonishing, strange (to translate 
rrapaSofa), Cic. 

admirabilftas -atis, f. admirableness, Cic. ; 
haec animi despicieutia magnamadmirabilitatein 
facit, excites v:onder, Cic. 

adnv rablliter, adv. 1, admirably, xvonder 
fully ; laudari, Cic. ; 2, strangely (Gr. irapafiofius), 
Cic. 

admirandus -a -um (admiror) = admira- 
bilis, worthy of admiration ; homo, Cic 

admiratio -onis, f. 1, admiration; summam 
hoiuiuum admirationem excitare, Cic. ; liabere, 
Cic. ; in magna admiratione esse, Cic. ; plur., 
admirationes, outbursts of admiration ; clamores 
et admirationes efticcre, Cic. ; 2, wonder, aston- 
ishment; tam atrocis rei, at so cruel a deed, Cic. ; 
admiratio consulem incessit quod, Liv.; admir- 
atio orta est, followed by ace with infill., Liv. ; 
lit clamor et admiratio populi, followed by ace 
witli infin., Cic. 

admiror, 1. dtp. 1, to admire ; res gestas, 
Cic. ; 2, to be astonished at; with adv., leviter, 
vekementer, maguopcrc, ctc.,aliquid, Cic ; nihil, 
Cic. ; in aliqua re, dc aliquo, Cic. ; with ace and 
infin., Cic ; with quod, cur, quo pacto, uude, 
Cic 

admisceo -miscui -mixtum (-mistum), 2. I. 
to mix with, to add to by mixing. A. Lit., aquae 
adinixtus calor, Cic. B. Transf., to join; ad- 
miscerenturne plebeii, Liv. ; ad id consilium 
adiriscear, Cic. II. to mix with something. A. 
Lit., frtir niulto calore admixtus, Cic. B. Transf., 
urbes inaritimae admiscentur novis sermonibus 
ac disciplinis, become familiar with, Cic. 

admlssarius, -i, m. (admitto), a stallion; 
fig., a lascivious man, Cic. 

admlssio -Suis, f. an audience, esp. of a 
royal person, Pliu. 

admissum -i, ra. a crime, Cie 

admitto -misi -missum, 3. to send to. I. to 
let go. A. Lit., 1, to let a horse go at full speed, 
to urge on, to put to a gallop; equo admisso, 
Cie; 2, to hurry; admisso passu, with hxirried 
step, Ov. B. Transf., to let go; quod semel ad- 
missum coerceri reprimique non potest, Cic. II. 
to let in, to give access to. A. Lit., 1, aliquem ad 
capsas, Cie ; 2, to give audience to; aliquem, 
Cic. ; 3, to admit a person to share in an under- 
taking, etc. ; aliquem ad consilium, Cie B. 
Transf., 1, of words, entreaties, etc., to allow 
to reach ; eas conditiones vix auribus, Liv. ; 
2. of an act, to allow; litem, Cie; of omens, 
ailitiittunt aves, the auguries allow it, Liv. ; 3, to 
commit a crime; in te tautum facinus, Cic. 

admixtio -onis, f. (admisceo), a mingling, 
an admixture; corporis, Cic. 

admoderate, adv. appropriately, Lucr. 

admoderor, 1. dep. to moderate, Plaut. 

admodum adv. (ad and modum), up to the 
measure, up to thr.mark ; hence, I. With numbers, 
about ; turres admodum CXX., Caes. II. Of de- 
gree, completely, quite; A. Gen., 1, with adjec- 
tives or adverbs, forma admodum impolita et 
plane rudis, Cic. ; admodum raro, Cie ; with 
nihil and nullus, litterarura admodum nihil 
sciebat, entirely ignorant of, Cic. ; of age, puer 
admodum, a mere boy, Liv. ; non admodum 
grandis natu, Cic. ; 2, with verbs, me admodum 
diliguut, Cic. B. In affirmative answer, «r> 
tuinly, Ter. 



adm 



14 



ado 



admoenio, 4. to besiege, riant, 
admolior, I. dep. to move to, Plaut. 

admoneo -ui •Itnm, 2. to admonish, remind, 
i(io;i (o; 1, aliquem alicuius rei, or de 
aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem haec, ram Win, niulta, 
followed by ace and intin., Liv. ; or rela- 
sentence with quaiitus, qui, Cic. ; 2, in busi- 
ness language, to remind of a debt ; aliquem aeris 
aliciii, Cic. ; 3, a, to advise to do something; fol- 
lowed by ut or ne and the subj., or by the simple 
stibj., by ad or in and the ace, or by the intin., 
Cic. ; adthesaunnn reperiendum admoneri, Cic. ; 
b, to urge or incite; telo bijugos, Verg. 

ndmonitio -onis, f. a reminding; 1 ( Gen., 
Cic. ; 2, friendly admonition; admouitio In con- 
silio dando fmniiiaris, Cic; in plur., nee preci- 
bus nee admonitiotiibus nostris reliquit locum, 
Cic. 

admonltor -oris, m. one ivho reminds, Cic. 

admonitum -i, n. an adtnonition, a call- 
ing to mind, Cic. 

admdnitus -ils, m. o reminding; 1, loc- 
arumadmouitu, Cic. ; 2, admonishing, warning; 
amici tali admonitu, Cic. ; mortis, Ov. 

admordeo -morsum, 2. 1, to bite at, to gnaw, 
Prop. ; 2, to fleece, Plaut. 

admotio -Onis, f. a moving to; digitorum, 
pluying on the harp, Cic. 

admove'o -movi -motum, 2. to move, bring 

to. A. Gen., 1, fasdculum ad nares, Cic. ; ali- 

cul stimulus, Cic. ; uiauuin operi, to engage in a 

Ov. ; manna nocentibus, to lay hands on 

the grill;:, Liv. ; so manus vectigalibus, Cic; 

■ in ad corpus, Cic. ; angues curribus, to 

yoee, Ov. ; with ace. alone, ignem, Cic ; anrem, 

2, to dirrd, devote; mentcssuas, non solum 

aures, ad lmruspicum voccm, Cic. ; 3, milu. 1. 1., 

to briny up war-machines ; opus ad turrim 

mi. Cars. ; ti, bring H]> soldiers; armatos 

minis, Liv. ; 4, of .sacrifices, to bring to the altar; 

l.liam vlgtlmain avis, Liv. ; 5, to bring near, 

; nrbom ad mare, Cic. B. 1, to ap- 

]i'"i ; enrationem ad aliquem, Cic. ; oratlonem 

ad si nana animorom atone motus intlnmmandos, 

•ie. ; 2, <>f time, in the pass., to draw near; 

admotua supremis, drawing near to death, Tac. ; 

se admovere, to draw near; se applicare et 

proplna admovere, Cic. 

admugio, 4. to bellow after, Ov. 

admurmuratlo -5nis, f. o murmuring 

(cither of approbation or disapprobation), Cic. 

admurmiiro, 1. to murmur at (in ap- 
1 rova] or disapproval), Cic 

admutllo, 1. to shear, shave; hence, transf., 
to fleece, Plant. 

adn, v. agn or ann . . . 

adolco -ui, 2. 1, Intrans., to smell, Plaut. ; 2, 

to smell, to set on fire, to burn (of 

sacrifices) ; viscera tauri flammis, Ov. ; honores 

Junoni, to honour by burning saa-ifices to, Verg. ; 

•he altar Itself, to light up with Sacrificial 

tltaria flammis, Lucr. ; llammis Penates 

»= focos), Verg. ; cruore captivo aras, to feed 

Ian with, etc., Tac 

adolcsccns (aduleaceos) -entis (part, of ado- 

A. Adj. (with compar.), young; admo- 

d »m i ; adolescenttar academia, 

B. Subst., 1, maac., a you ng man (with- 

<c to any particular age) ; puersivc 

ja"i '■ : ii- vel i'u- 1 po- 

lunior in Englishyto dis- 

h * person from some one of th* same 

name, but older; r. Crasaiua adol., Caes. ; 2, 

-•II. as an attribute; tllia adoL, 

Cic, 



n dolesccntia -ae, f. youth ; citius adoles- 
eentiae sencctus quam pueritiae adolesccntia 
obrepit, Cic ; ineunte adolesceutia, Cic ; ah 
adolescentia, a prima adol. ; ah ineunte adol., 
from youth vpward, Cic. ; meton., the young, Cic 

adolepccntula -ae, f. a very young girl, 
used as a term of endearment, Plaut. 

addtescentulus -i, m. a very young man; 
applied by Cic. to himself in his 27th year, and 
by Salluax to Caesar wheu Caesar was about 33 
or 35 ; ab adolescentulo, from youth, upward, 
Cic 

l. ad5lesco -olevi-ultum, 3. to grow, to grow 
vp to maturity. A. Lit., 1, of men, is qui adole- 
verit, Cic. ; 2, of plants, viriditas herbescens 
quae sensimadolcscit, Cic. B. Transf., to grow, 
increase; of time, to advance ; cummatura adole- 
verit aetas, Verg. ; ver donee adolesceret, Tac. ; 
of the mind, to be developed, to come to maturity ; 
ratio quuin adolevit atque perfecta est, Cic. ; 
ea cupiditas adolescit una cum aetatibus, Cic. 

'-'• adolesco-eie(adoleo), toblaze ; adolescuut 
ignibus arae, Verg. 

Adoneus -Si, m. = Adonis (q.v.). 

Adonis -Idle ("A&oi'is), and Adon -Onis, in. 
CA&oc), a beautiful youth, son of Cinyras, king of 
Cypms, beloved of Venus, slain by a wild boar, 
but changed after death by Venus into a flower 
(adonium). 

adoperio -pcrtti -pertum, 4. 1, to cover; 
capite adoperto, Liv. ; humus floribus adoperta, 
Ov. ; 2, to close, adoperta lumina somno, Ov. 

Sdopmor, 1. dep. to guess, Lucr. 

adoptatlcitis -a -urn, adopted as a child, 
Plaut. 

adoptatio -Onis, f. = adoptio (q.v.). 

adoptio -Onis, f. the adoption of a child ; 
emaucipare (Ilium alic.ui in adoptiouem, I" give 
in adoption, Cic. ; ascirc aliquem in or pcradop- 
tioncm, !o adopt, Tac. 

adoptivus -a -um. I. relating to adoption; 
filius, jiater, (rater, soror, adopted son, etc., Suet. ; 
sacra, the rites of the family into ichich the per- 
son was adopted, Cic. ; uobilitas, Ov. II. Transf., 
of plants, grafted, Ov. 

adopto, 1. I. Gen. to choose for one's self; sibi 
aliquem patronura, Cic. ; of tilings, Etruscas 
opes, toUiketoone'said,Ov. II. Esp., A. Lit., 
to adopt as child or grandchild (per aes el 
libram, by a fictitious side, or testaniento, by 
vill); sibi (ilium, Cic ; aliquem al) aliquo, from 
the natural father, Cic. ; in regnum, Sail.' B. 
Transf., 1, in jest, C. Stalenus qui ipse se adopt- 
averat et de Staleno Aclium fecerat, had changed 
his name by adopting himself, Cic. ; frater, pater 
adde ; ut cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus 
adopta, adopt him by codling him brother, father, 
etc., Hor. ; nomen or cognomen adoptare, Mart. ; 
2, of plants, to graft ; fac ramus vamum adoptet, 
Ov. 

ador -oris, n. a. species of grain, spelt (Tri- 
ticum spelta, Linn.), Hor. 

adoratio-onis, f. aprayingto, adoration,FUn. 

adorea (adoria) -ae, f. (adoro), reward of 
valour, glory; ille dies . . . qui primus alma 
risit adorea, Hor. 

adoreus -a -um (ador), relating to spelt ; liba, 
Verg. __ 

Sdorlor -ortus. 4. dep. to rise yp. 1. to at. 
tack ; a, aliquem fustibus, gladiis, Cic. : atergo, 
Cic. ; pagum, Caes. ; b, to besiege with entreaties, 
threats, etc.; aliquem minis, Tac; aliquem 
tumultuosissirae, Cic II. to attempt, under- 
take; hoc tpsum, Cic; majus ne&s, Verg. '. 
followed by intlu,, convellen- ea, etc., Cic, 



ado 15 

adorno, 1. to prepare, furnish, provide. I, 
Gen., naves onerarias, Caes. ; Italiae duo niaria 
luaximiselassibus firniissimisquepraesidiis,Cie; 
accusationem, Cic. II. to adorn. A. Lit., forum 
lnagno ornatu, Cic; aliquem insigni veste, Li v. 
B. Transf., justi honores aliquem adornant, Liv. 

adoro, 1. A. Gen., to speak to. B. Esp., 1, to 
address a deity, to entreat, to ask for, a, with acu. 
of person and aec. of tiling ; pacem deum, Liv. ; 
b, followed by ut and the subj., Liv. ; 2, to 
honour; Phoebum, Ov. 

adp, v. under app. 

adq, v. under acq. 

adr, v. under arr. 

adrado -rasi -rasum, 3. to scrape, shave; 
adrasum quendam, Hor. 

Adramytteum -i, n. CASpafivrmoi'), town 
on the coast of Mysia, not far from the foot of 
Mount Ida (now Adramiti or Edremit). Heuue 
Adramyttenus -i, m. a native of Adramyt- 
teum. 

AdrastUS -i, m. ("ASpao-To?), king of Argos, 
father-in-law of Polynices and 1'ydeus, one of the 
Seven against Thebes, and the only one who es- 
caped, aftenvards one of those who destroyed Thebes 
in Clie war of the Epigoni. Adj., Adrasteus 
-a -urn. 

Adria = Hadria (q.v.). 
Adrumetum (Hadrumetum) -i, n. town on 
the coast of the Roman province of Africa. 
ads, v. under ass. 
adsc, v. under asc. 
adsp, v. under asp. 
adst, v. under ast. 
adt, v. under att. 

Adiiatiici -orum, in. people in Gallia Bel- 
gica, in modern South Brabant, Caes. 

adulatio -onis, f. I. fawning (of dogs), 
Cic. II. cringing, flattery, Cic., Liv. ; so of 
oriental prostration, humi jaccntium adula- 
tiones, Liv. ; used with adversus or in and the 
ace. ; adversus superiores, Tac. ; patruni in 
Augustum, Tac. 

adulator -oris, m. a base flatterer, Suet. 

adulatorius -a -urn, flattering; dedecus, 
Tac. 

adulescens, etc., v. adolescens. 

adulo, 1. to fawn; piunata cauda nostrum 
adulat sauguiiiein, wipes off our blood fawningly 
(of a dog), Lucr. 

adulor, 1. dep. A. Lit., to fawn (of dogs and 
other animals) ; ferae adulantes, Ov. B. Transf., 
1, to greet with servile prostrations ; more adulan- 
tiuiu procumbere, Liv. ; 2, to flatter, to cringe 
before; a, with aec, oiuues, Cic. ; plebem, Liv. ; 
fortunam alterius, Cic; b, with dat., plebi, 
Liv. ; c, absol., aperte adulans, Cic. 

adulter -Sri, ni., adultera -ae, f. an adul- 
terer, adulteress. I. Subst., sororis, Cic ; in 
nepti Augusti, Tac. ; Dardanius adulter, Paris, 
Verg. ; Laeaena adultera, Helen, Hor. ; poet., 
<x gallant, Hor. II. Adj., adulterous; virgo, Ov. ; 
crines, the locks of an adulterer, Hor. ; mens, Ov. ; 
clavis, Ov. 

adulterinus -a -urn (adulter), 1, adulterous, 
Plin. ; 2, not genuine, forged; nummus, Cic; 
Bignum, a forged seal, Cic. ; clavis, a double key, 
Sail. 

adulterium -li, n. adultery; in adulterio 
deprehendi. Cic ; Mutiliae, adultery with, Tac. 

adultero, 1. I. Intrans., to commit adultery, 
Cic II. Trans., A. Of annuals, adulteretur et 
columba miluo, let the kite wed the dove, Hor. ; 



adv 



adulteratus nidus (of a nest where the cuckoo 
has laid its eggs), Plin. B. Transf., to falsify, 
corrupt; jus civile pecunia, Cic; faciem arte 
(of Proteus), changes his form, Ov. 

adultUS -a -uiu, p. adj. with coinpar. (ado- 
lesco). I. grown up, adult; virgo, Cic Plur. 
subst., adulti, adults, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of 
time, puer aetate adulta, near manhood, Cic. ; 
acstas, midsummer, Sail., Tac. B. Fig., of growth ; 
1, in power, Athenae, Cic ; pestis (of Catiliua), 
Cic ; Parthi nondum adulti, Tac. ; 2, of mental 
development, populus, Cic. 

adumbratim, adv. in outline, Lucr. 

adumbratio -onis, f. a sketch, Cic. 

adumbratus -a -urn, p. adj. (aduinbro), 1, 
sketched, imperfect; imago gloriae, Cic. ; adum- 
bratae intelligeutiae rerum, imperfect, confused 
notions, Cic ; 2, shadowy, unreal ; opinio, Cic. ; 
laetitia, Tac. 

adumbro, 1. to shade, esp. to sketcii, to:kelch 
in words ; fictos luctus dicendo, Cic. 

aduncitas -atis, f. a bending inwards; 
rostrorum, Cic 

aduncus -a -urn, bent inwards, crooked; 
unguis, Cic. ; nasus, an. aquiline nose, Ter. 

adurgeo, 2. to press to, or against; poet., 
to pursue closely ; aliquem remis, Hor. 

aduro -ussi -ustum, 3. to set fire to, to kindle, 
consume by burning; sine gemitu aduruntur, 
Cic. ; candente carbone sibi capillum, to singe, 
Cic. ; pauis adustus, burnt bread, Hor. ; of frost 
or wind, to nip, Verg. ; fig., of love, Venus nou 
erubescendis adurit ignibus, Hor. 

adusque = usque ad ; 1, prep, with ace 
as far as, Verg. ; 2, adv. = usque, thoroughly, 
entirely, Ov. 

adustus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (from 
aduro), burnt by the sun, brown; hominum color, 
Liv. 

advectitius -a -um, that which is brought 
from a distance, foreign; vinuin, Sail. 

advecto, 1. (intens. from advcho), to convey 
often; rei frumentariac copiam, Tac. 

advectus -iis, m. a conveying, carrying, 
Tac. 

advcho -vexi -vectum, 3. 1. to carry, bring, 
convey to a place. I. Act., frumentmn ex agris 
Roniam, Cic ; ultrices unda advehit rates, Ov. ; 
frumentuni Romam, Cic. II. Pass., advelii, to be 
borne to a place (on horseback, in a chariot, on a 
ship, etc.) ; advecta classis, Verg. ; e Pompeiaiio 
navi in Lueulli hospitiuni, Cic ; citato equo in 
earn partem, Liv.; Corcyrani insulamadvehitur, 
reaches, Tac ; with dat. of person, quum tibi 
tota cognatio serraco advehatur, Cic. ; with ace 
of person, Dardanos, Verg. ; so ut quosquc ad- 
vectus erat, Tac 

advelo, 1. to draw a veil over; poet., to 
crown; tempora lauro, Verg. 

ad vena -ae, c (adveuio), 1, of men, a stranger, 
foreigner (opp. indigena), Cic. ; indigeuae adven- 
aeque, Tac. ; dei adveuae, foreign gods, Cic ; 2, 
of birds, a bird of passage; grus, Hor. ; 3, of 
things, Tibris, Ov. ; amor, love for a foreigner, 
Ov. 

advenio -vein' -veutuin, i. to come to. A. 
Lit., 1, of men, advenis modo? Cic. ; exHyper- 
boraeisDelphos.Cic; in provinciam belli gerendi 
causa, Cic. ; with ace. only, Tvriam urbeiu, 
Verg. ; with dat., Tac. ; 2, of things, esp. of 
chips, a quibus adveniat navis Miletida sospes 
adurbem.Ov. B. Transf., 1, of time, to come; 
interea dies advenit, Cic. ; 2, of events, to 
happen, to come near, to breakout; urbi periculum 
advenit, Sail. ; morbi adyenien|-*s. Cic. ; 3. of 



adv 



16 



Aea 



Acquisitions, in come to; res sua spontc mux 
ad emu advcnit, Liv. 

advcnticius -a -inn (advenio), coming from 
without. A. Gen., outward; externus et adventi- 
ciustepor, Cic. B. Bsp., 1, coming from a foreign 
country, foreign ; auxilia, Cic. ; duetrinatransma- 
ring atqucadvcntlcia, Cic. ; 2, casual, extraordin- 
ary, accidental ; pccunia, money not inherited, Cic. 

advonto, 1. Chitons. ofadvenio), toapproaeh, 
arrive ft, Ken. with uotioti of haste; ail Italian), 
Cic ; with dat. of person, Parthis, Tac. ; in 
suuaiiliuin, Tac. ; of tilings and abstractions, 
quod fere jam tenipus adventat, Cic. 

adventor -Oris, in. (advenio), one who ar- 
rives, a visitor, Flaut. 

adventus -us, in. (advenio). I. an arrival; 
noctuniua ad urbem, Cic. ; in plur., invita- 
tiones adventusque nostrorum lioniinuni, Cic. ; 
of things, vi ris, Hor. ; in aninios et iutroitus 
imaginum, Cic. II. Transf., inalorum, Cic. 

adversarius -a -uni (ad versus), turned to- 
wards. I. Subst., adversaria -mum, n. (that 
which is always ojwn, or lying in front of one), 
a day-book, journal, memorandum; adversaria 
negligenter seribere, Cic. II. Adj., opposed, con- 
trai -;/;_witli dat., Cic. ; factio, Nep. Bubst., ad- 
versarius -li, in. adversary, rival, antagonist, 
Cic. ; plur., enemies, Cic. ; adversaria -orum, 
n. the assertions of an opponent ; adversaria ever- 
tere, Cic 

adversor, 1, dep. (adversus), to oppose, re- 
shit; absol., of persons, non adversante collega, 
Cic; of things, adversante fortuna, Cic. ; with 
dat., alicui inlestius, Cic. ; legi, Cic, Liv. ; cum 
duae causae perspicuis et evidentibus rebus ad- 
versentur, Cic. 

1. adversus -a -um, p. adj. (advertu), turned 
towards. A. Lit., fronting, oj>posite; dentts, the 
front teeth, Cic. ; adversa vulnera, wounds in the 
front, Cic. ; solem adversum iutueri, to look 
straight at the sun, Cic. ; ad versos concitare 
equos, to ride towards, Liv. ; adversis hostibus 
ocenrrcre, to meet the enemy, Caes. ; adverso colic, 
on the front of the hill, Caes. ; adverso fiuniine, 
against the stream, Caes. ; veuti adversi, contrary 
winds, Liv. ; with prep., in adversum, ugahusi, 
Ycrg., Liv. ; ex adverso, over against, Liv. B. 
Transf, 1, of persons, opposed, adversus ali- 
cui, Cic. adverso Marte, Verg. ; adverso se- 
natu, against the will of the senate, Liv. ; 2, of 
tilings, a, unfavourable, unpropitiou* ; adversis 
auribus, Liv. ; valetudo, ill health, I.iv. ; helium, 
crwl, llor. ; proelium, unsuccessful, Caes. ; res 
advereae, Cic, fortuna adversa, Verg., misfor- 
tune: with dat., res plebi adversa, Liv.; b, 
hated, quia omnia regna adversa sunt, Sail. 
Subst., adversum -i, n, misfortune; si quid 
advent accident, Cic. 

2. adversus, adversum (adverto), op- 
posed tn. I. Adv., against; ncino adversus 
ibat, Liv. ; adversus anna ferre, Nep. II. Trep. 
with nee. A. Of direction, 1, as regards place, 
ton-ards; adversus clivuni, Caes. ; 2. of action, 
etc., against; adverauaqueui Ibatur, Liv. ; adver- 
sus rempublicam facere, Caes. ; respondere ad- 
versus ca, to a newer to, Liv. ; adversus legem, Cic. ; 
adversus quod . . . convenisset, against the agree- 
ment, Liv. ; adversus blanditias incorrnptus, Tac. ; 
munitna adversum aliqueni or aliquid, Sail. B. 
Of position, 1, as regards place, over against; 
adversus aedes publicas, Liv. ; 2, of comparison, 
quid autemesse duo prospera in tot saeclis bella 
Samnitinni adversus tot decora populi Romani, 
compared with, Liv. ; 3, of behaviour, in the 
presence of; quonam modo ine gererem adversus 
Caesarem, Cic. ; so of respect to, towards; reve- 
rimtis adversus homines, Cic. 



adverto (advorto) -verti (-vorli) -versum 
(-vorsuin), 3. to turn towards. A. agmen urbi, 
Verg.; esp. used of ships, to steer; classem in 
portum, Liv. ; pass., notae advertuntur arenae, 
tliey steer to, Verg. ; Scythicas adverUtur oras, 
Ov. B. Of the. senses and thoughts, etc., to 
direct; 1, of the senses, especially the eyes, 
luniina in quniucunque acdis partem, Ov. ; of 
the gods, malls ad vert He iitunen, direct your 
•powers t«, Verg. ; atires ad voccm, Ov. ; 2, of the 
mind, animtini, and (sometimes) nientem adver- 
tere ; a, to direct one's attention to ; aninios ad re- 
ligionetu, Lucr. ; with dat., aninios monitis, Ov., 
followed by ne and the subj., animuin animad- 
vert ant, ne quos ptfendant, take care not to, etc., 
Cic. ; absol., Cic. ; b, to perceive; aliquem in cou- 
tione stantem, Cic. ; followed by ace. and intin., 
Cic. ; or relative clause, Cic. ; with aiiimo or ani- 
mis, animisadvertite vest lis, Verg. ; c,to punish; 
in aliquem, Tac. ; d, to draw the attention o/some 
one else ; gemitus et planctus etiam inilitum 
aures oraquc advertere, roused the attention of, 
Tac. 

advesperascit -avit, 3. (impers. and in- 
cept.), evening approaches, Cic. 

advigilo, 1. to watch by, to guard. I. Lit., 
parvo nepoti, Tib. ; ad custodiam ignis, Cic. II. 
Fig., to be vigilant, Plant. 

advocatio -onis, f. ccdling to one's aid. 
I. summoning persons to advise; maxiniarum re- 
rum, on the most important points, Cic. ; frequent- 
issimae advocationes, Cic. II. Esp., 1, legal 
advice ; advocatioueni postulare, petere, dare, 
consequi, Cic ; 2, concr., the bar, Cic. 

advocatus -i, m. one who is called in to help 
in a. legal process, vmether as advocate or as wit- 
ness, Cic. 

advoco, 1. to summon, to call. I. Gen., 
contionem populi, Cic. ; aliquem in consilium, 
Cic. ; advocaread obsignandum, Cic. ; with dat., 
advocariTiegro, Ov. ; gaudiis, Hor. ; non desiderat 
fortitudo iracundiam advocatam, called to its aid, 
Cic. II. Esp., A. Legal t. t., of a judge, to ask 
the opinion of a jurist, Cic. ; of the parties to 
an action, to consult an advocate; aliquem con- 
tra aliquem, Cic. ; with dat, aliqueni sibi, 
Plant. ; absol., aderat frequens, advocabat, Cic. 
B. Of the gods, to ask for help ; deum sibi, Cat. ; 
deos, Liv. 

advolatus, abl. -u, m. a flying to, Cic poet. 

advSlo, 1. to fly to. I. Lit., of birds and 
insects, ad eas aves quae, etc., Cic. II. Transf., 
to hasten towards, to fly to; 1, of persons, absol., 
advolone an maneo, Cic. ; ad urbem, Cic. ; rostra, 
Cic. ; 2. of tilings, famamalitantiadvolatAeneae, 
flies to the ears of, Verg. 

advolvo -volvi -volutum, 3. to roll to; ro- 
bora i'ocis, to the hearth, Verg. ; ornos montibus, 
from the monntaiws, Verg. ; hence advolvi, or se 
advolvere, to throw oneself at the feet of; genibus 
alicuius, Liv. ; genua alicuius, Sail. 

advorsum, advorsus, advorto = adversum, 
adversus, adverto (q.v.). 

adytum, -i, n. (aSvrov — not to be entered). 

I. Lit., gen. in plur., the inmost and holiest 
portion nf a. temple; the shrine, Verg., Hor.; 
adytis ab im\B, from the bottom of a grave, Verg. 

II. Transf., ex adyto taraquam cordis, from the 
bottom of the heart, Lucr. 

Aeacus -i, m. (Ai'aicd?), a mythical king of 
Aegina, father of Peleus and Telamon, grandfather 
of Ajax and Achilles; after his death judge in the 
infernal regions; hence Aeacides -ae, in. a des- 
cendant of Aeacus, one of his sons; as Peleus or 
Phocus, O v. ; his grandson, Achilles,\erg. ; his greed- 
grandson, Pyrrhus (Neoptolemus), Verg. ; one of his 
remotedescendants,Pyrrhu3(kingofEinrus),'En'n.' t 



Aea 



17 



aeg 



Perseus, king of Macedonia, Verg. B. Ae&ci- 
deius-a-um; regna (Aegina), O v. C. Aeaci- 
dinus -a -um. 

Aeaee -Os, f. (Aiairj i/tjctos), the island of the 
sorceress Circe, or of Calypso ; hence Aeacus -a 
-um ; a, surname of Circe, Verg. ; Acacae artes, 
Acaea carniiua, sorceries, Ov. ; AraeusTclegonus, 
son of Circe, Prop.; b, surname of Calypso; 
puella, Frup. 

Aeas -antis, in, (Alas), a river in Greece, 
flowing by Apollonia. 

Aebura -ae, f. a town in Hispania Tarra- 
conensis, now Cuervo,, Liv. 

Aeculanum -i, n. town of the Hirpini in 
Samnium, Cic. 

aedes (aeclis) -is, f. ; originally, a building. 

1. Sing., A. a room, Plaut. B. a temple; gen., 
where the context is not clear, with the name of 
some god, or with sacra ; aedes" sacra, Cic. ; aedes 
Minervae, Cic. ; in plur., complures aedes sacrae, 
Cic. ; aedes alone, the temple of the Palatini Apollo, 
Hot. II. Plur., A. Lit., a house, Cic; aedes 
liberae, empty, Liv. B. Meton., 1, the family, 
Plaut. ; 2, Transf., a, the cells of bees, Verg. ; b, 
the chambers of the ears, the ears, Plaut. 

aedicula -ae, f . (dim. of aedes), a small build- 
ing; 1, a small temple; Victoriae, Liv. ; also o 
■niche, or shrine for the image of a god, Cic; 

2, in plur., a little house, Cic. 
nedificatio -onis, f. (aedifico), building; 1, 

Abstr., the act of building ; consilium aeditica- 
tionis, Cic. ; aedilicationem depouereorabjicere, 
to give up building, Cic. ; 2, Concr., the building 
itself; domus tua et aedificatio omnis.'Cic. 

aedif icatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of aedifi- 
catio), a small building, Cic. 

aedif loator -oris, m. (aedifico), l,abuilder, 
architect; fig., mundi, Cie. ; 2, one who has a 
passion for building, Juv. 

aedif iclum -i, n. (aedifico), a building; 
aedificia publica privata, sacra profana, Cic. ; 
opposed to inhabited houses, aedes aedifieiaque, 
Liv. ; opposed to a number of houses together, 
vicis aedificiisque incensis, Caes. ; opposed to 
the site, cujus (domus) amoenitas non aediticio 
sed silva constabat, Nep. ; opposed to a palace, 
plebis aediticiis obseratis, patentibus atriis priu- 
cipum, Liv. 

aedifico, 1. (aedes and facio). I. "Lit., tobuild, 
erect, establish; villain, porticum,domum,urbem, 
navem, hortos, Cic. II. Fig., aedilicare mund- 
um, to create, Cic; rempublieam, to frame, Cic. 

aedilicius -a -um (aedilis), relating to the 
acdiles ; munus, Cic. ; vectigal, tax paid by the 
provinces for the shoivs of the aediles, Cic. Subst., 
aedilicius -i, m. one lolto has been aulile, Cic 

aedilis -is, m. (aedes), an aedile, apublic officer 
at Ilvmewho hud thesuperintendenceoftliebuildings 
of the city, the roads, markets, theatres, dramatic 
performances, and police; under the Republic 
there were four, two aediles curules (originally 
patricians, but afterwards patricians and ple- 
beians), and two aediles plebis, or plebei, or 
plebeii L 

aedilltas -atis, f. (aedilis), the aedileship; 
aedilitate fungi, Cic 

aeditimus (aeditumus) -i, m. an old form 
of aedituus (q.v.). 

aedit liens -entis, m. = aedituus (q.v.). 

aedituus -i, in. (aed6s), the keeper or guar- 
dian of a temple, Cic. 

Aediii (Haedui) -firum, a Gallic people be- 
tween the Arar (Saone) and the Liger (Loire), 
whose chief town was Bibracte. 

Aeeta -ao, m,, and Aeetgs -ae, m. (Alijnjs), 



king of Colchis, father of Mcdta ; hence, A. Aee- 
tias -adis, f. Medea, Ov. B. Aeetine -es, f. 
Medea, Ov. C. Aeetaeus -a -um, belonging 
to Colchis; lines, Colchis, Cat. 

Acfula -ac, f., and AefvUum -i, n. tow/i 
in Uitium, north of Praenestc ; hence Acfula- 
nus -a -um, belonging to Arfnla. 

Aegae (Aegaeac, Aegeae, Aegiae) 
-arum, f. (Aiycu, Aiyeiai) 1, town in Macedonia; 
2, town in Aeolis; 3, town in Cilicia, now Castle 
of Ajas Kala. 

Aegaeon -onis, m. (Aiyaiiov), another name 
for Briarcus, Verg. ; a sea-god, Ov. 

Aegaeus -a -um (Aiyiuos), Aegnean; mare, 
the Aegacan Sea, the Archipelago, Cic. Subst., 
Aegaeum -i, n. the Aegacan Sea, Hor. 

Aegates -ium, f., and Aegatae -arum, f. 
(with or without insulae), a group of three islands 
on the west coast of Sicily, near which the decisive 
battle of the first Punic war was fought ("241 B.C.). 

aeger -gra -gram, sick, ill. A. Of physical 
illness; 1, of persons; a, of persons themselves, 
homines aegri gravi morbo, Cic. ; ex vulnere, 
Cic; pedibus, Sail.; oculis, Liv. ; manum, Tac. 
Subst., aeger -gri, m. an invalid, Cic. ; b, of 
bodies or parts of the body, corpus, Cic. ; dens, 
Mart. ; so of states regarded as bodies ; pars 
reipublicae, Cic. ; civitas, Liv. ; c, of bodily 
conditions, valetudo, Cic. ; anhelitus, Verg. ; 2, 
of plants, seges, Verg. ; 3, of things, quid in 
toto ten-arum orbe validmn, quid aegrum, un- 
sound, Tac. B. Of ailments of the mind, ill 
from any cause, love, hope, fear, sorrow, etc. ; 1, 
of persons, mortales aegri, Verg. ; aegra amans, 
Verg. ; aegra municipia, mutinous, Tac. ; animo 
magia quain eorpore aeger, Liv. ; amoie, Liv. ; 
animi, in mind, Liv. ; consilii, Sail. ; 2, of con- 
ditio"*, or relations, or abstractions, painful; 
amor, mors, Verg. ; aegris oculis, with envious 
eyes, Tac. 

Aegeus -Si, m. (Aiyeu's), king of Athens, father 
of Theseus; hence Aegldes -ae, m. Theseus, 
or any one of the descendants of Aegeus. 

Aegimurus -i, f., and Aeglmoros -i, f. 
(Alyifiovpoi and Alyipopos), an island near Car- 
thage, now Al Djamur or Zimbra. 

Aegina -ae, f. (Alyiva),au island near Athens; 
hence Aeginensis -e, belonging^ to Aegina; 
Aeginenses -ium, m. Aeginetae -arum, 
m. natives of Aegina. 

Aeginium -ii, n. (Alyiviov), town in Mace- 
donia, on the borders of Epirus, now Erkinia; 
hence Aeginienses -ium, m. tlie inhabitants 
of Aeginium. 

Aegion (Aegium) -ii, n. (Alyiov), one of the 
twelve Acliaean towns on the Corinthian Gulf, now 
Vostiza, 

aegis-idis, f. (alyi's). A.theaegis,orshield;l, 
of Jupiter, Verg.; 2, of Minerva with the Medusa's 
head, Ov. B. Transf., a protection, bulwark, Ov. 

AeglSOS -i, f. (Atyio-aos), «>i old town in 
Moesia, on the banks of the Danube, now Isacze. 

AegisthUS -i, m. (Alyio-flot), son of Thyestcs, 
murderer of Agamemnon, afterwards husband of 
Chjtcmnestra, himself murdered by Orestes, Cic. 

Aegium = Aegion (q.v.). 

Aegle, -es, f. (AiyA-rj), name of one of the 
Naiads. 

Aegooeros -otis, in. (aiyoK^t), a sign of the 
zodiac, Capricorn, Lucr. 

aegre, adv. with compar. and superl. (aeger). 
I, painfully; aegre est mini or meo animo, / am. 
grieved, Plaut. ; aegre ferre, to be distressed. II. 
1 with difficulty ; aegre divelli, aegrius depelli, 
Cic. ; 2, hardly, scarcely (by itself and with vix); 



aeg 



is 



aeq 



sc tenere, Cic, 3, unwillingly; ferra illiquid, 
Clc. ; aegre tern, foil, by ace and iulin., to take 
ate., Clc. 
aegrco, -. (aeger), <" be stefc, Lucr. 
acgrcsco, 3. (aegreo), to fall ill. I. Lit., 
Lucr. II. Transf., A. to become worse, more n'o- 
/nij; violeiitia Tumi aegrescit medendo, Verg. 
B. to be rfistorbed i« miml, to trouble ones $e{f; 
longiora Bollioltudiuo, Tac. 

acgrimonia 4a, f. (aeger), oris/, trouble of 
mind, Cic. 
aegrltudo inis. f. (aeger), sickness. I. Of 
Plaut., in.'. II. Of mind, grief; so totum 
Ldinidedere,Cic. ; aegritudine cmori, Cic. ; 
in aegritudinem incidere, Cic.; aegritudinem 
. lenire, sedare, adimere alicui, depellere, 
e, Cic. ; plur.,aegritudiues leuiorea facere, 
tic. 
aegror -oris, ni. (aeger), sickness, Lucr. 

aegrotatio -Cnis, f. (aegroto), sickness. I. Of 
body, Clc. II. Of the mind, Cic. 

aegroto, 1. (aegrotus), to be sick or ill. I. Lit., 
A. <>f the body, graviter, vehementer diuque, 
leviter, perlculose, Cie. ; of cattle, Hor. ; of 
plants, Plin. B. Of the mind, ea res ex qua 
animus aegrotat, Cic. II. Of abstractions, aegro- 
tat fiima vacillans, Lucr. 

aegrotus a -um (aeger), sick, ill; 1, in body, 
Cic. ; 2, in mind, Tex. ; of abstract things, res- 
lea, Cic. 

Aegyptus -i (Alyvnrot). A. Mytliol., m. son 
o/Betut, bivther of Dan ius. B. Geogr., f. Egypt. 
Adj., 1, Aegyptiacus -a -um ; 2, Aegyptlus 
-a -Mm, Egyptian, cic Subst., Aegyptius 
-i, in. an Egyptian, Cic 

aelinos -i, m. (mAtco;), a /Urn?, Ov. 

Aemillanus -a -11111, relating to ". gens 
• surname of Sclpio Afrioa/nus minor, 
the win "f L. Aemiliua Paulus, adopted by the 
elder fcJeipia Africanus. 

Acmilius -a -um, genu, name of one of the 

oldest and mo 1 distinguished patrician families of 

: Aemilia via, and simply Acinilia, a road 

made by tin- conttd M. Attn. Lejndus, leading from 

Arimfnum to Placentia; pons, a bridge near the 

mblieius, Juv. ; rat is, the ship in which the 

of Perseus were brought home i>y Acm. 

1'anl'js, Prop.J Indus, a gladiatorial school 

founded hy P. Aemilius Lepidus, Hor. 

Acmonia, etc., v. Haem&nia. 

acmulatio -Snls, f. (aemulor), a striving 

p to, emulation. I. In a good sense", 

1, tfep. ; gloriae, Liv. II. In a bad sense, 

jealousy, envy, ill-natured rivalry, Cic. ; plur., 

rivalries, Cic. 

aemulator -Sris, in. (aemulor), a rival; 
Catonis aemulator, an imitator, Cic. 

acmulatus -us, m. (aemulor) = acmulatio 
fo.v.> 

aemulor, I. dep. (aemulua), to rival, emu- 
late, strive I to. I. fa a good sense, all- 

quem, Nep. ; ejus Institute, Cic. ; Albanum 
Vinum, to eomr. near to, Plin. II. In a bad sense, 
i; With dat., alicui, Cic; cum aliquo, 
Liv. ; mt- I 

,i ulu3 -a -um, emulous, niinq 
Hug. I. [n a good sense. A. tit., gen. with geni- 
tive, mearum laudium, Cic ; with dut., dii I I 

ratoribusaemuli 1 Subst., 
aemulus -i, m.;ali( uius, 1 

I jus (Zenonis) 

• 'rum aeronll Stoici nominantur, Clc. B. 

f., coming near to, approaching U 
leuce, etc.); tibia tubae aemula, Hor. II. In a 
bad sense, eealcus. rivnllina ; Carthago aenmla 



imperii Rouiaui, Sail. ; aemula senectus, jealous, 
Verg. Subst., aemulus -i, in. and acmiila 
-BO, f. rial in loir, Cie. and Ov. 

Aemus - Haemus (q.v.). 

Acnarla -ae, f. a volcanic island on the west 
coast of Italy, opposite Campania (now Ischia). 

Aonca -ae, f. (Alveta), a town in Chalcidice; 
hence, Acncntcs -um, in. (AivcaTtu), inhabit- 
ants of Acnea. 

Aeneas -ae, m. (AtVeias), son of Venus and 
Anchises, hero of Vergil's Aencid, myth, ancestor 
ofthe Romans, ; Aeneae mater, Penus,Ov. ; Aeneae 
nibs, Home, Ov. ; hence A. Aeneades -ae, in. 
a tcetutant of Aeneas; a, hisson Ascaniiis, Verg. ; 
b, Avgnslus, Ov. ; plur., Aene.idae -arum, ni.J a, 
the companions of Aeneas, Verg. ; or the Trojans, 
Verg. ; h the Romans, Verg., Ov. JB. AeneiS 
-Idos, f. vergil's Aencid. C._ Aeneius -a -um, 
relating to Aeneas. D. Aenides = Aeneades. 

aeneator-oris,m.(aeneus), a trumpeter, Suet. 

aeneus and aheneus -a-um (aenum, ahen- 

um). I. Lit., 1, made of brass, copper, or bronze, 
Cic ; 2, of a bronze colour, Suet. II. Transf., 1, 
hard as metal; mums, Hor. ; 2, aeuea proles, 
the brazen age, Ov. 

Aenianes -um, ni. (Alviaves), a Greek rave in 
the south of Thessaly. 

aenigma -atis, n. (alviytia), a riddle. I. 
Quint. II. Transf., what is obscure, mystery; 
somniorum, Cie. 

aenipes (ahenipes) -pedis (aeneus and pes), 
brazen-footed, Ov. 

1. aenus (ahenus)-a-um(aes), 1, madeof brass, 
copper, or bronze, Verg. Subst., aenum -i, u. a 
brazen vessel, Verg. ; 2, firm, inexorable; maims, 
Hor. 

2. Aenus -i. I. Aenus (Aenos) -i, f. (A11/05), 
a town in Thrace, at tlic mmtth of the Ilebrus, now 
Enos; hence Acnil -oruni, m. its inhabitants. 
II. Aenus -i, m. a river between Vindelicia 
and Noricum (now the Inn). 

Aeolcs -um, in. the Aeolians, one of the chiej 
races of the Greeks, tho most important settle- 
ments of whom were in Boeotia and Lesbos; 
hence, a, Aeolicus -a -um, and b, Aeollus 
-a -11111, Aeolic, with especial reference to Sappho, 
the Lesbian poetess. 

Aeolia -ae, f. (AioAia), 1, the north part of the 
coast of Asm Minor, oi>posite to Greece, Cic; 2, 
plur., Aeoliae insulae, a group of volcanic 
islands onthe north coast of Sicily (the Lipari isles) ; 
myth, seat of. Aeolus and Vulcan. 

Aeolis -Idis, f. (At0A.1t), a part of Mysia, in 
Asia Minor, north ofthe Hermus, Liv. 

Aeolus (Aeolos) -i, m. (.-UoAos). I. son ofHel- 
len, myth, founder of the Aeolian, race. II. son 
or gramlsonof II ippotus, ruler of the Aeolian islands 
and ofthe winds. III. a Trojan, Verg. ; hence, A. 
Acolldes -ae, in. a descendant of Aeolus ; 1, ftta 
sons, Sisyphus, Ov. ; Athamas, Ov. ; Snlmonens, 
Ov. ; his grandson.-;, Cephalus, Ov. ; Ulysses, Verg. 
B. Aeolis -idos, f. female, descendant of Aeolus; 
1, his daughter;:, Canace, Ov. ; Alcyone, Ov. C. 
Aeollus -a -um, bclongingto Aeolus; 1, belong- 
Ing to Aeolus (I,); postes (of Athamas), Ov. ; 
peci '" • A tee, Mart.; 2, belonging to 

(II.); virgo, Til's daughter Arne, 6v. ; 
tyrannus, Aeolus, Ov. ; antra, the eaves where 
the winds wen kept, Ov. ; procellae, Verg. 

r-jquabllls-c (aequo), like, similar, equal; 1, 
praedae partitio, Cic. ; 2, that which is equal 
' 1 '• r. a niform, equable : aronis, Cic. ; 3, fair, 
, < ■ , mini ca jurisdictione aequabilius, Cic. ; of 
jiersons, cunetis vitae. offlciis aequabilis, Tac, ; 
in suns, affable, Tac, 



aeq 



19 



aeq 



aequabilitas -atis, f. (aequabilis), uniform- 
ity, equability ; motus, Cic. ; hence, a, juris, im- 
partiality, Cic; b, equality of political rights, 
Cic. ; c, equanimity, Cic. 

aequabiliter, adv. ■with compar. (aequa- 
bilis), equably, uniformly, fairly ; praedam disper- 
tire, Cic. ; aequabilius provinciae regentur, Tac. 

aequaevus -a -um (aequus and aevum), of 
equal age, Verg. 

aequalis -e (aequo), equal. I. level; loca, Sail. 
II. equal in height, size, etc. ; 1, corresponding to; 
with dat., pars pedis aequalis alteri parti, Cic. ; 
with inter, virtutes sunt inter se aequales et 
pares, Cic. ; 2, of tlie same age with; with dat., 
exercitus aequalis stipendiis suis, that had served 
as many campaigns as he himself, Liv.; withgenit., 
calo quidarn aeq. Hieronynii, Liv. ; of things, 
aequali corpore nymphae, of the same age and 
growth, Verg. ; with geuit., sacriticiuui aequale 
hujus urbis, contemporary with, Cic. ; with dat., 
cui (Ennio) si aequalis fuerit Livius, Liv. ; with 
genit., Philistus aequalis teinporum illorum, 
Cic; memoria aequa illius aetatis, Cic. Subst., 
aequalis -is, c. a comrade, person of the same 
aye; P. Orbius meus fere aequalis, Cic. ; 3, uni- 
form ; imber lentior aequaliorque accidens auri- 
bus, Liv. ; nihil aequale homini fuit illi, Hor. 

aequalitas -atis, f. (aequalis), 1, evenness, 
smoothness, Plin. ; 2, equality ; similitude- aequa- 
litasque verboruni (of a pun), Cic. ; paterna, 
complete harmony in thought, etc., Cic. ; equality 
of age, Cic. ; 3, equality of political privileges, Inc. 

aequaliter, adv. (aequalis), 1, evenly; collis 
ab summo aequaliter deolivis, gently sloping, 
Caes. ; 2, equally ; distribuere, Cic. ; 3, uni- 
formly; oratio aequaliter constanterque ingre- 
diens, symmetrically, Cic. 

aequanhnitas -atis, f. (aequanimus, from 
aequtis and animus), 1, impartiality, Tcr. ; 2, 
calmness, Plin. 

aequatio -onis, f. (aequo), a making equal; 
bonorum, communism, Cic. ; juris, Liv. 

aequo, adv. (aequus), in like manner, equally. 
I. 1,- duae trabes aequo longae, Caes. ; aeque 
dolere, Cic. ; with adv., aeque lubenter, Cic. ; 2, 
in comparison, just as, equally with ; a, foil, by 
et, atque, acsi, quani, quam ut, etc. ; eosdein la- 
bores non esse aeque graves imperatori ct militi, 
Cic. ; hi coluutur aeque atque illi, Cic. ; with 
cum and the abl., ut aeque mecum haec scias, 
Plaut. ; with abl. alone, Plant. ; with compar., 
homo me miserior nullus est aeque, Plaut. ; b, 
when the object of the comparison is to be under- 
stood, pauci quibuscuin essem aeque libenter 
(sc. ac tecum), Cic. II. fairly, justly; societa- 
tem conditiouis humauae munilice et aeque 
tuens, Cic. 

Aequi (Aequiciili, Aequicoli, Aequi- 

culani) -orum, m. a people ui Lalium, with 
whom the Romans waged frequent wars ; hence, 
a^ Aequicus -a -um, Aequian; b, Aequi- 
culus -a -um, Aequian. 

aequxlibritas -atis, f. the equal distribution 
of natural forces = icrovofiCa, Cic. 

Aequimaelium -li, n. an open space in Rome, 
on ihe'west side of the Capitol, where the cattle for 
the sacrifices were kept, Cic. 

aequinoctialis -e (aequinoetium), equinoc- 
iial, relating to the equinox, Cat. 

aequfriootlum -li, n. (aequus and uox), the 
equinox, Cic. 

a6quiparo (a6quipero), L (aequus and 
paro), 1, to compare; with ad and the ace, Mias 
virtutes ad tuas, Plaut. ; with dat. , mari tranquillo 
QuodYentisconcitatur multitudineni Af'tolorum, 



i aliquem, Liv. ; 
solum Bed voce niagistrum, Verg. 

aequitas -atis, f. (aequus}, 1, uniformity, 
symmetry; membroruni, Suet.; 2, equanimity 
(witli or without animi), Cic. ; 3, impartiality^ 
equity, fairness, justice; causae, Cic. ; cuuditio- 
uum, Caes. ; servare aequitatem, Cic. 

aequo, 1 . (aequus). I. tomakc level; locum, 
Caes. ; aequata agri planities.Cic ; aequare frontem, 
milit. t.t., to form a line, Liv. II. to make equal 
with something else. A. 1, to distribute equally; 
sortes, to shake up the lots, Cic. ; pecunias, Cic. ; 
aequato omnium periculo, Cic. ; 2, to make tilings 
of different kind eipial ; a, of height, solo, to level 
with the ground, Suet. ; tig., solo aequandae sunt 
dictaturae consulatusque, must be abolished, Liv. ; 
machina aequata caelo, as high as the luacens, 
Verg. ; rig., aliquem caelo laudibus, to extol to the 
heavens, Verg. ; b, of number, qui (libri) se jam 
illis aequarunt, Cic. ; per somuum vinumque 
dies noctibus, to turn day into night by sleeping 
and drinking, Liv. ; nocti ludum, to spend the 
whole night in play, Verg. ; c, of rights, to make 
equal ; invention est temperamentum quo tenui- 
ores cum priucipibus aequari seputarent, Cic; 
d, to compare ; Haunibali Philippum, Liv. B. 
to equal, to come up to ;' Aypii odium, Liv.; sagitta 
aequans ventos, Verg. ; aliquem passibus, Verg. ; 
aliquein equestri gloria, Liv. 

aequor -5ris, n. (aequus), aflat surface. I, 
Gen. , speculorum, Lucr. II. Esp., 1, thejlat sur- 
face ofaplain(\vith campi), camporum patentium 
aequor, Cic. ; poet, (without campi), immeusum 
aequor, of a desert, Verg. ; 2, poet., the fiat sur- 
face of the sea, the sea ; with ponti or maris, vastum 
maris aequor, Verg. ; oftener without maris, 
etc., Ionium, Lucr. ; vastum, Verg. ; plur., saeva 
aequora Vers. ; meton., the sea-water in a ship ; 
aequor refundere in aequor, Ov. ; rarely, the sur- 
face of a river, as the Tiber, Verg. 

aequoreus -a -um (aequor), belonging to 
the sea; genus, fishes, Verg.; rex, Neptune, Ov. ; 
Britanui, sea-girt, Ov. ; Achilles, a son ofTlietis, 
Lucan. 

aequus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
super), equal. I. equal in itself. A. Lit., 1, 
of the surface of the ground, level; aequus 
et planus locus, Cic. ; ex aequo loco loqui, 
to speak in the senate (opp. to ex inferiore loco, 
in the presence of the judges, and exsuperiore loco, 
in, the presence of the people), Cic; ex superiore 
et ex aequo loco sermones habitos, public and pri- 
vate conversations, Cic. Neut. subst., aequum 
-i, n. level ground; facile in aequo campi victo- 
riain fore, Liv. ; 2, of other things, level ; aequa 
frons. milit. t.t., a straight line, Liv. B. Transf., 
1, of places, favourable, advantageous ; locum 
se aequum ad dirnicandum dedisse, Caes. ; et 
tempore et loco aequo instructos, Liv. ; 2, of 
character, quiet, contented; concedo et quod ani- 
mus aequus est et quia necesse est, Cic ; aequam 
rebus in arduis servare mentem, Hor. ; esp. in 
tho phrase aequo animo, patiently, with resigna- 
tion; pati or ferre with ace, and ace. with 
inriu., Cic. ; tolerare, Sail. ; accipere, Sall v ; spect- 
are, Cic. ; animo aequissimo mori,Cic. ; in plur., 
animis lubentibus aut aequis aliquid remittere, 
Cic. II. equal to something else. A. Lit., equal, 
in breadth, height, etc. ; aequo ftrespatio abesse, 
Caes. ; sequitur patrem non passibus aequis, 
with shorter steps, Verg. ; urbs nubibus aequa, as 
high as the clouds, Ov. ; acquis portionibus or 
pensiunfbus (equal payments), dare, solvere, etc., 
Liv. ; foil, by atque, quam, cum ; aequo et pari 
cum civibus jure vivere, Cic; qunm aequam 
partem tibi 6umpseris atque populo Romano 
miseris.Cie. B.Transf.,1, in aequa laudeponere, 
Cic ,i aequa pugna. an indecisive battle, Liv. ; SO 



aer 



20 



.Aea 



aequo proelio or inarte diseedere, to fight an inde- 
cislvebatl , i aes. ; bo aequa manu, or acquis mani- 
Ims, Ta<\ and Liv. ; adv., ex aequo, tonally; sol 
ex aequo mots dlstabHt utraquo, was equally dis- 
'■•».!. Ov. ; 2, of behaviour, etc., ttrucd, impartial ; 
n, ■■! |m'i.-..iis, fair; Be alicui aequum praebero, 
< if, : praetor, .judex, testis, Cic. ; b, of tilings, 
judii ia, cic ; lex, Cio. : aeouum est, it is just ; 
with theauc.and hiHii. , aequum essoeumot officio 
in i'o i ■on Mil. Tret tempori, Cic. Subst., acquum 
• i, ii. fairness; quid in jure (strict law) nut in 
aequo (equity) veruni ant essct aut non esse!, 
Cic. ; per aequa per iniqua, by fair means or foul, 
Liv. ; graviua aequo, thanisright, Sail.; acquum 
et bonum, what is right, jit ; reus magis ex bono 
aequoque quam ex jure gentium Bomilcar, Sail.; 
;is a legal formula, quod or quantum aequius 
melius, as is more equitable, Cic. ; soaequi bonique 
faeere aliquid, not to find fault with, Cic. ; 3, 
favourable to others, propitious; nobilitate in- 
imiea, non aequo senatu, Cic. ; non aequa Pallas, 
V( rg. ; minus acquis animis auditus est Seipio, 
Liv. ; meia aequissimis utuntur anribus, / liear 
them with the greatest pleasure, Cie. ; with dat., 
aequa Venus Teucris, Ov. ; ipsis est aer avibus 
non aequus, harmful to, Verg. Plur. subst., 
acqul, friends in the phrase aequi iniquique, 
friends and enemies, Cic. 

aer, aejis, in. (<ujp), the lower air, the atmo- 
sphere around us ; crassus, Cic. ; purus et tenuis, 
Cic ; temperatus, Cie. ; aer suminus arboris, 
the airy summit of a tree, Verg. ; aere septus 
obscuro, surrounded by a cloud, Verg. 

aera -ae, f. (atpa), o ■■' growing among 
grain, darnel, tares, Din. 

aeramentum -i, n, bronze or copper hare, 
Plin. 

aeraria -ae, f., v. aerarius, I. B. 2. 

aerarium -ii, n., v. aerarius, II. B. 2. 

aerarius -li, m.(ae3). L belonging to brassor 
coi<per. A. Adj., lapis, copper, Pliu. ; Btructnrae, 
copper mines, Caes. B. Subst., 1, aerarius -ii, 
m. a worker in bwss, Plin. ; 2, aeraria -ae, f. 
smelting-worte, Plin. TL belonging to money. 
A. Adj., ratio, standard of the copper coinage, 
Cic; milites, mercenaries, Varr.; ilia vctus 
aeraria fabula, the old tale about the copper coin 
that Vettius gave to Clodia, Cic. B. Subst., 1, 
aerarius -ii, in. gen. in plur., aerarii, the citi- 
zens of the lowest class in Rome, who hod no votes, 
but had to pay a certain gum for the expenses of 
the state, a class to which citizens of the higher 
ranks might be degraded by the censors for 
punishment ; aliquem aerarium faeere, to de- 
grade, Liv.; aliquem in aerarios referri jubere, 
Cic. ; 2, aerarium -Ii, n. a, We exchequer, 
treasury, at Kome, under or behind the temple of 
Saturn, where the treasures and archives of the 
state were kept; peenniam in aerarium referre, 
inferre, defcrre, redigerc, Cic. ; decreta patrum 
ad aerarium deferre, Tnc. ; ineton., the money la- 
the treasury, Cic. ; b, any public treasury, Cic. 

aeratus -a -urn (aes), I. 1, covered or fitted 
with brass or bronze; navis, Caes. ; lecti, with 
bronze feet, Cic. ; poet., acie", an armed line of 
rroopt, Verg. ; 2, provided with non •- rich, tri- 
buDi non tarn aerati, quam ut uppellantur aerarii 
Cwith a play on the words, vide aerarius II. B. 
1), Cic. II. made of brass or bronze : securis, 
Verg. ; transf., as firm as brass ; nodi, Prop. 

aereus -a -um (aes), 1, mode of brass or cop- 
per, sigrta aerea et marmorea, Liv. ; 2, covered 
with brass ; puppis, Verg. 

aerifer -ffira -Rrum (aes and fero), bearing 
brazen cymbals, Ov. 

aeriflce, adv. (aes and facio), skilfully (of 
work in brass). Varr, 



aerfnus -a -um (aiptros), made of darnel ut 
tare-i, Plin. 

acripos -pSdis (aes and pes), brazen-footed, 
Verg., dv. 

acrius (fu'reiis) -a -urn (aer), 1, belonging In 
tin- air, airy; alterum (animantiuni genus), pen- 
uigeruni et acrium, tiring in the air, Cic. ; 
domus, the heavens, Hor. ; aerias vias carpere, tn 
fly through the air, Ov. ; niel (from the belief 
that honey fell in dew from the sky), Verg. ; 2, 
high in the air, lofty; Alpes, Verg. 

aero -onis, a wicker basket, riin. 

Aerope -es, f. and Acrdpa -ae, f. ('AepoTn)), 
mother of Agamemnon and ilenelaus. 

aerosus-a -um (aes), rich in copper; aurum, 
mixed with copjicr, Plin. 

aeruginosas -a -um (aerugo), covered with 
verdigris or copper-rust, Sen. 

aerugo -inis, f. (aes). I. A. the rust of copper, 
verdigris, Cic. B. Jleton. = rusty money, Juv. 
II. Transf., 1, envy, Hor. ; 2, avarice, Ilov. 

aerumna -ac, f. hard labour, toil, hardship; 
Hcrculis perpeti aerumnas, Cic. 

aerumnabills -e (aerumna), calamitous, 
pitiable, Lucr. 

aerumnosus -a -um (aevunma), full of hard- 
ship and calamity ; Regulus, Cic. 

aes, aeris, n. copper. I. Lit., copper ore, and 
the alloy of copper, brass, or bronze; pedestrisex 
aere statua, Cic. ; poet., of the brazen age, ut 
inquinavitaerelempusaureum, Hor. II. Meton., 
something made of bronze, etc. A. Gen. (esp. 
in poets), ft vessel, statue, etc., made of bronze, 
etc. ; aes cavum, kettle, Ov. ; aera acre repulsa, 
cymbals, Ov. ; Corybantia, cymbals used in the 
service of Cybele, Verg. ; ejus aera refigere, the 
brazen tabids on. which the laws icerc engraved, 
Cic. ; aes publicum, public inscriptions, Tac. ; 
aere ciere viros, with the trumpet, Verg. ; dempto 
aere, the helmet, Ov. B. Esp. money, 1 5 copper or 
brass money ; aes grave, (7was(ofa pound weight), 
which was weighed instead of couuted ; denis 
inillibus aeris gravis rcos condenmavit, Liv. ; 
quinquaguita millia aeris (for assium), Liv. ; 
argentuiu acre solutum est, three-fourths of the 
debts were remitted- by payment of a (copper) as for 
a (silver) sesterce, Sail. ; small change (ef. Engl., 
coppers); aera dabant olim, Ov. ; 2, money gene- 
rally, gravis aere dextra, Verg. ; pueri qui non- 
dam aere lavantur (= boys under four years, who 
use the baths without paying), Juv. ; esp., a, aes 
meuin, my property; est aliquis in meo aere, he 
is bound to me, Cic. ; aes alienum, debt; faeere, 
contrahere, in aes alienum incidere, esse in aere 
alieno, Cic; solvere, Cic; so aes mutuuin, 
Sail.; b, pay, Juv.; esp. soldiers' pay; aera 
inilitibUB eonstituere, dare, Liv. ; c, aes cir- 
CUmforaneum, money borrowed from the money- 
changers, who had their booths round the forum, 
Cic. ; 3, plur., aera, counters, Cic. 

AeSacOS and AcsacUS -i, m. (AiVaicos), 80)1 

of Priam, husband of Astcrope or Uesperia. 

Aesar -Uris, n. a river in Bruttii, novEsaro; 
hence adj., Aesarcus -a -um, belonging to the 

river .[far. 

Aesolunes -is and -i, in. (Aio^'vijOi I. °" 

Athenian philosopher, disciple of Socrates. II. as 
Keapolita p, philosopher, pupil of Carneades. Ill, 
the celebrated Athenian orator, opponent of Demos- 
thenes. IV. an orator of Miletus, contemporary 
with Cicero. 

Aeschylus -i, in. (Aio-x^Ao?). I. an Athenian 
tragic poet (born about a.c. 025) ; hence Aeschy- 
leus -a -um, belonging to Aeschylus ; cothurnus, 
Prop. II. a rhetorician of Cnidos, contemporary 
with Cicero. 



Aes 



21 



aet 



Aesciilapium -Ii,n. a temple oj Aesculapius. 

Aesculapius -ii, m. ('Acr/cA^n-idt), the god of 
medicine, son of Apollo and Coronis, worshipped 
at Epidaurus, 

aesculetum -i, n, (aesculus), an oak forest, 
Hoi-. 

aesculeus -a -am (aesculus), relating to the 
winter oak, Ov. 

aesculus -i, f. the winter or Italian oak, 
Verg. 

Aesernia -ae, f. town in Samnium, now 
Isernia ; hence Aesermnus -a -urn, belonging 
to Aesernia; surname of M. Marcellus, who was 
taken prisoner at Aesernia; name of a celebrated 
gladiator, Cic. 

• AesiS -is, m. river in Picentnn, now Esino or 
Fiumesino ; hence adj., Aesinas -atis. 

Aeson -6nis, m. (Aicruv), a Thjssalian prince, 
father of Jason ; hence, a, Aesdnides -ae, m. 
a descendant of Aeson (Jason), Prop. ; b, Aeso- 
UlUS -a -um, relating to Aeson; heros, Jason, 
Ov. 

Aesopus -i, m. (Aiaion-os). -I. a celebrated 
Greek fabulist of Phrygia, supposed to have lived 
in the 6th cent. b.c. II. Claudius (Clodius) Aeso- 
pus, a tragic actor in Rome, contemporary and 
friend of Cicero. 

aestas -atis, f. (connected with di.0u> = to 
burn, and aestus), summer. I. Lit., ineunte, Cic. ; 
nova, at the beginning of summer, Verg. ; media, 
Cic. ; adulta, tac. ; summit, Cic. ; exacts, at the 
end of, Ball.; esp. used of the summer as the time 
for military operations; unis litteris totius aes- 
tatis (summer campaign) res gestas ad senatum 
perscrihere, Cic. ; so quae duabus aestatibus 
gesta, Tac. II. Meton., clear summer weather, 
Verg. ; summer heat, Hor. 

aestifer -fera -ferum (aestus and fero), heat- 
bringing, Verg. ; ignis, Lucr. 

aestlmabliis -e (aestimo), valuable, Cic. 

aestimatio -onis, f. (aestimo). I. Lit., an a;)- 
praising according to value in money ; aequam 
aestimationem facere, Caes. ; census, the valua- 
tion of the census, Cic. ; frumenti, valuation of 
the corn, allowance for the governor of a 
province, or the amount to be paid by the ara- 
tores of the province instead of this allowance, 
Cic. ; litis, assessment of damages, Cic. ; so, 
multae, Liv. ; possessions, valuation of pro- 
perty, Cic. ; praediainaestiniatione ab aliquo ac- 
cipere, to take estates at tlie higher valuation that 
prevailcdbefore the civil war, Cic. II. Transf., 1, 
the valuation of a thing, a person, according to 
its true value ; honoris, Liv. ; 2, as a philosoph. 
t. t. (Gr. a£t'a), propria aestimatio virtutis, the 
absolute worth of virtue, Cic. 

aestimator -oris, m. (aestimo), 1, one who 
estimates, an appraiser; frumenti, Cic; 2, one 
who values a thing according to its worth; lidei, 
Liv. 

aestimatus -us, m. = aestimatio (q.v.). 

aestimo (aestumo), 1. (aes), to appraise, 
estimate the value ofanything. I. to estimate pecuni- 
ary value ; frumentum (vid. aestimatio frumenti), 
Cic; with abl. or gen., of value; aliquid terms 
denariis, Cic. ; ufc liceat, quanti quisque velit, 
tanti aestimet, Cic; witli adv., tenuissime, at 
a very low rate, Cic ; with ex and abl., aliquid 
ex nrtiflcio, according to the standard of work- 
manship, Cic ; litem alicui or alicuius, legal 
1. 1., to assess tlie damages in a law-suit, Cic. ; 
pugnatum est ut lis haec capitis aestimaretur, 
should be field a capital charge, Cic II. In a 
wider sense, 1, to value according to any standard; 
with abl. or gen., inagno, Cic ; niagni, Cic. ; 
with adv., cariue, Cic. ; leviustempestatis quam 



classis periculum, Caes. ; with ex and abl., vul- 
gus ex veiitate pauca, ex opinione multa aesti- 
mat, Cic. ; virtutemannis, Hor. ; satis aestimare, 
to estimate at full value, with ace. and infill., Tac. ; 
2, to judge, sicuti ego aestimo, Sail. 

aestiva -drum, n., v. aestivus. 

aestlve, adv. (aestivus), as in summer, Plant. 

aestivo, 1. (aestivus), to pass the summer, 
Plin. 

aestivus -a -um (aestus), relating to summer ; 
tempora, Cic. ; aura, Hor. ; saltus, summer pas- 
turage of cattle, Liv. ; aurum, the gold ring of the 
military tribunes, worn for six montlis, Juv. ; 
aestivum tonat, itjhunders as in summer, Juv. 
Plur. subst, aestiva -orum, n. ; a, (sc. castra), 
a summer camp, Cic. ; meton. (because the an- 
cients generally waged war only in the summer), 
a campaign, Cic ; b, summer pastures for cattle, 
Varr. ; meton., the cattle in summer jxistures, Verg. 

aestuarium -ii, n. (aestus). 1, low ground 
covered by the sea at high water, morass; itinera 
aestuariis concisa, Caes. ; 2, a firth, creek, or 
part of the river up which tlie tide flows ; in 
aestuario Tamesae, Tac. 

aestiio, 1. (aestus), to boil, to be Iwt. I. Of fire, 
aestuat ignis, Verg. ; or the results of fire ; ventis 
pulsa aestuat arbor, is heated, Lucr. ; si dixeris 
"aestuo " (/ am warm) sudat, Juv. II. A, Lit., 
of liquids, to boil, or (of the sea) to rage ; gurges 
aestuat, Verg. B. Pig., of the passions, to be in- 
flamed or excited; ut desiderio te nostri aestuare 
putarem, Cic ; nobilitasinvidiaaestuabat, Sail.; 
so of love, rex in ilia aestuat, burns with love for, 
Ov. ; aestuabat dubitatione, Cic. 

aestuose, adv. with compar. (aestuosus), 
hotly, Hor. 
aest 1 io«us -a -um, adj. with superb (aestus), 

I, hot; via, Cic. ; 2, agitated; freta, Hor. 

aestus -us, m. (alOu). I. heat; 1, of fire, 
propiusque aestus incendia volvunt, Verg. ; 2, 
of the sun, raeridiei aestus, Liv. ; plur., hut days, 
Verg. ; 3, of fever, aestu febrique jactari, Cic. 

II. 1, seething and raging, of the sea; ferventes 
aestibus undae, Ov. ; minuente aestu, the storm 
lessenijig, Caes. ; 2, Transf., a, rage ; civilis belli, 
Hor. ; of love, pectoris, Ov. ; b, fervour; ne 
aestus nos consuetudinis absorbent, Cic. ; c, un- 
rest, anxiety ; qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tene- 
braeerant, Cic ; magno curarum fluctuat aestu, 
Verg. 

aetas -atis, f. (contr. from aevitas, from ae- 
vum),fl(/e. I.A.lifetime; a, breve tempusaetatis, 
Cic. ; aetatem agere, degere, conterere, consu- 
mere, Cic. ; aetas mea, tua = /, you, Plant. ; b, 
a generation (gen., 30 years ; sometimes, in poets, 
100) ; tertiam jairi aetatem hominuin vivebat, 
Cic. B. tlie age of a man; 1, Lit., a, Alius id aeta- 
tis,o/</iatar;e,Cic.; sometimes, youth; qui aliquid 
formae aetatis artiliciique habebant, Cic. ; earns 
eris Romae donee te deseret aetas, Hor. ; some- 
times, old age ; nusquam tantum tribuitur aetati, 
nusquam senectus est honoratior, Cic ; some- 
times, mmihood; in aetatem pervenire, Liv.; b, 
with narrower meaning, iniens aetas, youth, Cic. ; 
so llos aetatis, bona aetas, Cic. ; ad petendum (ma- 
gistratum) logitima aetas, Cic. ; aetas militaris, 
the seventeenth year, Sail. ; qnaestoria, the twenty- 
fifth, Quint. ; senatoria, the twenty fifth, Tac. ; con- 
sularis, the forty-third, Cic. ; adulta, Cic. ; ingra- 
vescens, Cic ; acstute jam alfecta,/ar advanced in, 
years, Cic. ; 2, Meton., the )>ersons of a part iculur 
age; vestra, Cic. ; puerilis, boys, Cic. ; senilis, old 
men, Cic. II. the time at which a person lives; 
clarissimns imperator suae aetatis, Liv. ; 1, nostra 
aetas, the men of our time, Liv. ; verborum vetus 
aetas, obsolete words, Hor. ; 2, used gen. for time ; 
aurea, the golden age, Ov. ; ouinia fert aetas, Verg. 



aet 



22 



aff 



actatiila -ao,f. (dim. of aetas), youthful age ; 
prima ilia uetatula sua, ClC. 

actcrnltas -Stfa, f. (aeternus). I. eternity; 
ex o:nui leteroitate veruui esse, cic II. a, im- 
mortality; animoruni, Cic ; allcnl aetornitatcni 
liiunortalitatemque donare, Cic; b, in imperial 
. a title of the Emperor, similar to majestas, 
dlvinitaa, etc, Plin. 

aetorno, 1. (aeternus), to make eternal, to 
immortalize, Hor. 

aeternus -a -nm, adj. with rompar. (eontr. 
from aevitcrnus), eternal, immortal. I. dous, Cic. 
IL everlasting, lasting, undying; bellurn, Cic; 
orbs, Bomet Tib. ; amorc aoterno, Cic; in 
aetTiiiini, /or ever, Liv. ; so acternum, Verg.; 
aeterno, everlastingly, Plin.; neut. plur. subst., 
aeterna molbi, to do deathless deeds, Cic 

aetlter-ena,acc. •"ra.in. (a'.flijp). l.A.thevpper 
air, Cic. ; poet., heaven ; Jnppiteraethere Rummo 
■ us, Vcrg. ; meton., the gods; oneravit ae- 
tliera votis, Verg. B. Poet. (=aer), thelowerair; 
verberareaetherapeunis, Verg. ; the upper world 
wd to the infernal regions); aethere in 
alto, Verg. II. Proper name. Aether, son of 
£rebusand Night, identified with Jupiter. 

aetherius (aethereus) -a -nm (aifle'pio?). 

I. ethereal, relating to the ether; natura, Cic. ; 
Bap., relating to the heavens as tht abode of the gods, 

■''/; domus, heaven, Hor.; ignes, heavenly 
nation, Ov. 1 ; equi, the horses of the sun, Ov. 

II. 1, belonging to Vie air; aqua, rain, Ov, ; 2, 
belonging to the upper world (as opposed to the 
lower world); resei aura aetheria, to live, Verg. 

Aethlopes -nm, ace -as, m. (A18ioir«J, the 
inhabitants of Aethiojiia, Cic. ; sing., Aethioi; - 
, m. a black man, Juv. ; cum stipitc 
A. thiope, stupid, C i < • . ; hence, 1, Aethiopia -ae, 
f. in wider sense, all the land to the south of the 
world as known to the ancients; in narrow sense, 
tht country south of Egypt; 2, Aothiopicus -a 
-nm, Acthiopian; 3, Aethiopis -idis, to plant, 
a kind of sage, Plin. 

1. Acthra -ae, f. (MBpn). I. daughter of king 

U of Troexen, mother of Theseus hy Acgeus. 
II. daughter ofOceanus, mother of the llyadcs and 
of llyas. 

2. aethra -ae, f. (cuSpa), the upper air, the 
clear sky, Verg, 

Aetna -ae, f. (Aim)). I. Aetna, a volcano in 
Sicily, according to one legend, the mountain t hat 
Jupiter cast on the giant Typhoeus (or Typhon), 
or Enceladns ; so proverb, onus Aetna gravius, 
Cic. ; according to another legend, the interior 
wai t lie workshop of Vulcan and the Cyclopes, 
wlici there forged Jupiter's thunderbolts ; 
hence Aetnacua -a -um, belonging to Aetna; 
ti itre8, the Cyclopes, Verg. ; pastor, Me Cyclops 
Polyphemus, Ov. ; meton., tellus, Sicily, Ov. II. 
a tenvn at the foot of Mount Aetna, also called 
Innesa; hence Aetncnsis -e, belonging to the 
town of A>: 

Aotoli -Ornm, ni. (AItwAoi'), the Aetolians, tlie 
inhabitants of A etalia. Adj. Aetolus -a -nm, 
Aetolian • plagae (alluding to Meleager and the 
hunt of the Caiydoiiian boar), Hor.; anna, CUSpis 
(of the Aetolian Diomcdes), Verg. ; in Is orArpi, 
a town in Apulia, said CO have been founded 
by Dioniedes, Verg. ; hence, 1, Actolia -ae, 
f. Aetolin, a country in the west of Greece, 
between Uzolian Locris and Acornanio ; 2, 
Aetolicus -a -nm, Aetolian; helium, Liv.; 
3, Aetolis -Mis, f. an Aetolian woman, 
Deianiia, daughter of Oeneus king of Aetolia, 
Ov. ; 4, Aetolius -a -um, hcros, Diomedes, 
Ov. 

aevftas -Stis, f. old form of aetas. 



aevum-i,n. (a'lur). I. eternity; iuaevwm, for 
ever, llor. II. lime. A. 1, time of life ; degerc, 
ClC ; perbrevis aevi Cartliaginein esse, Liv. ; 2, 
a generation (thirty years); ter aevo functus, 
Hor. ; 3, «ge ; a, flos aevi, youth, Lucr.; integer 
aevi, in the bloom of youth, Verg. ; prinio exstin- 
gni in aevo, in early youth, Ov. ; b, esp., of old 
age, aevo macieqne senescuut, Lncr. ; aevi ma- 
twua, far advanced in years, Verg, B. 1, time at 
which a person, is living; omnis aevi clari viri, 
of every age, Liv. ; 2, time in gen., vcteris lion 
inscins aevi, Ov. 

Afcr, v. Afti. 

affabilis -e, adj. with comptfr. (afTor), easy 
to be spoken to, affable ; in oinni sermone affabileiu 
et jucundum esse velle, Cic. 

affabilitas -atis, f. (affabilis), affability; 
comitas affabilitasque sermonis, Cic. 

aftabre, adv. (ad and fa her), in a. workman- 
like way, skilfully ; factus, Cic. 

affatim, adv. (ad ami fatirn), sufficiently, 
enough ; sat isfaeere alicui, Cic. Subst. with 
genii., copiaruin affatim esse, Liv. 

affatus -Via, m. (aflbr), an address, speech, 
accosting, Verg. 

affcctatie -onis, f. (affecto), a violent desire 
and striving; quietis, Tac; Germanicae origi- 
nis, eagerness to pass for Germans, Tac 

affectator -oris, m. (atfecto), one who strives 
after anything, Quint. 

affectatus -a -tun, p. adj. (affecto), in rhet., 
elaborate, studied, Quint. 

affectio -onis, f. (afticio). I. Active, influ- 
nce ; praescnl is luali sapicntis affectio nulla est, 
the wise man is not affected by evil, Cic. II. 
Passive, condition ; 1, relation ; quaedam ad res 
aliquas affectio, Cic. ; 2, state; caeli, Cic; 3, 
condition ; a, of the body, firnia corporis affectio, 
good health, Cic. ; b. of the mind, with or with- 
out animi, favourable disposition of the mind, 
Cic. ; nulla affectione animi, without predilection, 
Tac. 

affecto (adfecto), 1. (officio). I. to grasp; 
nbi nulla daturdextra affectare (navem) potes- 
tas, Verg. ; viam, to aim after, Plant. ; earn rem, 
to meddle with, Liv. ; regnum, to obtain, Liv. 
II. to strive after; 1, munditiam, non afllu- 
entiain, Nep. ; spes potiendae Africae, to enter- 
tain hopes, Liv. ; licllum Hernicum, to try to get 
the command of the war, etc, Liv. ; imperium, 
Liv. ; 2, to affect ; in verbis effnsiorem cultum, 
Quint. 

1. affectus -us, m. (afticio), a condition, dis- 
position; of the mind, 1, animi, Cic; ab- 
sol., feeling; veri affectus, Tac; 2, emotions', 
passions; anions, avaritiae, inetus, Quint.; 
desire, Tnc. ; 3, affection, Plin. 

2. affectus -a -nm, p. adj. with supeil. 
(aflicio). A. provided, furnished with; virgis, 
Plant. ; vii tutibus, vitiis, Cic. B. disposed in, 
any way as to mind or body ; 1, of the body, 
a, nnm manna recte afl'ecta est quum in tumore 
est, Cic. ; transf., quomodo affecto caelo coin- 
posit isque sideribus quodque animal oriatur, 
under what disposition of the stars, Cic. ; b, in- 
disposed, disordered ; C'aesarem graviter affectum 
Jam videram, Cic. ; valetudine afrectus, Caes.; 
transf., civltaa acgra et affecta, Cic; c, near 
completion ; bellurn affectum videmus et, ut vere 
dicam, paene confectum, Cic. ; 2, of the mind, 
disposed; eodem modoerit sapiens affectns erga 
amicum, quo In se ipsum, Cic. 

affero, attnli, allatum, afferre (ad and fero), 

V, or bring to. I. Lit., A. Of persons, 

aliqnid doinnm, Cic. ; cpistolam, litteras, to 



aff 



23 



bring a letter, Cic. ; is qui litteras attulit, the 
bearer of this letter, Cic. B. Of things, si tantum 
notas odor attulit auras, Verg. II. Transf., A. 
Gen., to bring ; aiiimum vacuum ad res ditticiles 
scribendas, Cic. jmamisafferrealicui or alicui rei, 
to seize, Cic. ; manus sibi, to commit suicide, ap. 
Cic. ; manus suis vulneribus, to tear open, Cic. ; 
alicui vim, to offer violence to, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to 
bring news ; alicui non jucundissimumnuntium, 
Cic. ; eo de Hortensii morte mihi est allatum, 
news was brought me, Cic; foil, by ace. and 
infin., Caelium ad ilium attulisse se quaererc, 
etc., Cic. ; 2, to bring as an excuse or reason; ra- 
tiones, cur hoc ita sit, Cic. ; aetatem, to allege in 
excuse, Cic. ; 3, to produce, cause; alicui mortem, 
Cic; 4, (u bring as a help; ad bene vivendum 
aliquid, Cic ; 5, to bring as an addition; quis 
attnlerit, who added the clause to the bill, Cic. 

afficio -feci -fectum, 3. (ad and faeio). I. 
to do something to; in rhet., to connect; eae 
res quae quodammodo affectae sunt ad id de 
quo quaeritur, Cic. II. to influence. A. aliquem 
aliqua re, to affect in any way ; aliquem maxima 
laetitia, Cic. ;' quanta me molestia atl'ecerit, Cic ; 
cives Homani morte, cruciatu, cruce, Cic; ali- 
quem sepultnra, to bury, Cic. ; aliquem capitali 
poena, to punish, Liv. ; so in passive, inorbo 
gravi et mortifero affectum esse, Cic. ; magna 

■ dillicultate atlici, to be placed in a difficult po- 
sition, Caes. ; beneficio atlici, to be benefited, 
Cic. ; pio dolore affectum, Cic. B. aliquem, to 
affect the body or mind ; 1, the body, exercendum 
corpus et ita alficienduin est nt, etc., Cic. ; aestus, 
labor, fames, sitis afliciuilt corpora, weaken, 
Liv. ; 2, of the mind, litterae tliae sic me atl'ece- 
runt nt, etc., Cic. 

aftictio -onis, f. an adding to, Phaedr. 

aff lgo -fixi -fixum, 3. (ad and tigo), to fasten to, 
aflU: I. Lit., litteram illam (k) ita vehementer 
ad caput, ut, etc., to brand, Cic ; Prometheum 
Caucaso, Cic. ; cruci, Liv. ; of trophies of war, 
signa affixa delnbris, Hot. II. Transf., a, 
Ithaca ilia in aaperriinis saxis tamquam nidulus 
affixa, Cic. ; alicui afflxum esse tamquam magis- 
tro, not to leave the side of, Cic. ; b, of the mind, 
to imprint, ea maxime afiigi animis nostris, Cic. 

affingo -finxi -fictum, 3. (ad and lingo), _ to 
form, feign, invent in addition, to add to. I. Lit., 
of artists, partem corporis, Cic. II. Transf., to 
invent; qui nihil opinione allingat assumatque 
ad aegvitudinem, Cic ; multa rumoreaffingeban- 
tur, Caes. 

aff inis -e (ad and finis). I. Lit., neighbour- 
ing ; gens affinis Mauris, Liv. II. Transf., 1, 
related by marriage; alter mihi attinrs erat, Cic. 
Subst., affinis -is, m. brother-, sister-, father-, 

■ mother-in-law ; cognati et affines, blood relations 
and connections by marriage, Cic. ; 2, connected 
with, privy to ; hujus suspicionis, Cic. ; hnic 
facinori, Cic. 

aff initas -Stis, f. (affinis). I. neighbourhood, 
Varr. II. A. relationship by marriage; aftinitate 
sese devincire cum aliquo, Cic. ; in affinitatem ali- 
cuius pervenire, Cic. ; plur., conjunctio liomi- 
num inter homines serpit sensim foras, cogna- 
tionibus primum, deinde affinitatibus, deiude 
amicitiis, Cic. ; meton., relations by marriage, 
Plaut. B. union of any kind ; litterarum, 
Quint. 

affirmatc, adv. with superb (aflirniatus), 
certainly, positively , promittore aliquid, Cic. 

affirmatio -unis, f. asseveration, positive as- 
sertion, Cic. 

affirmo, 1. (ad and firino). I. to strengthen ; 
societas jurejurando aifirmatur, Liv. II. a. to 
support a statement, to prove ; quod breviter dic- 
tum est rationibus affirmatum, Cic. ; b, to assert 



aff 

as true; quis rem tarn veterem pro certo affirmet, 
Liv. ; omni asseveratione tibi atlirmo (followed 
by ace. and infln.), Cic. ; with de and the abl., 
quid opus est de Lionysio bun valde aflirinare. 

affixus -a -urn (p. adj. from affigo), fixed to, 
closely joined to, affixed ; Pyrenaeo, closely ad- 
jacent to, l'liu. 

afflatus -us, m. (afflo). I. n blowing or a 
breathing on; maris, sea breeze, Plin. ; deneget 
afflatus ventua et aura suos, Ov. ; used of the 
breath of men and animals, Ov. II. inspiration ; 
sine aliquo altlatu divino, Cic. 

afflco -fieri -fictum, 2. (ad and tleo), to weep 
at, Plant. 

afflictatio -onis, f. (afflicto), bodily pain, 
torture, Cic. 

afflicto, 1. (intens. of affligo). I. to strike or 
beat A. Lit., afflictare se, to beat one's breast in 
grief, Sail. B. Transf., attlictare se, or alllictari, 
to be troubled; de quibus veheinenter afllictor, 
Cic. II. to damage by striking. A. Lit., onera- 
rias (naves) tempestas aillictabat, Caes. B. 
Transf., to harass, to torment; gravius vehemen- 
tiusque afflictari (morbo), Cic. 

afflictor -oris, m. (atlligo), adestroycr ; digni- 
tatis et auctoritatis, Cic. 

affiictus -a -urn, p. adj. (affligo), 1, damaged, 
sliattered ; fortuna, amicitia, Cic. ; 2, broken 
down, spiritless, desponding; aegritudiue affiictus, 
debilitates, jacens, Cic. ; 3, vile, contemptible; 
homo alllictus et perditus, Cic. 

affligo -llixi -flictum, 3. I. A. to strike, dash 
against ; vasa parietibus, Liv. B. to dash to the 
ground; statuam, Cic; equi viriqnc affiicti, 
struck down in battle, Sail. II. to ill-treat, 
damans. A. fusti caput alicuius, Tac. ; naves 
quae gravissiine afflictae erant, Caes. B. Transf. , 
to weaken, discourage, injure; non vitium nos- 
trum sed virtus nostra nos afflixit, Cic. ; non 
plane me enervavit nee afflixit senectus, Cic; 
causam susceptam, to drop a law suit, Cic. ; 
vectigalia bellis aftliguntur, suffer through war, 
Cic. ; animos affligere et debilitare metu, Cic. 

afflo (ad-flo), 1. I. to blow on. A. Lit., affla- 
bat acrior frigoris vis, Liv. ; odores qui atflarentur 
e fioribus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Intrans., to blow 
propitiously; felix cui placidus leniter afflat 
amor, Tib '; 2, Trans., to bring; rumoris nescio 
quid altlaverat commissione Graecornm frequen- 
tiam non fuisse, Cic. ; 3, to breatlie, to communi- 
cate secretly; laetos oculis afflarat honores, Verg. 
II. A. to breathe on ; velut illis Canidia afliasset, 
Ilor. ; nosque. ubi primus equis Oriens afflavit 
anhelis, Verg. ; of fire and heat, saucii afflatique 
incendio, scorched, Liv. B. to inspire; afflata 
est nuiuine quando jam propiore dei, Verg. 

affluens -cutis (p. adj. of affluo), rich, affluent, 
abundant, plentifully provided with, full of; opi- 
bus et copira, Cic. ; omni scelere, Cic. ; ex afflu- 
enti, in abundance, Tac. 

affluenter, adv. with compar, (affluens), 
richly, abundantly, voluptate aftluentius haurire, 
Cic. 

affluentia -ae, f. (affluens), overflow, abun- 
dance ; omnium rerum, Cic. 
affluo (ad-fluo) -fluxi -fluxum, 3. to flow to. 

A. Lit., 1, of rivers, Aufidus amnis utrisque 
castris affluens, Liv. ; 2, a, of the concourse of 
atoms In the Epicurean philosophy, Lucr. ; b, <>f 
men, to flock together; alllucnte quotidie mulfi- 
tudine ad famam belli spemque praedae, Liv. 

B. Transf., 1, to rome; nihil ex istis locis non 
modo litterarum, sed lie rumoris quidem nffluxit, 
Cic. ; 2, to abound; quum domi otium et divi- 
tiae affluerent.Sall. ; unguentis affluens, dripping 
viith unguents, Cic. ; voluptatibus. Cic. 



aff 



24 



agg 



affor (ad-for), 1, dep., to accost, address ; verai- 
bus aliquem, Cic; esp., to toy farewell to tlie 
dead ; aiihri extremum, Vers. ; '" pra-n to ; cleos, 
Verg. (lit pore, of prea. indie not found; only 
naeu in the otlier persona of the prcs. indie, the 
1st pets, inipn f. indie., the Slid pora. impel*., the 
liilin., find partlc). 

afformido, 1. to be in fear, Plant. 

affrico -fritui -fricatum, 1. to rub, Plin. 

affrictlis -us, m. (a(t'rico), a rubbing on, 
Plin. 

affulgeo -fulsi, 2. to shine, glitter. A. Lit., 
Venus (the ]>'.a>ut), all'ulsit, Ov. B. Transf., 1, 
of a deity, to look favourably upon; vultus ubi 
tuns affulsit, Hor. ; 2. of hope, to appear; con- 
suli rei inajoria spes affulsit, Liv. 

affundo -fiidi -fusilin, 3. to pour into. I. Lit., 
veneniim vulneri, Tac. ; colonia amue affusa, 
washed by a river, Plin. II. 1, of men, to add ; at 
equltaii) tria muilacnrnibusarTunderentur, Tac. ; 
2, affundere se or atl'undi, to prostrate oneself on 
the ground ; affusaquc poscere vitam, Ov. 

Afranius -a -uni, name of a Roman plebeian 
g>'ns, the nmst famous of which were I. L. Afra- 
nius, a Roman comic poet (born probably about 
130 a.c.), contemporary of Terence. II. L. Afra- 
nius, dependent and legate of Cn. J'ompeius, 
kitted after the buttle of Thapsus. 

Afri -drum, in. the dwellers in Africa, especi- 
ally in the narrow sense of the district round 
Carthage; sing., dims Afer, Hannibal, Hor. 
Adj., Afer -fra-frnm; aqua, sea between Sicily 
ana Africa, 0\ . ; avis, guinea-fowl, Hor. ; sorores, 
the Hesperides, Juv. Hence A. Africa -ae, f. 

1, in wider sense, the continent of Africa, Sail. ; 

2, in narrower sense, Africa propria or Africa 
provincia, the country around and formerly be- 
longing to Carthage; and in a narrower sense 
still, the district of Zeugis with its capital 
Carthage. B. AfricanuS -a -uni, belonging to 
Africa ; bellum, Caesar's war against the Pom- 
j.' fas in Africa, Cic; gallinae, guinea-fowl, 
Vuir. Subst, , Africanae -arum, f. (sc. bestiae), 
African wild beasts, lions, etc., used in the circus 
at Rome, Liv. As a surname, Africanus, sec 
Cornelius. C. Africus -a -um, African ; 
bellum, the second Punic war, Liv.; Caesar's war 

i the Pompeians, Caes. ; mare, smith-west 
/ the Mediterranean sea. Sail. ; vent.us 
Africus or Africus alone, the S. IV. stormy rain- 
wind ; praeceps, Hor. 

Agamemnon •finis, m. ('Ayanf/iMf), a king 
of Mycenae, leader of the flreek expedition to Troy ; 
hence, 1, Agamemnonides -ae, m., a i i 
or descendant of Agamemnon, Orestes, Juv.; 2, 
Agamemnonius -a -um, relating to Agamem- 
non; puella, Iphigenia, Prop. 

Aganippe -5s, f. fAyavimrn), a fountain in 
Boeotia. sacred to the Muses, Verg. ; hence, 1, 
Aganippis -Idis, f. Aganippsan, Ov. ; 2, 
Aganippeus -a -uni, relating to Aganippe, 
ea< red it the Muses ; lyra, Prop. 

agaso -Gnis, m. (ago), aliorse-boy, groom, Liv. ; 
rev, Liv. ; awkward servant, Hor. 

Agathocles -is and -i, m. (Aya^o/cAT)?), 1, a 
tyrant of Syracuse, born 801 a.c. ; 2, a Greek 
philosojiher and writer on hvsliandry ; 3, a Greek 
ian. 

Agathyrna -ae, f. (*A 7 <{0upi>a), or Aga- 
thyrnum -i. n. (^AydSupvov), a town on the A'. 
coast of Sicily, now 8. Agatha. 

Ag.ithyrsi -drum, m. ('Ayaflupo-oi), a Scy- 
thian people living on the Maris, in modern, 
Hungary, who tattooed themselves blue; picti, 
Verg. 



Agave -es, f. ('Ayami), daughter of Cadmus, 
mother of Pentheus, whom she killed in a Bacchic 
frenzy. 

Agendicum -i, n. capital of the Senones, in 
Gallia Lugdunensis, now Sens. 

Agolastus -i, in. (aye\a&To<;, never laugh- 
ing), surname of M. Crassus, grandfather of tlie 
triumvir, said to have laughed only once in his 
W'e. 

agellus -i, in. (dim. of ager), a little field, 
Cic. 

agemS -atis, n. (ayryxa), a corps in the Mace- 
donian army, Liv. 

Agenor -5ris, m. (' Aygvoip), a king of Phoeni- 
cia, father of Cadmus and Enrojxx ; urbs Agenoris, 
Carthage, Verg. ; Agenore natus, Cadmus, Ov. ; 
hence, 1, Agenorides -ae, in. a sou or de- 
scendant of Agenor, Cadmus, Ov. ; Perseus, u< 
descendant of Danaus, nephew of Agenor, Ov. ; 
2, AgendreuS -a -um, relating to Agenor; 
domus, house of Cadmus, Ov. ; bos, the butt that 
bore away Kuropa, Ov. ; aenum, the kettle used for 
the Phoenician, purple dye, Mart. 

agens -cutis (partic of ago), lively, active, 
acer orator, incensus et agens, Cic. 

ager.agri, m. (aypo?). 1,1, land incultivation, 
a, field, piece of land; colere, Cic. ; homo ab agio 
veniotissinms, knowing nothing of agriculture, 
Cic. ; 2, ooen country in opposition to the town; 
vastati agri sunt, urbs assiduis exhausta funeri- 
bus, Liv.; 3, the land opposed to the sea; arx 
Crotonis una parte imminens mari, altera parte 
vergentc in agruni, Liv. ; 4, in agrum, in depth 
(opp. in fronteni, in length), Hor. II. the terri- 
tory of a state, Tusculanus, Cic. 

Agesllaus -i, m. ('A-yiiCTi'Aaot), a king of 
Sparta who conquered the Persians on the I'actolus 
in Asia Minor (a.c. 300), and the Boeotians, Athe- 
nians, and other Greeks at Coronea in Boeotia. 

Agesimbrotus -i, m. (Ay>jo-i>j9poTos), cowi- 
mander of the Rhodian fleet against Philip of 
Mucedon. 

Agesipolis -polldis, m. ('AyTja-iVoAit), son of 
Cleombratns and king of Sparta about 195 a.c. 

aggemo (ad-gemo), 3. to groan at, to weep at, 
Ov. 

agger -eris, in. (2. aggero). Immaterial brought 
together to form a heap or mound ; aggerein com- 
portare, petere, Caes. ; paludem aggere explere, 
Caes. ; poet, moliri aggere teeta, to build and 
fortify with a mound, Verg. II. 1, a mound, 
rampart; apparare, jacere, facere, instruere, 
Caes. ; agger Tarquinii, or simply agger, a ram- 
part said to have, been built by Targuinus Super- 
bus to protect Rome; 2, a rampart to protect a 
hitrlioitr, Verg.; the, bonk of a river, gramineus 
ripae agger, verg. ; the, causeway of a road; agger 
viae, Verg. ; 3, poet., any kind of elevation ; 
tumuli ex aggere, Verg. ; aggeres Alpini, Verg. ; 
arenae, Verg. ; a funeral pile, Ov. 

1. aggero, 1. (agger), to form a mound, to 
heap up. I. Lit., Tac; cadavera, Verg. II. Fig., 
to increase ; dictis iras, Verg. 

2. aggero (ad-gero) -gessi -gestutn, 3. (ad and 
gero). I. Lit., to carry to, bring to; luta ct 
limum, Cic. ; withdat., aggcritur tuinulo tellus, 
Verg. II. Fig., to load, heap on; probra, Tac. 

aggCStUS -lis, in. (2. aggero), a carrying to, 
accumulation; pabulae, materiae, lignorum, Tac. 

agglomero (ad-glomero)] 1. Lit. to wind 
on a. hull, to add; aduunt sc sneioa et later! ng- 
glomerant nostro, throng to our side, Verg. 

agglutino (ad-glutiao), 1. to glue to, to fasten 
to, Cic. 



agg 



25 



agn 



aggravesco (ad-gravcsco), 3. to become 
severe, to grow worse (of sickness), Ter. 

aggravo (ad-gravo), 1. I. Lit., to make 
heavier, Plin. II. Trausf., to make xvorse; ino- 
piam socioi'um, Liv. ; to heighten; suininam in- 
vidiae ejus, Liv. 

aggredio, 3. active form of aggredior(q.v.). 

aggrcdior -gressus sum, 3. dep. (ad and gra- 
dioi). A. 1, to go to, approach; ad aliqucm, Plaut. ; 
nou repelhtur quo aggredi cupiet, Cic. ; 2, to 
approach a person; a, in a friendly manner, 
quern ego Romae aggrediar, Cie. ; aliquem pecu- 
nia, Sail. ; Venerem dictis, to address, Verg. ; b. 
Ill a hostile manner, to attack; eos impeditos et 
inopinantes, Caes. ; murum, Sail. B. Trausf., 
to begin, to undertake, to attempt; ancipitem 
causam, Cic ; facinus, to begin, Liv. ; with ad 
and the ace, ad causam, ad crimen, ad disputa- 
tionem, ad historiam, Cic. ; with ad and the 
gerund, ad dicendum, Cic. ; followed by the 
iniin., oppidum altissimis moenibus oppugnare, 
Caes. 

aggrego (ad-grego), 1. to add to, join with; 
a, with adv., eodem ceteros undique collectos 
naufiagos, Cic. ; b, with in and the ace, ego te 
in nostrum numerum aggregare soleo, Cic. ; 
C, with ad and the ace, se ad eorum amicitiam, 
Caes. ; d, with dat., se Romanis, Liv. ; e, 
absol., alius alia ex navi, quibuscum^"-- signis 
occurrerat, se aggregabat, Caes. 

aggressio -onis, f. (aggrcdior), the intro- 
duction to a speech; prima aggressione aniinos 
occupare, Cic. 

agilis -e (ago). A. Of things, 1, easily moved, 
liglU; classis, Liv. ; 2, quick; rivus agilior, 
Plin. B. Of persons, 1, light, nimble; dea, 
Diana, Ov. ; Cyllenius, Mercury, Ov. ; 2, active; 
oderunt agilem gnavumque remissi, Hor. ; nunc 
agilis lio, busy, Hor. 

agilitas -atis, f. (agilis), the power of being 
easily moved, quickness, agility, lightness; na- 
vium, Liv. ; naturae, Cic. 

Agis -idis, m. (*Ayts), name of three kings of 
Sparta. 

agitabilis -e (agito), easily moved, light; 
aer, Ov. 

agitatio -onis, f. (agito). S. Act., A. Lit., 
motion; anceps teloruni armorumque, Liv. B. 
management; reruin magnarum agitatio atque 
administratio, Cic. II. Pass., state of motion. 
A. Lit, agitatio et motus linguae, Cic. ; tantas 
agitationes fluctuuin, Cic. B. Trausf., activity; 
numquam animus agitatione etmotu esse vacuus 
potest, Cic. 

agitator -oris, in. (agito), 1, one who sets in 
motion, a driver; aselli, Verg. ; 2, a charioteer, 
who contended for the prize inXhe circxis, Cic. 

agitatus -i\s, ra. = agitatio (q.v.). 

agito, 1. (intens. of ago), to put in constant 
motion, to drive about. I. Lit., 1, of animals, 
to drive ; spumantem equum, Verg. ; or to hunt ; 
aquila insectans alias aves et agitans, Cic. ; 2, 
of the wind on the sea, to agitate, toss up and 
down ; mave ventorum vi agitari atque turbari, 
Cic. ; 3, to stir up in any way, to move hastily ; 
quod pulsu agitatur cxterno, Cic. ; corpora hue 
illuc, Sail. II. Trausf., 1, to vex, agitate, harass ; 
ut eos agitent insecteuturque furiae, Cic. ; Tyr- 
rheuam fidein aut gentes agitare quictas, to 
trouble, Verg. ; seditionibus tribuniciis atrociter 
res publica agitabatur, Sail. ; to ridicule, quas 
personas agitare solenius, non sustincrc, Cic. ; 
2, in speech, to handle, treat of, argue, discuss; 
agraria lex vehementer agitabatur, Cic. ; 3, in 
thought, to think about, consider (with or with- 
out in fHirde, in mcute, iu aninio, or simply 



animo or mente) ; in animo bellum., Liv. ; rem 
mente, Cic. ; a, with inlin., aliquidinvadereiiiag. 
mini mens agitat mihi, Verg. ; b, with de, de in- 
ferendo bcllo, Liv. ; c, with rel. sent, id plebes 
agitabat quonam modo, etc., Liv. ; 4, to prac- 
tise, exercise; quibus agitatus et exercitatus 
animus, Cic. ; 5, of festivals, to keep; dies festos, 
Cic; 6, to manage, observe, keep; imperiuin, 
Sail. ; gaudium atque laetitiam, to exjn-ess, Sail. ; 
praecepta parentis mei, to observe or practise, 
Sail. ; 7, of time, to live; sub legibus aevum, 
Verg. ; 8, (sc. sc), to pass time, stay ; laeti 
neque procul Germani agitant, Tac. ; Libyes 
propius mare agitant, Sail. ; 9, to act (on the 
stage), Plaut. 

Aglaii -es, f. CAyWa and 'Aykairj), the oldest 
of the graces, Verg. 

aglaspis -idis, in. (ayKarj a<rnif, a bright 
shield), sokliers with briglit shitlds, name of a 
division in the Macedonian army, Liv. 

agmen -inis, n. (ago), something driven or 
moved, a mass in movement. I. Gen., A. Of 
things with life, 1, of men, a band, a throng ; 
stipatus agmine patriciorum, Liv. ; Eumenidum 
agmina, Verg. ; 2, of animals, agmen ferarum, 
Ov. ; aligeruin agmen, swans, Verg. ; grani- 
ferum agmen, ants, Ov. B. Of things with- 
out life, 1, a large stream of water, leni fluit 
agmine flumen, Verg. ; so of rain, iiniueusum 
agmen aquarum, Verg. ; 2, of the atoms, Lucr. ; 

3, of the clouds, Lucr. ; 4, of the movement 
of oars, Verg. ; 5, of the gliding of snakes, 
extremae agmina caudae, Verg. II. As milit. 
t. t., an army. A. Abstr., the march of an 
army; citato agmine, Liv. ; rudis agniinuin, 
Hor. B. Concr., 1, the army on march; a, of 
infantry, phalanx agmen magis quam acics 
(acics," the army in line of battle), Liv. ; agniiuo 
ingrcdi, ire, Liv. ; agmine instructo, ready for 
march, Liv. ; agmine facto, in close marching 
order, Verg. ; tripartite ngmine, a march in three 
columns, Tac. ; aginen pilatum, Verg., or justuin, 
an army in close marching order, Tac ; quadratum, 
a march in a hollow square, Sail. ; priinum, the 
vanguard, Caes. ; medium, the centre, Caes. ; 
extromum or novissimum, the rear, Cic. ; ducere, 
to lead, Cic ; cogere, to act as rearguard, Caes. ; 
so tig., ut nee duces sumus nee agmen cogamus, 
Cic. ; b, of cavalry, equitum, Liv. ; 2, of a 
fleet, Liv. ; 3, of the baggage of an army, ini- 
pedimentorum, Tac ; rerum captarum, Liv. ; 

4, Transf., of animals marching in order, de- 
cedens agmine magno corvorum exercitus, Verg. ; 
and so of things personified, venti velut agmine 
facto, qua data porta, ruunt, Verg. ; stellae 
quarum agmina cogit Lucifer, Ov. 

agna -ae, f. (agnus), a female lamb, Hor. 

Agnalia -ium = Agonalia (q.v.). 

agnascor (ad-guascor) -natus, 3. to be born 
in addition to, legal t. t. of children born after 
their father's will, either in his lifetime or after 
his death, Cic 

agnatio -onis, f. (agnascor), relationship 
reckoned through males only, Cic. 

agnatus -i, m. (agnascor), 1,'a relation de- 
scatded from a common ancestor in the male line, 
Cic. ; 2, a child born into a family where a 
regular heir already exists, Tac 

agnellus -1, m. (dim. of agnus), a little land), 
Plaut. 

agninus -a -am (agnus), relating to a lamb, 
Plaut. Subst, agmna -ae, f. (so. caro), lanCb't 
flesh, Hor. 

agmtio -onis, f. (agnosco). 1, recognition ; 
cadaveris, Plin.; 2, knowledge; animi. of the 
nature of the mind, ClC 



agn 



2G 



Agy 



agnomen (ad-nonicn)-Tnis, n. surname, nar>ie 
g'wen to a mini for some service, e.g. Africnuus, 
Asiaticus. 

agnosco (ad-gnosco)-novi-nltum, 3. (ad and 
piiosco = nosco). I. to perceive (in its true 
character), to recognise; deumex opcrfbns suis, 
veteran Anchisenagnoscitaniicum, Verg. ; 
parvam Trojam, Verg. II. to recognise as true 
or genuine, to acknowledge ; fllium queni Hie 
natum noii agnorat, eundeni moriens suum dix- 
erat, Nep. ; aliquem non ducem, Liv. ; of tilings, 
crimen, Cic. ; quod lneum quoddammodo ag- 
nosco, Cic. ; with ace. and infln., ct ego ipse 
me non esse verbornm admodum inopem ag- 
nosco, Cic. 

agnus -i, m. " lamb ; collect., abundare agno, 
Cic. ; pro v., agnum lupo eripere velle, to wish 
for the impossible, Plaut. 

Sgo, egi, actum (dy<o), 3. to set in "motion. I. 
Lit., A. to drive, 1, cattle, etc.; boves Romani, 
Liv. ; 2, to lead or drive men, agmen agere, to set 
on army in motion, Liv. ; se agere, to go, Plant. ; 
3, to ride a horse or drive a carriage, to set a ship 
in motion; eqiium, Tac ; carpciituin, Liv. ; naves, 
Liv. ; 4, of things, to put in motion, drive, Tineas 
turreaque, Caes. ; nubes ventus agens, Lucr. B. 

1, to drive with force or violence ; turba fugientium, 
actus, L<v. ; animain agere, to give up the ghost, 
Cic. ; glebis ant fustibus aliquem dc fundo, Cic. ; 

2, Esp., to plunder, to drive away cattle, often 
with ferre or portare, res quae fern agique pos- 
smit, Liv.; 3, to constiiict, build, lay; funda- 
nieiita, Cic. ; 4, of plants, to strike root, Plin. ; 
fig., vera gloria radices agit, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
Gen., as regards actions, to drive, incite; in armi , 
Liv. ; aliquem in fraudeni, Verg. ; se agere or agere. 
absoL, to live; nuilto ct fniniliarilcr cum aliquo, 
Sail. B. 1, of time, to pas?; quartum annum 
•ago et octogesimum, lam in my eighty-fourth 
year, Cic. ; aetatcm in littcris, Cic. ; 2, to act, to 
do ; quid vos agitis ? Cic ; quid again ? Ter. ; 
absol., ludustrla in agendo, Cic; male, bene, 

arc agere cum aliquo, to treat a person well 
or badly, Cic. ; nihil agere, Cic. ; id agere ut or 
lie, to give attention to, to do one's best; id agunt 
lit viri boni esse videantur, Cic. ; 3, of outward 
expression, a, of orators, to declaim, agere cum 
dignitato ac venustate, Cic. ; b, of actors, 
to pla 't, deliver, muiquam agit Ros- 

cius hune vcrsum co gestu quo potest, Cic; 
fabnlam, to piny in a piece (comedy), Cic. ; 
primas partes, to play leading parts, Ter. ; agere 
aliquem, to represent some character ; ministrum 
Imperatoris, Tac ; c, to express gratitude ; grates, 
Cic ; 4, a, of a festival, to keep; festos dies 
annlversarios, Cic ; b, to keep, observe, pacem, 
Sail.; c, t<> leeep watch, Sail. ; vigilias, Cic; 
d, to hold a meeting, to execute some function, 
; forum or conventuin, to hold the as- 

i'ic, Caes. ; esp., agere bellum, to have the 
conduct of a war, Liv. ; 5 a, to treat with ; ut 
agerem cum Lucccio de vestra vetere gratia recon- 

la agente Servilia, through the agency of 
Servilic, Cic ; b, in politics, to bring questions be- 
fore the senate or people for decision ; in senatu 
de aliqua re, Ov~; cum populo, Cic; nihil 
omnitio actum est de nobis, Cic ; agere causam 
alicuius, to take the side of some politician, Cic. ; 
c, in law, agere causam, to plead some one's cause, 
UC. ", absoL, agere, to bring an action, to sue; 
ex syngrapha, Cic. ; non cnim gladiis tecum si d 
litibtu agetnr, Cic.; used esp. with jure, and 
lege in hercditatem, Cic. ; with genit. 
of accusation, furti, Ut indict for theft, Cic. ; qua 
de re ogitur, the point at dispute, Cic. ; in quo 
agitur populi Romani gloria, is at stake, Cic.; 
acta res c-». or actum est, the transaction is 
finidied, so followed by dc, it is all over with ; 
acta nc neamuv, act vhev, it is too late, Cic Iin- 



perat.,-ngc, agite, used with duni, as an inter- 
jection, cornel well! good! Cic. 

agon -onis, m. (iynv), a contest in the public 
games, Plin., feuet. 

Agonalia -lum and -orum, n. the festival of 
Janus ; hence adj., Agonalis -e, relating to the 
Agonalia; Agonalis lux, the day of the Agonalia, 

Ov. 

Ayonia -orum, n. 1, the animals for sacri- 
fice ; 2, = Agonalia, Ov. 

agoranomus -i, in. (ayopavoixos), a market 
inspector in Greece, Plaut. 

agrarius -a -uni(ager), relating to land ; lex, 
law relating to the division of the public land, Cic ; 
res, the division of public lands, Cic. ; triumvir, 
the officer who presided over the division, Liv. 
Subst., agrarii -orum, in. the agrarian party, 
who proposed to distribute the public land 
among the people, Cic. ; agrarXa -ae, f. (se. 
lex), an agrarian law, Cic. 

agrestis -e (ager), relating to the fields or 
try. A. 1, wild; taurus, Liv.; 2, savage; 
vultus, Ov. B. 1, belonging to the country, 
rustic; hospitium, Cic; homo, Cic. Subst., 
agrestis -is, in. a countryman, Cic. ; 2, rough, 
boorish, clownish; servi agrestes et barbari, Cic. ; 
rustica vox et agrestis, Cic ; agrestiores Jlus.ie, 
the muses of the courser, practical arts, e.g. elo- 
quence, opposed to mansuetiores Musae, e.g. 
philosophy, Cic. 

1. agricola -ae, m. (ager and colo), a titter 
of the fields, farmer ; agricola et pecnarius, Cic; 
deus agricola, Silvanus, Tib. ; caelites agricolae, 
the gods of the country, Tib. 

2. Agricola -ae, m. GnaeusJulius(40-Q3A.T>.') l 

father-in-law of Tacitus, governor ofUritain. 

agrlcultio -onis, f. = agricultura (q.v.). 
agricultor -oris, m. = agricola (q.v.). 
agncultura -ae, f. agriculture, Cic. 

u Agrigentum -i, n. (Gr. 'AKpayct? and Lat. 
Acragas), a flourishing Greek, town on the south 
coast of Sicily. Adj., Agrigentinus -a -um, 
and Acragantinus -a -um, Agrigentine. 

agripcta -ae, in. (ager and peto), a land- 
grabber, Cic. ; a settler or squatter, Cic. 

Agrippa -ae, m. I. Soman family name. 
A. Menenius Agrippa, the author of the fablo 
of the belly and the. members, by which he was 
said to have reconciled the plebeians and patri- 
cians, Liv. ii. 32. B. 1, -M. Vipsanius Agrippa, 
(63-12 B.C.), the friend and adviser of Augustus, 
whose niece, Marcella, and daughter, Julia, he 
successively married, a celebrated general and 
statesman, who adorned Rome with many large 
buildings. 2, Agrippa Postumus, son of the 
above, banished to Planasia by Augustus, said 
to have been murdered there at the beginning 
of Tiberius's reign. II. Name of two kings of 
the Jlerod family in Judaea, Herodes Agrippa I. 
and Herodes Agrippa II. 

Agrippina -ae, f. the name of several Soman 
women. I. A. daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa. 
by his first wife, wife of Tiberius. B. daughter 
of Agrippa by Julia, and wife of Germanicus, 
banished to Paudataria after her husband's deat h . 
II. The granddaughter of Agrippa, daughter of 
German ifus and Agrippina (f. B.), gen. known 
as Younger Agrippina, wife of her uncle, the 
Emperor Claudius, murdered by order of her 
son, the Emperor Nero ; hence Colonla Agrip- 
pinensis, a town of Germany (now Cologne), 
named in honour of Agrippina (II. ). 

AgyiCUS -Si or -Cos, in. ('Ayiutv';), surname oj 
Apollo, as protector of streets, Hor. 
Agy 11a -ae, f. ('Ayi'AAa), Greek, name of the 



Agy 



27 



Alb 



Etruscan town Caere. Adj., a, Agyllinus -a 
-urn, relating toAgylla, urbs = Agylla, Verg. ; b, 
Agylleus -Sos, m. epithet of Apollo, who had a 
temple at Agylla, Hor. 

Agyrium -li, n, ('Ayvpiof), a town in Sicily, 
birth-place of the historian Diodorus, now S. Fi- 
lippo d'Argiro ; hence Agyrinensis -c, relating 
to Agyrium. 

ah, interj., o>i.' oh! 
" Ahala -ae, m., C. Servilius, the master of the 
horse under the dictator Cincinnatus, B.C. 430, 
who slew- Sp. Maelius. 

Aharna -ae, f. a town in Etruria, now Bar- 
giano. 

Ahenobarbus, v. Doraitius. 

ai (<u), ah ! an interjection of grief, Ov. 

Alax -acis, m. (Aias), the name of two Homeric 
heroes: 1, Aiax Telamonius, son of Telamon, 
Icing of Salamis, who committed suicide because 
lie failed in the contest with Ulysses for the arms 
of Achilles ; 2, Aiax Oileus, king of the Locri. 

aiens -entis (partic. of aio), affii-malive, Cic. 

aio, defective verb. I. to say yes, to affirm 
(opp. nego), Plaut. II. to say, to assert, to state, 
Cic. ; ut aiunt, as the people say, Cic. ; quid ais? 
what is your opinion? Ter. ; ain', ais-ne, do you 
really mean it ? is it possible"? Cic. 

Aius Loquens or Aius Locutius, m. 
(aio and loquor), the speaker saying, i.e. the voice 
which is said to have warned the Romans of the 
coming of the Gauls, afterwards honoured as a 
god in a temple erected to it, Cic. 

ala -ae, f. (for ag-la, from ago). I. a wing; 
of birds, galli plausu premunt alas, Cic. ; of 
gods, hie paribus nitens Cyllenitis alis constitit, 
Verg. ; poet., of the oars of a ship, classis cen- 
tenis rciniget alis, Prop. ; or the sails, velorum 
pandimus alas, Verg. ; and to express anything 
swift, fulminis ocior alis, Verg. ; used of death, 
Hor. ; of sleep, Tib. II, Transf, A. the shoulders 
and armpits of a man; sub ala fasciculum port- 
are librorum, Hor. B. Milit. t. t., the cavalry 
(originally disposed on both sides of the legions 
like wings); a squadron (generally composed of 
allied troops), Cic. 

Alabanda -ae, f., and -orum, n. (i\ and to. 
'AKdpavSa), a town in Caria, near the Maeander, 
famous for its wealth and luxury, founded by 
Alabandus, son of Eurippus and Callirrhoe ; 
lience, 1, Alabandensis -e, belonging to Ala- 
banda; 2, Alabandeus -eos, m. born at Ala- 
banda. Plur. Gr. nom., Alabandis (AKa- 
Pav&els), the inhabitants of Alabanda, Cic. 

Alabarch.es (Arabarches) -ae, m. ('AAo- 
P<ipX>)s), a magistrate of Arabia, a tax-gatherer, a 
nickname applied to Pompey, who largely increased 
the revenue by his Eastern conquests, Cic. 

alabaster -stri, m., and alabastrum -i, 

n. (aAd/Saorpos and -ov), 1, a pear-shaped per- 
fume casket, Cic. ; 2, a rose-bud, Plin. 

filacer -oris -ere and (rarely) alacris -c, 
adj. with compar. I. Gen., excited; multos 
alacres exspeetare quid statuetm-, Cic. II. 
quick, cheerful, lively; a, of men, Catilina alacer 
atquc laetus, Cic. ; with ad and the gerund, ad 
bulla suscipieuda Gallorum alacer et prompfus 
est animus, Caes. ; voluptas, Verg. ; b, of ani- 
mals, equus, Cic. 

alacritas -atis, f. (alacer), quickness, brisk- 
■ ness, eagerness, alacrity; 1, of men, quae alacritas 
civitatis fuit? Cic. ; with genit., reipublicae de- 
fendendac, Cic. ; ad and gerund, mira alacritate 
ad litigandum, Cic. ; 2, of animals, canuin tanta 
alacritas jn yenando, (% . - -^ 



Alamanni (Alamani, Algmanni) -orum, in. 
name of a German confederacy between the Danube 
and the llhine. 

Alani -Orum, m. a Scythian race, originally 
from the Caucasus. 

alapa -ae, f. a box on the ear, Juv. ; given by 
a master to his slave on the manumission of the 
slave ; hence, multo majoris alapae mecum ve- 
neunt, I sell freedom at a much higher price, 
Phaedr. 

alarms -a -um, and alaris -c (ala), belong- 
ing to the wings of aji army ; equites, Liv. ; co- 
hortes, Cic. ; hence alarii, allied troops, Caes. 
See ala II. B. 

alatus -a -um (ala), winged, Verg. 

alauda -ae, f. (a Keltic word), alark. I. Lit., 
Plin. II. Transf., the name of a legion formed by 
Caesar in Gaul, Suet. ; hence, the soldiers of the 
legion; Alaudae, Cic. 

alazon -onis, m. (AMfav), a braggart, boaster, 
Plaut. 

Alba -ae, f. (connected with albus, aA<£os, 
alp, a high mountain). A. Alba Longa, the 
oldest Latin town, according to the legend built 
by Ascanius on a ridge of the Mons Albanus, 
the mother city of Home, said to have been 
destroyed by Tullus Hostilius ; hence, a, Al- 
banus -a -um, Alban ; mons, o holy mountain 
of the Latins (now Monte Cava); lacus, the lake at 
the foot of mons Albanus (now Lago di Albano); 
municipium, a later town, not far from the sitcyf 
Alba Longa; Albanum -i, n. (sc. praedium), 
name of the villa of l'onqyeius, and afterwards of 
Nero and Domitian; b, Albenses pbpirii, Vie 
people of L.atium, who Kept the feriae Latinae. 
B. Alba Fucentis or Albensiuiru, Alba, a town of 
fheMaxsi, afterwards a Roman colony, in Sam- 
ninm ; hence Albensis -e, belonging to Alba F. 

1. Albani, sc. Alba. 

2. Albani -orum, m. the Albanians, inhabit- 
ants of Albania ; hence, a, Albania -ae, f. a 
country on the west of the Caspian sea {nowDaghe- 
stan); b, Albanus -a -um, Albanian. 

albatus -a -um (albus), clothed in white, 
Cic. 

albeo, 2. (albus), to be white; membra in cum 
pallorem albentia ut, etc., Tac. ; albente coclo, 
at daybreak, Caes. 

albesco, 3. (albeo), to become white; albescens 
capillus, Hor. ; lux albescit, day dawjis, Verg. 

albiceratus -a -um, or albiceris -e, or 
albicerus -a -um, whitish yellow, Plin. 

albico, 1. (albus), 1, to make white, Vair. ; 2, 
to be white ; prata canis albicant pruiuis, Hor. 

albidus -a -um (albus), whitish, Ov. 

Albinovanus-i,m. I. C. PedoAlbinovauus, 
an epic poet, contemporary and friend of Ovid. 
II. Celsus Albinovanus, a secretary in Vie retinue 
of Tiberius, to whom Horace addressed one of his 
Epistles. 

Albums -i, m. the name of a family of the 
Gens Fostumia. Aulus Postumius Albinus, con- 
sid 151 B.C., writer of a Roman history in Greek. 

Albion -onis, f. (from alb, i.e. high), the 
"high" country, oki name of Britain, from its 
cliffs, Plin. 

Albis -is, m. the Elbe, Tac. 

albitiido -inis, f. (albus), whiteness, Plaut. 

AlblUS -li, m. name of a Soman gens; 1, 
Albius Tibullus, the celebrated Roman elegiac 
poet; 2, Statius Albius Oppianious, of Jxiter- 
nium, whom Clucntius was accused of murdering; 
honce adj., AlbJcVnu.8. -a -lira, relating (o 41' 
Mhs, ■ 



alb 



28 



Ale 



albSr -oris, m. (albus), the white of an egg, 
Pita. 

albulus -a -urn (dim. of allms), whitish; 
Columbus, Cat.: freta, foaming, Mart.; hence 
as proper name, I. Albula-ae, f. (se. aqua), old 
im*m of the 'liber; Buviua Albiil.i quem nunc 
Tiberim vocant, Liv. II. Albula -ae, m. ami 
f., or Albulae aquae, or Albulae -arum, f. 
medici)ial springs near Tiber (Tivoli), now SoU 
fatara di Tivoli, or Acqua Zolfa. 

album -i, n., v. albus. 

Albunca -ae, f. a prophetic nymph to whom 
dedicated afountavi and grotto at Tibur. 

Alburnus -i, m. fi high mountain of T.u- 
cania, near Paestum (now Monte di 1'ostiglione). 

albus -a -um (root ALB, connected with 
<lA'i)d?), white, dead white (opp. candidus=ff2i«er- 
ing white). I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, white; eoui 
Liv. ; nnper in banc urbem pedibus qui venen 
albis, slaves who came to Rome with, feet chalked 
to show they were for sale, Juv. ; prow, alba 
avis, a white binl, a rarity, Cic. ; albis dentibus 
deridere, to laugh so as to show the teeth, i.e. 
heartily, Plaut. ; Alios albae galliuae, a lucky 
fellow, Juv. ; albis equis praecurrere, to siirpass 
greatly (referring to the triumphing general whose 
car was driven by a white horse), Hor. ; 2, 
grey ; barbs, Plaut. B. Esp., 1, pale ; albus ora 
pallor in'icit, Hor. ; 2, bright ; admisso Lucifer 
albus equo, Ov. ; so making bright; notus, Hor. ; 
and tig., fortunate; Stella, Hor. II. Subst, 
album -i, n. A. white colour; alba discernere et 
atra nun posse, Cic; esp., 1, white paint or 
cement; columnas albo polire, Liv. ; 2, a white 
... .' In the eye, Col. ; 3, album oculi, the white of 
the eye, Cels. ; 4, album ovi, the white of an egg, 
Cela. B. a white tablet, esp., 1, the tablet on 
which the pontifex maximus at A'omc pubildicd the 
events of the year, Cic. ; 2, album (practoris), the 
tablet on which, the praetor published his -edict; 
3, album senatoiium, the list of semtors, Tac ; 
album judicum, the jury-list, Suet. 

Alcaous -i, m. fAAxaio?), a Greet; lyric poet 
ofMytilene, flourishing about 610-60:; h.c. ; hence 
Alc&icus -a -um, metrum, a metre named after 
him. 

Alcamenes -is, m. ('AAKOfieVr;?), a sculpto 
scholar of Phidias, 

Alcathoo -e.s, f. CAAica9o>j), a. mountain in 
Megara v anted after Alcathous, poet, for the 
whole district of Megaris, Ov. 

Alcathous -i, m. ('.YAwoeoo;), sou of Pelops, 
rebnilder of Megara after it h<ul been destroyedby 
the Cretans; hence urbs Alcathoi, Megara, Ov. 

Alee -es, f. OAAkij), town of the Carpetani in 
HUpania Tarracoiunsis. 

alcedo -Inis, f. (=alcyo2i, <iA»cvwi<), the king- 
fisher, Tlaut. ; hence alcedonia -5rum, n. (sc. 
ttmpora). I. the fourteen days of winter, 
during which the kingfisher is hatching its <<j<j<, 
and the sea IMU believed to be cedm. II. Traiisf., 
quietness, adm, Plaut. 

alces -is, f. the elk, Caes. 

AlcestlS -tldis, f. am' Alceste -es f. CAAktjo- 
th or 'AAK7J<rTri), wife of Admelus, king of Phci ae, 
whose life she was said to have saved by dying for 
him, sent back to life by Proserpina, or, as in 
another legend, rescued from Hades by Hercules. 

Alceus -ei and -6o8, in. CAAk«u?), son of Per- 
seus, father of Amphitryon, grandfather of Her- 
c»lr< ; hence AlcidcB -ae, m. o descendant of 
Aliens, Hercules, V'crg. 

Alcibiadcs -is, m. (' AA«ei/9iaSi;f)- I. an 
Athenian, son nf denies, cousin of Pericles, pvpil 
of Socri't**. II, a Lacedaemonian living at the 
lime of the tear of the Romans with the Achaeane, 



Alcldamas -amis, m. ('AAi«Sa/u.as), a Greek 
rhetorician of Elaca in Acolis, pupil of Gorgias. 

Alcimcdc -es, f. ('AAKi/xe'Sr;), daughter o) 
Autolysis, wife of Aeson, mother of Jason. 

Alcinous -i, in. ('AAkiVoo?), king of the Phaea- 
cians, the host of Odysseus, noted for his gardens 
and orchards, hence poma dare Alcinoo, to 
can-y coals to Newcastle, Ov. ; Alcinoi sylvae, 
orchards, Verg. ; juventus, luxurious young men, 
Hor. 

Alcmaeo and Alcmaeon, lengthened to 
Alcumaeo (Alcumco, Alcimeo) -6nis, in., and 
AlcumeilS -i, m. (AA/c^ai'ior). I. son of Am- 
phiarausand Eriphyle, who murdered his mother 
at the wish of his father and with the approval 
of the oracle, and was afterwards driven mad ; 
hence adj., Alcmaeonius -a -um. II. a 
Greek philosopher and physician of Crotona, pupiZ 
/ Pythagoras. 

Alcman -auis, m, ('AXk^clv), an old Greek poet 
of Sardis, in Lydia (circ. (370-1540 B.C.). 

Alcmena -ae, f., and Alcmene -es, f, 
lengthened to Alcumena -ae, f. CAXK^rjvn), 
wife of the Theban Amphitryon and mother of 
Hercules by Jujiiter. 

Alco and Alcon -onis, in. CAAkuji). I. a son 
of Atreus, Cic. II. a sculptor of Sicily, Ov. 
III. a shepherd, Verg. IV. a slave's name, Hor. 
V. a Sagunline, Liv. 

alcyon, alcyonia=alcedo, alcedonia (q.v.). 

Alcyone -es, f. ('AAKurfiij), daughter of 
Aeolus, who jumped into the sea on seeing her hus- 
band, Ceyx, drowned, and was changed with her 
husband into a kingfisher. 

(ilea -ae, f. 1, a game with die, hazard I 
luderc alea, Cic. : aleam cxercere, Tac. ; do alea 
condeiunatus (dice-playing being forbidden at 
Home by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia, 
except during the Saturnalia), Cic. ; 2, Transf., 
chance, risk, uncertainty ; rem in aleam dare, 
to risk, Liv.; subire, Cic; in dubiam imperii 
servitiique aleam ire, Liv. 

ale at or -oris, in. (alea), a dicer, hazard- 
player, Cic. 

aleatorius -a -um (aleator), relating to a 
Jcrr; damns, losses at play, Cic. 

alec (alloc) -ecis, n. a sauce prepared from 
fish, Hor., Plin. 

Alecto (Allecto), ace. -o, f. ('AAjjktco, or 
'AAAjjictiu), one of the three furies. (Only found 
in noni. and ace.) * 

ales, alltls (gen. pi. alituum, Verg.) (ala). 
I. Adj., winged. A. Lit., winged ; Pegasus, Ov. ; 
dcus, Mercury, Ov. ; puer, Cupid, Hoi-. B. 
Transf., swift, quick ; auster, Verg. ; passu alite, 
Ov. II. Subst, f. bird' (in. only in poetry), 
mostly of large birds; regia, the eagle, Ov. ; 
Phoebeius, the raven, Ov. ; Daulias, the night in- 
g<de, Ov. ; Junonia, the pcucock, Ov. ; imitatrix, 
rara, the parrot, Ov. ; sacer, the hawk, Verg.; 
cri.status, the cock, Ov. ; Palladis, the owl, Ov. ; 
Caystrius, the swan, Ov. ; ales Maeonii carmiiiis, 
a poet of Homeric strain, Hor. In augury, birds 
whose flight was examined (while oscines = 
birds whose note was observed), Cic. ; hence, 
poet., « sign, an omen ; so bona or seennda alite, 
with favourable omen, Hor. 

alosco. 3. (alo), to grow up, Lucr. 

Alesia -ae, f. town of the Mundtibii in Gallia 
Lugdunensis, now St. Peine d'Alise. 

Alesus, v. Halesus. 

Aletrium (Alatrlum) -ii, n. am old town of 
th' llernici in Lotium, afterwards a Roman 
colony _ and iminicipium. now Alalri; hence 
/Uettjnas -at is, relating toAlelrtvxn 



Ale 20 

Alevas -ae, in. ('A\eva<;),afoscenttanl of Her- 
tides who ruled in Larissa. 

Alexander -ili'i,in.('AA.;fai'(Spos). I.Mythol., 
Paris, son of Priam, king of Troy. II. Hist., 
1, Alexander of I'herae, tyrant in 1'hessaly from 
370-307 B.C. ; 2, Alexander, son of Neoptolemus, 
prince of the Molossi, uncle of Alexander the 
Great; 3, Alexander the Great (b. 350, d. 323 
b.o.), king of Macedonia, who. conquered the Per- 
sians and extended the Macedonian empire to Die 
Indus; hence A. Alexandria or -ea -ae, 
f. (A\e$di>Speia), name of several cities founded 
by Alexander, the most famous of which Was the 
Egyptian city, at tlie Canopic mouth of the Nile, 
capital of the kingdom of the Ptolemies. B. 
Alexandreus -a -urn. C. Alexandrinus 
-a -urn, belonging to Alexandria. 

alga -ae, f. 1, sea-weed, Hor. ; used for a 
thing of little worth; vilior alga, Hor. ; 2, the 
sea-coast, Juv. 

algens -tis(partic. of algeo), cold, cool, Plin. 

algeo, Mai, 2. to be cold, Jnv. ; transf., pro- 
bites laudatur et alget, i.e. is neglected. 

algesco, alsi, 3. (inch, of algeo), to become 
cold, Ter. 

1. algldus -a -nm (algeo), cold, Cat. 

2. Ale, dus -i> "I- (sc. mons), a range of 
■mountains in Latiurn, from Tusculum toPraeneste 
(now Monte Compatri) ; hence, a. Algid um -i, 
n. a town of the Aequi on one of the mountains in 
this range ; b, Algldus -a -um, belonging to 
Algidus. 

algor -oris, m. (algeo). I. the sensation of 
cold, Sail. II. that which muses cold, frost, Lucr. 

algOSUS -a-um (alga), abounding in sea-weed, 
Plin. 
algus -us, m. = algor (q.v.). 
alia, adv. (alius), sc. via, by another way, Li v. 

alias (so. vices), adv. I. at another time, 
Cic. ; alias . . . alias, at one time . . . at another 
time, Cic. ; alius alias, one person at one time, 
another at another, Cic. II. Transf., 1, else- 
where, Cic. ; 2, non alias quani, on no other con- 
dition than, Tac. ; non alias nisi, not otherwise 
than, as if, Tac. 

alibi, adv. (alius), 1, elsewhere, at another 
place, Cic. ; alibi . . . alibi, here . . . there, Liv. ; 
alibi alius, one here, the otlier there, Liv. ; alibi 
atque alibi, noiv here, now there, Plin. ; 2, in 
other respects, Liv. 

alioa (halica) -ae f. 1, spelt, a kind of grain, 
Plin. ; 2, a drink prepared from spelt, Mart. 

alicarius (h&licarius) -a -um, belonging to 
spelt. Subst., a t alicarius -ii, m. one who 
grinds spelt; b, alicaria -ae, f. a prostitute; 
otie who sat before the spelt-mills, Plaut. 

ali'cubl, adv. (aliquis and ubi), anywhere, 
somewhere, Cic. 



ali 



alicula -ae, f. (<z\Ai|), a light upper garment, 
Mart. 

alicunde, adv. (aliquis and unde), from any- 
where, from somevihere, Cic. 

alienatio -onis, f. (alieno). I. Active, a 
transference or alienation of property ; sacrorum, 
transfer of Vie sacra gentilicia from one gens to 
'another, Cic. II. Middle, 1, mentis, mental 
alienation, loss of reason, Plin. ; 2. a separation, 
between persons, a desertion, enmity, alienation 
of feeling; tua a me alienatio, Cic. 

allenigena -ae, m. (alienus and gigno), 
ttrange, foreign ; hostis, Cic. Subst. , a foreigner; 
quid alienigenae de vobis loqui soleant, Cic 

alienlgonus -a -um (alienus and geno s 
gigno), of different elements, heterogeneous, Lucr. 



alieno, 1. (alienus), to make something an~ 
other's. I. Lit., A. to take away; USDS friictus 
Jam inihi haruiu aedium alienatus est, Plaut, 
B. 1, legal term, to transfer property ; vectl- 
galia, Cic. ; 2, to sell a child or slave to a new 
family, Liv. ; 3 t alicuius menteni, to cause a 
person to lose his reason; Junonis iraui oh 
spoliatuin templum alienasse menteni ferebant, 
Liv. ; oftener in pass., alienari, to go out of one's 
mind; niente alienata, Caes. ; velut alienatis 
sensilms, Plin. II. Transf., A. to remore 
from the mind, to banish; alienatis a memoria 
periculi anilllis, having forgotten danger, Liv. 
B. to estrange, put at variance; oinnes a se 
bonos, Cic. ; with dat., alienati Romanis, Liv. ; 
alienari ab inteiitu, to have a repugnance to, to 
shun, Cic. 

alienus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (alius), that which belongs or relates to 
another (opp. mens, tuns, suiis, pioprius). I, 
Lit., A. Gen., domus, Cic. ; aes, debt, Cic. ; nom- 
ina, debts contracted in- the names of others, Sail. ; 
alienis niensibus aestas, the winter montlis, Verg. ; 
alieno vulnerc, a wound meant for another, Verg. 
Subst., alienum -i, n. another man's property, 
Cic. B. 1, not related (opp. propinquus) ; with 
dat, non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv. ; with a 
and the abl., alienissinius a Clodio, Cic. ; 2, 
foreign; domi atque in patria malleni, quani 
in externis atque alienis locis, Cic. Subst., 
alienus -i, m. a, a stranger, cives potlorea 
quani peregrini, propinqui quani alieui ; b, a 
foreigner, Plin. II. Transf., A. Of persons, 1, 
not at home in, not acquainted with, strange to; 
in physicis totus alienus est, Cic. ; 2. estranged, 
unfriendly ; with ab and the abl., ab tiliquo or 
ab aliqua re, Cic. ; with dat., homo inihi alien- 
issinius, Cic. B. Of things, unfavourable; 
alieno loco proclaim committere, in a disad- 
vantageous place, Caes. ; aliena verba, unsuit- 
able, Cic. ; non alienum est. followed by the 
infill., it is not out of plac* to,etc„ Cic. ; aliena 
loqui, to talk nonsense, Ov. ; with aband the abl., 
labor alienus nonab aetata solum nostra, veruni 
etiam a dignitate, Cic ; with simple abl., dig- 
nitate imperii, Cic. ; with dat., quod maxime 
huic causae est alienum, Cic. ; with genit, aliena 
firmae et constantis assensionis, Cic. ; with ad 
and the ace, ad coinmittendum proelium tempus 
alienum, Cic 

aliger.-gera -gerum (ala and gero), winged; 
amor, Verg. 

alimentarlus -a -um, relating to food; lex, 
with regard to a distribution of bread among the 
poor, ap. Cic. 

alimentum -i, n. (alo), 1, food (gen. used in 
the plural) ; alhnenta corporis, Cic. alimenta 
arcu expedire, to get food by the bow, Tac. ; used 
of fire, ignis, Liv. ; transf., seditionis, Tac. ; 2, 
maintenance, hence (like Gr. Tpo<f>e?a), the return 
due by children to their parents for Vieir bring- 
ing up, Cic. 

alimonium -ii, n. (alo), nourishment, Tac. 

alio, adv. (alius), to another place. I. Lit, 
si otfendet me loci celebritas, alio me conferain, 
Cic. ; alius alio, one in this direction, the oilier 
in that, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to another person; 
quo alio nisi ad nos socios confugerent, Liv. ; 2. 
for anotlier end; nusquam alio natus quam au 
serviendum, born only for slavery, Liv. ; 3, to 
another object; si placet sermonem alio trans- 
ferenms, to another topic, Cic 

ftlioqui (alloquTn), adv. (alius and quo! or 
qui, alius and quoine or quine). I. 1, otlier- 
wise, in other respects, introducing an exception ; 
nunc pudore a fuga contineri, alioquin pro victis 
haberl, Liv.; 2, concessive, triumphatuin de 
Tilmrtibus, alioquin mitis victoria fuit, Liv. XL 



\ 



ail i 

ytt, besides, vwreover, else, in general ; Caesar 
>..,i. Ins alioqttln spernendla honorlbus, Tac. 

ftltorsum .'I'i'l allorsus, adv. (contr. from 
blinvorsltiii (alioveranm) and allovorsus (nlioYcr- 

si:-), 1, in vnvther direction, elsewhere; mater 
aneillas Juliet aliani aliorsum ire, in different 
directions, Plant. ; 2, in another manner, Ter. 

alfpes -pedis (aia and pes), 1, having wings 
on the feet; dens, or absol., Mercury, Ov. ; 2, 
swift of font ; equi, Verg. Subst., alipedes, 
horses, Verg. 

Aliphera -ae, f. ('A.\^J>>jpa or 'AXtyupa), a 
town of Arcadia not far from the border of Elis. 

alipta -ae, m., and aliptcs -ae, m. (dXciV- 
ti)?), the anointer in the wrestling-school or the 
l<tths; hence the master of the wrestling school, 
Cic. 

iiliqua (aliquis), adv. I. by some road; evol- 
are, tic. II. in some imy ; uocere, Verg. 

allquamdiu, adv. (aliqni and diu), for a 
inotlenttely long time, Cic. 

aliquammultus or aliquam (sc. par- 
tem) multus -a -urn (aliqui and mnltiis), con- 
tiderable in number or quantity, a jyretly good 
wany ; vestrum aliquam nmlti, Cic. 

aliquando, adv. (aliquis). I. 1, at any 
time, ut some time, ones; sero, verum aliquando 
tanion, Cic. ; si forte aliquando, if by clianceever, 
Cic.; 2, once; dicendum aliquando est, Cic.; 
3 sometimes, occasionally; scribe aliquando 
o<l nos quid agas, Cic. II. at times, on some 
in ; aliquando . . . aliquando, at times 
. . . at timet, Cic. 

aliquantillus -a -nm (dim. of aliquantus), 

v it , i I, (tic. Plant. 

aliquantispor, adv. (aliquantus and per), 
ierately long time, Plant. 

aliquanto, aliquantum, v. aliquantus. 

aliquantillus -a -um (dim. of aliquantus), 

little, small. Adv., aliquantulum, a little, Cic. 

Aliquantus -a -um (alius and quantus), 
vimlrmte, not small; timor aliquantus, spea 
amplior, Sail. Subst., aliquantum -i, n. a 
g,,,*l deal • nuinmomni, Cic. ; temporis, Liv.; ace. 
aliquantum and abl. aliquanto, considerably, 

* mewhat ; qui processlt aliquantum advirtutis 
aditnm, haa made considerable progress towards, 
< lie. ; epulamur intra legem et quidem aliquando, 
r -t sparingly, Cic. ; esp. with comparative, ali- 

• i n;tii t ■ > majorem locum oceuparis, Cic. ; ali- 

post ur ante, some thne after or before, 
Cic. 

aliquatcnus, adv. (sc. parte; from aliquis 
and tonus), to a certain degree, in some measure, 

Ben. 

aliqui, aliquae. allquod (alius and qui), some, 

any; 1, mosc, dolor aliqui, Cic; aliqui ex 

. Cae'g, ; 2, fern., aliquae res, Lucr. j 3, 

nent., simulacrum uliquod, Cic. (For other 

cases see aliquis.) 

aliquis, aliqua, allquid, pron. indef. (alius- 
quis), some one, something, any one, anything. I. 
Gen., 1, used by Itself, a, subst., qnisquia est 
ille, si modo aliquis, if he be any one at all, Cic. ; 
b, adj., aliquis dens, Cic; aliqnS republics, if 
only the state is in existence at all, Cic. ; 2, 
strengthened by alius, allquid aliud videbimna, 
Cic. ; 3, by nuns, aliquis unus plnresvc divi- 
tiores, Cic. ; 4, partitive with ex, aliquis ex 
vobis, Cic. ; 5, like the Gr. n; (Engl, some), to 
express an unascertained number, trea aliqni ant 
quatnor, Cic. ; 0, allquid with gom't. of a subst, 
or ailj., allquid virium, Cic. ; falsi nllqiltd, Cic. ; 
7, with ailj., ali(|uiil dlvinum, Cic. ; 8, with si 
or nisi, ace. aliquid, in any respect; m in me 



) all 

aliquid offendistis, Cic. II. Esp., 1, seme per- 
son or other ; dixcrit hie aliquis, Cat. ; 2, some- 
body or something great or significant; si jnnio 
aliquid assequi so putant, Cic. ; hence, a, esse 
aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody, to be some- 
thing, Cic. ; est aliquid nupsisse Jovi, Ov. ; b, 
dicere aliquid, to say something weighty, Cic. ; 
Vestorio aliquid significes, say something agree- 
able, Cic. 

aliquo, ail v. (aliquis), some or any whither; 
aliquem secum rus aliquo educere, in some direc- 
tion or other, Cic. ; aliquo concedere ab eoruin 
oculis, Cic 

aliquot, numer. indef. indecl., some, several ; 
aliquot epistolae, Cic. ; aliquot diebus ante, Cic. 

aliquoties, adv. (aliquot), several times; 
aliquoties ex aliquo audisse, Cic. 
alls, alid, old form of alius, aliud. 

alitor, adv. (from alis = alius), 1, otherwise, 
in another way ; uon fuit faciendum aliter, Cic. ; 
alius aliter, in different ways, Cic. ; in compari- 
sons, aliter. . . atque, aliter rein cecidisse atque 
opinatus sis, in a different way from what you ex- 
pected, Cic. ; so alitor . . . quam, Cic. ; alitor. . . 
atque lit, Cic. ; non (or hand) alitor . . . quam 
si, quam quum, ac si, just as, Ov. ; non alitor 
. . . nisi, Cic. ; quod certe sciolonge aliter esse, 
is far from being the case, Cic. ; aliter evenire, 
to happen differently, Sail. ; 2, otherwise, else ; 
jus semper est quaesitum aequabile ncque enim 
alitor jus esset, Cic. 

aliubi, adv. (alius and ubi), elsewhere, Plin. 

aliunde, adv. (alius and undo), from some 
other direction; alii aliunde coibant, from dif- 
ferent directions, Liv. ; aliunde quam, from a 
different direction from, Cic. ; aliunde . . . ali- 
unde, Liv. 

alius -a -ml (genit. alius), another, other. I. 
Lit., A. Gen., 1, distributively, one, another; 
aliud est maledicerc, aliud accusare, Cie. ; alii 
. . . alii, some . . . others, Cic. ; also, alii . . . 
reliqui, Cic. ; alii . . . quidam, Liv. ; alii . . . 
pars, Sail, ; alii . . . alii quidam, Cic. ; aliud 
alio melius, one is better tlian the. oilier, Cic. ; alius 
alia via, the one in this way, the other in that, 
Liv. ; alius ex alio, Cic. ; super alium, Liv. ; 
postalium, one after another, Sail. ; alius atque 
alius, now this, now that, Cie. ; 2 } followed by ac, 
atque, et, after a negative by nisi, quam, praetor, 
or the abl.; t x longe alia estsolis et lychnoruni, 
there isa great difference between the light of the 
snn and of (amps, Cic. ; alius essoin atque nunc 
sum, Cic. ; nee quidquam aliud philosophia est 
praetor studium sapientiae, Cic. ; nee quidquam 
aliud libertate quaesisse, anything else but liberty, 
Cie. ; tribunatus Scstii nihil aliud nisi meum 
nomen causamque sustinuit, Cic. ; 3, plur., 
alia, subst., si alia desint, Liv. ; ace. plur., 
alia, in other respects ; alia clarus, Tac; 4, aliud, 
subst. with genit., aliud coiinnodi, Cic. B. Esp., 
1 ? of auguries, alio die, si unus augur alio die 
dixerit, if an augur pronounces the word "on 
another day," i.e. postpones the comitia on the 
a round of unfavourable omens, Cic. ; 2, of another 
■lature, different ; alium faeere, to change, trans- 
form, Plant. ; alium fieri, to be transformed, Cic. ; 
in alia omnia ire, discedere, transire, to dissent 
from, a proposition, be of a contrary opinion (in 
the Roman senate), Cie. II. Transf., 1, the rest; 
I)i\1tiaeo ex aliis (Gallis) maximam fldem habe- 
1 ..it , Caes. ; 2, = alter, one of two; alius Ario- 
vistua, a second Ariovistus, Tac. ; duo Roman! 
super alium alius corruerunt, Liv. 

aliusmodi (alius and modus), of another 
kind, Cie. 

allabor -lapsus, 3. to glide to, come to, flow 
to; angues duo ex occulto allapsi, Liv. ; with 



all 



Si 



alo 



dat. ami ace, antiquis allabimur oris, we land 
vn, Verg. ; lama allabitur aures, Verg. 

allabovo (ad-laboro), 1. to labour at, Hoi'. 

allacrYmo (ad-lacrimo), 1. to weep at, Verg. 

allapsus -us, in. (allabor), a gliding ap- 
proach, II or. 

allatro (ad-l.uro), 1. to hark at; fig., to rail 
at; magnitudinem Africani, Liv. 

aHaudabilis(ad-laiulabilis)-e,j?raiseiiior//ii/, 
Lucr. 

allaudo, 1. to praise, Plant. 

allec, v. alec. 

allecto (allicio), 1. to entice, Cic. 

allectus -a -urn (partic. of 2. allcgo), plur., 
members elected into any collegium, Varr. ; under 
the empire, persons raised by the emperor to a 
higher rank, Plin. 

allegatio -onis, f. (1. allego), re sending of a 
person on, a mission; quum sibi omnes ad iatum 
allegationcs ditftciles viderent, Cic. 

allegatus, abl. -u, m. (1. allcgo), instiga- 
tion, Plant. 

1. allego (ad-lego), 1. I. A. to send on private 
business, to commission (lego of state business) ; 
aliqucm ad aliqucm or alicui, Cic. ; patrem allo- 
gandofatigare,6j/send£?ij messages, Cic. ; allcgati, 
deputies, Cic. B. to instigate, to suborn, Ter. 
II. Transf., to adduce or allege in excuse; nmneia, 
preces, mandata regis sui Scyrotheinidiallegant, 
Tac. 

2. allego (ad-lego) -legi -lectum, 3. to choose, 
to elect ; de plebe omnes, Liv. ; with in and the 
ace, aliquem in senatuin, Suet. 

allevamentum -i, n. (allevo), a means of 
alleviation, Cic. 

allevatio -onis, f. A. Lit., a lifting tip, 
Quint. B. Transf., alleviation; doloris, Cic. 

allevo (ad-levo), I. A. Lit, to lift -up, to 
erect; circumstantium humeris, Tac. B. Transf., 
toligliten, to alleviate; sollicitudines, Cic; pass., 
allevari, to be cheered; allevor, quum loquor 
tecum absens, Cic. 

Allia (Alia) -ae, f. river in Latium,. flawing 
into the Tiber, near which the Romans were de- 
feated by the Gauls, b.o. 389; infaustum Alliae 
nomen, Verg. Adj., Alliensis -c. 

alllccfacio, 3. to entice, Sen. 

allicio -lexi -tectum, 8 (ad and *laeio), to al- 
lure, entice, draw to oneself; ad so alliccre etattra- 
here ferritin (of the magnet), Cic. ; tig., oratione 
benigna multitudinis animos ad beuevolentiani, 
Cic. 

allido -lisi -lisum, 3. (ad and laedo). A. Lit., 
to strike against, dash against ; allidi ad scopulos, 
Caes. B. Transf., allidi, to suffer danuige ; in 
quibus (damnationibus) Servius allisus est, Cic. 

Allifae -arum, f. a town of the Samnites on 
the left bank of the Vulturmis, now Alife in tho 
Terra di Lavoru ; hence Allifanus -a -urn, 
■relating to Allifae. Subst, Alllfana -Oram, 
n. (sc. pocula), earthenware drinking-vesscls of 
some si:e, Hor. 

alllgo (ad-llgo), 1. to tie to, bind to. I. Lit., 
A. Gen., aliquem ad palum, bind a criminal to 
the stake for punishment, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
{o make fast; unco dente velut maim ferrca iu- 
jecta alligavit alterius proram, Liv. ; unco nou 
alligat (naves) ancora morsu, Verg. ; 2, to bind 
by a fastening, a, of a wound, vulnus, Cic. ; b, 
of fetters, Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen., to fetter, 
bind; videas civitatis voluntatem solutani, vjr- 
tutem alligatam, Cic. ; tristi palus inainabilis 
anda alligat, confines, imprisons, Verg. B. Esp., 
1, to bind by friendship or obligations ; lion inodo 



beneficio sed etiam benevolentia alligari, Olc. i 

2, in rhet., of tho constraints of metre, ut verba 
neque alligata sint quasi ccrttt lege versus, Cic. ; 

3, to bind by promise, oath, etc. ; lex omnes 
mortales alligat, Cic. ; sacris alligari, to pledge 
oneself t<> perform the sacra gentilicia, Cic. ; alll- 
garo sc scclerc, to become an accomplice in a 
crime, Cic. ; alligatus, implicated or involved in 
a crime, Cic. 

allino (ad-lino) -levi -litum, 3. to smear on, or 
over, to bedaub, Cic. 

allium -i, n. garlic, Plin. 

Allobroges -urn, m. the Allobrogcs, a Gallic 
2>eo2)le between the Rhone and the I sere, ; noin. 
sing., Allobrox, Hor. ; Ciceronein Allobroga 
(Le. speaking bad Latin) dixit, Juv. Adj., 
Allobrogicus -a -tun, as a surname of Q. 
Fabius Maximus, conqueror of the Allobrogcs. 

allocutio -onis, f. (alloquor), an address, a 
speaking to, Plin. 

alloquium -i, n. (alloquor), exhortation, en- 
couragement, consolation; benigni voltils et allo- 
quia, Liv. ; alloquio firmare militeni, Tac. 

alloquor -lucut.us sum, 3. to address, exhort, 
encourage, Cic. ; aliqucm benigne, leniter, Liv.; 
patriam lnacsta voce ita lniscritcr, Cat. 

alliibesco, 3. inch, (ad and lubet), to begin 
to please, Plant. 

allucco -luxi, 2. to shine at, or upon; Fortuna 
faculain tibi allucet, offers thee a favourable op- 
portunity, Plant. 

alludo (ad-ludo) -lusi -lusum, .3. 1, to jest 
at, to sport with ; Galba alludens varie etcopiosc, 
Cic; 2, of waves, to play or dash upon; alia- 
dentibus undis, Ov. ; quae fluctus salis allude- 
bant, Cat." 

alluo (ad-luo) -tii, 3. to wash; used of the sea, 
alluuntur a mari nioenia, Cic. ; fig., Massilia 
quum barbariae fluctibus alluatur, exposed to 
barbarians, Cic 

alluvlcs -ei, f. (alluo), a pool caused by the 
overflow of a river, Liv. 

alluvio -onis, f. (alluo), alluvial land, earth 
deiwsited by water, Cic. 

Almo -onis, m. a small brook on the south side 
of Rome, now A quaiaccio. 

almus -a -uin (alo), nourishing ; ager, Verg. ; 
fair, gracious, propitious, kind; Venus, Hor. 

alnus -i, f. the alder. I. Lit., Plin. II. 
Meton., a ship of ulderwooil, Verg. 

alo, illui, altum and aiituin, 3. to nourish, 
support. I. Lit., A. Of living things, 1, to rear ; 
altus cducatusque inter anna, Liv. ; 2, to keep; 
ansercs in Capitolio, Cic. ; magnum nunierum 
equitatus suo suniptu, Caes. ; se alere or ali, 
with abl., or ex and the abl., to support oneself; 
se suosnne latrociniis, to live by brigandage, 
Caes. B. Of things, 1, of land, etc., to provide 
means of existence; cum agellus eum non satis 
alere t, Cic ; venatus viros pariter ac feminas 
alit : Tac. ; 2, of tho earth, to nourish; tellus 
huniida majores herbas alit, Verg. ; 3. to support; 
a, plants, gramen erat circa quod proximus 
humor alebat, Ov. ; b, of rivers, amnis indues 
qucm super notas aluero ripas, have swollen, 
Hor. ; idem (Libanus mons) amnem Joidaiwmi 
alit funditque, Tac ; c, of fire, llammas, Ov. ; 4, 
of tho means that support tho body, to give 
strength to; otia corpus alunt, Ov. II. Transf.', 
to increase, promote, advance; houos alit artes, 
Cic. ; ho.ssuccossus alit, encourages, Verg. ; civi- 
tatem, promote the good of the stale, Caes. : alere 
spein mollibus sentcntiis, Cic.r" " 

aloe -es, f. (aKpr)), the aloe; transf., bitter' 
nets; plus aloes quam mellis liabet, Juy. 



Alo 



32 



alu 



Aloeus-Pi, m. CAAueu'?), a giant, son of Nep- 
tune, Aloidac ■arum, m. tons of Alorus (Ottts 
uuil Kphialtes), ijiaiits who trfftl to storm heaven. 

Aloidae -arum, in. ('ASuei&ai), v. Aloeus. 

Aldpe -es, f. ('AAdnij), a tou<n in Opuntian 
l/terls. 

Alpes -Tn in, f. (Keltic alb, alp = height, high 
mountain), the Alps; hence A. Alpinus -a 

•inn. B. AlpiCUS -a -inn, Alpine. 

alpha, bidecl. n. (uA^a), the name of the first 
letti i in the Greek alphabet, Juv. ; pro v., the first, 
.Mart. 

Alpheus -i, in. ('AA"J>e«A), the principal river 
of the Peloponnesus jiowing through Klis to the 
sea ; the river-god Alpheus was said to have 
ilived under thu sea in pursuit of the nymph 
Arethiisa, ami to havo come up in Sicily ; hence 
Alpheias -;Vlis, f. surname of the nymph 
Arethiisa. Adj., Alpheus -a -um, belonging 
to the river Alpheus, Yerg. 

Alsium -ii, n. one of the oldest towns in 
Etrvrta (now the village Palo), near which 
Ponipeitis had an estate ; hence adj., Alsl- 
ensls -e, belonging to Alsium, villa (of Pompeius), 
Cic. Subst, Alsicnsc -is, n. (sc. praedium), 
the estate of Pompeius, Cic. 

alsius (alsus) -a -nm, frosty, cold, Lucr., Cic. 

altanus -i, m, a S.W. wind, Suet. 

altaria -Iuin, n. (altus). I. the slab upon the 
altar (ara), on which the fire is lighted, Quint. 
II. a high altar; ecce duas tibi, Daphui, duas 
altaria Phoebo, Yerg. ; an altar, Cic. 

nlte, adv. (altus). I. on high, highly. A. Lit., 
cadere, from a height, Cic. B. Transf., speetare, 
to have high aims, Vic. II. deeply. A. Lit., sulcus 
altius impressus, Cic. B. Transf., quod verbuin 
in Jugurthae pectus altius qnani quisquain 
ratus erat descendit, Sail. ; petere, to seek far 
and wide, Cic. ; altius perspicere, to see farther, 
Cic. 

alt£r -t?ra -terum (genit., alteYIus, in poetry 
also altering; dat., altcri), one of two, the 
ojk>, the other. I. Lit., A. Gen., consilium alter, 
Liv. ; niter . . . alter, the one . . . the other; 
so alter . . . ille or hie. or iste, or a subst. ; in 
plur., alteri diinicant, alteri victorem timent, 
Cic. ; with the second alter in n different case. 
niter alterius ova frangit, Cic. B. F.sp., 1, alter 
ambove, S. E. V., a form in the senate, one of the 
consuls, or both, si eis videbitur, Cic. ; 2, the 
second ; fortunate puer, tu nunc oris alter ab 
lllo, you will be second to him, Verg. ; units et 
alter dies, one or two, Cic. ; 3, used appellnt, 
another, a second; me sicut alteram parcntem 
diligit, a second iiarent, Cic. ; tainquam alter 
idem, a second self, Cic. ; 4, the, other, i.e. the 
opposite ; ripa, Caes. ; pars, the opposite faction, 
Cic. ; qnoties te speculo videris alteram, changed, 
Hor, II. Transf., another, in the sense of ynur 
■neighbour, fellow creature; qui nihil alterius 
causa facit, Cic. 

altcrcatfo -onis, f. (altercor), 1, a, dispute, 
virangllng, debate ; ma<'na non disceptatio niodo, 
sed etiam altercatio, Liv. ; 2. lcgnl t. t., cross- 
examination In a court of justice, Cic. 

altorcator -oris, m . (altercor), a disputant, 
Quint. 

altercor, 1, dep. (alter), to dispute, contend in 
words, quarrel. I. Gen., A. Lit, nltcrcnri cum 
ftliquo, Caes. B. Transf., poet., nltercante 
libidinibus pavore, contending with, Hor. II. 
Legal t. t. to cross-examine, to cross-riueslion ; in 
altercando invenlt parem neminem, Cic. 

alterno, 1. (alternus). x. Trans., to do first 
one thing, then another ; fldeni, make at one time 
tredible, at another not, Ov. ; vices, Ov. II, 



Intrans., A. Lit. to change; 5111 alternantM 
magna vi proclia niiscent, changing sides, Verg; 
B. Transf., to hesitate; haec alternanti potior 
sententla visa est, Yerg. 

alternus -a -um (alter). I. one after the 
other, by turns, alternate, interchanging ; ser- 
mones, dialogue, Ilor.; versions, in alternate song, 
Verg. ; alteriii metus, mutual fear, Liv. ; alterno 
pede terrain quatiiint, first -with one foot then with 
another, Hor., altenia loqui cum aliquo, to hold 
a conversation with, Hor. II., A. Of metre, 
elegiac verse, where hexameter and pentameter 
alternate ; pedes alternos esse oportebit, Cic.; 
canero alterno carmine, Ov. B. Legal 1. 1., reji- 
cere alterna consili.i or alternos judices (of 
plaintiff and defendant), to challenge a number 
of jurors, Cic. 

alteriiter, alterutra (altera utra), alter- 
utrum (alteram utrum); genit, alterutrins, 
one of two, Cic. 

Althaea -ae, f. ('A\9 a (a), wife of Oeneus, 
king of Calydon, mother of Meleager. 

alticinctus -a -um (altus and cingo), high 
girt ; hence busy, Phaedr. 

altilis -e (alo). A. Of domestic animals, fat- 
tened, fed up; hence subst, altilis, f. (sc. avis), 
a fowl, Hor. B. Transf., rich, Plant. 

altisonus -a -um (alte and sono). I. sounding 
from on high; Jnppitcr, Cic. II. Transf., high- 
sounding, sublime; JIaronis altisoni carmina, 
Juv. 

altitonans -tis, thundering from on high, 
Lucr. 

altitude -Inis, f. (altus). I. height. A. Lit, 
niontinm, Cic. B. Transf., sublimity ; orationis, 
Cic. II. depth. A. Lit., fluminis, Caes. B. 
Transf., altitudo animi, secrecy, reserve, Cic. 

altiusculus -a -um (dim. of altius), a little 
too higli, Suet. 

altivolans -antis (altus and volo), flying 
high, Lucr. 

altor -oris, in. (alo), a nourishcr, a foster- 
father; omnium rernm seminator et sator et 
parens, ut ita dicam, atque educator et altor 
est nnindus, Cic. 

altrinsecus, adv. (alter and secus), on the 
other side, Plaut. 

altrix -Icis, f. (altor), a nurse, foster-mother ; 
terra altrix nostra, Cic. 

altrovorsum, adv. (alter and versus), on the 
other side, Plaut. 

altus a -um (ulo), I. high. A. Lit... Cic, 
Caes. ; with pcc. of measure, signnni septem 
pedes altum, Liv. Subst., altum -i, n. height ; 
a, aeditlcia in altum edita, Tnc. ; b, esp., the 
height of the heavens; ab alto, Vcrg. B. Transf., 

I. of position, altior dignitatis gradus, Cic. : 2, 
or the voice, shrill; altiore voce, Quint. ; 3, of 
gods and exalted persons, Apollo, Verg. ; Caesar, 
Hor. ; Aeneas, high-born, Verg. ; 4, of speech, ele- 
vated ; nimis nltam et exaggeratam (orationeni), 
Cic; 5, of character or intellect, < lofty ; te 
natura excelsum quendani et altum genuit, Cic. ; 
vultus, a lofty fiiien, Hor.; 6, ancient; altior 
memoria, Cic. ; aliquid ex alto petere, Verg. 

II. deep. A, Lit., flumen, Caes. ; with ace of 
measure, quinquaginta cubita altum mare, 
Plin. Subst, altum -i, n. depth, esp. the deep 
sea ; in portum ex alto provehi, Cic. B. Transf., 
1, of quiet, etc., deep; soninus nltus, Liv. ; 2, 
deep-seated ; pavor, Taa. ; 3, secret ; si nltior istis 
subprecibus venia ulla latet, Verg. ; 4, depth (at 
mind); ex alto dissimulare, to dissimulate pro- 
foundly, Ov. 

alucinatlo-onis, f. (alucinor), hallucination! 
delusion, Sen. 



aid 



33 



ainb 



alucinor, 1. dep. (connected with aAi/'w), to 
wander in. mind, dream, to talk idly ; ego tamen 
slispicor, hune, ut solet, alucinari, Cic. 

alumna -ae, f., v. alumnus. 

alumnus -a -urn (alo), a nursling, a foster- 
son. I. Masc, A. Lit., child of a country, in- 
habitant, Verg. ; Italia aluinnujn suum videret, 
Cic; sutrinae tabernae, a cobblet, Tac.; legionum, 
brought up in the camp, Tac. ; of animals, parvi 
alumni, the young of the flock, Hor. B. Transf., 
pupil, disciple; Platonis, Cic. ; fig., ego, ut ita 
dicani, pacis alumnus, Cic. II. A. Fein., foster- 
child ; nostra haee alumna et. tna profecto filia, 
Plant. ; aquae dulcis alumnae, frogs, Cic. poet. 
B. Transf., bene constitutae civitatis quasi 
alumna quaedam eloquentia, Cic. III. Neut., 
mmien alumnum, Ov. 

Aluntium (Haluntluin) -Ii, n. ('AAouyTtoO, 
a town on the north coast of Sicily, now Caronia. 
Adj., Aluntmus -a -urn. 

aluta, -ae, f. a kind of soft leather, Caes. ; 
hence, ineton., 1, ashoe, Ov. ; 2, apurse, Juv. ; 

3, an ornamental patch, Ov. 

alvearium -ii, n. a beehive, Verg. 

alveatus -a -urn (alveus), hollowed like a 
trough, Cato. 

alveolus -i, in. (dim. of alveus), 1, a little 
hollow, a tray, trough, bucket, Juv., lav. ; 2, « 
gaming board, Cic. 

alveus -i, in. (connected witli alo), a hollow, 
av excavation ; 1, a trough, Liv.; 2, a boat, Verg. ; 
the hold of a ship, Sail. ; 3, a bath.ing-tub, Ov. ; 

4, the led of a stream; quia sicco alveo transiri 
poterat, Liv. ; 5, a beehive, Tib. ; vitiosae ilicis 
alveo, the hollow of a tree in which bees settled, 
Verg. ; 6, a gaming-table, Plin. 

alvus -i, f. (alo). I. the belly. A. Lit, pur- 
gatio alvi, Cic. B. Transf., 1, the womb, Cic; 
2, the stomach, Cic II. the hold of a ship, Tac 
III. a bee-hive, Plin. 

Alyattes -is or -ei, m. ('AAuarnjs), king of 
Lydia, father of Croesus. 

Alyzia -ae, f. ('AAvfia), a small town ofAcar- 
nania, with a temple of Hercules, now Porto 
Caadello. 

amabilis -e (amo), amiable, lovable; ama- 
bilior mihi Velia rait, quod te ab ea amari sensi, 
Cic. ; amabile carmen, lovely, Hor. 

amabilitas -atis (amabilis), amiableness, 
PIaut._ 

amabiliter, adv. (amabilis), 1, amiably, 
Hor. ; 2, lovingly, Cic. 

Amalthea -ae, f. ('AfjidXBeia), a nymph, the 
nurse of Jupiter in Crete, according to others, the 
goat on the milk of which Jupiter was reared ; 
the cornu Auialtheae or Copiae was placed among 
thestars ; hence Amalthea -ae, f., and Amal- 
theum or Amalthium -i, n. a sanctuary of 
Amalthea, in Epirus, near to the estate of Atticus. 

amandatio -onis, f. (amando), a sending 
away, Cic. 

amando, 1. to send auvy, to send to a dis- 
tance; aliquem Lilybaeum, Cic. ; transf., nntura 
res similes procul amandavit a sensibus, Cic. 

amans -antis, p. adj. (amo), 1, loving, fond, 
affectionate. I. Adj., A. Lit., pater amantissi- 
mus, Cic. ; with gen., amantissimus reipublicae, 
Cic. B. Transf., of things, inea fidelissima atque 
amantissima consilia, Cic. II. Subst, c. a lover, 
Cic. 

amanter, adv. (amans), lovingly, Cic. 

Amantia -ae, f. ('A/min-ia), atown in Ilhir'm, 
now Nivitza; hence Amantiani -nrii'i: 
the inhabitants of Amnntia. 



amanuensis -is, m. = a mahu servus, n 
secrelilry, clerk, Suet. 

Amanus -i, m. ("A/iacos), a range of moun- 
tains in Asia Minor, dividing Cilicia from Syria 
(now Alma Dagh); hence Amanierises -tarn, 
m. the mountaineers of Mount Amanus. 

amaracinus -a -urn, made of marjoram. 
Subst., amaracinum -i, n. (sc. unguentiun), 
marjoram ointment, Lucr. 

amaracus -i, c, and amaracum -i, n. 
(afidpcLKos), marjoram, Verg. 

amarantus -i, in. (a.^apavTos, unfading), the 
amaranth, Ov. 

amare, adv. (amarus), bitterly, Sen. 

amaritudo -Inis, f. (amarus). I. Lit, bitter- 
ness of taste, Varr. II. Transf., a, that which is 
bitter, unpleasant, Plin. ; b, in rhet, vocis, on 
excessive vehemence, lutrshness of voice, Quint. 

amaror -oris, m. (amarus), bitterness, Lucr., 
Verg. 

amarus -a -uni, bitter. A. Lit.,1, of taste, 
Cic. ; 2, of smell, pungent ; fumus, Verg. ; 
B. Transf., 1, disagreeable, unpleasant; his- 
toriae, tedious, Hor. ; curae, Ov. Neut plur., 
amara -Drum, what is unpleasant, Hor. ; 2, 
■irritable, susceptible; ainarioreni me senectus 
facit, Verg. ; 3, of speech, biting, acrimonious ; 
lingua, Ov. 

Amaryllis -Wis, ace. -Ida, f. OAMopuAAi'O 
name of a shepherdess. 

AmarynthlS -idis, f. surname, of Diana, from 
Amarynthos, a place in Euboea where Diana 
was worshipped. 

Amasenus -i, m. a river in Latium, now 
Amaseno. 

AmaslS.acc-iin, abl. -i, -e, or-Ide, m. ("A/xa- 
o-is), one of the Egyptian Diaraohs. 

amasius -Ii, m. (amo), a lover, Plaut. 

Amastris -Idis, f. ("A^ao-Tpis), a town in, 
Paphlagonia, now Amasserah ; hence Amas- 
triacus -a -urn, belonging to Amastris; orae, 
coasts of Pontus, Ov. 

Amata -ae, f. myth., wife of king Latinus, 
mother of Lavinia. 

Amathus -untis, f. ('A^oeoO?), a city oj 
Cyprus, famous for the worship of Venus ; hence 

Amathusia, Venus; Amathusiacus -a 

•urn, Ai.iathtisian. 

amatio -onis, f. (amo), love-making, intrigue, 
Plaut 

amator -oris, m. (amo), 1, one who loves, a 
friend ; vir bonus amatorque noster, Cic. ; ama- 
tores huic(Catoni) desunt, admirers, readers of his 
works, Cic. ; so of a thing, puri sermonis, Caes. ; 
sapientiae, pads, Cic. ; 2, lover ofawoman, jxira- 
movr; virginem abamatorum impetu prohibere, 
Cic. 

amatorculus -i, m. (dim. of amator), a 
little lover, Plaut 

amatorie, adv. (amatorius), amorously, Cic. 

amatorius -a -um(amator), loving, amorous ; 
sermo, Cic ; poesis (Anacreoutis), Cic. ; frui 
voluptate amatoria, Cic. 

amatrix -Icis, f. (amator), a mistress, sweet- 
heart, Plaut. 

Amazon -dnis, f., gen. in plur., Amazones 
-am ('Ana^dves), myth, nation of female trar- 
riors; hence, 1, Amazonis -idis, f. = Amazon, 
Verg. ; 2, Amazonicus -a -uni, Amazonian; 
3, Amazonius -a -urn, Amazonian; vir, Hip- 
polytnu, son of an Amazon by Theseus. Ov. 

amb. ambi, and ambe. an inseparable 

• • «i'inn. Rntering into the composition o' 

•••I •' tt'irnit (an in ambedo, etc.)- 



arrTo 



34 



ambactus -i, m. a vassal, Cacs. 

ambadodo, :i. to tat round, consume utterly, 
riant. 

ambages, abl. -e, f. (of sing, only nbl. 
(build, complete in the plur.), going round, 
roundabout way, winding. I. Lit., variorum 
ambagc viarum, of a labyrinth, Ov. II. Transf., 
A. circumlocution; missis ambagibus, without 
circumlocution, Ilor. B. obscurity, ambiguity ; 
ambages canere, of the Sibyl, Verg. ; imincmor 
ambagum, of the Sphinx, Ov. ; C. shifts, prevari- 
cation; falsi poaitis ambagibus oris, Ov. 

Ambarri -5rnm, m. a Gallic people east of 
the Aedui, with ichom they were related. 

ambedo -edi -csum, 3. to eat round, consume, 
Verg. 

Ambianl -orum, m. people in North Gaul, on 
the Homme. 

Amblbarli -orum, m. Gallic people in Nor- 
mandy (whence the modern Ambieres). 

amblgo, S. (amb and ago). I. Lit., to go about 
or round. II. Transf, A. to doubt, hesitate, be 
■uncertain ; jus quod ambigitur, Cic. ; ambigitur, 
impers., followed by de and the ab!., or with 
relative or infinitive clause, or with negative 
followed by quill aud the subj., quum de vero 
ambigetur, Cic. B. to dispute, contend, at law 
or otherwise; cum eo qui heres est, Cic.; de 
hereditate, Cic. 

ambigiic. adv. (ambiguus), 1, ambiguously ; 
scribere, Cic. ; 2, indecisively; equites ambigue 
ccrtavere, Tac 

ambigultas -fitis, f. (ambiguus), ambiguity; 
verbornm, Cic. 

ambiguus -a -nm (ambigo). I. moving from 
tide to side, of doubtful nature; Proteus, Ov. ; 
virgn, Siren or Sphinx, Ov. ; viri, Centaurs, Ov. ; 
ambiguain promisit Salamina, a second'Salamis, 
Hor. II. Transf., A. uncertain, doubtful; am- 
biguus lanti certainluls lieres, Ov. ; imperandi, 
not resolved on, Tac. Subst., ambigiium -i, 
n. uncertainty ; nonhobul amblguum, / had no 
doubt, Cic. ; rellnquere in ambiguo, Lncr. B. 
Of speech, ambiguous, obscure; oracula, Cic. 
Subst., amblguum -i, n. ambiguity; ex am- 
biguo dicta, Cic. C. uncertain, untrustworthy; 
Baes, I.iv. ; tribuni, Tac. ; res possessionis baud 
anibigune, with a clear title, Li v. ; res, insecure, 
Tac. ; aquae, changing, Ov. 

Ambiliati -orum, m. a Gallic people on the 
Somme. 

ambio -Ivi and -ii -Itum, 4. (amb ami eo, but 
conjugated regularly ace. to the 4th conjug. ex- 
cept imperf. ambloat, Liv.). I. to go round. 

A. Lit., ut ten-am lonae cursus proximo ambiret, 
Cic. B. Transf., to surround ; silvas profunda 
palua ambibat, Jar. ; vallum armis, Tac II. A. 
t<, go round canvassing for votes, or help; ad id 

igl vldebaturambientes, l.iv.; pass., popu- 
lus facit eos a qulbus est maxime ambitus, Cic. ; 

B. to address individuals; reginam affatu,Verg. ; 
t-; pauper ambit Bollicita prece ruris colonus, 
nppioachts with prayer, Hor. 

Ambiorlx -rlgis, m. joiner of the Eburones 
in Gallia Belgica. 

ambltio -onis, f. (ambio). A. a canvass- 
ing for office in a lawful manner; opp. ambitus 
fa. v.); in.' ambltio et foren.it labor ab omni 
ilia cogitations abstrabebat, Cic B. Transf., 
striving after honours; 1, after public office, 
desire for office ; roe ambltio quaedam ad 
honorum studlum duxit, Cie.; 2, desire for 
fame, display, pomp; funemm nulla ambitlo, no 
empty pomp, Tac.; 8, factiousness; non pnto 
exist imareteambitione melabi, Cic. ; 4, striving 
after something ; conciliandae provinciae ad novas 
at*^, Tac. 



ambitiosc, adv. (ambltiosus), 1, aspiringty} 

pet ore rognuni, Li v. ; 2, with, a view to one's in- 
terest, selfishly; non vulgaritcr nee ambitioso 
scribere, Cic. 

ambltiosus -a -nm (ambitio). 1, twining 
around ; lascivis hederis ambitiosior, Ilor. ; am- 
bitioso omamenta, excessive, Hor. ; 2, a, eager for 
public office, ambitious; patres mollem consulem 
et ambitiosum rati, Li v. ; b, vain, ostentatious, 
pretention* ; amicitiae, interested, Cie. ; mors, os- 
tentatious, studied, Tac. ; c, eager to win favour, 
seeking after popularity ; dux indiilgens ambi- 
tiosusque, Liv. ; vogationes, meant to win 
popularity, Cic; d, striving after anything; 
Musa nee in plausus ambitioso mea est, Ov. ; 
amor, Ov. 

ambitus -us, m. (ambio), a going round. I. 
Gen., A. Abstr., circuit, revolution ; siderum, 
Cie. B. Concr., 1, course, orbit; stellarum ro- 
tund! ambitus, Cic; transf., circumlocution; 
multos circa unam rem ambitus facere, Liv. ; 2, 
circle, edge ; extremus ambitus campi, Tac; esp., 
the space left round a house, Cic. ; 3, extent, castra 
lato ambitu, Tac. II. going round to entreat. 
A. Lit., illegal canvassing for office, bribery; lex 
de ambitu, Cic. ; ambitus aliquem accusare, 
damnare, Cic. B. Transf., striving after honours, 
Plin. ; popularity-hunt ing, Tac. C. striving for, 
with genii., ambitu remanendi aut cundi, Tac. 

Ambivareti -orum, m. a Gallic people, allies 
of the, Aedui. 

Ambivariti -Orum, m. a Gallic people on the 
Maas, near modern Breda. 

Ambivius, L. Ambivius Turpio, a celebrated 
actor in Home, contemporary of Terence. 

ambd -ae -8 (dn<|>u)), both, two together (uter- 
que, two considered separately) ; hie qui utrumquc 
pro hat, ambobus debuit uti, Cic. 

Ambracla -ae. f. ('AuPpaKia), town on the. 
south, border of ICpirus, near the sea, now Aria ; 
hence, l,adj., Ambracicnsis -e, Avibracian ; 
2, Ambracius a -um, Ambrai iav ; 3, subst., 
Ambraciotcs -ae, m. inhabitant ofAmbracia> 

Ambrones -um, m. a Keltic people defeated 
by Marias in the war with the Cimhri. 

ambrosia -ae, f. (ii±ppooia), 1. ambrosia, 

the food of the gods, Cie. ; orator ambrosia alen- 
dus, of a distinguished orator, Cie. ; 2, a mira- 
culous unguent, giving divine beauty and making 
immortal, Verg. 

ambrosius -a -um (a/ippoo-ios), divine, im- 
mortal, ambrosial ; dapes, Mart. ; comae, an- 
ointed with ambrosia, Verg. 

Ambrysus -i, f. a town in Phoeis, now 

Dystonia. 

ambubajae -arum, f. (Syrlanabub, anbub, 
the flute), Syrian music women and prostitutes 
in Rome, Hor. 

ambulacrum -i, n. a walk shaded with 
trees, Plant. 

ambiilatio -onis, f. (ambulo), 1, a walk, 
Cie. ; 2, a place for walking, a promenade, Cic 

ambiilathmcuTa -ae, f. 1, a little walk, 
Cic. ; 2, c little promenade, Cic 

ambulator -oris, in. (ambulo), one who walks 
about, a lounger, Cato; pedlar, Mart. 

ambulatorius -a -um (ambulo), movable, 
Plin. 

ambiilatrlx -iois, f. a gadding woman, Cato. 

ambulo, I, (dim, of ambio). I. to go back- 
wards ami forwards, to walk, Cie. ; defessus 
sum ombulondo, Ter. ; bene ambnla, ftoii 
D ryage, Plaut. ; ergo ambnla, be off with you, 
riant.; ambulare in jus, to go to law, riant.; 
of soldiers, to march; eodein modo ambulat 



amb 



35 



amo 



Caesar Ut, etc., Cie. ; to travel over, to traverse; 
with ace., quuin (Xerxes) maria ambulavissct, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. Of things, Nilus immenao 
longitudinis spatio ambulans, Plin. B. to go for 
a walk, in hortis cum Galba, Cic. 

amburo -ussi -ustum, 3. I. A. to burn 
round, to scorch, to burn up ; illedomi sitae vivns 
exustus est; hie sociorum umbustus incendio 
tamen ex ilia fiamina periculoque evasit, Cic. ; 
ambnstatigna, Liv. ; of lightning, to scorch; am- 
luistns Phaethon, Hor. Subst, ambustum 
-i, n. a burn, Plin. B. Of cold, to tiip, numb; 
ambusti multorum artus v! frigoris, Tae. II. 
Transf., to injure; ambustas fortunarum mcarum 
reliquias, Cic. ; damnatione collegae et sua prope 
ambustus evaserat, Liv. 

ambustus -a -tun, partic. of amburo. 

amellus -i, m. the purple Italian starworl, 
Verg. 

Amenanus -i, m. (Anevavos), a river of 
Sicily, now Indicello; also used as : an adject., 
Amenana ttumina, Ov. 

aniens -entis, mad, Insane, senseless; metu, 
Liv. ; aninii, in mind, Verg. ; homoaudacissimns 
atque amentissimus, Cic. ; consilium amentissi- 
mmn, Cic. 

amentla'-ae, f. (aniens), insanity, madness, 
folly ; in istam amentiam incidere, Cic. 

amento, 1. (amentum), to furnish with a 
strap; hastae, Cic. ; and (in a figure) ha3tae 
amentatae, ready-made arguments, Cic. 

amentum -i, n. (for agimentum). I. aiirap t 
thamj, Caes. II. a shoe-tie, Plin. 

Ameria -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now 
Amelia; hence adj., Amerinus -a -urn, be- 
longing to Ameria. 

Anicr lola -ae, f. a town in the Sabine country. 

ames -itis, m. a forked pole, for suspending 
fowlers' nets, Hor. . . 

Amestratus -i, f. CA^jio-TpaTo?), a town on 
the north coast of Sicily, on the Halaesus, now Mes- 
tretta; hence Amestratinus -a -um, belong- 
ing to Amestratus. 

amethystinus -a -ran, 1, amethyst-coloured ; 
vestes, Mart. Subst., amethystina.'-orum, n. 
(sc. vestimeuta), dresses of that colour, Juv. ; 2, 
set with amethysts, Mart. 

amethystus -i, f. (a/^'flvoros), an amethyst, 
Plin. 

amfr actus =anfractus (q.v.). 

arnica -ae, f. (v. amicus). 

amice, adv. (amicus), in a friendly manner ; 
amice facis, Cic. ; amice pauperiem pati, will- 
ingly, Hor. ; with dat., vivere vitae honiinum 
amice, as the friend of man, Cic. 

amicio -lciti and -ixi -ictmn, 4. 1. to clothe, 
wrap round ; amictus toga, laena, pallio, Cic. ; 
2, Transf., to cover, conceal; nube cava amictus, 
Verg. ; piper et quidquid chartis amicitur in- 
eptis, wrapped up in, Hor. 

amiciter = amice (q.v.). 

amicitia -ae, f. (amicus), friendship. I. Lit., 

A. friendship betwxen persons ; est mini amicitia 
cum aliquo, Cic. ; amicitiam facere, jungere, 
gerere, dimittere, dissociare, dissolverc, Cic. 

B. In politics, friendship between states ; omni 
tempore in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduao 
fuissc, Caes. ; in amicitiam populi Homaui venire, 
Liv. ; C. Of inanimate things, sympathy, Plin. 
II. Meton., friends; parcet amicitiisetdignitati- 
bus, Cic. 

amicities -ei, f. = amicitia (q.v.), 

amictus -a.3, m. (amicio). A. putting on of 



a garment, Cic. ; esp., the manner of wearing the 
toga; nihil est facilius quam amictum imitari 
alicuius aut statum aut motuin, Cic. B. Meton., 
1, a garment, Verg. ; 2, covering ; nebulae 
amictus, Verg. 

amxcula -ae, f. v. amiculus. 

amiciilum i, n. (amicio), a mantle, cloak, 
Cic. 

amiculus -i, m.| and amiciila -ae, t. (dim. 
of amicus), a little friend, Cic. 

amicus -a -um (amo). I. friendly, well- 
wishing, inclined, favourable to. A. Absol., 
amicus amicissimus animus, ,Cic. ; homines 
sibi conciliare ainiciores, Cic. B. With inter 
se, or erga aliquem, or dat., velim ut tibi amicus 
sit, Cic; arnica Into -sus, Hor.; of things, 
silentia lunae, Verg. ; aniicmn est inihi, it 
jileases me ; secundum te nihil est' mihramicius 
solitudine, Cic. II. Subst. -, A. amicus -i, m.-, 
a, a friend; intinius, Cic. ; veritatis, Cic. ; of. 
states, socius atque amicus, Cic; b, in_plur., 
the retinue of a Roman governor, Suet.; the 
courtiers' of tlie emperor, Suet. B. arnica -ae, 
f. a friend or a mistress, Cic 

Aminaeus -a -um, belonging to Amuuiea, a 
district of Picenum, famous for its wine, Verg. 

Amisia -ae. I. m. (o 'A/uo-ias), a river in 
North Germany, now the Ems. II. f. a place at 
the mouth of the Ems. 

amissio -onis, f. (amitto), a loss; pppidorum, 
Cic; esp. of a loss through death; liberorum, 
Cic. 

amissus -us, m.= amissio (q.v.). 

Amisus (Auiisos) -i, f. (*Amktos), and Ami- 
sum -i, n. a town in Ponlus, now Samsun. 

amita -ae, f. a father's sister (opp. matertera, 
q.v.), an. utint, Cic. 

Amlternum -i, n. a town in tlu 'Sabine coun- 
try, birthplace of the historian Sallust ; hence 
adj., Amiterninus -a -um, aud Amitcr- 
nus -a -uin, Amiternian. ~ 

amitto -misi -missum, 3. to send away, to let 
go. I/A. Lit., Plaut. B. Transf., to give up; 
omnes has provincias, Cic. II. to let go, to let 
slip. A. Lit., praedam de manibus, Cic. ; ocea- 
sionem, Cic. ; tempus, Cic. B. to lose; vitam, 
Cic. ; litem, Cic. ; mentem, Cic. ; fldeni, credit, 
Phaedr. ; esp. to lose by death; filiuiu consu- 
larem, Cic. 

Ammianus Marcellinus -i, m. historian 
of the fourth century a.d., who wrote a history of 
Rome from Nerva to Valeus (91-378 A.D.), the 
first books of which are lost. 

Amnion (Hamnion) -onis, m. (" ky.y.o>v), a 
Libyan deity, with a temple in the Oasis of Siwah, 
worshipped in Rome under the name of Jupiter 
Amnion, Cic. Adj., Ammoniacus -a-um. 

amnicola -ae, c. (amnis and colo), dwelling 
by the river-side ; salix, Ov. 

amniculus -i, m. (dim. of amnis), a little 
river, Liv. 

amnis -is, m. (orig. apnis, from same root 
as Lat. aqua, Skr. ap.). A. a stream of water, a 
river; non tenuis rivulus sed abundantissimus 
amnis, Cic. B. Poet., the stream; secundo amni, 
down stream, Verg. ; the ocean, Verg. ; a torrent ; 
ruunt de niontibus amnes, Verg. ; water, Verg. 

amo, 1. to love from inclination or passion 
(diligcrc, to love from esteem); mo non diligl 
.solum, vcriim etiam ainari, Cic. ; 1, a, ali- 
quem mirlnce, Cic; b, aniare sc, to love one- 
self selfishly, Cio. ; c, aliquem de, or in aliqua 
re or quod, to feel obliged or bound to a person; 
te multum amamus, quod ea abs te diligen- 
ter parvoque curata sunt, Cic. ; amabo te, or 



aino 



Sfl 



amp 



amabo, please, be so good ; amabn te, advola, Cic. ; 
d, to love something; amavi amorem tun in prout 
ipse amabat litteras, Cic. ; amat Janoa lfmcn, 
tungtto, llor. ; with inlln., hie amea did pater 
atque prineepa, Hot. ; o, to b» wont, accustomed ; 
quae in fleri :imat, Sail. ; 2, to love passionately, 
sensually; ibi priinuin Insnevit exereitus populi 
Romani amare, to lust, Sail. 

amocno, adv. (ainoenus), pleasantly, Plant. 

amocnitas -at is, f. (ainoenus). I. Gen., 
pleasantness. II. Esp., a, of situatiuu , hor- 
torum, Cic. ; urbium, Liv. ; plur., araoeuitatea 
or.irum ac litorum, Cic; absol., pleasant situa- 
tion, Cic. ; b, of other things, vitac, Tac. ; as 
a term of endearment, mea amoeiiitas, Plant. 

amoenus -a -um. I. Gen., pleasant, delight- 
ful. IL Esp., a, of place; locus, Cic. Subst., 
amoena -oruni, n. pleasant places, Tac. ; b. of 
other things, vita, Tac. ; cultus, luxurious, splen- 
did, Liv. ; c, of persons, Venus, Plant. 

amolior, 4. dep. to remove. I. Lit., objecta 
onera, Liv. ; se, to take oneself off, Plaut. II. 
to get rid of. A, Of persons, Octaviam uxorem, 
Tac. B. Of something unpleasant, to remove; 
Uedecus, Tac C. In speech, to pass over; amolior 
et ainoveo nomen meum, Liv. 

imoraum -i, n. (aimi/iov), a shrub, from 
which a costly balsam was prepared, Verg. 

amor (anios) -oris, in. (amo), love frominclina- 
lion (caritas, love from esteem). I. A. Lit., nostcr 
in te amor, Cic. ; ainplecti or prosequi aliqnem 
amore, Cic. ; habere aliqnem in amore, Cic. ; 
]iabere amorem erga aliqnem, Cic. ; in amore 
esse alicui, to be loved by some one, Cic. ; in a bad 
sense, passion; amore perdita est, Plant. ; plur., 
amores hominum in te, Cic. ; mihi est in amori- 
bus, he is loved by me, Cic. ; In a bad sense, 
ainores et hae delieiae quae vocantirr, Cic ; 
personif., the god Cupid, Verg. B. Meton., the 
object of love, darling ; amor et delieiae generis 
humani (Titus), Suet. ; esp. in plur., amores et 
delieiae tuae, Cic. II. love for something, d> sir,' ; 
consulatns, Cic; cognitionis, Cic. ; scribendi, 
Hor. 

amotlo -onis, f. (amoveo), a removing ; 
doloris, Cic 

amoveo -movi -niotum, 2. to move away, re- 
move. I. Lit., A. Gen., 1, of things, neque in 
amovendo neque in exportando frumento, Cic. ; 
2, of persons, aliquem ex istis locis, Cic. ; ali- 
qnem ab altaribus, Liv. ; amoto patre, in the ab- 
sence of the father,Tm\; seamovere, to depart, Ter. 
B. Esp., 1, euphem., to steal ; boves per dolum 
amotae, Hor.; 2, to banish; in insulam, Tac. 
II. Transf., A. Gen., to remore something un- 
pleasant; ab se cnlpam, Liv. B. Partic, 1, of 
things, sensuin doloris mci a aententia dicenda 
amovebo, Cic ; 2, of persons, to remore from a 
post; Satnrniuin quaestorem a sua fruinentaria 
procuratione, Cic. 

Amphiaraus -i, m. ('A/^iapao?), a cele- 
hratfd Argive soothsayer, son of O'icles (or Apollo) 
and llypermnestra, husband of Eriphyle, jother 
cfAkmaeonandAmphilochus, participatoragainst 
his will in the expedition of the Seven against 
Thebes ; when flying from Polyclymenus he 
was, by the order of Zeus, taken up from the 
earth and made immortal ; hence, a, Am- 
phiaracus -a -urn, belonging to Amphiaraus ; 
b, Amphlareiades -ac, m. son of Amphi- 
araus = Alcmaeon, Ov. 

amphibolla -ae, f. (a/i</>i£oAi'a), ambiguity, 
double meaning, Cic. 

Amphictydnes -um, m. ('Au((ii«rvo«5), the 
Amphictyons, a religious assembly of representa- 
tives of the Greek states, held first at Thermopylae 
and afterwards at Delphi. 



Amphllochi -Crum, m. rt people hi Add? 
nania; hence Amphilochia -ae, f. theit 
country; and Argos Ampniloclrium, oi 
Amphllochicum -i, n. its chief town, now 
I'hilokia. 

Amphion -"mis, in. ('Aii^'ui'), kingo/Thehes, 
and husband ofKiabe; said to have raised the 
walls of Thebes by the magical power of his lyre ; 
hence arecs Amphionis, i.e. Thebes, Ov. Adj., 
Amphionius -a -uni, belonging to Amphion. 

Amphipolis, aec. -im, f. ('A/nfu'TroAis), 
Athenian colony in Macedonia, on the Strymon. 

amphisbaena -ae, f. (a^io-paiva), a kind 
of African snake, Plin. 

Amphissa -ae, f. ("A/i</uo-o-a), a town of the- 
Ozolian Locrians, near modern Salona ; hence 
Amphissius -a -um. 

amphitheatralis -e (amphitheatram), be- 
longing to the amphitheatre ; spectaculum, Plin. 

amphltheatriCUS -a -um = amphitheatra- 
lis (q.v.). 

amphltheatrum -i, n. (a^iBUrpov), an 
amphitheatre, an oral building for gladiatorial 
shows and public spectacles, Tac. 

Amphltrlte -es, f. (,'An<f>iTpiTn). the wife of 
Neptune, goddess of the sea; hence, tliesea, Ov. 

Amphitryon and Amphitruo -finis, m. 
(' An<l>LTpvuv), king of Thebes, and husband of 
Alcmcna, the mother of Hercules by Jupiter; 
hence Amphitryonlades -ae, m. the son of 
Amphitryon, i.e. Hercules, Verg. 

amphora -ae, f. (a/i4>opevs). A. a two- 
handled vase, pitcher, or jug, generally made of 
clay or glass, chiefly used for wine, Hor. ; hence, 
meton., wine, Hor. ; used also for honey, Cic, oil, 
Cato. B. 1, a measure for liquids, 1 umae or 8 
congii or 4S sextarii, about 5| gallons ; 2, mea- 
sure of the tonnage of a ship, as we use ton, about 
SO Roman pounds ; naves onerariae quartim 
minor nulla erat dunm millium ampnorum, 
Cic 

amphoralis -e (amphora), containing an 
amphora, Plin. 

Amphrysos -i, m. ('A/i<ppv<rds), a stream in. 
Phtkiotis, near which Apollo kept the flocks of 
Admetus; pastor ab Amphryso, Avollo, Verg. 
Adj., Amphrysius -a -um ; Amphrysia vates, 
the Sibyl (beloved by Apollo), Verg. 

ample, adv. (amplus). I. richly, amply;, 
amplisaime dare agrnm, most liberally, Cic II. 
magnificently, splendidly, exornare triclinium, 
Cic. ; of oratory, elate et ample loqui, with 
dignity and weight, Cic. Esp. in compar., 
amplius, I. more ; amplius aequo lamentari, 
Lucr. II. A. Of space or time, more, farther; 
non lnctabor tecum amplius, Cic. ; a. amplius 
pronuntiare, a judicial formula, to adjourn the 
hearing of a case ; quum consules re audita 
amplius de consilii sententia pronuntiavissent, 
Cic. ; b, a formula in contracts, sales, etc., am- 
plius non peti, thatno further elaimismade, Cic. ; 
C, esp. of definite measures of time, with nom., 
ace, abl., genit., generally without quam; am- 
plius centum cives Romani, Cic ; non amplius 
pedum DC, Caes.; triennio amplius, Cic; absol., 
xvi. non amplius legiones, 16 legions and no more, 
Liv. B. further, more, in addition; quid est 
quod jam amplius exspectes, Cic ; hence the 
formulae, a, non dico amplius, 1 soy nothing fur- 
ther, Cic ; b, hoc or co amplius ; besides, more- 
over ; esp. t. t. in the senate, Servilio assentior 
et hoc amplius censeo, / give my adhesion to Ser- 
vians' proposal, but make an addition to it, Cic. 

amplector -plexus sum -plecti, 3. dep. 
(ami) and plecto). I. Lit. to surround, encircle. 
A. with the arms or hands, to embrace; 1, aram, 



amp 



37 



au 



Tac. ; dext ram, Verg. ; 2, toembraee lovingly, Ov. 
B. to surround; tellurem alls (of night), tocover, 
Verg. ; hostium aeiem, Liv. ; of lire, ignis proxima 
quneque et dciuccps eontinua ainplexus, Liv. 
II. Tiunsf., A. to welcome, receive; libentertalem 
amicuui, Cie. B. 1 ? to love, esteem; aliquem 
aniore, Cic. ; 2, to prize; tanto amore suas pos- 
SCssiones, Cic. ; 3, to embrace in thought, to con- 
sider; si .index non omnia amplectotur consilio, 
Cic. ; 4, to embrace, in the sense of to include 
ov comprise ; quod idem interduin virtntis 
nomine auiplectiinur, Cie. ; 5, toembraee or 
touch on in discourse ; argumentuin pluribus 
verbis, Cie. ; omnia communiter, Liv. 
amplexor, 1. dep. (intens. of amplector) ; 

1, to surround, encircle, embrace, Cic; transf., 
Appius totuin me amplexatur, Cic. ; 2, to 
honour, esteem; aequabilitatem juris, Cic. 

amplexus -us, m. (amplector). A. a sur- 
rounding, encircling, embrace; draconis or ser- 
pentis, Cic. ; aliquein amplexibus necare (of a 
snake), Ov. B. Transf., terrarum amplexu, the 
circuit of the earth, Liv. 

ampliatio -onis, fi^amplio), the adjournment 
of a suit, Sen. 

amplificatio -onis, f. (amplifico), an enlarg- 
ing, increasing. I. Lit., rei familiaris, Cic. II. 
Transf., a, an enlarging, heightening; honoris 
et gloriae, Cic. ; b, in rhetoric, enlargement, am- 
plification, Cic. 

amplif Icator -oris, m. (amplifico), one u<ho 
enlarges ; dignitatis, Cic. 

amplifico 1. (amplus and facio), to en- 
large. A. Lit., civitatem, Cic. ; divitias, Cic. 
B." Transf., 1, to increase; voluptatem, Cic; 

2, in rhetoric, to dilate upon, magnify; aliquid 
dicendo amplilicare atque oriiare, Cic. 

amplio, 1. (amplus), to make wide, enlarge, 
increase. I. Lit., civitatem, Plin. ; equitum 
centurias, Liv. II. Transf., a, to glorify ; no- 
men, Mart. ; b, legal t.t., to adjourn the hearing 
of a case (see under ample II. A.a) ; causaui, Cic. 

' ampliter, adv. = ample (q.v.). 

amplitude) -inis, f. (ampins), breadth, size. 

A. Lit., simulacrum inodica amplitudine, Cic. 

B. Transf, 1, amplitudines quaedam bonorum, 
increase of property, Cic. ; 2, greatness; iiomiiiis, 
Cic. ; 3, dignity, grandeur; maxima cum gloria 
ad summam amplitudinem pervenire, Cic. ; 4, 
dignity of expression ; Platonis, Cic. 

amplus -a -van, adj. with eompar. and 
superl., large, spiacious, ample. A. Lit., 1, of 
space, size, etc. ; doinus, Cic. ; 2. of number, 
height, quantity, etc. ; pecuniaamplissima, Cic ; 
ampliores copiae, Caes. Neut. subst., am- 
plius, imponebat amplius quain ferre possent, 
Cic, ; with genit., si amplius obsidum dare velit, 
Caes. B. Transf., 1, great, important ; occasio, 
Cic. ; ampla spes, Sail. ; 2, honourable ; praemia, 
Cic. ; ainplum Tuscis ratus, thinking it an 
Iwnourfor the Etruscans, Liv. ; 3, excellent, highly 
esteemed; ainplae et honestae familiae, Cic; 
amplissimi viri, men. of the highest position, Cic. ; 
especially of public offices, amplissiiuus honor, 
the consulsliip, Cic. 

Ampsancti (sc. lacus), or Ampsanctus 
-i, m. a lake in. the country of the IUrpini, said 
to be one of the entrances to the lower world. 

ampulla -ae, f. (dim. of amphora; amp(h> 
orula, amporla, ampurla, ampulla). A. a flask, 
bottle, Cic. B. Transf., bombast; prnjioit ain- 
pullas, llor. 

ampullaceus -a -um (ampulla), bottle- 
shaped, Plin. 

ampullarius -i, m. (ampulla), a bottle- 
1l>akcr f Plaut. 



ampullor, 1. dcp. (ampulla, P.), to speak 
bombastically, Hor. 

amputatio -Onis, f. (amputo), a culling off, 
pruning, Cic. 

amputo, 1. to cut off. A. Lit.,1, of plants 
or trees, to lop or prune; ranios inutilcs, llor. ; 
tig., non solum ranios ampittore niiseriarum, 
Cic. ; 2, to cut off a part of the body ; caput, 
Tac. ; as medical t. t., to amputate ; in cor- 
pore quidquid est pestiferum, Cic. B. 1, to 
shorten, diminish; multitudinem sententiarum, 
Cic. ; 2, amputata loqui, to speak disconnectedly, 
Cic. 

Ampycus -i, m. ("A^h-uko?)- I. son of 
Iapetus, a singer and priest of Ceres, killed at 
the wedding of Perseus by Pettalus. II. one 
of the Lapithae, father of Mopsus ; hence, Am- 
pycides -ae, m. a descendant of Ampycus, i.e. 
Mopsus. 

Ampyx -pycis, in. ('A^iiruf). I. a comrade 
of Phineus, turned into stone by the Medusa's head 
at the wedding of Perseus. II. one of tlie Lapi- 
thae, killed by the centaur Oiclus at tlie wedding 
of Firithous. 

amuletum -i, n. (Arab, hamalet = a pen- 
dant), a charm, amulet, Plin. 

AmullUS -li, in. king of Alba Longa, who 
drove his elder brother, Numitor, from the 
throne, and exposed in the Tiber Numitor's 
grandsons, Romulus and Remus. 

amurca -ae, f. (a^dpyij), the oil-lees, Plin. 

amussis (ace. -im), f. a carpenter's rule ; ad 
amussim, exactly, Varr. 

Amyclae -arum, f. ('AuvkKou). I. a town in 
Laconia, south-east of Sparta: myth., home of 
the Dioscuri and of Hele>ia. II. an old town in 
Latiuvi (sa<d to have been founded from Amy- 
clae L). Adj. Amyclaeus -a -um, belongiiig 
to Amyclae, Amydaean ; pluma, of the swan, in 
allusion to the story of Juppiter and Leda, 
Mart. ; fratres, the Dioscuri, Verg. ; hence poet. 
Luconian ; canis, Verg. 

amygdalum -i. n. (a/jivy&aXov), an almond, 
Ov. 

Amymone -es, f. ('A^v/h.'ht)), daughter of 
Daiuius, beloved by Neptune, who in her honour 
caused a fountain to spring out of the rock near 
Argos. 

Amyntas -ae, m. fA/ivi/ras), name of several 
Macedonian kings, the most famous of whom 
was Amyntas II., /a(7ter of Philip of Macedon, 
and grandfather of Alexander the Great; hence 
Amyntiades -ae, m. Philip. 

Amyntor -Sris, m. ('Av.vvru>p),J;ing of the 
Dolopes, father of Phoenix; hence Amyntor- 
Ides -ae, in. a son of Amyntor = Phoenix, Ov. 

amystis -idis, f. (omvcttis), the emptying of a 
goblet at a draught, Hor. 

Amythaon -onis, m. ('Ap.vB6.ijtv) father of 
Melampus, Bias, and Aeolia; hence, Amjr- 
thaoniUS -a -um, son of Amythaon. 

an, conj. or, whether, introduces the second 
clause of a direct or indirect double question, 
or of a sentence implying doubt. I. A. Of sen- 
tences implying doubt ; 1, after utrum, utrumne 
and ne, honesturnne factu sit an turpe, dubitant, 
Cic; 2, without a verb of doubt, or rather; 
non plus duobus an tribus mensibus, Cic. B. 
Elliptically, where the first clause is to be un- 
derstood, dubito an, hand scio an, or nesclo 
an, / don't know whether it is not, 2'erhaps, jwssi- 
bly ; baud scio an satis sit, eum qui lacesserit, 
in'juriae suae poenitcre, Cic. ; with a negative, 
/ don't know whether it is; dubitet an turpe non 
sit, whether it is base, Cic. C. Ljke uura, whethir 



ana 



38 



And 



(poet or in post-Augustan prose), quis scit an 
adjiciant hodiernae crastina suminae tempora di 
supcri. Hot. II. In diroct or indirect questions. 
A. Where both sentences are expressed ; 1, in 
direct questions, utrum ea vestra an nostra 
culpa est, Cic. ; 2, in indirect questions, id 
utrum Romano more locutus sit an quo niodo 
Stoici dicunt, postea videro, Cic. B. Elliptically, 
where the tlrst part of the question is suppressed, 
often to express Irony or astonishment, or then ? ; 
an etiam id dubium est? Cic; an censes niliil 
inter nos convenire? Cic. 

anabathrum -i, n. (ara/Jaflpoi*), a raised 
seat Juv. 

Anacharsis -Idis, in. ('Aroxopo-i?), a Scythian 
who, it was mid, visited Athens in the time of 
Solon. ■ • , 

Anacrcon -ontis, m. ('Ara/cpeW), a lyric 
paetZofTepi in lonia(bW — JTSn.c.). Adj., Ana- 
crcontius -a -uin, Anacreontic. 

anadema -atis, n. (avdSruia), an ornament 
or fillet fur the head, Lucr. 

Anagnia -ae, f. CAvayvia), a town inlxitium, 
capital of the Jlemici, now Anagni. Adj., An- 
agnlnus -a -uin, belonging to Anagnia. 

anagnostes -ae, ni. {avayvunrrni), a reader, 
Cic. 

analccta -ae, m. (ii/aXeyw)', a slave vhose 
duty it loots to collect and remove crumbs after a 
mud, Mart. 

analogia -ae, f. (avaKoyla), proportion, com- 
parison,, analogy, Varr., Quint. 

anancaeum -i, n. (Ji.va.yKo.Tov, unavoidable), 
a large drinking cup, bumper, Plaut. 

anapaostus -a -um (irarroio-Tos), pes, or 
simply aiuipaestus, a metrical font, an ana- 
paest (v u -), Cic Subst., a, anapaostus -i, 
in. a verse comjxised of anapaests, Cic. ; b, ana- 
paestum -i, n., a poem in anajiacstic verse, Cic 

anaphora -ae f. (ava<popa), 1, the rising of 
the heavenly bodies, Plin. J 2, in rhetoric, the 
repetition of a word at the. beginning of several 
sentences (as in Cic. Verr. ii. 2<>). 

Anaphe -es, f. ('Avaufry), an island east of 
Thera, one of the Sporades, now Namfi, oiArwfi. 

Anapus, -i, m. ("Ai-an-os), a river in Sicily, 
near Syracuse, now Anapo. 

Anartcs -mm, ni. ('Avaproi.), a people in 
Daciu. 

1. Anas -ae, m. ("A^as), a river in Spain, now 
Wadirwnn or Gnadiana. 

2. anas, itnatis, f. a duck, Cic 

anaticula -ae, f. (dim. of anas), a little duck, 
Cie. 

anatocismus -i, in. (avaTOKia/iot), com- 
pound interest, Cic 

Anaxagoras -ae, m. CAi-afaydpaO, a philo- 
sopher of the old Ionian school, friend and teacher 
of Pericles and Euripides. 

Anaxarchus -i, m. ('Ai/afapxoO, a philo- 
sopher of Abdera. 

Anaxiraandcr -dri, m. {'Ava^iavSpot), a 
philO$OpKer of MiUtus, pupil ofThales. 

Anaximenes -is, m. ('Ai/aft/ieVr)?), a philo- 
sopher of Miletus, pupil of Anaximuiuler. 

anceps -cipitis, abl. sing, -cipiti (an and 
caput). J, Lit., two-headed; Janus, Ov. ; neu- 
men nwnfis", -two-peaked, Ov. II. Transf., with 
two sides. A. two-edged; seenris, Ov. B. 1, 
coming on both sides, behind and before; qutUll 
anccps.hostis et a fronte et a tergo urgeret, Li v. ; 
anceps proelinm, abattlewheretheenemy attack on 
both sides, Caes. ; anceps metns ctab cive ct ab 
host*, Ljv. } 2, of two natures; bestw om«si 



ancipites, amphibious,Cic. ; anceps faciendi dicen. 
clique sapientia, Cic. C. 1. ambiguous; oraeu- 
lum, Liv. ; 2, uncertain, undecided ; belli fortuna, 
Cic; proelium, Liv. ; 3, unsettled; Lncanua 
an Apulus anceps, uncertain whether a I.ucanian 
or an Ajmlian, Hot. ; 4, dangerous, hie locus 
tain anceps, Cic 

Anchialos (its) -i, f. ('AyxiaAos), a small town 
of Thrace on the l'ontns Kuxinns, now Alciali. 

Anchises -ae, in. ('Ayxio-y<;), son of Cams and 
father of Aeneas; hence 1, adj., Anchiseus -a 
-um, belonging to ■ Anchises ; 2, Anchisiades 
-ae, m. a. descendant of Anchises, i.e. Aeneas, Verg. 

ancile -is, n. (connected with *ancus, 
curved), 1, a shield which fell from heaven in 
the time of Numa, on the preservation of which 
the safety of the Roman empire was supposed to 
depend, Liv. ; 2, any oval shield, Yerg. . (hete- 
rocl. genit. plur. anciliontni, llor.). 

ancilla -ae, f. a maidservant, female slave, 
Cic. ; used as an attrib., mulier ancilla, Ball. 

ancillariolus -i, ra. (ancilla), a lover of maid- 
servants, Mart. 

ancillaris -e (ancilla), relating to a maid-ser- 
vant; artilicium, Cic 

ancillor, 1, dep. (ancilla), to serve as a maid- 
servant ; hence, to seme slavishly, Plin. 

ancillula -ae, f. (dim. of ancilla), a little 
maidservant, Liv. ; tig., idcirco istain juris 
scientiam tamqiiam anciliulam pedisequamque 
adjunxisti, Cic 

ancisus -a -inn (amb and caedo), cut round, 
Lucr. 

Ancon -onis, f. ('AyKuv, elbow), and An- 
cona -ae, f. a town in 1'icenum, on the Adriatic 
Sea; hence Anccnitanus -i, m. an inhabitant 
of Ancona. 

ancora -ae, f. (ayxvpa), an anchor; anco- 
ram jacere, Caes. ; figere, pangere, to cast an- 
chor, Ov. ; tollcre, to weigh anchor, Caes, ; con- 
sistere ad ancoram, in ancoris, to Heat anchor, 
Caes. 

ancorale -is, n. (ancora), a cable, Liv. 

ancorarius-a -uin (ancora), belonging to an 
anchor; funis, Caes. 

Ancus (see Marcius). 

Ancyra -ae, f. ("Awupa). I. the chief town 
of the Tectosdges, capital of Galalia, now Angora; 
hence, Ancyranus -a -um, belonging to An- 
cyra; Ancyranum monumentum, an inscription 
put up by Augustus at the entrance to his temple 
at Ancyra, relating the chief events ofhislife. II. 
a town in rhrygia, on the borders of Mysia and 
Lydia. 

andabata -ae, in., a kind of gladiator who 
fought with a helmet that had no openings for the 
eyes, Cic. 

Andanla -ae, f. (Av&avia.), an old town in 
Messenia, between Megalojwlis and Messene, now 
Andorossa. 

Andecavl -orum, m. and Andes -itim, m. 
a Gallic people on the Loire with a town of the 
same name, now Angers. 

1. Andes, v. Andecavi. 

2. Andes -turn, f. town in the Mantuan 
country, birthplace of Virgil, now Pietola. 

Andracmon -onis, , m. (' AvSpaCnuv). I. 
father of Amphissus, husband of Dryope. II. 
(also Andrcmon) ling of Calydon, father of Tfroas. 

Andriscus -i, in. ("ArSpicntcK), a slave who 
gave himself out to be the son of the Macedonian 
king rersens, and ainseil the Third Macedonian 
War, which ended with tin- reduction of Macedonia 
into a Roman province by Metellus, 



And 



39 



ang 



Androgeos, or -geus -i, m. CA^poycws), 
son of Mi)ios and rusiphae, killed by the Athe- 
nians, who were consequently attacked and sub- 
(fated by Minos, and forced to pay a tribute of 
youths and maidens to the Minotaur. 

androgynus -i, in. (apSpdyuros), a herm- 
aphrodite, Liw, Oic. 

Andromache -es and -cha -ae, f. ('Ai-Spo- 
/jaxi). wife of Hector, and, after the capture of 
Troy, the captive of Fyrrhusjuul subsequently 
wife of Hcknus; appell., a young and beautiful 
wife, Mart. 

Andromede -es, f., and -da -ae, f. (AvSpo- 
nd&ri), daugliter of the Aethiopian king Cepheus 
and of Cassiopeia, exposed to a sea-monster, but 
rescued by Perseus (ace. -an, Ov., Met. iv. 671, 
and Ars Am. i. 53.) 

Andronicus -i, m. ('AvSpovUos), L. or T., 
Livins, the earliest of the Soman tragic poets, a 
native of Magna Graecia, the slave of M. Livius 
Salinator (about 240 B.C.). 

Andros and Andrus -i, f. C'-^pos), the 

most northerly of the Cyclades, now Andro; hence 
adj., Andrius -a -uni, Andrian; subst., An- 
dria -ae, f. the Woman of Andros, name of one 
of Terence's comedies. 

anellus -i, m. (dim. of anulus), a little ring 
Hor. 

anetlmm -i, n. (avnQov), dill, anise, Verg. 

anfractus -us, m. (an and frango). A. a 
turning, bending; solis, revolution, Cic. ; anfrac- 
tus curvus valli.s, winding, Verg. ; recta regione, 
si nullus anfractus intercederet, no tortuous 
windings, Caes. B. Transf., a, legal intricacies ; 
jiuliciorum, Cic. ; b, prolixity, Cic. 

angellus -i, m, (dim. of angulus) a little 
corner, Lucr. 

angina -ae, f. (dyx^). the quinsy, Plaut 

angiportum -i, n. and (rarely) angipor- 
tUS -us, in. (ango and portus), a narrow street, 
Cic. 

Angitia (Ancitia, Anguitia) -ae, f. a 
goddess of the dwellers round the lake Fucinus 
(now Lago di Celano), of the Marsi and Marrubii ; 
nemus Angitiae, a grove on the west bank of lake 
Fucinus (now Selva d'Albi). 

Anglii -arum, in. a branch of the Suevi, living 
in modern Altmark. 

ango, 3. (root ANG, Gr. ArX, whence an- 
gulus, angustus, dyx<»)- I. to l»'ess together, to 
throttle; a, guttur, Verg.; b, to distress ; ea 
collisio mistoruni omnia generis anhnantium 
odore insolito urbanos ct agrestem confertum 
in arta tecta aestu ac vigiliis angebat, Liv. II. 
to torment, make anxious; alicuius animum and 
aliquem, Cic. ; angebant ingentis spiritus virum 
Sicilia Sardiniaque amissae, Liv. ; pass., angi 
animi or,animo or simply angi, to be grieved or 
troubled; alicuius decessu, Cic.; de Statio 
inanumisso et nonnullis aliis rebus, Cic. ; me 
angit or angor, followed by quod, or the ace. 
and the infill., Cic. 

angor -5ris, m. (ango). I. 1, a pressing 
together of the gullet, throttling, Pliu. ; 2, physi- 
ccd distress; aestu et angore vexata, Liv. II, 
mental distress, anguish, trouble; confici angori- 
bus, Cic. 

Angrivarii -orum, m. a German tribe on the 
Weser. 

anguicomus -a -urn (unguis and coma), 
having snaky hair, Ov. 

anguiculus -i, in. (dim. of anguis), a little 
snake, Ov. 

anguifer -ft'ra -fCrum (anguis and fcro), 
Siw.ke-bcaring. ; Gorgo, Prop, 



anguigena -ae, c. (anguis and geno = gigno), 
snake-born, Ov. 
ang u ilia -ae, f. an eel, Plaut. 

anguimanus -us, m. snake-handed; cle- 
phantus (so called from the snake-like move- 
ments of its trunk), Lucr. 

anguine us - a -um (anguis), pertaining to 

a. snake, snaky, Ov. 

anguinus -a -um = anguineus (q.v.). 

anguipes -pedis (anguis and pes), snake- 
footcit, Ov. 

anguis -is, c. (ango). I, a snake, Cic. ; 
prow, frigidus latet anguis in herba, there w 
danger, Verg. II. 1, the constellation Draco, 
Verg.; 2, the constellation Ophiuchus, Ov. (abl. 
anguc, rarely — but sometimes in Cicero— angui). 

Anguitencns -cutis, m. (anguis and teneo, 
translation of Gr. 'O</>io0x°s) the Smilce-holder ; 
the constellation Ophiuchus, Cic. 

Anguitia, v. Angitia. 

angiilatus -a -um (angulus), angular, cor- 
nered, Cic. 

angulosus -a -um (angulus), full of corners, 
Plin. 

angulus -i. m . (root ANG, Gr. ArX, whence 
ango, angustus, dyx"). A. a corner, angle, Caes. 
B. 1, an angle in mathematics, Cic. ; 2, the ex- 
tremity or corner of a country ; cxtremus angulus 
agri Bruttii, Liv. ; 3, a bastUm/IAv. ; 4, a retired 
spot; in ullo angulo Italiac, Cic. ; tig., ad istas 
verborum angustias et ad omnes litterarum 
angulos, Cic. ' 

angustc, adv. with comiiar. and superl. 
(angustus), narrowly, in a confined manner. I. 
Lit., A. of space, sedere, Cic. B, Of number 
or quantity, sparingly ; uti re frumentaria, Caes. 
II. A, mi a narrow, circumscribed manner; 
angiistius apud Graccos valere, Cic. B. briefly; 
dicere, Cic. 

angustia -ae, f., gen. pi. angustiao 
-arum, f. (angustus), narroivness. A. Lit., 
fretorum, Cic. ; spiritus, shortness of breath, Cic; 
absol., defiles, narrow jotssm, Caes. B, Transf., 
1, obscure or narrow reasoning ; tantas in an- 
gustias ct stoicorum dumcta (orationeni) com- 
pelliinus, Cic; 2. of time, shortness ; ahgustiae 
temporis, Cic. ; 3, of circumstances, straitened 
condition, poverty ; pecuniae, aerarii, rei famili- 
aris, Cic. ; absol., poverty, ap. Cic. ; 4, difficidly, 
distress; in angustias adduci, Cic; J5, of dis- 
position, na)*row-mindediiess, Cic. ' 

angusticlavius ii, m. (angustiis and 
clavus), wearing a narrow stripe of purple on 
his tunic; epithet of a plebeian military tribune, 
Suet. 

angustus -a -um (root ANG, Gf. ArX, 
whence ango, ayxi», angulus), narrow. A. Lit., 
1, of space, narrmv, strait (opp. latus) ; pons, 
Cic. ; 2, of other things, habenae, tightly-drawn, 
Tib.; spiritus angustior, s/wrfbreatfi, Cic. Subst., 
angustum -i, n. a narroio space; in angusto 
tendere, to encamp in a narrow space, Liw ; an- 
gusta viarum, Verg. B. Transf., 1, in angustum 
deducere perturbationes, to bridle, Cic; in angus- 
tum concluderc, to confine, Um it,|Cic. ; 2, of time, 
short; nox, Ov. ; 3, of circumstances, straitened, 
poor, scarce ; res frumentaria, Caes. ; angustas 
civium domos, Tac ; liberalitas angustior, Cic. ; 

4, of other things, precarious, critical, uncer- 
tain ; res angustae, Cic. ; fides angustior, Caes.; 

5, of character, narrow-minded ; alii minuti ct 
angusti, Cic. ; of porcoption, sensus, Cic ; 0, 
of speech, a, concise; dismitationcs, Cic; 

b, petty, narrow, subtle; concertationcs, Cic. 
Subst., angustum -i, n. difficiUty; res est in 
angusto, Caes, 



aiili 



40 



aiii 



anhclatio -onis = anhelitus (q.v.). 

anhclator -oris, in. (nnhclo), one who 
breathes with difficulty, Plin. 

anhelitus -us, in. (anhelo). A. short, quick 
breathing, puffing, panting; aiihelitum dacere, 
Plaut. ; anhelitus moventur, Cic. ; asthma, 
Plin. B. Transf., 1, breath, Ov. ; 2, exhalation, 
vapour; terrae, Cic. 

anhelo, 1. (am ami helo). I. Intransit., to 
thaw a heavy breath, puff, pant. A. Lit., Verg. 
B. Of lifeless objects, to roar; fornacibus igniia 
anhelat, Verg. II. Transit., A. to produce 
tvith jxinting ; verba inrlata et quasi anhelata 
gravius, Cic. B. to pant for, desire eagerly ; 
scelus, Cic. 

anhelus -a -urn (anhelo) = anhelans. I. 
puffing, panting ; equi, Verg. II. Me ton., caus- 
ing to pant ; febris, Ov. 

anicula -ae, f. (dim. of anus), a little old 
woman, Cic. 

Allien -enis, v. Anio. 

Aniensis, Anienus, v. Anio. 

Anigros -i, m. ("Awypos), a river in Tri- 
phylia (Elis). 

anilis -c (anus), belonging to or like an old 
woman; vultus, Verg. ; rugae, Ov. ; esp. with 
the notion of superstition orjclly, superstitio, 
Cic. ; fabellac, old wives' tales^&ic. 

ailllitus -iitis, f. (anilis), old age (of women), 
Cat. 

aniliter, adv. (anilis), like an old woman; 
id dicitis superstitiuse atque aniliter, Cic. 

anima -ae, f. (connected with au, a-niii). I. 
Lit. A. vrind; impellunt animae lintea Thra- 
ciae, the north winds, Hor. ; quantum ignes 
auimaeque valent, of Vulcan's bellows, Verg. B. 
1, the air as an element, Cic. ; 2, tht, breath; ani- 
iiiaiu ducere, Cic. ; coutinere, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. the vital principle, the soul (anima, physical ; 
animus, spiritual) ; 1, Lit., a, neque in homine 
inesse aniiuum vol animam nee in bestia, Cic; 
the. spirits of the dead, Suet. ; the vital principle in 
plants, Plin. ; b, life; animam edere, to give up 
the. ghost, Cic. ; animam agere, to be in the agonies 
of death, Cic. ; trahere, to dragon existence,' Liv. ; 
dum anima est, as long as he is alive, Cic. ; of 
the blood as the source of life, purpuream vomit 
animam, life-blood, Verg. ; 2, Melon., a living 
being; ova parire, non animam, ElUi. ; used as a 
term of endearment, soul; vo3 meae carissimae 
animae, Cic. ; egregiae animae, Verg. B. (Like 
animus), the rational soxd; anima rationis con- 
siliique particeps, Cic 

animabilis, -e (animo), animating, giving 
life; natura, Cic. 

animadversio -onis, f. (animadverto). I. 
perception, observation; excitare animadversion- 
em et diligentiamut nc, &c, Cic. II. Transf. A. 
punishment ; censoria, Cie. ; Dolabullao in au- 
daces sceleratos, Cic. ; vitiorum, Cic. ; used eu- 
phein. tor capital punishment, Cic. B. censure, 
blume, Cic. 

animadversor -oris, m. (animadverto), an 
observer, Cic. 

animadverto (animadvorto), -verti 
{,-vorti), -versum (-vorsum), :i. (fur auimum od- 
vcrto). I. to take notice of, attend to : non aniin- 
«dvili in paee, Cic. ; followed by lelat. sunt. ; 
ut auiiuadvertam quae fiant, Cic. ; by ut or ne 
and the subj., animadvertant ne callida assen- 
tatione cnpiantiir, Cic. ; t.t., of tlie lictor, to 
ciear the rooxl for the consul; consul animadver 
tcre proximum lictorem .jussit, Liv. II. Transf. 
A. to perceive : ecquldanimadvertishorumsilen- 
tium, Cic. ; with ace, and infin., animadvertit 



Caesar unoa Sequanos nihil earuni reruin facero, 
Cars. ; with rel. sent., animadvertant quid dc 
rdigionc existimandum sit, Cic. ; witliquum and 
the. subj., animadvcisuni saepo est, quuni cor 
animantis alicujus evulsum palpitarct, Cic. B. 
1, to take notice of i.e. to take measures against, 
to punish; generally followed by in ; in judices 
quosdam, Cie. ; res animadvertenda, Cic. ; 
euphem. to punish with death, Tac. ; 2, to 
blame; ca sunt animadvertenda peccata max- 
ime, Cic. 

animal -alis, n. (for auimale, from anima), 
1, a living being, animal; quum inter inani- 
mum atque animal hoc maximum intersit, quod 
animal agit aliquid, Cic. ; 2, an animal, as op- 
posed to a man, Cic. ; so contemptuously of an 
animal ((like English brute, beast), funestum 
illud animal, Cic. 

animalis -e (anima), 1, consisting of air, 
ainj ; natura, Cic. ; 2, belonging to life, living ; 
intelligentia, Cic. ; exemplum, Cic. 

animans -antis (p. adj. from animo), liv- 
ing. I. Adj.; mundus, Cie. II. Subst., mase, 
fein., and neut. , a living being, animal ; niasc, 
alius animans, Cic. ; fern., ceterae animantes, 
Cic. ; neut., animantia omnia, Cic. 

animatio -onis, f. (animo). I. Lit., an ani- 
mating. II. Metou. (= animal), a living being; 
divinae animationis species, Cic. 

1. animatus -a -um (p. adj. from animo), 

1, alive, animated ; anteponantur animata inani- 

mis, Cie. ; 2, disposed in mind, inclined; a, 
morally or politically, Pompeins animatus 
melius quam paratus, Cie. ; with eiga and ace, 
Cie. ; with in and ace, Cic. ; b, courageously 
inclined, courageous, Cic. 

2. animatus -us, m. (animo), life, anima- 
tion, Plin. 

animo, 1. (anima and animus), 1, to animate, 
give life to; omnia aniinat, format, alit, Cic. ; 
animate in, witli ace, to change a lifeless into a 
living thing; guttas animant in angucs, Ov. ; 

2, to endow with, a particular disposition; pueros 
orientes animari atque formari, Cic. 

animose, adv. (animosus), courageously ; 
animose et fortiter facere aliquid, Cic. 

animosus -a -um (animus), courageous, high- 
spirited, ardent, passionate, furious. I. Gen., A, 
Lit., fortis et animosus vir, Cic. ; equus, Ov. 
B. Transf., of winds, poet., ventua, Ov.; Euri, 
Verg. ; with abl., proud of; animosus spoliis, 
Ov. II. Esp., intent on; corruptor, a briber 
who sjiares no expense, Tac. 

animula -ae, f. (dim. of anima). I. a little 
soul, ap. Cic. II. a little life; tuae litterae quae 
mihi quidquam quasi animulae instillarunt, have 
refreshed me a little, Cic. 

animiilus -i, m. (dim. of animus), a term of 
endearment ; mi animule, my life, Plaut. 

animus -i, m. (root AN, connected with 
anima and ave^of). I. the spiritual principle of 
life in man, opposed to corpus, the body, and to 
anima, the principle of physical life ; credo deos 
immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, 
Cie. ; rarely of animals, bestiae quarum ailimi 
sunt rationia expertes, Cic. II. A. the soul as 
the seat of feeling ; 1, animus alius ad alia vitia 
propensior, Cie. ; genit. animi (almost pleo- 
nastic) with adj. or subst., aeger animi, Liv. ; 
dubiua animi, Verg. ; animi metus, Cic. ; with 
animo or animi and a verb, animo tremere, Cic. ; 
animi or aniinis pendere, to he anxious, Cic. ; 
~l f character, disposition; apertua et simplex, 
Cic. ;-esse anguati animi atque demissi, Cie. ; 
pod., transf., nature; exuerint silvestrem 
aninuiii), Verg, ; 3. inclinatigi (owards some 



Ani 



41 



ann 



true; bono (ov alicno) amino esse in aliquem, 
Caes. ; mi aninic, "my dear" Plant. ; 4, cour- 
age, confidence, spirit ; fae nnimo magno tortique 
sis, Cic. ; neutria animus est ad pugnandum, 
Liv. ; so in plur., animi cadunt, courage sinks, 
Cic. ; transf., fire or vivacity in a speech, quae 
vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit, 
Cic; poet., of a top, dant animos plagae, Verg. ; 
so (esp. in plural) pride, arroga nee, uxor, inflate 
adhuc vegiis animis et muliehri spiritu, Liv. ; .jam 
insolentiam noratis hominis, noratis aniinos ejus 
etspiritustribunicios, Cic. ; pone animos, Verg. ; 
5, wish, desire; militum animis expletis, Liv. ; 
animi voluptatisqne causa, Caes. B. the sov.l 
as the seat of the will; ad omnia et animo et con- 
silio paratus, Cic. ; eo ad te animo venimus at, 
&e, with the resolve to, &e, Cic. ; habco in 
animo, with infill., I am resolved, Cic. ; so in 
animum habeo, Liv. ; est mihi in animo, Cic. ; 
avet animus, with infin., Cic. ; inclinat animus, 
withut and the subj., Liv. ; ex animo, willingly, 
Cic. C. the soul as the seat of the thoughts; 1, om- 
nium mentes animosque perturbare, Cae«. ; 2, 
consciousness; deticientibusanimis, Liv.; thought, 
memor in bene meritos animus, Cic. 

Anio -onis (or -Snis from original Sabine 
form Anien), m., poet., Anienus -i, m. the 
Anio, a river, tributary to the Tiber. Adj., 1, 
Aniensis -e, 2, Anienus -a -urn, belonging 
to the Anio. 

Anius -ii, m. )n-iest of Apollo, and king of the 
island of Delos, friend of Anchises and Aeneas. 

Anna -ae, f., a, sister of Dido; b, Anna 
Perenna, a Roman goddess. 

annalis -e (annus). I. Adj., A. lasting a 
year, Varr. B. relating to a year; lex, the law 
which determined the minimum age for the great 
offices of state, Cic. II. Subst.. annalis -is, 
in. (se. liber) and plur. annales -ium, in. 
(libli) yearly records, annals, in early times kept 
by the Pontifices (h«»ce annales pontiticum or 
annales maximi), in later times composed by the 
so-called annalists (as Q. Fabius Pictor), Cic. 

annato, 1. (ad-nato), 1, to swim to, Plin. ; 2, 
to swim by the side of, Sen. 
annavigo, 1. (ad-navigo), to~voyage to, Plin. 
annecto (ad-necto) -nexKi -nexum, 3. tn bind 
to, connect with. I. Lit, stomach us ad linguam 
annectitur, Cic. II. Transf., 1, physically, 
animos corporibus, Lucr. ; 2. to connect, in a 
speech, rebus praesentibus futures adjungere 
atque annectere, Cic. ■ 

annexus -us, m. (annecto), a binding to, a 
connection, Tac. 
Annibal, v. Hannibal. 
Annicerii -orum, m, ^Avvuupetoi), a sect of 
Cyrenaic philosophers. 

anniculUS -a -urn (annus), one year old; 
neptis, Nep. 

annitor (ad-nitor) -nisus or -nixus, 3, dep. 
I. Lit,, to lean -upon; ad aliquod tamquam ad- 
miniculum, Cic. II. Transf., to strive after ; de 
triumpho, Cic. ; with ad and the ace. of the 
gerund, ad obtinendum hesternum decus, Liv. ; 
foil, by ut or ne, with the subj., Liv. ; also by 
the infin., Liv. 

Annius -a -urn, gens, an old plebeian family 
at Home, of which T. Annius Milo was a member, 
v. Milo. Adj. Annianus -a -urn, belonging to 
an Annius or Annia. 

annivcrsarius -a -um (annus and verto), 
recurring every year ; sacra, Cic. ; arma, Liv. 

1 anno (ad-no), 1. I. to swim to, or near; 
with ace, naves, Caes. ; with dat., vestris 
oris, Verg.; navibus, Liv.; generally with ad and 

'2* 



the ace, ad cam urbem, Cic. II. to silAm tUi/h, 
or alongside of; peditos annantes equiSj Tac. 
2. Anno, v. Hai.no. 

annona -ae, f. (annus). I. yearly produce, 
crop; 1, Gen., Col.; 2, means of subsistence, 
esp. grain; annonae caritas, clearness, Cic: 
vilitas, cheapness, Cic. II. Meton., price of pro. 
visions ; annona salaria, price of salt, Liv. ; esp. 
of corn ; annonae varietas, fluctuation in the -price 
of corn, Cic. ; esp. high price of corn ; solatium 
annonae, Cic; annonam queri, to complain of 
the high price of com, Liv. ; fig., vilis amiconxm 
annona, friends are to be had cheap, Hor. 

annosus -a -um (annus), full of years, long- 
lived; cornix, Hor. 

annotatio (ad-notetio) -onis, f. (annoto), re- 
mark, annotation, Plin. 

annotator -oris, in. (annoto), one who re- 
marks, an observer, Plin. 

annotinus -a -um (annus), a year old, be- 
longing to last year; naves, Caes. 

annoto (ad-noto), 1. to note down. I. Lit., 
annotatum est, with ace andinfin., Tac. ; librum, 
to make remarks on a book, Plin. II. Transf. 
to remark, take notice of, Plin. 

annumcro (ad-numero), 1. I. to count out, 
pay ; tibi denarios, Cic. II. to reckon with ; 
with dat, aliquem his duobus, Cic. ; with in 
and the abl., aliquem patronorum in grege, Cic. 
annuntio (ad-nuntio), 1. to announce, tell, 
relate, Plin. 

annuo (ad-nuo) -fii, 3. I. to nod to; simul 
atque sibi annuisset, Cic. II. A. to assent by a 
nod or sign ; id toto capite, Cic. ; with dat, of 
person, pctenti, Verg. ; of the thing, quibus 
(praemiis) etiam rex ipse annnerat, J. iv. ; annne 
cocptii,. b-:JarourabIe to our undertaking, V erg. ; 
with Int. infin., quum annuisset se venturum, 
Liv. B. alicui aliquid, to promise; caeli arcem, 
Verg. C. to point out by a sign ; quos iste an- 
nnerat, Cic. 

annus -i, : in. (root AN connected witli 
anulus)'; revolution of time, henc? year. I. 
Lit.,'cxeunte anno, Cic. ; anno superiore, Ci. . , 
omnibus aunis, annually, Caes. ; tempus anni, 
time of the year, season, Cic. ; adv. phrases, 
1, anno, a whole year, Liv. ; in each year, 
yearly, Liv. ; so, in anno, in each year, Cic. ; 
annum, n full year, Cic. ; in annum, for a year, 
Liv. ':■«'! annum, next year, Cic ; intra annum, 
within the space of a year, Liv. ; SJ, of the years 
of a person's life ; aiinos LXX natns, seventy 
years old; Cic. jfjHanmbal annomm fernie novem, 
when nine years old, Caes. ; habere annos viginti, 
Cic. ; annum agere quartum et octogesimum, 
Cic. ; hence, like aetes, old age, confectus annis, 



Sail. ; 3, the year of a person's life at which he 
could standforanutgistracy; is enim erat annus, 
quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret, Caes. ; 
annus mens, tuus, suus, Cic. ; so, the year of 
office; prorogare annum. Cic; 4, a year w'th 
relation to thejweather, healthiness, &c; locuples 
frugibus, Hor. ; gravissimus etpestilentissimus, 
Cic ; 5, annus magnus, a cycle of years, Cic. 
II. Transf. (poet.), 1, tim$ of year: pomifer, au- 
tumn ; hibernus, winter, Hor. ; 2, the growth of 
a year, Cic. 

annuto (ad-nuto), 1. (intens. of annuo), to 
nod to, make u sign to, Plaut. 

annutrio (ad-nutrio), 4. to nourish at or near 
to, Plin. 

anniius-a-um (annus). I. lasting for a year; 
magistratus, Caes. II. returning every year, 
annual; labor agricolarum, Cic. ; hence, subst, 
annuum -i, n. or annua -orum, n. a yearly 
sahry, peisi<1\ annuity, Plin. 



anq 



42 



anquiro -quTsivi -qulsttum (an mid quaero), 
3. to mrcfc carefully, to inquirt after. I. Lit., 
omnia quae sunt ml vivondum nccessaria anqiii- 
rere et parare, Cic. II. Transf., A. Transit , 
to investigate; mena semper aliquid anquirii aui 
agit, Cie" B. Intransit, legal t. t. to set an in- 
quiry on foot; de perdnellione, Liv. ; eapite or 
capitis, on a charge involving capital pit nidi wait, 
Liv. 

ansa -no, f. a handle, lm.fl. I. Lit., ansa 
poculi, canthari, Verg. ; crepidae, the eye through 
which a slioe-tie is pasted, Tib. DE. Transf., 
occasion, opportunity ; habere reprehensiouis an- 
sam aliquam, Cic. 

Ansancti, v. Ampsancti. 

ansatus -a -urn (ansa), provided with a 
handle; homo, a man with handles, i.e., with 
arms akimbo, PJaut. 

1. anser 7 -?ris, m. a goose, Cic 

2. Anser -ens, Itl. a wanton poet, friend of 
the triumvir Antonius. 

anserlnus -a -inn (anser), relating or belong- 
ing to a goose, Plin. 

Antaeus -i, m. (' Awatos), a powerful giant, 
ruler of Libya, who compelled all Strang, rs com ing 
to his country to wrestle with him, at last slain by 
Hercules, who, observing that each time Antaeus 
fell on the earth he gained nexu force, held him 
aloft in the air and so killed him. 

Antandros (us) -i, f. ("ArrarSpo?), a (own 
of Mysia, now* Antamlro ; hence adj., Antan- 
drius -a -urn, of Antandros. 

ante (old form, anti, whence antidea, anti- 
deo, connected with avra, ivri, dmjf), prep. & 
adv. before. I. Adv., A. Of place, ante a ut 
post pugnarc, Liv. B. Of time, a, before; 
niultis ante saeculis, Cic. ; ante qua"), before 
that; ut te ante vidoret qiiani a vita discederet, 
Cic ; anno ante qnam mortuuscst, Cic. ; b, very 
rarely used as adj., neque ignari sumus ante 
malomm (= Tiui-Trpii'icaKuii'), of former sufferings, 
Vci-g. II. Prep. , before. A. Of place, 1, Lit., ante 
pedes, Cic; causam ante aliqueni diccre, before 
a y age, Cie ; 2, Transf., of preference, quem 
ante mo diligo, whom I love, more than myself, 
Cic. ; so ante alios, Liv. ; ante mums, Tac. B. 
of time, ante liicein, Cie. ; ante mo, before my 
time, <.'ic. ; often with a partic, ante urbcm 
conditam, before the founding of the city, Cie ; 
esp. a. ante annum, a year ago, Plin. ; b, ante 
rem, before the fight, Liv. ; ante tempus, he- 
fore the right time, Liv. ; c, ante diem, (a) before 
the day, Ov., (j3) before the day fixed by fate, Ov. ; 

d, ante id tempus, up to the ]>resent time, Caes. ; 

e, ante certain diem, withina fixed time; equites 
ante certain diem decederent, Cic; f, so to 
mark the date, ante diein qnarturn Idas Martins 
(a.d. IV. Id. Mart.), the, fourth day before the Ides 
of March, i.e. the twelfth of March, Cie. 

antca (ante and abl. ea), adv., before, for- 
merly, Cic. ; followed by quam, Cic. 

antcambulo -onis, m. (ante and amlmlare), 
a running footman to clear the way, Mart, 

antccanem (translation of irpoKvw), a star, 
the little d'<g, Cic. 

antccapio -cepi -ceptum, 8. I. Lit., to 
seize beforehand ; pontetn Mosae flurninis, Tac; 

locum castris, Sail. II. Transf., a, to antici- 
pate, to prepare beforehand ; quae hello Usui 
forent, Sail. ; to excite, or provoke, beforehand ; 
(a omnia (fnmem aut sitini, etc.) luxu, Sail. ; 
to use beforehand; noctcm, not to wait for, 
Sail. ; b, philosoph. 1. 1., anteceptam an lino rei 
quandam informationem, preconceived idea,, Cic. 

antccedens -entis, p. adj. (from antecedo), 

preceding. I. Plin. II. Esp., philosoph. t. t., 



ant 

causa, the antecedent cause. Subst., antece- 
dens, the antecedent cause; oftcner in plur. 
antocedontia, Cic 

antecedo -cossi -ccssura, 3. to go before, j>re- 
cede. I. Gen., A. Lit., in space, agmen, Cues.; 
absol., stcllae turn antecedunt, turn snbsequnn- 
tnr, Cic B. Transf., ill time (with dat. and 
ace), alicni aetate paulnni, Cic. II. Esp. to 
hasten before, to ort A. Lit., nuntios op- 

pugnati oppidi fan >b, Caes. B. Transf., 

to axcel; with dat., quantum natora hominis 
pecudibus reliquisque bestiis antecedat, Cic. ; 
with ace, aliqucm scientia atque usu nautiearuin 
rerum, Caes. ; absol., et auctoritatc et aetate et 
usu rerum, Cic 

antecello -ere, no perf. or sup., to distin- 
guish oneself, excel; 1, of persons, with dat. of 
person and abl. of thing, omnibus ingenii gloria, 
Cic. ; with nee. of the person and abl. of the 
thing, oranes fortuna, Tac. ; with abl. of thing 
alone, militari laude, Cic. ; 2, of things, duae 
aedes sacrae quae longe ceteris antecellant, Cie. 

anteceSSlO -onis, f. (antecedo), 1, a pre- 
ceding or going before ; quae in orbibns conver- 
sionea antecessionesque eveniunt, Oic. ; 2, the 
antecedent cause; homo causas rerum vidct 
earumque praegressus et quasi antecessiones 
non ignorat, Cic. 

antecessus -us, m. (antecedo), a going be- 
fore; in anteeessnni, in advance, Sen. 

antecursor -Oris, m. (anteeurro), one who 
runs before; plur. pioneers, advance guard of an 
army, Caes. 

antceo -ivi (and gen.)-ii, -ire (old form, anti- 
deo), to go before. I. Lit., alicni, Cic; aliqueiu, 
Hor. II. Transf., A. to go before in time ; alicni 
aetate, Cic. ; aliqucm aetate, Cic. ; si antcissent 
delicta, had happened lie/ore, Tac. B. 1, to excel ; 
alicni sapientia, Cie. ; omncs intelligentia, Cic ; 
absol., to distinguish oneself; operibus, by ac- 
tions, Cie.; 2, to anticipate; dainnatiouein ve- 
neno Tac (in poets ami post-Augustan prose, 
the syllable after ante disappears, anteat, Ov.; 
antibo, Tac). 

antcfero - 1 u l i -latum, -ferre. I. to carry he- 
fore ; viginti elarissimarum I'amiliariim imagines, 
Tac II. Transf., A. (0 prefer; longe omnibus 
n 1 1 u in Deinostheueiu, Cie.; iniquissimani paeem 

jnstissimo hello, Cic. B. to anticipate, consider 
beforehand; quod est dies allatuia, id consilio 
antefcrre debenius, Cic. 

antcfixus -a -urn, fastened in front ; truncts 
arborura antetixa ora, Tac. Subst., antefixa 
-oruin, n. ornaments fixed on the roofs and. gutters 
of houses; antetixa lictilia deoram Romanoium, 
Liv. 

antegredior -gressus -gredi, dep. (ante and 
gradior), to go before. I. Lit., Stella Veneris 
antegreditur solem, Cic II. Transf, causae 
antegressae, antecedent causes, Cic 

antchabeo, 2. to prefer, Tac 

antchac (old form, antidhac), adv. (ante 
and abl. hac), before this time, formerly, Cic. 

antclatus -a -um, v. antefero. 

antelucanus -a -um (ante and lux), happen- 
ing before daybreak; tempus, Cic. ; ceua, Cic 

antcmeridiamis -a -um, before noon, Cic 

antemltto, more properly separated, ante 
and mitto q.v. 

Antemnac -arum, f. Sabinrftrum at the junc- 
tion of the Anio with tin- Tiber; hence, Antcm- 
natcs -iuni, m. the inhabitants of Antemmx.:. 

antenna (antcmna) -ae, f. (an = 5io 
and teuderc), a sail-yard; antennas ad maios 
destinare, Caes. 



Ant 



43 



Ant 



Antenor -oris, m. ('Avrquiap) a Trojan, the 
legendary_faunder of Patavium (Padua); licnce, 
1, Antenoreus -a -urn. belonging to An- 
tenor, Paiavian; 2, Antenorides -ae, m. 

('Ai'TT)vopi5T)s) ) ft descendant of Antenor. 

antepagmentum -i, n. the lining of a door 
or post, a jamb, Cato. • 

antepes -pedis, in. the forefoot, Cic. 

antepilani -orum, ra. the soldiers who fought 
in front of the pilani or triarii, i.e. the luistati 
and principcs, Liv •;• 

antepono -posui -posltum, 3. I. to place 
before ;' alicui prandium, Plant. II. to place-in 
front. A. Lit., equitum locos scdilibus plelris, 
Tac. B. Transf., to prefer; sc alicui, Cic;; 
ainicitiam omnibus rebus humauis, Cic. 

antepdtens -cutis, very powerful, very for- 
tunate, Plaut. 

Anteros -otis, m. CAvrepus), 1, the genius 
or avenger of slighted lore, Cic. ; 2, a kind of 
amethyst, Plin. 

antes -iom, m. rows or ranlcs, e.g. of vines, 
Verg. 

antesignanus -i v m. (ante and signuin), 
plur. antesignani, chosen soldiers who fought in 
front of tlie line to support the cavalry, skir- 
in is hers, Ca.es. ; hence, sing., a leader, Cic. 

antesto (antisto) -stlti, 1. to stand before; 
transf., to surpass; with dnt. of person and abl. 
of thing, mnltnm omnibus (dak) corporum viri- 
bus (abl.), Cic. ; absol., to be prominent, Cic. 

antestor, 1. dep. (eontr. from nntetestor), 
legal t. t., to call to witness, Hor. The formula 
was "licet antestari?" used by the demandant, 
and the person whose witness was required held 
up the lap of his ear to express his consent : 
used once by Cicero without reference to judi- 
cial proceedings. 

antevenio -veni -ventuni, 4. I. Lit, A. to 
come before, to get the. start of; per traiuites 
occultos exercitum iletelli, Sail. II. Transf., 
A. to anticipate, prevent; consilia et insidias 
hostium, Sail. B. to excel; per virtutem no- 
bilitatem, Sail. 

anteverto, antevorto -verti (-vorti) -ver- 
sum (-vorsum), 3. and dep. antevortor -vorti. 
I. Lit., to come or go before, to precede ; stella tnm 
anteverte.ns turn subsequens, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. to anticipate, hinder by anticipating ; atque id 
ipsum quum tecum agere conarer, Fannius antc- 
vertit, Cic. B. to prefer; Caesar omnibus' con- 
siliis antevertendum existimavit ut Narbohem 
proficisceretur, Caes. . - ' 

Anthedon -i5nis, f. ('Ai>8ri&uv), town' and 
state of tlie Boeotian league on the river Messapius, 
now Lukisi. '■■■. 

Anthemusia -ae, f. and Anthemusias 

-adis, f. a town in Mesopotamia. 

anthias -ae, m. (a.v8Ca<;), a sea-fish, Ov. 

anthologica, genit. -on, n. (ai/0oAoyiKo), 
anthology, a collection of extructs and small 
poems, Plin. 

Antianus, Antias, v. Antium. 

Anticato -finis, in. the Anticato, a work of 
C. Jul. Caesar in two books, in answer to Cicero's 
Cato, Juv. ...'.' 

anticipatio -Onis, f. (anticipo), a preconcep- 
tion, innate idea, Cic. 

anticipo, 1. (ante and capio), 1, to take or 
receive before, anticipate ; quod ita sit informatum 
anticipatumquo mentibus nostris, Cic. ; viam, 
to travel over before, Ov. ; ludos, to celebrate be- 
fore their time, Suet. ; 2, to come before, Lucr. 

Ant Idea and -clia -ae, f. ('AenicAeia), 



daughter of Autolycus, wife of Laertes, mother of 
Ulysses. 

anticus -a -urn (ante), forward, in front 
(opp. posticus), pars, Cic. 

Anticyra -ae, f. (AvTixvpa.), a town in 
Phocis, famous for its hellebore, now Aspro S2riti, 
Hor. 

antidea, antideo, antidhac, v. antea, 
anteeo, anteliac. 

antidotum -i, n. (avriSoror), an antidote, 
Suet. ": ' ;•. 

Antigenes -is, m. ('Anvyt'eij*). I. a general 
of Alexander the Great, Nep.' II. a shepherd, 
Verg. 

Antigenidas -ae, m. and -ides -ae, m. 
('AiTiyeri5>)s), name of two celebrated flute-players^ 
one of whom, a Theban, flourislied about 440 B.C., 
the other, a son, of Dionysius, about 33S B.C. 

Antigone -es, f. and Antigona -ae, f. CAv 
•nyon)). I. daughter of Oedipus, sister of Poly nice* 
and. Eteocles, put to death for burying her brotha 
against the command of the king of Thebes. II. 
daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy, cluinged ink 
a stork by Hera.] 

Antlgonea -ae, f. ('Arriydi-eia or 'Avriyovidy 
name of several towns, themost important of which 
were—a,, a town on the Celydnus, in Epirus; 
hence, Antigonensis -e, belonging to Anti- 
gonia; b, a town in Macedonia. 

Antigonus -i, m. CAvrlyovoi), name of seve- 
ral of the successors of Alexander the Great, the 
most celebrated of whom was Antigonus I., born 
385 b.c, father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, ruler of 
Phrygia, and, after) Alexander's death, of Pain- 
phylia and Lycia, killed at Ijjsus 301 B.C. 

Antilibanus -i, m. ('AvriXifSavos) a mountain 
■range in-Phoenicia, running pamllel to Mount 
Libauus, now Dschebel Escharki. 

Antilochus -i, m. ('Axti'Aoxo?), sonof Nestor, 
friend of Achilles. 

AntimachUS -i, iu. (Avri^axot), a Greek 
poet, contemporary with Plato. 

Antinous -i, ra. ('Avtivooi), a beautiful 
youth, beloved by the emperor Hadrian, who gave 
him divine honours on his early death. 

Antiochia -ac, f. ('Ai-nox*"*), name of 
several towns. I, Antiochia Epidaphnes (q eiri 
Aa<J»tT)«, Plin.), capital of Syria, on the river 
Orontcs, now Antakia. II. town ofCaria, on the 
Maeander; hence, adj., Antiochensis -e and 
Antiochinus -a rum, belonging to Antioch. 

Antiochus -i, in. ('Ai/noxos)- !• name of 
thirteen Syrian kings, tlie most important of whom 
mere— a, Antiochus III., Magnus, protector of 
Hannibal in his exile, conquered by L. Com.' Scipio ; 
b, Antiochus TV., Epiphanes, wlw was deterred by 
the Roman envoy, L. Popillius, from seizing Egypt ; 
C, Antiochus X., whose son, Antiochus XIII. , 
came to Home with his brotlier touphold their claims 
on Egypt. II. name of several kings ofCommagene. 
III. Antiochus of Ascalon, the last philosopher of 
the Academic school of philosophers, teaclier of Varro 
and Cicero; hence 1, Antiochius -a -urn, be- 
longing to the philosoplier Antiochus. Subst., a, 
Antiochii -orum, m. the disciples of Antiochus; 
b, ista Antiochia, the dogmas of Antiochus; 2, 
Antiochinus -a -um, a belonging to Antiochus 
III.; b, belonging to tlie philosopher Antiochus. 

Antiopa -ao, f. and Antiope -es, f. ('Ai-ti- 
oirtj), 1, daughter of Nycteus, mother of Amjihion 
and Zelhus; 2, mother of the Pierides. 

Antlpater -tri, m. ('Ai-TiVaTpos). I. name 
of several kings of Macedonia, tlie most important 
of whom was the confidant of Philip and Alex- 
ander tlie Great, king of Macedonia after Alezan- 



Ant 



44 



Aon 



tier's death. II. name of several Greek philosophers; 
a, Antipater Cyrenaicus, « disciple of the elder 
Aristippua; b, Antipater of Tarsus, a Stoic, 
teacher cf Panaetins. III. L. Caclius Antipater, 

\ . ( lu'lius. 

Antipatria -ae, f. ('AcTuraTpi'a), a toivn in 
Macedonia, on the border of Illyria. 

Antiphates -ae, m. ('Arri<f><i-n)?). I. ruler 
of the cannibal Lacstrygones. II. o son of Sar- 
pedon, killed by Turnus. 

Antipbon -ontis (' \vti<p!iv). 1, a celebrated 
Athenian orator, 479-411 B.C. ; 2, a sophist, con- 
temporary and adversary of Socrates; 3, a frccd- 
»« and actor. 

Antipolis -is, f. ("AvthtoAij), town of the 
tfassilians in Gallia Narbonensis, now Antibcs. 

antiquarius a -um (antiquus), belonging to 
antiquity^ Subst., antiquarius -li, m. and 
antiquaria -ac, f., on antiquai-y, Juv., Suet. 

antique, adv. (antiquus), in an ancient 
manner, Hor. 

antiquitas -atis, f. (antiquus). I. anti- 
quity, ancient times, Cic II. Meton., 1, the 
history of ancient times, Cic. ; hence plur. the 
undents, Cic. ; 2. the gooil old times, primitive 
virtue, integrity, Cic. ; 3, great age; generis, Cic. 

antiquitus, adv. (antiquus), 1, formerly, in 
ancient times, Caes. ; 2, from antiquity, Liv. 

antiquo, 1. (antiquus), to leave in Us former 
state; lieuce, to reject a bill; legem, rogationem, 
Cic. 

antiquus -a -urn (for anticus, from ante). 
I, that which excels all ollter things in worth ; in 
compar. and superl., more or most weighty, im- 
portant, preferable; id antiquius consuli fuit, 
the consul preferred that, Liv. ; lie quid vita 
existimem antiquius, more important, Gvc ; nihil 
ei fuisset antiquius qu.im (followed by the in- 
fln.), Cic. ; navalis apparatus ei semper antiqu- 
issima ctira fuit, Cie. II. that which is before in 
point of time. A. Relative, old, ancient previous, 
once existing; a, antiquae lnunitiones, Caes.; 
causa antiquior memoria tua, Cic. ; subst., nam 
ilia nimia autiqna praetcreo, Cic. ; b, esji. with 
the notion of what is simple, pure, innocent; 
antiqni homines, Cic. B. Absol., having existeil 
for a long time, old, ancient, venerable ; tuus 
antiquissimus amicus, Cic. ; esp. of towns, urbs, 
Verg. Subst., antiqui -orum. m. the people 
of (ild time, ancient authors, old statesmen, men of 
old, Cic 

Antissa -ae, f. ("Ai'tkto-oV a town on a small 
island near Jyesbos ; hence, Antissaci -Oram, 
m. the Antissaeans. 

nntistcs -stitis, c. (antisto). I. a presiding 
priest or priestess ; sacroruin, Cic. II. Trans f., 
master in any art ; artis dicendi, Cic. 

Antisthonca -is and -ae, in. ('AiTio-flterjO, 
a Qra k philosopher, founder of Hue. Cynic school. 

antistlta -ae, f. (antistes), o presiding 
priestess, Cic, Ov. 

antisto, v. antesto. 

antitheton -i, n. (apTi0rroi<), a figure of 
rhetoric, antithesis, opposition, Cic. 

Antium -ii, n. ('AtTioi'), an old town ofLatium 
on the sea-coatt, now Torre or Porto d'Anzio; 
hence, 1, Antianus -a -urn ; 2, Antias -atis, 
■■ ng to Antium. 

antUa -ae, f. (iwAfor), a pump, Mart. 

Antomaster -tri, m. an imitator of the 
Oratory of Antonius, Cic 

Antoninus -i, m. a name af several Roman em- 
perors, the most notable of whom are, 1 Antoninus 
Piss, ruled from 13S-101 a.d. ; 2, M. Aurelius 



Antoninus Philosophus, son-in-law and adopted 
son of the former, ruled from 101-1S0 a.d; 3, 
M. Aurelius Antoninus, v. lleliogabalus. 

Antonius -a -Ulll, gens, the name of a, Roman 
family, the most distinguished members of which 
were: (1) M. Antonius, surnamed Orator, bom 
B.C. 144, put to death by Marivs and Cinna SS ; 
introduced by Cicero as a speaker in the dialogue 
De Oratore. (2) M. Antonius Crcticus, son of 
(1) despatched against the pirates of the eastern 
Mediterranean in 74 B.C. (3) C. Antonius, 
second son of the preceding, the accomplice oj 
Catiline, colleague with Cicero in the consulship, 
B.C. (53. (4) M. Antonius Triumvir, son of (2), born 
B.C. S3, the bitter enemy of Cicero, after Caesar's 
death triumvir with Octaviunus and Lepidus, 
defeated by Octavianus at the battle of Act in m 
(B.C. 81) ; killed himself shortly after. (5) lulus 
Antonius, son of (4), by Fulvia, brought up by 
the elder Octavia; hence, adj., Antonianus 
-a -um, of or relating to Antonius. 

antrum -i, n. (avrpov), a cave, Ov., Verg. ; 
transf., the hollow of a tree ; exesae arboris antro, 
Verg. ; of a litter, vchi clauso antro, Juv. 

Aniibis -bidis, in. ('Avovfa, Egyptian Anup, 
or Anupu), an Egyptian god, represented with a 
dog's head ; latrator A., Verg. 

anularius -a -um (anulus), belonging to a 
seal ring ; sealae, aplace in Home, Suet. Subst., 
anularius -i, m. a ring maker, Cic. 

anulatus -a -um (anulus), beringed, orna- 
mented with rings ; aures, Plant. 

anulus, anniilus -i, m. (I. anus), a ring, 
Esp. I. a finger or signet ring ; in ejusmodi cera 
centum sigilla impriniere hocanulo, Cic. ; vilis- 
sima utensilium annlo clausa, sealed vp, Tac. ; 
anulus cquestris, the gold ring which was the sign 
of a knight in Borne, Hor. ; anuluin invenire, to 
be raised to the rank of a knight, Cic. II. Of ob- 
jects similar in form, 1, a curtain ring, Plin. ; 
2, the link of a fetter, Plin. ; 3, a ringlet of hair, 
Hart. 

1. anus -i, m. the fundament, Cic. 

2. anus -us, f. an old woman, Cic. ; anus 
Cumaea, the Sibyl, Ov. ; in apposition, old; 
sacerdos, Verg. ; of animals and things, cerva, 
Ov. ; amphora, Mart. ; Appia via, Prop. 

anxic, adv. (auxins), anxiously, Sal!. 

anxietas -atis, f. (anxius). I. anxiety, 
anxiousness, as a trait in a person's character, 
while angor is the transitory feeling of anxiety, 
Cic. ; also = angor, grief' anguish, Ov. II. 
Transf. painful accuracy, Quint. 

anxifer -fera -ferum (anxius and fero), causing 
anxiety, Cic. 

anxitudo -Inis, f. (anxius), anxiousness, Cic. 

anxius -a-um (ango). I, anxious, uneasy ; 
anxii senes, Cic; anxium habere aliquem. to 
make anxious, Tac; anxius aniino, Sail.; with 
abl. of cause, ira et metu, Sail. ; witli genit., 
furti, Ov. ; with de and the abl., de successors, 
Suet. ; with pro, pro mundi regno, Ov. ; fol- 
lowed by ne, Sail. ; an ... an, Tac. ; -ne 
(enclitic) . . . an, Sail. ; quonam inodo, Tac ; 
unde, Hor. II. Transf., causing anxiety or an- 
guish; aegritudiues, Cic. 

Anxur -oris, in. and n. I. m, Auxur (Axur), 
and Anxurus, a deity of the Volscians, identified 
with the Etruscan Vejovis; Anxurus Jnppiter, 
Verg. II. n. an old town of the Volsci, on Oie sea- 
coast, afterwards called Termcina. Adj., Anxur- 
nas -fitis, belonging to Anxur. 

Aon -5llis, in. fAw^), son_ of Poseidon, an 
okl Boeotian hero; hence 1, Aoncs -um, ace 
-as, m. (*Aoi<f?), Boeotians; 2, Aonia -ae, f. 
('Aoi'i'a), mythic name of Boeotia, in which were 



Aor 



45 



Apo 



the mountain Helicon and the spring Aganippe, 
the resort of the Muses; 3, Aonides -um, f. the 
Mtises ; 4, AoniUS -a -um ('Aduos) belonging 
to Aonia ; vertex, Helicon, Verg. ; vir, Hercules, 
bom at Thebes, Ov. ; juvenis, Hippomenes, Ov. ; 
dens, Bacchus, Ov. ; tons and aquae, Aganippe, 
Ov. ; sorores, the Muses, Ov. ; vates, a poet, Ov. 

Aornos -i, in. and f. (aopyos, without birds), 
the lake of Avernus, Verg. 

Aous -i, in. ('AcJos), a river in Illyria, now 
Viosa or Vovussa. 

apage, interj., aivay toith thee! be off! Ter., 
Plant. 

Apamea and -la -ae, f. ('ATi-a^eia), 1, a town 
of Syria on the Orontes, now Afamiah or Famit; 
2, a town of I'hrygia on the Maeander ; 3, a 
town of Bithynia. Adj., Apamensis -e and 
Apamenus -a -um, belonging to Apainea. 

Apelles -is, in. ('An-eMTJs), one of the greatest 
Greek painters, friend of Alexander the Great. 
Adj., Apelleus -a -um. 

Apenninicola -ae, c. (Apenniuus and colo), 
on inhabitant of the Apennines, Verg. 

Apenninigena -ae, c. (Apenniuus and 
giguo), one bom upon the Apennines, Ov. 

Apenmnus -i, m. (connected with Keltic 
Pen, a mountain-top), the chain of the Apennines, 
a mountain range running dov . through the 
centre of Italy. 

aper, apri, m. a wild boar, Cic. ; prov., uno in 
saltu duos apros capere, to kill two birds with 
one stone, Plaut. ; apros immittere liquidis fon- 
tibus, to do something absurd and perverse, Verg. 

Aperantli -Orum, in. ('An-epajToi), a people 
in northern Aetolia ; hence Aperantia -ae, f. 
their country. 

aperio -perui -pertum, 4. (ad-pario, from 
root PAR, whence pario). I. to uncover, to lay 
bare, to expose to view. A. Lit., caput, to un- 
cover, Cic. B. Transf., occulta, to make known, 
Cic; sententiain suam, to pronounce, Cic. ; casus 
futures, to predict, Ov. ; refl., se aperire and 
middle nperiri, to reveal one's true character; 
studioque aperiinur in ipso, Ov. ; memet ipse 
aperio quis sim, Liv. II. to open what was 
shut, to unclose. A. Lit., fores, Cic. ; epistolam, 
Cic. ; fundamenta tenipli, to excavate, Liv. ; fig., 
fontes eloquentiae, Cic. B. Transf., to open up 
a country, render it accessible; Pontuni, Cic; 
Syriam, Tac ; lociiin asylum, to throw open as 
an asylum, Liv ; luduin, to open a school, Cic. ; 
annum, to begin the year (poet., of the constella- 
tion Aries, because, on the entry of the sun 
into it the new year began for the farmer), Verg. 

aperte, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(apertus), a, openly; inentiri, Cic. ; b, without 
concealment, straightforwardly; scribere, Cic. ; 
diccie, Cic 

aperto, 1. (intens. of aperio), to lay bare, Plaut. 

apertus -a -um, p. adj., with compar. and 
superl. (from aperio), open, uncovered. I. A. 
Lit., aether, caelum, clear, Verg. ; naut. t.t, 
naves, undecked, Cic; milit. t.t., undefended; 
latus, humerus, unshielded, exposed, Cacs. B. 
Transf. char, unconcealed, manifest; a, actio, 
Cic ; apcrtum latrocinium, Cic. ; aportuni est, 
it is clear, followed by ace. and iulin., ostsoaliquou 
numen praestaiitissiniae mentis, Cic. ; in aperto 
esse, (a), 'o be evident; quo ad cognoscenduin 
omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto sint, 
Sail.; (J3), to be practicable ; fessos hieme hostes 
aggredi, Tac. ; b, of speech, clear, intelligible, 
unconcealed; narratio aperta, Cic ; apertis or 
apertissimis verbis, Cic. ; o, of character/rant, 
itraightfurward, open ; animus, Cic. ; )ioi|io, Cjc. 



II. unclosed, open, free, unhindered, accessible. 

A. Lit., a, vastum atque apertum mare, Caes. ; 
canipi ad dimicandum aperti, Liv. Subst., 
apertum -i, n. an open sj>ace ; in aperto castra 
lucare, Liv.; b, milit. t.t., open; proelium, Liv. 

B. Tian sf. 0j>cn, accessible', beate Vivendi via, Cic. 
apex -icis, m. tlie top or summit. I. Gen., 

mentis, Ov. ; flammac, Ov. II. Esp., A. the 
to}) of the conical cap of the Roman flamines, 
hence the cap itself; lanigeri apices, Verg. ; api- 
ceni Diulem alicui imponere, to make a person 
flamen of Jove, Liv. ; also the tiara of eastern 
kings and satraps, rcguiu apices, Hor. ; so lig., 
crown ; apex senectutis est auctoritas, Cic B. 
a helmet, Verg. C. Grainm., the long mark over a 
vowel, Quint. 

aphaerema -atis, n. {afaCpepa), a coarse kind 
of grits, Pliu. 

Aphareus, -8i, m. ('A(papev's). I. a king of 
the Mcsscnians, father of Lynceus and Idas; hence 
Aphareius -a ■\un,bclougi>ig to Aphareus. II. 
a Centaur, whose arm icas broken by Theseus at 
the wedding of I'irithous. 

aphractus -i, f. (a^pajcros), a long undecked 
boat, Cic 

Aphrodisia -orum, n. ('A^po^io-ia), thefesti- 
vat of Aphrodite, Plaut. 

Aphrodisias -adis, f. CAcf>poS«rias), name of 
several towns ; 1, a town onthe borders of Phrygia 

and Carta, now Gheira; hence Aphrodisien- 

ses-ium, m. the people of Aphrodisias ; 2, a har- 
bour in Cilicia, near Porto Cavaliere. 

apiacus -a -um (apiuMi), like parsley, Cato. 

apianus -a -um (apis), relating or belonging 
to bees, Plin. 

apiarius -ii, m. (apis), a bee-keeper, Plin. 

apicai/US -a -um (apex), adorned with the 
priest's cap, Ov. 

Apicius -ii, m. re Roman name; M. Gabius 
Apicius, a celebrated epicure in the time of 
Tiberius. 

Apidanus -i, m. (A-m&avos), a river in Thes- 
saly, tributary of the Peneus. 

apinae -a.rum, f. trifles, Mart. 

Apiolae -arum, f. a toivn in Latium. 

Apion-onis, m. surname of Ptolemaeus, king 
of Gyrene. 

1. apis -is, f. (girl's), a bee, Cic, Verg. 

•2. Apis -is, ace. -im, in. ('Attis), a sacred bidl 
of the Egyptians at Memphis. „ 

apiscor, aptus, 3. dep. I. to attain to, come 
up to, reach; mare, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to lay 
hold of, grasp, Lucr. ; 2, to attain to (the object 
of one's desire), cujus (finis bonorum) apiscendi 
causa, Cic. ; sunimum honorem, Liv. ; once in 
Tac, with genit., dominationis. 

apium -ii, n. parsley, Hor. 

aplustre -is, n. (tykao-Tov), generally plur. 
aplustria -mm, n. and aplustra •orum, n. the 
carved stern of a ship, with Us ornaments, Lucr. 

apocleti -orum, in. (an-djcAij-roi). the supreme 
council of the Aetolian League, Liv, 

apodyterium -i. n. (anohv-rgpiov), the dress- 
ing-room in a bath, Cic 

Apollo -Inis (-onis), in. (' \n6k\uv), Apollo, son 
of .hipjiiter anil J.atoua, brother of Diana, god of 
archery, music, poetry, prophesying, and the sun, 
born at Delos ; hence, Deling vates, Verg. ; and 
simply Delias, 'Cic. j ad Apollinis (se. aedem) 
to the temple of Apollo, Liv. ; aperitnr Apollo, 
the temple of Apollo becomes visible, Verg. ; pro- 
lnontoiiuin Apollinis, a promontory north of 
Utica, over against Sardinia, now Cape Zibib, 
Liv,; hence, A. Adj., Apollinaris -e, sacred 



Apo 



4G 



app 



to Apollo ; ludi, games held in honour of Apollo on 
the 5th of July, Cic Subst., Xpollinare -is, 
n. a place sacred to Apollo, Liv.; B. Apollmous 
-n -nm, pertaining to Apollo; orbs, Dclos, Ov. ; 
proles, Aesculapius, Ov. ; vates, Orpheus, Ov. ; 
an, prophecy or medicine, Ov. 

Apollddorus -i, m. ('AiroAAdSMpot), 1, a 
rhetorician nf I'ergamum, teacher of Augustus ; 2, 
grammarian and mythological Writer of Athens, 
about 140 B.c. 

Apollonia -ae, f. CA7n>AAeun.'a), 1, citadel 
near Navpactus, Liv. ; 2, town, in Illyria, now 
Potom'a or Po/inn,Cic ; 8. town. i>t Macedonia, now 
Foliwa, Liv. ; hence, a, Apollomatcs -ae, in. 
an inhabitant of Apollonia ; b, Apolldnien- 
Sis -e, belonging to Apollonia. 

Apollonls -idis, f. ('AwoAAam'y), a town in 
lydia; lience Apollonidonsis -e, belonging 
to Apolhnis. 

ApolldnlUS -li, m. OAn-oAAwvio?), 1, Apol- 
ionius Alabandensis, Greek rhetorician, living 
about 120 b.c. ; 2, Apollonius Molo, a Greek 
rhetorician, living about 110 B.C. ; 3, Apollonius 
Kliodius, author of the Argonautica ; 4, Apollo- 
nius Tyaneus, philosoplier and magician inlst 
cent. a.d. 

apologus -i, in. (in-dAoyos), a narrative, a 
fable, in the manner of Aesop, Cic. 

apophoreta -drum, n. (i^o^dprjTo), presents 
given to guests, especially at the time of the Satur- 
nalia, Suet. 

dpoproegrneria -oruin, n. plur. (anoirporiy 
txtva), in the philosophy of the Stoics, that which 
It to be rejected (opp. to proegmena), Cic. 

apothoca -ae, f. (iiroBrjicn), a store-room, 
magazine, especially for wine, Cic. 

apparate, adv. with com par. (apparatus), 
with much prejnratian, splendidly; opipare ct 
apparate cderc et bibere, Cic. 

apparatio -onis, f. (apparo), preparation, 
popuf&riuni uiuncruni, Cic. 

1. apparatus -us, m. (apparo). I. Alwtr. 
a preparation, preparing; operis, Cic. ; belli, Liv. ; 
IL Concr., preparation, i>rovision, equipment. 
A. Gen. tenulculua, Cic. ; omnia apparatus op- 
pugnandarum urbloni, Liv. ; plur. apparatus 
regii, Cic. B. Esp. brilliant preparations, 

lour, magnificence, j>omp; 1, Lit. pomp; 
regiua, Cic; 2, Transf., of a speech, display, 
; dixit causani illam nullo apparatu pure 
ct dilucide, -Cic. 

2. apparatus -a -tun, p. adj. with compar. 

and auperL (from apparo), prejKircd, ready ; of 
things, well supplied, sumptuous, splendid ; domus 
apparatior, Cic. 

appareo (ad-pareo) -iii -Hum, 2. to become 
, to appear. I. Gen. A. Lit. equusmecum 
deinersus nirsum appanUt, Cic. ; with dat. of 
person, anguis ille, qui Sullao apparuit immo- 
lanti, Cic. ; so of appearance before a court of 
Justice, in his subselliis me apparere nollem, 
Cic. ; of daylight, stars, kc, Tib. B. Transf., 
1, to be visible, to show itself, be manifest ; non 
apparere labores nostros, Hor. ; 2, re's apparet 
and apparet, with ace. and intin. or relafc, gen- 
tence, it is rl^ir, plain, manifest, Cic. II. Esp. to 
appear as a servant to some person in authority, 
or deity, to serve; a, saevi in limine regis ap- 
parent, Cic. ; b, to serve a magistrate, as lictor, 
clerk, kc. ; with dat. of person, consulibus, 
Liv. ; with dat. of thing, quaestioni, Cic. 

apparlo, 3. to get, obtain, Lucr. 

apparitio -onis, f. (appareo, Xo. II.). A. 
A waiting upon, serving, Cic. B. Meton. plur. 
= apparitores, servants, Cic, 



apparitor oris, m. (appareo, No. IL), a ser- 
rant ; esp. a puotic servant, e.g., a lictor, etc., Cic. 

apparo (ad-pitro), 1. to prepare for, get ready 
for, provide ; convivhun, Cic. ; bellum, iter, ludos, 
Cic. ; crimina in oliquem, get tip charges, Cic. ; 
foil, by intin., Caes. 

appcllatio -onis, f. (1. appello), an address- 
ing. I. with words, speaking to. A. Gen. banc 
nactuaappellationia causam, Caes. B. Legal t.t., 
appeal; tribuiiorum, to the tribunes, Cic. ; II. 
Of sounds. A. Pronunciation, litterarum, Cic. 
B. Naming ; hence, melon. = nomen, name, title; 
inanis, Cic. ; plur., regum appellationcs, Cic. 

appellator -oris, m. (l. appello), an appel- 
lant, Cic. 

appellito 1. (freq. of 1. appello), to be occms- 
tovied to name, Tac. 

1. appello 1. (intens. of 2. appello). I. 
to address, accost, with words. A. Gen. 1, 
singulos appellare, Cic. ;. nominatim, Caes.; 2, 
to ask a person to do something, to make a j>ro- 
posed to a person; a, aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem 
de proditione, Liv. ; b, legal t.t., to appeal to; 
praetorem, Cic. ; tribunes, Liv. ; a praetore tri- 
bunos, Cic. ; de aestimatione et solutionibus, 
Caes. ; c, to apply to for payment ; aliquem de 
pecunia, Cic. ; d, to sue ; cavendum est ne iisdem 
de causis alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur qui- 
dem, Cic. ; II. Of sounds, 1, to pronounce, lit- 
tcras, Cic; 2, to name, entitle; aliquem sapientem, 
Cic. ; appellata est ex viro virtus, Cic. ; (Scipio) 
Africanus ob egregiam victoriam de Hannibale 
Poenisque appellatus, Liv. ; hence, to mention by 
name; quos idcirco non appello hoc loco, Cic. ; 
aliquem nutu siguiticationeque, to make known, 
Cic. 

2. appello (ad-pello), -piili -pulsum, 3. to 
drive to, bring to. I. Gen. A. Lit. turres ad 
opera Caesaris, Caes. B. Transf., aninium or 
menteni ad aliquid, to direct the mind to some- 
thing; nientemadphilosophiam, Cic. II. Esp., 
Nautical t.t., to bring to lawl ; navem ail 
rlpain, Cic. ; classem in inaulam, Liv. ; poet., 
aliquem, with dat., bine me digressus vest lis 
Pens appulit oris, Verg. ; ]iass., appelli, of the 
ship; navis appellitur ad villain, Cic; of the 
persons in the ship, alios ad Sicilian! appulsoa 
esse, Cic. ; refl., se appellcre, in portum classe, 
Liv. ; absol., hue appellc, put in here, Hor. 

appcndiciila -ac, f., (dim. of appendix), a 
little addition, Cic. 

appendix -Tcis, f. (appendo), an appendage, 
addition, an appendix to anything; vidit enim 
appendiceal animi esse corpus, Cic. ; appendices 
Olcadum, smaller contingents, Liv. 

appendo (ad-pendo), -pendi -pensum, 3. to 
weigh to; auruni alicui, Cic. ; transf., non enim 
ea verba me annumerare, pay out, like small 
coin ; lectori putavi oportere, sed tamquam ap- 
pendere, weigh out, like whole bars, Cic. 

appetens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
super!, (from appeto), 1, desirous of; gloriae, 
Cic. ; 2, desirous of gold, avaricious; homo uon 
enpidus neque appetens, Cic 

appetenter, adv. (appetens), greedily, Cic. 

appetentia -ae, f. (appetens), desire, longing, 
laudis, Cic. 

appetltio -onis, f. (appeto), 1, grasping at, 
Cic. ; 2. longing for, desire; with genit., princi- 
patus, Cic. 

appetitus -us, m. (appeto), a passionate 
longing, passion, appetite; voluptatis, Cic. 

appeto (ad-peto), -Ivi and -i: -Itum, 3. to 
reach to. I. Gen. to grasp at. seize on; A. Lit., 
solem manibus, Cic ; haec enim ipsa sunt hon- 
dabilia, salutari, appeti, to have their hands 



App 



47 



app 



kissed, Cic. B. Transf., to desire, seek ; regnum, 
Cic. ; with infm., ut appetat animus aliquid 
agere semper, Cic. II. Esp. A. to make for or 
qo to a place, to go to, arrive at; Europam, Cic. ; 
Blare terrain appetens, pressing on the land, Cic. 
B. to attack; aliquem lapidibus, Cic; transf., 
ignomiuiis omnibus appetitus, Cic. C. to draw 
near, of time ; dies appetebat Septimus, qucm 
coustituerat, Cic. 

1. Appia (Apia) -ae, f. a town in Thrygia ; 
hence Appianus -a -um, of Appia, Appian. 

2. Appia, fem. of Appius. 

appingo (ad-pingo) -pinxi -pictum, 3. to paint 
to, or upon. I. Lit. delphinum silvis, Hor. II. 
Transf., to write in addition; aliquid novi, Cic. 

Appius -ii, m., Appia -ae, f. a Roman 
praenomen, common in the geus Claudia, v. 
Claudius ; hence, 1, Appius -a -um, Appian ; 
via, the celebrated road from. Rome to Capua, 
afterwards extended to Rrundisium, constructed 
a.u.c. 442 by the Censor, App. Claudius Caecus; 
aqua, re conduit constructed by the same, Liv. ; 
Appii Forum, v. forum ; 2, Appias -adis, 
f. a, the statue of a nymph which stood at the 
commencement of the above-mentioned aqueduct, 
Ov. ; b, Appiades deae, statues in the temple of 
Venus, which stood near this aqueduct, Ov. : 3, 
Appianus -a -um, belonging to an Appius, 
Appian; libido (of the Decemvir App. Claudius), 
Liv. 

Appietas -atis, f. the antiquity of the Appian 
family, a word invented by Cicero to flatter Apphis. 

applaudo (ad-plaudo) -plausi -plausum, 3. 
I. Trans., to strike upon, to clap; cavis applauso 
corpora palmis, Ov. II. Intrans. to applaud, 
riaut. 

applicatio -onis, f. (applico). I. inclination ; 
animi, Cic. II. .jusapplicationis, therights spring- 
ing from the relation of patron and client, Cic. 

applicatus -a -um, p. adj. (from applico), 
applied to, lying near, Varr. 

applico (ad-plico), -avi -atum and -fii -itum, 
1. I. to add to, apply to, place to or near, join to, 
put to. A. Lit., a, se ad flammam, Cic. ; oscula 
feretro, to kiss, Ov. ; ensem capulo tenus, to 
drive in, Verg. ; milit. t.t., corpora corporibus, 
to close up the ranks, Liv. ; b, in passive, esp. 
in partic. perf., lying near, situated near, built 
near; Leucas colli applicata, Liv. B. Transf., 

1, to connect; voluptatem ad honcstatem, Cic; 

2, se ad and sc alicui, to attach oneself to ; se ad 
aliquem quasi patronum, Cic. ; se ad alicu.jus 
familiaritateiii, or amicitiam, or societatem, Cic. 
II. to turn or direct towards. A. Lit. nautical 
t.t., to steer a ship towards, to bring to land; 
naves ad terrain, Caes. ; navem ad aliquem, 
Cic; absol., to land; quocumque litore appli- 
cuisse naves hostium audissent, Liv. B. Transf., 
to devote oneself to ; se ad eloquentiam, Cic. ; 
(perf. applicui, only once in Cic. ; sup. appli- 
citum and partic. applicitus not used by Cic). 

apploro, 1. to lament, deplore, Hor. 

appono (ad-pono). -pSsui -positum, 3. I. to 
place near, to put to. A. Gen. gladium, Cic. 
B. Esp., a, to serve, put on the table; patellam, 
Cic. ; apposita secunda mensa, Cic. ; b, in 
writing, to place near ; notam ad versum, or epis- 
tolis, Cic. II. Transf. A. a, to appoint; cus- 
todem me Tullio. Cic. ; b, to procure, suborn; 
calumniatores, Cic B. to put to, add to; 1, 
Gen., annos alicui, Hor. ; vitiis moduni, Cic. ; 
lucro, reckon as a gain, Hor. ; 2, to add, by 
way of command, aqua et igni interdictnm reo 
appositumque, ut teneretur insula, Tac. 

apporrectus -a -um (ad and porrigo), ex- 
tended near, Ov. 



apporto (ad-porto), 1. to carry, bring to; 
lapidem, signa, Cic. 

apposco (ad-posco), 3. toaskinaddilion, Hor. 

apposite, adv. (appositus), appropriately, 
appositely; <Iicere apposite ad pcrsuasionem, Cic. 

appositus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from appono), placed, near. I. Lit., 
situated, ov lying mar ; castellum fluinini app., 
Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen., audacia tidentiae 
non contrarium sed appositum et propinquum, 
Cic. ; B. Esp., fit, appropriate, apposite; menses 
appositi ad agendum, Cic. ; homo bene appositus 
ad istius audaciam, Cic 

appotus (ad-potus) -a -um, very drunk, Plaut. 

apprecor (ad-prScor), l., dep. to worship, 
pray to ; rite deos, Hor. 

apprehendo (ad-prehendo) -prghendi -pre- 
hensuin, 3. and poet, apprendo (ad-prendo) 
-prendi -prensum, 3. to seize, lay hold of. I. Lit, 
A. Gen., claviculis adminicula tamquam mani- 
bus, Cic. B. Esp., to take possession of; His- 
panias, Cic II. Transf., of discourse, to bring 
forward, allege ; ut quidquid ego apprehenderam, 
statim accusator extorquebat, Cic. 

apprime (apprimus), adv., by far, above all, 
exceedingly, Plant., Nep. 

apprimo -pressi, -pressum, 3. (ad and pre- 
1110), to press to ; dextram alicujus, Tac. 

apprdbatio -onis, f. (approbo). I. appro- 
bation, approval, assent, Cic. II. Esp., philo- 
soph. t.t., proof; quae (propositio) uon indiget 
approbatione, Cic. 

approbator -oris, m. (approbo), one who 
approves or assents ; profectionis meae, Cic. 

approbe, adv. (ad and probus), very well; 
ilium novisse, Plaut. 

approbo (ad-pr6bo), 1. 1 ? to approve of, as- 
sent to; consilium alicujus, Cic ; esp. of a deity, 
to bless, approve of; quod actum est dii appro- 
bent, Cic. ; 2, to prove, to establish; proposi- 
tioncm app. et firmare, Cic. 

appromitto (ad-promitto)-misi -missum, 3. 
to promise in addition, i.e. to promise also in one's 
own name, Cic 

appropero (ad-prop8ro) -avi, atum, -are. 
I. Trans., to hasten; coeptum opus, Liv.; II. 
Intrans., to hasten ; approperate, Cic. ; appr. ad 
cogitatum facinus, Cic. 

appropinquatio -onis, f. (appropinquo), 
approach; mortis, Cic. 

appropinquo (ad-propinquo), 1. to ap- 
proach, draw near. I. Of place, ad summam 
aquam, Cic. ; with dat. januae, Liv.; Oceano, 
Caes. II. Transf., a, of time, hierus appro- 
pinquat, Caes. ; illi poena, nobis libertas appro- 
pinquat, Cic. ; b, of persons, qui jam appropia- 
quat ut videat, is near to seeing, Cic. 

appugno (ad-pugno), 1. to. storm, assault; 
castra, Tac. 

Appulejus, or Apulejus»i, m. a Roman 
name; 1, L. Appulejus Saturninus, tribune of the 
people, 100 B.C. ; 2, a Roman writer, born about 
130 a.d., at Madaura, in Africa. Adj., 1. Appu- 
lejus -a -um, of or belonging to Appndejus ; lex 
(Ae. majestate) introduced by the tribune Ap- 
pulejus ; 2, Appulejanus -a -um, of or be- 
longing to Appulejus. 

Appulia, Apulia -ae, f. a country in the 
south of Italy. Adj., a, Appulicus -a -um, 
inare, Die Adriatic Sea, Hor. ; b, Appulus -a 
-um, Apulian. 

appulsus -fls, m. (2. appello). I. a driving 
towards. A. an approach; quod pars earum 
(regionum) appulsu solis exarserit, Cic. £, in- 



apr 



48 



aqu 



fluence produced by approach ; caloris, Cic. II. 
landing on, landing; litorum, Liv. 

apricatio -ouis, f. (npricor), a basking in the 
sun, Cic. 

apricitas -atis, f. (apricus), sunniness, sun- 
shine, warmth, 1'lin. 

aprlcor, 1., dep. (apricus), to sun oneself, Cic. 

apricus -a -um, adj. with com par. and su- 
perl. (for apericus, from aperiol I. Lit., Of 
places, open to the sun, sunny; locus, Cic; in 
apricum proferre, to bring to light, Hor. II. 
Transf., loving the sun ; flores, Hor. ; mergi, 
Verg. ; senes, Peis. 

' Apr ills -e (aperio), Aprilis inensis or Sttbst., 
the month of April, Cic. 

aprinus -a -um (apcr), relating or belonging 
to a wild boar, Plin. 

aprugnus -a -um (aper), belonging to a wild 
boar, Plant. 

Apsus -i, m. ("Ai//os), a river of Illyria, now 
Berzatino. 

aptatus -a -um(partic. of a.pto), fitted, appro- 
priate, Cic. 

apte, adv., witli compar. and superl. (aptus), 
fitly, appropriately ; facere, dicere, Cic. 

apto, 1. (intcns. of *apo), to fit to, adapt to, 
adjust. I. Gen., corpori anna, Liv. ; enses dex- 
teris, Hor. II. to prepare, get ready. A. Lit., 
nrma, Liv. ; classem velis, Verg. ; se annis, 
Liv. B. Transf., to make fit or appropriate ; hoc 
veibum est ad id aptatum quod, etc., Cic. 

aptUS -a -uin, 1. (partic of obsolete verb, 
*apo). I. Partic, 1, Lit., fastened to; gladius 
e lacunari seta equina aptus, Cic.; 2, Transf., 
depending upon ; lionestum ex quo aptum est 
ofticium, Cic. ; with abl. alone, rudentibus apta 
fortuna, Cic. B. connected, joined, n''Ud ; 1, 
Lit, a, omnia inter hc connexa ot apta, Cic; 
b, prepared, equipped, fitted out ; omniasibi esse 
au bellum apta et parata, Cic. ; caelum stellis 
fulgentibus aptum, adorned with, Verg. ; 2, 
Transf., Thncydides verbis aptus et pressus, Cic 
II. Adj., with compar. and superl., suitable, ap- 
propriate, fitting; with ad ami the ace, mititeB 
minus apti ad hujus generis hostein, Cic ; id 
pallium esse aptum ad ounie anni tempus, Cic. ; 
with in and the ace, in quod (genus) minus apti 
sunt, Liv. ; with dat., haec genera dicencli apti- 
ora sunt adolescentibus, Cic. ; absol., verbis 
quam maxime aptis, Cic. 

apud (aput), prep., with ace. (root AP, 
whence apo,, aptus, apud thus meaning being 
fastened to, near to), at, near, by, with, chiefly 
used of persons. I. Of nearness to persons, 
1, apud aliquem sedere, near, Cic. ; plus apud 
me antiquorum auctoritas valet, Cic ; hence 
a^ apud me, at my house, Cic. ; apud §e esse 
(fig.), to bs in possession of one's faculties, 

tut. ; b, apud exercitum esse, to be serving 
as a soldier, Cic ; 2, before, in the presence of; 
apud judices, Cic. ; 3, with ; cousequi gratiam 
apud bonos viros, Cic. ; hence, with — in the 
time of; apud patres nostros, Cic. ; 4, of an 
author, in the works of; apud Xenopliontem, 
Cic. : 5, to ; apud aliquem queii, Cic II. Of 
places, 1, in tlie neighbourhood of; apud Alyziam, 
Cic. ; 2, at, in; apud villain, Cic 

Apulejus, v. Appulejus. 

Anulia, v. Appulia. 

aqua -ae, f. (akin to Keltic arh and Sanscrit 
apa = water), icater. I. Lit., A. water in the 
broadest meaning of the word ; pluvia, Cic. ; 
marina, Cic. ; plur., aquae dulces, Cic. ; special 
phrases, a, aspeigerealieui aquam, to re-animate, 
Plaut. ; b, aquam praebere, to entertain, Hor. ; c, 
aqua et ignis, tit* necessaries of life ; non aqua, non 



igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam ami- 
c-itia, Cic. ; hence, (a) aqua et igni interdieere 
alicui, Cic ; or aqua et. igni aliquem arcere, Tac ', 
tobanish ; (0) aquam terramque petere orposcere 
ah aliquo, to demand submission from the enemy, 
a Persian custom, Liv. ; d, aqua barret, then is 
a difficulty or a hitch, Cic. ; e, in aqua scribere, 
to write in water, Cat. B. water in a narrower 
souse ; 1, a, the sea; ad aquam, on the sea-coast. 
Cic. ; b, «■ lake; Albanae aquae deductio, Cic. , 
C, a river ; secunda aqua, down stream, Liv. ; 2,' 
rain, Hor.; 3, plur., aquae ; a, spring*, Verg. ; 
b, hot medicinal springs; ad aquas venire, Cic. ; 
hence as a proper name, Aquae Sextiae, &c ; 4, 
of an aqueduct, aquam ducere non longe e villa, 
Cic ; 5, water inthe water-clock; hence, aquam 
dare, to give time, Plin. ; aquam perdere, to 
lose time, Quint. ; 6, tears, Prop. II. Transf., 
Aqua, a constellation, Cic. poet. 

aquaeductus -us, m. ;1, an aqueduct, Cic; 
2, the right of conveying icater to a- place, Cic. 

aqualiculus -i, m. (dim. of aqualis), a 
small water-vessel ,'jhence, the belly, Pers. 

aqualis -e (aqua), watery. Subst., aqualis 

-is, c. a wash-boicl, Plaut. 

aquariUS -a -um (aqua), belonging to water. 
I. Adj., provincia, superintendence of the supply 
of water, Cic. II. Subst., aquarius -ii, m. 1, 
a. water-carrier, Juv. ; 2, an inspector of con- 
duits-, ap. Cic ; 3, the constellation so called, Hor. 

aquatlCUS -a -um (aqua). I. living in 
water, aquatic; lotos, Ov. II. full of water, 
watery; auster, bringing rain, Ov. 

aquatilis -e (aqua), living or growing in the 
water, Cic. 

aquatio -onis, f. (aquor). A. A fetching of 
water, t'aes. B. Meton., a place whence water 
may be fetched, a watering-place, Plin. 

aquator -oris, in. (aquor), a person that 
fetches water, Caes. 

aquila -ae, f. (perhaps fern, of aquilus), an 
eagle. I. Lit, in mythology, the bearer of 
the lightning of Jove, Cic. II. Transf., 1, an 

eagle as the standard of each Roman legion, Cic. ; 
Meton., a, a legion, Plin. ; b, the post of standard- 
bearer, Juv. ; 2, the Eagle, a constellation, Cic. ; 
3 ? plur. aquilae, the. eagle on the frotrt and. rear 
of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which seemed 
to support the gable, Tac. 

Aquileja -ae, f. a town in the north of Italy, 
now Aquileja or Aglar ; hence adj., Aquile- 
jensis -e, of or belonging to Aquileja. 

aquilifer -fen (aquila and fero), m. an eagle 
or standard-bearer, Cic. 

aquilinus -a -um (aquila), relating to an 
eagle, Plant. 

Aquilius -a -um, name, of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were—1, C. 
Aquilius Gallus, friend of and colleague with 
Cicero in the praetorship (C(i b.c), a, famous 
orator and jurist ; 2, Aquilius Regulus, an in- 
former under the empire ; hence, Aquilianus 
-a -um, belonging to Aquilius. 

aquilo -onis, in. (connected with aquilus, 
the i. "nk stormy one); 1, the north wind, Cic ; 
meton., the north, Cic. ; 2, Aquilo, as a myth. 
person, husband, of Orithyia, father of (.'(dais and 
Zctes. 

aquHonalis, -e (aquilo), northern, Cic. 

Aquilonia -ae, f. a town in the comitry of 
tiie nirpini, now Carbonnra. 

aquilonius -a -um, 1, northern, Cic. ; 2, 
belonging to Aquilo (2); proles, Calais and Ztta., 
Prop. 

aquilus -a -um, dark-coloured, blackish, Plaut. 



Aqu 



Aquinum -i, n. town inLatium, now Aquino. 
Adj., Aquinas -atis, belonging to Aquinum. 

Aquitani -orum, m. inhabitants of Aquita- 
nia; hence Aquitania -ae, f. Aquitania, the 
south-west part of Gaul, between the Garonne ana 
the Pyrenees. 
aquor, 1. dep. (aqua), to fetch water, Caes. 
aquosus -a -am, adj. with eompar. and 
superL (aqua), full of water, watery ; Orion, 
Verg. ; Eurus, rain-bringing, Hor. ; mater, 
Thetis, Ov. 

aquula -ae, f. (dim. of aqua), a little water, 
a small stream, Cic. 

ara -ae, f. (connected with alpio, I raise); 1, 
on elevation of earth, stone, &c. ; a, ara sepulcn, 
a funeral pyre, Verg. ; 2, plur., arae, rocks, 
Verg.; 3, a monument of stone; virtutis, Oic. ; 
4, an altar; a, avam consecrare deo, Cic. ; pro 
aris et focis, for hearths and homes, Cic. ; fig., 
a refuge, protection; legum, Cic; b, transf. a 
constellation, Cic. poet. 

Arabarches -ae, m. ('Apa/3apx>)s)> an Egyp- 
tian magistrate, a superior tax-collector, Juv. ; 
used sarcastically of Pompey (who by his con- 
quests increased the tribute paid to Rome), Cic. 
Arabes -urn, m. ("Apa0es), the inhabitants of 
Arabia, the Arabs; hence, 1, Arabs -abis, 
Arabian; 2, Arabia -ae, f. ('Apapi'a), the 
country of Arabia, in the south-west of Asia, used 
loosely for any country inhabited by nomadic 
tribes akin to the Arabs ; 3, Arabicus -a -urn, 
Arabian; 4, Arabius -a -urn, Arabian; 5, 
Arabus -a -um, Arabian. 

arabilis -e (aro), that can be ploughed, arable. 
Plin. 

Arachne, -es, f. ('Apix^vX <* Lydian maiden 
who entered into a contest in spinning with Mi- 
nerva and was turned into a spider. 

Aradiis -i, f- ("ApaSos), a Phoenician town, 
now Buad. Adj., Aradius -a -um. 

aranea -ae f. (ipix^). 1» a spider; 2, the 
spider's web, Plaut. 

araneola -ae, f. (dim. of aranea), a little 
spider, Cic. 

araneolus -i, m. (dim. of aranea), a little 
spider, Verg. 

araneosus -a -um (aranea), 1, full of cob- 
webs, Cat. ; 2, like a cobweb, Plin. 

1. araneus -i, m. a spider, Lucr. 

2. araneus -a -um, relating to a spider, Plin. 
Subst, araneum -i, n. a cobweb, Phaedr. 

Arar and Araris, -is, m. a river in Gaul, 
the Saone. 

aratio -onis, f. (aro). I. ploughing, agri- 
culture, Cic. II. Meton., a ploughed field, Plaut. ; 
esp., arationes = the public domains let at a rent 
of one-tenth of their produce, Cic. 

arator -oris, m. 1, a ploughman, a husband- 
man, Cic.; appel.taurus.Ov.; 2,aratores, tenants 
of the arationes, q.v., Cic. 

aratrum -i, n. the plough; aratrum circum- 
v ducere, Cic. ; aliqueni ab aratro arcessere, Cic. 
Aratthus -i, in. ('Apon-flos). a river in Epirus, 
now Aria. 

Aratus -i, in. ("Aparos). I. n Greek poet, born 
in Cilicia, whose astronomical poan *aii<op.era 
was translated by Cicero. Adj., Aratcus and 
Aratius -a -um, belonging to Aratus; carmine, 
Cic. ; and absol., nostra quaedam Aratea, 
Cicero's translation of the poem, Cic. II. a 
celebrated Greek general, founder of tlie Achaean 
j.eayue. 



49 arc 

Araxes -is, m. ('Apatrj?), a river in Armenia. 

arbiter -tri, m. (from ar= ad, and bitere, to 
go). I. a witness, spectator, hearer; locus ab 
arbitris reinotus, Cic; remotis arbitris, Cic. II. 
A. Legal t. t., an umpire, arbitrator; arbiter 
litis, Cic ; aliquem arbitrum adigere, Cic ; arbi- 
trum dare, Cic. ; sumere, Cic. ; esse in ahquam 
rein arbitrum, Cic; ad arbitrum confugere, Cic. ; 
uti aliquo arbitro, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a judge 
of any matter; formae (of Paris), Ov. ; armorum, 
Ov ; 2. ruler, lord, master; bibendi, Hor. ; Ad- 
riae, the south wind, Hor. ; elegautiae, Tac 

arbitra -ae, f. (arbiter) a female witness, Hor. 

arbitrarius -a -um, depending on the will, 
arbitrary, uncertain, Plaut. 

arbitratus -us, m. approval, will, choice, 
wish; tuo arbitratu, Cic. ; cujus arbitratu sit 
educatus, Cic. 

arbltrium -i, n. A. The umpire's decision ; 
aliud est judicium, aliud arbitiium ; judicium 
est pecuniae certae, arbitiium incertae, Cic B. 
Transf . 1, any decision, judgment, free choice ; 
arbitiium eligendi, Tac; libera arbitna de 
alinuo agere, Liv. ; res ab opinioms arbitno 
seiunctae, Cic. ; arbitria funeris, the expenses of 
a' funeral, Cic; 2, might, mastery, authority; 
arbitrio suo, Cic. 

arbltror, 1. dep. (pass. Plant., Cic., arbitro, 



Plant.). I. to hear, perceive, Plant, II. Transt., 
to express an opinion as witness, Cic ; hence, to 
think, be of opinion ; qui se natos ad homines 
juvandos uibitrantur, Cic. ; witli ace. and mfln., 
ut quisque minimum in se esse arbitraretur, Cic. 

arbor (arbos) -5ris, f. a tree. A. Lit., tici, a 
fig tree, Cic ; Jovls, the oak, Ov. ; PJioebi, tlie 
laurel, Ov. ; Talladis, the olive, Ov. B. Meton., 
infelix, the gallows, Cic. ; mali, a mast, Verg. ; 
arbor, an Bw , Verg. ; a ship, Pelias, the Argo, Ov. 

arboreus -a -um, relating to trees, Verg. ; 
corima, branching, Verg. 

arbustum -i, n. (arbor), a plantation, a vine- 
yard planted with trees, Cic. 

arbustus -a -um, full of trees; ager, Cic. 

arbuteus -a -um, relating to the arbutus, Ov., 

Verg 

arbiitum -i, n . , 1, the fruit of the wijd straw- 
berry or arbutus tree, Verg. ; 2, the wild straw- 
berry tree or arbutus, Verg. 

arbutus -:, f. the wild strawberry or arbutus 
tree, Verg. 

area -ae, f. (root ARC, whence also arceo). I. 
a chest, box. A. Gen., Cic. B. Esp. , a, ,o co#u, 
Liv. ; b, money coffer, Cic. ; meton. = the money 
in the coffer; arcae nostrae confidito, Cic. II. 
a cell for close imprisonment, Cic. 

Arcadia -ae, f. (ApuaSla), a country of the 
Peloponnesus. Adj., 1, Arcadius -a -um ; 2, 
Arcadicus -a -um ; deus, Pan, Prop. ; ju- 
venis, a simpleton, Juv. ; virgo, Arethusa, Ov. ;. 
3 Areas -adis, tyraniius, Lycaon, Ov. Subst., 
Areas -adis, Mercury, Mart. ; Arcades -um, 
in. the Arcadians, Cic. 
arcano, adv., secretly, Cic. 
arcanus -a -um (area, arceo), 1, silent; 
homo, Plaut, ; nox, Ov. ; 2, secret, Cic.;_arcana 
consilia, Liv. ; sacra. Ov. Subst., arcanum 
-i, n. a secret, Liv., Juv. 
Arc&S -adis, m. ('Ap«cas), son of Jupiter and 

Callisto, placed in the heavens as the star Arcto- 

phylox. 
arceo -ctfi, 2. (root ARC, whence area). I. to 

shut in, shut up ; alvus arcet et continet quod 

red pit, Cic. II. A. to prohibit access to, to keep 

at a distance, to hinder, prevent ; copias hostium, 

Cic ; followed by ne with subj., Liv. ; with ttia 



Arc 



50 



ard 



ace. and ab with the abl., aliquem ab urbe, Cic; 
with the ace. and abl. alone, hostem Gallia, 
Cic. ; with dat, Verg. B. to protect from; ali- 
qipin periclis, Verg. 

Arocsilds -fie, in. ('Ap^eo-iAn?) and Arces- 
ilnus -i, in. ('Ap(ct<Ti'Aao5), a Greek philosopher 

of Vitanc in Aeolia (:U(i-241 B.C.), founder of the 
Middle Academy. 
Arcesius -ii, m. ('ApiceArto?), father of 

Laertes, and gram/father of Ulysses. 

arcessltor -oris, m. one who calk or fetches, 
Plin. 

arcessitUS, abl. -ii, m. calling for, summons; 
ipsius rogatu arcessituque, Cic. 

arcesso (accerso) -Ivi -itum, 3. (accedo), 
to fetch or call to a place, to summon, I. Gen. 
A. Lit, aliquem litteris Capua, Cic. ; aliquem 
in senatum, Cic. ; sacra ab exteris uationibus 
asciscere et arcessere, Cic. B. Transf., of a 
thought, to bring, derive; argumentum usque a 
eapite, Cic. ; hence arcessitus, strained, far- 
fetched; dictum, Cic. II. Esp. 1, to bring the 
dead from the lower world, Verg. ; 2, to bring 
the bride to the bridegroom's house, Ter. ; 3, legal 
t. t., to summon, bring before a court of justice ; 
aliquem judicio capitis, Cic. ; aliquem capitis, Cic. 

Archelaus -i, m. ('ApWAaos). I. a Greek 
philosopher of Miletus. II. King of Macedonia 
from. 413 B.C., friend, of Euripides. III. General 
of Mithridates. IV. Son of III., husband of 
Berenice. V. the grandson of IV., the last king 
of Cappadocia. 

archetypus -a -urn (apx«'™;ros), original, 
Juv. 

Archias-ae, m. ('Apx<as). I. Aulus Licinius, 
a Greek poet of Antioch, defended by Cicero. II. 
a celebrated cabinet-maker, hence Archlacus 
•a -urn, of or belonging to Archias. --■ 

archigallus -i, m. a high priest of Cybele, 
Din. 

ArchilocIlUS -i, 111. ('Apxt'Aoxos), a Creek 
satiric poet, inventor of imnliic verse. Adj., 
Archil<5ciiiu3 -a -urn, Archilochian ; appel., 
sharp, biting, Cic. 

archimagims -i, m. (apx^oycipos), head 
cook, Ov. 

Archimedes -is, m. CApxi/i^t)?), celebrated 
mathematical and mechanical philosopher, killed 
on the capture of Syracuse by Marcellus (212 B.C.). 

archimimus -i, m. (apxitit-e-os), chief mime 

or buffoon, Suet. 

archiplrata -ae, m. (apxi7reiprmj?), chief 
pirate, Cic. 

archltectdn -finis, m.(apxiTeKTwi'), 1, master- 
builder, Plant. ; 2, a master in cunning, Plant. 

archltector, 1. dep. A.tobuild. B. Transf., 
to devise, to prepare, provide ; voluptates, Cic. 

architecture -ae, f. architecture, Cie. 

architectus -i, m. (apx'TtKTwi'), 1, cm archi- 
tect, master-builder ; architecti opcrum, Cic. ; 2, 
Transf., an inventor, author, maker ; hujus legis, 
Cie. ; quasi arch, beatae. vitae, Cic. 

archon -ontis, m. (apxwv), an. nrchon, one 
of the chief magistrates of Athens, Cie. 

Archytas -ae, m. CApx^™?), a philosopher 
of Tarentvm (about 400-305 b.c). 

arcitenens -entis (arcus and teneo), holding 
the bow, epithet of Apollo and Diana, Verg., Ov. 

arct . . . = art . . . q.v. 

Arctos -i, f. (apKTo;), 1, the great and little 
bear, Verg., Ov. ; juncta Aquilonibus Arctos, the 
North Pole, Ov. ; opacain cxeipere Arcton, to be 
towards the North, Hor. ; 2, the night, Prop. 

Arctous -a -urn (dpKTwos) belonging to the 
north pole, northern, Mart, 



Arcturus -i, m. (apxTovpos), 1, the brightest 
star of the constellation Bootes, Cic. ; 2, Bootes, 
Verg. 

arcuatus -a -nni (partie. of arcuo), bent like 
a bow, curved; currus, Li v. 

arcula -ae, f. (dim. of area), 1, a casket for 
money, jewels, or perfume; arculae inulicbrcs, 
Cie.; 2, Transf., rhetorical ornament; omnes 
(Isocrati) discipulorum arculae, Cic. 

arcularius -i, m. a casket maker, Plant. 

arcuo, 1. to beiul or shape like a bow, Plin. 

arcus -us, m. I, <i bow ; a, arcum intendere, 
Cic. ; adducere, Verg. ; arcus Haemonii, the con- 
stellation Sagittarius, Ov. ; b, the rainbow, Cic. ; 
C, an arch, vault, triumphal arch, Suet. II. 
Transf., 1, anything arched or curved, Verg., 
Ov. ; 2, a mathematical arc, Sen. ; the parallel 
circles which bound the zones of the earth, Ov. 

1. ardea -ae, f. a heron, Verg. 

2. Ardea -ae, f. ('ApSe'a), town of the Rutuli, 
inLatium. Adj., a, Ardeas -atis, b, Arde- 
atinus -a -urn, of or belonging to Ardea. 

ardelio -onis, m. a busybody, Mart. 

ardens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (ardeo), hot, glowing. A. Lit., lapides, 
Liv. B. Transf., a, of the eyes, glowing ; oculi, 
Verg. ; b, of colour, glittering ; apes ardentes 
anro, Verg. ; c, of wine, strong, fiery; Falernum, 
Hor. ; d, of passions, &c, burning, eager, hot; 
odium, Liv. ; avaritia, Cic. ; ardentes in aliquem 
litterae, Cic. ; ardentes equi, spirited. Verg. ; e, 
of oratory, fiery ; orator, Cic. ; oratio', actio, Cic. 

ardenter, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(ardens), hotly, violently ; cupere, Cic. 

ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2. tobum, glou; be on fire. 
I. Lit., faces, Cic. ; donius, Cic; marearsit eo 
anno, Liv. ; jam proximus ardet Ucnlegon, the 
house of u., Verg. ; ardent altaria, Verg. II. 
Transf., 1, oftlie eyes, to glow, Cic; 2, of colours, 
to flash, sparkle, glow; ardebat mnrice lacna, 
Verg.; 3, of feelings, a, of the body, qtumi omnes 
art us ardcro vidercntur, fie in pain, Cic; b, 
of the mind, amore, dolore, furore, Cie. ; arderc 
in proelia, eagerly to desire fight, Verg. ; esp. in 
poets, to burn with love; ardere aliqua or in 
aliqua or aliqnam, Hor., Verg., Ov. ; ardere 
invidia, to he heated, Cie. ; c, of conspiracies, 
wars, ivc, to burst out; quum arderct conjn- 
ratio, Cic. ; quum arderet Syria bello, be in a 
state of excitement, Cie. 

ardcdla -ae, f. (dim. of ardea), a heron, Plin. 

ardesco, arsi, 3. (inch, of ardeo), to take fire, 
kindle. I. Lit., arsi d ai undo, Verg. II, Transf., 

I, to glitter ; fulmineis ignibus ardescunt undae, 
Ov.; 2, of the passions, to become inflamed; 
tuendo, Verg. ; libidinibus, Tae. 

ardor -oris, m. flame, burning, heat. I. Lit., 
solis, Cic. II. Transf., 1, the glow of the eyes, 
oculorum, Cic. ; 2, gleam, glimmer; stellarum, 
Cie. ; 3, of the feelings or passions, ardour, 
fierceness; cupiditatum, Cin. ; animorum et ar- 
mornm, Cic. ; pugnandi,/orj?f?7i/>?if7, Liv. ; with 
ad and the ncc, mentis ad gloriam, Cic. ; ad 
helium armaqne, Liv. ; esp. the. passion of love, 
Ov. ; virginis, for a maiden, Ov. 

Arduenna -ae, f. a forest in Gallia Belgica, 
now the forest of Ardennes. 

ardiius -a -van, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (root AT?, Gr. AP, whence area. SpaO, 
steep. I. Lit., A. collis, Liv. ; ascensus diili- 
cilis atque arduus, Cic. Subst., ardiium -i, 
n. a steep place ; per ardmun dueuntur, Liv. B. 
Poet., lofty; aether, Ov. ; nubes, Hor.; sese 
arduus infert (Turnns), with proud mien, Verg. 

II, Transf., difficult to undertake or reach; res 



are 



61 



arg 



arduae ac difficiles, Cic. ; avduum videtur, or est 
followed by infin., Sail., Liv. Subst., arduum 
-i, n. what is difficult to accomplish, Hor., Ov. 

area -ae, f. (Root Alt, Gr. AP, whence 
arduus and apai), a high-lying open space, surface. 

1. Gen. collemque super planissima eampi area, 
Ov. II. Esp., 1, an open sjxt.ee in a town, Liv. ; 

2, a site for a house, Cic. ; 3, tlie court-yard, Liv. ; 
4, threshing-floor, Cic. ; 5, the part of the circus 
where the games were held; lig., sphere, scope, Ov. 

arefacio -feci -factum, 3. to make dry, Lucr. 

Arelate, n. and Arelas -atis, f. town in 
Gcdlia Narbonensis, now Aries. Adj., Xrelat- 
ensis -e. 

Aremoricus -a -uni (from Keltic are = on, 
and mor = sea), lying on the sea; civitates, Gallic 
states on the coast of the English Channel. 

arena -ae, f. sand. I. Lit., saxa globosa 
arenae immixta, Liv. ; arenae carae, the sands of 
Pactolus, Ov. ; prov., arenae mandare semina, to 
sow the sand, of a fruitless work, Ov. II. Meton., 

1, a sandy place ; arenam aliquant aut paludes 
einere, Cic. ; 2, the sea-shore; optata potiri 
arena, Verg. ; 3, the arena in the amphitheatre 
(covered with sand) ; promittere operas arenae, 
Tac. III. Transf., the scene of any contention or 
struggle, Plin. , 

arenarius -a -um, relating to sand, sandy- 
Subst., arenaria -ae, f. (sc. fodina), a sand 
pit, Cic. 

arenosus -a -um, sandy, Verg. . 

arena -entis, p. adj. (areo), dry. I. Gen. 
rivus, Verg. II. dry with thirst ; ora, Ov. ; 
poet, sitis, Ov. 

areo, 2. A. to be dry ; aret ager, Verg. B. 
Esp., to be dry with thirst, Liv. 

areola -ae, f. (dim. of area), a little open 
spate, Plin. 

Areopagus -i, m. ('Apeios n-ayos), Mars' 
hill at Athens, upon which the court called Areo- 
2xigus held its sittings, Cic. ; hence, Areopa- 
gites -ae, in. a member of the court, Cic. 

Ares -is, m. ("Apr)?), the Greek god of war, 
appell., a warrior, Plant. 

aresco, 3. (inch, of areo), to become dry; cito 
arescit lacrima, Cic. 

Arestorides -ae, in. (Apeo-Topi'Sijs), a de- 
scendant of Arestor, i.e., Argus, his son. 

aretalogUS -i, m. (<ipei-aA.dyos), a babbler 
about virtue, a kind of philosophical buffoon, Juv. 

Arethusa -ae, f. ('Ape9ovo-a), a fountain in 
the island of Ortygia at Syracuse; myth, a Nereid 
beloved by the river Alpheus, who dived tinder the 
sea in pursuit of her. Adj. , 1, Arethusis -Wis ; 

2, Arethusius -a -um, of or belonging to Are- 
thusa. 

Areus a -um, relating to Mars ; judicium, 
the Areopagus, Tac. 

ArganthoniUS -li, m. ('Apyapflwvios), a king 
of Tartessus, v>ho lived to a great age. 

Argei -orum, m. 1, chapels of local deities in 
Borne; 2, figures of men, thrown into the Tiber 
every year on the Ides of May. 

Argentanum -i, n. a town in Sruttium, 
now Argentino. 

argentarius -a -um, 1, relating to silver; 
inetalla, silver mines, Plin. ; 2, relating to money ; 
Tnopia, Plaut. ; taberna, a banker's stall, Liv. 
Subst., A. argentarius -li, m. a money- 
changer, banker, Cic. B. argentaria -ae, f. 
1, (sc. taberna), a banker's office, Liv. ; 2, (sc. 
ars), a banker's trade, Cic; 3, (sc. fodina), a 
tilver mine, Liv. 



argentatuS -a -um, 1, ornamented with 
silver; milites, with silvered shields, Liv. ; 2, 
provided with money, Plant. 

argenteus-a-uin, I. l,mculeof silver ; nquila, 
Cic. ; minimus, Varr. ; denarius, Plin. ; or simply 
argenteus, Tac. ; 2, ornamented or covered with 
silver; scena, Cic. ; 3, of the colour of silver ; 
anser, Verg. II. Transf., belonging to the Silver 
Age; proles, Ov. 

argentifodina -ae, f. a silver mine, Varr., 
Plin. 

argentoSUS -a -um, full of silver, rich in 
silver, Plin. 

argentum -i, n. (apy>js), silver ; I. signatum, 
stamped with a pattern, Cic. ; II. Esp., 1, silver 
plate, Cic. ; 2, silver coin, and generally money, 
Cic, Liv. 

Argiletum -i, n. a part of Rome where were 
many booksellers' shojis. Adj., Arglletaiius -a 
-um, o/or belonging to Argiletum. 

argilla, -ae, f. (apycAAos), white clay, potter's 
clay, Cic 
argillaceus -a -um, clayey, of clay, Plin. 

Arginussae (Arginusae) -arum, f. fAp- 
yivovcro-ai), islands on the coast of Aeolis, scene of 
a naval victory of the Athenians over the Spartans. 

Argo -us, f. CApyd), the ship Argo, in which 
many Greek heroes sailed to Colchis, under Jason, 
to fetch the Golden Fleece. Adj., ArgOUS -a -um. 

Argonautae -arum, m. (ApyovaiiTai), the 

Argonauts, the heroes who sailed in the Argo. 

Argos, n. and Argi -drum, m. I. the capital 
of Argolis, a country of the Peloponnese. Adj., A. 
ArgOUS a -um. B. ArglVUS -a -um, Argivc; 
augur, Amphiaraus, Hor. ; plur. subst., Argivi 
-orum, and poet, -um, m. the Argives. C. Ar- 
golis -idiij, f. 1, Adj., Argolic; 2, Subst., the 
district Argolis ; hence adj., ArgollCUS -a-um, 
Argolic. II. Argos Aniphilocliium, a town in 
li pirns. . . 

argumentatio -onis, f. the bringing forward 
of a proof ; argumentatio est expliwitio argu- 
ment^ Cic. 

argiimentor, 1, dep. X. Intransit. to bring 
forward a proof ; quid porro argumenter, qua dc 
re dubitare nemo possit, Cic. II. Transit, to 
allege as a proof, Liv. 

argumentum -i, n. (arguo), 1, an argument, 
proof, Cic. ; afferre argumenta, Cic. ; multis argu- 
ment-is deos esse docere, Cic. ; argumenta atque 
indicia sceleris, Cic. ; 2, subject, contents, matter; 
a, epistolae, Cic. ; b, subject of a drama; fabulae, 
Ter. ; c, a drama itself; explicare argumenti 
exitum, Cic. ; d, subject of a work of art, ex ebore 
diligentissime perfecta argumenta'erant in valvis 
(bas-reliefs), Cic. 

arguo -ui -utuin, 3. (connected with dpyds), 
to put in clear light. I. Gen. A. Lit. to main- 
tain, prove; speculatores non legatos venisse, 
Liv. B. Transf., to betray, prove; degenercsani- 
mos timor arguit, Verg. ; laudibus arguiturvini 
vinosus Hoinerus, Hor. II. Esp. A. to charge, 
accuse, expose, convict; with gen., summi sceleris, 
Cic. ; with abl., hoc crimine tc non arguo, Cic. ; 
with double ace, id quod me arguis, Cic ; with 
infin., Piosciusarguituroccidissepatrem.Cic. B. 
to censure, complain of; culpa, quam arguo, Liv. 

Argus -i, m. ("Apyot), the hundred-eyed guar- 
dian of lo, slain by Mercury. 

argutatio -onis, f. a rustling, Cat. 

argute, adv., with compar. and superb (ar- 
gutus), sagaciously, acutely ; callide arguteque 
dicere, Cic 

argutiae -iiruin, f. 1, liveliness, animation; 
digitorum, quick movement of the fingers, Cic ; 



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arm 



2, a, cleverness, subtlety, sagacity ; hujus orationcs 
tantuin argutiaruin, tantum urban itatis habent, 
Cic. ; b, in a Had sense, running, quibbling, Cic. 

argutor, l. dep. to chatter, riaut. 

argutiilus -a -uin, somewhat acuta ; libri, Cic. 

argutus -a -imi, ]>. adj. with corapar. and 
superl. (arguo), 1, in relation to the senses : a, 
to the eye, expressive, lively; manus, oculi, Cic. ; 
b, to t lie ear, piercing, penetrating, shrill; hir- 
uudo, Verg. ; forum, noisy, Ov. ; poeta, melodious, 
Hor. ; 2, relating to the mind, a,, significant, 
dear; of omens, argntissiina exta, Cic. ; b, of 
the understanding, o, in a good snise, sagacious, 
acute; argutus orator, Cic. ; /3, in a bad sense, 
sly, cunning; meretrix, Hor. 

argyraspides -pldum, m. (apyvpao-n-iSes), 
name of a picked corps in the Macedonian army, 
the xvearers of the silver shield, Liv. 

Ariadna -ae, & Ariadne -cs, f. (Ap'dSvn), 
daughter of Minos awl Pasiphae, who helped 
Theseus to slay the Minotaur, but was deserted by 
him and then beloved by Bacchus. 

Ariarathes -is, m. CApiapidty;), name of 
seivral kings of Cappadocia. 

Aricia -ae, f. town in Latium at the foot of the 
Alban Mount. Adj. Ariclnus -a -urn, belong- 
ing to Aricia. 

aridulus -a -urn (dim. of aridus), somewhat 
dry, Cat. 

aridus -a -una, adj. with compar. and superl. 
(areo), dry, arid. I. Lit., 1, folia, Cic. ; poet. 
Bonus, a dry, crackling sound, Verg. ; 2, dry 
with thirst ; viator, Verg. ; 3, shrivelled, fteshless; 
crura, Ov. ; absol., exsierati atque aridi, Cic. 
Subst., aridum -i, n. dry ground; naves in 
ariduin subducere, Caos. II. Transf., 1, of 
niauner of living, poor, meagre; vi'-vCic. ; 2, 
intellectually dry, jejune; genus orationis, Cic. ; 

3, avaricious, Ter. 

aries -6tis, m. (apnv, appnf). I. Lit. a ram, 
Cic. II. Transf. A. a battering ram, Caes. B. 
a prop, beam, Caes. C. one of the signs of the 
. Cic. 

arietatio -onis, f. a butting like a ram, Sen. 

arleto, 1. to butt like a ram, Verg. 

Arimlnura -i, n. toivn and river in Umbria. 
Adj., Arlminensis -e, belonging to Ariminum. 

Ariobarzanes -is, m. (' Apio/3apfanjs), name 
of several Icings of Cappadocia, and of one of Ar- 
menia. 

Arion or Alio -onis, in. CApiW). I. Myth, 
a harp-player, saved from drowning by a dolphin. 
Adj., ArioniUS -a, -urn, belonging to Arion. 
II. a Pythagorean philosopher, contemporary of 
Plato. 

AriovistUS -i, m. a German prince, conquered 
by Caesar. 

Arisba -ae, and Arisbe -cs, f. CApio-pn), 
town in the Troad. 

arista -ae, f. I. A. the point of an car of 
com, Cic. B. Meton., Me car itself, Verg. II. 
Transf., bristly hair, Pers. 

Aristaous -i, m. CAp'<rT(itos), son of Apollo 
Cyrene, legendary introducer of bee-keeping. 

Arlstarchus -i, m. ('ApioTapvo.;), a cele- 
brated grammarian and critic of Alexandria ; 
appell. " seuere critic, Cic. 

Aristidcs -is, in. ('Apio-m'SiiO, L a celebrated 

Athenian statesman and genera!, rind of Themis- 
II. a poet of Miletus. 

AristippilS-i, in. ('Apto-runr-os), a philosopher 
of Cyrene (about :iS0 n.r.) founder of the Cynic, 
school. Adj., Aristippcus-a-uin, of uv belong- 
ing to Aristipjms. 



Aristo and Arlston -onis, m. ('Api'crTwi'), rt 

philosopher of Chios, pupil of Zeno, contemporary 
with Caesar; hence adj., Aristoiicus -a -uin, 
of or belonging to Aristo. 

Aristodcmus -i, m. ('Ap«rTdfi>)/i<K). I. n 
tragic actor at Athens. II. a tyrant of Cumae in 
Campania, about 502 b.c. 

arisbolochia -ae, f. (api.o-To\o\ia), a plant 
useful in childbirth, Cic. 

Aristophanes -is, m. ('Apio-Toi/jan;?). I. the 
great Athenian comic dramatist. Adj., Aristo- 
phaneus -a -urn, of or relating to Aristophanes. 
II. a celcbratedgrammarian, pupil of Eratosthenes. 

Aristoteles -is and -i, in. ('Apio-TOTeAr)?), 
the celebrated Greek philosopher, founder of the 

Peripatetic school. Adj., Aristotcleus -a -uin, 
of or relating to Aristotle. 

arithmetica -ae and -e -es, i. (apifyiijTiioj, 
se. xe'xn)), arithmetic, Sen. 

arithmetica -drum, n. arithmetic, Cic, 

aritudo -inis, f. dryness, Plaut. 

arma -orum, n. (Root Alt, Greek AP, cf. ri 
apixeva), tools, implements. I. Gen., anna eques- 
tria, the fittings of a horse, Liv. ; cerealia, im- 
plements for grinding anil baking corn, Verg. ; 
building tools, Cic. II. implements of war. A. 
In the broadest sense, Liv. B. In a narrower 
ineaning,i/e/e)!sifea»*»uji(r(tela, offensive weapons), 
1, Lit. anna his imperata, galea, clypeum, ocreae, 
loriea, omnia ex acre, Liv. ; arma capere, BUUiere, 
Cic. ; ad arma ire, Cic. ; anuis deccrtare or de- 
cernere, Cic. ; in armis esse or stare, to be under 
arms, Liv. ; CLmilia habere in armis, Liv. ; anna 
deponere,Liv. ; tradere, Liv. ; ad arma " to arms," 
Caes. ; 2, Meton., war; arma eivilia, Cic; 3, 
military power ; Komana arma ingruere, Liv. I 
4, soldier; levia, light-armed troops, Liv.; 5j 
Fig. defence; arma prudentiae, Cic. 

armamenta -orum, n. implements, tackle; 
esp. of a ship, vela armamentaque, Caes. 

armamentarium -i, n. aw armoury, Cic. 

armariolum -i, n. (dim. of armarium), a 
little cupboard, Plaut. 

armarium -i, n. a cupboard, chest, Cic. 

armatura -ae, f. A. equipment, armour; 
Numidae levis armaturae, light-armed, Caes\ B. 
Meton., armed soldiers; armatura levis, light- 
armed troops, Cic. 

1. armatus, abl. -u, m. armour. A. Lit., 
hand dispari armatu, Liv. B. Meton., armed 
troops; gravis, heavy-armed troops, Liv. 

2. armStus -a -uin, p. adj. with superl. 
(armo), armed, equipped. A. Lit., armatus toga- 
tusquc, both in war crnd in peace, Liv. ; armatae 
classes, Verg. B. Transf., erat incredibili arma- 
tus audacia, Cic. 

Armenia -ae, f.^ ("Apfievia), a country in 
Asia; hence, Armenius -a -uin. A. Adj., 
Armenian. B. Subst., an, Armenian. 

armentalis -e, belonging to a herd; cquae, 
Verg. 

armentum -i, n. cattle living in herds ; Esp. 
oxen and horses; 1, sing, collective, a herd ; Pan 
erat anneuli custos, Ov. ; 2, plur., oxen ; greges 
arnientontm reliquique pecons, Cic. 

armifer -fcra-fenini(arnia and fcro), bearing 

arms, in* r like, ( (v. 

armiger -gSra -gerum (arma and gero), bear- 
ingarms, Subst., a, armiger -geri, sn. an armour- 
bearer, Cic. ; Jovis, the eagle, Verg. ; Catilinac, 
adherent, Cic. ; b, armigera -ae, f. a female ar- 

monr-bem-er, Ov. 

armilla -ae, f. a bracelet, worn by both meti 
and women, Cic,, Liv.. • 



arm 



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art 



armillatus -a am, adorned with a bracelet, 
Suet. ; canes, wearing a collar, Prop. 

arrailustrium -i>, n. (anna ami lustro), a 
festival at which arms were consecrated, celebrated 
at a spot in Rome called Arniilustrinn. 

armipotens -entis, mighty in arms, warlike; 
Mars, Verg. ; diva, Minerva, Verg. 

armisonus -a -urn, resounding with arms, 
Verg. 

armo, 1., 1, to provide with implements, to 
equip ; naves, Caes. ; 2, to arm, prepare for 
battle; a, aliquem iurcmpublicam, Cic. ; milites, 
Caes. ; servum in or contra dominum, Cic. ; 
equum bello, for battle, Verg, : gladiis dextras, 
Liv. ; b, transf. to supply, arm; niultitudhiem 
auctoritatc publica, Cic. ; se eloquentia, Cic. 

armoraeia -ae, f. (-cium -ii, n.), horse-radish 
(cochlearia armoracia, Linn.), Plin. 

armus -i, m. (ip/nds), 1, the shoulder-blade ; 
latos liuic liasta per annos treniit, Verg. ; in 
animals, the shoulder ; ex linmeris armi hunt, 
Ov. ; 2, the side of an animal, Verg. 

Amus -i, in. ("Appos), the chief river of 
Etruria, now tlie Arno. Adj., Arnlciisis, -e. 

aro, 1. (apduj), to plough. A. Lit., 1, ararc 
terrain et sulcum altius imprimere, Cic. ; prov., 
non profecturis litora bubus aras, to labour use- 
lessly, Ov. ; 2, to farm, cultivate; Falerni mille 
fundi jngera, Hor. ; absol., cives Romani qui 
arant in Sicilia, tenants of the domain-lands, 
(cf. aratio), Cic. B. Transf., 1, to furrow, 
wrinkle; rugae quae tibi corpus areut, Ov. ; 2, 
of ships, to plough the sea; vastummaris aequor, 
Verg. 

Arpi -drum, m. a town in Apulia. Adj., 
Arpmus -a -urn, of or belonging to Arpi, 

Arpinum -i, n. a town in Lativm, birthplace 
of Cicero and Marius. Adj., Arpinas -atis, 
ArplllUS -a -Uin, of or belonging to Arpinum. 

arquatus, v. araiatua. 

arra, v. arrha. 

arrectus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. (from 
arrigo), steep, Liv. 

arrepo (ad-repo), -repsi, -reptum, 3. to creep 
to, to glide gently to ; quibus rebus nou sensini 
atque moderate ad amicitiam adrepserat, Cic. 

Arretium -ii, n. a town in Etruria, birth- 
place of Maecenas. 

arrha -ae, f., and arrhabo -onis, m. earnest 
uwney, Plant., Ter. 

arrideo (ad-rideo), -mi -nsum, 2. tolaughto; 

I. to laugh with; ridentibus arrident, Hor. II. 
to laugh at, either in approval or ridicule. A. Lit,, 
with dat. of pers., vix notis familiariter arridere, 
Liv. ; with ace. of the thing, video quid arriseris, 
Cic. B. Transf., a, to be favourable ; quum tem- 
pestas arridet, Lucr. ; b, to please ; "inhibere" 
illud tuum quod milii valde arriserat, Cic. 

arrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (ad and rego). A. to 
erect, lift up; aures, comas, Verg. B. Transf., 
a, to excite ; arrexere animos Itali, Verg. ; b, to 
encourage, animate ; aliquem oratione, Sail. 

arripio -rYptii -reptum, 3. (ad and rapio). I. 
to seize on, lay hold of, snatch. A. Gen. anna, Liv. ; 
cilmm unguium tenacitate, Cic. ; aliquem manu, 
Liv. ; tabulamdenaufragio, Cic ; cohortes arrcp- 
tas in urbeiu induccre, Liv. ; terrain velis, tu sail 
quickly to, Verg. B. Transf., a, to sei:<: upon, ap- 
propriate, take; faeultatem laedendi, quaecuinque 
detur, Cic. ; maledicta ex trivio, Cic. ; b, to 
comprehend quickly; eelcriter res Innuincrabiles, 
Cic. ; litteras Graecas, take to with zeal, Cic. ; 

II. to seize with violence ; a, of diseases, &c, 
dolor, qui sinnil arripuit interflcit, Cic. ; b, 
legal t.t. to drug before a tribunal, accuse, Cic. ; 



C, transf., to satirize; primores popull popu 
lumque, Hor. 

arrfsor -oris, m. one who smiles approvingly, 
ajlatterer, Sen. 

arrodo (ad-rodo) -rosi -rosuni, 3. to gnaw at ; 
mures Antii coronam auream arrosere, Liv. ; fig., 
ut ilia ex vepreculis extracta nitedula rempubli- 
cam conaretur arrodere, Cic. 

arrogans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl.(tromarrogo) l a.s , s«OTin^,arrojant,ftau(77i<i/; 
Indutioinarus iste minax atque arrogans, Cic. 

arroganter, adv. arrogantly, haughtily; 
dicere aliquid, Cic. ; scribere ad aliquem, Cic. ; 
facere, Caes. 

arrogantia -ae, f. arrogance, assumption 
pride, haughtiness; ex arrogantia odium, ex in- 
solentia arrogantia oritur, Cic. 

arrogo (ad-rogo), 1. I. 1, sibi aliquid, in 
appropriate to oneself something to which one has 
no claim; sibi sapientiam, Cic. ; 2, alicui aliquid, 
to claim, confer upoji ; decus imperils, Hor. II. 
1, to ask, Plaut. ; 2, to associu.te one public officer 
with another ; cui unico consul! dictatorem arro- 
gari baud satis decorum visum est patribus, Liv. 

arrosor -oris, m. one who gnaws at, Sen. 

Arruns (Aruns) -iintis, in, -nameofa younger 
son of Jarquinius Superbus. 

ars -tis, f. (stem AR, whence ar- -mus, ar- 
-tus ; Gr. APfJ, aprvio, apery). I. A. a trade, 
profession, art ; disserendi, dialectics, Cic ; artes 
sordidae, mean occupations, those of slaves, Cic. ; 
ingenuae, liberales, honourable occupations, Cic. ; 
urbanae, jurisprudence tend rhetoric,L\v. ; artein 
aliquain factitare, Cic. ; exercere, to practise, 
pursue, Hor. B. Meton., 1, cert, knowledge, 
theory (opp. practice); res mihi videturesse facili- 
tate (in practice) praeclara, arte (in theory) me- 
diocris, cic. ; ex arte (dicere, scribere, Sec.), ac- 
cording to the rules of art. Cic. ; hence as title of 
treatises on a subject, artes oratoriae, Cic. ; 2, 
skill, cleverness; opus est vel arte vel diligentia, 
Cic. ; arte laboratae vestes, Verg. ; arte canere, 
Ov. ; 3, plur., artes, works of art, Cic. ; 4, Artes, 
the Muses, Phaed. II. Transf., 1, conduct, dia- 
meter, method of acting, good or bad ; bonac artes, 
good qualities, Sail. ; hac arte Pollux attigitarces 
igneas, Hor. ; 2, absol., cunning, deceit, Verg. 

Arsaccs -is, m. ('Apcraiojt), the first king of 
the I'arthians ; hence, 1, Arsacides -ae, m. 
a descendant of Arsaces; 2, ArsaciUS -a -um, 
Parthian. 

Artaxata -Brum, n. (-a -ae, f., Tac), capital 
of Armenia on the Araxes. 

Artaxerxes -is,[m. (Apra^p^ni), name of 
three Persian kings. 

arte (arete), adv. with compar. and superl. 
(artus), narrowly, tightly, closely. I. Lit, artius 
complecti aliquem, Cic. ; signa artius collocare, 
Sail. ; fig., artius astringere rationem, Cic. II. 
Transf., a, fast, soundly; dormire, Cic; b, 
shortly; artius appellare aliquem, to cut a name 
short, Ov. ; aliquem arte colere, stingily, Sail. 

arteria -ac, f. (aprnpia), 1, the wind-pipe, 
Cic. ; neut. plur., heterocl. arteria, Lucr. ; 2, 
(oi artery, Cic. 

arthritlcus -a -um (ap0piTiKo?), gouty, Cic 

articularis -e, relating to the joints; morbus, 
1701//, Suet, 

articulatim.adv. A. limb by limit, piecemeal, 
Plant. B. Transf, in a manner properly divided, 
distinctly; articulatiin distincteque dici, Cic 

articulo, 1. to articulate, speak distinctly, 
Lucr. 

articulus -i, m. (dim. of artus). I. Lit. 1, 
a joint; aiticulorum dolores, gouty or rheumatic 






art 



54 



asc 



pain*, Cic. ; plur. meton., tke limbs, esp., the 
fingers, Lucr., Ov. ; 2, of plants, « knob, knot, 
Cic. II, Transf., 1, a division of a discourse; 
artleuli mcuibraque, Cic. ; 2, of time, a moment, 
crisis; in ipsoarticulo temporis.Cic. ; 3, id' other 
abstractions, fart, division, point ; per cosdem 
articulos et gradus, Suet. 

artifex -fi'eis (avs and facio). 1. 1, an artist,' 
artificer, painter, sculptor; artifices scenici. actors, 
Cic. ; artifex enuus, a trained horse, Ov. ; with 
genit. of gerund ; Greed dicendi artiilces ct tloc- 
tores.Cic. ; 2, tlie maker, author, contriver.-; pro- 
bus e,jus(ini!iidi) artifex, Cic. ; 3, a master of any 
art; tractamli aninios artiilces, Liv. ; artifex 
conquirendae et coinparandae voluptatis, Cii". ; 
artifices ad corrumpendum judicium, Cic. .XT. 
Of inanimate objects, 1, active, clever, skilled; 
artifcx stilus, Cic. ; 2, passive, skilfully wrought 
or made; artifices boves, Prop. 

artlficiose, adv! skilfully; id multo artifi- 
ciosius etfic:re, Cic. 

artificiosus -a -urn, A. skilful, ace .<;- 
plished ; rhetorcs aitiflciosissimi, Cic; opus, 
Cic. B. Transf., artificial (opp. to natural) ; ca 
genera divinandi nou naturalia, sed artiliciosa 
dicuntur, Cic. 

artifieium -i, n. I. an occupation, handi- 
craft ; ancillare, Cic. II. Esp., A. theory, system ; 
componerc artifieium dc jure civili, Cic. B. a, 
cleverness, skill, art ; simulacrum Dianae singu- 
lar! opere artiticioque perfectum, Cic. ; b, </ex- 
t rity, and, in a bad sense, cunning, craft; nrti- 
ticio simulationis, Cic. ; c, work of art; haec 
opera atque artificia, Cic. 

arto (arcto), 1. (artus), 1, to press together, 
reduce to small compass, Lucr. ; 2, to abridge, 
curtail ; in praemiis, in lionoribus omnia artata, 
Liv. 

artolaganus -i, in. (apj oxdyavoi'), a cake 
nuule of meal, wine, milk, oil, lard, and 
Cic. 

artopta ■ae, in. (apT6im}<;), 1, a baker, Juv. ; 
2, (i baker's vessel, l'laut. 

1. artus (arct us), -a -inn, adj., with compar. 
and BitperL (root Alt, Gr. AP, whence _'. artus, 
anna, &C), narrow, tight, close. I. Lit., catena, 
Ov. ; vinculum ad astriiigendain lldein artius, 
Cic; vallis, Liv. Bubst., artum -i, n., nar- 
row space; pugnfl in arto, Tac II. Transf., a, 
fast, sound; soinnus, Cic. ; b, oppressed by card; 
animus, Hor. ; c, small, meagre ; numerus, Tar.; 
commcatus, Liv.; d, difficult, distressing; res, 
Ov. Subst., (|iiuin in arto res cssct, Liv. 

2. artus -'is, m. (root Alt, Gr. dpflpoe), usu- 
ally plur., artus -nuiu, the 'joints'; dolor artmmi, 

Cic ; omnibus artubus contremisco, / 
tremble in all my limbs, Cic. ; fig., nervi atque 
artus sapientiae, Cic. ; poet., limbs; salsus per 
artus sudor iit, Vcrg. 

!a -ae, f., (dim. of ara), a little altar, Cic. 

arundifcr -fere -fSrum (arundo and fero), 
reed-bearing; caput, Ov. 

arundineus -a -uni, reedy ; canales, Verg. ; 
carmen, a sh'pherd's song, Ov. 

arundinosus -a -urn, full of reeds, Cat. 

arundo -Inia, f. a reed. A. Lit., crinea um- 
brosa tegebat arundo, Verg. ; casae ex ai line 
tcxtac. Liv. B. Meton., for an object made of 
reeds; 1, a fishing-rod; moderator arundinis, 
a fisherman, Ov. ; 2, limed twigs fin- catching 
birds, Tlaut., 3,a]*:n; tristis, a severe style, 

Mart.; 4, the shaft of an arrow, Ov. ; i t., 

the arrow itself, Verg. ; 5, a shepherd's pipe, 
Verg. ; 6, a flute, Ov. ; 7 a weaver's comb, Ov. ; 
8, a scare-crow, Hor. ; 9, a plaything for chil- 
dren, a hobby-horse, Hor. 



arveho = adveho. 

Arvcrni -Drum, m. a Gallic people in Agni- 
taint, in what is' now Auvergne. Adj., Arver- 
nus -a -uni, Arvernian. 

arvina -ae, f. fat, lard, Verg. 

arvum -i, n. (aro), 1, a ploughed, or sown 
field, Verg. ; 2, a country, region ; arva lacta, 
Verg. ; arva Neptunia, the sea, Verg. 

arvus -a -um, ploughed, Cic. 

arx -cis, f. (from ARC, root of arcco). a for- 
tress, citadel, stronghold. I. Lit., A. In the nar- 
row sense ; ne quando arx hostium esset, Liv. ; 
at Rome the arx was the .s'. W. height of the 
Capitol; ne quis patricius in arce aut in Capi- 
tolio liabitarct, Liv. ; used also of the whole hill ; 
Capitolina, Liv. ; the stronghold or chief 'place of 
a town; amisso oppido fugerat in arcem, Cic. ; 
the stronghold of a kingdom ; ad caput arcemque 
regni Pergamum, Liv. ; prow, arcem "fit cere e 
cloaca, to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic; 
B. In wider sense, the. height of heaven ; sidcrca 
arx, Ov. ; temples of the gods, Hor. ; (of towers), 
bcatao arces, Coryith, Hor. ; the height of amoun- 
tain; Parnassi arx, Ov. II. Transf. A. refuge, 
bulwark, protection ; haec urbs arx omnium gen- 
tium, Cic. B. head-quarters, chief place ; ubi 
Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli 
esse, Liv. 

as, assis, m. (e!s), the whole as unity, divided 
into twelve unciae, called nncia •,'«, sextans J, 
quadrans }, triens j, quincunx {: : , semis i, sep- 
tunx T ',, bes 5, dodraus 1, dextaiis j, deunx }{. 
A. Gen., esp. in terms relating to inheritance, 
haeres ex asse, sole heir, Plin. B. Esp., 1, as a 
coin, the as, which originally consisted of a 
pound of copper, but was ultimately reduced to 
Js lb., and from the time of the second Punic 
war was worth a little over a farthing; hence 
prov., omnia ad assem perdere, to the lastfurthing, 
Ilor. ; non assis facerc, not to estimate at a fin- 
thing, Cat. ; 2, as a weight, a pound, Ov. ; 3, 
an acre, Plin. 

asbestinum -i, n. se. linum {avpiarivov), 
! iicombustible cloth, Plin. 

1. Ascamus -ii, in. son of Aeneasand Creusa, 
Verg. ; or cfLavinia, Liv. 

•2. Ascanius, -ii, in. a river in BUhynia, 
now 1'schatirgha Su. 

ascaulcs -is, m. (ao-nav^s), a bag piper, 
Mart. 

ascendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (ad and scan- 
do), to mount, ascend, go up. I. Lit. witli in and 
the ace, in murura, Cic. ; in equum, Cic ; in 
concionem, to go up to speak to the people, Cic. ; 
with ad, ad Gitanas, Liv. ; with ace. alone, 
murum, Caes. ; ripairi equo, Cic. II. Transf., 
to rise, in tantum honorem, Cic. ; altiorem 
gradinn, Cic. ; gradatim asceudore vocem utile 
et suave est, the voice rising higher and higher, 
Cic. 

asccnsio -On is, f. an ascent, Plant. ; transf., 
oratoruni, lofty flight, Cic 

ascensus -us, m. a going up, climbing up, 
ascent. I. A. Lit., in Capitolium, Cic. B. 
Transf., primus ad honoris gradum, Cic. II. 
Meton., the place for ascending; diilicilis atque 
arduus, Cic. 

ascia -ae, f. a carpenter's axe or ad:e, a p. 
Cic 

ascio, (ad-scio), 4. to take to oneself, adopt as 
one's own; socios, Verg. ; asciri per adoptionein, 
Tac 

ascisco (adscisco), asclvi, ascltum, 8. (ascio) 
to receive, (ohnil. I. Lit., with ad and the ace, 
ad hoc scelcris foedus, Cic ; with in, aliquem 
in numcruin civium, Cic. ; with inter, inter 



ase 



53 



asp 



patricios, Tae. ; with dat., ■ superis ascitus, 
Caesar, Ov. ; with double ace, aliquem patro- 
iium, Cic II. Transf. A. to adopt, lianc eon- 
suetudinom, Cic. B. to approve of; quas e 8 es ) 
Latini voluerunfc, ascivcrunt, Cic. ; 2, to claim 
for oneself, silii sapienfium, Cic. 

1. ascitus -a -inn (partic. of ascisco), foreign, 
derived from without (opp. nativus), Nep. 

2. ascitus -us, m. an acceptance, reception, Cic. 
ascopera -ac, f. (ao-Kon-qpa), a leather knap- 
sack, Snet. 

Ascra -ae, f. ("Acn<pa), a small town in Boeo- 
tia, near Mount Helicon, the home of Hesiod. 
Adj., Ascraeus -a-uin ; a, Ascraean, of Ascra; 
poeta, Prop. ; senex, Verg. ; simply Ascraeus = 
Hesiod, Ov. ; b, carmen, Hesiodic, or nuul, 
Verg. ; c, fontes, Heliconian, Prop. 

ascribo (ad-scribo) -scripsi -scriptum, 3. 
(ail and scribo), to write to, or in addition. A. 
Lit. 1, with dat., poenam focderibus, Cic. ; 
with in and the ace., aliquid in eaiidem legem, 
Cic ; 2, toji.c, appoint; aliquem tutorem liberis, 
Cic. ; 3, to enrol;- aliquem in civitatem, Cic. ; 
esp., a, as a colonist, colonos, Liv.; with ace, 
of the colony, colonos Vcnusiani, Liv. ; p, to 
enrol as a soldier; urbanae militiae ascribi, Tac 
B. Transf. 1, to reckon, tinder a class, include; 
with ad or in and the ace, or with the dat., 
tu vero me ascribe in talein numerum, Cic. ; 
aliquem ordinibus deorum,Hor. ; with two ace, 
opinio socium me ascribit tuis laudibus, Cic. ; 
2, to attribute, impute, alicui iiicommodum, Cic. 

ascripticius -a -um, one who is enrolled as a 
member of a community, Cic. 

ascriptio -ouis, f. an addition in writing, Cic. 

ascriptivus -a -um, enrolled as a supernu- 
merary, Plant. 

ascriptor -oris, m. one who willingly adds 
his name, one who approves of ; legis agraiiae, Cie. 

Asculum -i, n. town of the riceutines. Adj., 

Asculanus -a -um, of or belonging to Asculum. 

asella -ac, f. (dim. of asina),a little she-ass, Ov. 

ascllus -i, m. (dim. of asinus), a little ass, Cic. 

Asia -ac, f. ('Ao-i'o). I. the district in Lydia 
near the river Cayster. II. The continent of Asia.. 
III. The peninsula of Asia Minor; sometimes 
used specially for the kingdom of Pergamus 
(Liv.), or of the Troad (Ov.). IV. In the nar- 
rowest sense (the ordinary meaning of the word), 
the Soman province of Asia, formed out of the 

kingdom of Pergamus; hence, 1, Asiagenes 

-is, m. surname ofL. Corn. Scipio; 2, Asianus 
-a -um, belonging to the province of Asia. Plur. 
subst., Asian! -orum, m. the farmers of the 

taxes of the province of Asia, Cic. ; 3, Asiatl- 
cus -a -urn, Asiatic, surname of L. Corn. Scipio; 

Asiatic! oratores, bombastic, ornate, Cic. ; 4, 
it a 

Asis -idis, f. Asiatic; 5, Asius -a -um, palus, 
the marsh round Ephesus, Verg. 

asilus -i, m. the gad-fly, Verg. 

asina -ae, f. a she ass, Varr. 

asimnus -a -um, belonging to an cuss, Plin. 

Asinius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, of 

which the most celebrated was C. Asinius Pollio, 
friend of J. Caesar and Augustus, statesman, 
orator, poet, historian. 

asinus -i, m. A. an ass, Cic. B. Transf., 
a dolt, blockhead; quid nunc te, asine, litteras 
doccam, Cic. 

Asopus -i, in. ('Ao-ion-dt). I. a, a river in 
Boeotia; b, the river-god Asopus; hence, A. 
Asopiades -ae, m. a descendant of Asopnis 



(Aeacus), Ov. B. Asopis -idis, f. 1, Aegina, 
daughter of Asopus, mother of Aeacus by Jupiter, 
Ov. ; 2, Kuadne, daughter of Aegina, Ov. II. a 
river in 1'hthiotis. 

asotus -i, m. (do-uiTos), a sensualist, libertine, 
Cic. 

asparagus -i, m. (dairapayos), asparagus, 
Suet. 

aspargo, v. aspcrgo. 

Aspasia -ae, f. (Aa-jraaia), the most celebrated 
of the Greek hetaerae, mistress of I'cricles. 

aspectabilis -e, visible, Cic. 

aspecto, 1. I. to look at earnestly, or with 
respect; a, quid me aspectas, Cic. ; b, of place, 
to lie towards, to face ; mare quod Hibcrniam in- 
sulam aspectat, Tac. II. to observe, attend to; 
jussa principis, Tac. 

aspectus -us, m. A. Act. 1, o seeing, look- 
ing, sight; uno aspectu, Cic. ; oculi mobiles ut 
aspectum quo vellent facile converterent, Cic. ; 
2, view, limit of vision; orbes Qui aspectum 
nostrum deliniunt, Cic; 3, power, of. vision,; 
omnia quae sub aspectum cadunt, Cic. B. Pass. 
1, sight, power of being seen; patriam privare 
aspectu tuo, Cic. ; situs Syracusarum lactus ad 
aspectum, Cic. ; 2, look, aspect, appearance ; 
pomorum jucundus aspectus, Cic. 

aspcllo -piili -pulsum (abs and pello), 3. to 
drive away, Plant. 

Aspendus -i, f. ("Ao-Trci-SoO, a town in Pam- 
phylia. Adj., Aspcndius -a -um, of or belong- 
ing to Aspendus. 

asper -8ra -eruin (-pra-prum, Verg.), rough; 
1, physically, a, to the sense of touck ; loca, 
uneven, Caes. ; mare, stormy, Liv. ; aspera 
caelo, inclement in climate, Liv. Subst, as- 
perum -i, ji. roughness, a rough place, Tac. ; 
b, to the senses of taste and smell, pungent, 
sour; viiiuin, Tcr. ; c ? to the sense of hearing, 
harsh, (/rating, Cie. ; litem aspera, the letter Jt, 
Ov. ; 2, morally, rough, wild, harsh; homo asper 
et durus, Cic ; of animals, fierce, auguis asper 
siti, Verg. ; of events, adverse, troublous, danger- 
ous; res, fempoia, Cic. ; sententia, severe, Liv. ; 
of speech, harsh, bitter ; facetiae, Cie. 

aspcrc, adv. (asper), roughly; loqui, Cic; 
siribere, Oic 

1. aspergo (aspargo) -spersi -spersum, 3. (ad 
and spargo). I. to sprinkle ; a, guttam bulbo, 
Cic. ; virus pecori, Verg. ; b, to cast upon, mingle 
with, add; sapores hue, Verg. ; transf., alicui 
molestiam, Cic. II. to bespatter; a, aram san- 
guine, Cic. ; transf., to sully, stain, asperse; splen- 
dorein vitac maculis, Cic. ; b, to strew- over; olivam 
sale, Plin. ; transf., aliquid mendaciunculis, Oic. 

2. aspergo (aspargo) -lids, f. a sprinkling, 
besprinkling, spray ; aquarum, Ov. ; salsa ad- 
spargo, Verg. 

asperitas -atis, f. roughness. I. Lit. 1, to 
the touch, uheiienness; saxorum, Cic. ; 2, to the 
taste, sourness; vini, Plin. ; 3, to the ear, harsh- 
ness ; soni, Tac. II. Transf., 1, of character, 
harshn ess, fierceness, severity, austerity ;Stoicorum, 
Cic. ; 2, of inanimate things, severity; frigorum, 
severe cold, Sail. ; of circumstances, calamity, 
difficulty ; reruni, Cic; of speech, harshness; 
judicialis verborum, Cic. 

aspernatio -dnis, f. contempt, Cic. 

aspcrnor, 1. den, to despise, contemn, reject, 
spurn; aspcriiatur dolorem ut malum, Cic J 
amicitiam alieujus, Cic. ; with a and the abl., 
proscriptionem nisi hoc judicio a vobis rejicitis 
atque aspenianiini, Cic 

aspcro, 1. to make rough. I. Lit., a, gla- 
cialis hiems aquilonibus asperat undas, nuike 
stormy, Verg. ; b, to sharpen, whet; sagittas 



asp 



60 



ass 



ossibus, Tac IL Trtinsf., to excite, arouse; 
aliquem in saevitiam, Tac. 

asperslo -onis, f. o sprinkling ; aquae, Cic. 

aspersus -fw, m. a sprinkling, Plin. 

asplcio -spcxl -spectum, S. (ad and specio). 
I. to look at, behold, see. A. Lit, 1. a, of 
persons, luceni aspicerc vix possum, endure the 
Ivjht of day, live, Cic. ; b, of places, to look to- 
wards, to face ; ra pars Britanniae quae Hiher- 
niain aspicit, Tac. ; 2, a, to survey, inspect ; 
tabulas, Cic. ; b, to look straight in the face, to 
withstand, confront; aliquem in acie, Ncp. ; 
liostem aspicerc non possunt, Cic. B. Transf., 
1 to weigh, consider; neque tanta est in rebus 
obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, 
si modo aspexerit, Cic. ; 2, to investigate; res 
Bociorum, Liv. II. Inchoative, to perceive; 
simulac Lentnlum aspexit, Cic. 

aspiratio -Gnis, f. 1, a breathing; aeris, 
Cic. ; 2, exhalation ; terraruni, Cic. ; 3, the 
pronunciation of the letter 11, aspiration, Cic. 

aspiro, 1. to breathe, blow tipon. I. Intransit., 
to breathe or blow upon. A. Lit., pulmones se 
contrahunt aspirantes, exhaling, Cic. ; aspirant 
aurae in noctem, towards evening, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, to be favourable In, assist; aspiravit ne- 
mo eorum, Cic. ; with dat., vos, Calliope, aspirate 
canenti, Verg. ; 2, to approach, Februario mense 
aspiravit in Curiam, Cic. ; 3, to climb up to, to 
endeavour to obtain, to reach to (in Cic. only with 
negatives), ex bellica laude ad Africanum aspirate 
nemo potest, Cic. II. Transit,, to breathe upon, 
bloiv on. A. Lit., Juno ventos aspirat eunti, give 
them a favourable wind, Verg. B. Transf., to 
infuse, divinum amorem dictis, Verg. 

aspis -Wis, f. (aern-i's), an adder, asp, Cic. 

asportatio -onis, f. a taking away, carry iug 
off ; Bignorum, Cic. 

asporto, 1. (aba and porto), to carry off, 
take away; mnlta de snis rebus secum, Cic; 
abreptam ex eo loco virginem secum, Cic. 

asprctum -i, n. (asper), a rough, uneven 
spot, Liv. 

Assaracus -i, m. ('Ao-o-dpaKo?), a mythical 
king of Phrygia, son o/Tros, brother of Gany- 
mede, grandfather of Anchises; Assaraci nurus, 
Venus, Ov. ; domus Assaraci, the Romans, Verg. ; 
Assaraci tcllns, Troii, Hor. 

assecla (assecula) -ae, ra. (assequor), a 
follower, servant, sycophant; assentatores eorum 
atque asseculae, Cic. 

asscctatio -Onis, f. respectful attendance, 
e.g., of a client on a patron, Cic. 

asscctator -oris, m., 1, a companion, fol- 
lower; cum ducilms ipsis, non cum comitatn 
assectatoribusque confligant.Cic. ; 2, a disciple; 
philosophiae, Plin. 

asscctor, 1, dep., to follow, attend assidu- 
ously (esp. of friends of candidates) ; quum 
aedilitatem P. Crassus peteret eumque Ser. 
Galba assectaretnr, Cic. 

assensio-onis, 1, assent, agreement,opplause ; 
popularis, Cic. ; rem assensione eomprobare, 
Cic. ; plnr., crebrae assensiones, Cic. ; 2, aa 
philosoph. t.t., belief in the reality of sensible 
appearances (Gr. <rvyKaTd0eo-i$), Cic. 

assensor -oris, m. one who assents or agrees ; 
quotidie commeinorabara te unum in tantocxer- 
citu mihi fuisse assensorern, Cic. 

assensus -us, in. I. assent, agreement; as- 
sensu omnium dicerc, Cic. II. I&p. A. Philo- 
soph. t.t. belief in the reality of sensible appear- 
ances; assensum retinere, Cic. B. Poet., echo; 
nemorum, Verg. 

, arrsontatio -onis, f. a flattering assent or ap- 



plause, Jlattery ; faceta paraNitorum, Cic. ;nullam 
in amicitiis-pestem esse majorem quain adula- 
tionem, blamlitiam, assentationeni, Cic. ; plur., 
blanditiae et asseutationes, Cic. 

asscntatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of assen- 
tatio), trivial jlattery, Cic. 

assentator -oris, m. (assentor), a flatterer; 
cavendura est ne asseutatoribus patefaciamus 
aures, Cic. 

asscntd toric, adv. (assentator), flatteringly 
Cic. 

assentatrix -trlcis, f. (assentator), afemak 
flatterer, Plant, 

assentio -sensi -sensnm, 4. and (gen. in clas- 
sical authors) assentior -sensus sum, -sentiri 
(ad and sentio), to assent to, agree with; a, de- 
ponent form, gov. dat. of pers., de Vennonianis 
rebus tibi assentior, Cic. ; with dat. of the 
thing, ut ego assentior orationi, Cic. ; with ace. 
of obj., ego illnd assentior Theophrasto, Cic. ; 
b, active form, cavendum est ne his rebus 
temereassentiamus,Cic; c, pass., neque percepta 
neque assensa, Cic. ; assentiendum temporibus, 
we must accommodate ourselves to the times, Cic. 

assentor, 1. dep. (intens. of assentior), to 
assent constantly, to flatter; benevolentiam civium 
blanditiis et assentando colligere, Cic. ; with obj. 
in ace, ut nihil nobis assentati esse videamur, 
Cic. ; Baiae tibi assentantur, wooes thee, Cic. 

assequor -cutus sum, 3. dep., to follow. 
I. Lit,, Poreius deinde assecutus cum levianna- 

tnra, Liv. II. Transf., to reach by following, come 
up to, attain ; a, aliquem, Cic. ; merita alicnjus 
non assequi, Cic. ; b, esp., to gain or attain to 
something for which onestrives; eosdeni honorum 
gradus, Cic. ; immortalitatein, Cic. ; foil, by nt 
or ne with the snlij., Cic. ; or by the infill., 
Cic. ; c, of tin 1 mind, to grasp, comprehend ; illi- 
quid cogitations, Cic. 

asser -en's, m. (root ASS, whence also assis 
or axis) a stake, a pole. A. Gen., Caes. B. Esp., 
a pole for carrying a litter, Suet. 

asserculum -i, n., or -us -i, m, a small 
stake or pole, Cato. 

1. assero -sevi •situm :>. (ad and scro), to 
plant at or wear ; populus assita limitibns, Hor. 

2. assero -semi -sertum, 3. (ad and sero), to 

join to. I. Legal t, t., A. tolau Void of a slave, 
and thereby declare him free ; n in liber- 

tat em, Liv. ; aliquem maim liberal! ..ansa, Plant. ; 
aliquem in liberal! causa, Cic, ; asserui jam me, 
I hare freed myself Ov. B. to claim as a slave; 
aliquem in servitutcm, Liv. II. Transf., A. to 
set free from, protect ; se a mortalitate, Plin. B. 
to claim; alicui regnum, Liv.; aliquem caelo, 
declare tlie celestial origin of a person, Ov. 

assertio -onis, f. a formal declaration as to 
freedom, Suet. 

assertor -oris, m. ('2. assero), one who asserts 
that another person is free or a slave. I, Lit,, 

A. one who defends the liberty of another ; asser- 
tor libertatis, Plin. B. one who asserts that ano- 
ther is a slave ; assertor puellae, Liv. II. Transf., 
o liberator, saviour, Ov. 

asservlo, 4. to assist, help; toto corpore 
contention! vocis, Cic. 

asservo, 1., a, to preserve; tabulas negli- 
gentius, Cic. ; aliquem domi suae, Cic. ; b, to 
watch, observe; oram, Cacs. ; fig., to attend to; 
jus negUgcntius, Cic. 

assessio -onis, f. (assidco), a sitting by the 
side of one (to console) ; quae tua fnerit assessio, 
oratio, conflrmatio animi mei fraeti, Cic. 

assessor -oris, m. (assideo), one who sits by 
the side to assist; Lacedaemonii regibus suis augu- 



ass 



57 



ass 



rem assessorem dcderunt; eap., an assistant, a 
judicial assessor, Suet. 

assessus, abl. -u, m. (assideo), « sitting by 
the side of, Prop. 

asscveranter, adv., with compar. (as- 
severaus), earnestly, emphatically; loqui, Cic. 

asseveratio -onis, f. (assevero), 1, earnest- 
ness in action ; multa asseveratione coguntur 
pati'es, Tac. ; 2, vehement assertion, asseveration ; 
omni asseveratione tibi affinno (foil, by ace. 
with infin.), Cic. 

assevero, 1. (ad and severus), 1, to act with 
earnestness ; bella ironia, si jocareinur ; sin asse- 
veramus, vide ne, &c, Cic. ; 2, to assert confi- 
dently, strongly; with ace. and mfhi., idque se 
facturum asseveravit, Cic. ; with de and the 
abl., nemo de ulla re potest contendere neque 
asseverare, Cic. 

assideo -sedi, -sessum, 2. (ad and sedeo), 
to sit near, or by the side of. I. Gen., A. Lit., 
Sthenius est, is qui nobis assidet, Cic. B. 
Transf., to be next door to ; parcus assidet insauo, 
Hor. II. Esp., A. to sit at a person's side, to 
give comfort, advice, protection, &c. ; in carcere 
mater nodes dicsque assidebat, Cic. ; assidere 
aegro collegae, to sit at the bedside of, Li v. ; quum, 
Cn. Pompeius Lcntulo frequens assideret, Cic; 
judiciis assidebat, frequented, Tac. ; tola vita 
litteris, to devote oneself to, Plin. B. Milit. t.t. 
to besiege, blockade; with dat., intuctis minis, 
Liv. ; assidens Casilino, Liv. 

assido (ad -sido) -sedi -sessum, 3. to sit down; 
in bibliotheca, Cic. ; super aspidem, Cic. ; prop- 
ter Tuberonem, Cic. ; of an orator, to break doiun 
in a speech; subito assedit, Cic. 

assidue, adv. (assiduus), continuously, with- 
out remission ; voces quas audio assidue, Cic; 
quibus (litteris) assidue utor, Cic. 

assiduitas -atis, f. (assiduus). I. continual 
presence, attention of friends, clients, candidates ; 
quotidiana amicorum assiduitas et frequentia, 
Cic. ; medici, Cic. II. Transf., A. constancy; 
id assiduitateet virtute consequere, Cic. B. con- 
stant repetition; epistolarum, unintermittent cor- 
respondence, Cic. ; molestiarum, Cic. ; bellorum, 
Cic. 
■ assiduo = assidue, q.v. 

assiduus -a, -um (assideo). I. sitting in a 
place constantly, established. Political t.t., assi- 
duus -i, m. a settled and hence a well-to-do, tax- 
paying citizen, gen. in plur. assidui, Hie citizens 
of the upper classes ; opp. to proletarii (who paid 
no taxes), Cic. II. continuously in one place, or 
engaged in one occupation; a, ruri assiduum 
semper vivere, Cic. ; audivi Romae esse homi- 
nem et fuisse assiduum, Cic; esp. of the friends 
who attended candidates and magistrates, me- 
cum fuit assiduus praetore me, Cic ; b, con- 
stant, stetuiy ; qui filios suos agricolas assiduos 
esse cupiunt, Cic. ; c, of things, constant, un- 
ceasing; imbres, Cic. ; homines labore assiduo 
et quotidiano assueti, Cic. 

assignatio -onis, f. assignment, allotment; 
agrorum, Cic. 

assigno, 1. to assign to any one, allot. I. 
A. Lit., inferiorem aedium partem alicui, Cic. ; 
esp., of allotting lands to colonists, loca, Cic. ; 
agros colonis, Cic. ; agruni militibus, Cic B. 
Transf., muuus humanum adeoassignatum, Cic. 
C. to ascribe; hoc preceptum deo, Cie. ; aliquid 
homini, non tempori, Cic. II. to seal, Pers. 

assilio -sllui, 4. (ad and salio), to leap to, or 
on. I. Gon., a, of persons moeni.bus, Ov. ; b, 
of water, to dash up ; assiliens aqua, Ov. II. 
Transf., to jump to; neque assiliendum statim 
est ad genus illud oratipnjs, Gig. 



assimilis -c, like, similar ; with dat., assim- 
ilis spongiis mollitudo, Cic. ; with gun., Ov. 

asshniliter, adv. (assimilis), in like manner, 
Plant. 

assimulatus -a -um (partic of assimulo), 

1, similar, Lucr. ; 2, feigned, pretended, simu- 
lated ; virtus, Cic. 

assimulo, 1. to make like. I. A. deos in 
humani oris speciein, Tac. ; litterae lituraeque 
omnes assimulatae, Cic B. to compare, Cic. ; 
formam totius Britanniae auctores oblongae 
scutulae vel bipenni assimulavere, Tac. II. to 
imitate, counterfeit, pretend; anum, Ov. ; with 
ace. and infin., Plaut. ; with quasi and the 
subj., Plaut. 

assisto, astiti, no sup., 3. to place oneself, 
take up a position. I. Lit., a, ad fores, Cic; 
b, to stand by; foribus principum, Cic; ad 
epulas regis, Cic. II. Transf. to help, Tac. 

assdleo, 2. to be accustomed ; used only in 
the third person sing, and plur., deinde quae 
assolent (scribi), Cic. ; utassolet, as is usual, Cic. 

assono, 1. to answer with a sound ; plangen- 
tibus assonat echo, Ov. 

assucfacio -feci -faetura, 3. (*assueo and 
facio), to accustom to; ad supplicia patrum ple- 
bem, Liv. ; with abl., quorum seruione qui as- 
suel'acti want, Cic; with dat., pedites operi 
aliisque juslis militarilms, Liv. ; with inlin., 
equos eodem remancr.. vestigio, Caes. 

assuesco -suevi -suetum, 3. (*assueo). I, 
Transit., to accustom; qui pluribus assuerit 
meiitcm, Hor. II. Intiansit., to accustom one- 
self; assuevi, I am wont, Cic. ; assuetus, accus- 
tomed; with in and the ace, in omnia familiaria 
jura assuetus, Liv. ; with abl., homines labore 
assiduo et quotidiano assueti, Cic ; with dat., 
quaestui. Liv. ; with ace, ne tanta animis as- 
suescite bella, Verg. ; with infin., assueti vinci, 
Liv. (syncop. perf. forms assuesti, assuerim, 
assueram, assuesse). 

assuetudo -Inis, f. 1, custom, use, Liv. ; 2, 
carnal intercourse, Tac. 

assuetus -a -um, adj. (from assuesco), 1, used 
to, accustomed to ; assueta oculis regie, Liv. ; 

2, usual; assueti collis cultores, Liv. 
assugo -suetum, 3. to suck, Lucr. 
assula -ae, f. a shaving, chip, Plaut. 
assulatim, adv. (assula), in shivers or 

splinters, Plaut. 
assiilose, adv. (assula), splinter-wise, Plin. 

assulto, 1. (Intens. of assilio), to leap vio- 
lently upon. I. Gen., feminae assultabant ut 
sacriflcantes aut insanientes Bacchae, Tac. II. 
Esp., to attack, assault; tergis pugnantium, Tac; 
latera et frontem (agminis), Tac. 

assultus -Q, m. (assilio), a leaping upon, 
assault, Verg. 

assum (adsum), affiii (ad-fui), adesse, to 
be present, to be at. I. Gen., A. Of persons, 1, of 
bodily presence, heri quum non adessetis, Cic. ; 
omnes qui aderant, Caes. ; mane ad portam 
adesse, Cic. ; in foro, Liv. ; ante oculos, Verg. ; 
portis (dat.), Verg. ; hue ades, come here, Verg. ; 
2, of the mind, in the phrase adesse animo or 
animis, to attend; adestote omnes animis, Cic; 
also, to be of good courage; ades animo et omitte 
timorem, Cic. B. Of things, to be near, at hand ; 
frumcntuin conferri, comportari, adesse, Caes. ; 
tanti aderant morbi, Cie. ; adesse Romanis ulti- 
lnuin diem, Liv. II, to be present with a fixed 
object, to be in. one's place. A. 1, of men, primuni 
me ipsum vigilare, adesse, Cic. ; adversus hostcs, 
Sail. ; jam omnes furoces aderant, Sail. ; nuui 
ades ad pnrendum vol ftd iinperandum potins, 
Cic ; 2, of deities, adsis placidusque juves, Verg. ! 



ass 



58 



ast 



rebus Romanis, (o be favourable to, IJ\*. ; si for- 
tiinft ooeptla nffnerit , Tac. B. Esp., 1, /<> be 
present to witness, ox to store in; ad suQrugii in, 
Cic. ; with <lat., comiliis, Cic; pugnao, Liv.; 
adoaso Bcribcudo scnatus consulto or dcci'oto, 
tn witness, Cic. ; 2, to be present to help or ad- 
rise; seiiipci absenti Deiotaro, Cic; alicujus 
rebus, Cic. ; alicui adesse in consilio, to be an 
assessor to, Cic; to support or defend in the law- 
courts; adesse Quinctio, Cic; contra Satrium, 
Cic. ; 3, to be present in a court of justice; a, as 
the accused, adesse .jubcri, Cic. ; or b, as the ac- 
cuser, adesse in judicio, Cic. 

assumo -sumpsi -sumptum, 3. to take to one- 
self. A. Lit. novas humeris alas, Ov. ;plurasibi 
aasainunt qnam de se corpora luittunt, Lucr. 
B. Transf., 1, to take for ones assistance; a, of 
persons, lcgiones in Italia, Cic. ; aliquem in 
societatem arnioruin, Liv. ; aliquem in nomen 
familiamque, Tac. ; b, of things, aliquantum 
hoctis, Cic. ; assuinpta verba, words borrowed 
from another source, Cic. ; auxilia extrinsecus, 
Cic; 2, to appropriate tto oneself, to tale; a, 
regni insignia, Tac. ; Cercris sacra de Qraecia, 
Cic. ; b, to claim, in eo sibi praecipuam laudem 
assmnere, Liv.; 3, to take in addition, to; a, si 
quis in aliqua arte excellens aliam qnoquc artcm 
"si l>i assumpserit, Cic. ; b, logical t.t. to state the 
minor premises of a syllogism, Cic. 

assumptio -onis, f. (assumo), 1, choice, adop- 
tion, Cic. ; 2, the minor premises of a syllogism, Cic. 

assumptlVUS -a -inn (assumo), which o 
a defence from an extraneous cause ; causa, Cic. 

assuo, 3. to sew on; unus et alter assuitur 
pannus, Hor. 

assurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up, 
stand up. I. Of persons, A. Gen., assurgentem 
regem umbone resnpinat, Liv. ; quag dum reci- 
tatur, vos quaeao. qui earn detuusEis, assurgite, 
Cic. ; assurgero alicui, to rise up in the presence 
of, as a sign of respect, Cic; pass., haec ijisa sunt 
honorabilia, salutari, appeti, deccdi, assurgi, 
Cic. ; lirmissima vina, Tmolius assurgit quibus 
et rex ipse Fhanacus, yields the preference, Verg. 
B. Esp., a, to rise from a sick-bed; no assur- 
rcxisse quiilem ex morbo, Liv. ; b, to rise to give 
more force to a blow; quantus in clipenm assur- 
gat, Verg. ; c, to rise, into the air; assurgere in 
auras, Verg. ; d, querelis baud justis assurgis, 
break out into, Verg. II. Of things, to rise. A. 
colics assurgunt, Liv. B. to appear, show itself; 
non cocptac assurgent tunes, Verg. 

assus -a -mil (from areo, as cassus from careo), 
dried. I. Lit., a, roasted, Plant. ; assum vitu- 
linum, roost veal, Cic. ; b, of bathing, sol, bask- 
ing in the sun without being anointed, Cic. ; 
balnearia assa, a sweating bath, Cic. II. Trans)'., 
nutrix, a dry-nurse, Juv. 

Assyria -ae, f. (Acrcrvpia), a country in Asia, 
between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon- 
Adj., Assyrius -a -urn, Assyrian.; poet., fui' 
Median, Phrygian, Phoenician, Indian, &c. ; 
Assyril -orum, m. the Assyrians. 

ast = at, q.v. 

Asta -ae, f. ("Ao-to), a town in Hispania Bae- 
tica, now Mesa de Asta ; hence adj., Astensis 
-e, of or belonging to Asta. 

Astacus -i, m. father of Melanippus ; hence, 
Astacidos -ae, in. the son of Astacus. 

Astapa -ae, f. town in Hispania Baetica, 
now Estepa, 

Asteria -ae, f., and -id -e"s, f. CAcrrepir)). I. 
daughter of Cneus and Phoebe, changed into an 
island, first called, Asterin, afterwards Ortygia, 
and later still Delos. II. (Astcric), a woman's 
name, Hor- 



astcrno, 3. to scatter upon ; pass, to be 
stretclied out ; nstcrnuiitur scpulch.ro, Ov. 

astipulatio -onis, f., 1, the assenting to, con- 
firmation of, Plin. 

astipulator -oris m. A. Legal t.t., at Koine, 
one wlu> joined another (the stipulator) in the. 
Human contract catted stipulatio. B. Transf., a 
supporter; Stoici et eorum astipulator Anti- 
ochus, Cic. 

astlpulor, 1., dep. to assent to, Liv. 

astitUO -tui -tfitum, m. (ad and statuo), 3. to 
put, or plate somewhere, Plant. 

asto -stiti, nosup., 1. 1. to standby. A. Gen. 
alicui, Plant ; astauteetinspectante ipso, Caes. ; 
astat in couspectu meo, Cic. B. to stand by the 
side to help, to assist, Plant. II. to stand upright, 
Verg. 

Astraca -ae, f. ('Ao-Tpai'a), Astraea, goddess 
of justice, who left the earth in the iron age, and 
was placed among the stars under the name Virgo. 

astrepo (ad-strepo), -streprii -strepitum, 3., 

1, to make a noise at; astrepebat vulgus, Tac. ; 

2, to applaud, ; haec dicenti, Tac. 
astrictc, adv. (astrictus), of discourse, con- 
cisely, briefly, Cic. 

astrictus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. (from 
astringo), tight, compressed, drawn together. A. 
Lit., limen, shut,Ov. ; non astrictus soccus, negli- 
gent, slatternly writing, Hor. ; irons, wrinkled, 
Mart.; aquae, frozen, Ov. B. Transf., 1, close- 
fisted, avaricious ; pater, 'Prop. ; mos, Tac. ; 2, 
of oratory, a, bound by the limits of rhythm; 
numero et astricto et soluto, Cic. ; b, concise', 
contracta et astricta eloquentia, Cic. 

astrifer -fera -ferum (astrum and fero), 
starry, placed among the stars, Mart. 

astringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. I. Lit. to 
tighten, draw together, compress, contract, bind 
together; a, quae (vinculum) astringit, Cic; 
aliquem ad statuain, Cic. ; b, of cold, to contract, 
Ov. II. Trail si'., a, to draw light; pater nimis 
indulgens quidquid ego astrinxi rclaxat, Cic. ; b, 
of writing or speech, to compress ; brevitor argu- 
ments, Cic. ; c, to bind, fetter, oblige; vel arinis 
xc[ legibus to torn Galliain sempi tends vinculis, 
Cic. ; se videre astl'ingere or astringi, to commit 
oneself to, become guilty of, Cic. 

astrologia-ae, f.(do-TpoKoyio.),astronomy,Cic. 

astrologus -i, in. (acn-poAdYos), 1, an astro- 
nomer, Cic. ; 2, an. astrologer, Cic. 

astrum -i, n. (aa-Tpov), a. star, a constellation. 
A. Lit., cognitio astrorum, Cic. ; astrum nalale, 
Hor. ; poet., of a great height, turns educta ad 
astra, Verg. B. Transf., tollcre in astra, to exalt 
sky-high, Cic. ; ex astris decidere, from the highest 
glory, Cic. ; sic iturad astra, thus is immortality 
gained, Verg. 

astruo (ad and struo), -struxi -structum, 3. 
I. Gen. to build to or near, to build in addition S 
gradus, Liv. II. Transf., to add to; formae 
aninuim, Ov. 

astu (asty), only ace. and abl. asttt, n. (ao-ru), 
the city (only used of Athens), Cic. 

astiipco, 2, to be astonishcl at, Ov. 

Astura -ae, f. fAorupa), a river inLatinm, 
still called Astura. 

asturco -Onis, m. anAsturian horse, Plin. 

Astiires -um, m. ("Ao-Tvpe?), the Asturians, 
a people in Spain ; sing. Astur -uris, m. ; hence, 

a, Asturia -ao, f. the country of the Astur es ; 

b, Asturicus -a -um, Aslnrian. 

astus -us, m. cleverness, adroitness, cunning, 
Verg., Liv. 

astute, adv., with compar. and superl. (as- 
tutus), cunningly, astutely^ Cic, 



ast 



59 



astutia -ae, f. adroitness, astuteness, craft, Cic. 

astutus -a -tun (astus), adroit, clever, astute, 
cunning, crafty, Cic. 

Astyages -is, m. ('Ao-Tvay>)s)- I. King of 
Media, grandfather of the elder Cyrus. II. a 
comiwnion of Phinexts. '. 

Astyanax -actis, m. ('Ao-ruaraf). I. son of 
Hector and Andromache. II. a tragic actor of 
Cicero's time. 

Astypalaea -ae, f. ^'Acrrv7raA<:ia), island 
near Crete. Adj., 1, Astypalaeensis -c; 2, 
Astypaleius -a -um, belonging to Astypalaea.- 

asylum -i, n. (a<rv\ov), a sanctuary, place 
of refuge, asylum, Cic; teinpla quae asyla Graeci 
appellant, Liv. 

asymbolus -a -um (o.ctvm/3oAos), one who con- 
tributes nothing to the tost of an entertainment, Ter. 

at (ast). conj., but, moreover. I. To introduce 
an idea different from, but not entirely opposed 
to, one that has gone before. A. una(navis)cum 
Nasidianis profugit, at ex reliquia unapraemissa 
Massiliam, Cic. B. 1, in prayers, exhortations, 
etc., at videte hominis intolerabilem audaciam, 
Cic. ; 2, in expressions of astonishment or im- 
patience, at per deos iinmortales quid est quod 
diei possit, Cic. II. To express an idea entirely 
opposed to the preceding one. A. non coguos- 
ccbantur foris, at domi, Cic. ; strengthened, at 
contra, Cic. ; at ctiam, Cic. ; at vero, Cic. B. 
1, to introduce an imaginary objection in an 
argument, factumne sit? at constat, Cic; 2, 
but at least, yet at least; nou est, inquit, in parieti- 
bus respublica, at in aris et focis, Cic. 

atabulus -i, m. a hot wind in Apulia, the 
sirocco, Hot. * 

Atalanta -ae and -e -es, f. ('Ato-Acuit)), a 
maiden of Boeotia or Arcadia, famous for her 
speed in running; she refused to marry any one 
except tlie person who could beat her in a race; 
finally conquered by Milanion by the aid of Aphrod- 
ite. Adj. , Atalantaeus -a, in. of or belonging 
to Atalanta. 

atat, attat, attatae, attattatae, etc. 
(arrarai), an interjection expressive of pain, 
astonishment, fear, warning, etc, oh! ah! alas! 
Plaut., Ter. 

atavus -i, m. I. the father of the abarus or 
great-great-grandfather, Cic. II. atavi, plur. = 
ancestors, Maecenas atavis edite regibus, Hot. 

Atella -ae, f. a very ancient city of Campania. 
Adj:, a, Atellanus -a, -um; fabella, or gen. 
simply Atellana -ae, f. a species of popular 
farce, long popular in Rome, Liv.,Juv.; hence, a, 
Atellanus -i, m. a player in these dramas ; b, 
Atellanius -a -um ; Atellanicus -a -um. 

ater, atra, atrum, black, dark ((lead black, while 
niger is shining black). I. Lit., nemus, Vcrg. ; 
mare, stormy, Hor. ; alba discernere et atra non 
posse, Cic. ; poet. = atratus, clothed til black; 
lictores, Hor. II. Transf. A. black, as 'a sign 
of mourning, calamity, etc ; dark, gloomy, sad, un- 
fortunate, mors, cura, Hor. ; atri dies, in the 
Roman calendar, those on which tlie republic had 
suffered a great misfortune, Liv. . B. malicious, 
poisonous; atro dente petere aliquein, Hor. 

Athamanes -um, in. (AOanaves), the Atlia- 
manes, inhabitant* of Athamania ; hence Atha- 
marria -ae, f. a country in the south of Epints. 

Athamas -antis, m. ('Afla^as), son of Aeolus 
and king ofThessaly, father of I'hrixus and Helle, 

Mclicerta and Learchus ; hence, a, Athaman- 
thcus -a -um, aurum, the golden fleece, Mart. ; 
b, Athamantlades -ae, m. Palacraon, Ov. ; 
«, Atli&ma^is -jdjs, f. lfeUe, Oy, 



atq 

Athenae -arum, f. ('A9m<at), Athens; meton., 
learning, 3xw. ; hence, a, Athcnaeus a -tun; 
b, Attieniensis -e, Athenian. Subst., Athcn- 
ienscs -ium, in. the Athenians. 

Athcnio -onis, in. a Sicilian shepherd, leader 
of tlie slaves in the 2nd Slave War (102 B.C.). 

athcos and atheus -i, in. (£0eos), an atheist, 
Cic. . 

Athesis, ace. -sini, abl. -si, in. ( Afletris), a 
river in Rkaetia, now Adiga, Etsch. 

athleta -ae, m. (<10At)7tjs), one who contends 
in the public games, wrestler, athlete, Cic. 

athleticus -a -um (ieArjTiicos), relating to an 
athlete. 

Athos, dat. -o, aco. -o, and -on, abl. -o 
("A0ws), and Atho or Athon -6nis, m.'a rocky 
mountain at the end of the peninsula of Chal- 
cidice. 

Atilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens;l, M. 
Atilius Regulus (see Regulus): 2, M. Atilius, an, 
early Roman poet. Adj., Atllianus -a -um. 

Atina -ae, f. a town in Latium, still called 
Atina; hence Atlnas -Stis, belonging to Atina. 

Atlas -antis, m. ("AtAcs), 1, ahigh mountain 
in Africa, on which the sky was supposed to rest; 
2, a mythical king and giant, son of Iapetvs ami 
Clymcne, king of Mauretunia, clianged into a 
vwuntainby Perseus ; hence, a, Atlantis -Idis, f. 
a female descendant of Atlas, Electro, Ov. ; Calypso, 
Tib. ; plur., Atlantides, the Pleiades and Hyades ; 

b, Atlanticus -a -um, mare, the Atlantic ocean; 

c, Atlanteus -a -um, linis, Libyan, Hor. ; d, 
AtlantiadCS -ae, m. a descendant of Atlas, 
Mercury (son of Maia, daughter of Atlas) ; or 
Hermaphroditus(son of Mercury and great-grand- 
son of At lax). 

atoniUS -1, f. (aro/j.0^), that which is incapable 
of division, an atom, Cic. 

atque, or ac (ac only before consonants), 
and, and also. A. Joining single words ; 1, Gen., 
spargere ac disseminate, Cic. ; a, and also ; no- 
biles atque ignobiles, Sail. ; b, and moreover, 
and even; alii intra inoenia atque in sinu urbis 
sunthostcs, Ball.; with the pron.,hic,is,idem,etc, 
negotium magnum est navigave atque id mense 
Quintili, and especially, Cic. ; so atque etiam, 
Cic. ; 2, with comparisons ; a, with words ex- 
pressing comparison, as aeque, aequus, idem, 
item, juxta, par, proximo, similis, similiter, talis, 
totidem ; or expressing dissimilarity, as aliter, 
aliorsum, alius, contra, contxarius, dissimilis, 
secus ; b, with comparatives, for quam, artius 
atque hedera procera astringitur ilex, Hor. ; c, 
simul atque, as soon as, Cic. ; 3, with negatives, 
and not rather (also with potius); si hoc dis- 
suadere est, ac non disturbare atque pervertere, 
Cic. B. Joining sentences, and so; 1, atque 
illi onmes sine dubitatione condemnant, Cic. ; 2, 
to join a more important thought, and esjiecially ; 
id estne numerandum in bonis? Ac maximis 
quidem, Cic. ; 3, to introduce an adversative 
clause, ac tamen, Cic. ; 4, to introduce an ob- 
jection raised by the speaker or writer himself, 
ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse, Cic; 5, in 
narration, and so; atque iis, quos nominavi, Cic ; 
6, at tlie end of a speech or treatise, ac de primo 
quidem oflicii fonte diximus, Cic. C. Particular 
connections and phrases ; 1, alius atque alius, 
now this, now that, Liv. ; 2, atque utinam, to 
express a wish, Cic. ; 3, to make an assertion 
general, atque omnia, or omnes. atquc liaec 
omnia verba oontinentur, Cic. ; 4, with othor 
conjunctions, after et, non minis et vi ao metu, 
Cic! ; alter quo (Or. t« . . . «taf), subinoveriquo 
atquo in castra rcdigi, Liv. ; with nee, Mart, j 
repealed in poetry, atcjue dcos atquc ftstra, Verg, 



atq 



GO 



att 



atqui, con, j. (at and qui = quoi — quo), never- 
theless, notwithstanding. I. Gen., atqui non ego 
te frangore persequor, Hor. ; indeed, certainly, 
Cic. II. Egp. in logical conclusions, to intro- 
duce the minor premise, but now, now, Cic;. 

atramentum -i, n. (ater), 1, any black 
fluid ; sepiae, Cic. ; 2, ink, Cic ; 3, blue vitriol, 
shoemaker's black; sutoriuin atramentum, Cic. 

atratus -a -um (ater), clothed in black, in 
mourning, Cic. 

Atrax -acis ("Arpaf), 1, a river in Aetolia ; 
2, a city in Thcssaly ; lieuce, a, Atracides -no, 
in. the Thessalian Caeneus, Ov. ; Atracis -Wis, 
f. liippodamia, Ov. 

Atrebates -uni, m. a people in Gallia Bel- 
pica; sing., Atrebas -batis, in., Caes. 

Atreus -Oi, m ('ATpeu;), son of Pelops, king of 
Argos anil Mycenae, father of Agamemnon and 
Menelaus ; lience, Atrides -ac, in. Agamem- 
non or Menelaus; plur., Atridae, Agamemnon 
und Menelaus. 

atriensis -is, m. (atrium), a head slave, 
tteward, Cic. 

atriolum -i, n. (dim. of atrium), a little 
atrium, or fore-court, Cic. 

atritas -fitis, f. (ater), blackness, Plant. 

atrium -ii, n. (ater), the room blackened by 
smoke ; the open court in a Roman house, into 
which opened the janva, or gate; plur., atria 
-oruni, n. = atrium, Verg. ; meton., a house, 
Ov. ; the halls of the gods, Ov. ; the hall of a temple 
or public building ; atrium Libertatis, Cic. ; auc- 
tionarium, an auctioneer's sale-room, Cic. 

atrocitas -atis, f. (atrox). A. fierceness, 
harshness, cruelty; ipsius facti atrocitas aut in- 
dignitas, Cic. ; liabet atrocitatis aliquid legatio, 
has a threatening aspect, Cic. B. Tronsf. severity, 
barbarity; invidlosa atrocitas verborum, Cic. ; 
atrocitas lata quo modo in veterem Academiam 
irruperit, Cic. 

atrociter, adv., with compar. and super!, 
(atrox), severely, harshly, cruelly; Verri nimis 
atrocitor miiiitans, Cic. 

Atropos -i, f. (aTpon-05, not to be averted), one 
of the three Pa rear. 

5,trox -ocis (from ater, as fcrox from ferns). 
I. Lit., terrible, fearful, cruel, horrible]; res 
scelesta, atrox, nefaria, Cic. ; of war, proclaim, 
Liv. ; of the seasons, hora flagrantis Canicular, 
Hor. ; of commands, threatening ; imperium, 
Liv. ; atrocissimae litterae, Cic. ; of speeches, 
violent; veheniens atque atrox orationis genus, 
Cic. II. Transf., of persons and character, 
gloomy, morose, severe; Agrippina semper atrox, 
Tac. ; animus Catonis, unbending, Hor. 

Atta -ae, m. a Roman surname; C. Quintals 
Atta, a comic poet(i\. 102 B.C.). 

attactUS-us, m. (attingo), a touching, touch, 
contact, Verg. 

attagen -enis, m. (aTrayrjv), a woodcock, Hor. 

Attalus -i, m. ("ATTaAo?), the name of several 
kings of Pergamos, the last of whom, Attalus 
III., left his territory to the. Romans; hence, a, 
AttallCUS -a -um, belonging to Pergamos; agri, 
tic; lieuce rich, splendid ; conditiones, Hor.; 
Jieripetasmata, woven with threads of gold, Cic. ; 
b, Attalis -idis, f. ('ArraX^), name of a guild 
at Athens. 

attamen, conj. but yet, Cic. 

attat = atat. 

attegia -ae, f. a hut, Juv. 

attemperate, adv. (atteraperatus), in a fit 

or appropriate manner, Ter. 

attempcro (ad and tempero), 1. to fit to, 
adjust to, sen, 



attendo (ad and tendo) -tendi -tentuan, 3. 
to stretch to; aniinum, or absol., attendere; to 
direct the attention towards, attend to; with ad 
and the ace, attendite animos ad ca quae con- 
sequuntur, Cic. ; with ace, primum versum 
legis, Cic. ; with ace. and infill., non attendere 
superius illiul ea re a se esse eoncessunr Cic. ; 
with rel. sent., si panlo diligentius, quid de his 
rebus dicat attenderis, Cic. ; with de and the 
abl., animus tamen erit sollicitns, ut nihil possit 
de olliciis legationis attendere, Cic. 

attente, adv., with compar. and super!, 
(attentus), attentively, carefully; audire, Cic; 
cog i tare, Cic. , 

attentio -onis, f. (attendo), o.ttentiveness, 
attention; animi, Cic. 

attento (ad-tento), or attempto (ad- 

tempto), 1. to strive after, to attempt ; 1, ut prae- 
teriri omnino fuerit satins quain ntteiitatum 
deseri, Cic; 2, to tamper with, try to corrupt, 
classem, Cic. ; 3, to attack; aliquid lingua, Cic. ; 

aliquem vi, Tac. 

attentus (ad-tentus) -a -um. I. Pnrtic. of 

attendo and attineo. II. Adj. with compar. 
and superb (attendo), 1, attentive; animus, Cic. ; 
cogitatio, Cic. ; auditor, Cic. ; judex, Cic. ; 2, 
careful after one's property ; attentus quaesitis, 
Ilor. ; paterfamilias, Hor. ; attcnta vita et rus- 
ticana, Cic. 

attenuate, adv. (attenuatus), simply, with- 
out ornament ; dieere, Cic. 

attenuatus -a -um, p. adj. with snperl. 

(from attenuo), made weak ; of discourse, abbre- 
viated ; ipsa ilia pro Roscio juvenilis abundantia 
inulta habet attenuata, Cic. ; over-refined; ejus 
oratio nimia religione attenuata, Cic. 

attenuo (ad-tSnuo), 1. to make thin. A. Lit., 

1, corpus, Ov. ; 2, of number, to lessen, legio 
proeliis attenuata, Caes. ; 3, of strength, to 
weaken; vires diutino morbo attenuatae, Liv.; 
4, of tho voice, to make shrill, Cic. B. Transf., 
cuias, Ov. ; inslgnem, degrade, Hor. 

attero (ad and tSro) -trivi (-tertti), -tiitum, 3. 
A. Lit., 1, to rub against; leniter caudain, Hor. 

2, to rub or wear away ; attrita ansa, Verg. B. 
Transf., to weaken, ruin ; opes, Sail.: aliquem, 
Sail. 

attestor (ad and testor), 1. dep. to attest, 
bear witness to, Pliaedr. 

attexo (ad and texo) -texui -textum, 3. (o 
weave or plait on or to. A. Lit., loricas excratibus, 
Caes. B. Transf., to add, vos ad id, quod erit 
immortale, partem attexitote mortalem, Cic. 

Atthis -idis, f. ( At&s), A ttic, Athenian, Mart. 
Subst., f. 1, Attica, Lucr. ; 2, nightingale or 
swallow, Mart. ; 3, name of a friend of Sappho, Ov. 

Attica -ae, f. (Attik>;), Attica, the most cele- 
brated country of Greece,with Athens for its capital. 

Attice, adv. (Atticus), in the Attic or Athenia n 
manner, dieere, Cic. 

atticiSSO,l. (aTTiK^u), to imitate the Athenian 
mode of speaking, Plaut. 

Atticus -a -um ('Attikos), 1, belonging lo 
Atticaor Athens, Attic, Athenian ; Virgo, i.e., Cane- 
plinros, Hor. ; pelex, Philomela, Mart. Plur. 
Attici -oruni, m. the Athenians, Cic. ; 2, Attic, 
Athenian, with reference to style, art, etc., stilus, 
simple, Cic. ; aures, delicate, Cic. ; hence Attici 
= the Athenian orators, Cic. 

AttYcus, T. Pomponius, the intimate friend 
of Cicero, who received his surname of Atticus 
from his long residence ill Athens. 

attineo -tiniii -tentum, 2. (ad and teneo), 
I. Transit., to hold near, keep. A. Lit., aliquem 
castjls, careerc, publics custodia, T^c. J£ T ' 



att 



61 



auc 



Traiisf., slmul Romanum et Numidam spe pacis, 
to amuse, Sail. II. Intransit., to pertain to, or 
concern, only in 3rd person ; cetera quae ad 
colendam vHem attinebunt, Gic. ; esp. ill the 
expression, quod attinet ad aliquein or illiquid, 
in respect to; qui onmes, quod ad nie attinet, 
vcllem viverent, «.s- far as J am concerned, Cic ; 
nihil attinet me plura seribere, it is of no vie, 
Cic. 

attingo -tigi -tactum, 3. (ad and tango), to 
touch. A. Lit., 1, digito se caelum attigisse 
putare, Cie. ; 2, to arrive at a place; Italiam, 
Cic. ; arces igneas, Hor. ; 3. of places, to touch 
upon, border upon, Cappadocia regio ea quae 
Ciliciam attingit, Cic. ; 4, to attack; Sulla queni 
primum hostes attigerant, Sail. ; 5, to touch, 
i.e., to ajipropriate to oneself; de praeda mea 
nee teruncium attigit, Cic. ; 6, tostrike, si digito 
quern attigissefc, poenas dedisset, Cic. ; 7, to 
embrace, Ov. B. Transf., 1, to touch; of sen- 
sations, voluptas aut dolor aliquein attingit, 
Cie. ; 2, to have to do with, to touch, to reach to; 
corporis similitudo attingit naturamaniiui, Cic. ; 
attingere aliquein necessitudine, to be closely 
connected v:ith,Cic. ; 3, &,tohandle, manage, devote 
oneself to; rempublicam, Cic. ; Graecas litteras, 
Cic. ; rem militarem, Caes ; b, to glance at cur- 
sorily; libruni strictim, Cic; 4, in writing or 
speech, to mention; illani injuriam non attingere, 
Cic. 

AttiS (AtthiS and Atys) -Mis, in. a Phry- 
gian shepherd, beloved by Cybele. 

Attius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous member ofwli ich was P. Attius Varus, 
a praetor in Africa at the time of the war between 
Caesar and Ponipeius, a supporter of the latter ; 
hence adj., Attianus -a -um, Attian. 

attollo, no perf. or sup., 3. to raise up, lift up. 
I. Lit. A. vix prae lacrimis oculos, Liv. ; ininas, 
iras (of a snake raising its head in anger), Verg. ; 
se attollere, or middle, attolli, to raise oneself, 
Verg. B. to erect, raise; molem.Verg. ; terra se 
attollere tandem visa, to rise, appear, Verg. II. 
Transf., to raise, elevate; a, vocem, Quint.; b, 
to elevate, excite, distinguish; animos ad spem 
consulatus, Liv. ; rempublicam bello armisque, 
Tac. 

attondeo -tondi -tonsum, 2. I. Lit. to shear, 
shave, cut ; vitem, Verg. II, Transf., to make 
less, diminish, Cic, poet. 

attdnitus -a -um, p. adj. (from attono), stnwk 
by thunder; hence, 1, stunned, terrified, sense-' 
less ; magna pars iutegris corporibus attoniti 
concidunt, Liv. ; 2, inspired; vates, Hor. ; at- 
tonitae Bacelto niatres, Verg. 

attono -tonui-tonitum, 1. to strike with thun- 
der, stun, make soiseless, Ov. 

attorqueo, 2. to whirl, swing upward, Verg. 

attractio -5nis, f. (attraho), a drawing to 
oneself; hence, litteraruin, assimilation, Varr. 

attraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to draw to, attract. 
I. Lit. A. Of things, magnes lapis, qui ferrum ad 
se allieiat. et attrahat, Cic B. Of persons, to 
drag ; tribunos attrahi ad se jussit, Liv. II. 
Transf. , 1, to attract ; nihil esse quod ad se rem 
ullam tain allieiat et tarn attrahat quam adami- 
citiam similitudo, Cic. ; 2, to take with one ; ali- 
quein Romani, Cic. 

attrectatus -u, in. (attrecto), a handling, 
touching, ap. Cic 

attrecto, 1. (ad and tracto), to touch, handle. 
I. Gen., blanditia popularis aspicitnr, non at- 
trectatur, Cic II. A. to touch unlawfully, in 
an improper manner; libros (Sibyllinos) con- 
taminatis inanibus attrcctare, Cic B. to lay 
hands on, to appropriate ; gazas, Liv. 
, Jittrcpido. 1. to stumble along, Plant. 



attribuo -ui -iitum, 3. to allot to, assign to, 
A. Lit. 1, servos, pastorcs armatatque lis equoa 
attribuit, Caes. ; 2, of money, to assign, lend; 
si modo attribuetur, quantum debetnr, Cic. ; so 
of money paid from the public treasury ; pecunia 
attribute, numerata est) Cic ; 3, to assign (to 
someone to keep or do something); attribuit nos 
trucidaudos Cethego, Cic ; esp. of a military 
command, oppklum civibus Romanis, Caes. ; 4, 
ofa country, to annex, subject ; iusulae, quae erant 
a Sulla Rhodiis attributae, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Jo 
add, give, cause; summus timor quern mini 
natura pudorque mens attribuit, Cic ; 2, gramm. 
t. t. re add as an attribute, Cic. ; 3, to ascribe, 
impute; bonos exitus diis iminortalibus, Cic. 

attributio -onis, f. (attribuo), 1, tlie as- 
signment of a debt, Cic; 2, rhefc t.t., an acces- 
sory or attribute, Cic. 

attributum, -i, n. (attribuo), the predicate, 
Cic. 

attritus -a -um, p. adj., withcompar. (from 
attero). A. rubbed away, worn out, Cic. B. 
Transf., frons, shameless, Juv. 

Attus Navius, a celebrated augur of the 
time of Tarquinius Priscus. 

Atys (Attys) -yos, abl. -ye, m. ("Atuj, 
"Attu?). I. a son of Hercules and Omphale, 
father of Tyrrlienus and Lydus, myth, ancestor 
of the Lydian kings. II. the founder of the gens 
Alio.. 

au, interj., oh! haJ Plaut. 

auceps -cflpis, m\ (for aviceps, from avis 
andcapio). I. Lit., a fowler, bird-catcher, Plant., 
Hor. II. Transf., peritissimum voluptatum 
aucupem sapientem esse, Cic. ; syllabariini, a 
quibbling critic, caviller, Cic. 

auctarium -i, n. (augeo), an increase. Plaut. 

auctio ^oh is, f. (augeo), 1, an auction; 
anctionem facere, constituere, to appoint an auc- 
tion, Cic; praedicare, proscribere, Cic ; propo- 
nere, to announce publicly, Quint. ; proferre, to 
put off, Cic; 2, that vjhich is sold by auction ; 
anctionem vendere, Cic. 

auctioaarius -a-um (auctio), relating to an 
auction ; atrium, and ion-room, Cic. 

auctionor, 1. (auctio) to hold an auction, Cic. 
auctlto, 1. (freq. of augeo), to increase very 
much, Tac. 
aucto, 1. — auctito, Plaut., Lucr. 

auctor -oris, m. (augeo). A. originator, 
causer, doer ; incendii, Cic. ; vulneris, Verg. ; 
esp., 1, the producer of a work of art, artist; 
templi, architect, Liv. ; 2, the founder of a fuiuil y, 
ancestor ; praeclarus auctor nobilitatistuae, Cic. ; 
3, writer, author; carminis, Hor. B. the 
origiwitor of a proposal or undertaking, leader, 
beginner; nee auctor quamvis audaei facinori 
deerat, Liv. ; me auetore, at my request, Cic. ; 
auctor interficiendi alicuius, Cie. ; with dat, 
illo legibus Caecilii Jletelli contra auspicia fer- 
endis auctor, Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad 
instituendam (rem), Cic. ; with in and the abl., 
in restituendo auetorem fuisse, Cic. ; alicui auc- 
torem esse, to advise, recommend, semper senatui 
auctor pacis fui, Cic ; foil, by ut or ne with the 
subj., Cic C. the author of apiece of informa- 
tion, warrant for its truth ; a, certis auctoribus 
coinperisae, Cic. ;b, an authority; mains auctor 
Latinitatis, Cic ; Cratippo anctorc, on the au- 
thority ofOraiippua, Cic. ; non sordidus auctor 
naturae verique, investigator, Hor. ; c, an author 
of note; Homerus optiinus auctor, Cic; auctor 
rerum Romanarum, hislorum, Cic. ; hence, auc- 
tonmcasii, toanswer for, slatepositively ; necpauci 
suntauctorcs Cn. Flavium scribam libros protu- 
lissc, Cic. D. Lsp., 1, auctor legis or senatus 



auo 



G2 



auf* 



COnstlltl, proposer, Liv. ; 2, supporter of a law, 
niultarum legum ant anctor aut dissnasor, Cic. ; 
3, auctores Bunt patres, the. senators sanction a 
law, Cic. ; 4, defender, protector; praeclarus isle 
auctor suae civitatis, Cic ; 5, the guarantee of a 
right to an estaU ; a malo auctore cmere, Cic. ; 
0, nf a guardian, etc., approver, saivctioner ; 
quod mulier sine tutorc anctoro promiserit, 
without the approval of her guardian, Cic. 

auctoramentum -i, n. (anctoro), thepay or 
hire for the /< rformance of any duty, Cic. 

auctoritas -atis, f. (auctor), contin 
a causing to continue. I. A. validity, 1, in Hie 
case of property, nans et auctoritas, or simply 
auctoritas, valid right to property arising from 
prescription; usus et, auctoritas fundi, Cic. ; 2, 
in case of an assertion, attestation, security, 
authority; publicarum tabularum, Cic; 3, 
example, inajorum, Cic. ; alicuiua auctoritatem 
sequi, Cic B. the origination of a proposal or 
proceeding, support, aid; cuius auctoritas mul- 
tum apud me Valet, Cic. C. the expression of 
approval or assent, resolve ; 1, lioniinum consilia 
et auctoritates, Cic ; 2, of the will of the 
people, populi Romaui, Cic ; 3, of public bodies 
or magistrates, collegii, Liv. ; 4. of the senate, 
a, a. vieasure to which the senate has assented, the 
approval of the senate; auctoritatem senatus, 
jussa populi Romaui venderc, Cic. ; b, a resolu- 
tion of the. senate, prevented from being made 
a decree by the veto of the tribunes, si quia 
huic senatus consulto inUucessisset, auctoritas 
perscribcretur, Cic. D. authorisation, full power, 
legatos cum auctoritate mittere, Cic; hence, 
power, might, command ; manerc in alicuius auc- 
toritate, Liv. II. influence, authority; 1, of a 
person, a, lit., auctoritatem habere apud ali- 
quein, Cic. ; auctoritatem restituere, levare, 
amittore, Cic ; b, meton., a person in authority, 
an influential person, Cic; 2, of things, legem, 
Cic. ; orationis, Cic 

auctoro, 1. (auctor). I. to hire fir money; 
refl. auctorare Be, or pass, to hire, engage oneself, 
Hor. II. Trans!', to bind oneself; eo pignore 
velnt auctoratnm eibi proditorem ratns est, Liv. 

auctumnalis -c (anctumnns), autumnal, 
Liv. 

1. auctumnus -i. in. (augeo), autumn, Cic. ; 
meton., septem auctumni = seven years, Ov. 

2. auctumnus -a -urn (1. auctumnus), au- 
tumnal; frigus, Ov. 

1. auctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from augeo), only 
used in compar., increased, enlarged, enriched ; 
majestas auctior, Liv. ; socii lionore auctiores, 
Caes. 

1. auctus -us, m. (augeo), an increase, en- 
largement, growth; corporis, Lucr. ; iliuninum, 
Tac ; imperii, Tac ; maxiinis auctibus crescere, 
Liv. 

aucupatio -onis, f. (aucupor), fowling, bird- 
catching, Quint. 

aucupatoriUS -a -uin (aucupor), relating to 
fowling, 1'lin. 

aucupium -i, n. (auceps), bird-catching, 
fowling. I. A. Lit., vitain propagate aucupio, 
Cic. B. Meton., the birds caught, Cat. II. 
Transf. hunting after anything; delectation is, 
after pleasure, dr.; ancnpia verborum, caviili j, 
quibbling, Cic. 

aucupor, l. den. (anceps). I. Lit. to 
catch birds, Van*. II. Transf! /•< chase, strive 
for, lie in trait for ; verba, Cio. ; errores hoinin- 
uin, Cic ; inaiiein rumorem, Cic. ; tempeatates, 
to wait for finer weather, Cic. 

audacia -ae, f. (audax), 1, courage, boldness, 
daring ; audacia in bello, Sail. ; 2, audacity, 
impudence, temerity; audacia et impudentia 



fretus, Cic ; alicuius audaciam debilitare, Cic ; 
frangere, Liv. ; contnndere et frangere, Cic ; 
plur, audaciae, audacious deals, Cic 

audaciter, and audacter, adv., with 
compar. and superl. (audax), boldly (in a good or 
bad sense), audaciously, rashly, impudently, Cic. 

audax -iicis, adj., with compar. and superl. 

(audeo), daring (in a good or bad sense), bold, 

courageous, audacious, roth, foolhardy; n, of 
persons, Verres homo audacissimus atque ainen- 
tissinms, Cic-. ; panlo ad facinus audacior, Cic. ; 
audax in convocandis hominilms et ariaandis, 
Cic ; b, of tilings, consilium prima specie teme- 
rarium magis quam audax, Liv. 

audons -entis, p. adj., with compar. and 
superl. (from audeo), daring, bold, Yerg. 

audenter, adv. (audens), boldly, Tac. 
audentia -ae, f. (audens), boldness, courage, 

Cie. 

audeo, ausus sum, 2. (connected with avi- 
dns), to dare, venture; audeo dicere, I venture 
to assert, Cic ; with aec, tantum facinus, Liv. ; 
proelium, aeiem, Tac. ; with in and the abl., 
ausurum se in tribunis, quod princeps familiae 
suae ausus in regibus csset, Liv.; with pro and the 
abl., pro vita majoraaudereprobavi, Yerg. ; absol., 
quod sperant, quod audent, omne Caesari acccp- 
tum referre possunt, Cic. ; adversus Neronein 
ausus, Tac. ; audcre in proclia, Yerg. 

audiens -entis. I. Partic of audio (q.v.). 
II. Subst. a hearer, Cie. 

audientia -ae, f. (audio), hearing, listening, 
attention ; alicui audientiam facere, to get a hear- 
ing for any one by commanding silence, Cic, Liv. 

audio, 4. (connected with amis), to hear. I, 
to hare the power of hearing ; audiclidi sen.su 
carere, Cic TLtohcar something. A. claniorcm, 
Cacs. ; galli cantuin, Cic; with double aec., 
te, ut spero, propediem censorem audiemus, 
Cie. ; with aec and intin., saepc hoe majores 
natu dicere audivi, Cic; with ace and partic, 
Sdque Socratem audio dicentem, Cic ; with rela- 
tive clause, audire enim cupio quid lion probes, 
Cic ; with de and the abl, multa falsa dc me 
audierunt, Cic; the person from whom a tiling is 
heard is put in the abl. with ab or de, Cic Perf. 
part., as subst., auditum -i, n. hearsay; nihil 
habeo praeter auditum, Cic B. to listen to; 
a, aliquem lubenter studioseque, Cic ; of judges, 
to lone a. case ; audire de ainbitu, Cic; of pupils, 
"to listen to a master, to attend the classes or lec- 
tures of a professor; annum jam audire Cra- 
tippnm, Cic; b, to listen to requests; preces, 
Cic. ; c, of stories or persons, to listen to, i.e., 
to give credence to; si fahulas audire volumus, 
Cic. ; audio, / believe it, Cic. ; d, to obey, to fol- 
low ; aliquem amicissime monenteiu, Cic. ; dicto 
audicntem esse; with dat, to obey ; 11011 fore 
dicto audienles milites, Caes. C. to be called 
(like Qr. clkovio), Matutine pater, sen Jane liben- 
tius audis, Ilor. ; bene audire, to be well spoken 
of; a propinquis, Cic. 

auditio -onis, f. 1, (audio), hearing, listen- 
ing; aliquid multa lectione atque auditione aase- 
qui, Cic. ; 2, hearsay report; levem auditionem 
habere pro re comperta, Cic. ; plur., lictae audi- 
tiones, Cic 

auditor -oris, in. (audio), a hearer, auditor, 
scholar; alicui auditorem venire, Cic. 

auditorium -i, n. (audio), a place of audience, 
', court of jv lice, etc, Tac ; a school, 
Quint. ; circle of listeners, Plin. 

auditus -us, m. (audio). I. Gen., hearing ; 
tlie sense, of hearing, Cic II. Esp., listening, Tac 

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatum, 3. (ab and 
fero). I. to carry away, tarry off remove. At 



Auf- 



63 



Aul 



Lit., inter manus e convicio tamquam e proelio 
auferri, Cic. ; se e conspcctu alicuius, Cic. ; 
auforov in scopulos, Ov. B. Transf., to draw 
away from one's aim, seduce; ne te auferant 
aliorum consilia, Cic. II. to take away with, 
hear of; sometimes in good, but oftaier in bad 
sense, to rob, steal. A. Lit., a, of persons ; 
multa palam domain, Cic. ; aurieulam mordicus, 
to bite, off, Cic. ; b, of things; hi ludi XV. dies 
auferent, Cic. ; mora Achillem abstulit, Hor. 
B. Transf., 1, ilia autem, quae contrariis com- 
motionibus auferenda sunt, Cic. ; 2. to cairy off, 
i.e. to gain, obtain; tantum abstulit quantum 
petiit, Cic. ; responsumab aliquo, Cic. ; 3, to lay 
aside, cease from; aufer abhinc lacrimas, Lucr. 

Auf idena -ae, f. a town in Samnium, now 
Alfidena. 

AufldlUS -a -urn, name of a Roman gens. 

Auf Idus -i, m. a river in Apulia, now Ofanto. 

aufugto -fugi, 3. (aband fugio), to flee away, 
Cic. 

Auge -es, f. (Auyrj), daughter of Aleus and 
Neaera, mother of Telephus by Hercules. 

Augeasand Augias-ae, m. (Avyeias), king 
of the Epeans in Elis, the cleansing of whose 
stable, which had not been cleansed for thirty 
years, was one of the labours of Hercules. 

augeo, auxi, auctum, 2. (connected with 
avfoino), to make to increase. I. to cause to grow, 
to fertilise; aer humorein colligens terram auget 
imbribus, makes fertile, Cic. II. In a wide 
sense, to make larger; a, to strengthen, lias 
munitiones, Caes. ; b, of rivers, to cause to rise, 
geu. in pass., augeri = to be swollen; aninis 
ninibis hiemalibus auctus, Ov. ; c, of number 
or quantity, to increase; numerum legatorum, 
Cic. ; d, of degree, vitiuin ventris et gutturis, 
Cic. ; populi Romani imperium, Cic. ; e, of moral 
or intellectual qualities or feelings, benevolen- 
tiain, Cic. ; luctuni, Cic. ; f, in speech, to extol, 
set forth ; hostium vim et copias et felicitatem, 
Cic. ; g, to, enrich, to honour; cives suos copia 
rerum, Cic. ; augeri cognomento Augustae, Tac. 

augesco, auxi, 3. (inch, of augeo), to begin 
to grow, to increase ; a, quae (uva) et suco terrae 
et calore solis augescens primo est peracerba 
gustu, Cic. ; b, politically, to increase in strength; 
quum hostium res tantis augescere rebus cer- 
neret, Liv. 

augmen -Inis, n. (augeo), an increase, growth, 
Lucr. 

augur -uris, c. are augur, soothsayer, seer, Cic. ; 
aquae augur aunosa cornix, prophetess of rain, 
Hor. 

auguralis -e (augur), relating to an augur 
or augury; coena, Cic. Subst., augurale -is, 
n. the part of the Roman camp where the auguries 
were taken, Tac. 

auguratio -onis, f. (auguro), divining, sooth- 
saying, Cic. 

auguratus -us, m. (auguro), the office of an 
augur, Cic. 

augurium -i, n. (augur), tlie observation and 
interpretation of omens, augury. I. A. Lit., 
augurium capere, Liv. ; salutis, are augury in 
time of peace (to inquire if it were permitted to 
pray to the gods de salute reipublicae), Cic. B. 
Transf., a, any kind of prophecy ; o mea frustra 
semper verissima auguria rerum futurarnm, Cic. ; 
b, presentiment ; inlmeret in mentibus quasi 
saeculorum quoddam augurium futurorum, Cic. 
II. Meton., A. Subject., the science of augury ; 
Apollo augurium citharamque dabat, Verg. B. 
Object., 1, an omen; augurium accipere, Liv. ; 
2, a sign, token, Ov. 

augiirius -a -urn (augur), relating to an 
auqw f JUSj Cic. 



auguro, 1. (augur). I. to act as an augur; 
sacerdotcs salutem popult auguranto, take the 
auguries for, etc., Cic; pass., locus auguratur, 
the place is consecrated by auguries, Cic. ; augurato 
(abl. absol.), after taking tlie auguries, Liv. II. 
Transf. A. to prophesy, Cic. B. to liave a fore- 
boding or presentiment; praesentit animus et 
augurat quodainmodo, quae futura sit suavitas 
Cic. 

auguror, 1 . dep. (augur). I. to perform the 
functions of an augur, to foretell by auguries; ex 
passerum numero belli Trojani annos, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, to foretell; alicui mortem, Cic; 2, to 
guess; quantum auguror con jectura aut opinione, 
Cic. ; quum ex nomine istius, quid in provincia 
facturus esset, perritfxule homines auguraren- 
tur, Cic. 

Augusta -ae, f. I. name of the wife, daughter, 
mother, or sister of the Roman Emperor. II. name 
of several towns named after the emperor, Augusta 
Taurinorum (Turin), Augusta Praetoria Masto), 
Augusta Treverorum (Treves), Augusta Emerita 
(Merida), Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg). 

Augustalis -e (Augustus), belonging to or 
in honour of tlie Emperor Augustus. - 

auguste, adv. with compar. (augustus), 
reverentkdly ; auguste et sancto venerari dcos, 
Cic. 

Augustodunum -i, town of the Aedui in 
Gaul, now Autun. 

1. augustus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (augeo), 1, consecrated, holy ; Eleusis ■ 
sancta ilia et augusta, Cic. ; 2, majestic, digni- 
fied; vestis augustissima, Liv. 

2. Augustus -i, m. surname of Octavianus 
after his elevation to the imperial power, and of 
all subseqiient Roman emperors. 

3. Augustus -a -urn, relating to Augustus; 
pax, Ov. ; mensis, August, formerly called Sex- 
tilis, changed to Augustus in honour of the 
emperor. 

aula -ae, f. (av\rj). I. the fore-court in a build- 
ing, Hor. ; yard for cattle, Prop. II. = atrium, 
an inner court, Verg. III. a palace. A. Lit., 
aula Priami, Hor. ; so of the dwellings of the 
gods, ilia se jactet in aula Aeolus, Verg. ; of the 
lower world, immanis janitor aulae (of Cer- 
berus), Verg. ; of a bee-hive, Verg. B. Meton., 
a, the court, courtiers; puer ex aula, Hor. ; divisa 
et discors aula erat, Tac. ; b, princely power ; 
auctoritate aulae constitute, Cic 

aulaeum -i, n. (avXaia), usually plur., 1, 
curtain, tapestry; aulaea superba, Verg. ; 2, a 
canopy, Hor. ; 3, curtain of a tluatre, fastened 
below and let down at the beginning of a piece, 
and drawn up at the end ; aulaeum tollitur, 
Cic. ; 4, an embroidered upper garment, Juv. 

Aulerci -oruni, m. a people of Gallia Celtica, 
divided into four branches ; a, Aulerci Eburovi- 
ces, in modern Normandy ; b, Aulerci Cenomani, 
in modern Dep. do la Sarthe ; c, Aulerci Bran- 
novices, on the Loire ; d, Aulerci Diablintes or 
Diablinti, in Modern Dep. de la Maine. - 

aulicus -a -um, (ai/\rj), belonginq 'to the 
court, princely, Suet. Subst., aulicl -oruni, 

m. courtiers, Nep. 

Aulis -Idis, f. (AuAt's), a port in Boeotia, 
where the Greek fleet collected before sailing to 
Troy. 

auloedus -i, m. (aiiAuSfc), one who sings to 
the flute, Cic. 

Aulon -onis, m. a celebrated wine-district 
near Tarenium. 

Aulularia -ae, f. the title of « comedy of 
Plautus. 



atif 



64 



aua 



aura^-ae, old genit. aura? (avpa), atr. A. 1, 
ttte motion of the air, wind ; nocturna aura uti 
(of ships), Caes. ; venti et aurae cient mare, 
Liv.; 2, maton., plur. aurae, a, the heavens; 
cuvsum per auras dlrigere, Verg. ; stat fervea 
turris adaura8, Verg.; b, the world above; venire 
superas ad auras, the light of day, Verg. ; ferre 
sub auras, to make known, Verg. ; 3, transf., 
breath, sign; rumoris, Cic. ; aura popularis, the 
breath of popular favour, Cic. ; 4, the air that vat 
breathe; auris vitalibus vesci, Verg. B. 1, smell, 
Verg. ; 2, glitter ; auri, Verg. ; 3, echo, Prop. 

aurarlus -a -um (aurum), golden, relating to 
gold, Plin. Subst., auraria -ae, f. (sc. fodina), 
a gold mine, Tac. 

auratus -a -urn (aurum), golden, gilt; tecta, 
Cic. ; vestis, Ov. 

A ur ell us -a -um, name of a Roman plebeian 
Sens (with the surnames Cotta, Orestes, Scaurus). 

Aurelius, M., v. Antoninus. 

aureolas -a -urn (dim. of aureus). A. Lit., 
golden, . Plaut. B. Transf., glittering, splendid, 
beautiful; libellus, Cic. 

aureus -a -um (aurum), golden. I. 1, made 
of gold; a. lit., anulus, Cic. ; numinus, and 
absol., a golden coin, Cic; b, transf., excellent, 
beautiful ; Venus, Verg. ; mores, Hor. ; 2, gilt, 
ornamented with gold ; amiculura, Cic. ; sella, 
Cic. ; currus, the triumphal car, Cic. ; Pactolus, 
with golden sands, v. II. of the colour of gold ; 
color, Ov. ; caesaries, Verg. 

aurichalchum = orichalchum (q.v.). 

auricomus -a -um (aurum and coma). I. 
golden -Mired, P. Aug. II. Transf., golden- 
leaved ; fetus arboris, Verg. 

auricula -ae, f. (dim. of auris), the lobe of the 
ear, the ear. I. Lit., auricula infima- Cic; auricu- 
lam mordicus auferre, Cic; praecepitum auriculis 
instillare, Hor. II. Meton., plur. = favourable 
hearing, Pers. 

aurifer -fera -fgrum (aurum and fero). I. 
gold-bearing, gold-producing, arbor (of a tree in 
the garden of the Hesperides), Cic. poet. II. 
bringing gold; Tagus, Ov. ; amnis, Cat. 

aurifex -ficis, m. (aurum and fucio), a gold- 
smith, Cic. 

aurifodina -ae, f. a gold mine, Plin. 

• auriga -ae, c (from old aurea = reins and 

ago), charioteer, driver. I. Lit., Verg., Caes. ; 

esp. one who contends in tlie chariot race in the 

circus, Cic II. Transf., poet., a helmsman, Ov. 

Aurigena -ae, c (aurum and gigno), begotten 
of gold; epithet of Perseus, son of DanaS, Ov. 

auriger -gSra -gerum (aurum and gero), gold- 
bearing ; taurus, with gilt horns, Cic poet. 

aurigo. 1. (auriga), to be a charioteer, contend 
in the clutriot race, Suet. 

auriplgmentum -i, n. orpiment, Plin. 

auris -is, f. (connected with aiulio), the ear. 
L A. Lit., aures; erigere, Cic, arrigere, Ter., 
to prick up the ears; adhibere, admovere, Cic, 
applicare, Hor., to listen; praebere aures con- 
viciis adolescentlum, Liv. ; dare, Cic, to give a 
hearing to; accipere auribus, Cic. ; aliquem ad- 
monere ad aurem, to whisper advice in the ear, 
Cic; claudere aures alicui, Cic; demittere aures 
'as a sign of submission), Hor. ; dicere in aurem 
dicui aliquid, Cic ; insusurrare ad aurem or in 
aures, Cic\ ; oifendere aures, Cic ; aures refereire 
aliqua re, Cic ; aures respuunt aliquid, Cic ; 
aervire aiicuius auribus, to syieak according to the 
wish of, Caes. ; dormire in utramvis aurem, to 
sleep soundly, be without anxiety, Ter. B. Meton., 
a, the hearing, as Judging of the nip.riri of a 



Cic II. Transf., aures; the earth or mould' 
boards of a plough, Verg. 

auriscalpium -i, n. an ear-pick, Mart. 

auritulus -i, m. (dim. of auritus), the long- 
eared one, i.e., the ass, Phaedr. 

auritus -a -um (auris). A. Lit., long-eared; 
lepus, Verg. B. Transf., attentive, Hor. ; testis 
auritus, a hearsay witness, Plaut. 

aurora -ae, f. (avus, aa>'?, 1710'?}, the break of 
day, redness of morning. I. Lit., A. Gen., Verg., 
Liv. B. Personified, Aurora, goddess of morn- 
ing, Ov. II. Meton., the east, Ov. 

aurum -i, n. gold. I. A. Lit., Cic B. 
Meton., something made of gold, gold plate, Lucr.; 
a golden goblet, Verg. ; chain, necklace, Verg. ; 
ring, Juv. ; bit, Verg. ; the golden fleece, Ov. ; gold 
coin, money, Cic II. Transf., A. the colour or 
glittering of gold, Ov. B. the golden age, Hor. 

Aurunci -orum, m. the people of Aurunca ; 
Aurunoa -ae, f. a town in Campania. Adj., 
Auruncus -a -um, Auruncian. 

Ausci -orum, m. a people in Aquitania. 

auscultatio -onis, f. (ausculto) ; 1, a listen 
ing, Sen. ; 2, obedience, Plaut. 

auscultator -oris, m. (ausculto), a listener, 
Cic. 

ausculto, 1. (for ausiculito, from ausicula 
= auricula). I. to hear attentively; populum, 
Cat. II. Esp., A. to listen in secret, to overliear, 
Plaut. ; in a good sense, to attend, wait at the 
door, Hor. B. to obey ; mihi ausculta ; vide-ne 
tibi desis, Cic. 

Ausetanl -orum, m. a Spanish people in 
modem Catalonia; hence adj., Ausetanus 
-a -um, Ausetanian. 

Ausones -um, m. (Auo-oi/es), aboi-igines of 
Centred and Southern Italy; hence, A. Ausonia 
-ae, f. Ausonia, Lower Italy, Ov. ; Italy, Verg. 
B. Adj., Ausdnius -a -um ; poet., Italian, 
Verg.^ Subst., Ausonil = Ausones, Verg. C. 
Ausdnidae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Auso- 
nia, or generally of Italy, Verg. D. Ausonis 
-idis, Awsonian, Italian, Verg. 

auspcx -Icis, c (for avispex, from avis and 
specio). I. one who observes the habits of birds 
for purposes of divination ; latores et auspices 
legis curiatae (Caesar and Pompeius), Cic. II. 
Transf., A. favourer, protector, leader; Teucro 
dnce et auspice Teucro, Hor. B. a person who 
witnessed the marriage contract, best, man, bride- 
groom' s friend, etc (jrapoi<u/u<£os), Cic. 

auspicato, adv. (lit. abl. absol. of auspico), 
in a fortunate hour ; urbem condere, Cic. 

auspicatus -a -um (auspico), 1, consecrated 
by auguries, Cic; 2, favourable, auspicious; 
initium, Tac. 

auspicmm -li, n. (for avispicium), dhnna- 
tion by means of birds. I. A. Lit., in auspicio 
esse, to act as augur, Cic ; praeesse auspiciis, 
Cic ; adhibere aliquem in auspicium, Cic. ; ausr 
picio uti, Cic ; auspicia dissolvere, Cic ; esp., 
tine right to take auspices, propraetores auspicia 
non habent, Cic. ; auspicia ponere, to lay down a 
magistracy, Cic; imperio atque auspicio aiicuius, 
under the command of (in war the commander-in- 
chief alone had the right of taking the auspices), 
Liv. B. Transf., control, protection, guidance; 
suis auspiciis ducere vitam, Verg. II. Meton., 
an omen, sign ; optimum, Cic. ; aves auspicium 
ratum fecere, Cic. 

auspico, 1. (auspex), to take the auspices; 
aliquid, to accept as an omen, Plant. 

auspicor, 1. dep. (auspex), 1, to take the 
auspices ; nuspicari oblitus est, Cic ; 2, to begin 
vr nr.mi tntivices, Tac ; to begin, Suet. 



aus 



aUSter -stri, m. I. tlte south wind, Cic. II. 
Meton., the south, Verg. 

austere adv. (austerus), severely, gravely, 
austerely, Cic. 

austeritas -atis, f. (austerus). I. Lit., a, 
harshness, sourness of taste, Plin. ; b, darkness of 
colour, Pliu. II. Transf., strictness, austerity, 
Quint. 

austerus -a -am (avanjpos). I. sour, harsh 
in taste, Plin. II. Transf... 1, strict, severe, 
austere; ilio austero more ac inodo, Cic; 2, 
sad, ijloomy, melancholy, burdensome ; labor, Hor. 
australis -e (auster), southern, Cic. 
austrinus -a -um (auster), southern, Verg. 
ausum -i, n. (ausus, from audeo), a daring 
deed, undertaking, Verg. 

aut, conj. disjunct., or, or else, or rather, Cic; 
aut . . . aut, either . . . or, Cic; neque . . . aut, 
= neque . . . neque, poet. ; aut vero, or indeed 
(used ironically), Cic; aut certe, or at least, 
Cic. ; aut saltern, aut potius, aut etiam, Cic. 

autem, conj. adversat. (avre), but, on the 
contrary, however, moreover; never used at the 
beginning of a clause ; joined with adeo, porro, 
tuni, ast, even with sed ; when used to correct a 
word before used = did I say ? nuifl quia testis 
Postumum appellavit? Testis autem? Nuin 
accusator? Cic. 

authepsa -ae, f. (auT<k and t'^w), a cooking- 
store, Cic. 

aUtSgraphUS -a -um (aiiTdypa<#>os), written 
with ones own hand, Suet. 

Autdlycus -i, m. (Ai/ToAuKot), son of Mer- 
cury, famous for his thefts. 

autfimatus (3s) -a -um (-6n), adj. (auTo/ia-ros), 
self-acting, Petr. Subst., automaton -i, n. an 
automaton, Suet. 

Automedon -ontis, m. (A.!nop.i8uiv), the 
charioteer of Achilles ; appelh, a charioteer, Cic 
Autonoe -es, f. (\vtov6ti), mother of Actaeon. 
Adj., Autoneius -a -um, heros, Actaeon, Ov. 
autumnus, etc., v. auctumnus. 
autumo, 1. (orig. aituino, from aio), to say, 
assert, Plant., Ter. 

auxiliaris -e (auxilium), giving help, assist- 
ing, auxiliary. I. Gen., Ov. II. Esp., auxili- 
ares, (sc. miiites, cohortes), auxiliary or allied 
troops, Caes., Tac. ; hence, belonging to the allied 
troops; auxiliaria stipendia, Tac 

auxiliarius -a -um (auxilium), 1, helping, 
auxiliary, Plant. ; 2, milit. 1. 1., miiites, auxi- 
liary troops, Cic. 

auxiliator -oris, m. (auxilior), a helper, 
assister, Tac. 

auxiliatus -us, m. (auxilior), help, assist- 
ance, Lucr. 

auxilior, 1. dep. (auxilium), to help, assist, 
support; alicui, Cic. ; especially used of medical 
aid, Ov. 

auxilium -i, n. (augeo), help, aid, assistance. 
I. Gen., adjnngere sibi auxilium, Cic ; arcessere 
aliquem auxilio, to help, Caes. ; ad auxilium con- 
venire, Caes. ; dare adversus aliquem auxilium, 
Liv. ; esse auxilio alicui, Caes. ; consuli ad- 
versus intercessionem collegae auxilio esse, Liv.; 
alicui nemo auxilio est, quin, etc., Liv. ; auxilio 
ei futuruni ne causam dicat, Liv. ; expetere 
auxilium ab aliquo, Cic. ; exspectare vestrum 
auxilium, Cic. ; alicui ferre auxilium, Cic. ; ferre 
alicui auxilium contra tantam vim, Cic ; im- 
plorare auxilium alicuius, Cic. ; aliquem auxilio 
mittere, Cic. ; petere auxilium ab aliquo, Cic. ; 
polliceri auxilium alicui rei, Cic. ; venire auxilio 
alicui, Caes. ; plur., illorum auxiliis uti, Cic. 



65 ave 

II. Esp., plur., a, military power I eqtlitum 
peditumque, Caes. ; b, auxilia, auxiliary troops, 
Cic, Caes. 

avare, adv. with com par. and sliperl. (ava- 
rus), avariciously, covetously, Cic. 

Avaricum -i, n. capital of the liituriges Cubi 
in Aquitauia, now Bourges. 

avariter, adv. (avarus), greedily, Plant. 

avaritia -ae (avarities -ei, Lucr.), f. amr- 
ice, cupidity, covetousness ; ardere avaritia, Cic; 
avaritia perire, Cic. ; plur., omnes avaritiae, all 
kinds of avarice, Cic. 

avarus -a -um (connected with aveo and 
avidus). I. Gen., covetous, greedy; mare, Hor. ; 
with genit., publicae pecuniae avarus, Tac. II. 
Esp., greedy after money, avaricious; homo 
avarus et furax, Cic. Subst, avarus -i, m. 
the avaricious man, Hor. 

aveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to carry off, bear 
away, Verg., Liv. ; pass, to ride off, Liv. 

avello -velli and -vulsi (-volsi) -vulsura (-vol- 
sum), 3. to tear away, pluck away. I. Lit., poma 
ex arboribus, cruda si sint, vi avelluntur, Cic. ; 
sive seoetur aliquid sive avellatur a corpore, 
Cic. II. to take away with violence, separate. 
A. Lit., de matris complexu avellere atque ab- 
strahere, Cic. ; ex complexu avelli, Cic. ; avulsiia 
a meis, Cic B. Transf., aliquem convicio ab 
errore, Cic. 

avena -ae, f. I. a, oats, Verg. ; b, wild oats, 
Cic. ; steriles, Verg. II. Transf., the shepherd's 
pipe, Ov. ; plur., junctae avenae or strnctae 
avenae, the Pan-pipes, Ov. 

avenaccus -a -um (avena), oaten; farina, 
Plin. 

avenarius -a -um, relating or belonging to 
oats, Plin." 

Aventinum -1, n. and Aventinus -i, m. 
the Aventine, one of the hills of Rome, Cic. Adj., 
Aventinus -a -um, of or belonging to the Aven- 
tine. 

1. aveo, 2. (cf. Sanskr. av, to wish), lit., to print 
after; hence, to desire; aveo genus legationi.". 
Cic. ; gen. with infin., valde aveo scire quid 
agas, Cic. 

2. aveo (haveo), 2. to be well ; found only 
in the imp. ave, aveto, avete, hail I farewell! a 
formula of greeting and farewell used by the 
Romans, Cic. 

Avernus -a -um (aop^o?), without Hrds; loca, 
places where birds cannot live on account of the 
pestilential exhalation, Lucr. Subst., Avernus 
-i, the lake Avernus, near Cumae, said to be the 
entrance to the infernal regions ; the infernal 
regions themselves, Ov. ; hence, adj., Avernus 
-a -um, Avernalis -e, relating to Avernus, or 
the lower world. 

averrunco, 1. to turn, away, avert; iram 
deorum, Liv. 

aversabilis (aversor), that from, which one 
must turn away, horrible, Lucr. 

1. aversor, dep. (averto). A. to turn aivay 
(on account of shame, disgust, etc.) ; aversari 
advocati, vix etiam ferre posse, Cic. ; with ace, 
(ilium, Liv. B. Transf., to repel, turn away, 
avoid, shun; principes Syracusanorum, Liv.; 
preces, Liv. ; aliquem ut parricidam liberum, 
Liv. 

2. aversor -6r», m. (averto), an embezzler; 
pecuniae publicae, Cic. 

aversus -a -um, p. ndj. (from averto). A. 
turned away, backward, behind (opp. adversus) ; 
adversus et aversus impudicus es, before and 
behind, Cic ; quendam actorem aversum (turn' 
ing his back on the people) solitum esse dicers, 



ave 



G6 



Bde 



C'ic. ; avcrsos boves in spelUncaiii traxit, Liv. 
1'lur. subst., aversa -oruin, u. the back parts; 
urbis, Liv. B. disinclined, unfavourable to, 
averse from; a versus a vera, Die. ; with dat., 
aversua raercaturis, Hor. 

averto(avorto)-vertl(-vorti)-versum(-vor- 
sum), :!. to turn away, turn off, remove. I. Lil 
A. Gen. Lepidus se avertit, Cla ; nliqukl uij 
oculis, Cic. ; flumina, divert, Cic. ; iter, Caen., 
Liv. ; lience, 1, pass., averti (as middle), averaus 
ab suo [tinere, turning away, Liv. ; 2, active, 
as reflexive, prora avertit, Verg. B. Esp. 1, to 
drive away by violence; barbaros a port is cas- 
trorum, Caes. ; 2, to carry off, appropriate to 
oneself, embezzle ; pecuniain publican). Cic. ; 
hereditatein, Cic. ; quatuor tamos a stabulis, 
Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen., 1, to keep off some- 
thing dangerous; pestem ab Aegyptiis, Cic; 
quod omen dli avertant, Cic. ; 2, to keep some- 
thing dangerous or disgraceful off some one; qui 
me a tanta infamia averterit, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
to turn, away, divert (thoughts or wishes, etc.), 
Antonii furorem a pemicie reipublicae, Cic. ; cogi- 
lationem a miseriis, Cic. ; aliquem a consihis 
pacis ; 2, to estrange; alicuius animuin a se, 
Cic. 

&VKI -ae, f. (avus), a grandmother, Cic. 

aviarius -a -um (avis), relating to birds; 
rete, Varr. Subst., aviarlum -ii, n., a, a 
place where birds are kept, an aviary, Cic. ; b, the 
haunts of wild birds in the woods, Verg. 

avide, adv. (avidus), greedily; exspeetare, 
appetere, arripere, Cic. 

aviditas -atis (avidus), f. A. Gen., vehe- 
ment desire, avidity; eibi, pecuniae, for food, 
money, Cic. ; legendi, Cic. B. Esp., desire of 
money, avarice, Cic. 

avidus -a -um (1. aveo), vehemently desiring, 
greedy. I. a, with genit., cibi, Ter. ; laudia, 
Cic. ; novaruiu return, Liv. ; belli gerendi, Sail. ; 
b, with intln., Verg. ; c, with in and the ace, 
Liv. ; d. witli ad and the ace, Liv. ; e, with 
n and the abl., in pecuniis loeupletium, Cic. 
II. Absol. A. Lit., a, covetous, greedy of money ; 
Jicres, Hor. ; subst., a miser, Cic. ; b, greedy 
in respect of food, gluttonous ; convivae, Hor. ; 
leones, bloodthirsty, Ov.; c, transf., auresavidae, 
eager to hear, Cic. ; libido, Insatiable, Cie. ; mare, 
Hor.; d, hot, ardent, eager to fight; legiones, 
Tac. B. Fig., wide, large, vast, Lucr. 

avis -is, f. (connected with aryxt). I. Gen., 
a bird, and coll. the whole race of birds, Cic. II. 
Esp., omen, as the chief method of divination 
among the Romans was by birds; avibua bonis 
Ov. ; seeundis, Liv., with good omens; avi mala, 
Hor. ; sinistra, riant. ; adversa, witli bad omen. 
Cic. 

avitUS -a -um (avus), relating to a grand- 
father, ancestral ; bona paterna et avita, Cic. ; 
nierum, very old, Ov. 

avius -a -um (a and via). I. out of the right 
way, untrodden; avii saltus inontesque, Liv. 
Subst., avium -i, n. a by-v.<ay, a solitary place. ; 
avia dum sequor, Verg. II. Poet., A. out of the 
left)/, wandering, remote; in mnntea se avius 
abdidit altos, Verg. B. Transf., straying, wander- 
ing ; a vera ratione, Lucr. 

avooatio -onis, f. (avoeo), a calling away 
from; a cogitanda molestia, Cic. 

avdeo, \. to call away, or off. A. Lit., popu- 
lum abarmis, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to withdraw, 
remove, divert ; Socrates videtur primus a rebus 
occultis avocasse philosophfam, Cie. ; seneetus 
avoeat a rebus gerendis, Cic; 2, to relieve; 
luctum lusibus, Sen. 

avolo, 1. to fly away. . A. Lit., Cat. B. 



Transf., to hasten away; experiar ceite ut liihfl 
avolem ; so of the dying, liinc avolurc, Cic 

avunculus -i, m. (dim. of avus), a mother's 
brother, uncle (patruus, <( father's brother); mag- 
nus, a grandmother's brother, a great-uncle, Cie. 

avus -i, m. a grandfather, Cic. ; generally on 

ncestor, Hor. 

Axciius (dfevos, inhospitable), earlier name 
of the Pontits Euxinus, Ov. 

1. axis -is, m. (root AC, AC, whence ago, 
Gr. dfwe), an axle-tree. I. A. Lit., Verg. B. 
Meton., a chariot, waggon, Ov. II. Transf., A. 
the axis of the earth ; terra cireum axem se con- 
verts, Cie. B. Jleton., a, the north pole, Verg. ; 
b, the heavens; sub axe, in the open air, Verg, ; 
C, a part of the heavens ; boreus, the north, Ov. 
_ 2. axis (assis) -is, m. (root AC, whence 
aywp.1, dy/Aa), a board, jilank, Caes. 

Axona -ae, in. a river in Gallia Belgica, 
now the Aisne. 



Bb, the second letter of the Latin Alphabet, 
y corresponding with the Greek beta (/3). 

babae Q3afia.C, or nanai), an exclamation of 
astonishment or joy, wonderful! Plaut. 

Babylo -onis, in. a Babylonian; appell. = a 
nabob, Ter. 

Babylon -onis, f. (BaPuAior), a city of Asia on 
she Euphrates. Hence, A. Babylonia -ae, f. 
a tract of country extending between the Euphrates 
and the Tigris, of which the aforenamed city was 
the capital. B. Babylonicus -a -um, Baby- 
lonian ; Babylouicn peristromatn, embroidered 
tapestry, I'laut. C. Babylonius -a -um ; 
numeri, astrological calculations, for which the 
Babylonians (or more properly the Chaldeans) 
were noted, Hor. ; Babylonii, inhabitants of Baby- 
lon. D, Babylonicnsis -e, Babylonian 

bacca (baca) -ae, f. a berry. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
lauri baecae, Verg. B. Esp., the fruit of the olive ; 
bicolor bacca Minervae, Ov. II. Transf, A. 

any fruit of a round shape ; arborum baecae, Cic. 
B. anything of the shape of a berry, a pearl, Hor. 

baccar (bacchar) -m is, n. and baccaris 
-is, f. (fi&KKapts), the Valeriana Celtica of Lin- 
naeus ; also called nardum rusticuni, a plant 
which yielded akind of oil ; Celtic Valerian, Verg. 

baccatus -a -um, set with pearls, Verg. 

Baccha -ae, f. a Bacchante, Ov. ; Bacchis 
aliquem initiare, to initiate any one into the festi- 
val of Bacchus, Liv. 

Bacchanal -is, n. the place where the festival 
of Bacchus was held, Plant. ; plur. Bacchanalia, 
the (Greek) festival of Bacchus (not to be con- 
founded with the Roman feast of Liber), cele- 
brated at Rome every three years, and suppressed 
by a decree of the senate, B.C. 186 ; Bacchanalia 
vivere, poet., to live riotously or wantonly, Juv. 

bacchatio -onis, f. 1, the. celebration, of the 
Bacchanalia., P.Ang. ; 2, Bacchanxdian revelling, 
Cic. 

Bacclieius -a -um, belonging to Bacchus; 
dona, Verg. 

BaccheUS -a -um (BaKxeios), belonging to 
Bacchus; sacra, Ov. ; ululatus, of the Bacchan- 
tes, Ov. 

Bacchiadae -arum, m. (Bai<xitx&ai), the 
Bacchiadae, an ancient noble family of Corinth. 



BaO 



67 bar 



Bacchls -Idis, f. = Baccha. 
Bacchius -a -urn, belonging to Bacchus, 
nacia, Ov. 
bacchor, 1. dep. (Bacchus). I. Intransit., 

A. 1, to celebrate the festival of Bacchus, Plant. ; 
partic. Bacchantes = Bacchae, Ov. ; 2, to rage ; 
turn baccharis, turn furis, Cic. ; quanta in volup- 
tate bacehabere, Cic. B. to run about in a 
furious manner, to rave ; totam perurbem, Verg. ; 
of a fiery orator, eos furore ct bacchari' arbitra- 
retur, Cic. ; of prophetic inspiration, in antro, 
Verg. ; of lifeless objects, the wind, Hor. ; ru- 
mour, fama bacc'iatur per urbem, Verg. II. 
Transit., A. to raise the Bacchic cry; bacchari 
Evoe, Cut. B. Pass., of places, to be made the scene 
of Bacchic revels; bacchata jugis Naxos, Verg. ; 
virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta, Verg. 

Bacchus -i, m. (Ba*x°s)- A. the god of wine, 
son of Jupiter and Semele. B. Meton., I, 1 the 
■vine, Verg. ; 2, more frequently, wine, Verg. ; 
3, the Bacchic cry (Io Bacche); Baccho audito, 
Verg. 

baccifer -fera -ferum, 1, bearing berries, 
Sen. ; 2, bearing olive berries, Pallas, Ov. 

Bacenis -is, f. a forest in Germany, probably 
the west part of the Thuringian Forest. 

bacillum -i, n. (dim. of baculum), 1, a little 
staff, Cic. : 2, the lictor's staff, Cic. 

Bactra -orum n. (Baio-pa), the chief city of 
Bactria, now Balk; hence Bactri -orum, m. 
inhabitants of Bactria; Bactria -ae, f. Vie 
country _of the Bactri; Bactrianus -a -urn, 
Bactrinus -a -urn, Bactrian. 

baculum -i, n. and bacillus -i, m. (con- 
nected with pdKTpoi>, from j3dio, fla^u, to go), 
a stick, staff, Liv. ; a shepherd's staff, Ov. ; an 
augur's staff, Liv. ; a vMlking-stick, Liv. 

badisao, 1. (fiaSifa), to walk, march, Plaut. 

BaeblUS-a-um, adj., nameofaplebeianBoman 
gens, with the surnames Dives, Sulca, Tamphilus ; 
hence, lex Baebi • (de praetoribus creandis). 

Baecula ae, f. a town in Hisixmia Baetica. 

Baetis -is, m. a river in Sjxiin, the Guadal- 
quivir ; hence, Baetigena -ae, born on the 
Baetis ; Baeticdla -ae, living near the Baetis ; 
Baeticus -a -urn, relating to the Baetis; Baetica 
provincia, now A ndcdusia and a part of Granada ; 
Bactici -orum, m. inhabitants of Baetica ; 
Baeticatus -a -urn, clothed in Baetican wool, 
Mart. 

Bagous -i, m. and Bagoas -ae, m. (/3a- 
■yiu'as), a eunuch at the Persian court; hence any 
person set to guard women, Ov. 

Bagrada -ae, m. (BaypASas), a river near 
Carlliage. 

Bajae -arum, f. I. a town on the coast of 
Campania, a favourite resort of the Romans, cele- 
brated for its baths. II. Meton., any watering 
place, Cic. Adj., Bajanus -a -um, belonging 
to Bajae. 

bajulo, 1. (bajulus), to carry a burden, Plaut. 

bajulus -i, m. a porter, Plant., Cic. 

balaena -ae, f. (<£oA<ufa), a wliale, Ov. 

balanatus -a -um (balanus), anointed with 
balsam, embalmed, Pers. 

balanus -i, f. rarely m. (pd\avos), 1, on. 
acorn,, Plin. ; 2, any fruit of similar form, e.g. 
o kind of large chestnut, Plin. ; a date, Plin. ; 
a fruit, the Arabian behen-nut, from which an 
ointment was extracted, Hor. ; or the tree which 
produces it, usually called niyrobalanus, Plin. 

balatro -finis, m. a buffoon, jester, Hor. 

balatus -us, m. (balo), the bleating of sheep 
and, goats, Verg., Ov. 



balbe, adv. (balbus), in a stammering manner, 
Lucr. . ... 

1. balbus -a -um (connected with balare), 
stoni»iertnj7(opp. planus); quum (Demosthenes) 
ita balbus csset ut, etc., Cic. ; verba balba, Hor. 

2. Balbus -i, in. surname of the Altii, Corne- 
lii, etc. 

balbutio, 4. (balbus). I. Intransit., A to 
stammer, stutter, Cels. B. Transf., to speak ob- 
scurely ; desinant balbutire, aperteque et clara 
voce audeant dicere, Cic. II. Transit., to stam- 
mer or stutter out; ilium balbutit Scauruiu, Hor. 

Baleares -Turn, f. (BoAiapet?), iusulae, or 
absol., the Balearic Tslands, Majorca, Minorca; 
hence, adj., Balearls -e, Balearicus -a -um. 

balincura or balneum -i, n., ballnea 
or balnea -orum, n. ; heteroclite p}. balineae 
or balneae -arum (pa\avt?it>), a bath, bathing 
place, Cic. ; a balineo or a balineis, after bathing, 
Plin. 

Ballio -onis, m. a worthless fellow, from a 
character so named in the Pseudolus of Plautus, 
Cic. 

ballista (balista), -ae, f. (jSoAAw). A. a 
military engine for throwing large stones, Cic, 
Caes. B. Transf., the missiles throion, Plaut. 

ballistarium -i, n. = ballista (q.v.). 

balneae, v. balineum. 

balneariub -a -um (balneum), belonging to 
the bath; fur, lurking about baths, Cat. fcJubst., 
balnearia -Cu um, n. baths, bathing-rooms, Cic. 

balneator -Oris, m. (balneum), the keeper of 
a bath, Cic. 

balneolum -i, n. (dim. of balneum), a little 
bath, Cic. 

balneum, v. balineum. 

balo, 1. to bleat, Plaut. ; partic. balantes -lum 
and um, f. = oves, Verg. 

balsamum -i n. (j3aAaofio^), 1, the sweet- 
smelling gum of the bedsam-tree, Verg. ; 2, the 
tree itself, Tac. • '• 

balteus -i, m. (-um -i, n.), the girdle ; a, esp., 
as serving to hold a weapon ; sutilis, Verg. ; b, a 
woman's girdle, Mart. (balteidissyll.,Verg. 10,496). 

Bandusia -ae, f. a fountain near Venusia, 
the birthplace of Horace. 

Bantla -ae, f. (Batri'a), town of Apulia, near 
Venusia. Adj., Bantinus -a -um. 

Baptae -arum, m. (Bon-rat = baptists, from 
the rite of initiation), jwiesfs of the Thnician 
goddess Cotytto, Juv. 

baptisterium -i, n. 03o7m<rr>ipiov), a cold 
plunging bath, Plin. 

barathrum -i, n. (pdpaBpov), A. the abyss, 
the lower world, Plaut. ; barathro donare (to 
squander), Hor. B. Transf., barathrum niaselli 
(of a greedy man), the abyss of the -market, Hor. 

barathrus -i, m. (Bdpaflpo?), worthless fellow, 
Lucr. 

barba -ae, f. the beard. I. Lit. A. of men, 
promittere barbam, to let the beard grow, Liv. ; 
barbam tondere, Cic. ; barbam poncre, Hor. 
B. of animals, lupi, Hor. II. Transf., of plants, 
nucum, Plin. 

barbare, adv. (barbarus), 1, like a foreigner ; 
loqui, Cic. ; 2, cruelly, barbarously, laedere 
oscula, Hor. 

barbaria -ae, f. and barbaries, ace -em, 
abl. -e, f. (barbarus), I. a foreign country, as 
opposed to Greece and Rome ; a quo non solum 
Graecia ct Italia sed etiam omnis barbaries com- 
mota est, Cic. ; Persia, Cic. ; Phrygia, Hor. ; 
Gallia, Cic. ; Scythia and Britannia, Oiw. II. 
Meton., A. want of culture, rudeness, roughness; 



bar 



haee turba et barharies forensis, Cic ; so of 
mistakes in speech, nee cos aliqua barbariea 
domestica infuscavernt, Cic B. savageness ; in- 
veteratam quandam barbariam ex Ga'ditnuorum 
moribus discipline dclevit, Cic 

barbaricus, -a -urn, foreign, i.e., not Greek 
or Roman ; supellex, Liv. ; esp., eastern; aurum, 
\erg. ; ope barbarioa, Verg. ; raanus (of the 
Phrygian Briseis), Ov. 

barbarus -a -inn (j9ap|3apo<;). I. foreign, 

as opposed to Greek, Italian, Roman, ] ta 

(Naevius), Plant. ; used for Phrygian, carmen, 
Hor. ; for Persian, Nep. Subst., a foreigner, 
one strange to Greek or Roman life, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, intellectually uncultivated, rough ; 
homines barbari atque imperiti, Caes ; 2, 
■morally rough, savage; homines fcri ac barbari, 
Caes. 

barbatulus -a -urn (dim. of barbatus), with 

« slight beard ; juvenis, Cic. 

barbatus -a -um (barba), bearded. I. Of 
living beings. A. Of men ; 1, quos aut im- 
berbes aut bene barbatos videtis, Cic. ; si que in 
^electet barbatum, a man grown up, Hor. ; 2, 
«sp., a, of men of the old Roman time, when 
the beard was worn, unus aliquis ex barbatia 
lllis, Cic. ; b, barbatus magister, a philosopher, 
Pers. B. Of animals, hirculus, Cat. II. Transf. 
of plants, nux, Plin. 

barblger -gera, -gerum (barba and gero), 
wearing a beard, Lucr. 

barbitos -i, m. and f. (.9^/3,™?). A. the 

lyre, Hor B. Meton. , the song sung to the lyre, Ov. 

barbiila -ae, f. (dim. of barba), a little beard, 

Barcas -ae, m. (Bap™?, connected with 
Hebrew Barak, lightning), the. founder of the 
Barcine family of Carthage, to which belonged 
Hannibal and Hamilcar; hence, adj., Barclnus 
-a -um, Barcine. 

Barce -es, f. (Bap«oj), town in Cyrenaica; 
Barcael -orura, m. the inhabitants of Barce. 

Bardnel -orum, m. a people oflllyria. Adj., 
Bardalcus -a -um, calceus, a kind of soldier's 
boot, in jest = a centurion, Juv. 

bardocucullus -1, m. a Gallic overcoaLwith 
a hooil made of ivool, Mart. 

1. bardus -a -um (Ppa&vs), stupid, slow, dull, 

2. bardus -i, m. a bard, a poet among the 
Gauls, Lucan. 

Bargjfliae -arum, f. and Bargylia -orum, 
n. (BapyvAia), a town in Caria. Hence, a, Bar- 
gyietae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Eargyliae ; 
b, Bargylleticus -a -um, relating to Bargyliae. 

barls -Woe, f. a small Egyptian skiff, Prop. 

baritus v. barritus. 

Barium -Ii, n. (Bapiof), a port in Apulia, on 
the Adriatic. 

baro -onis, m. a blockhead, simpleton, Cic. 

barrio -ire (barrus), to roar (of elephants), 

barritUS -us, m. (barrio), 1, the roar of an 
ilephant; 2, the cry of the Germans, Tac. 

barrua -I, m. (an Indian word), the elephant, 
Hor. 

basoauda -ae, f. a basket, Mart, Juv. 

basiatio -5nis, f. (basio), kissing, a kiss, Cat. 

basiator -is, m. (basio), a kisser, .Mart. 

baslliee, adv. (basllicus), royally, splendidly, 

baailicus -a -um (Paat\iK&<;). I. Adj. royal, 
kingly, princely, Plaut. ; vitis, a kind oj 



°s bel 

Plin. II. Subst. A. basllicus -I, m. (so. 
jactus), the ben cast of the dice, Plaut. B. basil- 
ica -ae, f. (/WiAi<c>j sc. olicia. or o-Toa), c< basilica. 
the name nfa buVding (in Home and other towns) 
usually adorned wiUt a double row nf columns, and 
situated near the forum, used as a meeting-place 
of merchants and for tlie administration of justice; 
qui forum et basilicas non spoliis provincial umi 
Bed ornamentis amicoruin ornarent, Cic; hasili- 
cam habeo, non villain, frequentia Formianorum 
(of a much-frequented place), Cic C. basili- 
cum -i, n. a splendid dress, Plaut. 

basiliSCUS -i, m. (/3a<riA<(TK05), a kind of 
lizard, a basilisk, Plin. 

basio, 1. to kiss, Cat,, Mart. 

basis -is and eos, f. (Bdo-«;), 1, a pedestal, 
base; statuae, Cic. ; 2, foundation, wall; villac, 
Cic.j 3, mathemat. t.t., trianguli, base, Cic 

basium -ii, n. a kiss, either of the hand or 
lip, Cat. ; basia jactare, to throw kisses, Juv. 

Bassareus -ei, m. (Ba<r<rap<-v<;, from p a o-- 
o-apa, a fox-skin, as forming part of the clothing 
of the Bacchantes), a name of Bacchus, Hor.; 
hence, Bassaricus -a -um, adj., Fiop.; Bas- 
saris -idis, f. a Bacchante, Pers. 

Bastarnac and Basternae -arum, m. a 
German people near the mouth of the Danube. 

Batavia -ae, f. the peninsula Batavia, Hol- 
land;^ Batavi -orum, m. inhabitants of Batavia; 
Batavus -a -um, Batavian ; Batavoruin insula 
= Batavia, Tac. 

batillum (vatillum), -i, n. a chafing-dish, Hor. 

batiola -ae, f. a small drinking-vessel, Plin. 

battiio (batuo), 3. to beat, knock, Plaut. 

BattUS -i. m. (BaTroO, the founder of the 
African city Cyrene ; hence Battlades -ae, m. 
an inhabitant of Cyrene ; especially applied to 
the poet Callimachus, a native of^ vrene, Ov. 

baubor, 1. dep., to bark, Lucr. 

beate, adv. (beatus), happily ; bene et beate 
vivere, Cic 



beatitas -atis, f. (beatus), happiness, blessed- 
ness, Cic. 

beatitudo -Inis, f. (beatus), hopjnness, beati- 
tude, Cic. 

bcatulus -a -um (dim. of beatus), somewhat 
happy, Pers. 

beatus a -um, p. adj. (from beo), happy, 
blessed. I. Gen. 1, of persons, qui beatus est, 
non intelligo quid requirat, ut sit beatior; si 
est eniin quod desit, ne beatus quidem est, Cic ; 
agricolae parvo beati, happy on little means, Hor. ; 
2, of events or circumstances, beata mors, Cic. 
Xeut. subst., beatum -i. happiness, Cic II. 
Esp. A. wealthy, prosperous ; 1, of persons, qui se 
locupletes, honoratos, beatos putant, Cic. : 2, of 
states, Dionysius tyrannus opulentissimae et 
beatissimae civitatis, Cic. ; 3, of propertv, pos- 
sessions, gazae beatae Arabuin, Hor Bl beat- 
orum insulae, the islands of the blest, Cic.r 

Bebryces um, m.(BcppvK<:<;)jieopleinBithy- 
nia. Adj., Bebryclus -a -um, Bebrycian. 

Belgae -arum, m. the Belgae, a warlike people, 
of German and Celtic race, inhabiting the north of 
Gaul. Adj., Belglcus -a -mn, Belgic ; hence, 
Gallia Belgica, or simply Belgica, the country be- 
tween the Rhine, the Seine, the Marne, and the 
German Ocean. 

bellaria -orum, n. (bellus), dessert, including 
fruit, nuts, confectionery, sweet wine, Plant. 

boUator -oris, m. (bello), a warrior, Cic. ; 
used adj., warlike, courageous; deus, Mars, Verg.-, 
equus, Verg. ; also absol., a war-horse, Juv. 



bel 



<J9 



Ben 



bellatoriUS -a -um (bello), skilled in car- 
rying on war ; stilus, a 'pugnacious, controversial 
style, Plin. 

bellatrix -Icis, f. (bcllator), a female tvar- 
rior ; poet., adj., warlike; diva, Pallas, Ov. ; 
Roma, Ov. ; ira, Cic 

bellatulus -a -um (dim., jocosely formed 
from bellus), pretty, Plaut. 

belle, adv. (bellus), ft ncly, prettily, elegantly, 
neatly. I. Gen. scribere, Cic. ; dicere, Cic. ; 
negare, politely, Cic. ; bellissime navigarc, Cic. ; 
praediola belle aedificata, Cic. II. belle se 
habere, or esse, to be in good liealth, Cic. 

Bellerophon -ontis, in. (BeXA-epo^), or 
Bellerophontes -ae, m. (BeAAepo^ovji)!), the 
slayer of the Chimaera. Adj., Bellerophon- 
teus -a -um, equus, Pegasus, Prop. 

belllCOSUS -a -um (bellicus), warlike, belli- 
cose. A. gentes immanes et barbarae et bellicosae, 
Cic. B. Transf. , differre sibi consulatum in belli- 
cosiorem annum, a more warlike year, Liv. 

bellicus -a -um (bellum), relating to war. 
I. disciplina, Cic; virtus, Cic. Subst., belli- 
cuni -i, 11. the signal for the attack; a, bellicum 
canere, Cic; b, transf., to excite, Cic. II. Transf., 
1, vigorous, fiery (of style), alter (Thucydides) 
incitatior fertur et de bellicis rebus canit etiam 
quodammodo bellicum, Cic; 2, warlike; dea, 
Pallas, Ov. 

belliger -gera -ggrum (bellum and gero), 
ivarlike, fond of war ; poet., gentes, Ov. ; of in- 
animate thiugs, hasta, Mart. ; manus, Ov. 

belligero, 1. (bellum and gero), towage war; 
qui isti par in belligerando esse possit, Cic. 

bellipotens -entis (bellum and potens), 

mighty in war. Poet., subst. = Mais, Verg. 

bello, 1. (bellor, dep., Verg.). A. to wage 
war; cum aliquo, Cic ; ad versus aliquem, Nep. ; 
bellare bellum, Liv. B. Transf., to fight ; pictis 
armis, Verg. 

Bellona -ae f. (bellum), the goddess of war, 
Verg. 

Bellovaci -orum, m. a people in Gallia Bel- 
gica, near modern Beauvais. 
bellua, v. belua. 

bellulus -a -um (dim. of bellus), pretty, ele- 
gant, beautiful. 

bellum -i, n. (old form, duellum, a contest 
between two), war. I. Lit. domesticum, Cic. ; 
sociale, Liv. ; piraticum, Cic. ; civile, Cic. ; na- 
vale, Cic. ; terrestre, Liv. ; concitare, excitare, 
suscitare, Cic. ; movere, commovere, conflate, 
Cic. ; parare or comparare, Cic. ; in bellum 
incumbere, Caes. ; instruere, Cic. ; nuntiare, 
denuntiare, indicere, to declare war, Cic ; sus- 
cipere, Cic. ; indicare, Cic. ; alicui inferre, Cic. : 
inferre contra patriam, Cic ; prorogare, Cic. ; 
alere, Cic ; trahere, to prolong, Cic ; dueere, 
Caes. ; deponere, Cic ; componere, Cic. ; conft- 
cere, Cic. ; exstinguere, restinguere, delere, Cic ; 
renovare, Cic. ; impendet, Cic. ; oritur, Cic. ; 
renascitur, Cic. ; in bello, in time of war, Cic. ; 
locative, belli, in time of war, Cic. ; vel domi vel 
belli, Cic. II. Transf., a, tribunicium, contest, 
Liv. ; b, bellum indicere philosophis, Cic. III. 
Fig., contention, fight, Sail. 

bellus -a -um (contr. from benulus, dim. 
ofbenus, i.e., bonus), pretty, hamlsome, charm- 
ing, neat, agreeable; homo, Cic; epistola, Cic. ; 
locus, Cic. ; vultu et fronte, cheerful, Cic. ; cheer- 
ful from good health; fac bellus revertarc, Cic. 

belua -ao, f. (stein FE, whence fera and 6yjp), 
1, any very large animal, e.g. the elephant, lion, 
whale; quantum natura hominis pecudibus re- 
Jiquisque bcluis antecedat, Cic. ; belua fera et im- 



manis, Cic. ; esp. of the elephant, Ov. ; 2, as a 
term of reproach, monster, brute, beast; tactram 
et pestiferam beluam, Caes. 

beliiatus -a -um (belua), covered with figures 
of animals, of tapestry, Plin. 

beluosus -a -um (belua), full of monsters; 
Oceanus, Hor. 

Belus -i, m., Myth, an Asiatic king, founder 
of Babylon, father of Danaiis and Aegyptus ; hence, 
A. Bells -idis, f., gen. plur., Bolides -um, the 
grand-daughters of Belus, the Danaides, Ov. B. 
Belides -ae, m. Lynceus, son of Aegyptius, Ov. 

bene, adv. (from benus for bonus), comp. 
melius, superl. optime. I. well, rightly, honour- 
ably ; coenare, Hor. ; habitare, Nop. ; narrare, 
Cic ; promittere, Cic. ; polliceri, Sail. II, Par' 
ticular phrases. A. With verbs, 1, bene agere. 
to act fairly, Cic. ; 2, bene audire, cf. audio ; 3. 
bene dicere ; a, to speak well; bene dicere, i"\ 
est, Attice dicere, Cic ; b, to speak wordsofgood 
omen (ei><jir)nelv), Plaut. ; c, to speak well of r> 
person, to commend, Cic. ; absol., Hor. ; 4, beno 
facere ; a, to (to well, Cic. ; hence, bene facte- 
famous deeds ; b, med., to be of good effect, Cato ; 
C, bene facis, excellent, lam much obliged, Plaut. , 
d, to do good to, Cic, hence bene facta, benefit*, 
Plaut. ; 5, bene est or bene habet ; a, alicui, U 
is well with, Pompcio melius est factum, Pompeius 
is belter in health, Cic. ; b, it is well, I am pleased, 
Cic; si bene habet, bene agitur, Cic; 6, bene viv 
ere, to live well, i.e., a, luxuriously, Ter.;b, happi- 
ly, Cic; vivitur parvo bene, Hor.; 7, benevoeas, 
you are very kind (polite refusal), Plaut ; 8, bens 
vendere, to sell dear, Plaut. ; emere, to sell clieap* 
Plaut. B. As an exclamation, good, excellent, 
Cic. ; wituaec. and dat., good health to you, Plaut. 
III. With adj.. and adv., well, thoroughly, ben* 
robustus, Cic. ; bene penitus, Cic. ; bene mane, 
Cic 

benedlctum -i, n. (benedico), praise, Plaut. 

benefacio -feci, -factum, 3. v. bene. 

benefactum -i, n. v. bene. 

beneficentla -ae, f. (beneflcua), kindness, 
liberality, beneficence, Cic. 

benef iciarius -a -um (beneftcium), relating 
to a favour, Sen. Subst., benef Iciaril -orum, 

m. soldiers who by favour of their commanders were 
exempt from the severer military labours, as throw- 
ing up intreiiehments, fetching wood, water, etc- ; 
privileged soldiers, Caes. 

benef icium -H, n. (bene and facio), a ki+d 
ness, favour, benefit, service. I. Gen. alicui bene 
ficium dare, tribuere, Cic. ; in aliquem conferrg 
Cic; apud aliquem collocare, Cic; aliquem bens- 
ficio afficere, complecti, oruare, to do any one a ser. 
vice, Cic ; beneftcium accipere, to receive a kind- 
ness, Cic. ; beneftcium tueri, to be mindful of a ser- 
vice, Cic; in beneticio, Liv.; in beneflcii loco, 
benetlcii causa, per beneftcium, asakindness, ser- 
vice, Cic. ; beneficio tuo, by your kitidness, Cic. ; 
deorum beneticio, sortium beneficio, Caes. II. 
In political life. A. a favour, grant, distinction, 
promotipn; populi, favour of the people, Cic. ; cen- 
turiones sui benelicii, his creatures, Suet. ; quum 
suo magno beneficio esset, since lie owed much to 
his recommendation, Cic. ; used of military pro- 
motions, tribuni militum quae antea dictatorum 
fuerant benettcia, Liv. ; in beneticiis delatus est, 
among those recommended for promotion, Cic. B. 
privilege, exemption ; liberorum, exemption from 
the judicial office in consequence of having a speci- 
fied number of children, Suet. 

benef ious -a -um, comp. -entior, superl. 
-entissimus (bcnclicissinuis, Cat.), (bono aud 
facio), kind, generous, obliging, Cic, 

Beneyentum. -i, a. a town of \}\e ffirpini w» 



ben 



70 



bid 



Samnium, seat of a Roman colony (modern Bene- 
vtnto) ; hence, Boneventanus -a -urn, bclong- 
• Be neve nl am; in plnr. Bcncvcntanl 
-di urn, in. the people of Btneventuin. 

benevole, adv. (benevolus), benevolently, 
kindly, Cic, 

bcnevdlens -cnlis. A. Adj. well-wishing, 
benevolent, obliging, Plant. B. Subst., friend, 
patron, Plant., Ter. 

benevolentia -ne, f. (benevolcns), good-will, 
friendly disposition, kindness, friendship, benevo- 
lence ; alicui praestare, conferre, Cic. ; colligere, 
Caes. ; erga aliquem habere, conferre, Cic. 

benevolus -a -urn (comp. -entior, Buperl. 
-entissiiuus), (bene and vol"), kiwi, obliging; 
alicni, Cic. ; erga aliquem, Plant. ; servus bene- 
volua domino, a faithful slare, Cic. 

benigne, adv. (benignus), 1, kindly, obliging- 
ly, willingly; benigne respondere, Liv. ; benigne 
attenteqne andire, Cic. ; arma capere, Liv. ; be- 
uigne dicis, or absol., benigne, much obliged, a 
phraso used either in accepting or refusing an 
offer, Cic. ; 2, generously ; pecuniam praebere, 
Plant. ; benigne facerc alicui, to confer benefits on 
a person, Cic. 

benignitas -atis, f. (benignus), 1, kindness, 
mildness, Cic. ; 2, liberality, generosity, Cic. 

benigniter = benigne, q.v. 

benignus -a -urn, adj. with compar. and 
superb; (contr. from benigenus, from bonus and 
genus). I. kindly, friendly, mild, pleasing. A. 
homines beneflci et benigni, Cic. ; vultusbenigni, 
Liv. ; dies, fortunate, Stat. II. liberal, generous; 
A. crgaaliquein, Plant. ; alicui, Plaut., Hor. ; viiii 
soinnique benignus, indulging in wine and sleep, 
Hor. ; prodigal, Plaut. ; B'.ricTi, abundant; ager, 
Ov. ; daps, Hor. 

beo, 1. (connected with bonus, bonus), 1, to 
bless, make happy; beas or beasti, that pleases 
me, I'm glad of it, Ter.; 2, to make rich; aliquem 
raunore, Hor. 

Be'recyntus -i, m. a mountain of Plirygia, 
san-cd to Cybele; hence adj., Berecyntius -a 
■ma, mater, Cybele, Verg. ; hcros, Midas, son of 
Cybele, Ov. ; tibia, the flute used ut the festivals of 
Cybele, Hor. 

Berenice -es, f. (Bepf ««)), 1, queen ofpt ./■ my 
Euergeles, whose hair nw placed among the star.' as 
a constellation; 2, daughter of the Jewish king 

Agrippa I., mistress of Titus, 

Beroea -ae, f. (Be'poia) a town in Macedonia. 
Hence, Beroeaeus -i, m.., and Beroeensis 
-is, in. an inhabitant ofMeroea. 

beryllus -i, c. (JSij'puAAos). A. a beryl, a 
precious stone, of a sea-green colour, f, and in India, 
Juv. B. Meton,, a ring set with a beryl, Prop. 

Bcrytus -i, f. (rtijpuToO, an old Phoenician 
toon, afterwards a Roman colony, and under the 
empire seat of a law school, modern Beyrout. 
•Adj., Berytius -a -urn, and Bcrytcnsis -e. 

bes, bessis, m. (for be -is = binac partes assis), 
two-thirds (= eight nncinc) ot any whole composed 
of twelve parts. A. Lit., a, of a pound, eight 
ounces, Plin. ; b, of the as (as a coin), felius ex- 
triente. Id. Quint, factum erat bessibus, the 
interest was raised from one-third per cent, for the 
month to two-thirds per cent. — i.e., from 4 per 
cent, for the year to 8 per cent, Cic. B. Meton. 
— eight. Mart. 

bessalis -e (bes), containing the number 8. 

Bes3l -ornrn, m. (BeVcroi), a people in Thrace. 
Adj., Besslcus -a -um. 

Bessus -i, ni. satrap of Bactria, who murdered 
Vwius CiAfumqnw, 



bestia -ae, f. (from stem FE, whence belua 
and feia), an animal without reason (opp. homo), 
beast. A. Gen., bestiae mutae, Cic. ; mala bestia, 
as a term of reproach, Plaut. B. Particularly 
used of the animals exhibited in the amphi- 
theatre ; aliquem ad bestias mittere, to condemn 
to be devoured by the beasts of the amphitheatre, 
Cic. 

bcstiarius -a -um (bestia), belonging to 
animals; Indus, a fight with wild beasts at a 
show, Sen. Subst,, bestiarius -ii, 111. one who 
fought with wild beasts at the public shows, Cic. 

bestiola -ae, f. (dim. of bestia), a small aui- 
mal, Cic. 

1. beta -ae, f. ( ( vegetable, beet, Cic 

2. beta, indecl. Oijra), the beta, the second letter 
in the Greek alphabet ; sometimes used prov. for 
the. second, Mart. 

beto (baeto, bito), 3. to go, Plaut. 

Bias -ant is, m. (Bias), a philosopher ofPriene 
in Ionia, contemporary of Croesus ofLydia, one oj 
the so-called seven wise men of Greece. 

bibliopola -ne, m. (/3tjSAio7riJA7)s), o book- 
seller, Plin. 

bibliotheca -ae, f., and bibliothece -es, 

f. (/3i/3A(o07;io)), 1, a collection of books, a library; 
2, the place where books are kept, Cic. 

bibo, blbi, bibitiim, 3. I. Lit,, to drink (from 

natural desire) ; gemma, from a cup set withjetoels, 
Verg. ; sanguinem alieujus, tie. ; dare bibere, 
to give to drink, Cic. II. Particular phrases, 
a, aut bibat aut abeat (trans!, of Greek tj vldi. g 
aVifli), Cic. ; b, Graeco more, to drink to one, 
Cic. ; c, ad numerum, according to the number of 
years that a person wishes to lire, Ov. ; d, poet., 
bibero (lumen, to live on the banks of a river, 
Verg. ; Danuvium, to dwell on the banks of the 
Danube, Hor. II. A. Of tilings, to drink in, 
sat prata biberunt, Verg. ; hortus aquas Dibit, 
Ov. ; arens bibit, the rainbow draws up water, 
Verg, B. Of persons, fig., amorem, Verg. ; 
anre (of attentive listeners), to drink in, Hor. 

Bibracte -is, n. a ImoninGaul, capital of the 
Aedui on the modern Mount Beubray. 

Bibrax -actis, f. fortress of the Remi in Caul. 

blbulu.S -a -um (bibo), fond of drinking. I. 
Act,, fond of drinking ; 1, with genit., Falerni, 
Hor.; 2, of inanimate things, lapis, sandstone, 
Verg. ; lana, Ov. ; nubes, Ov. ; charta, blotting 
paper, Plin. II. Pass, drinkable, Falernuni, Hor. 

biceps -clpitis (bis and caput), having two 
heads, two-headed. A. Lit., pner, Cic. ; J amis, 
Ov. B. Foet., Parnassus, double-peaked, Ov. 

biclinium -i, n. (bis and kAutj), a dining sofa 
for the use oftioo persons, Plaut. 

bicolor -oris (bis and color), of two colours; 
equus, Verg. ; myrtus, Ov. 

bicorniger -gSri, m. (bis and corniger), two- 
homed, an epithet of Bacchus, Ov. 

bicornis -c (bis and cornu), two horned, Ov. ; 
poet., lima, the ?»•!« moon, Hor. ; furcae Incomes, 
two-pronged forks, Verg. ; Rhenus, with two 
mouths, Verg. 

bicorpor -oris (bis and corpus), having two 
bodies, Cic. poet. 

bidens -cutis (bis and dens), having two 
teeth; forfex, Verg.; ancora, Plin. Subst., a, 
m. a hoe with two crooked teeth for breaking clods, 
Verg.; b, f. an animal for sacrifice whose two 
rows of teeth icere complete, Verg., Ov. ; and csp., 
a sheep, Phaedr. 

bidental -alia, n. (bidens), a place struck with 
lightning, which was afterwards consecrated by the 
tacrifice of a sheep (bidens), and enclosed^ H.oy, 



Bid 



71 



bir 



Bidis -is, f. a town in Sicily, north-vest of 
Syracnse. Heuee, Bidinus -a -uin, belonging 
to Bidis. 

biduuin -i, ii. (bis and dies), the space of two 
days; in iis opcribus cousiliisque biduum con- 
suniitur, Caes. ; aliquem biduum cibo tectonic 
proliibcre, Cic. ; abl. biduo, in the course of two 
days, Cic. ; co biduo, in the course of these two days, 
Cic; biduo autsummum tridUO, in two days or 
three at the most, Cic. ; biduo post, two days after- 
wards, Caes.; biduo quo liaec gesta sunt, two 
days after this was done, Caes. ; bidui iter abesse, 
to be two days' march distant, Caes. ; so bidui 
by itself (iter understood), castra quae aberant 
bidui, Cic. 

bienmum -Ii, n. (bis and annus), a space of 
two years; biennio jam confecto fere, Cic; bi- 
ennium jam factum est postquam abii doino, 
it is 110x0 two years since I left home, Plant. ; 
ace, biennium, for the space of two years; bi- 
ennium provinciam obtinere, Cic. ; abl., biennio, 
with compar., biennio major natu Domitius, 
older by two years, Tac ; biennio proximo, in the 
course of two years, Tac. ; bienuio ante, two years 
before, Cic 

bifariam, adv. (ace. of bifarius, double), in 
two parts; distribuere, Cic; castra bifariam 
facta sunt, Liv. 

bifer -fera -ferum (bis and fero), of a tree, 
bearing fruit twice a year, Very. 

bif idus -a -um (bis and Undo), split into two 
parts, Ov. 

biforis -e (bis and foris); 1, having two 
doors, valves, or openings; valvae, Ov. ; 2, with 
two openings; ubi biforem dat tibia cantum, the 
changing deep and high notes of the flute, Verg. 
biformatus -a -um, Cic. poet., v. biformis. 
biformis -e (biformatus -a -um), of double 
form; Janus, Ov. ; vates, the poet turned into a 
swan, Hor. 

bifrons -frontis (bis and frons), with double 
forehead or countenance, epithet of Janus, Verg. 

bifurcus -a -um (bis and furca), liaving two 
prongs, or forks ; valli, Liv. ; ramus, Ov. 

bigae -arum, f. and P. Aug. biga -ae, f. 
(contr. from bijugae or bijuga), a pair of horses, 
Liv., Verg. 

: blgatUS -a -um (b'S ae )> stemmed with a pair 
of horses; argentum, Liv. Subst., blgati | 
-orum, in. sc nummi, silver denarii so marked. . • 
bljugis -e, v. bijugus. 
bijugus a- -um (bis and jugum), yoked tv: 
together; certamen, a race between two-horse 
chariots, Verg. Subst., bijugi -orum, m. a 
pair of lwrses, Verg. 

bilibra -ae, f. (bis and libra), a mass of two 
pounds weight, Liv. 

bilibris -e (bis and libra), 1, weighing two 
pounds; ottae, Pliu. ; 2, containing two pounds ; 
cornu, Hor. 

bilinguis -e (bis and lingua), having tiro 
tongues; a, speaking two languages; canusini 
more bilinguis, Hor.; b, double-tongued, trea- 
cherous, Verg. 

bills -is, f. gall, bile. I. Lit., Cic. ; suffnsa, 
jaundice, Plin. II. Fig., a, anger, displeasure; 
commovere, Cic. ; b, atra bilis (Gr. nekayxoKla), 
black bile— i.e., melancholy, Cic ; madness, Plant. 
bills -Icis (bis and licium), only ace. sing, 
bilicem found, having a double thread, Verg. 

bilustris -o (bis and lustrum), lasting ten 
years, Ov. 

bintaris -c (bis and marc), lying on two seas; 
Corinthus, Hor, ; Isthums, Ov, 



bimarltus, m. (bis aud maritus), (Ae hus- 
band of two wives, ap. Cic 

bimater -tii-s, in. (bis and mater), having 
two mothers; epithet of Bacchus, Ov. 

bimatus -us, m. (bimus), the age of two 
years (of plants and animals), Plin. 

bimombris -e (bis and membrum), having 
double members, half man, half animal ; forma, 
used of the Centaurs, Ov. ; biniembres, subst., 
Centaurs, Verg. 

bimestris -e (bis and mensi.s), lasting two 
months ; cousulatus, ap. Cic. ; porcus, <i pig 
two months old, Hor. ; stipendiuni, pay for two 
months, Liv. 

bimulus -a -um (dim. of bimus), two yean 
old, Cat., Suet. 

bimus -a -um (bis and annus), two years old; 
equus, Plin. ; vixbimum huncTiberium Caesarera, 
Veil. ; legio, a legion that luid served for two 
years, Cic. ; merum, Hor. ; nix, snow lying for two 
years, Ov. ; honor, office conferred for two years, 
Ov. ; sententia, a vote of the senate prolonging a 
governor's time to two years, ap. Cic. 

bini -ae -a (sing., binus -a -um, Lucr.), two 
by two, Lticr. ; 1, two apiece, sometimes simply 
two; uuicuique binos pedes assignare, two feet 
each, Cic. ; binos imperatores, two consuls a year, 
Sail. ; with substt, that are used only ill the 
plur., or that have a different meaning In the 
plur., two; bina castra, Cic. ; binae litterae, Cic. ; 
with other numerals, bina millia passuum, two 
miles, Quint. ; 2, of things that match, bo yes, 
a yoke of oxen, Plin. ; scyphi, a pair of goblets, 
Cic; neut. plur. subst., tindi in bina, to be cleft 
in twain, Lucr.; si bis bina quot essent didi- 
cisset, if he had learnt that twice two is four, 
Cic. - - 

bliioctium -Ii, n. (bis and nox), a space of 
two nights, Tac. 

binominis -e (bis and nomen), having two 
names; Ascmius (because also called lulus), 
Ov. ; Ister (because also called Danuvius), Ov. 

Bion -ouis, m. (BiW), a satirical philosopher, 
first of the Cyrenaic, then of the Stoic school; hence 
Bioncus -a -um, sermones, witty, caustic, Hor. 
bios -ii, m. (/3i'os, life, cf. eau de vie), a cele- 
brated Greek wine, Plin. 

bipalmis -c (bis and pahnus), two palms ot 
spans long or broad, Liv. 

bipartio, or bipertio (-ivi), -Itum, 4. (bis 
and partio), to divide into two parts, Cic. 

bipartito, adv., from partic. of bipartio, in 
two parts, in two ways; distribuere, Cic. ; iuferre 
signa, Caes. - 

bipatens -entis (bis and patens), doubly 
open; open in two directions; portis bipaten- 
tibus, Verg. 

bipedalls -e (bis and vedalis), two feet long, 
broad, thick, or high; trabes, Caes. 

bipennlfer -ffira -ferum, armed with a two- 
edged axe (bipeunis), Ov. 

bipennis -e (bis and penna), 1, having two 
wings, Plin. ; 2, transf., double-edged ; ferrmu, 
Verg. Subst., bipennis -is, f. (sc. secuns), a 
double-edged axe, Verg., Hor. 

bipes -edis (bis and pes), having two fed, 
MpeiCCic, Verg. Subst. plur., used contemp- 
tuously, men; omnium non bi pedum solum, sed 
etiam quadrupeduin impurissimus, Cic. 

biremis -c (bis and romus). I. two-oared, 
Liv. Subst., biremis -is, f. a s);lff with two 
oars, Lucan. II. with two banks of oars; used 
only as subst., B sMP With (W &<W*fa of wr$, 

Oiy. 



bis 



72 



Bol 



bis, adv. twice, in two ways; bisterque, Cic. ; 
bis t'Tvo, Cic. ; twice or thrice; bis die, Cic. ; bis 
consul, a man who has been consul twice (iternm 
consul, a man who is consul for the second time), 
Cic. ; bis tanto or tantum, twice as great, Plaut. ; 
with distributive numerals, bis bina, Cic. ; with 
cardinal numerals, only in poet., bis quinque viri 

!tlie decern viri), Hor. ; prov., bis ad eundein 
3C. lapidem offendere), to make the same mistake 
tirice, Cic. 

Bistones -rnn, m. (BiVtoit?), the Bistones, 
a Thracian people settled not far from Abdera; 
used poet, for Thracians; hence adj., Bisto- 
ntus -a -um, Bistonian or Thracian ; tyrannus, 
Diomedes, Ov. ; chelys, the lyre of Orpheus, Claud.; 
turbo, violent north wind, Lucan ; Minerva, 
goddess of the warlike Thracia)is, Ov. Subst., 
Bistdnia -ae, f. Thrace ; Bistdnis -Idis, f. a 
Thracian woman = Bacchante, Hor. ; ales, ProcHi, 
wife of the Thracian king Tereus, Sen. poet. 

bisulcls -e (bis and sulcus), cloven. A. bi- 
sulci lingua (anguis), Pac. B. Meton., adouble- 
tongued person, a hypocrite, Plaut. 

blsulCUS -a -um (bis and sulcus), split into 
two parts ; lingua, forked, Ov. ; uugula, cloven 
hoof, Plin. ; pes, Lucr., Plin. Subst, blsulca 
-orum, n. animals with cloven hoofs (opp. soli- 
pedes), Plin. . 

Bithynla -ac, f. a country of Asia Minor, 
between the sea of Marmora and the Black Sea; 
hence adj., Bitbynlcus -a -um, surname of 
Pompeius, conqueror of the Bilhynians, and of 
his son, Cic. ; Bithynius -a -uni ; Bithynus 
-a_-um_, liilhynian; Blthynii -orum, m., Plin. ; 
Bithyni -Orum, m. the Bithynians, Tac. ; BI- 
thyais -idis, f. a Bithynian woman, Ov. 

bitumen -Inis, n. asphaltwm, l.i<--:en, Verg., 
Ov. 

bituminous -a -um (bitumen), bituminous, 
Ov. 

^ Bltiirlges -um, m. ft people of Aguitanian 
Gaul, near the modern town Bourges, Caes. 

bivlum -li, n. a place where two roads meet, 
Verg. ; in bivio distineri, to be distracted by a 
love for two persons, Ov. 

blvlus -a -um, having two u<ays or passages, 
Verg. 

blaesus -a -um (/3A<u<tos), lisping, indistinct; 
lingua, Bonus, Ov. ; used of the talk of a parrot, 
Ov. Subst, madidi et blaesi, drunken men, Juv. 

blende, adv. (blandus), caressingly, softly, 
tenderly, flatteringly ; rogare, Cic. ; blandissimc 
appellare liominem, Cic. 

blandldlcus -a -um (blande and dico), flat- 
teringly, Plaut. 

blandiloquentulus -a -um, talking flat- 
teringly, Plaut. 

blandiloquus -a -um (blande and loquor), 
flattering, fair-spoken, Plaut. 

blandimentnm-i,u.(blandior). 1. flattery; 
usually plur., blandimentis corrumpere, Cic; 
blandimenta inuliebria, Tac. II. 1, whatever 
pleases the senses, an allurement; sine blandi- 
mentis expellunt famem, without sauces, deli- 
cacies, Tac ; 2, carefid tending, of a plant, Tim. 

blandior, 4. dep. to flatter, caress, coax. A. 
Lit, governing the dative, milii et per se et per 
PompeiumblanYlitur Appius, Cic. ; Hannibalem 
puoriliter blandientem patri Hauiilcari, ut 
daceretur in Hisiianiam, Liv, ; auribus, to tickle 
the rnrj, Plin. ; sihi, to deceive oneself, Sen. ; vol is 
meis, to delude oneself into believing what one 
wishes, Ov. B. Transf., of things, blandiebatur 

COeptiatorUmn, fnrt»nrfa.w>vrrd l t is undrrtnl-ivgs, 

Tac. ; voluptas sensibus Wanditur, Cic. ; blan- 



dientc inertia, idlevess pleasing him, Tac. Hence 
past. partic.,blandltus-a-u'm,cAa)-wi)t{7, Prop. 

blandlter = blande (q.v.). 

blandltia -ae, f. (blandus), ft caress, flattery, 
used in both a good and a bad and not always 
in an invidious sense, as assentatio, and adulatio. 
A. Lit., popularis, Cic. ; plur. benevolentiam 
civium blanditiis et assentando colligere, Cic ; 
adhibcre, Ov. ; muliebros, Liv. B. that which is 
alluring or attractive; blanditiae praesentium 
voluptatum, Cic. 

blandltles -ei, f.= blanditia (q.v.). 

blandus -a -um, flattering, fondling, caress- 
ing ; 1, blandum amicum a vero secernere, Cic; 
voluptates, blandissimae dominae, Cic ; with 
dat, blandiorcs alienis quain vestris, Liv. ; 2, 
of tilings, enticing, alluring, tempting; litterae, 
( ic, ; soni, Ov. ; oculi, Plin. ; otium consnetn- 
dine in dies blandius, ease becoming by habit 
evury day more attractive, Liv. 

blatero, 1. to chatter, babble, Hor. 

blatio, 4. to talk idly, babble ; nugas, Plaut. 

blatta -ae. f. a cockroach, chafer of uncertain 
species, Verg., Hor. 

blennus -i, m. (p\cvi6s), a stupid fellow, 
Plant 

blltutn -i, n. 03Ai'ro>'), a tasteless herb used in 
salail. Plant. ; hence adj., bllteus a- um, in- 
sipid, silly, Plant. 

boarius, and bovarms -a -urn (bos), relating 
to oxen; forum, the cattle market, Liv. 

Boccar -iris m. a king of Mauritania at the 
time of the second Punic war ; hence = an Afri- 
can, Juv. 

Bocchus -i, 1, king of Mauritania, thefriend 
and afterwards the betrayer of Jugurtha ; 2, ft 
plant named after him, Verg. 

Boebe -es, f. (Bm'/3>;), a lake in Thessaly and 
also a place on its shores; hence Boebeis -Idis 
and Idos, f. the lake Boebe. Adj., Bocbcius 
-a uin. 

boootarches -ae, in. (BoKoTapxi?), the high- 
est magistrate of Boeotia, Liv. 

Boeoti -orum, in. (Boiwtoi), and Boeotil 
-Oram, m. the inhabitants of Boeotia, proverbial 
for their dulness ; hence Boeotia -ae, f. a coun- 
try in Greece, north-west of Attica ; BdeotlcUS 
-a -ujn, Boeotian; Boeotis -idis, f. Boeotia! 
BoeotlUS_ -a -um, Boeotian ; mocnia, Thebes, 
Ov. ; Boeotus -a -um, Boeotian. 

Boethlus -li, m. (Anicius Manlius Torqua- 
tus Sevcrus), n distinguished Roman philosopher 
and theologian of the post-classical period; be- 
headed in prison (where he wrote his most cele- 
brated work, Le Consolatione Philosophiae Libri 
v.) 524 a.d. 

Bogud -Qdis, m. son of Bocchus and king of 
Mauritania Tingilana, ally of Caesar and after- 
wards of Antonius, taken prisoner by Agiippa 
and executed (B.C. 31). 

b8jae -arum, f., plur., a species of collar, of 
wood or iron, for slaves and criminals, Plaut. 

B6J1 (Boll), and Bol -orum, m. a Celtic 
people, settled partly in north Italy, partly in cen- 
tum Germany, partly in, cent_ral Gaul. Sing., Bolus 
■i, m. one of the Boii; Boia, -ae, f. a woman oj 
the Boii; hence, a, Boia -ae, f. the country 
of the Uoii; b, Boiohaemum -i, n. (Germ. 
Boienheim), the land of the Boii (hence modern 
Bohemia). 

Boia -ae, f. a town of ti<e Aequi iiiLatium, 
now Lugnano. Hence Bolanus -a -um, re- 
fling to Boia. 

Bolbihno -ts, f. (BoA/3itii<>j), town in lfpi(>iT 



boi 



73 



bra 



Egypt, now Rose.tta; hence Bolbitmus -a -urn, 
o/Bolbitine; ostium, the Rosetta mouth of the Nile, 
Plin. 

boletus -i, m. (/SwAi'rjjs), the best kind of 
mushroom, Plin. 

bolus -i, in. (/3o\os), a throw (classical jactus) ; 
1, of dice, Plaut. ; 2, of a fishing net, anil hence 
a, what is caught at one throw; bolum emere, 
Suet.; b, fig., a good havl, gain; is primus 
bolu 'st, Plaut. ; bolo tangere, or mnltare, or 
emungcre aliquem, to cheat a man of his game, 
Plaut. 

bombax, interj. (j3d/ij3af), an exclamation 
of ironical astonishment ; is it possible ? Plaut. 

bombycinus -a -uni (bombyx), silken, Plin. 
Plur. subst., bombyoina -orum, n. silken gar- 
ments, Mart. 

bombyx -ycis, m. and f. (/3dn/3uf). I. the 
silkworm, Plin. II. silk, silk-shiff, Prop. 

Bona Dea, the good goddess, the deity of 
fertility, worshipped by the Roman women. 

bonitas -atis, f. (bonus), goodness, excellence. 
I. Of material things, agrorum, praediorum, 
vocis, Cic. II. A. Of abstract things, naturae 
bonitate, Cic. ; bonitas et aequitas causae, Cic. ; 
bonitas verborum, Cic. B. Of character, good- 
ness, kindness, integrity; bonitas et benelicentia, 
Cic. ; facit parentes bonitas (parental love), non 
necessitas, Phaedr. ; with in or erga followed by 
the ace, bonitas in suos, Cic; diviua bonitate 
erga homines, Cic. 

Sonoma -ae, f. (Boviavia), 1, a town in Cis- 
alpineGaul (now Bologna) ; hence adj. Bononi- 
ensis -e ; 2, a port in Gallia Belgica (now 
Boulogne); 3, a town, on the Danube (now 
Banostor). 

bonum -i, n. good, material or moral ; 1, 
material, generally plural, bona -orum, pro- 
perty ; bona fortunaeque, Cic; bonoruin om- 
nium heres, sole heir, Liv. ; esse in bonis, to be 
in possession, Cic. ; 2, moral, bonum mentis est 
virtus, Cic. ; suinmuin bonum, the supreme good 
(fn philosoph. sense), Cic. ; bona pacis, the bless- 
ings of peace, Tac. ; bonum naturale, inborn 
talent, Cic. ; 3, profit, advantage; bonuin pub- 
licum, the common lueal, Liv. ; bono esse alicui, 
to profit one, Cic. ; cui bono fuisset, for whose 
advantage, Cic. 

bonus -a -urn (old form, duonus), compar. 
mclior -ius, gen. -oris, superl. optimus -a -urn 
(from opto), good. I. Physically and mentally, 
1, good in itself; nummi boni, genuine coin, 
Cic. ; bona voce, Plaut. ; dicta, good things — 
jests, Enn. ; bona indole, Cic; esp., a, beauti- 
ful ; forma bona, Ter. ; cervix, Suet. ; b, of good 
birth; bono genere natus, Cic; c, able, clever; 
imperator, Cic; poeta, Cic. ; jaculo, goodat hurl- 
ing the javelin, Verg. ; hence, subst., boni, able 
men, Cic ; d, in war, brave ; vir pace belloque 
bonus, Liv. ; bonus militia, Sail. ; 2, good as 
regards the sensations, position, etc.; a, phy- 
sically, of health, valetudo bona, Cic. ; mens 
bona, Liv.; bono animo, of good courage, Cic ; b, 
of physical qnalities.color, good complexion, Lucr. ; 
aetas bona, youth, Cic. ; of the weather, bona 
tempestas, Cic. ; c, pleasant to the senses ; bonae 
res, good things, delicacies, Nep. ; d, of news, 
bona fama, good news, Cic. ; e, of human 
actions, etc., bonum exemplum, Tac ;navigatio, 
a good voyage, Cic. ; mors, a happy death, Plin. ; 
bona gratia, in all kindness, Cic. ; bona venia, 
with your permission, Cic. ; bonae res, good 
fortune, Cic. ; in bonam partem accipere, to 
take in good part, Cic. ; f, of time, lucky (poet.); 
dies, Verg. ; g, of good omen, auspicium, Cic. ; 
bona verba, auspicious words, Ov. ; quod bonum 
fellx faus! unique sit, Cic. ; 8, good, with regard 

3* 



to some object ; aetas tironum plerumque 
melior, Cic; with ad, ad proelium boni, Tac.; 
with dat., civitatibus suis, Cic. ; optimum factu, 
Cic. ; 4, as regards number or quantity, bona 
pars hominum, Hor. ; bonam partem serinouis, 
Cic. II. Morally, honest, faithful. A. Gen., 
viri boni est misereri, Cic. ; often ironical, 
homines optimi, Cic. ; bona atque honesta anii- 
citia, Cic. ; in vocative, as a familiar greeting, 
O bone 1 my good fellow, Hor. B. Esp. a, with 
regard to the state, patriotic, loyal; bonus et 
fortis civis, Cic. ; and often in Cic. and Hall, 
boni = conservatives, the supporters of the existing 
system; b,cliaste; femina, Cic. ; c, kind; bonus 
atque beuignu*, Hor. ; di boni, gracious gods ! 
Cic. ; with dat., tuis, Verg. ; with in and the 
ace, in me, Cic. ; d, name of Juppiter, Optimus 
Maximus, Cic. 

boo, 1. 03oo«), to shout, roar ; of places, to 
echo ; redde meum ! toto voce boante foro, Ov. 

Bootes -ae and -is, m. (/3<xoT»jy, the ox-driver), 
a constellation in the nortliern hemisjihere, also 
called Arctophylax. 

Boreas -ae, m. (Bope'as). A. the north wind, 
Verg. (Class. Lat. aquilo). B. Meton., the north, 
Hor. B. Mythol., the husband of Orithyia, and 
father of Calais and Zetes; hence adj., Boreus 
-a -uni, northern. 

boria -ae, f. o kind of jasper, Plin. 

Borysthenes -is, m. (Bopua-fleV)]?), a large 
river in Sarrnatia (now the Dnieper) ; hence 
Borysthenidae or -itae -arum, m. dwellers on 
the Borysthenes ; Borysthenis -idis, f. a Greek 
colony on t)ie Borysthenes ; Bdrysthenlus -a 
-urn, belonging to the Borysthenes. 

bos, b6vis, c. (povs), 1, ox, bullock, cow, Cic, 
Liv. ; bos Lues, an elephant, Lucr. ; prow bovi 
clitellas imponere, to saddle an ox, i.e. to impose 
on any one an office for which he is not fit, ap. 
Cic. ; 2, a kind of flatfish, Ov. 

Bosporus (Bosphorns), -i, m. (Bdo-wopos), 1, 

Bosporus Thracius, the straits between Thrace ami 
Asia Minor (now the Straits of Constantinople) : 
2, Bosporus Cimmerius, off the Crimea (now the 
Straits ofYenikale); hence a, adj., Bosporan- 
US -a um, belonging to the Bosphorus ; subst. a 
dweller on the Bosphorus ; b, BosporiUS and 
Bosporeus -a -uni, belonging to the Bosphorus. 

Bostra -ae, f. capital of the Roman province 
of Arabia (the Bozrah of the Bible); hence Bos- 
trenus -a -um, of or belonging to Bostra. 

Bottiaea -ae, f. (Bori-taia), a district of Mace- 
donia; hence Bottiaei -orum, in. the inhabi- 
tants of the district, 

Bdvianum -i, n. (BoinWoi'), town in Sam- 
nium (now Bojano); hence adj., Bovianius 
-a -um. 

bovile = bubile (q.v.). 

Bovillae -arum, f. 1, town in Latium, not 
far from Rome, near which Clodius was murdered 
by Milo ; hence adj., Bovillanus -a -um, 
pugna (with a play on the word bovillns), the 
murder of Clodius, Cic. ; 2, town, in the district of 
Arpinum. 

bovillns -a -um (bos), an old form of bubu- 
lus, relating to oxen ; grex, ap. Liv. 

brabeuta -ae, m. (/3pa0evT>is}, « judge, um- 
pire in the public games, Suet. 

bracae (braccae) -arum, f. pi. (sing, once 
in Ov.), breeches, trousers, hose ; originally worn 
by Persians, Gauls, and Germans, Tac, Ov. 

bracatus (braooatus) -a -um (bracae). I. 
Lit., wearing breeches. II. Transf., A. foreign, 
barbarian, effeminate; natio, Cic. B. Asgeograph, 



bra 



74 



Bru 



name = transalpine, Gallia liracata, Gaul on 
the north si<l< of the Alp*, thr old name of Gallia 
XarbonensU, Plin, ; cognatio bracata, kindred 
with people of Transalpine Gaul, Cic. 

braces, ace. -cm, f. a kind of corn, Plin. 

brachialis -e (brachium), belonging to the 
arm, Plant 

bracbiolum -i, n. (dim. of bracliium), a 
sm'tll delicate arm, Cat. 

brachium -ii, n. (fipa\iv>v). I. the arm from 
the elbow to the wrist (lacertus = the fore-arm); 
brachia et lacerti, Ov. II. Gen., tlie whole arm. 
A. Lit., brachium frangere, Cic. ; din jactato 

bracliio scutum emittere, Cacs. ; dare collo 
braciiia, to embrace, Verg. ; as used in speaking, 
porrcctio hrachii, Cic. ; in dancing, brachia 
nnmeria movere, Ov. ; prow, esp., brachia sua 
praebere scaler!, to assist in a crime, Ov. ; levi 
brachio agere, to act ■without energy, Cic. ; molli 
brachio objurgare, to upbraid lightly, Cic. ; diri- 
gere brachia contra torrentem, to swim against 
the stream, Juv. B. Transf., 1, the limbs of 
animals, the claw of a crab, 0\\; the thigh of 
an elephant, Plin.; the leg of a lion, Plin.; the 
claio of the nautilus, Plin. ; used of the sign 
Cancer, Ov. , and Scorpio, Verg. ; 2, of things 
resembling the arm, tlie. branch of a tree, Verg.; 
arm of the sea, Ov. ; the spur of a. mountain chain, 
Plin.; the yard of a sail = antenna, Verg.; an 
outwork connecting two points of a fortification, 
Liv. ; the long walls •vnnecting Athens with the 
Piraeus, Liv. 

bractea (brattga) -ae, f. a thin plate' of metal, 
gold leaf, Lucr., Verg., Ov. 

bracteatUS -a -urn. A. Lit. covered with 
gold leaf. B. Transf. 1, gilt, glittering like gold, 
magnificent ; 2, glittering, unreal, delusive; feli- 
citas.Sen. 

bractcola -ae, f. (dim. of bractea), a little 

leaf of gold, .Juv. 

Bronchus ->, m, (Hpayvos), a Greek to whom 
AyUlo gave the gift if prophecy; hence Bran- 
chldae -arum, in, (Hpayyi'im). descendants of 

Jtronchus, the hereditary caste of priests at the 
temple if Apollo at Dulyma, near Miletus. 

brassica -ae, f. cabbage, Plant. 

Bratuspantium -ii, n. touin in Gallia Bel- 
(jiia, now ruins of Jlrafuspante, near Breteuil. 

Brennus -i, m. (BpfVi/o?), 1, leafier of the 
fienonian Gauls who took and burned Home, b.c 
389 ; 2, leader of a Gallic horde who invaded 
Greece. Adj. Brennicus a -um. 

breViariUB -a -um (brevis), abridged. Subst. , 
br~ : uni -i, n. short summary, report, epl- 

t . -,'trii, statistical report, Suet. 

brevlculus -a -tun (dim. of brevis), some- 
what short or little, Plant. 

brcviloquens -entis (brevis and loqnor), 
brief in speech, Cic. 

breviloqucntia -ae, f. (breviloquens), 

brevity if speech, Cic. 

brevis -e (fipa\v';). A. In regard to space, 
1, as to length anil breadth (npp to longus, 
latus), short; via, Verg. ; in breve cogere, to con- 
trol! .'„(., a small s/mce, Jlor. ; 2, as to height 
(opp. t<> longus, nltua, procerus), .judex brcvior 
ouam testis, of shorter stature, Cic. ; 3, as to 
ilepth (opp. to profundus), shallow ; brevia rata, 
Verg. subst., brevia -ium, n. shallows, Verg., 
Tac., and sing., a shoal, Tac. B. In regard to 
time(opp. to longus), 1, short ; ad breve tempos, 
Cic. ; brevipost, shortly afterwards, Liv. ; brevi, 
for a little time, Ov. ; 2, of short duration; 
vitee curriculum, Cic. ; rosa, flos, lilium, bloom- 
ing only for a short time, Ilor. ; breves populi 



Roman! amores, short-lived, Tac. ; 3, oftheqiwn- 
tity of syllables, short ; syllaba, Cic. ; 4, of dis- 
course or writing, short, concise; breves litterao 
tuae, Cic. ; brevis narratio, Cic. ; brevi, in a few 
fords, Cic; breve faciam, / will make it shoit, 
Cic. ; in breve cogere, to shorten, Cic. ; so meton. 
of persons, quum se breves putcnt esse, longis- 
simi Bint, Cic. ; brevis esse laboro, Ilor. 

brevitas -Stis, f. (brevis), shortnes}. I. 

Of space, I, in regard to length or breadth, 
spatii, Cacs.; 2, of height, brevitas nostra, Ottr 
short stature, Cacs. II. Of time, A. Lit., tem- 
poris, diei, Cic. B. Transf., a, of the quantity 
of syllables, syllabarnm, Cic; b, of speech and 
writing, brevity, conciseness; litte'rarxun, Cic. ; ora- 
tionis, Cic. ; brevi tati scrvire, to study brcr'*'i, Cic, 

brevitcr, adv. (brevis). shortly. I. of space, 
Til). II. Transf., a, of Die quantity of sylla, 
bles, Cic. ; b, of conciseness in speaking or 
writing, briefly ; rem breviter narrare, Cic. 

Briareus -8i, m. (Bpiapei!?), also called Ae- 
gaeon, son of Uranus, a giant with a hundred 
arms and fifty heads; centumgeniinus, Verg. 
Hence Briareius -a -um. 

Brigantes -um, m. a tribe in the -north of 
Britain, in Northumberland or Cumberland ; 
henee adj., Briganticus -a -um, surname of 
Julius, nephew of Civilis. 

Brigantia -ae, f. (own of the Vindelici on 
the lake ofjOonstance (now Bregcnz); hence adj., 
Brigantinus -a -um, Briganline. 

Brimo -us, f. (Bptp.w), the terrible one, epithet 
of Hecate, used of Proserpina, Prop. 

Britannia -ae, f. and plur. Britanniae 
-arum, used both of Great Britain and the British 
Isles; hence adj., 1, Britannicus -a -um, 
lierba, the plant water-dock, Plin. ; 2, Britan- 
nus -a -um, and subst., Britannus -i, m, a 
Briton, Hor. ; plur. Britanni -ornm, m. the 
Britons, Caes. ; Brito -onis, m. a Briton, Juv. ; 
a Breton, poet, for n Gaul, Mart. 

Britannicus -i, in. the sun of Claudius and 
Messalina, burn in 42, so called from his father's 
pretended victories in Britain. He was «pt 
aside from the succession in favour of Nero, the 
son of his step-mother Agrippina, and murdered 
after Nero became Rmperor. 

Britomartis -is, f. (Bpn-o/xapTc?), a Cretan 
deity, afterwards identified with Diana. 

Brixia -ae, f. town in Cisalpine Gaul (now 
Brescia), the mother-city of Verona. Hence adj., 
Brixianus a -um. of or relating to Brixia. 

brocchitas -atis, f. projection of the teeth in 
on ii, mis, Plin. 

brocchus, (brochus, bronchus), projecting 
(of teeth); of men and animals, having projecting 
teeth, Plant. 

BromiUS -ii, m. (Bpo/iios, the. noisy), a sur- 
name of Bacchus, Plant., Ov. 

Bructerl -orum, m. a people of North Ger- 
many. 

bruma -ae, f. (for brevma, contracted from 
brevissima, sc. dies), the time of the shortest day 
of the year, the. winter solstice. I. Lit., ante 
brumani, Cic. ; sub bruma, Caes. II. Poet., 
, wintry cold ; bruma recurrit ineis, Hor. ; 
III. Meton., the year, Mart. 

brumalis -c (bruma), 1, relating to the 
shortest /lay ; dies,Cic. ; signum, Capricorn, Cic. ; 
2, wintry ; horae, Ov. ; frigus, Verg. 

Brundisium -i, n. a town in Calabria, with 
an excellent harbour, the port most used by the 
Romans for journeys to Greece and the East 
(now Brindisi); hence adj., Brundisinus a 
-um, Brundisian. 



Bru 



75 



Bruttii (Brutli, Brittli) -orum, m. the 

Brultii, tlie inhabitants of the southern extremity 
of Italy (now Calabria Ulteriore); hence adj., 
Bruttfus -a -um, Bruttian. 

1. brutus -a -um (connected with jSapu'i and 
PplBCs), 1, heavy, immoveable ; pondus, Lucr. ; 
2, dull, insensible, without feeling or reason; 
aliorum brutorum qui se cautos ac sapientcs 
pntant, Cic. 

2. Brutus -i, m. a cognomen of the Roman 
Gens Junta. 1, L. Junius Brutus, relative of 
Tarquinius Superbus, feigned idiocy, freed Rome 
from the kingly power, B.C. 509. 2, M. Junius 
Brutus, nephew of Calo Uticensis, one of the 
murderers of Julius Caesar, intimate friend of 
Cicero, philosopher and orator. 3, D. Junius 
Bjutns, fellow conspirator with 2. Adj., Bru- 
tinus -a -um, belonging to (M. Junius) Brutus; 
consilia Brutina, Cic. 

Bubastis -is, f. (Boii/3ao-Tis)> an Egyptian 
goddess, represented with the head of a cat. 

bubile -is, n. (bos), an ox-stall, Plaut. 

bubo -onis, in. (/Sv'us, fiv£a), the screech owl, 
Verg. 
bubulcitor, 1. dep./aud bubulcito, 1. to 

be a cow-herd, Plaut. 

bubulcus -i, m. (bos), one who ploughs with 
oxen, Cic. 

bubulUS -a -um (b° s )> relating to cows or 
oxen; caro, Plin. Subst., bubula -ae, f. (sc. 
caro), beef, Plaut. 

bucaeda -ae, m. (bos and caedo), one who 
has been beaten with thongs of ox hide, Plaut. 

bucca -ae, f. the cheek; esp. when puffed 
out. I. Lit., buccas inflare, to swell with rage, 
Hor. ; prov., quod in buccam venerit, scribito, 
whatever comes into your mouth, Cic. II. Meton., 
1, a declaimer, bawler, Juv. ; 2, one who fills his 
■mouth very full, a parasite, Petr. ; 3, « mouthful, 
Mart. ; 4, a person, with swollen cheeks (of a 
trumpeter), Juv. 

buccella -ae, f. (dim. of bucca), a little 
mouthful, Mart. 

buccina, buccinator, etc., v. bucina»etc. 

bucco -onis, m. (bucca), a babbling foolish 
fellow, Plaut. 

buccula -ae, f. (dim. of bucca) ; 1, the cheek, 
jaw, Plaut. ; 2, the beaver, the visor, the part of 
a helmet which covers the cheeks, Liv. 

bucculentus -a -um (bucca), puffy-cheeked, 
Plaut. 

Bucephalas -ae, ace. -an, and -us -i, m. 
(Macedonian Bovxe^aAas, Gr. Bovice<l>a\os), tlie 
horse of Alexander the Great. Bucephala -ae, 
f. and Bucephale -es, f. (Bovice<pd\r)), a town 
founded in its honour on the Hydaspes. 

bucerds -on, and bucerius -a -um, Lucr. 
(jSou'K£pu>s), having ox's horns, Ov. 

bucina -ae, f. (from the sound bu and cano, 
or contr. from boviciua, from bos and cano). I. 
a crooked trumpet ; a, the shepherd's horn. Prop. ; 
b, a military trumpet, Cic. ; used as a signal for 
relieving guard, hence ad tertiam bucinam(= 
vigiliam), Liv. ; c, the trumpet used to summon 
the popular assemblies, Prop. II. Triton's horn, 
Ov._ 

bucinator -oris, m. a trumpeter, Caes. 

buciiium -i, n. 1, tlie sound of a trumpet, 
Plin. ; 2, a sliellfish, Plin. 

buodlicus -a -um, and -os -6 -8n (0ou- 
ko\ik6s), relating to shepherds, rural; modi, Ov. 

buoula -ae, f. (dim. of bos), a lieifer, Verg., 
Cic 



Byz 

bufo -onis, m. a toad, Verg. 

bulbus -i, m. (j3oA/3os), an onion, Ov. 

buleuterion -ii, n. OSoiAevnjpioy), the place 
of meeting of a Greek senate, Cic. 

bulla -ae, f. a hollow swelling, a bladder, 
bubble. I, Lit., a water bubble; ut pluvio per, 
lncida caelo surgere bulla solet, Ov. tl. Transf., 
A. a boss, stud ; 1, on girdles, aurea bullis cin» 
gala, Verg. ; 2, on doors, bullas aureas omnea 
ex his valvis non dubitavit auferre, Cic. B. bulla 
aurea, a golden ornament, an amulet (of Etruscan 
origin), worn by triumphing generals and by 
boys of good family, laid aside by the latter 
when the toga virilis was put on ; hence dignus 
bulla = childish, Juv. 

bulla tus -a -um (bulla). I. inflated, bom* 
bastic, or perishable, transitory, Pers. II. Transf., 
1, furnished with a bulla, in the sense of a boss, 
knob, cingulum, Varr. ; 2, wearing the bulla, 
and consequently not yet arrived at years of 
discretion, heres, Juv. 

bullio, 4. (bulla), to well up, bubble up, boil' 
up, Pers. 

Bullis (Byllis) -Idis, f. an Illyrian town and 
district between Dyrrhachium and Apollonia; 
henco Bullldenses -ium, in. inhabitants of 
Bullis ; also Bulienses -Ium, m. and Bullini 
-drum, in. 

bumastus -i, f. a kind of vine bearing very 
large grapes, Verg. 

Bura -ae, f. (BoGpa), and Burls -is, f. a 
town in Achaia, forty stadia from the sea. 

Burdigala -ae, f. a town in Aquitania (now 
Bordeaux). 

buris -is, m. the crooked hinder part of the 
plough, Vu b .- 

Busiris -rfdfs, m. (rWo-ipis), an old king / 
Egypt, who sacrificed all foreigners who came to his 
country. 

bustirapus -i, m. (bustum and rapio), a 
robber of tombs, Plaut. 

bustuai'ius -a -um (bustum), belonging to 
the place, where corj>ses were burned ; gladiator, 
one who fought? at a funeral pileinhonour of the 
dead, Cic. 

bustum -i, n. (from b'uro, old Lat. for uro). 

I. the place where corpses where burned, Luer. 

II. a grave, sepulchre. A. Lit, Cic. B. Fig., 
tu bustum reipublidae, the destroyer of tlie State, 
Cic. ; bustum miserabile nati, Tereus who ate 
his own son, Ov. ■ 

Buthrotum -i, n. and -tos -i, f. (BovOpurou 
and -to?), a town on the coast of Epints, opposite 
Corcyra, now Butrinto. 

buthysia -ae, f. (fiovdvaia), a sacrifice of oxen, 
Suet. 

Butrotus -i, iu. a river in Bruttium, now 
Bruciano. 

Buxentum -i, n. a town in Lucania, now 
Policastro. 

buxifer -a -um (buxus and fero), producing 
tlie box-tree, Cat. 

buxus -i, f. and bUXUm i. n. (nvfos). I. 

I, the evergreen box-tree, Ov. ; 2, box-wood, Verg. 

II. Meton., articles made of box-wood — e.g.,jru/e, 
Verg. ; top, Verg. ; comb, Ov. ; writing-tablets, , 
Prop. 

Byrsa -ae, f. (BJpo-a), the citadel of Cartlutge, 

Byzantium -li, n. (BufdWioi'), Byzantium, 
a city in Thrace on the Bosphorus, opposite the 
Asiatic Chalcedon (now Constantinople). Adj., 
Byzantinus -a •um, Byzantius -a -um ' 
Byzantine. 



cab 



C 



76 



CC, the third letter of the Latin Alphabet, 
corresponding in place and originally in 
sound with the Greek V, y. At an eurly period 
it was substituted for K, which, except in a few 
instances, disappeared from the language. 

caballlnus -a -nm, belonging to a horse ; 
fons (in jest) = Hippocrene, Pers. 

caballus -i, in. a pack-horse, nag, Hor., Juv. 

Jabillonum -i, n. a town of the Aedui in 
Gallia Lugdunensis, now Ch&lons-sur-Sadne, 

C&birl -orum, m. (Ka/3eipoi), gods honoured 
by secret riUs in Lemnos and Samothrace. 

c&chinnatio -onis, f. a violent laxighing, 
cachinnation, Cic. 

1. cachinno, 1. (cachinnus), to laugh aloud; 
ridere convivae, cachinnare ipse Apronius, Cic. 

2. c&ohinno -dnis, m. (cachinnus), one who 
laughs heartily, a jester, Plaut; scoffer, Pers. 

C&Chir.miS -i. in. (Ka.yxao-y.6i), loud laughter, 
jeering; cachinuos irridentium commovere, Cic; 
poet, transf., the splashing of the sea, Cat. 

caco, 1. (kox6o>), 1, to void the excrement, Hor. ; 
2, to defile with excrement, Cat. 

cacoethes -is, n. (KaKonSa), an obstinate 
disease, an itch or incuruble passion ; scribendi, 
an incurable itch to write, Juv. 

cacula -ae, m. a soldier's or officer's servant, 
Plaut. 

cacumen -Inls, n. 1, the extreme point, top, 
summit; montis, Cat. ; arboris, Verg. ; ramorum, 
Caes. ; 2, height, perfection ; alescendi, the 
greatest growth, Lucr. 

cacumino, 1. (cacumen), to point, make 
pointed, Ov. 

Caous -i, m. (Kaxot), son of Vulcan, an Italian 
tattle-robber slain by Hercules. 

cadaver -Sris (cado), n. a dead bodv. carcass, 
of men or animals. I. Lit., Cic; as a tei.n of re- 
proach, ab hoc ejecto cadavere quidquam mini ant 
opis aut ornainenti expetebaui, Cic. II. Transf., 
of the ruins of towns, cadavera oppidum, ap. Cic. 

cadaverosus -a -um (cadaver), like a corpse, 
cadaverous, Ter. 

Cadmus -i, in. (Kdfyxos), the son nf Agenor, 
Jcing of Phoenicia und brother of Europa; father 
of 1'olydorus, Ino, Semele, Autono'e, and Agave; 
founder of Thebes in Boeotia. Adj., Cadmeus 
-a -nm, Thebac, Prop. ; hence subst., Cadmea 
-ae, f. the citadel of Thebes, Nep. ; Cadmeis 
-Idis, f. arx, Theban, Ov. ; and subst., a female 
descendant of Cadmus, Ov. 

cado, cJcidi, casum, 3. to full. I. Gen., 
A. Lit., 1, of lifeless things, arma alicui cadunt 
de mauibus, Cic. ; of weapons, levins, with less 
violence, Caes.; of thunderbolts, caelo cadunt 
ftilmina, Petr. ; of dice, at (talus) cadat rectus, 
Cic. ; of sails, vela cadunt, are furled, Verg. ; of 
rain, snow, tears, and other liquids, gnttae 
cadentcs, Cic. ; of shadows, altis de montibus, 
Verg. ; of things which naturally fall— e.g., fruit, 
leaves, &c. ; motis poma cadunt ramis, Ot. ; 
barbacadit, Verg.; of the sun, stars, the day, etc., 
to set; sol cadens, poet., the west; juxta soleni 
cadentem, Verg. ; of winds, to be lulled; cadente 
jam euro, Liv. ; of words, to fall from the mouth; 
verba cadentia tollit, Hor. ; gram mat. and rhet. 
1. 1., to come to an end ; verba melius in syllabas 
longiores cadunt, Cic. ; 2, of living things, si 
prolapsus cecidisset, Liv. ; in terram, Cic. ; de 
equo, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of payments, to fall 
due ; in earn diem cadere nummos qui a Quinto 



Ca© 

debentur, Cic; 2, of perception, to fall to the 
notice of; sub oeulos, Cic. ; 3, to fall under a 
certain class; in idem genus orationis, Cic; 4, 
to fall under; in unius potestatem, Cic ; 5, to 
agree with, be consistent with; lion cadit in hos 
mores, non in nunc hominein ista suspicio, 
Cic; 6, to happen; si quid adversi casuruin 
foret, Liv. ; fortuito, Cic. ; male, Caes. ; cadere 
ad or in irritmn, to become of «o effect, Liv. ; in- 
speranti mihi cecidit ut, etc., Cic. ; 7, to fall, in 
power, honour, etc., tarn graviter, Cic. ; to lose 
or be cast in a law-suit, in judicio, Cic. ; causa, 
Cic. ; to lose courage ; non debenius ita cadere 
animis quasi, etc., Cic. II. Esp., A. to be de- 
stroyed ; non tota cadet Troja, Ov. B. Of per- 
sons, to be killed ; pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes. ; 
in acie, Cic. ; sua manu, to commit suicide, Tac. ; 
of the victims of a sacrifice, ovis cadit deo, Ov. 

caduce&tor -oris, m. (caduceus), a herald, 
Liv. 

caduceus -i, m. a herald's staff, Cic. ; the 
wand or staff of Mercury, Suet. 

caducifer -feri (caduceus and fero), he that 
bears the caduceus, surname of Mercury, Ov. ; 
abso!., Ov. 

cadUCUS -a -nm (cado), that which has fallen 
or is falling. I. A. Lit., hello, fallen. i)i war, 
Verg. B. Transf., legal t. t., bona, a legacji 
rendered void by the death or legal incapacity of 
the legatee, which fell to other heirs or to the ex- 
chequer, Cic; legatum onme.capis necnon et 
dulce caducum, Juv. II. A. Lit., inclined or 
ready to fall; 1, gen., vitis, Cic; flos, Ov. ; 2, 
esp., destined to die, devoted to death; juvenis, 
Verg. B. Transf., frail, perishable, transitory ; 
res humanae fragiles caducaeque, Cic. 

Cadurci -orum, m. a Gaulish people in Aqui- 
tania, famous for their linen manufactures; 
hence a, adj., Cadurcus -a, -um ; b, subst., 
Cadurcum -i, n. (sc. stragulum). A. a cover- 
let of Cadurcian linen. B. Meton., themarriage- 
bed, Juv. 

cadus -i, m. (xdSos), o vine jar ; capite sis- 
tere, to overturn, Plant.; meton., wine, Hor.; 
also used for other purposes, for honey, Mart. ; 
= urua, a funeral urn, Verg. 

Cadusii -orum, m. (KaSouViot), a warlike 
nation on the Caspian Sea. 

eaecias -ae, m. (koiki'oc), a north-east wind, 
Plin. 

caecigenus -a -um (caecus and gigno), bom 
blind, Lucr. 

Caecilius -a -um, name of a celebrated ple- 
beian gens, the most impoitant family of which 
was the Metelli ; of these the most illustrious 
were : 1, Qu. Caec. Metellus, praetor b.c. 14S, 
surnamea Macedonicus, for his conquests in Mace- 
donia; 2, his son, Qu. Caec Metellus, consul 
B.C. 123, snrnamed Balearicus for his victories 
over the Baleares ; 3, Caecilia, the daughter of 
Balearicus, the mother of the tribune Clodius : 
4, C. Caecilius Statins, Roman comic poet, con- 
temporary of Ennius, died about 108 B.C. Adj., 
Caecilius -a -um, Caecilian, lex (de ambitu), 
Cic. ; Caeciilanus -a -um, fabula, of Caecilius 
Statins, Cic. ; senex, In a play of the same, Cic. 

caecitas -atis, f. (caecus), blindness, Cic. ; 
fig., of the mind, an tibi luminis obesset caecitas 
plus quam libidinis ? Cic. 

caeco, 1. to make blind, Lucr. ; fig., largi- 
tione mentes imperitoruin, Cic. ; edentate cao- 
cata oratio, made obscure, Cic 

Caeciibum -i, n. and Caecubus ager, <i 

district in Lotium, famed for its wine ; hence adj., 
Caecubus -a -um, Caecutan; vinum Caeoubum 
and simply Caecubum, wine of Caecnbum, Hor. 



cae 



77 



Cae 



caeous -a -urn, adj. with compar.' I. Active. 

A. Lit., blind, not seeing ; ille qui caecus factus 
est, Cic. ; subst., apparet id etiam caeco, Liv. 

B. .Transf., intellectually or morally blind, 
blinded ; 1, of persons, caecus animi, Cic. ; 2, 
of passions, timor, Cic. II. Passive. A. Lit., 
1, of plaees that have no light, dark; domus, 
Cic. ; 2, of objects, appearances, etc., invisible, 
unseen; fores, Verg.; pericula, Cic. B. Transf., 

1, dark, unintelligible, unknown; fata, Hor. ; 

2, blind, uncertain, objectless; caeca cxpecta- 
tione, Cic. 

caedes -is, f. (caedo). A. a cutting off, a 
cutting down, killing, slaughter, carnage; a, caed- 
cm facerc, Cic. ; plur. multae et atroces inter se 
caedes, Liv.; b, killing of victims for sacrifice; 
bidentium, Hor. B. Meton., a, the persons 
slain; caedis acervi, Verg.; b, blood shed in 
slaughter, (currus) respersus fraterna cacde, Cat. 

caedo, cecidi, caesum, 3. to hew, fell, cut 
down, hew in pieces, strike, beat. I. A. januam 
saxis, Cic; aliqucin virgis, Cic; silvani, Caes. 
B. Transf., testibus caedi, to be hard pressed, 
Cic. II. A. to kill; consulem exercitumque, 
Liv. ; poet., caesi acervi, limps of the slain, Cat.; 
caesus sanguis, the blood of the slain, Verg. ; of 
sacrificial victims, hostias, Cic. B. to cut out, 
securibus humida vina (of wine when frozen), 
Verg. ; latius (murus) quam caederetur ruebat, 
Liv. 

caelamen -inis (caelo), n. a bas-relief, Ov. 

caelator -oris, in. (caelo), a chaser, graver, 
or carver, Cic. 

caelatura -ae, f. (caelo), the art of engraving 
or chasing, chiefly in metals or ivory, Quint. ; 
meton., an engraving, Suet. 

caelebs -libis, unmarried, single(of the man). 
I. A. Lit., se rectius viduam et ilium caelibem 
esse futurum, Liv. B. Meton., vita (of an un- 
married man), Hor. II. Transf., of trees, pla- 
tanus, to which >w vine is trained, Hor. 

caeles -Itis (caelum), heavenly; regna, Ov. 
Subst., a god, Ov. ; oftener in plur., caelites, 
the gods, Cic. 

caelestis -e (caelum), a, belonging to heaven, 
heavenly ; corpora, Cic. ; hence subst., caeles- 
tia -ium, n. things in heaven, the heavenly 
bodies, Cic ; b, coming from the heavens or seen, 
in the heavens ; aqua, Hor. ; spiritus, Cic. ; c, 
belonging to heaven as the seat of the gods, celestial, 
divine ; dii, Cic. ; sapientia, Cic. ; quern prope 
caelestem fecerint, whom tliey almost deified, Liv.; 
hence subst., caelestis -is, f. a goddess, Tib.; 
plur., m. and f. the gods, Cic. ; transf. for what is 
excellent, glorious, superhuman; ingeuium, Ov. 

caelibatus -us, m. (caelebs), celibacy, Suet. 

caelicola -ae, m. (caelum and colo), a 

dweller in heaven ; poet., a god, Verg. 

caelifer -fera -ferum, bearing the heavens; 
Atlas, Verg. 

CaellUS -a -urn. I. ncwie of a Roman ple- 
beian ge>is, the most celebrated members of which 
were: 1, C. Caelius Caldus, Roman orator and 
lawyer; 2, L. Caelius Antipater, annalist of the 
Second Punic War, contemporary of the Gracchi ; 

3, M. Caelius Rufus, intimate friend and client 
of Cicero. II. Caelius Mons, a hill in Rome 
south of the Palatineand cast of the Aventinc (now 
the Laieran). Adj. , CaeUanus -a -um, Caelian. 

caelo, 1. (1. caelum), 1, to tngravi or chase 
metals or ivory, to carve in. bafrelicf; specieru 
caelare argento, Cic. ; vasa caelata, Cic. ; 2, of 
poetry, caelatuin novem Musis opus, adorned 
by, Hor. 

1. caelum -i, n. (caedo), the burin or engrav- 
ing-tool, Mart, 



2. caelum -i, n. (connected with Gr. xolKot, 
hollow), 1, the heavens; caelum totum astris 
distinctum et ornatum, Cic. ; non de caelo de- 
missos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, Liv. ; cae- 
lum ac terras miscere, Liv. ; rindere caelum 
aratro, to do something impossible, Ov. ; hence, a, 
of a great height, it caelo clamor, Verg. ; juncta 
caelo montium juga, Liv. ; minari in caelum, 
Verg.; b, fig., as the height of joy, renown, 
etc., esse in caelo, Cic. ; aliquem or aliquid ferre 
ad or in caelum, Cic ; 2, the heavens, a, as the 
home of light, clouds, etc., caelum uocte atque 
nubibus obscuratum, Sail. ; de caelo cadere (of 
meteors), Liv. ; caelum discedit, light, Cic. ; ictus 
c caelo, Cic. ; b, the air, caelum liberuni, Cic. ; 
of climate, gravitas huius caeli, unlualthiness, 
Cic. ; caelum crassuin, Cic. ; 3, heaven as the 
home of the gods, de caelo delapsus, a mes- 
senger of the gods, Cic. ; non ad mortem trudi, 
verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. ; quid 
ine caelum sperare jubebas, marriage with a god, 
Verg. 

CaelUS -i, m. = Caelum personified as a, god, 
son of Aether and Dies. 

caementum -i, n. (caedo), rough stone from 
V<e quarry, Cic. 

CcteneuS -ei, in. (K<ui/eu's), originally a 
maiden, daughter of Elatus, clianged by Neptum 
into a boy and then into a bird. 

Caenina -ae, f. (Kaivivt)), town in Latiwn; 
hence adj., Caoninensis -e and Caeninus 
-a -um, of or belonging to Caenina. 

oaenosus -a -um (caenum), muddy, Juv. 

caenum -i, n. (connected with in-quino), 
mud, dirt, filth ; male olere omue caenum, Cic. ; 
as a term of reproach, labes ilia atque caenum, 
Cic. 

caepa (cepa) -ae, f. and oaepe (cepe) -is, n. 
an onion, Hor. 

Caepib -onis, in. the cognomen of a patrician 
branch of the gens Scrvilia. 

Caere", n. indecl., and Cacres -Itis or -itis, 
f. a very old city of Etruria, whose inhabitants 
received the Roman citizenship, except the right of 
voting ; hence, Caeres -Itis and -etis. belonging 
to Caere; subst., Caerites or Caeretes -um, 
ru. the inliabitants of Caere; Caerite cera (i.e., 
tabula) digni = deserving of civic degradation, 
Hor. 

caerimonla -as, f. I. holiness, sacredness; 
deorum, Cic. ; legationis, Cic. II. 1, holy awe, 
reverence; sumina religione caarimoniaque sacra 
conlicerc, Cic. ; 2, religious usage, sacred cere- 
mony (gen. in plur.), Cic. 

Caeroesi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Belgica, 
near modern Luxemburg or Liittich. 

caerulSus (poet, caerulus) -a -um (con- 
nected with caesius). I. dark-coloured, dark 
blue, epithet of the sea and sky ; a, of the sky, 
caerula caeli, or simply caerula, the azure of the 
sky, Lucr., Ov. ; b, of the sea, aquae, Ov. ; 
caerula -orum, n. the sea, Enu. ; of sea-gods, 
deus, Neptune, Ov. ; mater, 1'hetis, Ov. ; equi, of 
Triton, Ov.; via, Ov. ; puppis, Ov.; c, of rivers, 
Thybris, Verg. ; d, of other things, angues, 
Verg. ; Germanorum pubes, blue- eyed, Hor. 
Subst., caeruleum -i, a blue colour, Plin. 
II. Poet., dark green, Ov. ; dark, Verg. 

Caesar -iris, m. a Roman family name of the 
gens Julia, the most famous of which were, 1, C. 
Julius Caesar, who conquered Pompeius, overthrew 
the power of the senate, was made Dictator with 
supreme power, and was murdered by Brutus and 
Cassius, 44 B.C. ; 2, his nephew, Octavius, who took 
his name, with the addition of Octavianus, and es- 
tablisheil the empire. After him all the emperors 
bore the name of Caesar with the title Augustus, 



Cae 



78 



till, under Hadrian, a distinction was made, and 
the reigning emperor was called Caesar Augustus, 
and the appointed heir Caesar. Adj., A. Cacs- 
arcus -a -mn, belonging to Julius Caesar; sang- 
uis, Ov. B. Caosarianus -a -uni, Caesarian ; 
subst. C'ae^ariani, the partisans of Caesar. C. 
. Caesariensis -c, Mauritania, the cast part of 
.Mauritania. D. Caesannus -a -um, 0/ 
(Julius) Caesar; celeritas, Cic. 

Caesarea -ae, f. (Knio-apetn), ??ame of several 
towns, 1, in Palestine; 2, in Mauritania Caesari- 
ensis; 3, in Cappadocia; 4, in Phoenicia. 

caesariatus -a -um (caesaries), long-haired, 
Plaut. 

caesaries -ei, f. a bushy head of hair, Verg. ; 
barbae, the hair of the beard, Ov. 

caesim, adv. (caedo). A. with] cutting, with 
the edge of the sword (opp. to punctim, With the 
■point), petore hosteni, Liv. B. Transf.,of dis- 
course, in short sentences; membratim adhuc, 
deindo caesim dixiuius, Cic. 

oaesius -a -um, bluish grey, used of the 
colour of the eyes ; caesios oculos Minervae, 
caeruleos Neptuni, Cic. ; leo, with grey eyes, Cat. 

caespes (cespes) -itis (caedo), grass that has 
been cut. I. A. Lit. turf, used for altars, tombs, 
mounds; primum exstruendo tumulo caespitem 
Caesar posuit, Tac. ; plur., gladiis caespites 
circumcidere, Caes. ; non esse anna caespites 
neque glebas, Cic. B. Meton., a, a hv.t of turf, 
Hor. ; b, an altar of turf, Hor. ; c, ft clump of 
plants, verg. II. Transf. grassy sward; gra- 
miueus, Verg. 

1. caestus -us, m. (caedo), gauntlet for 
boxers, made of leathern thongs, Cic. 
! 2. caestus -i, in., v. cestus. 

caeterus, etc. ... v. ceterus, etc. 

Caicus -i, m. (KdtKos), ft river in Mysia flow- 
ing into the Sinus Ekaticus. 

Cajeta -ae (ami -e -es), f. I. the nurse of 
Aeneas. II. n town on the sea-coast, on t\e borders 
of-Latium and Campania, now Ga'eta. 

Cajus (poet. Caius), -i, in., and Caja -ae, 
f., 1, n common praeiiom.cn among the Romans. 
At a wedding, the bride and bridegroom were 
called by these names, and the bride said ubi tu 
Cajus, ego Caja; 2, the name of a celebrated 
Jiomiiu, jurist, more frequently written Gains, 
who flourished under the Alitonines at the 1" 
ginning of the second century. 

Calabri -drum, m. inhabitants of Calabria.; 
hence, Calaber -bra -brum, belonging to Cala- 
bria.; poet., Pierides, the poems of Ennuis, Hor. ; 
Calabria -ae, f. the peninsula at the south-east 
extremity of Italy. 

Calacte -es, f. (KaX*7j oki-i"), a town on the north 
coast of Sicily; hence, Calactinus -a um, of 
or belonging to Calacte. 

Cal&grurris -is, f. a town in Spain, now 
Loharre; hence Calagurrltani -oruni, m. 
the inhabitants ofCalagurris. 

Calais, ace. -in, abl. -i, 111. (KdAan) son of 
Boreas and Orithyia, brothers of Zeles, who accom- 
)■ itd the Argonauts and drove off the Harpies. 

Calamis -midis, 111. (KaAa^ts), one of the 
greatest sculptors of the age of Phidias. 

colr.mistor -tri, in*, and calamistrum 
-tri, n. (calamus). A. a curling-iron for the hair; 
frons calamistri notata vestigiis, Cic. B. Transf. 
excessive ornament or flourish indiscourne ; ineptis 
fortasse gratum fecit, qui volent ilia calamistrir. 
inurcre, Cic. 

calamlstratus -a -um, curled with the 
CVTling-irvn ; coma, Cic. ; saltator, Cic. 



cal 

cal&mitas -atis, f. A. damage, loss, failure, 
especially in agriculture, Cic. B. Transf. misfor- 
tune, damage, calamity, loss ; calami tatein tolerare, 
Cic. ; calamitate proliibere aliquem, Cic. ; plur., 
calamitates reipublicae; especially misfortune, 
reverse in war; Caniiensis ilia calamitas, Cic. 

calamitose, adv. (calamitosus), unfortunate- 
ly; vivere, Cic. 

calamitosus -a -um (calamitas), 1, act., 
causing loss, destructive ; tempestas, Cic; bellum, 
calamitous, Cic. ; 2, pass., suffering great loss, 
'miserable; agri vectigal, oppressive, Cic. ; homines 
miseri et fortuna magis quam culpa calamitosi, 
Cic.^ 

calamus -i, m, (xdAajuos), I. a reed. A. 
Lit., Ov. B. Metou., various articles made of 
reed, a writing reed, j;e», Cic. ; ft reed-pipe, Pan- 
pipe, Verg. ; an arrow, llor. ; a fishing-rod, Ov. ; 
« limed twig for folding, Prop. II, any reed- 
shaped stalk, Verg. 

calathiscus -i, nv (dim. of calathus), a small 
■wicker basket, Cat. 

calathus -i, m. (Kd\a9o$), 1, a wicker bas- 
ket, used for fruit or flowers, Verg. ; for spin- 
ning, Ov. ; 2, ft vessel of similar form of metal or 
wood; a cheese-basket, Verg.; a wine-bowl, Verg. 

Calatia -ae, and Calatiae -arum, f. a E< ion 
in Campania. Adj., Calatinus -a-uni, Calu- 

tine. 

calator -oris, m. (1. calo), a servant, attendant 
upon priests, Suet. 

calautica -ae, f. a kind of female headdress 
with pendent lappets, Cic. 

calcaneum -i, n. the heel, Verg. (?). 

calcar -avis, n. (calx), ft'spio - . I. Lit. equo 
calcaria subdere, Liv. ; equum calcaribus couci- 
tarc, Liv. ; prov.-, addere calcaria sponte cur- 
rcnti, to S}mr the willing horse, Plin. II. Transf. 
stimulus, incitement; admovere, Cic; gen. in 
plur., alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus, Cic; 
calcaria adhibere, Cic. 

calceamentum -i, n. (calceo), a covering 
for the foot; calceamentum sclonim callum, Cic. 

calcearium -i, n. (calceus), shoe money, 
Suet. 
calceatus -us, 111. i= oalccamentum (q.v.). 

calceo, 1. to shoe, provide with shoes; homines 
non satis commode calceati et vestiti, Cic. 
calceolarius -i, in. (calceolus), a shoemaker, 

Plant. 

calceolus -i, m. (dim. of calceus), a half 
shoe, Cic. 

calceus -i, m. (calx, the heel), a shoe, dis- 
tinguished from the sandal (solea) as covering 
the whole foot, Cic; calcei Sicyouii, of Samian 
leather, Cic. ; (as the Romans took off their shoes 
when reclining at dinner), calceos poscere = tn 
rise from table, Plin.; calceos mutare, to become 
a senator (from a particular kind of shoe worn 
only by senators), Cic. 

CalciU' a (Calcas) -antis, ace. -antem and 
-anta, in. (KdAx«?), son of Thestor, sootlisayer to 
the Greeks before Troy. 

Calckedon -cmis and -ouos, ace -onem and 
-5na, f. (XaKK-g&iov), town in Bithynia on thc_Pro- 
pontis, opposite Byzantium. Adj., Calched.6- 
nius -a -um., Catchedonian. 

calclo - calceo (q.v.). 

calcitratus -as, m. a kicking, Plin. 

1. calcltro, 1.(1. cilix). -A. Lit. to strike' 
with the heel, kick, Plin. B. Transf. to oppose- 
perversely and obstinately, Cic. 

2. calcltro -onls, m. (1. caleitro), a /'W.r, 
Varr. ; of men, ft bully, blusterer, Plin, ; • 






cal 



79 



Cal 



ealco, 1. (1. calx), to tread, to tread upon. 

I. Gen. A. Lit. aliquem pede, Tac. B. Transf., 

a, to trample under foot, conquer ; aiuorem, Ov. ; 

b, to mock, insult, Prop. II. Esp. A. to tread 
upon (grapes) in the wine-press; uvas, Ov. B. 
to stamp, compress, Verg. C. to visit (a place); 
viaui, nor. 

calculator -oris, m. a calculator, bookkeeper, 
accountant, Mart. 

calculus -i, in. (dim. of 2. calx), alittle stone, 
pebble. I. Gen., Cic. ; collectively, gravel, Verg. 

II. Esp., a, apiece used in the Roman game of 
Latrunculi or Duodecim scripta ; calculum redu- 
cere, to retract a wore, Cic. ; b, a voting pebble, 
a white one being thrown into the urn to ac- 
quit or to affirm, a black one to condemn or to 
negative; album calculum adjicere errori nostra, 
Plin. ; c, a counter for reckoning, hence a calcu- 
lation ; ad calculos vocare aliquid, to subject to 
a strict reckoning, Cic. 

caldus = calidus (q.v.). 

Caledones -um, ace. -as, in. the inhabitants 
of Caledonia. Hence A. Caledonia -ae, f. the 
north-west of Scotland. B. Adj., CaledoniUS 
-a -um, Caledonian. 

calefacio (calfacio) -feci -factum, 3., pass. 
calefio (calfio) -factus sum -fieri. A. Lit., 
to make warm, heat; 1, of things, baliueum 
callieri jubebo, Cic. ; 2, of animals, corpus, Cic. 
B. Transf., to disturb, excite; Gabinium ad 
popnlum luculente calefecerat Mummius, Cic. ; 
calefacta corda tumultu, Verg. 

calefacto, 1. (inteus. of calefacio), to make 
warm, heat, Hor. 

Calendae (Kalendae)-arum, f. (from calare, 
to call, the calends being the day on which the 
times of the Nones and the festivals were pro- 
claimed),- 1, the first day of the month; Cal. 
Februariae, the first of February; femineae Calen- 
dae, the first of March, the day of the Matronalia, 
when Roman matrons sacrificed to Juno, Juv. ; 
on the calends, interest of money was paid ; 
hence tris'tes Calendae — i.e., for debtors — Hor. ; 
as there were no calends in the Greek year, ad 
Graoeas Caleudas solvere = never to ixiy, Suet. ; 
2,- month, Ov. 

Calenus, v. Calcs. 

caleo -ui, 2. (connected with kou'w), to be 
warm, hot, to glow. I. Lit., A. Of physical 
heat, ignis calet, Cic. ; centum Sabaeo ture 
Client arae, Verg. ; tcrrae alio sole calentcs, 
Hor. B. Of animal heat, os calet tibi, Plaut. 
II. Transf., A. Of persons, to be inflamed, 
aroused, excited ; calebat in agendo, he was all 
fire in acting, Cic. ; Romani calentes adhuc ab 
receuti pugua, Liv. ; cupidine laudis, Ov. ; so 
of love, to be in love with; juvene, femina, Hor. 
B. Of things, 1, to be urged on zealously ; indicia 
caleut, Cic. ; res calet, is ripe for execution, Cic. ; 
2, to be yet warm, fresh of interest; illud crimen de 
minimis caluit re receuti, Cic. 

Cales -ium, f. town in Campania, famous for 
its wine, now Calvi. Adj., Calenus -a -um, of 
or belonging to Coles. 

calcsc o, 3. (inch, of caleo), to become warm, 
to grow hot; calescere vel apricatione vel igni, 
Cic. ; tunc priinum radiis gelidi caluere triones, 
Ov. ; tig., of love, quo proplor nunc es, fiamma 
propiore calesco, Ov. 

Calcti -oruin and Caletea -um, m. a Gallic 
tribe in Normandy on the Seine. 

caliandrum -i, n. v. caliendrum. 

calide, adv., with superl. (calidus), warmly, 
speedily, Plaut. 

palldus (caldus) -a -um, ivarm, hot. A, Lit, 



dies, Cic. Subst., a, callda -ae, f. (sc aqua), 
warm water, Plin. ; b, calidum -i, n. warm win* 
and water, Plaut. B. 1, hot] fiery, \mssionate, 
violent; equus, Verg.; calidus juventa, Hor.; 
consilium calidum, Cic. ; 2, quick, speedy, Plaut. 

caliendrum -i, n. « head-dress of Iiotwn 
women, Hor. 

caliga -ae, f. (connected with calceus and 
calx, heel), a stout slioe, esp. soldier's shoe, Cic. 

caligatus -a -um, wearing tlie caliga; call- 
galum venire, booted and spurred, Juv, Subst. 
Ul., a common soldier, Suet. 

caliginosus -a -um (1. caligo). I. Lit., 
foggy, misty ; caelum nebulosum et caliginosum, 
Cic. II. Transf, da/7:; uox, the unknown future, 
Hor. 

1. caligo -luis, f. I. fog, mist, vapour; fulvae 
nubis caligo crassa, Verg. II. Meton., dark- 
ness. A. Lit., 1, gen., tetrae tenebrae et caligo, 
Cic. ; 2, esp., mist before the eyes ; aliquid cer- 
uere quasi per caliginem, Cic. B. Trausf., 1, 
menial darkness, dxdness; haec indoctorum aui- 
mis ott'usa caligo, Cic; 2, calamity; superioris 
anni caligo et tenebrae, Cic. ; 3, gloominess, 
sadness, Cic. 

2. caligo, 1. (1. caligo). I. to spread a dark 
mist around, Verg.; meton., caligantes fenestrae, 
making dizzy, Juv. II. to be dark; caligans 
lucus, Verg. II. Esp., of the eyes, to be misty; 
caligant oculi, Lucr. ; transf, to be in darkness, 
Plin. ; pro v., caligare in sole, to grope in daylight, 
Quint. 

Caligula -ae, m. (dim. of caliga, lit., a little 
soldier's shoe), nickname of C. Caesar, the third 
Roman Emperor, so called because when a boy in 
the camp of his father Germanicus lie was dressed 
as a com) .on soldier. 

callx leis, m. (ftvAif), 1, a goblet, drinking 
vessel; calix mulsi, Cic. ; 2, a cooking vessel, Ov. 

Callaeci (Gallaeci) -oru'm, in. a people in the 
north-west of Spain. Hence' Callaecia (Gal- 
laecia) -ae, f.,' the country of the Callaeci; adj., 
Callaecus -a -um and Callaicus -a -um. 

calico, 2. (callum). I. to be thick-skinned, 
Plaut. II. Transf., A. Iutransit., to be clever, 
experienced, ap. Cic. ; USD alicuius rei, Liv. B. 
Transit., to know by experience, understand; 
Poenoruin jura, Liv. 

Callicratidas -ac, m. (KaAXiKpaTi'Sas), a 
Spartan commander, killed at the battle qf At- 
ginusie. 

Callicula -ae, f. a small hill in Campania. 

callide, adv. (callidus), in a good sense, 
cleverly; in a bad sense, cunningly, slyly; callide 
arguteque dicere, Cic. ; omnia decreta eius peri- 
tissime et callidissime venditare, Cic. 

calliditas -atis, f. I. In a good sense, ex- 
pert uess, cleverness; viucere omnes calliditate 
et celeritate iugenii, Nep. II. More frequently 
in a bad sense, cunning,' craft, artifice; scientia 
quae est remota ab justitia calliditas potius 
quam sapientia appellauda, Cic. ; stratagem in 
war, Liv.; iu oratory, artifice; genus eiusmodi 
calliditatis atque calumniae, Cic. 

callidus -a -um (calleo), 1, clever by reason 
of experience, dexterous, skilful, sly, cunning; 
a, absol., agitator (equi), Cic;artifex, Cic; legum 
scriptor peritus et callidus, Cic. ; a connoisseur 
in art, Hor. ; b, with ad and the ace, ad fraudem, 
Cic. ; c, with in and the abl., in dicendo vehe- 
menset callidus, Cic; d, with the genit. r reiniili- 
talis, Tac; e, with the abl., homines. callidi 
usu, Cic;; 2, of things, cunningly or slyly de- 
vised'; audacia, Cic; niwis callida juris inter* 
pretatlo, too subtle, Cic. 
Callifae -arum, f, a town \n Samniunu 



Cal 



80 



cam 



Callimiichus -i, in. (KaAAi>oxos), a. cele- 
brated Greek poet of Cyrene. 

CaUIope -es, f. (KaWtotrri, the beahtiful- 
voiced), and Calliopca -ae, f. I. Calliope, the 
Muse of epic poetry, or of poetry in general, Hot., 
Ov. II. Meton., 1, vos, O Calliope, etc.oH the 
Muses collectively, Verg. ; 2, poetry, Ov. 

CallipollS -is, f. (KaAAuroAi?). I. a town on 
the Thrucian Chersonese, now Gallipoli. II. a 
town in the Tuuric Cliersonesc. 

Callirrhde -es, f. (KaAXipporj), 1, daughter of 
Hie river Achelous, wife of Alcmaeon; 2, a well 
it Athens, on the south side of the Acropolis. 

callis -is, m. ami (in prose, gen.) f. a narrow 
track, footpath, cattle track; Italiac calles ct pas- 
toruin stabula, Cic. 

CallistheneS -is, in. (KaAAt<70eV?;s), a philo- 
sopher of Olynthus, who accompanied Alexander 
the Great into Asia, and died a violent death there. 

CallistO -fis, f. (KaAAicrno), daughter of the 
A rcadian king Lycaon, mother of Areas by Jupiter, 
changed by Juno into a bear, and placed by Jupiter 
among the stars as Ursa Major or Helice. 

callosus -a -nm (callum), having a hard 
»':!)!, hard; ova, Hor. 

callum -i, n. and callus -I, m. I. the hard 
skin of animals ; calceamentum callum solorum, 
Cic. II. Transf., insensibility ; ipse labor quasi 
callum quoddam obducit dolori, Cic. ; quorum 
animis diuturna cogitatio callum vetustatis ob- 
duxerat, Cic. 

1. C&lo, 1. (xaA<2>), to call, summon; t.t. of 
i rligious ceremonies, Quint. ; coinitia calata, an 
assembly of the etiriat for merely' formal business, 
Cic. 

2. calo -finis, m. (perhaps contr. tor caballo, 
from caballus), a horse-boy, groom, a litter-bearer,- 
Cic. ; a soldier's slave, camp-menial, Caes. 

1. calor -oris, in. (caleo), warmth, he/it. I. 
Pliys.i A. Geu., vis frigoris et caloris, Cic. B. 
Esp., heat of the sun or day; vitaudi caloris causa 
Lanuvii trcs boras acquieveram, Cic. ; calores 
inaximi, Cic. ; niediis caloribus, in full summer, 
Liv. C. heat of a hot wind ; calores austrini, 
Verg. IL animal heat. A. Lit., Tib. B. Transf., 
love, Ov., Hor. 

2. C&lor -oris, m. a river in Samnium, now 
Colore. 

Calpe -es, f. (KdAjnj), one of the pillars of 
Hermles, now Gibraltar. 

Calpurnius -a -uni, name of a Roman ple- 
beian gens, the families of which bore the. names of 
Flamraa, Aspreuas, Piso, Bestia, Bibulus. The 
most remarkable of this gens were : 1, C. Calp. 
Piso, praetor and propraetor in Spain, 1S6 a.c. ; 
2, L. Calp. Piso, consul in 112 a.c. ; 3, L. Calp. 
Frugi, tribune 149 a.c, consul 133 a.c; 4, L. 
Calp. Bestia, tribune 121, consul 111, and general 
ugai)ist Jugurtha ; 5. L. Calp. Bibulus, step-son 
of M. Brutus; 6, C. Calp. Piso, son-in-laiv of 
Cicero; 7, L. Calp. Piso Caesonius, father-in-law 
of Caesar ; 8, Calpurnia, wife of Caesar ; 9, T. 
Calp. Siculus, Roman bucolic poet of third century 
a.c. Adj., Calpumian, Calpurnia lex; a, de 
repetundis of L. Calp. Piso Frugi ; b, de am- 
bitu of the consul C. Calp. Piso. 

caltha -ae, f. a plant, prob. the common mari- 
gold, Verg. 

calthula -ae, f. (caltha), a woman's robe of a 
yellow colour, Plaut. 

calumnia -ae, f. (Old Lat. calve>e, con- 
nected with carpere), trick, artifice, chicane, craft; 
a, Gen., inimicorum calumuia, Cic. ; religionis 
caluniuia, deceitful pretence, Cic; calumniam 
adhibere, Cic; in hac calumuia Unions, mis- 



giving caused by ill-grounded fear, Cic. ; b, esp., 
false accusation, malicious prosecution ; calumuia 
litium alicnos fnndos petere, Cic. ; calumniam 
jurare, to swear that an accusation is not malici- 
ous, Cic; meton., action for false accusation; 
calumniam private judicio non elfugere, Cic. 

calumniator -oris, m. (calumnior), an in- 
triguer, pettifogger ; scriptum sequi calumni- 
atoris esse ; boni judieis, voluntatem scriptoria 
auctoritatemque defendere, Cic. 

calumnior, 1. dep. (calumuia), to contrive 
tricks, to attack with artifices; jacet res in con- 
troversiis isto calumniante biennium, Cic. ; 
calumniabar ipse ; putabam, etc., / made mysel/ 
unnecessarily anxious, Cic. 

calva -ae, f. (calvus), the bald scalp of the 
head, Liv. 

calveo, 2. to be bare of hair, bald, Plin. 

Calvisms -li, m. Roman name, 1, C. Calv. 
Sabinus, legate of Caesar; 2, CalvLsius, the ac- 
cuser of Agrippina, the mother of Nero. 

CalvJtieS -ei, f. (calvus), baldness, Suet. 

calvitium -li, n. (calvus), baldness, Cic. 

calvor, 3. dep. to form intrigues, deceive, 
Plaut. 

calvus -a -um, bald, without hair, Plaut. 

Calvus, the name of a family of the gens 
Licinia, v. Licinius. 

1. calx -cis, f. the heel ; certare pugnis, cal- 
cibUB, Cic. ; calcem terere calce, to tread close on 
the heels, Verg. ; calces remittere, to kick, Nep. ; 
prov., adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare), to 
Kick against the pricks, Ter. 

2. calx -cis, f. and (rarely) m. (xdAif ), a stone. 
I. a pebble used as a counter in various games, 
Plant. II. lime, chalk; lintribus in earn in- 
sulam materiam, calcem, caementa convehere, 
Cic. ; as the goal in a racecourse was marked 
witli chalk, meton. = « goal, end (opp. carceres, 
the starting-point) ; quibuscum tainquam e car- 
ceribus emissus sis, cum iisdem ad calcem, ut 
dicitur, pervenire, Cic. ; ad carceres a calce ro- 
vocari, to turn back from the end to the begin- 
ning, Cic 

CilyeadnuB -i, m. (KaAvKaim). I. a river 
in CiUcia. II. promontory in Cilicia at the 
mouth of the river of the same name. 

Calydon -Onis, f. (KaAvSwV), a very ancient 
city in Aetolia. Hence adj., 1, Calydonius -a 
•nm, Calydonian ; lieros, Meleager, Ov. ; amnis, 
the Achelous, Ov. ; rcgna, the kingdom of Dio- 
medes in Lower Italy, Ov.; sus, ajier, the bmr 
slain by Meleager, Mart. ; 2, Calyddnis -Wis, 
f. Calydonian; subst.= Deianira, Ov. 

Calypso -us, ace -o. f. (Ka\i/i//w), a nymph, 
daughter of Atlas, who entertained Ulysses in the 
■island ifOrtygia, and kept him there seven y&irs. 

camara = camera (q.v.). 

Camarina (Cairn'rina) -ae, f. (Kafia'pwa), 
town in the south-west of Sicily, now Camcrina or 
Camarana. 

Cambur.ii montes, m. mountains forming 
the boundary bcticeen Thcssaly and Macedonia. 

Cambysis -is, m. (Kou^i/ot)?), 1, husband of 
Mandane, father of Cyrus the Elder ; 2, son and 
successor of Cyrus the Elder. 

camslla -ae, f. (dim of camera), a kind of 
goblet, Ov. 

camslus -i, m. and f. (j«ifir)Aos), a camel, Cic. 

Ciraena (Camoena), -ae, f. (from car.o, orig. 
casmena, then carmena), gen. plur. the prophesy- 
ing goddesses of springs, in later times identiued 
with the Greek Muses ; meton., poetry, Hor. 

camera (camara) -ae, f. (ic<ip.dpo), 1^ a vaulted 



Cam 



dumber, vault, Cic; 2, a kind of fiat covered 
boat, Tac. w 

Cameria -ae, f. aud Camerium -H, n. 
(own fn Latium. Adj., Camerinus -a -urn, of 
or belonging to Cameria. 

Camillus -i, in. cowmen 0/ several members 
of the gens Furia, the most famous of whom, M. 
Furina Camillus, took Veil, and freed Rome from 
the Gauls. Appell., a. saviour of one's country; 
liovus Camillus, Liv. 

caminus -i, m. (ndaivos), 1, a forge, Oy. ; 
pvov., semper ardente camino, with ceaseless in- 
dustry, Juv. , 2, afire-place, Hor. ; meton., ./ire ; 
lueulentus, Cic. ; prow, oleum addere camino, 
ro aggravate an evil, Hor. 

cammarus -i, m. (xa/xjiapos), a craw, lobster, 

Campania -ae, f. (campus, cf. Fr. cham- 
pagne, the level country), a district of Central 
Italy, the capital of which was Capua, now Terra 
di Lawn. Adj., Campanus -a -um, Campa- 
nian; via, a by-road connected with the ma 
Appia, Suet. ; morbus, a kiml of wart on the face 
common in Campania, Hor.; pons, the bridge 
over the Savo (Haona), Hor. ; colonia, Capua, 
Cic; arrogantia, Cic. Subst., Campani -orum, 
111. the inhabitants of Campania, Cic. 

campester -tria -tre (campus), 1, relating 
to level country, flat ; loca campestna, Liv. ; iter, 
march in a level country, Caes. ; hence subst., 
campestria -ium, n. a plain, Tac; 2, a, relat- 
ing to the Campus Martius and its gymnastic exer- 
cises; Indus, Cic; hence subst., campestre -is, 
II. (sc. velamentum), ci covering worn by wrestlers 
round their loins, Hor. ; b, relating to the 
comitia; certamen, Liv.; quaestus, Cic. 

campus -i, m. (connected with k^tto?), 1, a 
flat spot, a plain; campos et montes peragrare, 
Cic. ; hence, a meadow, field ; herbidus aquosus- 
que, Liv. ; field of battle, Liv. ; poet., a level 
surface of any kind, the sea, Verg. ; so of the level 
surface of a rock, Verg. ; 2, the Campus, or Camp- 
us Martins at Rome, the place of meeting of the 
comitia centuriata ; hence metou., the comitia, 
fors doinina campi, Cic. ; also used as a place of 
exercise, Cic. ; meton., any free space, field, or 
theatre of action ; quum sit campus, in quo ex- 
sultare possit oratio, Cic 

Camulodunum -i, n. a town of tlie Trino- 
lantes in Britain, now Colchester. 

camur -a -um (connected with k6.)i.tttiS), 
lwokcd, curved, Verg. 
Canace -es, f. (Kai'i<n), daughter of Aeolus. 
Canae -arum, f. a coast town in Aeolis, now 
Kanot-Koei. 

canalis -is, m. (orig. adj. of canna, in the 
shape of a reed), a waterpipe, channel, canal, Verg., 
Caes. 

canarius -a -um (canis), relating to a dog, 
canine, Plin. Adj. prop., Canaria (insula), 
one of the Happy Islands in the Atlantic ; plur. 
Canarlae, the Canaries. 

cancelli -orum, m. (dim. of cancer), a lattice, 
grating, or trellis-work. A. Lit., ton, the bar 
of a tribunal, Cic. B. Transf., bounds, limits; 
extra cancellos egredi, Cic. 

cancer -cri, m. (connected with xapKiVos). 
A. the crab, the sign of the zodiac in which the sun 
is at the summer solstice, Ov. B. Meton., a, the 
south, Ov. ; b, summer heat, Ov. 

Candavla -ae, f. (Kaveaovia), a mountainous 
district of Illyria. 

candefacio -feci -factum (caudeo and facio), 
to make of a shining white, Plaut. 
f.andela -ae, f. (candeo), 1, a wax or tallow 



81 can 

candle, taper; candelam apponere valvis, to set 
the house on fire, Juv. ; 2, a rope coated with wax 
to preserve it from decay; fasces involuti candelis, 

candelabrum -i, n. (candela), a candle- 
stick, candelabrum, Cic. 

candeo -fli, 2. (from caneo as ardeo from 
areo). A. to be of a shining white, to shine, glitter; 
candet ebur soliis, Cat. B. Esp., to glow with 
heat ; candente carbone, Cic. 

candesoo, 3. (inch, of caudeo), 1, to begin 
to shine, Ov. ; 2, to begin to glow with heat, Lucr. 
candidatoriua -a -um, relating to a candi- 
date ; munus, Cic. 

candidatus -a -um (Candidas), cloihed in 
white, Plant. Subst., candidatus -1, m. o 
candidate for office, who, among the Romans, was 
always clothed in white; cousulans, for the con- 
sulship, Cic. 

candide.adv. (candidus), l,in white, Plaut.; 
2, clearly, candidly, ap. Cic. 

candldiilus -a -um, (dim. of candidus), 
shining, dazzling; dentes, Cic. 

candldUS -a -um (candeo), shining white, 
qlittering white (albus, dead white). I. Lit,.a, 
lilia, Verg. ; tunicae linteae, Liv. ; tentona, Uv. ; 
candidumaltanive Soracte, Hor. ; hence subst., 
candidum -i, »■ white colour, Ov. ; candidum 
ovi, the white of the egg, Plin. ; b, of the hair of 
beard, silver white, silver grey, barba, \erg.; c, 
of the body, snow-white, corpora (Gallorum), 
Liv. ; brachia candidiora nive, Ov. ; oj dazzling 
beauty; puer, Hor.; of animals, avis, the stork, 
Ver".; of deities, Bassareus, of heavenly beauty, 
Hor. ; d, of the stars or the day, bright ; luna, 
Ver" ; dies, Ov. ; e, of the white toga of candi- 
dates, Cic. ; f, of a white stone, (a) candida sen- 
ten tia, an acquittal, Ov.; (fi)asign ofaluckyday; 
candidiore or candidissimo calculo notare diem, 
Cat. II. Transf., a, of time, happy ; bora, Ov.; 
b of writing, clear, lucid ; genus dicendi, Cic. ; 
of character, honest, straightforward ; pau- 
peris ingenium, Hor. 

candor -oris m. (candeo), dazzling white 
colour. I. Of raint, fucati medicamenta can- 
doris et ruboris, Cic. II. As a quality, white- 
ness, lustre. A. candor marmoreus, Lucr. ; 1, 
of the body, candor huius et procentas, CIC. ; 
2, of the sun or stars, solis, Cic. ; of the Milky 
Way via candors notabilis ipso, Ov. B. 
Tiaii'sf., of character, sincerity, candour; annul, 

canens -entis, partic. of caneo and cano. 
caneo -ui, 2. (from canus, as albeo from 
albus) to be white or hoary ; tempoiibus geminis 
canebat sparsa senectus, Verg. ; gramma caner.t, 
of dew, Verg. ; partic. canens, hoary. 

canephoros -i, f. (icai^opo?), a basket-bearer, 
and plur. canephoroe (xani^opoi), statues by 
Greek sculptors representing Athenian maidens 
bearing sacrificial baskets. 

canesco, 3. (inch, of caneo), to become white 
or hoary. I. canescuntaequora, Ov. II.Transt., 
to become old, Ov. ; fig., quum oratio nostra jam 
canesceret, Cic 

canicula -ae, f. (dim. of canis). I. A. a little 
dog, Plin. B. Appell., a violent woman, Plaut. 
II. A. the dog-star, Sinus; canicula exontur, 



Cic. ; sitiens, Hor. B. the worst throw upon the 
dice, all aces, Pers. 

caninus -a -ura (cauis). A. rcliiir.g to a 
dog, canine; lac, Ov. B. Transf., 1, httera, the 
letter R, Pers. ; 2, of character, snarling, spite- 
ful; lutrare caniua verba in foro, Ov. 

canis -is, c. a dog. I. Lit., venatlcus, Cic; 
alere canes in Capitolio, Cio. ; cave canem, of- 



can 82 

yxm of the dog, inscription on a house-door, 
Varr. ; prov., cane pejus et angue vitare, Hor. 
II. Transf., a, as a term of reproach, a mali- 
cious, spiteful }*r.<">i ; of accusers, Cic. ; a para- 
Bite, hanger-on ; Clodianua cauis, Cic. ; b, as a 
star, canis major, Verg. ; canis minor, Ov. ; c, 
the sea-dog, Plin.; canes, the dogs qfScylla, Verg. ; 
d, in dice, the worst throw; canes damnosi, 
Prop. 

canlstra -orum, n. (Kdvao-rpa.), a bread, fruit, 
or fiov:er basket, Cic. 

canities, ace. -ein, abl. -e, f. (canus). A. a 
whitish-grey colour, esp. of the hair. B. Meton., 
grey hair, Verg. ; old age, Hor. 

canna -ae, f. (ndwa). A. a reed ; palustris, 
Ov. B. Metou., a reed-pipe, Ov. ; a small boat, 
Juv. 

cannabis -is, ace. -Jin, abl. -i, f., (KdwaPn)., 
cannabus -i, m., cannabum -i, n. hemp, 
Plin. 

Cannae -arum, f. a small town in Apulia, near 
the Aulidus, scene of a defeat of the Romans by 
Hannibal 2lti a.c. Adj., Cannensis -e, of or 
belonging to Cannae, prov., pugua, any disastrous 
slaughter (e.g., Vie proscription of Sulla), Cic. 

cano, cecini, cantuin, 3. tosing. I. Intransit. 
A. 1, of men, voce, Cic; ad tibiciuein, Cic; 
in oratory of a sing-song delivery, inelinata 
ululantique voce more Asiatico :anere, Cic. ; 
2, of animals, of the cock, to crow, Cic. ; of 
frogs, to croak, Plin. B. to play ; 1, of men, 
lidibus, Cic. ; canere receptui, to sound the signal 
for retreat, Liv. ; 2, of instruments, tubae cornu- 
aque cecmernnt, Liv. ; classicum canit, Liv. 
II. Transit., A. tosing with the voice; 1, carmen, 
Cic; 2, a, to sing of, to celebmte in song; ad 
tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes, 
Cic; b, of animals, to give wwiti, , b i a cry ; 
anser Gallos adesse cancbat. B. to play on a 
musical instrument ; signum canere, Liv.; prov., 
hoc carmen hie tribunus plebis non vobis, sea 
sibi intus canit, thinks only of his own advantage, 
Cic. C of gods, oracles, seers, '" prophesy; ut 
haee quae Hunt canere dii immortales viderentur, 
Cic; with aec and intin., to mihi mater, veridica 
interpret deum, auctnruui caeleatium nuincruni 
cecinit, Liv.; <>f fame, to announce ; fama facta 
atquo infect-a canens, Verg. 

Canopns -i, m. (K«r<.>po?), a city in Lower 
Egypt, hence nietoil., Lower Kgyipt, Verg., and 
Egypt generally, Juv. Adj., C&nopcus -a -um, 
of or belonging to Canopns ; Canopitac -arum, 
m. inhabitants of Canopns, Cic. 

canor -Oris, in. (cano), melody, song, sound; 
Martius aeris rauei, Verg. 

canortlS-a -um (canor), melodious, hannoni- 
ous, sweet-sounding. L Xcut., profluensqniddam 
habuit Curbo et eanoruni, Cic. ; so of a fault iu 
delivery, of a sing-song pronunciation ; vox nee 
hnguens uec canora, Cic. Siibsi, canorum 
-i, n. harmonious sound, Cic. II. Act., of men, 
orator, Cic; of animals, ales, the swan, Hor.; 
gallus, Cic. ; of instruments, acs, the trumpet, 
Verg. 

Cant&bri -orum, m. (Kavrdfipoi), a people in 
the north of Spain, not subdued till the reign of 
Augustus. Sing, Cantaber -bri, m. Cantab- 
rian; hence, CantSbria -ae, f. (Kavrafipia), 
the country of the Cnntabri; adj., Cantabricus 
-l -um, Cantabrian. 

cantamen-inis.n. (canto), incantation, Prop. 
' cantator -oris, tu. " stnger, Mart. 

. canterinus (cantherinus) -a -um (cantenus), 
relating to a horse, equine, Plaut. 

canterius (canthfrius) -i, m. (perhaps nav- 
frjAioj), a beast of burden, a gelding, nag, C15.; 



cap 

cantherms in fossa, a person in a helpless condi* 
tion, Liv. ; meton., an impotent person, Plant. 

cantharis -idis, f. ((co-opt?), a beetle, the 
Spanish fly, Cic. 

CanthaniS -i, m. (Karflapos), 1, a large gullet 
with handles, a tankard, Plaut. ; 2, a kind oj 
sea-Jish, Ov. 

ennthus -i, in. («at-0o?), the tire of a wheel ; 
meton., a wheel, Pers. 

canticum -i, n. (cano), 1, a scene in the 
Roman comedy, enacted by one person and ac- 
companied by music and dancing, Cic; canti- 
cuni ageie, Liv. ; 2, a. song, Mart. ; a sijig-song 
delivery in an orator, Cic. 

cantilena -ae, f. an old song, twaddle, chatter; 
ut crebro mihi insusurret cantilenam suam, Cic. 

cantio -onis, f. (cano), 1, a song, Plaut. ; 2 V 
an incantation, enchantment ; veneiicia et can- 
tiones, Cic. 

cantito, 1. (freq. of canto), to sing repeat- 
edly ; earmina in epulis, Cic. 

Cantium -ii, n. (Kivnov), a district on ti.e 
south-east coast of Britain, now Kent. 

cantiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of cantio), a flat- 
tering, enticing song ; si eaiitiunculis tantus vir 
irretitus teneretur, Cic. 

canto -avi -fitum -are (intens. of cano), to 
sing or play. I. Intransit. A. Of the Voice, to 
sing.; 1, of nan, ad manum histrioni, to sing 
and play to the dumb-shov> of an actor, Cic. ; 2, 
of birds, cantantes aves, Prop. ; of the cock, to 
crovj, Cic. B. to play on an instrument ; avenis, 
Ov. ; of the instrument itself, bueina cant.it, Ov. 
C. to sing an incantation, Verg. II. Transit., 
A. to sing or play ; 1, with cognate object, car- 
mina, Hor. ; doctuni Catullum, the songs of 
Catullus, Hor.; 2, to celebrate in singing; con- 
vivia, Hor. ; cantari dignus, worthy to be cele- 
brated i» song, Verg.; so tu praise ; nam >tt scis, 
jaiupridem istuin canto Caesareni, Cic. ; 3, to.. 
r/.itc; clegos, Juv. B. to announce, tell; vera 
eantas, Plant. C. to sing an incantation ; car- 
men, Ov. ; hence, to bewitch; cantatae herbae,. 
Ov. 

cantor -oris, in. (cano), 1, a singer, poet; 
cantor Apollo, player on the harp, Hor.; con- 
temptuously, cantor formularnni, Cic. ; cantorcs 
Buphorionis, eulogists, Cic; 2, an actor, esp. 
the actor who cried plauditcai the end of the piece, 
Hor. 

cantrix -Tcis, f. (cantor), a female singer, 
Plaut. 

cantus -us, m. (cano). I. song, melody, poetry, 
Lucr. II. Concrete, a song, a melody. A. Gen., 
a, of persons, Sirenum, tic ; b, of animals, 
avium, Cic. ; c, of an instrument, playing, 
music; buciuaruin, Cic. B. Esp., a, prophecy; 
veridici cantus, Cat.; b, incantation, Ov. 

CanulejUS -i, m. name of a Roman plebeian 
gens, to which belonged C. Canulejus, tribune of 
the people 445 B.C., author of the law permitting 
man iages between plebeians and patricians. 

canus -a -um. I. Lit., whitish-grey, grey; 
ductus, Lucr. ; lupus, Verg. ; esp. of hair, ia- 
pilli, Hor. Subst., canl -orum (sc. capilli), 
grey hair, Cic. II. Meton., old, aged ; senectus, 
Cat, 

Caniisium -ii, n. a town of Apulia (now 
). Adj., Canusmus -a -um, Canusian? 
lana, Canusian wool, which was very celebrated, 
Plin. ; hence, Canusina -ae, f. (sc. vestis);_a 
garment of Caniisian woo!. Hart. ; CanuSl-* 
natus -a.-um, clothed in such a garment, Suet. 

capacitas -atis, f. (capax), breadth, roomi- 
ness. Cjc, - . . ,-\ 



Cap 



Capaneus -ei, ace. -ea, voc. -eu, m. (Kan-a- 
veus), one of the seven princes who besieged Thebes, 
killed by Jupiter with a thunderbolt. 

capax -ads (capio), able to hold. I. Lit., 
able to hold much, broad, wide, roomy; urbs, Ov.; 
with genit., ciraus capax populi, Ov. ; cibi vim- 
que capacissimus, Li v. II. Transf., able to grasp, 
apt, capable, Jit for; aures avidae et capaces, 
Cic. ; with genit., capax imperii, Tac. ; with ad 
and the ace, animus ad praecepta capax, Ov. 

capedo -inis, f. (capis), a bowl used in sacri- 
fices, Cic. 

capeduncula -ae, f. (dim. of capedo), a 
small bowl, Cic. 

oapella -ae, f. (dim. of capra), 1, a she-goat, 
Cic; 2, a constellation so called, Ov. 

Capena -ae, f. atownin_Etruria, at the foot of 
Mount Soracte. Adj., Capenas -atis, Capen- 
US -a -urn, of or belonging to Capena; porta 
Capena, a gate in Home at the commencement of 
the via Appia. 

caper -ri, m. A. Lit., a he-goat, Verg. B. 
Meton., the smell under the arm-pits, Ov. 
caper o, 1. (caper), to be wrinkled, Plaut. 
capesso -ivi and -ii -itum, 3. (desider. of 
capiu), to seize, lay hold of eagerly. I. A. Lit., 
anna, Verg. ; cibum oris hiatu et dentibus (of 
animals), Cic. B. Transf., to take to, to gain ; 
a, fugain, Liv. ; libertatem, Cic. ; b, to take in 
hand, busy oneself with; rempublicam, to enter 
public life, Cic. ; so magistratus, imperium, 
honores, provincias, Tac. ; bellum, Liv. II. to 
strive to reach, to hasten, to make for ; oiiines 
luundi partes medium locum capessentes, Cic. ; 
animus superiora capessat necesse est, aims after, 
Cic. ; Melitam, Cic. ; Italiam, Verg. ; reflex., se 
in altum, Plaut. (perf. intin., capessisse, Liv.). 

Caphareus and Caphereus, or Cape- 
reus -ei and -eos, ace. -ea, voc. -eu, in. (o Katfirj- 
pei's), a dangerous promontory on the south coast 
ofEuboea, wh€re the Greek fleet on returning from 
Troy was shipwrecked. 'Adj., Caphareus -a 
-urn, of or belonging to Caphareus. 

capillatus -a -uni (capillus), hairy, having 
hair; adolcscens bene capillatus, Cic; vinura 
capillato diflusum consulc, made when long hair 
ivas worn (i.e., very old), Juv. 

capillus -i, m. (dim. form from root CAP, 
whence caput, and Ke<J>aA.7J, prop, adj. sc. crinis). 

A. the hair of the head or of the beard (crinis, 
any Mir); compositus, Cic; plur., eompti 
capilli, Cic. B. Transf., the hair of animals, 
Cat. 

capio, cepi, captuui, 3. (obs. fut. capso, 
Plaut.), I. to take, to seize. A. Lit., a, with 
the hand, anna, Cic ; b, to take possession of, 
esp. as unlit, t.t., collem, Caes. ; to arrive at, 
esp. of ships, portum, Caes. ; to select a place ; 
locum oculis, Verg. ; locum castris, Liv. ; so 
of auguries, templa ad inaugurandum, Liv. 

B. Transf., a, of acts, to take in hand, to be- 
gin; fugam, Caes. ; consulatum, Cic; b, of an 
opportunity, satis scite et commode tenipus 
ad aliquem adeundi, Cic ; c, to take as an ex- 
ample or proof, doeumentum ex aliquo, Cic; 
d, of a quality, to take, adopt; avi prudentiam, 
Cic; e, to take as a companion, aliquem con- 
siliis socium, Verg. ; to select out of a number, 
in singulos annos sacerdotem Jovis sortito, Cic; 
aliquem flaminein, as aflamen, Liv. C. to take 
possession of by force, in a hostile manner ; 1, lit., 
a, lubido reipublicae capiundae, Sail. ; b, in 
wnr, (a)to take booty, etc. ; agros dehostibus, Cic ; 
(3) to take a town, etc. ; urbem, castra hostluin, 
Cic; (y) to take prisoner; belli nefarios duces, Cic; 
partic as sub'st., captus -i, in. (= captivus) 



83 cap 

a captive, Nep. ; c, to take animals ; pisces, Cic. ; 
2, transf., a, to seize, take possession of; ad- 
miratio, nietus capit aliquem,- Liv. ; nos post 
leges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat, Cic ; 
b, esp., to attack, to injure; pass, capi, to be 
injured or diseased; oculis et auribus captus, 
blind and deaf, Cic. ; captus, inentc, distracted, 
Cic. ; c, to deceive ; adolescehtiuiu aniinos dolis, 
Sail. ; adversariuin, Cic. ; capere aliquem sua 
humanitate, Nep. II. to take, receive. A., 
Lit., a, with the hand, per aliquem aut hon- 
ores ant divitias, Cic ; pecuniain, to take money 
by force or bribery; pervim atque iujuriam, Cic; 
legal t.t., to take as lieir, ex hereditate nihil, 
Cic. ; of tribute, pay, etc, stipendium jure belli, 
Caes.; b, to receive into one's body; cibuni, 
Sail. B. Transf., to receive, suffer, u ndergo ; som- 
num capere non posse, Cic. ; aliquid detrinienti 
(esp. in the formula, videant consules lie quid 
respublica detrinienti capiat), Cic; laetitiam, 
Cic. III. to contain. A. Lit., una domo capi 
non possunt, Cic B. Transf., to allow of, to 
comprehend; nullam esse gratiam tantain quani 
non capere animus meus posset, Cic. 

capis -idis, f. (capio), a one-handled vessel, 
used in sacrifices, Liv. 

capistro, 1. (capistruni), to fasten with a 
halter, Cic. 
capistrum -i, n. a halter, Verg. 
capital -alis, n. (capitalis), sc. facinus, a 
capital crime, Cic. 

capitalis -e (caput), 1, relating to the head, 
relating to life, that which imperils a man's life, 
or caput (i.e., social p> ositio "' aml c ' ulJ ri 3hts in 
Rome) ; esp. used of capital crimes, res, Cic. ; 
iuimicus, a deadly enemy, Cic; odium, mortal 
hatred, Cic; oratio, dangerous, Cic; 2, _ first, 
chief, distinguished; Siculus ille capitalis, 
crcber, acutus, Cic ; ingeniuni, Ov. 

capito -onis, in. (caput), a man with a large 
head, Cic. • .. . 

Capitolium -ii, n. (caput), the. temple of 
Jupiter built upon the Tarpeian rock at Borne, the 
Capitol; used often of the whole hill or nions 
Capitolinus. Adj., Capitolinus -a -urn, Capi- 
toline; ludi, in honour of Jupiter Capitolinus, 
Liv. ; hence subst., CSpitolini -orum, m. the 
superintendents of these games, Cic. 

capitulatim, adv. (capitulum), briefly, 
summarily, Nep. 

capitulum -i, n. (dim. of caput), a little 
head, Plant. 

Cappadoces -urn, in. (KairndSoKc;), the in- 
habitants of Cappadocia; siug.^ Cappadox 
-5cis, ra. a Cappadocian; Cappadocia -ae, f. 
a district of Asia Minor, the most eastern Asiatic 
province of the Romans. Adj., Cappadocius 
and Cappadocus -a -um, Cappadocian. 

capra -ae, f. (caper). I. a she-goat. A. Lit, 
Cic. ; ferae, perhaps chamois, Verg. B. Meton., 
the odour under the armpits, Hor. II. Transf., 
A. a constellation, [Cic B. Caprae palus, the 
place in Rome where Romulus disappeared, Liv. 

caprea -ae, f. (capra), a roe, roebuck, Verg. ; 
prov., prius jungentur capreae lupis quani, etc 
(of an impossibility), Hor. > 

Capreae -arum, fV (Kawpeai), small island on 
the Campanian coast off Puteoli, to which Tiberius 
retired at the end of his life, now Capri. 

capreolus -i, m. (caper). . I.' a .roebuck, 
Verg. II. Meton., plur. , propi, supports, Caes. 
capricornus -i, ra. a sign of the Zodiac, 
Capricorn; Hor. 

caprifious -i, m. th* wild ' fig-tree ^ <*nrf ii$ 
fruity Pers. ' '-" 



cap 84 

c&prf gSnus -a -ura (caper and gigno), born 
of goats, Verg. 

c&prlmulgus -i, m. (capra and nmlgeo), a 
goat-milker— i.e., a countryman, Cat. 

C&prinus -a -um (caper), relating to a goat; 
pellis, Cic. ; prov., de lana caprina rixari, to con- 
tend about trifles, Hor. 

caprlpss -pSdis (caper and pes), goal-footed ; 
satyn, Hor. 

1. capsa -ae, f. (capio), a box or case for 
books, Cic. 

'2. Capsa -ae, f. (Ka\l/a), a town in Byzacium, 
now Kafsa (south of Tunis); hence, Capscnses 
-ium, in. the inhabitants of Capsa. 

capsarius -i, in. (capsa), a slarr. u-ho carried 
to school his young master's satchel, Suet. 

capsula -ac, f. (dim. of capsa), a little chest, 

C:it. 

captatlo -onis, f. (capto), an eager seizing, a 
catching; verbormn, quibbling, logomachy, Cic. 

captator -oris, in, (capto), one, who eagerly 
seizes; aurae popularis, eager after favour of the 
people, Liv. ; absol. a legacy-hunter, Hor., Juv. 

captlo -onis, f. (capio;, a, a cheat, deception; 
in parvula re captionis aliquid vereri, Cic. ; 
ineton., harm, loss; mea captio est, si, etc., Cic; 
b, a fallacy, sophism; quanta esset in verbis cap- 
tio, si, etc., Cic. ; captiones diseutere, explicare, 
repellere, Cic. 

captiose, adv. (captiosus), insidiously ; in- 
terrogure, Cic. 

captlosus -a -um (captio), 1, deceitful; socie- 
tatein captiosam et indignam, Cic. ; 2, sophis- 
tical, captious, insidious; captiosissimo generc 
interrogationis uti, Cic. Subst., captlosa 
-drum, u. sophistries, Cic. 

captiunoiila -ae, f. (dim. of captio), fallacy, 
quibble; omnes captfunculas pertiinescere, Cic. 

captivitas -5tis, f. (captivus), captivity, 
Tac ; urbium, conquest, Tac. 

captivus -a -um (captus, capio), taken, cap- 
tured. I. taken, in war, captive; a, of persous, 
cives Romani, Cic. ; gen. subst., captivus -i, 
ru. ; captiva -ae, f. a captive, Cic; poet., relit- 
ing to a prisoner; sanguis, Verg. ; crines, Ov. ; 
b, used of inanimate things, conquered, obtained 
as a prey; naves, Caes. ; agri, Tac. II. Gen., 
captured, taken; pisces, Ov. 

capto, 1. (intens. of capio), to seize, catch at, 
lay hold of, hunt. I. Lit., feras, Verg. II. 
Transf. A. Gen. to strive after, desire, seek ; ser- 
monem alicuius, Plant. ; plausus, risus, Cic. 
B. Esp. to seek to ivin, entice, allure craftily ; 
insidiis hostem, Liv. ; testumenta, to hunt for 
legacies, Hor. 

captus -us, m. (capio) 1 a catching, taking ; 
nieton., that which is taken, I'lin.; 2, primer of com- 
prehension, manner of comprehension, idea; utest 
captus hoininuni, Cic. ; Gerinanorum, Caes. 

Capua -ae, f. (Kanvjj), chief town of Cam- 
pania. Adj., Capuanus -a -um. 

c&pulus -i, m. (capio). I. a coffin; ire ad 
capulum, to go to the grave, Lucr. II. a handle. 
A. Gen., aratri, Ov. B. Esp. the hilt of a sword, 
Cic 

caput -itis, n. (root CAP, connected with 
re^aAtj), the head. L Lit. and Meton. A. Of 
living things, 1 of men, a, lit., the head; 
capite operto, obvoluto, involute, Cic ; caput 
alicui auferre, abscidere, praecidere, percutere, 
Liv. ; capita conferre, to put their heads together 
(of secret conversation), Liv. ; per caputqne 
pedesque ire praecipitem in lutum, to go over 
head and heels, Cat. ; nee caput nee pedes 
(habere), prov., of a businew which one does not 



Car 



know how to begin with, Cic. ; supra caput esse, 
of enemies, to threaten, Cic; caput extollere, to 
raise one's head again, Cic; b, meton., a person; 
caput liberum, Cic. ; carum caput, Verg. and 
Hor. ; in counting numbers, capitum Helveti- 
orum inilia cclxiii., Caes.; cxactio capitum, 
poll-ta.r, Cic. ; of curses, quod illorum capiti sit, 
may it fall on their heads, ap. Cic, ; c, life; ex- 
istence ; conjuratio in tyranni caput facta, Liv. ; 
esp. iu Rome, a man's political and social 
rights; judicium capitis, a sentence involving 
loss of caput — i.e., not necessarily of life, but of 
citizenship, e.g., exile; so capitis damnarc, Cic ; 
capite damnari, Cic. ; capitis minor, a person 
viho has suffered a loss of caput, Hor ; so capite 
deminui or miirui, to lose caput, to suffer a 
loss of status, to suffer a loss of political or social 
rights, Cic. ; 2, of animals, jumeuti, Nep. ; 
bclua inultorum es capitum, Hor.; melon., 
a head of cattle; bina bouni capita, Verg. 
B. Of tilings without life, the top, summit, 
outside; papaveris, Liv. ; areas capita, theeiuls, 
Verg. ; capita aspera mentis, Verg. ; of rivers, 
the source ; annus. Verg. ; Rheni, Caes. ; fig., 
the source; quo iuvento ab eo quasi capite 
disputatio ducitur, Cic. ; in ea est ions miseri- 
arum et caput, Cic. II. Transf., 1, of persons, 
the head, chief; omnium Graecorum concitand- 
orum, Cic. ; 2, a, of things without life, the chief, 
principal; cenae, the main dish, Cic; civilis 
prudentiae, leading principle, Cic. ; b, in laws 
and writings, the most imjwrtant part ; legis, 
Cic. ; c, of money, capital, de capite ipso dem- 
cre, Cic. ; d, of places, the capital ; Roma caput 
orbis terrarum, Liv. 

Capya -vis, ace yn, abl. -ye or-y, m. (Kdrus), 
1, soil of Assaracus, father of Anchises ; 2, king 
of Alba; 3, a companion of Aeneas; 4, a king 
of Capua. 

■■ Caralis -is, f. (KapoA^), and plur., Cara- 

les -ium, f. a town and promontory of the sume 
name in Sardinia, now Cagliari; hence Cara- 
litanus -a -um, of or belonging to Caralis. 

carb&sSus -a -um (carbasus), made of can- 
vas; vela, Cic. 

carbasus -i, m. (Knpnaao<;), plur. heterocl. 
gen., carbasa -orum, fine Spanish fax; gen. 
nieton., a Hides produced from it, a linen garment, 
a sail, Verg. 

carb&tinus (carpatinus), -a -um (Kapf3a.ri- 
vos), of untanned leather; crepidae, rustic shoes, 
Cat. 

carbo -onis, m. I. coal, charcoal; candens, 
Cic. ; fig., carbone notare, to mark witli black, 
i.e., think ill of any one, Hor. ; prov. carboneiu 
pro thesauro invenire, to find something of little 
value, Phaedr. II. cognomen of the Papirii. 

carbonarlus -ii, in. (carbo), a charcoal 
burner, Plant. 

car'ounculus -i, m. (dim. of carbo). L Lit. 
n little coal, Plaut. II. Transf. A. a kind of 
stone, Plin. B. a carbuncle, Plin. 

career -6ris, m. (connected with arceo and 
Gr. UpKOs), 1, a prison, jail, cell; in earcerem 
ducere, condere, conjicere, contrudere, inclu- 
dere, Cic. ; emitti e earcere, Cic. ; fig., qui e cor-- 
porum vinculis tamquam e earcere evolaverunt, 
Cic; meton., tlie prisoners confined in a jail ; in 
me earcerem effudistis, you haveempiiedtheprison, 
on inc, Cic. ; 2, gen. used in plur. carceres, the 
starting-p'nee of a racecourse (opp. meta, calx); 
e carceribu6 emitti cum aliquo, Cic; ad car- 
ceres a calce revocari, to begin, life anew, Cic. 

carcerarius -a -um (career), belonging to a 
prison, Plaut. 

Carched6nlus -a -um (Kap\riS6vi.os), Car- 
thaginian, Plaut. 



car 



85 



car 



carchesium -li, n. (Kapxr/aiov), a goblet with 
handles, contracted in the middle, Verg. 

cardacas -urn, m. (Persian carda, brave, 
warlike), a Persian troop, Nep. 

cardiacus -a -nm (xapSiaKo?), ■pertaining to 
the stomach ; of persons, suffering from a disease 
of the stomach; amicus, Juv. Subst., cardi- 
acus -i, ill. one who so suffers, Cic. 

oardo -Tnis, in. (connected with Gr. KpaSim, 
Kpa.Sa.ivu>, to swing), I. Lit. A. the hinge of a 
door; cardincm versare, to open a door, Ov. B. 
the point round which anything turns, a pole of the 
heavens; cardo duplex, the ends of the earth'saxis, 
Cic; poet., a point through which a line is drawn 
from north to south, Liv. ; quatuor cardines 
mundi, the four cardinal points, Quint. II. 
Transf. a chief circumstance, or consideration 
upon which many others depend ; baud tanto 
cessabit cardine rerum, Verg. 

carduus -i, in. a thistle, Verg. 

care, adv. (carus), dearly, at a high price ; 
aestimarc, ap. Cic. 

carectum -i, n. (for caricetum, from carex), 
a sedgy spot, Verg. 

careo -lii -Iturus, 2. to be without, destitute 
of, to want; gov. the abl. I. Gen. A. of per- 
sons, dolore, febri, Cic. B. of tilings, lege carens 
civitas, lawless, Cic. II. Esp. A. to make no 
use of; temeto, Cic; hence, of a place, to absent 
oneself from ; foro, senatu, publico, Cic; patria,to 
leave Rome, Tac. B. to be deprived of, to miss ; con- 
BUetudine ainicormn, Cic; libortate, Hor. ; absol., 
quamquam non caret is qui non desiderat, Cic. 

Cares -urn, in. (Kape?), inhabitants of Caria ; 
sing., Car, Caris. Hence, Caria -ae, f. (Kapi'o), 
the most southerly district of Asia Minor. Cari- 
ous -a -urn, Carian. Subst., Cariea -ae, f. 
(sc. ficus), a kind of dried fig, Cic. 

carex -icis, f. sedge, Verg. 

caries, ncc. -em, abl. -e (other cases not 
found), f. rottenness, decay, Ov. 

carina -ae, f. I. the keel of a ship. A. Lit., 
carinae aliquanto planiores quam nostrarum 
navium, Caes. B. Meton., a ship, vessel, Verg. 
II. Transf. plur., Carinae -arum, f. a spot in 
Home on the Esquiline where Pompey's house stood. 

cariosus -a -nm (caries), rotten, decayed, 
carious; dentes, Plin. ; transf., senectus, Ov. 

carls -Wis, f. (*apt's), a kind of crab, Ov. 

caristia = charistia (q.v.). 

caritas -atis, f. (cams), dearness, high price. 
I. Lit., numniorum, scarcity of 'money, Cic; absol. 
(sc. annonae), high price of the necessaries of life; 
annus in summa caritate est, it is a very dear 
year, Cic II. Transf. affection, love, esteem; in 
caritate et honore esse, Liv. ; compleeti aliquem 
amicitia et caritate, Cic; benevolentia devincire 
homines et caritate, Cic. ; civium, esteem of the. 
citizens, Cic. ; in pastures, Cic. ; inter natos et 
parentes, Cic. ; liberorum, for one's children, Cic. ; 
in plur., omnes omnium caritates patria una 
complexa est, Cic. 

carmen -litis, n. (from cano and suffix -men, 
orig. canmen, then casmen, then carmen), o 
song, tune, either vocal or instrumental. I. Gen. 
carmina vocum, Ov. ; the sonq of the swan, Ov. ; 
the screech of the owl, Verg. li. Esp. A. poetry, 
a poem of any kind; a, fundere, condere, con- 
texere, Cic. ; componere, fingere, scribere, Hor. ; 
faeere, Verg. ; b, lyric i>oetry, Hor. ; amabile, 
erotic poetry, Hor.; c, a part of a poem, Lucr. ; 
a passage in a poem; illud mollissimuin carmen, 
Cic. ; d, a prediction, oracular declaration, Liv. 
B. incantation, Verg. C. a religious or legal for- 
mula, in ancient times composed in verse ; cru- 
ciatus, Cic. ; lex horrendi carminis, Liy. 



Carmentis -is, f., and Carmenta -ae, f. 
(carmen = oracle), a prophetess, the mother of 
Evander, who camewithhim to iMtium, prophesied 
on. the Capitoline hill, and was afterwards rever- 
enced as a deity. Adj., Carmentalls -e, of or 
belonging to Carmentis; porta, a gate of flume 
near the temple of Carmentis, the right arch of 
which was called the porta scelerata, because the 
Fabiiwent through it on their journey to Cremera, 
where they were destroyed; plur., Carmoata- 
lia -ium, li. the festival of Carmentis. 

Carmo -Gnis, f. toxon in Hispania Baetica, 
now Carmone, in Andalusia. 

Carna -ae, f. (caro), the tutelary goddess of the 
nobler parts of the body, the heart, etc., confused 
by Ovid with Cardea, the goddess of hinges. 

carnarium -li, n. (caro), the larder, pantry, 
Plaut.; a frame provided with hooks to which 
provisions were hung, Plaut. 

Carneades -is, m. (KapveaSij?), philosopher 
of Cyrene, founder of the third Academic school, 
opponent ofZeno. 

carnifex -ficis, m. (2. caro 'and facio), the 
public executioner, hangman, Cic. ; used also as 
a term of reproach, tormentor, carnifex civium 
sociorumque, Cic. 

carnificina -ae, f. (carnifex), 1, the hang- 
man's office, Plant.; 2, place of torture, Liv.; 
transf. , torture, Cic 

carniflCO, 1. (carnifex), to slay, behead, Liv. 

Camutes -uin, in. people in the middle oj 
Gaul, whose chief town was Genabum, the modern 
Orleans, Caes. 

1. caro, 3. to card wool, Plaut. 

2. caro, carnis, f. flesh. 1. Lit. A. lacte et 
came vivere, Cic. ; plur., carnes vipereae, Ov. 
B. Meton. .used contemptuously of a man, ista 
peeus et caro putida, Cic. II. Transf. the 
pulpy parts of fruit, Plin. (old nom. carnis, 
Liv.). 

CarpathUS (-OS)-i, f. (Kapn-aSos), an island 
in the Aegaean sea, now Scarpanto. Adj.,Car- 
pathlUS -a -nm; vates, senex, Proteus, Ov. 

carpentum -i, n. 1, a two-wheeled carriage, 
a coach; carpento in foruin invehi, Liv.; 2, a 
baggage waggon; carpenta Gallica multa praeda 
onerata, Liv. 

Carpetani -orum, m. the Carpetani, a Span- ■ 
ish tribe in modem Castile and Estremadura, 
with chief toxen Toletum (now Toledo). 

carpo -psi -ptuin, 3. (connected with <cap£ui, 
apirofu), I. to pluck, pluck off. A. Lit. 1, with 
tnehand, floresex arbore, Ov. ; uvamde palmite, 
Verg. ; pensum, tospin, Hor. ; 2, with the mouth, 
a, to take something as food ; granien, to gntze, of 
a horse, Verg. ; thyma, of bees, to suck, Hor. ; b, 
to tear, pxdl to pieces; cibum, Ov. B. Ti-ansf., 
1, to pluck off; a, to select, choose out; flosculos, 
Cic. ; paucos ad ignominiam, Cic. ; b, poet., (a) 
to enjoy ; diem, Hor. ; auras vitales, Verg. ; (/3) 
of places, to pass over, luisten over ; prata fuga, 
Verg. ; mare, Ov. ; 2, a, to carp at, slander, calum- 
niate; aliquem maledico dente, Cic. ; b, nillii. 
t.t., to annoy, harass ; equitatu agmen adver- 
sariorum, Caes.; c, to weaken; vires paulatini, 
Verg. II. A. Lit. to rend; jecur, Ov. B. 
Transf. to separate, divide ; in multas parvasque 
partes exercituni, Liv. 

carptim, adv. (carptus, carpo), 1, in pieces, 
in single portions, in small )>arts. Sail. ; 2, In 
different places; aggredi, Liv.; 8, at different 
times; dimiss' carptim et singuli, Tac. 

carptor -oris, m. (carpo), one who carves 
food, Juv. 

oarruca -ae, f. a kind of four-wheeled car- 
riage, Suet. 



ou 



uati 



oatTUS -i, m. (carrum -i, n.), akindof four- 
wheeled htggage-waggon, Caes. 

Carseoli (CarsIiMi) -omm, in. (Kapu^okoi) a 
town in Latinm, now Anoli; hence, Carse- 
dlanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Carseoli, 

Carteja -ac, f., 1, a town in Hispania Bae- 
tica ; hence, ailj., Cartejanus -a -uni ; 2, 
town of the Olcades in Hispania Tarraconensis. 

Carthaea -ae, f. (Kapdaia), town on the south 
coast of the island Cm; hence adj., Carthacus 
•a -um, ami Cartheus -a -um, of or belonging 
to Carthaea. 

Carthago -11113, f., 1, the city of Carthage in 
N. Africa; 2, Carthago (Nova), colony of the 
Carthaginians in Hispania Tarraconensis, now 
Carthagena. Adj., Carthaginiensis -e, Car- 
thaginian, 

carvmcula -ae, f. (dim. of cam), a small 
piece of flesh, Cic. 

cams -a -um, 1, high-priced, dear; aimoua 
carior, annona carissima, Cic. ; 2 f dear, beloved, 
esteemed; patria, quae est milii vita mea inulto 
candr, Cic; carum habere, to love, esteem, Cic. 

Caryae -arum, f. (Kapi'cu), town in Laconia, 
with a temple to Artemis (Diana); hence, Car- 
yatides, ace. -Idas, f. the Laconian maidens 
who served in the temple of Artemis; hence, in 
architecture, the figures of women in the. place of 
pillars, Vitr. 

Caryatos -i, f. (Kopvo-nK), 1, town on the 
soidh coast of Euboea, famous for its marble ; 
hence adj., Carysteus -a -um, and Carystius 
-a -um, of or belonging to Carystos; 2, town of 
the Ligurians. 

casa -ae, f. (root CAS, whence castrum), 
a hut, cottage, cabin, Cic. ; barrack, Caes. 

oasoolus -i, in. (dim. of caSEua), a little 
cheese, Verg. 

cascus -i, in. (casenm -i, n., Plant), 
a cheese ; caseum premerc, to make cheese, Verg;; 
collect., villa abundat caseo, Cic, 

casia -ae, f. (/(071a), 1, " tree with an. aw 
matte bark, like cinnamon, Verg. ; 2, the sweet' 
smelling mezercon, Verg. 

CiiOinum, -i, n. a town in Campania an the 
rnlhmivs; hence, Casilinatcs -nm, and 
Cnsillnenses -Iuin, in. inhabitants of Cktsi- 
linum. 

Casinum -i, n. a town in Latinm. Adj., 
Casinns -atis, of or belonging to Casinum. 

Caspium mare or pelagus, and Cas- 

piUS OCeanUS (to Kdo-7uoi' 7re'Aayos), the Cas- 
pian Sea. Adj., Casplus -a -um, Caspian. 

Cassandra -ae, f. (Kao-o-aiopa), daughter of 
Priam, on whom the gift of prophecy was conferred 
by Apollo, with the reservation that no one should 
believe her. 

Cassandrea and ia, ae, f. (Kao-o-aiopaa), 
the town of l'olidaea in Chuhidice, destroyed by 
Philip, re-built and re-named by Cassander; 
hence, a, Cassandrensca -Iran, m. the in- 
habitants of Cassandrea ; b, Cassandrcus 
-Si, m. (Kacr^av&pevi) = Apollodorus, tyrant of 
Cassandrea, Ov. 

cassc, adv. (cassus), in vain, without result, 
Liv. 

cassida -ae, f. a helmet, Verg. 

1. Ccsslope-es, f.(Ka.<r<Ti6nti),v>ifcofCepheus, 
mother of Andromeda, changed into a star. 

2. CaSLiope -es, f. (Kao-o-idwr)), town in, 
Corcyro. 

1. cassis -idis, f. A. a metal hcL, et, Caes. 
B. Heton., war, Juv. 



2. cassis -is, yan. plur. casscs -ium, m. « 
net. I. A. a hunter's net; casses nonere, Ov, 
B. Transf., a trap, a snare, Ov. II. a spider's 
web, Verg. 

cassiterum -i, n. (Kao-o-iVepos), tin; hence 
Cassiterides -um, f. (Kao-o-iTepi'Sc?), the tin 
islands, the Stilly Isles, Plin. 

Cassius -a -um, name of a Roman- gens, ori- . 
ginally patrician, ctftcrwards plebeian. The most 
notable members were ; 1, L. Cassius Longinus 
Ravilla, celebrated as an upright judge, author of 
the lex tabellaria Cassia, that jurymen should 
vote by ballot; hence Cassianus -a -urn : 
Cassian, ; judex, an upright judge, Cic. ; 2, the ■ 
consul L. Cassius, conquered and killed by the 
Hchxtii, 107 a.c. i 3, C. Cassius Longinus', one 
of (hemurderers of Caesar ; 4, Cassius Parmensis, 
a poet, another of Caesar's murderers; 5, *'. 
Cassius Longinus, a celebrated lawyer tinder • 
Tiberius. 

cassus -a -um (perhaps from careo). I. 
Lit., empty, hollow; mix, Plant.; poet., with 
abl. or genit., deprived of; lumine cassus or 
aethere cassus, dead, Verg. II. Transf. worth- 
less,nscless, vain; cassuin quiddam et inani vocis 
sono decoratum, Cic; in cassum, in vain, Liv. 

Castalla -ae, f. (Kao-raAi'a), ft spring on 
Mount Parnassus, sacred to Apollo anil the Muses. 

Adj., CastSlIus -a -um, and Castalis -idis, 

f. Castalian; sorores, the Muses, Mart. 

castanea -ae, f., l, the chestnut-tree, Col. j 
2, the chestnut ; castaneae nuces, Verg. 

caste, adv. (castus). I. purely, spotlessly; 
caste et integre vivere, Cic. II. a, innocently, 
chastely, Cic. ; b, piously, religiously ; caste rid 
deos adire, Cic 

castcllanus -a -um (castellnm), relating to 
a fortress; Iriiiinphi, on the capture of fortresses 
Cic. Suust., castellan! -ornm, m. the garri- 
son of a fortress, i^all. 

castcllatim, adv. (castellnm), in single fort- 1 
rcsscs ; dissipati, l.iv. 

castellum -i, n. (dim. of castrum). I. A, 
a castle, fortress, fort, Gift B. Transf. protection \ 
refuge; omnium scelerum, Liv. II, a dwelling . 
on a height, Verg. 

casteria -ae, f. a portion, of a ship, used as. ,\ 
resting-place for rowers, Plant. 

castigabllis -e (castigo), worthy of punish- 
ment, Plant. 

castlgatio -onis, f. (oastigo), punishment, 
chastisement, reproof; aflicere aliqueni castiga, ' 
tionibus, Cic; verborum, Liv. 

castlgator -oris, m. (castigo), one who re. 

proves or punishes, Liv. 

CastigatoriUS -a -um (castigo), correcting, ' 
Plin. 

castigatus -a -um (partic. ofcastigo),c7(cW.v<7, 
restrained, hence small, neat, as a term of praise; 
pectus, Ov. 

castigo (castum-.igo, as purgo = puruni ago), 
1. to reprove, chasten, punish. I. Lit., pueroo 
verbis, verberibus, Cic II. Transf., a, to cor- 
rect, amend; carmen, Hor. ; b, to check, restrain, 
fig., examen in trutina, to amend one's o}nnion, 
Pers. 

castimoma -ae, f. (castus), 1, bodily pur- 
ity, Cic. ; 2, moral purity, Cic. 

castitas -atls, f. (castus), abstinence from, 
sensual pleasure, chastity, Cic. 

1. castor -oris, m. (koo-t«p), the beaver, Cic. . 

2. Castor -oris, m. (KacTTwp), the son ofTyn- 
danis and Leda, twin-brother of Pollux and Helen. 
Ecastor, mccastor, By Castor I a common form 
of oath iir Rome. 



cas 



87 



oat 



castoreum, -i, n. an aromatic secretion ob- 
tained from the beaver, Verg. 

castrensis -e (castra), pertaining to a camp, 
Cic. 

castro, 1, to castrate, Plaut. 

castrum -i, n. (root CAS, whence casa). 

1, Sing., a castle, fort, fortress, Nep. ; oftener 
in sing, as a proper name, e.g., Castrum Inui 
in Latium. II. Plur., castra -orum, n. A. 
Lit., 1, a camp fortified by a ditch (fossa) and a 
mound (agger) surmounted by pedisades (vallum) ; 
stativa, permanent, Cic; avstivn, summer quar- 
ters, Suet. ; hibcrna, winter quarters, Liv. ; na- 
valia, a naval encamptnent, when the ships were 
drawn up on the beach and protected by an 
entrenchment, Caos. ; ponerc, Liv. ; locare, 
facere, to encamp, Cie. ; movere, to break up the 
lamp, Caes. ; promovere, to advance, Caes. ; re- 
moveiv, or movere retro, tn retreat, lav. ; hostem 
castris exuere, tn take- the enemy's camp, Liv. ; 
fig., like the English camp, of a party, in Epieui i 
nos adversarii nostri castra conjecimus, Cic; 

2, esp., a, the camp of the praetorian guard at 
Rome ; praetoriana, Suet. ; b, as a proper name, 
Castra Cornelia, a height near Utica. B. Transf., 
of a bee-hive, cerea castra, Verg. C. Meton., 

1, a day's march; tertiis castris pervenit, Liv. ; 

2, martial service, magnum in castris usunt 
habere, Caes. 

castus -a -um (connected with Gr. xaSapos). 
I. pure, spotless, innocent; homo castissimus, 
Cic. II. Esp. A. .1, temperate, unselfish; homo 
castus ac non cupidus, Cic; 2, chaste; matro- 
nai'UlU castissiina, Cic. B. Transf., of things, 
Cassii castissiina domus, Cic. C. of religion, 
pious, religious, holy; hac casti maneant in 
rcligione nepotcs, Verg. ; castam contionem, 
sanctum campum defendo, Cic. 

casula -ae, f. (dim. of casa), a little hut, 
cottage, 1'lin. 

casus -lis, in. (cado), (i falling, fall, Liv. I. 
Ocn. A. Lit., a, nivis, Liv.; b, of a season, 
end; extrcmae sub casum hiemis, Verg.; c, in 
grammar, case; casus rectus, the nominative, 
Cic. B. Transf, a, fall; nunin gravis casus in 
servitiuin ox regno fovet, Sail.; b, occasion, op- 
portunity; aul. vi aut dolis se casum victome 
inventuvum, Sail. ; c, accident, event, occurrence; 
novi casus temporum, Cic. ; abl. casu, by chance; 
evenire non temerc nee casu, Cic. ; d, disaster, 
mishap; mens ille casus tani horribilis, tam 
gravis, etc., Cic. ; reipublicae, Sail. II. destruc- 
tion, ruin; a, of things, urbis Trojanae, Verg. ; 
b, of persons, violent death; Saturnini atque 
Gracchorum casus (plur.), Caes. 

Catabathmos -i, m. (KaTa/3a0p.os), a inlley 
on the borders of Africa and Asia, now the valley 
of Akabah. 

catadromus -i, in. (Kai-aSpo/uos), a rope for 
rope-dancing, Suet. 

Catadupa -orum, n. (KaraSovrra), the Nile 
cataracts on the Ethiopian frontier, now cataracts 
of Wady Haifa. 

CdtagelaSimUS -a -Uiu («aTa-yeAacnp.os), 
serving as a subject of jest, Plant. 

calagraphus -a -um (xaTaypocpo?), painted. 
\rti-coloured, Cat. 

CatamltUS -i, m. the Latin name for Gany- 
mtdes. 

Cataonia -ae, f. a district of the Roman 
province Cappadocia. 

cataphractes -aj, in. (KaTa<i>puKT>j?), a 
breast-plate of iron scales, Tac. ; hence, adj., 
cataphractUS -a -um, mail-clad, Liv. 

cataplus -i, in. (/coTa7rAous), the arrival of a 
ship ; hence meton., a ship that is arriving, Cic. 



pa 



catapulta -ae, f. (KaraneK-rrn), an engine of 
war for throwing arrows, a catapult, Liv. 

catapultarius -a -um (catapulta), relating 
to a catapult, Plaut. 

cataracta (catarr.) -ae, f , and oataraot- 
es -ae, m. (KaTappaKT>)«)> 1» a waterfall, esp. cr 
cataract o/ the Nile, Sen. ; 2, a sluice or flood-- 
gate, Plin. ; 3, a portcullis, Liv. 

catasta -ae, f. (Karacrrao-i^), a stage upon 
which slaves were exposed in the market, Pers. 

cate, adv. (catus), skilfully, cleverly, Cic. 

cateja -ae, f. a kind of dart, Verg. 

1. catella -ae, f. (dim. of catula), a little 
bitch, Juv. 

2. catella -ae, f. (dim. of catena),, a little 
chain, Liv. 

catellus -i, in. (dim. of catulus), a little 
dog, Cic. 

catena -ae f. (root CAT, CAS, whence cas-' 
sis), 1, a cliain, fetter; aliquem catenis vincire, 
Liv.; aliquem in catenas conjicere, Liv.; alicul 
catenas injicere, Cic; in catenis tenere, Caes. ; 
fig., restraint; leguin citenae, Cic. ; 2, a chain, 
series, Lucr. 

catcnatUS -a -um (catena), chained, bound; 
Britannus, Ilor. ; labores, unremitting, Mart. 

caterva -ae, f. crowd, troop. I. Of nieu, 
A. Gen., magna togatornm, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
a troop of soldiers, esp. of barbarian soldiers, of 
mercenaries as op p. to Roman legionaries, Hor., 
Tac. ; 2, a company of actors, Cic. ; 3, the chorus 
in the drama, Cic. II. Of animals, Verg. 

catervarius -a -um (caterva), belonging to 
a troop, Suet. , 

catervatim, adv. (caterva), in troops, in 
masses, SaV..-,-Lucr. 

cathedra -ae, f. (icadeSpa.). I. A. a chair, , 
principally used by ladies, Hor.; also, a litter 
for women, Jw. B. Meton., cathedrae mnlles, 
luxurious women, .luv. II, a -professor's chair, 
Juv. 

Catilina -ae, in., L. Sergius, a Unman of 
noble birth, who headed a conspiracy against the 
state., ami was killed in Ixittle at Faesulae, B.C. <i"2; 
hence adj., Catilinarius -a-um, Catiliuarian. 

catillo, 1. (catillus), to lick plates, Plaut. 

1. catillus -i, m. (dim. of catinus), a small 
dish or platr, Hor. 

2. Catillus -i, m. son of Amphiaraus, one of 
the legendary founders ofTibur. 

Catina -ae, f. (Karon)), and Catane -es, f. 
a toivn on the east coast of Sicily, at the foot of 
Mount Aetna, now Catania. Adj., Catincnsis 
-e, of or belonging to Catina. 

catinum -i, n. and catinus -i, m. a broad, 
flat dish, Hor. ; 

Cato -Cinis, in. I. a cognomen belonging to the 
plebeian gens l'orcia. 1, M. Porcius Cato Cen- ■ 
sorius (235-147 B.C.), celebrated for his upright- 
ness and strenuous support of the old Roman ■ 
simplicity and discipline, author of several works, 
among which the most noted are the Origines and 
do He rustica ; 2, M. Porcius Cato the younger, 
bailer of the senatorial party on the death of r-om- 
peius, killed himself at Utica, B.C. 4G, on the final 
ruin of his party (hence called Uticeii9is). 
Adj.,_Catonianus -a -um, Catonian. Subst., 
Catonini -orum, in. the party of the younger 
Catn. Plur., Catoncs, men nf the old Roman ' 
type, like Cato, Cic. II. M. Valerius Cato, a 
freed/man of Gaul, grammarian and poet in the ' 
time of Sulla. 

catonium -i, n. (kotui), the lower world; with 



cat 



83 



cav 



* play on the word Cato, vereor ne in catonium 

Catuninos, Cic. 

, catta -ae, f. cat or weasel, Mart. 

catiila -ae, f. a little bitch, Prop. 

c&tulinus -a -um (catulus), relating to a 
dog ; caro, Plant. ; or subst., c&tulina -ae, f. 
dog's flesh, Plin. 

Catullus -i, in., Q. Valerius Catullus, a cele- 
brated Jioman elegiac and epigrammatic poet, bom 
in or netir Verona, B.C. 87. Adj., CatUllianus 
-a -11111. 

1. catulus -i, m. (dim. of eatus), a young 
animal, esp. of the dog or cat kiud ; a, suis, 
Plaut. ; leonis, Hor. ; lupi, Verg. ; nrsae, Ov. ; 
b, esp. a young dog, whelp, puppy, Cic. 

2. Catulus -i, m., the name of a branch of the 
pleUian gens Liitatia. I. C. LuUtius Catulus, 
consul B.C. 242, who brought the First J unic War 
to a close by the. victory of Aegusa, B.C. 241. II. 
O,. Lutatius Catulus, consid with Matins, B.C. 
102, defeated the Vimbri at the battle of Vercellae; 
perished in the. proscription of Sulla, B.C. 87. 
ill. Q. Lutatius Catulus, son of the preceding, an 
honest and popular aristocratic statesman, contem- 
porary with Cicero; consul, B.C. 7S ; died b.c. 60. 

catUS -a -urn, 1, sagacious, acnde, clever (opp. 
stultus), Cic; 2, cunning, sly, in a bad sense, 
Hor. 

CaUC&SUS -i, in. (KaiJicao-o?), mountains se- 
parating Asia from Europe. Adj., Caiicaslus 
-a -um, Caucasian. 

Cauda -ae, f. the tail of an animal; 1, leonis, 
Cic. ; caudam trahere, to wear a tail, a. fool's cap, 
Hor. ; 2, cauda Verrina, the appendage to the 
name of Verres which was changed to Verrucius, 
with a play on the word verres (boar). 

C.udcus -a -urn, made of rushes, Plant. 

oaudex (codex) -Icis, ni. the stem or trunk 
of a tree, Verg. 

caudicalls -e (caudex), relating to wood, 
Plaut. 
oa adicat ius, v. codicarius. 

Caudium -li, n. an old city in Somnium, 
near tlie pass of the Caudine Forks, in which the. 
Roman army u>as enclosed by the Samnites, h.c. 
321. Adj., Caudinus -a -um, Caudine; fur- 
culae, Liv. ; proelium, Cic. 

caulae -arum, f. (contr. for cuvillae, from 
cavus), 1, a hole, opening, Lucr. ; 2, a sheep-fold, 
Verg. 

caulls -is, m. (connected with Kav\6<;). A. 
the stalk of a plant, esp. the cabbage-plant, Plin. 
B. Transf., anything of similar form; pennae, 
a quill, Plin. 

Caulon -onis, m. and Caulonia -ae, f. 
(KavAuV), Italian town in Ilrnttii. 

Caunus (Cauuos) -i, f. (Knvi'ot), re town in 
Caria. Adj., Caunous or ius -a -um. 

caupo -onis, m. a small shopkeeper, or inn- 
keeper, Cic. 

oaupdna -ae, f. (c.iupo), a tavern, inn, Cic, 
Hor. 

cauponlus -a -um (caupo), belonging to an 
innkeeper, Plant, 

cauponor, 1. dep. (caupo), to trade in any- 
thing, Knn. 

cauponula -ae, f. (dim. of caupo), a little 
inn, Cic. 

caurus (c&rus), -i, m. the north-west wind, 
Verg., Caes. 

causa (caussa) -ae, f. (cado), a cause, reason, 
motive, inducement. A. 1, magna, levis, |uata, 
Cic. ; cum causa, with good reason, Cic. ; sine 
causa, without reason, Cic. ; with genit., causa 



belli, Cic. ; with infln. (poet.), quae causa fuit 
consurgere iu anna, Verg. ; ob earn causani quia,' 
etc., Cic; quidnam esse causae cur, etc, Cic; 
propter banc causam quod, etc., Cic; ea est 
causa ut (with subj.), Liv. ; quid est causae quia 
(with subj.), Cic; eis causis qiioniinus (with 
subj.), Caes.; in causa haec sunt, Cic; all'errc 
causam, Cic. ; alicui inferre causam, Cic ; alicui 
causam alicuiusrei dare, Cic; causae esse, Caes.; 
causam alicuius rei sustinere, to bear the blame, 
Cic; 2, excuse; causam acciperc, Cic; 3, pre- 
text; causas novarum postulationum quaerere, 
Cic; fingere causam, Cic ; 4, cause of a disease, 
Cic; 5, abl., causa, on account of; joci causa, 
Cic; verbi causa, for example, Cic; mea causa, 
Cic ; so tua, nostra, etc. B. 1, case; armis in- 
feriores, non causa fiunt, Cic ; 2, situation, 
condition; erat in meliore causa, Cic; 3, tide, 
party ; causa quam Pompeius susccperat, Cic ; 
4, point in an argument, subject ; causam disse- 
rendi, Cic; 5, lawsuit; causa capitis, Cic; 
causae dictio, pleading, Cic; causam defendere, 
Cic. ; causam dicere, to plead, Cic ; causam sur- 
ripere, Cic. ; causani perdere or causa cadere, 
to lose a suit, Cic. 

causarius -a -um (causa A. 4), sickly, dis- 
et v.d, Sen.; hence subst, causani -oruin, in. 
inilit. t.L, invalided, discharged on account of 
illness, Liv. 

causia -ae, f. (xaiKji'a), a w/n7e broad-brimmed 

Macedonian hut, Plant. 

causidlCUS -i, m. (causa and dico), an advo- 
cate, barrister, used contemptuously to denote 
one who pleads for money and without skill ; 
distinguished from orator, Cic 

causificor, 1. (causa and facio), to bring 
forward as a reason or pretext, Plaut. 

causor, 1. dep. (causa), to give as a reason, or 
pretext; to plead, pretend; multa, Lucr.; con- 
seiisum patrum, Liv.; valetudinein, Tac 

CaustlOUS -a -um (Kav<rriK(k), burning, caus- 
tic. Subst., causticum -i, n. caustic, Plin. 

causula -ae, f. (dim. of causa), 1, re little law 
suit, Cic ; 2, re slight occasion, Auct. B. Afr. 

caute, adv. (cautus), cautiously, carefully; 
caute pedetemptiinque dieere, Cic. 

cautes (cotes) -is, f. a rough sharp rock, 
Caes., Verg. 

cautim, adv. (cautus), cautiously, carefully, 
Ter. 

cautio -onis, f. (contr. from cavitio, from 
cavco). I. caution, care, foresight, precaution; 
cautioiiem adhibere, Cic. ; hence, res cautioneui 
habet, a, the affair needs caution, Cic. ; b, al- 
lows of foresight, Cic II. Legal t.t., security, 
bail, bond, Cic ; chirograph], written, Cic 

cautor -oris, m. (caveo), 1, one who is on 
his guard, Plaut. ; 2, one who gives bail for 
another, Cic. 

cautus -a um (caveo), 1, a, cautions, wary, 
careful, circumspect ; paruin putantur cauti provi- 
dique fuisse, Cic. ; in scribendo, Cic. ; consilia 
cautiora, Cic; b, sly; vulpes, Hor.; 2, of 
property, made safe, secured; quo mulieri esset 
res cautior, Cic. 

cavaedlum -i, n. = cavum aedium, the open 
quadrangle formed by the inner walls of a house, 
Plin. 

cavea -ae, f. (cavus). I. re hollow place, 
cavityi Plin. II. Esp. A. an inclosure, a den 
for wild animals, Luc ; esp. a, re birdcage, 
Cic. ; b, re beehive, Verg. B. a, the seats in a 
theatre or amphitheatre; prima, the first tier, 
the place of honour where the knights sot ; media, 
summa, less distinguished seats, Cic. ; b, the 
whole theatre, Cic. 



cav 



89 



caveo, ciivi, cautum, 2. to be on one's guard, 
I. to guard against, beware, avoid; absol., nisi 
cavetis, Cic. ; with ab, ab aliquo, Cic. ; with 
ace, aliquem, to be on one's guard against, Cic; 
pass., caveiula etiam gloriae cupiditas, we must 
be on our guard against, Cic. ; witli infill., in 
quibus cave vereri ne, etc., Cic. ; with ne, ut 
ne, and the subj., quod ut ne accidat cavendum 
est, Cic. ; with subj. alone, cave ignoscas, Cic. ; 
with lit and the subj., Cic. II. to take precau- 
tions. A. With dat. of persons for whom, qui 
in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutuni, Cic; 
with ad, satis cautum tibi ad defcnsioncin, Cic. ; 
witli ut and the subj., to take care, Cic. B. Esp., 
legal t.t., 1, to give security for ; praedibus et 
praediis populo, Cic. ; 2, to get security; ab sese 
caveat, Cic. ; 3, to provide for in writing, to 
order ; a, by will, heredi velle cavere, Cic. ; b, 
in a treaty, de quibus cautum sit foedere, Cic ; 
C, in a law, cautum est in legibus Scipionis ne, 
etc., Cic. (Imper. cave sometimes in poet.) 

civerna -ae, f. (cavus), a hollow place, grotto, 
cavern, Cic. ; navis, the hold, Cic. ; coeli, the 
vault of heaven, Lucr. 

cavilla -ae, f. (dim. of cavus), empty jesting, 
raillery, scoffing, Plaut. 

cavillatio -onis, f. (cavillor), raillery, jest- 
ing, irony, Cic. 

cavlllator -oris, m. (cavillor), a jester, joker, 
humourist, Cic 

cavillor, 1. dcp. (cavilla), to jest, joke, sati- 
rise, make game of; 1, cum aliquo, Cic. ; in eo 
cavillatus est, Cic. ; alicuius praetextam, Cic. ; 
tribunos plebei cavillans, Liv. ; 2, to make cap- 
tious objections ; cavillari tribuui, Liv. 

cavillula -ae, f. (dim. of cavilla), a little jest, 
Plaut. 

cavo, 1. (cavus), to hollow, make hollow, ex- 
cavate ; naves ex arboribus, Liv. ; oppida cuui- 
culis, to undermine, Plin. ; parmam gladio, to 
pierce, Verg. ; luna cavans cornua, waning, Plin. 
Partic, cavatua -a -um, hollowed out, hollow; 
rupes, Verg. 
oavum.-i, n. (cavus), a hole, cavity, cave, Liv. 
cavus -a -um, hollow, concave (opp. plenus). 
I. Lit., vena, Cic; vallis, Liv.; nubes, Verg. ; 
ftumina, deep-cluinnelled, Verg. ; luna, waning, 
Plin. II. Meton., empty ; imago formae, Verg. 

Ciystrus -i, in. (Kaii<rTpos), a river in Lydia, 
famous for its swans; hence adj., Caystrlus 
-a -um, Cayslrian; ales, the swan, Ov. 

ce, au inseparable particle joined on to pro- 
nouns and adverbs — e.g., hisce, Cic 

Cea -ae, f. and Ceos, ace. Ceo (Ke'ut), one 
of the Cyclades Islands, birthplace of the poet 
Simonides. Adj., Ceus -a -um, Cean, Camenae, 
the poetry of tiimonides, Hor. 

Cebenna (Gehenna) mons, m. a mountain- 
chain in Gaul (now the Cevennes). 

Cebren -enis, m. (Ke/Jpjji'), a river-god in, 
Troas, father of Oenone and Hesperie. Hence, 
Cebrenls -Mis, f. the daughter of Cebren, i.e., 
Hesperie, Ov. 

Cecrops -opis, m. (KeVpoi^), the first king of 
Attica, mythical founder of Athens; hence, a, 
Cecropides -ae, m. descendant of Cecrops, e.g., 
Theseus, Ov. ; plur. the Athenians, Verg. ; b, 
Cecropls -idis, f. a female descendant of Cecrops, 
e.g., Aglauros, daughter of Cecrops, Ov. ; Procne 
and Philomela, daughters of Pandion, Ov. ; adj., 
terra, Attica, Ov. ; ales, Procne, Ov. ; c, Ce- 
cropius -a -um, Cecropian, arx, Ov. ; and subst., 
Cecrdpia -ae, f. the citadel of Athens, Plin. ; 
also, relating to Attica and 4Mwiis; Athenian, 

Attis, 



eel 

1. cedo, cessi, cessuni, 3. I. Gen., to go, 
proceed. A. Lit., per ora, Hor. B. Transf., 1, 
to come to something, to turn out, to happen ; 
alicui male, Ov. ; 2 t to fall to the lot of; ut 
etiam is quaestus huic cederet, Cic ; res omnis 
Albana in ltomanum cedit imperium, Liv. ; 3, 
to change to, to become; hue omnis aratri cesa- 
it honos, Verg. II. Esp., A. Lit., to give 
grounil, retire; cedam atque abibo, Cic. ; horas 
cedunt et dies, Cic ; e patria, or (simply) patria, 
Cic. ; ab or de oppido, Cic. ; e vita or vita, Cic; 
e memoria or memoria, Liv. ; with dat. of the 
person before whom one retreats, infenso hosti, 
Liv. B. Transf., 1, to submit, yield; minis 
alicuius, Cic ; tempori, Cic ; precibus alicuius, 
Cic. ; 2, to be inferior to ; alicui virtute, Caes. ; 
3, to give up a right or some property ; with abl. 
and dat, alicui possessione bonorum, Cic ; with 
ace, multa niultis de jure, Cic; permitto alU 
quid iracundiae tuae, do adolesceutiae, cedo ami- 
citiae, tribuo parenti, Cic. 

2. cedo and plur. cette. (contracted from 
cedito and cedite), 1, here with it! give here; 
cedo aquam manibus, Plaut.; cedo ut bibaiii, 1 
Plaut. ; 2, out with it ! let us hear, tell us; also, 
cedo dum, Plaut., Ter. ; 3, to call attention, 
see here; cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Cic. 

cedrus -i, f. (*e'Spos). L the cedar, or juni- 
per tree, Plin. II. Meton., A. cedar-wood, Verg. 
B. cedar oil; carmina liuenda cedrn, worthy of 
immortality (as the cedar oil preserved from 
decay), Hor. 

Celaenae -arum, f. (KeXaii/ou), a tow, in 
Phrygia, near tlie Maeander, Liv. Adj., Celae- 
naeus -a -um, Celaenean. 

Cclaeno -us, f. (K«Xaii/u>). X. daughter of 
Atlas, placed in the sky as one of the Pleiades. II. 
one of the Harpies. Appell., a covetous woman, 
Juv. 

celator -oris, m. (celo), a concealer, Lucr. 

celeber -bris -bre and Celebris -e. numer- 
ous. I. Of places, meetings, etc., A. Lit., 
much frequented; portus, Cic B. Transf., 1, 
lionoured ; funus fit regium, magis amore civium 
et caritate quam cura suoruiu celebre, Liv. ; 
2, renowned, distinguished, well-known; a, of 
things, res tota Sicilia celebenima atque notis- 
sima, Cic. ; b, of persons, famous ; clarissim- 
arum urbium excidio celeberriini viri, Liv. II. 
often repeated; vox celeberrima, Ov. 

eclobratio -onis, f. (celebro), 1, a numerous 
assembly; quae eelebratio qnotidiana, Cic. ; 2, 
numerous attendance upon a festival, celebration ; 
ludorum, Cic. 

celebrator -oris, m. (celebro), one who 
praises or extols, Mart. : 

celebratus -a -um, p. adj. (from celebro), 
1, numerously attended ; a, of places, much 
frequented ; forum rerum venalitim totius regni 
maxiine celebratuni, ball. ; b, of festivals, kept 
solemn, festive; dies festus eelebratusqne per 
oinnem Africam, Liv.; 2, known; a, res eele- 
bratissimae omnium sermone, Cic. ; b, praised, 
honoured; eloquentia, Tac 

celebritas -atis, f. (celeber), 1, a frequenting 
in large numbers, numerous attendance at; loei, 
Cic. ; of a festival, celebration ; supremi diei, at 
a funeral, Cic; 2, amultitude, concourse; virorum 
ac mulierum, Cic. ; 3, fame, renown ; celebrit- 
atem sermonis hominum consequi, Cic. 

celobro, 1. (celeber), 1 to visit frequently, 
or in large numbers ; domum alicuius, Cic. ; seji- 
ulcrnm hominum conventu epulisque, Cic. ; 2, to 
celebrate, solemnise ; festos dies ludorum, Cic ; 
celebratur omnium sennono loetitiaque con- 
vivium, Cic. ; 3, to publish, make known ; fac- 
tum esse cowsulein Mureimiu nuotii Jjtteraeque 



Col 



90 



cen 



cclcbrnsscnt, Cic. ; 4, to praise, honour ; cgres- 
suiii alicuius ernare atquc celebrare, Cic. ; nomen 
allcuiua Bcriptis, Cic; 5, to practise, often, 
exercise ; sites, Cic; ncc unura genus est divina- 

tioiiis publico privatimquo celobratuin, Cic 

Cclemna -ac, f. a town in Campania, not 
far from Teanum. 

color -oris, -6ro (root CEL, comtoctod with 
cello, celox, /ce'A<o, Ke'A.>)0> swift, quick, rapid. I. 
Lit., navis, Ov. II. Transf., A. 1, in a good 
sense, mens qua nihil est celerius, Cic ; 2, in 
a bad sense, hasty, rash, precipitate ; consilia 
celeriora, over hasty plans, Liv. 

colore, adv. (celer), quickly, swiftly, Plant. 

Celeres -urn, in. (connected with «'Ai/s), 
the name of the body-guard of the Roman kings, 
Liv. 

celeripes -pedis (celer and pes), swift- 
footed, Cic 

ccleritas-atis, f. (celer), quickness, swiftness, 
celerity. I. Lit., equorum, Cic. II. Transf., 
orationis, Cic; actionis, Cic; animorum, Cic. 

celeriter, adv.' (celer), quickly, swiftly, Cic 

celcro, 1. (celer). 'I. Transit., to make q-.dck, 
hasten, accelerate; fugam, Verg. II. Intransit., 
t. hasten, Lucr., Cat. 

CeloUS -i, in. (Ke\eos), king in Elcusis, who 
hospitably entertained Ceres, and was taught by 
her agriculture ami the mysteries of her worship. 

cella -ao, f. a room. I. Ih a Roman house. 

A. Of a town-house, 1, a room for persons, esp. 

. the servants' rooms, Cic; 2, a storehouse; with or 

without penaria, Cic. ; in cellani dare, imperare, 

cmerc, to give out, ordcr t buy things for the hcuse, 

Cic. B. Of a country-house, 1, store/muse ; 

'penaria, for corn, olearia, for oil, vinaria, for 

vine, Cic; transf., Capua cella atJqne horreum 

Campani agri, Cic ; 2, place for keeping birds, 

Col. C. In a lodging-house, a mean apartment, 

•Mart. II, In a teniplo, the shrine of the god's 

image, Cic. III. the cell of a beehive, Verg. 

cellariUS -a -nm (cella), relating to a store- 
room, l'laut. Snbst., cellarius -i, in. a store- 
keeper, cellarer, Plant. 

celliila -ae, f. (dim. of cella), a little cham- 
ber, or cell, Ter. 

cclo, 1. to hide, conceal, keep secret; soiit"ii- 
tiam Bliam, Cic; dolorem vultu tegcrc et taci- 
. tumitate celare, Cic ; with aec. of the thing 
concealed and ace of person from whom it is 
concealed; non tc celavi sermonem T. Ampii, 
Cic ; with de and the aol. of the person ; de in- 
sidiis te eclarc noluit, Cic. 

C&lox -ocis, f. (root CEL, v. celer), a swift 
vessel, or yacht, Liv. ; publica, packet-boat, Plant. 

1. CClsus -a -um (from * cello, lit. driven 
up on high), high, upright. A. Lit., natura 
homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos con- 
stituit, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of rank, eminent; 
celsissima sedes dignitatis et honoris, Cic ; 2, 
morally, lofty, elevated; celsus et erectus, Cic; 
3, in a bad sense, proud, haughty, Cic. ; celsi 
Ramnes, Hor. 

2. Celsus -i, in. A. Cornelius, a Latin writer 
on medicine. 

Celtae -arum, m. the Celts. Adj., Celticus 
•a -um, Celtic. 

Celtiberi -orum, m. the Celtiberians, a race 
in the middle of Spain of mind Celtic and Ibe- 
rian blood. Adj., Coltlber -era -eruin and 
Celtiberlcus -a -um, Celtlberian. Snbst., 
Celtiberia -ae, f. the land of the Celtiberi. 

cena -ae, f. the principal meal of the. Romans, 
taken about three or four o'clock in the afternoon, 
dinner, supper, I, Lit., ccna, recta, a complete 



dinner of three courses, Suet. ; enput cenae, the 
chief dish, Cic. ; inter ccuaiil, at dinner-time, Cic; 
invitare ad ccnam, to ask to dinner, Cic; obire 
cenas, itare ad cenas, Cic ; cenam alietii (hue, 
to give any one a dinner, Cic. ; venire ad cenam, 
Cic. ; rcdiro a cena, Cic. II. Met on., a, "i" 
courses at a dinner ; prima, altera, tci'tia, Mart.; 
b, the company invited ; ingens cena scdet, Juv.; 
0, the place where the dinner is given, Plin. 

ccnaculum -i, n. (ceno), literally an eating- 
room, Varr. ; and as these were often in the 
upper storey, the upper stoi-ey of a house, the gar- 
ret, attic ; Roma cenaculis sublata atquc sus- 
pensa, Cic ; mutat cenacula, Hor. 

Cenaeum -i, n. (Krivaior aKpov), the north- 
western promontory of Euboea, on which was a 
temple of Jupiter; hence, adj., Ccnacns -a 
-um, of Cenaeum; Juppiter, Ov. 

cenatlcus -a -um (cena), relating to dinner; 
spes, Plaut. 

cenatio -onis, f. (cena), an eating-room, din- 
ing-hall, Plin. 

cenatorius -a -nm (cena), relating to dinner. 
Subst., ccnatoria -orum n. clothes to dine in, 
Petr. 

cenaturio, 4. (ceno), to wish to dine, Mart. 

ccnatus -a -um, v. ceno. 

Cenchreae -arum, f. (KcygpAu), port of the 
Corinthians on the Saronic gulf. Adj., Cen- 
chrcus -a -um, Cenchrean. 

cenito, 1. (freq. of ceno), to dine often, be 
accustomed to dine; apud aliquem, Cic 

ceno, 1. (cena). I. Intransit, to take the 
cena, to dine, sup, eat ; cenare bene, Cic. ; cenare 
apud aliquem, Cic. ; impers., quum eenaretur 
apud Vitellios, Liv.; partic. perf., ccnatus, with 
a middle meaning, having dined, after dinner; 
cenati discubucrunt ibidem, Cic II. Transit., 
to dine on, to eat; aprum, Hor. 

Ccnomiini -6mm, a Celtic people in Gaul. 
Adj., Cenomanus -a -nm, Cenomanian, 

censeo -siii -sum, 2. (root CENS, COXS, 
whence eonsulo), to give an opinion I, Gen., 
to appraise, estimate. A. Lit., 1, si censenda 
nobis atque aestimanda res sit, Cic. ; 2, esp. 
of the censor at Rome; a, to take. on. account oj 
the. names and property of Roman citizens; cen- 
sures populi aevitates, subolcs, familias pecuni- 
asque censcnto, Cic. ; capite censi, the lowest 
class of Roman citizens, whose persons only were 
counted, Sail. ; sintne ista praedin censui censcn- 
do ? are those estates ft to be put on the censor's list ? 
(as the property of the possessors), Cic; b, to 
make a return to the censor ; in qua tribu denique 
ista praedia censuisti, Cic. B. Transf., censeri 
de aliquo, to be regarded as belonging to a certain 
person, Ov. II. A. to express an opinion, be of 
an opinion; ita prorsns censeo, Cic; tibi igi- 
tur hoc censeo, Cic; with utand the subj., Cic. ; 
with the subj. alone, magno opere censeo de- 
sistas, Cic; with infin., delubra esse in urbibus 
censeo, Cic. B. to vote, recommend by vote or 
advice ; captivos reddendos in senatu non cen- 
suit, Cic ; pars deditionem, pars eruptionem 
censebant, Caes. C. Of the senate (as jubero 
for the popnlus), to resolve, order ; senatus cen- 
suit uti, etc, Caes. 

ccnsio -onis, f. (censeo). A. an assessment, 
estimate, esp. the censor's estimate, Plaut. B. 
Transf., in jest, bnbula, a scourging, Plant. 

censor -oris, m. (censeo), the censor. I. Lit., 
a Rinnan magistrate, of whom two were elected, 
originally at intervals of five years, afterwards 
of i'ii'' year and a half. Their business was : a, 
to hold the census ; b, to punish persons for 
Offeuyes against Ujorftla by degradation to 9 



cen 



91 



Cer 



lower rank ; c, to look after the roads and 
bridges, public buildings, ami the revenues of 

the state. II. Transf., a severe judge, a rigid 
moralist, a censurer, Cie. ; castigator censorque 
ininoruui, Hor. 

ceusdrius -a -11111. A. relating to the censor ; 
homo, one who has filled the office of censor, Cic. ; 
tabulae, the censor's lists, Cic. ; lex, locatio, a 
contract relating to building or to the public re- 
venue, Cic. ; opus, a fault which was punished by 
the censor, Cic. B. Transf., rigid, severe, Quint. 

censura -ae, f. (censor), the censor's dignity, 
the censorship ; censuram gerere, Cic. 

census -us, m. (censeo). A. the enrolment of 
the mimes ami the assessment of the property of all 
Roma)i. citizens, the census; censum habere, Cic. ; 
agere, to take a census, Liv. ; censu prohibere, 
Cic. ; censu excludere, to refuse to enrol in the 
census, Liv. ; censum perficerc, Liv. ; censum 
accipere, Liv.; censum alicuiusaugerc, extenuate, 
Cic. B. Meton., a, the censor's list, Cic; b, the 
amount of property necessary for enrolment in a 
certain rank; senatorius = S00,000 sesterces, 
Suet. ; cquester = 400,000 sesterces, Suet. ; homo 
sine censu, a poor man, Cic. ; dat ceusus ho- 
nores, Ov. 

centaureum -ei, n. and centaurium -ii, 
n. (xei'Taiipcioi'), the plant centaury, Verg. 

Centaurus -i, in. (KeWavpos). I. a centaur, 
a monster, half man and half horse, Verg. ; no- 
bilis, Chiron, Hor. ; hence adj., Centaureus 
-a -T3W1. II. f. the name of a ship, Verg. 

centenaruis -a -inii (centenus), containing 
a hundred, relating to a hundred, Varr., Plin. 

centenus -a -um (centum). I. Sing., used 
collectively, a hundred; centena arbore, Verg. 
II. Plur., num. distrib., a hundred each, Cic. 

centesimus -a -um, num. ordin. (centum), 
the hundredth; lux ab interitu Clodii, Cic. 
Subst., centesima -ae, f. (sc. pars), the hun- 
dredth part ; a, a tax of one per cent., Cic. ; b, 
of interest of money, one per cent, (reckoned at 
Rome by the month, therefore = 12 per cent, per 
annum); binae centesimae = 2i per cent. ; quat- 
ernae, Cie. ; perpetuae, compound interest, Cic. 

centiceps -cTpItis (centum and caput), hun- 
dred-headed; belua, Cerberus, Hor. 

centiens or centies, adv. (centum), a 
hundred times ; HS. centies (sc. centena milia), 
ten million sesterces, Cic. 

centimanus -a -um (centum and mauus), 
hundred-handed, Hor., Ov. 

centiplex, v. centuplex. 

cento -onis, m. (Kevrptov), patchwork, a cover- 
ing of rags; in war, coverings toward off missiles 
or extinguish fires, Caes. 

centum, indecl. numer., 1, a hundred, Cic. ; 
2, hyperbol., any indefinitely large number; 
centum puer artium, Hor. 

centumgeinlnus -a -um, hundred-fold; 
Briareus, hundred-armed, Verg. 

centumpondium -Ii, n. a weight of a hun- 
dred jwunds, Plaut. 

centum vir -i , m . , plur. centum viri -orum , 
m. a college of 105 magistrates (increased under 
the emperors to 180), yearly elected at Home, 
having jurisdiction over cases relating to inherit- 
ance, Cic. 

centumviralis -e, relating to the centum- 
viri; causa, heard before the centumviri, Cie. 

centunculus -i, m. (dim. of cento), a little 
}Xdeh, or patchwork, Liv. 

centuplex -Ids, a hundred-fold, Plant 

Oentiiria -ae, f, (centum), a division of 100 ; 



1, a covijxtny of soldiers, originally 100, after- 
wards 00, Liv. ; 2, a century, one of the 1U3 divi- 
sions into which Servius Tullius distributed the 
Hainan people; praerogatfva, the century which 
obtained by lot the privilege of first voting, Cic. 

ccnturiatim, adv. (centuria), by centuries or 
companies, Caes., Cic. 

1. centuriatus -us, m. (1. centurio), the 
division into conqianies or centuries, Liv. 

2. centuriatus -us, ru. (2. centurio), the 
centurion's office, Cic. 

1. centurio, 1. (centuria), to divide into cen- 
turies; juventutem, Liv.; comitia centuriata, 
the assembly in which the whole Roman people 
voted in their centuries (e.g., at the election of 
a consul), Cic. ; lex centuriata, a law passed in 
sitcli an assembly, Cic. 

2. centurio -onis, m. (centuria), a commander 
of a century, a centurion, Cic. 

centurionatus -us, m. (2. centurio), the 

election of centurions, Tac. 

Centuripae -arum, f. and Centiiripa 

-orum, n. (toi KcvTopin-a), a town in Sicily, now 
Centorbi ; hence, Centuripmus -a -um, of or 

belonging to Centunpa, 

centussis -is, m. (centum and as), a hundred 
asses, Pers. 

ceniila -ae, f. (dim. of cena), a little meal, 
Cic. 

cenum, v. caenum. 

Coos, v. Cea. 

cepa, v. cacpa. 

Cophallenia -ae, f. (KeipaWnvia), island in 
the Ionic Sea (now Cefalonia) ; hence, Cephal- 
lenes -um, in. inhabitants of CepiMllenia. 

Cephaloedis -Idis, f. (-iuni -ii, n.) F town on 
the north coast of Sicily. Adj., Cephaloedita- 
nus -a -um, of or belonging to Cephaloedis. 

Ccphenes -um, m. (K^r^*?), a people of 
Aethiopia, hence adj., Cephenus -a -um, Ce- 
phenian. 

Cepheus -ei, m. (Kjj^ei/'s), a mythical king of 
Aethiopia, husband of Cassiope, father of Andro- 
meda. Adj., Cepheius -a -um, of or belonging 
to Cepheus; virgo, Andromeda, Ov. ; aiva, 
Aethiopia, Ov. ; Cepheus -a -um, Ethiopian; 
also, Cepheis -idos, f. Andromeda, Ov. 

Cephisus, or Cephissus -i, m. (Kr)<j*o-6$, 
K>j^>i<T<rd;). I. a river in Boeotia, and, as a river- 
god, the father of Narcissus ; hence, Cephlsius 
-Ii, in. = Narcissus, Ov. Adj., Cephisis -Mia, 
f. of or belonging to Cephisus ; undae, Ov. II. a 
river of Attica, Ov. Adj., Cephisias -adis, f. 
of or belonging to the Cephisus. 

Cera -ae, f. (connected with kijpo?), wax. A. 
Lit., mollissima, Cic. ; ceras excudere (of bees 
making their hive), Verg. B. Meton., articles 
made of wax ; a, writing-tablets coated with tvax, 
Cic. ; b, a waxen seed, Cic. ; c, a waxen image, 
Sall.^ ■ 

Ceramlcus -i, m. (Kepa/u«u<cd?), lit., the pot- 
tery market, the name of two places at Athens, one 
within, the other without the wall, in the latter of 
which statues were erected to the heroes who fell in 
war. 

ccrarium -i, n. (cora), a fee for seeding a 
document, Cic. 

cerastes -ae, m. (Kepaa-njs), the horned snake, 
Plin. 

1. cerasus -i, f. («'pu<ros), 1, a cherry-tree, 
Ov. ; 2, (i cherry, Prop. 

2. Cerasus -uutis, f. (KcpavoCt), a town in 
Vontus, whence came the cherry. 



cer 92 



cer 



ceraunius -a -um («pauVios), ceranuia 
gemma, or subst., ceraunlum -i, n. r a kind 
of precious stone, Plin. 

Ceraunf I montes, ami alunc Cerauma 
•oruin, n. mountains inEpirus. 

Cerberos and -us -i, m. (Ke'ppVpos), the three- 
headed dog nt the gates of Tartarus. Adj., Cer- 
bereus -a -um, of or belonging to Cerberus. 

Ccrcina -ae, f. (KtpioVa), a large island off 
the African coast, now Kerkine or Cherkara or 
Zerbi. 

cercoplthecos and -us -i, in. (»tfpK<»ri0?)i«>s), 
a kind of long-tailed ape, Mart., Juv. 

cerciirus -i, n\.(KtpKovpos), 1, a light species 
of vessel peculiar to Cyprus, Liv. ; 2, a kind of 
sea-fish, Ov. 

Ceroyo -unis, in. (KepKiW), a brigand in 
Attica, killed by Theseus. Adj., Cercyoneus 
-a -um, of »>r belonging to Cercyo. 

cerdo -onis, in. (Ktpios), a handicroftwrn, 
artimn, Juv. ; sutor cerdo, a cobbler, Mart. 

cerebrdsus -a -urn (cerebrum), hot-brained, 
hot-tempered, Hor. 

cerebrum -i, n. A. thebrain, Cic. B.Meton., 
a, the understanding, Hor. ; b, anger, Hor. 

Ceres -Sris (root CER, CUE, whence creo). 
X, the Itoman goddess of agriculture, the daugh- 
ter of Saturn and Ops, sister of Jupiter and Pluto, 
and mother of Proserpine ; prov., Cereri has nup- 
tias facere, i.e.. without wine, Plant. II. Meton., 
grain, com, Verg., Hor.; whence the proverb, 
sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus, Ter. Adj., 
Cereall3 -e, relating toCeres, relating to cultiva- 
tion and agriadture, Ov. ; papaver, the emblem of 
Ceres, Verg. ; cenae, splendid, as at the festival 
of Ceres, Plaut. ; aediles, who superintended the 
supply of provisions ; hence subst., Cerealla 
-lam, n. the, 'clival of Ceres. 

cerSus -a -um (cera). L waxen, Cic. ; castra, 
the cells of a hive, Verg. Subst., cerSus -i, m. 
o wax taper, Cic. II. Meton., 1, wax-coloured ; 
rruna, Verg.; brachia Telephi, smooth as wax, 
Hor. ; 2, flexible -Jilce wax; cereus in vitiuin 
' flecti, Hor. 

cerintha -ae, f. (ojpiVOr)), the wax flower, a 
plant of which bees are fond, Verg. 

cerlnUS -a-um (iriiptvos), wax-coloured, Plin. 

cerno, crevi, cretum, 3. (Root CRE, CD I, 
Gr. KP1, whence KpiVu, cribrum.) I. to sepa- 
rate, sift; aliquid in cribri.s, Ov. II. Transf. 
A. to distinguish ; 1, with the senses, a, ut 
lion sensu, sed mente cernatur, Cic. ; b, esp. of 
the eyes, acies ipsa, qua cerniinus, quae pupula 
vocatur, Cic. ; withacc, Pompeianum non cerno, 
Cic. ; withacc. andintin., cernebatur novissimos 
illoruin i>remi, Caes. ; 2, with the mind, a, to 
perceive; animus plus ccrnit et longius.Cic. ; b, 
cemi in aliqua re, to show oneself, to be shown; 
fortis animus ct magnus duobus rebus maxime 
cernitur, Cic. B. to decide, 1, in battle s to con- 
tewl; niagnis in rebus inter se, Lucr. ; 2, to re- 
solve, determine; quodeumque senatus crcverit, 
agunto, Cic. ; 3, as legal t.t., to acceptan inherit- 
ance; hereditatcmcernere, Cic. ; fig., banc quasi 
lalsam hereditatem alicnae gloriae, Cic. 

cernuus -a-um, falling headlong, with the 
face towards the ground; equus, Verg. 

coro, 1. to sinear or cover with wax, gen. in 
perf. partic. pass., ccrata tabella, Cic. 

Ceroma -atis, ll. (»njpw/ia). A. an ointment of 
oil end wax used by wrestlers, Juv. B, Meton., 
a, the arena, for wrestling, Plin. ; b, wrestling 
itself, Mart. 

ceromatfous -a -inn (»rr;p<L>p:uTiicos) t anointed 
With the ceroma, Juv. | 



cerritus -a-um (contracted from ccrebritus, 
from cerebrum), frantic, mad, Plaut., Hor. 

COITUS -i, m. a kind of oak, the Turkey oak, 
Plin. 

certamen -Inis, n. (2. certo), contest; a, in 
gymnastics; gladialorium vitae, Cic. ; h,anykind 
of rivalry; honoris et gloriae, Cic. ; in certamen 
virtutis venire, Cic; c, a fight; proelii, Cic; 
vario certamine pu»natum est, Caes.; d, con- 
tent ion, rivalry ; est mini tecum pro aris et focis 
certamen, Cic 

certatim, adv. (certatus, from 2. certo), 
em.ulously, eagerly, as if striving for a 2»'i:c, Cic. 

certatio -onis, f. (2. certo), a contest; a, 
in games, corporuni, Cic. ; b, in words or ac- 
tions, virtuti cum voluptate certatio, Cic. ; c, 
a legal contest; multac poenae, as to the amount 
of a fine to be. inflicted, Cic. ; d, emulation ; 
certatio honesta inter amicos, Cic. 

certe, adv. (certus). I. a, certainty, as- 
suredly ; ea quae certe vera sunt, Cic. ; in an- 
swers, without doubt, Cic. ; b, certe scio, cer- 
tainly, I know it, Cic. II. at least, at all events; 
mihi certe, Cic. ; certe tamen, Cic. 

1. certo, adv. (certus), certainly, assuredly, 
undoubtedly ; nihil ita exspectare quasi certo 
futuruin, Cic. ; esp. in phrase, certo scio, 1 am 
sure of it, Cic. 

2. certo, 1. (Root CER, whence cerno and 
cretus), to contend, struggle (with the idea of 
rivalry). A. Lit., de imperio cum popnlo Ro- 
mano, Cic. 3. Transf., 1, in words, verbis, 
oratione, Liv. ; 2, of law, to dispute; inter se, 
Cic. ; 3, to vie with ; offieiis inter se, Cic ; foil. 
by infill., vincere, Verg. 

certus -a -um (cerno). I. Lit., separated, 
Cato. II. Transf., A. certain, definite, fixed, 
decided; 1, certum est mihi consilium, Plant.; 
certum est (mihi, etc.), J am resolved; sibi 
certum esse a judiciis causisque discedere, 
Cic. ; 2, of persons, certus mori, determined to 
die, Verg.; certus eundi, determined to go, Verg. 
B. 1, certain, fixed; certus ac detinitus locus, 
Cic. ; certi homines, certain men, Cic. ; 2, secure, 
to be depended on; bona et certa tempestate, Cic; 
certissinia poptili Romani vectigalia, Cic. ; of 
persons, homo certissinuis, to be depended upon, 
Cic. ; 3, true, undoubted, sure; argumentuin 
odii certius, Cic; certum est, it is certain; est 
certum quid respondeam, Cic. ; aliquid certi est, 
something is certain; si qnicquam humanorum 
certi est, Liv. ; certum scio, / know it for 
certain; quamdiu aftutura sunt, certum sciri 
nullo modo potest, Cic. ; certum habeo, / 
have it for aertain, Cic. ; certum inveniri noil 
potest (followed by tie (enclit.) . . . an), Caes. ; 
certum respnndeo, Cic; pro certo scio, Liv.; 
pro certo habeo, Cic. ; pro certo puto, ap. 
Cic; pro certo ncgo, Cic; polliceor, Cic; 
dico, Cic. ; aflirmo, Liv. ; pono, Liv. ; creditur, 
Sail.; ad certum redigere, to make it certain, 
Liv. ; certum (as adv.), nondura certum constitu- 
erat, Cic. ; of persons, certi patres, undoubted, 
Cic. ; 4, certain of a thing; certi suinus perisse 
omnia, Cic. ; certum facere aliqitem, to inform, 
Verg. ; in prose, certiorem facere aliquem ; with 
genit.,sui consilii, Cic ; with de, de Gennaiioiuin 
discessu, Caes.; withacc. and inlin., P. African- 
nin simulacrum Dianae majoribus suis restitu- 
isse, Cic; with rel. sent., quid egerim, Cic; 
with subj. (without a particle), paulisper inter- 
mittercnt proeliuin, gins orders to, etc., Cic. 

cerula -ac, f. (dim. of cera), a little piece oj 
wax; miniata, a kind of red pencil for marking 
errors in MSS., Cic. ; cerulas tuas ininuitulas cx- 
timcscpbam, criticisms, Cic. 

cerva -ac, f. (ccrvus), a hind. Liv. ; poet,, 
deer, Verg, 



cor 



93 



Cha 



cervarius -a -am (cervus), relating to deer, 

run. 

cervical -alis n. (cervix), a cushion for the 
head, a pillow, bolster, riin. 

cervicula -ae, f. (dim. of cervix), a little 
neck, Cic. 

cervinus -a -uw (cervus). relating to a stag; 
pellis, Hor. ; senectu.s, extreme old age, because 
the stag was believed to be very long-lived, Juv. 

cervix -Icis, f. the nape of the neck, the neck. 

I. Of living beings, Cic. ; alicui cerviceni frang- 
ere, to break the neck of any one, Cic. ; dare 
cervices alicui, to submit to death, Cic. ; also, 
cervices securi subjicere, Cic. ; tig., imponere 
in cervicibus alicuius sempiteruuiii dominium, 
to lay the yoke of mastery on, Cic; in cervicibus 
alicuius esse, to be in burdensome and dangerous 
proximity, Liv. II. Used of inanimate things, 
amphorae, Mart. ; Peloponnesi, the Isthmus of 
Corinth, Plin. 

cervus -i, m. (Kepaos), a stag. A. Lit., 
Cic. B. Transf., cervi, military t.t., branches of 
trees stuck in the ground as a palisade, to impede 
the advance of an enemy, Caes. 

cespes, v. caespes. 

cessatlo -onis, f. (cesso), 1, a delaying, 
Plaut. ; 2, inactivity, cessation, laziness, leaving 
off, idleness; libera atque otiosa, Cic. 

cesaator -oris, m. (cesso), one who loiters and 
lingers; eessatorem esse solere, praesertim in 
litteris, Cic. 

cessio -onis, f. (cedo), a giving up, a cession ; 
legal t.t., injure cessio, a fictitious surrender, Cic. 

cesso, 1. (freq. of cedo). I. Lit., to leave 
off, linger, delay, cease ; si tabellarii non cessa- 
rint, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to toiler, to be idle; a, 
quid cessarent, Liv. ; in suo studio atque opere, 
Cic. ; b, to be negligent in one's duty, Hor. ; 2, 
a, to rest, to take rest ; non nocte, non die unquam 
cessaverunt ab opere, Liv. ; non cessare with 
iutin., not to cease; ille in Achaia non cessat de 
nobis detrahere, Cic. ; b, to be idle, make holiday, 
do nothing ; cur tarn nniltos deos nihil agere et 
cessare patitur, Cic. ; cessasse Letoides aras, 
remained unvisited, Ov. ; of land, to lie fallow; 
alternis cessare novales, Verg. 

ceatrosphendone -es, f. (Kcorpoo-^ei'Sdw)), 
an engine for hurling stones, Liv. 

1. cestUS -i, m. (iceoTos), a girdle, esp. the 
girdle of Venus, Mart. 

2. cestus -us, in. v. caestus. 

cetarius -a -um (cetus), relating to sea-fish, 
particularly to the tunny-fish. I. Adj., Tac. 

II. Subst. A. cetarius -ii, m. a fishmonger, 
a dealer in sea-fish, particularly txinny-fish, Ter. 
B. cetaria -ae, f. and cotarium -ii, n. 
(ojTci'a), a bay in the sea where the tunny-fish col- 
lected and were caught, Hor. 

cite, v. cetus. 

cetcroqul or ceteroquin, adv. otherwise, 
else, Cic. 

ceterua -a -um (= eVeooj), the other, the rest; 
(iing. only used collectively, cetera classis, Liv. ; 
nom. sing.masc. not found); usually found in 
the plur. ceteri -ae -a ; omnes ceterae res, Cic. ; 
et cetera or simply cetera, awl so on, Cic. ; adv., 
ceterum, for the rest, moreover, Cic. ; cetera, be- 
sides, Cic. ; so, de cetero, Cic. ; ad cetera, Liv. 

Cethegus -i, m. the name of an old patrician 
family of the gens Cornelia, to which belonged C. 
Cornelius Cethegus, a conspirator with Catiline, 
put to death by Cicero. 

cetra -ae, f. a small Spanish shield, Verg., Liv. 

cetratus -a -um (cetra), armed with the cetra, 
C*es., Liv. 



cette, v. cedo. 

cetus (xrJTos), ->, "i- aud cetos, plur. cete, n. 
(icrJTea, contr. kt)ti)), any large sea-fish, the whale, 
dolphin ; used esp. of tlie tunny-fish, Verg. 

ceu, adv. (contr. from ce-ve, as neu from 
neve), as, like us; ecu quum, as when, Verg.; 
ceu si, as if, Verg. ; esp. in comparison, as if; 
per aperta volans, ceu liber habeiiis, aequora, 
Verg. 

Ceutrones -um, ace. -as, in. 1. a people in 
Gallia provincia ; 2, a people in Gallia Belgica. 

Ceyx -ycis, m. (Ktjv£). I. king of Trnchin, 
husband of Alcyone, changed with her into a king- 
fisher, Ov. IL Plur., appel. ceyces -um, in., 
the male kingfishers, Plin. 

Chaeronea -ae, f. (Xaipiiveia), a town in 
Boeotia, birth-place of Plutarch, scene of a victory 
of Philip of Macedon over the Athenians. 

Chalcioecos -i, f. (XaA/ciWov, with the 
brazen house, name of the Greek Athena), the 
temple of Minerva. 

Chalciope -es, f. (XaXKiomj), daughter of 
Aeetes, sister of Medea, wife of Phryxus. 

Chalcis -idis, f. (XaAia's), the chief city of 
Euboea, on, the banks of the Euripus; hence adj., 
Chalcidfcus -a -um, Chalcidian ; versus, 
poems of Euphorion, born at Chalcis, Verg. ; arx, 
Cumae, said to have been a colony of Chalcis, Verg. ; 
Chalcidensis -e, Chalcidian. 

Cbalcitis -idis, f. (xaXiciTiv), copper ore, Plin. 

Chaldaea -ae, f. (XaAScu'a), the south-west 
part of Babylonia from the Euphrates to the 
Arabian desert, the inhabitants of which were 
famous for astrology and soothsaying; hence, 
a, Cbaldaeus -a -um, Chaldaean; subst., 
Cbaldaei -orain, m. (XoASaioi), soothsayers, 
Cic. ; b, Chaldaeicus -a -um, Chaldaic. 

chalybelus -a -urn, made of steel, Ov. 

Chalybes -uin, m. (XaAv0es), a people in 
Pontus, famous for their steel. 

chalybs -ybis, m. (xaAt»/<). A. steel ; vulnifi- 
cus, Verg. B. Meton., articles made of steel; 
a sword, Son. ; a horse's bit, Lucr. ; the tip of an 
arrow, Lucr. 

chamaeleon -onis and -ontis in. (\.apcu- 
kiuv), the chamaeleon, Plin. 

Chaones -um, m. (Xaovfs), a people of north- 
western, Epirus ; hence adj., Chaonius -a -um, 
Epirote ; pater, Jupiter, whose ora9ki was at Do- 
dona, Verg. ; Chaonis -idis, f. Chaonian ; ales, - 
the pigeon of Dodona, Ov.; arbos, the oak, Ov. 
Chaonia -ae, f. the district ofChaonia. 

chaos, ace. chaos, abl. chao (other cases not 
found), n. (x<»os), 1, the lower world, Ov. ; per- 
sonified, the father of Night and Erebus, Verg. ; 
2, the shapeless mass out of which the universe 
was made, chaos, Ov. 

ohara -ae, f. a root, perhaps wild cabbage, 
Caes. 

Charlstia (caristia) -drum, n. (xapiVna), a 
festival celebrated among the Romans on the 22nd of 
February, the chief object of which was the recon- 
cilement of family disagreements, Ov. 

Charltes -um, f. (Xapires), the Graces (pur« 
Lat. Gratiao), Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, 
Ov. 

Charmadafc -ae, in. (XapnaSas), a disciple 
of Carneades, belonging to the Academic school 
(teaching at Athens, 109 B.C.). 

Charon -ontis, m.(Xapwi>), Charon, the ferry- 
man, who took the souls of the dead over the river 
Styx. 

Charondas ae, m. (XapwVSas), a celebrated 



eiia 



04 



cib 



legislator of Catana, living about the middle of 
tlie seventh century B.C. 

charta -ae, 1. (xapr>)s), a leaf of the Egyptian, 
pajiyrtu. paper, I, A. Lit., charta dentata, 
smoothed, cic. B. Melon., a, the papyrus plant, 
Plln. ; b, that which is written upon it, a tetter, 
j>oem, etc. ; nc chavta no* prodat, Cic. II. 
Tralisf., fr thin leaf of any substance; plninbea, 
Suet. 

chartula -ae, f. (dim. of charta), a little 
paper, a small writing, Cic. 

Charybdis -is, f. (Xapvflin). a dangerous 
whirlpool in the Sicilian straits, opposite the 
rock Scylla, Cic. ; tig., anything voracious, greedy, 
or destructive ; Charylxlim bonomm, voraginem 
potius dixerim, Cic; quanta laborabas Charybdi, 
Hor. 

_ Cbatti (Catthi, Catti) -orum, m. (Xottoi). a 
German people (in modern Hesse). 

Chauoi -orum, m. a German people on the 

SCtt-COOSt. 

Chile -es, f. (xv^rj), plur. chelae, the arms of 
the Scorpion in the signs of the Zodiac, and (since 
these reach into the constellation of Libra) 
Libra, Verg. 

Chclidoniae insulae, islands on the coast of 
J.ycia (lit. suxtllow islands), facing the Chelido- 
liiaruni or Chelidonium promontorium. 

chelydrus -i, m. (x<r'Av5pos), an amphibious 
snake, \ erg. 

chelys. ace. -ym and -yn, voc. -y, f. (\e'Au?), 
1, the tortoise, Petr. ; and hence, 2, the lyre malic 
of its shell (pure Latin, testudo), Ov. 

Clierronesus and Chersonesus -i, f. 
(Xeppovxaos), 1, a peninsula, Cic. ; 2, Thracia. 
the Tfiracian peninsula on the Hellespont, Cic. 

Cheruscl -Orum, in., o mople in North Ger- 
many. 

ehillarchus -i, m. (xiWpxns). lj « com- 
mander of 1,000 soldiers, Tac.; 2, among the 
Persians, the chancellor, or prime minister, Nop. 

Chlmaera -ae, f. (xlpaipa, a goat), a fire- 
breathing monster with the fore parts of a ii , 
the middle of a goat, and the hind parts of u 
dragon, killed by Bellerophon. Adj., Chimaer- 
eus -a -am, 

chimaerifer -fera, -ferum (Chimaera and 
fero), proilucing the Chimaera, an epithet of 
Lycin. 

Chione -es, f. (Xidn)\ L, mother of Eumnlpns 
&?/ Neptune; whence Chlonides -ae, m. = 
Eumolpns, Ov. ; 2, mother of Autolycus by Mer- 
cury. 

ClllOS or ChlUS -i, f. (Xi'os), an island in 
the Aegean Sea (now Scio), famous for its wine; 
hence adj., ChlUS -a -uni, Chian ; vinum, 
Plant.; orsubst, Chium -i, II. Chian wine, 
Hor. ; Chii -orum, in. the Chians, Cic. 

chiragra -ae, f. (xeipavpa), the gout in the . 
hands, Hor., Mart. 

chirSgraphum -i, n. (xfipdypa<poi-), an 
autograph, a person's own handwriting ; alicuius 
chirogrnphuni imitaii, Cic. 

Chiron, Chiro -onis, in. (Xci'pwi/), a centaur, 
son of Saturn and Phillyra, the jircceptor of 
Aesaihijiius, Jason, and Achilles, killedhy Hercules. 

chironomos -i., c, ami chironomon 

-ontis, in. (xeipoi'o/105, xftpuyo^wf), one who uses 
the liiimls skilfully, a mime, Juv. 

Chirurgia -ae. f. (xeipoupyi'a), surgery; fig 
sed ego diaetu curare lliclpio, chirurgiae taedi i, 
violent remedies, Cic. 

chlamydatus -a -urn (chlamys), clothed in 
the chlamys, Cic. 



chlamys -ydis, f., and chlamyda -ae, t. 
(x\up.vs), a large ujiper garment of wool, often 
ot purple and gold, worn in Greece, Cic, Vcrg. 

Chloris -Wis, f. (XAwpt?, the green one), a, = 
Lat, Flora, the. goddess of flowers, Ov. ; b, a 
Greek female nanw, Hor. 

Choerilus -i, m. (Xoipi'Ao?), a poet who ac- 
companied Alexander the Great in his Persian 
expedition. 

chdragium -ii, 11. (xop>jyioi'), the training of 
a chorus, l'laut. 

choragus -i., m. (xop>)y<k), he who supplies 
the chorus and all appurtenances, Plant. 

choraules -ae, m. (xopav'Aijs), a flute-player, 
Mart. 

chorda -ae, f. (\op5n), string, cat-gut (of a 
musical instrument), Cic. 

chorea -ae, f. (xopeu.), re dance to the sound 
of the dancers voices, Verg. 

choreus-i, m., and chorius -i.in.fooptios),' 

the metrical foot— U) afterwards called a trochee, 
Cic. 

chorocitharistes -ae, m, (x°poia0ap«7Tris), 
one who accompanies a chorus on the cithara, 
Suet. 

chorus -i, in. (xopds). I. a dance in a circle,] 
a. choral dance; agitare, exercerc, Verg. II. 
Meton., the persons singing and dancing, the 
chorus,C\c. A. Lit., Dry aduin, Verg.; Nereidum, 
Verg.; the chorus of a tragedy, Hor. B. Transf., 
a crowd, troop of any kind; Catilinam stipatum 
choro juventutis, Cic. 

Chronics -metis, m. an old miser in several 
of the. plays of Terence. 

Christianus -i, m. (XpumavdO, a Christian, 

Tac. 

Christus -i, m. (Xpiords), Christ, Tac, Plin.. 

chrdmis -is, m. (xpoMis)i a sea-Jish, Ov. 

Chrysa -ae, f. and Chrysc -es, f. (XpuVij), 
a town in Mysia, near which was a temple of 
Apollo Smintheus. 

Chrysas -ae, m. a river in Sicily, now Dit- 
ta ino. 

Chryses -ae, m. (Xpi'.<rr,?), the priest of Apollo 
at Chrysa, whose daughter was a(7ried off by the 
Greeks ; hence, Chryseis -Idos, f. 'Xpvo-nh), 
the daughter of Chryses = Astynome. 

ChrySippUS -i, in. (Xpv'criTT-Tro?), 1, Stoic 
philosopher of Soli in Cilicia, b. 2S2,_b.o. ; 2, 
freedman of Cicero's. Adj., Chryslppeus 

-a -uni, of or belonging to Chrysippus. 

Chrysis -Mis, f. (Xpixri?), name of one of the. 
female characters in the Andria of Terence. 

chrysolithus -i, in. and f. (xpuo-dAiOoO, 
chrysolite, or topaz, Plin. 

chrysdphrys, ace. -yn, f. (xpuVo^puj), re 
kind ofsm-jhh with a golden spot over each eye, Ov. 

chrysos -i, m. (xpucrds), gold, Plant. 
chus, v. congius. 

cibarius -a -11m (cibus), relating to food. A. 
Lit., uva [used for eating only, not for wine, Plant. 
Subflt., Clbaria ■OTum, n. food, rations, fodder; 
corn allowed to provincial magistrates, Cic ; rations. 
for soldiers, Cafts. B. Meton. (from the food 
usually given to servants), ordinary, common; 
panis, black bread, Cic. 

cibatus -us, m. (cibo), food, nourishment, 
riant. 

cibo, 1. (cilms), to feed, Suet. 

ciborium -ii, h, (jci/?<jpto><), and ciboria 
-ae, f. literally, the seed pod of the Egyptian bean ; 
and hence, a large drinking-vessel of similar 
shape, Hor, 



oib 



05 



em 



Cibus -i, in. food for man and beast, nourish- 
ment, fodder. I. Lit., A- Gen., cibum suniere, 
Nep. ; subducorc, Cic. B. Esp., a, auiinalis, 
nourishment that the lungs draw from the air, 
Cic; b, bait; fallax, Ov, II. Transf., susten- 
ance; quasi quidam hnmanitatis cibus, Cic. 

Clbyra -ac, f. (K<.0v'p a )> a town in Pisidia ; 
hence, A. Cibyrates -ae, c. of Oibyra. B. 
Cibyraticus -a -mn, of or belonging to Cibyra. 

cicada -ae, f. a cicada, or tree cricket, Verg. ; 
expeetate cicadas, summer, Juv. 

cicatricosus -a -urn (cicatrix), covered with 
scars, Plant. 

cicatrix -Icis, f. a scar, cicatrice; adversae or 
execptae corpore adverso, wounds received in 
front, and therefore honourable, Cic; the marks 
of incisions in plants, Verg. ; the patch upon an 
old shoe, Juv.; fig., refricare obductam jam rei- 
publicae cicatrical!, Cic. 

ciccum -i, n. (kikkos), the core of a pomegran- 
ate; hence something worthless; ciccum 11011 inter- 
duini, Plaut. 

cicer -eris, n. a chick-pea, Hor. 

Cicero -finis, in. name of a family of the gens 
Tidlia, to which belonged, 1, M. Tullius Cicero, 
the greatest Roman orator and writer, bom a.c. 
100, at Arpinum, murdered at the command of 
Antonius a.c. 4:s ; 2, Qu. Tullius Cicero, brother 
of the aliove. Hence adj., Clccroiucuius -a 
-mn, Ciceronian. 

Cicones-um, in. (Kikoi-cs), a Thracian people. 

ciconia -ac, f. 1, o stork, Hor., Ov. ; 2, a 
gesture of ridicule, made by bending tlte fore-finger 
into the shape of a stork's neck, Per.s. 

cicur -liris, tame; bestia, Cic. 

cicuta -ae, f. A. hemlock, Hor. B. Meton., 
1, poison extracted from the hemlock, Hor. ; 2, a 
shepherd's piipe, made from the hemlock stalk, 
Vcrfr 

cieo, clvi, cTtum, 2. (connected with xi'u, Kii>eu>), 
to cause to move, to move, shake. I. a, natura 
omnia eiens et agitans motibus et mutationibus 
suis, Cic. ; b, legal t.t., herctum ciere, to divide 
the inheritance. Cic; c, yniguam ciere, togivenew 
impulse to the battle, Liv. ; d, to disturb, agitate; 
mare venfci et aurae cient, Liv. ; e, to summon to 
battle; aliquettl ad anna, Liv.; f, to summon to 
help; nocturnos manes carminibus, Verg. II. 
a, to excite, to arouse; procellas proelia atque 
aeies, Liv. ; seditioncs, Liv. ; b, to utter; gem- 
itus, Verg.; c, toccdlby name; aliqucm magna 
voce, Verg. ; pattern, name one's fatlver, i.e., 
prove one's free birth, Liv. 

Cilicia -ae, f. (KiAixi'a), a country of Asia 
Minor; hence adj., 1, Cilix -Icis, Cilician; pi. 
Cilices -sin, in. the Cilicians; Cilissa -ae, 
f., Cilician; spica, saffron, Ov. ; 2, Ciliclus -a 
-urn, Cilician. Subst., Cilicium -li, n. a coarse 
cloth, or covering made of Cilician goats' hair, 

cilium -li, n. the eye-lid, Plin. 

Cilia -ae, ace. -an, f. (Ki'AAa), a town in Aeolis. 

Cilnius -a -um, Cilnia gens, a distinguished 
Etruscan family, from which Maecenas was de- 
scendetl. 

Cimbri -ornm, in. (KiV/3poi), the Cimbrians, 

a German tribe wlw invaded the Roman Empire 

and were defeated by Marins; sing., Cimber 

. -bri, m. a Cimbricui. Adj., Cimbricus -a -um, 

Cimbrian. 

cimex -icis, m, a bug, Cat. ; as a term of 
reproach, Hor. 

Ciminus -i, m. and Cimimus lacns, a lake 

in Etruria near to a mountain of the same name. 

Cimmerii -orum, m. (Ki/i^epioi). I. a 



Thracian people, living on the bniericf. Adj., 
Cimmcrlus -a -um, Cimmerian. II, ft mythi- 
cal people, living in the extreme Welt in darkness 
and mist. Adj., Cimmerlus -a -um, Cimme- 
rian = dark ; lacns, the lower world, Tib. 

Cimolus -i, f. (Ki'/j<uAos), one of the Cyclades 
Islands. 

Cimon -Onis, m. (Kiixtov), an Athenian 
general. 

cinaedicus -a -um (cinaedus), unchaste, 
Plant. 

cinaedus -i, m. (xiVatSo?), one who indulges, 
in unnatural lust, a, Plant., Cat. Adj., cin- 
aedus -a -um — bold, shameless; homo cinaeda 
fronte, Mart. ; b, a wanton, dancer, Plant. 

Cinara -ae, f. (Kivapa), a, aw island in lli&i 
Aegaean Sea; b, a woman's name, Hor. 

1. cincinnatus -a -am (cincinnus), having 
curled hair, Cic. ; of comets, stellae eas quas 
Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant, Cic i 

2. Cincinnatus -i, m. the name of a patrician ' 
family oftlie gens Quinctia, to which belonged L. 
Quinctius Cincinnatus, a type of old Roman hon-> 
esty and simplicity, consul 460 B.C., in 458 B.C. 
called from the plough to be dictator. 

Cincinnus -i, in. (xtWyo?). A. curled hair, 
a lock of hair, Cic. B. Transf., artificial rhetor- 
ical ornament, Cic. 

Cincius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. I.- 
L. Cincius Alimentus, annalist at the time of the 
Second Punic War. II. M. Cincius Alimentus,-. 
tribune of the people, 205 B.C., author of the lex. 
Cincia forbidding advocates to receive pay. 

cinctura -ae, f. (cingo), a girdle, Suet. 

cinotus -iis, m. (cingo), a girding ; 1, Ga- 
binus, a particular way of wearing the toga, at, 
religious festivals, in which one end was thrown . 
over the head, and the other passed round the 
waist, so as to look like a girdle, Liv. ; 2, a 
girdle, Suet. 

cinctutus -a -um (cinctus), girded, Hor., Ov. 

cincfactus -a -um (cinis and facio), changed 
into ashes, Lucr. 

cinerarius -li, m. (cinis), a slave who lieated 
in hot ashes the irons for the hair-dresser, Cat. 

Cinga -ae, m. a tributary of the Iberus in 
Hispania Tarraconensis, now Cinca. 

Cingetorix -rigis, m. I. a prince of the- 
Treveri in Gaul. II. a prince in Britain. 

cingo, cinxi, cinctum, 3. to surround. I. in' 
a narrow sense, 1, to surrmmd the body with a' 
girdle, to gird; pass, cingi, as middle, to gird 
oneself; a, ciucta conjux l)ialis, Ov. ; b, to gird 
oneself with a weapon; ense, Ov. ; gladio, Liv.; 
poet, with ace, inutile ferrum cingitur, Verg.; 
hence cingor, to be prepared, ready, Plant. ; 2, to' 
surround the head with a chaplet, to crown; cinge 
tempore lauro, Hor.; anuli cingunt lacertos, > 
Mart. II. in a wider sense, to sun-ound, en- 
circle ; 1, of localities, to surround, inclose; tellus 
ores maris undique cingens, Lucr.; colles cin- 
gunt oppidum, Caes. ; milit. t. t., to surround 
with hostile intent or for protection ; hiberna. 
castra vallo, Caes. ; urbem obsidione, Verg -j 
transf., Sicilia multis undique cincta pericuGs, 
Cic ; 2, to surround a person in society, accom- 
pany ; cingere alicui latus, Liv. ; 3. to circle^ 
rouwl a place; polum coetu (of swans), Verg. 

cingula -ae, f. (cingo), a girdle, Ov. 

1, cingulum -i, n. (cingo), a girdle, a sivori., 
belt (plur.), Verg. 

2. Cingulum -i, n. a town in Picenum. 
cingulus -i, m. (cingo), a girdle of the earth, 

a xone, Cic, 



oiii 



96 



Ott 



cJnlflo -onis, m. = cinerarius, Hor. 

cinis -Sris, in., rarely f. (connected with 
it-jrn), ashes. I. Lit., A. Gen., inciiiereni dilabi, 
to become, aslies, Hor. ; from tlic use of ashes for 
scouring came the jhov. huiua sermo cinerem 
liauil quaeritat, Plant. B. Esp., 1, the. ashes of 
a corpse after being burned ; cinis atque ossa ali- 
Cllius, Cic; 2, ruins' of a city that has been 
lUrnt; patriae cineres, Vera. II. Transf., as 
a symbol of destruction ; Troja virum atque vir- 
tutum omnium acerba cinis, the grave, Cat. 

Cinna -ae, m. the name of a family of the 
Cornelii and Helvii. I. I.. Cornelius Cinna, 
partisan of Marius in the civil war against Sulla, 
noted for his cruelty. Adj., Clnnanus -a -Bin, 
Cinnan, II. son of I., one of Caesar's murderers. 

III. son, of II., twice jxirdoned by Augustus. 

IV. C. Helvius Cinna, a poet, the friend of 
Catullus. 

olanamomum or cinnamum -i, n. (#ew 
vanufiov, Kivvajiov), cinnamon, Ov. ; as a term of 
endearment, Plaut. 

Cinyps -yphis, m. (Kmi^), a river in Libya, 
between the. two Syrtes ; hence adj., Cinyphius 
•a -urn, 1, relating or belonging to the Cinyps, 
Verg. ; 2, African, Ov. • 

Clnyras -ae, m. (Kivvpas), a mythical king 
of Assyria or Cyprus, father of Myrrha, and by 
her of Adonis. Adj., Cinyreius -a -urn, Ciny- 
rean ; virgo, Myrrha, Ov.; juvenis, Adonis, Ov. 

Clos and Cius -ii, f. (i Kio?), a town in 
Bithynia, now Ghio ; hence, Clani -orum, ni. 
the inhabitants of Cuts. 

cippus -i, m. 1, a tombstone or small tomb, 
Hor. ; 2, plur. milit. t. t., palisades, Caes. 

circa (contr. for circum ea). I. Adv., round 
about; gramen erat circa, Ov.; hence, circa esse, 
to be round about, in the neighbourhood, Liv. ; 
sometimes directly connected with the subst. 
without esse, multarum circa civitatum, Liv. ; 
omnia circa or circa undique, all things around, 
Liv. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of space, a, around, 
at the side of; ligna contulerunt circa casam, 
Nep. ; b, round about to; legatos circa vicinas 
gentes niisit, Liv. ; o, in the neighbourhood of, 
near to; tcmpla circa forum, Cic. ; d, around or 
in company of a person ; trecentos juvenes circa 
se habebat, Liv.; 2, of time, about; circa ean- 
dem horam, Liv. ; lucem, Suet. ; Demetrium, about 
the time of Demetrius, Quint. ; 3, of number 
= circiter, about ; ea fuere oppida circa septua- 
ginta, Liv.; 4, about, in respect to; circa bonas 
artcs publica socordia, Tac. 

circamoerlum -ii, n. = pomoerium (q.v.), 
Liv. 

Circe -es and -ae, ace. -am, abl. -a, f. (Kipxg), 
an enchantnss who lived in the neighbourhood 
of Circeji, where she turned her victims into 
swine, mother of Telegonus by Ulysses; hence 
adj., Circaeus -a -um, Oircean; poculum, en- 
chanted, Cic. ; moenia, Tusculum, said to have 
been built by Telegonus, Hor. ; litus, the promon- 
tory of Circeji, Ov. 

Circeji -orum, m. the town of Circeji on a 
promontory of the same name in Latium. Adj., 
CircejenBis -e, of or belonging to Circeji. 

circensis -e (circus), belonging to the circus ; 
lndi, the games in the circus, Cic. Subst., cir- 
censes -ium, m. (sc. ludi), the circus games, Sen. 

circlnc, 1. (cireinus), to make round, to foi-m 
into a circle, Plin.; poet., easdem circinat auras, 
flits thrcnigh in a circle, Ov. 

cireinus -i, m. (xipKivot), a pair of compasses 
for describing a circle, Caes. 

Circiter, adv. (circus). L Of place, about, 
near, Phut. II. Transf., 1, of time, a, adv. 



with abl., media circiter nocte, Caes. ; b, prep, 
with ace, circiter Calendas, Cic.; 2, of number, 
about ; circiter CCXX naves, Caes. 

circlus = circulus (q.v.). 

circueo, v. circumeo. 

circuitio and circumltio -onis, f. (cir- 
cueo, circumeo), 1, a going round; milit 1. t. 
patrol, Liv.; 2, a roundabout wuy of speak- 
ing or acting; quid opus est circumitione et 
amfractn, Cic. 

circuitus (circfimitus), -us, m. (circueo = 
circumeo), a going round in a circle, circuit, 
revolution. I. Abstract., A. Lit., circuitus 
orbis, Cic. B. Transf., iniri sunt orbes et quasi 
circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum et 
vicissitudinum, Cic. II. Concrete, a, the path 
traversed in going round, a roundabout way, cir- 
cuitous course; longo circuitu petere aliquem 
locum, Caes., Liv.; b, in rhetoric, a period, Cic. ; 
C, compass, circumference, extent ; eius munitionis 
circuitus XI inilia passuum tenebat, Caes. 

circulatim, adv. (circulor), circle-wise, in a 
circle, Suet. 

circulor, 1. dep. (circulus), a, to gather in 
groups for conversation, Caes. ; b, to enter a 
group, to converse, Cic. 

circulus (syncop. circlus) -i, ni. (dim. of 
circus), a circle, circular figure. I. circulus aut 
orbis, qui k6kXo<; Graece dicitur, Cic. ; priusquani 
lioc circulo excedas, Liv. ; hence, the orbit of u 
planet ; stellae circulos suos orbesque coniiciunt 
celeritate mirabili, Cic. II. Esp., a, any circu- 
lar body ; flexilis obtorti circulus auri, poet. = a 
golden collar, Verg. ; circulus muri exterior, Liv.; 
b, a circle or group for conversation ; circulos 
aliquos et sessiunculas consectari, Cic. 

circum (prop. ace. of circus = ki'pkos, in, a 
circle). I. Adv. round about, around; quae 
circum essent, Caes. ; circum sub moenibus, 
Verg. ; circum undique, round about, on all sides, 
Verg. II. Prep, with ace. A. round, about; 
terra circum axem se convertit, Cic. B. round 
about, near, in the vicinity of, around ; circum 
aliquem esse, to be in any one's company, Cic. ; 
habere aliquem circum se, Sail. ; circum haec 
loca coinmorabor, Cic. ; urbes quae circum 
Capuam sunt, Cic. ; circum pedes, in attendance, 
Cic. ; used with verbs of motion, circum villulas 
nostras errare, Cic; legatio circum insulas 
missa, Liv. (circum sometimes after the subst. 
which it governs, Cic, often in Verg.). 

circumactus -a -um, partic. of circumago. 

circumago -egi -actum, 3. I. A. to drive or 
turn round, to drive in a circle, hence a technical 
term for the manumission of a slave, because 
his master took him by the right hand, ami 
turned him round, Sen. B. Transf., of time, 
circumagi or circumagere se, to jmss away, to he 
spent ; annus se circuniegit, Liv. II, to turn or 
tvnst round. A. Lit., equos frenis, Liv. ; cir- 
cumagente sc vento, Liv. B. Transf., quo te 
eireumagaa? how wilt thou evade the difficulty? 
Juv. III. to lead or drive about from one place 
to another. A. Lit., hue illuc clamoribus host- 
ium circumagi, Tac. ; nihil opus est te circumagi, 
follow me about, Hor. B. Transf., to drive 
about, distract, mislead ; rumoribus vulgi cir- 
cumagi, Liv. 

circumaro, to plough round, Liv. 

circumcaesura ae, f. the external outline of 
a body, Lucr. 

circumculo -cidi -clsum, S. (circum and 
caedo), to rut round, to cut, trim. A. Lit., nrs 
agricolarum quae lircumcidat, Cic. ; caespitem 
gladiis, Caes. B. Transf., to make lest, In/ 
cutting, diminish, cut of; nmltitudinem, Cic; 
sumptus, Liv. 



oii« 



D7 



oil* 



eircumcirea, adv., all round about, ap. Cic, 
Piaut. 
circumcisus -a -am, p. adj. (from circura- 

ctilo), of localities, abrupt, steep, inaccessible, 
saxum, Cic. ; collis ex omni parte circumcisus, 
Caes. 

ctrcumcludo -clilsi -clusnm, 3. 1, to shut in, 
enclose on all sides, surround; cornua argento, 
Caes; 2, to surround in a hostile manner; cir- 
cumcluili duobus exercitibus, Caes. ;_ transf., 
Catilina meis praesidiis, mea diligentia circum- 
elusus, Cic. 

circumcolo, 3. to dwell around, dwell near, 
Liv. 

circumcurso, 1. (intens. nf circumcurro), 
to runrouud, Plant., Lucr,, Cat. 

ciroumdo -d&li -datum, 1, surround. I. A. 
to put something ruwul something else; with ace, 
of the tiling placed, and dat, of the thing round 
which it is placed, tcctis ac moenibus subjicere 
ignea circumdareque, Cic. ; anna humeris, Verg. ; 
in tmesis, collo dare hrachia circum, Verg. B. 
Transf. to supply, paci egregiam famam, Tac. 
C. to build or place round ; murum, Caes. ; equi- 
les cornibus, Liv. II. to surround something 
with something else ; with ace. and abl. A. Lit. 
aniniuni corpore, Liv.; tempora vittis, Ov. ; 
regio insulis circuindata, Cic. B. to surround 
in a hostile manner; omnem aciem suain redis 
et earns, Caes. ; oppidum corona, Liv. C. 
Transf., exiguis quilmsdam finibus totum ora- 
toris inumis, Cic. 

circumduct) -dnxi -duetuin, 3. I. to lead 
round, move or drive round. A. exercitum, 
Plant. ; aratrum (of the founding of a colony 
when a plough was driven around the site of the 
wall), Cic. ; flumen ut circino circumductum, 
Caes. B. to lead round, to lead by a round-about 
course; 1, lit., ROhortes qnatuor longiore itin- 
ere, Caes.; absol., praeter castra hostimn eir- 
Cllinducit, lie marches round, Liv.; 2, transf., 
a, to leail astray, deceive, Plant.; b, of dis- 
course, to extend, amplify, Quint. II. to lead 
■round about, to tale tonnd; aliquem omnia 
sua praesidia circumdncere, atque ostentare, 
Caea. 

circumductio -finis, f. (cirenmdnco), cheat- 
ing, deceiving, Plant. 

circumductus -a -nm, partic. nf circum- 
duco. 

Circiimeo (circueo) -ivi or -ii -Hum -ire, to 
go, travel, or walk round. I. A. Gen., 1, in, 
a circle. ; flagrantes aras, Ov. ; hostimn rastra, 
f.'aes. ; 2, a, to go round in a curve ; utetam fer- 
vi'nti rota, ()v. ; b, transf., (a) to cheat, Ter. ; (j3) 
to express Ivy circumlocution; Vespasiani nomen 
siispensi et vitabundi circiunibant, avoided 
•mentioning, Tac. B. to enclose, surround; aciem 
a latere aperto, Caes. ; fig., in pass., circuiniri 
totius belli fluctibiis, Cic. II. to go the round, 
go about. A. ipse eqno circumiens unuin quem- 
<iue noniinans appellat, Sail.; urbem, Liv. ; pleb- 
em, Liv. ; praedia, to visit, Cic. ; oram maris, 
Cic; vigilias, Liv. B. Esp., to go round to can- 
vass or solicit; senatum cum veste sordida, Liv. ; 
circumire ordines et liortari, Caes. 

circurnequito, 1. to ride round; moenia, 
Liv. 

circumerro, 1. to wander round, Sen. 

circumfero -ttili -latum -ferre, to carry 
round, bring round. I. 1, circumferuntur tab- 
ulae inspiciendi nominis causa, Cic; poculum 
circumfertur, Liv. ; 2, to sjrrecul around ; circa 
ca omnia templa infestos ignes, Liv.; incendia 
etcaedes et terrorem, Tac; bellum, Liv.; 3, 
to move round, turn in all directions (of a part 
of the body, esp. the eyes) ; oculos, Liv. ; 4, 



to spread a report, disseminate news) quae 80 
circumferat esse Corinnam, Ov. II. to carry 
round in a circle ; 1, middle, sol Ut circumfer* 
atur, revolves, Cic. ; 2, religious t. t., to lus- 
trale, purify, by carrying round consecrated 
objects ; socios pura circumtulit uuda, Verg. 

circumflecto -flexi -flexura, 3. to bend 
round, to turn about ; longos cursus, Verg. 

circumfl.o, 1, to blow round; fig., ut ab om- 
nibus ventis invidiae circumflari posse videatur, \ 
Cic. 

circumfluo -fluxi -fluxum, 3 I. to flow 
round, Ov. II. A. to overflow; tig., nee ea re- 
dundans tamen nee circumfluens orati" diffuse, 
Cic. B. Transf. to abound in; circumfluere 
omnibus copiis. Cic. ; gloria, Cic. 

circumfluus -a -urn (circumfluo), 1, act., 
flowing round, circumfluent; humor, Ov. ; 2, 
pass., flowed round, surrounded by water; in- 
sula, Ov. 

circumforaneus -a -nm (circum and for- 
um), 1, round the forum; aes, money borrowed 
from the bankers whose shops were round the 
forum = debt, Cic. ; 2, attending at markets; , 
pharmacopeia, Cic. 

circumfundo -fudi -fusuin, 3. to pour 
around. I. A. Lit., gen. in pass., circuinfundi, 
or reflexive, se circuinfundere, to be poured round 
= to surround; with dat., amnis circumfun- 
ditur parvae insulae, Liv. B. Transf., of per- 
sons, iefl., se circuinfundere, or simply circuin- 
fundere, (o flock round; with dat., equites Han- 
noni Afiisque se circumfudere, Liv. ; so pass., 
as middle, circumfunditur equitatus Caesaris, 
Caes. ; of things, undique circtunfusis molestiis 
or|voluptatibus, Cic. II. to encompass, surround. 

A. Lit., 1, act., i^ortuum cera, Nep. ; 2, pass., 
to be washed by; parva quaedam insula est cir- 
cumfusa illo mari quern oceanum appellatis, Cic. 

B. Transf., to surround, encircle, hem in; prae- 
fectum caatrorum et lcglonarios milltescircuin- 
fnndnnt, Tac; gen. in pass., multls circnm- 
fusns Stoicorum librls, Cic. 

oircumgemo, 3. to growl round about ; ovile, 
Hor. 

ciroumgesto, 1. to carry round; epistolam, 
Cic. 

circumgredlor -gressus sum -grfidi (cir- 
cum and gradior), to go round, travel round, 
especially with hostile intent ; exereitnm, Sail. ; 
terga, Tac. 

circumicio = circnmjieio (q.v.). 

circuminjicio, 3. to throw around ; vallum, 
Liv. 

circumjaceo, 2. to lie roundabout, adjoin; 
quaeque circumjacent Europae, Liv. 

clrcumjectus -us, m. (circnmjieio). I. a 
surrounding, enclosing; qui (aether) tenero ter- 
ram circumjectu amplectitur, Cic. II. Meton., 
ut ita munita arx circumjectu arduo niteretur, 
Cic. 

circumjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (circum and 
jacio); 1, to throw round, put round; multitu- 
dinein hominum totis moenibus, Caes. ; hence of 
localities, clrcumjectus -a -um, surrowuling, 
adjacent ; nationes, Tac. ; aediflcia circumjecta 
niuris, Liv. ; 2, aliquid aliqua re, to surround, 
enclose with anything, Cic; circumjicere extrem. 
itatem coeli rotundo ambitu, Cic. 

circumlavo -are and -ere, to wash round, to 
overflow round, Sail. 

circumligo, 1. 1, to bind round, bind to; 
natani mediae liastae, Verg. ; 2, to bind round 
with ; forrnm stuppa, Liv. ; circumligatum esse 
angui, Cic. 

clrcumlino, no perf. -lltum, 3. and aim 



iiiV 



98 



oir 



cil'CUtnlinlo -lluli, 4. 1, to smear anything 
on anything; sulfura taedis, Ov. ; 2, to besmear 
with anything, to cover; circumlitus auro, Ov. ; 
circunilita saxa limsco, Hor. 

circumliio, 3. to wash round, flow round ; 
quo (nwri) In paeninsulae modum para major 
(a re is) circumhiitur, Liv. 

circumlustrans -anti 5 ;, illuminating all 
round, Lucr. 

circumluvio -onis, f. (circumluo), the for- 
mation of an island by the encroachment of a 
river, Cic. 

circummitto -inisi -missum, 3. I. to send 
by a roundabout way, to send round; tribuno 
cum duorum signorum militibus eircummisso, 
Liv. II. to send- round about, to send in all di- 
rections ; legationes, Cars. 

circummunio (cirenmmoenio, Plant.), 4. 
to fortify round, to wall round, to shut in by 
lines of circumrallation ; Uticam vallo, Caes. 

circummunitio -Onis, f. (circummunio), 
the investing or ciraunvaltation of a fortress, Caes. 

circumpadanus -a -urn, round about the 
Po, near the river Po ; campi, Liv. 

circumplaudo, 3. to clap or applaud on all 
sides; aliquem, Ov. 

circumplector -plexus, 3. dep. to embrace, 
enclose, surround ; doniini patrimonium circum- 
plexua quasi thesaurum draco, Cic. ; collem 
opere, Caes. 

circumplico, 1. to fold round, wind round; 
si anguem vectis circumplicavisset, Cic. 

circumpono -pGsui -pGsitum, 3.' to place or 
•put round, encircle; nemus staguo, Tac. ; piper 
catillis; Hor. 

circumpotatio -onis, f. (circum and poto), 
drinking round in succession, ap, Cic 

circumretio, 4. (circum and rete), to enclose 
in a net, ensnare; transf., aliquem, Lucr.; to 
circimirctitum frequentia populi Romani video, 
Cic 

circumrodo -rosi, 3. tognaw round ; esram, 
Plin. ; transf., dudum cnim circumrodo quod 
devorandum est, / have long hesitated to speak 
out, Cic; qui dentc Theonino quuni cirenm- 
roditur, slandered, Hor. 

circumsaepio -saeptns, 4. to hedge round, 
enclose; corpna armatia, Liv. 

circumscindo, 3. to tear off, strip ; quo 
ferocins clamitabat, eo infeatins circiimacindcre 
et spoliare lictor, Liv. 

circumscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to de- 
scribe a circle round, to enclose in a circular line. 
I. Lit., orbem, Cic. ; stantein virgula, Cic. II. 
Transf. A. to draw the outline of an object, to 
fix the boundaries of; locum habitandi alicui, 
Cic. B. to draw together, confine, limit, circum- 
scribe, hanijier, restrain; trilmnum plebis, Cic. 
C. 1, to take in, deceive, circumvent, ensnare; 
fallacious et, captioaia Interrogationibua circum- 
scripti, Cic. ; 2, to defraud ; adoleacentuloa, 
Cic. ; vectigalia, to embezzle, Quint. ; 3, to put 
aside as invalid, invalidate, annul; scntentias, 
Cic. 

circumscripta, adv. (cirenmscriptus), in 
rhetorical periods; eircumscriptc numeroseque 
dicere, Cic. 

circumscriptio -onis, f. (circumscribo), 
erxirdivg. I. Lit., concrete, circumference, Cic. 
XX. Trsnsf., A. outline, boundary; 1, . 
terrae, Cic. ; temporis, limit, Cic. ; 2, in rln 
a period, Cic. B. deceit, swindling, defrauding, 
esp. in pecuniary matters ; ndolcscentium, Cic. 

circumscriptor -oris, m. (circumscribo), 
a cheat, swindler, Cic. 



circumscriptus -a -urn. p. adj. (front 
circumscribo), concise; brcvis ct circumscripta 
quaedam explicatio, Cic. 

oircumscco -scctum, 1, tu cut round about ; 
oliquid serra, Cic. 

circumsedeo -sedi -aeasum, 2. I. Gen., to 
sit round, Sen. II. Esp., to surround with. 
hostile intent, besiege, beleaguer ; aliquem vallo, 
Cic; transf., a lacrimia omnium circumsessus, 

assailed, Cic. 

circumsessio -onis,-f. (circumsedeo), an 
encircling with hostile intent, a beleaguering, Cic. 

circumsido -sedi, 3. to sit doivn before a 
place, besiege; oppidum, Sail. 

circumsilio, 4. (circum and salio), to leap 
or jump round; (passer) eircumsiliens, Cat.; 
transf., tosurroimd; morborumomne genus, Juv. 

circuinsisto -st6ti, or (more rarely) -stiti, 
3. to place oneself round, to surround. A. Gen., 
aliquem, Caes. B. Esp., to surround hostility, 
press round ; plures paucos circumsistebant, 
Caes. ; sex lietores circumsistunt, Cic. 

circumsono -sonui -sonatum, 1, a, to sound 
around; clamor hostes circumsonat, Liv.; b, to 
echo with; locus qui circumsonat ululatibus, 
Liv. ; talibus aures tuas vocibus uudiquc cir- 
cunisonarc, Cic. 

circumsonus -a -urn (circumsono), sound- 
ing around ; turba canum, Ov. 

circumspectatrix -Icis, f. (circumspecto), 

a female who loolcs round about, Plant. 

circumspectio -onis, f. (circumspicio), 

foresight, circumspection, caution; circumspectio 
aliqua et accurate conaideratio, Cic. 

Circumspecto, 1. (frcq. of circumspicio), 
to look' around. I. Intransit., to look round re- 
peatedly ; circumspectant bestiae in pastu, Cic. ; 
tig., dubitans, circumspectana, hacsitaris, Cic. 
II. Transit, a, to look round at, esp. wiOi anxiety 
or suspicion ; omnia, Cic. ; patriciorum vultus, 
Liv.; b, to look round to seek for something or 
somebody ; cirenmapectare omnibus fori partibua 
senatorem raroqne usquam nosci tare, Liv.; c, to 
wait fur, watch for; defectionis tempus, Liv. 

1. circumspectus -a -nm, p. adj. with 
compar. and supurl. (from circumspicio), 1, 
pass., of things, deliberate, well considered ; verba 
circumspccta, Ov. ; 2, active, of persons, cir- 
cumspect, cautious, Sen. 

•2. circumspectus -us, m. (circumspicio), 
1, looking round, Plin.; transf., atttution to; 
detinere aliquem ab cirenmapectu rerum alia- 
runi, Liv. ; 2, prospect, view on every side, Cic. 

circumspicio -spexi -apectnm, 3. to look 
round. I. Intransit. A. qui in auspicium ad- 
hibetur nee suspicit nee eircumspicit, Cic. ; cir- 
CUinspicit (looks round anxiously), aestuat, Cic 
B. Transf., to consider; circumspicite celeriter 
animo qui sint rerum exitus consecuti, Cie. II. 
Transit., to look round at. A, 1, lit., lirbis 
situm, Liv.; 2, transf., to consider carefully; 
omnia pericula, Cic. B. to look around for; 1, 
lit., Caes.; saxum ingens, Verg. ; 2, transf., to 
look for, seek for ; externa auxilia, Tac. 

Circumsto -steti, 1. I. to stand round or 
i'u a circle, to surround, encircle; sellam, Liv.; 
hence partic. snbst., circumatantes, the by- 
Stan lers, Liv. II. tu surround with hostile in- 
tent, to belcagii r. A. Lit., circumstarc tribunal 
praetoris urbaui, obsiderc cum gladiis curiam, 
Cic. B. Transf., qnuni taut i undique tcrrores 
cirenmstarent, Li \-. 

circumstrcpo -strepiii -strepltum, 3. to 
roar, make a noise round, sliout clamorously 
around ; legatua clainore seditiosorum circum- 



Oil 4 



90 



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Strepitur, Tac. ; with ace, quidam atrociora 
circuinstrepcbant, Tac. 

circumstruo -struxi -structuin, 3. to build 
rinaid, Suet. 

circumsurgens -entis, rising round, Tac. 

circumtego, 3. to cover all round, Lucr. (?). 

circumtero, 3. to rub against on all sides; 
poet., to crowd round, Tib. 

circumtextus -a -urn, woven all round; 
ciieumtextuin croceo velameii aeantho, Verg. 

circumtono -tomli, X- to thunder round; 
qua totum Kerens circumtonat orbeni, Ov. 

circumtonsus -a -tun, 1, shaven or shorn 
all round, Suet.; 2, transf., of discourse, arti- 
ficial, Sen. 

circumvado -vasi, 3. to attack from every 
side, to surround. I. Lit., immobiles naves cir- 
cumvadunt, Liv. II. Transf., cum terror cir- 
cumvasisset aciem, Liv. 

circumvagus -a -urn, wandering round, or 
in a circle; Oceanus, Hor. 

circumvallo, 1. to surround with a wall, or 
fortification, to blockade, beleaguer; oppidum, 
Caes. ; Poinpeium, Cic. ; fig., tot res repente cir- 
cumvallant, Ter. 

circumvectio -onis, f. (circuinvehor), 1, a 
carrying round of merchandise; portorium cir- 
cunivectionis, transit dues, Cic; 2, soils, circuit, 
revolution, Cic. 

circumvector, 1. dep. (intens. of circum- 
velior), 1, to ride, or sail round; Ligumin oras, 
Liv.; 2, poet.,- to go through, describe; singula 
duin circuinvectaimir, Verg. 

circumvehor -vectus, 3. dep., 1, to ride nr 
sail round; jubet circumvectos (equites), ab 
tergo Gallicain iuvadere aciein, Liv. ; navibua 
circum vecti, Caes.; with ace, cum elasseCorsicae 
oram, Liv. ; transf., frustra circumvehor omnia 
verbis, try to describe at once, Verg. ; 2, to ride 
or sail in every direction, Liv. 

. circumvelo, 1. to veil or conceal on all sides; 
aurato circnmvelatur ainictu, Ov. 

circumvenio -veni -ventum,-. 4. to come 
round, surround, encircle. I. Gen. A. Of per- 
sons, homines circumventi flamma, Caes. B. 
Of places, Rlienus modicas insulas circumveu- 
iens, Tac. II. to surround with hostile intent. 
A. Lit., 1, of persons, hostes a tergo, Caes. ; 2, 
of things, cuncta moenia exercitu, Sail. B. 
Transf., 1, to beset, oppress, assail; aliquem judicio 
capitis, Cic; 2, to cheat; innocentein pecunia, 
Cic. 

circumversor, l. dep., to twist or turn 
round, Luer. 

circumverto (-vorto) -verti (-vorti)-versmn 

(-vorsuni), 3. A. to turn, twist round; rota per- 
petuum qua circum vertitur axein, Ov. ; lnancip- 
ium, to manumit, Quint. B. Transf., to de- 
fraud; qui me argento circumvortant, Plant. 

oircumvestio, 4. to clothe all round, poet,, 
ap. Cic. 

circumvincio -vinctus, 4. to bindall round, 
Plant. 
oircumviso, 3. to look all round, Plaut. 

circumvolito, 1. 1, to fly round; lacus cir- 
cumvolituvit liirundo, Verg. ; 2, transf., to rove 
about, hover round; circuinvolitant equites, 
Lucr. 

Oircumvolo, 1. to fly round; aliquem atris 
alis (of death), Hor. 

circumvolvo -volvi -volfitum, 3. to roll 
round; sol magnum circumvolvitur annum, co?u- 
pletes its annual course, Verg. 

circus -i. m. (ki'pkos). I. a circular line; 



candens, the milky way, Cic. -II. a circus, hippo- 
drome. A. in Home ; 1, Circus Maximus, or 
Circus, the grcui cirCUS or racecourse in Home, sur- 
rounded, by galleries which accommodated 150,000 
spectators, Liv. ; 2> Circus Flaminius, outside 
the town, Cic, B. a circus in other places ; 1, 
Circus niaritimus at Anagnia, Liv. ; 2, any circus 
or place wheregames arc held, Verg. 

Ciris -is, f. (xeipis), a bird, into which Scylla, 
daughter of Nisus, was transformed, Ov. 

cirratus -a -urn (cirrus), curled, crisi>cd r 
Mart. 

Cirrha -ae, f. (Ki'ppa), a city of Phocisi the 
port of Delphi, sacred to Apollo ; hence, Cirr- 
hacus -a-um, relating to Cirrha or Apollo. 

cirrus -i, m., 1, a lock, curl, or ringlet of 
hair, Juv. ; 2, the fringe of a garment, Phaedr. 

Cirta -ae, f. (Klpra.), a town of Kumidia. 

cis, prep., with ace. (connected with is and 
hie, with demonstrative c prefixed), on this side ; 
l f of place, cis Taurum, Cic. ; 2, of time, cis 
dies paucos, within a few days, Sail. 

cisalpinus -a -um, on this side (the Roman), 
i.e., the south side oftlie Alps ; Gallia, Caes. 

cisium -ii., n. a light two-wheeled gig, Cic 

cisrhenanus -a -um, on this side the Rhine; 
Germani, Caes. 

Cisseus -6i, m. (Ki<r<reus), king of Thrace, 
father of Hecuba; hence Cisscis -Idis, f. (Kto-- 
otji's), daughter of Cisseus, Hecuba. 

cista -ae, f. (kiVtij), a chest, casket for keeping 
money, fruit, books, etc., Cic. ; for sacred uten- 
sils, Tib. ; a ballot-box, Plin. • - 

cistella -ae, f. (dim. of cista), a little chest, 
or casket, Plant. 

cistellatrix -Tcis, f. (cistella), the female 
slave whose basihess it was to keep the cash-box, 
Plaut. 

cistellula -ae, f. (dim. of cistella), a little 
casket, Plaut. 

. cisterna -ae, f. a subterranean reservoir, a 
cistern; piscinae cistemaeque servandis iinbrib-. 
us, Tac. 

cistifcr -fSri, im (cista and fero), one who 
carries a box or chest, Mart. • 

cistophorus -i, in. (*«TTo</>opo«), an Asiatic 
coin worth about four drachmae, so called from 
the impression of a cista upon it ; in eistophora 
in Asia habeo ad IIS. bis et vicies, in Asiatic 
coinage, Cic. 

cistula -ae, f. (dim. of eista), a caslcet, Plaut. 

citatim, adv. (citatus), quickly, hastily, Cic 

citatus -a -um, p. adj. with coinpar. and 
superb (from cito), quick, rapid, speedy ; Rhenus 
per lines Trevirorum citatus fertur, Caes.; citato 
equo or citatis equis, at full gallop, Liv. 

citer -tra-trum(eis), on thisside. I. Positive, 
Cato. II. Com par., citcrlor -us, genit. -oris, 
on this side. A. Gallia, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ad 
haec citcriora veniam et notiora nobis, more 
closely concerning us, Cic. ; 2, of time, earlier ; 
citeriores nondum audiebamus, Cic .HI. Su- 
perl., cltimus or citumus -a -um, very near, 
nearest; stella ultima a caelo citima . terris, 
Cic^ 

Cithacron -onis, in. (KiSaipwv), a mountain 
in the south-west of Boeotia, scene of the Bacchic 
orgies. 

cithara -ae, f. (xifldpa). A. a foiir-stringed 
instrument, Hor. B. Meton., 1, the mwsic of 
the cithara, Hor. ; 2, the art of playing the 
cithara, Hor. . 

citharista -ae, hi. (ki9opktt^«)» a player on 
the cWuira, Ter. "... :.-.*•* * 



eit 



100 



ola 



citharifltria -ae, f. (ia0api<rrpia), a female 
player on the cithara, Ter. 

cltharizo, l. {Ki$apifa), to play the cithara, 
Nep_. 

citharoedlcus -a -um (KifapwStKd;), relating 
to the citharoedus, Suet. 

citharoedus -i, m. (/aBapySot), one who 
sings to the cithara, Cic. 

Citlura -ii, n. (Kinov), a maritime city of 
Cyprus, birthplace of the Stoic philosopher, Zeno ; 
hence, A. Cltlensls -e, belonging to Citium. 
B. Cltieus -a -urn, belonging to Citium. C. 
CltleUS -Ji, m. of Citium ; Zeno, Cic. 

1. clttf, comp. citius, sup. cltissime, adv. 
(citus). A. (pxickly, speedily, Cic. ; cito discere 
aliquid, Cic. B. Transf., a, non cito, not easily, 
Cic; b, compar., citius quam, sooner than, Cic. 

2. cito, 1. (freq. of cio = cieo). I. to put 
into violent mot ion, hence to cite, summon; a, the 
senate; patres in curiam, Liv. ; b, the people to 
vote; in cainpo Martio centuriatim populum, 
Liv. ; c. the. knights ; "Cita," inquit Nero, "M. 
Livium, Liv. ; d, the citizens to take tlie oath of 
military allegiance; citati milites noininatini 
apud tribunes militum in verba P. Scipionis 
juraverunt, Liv. ; e, in a court of justice, (a) the 
jury ; si Lysiades citatus judex non respondent, 
Cic. ; (/3) the prosecutor ,or defendant ; citat reum, 
non respondet ; citat accusatorem, Cic. ; omnes 
ii ab te capitis C. Rabirii nomine citantur, 
Cic. ; (y) a witness ; in hanc rem te, Naevi, testem 
citabo,Cic; transf., quamvisciteturSalamis clar- 
issiinae testis victoriae, Cic. ; (6) the condemned; 
praeconis audita vox citantis nomina damnat- 
orura, Liv. ; f, to call upon a god for help ; ali- 
quem falso, Ov. IL a, to shout out ; paeanem, 
Cic. ; b, to call forth, to produce; isque (an inii) 
motus aut boni aut inali opinioue citatur, Cic. 

citra, adv. and prep, with ace. (from citcr). 
I, on this side ; citra Veliam, Cic. ; citra Rhenum, 
Caes. II. Tran9f., A. on this side of (a certain 
boundary), within, before; 1. of space, paucis 
citra milibus, Liv. ; citra tertiam, syllabam, be- 
fore the third syllable, Cic. ; 2, of time, within; 
citra Trojnna tempora, Ov. B. = sine, praeter, 
without, except ; citra vnlnus, Plin. 

oltreus -a -um (citrus), 1, belonging to the cil- 
ri.s tree ; mensa, made of citrus wood, Cic; 2, be- 
longing to the citron tree ; citrea, the citron tree, 
Plin. ; citreum, the citron, Plin. 

citro, adv. (citer), fo\ind only in combina- 
tion with nltro ; ultro et citro, ultro ciuoqne, 
ultro citro, ultro ac citro, up atid down, hither 
and thither, Cic. 

citrum -i, n. citrus wood, Plin. 

citrus -i, m. the citrus, a kind of African cy- 
press, from the aromatic timber of which the 
Romans manufactured costly articles of furni- 
ture (perhaps Thuia orientalis, Linn.), Plin. 

Citus -a -\im, p. adj. (from cieo), quick, speedy ; 
vox, Cic. ; incessus, Sail. ; pes, tlie iambus, Ov. 

ClVlCUS -a -lira (civis), relating to a citizen, 
civic; bella, civil war, Ov. ; corona, and simply 
civica -ae, f. the civic crown, a chaplet of oak 
leaves presented to one who had saved the life of a 
Roman citizen in war, bearing the Inscription, 
ob civem servatum, Cic. 

Civilis -e (civis). I. relating to a citizen, civic, 
civil. A. Lit., conjuratio, Cic. ; dlscordla, Sail. ; 
qnercus = corona civica (v. civiens), Verg. ; 
jus, either the civil law of the Romans (opp. jus 
naturals) or the. law of private rights (opp. jus 
publicum), Cic. ; dies, from midnight to midnight, 
as opp. to the naturalis dies, from sunrise, to 
ntiuet, Varr. B. Transf., a f becoming a citi:en, 
befitting a citizen; nulli civilis animus, Liv. ; b, 



popular, affable, Courteo7ls ; qilid civilius illo, OV. 
II, relating to public life or the state ; a, scientia, 
Cic; civitium rerum peritus, Tac. ; b, civil, 
as opp. to military ; non militaria solum sed 
civilia quoque munera, Liv. 

civilltas -atis, f. (civilis), 1, the science, of 
politics, used by Quint, as a translation of >j 
itokiTocri ; 2, politeness, condescension, civility, 
Suet _ 

civiliter, adv. (civilis), 1, like a citizen; 
vivere, Cic. ; 2, politely, Ov. 

civis -is, c. (from cio or cieo, summoned). I. 
a citizen (opp. hostis or peregrinus), civis Ro- 
manus, Cic. ; aliquem civem asciscere, Cic. ; 
fieri civem Roinanum, Cic. ; fern., civis Attica, 
Ter. II. A. fellow citizen ; cives mei, Cic. B. 
subject ; imperare corpori ut rex eivibus suis, Cic. 

civltaa -atis, f. (civis). I. Abstr., citizenship, 
the condition or rights of a citizen ; civitatem 
dare alicui, Cic. ; aniittere, Cic; aliquem civi- 
tate donare, Cic. ; aliquem in civitatem asciscere, 
Cic. ; in popnli Romani civitatem suscipi, Cic. ; 
civitatem consequi, adipisci, habere, iinpetrare, 
adimere, Cic. ; civitate inutari, Cic. II. Concr. 
A. a unkm of citizens, a state, commonwealth ; 
civitates aut nationes, civilised states or barbar- 
ous tribes, Cic. ; civitatem instituere, adminis- 
trate, Cic. ; civitates eondere, Cic B. Meton., 
a town, city, Cic. 

clades -is, f. (connected with gladius), de- 
struction. I. destruction of plants, etc., by hail 
or rain, loss, damage, Plaut. ; loss of a limb ; 
dextrae nianus, Liv. II. A. disaster, injury, 
civitatis, Cic. B. Meton., persons ulio cause 
the disaster; militum clades, Cic ; geminos 
Scipiadas clad em Libyae, Verg. C. Esp., mis- 
fortune in Mir, defeat; cladem inferre, Liv.; 
facere, Sail. ; accipere, Liv. ; hosti inferre, Cic. 

clam (old Lat. calam or eiliin, from root 
CAL, CEL, whence eel -o). I. A<1 v., secretly 
(opp. palam), in secret ; esse, to remain incognito, 
•Liv.; plura clam reinovere, Cic. II. Prep, a, with 
abl., clam vobis, Caes. ; clam istis, Cic; b, gen. 
with aoc, clam me est, ft is unknown to vie, Cic 

clamator -uris, in. (claino), a shouter, a 
bawler, noisy declaimer, Cic 

clamlto, 1. (intens. of clanin), to cry loudly, 
shout violently ; 1, absol. or with ace, Cauneas 
clamitabat, cried figs of Cnuuus, Cic. ; of things, 
nonne ipsum caput et. supercilia ilia penitna 
abrasa clamitare eilliditatem videntur, Cic; 2, 
followed by an exclamation in direct, speech, atl 
anna! clainitans, Liv.; 3, foil, by ace. and in- 
tln. in indirect speech, saope clainitans lihernm 
se liberaeqne civitatis esse, Caes.; 4, with the 
ace, aliquem sycophantam, Ter. 

clamo, 1. (connected with KaAf'w). I. In- 
transit., to shout, cry aloud. A. Of men, loqui 
omnes et clamare coeperunt, Cic. ; de suo et ux- 
oris interitu, Cic. B. Of animals, anseres qui 
tantummodo clamant, nocere non possunt, Cic. 
II. Transit., 1, to call to or upon ; comites, Ov.; 
morientem nomine, Verg. ; with double ace, tc 
callalmul; aliquem fnrem, Hor. ; 2, to proclaim 
aloud ; a, with ace, hoc de pecunia, Cic; b, in 
direct speech, infantem Io triumphe ! clamasse, 
Liv. ; c, in indirect speech, clamare ille quum 
raperetur, nihil se miserum fecisse, Cic ; d, 
with ut and the subj., clamare coeperunt, sibi 
ut hal>eret hereditatem, Cic 

clamor - oris, m. a loud shouting, cry. A. 
Of men, clamor popnli infestus atque inimicus, 
Cic. ; clamorem edere, tollere, Cic. ; excitare, 
Liv. ; clamor oritur, Sail. ; auditor, Caes. ; esp., 
1, shout of applause ; haec sunt, quae clamores 
et admirationes in bonis oratnrilms eftic.iunt, 
Cic. ; 2, wild cry ; aliquem clamoribus et con- 



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101 



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viciis et sibilis conseetari, Cic. 3, icai'-crj/ ; 
clumorcill tolterc, Caes. ; 4, cry of narrow ; la- 
inentautiiuu militum, Liv. 3. Of animals, 
gniuin, Lucr. C. u sound of lifeless tilings; 
inoutiuni, Hor. 

ClamosUB -a -um (clamo), 1, act., noisy, 
clamorous, Quint. ; 2, pass., filled ivith noise; 
circus, Mart. 

clanculum, adv. (clam), secretly, in secret, 
Plant., Ter.J men. with aec, clanculum patres, 
Ter. 

clandestinus -a -um (clam), secret, con- 
cealed, hidden, clandestine; colloquia cum hosti- 
bus, Cic. 

clangor -oris, m. a sound, clang, noise; 1, 
the cry of birds, Ov. ; of the eagle, Cic. poet. ; 
the hissing of geese, Liv. ; 2, the sound of a trum- 
pet, Verg. 

Clanis -is, m. re river oj Elruria. 

Clanius -ii, m. a river of Campania. 

clare, adv. (clams). I. Lit. A. As regards 
sight, clearly, brightly ; videre, Plaut. ; fulgere, 
Cat. B. As regards hearing, aloud; plaudere, 
dime, Plaut. ; gemerc, Cic. II. Transf. A. 
clearly, distinctly ; apparere, ap. Cic. ; ostendere, 
Quint. B. illustriously ; explendescere, Nep. 

clarco, 'J. (clarus). I. to be bright, to shine, 
Cic. poet. II. Transf. A. to be clear to the mind, 
be evident, Lucr. B. to be distinguished, illus- 
trious, Enn. 

claresco, elarui,- 3. (inch, of clareo). I. 
A. to become clear, bright, Tac. B. to sound 
or resound clearly; clarescunt sonitus, Verg. 
II. Transf. A. to become clear to the mind, be- 
come evident, Lucr. B. to become illustrious, Tac. ; 
exgente Domitia duae familiac claruerunt, Suet. 

clarfgatio -onis, f. (clarigo), 1. the demand 
of satisfaction and declaration of war by a Fetialis, 
Plin. ; 2, the fine imposed on a num caught be- 
yond the limits within which he has been ordered 
to remain, Liv. 

clarigo (clare— i.e., clara voce— and ago), 1. 
to declare war, used of the Fetialis, Plin. 

clarlsonus -a -um (clarus and sono), clearly 
sounding ; vox, Cat. 

claritas -atis, f. (clarus). I. Lit. A. Of the 
sight, clearness, brightness, brilliancy, Plin. B. 
Of the voice, vocis, Cic. II. Transf. A. clearness 
to the mind, plainness, Quint. B. fame, celeb- 
rity, renown ; hominis, Cic. 

Claritudo -luis, f. (clarus), clearness, bril- 
liancy. I. Lit., of the sight, deae (i.e., lunae), 
Tac. II. Transf., fume, renown, celebrity, Sail. 

claro, 1. (clarus). I. to make clear, make 
bright, Cic. poet. II. Transf. A. to make plain, 
evident ; animi naturam versibus, Lucr. B. to 
■nmke illustrious, renowned, Hor. 

claror -oris, m. (clarus), brightness, Plaut. 

Clards, i, f. (KAopos), a small town in Ionia, 
on a promontory near Colophon, famous for a 
temple and oracle of Apollo ; hence Clariua -a 
-um (KAopto?), Clarion, surname of Apollo, Ov. ; 
pocta, the poet Antimachus, born at Claros. 

Clarus -a -um (connected with k\<-(uv6s), 
clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus). I. Lit. 
A. In regard to objects of sight, bright, shin- 
ing, brilliant ; luniina nmndi, Verg. ; locus, Cic. ; 
poet., of the wind, making clear, bringing fair 
■weather ; aquilo, Verg. B. In regard to objects 
of hearing, clear, loud; voce, Cic. II, Transf. 
A. clear, evident, plain ; luce sunt clariora nobis 
tua consilia, Cic. B. 1, illustrious, renowned, 
distinguished ; a, of persons, vir clarissimus, 
Cic. ; clarus gloria, Cic. ; clarus in philosophia 
gt fiobjlis, Cic, ; ex doctrina nqbilis et clarus, 



Cic; b, ufthhigs npiiiduin Cic; victoria olar- 
issinia, Cic; 2, ill a bad sense, notorious; illft 
oppugnatio lani autiiiuissiini quam clara apud 
onnies, Cic. ; populus luxuriasuperbiaque clarus, 
Liv. 

classiariUS -i, in. (classis), 1 (sc. miles), a 
soldier on board shi]>, a marine, Tac ; 2 (sc. 
nauta), a rower, or sailor, on board a war galley, 
Caes. 

olassioula -ae, f. (dim. of classis), a little 
fleet, flotilla, Cic 

classiCUS -a -um (classis). I. A. relating 
to the classes into which the Roman citizens were 
distributed; hence, classiCUS -i, in. a citizen 
of the first or highest class. B. Transf., classicus 
scriptor, an author of the first rank, Gell. II. 
relating to the army or the fleet. A. relating to 
the army; subst., classicum -i, n. the signal 
of engagement given by a trumpet ; classicum 
canit, Liv. ; or the signal by which the classes were 
called to the comitia; classico ad contionem con- 
vocat, Liv.; and meton., the trumpet itself ; class- 
icum inflare, Verg. B. relating to the fleet; 
militcs, Liv. ; bclla, naval war, Prop. ; and 
subst., classic! -drum, m. marines, Tac. 

classis -is, I. (connected with «Aa<ri?, (cApcrw, 
from xAtw, and cal", to summon, lit. the multi- 
tude summoned). I, a class. A. Lit., one of the 
divisions into which Servius Tullius divided the 
whole Roman people; hence tig., quintae classis, 
of the lowest rank, Cic. B. Transf., any division; 
servorum, Petr. II. In milit. lang., the forces. 
A. re land army ; Hortinae classes, Verg. B. 
the fleet ; classem facere, compararc, aedilicarc, 
to build a fleet, Cic. ; iustrucre atque omarc, to 
fit out a fleet, Cic. ; classem appellere ad Dclum, 
to land, Cic. ; poet., re ship, Hor., Verg. ; hence, 
plur. classes = naves, Verg. Acn. ii. 30. 

Clastldlum -Ii, n. re town in Gallia Cis- 
pxidana, now Casteggio or Chiateggio. 

Claterna -ae, f., stronghold in Cispadane 
Gaul (now Maggio). 

clatrl -6mm, m. and clatra -5rum, n. 
((cAijepo), re trellis or grating, Hor. 

clatro, 1. (clatri), to provide or cover with a 
trellis or grating, Plaut. 

claudeo -ere, 2. and gen. claudo, clausur- 
us, 3. (claudus), to limp, halt, be lame; gen. used 
fig., si (beata vita) una ex parte clauderet, Cic. ; 
esp. of orators, in quacunque eniin una (parte) 
plane clauderet, orator esse noil posset, Cic. 

Claudfanus -i, m. (Claudius), a Latin poet, 
who lived in the reigns of Theodosius the Great, 
and his soils Arcadius and Honorius. 

claudicatlo -onis, f. (claudico), re limping, 
Cic. 

claudico, 1. (claudus), to limp, be lame; 
graviter claudicare ex vulnere ob rcmpublicam 
accepto, Cic. ; claudicat axis mundi, inclines, 
Lucr.; tig., to halt, waver, be defective; tota res 
vacillat et claudicat, Cic. ; esp. of speech, nihil 
curtum, nihil claudicans, Cic. 

Claudius (Clodius) -a -um, the name of a 
Roman family, both patrician and plebeian, of 
whom the most celebrated members were : — L 
Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, the founder 
of the family, a Sabine of Regillum, whose name 
was said to have been originally Attus Clausus. 
II, Appius Claudius Crassus, the most notori- 
ous of the decemvirs. III. Appius Claudius Caec- 
us, censor 312 B.C., the builder of several great 
public works. TV. Publius Clodius Pulcher, 
tribune of the people, viurdcivd by Milo, B.C. 62. 
V. Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Gennanicus, 
the fourth Roman emperor. Adj., Claudianus 
-a -um, Claudlalis -e, Clodianua -a -um, 
Claud\n]\\ ' ' 



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102 



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1. claudo, clausi, clausum, ". and cliido, 
clOsi, olusum, 3. (root CLA, whence ukivis, 

Gr. Dor. «Aai? = kA«i». I. Gen., to shut close 
(opp. npcrire). A. Lit., 1, forein cubiculi, 

Cic; portas alicui, Caes. ; Januni, to close the 
gates of the temple of Janus, Liv. ; tig., clatulere 
aures alicui rei, Cie. ; in ipsins eonsuetu- 
ilim.ni, quam adhuc uieus junior inilii clausit, 
rue insinuabo, Cic. ; 2, to close «j> a road or a 
country, to> make inaccessible; oinnes aditns 
claudentur, Cic. ; quod clausac hieme Alpes ess- 
ent, Liv. ; adhuc clausula fuisse mare scio, Cic. ; 
3, to close up ; a, geograph. 1. 1., insula ea sinum 
ab alto claudit ; b, milit. t. t., agmen claudere, 
to bring up tlie rear, Caes. Subst., clausum 
•i, n. a bolt or lock; clausa eH'ringerc, Sail.; 
B. Transf., 1, to bring to an end; opus, Ov. ; 
octavum lustrum, llor. ; 2, of character, par- 
tic. clausUS, secret, close ; Tiberius, Tac. II. A. 
'.= intercludere, to dam up, stop, intercept; rivos, 
Verg.; conimeatus, Liv.; horum ferocia vocem 
Evandri clausit, Liv. B.= conclndere, inelu- 
dere ; 1, lit., a, to shut up in; aliqucm in curi- 
am or in curia, Liv. ; b, milit. t. t., to invest ; 
oppiduin undique, Sail. ; of liunting, nenioruin 
BAltus, Verg. ; c, to encompass, surround ; urbs 
loci natura terra marique clauditur, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., a, aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in 
lingua promptum habere ; b, as rlict. 1. 1., sen- 
tcntias nunieris, Cic. 

2. claudo = claudeo (q.v.). 

claudus (cludua) -a -um. I. Lit., limping, 
halting, lame; claudus altero pede, lame on one 
foot, Nop.; claudi ac debiles equi, Liv.; prov., 
Istc claudus pilani, one who can. make proper use 
vf nothing, Cic. II. Transf. A. crippled, de- 
fective, wavering; naves, Liv. ; poet., carinina 
altcrno versu, elegiac verse, Ov. B. wavering, in- 
secure; clauda ncc officii pars erit ulla tui, Ov. 

claustrum -i, n. (claudo), gen. plur. I. a 
^bolt, bar; claustra revellere, Cic; laxare, Verg.; 
telaxare, Ov.; (lg., portaruni naturae cftVingere, 
lo lay bare the secrets of nature, Lucr. II. a gate, 
enclosure, dam, limit, boundary ; a, venti circum 
claustra fcrunt, Verg. ; b, custody, confinement; 
of animals, a den, cage ; diu claustris retentae 
ferae, Liv. ; c, a }X(ss or narrow place; claustra 
.luontium, Tac; milit, t. t., the key or critical 
point of a jtosition; terra claustra loeorum tenet; 
claustra Acgypti, Liv. ; llg., claustra ista (liar- 
Tier) nobilitatis refregissem, Cic. 

clausula -ae, f. (claudo), the end, conclu- 
nion. A. Gen., opistolae, Cic. . B. Esp. 1, the 
closing scene or closing word in a drama ; in quo 
(mimo) quum clausula.. nou invenitur, Cic ; 2, 
ju rhet., the close of a period, Cic. 

clava -ae, f. (clavus), a knotty staff or cudgel, 
Cic; also the staff used in the drill of recruits or 
in exercises in the use of weapons, Cic; the club 
Cf Hercules, Verg., Ov. 

clavarium -i, n. (clavus), a gift of money 
to Roman soldiers, Tac. 

clavator -Oris, in. (clava), one who carries 
fie clava, Plaut. 

clavicula -ac, f. (dim. of cla vis, a little key), 
hence, the twig or tendril by which the vine clings 
io its prop, Cic. 

1. clavlger -g8ri, m. (clava and gero), the 
club-bearer, epithet of Hercules, Ov. 

2. clavlger -gSri, in. (clavis and gero), the 
key-carrier, epithet of Janus as god of doors, Ov. 

Clavis -is, f. (»cAait, KAftf), 1, a key; adul- 
terina portarum, a false or skeleton keg, Sail. ; 
claves adimere uxori, to separate from one's wife, 
Cic. ; 2, a lock ; alias claves omnibus portis im- 
ponere, Liv,; 3, clavis adunca trochi, a stick for 
trundling a hoop, Prop, 



Clavus -i. m. a nail. A. Lit, clavis ferreis 
contixa transtra, Caes.; clavus trabalis, a spike, 
as a sign of firmness, an attribute of Necessitas, 
Hor. ; hence, prov., trabali clavo ligcre, to fix. 
firmly, Cic. ; annalis, the nail which on the ides of 
September every year was driven into the wall of the 
temple of Jupiter Capitolhvus at Home; hence lig., 
ex hoc die clavmn anni movebis, reckon the 
beginning of the year. Cic. B. Transf., 1, a 
helm, rudder, Verg.; fig., clavum imperii tenere, 
Cic; 2, a stripe of purple on the tunic, worn 
broad by the senators (latus), narrow by the knights 
(angustus), latum clavum a Caesare impetravi, 
/ have become a senator, Plin. ; the latus clavus 
was also worn by the boys of noble families at 
Rome, Ov. ; meton., clavus = the tunic with the 
broad or narrow stripe, Hor. 

Clazomenae -arum, f. (KAarjo/ucraO, one of 
the twelve Ionic towns in Asia Minor. 

Cleanthes -is, m. (KAearflijs), a Stoic 2'hilo- 
sopher, pupil of Zeno ; hence adj., Cleanthcus 
-a -um, .S'toto, Fers. 

Clemens -cutis, adj. with compar. and 
superb, mild, placid, kind, merciful, I. a, of 
persons, clcmentes judices ct miscricordes, Cie. ; 
ab innoccntia clenientissimus, Cic. ; b, of cir- 
cumstances, events, etc., castigatio, Cie. II. 
Transf., a, of the weather, mild; flanicn, Cat. ; 
b, of water, ipiiet, calm; amnis clenientissimus, 
still, Ov. 

elementer, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(Clemens), mildly, gently, mercifully. I, Lit., 
elementer facere or l'erre aliquid, Cic. ; ele- 
menter et moderate JUS dicere, Caes. ; elementer 
duetis militibns, without plundering, Liv. II. 
Transf., of places, gently rising ; elementer cdit- 
uni jiigttni, Tac. 

dementia -ae, f. (demons). A. mildness, 
mercy, clemency; dementia mansuetudoque, Cic; 
coufugere in clementiam alicuius, Cic; de- 
mentia uti, Cic. B. Transf., mildness of weather ; 
acstatis, Plin. 

Cleombrotus -i, in. (K\cV|SpoT0?), 1, a 
general of the Lacedaemonians ; 2, ft Greek philo- 
sopher of Anibrucia. 

Cleon -onis, m. (KAtW), a celebrated Athenian 
demagogue. 

Clednae -arum, f. (KAcwi'ai), a city in Ar- 
golis, near Ncmea ; hence adj.. Clconaeus 
-a -um, Clconean. 

Cleopatra -ae, f. .1. the daughter of Philip 
of Maccdon and. of Olympics, wife of Alexander I. 
of Epirus. II. the daughter of Ptolemy Anletes, 
queen of Egypt, the mistress of Antonius, whose 
forces (dlied with hers were overthrownby Augustus 
at Actium. 

clepo, clcpsl, cleptum, n. (kAc'wtw), to steal, 
ap. Cic. ; se, to conceal oneself, Sen. 

clepsydra -ae, f. (KAei|/08pa), the. water clock 
used to measure the time during which on orator 
spoke; binas clepsydras petere, to wish to speak 
for the length of two clepsydrae, Plin. ; dare, to 
give leave to speak, Plin.; eras ergo ad clepsy- 
dram, rhetorical exercises, Cic. ; so, aliquem ad 
clepsydram latrare docere, Cic. 

clepta -ae, in. (KAf'jrnjs), a thief, Plaut. 

clibanus -i, m. (/cAt'0ai'o<r), an earthen or 
Iron vessel perforated with small holes used for 
baking bread, I'liu. 

• cliens -eutis, in. (archaic el liens, from duo, 
irAu'w, to hear, lit. ft listener). I. In Rome, a 
client, dependent, one, under the protection of a 
patroiniR. II. Transf., 1, in Gaul and Ger- 
many, a vassal ; used of entire nations, allies, 
Caes.; 2, the worshipper of a god; Bacchi, Hor. 

cJiGnta -ae, f. (cliens), a/etnaU 'client IIo>-, 



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103 



coa 



Clientcla -ae, f. (cliens). I. A. elientship, 
the relation between the client and his patron; 
esse in alicuius clientela, Cic. ; in alicuius clien- 
telam se conferre, Cic. B. Meton. (gen. in 
plur.), clients, Cic. II. the relation of a weaker 
iMlion to a more powerful one, dependence; 
inagnae corum erant clientelae, Caes. ; dicare se 
alicui in clientelam, Caes. 

clientulus -i, in. (dim. of cliens), a little 
client, Tac. 

clinamen -mis, n. (*clino), the inclination 
of a thing, Lucr. 

clinatus -a -tun" (partic. from obsolete verb 
cliuo = kAiVoj), inclined, bent, leaning, Lucr., 
Cic. poet. • ' 

Ciinlas -ae, in. (KAfu-ias), the father ofAlci- 
biades ; hence, Clliiiades -ae, in. Akibiades. 

Clio -us, f. (KAeicJ), 1, the Muse of history ; 
2, u daughter of Uceanus. 

clipeo (clupeo), 1. to provide with a shield ; 
clineataagmina, Verg. Subst., clipeati -orum, 
in. soldiers bearing shields, lav. 

clipcus (clupgus) -i, m. and clipeum 
(clupeuni) -i, n. the round metal shield of the 
Human soldiers. I. Lit., Cic. ; prov.j clipeum 
l»>st vulnera sumere, to do anything too late, Ov. 
II, Transf., of objects resembling a shield in 
shape, a, the disk of the sun, Ov. ; b (gen. 
clipeum), a medallion portrait of a god or dis- 
tinguished man, Liv., Tac. 

Clisthencs -is, m. (KAetafleVqs), aw Athenian 
statesman^ 

Clitarchus -i, m. (KAe/Tapxos), a Greclc his- 
torian who accompanied Alexander the Great on 
\is expedition. 

clitellae -arum, f. (*clino), a pack saddle, 
« pair of panniers, Cic. 

clitellarius -a -um (clitellae), belonging or 
relating to a pack saddle, Cic. 

Cliternum -i, n. a town of the Acqui. Adj., 
Clitermnus -a -um, Cliternian. 

Clitomachus -i, m. (KA<riT'o/iax°s)> an Acad- 
emic philosopher, pupil of Cameadcs. 

Clitor -oris, m. (KAetTwp) and Clitorium 
-li, n. a town in Arcadia. Adj., Clltdrius -a 
-um, Ciitorian. 

Clitumnus -i, m. a river in'Umbria, now 
Clit anno. . . ...... 

clivosus -a -inn (clivus), hilly, steep, precipi- 
tous, rus, Verg. ; Olympus, Ov. ■■ 

Clivus -i, m. (from root CLI, whence' ac- 
clivis and declivis, and clino in acclino, etc.), a 
gentle ascent or elevation, a hill; lenis ab tergo 
clivus erat, Liv. ; clivum mollire, Caes. ; clivus 
Capitolinus, the ascent from tlie forum, to the 
Capitolinc hill, and the Capitoline hill itself, Liv.; 
so clivus sacer, Hor.; pro v. for an obstacle which 
is to be surmounted ; clivo sudamus in imo, Ov. 

Cloaca -ae, f. (from cluo =: I cleanse), a, a 
sewer or drain; fossas cloacasque exhaurire, 
Liv.; b, cloaca maxima, tlie sewer constructed by 
Tarquinius Prisons, through, which the filth of 
Home was discharged into the Tiber, Liv. 

Cloacina -ae, f. (from cluo, I cleanse}, the 
cleanser, surname of Venus whose image stood at 
the place where the Romans and Sabines were 
■reconciled after the rape of the Sabine women, and 
where they purified themselves with myrtle boughs. 

C16dlUS= Claudius (q.V.). 

Cloclius (Cluilius) -a -um, name of an 
Alban and afterwards of a Roman gens, the most 
celebrated of the name being : 1, Cluilius or 
Cloelius, the lust king of Alba, who invaded the 
Roman territory awl niade tlie Cluilia fossa or 



fossae Clocliac, Liv. ; 2, Cloclia -ac, f. a Roman 
maiden, hostage to l'orseiui, who swam back across 
the Tiber to Rome. 

Clotho -iis, f. (KAu)0uj), the spinner, one of the 
Pa rear. 

clueo, 2. (kAu'u>), I hear myself called, I am ' 
called, am named; quaccunque cluent, whatever 
has a name, Lucr. 

clunis -is, mi and f. the buttocks, hinder parts, 
Hor., Liv. 

Clupca (Clypea) -ae, f. and plur. Clupeae 
-arum, f. (translation of Gr. 'Acttti's), a promontory 
and town in Byzacium in Africa. 

Cluslum -li, n. a town of Etruria. Adj., 
Clusinus -a -um, of Clusium. 

Clusius -li, m. (cludo), the shutter, epithet of 
Janus. 

Clymene -es, f. (l£Ai//ie'n)), tlie wife of the 
Aethiopian king Merops, and mother of Phaethon ; 
hence adj., Clymeneius -a -um; proles, Phae- ' 
than, Ov. 

clyster -eris, m. (kAvo-tjjp), 1, a clyster, 
Suet. ; 2, syringe, Suet. 

Clytaemnestra -ae, f. (KAuroi/aLnjo-Tpa), 
daughter of Leda, sister of Helen, Castor, and Pol- 
lux, wife of Agamemnon and mother of Orestes, 
Electro, and Iphigenia, slew her husband with tlie 
help of Aegisthus. 

Clytie -es, f. (KAvtoj), daughter of Oceanus, 
beloved by Apollo, changed into the flower lielio- 
tropium. ",' 

Cnidus (-5s), orGnidus(-os), -i, f. (Kvtios), 
a town in Carta, famed for tlie worship of Venus. 
Adj., Cnidius -a -um, Cnidian. 

coacervatio -onis, f. (coacervo), a heaping 
vp (of proofs), Cic. 

coacervo, 1. to heap up, accumulate ; pecu- 
niae coacervantur, Cic, ; trausf., arguuienta, 
Cic.^ 

coacesco -aciii, 3. to become tlioroughly sour; 
ut enini non omno vinuni, sic non omnia natura 
vetustate coaccscit, Cic; fig., quam valdo earn 
(gentem Sardorum) putamus tot transfusionibus 
coacuisse, Cic. 

CoactlO -onis, f. (cogo), a collecting; co- 
actioncs argentarias factitavit, Suet. 

coacto, 1. (intens. of cogo), to compel, Lucr. 

co actor -oris, m. (cogo). '_ I. Lit, a, a 
collector of rents, money at auctions, etc., Hor.; 
b, coactores agniinis, the rear-giMrd, Tac. II. 
Transf., one who compete,. Sen. ■- -" 

coactum -i, ' n. (cogo), a coverlet of thick 
cloth, Caes. 

coactus -tis, m. (cogo), a compulsion, com- 
pelling ; coactu atque efllagitatu meo, Cic. 

coaddo, 3. to add in with, Piaut. 

coaedifico, 1. to build on; campuui Mar- 
tiuni, Cic. 

coacquo, 1. to level, make plain, even. A. 
liiontes, Sail. B. Transf., omnia ad libidiues 
suas, placed on tlie same footing, Cic. 

coagmcntatio -onis (coagmento), a con- 
nection, binding together ; corporis, Cic. 

coagmento, 1. (coagmentum), to fix together, 
stick together, join together. I. Lit., opus ipsa 
suumeadem, quae coagmeiitavit, natuia dissolvit, 
Cic. II. Transf., verba coiiiponc et quasi coag- 
mento, Cic. ; paceni, to conclude, Cic. 

coagmentum -i, n. (cogo), a joining to- 
gether, a joint ; lapidum, Caes. 

coagulum -i, n. (cogo), 1, that which c uses 
to curdle, rennet, Plin. ; 2, meton., curds, Plin. 

coftlesco -aliii, -iWtum, 3. (com and alesco), 



coa 



104 



coe 



1, In grow together, to become one in growth, to I 
coalesce, unite; saxa rides sola coalesccre calce, 
Liicr. ; tig., sic brevi spatio novi veteresuue 
(mililes) coaluere, Sail. ; ut cum Patribus coales- 
caut aniiui p'.ebis, Liv. ; followed by in, in limic 
consensmn, Tac. ; 2, of plants, to grow ; dum 
novus in viridi coalescit cortice ramus, Ov. ; to 
take root; grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa, Sail. ; 
3, of wounds, to close, be heided, grow together ; 
fig., vixdum coalesccns foventis rcgnum, Liv. 

coangusto, 1. to narrow, limit, confine; 
hacc lex coangustari potest, Cic. 
coarcto, etc. = coarto, etc. (q.v.). 

coarguo -gfii -gutum, but -gftiturus, 3. (com 
and arguo), to sh-nu in a clear light. I. Gen., to 
demonstrate fully, to proi'e by evidence; certum 
crimen multis suspicionibus, Cic. ; pcrfldiam ali- 
cuius, Cic. ; sin autem fuga laboris desidiam, re- 
pudiate supplicum superbiani coarguit, Cic. 
II. A. to prove to be false; 1, of things, id 
quidem coarguere nihil attiuere ratus, Liv. ; 2, 
to prove a person to be wrong, to convict a per- 
son of an error, to confute ; quo (decreto) maxi- 
mc et refelli et coargui potest, Cic. B. to 
prove a person to be guilty, to convict of a crime ; 
aliquem, Cic. ; with abl. of means, criminibus 
coargultur, Cic. ; with genit., of crime, aliquem 
avaritiae, Cic. 

coartatlo -onis, f. (coarto), ri drawing to- 
gether, a confining or straightening in a small 
tpttce, Liv. 

coarto, 1. to confine, draw together (opp. 
laxare, dilatare). A. Lit., Thermopylarum sal- 
tliin, ubi angustac fauces coartant iter, Liv. B. 
Transf., 1, of discourse, to compress, abbreviate; 
Ut quae coartavit, dilatet nobis, Cic. ; 2, of 
time, to shorten; consulatum alionun, Tac. 

coaxo, 1. (onomatop.), to croak (of a frog), 
Suet. 

cocclnatus -a -um (coccinus), clad in scar- 
let, Suet. 

COCOlDCUS -a -urn (coccum), scarlet coloured, 
Pctr. 

coccinus -a -um (coccum), scarlet coloured, 
Juv. Subst., coccina -orum, n. scarlet clothes, 
Mart. 

COCCUm -i, n. (kokkos). A. the berry of the 
scarlet oak (quercus coccifera, Linn.), used as a 
scarlet dye by the ancients (the real source of 
the dye has since been discovered to be an in- 
sect), Plin. B. Metnn., 1 scarlet hue, Hot. ; 

2, scarlet cloth or garments, Suet. 

cochlea -ae, f. (icoxAiat). A. a snail, Cic. 
B. Meton. the snail shell, Mart. 

cochlear -aris, n. and cochlearium -li, n. 
Plin., and cochleare -is, n. Mart. (cochlea\ a 
sj'oon, Mart. 

Codes -Itis, in. the one-eyed van, Plaut.; 
esp. Horatius Codes, the ltoman who defended 
the bridge over the Tiber against the army of Por- 
sena. 

coctana = eottana (q.v.). 

ccctilis -c (coquo), baked; latcres, Varr. ; 
muri Babylonis, made of burnt brick, Ov. 

Cocytos and us, -i, m. (KwkvtiJs, the stream 
of uniting), a river of the Loiver World. Adj., 
CocytUS and CdoytlUS -a -um, Cocylian; 
virgo, Alecto, Verg. 

coda - canda, (q.v.) 

codex -dlcis. in. ■=■ eandex. I. th» trunk of 
a tree, Ov. IL Meton., a book, composed </ 
wonlen tablets, covered with wax. A. Gen., a 
book, writing, document, c. falsns, Cic. B. 
Esp., codex accept! et expensi, an arconnt-book, 
a ledger (adversaria, a day-book, the accounts 



from which were entered into the codej every 
uioutli), iii codieem referre, Cic. 

codicarlus (caudle arms) -a -um (co- 
dex), made, of wooden blocks, naves, Sail. 
codlcilli -orum, m. (dim. of codex), 1, small 

tablets upon which'to make memoranda ; in codi- 
cillis exarare, Cic. ; 2, something written on 
tablets; a, a letter, Cic; b, a petition, Tac; 
C, a codicil, Tac; d, an imperial rescript or 
order, Tic. 

Codrus -i, m. (KoSpos), tlie last king of 
Athens, who was said to Imve voluntarily sought 
death in order to obtain victory for the Athenians 
over the Spartans. 

Coele Syria -ae, f. (Koi'At) Ivpia, hollow 
Syria), the district between Libanus and Antili- 
banus. 

coelebs = caelebs. 

coeles -Itis, v. caeles. 

coelestis -e, v. caelestis. 

coelicola -ae, v. caelicola. 

coelifer, v. caelifer. 

Coelius, v. Caelius. 

coelo — caelo, q.v. 

coelum -i, v. caelum. 

coemo -end -emptum, 3. to buy in large quan- 
tities, buyup;ta quaetedelectarintcoemisse, Cic. 

cdemptio -onis, f. (coemo), 1, a form of 
marriage which consisted in a reciprocal sale of 
the parties to one another, Cic. ; 2, a fictitious 
marriage to enable a woman to acquire certain 
rights, Cic. 

coemptionalis -e (coemption relating to 
acoemptio; senex, an old man used for a ficti- 
tious marriage, Cic. 

coena, &c, v. cena. 

coenosus -a -um, v. caenosus. 

coenula -ae, f., v. ccnula. 

cocnum, v. cacnum. 

coco -ii (rarely -ivi) -itum, 4. (com and co), lo 
go together, come together, assemble. I. Gen., A. Of 
persons, 1, as friends, Capuae, Liv. ; 2, as ene- 
mies, to engage ; inter se coiisse viros et cernerc 
fcrro, Verg. B. Of things, vix memini nobis 
verba coisse decern, that ten words hare been ex- 
changed between us, Prop. II. lo unite so as to 
form a whole, to combine. A. Of persons, 1, 
milit. t. t., coire inter se, Caes. ; in tinuiii, Liv. ; 
in orbem, Liv. ; 2, lo unite in some relation ; 
a, politically, cum hoc tu coiie ausus es, ut, 
etc, Cic. ; adversus rempublicam, Liv. ; with 
ace, societatem vel periculi vel laboris, Cic. ; 
in pass., societas coitur, Cic. ; b, to unite in, 
marriage; liac gener atque socer coeant mer- 
cede Buorum, Verg. B. Of things, to unite 
together; 1, ut placidis coeant immitia, Hor. ; 
2, of wounds, neve retractando nouduui coeun- 
tia runipam vulncra, Ov. ; 3, to curdle; coifc 
fonnidine sanguis, Verg. ; 4, to be, frozen • men- 
tiar, an cocat duratus frigore pontus, Ov. 

coepio, coepi, coeptum, 3. (the present 
tenses very rare and only A. Aug. ; the perfect 
tenses more commonly used), v. transit, and 
intraneit. (com and apio = apo) to begin, com- 
mence. I. Transit., A. Act., coepit quiim (Alia 
vates, Verg. ; dicere coepi, Cic. ; si quae rapinae 
fieri coeperunt, Cic; fut. partic, roeptnrns, 
with ace, Homanos omnibus instruction's rebus 
coepturos belhun, Liv. B. Pass., only in perf., 
lapides jaci coepti sunt, Caps. ; postquam arm is 
disceptari coeptum sit, Cic; partic, cooptum 
belhun, Sail. ; nocte coepta, Tac. II. Intransir., 
to begin, arise; quoniam coepit Graecorun) int-p- 
tio, Juv. ; ubi dies coepit, Ball, 



COG 



105 



Gog 



06ei>t6, 1. (intens. of coepi). A. Transit. 
to begin or undertake eagerly ; with infill., coerc- 
ere seclitionem, Tac. ; appetere ea, Cic. B. In- 
transit., coeptautemconjurationenidisjecit,Tac. 

Ooeptum -i, n. (coepi), o beginning, under- 
taking, Liv. 

COeptUS -us, m. (coepi), o beginning, under- 
taking, Cic. 

coopulonus -i, m. a fellow -reveller, Plaut. 

coerceo -cui -cltum, 2. (com and arceo). 
1. Gen., to enclose on all sides and hold fast, to 
encompass, enclose ; mundus omnia complexu 
suo coercet etcontinet, Cic. II. Esp., \ f to con- 
fine, restrain ; (aqua) jubetur coercerl, Cic. ; qui- 
bus (operibus) intra rnuros coercetur hostis, 
Liv.; 2, to keep in order; virga levem aurea 
turbain, Hot.; 3, to prune; vitem ferro aniput- 
ans eoercet, Cic. ; 4, to clink, curb ; oupiditates, 
Cic; seditionem, Liv.; 5, to punish; magistra- 
tes noxiiim civem multa, vinculis verbcribnsque 
coerceto, Cic. 

coercitio -onis, f. (coerceo), 1, a confining, 
restraining; profusarum cupiditatum, Tac. ; 2, 
punishing ; magistratus, Liv. 

coeruleus = caernleus (q.v.). 

coetus -us, m. (for coitus, from coeo). I. a 
meeting together, Lucr. II. a meeting, assem- 
blage; in a bad sense, a seditious meeting ; coetus 
nocturni, Liv. ; coetum or coetus celebrare, to 
assemble in large numbers, Verg., Cic. poet. 

Coeus -i, m. (Kolos), a Titan, father of La- 
tona. 

cogitate, adv. (cogitatus, from cogito), care- 
fully, thoughtfully, with consideration; scribere, 
Cic._ 

cogitatio -onis, f. (cogito), thinking. I. 
Gen., A. Act., a, the act of thinking, cmicepiion; 
dicebas, speciera dei percipi cogitatione, non 
sensu, Cic. ; ea quae cogitatione depingimus, 
Cic. ; b, 'reflection, meditation, consideration, 
reasoning; ad banc causam non sine aliqua spe 
et cogitatione venerunt, Cic. ; ad reliquam cogi- 
tfttionem belli se recepit, Caes. B. Pass., a 
thought, idea; num ullam cogitationem liabuisso 
videantur ii, etc., Cic. ; esp. in plur., mandare 
litteris cogitationes suas, Cic. ; posteriores enim 
cogitationes sapientiores solent esse, Cic. II. 
Esp., 1, a thinking of, intention, design ; accnsa- 
tionis cogitatio, Cic. ; 2, pass., a thought, plan, 
purpose ; minor cogitatio intervenit niajori, Liv. ; 
magnae cogitationis manifestis, Tac. ; 3, the 
faculty of thought and reflection; homo solus 
particeps rationis et cogitationis, Cic. 

cogitatus -a -um (partic. of cogito). Subst., 
COgitata -orum, n. thoughts, reflections, ideas, 
Cic. 

cogito, 1. (co-igito, for com and agito), to 
put together in the mind, to think, reflect, consider. 
A. Gen., cui vivere est cogitare, Cic; with ace, 
beneiicia alicuius, Cic. ; Scipionem, Cic. ; with 
ace. and infin., homines ea si bis aocidere posse 
non cogitant, Cic. ; with de and the. abl., de deo, 
Cic. ; with relative sentence, cogita qui sis, Cic. ; 
with ad and the ace, ad haec igitur cogita, Cic. ; 
with nt or ne and the subj., Caes. B. a, to think 
of, intend, plan; nihil cogitant nisi caedes, nisi 
incendia, Caes.; qui noceri alteri cogitat, Cic; 
de parricidio, Cic. ; ellipt. (in letters), inde ad 
Tauriim cogitabam, / intended to go, Cic ; b, 
to be disposed to ; si humaniter et sapienter et 
amabiliter in me cogitare vis, Cic. 

cognatio -onis, f. (com and gnascor = nas- 
cor). I. Lit., relationship, connexion by blood. 
A. Lit., cognatio quae mihi tecum est, Cic ; 
cognatione cum aliquo conjunctum esse, Cic. ; 
aliquem cognatione attingere, Cic. B. Meton., 
persons related, kindred, family ; cognationis 



magnae homo, with a large connexion, Caes. 
II. Transf., connexion, agreement, resemblance; 
studiorum et artium, Cic 

cognatus -a -um (gnatus = natus, from 
nascor). A. related, connected by blood, Cic. 
Subst., cognatus -I, m., cognita -ne, f. a 
relation either on the father or mother's side, 
Cic. B. Transf., related, similar, cognate; nihil 
est tarn cognatum mentibus nostris quam nu- 
meri, Cic. 

cognitio -onis, f. (cognosce). I. knowledge, 
A. knowledge of or acquaintance with a thing or 
person ; aliquem cognitione atque hospitio dig- 
num habere, Cic. B. knowledge of, study of; 1, 
gen., cognitio conteraplatioque naturae, Cic. ; 
plur., meton., an idea, a conceptidn ; insitns de- 
orum vel potius innatas cognitiones habeinus, 
Cic ; 2, legal 1. 1., a legal investigation ; consul- 
ibus cognitionem dare, Cic. ; cognitionein de 
existimatione alicuius constituere, Cic. II. = 
agnitio, recognition, Ter. 

cognitor -oris, ni. (cognosco). I. Legal 1. 1., 

1, o witness to (he identity of a lloman citizen in 
a foreign country, Cic. IL 1, the procurator or 
attorney who took charge of an action at law, 
Cic. ; transf., huius sententiae, vouclier for, Cic; 

2, a kind of public prosecutor in fiscal matters, 
Ov. 

cognitus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
supeiT. (from cognosco), known, tried, proved; 
homo virtute cognita, Cic 

cognomen -inis, n. (com and gnomen = 
nomen). A. a surname, family name, the name 
following the name of the gens (e.g., Cicero); 
alicui cognomen Coriolano or Capitoni est, 
Cic, Liv.; cognomen habere sapient is, Cic; 
cognomen sumere or trahere or sibi arripere ex 
aliqua re, Cic. B. name of a place ; Hesperiam 
Graji cognomine dicunt, Verg. , 

cognomentum -i, n. 1, a surname, Plaut. ; 
2, a name, Tac 

cognominatus -a -um (com and nominatus) 
= <rvvu>wnos, of the same meaning ; verba, synon- 
yms. 

oognominis -e (cognomen), having the same 
name ; gaudet cognomine terra, Verg. ; with 
dat., cognomine Insubribus pago, Liv. 

oognomino, 1. (cognomen), to give a sur- 
name to, call by a surname, Varr. 

cognosco -gnovi -gnitum (com and gnosco 
= nosco), 8. to become acquainted with, remark, 
notice, perceive, see ; and in the perf. tenses, to 
know. I. Gen., with ace, cognoscere naturam 
rerum, Cic; aliquembenecognovis.se, Cic; with 
abl. of means, aliquid experiendo magis quam 
discendo, Cic. ; with per, homo per se cognitus, 
Cic. ; with ab or ex, aliquem ex litteris alicuius, 
Cic. ; with two accusatives, aliquem hominem 
pudentem et officiosum, Cic. ; with ace. and in- 
fin., Attici nostri te valde studiosum esse cog- 
novi, Cic; abl. absol., cognito, it being knou'ii, 
cognito vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. ; with relative 
sentence, cognoscite nunc, quae potestas decem- 
viris et quanta detur, Cic II. a. to recognise ; 
quum emn Syracusis ainplins centum cives Ro- 
mani cognoscerent, Cic; b, to study; Demog- 
thenem totum, Cic. ; c, of judges, tohear, decide; 
causa cognita, Cic. ; cognoscere de actis Caesaris, 
Cic 

cogo, cfiegi, c5actum, 8. (coigo for com and 
ago). I. to bring, drive, or drate to one point, to 
collect. A. Lit., a, pecudes stabulis, Verg. ; esp. 
as milit. t. t., exercitum magnasque copias, 
Caes. ; b, political t. t., to assemble a public 
body; senatum, Cic; judices, Cic; comitium, 
Caes. ; c, to bring together gifts or money ; pe- 
cuniam ex decumis, Cic; d, to unite, gather 
together; nubes imbres ventique coguntur, Cic ; 



coh 



10(3 



col 



of liquids, or of a thin material, to thicken; 
Jrigorc mella cogit hiems, Verg. ; lac coactum, 
curdled, Ov. ; subst., coacta -Cram. n. thick 
■woven cloth, felt f Caes. ; e, milit. t. t, agraca 
cogere, to' bring up Wie rear, Caes.;' fig., to be 
the. last ; ut nee duces simus nee agmen cog- 
auius, Cic. B. Transf., a, to unite, collect; jus 
civile in certa genera, Cic. ; b, to infer, conclude, 
prove; hoc cogere volebat falsas litteras esse, 
Cic. II. to drive, force into a narrow space. 

A. Lit., a, yi et .necessario sumus in portum 
coacti, Cic.; b, of liquids and places, to confine; 
in. artissimas -ripas Aous. cogituramnis, Liv. 

B. Transf., a, to force; Boios in jus judicium- 
que popiili- Romani, Liv. ; b, to compel to do 
something; aliquem ad militiam, • Sail,; with 
infill,, -xr emere ooegit, Cic.-; -with ut. and the 
siibj., cogere -incipit -eos-ut absenteni Heraclium 
condemnarent, Cic. ; -with aoc. of the thing one 
is' compelled to do, cogere cives id omnes, Cic. ; 
partic, coactus, constrained; invitus et coac- 
tus, Cic. 

cohaerentia -ae, f. (cohaereo), a coherence, 
connexion; mundi, Cic. 

cohaereo -haesi-haesum, 2. I. A. to adhere 
to, hangtogether, be closely connected with ; cohaer- 
ens cum corpore mem brum, Cic; nee equo mea 
membra cohaerent, Ov. B. Transf., haec ratio 
pecuniarum implicita est cum illis pecuniis 
Asiaticis et cohaeret, Cic. II. A. to have co- 
herence, subsist, hold together; muudus ita apte 
cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, Cic. 
B. Transf., vix diserti adolescentis cohaerebat 
oratio, Cic. 

cdhaeresco -haesi, 3. (inchoat. of cohaereo), 
to hang together, mutually adhere ; atomi inter se 
cohaerentes, Cic. 

coheres -edis, m. a coheir, Cic. 
' cohibeo -ui -Itnm, 2. (com .ind habco). I. to 
hold, contain, hold together; brachium toga, Cic. ; 
omnes naturas ipsa (natura) cohibet et continet, 
Cic. II. to confine, restrain. A. Lit., ventos 
carcere, Ov. ; crinem nodo, to tie, Hor. B. 
Transf., to hinder, hold back, control, repress; 
conatus alicuius, Cic. ; manum, oculos, animum 
ab auro gazaque regia, Cic. ; foil, by quominus 
and the subj., Tac. 

cohonesto, 1. (com and honeeto), to honour 
or reference; statuas, Cic. 

cohorresco -horriii, 3. (com and horresco), 
to shudder or shiver ; quo (sudore) quuin cohor- 
raisset, Cic. ; eBp., to shudder from fright, to be 
horrified at; quem ut agnovi,- equidem cohor- 
rui, Cic ..,...- 

cohors ( cors, chors) -tis, f. (connected with 
XopTos). I. an enclosure for cattle, Ov. II. 
Meton., A. a troop, throng; fratrum stipata, 
Verg. ; febrium, Hor. B. Esp. milit. t. t., 1, 
a cohort, a division of the Roman- army, being the 
tenth part of a legion, Caes. ; often = the auxili- 
ary forces of the allies, Sail. ; 2, praetoria cohors, 
a, a body-guard for the general, -Caes. ; b;' the 
retinue of the governor of a province, Cic. - ■ 
_ cohortatio -onis, f. (cohortor), an exhorta- 
(ion, encouragement ; cohortatio quaedam judic- 
uin ad honeste judicandum, Cic. * 

cohorticula -ae, f. (dim. of cohors), a 
little cohort, ap. Cic. 

cohortor, 1. dep. (com and hortor), to en- 
courage, incite, exhort ; used esp. of the general's 
speech to his soldiers before a battle, aliquemad 
virtutis studiutn, Cic. ; exercitum more militari 
ad pugnam, Caes. ; foil, by ut or ne with the 
subj., or by the subj. alone, Cic., Caes. ; with 
ad and the gerund, aliquem ad honorandum 
Berv. Snlpicium, Cic. 

, coinquino, 1. no perf., to pollute, defile. Col. 



cSitlo -onis, f. (coeo), 1, a coming together, 
meeting, Ter. ; 2, a faction, party, coalition, con- 
spiracy; suspicio coitionis, Cic. ; coitiones tri- 
bunorum adversus nobilium juventuteni ortae, 
Liv._ 

COltus -us, in. (coeo), a coming together, union, 
connexion, Ov. 

colaphus -i, m. («d\a<#>05), a box on the ear; 
colapho icere, or ferire aliquem, Plaut., Nep. 

Colchis -idis, f. (KoA.x l '?)> Colchis, a country 
on the eastern shore of the Black Sea,; heuce adj., 
Colchis -idisj-f. Cokhian, and used. subst.= 
Medea, Hor,; ColchllS -a.-um, -CokhioM f ve- 
nena (of Medea), Ov. Subst., Colchus -i, m. 
a. Colchian, and appell. — .« fca?ia;u«)i,-Hor. ' 
■ colens -Miiis,- p. adj. (colo), honouring, rever- 
ent ; qui sunt religionum cqlentes (rives), Cic. 

coleus -i, in. a testicle, Cic, 

coliphla (colyphla). -Crum, "n. a, kind of 
nourishing food used by wrestlers, Juv. 

colls = caulis (q.v.). 

collabasco, 3. (com and labasco), to begin to 
fall, to totter, Plant. 

collabefacto, 1. (com and labefacto), to 
cause, to totter, Ov. ; used also of the liquefaction 
of hard bodies, Lucr. 

COllabefio -factus -fieri (com and labefacio). 
A. Lit., to be made to totter or fall ; altera (navis), 
praefracto rostra tota collabelieret, was dashed 
to pieces; igni collabefacta, melted, Lucr. B. 
Transf, a Themistoclc collabefactus, overthrown, 
Nep. 

collabor -lapsus sum, -labi, dep. (com and 
labor), to fall down, sink down, collapse; a, of 
buildings, towns, etc., collapsa quaedam minis 
sunt, Liv. ; b, of persons, to fall down in a 
swoon or death ; cecidit collapsus in artus', Verg. 

collaceratus -a -urn (com and lacero), very 
much lacerated or torn; corpus, Tac. 

collacrimatio -onis, f. (collacrimo), a 
weeping, Cic. 

collacrimo, 1, (com and lacrimo), to break 
out into tears, Cic. ; with ace. to bemoan, weep 
for very much; histrio casum meum totiens col- 
lacrimavit, Cic. 

collacteus -i, m. -a -ae, f. a foster-brother, 
or sister, Juv. 

collare -is, n. (collum), an iron collar or 
chain for the neck, Plaut. 

Collatia -ae, f. town of the Sabines near Rome ; 
hence, Collatinus -a -urn, belonging to Col- 
latia; surname of L. Tarquinius, the husband of 
Lucretia, native ofColhtia. 

collatio -onis, f. (confero). A. Lit. abring- 
ing together; a, signorum, a hostile collision in 
the field, Cic. ; b, « contribution, collection; stipis 
ant decimae, Liv. ; a present for the emperor, Tac. 
B. Transf. comparison, simile; collatio est ora- 
tio rein cum re ex shnilitudiiie conferens, Cic. 

COllatlVUS -a -um (collatus), brought together, 
united; venter, swollen, Plaut. 

collator -oris, m. (confero), a contributor, 
Plant. 

collatus -a -urn, partic. of confero.. 

collaudatio -unis, f. (collaudo), strong,, or 
hearty praise, Cic. 

collaudo, 1. (com and laudo), to praise very 
much ; orationem satis multis verbis, Cic. 

collaxo, 1. (com and laxo), to widen, extend, 
Lucr. 

collecta -ae, f. (collectus, from 1. colligo), a 
contribution in money; collectam a conviva 
cxigere, Cic. 

collecticius (oollectitlus) -a -um (1. eo?- . 



col 



107 



col 



ligo), [lathered together; cxemtus, quickly levied, 
Cic. 

collectio -Onis, f. (1. colligo). I. a collecting, 
gathering together, collection; meinbrorum, Cic. 
II. Transf., 1, »i rhetoric, a brief recapitulation, 
Cic/; 2, in logic, a conclusion, inference, Sen. 

colleotus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and 

Blipei'l. (1. colligo), contracted, concise, concen- 
trated; dicendi genus, Tac • 

collega -ae, m. (com and lego), 1, one who is 
deputed with another, a colleague, partner in office ; 
alicuius collegam in questura fnisse, Cic. ; 2, 
a-commde, Juv, _' _ 

collegium -ii, n. (collega). I. Abstract, 

rnllragiieship,, the. connexion between colleagues, 
hetirecn those who' jointly fill, the same, office; P. 
Decius per tot collegia expertus, Liy. II. Con- 
crete, persons united in colleagueship, a. body, 
guild, corporation, college; a, of magistrates, 
praetorum, tribunorum, Cic. ; b, of priests, 
pontificum, angurum, Cic; c, a political club; 
innumerabilia qnaedam collegia ex omni faece 
urliis ac servitio constituta, Cic. ; d, a trade 
guild; mercatorum, Liv. ; e, a band, body; am- 
bubajarum, Hor. 

collibertus -i, ra. (com and Hbertus), a 
fellow freed/man, Cic. 

collibet, or collubet -bfiit or -bitum est, 2. 
(com and lubet or libet), impers. it pleases, is 
jgreeable; simul ac mihi collibitum sit de te 
cogitare, Cic. 

collide -Hsi -Hsum (com ami laedo), 3. to 
strike together, dash together; 1, humor ita mol- 
lis est, ut facile comprimi collidique possit, 
Cic. ; 2, pass, to come into hostile collision; Graecia 
barbaiiae lento collisa duello, Hor. 

colligatio -onis, f. (2. colligo), a binding 
together, connexion; causarum omnium, Cic. 

1. colligo -lcgi -lectum, 3. (coin and lego), 
to bring togetlier, collect. I. Lit., a, radices, 
Cic. ; vasa, to pack up, Liv. ; b, to bring together, 
assemble; ex agris ingentem nnmerum perditor- 
uni hominum, Cic; milites', Cic; c, to gather 
into a smaller space, contract; se colligere or 
colligi in arms, to cover oneself with a shield, 
Verg. II. Transf., a, to gather together; niulta 
in conventu vitia in aliquem, Cic; b, to gain, 
acquire; ex hoc labore magnam gratiam mag- 
namque dignitatem, Cic. ; c, colligere se, or 
animinn, or mentem, to compose oneself, gain 
courage; se ex timore, Caes. ; d, in speech, to 
bring together, tell of; omnia bella civilia, Cic. ; 
e, to think of; qiium maximarum civitatum 
voteres animo calamitates colligo, Cic; f, of 
numbers, to reckon; centum et viginti anni ab 
interitu Ciceronis in hunc diem colliguntnr, 
Tac. ; g, to infer, conclude; bene ctiam colligit 
liaec pueris et lnulierculis esse grata, Cic. ' 

2. colligo, 1. (com and ligo), to biiul, tie, 
fasten together. I. A. Lit., inanus, Cic. B. 
Transf., a, to connect; (mens) homines antea 
dissociates jucundissimo inter se sermonis vin- 
culo colligavit, Cic. ; gen. in pass., res oinncs 
inter se aptae colligataeque, Cic ; b, to join to- 
gether in writing ; ut verbis colligentiir senten- 
tiae, Cic. ; c, to join politically ; se cum multis, 
Cic; d, to detain; aliquem in Graecia, Cic. 
II. to bind together the parts of a thin" A. Lit., 
oiiine colligatum solvi potest, Cic. B. Transf, 
a, to join together in narration ; septingentoruth 
annoruni memoriam uno libro, Cic. ; b, to hinder, 
ttop; impetum furentis vitae suae periculo, Cic. 

colllnco, 1. (com and lineo), to direct in a 
straight line; hastam aut sagittam, Cic. ; absol., 
quis est enim qui totum diem jaculans non ali- 
quando collineet, hits the mark, Cic. 



collino -levi -Ilium, 3. (com and lino), to be- 
smear, daub; aliquid aliqua re, Hor. 

COllinus -a -um (collis). I. hilly, relating to 
a hilt, situate on a hill. II. Esp. Collmus, «t 
or on the Quirinal hill ; tribus, Cic. ; esp., porta 
Collina, a' gate of Home near the Quirinal Hill, 
Liv.; licrbac, !/)-i) »'i)(;/ near the Porta Collina, Prop; 

colliquefactus -a -um (com and.liquetio), 

liquefied, melted, Cic. 

collis -is, in. a hill, high ground, Cic. .; 

collocatio -onis, f. (cxdtoco). I. .Act., a 
placing, esp. a giving i)i mitrriage ; liliae, -Cic. 
II. Pass., a position; a, . .tsiderum, Cic.;. b, 
rhefc t. t.,~ position, arrangeinent, order; \ur- 
boruifi, Cic ; argnmentoruin, Cic ; bene struct^ 
am collocationem dissalvere, Cic. '"'• •- 

colloco (con-loco), 1. to place, lay, set. J, 
Gen. A. Lit, 1, tabulas bene pictas in bono 
lumine, Cic. ; simulacrum Victoriae ante ipsam 
Minervam, Caes. ; aliquem in enrrn, Cic. ; .-.2j 
milit. t.t., to station; duas legiones et omnia 
auxilia in suramo jugo, Caes. ; alicui insidias 
ante fiindum suinn, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to 
place, lay, put ; res eae, quae agentur aut dic- 
entur, suo loeo collocandae, Cic. ; 2, to place, 
cause to rest ; in aliquo magnam stiem dignitatis 
suae, to build hopes on, Cic ; 3, of time, to pass ; 
adolescentiam suam in amore atque voluptat- 
ibus, Cic. II, Esp. A. Lit., 1, to set up in a 
particular place,erect; sedes acdomicilium, Cic ; 
2, chlamydem, ut pendeat apte, to arrange, 
Ov. ; 3, of persons, to settle, station; in tins 
tetrarcliia unuin ex Graecis comitibus suis, Cic. ; 
colonias, Cic. ; milit. t.t. tobillet, auarter; exer- 
citum in Aulercis Lcxoviisque in hibernis, Caes. ; 
4, tosettle in possession nr property ; aliqileiii in 
patrimonio suo, Cic B. Transf., 1, 10 place; 
aliquem in amplissimo consilio et in altissiinu 
graun dignitatis, Cic; 2, of women, to settle in. 
■marriage; aliquam in niatrimoniuin, Cic; ali- 
cuius filio fdiain suam, Cic; 3, of money, to in* 
vest; pecuniam in praediis collocare, Cic. ; or to. 
employ, spend; patiimonium in reipublicae sa- 
lute, Cic ; 4, to arrange inproper order ; verba 
diligenter collocata, Cic ; 5, to direct, manage; 
rem militarem, Cic 

collocupleto, 1. (com and locupleto), to en- 
rich exceedingly, Ter. 

collocutio -5nis, f. (colloquor), conversa- 
tion; collocutiones familiarissimae cum aliquo, 
Cic 

colloquium -H, n. (colloquor), talk, conver- 
sation, colloquy, conference ; colloquia secreta 
serere cum aliquo, , Liv. ; clandestina colloqnia 
cum hostibus, Cic; colloquium expetere, Caes.; 
dare, Liv.; crebra colloquia. inter se habere, 
Caes.; per colloquia de paeeagere, Caes.; aliquem 
ad colloquium evocare,Cic ; ad colloquium con- 
gredi, Liv. ; dirimere, Caes. ; . interruinpere, 
Caes. ; in alicuius congressum colloquiumqiie. 
pervenire, Cic. 

colloquor -cutus or -quiitus sum, -loqui' 
(com and loquor), 3. dcp. to speak, talk, converse 
with any one, to treat or negotiate with; cum: 
aliquo, Cic. ; inter se, Cic; cum aliquo per lit- 
teras, Cic. 

colluceo, 2. (com and luceo), to shine on all' 
sides, to be completely illuminated. I. Lit., sol 
qui tain longc lateque colluceat, Cic ; collucent 
moenia flammis, Verg. II. Transf., vidi col- 

lucere omnia furtis tuis, Cic . ■,' 

_ . .■ 

colludo ,-lilsi -lusum. 3. (com and ludo). 
A. Lit. to play with; paribus, Hor. B. Transf. , 

to hare a secret understanding with another per- 
son, to act collusively, Cic. 

collum -i, n. (collus -i, m.), the neck; 1, of' 



eoi 



JlDH 



eol 



meu and animals, in collum invaait, fitt on his | 
tMcfc, Cic. ; collum torqucre, to drag be/ore a tri- 
bunal, or to prison, Liv. ; posuit collum in pul- 
vere, Hor. ; 2, the neck of a bottle, Pliaedr. ; of a 
poppy, Verg. 

colluo -liii -latum, 3. (com and lno), to wash 
thorouahln, rinse; os, Pliu. ; nra, to quench the 

thiTSt,'0\. 

collua -i, m. ss collum (q.v.). 
colluslo -onis, f. (colludo), collusion, a secret 
understanding; cum allquo, Cic. 

COllUSor -oris, m. (colludo), a, a play-fellow, 
Juv. ; b, a fellow-gambler, Cic. 

collustro, 1. (com and lustro). A. to illum- 
inate on all sides; sol omnia clarissiina luce 
eollustrans, Oic. ; in pictnrii alios opaca, alios 
collustrata delect ant, brilliant colouring, Cic. 
B. Transf., to survey, lool: at OH nil sides; omnia 
oeulis, Cic. 

collutulento, 1, to dirty or defile all over, 
Plaut. 
coliuvlo -onis, and collu vies -ei, f. (colluo). 

A. a flowing together, or collection of impurities, 
filth, Plin. B. Transf., rabble, medley, offscour- 
ings; omnium scelerum,Cic. ; quum ex bac turba 
et colluvione discedam, Cic. 

COllybUS -i, m. (<edAAu/3o?). A. the agio or 
percentage charged in money-changing, Cic. B. 
Transf., the money-changer's occupation, Cic. 

collyra -ae, f. (icoAAvpa), a kind of cake or 
lun which was broken into broth. Plant. 

collyrlcus -a -um, jus, the broth with which 
the collyra was eat*n, Plant. 

collyrium -ii, n. (xoMvpwv), eye-salve, Hor. 

cdlo, codui, cultum, 3. I. 1, to cultivate, till 
the ground, farm; agruin, Cic. ; praedia studiose, 
Cic. ; vitem, Cic; 2 f to dweii in a place, in- 
habit; urbem, Cic; msulas, Liv.; absol., circa 
utramqne ripam Rliodani, Liv. II. 1, to take 
care of, attend to; formam augere colendo, Ov. ; 
2. to cultivate, practise, study ; studium philoso- 
pliiae a prima adoleseentia, Civ. ; (Idem, virtnt- 
em, sapientiam, Cic; 3, to pay ie*i>ett to; a, of 
deities, to worship; dens, Cic; Musarum dc- 
lubra, Cic ; templum miro lionore, Verg ; b, of 
men, to honour, reverence, court ; aliquem sum ma 
observantia, Cic. 

colScasIa -ae, f. and colocasium -ii, n. 
(«oAo*oo'io). the Egyptian bean, Verg. 

colona -ae, f. (colonu.s), a country woman, Ov. 

Colonae arum, f. (KoAwyai), a town -ire 7 

Coloneus -a-um, belonging to the Attic deme 
Colonos ; Oedipus Coloneus, a tragedy of So- 
phocles. 

cdlonia -ae, f. (colonus). I. a farm, estate, 
Col. IT. a colony. A. Lit., constituere colon- 
iam, Cic. ; colonos doduccre in colonias, Cic. 

B. Meton., the colonists ; deducere, Cic; mittere 
in locum, Cic. 

colonicus -a -um (colonus), 1, relating or 
belonging to agriculture or a farm; leges, Varr. ; 
2, relating or belonging to a colony, colonial; 
coliortes, levied in Roman colonies, Caes. 

colonus -i, m. (colo), 1, a farmer, agriad- 
turist, Cic. ; 2, o; colonist, inhabitant of a colony, 
Cic; poet, transf. = inhabitant, Verg. 

Colophon -nnis, f. (KoAo^tii), one of the 
twelve Ionian towns on the coast of Lydia, famed 
for its cavalry. Adj., Colophoniacus -a -um, 
Colophonlus -a -um, Colophonian. 

color (colos) -oris, m. (colo). I. Lit., A, Gen. 
colour, tint, hue, Cic. ; colorem ducere, of tlie 
grape, to become coloured, Verg. B. Ksp. 1, 
complexion ; verus, real, Ter.; fucatus, artificial, 



Hor. ; mutare, to change colour, Hor., Ov. ; 
2, beautiful complexion, beauty; nimium ne 
crede colori, Verg. IL Transf., 1, outward show, 
external appearance; civitalis, Cic; 2, W»p. "f 
oratory or speech, cast, character, tone; color 
urhanitalis, Ci'- ; 3, ornament, embellishment; 
ilos et color plginentoruin, Cic; 4, an artfir 
excuse, or colouring of a questionable action, Juv. 

coloratus -a -um (partic of coloro), 1, 
coloured; arcus, Cic ; 2, red, embrowned, Tac. 

coloro, 1. (color). A, Lit., to colour; a, 
corpora. Cic; b, to tan (of the sun); quum in 
sole ambulem natura tit ut colorer, Cic B. 
Transf., to give tone or colour to style ; urbanitatc 
quadam quasi colorata oratlo, Cic 

edlosseus -a -mn (n-oAoacraro?), colossal, 
gigantic, Plin. 

colossious -a -um (koAoo-ctiko?), colossal, 
gigantic, Plin. 

colossus -i. m. (jcoAo<r<rris), a colossus, a 
statue larger than, life; csp. applied to tlie 
gigantic statue of Apollo at the entrance of the 
harbour of Rhodes, Plin. 

colostra -ae, f. (colostra -drum, n.), the 

first milk after calving, hiestings, Mart.; used a's 

a term of endearment, Plant. 
coluber -bri, in. a serpent, snake, Verg., Ov 
colubra -ae, f. a female serpent, a snake, Hor. 

colubrifer -fere -fernni (coluber and fero), 
snake-bearing, snaky-haired, epithet of Medusa, 
Ov.^ w 

colllbrmus -a -um (coluber), snake-like; 
transf., cunning, wily, Plant. 

Colum -i, n. a colander, sieve, strainer, Verg. 

COlumba -ae, f. (columlms), a pigeon, dove, 
Cic. ; Cytliereiadea (as sacred to Venus), Ov. 

columbar -iiris, n. (columba), a kind oj 
collar for slaves like a pigeon-hole, Plants 

columblnus -a -um (columba), relating or 
belonging to a pigeon ; pnlli, Cic, 

ColumbulUS -i, m. (dim. of columlms), a 
little pigeon, Plin. 

cdTumbus i, m. a male dove or pigeon, Hor 

1. columella -ae, f. (dim. of columna), a 
little column, Cic. 

2. Columella -ae, m. L. Junius Hoderatus, 

a Roman writer upon agriculture, native of Cadi;, 
contemporary of Seneca and Celsus. 

eolumen -inis, n. ("cello, that which is 
raised on high). I. a height. A. Lit., sub altis 
Phrygiae eoluiniiiibus, mountains, Cat. B. 
Transf., of persons, the chief, most distinguished; 
eolumen amicoruin Antonii t'otyla Varius, Cic. 
II, a pillar. A. Lit., Cic. poet. B. Transf., 
eolumen reipublicae, support, Cic. 

columna -ae, f. (connected with eolumen), 
". pillar, column. A. Lit., marmorea, Cic; pro v., 
incurrerc amentem in columnas, to run one's 
head against a stone wall, Cic ; columna rust rata, 
a column adorned with beaks of ships erected in 
honour of the victory of Duilius over the Car- 
thaginians, Quint.; columna Maenia, " pillar in 
the Roman forum to which thieves and slaves were 
tied to receive punishment, Cic; hence, adhaercsc- 
ere ad columnam, Cic. ; ad columnam per venire, 
Cic; columnae, the pillars in Rome rovnil which 
books were exposed for sale, Hor. ; columnae Pro- 
tei, the. boundai-ies of Egypt (columns being used 
to mark boundaries), Verg.; columnae Herculis, 
the mountains of Calpe and Abyla at the straits of 
Gibraltar, Plin. B. Transf., a, re support, pillar of 
the state ; injurioso ne pede proruas stantem col- 
umnam, Hor. ; b, a waterspout, Lucr. 

columnarius -a -wo (columna), belonging 



col 



109 



com 



to a pillar. Subst., 1, columnar ii -Grum, 
m. those who have been punished at tlw columna 
Maenia (v. columna), rascals, thieves, ap. Cic. ; 
2, columnarium -Ii, n. a tax on pillars, Cic. 

columnatus -a -um (columna), supported 
on columns, Varr. ; os, resting on the hand, Plaut. 

colurnus -a -um (for corulnus, from eorulus), 
made of hazel wood ; hastilia, Verg. 

coius -i and -us, abl. colo, f. (m. Cat., Ov.), 
a distaff, Cic. 

com, old Latin — cum, in classical Latin ; 
only found in composition. 

coma -ae, f. (tow). A. Lit., the hair of the 
head, Cic. B. Transf., 1, the leaves of trees, Hor.; 
2, the wool of sheep, ap. Cic. 

comans -antis (coma), hairy ; colla equoruni, 
Verg. ; galea, crested, Verg. ; stella, a comet, Ov. ; 
narcissus sera comans, covered with leaves, Verg. 

comarchus -i, ni. (xui^apxos), the mayor or 
chief officer of a village, Plaut. 

comatus -a -um (coma), 1, hairy, Mart. ; 
comata Gallia = Transalpina, Plin. ; 2, silva, 
in full leaf, Cat. 

1. combibo -bibi, 3. to drink in, suck up, 
imbibe. A. Lit., venenum corpore, Hor. B. 
Fig., quas (artes) si dum est tener combiberit, 
Cic. 

2. combibo -onis, in. a boon companion, com- 
rade in drinking, Cic. 

Combulteria -ae, f. town of tlie Samnitcs on 
the soidh-west borders of Campania. 

comburo -bussi -bustum, 3. (com and uro). 
A. Lit., to burn up, consume entirely; libros, 
Caes. ; aliquem vivum, Cic. ; of the. burning of 
the dead, aliquem in foro, Cic. B. Trausf., ali- 
quem judicio, to ruin, Cic. ; diem, to co)isume in 
revelling, Plaut. 

combustum -i, u. a bum or scald, Plin. 

Come -es, f. (K<i>p.rj, village). I. Hiera Come, 
o place in Caria. II. Xyline Conic, a place in 
Pisidia. III. Antoridos Come, a place in 
1'hrygia. 

comedo -edi -esum (-essum) or -estum, 3. to 
eat lip, consume entirely. A. Lit., ex se natos 
(of Saturn), Cic. B. Transf., aliquem oculis, to 
devour with one's eyes, Mart. ; se, to consume one- 
self in grief, Cic. C. to consume, waste, squander; 
patrimonium, Cic. 

comes -itis, c. (com and eo or meo), 1, o 
companion, comrade, associate; seditionum, 
Tac. ; fugae, Cic. ; victoriae, Caes. ; esse comit- 
cui alicuius, Cic. ; aliquem comitem habere, 
Cic. ; non praebere se comitem illius furoris sed 
ducein, Cic. ; used of things and abstractions, 
mortis conies gloria, Cic. ; 2, esp. an attendant; 
a, the attendant or tutor of aboy, Verg. ; b, plur., 
comites, the retinue which accompanied a Roman 
magistrate into his province, and generally, any 
Imdy nf attendants ; comites omnes magistratuum, 
Cic. ; in later times, tlie body of courtiers, (lie tin- 
perial court, Suet. 

cometes -ac, in. (ko;i>jtiis), a comet, Cic. 

cornice, adv. (comicus), in the manner of 
comedy; cornice res tragicas tractarc, Cic. 

comicus -a -um (kw/xikos). A. Adj., a, relat- 
ing to comedy, comic ; poeta, Cic. ; b, represented 
in comedy; senes, Cic; adolescens, Cic. B. 
Subst., a, anaclor in comedy, Plaut. ; b, atomic 
poet, Cic. 

cominus = comminus (q.v.). 

oomis -e (conio), courteous, kind, friendly, 
obliging, amiable; a, of persons, dominus, Cic. ; 
in amicis tuendis, Cic. ; erga aliquem, Cic. ; b, 
of things, comi hospitio accipj, Liv. ; serino, Tac. 



comissabundus -a -um (comissor), rtveU 
ling, rioting ; teuiulcnto agmine j>er Indiam 
comissabundus inccssit, Liv. 

commissatio -onis, f. (comissor), a revel, 
riotous feastitig, Cic. 

comissator -oris, m. (comissor), a reveller, 
riotous feaster, Cic. ; transf., comissatores con- 
jurationis, accomplices, Cic. 

comissor («cw/ia£u>), 1, dep. to make a joyful 
procession with music and dancing, to revel, feast' 
riotously; comissatuni ire ad aliquem, Liv.; 
couiissari in domum Pauli, Hor. 

comitas -atis, f. (comis), courtesy, friend- 
liness, obligingness, civility (opp. gravitas, seve- 
ritas); comitas affabilitasque sermonis, Cic. 

comitatus -us, m. (comitor), 1, attendance, 
companionship; optimorum et clarissimorum 
civiuin, Cic. ; transf., tanto virtutum comitatu 
(opus est), Cic; 2, a train, retinue, following; 
praedonis improbissimi societas atque comi- 
tatus, Cic ; esp. a, in imperial times, the court, 
imperial suite, Tac; b, a caravan, convoy; 
inagnus, Caes. 

cdmiter, adv. (comis), courteously, civilly, 
kindly, affably, Cic. 

comitia, v. comitium. 

cdmitialis -e (comitia), relating to the comi- 
tia; dies, mensis, when the comitia were held, Cic; 
homines, men constantly in attendance on the comi- 
tia, and ready to sell their votes, Plaut. ; morbus, 
epilepsy, so called because its occurrence put a stop 
to the comitia, Cels. ; hence subst., cdmitialis 
-is, m. one afflicted with epilepsy, Plin. 

comitlatus -us, in. (comitia), the assembly of 
the people in the comitia, Cic. 

cSmitiuru -if, n. (comeo = coeo). I. Sing. 
an. enclosed place in or near the Roman forum, 
vthere the comitia were held. II. Plur. comitia 
-Srum, u. the assembly of the Roman people, under 
three distinct forms; centuriata, an assembly ac- 
cording to the centuries instituted by Servius Tul- 
lius; curiata, an assembly of the curies, in later 
times rarely held except formally; tributa, the 
assembly of the people in their tribes ; comitia 
habere, to hold an assembly of the people, Cic. ; 
consularia, assembly for the purpose of electing a 
consul, Liv.; tribuuicia quaestoria, Cic. ; comitia 
instituere, obire, dimittere, Cic 

comito. 1. = comitor, partic. comitatus, 
accoinjKiuied; with abl., alieuis viris, Cic. ; dolore, 
Ov. ; abs. bene comitare, Cic. 

comitor, 1. dep. (comes), 1, to join- as a 
companion or follower, to accompany, to follow; 
aliquem, Caes.; nautasfuga, Verg.; absol., magna 
comitante catevva, Verg.; withdat., tardis ment- 
ibus virtus non facile comitatur, Cic; 2, to 
follow to the grave ; aliquem, Nep., Verg. 

commaoulo, 1. to spot all over, pollute 
I. Lit., inanus sanguine, Verg. II. Transf., se 
isto intinito ambitu, Cic. 

Commagone -es, f. (Kon^ayriinj), a province 
of , Syria (capital Samosata), HOW Camash. Adj., 
Commagenus -a -um, Commagenian. 

commanipularis is, in. a soldier belonging 
to the same maniple or company, a comrade, Tac 

commeatus -us, m. (commco). I. free pas- 
sage, going and coming, Plaut. II. Meton., 1, 
liberty to go unhindered; milit. t. t., leave of 
absence, furlough; sumere, dare, Liv.; in com- 
nieatu esse, to be on furlough, Liv. ; cum com- 
meatu Syracusis remanere, Cic ; 2, that which is 
going or coming ; a, a company of merchants, cara- 
van; Londinium copifi. negotiatorum et comme- 
atuum niaxime celebre, Tac ; b, supply of pro- 
visions, food, forage; comraeatum or commeatus 



eom 



no 



com 



pararc, Liv., Sail.; ampere, arcessOre, conveh- 
cre, advehere, portarc, Liv. ; pelerc, Cacti. ; 
aliquem commeatu prohibere, Cai's. ; alinucni 
commeatu ct reliquis copiis intercludero, Cic. 

commeditor, 1, dep. to remind, call to re- 
membrance, Lucr. 

commemini -isse, to renumber fully; atrinn 
hoc tu pantiu coiniueininisti, an ego uon satis 
intellexi ? Cic , 

cominemorabilis -e (commemoro), worthy 
of remembrance, worthy of mention, memorable; 
pietas, Cic. 

. commemoratio -onis, f. (commemoro), re- 
membrance, mention, reminding; otliciorum, Cic. 

commemoro, 1. I. to call to mind, recollect; 
quid quoque diedixeriin, audiilim, eeerim, com- 
luemoro vesperi, Cic. II. a, to remind another 
person, of something, to bring to another person's re- 
viembmnce; gratiam, anricftiara cognationemque, 
Cic. ; b, to mention, relate, recount; humanam 
societatem, Cic; Critolaus iste, quern cum Dio- 
gene venisse conimenioras, Cic. ; de alicuius vir- 
tute, Cic. •' 

cornmendabilis -e (commendo), commend- 
able, praiseworthy ; nee ullo cornmendabilis mei- 
ito, Liv. 

commendatlcius -a -urn. (commendatus), 
relating to a recommendation; literacy a letter of 
introduction, Cic. 

commendatio -Ouis, f. (commendo), 1, 
recommendation, commendation; commendatio 
nostra cetercruinque amicorura, Cic. ; 2, that 
which recommends, excellence; ingenii, liberalit- 
atis, Cic. 

comraendatrix -icis, f. (commendo), that 
which commends; legem comriendatrice;u Vir- 
tuturn, Cic. 

commendatus -a .um, p. adj. (from com- 
mendo), 1, recommended, commended ; quae (res) 
conunendatiorerit memoriae hoininum? Cic; 2, 
esteemed,- priced, valued, Plin. 

commendo, 1. (com and mando), to commit 
to the care, keeping, or protection of any one. I. 
Lit., tibi eius omnia negotia, Cic. II, Transf., 
A. Gen., nomen Strom immortalitati, Cic; ali- 
quid Uteris, to commit to writing, ap. Cic. B. 
Esp. a, to recommend; aliquem alicui dili- 
genter, Cic; se Caesari, Caes. ; b, to set off, 
grace, render agreeable; nulla re una niagis orat- 
orcm commendari quam verborum splendore 
et copil, Cic. 

commensus, partic. of commetior. 

commentariolum -i, n. (dim. of uoin- 

mentarius), a short treatise, Cic 

commentarius-ii, m. and commentari- 
Um-ii, n. (commentns, from comminiscor) ; l,a 
m rnorandum, or note-book, a diary; in coiumen- 
tarium referrc, Cic ; commentarn belli Gallici, 
the notes of Caesar on the llallic war, Cic ; 2, 
legal t. t., a brief, Cic 

commentatio -onis, f. (comuientor), 1, deep 
refection, careful consideration, meditation ; tota 
pliilosophorum vita commentatio mortis est, 
Cic; 2, practice, study of an orator; couimen- 
tutionesquotidianae, Cic; 3, a, dissertation, Plin. 

commenticius -a -um (commentus, from 
comminiscor), invented, fictitious; nominibus 
novi^ et comiufinticii6 appellata, Cic; civitas 
Platouis, ideal, Civ. ; crimen, false, Cic, 

1. commentor, J. dep. (com and MEN, 
root of mens). ' A., to consider thoroughly, refect 
upon deeply; futures secum niiserias, Cic; de 
jwpuli Romani libertate, Cic. ; with rel. clanse, 
ut aite co^'.^esteiaur iuter 2cs qua ratioue 
«objs traducendmu sit hoc tempus, Cic B. 



Esp., to study, practise, prepare for ; comment- 
abar dcclamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum 
Q, Fompeio quotidic, Cic. ; with ace, comment- 
aiioratiouemin reum, Cic; partic pert i>assivc, 
commentata oratio, Cic. ; neut. plur. subst., .sua 
et commentata et Bcripta, Lie C. to sketch, 
compose, writedown; mimos, Cic. 

2. commentor -Oris, iu. (comminiscor), a 
discoverer, inventor; uvae, Bacchus, Ov. 

commentum -i, n. (commentus from com- 
miniscor), 1, o fiction, an invention, contriv- 
ance; opinionum commenta, fancies, Cic; 
miraculi, Liv.; 2, a lie, falsehood; millia ru- 
morum commenta, Ov. 

commeo, 1. to go up and down, come and go, 
visit frequently ; vulgatum ernt inter Vejos Rom- 
amque nuncios commeare, Liv.'; ut-tuto-ab 
repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli com- 
meare possent, Caes. ; Delos quo omnes imdiquc 
cum mercibusatque oueribus commeabant, Cic. ; 
of ships, navis, quae ad ea furta, quae reliquisses, 
commearet, Cic. ; of the heavenly bodies, sur- 
sum deorsum, ultro citro, Cic. ; of letters, crebro 
enim illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant, 
find their way to us, Cic. 

Commercium -li, n. (com and merx). I. 

A. trade, commerce; commercio -prohibere ali- 
quem, Sail. B. Meton., a, the right of trade ; 
commercium iu eo agro nemini est, Cic ; salis 
commercium dedit, Liv. ; b, an article of traffic, 
Plin. ; c, a place of trade, commercial depdt, Plin. 
II. intercourse, communication, correspondence ; 
commercium sennonum facere, Liv.; commerci- 
um belli, negotiations as to ransom of prisoners, 
truces, etc., Tac. ; habere commercium cum ali- 
quo, Cic 

commercor, 1. dep. to buy together, buy up; 
anna, tela alia, Sail. 

commereo -iii -itum, 2. (commereor, dep. 
Plaut), 1, to deserve fully ; aestiinationem (pneu- 
ae), Cic. ; 2, to commit a fault ; c ul pain, Plant. 

commetior -mensus, 4; 1, to measure ; sidcr- 
um ambitus, Cic; 2, to measure with anything, 
compare; negotium cum tempore, Cic 

commeto, 1. (intens. of commeo), to go fre- 
quently, Ter. 

commlgro, 1. to remove in a body, to migrate; 
in domum suain, Cic. 

commilltium -ii, n. (com and miles). A. 
a companionship in war or military service, Tac. 

B. Transf., companionship, fellowship, Ov. 

commilito -onis, in. (com and milito), a 
companion or comrade in war, Cic. 

comminatio -Onis, f. (comminor), u threat- 
ening, threat, Cic. 

commingo -minxi -minctum or -mictum, 3. 
to make water on, Hor. ; transf, to defile, Cat. 

comminiscor •meatus, 3. dep. to feign, in- 
vent; mouogiummos deos, Cic; mendacinm, 
Plant.; pert partic pass., feigned, invented; 
commenta fuuera, Ov. 

comminor, 1. dep. to threaten; comminati 
inter se, Liv. ; with ace, pugnam, obsidionem, 
oppugnationem, Liv. 

comminuo -ui -utum, 0. A. to make small, 

lessen, break into small pieces, crush to pieces ; 
statuam, auulum, Cic. B. Transf., to lessen, 
diminish, to weaken, deprive of strength; opes 
civitatis, Cic. ; vires ingenii, Ov. 

comminiis, adv. (con and manue). A. Lit., 
a, milit. t. t. (opp. eminus), hand to hand, in- 
close combat; nee eminus hastis aut communis 
gladiis uteretur, Cic. ; comminus acriter instare. 
Sail. ; luauum comminiis conserere, Liv. ; of 
limit inr, coir minus ire in apros, Ov. ; b.. gee- 



com 



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com 



dose at hand; comminus ad aliqueiu accedere, 
Cic B. Transf. , /ace to face; commiuus aspicere 
aliquem, Ov. 

commis, commi, cumniis = gumini (q.v.), 

commisceo -miscfti -mixtuiii, or -niistum, 
2. to mix together, to mix up. A. Lit, ignem 
Vestae cum connnuni urbis incendio, Cic. ; com- 
mixta frusta mero cruento, Verg. B. Transf., 
temeritatem cum sapientia, Cic. 

commiseratio -onis, f. (commiseror), in 
rhetoric, the part of an oration intended to ex- 
cite pity, Cic. ; absol., an affecting tone (of voice), 
Cic. 

commiseresco, 3. to pity, Ter. 

commiseror, 1. dep. 1, to pity, commiserate, 
bewail; fortunam, Nep. ; 2, of a speaker, to ex- 
cite pity ; quum commiserari, conquori coeperit, 
Cic. " 

commissio -onis, f. (committo). A. a con- 
test or struggle for a prize, Cic. B. Meton., a 
showy declamation, Sen. 

commissum -i, n. (cominitto). I. some- 
tiling undertaken, an undertaking; supererat 
nihil aliud in temere commisso quam, etc., Liv. ; 
esp., a, a crime, fault, transgression ; factum 
aut commissum audacius, Cic. ; b, confiscation, 
Quint. II. a secret ; commissa enuntiare, Cic. 

commissura -ae, f. (cominitto). A. a join- 
ing together, connection, joint, knot; molles digi- 
turum, Cic. B. Transf., connexion of a speech, 
the thread of a discourse, Quint. 

committo -misi -missum, 3. to unite, con- 
nect, combine. I. Lit., duas noctes, Ov. ; opera, 
Liv. ; nondum commissa inter se munimenta, 
Liv. II. Transf., 1, a, to begin, set on foot; 
puguaiu or pugnam cum aliquo, Cic. ; proelium, 
Caes. ; bellum, Liv. 1 ; ludos, Cic. ; b, to commit 
a crime ; tautum facinus, Cic. ; multa et in deos 
et in homines impie, Cic; c, absol., to commit a 
crime, to sin ; nemo enim committeret, Cic; con- 
tra legem, Cic. ; with ut and the subj., to bring 
it about that ; non committam posthac utine ac- 
cusare de_ epistolarum negligentia possis, Cic. ; d, 
to incur 'a punishment ; poenam, Cic. ; perf. 
partic, forfeited; hereditas Veneri Erycinae 
commissa, Cic. ; e, to entrust, commit to, reflex., 
to venture, risk oneself; se in scnatum, Cic ; se 
urbi, Cic ; aliquem iidei potestatique eius, Cic. ; 
collum tonsori, Cic ; alicui rempublicam, Liv. ; 
committere alicui, ut videat ne quid res pub- 
lica detriment! capiat, Cic. 

commode, adv. (commodus), a, rightly, 
properly, fitly, appropriately ; dicere, Cic; min- 
us commode audire, to have an indifferent repu- 
tation, Cic. ; b, agreeably, pleasantly ; feceris ig- 
itur commode mihique gratum si, etc., Cic; c, 
satisfactorily ; navigare, Cic. 

commoditas -atis, f. (commodus). I. a, 
proportion, symmetry ; corporis, Cic. ; vitae, Cic; 
b, convenience; ob commoditatein itineris, Liv.; 
C, fitness, a fit occasion; commoditas ad faciend- 
um idonea, Cic; d, advantage; qui ex bestiis 
fructus, quae commoditas percipi potest, Cic. 
II. of persons, complaisance, kindness, Ov. 

cotnmodo, 1. (commodus), 1, to make Jit, 
adapt, accommodate, Plin. ; 2. a, to adapt oneself 
to suit another person, to please, oblige, serve; 
ut eo libentius iis commodes, Cic. ; b, with 
ace, to furnish, lend, give; nomen suuin alicui, 
Cic. ; reipublicae tempus, Liv. ; alicui aurem, 
Ov.; to lend for a time ; alicui aurum, Cic. 

1. commodum, adv. (commodus), a, at the 
right time, opportunely ; commodum enim eger- 
ara diligentissirae, Cic. ; b, with quum or post- 
quam and the indie, just; commodum disctss- 
fjas heri, -quuai Trebatius veait, Cic. 

2. commodum -i. u. (coounodus), a, con- 



venience; nostro commodo, at our convenience, 
Cic; commodo tuo, Cic. ; per coininodum, Liv. ; 
quod commodo valetudinis tuae liat, Cic. ; com- 
modo reipublicae faccroaliquid, Cic; commodum 
alicuius exspectare, Cic. ; b, use, advantage, con- 
venience; pacis, Cic; sui commodi causa no- 
cere alteri, Cic; servire or consulere alicuius 
commodis, Cic; p\ur. , favour, privileges, preroga- 
tives; tribunatus (minium) coinmoda, Cic; c, 
loan; qui forum et basilicas commodis hospituin, 
non furtis nocentium ornarent, Cic. 

1. commodus -a -um (com and modus). I. 
a, proper, Jit, appropriate, convenieiit, satisfactory ; 
valetudine minus commoda uti, Caes. ; litterae 
satis commodaede Britannicis rebus, Cic; with 
dat., nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est, Cic ; 
commodum est, it pleases,' is agreeable ; si tibi 
erit commoduni, Cic; with ace. and infill., 
nihil duco esse coinmodius, quamde his. rebus 
nihil jam amplius scribere, Cic; h,eusy, con- 
venient; iter, Liv. II. friendly, obliging, plea- 
sant; mores commodi, Cic 

2. Commodus -i, in. Roman emperor from 
186-102 a.d. 

commolior, 4. dep. to set in, motion; ful- 
mina, Lucr. 

commonefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass. 
commonefio -factus sum, -fieri (commoneo 
and facio), to remind, warn; aliquem etiam at- 
que etiam, Cic. ; aliquem benencii sui. Sail. ; 
with ace. of thing, istius turpem calamitosam- 
que praeturam, Cic 

commoneo -ui -Hum, 2. to remind, warn, 
impress upon, bring to one's recollection ; ..quod 
vos lex comnionuit, Cic. ; quin is unoquoque 
gradu de avaritia tua oonimoneretur, Cic. ; non 
exprobrandi caus.a, sed commoiiendi gratia, Cic ; 
amnios de periculo, Cic. ; quum quidam ex illis 
amicis commouerent oportere decerni, Cic. 

commonstro, 1. to show fully and distinctly j 
aurum alicui, Cic 

commoratio -onis, f. (commoror), a delay- 
ing, loitering, lingering; tabellariorum, Cic; 
rhet.t.t., the dwelling for some time on one point, 
Cic. 

commorior -mortuus, 3. dep. to die together 
with; with dat., hostibus, Sail. • • 

commoror, 1. dep. to delay, linger, make a 
stay in any pikxee, sojourn, tarry,' remain ; a, 
Romae, Cic. ; imam noctem ad Helorum, Cic. ; 
apud aliquem, Cic ; tig., consilium tuum diutius 
in armis civilibus commorandi, Cic. ; b, rhet. 
t.t. to dwell on; pluribus verbis in eo, Cic. 

commotio -onis, f. (commoveo), an emotion, 
excitement; animi, Cic. 

conimotiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of commotio), 
a slight indisposition, Cic. 

commotus -a -um, p. adj. (from commoveo), 

1, tottering, insecure, unsteady; aes alienum, 
Tac ; gonus (dicendi) in agendo, Cic. ; 2, moved 
in mind, excited ; animus commotior, Cic. 

commoveo -movi -motum, 3. I. Lit. to 
move entirely or violently, to shake, to move from a 
place ; 1, se ex eo loco, Cic. ; castra ex eo loco, to 
cause the army to advance, Cic. ; sacra, to carry 
about (at festivals, etc.) the statues of the gods and 
the sacred utensils, Verg. ; nummum, to employ 
in commerce, Cic. ; colunmas, to carry off, Cic. ; 

2, a, to hunt; cervum, Verg.; b, to cause to 
yield or give way ; hostium aciem, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, of the mind or the passions^, to 
move, influence, disturb; his omnes, in quibus 
est virtutis indoles, commoventur, Cic. ; aut 
libidine aliqua aut metu rfommotum esse, Cic. ; 
nova atque inutitata. specie commotus, Caes. ■; 
eiusdeci iniserjis ac cericulis coruraovatur, Cic. ; ; 
quum esset ex aere alieno comznota civitas, Cio,' 



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112 



com 



t 



2, to call forth, produce, cause; risum, Cie. ; 
magnum et accrbum dolorem, Cic. ; bellum ant 
tnmultum, Cic. ; 3, to treat of, nova quaedum, 
Cic. (contracted perf. forms cominossem, eom- 
mosset, commo.sse, Cic). 

commiinlcatlo -onis, f. (communico), 1, a 
communicating, imparting ; consilii, Cic. ; 2, a. 
rhetorical figure = avaKoivmm.<;, in, which the orator 
pretends to considt the audience, Cic. 

communico, 1. (communis), to share, divide. 
with, communicate ; 1, judicia cum equestri or- 
dine communicata erant, Cic. ; rem cum aliquo, 
Cic. ; 2, to communicate, impart, inform, by 
speaking or writing; consilia, Caes.; de societate 
multa inter se, Cic-; to take counsel with, confer 
with; cum aliquo de maximis rebus, Cic; 3, to 
join, unite ; quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis 
nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis aestim- 
atione facta cum dotibus communicant, Caes. ; 
4, to share something with one; curam doloris 
sui cum aliquo, Cic. 

1. communlo -ivi or -li -itum, 4. to fort 'fy 
thoroughly on all sides; castella, Caes.; transf., 
to fortify, strengthen; causam testimoniis, Cic, 

2. oommunio -onis, f. (communis), com- 
munion, mutual participation; inter quos est 
communiu legis, inter cos communio juris est, 
Cic 

communis -e (old form commoinis, from 
com and root MOIN, MUN, whence moenia, 
inunus). A. common, general, universal, ordinary, 
•usual, i>ublic(opp.\-)TO\mus = individuat, private); 
loca, public places, Cic ; loci, philosophical or 
rhetorical commonplaces, Cic. ; With genit., com- 
munis hominuiu inflrmitas, Cic; with dat., mors 
omni aetati est communis, Cic. ; with cum and 
the abl., quocum fuit et doim-s et militia com- 
munis Cic; with inter se, muUasuntcivibus in- 
ter se communis, Cic. ; subst., commune -is, 
n., 1, the common property of a corporation ; quod 
jus statues communi dividundo, Cic. ; 2, state, 
commonwealth; Siciliae, Cic. ; in commune, adv.. 
a, for tlie public good, for common use; in com- 
mune coiiferre, Cic ; b, Cm general, Tac B. 
Transf., of persons, affable, condescending ; Cyrum 
miuorem communem erga Lysandrum atque 
humanum fuisse, Cic 

communltas -atis, f. (communis). I. com- 
munity, fellowship; nulla cum deo homini com- 
munitas, Cic. II. Transf., a, the desire for 
human society, Cic. ; b, condescension, affability, 
Nep. 

communiter, adv. (communis), in common 
with others, jointly, generally, Cic. 

commurmuror, 1., dep. to mutter, mur- 
mur ; ut scriba secuin ipse coinmui luuratus sit, 
Cic. 

commutabllis, -e (commuto), changeable; 
a, vitac ratio, Cic; b, rhet. t. t., exordium, 
such as could be easily adapted to a speech on the 
other side of the question, Cic 

commutatlo -onis, f. (commuto), a change, 
alteration; temporum, Cic, aestuuin, Caes. 

commutatus -us, in., a change, alteration, 
Lucr. 

commuto, 1. A. to change, alter entirely; 
ctirauiu, Cic; iter, Caes.; temporal in lioras 
coiiuiiutantur, Cic; reipublieao statum, Cic; 
coiisiliimi, Caes.; seiitentiam, Cic; nihil com- 
mutari ammo, Cic. B. to exchange, change some- 
thing for something else; gloriam constantiae CUM 
carrtate vitae, Cic; (Idem suam ct religionem 
pecunia, to barter, Cic. 

como, cotnpai, comptum, S, (contr. from 
coemo), to place together. I. (Jen., Lncr. II. 
to place together in order, to arrange, adorn, 
•jspecially of the \v,"\ to comb, plait, adorn; 



capillos, Cic. ; tongas compta puclla comas, Ov.; 
praccincti recto pueri comptiquo, Hor. 

comocdia -ac, f. (Ku>fiwSia), a comedy, Cic. 

comoedus -a -um (/cwn<p<5os), relating to « 
comedy, comic; natio, Juv. ' Subst., coinoe- 
dus -i, m. a comic actor, Cic. 

comosus -a -um (coma), hairy, Phaedr. 

COmpaciscor(conipeciseor),-pactus, or-pec- 
tus, -pacisci 3., dep. to conclude an agreement, 
make a compact with any one, Plant. 

compactlo -onis, f. (compingo), a putting 
or joining together ; membrorum, Cic 

compactum -1, n. (compacisoor), a, compact, 
agreement; compacto, Cic, de compacto, Plant., 
ex compacto, Suet., according to agreement. 

compactus -a -um, p. adj. (from compingo), 
thick-set, compressed, compact, Plin. 

compages -is, f. (compingo). I. a joining 
together, connexion; lapidum, Ov. ; quae (navis) 
per se ipsa omnibus compagibus aquam aceip- 
eret, Liv. II. Transf., dum sumus in his 
inclusi compagibus corporis, bodily structure, 
Cic. 

compago -inis, f. — compages (q. v.). 

COmpar-paris,nA'e, similar; postulatioLatin- 
orum, Liv.; with dat., milites inilitibus com- 
pares, Liv. Subst., compar -pans, c a com- 
panion, equal, consort, spouse, Hor. 

comparabllis -e (2. compare), capable of 
comparison, comparable; comparabile est, quod 
in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem con- 
tinct, Cic 

comparate, adv. (2. comparo), in compa- 
rison, by comparison, Cic. 

1. comparatio -onis, f. (1. comparo), a 
preparing, preparation ; novi belli, Cic. ; veneni, 
Liv. ; criminis, evidence necessary for an accusa- 
lion, Cic. 

2. compiSratio -5nis, f. (2. comparo). A. 
a comparing, comparison; orationis suae cum 
scriptis alienis, Cic ; utilitatum, Cic. ; compar- 
atio quibus plurimum sit tribuendum, Cic. B. 
In rhet., comparatio criminis, the set-off of a good 
motive against a crime, Cic 

COmparatlVUS -a -um (2. comparo), relating 
to comparison, containing a comparison, compa- 
rative; judicatio, Cic. 

comparco (comperco) -parsi, -parsum, 3. 
to scrape together, to save up, Ter. 

compareo -parui, 2, 1, to appear, be visible; 
cum subito sole obscunato nun comparuisset 
(Romulus), Cic. ; 2, to be present, be in existence; 
signa et dona comparere omnia, Cic. 

1. comparo, 1. A. to prepare, get ready, 
provide, furnish; convivium maguifice et ornate, 
Cic. ; se, to make oneself ready, Cic ; insidias 
alien i, Cic; classem, Cic. ; exercitum, Cic. ; rem 
frumentariam, Caes. ; animum auditoris idoncc 
ad reliquiiui dictionem, Cic ; alicui a civitatibus 
laudationes per vim et nntuni, Cic; bellum 
adversua aliquem, Caes. B. to arrange, settle, 
dispose; 1, of character, sic fuimus semper 
comparat i ut, etc., Cic; 2, of institutions, jura 
praeclaia atquc divinitus a noslris majoiibus 
comparata, Cic 

2. comparo, l. (compar). I. Lit., a, to 
form into pairs, to unite in jiairs, Cic; labellu, 
labellis, riant. ; b, to bring together for a canted, 
to match; comparari cum Aeserniuo Samnite, 
cum patrono disertissimo, Cic. II. Transf., a, 
to compare; et se mill! comparat Ajax? Ov. ; 
homo similitudines comparat. Cic. ; Attico Ly- 
sia': Catonem nostrum, Cic ; lueui'n factum cum 
tuo comparo, Cic ; b, comparare provincias 
inter t>c t or compsrare proviucias, or simply 



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comparare inter se (of magistrates), to come to 
an agreement as to their several duties, Liv. 

compasco -pavi -pastura, 3. to feed or graze 
togetlw ; si compascuus ager est, jus est cora- 
pascere, Cie. 

compascuus -a -urn, relating to common 
pasturage; ager, pasturage held in common, Cic. 

compedlo, 4. (compes), to fetter, Plaut. 

compellatlo -onis, f. (2. compello), anaccosl- 
ing, rtouking, reprimanding ; crebrae vel potius 
quotidianae compellationes, Cic. 

1. compello -pfili -pulsum, 3. I. to drive to 
one place, collect ; pecus totius provinciae, Cic. 
II. to drive, force. A. Lit., consules e foro in 
curiam, Liv.; naves in portum, Caes.; Romauos 
in castra, Liv.; omne Auruucum bellum Poruet- 
iam compulsum est, confined to, Liv. B. Transf., 
to force or impel a person to an action, to com- 
pel; aliquem ad bellum, Ov. ; in eundem metum, 
Liv. ; in lmnc sensum et allici beneticiis hom- 
inum et compelli injuriis, Cic. 

2. compello, 1. (intens. of 1. compello). I. 
Gen., to address, accost, call by name; aliquem 
voce, Verg. II. A. to address with blame and 
reproach, chide, rebuke; aliquem edicto, Cic. 
B. Legal t. t. ( to accuse before a court of justice ; 
judicem, Cic. 

compendiarius -a -urn (compendium), 
short; via, Cic. 

compendium -ii, n. (com and pendo, to weigh 
together). A. saving, parsimony, and hence, 
grain, profit, advantage (opp. dispendium) ; pri- 
vato compendio servire, Caes. ; in re uberrima 
turpe compendium effugere, Cic. B. a short 
way, a short cut; per compendia maris assequi 
aliquem, Tac. 

compensatlo -onis, f. (compenso), a balanc- 
ing of an account, compensation ; iucommoda 
commodorum compensatione leuiant, Cic. 

compenso, 1. to weigh together, to reckon one 
thing against another, to balance; laetitiam cum 
doloribus, Cic. ; summi labores uostri magna 
compeusati gloria, Cic. 

comperendinatio -onis, f. (comperendino), 
a putting off a trial to the third day, Tac. 

compe'rendinatus -us, m. = compereu- 
dinatio (q.v.). 

comperendino, 1. (com and perendinus), 
to remand to the third day; reum, Cic; 
absol., ut ante primos ludos, comperendiuem, 
Cic. 

comperio -peri -pertum, 4. (com and root 
PER, whence peritus, periculum, and reperio, 
experior), to find out, discover, gain certain infor- 
mation of; haec certis nuntiis, certis auctoribus 
comperisse, Cic; partic perf., certain, un- 
doubted ; levem auditionem pro re comperta 
habere, for a certainty, Caes. ; ea diciinus quae 
comperta habemns, quae vidimus, Cic. ; com- 
: rtitm narrarc, Sail.; with ace. and inlin., 
potsteaquain comperit emu posse vivere, Cic. ; 
abl. absol., coiuperto, it having been discovered 
for certain ; satis comperto Eordaeam petituros 
Romanos, Liv.; with de and the abl., nihil de 
hoc comperi, Cic. ; partic. perf., compertus (of 
pel sons), convicted; probri, Liv. 

comperior — comperio. 

compes -pedis, f. a fetter or fool shackle, gen. 
found iu the plur, Plaut; transf., qui in coni- 
pedibus corporis semper fueruut, Cic. ; Telephum 
tenet puella grata compede vinctum, Hor. 

compesco -pescui, 3. (connected with com- 
pes, compedio), to hold in, restrain, check, curb; 
equum angustia habenis, Tib. ; seditionem exerc- 
itus verbo uno, Tac. ; clamorem, Hor. ; ruiuos, 
Verg, 



competitor -oris, in. a competitor, Cic. 

competitrix -icis, f. (competitor), a female 
competitor, Cic. 

competo -pfitivi aud -petti -petitum 3. to, 
come together, to meet. A. Lit.,Varr. B. Transf., 

1, to agree, coincide in point of time; tempora cum 
Othonis exitu competisse, Tac. ; 2, to be equal 
to, capable of; ut vix ad anna capienda aptaml- 
aque pugnae competcret animus, Liv. ; ncque 
oculis neque auribus satis competebant, Tac. 

compilatio -onis, f. (compilo), a pillaging, 
hence (contemptuously), a compilation ; Chresti, 
Cic. 

compilo, l.(com and pilo = <J/iAo<o), to plunder, 
rob ; faua, Cic. ; tig., ab ipsis capsis juris, cou- 
sultorum sapientiam, Cic. 

complngo -pegi -pactum, 3. (com aud paugo). 
A. to put together, construct; part, perf., coni- 
pactus, constructed, Cic, Verg. B. to confine, 
hide, conceal; sein Apuliam, Cic. ; fig., in judicia 
et contiuuculas tamquam iu aliquod pistiinum 
detrudi et compingi, Cic. 

CompitallClUS -a -uiu (compitalis), relat- 
ing to the Compitalia ; dies, Cic ; ludi, Cic. 

compitalis -e (compitum), relating or be- 
longing to cross roads; Lares, the deities who 
presided over cross roads, Suet. Subst. , Com- 
pitalia -ium, n. the festival in honour of these 
deities, celebrated on the cross roads on a day ap- 
pointed by the praetor, shortly after the Satur- 
nalia, Cic. 

compitum -i, n. (competo), a place where 
two or more roads meet, a cross road, Cic. 

complaceo -cut or -citus sum, 2. 1, to please 
several persons at once, Ter. ; 2, to please exceed- 
ingly, Plaut. 

complano, 1. to level; domum, to rate, Cic 

complector -plexus -plecti, 3. dep. (com and 
plecto). I. Lit. , 1, to embrace, encircle, surround, 
encompass; aliquem medium, Liv. ; aliquem art- 
ius, Cic; me artior somnus complexus est, Cic; 

2, to enclose, surround; collem opere, Caes.; au- 
imum mundi caelo, Cic II. Transf., l,.to hold 
fast, master; quam (facultatem) quoniam com- 
plexus es, tene, Cic. ; 2, to attach oneself to, es- 
teem; quos fortuna complexa est, the favourites of 
fortune, Cic. ; aliquem summabenevolentia, Cic ; 

3, of the mind, to embrace, grasp, comprehend ; 
omnia una comprehensione, Cic. ; 4. to unite in 
oneself or itself; oranes omnium caritates patria 
una complexa est, Cic. 

complementum -i, n. (compleo), that 
which completes or fills up, a complement ; inania 
quaedam verba quasi complements numerorum, 
Cic 

compleo -plevi -pletum, 2. to fill up. T. 
Lit., 1, fossas sarmentis et virgultis, Caes.; 
paginam, Cic. ; multo cibo et potionc completi, 
Cic. ; with genit., convivium vicinorum %iotidie 
compleo, Cic; 2, niilit. t. t., to complete the 
number of tm tirnny, fleet, etc. ; classem Roman- 
am sociis navalibus, Liv. ; 3, to fill a space 
with light, smell, shout, clamour, etc. ; omnia 
olainoribus, Liv. ; sol cuueta sua luce lustrat 
ct coinplet, Cic. II. Transf., 1, civitatem 
suinnia spc et voluutate, Caes.; 2, to fulfil; 
fata sua, Ov. ; centum ct septem auuos com- 
plcssc, Cic; 3, of a suui, to make up; uequo 
est adhue ea summa (imperati suuiptus) eoni- 
plela, Cic; 4, to complete, finish; his rebus 
coniplotis, Caes. 

completus -a -urn, p. adj. (from compleo), 
perfect, complete ; completus et perfectus verb- 
orum ambitus, Cic. 

coruplexlo -onis, f. (complector), 1, con- 
nexion, combination; complexiones atoworum 



com 



114 



com 



inter se, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, a, brevis totius 
Jiegotii, a short summary of the whole matter, 
Cic. ; b, verboruni, or absol., a period, Cic. ; c, 
in logic, the conclusion of a syllogism, Cic. ; d, 
a dilemma, Cic. 

complexus -us, in. (complector). A. a, 
an embrace; aliquein de coinplexu inatris avell- 
(.lc, Cic. ; currere ad alicuius complexion, Cic; 
meton., a loved object ; de complexu eius ac simi, 
from his favourites and bosom friends, Cic. ; b, 
combat; complexmn armorum vitare, Tac; c, 
surrounding, encompassing; qui (mundus) om- 
nia coinplexu suo coercet et continct, Cic. B. 
Transf., love for; coiuplexus totius geutis htl- 
manae, Cic. 

complico -iivi -Stum (-fli -ituin), 1. to Jold 
together, fold up. I. Lit., epistolam, Cic. II. 
Transf., coinplieata notio, confused, intricate, Cic. 

comploratio -onis, f. (comploto), a lamen- 
tation, a weeping and bewailing; mulievum com- 
ploratio sui patriaeque, Liv. 

comploratus -fls, m. = comploratio (q.v.). 

comploro, 1. to bewail or weep, to lament 
loudly and violently ; mortem, Cic. ; desperata 
complorataque res est publica, Liv. 

complures, ueut. coraplura.and (rarely) 
compluria -ium, n. very many, Cic. Subst., 
several; complures ex iis, Caes. 

compluriens (compluries), adv. (com- 
plures), muny times, frequently, Plaut. 

complusculi -ae, -a (complures), a yood 
many, Plaut. 

compiuvium -ii, n. (compluo. io flow to- 
gether), the quadrangular roofless space in the 
centre of a Roman house, through which the water 
•.dlected on the roofs found its u-ay ta the impluvinm 
below, Varr. 

compono -pdsiU •pSsItinn, 3. to put, place, 
lay, bring together. I. Gen., 1, in quo (loco) erant 
ea compositi, quibns rex te iimiierare constitu- 
ent, Cic. ; manibus maims atque oribus orn, 
Vcrg. ; 2, a, to place together as opponents, Cic. ; 
pergis pugnantia sccum pontibns adversis com- 
ponere, Ilor. ; b, to compare; dignitati alicuius 
suam, Cic. II. Esp. A. to collect together a ivhole 
from several parts, compose; exercitus eius com- 
positus ex variis gentibus, Sail.; venena, Ov. ; 
aggerem tumuli, Verg. ; of writers, to compose; 
volumeu de tuenda sanitate, Cic. ; oratio ad 
eonciliandos plebis animos coniposita, Liv. B. 
1, to compose, settle, arrange; anna, Ilor. ; opes, 
Verg. ; cineroin, the a-ihes of the dead, Ov. ; se 
thalan i > erg. ; 2, '" quiet, settle, reconcile ; 
co'ntroversias reguui, Caes. : Armeniaiu, Tac. ; 
amicus aversos, Hor. C. to place in a certain 
order, arrange; 1 sidera, Cic ; classiarios in 
numeros legionis, Tac. ; 2, rhet. t. t., to arrange 
words in their order; verba componere et quasi 
coagmentare, Cic. D. 1, to arrange, smooth; 
comas, Ov. ; composito et delibnto capillo, Cic. ; 
tngam, .Uor. ; vultum, Tac; 2, a, to dispose, 
settle in a. particular way; itinera sic ut, etc., 
Cic ; auspicia ad utilitatem reipublicae coni- 
posita, Cic. ; diem rei gerendae, Liv. ; ex com- 
posito, as we agreed, Liv.; b, to invent, feign; 
crimen et dolum, Tac 

coraporto, 1. to carry, bring together, collect; 
I m • nfuraabAsia, Caes.; armain templtim.Cie. 

compos -potis (com and potis), having the 
mastery or control of, possessed of, sharing in ; 
animi.Ter. ; mentis, in. full possession of mental 
faculties, Cic ; voti, one whose wish is fulfilled, 
Hor., Liv. ; sciential compotem esse, to be abTe 
to know ' something^.Cic. ; r*tionis et consilii 
compos, Cic. ; qui me huius urbis cornpotem 
fecerunt, er.ablid, rtzinot in, this cizy, Cic. ; turn 
patriae compotem me numquam sirjs esse, Liv. 



composite, adv. (compositus), 1, in an 
orderly manner, in good order; composite et apto 
diccre, Cic ; 2, quietly, Tac. 

compositio -onis, f. (compono). a putting 
together. I, Gen., a matching; gladiatorutn 
compositiones, Cic. II. Esp. 1, a composing; 

a, unguentorum, Cic ; b, of a book, juris ponti- 
licalis, Cic. ; 2, a .settlement of differences;, pads, 
concordiae, compositions auctor esse iion des- 
titi, Cic. ; 3, arrangement. ; a, menibrorum, Cic; 

b, anni, of the calendar, Cic. ; c, rhet. t. t., the 
proper arrangement of words ; compositio apta, 
Cic. 

compositor -oris, m. (compono), an ar- 
ranger, adjuster, Cic 

compositura -ae, f. (compono), a connexion, 
joining, a joint, Lucr. 

compositus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and super!, (compono), placed together; 1, com- 
posed, quieted; composito vultu, Tac; 2, well 
arranged; composito agmine legiones ducere, 
Tac. ; so of oiatory, oratio, Cic ; and of the orator 
himself, orator, Cic. ; 3, peacefully governed, 
settled; respublica, Cic. ; hence subst., compo- 
Sita, -orum, n. the orderly condition of a state, 
Sail. ; 4, a, prepared; ut nemo unqu3in com- 
positior ad judicium venisse videatur, Cic. ; 
D, feigned, pretended, studied; indignatio, Tac- 

CompotatlO -6nis, f. adrinking party (trans- 
lation of o-vfi-nocnov), Cic. 

compotio, 4. (compos), to make partaker of, 
Plaut. ; passive, to become partaker of, Plaut. 

compotor -oris, in. a. drinking companion, 
Cic. 

compotrix -icis, f. (compotor), a female 
drinking companion, Ter. 

compransor -oris, m. a dinner companion, 
boon companion, Cic. 

comprecatio -onis, f. (eomprecor), suppli- 
cation of a deity; haec sollemnis deorum com- 
precatio, Liv. 

comprecor, L, dep. to pray to, supplicate; 
caelestum fidem, Cat. ; Cytherea, comprecoc, 
ausis assit, Ov. 

comprehendo (comprendo) -prebendi 
(-prendi) -prehensuni (-prensum), 3. to seize, lay 
hold of. A. Lit, 1, quid o]>us est manibus si 
nihil comprehendendum est? Cic. ; igneni, to 
catch fire, Verg. ; ignis robora comprendit, seizes 
on, Verg. ; avidis comprenditur ignibus agger, 
Ov. ; without igne, comprehensa aedificia, Liv. ; 
2, as a suppliant, to seize a 2icrson's hand; coin- 
prehendunt utrumque et orant, Caus. ; 3, to at- 
tack, lay hold of in a hostile manner, seize, cap- 
ture; a, persons, tarn capitaleni hostein, Cic; 
aliquem vivum in fuga, Caes.; aliquein in furto, 
Cic. ; b, animals, etc., to seize, carry off; redas 
equosque, Caes. ; c, to seize a place; aliis com- 
prehensis collibus, Caes. ; 4, to discover or reveal 
acrime; nefandumadulteriuin, Cic. B. Transf., 
1, to embrace; multos ainicitia, Cic ; 2, to com- 
prise, include; quae omnia una cum deorum 
notione comprehendiinus, Cic. ; 8, to relate, ex- 
press, tell in words or writing; breviter com- 
prehensa sententia, Cic ; ne plura consecter, 
compvehendam brevi, Cic ; 4, aliouid numero, 
to count, express in numbers, Verg. ; 5, to com- 
prehend, perceive; sensu or seniibus, Cic; 
animo intelligentiam alicuius rei, Cic. ; intel- 
ligere et cogitatione comprebendere qualis sit 
auimus, Cic. ; esse aliquid.'quod compreher.di et 
percipi posset, Cic. 

comprehension's -e (comprehendo), that 
which can be comprehended, comprehensible; Da- 
tura non comprehensibilis, Cic 

comprehenslo -Jnii, f. (co~pretic2do), 4 
seising with the hands, laying holaof. A. Lit^ 



com 



11-5 



con 



1, Cic. ; 2, a hostile seizing, apprehending ; son- 
tiuiii, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a perceiving, compre- 
hending, comprehension ; complecti omnia una 
coiupreheiisione, Cic; 2, a period, sentence; 
verba couiprchensioiio devmcire, Cic. 

comprendo = comprehendo (q.v.). 

compresse, adv. (compressus), briefly, con- 
cisely, succinctly, Cic. ; comprcssius loqui, Cic. 

compressio -olds, f. (comprimo), compres- 
sion of style, conciseness ; compressioue reruni 
"breves, Cic. 

l. compressus -a-uui, partic. of comprimo. 

•_'. compressus, abl. -u, m. (comprimo), a 
pressing together, pressure, embrace, Cic. 

comprimo -pressi -pressum. 3. (com and 
piemo), to press, squeeze together, compress. A. 
Lit, 1, quum digitos compresserat et pugiium 
fecerat, Cic. ; prov., compressis mauibus sedeie, 
to sit with folded hands, idle, Liv. ; 2, to press to- 
gether, make closer or tighter; ordines, to close the 
ranks, Liv. B. Trausf., 1, to hold back; a, 
frumentuin, to keep in the garner, not to sell, 
Cic. ; b, to suppress; delicta magna, Cic. ; 2, to 
check ; plausus ipse admiratione compressus est, 
Cic; gressum, Verg. ; 3, to crush, subdue; 
furentis homiuis conatuuj atque audaciam, Cic. ; 
seditionem, Liv. 

comprobatio -onis, f. (comprobo), approval, 
Cic. 

comprobator -oris, m. (comprobo), one who 
approves, Cic. . 

comprobo, 1., 1, to approve fully; oratiouem 
omnium assensu, Liv. ; istam tuam seutentiam 
laudo veheinentissimeque comprobo, Cic. ; 2, to 
confirm, prove, establish; patns dictum sapiens 
temeritas hlii comprobavit, Cic. 

compromissum -i, n. (compromitto), a 
mutual agreement to abide by the decision of an 
arbitrator; deliac pecunia compromissum facere, 
Cic. 

compromitto -inisi -missum, 3. to agree to 
refer a cause to arbitration, Cic. 

Compsa -ae, f. town, of the Hirpini in, Sam- 
ni am (now Coma) ; hence, Compsanus-a -urn, 
(/ or belonging to Compsa. 

1. comptus -a -uni, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl. (from coino), ornamented, adorned; 
oratio, Cic. 

. 2. comptus -us, m. (como). I. a head-dress, 
Lt.icr. II. a band, tie, Lucr. 

compungo -jmnxi -punctum, 3. to prick, 
puncture on all sides. I. Phaedr. ; fig., ipsi se 
compungunt suis acuminibus, Cic. II. to mark; 
barbaruseompuiic'tusnotisThreiciis,tottooed,Cic 

computo, 1. to reckon together, calculate, com- 
pute ; rationem digitis, Plaut. ; facies tua goiu- 
putat annos, shows thy age, Juv. ; absol., com- 
putarat, pecuniam impetrarat, Cic. 

computresco -putrui, 3. to putrefy, Lucr. 

Comum -i, n. (K&futv), a town in Cisalpine 
Gaul, now Como. Adj., Comensis -c, of or be- 
longing to Comum. 

con = com (q.v.). 

cenamen -minis, n. (conor), an effort, en- 
deavour, Lucr., Ov. 

conatum -i, n. (conor), an undertaking ; gen. 
in plur., conata efficere, Cic 

conatus -Us, m. (conor), a, an attempt, 
effort, undertaking; hoc conatu desistere, Cic. ; 
compressi tuoa nefarios conatus, Cic. ; b, troubU, 
difficulty, effort; tumultus Gallicus baud magno 
conatu brevi oppressus est, Liv. ; c. impulse, 
iiuMruuian; ut (beluae) .eocatu:n habertnt ad 
adturalfcs pastm, capessendoi, Cic. 



concaco, 1. to drjile all over, Phaedr. 

concaedes -lum, f. a barricade if trees, Tac. 

concalefacio (coucalfacfo) -feci -factum, 
3., and pass, concalcfio (coucalfio), -factus 
sum, to warm thoroughly ; bracllium, Cic. 

concaleo, 2. to be warm through ami through, 
riant. 

concalesco -calui (inchoat. of concaleo), 3. 
A. Lit., to become thoroughly wa.rm; corpora 
nostra ardore animi concalescunt, Cic: B. 
Transf., to glow with love, Tur. 

concallesco -callui, 3. a, to become .^prac- 
tised ; tamquam manus operu, sic animus usu 
concalluit, Cic. ; b, to become callous or without 
feeling, Cic. 

Concani -orum, in. <sing., Conoanus, 
Hor.), a savage tribe in S}xiin, who drank horses' 
blood. 

concastigo, 1. to punish, chastise severely, 
Plaut. 

concavo, 1. (concavus), to hollow out, make 
hollow or concave; brachia geminos in artus, 
curves, bends, Ov. 

concavus -a -urn, hollow, vaulted, arched, 
concave; cymbala, Lucr. ; altitudines spelunc 
arum, Cic; aqua, welling up, Ov. 

concedo -cessi -cessuin, 3. to go away, de- 
part, retire, withdraw. I. Lit., superis ab oris, 
Verg. ; ab alicuius oculis aliquo, Cic. ; cum cou- 
jugibus ac liberis in arcem Capitoliumque, Liv.; 
docet uude fulmen veuerit, quo concesserit, Cic; 
coucedere vita, to die, Tac; so absol., quando 
concessero, Tac. II. Transf., 1, to cease; tumor 
omnia et irae concessere deum, Verg. ; 2, a, to 
submit; iu alicuius ditionem, Liv.; b, to pass 
over to some one's side or party or view; in At- 
tali seutentiam, Liv.; 3, to yield; a, intrausit, 
(a) voluptas concedit dignitati, Cic. ; coucedere 
naturae, to die a natmxU death. Sail. ; (fi) to give 
in to; alicuius postulationi, Cic. ; (y) to pardon ; 
alienis peccatis, Cic; b, transit., (a). to yield', 
give up; alicui libertatem in aliqua re, Cic; 
concedant, ut hi viri boni fuerint, let them ad- 
mit, Cic. ; alicui primas in diceudo partes, Cic. ; 
(|3) reipublicie dolorem atquc amicitias suas, 
sacrifice, Cic. 

coucelebr o, 1. I. Lit. , to visit a place often, 
or ui large companies, Lucr, II. Transf., A. Of 
any occupation, to pursue eagerly, assiduously; 
studia per otium, Cic. B. to celebrate a festivity; 
diem natalem, Plaut. ; spectaculum, Liv. C. 
to pmise, extol; fama et litteris eius diei victo- 
riain, Cic 

ConcenatlO -onis, f. (conceuo), a supping to- 
gether (translation of Gr. anivSemyov), Cic. 

concentio -onis, f. (concino), a singing to- 
getlter, harmony, Cic. 

concentus -us, m. (concino). A. a singing 
together, harmony; avium, Cic; tubarum ac 
cornuum, Liv. B. Transf., agreement, harmony 
of opinion, unity, concord; melior actionum quam 
sonoruni concentus, Cic. 

conceptio -6uis, f. (concipio). 1, a, con- 
ceplion, a becoming pregnant, Cic. ; 2, the draw- 
ing up of legal formulae, Cic. 

conceptus -us, in. (concipio), a conceiving, 
pregnancy, Cic. 

concerpo -cerpei -cerptum, 3. (com and 
carpo), to pull, pluck, tear in pieces. I. Lit., 
epiktolas, Cic. II. Transf., aliquem ferventis- 
bime, a p. Cic. 

concertatlo -onis, f. (concerto), • contest? 
strife; 1, magistratuuxr, Cic; 2, ' contest in 
vords, isrcngling, dispute; sine jejuna concern 
tatione verborum, Cic, : 



con 



116 



con 



concertator -oris, m. (concerto), a rival, 
Tac 

concertatorlus -a -um (concerto), relating 
to a contest in words; genus dieendi, Cic. 

concerto, 1. to strive eagerly; 1, proelio, 
Cic. ; 2, csp. of dispute in words, nuiiquam 
accidit ut cum eo verbo uno eoncertarcm, Cic. 

concessio -onis, f. (concedo), a yielding, 
granting; 1, agrorum, Cic; 2, rhet. t. t., an 
admission of a fault, Cic. 

concesso, 1. to cease, leave off, Plaut. 

concessus -us, m. (concedo), permission, 
leave; geu. iu abl., concessu omnium, Cic. 

concha -ae, f. ("coyx 1 !)- I. Lit., 1, a mussel, 
Cic. ; 2, a, mussel-shell, Cic. ; poet., pearl, 
conehae teretesquc lapilii, Ov. ; 3, the shell- 
Jish which, yielded the purple dye, Lucr.; poet., 
purple dye, Ov. II. Melon., a vessel in the 
shape of a shell; 1, concha salis puri, salt-cellar, 
Hor. ; funde capacious unguenta do conchis, 
Hor. ; 2, the horn of Triton, Ov. 

conoheus -a -um (concha), relating to a 
mussel-shell; bacca, a pearl, Verg. 

conchis -is, f. (koyx°0> a kind of bean boiled 
with, its pod, Juv. 

conchita -ae, m. (toyx'T), a mussel gatherer, 
Plaut. 

conchy Hatus -a -um (couchylium), purple; 
peristromata, Cic. 

couchylium -li, n. (koyx^""^ a mussel, or 
gen. shell-jish. I. Gen., Cic. II. Esp., 1, an 
oyster, Cic. ; 2, the shell-fish which yielded a 
purple dye, Lucr.; meton.. a, purple dye ; vtstis 
conchylio tincta, Cic. ; D, a purple garment, 
Juv. 

1. concldo -Idi, 3. (com and cado), to fall 
down, tumble to the ground, sink down. A. Lit., 

1, of things, concidat caelum omne necesse 
est, Cic. ; repentina ruiua pars eius turris con- 
cidit, Cacs. ; 2, of the winds, to drop ; concidunt 
venti fuziuutque naves, Hor.; equus eius aute 
signuni Jovis Statoris siue causa concidit, Cic ; 
in battle, ita pugnans concidit, Caes. B. 
Transf., 1, to sink, perish, waste away; ueque 
euim tarn facile opes Carthaginis tantae eon- 
cidissent, Cic; turn ferocia omnis concidit, Liv. ; 

2, of persons, a, tobe ruined, overthrown, to fail; 
malas causas semper obtinuit, in optima con- 
cidit, Cic; at law, to lose; judicum vocibus 
fractus reus et una patroni omnes conciderunt, 
Cic. ; b, ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti 
conciderent, be disheartened, Cic. 

2. concido -cidi -cisum, 3. (com and caedo). 
I. to cut up, cut in pieces, cut down, strike to the 
ground. A. Lit., concisos equites nostros a bar- 
baris mintiabant, Cic. B. to overthrow, annihil- 
ate; Antonium decretis suis, Cic. II. A. to beat 
severely, cudgel; aliquein virgis, Cic. B. 1, a, 
to cut in pieces; nervos, Cic. ; b, to cut through ; 
inagllOB Hcrobibus montes, Verg. ; prdestria itin- 
era concisa aestuariis, Cic; 2, rhct. t. t., to 
divide tin) minutely, Cic. ; 3, logic, t. L, to ana- 
lyse, Cic. 

concico -civi -cltum, 2. and (iu prose gen.) 
concio -ivi -itum, 4. to stir up; 1, (Jen., a, to 
move violently; concita navis, Ov. ; concita tlu- 
mina, Ov. ; b, of iiicd, to summon, bring to- 
gether ; tot-am urbcin, Liv. ; excrcitutn ex lota 
insula, Liv. ; 2, to cicite, disturb ; a, concita 
frcta, Vcrg. ; b, of men, to rouse, stir up; 
plebeni c6ntionibus, Liv. ; immani coucitus ir.i, 
VVrg ; c, to produce, cause, promote; bellum in 
his pruvinciis, Liv. 

cr.ncillabulum -i, n. (concilio), a place of 
assembly, market place ; uuudinas et conciljabula 
obire, Liv. 



conciliatio -Onis, f. (concilio). I. a unit- 
ing, joining ; l f communem totius generis lium- 
iniini conciliatioiiein ct consociatioitein colere, 
Cic; 2, a, a uniting in opinion, conciliating ; 
aut conciliationis causa leniter ant pennotionis 
velieiiienter aguntur, Cic ; rhet. 1. 1, the gaining 
the favour of the audience, Cic. ; b, inclination; 
prima est euim conciliatio hominis ad ea, quae 
suut secundum naturam, Cic II. a procuring, 
acquiring; gratiae, Cic. 

conciliator -oris, iu. (concilio), one who 
prepares, procures; nuptiarum, a match-nuiker, 
Nep. ; proditionis, Liv. 

conciliatricula -ae, f. (dim. of concilia- 
trix), that which conciliates, Cic. 

conciliatrix -icis, f. (conciliator). I. one 
who unites, a match-maker, Cic. II. Transf., 
that which causes, promotes, brings about ; vis ora- 
tionis conciliatrix huiuaiiae societatis, Cic 

1. conciliatus -a -um, p. adj. with coin- 
par, and superl. (from concilio), 1, beloved by, 
Hamilcari conciliatus, Liv. ; 2, inclined to, ut 
judex ad rem accipiendain liat conciliatior, Cic. 

2. conciliatus, abl. -u, in. the union, con- 
nexion of atoms, Lucr. 

concilio, 1. (concilium), to bring together. 
I. to unite, connect. A. corpora, Luer. B. to 
unite in sentiment, win over; 1, gen., legiones 
sibi pecunia, Cic. ; aninios plebis, Liv. ; 2, to 
recommend, make acceptable; dictis artes coneil- 
iare suas, Ov. II. A. to procure, prepare, pro- 
vide, furnish; 1, geu., pecunias, Cic. ; 2, to 
bring together, unite; couciliari viro, Cat. B. to 
bring about, cause, procure; sibi amorein ab 
omnibus, Cic. ; nuptias, Nep. 

concilium -li, u. (com and cio = cieo). I. 
a union, connexion; reruni, Lucr. II. 1, a. 

coming together, assembling ; Caiuenaruln cum 
Egeria, Liv. ; 2, an assembly ; a, pastorum, Cic. ; 
deorum, Cic. ; b, an assembly for deliberation, a 
council; (a) outside Rome, Gallorum, Liv.; con- 
cilium Achaicum, the Achaean League, Liv. ; con- 
stituere diem concilio, Caes. ; cogere or convo- 
care coucilium, Caes.; aliquein adhibere ad con- 
cilium, Caes. ; (ft) in Rome, concilium sanctum 
patrum, Hor. ; concilium plebis habere, to hold 
a meeting of the comitia tributa, Liv. ; populi, of 
the comitia cenluriata, Liv. 

concinne, adv. with com par. (concinnus), 
elegantly, neatly, finely, tastefully ; rogare, Cic. ; 
distiibuere, to arrange a speech artistically, Cic. 

concinnltas -ittis, f. (concinnus), elegance 
and harmony of style; verburum or sententiar- 
um, Cic. 

concinnitudo -inis, f. = concinnitas (q.v.). 

concinno, 1. (concinnus). I. to put or Jit 
together carefully, to arrange; muuusculum ali- 
cui, ap. Cic. II. Transf., to produce, cause; 
amorein, Lucr. 

concinnus -a -um, well put together. I. 
phasing, that which pleases on account of harmony 
andproportion, elegant, neat. A. (Ion., satedepol 
conclunaest virgo facie, Plaut. ; tectorium, Cic; 
helluo, elegant, Cic B. Esp. of discourse, tune- 
ful, polished; oratio, Cic; concinnus et elegans 
Arisln, Cic. II. suited, Jit, appropriate, pleasing; 
concinnus amicis, Hor. 

concino -cTnui -ceiilum, 3. (com and cano), 
I. Intransit. A. Lit., tn sing in chorus, plan in- 
struments in concert; concinunt tubae, Liv. ; 
sic ad vada Maeandri concinit albus o!or, Ov. 
B. Transf., a, to join together in an utterance, to 
agree in saying ; ne juvet vox ista VETO, qua 
concineutes collegas auditis, Liv. ; b, to agree 
together, harmonise; cum Peripatetieis re con- 
ciuere, verbis discrepare, Cic. II. Transit. A,' 



oon 



117 



oon 



LiU, haec quum coucinuutur, Cic. ; carmen ad 
clausas fores, Ov. B. Transf. to celebrate; 
laetos dies, Hor. C. to prophesy ; tristia oniina, 
Ov. 

1. ConoiO = concieo (q.v.). 

2. conclo -r.uis = contio (q.v.). 
concionabundus -a -um, v. contiona- 

bundus. 

conoionalis -e, v. contionalis. 

concionarius -a -um, v. contionarius. 

concionator, v. oontionator. 

concionor, v. contionor. 

conciplo -cEpi -ceptum, 3. (com and capio), 
to take together, hold together. I. Gen. A. Lit, 
to contain, hold; multum ignem trullis ferreis, 
Liv. B. Transf., of words, to express in a certain 
form; verba, jusjnranduin, Liv. ; quod EX ANI- 
JUI SENTENTIA juraris, sicnt concipitur more 
nostro, according to oiir customary form, Cic. ; 
conceptis verbis jurare, Cic. ; vadimonium, Cic; 
so, 1, to repeat words after another person, Qu. 
Marcio Philippo praeeunte in foro votum, Liv. ; 
pieces, Ov.; 2, to publish, conclude; foedus, Verg.; 
3, concipere sunmias, to give the totals, Liv. XL 
Esp. A. Lit. , 1, of fluids, to take in, draw in, suck ; 
concipit Iris aquas, Ov. ; terra caducas concepit 
lacrimas, Ov. ; 2, of fire, to catch fire ; materies, 
quae nisi admoto igni ignem concipere possit, 
Cic. ; tig., of love, quern mens mea concipit 
ignem, Ov. ; 3, of air, to draw in; pars(animae) 
concipitur cordis parte quadain, quern ventricul- 
um cordis appellant, Cic. ; 4, to conceive; quinn 
concepit inula, Cic. ; tig., hoc quod conceptum 
respublioa periculum parturit, Cic. ; 5, of phy- 
sical qualities, to take, gain; alias aliasque vires, 
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to receive, incur, commit; 
dedecus, Cic. ; sceliis, perpetrate, Cic. ; 2, to 
feel ; iram iutimo aninio et corde, Cic. ; spem 
regni, Liv. ; 3, to fancy, imagine; quid minim si 
in auspiciis imbecilli aniini superstitiosa ista 
conci piant, Cic. ; 4, to comprehend, grasp ;reruin 
omnium quasi adumbrates intelligentias aninio 
sc meute c, Cic. 

concise, adv. (concisus), in detached or 
minute portions; hence, concisely, Quint. 

concislo -onis, f. (2. concido), rhet. t. t., 
the breaking up of a clause into divisions, Cic. 

oonclsus -a -um, p. adj. (from 2. concido), 
divided into short sentences, brief, concise; sen-, 
tentiae, Cic. 

concitatio -onis, f. (concito), 1, quick move- 
ment; remorum, Liv. ; 2, tumult, sedition; 
plebi contra patres concitatio et seditio, Cic. ; 
3, disturbance of the mind, passion; ab onini 
concitatione auimi semper vacare, Cic. 

concitator -oris, m. (concito), one ivho ex- 
cites, stirs up; seditionis, Cic. 

concitatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from concito), 1, quick, rapid ; conversio 
caeli, Cic. ; qnain concifatissimos equos immitt- 
ere, spur the lutrses to a full gallop, Liv. ; conci- 
tatior clamor, louder, Liv. ; 2, excited, violent, 
passionate, contio, Cic. 

concito, 1. (freq. of concieo). I. 1, to move 
quickly, violently, stir up, excite; equum calcari- 
bus, to spur to o gallop, Liv. ; naveni remis, 
Liv. ; Eurus concitat aquas, Ov. ; esp. to sum- 
mon by the voice; servos ex omnibus vicis, Cic. ; 
concitare aciein, to move forward the army, 
Liv. ; se concitare in hostein, to rush against 
the enemy, Liv.; 2, to stir up, incite, impel; 
Etruriam omnem adversus Romanos, Liv. ; 
omnem Galliam ad suum auxilium, Caes. ; ani- 
mi quodain impetu concitatus, Cic. II. to 
cause, produce; seditioTiem ac discordiam, Cic; 
invidiam in aliquem, Cic , 



concitor -oris, m. (concieo), one who excite), 
stirs up; belli, vulgi, Liv. 
oonciuncula -ae = contiuncula (q.v.). 

conclamatio -onis, f. (conclamo), an excla- 
mation, shouting together; universi exarcitua, 
Caes. 

conclamito, 1. (intens. of conclamo), to 
shout loudly, cry violently, Plaut 

conclamo, 1. 1, to shout wgetlter, in com- 
pany ;ad arma, to call to arms, :*?. ; vasa, to give 
the signal for packing up baggage before a march, 
Caes. ; with ace and infin., vos universi una 
mente atque voce iteruin a me conaervatam esse 
rempublicam conclainastis, Cic. ; with ut and 
the sub), to demand loudly; conclamaverunt, uti 
aliqui exnostris ad colloquium prodirent, Caes; 
with indirect question, conclainavit, quid ad se 
venirent, Caes. ; esp. a, of a shout of joy; ad 
quorum casum quum conclamasset gaudio Al- 
banus exercitus, Liv. ; with ace, couclamare 
victoriam, Caes.; b, of a cry of grief, aliquem 
couclamare, to bewail the death of some one, Yerg. ; 
2, to call together; couclamare socios, Ov. 

conclave -is, n. (coin and clavis), a rooi/i, 
chamber, a dining-room, a bedroom, Cic. 

conclude -cliisi -clusum, 3. (com and eludn 
= claudo). A. Lit. to shut up, inclose, confine- 
bestias delectationis causa, Cic. ; mare concln 
um, an inland sea, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to in- 
clude, compress, confine; aliquem in angustis- 
simam formulam sponsionis concludere, Cic. ; 
quartus dies hoc libro concluditur, is comprised, 
Cic ; 2, to bring to an end; epistolum, Cic. ; 
perorationem inflamniantem restinguentemve 
concludere, Cic. ; 3, rhet. to close rhythmically, 
to round, off in a period; sententias, Cic. ; 4, 
philosoph. t. t. to bring to a conclusion, to argue, 
infer; deinde concludebas sumnium malum esse 
dolorein, Cic; absol., argumenta ratione. con- 
cludentia, reasonable, logical proofs, Cic. 

concluse, adv. (conclusus, from coucludo), 
with well-turned periods; concluse apteque dic- 
ere, Cic. 

conclusio -onis. f. (coucludo). A. Lit. a 
shutting, closing, and in military language, a 
blockade, Caes. B. Transf. a close, conclusion; 
a, conclusio muneris ac negotii tui, Cic. ; b, 
rhet. t. t., conclusion of a speech, peroration; 
conclusio est exitus et determinatio totius ora- 
tionis, Cic; c, a period; verboruin quaedam 
ad nunierum conclusio, Cic; d, phuosoph. t. t. 
conclusion in a syllogism, consequence; rationis, 
Cic 

conclusiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of conclusio), 
a foolish inference, paltry conclusion ; contortulae 
quaedam et minutulae conclusiunculae, Cic. 

conooenatio -onis, f., v. concenatio. 

concolor -oris, similar in colour; humerus, 
Ov. ; with dat., concolor est illis, Ov. 

concoquo -coxi -coctuin, 3. L Lit to boil 
together, Lucr. II. to digest.- A. Lit., cibuin, 
Cic. B. Transf., a, tobear, endure, stomach; ut 
eius ista odia non sorl>eain solum sed etiam 
concoquam, Cic ; aliquem senatorem (as senator) 
non concoquere, Liv. ; b, to consider maturely, 
deliberate upon; tibi diu concoquendum est 
utrum, etc, Cic ; clandestina concocta sunt 
consilia, have been concocted, Liv. 

1. concordla -ae, f. (concors), agreement, 
union, harmony, concord, friendship, sympathy. 
I. Lit., concordiam reconciliare, Liv.; concordi- 
am conflrmare cum aliqno, Cic ; concordiam 
conglutinare, Cic; concordiam constituere, Cic ; 
meton., et cum Pirithoo felix concordia Theseus, 
wie heart and mind, Ov. II. Transf., harmony, 
sympathy ; concordia discors, Ov. 

2. Concordia -ae, f. the goddess Concord, to 



eon 



118 



0011 



whom several temples in Rome were dedicated, 
in one of which the senate frequently held its 
sittings, Cic 

concord iter, adv., with compar. and 
snperl. (eoncors), harmoniously, with concord, 
amicably ; concordissime vivere cumnliqiio, Cic. 

concordo, 1. (eoncors), to agree, he in 
union; quum animi judicia opinioneaque con- 
cordant; with dat., concordant carmina nervis, 
Ov. 

eoncors -dis, adj. with compar. and snperl. 
(com and cor), oj one mind or opinion, con- 
conlant, agreeing, .harmonious ; 'tratrei concord- 
Issiini, Cic; Concordes animae, Verg. ; of inani- 
mate' objects, moderatus et cohcoi-s eivitatis 
status, Cic. 

concrebresco -briii, 3. to increase, Verg. 

concredo -didi -ditiun, 3. to intrust, commit 
to; rem et famam suain coinmendare et concred- 
ere alicui, Cic. 

concremo, 1. to bury, up, burn entirely; 
omnia tecta, Liv. 

concrepo -iii, 1. I. Intransit. to rattle, 
creak, clash, grate; scabilla concrepant, Cic ; 
concirepuere arma, Liv. ; armis conerepat nralti- 
tudo, Caes. ; exercitus gladiis ad scuta concrep- 
uit, Liv. ; si digitis concrepuerit, at the least 
sign, Cic IX. Transit, to rattle, strike upon; 
aera, Ov. 

concresco -crevi -cretum. A. Gen. to 
become stiff, to congeal, curdle, harden; lac, Verg.; 
aer, Cic. ; nive pminaque concre.scit aqua, Cic ; 
frigore sanguis, Verg. ; quum claram specicm 
concreto lumine luna alxlidit, with darkened 
light, Cic B. to grow, collect, increase, be formed; 
aut simplex est natura animantis ant concreta 
est ex pluribus naturis, Cic. ; de ten-is terra m 
concrescere parvis, Lucr. (inlhi. perf. syncop. 
concresse, Oy.). 

concretio -onis, f. (concresco), 1, a growing 
together, congealing, condensing ; corporum, Cic. ; 
2, materiality, matter; mortalis, Cic. 

concretus -a -urn p. adj. (from concresco), 
thickened, congealed, condensed, stiffened; glacies, 
Liv. ; lac, Verg. ; dolor, hard, tearless, Ov. 

concrucio, 1. to torture violently, Lucr. 

conciibina -ae, f. (concubo), a concubine. 

concublnatus -us, m. (concubinns), concu- 
bhwge, Plaut. 

concubinus -i, m. a man living in a state 
of concubinage, Tac. . . 

concubitus -us, m. (concubo), 1, lying to- 
gether (at table), Prop. ; 2, copulation, Cic 

concubium -ii, n. (concubin3), noctis, the 
dead of night, the time at which nwiarein deep 
sleep, Plant. . .... 

COncublUS -a -nm (concumbo), relating to 
sleep, found only in the phrase concnbla nocte, 
at the time of men's first sleep, at dead of night, 
Cic. 

concubo, 1. = concumbo (q.y.). 

conculco, 1. (com and calco). A. to tread, 
trample under foot, Cato. B. Transf., to misuse, 
to despise; miseram Ituliam, Cic; Macedonicam 
lauream, Cic. 

concumbo -cubui -ciibltum, 3. (com and 
* cuinbo), to lie with, have intercourse with, Ov. 

concupisco -pivi or -pii -pitum, 3. (com and 
cupio), to desire eagerly, covet, to endeai'our after, 
aim at ; eandem mortem gloriosani, Cic. ; signa, 
tabulas, supellectilem, vestem infinite, Cic. ; 
with infin.,4ucere aliquam injpatrimonium, Cic. 

concurro -cbrri (rarely -cucurri) -cursum, 
8. L to run together, come together, flock to one 



spot; tota' Italia concurret, Cic; ad arma, 
Caes. ; ad curiam, Cic. ; ad me restitn'endum 
Romam, Cic. II. 1, a, to meet together ; ut neve 
aspere (verba) concurrerent neve vastius diduc- 
antur, Cic; eoncurrit dextera laeva, of-clap- 
ping the hands for applause, llor. ; b", to hopi-en 
at the same time; quae ut concurrant omnia, 
optabile est, Cic. ; 2, a, to run, dash, strike: 
tooHher; ne prorae concurrerent, Liv. ; b, to 
. I conflict, attack, engage; concurrant equites 
iiite, se, Caes. ; omnia ventornm concurrere 
proelia vidi, Verg. ; cum acie legionuin recta 
fronte, Liv.; with dat., . concurrere equitibus, 
Liv. ; adversus aliquem, Liv. ; in aliquem, .Sail. ; 
transf., eonourrentis belli minae, war on iht 
point of breaking out, Tac. 

concursatfo -onis", f. (concurso), a running 
together,- coiicourse ; 1 of persons, a, pueroiniii, 
Cic. ; b, going round ; concursatio regis a De- 
metriade nunc Lamiam in concilium Aetolorum 
nunc Chalcidem, Liv.; c, skirmishing of light 
troojv, Liv. ; 2, of things without life, somnior- 
um, Cic. 

concursator -oris, m. (concurso), a skir- 
misher (opp. statarius), Liv. 

concursio -onis, f. (concurro), 1, a running 
together, concourse; atoniorum, Cic. ; 2, a figure 
of 'speech, in which the same xoord is frequently re- 
pealed (Gr. cn7i7rAo/oj), Cic. 

concurso, 1. I. Intransit. to run about, 
rush hither and thither; 1, of persons, a, tuni 
trepidare et concursare, Caes. ; dies noctesquej 
Cic; b, to skirmish; inter saxa rupesque, Liv.; 
C, to travel about (esp. of the magistrates of pro- 
vinces), to make official visits, Cic; 2, of things,, 
ignes concursant, Lucr. II. Transit, to visit; 
omnes fere domos omnium, Cic. 

o i cursus -us, m. (concui-ro). I. a run n inn' 
toyether, concourse; 1, concursushoniinum in for-' 
um, Cic; facere, to cause a tumult or concourse; 2,- 
of abstractions, union; honestissimornm studi-- 
orum, co-operation in, Cic II. A. « striking to- 
gether, meeting; corpusculormn, Cic; verborunv 
Cic B. a dashing together; 1, navium, Caes., a 
hostile encounter ; conenrsus utriusque exercitus, 
Caes.; 2, fig., non posse sustinere concursum om- 
nium philosophorum, Cic. ; 3, of disasters, con* 
cursus calamitatum, attack, Cic. 

concussus, abl. -u, m. (conditio), a shak- 
ing, concussion, Lucr. 

concutio -cussi -cussum, 3. I, to shake vio- 
lently, agitate. A. Gen,, a, lit., caput, Ov. ; 
terra concussa motu est, Liv.; b, transf., te 
ipsum concute, search, examine yourself, Hor. 
B. a, to shatter, disturb, impair; rempublicain, 
Cic; b, toa'.arm, trouble; terrorem nietuin con- 
cutientem definiuut, Cic. ; casu concussus acer- 
bo, Verg.; c, to urge, excite; pectus, -Verg.. C. 
to strike together,' framcus, Tac. ' '' '■ 

condecet, 2., impers. it is proper, fit, -decent; 
capies quod te condecet, Plant.' 

condecoro, 1, to adorn carefully; ludos 
scenicos, Ter. 

con rtemnator -oris, m. (condemno), an ac- 
cusi r, Tac. • . • 

condemno, 1. (com and damno). I. Of a 
judge, to condemn, sentence. A. Lit., - C>o. ; 
with genit., of the crime, aliquem injuriarum. 
Cic. ; of the punishment, capitis, Cic. ; with de, 
aliquem de alea, Cic. ; with abl. of the penalty, 
denis millibus aeris, Liv. B. a, to accuse; ali- 
quem impudentiae, Cic; b, to disapprove; 
tuum factum non esse condemnation judicio 
amicorum, Cic. II. Of an accuser, to urge or 
effect the condemnation of a person ; condemnare 
aliquem uno hoc crimine, Cic. 



con 



110 



con 



Condenseo = condenso (q.v.). 

condonso, 1. to make thiol:, press close to- 
gether, Varr. 

condensus -a -um, dense, thick; puppes 
litore, Verg. ; vallis arboribus condensa, Liv. 

OOndlCO -dixi -dictum, 1, to make arrange- 
ment with, agree to, fix, appoint, settle; diem, 
Plaut. ; 2, condicere alicui, to invite oneself as a 
guest, Cic. 

condignus -a -um, quite worthy, very worthy; 
douuin, Plaut. 

condlmentum -i, n. (condio), spice,.season- 
ing,-suuce, coniHment. A. Bit; cibi coiidimentum 
est fames, potionis sitis, Cic." B. -Transf.", facet- 
iae omnium se.rmonum condimenta, Cic. ; seve- 
ritas aMcumsvJBulti* fondinientis Hnihafiitatla 
mitigativr, Cic. - i;- • • 

COndlO'-Ivi oi" -i i -Itum", "4." to pickle,' to pre- 
serve. A. Lit. a, in wine or vinegar, oleas, 
Cato ; b, in spice, to make savoury; herbas, 
Cic. ; . hence, c. unguenta, to make fragrant. 
Cic. ; c, to embalm ; mortuos, Cic. B. Transf. 
to season, ornament, make pleasant; orationem, 
Cic. ; to soften, temper; tristitiam temporum, 

condiscipula -ae, f. a female schoolfellow, 
Mart. 

condisclpulus -i, m. a schoolfelloxo, Cic. 

condisco -didlci, 3. to learn thoroughly; 
modos, Hor. ; with infin., miliipaulo diligentius 
supplicare, Cic. 

1. conditio -ouis (condio), 1, pickling or pre- 
serving of fruits, Cic; 2, a seasoning, making 
savoury; ciborum, Ov. , 

2. conditio -onis, f.- (condo), 1, state, con- 
dition, external position, place, circumstances; in- 
fima servornm, Cic. ; ea conditione nati sumus 
ut, etc., Cic. ; conditio imperii, Cic. ; parem 
cum ceteris fortunae conditionem subire, Cic. ; 
2, o condition, stipxdation, provision, proviso; 
non respuit conditionem, Caes. ; conditionem 
aequissimamrepudiare, Cic. ; conditionem accip- 
ere, Cic. ; hac, ea, ista conditione, his condi- 
tionibus, on these terms, Cic. ; armis conditione 
positis, under conditions of peace, Cic. ; 3, .esp. 
conditions of marriage, marriage contract, mar- 
riage; and meton. the person married; aliam 
conditionem quaerere, Cic. ; conditionem filiae 
quaerere, Liv. ; nnllius conditionis non habere 
potestatem, Nep. ; in a bad sense, a gallant, 
paramour, Cic. 

conditor -oris, m. (cpndo), a founder, maker, 
contriver, composer, author; Romanae. arcis, 
Verg. ; Romanae libertatis, Liv. ; conditor et 
instructor con vivii, Cic; conditor, Romani anni, 
chronicler, Ov. ' 

cbnditdrium -ii, n. (condo), the place in 
which a corpse or its ashes are preserved, Suet. 

1. conditus -a -um, partic of condo. 

2. conditus -a -um, p. adj., with conipar. 
(from condio), tr'TiiH, s",yf"'-r>/ I. Lit. con- 
dition liaec facitvenatio, Cic II. Transf. sea- 
soned, ornamented; oratio lepore et festivitato 
conditior, Cic. . ■ . 

condo -dldi -dltum, 3. I. a. to mit tojjefhr.r. 
form, establish; urbciu Romam, Cic. ; Romaiiam 
gentem, Verg. ; collegium ad id novum, Liv. ; 
b, to compose, write; carmen, Cic ; leges, Liv. ; 
hence, to celebrate in song; tristia bella, Verg. ; 
Caesaris acta, Ov. II. toputin: A; "to thrust, 
press in ; ensem in pectus, Ov. B. 1, to prtserve, 
collect; pecuniam, Cic. ; litteras publicas in sanc- 
tiore aerario conditas habere, Cic. ; aliquid domi 
suae conditum jam putare, Cic. ; so esp. a, of 
wine, fruits, etc. to store up; frumentum, Cic. ; 
fig., bonum in visceribus medullisque, Cic. ; of 



fruits, to preserve, pickle; cornaconditain liquid* 
faece, Ov. ; b, of persons, to hide; se deaerto in 
litore, Verg.; to put, place; aliquem in carcerem, 
Cic. ; c, to bury; aliquem in sepulcro, Cic; 2, «. 
transf., in causis conditae (hidden);, sunt res 
futurac, Cic; 3, a, to withdraw from sight; 
caput inter nubila, Verg. ; of persons, condere 
diem, to pass the day; longos soles cantando, 
Verg. ; b, to conceal, to cover; caelum umbra, 
Verg. ; transf., iram, Tac 

condoccfacio -feci -factum, 3 (condoceo 
and facio), to.traiiii instruct, teach ; -\>elni&,- Civ. ; * 
animuni, Cic. .. . — .-.. ._• 

1 condolesco -dfllui (cow and doleo), 3. . to 
~ suffer severely! ta feel pain, to pain; si pes con- 
doluit, si tie ns,. Cic;; latns. ei diceuti cojido- 
liiissc, Cic. ' •" . ... ... . _ •' 

4» condonatio -onis, . f. (condono), a giving 
away; bonorum possessiouumque, Cic.' •• 

condono, 1., 1, a, to give away, present; 
agros suis latronibusj Cic. ; consuli tbtam 
Achaiam.Cic. ; of the praetor, alicui hereditatem, 

. . to award the inheritance, Cic. ; b, to give up to, 
sacri fice t o ; so vitamque suam reipublieae, Sail. ; 
"cbndonari libidini muliebri, Cic. ; 2, a, to for give , 
uJLitiit; pecunias creditas debitoribus, Cic ; b, 
]ience 1 pi nyr.vl.nn k. forgive a lim it ; alicui crimen, . 
Cic; to forgive an injury for the sake of a third 
party; praeterita se Divitiaco fratri condonare 
dicit, Caes. 

Condrusi -orum, m. a German people in 
Gallia Belgica. 

conducibilis -e (conduco), profitable, useful; 
consilium ad earn rem, Plaut. 
' conduco -duxi -ductuin, 3. I. Transit. A. 
to bring or lew^Jogetker, collect; a, of persons, 
exercitum in uimm locum, Caes. ; virgines ununi 
in locum, Cic. :^b, of things, to bring together, 
wu {e. r connect ; partes in unum, Lucr. ; vincas, 
Cic. ; cortice ramos, Ov. ; transf., propositionein, 
et assumptionem in unum, Cic. B. .to hii e, 
a. of persons, aliquem mercede, Cic ; consulem 
ad caedem faciendam, Cic. ; esp. milit. 1. 1. to 
hire , wldiers ; homines, Caes. ; milites Gallo3 
mercede, Hiv. ; b, of things, to hire for use (opp. 
locare), domum, hortum, Cic ; esp. to farm the 
taxes ; portorium, Cic. ; c, to undertake, contract 
for; columnam faciendam, Cic. II. Intransit. 
to be of use, to profit, to serve, Cic. ; with dat, . 
quae saluti tuae conducere arbitror, Cic. ; with, 
ad and the ace, ad vitae coinmoditatem, Cic. ; 
with ace. and infin., hoc maxiine reipublicao, 
conducit Syriam Macedoniamque decerni, Cic. 

conducticius -a '-um (conduco), hired; ex- 
ercitus, mercenary, Nep. ... 

oonductio -onis, f. (conduco), 1, a bringing 
together, uniting, recapitulation,- Cic ; %,-hiring, 
farming ; fundi, Cic. - , . - . . . . ■ ■ 

■«■ conductor -oris, m. (conduco), 1; one who. 
hires; niercedeshabitatioauraaunuas conductor- 
ibus donare, Caes. ; -2, a- contractor.; j>peris r CiCi. 

conductus -a -um, partic of conduce. 

conduplico, 1. to double; divitiaa, Liter. 
'* conduro, 1. to harden , make quite Itard '; ^ 
ferrum, Lucr. " *?— - ' 

conocto, conexio, v. conuecto, connexio. 

conesto, v. cohonesto. 
- confabulor, 1., dep. to talk, converse, Plaut. 

confarreatio -onis, f. (confarreo), an an- 
cient atvd solemn form of the marriage ceremony 
atiwng the Romans, in which panis farrens was 
used, Plin. 

confarreo, 1. (com and far), to marry by the 
ceremony of confarreatio ; patricios confarreatia 
parentibus genitus, Tac, 



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COnfatalls -e, determined by fate, Cic 
confeotio -onis, f. (conficio), 1, a, a making 
ready, prepaj-ation, producing, composing, com- 
pleting; lmius libri, Cic; l>elli, Cic; h, exaction; 
trihuti, Cic ; 2, consumption, esravum, Cic ; 
Yalefudinis, wecdceniny, Cic 

confector -Oris, in. (conficio), 1, one who 
pre/mrcx, completes, finishes ; negotiorum, Cic; 

2, a destroyer, consumer; confector et consumptor 
omnium ignis, Cic. 

oonfercio -fersi -fertutn, 4. (com and farcio), 
to press close together, compress, cram together; 
coufertae naves, Liv. 

confero, contnll, collatum (eonlltum), con- 
ferre. I. to bring together, collect; 1, a, lit, 
Rarcinas in imum locum, Caps. ; b, transf., con- 
feramns igitnt in panrat, Cic ; 2, to bring together 
money, contribute; tributa quotannis ex censu, 
Cic. ;quadragenatalentaquotannis Delum, Nep. ; 

3, to unite, to join, connect; vires in unum, Liv. ; 

4, to place together or near; a, lit. (a) in a 
friendly manner, capita, Cic. ; gradum, Verg. ; 
(fi) us inilit. t. t, to bring into hostile contact or 
collision; Galli cum Fontejo ferrum ac manus 
contulerunt, Cic. ; pedem cum pede, or conferre 

Jiedem, to fight foot to foot, Liv., Cic. ; signa con- 
erre, to engage, Cic. ; so viro vir contulit, man 
fought with man, Verg. ; absol., mecum confer, 
ait, fight with me, Ov. ; cmferre lites, to contend, 
Hor. ; b, transf., of speech, to interchange, ex- 
change, uisciiss ; sermonem cum aliquo, Cic. ; con- 
silia, Lift ; turn si quid res feret, coram confer- 
emiis, Cic. ; 5, to compare; Gallicum cum German- 
orum agro, Cats. ; cum illius vita P. Sullae 
vobis notissimam, Cic. ; parva magnis, Cic 
II, to bring to a place; 1, to remove, transfer; 
a, lit., suas rationes et copias in illam provinc- 
iain, Cic. ; esp., se conferre ; to betake oneself, 
flee; se in astu, Cic; b, transf (o) se conferre, 
to devote oneself, join oneself to ; conferre se ad 
pontiflcemScaevolam, Cic ; se ad studium scrib- 
endi, Cic. ; (fi) to pvt off, postpone ; aliquid in 
longiorem diem, Caes.; 2, to apply; a, lit.. 
pecuniam ad beneficentiam, Cic; b, transf. (a) 
of thoughts, etc., to direct, vse; curam ad philo- 
sophiam, Cic; (fi) to hand over ; rem ad aliqnem, 
Cic. ; (y) to impute, attribute ; pennulta in Plan- 
cium quae ab eo dicta non sunt, Cic. ; culpam 
inaliqueru,Cic; (i)confert, it isprofitable, Quint. 
confertim, adv. (confertus), densely, thickly, 
compactly; pugnare, Liv. 

confertus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (confercio), 1, closely compressed, dense 
(opp. rarus) ; coniertae naves, Liv. ; confertis- 
sima turba,'Liv. ; conferti milites, in close for- 
mation, Caes.; 2, with abl., full of; ingenti 
turba co'nferta templa, Liv. ; transf., vita, plena 
et conferta voluptatibus, Cic 

confervefacio, 3. to make very hot, to melt, 
Lucr. 

confervesoo -ferbui, 3. to begin to boil, begin 
to glow; transf., niea quum conferbuit ira, Hor. 

confessio -<"inis, f. (confiteoi), a confession, 
acJ.nowledgment ; errati sui, Cic. ; captae pecun- 
iae, Cic ; adducere aliqueiu ad ignorationis con- 
fessionem, Cic ; exprimere ab aliquo confessi- 
onem culpne, Liv. ; eaeratconfessio caput rerum 
Hxi'inin esse, Liv. 

confessus -a -um (partic of conflteor, with 
pass, meaning), undoubted, acknowledged, certain; 
res manifesto, confessa, Cic; hence, ex confesso, 
confessedly, Quint. ; in confesso esse, Tac. ; in 
confessum venire, to be generally acknowledged, 
universally known, Plin. 

confestim, adv., immediately, without delay; 
confestim hue advolare, Cic. ; confestim cou- 
sequi, Cic; patres consulere, Liv. 



conffciens -entis, p. adj. (from coniloio), 
that which causes, effects, effecting, efficient; causae, 
Cic; with genit., cum civitate mini res est acer- 
lima el. couficientissiina litteramm, that notes 
down everything carefully, Cic 

conficio -feci -fectum, 3. (com and facio), 
to make together, hence, I. to finish, make ready, 
bring about, accomplish ; 1, a, soccos sua 
manu, Cic; litteras, Cic; sacra, Cic; tantum 
facinus, Cic ; belluin, Cic; his rebus confectis, 
Caes.; b, of business, to conclude a bargain or 
transaction; negotium ex sententia, Cic; rem 
sine pugna et sine vulnere, Caes. ; fraetioiies, 
Cic; pretiura, settle the price, Cic; absol., con- 
flee cum Apella de columnis, settle, arrange, 
Cic ; c, of a Journey, to bring to an end ; envs- 
um, Cic; c iter ex sententia, Cic; iiicredihili 
oeleritate magnum spatium paucis dietms, Cic. ; 
d, of time, to complete ; prope centum confecisj.se 
annos, Cic ; extreinum vitoe diem morte, Cic ; 
nondum hieme confecta, Caes.; 2, a, to procure; 
permagnam ex ilia re pecuniam contici posse, 
Caes. ; fiumentum, Liv. ; milit. t. t., to get sol- 
diers ; reliquas legiones, quas ex novo delect u 
confecerat, Cic. ; exercitus maximos, Cic. ; trib- 
um suam necessariis, to gain over, Cic; b, to 
produce, cause; (a) alicui reditum, procun, Cic. ; 
motus aniinnrum, Cic; (fi) philosoph. t. t, to 
prove; ex quo conflcitnr ut, etc., it follows from 
this, Cic II. 1, to consume ; a, of food, etc (a) to 
chew, eat ; eseas,Cic; plures jam pavonesconfeci, 
quam tu pullos columbines, Cic ; (fi) to digest ; 
confectus et consumptus cibus, Cic. ; b, to 
waste, destroy; patrimonium suum, Cic; 2, 
to destroy, kill ; liaec sica nuper ad regiam me 
paene confecit, Cic ; 3, to subdue; Britanniaiu, 
Cic. ; 4, to weaken ; a, vitae cupiditas, quae me 
conficit angoribus, Cic. ; often in pass., conlici 
fame, frigore, lacrimis, curis, dolore, Cic ; con- 
fectus macie et squalore, Cic; vulneribus, Caes.; 
b, of states, praevalentis populi vires se ipse 
cmiticiunt, Liv. 

conflctio -onis, f. (conflngo), a fabrication, 
invention; ciiminis, Cic. 

oonfidens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from confido), confident, self-reliant, 
gen. in a bad sense, shameless, impudent, Cic. 

conf identer, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(confidens), boldly, confidently ; conlidentius dic- 
ere, Cic. 

confidentia -ae, f. (confidens), a, confi- 
dence ; confidentiam afferre hominibus, ap. Cic. ; 
b, more frequently, impudence, boldness, shume- 
lessness ; confidentia et temeritas tua, Cic. 

confido -fisus sum (confidi(?), Liv.), 3. to 
trust, be assured, confide; a, absol., nimis con- 
fidere, Cic; b, with dat, sibi, Cic; c, with abl., 
milituui virtute non satis, Cic. ; d, with de, de 
salute urbis, Caes. ; e, with ace and infin., to 
believe firmly ; id ita futurum esse confido, Cic. 

configo -fixi -fixnni, 3. 1, to fasten together, 
nail together ; transtra clavis feneis, Caes.; 2, to 
pierce through, transfix with a weapon; a, lit., 
tilios suos sagittis, Cic; b, transf., ducentis 
confixus senatus consnltis, Cic 

confindo, 3. to cleave asunder, Tib. 

conflngo -finxi -fictum, 3. 1, to construct; 
nidos, Plin. ; 2. to fabricate, feign, invent; 
crimen incredibile, Cic. ; crimina in aliquem, 
Cic. 

conf mis -e. A. Lit., having the same bound- 
ary, conterminous, adjacent, near; confines 
erant hi Senonibus, Caes. ; caput confinis coilo, 
Ov. Subst., confinis -is, m. a neighbour. Mart. 
B. Transf., nearly allied, similar; studio con- 
finia carmina vestro, Ov. 

coiifinium -n, n. (confinis). A. Lit, a 



con 



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con 



confine, common boundary, limit, border (of 
countries or estates); Treviroruni, Caes. ; oon- 
venict in oiuiii re contrahenda vieinitatibus et 
coulluiis acqitum et facileui esse, Cic. B. 
Transf., the bordering line, nearness, close con- 
nexion; conliuia noctis, twilight, Ov.; breve 
conftuium artis et falsi, Tac. 

conflrmatio -onis, f. (confirmo), a, an 
establishing, making firm ; conflrmatio perpetuac 
libcrtatis, Cic; b, esp., consolation, encourage- 
ment, support ; nequc enini contirmatione nostra 
cgebat virtus tua, Cic. ; c, confirming or veri- 
fying a fact; perfugae, Caes. ; d, rhet t. t., ad- 
ducing «/ proofs, Cic. 

confirmator -oris, m. (confirmo), one who 
confirms, establislies ; pecuniae, a surety, Cic. 

conflrmatus -a -urn, p. adj. with coinpar. 
and superb (from confirmo), 1, encouraged, em- 
boldened; satis certus et contirmatus animus, 
Cic; 2, certain, credible; in quibus (litteris) 
erat conlirmatius idem illud, Cic. 

conflrmo, 1. I. Lit., to establish, make firm, 
confirm, strengthen ; hoc nervos confirmari put- 
ant, Caes. ; valetudinein, to recover health, Cic ; 
se contirmare, to recover strength, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., to strengthen, make lasting; 
pauem, Cic; consilia, to support, Caes.; confirm- 
atis rebus, firmly established, Caes. ; se trans- 
marinis auxiliis, Caes.; polit. t. t, to ratify; 
acta Caesaris, Cic. B. Esp. a, to confirm persons 
in allegiance, etc.; jurejurando inter se, Caes. ; b, 
to strengthen, encourage; contirmare et excitare 
ufflictos animos, Cic. ; edge te et con Pinna, take 
Murage ; amnios Gallorum verbis, Caes.; c, to 
confirm or establish the truth of an assertion ; 
nostra argumcutis ac rationibus, Cic. ; d, to 
affirm, assert positively; id onme ego me rei 
publicae causa suscepisse confirmo, Cic. 

confisco, 1. (com and fiscus), 1, to lay up, 
preserve in a chest, Suet. ; 2, to appropriate to 
the imperial treasury, to confiscate, Suet. 

conf isio -onis, f. (confido), confidence, assur- 
ance; f'.dentia, id est firma aniini contisio, Cic. 

confiteor -fessus sum, 2. dep. (com and 
fateor). I. Lit., to confess, allow, acknow- 
ledge; with ace, hoc crimen, Cic; with ace 
and dat, amorem mitrici, Ov. ; with double 
ace, se victos, Caes.; with ace. and infln., 
inulta se ignorare, Cic. ; with de, aliquid de 
vcucno, Cic. Partic. perf., confessus, a, 
act., having confessetl; quiuque homines com- 
prehensi atque confessi, Cic. ; b, pass., con- 
fessed, acknowledged; quam improbam, quam 
manif'estam, quam confessam rem pecunia re- 
dimere conetur, Cic. II. Transf., to reveal, 
make known; se, Ov.; deam, as a goddess, Verg. 
cenflagro, 1. to be destroyed by fire, to be 
burnt up. A. Lit., classis praedonuiu incendio 
conflagrabat, Cic; fig., amoris (lamina, Cic. ; in- 
cendio inviiliac, Cic. B. Transf., conflagrare 
iuvidia, to fall a victim to hatred, Cic 

conftictlo -onis, f. (confiigo), a striking to- 
gether, collision, a conflict, combat; transf., caus- 
aruin, Cic. 

conflicto, 1. (intens. of confiigo), to strike 
together violently ; thus pass., a, to combat with, 
contend with; conflictari cum adversa fortuna, 
Xep. ; conflictari cum aliquo, Cic; b, conflictari 
aliqua re, to be grievously troubled, to suffer se- 
verely, to be harassed, tormented; iiiiquissimis 
verbis, Cic; magna inopia necessarian um rerum, 
Caes. ; duriore fortuna, Cic. 

QonfiiCtUS -lis, in. (confiigo), a striking to- 
gether; lapidum, Cic. 

confiigo -flixi -flictum, 3. I. Transit., to 
■frike. bring, join together; corpora, Lucr.; 



transf., to bring together in order to compare; 
factum adversavii cum scripto, Cic. II. In- 
transit., a, to strike together; illae (naves) 
graviter inter se ineitatae confiixcrunt, Caes.; 
b, to struggle, fight, conteiul; cum hoste, Cic; 
contra or adversus aliquem, Nep. 

conno, 1. I. to blow together, to blow up, to 
kindle. A. Lit, quorum opera id conflatum 
incendiuin, Liv. B. Transf., to excite; seditionem, 
Cic. II. to melt. A. Lit., a, of metals, Phn. ; 
falces in enses, to forge, Verg. ; b, of money, to 
coin ; aut flare aut conflare pecuniam, Cic B. 
Transf., a, to unite; horum consensus con- 
spirans et paene conflatus, Cic. ; b, to rivet 
together, forge, produce ; ut una ex duabus ua- 
turis conflata videatur, Cic; c, to get together; 
exercitus perditorum civium claudestiuo scelere 
conflatus, Cic. ; d, to forge, invent; crimen, Cic; 
alicui periculum, Cic ; e, to brood over, meditate; 
judicia domi conflabant, pronuutiabant in foro, 
Liv. ,. 

confliions -entis or confluentes -mm, ni. 
the confluence or place of junction of two rivers ; 
Mosae et Rheni, Caes. 

confluo -fluxi, 3. A. to flow together; in 
unuin, Cic. ; a conflucnte Rhodano castra movi, 
from the confluence of the Rhone with the Arar, 
ap. Cic. B. Transf., a, of a crowd, to stream or 
flock together ; Athenas, Cic. ; ad haec studia, 
Cic. ; b, of abstractions, ad ipsos laus, honos, 
dignitas eonfluit, Cic. 

confodio -fodi -fossum, 3. a, to dig tho- 
roughly ; hortum, Plaut. ; b, to stab, pierce, 
ivound ; jacentem, Liv. ; (Ciceronem) de im- 
proviso domi suae, Sail. ; fig., tot judiciis con- 
fossi praedanniatique, Liv. 

conformatio -onis, f. (conforuio). A. Lit., 
a form, shape/ fciiting, conformation ; lineament- 
orum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, gen., vocis, expres- 
sion; verboium, arrangement, Cic; 2, osp., a, 
philosoph. t. t., conformatio aniini, or simply 
conforniatio, an idea, Cic; b, in rhct. t. t., a 
figure of speech, Cic. 

conformo, 1. to form symmetrically, form, 
arrange. A. Lit, mundum a natura conform- 
atum esse, Cic; ad majora quaedam nos 
natura genuit et conforu.uvit, Cic. B. Transf., 
to arrange fittingly ; vocem secundum rationem 
rerum, Cic; se ad voluntatein alicuius, Cic. 
confossus -a -urn, partic. of confodio. 
confragosus -a -um, rugged, uneven; loca, 
via, Liv.; neut. plur. assubst., uneven places, Liv. 
confremo -fremiii, 3. to murmur, roar, make 
a loud noise; confremuere omues, Ov. 

confrico -frlcui -fiicatum, 1. to rub; caput 
atque os suum unguento, Cic. 

confringo -fregb -fractum, 3. (com and 
frango). A. Lit., to break in two, break in pieces; 
digitos, Cic B. Transf., to destroy, bring to 
naught ; consilia senatoria, Cic. 

confuglo -fiigi, 3. A. Lit,, to fly to, take 
refuge ; ad aliquem, ad or in arani, Cic. ; in 
naves, Caes. B. Transf., a, ad alicuius miseri- 
cordiani, Cic. ; ad opein .judicum, Cic. ; b, to 
have recourse to; patrias ad artes, Ov. ; confugit 
illuc ut ncget, etc., Cic. 

confugium -li, n. (confugio), a place of re- 
fuge, Ov. 

confulcio -fultus, 4. to prop vp, Lucr. 
confundo -fudi -fusum, 3. I. to pour to- 
gether, mingle, mix. A. Lit,, cum alicuius lacrimis 
lacrimas confumlere nostras, Ov.; quum ignis 
oculornm cum eo igni qui est ob os otl'usus se 
confudit et eontulit, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to i >i 
together ; tanta multitudine confusa, Cars. ■ 
populi confusi in unura, Liv, \ ea pliilosopiiifl 



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quae confundit vera cum falsis, Cic. ; in hnc 
confusa et universa defensione, complicated, 
Cic. ; 2, a, to conjiist, throw into disorder ; aigna 
et ordines pedltum atque equituin, Liv. ; jura 
gentium, Liv. ; particular minutas primum con- 
fusas, postea in ordinem adductas a mente 
divina. Cic; b, (a) to obscure; vultum Lunae, 
Ov. ; (p) to confuse, trouble, disturb; confusa 
pndore, Ov. ;-ntidientium-animos,'Liv. ; macroro 
recenti confusus, Liv. II. to pmt/r into; cruor 
confusus. in fossaui, Ilor. ; per quns lapsus 
cibus in cam venam confunditur, Cic. ; transf., 
est hoc quidem in tntani orationem confundend- 
um, nee ininirae in extreinam, Cic. 

confuse, adv. with compar. (confusus), con- 
fusedly, in a disorderly manner ; loqui, Cic. 

confiisic -Onis, f. (confuudo), 1, a mixture, 
union, connexion; haec eonjunctio coufusioque 
yirtutum,Cic; 2, a,, confusion, disorder; suffrag- 
ioruin, voting not in the centuries, but man by 
man, Cic; religionum, Cic; b, oris, blushing, 
Tac. 

confusus -a -uin, p. adj., with compar. and 
suporl. (confuudo), a, disorderly, confused; ita 
confusa est oratio, ita perturbata, nihil ut sit 
primum, niliil secundum, Cic; strages, Verg. ; 
b, confused in appearance; vultus, Liv.; con- 
fusus auimo, Liv. 

confuto, 1. to cluck the boiling of a liquid; 
henco transf., a, to check, repress; niaximis 
doloribus atfectus eos ipsos inventorum suorum 
nicinoria et recordatioue confutat, Cic. ; b, esp. 
by speecli, to put down, silence, overthrow; aud- 
aciam alicuius, Cic. ; argunienta Stoicorum, 
Cic. 

congelo, 1. I. Transit., to freeze thoroughly. 
A. Lit., Mart B. Transf., to harden, thicken; 
rictus in lapidem, Ov. II. Int.iansit., to freeze; 
Istor congelat, Ov. ; fig., congelasse nostrum 
ninicuin laetnbar otio, had become inactive, Cic 

congemino, 1. to double, redouble; ictus 
crcbros ensibus, Verg. 

congomo -gOmui, 3. I. Intransit., to sigh 
or groan loudly; congemuit senatus frequens, 
Cic II. Transit., to bewail, lament; mortem, 
Lucr. 

conger and gonger -gri, m. (yo-vpos), a sea 
or conger eel, Ov, 

1 congeries -ei, f. (congero). A. Gen.; o 
heap, mass; lapidum, Liv. B. Ksp., 1, a lieap 
of wood, a wood pile, Ov. ; 2, the mass of chaos, 
Ov. 

congero -gessi -gestum, 3. • A. Lit, to carry 
together, bring together, collect; 1, undique quod 
idoneum ad munieudum putarent, Nop. ; sal is 
magnam viain ex proxhnis salinis, Caes. ; maxi- 
inaui vim auri atque. argenti in regnum sumn, 
Cic. ; oscula, to add one to another, Ov. ; 2, a, 
to prepare; alicui viaticum, Cic. ; b, to heap to- 
gether; auri pondus, Ov. ; c, to buibl ; aram 
sepulcri arboribus ; so of birds, locus aeriae 
quo congesscre palumbes, have built their nests, 
Verg. B. Transf., a, in discourse, to bring 
together, comprise; turbam patronoruin in hunc 
sennonem, Cic; b, to heap together; ingentia 
beueftcia in aliquem, Liv.; omnia ornamenta 
ad aliquem, Cic. ; maledicta in aliquem, Cic. ; 
omnes vastati agri pei'iculorunique imminentium 
causas in aliquem, to ascribe, impute, Cic 

congesticius -a -uni (congero), heaped up, 
artificially brought together ; agger, Caes. 

congestus -us, m. (congero), a collecting, 
hsxiping together. L Lit., a, gen., municipia 
congestu copiarnm vastabanlur, Tac. ; b, esp. 
of birds, building nests; herbam (cxstitisse) 
avium congestu, Cic. II. Melon., that, vdiich is 
brought together, a. heap, mass; lapidum, Tac, 



congiarium -li, n. (sc. donum), a donation 
distributed by the. consuls and emperors among the 
people, so called from the fact that it originally 
consisted of a congius of wine, oil, etc., Liv.; 
a donation in money to the, soldiery, Cic. ; or to 
private friends, Cic. 

congius -ii, in. a Roman measure for liquids, 

containing sir, sextarii, Liv. 

conglacio, 1. I. Intransit, A. Lit., tofreeze; 
frigoribus conglaciat aqua, Cic B. Transf., 
Curioni nostra tribunatus conglaciat, passes in- 
actively, ap. Cic. II. Transit., to turn to ice, 
Plin. 

conglobatio -finis, f. (conglobo), a heaping, 
pressing, crowding together, Tac. 

conglSbo, 1. (com and globus), 1, to form 
into a. ball or sphere; mare conglobatur un- 
dique aequabi liter, Cic; figura conglobata, Cic; 
2, to press together in a mass or crowd; a, lit., 
catervatim uti qnosque tors conglobaverat, Ball.; 
conglobata in tinum mnltitudo, Liv.; b, transf., 
maxiuie definition's valent conglobatae, accumu- 
lated, Cic. 

conglomero, 1. to roll, twist, entangle to- 
gcthcr, Lucr. 

conglutinatio <mis, f. (conglutino), 1. n 
sticking, cementing together, Cic. ; 2, connexion, 
joining together; verborum, Cic. 

conglutino, 1. A. to slick together, cement 

together, Plin. B. Transf., to connect, bind 
closely; amicitias, Cic. ; voluntates nostras con- 
suetudine, Cic. 

congratulor, 1. dep. to wish joy, congratul- 
ate ; congratulantur libcrtatem concordiamque 
civitati restitutam, Liv. 

congredior -grcssus, 3. dep. (com and 
gradior), 1, to meet ; cum aliquo, Cic; inter se, . 
Liv.; 2, to meet hostilely, in combat; a, to en- 
gage, contend; locus, ubi congressi sunt, Cic; 
congredi sua sponte cum finitimis proelio, Cic ; 
with dat., impar congressus Achilli, Verg.; b, 
to dispute in words, argue; congredi cum Acad- 
emico, Cic. 

congregabilis -e (congrego), sociable, in- 
clined to collect; cxamina apium, Cic 

congregatio -Onis, f. (rongrego), an osscm. 
Ming together, society, union; nns ad congrega. 
tionein hominuin et ad societatcm communitat- 

emque generis huraani esse natos, Cic 

congrego, 1. (com and grex). I. Lit, A 
to collect into a flock ; oves, Plin. ; refl., se con- 
gregare, or pass., congregari, in a middle souse, 
to form into flocks ; . apium examina congreg- 
antur, form themselves into swarms, Cic. " B. 
Of men, to collect, gather together; disperses 
homines in uimm locum, Cic. ; refl., se congreg- 
arc, and pass., congregari, in middle sense, to 
assemble, congregari in fano commentandi causa, 
Cic. II. Transf., of things, to unite; signa in 
utiuin locum, Tac 

congressio -Onis, f. (congredior), 1, a meet- 
ing. Cic; 2, intercourse, society; aliquem ah 
alicuius non modo familiaritate, scd etiam cou- 
gressione prohibere, Cic 

congressus -us, in. (congredior), a meeting; 
1, a friendly meeting, social intercourse, conversa- 
tion; alicuius aditum, congressum, sennonem 
fugere, Cic. ; often in plur., congressus hominuin 
fugcre atque odisse, Cic; 2, a hostile meeting, 
combat; ante congressum, Cic ; primo congressu 
terga vertere nostros cogere, Caes. 

congruens -entis, p. adj. (congrno), 1 
agreeing, fit, appropriate, suitable; vultus et 
gestus congruens et apta, Cic. ; with cum and 
the abl., gestus cum scntentiis congruens, Cic ; 
with dat, actioncs vjrtut.jbus congrtiet.tes, Cic,; 



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2, harmonious, accordant; is conccntus ex dis- 
siniillimarumvocum moderatione concurs tamen 
etlicitur et congruous, Cic. ; clamor congruens, 
unanimous, Liv. 

congruenter, adv. (congruens), aptly, agree- 
ably, suitably ; congruenter naturae convenient- 
eniuc vivcrc, Cic. 

congrucntia -ao, f. (congi-uo), agreement, 

harmony, symmetry, proportion, Suet. 

congruo -ili, 3. (coin and *gruo, connected 
With run). A. Lit., to run together, come together, 
meet ; ut vicesimo anno ad metani eandem solis, 
nude orsi cssent, dies congruereht, Liv. B. 
Transf., a, of time, to coincide; qui suos dies 
niensesquo congruere volunt cum solis lunaeque 
ratione, Cic. ; b, to be suited, fitted to, correspond 
with, agree; seusus nostri ut in pace semper, sic 
turn etiamin bcllo congrucbant, Cic. ; with cum 
and the abl., eius sermo cum tuis littcris valdc 
congiuit, Cic. ; with dat., non omni causae nee 
audi tori neque personae nequetempori congruere 
oiatiouis unuin genus, Cic. ; with inter se, multae 
causae inter sc congruere videntur, Cic. 

congruus -a -urn = congruens (q.v.). 

conicio = conjicio (q.v.). 

conifer -fera -ferum (conus and fcro), cone- 
bearing; cyparissi, Verg. 

confger (conus and gero) = conifer (q.v.). 

conltor = con ni tor (q.v.). 

coniveo — conniveo (q.v.). 

conjectio -onis, f. (con.jicio). A. a hurling, 
throwing; telorum, Cic. B. Transf., conjectural 
interpretation; soilimoruiu, Cic. 

conjecto, 1. (freq. of conjicio), to throw to- 
gether ; transf., to conclude, infer,, conjecture, 
surmise, guess at; conjectantes iter, Liv. ; rem 
evenui, Liv. ; Caesar conjectans cum Aegyptum 
iter habere, Caes. 

conjector -Oris, m. (conjicio), an interpreter 
of dreams; Isiaci conjectores, the priests of Isis, 
Cic. 

conjectrix -Icis, f. (conjector), a female in- 
terpreter of dreams, Plant. 

conjectura -ae, f. (conjicio), a guess, con- 
jecture, inference. I. Gen., conjecturam adhibere, 
Cic. ; abcrrarc conjectura, to be mistaken in, Cic.; 
conjecturam faccre or capere ex or dc aliqua re, 
Cie. ; afferre conjecturam, Cic. ; conjectura as- 
sequi or consequi (toll, by relative clause), Cic.; 
quantum conjectura auguramur, Cic. II. Esp. 
1, interpretation of dreams and omens, divina- 
tion, soothsaying ; facilis conjectura huius soinnii, 
Cic. ; 2, rhet. 1. 1., a part of th£ proof, conjecture, 
inference, Cic. 

conjecturalis -e (conjectura), relating to 
conjecture, conjectural; controversia, Cic. 

conjectus -us, m. (conjicio), a throwing 
together. I. Lit., a. material, Lucr. ; b, a 
throwing, casting, hurling; lapidum, Cic; ven- 
ire ad teli conjectuin, to come within shot, 
Liv. ; ne primum quidera conjectum telorum 
ferre, Liv. II, Transf. casting or directing to- 
wards; vesteiiuineanimorum oculoruinque con- 
jectus, Cic. 

conjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (com and jacio). 
I. A. Lit., 1, to throw, bring together, colled; 
sarcinas in medium, Liv, ; suites in liydriani, 
Cie.; sorteui conjicerc, to cast lots, Cic; aggerem 
iu munilionem, Caes.; 2, of missiles, to throw, 
cast, hurl; tela in nostras, Caes. ; tig., petitiones 
ita ut vitari non possint, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
(Jen., to cast, direct; oculos in aliquein, Cic; 
malodicta in alicuius vitam, Cic. ; 2, a, to con- 
jecture, guess; do inatre suavianda ex oraculo 
acute argutc((uc, Cic. ; partic pert suUst., hello 
conjectft, clcnr surmises, Cjc, ; b, to interpret 



conjeclu rally ; omen, Cic. II. to throw, to hurl. 
A. Lit. 1, quuni liaec navis iuvitia nautis vi 
tenipestatis in portum conjecta sit, Cic. ; ali- 
quein in carcerein, Cic. ; iu vincula, Cic. ; in 
lautumias, Cic. ; se conjicere, to betake oneself, 
fi.ee; se in portum, Cic. ; so in fugam, Cic. ; 
so in castra alicuius, Cic. ; 2, to insert, libell- 
um in epistolam, Cic. ; 3, of a weapon, to 
thrust; gladiuin iu adversum os, Caes. B. 
Transf., 1, naves conjuctae in nocleui, benighted, 
Caes. ; se in noctein, to hasten away under cover 
of night, Cic. ; foieusem turbam in quatuoi 
tribus, to divide, Liv. ; aliquein ex occultis in- 
sidiis ad apertum latroeiniuni, to force, Cic. ', 
2, to spend; tantain pecuniam in propylaea,. 
Cic. ; 3, to introduce; haec verba in interdictuin, 
Cic. 

conjugalis -e (conjux), relating to marriage, 
conjugal; amor, Tac. 

conjugatio -onis, f. (conjugo), the etymologi- 
cal connection of words, Cic. 

conjugator -oris, in. one who connects, 
unites; buui amoris, Cat. 

conjugialis -e (eonjugium), relating to 
marriage, conjugal; festa, Ov. 

eonjugium -Ij, n. (conjungo), 1, a close 
connexion, union; corporis atque aniiuac, 
Lucr.; 2, a, marriage, wedlock; Tulliac ineae, 
Cic. ; tote doinus conjugio et stirpc conjuugitur, 
Cic. ; poet., of animals, Ov. ; b, nietun., hus- 
band, Verg. ; wife, Verg. 

conjugo, 1. (com and juguni), to yoke to- 
gether, to bind together, co)inect; a, est ea juciiu- 
dissima aniicitia, quam similitudo inoruiii con- 
jugavit, Cic. ; b, conjugata verba, words ety- 
mologically connected, Cic. 

conjunoto, .adv., with compar. and super!. 
(conjunctus), 1, conjointly, in connexion; con- 
juncte cum reliquis rebus nostra contexere, Cic; 
elatuin aliquid, hypotheticxdly (opp. simpliciter, 
categorically), Cic ; 2, intimately, on terms of 
friendship; cum aliquo vivere conjunctissime et 
amantissiine, Cic. 

conjunctim, adv. (conjunctus), conjointly, 
in common; liuius omnis pecuniae conjunctim 
ratio habetur, Caes. 

conjunctio -onis, f. (conjungo), uniting, 
joining together; 1, portuuiu, Cic. ; 2, a, of 
things, conjunctio confusioque naturae, Cic ; 
rhet. and philosoph. t. t. connemion of ideas, 
Cic. ; grammar, t. t. a connecting particle, con- 
junction; quum dcniptis conjunctionibus dissol- 
ute plura dicuntur, Cic. ; b, of persons, union, 
connexion; (a) gen. societas conjunctioque 
liuniana, Cic; citius cum eo veterem conjunc- 
tioneni dirimere quam novam conciliare, Cic. ; 
Pompejtun a Caesaris conjunctione avocare, Cic; 
summa nostra conjunctio et familiaritas, Cic ; 
(jS) relationship through marriage, or relation- 
ship; conjunctio sanguinis, Cic; conjunctio 
alliuitatis, Cic. 
'conjunctus -a -urn, p. adj., with compar. 
and superl. (conjungo), connecteil, joined; 1, 
sublicae cum omui opere conjunctae, Caes. ; with 
dat. bordering on, near; theatruiu conjunctuni 
domui, Caes.; Paphlagonia conjuncta Cappaduc- 
iae, Nop. ; 2, contemporary with; conjunctus 
igitur Sidpicii aetati'P. Autistius fuit, Cic. ; 3, 
a, connected with, agreeing with, proportioned to ; 
prudeutia cum justitia, Cic. ; talis simulatio est 
vanitati conjunetior, is more nearly allied, Cic ; 
continuata conjunctaquc verba, Cic; subst., 
conjunctuni -i, n. connection, Cic. ; b, of 
persons, connected, allied, friendly ; homines bei 
nevolentia conjunct]', Cic. ; hblno mihi conjunct* 
us fidifistmS gratia, Cic. ; et cum ils ot inter so 
conjunctissimos fuisse W. Curium, Ti. Corun- 
canium, Cic. ; tain conjuncta pupulo Romano 



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con 



clvitas.Caes. ; sanguine conjuncti, Nep. ; civium 
Konianorum omnium sanguis conjunctus oxis- 
timandus est, Cic. 

conjungo -junxi -Junctum.3. to join together 
constr. with tlat, cutu and abl., Inter Be, or the 
abl. alone. I. Lit, navi onerariae alteram, 
Caes. ; calamoa plures cera, Verg. II. Transf., to 
unite; 1, of space, a, of tilings, dextram dextrae, 
Ov. ; eani epistolam cum line epistola, Cic.; hunc 
moiitein iiiunis circumdatua arceiu ellicit et 
emu oppido con.jungit, Cnes. ; b, of persons, at 
paulatim sese legiones conjungerent, Caes. ; se 
Hannibali, Liv. ; 2, of time, noctein dici, to 
travel far into the night, Caes.; 3, to bring i o 
connexion, unite, join; a, causatu nlicuius cum 
coiiiinuni Riilute, Cic. ; conjungere belluin, to 
undertake, in common, Cic; b, tonni/c. in. mar- 
rlage, friendship, alliance, etc. ; filias suns tiliis 
alicuius matrimonio, Liv. ; me tibi studia com- 
munis conjungunt, Cic. ; conjungere aiuicitias, 
Cic. ■ 

conjunx = conjux (q.v.). 

conjuratio -Onis, f. (conjuro). A. union con- 
firmed by an oath; conjuratio Acarnauica, Liv. ; 
conjuratioiiein nobilitatis facere, Caes. B. a 
conspiracy, ')ilot; conjuratio Catilinae, Sail.; in 
ea conjuratione esse, to be implicated in, Sail. ; 
conjurationem facere contra rempublicam, Cic. 
C. Meton. the conspirators ; voces eonjurationis 
ti-ae, Cic. 

con jurat US -a -uin (conjuro), united by oath, 
allied; subst., oonjurati -Drum, m. conspira- 
tors, Cic. 

conjuro, 1. to swear togetlwr. I. to take the 
military oath; utomnes Italiae juniores conjur- 
arent, Caes. II. to unite together by oath. A. 
Gen., barbari conjuraxe,ob8ideainterscdarecoep- 
criint, Caes.; with ace. and iiitm.", per suos priu- 
cipes inter se conjurant nihil nisi communi con- 
silio acturos, Caes. B. Esp. to plot, conspire; 
conjurasse supra scptem millia virorum nc muli- 
cruin, Liv. ; with cum and the abl., or with 
inter se; ii, quibuscum conjurasti, Cic. ; pre- 
cipes inter se conjurant, Sail. ; with adversus 
or contra and the ace, contra rempublicam, 
Cie. ; adversus patriam, Liv. ; with de and the 
abl., de interllciendo Pompejo, Cic. ; with ill 
and the ace, cum aliquo in oinne flagitium et 
facintu, Liv. ; with inlin., patriam incendere, 
Sail. ; with ut and subj., urbem ut incenderent, 
Liv. 

conjux (conjunx) -jugis, c. (conjungo), 1, 
sjt"iise, wife, Cic. ; more rarely, husband, Cic. ; 
pi. a married jnir, Cat. ; 2, poet, a betrothed 
virgin, bride, Verg. ; a concubine, Prop. 

conl . . . . = coll .... (q.v.). 

conm . . . = coinm. . . (q.v.). 

connecto -nexttl -nexum, 3. to fasten, tie to- 
gethtr, connect, unite. A. Lit. illne (apes) ped- 
ibus connexae ad limina pendent, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, of space, Mosellam atque Ararim 
facta, inter utrumque fossa, Tac. ; 2. of time, 
pcrscquere connexos his funeribus dies, close- 
following, Cie. ; 3, to unite ; amicitia cum volupt- 
nte connectitnr, Cic. ; esp. a, to unite in dis- 
course ; facilius est enim apta dissolvere quam 
dissipata connectere, Cic. ; b, of logical con- 
nexion, omne quod ipsum ex se connexum sit 
veruni esse, Cic. ; c, of relationship; alicui 
connexus per affinitatem, Tac. ; partic. pert", 
subst., connexum -i, n. logical conclusion. 

1. connexus -as, in. (connecto), connexion, 
Union, Cie. 

2. connexus -a -um, partic. of connecto. 
connitor -nfena or -nixus sum, 3. dep. A. 

Lit., 1, to lean or push, against with violence; 
valido eonnjxn.s corpora taurqs, Cic. poet,; 2 # 



to climb up; in summuiii jugum, Caes.; 3, to 
bring forth; gemellus, Verg. B. Transf., to 
strife with all one's might; with abl., quantum 
aniino conniti potes, Cic.; with i" and the ace., 
in unum locum connixi, Liv.; with ad and the 
ace, ad convincendum eum, Tac. ; with inlin., 
invadere hoatem, Liv.; with ut and the subj., 
infantes coniiitnntiir, sese ut erigaut, Cic. 

conniveo -nivi or -nixi, 2. to close the eyes, 
Ui wink, I/link with the eyes. A. Lit., oeulis 
BOiiino conniventibus, Cie. ; altero oculo. Cic. ; - 
poet., of the sun or moon, quasi comment, 
Lucr. B. Trans!'., to wink at, let pass unnoticed; 
consulibus si non adjuvantibus, at connivent- 
ibus certe, Cic. ; with in and the abl., qui- 
busdam etiain in rebus conniveo, Cic. 

connubialls -e (connubiuni),' relating to 
marriage, connubial, Ov. 

connubium -ii, n. (com and nubo), 1 ? a. 
a legal Herman, marriage; sequuntur connubia et 
aftinitates, Cic. ; poet., marriage in general, 
Pyrrhi connubia aervare, Verg. ; b, intercourse, 
Ov.; 2, the. right of intermarriage ; connubiuni 
tinitiiiiis negare, Liv. (in poets often trisyll., 
uoimubjo, Verg., Acn. i. 73, \ ii. 90). 

Cdnon -Ollis, III. (Kopwv), 1, MM Athenian 
general; 2, mat he ma lie inn and astronomer of 
Sa mos. 

conopeum -i, n. (Kwi/wn-eioi ■) oi conopium 
-ii, n. a net to keep off gnats or mosguitoes, Hor. 

Conor, 1. dep. to undertake, endeavour, at- 
tempt, exert oneself strive; with ace, opus mag- 
num, Cie; with infill., facere id quod const itu- 
erant, Caes.; ii qui haec delere conati sunt, Cic. 

conp . . . = conni . . . (q.v.). 

conquassatio -onis, f. (conquasso), a vio- 
lent shaking, Shattering ; totius valet udinis cor- 
poris, Cic. 

Conquasso, 1. to shake thoroughly, shatter; 
qtuiin Apulia niaximis terrac motions conquass- 
atn esset, Cic; transf, conquassatas cxterac 
nationes illius anni furore, Cic. 

conqueror -quest us, 3. dep. to bewail or 
complain loudly; fortunas suns, Plant.; bon- 
orura direptiones, Cic. ; de istius improbitate, 
Cic. 

conqucstio -onis, f. (conqueror), a loud 
complaint, bewailing; ubi nullum auxilium est, 
nulla conquestio, Cie; in rhet., conqucstio cat 
oratio auditoruin misericordiani captans, Cic. 

conquestus, abl. -u, m. (conqueror), u loud 
complaint, Liv. 

conquiesco -qulevi -quietum, 3. to rest 
thoroughly, take rest, repose. A. to rest bodily; 
videmus ut conquiescere ne infantes quideni 
possint, Cic ; haec (impedimenta) couquiescero 
vetuit, to rest from a march, Caes. ; conquiescere, 
ineridie, tosleep, Caes. B. to be still, (fillet, to take 
repose, stop; a, inibre couquiesceute, Liv. ; eon- 
quiescit mercatorum navigatio, is stopped, Cic. ; 
conquiescere a continuis bellis et victoriis, Cic. ; 
b, to find rest or recreation in ; in nostris stnd- 
iis libt'iitissime conquiescinius, Cic. 

conquiro -qufeivi -qulsitum, 3. (com and 
quaero), to seek for, to bring together, to collect, 
get together. A. Lit., sagittarios, Caes. ; colonos 
Cic. ; pecuniani, Cic. ; aliquem tota provincial, 
Cic. B. Transf., voluptatem conquirere et com. 
parnre, Cie; sok-bat mecuin interdum eiuamodi 
aliquid conquirere, Cic. (contr, fnt. perf. form, 
conquislerit, Cie). 

COnquisitio -onis, f. (conquaero), 1. search, 
collection; iiecuuiaruui, Tac; tnlium liorornm, 
Liv. ; 2, a pressing or forcible enlistment of 
soldiers, conscription ; exercitus, durissirna CO'[: 
quisitione confeqtiiH, Ojc 



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Cdhquisitor -oris, m. (conquiro), a recruiting 
Officer, Cic 

conquisitus -a -um, p. adj. with superl. 
(conquiro), sought after, selected, chosen, costly, 
2>recious; mensas conquisitissimis epuljto ex- 
struere, Cic. 

com- . . .— corr . . . (q.v.). 

consaepio -saepsi, -saeptum, 4. to fence 
round, to hedge in, Suet. ; gen., partic, con- 
saeptus -a -um, fenced round ; ager, Cic. ; 
subst., consaeptum -i, n. an inclosure, Liv. 

consalutatio -onis, f. (consaluto), a saluta- 
tion of several persons; forensis, Cic. 

Consaluto, 1. to greet together, hail, salute; 
inter se amicissiine, Cic; with double ace, 
aliquem dictatorem, Liv. ; earn Volumniam, Cic. 

consanesco -sanili, 3. to become healthy, to 
get well ; ilia quae consanuisse videbantur, Cic. 

consanguine us -a -uin, related by blood, 
brotherly, sisterly; umbrae, Ov. Subst, con- 
sanguineus -i, m. brother, Cic. ; consan- 
guine a -ae, f. sister, Cat. ; plur., consan- 
guine! -orum, m. relations; Aedui Ambarri 
necessarii et consanguinei Aeduorum, Caes. ; 
transf., consanguineus Leti Sopor, V'erg. 

consanguinitas atis, i. (consanguineus), 
relationship by blood, consanguinity, Liv. 

consaucio, 1. to wound severely, Suet. 

consceleratus -a -am, p. adj. witli superl. 
(conscelero), wicked, villainous, depraved; con- 
sceleratissimi iilii, Cic. ; transf. of things, mens, 

Cic - 
conscelero, 1. tn defile with crime ; miseram 

doniuin, Cat. ; oculos videndo, Ov. ; aures 

patt'ruas, Liv. 

conscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (com and 
scando). A. 'o ascend, mount, go up; with ace, 
equum, to 'mount on horseback, Liv. ; vallum, 
Caes. ; aeqnor navibus, Verg. ; with in and the 
arc., in eqnos, Ov. B. Naut. t. t., to go on 
board ship, embark; witli in and the ace, in 
navem, Caes.; witli ace, navem, Caes.; absol., 
to embark ; conscendere a Brundisio, Cic. 

consoenslo -onis, f. (conscendo), an embark- 
ing, embarkation ; in naves, Cic. 

conscientia -ae, f. (conscio). I, A. a joint, 
knowledge with some other person, being privy to ; 
horiini omnium, Cic; conjurationis, Tac. ; eius- 
modi facinorum, Cic; absol. conseientiap con- 
tagio, Cic ; aliquein in Conscientiam assumeiv, 
Tac II. knowledge in oneself. A. Gen., virinm 
nostrarum ae. suarum, Liv. ; absol., nostra 
Mahilis conscientia, Cic B. consciousness of 
right or 'wrong ; a, conscientia bene actae vitae, 
Cic; scelerumet fraudum. suarum, Cic. ; ex nulla 
conscientia de culpa, Sail.; b, conscience ; animi 
conscientia excruciari, Cic. ; praeclara con- 
scientia, Cic ; absol., (a) a good conscience; niea 
mihi conscientia plurisest quain omnium sermo, 
Cic; (0), a bad conscience; angor conscientiae, 
Cic ; conscientia ictus, Liv. 

conscindo -scidi -scissuni, 3. to tear or rend 
in pieces. I. Lit., epistolam, Cic. II. Transf., 
conscissi sibilis, hissed at, Cic 

conscio, 4. to be conscious of guilt; nil con- 
scire sibi, Hor. 

conscisco -scivi and -scli -scltum, 3. 1, to 
agree on, resolve publicly, decree, Cic ; bellum, 
Liv. ; 2, to bring or inflict upon oneself, inflict 
upon ; sibi mortem, or simply mortem, necem, 
to kill oneself, Cic; sibi exsilium, Liv. (syncop. 
perfect forms eonscisse, Liv. ; conscisset, Cic). 

conscius -a -um (com and oclo), 1, having 
joint or common knowledge with another, privy 
to, cognisaiit of; with genit., homo meorum in 



te studiorum et ofliciorum maxime conscius 1 ) 
Cic; conjurationis, conspirator. Sail.; poet., 
conscia fati sidera, Verg. ; alicui coiiscium esse 
facinoris, Tac. ; witli dat., Conscius facinori, Cic. ; 
with in and the abl., conscitis in privatis rebus, 
Cic; with de and the abl., his de rebus consciuni 
esse Pisonem, Cic. ; absol., sine tillo conscio, 
Cic. ; 2, conscious to oneself! ft, With genit., si 
alicuius in.juriaesibicoiuicins ftiisset, Cic. ; with 
ace. and infill., etsi mihi sum conscius me nimis 
cupidum fuisse vitae, Cic. ; absol., couscii sibi, 
Sail.; poet., virtus conscia, Verg.; b, esp., 
conscious of guilt ; animus, Sail. 

consoriblllo, 1. (dim. of conscribo), to 
scribble or scraivl all over, Varr. ; transf., nates, 
to mark with bloody weals, Cat. 

conscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to write 
together. I. A. 1, milit. t. t., to enrol, levy ; ex- 
ercitus, Cic; legiones.Caes.; 2, politic 1. 1., a, to 
enrol in a particular class ; centuriae tres equit- 
um conacriptae sunt, Liv. ; Collinam (tribum) 
novam delectu perditissimorum civiuin eon- 
scribebat, Cic. ; b, to enrol as a senator; hence 
the phrase, patres conscripti (for patres et cun- 
scripti), senators, Cic ; sing., a setiator, Hor.; c, 
to enrol as colonists, Liv. B. 1, to put together in 
writing, write, compose; librum de consulatu, 
Cic; epistolam, legem, Cic; absol., to write a 
letter; de Antonio quoque Balbus ad me cum 
Oppio conscripsit, Cic. ; 2, esp. of physicians, 
to prescribe ; pro salutaribus mortifera, Cic. 
II. to write all over ; lnensam vino, Ov. 

conscriptio -onis, f. (conscribo), a writing, 
composition, written paper ; falsae conscriptiones 
quaestionum, forged minutes, Cic. 

consoriptus -a -um, partic. of conscribo. 

conseco -secfii -scctum, 1. to cut in small 
pieces, dismemle,- ; lnembra fratris, Ov. 

consecratio -onis, f. (oonsecro), 1, a, a 
consecration ; aedium, Cic; b, a dedication to 
the infernal gods, execration, curse ; capitis, Cic. ; 
2, deification of the emperors, apotheosis, Tac 

ConsScro, (eonsacro), 1. I. A. to conse- 
crate, to dedicate to the service of a god ; totam 
Siciliam Cereri, Cic ; diem adventus alicuius, 
make a feast-day, Liv. B. to consecrate to the 
gods below, to curse; quum caput eius, qui con- 
tra feoerit, conseeratur, Cic. II. A. to deify, 
elevate tn divine honours ; Liber quern nostri 
ma.jores ennseeravernnt, Cic ; of the emperors, 
c.onsecraiv. Clau-.'.ium, Suet. B. Transf., to make 
holy ; Vetera jam ista et religione omnium con- 
secrata, Cic C. to make immortal ; amplissimis 
moniinicnt.is meinoriam noiuinis sui, Cic 

conaectarius -a -um (consector), following 
logiadly, consequent, Cic Subst., consectaria 
-orum, n. Ingiml conclusions, inferences, Cic. 

consectatio -onis, f. (consector), the eager 
pursuit of anything, desire, effort, striving after; 
concinnitatis, Cic. 

consectatrix -icis, f. (conseotabor), an 
eager pursuer, devoted friend ; consectatrices vol- 
uptatis libidines, Cic. 

consectio -onis, f. (conseco), o cutting up, 
cleaving to pieces; arborum, Cic. 

consector, 1. dep. (freq. of consequor). I. 
A. Lit., to follow, pursue eagerly, Ter. ; tardi in- 
genii est rivulos consectan, fontes rerum non 
videre, Cic. B. Transf., to pursue zealously, 
strive after, try to imitate or gain ; opes ant pot- 
entiam, Cic; ubertatem orationis, Cic; vitium 
de industria, Cic. II. to follow hostilely, pursue; 
redeuntes equites, Caes. ; aliquem et conviciis et 
sibilis, Cic. 

conaccutio -r.nis, f. (consequor), 1, philo- 
soph. t t., that which follows, an, effect, conse- 



ecwi 



iM 



cou 



qncnce ; causas reruin et conseciitiones videre, 
Cic; 2, rhet. 1. 1., order t connexion, arrangement; 
verborum, Cic. 

consenesco -sOufli, 3. I. to become oW, 
grow grey; line o;»sa, 0\'. II. In a bad sense, 
to become old, to hue one's strength, to decay. A. 
Lit., 1, of persons, insontcm, indeiunatnm in 
exsiliooonsenescere, Liv.; consenescereiuSiciliS 
suli minis, Uy.J 2, of bodily strength, to decay; 
consenesount vires atqtte deficiunt, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, in vidia liabet repentinos impetus, in- 
terposlto spatioctcognita causa consonesei (,(''('.; 
2, in politics, to lux power; onu.es illius jxt: tia 
nuctoics ac socios nullo adversario consencscerc, 
Cic. 

consensu) -onis, f. (consentio). A. Gen., 
agreement, harmony, consent; a, of persons, 
omnium gentium, Cic; nulla de illis magis- 
tratuum consensio, Cic. ; b, of tilings, har- 
mony ; naturae, Cic. B. In a bad sense, a plot, 
conspiracy; consensio scelerata, Cic. 

consensus -us, in. (consentio). I. agree- 
ment, unanimity, concord, agreement; a, of per- 
sons, omnium, Cic. ; optimus in rempublicam 
consensus, Cic. ; abl., consensu, unanimously, 
by general consent ; resistere, Liv. ; b, of tilings, 
mirus quidam omnium quasi consensus doc- 
trinannn concentusque, Cic. H. a secret agree- 
ment, conspiracy; consensus audacium, Cic. 

consentaneous -a -uin (consentio), agreeing 
to, agreeable with, consonant with, fit, suitable; 
cum iis litteris, Cic; gen. with dat., Stoicorum 
rationi, Cic; impers., consentaneum est, with 
iulin. or ace and infin., it agrees,- is reasonable, 
suitable, Cic. 

Con3entes Dii, the advisers, the twelve 
superior deities of the Romans — viz., Jupiter, 
Juno, Vesta, Ceres, Diana, Minerva, Venus, Mars, 
Mercurius, Xeptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo, Varr. 

Consentia -ae, f. a town in Bruttii, now 
Consen:a. Adj., Consentlnus -a -11111. 

consentio -sens) -sensum, 4. to agree. I. 
Lit., of persons. A. Gen., to agree, to assent, 
to resolve unanimously ; absol., animi consent. - 
ientes, Cic. ; with dat or cum and the abl., 
conse.ntire superioribus jndiciis, Cic; cum 
popnli Romani volnntatibns consentiant, Cic. ; 
with de or in and the abl., Cic. ; ad with the 
ace, Cic; adversus with the ace., Liv.; cum 
aliquo dealiqufire, Cic ; with aec, Cic; bellnm, 
to resolve upon war, Liv.; with aec. and iulin. 
or inlin. alone, Cic. B. to plot, conspire, farm 
an unlawful union; ad prcdendom Rannibali 
urbem, Liv. ; belli facicudi causa, Cic II. 
Transf., of inanimate objects, to agree, har- 
monise ; ratio nostra consentit, Cic ; prcs. 
partic, consentiens -entis, harmonious; con- 
Rentiens popnli Romani uuiveisi voluntas, Cic. 

consepio = consaeplo (q.v.). 

consequens -quentis, p. adj. (consequor), 
a, grammat. t. t., appropriate, of the right con- 
struction; in conjunctia (verbis) quod non est 
consequens vituperandum est, Cic; b, philo- 
soph. t. t.. fallowing logiadhj, consequent; con- 
sequens est, it follows as a laglc/tl Consequence, 
Cic. Subst, consequens -quentis, n. a logical 

COnsrq'Li "llrr, CiC 

conscquentia -ae, f. (consequor), ft eo?i- 
seqnenef, succession; oventorum, Cic. 

conscquia -ae, f.= consequentia (q.v.). 

consequor -sequtltus (-secutus), 3. dep. to 
follow, go after. I. Gen., A. Lit., 1, aliquem 
vestigiis, on foot, Cic; Z, to pursue; consequi 
statim Ilasdrnbalem, Liv. B. Transf, 1, to 
follow in point of time; mors, quae brevi conse- 
cuta est, Cic; quia libertateni pax conseqne- 
batur> Cic ; 2, a, to follow as an effect or con- 



sapience, result from; quain corilill o|liitioiiCIIl 

magni errores cousecnti sunt, Cic. ; b, to follow 
as a logical consequence; lit eliani quod COIISC- 
quitur necessarium, Cic. ; 3, tofoUoivTa particn- 
lAr object or example; consequi siiuni quoddam 
instifutuin, Cic' II. to come up to by following, 
attain to, reach, obtain. A. Lit., 1, si statim 
navigns, nos Lettcade consequent, Cic ; 2, to 
come up with in pursuit, overtake; . reliquos 
onines cquitatu, Cues. B. Transf., 1, to attain 
to, obtain, get; cuius vei tantac tamquo difficilis 
facultatem consecutum esse me non proiiteor; 
seculinn esse, prac me fero, Cic. ; opes quant 
maximas, Cic. ; aiitplissimos ftonores, Cic. ; 
fructum autplissiinuiu ex rcipublicae causa, 
Cic; omnia per senatum, Cic; fortitudinis 
gloriam insidits c.t malitia, Cic ; foil, by til or 
11c with the subj., Cic; 2, of objects, events, 
to befall, happen to; tanta prosperitas Caesnreni 
est consecuta, Cic; 3, to come up to in any 
respect, to equal; a, verborum prope numeruin 
sententiaruin numero, Cic; b, esp., to express 
adequately in words ; alieuius laudes verbis, Cic. ; 
4, to come up to in speech or thought, to understand, 
grasp; similitudinem veri, Cic. 

1. consero -sevi -situni, 3. 1, to sow, plant ; 
a, lit., agros, Cic. ; b, transf., lumine arva (of 
the sun), to cover, Lucr.; 2, to plant, place in; 
arborein, Liv. 

2. consero -semi -sertum, 3. I. Gen., to 
connect, tie, join, twine together; lorica conserta 
hamisverg.; exodia cotnserere fabellis potissim- 
uni Atellanis, Liv. II. to join in a. hostile, 
manner. A. Milit. t. t., manum or mantis con- 
serere, to engage, Cic ; cum aliquo, Cic ; inter 
se, Sail.; conserere pugnam,. Liv. ; proelium, 
Liv. ; tiavis conseritur, the ship is engaged, Liv. ; 
absol., conserere cum levi armatura, Liv. B. 
Legal t. t., aliquem ex jure manum eoiisertum 
vocare, to commence an action concerning property 
by laying hands un it, ap. Cic. 

conserte, adv. (consertus from 2. consero), 

connectedly, Cic 

conserva -ae, f. a fellow-servant, Plant. ; 
transf., conservae fores, in the same service, Ov. 

conservans -antis, p. adj. (conservo), pre- 
serving; Willi genit., ea quae conservantia stint 
eins status, Cic. 

conservatio -onis, f. (conservo), a preserva- 
tion, keeping, laying up; a, lVugum, Cic ; b, 
observing, observance; aequabilitatis, Cic 

conservator -oris, m. (conservo), a pre- 
server; inimicornm, Cic ; reipublicae, Cic 

conservatrix -Tcis, f. (conservo), she who 
preserves; naturn, Cic (?) 

conservo, l. to keep, preserve, maintain; a, 
of concrete objects, cives suos, Cic. ; onines 
salvos, Cic. ; rempublicam, Cic. ; rem familiar- 
em, Cic ; b, of abstract objects, to preserve, 
maintain, observe.; pristinum aninmni, Liv.; 
jusjtirandum, to keep, Cic. 

conservus -i, m. a fellow slave, servant, Cic. 

consessor -oris, in. (consido), one who siis 
near or with, in a court of justice, an assessor, 
Cic. ; a neighbour at a feast or spectacle, Cic. 

consessus -us, in. (consido), oh assembly (of 
persons sitting together) ; in ludo talario, Cic. ; 
praeconum, Cic. ; lttdomm gladiatorttmque, Cic; 
plur., consessus theatrales gladiatoriiqne, Cic 

considerate, adv., with compar. and 
sttperl. (considerntus), thoughtfully, carefully; 
agere, Cic. 

considcratio-Onis, f. (considero), considera- 
tU 1, contemplation, thought, reflection; consider- 
ationem intnndere in aliquid, Cic 

conslderatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 



OOii 



12? 



0611 



tacl super! (considero), a, pass., thoroughly con- 
sidered, well weighed, deliberate; verbuin, Cic. ; 
eonsiderata atquc pro'visa via vivendi, Cic. ; b, 
act., of persons, cautious, wary, circumspect; 
homo, Cic. 

considero, 1. (com and root SlG, con- 
nected with BIAfi, IAfJ, VlD-eo)i A. Lit., 
to look at, regard carefully, conteiiiphUe ; coil^ 
siderare opus pictoris, Cic. B. Transf:, lo con- 
sider, weigh, reflect upon; with secuill, CU111 
auiiuo suo, secuin in animo ; eonsiderare secum 
«os casus, in quibus, etc., Cic. ; with rel. scat, 
consideres quid agas, Cic. ; with de and the 
abl. , nunc de praemiis cousidereinus, Cic. ; absol., 
ille (ait) se eonsiderare velle, Cic. 

consido -sedi -sessum, 3. neut. I. Lit., to 
sit down. A. Of persons, hie in umbra, Cic; in 
inolli lierba, Cic. ; esp., 1, to sit down in a jmb- 
lic assembly or court of justice ; utprimum. indices 
consederant, Cic; ad jus dicendum, Liv.; 2, 
.unlit, t. t., a, to take up one's position; tria.ru 
sub vexillis considebant siuistro crure porrecto, 
Liv.; in insidiis, Liv.; b, more commonly, to 
stop, encamp; considere non longius mille pass- 
ibus a nostris munitionibus, Caes. ; 3, to stay, 
and of passengers on board ship, to land; hie 
an Antii, Cic ; Tarquiniis, Liv. B. Of things, 
to fall to the ground, settle, sink, subside ; quae 
(Alpes) jam licet considant, Cic. ; Ilion ardebat 
neque adhuc consederat ignis, Ov. II. Transf., 
A. Of persons, considere in otio, to rest, Cic. ; 
totani videmus consedisse urbem luctu, sunk in 
grief, Verg. B. Of things, 1, to stop, cease ; ardor 
animi cousedit, Cic; 2, to fall into neglect; 
conscdit utriusque nomen in quaestura, Cic. 

consigno, 1. 1, to seal, to affix a seal as an 
authentication; tabulas siguis, Cic. ; 2, to vouch 
for, authenticate ; aliquid litteris, Cic; transf., 
antiquitas clarissimis monumentis testata cou- 
signataque, Cic. 

consiliarius -a -urn (consilium), relating to 
counsel, deliberating ; senatus, Plaut. Subst., 
consiliarius -ii, m. an adviser, an assessor, 
assistant judge; consiliario et auctore Vestorio, 
Cic. ; dari alicui consiliarium atque administrum, 
Cic. ; consiliarii regis, Cic. 

conciliator -Oris, m. (consilior), counsellor, 
adviser, Phaedr. 

consilior, 1. dep. (consilium), to hold a con- 
sultation, consult, take counsel; diftleilis ad con- 
siliandum legatio, Cic. 

consilium -ii, n. (connected with consnlo). 
I. Act., A. 1, lit., a delibcratian,\considtation, 
taking counsel; consilium principum habere, to 
hold a consultation witlt the chiefs, Liv. ; quasi 
consilii sit res, as if the matter allowed of con- 
sideration, Caes. ; consiliis intercsse, Cic. ; esp. 
the deliberation of a public body ; consilii pub- 
lic! participein fieri, Cie.; consilium habere, Cic; 
adesse alicui in consilio, Cic. ; 2, meton., the 
assembly of persons giving advice, council; esp., 
a, the senate; senatus, id est, orbis terrae con- 
silium, Cic ; b, the body of judges; ex senatu 
in hoc consilium delecti estis, Cic. ; c, a council 
of war ; consilium convocare, Caes. ; rem ad 
consilium deferre, Caes. B. understanding, fore- 
sight, prudence; vir maximi consilii, Caes.; 
mulier imbecilli consilii, Cic. II. Pass., the ad- 
vice or counsel given; a resolution, plan, conclu- 
sion; 1, a. capero consilium, to form a resolu- 
tion, Cic. ; belli renovandi, Caes. ; subito consili- 
um cepi, ut antequain luceret exirein, Cic. ; con- 
silium consistit, holds good, Cic. ; est consilium, 
foil, by infin., Cic; quid sui consilii sit pro- 
ponit, he explains what his plan is, Caes. ; inire 
•consilium senatus interflciendi, Cic; abl., con- 
silio, intentionally, designedly, Cic; privato con- 
•silio, privatis consiliis (opp. publico consilio, 



publicis consiliis), in the interests of private 
persons, Cic; b, milit. t. t., stratagem, device; 
consilium imperatoriuiu, Cic; 2, advice, sug- 
gestion ; alicui consilium dare, Cic; cgere con- 
silii or consilio, Cic. 

consimilis -e, like in all parts, exactly 
similar; with genit, causa consimilis caruiu 
cnusarum quae, etc., Cic. ; with dat., consimilis 
fugae profectio, Caes.; absol., laue, Cic. 

consipio, 3. (com and sapio), to be in one's 
senses, to have possession of one's faculties, Liv. 

consisto -stiti, 3. to put oneself in any 
place. I. Gen., to take one's stand, place one- 
self. A. Lit., 1, of persons, consistere ad 
mensam, Cic ; hi proximi coustitcre, . Liv. ; 
esp. a, as a listener, tota in ilia contioue Italia 
eonstitit, Cic; b, milit. t. t., to place oneself 
for battle, take one's place ; lie saucio quidem 
eius loci, ubi constiterat, relinquendi facultas 
dabatur, Cic; 2, of dice, to fall; quadring- 
entis talis centum Venerios nou posse casu con- 
sistere, Cic. B. Transf., to agree with ; videsne 
igitur Zenonem tuum cum Aristonc verbis 
consistere, re djssidere, Cic II. Esp. to stand 
still. A. to stop>, halt; 1, lit., a, of persons, 
consistite ! Ov. ; consistere et commorari cogit, 
Cic; esp., (a) to stop for conversation ; viatores 
etiain invitos consistere cogunt, Caes. ; (fi) to 
stop in wonder, curiosity, etc.; bestiao saepe im- 
maues cantu flectuntur et consistunt, Cic. ; 
(y) milit. t. t., to halt; prope liostem, Caes.; 
(5) of travellers, fugitives, etc., to halt, stop, stay ; 
consistere unum diemVeliae, Cic; b, of things, 
vel concidat oinne caelum omnisque natura con- 
sistat necesse est, Cic. ; esp. of water, to stop 
still; ter frigore eonstitit Ister, froze, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., a, to stop, dwell in speech ; in uno nom- 
ine, Cic; b, to rest, cease; quum ad Trebiam 
terrestre constitisset .helium, Liv. ; c, to rest, 
fall upon ; in quo (viro) non modo culpa nulla, 
sed ne suspicio quidem potuit consistere, Cic; 
d, to consist, to be formed of; major pars victus 
eoruin in lacte, caseo, came consistit, Caes. 
B, 1, to stand firmly, keep one's ground, foot- 
ing ; in fluctibus, Caes. ; vertice celso aerjae 
quercus constiterunt, were firmly rooted, Verg.; 
2, transf., a, to keep one's ground, to hold one's 
own; in forensibus causis praeehire, Cic; b, 
to be firm; neque mens, neque vox neque lingua 
consistit, Cic. 

consitio -6nis,f. (consero), asowing, planting; 
plur., different kinds of sowing or planting, Cic. 

consltor -oris, m. (consero), a soiver, planter; 
uvae, Bacchus, Ov. 

consitura -ae, f. (consero), asowing, plant- 
ing; agri, Cic 

consobrinus -i, m. and consobrina -ae, 
f. cousin on the mother's side, Cic.-; cousin, Cic. ; 
and in a more extended sense, second, third 
cousin, Suet. 

consocer -cen, in. a joint father-in-law, Suet. 

consociatio -onis, f. (consocio), union, con- 
nexion, association ; hominuni, Cic. 

consociatus -a -um, p. adj. (from consocio), 
united, harmonious ; consociatissinia voluntas, 
Cic. 

consocio, 1. to unite, connect, share, associate, 
make common; consilia cum aliquo, Cic; inju- 
riam cum nmicis, Cic; aninios oorum, Liv. J 
nunquam tain veheinentcr cum senatu con- 
sociati fuistis, Cic 

consolabills -e (consolor), consolable; dol- 
or, Cic. 

COnsolatlO -onis, f. (consolor), consolation, 
encouragement, comfort, alleviation; 1, commun- 
ium malorum, Cic. ; tiinoris, Cic. ; adhibere ali- 
quani modicaui consolationero, Cic;-adhiber« 



coil 



Lib 



con 



alicUl consolatiotietn, Cic. ; mini ine una consol- 
atlo suatentat qlltid, etc., Cic ; uti liac consola- 
tione alicuius (roll, by ace. and inlin.), Cic. ; 2, 
o consolatory tredtise or discourse, Cic 

consolator -oris, m. (consolor), a consoler, 
Cic 

consolatorlus -a -um (consolator), relating 
to consolation, consolatory ; litterae, Cic. 

consolor, I. dep. 1, of persons, to console, 
comfort, to ( n courage ; se illo solatio quoit, etc., 
Cie. ; so his (foil, by ace. ami inlin.), Cic ; ali- 
quem de communibus miseriis, Cic. ; spes sola 
homines hi miseriis consolari solet, Cic; absol., 
cousolaudo levare dulorein, Cic ; Caesar con- 
solatus rogat (eum) finem oiandi faciat, Caes. ; 
2, of things, to alleviate, liqhten, solace; tlolorem, 
Cic. 

consdno -sontti, 1. 1, to sound together, 
sound loudly ; a, consonnnte clamore nominatim 
Quinctinm orare at, etc., Liv.; b, toecho ; plansu 
freinituque virum consonat onine nenius, Verg. ; 
2, transl'., to harmonise, agree, be consonant villi, 
Quint. 

consftnus -3 -um. A. Lit., sounding to- 
gether, harmonious; fila lyrae, Ov. B. Transf., 
accordant, fit, suitable; credo Platonem vix 
putasse satis consonum fore at, etc., Cic. 

consop?o, 4. to lull to sleep, stupefy; somno 
consopiri sempiterno, Cic. ; Bndymion a lima 
consopitus, Cic. 

censors -sortis, 1, having an- equal share 
with, sharing in, partaking of; with genit., 
socius et consols gloriosi laboris, Cic ; mecum 
temporuni illorum, Cic. ; tribuniciae potestatis, 
Tac; applied to inanimate objects, common; 
tecta, Verg. ; 2, having an equal share in pro- 
perty ; tres fratres consnrtes, tenants in common, 
Cic; poet., brother or sister,; consors magni 
Jovis, Juno, Ov. ; adj. = brotherly, sisterly; 
sanguis, Ov. 

consortlo -finis, f. (consors), companion- 
ship, community, partnership ; Jiuinaiia, Cic 

consortium -li, n. (consors), 1, rommvnity 
of goods, Suet. ; 2. fellowship, part Icijxit ion in; 
si in consortio, si in societats reipublicae esse 
licet, Liv. 

1. conspectus -a -um, p. adj. (from con- 
spicio). A. Gen., visible; tumulus hosti con- 
spectus, Liv. B. (with rompar.) striking, re- 
markable, distinguished ; conspectus elatusque 
supra moilum hominis, Liv. ; conspecta mors 
eius fuit, quia publico fiinere est elatns, Liv. ; 
tnrta conspectior, Liv. 

'2. conspectus -us, ni. (conspiclo), look, 
sight, vino. I. Act., A. Lit., dare se alioui in 
conspectum, to allow oneself to If seen, hy, Cic.; 

in conspectn alicuius rs.se, to be within sight of, 
Cic. ; n conspectn abirc, Cues. ; adulters con- 
spectum oculurum, Liv.; cadere in conspectum, 
Cic ; conspectus est in Capitolium, the view is 

towanls the. Capitol, Liv.; conspectum nlicu * 
fngere, Caes. ; privare aliqnero omnium suoru n 
consuetudine conspectuque, Cic. ; of things, in 
conspectn alicuius loci, in sight of Cic B. 
Transf., mental view, survey; in hoc conspectn 
et cognitionc naturae, Cic II. Pass., appear- 
ance, Liv. A. Lit., conspectn suo proelium 
restituit, Liv. B. Meton., tuns jncundissfanus 
conspectus, Cic. 

oonspergo (con-spargo), -spersi -spersum, 3. 
to sprinkle, moisten by sprinkling ; me Incrimis, 
Cic. ; transf., ut oratio conspenw ait quasi verb- 
ornm sententiaruinqne floribus, interspersed 
with, Cic. 

conspiolendus -a -um, p. adj. (from 
conspiiin), worthy of bring seen, noteworthy ; 
opus, Liv. ; teiuplnm, Ov. 



conspiclo -spcxi -spectuni, 3. (co..i and 
specio), 1, to look at, view, behold, to descry, per- 
ceive; conspicerc nostros equites, Caes. ; in fastis 
OCUlia omnium COIlspici, Cic. ; indites in sunniio 
code, Caes. ; procul Ambiorigein suos cohortant* 
em, Caes. ; with ace and infin., calones qui 
nostros victores flunien transisse conspexerant, 
Caes.; 2, to look at with attention; Demetrium 
ut pacis auctorein cum ingenti favore ennspicie- 
bant, Liv. ; locum insidiis, for an ambush, Verg.; 
in pass., conspici, to attract notice, to be gazed at, 
to be distinguished; vein per urbem, conspici 
velle, Cic 

consplcor, 1. dep. (conspicio), to catch sight 
of, perceive ; ngtneu Aeduoruin, Caes. ; ex oppido 
caedem et fugam suoruni, Caes. 

conspL'-iius -a -um (conspicio), visible. A. 
Gen., conspicuus polus, Ov. B. remarkable, 
striking, conspicuous; conspicuus late vertex, 
Hor. ; Romania conspicnum eum novitas diviti- 
aeqne faciebant, Liv. 

conspi ratio -finis, f. (conspiro), 1, unison, 
harmony, agreement, union ; omnium bonorum, 
Cic ; magna amoris conspiration consentientes 
amicoruin greges, Cic. ; 2, in a tad sense, ron- 
spiracy, plot; conspiratio certoruui hominum 
contra dignitatem tuam, Cic 

conspiratus -a -um (partic. of conspiro), 
sworn together, united by an oath, Phaedr. Subst., 
COnspirati -ornm, m. conspirators, Suet. 

conspiro, 1. (com and spiro), to breathe 
together. I. A. to blow together, sound together ; 
aereaque assensu conspirant cornna ranco, Verg. 
B. to agree, harmonise in opinion and feeling, 
to unite; conspirate nobiscum, consentite cum 
bonis, Cic. ; indites legionis nonae subito eon- 
spirati (with one accord) pila conjecerunt, Cic 
II. In a bad sense, to conspire, to form a plot ; 
priusquam plures civitates eonspirarent, Caes. 

consponsor -oris, m. a joint surety, Cic 

conspuo -spfli •sputum, 3. to spit upon, 
Plant., Jttv. 

oonspurco, 1. to cover with dirt, ihfile, Luer. 

consputo, 1. (inehoat. of conspuo), to spit 
upon contemptuously ; nostros, Cic 

constans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (consto), a, steady, firm, unchanging, 
immovable, constant; quae cursus constantes 
habent, Cic; pax, Liv.; tides, Hor.; constans 
jam aeta.s, quae media dieitur, Cic.; b, of 
character, firm, resolute, unchanging, constant; 
sunt igitnv llnni et stabiles et constantes (aniici) 
nligendi, Cic; o, consistent, harmonious; oratio, 
Cic; d, uniform, unanimous; constant! fama 
atque omnium sennono celcbrari, Cic 

constanter, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(constans), a, firmly, consistently, constantly ; 
constanter in suo manere statu, Cic; constanter 
et noii tiepide pugnare, Caes.; constanter et sed- 
ate ferre dolorem, Cic. ; b, uniformly, harmoni- 
ously ; constanter omnes nuntiaverunt mains 
cogi, Caes. ; constanter sibi dicere, Cic 

constantia -ac, f. (constans), a, unchange- 
ahleness ; diotorum conventommqne constantia, 
Cic; b, perseverance, firmness; pertinacia ant 
constantia intercessoris, Cic; c, agreement, har- 
mony ; testimoniorum, Cic. 

consternatio -6nis, f. (consterno), 1, fear, 
dismay, consternation, confusion; pavor et con- 
sternatio qiiadrigarum, Liv.; pavor et conster- 
natio mentis, Tac ; 2, a mutiny, tumult; vulgi, 
Tac.; muliebris consternatio, Liv. 

1. consterno -stravi -stratum, 3. A. to strew, 
scatter, cover by stir icing; kabernacula caespiti- 
bus, Caes. ; omnia cadaveribus, Sail. ; constrata 
navis, a decked boat, Caes. ; subst., constrata 



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•Ot'tiin, ii., pontis, the flooring or gangway over 
a bridge of boats, Liv. B. to throw down; 
tempestas aliquot siguaconstravit, Liv. 

2. cousterno, 1. (intens. of 1. cousterno), 
1, to cause confusion, consternation, fear, to 
frighten; procella ita consternavit equoa, Liv.; 
esp. in pass., equi consternati, startled, Liv. ; 
pavida et consternata multitudo, Liv. ; also, to 
drive to flight by fear; in fugain consternati, 
Liv. ; 2, to excite to sedition or revolt ; metu 
servitutis ad arma consternati, Liv. 

COUStipo, 1. to 'press, crowd together; tantutn 
nuiiicruiu honunum iu agrum Campanum, Cic. 

constltuo --stitui -stitutum, 3. (com and 
stiituo). I. to cause to stand, place, put; hom- 
iuem ante pedes Q. Manilii, Cic; mil it. t. t., 
a, to draw up in line, place, station, arrange; 
signa ante tribunal, to set vp the standards, 
Liv. ; legionem Caesar constituit, drew up, 
Caes. ; naves in alto, Caes. ; intra silvas acieni 
ordinesque, Caes. ; b, to halt. ; signa hand pro- 
cul porta, Liv. ; agmen, Sail. II. to put in a 
particular place; 1, to station, post, settle; a, 
praesidia in Tolosatibus circumque Narbonein, 
Caes. ; plebem in agris jmblicis, Cic. ; b, to 
appoint to an office ; regem, Cic. ; aliquem sibi 
quaestoris in loco, Cic. ; with the ace, Conimiuin 
regem ibi, Caes.; 2, to found, establish ; a, of 
buildings, towns, etc., turres, Caes. ; oppidum, 
Caes. ; nidos, Cic. ; liiberna omnium legionum 
in Belgis, Caes. ; b, of institutions, taxes, etc., 
vectigal, Cic. ; of magistracies, quae (potent- 
ates, imperia, curationes) constituuntur ad pop- 
uli fructum, Cic.; c, of an undertaking, auction- 
em, Cic; actionem, to begin an action, Cic; 
crimen in aliqun, Cic; quaestionem, Cic ; d, of 
relations, to establish ; concordiani, Cic. ; ex- 
eniplum justitiae in hostem, Cic. ; e, of persons, 
ties legiones, to form, Caes. ; 3, to arrange, 
appoint, dispose, establish firmly; a, of the body, 
is cui corpus bene constitutum sit, Cic; b, of 
the character, animus bene constitutus, Cic ; c, 
of condition, situations, etc., rem familiarem, 
Cic. ; d, of the stare, bene constituta ci vitas, 
Cic ; 4, to fix, settle upon ; a, (a) tempus, diem, 
Cic, Caes.; mercedem funeris, Cic; pretium fru- 
mento, Cic. ; diem cum aliquo, Caes. ; with rel. 
sent., armoruin quantum quaeque civitas quod- 
que ante tempus eiticiatconstituit, Caes; with ace 
and infill., inehodie ventununes.se, Cic; with ut 
and the subj., ut L. Bestia quereretur de actioni- 
bus Ciceronis, Cic ; absol. , ut erat constitutum, 
Cic. ; (fi) of persons, to appoint, agree upon; accus- 
atorein, Cic; b, (a) to settle, determine ; nondum 
satis constitui molestiaene an plus voluptatis at- 
tulerit Trebatius noster; (fi) to determine at law, 
settle, decide; controversial]], Cic. ; de perspicuo 
jure, Cic. ; c, to come to a determination, to resolve ; 
haec ex re et ex tempore constitues, Cic. ; with 
inlin., bellum cum Germanis gerere, Caes.; with 
ut and the subj., ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem, 
Cic. 

constitutio -on is, f. (constituo), 1, consti- 
tution, condition, disposition, nature ; llrma con- 
stitutio corporis, Cic. ; reipublicae, Cic. ; ilia 
praeclara constitutio Romuli, Cic. ; 2, fixing, de- 
termining; a, the definition or settling of some- 
thing ; ea constitutio sumini boni quae est prae- 
posita, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t., the point in dispute, 
Cic; c, a regulation, order, ordinance; cogeb- 
atur alia aut ex decreto priorum legatoruin aut 
ex nova constitutione senatus facere, Cic. 

constitutum -i, n. (constitutus, from con- 
stituo), 1, a fixed place or time of meeting, rendez- 
vous ; V. Calend. igitur ad constitutum, Cic; 
constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, 
Cic; 2, an agreement, appointment, compact; 
ad constitutum experiendi gratia venire, Cic. 



constitutus -a- uin, partic. of eonstitud. 

consto -stfti -staturus, 1. to stand still. 1. 
Lit., Plant. II. Transf., A. Gen.; 1, a, to 

exist; nude omuis rerum nunc constet siuiiina 
creata. Liter. ; b, to consist; ex aiiimo constamus 
et coi pore, Cic. ; c, to depend upon, rest upon ; 
lnouuit eius diei victoriam in earum cohortium 
virtute constare, Caes.; 2, to cost; ambulati- 
uncula pi'ope diinidio minoris constabit isto 
loco, Cic. B. 1, to stand firm, remain; a, 
inilit. I. t. to hold one's ground, stand firm ; post- 
qnam nullo loco constabat aries, Liv. ; b, of 
looks, speech, etc. to remain the same, to be un- 
altered; adeo perturbavit ea vox legem, ut non 
color, non vultus ei constaret, Liv. ; 2, to be in 
good order; postquam cuncta videt caelo con- 
stare sereuo, Verg. ; esp., ratio constat, the ac- 
count is correct, Cic; 3, to remain in the same 
state, continue; nullum est genus rerum, quod 
avulsum a ceteris per se ipsum constare possit, 
Cic ; uti Humerus legiouuni constare videretur, 
Caes.; 4, toremainin thesame thought or opinion ; 
a, to remain constant; nee animuiu eius satis 
constare visum, Liv. ; constare sibi or alicui 
rei, to be true to; reliqui sibi constiterunt, Cic. ; 
constat humanitati suae, Cic. ; of resolves, to be 
fixed, firm; animo constat sententia, Verg. ; 
alicui constat, a person is resolved; mini quidem 
constat nee meam contumeliam nee meoruin 
ferj'e, ap. Cic. ; b, of evidence, facts, etc., to be 
certain, sure, well-known; eorum quae constant 
exempla ponemus, horum quae dubia sunt ex- 
empla atl'eiv.mus, Cic ; quod omnibus constabat 
hiemari in Gallia oportere, Caes. ; mihi plane 
non satis constit, utrum sit melius, Cic ; quum 
de Magio constet, Cic. 

constratum -i, n., v. 1. cousterno. 

constringo -stvinxi -strictum, 8. A. Lit., 
a, to draw, bind together; sarcinam, Plant.; b, 
to confine, fetter; corpora vinculis, Cic. B. 
Trans/., a, to strengthen, fortify; constringere 
tidem religione potius quam veritate, Cic. ; b, 
to confine, limit, fetter, restrain; orbem terrarum 
novis legibus, Cic. ; c, of discourse, to compress, 
abbreviate ; sententiam aptis verbis, Cic. 

constructlo -onis, f. (construo), 1, a'putting 
together, building, construction, making; hom- 
inis, Cic ; 2,^1'het. t. t. the proper connexion of 
words ; verborum apta et quasi rotunda, Cic. 

construo -struxi -stnictum, 8., 1, a, to heap . 
up together; acervos nuinmorum, Cic ; uivitias, 
Hor. ; b, to construct, build up ; mundunn, naveni, 
aedificium, Cic. ; 2, to arrange; dentes In ore 
construct! , Cic. 

constiiprator -oris, m. a ravisher, defiler, 
Liv. 

constiipro, 1, to ravtih, violate; matronas, 
Liv. ; tig., emptum constupratumque judicium, 
corrupt, Cic. 

consuadeo -si -sum, 2. to advise earnestly, 
riaut, 

Cousualia, v. Consus. 

consuasor -oris, in. (consuadeo), an adviser, 
Die. 

consudo, 1. to sweat profusely, Plaut. 

consuefacio -feci -factum, 3. (*consueo 
and facio), to accustom, habituate, (Gaetulorum) 
niultitudinein ordines habere, Sail. 

consuesco -suevi -suetum, 3. L Transit., 
to accustom to; brachia, Lucr. II. Intransit., a, 
to accustom oneself, and often in perf., consuevi, 
1 am accustomed; with infin., qui mentiri solet, 
pejeiare consuevit, Cic. ; with inanimate things 
as subjects, naves quae praesidii causa Alexan- 
driae esse consuerant, Caes. ; ut consuesti, as 
you are accustomed, Cic. ; b, to be intimate 
with; cum aliquo, cum aliqua, Cic. (perf. forms 



con 



iso 



con 



often conti'. edlisiicsti, constiestis, consuenius, 
cuusucrunt, consiierauij conauerim, consuosse). 

consuetudo -Inis, f. (eonsiioseo). I. cus- 
tom, usage, habit; 1, inos conauctudoquc civilis, 
Cic; withgcuib ofuubst., or gerund, consuetude) 
populi Human i, Cic. jcoiisuetudosemionisiiostri, 
Cic. ; consuetudo }ieccandl, Cic. ; consuetudo 
bona, Cic. ; adducere aliquem or se in cam con- 
suetudineni ut,etc.,Cacs. ; ah omnium Siculorum 
consuetudine discedere, Cic ; non estnicae con- 
suetudinis rationein reddere, Cic; tit est con- 
suetudo, as is the usual practice, Cic. ; mutare con- 
siietudinem dicendi, Cic. ; obdurescere alicnius 
rei consuetudine, Cic. ; tenere consnetudinem 
suam, Cic. ; iu consuetudinem venire, to become 
customary, Cic; ex consuetudine, Cues. ; con- 
suetudine, according to custom, Cic. ; 2, a, 
manner of living ; ad Buperiorem couBuetudfiicm 
reverti, Cic. ; i>, manne.ro/ speaki)ig ; co»sneU\do 
indocta, Cic. II. social intercourse, intimacy; 
insinuare in consuetudinem alicuius, Cic. ; esp. 
of lovers. Stupri vetus consuetudo, an, intrigue of 
long standing, Sail. 

consuetus -a -inn. I. Partic. of consu- 
esco(q.v.). II. P. adj., accustomed, customary, 
'jsual ; lubido, Sail. 

consul -sulis, m. (root CONS, or from con 
and the root of salio, ■which is seen in praesnl 
vul exsul), a consul, pi. consules, the consuls. I. 
the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, chosen 
by the comitia centuriata, originally from patri- 
cians only, but after 365 B.C., aho from the ple- 
beians ; consul ordinarius, one elected at the usual 
time (opp. consul suffectus, one chosen in the course 
oftheyear to supply the place of a consul deceased), 
Liv. ; consul designates, consul elect, so called 
between the election in July and entrance upon 
office on the 1st of January, Cic. ; consul major, 
the consul who had precedence of his colleague; 
consul Flaminius consul iterum, Cic ; aliquem 
dicerc consnlem, Liv. ; the year was generally 
called by the consuls' names, e.g., L. Pis'one et 

A. Gabiniocoss. (i.e. consiliums), i.e., (i'JO A.U.C., 
Caes, ; consule Tullo, Hor. ; the name of the 
consul stamped on the cork marked the age of 
wine ; Bibuli consults amphora, Hor. ; pro con- 
sule, an officer in the. place of the consul, a 
governor of a country, province, a proconsul; 
proconsule in Ciliciam prollcisci, to go as pro- 
consul to Cilicia, Cic. II. Transf., in the his- 
torians used instead of proconsul, Liv. 

consularis -e (consul), relating to a consul, 
consular. A. Adj., aetas, the age (namely forty- 
three), at which a man might lawfully be chosen con- 
sul, Cic. ; fasces, Liv. ; lictor, auctoritas, Cic. ; 
candidates, Cic. ; familia, Cic; imperium, Cic. ; 
locus, place in. the senate, Cic ; provincia, Caes. 

B. Bubst.j consularis -is m. one who had been 
a consul, on ex-consul, Cic. ; in the imperial 
period, a governor of consular railfc.TaC 

consulariter, adv. (consularis), in a manner 
worthy of a consul ; vitaonuiis consulariter acta, 
Liv. 

consulatus -us, m. (consul), the office oj con- 
sul, the consulship; abdienre se consul at u, Cic ; 
abdicare consulatum, Liv.; abire consulate, Liv.; 
adipisci consulatum, Cic. ; afferre consulatum in 
earn faniiliam, Cic; petere consulatum, Cic; 
peracto consulatu, Caes. 

consulo -sului-sultum, 3. (rootCONS, CENS, 
or from con and the root of salio). I. a, (o reflect, 
weigh, deliberate, consider, consult; iu commune, 
for the common good, Liv; in longitodineni, for 
the future, Tcr. : facto non consulto in tali peri- 
culo opus esse, Sail. ; re consults et explorata, 
Cic. ; quid agaut consuluut, Caes. ; b, to come 
t& a conclusion, to take measures; libero con- 
sulere ad summam rem, Caes. ; quae reges at- 



qne populi male consulueriut, Sail. ; obseCM 
ne quid graving de salute et iucolumitato tun. 
consulas, Caes. ; consulerc in, to take measures 
against; nihil in qucmqunm supbrue ac vio- 
lcntcr, Liv. ; c, to lake counsel for some person or 
thing, to have regard for the interests of, look to; 
withdat., parti civinin consulere, parti negligere, 
Cic; silii, Cic; dignitati alicuius, Cic ; alicui 
optime, Cic. ; with ut, ne, or (with preced, neg- 
at.) qnomimis and the snbj., Cic. ; d, aliquid 
tioni consulere, to take in goad part ; haec missa, 
Ov. II. to ask the adrice of, consult; nee te id 
consul. i, consult about that, Cic. ; quod me tie 
Antonio consnlis, Cic ; quid mihi faciendum 
esse consent, Cic ; a, to ask the opinion of the 
senate, to bring amatter before the senate; senatUS 
a Histia consultus est, placeretne legatos Ju- 
gurthao recipi moenibus, Sail. ; b, tolay amatter 
before the. people; seniores de tribus consulendum 
dixerunt esse, Liv. ; c, to take legal advice ; qui 
dejurc civili consuli solent, Cic. ; d, to consult 
an oracle, or deity; haruspicem, Cic; Phoebi 
oracula, Ov. ; exta, Verg. ; Apollinem Pythium 
quas potissimum regiones tenereut, Cic. ;*id pos- 
setne fieri, consuluit, Cic. 

consultatio -onis, f. (-2. consulto), 1, a 
full consideration, deliberation; a, venit aliquid 
iu consultationem, Cic. ; consultationem raptim 
transigere,"Liv. ; b, a case proposed for consider- 
ation, Quint. ; 2, an asking for advice, inquiry; 
consultation! alicuius respondere, Cic. 

consulto, adv., with compar. and superb 
(consultus), advisedly, after consideration ; ca-ute 
ac consulte gerere aliquid, Liv. 

1. consulto, adv. (ahl. of consultum), delib- 
erately, designedly ; consulto fecisse aliquid, Cic; 
non consulto sed casu iu eornm mentionem bi- 
dders, Cic. 

2. consulto, 1. (freq. of consulo). I. to 

consider maturely, weigh, ponder. A. Gen., de 
officio, Cic ; triduum ad consultandum dare, 
Liv. ; in longius, for the future, Tac; in medium, 
for the common good, Sail. ; consultabat, Utrnin 
Remain proticisceretur, an Capnam teneret, Cic. 
B. alicui, to consult for, provide, for; reipub- 
licae, Sail. II. (o consult, ask advice of; ali- 
quem, Tib. ; vates ad earn rem consultandani 
ex Etruria accire, Liv. 

consultor -oris, m. (consulo), 1, an adviser; 
egomet in aginine, in proelio consultor idem et 
BOcius pericnli vobiscum adero, Sail. ; 2, one. 
who asks advice, especially legal advice, a client ; 
consultoribus suis respondere, Cic. 

consultrix -Icis, f. (consultor), one who con- 
sults, cares for, provides; natura consultrix et 
provida utilitatum, Cic. 

consultum -i, n. (consultus, from consulo), 
resolution, plan, decision ; a, consulto collegae, 
virtute militum victoria parta est, Liv.; facta 
et consulta fortium et snpientiutn, Cic. ; b, esp. 
a decree of the senate at Home, senatus constllt- 
uin (shortened to S.C.); senatus consultum fac- 
cre, Cic; 8.C. facere in aliquem, Liv.; S.C. facere 
ut, etc, Cic. ; alicui senatus consulto scribendo 
adesse, Cic; consulta patrum, Hor.; c, the 
decree of a Sicilian senate (/SovA>j), Cic; d, the 
answer of an oracle ; diim consulta petis, Verg. 

1. consultus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superb (consulo), a, well considered, delib- 
erated upon, well weighed : omnia consulta ad nos 
et exquisita deferunt, Cic ; b, of persons, ex- 
perienced, esp. in law; with genit.., juris con- 
sultus (adj. or Btibst.), some ow learned in the 
law, cic ; consultissinms vir omnis divini et 
human! juris, Liv. ; consultus insanientis sapi- 
entiae, Hor. ; with abl., jure consultus, Cic 
Subst., consultus -i, in. a lawyer. Hor 



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2. COnsultus -iis, in. (consulo) = coiisultum 
(q.v.). 

consutn -fui -futurnm -fore, tobe, to happen, 
Plant., Ter. 

consummation -onis, f. (consumma), 1, a 
summing up, adding up, Plin. ; 2, a finishing, 
completion, consummation; maxiinarum rerum, 
Sen. 

consumraatus -a -am,. p. adj. with suporl. 
(consummo), complete, perfect, consummate; elo- 
quentia, Quint. ; orator, Quint. 

consummo, 1. (com and summa), 1, to add 
together, sum up; transf., to form a whole, com- 
plete ; quae consnmmatui partibus, una dies (of 
an intercalary day), Ov. ; in suum docus nom- 
euque velut consiunmata eius belli gloria, lay.; 
2, to complete, finish ; earn rem, Liv. 

consumo -sumpsi -suniptum, 3. to take al- 
together, consume. A. In doing something, to 
spend, employ ; pecuniani inagrormn coemption- 
ibus, Cic. ; oinne tempn.s in litteris, Cic. ; in- 
geniuin in musicis, Cic. ; oinnein laborem, op- 
eram, curam, studium in salute alicuius, Cic. 
E. to destroy, waste, bring to an end ; a, omnia 
tela, to shoot away, Caes. ; of provisions, oinne 
fnimentum, Caes. ; of property, patrimouia, 
Cic. ; omnes fortunas sociorum, Caes. ; of time, 
to spend, pass; magna diei parte consumptn, 
Caes. ; aestatem in Treviris, Caes. ; consuinendi 
otii causa, Cic. ; horas multas saepe suavissimo 
sermone, Cic. ; of resources or activity, to waste, 
consume in vain; multam opcram frustra, Cic. ; 
D, to uxiste, or wear away, destroy; quum sain 
(qnercuin) tempestas vetustasve consuinpserit, 
Cic. ; in pass., consumi incendio, or flamma, to 
be destroyed by fire ; quae (aedes) priore anno 
incendio consumptae erant, Liv.; of life, to de- 
stroy, kill; si me vis aliqua morbi aut naturaipsa 
consumpsisset, Cic. ; totidem plagis hostem, 
Hor. ; garrulus hunc consumet, will be the death 
of him, Hor. ; fame consumi, to die of hunger, 
Caes. 

consumptio -onis, f. (consumo), a con- 
sumption, consuming, destroying, Cic. 

consumptor -oris, m. (consumo), a con- 
sumer, destroyer; confector et consumptor 
omnium, Cic. 

consiio -sui -siitum, 3. to sew together, stitch 
together, Plaut. 

consurgo -surrexi -Biirrectum, 3. to rise up, 
stand up. I. Lit., 1, of persons, a, lying down ; 
consolatus (ad terrain projectos) consurgere 
jussit, Caes. ; b, sitting ; senatus cunctus con- 
surgit, Cic; esp. of an orator, to rise up to speak; 
consurgit P. Scaptius de plebe et iuquit, Liv. ; 
to rise up in honour of some one ; consurrexisse 
omnes et senem sessum recepisse, Cic. ; c, of 
persons kneeling, paulisper addubitavit an con- 
surgendi jam triariis tempus esset, Liv. ; d, of 
persons fighting, to raise oneself to give more force 
to a blow; ad iterandum ictum, Liv.; 2, of 
things without life, consurgnnt venti, Verg. ; 
consurguut geminae quercus, Verg. II. Transf., 
l f of persons, to rise for any action, join in an 
insurrection ; magno tumultu ad bellum, Liv. ; 
2, of things, to break out; novum bollum, verg. 

consHrrectio -onis, f. (consurgo), a rising 
up from' a seat ; judicum, Cic. 

Consus -i, m. an ancient Roman deity, whose 
worshiu was said to have been introduced by 
Romulus ; hence, Consualia -mm, n. games 
in honour of Consus, on the 21st of August and 
15th of December. 

consiisurro, 1. to whisper together, Ter. 
contabefacio, 3. to consume, cause to waste 
away, Plant 



contabesco -tiibui, 3. to waste away, wear 
away gradually; Artemisia luctu confecta con- 
tabuit, Cic. 

contabulatlo -onis, f. (oonUibulo), a cover- . 
ing with boards, planking, floor, Caes. 

oontabulo, 1. to cover witit, boards, to plank ; ■ 
turrem, Caes. 
oontabundus = cunctabundus (q.v.). 
oontactus -us, ni. (contingo), 1, a contact, 
touching, touch; sanguinis, Ov. ; 2, a touching 
of scmiething unclean, contagion ; contactus 
aegrorum vulgabat morbos, Liv. ; transf., oculos ' 
a contactu dominationis inviolatos, Tac. 

contages -is, f. (contingo), a touch, touching, . 
Lucr. 

contagio -onis, f. (contingo), a touching, con? . 
nexion ; 1, gen., quum est somuo sevocatus • 
animus a societate et contagione corporis, Cic.; 
2, a touching of something unclean, contagion, 
infection; a, physical, contagio pestifera, Liv.; . 
b, moral, bad companionship, evil example ; turpi- 
tudinis, Cic. ; furoris, Liv. 

contagium -ii, n. (contingo), 1, touch, Lucr.; 
2, infection, contagion ; a, physical, mala vicini 
pecoriscontagja, Verg.; b, moral, contagialucri, 
Hor. 

oontaminatus -a -um, p. adj. with supcrl. 
(containing), unclean, contaminated, Oic. 

contamino, 1. (com and TAG -o, tango). 
to render unolean by contact or mixture, con' 
taminate; sanguinem, Liv.; se scelere, Cic. I 
veritatem aliquo mendacio, Cic. 

contatio, contatus, etc.= cunctatio, cunc- 
tatus, etc. (q.v.). 
conteclmor, 1. dep. to devise a trick, Plant. 
contego -texi -tectum, 3. to cover. A. Lit., 
a. locum liuteis, Liv. ; eos uno tumulo, to bury, 
Liv. ; b, to conceal ; corporis partes, quae aa- 
pectum sint deformem habitume, contegere 
atque abdore, Cic. B. Transf., to conceal ;■ 
libidines fronte ot supercilio, non pudore eb 
temperantiii, Cic. 
contemero, l. to pollute, defile, Ov. 
conterano -tempsi -temptnm, 3. to think . 
meanly of, despise, contemn. I. Gen., casus 
lmmanos, Cic. ; Roiuam prae sua Capua irridere • 
atque contemnere, Cic. ; with intin., contemnere 
coronari, Hor. ; with ace. and infin., ut ipsum . 
Vinci contemnerent, Cic. IL Esp., to ridicule, ' 
make little of; Adherbalis dicta, Sail. ; se non 
contemnere, to have a high opinion of oneself, Cie. • 

contemplatio -onis, f. (contemplor), at- 
tentive or eager looking at, contemplation. A. ' 
Lit., caeli, Cic. B. Transf., naturae, Cic 

contemplator -oris, m. (contemplor), one 
who attentively looks at or contemplates ; caeli, Cic. 

conteniplatus, abl. -u, ra. (contemplor), a 
looking at, contemplation, Ov. 

contemplor (contemplo), 1. dep. (com and ' 
tcmplum), to look at attentively or minutely, re- 
gard, contemplate. A. Lit, coelum suspicere ' 
coelestiaque conteniplari,'Crc. ; situm Carthag- 
inis, Liv. B. Transf., to consider carefully; 
ut totam causam quam maxime intentis oculis, 
ut aiunt, acerrime contcmplemini, Cic. 

contemptim, adv. with compar. (contempt- ' 
us), contemptuously ; de Romanis loqui, Cic 

contemptio -onis, f. (contemno), contempt, . 
scorn, disdain; pecuniae, Cic 

contemptor -Oris, in. (contemno), one who 
contemns or despises; divitiarum, Liv.; divum, 
Verg. ; attrib., nemo tain contemptor famae est, 
Liv. ; contemptor lucis animus, Verg.';. cou- 
temptor animus, Sail. 



CGll 



13* 



UOi». 



1. contemptus -a -uni, p. adj. with oompar. 
aild supei'l. (contemiio), despised, despicable, con- 
temptible ; a, of things, vita contempta ac 
sordida, Cic ; b, of persons, homo contemptus 
et abjectua, Cic. 

2. contemptus -us, in. (comteinno), a mtdn 
opinion, contempt, disdain ; a, pass., hominibus 
Oallis prae magnitudine corporum suoruin brev- 
it-as nostra contemptui est, Caes. ; b, act., con- 
temptus inorieudi, Tac. 

oontendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. Lit., to 
Ktrttch forcibly ; arcum,Verg. ; ballistas lapiilnm 
et reliqua tormentatelorum contendere atque ad- 
ducere, Cic. ; and lience of missiles, to shoot, cast ; 
tela, Verg. II. Transf., A. to strive with all 
one's bodily or mental power, to strain, exert one- 
self; 1. of the bodily powers, a, gen-, (a)transit., 
surumns vires, Lucr.; (j3) intransit., eniti et con- 
tendere debet nt vincat, Cic. ; luga salutem 
petere contendunt, Caes. ; b, to hasten on a 
■journey, try to reach; Bibracte ire conteudit, 
Caes. ; fig., si potuissemus, quo contendimus 
pervenire, Cic. ; 2, of the mental powers, a, to 
exert oneself; (a) transit, contenditomnes nervos 
Chrysippus ut, etc., Cic. ; (ft) intransit., maximis 
laboribus et periculis ad siinimam laudem 
gloriamque, Cic. ; ob earn causam contendi, ut 
pl'ira dicerem, Cic. ; b, to strive to obtain some- 
thing, strive for ; non erat causa, cur hoc tem- 
pore aliquid a to contendercm, Cic. ; ab aliquo 
valde de reditu in gratiam, Cic. ; vehementer 
contendere ab aliquo ut, etc., Cic. ; c, to assert 
■with confidence, maintain; contendentes num- 
quam earn urbein fuisse exTriphylia, Liv. B. to 
strive, with some one else; 1, a, cum victore, Caes. ; 
contra Paridem, Verg.; pro vitulis contra leon'es, 
Cic. ; inter se de principatu, Caes. ; cum Libone 
de mittendis legatis, Caes. ; b, at an auction, 
to bid against, Cic; 2, to compare, contrast; 
ipsas causas, quae inter se conlligunt, Cic. 

1. contente, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(1. eontentus), eagerly, earnestly; contente pro 
se dicere, Cic. 

2. contente, adv. (2. eontentus), strictly, 
sparingly, Plaut. 

contentio -onis, f. (contendo), the full exer- 
cise of the powers, effort, striving. I, Gen., vocis, 
the raising or straining of the voice, Cic. ; aninii, 
Cic. II. 1, combat, contest, contention, strife; 
magna contentio belli, Cic. ; adversus procur- 
ators contentio dicendi, Cic. ; in contentionem 
honoris incidere, rivalry in seeking d public 
office, Cic. ; contentiones habere cum aliquo, 
Caes.; 2, a, a contrast, comparison; hominnm 
ipsorum or fortnnarum contentionem facere, 
Cic; b, rhet. t, t., antithesis, juxtaposition of op- 
poseil ideas, Quint. 

con tent loans -a -um (contentio), pertain- 
ing t" a contest, contentions, quarrelsome, I'lin. 

1. eontentus -a -um, p. adj. (contendo), 
stretched, tense. A. Lit., funis, Hnr. B. Transf., 
a, onora cnntentls corporibus facilius foruntur, 
remissis opprimunt, Cic; b, eager, zealous; 
ad tribunatum contento studio cursuque veni- 
amus, Cic 

2. eontentus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(contineo), contented, satisfied; with abl., suis 
rebus, Cic ; ea victoria, Cic. ; eontentus quod, 
etc., Cic ; with infln, Ov. 

conterminus -a -um, having the same 
boundary, conterminous, near ; contermina stab- 
ula ripae, Ov. Subst, contormmuui -1, n. 
an adjoining region, a confine, Tac. 

contero -trlvi -tritum, 3. I. In narrow 
sense, to rub away, reduce to small portions by 
rubbing, to grind, pound ; cornua cervi, Ov. If. 
In wider sense, 1, to destroy, wear away; cius 



ouinesinjuriasvoluntaiiaquftdaiholiliviolie, Cic;) 
reliqua eoiiterere et contemiiere, trample under 
foot, Cic; ferrum, to wear away by itsing, Ov. j 
se in musicis, gebmetriil, astris, Cic. ; 2, of time, 
to consume, spend; omne otiosum teinpus 111 
studils, Cic; boiium otiuni socoidia atque des- 
idla, Ball. 

conterreo -terrtii -territuiH, 2. to terrify, 
frighten c rccedingly ; conterrere loquacitatem uli- 
cuius vultu ipso aspectuque, Cic; his mmtiis 
senatus conterritus, Liv. 

contestatio -onis, f. (cont.estor), an earnest 

supplication, eager request, Cic. 

contestor, 1. dep. 1, to call to witness ; deos 
hominesque, Cic. ; 2, a, litem, tosrianaction on 
foot, inaugurate an action by calling witnesses, Cic; 
b, transf., virtus contestata, approved, Cic. 

contexo -texui -tectum, 3. I. Lit., to iceave 
together, twine together, connect, unite ; lilia amar- 
anthis, Tib.; ovium villis contextis homines 
vestiuntur, Cic II. Transf., 1, to connect, 
unite; extrema cum prirais, Cic; 2, to con- 
tinue ; carmen longius, Cic; 3, to build, con- 
struct, put together; sic deincepsomne opus con- 
texitur, Caes.; equum trabibus acernis, Verg.; 
4, to devise, invent ; crimen, Cic. 

contexte, adv. (contextus), in close con- 
nexion, Cic. 

1. contextus -a -um, p. adj. (from contexo), 
interwoven, connected, united; a, contexts con- 
densaque corpora, Lucr. ; b, perpetuae et con- 
textae voluptates, an unbroken series of pleasures, 
Cic. ; c, context* historia eorum temporum, 
continuous, Nep. 

2. contextus -us, m. (contexo), uniting, 
connexion; a, contexlum corporum dissolvere, 
Lucr. ; b, of abstractions, mirabilis contextus 
remm, Cic. ; c, of oratory, totns quasi contextus 
orationis, Cic. 

conticesco -ticfti, 3. (inchoat. of conticeo), 
to become silent, to be dumb, silent. I. Lit., a, of 
persons, conscientia convictus repente contieuit, 
Cic; b, of personifications, uequ« ulla aetas de 
tuis laudibus conticescet, Cic. II. Transf., to 
become still or quiet, to abate, cease; illae scilicet 
litterae conticuerunt forenses et senatoriae, Cic. 

contlgnatlo -onis, F.^eontigno), woodwork, 
a flooring, joists, storey, Caes. 

contigno, 1. (coin and tignum), to put planks 
together, to floor, Cic. 

contiguus -a -um (contingo). I. Act., that 
which touches another, contiguous, near; domus, 
Ov. ; pars circi quae Aventino contigua, Tac. ; 
Cappadoces, Tac. II. Pass, with dat., within 
reach of; contiguus missae hastae, Verg. 

continens -cutis, p. adj. with compar. (con- 
tineo). I. 1, lying near, adjacent, bordering 
upon; pracdiacontinentia huio fundo, Cic; con- 
tinentibus diebllS, in the days immediately follow- 
ing, Caes.; 2, a, hanging together, uulrroken ; ag- 
men, Liv. ; terra continens, the mainland, Cic ; 
subst., continens -entis, f. a continent, Caes.; 
b, of time, continuous, unbroken ; e continenti 
genere, in unbroken genecdogical succession, Cic. ; 
totius diei continens labor, Caes.; continenti cur- 
su, Liv. II. temperate, continent; puer, Cic ; ne 
continentior in vita hominnm, quain in pecunia 
fuisse videatur, Caes. III. Rhet. t. t.„ subst., 
continens -entis, f. the main point ; causae, Cic. 

continental*, adv. (continens) 1. a. of 
space, in close succession ; sedetis, Cat. ; b, of 
time, continuously, without cessation; tota nocte 
ierunt, Caes.; 2, continently, temperately; viv- 
ere, Cic. 

continentia -ae, f. (contineo), continence, 
self-restraint, moderation, temperance ; continentia 
iu oiuni victu cultuque corporis, Cic 



con 



133 



con 



contmeo -tlnui -tcntum, 2. (com ard teneo). 
I. to keep togetlier; 1 a, to bi,ul together, hold 
fast; quum agger altiore aqua contineri non 
posset, Caes. ; transf., nee enim ulla res velie- 
menttus rempublicam coutinet quam tides, Cic. ; 
p, to keep together, unseparatul ; legtoncs uno 
hi loco, Caes. ; c, to connect, join; quod oppid- 
nm Genabum pons fluminis Ligeris continebat, 
Caes.; 2, a, to keep in, surround, contain, limit'; 
mundus qui omnia complexu suo coercet et cou- 
tinet, Cic; to confine; beluas imniaiies saeptis, 
Cic; milit. t. t., to shut in; rompejum quam 
augustissime, Caes. ; b, to contain, comprehend, 
comprise; tales res quales hie liber continet, 
Cic. ; de summo bono quod continet philoso- 
pliiam, which is the main point in philosophy, 
Cic. ; status reipublicae maxiine judieatis rebus 
cwntinetur, is involved in, depends upon, Cic. 
II. to keep, maintain; 1, a, to keep firm; naves 
minus commode copulis continebantur ; b, to 
keep what has been taken or received ; alvus arcet 
et continet quod recipit, Cic. ; 2, a, to keep in a 
place or occupation ; milites sub pellibus, Caes.; 
se suo loco, Caes.; se in suis perennibus studiis, 
tie. ; Belgas in officio, to maintain in allegiance, 
Caes. ; b, to keep back, be silent about ; petimus ab 
Antonio, ut ea quae continet neque adhuc pro- 
tulit expheet nobis, Cic. ; 3, to restrain, confine, 
keep back; a, lit., risum, Cic; gradum, to check, 
»eig. ; b, transf., to keep some one Jrom some 
thing; suos a proelio, Caes.; contineo me ab 
exeniphs, Cic; to keep obedient, hold in check; 
etusus non tain armis, quam judiciorum ten-ore, 
Liv.; c, morally, to restrain, curb, repress; 
unities cupiditates, Cic. ; non posse milites con- 
linen quin, etc., Caes. 

1. contingo (continguo), 3. to wet, moisten, 
Lucr. ' 

T % c °n*ingo -ligi -tactum, 3. (com and tango). 
I. transit., to touch. A. Lit., a, terrain osculo, 
Liv.; paene terrain. (of the moon), Cic; b to 
grasp ; dextram, Li v. ; c, poet., to touch, taste ; cib- 
os ore, Ov.; d.to spriulde ; ora uati sacro medic- 
amine, Ov.; efro reach to, touch ; nullas profecto 
terras caelum contingere, Liv.; esp. geograph. 
1. 1., to border on, touch; quorum agri non contin"- 
unt mare, Cic. ; f, to reach; (a) au aim with°a 
missile, ex tanta altitudine contingere hostem 
non posse, Liv. ; (0) an object desired, optatam 
cursu metam, Hor. ; Italiam, Verg. ; (y) of the 
voice, to reach the car of; nee contigit ullu.ni vox 
ttiea mortalem, Ov. B. Transf., a, to be related 
to; altquem sanguine ac genere, Liv.; to concern, 
affect; Homanos nihil (consultatio) continoit. 
nisi quatenus, eta., Liv.; b, to pollute, defile; 
milites contact! sacrilegio, Liv. II. Intransit. 
to happen, to be/all; with dat., nrihi omnia, quae 
opto, contingaut, Cic; with inlin., celeriter 
anteeellere omnibus ingenii gloria contigit, Cic ; 
with ut and the subj., quouiam autem, tecum 
ut esseiii, non contigit, Cic. 

continiiatio -onis, f. (continuo). I. Act 
an iinbroken coiitinuance, continuing; tribunal 
us Lit. II. Pass., A. connexion, continuation,- 
unbroken succession; causarum, Cic; rhet. t. t 
a period ; minis longa continuatio verbonim, Cic' 
p. an unbroken succession, continuance in time ■ 
inibriuni, Caes. ' 

continiiltas -atis, f. (continuus), continu- 
ity, unbroken succession, Varr. 

1. continuo, adv. (continuus), 1, immedi- 
ately, at once, Cic; 2, in conjunction with a 
negative, not immediately = not necessarily • in 
a question = perhaps then? non continuo si me 
in gregem sicanoi urn contuli, sum sicuius, Cic 

2. continuo, 1. (continuus). I. Of space, to 
hrmn into connexion, oonnect, unite; aer mari 
foiitimiatus est, Cjc ; Snionimis Sjtonuni gentes 



continuantur, are adjacent to, Tac.? verba to 
form mlo a sentence, Cic; binas aut ampliua 
domos, Sail. ; aediticia uioenibus, Liv. ; agmen 
latissune, to extend, Cic. II. Of time, a, to do 
in rapid succession, to keep on doing; prupo con- 
tinuatis funeribus, the funerals Mowing close on 
one another, Liv.; b, to continue without inter- 
rupUon; diem noctemque potando, continue 
drinking day and night, Tac. ; iter die et nocte, 
Caes. ; militiam, Liv. ; magistratum, to prolong, 
ball. ; alicui consulatum, Liv. 

continuus -a -urn (contineo), connected with, 
hanging together, continuous, unbroken, uninter' 
rupted I. Of space, a, Leucada continuant vet' 
eres habuere coloni, connected with the main 
land, Ov. ; transf. of persons, Nerva, continuuSt 
pnncipi, standing next to, Tac. ; b, unsejxirated, 
undivided; Rhenus uno alveo continuus, Tac, J 
translations, Cic. II. Of time, successive, fol- 
lowing on, uninterrupted ; secutaesuntcontiuuos 
complures dies tempestates, Caes.; superiors 
continuorum annorum decreta, Cic. ; oppugnatio, 
Liv. 

contio -onis, f. (contr. from conventio), 1, 
an assembly of the people or of the soldiers, a public 
meeting; contionem advocare, Cic; advocare 
contionein populi or inilitum, Caes. ; vocare ad 
contionem, Liv. ; ltabere, Cic. : dimittere, Liv. ; 
dare alicui contionem (of a magistrate, who 
called the meeting), Cic; prodiie in con- 
tionem, Cic ; producere aliquem in contionem, 
Liv. ; aliquid in contione dicere, Cic. ; in con- 
tionem uscendere or escenderc, to go up to the 
platjorm to speak, Liv. ; 2, ineton., the speech 
made in such an assembly; contiones turbulentae 
Metclli, temerariae Appii, furiosissimae Publii, 
Cic. ; habere contiones in Caesarem graves, 
Caes. ; funebris, a funeral oration, Cic. 

contionabundus -a -urn (contionor), har- 
anguing, sj^eaking in public, Liv. 

contionalis -e (contio), relating to a puUio 
assembly; contionalis prope clamor senatus, 
Cic; ilia contionalis hirudo aerarii, that blood- 
sucker and demagogue, Cic. 

contionarius -a -urn (contio), relating to a 
public assembly; ille contionarius populus, Cic. 

contionator -oris, in. (contionor), a popular 
orator, demagogue, Cic. 

contionor, 1. dep. (contio), a, to form, com- 
pose an assembly; nunc illi vos singuli universos 
contionantes timent, Liv. ; b, to speak in public 
be/ore an assembly; apud milites, Caes.; superiore 
e loco, Cic; also to proclaim publicly, speak with 
a loud voice; C. Cato contionatus est se coraitia 
haberi non situruni, Cic 

contiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of contio), 1, a 
small assembly, Cic; 2, a short harangue, Cic. 

contollo, 3. (obsol. for confero), gradum, (* 
betake oneself, Plaut. 

contdnat, impers. it thunders violently. 
Plaut. "' 

• contor = cunctor (q.v.). 

contorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. I. to twist,' 
whirl, turn violently, contort; gubernaclum, 
Lucr. ; membra quocunque vult, to direct, turn, 
Cic ; proram ad laevas undas, Verg. II. Lsp. 
to brandish, to hurl, contorquere hastam in latus, 
\ erg. ; transf., verba, to hurl forth, Cic. 

contorte, adv. with compar. (contortus), tj» 
nstorled order, in a constrained manner, ambiga 
maty; dicere, Cic. 

contortlo -onis, f. (contorqueo), a swinging, 
twisting; contortioncs orationis, distorted ex- 
pressions, Cic. 

contortor -oris, m. (tontorqueo), one who 
poTftorfa or perverts; legum, Ter. 



Con 



13-1 



con 



contortiilus -a -um (dim. of contortus), 
tomewhat intricate, ohscure, Cic 
contortus -a -um (p. adj. from contorqueo), 

I, intricate, confused, complicated ; contortae et 
dimciles res, Cic; 2, powerful, vigorous; oiatio, 
Cic. 

contra (from com, as extra from ex). I. Adv., 
A. Of place, opposite, over against, on the oppo- 
site side; ulmtis erat contra, Ov. ; omnia con- 
tra oircaque plena liostiuin erant, Liv. B. Of 
actions, 1, which answer to one another, in re- 
turn; (ilium hie migatur, contra migari lubet, 
Plant. ; 2, which are opposed to one another, on 
the other siile, on, the contrary ; alia aestimabilia, 
alia contra, Cic. ; foil, by atque, or quain, siinu- 
laontm Jovis contra atque antea fucrat coii- 
vertere, Cic; qunm contra fecerint quaui poll- 
iciti sint, Cic. ; 3, used of hostile opposition, 
■against; pugnare, Lucr. : consistere, Caes. ; dic- 
ere, Cic. II. Prep, with ace, 1, opposite to, 
.over against; insula quae contra Bnindusinum 
portum est, Caes. ; 2, against, in opposition to, 
contrary to; vim atque impetum fluniinis, Caes.; 
opinionem, Cic. ; contra ea, on the contrary, on 
the, other hand, Caes.; 3, against, in the sense of 
hostility; contra popnlum Romanum conjurasse, 
.Caes. ; contra deos disputare, Cic. (Contra occa- 
sionally is placed after its ace in the case of a 
noun, Verg.; of a rel. pronoun, quos contra, Cic.) 

ContractiO -Onis, f. (contraho), a drawing 
together, contmction. A. Lit, contractio et 
porrectio digitorum, Cic. ; frontis, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, abbreviation, shortness; orationis, 
Cic; syllabae, Cic; 2, anxiety, depression; 
•animi, Cic 

contractiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of con- 
tractio), dejection, sadness ; animi, Cic. 

contractus -a -um, p. .i.lj. with cdnipar. 
(contraho), drawn in, contracted, narrow; a, 
of places, locus exiguus atque contractus, Verg.; 
b, of time, shorter; his jam contractioribus 
noetibus, Cic; c, of the voice, contractum genus 
vocis, Cic. ; d, of oratory, dialectiea quasi con- 
tract* et aatrictfl eloquentia putanda est, Cic ; 
e, of circumstances, straitened ; paupertas, 
Hor. ; f, retired, quiet; contractus leget, Hor. 

contradico -dixi -dictum, 3. to gainsay, speak 
against, contradict; sententiis alinrum, Tac; 
nee contradici quin amicitia do integro reco.i- 
cilietur, Liv. 

contradictio -onis, f. (contradico), a speak- 
. ing against, contradiction, Quint. 

contraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw to- 
gether, collect, unite (opp. dissipare). A. Lit., 
a, inilit. t. t., cohortes ex flnitimis regionilms, 
■Caes. ; inagnam classem, Nep. ; Luceriam omnes 
copias, Cic. ; oinnes or omnia ad uiuim, Cic. ; b, 
to bring together for conversation, etc. ; Scipion- 
cin et Hasdrubalem ad colloquium dirimeiidarum 
siiniiltatum causa, Liv. B. Transf., a, to unite ; 
oontrahit celcritor siniilltudo eos, Liv. ; con- 
trahere amioitiain, to form friendsliip, Cic. ; b, to 
complete a business arrangement ; rem, rationem" 
negotlum, Cic. ; oontrabere mngnam rationem 
cum Mauritaniae rege, Cic. ; c, to cause, bring 
on, bring about; aes alienum, to contract debt, 
Olc; bellum, Liv.; lites, Cic. ; porca contracta, 
due to expiate a crime, Cic. ; onenaionem, Cic. 

II. to draw together bit viay of shortening. A. Lit., 
a, fronteui, Cic ; colluin, Cic. ; pnlmones se con- 
trahnnt, Cic; contractum aliquo luorbo bovis 
cor, Cic. ; vela, to furl one's sails, lig., to be mod- 
erate, Cic. ; b, of limbs, parts of the body, 
to contract (from cold, death, etc.); contractu 
frigorB pigrae, numbing, Verg. B. Transf., to 
shorten, reduce-, draw in, draw together; a, 
casrra, Caes. ; of the moon, orbom, Ov. ; b, of 
speech, to shorten; orationcni in vrrbum coii- 



trahere, Cic. ; c, of appetites, to repress ; appct- 
itus omnes contraherc, Cic.; d, of courage, etc, 
to lonrr, lessen ; aninmm, Cic. 

contrarie, adv. (contrarius), in an opposite 
direction or manner; sidera contrarie proceden- 
tia, Cic. ; verba relata contrarie, Cic. 

contrarius -a -um (contra). I. Of place, op- 
posite, over against; collis nascebatur adversus 
huic et contrarius, Caes.; vulnera, wounds in 
front, Tac. II. A. coming from the opposite 
direction; contrarius ictus, a blow from an 
enemy, Cic. ; in contrarias partes flucre, Cic. ; 
classi COlltraria llamina, contrary winds, Ov. ; in 
comparison, followed by atque, qui versautur 
contrario motu atque caelum, Cic. B. 1, o^>- 
posed, contrary t<> ; contrariae epistolae, contra- 
dictory, Cic. ; in contrarias partes disputarc or 
disserere dc aliqua re, to speak for and against, 
Cic. ; with genii., hums viitutis contraria est 
vitiositas, Cic ; with dat., nihil malum esse, 
nisi quodjrtrtuti contrarium esset, Cic. ; subst., 
contrarium -ii, n. the opposite; in contrarium 
disputare, Tac. ; followed by atque or ;tc, contra- 
rium deccrnebat ac paulo ante decreverat, Cic. ; 
adv., ex contralto, against, on the other side; ut 
ego hoc ex contrario contendo, Cic. ; plur., com- 
parare contraria, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, opposed to in 
a hostile manner; anna, Ov. ; b, i7ijurious; 
otiuin maxime contrarium esse, Caes. 

contrectabiliter.adv. (contrectabilis), with 
feeling, Lucr. 

contrectatio-Onis, f. (contrecto), atouching, 
handling, Cic. 

contrecto, 1. (contra eto), to touch, feel, 
handle. I. A. Lit., vulnus, Ov. B. Transf., tot- 
aque mente contrectare varias voluptatcs, con- 
sider, Cic. II. to dishonour, Tac. 

contremisco (contr?mesco), -trenmi, 3. a, 
totrnnble violently, to quake; contremiscere tota 
mente atque artubus omnibus, Cic ;b, to trem- 
ble before, be afraid of; pericnlum, Hor. 

contrcmo, 3. to tremble violently, quake, 
Lucr. 

contribuo -tribui-trflnrtuni, 3., a, to contri- 
bute to in common with others ; nee lion l'eiieae nee 
Spercheides undae coutribucrc aliquid, Ov. ; b, 
to annex, incorporate with, unite; Calagurritaui 
qui erant cum Oscensibus contributi, Cars.; 
Ambracia quae turn contribuerat se Aetolis, Liv. 

contristo, 1. (com and tristo), to make sad, 
make sorrowful, sadden; a, pluvio frigore caelum, 
make gloomy, Verg. ; b, contristat haec sententia 
Balbum Cornelium, ap. Cic. 

contritus -a -um, p. adj. (from contero), worn 
out, well-used, common, trite; proverbium, Cic. 

controvorsia -ae, f. (controvorsus), dilate, 
dispute, controvert^; heredltatis, about an inherit- 
ance, Cic; eontrovcrsiain habere de re oumaliquo, 
Cic; coutroversia est inter aliquosde re, Cic; in 
controversial versari, esse, Cic. ; rem adducere in 
controversiam, deducere in controversiam, vocare 
in controversiam, to make matter of debate, Cic; 
sine controversial without dispute, Cic; sine cou- 
troversia solvere, Cic; sine coutroversia vicimus, 
wehave undoubtedly conquered , Cic; contioversia 
non erat quin, there was no doubt that, etc, C)c. 

controversiosus -a -um (controversia), 
controverted, strongly disputed; res, Liv. 

controversor, I. dep. (con tro versus), to 
contend, dispute, debate; inter se de huinscemodi 
rebus controversy ri, Cic. 

controvorsus -a -um (contro, li';e contra, 
from com —with, against), 1, piss., that which 
is a subject of debate, controverted; res, Cic. ; 2, 
act. disputations, fond of controversy ; gens, Cic. 

C-on.U"iicido l. to cut in pieces, cut down, 



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hew down, slay ; debilitato corpore et contrucid- 
ato, Cic; fig., reuipublicam, Cic. 

contrudo -triisi -trusum, 3. 1, to thrust, push 
together i nubes in unum, Lucr. ; 2, to thrust, 
crowd into any place ; aliquos in balneas, Cic. 

cent r unco, 1. to cut in pieces; cibuni, Plaut. 

contubernalis -is, c. (com and taberna). I. 
a, a messmate, comrade, one who shares the same 
taut ; domi una eruditi, militias contubcrnales, 
Cic. ; b, a young man who accomjxinied a general 
to learn the art of war-; fuit in Oreta postea 
contubernalis Saturnini, Cic. ; so in public 
affairs, supporter; alicui contuborualein in con- 
sulatu fuis.se, Cic. II. a, comrade, mate, con- 
stant companion; liabuisscs non hospitem sed 
contubernalein, Cic. ; b, the husband or wife of 
a since, Plin. 

contuberiuum -i, n. (com and taberna). 
I. Concr., 1, a hut, or tent in which ten men and 
an officer lodged; deponere in contubernio arma, 
Caes. ; 2, the common dwelling of a male and 
female slave, Tac. II. Abstr., 1, a sharing in 
the same tent, comradeship; milituin, Tac; 2, 
the attendance of a young man on a general to learn 
the art of war ; contubernii nccessitudo, Cic. ; 3, 
companionship, intimacy, Suet. ; 4, esp. the 
living together of slaves as man and wife, Col. ; 
and gen. concubinage, Cic. 

contueor -tfiitus sum, 2. to regard on all 
sides, loolcat attentively. A. Lit., aspicite ipsnin, 
contuemini os, Cic. B. Transf. to consider, reflect 
upon; quum (revocatio ilia) a contuendis nos 
malis avocat, Cic. 

contuitus, abl. -ii, m. (contueor), a behold- 
ing, attentive looking at, Plin. 

contumacia -ae, f. (contumax), stubbornness, 
obstinacy, insolence, haughtiness; gen. in a bad 
sense, insolentia, superbia, contumacia, Cic. ; 
in a good sense, firmness; libera contumacia (of 
Socrates), Cic. 

contumaciter, adv. (contumax), obstinately, 
stubbornly, insolently; scribere, Cic. 

contumax -acis (com and TEM -o, teiuno), 
haughty, insolent, stubborn, obstinate; quis con- 
tumacior? quis iuhuinanior? quis superbior, 
Cic. ; in a good sense, firm, unyielding ; contu- 
max etiain adversus tormenta scrvorum fides, 
Tac. 

contumelia -ae, f. (com and TEM -o, 
temno), insult, affront, outrage, contumely. I. 
Lit. A. contumeliam jacere in aliquem, Cic. ; 
lacerate aliquem contwneliis, Cic. ; onerare ali- 
quem contumeliis, Cic. ; vexarc aliquem omnibus 
contumeliis, Cic; contumeliae causa aliquem de- 
sciibere, Cic. ; contumelia appellare aliquem per- 
fugam, insultingly, Caes. ; vertere aliquid in con- 
tumeliam suam, to take as an insult, Caes. B. 
dishonour, Cic. II. Transf. damage, injury; 
naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et 
contumeliam perferendain, Caes. 

contumeliose, adv., with compar. and 
superl. (contumeliosus), insolently, abusively; 
contumeliose dicere, laedere, Cic. 

contumeliosus -a-uin, adj., with compar. 
and superl. (contumelia), insulting, abusive ; 
epistolae in aliquem contumeliosae, Cic. ; id 
contumeliosum est plebi (followed by ace. and 
ittfin.), Liv. 

contumulo, 1., 1, to heap up in a mound, 
Plin. ; 2, to bury, inter, Ov. 

contundo -tildi -tusum, 3. I. to bruise, 
crush, pound, break to pieces ; allia serpylluiuque, 
Verg. II. to crush, bruise, beat. A. Lit., annul 
saxis, Hor. ; pugiles caestibus oontusi, Cic. ; 
contusi ac dooilitati inter saxa rupesque, Liv. 
B, J, to destroy, subdue, crush, demolish; t'croc- 



eni Hannibalem, Liv.; animuni, Cic; audaciam 
alicuius contundere et frangere, Cic. : calumni- 
am stultitiamque alicuius obterere ac contund- 
ere, Cic. 

oontuo, contuor, 3. = contueor (q.v.). 

conturbatio -finis, f. (conturbo), disorder, 
confusion, perturbation of mind ; mentis, Cic. ' 

conturbo, 1., 1, to disturb, throw into dis- 
order, confusion; ordines Itomanorum, Sail.; 
reuipublicam, Sail. ; 2, to disturb in mind, cause 
anxiety ; valetudotua me valde conturbat, Cic. ; 
rationes, or absol., couturbare, Cic, to briny 
money matters into confusion, to ruin, make bank- 
rupt ; conturbare putat sibi licere, Cic. 

contus -i, m. (koi/tos), 1, a pole used for 
pushing a boat along, Verg. ; 2, a long spear or 
pike, Tac. 

QOIIUS -i, m. (kui/os). 1, a cone, Cic. ; 2, the 
apex of a helmet, Verg. 

convalesco -viilui, 3. to become strong. I. 
Gen. A. Lit., of things, postquam pestifer ignis 
convaluit, blazed up, Ov. B. Transf.", a, to gain 
strength ; quum mala per longas convaluere 
moras, have become rooted, Ov. ; b, of persons 
or states, to gain strength or po\rcr; Milo in dies 
convalescebat, Cic. ; his ille (Caesar) rebus ita 
convaluit at, etc., Cic. ; nimis vieinas prope se 
convalescere opes ratt, Cic. II. Esp. A. to 
recover from a disease, gain strength, get well; 
non aegri oinnes convalescunt, Cic; ex morbo, 
Cic. B. Transf., ut tandem sensus convaluere 
mei, Ov. 

convallis -is, f. a valley shut in on all sides, 
Cic. 

convaso, 1. (com and vasa), to pack up 
baggage, Ter. 

Convecto, 1. (intens. of conveho), to bring 
together, collect; praedam, Verg. 

convector -oris, m. (conveho), a fellow- 
voyager, Cic. 

conveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to bring together, 
carry into one place ; frumentum ex finitimis 
regionibus in urbem, Caes. ; lintribus in earn 
insulam materiem, calcem, caemeiita, arma, Cic. 

convello -velli, and (rarely) -vulsi (-volsi) 
-vulsum (-volsum), 3. to tear, pluck, pull away, 
wrench off. I. Lit., 1. repagula, Cic; gradus 
Castoris, Cic. ; Hereulem ex suis sodibus con- 
vellere atquc auferre, Cic. ; viridem ab humo 
silvam, Verg. ; da pes avido dente, devmir, Ov. ; 
2, milit. t. t., convellcrc signa, to pluck up 
the standards, to decamp, Cic ' II. Transf. to 
weaken, overthrow, destroy ; cuncta auxilia rei- 
publicae labefactari convellique, Cic. ; si earn 
opinionem ratio couvellet, Cic. ; quo judiciocon- 
vulsam penitus scimus esse rempablicam, Cic. 

convena -ae, c. adj. (couveuio), coming to- 
gether, Plaut; in plur. subst. a concourse of 
strangers, assembled mxdtitude; pastores et con- 
venas congregarfi, Cic. 

conveniens -cutis, p. adj. (from convenio), 
1, agreeing, unanimous, concordant; bene conven- 
ientes propinqui, Cic. ; 2, fit for, appwpriote, 
suitable ; conveniens decretis eius, Cic. ; oratio 
teinpori conveniens, Liv. ; nihil est enim tarn 
naturae aptum, tain conveniens ad res vel se- 
cimdas vel advorsas, Cic. 

convenienter, adv. (conveniens), agreeably 
with, suitably to; convenienter cum nature viv- 
ere, Cic. ; constanter conveuienterque sibi dic- 
ere, Cic. 

convcnientia -ae, f. (conveniens), agree- 
ment, harmony, conformity with; quacdam con- 
vcnientia et conjunctio naturae, Cic. 

convenio -yen! -ventum, 4. I. Gen. A. 
Illtransjt,, 1, to come together, collect; ex pr»- 



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136 



con 



vinoia, Caes. ; ad hoc judicium, Cic; celeriter 
ad claiiiorem hominum circiter millia sex con- 
vencrant, Cats. ; uuo tempore undique comiti- 
orum ludoiiim censendique causa, Cic; 2, 
civitates quae in id forum conveniunt, who bt- 
long to that district, Cic. ; 3, legal 1. 1. couvenire 
in manum (of the wife, to come into the power of 
hsr husband by marriage), Cic. B, Transit., 
to visit, meet, call upon; quotidieplurimos, Cic. ; 
convento Cn. Octavio Demetriade, Cic. ; trib- 
uni plebis non desistebant clam inter se cou- 
venire, Cic. II. to Jit. A. 1, Lit., si cothurni 
laus ilia esset ad pedem apte couvenire, Cic. ; 
2, Transf., to agree with, be congenial to, har- 
monise, befitting; haec tua deliberatio uoncon- 
venit cum oratione Largi, Cic; non in omnes 
omnia couvenire, Cic. ; with infin. or ace. and 
infin., illicone ad praetorem ire convenit? Cic. ; 
impers., minime miror caelum et. terram, si tibi 
ita conveniat, dimittere, Cic. B. to unite ; 1, 
lit., Lucr. ; 2, transf., a, res convenit, or im- 
pers., convonit, a thing is agreed upon ; id 
signum quod convenerat, which had been agreed 
upon, Caes. ; pax convenit, Liv. ; convenit (it is 
asserted) jam inde per consults reliqua belli 
perfecta (esse), Liv. ; milii cum Deiotaro con- 
venit, ut ille in mcis castris esset cum suis 
copiis, Cic. ; impers., quum de fac'o conveniret, 
Cic. ; b, bene (optimc) convenit (alicui) cum 
aliquo, to be on gow.l terms with; sororis vir, 
quicum uptime couvenisset, Cic. 

conventlclum -ii, n. (convenio), sc. aes = 
to eKxATjo-taoTiKof, the money received by Greek 
citiz»ns for attendance in the popular assembly, 
Cic. 

conventicillum -i, n. (dim. of conventus), 
a, a, coming together, assembly, association; con- 
venticula hominum, quae postea civitates noin- 
im<ae sunt, Cic. ; b, a, place of muting, Tac. 

conven tlo -onis, f. (convenio), 1, an assem- 
bly, Varr. ; 2, mi agreement, compact, Liv. 

oonventum -i, n. (convenio), a covenant, 
agreement, compact; pactum, couventuin, stip- 
ulati", Cic. 

conventus -us, in. (couvenio). I, Ut., A. a 
coming together, an assembly ; a, virurum mulicr- 
umque ecleberrimus, Cic; b,an illegal assembly ; 
in nocturno conventu fuisse apud M, Laecam, 
Cic; c, a congress of states; omnium sociarum 
civitatum, Liv.; d, the assembly of the inhabitants 
of a provincehelii by the praetor ; conventuni agcre, 
to hold the assizes, Cie. ; hence the district of the 
province for which such an assembly was held ; 
nomo omnium ex illo conventu quadruplatorum 
deterriiuus, Cic; e, the union of Roman citizens 
in a province. formUig a corporation ; conventus 
Syracusanus, Cic. B. Of atoms, union, Lucr.; 
II, Transf., agreement, Cic. 

converbero, 1. to beat violently, Plin. 

converro (-vorro) -verri (-vorri) -versum 
(-vorsum), 3. to sweep together, brush out, Plant.; 
transf., hcrcditates omuiuin, scrape together, Cic. 

conversatfo -oniB, f. (conversor). I. fre- 

ivent use, a frequent sojourn in a place, Plin. 
I. intercourse, conversation, Tac. 

converslo -Suis, f. (couverto). A. Lit., a 
turning round; coeli, Cic; menslum annor- 
Ulliniie conversiones, periodical return, Cic. 
B. in rhefc., 1, the rounding off of a period ; ut 
(nratio) conversiones habeat absolutas, Cic; 2, 
the repetition of the same word at the end of a 
clause, Cic. ; 3, change. ; naturalcs esse quasdam 
eonversiones rerum publicarutn, Cic. 

converso (intens. of converto), 1. to turn 
round frequently; animus se ipse conversans, 
Cic. 

(jonvertp (-vorto) .verti (-vorti) -versum 



(-vorsum), 3. to turn round, whirl round. I. 
Lit., A. to turn round to the other side; 1, 
palam anuli ad palmam, Cic. ; naves in emu 
partem, quo ventus fert, Caes. ; esp. milit. t. t., 
signa COllvertere, to wheel round, Caes. ; terga or 
se convertere, to flee, Caes. ; 2, a, in motion, to 
turn round, change one's direction; vox bourn 
Herculem convertit, makes Herarfes turn round, 
Liv.; iter convertere, Caes.; reflex., se admontes, 
Caes., or without se, cum paucis ad equites, 
Sail. ; b, convertere pecuniam publicam domum 
suam, to embezzle, Cic; 3, gcograph. t. t., to 
face, be directed towards, lie to>rards ; spelunea 
conversa ad aquilonem, Cic. B. to turn round 
in a circle, to revolve ; quae (terra) circum axcm 
se summa celerit-alc convertit et torqnet, Cic ; 
II. Transf., 1, to direct towards; convertere in 
se nnum omnium vires, Liv. ; in ceteros ordines 
easdem vitae conditiones, Cic. ; 2, to direct one's 
attention or looks towards; video in me omnium 
vestrum ora atque oculos esse conversos, Cic. ; 

3, to direct one's inclination, mind, etc, towards; 
onine studium curamque ad banc scribendj 
operam, Cic; reflex., se ad otium pacemque, Cic; 
se in or ad aliqueill, to attach oneself to, Cic; 

4, to devote to some object ; rationeni in fraudem 
malitiainque, Cic. ; 5, to convert, pervert ; al- 
termn (auxilium) ad perniciem meani erat a 
vobis consnlibus eonversum, Cic. ; 6, a, to 
change, alter ; uiirum in modum convei'sae sunt 
omnium meutes, Caes.; cavenduin ne in graves 
inimicitias convertautse amieitiae, Cic; Hecub- 
am in canem esse conversant, Cic. ; b, librum e 
Graeco in Latinum, to translate, Cic. 

convestio, 4. to clothe. A. Lit., Enn. B. 
Transf., to cover, surround; domus duobus lucis 
convestita,'Cic. 

convexitas -iitis, f. (convexus), convexity; 
luundi, Plin. 

convexus -a -um (convehor), 1, vaulted, 
arched, convex ; orbis lunae, Cic. Subst., con- 
voxum -i, n., and commonly in plur., con- 
Vexa -oiuni, n. an arch ; convexa coeli, Verg ; 
2, sloping, steep; iter, Ov. 

conviciator -oris, in. (convicior), a roller, 
slanderer, reviler, Cic. 

convicior, 1. dep. (convicium), to rail at, 
revile, reproach, Liv. 

convicium -ii, n. (= convocium, from com 
and vox), 1, re loud cry, shout, clamour; mul- 
ieruru, Cic; 2, violent reproach, reviling, insult; 
clamoro et couviciia et sibilis consectari, Cic. ; 
alicui convicium facere, Cic; non modo acclani- 
atione sed convicio et maledictis impediri, Cic; 
verberavi te cogitationis tacito dumtaxat con- 
vicio, Cic. ; meton., nemorum convicia, picae, 
mocking-birds, Ov. 

convictio -onis, f. (convivo), social inter- 
course, familiarity, Cic. 

convictor -oris, m. (convivo), one who lives 
with another, constant associate, ap. Cic. 

convictus -iis, m. (convivo), 1, re living to- 
gether, constant intercourse ; conventus hominum 
ac societas, Cic; 2, entertainment, feast, Tac. 

convinco -vlci -victum, 3. 1, to convict of a 
crimen- mistake; aliquem summae negligent ia', 
Cic. ; multis avaritiae criminibus, Cic. ; con- 
victus in hoc scclere, Cic; with infill., or ace 
and infin., Liv., Sail.; 2, to prove conclusively, 
demonstrate; errores Epicuri, Cic; inauditmi- 
(acinus ipsius qui commisit voce convinci, Cic 
with ace. and inlin., Stoicos nihil de diis explic- 
arc couvincit, Cic. 

COnviSO, 3. to behold attentively, examine ; 
omnia loca oculis, Lucr. ; poet, (of the sun, 
etc), to heam upon, Lucr. 

convjt'Jator, v. conviciator, 



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137 



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oonvitior, v. convicior. 
convitium, v. convicium. 

conviva -ae, c. (com and vivo), a guest ; 
hilaius et bene aceeptus, Cic. 

convivalis -e (convivium), relating to a feast 
or banquet, Liv. 

oonvivator -oris, m. (convivor), one who 
gives a feast, a host, Hor., Liv. 

Convivium -li, n. (com and vivo). A. a 
feast, entertainment, banquet ; accipere alique m 
convivio, Cic. ; adliibere aliquem convivio or 
in convivium, Cic. ; convivium apparare opi- 
pare, Cic; dimittere convivium, Liv.; discedere 
de convivio, Cic. ; inire convivium publicum, 
Cic. ; interesse in convivio, Cic. ; producere con- 
vivium vario sermone ad multain noctem, Cic. ; 
venire in convivium, Cic. B. Meton., the com- 
pany assembled, guests ; vinosa convivia, Ov. 

convivor, 1. dep. (conviva), to eat and drink 
in company, feast, revel ; non solum in publico, 
sed etiam de publico, Cic. 

convocatio -onis, f. (convoco), a calling 
together; populi Romaui ad rempublicam de- 
fendendani, Cic. 

convoco, 1. to call together, assemble, convoke; 
dissipatos homines, Cic; principes ad se, Caes. ; 
ad concionein, Liv. 

convolnero, v. convulnero. 

convolo, 1. to fly together, run together, come 
together hastily; cuncta ex Italia ad aliquem 
revocandum, Cic. 

convolsus, v. convulsus. 

convolvo -volvi -vSlutum, 3. 1, torollround; 
sol se convolvers, Cic. ; in lucem lubrica terga, 
Verg. ; 2, to cover ; testudo convoluta omnibui 
rebus, quibus ignis jactus et lapides defendi 
possent, Caes. 

copvomo, 1. to vomit all over, Cic. 

convulnero, 1. to wound severely, Plin. 

convulsus -a -urn, partic. of convello. 

coolesco = coalesco (q.v.). 

cooperio -perui -pertum, 4. (com and operio), 
to cover entirely, envelop; aliquem lapidibus, to 
stone to death', Cic. ; Decii corpus coopertum 
telis, Liv. ; transf., partic, coopertns, over- 
whelmed ; flagitiis atque facinoribus, Sail. 

cooptatio -onis, f. (coopto), choice, election, 
co-optation; collegioruin, Cic; censoria, filling 
up of the senate by tlie censors, Cic 

coopto (com and opto), 1. te choose, elect, 
esp. to a public office or dignity, to coopt ; 
senatores, Cic. ; tres sibi collegas, Liv. ; aliquem 
in paternum auguratus locum, Cic; aliquem 
magistiuni equitum, Liv. 

codrior -ortus sum, 4. to arise, come forth at 
once, appear. I. a, of storms, etc., to break o%d; 
turn subito tempestates sunt coortae maximae, 
Lucr. ; b, of fires, quod pluribus simul locis 
ignes coorti esseut, Liv. ; c, of disease, pesti- 
lentia coorta, minacior quam periculosior, Liv. ; 
d, of political events, of war, sedition, etc., to 
break out; seditio turn inter Antiates Latinosque 
coorta, Liv. ; e, of laughing or weeping, risus, 
Nep. ; libero conquestu coortae voces sunt, Liv. 
II. to rise for insurrection or fight ; sed adeo in- 
fensa erat coorta plebs ut, etc, Liv. ; Volscos 
suinma vi ad bellum coortos, Liv. 

coortus -us, in. (coorior), an arising^ break- 
ing forth, Lucr. 

Coos (Cous) -i, f., and Cos -o, f. (Kdu? and 
Kus), a small island in the Aegean Sea, off the 
coast of Caria. Adj., Cous-a-um, Coan ; poeta, 
Philetas, Ov. ; artifex, Apelles, whose picture of 
Venus Anadyomene was at Coos, Ov. ; Venus, the 

5» 



Venus Anadyomene of A pedes, Cic. Subst., 
Cdum -i, n. Coa» wine; Col -orum, m. the in- 
habitants of Coos; C6a -oruin, n. Coan garments. 

copa -ae, f. the hostess of a wine-shop, Verg. 

Copals -idis, f. (KwTrai's), palus, a lake in 
Boeotia. 

oophinus -i, m. (ko^os), a large basket or 
hamper, Juv. 

copia -ae, f. (coopia, from coin and ops), 
plenty, abundance. I. Lit., 1, a, of things, agri, 
vectigalium, pecuniae, Cic. ; fruinenti, Caes. ; 
copia cum egestate confligit, Cic ; in plur., 
omnium rerum aflluentes copiae, Cic. ; milit. 1. 1., 
supplies, provisions; copias Dyrrhachii coni- 
parare, Caes. ; b, of persons, viroruin fortiuin 
atque innocentium tanta copia, Cic. ; esp. milit. 
t. t., troops, forces; (a) sing., omnia arinatoium 
copia, Cic; augebatur lilts copia, Cats.; (fi) plur., 
copiae poditum e(|uituinque, Liv. ; terrestres 
uavalesque, Liv. ; copias inagnas cogere, Caes. ; 
coniparare, Cic. ; contrahere, Cic. ; dimittere, 
Caes. ; educere castris, e castris, Caes. ; 2, of 
abstractions, copia dicendi or orationis, fulness 
of expression, Cic II. Transf., ability, power, 
opportunity ; est alicui copia sonini, Liv.; dimic- 
andi cum hoste, Liv. ; ab hoste copia pugnandi 
tit, Sail. ; facerc alicui consilii sui copiam, to be 
accessible to a person asking one's advice, Cic; 
habere copiam alicuius, to have some one in one's 
power, Sail. 

copiose, adv. (copiosus), 1, abundantly, 
plentifully ; large et copiose coniparare pastum, 
Cic. ; senatorum urna copiose absolvit, with a 
large majority, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, copiously ; 
dicere, Cic. 

copiosus -a -urn (copia), 1, richly provided, 
wealthy; urbs Celebris et copiosa, Cic. ; copiosus 
a frumento locus, rich in, Cic. ; opulenti homin- 
es et copiosi, Cic; 2, copioiis of speech, eloquent; 
homo copiosns ad dicendum, Cic. ; oratio inulta 
et varia et copiosa, Cic. ;■ lingua copiosa, Cic. 

copis -e = copiosus (q.v.). 

copo, copona = caupo, caupona (q.v.). 

coprea (copria)-ae, m. (icon-pia?), a lowbuffoon, 
Suet, 

copta -ae,f. (koh-tti), a hard cake or 2riscui7,Mart. 

Coptos -i, f. (Kojtto«), a town of Upper Egypt, 
now Coft or Keft. 

copula -ae, f. (com and • apio). A. a rope, 
band, tie; dura copula caneni tenet, a leash, Ov. ; 
plur., copulae, fastenings, grapnels, Caes. B. 
Transf., a bond, connexion; quos irrupta tenet 
copula, Hor. 

copulatio -onis, f. (copula), a union, con- 
nexion ; atomorum inter se, Cic. 

copiilatUB -a -urn, p. adj. (from copulo), con- 
nected, united, coup>led ; quaedani sunt in rebus 
simplicia, quaedam copulata, Cic; transf., nihil 
est amabilius neque copulatius quam inonim 
atmilitudo, tending to unite, Cic. 

copulo, 1. (copula), to join together, connect, 
unite. A. Lit., altera ratis huic copulata est, 
Liv. B. Transf., copulati in jus pervenimus, 
Cic. ; copulare honestateni cum voluptate, Cic. ; 
an haec inter se jungi copularique possint, Cic.; 
equester ordo qui turn cum senatu copulatus 
fuit, were in hainnony with, Cic. 

coq.ua -ae, f. (coquus), a female cook, Plaut. 

coqulno, 1. (coquo), to cook, Plaut. 

coquo, coxi, coctum, 3. to cook, prepare fond. 

1. Lit., 1, is qui ilia coxerat, Cic. ; cibaria, Liv.; 

2, to bake, bum ; coquit glebas aestas niatntinis 
solibus, Verg. ; 3, to ripen ; poma matura et 
cocta, Cic. ; 4, to warm; calore et spiritu omnia 
cocta et confecta, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to think 



coq 



13S 



cor 



of, meditate, contrive; consilia secreto ab aliis, 
Liv.; 2, to disturb; femineae ardentem curaeque 
iracque coquebant, Verg. 
coquus (cocus) -i, m. (coquo), a cook, Cic 

cor, cordis, n. (root COHD, Gr. KapS -la). I. 
A. Lit., the heart; cor palpitat, Cic. ; tig., a, the 
heart as the scat of the feelings, the soul, feeling; 
exsultantia corda, Verg. ; conli est aliquis or 
aliquid, is dear to; quuin audirem' earn (spon- 
sani) tibi conli esse, Liv. ; idque eo mihi magis 
est cordi quoil, etc., Cic. ; with ace. and infin., 
Liv.;b, tlie heart as the sent of thought, the mind, 
fxdyittent ; qui propter haesitantiam linguae 
stuporemque cordis cognomen ex contumelia- 
traxerit, Cic. B. Metou. <apersbn; lectijuvejies, 
fortissima corda, Verg. II. Transf., the stomach, 
Hor., Lucr. 

Cora -ae, f. (Kdpa), an old town in T.atium, 
now Coie or Cori. Adj., Coranus -a -um. 

corallium -ii, n. OcopaAAtoi-), red coral, Lucr. 

coram (com and os, oris). T. Adv., 1,. in 
presence of, in face of, before; cominodius fecis- 
sent, si quae apud vos de me deferunt, ea coram 
potins me praesente dixissent, Cic. ; 2, per- 
sonally, in one's ou-n person, oneself; intucri 
aliquid, to behold with one's own, eyes, Cic; agcre, 
to transact personally, i.e., not by letters, Cic; 
qmiiii coram suinus, personally present, Cic. 
II. Prep, with abl., tit presence of; genero men, 
Cic. ; populo, Hor. 

Corbio -onis, f. 1, a town of tlie Aegui; 
2, a town in Jlispania Tarruconensis. 

corbis -is, m. and f. a wicker basket ; mes- 
soria, Cic. 

corblta -ae, f. a slow-sailing merchant vessel, 
Cic. 

oorbula -ae, f. (dim. of covbis), a little basket, 
riant. 

corciilum i, n. (dim. of cor), a little heart, 
used as a term of endearment, Plant. 

Corcyra -ae, f. (Kdp»cvpa), Corcyra, an island 
in the Ionian Sea, identified with the Homeric 
Selieria, tlio home of Alcinous, now Corfu; 
hence adj., Corcyraeus -a -um, Cofcyraean; 
horti, the gardens of Alcinous, Mart. 

cordate, adv. (cordatus), wisely, prudently, 
Plant. 

cordatus -a -uin (cor), prudent, sagacious, 
wise, Sen. 

cordax -dacis (<cdp6a£), a licentious dance, 

Petr.; transf. of the trochaic rhythm, Cic. 

cordollum -Ii, n. (cor and doleo), heartache, 
Plant. 

Corduba -ae, f. a town in Hispania Boetica, 
now Cordova. Adj., Cordubensis -e. 

cordyla -.ie, f. (/copWATj), the fry of the tunny 
fish, Mart. 

Corflnlum -Ii, n. a town of the Peligni in 
Samnium, Adj., Corfiniensis -e, Corfinian. 

Corinna -ae, f. (Kdpin-a), 1, a Greek poetess of 
Tanagra, contemporary with l'indar ; 2, the 
feigned name ofOrid's mistress. 

Corinthus -i, f. (Kdpu.0o«), Corinth, a city of 
Greece on the Tsthmus of Corinth. Hence, A. 
Adj., CdrintblUS -a -mil, Corinthian; aes, a 
mixed metal of gold, silver, and copper, greatly 
priznl by I lie ancients, Cic; vasa, Rupellex, make 
of Corinthian brass, Cic; and absol., Corin- 
thla'-oruin, n. (sc. vasa), Cic B. Corinth- 
lariua -Ii, m. an artificer in Corinthian hrcs, 
a nickname of Augustus, Suet. C. Corinth- 
iacUB -a -um, Corinthian. D. Corinthi- 
eaais -e, Corinthian. 

CorioH -oruin, in. a town of the Volsd in 



| J.utium. Adj., CoriSlanus -a -um, belonging 
to Corioli ; Corlolanus, Cu. Martins, the captnri r 
ofCorioli; Coriolani -oriun, m. the inhabitants 
of Corioli. 

corlum (corius) -Ii, n. (xoptov), 1, hide, skin, 
leather; aniinantium aliae coriis tcctae sunt, 

Cic; petere corium, to thrash, Cic; prov., canis 
a corio nunquam absterrebitur uncto, ii is diffi- 
cult to change a confirmed habit, Hor. ; 2, a 
leathern thong, straji, lash, Plant. 

Cornelius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of. which u-ere, 1, 1'. Corn. 
Scipio Africanus major, the conqueror of Han- 
nibal ; 2, P. Corn. Scipio Aemilianus AfVicdiius 
minor, son of L. Aemilius Paulus, adopted by 
P. Corn. Scipio (mo:i of Africanus major), the 
destroyer of Carthago ; 3, Cornelia, the youngest 
daughter of Africanus major, vile of Tib. Seni- 
prouins Gracchus, the mother of the.Graochi ; 
4, Cornelia, the daughter of Qu. Metellus Scipio, 
wife first of P. Licin. Crassus, afterwards of Pom- 
pejus. Adj., Comelianus -a -um, Cornelian. 

Cornelius Nepos, v. Nepos'. 

corneolus -a -um (dim. of 1. corneus), horny, 
Cic. 

1. corneus -a -um (cornu), 1, homy, made of 
horn; rostrum, Cic; 2, a, like horn, hard; 
cornea libra, Pers. ; b, hom-coloiifed, Plin. 

'2. corneus -a -um (comns), relating or be- 
longing to the cornel 'tree ; virgulta, Verg. 

cornicen -clnis, m. (cornu and cano), o 
horn-blower, Cic. 

cornicor, 1. dep. (comix), to caw like a cron>, 
Pers. 

cornicula -ae, f. (dim. of comix), a little 
crow, Hor. 

cornlcularlus -Ii, ;n. (cornicnium), a soldier 
who has been presented with the cornicnium, an 
adjutant, Suet. 

1. corniculum -i, n. (dim. of cornu), 1, a 

little horn, Plin. ; 2, an ornament on the helmet 
given to deserving soldiers, Liv. 

2. Corniculum -i, u. a town in latium. 
Adj., Corniculanus -a -um, Cornicntlan. 

cornlger -gfira -gerum (cornu and gero), 
homed, Cic. Subst., cornigera -orum, n. 

horned cattle, Plin. 

cornipes -pedis (cornu and pes), horn-footed, 
hoofed ; equi, Verg. 

comix -icis, f. (root COR, whence Kopw'nj, 
corvus, curvus, crooked), the crow ; natura cervis 
et cornicibus vitam diuturnam dedit, Cic; gar- 
rula, Ov. ; annosa, Hor.; prov., corniouui oculos 
confjgere, and ellipt., qui coniici oculum, ut 
dicitur, to deceive the sagacious, Cic. 

cornu -us and (rarely) -u, n. (xtpa?). I. J, it., 
1, the horn of animals, of the bull, rain, gnat, 
stag, etc., Cic ; Cornu Copiao (Cornucopia), the 
horn of the goat Amalthra, the sign oj plenty, 
Hor.; cornu, poet, for strength, courage-; tollere 
cornna in aliqnem, Hor. ; corniia stunere, gain 
courage, Ov. ; 2, a, of things of similar material, 
a hoof, Verg. ; a beak of a. bird, Ov. ; b, of things 
resembling a horn in shape, the elephant's tusk, 
Varr. ; c, of things made of horn, a bow. Verg. ; 
a- large curved trumpet, or horn, Cic ; » lantern, 
Plant.; an oil cruet, Hor. ; a funnel, Verg. II. 
Transf., A. The horn, as the point or end of 
anything, the top of the helmet, Verg. ; the ends 
of the sail-yards, Verg. ; the ends of the staff round 
which parchments were rolled, Ov. ; the horns of 
the moon, Cic. ; the. arm of a river, Ov. ', the end 
of a promontory, Liv. ; the corner or extremity of 
a country, Liv.; the wing of an army, dextrum, 
sinistrum, Caes. B. growth like a horn, a 
large wart cm the head, Hor. (arc eornum, Ov.). 



Cor 



139 



cor 



Cornucopia -ae, v. cornu. 

cornum -i, n. (cornus), 1, the fruit of the 
cornel, Verg. ; 2, the wood of the cornel-tree ; 
meton. appear mcule of cornel-wood, Ov. 

oomus -i, and -us, f. (cornu), lit. the horn- 
tree ; 1, the cornel-tree (cornus mascula, Linn.), 
so called from the toughness of its wood ; 2, 
the wood of the cornel-tree aud meton. a javelin 
made of cornel-wood, Ov '. . . 

cornutns -a -nm (cornu), horned; aves,'Ov. 

corolla -ae, f. (dim. of corona), n little crown, 
Cat u 

CdroebUS -i, m. a Phrygian, son of My g don. 

corollarium -li, n. (corolla), originally, a 
garland of flowers, then, a garland of gilt or sil- 
vered flowers given away to actors, etc., Varr. ; 
hence, a present, douceur, gratuity, Cic. 

corona -ae, f. (icopwiTj). I. Lit. a wreath, 
garland, chaplet, crown, Cic. ; castrensis, triumph- 
alls, navalis, civica, obsidionalis, muralia, nav- 
alis, Cic. ; sub corona vendere, to sell into slavery 
prisoners of xuar who wore ehaplets, Cic. ; also, 
sub corona venire, Liv. ; regni corona, a diadem, 
Verg. II. Transf., 1, a constellation, the north- 
ern crown, Cic. ; 2, ft circle, assembly of men, 
Cic. ; inilit. t.t. the besiegers of a city; (urbem) 
corona ciugere, to invest, Caes. ; or, the defenders 
of a city, or place; corona vallum defendere, 
Liv. ; 3, the halo round the sun, Sen. 

cdronarius -a -urn (corona), relating to a 
garland, Plin. ; aurum, originally, the golden, 
crown sent by the provinces to a victorious general, 
aftor wards changed to a sum of money, Cic. 

Corouc -es, f. (Kopwi'>j), a town in Messenia. 
Adj., Coronaeus -a -um, Coronaean. 

Cor6nea-ae, f. (Kopwi/cia), a town inBoeotia. 
Adj., Coronaeus -a -tun, Coronaean. 

Coroneus -Si, m. king in Phocis, father of 
Corone. 

Cdronis -ldis, f. (Kopwn's), daughter of Phleg- 
yas, mother of Aesculapius ; hence Coronides 
-ae, in. Aescida.pius. 

corono, 1. (corona). I. Lit. to wreathe, crown, 
with a garland; aras, Prop. ; puppiin, Ov. ;crat- 
era, Verg. ; sequebantur epulae, quas inibantpro- 
pinqui coronati, Cic. ; qnis magna coronari eon- 
temnat Olympia, to be crowned as conqueror at 
the Olympic games, Hor. II. Transf. to surround, 
enclose in the form of a circle; coronant myrteta 
summum lacum, Ov. ; omnem abitmn custode, 
Verg. 

corporalis -e \corpus), relating to. the body, 
corporeal, Sen. 

corporeus -a -um (corpus), 1, relating to the 
body, corporeal; ille corporeus (ignis), Cic. ; 2, 
fleshy, consisting of flesh; humerus, Ov. 

corporo, 1. (corpus), to form into a body, pro- 
ride with a body-; nmndus eorporatus, Cic. 

corpiilentia -ae, f. (corpulent us), fatness, 

corpulence, Plin. ; - "■■ ■• - 

oorpulentus -a -um, adj.' with "com par. 
(corpus), fat, stout, corpulent, Plant. 

corpus -poris, n. (root COR, as in cortex). 
I. Lit. A. Gen. 1, a body, substance (opp. ani- 
mus, anima), the body ofmeiktmd animals; animi 
voluptates et dolores nasci e corporis volup- 
tatibus et rtoloribus, Cic. ; hence, ft person ; de- 
lecta virum corpora, Verg. ; nnum vile atque 
infnme corpus, Liv. ; 2, ft lifeless substance, mass; 
individua corpora, the atoms, Cic. B. Esp. 1, 
flesh; ossa subjecta corpori, Cic. ; corpus amit- 
tere, to lose flesh, Cic. ; abiit corpusque colorque, 
Ov. ; 2, a corpse, Caes. ; poet, of the souls of the 
dead, Verg. ; 3, the trunk, Ov. II. Transf. any 
whole like a body; 1. the framework of a sh ip, Caes.; 



2, the "body politic;" totum corpis reipublicae, 
Cic. ; 3, any whole, collection, mass ; a, of mili- 
tary works, Caes. ; b, of the world, uuiversi- 
tatis corpus, Cic. ; c, of a book, corpus omnia 
juris Homani, Liv. ; d, a collection of persons; 
(a) of the state, ciusdem corporis, Liv. ; corpus 
nullum civitatis, Liv. ; (p) of a corporation; (4 
■political union, Liv. 

corpusciilum -i, n. (dim. of corpus), a little 
body, corpuscle, ato"m,'Cic. ' 

corrado -rasi -rasum, 3. (com and rado), 
to scrape or rake together. A. Lit., Lucr. B. 

Transf. to scrape together money, Plaut. . 

correctio -onis, f. (corrigo), 1, improvement; 
amendment; correctio philosophiae veteris et 
einendatio, Cic. ; 2, in rhet, a figure of speech, in 
which an expression already used is replaced by a 
stronger one (Gr. enavopdioo-ts), Cic 

corrector -oris, m. (corrigo), an improver, 
amcuder, corrector; corrector atque emendator 
nostrae civitatis, Cic. ; emendator et corrector 
noster, Cic. 

correpo -repsi -reptum, 3. (com and repo), 
to creep or crawl together, to slink in; in onera- 
riam (navein), Cic. ; quoi non correpunt mem- 
bra pavore, whose limbs do not shrink with 
fear ? Lucr. 

correpte, adv. with compar. (correptus, 
from corripio), shortly; correptius exit syllaba, 
Ov. 

corrideo. 2. (com and rideo), to laugh together, 
laugh loudly, Lucr. • 

corrigia -ac, f. ft shoe-string, boot-lace, Cic. 

corrigo -rcxi -rectum, 3. (com & rego), to wide 
straight, reduce to order, set right. I, Gen. hide, 
acgre cursum, Liv. II. a, to correct, improve, 
amend ; praeterita "magis reprehendi possunt 
quam corrigi, Liv. ; mores, Cic. ; alicuius seu- 
tentiam, Cic. ; non modo superiores sed etiam 
se ipse correxerat, Cic. ; b, of writing, to correct; 
eas epistolas ego oportet perspiciam, corrigam, 
Cic. ; laudationcm Porciae tibi correctam misi, 
Cic. 

corripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (com and rapio). 
I. to seise violently, lay hold of, take up. A. Lit., 
hominem corripi jussit, Cic. ; arcumque maim 
eeleresque sagittas, Verg. ; se corripere, to hasten 
away, Verg. ; corpus corripere, to start up, Verg. 
B. Transf., a, to plunder, carry off; peouniam," 
Cic. ; b, to ftcewse, bring to trial; statimcorripit 
renin, Tac. ; c, to blame, rebuke; eonsules, Liv, j 
voce magistri corripi, Hor.:; d, of disease etc, 
to attack; nee singula morbi corpora compiunt, 
Verg. ; e, of the passions, to overcome; visae 
COITepfcus imagine formae, Ov. II. to gather 
together; 1, of motion, to hasten; tarda necess- 
itas teli corripuit gradum, Hor. ; viam, to 
hasten over, Verg. ; campum, Verg. ; 2, of time, 
to shorten; niunina eorripiant moras, Ov. 

corroboro, 1. (com and roboro). A. Lit. to 
strengthen, invigorate; se corroborare, to gain, 
strength ; quum is se corroboravisset et vir iutev 
viros esset, Cic. B. Transf., conjurationein non 
credendo corroborare, Cic. 

corrodo -rosi -rGsum, 3. (coin and redo), to 
gnaw away ; Platonis Politiam nupei' apud me 
mures corroserunt, Cic. 

corrogo, 1. (com and rogo). to bring together, 
collect by begging ; nummulos cle nepotum donis, 
Cic. ; auxilia ab sooiis, Liv. 

corrugo, 1. (com and rugo) to wrinkle up ; ne '. 
sordida mappa corruget nares, make you turn . 
up your nose in disgust, Hor. 

corrumpo -rapi -ruptum, S. I. to destroy, 
annihilate; sua frumenta corrumperc et aedi-. . 
ficia incendere, Caes. ; vineaiTteni et lapidibus, 



cor 



140 



Cot 



SnlL ; fes familiares, Sail. ; libertatem, Tac. ; 
lmilto dolore corrupts vnluptas, Hor. II. to 
spoil, mar, make worse, deteriorate ; a, physi- 
cally, oonclnaa aqua facile corminpitur, Cic; 
Ceres corrupts undjs, corn spoiled by sea-water, 
Verg. ; of annuals and men, to weaken; corrupti 
equi lnacie, Caes. ; b, of pronunciation, to cor- 
rupt; nouicn eoram paulatim Libyea corrapere, 
barbarri lingua Mauros pro Medis appellantes, 
Sail. ; c, of writings, etc., (o/a/si/i/;tabulas pub- 
licas nmnicipii maim sua corruuipere, Cic. ; d, 
morally, to corrupt ; mores civitatis, Cic. ; huius 
urbis jura et exempla corrumpere, Cic. ; milites 
soluto imperin liceutiantque lasciviacorniperat, 
Sail. ; corrurnpere nliquem pecunia, tobribe, Cic. 

corrfio -rui, 3. (com nndruo). I. Intransit., 
ro fall to the ground, fill together, sink down. A. 
Lit., a, corruerunt aedes, Cic. ; conclave illud 
proxiuianocte corruit, Cic. ;b, of persons, paene 
ille tlmore, ego risu corrui, Cic. ; esp., to fall in 
battle; ubl vero corruit telis obrutus, Liv. B. 
Transf., ilia plaga pestifera qua Lacedaemoni- 
oruin opes corruerunt, Cic. ; of persons, to be 
ruined ; si uno meo fato et tu et onines mei 
corruistis, Cic. II. Transit., to throw down, 
overthrow; lianc rerum summani, Lucr. 

coiTupte, adv. with conipar. and superl. 
(corruptus), corruptly, incorrectly ; neque de- 
pravate judicare neque corrupte, Cic. 

COITUptela -ae, f. (corruptus), the means of 
romtption, corruption, bribery, seduction; mores 
liac dulcedine corruptelaque depravati, Cic; 
pecuniosi rei corruptelam judicii niolientes, Cic. 

corrupt! O -onis, f. (corrumpo), corruption, 
a corrupting ; corporis, Cic. ; opinionum, Cic. 

corrupter -oris, m. (corrumpo), a corrup- 
ter, seducer, briber; juventutis, Cic; tribus, 
briber, Cic; exercitus, Liv. 

corruptrix -icis, f. (fern, of corrnptor), one 
that corrupts or seduces; attrib. = corrupting; 
tarn corrnptrice provincia, Cic. 

corruptus -a -urn, p. adj. with enmpar. and 
superl. (corrumpo), spoiled, damaged, corrupted, 
corrupt. I. Lit., physically, hordeum, Caes. 
H. Transf., morally, civitas, Sail.; judicia, Cic; 
adulescentulus, Cic. 

cors = cohors (q.v.). 

Corsica -ae, f. the island of Corsica in the 
Mediterranean Sea. Adj., Corsus -a -um, and 
Corsicua -a -um, Corsican. 

cortex -tlcis, m. and f. bark, rind, shell; 
a, the bark of trees ; obduenntur libro aut cortice 
trunci (lilier — the inner bark), Cic. ; b, esp., the 
bark of the cork tree, cork, Hor. ; prov., nare sine 
cortice, to swim without corks, i.e., to need no 
assistance, Hor.; levior cortice, Ilor. 

Cortina -ae, f. 1, a round kettle or caldron, 
Plaut. ; esp. the caldron-slurped Delphic tripod; 
cortina Phoebi, ffte oracle of Apollo, Verg.; 2, 
anything in the shape of a wldron, a circle of 
hearers, Tac 

Cortona -ae, f. (Kopruva), Cortona, a town of 
Etruria. Adj., Ccrtonensis -e, of or belong- 
ing to Cortona. 

corulus = corylus (q.v ). 
corns = caurus (q.v.). 

corusco. 1. (connected with tcopvo-o-u). L to 
butt with the horns, Cic. II. A. Transit., to 
•move quickly, shake; telum, Verg.; of Bnakcs, 
linguae, Ov. B. Intransit., a, coruscant (apes) 
pennis, flutter, Verg. ; coruscat abies, Juv. ; b, to 
shine, flash, glitter; apes fulgore coruscant, 
Verg. 

CoruBCUS -a -um (corusco), 1, shaking, 
trembling: ailvae, Verg.; 2, gleaming, flashing ; 



fulgura, Lucis ; sol, Verg. ; juvenes auro CoruSCl, 
Verg. 

1. corvus -i, m. (tdoaf), a raven, Cic; prov., 
in cruce corvos pascere, to be food for the crows, 

to be crucified, Hor. 

2. Corvus -i, m. a surname of a family of the 
gens Valeria, Cic. 

Corybas -bantia, m. (Kop</'/3as), gen. in plur., 
Corybantes -ium, m. priests cf Cybele. Adj., 
Corybantlus -a -um, Coryliamian. 

Coryddes, nymphae, (KupviciSet). daughter 
of Plistus. 

1. Corycius -a -um (Kiopu'/aos). belonging to 
the Corycian caves on Mount Parnassus. 

2. Coryclus -a -um, v. Corycos, 1. 

1. Corycosor -US -i, f. (Kw'pi'/eos), 1, a mc.un- 
tain and city of Cilicia, celebrated for a care a>ht 
the cultivation of saffron ; hence adj., C6ry- 
C1US -a -um, Corycian; crocum, Hor.; senex, 
Cilician, Verg. ; 2, a promontory on the coast of 
Ionia. _ 

2. COryCUS -i, in. (icu'ipvKos), a sand-baa in the. 
palaestra, which the athletes struck to exercise their 
strength ; tig., corycus laterum et vocis meae, 
Bestia, Cic. 

coryletum -i, n. (corylus), a hazel coj>se, Ov. 

corylus -i, f. (* /cdpvAos), a hazel tree, Verg., 

O v - ^ 
corymbifer -fera -ferum (corymbus and 

fero), carrying bunches of ivy berries, epithet of 
Bacchus, Ov. 

corymbus -i, m. (Acdpivi/9os), a bunch of 
flowers or fruit, esp. a cluster of ivy berries, Verg.' 

coryphaeus -i, m. (icopi^aio?), the leader, 
chief, head ; Epicureorum Zeno, Cic. 

C5rythus -i (Kopvtfo?), 1 f. a town in 
Etruria, afterwards Cortona; 2, m. the legen- 
da ryfou n der of Corythus. 

cdrytus -i, m. (yupvTos), a quiver, Verg. 

1. COS, cijtis, f. any hard, flinty stone, Cic ; 
esp. a whetstone, grindstone, Hor., Cic 

2. Cos, v. Coos. 

Cosa (Cossa) -ae, f. (K<Wa) ami Cossae 
-arum, f. (Kdcr<T<u), 1, a tow7i in Etruria. Adj., 
Cosanus -a -um, Cosan ; 2, a town in Lueania. 

COSineteS -ae, m. (icocrp.»JTn5), the slave who 
had charge of his mistress's wardrobe and toilet, 
Juv. 

COSmiCOS -uu (<co(r/iiic6s), belonging to the 
world. Subst., o citizen of the world, Mart. 
_ Cossyra (Cosyra) and Cossura (Cos - 
ura) -ae, f. (Koo-crvpa), a small island between 
Sicily and Africa, now Pantalaria. 

COSta -ae, f. 1, a rib, Verg. ; 2, a side ; aeni, 
Verg. 

costum -i, n. (kootos), an eastern aromatic 
plant, employed in the preparation of unguents, 
Hor. 

Cosura and Cosyra = Cossyra (q.v.). 

cothurnatus -a -um (cothurnus), provided 
with a buskin, hence sublime, tragic ; deae, Ov. 

cothurnus -i, m. (ic66opvo<). I. a large hunt- 
ing boot, reaching to the calf, and laced vp the 
Jront, Verg. II. the thick-soled boot vrorn by 
tragic actors. A. Lit., cothurnus tragicus, Hor. ; 
cothurnus major, minor, Cic. B. Transf., a, 
tragedy, Hor.; b, a tragic, elevated style; sola 
Sophocleo tua carmina digna cothurno, Verg. 

cotidianus, cotidie = quotidianus, etc. 
(q.v.). 

Cotoneus, v. Cydonea. 

Cotta - -■ a cognomen, of a family of the 
gens Aurelia, 



cot 



141 



ere 



eottiibus -i, m. (Kdrra^os), a game played by 
throwing heeltaps of wine into a brazen basin ; 
hence, from the similarity of sound, the crack of 
a whip, Plaut. 

cottana (cotona, coctona, coctana) 

-orum, n. (icoTTava), a kind of suiall Syrian fig, 
Juv. 

Cottius -li, m. name of the kings of two Ligu- 
rian peoples in the Cottiaii Alps, so called after 
them. Adj., Cottianus -a -urn, Cottian. 

cStula or cStyla -ae, f. (koti/Ajj), a measure 
of capacity, half a sextarius, Mart. 

coturnix -icis, f. a quail, Ov. 

Cotys -tyis, ace. -tyn, voc. -ty, abl.-tye, m. 
(Kotvs), 1, name of several l'hracian princes; 
2, brother of Mithridates, 2>rince of the Bosporus. 

Cotytto -us, f. (Kotuttw), the goddess of un- 
chastily, originally worshipped in Thrace, after- 
wards in Alliens and Corinth also. Cotyttia 
-orum, n. the festival of Cotytto, Hor. 

cdvinarius and covinnarius -ii, m. one 

who fights from a war chariot, Tac. 

covinus (covinnus), i., m. (a Celtic word), 
1, the war-chariot of the ancient Britons and Bel- 
gians, Luc. ; 2, a travelling-chariot, Mart. 

coxa -ae, f. the hip-bone, Plin. 

coxendix -Icis, f. (coxa), the hip, the hip- 
bone, Plin. 

Crabra or Aqua Crabra, a small river 
near Tusculum. 

crabro -onis, m. a hornet, Verg. 

CragUS -i, in. (Kpayo?), a promontory of 
Lycia. 

crambe -es, f. (icpanpn), cabbage, Plin. ; 
crambe repetita, cold cabbage warmed up, i.e. 
stale repetitions, Juv. 

Cranon (Crannon) -onis, f. (KpaviLv, or 
Kpavi'tov), a town in 1'hessaly. Adj. Craaon- 
1US (Kpa.vuvi.os) -a -mn, Cranonian. 

Crantor -6ris, m. I. Myth., the armour- 
bearer of Peleus. II. Hist., a philosopher of the 
old Academy. 

Cranli -orum, m. a town on the island of 
Cepliallenia. 

crapula -ae, f. (>ep<n7raA>7), intoxication, 
drunkenness, drunken revel ; crapulam edormire 
et exhalare, Qc. 

eras, adv., 1, to-morrow ; scies igitur fortasse 
eras, Cic. ; subst., eras istud, quando venit, 
Mart. ; 2, in the future; quod sit futurum eras, 
fuge quaerere, Hor. 

crasse, adv., with compar. (crassus), grossly, 
rudely, roughly ; crasse compositum poema, Hor. 

crassitude >.is. f. (crassus), thickness ; pari- 
etum, Caes. ; aeris, density, Cic. 

1. crassus -a _um, thick, dense, solid. A. 
Lit., unguentum, hor. ; aer, misty, Cic. ; Ilium, 
Cic. ; toga, coarse-grained, Hor. ; ager, fruitful, 
Cic. B. Transf., Ofellus rusticus crassa Min- 
erva, of sound common sense, Hor. ; turba, rude, 
uncultivated, Mart. 

•J. Crassus -i, m. name of a family of the 
gens Liciuia (q.v.). 

crastinus -a -urn (eras), relating to to-mor- 
row; dies crastinus, Cic.; diecrastina, to-morrow, 
Liv. Subst., orastinum -1, n. the morrow; in 
crastiuum differre aliquid, Cic. 

Crataeia -idis, f. (Kparauj), mother ofScylla, 
a nymph. 

crater -eris, in. (/cpanjp) = cratera (q.v.). 

cratera -ae, f. I. Lit.,-\<. ;-%e bowl in 
which ivine was mixed ivith water, Cic. II. 



Transf., 1, an oil-cruet, Verg. ; 2, the water of a 
volcano, Liter., or a volcanic fissure in Hie earth, 
Ov. ; 3, a constellation, the cup, Ov. 

Craterus -i, m. (Kparepo?), 1, a general of 
Alexander the Great ; 2, a celebrated physician in, 
the time of Cicero ; appellat. = a skilled physi- 
cian, Hor. 

Crathis -thidis, m. (Kpo0«)i a river near 
Thurii, between Lucania and JSruttium, now 
Crati. 

Cratinus -i, m. (Kparlvot), an Athenian 
comic poet, contemporary of Aristophanes. 

Cratippus -i, m. (KpaTi7T7ro5), a pcrijmlelic 
philosopher of Athens, teacher of Cicero's son. 

cratis -is. A. Lit. a frame or basket made of 
hurdles; also, a harroiv, Verg. ; milit. t.t, fas- 
cines, Caes. ; sub crate necari, an old method of 
capital punishment, by which the accused was 
placed under a hurdle, and pressed to death with 
great stones, Liv. B. Transf., favorum, honey- 
comb, Verg. ; spinae, the joints of the backbone, 

0v - 

creatio -onis, f. (creo), choice, election; mngis- 

tratuum, Cic. 

creator -oris, in. (creo), the creator, maker, 
founder; huius urbis Romulus creator, Cic.; 
father, Ov. 

creatrix -Icis, f. (creator), she who brings 
forth or produces, a mother ; natura rerum, Lucr. ; 
diva, Verg. 

creber -bra -bruin, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (root CRE, whence creo, cresco). I. Of 
space, thick, crowded together, close, pressed to- 
getlier; a, creberrimaaedilicia, Caes. ; ereberrinia 
grando, Liv. ; crebri ignes, Sail. ; b, thick with, 
full of; with abl., creber arundinilnis lacus, Ov.; 
qui(Thucydides), ita creber est rerum frsQ" e'tia, 
Cic. II. Of time, repeated, numerous, juiiat.it; 
a, crebra inter se colloquia habere, Caes.; crebri 
ictus, Verg. ; creberrimus sermo, Cie. ; b, creber 
pulsat, he beats repeatedly, Verg. ; Africus creber 
procellis, abounding in, Verg. ; in scribendo 
multo essem crebrior quain tu, Cie. 

crebresoo (crebesco), -brui (-biii), 3. (creber), 
to become frequent, increase, gather strength, ex- 
tend; seditio crebrescens, Tac. ; horror, Verg. ; 
crebrescunt optatae aurae, Verg. ; crebrescit viv- 
ere Agrippam, the report is spread abroad that, 
etc., Tac. 

crebrltas -atis, f. (creber), thickness, close- 
ness, frequencu ; oeutentiarum, Cic. ; officiorum, 
Cic. 

crebro, adv., with compar. crebrius and 
superl. creberriine (creber), repeatedly, frequently, 
very often; ad aliquem crebrius litteras mitterey 
Cic. ; crebro respicere Romam, Ov. 

credlbilis -e, adj. with compar. (credo), 
credible, worthy of belief; narrationes credibiles 
sint, Cic. ; credibile est (fit, videtur), followed 
by ace. and infin., ita fit credibile deorum et ho- 
luinnin causii factum esse muudum, Cic. ; vix 
credibile est, Hor. 

credibiliter, adv. with compar. (credibilis), 
credibly, Cic. 

creditor -oris, in. (credo), a creditor ; tab- 
ulae creditoris, Cic. ; fraudare creditores. 

credltum -i, n. (credo), a loan, Sail. 

credo -dldi -dituni. 3. I. to trust ; 1. to con- 
fide, trust in, rely upon, place confidence in; with 
dat. of person, credere scrum nemini, Cic.; with 
dat. of thing, praesenti fortunae non credere, 
Liv. ; 2, to believe, give credence to ; his auctoribus 
temere credens, Caes. ; often parenthetic, inihi 
crede or crede mini, believe me, take my advice; 
venies, mihi crede, exspectatus, Cic. ; with dat. 
of thing, fabulia, Cic. ; lacriinis, Oy. ; somniiSi 



ere 



142 



en 



Cic. ; with Je, non credis de numero railitum, 
Cic. II. to trust, in relation to something; 1, 
to entrust, commit, trust something to some one ; a, 
anna iniliti, Liv. ; ulicui res onines, Cic. ; so 
perhdis hostibus, Ov. ; acieni campo, Verg. ; b, 
to entrust to the secrecy of some one; alicui arcanos 
sensus, Vers. ; c, to lend ; alicui pecuniam, Cic. ; 
absol., to lend; CKdendi modum constituent, 
Cic; often in partic perf., pecunia credits or 
res creditae, loons, Cic. ; 2, to believe something; 
a, to be convinced of as true ; fere libenter hom- 
ines id quod volant credunt, Caen. ; esp. paren- 
thetic, quod quideui niagis credo, Cic. ; with 
ace. and infln., Caes., Cic, or relative sentence, 
Hor.; b, to think, to be nf the opinion; with ncc 
and infln., credo ego vos, .indices, inirari, Cic. ; 
moesti (crederes victos) redeunt in castra, yon 
would think, Liv. ; in pass., with noin and infln., 
pro certo creditur necato iilio vacuam domum 
scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sail. ; with ace. and 
infin., quorum neminem nisijuvante- deo talem 
fuisse credendum est, Cic. ; parenthetic, credo, 
I believe, I think; male, credo, mererer de meis 
civibus, si, etc., Cic. 

creduliias -a*is, f. (credulus), credulity; 
ap. Cic. 

credulus -a -urn (credo). A. Act. believing 
easily, credulous, confiding; alicui, Verg.; in 
aliquid, Ov. ; stultus et credulus auditor, Cic. 
B. Pass. easily believed, fama, Tac 

Cromer a -ae, in. re ri ver in Etruria, near which 
300 Pabii were killed. Adj., CremerCMSls -e. 

cremo, 1. to bum, consume by fire; a, libros 
in conspectu populi, Liv.; regalia tecta, Ov. ; b, 
esp., of the burning of the bodies of the dead, 
Sulla primus e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit 
cremari, Cic. ; corpus alicuius, Cic; c, of sacri- 
fices, crcniatos igni vitulos, Ov. 

Cremona -ae, f. Cremona, a town in N.Italy. 
Ad; remonensis, -e, of Cremona. 

Cremonis jugum, a mountain range in the 
Pennine Alps. 

cremor -oris, m. the thick juice obtained from 
animal or vegetable substances, pulp, cream, etc., 
Ov. 

1. creo, 1. (root CER, CRE, whence cresco), 
to make, create, produce. I. Gen., a, omnes res 
quas et creat nature et tuetur, Cic. ; alicui per- 
iculum, Cic; b, to beget a child, Cic; pass. 
partic, creatus with abl., of father or mother 
= daughter or son, Telamonc creatus, Ov. II. 
a, to institxtte an office or magistracy; tribuniciam 
potestatein, Liv. ; b, to elect a magistrate or 
priest ; consules, Cic ; with double ace., Ancum 
Marcium regem populus creavit, Liv. 

2. Creo -onis, and Creon -ontis, m. king of 
Corinth, whose daughter Creusa VMS betrothed to 
Jason. 

creper-pSra-perum (Sabine word connected 
with KvfQas), dark, obscure, uncertain, Lucr. 

crepida -ae, f. (kotjtti's), a sundal, Cic. ; prov. 
ne sutor ultra crepidam, shoemaker, stick to your 
last, Plin. 

crepldatus -a -urn (crepida), wearing sandals, 
Cic. 

crepido -inis, f. (rp^i's), 1, a base, founda- 
tion, pedestal, Cic. ; 2, a quay, pier, Cic. 

crepitacillum-i, n. (dim. of crepitaculum), 
a little rattle, Luor. 

orepitaoulum -i, n. (crepito), re rattle, Quint 

orSpito, 1. (freq. of crepo), to rattle, ereak, 
crackle, rustle, clatter; crepitantia anna, Ov. ; 
lenis crepitans auster, rustling. Verg. ; multS 
grandine nimbi cnlminibus crepitant, Verg. 

crepitus -us, m. (crepo), a rattling, creaking, 
miaili-na. clattering; di^itorum, snapping the 



fingers, Mart. ; pedum, Cic. ; dentium, Cic : 
aeris, Liv. ; viridis inateriae flagrantis, Liv. ; 
alarum, Liv. 

crepo -pfii -pTtuiu, 1. I. Intransit., to creak, 
rattle, rustic, crackle; digiti crepantis signa, a 
snapping nf the fingers tocoll a servants attention, 
Mart.; acuta in niurice remi obnixi crepuere, 
crashed, Verg.; crepat in mediis la urns adusta 
focis, crackle, Ov. II. Transit., a, to ivnse to 
resound, rattle; quum populus freqnens laetiiin 
theatris ter crepuit sonuin, Hor.; to talk much 
of, chatter about, prate about; sulcos, Hor.; b, 
innnunda ignominiosaque verba, Hor. ; post vina 
grnveni inilitiairi aut pauperism, Hor. •■ ; ' 

crepundia -oruni, n. (crepo), child's play- 
things, rattle ; naevo aliquo aut crepundiis ali- 
qnem cognoscere, Cic. 

crepusciilum -i, n. (creper), twilight. I. 
Gen., dubiae crepuscula lucis, Ov. II. Esp., 
evening twilight; inducunt obscure crepuscula 
noctem, Ov. 

Cres -etis, m., v. 1. Creta. 

cresco, crevi, cretuin, 3. (inchoat. from root 
CER, whence creo, creare). I. to growvp, spring 
forth, arise; quaecunque e terra corpora cres- 
cunt, Lucr. ; erescentes segetes, Ov. ; iu past 
partic, cretus, sprung from; mortali sefnine, 
Ov. ; Trojano a sanguine, Verg. II. to grow, in- 
crease in si:e ; 1, a. fruges, arbusta, annnantes, 
Lucr. ; in longitudinem, Plin. ; lit cum luna 
pariter crescaut pariterque decreseant, Cic ; b, 
esp. of boys, to grow up; toti salufifer orbi 
cresce, puer, Ov ; 2, to increase in heigh', 
number, etc. ; Roma interim crescit Albae 
ruinis, Liv. ; quum Albanus lacus praeter 
modum crevisset, Cic. ; luna crest-ens, waxing, 
Cic ; crescit in dies singulos hostium Humerus, 
Cir. ; erescentes morbi, Cic; crescebat in eos 
odium, Cic ; 3. to grow great, increase in fame, 
power, etc. ; pater per se crevisset, Caes. 

1. Creta -ae, f. and Crete -es, f. (KpTJT>j), 
the Mediterranean island of Crete, now Candia ; 
hence, 1, Cr6s_-etis, m., Cretan; subst., a Cre- 
tan, plur., Crates -um, m. the Cretans; 2, 
Cressa -ao, f. Cretan; Cressa nota, of Cretan 
chalk, Hor.; bus, Pas-iphae, Prop.; subst., 
Ariadne, Aerope, Ov. ; 3, Cresius -a -mn, 
Cretan; 4, Cretaeus -a -um, Cretan; subst., 
Epimenides,_Fro^.; 5, Cretanus -i, in. a Cret- 
an; 6, Cretensis -is, Cretan; 7, Creticus 
-a -um, Cretan ; subst., the surname ofjj. Metellus 
from his conquest of the island ; 8, Cretis -tidis, 
f. Cretan. 

2. creta -ae, f. (prop. adj. of 1. Creta), 
Cretan earth, chalk, or a kind of fuller s earth, 
used for cleansing garments, Plant. ; used also 
for painting the face, Hor. ; for seals, Cic. 

cretatus -a -um (2. creta), chalked ; fascia, 
Cic; transf., ambitio, the canvassing of the white- 
robed coJidiHates, Prop. 

creteus -a -um (2. creta), made of chalk or 
Cretan earth, Lucr. 

cretio -onis, f. (cerno), a declaration of an 
heir accepting an inheritance. 

cretiila -ae, f. (dim. of creta), white clay far 
sealing, ClC. 

Creusa -ae, f. (Kpe'oixra), 1, daughter nf 
Creon, king ofCorinih, wife of Jason; 2, daughter 
of Priam, wife of Aeneas ; 3, : a p-orl in Poeotia. 

cribrum -i, n. (from root CRE, CRI, whence 
also cerno), a sieve, Cic. 

orimen -!nis, n. (from root CRE, CRI, Gr. 
EFI, whence cerno, xpivu). I. A. Lit., accusa- 
tion, complaint, reproa? h , calumi y ; esse in dim- 
ino, to be accused, Cic. ; dare alicui aliquid crirmni, 



cri 



143 



cru 



Cic. ; propulsare, defendere, to repel, confute, Cic. 
B. Meton., an object of reproach; perpetuae crim- 
en posteritatis eris, Ov. II. the fault, guilt, crime, 
with which a person is charged. A. Lit., haee 
causa est omnium horum scelerum atqne crim- 
inum, Cic. B. Meton, a, an object representing 
a crime; pictas caelestia criniina vestes, Ov. ; 
b, cause of crime ; se causani clamat crimenque 
caputque lualorum, Verg. 

criminatio -onis, f. (criminor), an accusa- 
tion, calumny, charge; ilia criminatio qua in 
me abaentem usus est, Cic. 

criminator -oris, m. (criminor), an accuser, 
calumniator, Tac. 

criminor, 1. dep. (eriinino, Plant. ; cri- 
minor, pass., Cic. ?) ; 1, to accuse, charge a person 
with a crime, to calumniate ; patres apud popul- 
uin, Liv. ; nihil Sistium, Cic. ; Q. Metellum 
apud populuin Romanum criininatus est bellum 
ducere. Cic. ; 2, to charge with, to lay something 
to the blame of some one, to complain of; lion 
licet omnia criminari, Cic; contiones quibus 
quotidie meam potentiain invidiose ciiniina- 
batur, Cic; with ace. and inrin., me esse gratum 
criminaris, Cic; absol., to reproach; argu- 
mentaudo criminari, Cic 

criminose, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(criminosus), by way of accusation, reproachfully ; 
qui suspiciosius aut crimiuosius diceret, Cic. 

criminosus -a -urn (crimen), reproachful, 
calumnious, slanderous ; ille acerbus criminosus 
popularis homo ac turbuleutus, Cic. ; criniinosum 
liomen, Cic. ; iambi, Hor. ; criniinosum est or 
tit or habetur, blameworthy, Cic. 

Crimissus (Crimisus) -i, m. (Kpi^io-o-ds, 

Kpi/xicros), a river in the south-west of Sicily. 

crinalis -e, (crinis), relating to the hair; 
vitta, Ov. Subst, crinale -is, n. a hair-band; 
curvum, a diadem, Ov. 

crinis -is, m. (root CBR, CRB, whence 
cerno, creo, cresco). A. the hair, esp. of the 
head, Cic. ; crines sparsi, Liv. ; crinibus passis, 
Liv. B. Transf., the tail of a comet, Verg. 

crinitus -a -um (crinis), provided with hair, 
hairy, with long hair. A. Lit,, Apollo, Verg. 
B. Transf., Stella crinita, a comet, Cic. 

crispisuloans -ant is (crispus and sulco), 
serpentine, ap. Cic. 

crispo, 1. (crispus), 1, to curl, crisp; capil- 
luin, Pliu. ; 2, to move rapidly up and down, 
brandish; hastilia manu, Verg. 

crispulus -a -um (dim. of crispus), curly- 
haired, curly, Mart, 

crispus -a -um, 1, curly, curly -headed, 
Plant. , Tar. ; 2, in trembling motion, trembling, 
quivering; latus, Verg.; pectcn, Juv. 

crista -ae, f. (connected with cresco, crinis), 

1, the crest of a bird, the comb of a cock, Juv. ; 

2, the crest or plume of a helmet, Verg., Liv. 

cristatus -a -um, (crista), crested; a, draco, 
Ov. ; aves, cocks, Mart. ; b, having a crest or 
plume; galeae, Liv. 

Critbote -es, f. (KpifWij), a (own on the east 
coast of the Thraclan Chersonese. 

Critias -ae, m. (Kpm'as), one of the Thirty 
Tyrants at Athens. 

criticus -i, m. ((cpiTi«ds), a critic, Cic 

Crito -6nis, m. (Kpirmv), a disciple and friend 
Of Socrates. 

Critohulua -i, m. (Kpn-dflovXoj), a disoiple of 
Socrates. 

Critolaus -i, m. (Kpu-dAaos), 1, a peripatetic 
philosopher, ambassador from Athens to 'Rome, 
155 B.C. ; 2, a general of the Achaean League. 



crdceus -a -um (crocus), 1, belonging to 
saffron, saffron; odores, Verg. ; 2, saffron-coloured, 
golden, yellow; flores, Verg. 

crdcinus -a -um Ocpdxivos), belonging to 
saffron, saffron-coloured, yellow; tunica, Cat. 
Subst,, crocinum -i, n. (sc. oleum), saffron' 
oil, Prop. 

crocio, 4. (Kpujfw), to can) like a crow, Plant. 

crdcddilus -i, ni. (icpo/«>6uAo5), a crocodile, 
Cic. u 

crocota -ae, f. (sc. vestis, Gr. 6 kpokwtos, sc. 
XitioV), a saffron-coloured robe worn by women, Cic, 

crocotiila -ae, f. (dim. of crocota), a little 
saffron-coloured robe, Plaut. 

crocus -i, ni., crocum -i, n. (kpokos and 
KpoKov). I. saffron, used by the ancients not 
only as a spice and in medicine, but in the 
preparation of perfumes, Ov.; personified, Crocus, 
a young man changed into a saffron-flower, Ov. II. 
Meton., the colour of saffron, yellow, Verg. 

Croesus -i, m. (Kpoi<ro?), a king of Lydln 
famous for his wealth; appell. =a rich man, Ov. 
Adj., CroesiUS -a -um, of Croesus. 

Cromyon -onis, f. (Kpopuiov), a village in 
Megaris. 

crotalia -orum, n. (kpotoAki), an earring 
consisting of several pendant pearls, Ters. • , 

crotalistria -ae, f. a female dancer and per. 
former on the castanets, Prop. 

crotalum -i, n. (uporaKov), a Castanet, Verg. 

Croto (Cr6ton) -onis, c (Kponov), a town on 
the east coast of Bruttium, now Crotone. Hence 

I, CrStoniates -ae, m. (KpoTomanjs), ait Inn 
habitant ofCrotona; 2, adj., Crotoniensis -e, 
of Crotonu. 

Crotopiades -ae, m. (KpoTwiriaSris), the poet 
Linus, grandson, on the mother's side, ofCrotopus, 
king of Argos, Ov. 

cruciamentum -i, n. (crttcio), torture, tor. 
blent, Cic. 

crucfatus -us, m. (crucio), torture, torment, 
execution ; onmes animi cruciatus et corporis," 
Cic. ; per cruciatum interficere, Caes. ; quin tu 
abi in malam pestein malumque cruciatum, go 
and be hanged, Cic. 

crucio, 1. (crux), to torture, torment; quum 
vigiliisatque fame cruciaretur, Cic; aliqueni, Cic. 

crudelis -e (crudus), unfeeling, unmerciful, 
cruel, inhuman, liardhearted ; a, of persons, crud- 
elissimustyrannus, Cic. ; Lepidus erudelis in lib- 
eros, Cic ; inhominiscousulariscalamitatecrud' 
elis, Cic ; b, of things, funus, Verg. ; bellum, 
Cic. ; consilia crudelissima, Cic. 

crudelitas -atis, f. (crudelis), cruelty, in- 
humanity ; importuna in me crudelitas, Cic 

crudeliter, adv. (crudelis), cruelly, inhu- 
manly ; imperare, Caes. ; aliqueni erudelissirne 
iuteiiicere, Cic. 

crudesco -dui, 3. to become Itard, violent ; 
crudescit morbus, Verg. ; seditio, Tac. 

cruditas -atis, f. (crudus), overloading of the 
stomach, indigestion, Cic. 

Crudus -a -um (contr. from cruidus, from 
root CRU, whence cruor), raw. X. Lit., 1, not 
prepared by fire, uncooked, raw; exta cruda 
victimae, Liv. ; 2, not ripened by the sun, unripe, 
poma, Cic; 3, a, undigested; pavo, Juv. ; b, 
suffering from indigestion; Roscius crudior fuit, 
Cic. ; 4, raw, not healed; vulnera, Ov. ; 5, un- 
prepared, rough ; cortloe crudo . hasta, Verg. 

II. Transf., 1, not -ready, immature, fresh ; ser- 
vitlum, Tac; 2, vigorous, fresh ; senectus cruda 
virldisque, Verg, j 3i rough, erud ; Getae, Ov, I 
ensis, verg. 



eru 



\u 



cul 



crftento, 1. (crucntus), to tnalv bloody, to 
itain with blood; msnus Banguine, Nep. ; glad- 
iuni, Cic. ; lis., haec te lacerat, haec cruentat 
oratio, wounds, Cic. 

cruentus -a -um (cruor), bloody. I. Gra. a, 
mired with blood; guttaeimbrium quasi cruentae, 
Cic; b, blond - red ; myrta, Verg. II. In a bad 
sense, bloody through •murder. A. Lit., covered, 
stained, spotted with blood, bloody ; umeutus sang- 
uine civnun Romanoi'tim, Cic; cadaver, Cic; 
gaudens Dellonacruentis, in the shedding of blood, 
Hor. B. Transf., a, wounding; dens, Hor.; b, 
rejoicing in blood, bloodthirsty, cruel ; ira, Hor. 

crumena -ae, f. a leathern pouch for money, 
carried by a strap rouna\ the neck. A. Lit., 
Plant. B. Transf. ^mon ey ; non detlcicntecium- 
ena, Hor. j} 

cruor -oris, m. (root CItU, whence also 
f.Tudus), the blood which flows from a wound, 
gore ; cruor inimici recentissimus, Cic ; tig., 
murder, slaughter ; cruor Cinnanus, the slaughter 
of Cinna, Cic. ; castus a cruore civili, Cic. ; ad 
caedein et cruorem abstrahi, Cic 

cruppellarii -orum, in. Gaulish gladiators, 
who fought in full armour, Tac 

orus, cruris, n. 1, the shin, shin-bone\ leg; 
frangere alicui crus or crura (of persons cruci- 
fied), Cic. ; rigida crura, Cic ; sucddere crura 
equo, Liv.; 2, plnr., the supports of a bridge, Cat. 

crusta -ae, f. 1, the cruet, rind, shell, burk 
of any substunce ; concrescunt subitac currenti 
in flumine crustae, coating of ice, Verg. ; 2, 
mosaic, inlaid work, on, walls, bus-relief, or em- 
bossing on silver plate, Cic. 

crustulum -i, n. (dim. of crustum), a little. 
cake, Hor. 

crustum -i, n. (crusia), anything baked, 
bread, cake, Verg. 

Crustiimerla -ac, f. (Kpouoronepc'a) 
( morlum -ii, n., -raerli -orum, in. -mlum 
-li, n.), a town, of the Sabines, near the sources of 
the Allia. Hence adj., 1, Crustiiminus -a 
-um, 2, Crustiimlus -a -urn, of Crustumeria. 

crux, crilcis, f. a cross; agcre aliquem in 
crucem, Cic. ; affigere aliquein cruci, Liv.; de- 
trahere aliquein ex cruce, Cic. ; minari alicui 
crucem, Cic. ; rapere aliquem in crucem, Cic. ; 
abi in rnalam cracem, go and. be hanged .' Plaut. 

crypta -ae, f. (kputttt)), a subterranean gal- 
lery, vault, crypt, grotto, Juv. 

crystallfnus -a -um (Kpvtr-rdAAti'o?), crystal- 
line, mode of crystal, Plin. Subst. , crystal 
Una -drum, n. (sc. vasa), crystal rases, Juv. 

oryatallus -i, f. and (rarely) m. (kdvo-- 
TttAA.o?) (heteioel. plur., crystalla). A. Lit., 
crystal. B. Meton., a, a crystal drinking vessel, 
Mart. ; b, the glittering, precious stone in a ring, 
Prop. 

Ctesiphon -phontis, m. (Kt>)o-i$<!>i'), an 
Athenian statesman, friend of Demosthenes, who 
defended him when accused by Aeschines. 

cublcularis -c (cublculum), relating to a 
she ping- room ; lectus, Cic. 

cubicularius -a -um (cublculum), belonging 
to a sleeping-room. Subst., CUblCUlariUS -ii, 

in. a chamber-servant , Cic. 

cublculum -i, n. (cubo), a sleeping- room, 
bedroom, Cic. 

cubile (cubo), 1, a bed, esp. the marriage- 
bed ; 2, the resting-place of animals, lair, den ; 
ferarum bestiarum, Liv.; rimosa cubilia, of bees, 
hives, Vers.; construere sibi cubilia nidos, Verg.; 
flg., the seat of an evil; ut omnes mortales istius 
avarit iae non jam vestigia, sad ipsa cubilia videre 



cubital -talis, n. (cubitum), an elbow cushion, 
Hor. 

CUbl talis -e (cubitum), of the length of a 
cubit ; cubitalis fere cava, Liv. 

ciibito, 1. (freq. of cubo), to He down often, 
be accustomed to lie, Cic. 

cubitum -i, n. and cubitus -i, m. (cubo), 

1, the elbow; cubito remanere presso, Hor. ; 2, 
a cubit, an ell, Cic. 

cubo -ui -itum, 1. 1, a, to lie down, recline; 
In lectica, Cic; b, esp. to lie down to sleep ; cub- 
itum ire, to go to bed, Cic ; c, to recline at table; 
quod memlnisset quo eorum loco quisquc cubu- 
isset, Cic ; d, to lie down from illness, to lie in 
bed ill ; eubantem disputare de hliqua re, Cic. ; 

2, applied to inanimate objects, partic. Cubans, 
sloping; Ustica, Hor. , 

CUCUllus -i, m. a hood, cowl, Juv. 

CUCUllIS -i, m. (kokkv/;), the cuckoo, Plaut. ; 
as a term of reproach, Plaut., Hor. 

CUCiimiS. -mens, m. a cucumber, Verg. 

cucurblta -ae, f. 1, a gourd, Plin.; 2, a cup- 
ping-glass, Juv. 

cudo, 3. 1, to beat, pound; fabas, lo thresh ; 
prow, istaec in me cudetur faba, / slutll suffer 
for that, Ter. ; 2, of metals, to stamp, beat out, 
coin; pluinbeos nummos, Plaut. 

culcuimodl = cujus-cujus-iuodi, of what 
kind soever, Cic. ^ 

CUJas -atis and cujatis -is (cujus from qui), 
of what country ? whence? Cic. 

cujus -a -um, 1. (cujus from qui), 1, interrog. 
pron. to whom belonging? whose ! cujuin pecua? 
whose flock ? Verg. ; 2, rclat. pron. whose, is cuja 
res sit, Cic. 

cujuscemodi (qui, ce, and modus), of what- 
ever kind, Cic. 

cujusdam-modl, of a certain kind, Cic. 

cujusmddl (quis and modus), of what kind? ■ 
Cic. 

cujusquemodi (quisquc and modus), of 
every kind, Cic. 

CUlcIta -ac, f. (calco), a mattress, bolster, 
pillovj ; plumea, Cic. 

culeus (culleus) -i, m. (root CU, whence 
cupa), a large leathern sack, Nep. ; aliquem insu- 
ere in culeum (the punishment of parricides), Cic. 

culex -icis, m. a gnai, midge, Hor. 

culina -ae, f. (contr. from coquilina), a, a 
kitchen; tua (pliilosophia) in culina, mea in 
palaestra est, Cic; b, meton., food, fare, 
victuals ; Murcna praebente doniuni, Capitone 
culinam, Hor. 

culleus, v. culeus. 

culmen -inis, n. (for columen from * cello), 
the top, summit. I, A. Lit., 1, culmen Alpium, 
Cacs. ; 2, the ridge nfa roof; culmen tccti, Verg. 
B. Transf., summit; sumnium culmen fortunae, 
Liv. II. Poet. = culuius, haulm, Ov. 

culmus -i, m. (from * cello, like culmen), a. 
stalk, haulm, esp. of grain, Cic; thatch; Iio- 
miilco recens liorrebat regia culmo, Verg. 

culpa -ae, f. fault, error. I. Lit., 1, culpa 
delicti, Cic; a, abl., culpa, /)// one's own fault, 
Cic ", so mea. culpa, tua culpa, etc. ; abesse a 
culpa or culpa, Cic ; non abhorrerc a tali culpa, 
Cic. ; uni culpam attribuere, Cic. ; committere 
cnlpam, Cic ; dare alicui summam laudem vitio 
et culpae, Cic. ; est culpa mea, Cic. ; est culpa 
in aliquo or in aliqua re, Cic. ; esse in culpa, 
Cic. ; extra culpam esse, Cic. ; liberare aliquem 
culpa, Cic. ; b, praestare culpam, to make oneself 
resvonsiblefor, Cic; in se suscipere istius culp- 
am", Cic ; vacare culpa, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, thi 



cul 



145 



cun 



taiUt of negligence, Hor. ; b, unchastity, Ov. II. 
Meton., the cause of error or sin; eulpain ferro 
coMi]>esce, Verg. 

CUlpatUS -a -uin, p. aclj. (from culpo), blame- 
worthy ; Paris, Vcrg. 

CUlpo, 1. (culpa), 1, to blame, find fault with, 
accuse, disapprove; laudatur ab his, culpatur 
ab illis, Hor. ; 2, to lay blame on; arbore nunc 
aquas culpante, Hor. 

culte, adv. with compar. (1. cultus), ele- 
gantly; loqui, Ov. 

cultellus -i, m. (dim. of culter), a little 
knife, Hor. 

culter- -tri, m. (connected with Skr. kar, to 
wound, and Gr. «i P <o), a knife; cultri tonsorn, 
razors, Cic. ; a ploughshare, coulter, Plin. ; prov., 
me sub cultro linquit, leaves me under the knife, 
i.e., in the greatest peril, Hor. 

CUltor -oris, m. (colo), a cultivator, planter, 
labourer. I. Lit,, A. Gen., terrae, Cic. ; agror- 
um, Liv. B. 1, absol., husbandman, Sail. ; 2, 
with genit., an inhabitant, occupier ; eius terrae, 
Sail. II. Transf., 1, gen., a friend, supporter; 
bonorum {of the. optimates), Liv. ; veritatis, Cic. ; 
2, csp., a worshipper; deorum, Hor. ; religion- 
uin, Liv. 

cultrix -icis, f. (cultor), 1, she who tends 
or takes care of, Cic; 2, inhabitant; nemorum 
Latonia virgo, Verg. 

CUltura -ae, f. (colo), culture, cultivation. 
I. Lit, 1, gen., agri, Cic. ; vitis, Cic. ; 2, agri- 
culture, husbandry, Hor. II. 1, mental culture, 
cultivation; animi, Cic; 2, reverence, respect, 
courting; potentisainici, Hor. 

1. cultus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and 
ssuperl. (colo). A. cultivated, tilled, planted ; loci 
culti, Cic. ; agercultissimus, Cic. Subst., culta 
-oruxn, n. cultivated land; an culta ex silves- 
tribus facere potui? Liv. B. a, ornamented, 
adorned ; feinina cultissima, Ov. ; b, polished, 
elegant; sonum linguae ct corporum habitum 
et nitorcm cultiora quam pastoralia esse, Liv. ; 
culta cannina, Ov. 

•2. CUltUS -us, m. (colo). I. cultivation; 

agroruin, Liv., Cic. II. A. physical or mental 

cultivation; 1, a, physical cultivation, care, 

tending; corporis, Cic; b, adornment, dress; 

cultus Punicus, habitusque, Liv. ; 2, viental 

culture, training, education; animi, ingenii, Cic. 

B. revei rxe, respect, worship; a, of the gods, 

cultus deoaim, Cic. ; b, respect paid to -men; be- 

nevolis officium et diligens tiibuitur cultus, Cic. 

culullus -i,m. a drinking-vessel, Hor. 

cuius -i, m. the fundament, Cat. 

1. cum, conj. =quum(q.v.). 

» 2. cum, prep, with abl. with. I. In space, 1, 

together with; esse, vivere, agitare, habitare, 

ces.sare, donuirc, ire, abire, redire, mittere cum 

aliquo; cum impediments venire, Caes. ; esp. 

a, in the company of a general ; cum M;igonc 

equitesHispauorum praemissos, Liv.; b, of some 

oHicc held in common with some one else, unuin 

iiiiperium unumque magistratum habere cum 

ipsis, Liv.; c, inrelation trill,, in cam print/with: 

cum aliquo go delectare, Cic. ; 2, adorned with. 



Cumae -arum, f. (Ku'mij), an ancient city of 
Campania, famous as the residence of the Sibyl. 
Adj. Cumanus -a -um ; Cumaeus -a -uin, 
Vumaean; virgo, the Sibyl, Ov. 
cumba = cymba (q.v.). 
cumera -ae, f. a corn-chest, Hor. 
cuminun -i, n. (Kvpivov), the herb cummin, 
Hor. 
cummi, v. gummi. 
cumprimis, v. primus, 
cumque (cunque, quomque), an adverb 
usually round in composition, e.g., quicumque, 
ubicumque, etc., signifying however, whatever, 
whenever; sometimes standing by itself; quae 
demant quomque dolorem, }tain in general, Lucr. ; 
niihi cumque salve rite vocanti, whenever I call, 
Hor. 

cumulate, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(cumulatus), abundantly, copiously; gratias 
agere, Cic. 

cumulatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (cumulo), 1, heaped up, increased, en- 
larged ; Hesiodus eadem mensura reddere jubet, 
qua acceperis, aut etiam cumulatiore, si possis, 
Cic. ; 2, perfect ; hoc sentire et facere perfectae 
cumulatiieque virtutis est, Cic. 

cumulo, 1. (cumulus). I. A. Lit. , to lieap up, 
pile up ; cetera omnis generis arma in acervum. 
Liv. B. Transf., qunm aliae super alias clades 
cumularentur, Liv. ; omnes in aliquem honores, 
Tac II. a, to till by heaping up, fill up, overload; 
fossas corporibus, Tac; altaria donis, "\erg. ; 
b, confiteor rac cumulari maximo gaudio, Cic; 
cumulatus laude, loaded with praise, Cic. ; C, to 
increase, heighten; invidiam, Liv.; cumularcelo- 
quentia beliicam gloriam, Cic; d, to bring to 
perfection ; cumelata, crant officia vitae, perfectly 
fulfilled, Cic. 

cumulus -i, m. (connected with culmen and 
culmus). A. Lit., a heap, pile, mass; hostium 
coacervatorum, Liv.; aquarum, Ov. B. Transf., 
addition, increase, surplus, summit ; commenda- 
tionis tuae, Cic; alicui affcrre cumulum gaudn, 
Cic. . . ., 

cunabula -orum, n. (cunae). A. Lit., a 
cradle; a, esse in cunabulis, Cic; b, the bed 
of the young of bees, Verg. B. Meton., the earliest 
abode; gentis, Verg. 

cunae -arum, f. (cubo, * cunibo), acradle ; a, 
in cunis dormire. Cic. ; primis cunis, in earliest 
childhood, Ov. ; b, tlve nest of young birds, Ov. 

cunctabundus -a -um (cunctor), loitering, 
delaying, dilatory, Liv., Tac . 

cunctans -antis, p. adj. with compar. (cunc- 
tor), loitering, lingering, slow, Ylin.; ilex glebae, 
tenacious, Verg. 

cunctanter, adv. with compar. (cunctans), 
slowly, linger ingly, Liv. 

cunctatio -Onis, f. (cunctor), a delay, linger- 
ing, hesitation; invadendi, Liv.; sine cuncta- 
tiouc, Cic. ; abjecta omni cunctatione, Cic. 

cunctator -oris, m. (cunctor), one u<ho de- 
lays, lingers, hesitates ; cunctatorem ex acernmo 
bellatoie factum, Liv.; a surname of the dictator, 
Q. 1'abius Maximus. 



pi . - 

in conviviis, Cic ; legates rum anctoritate init- 
tere, Cic. II. Of time, 1, at the same time with ; 
cum prima luce Pompom: domum venire, Cic. ; 
9. . together with- aliouid magno cum gemitu 
civitatis sutterre, Cic. ; cum eo quod, ut, or ne, 
on the condition that ; sit sane sedtamen cum eo, 
credo, quod sine peccato meo iiat, Cic. (Cum, 
when used with the personal pronoun, is always, 
and when used with relative pronouns generally, 
placed after its case, mecum, quocum, etc.) 



mi aliquo ae delectare, Cic ; 2, adarneii intn. „„.,-.„ , .„., <„,/,,/,,,,. i „rinntioii tostav. 
oridJwith:^ pallio PUV^^^'^'^SSS^&mS^ liU 'Cic: t^um 



tarry; ounctari diutius in vita, Cic; tarduiu 
cunctaturolivum, drops slowly, Lucr. ; 2, of ac- 
tion, to hesitate, linger, be slouj ; sedendo 6t cur.e- 
tando bellum gerebat, Liv. ; with inlin., non est 
cunctandnm profited huncmundum animal esse, 
Cic. ; non cunctor, foil, by quin and the subj. ; 
non cunctandnm existimavit, qniu pugna decer- 
taret, there ought to be no delay in, etc., Caes. ; 
impels, pass., nee cunctatum apud latera, Tac 
<& CUOCtUS -a -um (contr. frov. »•."-■> 



v 



cun 



146 



cur 



eonvinctus), all, al l , mlle.cti rehi, jhc who le; a, 
sing., senatus, Cic"; orbis terTarum, Verg. ; b, 
plur., cuncti -ae -a, cives, Cic; iu poet, some- 
times foil, by genit., homiuum, Ov. 

cuneatim, adv. (cuneo), in shape of a wedge, 
Caes. 

cuneatUB a -iim, p. adj. with compar. 
(cuneo), pointed like a, wedge ; jugum in angust- 
um dorsum cuneatum, Liv. 

cuneo, 1. (euneus), to drive in a wedge, to 
v.'edge in, Plin. 

ouneolus -i, in. (dim. of cuueus), a little 
wedge, Cic. 

euneus -i, m. a wedgr. I. Lit., A. cuneis 
scindere fissile lignum, verg. B. a wedge ax a 
triangular figure ; Britannia in cuneum tenu- 
atur, is narrowed in the shape of a wedge, Tac. 
II. Transf., A. troops drawn up in form of a 
wedge, a wedge ; cuneuin fucere, Caes. B. the 
wedge-shaped compartments into which the seats of 
the amphitheatre were divided, Verg. ; cuneis 
omnibus, to all the spectators, Phaed. 

cuniculosus -a -um (cuniculus), full of holes 
and caverns, Cat. 

cunlculus -i, m. 1, a rabbit, cony, Cat, ; 2, 
on underground passage; omne genus cunicul- 
oriuu apud eos notum atque usitatum est, Caes. ; 
esp. milit. t. t., a mine; agere cuniculum, Caes.; 
aperire cuniculum, Caes. 

cunnus -i, f. = pudendum muliebre ; meton., 
C prostitute, Hot. 

cupa -ae, f. (root CU, whence culeus), a cask 
or butt, Cic. 

cfipedia -ae, f. daintiness, fondness for dain- 
ties, Cic. 

cupide, adv. with compar and super), (cu- 
pidus), eagerly, jxtssionately, hotly, vehemently, 
warmly; cupide appetere aliquid, Cic; cupide 
proficisci, Cic. ; cupidius aliquid dicerc, Cic. ; 
ego vero cupide et libenter mentiar tua causa, 
Cic^ 

cupidltas -atis, f. (cupidus), eager desire, and 
in a bad sense, passionate longing, vehement desire. 
I. Gen., cupiditati inexplebilis, insana, nimia, 
Cic; with obj. genit, pecuniae, Cic; dominandi, 
Cic. ; with ad, tanta cupiditas ad reditum, Cic. ; 
ardere cupiditate, Cic ; coercerc cupiditates, 
Cic; explere cupiditates, Cic; incitare aliquein 
cupiditate imitandi, Cic. ; servire cupiditatibus, 
Cic II. Esp., a, ambition; papillaris (of a 
demagogue), Cic; b, desire for money, avarice; 
sine cupiditate vixisse, Cic. ; c, factiousness, 
party spirit; cupiditatis atque inimicitiarum 
suspicio, Cic 

cupido -inis, f. (m. only in poet.) (cupio), 
longing, desire. I. Gen., Sail.; with genit., 
ami, Tac; pecuniae, honoris, Sail.; flagrarc 
Cupidine rc-gni, Liv.; Haniiibalem iiigens cupido 
incesserat Tarcuti potiendi, Liv. II. Esp., a, 
physical desire; somui, Hall.; b, love; cupido 
visae Virginia, Ov. ; hence personified, Cupido 
-inis, in. Cvpid, the gwl of love, son of Venus, 
Cic; plur., Cupidines, Cupids; o, avarice; 
cupido sordidus, Hot.; a, ambition; ila cupid- 
ine atcpie ira, pessiinis consultoribus, grassari, 
SalL 

cupidus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
fu perl, (cupio), desirous, wishful, eager, fowl. 
L Gen., a, absol., consul non cupidus, Cic. ; b, 
with genit. of object, pecuniae, Cic; novaruiu 
rerum, Cic; te audier.di, Cic ; c, with in and 
theabl.-, In persplcieuda.cognoscendaque rerum 
natura, Cic. II. Esp., a, longing for, loving, 
Ov. ; b, avaricious; homo non cupidus nequo 
appet^ns, Cic. ; c. (a) in a good sense, denoted 
<« • hn.no tni cupidus, cic. ; (fi) In a bad sense, 



factious, partial; quaestores veheinenter istius 
cupidi, Cic. ; absol., judex cupidus, Cic 

cupiens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
supeil. (cupio), desiring, longing, \oishing, eager ; 
novarura rerum, Tac; cupientis.-.iniS plebe, Sail. 

cupienter, adv. (cupiens), eagerly, Plaut. 

cupio -ivi or -ii, -irum, 3. to desire, long for, 
wish for. I. Gen., a, with ace, is quern cupiiiiiis 
optainusque veslitus, Cic; pacem, Liv.; partie 
perl'., res cupita, Liv. ; b, With iutin., cupiensad 
su"s redire, Cic; c, with ace and inrin., equidem 
cupio Antonium liaec quam primum audire, Cic. 
II. Esp., alicui or alicuius causae, to favour, 
support, wish well to ; quid ? ego Fnndanio non. 
cupio? non amicus sum? Cic 

cupitor -oris, m. (cupio), one who desires; 
matrimonii, Tac 

cuppedia, v. cupedia. 

/Apressetum -i, n. (cupressus), a cypress 
wood, Cic. 

cupresseus -a -um (cupressus), made of 
cypress wood ; signa Junonis, Liv. 

CupreBSlfer -fSra -feYuin (cupressus and 
fero), cypress-bearing, Ov. 

CUpreSSUS -i, f. -US, m. (*»7rap«r<70s). A. 
tlie cypress, sacred to Pluto, used at funerals, 
Verg, B. Meton., a casket of cypress wood, Hor. 

cflpreus -a -um, v. cypreus. 

cur (orig. quoirei, cuirei, then cuire, cuir, 
cur), adv. why ? wherefore ? for what reason '. 
1, rel., duae sunt causae, cur, etc., Cic; 2, 
interrog., cur non assum? Cic. 

cura -ae, f. care. I. A. Gen., carefulness, soli- 
citude, pains, troulile (opp. negligentia), attention ; 
magna cum cura et diligentia scribcre aliquid, 
Cic; with genit., rerum ajienarum cure, (difli- 
cilis) est, Cic. ; cura colendi, Verg. ; with do, 
studium tuum curaque de salute mea, Cic. ; 
verbal constructions, adhibere curam in capris 
et ovibns parandis, Cic ; agere ciiram civium, 
Liv. ; conferre mngnam curam in alicuius salut- 
em, Cic. ; non dimittere istam curam, Cic ; 
maxima erat cura duci no, etc., Liv. ; salutcm 
eius regis sonatui populoque Romano magnae 
curse esse, Cic ; imprimis tibi curae sit ne mihi 
tenipus prorogetur, Cic. ; habere curam rerum 
divinaium, Liv. ; incuinbe in earn curam, devote 
yourself to, Cic ; ponere enrain alicuius rei, to 
lay aside, Liv. ; ponere curam in aliqua re, to 
devote one's attention to, Cic ; suscipere curam, 
Cic. ; sustinere maximam curam belli, Cic. B. 
care for something, attending, caring, minding; 
1, of husbandly, quae enra bourn, Verg. ; 2, the 
adornment of the body; cura cultusque femin- 
arum, Liv.; 3, heeding, cure; simplex ilia jam 
cura doloiis tui, Cic; 4, the worship of the gods ; 
deorum, Liv.; 5, taking care of a person ; suilin 
sororisquc Ulios in eadem cura habere, Liv.; 
meton., theobjed of attention ; tuacura, palumbcs, 
Verg. ; 6, care for, management, administration ; 
esp. of public affairs, cuiareipublicae, Liv. ; cura 
naviuin, of Hue fleet, Tac; meton., business, ad- 
ministration; quum sumus necessariis negoliis 
ourisque vacui, Cic. II. core, anxiety, solicitude, 
disquiet; 1, sine cura, Cic; afferre alicui curam, 
Cic; afheerc aliquem aliqua cura, Cic; conlici 
curis, Cic; priusquam ea cura decederet patri- 
bua Homanis, Liv. ; liberare aliquem cura, Cic ; 
et cura vacare et negotio, Cic; 2, of the disquiet 
of love, juvenum curac Hor. ; meton., the object 
of love; tuacura, Lycorii Verg. 

curabilis -e (cura), eicUing care or fear; 
vindicta, Juv. 

curalium -0 = eorallium (q.v.). 
curate, (curatus), adv. carefully, compar, 
cm-atius legi,' between the Jfue*, Tao, • 



cm 



147 



cur 



curatlo -onis, f. (euro). I. Gen., a taking 
care, Plaut. II. Esp. attention, management ; 1, 
a, with genit., curatio corporis, Cic. ; b, medical 
attention, Healing, cure; curatio medici, Cic; 
curatio valetudinis, Cic. ; adhibere curationem, 
Cic. ; praescribere curationem, Cic; 2, manage- 
ment, administration; esp. of a public ottice, 
curatio Nenicorurn, of the Nemean games, Liv. ; 
Asiatica curatio frumenti, commission to buy 
corn, Oic. ; curatio agraria, commission to di- 
vide land, Cic. ; curationem suscipere, Cic. ; 
aedes Telluris est curationis meae, Cic. 

curator -oris, m. (euro), one wlw takes care ; 1, 
a guardian, overlooker, curator; viae Flamiuiae 
Cic. ; maris reticiendis sunto aediles curatores 
urbis annouae ludorumque sollemniuui, Cic; 
legibus agrariis curatores eoustituere, Cic. ; 2, 
legal t. t., guardia/n of a minor or idiot or pro- 
digal; alicui curatorem dare (of the praetor), Hor. 
curatus -a -urn, p. adj. (euro), carefully pre- 
pared ; curatissimae pieces, Tac. 
curoulio -Onis, m. a weevil, corn-worm,Yerg. 
Cures -ium, f. an ancient town of the Sabines; 
meton., the inhabitants of Cures, Ov. Hence A. 
Adj., Curensis -e, of Cures. B. Cures -etis, 
m. an inhabitant of Cures. 

Curetes -uxn, m. (Koupi)T«), the ancient in- 
habitants of Crete, who celebrated a frantic wor- 
ship of Jupiter, like tliat of Cybele by the Cory, 
bantes. Adj. , Curetis -Idjs, poet. = Cretan, Ov. 
curia -ae, f. (connected with Quiris). L a 
curia, one of thirty divisions into v;hich the 
Roman patricians were distributed by Romulus, 
Liv, II. Meton., A. the meeting-place of a curia, 
Tac. B. a, the building in winch the senate met, 
usually the Curia Hostilia, afterwards the Curia 
Pompeja or Curia Julia ; b. Curia Saliorum, the 
house of the Salii on tlie Palatine, Cic. ; C, the 
seriate ; aliquem in curiam introducere, Liv. ; 
d, the senate-house of non-Roman nations— e.g., 
at Salamis, Cic. ; Syracuse, Cic. ; Troy, Ov. ; 
Athens, the Areopagus, Juv. 

curialis -e (curia), belonging to the same 
curia, Cic. 

curiatim, adv. (curia), by curiae; populum 
consuluit, Cic. 

Curiatii -orum, m. name of aiv Alban gens, 
three of which fought with the Horatii. 

curiatus -a -um (cu>ia), relating to the 
curiae; comitia curiata, the original assembly of 
the Roman people, in which they voted by curiae, 
Cic. ; lex, a law passed in the comitia curiata, 
Cic. 

Curicta -ae, f. an island on the lllyrian 
coast, now Veglia. 

1. CUTIO -onis, m. (curia), 1, the priest of a 
curia, Varr. ; maximus, the head of the college 
formed by the thirty curiones, Liv. ; 2, a herald, 
crier, Mart. 

2. Curio -onis, m. tint name of a family of the 
gens Scribonia. 

curiose, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(euriosus), 1. carefully; conquirere istacuriosius, 
Cie. ; 2, inquisitively; curiosius id faciuut 
quant necesse est, Cic. 

curiositas -iitis, f. (curiosus), inquisitive- 
ness, curiosity. 

Curios^'ites -um, m. a people in Brittany, 
near modern Corseult. 

curiosus -a -urn, adj. with compar. and 
6uperl. (enra), carej'ul; 1, attentive, diligent; 
curiosis oculis perspici non posse, Cic. ; per- 
multa alia colligit Chrysippus, ut est in omnl 
historia curioaus, Cic; 2, inquisitive, curious; 
Sti curiosl, Cic 



curls -is, f. (a Sabine word) = hasta, a lanoe, 
or javelin, Ov. 

Curius -a -um, name of a plebeian, gens, of 
which the most illustrious member was M'. Curius 
Dentatus, the conqueror of the Sabine*, Samnites, 
and of Pyrrhus, celebrated for his temperance; 
hence appell. a brave and temperate man, Hor. 
Adj., Curianus -a -um, of or belonging to 
Curius. 

euro, 1. (cura). I. Gen. to care for, pay at- 
tention to, tend; a, with ace, negotia alisna, 
Cic. ; b, with ace. and gerundive, in Sicilia. 
frumentum emenduin et ad urbem. mittendum 
curare, to get bought and sent, Cic ; C, with 
infill., qui res istas scire curavit, Cic; nou 
curare, not to care, to decline, refuse; in Sicilian! 
ire non curat, Oic. ; d, followed by ut, ne, ut 
ne and the subj., or the subj. alone, Cic; so in 
letters, cura ut valeas, Cic; e, with de, Quintus 
de einendo nihil curat hoc tempore, Cic. II. 
Esp., 1, to attend to, take care of ; se, Cic ; mem- 
bra, Hor. ; to attend to, cure an invalid, or a dis- 
ease; curare corpora, Cic ; curari non posse, 
Oaes. ; 2, to attend to religious observances; sacra, 
Cic. ; 3. to provide or procure a sum of money ; 
jubc sodes nunimos curari, Cic. ; 4, to adminis- 
ter, manage; res Roniae, Liv.; absol. to com- 
mand; curare Roniae, Tac. (Archaic forms, 
coiravi, coirandi, ap. Cic.) 

curriouluni -i, n. (curro). I. Act., A, 
Abstr., 1, running, Plaut. ; 2, esp. a, a contest 
in running, a race, Cic. ; b, a coxirse, orbit oj 
heavenly bodies; solis et lunae, Cic. B. Concr., 
the chariot used in races ; in curriculum quadrig- i 
arum incurrere, Cic II. Pass, the raceground ; 
athletae se in ouniculo exercentes, Cic ; often 
tig., exiguum vitac curriculum naturu circunv- 
scripsit, iuimensurn gloriae, Cic. 

CUXTO, ciicurri, cursuin, 3. to run, hasten; 
pass. imper6., curritur, one runs, Cic. ; curritur 
ad praetorium, Cic. ; pro so quisque currere ad 
sua tutanda, Liv. ; with cognate ace, eosdem 
cursus currere, Cic; prov., currentem liortari, 
incitare or instigare, to spur the willing liorse, 
Oic. ; esp. a, to run in a race; currere bene, Ov.; 
with aoc. of place, qui stadium currit, Cic. ; b, 
of ships, to sail; per oinne mare, Hor.; with ace, 
currere cavatrabe vastum aequor, Verg.; c, of a 
wheel, si mea sincero curreretaxerota,'Ov.; d, of 
water, currentes aquae, Ov.; e, of the heavenly 
bodies, libera currebant et inobservata per annum 
sidera, Ov. ; f, of the hem of a garment, quam 
plurima circum purpura Maeandro duplici Mel- 
iboea cucurrit, Verg. ; g, of fright, cold, shame, 
etc., varius per ora cucurrit Ausonidum turbata 
fremor, Verg. ; h, of time, to pass; currit ferox 
aetas, Hor.; i, fig., of discourse, to march easily ; 
perfacile currens oratio, Cic. 

currus -us, m. (curro). I. A. a chariot, car, 
esp. a triumphal car; escendere in currum, Cic. ; 
flectere currum de foro in Capitoliuiu, Cic. ; in- 
vehi curru Capitolium, Cic. B. Meton., a, the 
horses, the team; nequc audit currus habenas, 
Verg. ; b, triumph ; quern ego currum aut quam 
lauream cum tua laudatione couferrein ? Cic 
II. a plough with wheels, Verg. III. a ship, 
Cat. (syncop. genit. plur. currum, Verg., Acn. 
vi. 603). 

cursim, adv. (curro), hastily, quickly; cursim 
agraen agere, Liv. ; cursim dicere aliena, Cic. 

cursito, 1. (intens. of curso), to run up and 
down ; huo et illuc (of the atoms), Cic. 

eurso, 1. (freq. of curro), to run hither and 
thither; ultro et citro, Cio. 

oursor -6ris, ra. (curro). J. Lit. A. a 
runner, especially for a prize, Cic. ; one u-ho con- 
tends in the chariot root, Ov, 8. 1- " " ~— 



cur 



148 



eye 



postman, Tac. ; 2, a slave who ran before his 
uiaster's carriage, a naming footman, Suet. II. 
Transf. surname of L. Papirius, the conqueror of 
the Savin ites. 

cursus -us, m. (cuito), a running, rapid 
motion on horseback, in a carriage, or ship ; mil- 
ites cursu exaniniatos, Cues. ; cursus equo- 
iiiin, Verg. ; longarum navium, Caes. ; cursu 
tendere ad aliquem or aU locum, Liv. ; in cursu 
esse, to travel in haste, Cic. ; esp. a, chariot or 
horse-race; cursus eertamen, Ov. ; fig. the. race 
for office, honour, etc. ; in eodein cursu fuisse a 
Sulla dictatore ad eosdein fere consules, Cic. ; 
h f course, march, journey; cursus maritimus, 
Cic; inihi cursus in Graeciam pertuaiu provinc- 
ial!) est, Cic; cursus dirigere, Liv. ; enrsum 
secundum habere, Caes. ; cursuin tcnere, Cic. ; 
tig., reliquua vitae cursus, Cic; c, the course of 
water; quosdam exaruisse amnes aut in alium 
enrsum contortos et deflexos videmus, Cic. ; d, 
of heavenly bodies, annui cursus solis, Cic; e, 
of the voice, his per omnes sonos vocis cursus, 
Cic. 

Curtius -a -mil, name of a Soman gens, the 
most uoted members of which were: a, M. Curtius, 
a Roman youth, said to have jumped into a chasm 
in the Roman forum, which then closed; b, C. 
Curtius Postunius, an adherent of Caesar's ; Q. 
Curtius Itufus, the author of a Latin history of 
Alexander the Great, probably contemporary with 
Vespasian, Hence, Curtius lacus, the chasm in 
the forum into which M. Curtius was said to have 
jumped. 

curto, 1. (curtus), to abridge, abbreviate, 
lessen, Hor. 

CUrtUS -a -um. shortened, mutilated, cut short ; 
res, Ov. ; niulus, Hor.; transf., of discourse, cut 
short ; curta sentiunt uec ainant redundantia, Cic. 

CUrullS -e (currus), relating to a chariot; 
equi, the team of four horses provided out of the 
public purse for the Circensian games, Liv. ; sella, 
the curule chair adorned with ivory, the official 
seat of the consuls, praetors, and curule acdiles, 
Cic. ; curulis aedilis, a curule aedile, Liv. 

curvamen -inis, n. (curvo), a curving, vault- 
ing, arching, Ov. 

curvatura -ae, f. (curvo), a vault, arch, 
Tlin. ; rotae, the rim, Ov. 

curvo, 1. (curvus), to bend, bow, curve; curv- 
are brachia longocircuitu, Ov. ; quum nux plur- 
ima curvabit ramos, makes to bend, Verg. ; toll- 
imur hi caelum curvato gurgite, Verg. ; curvare 
genua sua, Verg.; Hadria curvaniCalabros sinus, 
Hor. ; transf., make to bend, move; nee te vir 
Pieria pellice saucius cui"vat, Hor. 

curvus -a -um (icupTo?), bent, bowed, arched, 
curved, crooked; arbor, be.nt with the weight, of 
fruit, Ov. ; antrum, Verg. ; naves, Ov. ; litus, 
Hor. ; fluiucn, winding, Verg. ; curvus arator, 
bowed down, Verg. ; curva senecta, Ov. ; subst., 
curvum -i, n. what is crooked ; curvo dignos- 
ccre rectum, Hor. 

cuspis -Mis, f. A. Lit. a point, esp. the 
point or head of a spear; asseres pedum XII 
cuspidibus praefixi, Caes. ; of the sting of a bee, 
Mil. ; of a scorpion, Ov. B. Meton. a, a lance, 
javelin; infrstis cuspidibus uti, Liv.; b, Nep- 
tune's trident ; cuspis triplex, Ov.; c, a spit, Mart. 

custodlU -ae, f. (custos). I. a watching, 
gw/rdivg, custody, care. A. Lit., a, cannm, Cic. ; 
aliquem diligenti custodia asservare, Liv.; b, 
miljt. t. t. keeping guard, watching ; custodiae 
cl.issium, Caes. ; committere custodiam corporis 
feris barbaris, Cic. B. Meton., 1, the watch, 
sentinels; a, sing., in prose only collective, cus- 
todiam ex suis ac praesidiumsex milmhominum 
■"K. Caes. ; b, plur., frequent cus- 



todiis locus, Liv.; circumdare horribiles custod- 
ias, Cic. ; disponerc custodias diligentius, Caes.; 
2, the station of the guard, post; haec 11IC8 BCCleS 
est, haec vigilia, haec custodia, Cic. II. Esp. 
custody, safe-keeping; custodia libera, liberation 
on parole, Liv.; dare aliquem in custodiam, Cic; 
esse in custodia publica, Cic. ; nccari in custo- 
dia, Caes. 

custodfo, 4. (custos). I. Gen. to tn-ard, watch, 
kee/i; tuum corpus domumque, Cic. ; se diligent- 
issime, Cic. ; custodire salutem alicuius, Cic ; 
poma, of a dragon, Ov. II. Esp. a, to keep in 
sight, observe, watch ; aliquem custodire ne quid 
auferat, Cic; A. Terentius Varro ad custodieud- 
um iter eoruin missus, Liv. ; b, to take care of; 
liber tuns a me cudtoditur diligentissime, Cic; 
custodire aliquid litteris, Cic ; c, to keep in 
prison, hold captive; ducem praedouum, Cic ; 
obsides, Caes. . 

CUStOS -odis, c I.Gen. a guardian, watch- 
man, keeper, preserver, attendant; a, portae, 
Liv. ; custos defensorque provinciae, Cic. ; cus- 
tos urbis, Cic. ; fortitudo custos dignitatis, Cic ; 
b, the guardian of a young man; custos in- 
corruptissimus, Hor. ; c, the guardian of a 
woman; nimium servat custos Junonius Io, Ov.; 
d, the officer in charge of the voting-tablets; cus- 
todes Ubellarum, Cic. ; e, milit. t.t., a sentinel, 
guard; custodes dare, Cic. ; disponere, Caes. 
II. a, an overseer, overlooker, spy; custos ac 
viiulex cupiditatum, Cic. ; b, the gaoler, guard 
of a prisoner ; jugulari a custouibus, Ncp. 

CUtlCUla -ae, f. (dim. of cutis), the skin, 
cuticle, Juv. 

Cutiliae -arum, f. an old town in the country 
of the Sabines. 

cutis -is, f. (root CUT, Gr. KYT, whence 
kuto?), the. skin, Hor. ; hide, leather, Mart. 

C^&ne -es, f. (Kuan)), a. nymph changed into 
a fountain for her grief at. the loss of Proserpine. 

Cyanee -es, f. (KuartT)), daughter of Mae- 
andcr, mother ofCaunus and Byblis. 

cyathus -i, m. (kvo.8os), 1, a ladle for fdling 
the goblets (pocula) with wi)ie out of the crater, 
Hor. ; 2, a. measure of capacity = one-twelfth of 
a sextarius, Hor. 

cybaeus -a -um, navis and absol., cybaea 
-ae, f. a kind of transport or merchantman, Ck\ 

Cybele or C^bebe -es, f. (Ki^e'M.Kv^^.)), 
1, a Phrygian goddess, afterwards worshipped a'. 
Rome under various names (Rhea, Ops, Magna 
Mater, etc.), whose priests were called Galli ; adj., 
Cybeleius -a -um, belonging to Cybele ; 2, a 
mountain in. Phrygia. 

Cybistra -5rum, n. (t£ Kv^ia-rpa), a town in 
Cataonia, at the foot of Mount Taurus. 

L cyclas -adis, f. (KvieXdi), a female robe of 
stati', having a border of purple or gold embroidery, 
Juv. 

'J. Cyclas -adis, f. (sc insula), gen. in plur. 
Cvclades -um, f. (KvKAaSes). a group of islands 
in the Aegean Sea. 

cycllCUS -a -um (kvkXikos), cyclic; scriptor, 
an epic poet whose works formed a complete cycle 
of historni, Hor. 

Cyclops -clopis, in. (KvkAuji//, round-eyed), 
a ('yc'ops, gen. in plur., Cyclopes -elopum, m. 
the Cyclopes, a gigantic one-eyed race, the workmen 
of Vulcan; sing., the Cyclops Polyphemus, Hor. 
Adj., Cyclopeus -a -um, saxa, Sicilian, Verg. 

CycneiUS -a -um, belonging to the Boeotian 
Cycnns ; Tempe, Ov. 

eyeneus -a -um (icvKreio<r), belonging to the 
swun ; pluniHe, Ov. ; tamquam eyenea fuit 
divini honijuja vox et o ratio, his swan's song, Cic- 



eye 



no 



Dan 



1. oyenus -i, in. (kv'io-os), the sawn, filmed in 

legend for .its death-song, sacred to Apollo, Cic. ; 
meton. —poet; Dircaeus eyenns, Pindar, Hor. 

2. Cycnus -i, in. 1, king of higuria, son of 
Sthenelvs, changed into a swan; 2, the son of 

Neptune, by Calyce, cluinged into a swan. 

Cydonea -ae, f. (KvSwVcia), an ancient city 
on the north coast of Crete; hence, 1, Cydon* 
-onis, m. o Cydonean; 2, Cydoniatae -arum, 
m. inhabitants of Cydonea; 3, Cydonius -a 
-urn, poet, for Cretan, Verg.; 4, Cydonius -a 
•mil, poet, for Cretan. 
cygn ... v. eyen . . . 
c-ylindrus -dri, m. (icvAtvopo?), 1, a cylinder, 
Cic. ; 2, a roller for levelling the ground, Tiers. 

Cyllaros and -us -i, m, (K^AAapo?), 1, a 
Centaur ; 2, the horse of Castor or Pollux. 

Cyllene -es ami -ae, f. (KvAAijn;)- I. a high 
mountain in north-east Arcadia, where Mercury 
was born and reared. Hence, adj., 1, Cylleni- 
US -a -uin, Cyllenian and Mercurian; proles, 
Mercury, Verg.; also Cephalus, son of Mercury, 
Ov. ; ignis, the planet Mercury, Verg.; subst, 
Cyllenius -ii, in. Mercury, Verg.; 2, Cyllene- 
US-a-uin, Cyllenian or Mercurian ; fides, the lyre, 
Hor. ; 3, Cyllenis -Wis, f. Cyllenian or Mer- 
curian. II. a town in the north of Klis. 

cymba -ae, f. (ki>p./3>j), a small boat, skiff, Cic.T 
esp. the. boat of Charon, Verg. 

cymbalum -i, n. (Kvufiakov), a cymbal, 
usually found in the plur., Cic. 

cymblum -ii, n. (Kvp.fiiov), a snudl drinking- 
vessel, Verg. 

Cyme -es, f. (Kvp.n). A. a town in Aeolis, 
mother-city of Cumae in Campania. Adj., Cym- 
aeus -a -um, Cymaean. B. = Cumae (q.v.). 

Cynapes, m. a river in Asia, falling into 
the Black Sea. 

Cynicus -i, m. (Kuwuos), a Cynic i^hilosopher, 
a Cynic. Adj., Cynicus -a -urn, Cynic. 

cyndcephalus -i, m. am ape with a head like 
a dog's, Cic. 

Cynos and -us -i, f. (Kuvos), a town in 
Locris. 

Cynosarges -is, n. (Kwocrapyis), a gym- 
nasium outswk Athens, sacred to Hercules. 

Cynoseephalae -arum, f. (Kufbs «<paAai, 
dog's heads), two hills near Scototssa in Thessaly 
where the Romans defeated the Macedonians. 

Cynosura -ae, f. (<vio<rovpa), the consteUa-* 
tion of the Little Lear, the pole star, Cic. Adj., 
Cynosuris -idis, uisa, the Little Bear, Ov. 

Cynosurae -arum, f. (Kvi/oo-ovpa), a pro- 
montory in Attica. 

CyntbUS -i, m. (Kvvflos), a mountain in 
Delos, tk. birthplace of Apollo and Diana ; hence, 
Cynthius 
Diana. 

1, Cyparissus -i, m. a youth beloved by 
Apollo, changed into a cypress. 
2- cyparissus = cupressus (q.v.). 
Cyprus and -OS -i. f. (Kvirpos), the island of 
Cyprus ; hence adj., Cyprius -a -11111, Cyprian; 
Cyprium aes, or subst., Cyprium -Ii, n. copper, 
Plin. Subst., Cypria -ae, f. Venus, Tib. ; Cy- 
prii -orum, 111. the Cypriotes. 

Cypselus -i, m. (KityeAos), a tyrant of 
Corinth. 

Cyrene -es (-ae -arum), f. I. a city of North 
Africa, birthplace of the poet Culliniaehus and of 
the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the. Cyrenaic 
school. Hence 1, adj., Cyrenaeus -a -uin, 



Cyrenaic; Cyrenaei -orum, 111. the Cyrenc.f, 
philosophers; 2, Cyrenaicus-a-mn, Cyrenaic; 
Cyrenaici -orum, theOgrtnaiafMUuophert; 3, 
Cyrenensis -e, Cyrenaic. II. Cyrene-es, f. 

daughter of Hypseus, mother of Aristaeus by 
Apollo. 

Cyrnos (Cyrnus) -i, f. (Kvpi-os), the island 
of Corsica. Adj., Cyrnaeus -a -11111, Corsican. 

Cyrtaei or Cyrtii -Orum, m. a people in 
Persis and Media. 

Cyrus -i, m. (Kvpos), 1, the founder of the 
Persian Empire; 2, Cyrus minor, second son of 
Ochus, who fvught with his brother, Artaxerxes 
Memnon, and was killed at Cunaxa ; 3, an archi- 
tect at Rome in the time of Cicero ; hence, Cyrea 
-orum, n. the works of Cyrus, Cic. ; 4, n youth 
mentioned by Horace. 

Cytae -arum, f. (Kvtcu), a city in Colchis, 
birthplace of Medea. Adj., 1, Cytaeus -a -inn, 
Cytaean - Colchian; 2, CytaeiS -idis, f. the 
Cytaean, i.e., Medea. 

Cytbera -orum, n. (Kv&jpa), the island Cy- 
thera, sacred to Venus, now Cerigo ; hence, 1, 
Cythcrea -ae, f. Venus; 2, Cytherelus -a 
-urn, Cytherean; subst., Cythereia -ae, f., 
Venus; 3, Cythereis -Idis, f. the Cytherean, 
Venusj 4, Cytheriacus -a -um, and 5, Cy- 
thereias -idis, f. sacred to Venus. 

Cythnos (Cythmis), -i, f. (Kuflvos), an is- 
land in the Aegean Sea, now Theruiia. 

cytisus -i, c. and cytisum -i, n. (kutkjo?), 
a kind of clover or trefoil much valued by the 
ancients, Verg. 

Cytorus -i, m. (Kvnupos), a mountain and 
city Ml 1'aphlagonia, famous for box-trees. Adj., 
Cytoriacus -a-um, Cytoriav ; pecten, made of 
boxwood, Ov. 

Cyzrcus (-OS) -i, f. (Kvfi/cot) and Cyzicum 
-i, 11. a Mich on the Propontis. Adj., CyziccnUB 
-a -uin, Cy:icene. 



D. 

Dd, the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, 
corresponding in sound and alphabetical 
position with the Greek A, S. For its meaning 
as an abbreviation, see Table of Abbreviations. 

Daci -orum, m, tlie Dacians, a warlike people 
on the Lower Danube ; hence, 1, Dacia -ae, f. 
their country, Dacia; 2, Dacious -i, m. (sc. 
nummus), a gold coin of Domitian, the con- 
queror of Hie Dacians. 

dactyllcus -a -um (SoktvAiicos), dactylic; 
nunieius, Cic. 
11, m." Apollo; Cynthia -ae, f. '► dactyliotheoa -ae, f. 'SaicrvXiobiKij), 1, a 

casket for rings, Mart. ; 2, a collection of seal 
rings and gems, Plin. 

dactylus (-08) -i, m. (Sa/c-roAos) (lit, a finger), 
a metrical foot, consisting of one long, followed by 
two short syllables (_ v^ w), a dactyl, Cic. 

Daedala -orum, 11. a stronghold in Caria. . 

1. daedalUS -a -um (Sai&aXos), 1, act., art- 
ful, full of art; Circe, Verg. ; 2, pass., artfully 
constructed ; tecta, Verg. 

2. Daedalus -i, m. (Acu'SaAof), a celebrated 
Athenian artificer, builder of the Cretan labyrinth ; 
hence adj., Daedaleus -a -um, Daidalean; 
iter, the labyrinth, Prop. 

Dahae -arum, 111. (Aaeu), <* Scythian tribe on 
the cast side of the Caspian Sea. 



Dal 



150 



Dau 



Dalmatae (Delmatae) -arum, m. (a«a- 
Harai), the Dalmatians, inhabitants uj ' Jtalmatia. 
Hence 1, Dalmatla -ae, f. the. country of 
Dalmatia on the east side of the Adriatic Sea; 2, 
adj., Dalmaticus -a -um, Dalmatian ; subst, 
Dalmaticus -i, m. surname 0/ Metcllus, con- 
queror of the Dalmatians. ■ 

dama -ae, f. (in Yerg. in.), a fallow-deer, 
Sor. -•■- •••■ - - ,,,..,.. 

Damascus -i, f. (Sanaa <6^),_the Syrian city 
<f Damascus. Adj.,- Damasoenus -a -um, 
Damascene; prnna, damsons y Plin. 

Damasippus -i, m. cognomen in the gens 
Lieinia. 

damma = dama (q.v.). 

damnatio -onis, f. (damno), condemnation ; 
ambitus, for bribery, Cic. ; tantae pecuniae, to 
pay, etc., Cic. 

damnatorius -a -um (damno), relating to 
condemnation, condemnatory, Cic. ; judicium, 
Cic. 

damno, 1. (damnum). I. to condemn, de- 
clare guilty, sentence. A. Lit. legal t.t.,alicuius 
ininisfcroa sociosque, Cic. ; with ace. of the cause, 
causa judicata atquc damnata, Cic. ; with ace. 
of person, aliquem inauditum, Tac. ; damnari 
inter siearios, to be condemned as an assassin, Cic. ; 
dainnari per arbitrum, Cic. ; dainnari nullum ali- 
am ob causam, Cic. ; with perf. inlin. act., aut 
dabisaut contra edietumfecissedamnabere, Cic; 
with quod, A. Baebius unus est damnatus, quod 
indites Romanos praebuisset ad niinisterium 
raedis, Liv.; uithabl. of the motive, inutili pud- 
ore causam suani damnare, Liv. ; with abl. of 
the accusation, damnari eo crimine, Cic. ; with 
abl. of the law or formula, damnari sua lege, Cic. ; 
with abl. of the court, dainnari populi judicio, 
Cic. ; with abl. of the punishment, damnare ali- 
quem capite, to loss of civil right", Cic; wttllgenit. 
of the crime, ambitus, Cic. ; with genit. of the 
punishment, damnari octupli, Cic ; with do, 
damnari de vi, Cic ; with ad, damnari ad mort- 
em, Tac B. Transf., a, of deities, damnare ali- 
quem voti or voto, tn grant a person's wish, and 
thereby compel him to keep his vow; ilamnabiatu 
quoque votis, ynu will grant prayer, mid thereby 
hind the svfflliant to keep his vow, Yen;. ; gen. in 
pass., damnari voti or voto, to attain one's wish ; 
bis eiusdem voti damnata respublica, Liv. ; b, 
of a testator, to hind the heir, Hor. ; c, to sent- 
ence to endure or suffer ; damnare aeterna lum- 
ina nocte, ()v. ; d, to coiulemn a person on ac- 
count of, to Inculpate; aliquem summae stultitiae, 
Cic. ; e, to blame, disapprove of; nee inihi mens 
dubia est, queri tc tua numina damnent, Ov.; f, 
to assign, devote to (for destruction), Ilion, mini 
castaeque damnatum Minervao, Hor. II. to 
procure the. 4-ondnnnntioii of a person; hoc nno 
crimine ilium, Cic. 

damnose, ndv. (damnosus), iiifno-usly; h\h- 
ere, to the host's loss, Hor. 

damnosus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
snperl. (damnum), causing loss or dainagc, mis- 
rhieivns, ruinous, detrimental; helium snmptn- 
osum it damuosnm Romania,' Liv. 

damnum -i, n. (old form rtamprium, from 
root DAP, connected with daps, Or. AAU, 
whence Sanavri, or else from dare - the thing 

?iven as a punishment), loss, damage, injury (opp. 
uerum). I. Gen. contrahere, f'ueere, to suffer 
injury, Cic ; pati, lAv. ; damna caelestia hmae, 
the waning of the moon, Hor. ; uuueimis damnis 
afflci, Cic. ; dare damnum, to cavse loss, Cic ; 
damnum naturae, a natural defect, Liv. ; stom- 
achum suum damno Tulli (to the injury of) cx- 
plere, Cic II. Esp„ 1, loss in war', defeat; 



damna Romano accepta bello, Liv. ; 2, a fine, 
pecuniary mulct, Cic. 

Damocles -is, m. (AafioicAijs), a friend oj 
Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, who, on praisin\ 
the tyrant's prosperity, was placed by Dionysiu* 
at a sumptuous feast, and a sword was let down so 
as to hang by a hair over his head. 

Damon -onis, m. (Aap.wv), 1 a Pythagorean, 
fa mans for his friendship with Phiuiias; 2, a 
celebrated Athenian- musician, teacher -of Socrates. 

Danae -es, f. (Aararj), daughter of Acrisius, 
mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in a 
shower of gold when shut up in a tower by her 
father; hence, adj., Danaeius -a -um; heros, 
Perseus, Ov. 

Danaus -i, m. (Aarads), sen of Be.lv.s, brother 
of Acgyptus, and father of the fifty Dana'ides, the 
mythical founder of Argos; hence, 1, adj., 
Danaus -a -um, Greek, Argive; pi. Danat 
-Grum, m. the Greeks; 2, Danaides -um, f. the 
daughters of Danaus. 

Danubius (Danuvlus) -ii, m. the Danube 
(in the upper part of its course ; the lower part 
was called Later), 

dano, v. do. 

Daphne -es, f. (Aa</»Tj), 1, the daughter of the 
river-god Peneus, changed into a laurel tree ; 2, 
a grove and temple to Apollo and Diana near 
Antinchia in Syria. 

Daphnis -nidis, ace -nim and -nin (Aa<J>m), 

son. of Mercury, a Siriliaii shepherd, inventor of 
pastoral poetry, and the favourite of Pan. 

daphnon -onis, m. (5a<J>nuV), a grove of lau- 
rels, Mart. 

daps, dSpis, f. (root DAP, Gr. A All, whence 
Solvtu}, Sandin), lj a, sacrificial feast, religious 

banquet; ergo obligatam reudeJovidapem, Hor.; 

2, a' meal, feast, banquet; amor dapis, Hor. ; 
humana dape (with human flesh) pascere equos, 

Ov. ; plur., dapibus ejmlari opimis, Yerg. 

dapsilis -e (5a^iA>(5), sumptuous, plentiful, 
richly provided, Plant. 

Dardani -ornm, m. (Aap<5ai-oi), a people in 
Upper Mocsia, the modem Servia. 

Dardanus -i, m. (anpSawK), son of Jupiter 
and Electro of Arcadia, the mythical ancestor of 
the roi/al family of Troy ; hence 1, Dardanus 
-a -um, Trojan; subst,, Dardani -drum, 111. the, 
Trojans; 2, Dardanius -a -um, Trojan. ; subst., 
Dardania -ae, f. Troy; 3, Dardanidcs -ae, 
m. o descendant of Dardanus, Aeneas, Yerg. ; a 
Trojan, Verg. ; 4, Dardanis -Idis, f. a Trajttn 
woman, Ov. ; Creusa, Yerg. 

Dares -retis, m. (Adpi;?), a comjianian to 
Aeneas, a boxer. 

Daretis and Darius -i, m. (Aapm> s ). name 

of several Persian kings; 1, Darius Hystaspes, 

*<Ued 48f> B.C.; 2, son of Xerxes; 3, ' Darius 

Oehus or Nothus, died 404 n.c. ; 4, Darius 

Codoinannus, the. last. Persian king. 

datio -onis, f. (do), 1, a giving ; leguni, Cic.; 
2, the legal right of alienation, Liv. 

Datis -tidis, ace. -tim, m. (A0T19), a Mede, 
general of Darius Uystaspis, defeated with Arta- 
phernes at Marathon. 

dator -oris, m. (do), a giver; laetitiae, 
Bacchus, Verg. 

DauliS -idis, f. (AavAi'f), a city in Phocis ; 
adj., Daulias -Mis, f. Danlian; ales, Procne, 
Ov. ; Dauliades pnellae, Procne and Philomela, 
Verg. 

Daunus -i, m. a mythical king of Apulia, 
father (or ancestor) of Turnns, and father-in-law of 
Dlomedes; hence 1, Daunius-a -mu.Dounian; 



de' 



151 



Dec 



beros, Turnut, Verg. ; gens, tlte liutulians, of 
whom Turwus was king, Verg. ; ilea, Jutuma, 
sister of Turnus, Verg. ; Caniena, the llonum, 
muse, Hor. ; caedes, Roman, Hor. ; 2, Daunias 
-Mis, f. -dpifiia, Hor. 

de, prep., With abl., from. I. In space, from, 
autayfrovi, down from; de altera parte agri Se- 
quanos decedere juberet, Caes. ; de manibus 
etTu< r ere, Cic. ; de digito anulum detrahere, Cic 
II. "Transf., A- Of time, 1, i» the course of, 
during; de nocte venire, Cic. ; de die„i« the 
day-Lime, Hor. ; de niense Pecembri navigare, 
Cic. ; 2, from, immediately after ; statim de anc- 
tione venire, Cic; diem dc die diflevre. proferre 
to put off from day to day, Liv. B. 1, from, of 
the place from which a person comes ; copo.de 
via Latina, Cic; rabula dc foro, Cic; Libyca de 
rupe Leones, African lions, Ov. ; 2, to denote a 
body of persons out o/ which some one is taken ; 
hominem cortum misi de comitibus meis, Cic. ; 
esp. a, of the birth, origin, class to which a 
person belongs, homo de plebe, Cic. ; b, in the 
place of the partitive geuit., de duobns honestis 
utrum honestius, Cic; 3, out of, to express the 
material out of which a thing is made, de eodem 
oleo et opera exarare aliquid, Cic ; esp. a, ot 
the change of one thing to another, de templo 
carcerem lieri, Cic. ; b, from, of the property 
which bears the cost of anything, de meo, de 
tuo, etc., from my -property; de publico, at the 
public expense, Cic. ; C, of the part of the body 
which suffers punishment, de tergo satisfacere, 
Cic; 4, of the ground, cause of a thing, on ac- 
count of, gravi de causa, Cic ; qua de causa, on 
account of which, Cic ; 5, in accordance with, in 
obedience to some form or example; vix de mea 
sententia concessum est, Cic. ; 6, with relation 
to, concerning ; recte non credis de lmniero nulit- 
uin, Cic. ; 7, with adj., to form an. adverbial 
phrase, de improviso, unexpectedly, Cic. ; de in- 
tegro, anew, Cic 

dea -ae, f. (dat. and abl. pi., diis, dcis, deabus), 
a goddess, Cic ; triplices, the Parcae, Ov. ; deae 
liovem, the Muses, Ov. 

dealbo, 1. to whitewash, jdaster ; columnas, 
Cic 
deambulo, 1. to take a walk, Suet. 
dearmo, 1. to disarm; quibus dearmatus 
exercitus hostium, Liv. 

debacchor, 1. dep. to reive, rage furiously ; 
debacehantur ignes, Hor. 

debellator -oris, m. (debello), a conqueror; 
ferarum, Verg. 

debello, I. I. Intransit. to wage war to the 
end , finish a war : neqne priusquam debellavero 
absistam, Liv. ; proelio uno debellation est, 
Liv. II. Transit,, a, to fight out; rixa super 
mero debellata, Hor. ; b, to conquer, overcome ; 
superbos, Verg. 

debeo -iii -Hum, 2. (for dehibeo, from de and 
liabeo, to have from a person, i.e. to be bound to 
restore something). I. Lit. to owe, be indebted; 
alicui pecuniam, Cic; talenta CC, Cic; illi quib- 
ns debeo, my creditors, Cic; absol. ii qui debent, 
debtors, Cic; snbst., debitum -i, n.adebt; 
debitum alicui solvere, Cic. ; debito fraudari, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. to remain indebted ; quod 
praesenti tibt peste subnegaram, non tribueiain 
ct-rte, id absenti deberc non potui, Cic B. to 
owe, to be bound to repay ; 1, morally, with ace, 
alicui gratiara, Cic. ; with infin. to be bound, to 
be pledged ; homines, qui te et maxime debuer- 
unt et phirimum juvare potuerunt, Cic. ; partie. 
debltus -a -urn, bound, owed; debitae poenae, 
Cic. ; 2, to be bound or obliged by fate or circum- 
stances; tu, nisi ventis debes ludibrium, -if you 
are not bound to become, Hor. ; debitusdestinatns- 
que morti, Liv. ; vita quae fato debetur, Cic ; 3, 



to owe, to have to thank a person for, to be indebted 
to a pawn for; alicui benellcium, Cio. ; alicm 
vitam, Ov. 

debilis -c, adj. with compar. (orig. dehibilis, 
from dc and habilis), feeble, weak. A. Lit, 
corpus, Cic ; senex, Cic. ; ferrum, Verg. B. 
Transf. , mancam ac debllem praeturam f uturam 
suam, Cic. 

debilitas -atis, f. (debilis), weakness, feeble- . 
mess, debility. A. Lit., bonuin integritas corp- 
•oris, miserum debilitas, Cic. i linguae, Cic. . B. 
Transf., animi, Cic. 

debllitatio -onis, t (debilito), o weakening,- 
weakness ; animi, Cic." . 

debilito, 1. (debilis), to lume, weaken, cripple, 
disable. A. Lit., a, membra lapidibus, fust-, 
ibus, Cic. ; gen. in pass., esp. in partie. rerf., 
debilitatum corpus et contrucidatum, Cic. ; b, 
of things, quae (hiems) nunc oppositis debilitat 
puuiicibus mare Tyrrhenum, Hor. B. Transf. to 
enervate, break the force of, disable; audaciam 
debilito, sceleriresisto, Cic ; tribuuicios furores, 
Cic. ; debilitatum nietu, Cic. 

debitio -onis, f. (debeo), an owing, debt; 
pecuniae, Cic. 

debitor -oris, m. (debeo), one who owes, a- 
debtor. A. Lit, addicere Futidium creditorem 
debitoribus suis, Cic. B. Transf., mero.ede 
soluta non manet officio debitor ille tuo, Ov. ; 
vitae, o!«ni<7 liis life to, Ov. 
debitum -i, n. v. debeo. 
decanto, 1. I. Transit., 1, to sing, repeat in 
singing ; elegos, Hor. ; 2, to repeat over and mxsr 
again; pervulgata prtecepta.Cic II. Intransit., 
to leave off singing; sed jam decantaverant for- 
tasse, Cic. 

decedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. Lit., to go forth, 
go away, depart. 'A. Gen., a, ex nostra pro- 
vincia, Cic. ; decedere Italia, Sail. ; of animals, 
decedere e pastu, Verg. ; b, de via decedere, to 
depart from one's course, Cic; naves imprudentia 
aut tempestate paululum suo cursu decesserunt, 
Cic ; fig., se nulla cupiditate inductum de via 
decessisse, Cic ; alicui de via decedere, to mahe 
way for, as a sign of respect, Plaut. ; salutari, 
appeti, decedi, to have persons make way for you, 
Cic ; decedere canibus de via, to get out of the way 
of, Cic. ; to yield to, get out of the way for, cease on 
account of; serae decedere nocti, Verg. ; calori,' 
Verg.; c, milit. t. t., to march away, to evacuate; 
decedere atque exercitum deducere ex bis re- 
gionibus, Caes. ; pugna, Liv. ; d, of the magis- 
trate of a province, to leave on the expiration of 
his term ; de or ex or (simply) provincia, Cic. ; 
e, of actors, decedere de scena, Cic B. Esp., 
a, to depart from life, to die; decedere de vita, 
Cic. ; or absol., decedere, Cic. ; pater nobis de- 
cessit a. d. III. Cal. Dec, Cic. ; b, of things 
without life, (a) of water, to retire; quum decess- 
isse inde aquam nuntiatum esset, Liv. ; (#) of 
"the sun and moon, to set; sol deeedens, Verg. ; 
(y) of diseases, to cease; alteram quartaham 
Willi dixit decessisse, Cic II. Transf., A. Gen., 

a, to abandon properly; de possessione, Cic; 

b, to abandon a plan or opinion ; de sententia, 
Cic. ; c, to swerve from duty; de officio et digni- 
tate, Cic ; d, to yield place to ; with dat., viveie 
si recte nescis, decede pcrrtis, Hor. B. a, to de- 
crease; ut de causa periculi nihil decederet, Cic; 
b, to cease; postquain invidia deoesserat, Sail. 

Decclca (-la) -ae, f. (AeiceAeia), a town in 
Attica on the Boeotian border. 

decern (6«a), ten. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., 
an indefinite number; decern vitia, Hor. 

December -bris -bre, abl. -bri, (decern), 1, 
mensis December, the tenth month of the Soman 
year reckoned from March, December, Cic; aubst., 



dec 



152 



dec 



December -bris, m. December; 2, belonging to 
lite month December; kalendae, Cie. ; libertate 
Decembri utere, the licence of December, i.e., of 
the Saturnalia, llor. 

docempeda -ae, f. (decern and pes), a mea- 
suring rod ten feet in length, Cic 

decompedator -Oris, m. (deeempedn), one 
who uses the decempeda, a land surveyor ; nequiss- 
imus agri privati et publici deeempedator, Cic. 

decemplex -Icis (decern and plex, from 
plico), tin-fold, Nep. 

deccmpriml -Oram, 111. (often written in 
two words), Me ten chief men in the senate of a 
inunii'ipinm or colonia, Cic. 

decemscalmus -a -uni (decern and scalm- 
us), havina ten thou-ls or rowlocks; aetuariolum, 
Oic. w 

deoemvir" -i, m., gen. plur., decemviri 

-omm or -inn, 111. a college of ten magistrates at 
Rome; 1, decemviri legions scribendis, the 
magistrates who drew up the XII. Tables; 2, 
decemviri sacrorum or sacris faeiundis, the guar- 
dians of the Sibylline Hooks: 3, decemviri 
stlitibns (litibns) judicandis, a judicial body vho 
judged in, cases affecting freedom and citizenship ; 
4, decemviri agris metieiidis dividendiiique, co»i- 
■missioners for dividing public land. 

decemvlralis -e (decemvir), relating to the 
decemvirs ; annus, Cic. ; potestas, Liv. 

decemviratus -us, m. (decemvir), the office 
or dignity of a decemvir, Cic. 

deceits -entis, p. ad j. with compar. and superl. 
(decet), 1, seemly, becoming, decent; amictus, 
Ov. ; quid verum atque deeens euro atque rogo, 
Hor. ; 2, well-formed, handsome, comely; facies, 
forma, Ov. ; malae, Hor.; Venus, Hor. 

decentia -ne, f. (decet), wnw.'f'vss, decency; 
flguraruin venustas atque ordo, et at ita dicam, 
decentia, Cie. 

decerno •crSvi -cretum, 3. I, to deride. A. 
jvacefutly ; 1, qui sine multibus tt pedibus con- 
starc deum posse decreverunt, Cic. ; 2, a, (0 decide 
judiciidly; quod istealiteratqneedixisset decrev- 
isset,Cic; b .of the senate, etc., orof individual 
members of the senate, to decree, propose ; si hie 
ordo {tlis sejiate.) plnccre decreverat te ire in 
exsilium, obtenipeiaturum te esse dieis, Cic. ; 
pecunias ad teinplum momimentumque alicuius, 
Cic; D. Junius Silanus primus sententiani ro- 
gatus BUpplicium suincnuuin decreverat. Sail. ; 
senntti8 decrevit, darent operam consnles, ne 
quid respublica detriment! caperet, Sail. ; alicui 
triuniphuni.Cic; 3, to decide in a host He manner; 
decernerepugnam, Liv.; proelium, Cic. ; decern- 
ere annis, Cic. ; crastino die bene jnvantibus diis 
acie decernamtts, Liv. II, to resolve, form a 
resolution, settle; gen. with Infill., Caesar his 
de causis Rhennm transire decreverat, Cues. ; 
decreram cum eo familiariter vivere, Cic. (syn- 
cop. perf. forms, decrerim, decreram, decrero, 
decresset, decrcsse). 

decerpo -eerpsi -eerpttun, 3. A. Lit., to 
pluck off, pluck away ; arbore pomum, Ov. II. 
1, transf., humanus animus decerptus ex mente 
divina, a scion of, Cic; 2, to take away; ne 
quid jocus de gravitate decerperet, Cic. 

decertatio -onis, f. (decerto), a contest; 
harniu reruni omnium, Cic. 

decerto, 1. to contend, struggle vehemently, 
fight to a decision ; proeliis cum acerrimis nati- 
onibns, Cic. ; pugna, Caes. ; armis, Caes.; mecum 
contentione dieendi is locus, ubi Demosthenes 
et Ae.schines inter se decertare soliti sunt, Cic. ; 
qua de re jure decertari oporteret, annis non 
contendere, Cic. 
, decesslo -Onis, f. (decedo), a going away, 



departure (opp. aceessio). A, Gen., tua decessio, 
Cic B. Ksp. 1, the departure of a governor from, 
his province at the expiration of his year of 
Office, Cic; 2, lessening, diminution ; non enim 
tarn cumulus bonoruni jucundus esse potest 
quani molesta discessio, Cic. 

decessor -oris, m. (decedo), one who retires 
from an office, a predecessor ; successori decessor 
invidit, Cic. 

decessus -us, in. (decedo), a going away, 
departure, I. Gen., Dionysii, Nep. II. Ksp. 
A, the retirement of a magistrate from office; 
post M. Bruti decessum, Cic. B. 1, death ; 
amicorum, Cic. ; 2, of water, ebb ; aestus, Cues. 

decet -Ctllt, 2. (root DEC or DIC, whence 
also djgnus), it becomes, it Jit?. A. Lit., quein 
decet mulienris ornatus, Cic. ; quern tenues de- 
cnere togae nitidique capilli, Hor. B. Trojisf., 
it beseems, it is fitting, it suits; id enim niaxime 
quemque decet, quod est cuiusque niaxime 
suuin, Cic; et quod decet honestum est et 
quod honestum est decet, Cic. ; oratorem irasci 
minime decet, Cic. ; with infln., exemplis grand i- 
oribus decuit uti, Cic ; absol., quo majorein 
spem habeo nihil fore aliter ac deceat, Cic. 

Decetia -ae, f. a toivn of the Aedui on the 
Liger, now Decize. 

1. decido -cidi, 3. (de and cado), to fall 
down; absol. or with ex, ab, de, or abl. alum'. 
A. Lit., 1, of things, a, of water, si decidit 
imber, Hor. ; b, of tilings that fall naturally, 
poma, si inatura et cocta, decidunt, Cic ; tig., 
licta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt, 
Cic; o, of buildings, to faUdmon; celsae graviore 
casu decidunt turres, Hor.; 2, of persons, a, 
decidere equo, Caes. ; in praeceps, headlong, Ov.; 
tig., ex astris decidere, to fall from the height of 
happiness, Cic. ; b ? to die; scriptor abhinc annus 
centum qui decidit, Hor. B. Transf., to sink, 
fall ; postquam a spe societatis Prusiae decidit, 
Liv.; in banc fraudem tuam tain scelestam ac 
tarn nefarinm decidisti, Cic. 

2. decido -cidi -eisum, 3. (de and caedr)). A. 
Lit., to hew off, cut. off; anres, Tac. ; pennas, 
Hor. B. Transf., a, to cut short; post deeisa 
negotia, Hor. ; b, to decide or determine a dis- 
pute; quibus omnibus rebus actis atque decisis, 
Cic; per te, C. Aquili, decidit P. Quinetius quid 
liberis eiusdissolveret, Cic; sine mecum Flavio 
decidisti, Cic. 

decies (-iens), adv. (decern), ten times, Cic 
decima (decuma) -ae, f. (deeimus), a tenth 
port, tithe ; a, as an ottering to the gods, Oresti 
nuper prandia in seinitis decnmae nomine magno 
lionori fUerunt, Cic. ; b, a tax paid by land- 
owners in the provinces ; deeinia hordei, Cic. 

decimanus (deciimanus) -a -um (dec- 

inius, deeuinus). I, 1, relating to Hie provincial 
tax of a tenth; ager, the land paying a tenth, C\c; 
frnmentnm, a tithe of corn, Cic. ; subst., decim- 
anus -i, in. the farmer of nucha tax, Cic. ; niulier 
dcciiuana or simply decimana -ae, f. (sarcasl i- 
eally), the wife of a farmer of the taxes, Cic ; 2, 
milit. t. t., a, belonging to the tenth legion, Tac. ; 
b, belonging to the tenth cohort; porta, the gate. 
of a Roman camp farthest from the enemy, so 
called because the tenth cohorts of the legions 
were there stationed. II. Meton., large, im- 
mense ; acipenser, ap. Cic 

decimo (decumo), 1. (deeimus) to select 
every tenth man for punishment, to decimate, Suet. 

deeimus (deciimus) -a -uni. A. Lit., the 
tenth, Cie. ; adv., decimuin, for the, tenth time, 
Liv. B. Meton., large, vast, great ; unila, Ov. 
Subst., decimum -i, n. tenfold; ager efflcit or 
efl'ert cum decimo, Cic. 

decipio -cSpi -ceptum, 3. (de and capio). I. 



d-c 



153 



dec 



to client, cozen, deceive; noveii) homines honest- 
issinms, Cic ; exspectationes, Cic. II. Esp. of 
time, tu beguile ; sic tameu absumo deeipioque 
diem, Ov. 

decisio -cmis, f. (2. decido), a decision ; de- 
cisionem facere, Cic. 

Deems -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which, P. Decius Mus, 
father and son, devoted- tlteneselves to death in 
battle to save the state. 

declamatio -onis, f. (declamo), 1, loud, 
violent speaking, declamation ; non placet mill] 
declamatio (candidati)potius quam persalutatio, 
Cic. ; 2, practice in oratory ; quotidiana, Cic. 

declamatorius -a -um (declamator), relat- 
ing to declamation, declamatory, rhetorical, Cic. 

declamito, 1. (freii. of declamo), a, to speak 
loudly, declaim; Graece apud Cassium, Cic. ; b, 
to 2>ractise ; causas, to plead for the sake of 
practice, Cic. 

declamo, 1. 1, to speak loudly and violently ; 
contra me, to declaim against, Cic; 2, to practise 
speaking in public; a, intra r, sit., ad Huctum 
aiunt declamare solitum Demosthenem, Cic; 
b, transit., to declaim; quae mitai iste visus est 
ex alia oratione declamare, quam in alium reum 
connuentaretur, Cic. 

deolaratlO -onis, f. (declaro), a declaration, 
revealing; animi tui, Cic. 

declaro, 1. to make clear or distinct, reveal, 
declare. A. Lit., a, praesentiam saepe divi suam 
declarant, Cic. ; b, to declare, pronounce, pro- 
laim; aliquem consulem, Cic; Nuuia declaratus 
rex, Liv, B. transf., to explain, make clear, de- 
clare; a, volatibus avium res futuras deelarari, 
Cic; with infill., quod pluriniis locis perora- 
tiones nostrae voluisse nos atquc auimo con- 
tendisse declarant, Cic. ; with relat. sent., de- 
claravit quanti inc faccret, Cic ; absol., res 
dctfarat, Cic; b, to signify, mean; verba idem 
declarantia, synonyms, Cic 

declinatio -onis, f. (declino). A. Lit., a 
bending away, a turning aside; tuas petitiones 
parva quadam declinatione effugi, Cic. ; declin- 
atio atomi, Cic B. Transf., a, an avoiding, 
declining, turning away from; appetitio et de- 
clinatio naturalis, Cic. ; b, rhefc t. t., a digres- 
sion, declinatio brevis a proposito, Cic. 

declino, 1. to bend aside, turn away. I. Gen., 
A. Lit., a, transit., si quo ego inde agnien de- 
clinare voluissem, Liv. ; b, intransit., Cumanae 
cohortes declinavere paululum, Liv. ; declinare 
de via, Cic. ; esp. of atoms, declinare dixit 
atonnun perpaulum, Cic B. Transf., 1, transit., 
ut declinet a proposito deflectatque sententiam, 
Cic. ; 2, intransit., a, de statu suo, Cic. ; a reli- 
gione officii, Cic; b, of orators, writers, to di- 
yress ; aliquantum a proposito, Cic. II. to avoid, 
shun; 1, lit., urbem unam mihi amoenissimam, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., vitia, Cic. 

declivis -e (de and clivus), bent or inclined 
downwards, sloping; collis aequaliter declivis 
nil flumeii, Caes. ; ripa, Ov. Subst, declivc 
-is, n. a declivity; per declive se recipcrc, Caes. 

declivitas -iitis, r'. (declivis), a declivity, 
Caes. 

decoctor -oris, ni. (decoquo), a spendthrift, 
bankrupt, Cic 

decollo, 1. (de and collum), to behead, Suet. 

decolor -oris, discoloured. A. Lit., decolor 
ipse suo sanguine Khenus, Ov. B. Transf., de- 
teriorated; deterior paulatim ac decolor aetas, 
Verg. 

decoloratio -onis, f. (decoloro), a discolour- 

i*g, Qift ' . ' 



decoloro, 1. (decolor), to discolour: quod 
mare Dauuiae mm decoloravere caedes, Hor. 

decoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. I. to boil; olus, 
Hor. II. A. Lit., of metals, to melt away ; pars 
quarta argenti decocta erat, Liv.; tig..suavitas 
decocta, insipid, washy, Cic B. Transf., absol., 
to become bankrupt; tenesne inemoria piaetext- 
atum te decoxisse? Cic. 

decor -oris, m. (decct), 1, grace, elegance; 
mobilibus decor naturis dandus et annis, Hor.; 
2, beauty; te decor iste, quod optas,esse vetat,Ov. 

decore, adv. (decorus), 1, properly, fitly, 
becomingly ; ad rerum dignitatem aptc et quasi 
decore loqui, Cic. ; 2, beautifully, Cic poet. 

decoro, 1. (decus^. A. Lit., to adorn, de- 
corate; oppidum monumentis, Cic; templanovo 
saxo, Hor. B. Transf., to honour; quein populus 
Romanus singularibus honoribus decorasset, 
Cic. ; liaec omnia vitae decorabat dignitas et 
integritas, Cic. 

decorus -a -um (decor). A. fitting, seemly, 
becoming, decorous; with infin., utvix satis dec- 
orum videretur eum plurcs dies esse in Crassi 
Tusculano, Cic. ; with dat, color albus praecipue 
decorus deo est, Cic; with ad, ad omatum 
decorus, Cic. Subst, decorum -i, h. what 
is fitting, fitness, propriety; irpinov appellant 
hoc Graeci, nos dicamus sane decorum, Cic. 
B. beautiful, graceful, handsome, adorned; aedes, 
facies, Hor. ; anna, Sail. 

decrepitus -a -um, very old, infirm, de- 
crepit ; aetas, Cic. 

decresco -crevi -cretum, 3. to lessen, become 
gradually smaller, decrease; ostreis et eonchyliis 
omnibus contingerc, ut cum luna paritev cresc- 
ant pariterquc decrcscant, Cic ; decrescentia 
liuiiiina, Hor.; cornua decrcscuut, become smaller 
and smaller, disappear, Ov. ; tantum animorum 
nobis in dies decrescit, Liv. 

decretum :i, n. (decerno), 1, a resolve, re- 
solution, decree; consulis, Liv. ; senatus, Cic;. 
decreta facere, Cic. ; 2, philosoph. t. t. — 
Soyfia, doctrine, principle, Cic. 

decumanus, v. decimanus. 

decumates -Ivan (decinius), relating to 
tithes ; agri, lands on, which the tithe or land-tax 
was paid, Tac 

decumbo -cubui, 3. (dc and * cumbo), 1, to 
lie down, cither to sleep or at table, Cic ; 2, to 
fall, fall doivn, used of a vanquished gladiator, 
Cic. 

decuria -ae, f. (decern), 1, a body of ten men, 
Varr. ; 2, a class, division, esp. of jurors ; jud- 
icum, Cic ; scribarum, Cic. 

decuriatio -onis, f. (1. decurio), a dividing 
into decuriae, Cic. 

decuriatus -us, m. (1. decurio), a dividing 
into decuriae, Liv. 

1. decurio, 1. (decuria), to divide into bodies 
often; cquites decuriati, centuriati pedites con- 
jurabant, Liv. ; decuriare tribules, Cic 

2. decurio -onis, ni. (decuria), 1, the captain 
of a body often; decurio equltum Galloruni, 
Caes.; 2, a senator of a inunicipium orcolonia, 
Cic 

decurro -curri (more rarely -cinurri) -cur- 
sum, 3. I. Lit., to run down, hasten down; 
summa decurrit ab arce, Verg. : ad naves, Caes. ; 
decurro rus, Cic ; esp., 1, milit. t. t., to make an 
evolution towards a lower place; a, ill practice 
or at a festival, to manamvre, charge; pedites 
ordinatos instruendo et ducurrendo signa sequi 
et gervaro ordines docujt, Liv.; mos erat lustra- 
tionis sacro peracto decurrere excrcitum, Liv. ; 
b, to charge the enemy, to run down; ex Capi- 
foljo in Jinstem, Liv.; ex oinnibus partibus. 



dec 



154 



ded 



Gaes. ; 2, to run inn race, run towards the goal; 
nunc viileo calcein, nil quam quum .sit dccursum, 
niliil sit praeterea extimesceiiduin, Cic ; quasi 
decurso spatio, Cic. ; 3, of ships, to sail ; ego 
puto te bellissime cum quaestore Mescinio de- 
euisuium, Cic. ; 4, of water, to run down; 
mnnte decurrens vclut amnis, Hor. II. Transf., 
a, to hare, recourse to, take refuge in; decurreve 
ad istam cohortationem, Cic. ; ad miserus pieces, 
Hor.; b, to finish; prope acta jam actatc decur- 
saque, Cic. ; inceptum una decurrc laborem, 
Verj,'. ; q«''<e abs te brcviter de uvbe decursa 
sunt, treated, Cic. 

decursio -onis, f. (decurro), a military 
evolution or manoeuvre, charge, ap. Cic. 

decursus -us, m. (decurro). I. Lit., a 
running down; in rus decurro atque in decursu, 
Cic. ; esp., 1, milit. t. t.; a, a manoeuvre; alios 
decursu edere motus, Liv. ; b, a charge, attack ; 
subitus ex collibus decursus, Liv. ; 2, of water, 
running down; aquarum, Ov. II. Transf., the 
completion of an office; decursu lionorum, after 
filling every jntblic office, Cic. 

decurto, 1. to cut off, ahridge, curtail; 
transf., of discourse, mutila sentit quaedam et 
quasi decurtata, Cic. 

decilS -oris, n. (decet), that which adorns or 
bcantifies, an ornament, lwnour, glory, grace. 
I. Gen., A. Lit, a, of things, decora atque 
ornaments fanorum, Cic. ; hoininis decus ingen- 
iuin, Cic; civitatis dignitatem et decus sustiri- 
ere, Cic; b, of persons, pride, glory; imperii 
Romani decus ac lumen (of Pompey), Cic. B. 
Meton., esp. plur., decora, exploits in roar, Liv. ; 
renowned ancestors, Tac. II. Philosoph. t. t., 
moral dignity, virtue, Cic. 

decusso, 1. (decussis, the intersection of two 
lines), to divide ci-oss-wise in the shape of the 
letter X, Cic. 

decutio -cussi -cussuin, 3. (de and quotio). 

to shake down, shake off, throw down, knock off. 
I. Lit., papavcrum capita, baculo, Liv. ; rorem, 
^erg. ; turrea fulminibus, Liv. ; ariete decussi 
ruebant muri, Liv. II. Transf., cetera actatc 
.jam sunt decussa, laid aside, ap. Cic. 

dedecet -decilit, 2. it is unbecoming, un- 
suitable to, unfitting, gen. with a negative. A. 
Lit., neque te ministrum dedecet myrtus neque 
me, etc., Hor. B. Transf., it is unseemly, un- 
fitting; with infin., simulare non dedecet, Cic; 
falli, errare, labi, tain dedecet quam, etc., Cic; 
of persons, to dishonour ; Pomuonins Atticus 
Claudiorum imagines dedecere videbatnr, Tac. 

dedecor -oris, adj. unseemly, shameful, vile, 
f*all._ 

dedecoro, 1. (dedecus), to dishonour, bring 
sluime upon; sc llagitiis, Hall. ; et-urbis auetorit- 



atem et magistri, Cic. 



,:, 



dedecorus -a -Ulll, shameful, dishonourable, 
Tac_ 

dedecus -oris, n. shame, dislionovr, disgrace. 

1. Gen., A. Lit., alicni dedocori esse or fieri, to 
bring sluime upon, Cic. ; dedecus conciperc. Cic. 
B. Meton., the crime, cause of disgrace; nullo 
dedeoore se abstinerc, Cic ; dedecora militiae 
nlicui objiccre, dislionourable conduct in the field, 
Liv. II. Esp., philosoph. t. t., evil, vice (opp. 
deens), Cic 

dedicatio -onis, f. (dedico), ft consecration, 
dedication; aedis, Liv. 

dedioo, 1. to declare ; 1, natnrain eius, Lucr. ; 

2, to muke a return of property to the censor; 
haec praedin in consu, Cic. ; 2, to consecrate, dedi- 
cate a templr; triiiplum alicni, Cic; Junonem, to 
dedicate the temple. nf Juno, Cic. 

dedlgnor, 1. dep. to disdain, scorn, reject as 
Unworthy i dedignari myrltmn, Ov.; {fajniulcs 



maritos, as husbands, Verg. ; with intin., solll- 
citnre, Ov. 

dedisco -didlci, 3. to unlearn, forget ; numen 
disciplinamque populi Roinani, Caes. ; with 
in tin., eloquentia loqui paene dediscit, Cic 

dedlticiUS -a -urn (deditio), relating to 
capitulation '■ or surrender; plur., dediticii, the 
subjects of Rome, those who had surrendered un- 
conditionally or had no rights (opp. SOCii), Cars. 

deditio -onis (dedo), surrender, capitulation ; 
aliquem in deditionem accipere, Caes. ; in dedi- 
tionem venire, Liv. ; facere deditionem, Caes. : 
compellere in deditionem, Liv. ; deditionis con- 
ditio, Liv. ; agere de deditione, to treat, Caes. ; 
fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv. 

deditus -a -uni (p. adj. with com par. and 
BUperl.), given to, devoted to, :calous for, addicted 
to; Coepio nimis equestri ordini deditus, Cic. ; 
adolescentulus miriliee studiis deditns, Cic. ; 
nimis voluptatibus esse deditum, Cic. ; ventri 
atque soinno deditus, Sail. 

dedo -didi -ditnm, 3. I. Lit. to give up ; a, 
aliquem ad supplieium, Liv. ; aliquem telis 
militum, Cic. ; aliquem trucidatidum populo 
Romano, Liv.; b, of the conquered, to give up, 
surrender; esp., dedere se, or pass, as middle, 
dedi, to surrender; dedere se populo Romano, 
Caes.'; se in arbitrium ditionemque populi 
Romani, Liv. ; sc suaquc omnia Caesari, Caes. 
II. Transf. to give up to, dedicate, devote; aures 
suas poetis, Cic. ; hliam libidini Ap. Claudii, 
Cic. ; se, to devote oneself, give up oneself to ; se 
totum Catoni, Cic. ; se ci studio, Cic. ; dedita 
opera, designedly, intentionally, Cic. 

dedoceo, 2. to cause to unlearn, to mitcach ; 
aut docendus is est aut dedocendus, Cic ; virtus 
populum falsis dedoeet uti vocibns, teaches them 
not to use, Hor. 

dedoleo -dolui, 2. to make an end of griev- 
ing, Ov. 

dediico -du\i -ductuin, 3. I. to lead or bring 
down. A. Lit., 1, aliqneiu de rostris, Caes. ; 
ramos pondere suo, to weigh down, Ov. ; pectine 
crlnes, to comb down, Ov. ; 2, milit. t.t., to lead 
down; aciem in planum, Sail. ; 3, naut. t.t., a, 
to spread sail ; tota carbasa malo, Ov. ; b, to 
drag a ship down to the sea; naves in aquain, 
Liv. ; 4, of enchantment, to bring down; Jovem 
caelo, Ov. B. Transf.', to reduce; universitatem 
generis humani ad singulos, Cic II. to lexd 
away. A. Lit., 1, aliquem ex ca via, Cic. ; ali- 
quem in areem, Liv. ; deducere atonios de via, 
Cic; 2, milit. t.t. to remove; prnesidia de iis 
bppidis, Cic. ; legiones in hiberua. Caes. ; 3, to 
conduct, escort, accompany a person; a, to an 
audience, transfuga deductua (se) traditurum 
IH'bem promittir, Liv. ; b, to accompany a person 
from the. provinces to Jlome ; aliquem secuin Ro- 
maul, Liv. ; aliquem deducere ex ultimis genti- 
bus, Cic ; c, to take to a house as a guest ; aliquem 
ad Janitorem quemdam hospitein, Cic. ; d, to take 
under an escort or guard; deducere Lentulum 
in carcerem, Sail. ; e, to accompany (as a sign 
of respect) a statesman from his house to the forum 
or senate; haec ipsa sunt honorabilia assnrgi, 
deduci, reduci, Cic. ; magnam affert opinionem, 
magnam dignitatem quotidiana in dedueendo 
frequentia, Cic; aliquem ad forum, Cic ; f, U 
accompany a bride to the house of a bridegroom ', 
virginein ad aliquem, Liv. ; 4, to lead forth, 
conduct colonists, to found a colon)/; coloiliam, 
Cic; dedacere colonos lege Julia Capuain, Caes.; 
5, to bring before " court of hue ; aliquem ad hoo 
judicium, Cic. ; 0, of water, to bring; aquam 
AUmnam ad ntilitatcm ngri suburban!, Cic. ; 7, 
to dispossess ; exca possessione Antioclium, Liv.; 
esp. as legal 1. 1., moribns deducere ; In make an 
entry on land for (he sofa of IwMvg the right H 



ded 



155 



def 



possession tried ; aliquem de fumlo (with or with- 
out inoribus), Cic. B. Transf., a, to lead away 
from, turn away from; aliqueui ab humanitate, 
Oic; aliquem tie seutentia, Cic ; b, of things, 
to bring to ; deducero vein ad anna, Caes. ; c, to 
derive one's oriijin ; nomen ab Anco, ()v. C. a, 
to deduct, subtract ; centuin nuinmos, Cic. ; b,to 
spin; levi pullice liluin, Ov. ; transf., to compose 
(of writing), tenui deducta poemata lilo, Hor. 
deductio -onis, f. (deduco), a leading down. 

I. Gen., 1, the quartering or billeting of soldiers; 
in oppida uiilitum crudelis et misera dednetio, 
Cic.; 2, « conducting of colonists, a colonising ; 
quae erit in istos agios dcductio, Cic.; 3, a ficti- 
tious ejectment from disputed property, Cic. ; 4, 
a bringing down of water ; rivormu a fonte, Cic. 

II. a lessening, deduction, Cic. 

deductor -oris, in. (deduco), a client or 
friend wlio accompanies a candidate, ap. Cic. 

deductus -a -um, p. adj. with cqmpar. (de- 
duco), thin, fine, slender; carmen, light, unam- 
bitious, Verg. 

deerro 1. to wander from the right path, lose 
■one's way. A. Lit., in itinera, Cic. ; in navi- 
gandoa ceteris, Sail. B. Transf., magno opcre 
a vero lenge, Lucr. 

defatigatio -Gnis, f. (defatigo), weariness, 
fatigue; membroruin, Cic. ; hostiuni, Caes. 

defatigo, 1. to weary, fatigue, tire ; a, phy- 
sically, exercitum quotidianis itineribns, Caes. ; 
gen. in partic pass., defatigutis in vicein integri 
sucecdunt, Caes. ; b 7 mentally, te nee animi 
neque corporis labonbus defatigari, Cic. ; non 
niodo censores, sod etiain judices oinnes potest 
defatigare, Cic. 

defatiscor = defetiscor (q.v.). 

defectio -onis, f. (deficio), 1, a desertion, 
defection, rebellion ; a, lit.,defectio a populo Ro- 
mano, Cic; facere defeotionem, Liv.; sollicitare 
aliqnem ad defectioriem, Liv. ; socioruin, Cic. ; 
b, transf., a tota ratione defectio, Cic. ; 2, aceas- 
iujj, failure, vanishing,, disappearing ; a, virium, 
Cic. ; b, of light, defectiones solis et lunae, 
eclipses, Cic. ; c, weakness; defectio manifesto, 
Tac. 

defector -oris, m. (deficio), a rebel, deserter, 
Tac. 

1. defectus -a -um, partic. of deficio. 

2. defectus -us, in. (deficio), a failing, ceas- 
ing, disappearing ; a, aquarum, Liv. ; b, a fail- 
ing of light, eclipse ; lunae, Cic. 

defendo -fendi -fensum, 3. (de and * fendo). 
I. to repel, repulse, ward off, drive away ; defend- 
ere ictus ac repellere, Caes. ; niinios solis ardores 
(from the vines), Cic; defendere civiuiu pericula, 
Cic. ; proximus a teetis ignis defenditur aegre, 
Ov. II. to defend, protect, guard, watch over. 
A. rompublicani, Cic. ; se telo, Cic. ; vitam ab 
inimicorum audacia telisque, Cic. ; castra, 
Caes. ; senatum contm Autoniuin, Cic. B. In 
writing or speaking, to defend ; 1, a, acta ilia 
Caesaris, Oic. ; se adversus populum Romanuni, 
Oic. ; b, (a) to defend before a court of law, Sex. 
Rosclum parricitUi reum,Cic; defendere crimen, 
to defend a person on a charge of, etc. ; defendere 
crimen istius conjurationis, Cic. ; aliqueui de 
ambitu, on a charge of, Cic. ; aliquein in capitis 
perioulo, Cic. ; (ji) to maintain or assert in de- 
fence ; id laliorum oxempla se fecisse defendit, 
Cic; c, to maintain o proposition or statement; 
defendore sententiain, Cic. ; 2, transf. to sustain 
a part; vicem rhetoris atque poetae, Hor. ; 
defendere commune otticium censurae, Cic. 

dofencro, 1. to plunge into debt ; iliinissiones 
libertoruin ad defenerandas diripiendasque pro- 
vincias, Cic. 

dgfQnsjo -Onis, f, (<lu|'o!iilo), a defence; a, by 



arms, castrorum, Caes.; b, in speech or writing, 
defeusio miseroriiin.Cic; id ad suain defeusiou- 
em offerre, Cic; defensionem alicuius or alicuius 
rei suscipere, Cic. ; c, the speecli or writing itself, 
defence; defensionem causae suae scribere, Gic. 

defensito, 1. (freq. of defenso), to be wont to 
defend, defend frequently; causas, Cic; hace non 
acrius accusavit in sonectute quam antea defens- 
itaverat, Cic 

defenso, 1. (intens. of defendo), to protect, 
defend ; Italici, quorum virtute nioenia defensa- 
bantur, Sail. 

defensor .-oris. in. (defendo), 1, one who 
wards off or averts ; periculi, Cic; 2, a defender; 

a, in war, mums defensoribus nudatus, Caes. ; 

b, a defender, protector ; esp. in a court of law, 
adoptare sibi aliqueui defensorem sui juris, Cic; 
fieri defensorem alicuius, Cicl/ 

defcro -tttli -latum -ferre. I. to bring, tear, 
carry down. A. Gen. amoeno ex Helicone per- 
ennij -nde coronain, Lucr. ; esp., a, of rivers, 
te car i down with them; excipere dolia quae 
amnis Jefert, Liv. ; b, to change, remove to a 
lower place; aedes suas sub Veljam, Cic; acies 
in caiupos delata est, Liv. B. Esp. to carry 
down, bear down with violence; rui.na tota pro- 
lapsa acies in praeceps deferri, Liv. ; praeceps 
aerii specula de montis in undas deferor, Verg. 
IL to bear or bring from one place to another. 
A. Lit., 1, gen., a, ad ciusasjudicia jam facta 
domo, Cic ; commeatum in viam, Liv. ; alicui 
epistolam, Cic ; b, polit. t.t., deferre sitellam, 
de M. Octavio, to bring the balloting-box for voting, 
i.e. to havethe vote Uikenabout, etc, Cic. ; deferre 
ex aerario or in aerarium, to bring from or to the 
treasury (where the standards, decrees of the 
senate, public accounts, etc., wero.kept), Liv.; 
deferre r»tioncs, to give in the accounts, Cic ; 
deferre censuin Romam, to send the census-lists 
from the colonies to Rome, Liv.; 2, esp., a, to take 
away violently from one place to another, to drive, 
cemvj ; hie rumor est Asinium delatum (esse) 
vivum in mauus milituiu, Cic; b. as naut. t.t. 
to drive away, carry, aliqnem ex alto ignotas ad 
terras et in desertum litus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
to offer, hand over, refer; si quid petet, ultro 
defer, Hor. ; alicui praemium dignitatis, Cic. ; 
totins belli summa ad luiiic omnium voluntate 
defcrtur, Caes. ; rem ad amicos, Cic. ; rem ad 
senatum, Cic. ; 2, to communicate, report, tell; 
deferre falsum equitum numerum, Caes. ; vehe- 
menter te esse sollicitum multi ad nos quotidie 
deferunt, Cic; esp., a, as legal t.t., nomen ali- 
cuius, or alicuius rei, or nomen alicui, to inform 
against, to set a prosecution on foot; deferre nomen 
venefici cuiusdam, Cic. ; deferre crimen, to bring 
a charge, Cic. ; deferre aliquid, or de aliqua re, 
or de aliquo, to inform, Cic. ; deferre aliquem, to 
accuse, Tac. ; b, polit. t.t., ad aerarium deferre, 
to register; nomina judicum, Cic; aliquem in 
beneliciis ad aerarium deferre, or simply deferre 
aliquem, to recommend for reward, Cic. 

defervesco -fervi or -ferbul, 3. to eeaie 
boiling; of the heat of passion, to cease to rage, 
diminish in violence; quum adolescentiae cupid- 
itatos defervissent, Cic. 

defessus, v. defetiscor. 

def6tiscor (defatiscor) -fessus, 3. dep. 
to become tired, grow weary ; gen. found in perf. 
partic, defessus -a -um, weary, tired; defessus 
cultu agrorum, Cic. 

def ioio -feci -fectuin 3. (de and facio). I. 
Intiiinsit. or redox., l f to rebel, revolt; a, lit., 
ab rcge, Sail.; a republica, Cic; ad Poonos, to go 
over to the Carthaginians, Liv. ; b, transf., ab 
ninicitia, Cic; a virtute, Liv. ; 2, to fail, cease, 
become less ; a, of the sun or moon, to become 
cdiiisnl; gol <]eflcjen8, Cic; of fire, togocntt; Ubi 



def 



156 



def 



fgnom deficere extremuiu vidcbat, Vcrg. ; of 
water, to retire, fail ; utcumque exaestuat ant de- 
ficit mare, flows or ebbs, lav.; deflciunt lacsi car- 
mine fontta aquae, Ov. ; b, of number, quantity, 
etc. to become less, fail; non materia, non fru- 
mentui'i tletlcere poterat, Caes. ; nee vero levi- 
tatis Athcniensium exelnpla deticiunt, Cic; c, 
of time, to fail, to be too short for ; dies deliciat, 
si velim paupertatis causam defenderc, Cic; d, 
of strength, etc. to fail, become weak; ne vox 
viresquedeticerent, Cic. ; nisi meraoria defecerit, 
Cic; etsiinul lassitudine et procedente jam die 
fame etiam deticerc, Liv. ; aniino deficere, to lose 
heart, Caps., Cic. ;absol. tobe disheartened ; neuna 
plaga accepts, patres conscripti conciderent, ne 
deficorent, Cic. II. Transit., a. act., to abandon, 
leave, foil; quoniam me Leontina civitas atque 
legatio propter earn quam dixi causam deficit, 
Cic; ipsosres frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.; 
dolor me non deficit, Cic ; b, pass, defici. to be 
abandoned by, to be wanting in; defici a \i.ibns, 
Caes.; rnulierabundat audacia.consilioetrationc 
deficitur, Cic ; sanguine defecti artus, bloodless, 
Ov. _ 

defigo -fixi -fixum, 3. to fix or fasten into. I. 
Lit., sudes sub aqua, Caes. ; sicam in consulis 
corpore, Cic; tellure hastas, Verg. II. Transf., 
a ? to fix the eyes or the mind on something ; omnes 
vigilias, curas, cogitationes in reipublicae salute 
detigere, Cic; Libyaedefixitluininaregnis.Verg. ; 
incogitatione defixum esse, to be deep in thought, 
Cic ; b, to make fast; virtus est una altissimis 
radicibus defixa, Cic ; c, to fix in amazement, 
make motionless with astonishment, etc. ; defix- 
erat pavorcum admiratione Gallos, Liv.; partic, 
defixus, motionless with astonishment, fear, etc. ; 
quuin sllentio defixi stetissent, Liv. ; d, to im- 
print firmly; in oculis omnium sua furfa atque 
tlngitia defixurus sum, Cic. ; e, religious t.t. to 
declare, denounce; quae augur in.juste, nefasta, 
vitiosa, dira deflxerit, Cic ; f, of enchantment, 
to bind by a sjiell, to curse, regis Iolciacis animuin 
deflgero votis, Vcrg. 

deflngo -tinxi -Actum, 3. to form, mould, 
fashion, Hor. 

definio, 4. to inclose within limits, to bound. 
A. Lit. eius fundi extremam partem oleae di- 
recto ordine definiunt, Cic B. Transf., 1, to 
fix, define, determine; ii qui mala dolore, bona 
voluptate definiunt, Cic ; esp. a, logical t.t. to 
define, give a definition of; rein definire verbis, 
Cic. ; b, to fix; suum cuique locum, Caes. ; 2, 
to confine within limits, restrain ; non vagabitur 
oratio mea longius atque eis fere ipsis detinietur 
viris, etc., Cic. 

definite, adv. with superl. (defiuitus), defi- 
nitely, distinctly; lex Gellia et Cornelia quae 
definite ]>otestatem Fompcjo civitatem donandi 
dederat, Cic 

def initio -onis, f. (definio), a definition ; a, 
verborum omnium dellnitiones, Cic; b, a. fix- 
ing ; judieiorum aequorum, Cic. 

dof initlVUS -a -am (definio), relating to defi- 
nition or explanation, exjdanatory ; constitutio, 
Cic 

dof InitUS -a -um, p. adj. (from definio), defi- 
nite, distinct; constitutio, Cic ; causa, Cic. 

def io -fieri, pass, of deflcio, to fail ; num- 
quamne causa delict, cur victi pacto non stetis, 
Liv. ; lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore 
deflt, Vcrg. 

dcfiagrdtlo -onis, f. (deflagro), a burning, 
consuming by fire ; tcrrarum, Cic 

deflagro, 1. to be burnt down, to be consumed 
by fire. A. Lit, qunm curia Saliorum della- 
grasset, Cic. ; Phaethon ictu fulminis defla- 
gravit, Cic. ; part, pass., dcflagratus, consumed, 
CiC, B, Transf., t n cease burning, U) abate, cool ; 



interduin spes nnimnm subibat deflsgrare iras 
vestras, Liv. ; dcllagrante paulatim seditione, 
Tac 

deflecto -flexi -flexum, 3. I. Transit., A. 
Lit., a, to bend down; tenerum prono pondere 
corpus, Cat. ; b, to turn aside ; anines in alinni 
cursiun, Cic B. Transf., declinarc a proposito 
et deflectere sententiam, Cic II. Intransit., to 
turn aside, turn, away ; a, de via, Cic ; a verit- 
ate, Cic ; b, of speech, to digress; oratio redeat 
illuc undo deflexit, Cic. 

defleo -flevi -Actum, 2. 1, to bewail, weep fur ; 
impendentes casus inter sc, Cic ; alicuius mor- 
tem, Cic; 2, to speak with tears; haec ubi do- 
flevit, Verg. 

defloresco -florui, 3. A. Lit., to shed blos- 
som., to fade; idem (flos) quuin tenui carptus 
defloruit ungui, Cat. B. Transf., to lose bloom, 
wither; cum corporibus vigere et doflorescere 
animos, Liv.; meton., ainores mature et eeler- 
iter detlorescunt, Cic. 

defluo -fluxi, 3. I. to flow down. A, 
Lit., a, of water, etc, sudor a capite, Cic; 
humor saxis, Hor.; Hhenus in plures defluit 
partes, Caes. ; b, of things not liquid, to float ; 
dolia medio amni defluxerunt, Liv. ; to swim 
down; secundo amni, Verg. ; to soil down ; cum 
paucis navigiis secundo amni, Liv. B. Transf., 
to fall down, descend, glide down; 1, quuin ipsao 
defluebant coronae, Cic. ; of dress, hair, etc., to 
fall; pedes vestis defluxit ad imos, Verg,; rustic- 
ius tonso toga defluit, Hor. ; of horsemen, 
moribundus Romanus labentibus super corjuis 
armis ad terrain defluxit, Liv. ; 2, abstr., a, 
to be derived ; qnodsi inest in homiiium genere 
mens, fides, virtus, Concordia, undo haec in 
terras nisi a snperis dcfluerc potuerant, Cic; 
b, to fall to the lot of; niultaqiie merces tibi dc- 
lluat aequo ab Jove Neptunoque, Hor. ; c, to 
change to; a neeessariis artificiis ad elegantiora 
deflnximus, Cic. II. to flow away, disappear, he 
lost ; a, of hair, etc., exteinplo tristi meuicamine 
tactic deiiuxere comae, Ov. ; b, of persons, ex 
novem tribunis uuus me absente defluxit, luis 
■proved, false to me, Cic ; c, of time, to disappear, 
cease; ubi salutatio defluxit? Cic. 

defddlo -foui -fossum, 3. I. 1, to dig in, to 
cover with earth ; signum septem pedes altuni 
in terrain defodi, Liv. ; 2, to conceal by digging, 
bury; thesaurum sublecto, Cic; aliquem liumo, 
Ov. ; Menucia Vestalis viva defossa est. seelerato 
campo, Liv. II. to dig up; terrain, Hor. 

deformatio -onis, f. (deformo), a deforming, 
disfiguring. I. Lit., corporis et coloriB, Cic. 
II. Transf'., tantae majestatis, degradation, Liv. 

deformis -e, adj. with compar. and superl. 
(de ami forma), I. deformed, misshapen, ugly. 
A. Lit., a, of persons or animals, deformed 
in body; defonnem Datum esse, Cic; jumenta 
parva atque deformia, Caes.; b, of things, ugly, 
disgusting ; foeda omnia ac deformia visa, Liv.; 
aspectus deformis atque turpis, Cic. B. Transf., 
a, disgraced, disgraceful ; patriae solum deformis 
belli malis, Liv.; b, hateful, foul, shameful; 
ira, defonne malum, Ov. ; defurme est, foil, by 
intin., Cic. II. formless, shapeless; deformes 
animae, Ov. 

dcformitas -atis, f. (deformis), deformity, 
ugliness. I. Lit, corporis, Cic. ; oris, Tac. II. 
Transf., disgrace, dishonour ; illius fugae neglig- 
entiaeque deformitas, Cic. 

1. deformo, 1. to form, fashion, delineate; 
transf., ille quern supra defonnavi, whom. I have 
formerly described, Cic 

2. deformo, 1. (de and forma). A. Lit., to 
bring nut of form, and shape, disarrange ; a, of 
persons, deformatns corpore, deformed in body 



def 



167 



dej 



C!c. ; b, of things, parities nudos a'-, defonnatoa 
reliquit, Cic. B. Transf., to disgrace, dislionow ; 
victoriam cladc, Li v. ; homo viiiisdelurmatus, Cic. 

defraudo, 1. to deceive, defraud, cheat; 
allies, Cic. ; aliquem, with abl. of thing, aliqiiem 
lie andabata quidem, Cic. 

defrenatus -a -uni (de and freno), unbridled, 
unrestrained; cui'sus, Ov. 

defrico -frici'ii -friefitum, and -frictmn, 1. to 
■nth, i ah hiird ; denies, Ov. ; llg., urbem sale 
inulto, to satirise, lash, Hor. 

defringo -fregi -fractuni, 3. (de and frango), 
to break off; lamnm arboris, Cic; ferrutu ab 
hasta, Very. 

defriitum -i, n. (fordefervitum sc. niustum), 
must or new wine boiled down to a sinall portion 
of its original quantity, Verg. 

defugio -fugi, 3. I. Intransit., to flee away ; 
arinis abjectis totum sinistram cornu defugit, 
Liv. I|. Transit., to fly from, avoid, get out of 
the way of; proeliuin, Caes. ; .judicia, Cic. ; anct- 
oritatem consulatns sui, Cic. ; earn disputation- 
em, Cic. 

defimdo -fudi -fiisuin, 3. to pour down, pour 
out ; a, vinuni, Hor. ; anrea frilges Italiae pleno 
defnndit Copia cornu, Hor. ; b, to pour a libu,- 
tioit ; defunde nieiuni pateris, Hor. 

defungor -functus sum, 3. dep. to fin ish, com- 
plete, discharge, perform, be relieved of an office or 
duty; a, defunctus honoribus, having filled all 
public offices, Cic; periculis, Cic; proelio, bello, 
Liv. ; laboribns, Hor. ; defuuetum bello barbi- 
ton, discharged from the warfare, of lore, Hor.; 
b, vita defungi, to die, Verg.; absol., defuncta 
(est) virgo Vestalis Laelia, Tac 

degener -firis (de and genus). A. Lit., un- 
worthy of one's race, not genuine, degenerate ; 
Neoptolennis, unworthy of his father, Verg. ; hi 
jam degeneres sunt, mixti et Gallograeci vere, 
quod appellantur, Liv. B. Transf., morally 
degenerate, unworthy, ignoble; patriae non de- 
gener artis, Ov. ; non degener ad pericula, Tac. ; 
ceteroruni preces degeneres fuere ex metu, Tac. 

degenero, 1. (degener). I. Intransit., to be- 
come unlike one's race or kind, to fall off, degenerate. 
A. Lit., Macedones in Syros Parthos Aegyptios 
degenerarunt, Liv. ; poma degenerant sucos ob- 
lita priores, Verg. B. Transf., to degenerate mor- 
ally ; ab hac perenni contestataque virtute maj- 
oi'iiin, Cic; in Persariini mores, Liv. II. Transit., 

a, to cause to degenerate ; ni degeneratuin in aliis 
liuic quoque decori offecisset, Liv. ; b, to dis- 
honour, stain by degeneracy ; propuiquos, Prop. 

dego, degi, 3. (for deiga, from de and ago), 
to pass time ; omne tenipus aetatis sine molestia, 
Cic; vitam in egestate, Cic; in beatorum insulis 
inunortale aevum, Cic. ; senectain turpem, Hor.; 
absol., to live; ifle potens sui laetusque deget, 
Hor. 

degrandinat, impers. it ceases to hail, Ov, 

degravo, 1. A. Lit., to press down, oppress ; 
degravat Aetna caput, Ov. ; quae (duo millia) 
illalis ex transverso signis degravabant prope 
circumventum cornu, Liv. B. Transf., to weigh 
down, impede, distress; quia vulnus degravabat, 
Liv. 

degredior -gressus, 3. dep. (de and gradior), 
to step, march, walk down ; degressus ex arce, 
Liv.; monte, colle, Sail.; in aequum, Liv.; in 
canipuin, Liv.; ad pedes, to dismount, Liv. 

degusto, 1. A. Lit., to taste ; a, of persons, 
inde, Sail.; nee degustanti lotos amara fuit.Ov. ; 

b, of things, celeri flamina tigna trabesque (of 
fire), to lick, Lncr. ; of a weapon, to graze ; 
suinnmm vulnere corpus, Verg. B. Transf., to 
try, make a trial of; genus hoc exercitationuni, 



Cic; to soiind, eorum, apud quos aliquid agetaut 
erit acturus, meiites sensusque degustet, Cic 

dehino, adv. from here, hence, henceforth. 
I. Of space. A. Lit., Tac. B. Transf., of the 
order of succession, hereupon, Hor. II. Of time, 
a,, from this time, henceforth ; me L. Tarquinium 
Superbuni quacumque dehiuc vi possum exsecu- 
turuin, Liv.; b, thereupon; Euruni ad se Ze- 
phyrumque vocat ; dehiuc talia fatur, Verg. ; 
C, then; corresponding with primum, in the 
second place, Sail, (dehinc sometimes one syll- 
able, Verg. Ov.). 

dehisce- -hivi or-hli, 3. to ga}>e, open, split; 
terra dehiscat mini, may the earth swallow me up, 
Verg.; dehiscens intervallis hostium acies, Liv. 

dehonestamentum -i, n. (dehonesto), a 
blemish, deformity, disgrace ; corporis, Sail. ; 
amicitiarum, Tac. 

dehonesto, 1. todishonour, disgrace; famam, 
Tac, Liv. 

dehortor, 1. dep. to advise to the contrary, 
to dissuade; aliquem, Cic; aliquem ab aliqno, 
Sail. ; with inlin., plura scribere dehortatm - me 
fortuna, Sail. 

Deianira -ae, f. (Ari'idveipa), daughter of 
Oeneus, sister of Meleager, wife of Hercules, whose 
death slie caused by sending him a garment pois- 
oned with the blood of Nessus. 

deioio, v. dejicio. 

Deidamia -ae, f. (AniAaneia), daughter of 
Lycomedes, king in Sqjrus, mother of Pyrrhus by 
Achilles. 

dein, v. deinde. 

deinceps, adv. (dein and capio), one after 
another, successively ; a, in space ; ties deinceps 
tunes cum ingenti fragore prociderunt, Liv. ; b f 
in time; quos (ires iratres) video deinceps tri- 
bunos plebis per tiieiiniuin fore, Cic. ; c, in- 
order of succession; P. Sulpicius qui deinceps 
eum magistratum petiturus putabatur, Cic. ; 
corresponding to primus, primum est orflciuni 
lit se conservet in naturae statu, deinceps ut, 
etc, Cic (deinceps, dissyll., Hor., Sat. ii. 8.80). 

deinde and dein (for deim, from de and 
locat. sun", -im), adv. a, of space, thereupon, 
from that place, ; via tantuin interest perang- 
usta, deinde paulo latior pateseit campus, Liv. ; 
b, of time, tliereafter, thereupon, then, afterwards; 
Cimbrnm Gambrinium statim ad me vocavi, 
deinde item accessitur, etc., Cic. ; correspond- 
ing with primum, principio (initio), prius, inde, 
post, postremo, etc., Caesar primum suo, deinde 
omnium ex conspectu reinotis equis, Caes. ; with 
other adverbs, turn deinde, Liv. ; deinde postea, 
Cic, etc.; c, in narration or order of succession, 
then, next; ut a prima congressione maris ac 
feminae, deinde a progenie, etc., Cic; corre- 
sponding with primum, primum . . . deinde, 
Cic. (e; in classical poets, one syllable). 

DSIdnldes -ae, m. (ArjiWiS^), son of Deione 
and Apollo, i.e., Miletus. 

Deiopea -ae, f. (Arj'iontia), one of the nymphs 
of Ju no. 

Deiphobe -es, f. (Aj)i'<f>dp»|), daughter oj 
Glaucv.3. 

DeiphSbus -i, m. (Ajjtyoflc*), son of Priam, 
husbaml of Helen after the death of Paris. 

dejeotlo -5nis, f. (dejicio), a throwing down, 
legal t.t. ejectment from property, Cic. 

1. dejectus a -urn, p. adj. (from dejicio), 1, 
low-lying ; equi tatus noster dejectis locis con- 
stiterat, Ca'SSTJ' 2, dispirited, dejected, Verg. 

2. dejectus -us (dejicio), 1, a tlvrowing down, 
hurling down ; arborum, Liv. ; 2, declivity, de- 
pression ; collis, Caes. 



ttej 



168 



dei 



dejero — dqjuro (q.v.). 

dejicio -jeei -jectnni, o. (de and jacio), to 
throne, cast, hurl down, I. Lit A. Gen., aliquein 
do polite in Tibcrim, Cic ; libiiiui in mare, Cie. 
E. Esp. 1, se dejicerc, or pass, dejici, to rusk 
down ; veiiti ab utriusque terrae praealtis numt- 
ibus subitl no procellosi se dejiciunt, Liv.; 2, to 
throw In the ground; of trees, to fell, Liv. ; of 
statues, to throw down, Cic. ; of buildings, to 
pull down ; turrim, Caes. ; 3, to throw lots into 
an urn ; qiuun dejeeta in id sors essct, Liv. ; 4, 
niilit. t.t. to drive from a position. ; nostros loco, 
Caes.; 5, pass., dejici, naut. t.t. to br driven away ; 
ad inferiorem partem iiisulae, Caes. ; 6, of tlio 
liead, eyes, &c. to let fall; de.iecto in pectora 
mciito, Ov. ; vultuni, Vcrg.J 7, legal t.t. to eject, 
dispossess : aratores, Cic; nliqncin de possessionc 
fundi, Cic; 8, to kill; panels dejectis, Caes. 
II. Transf., 1 nliqueill de sententia, make a 
person change his opinion, Cic. ; 2, a, aliquein 
de honore, to deprive, Cic. ; b, uxore dejecta, 
carried off, Tac. 

Dejotarus -i, m. one of the tetrarchs of Calat- 
la, defended by Cicero on a charge of murder. 

dejungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to separate, sever, 
Tac._ 

dejuro, 1. to swear solemnly, attest by an oath ; 
verbis conceptis dejurare ausim neminem in- 
iniicuin tantum molestiae niihi tradidissc, Nep. 

delabor -lapsus sum, 8. dep. L to glide 
down, fall down, sink; a, signuni de caelo de- 
lapsuui, Cic. ; ex equo, Liv. ; b, of a deity, to 
come down from heaven; caelo, Verg., Liv. ; 
llliquia de caelo delapsus, a person who comes unex- 
pectedly to one's assistance, Cic. ; c, of liquids, to 
flow down ; ex utraque parte tecti aqua delab- 
itur, Cic. II. to glide away, hence 1, to proceed. 
from, be derived from ; ilia sunt ab his dclapsa 
plura genera (sc. vocuin), Cic. ; 2, to fall away 
from the right path, to fall away, to fall, to come 
to; a, in eas difticultates, ut etc., Cic. ; in hoc 
vitiuin scurrile, Tac. ; b, to digress; neseio quo 
pactoad praecipiendi rotionem delapsa est oratio 
mea, Cic. ; a sapientium familiaritatibus ad vulg- 
ares ainicitias oratio nostra dclabitur, Cic; 3, 
to fall into unawares; medios in liostea, Verg. 

delamcntor, 1. dep. to bewail, lament; nat- 
am adeinptam, Ov. 

delasso, 1. to weary, tire out ; cetera de 
gencre hoc loquacem delassare valent Fabium, 
Hon 

delatio -onis, f. (defero), an information 
against anyone, accusation, denunciation; no- 
minis, Cic. ; absol., dare alicui delationem, Cic. 

delator -oris, m. (defero), an accuser, in- 
former, spy; criininuin auctores delatoresqne, 
Liv. ; niajestatis, of high treason, Tac. 

delebllis -n (dcleo), that can be obliterated 
or destroyed ; liber, Mart. 

delectabilis -e, adj. with eompar. (delecto), 
pleasant, delight] id, agreeable; cibus, Tac. 

delectamentum -i, n. (delecto), delight, 

pleasure, amusement '; inania ista sunt delectam- 
cnta puerornni, Cic. 

delectatio -onis, f. (delecto), delight, pleas- 
ure ; mira quaednni in cognoscendo suavitjis et 
delectatio, Cic. ; magnam delectationom habere. 
Cic_ 

delecto, 1. (intens. of delicio), to delight, cause 
pleasure or enjoyment ; a. act., Ista me sapientiae 
fama delectat, Cic ; with abl. , of the cause, ant 
libris me delecto ant ductus numero, Cic. ; with 
in and the abl., ille me delectat in omiii gencre, 
Cic. ; with Infill., quam delectahat enni defec- 
tiones solis ct lnnae multo auto nobis prae- 
diccre, Cic. ; b, pass., to take delight in ; with 
abl., jumentis, Caes. ; liliola tua te delectari 



laetor, Cic. ; crhninibns itiferendis, Cic. ; with 
in and the abl., in hac innni prudentiae latide 
delector, Cic. ; in hoc adniodum delector, Cic ; 
in hoc adniodum delector quod, etc., Cic. ; with 
iulin., llor. 

delectus -us, m. (l. deligo). I. Gen. a 
choosing, choice, selection; verborum, a choice of 
language, Cic. ; sine ullo delectn, without any 
choice, Cic II. Milit. t.t., a -levy, recruiting of 
troops, conscription ; deleetum habere, Cic. ; con- 
fieeiv, Liv. ; delectus provincialis, a levy in the 
provinces, Vic. 

delegatio -onis, f. (2. deligo), an assignment 
of a debt ; a mancipo annua die, Cic. 

delegO, 1, to transfer, girc in charge, to en- 
trust, assign. I. Gen., ad senatum, Liv.; in- 
fantem nutricibus, Tac ; hunc labocem alteri, 
ap. Cic. II. Esp. 1, mercantile t.t. to assign a 
debt or to nominate some one else to pay a debt ; 
alicui, Cic. ; 2, to impute, attribute, ascribe a 
merit or a fault to any one ; crimen alicui, Cic; 
servati consulis decus ad servuin, Liv. 

delenimentum -i, n. (delenio), anything 
that coaxes, soothes, caresses, a. charm, blandish- 
ment; delenimentum aniniis Volani agri divisi- 
onem obici, Liv. 

delenio, 4. to soothe, win, coa.r, caress, charm;' 
mulierem non nuptialibus donis, sed tiliorum 
funcribus, Cic. ; aliquein blnnditiis voluptatum, 
Cic ; aninios, Cic. 

delenitor -Oris, m. (delenio), one who soothes, 
cajoles, wins oi<er ; cuius (judicis) delenitor esso 
debet orator, Cic. 

deleo -levi -letuni, 2. to destroy, annihilate, 
abolish. I. Of things, A. Gen., urbes, Liv. ; 
Volscum nomen, Liv. ; bella, to bring to an end, 
Cic. ; leges, Cic. ; improbitatem, Cic. ; ignomiiiiam, 
Liv. ii. Esp. to efface or erase something en~ 
graved or written, Cic ; digito legata, Cic. II. 
Of persons, to destroy, annihilate; paenehostes,* 
Caes. ; senatum, Cic ; rarely of a single person, 
C. Curioiiem delere voluisti, Cic. ; liostes, Caes. 

dcletrix -trlcis (deleo), that which destroys ; 
sica paeiia deletrix huius imperii, Cic. 

Delia, v. Delos. 

deliberabundus -a -urn (delibero), care- 
fully considering, deliberating ; consules vclitt 
deliberabundi capita confernnt, Liv. 

deliberatio -onis, f. (delibero), considera-. 
tion, consultation, deliberation ; consilii capi- 
nudi, Cic ; res habet deliberationem, admits if, 
cadit in deliberationem, Cic. ; habere delibera- 
tiones de aliqua re, Cic. 

deliberativus -a -urn (delibero), relating to 
consideration or deliberatio)/ ; genus, Cie. 

dellberator -oris, m. (delibero), one who de- 
liberates, Cic 

deliberatus a -um, p. adj. (from delibero), 
decided, resolved, certain, Cic. 

delibero, 1. (de and libra), to weigh care- 
fully, consider, consult about. I. Lit., maxima 
de re, Cic. ; deliberare de Corintho cum imper- 
atore Romano, Liv. ; with rel. clause, utri pot- 
isalmnm consnlendum sit, deliberetur, Cic. II. 
Transf. A. to ask advice, esp. of an oracle, 
Nep. B. to resolve, decide as a consequence of 
deliberation, ; quod iste certe statuerat ac de- 
liberaverat, non adesse, Cic. 

delibo, 1. to take away a little, to taste. I. 
Lit., sol humoris parvam dclibet partem, Lncr. ; 
jjscula, Verg. ; tig., ut omnes nndique llosculos 
carpnm et delibem, Cic II. Transf. A. Gen., 
to take from, to derive, or to enjoy; ex nniversa 
niente divina delibatos animos habemus, Cic ; 
novum honorem, Liv. B. Esp., to diminish, 
take away ; aliquid de gloria sua, Cic. 



del 



150 



dem 



delibro 1. (do ami liber), to bark, peel the 
bark off, Cues. 

dolibuo -ui -utum, 3. (dc and root LIB, Gr. 
AI1I, whence Autos, oXei'</xi»). to besmear, anoint; 
niultis luedicamentis dclibutjs, Cic. ; delibutus 
capillns, Cic. 

delicate, adv. with compar. (delicatus), 
luxuriously ; delicate ac molliter vivere, Cic. 

delicatus -a -urn (adj. with compar. and 
supcrl. (dcliciae). I. delightful, charming, allur- 
ing, luxurious; comiLatus, convivium, voluptas, 
Cic. II. soft, tender, delicate, voluptuous, luxur- 
ious. A. Lit, adolescens, Cic. ; capella, Cat. ; 
}iueri, jnventus, Cic. B. Transf., fastidious, 
dainty, nice; est fastidii delicatissimi, Cic. 

dcliciae -arum, f. (delicio, to allure), pleasure, 
delight, charm, luxury. A. Lit., multarum delic- 
iarum comes est extrema saltatio, Cic. ; ecce 
aliae deliciae (pretensions) equitum vixferendae, 
Cic. B. Transf. the beloved object, darling, 
sweetheart; amores ac deliciae tuae Roseius, Cic. 

deliciolae -arum, f. (dim. of deliciae), a 
darling ; Tullia, deliciolae nostrae, Cic. 

delictum -i, n. (delinquo), a fault, crime, de- 
linquency ; quo delictum majus est, eo poena 
est tardior, Cic. 

1. deligo -legi -lectuin, 3. (de and lego), 1, 
to pick, pluck; tcnui primam uugue rosam, Ov. ; 
2 ; to choose, select; a, magistrates, consulem, 
Cic. ; aliquem potissinmin generum, Cic. ; ad eas 
res oonficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. Caes: ; opti- 
mum quemque, Cic. ; locum castris, Caes. ; b, to 
2)ick out, send away ; longaevos senes ac fessas 
aequore mattes, Verg. 

2. deligo, 1. to b hut, fasten, bind up; navi- 
cular ad ripain, Caes. ; aljquem ad palum, Cic. 

delino (-levi) -litum, 3. to wipe off ; ex qua 
tautmn tectorium vetus delitum sit, Cic. 

delinquo -lfqui -lictum, 3. to fail, be want- 
ing, esp. to fail in duly, commit a crime; hac 
qiioque in re euui deliquisse, Cic. ; ut nihil ad- 
huc a me delictum puteni, Cic. ; si quid deli- 
quero, Cic.'; (miles) in bello propter hostiinn 
inctuin deliquerat, Cic. 

deliquesco -lieiii, 3. to melt, dissolve ; xibi 
delicuit nondum prior (nix) altera venlt, Ov. ; 
transf., to vanish, . disappear; nee alacritate 
futili gestiens deliquescat, Cic. 

doliratio -onis, f. (deliro), folly, silliness, 
dotage ; ista senilis stultitia, quae deliratio ap- 
pellari solet, Cic. 

deliro, 1. (de and lira, lit. to draw the furrow 
awry in ploughing), to be crazy, mad, insane, to 
rave; delirare et mente captum esse, Cic; quid- 
quid delirant reges plectuntur Achivi, the people 
suffer for the mad acts of their kings, Hor. 

delirus -a -urn, adj. with compar. (deliro), 
silly, crazy, doting ; seuex, Cic. 

dclitesco -tui, 3. (de and latesco), to con- 
ceal oneself, lurk, lie hid. A. Lit., hostes noctu 
in silvis delituerant, Caes. ; in ulva, Verg. ; in 
cubilibus, Cic. B. Transf., to take refuge; in 
alicuius auctoritate, Cic. ; in frigida calumnia, 
Cic. ; sub tribnnicia umbra, Liv. 

delitlgo, 1. to scold furiously, Hor. 

Delius, v. Delos. 

Dolos -i, f. (AtjAo?), an island of the Aegean 
Sea, one of the Cyclades, and the birthplace of 
Apollo and Diana; hence 1, adj., Delius -a 
-am, Delian; folia, the laurel, Hor.; tellus, 
Delos, Ov. ; subst., Delius -ii, m. Apollo, Ov.; 
Delia -ae, f. Diana, Verg. ; Delium -ii, n. re 
place on the Boeotian coast where stood a temple 
of Apollo; 2. Deliaous -a -urn, Delian ; vasa, 



Cic ; gallinarius lieliacus (tlie people of Delium 
being celebrated for their brazen vessels and for 
their poultry), Cic. 

Delphi -drum, m. (AeA(/>oi), a town of Phocis, 
celebrated for its oracle of Apollo; hence adj., 
Delphicus -a -um, Delphian, and subst., 
Dslphicus -i, m. Apollo, Ov. 

delphinus -i and delphin -inis, m. (Uxfyk), 
l,a dolphin, Cic; 2, a constellation so called, Ov. ■ 

Deltoton -i, n, (A€AtwtoV), the constellation 
called the Triangle, Cic. poet. . ... 

delubrum -i, n. (de and luo), a temple, 
shrine, as a place for expiation ; noctu ex de- 
lubro audita vox, Liv. ; gen. in plur., shrines, 
holy2'laccs; deorum templa ac delubra, Cic. 

deludo -lusi -liisum, 3. to mock, cheat, delude, 
deceive ; corvum hiantem, Hor.; et quae sopitos 
deludunt somnia sensus, Verg. ; absol., ali-" 
quauto lentius agere atque dcludere, Cic. 

delumbis -e (de and lumbus), nerveless, 
weak, Pers. 

delumbo, 1. to make weak and nerveless; 
sententias, Cic. 

demadesco -madiii, 3. to become wet, Ov. 

demando, 1. to entrust, give in charge;' 
pueros curae alicuius, Liv. 

Demaratus -i, m. (A^apa-ros), a Corinthian 
exile, fatlicr of Targuinus Priscus. 

demons -mentis, adj., with compar. and 
superl., out of one's mind; insane, foolish, Sense- 
less ; a, of persons, summos viros desipere, 
delirare, dementes esse dicebas, Cic. ; subst., 
in tranquillo tempostatem adversam optare 
dementis est, Cic. ; b, transf., of things, de- 
mentissiinum consilium, Cic. ; ininae, Hor. 

dementer, adv. (demens), foolisMy, sense- \ 
lessly, madly, Cic. 

dementia -ae, f. (demens), foolisltncss, mad- 
ness, insanity, Cic. 

dementlo, 4. (demens), to be mad, insane, to . 
rave, Lucr. _- 

demereo and dep. demereor, 2. to deservi 
well of, to oblige ; demerendi beneticio tarn pot- 
entem populum occasio, Liv. ; servos, Ov. 

demergo -mei-si -mersum, 3. A. Lit., to J 

sink, to plun/je into, dip under; 1, in water, a, 
C. Marius in palude demersus, Cic. ; se demerg- 
ere, Cic ; b, of ships, to sink; tredecim capere 
naves, decern demergere, Liv.; 2, dapes avidam 
in alVum, to swallow, Ov. ; plebs m fossas cloac- 
asque exhauriendas demersa, Liv. B. Transf., 
est enim animus caelestis ex altissimo domicilio 
depressus et quasi demersus in terrain, Cic. ; 
plebs aere alieno demersa, over head and ears in' 
debt, Liv. 

demetior -mensus sum, 4. dep. to measure,, 
measure out ; ut verba verbis quasi deraensa et 
paria respondeant, Cic. 

demeto -messui -messum, 3. to mow, reap, 
cut down, or off; fructus, Cic; fruiuentum, Liv.; 
huic eiisc caput, Ov. ; agios, Cic 
demetor, dep. 1. to measure off, Cic. 
demlgratio -onis, f. (demigro), emigration, 
Nep L y 

demigro, 1. 1, to migrate, emigrate, remove 
or depart from a place; ex his aedificiis, Caes. ;■ 
ox agris in urbem, Liv. ; in alia loca, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., hinc demigrare, to die, Cic ; de meo- 
statu demigro, Cic 

deminuo -minui -mlnutum, 3. A. Lit., 1, 
to diminish, make less, lessen ; militum vires- 
inopia frumenti deminuerat, Caes. ; aliquid de 
tempore, Cic. ; 2, to alienate, praedia, Cic B. 
Transf., a, gen., aliquid de jure, de.libertate, 



deni 



10(1 



denl 



Cic. ; b, esp. legal t. t., capite se demimiere <>r 
capite dentinui, to suffer a loss of civil rights, Cie. 

deminutio -onis, f. (deminuo), a lessening, 
diminution. A. Lit., 1. gen., aecretio et dem- 
inutio lmiiinis, Cic. ; deminutio vectigalium, 
Cie. ; 2 f legal 1. 1., right of alienation ; utiquc 
Fecennme Hispalae datio deminutio esset, Liv. 
B. Transf., 1, gen., deminutio sui, loss of honour, 
dignity, etc., Tac.: 2, loss of civil rights; dem- 
inutio libertatis, Cic 

demiror, 1. >lep. to wonder at, tii wonder; 
quod demiror, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nihil 
te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, Cic. 

demisse, adv., with compar, and superl. 
(demissus). A. Lit., low, near the ground ; vol- 
are, Ov. B. Transf., modestly, lowly, humbly, ab- 
jectly, meanly ; suppliciter demisseque respond- 
ere, Cic. ; humiliter demisseque seutire, Cic. 

demlssio -onis, f. (demitto). A. Act., a 
sinking, lowering ; storearum, Caes. B. Pass. 
dejection; animi, Cic. 

demissus -a -urn, p. adj. (demitto). I. Lit., 
a, hanging down ; aures, Vcrg. ; b, sunken, low- 
lying; loca demissa ac palustria, Caes. II. 
Transf., a, feeble, weak; demissa voce loqni, 
Verg. ; b, unassuming, mwlest ; senno demissus 
atque humilis, Cic. ; c, down-cast, dispirited ; 
animus, Cic; d, poor, needy; qui demissi in 
obscuro vitam liabent, Sail. 

demitigo, 1. to make mild, soften ; pass., to he- 
comemild ; nosmetipsiquotidiedemitigamur, Cic. 

demitto -inisi -missum, 3. to send down, 
to lower, let down, cast, thrust, throw, put down, 
muse to hang down. I. Lit., A. Gen., se mani- 
bua, to let oneself down by the hands, Liv. ; per 
maims, Caes. ; aliquem per tegnlas, Cic ; 
equum in fluincn, Cic. ; imbrem caelo, Verg. , 
caput ad fornicem, to bend, Cic ; vuittis, oculos, 
to lit fall, lower, Ov. ; aures, Hor. ; fasces, to 
lower, Cic. B. Ksp., 1, demittere agmen, exer- 
cituin, etc. ; to lead an army to a loicer position ; 
agmen in inferiorem campum, Liv. ; demittere 
se, to march down, Caes. ; 2. naut. 1. 1., demittere 
antennas, to Irrwer sail, Sail. ; 3, navem demit- 
tere, to sail down (a river), Liv. ; 4, se demit- 
tere or demitti, to flow down. ; quo se demittere 
rivi assuerant phwialis aquae, Ov. ; 5, to let the 
hair or beard grow long ; d«missi capllli, Ov. ; 
6, of dress, to let droop; usque ad talos demissa 
purpura, Cic. ; tunica demissa, hanging down, 
■not girt up, Hor. ; 7, to let fall to the ground ; 
sublicas in terrain, Caes. ; 8, to plunge into (of 
a weapon) ; ferram in pectus, Tac. ; 9, of places, 
to let down, to cause to slorie down ; molli jugum 
demittere clivo, Verg. II. Transf., a, seanimo, 
Caes., aiiimum, Cic, mentcm, Verg., to lose heart, 
become discouraged ; allquid in pectus, to impress 
on one's mind, Liv. ; se in causam, to engage in, 
Cic ; b, deinitti ab aliquo, to be descended from ; 
ubaito demissum genus Aencae, Verg. 

demiurgUS -i, m. (Snuiovpyos), the. highest 
magistrate in certain (,'reek states, Liv. 

demo, dcinpsi, demptum, 3. (for deimo, from 
de and euio), to tote away. A. 1, lit., Publicola 
secures de fascibus demi jussit, Cic ; harlwim, 
Cie. ; 2. transf., sollicitudiiiem, Cio. B. Esp., 
to take away from a whole, to subtract, make 
leu; 1, lit., partem solido de die, Hor.; de 
capite me<linina DC, Cic; 2, transf., plus ad- 
dltuin ad memoriam nominis nostri, qunm 
demptum de fortuna. 

Democritus -i, m. (Aijmokpitos), a cele- 
brated philosopher ofAMera, authm- of the Atomic 
theory; hence adj., Democrit^US (Ins) -a -urn, 
Democritean. ; subst., a, Democritea -Sruin, 
u. the doctrines of Demr>critus, Cic ; b, Dem- 
ficritii -orum, in. the disciples of Democritus, Cic. 



demolior, ■(. dep. A. Lit., to throw doitfil, 
to destroy utterly, demolish ; doimun, parietem, 
statuas, Cic B. Transf., demolientes Bac- 
chanalia, Liv. 

demolltio -Onis, f. (demolior), a tearing 
down, demolition ; statuarum, Cic. 
demonstratio -onis, f. (demonstro). I. 

Lit., c< pointing out (by the hand, by gesture-, 
etc.), Cic. II. Transf. A. Gen., a representa- 
tion, description, Cic B. Esp., rhet. t. t., a 

laudatory style of oratory, Cic. 

demonstrativus -a -urn (demonstro) = 
(irtieiKTiKos, laudatory or declamatory ; genus 
orationis, Cic. 

demonstrator -Oris, m. (demonstro), oik 
U'ho points out or indicates; Simonides dicitur 
demonstrator uniuscuiusque sepeliendi fuisse, 
Cic. 

demonstro, 1. to show, indicate, point out. 
I. With the band or by gesture, flgiiram digito, 
Cic ; itinera, Cic. II. to point out by signs or 
words, indicate, describe, show. A. Gen., de- 
monstrate rem, Cic; demonstravi lioec Caecilio, 
Cic; ad ea castra quae supra demonstravimiiH 
contendit, Caes.; with ace and intin., mihi 
Fabiua demonstiaviT te id cogitare facere, Cic ; 
with rel. sent., quanta praedae faciendae facul- 
tas daretur, demonstraverunt, Caes.; esp. in 
parenthetic sentences, nt supra or ante demon- 
stravimus, ut denionstratuni est, Caes. B. Esp., 
1, legal t. t., demonstrare fines, to shou) a pur- 
chaser the extent of property and hand it orer to 
him, Cic; 2 f to express, signify; verba propric 
demoustraiitia ea quae signiiicari ac declarari 
voleinus, Cic. 

demdrior -mortuus, 3. dep. to die, die off 
(used of one among a number); quum easel ex 
vetemm numero quidam senator demortuus, 
Cic; in demortui locum censor snfticitur, Liv. 

demoror, 1. dep. A. Intransit., to delay, 

loiter; ille nihil demoratus (without delay) ex- 
surgit, Tac B. Transit., to stop, hinder, delay, 
retard ; aliquein dintius, Cic. ; iter, Caes. ; ag- 
men novissimum, Caes.; iuutilis annos demoror, 
drag on a useless existence, Verg. ; Teucros quid 
demoror armis, to restrain from battle, Verg. 

Demosthenes -is and -i, m. (A7]jioa-0e'»T]s), 
the celebrated Athenian orator. 

demdveo -niovi -inOtum, 2. to move away, 
remove. I. Gen., demoveri et depelli de loco, 
Cic. ; aliquem de sententia, make a person 
change his opinion, Cic II. Esp. A. Milit. 1. 1. 
or of gladiators, gradu aliquein, make a person 
give, ground, Liv.; aliquem suo loco, Cic. B. a, 
to dispossess, remove, from one's property ; popul- 
um Homannm de suis posscssiouibus, Cic ; b, 
to remove a person from an office ; aliquein pi-ae- 
fectura, Tac. 

demugitus -a -nm (de and mugio), filled 
with the noise of lowing ; paludes, Ov. 

demuloeo -mulsi -mnlsnm or -mulctum, 2. 
to stroke down, caress by stroking ; dorsum (of 
horses), Liv. 

demum, adv. (from de, connected with Gr. 
Srj). at length, at last, 1. with particles relating 
to time, nunc demum, now at length, Cic. ; .jam 
demum, -hoio at last, Ov. ; turn demum, (Tien 
ii> r leed, then at length, Caes. ; 2, to express a 
climax or emphasis, esp. with pron., ea demum 
flrma amicitia est, that and that aloni, Sail. ; 
hac demum te rra, Verg. 

demurmuro, 1. to murmur or mvtterover; 
ter novies carmen magico ore, Ov. 

demutatio -Onis, f. (dernnto), change, altera- 
tion ; moruin, deterioration, Cic. 

demuto, 1. to change; animum, Plaut 



den 



iei 



dap 



denarius -a -urn (deni), containing the 
number ten; minimus or subst., denarius -ii, 
m a. Roman silver coin, originally equivalent to 
ten, but afterwards to sixteen asses, worth about 
8}d. of English money; alicui ail denarium sol- 
vere, to pay in Roman currency, Cic. ; ecquae 
spes sit denari i, of being paid in denarii, Cic. 

denarro, 1. to narrate, tell, relate; matri 
denarrat lit, etc. Hor. 

denato, 1. to sivim down; Tusco alveo, Hor. 

dcncgo, 1. 1, to deny, say no; Aquilium 
mm aibitiamurqiu denegavitet jiiravitmorbum, 
<Jio. ; 2, more frequently, to deny, refuse, reject 
a W[Hest; operain reipublicae, Liv.; id antea 
petenti denegavisse, Caes.; potest enim milii 
denegari nccupatio tua, Cic. 

deni -ae -a, num. distrib. (decern), 1, ten by 
ten, ten at a time, by tens ; uxores habent deni 
dnudenique inter se communes, Caes.; 2, ten; 
bis dtiiii, Verg. 

denicalis -c (de and nex), relating to death ; 
feriac, a funeral feast or solemnity among the 
Ramans (at wln'cli the family of the person dead 
Mas purilied), Cic. 

denique, adv. I. 1, in the order of suc- 
cession, at last, at length, Cic. ; 2, to express a 
climax, qui non civium, non denique hominuin 
iiumeio essent, even, Liv. ; 3 ? in fine, in short; 
omnia denique, Cic. II. Like deniuni, nunc 
denique, now indeed; tunj denique, then indeed, 
Cic. 

denomino, 1. to name; hinc (ab Lamio) 
Lamias ferunt denominatos, Hor. 

denormo, 1. (de and norma), to make irregu- 
lar ; o si angulua ille proximus accedat, qui nunc 
denormat ngellum, Hor. 

denoto, 1. to mark out, denote, designate pre- 
cisely ; quuiii ei res similes occurrant, quas non 
habent denotatas, Cic. ; cives neeandos denot- 
avit, Cic. 

dens, dentis, m. (connected with Gr. oSoiis). 
A. 1, a tooth ; apror.un, Ov. ; dens eburneus, 
Liv. ; denies genuiiii, the grinders, Cic. ; dent- 
ibus inanilitur iitque extfinuatuv cibus, Cic; 2, 
Ii;'. , a, envy, ill-will, slander; hoc maledieo 
deiite carpunt, Cic.; dens invidus, the. tooth of 
envy, Hoi.; atro dente aliquem petere, Hor.; b, 
of lime, vitiata dentibus aevi, Ov. B. Transf., 
of things resembling a tooth, dens ancorae, 
Verg.; dens vomeris, Verg.; dens uncus, mattock, 
Verg. ; ileus Saturni, the sickle, Verg. 

dense, adv., with compar. and superl. (dens- 
us), 1, densely, Plin.; 2, of time, frequently, Cic. 

denseo — denso (q.v.). 

Denseletae, v. Dentheleti. 

denso, and denseo, 2. (densus), to make 
thick, to thicken, condense, press together. I. 
Gen., male densatus agger, Liv. II, Esp., a, 
t. t. of weaving, to make thick with the reed, 
Ov. ; b, milit. t. t., to press close together ; scuta 
super capita, Liv.; ordines, Liv.; oatervas.Verg. ; 
C, mixta senum ac .juvenum densentur funera, 
are crowded together, Hor. 

densus -a -nm, adj., with compar. and 
superl., thick, close, dense (opp. rarus). A. Gen., 
silva, Cic..; litus, Ov. ; imber densissimus, Verg. ; 
caput densum caesarie, Ov. B. crowded to- 
gether, closely packed; 1, aristae, Verg.; apes, 
Verg.; frutices, Ov.; 2, of time, following closely, 
uninterrupted, frequent; ictus, Verg.; amores, 
Verg.; 3, vehement; densa frigoris asperitas, Ov. 

dentalia -Inm, n. (dens), ploughshare, Verg. 

1. dentatus -a -um (dens). I. provided with 
teeth, toothed. A. Lit., si male dentata puella 
est, Ov. B. toothed, spiked, pronged; ex omni 

6' 



parte dentata et tortuosa serrula, Cic. II, 
smoothed with a tooth; charta, Cic. 

2. Dentatus, v. Curias. 

Dentheleti -orum (Aai/0r)A.ijTai) and Den- 
seletae -arum, m. a 1'hracian people living 
near the sources of Strymon. 

dentisoalpium -ii, n. (dens and scalpo), a 
toothpick, Mart. 

denubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to be married, 
to marry (of the woman) ; nee Caenis in ullos 
denupsit thalamos, Ov. ; Julia, quondam Neron- 
is uxor, denupsit in domuin Rubellii Blandi, Tac. 

denudo, 1. to lay bare, uncover, denude ; 1, ne 
Verves denudetur a pectore, Cic. ; transf., mini 
suum consilium, Liv. ; 2. to rob, plunder ; cives 
Romanos, ap. Cic. ; transf., suo earn (juris scient- 
iam) concesso et tradito (ornatu) spoliare atque 
denudare, Cic. 

denuntiatio -onis, f. (denuntio), an an- 
nouncement, intimation, declaration, threat. I. 
Gen., periculi, Cic. II. Esp., a, polit. 1. 1., 
denuntiatio belli, declaration of war, Cic. ; b, 
legal t. t., summoning of a witness, Cic; c, 
warning; quae est enim a dis profecta signifi- 
catio et quasi denuntiatio calamitatum, Cic. 

denuntlO, 1. I. Gun. to announce, intimate, 
declare, threaten, denounce; proscriptionem, Cic. ; 
alicui mortem, Cic. ; ilia arma, centuriones, co- 
hortes non periculum nobis, sed praesidium de- 
nuntiant, Cic. ; with ace. and infln., Gorgias se 
ad omnia esse paratum denuntiavit, Cic. ; with 
nt or ne with the subj., or subj. alone, Lupus 
milii denuntiavit ut ad te scriberem, Cic; with 
rel. sent., ut denuntiet quid caveant, Cic. II. 
Esp. a, polit. t. t., bellum denuntiare, to declare 
war, Cic; b, milit. t.t. to give order; denun- 
tiare ut arma capiant, Liv. ; c, legal t.t, of the 
prosecutor, (a) alicui testimonium denuntiare, 
to summon a person as witness, Cic ; (/3) denun- 
tiare alicui, to give notice of an action ; de isto 
fuudoCaeeiuae, Cic. ; (y) denuntiare in judicium, 
to give notice to one's witnesses, friends, etc., to be 
present at the trial ; d, to give warnings of, to 
forewarn ; qui (Hector) morieus propinquam 
Achilli mortem denuntiat, Cic. ; quibus por- 
tentis magna populo Romano bella perniciosae- 
que caedes denuntiabantur, Cic 

denuo, adv. (for de novo), anew, again ; 1, =-= 
iteruin, again, a second lime; rebellare, Liv. ; 2, 
= rursus, of that which is repeated any number 
of times ; recita denuo, Cic 

Deois -Idis, f. (A€(oi*s), daughter of Deo(Aij<u, 
Ceres'), i.e., Proserpina, Ov. 

Deoius -a -um, sacred to Ceres ; quercus, Ov. 

deonero, 1. to unload, disburden ; transf., 
ex illius iuvidia deonerare aliquid et in te trajic- 
ere coepit, Cic. 

deorsum, adv. (for de -vorsum), downieards 
(opp. sursum), indicating motion ; sursum deor- 
sum, up and down, backwards and forwards ; 
naturis sursum deorsum, ultro citro commcan- . 
tibns, Cic 

depaciscor (depficiscor) -pactus, 3. dep. 
to bargain for, make an agreement ; ipse tria 
praedia sibi depactus est, Cic ; depacisci cum 
aliquo ut, etc., Cic 

depango -pactum, 3. to drive into the ground, 
to drive, fix in; tig., vitae depactus terminus 
alte, Lucr. 

depasco -pavi -pastum, 3., 1, to feed off, eat 
down; saltns, Ov. ; luxuriem segetum, Verg. ; 2, 
to feed, graze, pasture (found also in the dep. 
form, depascor -pastus), agros, Cic ; Hyblaeis 
apilms floreiu depasta salicti saepes, Verg. ; de- 
pasta altaria, poet. = food on the a/tars, Verg. ; 



dep 



162 



ciSp 



transf., dep.iscere litxuriem orationis stilo, to 

prune down extravagance of language, Cic ; artus 
depascitur arida febris, Verg. 
dcpeciscor, v. depaciscor. 

depecto-pexi -pexum, 3. to comb, comb dote n; 
erines buxo, Ov. ; vellera foliis tenuia, to comb 
off, Verg. 

dcpeculator -5ris, m. (depecnlor), one who 
robs or embezzles ; aerarii, Cic 

depe'culor, l. dep. (de and peculium), to 
rob, plunder; farm, Cic. ; aliquein omni argento 

spoliare atque depeculare, Cic. ; cur pro isto qui 
laudem honoremque l'amiliae vestrae depecu- 
latus est pugnas ? Cic. 

dcpcllo -ptUi -pulsum, 3. I. to drive away 
(of shepherds), teneros fetus Mantuam, Verg. 
II. to drive down, cast, dawn, expel, remove. A. 
Lit, 1, gen. , simalacra dcorum depulsa, Cic; 
aliquem ex nrV>e, Cic; 2, esp. a, milit. t.t, to 
dislodge; liostem loco, Caes. ; b, to wean; ab 
uberematris, Verg.; aliquem, Verg.; c, naut. t.t., 
to drive, out of one's course; aliquem obvii aqui- 
lones depellnnt, Tac B. Transf. to drive away, 
ke ep off, turn away; famein sitimque, Cic. ; sus- 
picionein a se, Cic. ; aliquem de causa suscepta, 
Cic ; de spe conatuque depulsus, Cic. ; aliquem 
tribunatu, Cic. 

dependeo, 2. A. Lit. to hang dmvn, hang 
from ; ex liumeris dependet amictus, Verg. ; 
laqueo dependentem invenere, Liv. B. Transf., 
to depend upon; a, tides dependet a die. Ov. ; 
bj to he elymologically derived /ran ; liuius et 
augurium ilependtt origine verbi, Ov. 

dependo -pendi -pensum, 3. to weigh ov!. 
A. Lit. to pay ; dependendum tibi est quod inihi 
pro illo spopondisti, Cic. B. Transf., poonas 
reipublicae, Cic. - 

deperdo -perdldi •perdltum, 3. 1, to spoil, 
ruin; doperditus lletu, exhausted, Cat.; deperd- 
itus in aliqiia, desjjerutily in love with, Cat. ; 2, 
to lose ; non solum bona Red etiam Itouestatein, 
Cic. ; paucos ex suis, Caes. 

depereo -peril -pSrlturus, 4. to perish or be 
ruined utterly; tenipestate deperierant naves, 
Caes.; si servus deperisset, Cic ; esp., deperire 
amore alicuius, to be. desjterately in love with, 
Liv. ; so aliquem (aliquam), Cat. 

depilo, 1. to deprive of hair, make bald, Mart. 

depingo -pinxi -pictuw, 3. A. Lit. to 
paint, represent in painting, depict; pugnnm 
Mnrathoniam, Nep. B. Transf., 1 ? to araiv or 
ilejiirt iii words; vitnm liuius, Cic. ; nimium 
depieta, too elaborately delineated, Cic. ; 2, to 
picture to oneself in thought, Cic. 

dcplango -planxi -planctum, 3. to bewail, 
lament, <>v. 

deplexus -a -urn, clasping, embraidng, Lucr. 

deplcro, 1. I. Intransit. to weep violently, to 
lament ; de suis incommodis, Cic. II. Transit. 

A. to lament, hc.wail; alicuius interitum, Cic. 

B. Transf. t" regard as lost, give up; agros, Liv.; 
spein Capnae retinei&dae deplorataui apud Poenos 
esse, Liv. 

depluo, 3. to rain down, Tib. 

depono -p5sfli -pSsitum, ". to pat, p'ocr, 
lay down, put away, put aside. I. Gen. A. Lit., 
caput ferine, ()v. ; mriitum in gremio, Cic ;onus, 
Cic. ; anna, Caes. ; comas, to cut the hair, Mart. ; 
plantas BUlciS, Verg. ; aliquant, In give birth to, 
Cat. ; vitnlain, lay at a wager or ai a prize, Verg. 
B. Transr., a, to renounce, lay aside, put an end 
to; amicilins, simultates, Cic : adeuudae Syriae 
consilium, Cie. ; roeinoriam alicuius rei, or nli- 
(piid ex memoria, to forget, Cic. ; b, to lay dmvn 
an office; iinperium, Cic. ; c, to deprive of an 



honour or office; triuniplnim, Liv. II. Bsp.-j 

to deposit, lay up for preservation, commit to the 
charge of. A. Lit., pecuniam in delubro, Cic ; 
obsidesapud eos, Caes.; pecuniam apud aliquem, 
Cic. B. Transf., jus populi Romani in vestra 
fide nc rcligione depono, Cic. ; hence depos- 
itus, laid out dead; ut depositi proferret fata 
parentis, Verg. ; jam prope depositus, Ov. 

dopopulatio -Onis, f. (depopulor), a laying 
waste, plundering; aedium sacrariini publico- 
luinque operum, Cic. 

depopulator -oris, in. (depopulor), one 
who ravages or lays waste; fori, Cic 

depopulor, 1. dcp. to lay waste, ravage; 
Ainbiorigis lines, Caes. ; agros, Cic. (pass, depo- 
pulatis agris, Caes. ; late depopulato ngro, Liv.). 

deporto, 1. lo bear, tarry away, remove, 
conrcy airoy. I. Gen., a, of persons and ships, 
fruincntuin in enstrn, Caes. ; Tertiam secuin, 
Cic; Pleminium Icgatum vinctnm Romam, Liv.; 
b, of rivers, Nilns niagnam vim seminum secuin 
fiumenti similinm dicitur deportare, Cic II. 
Esp. a, to bring home from a jn-ovince ; victorem 
exercitum, Cic. ; si niliil aliud de line provincia 
nisi illius benevolentiam deportassem, Cic ; b, 
to banish for life (with loss of civil rights and 
property), in insillain Ai lorguin deporlari, Tnc; 
Italia, 'lac. 

depoSCO -poposci, 3. to ask, beg, beseech, de- 
mand earnestly. I. Gen., ccrtas sibi deposcit 
naves, Caes. ; unum ad id belluin imperatorein 
deposei atque expeti, Cic II. Esp. 1, to ask an 
office or duty for oneself; sibi id niuncris, Caes. ; 
sibi partes istas, Cic. ; 2, to demand for punish- 
ment; Hannibalem, Liv. ; aliquem ad mortem, 
Caes.; aliquem morti, Tnc; aliquem, Cic; 3, 
to challenge to combat ; aliquem sibi, Liv. 

depravatc, adv. (depravo), unjustly, ini- 
quitously ; judieare, Cic. 

depravatio -onis, f. (depravo), a perverting, 
distorting. A. Lit., oris, Cic. B. Transf., an- 
imi, depravity, Cic. 

depravo, 1. (de and pravus), to pervert, dis- 
tort, disfigure. A. Lit. quaedam contra naturam 
depravata habere, Cic. ; depravata imitatio, enri- 
cature, Cic. B. Trans!', to spoil, corrupt, de- 
prave ; puer indulgentia nostra depravatus, 
Cic ; mores dulcedine depravati, Cic. ; plcbcin 
consiliis, Liv. 

deprecabundus -a -um (deprecor), earn- 
estly entreating, Tac. 

deprtcatio -onis, f. (deprecor), 1, a ward- 
ing off or averting by entreaty, deprecating; per- 
iculi, Cic. ; in religious language, an impreca- 
tion, curse; deorum, invoking the curse of the 
gods, Cic; 2, an entreaty for forgiveness ; eiio 
facti, Cic. 

deprScator -oris, m. (deprecor), one who 
begs off, an intercessor; liuius periculi, Cic; eo. 
deprecatore, at his intercession, Caes. 

deprecor, 1. dep. I. to pray earnestly to 
some person ov for something. A. Gen., a, ali- 
qnem, Cic. ; deprecari patres ne festinnrent, 
Liv. ; non deprecor, foil, by quominns, Ljv. ; 
b. aliquid, to beg for, entreat for; pacem, Cic ; 
with ne and the subj., unum petere ac deprecari 
ne, etc., Caes.; primum deprecor ne putetis, 
etc, Cic; nihiluni deprecans qnin, etc, Liv. ; 
with infill. = to alhge. in excuse; errasse regeni, 
Sail.; c, aliquid ab'aliqno, to beg for; multorum 
vitaiu nb nli(|iio, Cic; civem a eivilms, Cic; 
d, aliso]., to intercede; pro aliquo, Cic. B. to 
execrate, curse, Cat. II. to avert by entreaty, 
beg off ; mortem, Caes. ; poennm, Liv. 

deprchendo and deprendo -prgliendi 
(prendi) -prehensum (-prensum), :j. to seize, 'ay 



dep 



1G3 



des 



holt of, Midi. I. Lit., A. Gen., tabellarioa 
depreliendere litterasque intercipere, Cups. ; 
naves, Cues. ; of storms, deprensis nautis, 
caught in a storm, Verg. B. Esp., to surprise, 
catch, detect, esp. in a crime or fault ; deprebendi 
in manifesto scelere, Cic. ; aliquem in adulterio, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. to perceive, observe, mark; 
res niagnas saepe in minimis rebus, Cic. B. 
Pass., deprebendi, to be surprised, embarrassed ; 
se depreliensum negare non potuisse, Cic. 

dcprchensio -onis, f. (deprebendo), detec- 
tion ; veneni, Cic. 

depressus -a -ran, p. adj., with com par. 
and superb (deprimo), low-lying, sunk down; 
doimis, Cic..; convallis, Verg. 

deprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (dc and premo), 
to sink 'down, press down, depress. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., altera ad frontem sublato, altera ad meiit- 
um depresso supercilio, Cie. ; depresso aratro 
(sc. in terrain), Verg. B. Esp. 1, to plant or 
place deep in the ground, dig deep ; saxuin in 
mirandam altitudinem depressus, Cic. ; 2, of 
ships, to sink ; naves, Caes. ; classem, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., to press down, depress, oppress; 
fortunani meam, Cic. ; spes illius civitatis, Cic. 
B. Esp. to 'put down by words; multoriun ini- 
probitate depressa Veritas, Cic. 

deproelior, 1. to contend violently ; ventos 
aequore fervido deproeliantes, Ilor. 

deprorao -prompsi -promptum, 3. to bring 
forth, produce, fetch out ; pecuniam ex aerario, 
Cic. ; Caecubum cellis, Hor.; transf., orationem 
ex jure civili, Cic. ; verba domo patron.i. Cic. 

deprdpero, to hasten; alicui coronas, weave 
quickly, Hor. 

depudet -pMuit, 2. impers. to cease to be 
ashamed, to be shameless, Ov. 

depugis = depygis (q.v.). 

depugno, 1. to fight, struggle, contend vio- 
lently; utacie instructs depugnarent, Caes. ; cuin 
Hectore, Cic; transf., voluptas depugnat cum 
lionestatc, Cic. 

depulsio -onis, f. (depello), 1, driving aiuuy, 
driving off; luiiiinum, Cic; doloris, Cic. ; 2, 
In rbet., defence, Cic. 

depulsor -oris, m. (depello), one who drives 
away, a destroyer ; dominatus, Cic. 

dopiito, 1. to prune, cut off'; umbras, branches, 
Ov. 

depygis -is, thin butlocked, Hor. 

deque, v.' susque deque. 

Dercetis -is, f. and Derceto -us, f. 
(Acpiceru), a Syrian goddess (also called Atarg- 
itis), identified with the Greek Aphrodite. 

derelict io -Onis, f. (derelinquo), a deserting, 
forsaking ; communis utilitatis, Cic. 

derelinquo -liqui -lietum, 3. to forsake, 
iesert entirely, abandon. A. Lit., totas arationes 
lerelinquere, Cic; naves ab aestu derelictae, 
Daes. B. Transf., derelictus ab amicis, Cic. 

dcrepente, adv., suddenly, ap. Cic. . 

derepo -rupsi, 3. to creep, crawl down, Phaedr. 

derideo -risi -risum, 2. to laugh at, mock, 
deride, scoff at ; aliquem, Cic; absol., deridet, 
quum, etc., Cic. 

derldiculus -a Aim (derideo), very ridicu- 
lous, very laughable; alteram deridicuium esse 
se reddens rationem, Liv. ; subst., deridicul- 
um -j, n. ridicule, ridiculousness; esse or baberi 
deridieulo, to be an object of ridicule, Tac. 

derlgesoo (dirigesco) -rigfti, 3. to grow quit* 
stiff, ri'iid; derigescit cervix, Ov. ; deriguere 
oculi. Verg., Ov. 

derlpio -ripfti -reptum, 3. (de and rapio), 



to tear down, Snatch away ; ensem vagina, Verg.; 
aliquid dc manu, Cic ; aliquem de provincia, 
Cic. ; (id) alteri, Cic. ; transf., quantum de men 
auctoiitate deripuisset, curtailed, Cic. 

derisor -oris, m. (derideo), one who mocks, 
derides, a mocker, Hor. 

derisus -us, m. (derideo), mockery, derision, 
Pbaedr., Tac. 

derivatio -Onis, f. (derivol, a turning or 
drawing off of water; aquae Albanae, Liv.; de- 
rivationes flumiiium, Cic. 

derivo, 1. A. to turn, draw off water; 
aquam ex flumine, Caes. B. Transf., to turn 
off, divert; crimen, Cic; responsionem alio, Cic; 
culpam in aliquem, Cic; partem curae in Asiam, 
Cie 

derdgatio -onis. f. (derogo), the partial 
repeal of a law ; plur.. legum derogationes, Cic. ; 

derogo, 1. A. Lit., to repeal part of the 
provisions of a laiv, to restrict, modify a law; 
buic legi nee obrugari fas est neque derogari 
ex bac aliquid licet neque tota abrogari potest, 
Cic B. Transf., to diminish, tedee away, de- 
rogate from ; de lionestatc quiddam, Cic. ; lideui 
alicui or alicui rei, Cic. 

derosus -a -urn (partic. of an unused veil) 
derodo), gnawed away; clipeos esse a muribus. 
Cic._ 

deruo -riii -riituni, 3. to cast down, overturn; 
fig., cuniulum de laudibus Dolabellae, Cic. 

deruptus -a -urn (*derumpo), broken off; 
hence, of places (conf. abruptus), precipitous, 
steep ; lipa, Liv. ; collis, Tac. Subst., de- 
rupta -oium, n. precipices, Liv. 

desaevio -ii -ituni, 4. to rage violently; 
pelago desaevit liiems, Verg. ; toto Aeneas de- 
saevit in aequore, Verg. • , . 

desceiido -scendi -scensum, 3. (de and 
scando), to step doivn, come down, descend (opp. 
ascendo). I. Of persons, A. Lit., 1, gen., ex 
equo or equo, Sail. ; do rostris, Cic ; inoute, 
Verg. ; coelo ab alto, Verg. ; in ambulationem, 
Cic. ; ad naviculas, Cic; 2, esp., a, descendere 
in. or ad forum, or simply descendere, in Rome 
to come down into tlus Forum, ill order to attend 
the Comitia, etc ; liodie non descend it Antonius, 
Cic. ; b, of an army, to descend from a height 
into the plain; ex supeiioiibus locis in plan- 
itiem, Caes.; in aequuni, Liv. B. Transf., to 
lower oneself, to have recourse to, to condescend to, 
agree to, give way to ; sencs ad ludum adolesc- 
entium descendant, Cic; ad vim ntque ad anna, 
Caes. ; in pieces omnes, Verg. II. Of tilings, 
A. Lit, a, of weapons, to pierce, to penetrate; 
ferrum in corpus descendit, Liv. ; b, of moun- 
tains, to slope down ; Caelius ex alto qua nions 
descendit in aequum, Ov. ; of the voice, to 
sink, Cic. B. Transf., quod verbuni in pectus 
Jugurtliae altius quam quis ratus erat descendit, 
sank deeper, Sail. 

descensio -Onis, f. (desceiido), a going down, 
descending, descent; Tiberina, voyage down the 
Tiber, Cic. 

descensus -Cs, m. (descendo), a descending, 
descent. I. Lit., descensus difficilis et artae viae, 
lav. ; poet, with dat., facilis descensus Averui, 
Verg. II. Meton., a descending way ; descensus 
ripae utriusque in alvfiuin trecentorum ferine 
passuuni, Liv. 

descisco -scivi or -scii -scituin, 3. A. Lit., 
to revolt from, desert to ; nudtae civitatcs ab 
Afranio desciscunt, Caes. ; desciscere a populo 
Romano, Liv. ; a senatu, Cic; ab Latinis ad 
Romiinos, Liv. B. to withdraw, depart, diverge 
from, fall off from ; a pristina causa, Cic; a 
veritatc, Cic. ; a sc, to be untrue to oneself, Cic; 



des 



J. i-i 



tics 



hence, to fall into, degenerate to ; ad inclinatain 
fortunani, Cie. 

describo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to tran- 
scribe, copy; quintum "de Finibus" librum, 
Cic. H. to descrilx, delineate, or represent in 
writing or by signs. A. Lit., geometricas fonnas 
in arena, Cic; carmina i\i foliis or in cortice, 
V'erg. B. Transf., 1, to represent in words, to 
describe ; a, of things, hominnm sermones mor- 
esque, Cic; regionem aut pngnam, Cic; flunien 
Rliemun, Hor. ; b, of persons, to portray; con- 
jugem sine contumella, Cic. ; 2, to define, ex- 
plain ; describere officia, Cic; 3, to mark out, 
arrange, classify; rationem totius belli, Cic ; 
Jus civile generatim in ordines aetatesque, Cic; 
4, to imjiose, appoint, fir, allot; civitatibus pro 
numero militum pecuniarum sunimas, Cic. ; 
suuni cilique munus, Cic. ; duodena in singulos 
homines jugera, Cic; 5, to divide, distribute; 
popnliim cen.sn, ordinibus, aetatibus, Cic. 

doscrlpte, adv. (descriptus), in order, sys- 
fanatically; descripte et electe digerere, Cic 

descriptio -Onis, f. (describo). I. a copy ; 
descriptio imagoque tabularuin, Cic. II. a 
representation by v:riting or signs. A. Lit., a de- 
scription, representation ; descriptis aedificandi, 
plans, Cic. ; numeri aut descriptiones, geometric 
figures, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a representation u 
words, a description ; regionum, Cic. ; 2> - 
definition ; nominis brevis et aperta, Cic. ; 3, 
fixing, limiting; expetendanim fugiendarutnque 
rcrum, Cic; 4, distribution; possessionum, 
Cic; 5, arrangement, settling, division; mag- 
istratuum, eivitatis, Cic. 

descriptus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(from describo), properly arranged; ordo verb- 
omni, Cic 

dc.'.CCO -s^cili -sectuni, "1. to ltev< off, cut off; 
partes ex toto, Cic; aures, Caes.; segetem, 
Liv._ 

desenesco -sSnui, 3. to grow weaker by age ; 
ira belli, Sail. 

desero -sgrCii -sertum, 3. (de and sero, to 
sever one's connexion with), to desert, forsake, 
abandon, leave. I. Gen., 1, inamabile regniim 
desere, Ov. ; 2, to leave. -uninhabited : agros 
latos ac fertile* deserere, Cic; insulas desertns, 
Cic II. to abandon, be untrue, to, desert. A. 
Lit., 1, gen., cum amici partim desernerint me, 
partim etiam prodiderint, Cic. ; pass., with abl. 
alone, deseror conjuge, Ov. ; desertns suis, Tac; 
2, esp., milit. t. t., to desert; exercitum, Cic. ; 
exercitum ducesque, Caes.; enstra, Liv. B. 
Transf., to neglect, disregard; 1, gen., a, of 
persons, deserere ofticium, Cic ; enram belli, 
Liv. ; nee fratris preces ncc Sextii proinissa nee 
spem mulieris, Cic; b, of things or abstrac- 
tions, mnlto tardius faina deseret Curium Fabri- 
cium, Cic.; a mente deseri, to lose one's head,Cia.; 
2, esp., a, of religions rites, to neglect; publira 
sacra et Romanos deos in pace, Liv. ; b, legal 
t. t., vadimoninm, fo fill to appear, Cic. 

desertio -onis, f. (desero), neglect, Liv. (?) 

desertor -oris, m. (desero), 1, one v:ho for- 
sakes, abandons, a deserter; amicorum, Cic; 
desertor communis utilitatis, Cic. ; 2, in milit. 
t. t., a deserter, Caes. ; poet., a fugitive, Ov., 
Verg. 

desertus -a -um, p. adj., with compar. and 
superl. (desero), forsaken, abandoned, deserted; 
locus, regio, Cic: loca, Caes.; deserta siti regio, 
Sail. Subst., deserta -Onim, n. deserts, wil- 
dernesses, Verg. 

deservio, 4. to serve zealously ; a, to serve a 
person ; alicui, Cic ; cuivis, Cie. ; b, to be de- 
voted to a thing; divinis rebus, Cic; in a l>ad 
Bense, to be a slave to ; corpori. Cic. 



deses -sidis, hi. (desideo), idle-, tasj/, stol1\fu% 

inactive; sedemUs desides domi, Liv.; nee rem 
Romanam tain dosidem umquttm fuisec atquo 
iinbelleni, Liv. 

desideo -sedi -sessuni, 2, to sit idle, to he 
idle, slothful, Ter. 

desiderabllis -e, adj., with compar. (de- 

sidero), desirable ; nihil enim desiderabile con- 
cupiscunt, Cic. 

desideratio -onis, f. (desidero), a desire, 
longing for anything, Cic (?) 

desiderium -ii, n. (desidero). I. desire or 
longing, yearning, grief for the absence or loss of 
a person or tiling; miserum nie desiderium urbis 
tenet, Cic. ; esse "m desiderio rerum sibi ear- 
issimarum, Cic; me tanto desiderio aiticis ut, 
etc., Cic; desiderio tabescere, Cic; desiderio ali- 
cuius mortuum esse, Cic; meton., the object of 
desire; desiderium ineum, Cic II. Es|i. A. 
natural desire ; eibi atquc potionis, i.iv. B. 
a wishj desire; militum, Tac 

desidero, 1. (like considero, from rout SID, 
Gr. 1A, E1A, to look eagerly at), to long for some 
person or thing that is absent or lost, to wish for. 
I. Gen., a, of persons, aliquid, Cic; aliquid ab 
aliquo, Cic; aliquid in aliquo, Cic; with infill., 
haec scire desidero, Cic. ; b, of things, to re- 
[Hire, need; res nun modo tempus sed etiam 
auimum vacuum desiderat, Cic. II. Esp., 1, 
with the notion of a fault, to miss; ex me midis 
quid in oratione tna desidcrem, Cic ; 2, to 
lose; in eo proelio CC milites desideravit, Caes.; 
qnarta (legio) victrix desiderat jieminem, Cic. 

desidia -ae, f. (deses), sloth, idleness, inac- 
tivity ; ne languori se desidiaeque dedat, Cic 

desidiose, adv. (desidiosus), slothfully, idly, 
Lucr. 

desidiosus -a -um, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (desidia), slothful, idle, lazy; a, of per- 
sons, qui nolet tieri desidiosus, amet, Ov. ; b, 
of things, causing sloth ; illecebrae, Cic; dclect- 
atio, Cic; inertissimum et desidiosissimum 
otium, Cic. 

desido -sedi and -sidi, 3. to sink down, suit- 
side, settle; terra, Cic; transf., to diminish, 
deteriorate ; mores, Liv. 

designatio -onis, f. (designo). I. Lit., a 
marking out, designing, describing; persoiiaruui 
et tempiirnm, Cic. II. 1, arrangement, order; 
totius opens, Cic; 2, appointment to an office; 
annua designatio, nomination of consuls, Tac. 

designator -oris, in. (designo), one who 
arranges, an umpire at the public games, Cic. 

designo, 1. to mark out, trace out. I. Lit., 

a, urbein aratro, Verg.; fines templo Jovis, Liv.; 

b, to point out by signs; aliquem digito, Ov. ; 
notare et designare aliquem oculis ad caedem, 
Cic.; c, to sketch, delineate; Maeonis elusatu 
imagine tauri Europam, Ov. II. Transf., A. 
Gen., to signify, allude to; line oratione Duiii- 
norigem designari, Caes. B. Esp., 1. to con- 
trive, perpetrate; quid non ebrietas nesignat? 
Hor.; 2, to arrange, regulate; constitnere et 
designare, Cic. ; 3, polit. t. t., to nominate to an 
office, elect; ut ii uecemviratum habeant, quos 
plebs designaverit, Cic. ; esp., designatus, elect ; 
consul designatus, consul elect, Cic; tribunns 
plebis, Cic ; civis designatus (of a child not, 
born), Cic. 

desilio -silfii -sultnm,4.(deand salio), to hap 
down ; de navibus, Caes. ; ex navi, Caes. ; ab equo, 
Verg. ; ad pedes, dismount, Caes. ; of tilings, ex 
alto desiliens aqua, Ov. 

desino -sii -situm, 3. to leave of, rease, qire 
over, desist ("pp. roepi). I. Transit., artein, Cic.; 
versus, Verg. ; poet, (for deseri ie), 1 1 vliuivlou ; 



des 



165 



des 



ilominam, Ov. ; with intin. to cease to ; desiit 
defenders, Cic. ; illud timere desitio, Cic. ; with 
alii., desiue quaeso coiniuunibiu loeis, Cic; with 
geuit., tandem mollium querelaruin, Hor. ; des- 
init in lacrimas, ends by weeping, Ov. ; pass, mi- 
ners., si esset factitatum, non esset desitum, Cic. 
II. Intransit. to cease, stop, end; in piscem, Ov. ; 
rhet., of the close of a period, quae similiter de- 
siuunt aut quae cadunt similiter, Cic. 

desipiens -entis, p. adj. (desipio), foolish, 
Cic. 

desipientia -ae, f. (desipiens), foolishness, 
stupidity, Lucr. 

desipio -sipui, 3. (de and sapio), tobe foolish, 
silly, to act foolishly ; sumnios vivos desipere, 
Cic. ; dulce est desipere in loco, Hor. 

desisto -stYti -stitum, 3. to desist, leave off, 
cuisc; de ilia ineiite, Cic. ; a defeiisione, Caes.; 
uuiiatu, Caes.; with intin. destiti stomachari, Cic. 

dcsolo, 1. to leave solitary, to forsake ; in- 
gentes agios, Verg. ; frequently in perf. partic, 
desolatus -a -um, forsaken, desolate ; desolatae 
teirae, Ov. 

despectlo -onis, f. (despicio), a looking down; 
transf. contempt ; huma.na.Tum opinionum, Cic. 

despecto, 1. (iuteus of despicio), to regard 
from above, look down upon. I. Lit., a, of per- 
sons, terras, Verg. ; b, of places, to overlook ; 
quos despectant nioenia Abellae, Verg. II. 
Transf., to despise; liberos ut multum infra, Tac. 

1. despectus -a -um, p. adj., with compar. 
despised, despicable, Cic. 

± despectus -us, m. (despicio). A. a look- 
ing down, downward view; erat ex oppido Alesia 
despectus in cauipum, Caes. B. Transf., cou- 
tempt, despising ; alicui despectui esse, Tac. 

desperanter, adv. (despero), despairingly, 
hopelessly ; loqui, Cic. 

desperatio -5nis, f. (despero), hopelessness, 
despair; vitae, Cic. ; reeuperandi, Cic. 

desperatus -a -inn, p. adj. with compar. 
andsupeii. (despero), desperate, hopeless; aegrota 
ae paeno desperata res publica, Cic. ; niorbi, 
Cic. ; senes, Cic. ; desperatissimo perfugio uti, 
Cie. 

despero, 1. to be without hope, to despair, 
<jivc up; de republiea, Cic. ; honorcs, Cic. ; sibi, 
Cie. ; suis fortunis, Caes. ; with aec. and infill., 
ista vera esse, Cic. ; often in pass., desperatis 
nostris rebus, Caes. ; desperatur turpiter quid- 
quid ticri potest, Cic. 

despicatio -onis, f. (despicor), contempt; 
in plur., odia, invidia, despicationes adversantur 
voluptatibus, Cic. 

1. despicatus -a -um, p. adj. with superl. 
(despicor), desjnsed, despicable; homo despicat- 
issiinus, Cic. 

2. despicatus -us, in. (despicor), contempt; 
si quis despicatui ducitur, Cic. 

despicientia -ae, f. (despicio), contempt; 
rerum liuinanaruin, Cic. 

despicio -spexi -spectum, 3. I. to look 
down, regard from above. A. Lit., a, intransit., 
de vertice moutis in valles, Ov. ; a sumnio caelo 
in aequora, Ov. ; b, transit., Juppitcr aethere 
siuiiiiio despicicus mare, Verg.; varias geutcs et 
urbes despicere et oculis collustrare, Cic. B. 
Transf., to look down upon, despise; despicere 
et contennierc aliqueni, Cic. ; partic. with gen., 
despioiens sui, Cie. II. Intrausit., to look away 
from, Cic. 

despolio, 1. to plunder, despoil; aliqueni, 
Cic. ; duspoliandum templum Dianae, Cic. 

despondeo -spondi -sponsuin, 2. I. to pro- 
''.""• A? G e W-| Sjri'iain homini, Cjc. jj, Esp., 



to prom : se a maiden in marriage, betroth; filiam 
alicui, Cic. II. Transf., A. Gen., to promise, 
give up; quaeeumque (spes) est, er. despond- 
etur anno cmisulatus tui, Cic. B. Esji., de- 
spondere auimos, to lose courage, desjiond, Liv. 

despumo, 1. to skim off; foliis undam aheni, 
Verg. 

despuo -spui -sputum, 3. A. Intransit., to 
spit out (a superstitious usage fur averting evil) ; 
sacellum ubi despui religio est, Liv. B. 'I'rausit. 
fig., to reject, abhor ; preces uostras, Cat. 

desquamo, 1. to take off the sades, to scale, 
Plaut. 

desterto -tui, 3. to finish snoring ; poet, to 
finish dreaming, Pers. 

destillo, 1. to drop down, distil; leutuni dls- 
fcillat, abinguine virus, Verg. 

destinatio -onis, f. (destiuo), a fixing, deter- 
mination, resolution; partiuui, i|uibus cessurui 
aut non cessurus esset, Liv. 

destlno, l. (from root STAN, whence <navvn>, 
1<tt6.i/u), lit. to fix firm.) A. to make fast, bind, 
fasten; antennas ad inalos, Caes. B. Transf., 
a, to fix, determine, settle ; tempus locu«ique ad 
cerUinen, Liv.; aliqueni ad mortem, Liv.; debiti 
destinatique morti, Liv. ; certae destinataeque 
sententiae, Cic; with inlin. to resolve to do; quae 
agere destinaverat, Caes. ; quas urbes direpturos 
se destinaverant, Liv.; b, toaimat withamissile; 
locum oris, Liv. ; c, to fix upon, intend to buy, 
Cic. ; d, to betroth, fix upon as a wife for some one ; 
Lepidadestiuata quondam uxor L. Caesari, Tac. ; 
e, to select, fix upon for an office; destinare ali- 
queni eonsulem, Liv. 

destituo -stltui -stitutuin, 3. (de and statuo), 
to set. I. to set down, to place. A. aliqueni aute 
tribunal regis, Liv. B. Transf., quuin in hac 
miserriina fortuna destitutus sit, Cic. II. to 
place on one side; 1, to leave, abandon; nudos iu 
litore pisces, Verg. ; aliqueni in convivio, Cic. ; 
2, to leave in the lurch, forsake, desert ; aliqueni 
in ipso discrimine periculi, Liv. ; nudus paene 
est destitutus, Cic. ; deos mercede pacta, to 
cheat, Hor. ; spes destltuit, Liv. ; partic. perf. 
abandoned; ab oinne spe destitutus, Liv. 

destitutus -a -um, partic. of destituo. 
destitutio -onis, f. (destituo), a forsaking, 

abandoning, Cic. 

destrictus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(destringo), sharp, severe; destrictior accusator, 
Tac. 

destringo -strinxi -strictum. 3. I. to strip 
off. A. Gen., Quint. B. to draw or bare the 
sivord; gladium, Cic. II. to touch lightly, 
graze. A. Lit., aequora alis, Ov. ; pectora suni- 
ma sagitta, Ov. B. Transf., to satirise, censure; 
aliquein mordaci carmine, Ov. 

destruo -struxi -structum, 3. to prdl down. 
A. Lit. to destroy (opp. construo); aedificium, 
Cic. ; nioenia, Verg. B. Transf. to destroy, ruin ; 
jus destruere ac demoliri, Liv. ; hostem, Tac. 

desubito, adv. suddenly, Cic. 

desudo, 1. to sweat violently ; transf. to exert 
oneself, labour hard; in aliquare, Cic. 

desuefacio -feci -factum (" desueo and 
facio), to disuse, make unaccustomed to; rnulti- 
tudo desuefacta a contionibus, Cic. 

desuesco -suevi •suetuin, 3. A. Transit to 
disuse, bring into disuse ; res desueta, Liv. B. 
Intransit. to become unaccustomed to; and in perf. 
unused to; desuetus triumphis, Verg. 

desuetudo -Inis, f. (desuesco), disuse; ar- 
monim, Liv. 

desultor -oris, m. (desilio), a circus rid9> 
who kiivcd from one /:or«g (o awlhir whik bob- 



Qes 



166 



det 



•were at full speed, Liv. ; transf. an inconstant 
■ person ; amoris, Ov. 

desultorius -a -Tim (desultor), relating to a 
desultor, Cic. 

desum -fSU -esse, tobe absent, away, wanting, 
to fail. I. Gen. omnia decrant quae, etc., Caes.; 
with dak, tibi nullum officiuma me ilefuit, Cic. ; 
With in and the abl., desunt (verba) in C. Laenia 
comnicndaiido, Cic. ; deesse, or non deesse, 
foil, by quominus and the subj., dims sibi res, 
quominus in vulgus et in foro diceret deftusse, 
Cic. ; nihil deest, foil, by quin, si tibi ipsi nihil 
decst, quod in forensibus civilibusquc rebus 
versetur quin sciaa, Cic. II. Esp. A. not to be 
present at; convivio, Cic. B. tofa.il, be wanting, 
not to keep, to leave in the lurch; nullo loco de- 
esse alicui, Cic; sibi, Cic; officio, Cic; non 
deesse, foil, by quin, deesse niihi nolui, quin te 
admouereni, Cic. ; absol., nos consules desumus, 
are wanting in our duty, Cic. 

desumo -sumps! -sumptum, s. to choose, 
select; sibi hostes, Liv. 

desuper, adv. from above, above, Cacs. 

desurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up, 
stand up ; coena, Hor. 

detego -texi -tectum, 3., 1, to uncover, lay 
hare; aedem, Liv.; caput, jVcrg. ; quia possit 
fieri, ut (ilia) patefactaetdetectamutentur, Cic. ; 
2, to detect, disclose, betray; insidias, consilium, 
Liv. ; culpam, Ov. 

detendo (-tendi) -tensum, 3. to unstretcli; 

tabernacula, to strike the tents, Cues. 

detergeo -tersi -tersum, 2. I. to wipe of, 
wipe away ; lacrimas, Ov. ; prime anno LXXX 
deterslmns, got together, Cic II. to cleanse by 
wiping; eloacas, Liv. III. to strip off, break- 
off; l ciuos, Cacs. 

deterior -Mis, genit. -oris, compar. adj., with 
supcrl. deterilmus (connected with dctero), 
worse, ^inferior, poorer; vcetigalia, Caes.; aetas, 
Verg. ; peditatu, weaker, Nep. ; ' homo detcrr- 
imus, Cic. ; neut. subst, in deterins, for the 
worse ; in deterins mutare, Tac 

dcterius, adv. (deterior), worse, in an inferior 
manner; de male Graecis Latino scripta dcterius, 

determinatio-onis, f. (dctermino), abound- 
ary, end; mundi, Cic; transf., orationis, Cic. 

determine 1. to bound, fix the limits of, 
determine. I. Lit, augur regiones ah oriente ad 
occasum determinavit, Liv. II. Transf., id 
quod dicit spiritu non arte deteniiinat, Cic • 

detcro -trivi -tritum, 3. A. Lit., to rub off, 
rub away, wear out; detrita tegmina, Tac B. 
to lessen in strength, to weaken; laudes cgregii 
Caesaris et tuas, Ilor. ; si quid ardoris ac 
; ;ic miles habuit, popinis ct comissation- 
ibus et principis imitatione deteritur, Tac. 

deterreo -terrui -terrltuin, 2. to frighten from 
anything, deter try fear, discourage; 1 homines a 
Bcribendo, Cic; Stolcos de sententia, Cic; ali- 
qucm a dimieatione, Cic. ; aliquem multis verbis 
lie (with subj.), Cacs. ; aliquem non deterrcre quo- 
minus (with subj.), Cic; nihil deterreri quominus, 
etc., Liv.; aliquem non deterrcre quin, etc, 
Caes.; simply with ace, aliquem, Cacs.; with 
ace. of thing, to ward off; vim a censoribus, Liv. 

detestabflis-e (detestor), adj., with compar. 
(detestor), abominable, detestable, horrible ; omen, 
Cic. _ 

detostatio -onis, f. (detestor), 1, cursing, 
execration, horror, detestation, Liv. ; 2, a ward- 
*'"</ °JT, averting ; scelerum, Cic 

detestor, 1. dep. I. 1, relig. t. t., to in- 
toke the curse of a god; ininas periculaque in 
alieuius caput, Liv.; 2, to execrate, (dxm\nqte 



detest; Ambiorigem, Caes.; exitum belli civilis, 
Cic ; partic. perf. (pass.), bella matribus detest- 
ata, Hor. II, Transf., to avert, ward off; o 
dii immortales, avertite et detestamini hoc 
omen, Cic 

dctexo -texui -toxtum, S. A. to plait, make 
by plaiting; aliquid viminibus niollique junco, 
Verg. B. Transf., to finish (of discourse); de- 
texta prope retexere, Cic 

detineo -tinui -ten turn, 2. (de and teneo), to 
hold auuy, hold back, detain. I. Lit., novissimos 
proelio, Caes. ; Romano belloin Italia detineri, 
Liv.; aliquem, Caes. II. Transf., 1, to hold 
fist, fetter ; me grata dctinuit centipede Myrtalc, 
Hor. ; 2, to occupy, engage ; in alieuis nfgotiig 
detineri, Cic; aliquem de or ab aliqua re, to 
detain from; ab circumspectu aliarum rerum, 
Liv.; 3, detinere so, to support existence; se 
misetandis alimentis nonum ad diem, Tac. ; 4, 
to detain possession of property ; pecuniam, Tac. 

dotondeo -tondi -tonsum, 2. to shear, clip 
A. Lit., ciines, Ov. B. Transf., detonsae frig 
ore frondes, made leafless, Ov. 

detono -t5nni, 1. I. Lit., to thunder, thiindei 
down; hie (Juppiter) ubi dctonuit, Ov. II. /< 
cease to thunder, transf. = cease to rage ; duni 
detonet omnis (nubes belli), Verg. 

dctorquco -torsi -tortum, 2. 1, to turn away, 
bend aside; a, lit., ponticuluni, Cic ; liabcnas. 
Verg. ; in dextram partem, Cic ; proram ai| 
undas, Verg.; b, transf., voluptntes animos a 
virtute dctorqucnt, Cic; 2, to twist anything 
out of its pro}>cr shape, distort; corporis partes 
detortae, Cic ; transf., calumniando omnia de- 
torquendoque suspecta et invisa etlicere, Liv. 

dctractio -onis, f. (detraho), a drawing 
away, withdrawal, taking away. I. In a good 
sense, A. Lit., 1, gen., doloris, Cic; 2, esp. 
medic, t. t, a purging, Cic B. Transf., a taking 
away, withdrawal; cuius loci detractionem lieri 
velit, Cic II. taking away (in a bad sense); 
detractio atqtio appetitio alieni, of another per- 
son's property, Cic. 

detracto = detrccto (q.v.). 
detractor -oris, m. (detraho), one who makes 
less, a detractor ; sui, Tac 

detraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to take down, 
A. Lit., aliquem de ourrn, Cic. ; aliquem eqno, 
Liv.; nuiros coloniae, Tac B. Transf., to lower, 
humiliate ; regmn majestatem difflcilius ad niedi- 
am detrain, etc., Liv. II. to take away. A. 
1, lit., alicui de digito anulum, Cic ; torquein 
hosti, Cic ; vestem, Cic ; pellein, Hor. ; 2, 
transf., a, to remove; de liomine sensus, Cic; 
b, milit. t. t., to detach; ex tertia aeie singulas 
cohortes, Caes.; c, numerically, to subtract from 
a sum; de tota sumnia binas quinquagesimas, 
Cic. ; d, tn take away some mental or moral evil 
or good; alicui calamitatem, Cic; detracta 
opillione probitatls, Cic. B. to take away, re- 
vi * in- ; transf., a, inimicuni ex Gallia, Cic; b, 
to compel; aliquem ad banc accusationem, Cic. 
C. to drag away, take from ; 1, lit., spolia hosti um 
teiuplis porticibusque, Liv.; 2, transf., a, alicui 
debituni lionorem, Chj. ; multa desuiscommodis, 
Cic; de honestate et de auctoiitate alieuius, 
Cic ; b, to calumniate, slander; de aliqiw, Cic; 
absol., nbsentibns detrahendi causa maledice 
Contuincliosequc dicere, Cic 

dctrectatio -onis, f. (detrecto), a refusal; 
mil iliac, Liv. 

detrectator -oris, m. (detrccto), a dis- 
parager, detractor; lauduin suaruin, Liv. 

detrecto, l. (de-tracto), 1, to decline, refuse; 
militiam, Caes. ; eertamen, Liv.; 2, todisjxnage, 
detract from, depreciate; virluies, Liv, j bejjf 



det 



167 



dev 



detiirnentosus -a -inn (detrimcntum), 

detrimental, hurtful; ab hoste discedere detri- 
snentosum esse existimabat, Caes. 

dctrlmentum -i, n. (detero), damage, in- 
jury, detriment; a, gen., detrimentum capere 
or accipere or facere, to suffer, Cic. ; alicui oma- 
inento et praesidio non detrimento esse, Caes. ; 
b, polit. t. t., videant (provideaut) consules or 
videat (consul) lie quid rcspublica detrimenti 
capiat or aecipiat, Cic.; c, inilit. t. t., loss, 
defeat; magna detrimenta inferre, Caes.; d, loss 
of money, property, etc. ; aestimando cuiusque 
detrimento quatuor progencri Caesaris delecti, 
Tac. 

detritus -a -uni, partic of detero. 

detrudo -tefisi -trusum, 3. I. Lit., A. Gen. 
to push away, push down, thrust down; naves 
scopulo, Vcrg. ; scutis tegunienta, Caes. B. 
Esp. 1, milit. 1. 1., to dislodge an enemy from his 
position; impetu conari detrudere virum, Liv. ; 
2, legal t. t., to dispossess, eject; ex praedio vi, 
Cic. II. Tran.sf., 1, to force, compel; aliquem 
de sua sententia, Cic. ; 2, to postpone; comitia 
in mensem Maitium, Cic. 

detrunco, 1. 1, to lop or cut off; arbores, 
Liv.; 2, to mutilate, behead; gladio detruueata 
corpora, Liv. 

dcturbo, 1. to drive away with violence, cast 
down. I. Lit., A. Gen., aliquem de tribunali, 
Caes. ; aliquem tabula, Cic. ; alicuius statuam, 
Cic. B. Esp., milit. t. t., to dislodge, drive off; 
nostros de vallo lapidibus, Caes. II. Transf., 
A, to deprive; aliquem de sanitate ac mente, 
Cic ; deturbari ex magna spe, Cic. B. Esp., 
legal t. t., to eject, dispossess; aliquem posses- 
sione, Cic. 

Deucalion -onis, in. (AevxaAiW), son of 
Prometheus, king of Phthia in Tliessuly, was saved 
alone with his wife Pyrrha from the deluge, re- 
peopltd the world by throwing stones behind his 
bach; which stones became men, while the stones 
that Pyrrha threw became women. Adj., Deu- 
calioneus -a -uni, Deuadionian, undae, the 
deluge, Ov. 

deunx -uneis, m. (de and uneia), eleven- 
twelfths of unity ; lieres ex deunce, Cic. 

deuro -ussi -ustum, 3. 1, to burn, down, burn 
utterly; agros vicosque, Liv.; 2, of cold, to 
destroy, nip; liiems arbores duusserat, Liv. 

deus -i, m., nom. plur. dei, dii, and di, 
gonit. deorum or deum, dat. deis, diis, and dis, 
voc. sing, deus (connected with Zev'y), a god, a 
deity. A. Lit., aliquem ut deum colere, Cic; 
dii lioininesque, the whole world, Cic. ; of female 
deities, ducente deo, Venus, Verg. ; nee dextiae 
erranti deus afuit, Allecto, Ov. ; esp. phrases, 
di or dii boni, Cic; (pro) dii immortales, Cic. ; 
pro deum atque honiiuum lidem, Cic. ; dii 
meliora (feraut), Cic. ; si dii volunt, Cic. ; si 
diis placet, Cic. B. Transf., a, of distinguished 
persons, audiamus Platonem quasi quemdam 
deum philosophorum, Cic. ; b, of patrons, pro- 
tectors, etc, P. Lentulus cuius pater deus ac 
parens fortuuae ac noininis mei, Cic. 

deutor -uti -Qsus, 3. dep. to misuse, Sep. 

devasto, 1. to lay waste, devastate; agrum, 
fines, Liv. 

deveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to bear, carry away, 
convey away; legionem equis, Caes.; fiuuientum 
in Graeciam, Liv.; pass., used as middle, devehi 
(sc. navi), to sail; Veliam devectus, Cic. 

dcvcllo -velli -vulsum, 3. to pull, pluclc, tear 
away; ranimn trunco, Ov. 

develo, 1. to unveil, uncover; ora, Ov. 

dev&neror, 1. dep. to yeiieratCj worship; 
tfws cvsni proce, Ov, 



devenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come lo,arrivt 
at, reach. I. Lit., ad senatuui, Cic; poet, with 
ace, speluncain, S 7 erg. II. Transf., in victoris 
maims, Cic; ad juris studiuui, Cic; in medium 
certamen, Cic. 

1. deversor, 1. dep. to lodge as a guest or 
stranger; apud aliquem, Cic; ill ea domo, Cic; 
absol., parum laute, Cic. • . 

2. deversor -Oris, m. (deverto), a guest, Cic 
deversdriolum -i, n. (dim. of deversorium), 

a small lodging, Cic. 

deversorius -a -uni (deverto), relating to 
the accommodation of strangers ; taberna, Plaut. 
Subst, deversorium -ii, n. an inn, lodging; 
peropportununi, Cic; emere deversorium Tar- 
racinae, Cic. ; transf., a place of resort, resting- 
place; studiorum deversorium esse non libidi- 
iium_, Cic. 

deverticulum (devortieulum) -i, n. (de- 
verto). I. A. Lit., a by-way, ~by-palh; quae 
deverticula llexionesque quaesivisti, Cic. B. 
Transf., a digression, Liv. II. a, an inn, lodg- 
ing-place, Liv. ; b, a place of refuge, hiding- 
place, Cic. 

deverto (devorto) -verti (-vorti) -versum 
(-vorsum), 3. • I. Transit., pass, (in jireseut 
tenses), devertor, with middle signilication, to 
turn aside from the way, betake oneself; si qui 
Ebromagodeverterentur, Cic; esp. to stay, lodge; 
ut locum publice pararet, ubideverteretur, Liv.; 
iig., quid ad magieas deverteris aites, have re- 
course to, Ov. II. Inlransit, to turn aside; a, 
cum perpaucia via, Liv. ; transf., of discourse, 
to digress ; redeamus ad illud unde devertimus, 
Cic; b, to lodge, stay with, go to ; ad hospitem, 
Cic. ; ad villain alicuius, Cic 

devexus -a -iiib, adj. with compar. (de and 
veho), going aside. I. Of motion, moving away 
from, rolling from; a, of space, amnis devexus 
ab Indis, Hor. ; Orion devexus, sinking, Hor. ; 
b, of time, aetas jam a diuturnis laboribus de- 
vexa ad otium, inclining to, Cic. II. Of posi- 
tion, sloping downwards, slielving, steep; lueus 
devexus in novam viain, Cic. •-• 

devincio -vinxi -vinctum, 4. to bind, tie 
fast. A. Lit., aliquem fasciis, Cic. B. Transf., 
to bind, fasten, connect; a, gen., illud vinculum 
quod primum homines inter se reipublicao 
societate devinxit, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t, to con- 
nect ; verba comprehensioiie, Cic. ; c, to fetter, 
bind (by power, eloquence, etc.); urbom prae- 
sidiis, Cic ; animos eoium, qui audiant, volup- 
tate, Cic. ; d, morally, to bind, pledge; aliquem 
beneficio, Cic. ; se scelere, Cic . 

deviuco -vlci -victum, 3. X. to conquer 
thoroughly, subjugate; Galliam Germaniamque, 
Caes. ; Poenos classe, Cic. II. Transf., Catonis 
sententia devicit, ut in decreto perstaretur, Liv. 

devinctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from devincio), 
bound to, devoted to; iis studiis, Cic; devinctior 
alicui; Hor. 

devitatio -5nis, f. (devito), an avoiding; 
legionum, Cic. 

devito, 1. to avoid; procellam, Cic; dolor- 
ein, Cic. 

devius -a -um (de and via). A. Lit., a, 
removed from the straight roadj out of the way ; 
iter, Cic; oppidum, Cic; b," living'oui of the 
way, retired, secluded; devia et silvestris gens, 
Liv. ; esse devios, Cic; poet., wandering; mihi 
devio, Hor.; uxores, goats, Hor. B. Transf., 
out of the way, erroneous, unreasonable; homo 
in omnibus consiliis praeceps et devius, Cic. 

devoco, 1. I. to call down ; suos ab tumulo, 
Liv. ; Jovcm deosque ad auxilium, Liv. ; transf., 
pjiilosophiam e caelo, Cic, H, to call away. caU 



aev 



16S 



die 



off, recall; aliqucin dc provincia ad gloriam, 
Cic. ; trausf., non avaritia ab instituto cursu ad 
praedam aliquam devocavit, Cic. ; sese suas 
exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocat- 
urum, Caes. 

devolo, 1. I. to fly down. A. Lit., per cael- 
um, (of Iris), Verg. B. Transf., to hasten down; 
alii praecipites in forum dcvolant, Liv. II. to fly 
away to. A. Lit., turdus devolat illuc, ubi, etc., 
Hor. B. Transf., ad florentem (aiuicitiam), Cic. 

devolve -volvl -vdlutuin, 3. A. Lit. a, to 
roll down ; saxa : ■ muscDlum, Caes. ; corpora in 
liuinura, Ov. ; pass, with middle signification, 
to roll down, fall Iveadlong ; veluti monte prae- 
cipiti devolutus torrens, Liv. ; b, to roll off; 
pensa fusis, to spin off, Verg. B. Transf., per 
audaces nova dithyrambos verba, Hor.; pass., 
devolvi as middle, to fall into; ad spem estis 
inanem pacis devoluti, Cic. 

devdro, l. I. Lit., to swallow, gulp down, 
demur; id quod devoratur, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
Of persons, a, of property, to consume, vxiste; 
pecuniam publicum, Cic. ; patrimonium, Cic; 
b, to swallow, suppress; lacriiuas, Ov. ; c, to 
devour, consume; devorarespeetopinione praed- 
am, Cic. ; d, to devour eagerly mentally ; illos 
libros, Cic. ; e, to swallow down, hear without 
understanding ; eius oratio a multitudine et a 
foro deVorabatur, Cic. ; f, to swallow anything 
unpleasant, to endure; hominum ineptias ac 
itultitlas, Cic. B. Of things, me Zauclaea 
Charybdis devoret, Ov. 

devorticulum, v. devertieulum. 

devortlum -ii, n. (deverto), a by-way, by- 
vath ; itinerum, Tac. 

devotio -6nis, f. (devoveo), 1, a consecrating, 
devoting (esp. to tlie infernal gods) ; vitae or 
capitis, Cic ; P. Decii consulis, Liv. ; plur. 
beciol-um devotiones, Cic. ; 2, a curse, Nep., 
espi an enchantment, an incantation, Tac. ; 3, 
1 vow ; eius devotionis esse convictum, Cic. 

devoto, 1. (intens. of devoveo), to consecrate, 
devote to death ; quae vis patrem Deeium, quae 
fllium devotavit, Cic. 

devdtus a -mn, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (devoveo), devoted; 1, to the infern;tl 
gods, accursed; arbor, sanguis, Hor. ; 2, devoted 
to any one, faithful, affectionate; cliens, Juv. ; 
«!Ubst., dcvotl -drum, m. faithful followers, Caes. 

devdveo -vovi -votum, 2. to consecrate, de- 
vote. I. Kelig. t. t., to d*vote to a deity, 
A. Gen., Diauae quod in suo regno pulcher- 
rimuin natum esset, Cic. ; Marti ea quae cep- 
erunt, Caes. B. Esp. 1, to devote to the infernal 
gods, to devote to death; se diis iinmortalibus pro 
republica, Cic ; devota corpora (Deciorum), 
Liv.; 2, a, to-evrse, execrate; aliquein, Nep. ; b, 
to bewitch, enchant, Tib. II. Transf., 1, to devote, 
give up ; devovere animam alicui, for another, 
Verg. ; 2, se devovere ulicui or alicui rei, to de- 
vote, attach oneself; se alicuius amicitiae, Caes. 

dextans -antis, m. (de and sextans), five- 
sixths, Suet. 

dextella -ae, f. (dim. of dextra), a little 
right hand; Quintus tilius Antonii est dextella, 
Cic. 

doxtcr -tfra-terum, or more freq. -tra -hum, 
eoiup. dexterfor -Ius, superl. dextlmas -a 
-urn (Se!;mp6s). I, Lit, A. Adj., right, on, the 
right hand, on the right side; manus, Cic; latus, 
Hor. ; ab dextra parte, Caes. ; iota dexterior, 
Ov. B. Subst., 1, dextera or dextra -ae, 
f. (sc manus), the right luind; a, lit., ad dex- 
trara, to the right, Cic. ; a dextra, on the right, 
Caes. ; dextera or dextra, nn the right, Cnes. ; 
dextrnrn dare, to give the right hand (as pledge 
of faith), Liv..: b, tig. (a) fidelity; dominorum 



dextras fallere, fidelity toimrds masters, Verg.' 
(/3) dextram alicui tendere or porrigere, to Zip/;; 
Cic. ; (-y) mea dextra, by my rigid hand, i.e., 
power, bravery, Ov., Hor.; 2, dextera or 
dextra -orum, n. what is on the right, the right 
side, Cic II. Transf., a, propitious; dexter 
adi, Verg. ; b, skilful; rem dexter egit, Liv. 

dextere or dextre, adv. with compar. 
(dexter), dexterously, skilfully ; apud regem, lib- 
eraliter dextreque obire officia, Liv. 

dexteritaa -atis, f. (dexter), sinfulness, 

dexterity, readiness, Liv. 

dextrorsum and dextrbrsus,adv. (from 
dextrovorsum), on the right hand, towards the. 
right, Hor. 

Pia -ae, f. (Aia), old name of the island of 

Naxos. 

Diablintes -urn and Diablinti -orum, m, 
people in Gallia Lngdunensis, in what is now Dip. 

de la Maine. 

diadema -atis, n, (Siding a), n royal head- 
dress, diadem; diadeina alicui or capiti alicuius 
imponere, Cic ; diadema ponere, Cic. 

diaet.a -ae, f. (Siaira), a way of living pre- 
scribed by a physician, regimen, diet ; sed ego 
diaeta curare incipio ; chirurgiae taedet, Cic. 

DIag6ras -ae, m. (Ata-ydpas), 1, a poet und 
philosopher of Melos, contemporary with Pindar 
and Simonides; 2, an athlete of Rhodes, contem- 
porary with Pindar. 

1. di&lectlce, adv. (dialecticus), dialecti- 
cally, Cic. 

2. dialectice -5s, f. (StaXeKTiKij sc. Te'x^), 
the art of dialectic, logic. 

dialecticus -a -um (SiaKeKTiKos) relating to 
discussion, dkdectical; captiones, Cic; subst., 
a, dialectica -ae f. (sc. ars), the art of dia- 
lectic, Cic. ; b, dialectica -orum, n. dialecti- 
cal discussion, Cic. ; c, dialecticus -i, m. a 
dialectician, logician, Cic 

Dialis -e (Ais = " Dis in Diespiter), relating 
to Jupiter; flamen, Liv. ; or simply Dialis, Tac, 
the priest of Jupiter; conjux sancta, the wife of 
the priest of Jupiter, Ov. 

dialdgUS -i, m. (iidXoyos), a philosophical 

dialogue or conversation, Cic 

Diana -ae, f. (old form for Jana, or imairg = thc 
daughter of Zeus, orig. Diviana — Diva Jana), an 
Italian goddess, identified with the. Creek Artemis, 
daughter of Jupiter and Latona, sister of Apollo, 
the virgin goddess of the moon and of hunting, 
tria Virginia ora Dianae, the three forms of Diana; 
Luna in, heaven, Diana on earth, Hecate in the 
lower world, Verg. ; meton the moon, Ov. ; the 
chase, Mart. Adj. Dianlns -u -um, belonging 
to Diana, Ov. Subst, Dianium -Ii, n. a, a 
place dedicated to Diana; b, a promontory in 
Spain, now Denia, Cic. 

dlarlum -ii, n. (dies), a day's allowance of 
provisions for soldiers, Cic ; slaves, Hor. 

dib&phus -um (later) -a -um (diftafyos), double* 
dyed; purpura, Plin. Subst, dibaphus -i, f. 
(sc vestis), the purple-striped robe, of the higher 
magistrates at Borne ; Curtius dibaphum cogitat, 
is longing for office, Cic 

dlca -ae, f. (Siio;), « law-suit, action in a 
Greek court; dicani scribere alicui, to bring an. 
action against, Cic. ; dicam sortiri, to select the 
jury by lot, Cic. 

dlcacitas -atis, f. (dicax), jiungent wit,satirc, 
raillery, Cic. 

dicatio -onis, f. (1. dico), settling as a citizen 
in another state, Cic. 

djfcax -acis, adj. with compar. and supetj. 



QIC 



169 



did 



(J: diCo), witly, satirical, ironical, sarcastic; De- 
mosthenes non tarn dicax fuitquam facetus, Cic. 

dichoreus -i, m. v 6ixopetos), a double trochee, 
Cic. 

dicia, genit. (from unused nom. dix, from 
dico), found only in the phrases, dicis causa, 
dicis gratia, for form's sake, for appearance sake, 
Cic. 

1. dico, 1. (intens. of 2. dico). A. Lit., a, 
religious t. t., to consecrate, dedicate, devote 
to the gods ; donum Jovi dicatum, Cic. ; aram, 
Jovi, Liv. ; templum, Ov. ; b, to deify, place 
among the gods ; inter numina dicatus Augustus, 
^Tac. B. Transf., a, to devote, give up to; hunc 
totum diem tibi, Cic. ; b, se alicui, to devote one- 
self to ; se Crasso, Cic. ; se alicui in clientelam, 
Cacs. ; se civitati or in civitatem, to become a 
citizen of another state, Cic. 
•yC 2. dico, dixi, dictum, 3. (root DIC or DEC, 
whence also dic-nus (dignus), dec-eo, 6'eoo'v/ii), 
to say, relate, tell, mention. L Gen., ille, quern 
dixi, he whom I have mentioned, Cic. ; ilia quae 
dixi, Cic. ; Hilarum dico, / mean Hilarus, Cic. ;, 
ne dicain, not to say ; crudelem ne dicam scelerat- 
um, Cic; dicet aliquis, one might say, Cic. ; nisi 
quid dicis, if you have nothing to say against it, 
Cic. ; causam, to plead a cause, answer an ac- 
cusation, Cic. ; causas in foro, to plead as an ad- 
vocate, Cic. ; jus dicere, to administer justice, Cic. ; 
sententiam (of a senator), to vote, Cic. ; ut dixi, 
Cic. ; ut dictum est, Caes. ; foil, by ut or ne and 
the subj., to command, Cic. ; pass., dicor, diceris, 
dicitur, etc., it is said, the report is; with nom. 
and infln., Aesculapius dicitur obligavisse, Cic. ; 
• dicto citius, quicker than can be said, in a trice, 
Verg. II. Esp. a (intransit.), to speak, deliver an 
oration ; ars dicendi, the art of eloquence, Cic. ; 
dicere pro reo, Cic. ; contra aliquem pro aliquo 
apud centum viros, Cic; b, to name, call; 
oibis qui kvkAos Graece dicitur, Cic ; with ace 
of name, cui Ascanius parentes dixere nomen, 
Liv. ; with double ace, quern dixere chaos, Ov. ; 
C, to sing, describe, celebrate in verse, compose; 
versus, carme», Verg., Hor. ; carrnina in im- 
pcratoiem, Liv. ; alicuius facta, Verg. ; d, to 
nominate, appoint; dictatorem et magistrum 
equitum, Cic. ; with double ace, aliquem dictat- 
orem, Caes. ; e,to fix, appoint, settle; diemoperi, 
Cic. ; f , to say yes, affirm (opp. nego) ; quern esse 
negas, eundem esse dico, Cic. (syncop. perf. 
dixti = dixisti, Cie, Ov.). 

dicrotum -i, n. (SUpoTov), a vessel having 
two banks of oars, Cic. 

dictamnum -i, n. and diotamnus -i, f. 

(6i'«Taju.i/oi/ and -os), dittany, a plant found on 
Mount Dicte and Mount Ida (Origanum dict- 
amnum, Linn.), Cic. 

dictata -orum, n. (dicto), that which is dic- 
tated by a teacher, precepts, rules; iisdem de 
rebus semper_quasi dictata decantare, Cic. 

dictator -oris, m. (dicto). I. a commander, 
dictator; a, the chief magistrate in the Latin 
towns, Cic, Liv. ; b, in Rome, dictator, an ex- 
traordinary magistrate, elected in times of great 
emergency for six months, superseding all other 
magistrates, and armed with absolute power. II. 
Transf., the chief magistrate of Carthage, a suffete, 
Liv. 

dictatorius -a -um (dictator), relating or 
belonging to a dictator, dictatorial; gladius, Cie; 
invidia, against the dictator, Liv. ; juvenis, son 
of the dictator, Liv. 

dictatura -ae, f. (dictator), the office of dic- 
tator, dictatorship J dictaturam gerere, Cic. ; 
dictatura se abdicare, Caes. ; dictaturam abdic- 
are, Liv. 

Dicto -es, f. (Ai'ktjj), a mountain in Crete on 
which Jupiter was reared: adj., Dictaeus -a 

6* ' 



-um, arVUj Cretan, Verg. ; rex* Jupiter, Verg. ; 
Minos, Ov. 

diotio -Cm is, f. (2. dioo). I. Gen., A. a say- 
ing, speaking, uttering ; sententiae, Cie; causae,. 
defence, Cic. ; mnltae, fixing, Cie. B. Meton., 

a, the answer of an oracle, Liv. ; b, eonwrsation, 
Tac. II. Esp. A. declamation, elocution ; dicti- 
oni operam dare, Cic. B. Meton., 1, a speech; 
dictiones subitae, extemporised, Cic. ; 2, diction ; 
Attica, Cie 

dictlto, 1. (freq. of 2. dico), 1, to say often ; 
reiterate, assert repeatedly ; ut dictitabat, Caes. ; 
quod levissimi ex Graecis dictitare solent, Liv.; 
with ace and infln., Catilinam Massiliam ire, 
Cic. ; with double ace, aliquem sanum recteqne 
valentem, Hor. ; 2, esp. dictitare causas, to plead 
causes frequently, Cie 

dicto, 1. (intens. of 2. dico), to reiterate, re- 
peat, say often, to dictate to an amanuensis, pupil, 
etc. ; quod non modo tironi dictare, sed ne ipse 
quidem auderem scribere, Cie; epistolam, Cie; 
versus, Hor. ; carrnina Livii, Hor. 

dictum -i, n. (2. dico), a word, saying, speech. 
I. Gen., nullum meum dictum, non modo fac- 
tum, intercessit, quod, etc., Cie; dicta tristia, 
complaints, wailing, Ov. ; mutua dicta reddere, 
to converse, Liv. II. Esp., 1, a maxim, sentence, 
saying ; Catonis est dictum, it is a maxim of 
Cato's, Cic. ; 2, a witty saying, a bon-mot; dicta 
dicere in aliquem, Cic. ; 3, a command, order ; 
dicto paruit consul, Liv. ; 4, watch-icord, pass- 
word, Nep. 

Dictynna -ae, f. (AiKruwa), surname of Ar- 
temis. Hence, Dictynneum -i, n. temple of 
Artemis Dictynna, near Sparta. 

1. Dido -us or (gen.) -onis, f. (AiW), the 
founder of Carthage, daughter of Belus, king of 
Tyre, sister of PuprnaUon, wife of Sichaeus ; also 
called Elisa or Elissa. 

2. dido, dldldi, didltum, 3. (dis and do), a, 
to divide, distribute; dum mania didit, Hor.; 

b, to spread, disseminate; dlditur hie subito 
Trnjana per ngmina rumor, Verg. ' 

diduco -duxi -ductum, 3. (dis and duco). 
I. to draw apart, stretch out, expand; pugnum, 
Cic. ; rictum, Hor. ; fores, Tac. II. to separate, 
divide. A. Gen.. 1, a, assem in partes cent- 
um, Hor. ; b, milit. 1. 1. (o) to divide, distribute; 
aciem in cornua, Liv. ; (J3) to scatter the enemy, 
disperse ; adversariorum manus, Caes. ; 2, transf., 
oratio rivis diducta est, non fontibus, Cic. ; vast- 
ius diduenntur. verba, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to se- 
parate forcibly ; aliquem ab aliquo, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
animus varietate rerum diductus, distracted, Cic. 

diductio -onis, f. (diduco), a separating, Cic. 

diecula -ae, f. (dim. of dies), a little day; 
dieculam ducere, Cic. 

dies -ei, m. and f. in sing, (in Cic. fern, only 
when it applies to a fixed time or period of time 
or in the date of a letter), in plur. only mase 
I. Gen., A. Lit., d day; hesterno, hodierno, 
crastino die, Cic; postero die, Cic; postera die, 
Sail. ; diem de die,' Liv., or diem ex die, Caes., 
from day to day ; in dies, daily, Cic. ; ad diem or 
ad certain diem, for the appointed day, Caes. ; 
inulto die, late in the day, Caes. ; ad multum 
diem or ad multum diei, till late in the day, Liv. ; 
bis in die, twice a day, Cie. ; die et nocte, a day 
and a night, Cic. ; noctes et dies, night and day, 
Cic. ; so diem noctem, Cie B. Meton., the 
business or events of the day ; diei poenas dare, 
Cie ; exercere diem, the day's work, Verg. ; day- 
light, Verg. ; transf., videre diem, to see the light 
of day, Ov. ; a day's march ; diemm plus tri- 
giuta iu longitudinem patere, Liv. II. Esp., 
A. 1, gen., a fixed day or time; pecuniae, pay-day, 
Cic; prodicere, to put off a fixed day, Liv.; diem 



Die 170 

ex die ducerc, to put off from one. day to another, 
Caes. ; diein perexignam postulavi, Cic ; diem 
obire, to wait for, Cic. ; alios non solvere, ali- 
oruin diem nondum esse, day for payment not 
arrived, Cic; 2, esp., birthday ; dies meus, Cic; 
3, the day of death ; obire diem snpremum, 
Nep. ; 4. date of a letter; in altera dies erat 
aseripta Nonarum Aprilium, etc, Cic. B. time ; 
\uod est dies allatura, Cic 

Diespiter -tris, in. (Umbrian = Aij nanjp), 
J-ttpiter, Hdr. 

diffamo, 1. (dis and fama); to spread abroad 
an evil repoi-t, to defame ; viros illustres procac- 
ibus scriptis, Tac. 

differens -entis, v. differo. - 

differentla -ae, f. (differo), difference, dis- 
tinction.; honesti et deeori, Cic. 

differltas -Stis, f. (differo), difference, Lucr. 

differo, distflli, diiatum, differre, 2. (dis and 
fero). I. Transit., A. to carry in different direc- 
tions, spread abroad, scatter; 1, lit, nlnos in 
versum, to plant, Verg. ; ignem, to spread, Caes. ; 2, 
transf. , a, (a) rumorem, to spread, Li v. ; 03) aliquem 
variis nmioribus, to malign, Tac. ; b, of time, 
to put off, delay, postpone ; tempus, Cic. ; bellum, 
Liv.; aliquem in tempus aliud, Cic; rem in 
aliud tempus, Caes. ; se differre, to tarry, Ov. ; 
with infin., nee differret obsides ab Arretinis 
accipere, Liv. B. to separate violently, disperse, 
Katter ; aquilo dilfert nubila, Verg.; classem 
Cis venti distulit, Hor. II, Intransit. (without 
perf. or supine), to differ, be different; inter se, 
Cic ; ab aliquo or ab aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliqua 
re, Cic. ; nihil dilfert inter deiim et deum, Cic 

differtus -a -urn (dis and farcio), stuffed full, 
crammed, full ; provincia dili'erta praefectis atque 
exactoribus, Caes. 

diff icllis -e, adj. with compar. and superl. 
(dis and faoilis), difficult. A. Lit., res arduae 
ac difflciles, Cic. ; of places, diffiadt, dangerous ; 
Iter, Sail. ; aditus, Caes. ; of time, critical, dan- 
gerous ; tempus anni diflicilliinum, Cic ; est 
difficile with infin., est difficile confundere, Cic; 
with ad, difflcilius ad eloqueiidum, Cic. B. 
Transf., of character, hard to'piease, surly, morose, 
captious, obstinate; parens in liberos diflicilis, 
Cic. ; difflcilis alicui, Liv. 

difficiliter, adv. with compar. difficIHus 
and superl. ditfiellllme (difflcilis), with difficulty, 
Cic 

diff icultas -atis, f. (difflcilis), difficulty, need, 
peril, trouble, distress. A. Lit, dicendi, navig- 
andi,Cic; looi,Sall.; magnamhaecCaesari difll- 
cultatem ad consilium atferebat si, etc, Caes. ; 
nuinmaria, pecuniary embarrassment, Cic; do- 
mestica, distressed circumstances, Cic. B. Transt. , 
obstinacy, moroseness, Cic 

difficulte'r, adv. (difflcilis), with difficulty, 
Caes. 

diffidens, p. adj. (diffldc). distrustful, dif- 
fident, Sail. 

diffidenter, adv. (diffidens), diffidently, 
without confidence; altera timide et diffldenter 
attingere, Cic. 

dlffidentfa -ae, f. (diffidens), want of con- 
fidence, diffidence, distrust, despair; fidentiae con- 
trarium est diffldentia, Cic. ; diffidentiam rei 
siinulare, Sail. 

diffido -f isus smn, 3. (dis and fldo), to have 
no confidence, mistrust, be hopeless, despair ; sibi, 
Cic; suis -rebus, Caes.; vii-tut' milituin, Sail.; 
with ace. 8ml infin., rem posse confici diffido, 
Cic. ; absol., Jacet, diftidit, abjecit hastas, Cic. 

diffindo -fTdi -flssum, 3. (dis and findo), to 
split, cleave. A. Lit, saxum, Cic; portas miin- 
eribus, open, Hor. B. Transf., a, eqnidem 



dig 

nihil hnic difflndere possum, / hare nothing to 
say against your opinion, I must agree to it, Hor.; 
b, legal t. t, diem, to' postpone, Liv. 

diffingo -finxi -Actum, 3. (dis and fingo), to 
form again, forge anew; ferritin incude, Hor.; 
tig., to change, Hor. 

diffiteor -eri, 2. dep. (dis and fateor), to 
deny, disavow, Ov. 

diffluo -fluxi -fluxum, 3. (dis and fluo). A. 
Lit, to flow in different directions; ut nos quasi 
extra ripas difthientes coerceret, Cic. B. a, 
juvenes sndore dillluentes, dripping with sweat, 
Phaedr. ; transf., otio, to give oneself up to, Cic. ; 
luxnria, Cic; b, to dissolve, melt away ; cliltiuit 
acervus, Lucr.; transf., uti per socordiam vires, 
tempus, ingenium dillluxere, Sail. 

diffugio -fiigi -fugltum, 3. (dis and fugio), to 
fly Apart, fly in different directions, to disperse; 
metu perterriti repente diffugimtis, Cic. 

diffuglum -li, n. (diffugio), a dispiersion, Tac. 

diffundo -ffuli -fiisum, 3. (dis and fundo). 
I. Lit, A. to pour out on all sides, pour forth ; 
vina, Hor.; sanguis. per venas in oinne corpus 
diffunditur, Cic B, to spread, scatter, diffuse; 
pass., diffundi, used as middle, lux diffusa toto 
caelo, Cic ; diffusis capillis, Ov. II. Transf., 
A. Gen., Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et 
tribus et gens per Latium, spread abroad, Verg.; 
error longe lateque diffusus, Cic B. Esp., to 
h tighten up, gladden; diffundere aminos niuiieic 
Bacchi, Ov.; ut bonis amici quasi ditfundantur 
et incominodis contrahantur, Cic. 

diffuse, adv. (diffusus), copiously, diffusely; 
dicere aliquid, Cic 

diffusilis -e (diffundo), easily extending 
itself, diffusive; aether, Lucr. 

diffusus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (dif- 
fundo), spread out, extensive, wide. A. Lit., 
platanus diffusa ramis, Cic. B. Transf., jus 
civile quod nunc diffusum (prolix) et dissipatum 
est, in certa genera coacturum, Cic 

digamma, n. indecl. (SCyan^a), or digam- 
ma -ae, f., or digammon -i, n. (Siyafinov) or 
digammos -i, f. I. the Aeolic digamma (F). 
IL (In jest) = rental or investment book, from 
P, the first letter of Fenus ; tuum digamma 
yideram, Cic. 

Digentia -ae, f. a brook flowing through 
Horace's estate into tlie Anio, now Liccnza. 

digero -gessi -gestum, 3. (dis and gero), to 
cuitij ajKirt in different directions, to se)viratr, 
sunder, divide. I. Lit, 1, to plant out ; vacuos 
si sit digesta per agios (arbor), Verg. ; 2, to ar- 
range, fiut in order; capillos, Ov. II. Transf., 
1, to divide : septem digestus in cornua Nilus, 
Ov. I 2, to arrange; jus civile in genera, Cic; 
reinpublicam bene, Cic ; nomina in codicem 
accepti et expensi, Cic. ; 3, to cauit; qui matiis 
digerit aunos, Ov. 

digestio -onis, f. (digero), rhet. fig. = ^epio-- 
/j(5?, distribution, Cic 

digestus -a -um, v. digero. 

digitulus -i, m. (dim. of digitus), a little 
finger, Cic. 

digitus -i, m. (conn, with Je'x°' lai )- I. Lit. 
A the finger ; pollex, the thumb, Caes.; index, 
Hor. ; digitos comprimere pugiiuiuque fatere, 
Cic. ; digitos extendere, Cic ; concrepare digitis, 
Cic. ; digito se caelum attigisse putare, to think 
himself almost in heaven, Cic ; tnos digitos novi. 
thy skill in counting, Cic. ; liceri digito, Cic ; 
tollere digitum, to raise the finger as a sign of a 
bid at an auction, Cic; ne digitum quidein ali- 
Ctlius rei causa porrigrre, not to move a finger, 
Cic. ; digito aliquem attingere, to touch gently, 



dig 



171 



dil 



Cic. ; primoribus labris gustasse hoc genus vitae 
et extremis, ut dioitur, digitis attigisse, Cic. 
B. the toe ; insistere digitis, to tread on the toes, 
Ov ; constitit in digitos arrectus, Verg. II. 
Meton., as a measure, a finger's breadth, an 
inch, the sixteenth part of a Soman foot ; quatuor 
patens digitus, Caes. ; prov., ab hau (regula) 
niilii non lieet ttansversum, ut aiunt, digitum 
discedere, Cic. 

digladior, 1. dep. (dis and gladius). A. 
Lit., to fight for life and death, struggle fiercely ; 
inter sesieis, Cic B. Transf., to dispute in words; 
inter se de aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic. 

dignatio -onis, f. (dignor), dignity, reputa- 
tion, honour, Liv. 

dignc, adv. (dignus), worthily ; quis de tali 
cive satis digue umquaiu loquetur? Cic. 

dignitas -atis, f.'(dignus). I. worth, worthi- 
ness, merit ; honos dignitate inipetratus, Cic. II. 
Meton. A. the consequence of worth; 1, esteem, 
reputation, honour ; a. civitatis dignitatem et 
decus sustiuere, Cic. ; b, rank in the state, posi- 
tion; altus dignitatis gradus, Cic; aliquem ad 
suminam dignitatem perducere, Caes.; c, an 
office of honour, Cic. ; d, dignitates, men of rank 
and position, Cic; 2, honour, dignity; agere 
cum dignitate, Cic. B. Transt'., of things that 
bring honour, a, of persons, a dignified, seemly 
exterior; in formis aliis dignitatem esse, aliis 
venustatem, Cic; b, of buildings, etc., impos- 
ing appearance; porticus, Cic; c, of expres- 
sion, dignity; orationis, Tac. 

digno, 1. to consider worthy ; quae consimili 
lande dignentur, Cic 

dignor, 1. dep. (dignus), 1, to consider worthy ; 
baud equidem tali me dignor honore, Verg. ; 2, 
to regard as worthy of oneself, to deign, and with 
a neg., to disdain, Verg. 

dignosco -novi, 3. (dis and nosco), 3. to 
recognise as different, to distinguish ; rectum 
curvo, Hot. ; non civem hoste, Hor. ; geiuinos 
inter se similes vix dignoscere posse, Ov. 

dignus -a -inn, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (dic-nus, root JDIC or DEK, whence 
deceo), worthy, deserving. I. With abl. laude, 
Cic. ; niemoria, Cic. ; with supine, dictu, Liv. ; 
followed by a relative, qui aliquando imperet 
dignus, worthy to command, Cic. ; with ut and 
the subj., quos ut socios habercs dignos duxis.ti, 
Liv.; poet, with infin., puer cantavi dignus, 
Verg. ; with ad, amicus dignus huic ad imitand- 
um, Cic. ; absol., diligere non dignos, Cic. II. 
Transf., worthy of a person or thing, becoming, 
suitable, fitting; with abl., facere quid docto 
homine et aniico dignum fuerit, Cic. ; with pro, 
quidnam pro ofl'ensione hominum dignum eloqui 
possiin, Cic; absol., fitting, suitable, sufficient ; 
qui maeror dignus in tanta calamitate inveniri 
potest, Cic ; dignum est, foil, by infin. or ace 
with infin., Cic. 

digredior -gressus sum -gr&li, (dis and 
gradior), '.',. dep. A. Lit., to go apart, go asunder, 
separate, depart; luna turn congrecliens cum 
.sole, turn digrediens, Cic; ab aliquo, Cic; a 
Corcyra, Liv. ; ex loco, Caes. ; in urbem, Tac ; 
via, Liv.; B. Transf., to deviate; a, de causa, 
Cic ; a causa, Cic. ; b, of discourse, to digress ; 
digredi ab eo quod proposueris, Cic 

digressio -onis, f. (digredior), II, a separa- 
tion, departure, Cic ; 2, a digression in dis- 
course ; a proposita oratione, Cic. 

digressus -us, m. (digredior), a separation, 
departure ; digressus et discessus, Cic. ; digress- 
us (luuae a sole), Cic. 

dijudicatio -onis, f. (dijudico), an adjudi- 
saliun v decision, Cic. 



dijudico, 1. (dis and judieo) ; 1, to decide, 
adjudicate, determine; controversiain, Cic; lit- 
em, Hor.; to decide by arms; dijudieata belli 
fortuna, Caes. ; 2, to distinguish, discern a differ- 
ence ; vera et falsa, Cic ; vera a J'alsis dijudicare 
et distinguere, Cic. 

dijun ... v. disjun . . . 

dilabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. (dis and labor). 

1. tu glide apart. A. Lit., a, of houses, bodies, 
etc., to fall to pieces, fall down ; aedis Jon vet- 
ustate dilapsa, Liv. ; b, of fluids, to melt, dis- 
solve, disappear ; eadeni (aqua conglaciata) ad- 
niixto colore liquefacta et dilapsa, Cic B. 
Transf., to Jail to decay, be ruined, disappear; 
rem faniiliarem dilabi sinere, Cic. ; dilapsa esse 
robora corporum animorumque,' Liv. II. to 
glide away from. A. Lit., to slip away, esp. of 
soldiers, to escape, disappear; exercitus brevi 
dilabitur, Sail. ; nocte in sua tecta, Liv. ; of 
rivers, to glide away ; Fibrenus rapide dilapsus, 
Cic B." Transf., to vanish, disappear; 1, sunt 
alii plures fortasse sed de mea niemoria dilab- 
untur, Cic. ; 2, esp. of time, to go by ; dilapso 
tempore, Sail. 

dilacero, 1. (dis and lacero), to tear in 
pieces. A. Lit, aliquem, Ov. B. Transf., rem- 
publicam, Cic. 

dilamino, 1. (dis and lamina), to split intuv, 
Ov. 

dilanio, 1. (dis and lanio), to tear in pieces ; 
cadaver, Cic 

dilargior, 4. dep. (dis and largiorV to lavish 
abroad, give liberally ; qui omnia quibus voluit 
dilargitus est, Cic. 

dilatio -Onis, f. (differo), a putting off, delay- 
ing, postponing; temporis, Cic; belli, Liv.; 
sine dilatione. Liv. ; res dilationem non recipit 
or non patitur, Liv. 

dilato (dis and latus), 1. to spread out, ex- 
tend. I. Lit., manuin, Cic; aciem, Liv. II, 
Transf., A. Gen., noineii in contiuentibus terris, 
Cic ; legem in ordinem cunctuin, to extend, Cic 
B. Esp. 1, litteras, to pronounce broadly, Cic. ; 

2, of speech, to enlarge, amplify ; orationem, Cic. 
dilator -oris, m. (differo), a dilatory person, 

a loiterer, Hor. 

dilatus, v. differo. 

dilaudo, 1. (dis and laudo), to praise highly ; 
libros, Cic. 

1. dilectus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from diligo), beloved, dear ; dilecti tibi 
poetae, Hor. 

2. dilectus -us = delectus (q.v.). 

diligens -eutis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from diligo). I. Gen., assiduous, accur- 
ate, careful, sedulous, diligent (opp. negligens), 
a, of persons, omnibus in rebus, Cic. ; with 
genit., diligentissiinus onmis officii, Cic. ; with 
Sat., Corinthios publicis equis assiguandis fuissa 
diligentes, Cic; with ad and the gerund, ad 
custodiendum, Cic. ; b, of things which bear 
marks of attention, assidua ac diligens scriptura, 
Cic. II, Esp. careful in housekeeping, econom- 
ical, 'saving ; homo frugi ac diligens, Cic; in ro 
hereditaria, Cic. 

diligenter. adv. with compar. and superl. 
(diligens), carefully, assiduously, accurately, dili- 
gently ; aliquem benigne et diligenter audire, 
Cic. ; iter caute diligenterque facere, Caes. 

diligentia -ae, f. (diligo). A. Gen. careful- 
ness, attentiveness, accuracy, diligence ; with obj. 
genit., testamentorum, Cic; with in and the abl., 
pro mea sunnna in republica diligentia, Cic. ; 
non mediocrein adhibere diligentiani, Caes. ; 
diligentiam adhibere ut or ne (with the subj.), 
Cic. ; adhibere ad consideraudas res et tenipns 



dil 



172 



Bio 



et diligeiitiam, Cic. ; omnia acerbissima dili- 
gentia perpendere, Cic. B. Esp. care in manage- 
ment of a household, frugality ; res familiaris con- 
servari (debet) diligentia atque parsimouia, Cic. 

dillgo -lexi -lectum, 3. (dis and lego, to 
choose), to prise, love, esteem, highly; aliquem, 
Cic; aliquem diligere et carum habere, aliquem 
colere atqne diligere, Cic. ; se lpsura, Cic. ; inter 
se, Cic; of things, linnc locum, Cic; alicuius 
consilia, offlcia, to be satisfied with, Cic. 

dilorico, 1. (dii and lorico), to tear open; 
tunieam, Cic. 

diluceo, 2. (dis and luceo). tohe clear, evident ; 
dilucere deinde fraus coepit, Liv. 

dilucesco -luxi, 8. (inchoat. of diluceo), to 
grow light, become day; a, pcrs., omnem crede 
diem tibi diluxisse supremum, Hor. ; b, im- 
pels., quum jam dilucesceret, Cic. 

dilucide, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(dilueidus), clearly, plainly, lucidly; plane et 
dilucide dieere, Cic. 

dilacidns -a -nm, clear, lucid, plain; orntio, 
Cic. ; dilucidis verbis uti, Cic 

diluculum -i, n. (diluceo), the break of day, 
dawn; primo diluculo, Cic. ; diluculo, at dawn, 
Cic. 

diludium -ii, n. Mis and ludus), the period 
of rest for gladiators between the days of public 
ej-hibition; transf., diludiaposco, breathing-time, 
rest, Hor. 

diluo -liii -lutmtl, 3. (dis and luo), to wash 
aicay, to dissolve. A. Lit., a, ne canalibus aqua 
imniissa lateres diluere posset, Cr.es. ; unguenta 
laerimis, Ov.; b, to dilute, temper; vinum, Mart.; 
Yenemnn» Liv. B. Transf., a, to weaken the 
force of, lessen, imjxtir ; molestias, Cic. ; curam 
niultn mero, Ov. ; b, to expose th< falseness of a 
statement, refute. ; crimen, Cic. ; diluere aliquid 
et falsurn esse docere, Cic. 

dilutUS -a -mn, v. diluo. 

?'iluvies -Si, f. (diluo), o washing away, in- 
undation, Hor. 

uiluvlo, 1. (diluvium), to overflow, Lncr. 

diluvium -Ii, n. (diluo), a flood, deluge, in- 
undation, Verg. 

dimano, 1. (dis and mano), to flow in differ- 
ent direiiious, spread- itself abroad; fig. mens 
hie forensis labor vitaeque ratio dimanavit ad 
existiinationem hominum, Cic 

diraensio -5nis, f. (dimetior), a measuring; 
quadrati, Cic 

dimetior -mensus, 4. ilep. (dis and metior), 
to measure out. I. Lit. A. Gen., a, act., atqne 
ego ista sum dimensus, Cic ; b, pass., a quo 
essent ilia dimensa atqne deseripta, Cic; tigna 
dimensa ad altitudinem tluminis, Caes. B. 
Esp. a, milit. t.t., to measure out a place for a 
camp; operedimenso, Caes. ; b, astronom. t.t., 
caelum atqne terrain, Cic. ; pass., certis di- 
mensus partibus orbis, Verg. ; c, metric t.t., 
syllabas, Cic ; versum, Cic. II. Transf., au- 
diam civem digitis peccata dimetientem sua, Cic. 

dimeto, l. (dis and meto), and dep. dime- 
tor, l. to measure the boundaries of, Cic ; locum 
castris dimetari jussit, Liv. ; dep., eorum Clirsua 
(ace) dimetati, Cic 

dimtcatlo-onis, f. (dimico), 1, a fight, strug- 
gle, contest in arms; proelii, Cic ; 2, any con- 
test or struggle; vitae, for life and death, Cic; 
capitis, Cic 

dimico -avi or -ni, 1. (dis and mico). A. to 
fight, contend, struggle, in arms ; pro patria, Cic. ; 
proelio, Caes. B. Transf., to struggle, contend, 
strive; omni r.itione erit dimicandum ut, etc., 
Cic. ; de faina, de civitate, Cic. 



dimidiatus -a -um (dimidiuin), halved, di- 
vided, half; mensis, Cic. ; partes versiculorum, 
Cic_ 

dimidius -a -um (dis and medius), halved, 
divided in half; gen. with pars, dimidia pars, 
the half, Cic. ; teirae, Cic ; of persons, fratei 
meus diuiidius major est qunm totus, Cic. 
Subst., dimidium -ii, n. the half; pecuniae, 
Cic ; dimidio with a compar., stultior, by half, 
Cic ; prov., dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet, 
well begun is half done, Hor. 

diminutio, v. deminntio, 

dimissio -onis, f. (dimitto), 1, a sending 

out ; libertorum ad provincias, Cic. ; 2, a dis- 
missing, discharging ; remiguni, Cic. 

dimitto -raisi -missum, 3. (dis and mitto). 

I. to send forth, send in different directions; puer- 
os circum amicos, Cic. ; litteras per mniies pro- 
vincias, Caes. ; nuntios in omnes partes, Caes. ; 
aciein (oculorum) in omnes partes, Ov. II. to 
send a icay from oneself, let. go. A. Lit. 1, gen., 

a, legatos, Liv. ; tabeliarium, Cic. ; hostein ex 
multibus, let slip, Caes. ; regein spoliatum, Cic ; 

b, of things, to let droji ; signa ex metu, Caes. ; 
libium e manibus, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, of persons, 
(u) to adjourn a meeting, dismiss ; senatum, Cic. ; 
(,8) milit. t.t., to discharge; exercitum, Caes. ; b, 
of things, to give up; provinciam, Liv. B. 
Transf., l,gen., quare istos sine ulla contumelia 
dimittamus, Cic; 2, esp. to let drop, give up, 
renounce, aliandon, leave, ; oppngnatioiiem, Caes.; 
quaestionem, Cic. ; injuriam ignoniiniamqne 
noniinis Romani inultam impunitamque, Cic. 

dimoveo -movi -mutum, 2. (dis and moveo), 
to move asunder, part, separate, divide. A. Lit., 
terrain aratro, to plough, Verg. ; aquam corpora, 
Ov. B. to separate, remove, to take away ; a, spes 
societatis equites Romanos a plebe dimovet, 
Sail. ; b, statu sua sacra, Liv. 

Dinarchus -i, m. (AeiVapxos), mi Athenian 
orator, contemporary with Demosthenes. 

Dindymus -i, m. and Dindyma -Sruin, 

II. (Aii'&Vfioi;, SiySv/j,a Ta), a mountain in Mysia, 
sacred to Cybele; hence Dindyiiiene -es, f. 
Cybele, Hor. 

dinosco = dignosco (q.v.). 

dinumoratio -5nis, f. (dinumero), an enu- 
meration; dierum ac noetiuni, Cic. 

dinumero, 1. (dis and nuinero), to count up, 
enumerate. A. Gen., Stellas, Cic ; regis annus, 
Cic. B. Esp. to count money, to pay ; ccnturiat 
Capuae, dinumerat, counts out the gold, Cic. 

DloddrUB -i, ni. (Aioiwpoj). I. a vh ilosopher, 
contemporary of 1'toleinaeus Soter. II. a peri- 
patetic philosopher, of Tyre, flourishing about 
109 B.C. III. (Siculus), a Greek historian. 

dioecesis -60S and -is, t. (Sioi'kjjo-cs), the dis- 
trict of a. magistrate, Cic. 

dioecetes -ae, in. (5toi»o)T7J?), a finance officer 
or treasurer, Cic 

Diogenes -is, m. (Ato-yen)?), the name of 
several. Creek, philosophers, the most notorious of 
whom, was tlie Cynic philosopher ofSinope. 

Diomedcs is, in. (Ato/iijSrjs), 1, a. hero of 
the Trojan war, son ofTydeus, prince of Calydon, 
said to have subsequently settled in Apulia., and to 
hare founded. Arpi; hence, adj., Diomedcus 
-a -mn, relating to Diomedes ; 2, king of the 
J'istones in Thrace, who gave, his captives as food. 
to his horses. 

Dion -onis, m.(Auui'), brother-in-la U) ofDiony- 
sins I., tyrant of Syracuse, killed by a conspiracy. 

Dione -es, f. and Diona -ae, f. (AnJn;), 1, 
the mother of Venus, daughter of Oceanus ami 
Tethys or of Aether and Gam ; 2, Venus, Adj., 



Dio 



173 



dis 



Dionaeus -a -um, relating to Dione, or Venus, 
mater, i.e. Venus, Verg. ; Caesar (by the legend), 
descendant of Aeneas, sonof Venus,Yerg. ; antrum, 
sacred, to Venus, Hor. 

Bidnyslus -li, m. (Aioiwios), 1, the Elder, 
Tyrant of Syracuse 406-367 b.c. ; 2, his son 
and successor, tyrant, 367-356, B.C. 

Dionysus -i, in. (Aidrucros), the Greek name 
of Bacchus; hence Di6nysia -orum, n. the 
feast of Dionysus. 

diota -ae f. (fiiiuTij). a two-handled wine-jar, 
Hor._ 

Diphllus -i, m. (Ai^iAos), a comic, poet of 
Sinope, contemporary of ilenander and Philemon, 
imitated by Plautus. 

diploma -atis, n. (SiVAuj/za.), literally, a folded 
letter; 1, under the republic, a circular letter 
of introduction given to travellers by the govern- 
ment, in order to facilitate their journey, Cic. ; 
2, under the empire, a government document 
co)iferring privileges on the persons to whom it 
was addressed, Tac. 

Dipylon, -i, u. (AinvXov), the double door, 
name of the Thriasian gate at Athens. 

Dirce -es, f. (At'pK>i). I. the wife of Lycus 
king of Thebes, bound to a bull by Amphion and 
Zethus, and thrown (or changed) into the fountain 
named after her. II. the fountain of Dirce, to the 
north-west of Thebes. Adj., Dircaeus -a -um, 
Dircean, Boeotian; cygnus, Pindar, Hor. 

directe, adv. with compar. (directus), 
straightforward, in a straight line; 1, horizon- 
tally, Cic. ; transf., dicere, directly, Cic. ; 2, per- 
pendicularly ; directe ad perpendiculum, Caes. 

direoto, adv. (directus), in a straightforward 
way, directly, Cic. 

directus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (dir- 
igo), 1, straight, direct, either in a horizontal or 
perpendicular direction ; paries, Cic. ; iter, Cic; 
trabes, Caes. ; 2, straightforward, plain, simple; 
verba, Cic. ; homo, Cic. 

diremptus -us, m. (diriino), a separation, 
Cic._ 

direptlO -onis, f. (diripio), a plundering, 
pillaging ; urbs relicta direptioni, Cic. ; bonoruin 
direptio, Cie. 

direptor -oris, ru. (diripio), a plwnderer, 
pillager, Cic. 

diribSo -ui -ituru, 2. (for dis -hibeo, from 
habeo), to sort the voting tickets which were cast 
into the balloting urn ; tabellas, Cic. 

diribltio -onis, f. (diribeo), the sorting of 
the voting tickets, Cic. 

diribltor oris, m. (diribeo), the officer whose 
duty it was to sort the voting tickets, Cic. 

dlrlgo -rexi -rectum, 3. (dis and rego). I. 
to set straight, arrange in a straight line; pass, 
dirigi, to proceed in a straight line; transf., 
dirigitur (argunieutatio) quum proposuit ali- 
quid quod probaret, Cie. II. to arrange, 
direct. A. Lit., 1, as regards motion, a, of 
ships, carriages, journeys, etc., to direct; ad 
castra Corneliana vela, Caes. ; cursum eo (quo), 
Cic. ; iter ad Mutiuatn, Cic. ; b, of weapons, 
to aim, direct; hastaiu in aliquem, Ov. ; c, of 
the sight, aciem ad aliquem, Cat. ; 2, of posi- 
tion, a, to arrange, order, dispose; (a) in quin- 
cuncem ordines (arborum), Cic. ; (p) milit. 1. 1., 
to draw up; aciem, Caes.; naves in pugnam, 
Liv. ; b, to raise, erect; opera, Caes. B. Transf., 
a, to direct, guide; dirige vatis opus, Ov. ; in- 
transit, to lead ; ad veritatem saepissime dirigit, 
Cic. ; b, to direct the thoughts, attention, etc., to 
something ; suas cogitationes ad aliquid, Cic. ; 
C, to direct a speech to, to address; orationem 
ad aliquid, Cic. ; d, to settle, arrange, fix, dis- 



pose ; vitam ad certain rationis normam, Cie- ; 
utilitate otticiuni magis quam humauitate, Cic. 

diriino -end -emptuiu, 3. (dis and emo). 1. 1, 
to part ; separate , sunder, divide; Sabinae wuli- 
eres ex transverso impetu facto dirimere iufestas 
acies, diriinere iras, Liv. ; 2, to interrupt, hinder, 
disturb, put off, break off; a, an assembly or 
conversation, actum est de eo nihil ; nox dircm- 
it, Cic. ; ea res colloquium ut diremisset, Caes. ; 
esp. of omens, to interrupt (as inauspicious) ; 
consilia, Liv.; b, a fight, engagement, proelium, 
Liv. ; a war, contention, bellum inter Philippum 
atque Aetolos, Liv. ; c, an alliance, league, to 
breakup; veterem conjunctionem civium, Cic. 
II, to divide ; quae urbs Volturno flumine dir- 
empta Falernum a Campano agro dividit, Liv. 

diripio -rlpui -reptum, 3. (dis and rapio), 
I. to tear to pieces. A. Lit., Hippolytum, Ov. 
B. Transf. to plunder, pillage, destroy ; socios, 
Cic. II. to tear away ; a pectore vestera, Ov. ; 
res pulcherrimas ex tota Asia, Cic. 

diritas -atis, f. (dirus), 1, misfortune, disaster, 
Cic. poet.; 2, cruelty, fierceness; quanta in al- 
tero diritas, in altero coinitas, Cic. 

dirumpo -riipi -ruptum, 3. to break in 
p>ieces, shatter. 1. Lit., tenuissimam quamque 
partem (nubis) dividere atque dirumpere, Tac. ; 
(homo) diruptus, ruptured, Cic. II. Transf., a, 
dirupi me paene in judicio Galli Caninii, shouted 
Diyself hoarse in defending, etc., Cic; middle, 
dirumpi, to burst with envy, grief, anger, etc. ; 
dirumpi plausu alicuius, to burst with envy at the 
applause given to some one else, Cic. ; dolore, Cic; 
b, to sever, break up; amicitiam, Cic; societ- 
atein, Cic 

diruo -ui -iitum, 3. (dis and ruo), to pull 
down, raze to the ground, destroy. A. Lit., 
urbeni, Cic. ; agmina vasto impetu, to scatter, 
Hor. B. Transf., aere dirui, to be mulcted of 
one's pay, Plin. ; in quibus (castris), quum fre- 
quens esset, tamen aere dirutus est, ruined by 
gambling, Cic; homo diruptus dirutusque, bank- 
rupt, Cic. 

dirus -a -um (connected with fctpd;), fear- 
ful, horrible, dire. A. Of unfavourable omens, 
omen, Ov. ; subst., dirae -arum, f. unlucky 
omens, Cic. ; so dlra -5rum, n., Cic. B. Transf., 
horrible, cruel, frightful; a, of things, ex.se- 
cratio, Verg.; venena, Hor.; subst., dirae 
-arum, f. curses; diris again vos, Hor.; con- 
tingere funebribus diris signa tela arma host- 
ium, Liv.; b, of persons, cruel, terrible; dea, 
Circe, Ov. ; Hannibal, Hor.; subst., personif., 
Dira -ae, f. a Fury, Verg. ; gen. plur. often 
with ultrices, Furies, Verg. 

1. dis, inseparable particle, meaning away 
from, takes the form of. dis-, di-, and dir-. 

2. DlS, DItis, m. a name of Pluto, god of the 
lower world, Cic; domina Ditis, Proserpina, Verg. 

3. dis, ditis, adj. with compar. and superl., 
rich. A. Lit., dis hostis, Liv. ; apud Helvetios 
ditissimus fuit Orgetorix, Caes. ; with genit, 
ditissimus agri, Verg. B, Transf. richly provided, 
making rich ; ditia stipendia, Liv. 

disoedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. to go asunder, 
part, separate; in duas partes, Sail.; caelum 
discedit, the heavens open, Cic ; transf., ornnis 
Italia animis discedit, is divided, Sail. II, A. 
Lit., 1, gen., to depart, go away; e Gallia, Cic ; 
de foro, Cic. ; nmbu6 Ausoniae, Ov. ; used im- 
personally, a contione disceditnr, Caes. ; 2, esp. 
a, milit. t. t. (a) of troops, to march away ; • 
Brundisio, Caes. ; ab signis, to break the ranks, 
leave the line of battle, Caes. ; ab arrois, to lay 
down arms, Caes. ; (p) to come out of a contest, 
to come off; victor, Caes. ; victus, Sail. ; aequo 
Marte cuin Vplscis, to have a drawn battle wifh, 



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dis 



Lit., so to come out of any cotitest (e.g., in a 
crmrt of law) ; superior discedit, Cic. ; turpis- 
sime, tocome off with disgrace, Cic ; b, to abandon, 
desert; ab amicis, Cic; ab aliquo duce (of 
soldiers), Caes. B. Transf., 1, gen., ex vita 
tamquam ex hospitio, Cic. ; a vita, Caes. ; a re, 
to digress (of an orator), Cic. ; nunquam ex 
ammo meo discedit illius viri memoria, Cic. ; 2, 
esp. a, to abandon a duty, deviate, swerve from 
principles, etc. ; ab officio, Cic ; a consuetudino, 
Cic. ; b, polit. t. t. of the senate, in aliquant 
sententiam discedere, to support a resolution ; in 
alia omnia discedere, to be quite of the contrary 
opinion, Cic. ; c, discedere ab aliquo or ab aliqua 
re, to except; quum a vobis discesserim, you ex- 
cepted, Cic. 

disceptatio -5nis, f. (discepto), 1, a debate, 
discussion, controversy ; cum quibus oinnis fere, 
nobis disceptatio contentioque est, Cic. ; with 
genit., disceptatio juris, Cic. ; 2, a judicial 
decision, award ; disceptationem ab rege ad Ro- 
rnanos revocabant, Liv. 

disceptator -oris, m. (discepto), an arbi- 
trator, judge of a controversy ; domesticus, Cic. ; 
juris, Cic. 

disceptatrix -tricis, f. (disceptator), one 
who decides, Cic. 

discepto. 1, (dis and capto), 1, to decide a 
suit or cause, adjudicate, determine; eontrover- 
sias, Cic. ; inter populum et regem, Liv. ; 2, to 
dispute, debate, discuss; verbis de .jure, Liv. ; de 
controversiis apud se potius quam inter se armis, 
Caes. ; dejure publico armis, Cic; transf., in 
uno proelioomnis fortuna reipublicae disceptat, 
depends upon, Cic. 

discerno -crevi -cretum, 3. A. to sever, 
separate; monsqui fines eoruradiseerneret, Sail. ; 
duae urbes magno inter se'maris terrarumque 
spatio discretae, Liv. ; discretae sedes piorum, 
set apart, Hor. B. Transf., to distinguish, dis- 
cern; alba et atra discernere non posse, Cic; 
with rel. sent., animus discernit, quid sit eius- 
dem generis, quid alterius, Cic. 

discerpo -cerpsi -cerptum, 3. (dis and carpo). 
A. Lit. to plwk to pieces, tuir in pieces, dismem- 
ber; membra gruis, Hor.; animus nee dividi 
nee discerpi potest, Cic. B. Transf., in a dis- 
course,.^ separate, divide; qui quae complecti 
tota.nequeunt, haec faeilius .divulsa et quasi 
discerpta eontrectant, Cic. 

dlscessio -onis.f. (disccdo). l y a going away, 
deportwre.Tac; 2,'poUt.t.t, voting, dinsion 
senate (by going over to one side or the other, , 
senatus consultum facere per discessionem.witft- 
out discussion, Cic. ; discessionem facere, to vote, 
Cic. ; facta est disccssio in sententiam alicuius, 
Cic 

discessus -us, m. (discedo), 1, a parting, 
'ion; eaeli, lightning, Cic; 2, a departure, 
going away; ab urbe, Cic. ; e vita, Cic. ; esp., 
a, ipillt t.t. marching off, Caes. ; ab Dyrrhachio 
discessus cxercituum, Cic. ; b, euphem. ban- 
ishment, Cic. 

illscidium -li, n. (discindo). I. a tearing 
away, dividing; nubis, Lucr. II. separation, 
division, parting. A. Lit.. Conjugis miserne, 
from a wife, Cic. ; esp., of the parting of lovers 
or of divorce, Cic; divortia atqne afflnitatura 
discidia, Cic B. Transf. separation in feelings, 
diwnsion ; belli discidio, Cic; dcorum odia, 
discidia, discordiae, Cic. 

dlscido. 3. (dis and caedo), to rut in pieces, 
he\c in pieces, Lucr. 

disclnctus -a -urn (p. adj. of discingo), 
eare'ess, reckless, dissoiu'e, ertrawgant ; nepos, 
Hor- ; otia, Ov. 

disclndo-scldi -scissum 3. (dis and scindo), 



1, to cleave, asunder, split ; cotem novacula, Cic; 
transf., amicitias, Cic. ; 2, to tear open; tunieam, 
Cic. 

discingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. to take of the 
girdle, nngird ; Afros, to disarm, Juv. 

disciplina -ae, f. (discipulus). I. bistrnc- 
tion, teaching. A. Lit., lilterac rcliquncque res 
quaruin est disciplina, Cic. ; novum aliquem 
nlicui in diseipliriam tradero. Cic. ; ab aliquo 
disciplinary accipere, Cic.; subj. gen., disciplina 
majorum, Cic. ; obj. gen., disciplina virtutis, Cic. 
B. Melon., that which is taught, learning, know- 
ledge, science; a, gen., bellica, the art of war, 
Cic. ; navalis, Cic. ; habere quasdam etiara doin- 
esticas disciplinas, Cic. ; juris civilis, Cic. ; 
b, a philosophical school, a system; philosophiae 
disciplina, Cic. ; c, a rhetorical school or system ; 
Hermagorae, Cic. II. In a wider sense, train- 
ing, education. A. Lit., a, gen., disciplina 
puerilis, of boys, Cic. ; disciplina familiae, of 
slaves; gravis et constans, Cic; b, esp. milit- 
ary training; militaris, Liv. ; militiae, Cic. B. 
Meton., the result of training, custom, habit,order; 
a, gen., disciplina? sanctitas, Liv. ; certa 
Vivendi disciplina, Cic ; b, the ordering of a 
state, constitution ; disciplina reipublicae, Cic ; 
disciplinamdare, Cic. ; o moreni praeclarum dis- 
ciplinamque quam a majoribus accepimus, Cic. 

discipula -ae, f. (discipulus), a female 
scholar, Hor. 

discipulus -L in. (disco), a scholar, pupil, 
di triple, Cic. 

discludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (dis and claudo), 
to shut up apart, to separate, divide. I. Nerea 
ponto, Verg. ; tigna, keep at the proper distance, 
Caes.; mons qui Arvernos ab Helviis discludit, 
Caes. II. Transf., morsus roboris, 1o loosen, 
Verg. 

disco, dTdici, 3. l.to learn. A. Gen., litteras 
Graecaa, Cic; jus civile ant rem militarem, Cic. ; 
id quodcx pluribus testibus piioribus actionibus 
didicistis, Cic; ab c* Stoico dialecticam didic- 
erat, Cic; apud aliquem litteras, Cic; in 
castris per laborem usuin militiae, Sail. ; with 
iniin., saltare, Cic. ; Latine loqui, Sail. ; quin- 
qucremes gubernare didicisse, Cic. ; with rel. 
clause, plures discent quern ail modum haec 
liantquain quem ad modum his resistatur, Cic ; 
ita didicisse a majoribus ut, etc., to have so learnt 
to be accustomed to, Caes. ; disco fidibus, to leant 
to jUay on the lyre, Cic. ; absol., valcnt pucii, 
liose discunt. diligentcr docentur, Cic ; vol- 
iihi.is disendi, Cic. B. Esp., discere causain, 
legal t.t., to get vp the facts of a case, of an 
advocate, Cic. II. to become acquainted with; 

I, gen., me pcritus discet Hiber Rliodanique 
potor, Hor. ; 2, to become acquainted with a fact, 
learn, find out ; didici ex tuis litteris te omnibus 
in rebus habuisse rationem, Cic. 

discolor -oris. A. of different colours ; signa, 
Cic. ; miles, black and white (of the men at 
draughts), Ov. B. Transf., different from, un- 
like, to ; matrona meretrici dispar atqne discolor, 
Hor. 

dlsconvenio, 4. to disagree, not to harmon- 
ise; vitae ordine toto, Hor. ; impers., eo dis- 
convenit inter meque et te, Hor. 

discordia -ae, f. (discor,s). I. a, dissension, 
disagreement, discord; haec' discordia non reruin. 
sed verborum, Cic. ; b, dissension, sedition, Tic 

II. Personif., Discordia, the Goddess of Discord, 
Verg. 

discordiosus -a -um (discordia), full of dis- 
cord, mutinous; vulgus seditiosum atque dis- 
cordiosum fuit, Sail. 

discordo, 1. (discors), 1 to be at discord, to 
disagree; cum Cheru>eis, fac ; inter se dis* 



dis 



175 



dis 



sidere atque discordare, Cic. ; animus a se dis- 
sidens securaque discordans, Cic. ; of soldiers, 
to be mutinous, Tac; 2, to be unlike; quantum 
discordet parum avaro, Hor. 

discors -cordis (dis an'd cor), 1. 1, disagree- 
ing, inharmonious, discordant; civltas seeum ipsa 
discors, -Liv. ; of inanimate objects, venti, Verg. ; 
bella, Ov. ; 2, unlike, dissimilar, different; tarn 
discoidia inter se responsa Liv. 

discrepantia -ae, f. (discrepo), disagree- 
ment, difference; scripti et voluntatis, Cic. 

discrcpatio -5nis, f. (discrepo), disagree- 
ment, disunion; inter consules, Liv. 

discrepito, 1. (intens. of discrepo), to be 
entirely dissimilar, to be quite unlike, Lucr. 

discrepo -pavi, 1. not to sound together. A. 
Lit., to be out of time, to be discordant; in tidibus 
aut in tibiis, Cic. B. Transf., to disagree, be 
different, be unlike; cum aliquo or cum aliqua 
re, Cic. ; ab aliqua re, Cic. ; sibi, Cic. ; inter 
se, Cic. ; nunc in re, Cic. ; with dat., quantum 
simplex liilarisque nepoti discrepet, Hor. ; iiu- 
pers., discrepat, there is a disagreement, people 
are not agreed; discrepat inter scriptores, Liv. ; 
illud liaudquaquam discrepat, Liv. ; with ace. 
and intin., Liv. ; non or baud discrepat quiu, 
etc., Liv. 
discribo = describo (q.v.). 
discrimen -Inis, n. (discerno), that which 
divides. I. Lit., A. Conor., the dividing line; 
quum pertenui discrimine (duo maria) separar- 
cntur, Cic. B. Abstr., a, the space between; 
spatium discrimina fallit, Ov. ; b, in music, in- 
terval; septem discrimina vocum (of the lyre 
with seven strings), Verg. II. a, separation, 
distinction, difference; delectu omni et discrimine 
remoto, Cic. ; b, turning-point, critical moment; 
ea res nunc in discrimine versatur utrum pos- 
situe . . . an, Cic. ; in discrimen adductum esse, 
Cic. ; c, crisis, hazard, danger; in tanto dis- 
crimine periculi, Liv. ; ad ipsum discrimen eius 
temporis, Cic. ; res esse in summo discrimine, 
Caes. ^ ' 

discrimino, 1. (discrimen), to separate, sim- 
der, divide; Etruriam discriminat Cassia, Cic; 
vigiliarum somnique nee die nee nocte dis- 
criminate tempore, Liv. 

discriptio -onis, f. (discribo), a division, 
Cic. 

discrucio, 1. to torture vehemently, torment ; 
of bodily torture, discruciatos necare, Cic. ; of 
mental anguish, refl. or pass., to torment oneself, 
make oneself miserable, Cic. 

discumbo -ciibui -cubitum, 3. to lie down; 
a, to recline at table ; discubuimus ornnes praeter 
illam, Cic. ; impers., discumbitur, one goes to the 
table, Cic; b, to sleep, go to bed; cenati discub- 
uerunt ibidem, Cic. 

discupio -ivi -itum, 3. to desire vehemently, 
Cat. 

discurro -cucurri and -curri -cursum, 3. to 
run in. different directions, run about, run to ami 
fro ; in muris, Caes. ; circa deum delubra, Liv. ; 
ad arma, Liv. ; impers., tota discurritur urbe, 
Verg. ; of things, diversa ruens septem discurrit 
in ora, Verg. ; quum mens discurrit utroque, Ov. 

discursus -us, m. (discurro), a running up 
and dovjn, a running about, running to and fro ; 
militum, Liv. ; lupi, Ov. ; of things, liber inter 
ordines discursus, of a ship, unhindered motion, 
Liv. 

discus -i, ro. (SIo-kos), a quoit ; discum audire 
quam philosoplmm malle, Cic 

discutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (dis and quatio), 
to strike asunder. I. to shatter, breakdown: tri- 
hus arietibus aliquantum muri, Liv. II. 1, to 



disperse, scatter; nubem, Ov. ; umbras, Verg.; 
discussa est caligo, Cic. ; 2, to frustrate, bring to 
nought, suppress; sam rem, Liv.; caedem, Cic; 
eorum captiones, Cic ; eorum advocationem. 
manibus, ferro, lapidibus, Cic. 

discrtc, adv. with suporl. (disertus), clearly, 
plainly, eloquently; dicere, Cic. 

disertus -a -tiin, p. adj. with corupar. and 
superl. (disseio), eloquent, wcll-cxprcsscd ; a, of 
the language, oratio, Cic. ; historia, Cic. ; b, of 
the person speaking : homo, Cic. ; disertissimus 
orator, Cic. 

disicio = disjicio (q.v.). 

disjecto, 1. (intens. of disjicio), to cast about, 
scatter, Lucr. 

1. disjectus -a -um, v. disjicio. 

2. disjectus -us, m. (disjicio), a scattering, 
dispersing, Lucr. 

disjicio -jeci -iectum, 3. (dis and jacio), to 
cast asunder. I. Lit, A. Gen., of buildings, 
etc., to throw down, destroy ; disjecta tempestate 
statua, Liv.; disjecta aediticia, Caes. B. to scat- 
tec, disperse; naves or classem, Liv.; disjecta 
comas, with dishevelled hair, Ov. ; disjecta membra 
poetae, Hor. ; disjecta manus, Cic. ; milit. t.t, 
to scatter; phalangein, Caes. II. Transf., to 
bring to naught, frustrate ; consilia ducis, Liv. , 

disjunctio -oiiis, f. (disjungo), separation. 
I. Lit, meorum, Cic. II. Transf., 1, ger., dif- 
ference; animorum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, in logic, a 
disjunctive proposition, Cic. ; b, in rhet a series 
of sentences without connecting particles, asyn- 
deton, Cic. 

disjunctus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (disjungo), separated, sundered, distant. 
I. Lit., quae (Aetolia) procul barbaris disjuncta 
gentibus, Cic II. Transf., A. Gen., remote 
from; homines Graeci longe a nostrorum homin- 
um gravitate disjuncti, Cic. B. Esp., 1, in 
logic, disjunctive; 2, in rhet, disconnected, Cic. 

disjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to unbind, 
loosen, separate. I. Lit., a, to unyoke or unhar- 
ness ; jumenta, Cic ; b, to separate, sunder, remove; 
intervallo locorum et tempore disjuncti sumus, 
Cic; Italis disjucgimur oris, Verg. II. Transf., 

A. Gen., to separate; aliqueni ab aliquo, Cic. 

B. Esp., to distinguish ; insaniam a furore, Cic. 
dispalor, 1. dep. to wander cdjout, to stray, 

Nep. 

dispando pundi -pansuni, 3. to expand, ex- 
tend, stretch out, Lucr. 

dispar -paris, unlike, different, dissimilar, 
unequal ; fortuna, Cic. ; tempora, Cic. ; with dat:, 
ilia oratio huic dispar, Cic. ; with genit, quid- 
quam dispar sui atque dissimile, Cic. 

dispargo, v. djspergo. 

disparilis -e, tmlike, dissimilar, different, 
unequal ; disparilis exspiratio terrarum, Cic. 

disparo, 1. to separate, part, divide; seniores 
a junioribus di visit eosque ita disparavit ut, 
etc., Cic. ; partic. subst, dispar at um -i, n., 
rhet. t. t, the contradictory proposition (e.g., 
sapere, non sapere), Cic. 

dispart! o = dispertio (q.v.). 

dispello -puli -pulsum, 3. I. to drive in 
different directions; pecudes, Cic. II. to scatter, 
dispel; umbras, Verg. ; transf., ab animo tam- 
quam ab oculis caliginem, Cic. , 

dispendium -ii, n. (dispendo), expenditure, 
expense, loss ; facere, to suffer loss ; transf., dis,' 
pendia morae, loss of time, Verg. 

1. dispendo = dispando (q.v.). ." 

2. dispendo -pensum, S. to weigh out. Vary. 
dlupenrt 9 = dispando (cj. v.), 



die 



176 



dis 



dispensatio -onis, f. (dispenso), 1, manage- 
ment, economical, administration; aerarii, Cic. ; 
annonae, Liv. ; 2, the office of a dispensator, Cic. ; 
regia, the office of treasurer to a king, Cic. 

dispensator -oris, in. (dispenso), a steward, 
bailiff, treasurer, Cic. 

dispenso, 1. (intens. of 2. dispcudo). I. to 
weigh out or ]xuj away money, Plaut. ; to divide, 
distribute; oscula per natos, Ov. ; laetitiam 
inter inipoteutes populi aminos, Liv.; in rhet., 
invents uon solum ordine, sed etiain momento 
quodam atque judicio, Cic. II. a, gen., to ar- 
iunge; annum iutercalariis mensibus interpon- 
endisiiU dispeusavit ut, etc., Liv.; b, csp., to 
manage a household ; res domesticas, Cic. 

dlsperditlo -onis, f. (disperdo), a total 
destruction, ruin, Cic. 

disperdo -didi -ditum, 3. to destroy, ruin, 
annihilate ; possessiones, Cic. 

dispereo -ii, 4. to perish utterly, be entirely 
ruined; fundus disherit, Cic; dispeream, si, 
or nisi, may I perish if or except, Cat., Hor. 

dispergo -spersi -speTsum,3.(disandspargo), 
to scatter, spread abroad, disperse ; a, tarn multa 
pestifera terra manque, Cic ; to disperse an 
army, Caes. ; b, rumores, to spread abroad re- 
ports, Tac. 

disperse and dispersim, adv. (dispersus), 
in different places, dispersedly, here and there, 
Cic 

dispersio -onis, f. (dispergo), a scattering, 
destruction, Cic. 

dlspertio (dis-partio) -Ivi and -ii -Ituui, 4. 
to separate, divide., distribute. A. Lit, pecuniam 
judicious, Cic. ; exercitum per oppida, Liv. 
B. Transf.,' tempora voluptatis laborisque, Cic; 
dep., dispertior -iri, aliquid iu intinita, Cic. ; 
auministratiouein inter se, Liv. 

dispicio -spexi -spectmn, 3. (dis and specio). 
I. to open the eyes and begin to see ; catuli qui 
jam dispecturi sint, Cic. II. A. to catch sight 
of, jxreeive; 1, lit., Lucr. ; 2, trausf., populus 
Rouianus libertatem jam ex diutina servitute 
diapiciens, Cic. B. 1, to perceive mentally; si 
dispicere quid coepero, Cic ; with rel. sent, 
sed ego quod sperern non dispicio, Cic ; 2, to 
reflect upon, consider; res Romauas, Cic. 

displiceo -plicui -pllcltum, 2. (dis and 
placeo), to displease (opp. placco, complaceo) ; 
nlicui, Cic; alicui de aliquo, (Jic; niihi or alicui 
displicet, with intiu., Cic ; displicere sibi, to be 
dissatisfied with oneself, to be melancholy, out of 
spirits, Cic. 

displodo -plosi -plosum, 3. to spread out,' 
dilate, burst, Hor. 

dispono -posili -posltum, 3. (dis and pono), 
to put in different places, to distribute. I. Gen., 

A. Lit., pocula Bacchi, Ov. ; signa ad omues 
columnas, omnibus etiam intercolumniis, in 
6ilvadeniquedispositasubdivo, Cic; milit. 1. 1., 
portis stationes, Liv. ; praesidia ad ripas, Caes. 

B. Transf., a, to distribute on a definite plan; 
imperii curas, Tac ; b, rhet. t. t., verba ita, ut 
put resvarietatemcolorum, Cic. II. to arrange, 

t, set in order. A. Lit., Homerl libros 
antca confusos, Cic; bene dispnsitae comae, Ov. 
B. Transf., disposita ad honorem studia, Cic 

dieposite, adv. (dispositus), in proper order, 
TiiethodUxtUy ; accusare, Cic. 

dispositlo -onis, f. (dispono), a regulnr ar- 
rangement or order in a speech, Cic. 

dispdpftura -ae, f. (dispono), arrangement, 
order, Lucr.- 

1. dlsp5sitU8 -a -um, p. adj. (dispono), ar- 
ranged, Plin, 



2. dispositus -us, in. (dispono), arrange- 
ment, Tac 

disputatio -Onis, f. (dispute), an arguing, 
debating, argument, debate; liac in utramque 
partem disputatione habita, Cic. 

dispiltator -oris, m. (disputo), a debater, 
disputant, Cic. 

disputo, 1. to discuss, rveigh, debate, argue; 
aliquid, Cic ; de aliqua re, Cic ; ad aliqnam 
rem de aliqua re, Cic. ; pro omnibus et contra 
omnia, Cic. ; contra propositum, Cic. ; disputari 
in utramque partem, for and against, Cic. ; with 
rel. sent., ego enim quid desiderem, non quid 
viderim disputo, Cic. 

disquiro, 3. (dis andquaero), to inquire into, 
investigate, Hor. 

disquisitio -onis, f. (disquiro), an inquiry, 
investigation, Cic. 

dissaepio -saepsi -saeptuui, 4. to hedge off, 
separate, divide; aliquid tenui muro, Cic. 

dissaeptlo -onis, f. (dissaepio), a- partition, 
Liv. (?). 

dissaeptum -i, n. (dissaepio), a barrier, 
partition, Lucr. 

dissemino, 1. to spread abroad, disseminate ; 
sermonem, Cic; malum, Cic 

dissensio -onis, f. (dissentio), disagreement, 
variance. I. Of persons, a, in a friendly man- 
ner, inter homines de jure, Cic. ; est quaedain 
inter nos parva dissensio, Cic; b, in a hostile 
manner, dissension, disunion; dissensio ac dis- 
cidiuni, Cic. ; dissensio civilis, Caes. II. Ol 
abstractions, opposition; utilium cum honest is, 
Cic. 

dissensus -us, m. (dissentio), disunion, dis- 
agreement, Verg. 

dissentanSUS -a -um (dissentio), disagree- 
ing, different (opp. consentaneus) ; alicui rei, 
Cic 

dissentio -sensi -sensum, 4. to be of a dif- 
ferent opinion, not to agree. I. Lit., Of persons, 
a, in a friendly manner, ab aliquo, Cic. ; ab 
aliqua re, Cic. ; de aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo, 
Cic; inter se, Cic; with dat, conditionibus 
foedis, Hor. ; b, iu a hostile manner, to be at 
variance; acerrime dissentientes cives, Cic. II. 
Transf., of things, to be opposed, different; a 
more, Cic. ; quid ipsum a se dissentiat, Cic. 

dissep . . v. dissaep . . . 

dissercnascit -avit, impcrs. (inchoat. of 
disserenat, it clears up (of the weather) ; quum 
undique disserenavisset, Liv. 

disserenat, impers. (dis and serenus), it 
clears up, Plin. 

1. dissero -sevi-sltum, 3., 1, to scatter seed, 
Plin. ; 2, to plant at a distance in the ground; 
taleas, Caes. 

2. dissero -s8rui -sertum, 3. to examine, 
treat of, discuss a subject; with ace, ista, Cic; 
with ace. and infin., Cic. ; with relative sent- 
ence (quoinodo, qui, quid), Cic ; with de, quae 
Socrates supremo vitae die de immortalitate 
animorum disseruisset, Cic. 

disscrpo, 3. to creep in different directions, 
spread imperceptibly ; late disserpunf. tremores, 
Lucr. 

disserto, 1. (intens. of 2. dissero), to treat 
of discuss, argue; aliquid, Tac. 

dlssfdeo -sfdi -sessum, 2. (dis and sedeo). 
lit., to sit apart. I. to be drawn apo.rt; si toga 
dissidet impar, sits unevenly, Hor. II, to be 
distant, to be separated. A. Lit., of places, 
quantum Hypanis Veneto dissidetEridano, Prop. 
B. Transf., not, to agree ; a, of persons, to dis- 
agree, dissent, be of a different opinion; inter se, 



dis 



177 



dis 



Cie. ; ab aliquo, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic. ; de 
aliqua, Cic. ; with dat, dissidens plebi virtus, 
Hor. ; in a hostile sense, to beat variance, Cic; 
b, of tilings, to be opposed, contrary; scriptum 
a sententia dissidet, Cic. ; cupiditates iuter se 
dissident et discordant, Cic. 

dissidlum -li, n. (dissideo), disagreement, 
disunion, Cic. 

dissllio -siliii -sultuin, i. (dis and salio), to 
hup apart, burst asunder. A. Lit., haec loca 
dissiluisse feruut, Verg. ; dissilit omue solum, 
Ov. B. Transf., gratia sic fiatrum geminorum 
dissiluit, was broken up, Hor. 

dissimilis -e, adj. with compar. and superl., 
unlike, dissimilar; with genit, veruni tameu 
fuit turn sui dissimilis, Cic. ; with dat, quies 
est tarn dissimilis homini, qui uon, etc., Cic. ; 
with inter se, duo fueruut per idem tempus 
dissiiniles inter se, Cic. ; with inter se and the 
genit., qui sunt et inter se dissimiles et aliorum, 
Cic. ; with atque (ac) quam and et, dissimilis est 
inilituiu causa et tua, Cic. ; absol., naturae dis- 
similes, Cic. 

dissimiliter, adv. (dissimilis), differently, 
in a different manner, Liv. 

dissimilitudo -In is, f. (dissimilis), unlike- 
ness, difference; locorum, Cic. ; habetabillis rebus 
dissimilitudinem, Cic. ; dissimilitudinem non 
nullam habet cum illius administratioue pro- 
vinciae, Cic. ; quumtanta sit inter oratores bouos 
dissimilitudo, Cic. 

dissimulanter, adv. (dissiinulo), secretly, 
in a dissembling manner ; verba non aperte sed 
dissimulanter conclusa, Cic. ; non or ne dis- 
simulanter, without dissembling, Cic. 

dissimulatlo -onis, f. (dissimulo), a con- 
cealing, dissembling, dissimulation, Cic. ; esp. of 
irony (in the Socratic sense), Cic. 

dissimulator -oris, m. (dissimulo), a dis- 
sembler, concealer; opis propriae, Hor. 

dissimulo, 1. to make unlike. I. to conceal, 
to hide ; Achilles veste virura longa dissiuiulatus 
e . at, concealed h is manhood beneath a woman's robe, 
Ov. II, to act or to speak as if a thing which is 
were not. A. to dissemble, disguise, keep secret ; 
aliquid silentio, Cic; dissimulata deam, conceal- 
ing her divinity, Ov.; with ace and infin., Cic; 
with ut and the subj., Cic. ; non dissimulare, 
followed by quin, Cic. ; dissimulare non sinit 
quin delecter, Cic ; absol., to dissemble; non 
dissimulat, Cic. B. to ignore, leave unnoticed; 
dissimulare consulatum alicuius, Tac 

dissipabilis -e (dissipo), that can be scat- 
tered; ignis et aer, Cic. 

disslpailo -onis, f. (dissipo). I. scattering ; 
civium, Cic. II. A. dispersionby sale; praedae, 
Cic. B. Rhet. 1. 1., the analysis of an idea, Cic. 

dissipatus -a -um, p. adj. (dissipo), scat- 
tered, disconnected; oratio, Cic. 

dissipo, 1. (dis and *sipo). I. to scatter, 
disperse, spread abroad. A. Lit, membra fratris, 
Cic ; aliud alio, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ea contrah- 
ere amicitiam, dissipare discordiain, put an end 
to, Cic. : 2, faniam, spread abroad, Cic. II. to 
scatter by violence; 1, lit, milit, tt, to rout, 
scatter; hostes, Cic. ; dissipata fuga, Liv.; 2, to 
pull down, destroy; statuam, Cic; tecta, Liv.; 
3, of property, to squander, destroy; patrimou- 
lUlll, Cic ; reliquias reipublicae, Cic. 

dissitus, partic, v. 1. dissero. 

dissociabilia -e (dissocio), 1, act, that which 
separates; oceanus, Hor. ; 2, pass., that which 
cannot be united; res, Tac 

diSSOCiatio -onis, f. (dissocio), a separation, 
parting; spiritus corporisque, Tac. 



dissocio, 1. I. to separate, sever, divide 
friendships, etc. ; morum dissimilitudo dissociat 
amicitias, Cic. ; disertos a doetis, Cic. II. Of 
places, to separate, divide; ni (montes) dissoci- 
entur opaca valle, Hor. 

dissdlubllis -c (dissolvo), dissoluble, separ- 
able; mortile omne animal et dissolubilo et 
dividuum sit necesse est, Cic. 

dissolute, adv. (dissolutus), 1, disconnect- 
edly, loosely ; dissolute dicere, without connecting 
particles, Cic. ; 2, carelessly, negligently, without 
energy; minus severe quam decuit, uon tamen 
omnino dissolute, Cic 

dissolutio -onis, f. (dissolvo). I. Lit. break- 
ing up, dissolution, destruction, annihilation; 
naturae, death, Cic. ; navigii, shipwreck, Tac. II. 
Transf., 1, destrw:tion, abolition; leguiu, judici- 
orum, Cic. ; 2, refutation of a charge ; criminum, 
Cic; 3, want of energy, weakness; remissio 
animi ac dissolutio, Cic. ; 4, in rhet, want of 
connexion, Cic. 

dissolutus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (dissolvo). I. not bound together, loos- 
ened; navigium, leaky, Cic. II. Transf., 1, 
rhet. t t, disconnected, loose, Cic. ; 2, wanting 
in energy, lax; poterone esse in eum dissolutus 
qui, etc., Cic. ; 3, profligate, dissolute ; dissolut- 
issimus hominum, Cic 

dissolvo -solvi -s61utum, 3. I. to loosen, 
unloose. A. Lit, 1, gen., scopas, clipeum, Cic; 
2, esp. to melt; aes.Lucr. B. Transf., 1, gen., 
to break up, destroy; societatem, amicitiam, Cic. ; 
leges, Cic ; 2, esp. a, rhet. t. t, to divide; ora- 
tionem, Cic. ; b, to refute an assertion, charge, 
etc. ; criminationem, Cic. II. to pay, discharge 
a debt ; aes alienuin, Cic ; pecuniam publicaiu 
ulli civitati, Cic. _. 

dissonus -a -uiu. A. discordant, inhar- 
monious, dissonant; clamores, Liv. B. Transf., 
different, disagreeing ; dissouae geutes sermone 
moribusque, Liv. 

dissors -sortis, having a different lot or fate; 
ab oinni milite dissors gloria, not sliared with, 
Ov. 

dissuadeo -suSsi -suasum, 2. to advise 
against, oppose by argument; legem agrariam, 
Cic. ; de captivis, Cic. ; with ace and iniin., 
Cic. ; absol., dissuasivnus nos, I spoke against it, 
Cic. 

dissuasio -onis, f. (dissuadeo), advising to 
the contrary, speaking against; rogationis eius, 
Cic. 

dissuasor -oris, in. (dissuadeo), one who ad- 
vises to the contrary, one who speaks against ; roga- 
tionis, Cic. ; legis agrariae, Liv. ; transf., of 
things, Auster quasi dissuasor consilii mei, Cio, 

dissuavior, 1. dep. to kiss eagerly, ap. Cic. 

dlssulto, 1. (intens. of dissilio), toleap apart, 
burst asunder ; nee fulmine tanti dissultant crep- 
itus, Verg. ; dissultant ripae, Verg. 

dissuo -stii -sfitum, 3. A. Lit, to unstitch. 
B. Transf., to open wide; sinum, Ov. ; to loosen 
gently or by degrees ; tales amicitiae dissuendae 
niagis quam discindendae, Cic 

distantia -ac, f. (disto), difference, diversity; 
morum studiorumque, Cic. 

distendo -teudi -tentum and -tensum, 3. to 
stretch apart, expand, extend. I. Gen. , aciem, Caes. ; 
brachia, Ov. II. 1, to fill full, distend; ubera 
cytiso, Verg. ; horrea plena spicis, Tib. ; 2, a, 
milit. t. t., to divide, to distract the attention of 
the enemy by attacks in different places ; copias 
hostium, Liv. ; b, to distract, perplex; distendit 
ea res animos Samnitium, Liv. 

1. distentus -a -um, p. adj. (distendo) dis- 
tended, full; ubera, Hor, 



dis 



LIS 



am 



2. disientus -a -um, p. adj. with superl. (dis- 
tineo), busy, occupied ; tot tanti.sque negotiis, Cic. 

distermino, 1. (o separate by a boundary, 
divide, Cic. poet. ; quod (fluraen) Dahas Arios- 
que disterminat, Tac. 

distichus -a -um (5i'<ttixo?), consisting of two 
rows ; subst. distlchum (-on) -i, n. a poem oj 
two lines, a distich, Mart. 

distincte, adv. with compar. (distinctus), 
clearly, definitely, distinctly; dicere, Cic. 

distinotlo -onis, f. (distinguo), 1, n separa- 
tion in space; solis lunne siderumque omnium, 
different orbits, Cic. ; 2, a, distinguishing, dis- 
criminating; facilis est distinctio ingeuui et 
illiberalis joci, Cic. ; lex est justorum injust- 
orumque distinctio, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t.,a distin- 
guishing between the same word used in different 
ways, or between ideas nearly alike, Cic. ; 3, a, 
distinction, difference; inodo intelligatur, quae 
sit causarura distinctio et dissimilitudo, Cic. ; 
b, rhet. t. t., a, pause, division, Cic. 

1. distinctus -a -um, p. adj. (distinguo), 
separated, distinct ; urbs delubris distinctis 
spatiisque communibus, Cic. 

2. distinctus, ?bl. -Q, m. (distinguo), differ- 
ence, distinction, Tac. 

distineo -tlniii -tentura, 2. (dis and teneo). 
I. A. Lit., to hold asunder, keep apart, separate, 
divide ; tigna binis utrimque fibulis distine- 
bantur, Caes. B. Transf., a, gen., duae senatum 
ciistinebant sententiae, Liv. ; b ? esp., to delay; 
paceni, Cic. XL. to prevent uniting together. A. 
Milit. t. t., to prevent the union of forces ; Caes- 
aris copias, Cic. ; Volscos, Liv. B. to prevent 
the concentration of one's thoughts, to distract; 
maximis occupationibus distineri, Cic. 

distinguo -stinxi -stinetum, 3. (from dis and 
* stigo, stinguo, connected with crri^'o). I. to sepa- 
rate, divide. A. Lit.', onus numero distinxiteodem, 
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to separate, distinguish ; dis- 
tinguere voces in partes, Cic. ; vera a falsis, Cie. ; 
impers., quid inter naturam et rationem iutersit 
non distinguitur, Cic. ; 2, grammat. t.t, to punc- 
tuate, Quint. II. Meton. A. to point out, •mark 
out; nigram medio frontem distinctus ab albo, 
Cv. B. to decorate, adorn ; pocula ex auro 
quae.genunis erant distincta clarissimis, Cic. ; 
»f oratory, oratio distinguitur atque illustrator 
aliqua re, Cic. C. to vary, change, give variety 
to ; historiam variotato locoruin, Cic. 

disto, 1. (dis -sto). I. to be opart, separate, 
distant ; l f of space, quae turres pedes LXXX 
inter se. distareut, Caes. ; 2, of time, quantum 
distet ab Inacho Codrus, Hor. II. Transf., to 
differ, be distinct ; inter se, Cic. ; ab aliquo, Cic. ; 
scunae (dat.), Hor. ; impers., distat, there is a 
difference, Cic. 

distorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. to twist apart, 
distort ; ora cachinno, Ov. ; oculos, Hor. 

dlstortio -onis, f. (distorqueo), distortion; 
membrorum, Cic. 

distortus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superL. (distorqueo), distorted, deformed. A. 
Lit., crura, Hor. ; of persons.distortusGallus.Cic 
B. Transf., of discourse, perverse; nullum 
(genus enuntiandi) distortius, Cic. 

distraotio -onis, f. (distraho), 1, a dividing, 
separating; humanorum animorum, Cic. ; 2, 
disunion, dissension ; nulla nobis societas cum 
tyrannis et potius summa distractio est, Cic. 

distr&ho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to pull apart, 
tear asunder, tear im, pieces. A. Lit., 1, gf-n., 
vallum, Liv.; corpus, Cic; equis distrahi,Verg.; 
acies distrahitur, is divided, Caes. ; fuga dis- 
trahit aliquos, Cic ; 2, esp., a, to sell property 
try auction, to put up for sale; agros p Tac ; b, 



| grammat. t. t., to leave a hiatus in a verse; voces, 
I Cio. B. Transf., 1, distrahi in contrarias partes 
(or sententias), Cic. ; oratovis industriam in 
j plura stadia, to* distract, Cic; 2, esp., a, tn 
dissolve, a league or union ; oinnem societatem 
civitatis, Cic. ; concilium Boeotorum, Liv. ; dis- 
trahi cum aliquo, to fall out with some one, Cic. ; 
b, to bring tn naught; banc rem, Caes.; c, to 
settle a dispute; controversias, Cic. II. to tear 
from something. A. Lit., aliquem a complexu 
suorum, Cic. B. Transf., te estrange; aliquem 
ab aliquo, Cic. 

distribiio -tti -utum, 3. to distribute, divide. 

I. Cen., populum in quiuque classes, Cic. ; 
pecunias exercitui, Caes. II. Esp., to arrange 
or divide logically ; eausam in crimen et in auda- 
ciam, Cic. 

distribute, adv. with compar. (distributus), 

methodically, with logictd arrangement ; scribere, 
Cic. 

distributio -onis, f. (distribuo), a, a divi- 
sion, distribution, Cic. ; b, logical arrangement 
of ideas, Cic 

distributus -a -um, p. adj. (distribuo), 
logically arranged ; expositio, Cic. 

dlstrictus -a -um, p. adj. (from distringo), 
a ? busy, occupied, engaged; contentione ancipiti, 
Cic ; b, severe, Tac. 

distringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. A. Lit., to 
draw apart, stretch out,; radiis rotarum district! 
pendent, Verg.; tig., destriotus enim milii videris 
esse, to be on the rack, Cic. B. Transf., to en- 
gage an enemy at different points, divert, occupy ; 
Hannibalem in Africam mitteread distringendos 
Romanos, to make a diversion, Liv. 

disturbatlo -6nis, f. (disturbo), destruction ; 
Corinthi, Cic. 

disturbo, 1. to drive apart, separate with 
violence, throw into confusion. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
contionem gladiis, Cic. B. to destroy, raze to 
the ground; domum muam, Cic; aedes, Lucr. 

II. Transf., to bring to naught, frustrate, ruin; 
societatem, Cic; legem, Cic. 

ditesco, 3. (3. dis), to become rich, Hor. 

dithyrambicus -a -um (Si0vpap./JiKos), 
dilhy iambic ; poenia, Cic. 

dithyraaibus -i, m. («i0upa/u/3o?), a dilhy- 
rambic poem (originally in honour of Bacchus), 
Cic. 

ditio (dicio) -Onis, f. power, sovereignty, 
authority; esse in ditione alicuius, to be in the 
power of, Cic. ; facere ditionis suae, Liv. ; red- 
igere bellicosissimas gentes in ditionem huius 
imperii, Cic; urbes multas sub impevium populi 
Romani ditionemque subjungere, Cic. ; rem 
Nolanam in jus ditionemque dare Poeno, Liv. 

ditior, ditissimus, v. S. dis. 

1. ditis, v. 3. dis. 

2. Ditis, v. 2. dis. 

dlto, 1. (3. dis), to enrich, make wealthy; 
praemiis belli socios, Liv. ; militem ex hostibus, 
Liv. ; pass., ditari as middle, to become rich, 
Liv. ; transf, sermonem patrium, Hor. 

1. diu, adv. (old abl. of dies). I. by day; diu 
noctuque, Tac, II. 1, a long time, a long while, 
lasting for a long time; tam diu, jam diu, Cic. ; 
diu multumque or multuru diuque, Cic. ; 2, a 
long time ago ; jam diu, Cic. Compar., diutius ; 
a, longer, Cic. ; b, too long, Cic. ; paulo diutius 
abesse, Liv. Superl., diutissime, Cic, Caes. 

2. diu, v. dius. 

diurnus -a -um (for diusnus, from dies). 
I. lasting for a day; opus, a day's work, Cic; 
cibus, rations, Liv. Subst., a, diurnum -i, n. 
journal, account-book of house expenditure kept hr 



diu 



179 



dir 



a slave, Juv. ; t>, diurna -ormn, v. acta. II. 
happening by day ; magna diurna nocturnaque 
itinera, Caes. ; metus diurni nocturnique, Cic. 

dius -a -um (archaic and poet, form of divus), 
god-like. I. Adj., A. Lit., dius Fidius, v. 
Fidius. B. Transf., 1, noble ; dia Camilla, 
Verg.; 2, beautiful, fine ; sententia dia Catonis, 
Hor. II. Subst, dium -ii, n., sub dio, and 
(archaic) sub diu, in the open air, Lucr. 

diutinus -a -um (diu), lasting a long time, 
long ; servitus, Cic. 

diutius, diutissime, v. l. diu. 

diuturmtas -atis, f. (diuturnus), long dura- 
tion ; temporis, Cic. ; belli, Caes. 

diuturnus -a -um(l. diu), lasting a longtime, 
of long duration; gloria, bellum, Cic; of per- 
sons, quae nupsit, non diuturna fuit, did not live 
long, Ov. ; non potes esse diuturnus, you, cannot 
remain long in your position, Cic. 

divarico, 1. to stretch apart, spread out; 
hominem, Cic. 

divello -velli -vulsum (-volsum), 3. I. to 
pluck apart, tear asunder, separate by force. A. 
Lit., suos artus lacero morsu, Ov. B. Transf., 
1, res a natura copulatas, Cic. ; commoda civ- 
ium, Cic; 2, to break up, destroy; afiinitatem, 
Cic; somnum, interrupt, Hor. II. to tear away, 
remove, separate. A. Lit., liberos a complexu 
parentum, Cic; se ab hoste, Liv. B. Transf., 
divelli, to tear oneself aivay from; ab otio, a 
voluptate, Cic , . 

divendo (-vendidi) -vendftum, 3. to sell in 
separate lots; bona populi Romani, Cic. 

divefbero, 1. to strike apart, cleave, divide ; 
volucres auras sagitta, Verg. 

diverbium -Ii, n. (dis and -verbum), a dia- 
k>gue on the stage, Liv. 

diverse, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(diversus), in different directions, differently, 
diversely ; inconstaus est, quod ab eodem de 
eadem re diverse dicitur, Cic. 

diversitas -atis, f. (diversus), 1, contrariety, 
disagreement; inter exercituin imperatoremque, 
Tac , 2, difference, diversity; supplicii, Tac. 

diversorium, v. deversorium. 

diversus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (diverto), turned in different directions. 
I. .A. Lit., diversam aciem in duas partes 
constituere, Caes. ; diversi abeunt, they go dif- 
ferent ways, Liv. ; ubi plures diversae semitae 
erant, leading different ways, Liv. B. Transf., 
inconstant, irresolute, wavering, indecisive; metu 
ac libidinetliversus agebatur, Sail.; in diversum 
auctores trahunt utrum . . . an, are not agreed, 
Liv. C. separate, isolated ; legatos alium ex 
alio diversos aggreditur, Sail. ; ex locis tarn 
longinquis tamque diversis, Cic II. turned 
aavay from, in a different direction. A. Lit, 
1, quo diversus abis, Verg. ; diversis a ilumine 
regionibus, Caes. ; 2, lying out of the way, re- 
mote; de Achaiae urbibus regionis a se diversae, 
Liv. ; arva colebat diversa Aetnae, Ov. ; 3, in 
an opposite direction; equi in diversum iter 
concitati, Liv. ; anguli maxime inter se diversi, 
Cic B. different, opposed; a, hostile; acies, 
Tac ; b, different, opposed in clmracter or nature ; 
witli a or ab, haeo videntur esse a proposita 
ratione diversa, Cic. ; with inter se, diversa inter 
se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, Sail. ; absol., 
varia et diversa stadia et artes, Cic; of persons, 
different in character ; ab aliquo, Cic. 

diverto (divorto) -verti (-vorti), 3. to turn 
away, to diverge from, differ, Plaut 

dives -vitis, compar. divitlor -ius, genir, 
; 5ris, superl. divltisslmus. rich, wealthy. 



1. Lit., a, of persons, ex pauperrimo dives factus 
est, Cic. ; with abl., agris, Hor. ; with genit, 
pecoris, Verg.; b, of things, ten's dives amomo, 
Ov. II. Transf., rich ; a, epistola, containing 
much, Ov.; lingua, eloquent, Hor.; divitior lluxit 
dithyrambus, Cic. ; b, precious, costly; cultus, 
rich dress, Ov. 

divexo, 1. (dis and vexo), to tear asunder, 
destroy, plunder ; agros civium optiuiorum, Cic 

divldo -visi -visum, 3. (from dis and root 
VID, whence viduus). I. to separate, divide. 
A. Lit., 1, gen., omne auimal secari ac dividi 
potest, Cic; 2, to destroy; uiuros, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, a, to divide into parts; exercituin in 
duas partes, Caes. ; Gallia est oinnis divisa in 
partes ties, Caes. ; populurn in duas partes, Cic; 
D, of logical division, genus universum in 
species certas partiri et dividere, Cic. ; c, polit. 
t. t, sententiam ; to divide a resolution into 
parts so that each part can be voted on, Cic. ; 2, 
a, to divide among persons, distribute, allot; 
agrum, bona viritiin, Cic ; praedam per rnilites, 
Liv. ; b, to separate a multitude into different 
places; in hiberna exercitum Magnesiam et 
Tralles Ephesumque, Liv.-; c, poet.,' imbelli 
cithara carmina, to sing, Hor. II. to separate 
two wholes from one another. A. Gen., a, lit., 
to divide ; Gallos ab Aquitania Garumna dividjt, 
Caes.; b, transf., to distinguish ; legem bonam 
a mala, Cic. B. to adorn ; gemma fulvum quae 
dividit aurum, Verg. 

dividuus -a -um (divido), 1, divisible, Cic. ; 

2, divided, parted ; aqua, Ov. 

divinatio -onis, f. (divino), 1, the gift of 
prophecy, divination, Cic. ; 2, legal t t., the 
selection of a prosecutor out of several, Cic. 

divine, adv. (divinus), 1, by divine inspira- 
tion, prophetically, Cic. ; 2, divinely, admirably, 
excellently. Cic 

divinitas -atis, f. (divinus). I. a divine 
nature, divinity, Cic II. A. the power of pro- 
phecy or divination, Cic. B. excellence, surpass- 
ing merit (of an orator), Cic. • 

divinitus, adv. (divinus). I. Lit., divinely, 
by divine influence, Cic. II. Transf., A. by 
inspiration, by means of divination, Cic. B. ad- 
mirably, nobly, diviitely; loqui, Cic 

divino, 1. (divinus), to foretell, prophesy, fore- 
bode, divine the future; with ace, hoc, Cic; 
with rel. sent., quid futurum sit latrocinio tribu- 
lioium non divino, Cic. ; absol., quiddam prae- 
sentiens atque divinans, Cic. 

divinus -a -um, adj. with compar. and superl. 
(divus). I. belonging or relating to a deity, 
divine ; res divina, the service of the gods, Cic. ; 
so res divinae, but res dhinae (also) = natural 
objects as opp. to res humanae, and natural law 
as opp. to res humanae, positive law, Cic. Subst., 
divinum -i, n. a sacrifice, Liv. ; plur., divina, 
divine things, Liv. ; the attributes of the gods, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. divinely inspired,^ pro- 
phetic, Cic; vates, apoe.t, Hor.; subst, divinus 
-i, m. a seer, Cic B. divine, excellent, noble, 
admirable; divinus ille vir, Cic 

divisio -onis, f. (divido), 1, division; a, 
orbis terrae, Sail.; b, rhet tt, division of a 
subject, Cic. ; 2, distribution ; agrorum, Tac. 

divisor -oris, m. (divido), 1, a divider, dis- 
tributor, csp. of lands in a colony, Cic. ; 2, a 
hired bribery agent, Cic 

1. divisus -a -um, partic. of divido. 

2. divisus -us, m. (divido), division; Mace- 
donia divisui facilvs, Liv. 

divitiae -aruro, f. (dives), riches, wealth. I, 
Lit. , superare Crassum divitiis. Cjc, H, Transf., 
ingenii, Cic. 



div 



180 



dol 



divortium -ii, n. (diverto or divorto). I. 
Of things, a, of places, the point where roads, 
etc. separate, cross-roads ; divortia nota, Verg. ; 
b, ike boundary line between two continents or 
countries ; artissiinuni inter Europam Astaiimue 
divortium, Tac. II. Of persons, a, fl divorce; 
divortium facere cumaliqua, Cic; b, separation 
generally, Cic. 

divorto, v. diverts. 

divulgatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from divulgo), 
spread abroad, made common ; inagiatrafcUB levis- 
sinius et divulgatissiinus, Cic. 

divulgo (divolgo), 1. (dis and vulgo or 
volgo), 1, to make public, publish, spread abroad ; 
librum, Cic. ; rem sennouibus, Cic ; 2, to make 
common.; cuius primum tenipus aetatis palani 
fuisset ad oniniiini libidines divulgatum, Cic. 

divus -a -inn (from deus). I. Adj., belonging 
to the deity, divine; diva pareus, Verg II. 
Subst. A. dlVUS -i, m. a god, Cic. ; diva -ae, 
f. a goddess, Liv. ; in imperial times divus was 
the epithet of the deified emperors, divi genus, 
of Octavlanus, Verg. B. divum -i, n. the sky; 
only in the phrase, sub divo, in the open air, 
Cic. 

do, dedi, dStum, dare, to give, offer. A. 
aliquid ; 1, lit,, dare domim, Cic; populo 
Houiano anna, Cic; of letters, send, despatch; 
Ires epistolae eodeni abs te datae tempore, Cie. ; 
dare poenas, to suffer punishment, Cic. ; dare 
lura, to let the reins loose, Verg.; vela dare vent is, 
to sail, Verg. ; dare alicui cervices, to offer the 
neck for punishment, Cic. ; 2, transf., to give, 
lend, bestow, offer; alicui vitam, Cic; nomea 
alicui rei, Liv. ; dare alicui fasces, consular power, 
Cic. ; cum locum colloquio, to fix, Liv. ; accipio 
quod datur, what is offered, Cic. ; corpori omne 
tempus, Cic; id misericordiae, to grant, give tip, 
Cic. ; dare alicui contiouem, Cic. ; dare urbem 
excidioao minis, Liv. B. aliquem (also corpus, 
membra, animum) ; 1, lit, dare arbitruni, Cic; 
natam genero, Verg.; 2, transf., aliquam in 
matriraonium, Caes. ; aliquem morti, Hor. ; 3, 
dare se or pass, dari, to give oneself up ; se dare 
alicui in couspeetum, Cic. ; to throw oneself; se 
iu viam, Cic. ; dare se (alicui) obvium, to meet, 
Liv.; dare se soinuo, Cic; se laboriet itineribus, 
Cic C. to give something from oneself; 1, lit., 
clarnorern, to utter, Verg. ; d3rc (alicui) rcspon- 
sura, Cic; dare litem secundum aliquem, to 
'■..■idein one's favour, Cic; impetuin in aliquem, 
Liv.; 2, transf., alicui doloiem, Cic; docu- 
nienta dare, Cic 

doceo, ddcui, doctum, 2. (DOC -co, causa- 
tive of DIC-sco — i.e., disco), to teach, instruct. 
I. Gen., with ace, aliquem, Cic; aliquem equo 
armisque, Liv. ; aliquem fldibus, Cic. ; with ad, 
ad quam (legem) noil docti, Cic; with adv., 
aliquem Latine, Cic. ; jus civile, Cic. ; with 
double ace, aliquem litteras, Cic; de aliqua re, 
with infiu., aliquem sapere, Cic; absol., quum 
doceo et explano, Cic. II. Ksp., a, theatr. t.t., 
docere fabulam, like iiiaoxeti/ fyxijia. (lit., to teach 
a play to the actors), to bring out, exhibit, Cic. ; 
b, to bring a. matter before a public body or 
patron ; judices de injuriis, Cic. 

doobraius ii, m. (ioxmo?, sc nous), a 
species of fool, :•> jxictry, the dochmiac Joot 

(,j yj _), CiC. 

rtocflis -e, adj. with compar. (doceo)) leach- 

able, docile, attentive; attentus judex et docilis, 
Cic. ; docilis ad hanc disciplinary), Cic ; with 
genit., modorum, Hor. 

ddcIHtas -atis, f. (docilis), teachableness, do- 
cility, Cic. 

docte.adv. with compar. and superL (doctus), 
learnedly, skilfully; luctari, Hor. 



doctor -oris, m. (doceo), a teacher; eiusdem 
sapientiae doctores, Cic. 

doctrlna -ae, f. (doceo), 1, teaching, instruc- 
tion; puerilis, Cic; honestarum rerum, Cic; 
] 2, that which is imparled in teaching, knowledge, 
learning; Piso Oraecis doctrinis eruditus, Cic; 
anitnoa nostros doctriua excolere, Cic. 

dootus -a -uni, p. adj. witli compar. and 
xuperl. (from doceo), 1, a, of persons, learned, 
instructed, well-informed ; Graecis litteris et 
Latinis, Cic. ; ex disciplina Stoicorum, Cic. ; 
subst., docti -nniiii, learned men ; with genit., 
fandi, Verg. ; with ace, dulces modos, Hor. ; 
b, of things that show learning, ars, Ov. ; ser- 
mones, Cic; 2, experienced, clever, shrewd; 
doctus usu, Caes. ; aetate et usu, Liv. 

ddouznen -Inis, n. = docunientum (q.v.). 

documentum -i, n. (doceo), example, pat- 
tern, learning, proof; P. Rutilius documentum 
fuit hominibus nostris virtutis, Cic. ; alicui docu- 
ments esse, Caes. ; documentum sui dare, Liv. 

Dodona -ae and -e -es, f. (AajSou-r)), a city of 
Epirus, renowned for its oak groves and oracle; 
hence adj., 1, Dodonaeus -a -um, of Dodona; 
2, Dodonis -Idis, f. of Dodona. 

dodrans -untis, m. (de and quadrans), three- 
fourths ; 1, gen., aedificii reliquuin dodraiitem 
emere, Cic. ; heres ex dodraute, heir to three- 
fourths of the property, Suet. ; 2, esp., a, as a 
superficial measure = three-fourtlis of an acre, 
Liv.; b, as a measure of length, nine inches, 
three-fourths of a foot, Plin. 

dodratltariUS -a -um (dodrans), belonging 
to three-fourths ; tabulae, the register of debts in- 
troduced by the lex Valeria feneratoria, whereby 
the debts were reduced to one-fourth, Cic 

dogma -5trS, n. (Soy^a), a philosophical doc- 
trine, principle, dogma, Cic 

Dolabella -ae, in. a Roman family name of 
the gens Cornelia, the best known member of which 
is P. Cornelius Dolabella, the son-in-law oj 
Cicero. 

dolabra -ae, f. (1. dolo), an axe, hatcliet, a 
military implement, Liv. 

d6lenter, adv. with compar. (doleo), pain- 
fully, sorrowfully ; hoc dicere, Cic 

doleo -dMili, fut. parti'c d&liturus, 2. to 
suffer pain. I. Of bodily pain, pes, caput dulet, 
Cic II. Mentally, 1, of persons, to suffer pain, 
to grieve, bewail; de Hortensio, Cic; nieum 
casum luctumque doluerunt, Cic. ; with ace and 
iulinit., se a suis superari, Cie; foil, by quod, 
Caes.; si, Hor.; absol., aeque dolendo, Cic; 
2, of things, a, <o grieve; injecta monstris 
terra dolet suis, Hor.; b, to cause pain; nihil 
cuiquam doluit, Cic. 

ddliolum -i, n. (dim. of dolium), a. little 
cask, Liv. 

dolium -ii, ii. a large earthenware jar or 
v;ooden cask, in which new wine was placed ; de 
dolio haurire, to drink new wine, Cie 

1. ddlo, 1. I. to hew with an axe; robur, 
Cic; transf., alicuius caput lumbosque saligno 
fuste, to cudgel, Hor. II. to work with. an. axe ; 
non est (homo) o saxo sculptus aut e roborc 
dolatus.Cie; transf., illud opus, to work roughly, 
Cic. 

2. <i6lo or dolon -or.is, in. (5o.W'), 1, a 
wooden staff with an iron point, Verg. ; transf, 
the sting of a fly, Phaedr. ; 2, a small foresail, 
Liv. 

Dolops -!6pis and plur. DolSpes -um, ace. 
-as, m. (AdAon-e?), the Dolopcs, a, people in Thes- 
saly. Hence, Dolopia -ac, f. (AoXon-i'a), the 
country of the Dolopes. 

dolor -oris, m. (dojeo). I, bodily pain { 



dol 



181 



dom 



anguish ; pedum, Cic. ; laterutu, Hor. II. mental 
pain, grief, sorrow. A. Lit., 1, gen., injuriae, 
Cues. ; dolorem accipere aliqua re or ex aliqua 
re, Cic. ; tanto dolore aflici ut, etc., Cic. ; dol- 
orein alicui facere or etticere, or dare, or afferre, 
Cic. ; hoc est mihi dolori, Cic. ; 2, rancour, 
animosity, Cic. ; quo dolore exarsit, Caes. B. 
Meton., a, the cause of sorrow, Ov. ; b, in rhet., 
pathos, Cic. 

dolose, adv. (dolosus), deceitfully, craftily; 
agi dolose, Cic. 

dolosus -a -urn (dolus), crafty, deceitful, 
cunning; consilia, Cic. 

dolus -i, m. (SdAos). I. Legal t. t., dolus 
mains, fraud; quum ex eo quaereretur quid 
esset Dolus malus, respondebat quum esset 
aliud simulatum, aiiud actum, Cic. II. A. 
fraud, deceit, guile; fraus ac dolus, Cic; ut 
magis virtute quani dolo contenderent, Caes. 
B. Meton., trick; dolos (= retia) saltu deludit, 
Ov.^ 

domabllis -e (domo), that can be tamed, tame- 
able; Cantaber, Hor. 

domesticus -r. -um (domus). I. belonging 
to the house or the family, domestic; luctus, Cic. ; 
ilifncultas, poverty, Cic. ; tempus, spent at home, 
Cic; domesticus homo, Cic, and subst. domes- 
ticus, Ov., a friend of the house, member of a 
family; plur., domestic! -orum, m. the in- 
mates of one's house, members of one's family, Cic 
II. Transf., private, domestic, native (opp. to 
foreign or public) ; cnidelitas, towards citizens, 
Cic. ; si superavissent vel domesticis opibus vel 
externis auxiliis, Caes.; bellum, civil war, Cic. 

domicilium -D, n. (domus), a place of resi- 
dence, dwelling. A. Lit., aliud domicilium, 
alias sedes parant, Caes. ; domicilium collocare 
in aliquo loco, Cic. B. Transf., imperii, Rome, 
Cic. ; superbiae, Cic 

ddmlna -ae, f. (dominus). I. the mistress of 
« household, lady, Verg. II. mistress, queen, 
tody, A. Lit., a, as a term of respect to god- 
desses, of Venus, Ov. ; of Cybele, Verg. ; b, like 
■English mistress, a sweetlieart, Tib. B. Transf., 
ruler, controller; justitia domina virtutum, Cic. ; 
fors domina cainpi, Cic. 

dominatio -Cnis, f. (domino), irresponsible 
power, despotism, arbitrary government. I. Lit., 
_\. unius, Cic. ; Cinnae, Cic. B. Meton. = do- 
jninantes, absolute rulers, Tac II. Transf., 
governing ; teinperantia est rationis in libidinem 
Jnna et moderata dominatio, Cic. 

dominator -oris, m. (dominor), rider, 
governor ; rerum Deus, Cic 

dominatrix -Icis, f. (fern, of dominator), a 
despotic mistress; transf., caeca ac temeraria 
tniini cupiditas, Cic. 

dominatus -us, m. (dominor), 1, absolute 
power ; dominatus regius, Cic. ; 2, rule; domin- 
ittus enpiditatum, Cic 

dominium -ii, n. (dominus), 1, rule, power, 
gen.; 2, a. feast, banquet; huiusargento dominia 
vestra ornari, Cic. 

dominor, 1. dep. (dominus), to ride, be lord 
or master, to domineer ; in adversarios, Liv. ; 
summfi aree, Verg.; domlnari Alexandriae, Cic; 
In suos, Cic. ; in nobis, Cic ; in enpite fortun- 
Isque hominum hoiiestissimoruni, Cic ; in 
Jndieiis, Cic; transf., doininatur libido, Cic; 
quod nnuin in orotore dominator, wherein, the 
strength of the orator consists, Cic 

dominus -i, m. (domus). I. the master of a 
terns*, the hew! of the household, lord, master ; 
plur., domini, master and mistress, Cic. IX. 
A. Lit., 1, master, owner, possessor; aedificii, 
uavis* Cic; 2 t lord, ruler; in aliqucra, Cic; 



gentium, Cic. ; rei (of the judge), Cic. J esp., a, 
a lover, Ov. ; b, attrib., belonging to a master; 
poet., manua dominae, Ov. ; 3, the arranger, a 
person that orders something ; of gladiatorial 
games, Cic. ; of an auction, Cic ; with or with- 
out convivii or epuli, the person who arranges a 
feast, host, Cic B. Transf., ruler ; vitae necis- 
que, over life and deajh, Liv. ; comitiorum dom- 
inum esse, Cic. 

domiporta -ae, f. (domus and porta), she 
who carries her house upon her back, the snail, 
ap. Cic. 

Domitianus -i, m. T. Flavins Domitiamis 
Augustus, son of Vespasian, brother of Titus, born 
51 a d., Emperor of Rome from SI a.d. to 96 a.d. 

Domitius -a -um, name of a plebeian gens at 
Rome, the most famous members of which were : — 
Cn. Domitius Calvinus, consul 53 B.C.; Cn. Dom- 
itius Ahenobarbus, consul 122 B.C., conqueror 
of the Allobroges; Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus,. 
tribune 104 B.C., proposer of the lex Domitia rte 
sacerdotiis (by which the priesthoods were filled up 
by the votes of 11 tribes chosen by lot) ; L. Domitius 
Ahenobarbus, consul 54 B.C., general and adhe- 
rent of Pompeius ; Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, 
father of the Emjxror Nero; Cn. Domitius Cor- 
bulo, successful general in Germany and Armenia 
under the Emperors Claudius and Nero. Adj.= 
Domitian ; via, road in Gaul made by Domitius 
Ahenobarbus, the conqueror of the Allobroges, Cic. 
Hence, Domitianus -a -um, of Domitius; 
milites, tlie soldiers of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, 
Caes. 

domito, 1. (intens. of domo), to tame, subdue-; 
boves, Verg. ' 

domitor -oris, m. (domo), a tamer. L Lit, 
a, of animals, equorum, a horse-breaker, Cic ; 
b f of man, conquerer, ■;■ ictor ; domitor Persarum, 
Cic. II. Transf., Saturnius domitor maris alti, 
Verg. 

domitrix -Icis, f. (fern, of domitor), she who 
tames; Epidaurus domitrix equorum, Verg. ; 
clava domitrix ferarum, Ov. 

domitUS, abl. -ii, m. (domo), taming; em« 
cimus domitu nostro quadrupedum vectiones.Cic 

domo, dflmui, dSmltum, 1. to tame, break in. 
X. Lit., a, animals, beluas, Cic. ; equos stimulo 
et verbere, Ov, ; b, men, peoples, countries, 
&c to conquer, subdue; hasta pugnantem, Ov. ; 
maximas nationes virtute, Cic II. Trausf, a, 
concrete objects, ipsius fluminis vim, Liv. ; 
arbores multa mercede, Verg. ; uvas prelo. to 
press, Hor. ; b, abstract objects, domitas habere 
libidines, Cic. ; invidiam, Hor. 

domus -us, f. (cf. Gk. root AEM, ien-u, whence 
S6fiOi). I. A. Lit., a house (as a dwelling-place, 
as a home, seat of family, etc., while Redes = 
house as a building), as opp. to insula (which 
was let out in fiats or lodgings ; domus = a 
house vrith its outbuildings and garden; domum 
aedlticure, Cic; aliquein tecto et domo invitare, 
Cic ; used adverbially, doini, at home, in the 
house, Cic. ; meae domi (tnae, suae, nostrae, etc.), ut 
my house, Cic. ; alienaedomi, inthe house of another, 
Cic. ; domi nliquid habere, to hare at home, to 
fiossess, be provided with, Cic. ; domum, home, 
towards home, homeward, Cic ; domo, from home, 
out of the house, Cic B, Tnmsf., poet, a dwell- 
ing-place, of birds, Verg. ; of the gods, Verg.; of 
the spirits of the dead, Verg. ; of the labyrinth, 
Verg. II. Meton., A. 1, inmates of a hmtse, 
househoUl, Cic. ; 2, a philosophical school or sect, 
Cic. ; Socratica domus, Hor. B. a liouseliold-, 
management of a hmise, Cic. C. home, votive 
country; domi, at home, in one's own country,- 
Cic ; domi militiaeque, Cic, belli domique, Liv.,- 
in peace and in war (archaic genit. or local. 



don 



182 



dub 



domi. in classical writers only = at home ; (Int. 
domui, abl. generally doiuo, also domu ; plur. 
nom. domus, ace. domns and doinos, genit. 
donnuiin and domorum, dat. and abl. domibus). 

donarium -li, n. (donum), 1, temple, shrine, 
altar, Yerg., Ov. ; 2, a votive offering, Liv. 

donatio -onis f. (dono), a giving, gift, 
present, donation, Cic. 

donativum -i, n. (dono), an imperial 
largess, or donative to the soldiery, Tnc. 

donSc, conj. (shortened from doncque, don- 
lque), 1, as long as, while, Llv. ; donee gratus 
eram tibi, Hor. ; 2, until, Cic. ; with usque eo, 
Cic. ; or eo usque, Liv. 

dono, 1. (donum). I. (nlicui aliquld), to give 
as a present, to present. A. Gen., 1, lit., non 
pauea suis adjutoribus, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to 
grant, bestoio; alicui aeternam immortal-itateni, 
Cic; poet., with infln., alicui divinare, Hor.; b, 
to sacrifice, give up to; inimicitias reipublicae, 
Caes. B. Esp., 1, lit. to remit a debt or obliga- 
tion, ; alicui aes alienum, Cic ; 2, trausf. to 
forgive, pardon (for the sake of someone else), 
noxae damnatus donatur populo Romano, Liv. 
DL (aliquem aliqua re), to present a person with 
something; cohortem railitaribus douis, Cacs. 

donum -i, n. (dare), a gift, present ; 1, gen., 
dona nuptialia, Cic. ; dono dare, to give as a 
present, Ter. ; 2, esp., a gift to the gods, a votive 
offering, Cie. 

D onus a -ae, f. (Aopovo-i'a), an island in the 
Aegean Sea, east of Naxos. 
■ dorcas -idis, f. (SopKai), a gazelle, antelope, 
Mart. 

Dores -urn, m. (A<dpi«i>), the Dorians, one of 
the Hellenic races; hence, 1, adj., Dorlcus 
a -urn, poet.= Greek, Verg."p2, Dorius -a -tun, 
Dorian; 3, Doris -Idis, f. Dorian; subst., 
a, Doris, a country in the north of Greece; b, 
the wife of Nereus, and mother of the fifty Nereids ; 
ineton. the sea, Verg. 

1. Doris, v. Dores. 

2. Doris -Idis, f. (Awpi'y), wife of Dionysius I. 
of Syracuse. 

dormio -Ivi or -li, -Hum, 4. 1, to sleep; se 
dofmitum conferre, Cic. ; ad dormiendum pro- 
flcisci, Cic; dormtentem excitare, Cic. ; innum- 
erabilia saecula dormisse, Cic; 2, to rest, be 
inactive ; beneflcia dormientibus deferuntur, Cic. 

dormito, 1. (dormio), to be sleepy, to begin to 
sleep. A. Lit., dormitanti mihl epistola ilia red- 
dita, Cic. ; jam dormitante lucerna, just going 
out, Ov. B. to dream, be lazy, inactive; ista 
oscitans et dormitnns sapientia Scaevolarum, 
Cic. ; quandoqno bonus donnitat Homerus, nods, 
Hor. 

dorinitor -oris, m. (donnio), a sleeper. Mart. 

dorsum -i, n. (dorsus -i, m.). A. Lit., tlie 
back, cither of men or animals ; dorso onus sub- 
ire, Hor. ; dorsum demulcere equis, Liv. B. 
Transf. uny elevation of similar form; duplex 
(dentalium), the projecting irons of a ploughshare, 
Verg. ; iinmanc dorsum, a rock in the sea, Verg. ; 
of mountains, slope ;jugi, Caes. 

Ddrylacum -i, n. (AopuAatoi'), a town in 
Phrygia. Hence, Ddrylenses -ium, m. the 
inhabitants of Dorylaeum. 

doryphoras -i, m. (Sopv<t>6pos), the lance- 
bearer, the name of a celebrated statue by Poly- 
cletus, Cic. 

dos, dotis, f. (Su><;). A. Lit. a dowry, portion; 
accipere pecuniamabuxore dotis nomine, Caes. ; 
flliae nubili dotem conficere non posse, Cic. B. 
Trans!'., a, a gift; cuius nrtem quum lndotatara 
es»e et incomptam videres, vtrboium earn dote 



loeupletastietornnsti.Cic ; b, a quality, endow- 
ment ; dotes ingenii, Ov. 

dotalis -e (dos), relating or belonging to a 
dowry; praedium, Cic. 

dotatus -a -nm, p. adj. (from doto), richly 
dowered. A. Lit., Aquilia, Cic. B. Transf., 
richly endowed ; Chione dotatissima forma, Ov. 

doto, 1. (dos), to provide with a dowry, ondow; 
sanguine Trojano et Hutulodotabere, Virgo, Verg. 

drachma -ae, f. (Spa\p.ri), 1, a small Greek 
coin, a drachm, about equal in value to a Roman 
denarius, Cic; 2, as a weight, J of an vncia, 
Plin. 

1. draco -onis, m. (Spdiciov), A. a kind of 
snake, drctgon, Cic. B. Meton., a constellation 
so called, Cic 

2. Draco -onis, m. (Ap&Kuv), Draco, cm Athe- 
nian legislator. 

draconigena -ae, c. (draco and gigno) = Spa- 
Koirroyerijs, dragon-born, sprung from dragon- 
seed; urbs, Thebes, Ov. 

Drepanum -i, n. (bpinavov), and Dre- 
pana -orum, n. (ApeVava), a town on tlie wesi 
const of Sicily (now Trapani). Adj. Drepani-. 
tanus -a -uni, of ox belonging to Drepanum. 

dromas -ildis, m. (5pop.as)> a dromedary, 
Liv. 

dromos -i, m. (<Spd/iios), the race-course of tht 
Spartans, Liv. 

Driientia -ae, f. a river in Gallia flowing 
into the Rhone, now the Durance. 

Druides -urn, m., and Driiidae -arum, m. 
(derioydd or dryod, old British = wise man), the 
Druids, the priests of the Celtic nations, Cic 

Drusus -i, in. a cognomen of the Gens Livia 
and Claudia, (1) M. Livius Drusus, murdered 
for attempting to revive some of the (hxicchan laws; 
(2) Nero, son of the Empress Livia, by her first 
husband, Tiberius Claudius Nero. Hence a, adj., 
Drusianus -a -urn and Drusinus -a -urn, oj 
or belonging to Drusus; b, subst. Drusllla 
-ae, f. name of several females of the gens Livia. 

1. Dryas -Mis, f. (Apt/as), a wood nymph, 
Dryad; gen. plur. Dryndes, Verg. 

2. Dryas -antis, m. (ApOas), father of Lycur- 
gus, king of Thrace. Hence Dryantides -ae, 
in. the son of Dryas, i.e. Lycurgus, Ov. 

Dryopes -tun (Apvoires), a Pelasgic people, 
who were driven southwards by the Dorians, and, 
settled in Messenia. 

dubie, adv. (dubius), 1. A. doubtfully, hesi- 
tatingly ; inter eonfessum dubie dubioque negan- 
tein, Ov. B. doubtfully, uncertainly ; ut aliquod 
signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum, Cic. ; 
hence, hand dubie, nee dubie, non dubie, cer- 
tainly, without doubt, Cic. 

Dubis -is, m. river in Gallia Belgica, now the 
Donbs. 

dubitabiUs -e (dubito), doubtful, uncertain, 
Ov. 

dubitanter, adv. (dubito), 1, doubtingly ; 
dnbitanter unum quodque dicemus, Cic. ; 2, 
hesitatingly ; illud verecundi et dubitnntes re- 
cepisse, Cic 

dubitatio -Onis, f. (dubito) I. doubt, un- 
certainty ; sine ulla dubitatione, certainly, Cic; 
res non babet dubitationein, the matter admits 
of no doubt, Cic. ; with obj. genit., dubitatio ad- 
ventus legfonuro, doubt as to the coming, Cic; 
withde, illaSocraticadubitatiode omnibus rebus, 
Cic; with rel. sent., si qunndo dubitatio accidit, 
quale sit id, etc., Cic. ; followed by quin when 
a negative precedes, hie locus nihil habet dubi- 
tationi sqnin, etc atlmitsof no ilou'it that, Cic. ;m\Ua. 
dubitatio eat quin, etc., Cic : nisi dubit.'itionera 



dub 



183 



dum 



affert quin, etc., Cic. II. hesitation, wavering, 
irresolution ; dubitatio belli, as to the conduct of 
the war, Cic. ; angunt me dubitationes tuae, Cic. 

dubito, 1. (dubius). I. to doubt, waver in 
opinion, be uncertain; de hoc, Cic. ; haec, Cic. ; 
utrum sit utilius an, etc., Cic. ; honestumne 
facta sit. an turpe, Cic. ; non dubito quid, etc. ; 
non dubito quin, etc., / have no doxdit tluit, Cic' 
II. to wai'er in resolution, hesitate; a, of persons, 
quid dubitas, Caes. ; dubito, foil, by innn., Cic. ;' 
non dubito-, foil, by infln., Cic. ; non dubito, 
foil, by quin, Cic. ; b, of things, dubitavit aciei 
pais, Sail. 

dublUS -a -um (duo)! I. Subject., doubting. 

A. wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, un- 
certain, Cic. ; with genit., sententiae, Liv. ; haud 
dubius, foil, by ace. and iufin., confident that, Liv. 

B. wavering in resolve, hesitating, uncertain, 
irresolute; dubius an transiret, Liv. II. Object., 
doubted, doubtful. A. undecided, uncertain, 
doubtful ; genus causae, Cic. ; victoria, Caes. ; 
caelum, cloudy, Ov.; non est dubium quin, there is 
no doubt that, Cic. ; dubiumne est or cui dubium 
est quin? Cic. ; num or nemini dubium est, with 
ace. and infln., Cic.; neut. ^ubst., generally 
with a prepos., in dubium vocare or revocare, 
to nutkc doubtful, Cic. ; sine dubio, Cic. ; procul 
dubio, without doubt, Liv. B. lleton. doubtful, 
dubious, dangerous, critical; res dubia, Sail. ; 
tempora, Hor. 

duceni -ae -a (distrib. of ducenti), two hun- 
dred each, Liv. 

ducentesima ae, f. (fern, of ducentesimus, 
from ducenti, sc. pars), the two hundredth part-, 
as a tax, one-half per cent., Tac. 

ducenti -ae -a (duo and centum), 1, two 
hundred, Cic. ; 2, generully any large number, 
Hor. 

ducenties, adv. (ducenti), two hundred 
times, Cic. 

duco, duxi, ductum, 3. I. to draw. A. Gen., 
frena nianu, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to drag behind; 
sidera crinem ducunt, Verg. ; 2, tfidr nu ;t n, n , ! r ^ 
SiMself; a, lit., ducere remos, to row, Ov. ; co- 
lorem, to get a darker colour, Verg. ; 1b, transf., 
(o) tn m clmrm t ({ ((rast. ; fabellarum auditione xLuc- 
untu r. Cic. ; (j3) to draw away, mislead; errore 
duci, Cic. ; (y) to draw to, influence; me ad cred- 
endum tua ducit oratio, Cic. ; 3, to draw in; 
aera spiritu, Cic. ; poet., somnos, to sleep, Verg. ; 
to quaff; pocula Lesbii, Hor. ; 4, to draw out; 
ferritin vagina, Ov. ; sortes, Cic. ; aliquid or 
aliqucm sorte, Cic. ; 5, to draw out, extend, 
make, build, fashion; parietem, Cic. ; milium, 
Liv. ; vallum, Caes. ; ocreas argento, Verg. ; 
' 6, to draw out a thread; lanas, to spin, Ov. ; 
transf., of a poet, carmina, to make verses, Hor. ; 
7, to prolong ; a, to pass ; aetatem in litteris, 
Cic.; b, to delay, protract ; bellum, Cic. ; ali- 
quem diem ex die, to put off, Caes.; 8, to distort; 
os, Cic. ; 9, to draw down ; transf., a, to derive; 
nomen ex aliqua re, Cic. ; etymolog., ab eundo 
nomeii (.lani) est ductum, Cic. ; b, (n heffi*i ab 
eodem verbo dueitur saepius oratio, Cic; 10, to 
count, reckon; fenus quaternis centesimis, Cic ; 
aliquem in hostium numero, Caes. ; aliquid 
parvi, to esteem little, Cic. ; pluris, Cic. ; pro 
nihilo, Cic. ; aliquem despicatui, to despise, Cic. ; 
with accus. and inlin., to consider; qui soregein 
esse ducebat, Cic. II. '" ImtL A. Gen., 1, of 
persons, ducere eqiiuin, Liv.; 2, of things, duxit 
via in leniter editum collem, Liv. B. Esp., 1, 
» polit. and legal t.t., to lead before a court of justice, 
or to lead away for punishment; aliquem in jus, 
Liv. ; in carcerem, in vincula, Cic. ; 2, a, milit. 
t.t., to march ; cohortes ad munitiones, Caes. ; 
absol., ad hosteni, Liv.; b , JSL-caamutnd ; ex- 
ercitus, Caes.; transf., familiain. tobetTTe most 



celebrated of, Cic. ; 3, uxorem ducere, to marry; 
ducere uxorem alicuius filiam, Cic. ; absol., 
ducere ex plebc, to marry from among the plebs, 
Liv. ; 4, to lead- by the nose, cheat, Ov. ; 5, of 
watpv, tf> rpiul\[ct ; aquam in urbeni, Liv. ; Q^to » 
take with oit£ j_suas mulierculas seeum, Cic. ; 7, 
to order, arrange ; alicui funus, Cic. 
• ducto, 1. (intens. of duco), to lead ; exercituin, 
Sail. 

■ duotor -oris, m. (duco), ozkeui&z, covmsm^sr, * 
Cic. ; ordinum dnctqr, twentvnvn, Liv. 
. ductus -Os, m. (duco) I. drawing ; a, oris, 
the lineaments of the face, Cic. ; b, .muri, build- 
ing, Cic. II. leading; 1, niilit. t.t., cammand, 
leadership; alicuius ductu, Cic. ; se ad ductum 
Pompeii applicare, Cic. ; 2, conducting of water ; 
aquarum, Cic. 

dudum, adv. (from diu = die an:. ..:.), 1, a 
little while ago, not long since ; quod tibi dudum 
(Just now) videbatur, Cic; 2, a, quam dudum, 
as long as; quam dudum nihil habeo quod ad 
te scribam, Cic ; b, jam dudum, noiv for a long 
time ; quern jam dudum Cotta et Sulpicius ex- 
pectat, Cic. 

duellum, duellicus, duellator = bel- \j 
lum, bellicus, bellator, q.v. 

Duilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, of 
which the most celebrated was C. Duilius, cons. 2(31 
b.c, who gained a great naval victory oyer the 
Carthaginians, near the Liparean Islands. The 
victory was commemorated by the erection in 
the forum of a column, adorned with the prows 
of ships (columna rostrata). 

dulce, adv. (dulcis), sweetly; canere, Hor. 

duloedo -Inis, f. (dulcis). I. Lit, a sweet 
taste; sanguinis, Ov. II. Transf., a, 8weet)iess, 
pleasantness, cliarm ; dulcedine quadam gloriae 
commoti, Cic ; dulcedine orationis, Cic. ; b, 
desire; dulcedo invasit plebeios creimdi, Liv. 

dulcesco, S. (dulcis), to become sweet, Cic. 

dulciculus -a -um (dim. of dulcis), some- 
what sweet ; potio, Cic. 

dulois -e, adj. with compar. and superl. (con- 
nected with yXvicvs). I. Lit. sweet (opp. amarns), 
vinum, Hor. ; unda, fresh water, Ov. Subst, - 
duloe -is, n. what is sweet, Ov. ; dulcia -ium, 
n. sweet things, Cic. II, Transf. A. tweet, pleas- 
ant, delightful, agreeable ; nomen libertatis, Cic. ; 
poemata, Hor. ; orator, Cic. B. friendly, dear, 
beloved; amici, Cic. ; used in addresses, dulcis- 
sime Attice v Cic. ■ 

dulciter, adv.(dulcis^, with compar. dulcius, 
superl. dulcissime, sweetly, Cic. . .- 

dulcitudo -Inis, f. (dulcis^ sweetness, Cic. 

Dulichium -li, n. (Aov\ix iov )> an island in 
the Ionian Sea, forming part of the kingdom of 
Ulysses. Adj. DullChlus -a -um, 'Ihdichian, 
poet., belonging to Ulysses; rates, Verg. ; dux, 
Ulysses,Ov. 

dum (like quum and turn, the ace. of 
pronoun). I. Adv., joined as an'e'' 
other words, a, with non, nullus, ha 
nondum, not yet, Cic. ; so necdum, 
dum, Cic. ,* nullusdum, no one yet, I 
scarcely yet, Cic. ; nihilduin, notln 
nedum (sc. dicam), not to say, t 
imperat. then ; age dum, Cic. ; ite. 
II. Conj., \,while; generally with i- 
2, as long as; with indicat., Cic 
till; with subj.jCic. ; 4, in* so fin 
provided that; with the subj., Cic. r 
by modo, dummodo, Cic. ; dumne 
not, Cic. ; dummodo ne, Cic 

dumetum -I, n. (dumus), 
thicket, Cic ; flg., cur eaintanta. 
i^t Stoicorum dumeta compellimus, 



dum :: 

dUlUmodo, v. dum. 

Dumnorix -igis, m. brother of the Aeduan 
Divitiacvs. 

dumosus -a -urn (dumus), covered with thorn 
bushes, bushy, Verg. 

dumtaxit = duntaxat, q.v. 

dumua -i, m. a thorn bush, bramble, Cic 

duntaxat (dumtaxat), ndv. (dum and taxo), 
exactly, according to the right measure, not more 
and not less. I.nosnnimo duntaxat vigemus,ns/nr 
as the mind isconcerned, Cic. II. a, only, merely, 
Cic. ; non duntaxat . . . sed, vot only . . . but, 
Liv. ; b, at least, Cic. III. in so far ; exeeptis 
duntaxat iis gentibus, quae regn.intur, Tac. 

dii8 -ae -6 (Svo), two, Cic. 

duo-decles, adv., twelve times, Cic. ' 

duo-decim(duo and decern), tivelve; tabulae, 
Vie Twelve Tables, Cic; sometimes simply duo- 
deciin, the Twelve. 

duo-decimus -a -um (duodecim), the twelfth, 
Caes. 

duo deni -ae -a, 1, twelve each, Cic. ; 2, 
twelve, Verg. 

duo-de-quadragesimus, th irty - eighth, 
Liv. ^ 

duo-de-quadraginta, thirty-eight, Cic. 

duo-de-quinquageslmus -a -wn, the 
forty-eighth, Cic. 

duo- de-triclens (-tricies) adv. , twenty-eight 
times, Cic. 

duo-de-triginta, twenty-eight, Liv. 

diio-de-vlceni -ae -a, eighteen each, Liv. 

du6-de-vlginti, eighteen, Cic. 

diio-et-viceslmani -orum, m. soldiers of 
the 22)k1 'legion, Tac. 

duo-et-vicesimus -a~ -liro, the twenty- 
second, Tac. 

duplex -pllcifi (duo and jilico), 1, double, 
two-fold; amiculum, Nep., amictus, Verg., 
pannus, Hor., a garment folded twice round 
tlte body ; palmae, both hands, Verg. ; 2, a, 
doubled, twice as much; frumentum, stipend- 
inm, Caes. ; b, double-faced, false, deceitful, 
Hor^ 

dupHcarius -a -um (duplex), miles, a 
soldier who gets double rations, Liv. 

duplicitor, adv. (duplex), doubly, Cic. 

duplico, 1. (duplex). I. Lit., to fold in two, 
double up; duplicatque viruin (hasta), transftxa 
dolore, Verg. II. Transf., 1, a. to dcmble ; nuin- 
erum dierum, Cic. ; b, duplieare verba, to 
repeat, Cic. ; 2, a, to lengthen, crescentes umbra- 
(of the sun), Verg. ; b, to increase; duplicari 
soliicitudines, Cic. 

duplus -a -um (duo), twice as much, double; 

l.jad,|., pars, Cic. ; pecnnia, Liv. ; 2, subst., 

duplum -i, n. the double, esp. a double penalty ; 

■m dupli subire or in duplum ire, Cic. ; 

'are in duplum, Cic. 

lus -li, m. (=dno asses pondo), a 

«s, Cic. 

1 -e (duro), lotting, durable, Ov. 
-Inis, n. (duro) hardness ; aquaruiii, 

S-a -um (iovpaTcoO, wooden, applied 
Trojan horse, Lucr. 

id duritcr, adv. with compar. 
•1. durissime (durus), hardly. I, 
respect to heariDg, unpleasantly; 
dieere, Hor. ; b, of works of art, 
y; quid scnlptum infabre, quid 
. esset, Hor. II. Transf., a, in 
wkwardly; durius incedit, Ov. ; b, 



* dyn 

in conduct, harshly, severely ; durius in deditos 
consulere, Liv. ; durius aliquid accipere, Cic. 

duresco, dnrui, 3. (durus), to grow hard ; 
frigoribus durescit humor, freezes, Cic. 

duritas-atis, f. (durus), harshness, unfriend- 
liness, Cic. 
duriter - dure (q.v.). 

duritia -ae, f. and durities -ei,f. (durus), 
hardness. I. Lit., of nature, atrae pellis, Ov. 
II. Transf., a, hardness, austerity ; duiitia viri- 
11s, Cic. ; ab parvulis labori ac duritiae studere, 
Caes.; b, harshness, severity; animi, Cic; c, 
severity, oppressiveness; operum, Tac; caoli 
militiaeque, Tac. 

duro, 1. (durus). I. Transit. A. Lit., to make 
hard; 1, gen., caementa ealee, Liv. ; enses in 
scopulos, Ov. ; 2, esp., to dry up, make dry; 
terrnm (by heat), Verg. ; Albanam fumo uvam, 
Hor. B. Transf., 1, to make, hardy, Oiure ; se 
labore, Caes. ; in a bad sense, to render callous ; 
ad omne facinus duratus, Tac; 2, to endure; 
laborem, Verg. ; imperiosius aequor, Hor. II. 
Intransit. A. Lit., to become hard or dry ; durare 
uolum, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to become hard, or 
callous; in nullius unquam suoruni necem dur- 
ravit, Tac. ; 2, to endure; unam liieinem in 
castris, Liv.; sub Jove, Ov. ; 3, tolast, remain, 
continue ; durat simulacrum,, Verg. ; totidein dur- 
are per annos, Verg. 

durus -a -um, adj. with compar. and superl., 
hard. I. Lit., a, hard to the touch ; ferruni, 
Hor. ; b, harsh to the taste; sapor Bacchi, Verg. ; 
C, harsh to the ear ; vocis genus, Cic. ; oratio, 
Cic; d, rough to the eye, rude; signa dura sed 
tamen molliora quam Canachi, Cic. ; e, of feel- 
ing, hard, rough; poeta durissimus, Cic II. 
Transf., 1, strong, enduring; Bcipiadae duri 
bello, Verg.; 2, in demeanour; a, awkward, 
uncouth; nt vita sic oratione durus, incnltus, 
horridus, Cic. ; b, shameless ; os, Ov. ; 3, a, 
hardy, austere ; homo durus ac prisons, Cic ; b, 
without taste for; C. Marina, qui durior ad haee 
studia videbatur, Cic; 4.,feelingless, stern, severe ; 
Varius est habitus judex durior, Cic. ; 5, a, of 
weather, severe ; tempestates, Caes. ; b, of the 
soil, hard, difficult to work; glebae, Verg. ; c, of 
work, hard, diffimdt ; subvectio, Caes. ; d, hard, 
painful, unfavourable, adverse; conditio durior, 
Verg. ; pauperies, Hor. 

duumvir and duovir -viri, m. gen. plur., 
duumviri or duoviri, a pair,of magistrates. I, 
In Rome. A. duumviri perduellionis, the magis- 
trates who tried cases of perduellio, Liv. B. 
duumviri sacrorum or sacris facundis, keepers 
of 'he Sibylline books (afterwards increased to 
tea, and then to fifteen), Liv. C. duumviri aedi 
faciendae or locandae or dedicandae, « com/mission 
for building or dedicating a temple, Liv. D. 
duumviri navales, a commission for looking after 
the fleet, Liv. II. In the Roman municipia and 
coloniae, duumviri (juri dicundo), the highest 
magistrates, Cic. 

dux, ducis, c. I. a leader, guide, conductor; 
locorum, Liv. ; arnienti,Ov. ; transf., impietatis, 
Cic ; diis ducibus, under the direction of the. gods, 
Cic. II. a ruler. A. Gen., superum, Jupiter, 
Verg. B. Esp., 1, a military or naval com 
mander ; dux praefectnsque chassis, Cic. ; 2, tht 
emperor, Ov. 

Dymas -mantis, m. (Av'^xa?), father ofHetulta. 
Hence Dymantis probes, or subst. Dymantis 
-tidis, f. llead>a, Ov. 

Dyme -ea, f. (Au/irj), and Dymae -arum, f. 
fi (oii'ii in Achaia. Adj. Dymaeus -a -um, of 
or belonging to Dyme. 

dynastes -is, in. ($vvia-rr\s), ruler, prince, 
Cic. 



Dyr 



185 



edi 



r>yrrachiumii, u. (\vppd\i.ov), later name 
Of Ejd lamiius, in lllyria, the port where skips 
lauded turning from Brundisjuin to Greece, now 
Durazzo. Hence Dyrrachmi (- eni) -drum, in. 
the people of Dyrrachium. 



E. 

Ee, the fifth letter of the Latin alphabet, cor- 
responding in the Greek alphabet both to <■ 
aud r). For the meaning of B as an abbrevia- 
tion, see Table of Abbreviations. 

e, prep. = ex (q.v.). 

ea, adv. (ablofis,sc. parte), there, Liv, 

eadem, adv. (abl. of idem, sc. via), by the 
same road, Cic. 

ea-propter = propterea. 

catenus = ea tenus (parte), adv., so far ; foil. 
by qua, quoad, Cic. ; by ut and the subj., Cic. 

ebenus -i, m. (I/Sevo;), the ebony-tree, ebony, 
Verg. 

eblbo -bibi -bitum, 3. I. Gen., to drink up; 
amnes (of the sea), Ov. II. 1, Nestoris annos, 
to drink as many cups as the years of Nestor's age, 
Ov. ; 2, to squander; ut haec ebibat, Hor. 

eblandior, 4., dep., to obtain by flattery ; 
omnia, Liv. ; enitere, elabora, vel potius ebland- 
ire, eftice ut, etc., Cic. ; partic. passive, ebland- 
ita ilia non enucleata esse suffragia, Cic. 

ebrletas -atis, f. (ebrius), drunkenness, re- 
velling, Cic. 

ebriositas -atis, f. (ebriosus), the love of 
drink, habit of drunkenness, Cic. 

ebriosus -a -um (ebrius), drink-loving, Cic. 

ebrius -a -um, 1, drunk, intoxicated, Cic. ; 
2, transf., intoxicated with, full of; dulci for- 
tuna, Hoi-. 

ebullio, 4. I. Intransit., to boil up, Sen. 
II. Transit., to cause to boil up; transf., to boast 
of; virtutes, Cic. 

ebiilum -i, n. (-us i, f.), the dwarf elder- 
tree (sambucus ebulus, Linn.), Verg. 

ebur -oris, n. A. Lit., ivory; signum ex 
ebore, Cic. B. Meton., a, of tilings made of 
ivory, a statue, Verg. ; a flute, Verg. ; the sheath 
of a sword, Ov. ; the curule chair, Hor. ; b, the 
elephant, Juv. 

eburneolus -a -um (dim. of eburneus), 
made of ivory ; fistula, Cic. 

eburneus (eburnus) -a -um (ebur). A. made 
of ivory, ivory; signum, Cic. ; dens (of the 
elephant), Liv. B. Meton., white as ivory; bra- 
chia, cervix, Ov. 

Ebur ones -um, m. a German people in Gallia 
Belaica. 

Ebusus and -OS -i, f., an island in the Medi- 
terranean, off tlve Spanish coast, now Iviza or 
Yvica. 

e castor, v. Castor. 

ecce, adv. (for ence, from en and ce), behold! 
lo ! see ! ecce tuae litterae, Cic. ; ecce tibi cx- 
ortus est Isocrates, Cic. ; ubi . . . ecce, Verg. ; 
dum . . . ecce, Hor. ; ecce autem, Cic. 

ecdlCUS -i, m. (ckSikos), among the Greeks, a 
public attorney or prosecutor, Cic. 

Ecetra -ae, f. capital of the Volsci. Hence 
Ecetranus -i, in. an inhabitant of Ecetra. 

ecf . w . ., v. eff . . . 

Echecrates -ae,m. CExexpaTrj;), a Pythagor- 
ean philosopher, contemporary wth ?la.tc,, 



echeneis -idis, f. (eyci^ts), a sucking fish, 
remom (echeneis reihora, Linn.), Ov. 

echidna -ae, f. (exiSi-a). I. the viper, odder, 
as an attribute of the Furies, Ov. II. Proper 
noun, A. Echidna Lernaea, the Lemaean hydra 
killed by Hercules, Ov. B. amonster of the lower 
world, mother of Cerberus and of the Lemaean 

hydmfiv. Adj. Echidneus-a -um, cauis echid- 
neus, Cerberus, Ov. 
Echinades -um ('ExceaSe;, Urchin Islands), 

a group of five islands in the Ionian Sea at the 
mouth of the Acheloivs. 

echinus -i, m. (exiws). 1, the edible sea- 
urchin (echinus esculentus, Linn.), Hor. ; 2, a 

brazen disli used for washing goblets, Hor. 

Echion -6uis, m. ('Ex'«»'). I. one of the 

Thebun heroes who sprang from the dragon's teeth 
sown by Cadmus, husband of Agave, father of 
Pentheus ; Echioue uatus, Pentheus, Ov. Hence, 
1, Eohionides -ae, in. a son of Echion— i.e., 
Pentheus, Ov. ; 2, Echidnius -a -um, Ech Io- 
nian, and poet.= Cudmeian, Theban, Verg. II. 
son of Mercury, one of the Argonauts. Hence 
adi., Echionius -a -um, of or belonging to 
Echion. 

echo -us, f. {r)x<*)> 1» an eo ' i0 > Plin - > 2» 
personif., Echo, a ivood-nymph, Ov. 

eclogaru -orum, m. = loci electi, select 
passages or extracts, Cic. 

ec-quando, adv., 1, ever, used in an im- 
passioned interrogation, ecquando te rationem 
factoruni tuorum redditurum putasti? Cic; 2, 
ever, indefinite, after nisi, Cic. 

ec-qui, ecquae or ecqua, ecquod, pronoun 
| interrog. adj.= numqui, any, used in an im- 
I passioned interrogation ; ecqui pudor est ? ec- 
quae religio, Verres ? Cic. ; quaeris ecqua spes 
sit, Cic. 

ec-quis, ec-quid, pron. interrog. subst. 
whether any? any one? any thing? in impas- 
sioned interrogation, ecqnis retulit aliquid ad 
conjugem ac liberos, praeter odia? Liv.; with 
nam, ecquisnam tibi dixerit, Cic. ; ad.j. = ecqui, 
ecquis Latini nominis populus defecerit ad nos? 
Liv. ; used adverbially, a, ecquid, whether; fao 
sciain ecquid venturi sitis, Cic; b, ecqui = 
num aliqui, Cat.; c, ecquo, whither? ecquo tc 
tua virtus provexisset? Cic. 

eculcus = equuleus (q.v.). 

edacitas -atis, f. (edax), greediness, gluttony, 
Cic. 

edax -acis, f. (1. edo), 1, greedy, gluttonous; 
hospes, Cic. ; 2, transf., destructive, consuming ; 
ignis, Verg. ; curae edaces, " eating cares," Hor. ; 
tempus edax rerum, Ov. 

Edessa -ae, f. ("ES«rcra), 1, town in Mace- 
donia, residence of the old Macedonian kings. 

Hence adj., Edessaeus -a -um, of or belong- 
ing to Edessa ; 2, capital of the province of 
Oshroene in Mesopotamia. 

cdico -dixi -dictum, 3. 1, to make known, 
publish, order, appoint; hoc simul, Hor. ; foil, 
by a rel. sent., Cic. ; 2, esp. to publish openly 
(by a herald or otherwise), to decree, ordain by 
proclamation (of magistrates) ; diein comitiis, 
Liv. ; with ace. and infin., Cic; with ut or no 
aud the subj., Cic. ; with subj. alone, Cic. 

edictum -i, n. (edico), a decree, edict ; a, of 
a magistrate, general, king, etc., Archilochia in 
ilium edicta Bibuli, Cic. ; edictum constituere 
or proponere, Cic; praemittere, Cnes.; b, the 

proclamation by a praetor on his entering office in 
which he pidilished the principles thai would 
govern h\s jiu\\c\al o}e(i$ions, Cic. 



edi 



186 



eff 



edlSCO -didlci, 3. 1, to learn thoroughly, 
leant off by heart ; aliquid ad veibum, word for 
\cord, Cic. ; magnum numerum versuum, Caes. ; 
2, to learn, study; istam artem, Cic. 

edlBsdro -seini -sertuin, 3. to explain, set 
forth, relate fully ; resgestas, Liv. ; neque necesse 
est cdisseri a nobis, quae finis fuuestae familiae 
fiat, Cic. 

edlsserto, 1. (intens. of edisscro), to set forth, 
explain, relate exactly; neque aggrediar harrare 
quae edissertanda minora vero faciam, Liv. 

edlticiUS -a -um (2. cdo), put forth, an- 
nounced, proposed; judiccs, the panel of 125 
juilices (jury), of which the accused could reject 75, 
Cic. . 

editio -<5nis, f. f2. edo), 1, the publishing of 
a book; mnturare llbri huius editionem, Tac. ; 
2, a statement; in tarn discrepant© editione, 
Liv. ; 3, legal t. t., editio tribuum, the proposal of 
four tribes by the plaintiff or prosecutor, out of 
which the jury were to be chosen. 

edltus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
6« perl. (2. edo), 1, high, lofty; collis, Caes.; 
locus, Cic.; subst., edi turn -i, n. a lofty situa- 
tion, height, Tac. ; 2, transf., viribus editior, 
mightier, Hor. 

1. edo, edi, e"sum, edere or esse (<?&»), 1 ? to 
eat; nee esuriens Ptolemaeus ederat jucunduis, 
Cic. ; niultos modios sails Bimul edendos esse, 
utamicitiae munus expleturo sit, many bushels of 
salt must be eaten together, i.e. thefriendship must 
beof long standing, Cic; 2, of inanimate things, 
to consume, eat away, corrode; culnios edit or est 
robigo, Verg. ; si quid est animam, Hor. (con- 
tracted forms, es, est, estis ; subj. essem, infin. 
esse). 

2. edo -didi -dltum, 3. to. give out. I. Gen., 
animam or extremum vitae spirituni, to breathe 
one's last, to die, Cic. ; of tilings, funiculus ar- 
niatos repente edidit, brought to light, Liv. II. 
Esp.,1, to bring into the world, to bring firth, 
give birth to ; partum, Cic. ; aliquem, Tac. ; edi 
in lucem, to be brought into the world, Cic. ; partic, 
Maecenas atavis edite regibus, descended from, 
Hor.; of things, toproduce; (terra) edit innumeras 
species, Ov. ; 2, to give forth from oneself, to 
utter ; clamorem majoreni, Cic. ; 3, to make 
known ; a, of writing, to publish ; illos de re- 
publics librosj Cic. ; b, to spread a report; quae 
opinio erat edita in vulgus, Cic. ; c, to set 
forth, relate, tell, divulge; ede ilia quae coeperas, 
Cic. ; consilia hoatiuin, Liv. ; esp. (a) of the 
oracles, to state, answer ; Apollo oracnlum edidit 
Spartam perituram, Cie. ; (/3) legal t.t. to fix, de- 
termine ; judicium, Cic;tribus, to nominate the 
tribes out of which the jury were to be chosen, Cic. ; 
aliquem silii socium in, etc., to propose, Cic. ; (7) 
to command ; edcrct consul quid lieri vellet, 
Liv. ; partic. subst., cdita -Sriim, n. commands, 
Ov. ; 4, to bring about, cause, furnish ; a, ru- 
inas, Cic; annuam operain, to serve for a year, 
Liv.; magnam caedem, Liv.; b, of magistrates, 
to provide games for the people; ludos, spee- 
taculum, Tac. ; -5, of time, to close, bring to an 
end ; vitam, Cic. 

edoceo -dScui -doctum, 2. to teach, instruct 
thoroughly, to inform fully ; generally with double 
ecc, juventutem multa facinora, Ball.; with 
relat. sent. , quos ille edocuerat quae fieri vellet, 
Caes. ; withinfin., omnia venalia habere edocuit, 
Sail. ; with ace, of tilings, omnia online, Liv. ; 
freq. in partic. perf. pass, with ace, edoctus 
nrtes belli, Liv. ; of abstractions, witli ut and 
the subj., edocuit ratio ut videremus, etc., Cic. 

cd61o, 1. to hew out with an are, to bring into 
shape, complete ; quod jusseras cdolavi, Cic. 

0<Jtfmo-d<5rnu.i -dCipiitum, \. (otg.nie thoroughly, 



entirely subdue; vitiosam naturam doctrina, Cic; 
orbem (terrarum), Ov. 

Edoni -oium ('HSwroi), (i Thracian people- 
famed for the worship of Bacchus. Adj., 1, Edo- 
nus -a -um, poet., Thracian, Verg. ; 2, Edo- 
nis -nidis, f. poet, adj., Thracian, Ov. ; subst., 
a Bacchanal, Prop. 

edormio, 4. to have one's sleep out. I. In- 
transit., to sleep away, to slsep one's fill; quuni 
(vinolenti) edorniiveiunr, Cic. II. Transit., a, 
to sleep off ; crapulain, Cic. ; b, Fufius llionam 
edormit (of an actor), sleeps through the part oj 
Iliona, Hor. 

educatio -onis, f. (educo), bringing up, train- 
ing, education; of children, educatio liberoruni, 
Cic.;institutuslibcralitereducatiouedoctrinaque 
puerili, Cic. 

educator -oris, m. (educo), one who trains 
or brings up; a, a foster-father, Cic; b, a tutor, 
Tac. 

educatrlx -icis, f. (educator), a foster-mother, 
nurse; transf., earum (rerum) parens est educ 
atrixque sapientia, Cic. 

1. educo, 1. (intens. of 2. educo), to bring up, 
rear, educate; a, of human beings, aliquem, Cic; 
caelum quo natus edueatusque esscin, Liv. ; 
homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic ; ad 
turpitudinem educatur, Cic. ; b, of animals, in 
educando perfaeile apparet aliud quiddaiu iis 
(bestiis) propositus), Cic ; c, of things, transf., 
educata Indus nutrimentis eloquentia, Cic 

2. educo -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to draw out, 
lead out. A. to draw out; 1, gen., gladiuin e 
vagina, Cic ; 2, esp., t. t. of drawing lots, 
sortem, Cic. ; aliquem ex uma, Cic. B. fc> lead 
out ; 1, gen., homincin de senatu, Cic. ; aliquem 
in provinciam, Cic; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t., to 
march troops out; cohortescx urbc, Caes.; exerc- 
itum in expeditioncm, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., to 
lead before a court of law; aliquem in jus, Cic. ; 
aliquem ad consules, Cic, or simply cduccre 
aliquem, Cic. ; c, naut. t. t., to take a ship out oj 
port, naves ex portti, Caes. ; d, to lead out of a 
country ; equos ex Italia, Liv.; e, to bring vote)' 
(by aqueduct); lacum, Cic; f, to build a wall 
on to a river ; moles quam eductam in Bhenuin 
retuliinus, Tac. II. to raise up. A. Lit., 
aliquem superas sub auras, Verg. ; tig., in astru, 
to praise sky high, Hor. B. Transf., a, turns 
suuimis sub astra educta tectis, Verg. ; b, to 
bring up, rear a child; aliquem, Cic. III. Of 
time, to live, spend; pios annos, Prop. 

cdulis -e (1. edo), eatable, Hor. 

eduro, l. to last, endure, Tac. 

edurus -a -um, very hard; pirus, Verg.; 
transf., eduro ore negarc, Ov. 

Ection -onis, m. ('Hen'oii'), father of Ardm- 
mache, prince of Thebae in Cilicia. Hence adj., 
Eetioneus -a -uni, o/or belonging to Eetion. 

effarcio -fersi -fertum, 4. (ex and farcio), to 
stuff full; intervalla grandibus saxis, Caes. 

efTatum -i, n. (n. of partic of eflbr), 1, an 
announcement, prediction; fatidicoruin et valuni, 
Cic. ; 2, an axiom, Cic. 

effcctio -onis, f. (efficio), 1, a doing, prac- 
tising ; artis, Cic. ; 2, an efficient muse, Cic. 

effector -Oris, 111. (efficio), one who produces, 
causes, originates; effector inuildi molitorraie 
deus, Cic. ; of things, stilus optlmus et praestaut- 
issimus dicendi ellector ac mngister, Cic. 

effectrix -tricis, f. (effector), she that causes 
or produces ; terra diei noctisque eflectrix, Cic 

1. effectus -a -um, partic. of effieio. 

2. effecting -us. m. (efficio). I, Act, dw.wj. 



eff 



187 



eff 



effecting, execution, performance ; 1, gen., conatns 
tain audax trajieiendaruin Alpiuin ct effectus, 
Liv. ; in effeetu esse, Cic. ; postquam ad effectum 
operis ventuni est, Liv.; 2, esp., the working; 
quanini (herbarum) causain ignorare, vim et 
efrectum videres, Cic. II. Pass., effect, con-, 
sequence ; effectus eloquentiae est audientinm 
approbatio, Cic. ; sine ullo effeetu, Liv. 

effeminate, adv. (effeminatus), effeminately, 
Cic. 

effeminatus -a -um,p. adj. with compar. ami 
supei'l. (from effemino), effeminate, tvomanish ; 
corpora, Liv. ; opinio, Cic. ; eA'eminatissimus 
languor, Cic. 

effemino, l. (ex and femina), 1, to make into 
ft woman; elfeminarunt cum (aerein) Junonique 
tribuerunt, Cic. ; 2, to make effeminate, to ener- 
vate ; virum in dolore, Cic. ; eileminari cogita- 
tionibus mollissiinis. 

efferatus-a -uin, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (1. efl'ero), wild, savage; mores ritusque, 
Liv. ; gentes, Cic. 

effercio, v. effareio. 

cffcritas -atis, f. (efferus), wildness, savage- 
ness, Cic. 

1. effero, 1. (efferus), to make wild, make 
savage. A. Lit., barba et capilli efferaverant 
specicm oris, Liv. ; terrain immanitato beluarum 
elfcrari, Cic. B. Transf., animos, Liv.; odio 
iraque efferati, Liv. 

2. effei'O (ecfero), extuli, elatum, efferre (ex 
and fero). I. to bear, carry out, bring out. A. 
Gen., 1, lit., tela ex aedibusalicuius, Cic. ; deam 
in terrain, Liv. ; esp., a, pedom or se efferre, to 
betake oneself; pedeiu porta non efferre, Cic. ; b, 
milit. t.t., efferre signa (vexilla, anna), to march 
out ; signa portis or extraurbein, Liv. ; c, to carry 
to the grace, bury ; aliquein, Cic. ; pass., efferri, to 
be borne out, buried, Cic; fig., ingens periculum 
manet ne libera respublica efferatur, Liv. ; d, 
to bring forth, bear; uberiores Luges, Cic; cum 
decimo, tenfold, Cic. ; 2, transf., to utter, a, to 
express; si graves sententiae inconditis verbis 
effcruntur, Cic ; b, to publish, make known ; 
aliquid in vulgus, Cic. ; ne lias meas ineptias 
efferatis, Cic. ; c, se, to show itself; volo enim se 
etferat in adolescents feounditas, Cic. B. to 
carry away ; 1, lit., Messiuin impetus per hostes 
cxtulit ad castra, Liv.; 2, transf., to curry 
away, drive to ; si nie etferet ad gloriam animi 
dolor, Cic ; so efferri aliquS re (laetitia, dolore, 
studio, iracundia), to be carried away, Cic. II. 
to raise up, lift up. A. Lit., a, scutum super 
caput, Liv.; b, to make to appear; lucem, Verg. 
B. Transf., a, to raise; aliquein ad summiun 
ijnperiuui, Cic ; b, to praise, extol; aliquein or 
aliquid laudibus, Cic ; c, efferri or se efferre, 
to pride oneself on, to be puffed up by ; efferre se 
insolentcr, Cic ; partic, elatus, puffed up; re- 
centi victoria, Caes. 

effertus -a -uin, p. adj. (from effareio), stuffed 
full, full ; nimbus effertus tenebris, Lucr. 

efferus -a -uin (ex and ferus), very wild, 
savage ; facta tyranni, Verg. 

effervesce- -ferbiii and -fervi, 3. to boil up, 
foam up, effervesce. A. Lit., eae aquae, quae 
effervescunt subditis ignibus, Cic. ; poet, of the 
stars, at tho creation of the world, to swarm 
forth, to break out into a glow, Ov. B. Transf., 
a, Poiitus armatus, etl'ervesccns in Asiam atque 
eruinpens, bursting forth, Cic; b, to rage, Cic; 
esp. of an orator, to be passionate, Cic. 

effervo, 3. (ex and fervo). I. to boil up or 
over ; effervere in agios vidimus undantem 
Aetnam, Verg. II. to swarm forth, Verg. 

effetG3 -a -tim (ex and fet",s, having given 



birth to young), weakened, exhausted, effete ; 
corpus, Cic. ; vires, Verg. ; innumeris emVtus 
laniger annis, Ov. ; offeta veri senectus, in- 
capable of truth, Verg. 

eff IcacitaS -atis, f. (efficax), efficacy, efficiency, 
Cic. 

efficaciter, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(efficax), effectively, efficaciously ; id acturos effi- 
cacius rati, Liv. 

efficax -acis, adi. with compar. and superl. 
(eftlcio), effective, efficient, efficacious; a, of things, 
scicntia, Hor.; with ad, quae maxime efflcaces 
ad muliebre ingenium preces sunt, Liv.; with 
in and the abl., in quibus (rebus) peragendia 
continuatio ipsa efficacissima esset, Liv.; with 
infill., amara curarum eluere efficax, Hor. ; b, of 
persons, Hercules, active, Hor. 

eff Iciens -entis, p. adj. (from efficio), efficient, 
effective; res, Cic; causa, efficient cause, Cic; 
with genit., effieiens voluptatis, cause of, Cic. 

effi'cienter, adv. (efflciens), efficiently, power- 
fully, Cic. 

efficlcntfa -ae, f. (efflciens), efficiency, Cic. 

efficio -feci -tectum, 3. (ex and facio). L to 
produce, effect, make. A. Gen., mundnm, Cic; 
niagnas rerum commutationes, Cacs. B. Esp., 
a, to build, erect ; columnam, Cic. ; b, of land, 
to bear; plurimum, Cic; cum octavo, eight-fold, 
Cic; c, of number, to make up; pass., effici. 
come to ; ea tributa vix in fenus Pompeii quod 
satis est efllciunt, Cic; d, to bring logetlw; 
magnum cratium numerum, Caes.; duas legiones, 
Caes. ; e, philosoph. 1. 1., to prove, show ; niinutis 
interrogationibu9 quod proposuit elficit, Cic ; 
ex quibus vult effleere, with ace. and infin., Cic: 
ita effieitur ut, etc., Cic; f, to make; Cati- 
linam consulein,_ Cic ; hostes ad pugiiaui ala- 
criores, Caes. II. to bring to an end, accom- 
plish, execute, complete; 1, omne opus, Caes.; 
sphaeraui, Cic; hoc, id, illud effleere ut,' etc., 
Cic; simply effleere ut, Cic; non efflci potest 
quin, etc., Cic. ; 2, to accomplish (of a inarch), 
quantumcumque ilinoris equitatu effleere potu- 
erat, Caes. 

effigies -ei, f. or effigia -ao, f. (efflngo). 
I. Lit., 1, an image, likeness, effigy, portrait; 
quaedam effigies spirantis mortui, Cic. ; lianc, 
pro Palladio efflgiem statuere, Verg. ; 2, form, 
shape ; a, simulacrum deae non efflgie humana, 
Tac. ; b, a shade, ghost ; effigies, imuio umbrae 
honiinuin. Liv. II. abstract, copy, imitation, 
image; .vi humanitatis et probitatia, Cic; ef» 
flgiesjusti imperii, ideal, Cic. 

eirmgo -fiuxi -Actum, 3. (ex and Ango), 1, to 
wipe off, wipe out; e foro sanguineui spongiis 
efflngere, Cic. ; 2, a, to form, fashion ; oris 
lineamenta, Cic. ; b, to represent ; (uatura) 
speciem ita formavit oris .uts in ea penitus 
reconditos mores effingeret, Cic; so to express in 
words; alicuins mores, Cic; c, to imitate, strive 
to reach; ilium imitando, Cic; to conceive; ea 
efflngeuda animo, Cic. 

eff io -figri, pass, of efficio (q.v.). 

efrlagitatio -onis, f. (efflagito), an urgent 
demand; efflagitatio ad coeandam societatern, 
Cic. 

efflagltatus -as, m. (efflagito), on urgent 
request ; coactu atquo efilagitatu moo, Cic. 

efflagito, 1. (ex and flagito), to ask earnestly, 
demand, entreat; nostram misericordiam, Cic; 
ab ducibus signum pugnae, Liv. ; epistolam, 
Cic. ; ut se ad regem mittcret, Cic. 

effligo -flixi -Aictum, 3. (ex and fligo), to kill, 
murder, slay ; Pompeium, Cic. 

efflo, 1. (ex and flo), 1, transit., to blow out, 
brwthe out; ignes ore et naribiyj. Qy.; 2i in- 



eff 



1SS 



ege 



transit., to breathe forth, Lucr.; animam, Cic; 
extremum halituin, to die, Cic 

effloresce -flurui, 3. (ex and floresco), to 
blossom, break into bloom, flourish ; lmiceliloresc- 
unt genera partesque virtutum, Cic. ; si quidein 
effloresoit (ilia aetas) ingenii landibus, Cic. 

effi&o (ecfluo) -fluxi, S. (ex and fiuo), 3. to flow 
out. A. una cum sanguine vita, Cic. ; aereilluens 
line et illuc ventos efflcit, Cic. B. 1, to vanish ; 
tanta est enim intimorum multitude, ut ex iis 
aliquis potius effluat quain novo sit aditus, Cic; 
2, a, to vanish out of thought, to be forgotten; 
ctnuere ex animo alicuius, Cic; absul., quod 
totum effiuxerat, Cic. ; b, of thought, to be lost, 
fall; alicui ex tempore dicenti solet efliuere 
mens, Cic. ; c, of time, to disappear ; ne effluat 
netas, Cic. ; 3, to come to light, become, know I ; 
eflluunt inulta ex vestra disciplina, quae ctiam 
ad nostras aures saepc permanant, Cic. 

effluvium -li, n. (effluo), flowing out, outlet ; 
conviviuni etfiuvio lacus appositum, Tac. 

effodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. (ex and fodio). I. 
to dig out. A. Gen., fen-um e teira, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, to gouge out; oculos, Cic. ; 2; to make 
by digging, to excavate ; portus, Verg. II. to 
dig up. A. Gen., terram, Li v. B. to rummage ; 
douiibus effossis, Caes. 

effor (ecfor), 1. dep. (ex and for). I. Gen., to 
speak out, express, speak ; verbuin, Cic; nefanda, 
Li v.; turn feruntex oraclo ecfatam esse Pytliiam, 
Cic. II. Esp., A. In logic, to state a proposition, 
Cic B. T. t. of augury, to fix or determine a 
place; templum, Cic; partic, effatus (pass.), 
jixed, determined by the augurs, Cic. 

effrenate, adv. with compar. (effrenatus), 
unrestrainedly, violently, Cic. 

effrenatlo -dnis, f. Hn&rUUed impetuosity ; 
auiini iuipotentis, Cic. 

offrcnatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar, and 
superl. (from effreno, P. Aug., to let loose), un- 
bridled. A. Lit., equi, Liv. B. Transf., unre- 
strained, unchecked, violent; furor, cupiditas, 
homo. Cic. ; etfrenatior vox, Cic. ; effrenata iu- 
soleutia multitudo, Cic. 

elfrenus -a -um (ex and frenum), unbridled; 

I, lit., equus, Liv. ; 2, trausf., unrestrained ; 
iimiir, Ov. 

eflfringo -fregi -fractum (ex and frango), 1, 
to break open ; fores, Cic. ; januam, Cic ; 2, to 
break off; crus, Sail. 

effugio -fBgi -fiigitum, 3. (ex and fugio). I. 
Inlransit, to/fee, flyaway, escape, get off ; e praelio, 
Cic ; a quibua (iudis) vix vivus effugit, Cic. 

II. Transit., to escape from, avoid, flee from, 
shun; equitatum Caesaris, Caes.; alicuius impias 
mantis, Cic; with ne and thesubj., propinquae 
clade urbis ipsi, ne quid simile paterentur, effug- 
ernnt, Liv, ; me ellugit, it escapes me, escapes 
my observation, Cic. 

cffugiuiri -ii, n. (effugio), a flying away, 
flight. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Meton., A. an out- 
let for flight ; si effugium patuisset in publicum, 
Liv. B. the means or opportunity of fliglit ; 
mortis, Cic. ; effugia pennarum habere, Cic. 

cffulgeo -falsi, 'J. (ex and fnlgeo), to shine 
out, glitter. A. Lit., nova lux oeulis cffulsit, 
Verg. ; auro, glitter with gold, Verg. B. Trausf., 
etlulgebant riiilippus hc magntu Alexander, 
Liv. 

effultUS -a-nm (ex and fulclo), resting upon, 
sup]>ortcd by; velleribus, Verg. 

effundo -Hull -fnsuin, 3. (ex and (undo), to 
pour out, pour forth, shed. I. 1, of liquid-; 
lacrimas, Cic. ; Tiberis effusus super ripas, Li/.; 
imber effusus nubibus, Verg. ; 2, of tilings not 
Quid, to «w out, pour forth ; saccos aqinmornm, 



to empty, Hor. II. A. 1, to throw down; ali- 
quem solo, Verg. ; esp. of horses, to throw their 
riders ; effundere consulem super caput, Liv. ; 
2, to drive forth ; excutiat Teucros vallo atque 
effundat in aequum, Verg. B. 1, to loosen, let 
go; itcrumsinum, unfold the toga, Liv.; navibus 
omnes habenas, Verg. ; 2, to pour, throw ; of 
weapons, telorum omnia generis vis ingens effUsa 
est In eos, Liv. ; of other objects, priinum im- 
petum quern fcrvido ingenio et caeca ira effund- 
unt, Liv. ; 3, to send forth (a number of men), 
auxilium eastris, Verg. ; 'reflex., se effundere, 
middle efl'undi, to stream forth, pour forth ; 
cunctum senatum, totum Italiam esse effusam, 
Cic. ; Celtiberi omnes in fugam elTunduntur, 
Liv.; 4, to pour forth, give forth ; a, /H" sounds, 
tales voces, Verg. ; vox in coronam turbaiiique 
effunditur, Cic; b, of fruits, to bring forth in 
abundance; segetes ell'undunt fruges, Cic; 5, 
of property, to spend, squander ; patrimouia 
effundere largiendo, Cic. III. Transf., A. to 
pour out, tell, impart ; effudi vobis omnia quae 
sentiebam, Cic ; in a bad sense, omnem suum 
vinolentum furorem in aliquem, pour forth on, 
Cic. B. Esp. reflex, and middle, to give oneself 
up to, indulge in; effundeie se in aliqua libidine, 
Cic ; nimio successu in tantani hceutiamque 
socordiamque effusus, Liv. C. 1, to use, expend, 
make full use of; omnia reipublicae remedia, 
Cic; ibi omnis effusus labor, wasted, Verg.; 
2, to breathe forth ; spiiitum extremum in vic- 
toria, to dx, Cic. 

effuse, adv. with compar. and super), (effus- 
us). I. far and vide; ire, in disorder, Sail.; 
vastare, Liv. II. Transf., 1, profusely, lavishly; 
donare, Cic; 2, unrestrainedly, immoderately; 
exsultare, Cic. 

effusio -onis, f. (effundo). I. Acf. 1, a 
pouring forth ; tutantur sc atramenti ellusione 
sepiae, Cic. ; 2, extravagance, prodigality ; hae 
pecuniarum elfusiones, Cic; absol., liberalitatem 
effusio Imitatur, Cic. II. Middle, 1, lit., a, 
aquae, Cic; b, pouring out of people ; etfusionee 
hominum ex oppidis, Cic; 2, transf., exuberance 
of spirits, excessive hilarity; effusio animi in 
laetitia, Cic. 

effusus -a -um, p. ad.j. with compar. and 
superl. (effundo), poured forth. I. Lit., 1, let 
loose; effusae comae, Ov. ; ctl'nso cursu, ut 
full speed, Liv.; 2, wide-spread; marc latu 
elfusum, Hor. ; 3, of soldiers, disorderly (in 
march), effuso agmine, Liv. ; fuga etl'usa, Liv. 
II. Transf., a, extravagant; in largitionc, Cic. ; 
b, unrestrained, immoderate. ; licentia, Liv. 

effutio, 4. (ex and k futio, from root, FUD, 
FUT, whence fundo, futilis), to blab out, chatter ; 
aliquid, Cic; de mundo, Cic ; absol., ex tem- 
pore, Cic. 

efflituo -ui, 3. to squander in debauchen/, 
Cat. v 

egelldus -a -um, 1, with the chill off, luke- 
warm, tepid; tepores, Cat.; 2, cool, somewhat 
cold ; ftumen, Verg. 

egens -eutis, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (egeo), poor, needy, indigent (opp. locu- 
ples) ; egens quidam calumniator, Cic; with 
genit., verborum non egens, not deficient in, Cic. 

egenus -a-um (egeo), needy, wanting, in, 
need of; with genit., omnium egena corpora, 
Liv. ; of condition, poor; in rebus egenis, po- 
verty, Verg. 

egeo -ui, 'J. I, to want, be in, need, be desti- 
title, be needy, poor; a, absol., egebat? iiimio 
locuplcs end, Cic. ; b, to be in want of something ; 
with abl., medicina, Cic; with genit., auxilii, 
Caes. II. Transf., 1 (= careo), to he without, 
not to have; with abl., auctoritate, to have no 
authority, Cjc; witH genit., plasgis, Yerg. \ g. 



fige 



180 



ola 



(= desidero), to desire, vjish for, want ; with 
abl., pane, Hor. 

Eg£rla -ae, f. an Italian nymph, the in- 
strilclrtss of Numa Pompilius. 

egero -gessi -gestum, 3. to carry, bear, bring, 
get out. A. Lit., 1, gen., tantum nivis, Liv. ; 
2, esp., a, to carry off, as plunder, praedam ex 
hostium tectis, Liv.; b, dapes, to vomit, Ov. 
B. Transf., expletur lacnmis egeriturque dolor, 
is expelled, Ov. 

egestaa -atis, f. (for egentas from egeo). 
I. extreme poverty, indigence, need. A. Lit., 
ista paupertas vel potius egestas'ac mendieitas, 
Cic. B. Tiansf., animi, Cic. II. want of, de- 
ficiency in ; fiumenti, Sail. 

eglgno, 3. to produce out of , Lucr. 

Egnatia (Cnatia) -ae, f. a'town in Apulia 
Peueetia. 

ego (f-yui), pron. pers. genit. mei, dat. mihi, 
aec. me, abl. me ; plnr. nom. nos, genit. nos- 
trum and nostri, dat. nobis, aec. nos, abl. nobis, 
J, plur. we. I. Lit., 1, gen., alter ego, mysewnd 
self Cic. ; genit. nostrum partitive and posses- 
sive, nostri, objective, Cic. ; 2, esp., nos for 
ego, nobis eonsulibis, Cic. II. Meton., A. ad 
me, to me, to my house, Cic. B. a me, from -my 
property, at my expense; se a me solvere, Cic. 
(ego, etc., strengthened by -met in all cases ex- 
cept genit. plnr., egomet, etc.). 

egredior -gressus, 3. dep. (ex and gradior). 
I. Intransit., A. to go out, pass out; 1, Lit., a, 
e cubiculo; b, milit. t.t., (a) to leave the ranks; 
egredi ordine, Sal). ; (/3) to march out of camp; 
e castris, C'aes., or simply castris, Caes. ; ad 
proeliuni, Caes. ; b, naut. t.t. (a) egredi ex navi 
or simply navi, Cic, to disembark ; so egredi in 
terrain, Cic. ; absol., Caes. ; (/3) egredi ex portu, 
to sail away, Cic. ; 2, in discourse, to digress; 
a proposito, Cic. B. to go up, ascend; ad sum- 
mum montis, Sail. II. Transit., A. to go out of; 
urbem, Liv. B. Lit., 1, to pass beyond; muni- 
tiones,Caes. ; 2, transf., to overstep, jkiss ; modum, 
Tac. ; to go out of ; fines, Caes. 

egregie, adv. (egregius), excellently, admir- 
ably, singularly ; with verbs, pingere, loqui, Cic. ; 
with adjectives, egregie fortis imperator, Cic. ; 
egregie subtilis scriptor et elegans, Cic. 

egregius -a -tun, (ex and grex, lit., not be- 

longing to the common herd), admirable, excellent, 
extraordinary, distinguished ; civis, Cic; with 
in and the abl., Laelius in bellica laude, Cic. ; 
with ad, vir ad cetera egregius, Liv. ; with 
abl., bejlo, _Verg. ; with genit., animi, Verg. 
Subst., egregia -orum, n. distinguished actions, 
Sail. 

egressus -us, m. (egredior). I. a going out, 
departure; vester, Cic ; ventos custodit etarcet 
Aeolus egressu, Ov. II. A. a landing from a 
ship, disembarkation; egressus optimus, Caes. 
B. a passage out; egressus obsidens, Tac; poet., 
the mouth of a river, Ov. 

eheu, Interj., expressing grief or pain, alas! 
woe! eheu me miserum ; often followed by 
quam, Hor. (eheu in epic and lyric poets). 

ei (hei), interj., expressing pain, ah! woe! 
ei mihi conclamat, Ov. 

eia and heia (eia), interj., exclamation of joy 
and surprise, hallo! well then! heia vero ! Cic. ; 
cia age, of exhortation, quick ! come then ! Verg. 

cieio — ejieio (q.v.). 

ejaciilor, 1. dep., to throw out, hurl out; 
aquas, Ov. 

ejectamentum -i, n. (ejecto), that which is 
thrown up; maris, Tac 

ejectio -onis^f. (ejieio), banishment, exilr, Cie. 



ejecto, 1. (intens. of ejieio), to throw, cast, 
hurl out, eject; 1, arenas, favillam, Ov. ; 2, to 
vomit forth; cruorem ore, Verg. 

ejectus -Us, m. (ejieio), a casting out, Lucr. 
ejieio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ex and jacio), to throui 
out, cast out, drive out, drive away, eject. 1. Gen., 

A, Lit., aliquem ex oppido, Caes. i multos sed-> 
ibus ac fortunis, Cic. ; se in terrain e navi, Cic. ; 
fig., si quidem lianc sentinam htlius urbis ejec- 
erit, Cic B. Transf., amorem ex animo, Cic. 
II. Esp., A. to cast forth, utter ; vocem, Cic. B. 
Milit. t.t., a, to drive away ; cohortes, Caes.; b, 
se ejicere, to rush forth ; se ex oppido, Caes. C. 
to drive away ; a, from house or property, ali- 
quem domo, Cic. ; absol., damnato et ejecto, Cic. ; 
of the wife (with or without domo), to divorce, 
Cic. ; b, to banish; aliquem ex patria, Cic ; or 
simply ejieer-e aliquem, Cic. ; c, to remove from a 
magistracy, guild, etc ; aliquem de collegio, Cic; 
e senatu, Cic. D. Naut. t.t., a, to bring to shore ; 
navem in terrain, Caes.; b, in pass., to be cast 
ashore, stranded; classis ad Baleares ejicitur, 
Liv. ; ejici in litore, Caes. ; ejectus, a shipwrecked 
person, Cic. E. to throw out a dead body, leave 
unburied ; ne corpus ejiciatur, Cic. F. 1, to 
stretch forth, thrust out; linguain, Cic; 2, to 
dislocate; annum, Verg. G. to hiss an actor off. 
the stage, Cic ; so transf., to reject, disapprove of ; 
Cynicorum ratio tota est ejicienda, Cic. 

ejulatio -finis, f. (ejulo), wailing, a lament- 
ation ; ilia non viiilis, Cic 

ejulatus -us, m. (ejulo), a wailing, lamenting; 
ejulatus ne mulieri quidem conccssus est, Cic. 

ejulo, 1. to wail, lament; magnitudine dol- 
orum ejulans, Cic. 

eturo and ejero, 1. to refuse or deny on oath. 
I. Legal 1. 1., bojia.m_cojniani, to swear that one is 
insolvent, Cic. ; forum sibi iniqunm, provinciam 
sibi iniquam, aliquem (judicem) iniquum, to 
declare by oath that a court or judge is partial, to 
challenge, Cic; magistratum, imperium, to resign,' 
abdicate, with an oath that the duties have been, 
duly performed, Tac. II. Transf., to give up,' 
abjure, abandon, disown ; patriam, Tac 

ejusdemmodi or ejusdem modi (idem 
and modus), in the same manner r Cic. 

ejusmodi or ejus modi (is and modus). 
I. of this kind, such; genus belli est ejusmodi, 
Cic. II. =' ita, so, quam viam tensarum .atque 
pompae ejusmodi exegisti, ut, etc., Cic. 

elabor ktpsss, o. dep., to glide out of, slide 
away from, escape, slip away. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
anguis ex oolumna lignea elapsus, Liv. ; quum 
se convolvens sol elaberetur et abiret, Cic. 

B. Esp., to slip auxiy, escape; e manibus eurant- 
ium, Liv.; animi corporibus elapsi, Cic; with 
ace, eustodias, Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen., 
disciplina elapsa est de manibus, Cic. B. Esp., 
to be acquitted, escape from punishment, get off; 
ex tot tantisqne criminibus, Cic 

elaboro, 1. I. Intransit., to labour hard, 
strive, take pains; generally with in and the 
abl., in litteris, Cic ; with ut and the subj., in eo 
quoque elaborare ut, etc., Cic. II. Transit., to 
labour on, work out, elaborate, produce; causae. 
diligenter elaboratae et tanquam elucubratae, 
Cic; versus ornati daboratique, carefully worked 
out, Cic; as opp. to natural, artificial; elaborala 
concinnitas, Cic 

Elaea -ae, f. CEWa), a town in Aeolis. 

elameutabilis -e, very lamentable; gemitus, 
Cic 

elanguesco -gui, 3. to become weak, be re- ' 
taxed, become languid; aliena ignavia, Liv.; 
differendo deinde elanguit res, Liv. 

elarglor, 4. to lavish, give liberally Pers. 



Gla 



190 



Eli 



elate, adv. (elatus), 1, loftily >' loqui, Cic. ; 
2, arrogantly ; se gerere, Nep. 

Eiatelus -a -uin, of or belonging to Elatus. 
Subst., son of Elatus, I.e., Caeneus. 

elatio -Onis, f; (KfTcro),l, flightj soaring ;b\niio 
et mngiiitildo niiiiiil, Cic. S elatio atquc altitiulo 
oratlonl8 sitae, Go. ; 2, elevation ; pai'lum com- 
paratio nee elatioliem lmbet ncc suminissioneni, 
Cic. 

elatro, 1. to hark out, cry out, Hor. 

elatus -a -um (partic. of 2. effero), elevated, 
exalted ; of discourse, verba, Cic. ; of the ruind, 
animus magnua elatusque, Cic. 

Elaver -Sria, li. a tributary of the Liger, now 
the Allier. 

Elea -ae, f. (Ekta), town, in Lower Italy (Lat. 
Velio), birthplace of J'armenides and Zc}w, the 
founders of the Eleatic school of philosophy. Hence, 

Eleates -ae, m. Zeno, Cic. Adj., Elcaticus 
•a -um, Eleatic ; philosoplii, Cic 

electe, adv. with compar. (electus) choicely, 
selecily ; digerere, Cic. 

electio -6nis, f. (eligo), choice, selection ; a, 
of persons, senatus electionem (legatorum) Gal- 
bae permiserat, Tae. ; b, of things, judicium 
electioque verborum, Cic. ; iis triuni conditi- 
onuin electionem feiTe, Liv. 

ElCCtra -ae, f. ('HA^crpa), 1, daughter of 
Atlas, one of the Pleiades, mother of Dardanus by 
Jupiter; 2, daughter of Agamemnon, wife of 
Pylades, sister of Orestes and Iphigenia. 

electrum -i, n. (rjAe/cTpoi-), 1, amber, Verg. ; 
2, <*» alloy of gold and silver, resembling amber 
in colour, Verg. 

1. electus -a -um, p.~adj. with compar. and 



superl. (eligo), chosen, select ; a, of persons, 
manus, Tac. ; 
choke, Cic. 



b, of things, verba clectissiina, 



2. cloctus -us, m. (eligo), choosing, choice; 
necis, Ov. 

elegans -antis, adj. with cornier, and 
superl. (for eligens, from eligo), choice, fine, neat, 
tasteful, elegant; a, of persons, non parcus 
solum, sed etiam elegans, Cic. ; subst., eleg- 
antes, fine folk, Cic; b, of things, tastefrd; 
artes, Cic. ; c, of oratory and diction, fine, cor- 
rect, elegant ; elegans in dieendo, Cic. ; subst., 
elegantes, fine orators, Cic. ; epistola elcgnnt- 
lssima, Cic. 

eleganter, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(elegans), tastefully, choicely, neatly, elegantly; 
scribere, Cic. ; scribere, psallere et saltare eleg- 
antius quam Decease est, Sail. ; Latiue loqui 
elegantissime, Cic. 

ele'gantla -ae, f. (elegans), a, taste, refine- 
ment, grace, elegance; integritas et elegnntia 
filieuius, Cic. ; elegnntia vitae, Cie. ; doctrinae, 
Cic. ; b, of oratory or diction, grace, correctness, 
elegance, neatness; elegantia loquendi, Cio. ; dis- 
serendi, Cic 

elegl -ijrnm, m. (e Ktyoi), elegiac verses, Hor. 

elegia -ne, f. (eAryei'a), a poem written in 
elegiac verse, Ov. 

Eleleus -Si, m. ("EXtkei's, from eAeAtu, the 
Bacchic cry), a surname of Bacchus, Ov. ; hence, 

Eleleides -um, f. Bacchantes, Ov. 

eiementum -i, n. I. an element, first pri.n- 
efofe, I'lin. ; oftener in plur., Cic. II. Transf., 
plur. elementa. A. the letters of the alphabet, 
and the alphabet itself, Suet. B. the rudiments 
or element*; a, in reading or writing, p'eros 
elementa doccre, Hor. ; b, the elements of any 
science or art ; loquendi, Cic ; c, the beginnings 
of other things; prima Roinae, Ov. 



elenchiis -i, m. (eAeYx°s)> a V ar l pendant 
worn as an earring, Jut. 

Elephantine -Ss, f. (EK^avTivn) and 

Elophantis -tldis ('EAe^arTt's), an island in 
the Kile in Upper Egypt, opposite Syene. 

elephantus -i, c (in classical prose com- 
moner than elephas in oblique cases), an tie- 
phant; elephanto beluaruin nulla prudentior, 
Cic. ; meton., ivory, Verg. 

elephas (-ans) -phantis, m. (eAe'^o?). A. 
Lit., the elephant, Liv. B. Meton., the disease, 
elephantiasis, Lucr. 

Eleus -a -um, v. Elis. 

Eleusin -Inis, f. CEAeu<ru<), an ancient city 
in Attica, famous for the worship of Ceres, and 

for the mysteries there celebrated. Adj., ElOlV- 
Sinus -a -um, Eleusina mater, Ceres, Verg. 

EleutheriUS -a -um ('EAeufle'pios), making 
free. Subst. I. m. the Liberator, a surname of 
Jupiter. II. Eleutheria -ornm, n. (sc. sacra) 
the festival of Jupiter Liberator, Plant. 

elevo, 1. (ex and levo). I. Lit., to lift up, 
raise, elevate; contabulationem, Caes. II. 
Transf., to lessen; a, in a bad sense, t>> weaken, 
impair, disparage ; adversaiium, Cic; res gestas, 
Liv. ; b, in a good sense, to alleviate, lighten ; 
suspiciones offensionesque, Cic. 

elicio -Hctti -liertum, 3. (ex and LAC -io), to 
allure, entice out. I. Gen.', A. Lit., 1, hostein 
ex pnludibus silvisque, Caes. ; 2, to invoke the. 
presence of a god or departed spirit; inferonmi 
animas, Cic. B. to invite, allure, induce; 
nliquem ad dispntandum, Cic. II. to bring 
forth to the light of day. A. Lit., 1, gen., femilll 
e terrae cavernis, Cic; 2, esp., to produce, cause; 
lapidum ictu iguem, Cic B. Trnnsf., 1, to win. 
from, gain; alias litteras ab aliquo, Cic; 2, to 
search out, find mit ; causam aliening rei, Cic; 
sententiam meam, Cic; 3, to awake; miseri- 
cordiam, Liv. 

Elicius -li, in. (elicio), n surname of Jupiter, 
he from whom a heavenly sign is called forth, 
Liv. 

elido -lisi -lisum, 3. (ex and laedo), to strike, 
thrust, drive out. I. Lit., aurigam e eiirru, 
Cic. ; morbiim, to expel, Hor. II. to dash to 
pieces, shatter; naves, Caes.; aliqncm, Cic.; 
caput pecudis saxo, Liv. ; fig., nervos omnes 
virtiitis, to break, Cic 

eligo -lSgi -lectum, 3. (ex and lego). I. to 
pick out, to choose, select; amicos, Cic; lit do' 
tribus Anton iis eligas qnem velis, Cic; ex inn His 
Isocratis libris triginta fortasse versus, Cic ; 
lmnc urbl condendae locum, Liv. II. to root out ; 
fig., superstitionis stirpes omnes eligere, Cic 

climino, 1. (ex and limen), to carry over the 
threshhold ; dicta foras, to blab, Hor. 

elimo, 1. (ex and lima), to file off, smooths, 
polish. A. Lit., graciles ex aero catenas retiaque 
et laqueos, Ov. B. Transf., (o polish, elaborate, 
perfect ; a-\6\toi' aliquod ad aliquem, Cic 

elinguis -e (ex aud lingua), 1, speechless, 

Cic; 2, without eloriuence, Cic; miitus atque. 
elinguis, Liv. 

Elis -idis, f. (*HAis), a territory of Western 
Peloponnesus, in which the Olympic games were, 
solemnized; hence adj., 1, Eleus -a -um and 
EllUS -a -um, Elean, Olympic; amnis, the 
Alpheus, Ov. ; 2, Eleis -idis, f. Elean; 3, 
Elias -adis, f. Elean, Olympic; equa, a horse 
running in the. Olympic games, Verg. 

Elissa (Ellsa) -ae, f. (*EAicrcra), another name 
of Dido, 



eli 



ISt 



&m& 



elix -icis, in. (elicio), a deep furrow, to with- 
draw moisture from the roots of plants, Ov. 

elixus -a -mil (ex and lix), boiled, Hor. 

elleborus (helleborus) -i, m. (eAA<r£opos 
ami fAAtSopos), and gen. elleborum (helle- 
borum) -i, n. hellebore, a plant supposed to 
be a remedy for madness ; expulit elleboro mor- 
buni bilemque meraco, Hor. 

eloco, 1. to let, let on hire; fundum, Cic. 

elocutio -onis, f. (eloquor), oratorical de- 
livery, elocution (= §p&o-is), Cic. 

clogium -liiA. 1, a short maxim, apophthegm; 
Solonis, Cic. ; 2, an inscription on a gravestone, 
epitaph, Cic. ; 3, a clause in a mil, a codicil, 
Cic. 

eloquens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
snperl. (from eloquor), eloquent ; omnium elo- 
quentissimi Ti. et C. Sempronii, Cic. 

eloquentia -ae, f. (eloquens), the art of 
speaking well, eloquence, Cic. 

eloquium -ii, n. (eloquor), 1, expression of 
thought, speech; tulit eloquium insolitum facundia 
praeceps, Hor. ; 2, eloquence ; qui licet eloquio 
tldum quoque Nestora vincat, Ov. 

eloquor (ex-15quor), -locutus (-loquutus) 
sum 3. dep., to speak out, say out, express; id 
quod sentit, Cic. ; cogitata praeclare, Cic. 
^Elorus (Helorus) -i, m. fEAwpot) and 
Elorum (Helorum) -i, n. fEAwpov), river. 
on the east coast of Sicily and a town of the same 

name. Adj., 1, Elorius (Hel-) -a -urn, of or 

belonging to Elorus ; 2, Elorini -arum, m. in- 
habitants of the town. 

Elpcnor -Sris, m. ('EArnji/wp) one of the com- 
panions of Ulysses, changed by Circe into a hog. 

eluceo -luxi, 2. (ex and luceo), to beam forth, 
shine out, glitter. A. Lit, splendidissimo cand- 
ore inter flammas elucens circulus, Cic. B. 
Transf., quae (scintilla ingenii) jam turn elucebat 
in puero, Cic. 

elucto-^ 1. dep. I. Intransit., to struggle 
out, b' .ji forth. A. Lit., aqua eluctabitur 
omnia, Verg. B. Transf., velut eluctantia verba, 
Tac. II. Transit., to struggle out of, surmount 
a difficulty. A. Lit, quum tot ac tarn validae 
manus eluctandae essent, Liv. ; nives, Tac. B. 
Transf.,Jncornm difftcultatcs, Tac. 

elucubro, 1. to compose by lamplight ; causae 
diligenter elaboratae ,§t tanquam elucubratae, 
Cic. Dep. form, elucubror, 1 ; epistolam, Cic. 

eludo -liisi -lusum, 3. (ex and lndo). I. In- 
transit., to dash forth, play (of the waves of the 
sea) ; ipsum autem mare sic tenant appetens 
litoribus eludit, Cic; litus qua fluctus eluderet, 
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to parry a blow; absol., 
quasi ludibuseius eludit oratio, Cic; 2, to evade, 
try to escape ; pugnam, Liv. ; 3, to mock, ridicule, 
Cic. ; aliquem omnibus contmneliis, Liv. 

elugeo -luxi, 2. I. Intransit., to mourn for 
any one during the prescribed period, Liv. II. 
Transit, to mourn for ; patriam, ap. Cic. 

elumbis -e (ex and lumbus), weak in the 
loins ; transf., of orators, weak, feeble, Tac. 

eluo -ltti -latum, 3. to wash out, wash clean, 
rinse, cleanse. A. Lit, corpus, Ov. ; sanguiiiem, 
Cic. B. Transf., to wash away, efface, remove, 
get rid of; macnlas furtorum, Cic; crimen, Ov.; 
amicitias remissions usus, gradually loosen, 
Cic. 

elutus -a -Dm, p. adj. with compar. (from 
eluo) washed out, watery, insipid; irriguo nihil 
est elutius horto, Hor. 

eluvies ei, f. (eluo). I. Middle, a washing 
away, inundation, flood; maris, Tac; eluvie 



mons est deductus in aequor, Ov.; fig., ilia labeS 
atque eluvies civitatis, impurity, Cic II. Pass., 
1, filth; siccare eluviem, Juv. ; 2, a puddle, pond; 
in proxiina eluvie pueros eaponunt, Liv. 

eluvlo -Onis, f. (elUo), an inundation, Cic. ; 
plur. aqUartim eluviones, Cic ; eluvionea et ex* 
ustion.es terrarum, Cic. 

Elymais -maldis, f. Q-E.kvy.aU), a Persian 
district to the west of the present province of Iran, 
Adj., Elymaeus -a -urn, Elymaean. 

Elysium -II, n. ('HAuaw ne&iov), Elysium, 
tlie abode of the blessed; hence adj., Elyslua 
-a -urn, Elysian, campi, Verg. Subst, Elysii, 
m. the Elysian fields, Mart 

em, interj., Ita! indeed! Cic. 

emancipo (emanciipo) 1. I. to release or 
emancipate a son from the patria potestas, Liv. 
II. A. to transfer a son to the power of another ; 
filium alicui in adoptionem. B. Transf., to 
make over, give up, transfer; emancipatam esse 
alicui, Cic. 

emano (ex and mano). A. Lit, to flow out, 
Lucr. B. Transf., 1, to arise, spring, emanate 
from ; alii quoque alio ex fonte praeceptores 
dicendi emauaverunt, Cic; 2, to spread abroad; 
a, mala quae a Lacedaeinoniis profecta eman- 
arunt latins, Cic, ; b, of speech, ne per nos his 
sermo turn emanet, Cic ; consilia tua emanare, 
Liv.; foil, by ace and infin., Liv. 

Emathia -ae, f. (HtxaBla), an old name for 
Macedonia, Verg. ; a district of Macedonia, Liv. ; 
poet, Thessaly, Verg.; hence adj., 1, Ema- 
thius -a -uni, Emathian, Macedonian; dux, 
Alexander, Ov. ; 2, Em a this -Idis, f. Mace- 
donian; Einathides, tlie Muses, Ov. 

ematuresoo -turui, 3. A. Lit., to become. 
ripe, Plin. B. Transf., to become mild, be 
softened ; ira, Ov. 

emax -acis (emo), fond of buying, Cic. 

emblema -Stis, n. (e^A^u), 1, inlaid or 
mosaic work, ap. Cic; 2, raised or relief orna- 
ments, Cic 

embolium -li, n. (c^jSoAiof), a dramatic 
interlude, Cic. 

emendabilis -e (emendo), that may bi 
amended ; error, Liv. 

emendate, adv. (emendatus), correctly, fault'' 
lessly ; pure et emendate loqui, Cic. 

eniendatio -Onis, f. (emendo), improvement, 

emendation, amendment ; correctio philosophiae 
veterifi et emendatio, Cic. 

emendator -oris, m. (emendo), an amender, 
corrector; quasi emendator sermonis usitati, . 
Cic; emendator nostrao civitatis, Cic . • 

emendatrix -icis, f. (emendator), she who 
corrects or amends; vitiorum einendatricem legem 
esse oportet, Cic. ; o praeclaram einendatricem 
vitae poeticam, Cic. 

emendatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl. (from emendo), free from mistakes; 
faultless, perfect ; a, intellectually, locutio, Cic ; 
carmina, Hor. ; b, morally, mores, Cic. 

emendo. 1. (ex and niendum), to free from 
errors, emend, correct, improve ; a, intellectually, 
alicuius niniales, Cic. ; b, morally, civitatcm, 
Cic; conseius mihi sum corrigi me et emeiidari 
castigatione posse, Liv. ; consuetudinem viti- 
osain, Cic. ; res Itilias legibus, Hor. 

ementior -ltus, 4. dep., to devise falsely, 
counterfeit, falsify, pretend; auspicia, Cic; 
falsa nanfragin, Liv.; with ace. and infin., eo 
me beneticio obstrictnm esse ementior, Cic. ; 
absol., to make false statements; in aliquem, Cic; 



euie 



192 



enio 



partic. pl'if. (i«ss.), auspicia emciitita, Cic. ; 
neut, plur. subst., ementita et falsa, Cic. 

emereo -ui -itum, 2. and emereor -Itus, 2. 
dep. I. a, to deserve, foil, by iuiin., Ov. ; b, to 
deserve, well of a person ; aliquem, Ov. II. to 
serve; stipendia, Liv. ; partic, emeritus, a soldier 
that has served his time, a veteran, Suet.; transf., 
oM, disused ; aratrum, Ov.; pass., annuae operae 
elnerentur, Cic. ; tempus emeritum, ended, Cic. 

emergo -merai, -mersuni (ex and mergo), 3. 
I. Transit., to cause to rise, ur> ; emergere se or 
emergi, to rise up, emerge. A. Lit., serpens se 
emergit, Cic. ; eniersus e Quinine, Cic. B. Transf., 
to free oneself, to rise; emergere se ex malis, 
Xep. II. in transit., to come form, comcup. emerge. 
A. Lit., equus ex flumine emersit, Cic. B. Lit., 
1, to extricate oneself, get clear, emerge ; eniergore 
ex judicio peculatus, Cic. ; ex paternis probrisac 
vitiis, Cic ; 2, to come to light, appear ; emergit 
rarsum dolor, Cic. ; ex quo magis enrergit, quale 
sit decorum illlld, Cic. 

emeritus -a -uru (partic. of emereo). 

emetica -ae, f. (J/xeTimj), an emetic ; ap. 
Cic. 

cmctlov -mensus sum, 4. I. to measure out. 
A. Lit., spatium oculis, Verg. B. Transf., a, to 
pass over, traverse; una nocte aliquantum iter, 
Liv. ; partic. perf. pass., toto emenso spatio, 
Caes. ; d, to pass through a space of time; tres 
principes, lire through the. reigns of, Tac. ; partic. 
perf. pass., emensae in lucein noctes, Ov. II. 
to measure out, bestow; ego autcni voluntatem 
tibi profccto emetiar, Cic. 

emeto (-messui) -messum, 3. to reap, moir; 
plus fruinenti, Hor. 

emiOO -micfii -lnicatum, 1. to spring ovt, leap 
forth, appear quickly, dart forth. I. A. Lit., 1, of 
lightning, flame, etc., fiamma emicat ex oculis, 
Ov. ; 2, of water, blood, etc. ; scaturigines 
ten lies emicant, Liv. B. Transf., a, to break 
out ; alicui pavor emicat, Tac; b, to shine forth, 
be. distinguished ; inter quae verba forte si 
emicnit decorum, Hor. II. 1. of weapons, 
missiles, etc., to whiz forth; telum excussuin 
velnt. glans emicabat, Liv. ; 2, of persons, to 
jump oiil ; in litus, Verg. III. to rush up; 1, 
of filings, in superos ignes, Ov. ; 2, of persons, 
to jump tip; solo, Verg. 

emigro, 1. to remove, from a place, wander 
f,rth, migrate, emigrate ; hue ex ilia domo prae- 
toria emigrabat, Cic. ; don.o, Caes. ; transf., e 
vita, to die, Cic. 

cminens -cutis, p. adj. (from emineo). A. 
Lit., prominent, projecting, loft)/; piomontoria, 
Caes. ; oeuli, standing out, Cic; genae lenitercmi- 
nentes, Cic B. Transf., illustrious, distinguished, 
eminent; oratores, Tac. Subst., eminentes 
-lam, in. remarkable persons, Tac. 

cminentia -ae, f. (emineo), a, protuberance, 
prominence ; nee habere nllam soliditatein nee 
eminentiam, Cic. ; b, in painting, the lights of a 
picture, Cic. 

emineo -mlnui, 2. (ex and rnineo). I. Lit., 
1, to project, stand out; ex terra nihil eminet 
quod, etc., Cic. ; eminentibns oculis, with pro- 
jecting eyes, Cic ; .jngum directum eminens in 
mare, Caes. ; 2, of the lights of a picture, to 
stand nut; mngis id, quod erit illuminatuin, 
exstareatqne eminere videatur, Cic II. Transf., 
1, to appear, become visible; toto ex ore crudelitas 
eminebat, Cic; eminenteanimo patrio inter pub- 
lieae poenae ministei'inin, Liv.; 2, t>> be conspicu- 
ous, remarkable, eminent; Demosthenes nnus 
eminet inter omnes in onini t;enere dicendi, Cic. ; 
tantum eminebat peregrina virtus, Liv. 

eminiis, edv. (e and maiius, opp. comminus), 
1, milit. t. t.. at a distance, from a distance; 



eminiiH bast is ftut comminus glndlis titi, OJc.J 
eminiis pugnare, Caes. ; 2, at a distance, from 
afar, OY. 

emiror, 1. dep., to wonder at exceedingly, be 
astonished at ; aequora, Hor. 

emissarfum -ii, n. (emitto), an outlet for 
water, Cic. * 

emissarlua -Ti, m. (emitto), a, 2>erson sent 
out to gain intelligence, an emissary, a spy, Cic 

emisslo -dnis, f. (emitto), a sending forth ; 
1, of missiles, balistae lapidum et reliqua tor- 
menta eo graviores emissiones habent, quo sunt 
contenta atque adducta vehement! us; 2, letting 
loose ; anguis, serpeutis, Cic. 

omissus -us, m. (emitto), sending forth, 
Luer. 

emitto -misi -missum, 3. (ex and mitto). I. 
to send forth, send out. A. Gen., equitatus pa- 
bulandi causa emissus, Caes. B. Esp., 1, milit. 
t.t., to send out against an enemy; cohortes ex 
statione et praesidio, Caes. ; equities in hostem, 
Liv. ; 2, a, to drive away; aliquem ex domo, 
Cic; b, to hurl forth ; hastam in fines eoniin, 
Liv. ; 3, to soul forth from oneself; si nnbium 
conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse 
fulmen, Cic. ; varios sonitus linguae, Lncr. ; 
4, of fluids, to let. forth. ; aquam ex lacu Albano, 
Liv. ; lacum, to draw off, Cic ; 5, of a book, to 
publish ; si quando aliqukl dignuin nostro nomine 
emisimus, Cic II. to let go, let loose. A. Gen., 
1, lit., aliquem noctu per vallum, Caes. ; manu 
anna, Caes. ; 2, transf,, aliquem de manibus, 
ti let slip, Cic. ; emissa <le manibus res est, Liv. 
B. Esp., 1, in the circus, to start, send away ; 
quibnseum tanqnam e carccribus emissus sis, 
Cic. ; 2, a, to let out of prison ; aliquem e or de 
carcere, Cic. ; b, to let go; angueni, Cic; ali- 
quem ex obsidione, Liv.; aliquem sub jugum, 
to send under the yoke, Liv. ; legal t. t., of slaves, 
aliquem manu, to free, Liv. ; of a debtor, libra 
et aere liberatum emittit, Liv. 

emo, eini, emptum, 3. to buy, purchase. A. 
Lit., doniuni de aliquo, Cic; aeucs ab aliquo, 
Cic; with abl. or genit. (with adjectives and 
pronouns), of price, emere grandi pectin ia, Cic; 
inagno, dear, Cic ; parvo, ch/ap, Cic. ; emere 
domnm propedimidio carius qnam aestimnbal nr, 
Cic; beiie, cheap, Cic; male, dear, Cic; miii- 
oris, cheaper, Cic. ; plnris, dearer", Cic. ; bona de 
aliqua duobns millibus liumuiuiu', Cic Subst., 
emptum -i, n. the contract of sale; ex empto, 
Cic. B. Transf., to bribe, buy; judices, Cic. ; 
em}>tum judicium, Cic ; emptadolore voluptns, 
Hor. 

emoderor, 1. dep., to moderate; dolorem 
verbis, Ov. 

emodiilor, 1. dep., to sing, praise in verse ; 
Musnm per undenos pedes, Ov. 

emoTImentum = emolumentum (q.v.). 

emollio -ivi -itum, 4. (ex and mnllio), to 
soften. A Lit., fundus et amenta, Liv.. B. 
Transf., a, in a good sense, to make mild-, soften ; 
mores, Ov. ; b, in a had sense, to make effemin- 
ate; exercitum, Liv. 

emolumentum -i, n. (emolior, to work out), 
1, effort, labour, exertion, Caes. ; 2, the result of 
effort, gain, advantage. ; emolumento esse, Cic; 
emolunienta rernm, Liv. 

emonco, 2. to warn, admonish; aliquem nt, 
etc., Cic. 

emorior -mortiins sum -mdri, dep., to die. 

A. Lit. Of persons, pro aliquo, Cic. ; non mis- 
erabiliter, Cic; per virtutem, bravely, Sail. 

B. Transf., to perish; laus emori non potest, 
Cic. 

emovco -movi -motum, 1. I. to move out 



Emp 



199 



eno 



move away, remove. A. Lit., multitudinem e 
foro, Liv. : aliquos senatu, Liv. B. Transf. , 
euros dictis, Verg. II. to shalce, sliatter; nruros 
fuiulanieutaque, Verg. 

EmpSddcles -is, m. (EixitcSokK^), a poet 
and philosoplier of Agrigentum ; hence adj., 
EmpSd&cleus -a -um, Empedoclean ; sanguis 
(ace. to the doctrines of Empedocles), the soul, 
Cic. Subst., Empedoclea -orum, u. Vie doc- 
trines of Empedocles, Cic. 

etnpiriOUS -i, m. (inircipiicos), an unscientific 
physician, empiric, Cic. 

Emporiae -arum, f. ('E/xn-opi'ai), town in 
Hispania Tarraconensis, colony of the I'hocaeans, 
now Ampurias. 

emporium -ii, n. (<!p.;rdpioi<), a place of trade, 
mart, emporium; celebre et frequens emporium, 
Liv. 

emptlo -onis, f. (emo). A. a buying, pur- 
chasing ; istii falsa et sinmlata emptio, Cic. 
B. Meton., a purchase; prorsus existis emptioh- 
ibus nullani desidero, Cic. 

emptito, 1. (freq. of emo), to buy up, to buy, 
ap. Tac. 

emptor -oris, m. (emo), a buyer, purchaser; 
emptor fundi, Cic. ; emptores bonorum, Cic. ; 
transf.,. dedecorum pretiosus emptor, Hor. 

emulgeo -mulsum, 2. to milk out ; poet., 
transf., to drain out, to exhaust ; paludein, Cat. 

emuiigo -munxi -mitnctum, 3. (e and 
*mungo). A. Lit, to blow the nose, Juv. B. 
Transf., a, homo emunctae naris, with a keen 
scent for other persons' faults, Hor. ; b, to cheat, 
defraud, swindle; aliquem, Hor. 

emunio -miinivi or -lnunli -infinitum, 4. 1, 
to fortify, strengthen, make safe; locum, lnuruin, 
Liv. ; 2, to make ready, prepare, make accessible; 
»ilvas ac paludes, Tac. 

en, interj., 1, demonstr. with nom. or ace, 
io ! behold .' see I en ego vester Ascanius, Verg. ; 
en qtiatuor aras, Verg. ; en causa, Cic. ; absol., 
en, cui tu lfberos committas, Cic. ; with aspice, 
en aspice, Ov.; 2, interrog., en, quid ago? Verg.; 
with unquara, en unquam futuruin, etc., Liv. 

enarrabilis -e (enarro), that can be nar- 
rated or told, Verg. 

enarro, V to tell, narrate ; enarrare alicui 
somnium, Cic. 

enascor -uatus sum, 3. dep., to grow out of, 
spring forth, arise from ; lauream in puppi navis 
longae enatam, Liv. 

enato, 1. to swim from, escape by swimming. 

A. Lit., si fractis enatat exspes navibus, Hor. 

B. Transf., to extricate oneself from a diffiadty ; 
reliqui habere se videntur angustius ; enatant 
taiuen, Cic. 

enavatus -a -um, performed, finished, Tac. 

enavigo, 1. I. Intransit., to sail away; 
fig., e quibus tanquam e scrupulosis cotibus 
enavigavit oratio, Cic. IL Transit., to sail 
over, sail through ; undam, Hor. 

Enceladus -i, m. (' Ey KehaSos), one of the 
giants, slaiii. by the lightning of Jupiter, and 
buried beneath Aetna. 

endo, archaic = in. 

endromis -Wis, f. (IvSponis), a coarse woollen 
cloak worn after exercise in the palaestra, Juv. 

Endymlon -Onis, m. (EvSvm.<iv), son of 
Aetldius or of Zeus aiid Calyce, father of Aetohus, 
beloved by Sdene aiul taken to Mount lAttmos in 
Curia, and there lulled to perpetual sleep; appell., 
a beautiful youth, Juv. 

eneco -necfti -ncctuin, 1. to torment, torture; 
siti eucctus Tantalus, Cic; fame, frigore, illuvie, 



squalore euecti, Liv. ; provhiciam cneetani 
traders, exhausted, Cic. 

enervatus -a -um, p. adj. (enervo), enerv- 
ated, powerless, effeminate; a, of persons, Cic; 
b, of things, mollis et enervata oratio, Cic. ; 
enervata muliebrisque sententia, Cic. 

enervls -e (ex and nervus), nerveless, power' 
less, weak ; orator, Tac. 

enervo, 1. (enervls), to render weak, power' 
less, effeminate, to enervate ; of age, aliquem, Cic. ; 
of sleep, wine, etc., Liv.; belllim, Cic; ut enerv- 
etur oratio corapositione verboriun, Cic. 

Engydn ^i, n. Ctyyvov), a town ** Sicily; 
hence, Engulnus -a -um, of or belonging to 
Engyoru 

enlco = eneco (q. v.). 

Snim, conj. (from e and nam), for; 1, to 
explain a previous statement or word, de cor- 
pusculorum (ita enim appellat atomos) con- ' 
cursione fortuita, Cic. ; often where a sentence 
is to be understood, turn Socrates, non enim 
paruisti mini revocanti, that is not to be wondered 
at for, etc., Cic. ; 2, to strengthen a previous 
statement, truly, certainly ; in his est enim 
aliqua securitas, Cic; with other conj., at enim, 
sed enim, but then, Cic. (enim generally the 
second or third word in its clause). 

enimvero, 1, to be sure, certainly, Cic; 2,' 
but indeed ; stronger than at (to introduce an 
objection), Cic. 

Empeus -pei and -pgos, m. (Eviirevs), 1, a 
river in Thessaliotis, flowing into the Apidanus ; 
2, a river in Pieria, Liv. 

enisus, v. enixus and enitor. 

enlteo -ui, 2. to shine out, shine forth, to 
glitter. A, Lit., enitet-ianipus,Verg. B. Transf;, " " ' 
to be conspicuous; quo in bello virtus enituit > 
egregia M. Catonis, Cic. 

emtesco -tui, 3. (inchoat. of eniteo), to gleam, 
shine forth. A. Lit., enitescit pulchrior multo, 
Hor. B. Transf., bellum novum exoptahat, 
ubi virtus enitescere posset, Sail. 

enitor -nlsus or -nixus, 3. dep. I. Intransit., 

A. to work one's way up, to struggle up, ascend ; 
per adversos fluctus ingenti labore remiguin, 
Liv. ; in altiora, Tac B. to strive, struggle, 
make an effort ; with ut and the subj., Cic. ; eniti 
et contendere, eniti et efficere ut, etc, Cic ; 
with ne and the subj., Sail. ; pugnare et eniti 
ne, Cic; with neut. ace, quod quidem'certe 
enitar, Cic. ; quid eniti et quid emcere pos'sim, 
Cic; with intin., Sail.; absol., in aliqua -- re ' 
Cic ; ad dicendum, Cic II. Transit., 1,' i 
bring forth, bear ; partus plures, Liv. ; 2, 
climb ; aggerem, Tac 

enixe, adv. with compar. and superl.(enixu. 
eagerly, strenuously, zealously; enixe alique 
juvare, Caes. ; enixe operam dare ut, etc, Liv. 
enixe obstare, Liv. 

enixus (enisus) -a -um, p. adj. (enitor), 
strenuous, eager, zealous; enixo studio, Lfv.' 

Enna = Henna (q.v.X 

gmtf na -Ii, m. tliemost celebrated of the ante- 
Augustan poets, born at Rudiae ift Calabria, B.C. ' 
289, died 169, the creator of Roman epic poetry.- . 

Eunoslgaeus -i, in. ('Evvoviyaios^.the 
Earthshaker, surname of Neptune, Juv. 

eno, 1. A. Lit., to swim out; 1, e conclia, 
Cic. ; 2, to escape by swimming ; in terrain, Liv. 

B. Transf., to fly away; insuetum per iter 
gelidas enavit ad Arctos, Verg. 

enodate, adv. (enodatus), clearly, plainly; 
narrare, Cic. 

enodatio -onis, f. (enodo, an untying), ex- 
planation^ exposition, ; cognitio enodationis in* 



eno 



191 



epl 



digflnS, Cic ', eSplicatio fabularum et enodatio 
nominum, Oic 

enodatUs -a -um, p. adj. (from enodo), fired 
from knots, untied, hence, made clear, explained; 
praecepta enodnta diligenter, Cic. 

enodis -e (ex and nodus), without knots; 
ti uncus, Verg. ; abies, Ov. 

enodo, 1. to take out the knots; tiansf., to 
make clear, explain, expound; nomina, Cic. 

enormia -e (ex and norma), 1, irregular, 
unusual; vici, Tac. ; 2, very large, immense, 
eiiorwoits; liasta, gladius, Tac. 

enotesco -iifltui, 3. to lecome known, be made 
■public ; quod ubi enotuit, Tac. 

ensil'er -f&ra -ferum (ensis and fero), sword- 
bearing ; Orion, Ov. 

ensis -Is, m. a sword, Liv., Verg. 

Entella -ae, f. ("Er-reAAa), a town 'in the 
interior of Sicily, now Entella. Adj., Entel- 
linus -a -um, of or belonging to Entella. 

enthymema -itis, n. (ivO^iagutJi a syllogism 
in which one of the three terms is unexpressed, Cic. 

enubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to marry out of 
one's rank; e patribus, Liv. ; from one town to 
anotlitr, Liv. 

enucleate, ad v. (ewacltsduH),clearly, plainly, 
concisely (opp. ornate), Cic. 

enucleatus -a -um, p. adj. (from enucleo), 
of discourse, clear, plain, unadorned; genus 
dicendi, Cic. 

enucleo, 1. (ex and nucleus), to take out the. 
kernel; tiansf., acu quaedam enucleate argu- 
menta, Cic. ; eblandita ilia, non enucleata esse 
HUlfragia, given from conviction, free from corrupt 
motives, Cic ; haec nunc enuoleare non ita ne- 
cesse est, exjilain in detail, Cic. 

enumeratio -onis, f. (enumero), 1, a count- 
ing up, enumeration ; singnlorum argmnont- 
oiuin, Cic; 2, in rhetoric, recapitulation, Cic. 

enumero, 1. 1, to reckon, count up, enu- 
memte; pretium, to compute, pay, Cic; 2, to 
co>mt up, enumerate, in discourse, recapitulate; 
ninltitudinein benellcioruin, Cic. 

enuntiatio -onis, f. (enuntio), enunciation, 
proposition, Cic. 

enuntlatum -i, n. (ennntio), a proposition, 
Cic. 

enuntio, 1. 1, to tell, divulge, disclose; con- 
sllia adversariis, Cic; enuntiare mysteria, Cic; 
"■ilenda, Liv. ; rem Helvctiis per indicium, Caes. ; 

til rel. 9ent., plane quid sentiam enuntiabo 

nl homines familiarissimos, Cic. ; 2, to de- 

., announce, express in words; a, illiquid 

jis, Cic. ; b, logic, t.t., to stat* a proposition, 

•redicate, Cic. 

ennptlo -Snis, f. (ennbo), marriage out of 
ne's own condition; gentis, out of one'3 gens, 
Liv. 

enutrlo -ivi -ittlin, 4. to nourish, rear, bring 
up ; puernm Ideis sub antris, Ov. 

1. eo, ivi and li, Hum, 4. (connected with 
Gr. «Vi). L to go. A. Of living beings, 1, gen., 
domum, Plant. ; ad foruin, Plant. ; subsidio 
suis, Cacs. ; novas vias, to make a journey in 
unknown lands, Prop. ; pedibus, to go by land, 
Liv.; maxiinisitineribus, to make forced marches, 
Liv. ; eubitum, to go to bed, Cic ; equis, to ride, 
Liv. ; mippibus, to make a voyage, Ov. ; 2, esp., 
a, ad anna, ap. Cic, and ad saga, Cic, to fly to 
arms, preparr. for war ; b, in sententiam (with 
or without pedibus), to support a motion in the 
senate, Cic. ; in alia omnia, to oppose a motion, 
vote in. the negative, Cic; c, ire in aliquem, to 
attack, Liv,; d, in poenas, to punish. Ov.; lr 



scclus, to commit a fault, Ov. ; ire in duphliil, 
to give a double penalty, Cic. ; ierat in causam 
praeceps, Liv. ; e, ire per aliquid, to go over ; 
ire per laudes tuorum, Ov. B. of tilings, a, 
clamor it ad aethera, Verg. ; pugna it ad pedes, 
they fight afoot, Liv. ;.b>. to move; nee pes ire 
potest, Ov. ; c, of missiles, to go, pierce; iit 
liasta, Verg.; d, of liquids, tofiow; it naribus 
ater sanguis, Verg. II. 1, to pass away ; emit 
anni, Ov. ; sic eat quaecumque Romans lngebit 
hostem, Liv.; 2, to go, to happen; incipit res 
melius ire, Cic; 3, to last ; si non tanta quies 
iret, Verg.; 4, ire in aliquid, to be. changed to; 
sanguis it in sucos, Ov. (perf. it, Verg. Atn. 9, 
418; Ov. Met 8, 349). 

2. e6, adv. I. Old dat. of is, &,, thither, to 
that place ; pervenire, Cic ; b, so fur, to such 
a pitch; eo rem adducain ut, etc., Cic; with 
genit., eo consuetuclinis adducta res est, Liv. ; 
eo usque, to that point, Cic II. Abl., a, on 
that account; eo quod, Cic; eo quia, Cic; eo 
ut, etc, Cic; non eo, dico, quo, Cic; b, with 
comparatives, eo magis, the more, Cic; c, mi 'hat 
jplace; eo loci, at that very place, Cic 

eodem, adv. I. Old dat. of idem, to the same 
place, just so far ; eodem mittere, Caes. ; transf., 
eodem pertinere, Cic. II. Abl., res est eodem 
loci ubi -reliquisti, inthesnme condition, Cic. 

eopse = eo ipso. 

Eos (17W?) and Eos (*Eu£) (occurs only in 
noin.), f. the red of tlie morning, dawn; hence 

adj., Eons and EOUS -a -um, belonging to the 
morning or belonging to the East, eastern. Subsf., 
EOUS -i, m. a, the morning star, and meton., 
the East cj a dweller in the. East, Ov. ; b, one of 
the liorses of the sun, Ov. 

Epaminondas -ae, m.' ('E7raMet>wSa?), « 
celebrated generaloflhe Tliebans, killed in the hour 
of victory at Mantinea. 

epastus -a -um (paacor), eaten up; esoae, 
Ov. 

Epeos and -eus (Eplus) -i, m. ('En-tids), 

son of Panopeus, builder oj the Trojan horse. 

ephebUS -i, HI. (e<p>]0o5), a youth from his 
sixteenth to his twentieth year (generally of 
Greeks), Cic 

ephemSris -idis, f. (e.pij/jepi's), a journal, 
diary, Cic. 

Ephesus -i, 111. ("Eipeiro?), one of the twelve 
Ionic towns in Asia Minor, famous for its 
temple of Diana and school of rhetoric. Hence, 
Ephesius -a-um, Ephesian. 

. Viippiatus -a-um (ephipplum), provided; 

'' an ephippium. 

epbippium -i, n. (t</>i7nrioi'), a horse-cloth, 
liousiiif, saddle, Cic. ; prov., optat ephippia bos 
piger, optat arare Cftbellus, 110 one it content with 
his condition, Hor. 

1. Sphot'US -i, m. (e<f>opoi), the ephor, a 
Spartan magistrate, Cic. 

2. Ephdrus -i, m. (*K</iopo?), a Greek historian 

of Cyme in Asia Minor, flourishing about 340 B.C. 

Ephyra -ae, and Ephyre ■&»,,(' E<$>vpa), f. 
I, a sea-nymph, Verg. II. the ancient name of 

Corinth; hence, Ephyrelus -a -um, Corinthian, 
Verg. 

Epicharmus -i, m, (T.mx*i>n°<;), a philoso- 
pher and poet of Cos, ami afterwards of Syracuse, 
disciple of Pythagoras. 

Eplcleros -i, f. ('Erri'KA.i?poO, "the Heiress," 
■name, of a comedy of Menander. 

epicopus -a -um (<';u'/<w7ros), provided with 
oars; phaseltM, Cici "*" 



Epi 



ld5 



6C1U 



Epicurus % 111. ('En-iKoupus), an Athenian 
philosopher, founder of the Epicurean school, vhich 
held tliat pleasure was the highest good. Hence 

adj., Epicureus (-ius) -a -um, Epicurean. 
Stibst., Epicurei -Omm, in. the disciples of 
Epicurus, Cic. 

eplcus -a -um (en-ucd?), epic; poeta, Cic; 
poema, Cic. 

Epidaphna -ae, f., ami Epldaphnes, a 
plate near Antioch in Syria. 

Epidauros -i, f. CT.-niSavpo<:), 1, a town in 
Dalmatia; 2, a town in Laconia ; 3, a town in 
Argolis, where Aesculapius was worshipped in the 

fo)-m of a serpent. Adj. Epidaurius -a -um, 
Epidmirian. Subst., Epidaurius -Ii, in. Aes- 
culapius, Ov. 
\/ 

Epigoni -orum, m.('Erriydrot), the after-born, 
sons of the Seren against Thebes, ijio renewed the 
war of their fathers ; name of a tragedy of Aes- 
chylus and of one ofAccius. 

epigramma -atis, n. (emypani±a.), 1, an in- 
scription on the base of a statue, Cic. ; 2, an epi- 
gram, Cic. 

epildgus -i, m. (tn-iAoyos), re conclusion, 
peroration, epilogue, Cic. 

Epimenides -is, m. ('En-i^ia'S)]?), a Cretan, 
a poet contemporary with Solon. 

Epimetheus -Si and -eos, m. ('ETrijurjflees), 
father of Pyrrha, son of Tapetus rend brother of 
Prometheus. Hence Epimethis -tliidis, f. 
('KTrijuijfli.'t), daughter of Epimetheus — i.e., Pyrrha, 
Ov. 

cpircdium -ii, n. (em.' and reda or raeda), 
the strap by which a horse was fastened to a 
vehicle, trace, Juv. 

Epil'US -i. f. ("Hireipos), a country of Greece, 
letuvni Macedonia, Thessaly, and the Ionian Sea, 
part of the present Albania. _ Ilence, 1, Epir- 
ensis -c, of Epirus; 2, Epirotes -ae, m. 
('HTretpwTTjs), an Spirote; 3, EpirotlCUS -a 
-um, of Epirus. 

epistdla -ae, f. (tn-ia-ToAri), awrtten communi- 
cati'in, letter, epistle ; epistola ab aliquo, Cic. ; 
a<l aliquem, Cic. ; epistolam dare, fa send off or 
to deliver, Cic ; epistdla Graecis litteris con- 
scripta, C'aes. ; epistolam inscribere alicui,. Cic. 

epistolium -ii, n. (ejuo-i-dAioi/), a little letter, 
note, Cat. 

epitaphius -!i, m. (en-ira^uo?), a funeral 
oration, Cic. 

epitoma -ae, and epitome -es, f. (en-iro^), 
an abridgment, epitome, Cic. 

epodes -um, m. a kind of salt-water fish, Ov. 

Epona -ae, f. (epus = equtis), the protecting 
goddess of horses, asses, etc., Juv. 
epops -opis, in. (eVoi/(), the hoopoe, Verg. 

Epdredia -ae, f. a Roman colony in Gallia 
Transpadana, now Yvrea. 

epos, indecL n. (en-o?), ait epic poem-, epos, 
Hor. _ 

epoto -potavi -potus and -potatrtrus 1. (ex 
and poto), a. to drink up. drink out (in class. 
Lat. only in partic. pcrf.) ; poculo epoto, Cic. ; 
epoto medicamento, Liv. ; b, poet., to suck up, 
swallow up; teneno Lycna est cpotus hiatu, Ov. 

epulae -arum, f. food, dislies. I. Gen., 
inensae conquisitisshnis epulis exstruebmitur, 
Cic. II. Esp., banquet, feast; quotidianae 
epulae, Cic. ; ftmestas epulas fratri compararc, 
Cic. ; ad epulas regis assistere, Cic. ; alicui 
epulas dare, Tac. ; fig. (pars aiiimi) saturata 
boiiarum cogitatiomim epulis, Cic 



epularls -e (epulae), relating or belonging 
to a banquet; accubitio amicorum, Cic; sacri- 
iiciuni, Cic. •• ' 

epulatlo -Onis, f. (epulor), re feasting, revel-' 
ling, Cic. 

epulo -onis, m. (epulum), 1, a reveller, 
f easier, Cic ; 2, Tresviri (and subsequently) 
Septemviri epulones, a college of priests who had 
charge of the sacrificial feasts, Cic. ; so simply 
epulones, Cic. 

epulor, 1. dep. (epulae), to feast, eat. .1, 
Intransit., una, together, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic. ; 
modice, Cic ; Saliarem in modurn, splendidlu 
Cic. ; with abl., dapibus opimis, Vorg. II. 
Transit., aliquem epulaudum ponere mensis, to 
place on the table to be eaten, Verg. 

epulum -i, n. a solemn or public banquet, 
feast, entertainment; epuli dominus, Cic.;' 
epulum populi Romani, Cic. ; alicui epulum ! 
dare nomine alicuius, Cic 

equa -ae, f. a mare, Cic. (dat. and abl. plur. 

generally equabus). 

eques -itis, c (equus). I. Gen., a horseman, 
rider; ilium equitein sex dierum spatio trans- 
currisse longitudincm Italiae, Liv. II. Esp., ' 

A. a horse-eoldier, Caes. (opp. pedes), and used 
collectively, cavalry, Liv. B. equites, the 
knights, a distinct order in the Roman common- 
wealth, between tlie senate and the plebs, Cic. 

equester -stris -stre (equus). 1. 1, relating ta~- 
horsemen and horsemanship, equestrian ; statuae, 
Cic; -Si relating to horse soldiers and cavalry; 
proeliirni, Caes.; pugna, Cic. II. relating to the' 
knights; ordo, Cic; locus, Cic. ; census, Cic 1 
Subst., equ'iSter -stris, m. a knight, Tac. 

eqrldem (strengthened form of quidem by 
addition of demonstrative prefix e-, cf. enim an<l 
nam), a demonstrative particle, generally used ' 
with the first person, 1, indeed, truly ; nihil,' 
inquit, equidem novi, Cic. ; equidem ego, Cic. ; 
certe equidem, Verg. ; 2, in a concessive sense, > 
of course, certainly ; with sed, veruin, sed tainet;, 
Cic 

equinus -a -um (equus), relating to horses, 
equine; seta, Cic; nervus, Verg. " . 

equiria -um or -orum, n. (equus), horse- 
races in honour of Mars, which took placeat Rome, . 
in the Campus Martins, every 2~th of February 
and Hth of March, Ov. 

equitacus -us, in. (equito), 1, cavalry (opp. * 
peditatus), Cic. ; 2, the equestrian order, Cic 

equito, 1. (eques). A. Lit., to ride on horse- 
back; in equuleis, Cic B. Transf., of winds, to 
rush; Emus per Siculas equitavit uudaa, Hor. 

equuleus -i, m. (dim. of equus). A. a young 
horse, colt, Cic. B. a wooden rack in the shape 
of a horse, Cic 

equulus -i, m. (dim. of equus), a colt, Cic. • 

equus -i, in. (in-iro?), a horse. I. A. Lit., 
equorum domitores, Cic. ; equns bellator, re war- 
horse, Verg. ; equus pnblieus, given by the state, 
Liv.; equum conscendere, Liv.; in equunr 
ascendere (opp. ex equo descendere), Cic; in- 
equum insilire, Liv. ; sedere in equo, Cic ; vein 
in equo, Cic. ; equis insignibus et aurato cuxru 
reportari, to ride in triumph. Cic. ; nierere equo,. 
to serve in the cavalry, Caes.; ad equum .re-i 
scribere, to make some one a knight, Caes. ; equus 
Trojnuus, the Trojan horse, Verg. ; . ilg., of a, 
secret conspiracy, Cic B. Meton., plnr., cciui; 
1, a. chariot, Verg.; 2, cavalry'.; equi viflquej , 
Liv. ; so prow, equis viiis or viris equisquc;' 
with all one's might, Cic. II. Transf., of things^ 
like a horse. A. equus bipes, thesea-horse, Verg.', 

B. the constellation Pegasus. Cic poet. (genlU^ 
I pl'ir., equum, Verg.) "' "-'- 



Equ 



190 



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■ E^UUS l"uticus -i, m. a small toivn in the 
country of the Hirpini in Lower Italy. 

erddo -rasi -risuin, 3. to scratch out, to strike 
off. A. Lit., aliquem albo senatorio, from the 
senatorial list, Tac. B. Transf., to destroy, eradic- 
ate; eleinenta cupidinis pravi, Hor. 

Er&na -ae, f. ('Epava), capital of the Elcu- 
theroeilices on Mount Amanus. 

Er&slnus -i, m. ("Epaalvoi), river in Argolis, 
now Kephalai i. 

Er&to -us, t". ('EpoTu'), the muse of amorous 
poetry, Ov. ; appell., muse, Verg. 

Eratosthenes -is, m. ('F.poTotree'njs), a 
Greek philosopher and poet. 

ercisco, erctum = hereisco, herctum (q.v.). 

Erebus -i, in. ('Ep^ot). 1, a god of the lower 
world, son of Chaos and brother of Nox, Cic. ; 2, 

the lower world . Verg. Adj., Erebeus -a -um, 
belonging to the lower world. 

EreohthOUS -ei, m. CEpex**"*), a mythical 
king of Athens, father of Orithyia and Procris; 

hence, 1, adj., Erechtheus -a -urn, m. Athen- 
ian, Ov. ; 2, Erectbidae •arum, m. theAthen- 
ians,Ov.; 3, Erechthis -Wis, f. Orithyia, Ov.; 
Procris, Ov. 

erectus -a -uin, p. adj. with compar. (from 
erigo), set up. I. Lit., upright, erect; status, Cic. 
II. Transf., A. Gen., high, elevated; a, in a good 
sense, celsns et erectus, Cic; b, in a bad seiise, 
proud; erectus et celsus, Cic. B. Esp., a, 
anxious, intent, with minds on the stretch ; judices, 
Cic. ; quum civites in foro exspectatione erecta 
staret, on the tiptoe of expectation, Li v. ; b, reso- 
lute, lively, cheerful; alacti aniuio et erecto, Cic. 

erepo -repsi -reptum, 1, to creep through; 
agrum, Juv. ; 2, to climb; niontes quos nuu- 
quam ercpsemu9 (= erepsissemus), Hor. 

ereptlo -6nis, f. (eripio), a taking by force, 
seizure, Cic. 

ereptor -Oris, m. (eripio), one who takes away 
by force, a robber ; bonoruin, Cic. ; llbertatls, Cic. 

ErStrla -ae, f. CEperpi'a). I. a town near 
Pharsalvs in Phthiotis. II. a toivn in the island 
of Euboea, notire town of the philosopher Afene- 
demus, founder of the Eretrian school of philo- 
sophy. Adj., a, Erc-tricus -a -uiu ; subst., 
Erltrlci -orum, in. the philosophers of the 
Eretrian school, Cic; so Erotrl&ci -orum, m. 
Cic; b, Eretrfensis -e, Eretrian] 

EretV.m -i, n. ('HpTjroi'), an old Sabine town 
on the Tiber, now Cretona. Adj., EretLaus 
-a -um, Eretine. 

erga, prep, with ace. (root ERG, whence 
tlpyw), towards; l,inrclationto; ea prima Tiberio 
t*ga peeuniam alienam diligentia fuit, Tac. ; 2, 
in relation to, towards (of one's feelings or atti- 
tude towards a person or thing) ; a, in a good 
cense, erga nos amice et benevolo collegisti, 
Cic; amor erga te suus, Cic; benevolentia erga 
aliquem, Cic ; b, in a bad sense, odium erga 
iliquem, Nep.; invidia erga aliquem, Tac 

ergastuium -i, n. a house of correction for 
slaves ; ille ex eompedibus atque ergastulo, Cic; 
eltquem in ergastulnm dare or ducere, Liv. ; 
apud aliquem in ergastulo esse, Cic ; ergastula 
aolvere, Caes. 

ergo, adv. (fpyo). I. With a genit. pre- 
ceding It, on account of; victoriae, non valefud- 
hiis ergo, Liv. II. Absol., consequently, there- 
fore, accordingly, then. A. Gen., Cic; itaque 
<rgo, Liv. B. Esp., a, of logical consequences, 
therefore; ergo etiara, Cic; b, with questions, 



then; quid ergo? why then? Cic; c, frith im- 
peratives, then, now, Cic. ; d, to resume some- 
thing that had been dropped, well then, as I wat 
saying, Cic. (sometimes ergo in meaning 
No IL). 

Erichrho -us, f. Cv.pi\8w), « Thessalian 
witch consulted by Pompey ; transf., a witch, Ov. 

Erichthonius -ii, m. ('Epixfldno*), 1, a 
mythical king of Athens, the first to yoke four 
horses in a chariot; adj., Eriohthonius -a -am, 

Athenian; 2, a mythical king of Troy, son of 
Dardanus, father of Tros ; hence, Erichthdrii- 
US -a -um, Trojan. 

ericius -ii, m. (a hedgehog) ; milit. t. t., a 
beam thickly studded with iron spikes, chevaux-de- 
frise, Caes. 

Eridanus -i, in. (HpiSavos), 1, myth, and 
poet, name of the river Padus ; 2, a constellation, 
Cic. poet. 

erigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (ex and rego), to set 
up, place upright, lift up, erect. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., sea las ad inoenia, Liv. ; malum, a mast, 
Cic; oculos, to raise, Cic; aures, to prick up the 
ears, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to raise in height ; a, of 
places, to make higher; donee erecta in arcein 
via est, Liv.; so middle, to rise ; insula Sicanium 
juxta latus erigitur, Verg.; b, to raise, erect a 
building, etc.; turreni, Caes.; 2, milit. t. t., to 
march a body of soldiers up a height; agmen in 
ndversum clivum, Liv. ; aciem in colleni, Liv. 
II. Transf., A. Gen., to arouse, excite; aniinum 
ad audiendum, Cic. ; auditor erigatur, he atten- 
tive, Cic. B. Esp., to raise up, encourage, cheer ; 
aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem ad spem belli, Tac. ; 
aniinum, Cic. ; se erigere, to encourage oneself, 
be encouraged ; erigere se in spem legis, Liv. ; so 
pass., erigimur, Hor. 

Erigdne -es, f. ('Hpiydn)), the daughter oj 
Icarus, transformed into the constellation Virgo ; 
hence adj., Erlgonclus -a -um, belonging to 
Erigone; c.ais, the dog of Icarus, Maera, changed 
into the constellation Canicula. 

ErigOUUS -i, m. CEpiyuv), a tributary of the 
Axius 'in- Macedonia, now Tzerno. 

Erillus (H erillus) -i,jn. ("HpiAAot), a Stoic 
philosopher of Carthage. Erillli -orum, m. the 
disciples of Erillus. 

Erinuys (Erinys)-yos, f. ('Epu'i-u'?). I. one 
of the Furies ; plur., Erinnyes, the Furies. II. 
Transf., A. scourge, curse; patriae communis 
Erinys, Verg. B. fury, madness; quo trislis 
Erinys, quo fremitus vocat, Verg. 

Eriphyla -ae, f. ami Eriphyle -es, f. 

('Ept<pi'A7)), daxighter of Talans and I.ysimache, 
wife of Amphiaraus, whom she betrayed to Poly- 
nices for a golden necklace, for which she teas 
slain hy her son Alcmaeon. 

eripio -ripfli -reptum, 3. (ex and rapio), to 
snatch away, tear out, pluck out. take away; 
constr. with ex, ab, de with i he abl. or the abl. 
alone, or with the dat.( of the person). I. Gen., 
ensem vagina, Verg. ; aliquem ex equo, Liv. IL 
Esp., A. In a bad sense, to tear au-ay, snatch 
away by violence; aliquem ex manibns pnpuli 
Romani, Cic; hereditatemabaliquo, Cic; aurum 
Gallis, Liv. ; Scipioqnamquam estsubitoereptus, 
snatched away ?»/ death, Cic. ; alicui vitam, Sail. ; 
omnem usum navium, Caes. B. In a good 
sense, to free, tear away ; aliquem e manibns 
hostium, to rescue, Caes. ; filiuiu a morte, Cic ; 
se ab ilia miscria, Cic. ; aliquem ex servitute, 
Sail. ; alicui tiinorem.Cic ; eripete morae, away 
with delay, Hor. ; eripe fugam, snatch the oppor- 
tunity of flight, Verg. 

erddo -iosi -rdsnm, 3. (ex and mdo), to q aw 
away, gnaw into, eat into; vites, Cic 



ero 



197 



esc 



crogatio -Onis, f. (erogo), payiMnt, expendi- 
ture; pecuniae, Cic. 

erogo, 1. (ex and rogo), to pay from the public 
treasury; pecuniain ex acrario, Cic; peeuniaiu 
in classem, Cic. 

errabundus -a -um (1. erro), wandering; 
of persons, nunc errabundi domos suos pervag- 
arentur, Liv. ; of animals, etc., vestigia bo vis, 
Verg. ; odor, Lucr. 

erratlcns-a-um(l.erro), wandering, erratic; 
Delos, Ov. ; vitis serpens multiplici lapsu et 
crratico, Cic. 

erratio -onis, f. (1. erro), a wandering, stray- 
ing ; nulla in caelo erratio, Cic. ; eum (cacli 
niotuiii) ab oinni erratione liberavit, Cic. 

erratum -i, n. (1. erro), a fault, error ; 1, 
technically, erratum fabrile, Cic; erratum 
iiieuin, tuuni, etc., mistake in reckoning, Cic. ; 2, 
morally, errata aetatis nieae, of my youth, Cic 

erratus -As, m. (I. erro), wandering about 
straying ; longis erratibus actus, Ov. 

1. erro, 1. I. to wander, stray, rove. A. Lit., 

1. intransit., quum vagus et exsul erraret, Cic. ; 
of inanimate objects, 'stellae errantes, Cic ; 

2, transit., terrae erratae, wandered over, Verg.; 
litora errata, Verg. B. Transf., ne vagari 
et errare cogatur oratio, Cic. ; ne tuus erret 
lionos, Ov. ; sententia errans et vaga, uncertain, 
Cic. II. to wander from, the right path, lose one's 
way. A. Lit., errare via, Verg. B. Transf., to 
err, be in error, be mistaken ; vehementer, valde, 
Cie. ; si erratur in nomine, Cic. ; cui, crrato, 
nulla venia, when a mistake is made, Cic. 

2. erro -Onis, m. (1. erro), a wanderer, rover, 
vagabond; esp. of slaves, Hor.; of unfaithful 
lovers, Ov. 

error -Oris, m. (1. erro), a wandering about. I. 
Gen., A. Lit., error acdissipatiocivium, Cic. B. 
Transf., wavering, uncertainty ; qui tibi aestus, 
qui error, quae tenebrae erunt, Cic. II. Esp., 
wandering from the right way. A. Lit., errore 
viaruni, Liv.; oursus errore facili, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, error, deception; errore duci, Cic; 
in crrorem imluci, rapi, Cic; mentis, Cic; 2, 
mistake ; ferendus tibi in hoc meus error, Cic. 

erubesco -rubui, 3. to grow red, Mush ; a, 
erubuere genae, Ov. ; b. to grow red from shame, 
be ashamed ; ubi erubuit, Cic. ; with in and the 
abl., Cic; with abl., Liv.; with ut and the 
subj., Cic. ; with infill., Liv. ; erubescendus 
-a -um, of which one should be ashamed; ignes, 
Hor. 

eruca -ae, f. a kind ofcolewort, Hor. 

eructo, 1. to belch forth, throw up, vomit. 
A. Lit., sanieiu, Verg. ; fig., sermonibus suis 
caedem, to talk of, Cic. B. to cast out, emit, 
eject ; arenam, Verg. 

erudio -Ivi and -H -itum, 4. (ex and rudis), 
to instruct, teach, educate; aliquein, Cic; with 
abl., aliquein artibus, Cic; with in and the abl., 
aliquein injure civili.Cic ; tiliosomnibusartibus 
ad Graecoram disciplinain, Cic. ; with two ace, 
aliquein damnosas artes, Ov. ; with intin., Ov. 

erudite, adv., only used in compar. and 
superl. (eruditus), learnedly; eruditius disputare, 
Cic. 

eriiditlo -onis, f. (erudio), 1, teaching, in- 
struction, Cic. ; 2, knowledge, learning, erudition, 
eruditione atque doctrina, Cic. 

eruditulus -i, m. (dim. of eruditus), some- 
what skilled, Cat. 

eruditus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from erudio), learned,instructed, polished, 
erudite; homo, Cic; eruditior litteris, Cic; 
eruditissimus d ( iscij>]inf), juris, pic, Suhah, 



eruditi -oruui, m. men of education, tnc. -, 
transf., of things, tempora, saecula, oratio, Cic 

erumpo -rupi -ruptuni, 3. to break oxit, 
break forth. I. Transit., A. to cause to burst 
forth; 1, lit., gen. reflex., se erumperc, or pass., 
erunipi, to burst forth; portis se erumperc foras, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., to vent, i/isc/iarpe/stomachum in 
aliquein, Cic. B. to break through; nubem, 
Verg. II. Intransit., to burst forth, break out 
with violence. A. Lit., ignes ex Aetuae vertice 
erumpunt, Cic; milit. t. t., to rush forth; ex 
castris, Caes. ; iinpers., duabus simul portis 
erumpitur, Liv. B. Transf., a, eruinpab enim 
aliquando vera et me dlgna vox, Cic; crupit 
deinde seditio, Liv. ; b, to break out into ; with 
in or ad and the ace, ad miuas, Tac ; c, to 
break out against; sentire potuit sermones in- 
iquorum in suum potissimum nomen erumpere, 
Cic. ; d, to come to light ; si illustrantur, si 
erumpunt omnia, Cic; e, to turn out, result; 
haec quo sit eruptura timeo, Cic. ; ad pernlciem 
civitatis, Cic. 

eriio -riii -riitum, 3. to dig out. I. Gen., A. 
Lit., 1, gen., niortuum, Cic ; aurum terra, Ov. ; 
2, esp., a, to dig up; humum, Ov. ; miss5 latus 
hasta, to pierce, Ov. ; b, to tear out, pluck away; 
eruitur oculos, his eyes are torn out, Ov. B. 
Transf., a, memoriam alicuius ex annalium 
vetustate, to bring forth, Cic ; b, to bring to the 
light of day, to search out, rummage out; si quid 
indagaris, inveueris, ex tenebris erueris, Cic; 
with rel. sent., mini, sicunde potes, erues qui 
decern legati Mummio fuerint, Cic. IL to de- 
stroy utterly, rase; urbem, Verg. 

eruptio -onis, f. (erumpo), a bursting or 
■breaking forth. A. Gen., eruptio Aetnaeorum 
igniuni, Cic. B. Milit. t. t., sally, attack; 
eruptio ex oppido simul duabus portis, Liv. ; 
eruptionem facere, Caes. 

Erycina -ae, f . v. Eryx. 

Erymanthos -i, ra. (Epvp.*v6os). I. a 

mountain in Arcadia, where Hercules slew the 
Erymanthian boar. Hence, 1, Erymanthls 
-Idis, f. ('EpvuavBis), Erymanthian ; custos ursae 
Erymanthidos (Callisto), i.e., Bootes, Ov. ; 2, 
Erymanthius -a -um ('Epv/*ai>0ios), Eryman- 
thian. II. a river on the borders of Elis, falling 
into the Alpheus. 

Erysictbon -thonis, m. ('Epvo-i'x&ui'), the 
son of the Thessalidn-king Triopas, who was cursed 
by Ceres with a raging hunger for having ait 
down one of her groves, and who finally devoured 
his own flesh. 

Erytbea (-ia) -ae, f. a small island near 
Gades, where Hercules stole the oxen of Geryon. 
Hence, Ery theis -theldis, f. Erythean ; praeda, 
the oxen of Geryon, Ov. 

erjrthinus -a -um (ipvOivot), a kind of red 
barbel or mullet, Ov. 

Erythrae -arum, f. ('EpvflpaO, 1, a town in 
Boeotia; 2, Erythrae Aetolorum, a toim in 
Aetolia; 3, one of the twelve Ionian towns in 
Asia Minor. Hence adj., Erythraeua -a-um, 
Erythrean ; Erythraea terra, or simply Ery- 
tnraoa -ae, f. the district of Erythrae. 

erythraeua -a -um (epvflpalos), reddish ; mare 
Erythraeum, the Indian Ocean, Plin. 

Eryx -rycis, an. C^pv£), a mountain (also 
called Erycus mons), with a city of the same name 
on the north-west coast of Sicily,, with a famous 
temple of Venus. Adj., Eryclnus -a -um, of 
or belonging to A'ri/x.Venus Erycina, Cic; Eryain* 
alone, Venus, Hor. 

egca =ae, f, (}. eojq), 1, food, victuals., Wh ai 



esc 



198 



Euui 



nun and animals, Cic. ; 2, bait, Ov. ; transf., 
voluptas esca malorum, Cic. 

escarius^a -tun, (csca), relating or belonging 
to food. Subst., oscaria -arum, i). eating 
utensils, Juv. 

oscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (ex and 
scando). I. Intransit., to climb up, ascend; 1, 
in rotani, Cic. ; in roguin ardentcui, Cic. ; in 
tribunal, Liv. ; in currum, Cic. ; 2, to go up 
from the sea-coast inland; Ilium a mari, Liv. 
II. Transit., to ascend ; Oetain, Liv. ; rostra, 
Tac. 

' eacensio -Onis, f. (escendo), landing, dis- 
embarkation-; escensionem-facerc ab uavibus in 
terrain, Liv. 

escensus, abl. -I, in. (escendo), climbing; 
capta escensu nmnimenta, Tac. 

esclt, escunt = erit, erunt, v. .sum. 

escul . \ . v. aescul . . . 

esculentus -a -urn (csca), relating to eating, 
edible, esculent; frusta, Cic; subst., esculenta 
-oruni, n. eatables, Cic. 

Esquiliae -arum, f. (ex and colere, lit., the 
miter town, the suburb), the most considerable of 
the hills on which Home ivas built, now the heiqht 
ofS. Maria Maggiore; hence, 1, adj., Esquil- 
lus -a -uui ; 2, Esquilinus -a -urn, Esyuiline; 
subst, Esquilina -ae, f. the Esquiline gate, 

Cic. ; 3, Esquiliarius -a -um, EsqnWne. 

esaeda -ae, f. = cssedum (q.v.). 

essedarius -ii, in. (esseda), a fighter in a 
British or Gallic war-chariot, Caes. 

essedum -i. n. (a Celtic word), a iva 
chariot -used among the Gauls and Britons, anti 
aftenvards adopted by the Romans in their public 
games, Caes. ; a travelling chariot, Cic. 

esurio, 4. (desider. of l. edo). A. to be 
hungry, desire food, Cic. B. Transf., to desire 
eagerly, long for; nil ibi, quod nobis esuriatur, 
erit, Ov. 

esuritlo -onis, f. (esurio), hunger, Cat. 

csus a -um, partic of 1. edo. 

et, conj. (cf. Gr. en). I. and (joining single 
words and sentences), 1, ct . . . et, both ,. "". . 
and; etin patre etin filios, Cic. ; soet . . . que, 
•Cic. ; or que . . . et, Liv. ; 2, nec(Beque) . . . 
et, not only not . . . but; nee mrror et gaudeo, 
Cic; et . . . nee (neque), no! only . . . but also 
not, Cic; 3, et quidem, << iid indeed; duo milia 
jugerum, et quidem immania, Cic. ; sod alone, 
and indeed; magna vis est conscientiae, et magna 
in utramque partem, Cic; 4, et etiam, and 
also; auctoritate et consilio et etiam gratia, 
Cic. ; 5, et vero, and truly, Cic. ; 6, ct non, 
and no', ami not rather ; dicim eos miseros, qui 
nati sunt, et non eos, qui mortui sunt, Cic. ; 7, 
et deinde, and then, Liv. II. also; addam et 
illud etiam, Cic. III. hut ; nullane babes vitia? 
imo alia, et fortasse minora, Hor. 

etenim, eon.j., 1 (explanatory), namely, Cic; 
2 (strengthening a previous assertion), truly 
and indeed, Cic. 

Ete6cles -is and -eos, ilCEtcokAtj?), myth., 
sod of Oedipus, brother of Poiynices, hilled in the 
siege of Thebes. 

eteslaG -arum, f. (irguiai, Ho. ave^oi), winds 
which blow for forty days every year about tlic dog- 
dnys, Etesian -winds, Cic. 

etesius -a -um, Etesian, Lucr. 

6th61ogUS i, in. (g9o\6yo<;), one who mimics 
in sport the peculiarities of others; niimi ctliologi, 
Cic. 

etiam, conj. (= ct jam), lit. and already. 
I. (t-.) express duration of time), as yet, still; 



nondum etiam, vixdum etiam, not yet, s>.arcely 
yet, Cic. ; quum iste etiam cubarct, when he was 
still, fee, Cic. II. 1, in answer, certainly, yes, 
indeed ; aut etiam ant non respondeve, to answer 
yes or no, Cic. ; 2, certainly, hyidl means ; etiam, 
inqitil, beatam, sed non beatissimam, Cic. ; 3, 
to express a climax, even, nay even ; voce, motu, 
forma etiam niagnilica, Cic. ; non solum . . . 
sed (or verum) etiam, not only . . . but also, Cic. : 
turn (or quum) . . . turn etiam, as well . . . as, 
Cic; 4, even, nay; tabulas nihil profuturas, 
etiam plussuspicionisfuturuui, Cic. III. again : 
die etiam clarius, Cic. ; etiam atquectiam, again 
and again, rogarc, coiisiderare, Cic. 

etiam -num and etiam-nunc, adv., yet, 
still, till now ; dc materia loqui oratiouis etiam- 
nunc, non ipso de genere dicendi, Cic. ; nihil 
etiam nunc, nothing further, Cic. 

etiam-si, conj., even if, although, Cic. 

etiam-tum and etiam tunc, adv., even 
then, till that time, till then, Cic. 

Etruria -ae, f. a country in Centred Italy, 
now Tuscany. Adj., Etrusciis -a -um, Etntscan. 

et-si, conj., 1, although, yet; foil, by tanien, 
at, certe, etc. ; etsi non sapientissimi, at amic- 
issimi hominis auctoritate, Cic. ; 2, and yet, 
notwithstanding ; do poenas tenieritatis meae ; 
clsi quae fuit ista temeritas, Cic 

etymologia -ae, f. (erv/joAoy/a), eiymohgy, 
Cic. 

eu (cO), interj., good ! v:cll done! an exclama- 
tion of joy and approval (sometimes ironical), 
Hor. 

Euadne -es, f. (EviSinj), w\[h.,wifc of Capa- 

■ its, one of the seven who fought against. 'Thebes. 

Suander -dri, and Euandrus -i, in. 
(Kimi'Spof), myth., son of Hermes and Carnuntis, 
who led a colony from Pidlantium in Arcadia, and 
built a town m the Palatine hill. Adj., Euan- 
drius -a um, Evandrian; ensis, of l'allas, son 
o/Evander. 

EuT.oea -ae, f. (Li'/3oia), an island in the 
Aegean, Sea ; hence adj., EuboiCUS -a -um", a, 
Enboean ; cultor aquarum, the sea-god Ghmcus, 
Verg. ; b, poet., belonging to Cumae, a colony 
from Euboca ; urbs, Cumae, Ov. 

EllClldeS -is, in. (EuKAeiSrjs), 1, a. philoso- 
pher of Megara, founder of the Megarian school aj 
philosophy; 2, a mathematician of Alexandria. 

Euenus-i, in. (Evqi/cs), mytih.,kingofAetolia, 
father ofMarptssa, drowned in therirer Vycomvis, 
which received the name of Euenvs. Adj., Euen- 
inus -a -um, of ox belonging to the (river) Euenvs. 

Euganci -drain, in. a people in Upper Italy, 
living near Patavium and Verona. Adj., Euga- 
ncus -a -um, Euganean. 

euge, interj. (evye), well done.' (sometimes 
ironical), Pers. 

euhan (euan), interj. (eiiav or eu av), shout 
of the Bacchanals; euhan euhoe euhiuin, Knn. ; 
pcrsonif., lacchus et Kuban, Ov. 

euhans (euans) -ahtis = evafav, shouting 
euhan, of the Bacchanals ; with ace, euhautes 
Orgia, celebrating the orgies of Bacchus, Verg. 

Euhemcrus -i, m. (F.i'ujuepos), Greek philoso- 
pher and historian of Agrigenium, flourishing 
about 315 B.C. 

Euhias (Euias) -adia, f. (tv'ias), a Bacchante, 

EulliUS (EU1US) -ii, III. (Eiii'o?), surname of 

!■ < ■ h us. 

euhoe, interj. (ti'/oi), shout of the Bacchantes ; 
euhoe Bacche, Verg. 

Eumcncs -is, in. (EvpcVip), general of Alex- 
ander the Great, after his death governor oj 
Cappadocia. 



Eum 



199 



eve 



Eumenides -um. f. (EvixeviSes), Eumenides, 
the gracious ones, eupliein. name for the Furies. 

Eumolpus -i, m. (Euju.oA.itos), myth., son of 
Poseidon and Chione, a 1 hracicui priest of Demeter, 
founder of the Eleusinian mysteries. Hence, 
Euraolpidae -arum, m. (KvnoKiriSai), a family 
in Athens from which the priests of Demeter were 
chosen. 

eunuchus -i, m. (eivou,\os), n eunuch, Cic. 

Eupliorbus -i, m. (Eu<pop/3:>s), a Trojan, 
whose soul Pythagoras believed to have descended 
to himself. 

Euphoridn -onis, m. (Eu<f>optW), a Greek 
poet of Chalcis in Euboea, flourishing about 220 B.C. 

Euphrates -is (also -i and -ae), m. (Ewppa- 
ttj;), the Euphrates, a river in Western Asia, 
rising in Armenia, joining the Tigris, and flowing 
into the Persian Gulf; meton. the dwellers on the 
Euphrates, Verg. 

Enpolis -pSHdis, m. (Evn-oAis), an Athenian 
comic poet, contemporary with Aristophanes. 

Euripides -is and -i, m. (Evpi7rio'T)0,_ the 
celebrated Athenian tragic poet. Adj., Euripi- 
deus -a -um, of Euripides. 

Euripus -i, m. (Evp'To;), 1, a channel, strait, 
esp. the strait between Euboea and the main land, 
Cic. ; 2, an artificial canal or water-course, Cic. ; 
the ditch or moat constructed round the Circus 
Maximus, Suet. 

Europa -ae, f., and Europe -es, f. (EupuVr;). 
I. Myth., daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, 
mother of Sarpedon and Minos by Jupiter, who 
in the form of a bull carried Iter off to Crete. II. 
Geogr., the continent of Europe, said to have been 
named after Europa. Adj., Europaeus -a -um, 
belonging to Europa; dux, Minos, Ov. 

Eurotas -ae, m. (EuptoVas), the chief river of 
Lucedaemonia, now Pasilipotamo. 

eurous -a -um (eurus), eastern, Verg. 

eurus -i, m. (eupoi), a south-east wind, Verg. ; 
an east vjind. Ov. ; poet., wind in general, Verg. 

Eurydlce -es, f. (Eu'pv&Voj), wife of Orpheus, 
killed by a serpent's bite, recovered from Hades by 
Orpheus, but lost again by his looking back at Iter 
against his agreement with Pluto. 

Eurymedon. -ontis, in. (Ev'pup:e'W), river 
in Vamphylia, now Kapri-Su. 

Eurymides -ae, in. (EJpi/ui'orj?), son ofEury- 
mus, i.e., Telephus. 

Eurynomc -6s, f. {Elpwo^), daughter of 
Oceanus and Tethys, mother of Leucotho'e. 

Eurypylug -i, m. (EipuTruAos), 1, a son of 

Hercules, and king of Cos ; 2, son of Euaemon, 
one of the Greek commanders before Troy. 
Eurystheus -ei, m. (Evpvo-eevs), myth., son 

of Sthenelus, king in Mycenae, who imposed on 
Hercxdeshis twelve labours. 

Eurytus -i, m. (EupuTO?), myth., king in 
Oechalia, father of Idle and Dryope. Hence, 
Eurytis -Wis, f. daughter of Eurytus, i.e., Me. 

Euterpe -6s, f. (EuTe'p7nj), the muse of har- 
mony, Hor. 

Eutropfus -li, m. Flavius, a Roman historian 
of the fourth century a.d. 

Euxinus -a -um (Evfetros = hospitable), an 
epithet of the Black Hea ; esp. in the phrase Pontus 
Euxinus ; mare, aquae, Ov. 

evado -vasi -vasum, 3. to go oxtt, go forth. 
I. Intransit., A. Lit, 1, gen., ex balneis, Cic. ; 
oppido, Sail. ; per praeruptum saxiim in Capito- 
lium, Liv. ; 2, esp., to escajie, get off; e lnanibus 
hostium, Liv. ; e perieulo, Cic B. Transf., a, 
to l-vpt out, issue, bcrom; quos judicabat non 



posse oratores, evadere, Cic; b, to result, turn 
out ; quo evasura sint, Cic. II. Transit., 1, to 
climb, ascend ; gradus altos, Verg. ; 2, to pass, 
travel over; ripani,Verg. ; evaserant media castra, 
Liv.; 3, to escape; rlanimam, Verg. (syncop. 
perf., evasti, Hor.). 

evagor, 1. dep. I. Intransit., to wander, 
stray away. A. Lit., a, of plunderers, effuse, 
Liv.; b, milit. t. t., to wlieel to the right and 
left, maiwuvre; nullo ad evagandum rclicto 
spatio, Liv. B. Transf., appetitus longius 
evagnntur, Cie. II. Transit., to overstep; or- 
dinem rectum, Hor. 

cvalesco -valui, 3. to grow strong; 1, in 
tuniultum, to grow into a tumult, Tac; 2, to 
prevail, come into vogue ; nationis noinen evalu- 
isse paullatim, Tac; 3, to have power, to be able; 
with inlin., sed non Dardanidae medicari cus- 
pidis ictum evaluit, Verg. 

evan, v. euhan. 

Evander, v. Euander. 

evanesco -vanfii, 3. A. to vanish, disappear, 
pass away; evanescunt vinum et salsameutum 
vetnstate, Cic B. Transf., evanescit meinoria 
alicuius, Cic; spes, Cic ; rumor, Liv. 

evanidus -a -um (evanesco), vanishing, 
passing ' away ; pectora in tenues abeunt 
evanida rivos, Ov. 

e vans, v. euhans. 

cvasto, 1. to devastate, lay waste utterly; 
agiun:, vallem, Liv. 

evectus -a -um, partic of evcho. 

evcho -vexi -vectuin, 3. I. to carry out, 
bear out. A. Lit., aliquid plaustris ex fanis, 
Cic. ; aquas ex planis locis, Liv. ; pass., evehi 
(used as a middle); 1, of ships, to sail away; 
in altuni, Liv. ; 2, se evehcre and evehi, to ride 
away: se incaute, Liv. B. Transf., middle evehi ; 

a, e Piraeo eloquentia evecta est, Cic. ;b, to be 
carried away ; spe vana, Liv. ; o, faina eius 
evecta insulas, spread abroad, Tac. II. to raise, 
lift up; aliquem ad deos, raises to the heaven, 
Hor.; evehere aliquem ad consulatum, Tac. 

evello -velli -vulsum, 3. I. to tear out, 
pluck out. A. Lit., alicui linguam, Cic. ; ar- 
borem, Cic. B. Transf., to tear out, erase, re- 
move; consules non modo e memoria sed 
etiam ex fastis evellondi, Cic. ; alicui ex aiiimo 
serupulmn, Cic. II. to tear away; emblema, 
Cic 

evenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come out, come 
forth. I. Lit., inerses profundo, pulchrior 
evenit, Hor. II. Transf., 1, a, to Htm out, 
result ; bene, Cic. ; alicui feliciter, Caes. ; vides 
omnia feie contra ac dicta sint evenisse, Cic; 

b, to fall to tlie lot of; provincia (sorte) evenit 
alicui, Liv.; 2, to happen, befall, occur; pax 
evenit, Sail. ; ut plerumque evenit, Cic ; forte 
evenit ut, etc., Cic 

eventum -i, n. (evenio), 1, the issue, conse- 
quence of an action; causarum cognitio . cog- 
nitionem eventi facit, Cic. ; 2, an event, 
occurrence ; causae eventorum magis me movent 
quam ipsa eventa, Cic. 

eventus -us, m. (evenio). I. consequence, 
issue, result ; 1, gen., eventus rei, Caes. ;' event- 
us rerum qui acciderunt, Cic ; eius diei, Caes.; 
belli eventus prosner, Liv.; 2, esp., a, issue, 
end, catastrophe ; (a) of a drama, semper ad 
eventum festinat, Hor. ; (/3) of persona, impi. 
orum fratrum, Liv.; b, fav0irable issue, sucors* ; 
casus eventusnue rerum, Tac. ; nee eventus 
defuit, Tac. II. an occurrence, event, Cic. ; fate; 
uuditur Decii eventus, Liv. 

everbero, 1. to strike violently, flap ; clypeuin 
aliSj Verg. ; cauda pendeutern esoam, Ov. 



ev© 



200 



ex 



evergo, 3. Co send out, send forth ; nullos 
a]>crtos vivos, Liv. 

everric iilum -i, n. (everro), a fishing-net, 
drag-net ; tig., quod umquam huiuseemodi 
everriculum ulla in proviucia fuit (with a 
pun on the name of VeiTes), Cic. ; everriculum 
malitiaruui omnium, judicium de dolo main, 
Cic. 

everro -verri •versuui, 8. (to sweep out); 
transf., to plunder; quod famim uon eversum 
atquc cxtersum reliqueris (with a pun on the 
name of Verres), Cic. 

everslo -Suis, f. (cverto), 1, an overturning ; 

columnae, Cic; 2, transf., a destruction, ruin; 
vitac, Cic. ; patriae, rerum publicarum cversi- 
ones, Cic. 

eversor -oris, m. (cverto), un overt timer, 
destroyer; civitatis, Cic. 
everto -verti -vereuin, 3. I. A. to overturn, 

throw down; 1, lit., navem, Cic; arborem,Verg.; 
hence, of a city, to demolish, raze to the ground; 
Caithaginem, Cic. ; 2, transf., to overthrow, 
destroy; funditus civitates, Cic. ; constitntam 
philosophiam, Cic; aliquem, to ruin politically, 
Cic B. to ei-pel or eject from one's property; 
aliquem bonis, Cic. ; perfidum fortunis patriis, 
Cic. II. to raise up; aequora veutis, Vcrg. 

evestlgatus -a -um, tracked out, discovered; 
ingeuiis evestigata priorum, Ov. 

Evias, v. Euhias. 

evidens -entis, adj. (ex and video), 1, visible; 
niensura quaedam, Cic; 2, transf., clear, plain, 
evident; res, Cic; evidentior causa victoriae, 
Liv.; quid est evidentius? Cic. 

evidentSr, adv. (evidens), visibly, mani- 
festly; evidenter praeniterc, Liv. 

cvldentla -ae, f. (evidens), distinctness of 
language, Cic. 

evlgllo, 1. I. Intransit., to watch, be 
vigilant; in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogita- 
tiones meae? Cic. II. Transit., a, to watch 
through, ]niss in watching ; nox evigilanda, Tib.; 
b, to elaborate carefully; libros, Ov. ; consilia 
evigilata cogitationibus, Cic. 

evilesco -vilui, 3. to become vile, worthless, 
contemptible, Tac. 

evinclo -vinxi -vinetuni, 4. to bind, hind 
rnn nil ; diademate caput Tiriilatis evinxit, Tac. ; 
viridi evinctus oliva, Vcrg. 

evlnco -vici -victum, 3. to conquer entirely, 
utterly subdue. I. Lit., imbelles Aeduos, Tac; 
evicit omnia assuetus praedae miles, Liv. ; plat- 
anus caelebs evincet nlmos, will get the better 
of, drive unvy, Hor. ; oppositas gnrgite moles, 
to get jxist or through, Vcrg. II. Transf., A. 
Gen., a, to prevail upon a person; lacrimis, 
dolore, precibus evinci, Vcrg.; b, to conquer a 
passion or feeling ; evicit miseratin justa soci- 
orum superhiam ingenitam, Liv. B. a, to brirtg 
it about that ; with ut and the subj., suinma ope 
evicerunt, ut M. Furius Camillus crearetur, 
Liv.; b, to prove irresistibly; si puerilius his 
ratio esse evincet amare, Hor. 

eviro, 1. (ex and vir), to castrate, Cat. 

eviscSro, 1. (ex and visnus), to take out the 
lowels, eviscerate, tear in pieces; (columbam) 
peditms eviscerat uncis (of the hawk), Verg. ; 
cviscei-atum corpus patris, Cic 

evltabllis -e (evito), tluit can be avoided; 
tcluin, Ov. 

evito, 1. to avoid, shun ; suspicionem, Cic. 
Evius, v. Eubius. 

evdeator -oris, m. (rvoco), one, who calls to 
QTTUS; svyvrftTi cp c'jvj''"*! peuljtoripn, Cjc. 



evocatus -a -um (partic of cvoco) ; subst.. 
a veteran who hud served his time but was Habit 
to be called upon in an emergency, Caes. 

evoco, 1. to call out. I. Lit., A. Gen., ali- 
quem c curia, Liv.; mercatores undique ad se, 
Caes.; aliquem litteris, Cic. B. Esp., 1, rclig. 
t- t., a, to summon the si>irits nf the dead ; ali- 
quem ab inferis, Cic. ; b. to call forth a deity 
from a besieged and hostile city by promising a 
temple ut Rome ; evocare deos, Liv. ; 2, to sum- 
mon ; a, of magistrates, etc, aliquem ad sc, 
Cic; aliquem ad colloquium, Liv.; b, to sum- 
mon for military service ; legiones ex hiberuis, 
Caes.; c, to summon to a place of honour ; ali- 
quem ad cum hotiorcin, Cars.; 3, in u hostile 
manner, to cxdl upon the enemy to come out to 
fight; magna cum cootumelia vcrbortun uostros 
ad pugnam, Caes. II. Transf., a, alicuius 
familiam abjectam et obscurant teuebris in 
lucem, Cic. ; b, to call forth, produce ; miscri 
cordia tua nullius oratione evocata, Cic. 

evoe, v. euhoe. 

evolo, 1. I. to fiji out, fly away. A. Lit., 
ex quercu, Cic. B. Transf., to come forth 
quickly, rush forth, hasten 'amy; ex corporum 
vinculis tanquam e careere, Cic; c senatn, Cic; 
c conspectu, Cic; tig., ex alicuius severitate, c 
poena, to escape, Cic. II. to fly up ; concussisque 
levis peuuis sic evolat ales, Ov. 

evoltitlo -onis, f. (evolvo), the unrolling, and 
hence, reading of a book ; poetarum, Cic. 

evolvo -volvi -vSltttum, 3. I. A. Lit., to 
roll out, roll forth ; 1, per humum evolvi, Tac; 

2, of a river, se evolverc in mare, Verg. ; 3, lig., 
evolutus [Ilia integutuentis dissimulation^, un- 
masked, Cic B. Transf., 1, to extricate ; sc ex 
his turliis, Tac. ; 2, to deprive; illos ex praeda 
clandestine, make to disgorge, Liv.; 3, of news, 
evolvi, to spread ; ad aurea quoque niilitum dicta 
ferocia evolvebantur, Liv. II. t" roll apart, 
open, unwind. A. Lit., 1, gen., voluineii epi.s- 
tolarum, Cic; 2, a, of the fates, to spin ; fuses 
meos, Ov. ; b, to read, study; librum, Cic B. 
Transf., 1, to make clear, narrate; aliquid nc- 
curatius in litteris, Cic. ; 2, to find out; exitum 
criminis, Cic. ; 3, to think over, reflect upon ; 
haec sub antris, Verg. 

evomo -ui -I turn, 3. to vomit forth. A. Lit., 
conchas, Cic. B. Transf., a, to vomit forth, 
cast out; quae (urbs) tantam pestem evomuit 
forasque projecit, Cic; in quo til, accepts, et 
devorata pecunia, evomere non poteras, disgorge, 
Cic; b, of speech, in aliquem absentem oia- 
tionem ex ore impurissimo, Cic. 

evulgo, 1. to publish, make known; jus 
civile, Liv.; Octaviae injuries, Tac. 

evulslo -onis, f. (evcllo), a pidling out, 
plucking out ; dentis, Cic. 

ex, prep, with abl. (ef, e«), e before b, d, g, j, 

I, m, n, r, v, from or out of. 1. 1, In space, out 
°f, from ; exire ex urbe, e vita, Cic. ; luilites 
exco loco deducere, Cic; delabi ex equo, Liv. 
thus a, it follows verbs of taking, perceiving, 
questioning, and the like — e. g., suinere, per- 
cipere, accipere, auferre, colligere, quaerere, 
percunctari, discere, intelligere, etc. ; b, so the 
phrase, ex persona alicuius, under the. mask — i.e., 
in the character of any one ; ex sua persona, 
in one's own name, for oneself, Cic. ; 2, to 
denote position ; a, ex equo collnqui, Caes. ; qui 
nihil ex oeculto agendum putant, Cic; b, 
laborare ex pedibUB, to suffer in the feet, Cic. 

II. Of time, 1, since; ex eo tempore, Cic; es| ., 
CX quo, from which time, since, Liv. ; 2, on, al ; 
hunc judiccin ex Kal. .Inn. non liabebimus, Cic; 

3, after, immediately upon ; Cotta ex COJlsulatU 
est Prftfectus in Galliam, Cic. j aliud, e^ ajjo, one 



exa 



201 



exa 



after another, Cic. ; diem ex die, day after day, 
Cic. III. To denote origin, from, outof, of; 1 
a, quidam ex Arcadia hospes, Nep. ; virgines 
ex sacerdotio Vestae, of the priesthood of Vesta, 
Ter. ; b, of etymological derivation, urbem quam 
csuo nomine Romamjussit nominari, Cic. ; 2, 
to denote the whole out of which any part is 
taken, unus ex meis intiinis, Cic. ; e numero, of 
the number, Cic. ; hence, a, Q. Vettius Vettianus 
e Marsis, a Marsian, Cic. ; b, in place of the 
genit., to denote that to which anything belongs, 
imppes e barbaris navibus, Caes.; 3, to denote 
the material of which anything is made or com- 
pounded.pocula ex auro, Cic. ; so of the source 
from which anything is paid or gained ; largiri 
ex alieno, Liv. ; vivere e rapto, Ov. ; 4. to de- 
note the cause or occasion of anything, from, on 
account of, by reason of; ex eadem causa, Cic. ; 
Demetrius e doctrina clarus, Cic; esp. with 
conj. in the phrase, ex eo quod, ex eo quia, on 
that account, because, Cic. ; ex eo factum est 
quod, hence it came about that, Cic. ; ex quo, e 
quibus, on account of which, Cic. ; e vulnere 
mori, Liv.; 5, to denote a change from one con- 
dition or occupation to another, ex oratore 
arator factus, Cic. ; 6, according to, in accordance 
with ; ex edicto, Cic. ; ex decreto, Cic. ; ex 
foedere, Liv. ; ex re et ex tempore, according to 
time and circumstance, Cic. ; esp. a, ex mea, tua 
re, for my, thy advantage, Cic. ; e republica, for 
the benefit of the republic, Cic. ; ex usu esse, to be 
■useful, Cic. ; b, ex animo, heartily, earnestly, Cic. ; 
ex sententia, satisfactorily, Cic. ; 7, in regard to, 
with respect to; e ratione libertatis ; e nostra 
dignitate, Cic. IV. Adv. phrases, ex industria, 
designedly, Cic. ; e memoria, from memory, Cic. ; 
ex parte, in part, Cic; e vestigio, forthwith, 
Caes.; e regione, opposite to, Cic. ; ex inopinato, 
•unexpectedly, Cic. 

exacerbo, 1. to irritate, provoke, exasperate, 
embitter; contumeliis hostes, Liv. 

exaotlo -onis, f. (exigo), L a driving out, 
expulsion ; regain, Cic. II. 1, a demanding, exact- 
ing, collecting of debts, tribute, etc.; a, act., nomin- 
nm, Cic. ; capiturn, poll-tax, Cic. ; b, pass., that 
which is collected, income; exactio prior, Cic. ; 
2, management, direction ; operam publicoruin' 



exaotor -oris, m. (exigo), I. one who drives 
out, expels ; regain, Liv. II. 1, one who demands 
or exacts, a collector of taxes, Caes. ; 2, an in- 
spector, superintendent, overseer; qaum ipse im- 
perator et exactor ; circamiret, Liv. 

exaotus -a -am, p. adj. with compar. and 
saperl. (from exigo), accurate, precise, exact; 
naineras, Liv. 

exaciio -ai -utum, 3. to sharpen to a point, 
make sharp. A. Lit., furcas, Verg. ; fig., mu- 
cronem aliquein tribunieiam in nos, Cic. B. 
Transf., a, qaam animas exacuerit illam, at 
ocalorum, sic iugenii aciem, Cic. ; b, to excite, 
stir up, inflame; aliquem, Cic; animos in bella, 
Hor. ; ira exacui, Nep. 

exadversum or exadversiis, prep, with 
ace, opposite ; exadversus eum locum, Cic 

exaedif Icatlo -onis, f. (exaedifico), a build- 
ing up; rig., of an oration, ipsa autem exaedi- 
ficatio posita est in rebas et verbis, Cic 

exaedif loo, 1. tobuild, build up, erect, finish 
building; Capitoliam, Cic; domos et villas, 
•Sail.; lig., to finish; exaedificare id opus qaod 
lnstituisti, Cic. 

exaequatio -onis, f. (exaequo), a making 
eiyaal, equality, Liv. 

exaequo, 1. a, to place on a level, make 
equal; jara, Cic; facta dictis sunt exaeqaanda 
must be related in an adequate manner, Sail ; b 

I 9 



to compare; se cum aliquo, Cic. ; exaequarl alicuL 
Cic. ; c, to equal ; aliquem, Ov. 

exaestuo, 1. I. Int.ransit., to boil up, foam 
up; mare, Liv.; uiida iina verticibus, Verg. ; 
transf., mens exaestuat ira, Verg. II. Transit., 
to give forth; hos igitur tellas omnes exaestuat 
aestas, Lucr. ; . , . 

exaggeratlo -onis, f. (exnggero), elevation, 
exaltation; amplitudo et quasi quaedam exag- 
geratio quam altissima animi, Cic. 

exaggero, 1. to heap up. I. Gen., A. Lit., 
Plin. B. Transf., to raise, elevate; aniiuiw 
virtatibas exaggeratas, Cic II. to heap up', in- 
crease; 1, gen., rem familiarein, Cic. ; 2, esp., 
by words, to heighten, exalt, magnify ; bene- 
tlcium verbis, Cic. ; virtatem, Cic. 

exagltator -oris, m. (exagito), one who 
blames, a censurer ; omniam rhetorum, Cic. - 

exagito, 1. I. Lit., to drive anything from 
its position; a, of animals, to hunt, chase; et 
lepas hie aliis exagitatas erit, Ov. ; b, of winds, 
to raise; quam vis (ventl) exagitata foras eramp- 
ltar, Lucr. II. Transf., 1, to harass, disquiet, 
disturb, persecute; exagitati istius iujariis, Cic. ; 
ab Saebis complurcs aimos exagitati bello 
premebantar, Caes.; qaos ilia qaaestio ex- 
agitabat, Sail.; 2, to scold, blame, reproach, 
censure, criticise ; aliqaem, Cic. ; omnes eias 
fraades, Cic; to disapprove of; qui hanc dicendi 
exercitationein exagitarent atqae contemnerent, 
Cic. ; 3, to excite, irritate; plebem, Sail. ; maer- 
orem, Cic. 

exalbesco -bfti, 3. to grow white, turn pale 
with fright, Cic. 

examen -Inis, n. (for exagimen, from ex and 
ago). I. a swarm. A. Lit., of bees, Cic; of 
wasps, Liv. B. Transf., a throng, crmud, shoal; 
servoram, Cic. II. A. the tongue of a balance, 
Verg. B. Transf., testing, consideration, investi- 
gation; exaniina legum servare, to apply, Ov. 

examino, 1. (examen), to weigh. A. Lit., 
ad certuin pondas, Caes.; non aar'iilcis statera, 
sed qaadam populari trutina exaininari, Cic. 
B. Transf., to weigh, consider; a, diligenter 
verborum omnium pondera, Cic; with abl 
haec ineis ponderibns, Cic. ; b, of jadges, male 
veram examinat omnis corruptus judex, Hor. 

ex amussim, according to the square or rule, 
exactly, accurately, Plant. 

exanclo, 1. to exhaust, empty. A. Lit., vinmr. 
pocalo, Plaat. B. Transf., to bear to the end, 
suffer, endure; labores, Cic. 

exanimatio -onis, f. (exanimo), fright, 
terror, Cic. 

exanimis -e and gen. exanlmus -a -am 
(ex and anima), 1, lifeless, dead, ; Verg., Liv. ; v 
2, lifeless, senseless with terror, Verg. 

exanimo, 1. (ex and anima or animas). I. 

to deprive of breath. A. 1, lit., duplici cur's'u 

exanimari, Caes.; milites cursu exanimati. 

breathless, Caes. ; 2, transf., to make breathless 

with fear, to stun ; te metus exanimat, Cic. B. 

to deprive of life, kill; 1, lit., aliqaem, Cic ; 2, 

transf., to exhaust, weaken; aliqaem qaerelis, 

Hor. II. to breathe out ; nolo verba exiliter 

exanimata exire, Cic 

exantlo = exanclo (q.v.). 

exaptUS -a -am, fastened, attached, Lacr. 

exardesco -arsi -arsam, 3. X. Lit, 1, to 

take fire, findle, totrn up; nulla materia tarn 

facilis ad exardescendam est quae etc., Cic ; 

2, to become hot, to glow; aetherioqae receris' 

exarsit sidere limus, Ov. II. Transf., 1, of 

persons, to be violently excited., be inflamed ; ira- 

candia ac stomaclio, Cic. ; ad spem libertatis, 

Cic. ; of love, to burn ; imis tota exarsit medallis, 



exa 



202 



exc 



Cat; 2, of things, to break out; exarsit bellum, 
Cic. 

exaresco -arui, 3. to dry, become quite dry. 
A. Lit., exarescunt a nines, Cic. ; fontes, Caes. ; 
laerimae, Cic. B. Fig., to dry up, become ex- 
hausted ; exaruit facultas orationis, Cic; vides 
eniin exaruisse jam veterem nrbanitatem, Cic. 

exarmo, 1. to disarm, deprive, of arms; 
cohortes, Tac 

exaro, 1. I. toplmigh up, dig up: puerum, 
Cie. "IX. to gain by ploughing; plus .qnain 
decern meditnua ex agro, Cic. . III. M plough; 

a, lit., Van-.; b, transf., frontein rugis, Hor. ; 
C, meton., to- write or note on waxen-, tablets ; 
exaravi nd te harem exemplum in codicillis, Cic. 

exaspero, 1. to make rough. A. Lit., a, 
Plin.; b, of the sea, to make stormy; exaspcrato 
fluctibus man, Liv. B. Transf., a, to make 
savage; duratl tot nialis exasperatique, Liv.; 

b, to irritate, excite ; animos, Liv. 
exauctoro, 3. to dismiss from military ser- 
vice, discliarge; aliquem, Liv. ; se exatietorare, 
to leave the service, Liv. 

exaudio, 4. I. to hear plainly *\ maxima 
voce, ut oinnes exaudire possint, dico, Cic. ; non 
exaudito tubae sono, Caes. II. to hear favour- 
ably, listen to; a, aliquid, to listen to prayers; 
vota precesque, Verg. ; b, aliquem, to obey; 
monitor non exauditus, Hor. 

exaugeo, 2. to increase exceedingly; radiorum 
ictum, Lucr. 

exaugiiratio -onis, f. (exauguro), a profan- 
ing, desecrating; sae.ellorum exaugnrationes, Liv. 

exauguro, 1. to desecrate, profane: fana, Liv. 

exoaeco, 1. to make blind. A. Lit., aliquem, 
Cic. B. Transf., to stop a river or channel; 
flumina, Ov. 

excandescentla -ae, f. (excandesco), heat, 
irascibility, Cic. 

. excandesco -dui, 3. to become, hot with 
passion, to glow, bum; absol., id postquam 
nesciit, excanduit, ap. Cie. ; with abstractions, 
risi ira excanduerit fortitudo, Cic. 

excanto, 1. to charm out, bring forth by in- 
cantations ; sidera excantata voce Thessalii, Hor. 

excarnifico, 1. to tear to pieces; aliquem, 
Cic. 

exeavo, 1. to hollow out, excavate; ex una 
gemma praegrandi trulla excavata, Cic. 

exoedo -cessi -cessum, ,8. I. Intransit., 
A, to go out, go away, go from; 1, lit., via, Liv. ; 
oppido, Caes. ; urbe, Cic. ; ex proelio, proelio, 
Caes. ; 2, transf., a, ex ephebis, e pueris, to pass 
out of the age of boyhood, Cic; c nienioria, to pass 
out of memory, Liv.;'e vita or simply vita, to die, 
Cic; excedere palma, to resign the prise, Verg.; 
b, to digress; paullum ad eimrranduin quam 
etc., Liv. B. to go beyond, exceed; 1, lit., ut 
nulla (pars) excederet ultra, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, 
to attain to; eo laud is excedere quo, etc., Tac. ; 
b, to result in, turn to; ne in altercationem ex- 
cederet res, Liv. ; c, to j>«ss beyond ; qunm li- 
bertas non ultra vocem excessisset, Liv. ; d, of 
events, to happen; inseqnentia excedunt in eum 
annum, etc., Liv. II. Transit., A. Gen., to 
leave; curiam, urbem, Liv. B. to pass beyond ; 
modum, Liv.; tempus flnitum, Liv. 

excellens -entis, p. adj. with conipar. and 
superl. (excello), high, lofty, excellent, distin- 
guished, remarkable; Brutus excellens onini 
genere laudis, Cic. ; excellens pulchritudo miriie- 
bris formae, Cic. ;. una excellentissima virtus, 
justitia, Cic. II ,;n 

cxcellenter, adv. (excellens), excellently; 
quae magno amnio fortlter excellenterque gesta 
Bunt, Cic. 



excellentia -ae, f. (excellens), excellence, 
distinguished merit ; animi exeellentia magiii- 
tudoque, Cic. ; absol., propter excellentiamj pre- 
eminently, Cic. 

excello (excelleo), 3. to excel, be. distin- 
guished, bi' eminent ; ilhul excellitregium noinen, 
Cic; with a bl, animi magnitudine, Cic ; with 
in and the alii,, in qua parte excello ipse, Cic. ; 
with inter, inter. quos posset exceUere, Cic. ; 
with praeter, in eo genere praeter'ceterqs, Cic. ; 
with super, quia super ceteros excellat, Liv.; 
with dat. (of person excelled), ita tigmatnin esse 
corpus ut excellat ceteris, Cic; in quibus tvf- 
longe aliis excellis, Cic. 

excelse, adv. with coinpar. and superl, 
(excelsus), loftily ; dicere, in a lofty'slyle, Cic. 

excelsitas -atis, f. (excelsus), height; transf., 
animi, elevation, Cic. 

excelsus -a -urn, p. adj. with eolripar. and 
superl. (excello), lofty, high, elevated. A. Lit., 
mons, Caes.; locus, Cic. Subst,, excelsum 
-i, n. a lofty place or situation, Cic. B. Transf, 
elevated above the common; 1, of position, dis- 
tinguished, eminent, illustrious ; in excelso et 
illustri loco site laus tua, Cic ; subst., ex- 
celsum -i, n. high dignity, lofty position ; a, 
sing., in excelso vitem agere, Sail.; b, plur., 
excelsa et alta sperare, high honours, Liv.; 2, 
of the mind, dignified, elevated ; magnus homo 
et excelsus, Cic; animus excelsus, Cic; 3, of 
the style of a writer or speaker, lofty, elevated; 
orator grandior et quodammodo excelsior, Cic. 

exceptlO -onis, f. (excipio), 1, an exception, 
restriction, limitation ; cum exceptione, Gin.; 
sine exceptione, Cic. ; quodsi exceptioneni facit 
ne, etc., Cic; 2, an exception, to the plaintiff's 
statement of a' case tendered by the defendant ; 
exceptioneni alicni dare, Cic; exceptione ex- 
cludi, Cic. 

excepto, 1. (intens. of excipio), to take out, 
catch up; 1, barbatulos inullos de piscina, Cic; 
singulos, Caes. ; 2, auras', to snuff up, Verg. 

excerno -crevi -cretum, 3. to separate, sift, 
sort ; Saguntinos ex captornm numero, Liv. ; 
haedi exereti, separated from their mothers, Verg. 

excerpo -cerpsi -cerptrim, 3. (ex and carpo), 
to j)icfc out. I. Lit., semina pomis, Hor. ,11. 
Transf., A. to gather out, choose; excerpere ex 
malis si quid inesset'boni, Cic. ; excerpere nom- 
ina omnium ex.juniorum tabulis, Liv. B. toput 
on one side, separate ; de numero, Cic. ; se numero 
illoruin, Hor. 

excessus -us, m. (excedo), departure, from 
life, death; vitae, Cic; e vita, Cic; absol., laeti 
excessu principes, Tac. 

excetra -ae, f. a snake, Cic. poet.; transf., a 
spiteful woman, Liv. 

excidium -ii, n. (exclndo = exscindo); de- 
struction, annihilation ; a, of places, Libyae, 
Verg. ; excidia urbium rehctarnm, Liv. ; b, of 
persons, excidiuin meorum, Verg. ; legionum, 
Tac. » 

1. excldo -cldi, 3. (ex and cado), to Jail out, 
fall down. I. Lit., A. Gen., sol excidisse mihi 
e mundo videtnr, Cic. ; gladii de nianibus ex- 
ciderunt; poet., vinclis excides, escape, Verg. 
B. Esp., 1, of a lot, to fall out; ut cuiusquc 
sors exciderat, Liv.; 2, to fall out, be. lost; lit- 
teras excidisse in via, Cic II. Transf., A. 
Gen., ut quodammodo victoria e inanihus ex- 
cideret, slipped out, Cic; in vitium libertae ex- 
cidit, Hor. B. Esp., 1, to slip out unawares, 
escape; verbuni ex ore alicuius or alicni, Cic; 
libellus me imprudente et invito excidit, Cic ; 
2, to vanish, disappear, pass away; a, vultus, 
oratio, mens denique excidit, Cic. ; excidit ilia 
lnetu, lost consciousness, Ov. ; b, esp., to past 



exe 



203 



away from memory or thought, be forgotten ; Car- 
thaginem excidisse de memoria, Liv rcmen 
tuuin mm excidit, Ov.; cogitatio lnih: non 
excidit, Cic. ; 3, to fail ; magnis excidit ausis, 

2. excldc -cidi -cisum, 3. (ex and jaedo), to 
nit out. I. Lit., A. Gen., lapides e terra, Cic. ; 
arbor excisa, non evulsa, Cic. B. Esp., a, to 
hew out, excavate; saxnm, Cic; b, to destroy 
of places, portas, /urce open, Caes. ; domos, Cic ; 
of persons,- to annihilate; Sugambros, Tac. II. 
Transf., to root out,- banish ; illud tristissimum 
tempns ex anno, Cic; causas bellorum, Tac. 

excieo -clvi -cltum, 2. and (gen.) excio 
•civi and -ch -citam, 4. to call forth, summon out. 

1. Oi persons, A. Lit., 1, gen., ea res ab statMs 
excivit Mettium, Liv. ; artifices e Graecia, Liv. ; 
annnas imi.s sepulcris, Verg. ; 2, esp., to sum- 
mon to help; Romanos ad auxilium urbis ob- 
sessae, Liv. ; auxilia e Gerraania, Tac. B. 
Transf., 1, to provoke; hostem ad dimicandum 
acie, Liv.; 2, with or without somno or esomno, 
to arouse, awake, Liv., Sail. ; 3, to frighten, 
alarm; conscientia lnentem excitam vastabat, 
Sail. II. Of things, 1, to call forth, excite, pro- 
duce; tumnltum in portis, Liv. ; timorem, Liv.; 

2, to shake; pulsuque pedum t remit exeita 
• tellus, \erg. 

excipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ex and capio). I. 

to take out. A. Lit., aliquem e mari, Cic. B. 
Transf., a, to except; hosce homines excipio et 
secerno Cic ; excipere aliquem or excipi, foil. 
by ue, Cic; non excipi quominus, Cic. ; b to 
make a condition, state expressly; lex exciperet 
nt, etc., Cic. II. to take up, catch up. A. Of 
things, 1, sanguinem patera, Cic; 2, to catch 
vp. by listening, to listen, overhear, Cic. ; 3 a to 
remve; vulnera, Cic; b, to undertake; labores 
inagnos, Cic; c, to suffer, endure; omnem diu 
colluctam vim improborum, Cic. B. Of per- 
sons, 1, to catch; nioribundum, Liv.; se pedibns 
or m ]iedes, to spring to the ground, Liv. ; 2 to 
cafcfc(in a hostile manner); a, lit., servos' in 
pabulatione, Caes. ; b, transf., to snatch at ; vol- 
untates hominnm, Cic. III. to receive. A. Lit., 
1, excipi ab omnibus clamore, Cic. ; 2, to enter- 
tain; aliquem, Cic; 3, of places, illam (patriam) 
ubi excepti moras, Cic; 4, to attack; a. Orestes 
exeipit lncautnm, Verg. ; b, to wound; aliquem 
in latus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to hear, receive; 
motus futures, Verg. ; assensu populi excepta 
vox, Liv.; 2, to await; qui qnosque eventus 
exciperent, Caes. ; 3, to follow, succeed; ora- 
tionem Tulln exeeperunt preces multitudes 
Liv.; Heiculis vitam immortalitas exeipit Cic ■ 
hunc exeipit Labienus, spealcs next, Caes. ; 4 to 
continue, prolong ; memoriam viri, Cic. ; 5 poet 
to he towards; porticus exeipit Arcton, Hor. 

excisio -onis(excido), destruction; tectorum 
Cic. ; urbium, Cic. ' 

excitatus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (from excito), lively, animated, vigorous, 
loud ; soims, Cic ; clamor, Liv. 

excito, 1. I. to rouse forth. A. Of living 
creatures, 1, feras, Cic; 2, to call forth by 
shouting, to summon; clamore excitatum presid- 
ium Romanorum, Liv. ; aliquem a mortuis or 

' , ..u'ri"*' ClC " B ' Transf - of m »S*, alicui 
emonain caram, to renew, Cic. II. to rouse 

. 1(li ,h;,!t P ers ? ns . 1» a, lit., universi rursus 
lirooulerimt, tandem excitati curia excesserunt, 
..',',•„; ;' tr . a,lsf -> i *° console, raise up; animum 
aimcijacentein Cic ; afflictos, Cic. ; 2, to sum- 
mon ; tmrios. Liv. ; recitatores, lectores, Cic. ; 
vcsies, Lie. ; j y a> to arouse from sleep; aliquem 
esomno or somno, Cic; b, to arouse animate ; 
trepido mintio excitatus, Liv. ; aliquem ad lab- 
or™ et laudem, Cic B. Of things, 1, to raise, 



exc 



erect; tutt*^ Caes.; sepulcrum, Cic. ; transf. 
excitatafortuna,/at. «rafe, Cic ; 2, of a fire 
tokindU, inflame ; ignem, Caes. ; mcendW 
,V,n" 'n-' a >' P rov °}e, produce, call forth; plans- 
um, Cic; fletum alicui, Cic; b, to provoke 
muse; amores, Cic; indomitas iras, Verg. 

exclamatio -onis, f. (exclamo), in rhet., an 

exclamation, Cic. ' 

exclamo, l. I.hitrauxiL;toshout,crualoud- 
in stadio cursores exclamant quain maxime pos- 
sum, Cic; contiones saepe. exclamare vidi, 
quum apte verba oonoidissent,Cie. II. Transit 
1, to shout out, call aloud by name ; Ciceronem' 
ap. Cic; 2, to shout out; nilii libet exclam- 
are ; pro Deum, etc, Cic ; witl objective clause, 
quum magna voce exclamasset .it, etc., Liv. 

excludo -clusi -clusum, (ex ind claudo), 3. 
I. to shut out, exclude. A. Lit., a, of persons, 
aliquem a domo sua, Cic. ; aliquem moenibus 
Cic ; ejicere nos magnum fait, excludere facile 
Cic; b, of a place, to cut off, separate; locum, 

* B * transf., a, to exclude; ab hereditate 
paterna, Cic; hispraemiis et honoribus, Cic : 
D, to remove; aliquem a republica, Cic. ; c to 
prevent, hinder; Romanos ab re frunventarfa 
shut off, Caes. II. of birds, to hatch; pullos 
suos in nido, Cic. 

exclusio -dnis, f. (excludo), a shutting out 
exclusion, Ter. . "' 

excogitatio -onis, f. (6xcogito),acon«riiu,i<7, 
devising; ilia vis quae tandem est, quae in vestigat 
occulta, quae mraitio atque excogitatio dicitur 
Cic ' 

excogito, 1. to scheme, devise, contrive, in- 
vent ; linia quaedam genera furandi, Cic ; with 
dat. of gerund, or ad witli ace (to express the 
object of the invention), alia tuendis urbibus 
excogitata Cic; excogitare multa ad avaritiam, 
Cues. ; with rulat, sentence, excogitat, sane acute 
quid decern.it, Cic; absol., ad haec igitur cogita, 
mi Attice, vel potius excogita, Cic. 

excolo -cOlui -cultnm. 3. A. Lit., to tend or 
cultmde carefully; arva, Mart. ; lanas rudes, to 

S V V B * ^ nsf - a > i0 ad0 ™> P°^K en- 
noble refine; Tuditanus oinni vita atque vWu 

S^,S" : a "i""^doctrin a , Cic ; vitam per 
»=t ™- J, PJ g> 5. ?' t0 serve > honour; quaequetu, 
est pietas, ut te non excolat ipsum, Ov. 

excoquo -coxi -coctura, 3. to boil down ; 1 
to melt down, refine ; vitium metallis, Ov. ; omne 
per ignes vitium, Verg. ; 2, to bake, make hard; 
tcrram sol excoquifc, Lucr. •■ 

excors -cordis (ex and cor), foolish, silly, 
without intelligence; anus, Cic. ; hoc qui non 
videt, excors est, Hor. 

excrementum -i, n. (excerno), excrement : 
oris, spittle, Tac. ; narium, Tac. 

excresco -crevi -cretum, 3. to grow up 
spring up; in hos artus, in haec corpora,' quae 
miramur, excrescunt, Tac 

excretus -a -urn, partic. of excerno or of 
excresco. 

excriiclabilis -e (excrucio), deserving or 
torture, Plaut. 

excrticio, 1. to torture, torment trceedingh/. 
A. Lit., servos fame vinculisque, Caes.; excrii- 
ciare aliquem vinculis ac verberibus atoue oinni 
suppheio, Cic B. Transf., a, of physical pain, 
fumo excruciatus, Cic; b, of mental torture! 
meae me miseriae magis excruciant quam tuao. 
Cic. ' 

exciibiae -arum, f. (excubo). A* Lit,, a 

o' 1 !"? watcll -< keeping guard; o excubias tuas • 

o nebiles vigilins, Cic; excubias ogcre alioui, to 

keep watch over, Tac ; of animal*, e.xoubiae 

vigiluin caiiuni, Hor.; poet., excubiae divuw 



6X0 



204 



6X6 



fleternae, rte everlasting fire, Verg. B. Meton., 
the persons who keep watch, watchmen, guard, 
Cfc. 

excubltor -oris, m. (excubo) a sentinel, 
watchman, guard, Caes. ; of birds, excubitor ales, 
the cock, Verg. 

excubo -bili -bitum, 1, to Ke, or sleep owt of 
doors. L Gen., in agris, Cic Ii. to stand sen- 
tinel, keep watch. A, Lit., in armis.Caes. ; pro 
castris, Caes. ; ad portum, Caes. B. Transf., 
a, Cupido excubat in genis, Hor. ; b, to be 
watchful, vigilant; excubabo vigilaboque pro 
vobis, Cic. 

exoudo -cudi' -cusum, 3. I. A. Lit., to 

strike out; scinrillam siliei, Verg. B. Trausf., 
to hatch ; pullos ex ovis, Cic. II. to make ready 
by striking. A. to hammer, forge ; spirantia 
mollius aera, Verg. ; of bee9, to mould ; recentes 
ceras, Verg. B. Transf., to compose (of writing), 
aliquid, Cic. 

cxculco, 1. (ex and calco), to trample firm, 
tread hard, stamp firm ; singuli ab infimo solo 
pedes terra exculcabantur, Cic. 

excurro -cficurri and -curri -cursum, 3. I. 
to run out, hasten forth. A. Gen., 1, lit., ex- 
ourrat aliquis (sc. domo), Cic. ; 2, transf., 
quorum animi Bpretis corporibus evolant atque 
excurrunt foras, Cic. ; campus in quo excunere 
virtus possit, show itself, Cic. B. Esp. 1, milit. 
t.t., to attack, make a sortie; omnibus portis, 
Liv. ; ex Africa, Cic. ; 2, transf., to make a di- 
gression; longius, Cic. II. of places, to run out, 
to project; promontorium in altum excuiTens, 
Liv. ; productiora alia et quasi immoderatius 
excurrentia, Cic. 

encurslo -onis, f. (excurro), 1, o stepping 
orward (of an orator), excursio moderata eaque 
rare, Cic. ; 2, an attack, assault, sally ; excursi- 
oneni facere ex oppido, Caes. ; excursiones et 
latrocinla hostiuin, Cic. ; flg., prima excursio 
orationis, Cic. 

excursor -oris, m. (excnrro), a scout, skir- 
misher, Cic. 

excursus -us, m. (excurro), 1, a running 
_:- ih ; excursusque breves tentaut (of bees), 
*Verg. ; 2, milit. t.t., an attack, sally, assault; 
excursus militum, Caes. 

exousabllls -e (excuso), excusable, deserving 
of excuse; delicti pars, Ov. 

exousatio -onis (excuso). I. an excuse ; 1, 
gen., with subject, genit., Pompeii, Cic. ; with 
object, genit., peccati, Cic. ; exc.usationem ex- 
cipere, Cic. ; stultitia excusationem non habet, 
finds no excuse, Cic. ; excusationem probare, Cic. ; 
justa et idonea uti excusatione intermissionis 
litt«ranim, Cic; plur., grounds of excuse; nullae 
istae excusationes sunt, Cic. ; 2, esp., refusal, 
declining; excusatio Serv. Sulpicii legationis, 
Cic. II. plea, defence ; excusationem oculorum 
accipere, Cic. ; excusatione uti temporis or vale- 
tudinis, to allege in excuse, Cic. 

excuso, 1. (ex and causa). I. to excuse; se 
apud aliquem or se alieui, Cic. ; se de aliqua re, 
Caes. ; tarditatcm litterarum, Cic. ; excusare 
aliquem or se quod, etc., Cic. ; si I.ysiades excu- 
setur Areopagites esse, is excused on the ground 
that he is etc., Cic. II. to allege in excuse, to 
plead; 1, morbum, Cic; valctudinem, aetatem, 
Liv. ; 2, to decline ; reflex., se excusare or pass., 
excnsari with abl., to- be excused from, relieved 
from a duty, etc, Tac. 

excilSSUS -a .urn, partic. of excutio. 

excutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (ex and quatio). 
T. to shake out, strike out, throw out, drive out. A* 
Gen., 1, lit., ancoram e nave, Liv.; litteras in 
teTam, Cic. ; 2, transf., to remove, drive away ; 
instrun de corde, Ov. ; »licuius voces, to pay no 



■more heed to, Verg. B. Esp., 1, to tear a-Way 1 
agiuun ore lupi, Ov. ; transf., studia de mani- 
bus, C.c; 2, a, of weapons, to shoot ; glandcm. 
Liv. ; •: „ to throw (of a horse, etc.), cquus ex- 
cussil ccuitem, Liv.; c, to d rive away ; aliquem 
patriii, \crg. ; 3, to press wit ; sudorem, Nep. ; 
transf., risuiu, to force, IJor. ; 4, to destroy, 
make void; foedus, Verg. ; 5, somno excuti, to 
be disturbed from sleep, Verg. ; G, to spread out ; 
brachia, Ov. II, to shake violently. A. eaesar- 
iem, Ov. B. 1, to search, examine (by shaking a 
person's garments), non excutio te, si quid forte 
ferri habuisti, Cic; 2, to test, examine, weigh; 
omtifs eorum delicias, omnes ineptias, Cic. 

exec ... v. exsec 

exedo -edi -esum, 3. to eat wp, devour, 
consume. I. Lit., Plaut. II, to consume, destroy, 
e9p. of the action of time, rust, etc. ; a, lit., 
exesis posteriorlbus partibus versiculorum, Cic. ; 
b, transf., of the mind, to wear away, eat into, 
exhaust; aegritudo exest animum, Cic. 

exedra -ae, f. (efv'Spa), a room, or hall for 
conversation or debate, Cic 

exedrium -ii, n. (i£e$piov), a sitting-room, 
Cic. 

exemplar -aris, n. (exemplare -is, n., 
Lucr.). I. A. a coji.y, trajxscript, Cic. B. a pat- 
tern, model, exemplar, example, Cic II. animage, 
likeness, Cic. 

exemplar's -e (exemplum), serving as a 
copy. Subst., exemplares, copies; omnium 
litteravuru, Tac. 

exemplum -ii, n. (for exempuluin, rom 
eximo, ong. something chosen from a -number of 
the same kind). I. something similar ; l,aenj>y, 
transcript; Caesaris litterarum exemplum tibi 
inisi, Cic. ; 2, manner, fashion ; quaestionom 
liaberi eodem exeniplo quo M. Pomponins praetor 
habttisset, Liv. II. something to be imitated. 
A. Artistically, an original, pattern ; in mutuiu 
simulacrum ab animali exeniplo transfertur, 
Cic. B. Morally, 1, a copy, mode! ; exemplum 
innocentiae, pudficitiae, Cic. ; exemplum eupeie 
or petere ab aliquo, Cic. ; 2, an example to be 
imitated or avoided; aliquid aliorum exemplo 
institutoque facere, Cic. ; plus exeniplo quam 
peccato nocent, Cic. ; 3, a warning and deter- 
ring example, exemplary punishment ; exemplum 
severitatis edere, Cic. ; exemplum statuere in 
aliquem or in aliquo, Cic III. that which 
illustrates or explains, instance, exavple, proof; 
magna exenipJa casuum liumanorum, liv. ; ex- 
empli causa, or gratia, or in exemplum, for 
example, Cic. 

exemptus a -um, partic of eximo. 

exeo -ii (-iv») -Itum, 4. I. Intransit., to go 
out, go away, go forth. A. Lit., 1, ex urbe, Cic; 
ali urbe, Liv.; de triclinio, Cic; domo, Cic- ; 2, 
of things, a, of lots, quuin de consularibus niea 
prima sors exisset, Cic. ; b, to spring up, sprout 
forth ; de stamine panipinus exit, Ov. ; c. to 
rise in the air, ascend; cunibus auras in aetfier- 
ias, Verg. B. Transf., 1, gen., de or e vita, to ate, 
Cic; e patriciis, to lose one's rank as a patrician, 
Cic. ; exisse ex or de potestate (mentis), to lose 
control over oneself, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to come out 
of; aere alieno, Cic; b, to become known ; exit 
oratio, Cic. ; c, of time, to come to an end, pass 
away; quinto anno exeunte, Cic. II. Transit., 
1, to pass over, beyond; Avemas valles, Ov. ; 
transf., mod urn, Ov. ; 2, to ward off; vim viribus, 
Verg. 

exoq ... v. ex-seq . . . 

exerceo -i"ii -itum, 2. (ex and ARC-eo), to work 
thoroughly, fatigue, weary. I. Lit., a, equos 
aequore carnpi, to exercise, Verg. ; irulomitas 
qualis undas exercet Auster, Hor. ; b, to occupy, 



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205 



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employ the limbs in work; assiduis brachia telis, 
Ov. ; c, of slaves, animals, etc., to employ in 
vork; iamulas ad lumina longo penso, Verg. ; 
d, to work hard at ; solum presso sub vomere, to 
cultivate diligently, Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen., 
to harass, trouble; meos casus in quibus me 
fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic. ; exerceri 
poenis, Verg. B. to occupy in some activity, to 
exercise, practise; a, of the body, hoc vocem et 
vires suas, Cic. ; milit. t. t., to exercise in arms, 
drill ; copias, Caes. ; reflex., se exercere and 
middle exerceri, to practise, exercise; of athletes, 
sc in curriculo, Cic; b, of the mind, memoriam, 
Cic. ; adolescentes ad copiam rhetoruin, Cic. ; 
reflex., se exercere, or middle, exerceri, to prac- 
tise; se quotidiauis commentationibus acerrime, 
Cic. C. to make use o/an instrument or weapon, 
to employ, use ; 1, gen., a, arma, Verg. ; diem, to 
do one's day's work, Verg. ; b, of politics, to use, 
practise; facilitatem et lenitudmem animi in 
aliquo, Cic. ; graves inimicitias cum aliquo, Sail. ; 
libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. ; 2, esp., 
a, of land, to cidtivate ; praedia rustica, Liv. ; 
of mines, to work; metalla auri atque argenti, 
Liv.; b, to practise an art, etc., medicinam, Cic; 
C, legal t. t., (a) to preside over, to conduct; qui 
exercet judicium, Cic. ; quaestionem in ter sicarios, 
Cic; (0) vectigalia, to manage, Cic ; (y) to bring a 
law into execution; legem confestius exerceri, Liv. 

exercitatio -onis, f. (exercito), practise, ex- 
ercise ; a, of the body, corpora nostra motu 
atque exercitatioue recalescunt, Cic ; b, of the 
mind, with genit., dicendi, Cic. ; juris civilis, 
Cic. ;~Cj practice; virtutis, scelerum, Cic. 

exercitatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl. (from exercito), 1, busied; agris 
subigeudis, Cic. ; 2, practised, exercised ; a, of 
the body, homines in annis exercitati, Cic. ; 
exercitatus in uxoribus necandis, Cic. ; b, of 
the mind, in arithmeticis satis exercitatus, Cic. 
II. troubled, harassed ; Syrtes exereitatae Noto, 
Hor. ; curis agitatus et exercitatus animus, Cic. 

exercitium -ii, n. (exerceo), practice, exer- 
cise; equitum, Tac. 

exercito, 1. (intens. of exerceo), to practise, 
Varr. 

1. exercitus -a -um, p. adj. (exerceo), 1, 
trained, schooled ; militii, bello, Tac. ; 2, severe, 
vexatious, Tac; 3, tried, harassed, Cic. 

2. exerdtUS -us, m. (exerceo), a, a trained 
body of soldiers, army; exercitus terrestris,- 
navalis, Liv. ; ducere exercitum, Cic. ; con- 
scribere, Cic. ; parare or comparare, Cic. ; con- 
iicere, Cic. ; cogere, Caes. ; repente conflare, 
Cic. ; paucis diebus facere, Cic. ; accipere, Cic. ; 
exercitus alere, Cic. ; exercitum ex castris educ- 
ere, Caes. ; exercitum exponere, put on ship, 
Caes.; esp., the infantry; exercitus equitatus- 
que, Caes., Liv. ; his omnibus diebus exercitum 
castris continuit, equestri proelio quotidie cou- 
tendit, Caes.; b, poet., crowd, swarm; corv- 
orum, Verg. 

exesor -oris, m. (exedo), one who gnaws or 
eats away, Lucr. 

exhalatlo -onis, f. (exhalo), an exhalation, 
ixipour ; exhalationes terrae, Cic. 

exhalo, 1. I. Transit., to exhale, emit vapour, 
a ? of things, uebulam, Verg. ; odores, Lucr. ; b, 
ot persons, vitam, Verg. ; animam, Ov.; crapulam 
or vinum, Cic. II. Intransit., to breathe forth, 
Ov. 

exhaurfo -hausi -haustum, 4. I. to draw 
out. A. 1, of fluids, sentinam, Cic; 2, gen., 
to take out ; terrain manibus, Caes. ; omuem 
pecuniam ex aerario, Cic. B. Transf., to take 
away; partem ex tuis 'audibus, Cic. II. to empty 
out. A. Jjit., fossas cloacasque, Liv, ; puteos, 



poculum, vinum, to empty by drinking, Cic.; 
aerarium, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to exhaust, im- 
poverish; facultates patriae, Cic; homines, Cic.; 
2, to weaken, exhaust ; sermo hoininum ex- 
haustus est, Cic. ; 3, to bring to an end, com- 
plete; mamlata, Cic; 4, to endure, suffer; 
labores, Liv. 

exheredo, 1. (exheres), to disinherit; ali- 
quem, Cic 

exheres -edis, disinherited; with genit., 
paternoruni bonorum exheres, Cic. 

exhibe o -hibiii -hibitum, 2. (ex and habco). 
I. Gen., a, to produce, bring forth; esp., to pro- 
duce iua court of justice ; pupillum, fratres, Cic. ; 
to produce for proof, etc, exhibe librarium illud 
legtlin vestrarum, Cic. ; b, to luind over, deliver; 
omnia alicui intcgra, Cic. II. 1, to shoiv, 
display, exhibit; a, dea formam removit auilem 
Palladaquc exhibuit, Ov. ; b, i>opulo Romano 
philosophiam, set forth, present, Cic. ; 2, to 
make, to cause; alicui ncgotium, to cause trouble, 
Cic. ; so alicui molestiam, Cic. ; 3, to grant, 
allow; toros, Ov. ; exhibe liberam contionem 
vel Argis vel Lacedaemone, Liv. 

exhfiaro, 1. to make cheerful ; miraris tarn 
exhilaratain esse servitutem nostram, Cic 

exhorresco -horrui, 3. I. Intransit., to 
shudder exceedingly, be terrified ; aequoris instar, 
Ov. ; metu, Cic. ; in aliquo, Cic II. Transit, 
to tremble at, to dread; vultus, Verg. 

exhortatlo -onis, f. (exhortor), exhortation, 
encouragement ; ducum, Tac. 

exhortor, 1. dep., to exhort, encourage; 
natum, Verg.; foil, by ut and the subj., Tac. 

exlgo -egi -actum, 3. (ex and ago). L to 
drive out, drive away. A. Lit., 1, of living 
beings, reges ex civitate, Cic. ; servam e nioii- 
tibus, Liv. ; 2, of things, a, sacer admissas 
exigit Hebrus aquas, pours into tlie sea, Ov.; b, 
agrorum fructus, to sell, Liv. B. Transf., otium, 
to banish, Hor. II. to drive in, to thrust; enscm 
per juvenem, Verg. III. to complete, finish; 
a, monumentum aere pereunius, Hor. ; opus, 
Ov.; b, of time, to spend, pass; exacto per 
scelera die, Tac; to complete, bring to an end; 
exactis mensibus, Verg. ; exacta aetate, at live 
end of life, Cic. IV. to exact, demand. A. Lit., 

a, of money, pecuuias, Cic ; vectigalia, Cic. ; 

b, of work, aedes privates velnt publicum opus, 
superintend the execution of, Liv. ; esp., (a.) to 
require the building or making of something; 
viam, Cic ; (fi) to make a requisition or demand 
for something ; equitum peditumque certum 
numerum a civitatibus, Caes. B. Trausf., to 
demand, require; jusjurandum, Liv.; veritatem 
a teste, Cic. ; promissuin ab aliquo, Cic V. to 
measure, weigh, examine. A. Lit., columnas 
ad perpendiculum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ad illain 
summain veritatem legitimum jus, Cic. ; 2, to 
consider, reflect upon ; tempus secum ipsa opus- 
que exigit, Verg. ; non satis exactum quid again, 
not certain, Cic. 

exlgiie.adv. (exiguus), 1, sparingly, scantily, 
scarcely ; frumentum exigue dieiaim xxx habere, 
Caes. ; nimis exigue et exiliter ad calculos re- 
vocare amicitiam, too narrowly, Cic. ; 2, briefly; 
exigue scripta est (epistola), Cic 

exigultas -atis, f. (exiguus), 1, of space, 
smallness ; castroruni, Caes. ; 2, of number, 
paucity; copiarum, Cic; 3, of time, shortness; 
ut teniporis exiguitas postulabat, Caes. 

exlgilus -a -um (exigo), small, little, scanty. 
I. Of quantity, A. Of space, simiII, little ; castra, 
Caes.; pars terrae, Cic; ueut. subst, exlgti- 
um -i, n. smallness ; spatii, Liv. B. Of number, 
scanty, small ; Humerus oiatorum, Cic C. Of 
time, short, scanty; vita, Cic. II. Of quality, 



exi 



206 



eso 



1, thin, meagre; corims, Nep. ; 2, sparing, 
scanty; toga, Hor. ; laus, Cio. ; 3, of strength, 
weak ; vires, Verg. ; vox, Ov. 

exilis -e (for exiglis, from exigo), little, thin, 
slender, meagre, poor; 1, of number, legiones, 
weak, not of their proper number, Cic. ; 2, of 
quality, a, thin, slender, meagre; cor, Cic.; 
femur, Hor. ; b, of discourse, meagre, dry ; 
genus sermonis, Cic. ; c, poor, insignificant, 
scanty; solum, Cic; doimis, Hor. 

exilitas -atis, f. (exilis), thinness, meagre- 
ness, weakness ; in dicendo, Cic. 

exiliter, adv. (oxilis), thinly, poorly, med- 
grely ; a, sparingly, parsimoniously ; nimis ex- 
igue et exiliter ad caleulos revocare amicitium, 
Cic; b, uninterestingly; annates Bane exiliter 
descripn. Cic; c, of strength, weakly; nolo 
vorba exiliter exanimata exire, Cic 

eximle, adv. (eximius), uncommonly, extra- 
ordinarily, extremely; diligcre, Cic; tern plum 
cxijnie ornaturn, Liv. 

eximius -a -um (eximo). I. excepted; tu 
unus eximius eo, in quo hoc praeeipuum ac 
singulars valeat, Liv. ; te illi unum eximium 
cui consuleret fuisse, Cic. II. exceptional, dis- 
tinguished, extraordinary, uncommon ; facics, in- 
genium, spes, Cic; ironic, istac vestrae eximiae 
pulchraeque virtutes, Cic. 

eximo -end -emptum, 3. (ex and eino), to 
take out, tuke away. I. Lit., unam spinani de 
pluribus, Hor.; aliquid tamquam e vincnlis 
alicuius rei, Cic. II. Transf., to tuke away; 

1, a, aliquid ex rerum natura, Cic; unum diem 
ex mense, Cic. ; moram certaminis hosti, Liv. ; 
b, of time, to deity, procrastinate, waste; diem 
dicendo, Cic. ; c, of persons, aliquem ex or de 
rei's, Cic; 2, to take away from some, evil; a, 
aliquid de, to free from ; agrum de vectigalibusj 
Cic; b, aliquid alicui, to take something away 
from; alicui curas, Ov. ; c, of persons, aliquem 
ex with the abl., or with the abl. alone, to free 
from; aliquem ex culpa, Cic; aliquem alicui 
rei, to take away from; aliquem vitae, Tac. ; 
Syracusas in libertatem, to free, Liv. ; d, to ex- 
>*l t ; aliquem, Cic. 

exin = exinde (q.v.). 

cxinanio -ivi -itum, 4. to empty; navem, 
Cic. ; agros, gentes, to plunder, Cic. 
• exinde (exin), adv. I. Of place, from there, 
thence, thereupon, next; mari finitimus aer, Cic. 
II. Of time, 1, thereupon, after that, then, Cic. ; 

2, in the enumeration of a series of fa,cts, then, 
next, Verg., Liv. 

existimatio -6ms, f. (existimo). I. the 
opinion, l that a man has of a thing or person, 
judgment; non militis tie impemtore existima- 
tionem esse, Liv. II. the opinion that other 
persons have of a man, esp. morally, reputation, 
good name, honour, character; bona, integra, 
magna, Cic. ; alicuius existimationem oft'endere 
or oppugnare, Cic ; venisse in earn existimat- 
ionem, Cic. 

existimator -oris, m. (existimo), one who 
forms or gives on opinion, a critic, Cic. 

existimo (exaestumo, existumo), i. 

to judge a thing according to its value. I. to con- 
tider, hold, regard, estecm,deem; with predic ace, 
existumare aliquem avarum, Cic ; aliquem sap- 
ientem et appellare et existumare, Cic ; in pass., 
homo, ut existimabatur, avarns et furax ; with 
in and the abl., in hostium numero existimari, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. to think, be of opinion, hold ; 
with ace. and infin., non possum existiuiare plut, 
quemquam a se ipso qnam me a te amari, Cic. ; 
Africano vim attuhsse existimatus est, Cic; 
With pronoun ace. quod ego nullo inodo exo- 



timo ; iinpers., ita intelligimus vulgo existi- 
mari, Cic B. to judge, decide, ]mss judgment ; 
esp. of critical .judgment on literary works, 
with de and the abl., de scriptoribus, qui 
noudtun ediderunt, existimare non possumus, 
Cic; bene or male de aliquo, Cic; with rei. 
sent., existimari non potest, vix existimari 
potest utrum . . . an, etc, Caes., Liv.; absol. 
partic. subst., existimantes -ium, m. tin- 
critics, Cic 

exitiabilis -e (exitium), deadly, destructive; 
bellum, Cic ; tyrannus, Liv. 

cxitialis -e (exitium), destructive, fatal, 
deadly ; exitus, Cic ; donum Mincrvae, Verg. 

exitiosus -a -win, adj. with compar. ami 
super!, (exitium), destructive, fatal, deadly ; con- 
juratio, Cic. ; exitiosum esse reipublicae, Cic. 

exitium -li, n. (exeo, lit., a going out or 
away), destruction, ruin ; 1, lit., huius urbis, 
Cic. ; exitio esse alicui, to be fatal to, Cic -f omnia 
exitia publica, Cic ; 2, meton., the cause of de- 
struction, Hor. 

exitus -us, m. (exeo), a going out, a going 
forth. I. A. Lit., reditum mihi gloriosum in- 
juria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosuin, Cic. ; 
onmi exitu etpabulatione. interclusi, Caes. ; with 
ab, ne exitus inclusis ab urbe esset, Liv. E. 
| Meton., a place' of going out, exit ; quod (posticuni) 
I v.i'vium maximi atque occult issimi exitus erat, 
Liv. II. Transf., A. Gen., quae plurimos exitus 
dant ad eiusmodi digressionem, opportunities for 
digression, Cic B. Esp., 1, the end; adducta 
ad exitum quaestio est, Cic. ; hie fuit exitus 
oppugnationis, Caes. ; tristes exitus habeic, Cic. ; 
esp., a, of a tragedy, the catastrophe; ut tiagici 
poctae, qumn explicare arguimiiti exitum non 
potest is, Cic; b, theeudoflife; humamis, Cic. ; 
2, the result, consequence ; disceptatio sine exitu 
fuit, Liv. ; 3, issue, result ; evciitns atque exitus 
rerum, Cic ; exitus futuri temporis, Hor. 

exlcx -legis, lawless, bound by no law; cx^ 
legem esse SuUam, Cic. 
cxmoveo = emoveo (q.v.). 

exodium -ii, n. (*' jdSior), a cdmii afterpiece, 
Liv., Juv. 

exolesco -levi -letum, 3. I. to grow to full 
size; only in pert', partic, exoletus, I'laut. II. 
to pass kiwi/ from use, be out of date, obsolete; ne 
vetustissima Italiae disciplina perdesidiam exu- 
lesceret, Tac. ; exoletuin jam vetustate odium, 
Liv. 

exoletus -a -um, partic of exolesco. 

exonero, 1. A.'Lit., to unload, disbunlen ; 
a, Plant. ; plenas colos, to spin off, Ov. ; b, to 
remove, send away; multitudinem in proximas 
t "as. Tac B. Transf., to free, release, relieve; 
civitatem metu, Liv.; regtium praegravaute 
niultitudine, Liv. 

exoptatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl.(exopto), desired, wished for ; nuutius, 
Cic. ; nihil exoptatius adventu meo, Cic ; exop- 
tatissima gratulatio, Cic. 

exopto, 1. to desire eagerly, earnestly wish 
for; cxopt.ire ea maxime, Cic; Samnitium ad- 
ventum, Liv. ; tibi pestem exoptant, wish ?/"», 
Cic ; with intin., Cic. ; with ut and the subj., Cic. 

exorabilis -e, adj. with compar. (exoro), 
easily entreated, placable, Cic, Hor. 

,-xordior -orsus sum, 4. dep., 1. to l"i a 
warp, b'gin to weave; fig., pertexe quod exorcus 
es, Cic. ; 2, to begin; bellum ab causa tam ne- 
fanda, Liv. ; without ace, of orators, to begin ; 
ab ipsa re, Cic; with infin., dicer?, Cic. Partic. 
subi-t., oxoraa -orum, n. thz beginning, Cic. 
y>idiurn -n, n. Cexordior). 1, the «,arp 



exo 



207 



exp 



of a web, Quint. ; 2, a, the beginning ; vitae, 
Cic; plur., revocare exordia prima pugnae,Verg. ; 
b, esp., the beginning of a speech; in dicendi ex- 
ordio pernio veri, Cic. ; as a part of a speech, the 
introduction, Cic. 

exorlor -ortus sum -oriri, dep. 3. and 4. L 
to rise, rise up. A. Lit., oinnes exorti, sprang 
up, Liv. ; esp. of the sun, moon, and stars; post 
solstitium Canicula exoritur, Cic. B. Transf., 

1, to appear, step forward, make one's appearance ; 
repentinus Sulla nobis exoritur, Cic. ; exortus 
est servus, us an, accuser, Cic. ; of abstractions, 
exoritur Antipatri ratio ex altera parte, Cic. ; 

2, to rise upfront a misfortune, breathe again; ego 
nunc paulum exorior, Cic. II. to arise, proceed, 
take rise. A. exoritur ingeus per litora flatus, 
Verg. B. Transf., 1. exoritur fania alicuius rei 
or de aliqua re; with accus. and intin., Lucr. ; 
2, to proceed from; honestuui quod ex virtutibus 
exoritur, Cic. 

exornatlo -Snis, f. (exorno), adorning, orna- 
ment. A. Lit., Cic. B. embellishment of a speech, 
Cic. 

exornator -oris, m. (exorno), one wlio 
adorns, an embellislier ; ceteri non exornatores 
reruui, sed tautummodo narratores fuerunt, Cic. 

exorno, 1. to furnish with, provide plenti- 
fully, 1, viciuitatem armis, Sail. ; 2, to orna- 
ment, adorn; a, lit., domuin, Cic; triclinium, 
Cic. ; b, transf., Cic. ; Graeciam praestantissi- 
mis artibus, Cic. ; philosophiam falsa gloria ; of 
speech, orationem, Cic. 

exdro, 1. I. to entreat earnestly, obtain by 
entreaty, prevail upon; exora supplies prcce deos, 
Ov. ; exorare pacem divum, Verg. ; with ut and 
the subj., denique exoravit tyraunum ut abire 
liceret, Cic. II. to propitiate, move; cannina 
exorant deos, Ov. ; exorare aliquem or exorari 
foil, byutor ne and the subj., Cic. ; non exo- 
rari by quin, Cic. ; absol., viri non esse neque 
exorari neque placari, Cic. 

1. exorsus -a -urn, partic. of exordior. 

2. exorsus -iis, in. (exordior), a beginning; 
orationis meae, Cic. 

exos -ossis, without bones, Lucr.' 

exosculor, 1., dep., to kiss fretpxently ; ali- 
cuius nianuni, Tac. 

exosso, 1. (exos), to bone, take out the bones, 
Ter. ; exossatum pectus, boneless, flexible, Lucr. 

exostra -ae, f. (<! juJo-Tp&), atheatrical machine, 
by which the inside of a house was revealed to the 
spectators, Cic. 

exosus -a -um (ex and odi), hating exceed- 
ingly; exosus Trojanos, Verg.; templa oculos 
exosa viriles, Ov. 

cxoticus -a -tun (e jumjeds), foreign, outland- 
ish, exotic, Plaut. 

expallesco -lili, 3. to become very pale, to 
grow white; toto ore, Ov. ; poet., with ace, 
Pindarici fontis haustus, to dread, Hor. 

expando -pausi -pansum and -passum, 3. to 
stretch out, expand, spread out. A. Lit., expassao 
ilelubri fores, opened, Tac. B. Transf., to ex- 
plain; rerum naturam dictis, Lucr. 

expatro, 1. to squander, Cat. 

expaveaco -pavi, 3. to be exceedingly terri- 
fied; ad id, Liv.; with ace, ensem, to dread 
exceedingly, Hor. 

expedlo -ivi and -li -ftum, 4. (ex and pes). 
I. to disengage, dUentangle, set free. A. Lit., se 
ex laqueo, Cic. B. Transf., to free, help out, 
bring off; se ab omni occupatione, Cig. ; a, 
Claudias minus per acuta belli, lead successfully, 
Eir. ; j^culxua traiio Uaem^'j throw, Hor. ; b, 
to day^rcn., se&le, execute; negotia, Cic. : fein 



frumentariam, Caes. ; c, to explain, show; cm- 
neni expediat morbi causam, Verg. ; priusquam 
huiusmodi rei iuitium expediam, Sail. ; ea de re 
quam verissime expediam, Tac. II. A. to 
bring forth, provide ; 1, lit., virgas, Cic. ; Cer- 
erein canistris, Verg. ; 2, transf., a, milit. 1. 1., to 
make ready ; naves or classeni, Caes. ; se ad 
pugnani, Liv. ; b, to find out, discover; alicui 
vicariuni, Liv. B. res expedit, or impels, ex- 
pedit, it is expedient, useful, advantageous ; non 
quominus expediat quidquam Caesariad diuturn- 
itatem dominationis, Cic. ; with ace. and intin. 
or the intin. simply, omnibus bonis expedit 
salvam esse rempublicam, Cic. ; with ut and the 
subj., Tac. 

expedite, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(expeditus), 1, quickly; expeditius navigare. 
Cic; 2, without difjiculty, easily; explicare, Cic. 

expeditlO -5uis, f. (expedlo), an undertak- 
ing against an enemy, expedition; inilites ex 
hibernis in expeditionem evocare, Sail.; milites 
equitesque in expeditionem mittere, Caes. ; in 
expeditionem exercitum educere, Cic. 

expeditus -a -um, p. adj. (from expedio). 
I. unimpeded, unshackled; a, lightly clad ; Clo- 
dius, Cic. ; jaculatores, Liv. ; hence, subst., 
expeditus -i, m. a light-armed foot-soldier, 
Caes. ; expediti, not burdened with baggage, Liv. ; 

b, without obstacles, easy; via, Liv. ; locus, Caes. ; 

c, not hindered by obstacles, easy, quick; ad 
suos receptus, Caes. ; expedite et facile cuirens 
oratio, Cic. ; d, not hindered by business, free ; 
ut expeditus in Galliam proticisci posset, Cic ; 
e ? ready, prepared; expeditus homo et paratus, 
Cic. ; ad dicendum, Cic. ; of soldiers, ready for 
fight; copiae, Caes.; copias in expedito habere 
ad, etc., Liv. II. disentangled ; a, put in order, 
settled; negotia, Cic; b, decisive; Victoria, 
Caes. 

expello -piili -pulsum, 3. to drive out, away. 
I. Of animals, pecus porta Esquilina, Liv. II; 
1, to drive away, expel, throw away; a, lit., 
geuis oculos, to tear, Ov. ; b, transf., naturam 
furca, Hor. ; 2, to drive forth, thrust forth; a, 
lit., ab litore. naves in altum, Liv. ; sagittem 
arcu, Ov. ; aliquem aethere toto, Ov. ; (a) esp. 
milit. t.t., to drive out ; aliquem ex oppido, Caes.; 
Romanos castris, Caes.; (j3) to' drive out of a 
house or country, to banish; aliquem domo sua, 
Cic. ; patria, Cic. ; ex urbe, Cic. ; aliquem bonis, 
from one's property, Cic. ; to drive out kings, 
tyrants, etc., aliquem regno, Cic ; (v)esp., to di- 
vorce; filiam ex matriinonio, Cic; b, transf., 
(a) aliquem vita, to bring about a person's death, 
Cic. ; (jS) to drive away, banish; omnem dubita- 
tionem, Caes. ; somnum or quietem, Verg. • . 

expendo -pendi -pensum, 3. to weigh. I. 
A. Lit., ut jam expendantur non numerentur 
pecuniae, Cic. B. Transf., to weigh, examine, 
test; expendere atque aestimare voluptates, Cic. ; 
testem, Cic II. to weigh out, pay out money, 
to pay. A. Lit, auri pondo centum, Cic. ; esp., 
ferre alicui expensum, to put down in, one's ac- 
count book a payment to some one else, Cic. B. 
Transf, to pay ; poenas scelerum, Verg. 

expergefacio -feci -factum, 3. to woke up, 
I. Lit., Suet. II. Transf., to rouse, excite: sc, 
Cic. 

expergiscor -perrectus sum, 8. dep.. to 
awake, wake up, rise from sleep. A. Lit., si dor- 
mis, expergiscere, Cic. B. Transf., to awake, 
rouse oneself; experrecta nobilitas, Cic. 

experiens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and 
super! (from experior), acting industrious, en- 
terprising, experienced in; proinptus homo 6t 
experiens, Cic ; with gexut., experiens Uboruro, 
Ov- 

eseperientja -as, f. (expfcrtor), J, mal, «*- 



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208 



exp 



ptrinunt; with genit, patrimonii amplificandi, 
Cic. ; 2, the knowledge gained by experiment, ex- 
perience ; muUarum rerum experientia cognitus, 
Tac. 

expSrimentum -i, n. (experior), trial, 
exjieriment ; hoc maximum est experiraentum, 
Cic. ; Metelloexperimentis cognitum crat genus 
Numiilaruin perfidum esse, Sail. 

exporter -pertus sum, 4. dep. (ex and root 
PER, whence com perio or-perior, peritus, peri- 
culuin). I. A. to try, test, prove, put to the ted; 

I, gen., alicuius amorem, Cic. ; vim veneni in 
servo, Cic; amicos, Cic. ;,2, esp., to try in a 
hostile manner, to measure, one's strength with 
another; a, in battle, si iterum experiri veliul, 
iterum paratum esse decertare, Caes. ; b, in a 
court of law, to litigate; cum aliquo, Cic. B. 
to try the success of something, to risk, hazard, 
make a trial of; 1, gen., experiri id nolent quod 
Re assequi posse difHdant, Cic. ; rei even turn 
experiri, Caes.; ultima audere atque experiri, 
Liv.; with ut and the snhj., experiar certe ut 
hinc avolem, Cic. ; 2, esp., experiri jus, to go to 
law, Cic: ; experiri judicium populi Romani, to 
leave it to the decision of the Roman people, Liv. 

II. to experience, find, or know by experience ; 
1, omnia quae dico expertus in nobis, Cic. ; 
with predic. ace, deos constantes inimic.os, Ov. ; 
with ace. and infill., jam antea expertus sum 
parum ridei iniseris esse, Sail. ; equidem in me 
ipso saepissime experior, ut exalbescam in prin- 
cipio dicendi, Cic. ; with relat. sent., experiri 
libet quantum audeatis, Liv. ; de me experior, J 
experience it in myself, Cic. ; 2, to experience 
something unpleasant ; nondum alteram fortunam 
expertus, Liv. (pass., libertatisdulcedine nondum 
experts, Liv.). 

experrectus -a -urn, partic. of expergiscor. 

cxpers -pertis(ex and pars). A. having no 
part in, not sharing in; with genit, pcriculorum, 
publici consilii, Cic. B. Transf., wanting in, 
destitute of; with genit, omnis eruditionis, Cic. ; 
viri, without a husband, Ov. ; with abl., fama 
atque fortunis, Sail. 

expertus -a um, p. adj. with conipar. and 
Kupcrl. (from experior), thai which has been often 
tested, tried, approved ; exercitus, Liv. ; with 
genit, expertus belli, Verg., Tac. ; with abl., 
expertus tribuniciis certaimnibus, Liv. 

expe'tendus -a -um, p. adj. (expeto), to be 
desired, desirable; gloriam expetendam putare, 
Cic. 

expStesao, 3. (expeto), to desire, rvish for, 
Plaut 

expStO -Ivi -itum, 3. I. Transit., to desire, 
wish, or long for ; vitain alicuius, Cic. ; nuxilium 
ab aliquo, Cic. ; with infill.', vincere i 11 i expetunt, 
Cic. ; with ace. and Infin., nostrain gloriam tua 
virtu te augeri cxneto, Cic; with lit and the 
r.ulij., Tac. ; of things, mare medium terrae 
locum expetens, encroaching on, Cic. II. In- 
transit., to fall upon, bcfidl; ut in eum oiiines 
expetant huiusce clades belli, Liv. 

explatfo -onis, f. (expio), atonement, expia- 
tion ; scelerum, Cic. . 

cxpilatio -onis, f. (expilo), a plundering, 
robbing; sociorum, Cic. 

expilator -Oris, m. (expilo), a plunderer, 
robber, Cic. 

expilo, 1. to plunder, rob; aerariuni, Cic 
explngo -pinxi -picturu,S. to paint, describe, 
depict in writing, Cic. 

expio, 1. I. to propitiate, appease. A. 
poenis manes mortuorum, Cic B. to avert an 
omen, or sign of the wrath of the gods ; prodigium, 
Liv. II. A. to purify ; forum a sceleris vesti- 
giis, Cic. ; religionem aediuin suaruni, Cic. B. 



to atone for ; 1, lit, scelus supplicio, Cic. ; tua 
seelera dii in uostros milites expiaverunt, have 
avenged on our soldiers, Cic. ; 2, transf., to atone 
for, make amends for ; incoinmodum virtute, Cats. 
explscor, l, dep., to jish out; transf., to 
search out, find out ; omnia ab aliquo, Cic. 

explanate, adv. with compar. (explanatus), 

clearly, plainly, Cic. 

explanatio -onis, f. (explano), 1, gen., a 
making clear, explanation ; naturae, Cic; 2, esp., 
a, interpretation ; portentorum, Cic. ; b, rhct. 

t.t, illustration, Cic. 

explanator -oris, m. (explano), one who 
explains, an npretcr, expositor; oraculoruin 
et valicinationuui, Cic. 

explanatus -a -um, p. adj. (from explano), 
clear, plain; vocuin impressio, Cic. 

explano, 1. (ex and planus), to explain, ex- 
pound, make clear: 1, illetibi omnia explanabit, 
Cic; 2, a, to interpret ; carmen, Liv.; b, to set 
forth, state; de cuius hominis moribus pauca 
prius explananda sunt, Sail. 

explaudo = explodo (q.v.). 

explSo -plevi -pietum, 2. to fill, fill vp, complete 
by filling. I. Lit, paludcm cratibus atque aggerc, 
Caes.; rimas, Cic. II. Transf., l,grn., sonten- 
tias mollioribus numeris, Cic; 2, esp., a, to 
amount, to, make up; aurum quod summaill ta- 
lenti Attici expleret, Liv.; milit. t.t., triuni mil- 
limn numerum, Liv.; b, to fulfil, discharge; 
munus, Cic. ; c, to satisfy, quench, appease; sitim, 
Cic. ; vereor nc non scribendo te expleam, Cic. ; 
with genit, aninium ultricis Mammae, Cic. ; d, 
to make good; ea dautna, Liv. ; e, to fill up, com- 
plete the number of ; centurias, tribus, Liv.; legi- 
ones, Caes.; f, to complete, perfect; vitam bc- 
atam cumulate, Cic. ; g, of time, to complete, 
finish ; expletum anuum habeto. Cic. 

explecio -onis, f. (cxpleo), satisfying; na- 
turae, Cic. 

expletus-a -um,p. adj. (from cxpleo), perfect, 
complete ; expletus omnibus suis partibus, Cic. 

explicate, adv. (explicatus),;>7cz»!7y, clearly, 
Cic. 

explicatio -onis, f. (explico). A. an un- 
folding, uncoiling ; rudentis, Ci«. B. Transf., 
explanation, exposition, interpretation ; in disser- 
endomira explicatio, Cic. ; explicatio iabulaium, 
Cic. 

expllcator -oris, m. (explico), an expounder, 
interpreter, explainer ; rerum explicate* prudens, 
Cic. 

1. explleatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl. (explico). I. ordered, arranged; 
pro vincia qnam maxima apta explicataque, Cic 
II. plain, clear; litterae tuae, quibus nihil 
potest esse explicatius, Cic 

2. expllcatus -us, ill. (explico), explanation, 
exposition ; difliciles habere explicatus, Cic. 

explldtus -a -um, p. adj. (from explico), 
straightforward, easy ; ex duobus consiliis pro- 
positus explicitius videbatur llerdam reverti, 
Caes. 

explico -avi -atum, and (not in Cicero) -ill 
•Itum, 1. to unfold, unroll, disentangle. I. Lit, 
A. volumen, Cic. ; suas pennas, Ov. ; I'rontem, to 
unwrinlic, Hor. B. to spread out, extend, ex- 
pand; forum laxare et usque ad atrium Liber- 
tatis explicare, Cic. ; Capua pianissimo in loco 
explicate, Cic. ; esp. as milit. t.t, to extend the 
ranks, deploy ; agmen, aciem, ordines, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, explica atque excute intelligen- 
tiani tuam, Cic. ; 2, to provide, arrange; rem 
frumentariam, Caes.; 3, to set free; numquam 
laborant, queni ad inodnin se probent, sed quern 
ad uioduin se expliceut dicendu, Cic,; 4, (* 



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209 



exp 



accomplish, execute, bring about; rationes meas, 
accounts, Cic ; alicuius negotia, Cic. ; mandata, 
Cic. ; of a debt, to pay off; somen, Cic ; 5, to 
explain in discourse, expound, interpret; causas 
reruin, Cic. ; with relat. sent., explicare breviter 
quae milii sit ratio et causa cum Caesarc, Cic. ; 
absol., explicare, de rerum natura, Cic, ; 6, to 
discover, find out; ut explicarem quid optimum 
esset factu, Cic. 

explodo (explaudo) -plosi -plosum, 3. I. 
to drive off with a noise, Sen. II. to hiss a player 
off the stage; histrionem exsibilare et explodere, 
Cic; transf., to reject, disapprove; sententiam, 
Cic. 

explorate, adv. with compar. (exploratus), 
certainly, surely, definitely; ad te explorate 
soribo, Cic 

exploratlo -onis, f. (exploio), an exploring, 
investigation; occulta, Tac 

explorator -oris, in. (exploio), one who in- 
vestigates, an explorer, scout, spy, Caes. 

exploratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
and superl. (exploro), established, confirmed, cer- 
tain, sure; spes, Cic. ; victoria, Caes. ; de quo 
milii exploratuiii est, / am convinced, am sure, 
foil, by ace and inlin., Cic. 

exploro, 1. I. to seek out, search out, in- 
vestigate, explore. A. Africam, Cic. B. Esp. 1, 
inilit. t. fc., to gain intelligence, spy out, recon- 
noitre; hostium iter, Caes. ; in abl. absol., explo- 
rato or explorato ante, after intelligence had been 
gained, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to search out, ex- 
amine, investigate ; rem totam, Cic. ; b, to spy 
out for something; fugam domini, Cic II. to 
test, try, put to proof; explorat robora fuiuus, 
Verg. ; epulas, cibos potusque, Tac. 

exploslo -onis, f. (explodo), a hissing off 
the stage, ap. Cic. 

expolio -ivi -itum, 4. to smooth, polish, to 
polish, refine; Dioueru Plato doctrinis omnibus 
expolivit, Cic. ; partes non eadem ratioue, Cic 

expolitio -onis, f. (expolio), a smoothing, 
polishing. A. Lit., urbana, of a town-house, Cic. 
B. Transf., of discourse, polishing, embellishing ; 
inventi artiftciosa, Cic 

expolitus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
superl. (expolio), 1, smooth, polished; deus ex- 
politior, Cat. ; 2, polished, refined; vir omni 
vita eacultus atque expolitus, Cic 

expono -p6siii -pSsItum, 3. to put out', place 
out, set out. I. Lit., A. Gen., scalas, put up, 
Verg. ; expositus, of places, lying towards, placed 
near; expositae prope in ipsis litoribus urbes, 
Liv. ; super exposta (— exposita) ponto, Verg. 
B. Esp., 1, to put on land; a, to throw on the 
land; os Orphei peregrinis arenis, Ov. ; b, 
naut. t.t., to land, disembark ; exponere frument- 
ura, Cic.; esp. of troops, milites navibus, Caes.; 
2, to expose openly; aliquid venditioni, Tac. ; 
esp. for show, vasa Samia, Cic. ; aliquem populo 
videnduin, Ov. ; copias in omnibus collibus, 
place openly, Caes. ; 3, to expose a child ; in 
proxima alllivie pueros, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to 
show, place before one ; praemia alicui, Cic ; per 
urbes benigue commeatus, Liv.; 2 f of discourse, 
to set forth, exhibit, explain; vitam alicuius 
totam, Cic. ; with rel. sent, (with qui, quid, 
quemadmodum, et«.), Cic. ; 3, to expose, leave 
■unprotected; mare nimiii propinquitaie ad per- 
icula classium externarum expositum, Liv. ; 
libertas exposita ad injurias Masinissae, Liv. 
(syncop. perf. partic, expostus (for expositus), 
Verg.) 

exporrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. to stretch out, 
expand, extend, Ter. 

exportatlo -onis, f. (exporto), exportation; 
earura rerum quibus abundaremus, Cic 



exporto, 1. to carry out. I. Gen., omnia 
signa ex fauis plaustris evecta exportataque, 
Cic. II. Esp., a, to export; aurum ex Italia 
quotaunis Hierosolyma, Cic; b, to banish, drive 
away ; portentum in ultimas terras export- 
auduin, Cic. 

exposco -pSposci, 3. I. to demand vehe- 
mently, entreat earnestly. A. Gen., siguuin 
proelii, Caes.; misericordiam, Cic; with iufiu., 
Verg., Tac; with ace and inlin., Verg. ; with ace. 
of pers. and subj., precibus exposcere plebem, 
uuum sibi civem donarent, Liv. ; absol., ex- 
poseentibus militibus, Caes. B. Esp., 1, to ask 
of the gods, to pray for ; vietoriam a diis, Caes. ; 
2, to demand the delivery of a person; aliquem 
ad poeuam, Tac. II. to demaiul, require ; nee 
opes exposcere magnas, Ov. 

expSsitio -onis, f. (expono), of discourse, 
a statement, setting forth, exposition, narration; 
expositio sententiae suae, Cic. ; plur., exposi- 
tiones rerum, Cic. 

expositus -a -um, p. adj. (from expono), 
exposed, open, accessible. A. Lit., of places, 
mollibus expositum Zephyris Lilybaeou, Ov. 

B. Transf., accessible ; doinus patens atque 
adeo exposita cupiditati et voluptatibus, Cic. 

C. vulgar, Juv. 

expostuiatlo -onis, f. (expostulo). I. a 
demand.; bonorum, Cic. II. complaint, expos- 
tulation; expostulationem facere, Cic; fuerunt 
nonnullae expostulationes cum abscnte Poul- 
peio, Cic 

expostulo, 1. I. to desire, demand ear- 
nestly. A. Gen., aliquid ab aliquo, Cic ; toy. 
by ut or ne and the subj., Tac ; by ace and 
infill., Tac B. to demand the delivery of a 
person; aliquem ad supplicium, Tac. II. to 
make a complaint, to expostulate ; cum aliquo de 
aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo aliquid or aliquem, 
concerning a thing or person, Cic; expostularc et 
queri, foil, by ace and inlin., Cic. 

expostus = expositus, v. expono. 

expotus = epotus (q.v.). 

expressus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(from exprimo). I. Of pronunciation, clear, 
distinct, Quint.; in a bad seuse, affected; lit- 
terae neque expressae neque oppressae, Cic. 

II. plain, evidmt, visible. A. Lit., litterae 
lituraeque expressae, Cic. B. Transf., expressa 
sceleris vestigia, Cic. 

exprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (ex and premo), 
to press out, force out. L A. Lit., 1, sucina solis 
radiis expressa, Tac. ; corporis poudere couisa 
tenuem jam spiritum expressit, Tac ; vestis ex- 
priiuens singulos artus, showing, Tac. ; 2, or 
pronunciation, to articulate distinctly ; exprim- 
ere litteras putidius, Cic. B. Transf., to ex- 
tort, wrest, squeeze out; nummos ab aliquo 
blanditiis, Cic. , expressi ut negaret, made him 
deny, Cic. II. to express, model, portray, repres- 
ent. A. Lit, expressi vultus per ahenea 
signa, Hor. B. 1, to express in words; a, de- 
scribe; mores alicuius oratione, Cic; with rel. 
sent., qui crebro dicat diligenter oportere ex- 
primi, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus, Cic. ; b, to 
translate; aliquid Latiue, Cic. ; verbum e verbo, 
Cic. ; ad verbum de Graecis, Cic , 2, to imitate, 
copy; alicuius vitam et consuetudinem, Cic. 

III. to raise up; quantum his quotidianus agger 
expresserat, Caes. 

exprdbratlo -6nis, f. (exprobro), reproach, 
upbraiding ; alicui veteris fortunae, Liv. 

exprobro, 1. (ex and probrum), to reproach, 
twit with, lay to the charge of; with ace, officia, 
Cic. ; ea (vitia) in adversariis, Cic. ; with ace. 
and dat., haec hosti, Liv. ; with dat. and de, 
with the abl., de uxore mihi exprobrare, Nep. ; 



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210 



exs 



With ace. and infin., exprobrare niliilo plus 
sanitatis in curia quani in foro esse, Liv. ; with 
quod and the subj., quasi exprobrare quod in vita 
maneam, Cic. ; absol., circumstabant urniati 
liostes exprobrantes eludentesque, Liv. 

expromo -proinpsi -promptmu; 3. in bring 
forth, produce. I. Lit., nnines apparatus sup- 
plied, Liv. II. Transi'., 1, to fetch out, idler; 
maestas voces, Verg.; 2, to exhibit, display ; a, 
crudelltatein suara in aliqtio, Cic. ; b, to pro- 
nounce, set forth, state; leges de religione, Cic; 
causas et ordinem belli, Liv.: with rel. sent., 
quanta vis sit (eius) eloquentiae exproiiiere, Cic. 

expromptus -a -uui, partic. of expromo. 

expugnabllis -e (expugno), that may be 
besieged or captured ; uvbs, Liv. 

expugnatio -Onis, t'. (expugno), the taking 
or capturing of any place by storm; urbis, Caes. ; 
plur., expugnationes m-biuin, Cic. 

expugnator -oris, in. (expugno), a taker, 
otpiurer ; urbis, Cic.; transf., puclicitiae, vio- 
lator, Cic. 

expugno, 1. to take, take by storm, capture, 
conquer, overcome. A. Lit., urbes, naves, Caes.; 
urbein obsidiouc, Caes. ; tyrannos eius, non 
ipsam urbein, Liv. ; of tilings, fames obsessos 
expugnavit, compelled to surrender, Liv. B. 
Transf., a, to overcome, subdue; aninium, Cic.; 
uertinaciam legatorum, Liv.; b, to destroy, vio- 
late; quaestiones, thwart, Liv. ; pudicitiam, 
violate, Cic; c, to force, compel; legationem, 
Cic ; with ut and the subj., bring it about that, 
etc., Cic; d, to accomplish ; coepta, Ov." 

expulsio -onis, f. (expello), a driving out, 
expulsion; Laeuatis, Cic; plur., expulsiones 
vicinorum, Cic. 

expulso, 1. (intens. of expello), to drive out, 
drive back, Mart. 

expulsor -oris, m. (expello), one who drives 
out or expels; iste homo acerrinms, bonorum 
possessor, expulsor, ereptor, Cic. 

cxpultrix -tricis, f. (expulsor), one who 

expels; philosophia cxpultrix vitiorum, Cic. 

expnngo -pnnxi -punctum, 3. to strike out, 
blot out, expunge, Plant. 

expurgatio -onis, f. (expurgo), a vindica- 
tion, justification, Platlt. 

expurgo, 1. to cleanse, purify. A. Lit., 
quae poterunt unquain satis expurgare cicutae, 
Hor. E. Transf., a, expurgandus est sermo, 
Cic; b, to justify, defend; dissimulandi causa 
autsni expurgaudi, Sail. 

cxpiito, 1. to comprehend, ap. Cic. 

exquaero = exquiro (q.v.). 

Exquillae -Brum — Esquilae (q.v.). 

exquiro -quisivi -quisltum, 3. (ex and quaero). 
I. to seek out; 1, a, lit., antiquam matrem, 
Verg.; iter per aliquem, Caes.; b, transf., veri- 
tatein, verum, Cic ; with rel. sent., quid in 
omni genere vifae optimum et verissimum sit 
exquirere, Cic; c, w ask, Inquire; exquirere 
palam pretia, Cic; a te nihil ccrti exquiro, Cic; 
ex aliquo causae alicuius rci, Cic ; with rel. 
sent., quid iis do quoque ofiicii genere placeat 
exquirere, Cic. ; partic. snbst., exquisita 
-onim," n. inquiries, Cic; 2, to choose, select; 
verba ad (according to) sonum, Cic II. to 
search through. A. Lit., vescendi causa niaii 
terraque omnia, Sail. B. to search, test; facta 
alicuius ad antiquae religionis ratidnem, Cic. 
III. to a?kfor; alicuius consilium, Cic. 

exquisite, adv. with enmpar. and superl. 
(exquisitus), accurately, carefully, admirably : de 
ed crimine accurate et exquisite disputsre < 

PXquieitUP -a -uin. p. adj. -viiT.h, conipar 



and Sliperl. (exquiro), 1, carefully sought, choice, 
exquisite, excclle t admirable; seuteutiae, Cic; 
exquisitius dicenui genus, Cic ; exquisrtissiinis 
verbis laudare, Cic; 2, artificial, far-fetched; 
munditia exquisita nimis, Cic 

exsacrif ICO, 1. to sacrifice, ap. Cic. 

exsacvio, 4. to rage to an end, cease to rage ; 
dnm reliquum teinpestutis exsaeviret, Liv. 

exsanguis -e, bloodless, without blood. I. 
Lit., umbrae, Verg. II. Transf., a, lifeless; 
corpora niortuorum, Cic. ; b, pale as a corpse., 
deathly pale, Cic. ; color, Sail. ; c, exlwnstetl, 
weak, Cic; of voice, speech, etc, Calvus exsan- 
guis et aridus, Tac ; d, act, making pale ; 
cumiiiuni, Hor. 

exsarcio -(s)arturus, 4. to patch up, make 
good, repair, Ten 

exsatio, 1. to satisfy thoroughly, satiate. 
A. Lit., vino ciboque, Liv. B. Transf., morte 
alicuius exsatiari, Liv. 

exsatiirabllis -e (exsaturo), that can be 
satiated ; non exsaturabile pectus, Verg. 

exsaturo. 1. to satisfy, satiate. A. Lit., 
belua exsaturanda visceribus nieis, Ov. B. 
Transf., eius cruciatu atque supplicio pascere 
oculos animumque exsaturare", Cic. 

exscendo = escendo (q.v.). 

exscensio = escensio (q.v.). 

exscensus = escensus (q.v.). 

exscindo -scidi -scissum, to destroy vlterly, 
rase to the ground; Numantiam, Cic; of per- 
sons, to destroy ; hosteni, Tac. 

exscreo, 1. to cough or hawk out; totiens 
clausas ante fores, Ov. 

exscribo -scrips! ; scriptum, 3. 1, to copy; 
litteras, Cic; 2, to note down, register; ei sacra 
omnia exscripta exsignataque attlibuit, Liv. 

exsculpo -sculpsi -sculptum, 3. 1, to scratch 

out, erase; versus, Nep. ; 2, to cut out with a 
chisel, carve or scoop out ; aliquid c quercu, Cic. 

exseco -secui -sectuin, 1. to cut out; 1, lin- 
guain, Cic; fig., vitiosas partes reipublieac, 
Cic; transf., qmnas hie capiti mercedes exsecat, 
deducts J'rom the principal, Hor. ; 2, to eastratq 
Cic. w 

exsecrabilis -e (exseeror), 1, deserving 
curst s; fortune, Liv.; 2, cursing, execrating; 
carmen. Liv.; hence, deadly; ira atque odium, 
Liv. 

exsocratio -onis, f. (exseeror), 1, a curse, 
execration, Cic. ; 2, an oath containing a'/l im- 
prccation, Cic. 

exsecratUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from exseeror), 
cursed, execrated ; exseeratus populo Romano, Cic. 

exseeror, 1. dep. (ex and sacer), to curse, 
execrate; 1, a, aliquem, Cic; consilia Catilinae, 
Sail.; b, to utter a curse; in caput alicuius, 
Liv. ; exsecratur primum ut nauiragio pereat, 
Cic; 2, to swear with an imprecation; haec 
exsecrata civitas, Hor. 

cxsectio -onis, f. (exseco), a cutting out; 
linguae, Cic 

exsecutio -onis, f. (exseqnor), performance, 
accomplishment ; uegotii, Tac; exsecutio Syriae, 
administration of, Tac 

exsequiae -arum, f. (exsequor), a funeral, 
•procession; justa exseqniarum, ceremonies of, 
Cic. ; exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi, Cic ; 
exeeqnias celebrare, Liv. 

exeequialiB -e (exsequiae), relating or be- 
longing to a funeral procession ; carmina, Ov. 

expoquor -secMus sum, 3. dep. I. to follow 
a corpse, to the grave, Oic. p>j?t. IX. A, to follow; 

suani quisque spin, sua consilia, coiomunibusi 



exs 



211 



exs 



deploratis, exsequentes, Liv. B. 1, to accom- 
plish, execute; a, mandate vestra, Cic; ofllcia, 
Cic. ; b, to assert, maintain; jus suum armis, 
Caes. ; 2, to follow revengefully, to avenge, punish; 
jura violata, dolorem, Liv. ; rem tarn atrocem, 
Liv.; 3, to rekitc, describe, explain; ea vix 
verbis exsequi posse, Cic; viam cousili. sceler- 
ati, Liv. ; alicuius or alicuius rei laudes, to 
spread abroad, Liv. ; with rel. sent., exseque- 
batur inde, quae sollemnis derivatio esset, Liv. ; 
4, to prosecute, carry out; aliquid usque ad ex- 
trenmm, Cic; 5, to ascertain, find out, Liv.; 
6, to suffer, oulure ; cladem illaru lugamque, Cic. 

exsero -serui -sertum, 3. I. Lit., a, to 
stretch out, tkrust out; linguain, Liv.; caput 
ponto, Ov. ; b, to bare; braehia, Ov. ; Amazon 
unuiu exserta latus pugnae" Verg. II. Transf., 
to free ; se aeie. alieno, Cic. (?) 

exserto, 1. (intens. of exsero), to stretch out; 
ora, Verg. 

exsertus -a -urn, partic. of exsero. 

exslbllo, 1. to hiss an actor off the-stage, Cic. 

exsiccatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from exsicco), 
dry, jejune; genus orationis, Cic. 

exsicco, 1. 1, to dry thoroughly; arbores, 
Cic. ; 2, to drain, dry, to empty by drinking ; 
vina culullis, Hor. 

exsigno, 1. to put a mark upon, mark ; sacra 
omnia e.xscripta exsignataque, Liv. 

exsilio -silui -sultum, 4. (ex and salio), 1, to 
leap out, spring out; in siccum (of a snake), 
Verg.; oculi txsiluere, Ov.; 2, to leap up, sjyring 
up; de sella, Cic; gaudio, for joy, Cic; ex- 
si lucre loco silvae, Ov. 

exsilium -ii, n. (exsul), 1, lit., banishment, 
exile; exsilii poena, Cic. ; aliquem exsilio afficere 
or multare, Cic ; in exsilium ire or pergere, 
Cic. ; aliquem in exsilium mittere, Liv. ; ali- 
quem in exsilium ejicere or pellere, Cic, or 
agere, Liv. ; aliquem reducere de exsilio, Cic. ; 
2, nicton., a, the place of exile, Cic; b, exsilia 
= exules, plenum exsiliis mare, Tac 

exsisto (existo) -stiti -stituin, 3. to arise, 
come forth, appear. I. ab ara, Cic; of soldiers, 
to start up; e latebris, Liv. ; of things, ab aede 
Junonis ex arce (of a voice), Cic. if to spring, 
arise, come into existence. A. Lit., ex stirpe 
quadain, Cic; in statuae capite, Cic B. Transf., 
ut tyranni existerent, Cic. ; exsistit motus, 
Caes. ; ex luxuria existit avaritia, Cic. ; with 
predic noinin., ego lmic causae patronus exstiti, 
Cic. ; with ut and the subj. (of logical conse- 
quence), ex quo existet. ut de nihilo quippiam 
fiat, Cic. ; with ace. and in tin., exsistit illud, 
multa esse probabilia quae, etc., Cic. 

exsolvo -solvi -solutum, 3. I. to loosen, un- 
loose, untie, unbind. A. Lit., glaciem, to dis- 
solve, Lucr. ; fig., nodum huius erroris, Liv. 
B. Transf., exsoluti plerique legis nexus, Tac. ; 
fsmem, drive away, Ov. II. to set free, release. 
A. Lit., se corpore, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to 
free ; plebem aere alieno, Liv. ; se occupation- 
ibus, Cic; 2, a, to pay; nomina, Cic; stip- 
endiuiu praeteritum cum fide, Tac. ; b, to dis- 
charge, to fulfil an engagement, perform a pro- 
mise or something due; quod promiserat, Cic; 
juianduin, Liv. ; poenas niorte, Tac 

exsomnis -e (ex and somnus), sleepless, wake- 
ful, Verg. • ' 

exsorbeo -sorbui, 2. to sue}; up, suck iii. 
A. L',t., sanguinem, Cic. ; gustaras civilem san- 
guinem vel potiuj exsorbueras, Cic B. Transf., 
a, fo endure; rnultorum difficultatem, Cic ; b, 
to swallow up, devour; quantas iste Byzanti- 
orum praedas exsorbuit, Cic. 

©Xgorg -sortis, without lot; 1, that for wMSi 



no lot has been cast, specially choten ; ducunt ex- 
sortem Aeneae (equuin), Vei-g. ; 2. having no 
share in, deprived of; with genit., dulcis vitae, 
Verg. ; amicitiae, Liv. 

exspatior, 1. dep., to digress from the path, 
deviate from the course ; exspatiantur equi, Ov. ; 
of rivers, exspatiatif ruunt per apertos flumina 
campos, Ov. 

exspectabilis -e (exspecto), that which is 
expecttd, probable, Tac 

exspectatio -onis, f. (exspecto), a waiting 
for, looking for, expectation; with subj. genit,, 
exspectatioue hominum ma.jore quam spe, Liv.; 
with obj. genit., exspectationem sui facere or 
concitare, Cic; with de, quantum tu tuihi moves 
exspectationem de sermone Bibuli, Cic. ; with 
rel. sent., summa omnium exspectatio, quidnaiu 
sententiae fei'rent judices, Cic. ; absol., obscura 
spe et caeca exspectatione pendere, Cic. 

exspectatus -a -uni, p. adj. with cornpar. 
and superl. (exspecto), expected, wished for, wel- 
come; cams omnibus exspectatusque venies, 
Cic. ; exspectati ad amplissimam dignitatem, ex- 
pected to arrive at the highest rank, Cic. ; litterae 
exspectatae, Cic. 

exspecto, 1. to wait for, look for, expect. I, 
1, gen.,transitum teinpestatis, Cic; partic. perf. 
subst., ante exspectatuni, before it was expected, 
Verg., Ov. ; with rel. sent., exspecto quid tri- 
bunus plebis excogitet, Cic. ; exspeetare quam 
mox, etc., Cic; with duni, exspectas. fortasse 
dum dicat, Cic. ; with quoad, Nep. ; with si, 
Caes.; with'ut and the subj., nisi forte exspec- 
tatis ut ilia diluam, Cic; uon exspectare foil. 
by quin, Caes. ; absol., to wait, loiter ; ad portain, 
Cic ; 2, esp., a, to wait for a person or thing 
(till it is ready or finished); oratores multas 
lioras, Cic; b, to await; me tranquilla senectus 
exspectat, Hor. II. to wait with longing, fear, 
hope, desire, etc., to hope for, long, dread ; testa- 
menta, Cic; aliquid ab or ex with abl., a te hoc 
civitas vel potius onmes cives non exspectailt 
solum sed etiam postulant, Cic ; with ace. and 
infin., quum exspectaret effusos omnibus portis 
Aetolos in fidem suam venturos (esse), Liv. 

exspergo (ex-spargo), -spersum, 3. to scatter, 
Lucr. 

exspes, adj. (only in nom. sing.), without 
hope, hopeless; erret inops, exspes, Ov. ; with 
genit, exspes vitae, Tac. 

exspiratio -onis, f. (exspiro), an exhala- 
tion; terrae, Cic. 

exspiro, 1. I. Transit., to breathe out, ex- 
hale ; a, flamraas pectore, Verg. ; b, of the 
dying, aninias, auras, Verg. II. In transit., 1, 

to give up the ghost, to die ; in pugna et in acie, 
Liv. ; fig., quid ? si ego morerer, niecuiu ex- 
spiratura respublica erat, Liv. ; 2, to blow forth, 
rush forth; vis ventorum exspirare cupiens, Ov. 

exspolio, 1. to plunder, ivb, despoil; fana 
atque domos, Sail. ; exercitu et provincia Pom- 
peium, Cic 

exspuo -spui -sputum, 3. tospit out ; transf., 
to get rid of, cast av;a>i ; hamum (of fishes), Ov. ; 
rationem ex animo, Lucr. 

exsterno, 1. to frighten, terrify, Ov., Cat. 

exstillo, 1. to drop moisture, drip, trickle, 
Plaut,, Ter. 

exstimiilator -oris, m. (exstimulo),- an 
inciter, instigator ; rebelhonis, Tac. 

exstimiilo, l.'io goad, to excite, instigate; 
virum dictis, Ov. 

extinctio -Sniff, f. (exstinguo), annihilation, 
extinction, Cic. 
exatinctor -cri*. xa. (eistitjuo). J. ant vm 



exs 



212 



ext 



extinguishes ; incendii, Cic; 2, one who destroys, 
annihilates ; patriae, Cic. 

exstinguo -stinxi -stinctum, 3. I. Lit., to 
put out, extinguish; incendiuin, Cic; middle, 
exstingui, In qo out ; consumptus ignis exstingui- 
tur, Cic. It. Transf., 1, to dry vp ; aquaiu 
rivis, Liv. ; 2, to quench; sitim.Ov. ; 3, tokill; 
invictuui hello juvenem fortuna morbo exstinxit, 
Liv. ; middle, exstingui, to die, esp. suddenly or 
prematurely, Cic. ; 4, to abolish, destroy, anni- 
hilate ; exstiucto senatu, Cic; gratiam alieuius, 
Cic; esp., to blot out the memory of something, to 
bring into oblivion; memoriam publicaiil, cri- 
mina sua, Cic. ; middle, exstingui, to be for- 
gotten; rumor exstiuguitur, Cic. (syncop. plu- 
pert., exstiuxeui, for exstinxissem, Verg.). 

e::stlrpo, 1. (ex and stirps) to tear up by the 
root; transf., to root out, extirpate; vitia, Cic, 
humanitatciu ex animo, Cic. 

exsto (exto), 1. to stand out, project. I. Lit., 
milites cipite solo ex aqua exstant, Caes. ; quo 
aitius ab aqua exstaret, Liv. II. Transf., A. 
Gen., quo magis id quod erit illuminatum exsture 
atque eininere videatur, Cic. B. 1, to be visible, 
show itself, appear, exist ; exstant liuius fortitlld- 
iuis vestigia, Cic ; exstat, iuipers. with ace 
ari ill fin., Cic; apparct atque exstat, utruiii 
• . . an, etc, Cic ; 2, to be still in existence, to 
oc extaiit; exstant epistolae Philippi, Cic. ; noil 
exstat alius, Liv. 

exstructio -onis, f. (exstruo), a building up, 
erection; ea exstructio quae, etc., Cic; piur., 
exstructtonea tectorum, Cic. 

exstruo -struxi -structum, 3. to heap up, 
pile up. I. Lit., rogum, Cic. ; maguuin acervum 
librorum Dicaearchi sibi ante pedes, Cic ; divit- 
ias in altum, Hor. ; focuin lignis, Hor. ; meusae 
Lonquisitissimis epulis exstruebantur, Cic ; 
meusae exstructae, piled up with food, Cic. II. 
Transf., oxstrue aniuioaltitudinem exeellentiam- 
que virtutum, build up, Cic ; accurate non modo 
undata, verum etiaru exstructa disciplina, Cic. 

exsuctus -a -um, partic of exsugo. 

exsudo, 1. I. Intransit, to come out in 
sweat, exude; inutiiis u^inor, Verg. Ij.. Transit., 
to sweat out. A. Lit., Plin. B. Transf., to sweat 
through, toil through, perform ivith great labour; 
novum do integro laborein, Liv. ; certainen in- 
gens, Liv. 

exsugo -suxi -suctum, to suck out, suelc up; 
ostrca vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 

exsul -sulis, c. (from ex and the root of salio ; 
cf. con-sul, prae-sul). A. a ba)iished or exiled 
person, an exile; quum vagus et exsul erraret, 
Cic; exsules reducuntur, Cic; num qui exsules 
restitutl, Cic. ; with genit., patriae, Hor. ; v.ith 
abl., exsul patria, domo, Sail. B. Transf., de- 
prived of; with genit., exsul mentisque domus- 
que, Ov. 

exsulo (extilo), 1. (exsul), to be banished, 
live in exile. A. Lit., Romae, at Home, Cic; apud 
Prnsiam, Cic; in Volscos exsulatum abire, Liv.; 
aptis simus ad exsulandum locus, Cic. B. 
Transf., meo discessu exsulasse runpublicam, 
Cic 

exsnltatlo -onis, f. (exsulto), a leaping vp. 
I. Lit.. Plin. II. Transf, exultation, excessive 
rejoicing ; ilia exsultatio Athamantis, Cic. 

exsultlm, adv. (exsilio) frisk ingly, Hor. 

exsulto (exulto), 1. (freq. of exsilio), to leap 
vp frequently or violently. I. Lit, a, of living 
suhjeets, equi ferocitate exsultantes, Cic. ; in 
nuraerum, to dance, Lucr. ; medias inter caedes 
exsultat Amazon, Verg. ; b, of things, reda 
exsultant, dash up, Verg. TL Transf, A. ap- 
petitus quasi exsultantes sive cupiendo sive 
lugiendo, Cic B, Esp. I, to rejoice exceedingly, 



triumph; laetitlS or gaudio, Cic. ; in ruinis al- 
terius, Cic; Graeei exsultant quod, etc., Cic.; 
2, a, of orators and of discourse, to run riot ; 
audacius, Cic. ; verborum audacia exsultans, 
Cic; b, of discourse, to move freely ; campus 
in quo exsultare possit oratio, Cic. 

exsuperabilis -c (exsupero), that can be 

conquered or overcome ; non exsuperabile saxum 
(of Sisyphus), Verg. 

exsuperantia -ae, f. (exsupero), superiority, 
pre-eminence ; virtutis, Cic 

exsupero, 1. I. Intransit., A. Lit., to 
mount up, appear above; fiamiiiae, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, to be prominent, excel; quantum feroci 
virtuto exsuperas, Verg. ; 2, in battle, to get the 
upper hand, prevail; si non poterunt exsuperare, 
cadant, Ov. II. Transf., to surmount something. 
A. Lit., 1, to surmount a height, to pass over or 
beyond; .jugum, Verg.; an jam omnes angustine 
exsuperatae, Liv. ; 2, to project above ; angtics 
exsuperant undas, Verg. B. Transf., 1, a, to 
exceed; maguitudo scelcris omnium ingenia ex- 
superat, surpasses all thought, Sail. ; b, to snr- 
jiass, go beyond; omnes Tarquinios superbia, 
Liv. ; 2, to overcome; consilium caecum, Verg. 

exsurdo, 1. (ex and surdus), to deafen. I. 
Lit., Plin. II. Transf., of taste, to make dull 
or blunt ; palatum, Hor. 

exsurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise vp, 
lift oneself up, stand up. I. Lit., 1. of persons, 
quuiu exsurgeret, simul arridens, etc, Cic ; ex- 
SllTgit facem attollens, Verg. ; esp., to raise one- 
self to one's full height to give force to a blow; 
altior exsurgens, Verg. ; 2, of things (Roma) 
tota simul exsurgereaedificiis, Liv. II. Transf., 

1, to rise vp, to regain strength ; exsur;;cre atque 
erigere se, Cic. ; auctoritate vestra respublica 
exsurget, Cic. ; 2, of political risings, invidia 
eorum exsurgere rursus plebein, Liv. 

exsuscito, 1. I. Lit., a, to awaken from 
sleep; te (juris cousultum) gallorum, ilium (im- 
poratoreni) bucinarum cautus exsuscitat, Cic. ; 
Oftokindlefire; fiammamaura, Ov. II, Transf., 
to excite, arouse; quae cura ctiam exsuscitat 
animos, Cic ; se exsuscitare, to arouse oneself, 
make an effort, Cic. 

exta -oruni, n. the entrails of animals, esp., 
the heart, lungs, liver, etc., used by the Romans 
for divination ; exta inspicere, Cic. ; si est in 
extis aliqua vis, quae declaret futura, Cic 

extabesco -tsbui, 3. to waste away entirely. 
A. Lit., corpus macie extabuit, ap. Cic B. 
Transf., to vanish, disappear; opiniones vetus- 
tate extabuisse, Cic 

extemplo, adv. (ex and teniplum), immed- 
iately, directly, straightway, Cic 

extempfcralis -e (ex and tempus), extem- 
porary, without preconsideration ; oratio, actio, 
Quiut. 

extempulo = extemplo (q.v.). 

extendo -tendi -tensum and -teutum, 3. to 
stretch out, expand, extend. I. Lit. A. a, bra- 
chium, Cic. ; extentum funem, tight rope, Hor. ; 
rigidacerviceetextento capitecurrere (ofhorses), 
Liv. ; milit. t. t., to extend in order of battle; 
aciem in radicibus montis, Liv. ; b, of time, to 
extend, prolong ; ab hora tertia ad noctcin pug- 
nam, Liv. ; middle, to last ; tamquani non 
longius, quara vitae humanae spatium est, cupi- 
ditas gloriae extenditur, Liv. B. 1, to stretch 
on the ground ; aliquem arena, Verg. ; toto ingens 
<>xtcnditur (Cerberus) antro, is stretched, Verg. ; 

2, to increase; agros, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to 
exert; se supra vires, Liv. ; itinera, to march at 
great speed, Liv. ; avidoseursus, to hasten eagerly, 
Vers. ; 2, '" extend; nonn-n in ultinu>-s oras. 



est 



213 



ext 



Hor. ; in Aslam quoque cognitionem, Liv. ; 
famain factis, to spread abroad, Verg. 

extento, 1. (in tens, of extendo), to stretch 
out, to extend ; nervos, Lucr. 

extentus a -um, p. adj. with suporl. (from 
extendo), extended, wide ; stagna latius extenta 
Lucrino lacu, Hor. ; castra quam extentissimii 
potest valle locat, Liv. 

extenuatio -5nis, f. (extenuo). I. a making 
thin, Plin. II. Rhet. 1. 1., a figure of speech, a 
diminution, lessening (Gr. /jieuoai?, opp. exag- 
gerate), Cic. 

extenuatus -a -um, p. adj. (from extenuo), 
weak, poor, slight ; vestigia, Cat. ; copiolae ex- 
tenuatissimae, ap. Cic. 

extenuo, 1. to make thin or small, to reduce, 
diminish. I. Lit., 1, aer extenuatus, rarefied, 
Cic. ; dentibus extenuaturet molitur cibus, Cic. ; 
extenuari in aquas, dissolves into, Ov. ; 2, milit. 
1. 1., to extend a line or column, make thin; an- 
gustiae extenuabant agmen, Liv. ; extenuata 
suorum aeie, Sail. II. Transf., 1, to lessen, 
weaken, diminish; sumptus, Cic. ; spem, crimen, 
Cic. ; 2, in speech, etc., to disparage, depreciate ; 
suuin munus, Cic. ; famani belli, Liv. 

exter and exterus -a -um (from ex), out- 
ward, foreign, strange. I. Posit, jus nationum 
exterarum, Cic. II. Compar., exterior, n. 
-lus, genit. -oris ; orbis, Cic; hostis, Cic. ; e xter- 
iorem ire alicui, to go on the left side, Hor. III. 
Supeii. A. extremus -a -urn, the outermost; 

1, lit., subst., extremum -i, n., a, that which 
is outermost ; caelum quod extremum atque 
ultimum mundi est, Cic; b, the outermost, last; 
pars, Cic ; vitaedies, Cic. Subst, extremum 
-i. n., the end; extremum habet, has an end, 
Cic. ; aestatis, Sail. ; the end of life, death, Verg.; 
ad extremum, adv., to the end; ad extremum 
reservatus, Cic; at the end, Cic; entirely; ad 
extremum perditus, Liv. ; extremum, adv., at 
the end, Ov. ; for the last time ; extremum affari 
or alloqui aliquem, Verg. ; extremo, at the end, 
Nop. ; in extremo, at the end of a letter, Cic. ; 
plnr., extreina -orum, n. the end; agri, Cic. ; 

2, transf., a, extreme — i.e., only used in the 
greatest need ; senatus consultum, Caes. ; b, 
extreme, greatest, most dangerous, most difficult; 
tempora, extreme need, Cic. ; extremum bonorum, 
malorum, the highest good, evil, Cic; neut. subst, 
vitam ipsam in extremum adductam, Tac ; 
extreina pati, the worst extremities, Verg. ; with 
genit., quotiens in extrema periculorum ventum, 
Liv.. ; c, the lowest, worst ; haud Ligurum ex- 
trelhus, Verg. ; extremi ingenii (of the lowest un- 
derstanding) est qui, etc., Liv. B. extimus 
-a -um, the otitermost; orbis, Cic. 

exterebro, 1. to lore out, extract by boring ; 
ex eo auro, quod exterebratum esset, Cic 

extergSo -tersi -tersum, 2. to wipe off, wipe 
dry ; transf., to strip clean, plunder ; fauuni quod 
nnn eversum atque extersum reliqueris, Cic. 

exterior, exterius, v. exter. 

extermino, 1. (ex and terminus), to drive 
beyond the boundaries ; hence, 1, to drive out, 
expel, banish; aliquem ex urbe, Cic; or urbe, 
Ci<r. ; de civitate, Cic. ; 2, to put aside, remove; 
auctoritatein senatus e civitate, Cic. 

externus -a -um (exter). I. tliat which is 
outside, external; tepor, Cic. Subst, externa 
-orum, n. outward appearances, Cic. XI. foreign, 
strange; hostis, Cic; amor (of a foreigner), Ov.; 
timor, terror (of a foreign enemy), Liv. Subst., 
a, externus -i, m. a foreigner, Liv.; a stranger; 
canum odium in externos, Cic. ; b, externa 
-orum, n. that which is foreign or strange; ex- 
terna (foreign examples) libentius in tali re 
quam domestica recordor. Cic. 



extero -trivi -trituni, 3. to rub out, rub off, 
Lucr. • 

exterreo -terrfii -territum, 2. to frighten 
suddenly, to teirify ; periculo suo aliquem, ut, 
etc., Liv. ; in pass., praetor niodum exterreri, 
Cic; partic, exterritus aspectu, Cic; of things, 
cxterritus amnis, Verg. 

exterus, v. exter. 

extimesco -timui, 3. I. Intransit, to be 
greatly afraid, to be terrified; de fortunis com- 
mnnibus extimescere, Cic. ; foil, by ne and the 
subj., Cic II. Transit., to be greatly afraid of, 
to dread; with ace. of the thing, adventuin 
tuum, Cic; with ne and the subj., unnui illud 
extimescebam ne quid turpiter faeerem, Cic.'; 
with ace. of the person, victorem orbis terrarum, 
Cic. 

extimus, v. exter. 

extispex -splcis, m. (exta and *specio), o 
soothsayer who predicts from the entrails of victims, 
Cic. 

extollo, extuli, and rarely exsustuli, 3. to lift 
up,raiseup. I. Lit., cruentum pugionem, Cic 
II. Transf., 1, extollere animum or aliquem, to 
raise, elevate, exalt ; extollere animos, to become 
insolent, Cic. ; se extollere, Cic ; aliquem sec- 
unda oratione, Sail. ; 2, in words, to raise ; 
aliquid verbis in mujus, to exaggerate, Liv. ; to 
praise, celebrate, extol; fortunam alicuius, Cic; 
aliquem ad caelum, Cic. ; 3, to adorn ; hortos a 
Lucullo coeptos iusigni magnificentia extollere, 
Tac; 4, to raise to rank, power, etc. ; jacentem, 
Cic. 

extorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. to twist out, 
wrest away, wrench out. I. Gen., A. Lit., arma 
e manibusoivium, Cic; alicui sicam de manibns, 
Cic. B. Transf., to obtain by force, extort ; a 
Caesare per Herodem taleuta Attica L, Cic. ; 
alicui veritatem, errorem, Cic. ; ex animis cog- 
nitiones verborum, Cic. ; with ut and the subj., 
extorsisti ut fatercr, Cic. II. Ksp., to dislocate, 
put out of joint ; prava extortaque puella, de- 
formed, Juv. ; to torture, Liv. 

extorriS -e (ex and terra), driven from the 
country, exiled, banished; huic CXXXI1 patres 
familias extorres profiigerunt Cic; with abl., 
agro Romano, Liv.; patrift, Sail. 

extra (= extera sc. parte, from exter). I. 
Adv., A. Lit., outside (opp. intus) ; quae extra 
sunt, Cic; quum extra et intus hostem haberent, 
Caes. ; compar., exterius sitae (urbes), Ov. 
B. Transf., except; pxtra quam, extra quam si, 
except, vnless, Cic II, Prep, with ace, A. Lit, 
beyond, outsule of, without ; provinciam, Caes. 
B. a, except, with the exception of; extra ducem, 
Cic; b, beyond, outside; extra nioduni, Cic; 
extra ordinem, Cic. ; c, without ; extra jocnm, 
joking apart, Cic; esse extra culpam, Cic. 

extraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw out, 
extract. A. Lit, telum e corpore, Cic. ; telum 
de vulnere, Ov. ; vivum puerum alvo, Hor. ; 
velut ab inferis extractus, Liv. B. Transf., a, 
to extricate, free ; urbem ex periculis, Cic. ; b, to 
destroy, root out; religionem ex animis, Cic. 
II. to draw forth ; 1, lit, aliquem turba oppos- 
itis humeris, Hor. ; aliquem vi in publicum, 
Liv.; aliquem domo, Cic; milit. t. t., hostes 
invitos in aciem, Liv. ; 2, a, to bring to light ; 
scelera in lucem, Liv. ; t>, to bring out; ali- 
quem ad honorein, Liv. Ill, Of time, 1, to pro- 
long, delay, protract; res variis calumniis, Cic. ; 
certamen usque ad noctem, Liv. ; aliquem, to 
put off, LiT. ; 2, to waste; aestatem sine ullo 
effectu, Liv. 

extraneus -a -um (extra), that which is out- 
side. I. not belonging to a thing or subject, ex- 
traneous ; res extraneae, Cic. ; oroamenta, Cic. 
II. not belonging to a houst, family, or country, 



ext 



214 



lab 



foreign, strange; exeorcitataoforensis etextranea, 
Cic. Subst., extraneus -i, in. a foreigner, 
Granger; si extraneus deest, doiai hostem 
qnaerunt, Liv. 

oxtra-ordinarius -a -mn, exiraonlinary, 
anomalous, irregular; petitio consulatus, Cic; 
pecunia, obtained by gift, legacy, etc., Cic. ; oup- 
iilitatrs, unnatural, Cic; imperiuin, Cic; milit. 
t. t., equites, cohortes, or simply extra-ordinaiii, 
picked troops of the auxiliary fore*?, Liv.; porta. 
(= praetorin, near which the extra-oidlnarii had 
ti.cir tents), Liv. 

extrarius -a -nm (extra), 1, outward, ex- 
ternal, extrinsic; utlllta9 aut in corpore posita 
est aut in extrariis rebus, Cic ; 2; stra r 
foreign. Subst., extrarius -i, m. a stranger, 
Ter. 

extremitas -Stis, f. (extremus), • the end, 
farthest portion, extremity; lnundi, Cic. 

extremus -a -um. v. ester. 

extrioo, 1. (ex and tricor), to disentangle, 
extricate. A. Lit., cervam plagis, Hor. B. 
Transf., to procure with difficulty; nuininos, Ilor. 

extrinseciis, adv. (extra and secus), 1, from 
without, from, the outside, Cic ; 2, on the outside, 
vutwardly ; columna extrinsecus inaurata, Cic. 

extrudo -trflsi -trflsum, 3. to push out, thrust 

out, extrude ; a, of persons, te in viam, Cic. ; 
extrudi a senatu in Macedoniam, Cic; b, of 
thing3, mare aggere, to dam out, Caes. 

extundo -tiidi, 3. J. tobeat out. A. Lit., to 
form by beating with a hammer; lapsa ancilia 
caelo extuderat, Verg. B. to invent, devise; 
alicui artem, Verg. II. tobeat out, force; transf., 
to drive away; quum labor extuderit fastidia, 
Hor. 

exturbo, 1. to drive away, thrust out. A. 
Lit., homines e possessionibus, Cic. ; aliquem 
provincia, Cic; aliquem e fortunis omnibus, Cic. 
B. Transf., oinnem spem pacis, Liv.; mentem 
alicuius, to put out of countenance, Cic. 

exubero, 1. A. Lit., of fluids, to overflow ; 
alte spumis exuberat umbra, Verg. B. Transf., 
to abound; si luxuria foliorum exuberat annus, 
Verg.; pomis exuberat annus, Verg.; tain lato 
te fenore exuberat, Tac 

cxul, v. exsul. 

exuicero, I. I. to make sore, Plin. IL 
Transf., 1, to make worse, aggravate; ea quae 
aanare nequeunt, exulcerant, Cic; 2, to irritate, 
embitter; ut in exulcerato animo facile Actum 
crimen insideret, Cic. 

©XUiulo, 1. to howl out, hotel loudly, Ov. ; 
exululatus -a -nm ; a, having howled, Ov. ; 
b, invoked with howlings ; mater Cybeleia, Ov. 

extmdo, 1. 1, to overflow, to flow out or over; 
tura balsamaque vi tempestatum in adversa 
litora exundant, Tac; 2, to overflow, abound; 
largus et exundans ingenii fons, Juv. 

exungo -unctus and exungor -ungi, 8. to 
anoint, besmear with unguents, Plant. 

exiio -iii -utum, 3. (connected with ind— no). 
I. to draw out or off, to take out. A. se jugo, 
Liv.; unum exivta pedem vinclis, Verg.; se ex 
his laqueis, Cic. B> Transf., a, hominem ex 
homine, deprive of all- human feeling, Cic ; mihi 
ex animo exui non potest esse deos, J cannot but 
believe, etc, Cic;b, to deprive; aliquem agro 
paterno, Liv.; milit. t. 1., to strip an enemy of; 
hostem imped imentis, castris, armis, praed:":. 
Caea., Liv. II. to lay aside, put off, take off. 
A. Lit., ensent or pharetram, Verg., Ov. B. 
Transf., a, to lay aside; torvam faciem, Verg.; 
homineni, human shape, Ov. ; b, to lay aside, 
remove, divest oneself of; humanitatem bnincni, 



Cic. ; servitutem muliebrem, Liv. ; niagistiw, 
get rid of, Tac. 

exuro -ussi -ustum, 3. I. to burn out; aliis 
scelus exuritur igni, Verg. H. to burn up, 
consume entirely ; aliquem vivuin, Cic; classeiu, 
Verg. ; exustus ager, dried up, Verg. III. t<< 
burn ; 1, sol graciles exurit artus, Tib.; 2, of 
thirst, tnburn; sitis exuiit miseros, Liter.-; ex- 
ustus flos siti veteris ubertatis exaruit, Cic.; 3, 
to heat;. a, antra positis exusta caininis, Ov ; 
b, to inflame with love, Tib. 

exustio -unis, f. (exuro), a burning up, con- 
flagration ; terrarum, Cic 

exuviae -arum, f. (exno), that which is taken 
off from the body. I. Of men, a, dress ; has 
enim exuvias mihi-perfldus ille reliquit, Verg.; 
b, spoiis taken from the enemy, arms, etc. ; 
nanticae, Cic. ; tu ornatus exuviis huius, Cic. 
II. Of animals, a, the skin or slough which is 
laid aside (naturally); exuvias ponere, Verg.; 
b, the skin captured and taken off, the hide; 
leonis, Verg. 



F. 



F. 

f, the sixth letter of the Latin Alphabet, 
, corresponding in form with the Aeolic di- 
gamma ( f), though in sound most nearly repre- 
sented by -J>, 4>. For the meaning of this letter 
when used as an abbreviation, see Table of 
Abbreviations. 

faba -ae, f. a bean, Cic. ; prov., isthaec in me 
cudetur faba, I shall have to suffer for this, Ter. 

fabalis -e (faba), of or relating to beans; stip- 
ulae, Ov. 
Fabaris -is, m., a tributary of the Tibsr in 

the Sabine country, also called Farfarus, now 
Far fa. 

fabella -ae, f. (dim. of fabula). I. a Kith 

story, little narrative ; fabellanimauditiune dnei, 
Cic. II. Esp., a, a fable, Hor. ; b, a little 
drama, t'io. 

1. faber -bri, m. (perhaps shortened for faci- 
ber from facio); 1, a worker, esp. in any hard 
material ; tignarius, a carpenter, Cic. ; in the 
army, fabri, the engineers, Caes. ; praefectus 
fabruni, commander of the engineers, Caes. ; 2, a 
fish, perhaps the dory, Ov. 

2. faber -bra -brum, ingenious, skilful ; ars, 
Ov. 

Fabius -a -nm, name of a. Roman gens, of 
which the most famous were : 1, Numerius Fabius 
Pictor, Roman annalist at the beginning of the 
Second Punic war; 2, Qu. Fabius Muximus 
Cunctator, the opponent of Hannibal in the Second 
Punic war; 3, Qu. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, 
son of L. AemUius Paullus, consul \a b.c. ; 4, 
Qu. Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, son of the 
preceding, conqueror of the Allobroges, builder of 
a triumphal arch on the sacra via (called fornix 
Fabii, fornix Fabius, fornix Fabianus, Cic); 5, 
Senilis Fabius Pictor, celebrated lawyer, praetor 
145 B.C. Adj., Fabius -a -um, Fabian. Hence, 
Fabianus -a -um, of or belonging to Fabius. 

Fabrateria -ae, f. town of the Volsci on the 
river Trerus. Hence, Fabratemus -a -nm, 
of or belonging to Fabrateria. 

fabri, adv. (2. faber), skilfully, Plaut. 

fabrefacio -feci -factum, 8. to make or 
fashion skilfully; ex aere multa fabrefacta, Liv. 

fabrica -ae, f. (faber). I. (so. ars), the art 
of a faber; pictnra et fabrica, architecture, Cic. 
II. the work of a faber, working, making ; fabrica 



fab 



215 



fac 



aeris et fern, Cic. III. (sc. ofticina), the work- 
shop of a faber, Cic. 

fabricatio -onis, f. (fabrico), 1, making, 
framing, construction; liominis, Cic; 2, arti- 
fice, device; ne ilia quidem traductio in verbo 
quaudam fabricationrm luibet, Cic. 

fabricator -oris, in. (fabrico), a maker, arti' 
ficer, fraimr ; tant.i opens, Cic; ij'se doli fabri- 
cator Epeus, Verg. 

F&briolus -a -um, name of a Roman gens of 
ivhich the most distinguished was C. Fabricius, 
consul 282 and 273- b'c., conqueror of Pyrrhus 
and the Samnites, famed for the simplicity of his 
life and the rigour of his censorship. Adj., Fab- 
rician ; pons, abridge in Rome. Heiice, Fab- 
ricianus -a -um, o/or belonging to Fabricius. 

fabrico, 1. (faber), to form, make, forge out 
of hard materials; arma, Hor. ; pocula fago 
fabricata, Ov. 

fabricor, 1. dep. (faber), 1, to frame, make, 
forge out of a hard material ; gladium, fulmen, 
signa, Cic. ; Capitolii fastigium, Cic. ; 2, to 
fashion, form ; hominem, Cic. ; verba, invent 
new words, Cic. 

fabrilis -e (faber), relating or belonging to an 
artificer ; erratum, Cic. ; scalyrum, Liv. ; < .a, 

Verg. ; neut. plur. subst., fabrilia -ium, n., 
tools, Hor. 

fabuia -e, f. (fari). I. talk; fabulam fieri 
or esse, to be the common talk, Cic. ; conversation ; 
fabulae conviviales, Tac. II. a tale, narrative, 
story, fable. A. Gen., 1, lit., fabuia tantum sine 
aui'tore. edita, Liv.; 2, transf., fabulae manes, 
the empty shades, Hor. B. Esp., the plot, story, 
of a drama, Hor.; a drama; in iis quae ad 
scenam coinponuntur fabulis, Cic. 

fabulor, 1. dep. (fabuia), to talk, converse, 
chatter ; quid Ser. Galba fabuletur, Liv. 

fabulosus -a -um (fabuia), renowned in story, 
fabled; Hydaspes, Hor. ; palnmbes, Hor. 

facesso, facessi, 3. (intens. of facio). I. 
Transit.., to do eagerly, perform, fulfil, accomplish ; 
jussa, Verg. ; negotium, to give trouble to, Cic. ; 
alicui periculum, Cio. II. Intransit., to be off, 
go away, depart; ab omni societate, reipublicae, 
Cic. ; ex urbe, Liv. ; urbe finibusque, Liv. 

facets, adv. (facetus), wittily, humorously ; 
si (contumelia) facetius jaetatur, urbanitas 
dicitur, Cic. 

facetia -ae, f. (facetus). I. Sing., wit, Plant. 
II. Plur., wit, facetiousness, drollery, humour; 
Seipio omnes sale facetiisque snperabat, Cic. 

facetus -a -nin (root FA, Skr. bha, Gk.^a, 
shine, whence also facies), 1, fine, elegant; orator, 
Cic; senno, Cic; 2, witty, facetious, .Cic. 

facies -ei, f. (root FA). I. Abstr., .1, the ex- 
ternal form ov figure; a, of persons, quera ne 
de facie quidem nosti, Cic ; b, of tilings, cet- 
ernm facies totius negotii varia, incerta, foeda 
atque miserabilis, Sail. ; 2, esp., a, manner, 
kind; in faciem hederae (after the fashion' of), 
frondescere, Ov. ; non una pugnae facies, Tac. ; 
b, beautiful exterior, beauty; Tyndaridis, Verg. 
II. Concr., 1, figure, form; Homeri, Cic. ; se in 
omnes facies vertere, Verg.; 2, the face, caunte- 
ncoice, Cic. 

facile, adv. (facilis). I. easily, without diffi- 
culty ; 1, gen., liacc facile ediscere.Cie ; 2, esp., 
easily, indisputably, certainly ; facile primus, 
facile princeps, indisputably first, Cic. ; facile 
doctissimus, Cic; non facile or hand facile, not 
easily, hardly, Cic II. willingly; pati, Cic. ; 
facillime audiri, Cic. 

facilis -e (facio). I. Pass., 1, that which is 
easy to be, done, easy; ascensus, Caes. ; aditus, 



Cic ; with ad and the ace, faciles ad receptum 
angustiae, Liv. ; esp. with gerund, illud autem 
facile ad credendum est, Liv. ; with in and the 
ace, altera crepido hand facilior in ascensum, 
Liv. ; with the supine in u, or the abl., res 
cognitu facilis, Cic. ; with inlin., facile est peri 
flcere at, etc., Cic. ; witli ut and the subj., quod 
ei fait facillimuin, ut in agrurn Rutulorum 
procederet, Cic; with dat., suitable; campus 
operi facilis, Liv. ;. neut. subst. with prep., in 
faeili esse, to be easy, Liv. ; e or ex facili, ^easily, 
Ov,; 2, of circumstances, fortune, etc, favour- 
able ; quae (res et fortunae) q'uotidie faciliares 
mihi et meliores videntur, Cic II. Act., A, I, 
that which does a thing easily, facile, skilful; 
manu facile Ov.; 2, dexterous, clever ; facilis et 
expeditus ad dicendum T. Junius, Cic. B. ready, 
willing, inclined ; 1 ? with dat., commercio facilis, 
Liv. ; with ad, facili femiuartim credulitate ad 
gaudia, Tac; poet., with iufln., Prop.; 2, esp. oi 
character, courteous, accessible, affable, easy, good- 
natured; facilis et liberalis pater, Cic; mores 
facillimi, Cic ; with ad and the gerund, facilis 
ad concedendnm, Cic; with in andthe'abl., 
facilis in hominibus.audiendis, Cic. ; with in and 
the ace, si faciles habeas in tua vota deos, Ov. ; 
with dat., si mihi di faciles et sunt in amore 
secundi, Ov. ; with abl., facilis amieitia, Sail. 

facilitas -atis, f. (facilis). I. Pass., easiness, 
ease; facilitas eamporum, for marching, Tac. 
II. Act., 1, readiness, disposition, Cic ; 2, wil- 
lingness, friendliness, affability, good- nat are, 
courteousness ; facilitas in audieudo, Cic. 

facinordsus -a -um (facinus),/«// of shame- 
ful deeds, wicked, atrocious, nefarious ; vir, Cic. ; 
vita, Cic; plur. subst., facinorosi, abandoned 
men, Cic 

facinus -oris, n. (facio), 1, a deal, act ion (good 
or bad), pulcherrimum, Cic. ; indigmun, Cic. ; 
2, a bad deed, crime, villainy (not so strong 
a word as scelus, which = infamy) ; facinus 
est vinciri civem Romanum, scelus verberari, 
Cic ; facinus facere, obire, committere, Cic ; iu 
se admittere, Caes.; patrare, Sail. ; metoiv, a, the 
instrument of crime ; facinus excussit ab ore, the 
poisoned cup, Ov. ; b, a criminal ; omnium flagi- 
tiorum atque facinorum circuni se stipatorum 
catervae, Cic 

faciO; feci, factum, 3. I. Transit., A. 1, to 
make, prepare, build; alicui anulum, Cic.;; 
castra, Caes. ; hence, a, to write down; litteras 
ad aliquem, Cic ; b, to perform som-e action of 
the body ; gradum. Cic. ; impetum in hostesj-fo 
attaek, Liv. ; 2, to produce ; ignem ex lignis 
viridibus, Cic. ; hence (of an orator, poet; etc.), 
to compose; orationem, versus, poema, Cic.; 3j, 
to gain; praedam, Caes. ; lucrum, manubias sibi 
ex," etc., Cic. ; stipendia, to serve in war, Sail. ; . 
4, to raise, levy ; tributum, Cic ; auxilia mer- 
cede, Tac. B. 1, to do, perform, accomplish, 
execute ; ego plus quam feci facere non possum, 
Cic ; caedem, fnrtum, fraudem, Cic. ; alicui 
medicinam, to cure, Cic; indutias,. paceni, 
bellum, Cic ; fugam, to take to flight, or to put to 
flight, Sail., Liv.; facere de aliquo or dealiqua re, 
aliquo oraliqna re, alicui or alicui rei, cumaliqua 
re, to do with, or do to ; quid lioc hoinine, or liuic 
homini facias, Cic; 2, a, to manage or hold a cere- 
mony ; ludos, Cic; sacra, or sacrificium,.or res 
divinas, to sacrifice, Cic; b, to practise a pro-~~- 
fession ; praeconium, Cic; 3, to procure ;. orationi 
audientiam, Cic. ; silentium, Liv.; 4, to grant ; 
potestatem, permission, Cic; 5, to arouse (some 
feeling, etc.); alicui dolorem, Cic; spem, Cic; 6, 
to cause, bring it about ; with ut and the subj., 
facis ut rorsus plebes in Aventinum sevocanda 
esse videatur, Cic ; with subj. alone, di faeerent, 
sine patrn forem 1 Ov. ; fac sciam, let meknow, . 
Cic. ; facio, with ne or quo and the subj., non 



lac 



216 



fal 



facere foil, byquin or quoniinus and the subj., 
facere non possum quin quotidie ad te mittam 
(litteras), I cannot but, Cic ; poet, with sec. and 
infin., ilium fornia timcre fae.it, Ov.; 7, to make, 
represent; with ace. and inlin. (of artists and 
poets), quein tamen Homerus apud inferos con- 
veniri ikcit ab Ulysse, Cic. ; 8, to suppose, as- 
sume; with ace. and intin., essedeos faciamus 
Cic; 9, with double ace, to make; allqnem 
consulem, Cic. ; ine tinnni ex ils feci qui, etc., 
made myself out to be, etc., Cic. ; with adj., ali- 
quera sanura, disertuin.Cic; allquem certiorem, 
v. certus ; 10, to make something the property 
of some one, to briny into the power of; with 
genit., tota Asia populi Romani facta est, 
Cic. ; facere aliquid potestatia or ditlonis suae, 
Cic; with pron. possess., aliquam terrain suam, 
to subject, Caes.; 11, to esteem, value ; with genit., 
parvi, minimi, pluns, maximi, nihlli, Cic; acqui 
bonique facere aliquid, to be content with, Cic ; 
12, to safer ; naufragium facere, Cic; damnum, 
detrimentnm facere, to suffer loss, Cic. ; 13, to 
do, referring to another verb, me utadhuc fecistis 
andiatis (where fecistis = audivistis), Cic. II. 
Intransit., 1, to act; humaniter, bene, amice, 
Cic. ; 2, facere cum, or ab aliquo, to act on the 
side of, support, be of the same party ; contra nos, 
to be of the opposite parly, Cic. ; 3, to sacrifice; 
Junoni Sospitae, Cic; 4, to be suited for; 
Medeae faciunt ad scelus omrc manus, Ov. ; 
5, to be serviceable, advantageous to, to suit, to 
be of service ; nee caelum nee aquae faciunt nee 
terra nee aurae, Ov. (archaic rat. perf. forms, 
faxo = fecero, Verg., Ov. ; faxis, Hor.; faxit, 
ap. Liv.; faxitis, ap. Liv. ; faxint, Cic; faxitur, 
ap. Liv. The passive of facio is fio, q.v.). 

faction, a word formed from facio, in imi- 
tation of the Greek = faciendum, Cic. 

factlo -onis, f. (facio). I. a making, doing ; 
1, lit., Plant. ; 2, transf., the right of making 
or doing ; faetionem testament! non habere, tale 
incapable of making a will, Cic. II. \, apolitical 
party, faction, side ; populua paucornm faetione 
oppressus, Caes. ; trifiinta lllorum consensus 
etfactio, Cic; 2, a, a faction or party in a theatre 
or circus, Suet. ; b, the parties into which the 
charioteers in the circus were divided, Suet. 

factiosus -a -nm (factio), fond of power, 
factious ; adolescens nobilis, egens, factiosus, 
Sail. ; exsistunt in republica plcrumqne largit- 
oreset factiosi, Cic. 

factlto, I. (freq. of facio). I. to make, do 
frequently, be accustomed to make or do; verba 
compone et quasi coagmenta, quod ne Gvaeci 
quidem veteres factitaverunt, Cic. II. a, to de- 
clare openly, to make or do ; quern pnlam lieredem 
semper faetitnrat, Cic; b, to follow a trade, prac- 
tise a profession, make a trade of; RCCUSattonem, 
Cic ; delationem, Cic. ; c, to celebrate usually • 
sacrificia gentilicia illo ipso in sacello stato loco 
annirersaria, Cic 

fr.ctum -i, D. (facio), that which has been done, 
a deed, act, exploit ; bene facta, good deeds, Cic. ; 
recte facta, Liv. ; poet., facta bourn, the works of 
oxen — i.e., a ploughed field, Ov. 

faotUB -a -urn, p. adj. (facio), 1, wrought, 
worked; argentum factum, silver plate, Cic; 2, 
polished, refined (of persons) ; qui illuc. (actus 
iiistitutiisque venisset, Cic. ; homo ad unguem 
(actus, Hor. 

facula -ne, f. (dim. of fax), a little torch, Prop. 

facultas -atis, f. (Old Lat. facul = facile). 
X. A. capacity, power, ability, capability; facultas 
dicendl et copia, Cic. ; ingenii, Cic. B. Esp., 
eloquence, oratorical power; facultatis timor, 
Cic. II. A. possibility, opportunity, power, 
means; Miloni manendi nulla facultas, Cic; 



dare alicui facultatem irrideudi Stti, Cic; haberd 
effieiendi faenltatem, Cic; res milii videtur esse 
facilitate (in practice) praeclara, arte (in theory) 
inediociis, C>c ; alicui facultatem dare, offerrc, 
eoncedere with utaud the subj., Cic. B. Transf., 
a, abundance, great number; omnium reruin in 
oppido snmma facultns, Caes.; b, means, re- 
sources; gen. in plur., Cic 

faCUnde, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(facundns) ; eloquently, fluently : alloqui hnsfeni, 

Liv. 

faoundfa -ap, f. (facundns), eloquence, readi- 
ness of speech; Romae Meinini faeundia clara 
pollensque fuit, Sail. 

facundns -a -urn, adj. with compar. and 
superl. (fari), eloquent, fluent, ready oj speech; 
ingenia hominnmsunt ad suam cuique levandam 
culpam nimio plus facunda, Liv.; lingua, Hor. ; 
oratio, Sail. 

faeoula -ae, f. (dim. of faex), the tartar or 
crust of wine, used either as adrug or condiment, 
Lucr., Hor. 

Faesulae -arum, f. town. in. Ktruria, at the. 
foot of the Apennines, now b'iesole. Hence adj., 
Faesulanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Fae- 
sulae. 

faex, faecis, f. A. the dregs or refuse of any 
liquid, Lucr., Hor. ; the tartar or crust of wine, 
Hor.; the brine of pickles, Ov. B. Transf., the 
dregs, the lower orders; faex populi or plebis, 
Cic ; in Roinuli faece, Cic 

fagindus -a -inn (fagus), beechen ; frons, Ov. 

faginus -a -nm (fagus), beechen ; pocula, 
Verg. 

fagus -i, f. (<t>ny6s), the beech tree, Caes., Verg. 

fal a -ae, f. 1, a wooden tower from which mis- 
siles were thrown into a besieged city, Plant.; 2, 
one of the seven, wooden pillars on Vie spina or 
barrier of the circus, Juv. 

falarica (phalarica) -ae, f. 1, a. huge 
spear hurled with the hand, Verg. ; 2, a missile, 
covered with tow and pitch, hurled from the cata- 
putt, a brand, Liv. 

faloai'lUS -ii, m. (falx), a scythe or sicklt- 
maker ; inter falcarios, the street of the scythe- 
makers, Cic. 

falcatUS -a -urn (falx), 1, furnished with 
tcytkes ; currus, quadrigae, Liv. ; 2, scythe- 
shaped ; ensis, Ov.; sinus, a bay, Ov. 

falcifer -fBra -ffirum (falx and fero), carrying 
a scythe or sickle ; senex, Satumus, Ov. 

Falerli -Orum, m. the capital of the Falisci. 

Falernus agcr, the Falernian country, at 
the foot of Mount Massicns, in Campania. Adj., 
Falomus -a -nm, Falernian ; vites, uvae, Hor. 
Subst., Falernum -i, n. Falernian wine, Hor. 

Falisci -orum, m. a people in. Elruria. Adj., 
FaliBOUS -a -urn, Faliscan. Subst., Falis- 
cum -i, n., the territory of the, Falisci. 

fallacla -ae, f. (fallax), deceit, trick, fraud, 
artifice, craft ; sine fueo ae fallaciis, Cic. 

fallaciloquus -a -um (fallax and loqui), 
speaking falsely or deceitfully, ap. Cic 

fallaciter, adv. (fallax), deceitfully, craftily, 
fallaciously, Cic. 

fallax -lacis, adj. (fallo), deceitful, treacher- 
ous, false, fallacious ; homines, Cic; herbae non 
falliices, not disappointing the farmer, Cic; spes, 
Cic ; fallaces et captiosae interrogationcs, Cic. 

fallo, feTclli, falsum, ?,. (oyiiAAa>). I. to make 
to slip; glacies fal 1 i t pedes, Liv. II. Transf., 
a, to make, invisible; signa sequendi, Verg.; 
longe fallens sagitta, coming unnoticed from afar, 
Verg.; aetas labitur occulte fallitque, glides tm- 



fal 



217 



far 



noticed, Ov.; b, to make ineffective, to drive away, 
beguile; iufandum amorem, Verg.; curani vino 
ct somno, Ov. ; c, to break a promise, etc. ; 
foedus ae fidern, Liv. ; (idem hosti datani, Cic. ; 
d, to escape the notice of, be concealed from ; cus- 
todias, Liv.; non fefellere insidiae, Liv.; ali- 
ciuem fallit or non fallit, with ace. and infin., 
Cic. ; aliquem non fallit quin, Caes. ; esp. (like 
Or. \av8ivui) withapartic., liostis fallit incedens, 
comes unnoticed, Liv. ; e, to lead astray, to de- 
ceive ; pass., falloras middle, to make a mistake ; 
fallere alicuius spem or opinionem, Cic. ; fallit 
me tempus, dies, / am mistaken in, Cic. ; nisi 
i nc forte fallo, Cic. ; non in sortitione failure, 
Cic; si fallo (in oaths), if I do not keep my word, 
Cic.; impers., me fallit, / am mistaken, err; 
quantum uos fefellerit, vides, Cic; pass., potest 
fieri ut fallar, / may be mistaken, Cic. 

false, adv. (falsus), falsely, Cic. 

falsiparens -entis (falsus and parens), 
having a putative father; Aniphitryoniades, 
Hercules, Cat. 

falso, adv. (falsus), falsely, wrongly, errone- 
ously, untruly, Cic. 

falsus -a -uni, p. adj. (from fallo). I. invented, 
feigned, false, untrue, spurious, made up ; gaudi- 
um, Cic. ; Caesaris commentarii, Cic. ; voculae, 
falsetto, Cic. ; ora non falsa, genuine, Ov. Subst., 
falsum -i, n. an untruth, something false, a lie; 
ad te falsum scripseram, Cic. ; falsum jurare, 
Cic; falso, adv., falsely, Cic. II. deceitful, false, 
hypocritical; in amore, Tac ; lingua, Ov. Subst., 
falsum -i, n., a, deceit, hypocrisy, Tac; b, tela 
in falsum jacere, at random, Tac. 

falx, falcis, f. 1, a scythe, sickle, bUl-hook, 
prnning-hook, Cic. ; 2, a sickle-shaped implement 
of war, used for tearing down stockades, etc., Caes. 

fama -ae, f. (fari). I. talk, tradition, a re- 
port, rumour, intelligence, unauthenticated news; 
nulla adhuc fama venerat, Cic. ; fama est, there 
is a rumour, Liv. ; fama emergit, Cic ; fama 
nuntiabat, Cic. ; fama manat, foil, by ace. and 
infin. ; fama aceipere, to liear by rumour, Caes. ; 
personif., Fama, a goddess, daughter of Terra, 
Verg. II. the opinion of the crowd, public 
opinio)!.. A. contra famam opinionemque om- 
nium, Cic; fama popularis, popular favour, Cic; 
bona fama, good opinion, Cic; mala fama, Sail. ; 
fama sapientiae, Cic B, reputation ; 1, good 
name; famae consulere, Cic; famam sororis 
defendere, Cic; 2, evil reputation; moveri fama, 
Verg. 

famatus -a -urn (fama), having an ill repida- 
tion, Cic (?). 

famelicus -a -urn (fames), suffering hunger, 
hungry, famished ; armenta, Juv. 

fames -is, f. hunger. I. Gen., A. Lit., cibi 
condimentum esse fameiii, Cic; aliqua re fameiii 
tolerare, Caes. ; aliqua re famem depellere, to 
satisfy, Cic; explere, Cic; famem ab ore civium 
propulsare, Liv. B. Transf., 1, insatiable de- 
sire; auri sacra fames, Verg.; 2, poverty of ex- 
pression ; .je.junitas et fames, Cic. II. famine, 
time of famine; in fame frunientum exportare, 
Cic. 

familia -ae (-as after the words pater, 
mater, filius, filia), f. (from root FAM, whence 
famulus). I. a household of slaves, household ; a, 
familiam intelligamus, quae constet ex servis 
pluribus, Cic. ; emere earn familiam a Catone, 
Cic. ; b, a band of gladiators ; gladiatoria, Sail. ; 
comparare familiam, Cic. ; familiam ducere, to 
be at the head, to take the first place, Cic. ; c, the 
dependents, vassals of a noble, Caes.; d, the slaves 
of a temple. II. Transf., A. the entire household 
or family; hence, paterfamilias, the head of the 
llWiehohl pr family; rnaterfainilias, a married 



woman who had passed in manum viri, or an 
unmarried woman whose fattier was dead, Cic. ; 
filiusfamilias, the son still under his father's 
power, Cic B. a family ; 1, lit, a, in a wide 
sense, root (syn. with gens) ; familiam unaui (sc. 
gentem Claudia'.n) subissc civitatis onus, Liv. ; 
b, in a narrower sense, a family, as a subdivi- 
sion of a gens ; Laeliorum et Muciorum familiae, 
Cic; 2, transf., sect ; tota Peripateticoruni, Cic. 

familiaris -t (familia). L belonging to th& 
slaves of a house, Plaut. Subst., famlllarls 
-is, in., a servant., plur., the servants in a house, 
Liv. II. belonging or relating to a family or 
household. A. Lit., a, belonging to a household; 
lares, Cic. ; copiae, Liv. ; res familiaris ; (a) the 
household, Liv. ; (p) property, Cic. ; b, belonging 
to a family ; funus, a death in the family, Cic. 
B. Transf., a, with couipar. and super!., known 
in the house or family, intimate, friendly; 
biduo (actus est milii familiaris, Cic. ; subst., 
familiaris -is, m. a friend ; so familiaris -is, f., 
a female friend; cxclamat familiaris tua, Cic ; 
of things, ordinary, familiar, coitfideutial ; sermo, 
Cic; aditus familiarior, Liv.; b,t. t. of augury, 
fissuni familiare or pars familiaris, the part of 
the entrails relating to the j^ersons sacrificing, 
Cic, Liv. 

familiarltas -atis, f. (familiaris), 1, con- 
fidential friendship, intimacy, familiarity; in 
alicuius familiaritatem venire or intrare, or se 
dare, Cic; mihi cum aliquo familiaritas est pr 
intcrcedit, Cic; 2, meton., familiar friends ; e 
praecipua familiaritate Xeronis, Tac. 

f amillariter, adv. with compar. and superi 
(familiaris), confidentially, familiarly, intimately: 
familiariter cum aliquo vivere, Cic. 

famosus -a -uni. ad }. with compar. and superi. 
(fama). I. Pass., a, in a good sense, much spoken 
of, renowned; urbs (of Jerusalem), .Tac; mors, 
Hor. ; b, in a bad sense, infamous, notorious ; 
si qua erat famosa, Cic. II. Act., libellous, de- 
famatory ; versus, VIor. ; libelli, Tac. 

famul, familia, v. famulus. 

familiaris -e (famulus), relating or belonging 
to servants or slaves ; vestis, Cic; jura famularia 
dare, to make slaves, Ov. 

famulatus -us, m. (famulor), service, scrvi- 
hide, slavery, Cic. ; transf., quam miser virtutis 
famulatus servientis voluptati, Cic. 

famulor, 1. dep. (famulus), to be a servant, 
to serve any one, Cic. ; alicui, Cat. 

famulus -a -um (root FAM), serving, servile; 
vertex, Ov. Subst, a, famulus -i, m. a serv- 
ant, slave; of a man, Cic.; of a deity, Cic; 
ante-class, form, famul, Lucr. ; b, f&mula 
-ae, f. a female slave, handmaid; Verg., Ov. ; 
transf., virtus famula fortunae est, Cic. 

fanaticus a -um (fanum), inspired by a 
deity, enthusiastic, raving. A. Lit., of persons', 
Galii fanatici, Liv. ; isti philosoplii superstitiosi 
et paene fanatici, Cic. B. Transf. of things, 
vaticinantes carmine fanatico, Liv. ; fanaticus 
error, Hor. 

Fannius -a -um, name of a Soman gens, of 
which the most famous were C. Fannius, an his- 
torian, and his uncle, C. Fannius, an orator, con- 
temporaries of Scipio Aemilianus. Hence adj., 
Fannianus -a -um, of or relating to Fannius. 

fanum -i, n. (fari). I. a, a place solemnly 
consecrated to a god, Cic; b, a temple with the 
land round it, a holy place ; in sing, generally 
with the name of the doity, Apollinis, Cic. ; fana 
spoliare, Cic. II. Proper name, Fanum -i, n. 
toivn on the coast of Umbria, now Fano. 

far, farris, n. I. Lit, spelt (triticum spelta, 
Ljnn.), farrjs seges, J4v. ; farris ae«miS, Verg. 



far 



213 



fat 



II. Tran&f., a, meal; percontor quanta olus ct 
far, Hor. ; esp. as used in sacrifices, far piuui, 
Hor. ; b, bread ; una farris libra, Hor. 

farcio, farsi, fartum, 4. (root FAKC, Or. 
*PAF, $ pay-111 m, (pparrto), to fill full, stuff full ; 
pulvinus rosa fartus, Cie. 

Farfarus, v. Fabaris. 

farina -ae, f. (far), meal, flour, Plin. ; hence, 
dvst or jmeder of any kind, Plin. ; tig., nostrae 
fnrinne, of our Jcind or sort, Pets. 

farinarius -a -um (farina), relating to meal, 
made of meal, Plin. 

farraceus (-lus)-a-uin(far), ofov belonging 
to spelt, Plin. 

farrago -Tuis, f. (far), 1, mixed fodder for 
cattle, Vcrg.; 2, transf., a medley, mixture; nostri 
libclli, Juv. 

farrarius -a -um (far), relating to spelt or to 
grain generally, Cato. 

farratUS -a -uin (far), 1, provided with grain, 
Pels.; 2, made of corn ; neut. plur. subst,, far- 
rata, porridge, Juv. 

farreus -a -um (far), made of spelt or corn 
generally. Subst., farreum -i, n. o sjielt-o.'ke. 
Plin. 

fartor-oris, m. (farcio), afaitener of fowls, Hor. 

fartum -i, n. anil fartus -us, in. (farcio), the 
stuffing, the inside, Plin. 

fas, n. hidecl. (root FA, Gr. #A-n, whence 
also fari, latum), something spoken. I. divine 
law and right (opp. jus, hitman tail) avd right), 
divine command; jus ac fas oiniic delere, Cic; 
contra jus fasque, Cic; personif., audi Juppiter, 
auditc lines, audict fas, Liv. II. A. Gen., that 
which is allowed, permitted, lawful, right (opp. 
nefas) ; per oinne fas et nefas aliquem sequi, 
Liv. : fas est, it is allowed, is lawful; quod aut 
per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret, Cic; 
si fas est, with infin., Cic. ; with supins, si 
hoc fas est dictu, Cie. ; fas est or non fas est, 
with infin., Cic; fas putare, with infin., Cacs. 
B. fate, destiny ; fas obstat, Verg. ; fas est, with 
infin. or ace. and inlin. ; si caderc fas est, if I 
am destined to fall, Ov. 

fascia -ae, f. a bandage, band. I. Lit., 1, a 
surgical bandage, Cic; 2, esp., a, a woman's 
girdle, Ov. ; b, a bed-girth, Cic. II. Tiansf, a 
streak of cloud in the sky, Juv. 

fasciculus -i, in. (dim. of fascis), a little 
bundle or jxwkct ; epistolaruvn, Cic ; libroruni, 
Hor.; floruni, a nosegay, Cic. 

fascino, 1. (JiavKaivw), to bewitch; agn^s, 
Verg. 

fascinum -i, n. and fascinus -i, m. 
(^do-Kavov). I. on enchanting, bewitching, Plin. 
II. = meinbrmn virile, Hor. 

fascidla -ae, f. (dim. of fascia), a little band- 
age, Hor. ; purpureae fasciolae, bandages round 
the ankle worn by women, Cic 

fasois -is, m. a bundle, packet. I. Gen., 
sarmentoiinn, Liv. ; ego hoc te fasce levabo, 
Verg. II. Esp., plur. A. Lit., fasces, bundles 
of sticks with an axe projecting, carried by lictors 
beforethe chief Raman magistrates; fasces praeferre, 
Liv. ; habere, Cic ; dare alicui fasces, the con- 
sulate, Cie. ; summittere fasces, to lower as a, sign 
of respect, Liv.; lig., alicui, to yield the preference 
to, Cic; demissi populo fasces, lowered before the 
people, Cic. B. Mcton., high office, esp. the con- 
sulate, Verg., Hor. 

faselus, faseolus, etc. = phaselus, etc. 

(rj.V.). 

fasti -orum, m., v. fastus -a -um. 
fastldio -ivi -itnm, 4. (fastidium), to loathe, 
feel distaste or disgust. I. Lit., of physical loath- 



ing, olus, Ilor. ; omnia praeter pavonem rhom- 
bumque, Hor. II. Transf, to be averse to, dis- 
like, loathe; etiam in rectc factis saepe fasti- 
dinnt, Cic; pieces alicuius, Liv.; with infin., 
no fastidieris nos in sacerdotum numeruni ac- 
cipere, Liv.; with ace. and intin., est aliquis, 
qui se iuspici, aestimari fastidiat, Liv. 

fastidiose, adv. with conipar. (fastidiosus), 
l,with loathing, dislike; huicegojam stoinachans 
fastidiose, iiumo ex Sicilia, iuquani, Cic, ; 2, a, 
fastidiously, daintily; quam diligeuter et quam 
paene fastidiose judicamus, Cic. ; b, disdain- 
fully, contemptuously ; fastidiosius ad hoc genus 
sennonis accederc, Cic. 

fastidiosus a -um, adj. with compar. and 
supcrl. (fastidium), full of loathing. I. feeling, 
loathing. A. hit., squeamish, Varr. B. Transf., 
a, sick of, disgusted with, impatient of; with 
genit., Latinarum (littcrarum), Cic; terrae, 
Hor.; b, esp., nice, dainty, fastidious ; Antonius 
facilis in causis recipiendis erat, fastidiosior 
Crassus, sed tanien recipiebat, Cic ; c, contemptu- 
ous, disdainful, Plin. II. causing loathing, dis- 
gusting, ioaiksomc, Hor. 

fastidium -ii, n. (FAST-idium, of same 
root as 1. fastus), loathing. I. Lit., the loath- 
ing of food ; cibi satietas ct fastidium, Cic. 
II. Transf., A. dislike, aversion, disgust; dom- 
estiearum rerum, Cic. B. a, fastidiousness, 
hyper-criticism, fault-finding ; delicatissimum, 
Cie. ; audiendi, Cic. ; b, scorn, haughtiness, 
pride; fastidium et superbia, fastidium arro- 
gantiaqne, fastidium et contumacia, Cic. ; fas- 
tidium alicuius non posse ferre, Cic. 

fastigate, adv. (fastigatus), slantingly, Caes. 

fastigatus -a -um, partic. of fastigo. 

fastigium -ii, n. (FAST -igium, connected 
with a-<f)Aoo-Tor). I. a. slope, declivity, descent ; 
ab oppido locus tenui fastigio vergebat, Caes. 
II. the extremity, either above or below. A. Lit., 
1, above, height; a, gen., bright, summit; pari 
altitudinis fastigio, Caes.; b, esp., the summit 
of a roof; both, (a) the whole of the roof, Cic. ; 
and (fi) the gable end, pediment; fastigium Capi- 
tolii, Cic ; operi inchoato, prope tanien abso- 
luto, tamquam fastigium imponere, )"<t the lost- 
touch to, Cic. ; 2, below, depth, Cats. B. Transf., 
1, dignity, rank, position; dictaturac altius 
fastigium, Liv. ; 2, principal point (in writing) ; 
snnima sequar fastigia rerum, Verg. 

fastigo, 1. (fastigium), to sharpen to a point, 
a, upwards, collis est in moduli! metae in 
acutum cacumen a fundo satis la to fastigatus, 
Liv.; b, toslopc down, only in partic, fastigatus ; 
collis leniter fastigatus, Cacs. 

fastoSUS -a -um (fastus), proud, haughty, 
Mart, 

1. fastus -us, m. pride, haughtiness, arrog- 
ance; stirpis Achilleae fastus (plur.), Verg.; 
fastu crga patrias epulas, Tac. 

1. fastus -a -um (root FA, Gr. *A-w, whence 
fatum, <f>d<xKin, 4>nt'i), dies fastus, gen. plur. dies 
fasti, or simply fasti, the days on which the 
praetor eonW administer justice (opp. nefasti) ; 
ille dies nefastus erit, per quern tria verba (do, 
dico, addico) silentur ; fastus erit per quern 
lege licebit agi, Ov. ; a list of these days, with the 
festivals, magistrates, chief events, etc, the Hom<:u 
calendar; fasti memoirs, Hor. ; a poetical form 
of this calendar composed by Ovid; fasti con- 
sulares or magistratuum, a list of the highest 
magistrates cd Rome from the earliest times, Cic 

fatalis -e (fatum), relating to destiny or fair. 
I. a, fated, destined by fate ; ncccssitas, Cic. ; 
annus ad interitum huius urbis fatalis, Cic. ; b, 
fateful, connected with the fate of a person or 
thing; pignora, Vie Palladium, Ov. ; libri, tht 



fat 



219 



fax 



Sibylline bodies, Liv. ; bellum, Cic ; deae, the 
fates, Ov. II. In a bad sense, deadly, fatal; 
teluin, Verg. ; jaculum, Ov. 

fataliter, adv. (falalis), according to fate or 
destiny; definitum esse, Cic. 

fatcor, fassus sum, 2. dep. (root FA-, Gr. 
$A-w, whence also t'ari, cfrnTifw), 1, to confess, ad- 
mit, allow; verum, Cic. ; de facto turpi ; with ace. 
and infill., si nnis se nmici causa fecissefateatur, 
Cic; 2, to discover, make known; iram vultuj- 
Ov. (pass. , qui (ager) publicus esse fateatur, Cic.). 

faticanus -a -uni and faticmus -a -mn 
(fatum and cano), prophetic, Ov. 

fatidicus -a -mn (fatum and dico), announc- 
ing fate, prophesying, prophetic; vates, Verg.; 
anus, Cie. ; subst., a sootlisayer, Cic. 

fatifer -fgra -ferum (fatum and fero), death- 
bringing, deadly, fatal ; arcus, Verg. 

fatigatio -onis, f. (fatigo), weariness, fatigue; 
cum fatigatione equorum atque lioininuin, Liv. 

fatigo. 1. (perhaps connected with fatis, 
whence also affatim). I. to weary, tire, fatigue; 
cervos jaculo cursuque, Verg. ; se atroci pugnil, 
Liv. ; itinera, niagno aestu fatigati, Caes. II. 
Trausf., to vex, harass. A. Of the body, verbcri- 
bus, tonncntis, igni fatigati, Cic. B. Of the 
inind, 1, aninmm, Sail.; se, Sail.; qui punit 
aliquem aut verbis fatigat, Cic; 2, esp., to tease, 
worry with entreaties, etc.; aliquem precibus, 
Liv.; Vestam prece, Hor. 

fatiloquus -a -urn (fatuin and loqui), an- 
nouncing fate, prophetic. Subst., a prophet, pro- 
phetess; Carmenta mater . . . quam fatiloquain 
miratae hae gentes fuerant, Liv. 

fatis -is, f. whence ace. fatim, sufficiently, 
post-Aug. •" 

fatisco, 3. and fatiscor, 3. dep. foarew, 
XaTio-xw), 1, to chink, gape, crack, open, part 
asunder; naves rimis fatiscunt, Verg.; 2 to 
become weak, droop, decrease; seditio fatis'cit, 
lac. ; dum copia fatiscunt, Tac. 

fatiiltas -at '.s, f. (fatuus), foolishness, sim- 
plicity, Cic 

fatum -i, vi. (for, fari), an utterance. I. the 
expressed will of a god, prophecy, prediction; fata 
S.byllina, Cic II. l, destiny, fate, the ap- 
pointed order of the world, the fate, lot, or destiny 
of man; omnia fato fieri, Cic. ; fato rerum pru- 
dentia major, Verg.; alicui fatum est, withinlin , 
Lie; alieumsor alicui fatum est, with ace and 
infill., Cic; fuit hoc sive meum sive rei pub- 
lieae fatum ut, etc., Cic ; the will of a god; sic 
ata Jovis poscuut, Verg. ; and personif., Fata, 
theParcae or Fates, Prop.; 2, a, the natural term 
ojlife ; maturius exstingui quam fato suo, Cic ; 
fato cedere, Liv. ; fato fungi, Ov. ; fato obire, to 
die a natural death, Tac ; fata proferre, to pro- 
long life, Verg.; b, misfortune, ruin, calamity; 
impendet fatum aliquod, Cic; meton., a cause 
■oj calamity or destruction; duo ilia reipublicae 
pacne j'ata, Gabinius et Piso, Cic. 

fatuus -a -uni, foolish, idiotic, fatuous; a 
of persons, puer, Cic. ; fatuus et aniens es, Cic 
Subst., fatuus -i, m. a fool, idiot, Cat.'; b, of 
things, foohsh, insipid, perverse; primas illas 
rabiosulas (litteras) sat fatuas dedisti, Cie. 

Faunus -i, in. (root FAV-, faveo), a mythic 
king of Latium, revered as a god of woods and 
tields; subsequently identified with Pan ; hence 
Fauni = forest gods, Ov. 

fauste, adv. (faustus), happily, fortunately ; 
jvenire, Cic. J ' 

faustltas -fttis, f. (faustus), prosperity; ver- 
BOinf. as a goddess of the fields, Hor. 

Faustujus, -i, m. (root FAV-, whence fans- 



In.'-), myth., the herdsman of the Alban 
Amtdius, who saved and brought up Romulus i 
Remus. 

faustus -a -um (root FAV-, faveo). I. bring- 
ing luck ov good fortune, fortunate, lucky, auspici- 
ous; dies faustus alicui, Cic. II. As a proper 
name, Faustus, a Roman surname ; L. Corn. 
Sulla Faustus, son of the dictator Sulla ; Fausta, 
daughter of the dictator Sulla, wife of Milo. 

fautor -oris, in. (urig. favitor, from faveo), a 
favourer, protector, patron, promoter; dignitatis, 
Cic; bonorum, Liv.; a.\>90l.,dnapplaiider, Hor. 

fautrix -tricis, f. (fautor), a favourer, pro- 
tector, promoter; voluptatum, (Jic .; regio suorum 
fautrix, Cic. 

faux, faucis, f. (usually plur. fauces -mm, 
r.}. I. Lit., the jaws, gullet, throat; arente fauce, 
Hor.; sitis urit fauces, Hor.; fig., quum inox- 
plebiles populi fauces exarueruut libertatis siti 
Cic. ; Catilina cum exercitu faueibus urguet, it 
at our throats, Sail. ; quum faueibus prenieretur, 
when the knife was at his throat, Cic. ; premit 
fauces defensionis tuae, strangles, makes impos- 
sible, Cic; urbeni ex belli ore ac faueibus orep- 
fcam esse, Cic II. Trausf., only in plur!;' 1, 
jaws, chasm; pateiactis terrae faueibus, Cic; 
2, entrance; portus, Caes.; maeelli, Cic; 3 
a narrow pass, defile; angustae, Liv.; artee, 
lac; Etrunae, Cic; 4, a, isthmus, neck of land; 
artao fauces (rsthmi), Liv. ; Graeelae, Cic ; b. 
straits; Hellesponti, Liv. 

faveo, favi, fautmn, 2. I. to favour, be 
favourable or inclined to, help, protect ; with dat 
of person or party, faveas tu hosti, Cic. ; si tibi 
dei favent, Cat. ; favere suis, Cic. ; with dat. of 
thing, favere enim pietati lideique deos, Liv.; 
favere et reipublicae et dignitati ac gloriae 
ahemus, Cic ; isti sententiae, Cic ; impels., 
non modo non invidetur illi aetati, verum etiain 
favetur, Cic; with pro and the abl., or contra 
and the acc.hac pro parte, Ov.; qui Parthorum 
quoque contra Romanum noinen gloriae favent, 
Liv. ; with ace. and iiifin., Ov. ; with neut. ace 
(as regards), quod quideni ego favisse me tibi 
fateor, Cic. ; absol., dum favet nox et Venus, 
Hor. ; multitude audiens favet, odit, Cic. 
IL Esp., to favour with the mouth, heart, etc., 
hence to be silent, favete Unguis, Cic. ; orefavete, 
Verg., be silent; absol., celebrate faventes, Verg. 

favilla -ae, f. (faveo), glowing ashes, esp. the 
still glowing ashes of the dead; reliquias vino et 
bibulain lav ere fa villain, Verg. 

favitor -oris, m.= fautor (q.v.). 

favomus -li, m. the west wind or zephyr which 
blew at the beginning of spring, Cic. 

favor -5 ris, m. (faveo). I. favour, goodwill, 
partiality, inclination; with subject, genit., 
populi, Cic. ; with object, genit., nominis, Liv. ; 
with in and the ace, Liv. ; amplecti aliquem 
lavorc, Liv. ; in favorem alicuius venire, Liv. 
II. Esp., a, attention at a religious ceremony; 
pium praestare et mente et voce favorem, Ov. ; 
b, applause at the theatre, approbation, acclama- 
tion; quod studium et quern favorem in scenam 
attulit Panurgus, Cic. 

favorabilis -e, adj. with compar. (favor), in 
favour, pip.lar, beloved, pleasing; pratio, Tac. 

favus -i, m. a Iwneycomb ; flngere favos, Cic; 
poet., favos dilue Baccho, lioney, Verg. 

fax, fads, f. a torch. I. A. Lit., faces In- 
cidere Liv. ; faces nuptiales, Cic. ; a funeral 
torch, Cic. ; a fire-brand ; faces incendere, Cic ; 
fig., ems omnium incendiorum fax, Antonius, 
'■<<■.: attribute of Cupid and the Furies, Ov 



verg. B. Fig., 1, gen., faces aicondi, fiery elo~ 
iw-rte, Cic. ; alicui ad libidjneni faceni praeferre, 



lax 



220 



leu 



nislcrto, Cic. ; facem bello proeferre, to kindle 
., flame of war, Tac. ; ino torret face mutuit 
Jalais, with the flame of love, Hor ; 2, csp., that 
which provokes or causes, the author: subjicere 
laces invidiae alicuius, Cic. II. Transf., 1, the 
light of the moon; crescentcm face Noctilucam, 
Hor. ; 2, a fiery meteor, shooting star, etc. ; faces 
caelestes or caeli, Cic. 
faxlm, faxo = fecerim, fecero, v. facio. 

fobrioiila -ae, f. (dim. of febris), o slight 
fever, fevcrishness ; febricula incipit, Cic. ; feb- 
riculam habere, Cic. 

febrlculosus -a -urn (febricula), feverish, 
Cat. 

febris -is, f., ace. -cm or -im, abl. -e or -i (for 
ferbis, from fervco), fever ; in febrim subito in- 
cidere, Cic; febrim habere, Cic; febri carere, 
Cic; Romam venissc cum febre, Cic; Febris per- 
sonif. as a goddess, with three temples in Rome. 

februarius -a -urn (februus, februo, to purify), 
relating to cleansing; a, nieiisis Februarius or 
simply Februarius, the cleansing month (so called 
because of the purificatory sacrifices in its second 
half), up to 450 B.C. the last month of the year, 
in the time of Cicero the second ; b, belonging 
to the month February ; Kalendae Februariae, the 
let of February, Cic. 

febrtius -a -um, purifying (in the religious 

sense) ; subst. fibruum -i, n. a means of reli- 

giovs purification; hence, Febriia -orum, n. 
the feast of purification held by the Romans at the 
end of February. 
facialis = fetialis (q.v.). 

fecundltas -atis, f. (fecuudus), frnltfulness, 
fecundity. I. Lit., a, of persons, mulieris, Cic; 
b, of the earth, aquarum lnductionibus terris 
fecunditatem damns, Cic. ; c, of the intellect, 
volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas, Cic. 
II. Transf., atom r/ance, Plin. 

focunio, 1. (fecundus), to fructify, fertilise; 
viridem Aegyptum nigra arena, Verg. 

fecundus -a -um, p. adj. with cotupar. and 
superl. (FE-o, whence fetus, femina, femis), 
fruitful, prolific. L A. Lit., terra, Cic; conjux, 
Hor. B. Fig., rich, abounding in ; with genit., 
saecula fecunda culpae, Hor. ; with abl., gens 
inter accolas latrociniis fecunda, Tac. II. 
Transf., 1, abundant, full, plentiful; quaestus, 
Cic. ; calices, Hor. ; with abl. (specus) uberibus 
fecundus aquis, Ov. ; 2, making fruitful; fe- 
cundae verbera dextrae, Ov. 

fel, fellis, n. the gall, the gall-bladder. A. Gen., 

I, lit., fel gallinaceum, Cic; 2, fig., a, bitterness, 
Tib.; b, anger; atruin fel, Verg. B. Esp., the 
venom of a serpent; vipereo spicula telle linuut, 
Ov. 

leles (faeles) -is, and fells (faelis) -is, 
f. a cat, Cic. 

felicitas -Stis, f. (felix). I. fertility, Plin. 

II. Transf., a, happiness, felicity, good fortune, 
success : perpetua qu.idam felicitate usus ille 
excessit e vita, Cic. ; plur., incredibiles felici- 
tates, Cic. ; personif., Felicitas, Good Fortune as 
o goddess, with a temple in Rome ; b, success, 
esp. in war ; Helvetlorum, Caes. 

feliclte'r, adv. (felix), 1, fruitfully; illic 
veniunt fclicius uvae, Verg.; 2, happily; a, 
vivere, navigare, Cic. ; b, in a wish, auspici- 
ously, favourably ; prccatus sum ut ea res mihi, 
populo plebique Romanae bene atque feliciter 
eveniret, Cic. ; c, good luck! felicitor velim, Cic. 

fells = feles (q.v.). 
. felix -Icis (root FE-o, cf. fecundus). I. frv. it- 
fid, fertile ; arbor, Liv. ; regio, Ov. II. A. for- 
Hnote, favourable, propitious, lucky; 1, gen,, 



Sulla feliuissimus omnium, Cic. ; with genit., 
cerebri, Hor.; with ad and the ace, ad casum 
fortunamqne felix, Cic; with abl., morte felix, 
Verg.; with abl. gerund., tain felix vobis cor- 
rumpendis fnit, Liv. ; with in and the abl. 
gerund., si minus felices in diligCndo fuissemus, 
Cic. ; with ab and the abl., ille Graccus ab omiii 
laiule felicior, Cic. ; with inlin., felicior ungere 
tela liianu, Verg. ; Felix, the Lucky One, sur- 
name of Hulla., Liv.; 2. csp., a. rich; tain felix 
esse, Ov. ; b, successful; seditio, Liv.; anna, 
Verg. B. Act., a, bringing good luck; omen, 
Ov. ; so the formula, quod bonum, faustum, 
felix - fortunatumque sit, Cic. ; b, blessed with 
healing power ; malum, Verg.; c, making joyful ; 
poina, Ov. ; d, making fruitful ; limus, Verg. 

femella -ac, f. .(dinu of femina), a young 
uvman, a girl, Cat. 

femen = femur (q.v.). 

femina -ae, f. (root FE-o, cf. fecundus), lit., 
any female animal that bears young; a, of human 
beings, a woinan, Cic; b, of animals, the female; 
porcus femina, Cic. 

femineus -a -um (femina), 1, relating to a 
woman, female, feminine; calendae, the 1st oj 
March, when the Moironnliawere celebrated, Juv.: 
curae iraeque, Verg. ; 2, womanish, effeminate; 
amor, Verg. ; fuga, Ov. 

femur -8ris or (from femen) -inis, n. (FE-o, 
cf. fecundus), the iippcr part of the leg, the 
thigh, Cic. ; femur utrumque, Caes. 

fenHbris -e (fenus), relating to interest; 
leges, Liv. 

fen^ratio -ouis, f. (fenero), lending at in- 
terest, usury, Cic. 

fonerator -oris, m. (fenero), one who lends 
money at interest, money-lender, usurer ; fenerator 
acerbissiinus, Cic. 

fenero (faenero), 1. (fenus), to lend money 
at interest ; lie feuerare liceret, Liv. 

ieneror (faene>or), l. dep. (fenus), to lend 
money at interest; pecuniani binis centesimis, 
at twenty-four per cent, per annum, Cic; pro- 
vincias, to despoil by usury, Cic. ; llg., benelicium, 
to trade in, Cic. 

fdnestella -ae, f. (dim. of fenestra), a little 
opening, (porta) Fenestolla, a little gate in Rome. 

fenestra -ac, f. (connected with (/><uVcu), a, 
a window, Cic; b, an opening ; lato dedit ore 
fenestram, Verg.; esp., a loophole for shooting; 
fenestras ad tormenta inittenda in struendo 
reliquerunt, Caes. 

feneus -a -um (fenum), made of hay ; homines, 
men of straw, Cic. 

fenlcularius -a -um (feniculum), belonging 
to fennel; hence Fenicularius campus, a dis- 
trict in Spain, Cic. 

feniculum -i, n. fennel, Plant. 

fenilia -him, n. plur. (fenum), n hoy-loft, Verg. 

feniseca -ae, m. (fenum and seco), a mower; 
transf., a countryman, Pcrs. 

fenum (faenum, foenum) -i, n. (root 
FE-o), hay; fenum alios esse oportere, must eat. 
hay, i.e., be dolts, Cic. ; prow, fenum habet in 
cornu, he is dangerous (the horns of vicious 
cattle were bound with hay), Hor. 

fenus (faenus) -oris, n. (root FE-o), lit,, 
th«t which is produced. I. interest of money; 
pecuniani alicui dare fenore, to lend at interest, 
Cic; pecuniani accipere fenore, to borrow, Liv. ; 
pecuniani occupare grandi fenore, to invest, Cic. 
II. Meton., 1, debt, indebtedness ; fenore obrni, 
mersum esse, laborare, Liv.; 2, capital; duas 
fenoris partes in agris collocare, Tac; 3, usury; 
fpliprfl trucidare patriinonjujn or plcbrm, Cje, 



fer 



221 



far 



fSra -ae, f. v. ferns. 

feraciter, adv. with compar. (ferax), fruit- 
fully; velut ab stirpibus laetius feraciusque 
renata urbs, Liv. 

feralia -e (root FER, whence also Feronia, 
in-fer-nus). I. relating to the dead, funereal ; 
cnpressus, Verg. ; tempus or dies, = feralia, 
Ov. Subst., feralia -iuni, n., a, the festival of 
the dead on the 10th of February, Cic. ; b, things 
relating to the dead or to burial, Tac. II. Transf., 
death-bringing, deadh/, fatal ; dona, Ov. ; annus, 
Tac 

ferax -acis (fero), fruitful, fertile, prolific. 

A. Lit., agri, Cic; with genit., Iberia ferax 
venenorum, Hor. ; with abl., feracior uvis, Ov. ; 

B. Transf., nullus feracior in philosophia locus 
est quiun de officiis, Cic. ; with genit., ilia aetate 
qua nulla virtutum feracior fuit, Liv. 

fer beo = ferveo (q.v.). 

ferculum and fericulum -i, n. (fero), a 
litter, bier, tray ; a, for carrying the spolia 
opima and the trophies at a triumph, Liv. ; b, 
for carrying the images of the gods in proces- 
sions, Cic. ; c, for bringing in dishes ; hence, 
meton., a course, Prop. 

fere, adv. (root FER-o), almost, nearly. A. 
Gen., totius fere Galliae legati, Caes. ; oiunes 
fere, Cic. ; a, esp. with expression denoting 
time, quinta fere hora, Cic. ; eadem fere hora 
qua veni, about the same hour, Cic. ; b, with 
negatives, scarcely, hardly ; aetates vestrae nihil 
aut non fere multum differunt, Cic. B.=- sem- 
per fere, nearly ahvays, usually; tit enim fere nt, 
etc., Cic. ; with a negative, seldom, Cic. 

ferentarins -ii, m (fero), a light-armed 
soldier who fought with missiles, Sail. 

Ferentinum -i, n. I. a town of the Hernici 
on the Via Latina, now Ferento; adj., a, F6r- 
entinus -a •urn, Ferentine; caput aquae Fer- 
entinae, or simply caput Ferentinum, the source 
of a stream running near Ferentinum, Liv. ; 
subst., Ferentina -ae, f. a goddess of Ferent- 
inum ; b. Ferentinas -atis, Ferentine. II. a 
town in Etruria, now Ferentino. 

Feretrlus -Ii, in. (feretrum, fero), a sur- 
name of Jupiter, to whom the spolia opima were 
dedicated, Liv. 

feretrum -i, n. (fero), a bier for carrying a 
corpse to the grave, Ov., Verg. 

feriae -arum, f. for fesiae, same root as fes- 
tus, days of rest, holidays. I. Lit., novendiales, 
Cic. ; ferias agere, Liv. II. Transf., rest, Hor. 

feriatus -a -um, p. adj. (from ferior), keeping 
holiday, idle, unoccupied, disengaged, at leisure; 
deus feriatus torpet, Cic. ; with ab, feriatus a 
negotiis publicis, Cic. 

fericulum = ferculum (q.v.). 

ferinus -a -um (ferns), relating to a wt(d 
beast, wild; caro, Sail.; vellera, Ov. Subst., 
ferina -ae, f. flesh of wild animals, game, 
Verg. 

ferlo, 4. to strike, knock, beat, hit, smite. I. 
A. Lit., inurum arietibus, Sail.; frontem, Cic; 
ferire mare, to row, Verg. ; absol., contra ferire, 
Sail. ; ferit sidera vertice, reaches to the stars, 
Hor. B, Transf., to hit; mult a patent in 
eorum vita quae fortuna feriat, influences, Cic; 
medium ferire, to keep the middle of the road, 
Cic. II. 1, to strike dead, slay, kill ; host-em, 
Sail.; humilem agnam, Hor.; and hence, foedus, 
to make a treaty (because a sow was then slain), 
Cic. ; 2, to cut in pieces ; stricto retinacula ferro, 
Verg. ; 3, to bring out, utter; verba palato, Hor. 
(syncop. imperf. feribant, Ov.). 

ferior, 1. (feriae), to keep holiday. Van - . 



feritaa -atls, f. (ferus), wildness, stvageness ; 
hoininis, Cic; leonus, Ov.; loci, Ov. 

ferme, adv. (superl. of fete = ferime), almost, 
nearly, within a little. X. haec ferme gesta, Liv. ,' 

a, of numbers, about; sex millia ferme pas* 
suuin, Liv. ; b, wjth negatives, hardly, scarcely, 
Cic. II. = semper ferme, nearly always, usvxdly ; 
ut ferme eveuit, Cic. 

fermento, 1. (fermentum), to cause to fer* 
ment, Pliu. 

fermentum -i, n. (foi fervimentum, from 
ferveo), 1, that which causes fermentation, leaven, 
yeast, Tac. ; transf., anger, or the cause of anger, 
Plant.; 2, meton., a kind of beer, Verg. 

fero, tali, latum, ferre (root FER. Gr. *EV, 
perf. tuli, from old form tulo, supine latum, 
orig. tlatum from old tlao, tAoui), to bear, bring, 
carry. I. Gen., A. Lit., a, to bear; faces in 
Capitolium, Cic. ; (a) to carry on one's person ; 
cervice jugum, Hor. ; (ft) ventrem, to be preg- 
nant, Liv.; (v) inilit. t. t., arma contra aliquetn, 
Cic. ; signa in aliquem, to attack, Liv. ; D, to 
bring ; venenum, Liv. ; alicui osculum, Ov. ; 
alicui tributum, Liv.; to offer (to the gods) ; sacra 
divis, Verg. B. Transf., a, to bear ; (a) nomen 
Aemilii Pauli, Liv. ; aliquem in oculis or oculis, 
to be very fond of, Cic. ; prae so ferre aliquid, to 
display, make public, Cic. ; obscure ferre, to con- 
ceal, Cic. ; (/3) to endure, submit to, bear; contum- 
aciam alicuius, Cic. ; ea vina quae vetustatem 
ferunt, which keep for a long time, Cic. ; with 
pers. obj., optimates quis ferat? Cic. ; with ace 
and infill., ferunt aures hominuin ilia laudari, 
Cic ; absol., non feram, non patiar, non sinain, 
Cic. ; with adv., aliquid ferre aegre, moleste, 
graviter molesteque, to take it ill, be vexed at, 
Cic ; aequo or iniquo aninio, Cic. ; facile, cle- 
menter, fortiter ac sapisnter, Cic. ; with ace 
and intin., si quis aegre ferat se panperem esse, 
Cic. ; partic, non ferendus, intolerable ; facinus, 
Cic; non I'erendum, with ace. and infln., Cic; 

b, to bring; (o) opem, auxilium, Cic; alicui 
fraudem, Cic; ferre responsa Turno, Verg.; 
couditionem ferre, to propose terms, Cic. ; ali- 
quam, to propose some one as a wife, Cic. ; legal 
t. t., suffragium, to vote, Cic; legem, to propose u- 
law, Cic. ; so ferre de aliqua re ut, etc., to pro- 
pose that, Cic; (alicui) judicem, of the prosecutor, 
to propose a judge to the defendant, Cic ; (0) of 
abstractions, to demand, require, allow; si ita 
res feret, Cic; ut mea fert opinio, Cic. II. Esp., 
A. expensuni ferre, to set down in an account- 
book as jxiid, Cic. B. to spread abroad, report, 
speak of; ferre haec omnibus sermonibus, Caes. ; 
ferunt or pass, fertur, feruntur, people say, it is 
reported, with ace and infin. or in pass. nom. 
and intin. ; fama fert, the story goes, with ace, 
Liv.; ferre, with double ace, to give a person 
out to be; si te petitorem fero, Cic. C. to think 
over, consider; id consilio ante ferre debenius, 
Cic. D. to carry off; 1, in a good sense, veniam 
peto feroque, Liv. ; non taciturn feres, 1 will not 
be silent about it, Cic; fructus exrepublica, Cic; 
gratiam {thanks) alicuius rei, Liv. ; jwlit. t. t., 
repulsam (a populo), Cic. ; ccnturiam, tribus, to 
gain the votes of, Cic; 2, in a bad sense, to carry 
off violently ; te fata tulerunt, Verg. ; ferre et 
agere, to plunder, Liv. E. to bring forth ; terra 
fruges ferre potest, Cic. F. to put in motion ; 
1, to drive away, lead ; ferre se or middle ferri, 
to hasten, rush, and of things, to flow, mount, sink ; 
a, lit., inde domum pedem, Verg.; milit. t. t., 
signa .ferre, to march away, Liv. ; sc ferre alicui 
obviam, Cic. ; se ferre aliquem, to act as, to pro- 
fess to be, to declare oneself to be; libertum se 
populi Romani, Liv. ; ad eum orani celeritate 
ferri, Caes. ; Rhenus citatus fertur per, etc., 
rushes quickly, Caes. ; b, transf., aliquem in or 
ad caelum laudibus, to praise Ay-high, Cic. ; 



fer 



222 



feg 



eloqtienti'a quae, ciirsu magno soiiituqtte fertur, 
Cic; feiri aliqufi re, to be borne avmy by, to be 
jwssessed by ; crudelitate et scelere, Cic. ; 2, of 
a road, etc, to lead to; via fertVerrugincm, Liv.; 
transf., si qua ad vertun via ferret inquirentem, 
Liv. (archaic redupl. perf. tetulit, ap. Cic). 

ferocia -ae, f. (ferox), a, In a good sense. 
high spirit, courage, Cic; b. in a bad sense, 
fierceness, ferocity, Cic; transf., vini, harshness, 
roughness, Plant. 

ferocltas -3tis, f. (ferox), a, courage, vn- 
tamed spirit, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, fierceness, 
haughtiness, Cic. 

feroclter, adv. (ferox), a, in a good sense, 
courageously, bravely, Liv. ; b, in a bad sense, 
rwlely, roughly, fiercely, Cic. 

Feronia -ae, f. (root FER, cf. feralis), an old 

Italian goddess, patroness of frecdmen. 

ferox -Ocis (connected with ferus and Gr. 
Grip). I. In a good sense, courageous, -high- 
spirited, warlike, brave; juvenis ferocissinms, 
Liv. ; feroces ad bellaiidum viri, Liv. II. In 
a bad sense, wild, unbridled, proud ; with abl.y 
i-toli«le ferox viribns suis, Liv.; with genit. , 
linguae, Tac. ; victoria eos ipsos ferociores im- 
potentiriresque reddit, Cic; of things, ferox 
aetas, Hor. ; oratio, Cic. 

ferramen turn -i, n. (ferrum), any instrument 
or tool, esp. in agriculture, made of iron, Cic. 

ferraria -ae, f., v. ferrarius. 

ferrariUS -a -uni (ferrmn), relating or be- 
longing to iron ; faber, a blacksmith, Plaut. 
Subst, ferraria -ae, f. iron mine, Caes. 

ferratus -a -uni (ferruni). I. furnished or 
covered with iron, Liv. ; hasta, Liv. ; agniina, 
iron-clad, Hor. II, of iron, iron; obices port- 
arum, Tac 

ferrous -a -um (ferrum), iron. A. Life, made 

of iron; clavi, Caes. B. Meton., like iron; 1, 
hard, stem, unfeeling, cruel ; Aristo Cliius, prae- 
fiactns, ferreus, Cic; os, Cic; 2, lasting like 
iron, immovable, unyielding, firm ; corpus anim- 
nsque Catonis, Liv.; 3, hard, oppressive; sors 
vitae, Ov. ; somnus, death, Verg. 

ferrugineus -a -uni (ferrugo), iron-coloured, 
dusky; hyacinthus, Verg. ; cyinba, Yerg. 

ferruglnus = ferrugineus(q.v.). 

ferrugo -Inis, f. (from ferrum, as aerugo 
from aes), 1, iron rust, Kin. ; 2, the colour of 
iron rust, dusky (iron grey, dark blue, steel blue) 
colour ; viridis ferrugine barba, Ov. 

ferrum -i, U. I. iron in its rough state, ore. 
A. Lit., Cic. B. Transf., hard-heartedness, in- 
sensibility, cruelty; in pectore ferruni gerit, Ov. 
II. iron worked up, meton. A. Gen., any iron 
instrument, the plough, Verg. ; «» are, Hor. ; a 
stylus for writing, Ov. ; scissors for hair-cutting, 
Ov. ; curling-irons, Verg. B, Esp., a sword; 
ferruni stringere, Liv. ; aliqucui cum ferro in- 
vadere, Cic ; urbes ferro atque igni vnstare, 
Liv ; haec omnia fiamma ae. ferro delere, Cic. 

ferrumen -inis, n., cement, Plin. 

ferrumino, 1. (ferrumen), to cement, bind 
together, Plin. 

fertillS -c (fero), fruitful, prolific, fertile; 1, 
agri, Cic. ; with genit., mnltos fertiles agios alios 
aliornm fructuum, Cic; with abl., insula agro 
fertilis, Liv.; transf., pectus, Ov. ; 2, fertilising, 
making fruitful ; dea, Veres, Ov. ; Bacchus, ftor. 

fertilitas -atis, f. (fertilis), fruitfulness, fer- 
tility; with subject, genit., agrorum, Cic. ; of 
persons, indoluit fertilitate sua, Ov. 

fertum (fwctum), -i, n., a kind of sacrificial 
cake, Pers, 



fertus -a-uin (fero), fruitful ; arva, ap. Cid. 

ferula -ae. f. (fero), 1, the herb fennel; 2, a 
rod used to punish slight offences of slaves and 
children, a ferule, Hor. ; used as a goad for 
cattle, Ov. 

ferus -a -uni (root FER, connected with 9rjp, 
Aeolic <£»ip). I. Lit., wild, untamed, unadti- 
vated ; bestiae, Cic. ; montes, Verg. ; silvae, Hor. 
Subst., a, fera -ae, f. (sc bestia), a wild animal 
(as opp. to cicnr, a domesticated animal); fer- 
aruni ritu, Liv.; feras ngitare, Cic; transf., of 
constellations, magna miliorque ferae, the Great 
and Little Bear, Ov. ; b, ferus -i, in., a wild 
beast, a wild boar, Ov. ; an o:c t Ov. ; horse, Verg. ; 
stag, Verg. II. Trjnsf.,jwiW, rough, savage, «n- 
civiiised, cruel; gens, Cic. ; hostis, Cic. ; facinus, . 
Liv. 

fervefacio -feci -factum, 3. (ferveo and facio), . 
tomakehot, heat, boil, melt ; pix fcrvefacta, Caes. ; 
jacula fervefacta, Caes. 

fervens-entis,abl. -enti, p. adj. (from ferveo), 
glowing, hot, heated. I. Lit., aqua, Cic; rota, Ov. 
II. Transf., a, ira, Ov. ; b, of character, im- 
petuous, fiery ; fortis animus ferventior est, Cic; 
Cassi rapido ferventius anini ingenium, Hor. 

ferventer, adv. (fervens), hotly, warmly;. 
loqui, ap. Cic. 

ferveo, ferbiii -ere and (poet.) fervo, fervi 
-ere. I. A Lit., to be boiling hot, to boil, seethe, 
glow, Cic. ; validum posito medicamen anno 
fervet, Ov. B. Transf., a, to glow with passion, 
•tc.,tobe heated; fervetavaritia pectus, Hor. ; qui 
usque fervet ferturqueavaritia lit etc. Cic. ; b, to 
be carried on briskly ; fervet opus, Verg. ; c, to 
glitter ; jam fervere litora flammis, Verg. II. 1, 
"to rage, foam, seethe, hiss; a, lit., fervet- fretis 
spirantibus aequor, Verg. ; b, transf., of a poet, 
monte decurrens velut amnis fervet (Pindaras), 
rages, Hor. ; 2, to be in quick movement ; a, <>1 
a crowd, to swarm forth; fervere qumii videas 
classem lateque vagari, Verg. ; b, of places, to ' 
sicarm with; instnicto Jlarte videres fervere 
Leucaten, Verg. 

fervesco, 3. (ferveo), to become hot, begin to 
glow, begin to boil, Lucr. 

fervidus -a -urn (ferveo). I. boiling, seething. 
A. 1, lit., humor, Ov. ; 2, transf., of orators, 
passionate, excited; paulo fervidior orat oratio, 
Cic B. burning, glowing, hot; 1, lit.,, pars 
mundi, Cic. ; vina, Hor. ; 2, transf., fiery, hat; 
fervidi animi vir, Liv. ; with abl., fervidus irfi, 
Verg. II, raging, foaming ; vada, Verg. 

ferVO = ferveo (q.v.). 

fervor -oris, m. (ferveo). I. boiling heal, 
raging heat. A. Lit., mediis fervoribus, fji the 
heat of noon, Verg. ; mundi, Cic B. Transf., heat, 
ardour, passion; mentis, animi, Cic II. raging, 
foaming ; Occani, maris, Cic 

Fcscennia -ae, f., and Fescennium -li, 
i).; a, town in Etruria famous for the Fescennini 
versus. Adj., Fescennmus ■a-n\it,Fescennine, 
Fescennini versus, rude satirical verses; hence • 
licentia Fescennina, Hor. 

fessus -a -um (fatiscor), weary, tired, ex- 
hausted ; de via, Cic. ; militia, Hor. ; plorando, 
Cic ; corpus fessnin vulnere, Liv. ; in the genit., 
fessi rerum, Verg. ; fessa aetas, old age, Tac ; res 
fessae, distress, Verg. 

festinanter, adv. (festino), hastily, rapidly, 
quickly; minium festinanter dictum, Cic 

festinatio -onis, f. (festino), haste, 
hurry ; festinatio praepropera, Cic ; Willi objl it. 
Kenit., adipisceudi honoris, Cic; onini festina- 
sione properarc in patriam, Cic. ; plnr., quid ' 
afferebnl lestinationum, Cic. 

fcstinato, adv. (festino), ha<My, ruj Idly, 
Plin. 



fe§ 



223 



fid 



festino, 1. (festinus). I. Intrausit., tu be in 
•apid motion, to hasten, hurry; plura scripsissem 
lisi tui festinaront, Cic; with ad and the ace, 
id efl'ectum opens, Liv. II. Transit., to hasten, 
tccelerate; profectbnem, Sail.'; fugain, Verg. ; 
purlic, fesliuatus, hastened; iter, Ov. ; with 
nlin., tanto opero migrare, Cic. 

festinus -a -Uiu (fero), hastening, hasty; 
nirsii festinus anholo, Ov. 

festive, adv. (festivus), humorously, facetious- 
y, wittily; belle et festive, Cic. 

festivltas -atis, f. (festivus). I. Object., 
A., gaiety, pleasure, Plant. B. Esp., festivitates, 
rmbMlshments, ornaments (of discourse), iis fes- 
fcivitatibus insolentius abutitur, Cic. II. Sub- 
ject., cheerfulness, humour, pleasantry ; lepos et 
festi vitas, festi vitas et facetiae, Cic. 

festivus -a -uni(festus). I. Geu., 1, pleasant, 
igrecable, pretty ; poema, Cic. ; copia librorum, 
Cic; 2, of places, bright, pleasant, Plaut. II. 
Esp., 1, of character, good-humoured, cheerful; 
puer, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, or of speakers, 
lively, bright, droll, amusing? humorous, witty ; 
aratio, Cic. ; festivus homo, Cic. 

f est ilea -ae, f. (fcro). A. Lit., a stalk, straw, 
Plin. B. Transf., the rod with which slaves were 
touched in the ceremony of manumission, Plant. 

1. festus -a -«m (root FE, whence also 
februus), sacred, hallowed, devoted to festivals, 
festive; dies, Cic. ; cliori, Ov. ; lux (= dies), Ov. ; 
tenipus, Hor. ; dies festos anniversarios agere, 
Cic. Subst., festum -i, n. a feast, Ov. 

2. Festus -i, m. Sext. Polnpeius, a Latin 
grammarian, who lived probably at the end of the 
fourth century a. D., author of a work in twenty 
books, " I)e Verborum Significations." 

fetialis -is, m. a fetial, plnr. fetiales, a 
college of heralds whose business it was to demand 
redress of grievances, declare war, etc., Cic. ; in 
sing., legatus fetialis, Liv. Adj., fetialis -e, 
belonging to the fetiales ; jus fetiale, Cic. 

fetura -ae, f. (fetus). A. the bearing or 
bringing forth of young, breeding, Cic. B. Metou., 
the young brood, offspring, Ov.,"Vei'g. 

1. fetus (foetus) -a -nm (pnrtic. of *feo). 

1. Tass., A. Lit., 1, pregnant; pecus, Verg. ; 

2, transf., a, fruitful, fertile ; terra feta frugibus, 
Cic. B. Poet., full of; inachina feta arinis, 
Verg. II. Middle, that has brought forth, newly 
delivered; ursa, lupa, Ov. 

2. fetus -us, in. (* feo, whence also fecundus), 
I. the bearing, bringing forth, or hatching of young ; 
labor bestiarum in fetu, Cic. ; of the soil, bearing, 
producing; quae frugibus atque baccis terrae 
fetu profunduntur, Cic. ; tig., nee ulla aetate 
uberior oratorum fetus fait, Cic. II. Meton., 
that which is brought forth ; a, offspring, brood; 
Gei-mania quos liorrida partur'it fetus, Hor. ; 
fetus suis (sucking-pig), Verg. ; b, of plants, 
fruit, produce, shoot; nucis, Verg.; meliores et 
grandiores fetus edere (of land), Cic. ; fig., ex 
quo triplex ille animi fetus exsistet, Cic. 

fiber -bri, in., a beaver, Plin. 

f lbra -ae, f. (fmdo). 1, a fibre, filament, in 
animals or plants ; stirpium, radicum, C«c. ; 2, 
tin entrails of an animal; bidentis, Ov. 

Fibrenus -i, m., a river in I.atium, near 
Arpjniun, flowing into the Liris, now Fibreno. 

fibrinus -a -urn (fiber), of or Monging to the 
beaver, Plin. 

fibula -ae, f. (contr. for figibula from figo), 
a buckle, brooch, clasp, Verg., Liv. ; cm iron 
clamp fastening beams together, Caes. 

Ficana -ae, f., a town in Latiuni on. the road 
loVstia. 



ficedula -ae, f. (ficus), a small bird, the fcefct- 
fico, Plin. 

ficte, adv. (Actus), falsely, fictitiously; ficte 
et fallaciter, Cic. 

fictilis *e (lingo), earthen, made of clay ,' vasn, 
Cic. ; ligurae, Cic. Subst., fictile -is, n., usu- 
ally plur., earthenware, earthen vessels; omnia 
(ponuntur) fictilibus, Ov. 

fictor -5ris, m. (fingo), 1, an image-maker, a 
statuary; pictores fictoresque, Cic; 2. a feigner; 
fandi lictor Ulysses, master in deceit, Verg. 

fictrix -Ids, f. (fictor), she that' forms ov 
fashions; materiae fictrix et moderatrix divina 
est providentia, Cic. 

fictura -ae, f. (ilngo), a forming, fashioning, 
Plaut. 

fictUS, partic of fingo. 

f Icula -ae, f. (dim. of ficus), a little fig, Plaut. 

Ficulca (Ficulnea) -ae, f. town in the 
country jof the Sabines on the Via Nomentana. 
Adj., Ficulensis -e, Ficulean. 

ficulnus (ficulneus) -a -um (ficula), of or 
relating to the fig-tree; truncus, Hor. 

fious -i and -us, f. (perhaps from fio, feo), 1, 
the fig-tree; arbor flci, Cic. ; 2, a Jig, Hor. . 

fide, adv. (fidus), faithfully, Cic. 

fideicommissum -i, n. (tides and com- 
mitto), legal t. t., a trust, Quint. 

f idele, adv. (fidelis), faithfully, Plaut. 

fidelia -ae, f. a,i earthenware pot or vase, 
Plant.; a pot for irlitcwash; prov., duo paTietes 
de eadem fidelia dealbare, to kiU two birds with 
one stone, ap. Cic. 

fidelis -e (1. fides), that can be trusted or relied 
upon, true, steadfast,' faithjut. A. Of persons, 
socius, amicus, Cic. ; alicui or in aliquem, Cic; 
in amicitiis, Cic. Subst., fideles -htm, in. 
confidants, faithful friends, Cic. B. Transf., oi 
inanimate objects, consilium fidele, Cic; lac. 
rimae, genuine, Ov. ; meton., durable, lasting, 
strong ; lorica, Verg. 

fldelltas -atis, f. (fidelis), faithfulness, trust, 
worthiness, fidelity, Cic; erga patriam, ap. Cic. 

fideliter, adv. with com par. and superl, 
(fidelis). 1, faithfully, trustworthily, honestly, 
surely, Cic. ; per quorum loca fideliter (free oj 
danger) mihi pateret iter, Cic. ; 2, meton., pro- 
perly, well ; ingenuas didieisse fideliter artes, Ov. 

Fidenae arum, f. and Fidena -ae, f. a 
townjn Laliuin, now Castro Giubileo. Adj., 
Fidelias -atis, of or belonging to Fidenae. 

fidens -entis, abl. -enti, p. adj. (from fido), 
without fear, confident, courageous; homo, 
animus, Cic; with genit., animi, Verg.; with 
abl., fidens et animo et viribus, Liv. 

fideliter, adv. with compar. (fidens), con- 
fidently, courageously, Cic. 

1. fidentia -ae, f. (lido), confidence, courage, 
boldness, Cic. 

2. Fidentia -ae, f. town in Gallia Cisjxtdana. 

1. fides -Ci, f. (fido), trust, confidence, re- 
liance, credence, belief, faith. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
lidem decipere, Liv., or fallcre, Cic. ; alicui or 
alicui rei lidem habere, to place confidence in, 
with ace. and infill., Cic. ; alicui rei fidem 
tribuere, adjungere, Cic ; fldem facere, to awake 
confidence, Cic. ; nuntiabantnr liaec eadem 
Curioni ; sed aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat, 
no reliance was placed in the nexus, Caes. B. Esp.,. 
mercantile t. t., credit; quuin fides tota Italia 
esset angustior, imixiired, Caes. ; lidem moliri, 
Liv.; fides concidit, hus fallen, Cic; fides de 
foro sublata est, Cic. ; lidem renovare, Cic ; 
often with res, property, res et fides, Sail-* 



- fid 



•12i 



fin 



nbl fes t'os jam pridem, fides miper deticere 
coepit, Cic. ; homo sine re, sine tide, sine spe, 
Cic. ; transf., scgetis certa fides meae, produce, 
return, Hor. II. Meton., A.that which pre;! ices 
confidence, faithfulness, fidelity, conscientiousness, 
honesty, credibility, truthfulness; 1, gen., ex- 
emplum antiquae probitatis ac fidei, Cic. ; tlderu 
praestare, to be loyal, Cic. ; of faithfulness in 
treaties and political alliances, pro veterc ac 
perpetua erga Romanum fide, Caes. ; a, in ap- 
peals and oaths, fldem vestram oro atque ob- 
secro, judices, Cic. ; pro deu:n atque hotninum 
fiuera, Cic. ; b, legal t. 1., ex bona flde or bouS 
fide, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, Cic ; 
judicia de mala fide, dishonesty, Cic. ; Fides 
personiC as a goddess, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, a pro- 
mist, assurance, word of I nour, engagement ; 
fidem fallere, frangere, vioiare, to break a pro- 
mise, Cic; dare alicui, Cic; obligare, to make an 
engagement, Cic ; liberare, servare, to keep a 
promise, Cic. ; fidem prodere, Cic. ; fide mea, on 
my word of honour, Cic. ; b, fides publica or 
simply publica, a promise, of protection in the 
name of the state, a safe-conduct; fidem publicam 
postulare, Cic ; Lnsitani contra interpositam 
fidem interfecti, Cic; fide accepts venerat in 
castra Romana, Li v. ; c, faithful protection, 
constant help; conferre se in alicuius fldem et 
clicntelam, in alicuius amicitiam et fidem, Cic. ; 
se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi 
Ro'mani permittere, Cic. ; venire in alicuius 
fidem, Liv., or in alicuius fidem ac potestatem, 
Caes. ; ah'cuius fidem sequi, Caes. ; aliquem in 
fidem recipere, Cic. ; in alicuius fide et el: i 
esse, Cic. * B. credibility, tmstworthiness, >1 re- 
ports, statements, etc ; 1, fidem facit aliquid 
judieii mei, Cic. ; tabularum, Cic. ; 2, a, proof; 
manifests fides publics ope Volscos hostes adju- 
tos, Liv.; b, certainty ; verba fides sequitur, Ov. 

■ 2. fides -is, f., usually plur. fides -ium 
(&<pi£t), or perhaps from flndn), lit. a gut-string 
for a musical instrument; hence, a lyre, lute, 
harj>; dlscere, Cic; fldibus Latinis Thebanos 
aptnre modos, Hor. ; sing., fides Tela, Hor. 

fldloen -clnls, ra. (2. fides and cano), a 
piayer on the harp, lyre, lute, Cic ; poet., a lyric 
poet ; lyrae Romanae, Hor. 

f Idlcina -ae, f. (fidicen), a female player on 
the lute or harp, Plaut. 

fidlcinus -a -urn (fidicen), relating or be- 
longing to harp-playing, Plaut 

fidieula -ae, f. and gen. plur. fldlculao 
-arum, t. (dim. of 2. fides), 1, a little lyre or lute, 
Cic. ; 2, an instrument for torturing slaves, Suet. 

Fidius -II, m. (connected with fides, fldo), in 
full Dins Fidius, a Roman deity, personification 
of faith; me Dius Fidius and medius fidius 
(ellipt. = ita me Dius Fidius juvet), So help me 
God! Cic. 

fido, fisus sum, 8. (root FID, Gr. TII0, 
im'0-u, nei6-opai), to trust, believe, confide in; 
■with dat. or abl., sibi, Cic; nocti, Verg. ; ;ru- 
dentia, Cic. ; with ace and infin., Liv. 

fidiicla -ae, f. (fldo). I. Lit., a, confidence, 
trust, reliance, assurance; alicuius, in some one, 
Cic. ; sui, in oneself, Liv. ; arcae nostrae, Cic. ; 
b, self-confidence, self-reliance, courage, bravery, 
Caes. II. Legal t. t., a contract by which a man 
temporarily transfers property to another, a 
pledging, pawning, mortgaging, etc ; formula 
tiduciae, Cic. ; flducia accepta, Cic 

fiduoiarlus -a -um (flducia), entrusted, com- 
mitted, given in trust ; urbs, Liv. ; opera, Caes. 

fldns -a -um (fido), true, faithful, trusty, cer- 
tain, sure; 1, of persons, amici fldl, Cic; with 
dat., Abe'.nx fldns ante Poenis, Liv. ; with go-nit., 
regina tui lidissiraa, Verg.; 2, of inanimate 



objects, tarn fida canum custodia, Cic. ; static 
m .ile Ada carinis, an insecure anchorage for ships, 
Verg. 

figlinus (f igulinus) -a -um (figulus), of or 
belonging to a potter, Plin. Subst., 1, figlira 
-ae, f. a, a potter's art or craft, Plin.j b, o potter's 
workshop, pottery, Plin.; 2, flglinum -i, !1. 
earthenware, Plin. 

figo, fixi, Axum, 3. I. to fir, fasten, make 
fast, 7nakefirm, attach, affix. A. Lit., a, aliquem 
in cruce, Cic. ; caput legis in poste curiae, Cic ; 
anna ad postern, Cic. ; b, to build ; moenia, 
Ov. ; c, oscula, to imprint, Verg. B. Transf., 

a, neqnitiae modum suae, to set a limit, Hor.; 

b, vestigia, to check one's steps, Verg. ; c, to fir, 
make fast; Axum et statutum est, Cic. II. 
A. Lit., a, to thrust in, drive in ; mucronem in 
hoste, Cic ; b, to transfix; aliquem sagitta, 
Tac B. Transf., a, aliquem nialedictis, attack 
with reproaches, Cic; b, to fix; oculos in terrain, 
Liv.; c, to fix in one's attention; illud fixum in 
animis vestris tenetote, Cic 

figularis -e (figulus), relating or belonging 
to a potter, Plaut. 

figulinus = figlinus (q.v.). 

figulus -i, m. (root FIG, whence fingo), a 
worker in clay, a potter; a flgulis nmnitam 
urbem, Babylon, made of brick, Juv. 

flgura -ae, f. (fingo). I. form, shape, figure; 

a, hominis, Cic ; b, an atom, Lucr. ; c, shade 

of a dead person, Verg. II. a, kind, nature, 

\ species, form ; negotii, Cic; b, in rhet., a figure 

of speech, Cic. 

figuratus -a -um, partic of figure 

figuro, 1. (figura), to form, mould, shape; 1, 
ita liguratum corpus ut excellat aliis, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., os tenerum pueri balbumque poeta 
flgurat, Hor. 

f llatim, adv. (filum), thread by thread, Lucr. 

filia -ae, f. '(Alius), a daughter, Cic ; virgo 
filia, Cic. ; poet, transf., pinus silvae fllia nobilis, 
Hor. 

f!IicatU3 -a -um (filix), adorned with ferns; 
paterae, embossed or chased with fern leaves, Cic. 

f llidla -ae, f. (dim. of filia), a little daughter. 
Cic. ; sarcastically of an effeminate man, duce 
filiolS Curionis, Cic. 

filfolUS -i, m. (dim. of Alius), o little son, Cic. 

filius -ii (voc sing, fili), m. (feo, whence 
fecundus, etc), son, Cic; terrae, aman of mean 
origin, unknown person, Cic; fortnnae, ft child 
of fortune, Hor. 

filix -Icis, f. fern, Verg. 

filum -i, n. (Ago), a thread. I. Lit., a, of 
wool, linen, etc, velamina tilo pleno, Ov-.; pro v., 
pendere filo (tenui), to hang by a thread, he in 
great danger, Ov. ; b, a woollen fillet round the 
cap of the ftamen ; capite velato tilo, Liv. ; c, of 
other things, deduoit aranea filuin pede, Ov. ; 
d, the thread of life spun by the Parcac ; sororum 
fila trium, Hor. II. Transf., a, tlie form, shape 
of anything, Lucr.; b, the manner, form, thread 
of discourse, Cic. 

fimbriae -aram, f. plur., fringe, border, edge; 
madentes cincinnorum fimbriae, extremities, Cic. 

Fimbria -ae, m. (G. Flavius), friend oj 
Murius, general in the Mithridaiic War. 

fimus -i, m. and f Imam -i, n. d\mg, excre- 
ment, dirt, Liv., Verg. 

findo, fidi, fissum, 3. to split, cleave, separate, 
divide ; lignum, Verg.; Andere agros sarculo, Hor. ; 
hae insula quasi rostro Anditur Fibrenns, Cic 

fingo, tinxi, Actum, 3. (root FIG, whence 
figulus). I. to stroke; manus aegras nianibu* 



fiii 



m 



fia 



ft.tr.ici, Ov. II. A. to fashion, form, mould ; 1, 
lit., a, mollissiinam coram ad nostrum arbitrium 
formare et tingere, Cic. ; b, imago ficta, a statue, 
Cic. ; natura lingit hominem, Cic; 2, transf., 
a, to imagine, conceive. ; tlngite igitur cogita- 
tione imagiuem Imins conditionis meae, Cic. ; 
with ace and intin., tinge aliquem fieri sapi- 
entem, Cic; b, to invent, fabricate, devise; 
crimina, opprobria in aliquem, Cic; partic, 
fictus, invented, feigned. ; ficta fabula, Cic. ; hence 
subst., fictum -i, n. something invented, a lie; 
ficta loqui, Ov. ; c, to feign ; nihil lingam, nihil 
Uissimulem, Cic B. to arrange, order; 1, lit., 

a, crinem fronde premit tingens, Verg. ; b, 
tingere vnltum, to put on a friendly look, Ov., or 
to put on a. brave look, Caes. ; ficto pectore fatus, 
Verg. ; 2, transf. ,' to firm; oratorem, Cic; so 
totum ad arbitrium alicuius, Cic 

finiens -entis (partic of finio), sc. orbis or 
circnlus, the horizon, Cic. 

finio, 4. (finis). I. Transit., to bound, limit, j 
enclose within limits. A. Lit., imperium popnli 
Roinani, Caes.; lingua finite dentibus, Cic 
B. Transf., 1, to enclose within bounds, restrain; 
an potest cupiditas finiri? Cic; 2, to define, 
determine, prescribe, appoint; sepulcris novis i 
moduni, Cic; with ne and the sub.]., potuisse I 
liu ire senatus consulto ne, etc., Li v. ; 3, a, ! 
gen., to put an end to, conclude, end, finish; j 
bellum, Caes. ; labores, Cic ; and pass., to end, 
cease ; b, (a) finiri (middle), to die, Cic. poet. ; ] 
Anita Claudiorum domo, having become extinct, 
Tac. ; (3) to finish speaking ; omnia finierat, Ov. ; 
(y) to bring a period to a close; ut sententiae 
verbis finiantur, Cic. II. Intransit., a, to die ; 
sic Tiberius finivit, Tac. ; b, to finish speaking ; 
finierat Telamone satus, Ov. ; to bring a period to 
a close ; illi philosopho placet ordiri a superiore 
paeone, posteriore finire, Cic 

finis -is, m. and f. (findo). I. the boundary, 
limit, border. A. Lit., eius loci, Cic. ; pro- 
vinciae Galliae, Liv. ; plur., teiritory ; iter in 
bantonum fines facere, Caes. B. Transf., a, 
boundary, limit; mini fines terminosque con- 
stitu/im, extra quos egredi nnn possum, Cic ; 

b, term, limit; ad eum finem, so far, Cic; line 
(fini), with genit., us far as, fine genus, Ov. II. 
the end ; a, finis vitae, Cic. ; ad finem venire, 
Liv. ; finem facere. with genit. bellandi, Caes. ; 
sollicitudinis, Cic. ; finem facere, with dat. 
iiretio, Cic ; finem capcre, come to an end, Cic. ; 
b, esp., (a) death; Neroni:s, Tac; (j3) the highest, 
the extremity ; bonorum, malorum, greatest good, 
greatest evil, Cic; c, object, end, aim; domus 
finis et usus, Cic. (abl. sing, fine and fini). 

finite, adv. (finitus, from finio), moderately, 
within bounds, Cic 

finitimus (finitiimus) -a -urn (finis), 
neighbouring, adjacent. A. Lit., Calli_ Belgis, 
Caes. ; aermnri Dnituina, Cic. Subst., finitimi 
-drum, in. neighbours, neighbouring states, Cic. 
B. Trai.sf., related to, resembling, similar; vicina 
eius atque finitinia dialecticorum scientia, Cic ; 
with dat., huic generi historia finitima est, Cic. 

finitor -oris, m. (finio), one who determines 
boundaries, a land surveyor, Cic 

finitiimus = finitimus (q.v.). 

finitus -a "in, partic of finio. 

fio, faetus sum, fieri (connected with <t>vu>\ 
pass, of facio. I. Lit., to be made; hie ubi lit, 
doctfi multa corona manu, Ov. II. Transf., 
A. Gen., a, to be done, to arise; fit clamor, Cic; 
id ei loco nomen factum, Liv. ; per aliquem fit 
quominus, etc., Cic. ; b, to happen ; (a) Pompeio 
melius est factum, Cic ; esp. with abl., quid 
illo flet, what null happen wit li him? Cic; with 
de, quid de Tulliola men flet? Cic; ut fit, ut 

8 



fieri solet, as usual, as is often the case; ut fit 
plernmque, Cic ; fit saepe ut non respondeant 
ad tempus, Cic. ; potest fieri ut fallar, / may be 
deceived, Cic. ; fieri non potest quin, etc., Cic. ; 
ita fit ut, etc., Cic; (j3) to follow; ita fit ut 
sapientia sanitas sit animi, Cic; (y) to be; nee 
potest fieri me quidquam superbius, Cic B. 
Esp., a, to become something; consules facti 
sunt, Cic; b, to be esteemed; me a te plurimi 
fieri, Cic. ; c, to be sacrificed ; quum pro populo 
fieret, Cic 

firmamen -inis, n. (finno), support, prop, 
Ov. 

nrniamentum -i, n. (firmo), a means' of 
support, a prop ; 1, lit., transversaria tigna quae 
ttrmamentu esse possint, Cic, Caes.; 2, transf., 
a, reipublicae, Cic. ; b, in rhet., the main point 
of an argument, Cic. 

firmator -oris, m. (firmo), one who makes 
firm or establishes, Tac 

firme, adv. (firmus), ./irm?.y, steadfastly; aliquid 
comprehendere, Cic. ; firmissime asseverare, Cic. 

nrmitas -atis, f. (firmus), firmness, dura- 
bility. A. Lit., corporis, Cic B. firmness, 
strength of mind, constancy ; animi, Cic. 

firmiter, adv. (firmus), firmly, strongly; 
firmiter insistere, Caes. ; firmiter stabilire ali- 
quem, Cic. 

firmitudo -dinis, f.(firmus), firmness, strength. 
A. Lit., operis, Caes. B. Transf., strength, firm- 
ness, constancy ; animi, Cic 

firmo, 1. (firmus), to make firm, strengthen. I. 
Lit., urbem colonis, Cic ; castra munimentis, Liv. 
II. Transf., a, to make durable, to make secure; 
(a) vestigia pinu, steady his steps 6y,.Verg. ; (£) 
politically, rempublicam, Cic; b, to make strong, 
to strengthen; (a) p^jsically, vires, Verg. ; vocein. 
Cic; (0) morally, animnra adolescentis nondum 
consilio et ratione firmatum, Cic; (y) to en- 
courage, cheer, animate; nostros, Caes.; aliquem 
alloquio, Tac. ; c, to prove, establish ; aliquid 
rationibus or jurejurando, Cic 

Fir 111 um -i, n. a. town in Pictnum, now 
Fermo. Adj., FirmanUS -a -urn, of OT belong- 
ing to h'irmum. 

firmus a -uin, firm, strong, stout. I. Lit., 
ramus, Cic. ; with dat., area firma templis ac 
porticibus sustinendis, Cic. II. Transf., 1, 
physically strong, powerful, healthy ; a, corpus, 
Cic; b, milit., strong ; enuitatus et peditatus, 
Cic; ad .ibui.'ar.iv.r.vC'aes.; 2, of tjjme, duraUe, 
lasting; firmissima vina, which keep, Verg. ; 
transf., lasting, valid; acta Caesaris, Cic; 3, 
morally and mentally strong ; a, steadfast, jinn, 
imwwva We ; animus, Cic ; accusator, Cic; con- 
tra pericula, Sail.; firmior in sententia, Cic ; b, 
sure, firm, to be relied upon; litterae, Cic. ; spes, 
Cic. ; with abl., copiae et numero et genere et 
fidelitate firmissimae, Cic. ; with ad and the ace, 
firnios (cos) milites ad tuendas nostras res effi- 
eere, Cic. 

fiscella -ae, f. (dim. of flscina), a small rush 
or wicker basket, Verg. 

fiscma -ae, f. (fiscus), a small liasket of wicker- 
work, Cic. 

flSCUS -i, m. a wicker basket ; 1, a money- 
basket, money-bag, purse, Cic; meton. = money, 
Juv. ; 2, the state treasury, Cic ; 3, under the 
empire, the emperor's private purse (opp. aerar- 
ium, the state treasury), Tac 

fissilis -e (findo), that can be cloven or split ; 
lignum, Verg. 

fissio -onis, f. (findo), a splitting, cleaving, 
dividing ; glebarum, Cic. » , 

fissum -i, n. (findo), a spi:t, cleft; in augury, 
a divided liver, Cic. 



fia 



226 



fla 



fifituca or festiica -ae, f. a rammer, mallet, 
Cses. 

fistula -ae, f. I. Lit., a tube, pipe; esp. a 
water-pipe, usually of lead ; listulas, quibus 
aqua suppcditabatur Jovis templis, praeeidere, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a reed-pipe, a shepherd's 
pipe, a reed; eburneola, a pitch-pipe of ivory, 
Cic. ; 2, a kind of nicer, fistula, Nep. 

fistulator -oris, m. (fistula), one who plays 
upon the reed-pipe, one who gives a note with the 
pitch-pipe, Cic. 

fixus -a -um, p. adj. (from Ago), firm, fixed, im- 
movable ; vestigia, Cic; flxum est, U is fixed 
determined, Cic. ; decretum, Cic. 

fiabellum -i, n. (dim. of flabrum), a small 
fni, Prop. ; fig., cuius lingua quasi flabello sedi- 
tionis ilia tarn est egentium contio ventilata, 
Cic. 

flabilis -e (flo), airy, Cic. 

flabrum -i, n. (flo), gen. in plur. flabra 
-Orum, blasts of wind, breezes, Verg. 

flacceo, 2. (flaccus), to be faint, weak, languid; 
transf., to fail or flag man -under; iking; Messala 
flaccet, Cic. 

flaccesco, 3. (inch, from flacceo), to begin to 
faile, to become faint, weak, languid; flaccescebat 
oratio, Cic. 

flacoldus -a -um (flaccus) ; withered, flabby, 
flaccid, weak, languid, Lucr. 

1. flaccus -a -um, 1, flabby, flaccid, Varr. ; 
2, of men, flap-eared, Cic. 

2. Flaccus, Q. Horatius, v. Horatius. 

3. Flaccus, C. Valerius, v. Valerius, 
flagello, 1. (flagellmn), to whip, scourge, beat; 

robora parte caudae, Ov. 

flagellum -i, n. (dim. of flagrum), a whip, 
scourge. I. Lit, a, Cic, Hor. ; fig., the scourge of 
cntiscience, Juv., Lucr.; b, a riding-whip, Verg. 
IL Transf., A. the thong of a javelin, Verg. B. 
o i/oioi(7 sprout, vine-shoot, Verg. C. Plur., 
flagclla, the arms of a polypus, Ov. 

fiagitatifr-unis, f. (flagito), an earn est demand 
or entreaty, Cic. 

flagltator -oris, m. (flagito), one who ear- 
nestly demands or entreats, Cic. ; with genit., 
pugnae, Liv. 

flagltldse, adv. (flagitiosus), shamefully, 
basely, disgracefully, infamously; impure ac flagi- 
tiose vivere, Cic. ; sumus flagitiose imparati, 
Cic; alicuius amori fiagitiosissime servire, Cic. 

flagitiosus -a -um (fingitium), shameful, 
disgraceful, infamous; flagitiosa atque vitiosa 
vita, Cic. ; flagitiosuiu est, with ace. and infln., 
Sail. ; flagitiosuiu duco, with infln., Liv. 

flagitlum -Ii, n. (root FLAG, whence fl.v'* ) 
I. a disgraceful action, shameful crime, shame, 
disgrace, infamy; factum flagitii plenum et de- 
decoris, Cic. : ista flngitia Democriti, shameful 
expressions, Cic. II. Meton., scoundrel, rascal; 
flagitia atque facinora, Cic. 

flagito, 1. (root FLAG, whence also flag-ro) 
= flagranter posco, to entreat, ask, demand ear- 
nestly. I. Gen., a, of persons, alicuius auxuium, 
Cic. ; mcrcedem gloriae ab aliquo, Cic. ; with 
double ace, aliquem frumentum, Cic; with nt 
and the subj., semper fiagitavi ut convocavemur, 
Cic. ; with infln., Hor. ; absol., flagitat t.ibellar- 
ius, Cic; b, of abstract subjects, quae teiupus 
flagitat, Cic. II. Esp., a, to demand to know; 
posco atque adeo flagito crimen, Cic. ; b, to 
demand; fllium ab aliouo, Cic ; c, to summon 
before a court of justice; aliquem peculatorem, Tac 

flagrans -antis, p. adj. (from flagro), burn inn. 
L Gen., A. Lit., telum, lightning, Verg. ; flag- 
rantissimus aestus, Liv. B. Transf., glowing 



with passion, eager, vehement, ardent; ciipidifad, 
Cic. ; multitudo, Cic. II. Esp., a, oftlieeves, 
glowing; oculi, Ov. ; b, of colour, glittering; 
flagrans sidereo clipeo, Verg. 

flagranter, adv. (flagrans), eagerly, ardenthji 
vehemently ; cupere, Tac. 

flagrantla -ae, f. (flagro), glowing ; ocub. 
orum, Cic. 

flagro, 1. (root FLAG, 6k. *AEr-<o, connected 
with FLA-rc), toblaze, burn, glow, flame. I. Lit, 
1, to burn ; onerariae flagrantes, Cic. ; 2, to 
glow, glitter; flagrant lumina nyniphae,Ov. II. 
Transf., 1, of concrete subjects, esp. of persons, 

a, Italia flagrans bello, Cic ; invidia propter 
interitum C. Gracchi, Cic. ; b, to glow or bum 
with passion, to be eager, vehement; desiderio, 
araore, cupiditate, odio" studio dicendi, Cic. ; 2, 
of abstract subj., flagrabant vitia libidiuis apud 
ilium, Cic 

flagrum -i, n. (root FLAG, Gr. n.Mir ov 
ITAIIK, jrAijo-o-w), o scourge, whip, used for 
punishing slaves; flagro caedi, Liv. 

1. flamen -Inis, rn. the priest of some par- 
ticular deity; there were three flamines majores, 
Dialis. of Jupiter (the highest in rank), Parti- 
alis, of Mars, and QuirinalisY of Hamulus, and 
twelve flamines minores (Vulcani, Florae, etc.); 
flaminem inaugurare, Liv. 

2. flamen -inis, n. (flo). I. ablowing, blast; 
flamina venti, Lucr. II. Meton., A. the wind; 
ferunt sua flamina classem, Verg. B. (like 
mevfiara avKwv) flamina tibiae, the notes of a 
flute, Hor. 

flaminica -ae, f. (sc. uxor), the wife of a 
flamen ; flaminica Dialis, Tac. 

Flamininus, a surname of the patrician 
Gens Quinctia ; v. Quinctius. 

flaminium -i, n. (flamen, sc sacerdotium 

or inunus), the office or dignity of a flamen, Cic. 

Fldminius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, 
the most celebrated member of which was C. FUnnin- 
ius, who, when censor, built a circus and made one 
of the chief military roads in Italy, and who, 
when consul, was defeated by Hannibal at the 
battle of Locus Trasimenus. Adj., Flaminian. 
Hence, Flamimanus -a -um, of ov belonging 
to Flaminius. 

flamina -ae, f. (for flag-ma, from root FLAG, 
whence flag-ro), a flame, blaze, blazing fire. I. 
Lit., A. Gen., effusa ftamma pluribus loris re- 
luxit, Liv. ; se flamma" eripere, Cie. ; flammam 
eoneipere, to catch fire, Caes. ;prov., prills undis 
flamina (sc. misceatur), sooner will fire mingle 
with water, of something impossible, ap. Cic. 
B. Meton., a, a flaming star, lightning, Verg. ; 

b, glitter; galea flammas vomens, Verg. IL 
Transf., A. Gen., belli, invidiac, Cic. B. Esp., 
the fire or glow of passion, esp. of love; amons, 
Cic. ; gulae, raging hunger, Cic. ; nltrix flamma, 
burning revenge, Cic 

flammeolum -i, n. (dim. of flammeum), ft 

small bridal veil, Juv. 

flammesco, 3. (flamma), to become inflamed, 
Lucr. 

flamme'us -a -um (flamma), fiery, flame-like, 
flaming. I. Adj., A. Lit., stella, Cic. B. Transf., 
flame-colouredJUry-red ; eorpora, Lucr. ; vestigia, 
in hot haste, Cat. II. Subst, flammeum -i, 
n. a flame-colouredbri'lal veil; flammeum capcre, 
Cat. 

flammifer -fere -ferum (flamma and fero), 
flame-bearing, flaming, fiery, Ov. 

flammo, 1. (flamma). I. Intransit., to flame, 
blaze, burn ; flammantia lumina, glittering, 
Verg. II, Transit., to set on fire, Inflame. A, 
Lit., nt intcrircntcnicibus affixi ant llammandi, 



fla 



oo 



? 



lio 



Tac. B. Transf., flauimato corde, with angry 
passion, Verg. 

nammiila -ao, f. (dim. of flamma), a Utile 
fame, Cic. 

flatus -us, m. (flo), a blowing, blast. I. Gen., 
Alpini boieae, Verg. ; fig., prospcro flatu for- 
tunae uti, Cic. II. breathing. A. Lit, 1, flatus, 
the breath, Verg.; 2, a, snorting; gquorum, 
Verg. ; b, blowing on a flute, Hor. B. Transf., 
haughtiness, arrogance, gen. iuphir., Verg. 

flaveo, 2. (flavus), to he yellow or gold-coloured ; 
partic, flavens, yellow, golden; coma, Verg.; 
arena, Verg. 

flavesco, 3. (flaveo), to become, yellow or gold- 
coloured ; campus flavescet arista, Verg. 

Flayina -ae, f. a town in F.truria. Adj., 
Flavmlus -a -nm, of or belonging to Flavina. 

Flavlus -a -inn, name of a Roman gens, to 
which the Emperors Vespasian, Titus, and Domi- 
tian belonged; hence Flavins = Donation, Juv. ; 
Cn. Flavins, a freedman of Appius Claudius 
Caecus, who first 'published the formulae used in 
law-suits. Hence 1, Flavialis -is, m. (with or 
without Aamen), the flu men of the gensFlaria; 
2, adj., Flavianus -a -um, Flavian. 

flavus -a -um (root FLA, whence fla-gro), 
golden-yellow, gold-coloured, yellow; arva, Verg.; 
crines, Verg. ; aurum, Verg. ; decern llavi, ten 
gold pieces, Mart. 

• flebllis -e (fleo) I. Pass., lamentable, wretch- 
ed, deserving tears; ilia species, Cic. II. Act, 

causing lamentation or tears, tearful, doleful; a, 
of things, gemitus, Cic. ; b, of persons, weeping; 
Ino, Hor. 

flebiliter, adv. (flebilis), tearfully, dolefully, 
Cic. 

flecto, flexi, flexum, 3. I. Transit, to bend, 
how, twist, curve. A. 1, lit, membra, Cic. ; 
iter suuni or viam, to diverge from one's march 
or journey, Li v. ; 2, transf., a, to modulate 
(the voice), vocem, Cic; flexus sonus, a melan- 
choly tone, Cic; b, to change, alter; vitam, 
Cic. ; fata deuni, Verg. ; to move, to mole a per- 
son change his opinion; animum or aliquem, 
Cic ; flecti miscrieordia, Liv. ; nihil flexerunt 
aminos quin eollem defenderent, Liv. B. to 
bend, turn, direct; 1, lit, equos, Caes. ; currum 
de foro in Capitolium, Cic; acies (=oculos) 
hue, Verg. ; middle, flecti in gyrum, to turn 
round m a circle, Ov. ; transf., of places, flectere 
se or middle flecti, to turn towards; nine (silva) 
se flectit sinistrorsus, Caes. ; 2, transf., to turn 
from, dissuade from; aliquem a proposito, Liv. ; 
a studio ad iinpcrium, Cic. C. to double, sail 
round; Leucatam, Cic. II. Intransit, A. to 
turn, go; ad Oceanum, Liv. B. Transf., ad 
sapientiam, Tac 

" fleo, flEvi, Actum, 2. I. Intransit., a, to weep; 
de hln niorte, Cic. ; lapides Acre ct lamcntari 
cogere, Cic. ; b, of fluids, to trickle down, Lucr. 
II. Transit., to weep for, lament, bewail. A. Lit. 
jnvenem, Ov. ; Alii necem, Tac. ; with ace and 
iiilin., Verg. ; flendus, worthy of being lamented, 
Ov. ; lletus, wept for, lamented, Verg. B. Transf., 
cava testudine nmorein, sing mournfully of, Hor 
(Syneop. pert forms flesti, Ov. ; Hermit, Verg. : 
nesse, Liv.). 

1. Actus -a -um (partic. of fleo). 

2. fletus -us, )n. (fleo), a weeping, bewailing; 
prae fletu, Cic. ; clamore et fletu omnia complere, 
Cic. ; urbe tota* fletus gemitusque fieret, Cic 

flexanlmus -a -um (flecto and animus), 1, 
moving, affecting; oratio, Cic: 2, effected, 
touched, moved; ap. Cic. 

flexibilis -e (flecto), that can be lent, flexible. 
A. Lit,, materia rerun), Cic B. Transf., a, of 



the voice, vocis genus, Cic. ;• b, of speed", 
nihil est. tarn flexibile quam oratio, Cic ; c, of 
persons, pliant, tradable, or in a bad sense, 
changeable.; aetas, Cic; quid potest esse tarn 
flexibile, Cic. 

flexilis -e (flecto), flexible, pliant, supple' 
cormi, Ov. 

flexiloquus -a -um (flexus and loquor), 

having two meanings, equivocal, ambiguous, Cic. 

flexio -finis, f. (flecto), hauling, I. Gen., 
virili latcrum flexione, Cic. ; transf., voei.s or 
inodomrn,mod%ilation of tlie voice, Cic. II. Esp., 
turning, winding; deverticula flexionesque, Cic 

flexlpes -pedis (fli""s and pes), crooked- 
footed ; hederae, twining, Ov. 

ftexuostis -a-uin (flexus), full of windings 
and turnings, crooked; iter (of the ear), Cic. 
flexura -ae, f. (flecto), a bending, Lucr. 

1. flexus -a-uin, partic. of flecto. 

2. flexus -us, m. (flecto), a bending. I. 
Middle, bending oneself, turning, winding. A. 
Gen., 1, lit, a, cervicis, Ov. ; b, a turning of 
a road, by-path; in quo flexus est ad iter Ar- 
pinas, Cic; 2, variation, modification, change; 
reruiu publicarum, Cic. B. Iii the circus, the 
turning round of the chariots towards the goal; 
fig., in hoc flexu quasi aetatis, Cic. IL Pass., 
being turned, turning, winding; duros introitus 
habent (aurcs) multis cum flexibus, Cic ; flexus 
vail mm, Liv. 

flictus -iis, m. (fligo), a striking together, 
dashing against; cavac dant sonitum flictu 
galeae, Verg. 

fligo, 3. toheut or dash down, Lucr. 

flo, flSvi, flatum, 1. I. Intransit, of winds, 
to blow; qui ventus in his locis flare consuovit, 
Cic. ; ita belle nobis ab Epiro flavit Onchesmitc.s, 
Cic. ; of persons, scintillam levein flando acceiid- 
erunt, Liv. ; of the flute, pro tin us infiexo Bere- 
cyntia tibia cormi flabit, Ov. II. Transit, A. 

a, to blow forth from the mouth ; flaniniain, Lucr. ; 

b, to blow an instrument; furiosi tibia flatur, 
Ov. B. to cast metals, to make into coin, to coin; 
flare peeuniam, Cic. 

floccus -i, m., a lock of wool, Varr. ; uonflocci 
facere, to think nothing of, Cic. 

Flora -a_e, f. (flos), the goddess of flowers. 
Adj., Floralis -e, belonging to Flora; subst, 
Floralia -Inm and -iorum, n. the festived of 
Flora </)i the 1~th of April; Floralicius -a -un), 
relating to the festival of Flora. 

Hor ens -cutis, ]>. adj. (from floreo), blooming; 

1, fresh, fine, vigorous; a, of orators, etc., florens 
orationis genus, Cic. ; b, of age, aetas, Cic. ; 

2, glittering, splendid, prosperous, flourishing; 
(a).fcrtuna, Caes.; res publicaflorentissima,Cic; 
(0) with abb, distinguished for; gratia atque 
hospitiis florens hominuil) nobilissimoruni, Cic. 

Florentia -ae, f. a town in F.truria, now 
Florence. Adj., Florentlnus -a-uin, Florentine. 

floreo iii, 2. (flos). I. to bloom, flower. A. Lit, 
haec arbor ter floret, Cic. B. Fig., a, of things, 
verborum vetus intent aetas, et juvcuuiu ritu 
florent modo uata virentque, Cic; b, of persons, 
to be in one's prime, to prosper, be flourishing, be 
in high repute; floret Epicurus, Cic; with abl., 
gratia et auctoritnte, Cic ; honoribus, Cic II. 
Transf, A. Poet., to he full of; tibi painpineo 
gravidus auctumno floret ager, Verg. B. to 
glitter; florentes aere catervae, Verg. C. Of 
wine, to froth, Ov. 

floresco, 3. (inchoat of floreo), to begin tt- 
blossom, come into flower. A. Lit, Cic. B. 
Transf., to begin to flourish; Sulpicius ad suni- 
niani gloriain florescens, Cic. 



flo 



£28 



fdO 



fioreus -a -um (flos), 1, made of flowers; serf a, 
Tib. ; 2, rich in flowers, flowery ; rura, Verg. 

floridulus -a -tim (dim. of floridus), some- 
what blooming, Cat. 

floridus -a -um (flos), flowery. I. Lit., a, 
blossoming; ramuli, Cat.; b, made of flowers; 
serta, Ov. ; plur. subst, florida et varia, Cic. ; c, 
rich in flowers; Hybla, Ov. II. Transf., a, of 
age, flourishing ; aetas, Cat. ; b, of expressions, 
flowery, florid; Demetrius est floridior, Cic. 

florlfer -f<?ra -ferum (flos and fcro), flovier- 
bearing, Lucr. 

florilegns a -urn (flos and lego), culling 
flowers ; apes, Gv, 

Florus -i, m. a Roman historian of the time 
of Trajan and Hadrian, who compose/I an epitome 
of Roman history from the foundation of the city to 
the age of Augustus. 

flos, floris (connected with cf>Ados), a flower, 
blossom. I. A. Lit, floruin omnium varietas, 
Cic. B. Meton., flores, the juice of flowers, 
Verg. II. Transf., A. the prime, flower; 1, 
gen., Graeciae, Cic. ; virium, Liv. ; 2, esp., flos 
aetatis, the flower of youth, Cic; so flos juventae, 
Liv. B. the flower = the best, the finest, the 
pride ; 1, gen., flos totius Italiae ao robur, Cic. ; 
floreni et colorem defuisse, grace of expression, 
Cic; Baechi, strength, Lucr.; 2, esp., llos juv- 
enilis, the first beard, down, so simply flos, Verg.; 
flaniiiiae, glitter, Lucr. 

flosculus -i, m. (dim. of flos), a little flower. 
I. Lit., licta omnia tamquam flosculi decidunt, 
Cic. ; omni ex genere orationis flosculos carpam, 
Cic. II. pride ; o qui flosculus es Juventiorum, 
Cat. 

fluctIfrSgU.8 -a -um (fluctns and l'rango), 
wave-breaking, Lucr. 

fluctuatio -onis, f. (fluctuo), a moving back- 
wards and forwards, fluctuation; transf., in- 
decision ; animorum, Liv. 

fluctuo, 1. (fluctns). I. to be in ware-like 
motion, move up and down. A. Lit., mare, 
Plant. B. 1, to heave, undulate ; fluctuat tcllus 
sere lenidenti, shimmers, Verg.; 2, to rage; ira 
fluctuat, Verg, II. to move up and down in the 
sea, to he. tossed, about. A. Lit., of men and 
ships, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to waver ; acies fluc- 
tuans, Liv. ; of speech, oratio quasi flnctuans, 
Cic.; 2, to waver in resolve, to vacillate; in suo 
decreto, Cic. 

fluctuor -atus sum, i. .'.?p., to waver, vacil- 
late; fluctuatus animo est, utrum . . . an, Liv. 

flnctiiosus -a -um (fluctns), full of wares, 
stormy ; mare. Plant. 

fluctns -us, in. (fluo). I. a streaming, flaw- 
ing, Lucr. II, a wave, wave of the sea, billow; 
a, sing., flnetn operiri, Cic. ; b. plur., fluctns 
sedan-, Cic; prov., exeitare fluctns in simpulo, 
• much ado about nothing, Cic. ; fig., com- 
motion, disturbance; fluctns contionum, Cic; 
viarum, Verg. 

fluens -entis, p, adj. (fluo). I. A. flowing, 
easy, fluent ; tracts quaedam et Aliens oratio. 
Cic. B. unrestrained, diffuse ; at nc am dis- 
solnta ant flnens sit oratio, Cic. II. hanging 
down, flabby; baccae flnentes, Cic. 

fluenter, adv. (fluo), in a flowing manner, 
Luer. 

fluentisonus -a -um (fluenfum and sono), 
resounding with waves, Cat. 

flucntum -i, n. (lino), running water, a 
stream ; ranca Cocyti, Verg. 

fluidus -a -um (fluo), flowing, fluid. A. Lit,, 
cruor, Verg. B. Transf., a, lav, languid, flarcid ; 
frondes, Lucr. ; ])endere lacertos Ov. ; b, die- 
sol ring ; calor, Ov. 



fliiito, 1. (intens. of fluo), to flow hither ftJMt 
thither, A. Lit., a, of streams, waves, etc., 
fusile per rictus aurum fluitare videres, Ov. ; b, 
of ships, etc., to float, more up and down, be tosseii 
about on the water; navem fluitantem in alto 
tempestatibns, Cic. B, Transf., a, to waver; 
Ruitans testndo, Tac. ; b, to flutter, flap about ; 
fluitantia vela, Ov. ; c, to be uncertain, to vacil- 
late, to be doubtful; inobilia et caeca fluitantia 
Borte, Hor. 

flumen -inis, n. (fluo), flowing water, a stream. 

1. Lit., A, Gen., flumine vivo, running water, 
Verg. ; flumine secundo, downstream, Cacs. B. 
Esp., (i river, a strewn, Cic ; Garvunna flumen, 
Caes. II, Transf., 1, a stream of anything ; of 
blood, Cic. ; of tears, Verg. ; 2, of the mind, a, 
outpouring, flow; nullius tantuin flumen est. 
lngenii, (Jic. ; b, of oratory, etc., flood, flow, 
stream ; flumen orationis aureum, Cic. 

Flumcntana porta ((lumen), the river-gate, 
a gate in Rome near the Campus Martins. 

flumlneus -a -inn (flumen), of or relating to 
a river, Ov. 

fluo, fluxi, fluxum, 3. to flow. I, Gen., A. 
Lit., of fluids and fluid bodies, 1, ut fliimina in 
contrarias partes fluxerint, Cic. ; fluit. de eor- 
pore sudor, Ov. ; 2, to flow, drip with any liquid; 
cruore, Ov.; sudore, Ov. B. Transf., 1, to flow; 
a, of air, wind, etc., venti lluunt, Lucr. ; b, of 
clothes, to flow down ; flnens vestis, Ov. ; c, of 
the neck, to sink ; ad terrain Unit cervix, Verg. ; 
d, of branches, to spread; n.aios COilipesce 
flnentes, Verg.; 2, to stream, forth ; mulia a lima 
manant et fluunt, Cic. ; of a crowd, turba Unit 
castris, Verg. C. Fig., 1, to be spread, abroad ; 
Pythagorae doctrina qmim longe lateque flueret, 
Cic; 2, to be derived from; haec omnia ex 
eodem fonte fluxerunt, Cic. ; 3, to flovj down ; 

a, to proceed without interruption ; in rebus 
prosperis et ad voluntatein fluentibus, Cic; b, 
to tend to; res fluit ad interregnum, Cic. ; c, of 
oratory, to be diffuse, lax, Cic. II. A. '" slacken, 
become weak; mollitie or mollitiis, Cic; fluunt 
sudore et lassitudine membra, Liv. B. 1, to 
fall down; fluent anna de manibus, Cic; 2, to 
disappear, fall gradually; a, lit., poma, Ov. ; 

b, fig., to vanish; fluit volnptas corporis, Cic. 
fluto, 1. (for fluito), to flow, float, swim, Luer. 
fluvlalis ,-e (fluvius), of or belonging to a 

rirer ; undae, Verg.; anas, Ov. 

fluviatllis -e (fluvius), of or belonging to a 
river; testndo, Cic. 

fluvidus -a -um (fluo), flowing, fluid, Lucr. 

fluvius -ii, m. (fluo), 1, flowing water, Verg. ; 

2, stream, river; fluvius Eurotas, Cic. 
fiuxio -onis, f. (fluo), a flowing, flood, Cic. 

1. fluxus -a -um. p. adj. (fluo), flowing. A. 

waring, fluttering, loose; crines, Tac; habena, 
Liv. B. Transf., a, uncertain, inconstant, 
changeable; gloria, Sail.; b, of character, vacil- 
lating; animus, Sail.; c, decaying, declining, 
tottering; murorum aevo fluxa, Tac; res, Cic 

2. flllXUS -us, in. (fluo), a flowing, Plin. ; 
transf., antunfhi, the passing away of autumn, 
Tac. 

focale -is, ii. (for faucale, from faux), a wrap- 
per for the neck, Hor. 

foculus -i, m. (dim. of focus), 1, a small 
store, fur cooking, brazier, Jnv. ; 2, a small altar, 
Ci'-. 

fScus -i, in. (root. FO, whence also foveo), a 
fireplace. A. Gen., Ov. B. Esp., 1, the fire- 
place in a house, hearth ; a. lit., Cic; b, meton., 
house, family, home; domo pf, foeis patrlis ali- 
quem ejicere, Cic ; 2, an altar, Ov. ; 3, the fire 
of a funeral pile, Verg. 



fod 



22$ 



for 



fodlCO, 1. (fodio), to dig, pierce; latus, to dig 
in the ribs, Hor. ; trans f., fodicantibus iis rebus 
qttas malas esse opinemur, troubling, vexing, Cic. 

fodio, fodi, fossuni, 6. (root FOD, Gr. BO0, 
whence 0d0po?), to dig. I. Iutransit., fodit, 
iuvenit ami aliquautum, Cic. II. Transit., A. 
to dig ; 1, humum, Verg. ; 2, to dig out; ar- 
gcutuni, Liv. ; to excavate; piitcum, Cats.; 
absol., fodientes, miners, Liv-. B. to pierce; 1, 
a, pectora Idis, Ov. ; aversos (clephautos) sub 
i-audis, Liv. ; b, to gouge out; luiiiina, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., of grief, pungit dolor . . . fodiat sane, 
Cic. 

foecundus, foecundo - fccuudus, fecuudo 

(rj.V.). _ 

foede, adv. (1. foedus), foully, horribly, 
cruelly ; foede exercere vietoriam, Liv. ; foed- 
ius pulsi, Liv. ; foedissime agere causam, Cic. 

foederatus -a-uni (2. fuedus), confederate, 
allied; civitates, Cic. 

foedlfragus -a -um (2. foedus and fraugo), 
treaty-breaking ; Poeni, Cic. 

foedltas -atis, f. (1. foedus),/ouh(e4-s, hideous- 
nest, ftlthiness ; a, physical, odoris intolerabilis 
foeditas. Cic. ; vestitus, Cic. ; b, moral, turpiricati 
aniiui, Cic; decreti, Liv. 

foedo, 1. (1. foedus) to make foul, vialce filing, 
defile, pollute, deform, disfigure. A. Lit., pectora 
puguis, Verg. ; canitiem pulvere, Ov. ; aliquid 
sanguine, Ov. ; serenos 'vultus, Verg. ; agri 
t'oedati, laid waste, Liv. B. Transf., to dis- 
honour, disgrace; aliquein nefario scelere, Cic. 

1. foedus -a -um, foul, filthy, horrible, abomin- 
able, detestable; a, physically, monstrum foed- 
issimum, Cic; foedi oculi, staring, bloodshot, 
Sail. ; with dat., pestileiitia foeda honiini, Liv. ; 
with supine, rem non modo visu foedam sed 
etiam auditu, Cic. ; b, morally, bellum foed- 
issi nuuii, Cic. ; ludos vero noil facere, quid 
foedius? Cic; with supine, lbedum inceptu, Liv. 

2. foedus -eris, n. a league. I. Lit., a, 
between states, foedus facere cum aliquo, or 
icere, or ferire, Cic. ; foedus frangere, rumpere, 
violare, Cic. ; b, a compact, covenant, agreement 
between individuals ; atuorum, Cic; scelerum, 
Cic. II. Foet., a law, Verg. 

foem . . ., foen ... v. fern . . ., fen . . . 

foeteo, 2. to have a bad smell, Plaut. 

foetidus (faetldus, fetidus) -a -um, adj. 
with com par. (foeteo), ftaving a bad smell, 
•Linking , fetid ; os, Cic. 

foetor-oris, m. (foeteo), a bad smell, stink, Cic. 

foetus, v. fetus. 

Folia -ae, f. a witch of Arimiwnn. 

foliatum -i, n. (folium), a salve or oil of 
spikenard leaves, Juv. 

folium -H, n. (connected with <f>vK\oi/, as 
alius with aAAoj), a leaf; Sibyllae, a prophecy, 
oracle written on leaves, Juv. 

follioulus -i, m. (dim. of follis), a little sack 
or bag, Cic. 

follis -is, m. a leather bag. I. Gen., Plant. 
II. Esp., 1, a pair of bellows, Cic; follis 
fabrilis, Liv. ; transf., ofthe lungs, folles spirant 
mendacia, Juv. ; 2, a leathern purse, Juv. 

fomentum -i, n. (for fovimentum, from 
foveo); 1, a poultice, fomentation, Hor.; 2, 
transf., alleviation ; summorum malorum, Cic. 

fomes -itis, m. (foveo), touchwood, tinder, 
Verg. 

1. fons -fontis, in. (orig. funs, from fuudo), 1, 
a spring, well, fountain, Cic. ; mcton. poet, 
fresh or spring water, Verg. ; 2, transf., spring, 
origin, fountai ii , source ; philosophiae. Cic; iuris, 
LiV, 



2. Fons, Fontis, m.,andFontus-i, in. the son. 
of Janus, god of fountains. Adj., Foiltinalis 
-e, belonging to Fons ; porta, a gate in Home on. 
Hie Quirinal, near the Campus Martins, Liv. 

fontanus -a -Mil (Cons), belonging or relating 
to a spring or fountain ; uuda, Ov. 

Fontejus -a -um, mime of a Human gens. 

fontlculUS -i, in. (dim. of Ions), (i little foun- 
tain or spring, lior. 

Fontinalis, v. 2. Fons. 

for, latus, 1., dep. (<pdw, </><!>), to spoil', soy ; 
esp. of gods, oracles, seers, &c. A. Gen., '<j 
speak, say ; adaliquem, Cic; aliquid, Verg.; faudo 
audire, hear by report, Cic. ; partic. faildus -a 
-um, that which may be spoken, hence, right, law- 
ful ; respersae faudo iiel'andoi|Ue sanguine arae, 
Liv. B. Esp., a, of poets, to sing of, Prop. ; b, 
to prophesy, Verg. (The forms which are fouud aro 
fatur, fantur, fabor, fabitur, farer ; partic. pert', 
fatus ; perf. fatus sum and eram ; imper. fare; 
inhu. fari (farier, Verg.) ; gerund faudi, faudo; 
supine fatu ; partic. pies. fans). 

forabilis -e (foro), that can be bored through, 
penetrable, vulnerable, Ov. 

foramen -inis, n. (foro), a hole, aperture, 
opening; a, natural; foramina terrae, Lucr. ; 
foramina ilia quae patent ad auimum a corpore, 
Cic. ; b, artificial ; convexa foramina retis, Ov. 

foras, adv. (connected with forts), out of doors, 
forth, out; ire foras, Ov. ; aliquein projicere 
foras, Cic. ; portis se foras erumpere, Cic. ; ea 
scripta foras dare, Cic. ; quae (vestigia) ubi 
omnia foras versa vidit, Liv. 

forceps -eipis, m. and f. a pair of tongs, 
pincers, Ov. 

fordus -a -um (feroj, pregnant, Ov. Subst. 
forda -ae, f. (sc bos), a cow in calf, Ov. 

fore, forem, -es, etc. (for fuerem from old 
fuo, <t>iitij, I ain). I. forem, 1, = essem, Sail. ; 
2, = fuissem, Ov. II. Infin. fore, 1, = futurum 
(-am, -os, etc.) esse, Cic. ; 2, = esse, Cic. 

forensis -e (forum), relating to the market or 
forum. A. Gen., 1, relating to the forum ; factio, 
turba, Liv. ; vestitus, dress worn out of doors, 
state dress, Liv. ; 2, relating to the forum as a 
place for administration of justice, legal; causa, 
Cic. ; Mars, eloquence, Ov. 

Forentum -i, n. townin Apulia,Tio\v Forenzo, 
Hor. 

forfex -flcis, c. a pair of shears or scissors, 
Mart.^ 

f<5rica -ae, f. = a^eSpo'iy, Juv. 

1. for is -is, f. (connected with 2. foris), 1, a 
door; aud plur., fores; folding-doors ; claudere 
forem cubiculi, Cic. ; fores aperire, Cic. ; ad 
fores assistere, Cic; 2, opening, entrance; equi 
aeuei, Cic 

2. foris, adv. (from obsolete nom. fora) I. 
out of doors, outside, without. A. Gen., aliquid 
quaere foris, Cic B. Esp., a ? not at home; foris 
cenare or ceuitare, Cic ; fons valde plauditur, 
among the people, Cic. ; foria esse Gabinium, in 
debt, Cic. ; b, outside the senate, Cic. ; c, outside 
the state, outside Rome, Cic II. from without, 
from abroad; aliquid foris petere, Cic. 

forma -ae, f. (fero), form, figure, shape. I. A. 
Lit., 1, gen., corporis, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, the face; 
forma nostra reliquaque figura, Cic ; b, beauty, 
Cic. B. Transf., 1, gen., form = government, con- 
stitution; forma reruiu publicaruin, Cic; in 
forniam provinciae redigere, Liv. ; 2, esp. 
character, form, nature, kind, manner; forma 
insolitae pugnae, Liv. II. figure, image, like- 
ness. A. Lit., forinae virorum, Cic. ; fonnae quas 
jil imlyere descripserat, Liv. B. Trausf., ft/ 



for 



230 



for 



tutline, sketch ; totius negotii, Cic. ; b, in logic, 
species, Cic III. form as a model ; a, a shoe- 
last, Hor. ; b, a mould, stamp for coining, Ov. 

formamentum -i, n. (forino), s7i«pc, form, 
Lucr. 

formatura -ae, f. (formo), a form, forming, 
format h i, Lucr. 

Formiae' -arum, f. town on the coast of 
talium, famed for its wine, now Mota di Gaeta. 
Adj., Formlanus -a -inn, of at belonging to 
Formiae. Subst., Formlanum -i, n. (sc. 
praeditim), an estate near Formiae, Cic. 

formica »e, f. (connected with nvppn(), an 
ant, Cic. 

formidabilis -c (forniido), exciting tenor, 
fearful, formidable; lumen, Ov. 

1. formido, 1. (perhaps connected with 
horreo), to fear, be frightened, terrified, to dread ; 
omnia, Cic. ; with the inlin., uaribus uti, Hon; 
with ut and the subj., Tac. 

2. formido -Jnis, f. (1. forniido). I. Lit., 
A. fear, dread, terror; Stoici definiunt formid- 
dinein metum permancntein, Cic. ; fonnidinein 
alicui injieere, Cic. B. Esp., religions awe; 
existunt horribiles formidines, Cic. II. Meton., 
'.'"it which caiises fear, Cic. ; and esp. a scarecrow, 
Hor. 

formidolose, adv. (fonnidolosus), fear- 
fully, terribly, Cic. 

formidolosus -a -um (2. formido). I. 
Act., tailing fair, terrible, fearful; tempera, 
Cic. ; bellimi formidolosissimum, Cic. II. Kent., 
fearful, timid; with obj. genit., forinidolosior 
hostinm, Tac. 

formo, 1. (forma). I. to form, shape, fashion. 
A. Lit., materiam, Cic. ; orationem, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to arrange, order, regulate ; formatis 
omnibus ad belli et pacts usus, Liv. ; 2, to fash' 
by education and habit, to accustom, shajye; novi 
collegas in suos mores, Liv. ; 3, to dispose, pre- 
pare; aninios, Cic. II. to fashion out of some- 
thing. A. Lit., of sculptors, etc., signum in 
inuliebrcm figurnin, Cic. ; classem, tobt»7d,Cic.; 
personam novam, of actors, torepresent, Hor. B. 
'i'ransf., to produce, form ; quatuor modis formatas 
in animis hominum deorum esse notioues, Cic. 

formons ... v. fonnos . 

formose, adv. (forinosiis), beautifully, grace- 
fully, Prop. 

formSSltaS -atis, f. (formOSUS), beauty, Cic. 

formosus -a -um (forma), beautifully formed, 
beautiful; virgiuea formosissimae, Cic. ; of ab- 
stractions, tenipus, spring, Ov. ; virtute nihil 
est formosius, Cic. 

formula -ae, f. (dim. of forma), 1, a rule, 
pattern, scheme; dicendi, Cic; ad formulam 
vivcre, Cic; 2, esp., a, tlie form of an agreement 
between the Roman senate audits alius; Lamps- 
acenos in sociorum formulam referre, Liv.; b, 
the rating of the. censor; censum agcre ex for- 
mula, Liv.; c, legal t. t.,/orm ofvords, formula; 
postulationum, testamentorum, Cic. 

fomacalis -c (foniax), relating to an oven ; 
deft, (he goddess of ovens (Fornax), Ov. Subst , 
Fornacalia -lum, n. the festival of the g<- ; 
ltd to hare been instituted l>y Numa. 

fornacula -ae, f. (dim. of Fornax), a little 
oven, Jut. 

fomax -ficis, f. (root FOR, connected with 
fer-vr-o, Hfp-/x(k), 1, on oven, furnace, kiln ; 
aniens, Cic. ; poet., Aetnae, the crater, Verg. ; 2, 
person if, Fornax, the goddess of ovens, Ov. 

fornlcatus -a -um (fornix), arched, vaulted; 
paries, Cic. ; vie, Liv, 



fornix -icis, in. an arch, vault. I. Gen., 
parietis, Cic. II. Esp., A. Fornix Fabii, a 
triumphal arch erected by Q. Fabius Maximus. 
B. Milit. t. t., a, an arched sally-port, Liv.; b, 
a. covered way, Liv. C. a brothel, Hor. 

fornus = fi'.rnus (q.v.). 

foro, 1. (cf. Engl, bore), to pierce, Plant. 

fors, abl. forte, f. (fero), only in noni. and abl. 
sing., chance, luck. I. 1, gen., sed liaec ut fors 
tulerit, Cic: 2, esp., a, abl., forte, by chance, 
used with si, sin, nc, nisi, etc., Cic. ; b, adv, 
fors = fortassc, by chance, Verg.; 3, tins for- 
tuna, good luck; casu nut fortu fortuna, Cic. 
II. Persomf. as a deity, dea Fors, Ov. ; esp., 
Fors Fortuna, Li\". ■ 

forsan, adv. (= fors sit an), perhaps, Liv. 

forsit, adv. (fors sit), perhaps, Hor. 

forsitan, adv. (fors sit an), perluips, Cic 

fortasse, adv. (tors), perhaps ; a, with verbs, 
dolent fortassc et anguntur, Cic; with subj., 
fortasse dixerit quispiam, Cic. ; b, with adj. and 
adv., res fortasse verae, Cic; incondite fortassc, 
Cic; c, with numbers, about; trigiuta fortasse 
versus, Cic. 

forte, v. fors. 

forticulus -a -um (dim. of fortis), tolerably 
strong, brave, courageous, Cic 

fortis -e (old form forctis = forectis, from 
fcro, orig. one that can endure much), strong, 
powerful, durable. I. Lit., physically, strong, 
durable, powerful, robust, stout; ligna fortissima, 
Cats.; coloni. Verg. II. Transf., mentally, brave, 
courageous, stout, steadfast ; 1, of persons, horum 
omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, Caes. ; fortior 
h "re, Cic. ; vir fortissimus contra andaciam, 
Cic. ; fortis ad pericula, Cic; prov., fortes for- 
tuna adjuvat, fortune favours the brave, Cic. : so 
lliptically, fortes fortuna, Cic; 2, of things, 
courageous, energetic; sententia, Cic ; genus 
dicendi, Cic. 

fortlter, adv. (fortis), 1, strongly, firmly; 
fortius attrahere lora, Ov. ; 2, bravely, coura- 
geously, steadfastly ; ferrc dolorem, Cic. 

fortitudo -Tnis, f. (fortis), bravery, courage, 
steadfastness, firmness, fortitude, Cic; plur., for- 
titudines, deeds of bravery, Cic. 

fortuito (fortuitu), adv. (fortuitus), by 
chance, by accident, fortuitously, Cic. 

fortuitus -a -um (fors), accidental, casual, 
fortuitous; concursus atomoruni, Cic; subita 
et fortuita oratio, unpremeditated, Cic. Subst., 
fortuita -oruni, n. chance occurrences, Tac. 

fortuna -ae, f. and plur. fortunae -arum, 

f. (fors), chance, fate, lot, luck, fortune. I. Gen., 
A. a, sing., prospera, secunda, good fortune, 
Cic; adversa, misfortune, Cic; fortunae se or 
omnia comiiiitlerc, Cic. ; b, plnr., fortunae 
secundae, Cic B. Personif., Fortuna, the god- 
dess of chance, Cic. ; Alius Fortunae, a favourite 
of fortune, Hor. II. Esp., A. Without an 
epithet, 1,= fortuna St cunda, Cic ; fort unani 
silii ipsuiu lacerc, Liv. ; per fortunes ! by thy 
good fortune ! for Heaven's snke.' Cic; 2,= for- 
tuna adversa, contra fortunam paratus arnia- 
tusque, Cic. B. 1, lit., a, lot, condition, stole, 
mode of life; infiina servorum, Cic; magna, a 
high position, Liv. ; b, of things, bona belli, Cic; 
2, meton., a, lot, share; cui cessit triplicis 
fortuna novissiina regni, Ov. ; b, property, p s- 
,• gen. plur., alicui bona fortunasque 
adimere, Cic. 

fortunate, adv. (foi'tunatus), happily, for- 
tunately; vivere, Cic. 

fortunatus -a -um, p. adj. (fortuno), hapf>n, 
Iwky, fortutu'le, L Ucu., homo, Cic; respub • 



for 



231 



fra 



lica, Cic; insulae, the islands of the blest, Elys- 
ium, Plin. ; so furtunata nemora, Elysium, Verg. 
Subst., fortuiiatUS -i, ill. a favourite of for- 
tune, Cic II. Esp., well off, wealthy, rich, Cic. 

fortii.no, 1. (fortuna), to make happy, bless, 
■prosper ; tibi patrimonium dei fortuncut, Cic. 

1. foruli -Drum, iu. (dim. of forus), a book- 
case, Juv. 

2. Fdriili -Sruin, ui. a place in the Sabine 

country, now Civita Tommasa. 

forum -i, n. (connected with furas and foris), 
on open space. I. in front of a tomb, ap. Cic. II. 
A. an open square, market-place, Liv. ; esp. at 
Homo, 1, a, forum Romanum, or magnum, or 
vetus, or simply forum, an open place at the foot 
of the Palatine and Capitoline Mils, where legal, 
political, and commercial business was transacted, 
Cic. ; b, forum Caesaris, founded by J. Caesar, 
Suet. ; c, forum Augusti, built by Augustus, Ov. ; 
d, forum Trajani, built by Trajan; 2, as mere 
market-places, a, forum bovarium or boarium, 
tlie cattle-market, Cic. ; b, forum olitorium, vege- 
table market, Liv. ; e, forum piscariinu or pisca- 
toritiin, fish-market, Liv.; 3, in reference to pub- 
lic business, law, and mercantile transactions, 
verba de foro arripere, to use common'and vulgar 
expressions, Cic. ; annos jam triginta in foro 
versaris, thou hast been in business thirty years 
already, Cic. ; forum attingere, to begin to apply 
oneself to public business, esp. legal, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, a place of trade, Vacca, forum rerum 
venalium totius regni maxime eclebratum, Sail. ; 
2, the chief place or market-town of a district; 
civi.tat.es quae in id forum conveucrant, which 
are in that district, Cic. ; forum agere, to hold an 
assize, Cic. Hence, the name of several towns, 
a, Forum Appii, on the Via Appiain I.atium; b, 
Forum Aurelium, in Etruria, on the J r ia Aurelia, 
now Monte Alto; c, Forum Cornelii, in Gallia 
Cispadana, now Imola; d, Forum Julii or 
Julium. in Gallia Narbonensis, now Frejus ; e, 
Forum Vocouii, in Gallia Narbonensis. 

forus -i, in. 1, the gangway of a ship, Cic. ; 
2, plur., a row of seats in the theatre, Liv.; 3, 
plur., tlie cells of bees, Verg. 

Fosi -onun, m. a German people near the 
modern llitdesheim, Tac. 

fossa -ae, f. (fodio), a ditch, trench ; a, fossam 
ducere, Caes. ; facere, fodere, Liv. ; ooducerc, 
praeducere, Cic. ; vallo et fossa cingere, Cic. ; 
fossas implere, Liv.; b, canal, bed of a river; 
Rlieni, Cic. ; fossae Cluiliae, Liv. 

fossio -onis, f. (fodio), a digging, excavation, 
Cic. 
fossor -oris, in. (fodio), a digger, delver, Yerg.; 

poet., a boor, clown, Cat. 

fossura -ae, f. (fodio), a digging, Suet, 
fotus, partic. of foveo. 

fovea -ae, f. a pit as a trap for catching game, 
a pitfall; in foveam incidere, Cic. 

foveo, fovi, fotuni, 2. (root FO, whence 
fumes, fomentum), to warm, keep warm. I. A. 
Lit., 1, esp. of a bird keeping warm its eggs or 
young, pullos pennis, Cic. ; 2, to bathe, foment a 
wound or part of the body; vulnus lympha, 
Verg.; poet., a, to heed; ora, Verg.; b, to sup- 
port; colla, Verg. B. Meton., 1, to stay con- 
stantly in a place; castra, Verg.; 2, hiemom 
inter se luxu, pass the winter, Verg. II. Transf., 
1, to foster ; speni, Liv.; 2, to cherish; aliquem, 
Cic.; 3, to support, favour ; voluntatem patrum, 
Liv. 

fractus -a -um, p. adj. (frango), weak, jiower- 
Uss ; animus, broken-down, spiritless, Cic. 

fraeno, fraenuni = freno, frcnum (q.v.). 

fraga -orum, n. strawberries, Verg, 



fragllis -e (frango). I. A. Lit., easily broking 
fragile; rami, Verg. B. Meton., crackling) 
laurus, Verg. II. Transf., a, frail, transitory) 

corpus, Cic. ; res humanae, Cic. J b, weak, 
nerveless; anni, Ov. ; Pediatia, Hor. 

fragilitas -atis, f. (fragilis), frailly, iflgrtfa 

ness; hnmani gciieris r Cic. "--• ;....'. : 
fragmen -minis, ri; (frango), a piece brokeit 

off, fragment; in plur., ruins; ingens montis, 

Verg. ; i'ragniina navigii, Ov.; fragments, remains, 

ruins, Verg., Ov. 
fragmontum -i, n. (frango), a piece broken 

u ff, fragment; plur., ruins; lapidis, Cic.; frag- 

meuta saeptonun, Cic. 
fragor -oris, m. (frango), 1, breaking (\ 

pieces, Lucr. ; 2, it loud noise, crash of falling 

houses, Liv. ; noise of the sea, Verg. ; of thunder, 

Ov. ; fragorem dare, to crash, Ov. 

fragosus -a -urn (fragor). I. fragile; A. 
Lit., Lucr. B. Transf., rough, uneven ; silva, 
Ov. II. crashing, roaring ; torreus, Verg. 

fragrans -antis, p. adj. (fragro), sweet- 
scented ; niella, Verg. 

fragro, 1. to smell svxet, be fragrant; un- 
guento, Sail. 
fragum, v. fraga. 

frango, fregi, fractum, 3. (root FRAG, con- 
nected with pTJyyu/uOi to break, break in pieces, 
shatter, dash to pieces. I. A. Lit., 1, domum 
lapidum conjectu, Cic. ; compluribus navibus 
fractis, dashed to pieces, Caes. ; gulam laqueo, 
to strangle, Sail.; glebas rastris, to break small, 
Verg. ; 2, esp., a. to grind; fruges saxo, Verg. ; 
b, to break (a limb) ; brachium, Cic. B, Transf., 

a, reflex, se frangerc, to break vp (of weather, 
cold, heat, etc.), Cit. ; b, to slwrten time; dieiu 
morantcm meio, Hon II. Fig., 1, to weaken; 
se laborious, Cic. ; 2, a, to master, tame, sub- 
due ; nationes, cupiditates,- iinpetum, Cic; 

b, to discourage, dispirit, humble ; Clodium,' 
Cic. ; frangi animo or fraugi, to be discouraged, 
Cic; 3, to bend, touch, move; te lit wlla res 
frangat, Cic. ; 4, tobreak, violate; fidein, Cic. 

frater -tris, m., a brother. I. Lit., fratres 
geniini, twin-brothers, Cic, Castor and Pollux, 
Ov. ; fratres gemelli,Ov. ; germanus, own brother, 
Cic. II. A. fratres (like aSeXfyol), brothers and 
sisters, Tac. B. a, frater patruelis; Cic, and 
simply frater, cousin, Cic. ; b, brother-in-law, 
Liv. C. brother (as tev-ni of endearment), friend, 
Cic. D. fratres, of things alike, positi . ex 
online fratres (of writings), Ov. 

fraterciilus -i, in. (dim. of frater), a little 
brother (as term of endearment) ; ap. Cic. 

fr at erne, adv. (fraternus), in a brotherly 
manner, like a brother. A. Lit., facere, Cic. 
B. Transf., heartily ; ab aliquo aniari, Cic. 

fraternitas -atis, f. (fraternus), brotherhood, 
fraternity, Tac 

fraternus -a -um (for fraterinus, from frater), 
brotherly, fraternal. I. Lit., hereditas, coming 
from a brother, Cic. ; lyra, received by' Apollo from 
his brother Mercury, Hor. ; nex, murder of a 
brother, Hor. II. Transf., A. related; sanguis, 
Verg. ; fraterna peto, the arms of my cousin 
Achilles, Ov. B. friendly ; amor in nos, Cic. 

fratricida -ae, m. (from frater and caedo), 
one who kills abrollier, a fratricide, Cic. 

fraudatlo -onis, f. (fraudo). deceit, fraud, 
Cic. 

fraudator -oris, in. (fraudo), a deceiver, 
defrauder ; crcditorum, Cic. 

fraudo, 1. (fraus), to cheat, defraud, deceire. 
A. Lit., with abl., Caecilium magna pecunia, 
Cic; niilites praeda, Liv.; creditores, Cic.; 



fra 



iri 



Bliquem In hereditaria societate, , Cic. ; partic 
subst.! fraudata -orum, n. ill-gotten gains; 
fraudata restituere, Caes. ; B. Transf., to steal, 
embezzle ; stipendium equitvun, Caes. 

fraudiilentla -ae, f. (fraudulentus), deceit- 
fr.lnens, Plaut. 

fraudulentus -a -um (fraus), deceitful, 
fixiwiulent; Carthaginienses, Cic. ; vcuditio, Cic. 

fraus, firaudia, f. deceit, deception, fraud. 
•I. A. Lit., 1, fraus odio digna niajore, Cic. ; 
sine fraude, honourably, Caes.; fraudem facere 
legi, Liv., or contra legem, Liv., or senatus 
consnlto, Cic. ; 2, self-ileccption, error; in 
fraudem incidere,delabi, Cic. B. Melon., injury, 
damage, loss, caused by deception ; alicui fraudem 
ferre, or alicui fraudi esse, to cause loss to, Cic. 
II. a crime, offence; fraudem suscipere, Cic; 
fraudem cupitalem admittcre or audere, Cic. 
(genit. plur. fraudium and fraudum). 

fraxineus -a -um (fraxinus), of ash-wood, 
ashen ; trabes, Verg. 

1. fraxinua -a -uin = fraxineus, Ov. 

2. fraxinus -i, f. 1, lit., an ash-lree, Verg.; 
2, meton., a spear or javelin, the shaft of which 
■was made of ash-wood, Ov. 

Fregellao -arum, f, town of the Volsci, in 
J.atium, on the Liris, now Cepra.no. Adj., Fr£- 
gellanufl, -a -um, Fregellan. 

Fregenae -5rum, f. town o/Etruria. 

frfimebundus -a -um (fremo), growling, 
muttering, Murmuring, Ov. 

fr^midus -a -um (fremo), raging, Ov. 

fr&nitus -us, m. (fremo), a low murmuring, 
muttering, growling noise, murmur, roar; mur- 
murantis maris, Cic. ; terrae, Cic. ; egentium, 
Cic.; equorum, Liv.; apnra.-Jf'U'g. 

fremo -"Qi -ituni, 3. (fipefttu), to ioar, murmur, 
growl. I. Intransit., a, of animals pnd things, 
feo, equus, Verg. ; fremunt ripae, rustle, Verg. ; 
"b, of persons, laetitia fremunt, Verg. ; adversus 
injuriam decreti fremere, Liv. II. Transit., 
1. It murmur out something, express in secret, 
jrvnSk, complain; uno onines eadcin ore freine- 
bant. Verg.; with ace. and inlin., falsns esse et 
a scriba vitiataa (litteras) fremobant, Liv. ; haec 
frenuiit plebs, Liv. ; jam vero Arrius cuiisulatuin 
uibi ereptum fremit, Cic. ; 2, to demand, call for 
with tears or rage ; arma, Verg. 

fre'mor -oris, m. (fremo), murmuring ; varius, 
Verg. 

frondo. fresum (freasum), o., X, intransit., 
with or without dentibus, to gnash the teeth, 
Cic. ; 2, transit., to crush, bruise, grind ; fabain, 
Varr._ 

frenl -drum, m. v. frenum. 

freno, 1. (frenum), to bridle, curb; 1, lit., 
equos, Verg. ; 2, trausf., to curb, restrain, check, 
hold in; cursus aquarum, Verg. ; furores, Cic. 

Frentani -6ruin, m. a Samnite people on Vie 
east coast of Italy. Hence, adj., Frentanus 
-a, -um, Frentanian. 

frenum -i, n., plur. frena -orum, n., and 
frenl -orum, m. (frendo), bridle, reins, bit; 
frena remittere, to give the reins to, Ov. ; so frena 
dare, Ov. ; frenos inhibere, to draw in, Liv.; 
fig., frenos dare inipotenti naturae, to give full 
liberty to, Liv. ; altcui frenos adhibere, to bridle, 
Cic. ; frenos recipere, to submit to the rein, Cic. ; 
frenum mordere, to clurfe against restraint, Cic. 
(in prose, num. pi, freni and ace. plur. fronos 
eoiiiliionur tlian frena). 

frequens -entis. I. of apace, A. Act., of 
a crowd, etc., numerous, crowded ; legatio, Liv. ; 
aenatus, Cic. B. Pass., of \\a,cw, full, frequented, 
filled, populous; theatrum, Cic. ; municipium, 
Cic, ; with abl. t freouens cqstodiis locus, Liv. 



II. of time, A. Act., frequent, constant; rlat- 
onis auditor, Cic. ; cum aliquo frcquentcm esse, 
to be often in a person's company, Cic. B. P.iss., 
frequently used, numerous ; pocula, Cic. 

frequentatio -Onis, f. (frequento^./regiieju'j, 

frequent use ; argumentorum, Cic. 

frequentatus -a -um (partic. of frcquento), 
full of, abounding in; genus sentontiis frequent- 
atiini, Cic. 

frequenter, adv. (frequens), frequently, 
numerously, in large numbers. 1, quum ad emu 
frequenter per eos dies ventitaturos se esse 
dixissent, Cic. ; 2, frequently, often ; adhibenda 
frequentiusetiamilla omamenta rerum sunt, Cic. 

frcquentia -ae, f. (frequens), 1. a large 
concourse, numerous assembly ; civiiim, Cic. ; frc- 
quentia crescere, to increase in population, Liv. ; 
2, a large number, abundance ; scpulcroruui, Cic. 

frequento, l. (frequens); I. A. a, of 

persons, to collect in large numbers; de doino 
scribas ad aerariuni, Cic. ; b, trausf., of things, 
multa acervatim, Cic. B. to visit in large 
numbers; a, to attend upon a person in large 
numbers; Mariuin, Sail.; b, to celebrate a fest- 
ivity in large numbers; ferias, Cic; c, to make 
aplace populous, to people ; urbes, Cic. ; solitud- 
inem Italiae, Cic. II. A. to visit frequently, to 
frequent; domum, Cic. B. to repeat constantly ; 
verbi translationem, Cic. 

fresus (fressus) -a -um, v. frendo. 

iretum -i, n., and fr^tus -us, m. (connected 
with pceiv and peiSpov), 1, a, lit., the sea ; fretus 
Hadriae, Hor. ; b, the spring (as the time of 
transition from cold to heat), Lucr. ; c, heat, vio- 
lence, raging ; aetatis, Lucr. ; 2, re strait, sound, 
frth, channel; gen., a, Siciliensc, the Straits of 
Messina, Cic. ; nostri maris et ocean i, the Straits 
of Gibraltar, Sail. ; b, esp., the Straits of 
Messina, Cic. 

1. fretus -a -um (from unused freo = I strength- 
en), strengthened, hence relying on, confiding in, 
trusting, depending on; with the alii., vobis, 
Cic. ; hitelligentia vestra, Cic. ; with dat., nulli 
rei, Liv. ; witli ace. mid infill., satis fretus esse 
etiamnunc tolcrando ccrtamini legatuin, Liv. 

2. frctUS -us, m. = frcfiiin (q.v.). 

frico, filcui, frietuni, and frlcfttuin, 1. to rub, 
rub dnuni ; (sus) fricat arbore. costas, Verg. 

frlgeO, 2. (piyew). I. to be cold, be stiff wit]/ 
cold (opp. calere), corpus frigentis (of a deaii 
person), Verg. II. Transf., A. to be inactive, 
lifeless, languid, to flag; quum omnia consilia 
frigerent, Cic B. to be coldly received, fail nj 
exciting approbation ; itaque (contio) frigebat, Cic. 

frigero, 1. (I'rigus), to cool, refresh, Cat. 

frigeseo, frixi, 3. (frigeo). I. Lit., to become 
cold ; pedes manusque, 'J'ac. II. Transf., to be- 
come languid, inactive; ap. Cic. 

frigide.adv. (frigidus), coldly; hence transf., 
languidly, feebly ; aliquid agere, ap. Cic. 

frlgldfilus -a -uin (dim. of frigidus), 1, 
somewhat cold, Verg.; 2, transf., somewhat faint, 
languid, Cat. 

frigidus -a -uin (frigeo), cold, frigid, coal. 
I. A. Lit., fluinen, Cic. ; rura, Verg. ; annus, 
winter. Verg. Subst. plur., frlglda -orum, n. 
cold, Cic. ; of the chill of death or fright, Verg, 
B. Transf., 1, cold, inactive, remiss, indolent ; 
accusator frigidissimus, Cic ; litterae, Cic. ; 2, 
of discourse, frigid, dull; calumnia, Cic. II. 
Act., causing cold; sidera, Ov. ; mors, Verg.; 
ruuior, chilling, causing fright, Hor. 

frlgo, frixi, frictum, 3. (Qpvyu), to roost, 
parch, Hor. 

frj^US -oris, n. (p'YOs), cold, coolness^ coldness, 



fri 



283 



fru 



I. Lit., A» physical cold; 1, gen., vis frigoris 
rt cnloris, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, the cold of winter; 
propter frigora, Cues.; b, meton., (a) winter, 
Verg. ; (0) a cohl place ; lYigus non habitabile, 
Ov. B. animal cold ; a, of death, Verg.; b, of 
fright, Verg. II. Transf., a, coldness in action, 
indolence, remissness, ap. Cic; b, coldness in 
behaviour, coolness, disfavour, Hor. 

frigutio (frlguttio), 4. 1, to twitter, chirp, 
Suet. ; 2, to stammer, Plaut. 

frlo, 1. to rub, crumble, Lucr. 

Frisii -drum, m. the Frisians. Adj., Fris- 
lus -a -urn, Frisian. 

fritillus -i, m. a dice-box, Juv. 

frivolus -a -ran (frio), silly, trifling, miser- 
able, worthless, Plin. Subst, frivola -orum, n. 
wretched furniture, Juv. 

frondator -oris, m. (1. frons), one who cuts 
off leaves, a pruner of trees, Verg. 

frondeo, 2. (1. frons), to be in leaf, be leafy, 
green with leaves ; nunc frondent silvae, Verg. 

frcndeseo, J. (inchoat. of frondeo), to come 
into leaf, put forth leaves, Cic. 

frondeus -a -uni (1. frons), leafy, full of leaf, 
covered with leaves; neiniis, Verg.; tecta, leafy 
coverts — trees in full leaf, Verg. 

frondifer -fera -ferum (1. frons and fero), 
leaf-bearing : leafy, Lucr. 

frondosus -a -urn (1. frons), full of leaves, 
leafy; ramus, Verg. 

1. frons, frondis, f. A. a, leaf, leafy twig 
or branch, foliage; via interclusa frondibus et 
virgultis, Cic. B. Meton., a chaplet or crown of 
leaves, Hor. 

2. frons, frontis, f. theforehead, brow. I. Lit., 
a, frontem contrahcie, to frown, Cic; explicare, 
tn unwrinkle the broiv, become cheerful, Hor.; 
frontem ferire or percutere, Cic; b, theforehead 
as a sign of the feelings; laeta, Verg. ; sollicita, 
proterva, Hor. ; fronte occultare sententiam, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. the outside; 1, gen., taher- 
nae, Cat. ; 2, esp., the edge of a roll or volume, 
Ov. B. the front, forepart; 1, gen., frons ad- 
versa (moiitis), Verg. ; 2, esp. milit. t. t., a, 
the van; eta fronte et atergo circumire hosteni, 
Caes. ; a fronte instare, Liv. ; b, the front line 
in battle ; frontem aequare, Liv. C. frontage (in 
measuring land), Hor. 

frontalia -lum, n. (2. frons), the frontlet of a 
horse, Liv. 

fronto -onis, m. (2. frons). I. a r«a>i. with a 
broad forehead, Cic. II. Fronto, a Roman sur- 
name. 

fruotuariUS -a -ran (fructus), fruit-bearing, 
fruitful ; agri quos fructuarios habent civitates, 
for which a portion of the produce is paid, ap. Cic. 

fructuosus -a -urn (fructus), fruit-bearing, 
fruitful, fertile. A. Lit, ager, Cic. B. Transf., 
tota philosophia frugifera et fructuosa, Cic. ; 
fructuosum est, with inftn., Cic. 

fruotus -us, m. (fruor). I. Abstr., enjoy- 
ment, enjoying. A. Lit., Plaut. B. Transf., 
ad aninii mei fructuni, for ray intellectual enjoy- 
ment, Cic. II. Concr., the proceeds, profit, 
produce, fruit, income. A. Lit, praediorum, 
Cic ; fructus percipere, demetere, Cic. ; fructui 
esse alicui, to bring profit to, Cic. ; in fructu 
habere, to consider profitable, Cic. B. Transf., 
advantage, gain, profit; verae virtutis, Cic; 
fructuni ferre, or capere, or percipere ex aliqua 
re, Cic. 

frugalis -e (frux), frugal, sparing, economical, 
worthy, excellent; colonus frugalissimus, Cic. 
(positive not used in class. Latin, frugi instead). 

frugalitas -atis, f. (frugalis), frugality, eco- 

8* 



nomy, worth, excellence, Cic. ; cognomen Frugall- 
tatis, the surname Frugi, Cic. 

frugalitcr, adv. (frugalis), frugally, economi- 
cally, worthily, honourably, Cic. 

frugi, v. frnx. 

fruglfer -fern -ferum (frux and fero). A. 
Lit., fruit-bearing, fruitful, fertile; ager, Cic; 
numen, making fruitful. Ov. ; with abl., alimentis 
frugifera insula, Liv. B. Transf., profitable, ad- 
vantageous; tota philosophia frugifera et fruc- 
tuosa, Cic. 

frugiferens -entis (frux and fero), fruitful, 
fertile, Lucr. 

frugilegus -a -ran (frux and lego), collecting 
fruit ; formicae, Ov. 

fruglparu3 -a -um (frux and pario), fruiU 
fid, prolific, Lucr. 

fruitus, fruiturus, v. fruor. 

frumentarms -a -um (frumentum), relating 
or belonging to grain or corn; res, the supply of 
corn, Cic. ; lex, relating to the price of grain, 
Cic. Subst., frumentarlus -ii, m. a corn- 
merchant, Cic. 

frumentatio -onis, f. (frumentor), a foraging, 
Caes. 

frumentator -oris, m. (frumentor), a forager. 
provider of com, Liv. 

frumentor, 1. dep. (frumentum), to forage, 
fetch com ; frumentari in propinquo agro, Liv. 

frumentum -i, n. (fruor), grain, com, Cic. 

fruor, fructus and fruitus sum, 3. dep. 1, to 
enjoy, to delight in, to derive advantage from ; with 
abl., vita, Cic ; voltiptate, Cic. ; votis, to obtain 
one's wishes, Ov. ; amicitiae recordatione, to tale 
delight ill, Cic. ; abvl , -ji!£UndiiiR est earereiju.ini 
frui, Cic; 2, '" have the use and enjoyment 
fundis certis, Cic. 

Frusino -onis, m. town of the Vohr; in 
Lalivm, now Frosinone. Hence, Frvjsina* 
-atis, of or belonging to Frusino. 

frustra (for frustera, abl. of * frusterus, con- 
nected with fraudo). 1, in error; frustra esse, 
to be deceived, mistaken, Sail. ; 2, in vain, tt«f 
lessly, without effect, unnecessarily, Cic. ; frustra 
esse (alicui), to fail, Sail. ; frustra teinpus conr 
tero, Cic. 

frustratlo -onis, f. (frustro), failure, din- 
appointment; tantae rei, Liv. 

frustro.i, -*"H 4--.. irustror, l. (frustrr.). 
to cheat, deceive, trick ; nos falsi atque inani 
spe, Liv. ; Coccejus vide ne frustretur, Cic. 

frustum -i, n. (fruor), a bit, piece, morsel of 
food; frusta esculenta, Cic. ; in frusta secart, 
Verg. 

ft-utex -ticis, m. (perhaps connected with 
j3pua>), 1, a shrub, bush, Ov. ; 2, as a term o/ 
reproach, blockhead, Plaut. 

fruticetum -i, n. (frutex), a thicket, Hor. 

frutico and frutlcor, 1. dep. (frutex), /(? 
shoot out, become bushy; quaiu fruticetur (arbor), 
vides, Cic. 

fruticosus -a ^n, adj. witli com par. and 
superl. (frutex), bushy, thick with leaves, full of 
bushes, Ov. 

frux, frugi s (fruor). A. Lit., fruit, produce; 
non oinnem frugem neque arborem in agro 
reperire, Cic. ; plur., terrac fruges bacaeve ar- 
borum, Cic. B. Transf., a, fruit; fruges in- 
dustriae, Cic. ; bonam Irugem libertatis fern*, 
Liv. ; b, moral excellence, virtue ; ad bonam fru- 
gem se recipere, to improve oneself, Cic. ; frug 
used as an adj., useful, worthy, honest, discy 
moderate, temperate; homo, Cic; j»ennod> 
et bonae frugi, Cic. 



fuc 



234 



lui 



fucatus -a -urn (p. a<lj. of fuco), painted, 
counterfeited, simulated; nitor, Cic ; omnia 
fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veria (secern- 
ere), Cic. 

FucinftS -i, in. a lake in Southern Italy, in 
the country of the Marsi, now Lago di Celano. 

fuco, 1.(1. fucus), 1, to colour, dye; vellera 
hyali colore, Verg. ; 2, to paint, rouge, Ov. ; 
transf., iisdem ineptiis fucata sunt ilia omnia, 
Cic._ 

fucosua -a -«m (1. fucus), painted, simulated, 
counterfeited ; merx, Cic. ; amicitia, Cic. 

1. fucus -i. m. (<pvicos\ 1, red or purple 
colour, Hot., Ov. ; 2, = propolis, the reddish 
substance with, which bees stop up the. entrance to 
their hives r bee*ghte, Verg. ; 3, rouge : 4, transf., 
deceit, dissimulation, pretence; sine fuco ac 
fallaciis, Cic. ........ 

-. fucus -i, in. a drone bee, Verg. 

Fufius -a-wn, name of a Roman gens. 

fiiga -aft, f. (0vy>j). I. A. Lit., 1, gen., 
flight, running away; fuguabnrbe turpissima, 
Cic. ; ex fhga se reciperc, Caes. ; esse in fuga, 
Cic. ; hostes in fugam convertere, or dare, "i 
ci.njicere, Caes. ; in fugam se dare, sc conferre, 
se conjicere, Cic . ; fugae so mandare, Caes. ; or 
Cic. ; fugam dare, to flee, Verg. ; or, to let 
flee. Verg., Hor. ; fugam facere, to flee, Sail., 
Liv. ; or to make, to flee, Cic., Liv. ; fugam sistere, 
to st'yp. Liv. ; plhr., quantae in pcriculis fugae 
proxiracrain, Cic. ; 2, esp., flight from, ones 
v.i/, erile, banishment; fuga Metclli, Cic. ; 
m?t6n., the place r.f exife, Ov. B. Transf., disin- 
c'lnat'on. to, avoidance of, aversion to; Laboris, 
bellandi, Cic. IL flying, swift course, Verg. ; of 
a ship, faeilem fugam exspfctare, Verg. ; transf., 
fuga temporum, hastening, Hor. 

fugaoius, adv. in compar. (fngax), fn a 
■manner 'more inclined to flight; utrum a se 
audacim an fugacius ab liostibns geratur bellum, 
Liv ." 

fiigax -acis (fugio), 1, ready to flee, flying, 
■'■liin.y; Paribus, Ov. ; fugacissimns hostis, 
I.*iv. ; 2, transf., a, fleeting, transitory; ami. 
Hor. ;'liaec omnia b'revia, fngacia, caduca exist- 
ima, Cic. ; b, with genii., avoiding; "nnditiouis, 
Ov. 

fugiena -entis, p. adj. (from fugio), flying 
from, atoiding; with genlt., laboris, Caes. 

fugio, fugi, ffigltivr. \ (<i>evy«>). I. Intransit. 
A. to flee, take to flight, run .nil, 1, gen., a, 
lit, longe, Ov. ; poet., of a bird, in auras, Verg. ; 
b, transf., omne animal appetit quaedam etftigit 
'a- q>iibusdam, Verg. ; 2, esp. a, of soldiers, ex 

Eroelio, Cic. ; b, of fugitives, a Troja (of Aeneas), 
ic. ; esp. of exiles, a patria, Ov. ; c, of slaves, 
torvnmvcy, Hor. B. 1, to hasten away, depart 
quickly ; fugieutia fiumina, Hor. ; Camilla super 
arnnem tugit, Verg. ; 2, to poss away, vanish, 
disappear ; fugiunt cum sanguine vires, Ov. ; 
vii.uu; fugiens, becoming flat, Cic. IL Transit., 
to flee fre-m. A. to ran away from ; cerva fugiens 
lupum, L : v. ; velut qui currebat fugiens hosteni, 
Hor.; patriam, Verg. B. 1, to ovoid, shun; a, 
lit., concilia conventusqu- nominum, Caes. ; b, 
transf., (a) ignominiim ec dedecus, Cic. ; (/3) to 
decline, renounce, reject: aliqueni judicem, Liv. ; 
neque illnd fugerim dicere, Cic. ; fugo quaerere, 
do not seek, Hor. ; 2, -to escape from ; Aeheronta, 
Kor. ; scientiam alicuius, Cic. ; aliqnid aliquem 
fugit, escapes the notice of. Cic. ; with infin., de 
Di<>nysio togit mead te antca scribere, Cic. 
fugitans -r.r.tis, p. adj. (from fugito), flying 
*nn. Ter. 

"agltivus -j. -nm (fugio), 1, adj., flying, fugi- 
a dorni:.is, Cic. ; 2, subst., afttgltiv, epp, 
•ire si"'-,-, Cic. 



fugito, 1. (intens. of fugio), to fly from, avoid, 
sin 1 a ; quaestiouein, Cic. 

fugo, 1. (fuga), 1, to put to flight, chase away, 
drive avay ; homines inernies, Cic; fundere 
atque fugare, Sail.; 2, to drive away; a, ali- 
quem, Cic. ; b, esp., to drive into exile, Ov. 

fuloimen -Inia, n. (fulcio), a prop, support, 
pillar, Ov. 

fulcio, fulsi. fultum, 4. I. to prop up, sup- 
port ; 1, lit., porticum, Cic. ; vltis fulta, Cic. ; 

2, transf., to support, stay, uphold; amicum. 
Cic; labantem rempublicam, Cic. ; Thernmm 
litteris, Cic. II. to strengthen, secure; postes, 
Verg. ; januam sera, Ov. 

fulcrum -i, n. (fulcio), 1, a post or foot of a 
, Verg. ; 2, meton., a couch, Jut. 

Fulfiilac -arum, f. a town oftheSamnites. 

fulgeo, fulsi, 2. (root FUL, whence also 
fnlvus). I. to liahtcn ; Jove, or caelo, fulgente, 
Cic. II. Transf., A, Of Pericles, as a powerful 
orator, compared to Jupiter, fulgere, tonare, 
Cic. B. 1, lit., to shine, gleam, glitter ; auro, 
Cic. ; fulgebat luna, Hor. ; 2, transf., to be dis- 
tinguished, to shine; virtus intaminatis fulgct 
honoribus, Hor. 

fulgidus -a-um (fulgeo), shining, gleaming, 
(/Uttering, Lucr. 

Fulginia -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now 
Foligna. Adj., Fulginiatis, of Fulginiu. 

fulgo, 3. = fulgeo (ii.v.). 

fulgor -oris, m. (fulgeo), 1, lightning; ful- 
gorcs et tonitrua, Cic. ; 2, glitter, brilliancy, 
brightness; armorum, Hor.; candelabri, Cic; 

3, transf., brightness, glory ; nominis, Ov.; hono- 
ris, Tac. 

fulgur -uris, n. (fulgeo), 1, lightning, Cic; 

2, a thunderbolt, Ov. ; condere fulgur, to bury 
an object which hasbeen struck bylightning, Juv. ; 

3, poel. = fulgor, brightness, brilliancy; solis, 
Luer. ; rapidum Aetnaeo fulgur ab ignejaei, Ov. 
(plnr. fulgora, Cic). 

falguralis -e (fulgur), relating or belonging 
tolightning ,-libri, treating of the (religious) signi- 
ficance eg lightning, Cic. 

fulgiirator -oris, m. (fulguro), a hanupex 
who interpreted the omens from lightning, Cic. 

fulgiiritUS -a -nm (fulgur), struck by light- 
ning. Plaut. 

fulguro, 1. (fulgur), tolighten ; Jovefulgur- 
aute, ap. '. ic. 

fulica -ae, (, a. Out, Verg. 

fullgo-iois, f. (root FT. whence also fuinu>), 
1, soot, Cic. ; 2, a powder used for darkening 
the eyebrows, Juv. 

fulix -Iris, f. = fulica (q.v.). 

fullo -onis, in. a fuller, cloth-fuller, Plaut. 

fulmen -inis, n. (orig. fulcmen, from fulgeo, 
and suffix -men). I. a flush of lightning which 
strikes something, a thunderbolt ; fulmine percus- 
sus, Cic. ; ictu fulmiuis detlagrare, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. a thunder-bolt, crushing calamity; 
fortunae, Cic. ; duo fulmina domuin perculerunt, 
Liv. B. mighty ot irresistible power ; verbornm, 
Cic. ; so of heroes, duo lulmina Imperii nostri, 
tin two St pios, Cic. 

fulmincus -a -nm (fulmen). A. Lit., re- 
lating to lightning; ignes, Ov. ; ictus, Hor. B. 
Transf., slaying, murderous, d est rue t ire ; ensis, 
Verg. ; o." apri, Ov. 

fulmino, 1. (fulmen), to lighten, to thunder 
and lighten ; Juppiter fulminans, Hov. ; impers., 
boreae de pnite trucis quuni fulminat, Verg. ; 
transf., Caesar fulminat bello, Verg. 

fultura -ae, f. (fulcio), a support, prop, stay 
(of fond), H. »r. 



Pul 



235 



fun 



Fulvlaster, v. Fulviua. 

Fulvius -a -mil, name of a Rowan gens of 
which the most celebrated members wereM. Fulvius 
Flaecus, supporter of C. Gracchus, and Pulvia, 
wife of Clodius, and afterwards of Antonius. 
Fulvlaster -stri, m. an, imitator of Piilvius 
(Postumius), Cic. 

fulvus -a -um (root FUL, whence fulgeo), 
dark or reddish yellow, tawny, yellowish brown (of 
lions, wolves, sand, gold), Verg. ;caesaries, Verg.; 
aquila or ales Jovis (because of its yellow eyes), 
Verg. 

fumeus -a -um (fumus), smoky, full of smoke, 
Verg. 

fumidus -a -um (fumus), smoky, full of smoke ; 
taeda, Verg. ; altaria, Ov. 

fumifer -fera' -ferum (fumus and fero), smoke- 
hearing, smoky; ignes, nox, Verg. 

fumificus -a -um (fumus and facio), musing 
smoke, Ov. 



fumo, 1. (fumus), to smoke, steam ; agger fnmat, 
Caes. ; domus fumabat, recked with the odours of 
feasts, Cic. ; equum fumantia colla, Verg. 

fumosus -a -um (fumus), full of smoke, smoky, 
steaming, smoked; arae, Ov. ; imagines, figures 

of ancestors, Cic. 

fumus -i, m. (root FU, whence also fuligo), 
smolx, steam, vapour; fumus gauearum, Cic; 
fumo excruciari, Cic. ; fumo dare signum, Liv. ; 
plur., fumi incendiorum procul videbantnr, 
Caes. ; prov., vertere omne in fumum etcinerem, 
to squander, consume, Hor. 

funalis -e (funis), relating or belonging to a 
rope. Snbsfc., funale -is, n., 1, the thong of 
a sling, Liv. ; 2, a wax-torch, Cic. 

funambiilus -i, in. (funis and ambulo), a 
rope-dancer, Tor. 

functio -onis, f. (fungor), a. performance, per- 
forming, executing; muneris, Cic. 

funda -ae, f. (2J fnndo), 1, a sling, Caes. ; 
funda mittere glandes et lapides, Liv. ; 2, a 
casting-net, Verg. ' 

fundamen -Inis, u. (l. fundo), a foundation, 
base ; ponore or jacSre; Verg. 

fundamentum -i, n. (1. fundo), 1, lit., a 
■foundation, base; fundamenta jacere, (Jic. ; a 
fundamentis diruere Pteleum, Liv.'; 2, transf., 
fouiulation, basis; pietas fuudamentum est om- 
nium virtutum, Cic. 

Fundamus -a -um, name of a Unman gens. 

fundator -oris, in. (1. fund. \ a founder; 
urbis, Verg. 

fundatus -a -um (p. adj. froin }• fundo), ./sm, 
durable; fundatissima familia, Cic 

funditor -oris, m. (funda), a u<iht-armed 
soldier, furnished with a sling,: r. slingi ■•■•; gen. 
in plur., Cues. ; sing, collective, fund i tor. Ba- 
learis, Liv. 

funditUS, adv. (fundus), I.fiom thearonn:l, 
A. Lit., niounmeiita dclcre, Cic. E. Transf., 
completely, entirely; evertere amicithun. Uio, II, 

at the bottom, below, Lucr. : 

1. fundo, 1. (fundus). I. to lay the foundation, 
of, to found ; arces, Verg. ; urbem colonis, Verg. ; 
dente tenaci ancora fiindabat naves, fastened to 
the ground, Verg. II. Transf., A. to found; ac- 
curate non modo fundata verum etiam -e^ati-iieta 
disciplina, Cic. B. to make firm, to' strengthen ; 
urbem legi bus, Verg. ; nostrum imperium," Cic. 

2. fundo, fudi, fusum, 3. (root FUD, con- 
nected with x*">, xevju), to 'pour, pour out. I. 
Lit.,1, of liquids, sanguinem e. parent, (7 
quorem de patera, Hor. ; laci imas, Verg. ; middle, 

. to pour; injfentibus procellis fuausf imber. Liv. ; 



2, <if bodies not liquid, a, to pour out; segetem 
in Tiberim, Liv.'; b, of metals, to melt, cast; 
quid fusum durius, Hor.; c, to sprinkle; tern- 
pora multo mero, Tib. II. Transf., A. 1, to 
throw to the ground, often in partic, thrown down, 
lying; fuai sub remis nautae, Verg.; 2, milit. 
t. t., to rout, defeat, scatter, put to flight ; hostes, 
Liv. ; middle, to rush away ; turpi fuga fundi, 
Liv. B. to let loose; 1, middle, fundi, to spread; 
vitis funditur, Cic. ; 2, a, to discluirpe missiles; 
tela, Verg. ; b, luna per fenestram se fundebat, 
streamed through, Verg. ; 3, of persons, reflex., 
to rush out; plenis se portis, Verg. ; 4, a, to 
pour forth from the mouth, to utter; sonos inanes, 
Cic.;esp. of posts, to pour forth, compose ; versus 
hexametros ex tempore, Cic. ; b, to give forth, to 
produce ; terra fuudit fruges, (Jic. ; quern Maia 
fudit. gave birth to, Verg. f c,to squander; opes, 
Hor. III. Fig., a, middle, fundi, to spread ; 
iitriimque enrnm fundi quoddamndn et quasi 
dilatari, Cic; b, to jiovr forth ; multo vitam 
cum sanguine, Verg. 



fundus -i, in. the bottom or base of anything. 
I. Ueii., 1, a, lit., armarii, Cic; aeqnoni eicro 
fundo, from the bottom, Verg.; b, transf., Inrgitio 
non liabet fuiiduiri, knows no bounds, Cic; fund- 
um fieri legis, to sanction, authorise, Cic II. 
Esp., the soil, a farm, estate, Cic. 

funebris -e (funus), 1, relating or belonging 
to a funeral, funereal; epulum, contio, Cic; 
su.'ist, funebria -ium, n. funeral ceremonies, 
Cic; 2, deadly, destructive, cruel, fatal; bellum, 
Hop. ; munera, Ov. 

funercus -a -um (funus), 1, relating to a 
funeral, funereal; faces, Verg. ; 2, of that, which 
causes or betokens death; dextra, Ov. ; bubo, UU 
omened, Ov. . _, 

funero, 1. (funus), 1, to bury solemnly? hnter 
w'th funeral riles, Plin.; 2, to kill, Hor. '. 

f lines to, 1. (funestns), to defile ov pollute nvith 
murder; aras ac templa hostiis humanis, Cic. 

ffmestUS -a -um (funus). I. filled with 
mourning, defiled by death ; agros funestds' rod- 
dere, to pollute with blood, Lucr.; familia funesta. 
in mourning, Liv. II. calamitous, rn.mrnf.d, 
disastrous deadly • tribunatus, Cic; f;tx,: Cic ; 
with dm., funesta reipublicae pestis, Cic. 

fungor, functus sum, 3. dep. to be bvsy.occvpii 
onebctf, be engaged with anything, to perfocn, 
execute, accomplish. I. Gin., a, with abl.y mil- 
neribus tx,x^mv, G'.,.-.-,' virtute fungi, to shovj 
bravery, Hor. ; munere aedilicio, discharge thi- 
office ofasdiU. Cic. ; vice cotis, to serve instead of, 
Hor.; dap!'. mis, to lake food, Ov. ; seputero, to 
bury, Ov. ; b, with ace, hominuni ofticia, Tac. 
II. a, to suffer; mala nnilta, Lucr.; b, to com- 
plete, finish; gen., functum esse niorte, to die, 
Ov. 

fungUS -i, in. (o^dyyos, OTrdyyos), 1, a KUsh- 
room, fungus, Cic; as a term of reproach applied 
to a dull, stupid fellow, Plauf; 2, a thief in tl» 
Wick of a candle, a candle-snuff, Verg. 

funiculus -i, m. (dim. of funis), a thin rppc, 
cord, string; funiculus a puppi religatus, Cic 

funis -is, m. (few. Lucr. 2, 1154), a rope, 
cord, line; per funem demitti, Verg.; of ship's 
ropes, nncorarins funis, Caes. ; funes qui an- 
tennas ad males religaba.it, Caes. ; the rope of 
a rope-dancer ; per extentum funem ire, Hor. ; 
prqv,., ne currente retro funis eat rota, that all 
your labour may not be wasted, Hor. ; ducere, 
to guide the rope— i.e., to command, Hor. ; seqili, 
to follow, obey, Hor. ; reducere, to change om's 
iiilnii, Pers. 

funus -em, n. a funeral, obsequies, interment. 
I. A, Lit., funus quo amici conveniunt ad p.\- 
sequias cohonestaiiaa's, Cic;; funue alicui facr.re: 



fuo 



!iiJ6 



las 



Cic. ; ducere, Cic ; in funus venire, Cic ; fumis 
celebrare, Liv. B. Meton.,l,{/ie corpse; lacerum, 
Verg.; 2, death ; crudeli fuuere exstiuctus, Verg.; 
edpre funera, to kill, Verg. II. Transf., destrnc- 
(foil, ruin; reipublicae, Cic; meton., the persons 
who muse ruin; paene 1'unera reipublicae, de- 
stroyers, Cic. 

ftto, fiii, fftturns, etc., v. sum. 

fur, ffu is, c W"i''p)i a thief; lion fur, Red 
ereptor, Cic; fur nocturnus, Cic.; as a term of 
reproach to slaves, Yerg. 

furadter, adv. (furax), thievishly; domos 
furacissime scrutari, Cic. 

furax -acis (1. furor), inclined to steal, 
thievish; homoavarus et furax, Cic. 

furca -ae, f. (fero). I. a two-pronged fork, 
pitch-fork; furca detrudere aliquem, Liv.; prov., 
naturam expellas furcS, tamen usque recurret, 
Hor. II. Transf., A. a fork-shaped prop or pole; 
valli furcaeque bicornes, Verg. ; furcae duodenos 
ab terra spectacula alta sustineutes pedes, Liv. 
B. an instrument of punishment pvt over the. neck, 
to the two prongs of which the anus were tied, 'used 
to punish slaves and parricides, Liv. ; lig. ire 
sub furcam, Hor. C. a narrow pass; Furcae 
Caudinap, v. Caudium. 

fui'Clfer -fexa -ferum (furca and fero), one who 
carries the furca as a punishment, a term of re- 
proach usually applied to slaves, gallows-bird, 
Cic 

ftircilla -ue, f. (dim. of furca), a little, fork; 
pvov., furcilla extnuli, to be expelled by force, Cic. 

furoula -ae, f. (dim. of furca), 1, a fork- 
shaped prop, Liv.; 2, a narrow pass; furculae 
Candinae, Liv. 

fill enter, adv. (flirens),/uriows7>/; irnsci,Cic 

fiirfur -Oris, m. 1, bran, Plant.; 2, scales, 
scurf mi the skin, Plin. 

furia -ae, f., usually plnr. (furo). I. rage, 
madness, passion, fury; inuliebres furiae, Liv.; 
ventorum furiae, Verg. II. Person if., Furia 
-ae, f. and gen. plur., Furiae -arum, f. A. the 
Furies (Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone), Hie deities 
who avenged crimes and tormented criminals, esp. 
parricides ; eos (parricidas) agitent Furiae, Cic. 
B. Transf., of persons, a, ilia Fnri?, Clodius, 
Cic. ; b, inciter to crime ; lninc juvenem tarn- 
quamfnriam facemque bains belli, Liv. • 

fui-ialia -e (furia), 1, furious, raging, terrible ; 
vox, Cic. ; lncossus, I.iv. ; Ericlitho, inspired 
with Bacchic fury, Ov. ; 2, belonging to the 
Furies; membra, Verg. 

furialitcr, adv. (fnrialis), furiovshj, madly, 
Ov. 

furibundus -a -urn (furo), 1, raging, furious; 
fnrihnndus homo ac perditus, Cic. ; 2, inspired ; 
praodictio, Cic. 

Varina -ap, f. an ancient Roman goddess; 
hence adj., Furinalis -e, of or belonging to 
Fvrina; subst., Fttrinalia -Ium, n. the fes- 
tival of Fvrina. 

furio, 1. (furia), to make furious, cause to ratjr, 
infuriate.; matres equorum, Ilor. ; pnrtic, furi- 
atus, raging; mens, Verg. 

furiose, adv. (furiosus), furiously, madly; 
aliquid furiose facere, Cic. 

furiosus -a -urn, adj. with compnr. and 
super!, (furia), raging, raving, mad, furious; 
mulier jam non morbo sed seeiere furiosa, Cic. ; 
transf., of things, eup'ditas, Cic. ; tibia, in- 
spiring, Ov. 

Furius -a -um, ?.<';)"> of a Roman gens, the 
most famous member OJ which was M. Furius 
Camillus, v/ho freed Rome from the Gauls. Adj., 
Furlaans -a -urn, of or belonging to Furius. 



furnaria -ae, f. (furnus), the trade of a baler, 
Suet. 

furnus -i, m. (root FOR, cf. fornus), an 
ox-en, a bakehouse, Ov., Hor. 

furo, ". (connected with 0vm). I. /" rape, 
rave, lie mad; lurere se siniulavit, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. <>f persons, a, to rage, he furii 
Catilina (urens audacia, Cic; furens Neptunus, 
the raging waves, Hor.; with ace, furorem,Ycrg. ; 
with ace. and intln., (Clodius) furebat a Racilio 
se contuinaciter urbfuieque vexatum, Cic. ; b, 
to give oneself up to any violent passion, esp. love ; 
Hbidinibus inttammatus et furens, Cic. ; furere 
aliqua, to be madly in love with, Hor. B. Of in- 
animate objects, teinpestas or ignis furit, Verg. 

1. furor, 1. dep. (fur), 1, to steal, pilfer; hnec 
quae rapuit et. furatus est, Cic; libr.nr. ab aliquo, 
(of plagiarists), Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to oitoin by 
stealth; civitatem, Liv.; b, to withdraw secretly ; 
oculos labori.Verg. ; c, to make secret attacks, Tsc. 

2. fiiror -Oris, m. (furo). J. madness, raving, 
insanity; ira furor brevis est, Hor. II, Transf., 
A. Of persons, 1, a. of the Bacchic fury, maj- 
orem orsa furorcm, Verg.; fig., versatur mihi 
ante oculos aspectus Cethegi et furor in vestra 
caede bacchantis, Cic. ; b, inspiration, inspired 
rage; negat sine furore Democritus poetam 
magnum esse posse, Cic; c, of martial rage, sic 
animis juvenum furor additus, Verg. ; personif., 
Furor, as an attendant of Mars, Verg. ; d, the mge 
of anger ; turn regis Juno acta furore gravi, Verg. ; 
e, passionate love ; intus erat furor igneus, <>v. ; 
meton., the object of passion ; sive mihi Phyllis, 
sive esset Amyntas, sen quicumqne furor, Verg. ; 
2, delusion, frenzy, rage; a, id<'iu flll'Or et 
Cretenses lacerabat, l.iv.; b, rage, tumult, sedi- 
tion, revolt; furor multitudinis, Cic; aliening 
furoreni frangere, Cic. B. Of inanimate objects, 
furores >•! rabies lanta eaeli inarisque, Verg. 

furtim, adv. (fur), by stealth, stealthily, 
secretly (opp. palam), Cic. 

furtive, adv. (furtivus), stealthily, secretly, 
furtively, Ov. 

furtivus -a -urn (furtum), 1, stolen ; strigilis, 
Hor.; 2, secret, concealed, Jxntive; iter per 
Italiam, Cic; amor, Verg. 

furtum -i, n. (fur). I. A. Lit., a theft; 
furtum facere alici.ius rei, Cic; fnrti damnari, 
Cic. B. Meton., the thing stolen ; furta reddere, 
Cic. IL Transf., A. anything secret or con- 
cealed, hidden trick or deceit ; furlo laetatns 
inani, Verg.; hence furto, adv.= furtim, secretly, 
Verg. B. 1, secret or stolen love, Verg. ; 2, in 
war, a strata m, secret attack; parva furta per 
occasionem * mptantes, Liv. 

furuncv tus -i, m. (dim. of fur), a little thief, 
a little rase Cie. 

furVUS -a -urn (from root FUI1, whence also 
fuscus, connected with fumus, fuligo), dark- 
coloured, dark, black; a, gen., equus, Ov.; b, 
of :he lowei world and things relating to it, 
antrum, Ov. ; Proserpina, Hor. 

InsCoP.a -ae., f. (connected with furca), « 
three-pronged fork, trident, Cic. 

fUSCO, 1. act. (fuscus), to make dark, darken, 
blacken ; dentes, Ov. 

fuscus -a -nm (orig. furseus, from root FUR, 
whence furvns), 1, dark-coloured, dark, black; 
cornix, Cic ; purpura paene fusca, Cic. ; 2, ap- 
plied to the voice, hoarse, rough; genus vocis, 
Cic. 

fuse, adv. with compar. (fusus), at length, 
copiously, diffusely ; dicere, Cic. 

furiiis -e (2. fnndo), melted, molten, liquid : 
aururn, Ov.; ;>-rventes frtsill (softened), ex argilla 
gland es, Caes, 



fus 



237 



gan 



fusio -onis, f. (2. fuudo), a pouring-out, out- 
pouring ; mundum esseeius (dei)auimi fusionem 
universaiii, Cic. 

fUstis -is, abl. -i and -e, in. a slick, staff, 
cudgel, club, Cic. 

fustuarium -ii, n. (sc. supplicium, from 
ftistis), hading to death with sticks, the military 
punishment for desertion ; fustuarium uierere or 
mereii, Cic. 

1. fusus -a -urn (p. adj. of 2. fundo), spread 
out, extended ; 1, a, of places, campi fusi^ in 
oiiaiein partem, Very. ; b, of bodies, suut fusa 
et Candida corpora, fleshy, Liv. ; 2, let loose; a, 
flowing free; crines, Verg. ; b, of discourse, 
diffuse ; genus sermonis, Cic. 

2. fusus -i, m., a spindle; fusnm versare, 
Ov. ; as au attribute of the Parcae, suis 
dixerunt, currite fusis, Verg. 

futilis -e (connected with 2. fundo), 1, that 
cannot hold or contain ; glacies, brittle, Verg. ; 
2, rain, worthless, futile, good for nothing ; harus- 
pices, Cic. ; senteutiae, Cic. 

futilitas -5tis, f. (futilis), worthlessness, folly, 
silliness, Cic. 

futurus -a -um (partic. fut. of fuo, used as 
the partic, of sum), future, about to be; res, Cic; 
terapus, Cic. Subst., futurum -i, n. the 
future ; haud ignara futuri, Verg. ; videre in 
futurur.:, Liv. ; plur., Tutura -orum, n. the 
future; futura prospicere, Cic. 



~ G. 

Gg, the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, 
, originally represented by C, introduced 
into the Latin alphabet about the time of the 
Second Punic War. For the use of this letter iu 
abbreviations, see Table of Abbreviations. 

Gabali -Orum, m. and Gabales -um, m. a 
people in, the south-east of Gallia Aquitania. 

Gabii -5rum, ni. a very ancient city of Latium, 
between fame and Praencste. Adj., Gabmus 
-a -um, Gabinian; via, from Gabii to Ronie, Liv. ; 
Juno, honoured in Gabii, Verg. ; cinctus, a par- 
ticular mode of wearing the toga, in which one 
end was passed over the head, and the other round 
the waist, Liv. 

Gabmius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated member of which was A. Gabinius, 
who restored the Egyptian king Ptolemaeus Auletes 
to his kingdom; hence adi-, Gabinian ; lex, a law 
giving extraordinary military power to Pompeius. 
Adj., Gabinlanus -a -um, of or belonging to 
Gabinius. 

Gades and Gadis -iuin, f. a town in the 
south-west of Spain, now Cadi:. Gaditanus 
-a -uiu, of or belonging to Gades. 

gaesum -i, u. a very strong and heavy javelin, 
originally a (laulish weapon, Caes. 

Gactuli -orum, m. a people in north-west 
Africa. Adj., Gactulus -a -um, poet, African, 
Libyan: 

Gaius and Gaia, v. Caius. 

Galaesus -i, m. a river in the south of Italy, 
now Galaso. - 

Galatae -arum, m. a Celtic people settled in a 
■part of Phrygia. Hence, Galatia -ae, f. the 

country of the Galatae. 

Galba -ae, m. a cognomen of the Sulpiciaa gens. 
galbaneus -a -um (galbauum), of or relating 

<o galbanum, Verg. • • ' ■ ■ 



galbanum -i, n. (xaA^oio)), the resinous sap 
of a Syrian plant (bubon galbanum, Liuu.), 
Pliu. 

galbanus -a -um, greenish yellow, yellowish, 
Juv. 

galbeum -i, n. a kind of fillet or bandage for 
the arm, Suet. 

galblnus -a, -um, greenish-yellow; subst., 
galbinum -i, n. a greenish-yellow garment, 
Juv. 

galea -ae, f. a helmet (orig. of leather, opp. 
cassis, of metal), Caes., Cic. 

galeo, 1. (galea), to put on a helmet; partic, 
galeatus, armed with a helmet ; Minerva, Cic 

Galedtae -arum, m. (raAeurai), a body oj 
Sicilian seers, Cic. 

galericulum -i, n. (dim. of galerum), 1, a 
scull-cap, Mart. ; 2, a wig, Suet. 

galeritus -a -um (galerus), 1, wearing a 
skull-cap of fur, Prop. ; 2, transf., galerita avis, 
the crested lark (alauda enstata, Liuu.) 

galerum -i, n. (galerus -i, rn.), 1, a cap of 
fur, skull-cup, Verg. ; 2, a wig, Juv. 

Galesus = Galaesus (q.v.). 

galla -ae, f. the gall-nut, oak-apple, Verg. 

Galli -orum, m. the Gauls, a Celtic people, 
living to the west of the Rhine and in the north 
of Italy as well as in Phrygia ; sing., GallUS 
-i, m. a Gaul, and Galla -ae, f. a Gaulish 
woman. Hence, A. Gallia -ae, f. Gaul, the 
land of the Gauls; cisalpina, or ulterior, Lom- 
bard y ; transalpiua, or ulterior, Gaul north oj 
the Alps, Caes. B. Gallicanus -a -uiu, belong- 
ing to Gallia provincia, the south-east part of Gaul 
C. GalllCUS -a -um. Gaulish. 

galliambus -i, m. a so>ig of the priests of 
Cybele, Mart. 

gailina -ae, f. (1. gallus), a hen, fowl, Cic. 

gallinaceus -a -um (gailina), relating to 
poultry ; gallus, Cic. ; m. a cock. 

gallinarius -a -tun (gailina). _relating or 
belonging to poultry. Subst., galliuariua -i, 
m. one who has the care of poultry, Cic 

Gallograecia -ae, f. = Galatja (q.v.). 
Hence, Gajlograecus -a -um, Galatian. 

1. gaUlls -i, m. a cock, diiKghill cock ; gal- 
lorum cantus, cock-crowing, Cic 

2. Gallus, a Gaul, v. Galli. 

3. Gallus -i, m. (riXAos), 1, a Phrygian 
river, now Kadshasu; hence, adj., Gallicua 
-a -um, poet. = Phrygian, Trojan, Prop. ; 
2 (hence), Galli -orum, m. the priests of Cybele ; 
sing., Gallus -i, m. and Galla -ae, f.; hence, 
adj., Galllcus -a -um, turba, the priests; of Isis, 
whose worship resembled that of Cybele, Ov. 

4. Gallus -i, m. Cornelius (69-26 b.c), a poet 
and orator, friend of Vergil. 

Ganielion -onis, in. (Tanrt^ujv), the seventh 
month of the Attic year, corresponding to our 
January, Cic. 

ganca -ac, f. and ganeum -i, n. (connected 
with ydvo-;, ydrvnai), a low ca ling -house ; melon., 
debauchery, Cic. 

ganeo -onis, m. (ganea or ganeum), a pro- 
fligate person, debauchee, glutton, Cic. 

Gangaridae and Gangarldes -um, m. a 
people in India, on the Ganges. 

Ganges -is, m. (Tayyns;), the river Ganges. 
Adj., Gangetlcus -a -um, and Gangetls 
-idis, f. poet. = Indian, Ov. 

gann* i. to yelp, whine, io snarl, growl', 
grumble, Piaut., Ter. 

gannitus -us, m. (gannio), 1, a larking. 



Gan 



238 



gem 



yelping, snarling of dogs, Lucr. ; 2, applied to 
meu, Mart. 

Ganymedes -is, m. (Vaw^Sn^), son of the 
Trojan king Pros, carried off on. account of his 
beauty to heaven by an eagle, and made the cup- 
bearer of Jove. 

Garamantes -am, m. (rapofiai'Tts), a people 
in the interior of Africa. Hence, Garamantis 
•Idis, f.= African, Verg. 

Garganus -i, m. a mountain of Apulia, now 
Monte di S. Angelo. Adj., Garganus -a -uni, 
o/or belonging to Garganus. 

Gargaphie -es, f. (rapY<i</>t<i), a valley of 
Boeotia, sacred to Diana. 

Gargara -5ruru, n. (Vapyapa), the highest 
peak of Mount Ida in Mysia, with a town of ! <i 
same name. 

GargettUS -i, HI. (TapynTrot), a deme in 
Attica, birthplace of Epicunui, hence called Gar- 
gettius. 

GargiliuS -ii, m. a Roman name. 

gar on = garum (q.v.). 

garrio -ivi and -Ii -Hum, 4. (connected with 
■ynpvu), to chatter, prate, babble; a, intransit., 
in iis philosophi garrire coeperunt, Cic. ; b, 
transit., quicquid iu buccam (sc. venerit), Cic. 

garrulitas -atis, f. [(garrulus), chattering, 
of magpies, garrulitas rauca, Ov. 

garrulus -a -uni (garrio). I. Lit., 1, of 
men, talkative, garrulous, chattering, babbling; 
ganuia lingua, Ov. ; 2, applied to animals, 
comix, Ov. ; hiruudo, Verg. II. Transf., noisy, 
sounding; rivus, Ov. ; lyra, Tib. 

Garumna -ae, f. a river in Gaul, now the 
Garonne. Hence, Garunmi -orum, m. the 
people living on the Garonne. 

garum (garon), -i, n. a costly fish-sauce, Ov. 

Gates -um, in. a people in Aquitania. 

gaudeo, gavlsus sum, 2. (root GA, TA, 
whence yaio>, -yavpos, yijSe'w), to rejoice, find 
•pleasure or delight in anything, be glad, delight 
in. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, intransit., si est nunc 
\illus gaudendi locus, Cic; poet, with parti ., 
gaudent scribentes, write with pleasure, Hor. , 
milii gaudeo, rejoice for my part, Cic; gen. 
with abl. of cause, correctione gaudere, Cic. ; 
b, transit., gen. with ace and infill., quae 
perfecta esse gaudeo, Cic. ; poet, with inlin. 
alone, laedere gaudes, IK,;.; with quod, sane 
gaudeo quod te interpellavi, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
in sinu gaudere, to rejoice in secret, Cic. ; 2, 
inlin., gaudere as a salutation, Celso gaudere 
refer, take my greeting to Cclsvs, Hor. II. 
Transf., of inanimate objects, to delight in; 
Hcena gaudens miraeulis, Liv. 

gaudium -Ii, n. (gaudeo), joy. gladness, 
delight (as an inward feeling, while laetitia de- 
notes the external expression). I. Lit, gaudio, 
(for joy) lacrimare, triumpliare, Cic. ; exsultare, 
Cic. ; aiiquem gaudio afficere, Liv. ; gaudia cor- 
poris, Sail. II. Meton., that which produces 
delight ; sua gaudia, Verg. 

Gaurus -i, m. a mountain in Campania, now 
Monte Gav.ro. 

gausapa -ae, f-, and gausape -is, u., and 
gausapum -i, n., and gausapes -is, m. 

(ya\j7a.irr\i). a WOOUen doth, With along il'ip on 
ide, frieze, Ov. , Hor. 
gaza -ae, t the royal treasure of Persia, treasure 
generally , riches, wealth; regia, Cic. 

GSla -ae. f. (ftU), town or. the south coast of 
BieUy. Hence, 1, adj., Gelous -a -um, oj or 
celc^.gi-r.g ro Gela; 2, Gelsnses -ftun, m. the 
tAWiza-tf Gtlq. 



Gclas -ae, voc Gcla, m. (IVAaj), a river nn 

the south coast of Sicily. 

gelaslnus -i, m, (ye\acrivo$), a dimple 0)1 
the cheek, Mart. 

golldo, adv. (gelidus), coldly, languidly, 
feebly, Hor. 

gelidus -a -um (gelu), cold, toy-cold, frosty, 
icy. I. Lit., aqua, Cic. ; humor, ice, Verg 
Subsfc., gellda -ae, f. ice-cold water, Hor. II. 
Transf., applied to the chill of old age, fear, 
death, etc.; sanguis, Verg. ; mors, Hor.; metus, 
Ov. 

Gellius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the most 
famous member of which was A. Gellius, a gram- 
marian of the second century a.d., one of whose 
works, Noctes Atticae, is still extant. 

gelo, 1. (gelu). I. Transit., to cause to freeze, 
to freeze; pavido gelantur pectore, Juv. II. 
Intransit., to freeze, Plin. 

Gelonl -orum, m. (reAuroi), a Scythian or 
Sarmatian people onthe Borytthenes, who tattooed 
themselves. Sing., Gelonus -i, m., coll. the 
Geloni, Verg. 

gelu, n., gelus -iis, m., gelum -i, n., 1, 
frost, icy eold ; rura gelu claudit hienis, Verg. ; 
2, the chill of age, death, fear, etc., Verg. 

gemebundus -a -um (geino), groaning, 
sighing, Ov. 

gemellipara -ae, fein. adj. (gemelli and 
pario), twin-bearing ; dea, or diva, Latona, Ov. 

gemellus -a -um (dim. of geminus), twin, 
twin-born. A. Lit., fratres, proles, Ov. ; heuce 
subst., gemellus -i, m., a twin, Cat.; plur., 
gemelli, twins, Ov. B. Transf., a, paired, 
double; quam (legionem) factam ex duabus ge- 
mellam appellabat, Caes. ; b, resembling each 
other like trcins, similar ; par nobile fratrum 
nequitia et nugis pravorum et amore geinellum, 
Hor. 

geminatio -onis, f. (gemino), a doubling; 
verborum, Cic. 

gemino, 1. (geminus). I. Transit., 1, to 
double; victoriac laetitiam, Liv.; aera, to strike 
together, Hor.; partic, geminntus -a -um, 
doubled; sol, Cic»; 2, to repeat, unite closely; 
geminata ac duplicata ponantur, Cic; to pair; 
serpentes avibus, Hor. II. Intransit., to be 
double, Lucr. 

geminus -a -um (perhaps from geno = gigno), 
twin, twin-born. I.. Lit., fratres, Cic. Subst., 
geinini -orum, in. twins, especially the twins 
Castor and Pollux. II. Transf., A. a, doubled, 
of double nature; Chiron, the Centaur, half man 
and half horse, Ov. ; Cccrops, half Greek and half 
Egyptian, Ov. ; b, doubled = two; lumen, Cic. ; 
acies, Verg. B. similar, alike; geminus et sini- 
illimus nequitia, Cic. 

gemitus -us, m. (gemo), a sigh, groan. I. 
A. Lit., gemitus tit, Cic. ; gemitum or gemitus 
dare, Ov. B. Meton., pain, Verg. II. Transf., 
a groaning, roaring 'pelagi, Verg. 

gemma -ae, «. ,'probably connected with 
y('p.u>). I. a bud or eye of a plant, Cic II. a 
jewel, gem, precious stone. A. Lit., Cic. B. 
Meton., 1, a thing made of or adorned with 
j:wels ; a, a goblet ; biber? gemm§, Verg.; b, a 
seal-ring, eal ; gemmS signari, Ov.; 2, gemma'-, 
'■ eyi ' a. peacock's tail, Ov. 

genimatus ■?. -um (g<-mma), set or adorned' 
with jewch ; menilia, Ov. 

gemmcus ? -um (gemma), mc.de cr sei with 
';, gemmed; tmlla, Cic. 

gemmifer -f^ra -ferarr. (genirr.a and fero), 
bsari ng or prod'/ctntf fcwels; rrure,F>op. 

gemnio, ). (^emma). I. to bur"; vites, OJo, 



gem 



2:J9 



gen 



II. A. lobe set with jewels; sceptra gcnunaiitia, 
<iv. B. to glitter like jewels ; herbae gemmantes 
rore recenti, Lucr. 

gemo -ui -Hum, 3. I. Intransit., A. Lit., to 
sigh, groan; desiderio alicuius, Cic. B. poet., 
transf., a, of animals, of the lion, to roar, Lucr.; 
of the turtle-dove, to coo, Verg.; b. of inanimate 
objects, to groan, creak; gementis litoraBospori, 
Hor. ; gemuit sub pondere cymba, Verg. II. 
Transit., to sigh or groan over, lament, bemoan; 
aliquid, Cic; Ityn, Hor. 

Gemoniae -arum, f. (sc. scalae), or more 
rarely Gemoniae scalae, a /light of steps from the 
Aventlne hill to the Tiber, clown vjhich the dead 
bodies of malefactors were thrown. 

gena -ae, f. usually plur. (cf. ytws). I. the 
check, Cic. II. Meton., a, the eyelid, Enn. ; b, 
the eye-hole, Ov. ; c, the eyes ; et patiar fossis 
lumen abire gems, Ov. 

Genabum -i, n. a town in Gaul, the capital 
of the Carnutes, now Orleans. Adj., Gcnaben- 
sis -e, o/or belonging to Genabum. 

Genauni -drum, m. (Tevavvoi.), a people in 
Vindelicia. 

Genava -ae, f. a town of the Allobroges on 
the borders of the Helvetii, now Geneva. 

genealogus -i, in. (yei/eoAoyos), a genealogist, 
Cic.^ 

gener -eri, ni. a son-in-law, Cic. ; grand- 
daughter's husband, Tac. ; sometimes = brother- 
in-law, >"ep. 

generalis -e (genus), 1, relating or belonging 
to a kind or genus, generic; constitutio, Cic. ; 2, 
general ; quoddam decorum, Cic. 

generaliter adv. (generalis), in general, 
generally, Cic. 

generasco, 3. (genero), to be generated, to be 
produced, Lucr. 

generatim, adv. (genus), 1, according to 
kinds or classes; copias generatim, constituere, 
Caes. ; 2, in general, generally; loqui de aliqua 
re, Cic. 

generator -oris, m. (genero), a begetter, 
producer; nosse generatores suos optime pote- 
rant, Cic. 

genero, 1. (genus), to beget, produce, create, 
cause to exist, bring to life, generate; deus hom- 
ineni generavit, Cic. ; Herculis stirpe gener- 
atus, Cic. ; quale portentum nee Jubao tollus 
yeiierat, Hor. 

generose, adv. (generosus), nobly; perire, 
Hor. 

generosus -a -urn (genus). A. 1, of noble 
birth, noble; virgo, Cic.; 2, applied to animals, 
plants, or inanimate objects, excellent in kind, 
noble, of superior quality, well-bred ; pecus, Verg. ; 
vinuin, Hor. ; of abstractions, ortus amicitia, 
Cic. B. Trausf., noble, magnanimous; virtus, 
Cic. ; mens, Ov. 

genesis -is, f. (yeVeo-is), the constellation 
which presides over one's birth, Juv. 

genetivus (genitivus) -a -urn (geno = 
gigno), 1, inborn, innate; imago, Ov. ; nomina, 
family names, Ov. ; 2, casus, the genitive case. 

genetrix -trlcis, f. (genitor). A. one who 
brings forth or bears, a mother ; magna deum 
genetrix, Cybele, Verg. B. Transf., she that pro- 
duces ; fragum, Ceres, Ov. 

genialis -e (genins), of or belonging to the 
genius. I. relating to the genins of marriage, 
nuptial ; lectus, the marriage-bed, Cic. ; and subst. 
genialis -is, m. (sc. torus), the marriage-bed, 
Liv. II. relating to the genius as partaking 
in enjoyment, pleasant, joyful, gay, delightful; 
fittus:, Ov. ; hioiVis, Vor£, 



genialitcr, adv. (genialis), jovially, gaily, 
Ov. 
geniciilatus -a -am (geuiculum), knotty, 

full of knots ; culinus, Cic. 

geniculum -i, n. (dim. of genu), 1, Die knee, 
Varr.; 2, a knot of a plant, Plin, 

genista (genesta) -ae, f. the plant broom, 
Verg. 

genitabilis -e (geno = gigno), relating to 
production or birth, fruitful, productive, Lucr. 

genitalis -e (geno = gigno), belonging to 
birth, generation, generating, producing, fruitful; 

1, dies, birthday, Tac; 2, subst, Genitalis 
-is, f. surname of Diana as presiding over births, 
Hor. 

genitaliter, adv. (genitalis), in a fruitful 
manner, Lucr. 

genitivus, v. gSnStivus. 

genitor -oris, m. (geno = gigno), 1, a begetter, 
father. Cic. ; deum, Jupiter, Ov. ; urbis, Romu- 
lus, Ov. ; 2, producer; quae genitor produxerifc 
usus, Hor. 

genitura -ae, f. (geno = gigno), 1, a beget- 
ting, engendering, bringing forth, Plin. ; 2, the 
constellation which presides over a birth, Suet. 

genius -ii, in. (geno = gigno), 1, the guardian 
spirit of a man or place, a genius ; genium piare 
or placare, Hor. ; genium curare vino, to enjoy 
oneself with, Hor. ; December geniis acceptus 
(because Of rest from toil in the fields), Ov. ; 

2, tahnt, genius, Juv. 
geno = gigno (q.v.). 

gens, geutis, f. (geno, old form of gigno). I. 
a clan, a number of families connected together by 
a common descent and the use of the same gentile 
name (orig. only patrician, after the establish- 
ment of coiiinibium between patricians and 
plebeians, plebeian also) A. a, lit., vir patriciae 
gentis, Cic. ; gens Cornelia, Liv. ; Peruvius, sine 
gente, of low origin, Hor. ; patricii majorum 
{senators appointed by Romulus), et minorum (ap- 
pointed by Tarquin), gentium, Cic; a breed or 
species of animals, Verg.; b, transf., dii majorum 
gentium, the supreme or superior gods, Cic. ; dii 
minorum gentium, the inferior, Cic. B. (Poet.) 
Meton., offspring, descendant; vigilasne,. deflni 
gens, Aen'ea? Verg. II. a people, tribe, nation. 
A. 1, lit., exterae nationcs et gentes, Cic; 
Sucvorum, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, a district, can-- 
ton ; ipsum in earn ppntem iturum, Liv. ; b, 
partitive genii., ubinam gentium sumus? where 
in the world are we? Cic. B. gcr.tes, foreigners, 
Tac. III.= genus, gens humaua, the human 
race, Cic. 

genticus -a -um (gens), belonging to a nation, 
national, , Tac. 

gentilicius -a -um (gentilis), belonging to a 
particular gens ; sacra, Liv. ; sacrificia, Cic. 

gentilis -e (gens). L belonging to a gens, 
gentile; manus, of the 300 Fabii, Ov. Subst, 
gentilis -is, m. a clansman, a person of the 
same gens, Cic. ; plur., Cic II. belonging lo the 
some country, national; religio, Tac. 

gentilitas -atia, f. (gentilis), relationship 
between the members of a gens, Cic. 

genu -us, n. (yow), the knee, Cic. ; accidere 
genibus alicuius, Liv.; attingere alicuius genu, 

Liv. ,; 

Genua -ae, f. coast-town in Liguria, now 
Genoa. 

genuale -is, n. (genu), a knee-band, garter, 
Ov. 

1. genuinus -a -um (geno = gigno). natun 
inTSiU ; ,scinjir.->,p dQ^totlcseque virt,ut6g, Cjci. 



gen 



240 



Gig 



2. genuinus -a -uin (genac), relating or be- 
longing to the cheek or jaw; dentes, the back- 
teeth, Cic. Subst., genuinus -i, m. a jaw- 
tooth, Juv. 

1. genus -eris, n. (root GEN, whence geno 
= gigna and -ycVo?). I. birth, descent, origin, 
esp. of high birth ; generis auctor, father, Ov. ; 
genus patricium, Liv. ; plebeitun, Liv. ; ma- 
ternuni, paternnni, Cic. ; of animals, Ov. II. 
race. A. 1, nation, stock ; Hispauum, Liv. ; 2, 
&, family, honse; genus Aeniiliuin, Fabium, Liv.; 
gencre regio iiatuin esse, Cic. ; b, offspring, de- 
scendant, and collectively, descendants ; genus 
dooruni (of Aeneas), Verg. ; 3, sex; genus virile, 
muliebre, Cic. B. 1, of living beings, a, race, 
kind; genus hunianum, Cic; b, (a) of persons, 
class, sort, kind; omnis generis homines, Cic; 
(0) of animals, species, class ; multa genera 
ferarum, Caes. ; 2, of things, a, lit., kind, 
variety, sort; omne genus frugum, Liv.; id 
genus imperii, Cic. ; philosoph. t. t., genus 
in logic, genus univcrsuin in species certas 
partiri, Cic; b, fashion, manner, way; tota 
doinus in omni genere diligeus, Cic. 

2. ggnus -us = genu (q.v.). 

Genusus -i, ra. a river on the borders of 
Macedonia, now Iskumi. 

geogr&pala -ae, f. (yecuypa^i'a), geography, 
Cic. 

geom§tres -ae, m. (yew/xtVpijs), a geometer, 
Cic. 

geometria -ae, f. (yeoip-trpia.), geometry, Cic 

geometrlcUS -a -uni (yeeojxeTpiKOs), gtO- 

metrical; forinae, figures, Cic. Subst., geo- 
metrica -orum, n. geometry; geomctrica di- 
dicisse, Cic 

georglcus -a -um (yetupymtk), agricultural. 
Subst., Georglca -orum, n. the Georgics of 
Vergil. 

Geraesticus portus, a harhovr near Teos, 
in Ionia. 

Geraestos and -us -i, f. (repaiaTos), seaport 
town in Euboea. 

Gergovla -ae, f. town of the Arverni in Gallia. 
Aquitania. 

Germalus (Cerm&lus) -i, m. a part, of the 
Palatine Hill at JRome. 

germane, adv. (germanus), faithfully, hon- 
estly; rescribere, Cic. 

German! -orum, m. the Germans; hence, 1. 
Germanus -a -um, German ; 2. Germanla 
-ae, f. Germany ; superior, inferior, Tac. ; plur., 
Germaniae.Tac. ; 3. Gorman) cus -a -um, Ger- 
man. Subst., Germanicus -i, m. as a sur- 
name (on account of his victories over the Ger- 
mans), Germanicus Caesar, son of Drusus, and 
nephew of Tiberius. 

germanitas -aiis (germanus), 1, f/te rela- 
tionship between brothers and sisters, brotherhood, 
sistcrhootl, Cic. ; 2, the connexion between cities 

which are colonies of the same mother-city, Liv. 

1. germ&nus -a -um (like germeii, from 
peno=gigno). A. having the same parents or 
at least the same father ; fratcr, soror, Cic. Subst. , 
a, germanus -i, m. own brother ; b, ger- 
mana -ae, f. own sister, Verg. B. Transf., a, 
brotherly, sisterly; ingcrmanuin modum, Plant. ; 
h,genuine, real, true; scio measiimm gernianuui 
fuiss'e, Cic. ; juatitia, Cic. 

2. Germanus -a-um, v. German). 

germen -inis, n. (perhaps from geno — gigno 
and suffix -men, orig. genmen, then gesmen, 
germen, cf. carmen), J, a bud, sprout, twig, 
Verg. ; 2, offspring, Ov. 



germino, 1. (germen). to spr-jut forth, Hor. 

1. gero, gessi, gestuir, 3. to carry. I. Gen., 
A. Lit., saxa in iuuros, Lir. B. Transf., 1, se 
gerere, to behave oneself, to conduct 07ieself; se 
honeste, Cic; with pro (= as) and the abl., ita 
se jam turn pro cive gessisse, Cic. ; 2, to con- 
duct, manage; quid negotii geritur, Cic; neg- 
otium, or rem, bene, or male gerere, Cic ; rem 
or res gerere (of generals), to hold the command ; 
Cnaeus terra, Publius navibus rem gercret, Liv.; 
also rem gerere, to fight, Liv. ; res gestae, ex- 
ploits, esp., warlike exploits, Cic; negotii ger- 
entes, business people, Cic. ; esp., a, to hold, some 
public office, to hold, to manage; rempublicam 
gerere atque administrare, Cic. ; magistratum, 
Lie; b, bellum gerere, to wage war, cum 
aliquo, or adversus aliquem, or in aliquem, Cic. ; 
3, prae se gerere = prae se ferre, to exhibit, 
manifest ; utilitatem, Cic. II. Esp., to carry 
on oneself, to have. A. Lit., 1, gen., hastam, 
Verg.; 2, to bear, produce ; platani nialos gessere,. 
Verg. B. Transf., I, personam alicuius gerere, 
to act the part of, Cic. ; 2, amicitiam, to enter- 
tain, Cic. 

2. gero -Onis, m. (1. gero), a carrier, Plaut. 

Geronium -ii, n. town in Apulia Daunia or 
Samnium. 

gerrae -arum, f. (ye'ppa), wattled twigs, Varr. ; 
transf., trifles, nonsense, Plaut. 

gerro -onis, m. (gerrae), a trifier, idler, Ter. 

gerulus -i, m. (1. gero), a porter, carrier, Hor. 

Geryon (Geryo) -6nis, m. and Geryonea 

-ae, in. {Ynpvuv and Tnpvovr}<;), myth., a king 
with three bodies, living in the island of Erythia, 
■whose oxen were carried off by Hercules. 

gestamen -inis, n. (gesto), 1, that which is 
carried either us a burden or an ornament; clipcus 
gestamen Abautis, Verg. ; 2, that in or on which 
anything is carried, a litter, Tac. 

gesticiilor, 1. dep. (from gesticulus, dim. of 
gestus), to make pantomimic gestures, gesticulate, 
to represent or express by pantomime, Suet. 

1. gestio -onis, f. (1. gero), management, jier- 
formance; negotii, Cic. 

2. gestio -ivi and -0 -Hum, 4. (gestus), 1, 
to exult, to be cheerful, lively, to be transported ; 
laetitiS, Cic ; voluptate, Cic. ; animus gestiens 
rebus secundis, Liv. ; 2, to desire passjonately, 
be eager ; with infin., scire omnia, Cic. ; absol., 
studio lavaudi, Verg. 

gestlto, 1. (freq. of 1. gero), to carry often, 
carry much, be acevstomed to carry, Plaut. 

gesto, 1. (intens. of 1. gero), to carry, bear, 
carry about one, wear; clavos lnanu, Hor.; 
caput in pilo, Cic. 

gestor -oris, m. (1. gero), a tale-bearer, gossip, 
Plant. 

gestus -us, in. (l. gero), 1, the cat riage of th* 
hndy ; corporis, Cic. ; 2, esp., the studied gestures 
or gesticulation of an actor or orator ; histrionum 
lmnuulli gestus, Cic; in gestu peccare, Cic. 

Getae -arum, m. (IVrm), a people of Tin are 
living near the Danube. Sing., Gcta -ac, in., 
andG^tes-ac, m.,gen. collect., the Getae; hence, 
a, adj., Gctos -ae, m. Gctic; b, Geticus 
-a -um, poet. = Thracia.n; c, adv., Getice. 
after the Gctic fashion ; loqui, Ov. 

Getulus, ctc.= Gaetulus, etc (q.v.). 

gibber -era -eruni, hump-backed, Suet. 

gibbus -i, m. (connected with kvittui, Ku<i>os), 
a hump, hirnch, Juv. 

GIgas -gantis, m. {Tiyas), a. giant; gen. 
plur., Gi^antes, sons of Terra, who stormed th» 
he/yens, but were killed hy the lightning of Jupiter^ 



gig 



241 



glu 



Adj., Giganteus -a -um, relating to the giants, 
gigantic, Verg. 

gigno, genui, genitum, 3. (geno, connected 
with yivonai, yiyvop.a.i), to beget, bear, bring forth. 
A. Lit., Herculein Juppitergenuit, Cic; Hecuba 
Alcxaudrum genuit, Cic. B. Transf., to cause; 
pennotionem animorum, Cic. 

gilVUS -a -um, pale yellow, Verg. 

gingiva -ae, f. the gum, Cat. 

gimtrix = genetrix (q.v.). 

glaber -lira -brum, without hair, smooth- 
shinned, Plaut. 

glacialis -e (glacies), relating or pertaining 
to ice, icy; liiems, Verg. ; frigus, Ov. 

glacies -ei, f. 1, ice; dura et altc concreta 
glacies, Liv. ; plur., "lacies Hyperboreae, Verg. ; 
2, hardness ; aeris, Lucr. 

gl&cio, 1. (glacies), to freeze; niv.,s, flor. 

gladiator -oris, in. (gladius), one wlw was 
hired to fight at publie shows, funerals, etc., a 
gladiator. A. Lit., Cic; as a term of reproach, 
bandit, brigand, Cic. B. Metou., gladiatores = 
gladiatorial exhibition ; dare, Cic; abl., gladiat- 
oribus, at the gladiatorial games, Cic. 

gladlatorlus -a -um (gladiator), a, relating 
or pertaining to gladiators, gladiatorial; ludus, 
Cic. ; iamilia, a troop or band of gladiators, Cic ; 
locus, the place of exhibition, Cic; consessus, the 
assembled spectators, Cic. nuinus, spectaculum, 
Cic; b, transf., totius corporis tirmitas, Cic. 
Subst., gl&diatorium -ii, n. the pay of gladia- 
tors, Liv. 

gladiatiira -ae, f. (gladiator), a combat of 
gladiators, Tac. 

gladius -Ii, m. (root CLAD, whence also 
clades), a sword, a short sword (ensis, a longer 
one). A. Lit., gladius vagina vacuus, a naked 
sword, Cic ; gladium stringere, Caes. ; de- 
stringere, Cic. ; educere, Caes. ; nudare, to draw 
the sword, Ov. ; aliqucm gladio insequi, Cic; 
alicui gladium intentare, Liv.; traustigere ali- 
quem gladio per pectus, Liv.; prov., plumbeo 
gladid-jugulari, to be defeated with little trouble, 
Cic. B. Meton., that which is done by the 
sword ; tanta gladiorum impunitas, ofmurder,Cic. 

glaeba = gleba (q.v.). 

glaesum (glesum) -i, n. amber, Tac 

glandifer -fera -ferum (glans and fero), 
acorn-bearing ; quercus, Cic 

glans, glandis, f. (/3aAaK>s), 1, an acorn, and 
gen. any fruit of similar shape, Hor. ; 2, a bullet 
discharged from a sling; glandes fundis in casas 
jacere, Caes. 

glar£a -ae, f. gravel, Cic. 

glaredsus -a -um (glarea), gravelly, full of 
gravel; saxa, Liv. 

glaucoma -Stis, n. (yAatixw^a), a disease of 
the eye, Plin. 

1. glauous -a -um (yAavxds), bluish-grey; 
unlix, Verg. ; ainictus Arethusae, Verg. 

2. GlauOUS -i, m. (rAau/cds), 1 a fisherman 
of Anthedon, changed into a sea-god, the prophet 
of the Nereids ; 2, son, of Sisyphus, torn to pieces 
by his own horses. 

gleba (glaeba) -ac, f. (connected with 
globus and glomus). I. a lump or clod of earth, 
Cic. ; met., land, soil; terra potens ubere glebae, 
Verg. II. Transf., apiece, lump of any substance; 
picis, Caes. ; turis, Lucr. 

s glebula -ae, f. (dim. of gleba, a little clod), 
1, a Utile farm or estate, Juv. ; 2, a small lump 
or bit of any substance, Plin. 

glesum = glaesum (q.v.). 

glis, gliris, m. a dormouse, Plin. 



glisco, 3., 1, to grow up, swell up, blaze up; 
adjuveuilein libidinein copia voluptatuin gliscit 
ilia, ut iguis oleo, Cic. ; ignis sub pectore glis- 
cens. Lucr. ; 2. to increase, swell, spread; ne glis- 
ceret negligendo bellum, Liv. ; gliscente in dies 
seditione, Liv. ; multitudo gliscit immensum, 
increases very much, Tac. 

gldbo, 1. (globus), 1, to form into a ball, 
Plm. ; 2, to form into a mass, to crowd together, 
Plin. 

globc-SUS -a -um (globus), spherical, globe- 
shaped; terra, Cic. 

globulus -i, in. (dim. of globus), a littleround 
ball, globule, Plin. 

globus -i, m. 1, a round ball, globe, sphere ; 
stellarum, Cic; terrae, Cic; 2, a, a round 
heap or mass; flammarum, Verg. ; b, a troop, 
crowd, mass of people; globus circumstans con- 
sulis corpus, Liv. 

glomeramen -iuis, n. (glomero), a round 
mass, globe, Lucr. 

glomero, 1. (glomus). I. Lit., A. to wind 
round, makea ball, form, into a sphere ; lanam in 
orbes, Ov. B. Of food, to roll into a ball; frusta 
mero glomerata, Ov. II. Transf., A. Of horse- 
men, superbos gressus, to make a horse curvet or 
prance, Verg. B. to gather together, collect, form 
into a mass ; agmiua, Verg. ; glomerantur apes 
in orbeiu, Verg. 

glomus -ens, n. (akin to globus), clue, skein, 
ball of thread ; lauae, Hor. 

gloria -ae, f. (root CLU, CLO ; Gk: KAY, 
K.VE, whence Latin laus, Gk. kAc'oj), fame, re- 
nown, glory. I. Lit., doctrinae et ingenii, Cic. ; 
in summam glorkun venire, Cic ; gloriam habere, 
cousequi, capere, acquirere, Cic. ; gloriam sequi, 
Cic; aliquem gloiia aiheere, to honour, Cic; 
plur., gloriae, opportunities for fame, Sail. II, 
Melon., A. a, a glorious deed, Tac; b, pride, 
glory; taurus pecoris, or armeuti, gloria, Ov. 
B. In a bad sense, vain-glory, boasting, ambi- 
tion, pride, Cic. 

gloriatio -onis, f. (glorior), a glorying, boast- 
ing, Cic. 

gldridla -ae, f. (dim. of gloria), a little glory ; 
hisce euro ornes gloriolae insignibus, Cic. 

glorior, 1. dep. (gloria), to glory in, boast of, 
pride oneself on anything; 1, absol.,-hic tu me 
gloriari veras, Cic. ; with adverbs, nimis, Cic. ; 
insolenter, Cic. ; with adversus and the ace, ue 
adversus te quidem jionabor, Liv. ; with in and. 
the abL, in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet. 
Ball. ; 2, with abl., nominibus veterum, Cic. ; 
sua victoria tain insolenter, Caes. ; 3, with de 
and the abl., de tuis benenciis intolerantissime 
gloriaris, Cic ; 4, with ace and infill., is mihi 
etiam gloriabitur se omnes magistratus sine re- 
pulsa assecutum, Cic ; 5, with pronoun ace, 
velleni equidem idem posse gloriari quod Cyrus, 
Cic ; partic. fut. pass., gloriandus, glorious, 
worthy to be boasted of; beata vita glonanda et 
pracdicanda est, Cic 

gloriosc, adv. (gloriosus), 1, with glon/, 
gloriously; aliquid gloriosissime et magniti- 
centisaiiue conficpie, Cic. ; 2, vauutingly, boast- 
ingly ; mentiri, Cic 

gloriosus -a -um (gloria). I. Object, 
famous, glorious ; mors, Cic ; gloriosissimum 
factum, Cic. II, Subject., a, ambitious, Cic; 
b, pretentious, boastful; miles, Cic. 

glubo, glupsi, gluptum, 3. 1, to peel, tak» 
off the rind or bark, Varr. ; 2, transf., to rob; 
magnanimos Remi nepotes, Cat. 

gluten -tin is, n. glue, Verg. 

glutinator -5ris, m. (glutino), one who glue* 
together books, a bookbinder, Cic. 



glu 



:4_ 



gra 



gluiino, 1. (gluten), to glue or paste together, 

rim. 

glutlO (gluttio) -ivi or -ii -ltum, 4. to sit-oZ- 
low, gulp down; epulas, Juv. 

gluto (glutto) -onis, in. (glutio), a glutton, 
Pel's. 

Glycera -ae, f. (TAuice'pa), a woman's name. 

Glyco and Gljrcon -onis, m. (TAvkuv), 1, 
a ceUbmted athlete, Hor. ; 2, a physician, Cic 

Gnaeus -i, iu. a Roman name, shortened Cn. 

gnaritas -atis, f. (gnarus), knowledge, Sail. 

gnarus -a -urn (root GNA, whence also 
gnavus = navus), 1, knowing, having knowledge 
of, acquainted with; with genit, reipubllcae, 
Cic; Latinae linguae, Liv.; with rel. sent., emu 
gnaruni fuisse, quibus orationis modis quaeque 
animorum partes pellereutur, Cic. ; with ace. 
and in tin., Hasdrubal satis gnarus Haunibalem 
transitusquosdam pretio mercatum (esse), Liv. ; 
2, pass., known; gnarum id Caesari, Tac. 

Gnatho -Onis, m. the name of a parasite in 
the Eunuchus of Terence; hence = parasite, Cic. ; 
Gnathonicl -orum, m. parasites like Gnatho, 
Ter. 

Gnatia = Egnatia (q.v.). 

gnatus, gnavus = natus, navus (q.v.). 

Gnidus = Cnidus(q.v.). 

GnOSUS (GnOSSUS) -i, f. (Kvuxrd;, Kvw(TO-d5), 
an ancient city of Crete, the residence of Minos; 
hence adj., 1, GnosiUS-a -urn, Gnosian, Cretan; 
stella coronae, crown of Ariadne, Hor. ; subst., 
Gnosla -ae, f. Ariadne, Prop. ; 2, Gno- 
siacus -a -um, Gnosian; rex, Minos, Ov. ; c, 
Gnoslas -adis, f. Gnosian, poet.= Cretan; and 
subst. = ^iriad)!e; d, Gnosis -Idis, f., corona, 
the constellation ofAriaane's crown, Ov. ; subst., 
A riadne. 

gobius (coblus) -li, m. and gobio -onis, 
in. (khj/Siot), a gudgeon, Ov. 

Gomphi -orum, m. (T6n<f>oi), a town in Thes- 
saly, on the Peneus. Hence Gomphonses 
-inm, in. the irihabitants of Gomphi. 

gonger, v. conger. 

Gordium -ii, n. (V6pSioi>), town in rhrygia. 

GordlUS -Ii, in. (rripSios), a Phrygian king, 
famed for a knot on his chariot, the unfastencr of 
which, according to a legend, would be the ruler of 
Asia. Alexander the Great cut the knot. 

Gordluticlios, u. ii.decL (ropfi'ov tcixos), a 
place in Cariu. 

Gorgias -ae, m. (Vopyiat), 1, a Greek sophist 
of Leontini, contemporary of SocraJes ; 2, a rhetor 
cian at Athens, contemporary of Cicero. 

Gorgd -gonis, or -g(is, f. (ropyoi) ; plur., 
Gorgonea, the three daughters of Phorcus (Stheno, 
Enryale, and Medusa), vumsters with snakes for 
hair, rchose look turned persons to stone, the chief 
of whom, Medusa, was slain by Perseus, and her 
head set in Minerva's shield. Adj., Gorgoneus 
-a -um, Gorgon; equus, the horse Pegasus, Ov. 

Gorgoblna -ac, f. town of the Rnii on the 
borders of Aquitania. 
Gorgon, v. Gorge. 
Gortyna -ae, f. (rdpruia). chief town of the 

Island of Crete. Adj., Gortynius -a -um, and 
Gortyniacus -a -um, Gortyniav. 

Gothinl (Gotinl) -?rum, m. a Gerv.it>. people 
on the river March. 

GSthones (G8t6nes) -um, m. a German 
people. 

grab&tus -i, m. (<pi/3£a.TQ?, a Macedonian 
vord), a lo~j eo-^ch, a common, wan bedstead, 
0;c • ■ ■' 



Gracchus -i, |ii. the uume of >• family of tkt 
Gens Bempronia, the most famous members »l 
which were Tib. and C. Seinpi'Oniua Gracchus, 
sons of Tib. Sempr'onius Gracchus and Cornelia, 
daughter of the elder Scipio Africanus. Adj., 
Gracchanus -a -um, Graeehan. 

gracilis -e, slender, thin, slim; 1, lit., purr, 
Her.; capella, Ov. ; 2, transf., of discourse, 
simple, without ornament ; materia, Ov. 

gracilitas -atis, f. (gracilis), thinness, slim- 
ness, slenderness ; corporis, Cic. 

graoulus -i, in. a jackdaw, Phaedr. 

gradatim, adv. (gradus), step by step, by 
gradations, gradually, by degrees, Cic. 

gradatio-onis,f.(gradus),inrliet.,dimM-,Cic. 

gradior, gressus sum, gradi, dep., to step, 
walk, Cic. 

GradlVUS -i, m. (gradior, he that walks in 
battle), a surname of Mars, Liv., Verg. 

gradus -us, m. (gradior). I. a step. A. 
Gen., 1, lit., graduin faceie, to make a step, Cic. ; 
celerare, Verg. ; corripere, Hor. ; addere, to 
hasten, Liv. ; gradu citato, pleno, at quick 
march, Liv.; graduin referre, to go back, Liv.; 
gradum inferre in hostes, to advance against, 
Liv. ; gradum conferre, to come to close combat, 
Liv.; 2, tig-, ft, a step towards something; 
primus gradus imperii factus est, Cic; gradum 
fecit ad censuram, Liv. ; b, step, approach ; 
quern mortis timuit gradum, Hor. B. station, 
position, post (of a combatavt), aliquem gradu 
movere or demovere, to drive from one's ground, 
Liv.; tig., aliquem de gradu dejicere or gradu 
depellere, Cic. II. Metou., step, stair, round 
of a ladder. A. Lit, a, gradus teinplormn, Cic. ; 
b, esp., gen. m plur., the rows of seats in a 
theatre, etc., Tac; sing., at Novius collega 
gradu post me sedet uno, Hor. B. Transf., 
a, music, t. t, tlie gradations of sound; son- 
orum gradus, Cic; b, degree, stage; a vir- 
tute ad rationeni video te venisse gradibus, by 
stages, Cic; ontnes gradus aetatis, Cic; c, degree 
of relationship ; necessitudinnm gradus, Cic; 
d, rank, position; gradus senatorius, Cic; in- 
timus fortuuae gradus, Cic 

Graeci -Orum, m. (Vpaaxoi), the Greeks: sing., 
Graecus -i, in. a Greek, Cic, and Graeca 
-ae, f. a Greek woman, Liv. Hence, A. Graec- 
us -a -run, Greek ; ad Graecas Calendas, v. Ca- 
lendar ; subst,, Graecum-i, Greek language or 
literature; adv. Graece, in the Greek language; 
B. Graecia -ae, f. Greece ('EAAds), 1, Greece in 
i the narrow sense; 2, Magna Graecia, the Greek 
I rolonies in the south of Italy. C. Graeciilus 
-a -um, dim. adj., Greek (gen. used ironically). 
Subst., Graeculus -i, m. a little Greek, used 
contemptuously of the Greek philosophers and 
rhetoricians in the houses of the rich at Rome, 
Cic. 

graecor, 1. dep. (Graecus), to live in Greek 
fashion, Hor. 

Graecostasis -is, f. (rpaocd(7T<i(Tis), a build- 
ing in the Roman Forum, erected for the purp -<• 
of lodging Greek and other foreign ambassadors, 
Cii 

Grail -Crura (and poet, -um), m.= Graeci, the 
Greeks, Cic. ; sing., Graius -i, m. a Greek. 
Hence, Graius -a -um, Greek. 

Graioceli -arum, m. a Gallic people in the 
Graian Alps. 

Graiugena -ae, m. (Graius and geno = 
gigno), a Greek by birth, a Greek, Verg. 

gramen -inis, n. (root GER, CER. whence 
cresco), 1, frus, Surf, Liv., Verg. ; g, fani l 
fieri, Verg. 



gra 



243 



gra 



gramme us -a -urn foramen). I. made of 

grass. A. Gen., corona obsidionalis, Liv. B. 
made of cane or bamboo; hasta, Cic. II. grassy ; 
campus, Verg. 

grammatica, v. grammaticus. 

grammaticus -a -urn (ypa/xna-riKds). I. 
Adj., relating to grammar, grammatical; tribus 
grammatical adire, the company of grammarians, 
Hor. II. Subst., a, grammaticus -i, m. 
it grammarian, Cic. ; b, grammatica -ae, f. 
and gramm&tlce -e"s, f. grammar, philology, 
Cic. ; c, grammatica -drum, n. grammar, 
■philology, Cic. 

grammatista -ae, ni. (ypati^a.io-T>ii), a 
teacher of grammar, teacher of languages, Suet. 

Gramplus Mons, a mountain in Scotland, 
Dow the Grampians. 

granarium -ii, n. (granum), a granary; 
gen. iu plur., Cic. 

grandaevus -a -um (graudis and aevuni), 

very old ; I\ T ereus, Verg. 

grandesco, 3. (grandis), to become great, 
increase in size, Cic. 

grandifer -fera -feruin (grandis and fero), 
producing great profit or service, Cic. 

grandiloquus -a -um (grandis and loquor), 

I, speaking grandly, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, 
boastful, grandiloquent, Cic. 

grandinat, impers. it hails, Sen. 

grandlO, 4. (grandis). I. Transit., to make 
great, increase, Plaut. II. Iutransit., to become 
great, Cato. 

grandis -e. I. Lit., great, large. A. In 

extent, 1, epistola, Cic. ; 2, in stature, tall, 
puer, Cic. B. Of weight, etc., large; pondus 
irgenti, Cic. C. Of time, old ; grandis natu, Cic. 

II. Transf., A. great, important; res grandiores, 
Cic B. Esp., of style, higli, lofty, grand, ele- 
vated, sublime; genus dicendi, Cic; oratores 
grandes verbis, Cic. 

graviditas -atis, f. (grandis), of discourse, 
loftiness, sublimity ; verborum, Cic. 

grando -Inis, f. hail, hail-storm, Cic. 

Granicus -i, m. (TpavLicos), river in Mysia, 
famous for one of Alexander's victories. 

granifer -ffira -ffirum (granum and fero), 
grain-carrying ; agmen, ants, Ov. 

granum -i, n. a grain or seed; uvae, Ov. ; 
fici, Cic. 

graphiarius -a -um (graphium), relating to 
the graphium, Suet. 

graphium -ii, n. (ypa<f>iov), a style or sharp- 
pointed instrument for writing on waxentablets,Ov. 

grassator -oris, iu. (grassor), 1, an idler, 
Cato ; 2, a nocturnal vagabond or rioter, Cic. 

grassor, 1. dep. (gradior)._ I. 1, to advance, 
proceed ; ad gloriam virtutis via, Sail. ; in possess- 
ionem agri publici, Liv.; 2, a, to go to work, to 
proceed; .jure, uon vi, Liv. ; veneno, Tac. ; b, 
esp., to proceed violently, to rage; ut paucorum 
putentia grassaretur, Tac II. to go about idly 
in the streets, to loiter, riot ; juventns grassana in 
Suburra, Liv. 

grate, adv. (gratus), 1, willingly, with plea- 
sure, Cic. ; 2, thankfidly ; et grate et pie facere, 
iJic. 

grates, ar:c. grates, abl. gratibus, f. (gratus), 
'.hanks, esp. to the gods ; alicui grates agere, 
Cic. ; laudes et grat6£ alicui habere, Tac. 

gratia -ae, f. (gratus), agreeabltness, pleasant- 
■Mfs. I. A. Lit., thai which is pleasing, charm; 
eratia non dec-at verbis. Prop. ; hence personif., 
flratiae*, the Grac&, daughUn of Zeus and 2?wy- 



Konu (Euphroayue, Aglaia, and Thalia,) the god' 

desses of grace, charm, agreeableness, etc.). B. 
Transf., 1, favour, grace; a, petivit in benclicii 
loco et gratiae, Cic. ; graliam dicendi facere, to 
allow to speak, Liv. ; in gratiamalicuius, to please 
someone, Liv.; abl., 'gratia, on account of; hom- 
inum gratia, Cic. ; exempli gratia, for example, 
Cic. ; b, indulgence (towards an otience) ; delicti 
gratiam facere, to be indulgent to, Sail. ; 2, 
tliankjulness, thanks; gratiam ferre alicuius rei, 
Liv. ; gratiam persolvere diis, Cic. ; gratias agere, 
to thank, Cic. ; alicui pro suo sumnio beneficio 
gratias agere, Cic. ; gratiarum actio, giving 
thanks, Cic; gratiam habere, to be thankful, Cic; 
gratiam referre, to make a return, Cic. ; gratfam 
reddere, Sail. ; dis gratia or gratia dis, thank 
God! Ov. ; abl. plur., gratiis or gratis, without 
recompense, for nothiiig, gratis ; gratiis exaedi- 
ficari atque effici uavem, Cic. II. A. favour 
with other persons, credit, influence; gratiam 
alicuius sibi conciliare, Cic. ; gratiam inire ab 
aliquo, Cic; apud or ad aliquem, Liv.; in gratia 
esse, to be beloved, Cic. B. Transf., 1, friend- 
ship, regard ; iu gratiam redire cum aliquo, Cic; 
cum bona gratia aliquem demittere, Cic. ; 2, 
power, dignity, Cic. 

gratificatio -ouis, f. (gratificor), complais- 
ance, obligingness, showing kindness; Sullaua, oj 
Sulla to his soldiers, Cic ; impudeus, Cic; grati- 
ficatio et benevolentia, Cic 

gratificor, I. dep. (gratus and facio), 1, to 

act so as to please any one, to oblige, gratify, do a 
favour to; alicui, Cic; with de aliqua re, to 
communicate ; qui de eo quod ipsis superat, aliis 
gratilicari voluut, Cic ; 2, with ace of thing, 
to give, present to ; populo aliena et sua, Cic 

gratiis, v. gratia. 

gratiosus -a -um (gratia), 1, enjoying favour,- 
favoured, beloved; apud onines ordines, Cic; 
in provincia, Cic ; 2 ? showing favour, com- 
plaisant; gratiosi sonbae sint in daiido ct 
cedendo loco, Cic. 

gratis, v. gratia. 

Gratius -ii, m. (Faliscus), a Roman poet, con- 
temporary of Ovid. 

grator, 1. dep. (gratus), 1, to manifest joy, to 
congratulate any one; alicui, Verg.; sibi, Ov. ; 
gratatur reduces (sc eos esse), Verg. ; 2, to re- 
joice; Jovis templum gratautes ovautesque 
adire, Liv. 

gratuito, adv. (jrratuitus), without payment, 
gratuitously ; aiicui gratuito civitatem impertire, 
Cic. 

gratuitus -a -um, not paid for, gratuitous, 
free, spontaneous, voluntary ; suffragia, comitia, 
unbribed, Cic ; amicitia, Cic ; probitas, liberal- 
itas, Cic 

gratulabundus -a -um (gratulor), con- 
gratulating, Liv. , 

gratiilatlo -ouis, f. (gratulor), 1, a wishing 
joy, congratulation ; civium, Cic ; laudis uostrae, 
because of, Cic. ; in sua gratulatione, when he was 
being congratulated, Cic ; 2, a thanksgiving 
festival; reipublicae bene gestae, Cic 

gratulor, 1. dep. (gratus), 1, to manifest joy, 
to .wish a person joy, congratulate ; alicui d6 
reditu, Cic. ; alicui iu aliqua re, Cic. ; with ace, 
alicui recuperatam libertatem, Cic. ; with ace 
of respect and infln., Cic; alicui quod, etc., 
Cic. ; with or without sibi, to rajotce, wish orxs'lf 
joy, Cic. ; 2, to give solemn thanks to a deity, Ter. 

gratus -a -urn (root CRA, Gr. XAP, whencs 
Xapros, xdpis, xaipio). pleasing. T a charming, 
pleasant, agreeailz; Venus, Hor. ; gratissima 
tellus, Dclot, Verg. II. 1, a, agn-.abU, velccv.', 
beloved ; convive, Hor.; gratisskaa Yictori*, Cic.;- 



gra 



244 



gum 



b, grateful, deserving thanks; Veritas etiamsi 
jucunda non est, mini tameu grata est, Cic. : 
gratum est, with inftn., Cic; 2, grateful; gratus 
in or erga aliqueui, Cic. Subst., gratus -i, in. 
grateful man, Cic. 

gravantcr, adv. (gravans, from gravor), 
with difficulty; reguli Gallorutn hand giavanter 
ad Poenuni vcnerunt, Liv. 

gravate, adv. (gravor), with, difficulty, un- 
willingly ; gra>ate illc primo, Cic. 

gravedlnusus -a -urn (gravcdo), subject to 
cold or catarrh, Cic. 

gravedo -Inis, f. (gravis), heaviness of the 
limbs and head, cold, catarrh, Cic. 

graveolens -lentis (grave and oloo), strong- 
smelling, rank, Verg. 

gravesco, 3. (gravis), 1, to become grievous, 
grow worse; aeruiuna, L«cr. ; 2, of animals, to 
become pregnant, Plin. ; trausf., nemus l'etu 
gravescit, is laden with fruit, Verg. 

graviditas -atis, f.(gravidus), pregnancy t Cic 

gravldo, 1. (gravidas), to fructify; terra 
giavidata seminibus, Cic. 

gravldus -a -urn (gravis), pregnant. A. Lit., 
Cic. B. laden, filled, full ; with abl., pharetra 
sngittis, Hor. ; urbs bellis, Verg. ; tempests* 
fulminibus, Lucr. 

gravis -e. I. heavy, weighty, burdensome 
O'pp. levis). A. Lit., onus armorum, Caes.; 
cibus, hecivy, hard to digest, Cic. ; agmeu, heavy- 
armed, Liv. ; aes grave, heavy coin, according to 
the old reckoning, in which an as weighed a 
pound, Liv. B. Transf., a, of sound, low, deep 
("pp. acutus) ; vox, sonus, Cic. ; b, of persons 
or things relating to persons, weighty, important ; 
.testis, auctor, Cic; of style, elevated, dignified; 
genus epistolarum severum et grave, Cic. ; c, 
grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, unpleasant; 
tempestas, Cic; vulnus, Caes. ; ue quid gravius 
in fratrem statueret, take harsh measures against, 
Caes. ; d, (u) of smell, strong, fetid; odor caeni 
gravis, Verg.; (p) unwholesome, unhealthy ; anni 
teinpus, Cic; (y) oppressive, troublesome, sad; 
senectus, Cic. ; grave est, with intin., Cic. II. 
led with, laden with. A. Lit., agmen praeda 
grave, Liv. B. Transf., a., pregnant, Verg.; b, 
heavy with, sleep, food, wine, etc. ; graves somno 
<=pulisque, Liv.; c, weak, ill; morbo, Verg. ; d, 
advanced in age; gravis aetate, Liv. 

Gravlscae -arum, f. a town in Etruria. 

gravltas -atis, f. (gravis). I. weight. A. 
Lit., armorum, Caes. B. Transf., a, weight, conse- 
quence, importance; senteutiarum, Cic. ; b, (h'17- 
nity, sublimity; oris, Liv.; e»p. of style, dicendi, 
Cic; c, authority, seriousness, sternness, gravity ; 
cum gravitate et constant.ia vivere, Cic. ; d, (a) 
high price; annonae, Tac ; (/3) unhealthincss; 
caeli, Cic; (y) unpleasantness of smell ; odoris, 
Tac. II. a, pregnancy, Ov. ; b, didness, heavi- 
ness, JaUUness ; corporis, Cir. ; linguae, Cic. 

gravlte'r, adv. (gravis), a, of sound, deeply; 
souarc, Cic; b, impressively, with dignity; 
nrationem graviter habere ct scntcutiose, Cic,; 

c, violently, reltemenlly; graviter aegrotare, Cic; 
qucri, couqueri, Cic,; gravissime dolerc, Caes.; 

d, in an unhealthy condition; so mm graviter 
habere, Cic; e, irritably, hardly; aliquid 
g'aviter accipere, ferre, to be vexed with, Cic 

gravo, 1. (gravis). I. Act., to load, burden. 
A. Lit., aliquem saicinis, Tac. B. Transf., a, to 
htighUn, exaggerate, increase; invidiam matris, 
Tac. ; bytooppress, burden, trouble; gravari injuriis 
militum, Liv. II. Pass., gravor used as dep., to 
bear or do unwillingly, to be troubled, annoyed, to 
refuse, decline; with infin., rogo ut ne graveris 
oxaedilicare id opus quod instituisti, Cic, 



I.' 



gregalis -e (grex). I. belonging to a herd, 
Plin. II. Transf., A. belonging to the same com- 
pany ; as subst. plur., gregales -ruin, m. 
companions, associates, accomplices ; CaUlinae, 
Cic. B. common, of a common kind ; amic 
ultitu, of a private soldier, Liv. 

gregarlus -a -um (grex), belonging to th* 
herd, common ; miles, a private soldier, Cic. 

gregatim, adv. (grex). I. in flocks or herds, 
Plin. II. Transf, in trorps or crowds; videtis 
cives gregatim conjectos, Cic 

grcmlum -li, n. the lap. A. Lit., in gremio 
matris sedere, Cic; tig., abstrahi e gremio 
patriae, Cic. B. Trausr., centre, middle; medio 
Graeciae gremio, Cic. - 

gressus -us, in. (gradior), a step, course, 
way; gressura tendere ad moenia, Verg.; transf., 
of a ship, hue dirige gressum, Verg. 

grex, grfgis, m. I. a herd, flock of any 
animate; equarum, Cic; avium, Hor. I, 
Transf., A. Of human beings, 1, gen., troop, 
baiul, company, sometimes contemptuously, a 
herd; amiconmi, Cic; ptaedonum, Cic; 2, 
esp., a, a philosophical sect; philosophoruni, 
Cic. ; b, of .soldiers, a troop; often grege facto, 
in close order, Liv. B. Of things without life, 
hyaditm, Ov. 

grunnlo (grundio) -ivi or -ii -itum, 4. to 
grunt like a pig, Plin. 

grunnitus (grunditus) -us, m. (grunnio), 

the grunting of a pig, Cic. 

grus, grtiis, m. and (gen.) f. a crane, Cic 

grylius -i, in. (yptiAAos), a cricket, grass- 
hopper, Plin. 

Gryneus -a -um, v. Grynia. 

Grynia -ae, f. (PpiVeco), and Grynlum -ii, 
n. (Vpiiviov), a town in Aeolis, with a temple 
and oracle of Apollo. Hence, Gryneus -a 

-mn, Gryr.can. 

gryps, grypis (gryphis), in. (yp^), a griffin, 
^ erg. 
gubernaciilum (giibernaclum) -i, n. 

(guberno), a rudder, helm; 1, lit., ad guber- 
naculumaccedere, Cic ; 2, transf, direction, man- 
agement, government; esp. of the state, accedere 
ad reipublicae gubernacula, Cic; ad aliqueui 
gubernacula reipublicae deferre, Cic. ; ad guber- 
naeula reipublicae sedere, Cic. ; gubernacula 
reipublicae tractare, Cic ; senatum a guber- 
uaculis dejicere, Cic 

giibernatio -ouis, f. (guberno), 1, lit., 
steering, the art of steering, Cic ; 2, transf., 
direction, government ; taiitarum reruni, Cic. 

gubemator -oris, in. (guberno), l, /ie/m.>-- 
man, steersman, pilot, Cic; 2, transf., leader, 
director, governor; civitatis, Cic 

giibernatrix -icis, f. (gubernator), she that 
hails, directs, governs ; ista praeclara guberuatrix 

civitatum, eloquentia, Cic 

guberno, 1. (nv^tpfui). A. to sterr a ship, 
Cic. ; prov. , e terra, from a place of safety to dim t 
tliose who are in danger, Liv. B. Transf., a, in- 
transit., to sit at. the helm, t'> >lrer ; jam prideni 
gubernare me tacdebat, Cic; b, transit., to 
guide, direct, govern; reinpublicam, Cic 

gubernum -i, 11. = gubcrnaculum (q.v.). 

gula -ae, f. 1, lit., the gullet, throat ; ubt-irta. 
gula, Cic. ; gulam laqueo frangere, to strung!", 
Sail.; 2, meton., greediness, gluttony, Cic; irrita- 
menta gulae, Ball. ; o gulam insulsam, Cic. 

guldsus -a -um (gula), gluttonous, greedy, 
dainty, .Mart, 
giimla -ae, c. an epicure, gourmand; ap. Cic 
gumrai, t\. indecl. (kouul). gum. Plin. 



gur 



246 



hab 



gurges -itis, m. (from root GAR, to swallow, 
whence also gula). I. a whirlpool, eddy, abyss; 
a, lit., Rheni, Cic. ; b, fig., gurges libidiimm, 
Cic. ; gurges ac vorago patrimonii, squanderer, 
Cic; tu gurges atque helluo, Cic. II. poet. 
transf., any deep water, a stream, flood, sea; 
Carpathius, Verg. 

1. gurgulio -uiiis, f. (see gurges), the wind- 
pipe, Cic. 

2. gurgulio -onis, in. v. curculio. 
gurgustium -ii, n. a hut, hovel, Cic. 

gUStatus -us, in. (gusto), 1, taste, as one of 
the senses, Cic. ; rig., verae laudis gustatum non 
liabere, to have no taste for, Cic. ; 2, the taste, 
flavour of anything ; pomorum, Cic. 

gusto, 1. to taste, take a little of. A. Lit., 
aquam, Cic. ; gnstare sanguinem alicuius, Cic. ; 
absol., quorum nemo gustavit Cubans, Cic. 
B. Transf., to partake of, enjoy; amorem vitae, 
Lucr. ; lucellum, Hor. ; Metrodorum, listen to 
for a time, Cic. 

gust us -us, id. (root GU-o, TX-a>, whence 
also gusto, yevio, yevoixai, yevcris), 1, tlie tasting; 
gnstu explorare cibum, potiun alicuius, Tac. ; 
2, meton., a, the whet or relish taken before a 
■mad, Mart. ; b, the taste or flavour of anything, 
Plin. 

gutta -ae, f. A. Lit., a drop of any liquid; 
gnttae iinbriuni quasi crucutae, Cic. 3. Transf., 
guttafe, spots or marks on animals, stones, Verg., Ov. 

guttur -iiris, n. the windpipe, throat; 1, lit., 
gut fur alirui frangere, to break a person's neck, 
Hor. ; 2, meton., gluttony, Juv. 

guttus -i, in. (gutta), a narrow-necked jug, 
Hor., Jnv. 

Gyaros -i, f. (iVapo?), and Gyara -drum, n. 
(Vvapa), an island in the Aegean Sea, one of the 
Cychulen, now Chiura, or Jura. 

Gyas -ae, ace. -an, and Gyes -ae, ace. -en, m. 
(IHiijs), 1, a giant with ahundred arms; 2, a com- 
panion of Aeneas. 

Gyges -is and -ae, ace. -en, m. (IY<y>)s), 1, a 

favourite, of Candaules, king of Lydia, whom he 
murderedandsucceededasking. Adj., Gygaeus 
-a -urn, of or belonging to Gyges. 2, a youth men- 
tioned by Horace. 

gymnasiarchus -i, m. (yvfiva<riapxoi), the 

master of a gymnasium, Cic. 

gymnasium (gumnasium) ii, n. (yvpva- 

<riov), a public school of gymnastics, gymnasium 
(among the Greeks), Cic; the gymnasia in Greece 
were frequented by philosophers and sophists, 
hence a place for philosophical discussion, Cic. 

gymnastic us -a -um vyfM»'<«rTiicds), relating 
to gymnastic exercises, Plaut. 

gymnicus -a -um (yv/iviKo';), gymnastic; 
ludi, Cic. ; certainen, Cic. 

gynaeceum -i, n., and gynaecium -i, n. 

(yvvaiKflov), the women's apartments in a Greek 
house, Cic. 

gynaeconitis-Idis, f. (yvvauctovlTis) = gynae- 
ceuin (q.v.), Nep, 

Gyndes -is, in. (rw&j?), a river in Assyria, 
now Kerah, or Karah Su. 

gypso, 1. (gypsum), to cover with gypsum; 
partic. gypsatus -a -uni, covered with gypsum; 
pes (the feet of slaves for sale being marked with 
gypsum), Ov. ; gypsatissiniismanibus,i»M/W«ufc/s 
whitened with gypsum (as of actors who played 
women's parts), Cic. 

gypsum -i, n. (yityo?), 1, gypsum, Plin. ; 
2, meton., « gypsum, ov plaster figure, Juv. 

Gyrton -onis, f. (Vvpiuv), and Gyrtone -es, 
f. (TvpTuivn), a town in Thessaly. 



gyrus -i, in. (yCpos), a circle, circular course ; 
a, gyrum trahere (of a snake), Verg. ; gyros per 
aera ducere, to wheel through the air (of birds), 
Ov. ; volat ingenti gyro (telum), Verg. ; eap. of 
a horse, gyros dare, to career, curvet, Verg. ; tig., 
in gyrum rationis et doctrinae duel, to make a 
wide digression, Cic. ; ex ingenti quodamoratoreul 
iinmeusoque campo in exigunm gyrum com- 
pellere, Cic; b, poet, (offline), circuit; bruina 
nivalem lnteriore diem gyro trahit, Hor. 

Gytheum and -lum (r^tiov), and Gy- 
thium -ii, n. (T69t.oi>), town in Laconia, the port 
of Sparta, now Paleopolis. 



H. 

Hh, the eighth letter of the Latin Alphabet, 
, corresponding to the Greek spiritns asper. 
Its position at the beginning of a word is often 
uncertain, as, for instance, we find arnspcx for 
haruspex ; and on the contrary, bonus for onus, 
etc. In combination, h before t is sometimes 
changed into c, as traho, tractus, and with fol- 
lowing s forms x, as traxi, vexi. 

ha! an exclamation, ha! hold! slop! ha! ha! 
Plaut. 

habena -ae, f. (habeo), that by which anything 
is held. I. a thong, of a sling, Verg. ; a whip, 
Hor. II. Esp., the reins (gen. in plur.). A. 1, 
lit., habenas fundere, dare, to give the rein, to let 
loose the rein, Yerg. ; habenas adducere, or pre- 
mere, to tighten, Verg. ; 2, poet., transf., of sails, 
immittit habenas classi, crowds on sail, Verg. 
B. Fig., 1, ainiuitiae habenas adducere, reinit- 
tere, Cic; 2, government, guidance; reriini (of 
the state), Verg. 

habeo -tli -itum, -2. (root HAB, connected 
with 'AIT-a>, airrui), to liave, hold. I. Lit., 
A. 1, to have, in the hand or on the neck, etc. ; 
to carry, wear ; a, coronam in capite, Cic. ; vestis 
bonaquaerit haberi, to be worn, Ov. ; of inanimate 
objects, altera vestes ripa meas habuit, my 
clothes lay upon the other bank, Ov. ; b, to have 
as part of oneself; feminae duplices papillas 
habent, Cic. ; 2, of places, tohnld, have, contain, 
keep ; Tartara habent Panthoiden, Hor. ; 3, of 
the contents of a writing or book, nihil eniin 
(epistolr.) V<\ be rmt, quod, etc, Cic. B. In a wider 
sense, 1, to have possession of, have power over; 

a, to inhabit a place; Capuam, to inhabit, Liv. ; 

b, of an enemy, to occupy ; hostishabetmuros, is 
in possession of, Verg. ; c, to have as a ruler, to rule ; 
Roniam a principio reges habuere, Tac ; animus 
habet cuncta ncque ipse habetur. Sail. ; d., to have 
property in actual possession; gemmas, argentum, 
Hor.; absol., to possess property, to be wealthy; 
habere in Bruttiis, Cic. ; habet idem in nuimnis, 
habet in praediis urbanis, Cic. ; habendi amor, 
Verg. ; illiquid sibi, to possess or keep for oneself ; 
sibi haberent honores, Cic. ; hence the formula 
of divorce, res tuas tibi habeas (habc), Plaut. ; 
istiimsnasres sibi habere jussit, divorce d, Cic. ; e, 
to keep cattle, animals ; pecus, to keep or possess a 
flock, Verg.; so doini divisores, Cic; 2, to keep 
constantly i n some position, maintain; a, around 
oneself, to keep a person for a particular purpose; 
aliqiiein secuni, to keeji near oneself, Nep. ; ca- 
tcrvas lingitiosortun circuin se, Sail; b, to keep 
in some place; militcsin castris, tokeepthe soldiers 
in camp, Sail.; anna procul, to keep ai-ms at a 
distance, i.e., to avoid war. Tac ; c, to confine, 
to keep fast; senatuin in curia incliisum, Cic; 
aliqiiein in vinculls, Sail. ; in custodian) haberi, 
to be^ilaced in confinement, Liv. II. Transf., A In " 



hab 



246 



hae 



a narrower sense, 1, generally, aliquid in manibus, 
to have in hand, Cic ; illiquid in animo, to have 
in the mind, intend; with infill., Cic; aliquem 
in animo, to have in one's thoughts, Sail. ; 2, of 
the condition of the mind or body; a, vulnus, 
to be wounded, Ov. ; febrem, Cic; animum 
fortern, Cic. ; bonum animum, to be of good 
courage, Sail. ; odium iu aliquem, to cherish hatred, 
Cic. ; b, to possess as a quality ; modestiam.Sall. ; 
Caesar hoc habebat, had this custom, Cic ; c, to 
draw after as a consequence, have as a result, to 
cause ; beneficinm habct querelam, Cic. ; miseri- 
cordiam, to cause pity, Cic; 3, a, to bring into 
a certain condition; nmre infestum, to make un- 
safe, Cic; aliquem sollicitum, to make anxious, 
Cic ; b, to treat, behave towards; aliquem liberal- 
issime, Cic. ; plebes servorum loco habetur, 
Cic. ; exercituin luxuriose, Sail. ; c, to hare or 
keep for some object ; nliquem ludibrio, to make a 
mock of, Cic. ; rempublicam quaestui, Cic. ; 4, to 
have, hold, consider,regard ; aliquem parentem, in 
the light of a parent, Cic. ; aliquem pro hoste, as 
an enemy, Liv. ; aliquki pro certo, Cic. ; "(in) 
numero hostium, Cic. ; nliquid religion), to uiake. 
a matter of conscience, of, Cic. ; paupertas probro 
haberi coepit, to be. considered a disgrace, Sail. ; 
5, a, to set about, order, hold, arrange ; concilium 
plebis, to hold a council of the people, Cic; iter 
Aegyptum, to go to Egypt, Cic. ; b, of speech, 
to ntter, deliver, propound; orationein in senatu, 
to deliver a speech, Cic ; sermonem cum aliqno, 
to hold a conversation wtth, Cic. ; habere verba, 
to speak, Cic. ; habere dialogum, to compose, Cic. ; 
C, of time, to pass, spend; aetatem, Sail. ; 6, to 
keep, observe ; ordines, Sail.; 7, alicui honorem, 
to pay honour to, Cic. ; 8, reflex., se habere, or 
simply habere, to fare, to be circumstanced, situ- 
ated ; a, of persons, graviter se habere, to be 
very ill, Cic ; singulos (snucios) tit se haberent 
rogitans, Liv. ; b, of things, res sic or ita se 
habet, or simply sic or ita se habet, Cic. B. In 
a wider sense, 1, gen., a, to have, possess; diinid- 
inm facti qui coepit habet, Hor. ; b, to have, 
be informed of; habe3 consilia nostra, Cic. ; 2, 
to have, experience; nonnullam invidiam ex en 
quod, etc., Cic ; 3, to have i7i some relation or con- 
dition; digni sumus quos habeas tui consilii 
participes, Cic. ; habeo aliquem acerbum, Cic. ; 
with pass, parti c.domitas habere lfbidines,Cic ; 
4, a, nisi quid habes ad banc, luive something 
to say, Cic. ; b, to be able, to be in a condition to ; 
habeo etiam dicere, Cic.;- nihil habeo quod iu- 
cusem senectutem, Cic, 

habilis -e (liabeo). I. easily managed, handy, 
supple; arcus, Vcrg. ; c.urrns, Ov. II. Transf., 
suitable, fit, convenient; a, physically, vigor, 
Verg. ; with ad, calceus habilis et aptus ad 
pedem. Cic. ; with dat, gens equistantnm habilis, 
Liv. ; b, mentally skilful ; with dat. of gerund, 
habilis capessendac reipnblicae, Tac 

habllltas -litis, f. (habilis), aptitude, ability, 
Cic. 

h&bitabilis -e. (habito), hxdntable ; regio, Cic. 

habitatio -onis, f. (habito), dwelling, habita- 
tion; sumptus habitationis, Cic. 

habitator -oris, m. (habito), one who dwells 
or inliabits; a, of a house, hamtatorem in hac 
caelesti ac divina doino, Cic; b, dweller in a. 
country; sunt e terra homines non nt incolae 
et habita tores sed quasi, etc, Cic. 

habito, 1. (freq. of habeo). I. Transit,, to 
inhabit; urbes, Verg. ; in pass., to be inhabited ; 
vix pars dimidia (urbis) habita batur, Liv. II. 
liitransit., A. toawell; alibi, Liv.; att'orapud 
abqitem, Cic ; cum aliquo, Cic ; in via, Cic; 
impels, pass., habitari, ait Xenocrates, in luna, 
Cic; partic subst, habitantes, the inhabitants, 
Ov. ; Jig., metus habitat in vita beata, Cic. B. 



Transf., a, to dwell, to be always in « place, to 
frequent ; in foro, Cic. ; quorum in vultu habitant 
oenli mei, Cic; b, to dwell on a subject ; in eo 
genere rerum, Cic 

habltudo -Inis f. (habeo), form, appearance ; 
corporis, Ter. 

1. habitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from habeo), formed, 
constituted, Ter. 

2. habitus -us, m. (habeo). I. Lit, the con- 
dition of the body, appearance. A. Gen., cor- 
poris, Cic; oris, Cic B. Esp., the appearance 
of the dress of the body; habitus atque vestitns, 
Cic ; and meton., dress itself, Tac. II. Transf., 
A. the- -nature, condition; pecuniarum, Cic; 
Italiae. Cic. B. disposition ; virtus est animi 
habitus naturae modo atque rationi consents- 
neus, Cic; 

hac, adv. (abl. oi hie, sc. parte, or via), here, 
this way, by th is side, Cic. 

hactenus, adv. (lit,, hac parte tenns), so fur. 
I. Lit., of place, up to this point; hactenus dom- 
inion est ilia secuta suum, Ov. II. Transf., A. 
In writing, discourse, etc., 1, up to this point; 
hactenus milii videor de amicitia quid sentirem 
potuis.se dicere, Cic; often elliptically, to close 
a discussion, sed haec haectenns, Cic ; or to 
pass on to something new, sed haec hactenus ; 
nunc ad ostenta veniamus, Cic. ; 2, only so 
far, only this, only so much ; quare tibi hactenus 
mando, etc, Cic; 3, in so far as; with quoad, 
quod, etc ; or with ut or ne, Cic. B. Of time, 
till »'/»•, hitherto, Liv. 

Hadria (Adria) -ae, f., 1, a town in Pi, 
cenum, now Atri. ; 2, a town in the north, of Italy 
between the Pculus amltheAthesis, now Adria ; 3, 
generally masculine, the Adriatic Sea. Hence, 
Adj. 1, Hadriacus (Adrlacus), -a -tun, 
HadriaUc; 2, Hadrlanus -a -um, belong- 
ing to Hadria (No. 2.) ; 3, Hadrlaticus -a 
-urn, Adriatic. 

1. Hadrlanus -a -um, v. Hadria. 

2. Hadrlanus -i, m., P. Aelius Hadrianus, 
Eoman Emperor from 117 to 13S a.d. 

Hadruinetum, v. Au.-umctum. 

haedinus -a -um (haeyis), of or pertaining 
to a kid ,- pelliculae, Cic 

hn cdulea -ae, f. (dim. of haedus), o little kid, 
Hor. 

haedulus -i, m. (dim. of haedus), a little kid, 
Juv. 

haedus -i, m. 1, a kid; young goat, Cic. ; 2, 
haedi, the Kids, two stars of the constellation 
Auriga, Cic. 

Haemonia -ae, f. (Alfiovia), Haemonia, an 
old name ofThessaly. Adj. 1, Haomonius -a 
-um, Thessalian ; puppis, the ship Argo, Ov. ; 
juvenis, Jason, Ov. ; puer or heros, Achilles, Ov. ; 
meton., as Thessaly was notorious for witches, 
artes, arte of enchantment, Ov. ; 2, Haemonis 
-nidis, f. a Thessalian woman, Ov. 

haereditas = hereditas (q.v.). 

haereo, haesi, haesum, 2. to hang to, stick to, 
cleave to, adhere. I. Gen., A. Lit, haerere in 
equo, Cic. ; or equo, Hor. ; terra rarlieibus snis 
haereat, Cic. ; fig., haerere visceribus civitatis, 
Liv. B. Transf., a, to remain in a place; hie 
haereo, Cic ; b, haerere alicui, to keep close to a 
person, cleave to, Verg. ; in a hostile sense, haerere 
in tergo, or in tergis, or simply tergis hostium, 
to hang upon the rear of an enemy, Liv.; e, to 
remain f red, to keep firm, not to leave; haerere in 
jure ae praetorum tribunallbuR, Cic. ; ntemoria 
rei in populo haerebit, Cic. II. to be rooted to 
a spat, to stand still. A. Lit,, aspectu tenitua 
haesit continnitque gradum, Verg. B. Transf., 



hae 



247 



has 



a, to be retarded, to cease; Aeneae nianu victoria 
haesit, Verg. ; b, to be in perplexity, to be embar- 
rassed; hacrere homo, versari, vubcre, Cic. 

haeres = heres (q-v.). 

haeresco, 3. (haereo), to adhere, cleave, stick, 
Lucf. 

haeresis -60s, f. (ai'peo-is), a philosophical 
sect, Cic. . 

haesitantia -ae, f. (haesito), a sticking fast; 
linguae, stammering, Cic. 

Iiacsitatio -5nis, f.(haesito), 1, a sticking fast, 
hesitation in speech, stammering; quanta haesitatio 
trac.tusque verborum, Cic. ; 2, perplexity, em- 
barrassment, Ixsitation, Cic. 

haesito, 1. (intens. of haereo), to stick fast, 
remain fast. I. Lit., in vadis, Liv. ; absol.,. 
Caes. II. Transf., to stop. A. Of the tongue, 
lingua, to stammer, Cic. B. to be perplexed, em- 
barrassed, to hesitate, be at a loss: nbn" haesitans 
respondebo, Cic. 

Halaesa, v. Halesa. 
Halaesus, y. Ilalesu.s. 
halcedo, v. alcedo. 
halcyon, v. alcyon. 

Halcyone, v. Alcyone. 
halec, v. alec. 

Hales -letis, in. river in Lucania, now 
Alento. 

Halesa (Halaesa) -ae, f. ("AAaio-a), a town 
in Sicily. Adj., Halesinus -a -mn, of or be- 
longing to Halesa. 

Halesus (Alesus) -i, m., a descendant of 
Agamemnon. 

halex, v. alec. 

Haliacni6n(AlIacm6n)-m5nis, m. a river 

in Macedonia, now Vistriza. 

haliaetos ami hallaeetos -i, in. (dAiatc- 

705), the sea-eagle, osprey, Ov. 

Haliartus -i, f. (AAi'apTos), town in Bneotia 
on the lake Copais. Hence, Haliartli -drum, 
111. the inhabitants of Haliartus. 

Kalicarnassos -i, f. CAkucapvao-o-os), town 
in Caria, birthplace of Herodotiis, Hecataeus, 
and Callimachus. Hence, 1, Halicarnas- 
senses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Hali- 
camassns; 2, Halicarnasseus -6i, m. 
('AAiKapi'ocro-ci/?), born in. Halicarnassus ; 3, 
Halicarnassii -drum, m. inhabitants of Hali- 
carnassus. 

Halicyae -arum, f. (' AAutvai), town in Sicily, 
near lAlybaeurn, now Salemi. Hence adj., 
Halicyensis -e, of or belonging to Halicyae. 

halieutica -on, ri. (ejUevnica.), the title, of 
a poem of Ovid's on fishing. 

halitus -us, m. (halo), breath, exhalation, 
Cic. 

hallex, v. alec. 

halo, 1. I. Int.ransit., to breathe, exhale, be 
fragrant; arae sertis halant, Verg. II. Transit,, 
to breathe forth ; nectar, Lucf. 

haluc ... v. alnc . . . 

Haluntium, v. Aluntium. 

Halus -i, f. town in Assyria.. 

Halyattes, v. Alyattes, 

Halys -lyos, aco. -lyn, m. ("AAu<r), river in 
Asia Minor, now the Kisil-Irmak. 

hama (ama), -ae, f. (inn), a bucket, esp. o 
fireman's bucket, Juv. 

Hamadryas:Amadryas)-3dis, f. (A M aS- 
puos), a wood-nymph, hamadi-yad, Verg. 



hamatus -a -urn (hamus), 1, provided with 
hooks, hooked; ungues, Ov. ; 2, curved like a 
hook, hawked, crooked; corpora, Cic. 

Hamilcar -caris, m. ('Ani'Axas), name of 
several Carthaginians, (1) the son of Gisgo, cap- 
tured and killed by Agathocles; (2) Hamilcar 
Barca, Carthaginian general in the First Punic 
War, father of Hannibal. 

Hammon, v. Amnion. 

hamus -i, m. (perhaps from habeo, "that 
which hotds"), a hook. I. Lit., A. Gen., hami 
'errei, Caes. ; bamis auroque trilix, the links of a 
coat of mail, Verg. B. Esp., a fish-hook, Cic. 
H. Transf., a, the talons of a hawk, Ov. ; b, a 
thorn, 0\'t 

Hannibal -bJlis, m. {'Awi^as), name of 
several Carthaginians, the most famous being Han- 
nibal, son of Hamilcar Barca, general of the Car- 
thaginians in the Second Punic War, defeated by 
Scipio at Zama. 

hara -ae, - f. a pen or coop for domestic 
animals, a pig-sty, Cic. 

harena, v. arena. 

hariolatio (ariolatio) -onis, f. soothsay- 
ing, ap. Cic. 

harioior (ariolor), 1. dep. (hariolus), 1, 
to niter prophecies, predict, Cic. ; 2, to talk non- 
sense, foolisltness, Plant. 

hariolus (ariolus) -i,m. (dim. of *harius, 
tepeus), a soothsayer, prophet, Cic. 

1. harmdnia -ae, f. (ap/j-ovia), 1, the agree- 
ment or skilful blending of sounds, hurmouy (= 
concentus), Cic. ; 2, concord, harmony, Lucr. 

2. Harmonia -ae, f. CApnovia), daughter of 
Mars and Venus, wife of Cadmus, mother of 
Semele and Ino. 

harpago -onis, in. (apn-dyij), a large hook, a 
drag, a grappling-iron, Caes. ; transf., a rapaci- 
ous person, Plant. 

harpe -es, f. (apmj), a curved or sickle-shaped 
sword, Ov. 

Harpocrates -is, m. ('Apnoiepdrris), an 
Egyptian deity, the god of silence ; aliqueni red- 
dere Harpocratem, to impose silence upon, Cat. 

Harpyiae (trisyll.) -arum, f. ('Apmnai, tU 
snatchers), the Harpies, mythical monsters, half 
bird and half woman. 

Harudes -um, m. a German peop/e between 
the Phine, the Main, and the Danube. 

harund ... v. arund. 

haruspex (aruspex) -splcis, m. (t'epo?, 
Boeotian tapds, Etruscan harus and * specio), 1 4 
a soothsayer, one who foretold the future from the 
inspection of entrails, or from the interpretation 
of natural phenomena, as thunder, lightning, etc., 
Cic. ; 2, gen., a seer, prophet, Prop. r • 

haruspicir.us -a -um (haruspex), relating 
to the inspection of entrails, Cic. • Snbst,, harus- 
picina -ae, f. (sc. ars), the art of the luirvspex, 
the art. of inspecting entrails; haruspicinam 
fuccre, to practise the art of haruspex, Ci<L. " 

haruspicium -li, n. (haruspex), the 1 11 spec- 
tion of entrails, divination, Cat. 

Hasdrufc.il (Asdrubal) -Mlis, in. name 
of several Carthaginians, esp., 1, son of Mago, 
twelve times general, died 480 a.c. ; 2, son-in-law 
of Hamilcar Barca; 3, son of Hamilcar Barca, 
brother of Hannibal, killed at the battle of the 
Metaurus; 4, Carthaginian general in the Third 
Punic, War. ' ' 

hasta -ae, f. 1, a spear, a pike, javelin ; 
amehtata, furnished with a thong to assist in 
throwing it, Cic. ; eminus hastis aut conuninns 
gladio uti, Cic; prow, hastas abjicere, to lose 



has 



248 



Hei 



Murage, Cic; 2, a, a spear stuck in the ground 
was the token of a public auction ; hence, sub 
hasta vendere, in sell by Miction, Liv.; etnptio 
ab hasta, - Cic. ; hasto venditionis, cic; b, 
a small spear, with which the bride's hair was 
parted on the wedding-day, Ov. 

hastatus -a -urn (hasta), 1, armed with a 
spear, Tac. ; 2, subst., hastati -Orum, in. the 

fir.", lii.e of the Roman army when drawn up in- 
order of battle, the first tank, vanguard; hence, 
primus, secundus, etc., hastatus (sc. ordo), the 
jirst, second, etc., of tke companies into which the 
hastati were divided, Liv. 

hastile -is, n. (hasta), 1, the shaft of a spear, 
Cic; 2, the spear itself, verg. ; 3, a piece of wood 
in the form oj a shaft, a shoot, a prop for vines, 
Verg. 

hau, inter], oh! an exclamation of paiD, 
Plant. 

hand (haut), adv. (an emphatic negative), 
not, not at (dl, by no means; 1, gen., a, with 
verbs, hand dnbito, Cic. ; hand scio, Cic ; hand 
RCto an, etc., Cic. ; b, with adjectives, hand 
mediocris, Cic. ; c, with pronouns, hand alius, 
Liv. ; d, with subst., with or without a prep., 
hand injuria, Liv.; e, with adverbs, hand dubie, 
.Sail. ; hand secus, Liv. ; hand longe, Caes. ; 2, 
in antitheses, hand . . . sed, Cic; Bed ut . . . 
ir^ hand, Cic. ; 3, corresponding with other 
{articles, hand . . . tain, Liv. 

hauddum (hautdum), adv. not at all as 
ytt, not yet, Liv. 

haudquaquam (hautquaquam), adv. 
hi/ no means, not at all, Cic. 

haurio, hausi, haustuin (fut.partic.hansurns, 
Vprg.), 4. (connected with opvto and inavplw), to 
draw np, draw out. I. Oen., A. Of fluids, 1, 
lit., In draw water; aquam do ;"iteo, Cic; 2, 
transf., a, to draw or fetch u sigh; suspiratus, 
< >v. ; b, ta tramp; terrain, Ov.; C, tasked blood; 
sanguinein, Cic; d, to collect together; pnlvis 
haustus, Ov. ; 3, 1ig., a, hauris de faece, yon 
draw from the dregs, quote the worst orators, Cic; 
b, to take away ; sumptum ex acrario, Cic B. 
Meton., to drain dry, empty; 1, lit., pocula ore, 
Ov. ; 2, transf., a, to pierce. ; latus gladio, Ov. ; 
b, to squander; sua, Tac ; c, to accomplish; 
caelo medium sol igueus orbem nanserat, Verg. ; 
3, fig., a, to oppress ; exsultantia hanrit. corda 
pavor pulsans, Verg. ; b, to exhaust, weaken ; 
it.iliam et provincias immenso fenore, Tac. ; e, 
to suffer; calamitates, Cic. II. Esp., to draw 
into oneself; 1, lit., alveus haurit aquas, Ov. ; 
2, transf., a, to devour, consume; inultos hausit 
flamuia, Liv. ; b, to devour with the eyes or ears, 
to drink in ; vocein his auribus hausi, Verg. ; 3, 
tig., a, aliquid cogitation?, Cic. ; animo spem 
inanem, drink in, Verg. ; animo hanrire, to in- 
tend, Tac. ; b, to drink the cup of pleasure or 
pain; voluptatcs, Cic; dolorern, Cic. 

hanstrum -i, n. (haurio), a machine for 
drawing water, Lncr. 

haustus -us, in. (haurio), a drawing of water; 
1, legal t.t., aquae, the right of drawing water 
from a well, Cic,. ; 2, drawing in; a, of air, in- 
haling; apibus esse haustus aetherios, Verg.; b, 
drinking and concrete, a draught ; aquae, Liv. ; 
fontis Pindarici, Hor. ; c, a handful; arenae, Ov. 

haut = haud (q.v.). 

haveo, v. aveo. 

heau t on tim or umenos -i , 1 1 1 . (-avrbi/ Ti^xup- 
ovuei/os), the self-tormentor, the title of one of 
Terence's comedies. 

hebdomas -Rdis, f. (<!0So/ids), the seventh 
day of a disease (supposed to be a critical period), 
Wc. 



Hebe -6s, f. ClWv, youth), the daughter of 
Jupiter, cupbearer of the gods, wife of Nereides. 

hebenus, v. ebenus. 

hebeo, l'. 1, to be. blunt, dull; ferrum, Liv.; 
2, transf., to lie dull, heavy, inactive; sangui.i 
hebet, Verg. ; .sic mihi sensus hebet, Ov. 

hebes -Stis, blunt, dull, I. Lit., a, Cic. ; 
gladius, Ov.; b, blunted, stumpy ; lunae cornua, 
Cic; c, hebeti ictu, a blow that bruises and dors 
not pierce, Ov. II. Transf., a, of the senses, 
dull; auies, Cic; acies oculorum, Cic; b. ot 
action, sluggish, weak; hebes ad sustinendiini 
laborem miles, Sail.; c, of colour, dull; color 
non hebes, Ov.; d, mentally dull, heavy, stupid ; 
hebeti ingenio esse, Cic. ; homines hebetes, Cic. 

hebesco, 3. (inch, from hebeo), to become 
dull, blunt, dim; mentis acies, Cic. ; auctoritatis 
acies, Cic. 

hSbeto, 1. (hebes), to make dull, blunt. A. 
Lit., hastas, Liv. B. Transf., to make dull, blunt, 
to deaden, dim ; flammas, Ov.; alieui visus, Verg. 

Hebraeus -a -am, Hebrew, Jewish, Tac. 

Hebrus -i, in. fF-PpoO, the. chief river oj 
Thrace, flowing into the Aegean Sea. 

Hecabe, v. Hecuba. 

Hecale -es, f. ('EicaArj), a poor old woman 
who entertained Theseus. 

Hecate -es, f. (Exirn) and Hecata -ae, f. 

" she that works from afar," the goddess of magic 
and enchantment, often identified with Diana and 
/.win. Hence, adj., 1, Hecateius -a -urn, 
and 2, Hecate'is -Idis, f. Hecateun; hence— 
magical, Ov. 

hecatombe -es, f. (<f/caTd/iP7j), a hecatomb, 
sacrifice of a hundred oxen, Juv. 

Hector -toris, in. (*Ektwp), son of Priam, 
husband of Andromache, the bravest of the Trojans, 
killed by Achilles. Adj., Hectoreus -a -um 
(EKTopeos), belonging to Hector; poet.= Trojan, 
Verg. 

Hecuba -ae, f. and He-cube (Hecabe) -es, 

f. (Eicafin), wife of Priam. 

hedera -ae, f. ivy, a plant sacred to Bacchus, 
Caes., Hor. 

hederlger -gSra -gerum (hedera and gero), 
ivy-bearing, ivy-crowned, Cat. 

hederosua -a -um (hedera), ivied, full of ivy, 
Prop. 
Hedessa, v. Edessa. 

hedychrum -i, n. (TjSvxpovr), a fragrant 
salve, Cic. 
hei, interj., alas! hei mihi, woe is me, Ov. 
Helena -ae, f. and Helene -es, f. ('EAei^ 

daughter of I.eda and Jupiter, sister of Castor, 
Pollux, and Clytemnestra, mother of Hermione, 
wife of Menelaus, carried off by I'aris to Troy, 
and thus the cause of the Trojan war. 

HelenUS -i, m. ("EAeros), son of Priam, a 
soothsayer. 

Hell&dCS -um, f. ('HAidSet), the daughters oj 
the Sun, who, at the death of their brother I'hae. 
than, were changed into poplars, and their tears 
into amber; hence, nenius Hclmduin, a poplar 
grove, Ov. ; Heliadum laminae, amber, Ov. ; 
gemmae, amber, Mart. 

hclica -ae, f. (cAi'io;), winding, Cic. 

Hclice -es, f. fEAioj), 1, a town in Aehaia, 
destroyed by an earthquake, 372 A.G ; 2, ft con- 
stellation, the Great Bear, Cic. 

Helicon -finis, m. fEAucuf), a hill ofBoeotia, 
nered to Apollo awl the Muses; Heliconis 
aluuinae, the Muses, Ov. Hence, 1, adj., Heli- 
conius -a -um, Heliconian; 2, Hell- 



Hel 



249 



her 



coniades -urn, f. and 3, Helicomdes -urn, 

t the Mums. 

HelldddrUS -i, ill. ('HAi6Su>po5), ft celebrated 
rlidorician in the time of Horace. 

HelidpdliS -Cos, f. ('HAidrroAts), 1 ? ft town 
in- Coelesyria, now Baalbek ; 2, ft Iowa in Lower 
Egypt. 

Helle -es, f. ("EAAt;), daughter of Athamas 
and Nephcle, who fled from her step-mother Inn 
on a golden ram; and was drowned in the Helles- 
pont, so named after her. 

helix -icis, f. (e'Aif), a kind of ivy, Plin. 

helleborus, v. elleborus. 

Hellcspontus -i, m. ('EAAija-n-oiTos), 1, the 
Hellespont, Dardanelles ; 2, transf., the coast on 
bath sides of the Hellespont ; melon., the inhabi- 
tant* of this wast, Nep. Hence, adj., a, Helles- 
pontius -a -um, and b, Hellespcntiacus 
-a -inn, of or belonging to the Hellespont. 

helops (elops, ellops), -opis, m. (e'AAoi//), a 
savoury fish, perhaps the sturgeon, Ov. 
Helotes, v. Hilotae. 

heliiatio (helluatio) -onis, f. (heluor), glut- 
tony, Cic. ' 

heluo (helliio) -onis, in. a. glutton, gov- 
■mandiser, Cic. 

heluor (helliior), 1. dep. (heluo), to guzzle, 
gormandise, Cic. ; transf., cum aliquo reipub- 
licae sanguine, Cic. 

helvella -ae, f. a small pot-herb, Cic. 

Helvetli -orum, in. the Helvetii, the inhabit- 
ants of the part of Gallia now called Switzerland. 
Hence, adj., Helvetius and Helveticus 
-a -uni, Helvetian. 

Helvii (Helvi) -drum, m. « people in Gallia 
Frovincia. 

hem, interj. ah! oh! well! only see! just 
look! hem causaui, Cic. 

henicrodromus -i, m. (rj/xtpoSpd/uos), « 
special courier, express, Li v. 

hemicillus -i, m. (rjniicrvs and kiAAos), half 
an ass, a term of reproach, Cic. 

hemicyclium -ii, n, (rj/xiKv/cAiov), a semi- 
circular settee for conversation, Cic. 

hemina -ae, f. (i';/i.i.Va), a measure of capacity, 
half a sextarius, nearly half a pint English, 
Plant. 

hendecasyllabi -orum, m. (iiSexatruA- 
AajSoi), verses of eleven syllables, Cat. 

Hcncti -orum, m., v. Veneti. 

Henidchi -orum, m. ('Hw'oxot), ft people of 
Asiatic Sarmatia. Hence adj., Heniochius 
and Heniochus -a -urn, Heniochian. 

Henna (Enna) -ae, f. ('Ewa), an ancient 
city of Sicily, celebrated for a temple of Ceres. 
Hence adj., Heimensis -e, and Hennaeus 
-a -um, of or belonging to Henna. 

Hephaestfo -onis, m. ('H<£ata-TUdi<), a general 
and friend of Alexander the Great. 

hepteris -is, f. (d7rT>jp7)s), a galley with seven 
banks of oars, Liv. 

1. hera (era) -ae, f. (herus), 1, the mistress of 
ft house. Plant., Ter. ; 2, mistress, queen, female 
ruler, Cat., Ov. 

2. Hera -ae, f. (*Hpa), the Greek goddess 
identified with the Roman Juno; hence, Heraea 
-orum, n. ("Hpaia), the festival of Heru, Liv. 

Heraclea (ia) -ae, f. ('HpaKAem), the city of 
Heracles (Hercules), name of several Greek towns; 
1, ft colony of the Tarentines in the south of Italy, 
tn the rivir Siris; 2, a town in Phthictis, near 
'['herniopytof '> 3, a town in Bithynia on the. Black 



Sea, now llerakle ov Krekli; 4, ft town in Sicily 
on the Hah/cos, also called Minoa; 5, Heraclea 
Silltica, a town in Paeonia on the Strymon. Hence, 
a, Heracleenses -luin, the inhabitants of 
Heraclea ; b, Heracleotes ^ae, m. belonging 
to Heraclea; plur., Heraclcotae -arum, m. 
the inhabitants of Heraclea. 

Heracleum -i, n. (llpdicteiov), a town in 
Macedonia, on the borders of Tliessaly. 

Horaclia, v. Heraclea. 

Hcraclides -ae, m. ('HpaKAci'5>)5)> Pontieus, 
ft Greek philosopher. 

Heraclitus -i, m. ('HpaKAtcros), a Greek 
philosopher of Ephesus. 

1. Heraea -orum, v. Hera. 

12. Heraea -ae, f. ('Hpot'a), town in Arcadia, 
on the Alphcus. 

herba -ac, f. ((pe'p/3-w, <f>op/3->j, orig. ferb-a, 
whence also febra, libra), a plant with stalks, 
grass, plant, herb (sing, often collective). I. 
Gen., stupes et herbae, Cic; sing, collective, in 
herba se abjicere, Cic. II. Esp., a, the stalk of 
wheat, Cic. ; b, tares ; officiant laetis ue frugibus 
herbae, Verg. 

herbldus -a -uiu (herba), full of grass, grassy ; 
campus, Liv. 

herblfer -fera -ferum (herba and fero), full 
of herbage, grassy; colles, Ov. 

herbfgradus -a -um (herba and gradior), 
going through tlie grass, epithet of a snake, ap. 
Cic. 

Herbita -ae, f. (*Ep/3iTa), town in the in- 
terior of Sicily, now Nicosia. Hence, adj., Her- 
bltensis -e, of or belonging to Herbita. 

herbosus -a -uin (herba), full of herbage, 
grassy ; campus, Hor. 
herbula-ae, f. (dim. of herba), alittle herb,C\c. 

Herceus -a -um ('EpKfio?), ft surname of 

Jupiter as the protector of the house, courtyard, 
etc. 

hercisco (ercisco), 3. (herctum), to divide 
an inheritance, Cic. 

Hercle, v. Hercules. 

herctum -i, n. (probably connected wiWi 
heres), an inlieritance, found only in the phrase 
herctum ciere, to divide an inheritance, Cic. 

Herculaneum -i, n. I. town in Campania, 
destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius, under the 
emperor Titus. Hciuat, adj., 1, Herculanen- 
sis -e, of Herculaneum. Subst., in Herculanensi, 
in the district of Herculaneum ; 2, Hercula- 
neusand Herculanus -a -nm, of Herculaneum. 
II. townin Sainuiuni. 

Hercules -is and -i, in. ('HpaicArjs)i the son of 
Jupiter and Alcmena, husband of Veiunira and 
(after his deification) of Hebe, the national hero of 
the Boeotians ; the performer of twelve labours im- 
posed upon him by Eurystheus ; regarded a3 the 
giver of riches and the guide of the Muses. Vocat. 
sing., Hercules or Hercule and Hercle (an oath 
of the Romans), by Hercules, Cic. ; also meher- 
cules or mehercule^ Cic. ; Hercle sane, Cic. 
Hence adj., Herculeus -a -um, Herculean; 
arbor, the poplar, Verg. 

Hercynia silva -ae, f. the Hercyniaii forest, 
in Central Germany ; also, Hercynia -ae, i. 
the Hercyniaii forest, Tac. 

Herdonifa -ae, f. town in Apulia, destroyed 
by Hannibal. 

here = heri (q.v,). 

heredftarius-a-um(heres), 1, reletting loan 
inheritance ; auctio, Cic. ; 2, inherited, hereditary; 
Cogn o men, Cic. ; cojitroyersja, Cje, 



ner 



2aU 



hie 



hereditas -fitis, f. (heres), inheritance. A. 
Lit., hereditate possidere, Cic ; hereditatein 
adire or ceruere, Cic. B. Transf., hereditas 
gloriae, Cic. 

Hercnnius ^a -tun, name of a Roman gens. 
Adj., Herennianus -a -tun, Hcrcnnion. 
heredium -ii, n. (heres), a patrimony, Nep, 
heres (haeres) -edis, c. (connected with hir, 
Greek x«'p)> <* n heir. I. Lit., heres esse alicui 
"i- alicQius, Cic. ; aliqnem hercdetn seribere, 
facers, instituere, to make a person one's heir, 
Cic.; secundus, a person named to receive the 
inheritance if the original heir, cannot inlierit, 
Cic. II. Transf., successor; vcteris Academiae, 
Cic. 

hen (h£re), adv. (x0«, Lat HKS, whence, 
first hesi, then heri), 1, yesterday, Cic. ; 2, lately, 
Cat. 

herlfuga -ae, m. (herus and fugio), a fugi- 
tilt, runaway, Cat. 

he'rilis -e (herus), of or relating to the master 
ormistressofthehov.se; mensa, Verg. 

Hermaeum -i, n. ('Ep/uatov), lit., a temple 
of Hermes; a coast-town of Boeotio. 

Hermagoras -ae, m. ('Ep^ayopas), a Rhodia n 
rhetorician of about the second half of the seco)id 
century a. a 

hermaphroditus -i, 111. (tptia<pp6$nos), an 
hermaphrodite, Ov. 

Hermathena -ae, f. ('Ep^a07;n)), a double 
bust of Hermes and Athena, on the s">i>e pedestal, 
Cic. 

Hermeracles-is, m. ('Ep^paicAi)?), a double 
bust of Hermes and Hercules, Cic. 

Hermes -ae, m. CEpp-rj?, the god Hermes, 
Mercury), a jwst, the top of which was carved into 
a head, placed in the streets, esp. of Athena. 

Hermionc -es, f. and Hermiona -ae, f. 
('Ep/tion;), 1, daughter of Menelaus and Helena, 
wife of Orestes; 2, town in Argolis, now Kastri. 
Hence, adj., Hermldnlcus -a -uin, of or 
belonging to Hermione. , 

Hermiones -uni, m. a people of Germany. 

. Hcrmunduri -orum, in. a German tribe 
near the source of the Elbe, 

Hermus -i, m. ("Epp-oO, B river in Lydia. . 

Hernlci -Orum, m. a people in Latium. Adj., 
Hernicus -a -uni, Hernioan. 

Herd -us, f. ('Hpii), a priestess of Aphrodite at 
Sesios, beloved by Leander. 

Herodes -is, in. ('Hpwirjt), Herod the Great, 
king of Judaea. 

Herodotus -i, m. (/HpdSoTos), the first great 
Greek historian, born 484 a.c. 

heroicus -a -nin (^puiKo?), relating to the 
heroes, heroic; tcinpora, Cic; personae, Cic. 

heroine -es, f. (iipotivt)), a demigoddess, 
heroine, Prop. 

herois -Idis, f. (rjpuU), a demigoddeu, heroine, 
Ov. (Gr. dat. plur., heroism, Ov.). 

Horophlle -?s, f. CHpo^i'Aij), a priestess of 
Apollo. 

heros -ois, m. (ijpws), 1, a demigod, hero, Cic; 
2, a distinguished man, hero; noster Cato, Cic. 

herous -a -um (-qpwos), relating to a hero, 
heroic ; pes, versus, epic verse (hexameter), Cic. 

Hersilia -ae, f. wife of Romulus 

herus (erus) -1, m. 1, the master or head of a 
household, Cic; 2, master, owner, lord, Hor. 

Hesiodus -i, m. ('II<ti'oSgs), the oldest Greek 
j>orf after Homer. Adj., Hesiodeus -a -u|n, 
attlwiean, 



Hesiona -ae, f. and Hesione -es, f. 
(Hcnomq), (laughter of Laomedon, king of Troy, 
rescued by Hercules from a sea-monster. 

Hesperis -idis, f. ('Eo-n-epiO, western ; aquae, 
Italian, as Italy was to the west of Greece, 
Verg. Subst., Hespcrides -um, r. (ai 'E<r- 
TTfpiSes Ni'^i<J>ai), the Hesperides, daughters of the 
Evening, living in an island in the extreme west, 
in a garden with golden ajipbs, guarded by a. 
dragon. 

Hcsperius -a -uni (ionipws), western; terra, 
Italy, Verg. Subst., Hesperia -ae, f. the 
western land, Italy, Verg. ; Spain, Hor. 

Hesperus or -OS -i, in. (*E<r7repo s ), (Ae Even- 
ing Star, Cic 

hesternus -a -um (from root HES, whence 
heri), of or relating to yesterday; dies, Cic. 

hesterno, adv. (hesternus), yesterday, Cic. 

hetacrieds -e -on (<=TaipiK<k -ij -or), relating 
to comradeship, Nep. 

heu, interj. an exclamation of pain, oh! alas! 
woe! lieu ! me miserum, Cic. 

heus! interj. hallo! ho there! hark! heus tu 
quid agis ! Cie. 

hexameter -tra -trum (cfajuerpos), with six 
feet (of metre) ; hexameter versus, or versus 
hexameter, a hexameter, a verse of six feet, Cic. 

hexeris -is, f. (e^pn?), a galley with six 
banks of oars, Li v. 

hiatus -us, in. (liio). A. « cleft, opening; 

oris, Cic; tcrrac, Cic ; absol., the opening of 
the mouth, the open jaws, Verg. ; quid dignuiu 
tanto feret hie promissor hiatu, of such pompous 
language, Hor. B. Transf., a, desire after; 
pracmjoruin, Tac ; b, in grammar, a hiatus, 
the meeting of two vowels, Cic 

Hiberes-um ("I^ijpts), or generally HIberi 

-orum, m. the. Hibcrians (Iberians), i, the in- 
habitants of llib-ria in Spain; sing., HIber, 
Hor. ; 2, the inhabitants of Hiberia, in Asia, 
Hence, A. Hiberia -ae CipgpCa), 1, a part of 
Spain; 2, a district in Asia, now Georgia, Hor. 
B. Adj., 1, Hibericus -a -um, and 2, Hibe- 
rus -a -um, Hiberian, poet. = Spanish; gurges 
(of the Western Ocean), Verg. ; piscis, the scomber, 
Hor.; pastor triplex, Geryon, Ov. ; vaccae or 
boves, belonging to Geryon; Ov. 

hiberna -Orum, u., v. hibernus. 

hibernaculum -i, n. (hiberno), plur., hiber- 
nacula, tents or huts for winter quarters, Liv. 

Hibernia -ae, f. Ireland. 

hiberno, 1. (hibernus), to winter, spend the 
winter; 1, gen., in sicco (of ships), Liv. ; 2, 
esp. as milit. t.t., to keep in winter quarters, Cic 

hibernus -a-uin (liiems). I. Lit., wintry, win- 
terly; tempus, mensis, Cic; annus, time of winter, 
Hor. ; Alpes, cold, Hor. ; castra, winter quarters, 
Liv. Subst., hiberna -orum, n. (sc. castra), 
winter quarters; dies hibernorum, time for going 
into winter quarters, Caes. ; biberna aedificare, 
Liv.; cohortes in hiberna mittere, Cie.; ibi 
hiberna babere, Liv. ; ex hibernis disceilere, 
egredi, Cic. II. Transf., stormy; mare, Hor.; 
ventus, Verg. 

1. Hiberus -i, m. ("l^r/p), a river in Sjxtin, 
now the Ebro. 

'-'. Hiberus, v. Hiberes. 

hibiscum -i, n. (i/3ij-»cos), the marsh-moU 
Verg. 

hibrida (hybrida) -ae, c, 1, of animals, a 
hybrid, Plin. ; 2, of men, the offspring of a. 
Roman I>ij a foreign woman, or of a freeman by a 
s t, Hor. 

1. lllO, hacc, hoc, prou. ikmuustr. (from prqi 



hie 



251 



hip 



nominal stem I, whence also is, with demon- 
strative suffix ce), (his. A. Gen., hie avunculus, 
Cic. ; hie ipse, hie ille, hie iste, hie talis, quidam 
hie, Cic. ; hie . . . ille, hie . .-. iste; hie re- 
ferring to the object which may be the remoter 
one in the sentence, but is the nearer in the 
speaker's thoughts ; hoc, subst. with genife, hoc 
coinuiodi est, quod, etc., Cic.; absol. plur., haec, 
a, this town, ?hiri state; haecdelere, haeevastare, 
Cic; b, the whole visible world, Cic. B. Esp., 
a, hunc honiiiieiu = me, Hor. ; b, of time, this, 
the present; his temporibus, Cic; absol. plur., 
haec, the present state of affairs, Cic. 

•J. hie and heic, adv. here. I. Life, in this 
pla.ee, in, this spot, Cic II. Transf., A. herein, in 
this matter, on this occasion, Cic. B. Of time, 
hereupon, here, Cic. 

hlce, haeee, h5ce, proa, demonstr. (a more 
emphatic form of hie, haec, hoc), this; a, Cic ; 
in questions with -ne, hicine, haeclne, hoclne, 
Cic; b, of time, the present; huncino solem 
tain nigrum surrexe mini, Hor. 

Hioetaon -dnis, m, (lKerduiv), son of Lao- 
inedoii, king of Troy. Adj., Hicetaoniiis -a 
•urn, Tliymoetes, son of Hicetaon, Yerg. 

1 HIcetas -ae, m. ('Wtos), a Pythagorean of 
Syracuse. 

hicine, v. hice. 

hiemalis -e (hiems), 1, wintry, winterly; 
tempus, Cic. ; 2, stormy ; navigatio, Cic. 

hiemo, 1. (hiems). A. to winter, spend the 
winter; a, mediis in undis, Hor.; b, esp. of 
soldiers, to keep in winter quarters; hiemare in 
Gallia, Cacs. B. Transf., to be stormy; mare 
luumat, Hor. 

hiems (hiemps) -ends, f. (xe^uii-). I. rainy, 
stormy weather, storm; hiemis magnitudo, Cic; 
duin pelago desaevit hiems, Verg. II. A. the 
rainy season, winter; Arabes campos hieme et 
aestate peragrantes, Cic; personif., glacialis 
Hiems, Ov. B. Meton., 1, cold; letalis hiems 
in pectora venit, Ov. ; 2, year; post certas 
lnemes, Hor. 

Hiero, and Hieron -onis, in. (Upuv), 1 
Hiero I., ruler of Syracuse (477—467 A.c.); 2 
Hiero _II., ruler of Syracuse (269— 215 a.c). Adj. 
Hieronlcus -a -um, of Hiero. 

Hicrocles -is, in. (TepoKA^s), a Greek rhetor- 
ician, contemporary of Cicero. 

Hieronymus -i, m. ('lepii>/u^os), 1 a ruler 
of Syracuse, successor of Hiero II.; 2, a Greek 
peripatetic philosopher. 

Hierosblyma -drum, n. ('lepoo-6\vp.a), the 
capital of Judaea. Hence, Hierosolymarius. 
nickname of Pompey, "the hero of Jerusalem" 
(because of his priding himself on his oriental 
victories). 

hieto, 1. (iutens, of hio for hiato), to open 
the mouth, gape, Plaut. 

,, h ,*V ir ®» adv - ( hila "is), chcerfulUi, merrily, 
blithely; vivere, Cic. ; hilarius loqui, Cic. & 

hilaris -c, and hllarus -a -um (iAapo's), 

cheerful, merry, blithe, gay, jocund, jovial ; anim- 
us, vita, Cic ; esse vultu liilari atque laeto, 
Cic. ; hilariores litterae, Cic. 

hilaritas -atis, f. (hilaris), cheerfulness, mirth, 
gaiety, hilarity, Cic. 

hilaritudo -Inis, f. = hilaritas (q.v,). 

hilaro, 1. (hilaris), to make joyful, cheerful, 
to cheer up, exhilarate; huius suavitate max'ime 
hilaratae Athenae sunt, Cic; multo convivia 
Baccho, Verg. 

f hilarulus -a -um (dim. of lijlarus), somewhat 
tltesrfv.l, Cic, 



hilla -ae, f. (dim. of hira), 1, generally in 
plur., the smaller intestines of all animals; 2 a 
kind of sausage, Hor. 

Hilotae, and Ilotao -arum, m. (EiAiroi) 
the Helots, slaves of the Spartans. 

hilum -i, n. (another form of filum), a trifle ; 
nequc (nee) hilum, not a whit, not in the least 
Lucr. 

Himella -ae, f. a stream in the Sabim 

country. 

. HImera -ae, f. ('Ip.e'pa), 1, numeoflum riven 

m Sicily ; 2, town on one of these rivers. 

hinc, adv. from here, hence. I. A. Lit., a nobis 
hmc jirolecti, Cic. B. Transf., 1, from thit 
cause, Cic ; hinc illae lacrimae, Tor. ; from thii 
matter; hinc quantum cui videbitur decidere, 
Cic ; 2, of time, a, henceforth ; quisquis cs, 
ainissos hmc jam obliviscere Graios, Verg.' 
b, thereupon; hinc to to prueceps se corpore ad 
undas misit, Verg. II. on this side, in this 
direction; hmc atque illinc, on this side and on 
that, Cic. 

hinnio, i. to neigh, whinny, Lucr. 

hinnitus -us, m. (hinnio), a neighing, Cic. 

hinnuleus (hinnulus), -i, m. (hinnus), c 
young hind or fawn, Hor. 

hinnus -i, m. (twos), a mule, the offspring oj' 
a stallion and a she-ass (inulus = the offsi>ring o> 
a he-ass and a mare), Varr. 

hio, 1. (connected with x«'V<o, xoo-ku). I 
Intransit., to open, standopen, gape. A. Gen., 1, 
lit., concha hians, Cic; 2, transf., ofdiscour.se' 
to be badly put together, hang together badly ; hi. 
antia loqui, Cic. B. Esp., to open wide the 
mouth ovjam; 1, lit, Verg. ; 2, transf., a, 
to desire with open, mouth,, long for; Verrenv 
avaritia hianto atquo imminente fuisse, Cic. ; b 
to open the mouth in astonishment, Verg. If 
Transit., to pour forth; carmen lyrii, Prop. 

hipp&gogoe -5n, ace. -US, f. (ox imraywyoi), 
transports for cavalry, Liv. 

Hippias -ae, m. ('In-jnas), 1, son of Pisis 
tratus, tyrant of Athens; ?, a sophist of Elis 
contemporary with Socrates. 

Hippo -onis, m. (Imniv), "1, Hippo regius 
town in Numidia, now Bona; 2, town in His 
pania Tarraconensis. 

hippdcentaurUS -i, m. (imroKivTavpos), c 

centaur,- Cic, >■'-.-.' 

Hippocrates -is, m. (liriroKpaTrn), aphysi, 
aan of Cos (flourishing about 436 A.c). 

Hippocrene -es, f. (iV7rov Kprivri), afountain 
on Mount Helicon, produced by a blow from tli6 
hoof of Pegasus. 

Hippodame -es, f., and Hippodamea 

or -la -ae, f. flmrofia/u), -Sd/ieta), 1, daughter of 
Oenomaus, king of Pisa in Elis; 2, wife of 
Pirithous. 

Hippodamus -i, m. ClinroSanos), the horse- 
tamer— i.e., Castor; poet. = rider, Mart. 

hippodromos -i, m. (inn-dSpo/iot), a hippo- 
drome, or racecourse for horses and chariots, 
Plaut. 

Hippol$rte -Ss, f., and Hlppoltfta -ae, f. 
( InnokvTrj), 1, Queen of the Ama:ons, taken pri- 
soner by Theseus; 2, wife of Acastus, King of 
Magnesia. 

Hippolytus -i, in. ('Itdtoautos), son of The, 
sens aiul Hippolyte, or Anliope. 

hippomanes, n. (lmrop.ai>e's), 1, a slimy 
humour which flows from a marc when in heat, 
Verg. ; 2, a membrane on the head of a new-born 
foal, l'lin. ; both 1 ami 2 Were used for lovc- 
polions, Juy, 



Hip 2 

Hippomenes -ae, m. ('in-^o/ieVij;), 1, the 
husband ofAtalauta ; 2, father ofLimoue ; whence 
Hippomeneis -uSldis, f. = Limonc. 

Hipponax -iiactis, m. {'lnnwva£), a Greek 
satirical poet of the sixth century b.c. Hence 
adj., HipponactOUS -a -urn, biting, satirical; 
praecooiuni, Cic. ; Hipponacteos cflugere vix 
posse, Cic. 

hippopotamus -i, m. (in-7T07rdrap.os), a 
river-hone, hippopotamus, Plin. 

Hippdtades -ae, in.('l7rn-0TaX>js), descendant 
of llippotes, Acolvs (grandson nj llippotes), 

hippStOXOtA -ac, in. (in-rrorofoTi);), a 
mounted archer, Caes. 

hippurus, or -6s, -i, m. (in-Troi'pos), a fish, 
perhaps the goldfish, Ov. 

hir and ir, indccl. (cunnccted with x<n'p)> tlte 
hand, ap. Cic. 

hira -ae, f. d gut, intestine, Plaut. 

hircinus -a -uin (hircus), of or relating to 
he-goat ; folles, made of goat skins, Hor. 

hiredsus -a -uni (hircus), smelling likea goat, 
goatish, Plaut. 

hir cuius -i, in. (dim. of hircus), a little goat, 
Cat. 

hircus -i, m. ahc-goat, Verg. ; olere hircuin, to 
smell like a goat, Hor. ; used as a term of re- 
proach, un old- goat, Cat. 

hirnea -ae, f. a can or jug, Plant. 

hirnula -ae, f. (dim. of hirnea), a little can 
or jug, Cic. 

Hirpini -orum, m. a Samnite people of Lower 
Italy; adj., Hirpinus -a -uin, Hirpine. 
hirquus, hirquliius = hircus, hircinus (q. v.). 

hirsutus -a -um (conn. With hirtus), 1, 

covered with hair, hairy, hirsute, rough, shaggy, 
prickly; supercilium, Verg.; crines, Ov. ; aliae 
(aiiimantium) spinis hirsutae, Cic; 2, rough, un- 
adorned ; nihil est hirsutius illis (annalibus), Ov. 
Hirtius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
»iosl celebrated member of which irasA, Hirtius, the 
friend and follower of C. Julius Caesar, slain at 
the battle of it odena, the author of the Eighth book of 
Caesar's Bell. Gall. Hence, adj., Hirtuius 
-a -mil, of OT belonging to Hirtius. 

hirtus -a -um (root HIR), 1, shaggy, rough, 
hairy, prickly; setae, Ov. ; capellae, Ov.; 2, 
Iransf., rough, uncultivated; ingenium, Hor. 

hirudo inis, f, a leech, Plin. ; transf., 
aerarii, Cic. 

hirundimnus -a -um (hirundo), of or re- 
lating to swallows, Plaut. 

hlrundo -dlnis, f. (\<kd)u>v), a swallow, Verg. 

hiSCO, 3. (eontr. for hiasco), 1, to open, split 
open, gape, Ov. ; 2. especially, to open- the mouth, 
to mutter; responuebisne ad haec aut omnino 
liiscere andebis? Cic. 

Hispal -pSlis, n. and (more commonly) 
Hispalis -is, f. toxnn in Spain, now Seville. 
Hence, Hispalienses -Imn, the inhabitants of 
Hispalis. 

Hispani -orum, m. the Spaniards ; hence, A. 
Jll8pa.ixia-&e,{. the v;holeoftheSpianish pen insula. 
(including Portugal) divided into citerior, the 
eastern part (later Hisp. Tarraconensis), and 
Ulterior, the southern and western part (later 
Lusitanla and Raetica); hence plur. Tlispaniac. 
B, Hispanicnsis -e, and C. Hispanus 
-o -uin, Spanish. 

hispidus -a -um, rough, shaggy, hairy, 
bristly ; facies, Hor. ; agcr, wild, Hor. 

1 fii«ter = histrio (q.c). 



* horn 

2. Hister -tri, m. ("Io-Tpos) iwmr of the lower 
part of the Danube, binomiuis (as the Upper part 
was called Danuvius), Ov. 

historia -ae, f. (io-ropia), 1, historical narra- 
tive, history; historia Graeca, Roman history 
written in Greek, Cic. ; historia Italici belli et 
civilis, Cic. ; historian] scribere, Cic. ; 2, narra- 
tive, narration; historia dignum, worthy of nar- 
ration, Cic 

historlcus -a -um (iaropiK<k), relating nr 
belonging to history, historical; genus, Cic; 
subst., historlcus -i, m. an historian, Cic 

Histri -Drum ("Iarpoi), Istrians, inhabitant* 
of Istrin; hence, A. Histria -ac, f. ('Iarpia), 
Histria, a country near Illyria. B. Histricus 
-a -um, Histrian 

histricus -a -um (hister), of or relating t<> 
actors, Plaut. 

histrio -onis, m. an actor, Cic. 

histrionalis -e (histrio), of or relating t'> 
actors, Tac. 

hiulce, adv. (hiulcus), in a disconnected man- 
ner ; loqui, Cic 

hiulco, 1. (hbilcus), to cause to gape, to split, 
Cat. 

bullous -a -mn (for hiulicus, from bio), 
gaping, cleft, open. I. Lit., hiulca siti arva, 
Verg. II. Transf., a, ofdiscoursc, illput together, 
disconnected; concursus verborum, Cic; b, 
eager, longing, Plaut. 

hodie, aclv. (liodie = hoc die), to-day (opp. 
eras, heri). I. Lit., liodie sunt nonae textiles, 
Cic. II. Transf., a, at the present time, Cic. ; b, 
now, at present ; si hodie banc gloriani atque hoc 
orbis terra o imperium teneremus, Cic. ; vp to 
to-day, up to the present time ; qneni vivere liodie 
aillllt, Cic. ; c,= at once, directly, Cic, 

hSdiernus -n -um (hodie), of or relating to 
to-day; dies, Cic. ; edictum, Cic ; ad hodicrnum 
diem, up to to-day, Cic. 

hoedus, hoedinus, etc. = haedus, hacdi- 
nus, etc (q.v.). 

Homerus -i, m. ("tb")pos), the celebrated 

Greek epic poet; hence, adj., Homericus -a -um, 
Homeric. 

homicida -ae, c. (homo ami caedo). I. Life, 

(• murderer, murderess, homicide, Cic. II. In a 
; .;ood sense (Gk. av&potpovoi), of Hector, slayer of 
men, Hor. 

homicidium-ii, n. (homicida) murder, man- 
slaughter, homicide, Tac. 

homo -inis, in. (old Latin bemo), a human 
being, man. I. Gen., man, as opp. to the beasts 
(vir, man as opp. to woman); in plur., homines, 
men in general, people, Cic ; homo nemo, or 
nemo homo, not a soul, no one, Cic. ; odium 
hominis, re hateful man, Cic. ; inter homines 
esse, a, to live, Cic ; b, to mix in soviet*; be 
in the world, Cic. II. Esp., A. a, « man, in 
the better sense of the word ; nihil hominis 
esse, to be without the better qualities of a man ; 
hominem ex homine tollere or exuere, to take 
from a man, that which constitutes a man, Cic ; 
si quidem homo esset, if he had the feelings of a 
man, Cic ; homines visi sumus, Cic. ; viriini 1e 
putabo . . . hominem non putabo, I must praise 
your patience and not your taste, Cic ; b, a Manas 
liable to error, a mortal; quia homo est, Cic B, 
Used in place of pronouns, valde hominem diligo, 
(where it stands for hunc, enm, or ilium), Cic ; 
hie homo = ego, Hor. C. a stove, servant; 
Quintii, Quintius's man, Cic. D. Plur., homines 
infantry (opp. cqnitcs), Cacs. 

hompeomeria -ac, f. (opoioptptia), sh>i\- 
lurity af purls, Lucr 



Horn 



253 



Homole -e^s, f. ('Op.dA.T)), a mountain in Thes- 
suly, where Pan was worshipped. 

homullus -i, ni. (dim. of homo), a little man, 
manikin, Cic 

homuncio -onls, di. (dim. of homo), a little 
man, manikin, Cic. 

homunculus -i, m. (dim. of homo), a little 
man, manikin, Cic. 

honestas -atis, f. (honestus). I. honour- 
ahlercjwtation, honour, respectability ; honestatem 
amittere, Cic; appetens honestatis, Cic. ; hones- 
tates eivitatis, notabilities, Cic. II. worth, 
virtue, honourable character, probity; 1, vitae, 
Cic. ; hinc (pugnat) honestas, illinc turpitudo,' 
Cic; transf., of things, beauty; testudinis, Cic. ; 
2, philosoph. 1. 1, virtue, Cic. 

hdneste, adv. (honestus), 1, lumourably, 
creditably, respectably; cenare, Cic; se gerere 
Cic ; in pugna honeste cadere, Cic. ; 2, hon- 
ourably, nobly ; honeste geniti, of noble birth, 

honesto (honestus), to honour, distinguish, 
adorn, dignify; aliquem laude, honore, Cic. ; 
aomuin, curiam, Cic. 

honestus -a -urn (honor). I. honourable; reput- 
able, glorious; 1, gen., victoria, Liv.; dies honest- 
lssimus, Cic; with sup., honestumne factu sit 
an turpe, Cic ; honestum est with ace and 
infin., Cic; snbst, honestum -i, n. ■morality, 
virtue, Cic ; 2, esp., a, fine, beautiful, Ter. ; 
subst., honestum -i, n. beauty, Hor. ; b, spe- 
cious, fine-sounding; honestum et probabile 
nomen, Cic Il.ivorthy of honour, distinguished; 
tainilia, Cic. ; honesto loco natus, Cic. ; vir 
honestus or lioiiestissimus (title of the knights), 
Cic ; subst., honesti -orum, m. people of dis- 
tinction, Hor. 

honor = honos (q.v.). 

honorabllis -e (honor), honourable; haec 
ipsa sunt honorabilia, salutari, appeti, decedi 
assurgi, etc., Cic. ' 

honorarius -a -um (honor), done or given in 
honour of, honorary; vinum, fnimentum, Cic : 
opera, Cic ; delecfeare honorarium (est), done out 
of respect for Hie audience, Cic 

honorate, adv. (lionoratus), with honour, 
honourably, Tac. ' 

honoratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and 
super . (honoro), 1, honoured, distinguislied, 
respected; vin, Cic; nusquam est senectus 
honoratior, Cic ; 2, honoured by a public office 
placed in a high position, in office; honorati 
quatuor din, Cic. 

honorlfice, adv., comp. honorificentius, 
superl. hononficentissime (honorificus), with 
honour, in an honourable or respectful manner ■ 
linnonlicentissime aliquem appellare, Caes • 
aliquem honoriticentissime tractare, Cic. 

honorificus -a -um, compar. honorificen- 
tior, superl. honorificentissimus (honor and 
lacio), causing honour, honourable, honourina ■ 
senatus consultuin, Cic; senectus, Cic 

honoro. 1. (honor), 1, to honour, show honour 
to; aliquem, C.c ; 2, to adorn, dignify, honour 
with ; aliquem sella curuli, Liv. 
hbnorus -a -um (honor), honourable, Tac. 
honos and honor -Oris, m. I. honour, hon- 
ourable distinction. A. Gen., honorem alicui 
habere, tribuere, Cic, praestare, Ov., honore 
aliquem afflcere, to show honour to, Cic ■ 
honore aliquem angere, Caes. ; in honore habere' 
tic. ; esse, Cic ; esse alicui summo honori, to 
prove honourable to, Cic ; aliqnid in honorem 
auuucere, to bring to honour, Cic. ; honori duci- 
tur, it is considertd an honour, SalL ■ honorem 



hoi* 



praefail or dicere, to say "by yoiir leave," Cic.i 
honoris causa or gratia, out of resect ; quern 
honoris causa or gratia nomiuo, Cic. ; honoris 
Divitiaci et Aeduorum causa, Cic. ; so, ad hon- 
orem alicuius, Cic. ; ad honorem atque ampli- 
tudinem tuam, Cic. ; supremus honos (the la«t . 
honour = burial), Verg. ; communi in inorte 
honore carere, Cic. ; mortis honore carere.Verg.; 
B. Esp., a, an office of dignity, a public office; 
ad Jionores ascendere, Cic. ; houoribns amp'lissi- 
mis perfunctus, Cic. ; b,a title of lionour ; hono* 
militans, Liv. ; c, a reward, fee; honos medici, 
tic ; d, honour reiulered to the gods, sacrifice, 
Verg C. Personif., Honor, the god of honour. 
II. Poet, transf., beauty, grace, ornament ; 
honorum runs, crops, Hor. ; sil varum, foliage, 
Verg. ^ ' 

1- hora-ae, f. (ipo). L/imeingen.;numquam 
te crastina fallet hora, Verg. II. a definite space 
of time. A. a time of the year, season ; verni tem- 
ponshora, Hor. B.a timeoftheday, hour; 1, lit 
in horam vivere, to live for the moment, Cic. ; 
hora amphus, more than an hour, Cic ; in hora 
m an hour, Cic. ; in horas, hourly, Cic ; hora 
quota est ? what's o'clock ? Hor. ; horae legitimae, 
hours fixed as limits to a speech, Cic. ; 2, meton., 
horae -arum, f. a clock, dial, mittere ad horas, 
Cic . ' 

t h ?^ ra " ae > f> the 1mme °f Hersilia when 
deified, the celestial wife of Quirinus. 

Horae -arum, f. ffipai), tlie Hours, goddesses 
who presided over the clianges of the seasons, at- 
ten/lants on the sun-god. 

Horatius -a -um, name of a Roman gens to 
which belonged, 1, the three Horatii, who fought 
against the three Alban Cnriutii; 2, Horatius 
Codes, who defended the bridge over the Tiber 
against the army oj Porsena; 3, Qu. Horatius 
Haccus, son of a freedman of the lioratian gens 
(0o-8 a. a), the celebrated Roman lyric poet. 

hordeaceus and -clus -a -um (hordeurn), 
of or relating to barley, Plin. 

hordearfus -a -um (hordeurn), of or w- 
lating to barley, Plin. 

hordeius -a -um = hordeaceus (q.v.). 

hordeurn (ordeum) -i, n. barley,- Liv., 

horia (oria) -ae, f. a small fishing-boat, Plaut 
horiola (oriola) -ae, f. (dim. of oria), a 
small fishing-boat, Plaut. 

horior, 4. (connected with Sawut), to urge, 
incite, encourage, Enn. 

horizon -ontis, m. (6pi'£o>-), the horizon, Sen. 

homo, adv. (hornus), this year, Plaut. 

hornotinus -a -um (hornus), of or relating 
to the present year ; frumentum, Cic. 

hornus -a -um' (for horinus. from hora), a* 
this year, this year's; vina, Hor. 

horologium -li, n. (tipoAo'yiov), a clock, sun 
dial, or water-clock, Cic. 

horosedpos -Sn, m. (<ipo<rxorros), a hora. 
scope, Pers. 

horrendus -a -um (paitic. of liorreo), 1 
horrible horrid, frightful, dreadful; monstrum 
Verg; Sibylla, Verg. ; neut. as adv., horrendur* 
stndens belua, Verg. ; 2, worthy of reverenco. 
venerable ; Virgo, Verg. 

horreo, 2. I. to bristle. A. Lit., a, horret 
seges aristis, Verg. ; b, to be hard and ronqA 
with frost ; terrain uno tempore florere deinde 
vicissim horrere, Cic. B. Of hair, to stand on 
end.; comae horrent, Ov. ; partic, homms. 
prickly, rough ; rubi, Verg. II. Of persons, to 
shiver or shudder with cold or fright A. 
Intransit., horreo animo, Cic. B. Transit to 



hoi» 



254 



Hos 



thiiddef a'. ; eriinen, Cic; with infiu., nonhorreo 
in hunc locum progredi, Cic. 

horresco, horrfii, 3. (horreo), 1. to stand on 
end, bristle, be rough; horrueruntque comae, 
Ov. ; mftre coepit horrescerc, to be stormy, Cic. ; 
2, to tremble, begin to shudder, begin to dread, 
Cic; horresdo referens, Verg. ; with ace, morsus 
futuros, Verg. 

horreum -i, n. a barn, storehouse, magazine, 
granary ; Capua horreum Campani agri, Cic. ; 
poet., a bee-hive-, Verg. ; an ant-hill, Ov. 

horrfbllis -e (horreo), 1, horrible, frightful, 
dreadful, fearful ; pestis reipnblicae, Cic. ; hor- 
ribile est, with infln., Cic; 2, astonishing, won- 
drrful ; horribili vigilantiS, Cic. 

horride, adv. (horridus), 1, roughly, with- 
out embellishment; dicere, Cic. ; norridius utetur 
on.amcntis, Cic; 2, roughly, harshly; alloqui, 
Tac. 

horridulus -a'-um (dim. of horridus), 1, 
somewhat rough, projecting, Plaut ; 2, transf., 
somewhat rough, unadorned ; orationes, Cic. 

horridus -a -um (horreo). I. rough, shaggy, 
bristly. A. Lit., barba, Cic ; sus, Verg. B. 
Transf., a, rough, wild, savage; campus, Cic; 
b, rough, without refinement, unpolished, un- 
couth ; Tubero vita et oratione horridus, Cic. 
II. 1, shuddering, trembling with cold; si pre- 
merem ventosas horridus Alpes, Ov. ; 2, dread- 
ful, horrible ; procella, Verg. 

horrifer -fera -feruin (hoiTor and fero), 
causing dread, bringing fear, terrible; boreas, 
Ov. ; Erinys, Ov. 

horriflce, adv. (horriflcus), with dread, 
Lucr. 

horvlf Ico, 1. (horriflcus), 1, to male rough, 
Cat. ; 2, to terrify, Verg. 

horriflcus -a -um (horror and facio), caus- 
ing tenor, horrible ; letum, Verg. 

horrisouus -a -um (horreo and sono), sound- 
ing horribly; fremitus, Verg. . 

horror -oris, m. (horreo), l t a shaking, 
shivering with cold, ague-fit; quoniam jam sine 
horrore est, spero esse, ut volumus, Cic. ; 2, 
trembling; a, from dread, terror, horror; qui 
me horror perfudit, Cic; b. religious dread, 
au-e; perfusus horrore venerabund usque, Liv. 

horsum, adv. (contr. for hucvorsum), in 
tliis direction, hitherward, Plaut. 

Horta -ae, f. town in Etruria, now Orte. 
Adj., Hortinus -a -um, of Hurta. 

hortamen -Inis, n. (hortor), an encourage- 
ment, incitement, exhortation, Liv. 

hortamentum -i, n. (hortor), encourage- 
ment, incitement. Sail. 

hortatio -On is, f. (hortor), exhortation, en- 
couragement ; hortatione agere cum aliquo, Cic ; 
plur., contioncs hortatiouesque, Cic. 

hortator -oris, m. (hortor), an exhorler, en- 
courager ; absol., isto hortatore, Cic. ; with 
genit., studii, to study, Cic; with ad and the ace. 
gerund, auctores hortatoresque ad me rcstitu- 
enduni, Cic; with ut and the snbj., Cic; esp., 
as milit. 1. 1., one who exhorts the soldiers, Liv. 

hortatus -us, m. (hortor), incitement, exliort- 
ation ; id fecisse aliorum consilio, hortatu, Cic. 

Hortenslus -a -um, name of a Roman gens, 
the most famous member of which was Qu. Ilor- 
tensius Hortaluo, an orator of the time of Cicero. 
Adj., HortensianuB -a -urn, Ilortensian. 

hortor, 1. dep. (contr. from horitor, intens. 
of horior, to encourage, from the same root 
as opwijn), to exhort, incite, encourage. I. Gen., 
a, of persons, aliquem, Cic. ; with ut and the 
subj., inagno opere te hortor ut, etc. Cic. ; with 



ne and the subj., hortatur eos ne ahimo defid- 
"ant, Caes. ; with subj. .alone, hortatur non 
solum ab eruptionibus c.iveant, etc, Caes. ; with 
infin., hortamur farl, Verg. ; with ad, populnm 
ad vindieandum, Sail. ; with in and the ace, 
Gentium in amicitiam secum et cum Macedon- 
ibus jungendam, Liv. ; with de, do Aufidiano 
nomine ndiilte hortor, Cic; with ace. of thing, 
paceni, Cic; prov., hortari cuiTentem, to spur 
Vie willing horse, Cic; b, of inanimate subjects, 
multae res ad hoc consilium Gallos hortabantur, 
Caes. ; with infin., reipnblicae dignitas minora 
haec relinquere hortatur, Cic. II. Esp., to 
harangue soldiers before a battle ; suos, Caes. 

hortiilus -i, m. (dim. of hortus), a little 
garden, Cat.; gen. plur., hortuli, grounds, a small 
park, Cic , „. 

hortus -i, m. (xdpTo;), garden ; Epicuri, 
(where Epicurus taught), Cic ; nieton., garden 
produce, Hor. 

hospes -pitis, c. (akin to host is), a stranger, 
foreigner; hence, a guest, guest friend, Cic. ; 
transf.= unknown, inexperienced in; nee peie- 
grinum atque hospitem in agendo esse debere, 
Cic 

hospitalis -e (hospes), 1, relating to a guest 
or host ; cubiculum, guest-chamber, Liv. ; sedes, 
Cic. ; caedes, murder of a guest, Liv. ; Juppiter, 
protector of guests, Cic; 2, friendly, hospitable; 
domohospitalissimus, Cic; with in and the ace, 
Cimonem in suos curiales Laciadas hospitalem 
Cic. 

hospitalltas -atis, f. (hospitalis), hos- 
pitality, Cic. 

hospitalitcr, adv. (hospitalis), hospitably, 
Liv. 

hospitium -li, n. (hospes). I. hospitality, 
the relation betxeeen host and guest; mihi cum 
aliquo hospitium est, Cic, or intercedit, Caes. ; 
alicuius hospitio usus sum, Caes. ; hospitium 
cum aliquo facere, Cic. ; jungere, Liv. II. hos- 
pitality, friendliness, hospitable reception. A. 
aliquem hospitio magnifieentissimo accipere, 
Cic. ; aliquem hospitio invitare, Cic. B. 
Meton., a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, inn; 
hospitium parare, Cic; cohortes per hospitia 
dispersae, billeted, Tac. • transf., the resting- 
place of animals, Verg. 

hospltus -a -um (hospes). I. strange, foreign; 
navis, Ov. ; aequora, Verg. ; eonjunx hospita 
Teucris, Verg. Subst., hospita -ae, f. a 
foreigner, Cic. II. hospitable; terra, Verg. 
Subst., hospita -ae, f. the hostess, Cic. 

hostia -ae, f. (from 2. hostio, lit, the thing 
struck), an animal slain in sacrifice, a sin-offer- 
ing ; humana, Cic. ; hostias immolare, Cic, or 
mactare, Verg. 

hostiatus -a -um (hostia), provided with 
animals for sacrifice, Plaut. 

hostlcus -a -um (hostis), relating or be- 
longing to the enemy, hostile ; ager, Liv. Subst., 
hostlcum -i, n. the enemy's territory ; in hos- 
tico, Liv. 

hostlf Icus -a -um (hostis and facio), hostile, 
Cic. 

hostilis -e (hostis), 1, of or relating to the 
enemy, hostile; expugnatio, Cic; in augury, 
pars (opp. familiaris), the part of the entrails said 
to refer to the enemy, Lucau.; 2, like an enemy,. 
unfriendly, hostile; hostili odio et crudelitate, 
Cic. ; muita hostilia audere, Tac. 

hostllltcr, adv. (hostilis), hostilely, like an 
enemy; quid ille fecit hostiliter, Cic. 

HostlllUS -ii, m. Tullus, third ling of Rome. 
Adj., Hostilius -a -um, Hostxlian ; curia, built 
by Tullus Hostilius, Liv. 



hds 



r* 



00 



Hya 



hostimentum -i, n.(i.hostio), cowjxmsafioH, 
requital, Plant. 

1. hostlo, 4. to requite, recompense, Plaut. 

2. hostio, 4. to strike, Plaut. 

hostis -is, c. originally a stranger, but after- 
wards an enemy, a public foe (nop. inimicus, a 
private enemy). A. Lit., cives hostesquc, Liv. j 
unities nos statuit ille non inimicos sed hostes) 
Cic. ; populo Romano, adversus Ttomanos, LiV. j 
hostom ;diquem judicare, to denounce t*s rtfi 
enemy to his country, Cic. ; sing, collect.) cttpta 
hostis, the female captives, Liv. B. Transf., 1, 
ii bitter foein private life; hostis omnium liomin- 
uni, Cic. ; 2, a rival in love, Ov. 

hue, adv. (hie), hither, to this place, 1, of 
space, lmc ades, come hither, Verg.; turn hue turn 
illuc, Cic. ; nunc hue nunc illuc, Verg. ; hue et 
iliac, hue, illuc, Cic. ; hue atque illuc, hither 
and thither, Cic. ; 2, not referring to place, 
hither, thus far, to this point; rem hue deduxi, 
Cic. ; hue te pares, for this object, Cic. ; aceedat 
hue, Cic. 

hucine, adv. so far ? as far as this ? hucine 
tandem omnia reciderunt ? Cic. 

hui, interj., exclamation of astonishment, 
ridicule, etc., eh! li.allo ! hui, quam timeo quid 
existimes, Cic. 

liujusmodi or hujuscemodi, of this 
hind, of such a kind, such; ex liujusmodi prin- 
cipio, Cic." 

humane, adv. (humanus), 1, humanly, like 
a human being; morbos toleranter et humane 
ferre, Cic. ; 2, humanely, kindly, courteously; 
fecit humane, Cic. 

humanitas -atis, f. (humanus). l.humanity, 
human nature, human feeling; omnem humaui- 
tatem exuere, Cic. ; fac, id quod est humanitatis 
tuae (what you owe to yourself as a man), ne quid 
aliurt cures hoc tempore nisi ut quam commod- 
issime convalescas, Cic. II. Esp., A. humanity, 
human kindness, kindness, philanthropy, mild- 
ness; edictorum, Cic. B. refinement of education 
and taste, good breeding, mental cultivation, cul- 
ture; communium litterarum ac politioris hu- 
manitatis expers, Cic. 

liurnanitcr, adv. (humanus), 1, humanly, 
in a way becoming human nature; vivere, Cic; 
2, politely, courteously, kindly; litterae humaniter 
scriptae, Cic. 

humanitUS, adv. (humanus), after the man- 
ner of men ; si quid niihi humanitus accidisset, 
i.e. if I should die, Cic. 

humanus -a -tnn(homo),/Mtma«, oforrelating 
to human beings. I. Gen., genus, the human race, 
Cic. ; facies, Cic. ; res humanae, human affairs, 
Cic., or things happening to man, Cic. ; hostia, 
human sacrifice, Cic. ; scelus, against men, Liv. ; 
humanum est, it is human, Cic. ; subst., a, 
humanus -i, m. one of the human race, Ov. ; 
b, humana -drum, n, human affairs; humana 
miscere divinis, Liv., or things happening to 
man, the fate of man; omnia humana tolerabilia 
ferre, Cic. II. Esp., A. humane, kind, philan- 
thropic ; erga aliquem, Cic. B. civilised, refined; 
gens humana atque docta, Cic. 

humatio -onis, f. (humo), a burying, inter- 
ment, Cic. 

humecto, 1. to wet, moisten, wafer; qua niger 
hunieetat fiaventia culla Galesus, Verg. ; vultum 
largo Humine, Verg. 

humeo, 2. to be moist, wet, Ov.; partic. pres., 
humens -entis, moist, wet, dewy ; umbra, Verg.; 
oculi, Ov. 

humerus -i, m. the shoulder, a, of men, 
sagittae pendebant ab humero, Ov. ; puerum in 



humeros suos effcrfe, Cic. ; fig., comitia immei'U 
suis sustinero, Cic. ; b, of animals, the shoulder, 
fore-quarter, Cic. 

humesco, 3. (humeo), to become wet, groxu 
moist, Verg. 

humldulus -a -urn (dim. of humidns), sortie* 
what wet, moist, Ov. 

humidus -a -urn (humeo), wet, moist, humid; 
ligna, Cic. ; mella, liquidj Verg. ; Ide, rich in 
streams, Ov. Subst., humidum -i, n. a wet 
place, Tac. ; humida -drum, n. wet parts, Cic. 

humifer -fera -ferum (humor and fero), con- 
taining moisture, moist, Cic. poet. 

humilis -e (humus), low. I. Lit., a, low 

(ns opposed to high), arbores et vitcs et quae 
sunt huiniliora, Cic. ; statura humili, Nep. ; b, 
(as opposed to deep), shallow ; fossa, Verg. II. 
Transf., A. Of position, rank, etc., low, mean, 
humble, poor, insignificant; humilibus parent i- 
bus natus, Cic. ; humillimus de plebe, Liv. ; 
subst., humilis -is, in. a person of low rank, 
Hor. B. Of character, a, abject, base; humili 
animo ferre, Cic; b, submissive, humble; ob- 
secratio humilis, Cic. C. Of expression, mean, 
without elevation; oratio humilis etabjecta, Cic. 

hiimilitas -atis, f. (humilis). I. smallness, 
lowness, nearness to the ground ; animalium, Cic. 
II. Transf., A. lowness of birth or station, in- 
significance, obscurity; alicuius humilitateni 
despicere, Cic B. humility of disposition, sitb- 
missiveness, abjectuess ; humilitas et obsecratio, 
Cic. 

humili ter, adv. with com par. and superl. 
(humilis), humbly, meanly, abjectly ; sentire, Cic; 
servire, Liv. 

humo, 1. (humus), 1, to cover with earth, 
bury; aliquem, Cic; 2, transf., to perform the 
funeral rites over a corpse (burn, etc.), Nep. 

humor -oris, in. (akin to x v Mos, a liquid), 
moisture, liquid, fluid. L Gen. Bacchi, wine, 
Verg. ; lacteus, milk, Ov. ; circumfluus, the sea, 
Ov.; humor in genas labitur, tears, Hor.; plur., 
humores marini, Cic. II. Esp., the sap of plants, 
Verg. 

humus -i, f. {akin to ^a/u-at); tlie ground, 
earth, soil. I. Lit., humus injecta, Cic. ; humi, 
on the ground, on the floor ; jaeere, Cic. ; stratus 
humi, Cic ; humo, a,, from the ground ; sni'gere, 
Ov. ; b, on the ground ; sedere, Ov. ; c, out of the 
ground ; fundit humo facjlein victum justissima 
tellus, Verg. ; d, in the ground ; figere plantas, 
Verg. II. Meton., land, country; Punica, Pon- 
tica, Ov. 

hyacinthinus -a -urn (uaxiVfln'o?), hyacin- 
ihine, belonging to the hyacinth ; fios, Cat. 

1. Hyacinthus (-os) -i, in. (YiKivSot), a 
beautiful Spartan youth, beloved of and accident- 
ally killed by Apollo; from his blood sprang the 
flower ctdled by his name; hence, Hyacinth in 
-Grain, n. a festival celebrated atS}Xtrta. 

2. hyacinthus -i, m. (idKivdo^), a flower, the 
hyacinth (not the flower so called by us), Verg. 

Hyades -urn, f. 0Yd£«). the Hyades, a group 
of seven stars in the constellation Taurus, Verg. 

hyaena -ae, f. (vaiva), the hyena, Ov. 

hyalus -i, m. (vaAos), glass; color hyali, glass- 
green, Verg. 

HyampSlis -polis, f. (\'dp.iro\is), a city in 
the E. of Biiocis. 

Hyantes -lain, in. ('Yan-es), anold name for 
the Boeotians; adj., a, Hyanteus -ijum, 
Boeotian, Ov.; aqua, Castalia, Mart.; b, Hyan- 
tius -a -um, Boeotian ; subst., Hyantius -ii, 
m. Actaeon, grandson of Cadmvs, Ov. 



Hya 



<M 



las 



Hyas -amis, ill. (*Yas), son of Atlas, and 
brother (or fittker) of the Hyades; sidus Hyantis, 
the Hyades, Ov. (ace. sing., Hyan. Ov.). 

Hybla »a6, r. mid Hyble ; ?s, f. ('Y/3,\a), 1, 
« mountain of Sicily, famed for its bees; adj., 
Hyblaeus »n -uni, flyblown ; 2, name of three, 
towns i n Sicily (parva, major, and minor); hence 
Hyblenses -lum, in. //ie inhabitants of Hybla. 

HydaspeS -pis, in. ('Yfiao-m]?). 1, a rim- in 
India, now Behvt or Djelun ; 2, name, of an 
Indian slave. 

hydra -ae, f. (v&pa), 1, the many-headed 
water-snake, of the. Lernaean Ixike, slain by Her- 
cules ; 2, a constellation ako callrd Anguis ; 3, a 
monster of the lower vorld with fifty heads. 

hydrauius -i, m. {v&pavKo<;), a water organ, 
Cic. 

hydria -ae, f. (v&pia.), an urn, water-jar, Cic. 

liydrochous -i, m. (Wpoxoos), the constella- 
tion Aqvarins, Cat. 

• hydropiCUS -a -um (i'SpwrriKot), dropsical, 
Hor. 

hydrops -opis, m. (vSpwJ/), the dropsy, Hor. 

1. hydrus -i -in (vSpot), a water-snake, hydra, 
Verg. ; applied to the. hair of Medusa and the 
Furies, Verg. 

2. Hydrus -druntis, f. ('Y6po0«;), and Hy- 
druntum -i, n, townon the E. coast of Calabria, 
now Otranto. 

hyems, hyemalis, etc.=hiems, etc. (q.v.). 

Hylaeus -i, m. (YWos), a centaur slain by 

Atalanta. 

Hylas -ae, m. (*YAo?), son of Thiodamas, a 
beautiful youth, the, friend and companion of 
Hercules on the Argonautic expedition, carried off 
by tlie water-nymphs in Mysia. 

Hyllus -i, m. ("YAAos), son of Hercules and 
Deianira. 

Hymen -6 nis, m. {'Yfirjv), 1, the god of mar- 
riage, Ov. ; 2, the marriage song, Ov. 

hymenaeos or -vis -i, m. (u/ieVaios). I. the 
marriage-song. A. Lit., hymenaeon canere, 
Ov. ; canere hymenaeos, Verg. B. (gen. plnr.) 
meton., the wedding, Verg.; t.ransf., the pairing 
of animals, Verg. II. Hymen, the god of marriage, 
Ov. 

HymettosnndHymettU8-i,ni.('YnT/TT6s), 
a mountain in Africa, jbmn , ]9Jhr its hers and 
marble. Adj., Hymettius -a -inn., Hymettian. 

Hymnis -idis, f. ('Yftpfc), name of a cmnedy 
of Caecilius Statius. 

Hypaopa -Oruin, n. (Ta'Yjrairra), a town in 
Lydia, now Birghe or Bereki. 

Hypanis -is, m. ("Y^am), river in European 
Surrrwtia, now the Bog. 

Hypata -ae, t. {'Ynara), town in, Thessaly. 
Adj., 1, Hypataeus -a -um ; 2, Hypatensis 
•e, of or Wlonging to Hypata. 

Hyperborei -orum, m. ('Ynrp0dpeoi), the 
■ Hyperboreans, a fabulous peaph, dwelling at the 
extreme north; hence, adj., Hyperboreus 
•a -inn, lying tu Die north, northern, Verg. 

HyperideS -ae, n. (YircpeiSri<;), an Athenian 

orator, contemporary with Demosthenes, 

Hyperion -i">nis. m. ('YnrptW). 1, Hyperion, 
a Titan, father of the Sun ; 2. the Sun god him- 
self; hence, 1, Hyperionius -a -inn, of or 
hrjangiv.g to Hyperion ; 2, HyperloniS -Idis, 
f. A urora, Ov. 

Hypermnestra +»., and -e, -5s, r. ('Ywep- 
/injcTTpo), 'he youngest rg the Danaides, the only 
sne who dal nut kill her husband (I.ynccus). 



hypodidascalus -i, in. (vno&tkdo-KoXos), itH 
under-teacher, Cic. 

hypomnema -inatls, n.(yn6p.vr}ij.a), a memor- 
andum, note, ap. Cic. 

hypdtheca -ae, f. (u7ro0rj/<7j), a pledge, secur- 
ity, mortgage, Cic. 

Hypsipyle -8s, f. and Hypsipyla -ae, f. 

('Y<//i7riiA.r)), queen of I.emnos ; saved her father 
when the women of I.emnos killed all the men ; 
■received the Argonaut-:. 

Hyrcani -orum, m. CYpKavoC), the inhabit- 
ants of Hyrcania. Hence 1, adj., Hyrcanus 
-a -um, Hyrcanian ; 2, subsu, Hyrcania -ae, 
f. the land of the Hyrcani in Asia, between Media, 
Parthla, and. the Caspian Sea. 

Hyrie -es, f. ('Ypin), town and lake in Boeotia. 

Hyrieus_ -Si, m. ('Ypiev?), father of Orimi. 
Adj., Hyrleus -a -uin, proles, Orion, Ov. 

Hyrtacides -ae, m. ('YprairfSnj), the son of 

Hyrtncus, i.e. Nisus. 

Hystaspes -is, m.CYoTatrirns), father of the 
Persian king, Darius. 



I. 

Ii, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. For 
, meaning of I as an abbreviation, see Table 
of Abbreviations. 

Iacohus -i, m. ("laKxos), 1, a name of Bac- 
chus; 2, meton., wine, Verg. 

1. Ialysus -i, in. ('la-Wos), town in Bhodes, 
now Jaliso. Hence, Ialyslus -a -um, poet.= 
lihodian, Ov. 

2. Ialysus -i m., son of Sol. 

iambeus -a -um (iapf}eios), iambic, Hor. 

iambus -i, in. (iajuSo?), l,an iambus, a metri- 
cal foot (w — ), Hor. ; 2, an iambic poem, iambic 
poetry, Cic. 

ianthinus -a -um (lai-flu-os), violet-coloured, 
Plin. Sui st., ianthina -orum, n. violet-coloured 
clothes, Mart. 

iapetus -i, in. ('Iafferos), a giant, father aj 
Atlas, Epimethevs, and Prometheus ; genus lapeti, 
Prometheus, Hor. Hence, Iapetionides -ae, 
m. a son of Iapetus, i.e. Atlas, Ov. 

Iapydes -um, m. (TanoiSe?), a people in 
north-west Illyria. Hence, 1, Iapys -pfdis, 
Iapydia n ; 2, Iapydia -ae, f. Iapydia. 

Iapyx -pygis, ill. (ldirv£). I. the son of 
Daedalus, who reigned in a part of Southern 
Italy, thence called lapyg-ia. II. A. a west-north- 
u;est wind, favourable for crossing from Brun- 
dusium to Greece. B. n rirer in Apulia ; [apygis 
arva, Apulia, Ov. C. Adj., Iapygiun. Hence, 
lapygia -ae, f. (lawvyia), a district of M<(gnti 
(Iraecia, part of CalaMa, now Terra d'Otianto. 

Iarba. and jfarbas -ae, m. an African king, 
rival if Aeneas. Hence, Iarbita -ae, m.= (I 
Mauret anion, Hor. 

Jardanis -nldis, f. a daughter of Iardanus, 
i.e., Dmphali', Ov. 

IaSlUS -ii, in. ('Iao-iot), 1, an Argive king, 
father of Atalanta ; 2, a Cretan, beloved by Ceres 
(also called Iasion). Hence, 1, Iasldes -ae, in. 
( \acriSn 1 ;), a descendant of lasius; 2, Iasis 
-sidoa, f. o daughter of lasius, i.e. Atalanta. 



las 



257 



igi 



Iadon -onis, m. Claa-uv). I. son of Aeson, 
king in Tliessaly, leader of the expedition of the 
Argonauts to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. Adj., 

Iasonius -a -urn, Jasonian; carina, tlie Argo, 
Prop.; remex, the Argonauts, Ov. II. a tyrant 

of Fherae, rontem)>or/iry with Epuviinonda-i. 

laspis -fdLs, f. (lao-iris), a jasper, Verg. 

iassus (iasua) -i, f. ("laao-os), a town in 
Caria ; hence, f assenses -lum, m. the inhabit- 
ants of Iassus. 

iazjfges -urn, m. CI&£vyes), a Sarmatian 

tribe on the Danube. Sing., fazyx -zjgis, used 
as an adjective, Iazygian. 

fber ... v. Hiber . . . 

ttn, adv. (from pron. root I, whence is). L 
there, at that place, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of 
time, then, Hereupon; ibi inflt, Liv. B. in that 
thing, in that matter, Cic. 

Ibidem, adv. (ibi and demonstrat. suffix 
-dem, as in i-dem), 1, in the same place, in that 
very place ; hie ibidem, on this very place, Cic. ; 
2, moreover, Cic. (Ibidem, Juv.). ■ • 

ibis, genit. ibis and ibldis, f. (t£i«), the ibis, a 
sacred bird among the Egyptians, Cic. 

ibiscum, ibrlda = hibiscum, hibrida (q.v.). 

Ibyous -i, m. (*I0u<co«), a Greek lyric poet, 
flourishing about 540 A.C. 

Icadlus -li, m. ('IxaStot), a notorious pirate. 

icarius -ii, m. ('Uaptoj), the father of Pene- 
lope. Hence, loariotis -idis, f., and Icaris 
-idis, f. Penelope. 

IoaTUS -i, m. (*I«apos). I. the son of Daedalus, 
drowned in tlie Aegean Sea, vihilst flying from 
Crete with wings made by his father. Hence 
adj., Icarius -a -urn, Icarium mare, or absol., 
Icarium -Ii, n. the Icaria.n Sea, a part of the 
Aege/m Sea. II. the father of Erigone, changed 
into the constellation Arcturus, or Bootes. Adj., 
Icarius -a -uin, Icarian; canis, the constella- 
tion Canis Major, Ov. 

iccirco = idcirco (q.v.). 

Icelos -i, m. (i/ceAor, like), brother of Mor- 
pheus. 

Iceni -orum, m. a people in Britain. 

ichneumon -5nis, m. (ixvevnw), the ichneu- 
mon, Cic. 

Icio, or ico, Ici, ictum, 3. to strike, hit, smite, 
stab. I. A. Lit., lapide ictus, Caes. ; e caelo 
ictus, struck by lightning, Cic. B. Meton., icere 
foedns, to make a treaty, Cic. II. Transf., partic, 
ictus, affected, touched, moved, struck; conscientia 
tctus, Liv. ; desideriis icta, Hor. (pres. also ico, 
Lucr.). 

Iconlum -Ii, n. VIkoviov), toiun in Lycaonia. 

lctericus -a -um (i/crepiicds), suffering from 
jaundice, jaundiced, Juv. 

ictus -lis, m. (ico), a blow, stroke, stab, hit, 
thrust. I. Gen., a, lit., gladiatorius, Cic. ; sagit- 
tarum ictus, Liv ; lapidum, Caes. ;•; apri, Ov. ; 
pollicis, tlie striking of the lyre, Hor! ; fulminis, 
lightning-stroke, Cic; solis, a sunbeam, Hor.; b, 
transf., How ; novae calamitatis, Cic. IL Esp., 
A. the charge or assault of an enemy ; sub ictum 
dari, to be exposed to the attacks of the enemy, 
Tac. B. In music, beating time, beat, Hor. 

Ida -ae, f., and Ide -e"s, f. ("I6a, "ISr,). I. 
ft woman's name, Verg. II. A. a mountain near 
Troy. B. a mountain in Crete, where Jupiter 
was nursed. Adj., Idaeus -a -um, a, relating 
to Mount Ida in Phrygia ; parem deum, Verg., 
or mater, Cic, Cybele; naver Trojan, Hor. ; 



pastor, Cic, or judex, or hospes, Ov., Pari*; 
b, relating to Mount Ida in Crete. 

Idalie -es, f, ('ISaAirj), a surname of Venus, 
from Idalium. 

idallum -Ii, n. ('ISdAioi>), promontory and 
town in Cyprus, with a temple, of fen us. H"lice 

I, adj., Idalius -a -um, poet., belonging to 
Cyprus, Venus, Verg.; 2. snbst., Idalla -ae, f. 
(sc. terra), the neighbourliood of Idalium. 

idcirco (iccirco), adj. (id and circa)", on that 
account, for that reason; absol., Cic; followed 
by quod or quia. Cic ; by si, Cic ; by ut or ne 
and the subj., Cic ; by qui and the subj., Cic ; 
by quo facilius and subj., Caes. 

idem, 5adem, Idem (from is and suffix -dem), 
the same ; idem velle atque idem nolle, to have 
tlie same likes and dislikes, Sail. ; amicus est tam- 
quam alter idem, a second self, Cic ; sometimes 
to be translated by also; suavissimus et idem 
facillimus, Cic. ; followed by qui, atque (ac) et, 
ut, quam, quasi, cum, etc., eadein virtus, quae 
in proavo, Cic; foil, by dat., idem facit occi- 
denti, headed like, etc., Hor. ; neut. subst., idem 
juris, the same right, Cic ; eodem loci, on the 
very spot, Cic. ; with et or que = and indeed ; 
certissimi et iidem acerrimi, Cic. (abL eodem- 
que, eademque. trisyll., Verg. 

Identidem, adv. (idem -ti -dem), repeatedly, 
again and again, Cic 

ideo, adv. on that account, therefore, Cic ; fol- 
lowed by quod, quia, quoniam, by ut, or ne with 
the subj., Cic, or by quin with the subj., Liv. 

Idiota (Idiotes) -ae, m. (IoWttjs), an igno- 
rant, uncultivated man, Cic. 

Idmon -mSnis, m. ('liy.iav),father ofArachne. 
Adj., Idmonlus ra -um, Arachne, daughter oj 
Idmon, Ov. - ^ 

idomeneus -ei, m. CUoiievevs), son of Deuca- 
lion, king of Crete. 

Idonee, adv. (idoneusX My, appropriately, 
Cic. 

Idoneus -a -um, fit, appropriate. I. Act, 
fit to do something, capable, Qualified, suitable; 
constr., a, with dat., with n<\ or in and the ace, 
castris idoneum locum, Caes. ; idonei ad hoc 
negotiuin, Cic. ; idonei in earn rem, Liv. ; b, with 
infin., fons rivo dare nomen idoneus, Hor.; o, 
absol., verba minus idonea, Cic ; of persons, 
sufficient, satisfactory ; idonei auctores, Cic. ; 
with infin., idoneum visum est dieere, Sail. 

II. Pass., fit tosuffer or receive something, worthy; 
constr., a, gen-, with qui and the subj. (like 
dignus), tioi fortasse nemo fuit quern iuiitere, 
Cic. ; b, absol., minus idoneum praemio afficere, 

Ci S - 

Idume -es, f. and Idumaea -ae, f. ClSov- 
liaia), a district in Palestine, bordering on Judaea 

and Arabia Petraea. Hence, Idumaeus -a -um, 
Idumaean. 

idus -ttum, f. (root ID, VID, whence viduus 
and divido, the dividing), the Ides, the middle of 
tlie Roman month, the fifteenth day in March, 
May, July, October; the thirteenth \n the other 
months; idus Martiae, the 15th of March, Cic... 

Idyia -ae, f. Clivia), the mother of Medea. 

Igilium -Ii, n. a small island on the coast of 
Etruria, now Giglio. 

igitur, adv. (from is and suffix -tur = -tus, 
as ita from i -s and suffix -ta), then. A. Of logi- 
cal consequences, so, therefore, then, exxordingly; 
si mentiris, mentiris. Mentlris au tern ; igitur 
mentiris, Cic B. In asking questions, then? 
in quo igitur loco eRt? Cic. ; ironically, haec 
igitur est tua disciplina? Cic. C. With impera- 
tives, then, so then; fac igitur quod, etc., Cio. 



ign 



D. After digressions, parentheses, etc. to resume 
the argument, so, as I was saying ; scripsi etiam 
(nam ab oratiouibus disjungo me fere), scripsi 
igitur, Cic. E. In a climax, then. ; pro imperlo, 
proexercitu, pro provincia, etc., pro his igitur 
omnibus rebus, Cic. (Igitur stands most fre- 
quently second or third in its clause, but some- 
times first, esp. in Sallust). 

ignarus -a -urn (in and gnarus), 1, ignorant 
of, uuacqrtainied with, inexperienced in; with 
genit., faciendae orationis, Cic. ; inaiiti, un- 
married, Hor. ; with ace. and infin., uon sumus 
iguari multos studiose contra esse dicturos, 
Cic. ; with rel. sent., ignarb populo Romano 
quid ageretur, Cic. ; quid virtus valeret, Cic. ; 
multos esse dicturos, Cic; absol., Liv. ; 2, 
pass., unknown ; with dat., proles iguara par- 
enti, Ov. ; regio hostibus ignara, Sail.; absol., 
ignari montes, Verg. 

ignave and ignaviter, adv. (ignavus), 
lazily, sloth/ally, without spirit; dicere, Hor.; 
facere, Cic. 

ignavia -ae, f. (ignavus), idleness, laziness, 
listless ness, sloth, cowardice; contraria fortitu- 
dini ignavia, Cic 
■ ignaviter = ignave (q.v.). 

ignavus -a -urn (in and gnavus). I. idle, 
slothful, listless, inactive (opp. strenuus). A. 
Lit., a, homo, senectus, Cic. ; with genit., 
legiones operum et laboris ignavae, Tac. ; With 
ad and- the ace, ignavissimus ad opera ac 
muniendum hostis, Liv.; b, cowardly; miles, 
Cic; hostis, Liv.; subst, ignavus -i, m. a 
coward, poltroon, Sail.; plur., Cic. B. Transf., 
of inanimate objects, inert, sluggish ; nemus, 
unfruitful, Verg.; lux, « day in which one is 
toy, an idle day, Jnv.'; gravitas, immovable, 
Verg. II. Act.,* causing sloth and idleness; 
frigus, Ov.; genus interrogationis, Cic. 

ignesco, 3. (ignis). A. to kindle, arfcli fire, 
Cic. B. Transf., to burn, glow with passion; 
Rutulo ignescunt irae, Verg. 

igncus -a -urn (ignis), fiery,' burning, glowing 
with heat. I. Lit, a, sidcra, Cic; sol, Cic; 
b, glowing like flame ; astra, Verg. II. Transf., 
A. Of colours, flaming, glowing, Plin. B. Fig., 
glowing with passion, love, anger, etc.; furor, 
Ov. ; vigor, Verg. ; Tarchon, Verg. 

ignioiilUS -i. in. (dim. of ignis), a little fire, 
little flame, s)Xirk, A. Lit, Plin. B. Transf., 
a, ardour; desiderii, Cic; b, a tpark, begin- 
ning; virtutum, Cic. ; desiderii tui, the ardour, 
glow, Cic ; ingenii, sparks of talent, Quint. 

ignifer -fera -f6rum (ignis and fero),: fire- 
bearing, fiery ; aether, Lucr. ; axis, Ov. 

ignigena -ae, m. (ignis and geno = gigno), 
torn of fire, epithet of Bacchus, Ov. 

ignipes -pSdis (ignis and pes), fiery-footed '; 
equi, Ov. 

ignipotens -entis (ignis and potens), mighty 
in fire, ruler of fire, epithet of Vulcan, Verg. 

ignis -is, m.fire. I. Lit, A. 1, gen., ignem 
concipere, comprehendere, to udch fire, Cic; 
accendere, Verg. ; ignem ab igne capere, (o kindle, 
Cic ; oporibns ignem inferre, Caes. ; aliqnem 
igni cremare, necare, interficere, Caes. ; 2, esp., 
a, (jonfiagration; pluribus simnl locis, et iis 
diversis, ignes coorti sunt, Liv.; b,a watch-fire; 
jgnibus exstinctis, Liv.; c, a fire-brand; ignibua 
armata ingens multitude, Liv. ; d, the fames of 
flie funeral pile; ignes supremi, Ov. ; e, light- 
ning; ignis ooruscus, Hor. ; f, light of the stars ; 
ignes enrvati lunae, Hor. B. a, glow, he^it ; 
solis, Ov. ; b, glitter, fire, of the eyes, Cic ; c, 
redness; sacer ignis, St. Anthony's fire, Verg. 
IL Transf., 1, nuic ordini novum ignem sub- 



258 ill 

jeci, ground for hatred, Cic. ; 2, 3/010 of the jxis- 
sions of love or anger, and metou., for the person 
beloved, mens ignis, Verg. 

ignobilis -e (in and gnobilis = nobilis), 1, 
unknown, obscure, inglorious ; ci vitas," Cafes.; 2, 
of low birth, of mean extraction, ignoble; familia, 
Cic. ; vulgus, Verg. 

ignobllitas -atis, f. (ignobilis), 1, inglorious- 
ness, obscurity, Cic; 2, mean birth ; generis, Cic. 

igr.ominia -ae, f. (in and gnomen = nomen), 
the deprivation of one's good name, disgrace, dis- 
honour, ignominy; ignominiam ncciperc, Cic; 
alicni injungere, inferre, Liv. ; inurere, Cic. , 
ignominia aliquem atticere, Cic. ; ignominifi 
notare, Cic. ; ignominiam habere, Cic. ; per Bg- 
nominiam, Cic; witli Bubj. genit, senatus, in- 
flicted by the senate, Cic. 

ignominiosus -a -urn (ignominia), full of 
disgrace, ignominious, disgraceful; dominatio, 
Cic. ; fuga, Liv. 

ignorabilis -e (ignoro), unknown, Cic. 

ignorans -antis(partic. of ignoro), ignorant, 
Caes. 

ignorantia -ae, f. (ignoro), want of knou-- 
ledge, ignorance ; loci, Caes. ; absol., Cic 

ignoratio -onis, f. (ignoro), want of know- 
ledge, ignorance; locorum, Cic; sui, Cic; abse!.. 
Cic. 

ignoratus -a -um (partic. of ignoro), un- 
known ; ignoratum a Syracusanis sepulcrum,Cic, 

ignoro, l. (ignarus), to be without knowledge, 
ignorant of, not to know ; a, with ace, eausam, 
Cic. ; alicuius faciem, Sail. ; aliquem, Cic. ; b, 
with infm., Cic. ; c, with ace. and infin., Cic. ; 
d, with rel. sent, quum id quam vere sit ig- 
nores, Cic. ; e, with de and the abl., Cic. ; f, 
absol., Cic. 

ignoscens -entis, (p. adj. of ignosco), for- 
giving, placable, Ter. 

ignosco -novi -notum, 3. (in and gnosco = 
nosco, not to take notice of), to overlook, forgive, 
pardon ; witli dat, haesitationi meae, Cic; mat 
ut sibi ignosceret, Caes. ; with neut ace, hoc, 
Cic. ; with si or quod, that, Cic 

1. ignotUS -a -um, partic of ignosco. 

2. ignotUS -a -um (in and gimtus = notus). 

1. 1, unknown,; with dat., plurimis ienotissfini 
gentibus. Cic; jus obsenrnm et ignotuin, Cic; 
subst., ignotus -i, m. 011 unknown person, 
Cic; 2, ignoble, obscure (opp. generosus); mater, 
Hor. ; hie ignotissimns Phryx, Cic II. Act, 
ignorant, Cic. 

Iguvium -ii, n. a town in Umbria, now Cub- 
bio or Evgubin. Hence, 1, Iguvini -orum, in. 
and 2, Iguvlnates -Ium, m. the inhabitants 
of Iguvium. 

Ilerda -ae, f. town in Hispania Tarra- 
conensis. 

Ilergaones -um, m. and Illurgavon- 
enscs -ium, in. a people in the east of Hispania 
Tarraconensis. 

Ilergetes -um, m. a people in Hispania Tar- 
roconeiiFis. 

ilex -icis, f. the holm-oak, Verg. 

1. ilia -ium, 11. 1, the part of the body between 
the Tibs and thighs, the flank; sufTodere.ilia equis, 
Liv. ; ima longo ilia singnltu tendere, Verg. ; 
dncere, to draw the flanks together, to become 
broken-winded, Hor. ; rumpcre, to burst, Verg. ; 

2, the intestines of animals, Hor. 

2. Ilia -ae, f. v. Ilion. 
Iliacus, v. Ilion. 
ilicet (= ire .licet). I. A. Lit., let us go, 

you may go, a form of dismissal anciently used 



ili 



250 



ill 



at the close of a meeting, Ter. B. Transf., it is 
all over, all is lost, Plant., Ter. II. immediately, 
forthwith, straightway, Verg. 

ilicetum -i, n. (ilex), an ilex-grove, Mart. 

llico = illico. 

IHensiS, v. llion. 

llignus -a -um (ilex), lehmging to the ilex; 
glans, Hor. 

Ilion or Ilium -li, n. flMov) and Ilios -li, 
f. (*IXios), Troy; hence, 1, adj., Ilius -a -uui, 
Trojan; subst., a, illi -drum, m. tlie Trojans; 
b, Ilia -a e, f. the Trojan vjoman =. Rhea Sylvia, 
■mother of Romulus and Remus, Verg., and 
hence, iliades -ae, m. the descendant of Ilia — 
Romulus or Remus, Ov. ; 2, Iliacus -a rum, 
Trojan; carmen, on the Trojan war, Hor. ; 3, 
ilienses -ium, m. the inhabitants of Ilium; 
4, iliades -ae, m. Ganymede, Ov. ; 5. Ilias 
-ildis, f. a, ft Trojan woman, Verg.; b, the Iliad 
of Homer, Cic 

iliona -ae, f. and Ilione -es, f. 1, the eldest 
daughter of king Priam, wife of Polymnestor, king 
in Thrace ; 2, = HeexCba, Cic; Ilionam cdormit, 
the part of Hecuba, Ilor. 

Illthyia -ae, f. (EiAeifluia), the goddess who 
aided women in child-birth. 

Iliturgi (Illiturgi) -6mm, m. a place in 
Hispa n ia Baetica. Hence, Iliturgitam -oruin, 
m. the inhabitants of Iliturgi. 

ilia (ille), adv. 1 (abl. of ille, sc. parte), at 
tliat place, Plant., Tac. ; 2 (dat. illai, sc. parti), 
to that place, Ov. 

illahcfactus -a -urn (in and labefacio), un- 
shaken, firm, Ov. 

illabor -lapsus, 3. dep. (in and labor), to fall, 
glide, fall into, fall doivn; 1, lit., si fractus 
illabatur orbis, Hor.; in stomacho illabuntur 
ea quae aceepta sunt ore, Cic; 2, transf., per- 
nicies illapsa civium in animos, Cic. 

illaboro, 1. (in and laboro), to work upon, 
labour at; domibus, in building houses, Tac 

iliac, adv. (illic). I. (lit. abl.), there, at this 
place; liac atque iliac, hac iliac, Ter.- II. (lit. 
dat), to that place; transf., iliac facere,. to. stand 
on that side, belong to that party, Cic 

ill&cessitus -a -urn (in and lacesso), un- 
attacked, unprovoked, Tac. 

illacrimabilis -c (in and lacriinabilis), 1, 
unwept; omnes illacrimabiles urgentur, Hor.; 
2, not to be moved by tears, pitiless ; Pluto, Hor. 

illacrimo, 1. (in and lacrimo), to weep, 
bewail; with dat., errori, Li v. ; absol., ebur 
maestum illacvhnat templis,Verg. • 

illacrlmor, 1. dep. (in and lacrimor), to 
,weep over, bewail; morti, Cic. 

illacsus -a -um (in and laedo), unhurt, un- 
insured, Ov. 

illaetabilis -e (in and laetabilis), sorrowful, 
gloomy, cheerless; ora, Verg. 

illaqueo (in and laqneo), to entrap, ensnare, 
■ entangle; tig., illaqueatus omnium legum pcric- 
ulis, Cic 

illaudatus -a -um (in and laudatus), im- 
praised, obscure; Busiris, Verg. 

illautus = illotus (q.v.). 

ille, ilia, illud, genit. illins, demonstr. pron. 
(perhaps for is-le, from is), that; a, istu beat'itas 
cur aut in solem ilium ant in hum- mundtim 
cadere non potest, Cic. ; of time, qui illoruni 
temporum historian) reliqurrunt, Cic; b, that 
glorious or notorious; ille Kpaminondas, Cic; 



ilia Medea, Cic; hie ille, this glorious, etc. ;■ hie 
nunc ille annus ogregius, Cic; c, ille quidem, 
he indeed, Cic. ; non ille . . , sed hie, Cic ; d? 
referring to and preparing for what' cornea after, 
illud perlibenter andivi te esse,, etc., Cic. ; e, 
hie et (atque) ille,"i/ie one and the other, Hor.; 
ille aut (vel) ille, this or that, Cic. ultJ 

illecebra -ae, f. (illicio), 1, an allurement, 
enticement, attraction,. charm; voluptas est illec- 
ebra turpitudinis, Cic. ; 2, meton., anenticer, 
a decoy-bird, Plant. 

1. illectus -a -um (in and lectus, from lego), 
unread, Ov. 

2. illectus -ils (illicio), m. seduction, allure- 
ment, Plaut. 

3. illectus -a -um, partic. of illicio. 
illepide, adv.- (illepidus), ungracefully,: in- 
elegantly, Plaut. 

illepidus -a -um (in and lepidus), ungrace- 
ful, inelegant, rude, unmannerly ; parens avarus, 
illepidus, in liberos difflcilis, Cic. 

1. illex -llcis (illicio), alluring; subst., f.- o 
decoy-bird, Plaut. 

2. illex -legis (in and lex), lawless, Plaut. ' " 
illibatus -a -um (in and'libo), undiminished, 

uncurtailed, unimpaired /'divitiae, Cic, 

-illiberalis -e (in and liberalis), 1, unworthy 
of a free man, ignoble; te in me illiberalem put- 
abit, Cic; 2, transf., low, mean; quaestus. 
Cic. ; genjis jocandi, Cic. 

illiberalitas -atis, f. (illiberalis), iliiberality, 
stinginess, meanness ; illiberalitatis avaritjaeque 
suspicio, Cic. 

illiberalitSr (illiberalis), 1, ignobly, meanly ; 
patris diligentia non illiberaliter institutus, Cic. ; 
2, in a sordid, niggardly manner ; facere, Cic. 

1. illio, illaec, illflc, pron. demonstr. (ille -ce), 
that there; in Interrogative sentences',. illiccine, 
Plant. ; illanccine, Ter., .'.'"'" 

2. illio, adv. (1. illic), . 1, there, .at tliat place, 
Caes.; 2, transf., a, on .that side, Tac; b, in 
that case, Liv. . -»ti 

illicio -lexi -leetum, 3. (in and *lacio), to 
entice, seduce, allure, decoy, inveigle; coniugem 
in stuprum, Cic; aliqnem ad bellum,' Sail. ; 
with ut and the subj., Liv. ._ 

illioitator -Oris, m; a sham bidder at an 
auction, a puffer, Cic. ' ." 

illicitus -a -um (in and llcitus), not alloived, 
illicit, illegal ; exactiones, Tac. ' 

illico (ilico), adv. (in loco), 1, on the spot, 
in that very place, Ter. ; 2, transf., on the spot, 
immediately, Cic. 

illido -lisi dlsum, 3. (in and laedo), ' 1,' to 
strike, knock, beat, dash against; lateri algam, 
Verg. ; saxeam pilam vadis, Verg.; illldere 
dentem, Hor. ; 2, to shatter, crush, dash to 
pieces; serpens fllisa morietur, Cic." 

illi go, 1. (in and llgo), tobind, tie, fasting I. 

A. aratra juvencis, Hoi-. ; Mettium in currus, 
Liv. B. Transf., to bind, to connect with oneself, 
bind to oneself; aliquem pignoribus, Cic. IL. A. 
to fasten, attach; a, lit., crustas in aureis pocu- 
lis, Cic. ; b, transf., sententiam verbis, Cic. 

B. to entangle, impede ; a, lit., illigatur praeda, 
Tac. ; b, transf., angustis et concisis disputa- 
tionibus illigati, Cic ,- . 

illim, adv. = illiiie, from there, from, that 
place, Cic. • ■■"' J .• i r ' - 

illimis -e (la and Umnsrffree.^ from mud, 
clear; funs, Ov. 

illinc, adv. (illim -ce). I. from that place, 
fngit illinc, Cic II. Transf., from, that side, 
from that person, thence, Cic - < ■ < 



ill 



•iliO 



nub 



illino -levi -Htum, 3. (in and lino), to smear, 
daub, spread over ; 1, aumm vestibus illitum, 
Hor. ; quodcumque semel chartis illeverit, has 
written, scribbled, Hor. ; 2, to cover with; pocula 
ceris, Ov.; fig., color venustatis non fuco lllitus, 
Cie. 

ilHquefactus -a -urn (in and liquefacio), 
molten, liquefied, Cic. 

illiteratus -a -um (in and literatus), un- 
learned, ignorant, illiterate; a, of persons, vir 
non illiteratus, Cic. ; b, of things, multa . . . 
nee illiterata videantur, Cic. 

1116, adv. (orig. illoi, dat. of ille), 1, to that 
place, thither, Cic. ; 2, transf., to that matter or 
thing; haec omnia eodem illo pertinere, Caes. 

illoc, adv. (l. illic), thither, Ter. 

iliotua (illautus, illutus) -a -um (in 
and lotus, or lautus, from lavo), 1, unwashed, 
unclean, impure, Hor. ; 2, not washed off; sudor, 
Verg. 

illuc, adv. (ille). I. Of 9pace, thither, to that 
place. A. Lit., hue atque illuc, Cic. B. Transf., 
to that matter, or person ; ut illuc revertar, Cic. 
II. Of time, up to tliat time, Tac. 

Ulucesco (illuoiaco) -luxi, 3. (in and 
lncesco or lucisco). I. to become light, begin to 
shine. A. Lit., qnum tertio die sol illuxisset, 
Cic. ; illucescet aliquando ille dies, Cic. B. 
Transf., to shmu oneself, appear; qnum in tene- 
bris vox consulis illuxerit, Cic. II. Impers., 
illucescit, it grows light, is daylight; ubi illuxit, 
Liv. 

llludo -liisi -lusum, 3. (in and ludo). I. to 
play with, sport with ; chartis, to play with paper, 
i.e. amuse oneself with writing, Hor. II. In a bad 
sense, 1, to mock at, laugh at, make a mock of; 
a, with dat.. capto, Verg. ; aliculus dignitati, 
Cic. ; rebus hummus, Hor. ; b, with the ace, 
miseros illudi nolnnt, Cic. j earn artem, Cic. ; 
absol.j illudens, ironically, in ridicule, Cic. ; 2, 
to deceive ; Cretenses ornnes, Nep. ; illusi pedes, 
staggering, Hor.; 3, to destroy, ruin, disgrace; 
cui (frondi) silvestres uri illudunt, Verg. 

Illuminate, adv. (illumino), luminously, 
clearly; dicere, Cic. 

Wunrfno, 1. (in and lumino). A. to make 
light, enlighten, illuminate, Cic; luna illuminata 
a sole, Ctc. B. Of discourse, to make, clear, set 
off, adorn ; orationem sententiis, Cic. 

illusio -5nis, f. (illndo), irony, as a rhetor- 
ical figure, Cic. 

illustris -e (in and lustro), light, full of 
light, bright, brilliant. A. Lit., stella ; lumen; 
locus, Cic. B. Transf., a, clear, plain, evident; 
oratio, res, Cic. ; b, distinguished, celebrated, 
illustrious, famous, renowned ; illustriori loco 
natus, Caes. ; nomen illastrius, Cic. ; c, remark- 
able ; res illustrior, Caes. 

illustrius, adv. compar. and illustrls- 
eime. adv. snpwL (illustris), more clearly, more 
distinctly ; dicere, Cic. 

illustro, 1. (illustris), to enlighten, make 
light, I. Lit., sol cuncta sua luce iliustrat, Cic. 
II. Transf., 1, to bring to light, make known ; 
coneilla, Cic. ; 2, to explain, illustrate, elucidate; 
jus obscurum, Cic. ; 3, to adorn ; a, of speech, 
orationem sententiis, Cic. ; b. to make illus- 
trious, celebrate, do honour to ; niiquem laudibus 
Cic. ; aliquid Musfi, Hor. 

llluvlc* -51, f. (Uluo), a, an inundation, 
flood, Tac. ; b, dirt, mud; raorbo llluvieque 
peresns, Verg. 

Illyrii ••".ruin, ni. a people, on the Adriatic Sea, 
in the modern Duhnatia and Albania. Hence 
1, adj., IHJtIub -a -vir, Illyrian; 2, subst, 



IUyria -ae, f. lllyria ; 3, Illyricus a -iilh, 
Illyrian; subst., Illyricum -i, n. lllyria: 4, 
Iliyrts -idis, f. Illyrian ; subst., lllyria, Ov. 

Ilotae -arum = Hilotae (q.v.). 

Ilus -i, m, ('iAos), 1, son of Tros, father of 
Laomedon, builder of Troy ; 2, = lulus. 

Ilva -ae, f. an island to the west of Etrurla, 
now Rlha. 

Imftchara -ae, f. town mi the east of Sicily, 
now Maccara. Adj., Imacharensis -e, be- 
longing to Imachara. 
' lm = earn. 

Imnginarius -a -um (imago), imaginary; 
fasces, Liv. 

imaginatio -onis, f. (imaginor), imagina- 
tion, fancy; provincias Orientis secretis imagin 
atiouibus agitare, Tac. 

imaginor, 1. dep. (imago), to imagine, con- 
ceive, picture, to oneself; pavorein, Tac. 

Imago -Inis, f. (root IM, whence also imitor 
and sim -ilis). I. Objective, A. Lit., 1, a, gen., 
an image, representation, portrait, figure, bust, 
statue ; ticta, a statue, Cic. ; picta, painted bust, 
Cic. ; a portrait engraved on a seal-ring ; est 
signum notum, imago avi tni, Cic. ; b, esp., 
imagines (majorum), waxen figures, portraits of 
ancestors who had held curule offices, placed in 
the atria of Roman houses, and carried in funeral 
processions, Cic; 2, a likeness, counterfeit; 
imago animi et corporis tui, filius tuns, Cic. ; 
imago animi vultus est, Cic. ; 3, a, the sha/le or 
ghost of a dead man; imagines mortuorum, Cic. ; 
b, a dream ; somni, noctis, a dream, Ov. ; c, in 
the Epicurean philosophy, the mental idea or 
representation of a real object, Cic. ; 4, an echo; 
laus bonorum virtuti resonat tamquam imago, 
Cic. ; 5, in discourse, a metaphor, simile, image ; 
hac ego si compellor imagine, Hor. B. Transf., 
the abearance, pretence; pacis, Tac. ; decoris, 
Liv. ; iniaginem reipnblicae nullam reliquerunt, 
they left no shadow or trace, of the republic, Cic. 
II. Subjective, 1, the appearance, imago veni- 
entis Turni, Verg. ; 2, the image, idea, concep- 
tion, mental representation of any object or event ; 
tantae caedis, Ov. ; tantae pietatis, Verg. 

imbeolllis, v. iml>ecillus. 

imbeoilUtas -atis, f. (imbecillus), weakness, 
imbecility, feebleness. A. Lit., corporis, Cic 
B. Transf., consilii, Cic. ; animi, Caes. 

ImbeollllUS, adv. compar. (imbecillus), some- 
what weakly, feebly ; assentiri, Cic 

imbecillus -a -um, weak, feeble. A. Lit., 
filius, Cic. ; imbecillior valetudine, Cic. B. 
Transf., a, regimm, Sail.; b, of the mind, weak, 
without energy ; animus, Cic ; accusator, Cic. 

imbellis -e (in and bellum). I. nnwarlike ; 
1 multitudo, Liv. ; telum, feeble, Verg. ; dii, 
I enus and Cupid, Ov. ; 2, cowardly ; res, 
cowardly behaviour, Cic. II. without war, putre- 
ful, quiet ; annus, Liv. 

imber -bris, m. (<V0pos), a shower or storm 
of rain, pelting rain (pluvia, gentle, fertilising 
rain). I. Lit., magnus, maximus, Cic. ; so also 
lactis, sanguinis, lapidum, Cic II. Transf., A. 
a storm jinin-cloud ; super caput asttt.it imber, 
Verg. B. water or any fluid ; fiuminis imber, 
Ov. ; tortus, hail, Verg. C. Of a shower of 
missiles, ferreus ingruit imber, Verg. 

lmberbls -e and imberbus -a -um (in and 
harba), beardless, Cic 

imbibo -blbi, 3. (in and bibo), 1, to drink 
In, conceive; de vobis nialnm oplnionem animo, 
Cic. ; 2, to resolve, to determine upon any thing ; 
inctuor eiua quod initio consulatus imbiberat, 
Liv. 



inib 



261 



imm 



-onis, f. (imitor), an imitation; 
in. (imitor), on imitator; 



imbrex -Icis, c. (iiuber), a hollow tile (to 
keep the rain off), used in roofing, Verg. 

imbrifer -f6ra -feruiu (imber and fero), rain- 
bringing; ver, Verg. ; auster, Ov. 

Imbroa and Imbrus -i, f. ("I/n^pot), ait, 
island in the Aegean Sea, near to Lemiws, now 
Embro. Hence adj., Imbrius -a -urn, Imbrian. 

imbuo -ui -utum, 3. (in and root BU, con- 
nected with BI in bibo), to moisten, vet, steep, 
saturate. I. Lit, vestein sanguine, Ov. ; im- 
buti sanguine gladii, Cic. II. Transf., A. to 
fill, stain, taint; imbutus macula sceleris, Cic. ; 
imbutus superstitione, Cic. B. to accustom, 
inure, initiate, insti~uct ; pectora religione, Cic. ; 
imbutus cognitionibus verborum, Cic. ; with 
ad and the ace, ad quam legem non instituti 
sed inibuti sumus, Cic. C. Poet, to begin,viake 
an essay of; imbue opus tuum, Ov. 
t lmltabllis -C (imitor), that can lie imitated, 
imitable; oiationis subtilitas, Cic. 

imitamen -inis, n. (imitor), an imitation, 
representation ; image, Ov. • *■< 

imitamentum -i, n. (imitor), ait imitating, 
imitation; lacriinae vel dolorum imitamenta, 
Tac. 

lmitatio 
viitutis, Cic. 

Imitator -Oris, 
principum, Cic. 

imitatrlx -icis, f. imitator), she that imi- 
tates; imitatrix boni, voluptas, Cic. 

Imitor, 1. dep. (root IM, whence also imago). 
I. to imitate, copy. A. Lit., aiuictum alicuius 
ant statum aut motum, Cic. ; praeclarum fac- 
tum, Cic; of things, to be like, to resemble; 
humor potest imitari sudorem, Cic. B. Transf., 
poet., to replace, or supply by something similar ; 
pocula vitea acidis sorbis, Verg. II. to repre- 
sent, depict, express; aliquid penicillo, Cic; 
capillos aere, Hor. 

lmmadesco -madui, 3. (in and madesco), to 
become moist or wet; lacrimis immaduisse genas, 

° v - 

immane, adv. (immanis), frightfully, dread- 
fully, savagely ; leo immane hians, Verg. 

immanis -e (in and root MA, whence also 
luanus ( — bonus), Manes, etc.). I. enormous, 
■cast, immense, monstrous ; corporuin magnitudo, 
Caes.; ingens immanisque praeda, Cic; antrum, 
Verg. ; immane quantum discrepat, differs to an 
enormous extent, Hor. II. Transf., frightful, 
savage, horrible, inhuman, fierce; hosts gens, 
Cic. ; belua, Cic ; fiuinen, Verg. 

immanitas -Stis, f. (immanis), savageness, 
fierceness, inhumanity, cruelty, barbarity, fright- 
fulness; vitiorum, facinoris, Cic; meton., in 
hac tanta immanitate versari, in the midst of 
these inhuman perso)is, Cic. 

Immansuetus -a -urn (in and mansuetus), 
untamed, unrestrained, wild ; gens, Cic. 

immaturitas -Stis, f. (immaturus), im- 
maturity, hence = untimely haste, Cic. 

immaturus -a -um (in -matuius), 1, lit, 
unripe, immature, Plin. ; 2, transf., untimely ; 
mors, Cic. ; interitus C. Gracchi, Cic. ; si tilius 
immaturus obiisset, Hor. 

immedlcabllis -e(in and medicabius), that 
cannot be healed ; vulnus, Ov. ; tehuii, the wound 
from wliich cannot be heeded, Verg. 

immemor -minis (in and lnemor), unmind- 
ful, forgetful ; with genit, mandati, Cic; nee 
Roinanarum rerum immemor, familiar with. 
Roman history, Cic. ; libertatis, Liv. ; poet, 
equus immemor herbae, paying nq heed to, Verg.; 
afcso}., jngenium, Cic. 



immemorabllis -e (in and memorabilia), 
1, indescribable ; spatium, Luur. ; versus, tw- 
worthy of representation, Plaut ; 2, silent, un- 
communicative, Plant. 

immemoratus -a -uin (in and memoro), 
not mentioned, not narrated. Plur. subst, im- 
memorata -Orum, n. new things, things not 
yet related, Hor. 

immensltas -atis, f. (inimensus), immea- 
surableness, immensity ; latitudinum, altitudin- 
um, Cic. 

inimensus -a -um (in and metier), im- 
measurable, immense, vast, boundless ; magni- 
tude regionum, Cic. ; mare, Cic. Subst., fin- 
mensum -i, n. immeJise size, immeasurable 
space, immensity; altitudinis, immaisurable 
depth, Liv.; in immeiisuni, to an immense height, 
Sail.; ad immensum, to avast extent; augere, 
Liv. ; immensum est dicere, it is an endless 
task to tell. Ov. ; adv., immensum, enormously ; 
crescere, Ov. 

immorens -entis (in and inereo), not de- 
serving, innocent, Ov. 

immergo -mersi -niersum, 3. (in and merge), 
1, lit, to dip into, plunge into, immerse; manu-s 
in aquam, Plin. ; aliquem unda, Verg. ; ini- 
mersus in rluinen, Cic. ; 2, transf., immergere 
se in consuetudiuem alicuius, to insinuate one- 
self into, Cic. 

inimerito, v. immeritus. 

immeritus -a -um (in and inereo), 1, act., 
not deserving or meriting, innocent ; gens, Verg. ; 
niori, that has not deserved to die, Hor.; 2, pass., 
undeserved, unmerited ; laudes haud inimeritae, 
Liv. immerito, adv. undeservedly, Cic. 

immersabilis -e (In and merso), that can- 
not be sunk ; adversis rerum immersabilis undis, 
not to be overwhelmed by, Hor. 

immetatus -a -um (in and meto), un- 
measured ; jugera, Hor. 

immigro, 1. (in and migro). A. Lit, to re- 
move into; in domum et in paternos hortes, 
Cic. B. Transf., ut ea (translata) verba non 
irruisse in alienum locum, sed irumigrasse in 
suum diceres, to have fallen naturally into their 
place, Cic. 

immineo, 2. (in and mineo), to hang, bend, 
incline over, project over, overliang. I. Lit., 
quercus ingens arbor praetorio imminebat, Liv.; 
populus antro iinminet, Verg. ; oollis urbi im- 
minet, Verg. ; career imminens foro, Liv. ; luna 
inuninente, by the light of the moon, Hor. II. 
Transf., A. a, of avils, to hang over threaten- 
ingly, be imminent, threaten; mors quae quot- 
idie iinminet, Cic. ; imminentlum nescius, ig- 
norant of the immediate future, Tac. ; b, to be 
near with hostile intent, threaten ; castra Romana 
Carthaginis portisimmineant, Liv.; videt hostes 
imniinere, Caes. ; gestus imminens, threatening 
demeanour, Cic. B. a, to threaten, to be on tlie 
point of attacking; imminent duo reges toti 
Asiae, Cic. ; b, to be on the watch for, to look 
out for ; in victoriam, Liv.; ad caedeni^ Cic. 

immlnuo -fti -utum, 3. (iu and niinuo), to 
lessen, diminish. I. Gen., A. Lit, copias, Cic; 
verbuin iinminutum, abbrevicUed,Cio. B. Transf., 
to lessen, curtail; iinminuitur aliquid de volup- 
tate, Cic. II. A, toweaken; corpus otlo, auimum 
libidinibus, Tac. B. Transf., to weaken, destroy, 
injure; majestatem, Liv.; auctoritatem, Cic. . 

iniminutlo -onis,, f. (imminuo), a lessening, 
diminishing, weakening ; \, corporis, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., a, dignitatis, Cic, ) b, a r'»et. figure =p 
Aitottjs (e.g., non mining for iuaxim«), Cic. 

immigceo -niisciii -mixtam or Tmisturn, 3- 
(iu and misceq), io mix fn, mfngie with, infer' 



1111111 



Z(W 



1111 ill 



mix. I, Lit., a, of things, nives caelo prope 
iinmixtee, Liv. ; poet., imniiscent maims man- 
ibus, they fight hand to hand, Verg. ; b, of per> 
sons, togati immisti turbae rafiitum, Liv. ; so 
medlia armis, Verg. II. Transf., to join, with, 
■unite together ; a, of things, vote timori, Verg. ; 
sorteni regnl cum rebus Romanis, Liv. ; b, of 
persons, se colloquiis niontanorum, Liv. 

immlsSrabllis -e (in and miserabilis), un- 
lamented, nnpitied, Hor. 

immiserlcors -cordis (in and misericors), 
unmercifid, Cic. 

immisslo -finis, f. (iminitto), a letting grow; 
sarmentorum, Cic. 

Immltis -e (in and niitls), sour, harsh. I. 
Lit.,uva, Hor. II. Transf., rough, harsh, cruel, 
wild, pitiless, inexorable, stem ; tyrannus, Verg.; 
hnmites oculi, Ov.; lupus innnitis, Ov. ; ara, on 
which human sacrifices vxre offered, Ov. 

immitto -misi -missum, 3. (in and mitt<~>). 
I. to send in, cause or allow to go in. A. Lit., 
1, servos ad spoliandum fanum, Cic. ; corpus in 
undam, Ov.; naves pice completes in classem 
Pompeianam, let loose against, Caes. ; 2, esp., a, 
milit. 1. 1., to despatch, let go; equitatum, Caes.; se 
in hostes, toatiack, Cic; b, to discharge, shoot; 
tela in aliquem, Caes.; c, to sink into," let into; 
tigna machinationibus in fiunien, Caes. ; d, to 
conduct, convey; aquam canalibus, Caes.; e, to 
engraft; feraces plantes, Verg.; f, to work in; 
lentum Ji lis aurum, Ov. ; g, legal t. t., to put 
into , possession of property; tu praetor in mea 
bona quos voles immittes? Cie. B. Transf., 1, 
hie corrector in eo ipso loco, quo re prebend it, 
immittit imprudens ipse senarium, lets slip in, 
Cic; 2, esp., a, to send, incite; immissus in 
rempublicam, Cic; b, to cause ; Teucris fugam 
atrumque timorem, ^erg. II. A. to let free; 
jilga, Verg. ; frena, Verg. ; habenas classi, to 
crowd on sail, Verg. B. to let grow; palrnes 
laxis immissus habenis, Verg. ; capilli, Ov. 

immissus -a -um Ximmitto), long, uncut; 
barba, Verg. 

immixtus or immistus, v. immisceo. 

immo (imo), adv. (for ipsimo), yea, yes, or 
nay rather; often with etiam, vero, enimvero, 
magis, potius,etc; vivit! immo in senatum venit, 
nay more, he comes into the senate, Cic. ; causa 
non bona est? immo optima, yea, the very best, 
Cic; fainiliarem? Immo alieiiissimum, nay, but 
rather, Cic; non necesse esse? immo prorsus 
ita censeo, nay, on the contrary, Cic 

immobilis -e (in and mobilis), 1, immov- 
able; terra, Cic; 2, transf., precibus, inexor- 
able, Tac; Ausonia, not agitated by war, Verg. 

, immoderate, adv. (immoderatus), 1, with- 
out rule or measure ; mover! immoderate et 
fortuito, Cic; 2, immoderately, intemperately; 
vivere, Cic. 

imm5deratio -onis, f. (immoderatus), 
want of moderation, excess, intemperance ; efl'erri 
immoderatione verborum, Cic. 

immoderatus -a -um (in and moderatus), 
1, without, measure, immeasurable, endless; 
cursus, Cic. ; 2, transf., immoderate, intemperate, 
unbridled, unrestrained; libertas, Cic. ; oratio, 
Cic. 

lmmodeste; adv. (iinmodestus), immode- 
rately, unbecomingly; immodice inimodesteque 
gloriari Hannibalo victo a se, Liv. 

lmmddestia -ae, f. (immodestus), 1, in- 
temperate conduct; publicanoruin, Tac; 2, in- 

subordination ; militum vestrorum, Nep. 

immodestus -a -um (in and inodestus), in- 
temperate , unbridled ; genus Jocandi, Cic, 



immodice, adv. (immodicus), immoderately, 
intemperately; hac potestate inrfhodice ac 
superbe usnm esse, Liv. 

immodicus -a -um (in and modicus), im- 
moderate, excessive ; 1, lit., frigus, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
unrestrained, unbridled ; a, of persons, with in 
and the abl., in augendo mune.ro, Liv.; with 
abl., immodicus linguii, Liv.; with' genii., 
laetitiae, Tac. ; b, of things, imperia, Liv. ; 
cupido, Liv. 

immodiilatus -a -um (in and modulatiis), 
inharmonious, Hor. 

immoenis, v. immunis. 

immolatio -onis, f. (immolo), a sacrificing, 
immolation ; in ipso immolationis tempore, Cic. 

immolator -Oris, m. (immolo), a sacrificer, 
Cic. 

immolitus -a -um (in and molior), built up, 
erected ; quae in loea publiea inacdillcata im- 
molitave privati habebant, Liv. 

immolo, 1. (in and molo), orig., to sprinkle 
with sacred meal ; hence, to sacrifice, immolate. 
A. Lit., bovem Dianae, vitnluni Musis, Cic. ; 
with abl. nf the victim, Jovi singulis bubus, 
Liv. ; absol., in Capitolio, Liv. B. Transf., to 
devote to death, slay ; aliquem, Verg. 

immo n or -mortuus, 3. ilep. (in and morior), 
to die in or upon ; sorori, mi his sister's body, 
Ov.; Euxinis aquis, Ov. ; transf., studiis, to work 
oneself to death over, Hor. 

immoror, 1. (in and inoror), tc stay, remain, 
linger in a place, l'lin. 

immorsus -a -um (in and mordeo). I. 
bitten into, bitten ; iuiiuorso collo, Pi - op, II. 
Transf., macerated (by sharp, biting food) ; stom- 
aehus, Hor. 

immortalis -e (in and mortalis), deathless, 
immortal. A. Lit., dii, Cic. ; subst., im- 
mortalis -is, m. an immorta . Cic. B. 
Transf., a, everlasting, imperishable ; meinoria 
et gloria, Cic; amicitiae immortales, inimicitiae 
mortales esse debent, Liv. ; b, happy beyond 
measure, divinely blessed Prop. 

immortalitas -atis, f. (immortalis), immor- 
tality; 1, lit., animoruni, Cic; 2, transf., a, 
everlasting renown, an immortality of fame; 
gloriae, Cic; immortalitati eommendare or tra- 
Sere, to make immortal, Cic; b, the highest happi> 
n ess, Ter. 

immortaliter, adv. (immortalis), infinitely • 
gaudeo, Cic. 

immotus -a -um (in and motus), unmoved, 
motionless. I. Lit., a, of things, arbores, un- 
disturbed, Liv. ; dies, calm, windless, Tac. ; with 
ab and the abl., portus ab accessu ventoiimi 
immotus, Verg. ; b, of persons, stat gravis En- 
tellus nisuque immotus eodem, Verg. ; esp. o) 
soldiers in battle, adversus incitetes turmas 
stetit iminota Samnitium acies, Liv. II, 
Transf., a, unchanged, unbroken ; pax, Tac. ; 
h, fixed, firm, steadfast; mens, fata, Verg. 

immugio, 4. (in and mugio), to bellow, roar, 
resound in, ; iminugiit Aetna cavernis, Verg. 

immulgeo, 2. (in anfl mulgeo), to milk into; 
teneris immulgens ubera labris, Verg. 

immunditia-ae, f. (immundus), uncleanness, 
Impurity, Plant. 

immundus -a -um (in and 1. ninndus), mm. 
clean, impure, foul; humus, CicLCanis, Hor.; 
transf, dicta, Hor. 

immunlo, 4. (in ami munio), to fortify, Tac. 

immunis -e (in and munis, from rout MUN, 
whence also nmnus, munia), free, exempt; 1, 
with reference to the state, agcr, tax-free, Cic ; 
militiS, ereinv t from military service, Liv. ; with. 



imm 



263 



imp 



frcnit., portoriorum, Liv. ; iinmniies militariuni 
operum, Liv. ; 2, gen., a, free from work: with 
genit., immunis operuni, Ov. ; b, contributing 
nothing ; fucus, Verg. ; 11011 ego te meis ini- 
immein nieditor tingere poculis, Hor. ; quem 
scis immunem Cynarac placuisse rapaci, with- 
out gifts, Hor.; c, inactive, Cic. ; d, free from ; 
with genit., mali, Ov. ; absol., maims, stainless, 
Hor. 

immunitas -atis, f. (immunis), 1. exemption 
from public offices or burdens; with genit., omnium 
reium, Caes. ; plur., immunitates dare, Cic. ; 
2, immunity, exemption; inagni muneris, Cic. 

irnmunitus -a -urn (in and munitus), 1, un- 
fortified; oppida castellaque, Liv. ; 2, unpaved; 
via, Cic. 

immurmuro, 1. (in and murmuro), to mur- 
mur in. or at ; silvis imniunnurat Auster, Verg. 

immutabilis -e (in and mntabilis), im- 
mutable, unchangeable ; aeternitas, Cic. 

immutabilltas -atis, f. (immutabilis), im- 
mutability, Cic. 

immutatio -5uis, f. (immuto), 1, a change, 
alteration; ordinis, Cic. ; 2, metonymy, Cic. 

1. immutatus -a -um (in and muto), un- 
changed, Cic. 

2. immutatus -a -um, partic. of immuto. 
immuto, 1. (in and muto), 1, to change, 

alter ; ordinem verbormn, Cic. ; aliquid de in- 
stitutes priorum, Cic. ; of persons, prosperis 
rebus immutari, Cic. ; 2, a, in rhetoric, to use by 
way of metonymy ; Ennius pro Afris immutat 
Afrieam, Cic. ; b, to use allcgorically ; immutata 
oratio, allegory, Cic. 

imo = immo (q.v.). 

impacatus -a -um (in and pacatus), warlike, 
disinclined to peace, restless, Verg. 

impallesco, -palliii, 3. (in and pallesco), to 
grow pale over; nocturnis chartis, Pers. 

impar -paris (in aud par), 1, a, unequal, 
uneven; par et impar ludere, to play at odd and 
even, Hor. ; modi impares, hexameter and penta- 
meter, Ov. ; si toga dissidet impar, sits awry, 
Ilor. ; numeri impares an aequales, Cic. ; b, 
transf., different, Cic. ; 2, a, unequal in strength, 
not a match for ; impar congressus Achilli, Verg.; 
certainen, Ov. ; b, of unequal birth, of inferior 
birth ; maternum genus impar, Tac. (abl. sing, 
gen. impari, but impare, Verg. Eel. 8. 75). 

imparatus -a -um (in and paratus), unpre- 
pared; quum a militibus, turn a pecunia, un- 
provided,- with, Cic. ; inermis atque imparatus, 
Caes. 

impiiriter.adv. (impar),«ne?/eiify, unequcdly, 
Hor. 

impartio, impartlor = impertio, imper- 
tior (q.v.). 

impastus -a -um (in and pasco), unfed, 
hungry ; leo, Verg. 

impatibllis (impe'tibflis) -e (in and pati- 
bilis), intolerable, insufferable ; dolor, Cic. 

impatiens -entis (in and patiens), unable to 
bear or to endure, impatient; a, of persons, 
laborum, Ov. ; vulneris, Verg. ; solis, Tac. ; irae, 
wrathful, Tac. ; b, applied to inanimate objects, 
cera impatiens calons, Ov. ; absol., impatiens 
animus, Ov. 

impatlenter adv. (impatiens), impatiently, 
unwillingly, Tac. 

impatientia -ae f. (impatiens), impatience, 
inability to endure; silentii impatientiam, Tac. 

impavide, adv. (impavidus), fearlessly, un- 
dauntedly, Liv. 

Jmp&vldus -a -um (jn and pavjdus), fear- 



less, courageous, undaunted ; vir, Hor. ; pectora, 
Liv. i 

impedimentum -i, n. (impedio). I. a 
hindrance, impediment ; impedimentum alicui 
facere, inferre, Cic. ; afferre, Tac. ; esse impedi- 
menti loco, or impedimento, Caes. ; Gallis 
magno ad pugnain erat impedimento quod, etc. r 
Caes. II. Esp., in plur., the lieavy baggage of an 
army or traveller, carried in waggons or on beasts 
of burden (sarcina, the soldier's knapsack); im- 
pedimenta et sarcinas invadere, Liv. ; impedi- 
menta exspectanda sunt quae Anngnia veuiunt, 
Cic. 

impedio -ivi and -li -itum, 4. (in and PED, 
TIEA, whence also ped-s (pes), 7ro5-s (n-oJs), 
ned -au). I. to entangle, ensnare. A. Lit. 
crura visceribus ; esp., to render a place impass- 
able; saltuni munitionibus, Liv. B. Transf., 

1, to embarrass, involve, Tac. ; mentem dolore, 
Cic. ; 2, to hinder, impede, prevent, obstruct;. 
aliquem, Cic. ; iter, Liv. ; with ab and the abl., 
se a suo munere non impedit, Cic. ; with abl., 
ne me dicendo impediat, Cic; non or nOiil im- 
pedire, foil, by quominus and the subj., Cic; 
impedire, full, by ne and the subj., Cic. ; aliquid 
aliquem impedit, with intin., Cic. ; with ad and 
the ace gerund, Caes. ; with in and the abl., 
Caes. II. to surround, wrap round; caput 
myrto, Hor. ; equos frenis, to bridle, Ov. 

impeditio -onis, f. (impedio), a hindering, 
hindrance; animus liber omni impeditione cura- 
rum, Cic. 

impeditus -a -um (impedio), hindered, im- 
peded. T. Lit., a, esp. as milit. 1. 1., hindered 
by baggage, not ready for battle (opp. expeditus); 
miles, Caes. ; b, of places, impassable, difficult 
of access; silva, Caes. II. Transf., a, hindered, 
encumbered; solutio, Cie. ; impeditis animis, 
busy, Caes. ; b, troublesome; impeditus aucillarum 
puerorumque coinitatus, Cic. ; c, embarrassed ; 
temporal reipublioie, Cic. 

impello -piili -pulsum, 3. (in and pello). I. 
to strike, strike upon; chordas, Ov. ; inaternas 
impulit aures luctus Aristaei, Verg. II. to push 
forward. A. to set in motion, drive on; 1, 
lit., navcm remis, Verg. ; aliquem in fugam, 
Cic; 2, transf., a, aliquem in hunccasum, Cic; 
b, to incite, urge on, impel; aliquem ad scelus, 
Cic; aliquem ut, etc., Cic; aliquem with inftn., 
Liv. B. to throw to the ground; 1, esp. as 
milit. t. t., to make to yield, to rout ; hostes, 
Liv. ; 2, transf., aliquem praecipitantem, to 
give a push to some one falling, to complete a per- 
son's ruin, Cic 

impendeo, 2. (in and pendeo), to hang over, 
overhang. A. Lit., cervicibus, Cic. ; saxum 
impendere Tantalo, Cic. B. Transf., to impend 
or hang over menacingly, to threaten, be close at 
hand ; in me terrores impendent, Cic. ; omnibus 
teiror impendet, Cic. ; magnum etiam bellum 
impendet a Parthis, Cic. 

impendio, adv. (iiupendium), much, very 
much; with comparatives, magis, far more, Cic 

impendium -li, n. (impendo), 1, expense, 
expenditure, outlay, cost; impendio publico, at 
the public expense, Liv. ; sine impendio, Cic. ; 2, 
interest of money, Cic. 

impendo -pendi -pensum, 3. (in and pendo), 
to expend, lay out; 1, lit., i>ecuniam in aliquam. 
rem, Cic. ; 2, transf., ad incertum casum et 
eventum certus quotannis labor et certus sump, 
tus impenditur, Cic. 

impenetrabilis -o (in and penctrabilis), 1, 
impenetrable ; silex impenetrabilis ferro, Liv. ; 
tegimen adversus ictus impenetrable, Tac ; 

2, unconquerable, invincible, Tap, 
impensa, -ae, f, (impensns -a -«m from 



imp 



264 



imp 



pe 



impendo), expense, outlay, cost; 1, lit., impen- 
sam facere in aliquici, Cic. ; nulla, impensa, Cic; 
2, transf., applied to other than pecuniary out- 
lay, cruoris, Ov. ; operum, Verg. 

impense, adv. (impensus). I. at great cost, 
Pers. II. Transf., urgently, eagerly, pressing! y ; 
orare, Liv. ; nunc eo facio id impensius, Cic. 

impensus -a -niu, p. adj. (from impendo), 1, 

lit., of price, considerable, great ; iiupenso prctio, 
Cic. ; absol., impenso, at a, high price, Hor. ; 2, 
transf., strong, vehement; voluntas erga aliquem, 
Liv. ; voluntas bonorum, Cic. 

imperator -oris, m. (impero), a commander, 
leader. I. Lit., A. Gen., populus est imperator 
omnium gentium, Cic. ; vitae, Sail. B. the com- 
mander-in-chief of an army, Cic. ; hence, a title 
given to a general after a great success by the 
army and senate, Cic. ; added as a title to the 
name, e.g. Cn. Pompeio Cn. P. Magno impeiatori, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. name of Jupiter, Cic. B. 
after Julius Caesar, a name of the Roman em- 
perors ; imperator Augustus, Suet.; and absol., 
= the Roman emperor, Suet. 

imperatorius -a -um (imperator). 1, of or 
relating to a general; nomen, Cic. ; jus, laus, 
labor, Cie. ; 2, imperial ; uxor, Tac. 

imporfltrix -icis f. (imperator), a female 
ruler or commander ; (sarcastically), a general in 
2>etticoats, Cic. 

lmperceptus -a -um (in and percipio), un- 
rceived, unlcnown ; fraus, Ov. 

impercussus -a -uin (in and percutio), not 
struck; impercussos noete movere pedes, noise- 
less, Ov. 

impcrditus -a -um(in and perdo), not slain, 
vndestroyed, Verg. 

Imperfectus -a -um (in and perlicio). in- 
complete, unfinished, imperfect; verba, Ov. ; 
reliquuin corpus imperfectuni ac rude relinquere, 
Cic. ; neut. subst., imperfecto nee absoluto simile 
pulchrum esse nihil potest, Cic. 

imperfossus -a -um (in and perfodio), un- 
slubbed, unpierced; ab omni ictu, Ov. 

impcridsus -a -uin (imperium), 1, powerful, 
mighty, potent ; populus, Cic. ; virga, the fasces, 
Ov.; sibi, master of oneself, Hot.; 2, masterful, 
imperious, tyrannical; philosophus, Cic. ; cupid- 
itas, Cic. 

imperite, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(iinperitus), -unskilfully, iguoranlly, clumsily; 
imperite absurdeque Actum, Cic. ; quid potuit 
-dici imperitius, Cic. 

imperitia -ae, f. (iinperitus), want of skill 
and knowledge, inexperience, ignorance; with 
subject, genit., juvenum, Tac. 

impSrito, 1 . (in tens, of impero). I. Transit., 
to command ; nequam rem imperito, Hor. II. 
In transit., to have power over; si Nero im- 
perilaret, Tac. ; with dat, oppido, Liv. 

imperitus -a -um (in and peritus), unskilled, 
inexperienced, ignorant; with genit., juris civ- 
ilisnon iinperitus, Cic. ; absol., homines imperiti, 
Cic. 

imperium -li, n. (impero). I. an order, 
command ; accipere, to receive, Liv. ; exsequi, to 
execute, Verg. II. the right or power of com- 
manding, power, mastery, command. A. Gen., 
domesticum, Cic. ; animi imperio, corporis ser- 
vitio magis utimur, the mind as a master, the 
body as a slave, Sail. B. Ksp., 1, the government 
or supreme authority in a state; cadere sub P. 
R. imperium, Cic. ; sub P. R. imperium re- 
digere, Cic. ; de imperio decertare, dimicare, 
Cic.-, of magistracies, in imperio esse, to hold 
an office, Cic; cum lmpcrjo esse, to have un- 



limited power, Cic; 2, military power or com- 
mand; summum imperium, Cic; maritimum. 
chief naval command, Caes. ; iiuperia magistra- 
tusque, civil and military honours, Nep. ; alicul 
imperium prorogate, Cic C. Meton., 1, the per- 
son or persons exercising authority ; erat plena 
lictorum et hnperiorum provineia, Caes. ; im- 
pcria et potcstatcs, military anil civil authori- 
ties, Cic; 2, the country governed, an empire; 
allium imperii nostri propagatio, Cic. 

imperjuratus -a -um (in and perjuro), that 
by which no one has sworn or dares to swear 
falsely ; aquae, the Styx, Ov. 

impermissus-a -um (in and penn'tto), for- 
bidden, Hor. 

impero, I. (in and paro), to order, command. 

1. Gen., with act!., quae imperarentur facere dix- 
erunt, Caes. ; partic subst., Imperatum -i, n. 
that which has been commanded; imperatum, or 
imperata facere, Caes. ; with infill., flectere iter 
sociis, Verg. ; pass, in tin., in easdein lautumias 
etiam ex ceteris oppidis deduci imperantur, 
Cic. ; with ace. and infill., esp. with ace and 
pass, infln., Cic; with ut and the subj., Cic; 
ne and the subj., Caes.; with the subj. alone, 
stringerent ferrum imperavit, Liv. II. Ksp., 
A. 1, to rule over, govern, command; Jugurtha 
omni Numidiae imperare parat, Ball. ; adesse ad 
iniperanduni, Cic; tig., sibi, Cic; cupiditatibns, 
Cic ; 2, transf., of agriculture, to work at ; arvis, 
compel to produce crops, Verg. B. to order some 
action; 1, of private life, cenam, Cic ; 2, polit. 
and niilit. t.t., to enjoin, prescribe, make a requisi- 
tion for; frumentum sibi in cellani, Cic. ; anna, 
Caes. ; (archaic form imperassit = iniperaverit, 
Cic). 

imperterritus -a -um (in and perterreo), 
undaunted, fearless, Verg. 

impertio (in-partio) -ivi and -ii -itum (im- 
pertior, dep.), 4. to impart, communicate, share, 
bestow, give; a, alicni de aliqua re or aliquid, 
indigentibus de re familiari, Cic. ; alicui civi- 
tatem, Cic ; teinpus cogitationi, Cic. ; b, ali- 
quem aliqua re, Plaut., Ter. ; partic. subst., 
impertita -orum, n. favours, concessions, Liv. 

impcrturbatus -a -um (in and perturbo), 

undisturbed, calm; OS, Ov. 

impervius -a -um (in and pervius), impass- 
able, impervious; iter, Tac; aninis, Ov. 

impes -pfitis, m. (in and peto) = impetus, 
attack, onset, force ; impete vasto ferri, Ov. 

impetibilis -c = impatibilis (q.v.). 

impctrabilia -e (impetro), 1, pass., easy of 
attainment, attainable ; venia, Liv. ; pax, Liv. ; 

2, act., that obtains easily, successful; orator, 
Plant. ; transf., dies, oh which wishes have been 
fulfilled, Plant, 

impetratio -ouis, f. (impetro), an obtaining 
by asking, Cic 

impetrio, 4. (desider. of impetro), to seek to 
obtain, a good omen, to obtain by favourable omens, 
Cic. 

impetro, 1. (in and patro), to get, obtain, 
accomplish, effect, as a result of effort or entreaty ; 
optatuni, to get one's wish, Cic; alicui civitatem 
(citizenship) a Caesare, Cic. ; with ut and the 
subj., impetrabis a Caesare, ut tibi abesse liceat, 
Cic. ; absol., haec si tecum patria loquatur, 
nonne Impetrare debeat? Cic. 

impetus -lis, m. (impes), violent impulse, 
rapid motion, violence. I. qiilnqtiereinis prae- 
lata impetll, Liv. II. attack, assault, charge. 
A. Lit., 1, impetum (facere in hostes, Caes. ; 
excipere, sustinere, ferre, to receive an attack, 
Caes. ; impetum dare, to attack, Liv. ; primo 
impetu puis}, C?,es.; 2, of things, force, via.- 



imp 



lence; In magno impetu maris atque apetto, 
Caes. B. Transf., 1, of persons, a, impulse, 
force; impetus divinus, inspiration, Cic. ; b, in- 
clination, violent desire; imperii deleudi, Cic; 
c, violence; impetu magis quani consilio, Liv. ; 
2, of tilings, tanti bellMmpetus, Cic. 

inipexus -a -uiu (in and pecto), 1, uncombed, 
Verg. ; 2, transf., rude, uncouth, Tac. 

impie, adv. (impius), impiously, wickedly ; 
aliquid impie scelerateqne committere, Cic. 

lmpietas -atis, f. (impius), impiety, irreli- 
gion, ungodlitiess; a, gen., Cic. ; b, esp., treason 
ami list the emperor, Tac. 

impiger -gra -gnim (in and piger), unsloth- 

. fid, diligent, act ire ; in scribendo, Cic; adlabores 

belli, Cic. ; militia, Liv. ; with genit., militiae, 

Tac. ; with infln., hostium vexare turmas, Hor. 

impigre, adv. (impiger), actively, quickly; 
impigre promittere auxdium, Liv. 

impigritas -atis, f. (impiger), activity, 
quickness, Cic. 

irapingo -pegi -pactum, 3. (in and pango), 
to strike, beat, dash, drive, push against. I. Lit., 
uncuin alieui, Cic. ; litoribus impactus, Tac. 
II. Transf., A. to press upon one, to thrust into 
one's hand; alieui calicem mulsi, Cic; alieui 
epistolam, Cic. B. to drive against; agmina 
muris, Verg. ; hostes in vallum, Tac. 

impio, 1. (impius), to render sinful, defile with 
sin ; se, to sin, Plaut. 

impius -a -urn (in and pius), impious, god- 
less, reprobate, unduliful, unpatriotic. I. Lit., 
civis, Cic. ; subst, nefarius impiusque, Cic. 
II. Transf., of things, bellum, Cic. ; arma, 
Verg. 

implacabilis -e (in and placabilis), implac- 
able, irreconcileable ; alieui, Liv. ; in aliquem, 
Cic. ; of things, iracundiae, Cic. 

implacabllius, adv. in compar. (implaca- 
bilis), more implacably; implacabilius alieui 
irasci, Tac. 

implacatus -a -um (in and placo), unap- 
prised, unsatisfied; Chary bdis, Verg. 

Implacidus -a -nm (in and plaeidus), rough, 
rude, harsh, savage, fierce ; genus, Hor. 

implecto -plexi -i>lexum, 3. (in and plecto), 
to interweave, weave, or twist with, or into; 1, 
lit., implexae crinibus angues Eumenides, wliose 
hair is interivoven with serpents, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., vidua implexa luctu continuo, plunged 
in, Tac. 

imploo -plevi-pleturn, 2. (inand*pleo), to fill, 
fill up, Jill full. I. A. Gen., a, lit., fossas, Liv. ; 
with aid., gremium l'rnstis, Cic; mero pateram, 
Verg. ; with genit., ollam denariorum, Cic; with 
de, volumina de istis rebus, Cic. ; b, transf., 
urbein lamentis, Liv. ; implere aures alicuiUB 
Liv. B. Esp., 1, to fill with food, satiate; im- 
plentur veteris Bacchi piuguisque ferinae.Verg.; 
2, to make pregnant, Ov. ; 3, to fill a certain 
measure, to complete a number ; impleta ut essent 
sex milia armatorum, Liv. ; of the moon, luna 
qn&ter jnnctisimplerat cornibus orbem, htulcom- 
pleted its circle, Ov. II. Fig. A. omnia terrore, 
Liv. B. Esp., 1, to satisfy, content ; sese regum 
sanguine, Cic. ; 2, to complete ; quater undenos 
decembres, to have lived through, Hor. ; 3, to 
occupy a position ; locum principem, Tac ; 4, to 
fulfil,' perform; offlcium scribendi, Cic. ; lata, 
Liv. 

implexus -a um, partic. of implecto. 

implicatio -onis,f.(implico), an intertivining, 
interweaving ; 1, lit., nervorum, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
a, a weaving together; locorum comnmiiium, 
Cic. ; b, embarrassment; rei familiaris, Cic . 

9* " 



265 imp 

implicatus -a -inn, p. adj. (from implico), 
confused, entangled; partes orationis, Cic. 

impliciscor, 3. dep. (implico), to become 
confused, disordered, Plaut. 

implicite, adv. (implicitus), confusedly, Cic. 

implico -plfcui -pllcltum and -pllcavi -pile- 
atom, 1. (in and plico). I. to enfold, enwrap, 
entangle. A. Gen., 1, lit., se dextrne, to cling to, 
Verg. ; implicari remis, Liv. ; 2, transf., ini- 
plicari or implicare se aliqua re, to be entangled 
in, engaged in ; implicari morbo or in morbuiii, 
to be attacked by, Caes. ; negotiis, Cic. ; se soeie- 
tate civium, Cic B. to confuse, perplex; a, 
implicare ac perturbare aciem, Sail. ; b, aliquem 
incertis responsis, Liv. II. A. to twine around ; 
brachia collo, Verg. B. to weave around, to 
surround ; tempora ramo, Verg. .'. 

imploratio -onis, f. (imploro), an imploring 
for help; with subject, genit., illius, Cic; with 
object, genit., dei\m, Liv. 

imploro, 1. (in and ploro). I. to call upon 
with tears or entreaties. A. Gen., nomen illii, 
Cic. B. Esp., to beseech, implore; deos, Cic; 
alicuius auxiliuin, fidem, misericordiam, Cic 

II. to ask for; auxilium ab aliquo, Cic, Caes.; 
with ne and the subj., Caes. 

implumis -e (in and pluma), unfledged; 
pulli, Hor.; fetus (avis), Verg. ■ • 

impliio -plui, 3. (in and pluo), to rain upon ; 
with dat., Peneus snmmis aspergine silvis im- 
pluit, Ov. 

impluvium -ii, n. (impluo), a square basin, 
in the floor of the atrium of a Roman house, in 
which the rain-water, coming through the com- 
pluvium, was received, Cic 

impolite, adv. (impolitus), plainly, without 
ornament ; dicere, Cic. 

impolitus -a -um (in and polio), rough, un- 
polished, unrefined, inelegant ; forma ingenii ad- 
niodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic; res, un- 
finished, Cic. 

impollutus -a -um (in and polluo), un~ 
polluted, undefiled, Tac. 

lmpdno -pdsiii -p5situm, 3. (in and pono). 
I. tn put, set, lay, place in ; aliquem sepnlero, 
to bury, Ov. ; coloniam in ngro Saiiinitium, Liv.; 
pittesidium Abydi, at Abydos, Liv. II. to put, 
lay, place upon. A. Lit., l f gen., alieui coronam, 
Cic. ; dextram in caput, Liv.; aliquem in rogum, 
Cic, rogo, Verg. ; 2, esp. as naut. t. t., im- 
ponere in naves or simply imponere, to put on. 
ship, to em&arfc,'«-legiones equitesque in naves, 
Caes.; exercitum Brundisii, Cic B. Transf., 1, 
to put over as master ; regem Macedoniae, con- 
sulem populo, Cic ; 2, to lay upon as a burden, 
impose; frenos animo alicuius, Liv. ; alieui onus, 
Cic ; invidiam belli consuli, Sail. ; 3, to impose 
upon, cheat, deceive; witlidat., Catonicgregie, Cic 

III. to place on. A. Lit., claves portis, Liv. B. 
Transf., 1, nianum extremam (summam, supre- 
main) alieui rei, to put the last touch to, Verg. ; 
lineni imponere alieui rei, Liv. ; moduin alieui 
rei, to put bounds to, Liv. ; 2 f to aild ; a,'aliiui 
nomen imponere (with genit. or ace. of the 
name); b, inabad sense, tocause; aliaiii vulnus, 
Cic (partac. peif. syncop. impostus, Verg.). 

importo, 1. (in and porto), 1, to bring in, 
import; vinuin ad se importari omnino non 
sinunt, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, to bring in, intro- 
duce; iinportatis artibus, foreign, Cic; b, to 
bring upon, cause; alieui detrinientum, Cic 

importune, adv. (importunus), unseason- 
ably, rudely, violently ; insistere, Cic. 

importunitas -atis, f. (importunus), rude- 
ness, impoliteness, insolence, incivility: aninii, 
Cic. 



imp 



266 



imp 



importunus -a -am (in and POR-o, PORT-o, 
whence portus, porta, etc.), 1, lit., unsuitable, ill- 
adapted; loca machhiationibus, Sail.; 2. transf., 
a, of time, unfavourable ; tenipus, Cic ; b, of 
circumstances, troublesome, burdensome, oppress- 
ive; pauperies, Hor. ; c, rude, uncivil, unman- 
nerly, churlish, savage; mulier, hostis, libido, 
Cic. 

Impcrtuosus -a -nm (in and portuosus), 
without harbours; mare, Sail. ; litns, Liv. 

Impos -pdti.s (in and POT, whence also 
potis), having no power over ; nnimi, Plant. 

imposltus -a -urn, partic. of iinpono. 

impotens -entis (in and pot ens). I. weaky 
impotent, having no power; homo, Cic. ; plur. 
subst impotentes -inm, the weak, Cic. II. 
having no power over, not master of. A. Gen. 
with genit., equi regendi, Liv. ; irae, Liv. B. 
iiuable. to command- one's passions, violent, un- 
restrained, furious, outrageous; a, lit., homo, 
Cic. ; animus, Cio. ; b, transf., of the passions 
themselves, unbridled ; ii\]m\a., Liv.; laetitia, Cic 

impot enter, adv. (impotens), 1, weakly, 
powerlessly ; elephantos impotentius .jaan rcgi, 
Liv. ; 2, intemperately, passionately, Liv. 

impdtentia -ae, f. (impotens). I. impotence, 
Ter. II. passionateness, ttngovernablencss, in- 
temperance, extravagant passion ; animi, Cic. 

impraesentlarum (for in praesent.ia re- 
rum), in present circumstances, for the, present, at 
present, Nep., Tac. 

impransus -a -nm (in and pransus), that 
has not breakfasted, fasting, Hor. 

imprecor, 1. dep. (in and precor), to unsh 
any thing for any one, to call down upon, to im- 
precate ; litora litoribus eontraria, Yerg. ; alicni 
diras, Tac. 

impresslo -Cnis, f. (irapriiuo), 1, in rhe- 
toric, a, a distinct expression, emphasis, stress of 
voice; explanata vocum inipressio, Cic.; b, im- 
prcssiones, raising and lowering of the voice, Cic; 
2, philosoph. t. t., the impressions of outward 
things received through the senses, Cic. ; 3, a 
pressing-in-vpon, an attack, assault; non ferre 
imprcssionem Latinorum, Liv. ; of political con- 
tests, me vi et impressione evertere, Cic. 

imprimis, adv. (in and primus), especially, 
first of all, principally, Cic. 

imprimo -pre'ssi -pressum, ?,. (in and 
premo), to press in or on. I. Gen., to proa upon, 
press into; impresso genu, Verg. II. a, to press 
into, impress, drive in; aratrum muris, Hor. ; 
sulcum altins, Cic. ; b, esp., to stamp, make a 
mark; sigilluin in coi-.i, Cic; c, transf., as 
philosoph. t. t., of ideas, etc., to impress on the 
mind; quum visa in animis imprimantnr, Cic. ; 

d, to seal; signo suo impressae tabellae, Liv. ; 

e, to inlay, cover; cratera iinpressum signis, 
chased, embossed, Verg. ; f, tig., quae quum 
viderem tot vestigiis inipressa, Cic. 

improbatio -Cmis, f. (improbo), disappro- 
bation, blame ; improbatione hominis uti, Cic. 

improbe, adv. (improbus), 1, wrongly, dis- 
honestly, wickedly ; dicere, facere, Cic. ; 2, wan-. 
tonly, impudently; improbissime rcspondeie, 
Cic. 

improbitas -stis, f. (improbus), badness, 
wickedness, depravity; alicuius, Cic; applied to 
animals, simiae (roguery), Cic. 

' Improbo, 1. (in and probo), to disapprove, 
hlame, find fault with, reject ; multorum opera, 
Cic. ; with double ace, aiiquem testem, Cic. 

improbulus -a -urn (dim. of improbus), 
someivhat bad, wicked, Juv. 

improbus -a -um (in and probus). I. bad, 



poor; 1, lit., defensio, Cic. ; 2, transf., morally 
bad, wicked, depraved, reprobate: homo, Cic; 
lex, Cic. ; subst., a rogue, Cic. II. beyond mea- 
sure; a, beyond the usualsize, enormous, 'immense ; 
labor, never-ending, Verg. ; rabies ventris, i'uvi- 
tiable hunger, Verg. ; anser, angnis, voracious, 
Verg.; b, transf. (a) mi schievous ; puer, Verg.; 
(0) bold; Aeneas, Verg.; shameless, Impudent; 
siren, Hor. ; (y) lascivious, lewd ; eannina, Ov. 

Improccrus -a -uin (in and procerns), small, 
low of stature. ; pecora, Tac. 

impromptus -a -um (in and promptnsj, 

not ready, not quick; lingua, slow of speech, Liv. 
improperatiis -a -um (in and propero), not 
hasty, slov: ; vestigia,. Verg. . ' 

improsper -era -eruin (in and prosper), un- 
fortunate, unprospergus ; claritudo, Tac. 

improspere, adv. (imprrispev), liripros- 
perously, unluckily, Tac. 

.improvide, adv. (improvidus), without fore- 
thought, iuiprovidently, Liv. 

improvidus -a -um (in and providus). I. 
not foreseeing; improvidos iucdutosque hostes 
opprimcre, Liv. ; with genit., improvidus lulnii 
certaminis, Liv. . II. without forethought, in- 
cautious, heedless, improvident ; duces, Cic. ; 
improvidi et creduli senes, Cic. ; with genit., 
improvidus futuri, Tac; transf., of things, ini- 
provida aetas (puerorum), Cic. 

improviso, adv. (iinprovisus), suddenly, wn- 
expecledly, Cic. 

improvisus -a -um (in and provideo), un- 
foreseen, unanticipated, unexpected, sudden ; res, 
Cic ; adventus, Cic. ; de or ex improviso, or 
improviso, suddenly, unexpectedly, Cic. 

imprudens -cutis (in and prudens). I. nut 
foreseeing, not expecting, not knowing; aiiquem 
imprudentem aggredl, to attack unawares, Caes.; 
imprudente Sulla, without the Knowledge of Sulla. 
II. a, ignorant of, not acquainted with ; iegis.Cic; 
maris, Liv. ; b, unwise, rush, imprudent, Tac. 

imprudenter, ndv. (Imprudens), 1. ignnr- 
antly, unwittingly, unawares, through ignorance, 
Cic; 2, imprudently, inconsiderately ; nihil im- 
prudenter facere, ap. Cic. 

imprudentia -ae. f. (imprudens). I. ah- 
sence of design; telimissi,Cic; quo neimpruden- 
tiain quidem oculorum adjici fas fuit, cast a look 
unawares, Cic. II. 1, ignorance of; eventus, 
Liv. ; 2, want of foresight, imprudence, inad- 
vertence ; per imprudent iam, from imprudence, 
Cic ; propter imprudentiam labi, Caes. 

impubCS -beds and impubis -e (in and 
pnbes), below the age of puberty, under age, 
youthful; Alius, Cic; anni, Ov. ; genae, beard- 
less, Verg. ; qui diutissime impuberes permaiis- 
crunt, retained their chastity, Caes. ; plur., im- 
puberes or impubes, boys, Liv., Caes: 

impudens -entis (in and pndens), not 
ashamed, shameless, impudent; tu es impudens I 
Cic. ; transf., mendacium, Cic; invpndentissimao 
literae, Cic. 

impudenter, adv. withcompar. and super], 
(impudens), shamelessly, impudently ; mentiri, 
Cic. 

impudentia -ae, f. (impudens), shameless- 
ness, impudence, Cic. 

impudicitia -ae, f. (impudicus), lewdness, 
incontinence, nnchastity, Tac. 

impudicus -a -um (in and jiudicus), un* 
chaste, lewd, incontinent ; homo, Cic. ; transf., 
P. Clodii imperatoris impudentia, Cic. 

impugnatio -onto, f. (impugno), an assault, 
attack, Cic. 

impugno, 1. (in and pugno), to attack, as* 



Imp 



2G7 



ina 



sault, assail. I. Lit., as railit. 1. 1., terga 
liostiura, Liv. ; absol., Caes. II. Transf., a, 

to contend, struggle against any one, attack, as- 
sail; regem, Sail. ; b, to assail with words; dig- 
nitatem alicuius, Cic. ; sententiam, Tac. ' 

impulsio -<3nis, f. (impello), 1, an external 
influence or force, an impression or impulse from 
without, Clc. ; 2, an instigation, incitement, im- 
pulse ; omnis ad omnem animi motum impulsio, 
Cic. '• • **'" ' ' 

impulsor -5ris, m. (impello), are instigator, 
inciter ; profectionis meae, Cic. ; Caesara im- 
pulsorc atque auctore, Cic. . 

impulsus -us, m. (impello). I. an outward 
force, shock, pressure; scutorum, Cic. II. 1, 
an incitement, instigation; impulsuimeo, suo, 
vestro, Cic. ; 2, an inward impulse, sudden pas- 
sion, Cic. 

impune (impunis, from in and poena), adv. 
with impunity, without punishment. A. Lit., 
faccre, Cic. ; ferrc, to go unpunished, Cic; non 
impune abire, Caes. B. Tranaf., without peril, 
safely ; in otio esse, Cic. ; revisers aequor, Hor. 

impunitas -atis, f. (impunis). A. Lit., 
impunity, exemption from punishment ; peccandi, 
Cic. ; alicui veniam et impunitatem dare, Cic. ; 
impunitas non modo a jnclicio, sed etiam a ser- 
mone, Cic. B. Transf., freedom, licence; flagiti- 
orum, Cic. ; superfluens juvenili quadam im- 
punitate et licentia, Cic. 

impunite, adv. (impunitus), with impunity, 
Cic. 

impunitus -a -tun (in and punitus). A. un- 
punished, exempt from punishment; inultorum 
impunita scelera ferre, Cic. ; si istius haec 
injuria impunita diseesserit, Cic. ; aliquem im- 
punitum dimittere, Sail. B. Transf., unbridled, 
unrestrained ; mendacium, Cic. ; omnium rerum 
libertas, Cic. 

impuratus -a -urn (impuro), vile, aban- 
doned, infamous, Plaut,, Ter. 

impure, adv. (impurus). impurely, vilely, 
■infamously, shamefully ; multa facere, Cic. ; 
vivere, Cic. 

impuritas -atis, f. (impurus), vioral im- 
purity, Cic. 

impurus -a -urn (in and purus), 1, lit., un- 
clean, stained, impure, Ov. ; 2, usually in a 
moral sense, impure, defiled, vile, shameful, in- 
famous ; homo, Cic; animus, Sail.; historia, 
Ov. 

1. imputatus -a -um (in and puto), un- 
pruned, untrimmed ; vinea, Ov. 

2. imputatus -a -um, partie. of imputo. 
impiito, 1. (in and puto), to impute to, lay to 

the charge of any one, as a fault or merit, to account, 
reckon as a fault or merit ; a, as a merit, quis 
mini plurimum imputet, Tac. ; b, as a fault, 
alicui natuin, Ov. 

lmtilus -a -um (dim. of imus), lowest, Cat. 
imus -a -um, super], from inferos (q.v.). 
1. in, prep, with ace. = into, with abl. = in. 

1. With tlie ace A. Of space, into ; ad urbem 
vel potius in urbem exereitum adducere, Cic. 
B. Of time; 1, to; dormire in lucem, Hor. ; 
aliquid in omnetempus perdidisse,/o?- ercr, Cic; 

2, for, to; magistratum creare in annum, Liv. ; 
in multos annos praedicere, Cic; in diem, a, 
for a short time, for the day; in diem vivere, to 
live for the moment, Cic. ; b, daily ; in diem 
rapto vivere, Liv.; c, for the future ; in diem 
poenas praesentis fraudis dii reservant, Cic. ; 
in dies or in singulos dies, (a) from day to day, 
Cic. ; (8) daily, Cic. ; in lioras, hourly, Hor. ; 
in singulos annos, from year to year, Liv. C Of 
other relations ; 1, of dimension, in; murum in 



altitudinem pedum sedeciin fossamque pcrducit, 
Caes.; 2, of division, into; Gallia est omnis 
divisa in tres partes, Caes. ; describere censores 
binos in singulas civitates, two for each state, 
Cic; 3, of object, for; nullam pecuniamGabiuio, 
nisi in rem militarem datam, Cic. ; in hoc, for 
this pzirpose, Hor. ; 4, of manner, according to ; 
tradere regnum in fldein alicuius, on tlie word of, 
Sail. ; in eandem sententiam loqui, Cic. ; jurare 
in verba alicuius, Hor.; in.-universuin, in 
general, Liv. ; in vicem, Cic, Caes.,- or in vices, 
Ov., in turns ; 5, of direction, a, to, in the pre- 
sence of, before; de servis quaere in. dojuinos, 
Cic. ; b, towards; amor in patriam, Cic. D. 
Pregnant eonstr., aliquem in carcerem asservari 
jubere, to be taken to prison anil kept there, Liv. ; 
in Tusculanum futurum esse, to wish to come to, 
Cic. II. With abl., in. A. Of space ; 1, esse in. 
Sicilia, Cic. ; in oculis esse, to be before 'ojie'x 
eyes, Cic. ; 2, esp. of dress, etc., esse in voste 
domestica, Ov. ; excubare in amis, Caes.'B. 
of time ; 1, in the course of; in sex mensjbus, 
Cic. ; in bello, Cic. ; in deliberando, during, Cic. ; 
2, at; in tali tempore, Liv. ; in eo est ut, etc., 
oil the point of, Liv. ; in tempore, at the right 
time, Liv. C. Of other relations ; 1, of the con- 
dition in which oue is, in; in hac solitudine, 
Cic. ; with persons, in the case of; in hoc hom'ihe 
nonaccipioexcusationem.Cic; 2, of action, etc., 
in; in inotii esse, Cic; 3, of the subjects' of 
education, in; erudire in jure civili, Cic. ; 4, 
amongst the number of; in quibus Catilina, Sail. 

2. in, inseparable particle, with adjectives 
and participles, without, not, e.g., indoctus. 

inaccessus -a -um (in and accedo), inac- 
cessible ; lucus, Verg. 

inacesco -Icni, 3. to become sour;' transf., 
haec tibi per totos inacescant omnia sensus, Ov. 

Inachus(Inachos) -i,m.(*li'axos),a TOj/tfncflZ 
king of Argos, father of Io, after whom the river 
Inachus in Argolis was named; hence 1, adj., 
Inaohius -a -um; a, relating to Inachus ; jii- 
venca, Io, Verg. ; b, Greek;', urbes, Verg. ; 2, 
Inaohides -ae, m. a descendant of Inachus, 
Perseus, Ov. ; Epaphus, Ov. ; 3, Inachis -Wis, 
f. relating to Inachus; ripa, of tlie river Inachus-, 
Ov. ; subst., a dauyhter of Inachus, Io, Prop." .'■■ 

inadustUS -a -um (in and a<luro), unburnt, 
unsinged, Ov. ■ 

Inaedifico, 1. 1, to build in or '-upon; 
sacellum in domo, Cic. ; aliquid in locum, Liv. ; 
2, to build up, block up, barricade; vicos plat- 
easque, Caes. • . iiii 

inacquabilis -e, a, uneven ; solum, Liv. ; 
b, unequal, varying ; motus, Cic. ■ . .■ v : 

inaequabiliter, adv. (inaequabilis), un-. 
equally, variously, Suet. , ■ - ■ 

inaequalis -e. I. unequal, uneven, unlike, 
various; 1. lit., loca, Tac; calices, now full t 
now half full, Hor. ; 2, transf., varjeta» r Cic, 
II. Act., makitig unequal; tonsor, Hor. ; pro* 
cellae, disturbing the level of the tea, Hor. 

inacqualltas -Stis, f. (inaequalis), in- 
equality, dissimilarity, irregularity, Varr. " " .. , 

inaequallter, adv. (Inaequalis), unequally, 
unevenly; inaequaliter eminentes rupes, LiV.' 

inaequo, 1. to make even or level; haec 
levibus cratibus terraque inaequat, Caes. 

inaestlmabilis -e, 1, a, that cannot be 'esti- 
mated ; nihil tam incertum nee tarn inaestirnabile 
quam animi multitudinis, Liv. ; b. priceless, 
inestimable ; gaudium, Liv. ; 2, having I «o 
(relative) value (Qr. awaf lav ix<ov), Cic. ; jn a ba4 
sense, unworthy of being valued, Clc. • 

inaestuo, 1. to boil, rage in; fig., »i nieia 
inaestuat praecordiis'bilis, Hor. 



i ml 



S2t>S 



mo 



InaffeCtatus -a -nm (in and afiecto), natural, 
unaffected, Plin, 

Inalpinus -a -nm, Alpine, dwelling in the 
Alps; subst., Inalpini -drum, the dwellers in 
the Alps, ap. Cic. 

inamabilis -e, unpleasant, hate/id, unlovehji 
odious ; pains (of the Styx), Verg. 

inamaresco, 3. to become bitter, Hor. 

Inambitidsus -a -um, not ambitious, un- 
pretentious, Ov. 

Inambulatlo -onis, f. (inamhulo), a walking 
up and down, Cic. 

inambulo, 1. to walk up and down ; cum 
f'utta in portion, Cic. 

Inamoenus -a -nm, unpleasant, unlovely, 
dismal; regna umbrarum, Ov. 

inaniae -5rum, f. (inanis), emptiness, Plant. 

Inanlldquus (Inanilogns) -a -um (in- 
anis and loquor), speaking in vain or emptily, 
Plaut. 

In ani m al Is -e, lifeless, inanimate; animalia 
inanimaliaque omnia, Liv. 

ln&niuia,tVLB-&-mn,lifeless,inanimate,Cic.('!). 

i nnn imentnm -i, n. (inanio), emptiness, 
Plant. 

laanimus -a -um (in and animal lifelsss, 
inanimate; neut. subst., quum inter inanimum 
et animal hoc intersit, Cic. 

inanio -ivi -itum, 4. (inanis), to empty, moke 
void, Lucr. 

inanis -e, empty, void, vacant (opp. plenus, 
completns, confertus). L Lit., A. Gen., vas, 
domus, Cic. ; equus, without rider, Cic. ; navis, 
unloaded, Caes. ; corpus, soulless, dead, Cic. ; 
lumina, blind, Ov. ; galea, taken from the. head, 
Verg. ; with genit., Hor. ; with abl., epistola 
inanis aliqua re utili et suavi, Cic. ; subst, 
Inane -is, n. space, empty space, Cic. B. 1, 
esp., empty-handed ; a, redire, Cic. ; b, poor, 
indigent; civitas, Cic; 2, empty-bellied, hungry, 
Hor. IL Transf., 1, empty, void of; with genit, 
inanissima pnulentiae, Cic. ; elocutio, Cic. ; 
subst, inane -is, n. vanity, emptiness, Hor. ; 
2, groundless, vain; motus, Cic. ; 3, vain, use- 
less; contentiones, Cic. ; 4, vain, conceited ; 
animus, Cic. 

inanitas -atis, f. (inanis), 1, emptiness, 

empty space, Cic. ; 2, transf., worthlcssness, 
inanity, Cic. 

inanlter, adv. (inanis), emptily, vainly, 
uselessly, Cic. 

1. inaratus -a -um (in and an>), unplonghetl, 
follow, Verg. 

2. inaratus, partic. of inaro. 
inardesco -ai-si, 3. I. to burn on ; humeri's 

Herculis, Hor. II. to begin to glow, to kindle. 
A. Lit., nubes inardescit solis radii s, Verg. B. 
Transf., of passions, to glow, bum; amor specie 
praesentis inarsit, Ov. ; specie juvenis, Ov. 

inaresco -artii, 3. to become dry;vi solis, 
Tac. 

inargentatUS -a -um, silvered, plated with 
silver, Plin. 

Inarime -cs, f. = Aenaria. 

inaro, 1. to plough, to cultivate, Plin. 

inassuetus -a -um, unaccustomed; cquus, 
Ov. 

Inattenuatua (in and attonuo), undimin- 
ished, unimpaired; fames, uuappeased, Ov. 
Inaudax -acis, timid, fearful, Hor. 
inaudio, 4. to hear; particularly, to hear 



news, to hear a secret; aliqc.id de aliqtto, Cic. ; 
de aliqua re ex aliqno, Cic. 

1. inauditus -a -um (in and audio), unheard 
of; 1, a, inaudita criminatio, Cic; b, unheard 
of, unusual; agger inauditus, Caes. ; nomen est, 
non dico inusitatum, vernm etiain iiiauditnm, 
Cic. ; 2, unheard, without a hearing (before a 
judge); aliquem inauditum et indefensnm dam- 
nare, Tac. 

2. inauditus -a -um, partic. of inaudio. 

inaugurato, adv. (inanguro), after having 
taken the auguries, Liv. 

inauguro, 1. I. Intransit, to take the augu- 
ries, to divine; Palatinm Romulus, Renins 
Ayentinum ad hiaugurandum templa capinnt, 
Liv. ; with rel., sent., inaugura flerine pos- 
sit, quod nunc ego mente concipio, Liv. II. 
Trausit., to consecrate, instal, inaugurate ; teni- 
plum, Cic. ; flaminem, Cic. 

inaures -Inm, f. (in and aures), earrings, 
Plaut. 

inauro, 1. I. to gild, rover with gold ; gen. 
in partic, inauratUS -a -um, gilt; statna, Cic; 
vestis, gold-worked, Ov. II. Transf. (in jest), 
to gild, enrich, Cic. 

inauspicato, adv. (inauspieatus), without, 
consulting the auspices, Cic. 

inauspieatus -a -um. I. without auspices ; 

lex, adopted without auspices, Liv. II. Transf., 
unlucky, inauspicious, Plin. 

inausus -a -um (in and audeo), not dared, 
not attempted ; ne quid inausum ant intractatnm 
sceleris dolive fuisset, Verg. 

incaeduus -a -um, not cut down, unfelled; 
luetis, Ov. 

lncalesco -calui, 3. to glow, become warm ; a, 
of things, incaleacente sole, Liv. ; b. of persons, 
to gloic with wine or passion; vino, Liv. ; esp. of 
love ; vidit et incalnit pelagi dcus, Ov. 

incalfaclo. 3. to heat, warm, make hot, Ov. 

incallide, adv. (incallidus) not cleverly, with- 
out ingenuity; non incallide (= skilfully) ter- 
giversari, Cic 

incallldUS -a -nm, not clever, without in- 
genuity ; servus non incallidus, Cic. 

incandesco -candtii, 3. to begin to glow with 
heot, become very hot ; ineandcso.it eundo (plum- 
bum), Ov. 

incanesco -canui, 3, to become ichite; ornus- 
que incanuit albo (lore piri, Verg. 

incantamentum -i, n. (incauto), a charm, 
incantation, Plin. 

incanto, 1. to consecrate with eharuis or speUs ; 

vincnla, Hor. 

incanus -a -nm, quite grey ; nicnta, Verg. 

ineassum, adv. (v. cassus), in vain, vainly, 
uselessly, Verg. 

lnoastigatus -a -um (in and castigo), un- 
chastised, uncorrected, Hor. 

Incaute, adv. (incautus), incautiously, care- 
!■ .•»•/// ;incaute ct stulte, Cic ; compar., incautius 
sequi, Caes. 

incautus -a -um, 1, incautious, careless, 
heedless, unwary, inconsiderate ; homo ineautns 
et rusticus, Cic ; with ab and the abl., incantim 
a fraude, Liv. ; wifli genit., fntnri, Hor. ; 2, not 
guarded against or that which cannot be guarded 
against, unforeseen, unexpected, uncertain, un- 
protected; repentc incantos agros invasit, Sail. ; 
iter hnstibus incantum, Tac. 

incedo-cessi-oessum,3. I.Intransit., towalh; 
go, march, step in, enter. A. Lit., a, pedes, on. 
foot, Liv. ; molliter, with a light step, Ov. ; qua* 



mc 



2G9 



mc 



cumque incederet, Cic. ; b, as niilit. t. t., 
to march, advance; usque ad portas, Liv. ; iu 
pereulsos Roinanos, tocomeon, Sail. B. Transf., 
a, to come on-, break out ; postquam tenebrae 
iucedebant, Liv. ; incessit in ea castra vis 
lunrbi, Liv. ; b, of news, reports, etc. ; occultus 
rumor incedebat (with ace. and intin.), Tac. ; 
C, of political events, to take place, arise, spread 
abroad; incessit tiinor S.ibini belli, Liv.; with 
dat. pers., to seize on ; gravis cura patribus in- 
cessit, ut, etc:, Liv. II. Transit., 1, to walk on; 
sconam, Tac. ; 2, to happen to, come to, befall; 
aliquem valetudo ad versa incessit, Tac. 

incelebratus -a -11111 (in and oele.bro), not 
made known, not spread, abroad, Tac. 

Incendiarius -a -um (incendium), relating 
to a conflagration, incendiary ; hence, subst., 
incendiarius -ii, in. an incendiary, Tac. 

incendium -ii, u. (iueendo), a conflagration, 
Hre. 1. 1, lit., incendium facere, excitare, Cic; 
uonfiare, Liv. ; 2, nieton. fire-brand ; incendia 
poscit, Verg. II. Transf., l,Jire, glow, heat (of 
the passions) ; cupiditatum, Cic. ; 2, danger, 
destruction, ruin; civitatis, Cic. 

incendo -cendi -censum, 3. (in and *cando), 
to kindle, set fire to, burn. I. A. Lit., a, tus et 
odores, Cic. ; b, to set on fire ; urbeni, Cic. ; 
C, medic, t. t., incensi aestus, the burning heat 
offerer, Verg. B. Meton., 1, to kindle fire upon ; 
altaria, Verg. ; 2, to make bright, brilliant, to 
enlighten; solis incensa radiis luna, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, to set on fire with passion, incite, 
excite, stir up, irritate, incense; a, animos ju- 
dicum in aliquem, Cic. ; desine me incendere 
querelis, Verg. ; esp., to excite to looe; aliquem, 
Verg. ; incendi, to barn, to glow, to be irritated, 
incensed; amore, desiderio, Cic. ; incensus ira, 
Cic; b, of abstract objects, to arouse; oupid- 
itatem, odia. Cic. ; 2, to enhance, raise, increase; 
luctum, Verg. ; 3, to fill (as with fixe); caelum 
claniore, Verg. 

incensio -unis, f. (iucendo), a burning, con- 
flagration, Cic. 

1. incensus -a -um (in and censeo), not 
enivlled by the censor, unassessed, Cic. 

2. incensus. I. Partic. of incendo. II. 
P. adj., tig., of orators, fiery; vehemens et in- 
census, Cic. 

inceptio -onis, f. (incipio), a beginning, un- 
dertaking ; tarn praeclari operis, Cic. 

incepto, 1. (intens. of incipio), to begin, 
undertake, Plaut., Ter. 

inceptor -Oris, in. (incipio), a beginner, Ter. 

iliceptum -i, n. (incipio). an undertaking, 
beginning, enterprise ; inceptuui non succedebat, 
I,iv.; iucepta patrare, Sail.; ab incepto desistere, 
Liv. 

iaceptus -us, in. = inceptum (q.v.). 

incerno -crSvi -crctuin, 3. to sift upon, to 
beslreiu by sifting ; piper album cum sale nigro 
iucrctum, Hor. 

incero, 1. to cover with wax; in jest, genua 
deorum, to cover with votive wax tablets, i.e., to 
beseech, implore, Juv. 

1. incerto, adv. (iucerlus), not certainly, 
doubtfully, Plaut. 

2. incerto, 1. (iucertus), to make uncertain 
or doubtful, Plaut. 

incertus -a -um, uncertain, doubtful, not 
sure. I. A. cisus,Cic.;rosponsuui,Liv.;rumores, 
Caes. B. Ksp., a, not clearly visible, dim, dark ; 
luna, Verg. ; b, not sure (of a blow) ; securis, 
Verg.; c, disorderly; criues, Ov. ; vultus, dis- 
turbed, Cic. II. A. undetermined ; os, stammer- 
ing, Ov. ; with re}j scut., incerti socji an hostes 



essent, Liv. ; subst, incertum -i, u. tlxat 
which is uncertain, uncertainty ; ad or in in- 
certum revocare, to make uncertain, Cic. ; plur., 
incerta belli, the uncertainties of war, Liv. B. 
Transf., of persons, uncertain, hesitating; quum 
iucertus cssein ubi esses, Cic. ; with geuit., 
reium onmiuni, Liv. 

incesso -cessi or -eessivi, 3. (intens. of 
incedo), to attack, assail, fall upon. A Lit., 
aliquem jaculis saxisque, Liv. B. .Transf., to 
assail with reproaches ; reges dictis protervis, 
Ov.; aliquem crimiuibus, Tac. 

incesaus -Us, m. (incedo), the gait, mode of 
walking. I. Lit., A. Gen., rarus incessus nee 
ita longus, Cic. ; incessus citus modo, modo 
tardus, Sail. B. Esp., a hostile attack, assault; 
primo incessu solvit obsidium, Tac. II. eu- 
trance, approach ; alios incessus hostis claudere, 
Tac. 

inceste, adv. (incestus), impurely, sinfully, 
Cic. 

incesto, 1. (incestus), 1, to defile, pollute; 
classem fuuere, Verg. ; 2, to defile, dishonour, 
Verg. 

incestum -i, n., v. incestus. 

1. incestus -a -um (in and castus), impure, 
sinful, impious. I. Gen., os, Cic; manus, Liv.; 
subst., incestus, a sinful person, Hor. II. Esp., 
unchaste, lewd; a, of persons, judex (of Paris), 
Hor. ; b, of things, ftagitium, Cic. ; subst., 
incestum -i, n. unchastity, lewdness, incest; 
incestum facere, Cic. 

2. incestus -us, m. (1. incestus), uncltastity, 
incest, Cic. 

inchoo, 1. to begin, commence. A Gen., 
novum delubrum, Cic. ; res quas (communis in. 
telligentia) in auimis uostris inchoavit, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, to introduce, begin to treat of; philo- 
sophiam multis locis, Cic. ; 2, to bring a matter 
before the senate; iiichoante Caesare de, etc., 
Tac ; 3, partic perf., inchoatus -a -urn, only 
begun, not finished, incomplete; cognitio, officium, 
Cic. 

1. incido -cidi, 3. (in and cado), to fall in or 
or. I. Accidentally. A. Lit., foveam, Cic; 
with dat., capitibus nostris, Liv. B. Transf., 

I, to fall into, to light upon; in insidias, Cic ; 
incidere alicui or in aliquem, to meet unexpectedly, 
Cic. ; 2, of time, to fall upon, happen on ; in 
hunc diem incidunt mysteria, Cic. ; 3^ to fall 
into a djisease or some evil ; in morbum, Lie ; in 
aesalienum, to run into debt, Cic; 4. tufullupon 
by chance ; a, of persons, casu in eorum men- 
tionem, Cic. ; in Diodorum, to fall in, with the 
opinion of, Cic. ; b, of things, incidit milii in 
meiitem, it comes into my mind, Cic. ; 5, to 
happen, occur; incidunt saepe tempora quum, 
etc., Cic. ; si qua clades iucidisset, Liv. ; forte 
incidit ut with subj., Liv.; with dat. pers., to 
happen to ; multis tales casus inciderunt, Cic. 

II. Purposely. A. Lit., into a place, to burst 
into; castris, Liv.; in hostem, to attack, Liv. 
B. Transf., to fall upon, seize; terror incidit 
exercitui, Caes. 

2. Incido -eidi -clsura, 3. (in and caedo). I. 
to cut into, mate an incision, cut open; 1, gen., 
arbores, Caes. ; puhno iucisus, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, 
to inscribe, engrave an inscription; leges in ses, 
Cic. ; notum est carmen incibum iu sepulcro, Cic; 
b, to make by cutting ; faces. Verg. ; C, to clip, 
prune, cut; pinuas, Cic. II. to cut through: 
A. Lit., linum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to cut short, 
bring to an etid, break off; poema quod jnstitu- 
eram, Cic. ; sennonem, Liv. ; genus vocis Mi; 
cidens, broken off, interrupts ; 2, to take away; 
spem omueni, Liv. 

inciens -eutis (conuected with,, iynvpijy, 
tyKvof), pregnant, with young, Plin, 



Ill (J 



2lU 



me 



incills -e (for incidilis from inc.ido), cut ; 
subst., incile As, 11. a ditch or canal for carry- 
ing off nuter ; fig., tamquara in quodam incili 
jam omnia adhaeseruut, ap. Cic. 

incllo, 1. to blame, scold, rebuke, Lucr. 

incingo -cinxi -einctuin, 3. to surround, en- 
girdle ; inciuctus cinctu Gabino, Liv. ; transf., 
. urbes moeiiibus, Ov. 

incino, 3. (in and cano), to sing, Prop. 

lncipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (in and capio), to 
begin, commence. I. Transit,, A. Gen. with acsa, 
pugiiam, Liv. ; with infin., bella gercre, Cic. ; 
absol., nt incipiendi ratio fieret, Cic. B. to 
begin to speak; sic statim rex incipit, Sail. II. 
lut l-ansit. , to commence; turn incipere ver arbi- 
trabatnr, Cic. 

inclpisso, 3. (incipio), to begin, commence, 
Plaut. 

incise and Inclsim, adv. (iiicldo), in short, 
disconnected sentences ; dicere, Cic. 

incisio -onis, f. (iacido), a dioision or clause 
of a sentence, Cic. 

inoisum -i, n. (incido), a division of a sen- 
tence, Cic. • ' 
- inoisura -ac, f. (incido), a cutting into, in- 
cision, Plin. 

Incitamentum -i, n. (incito), itn Incitement, 

inducement, incentive; incitamentum pericul- 
orum et laboriini, Cic. 

1 incltate, adv. (incitatus), hastily, violently ; 
incitatius fern, fiuere, of speech, Cic. 

incltatio -onis, f. (incito), an inciting, in- 
stigating exciting. I. Act., languentis populi, 
•Cic. II. Pass. A. violent motion ; sol tanta 
iucitatioue fertur, Cic. B. Transf., excitement, 
ardour, energy, vehemence; auimi, Cues.; mentis, 
Cic. 

incitatus -a -nm, p. adj. (from incito). A. 
rapid, vehement ; equo incitato, at full gallop, Cic. 
B. Transf., cursus in oratione incitatior, Cic. 

incito, 1. to put into rojiid motion, urge, on, 
to hasten. I. A. Lit.,, equos,- Cacs. ; prow, in- 
citare currentem, to spur the willing horse, Cic. ; 
reft, se incitare, or middle incitari, to quicken 
one's pace, to hasten ; alii ex castria se incitant, 
Cacs. B. Transf.,- to incite, rouse, urge, sj}iir on; 
1, animos, ingenium, Cic; Caesarem ad id heli- 
um, Caes. ; 2, a, to inspire; terrae vis Pythiam 
incitabat, Cic. ; b, to incite, make hostile, stir 
up J. aliquem in aliquem, Cic II. to increase ; 
1, amuis incitatus pluviis, Liv. ; 2, to enluincc ; 
eloquendi celeritatem, Cic. 

1. incitus -a -nm (in and cieo), in rapid 
motion, rapid, swift, Verg. 

2. incitus -a -um (in and cieo), immovable; 
esp. used of a piece in the game of draughts, 
Plaut. 

lncivilis -e, unjust, tyrannical, Eutr. 
inclamito, 1. (intens. of inclamo), to call 
out against, Plaut. 

inclamo, 1. to call upon loudly; 1, generally, 
•a-liquem- nomine,. Liv. ; eouiitem .suum Memet 
.et saepius, Cic; with dat., Albanus excreitus 
ihclamat Curiatiis, uti oppm ferant fratri. Liv.; 
\2, tn'cnll upon for help ; nemo ioclaniavit patro- 
'n'irrt.Cic. .- ■ .'. ' ■ . -,, ^. 
", Inclaresco -clarui; 3. to become illustrious, 
Tac • v . " . • . " . 

■- Inclemena -entis, •unmerciful, not dement, 
Htmh, rough; dictator, Liv. ; inclemei!tiori verbo 
appellare, Liv. 

inclena-'-ntSr, adv. with cempar. (in- 
tremens), harshly, wnmeroi fully, rigorously; in- 
flem«Htu3 invehi iu aliquem, Liv. 



inclcmentia -ae, f. (inclemens), nnmerci- 
fulness, rigour, harshness; divuiu, Vorg. 

inclinatio -onis, f. (inclino), a leaning, 
bending, inclination. I. Lit., A. corporis, Cic. 
B. change of the voice, Cic II. Transf., 1, a 
mental leaning, inclination ; ad meliorem spcill, 
Cic; 2, a, inclination of will, good-will, liking; 
voluntatis, Cic; b, change, alteration; teni- 
porum, Cic. 

incllnatus -a -um, p. adj. (from inclino), sunk. 
I. Lit., of the voice, low, deep; vox, Cic II. 
Transf., 1, sunken, fallen; fortuna, Cic; 2, 
inclined towards, favourable to ; ad pacem, Liv. 

inclino, 1. (in and clino = kKlvco), to bend, 
bow, lean, incline. I. Act., A. Lit., genua 
arenis, Ov. ; inalos,-f/ie masts, Liv. B. Trans!'., 

1, to incline, turn away; omnem culpam in 
aliquem, to lay the blame on, Cic. ; haec animuni 
inclinant ut credam, induce me to believe, Liv. ; 

2, a, to cause to decline, change for the. loorsr ; 
omnia simul inclinante fortuna, Liv. ; b, to 
decide, give a decisive turn to; fraus rem inclin- 
avit, Liv. II. Red., se inelinare or simply 
inclinare, or middle inclinari, to bend, incline. 
A. Lit., 1, of an arm}-, to waver, yield; acies 
inclinatur or inclinat, Liv. ; 2, of the sun, or of 
time ; inolinato in pomeridianum tempus die, 
turning towards evening, Cic B. Transf., 1, 
paululuni inclinari tiniore, to waver, Cic. ; 2, a, 
to incline in opinion : ad Stoicos, Cic; sententia 
senatua inclinat ad pacem, Cic. ; with ut and 
the subj., Liv. ; b, to be favourable to; pluribus 
hisce, Hoi - . 

includo -clusi -clusum, 3. (in and cludo, 
claudo). I. to shut up, shut in, enclose. A. Of 
personal objects, parietibus deos, Cic; aliquem 
iu cella Coucordiae, Cic. B. Of inanimate ob- 
jects, 1, a, to insert; embleniata in scaphis 
aureis, Cic. ; verba versu, Cic. ; b, to surround ; 
suras auro, Verg.; to insert as an episode; ali- 
quid orationi, Cic II. to obstruct, hinder, stop; 
vocem, Cic. 

inclusio -onis, f. (includo), a shutting up, 
confinement, Cic. 

inclytus (incliitus, inclitus) -a -um (in 
and clueo), celebrated, famous, renowned ; populi 
regesqne, Liv. ; leges Solonis, Liv. 

1. incoctus -a-uin (in and coqno), uncooked, 
raw, Plaut. 

2. incoctus -a -um, partic. of incoquo. 
incogitabilis -e, thoughtless, inconsiderate, 

Plaut. _ 

incogltans -antis, inconsiderate, Ter. 

incogitantia -ae, f. (incogitans), thoughtless- 
ness, heedlessness, Plaut. 

incogitatus -a -um, inconsiderate, Flant. 

incogito, 1. to contrive, plan; fraudem socio, 
Hor. 

incognitus -a -um. I. unknown. A. lie 
incognita pro cognitis habeamus, Cic. B. Legal 
t.t. , not examined; incognita re judicare, Cic. 
II. unclaimed, Liv. 

incohlbeo, 2. to hold together, Lucr. 

incola -ae, c. (incolo), an inhabitant, dweller 
in anyplace. I. Gen. A. Of personSj Pythag- 
orei incolae paene nostri, our fellow-countrymen, 
Cic; with genit., mundi, Cic. ;' jtioet., incola 
turba, votive-, Ov. B. Of animals, aquarura 
incolae, Cic. C. Of winds, native; aquilones. 
Hor II, Esp. = pLtroiKOs, a resident without fill 
'ciyic right?, Cic. • . - 

, Incolo -colui, -cultum, 3. I. Transit, to 
if, dwell in; eas urbes, Cic. ; partic. sun:;t., 
incdientes -lum. m.'rte" inhabitants, Liv. II, 
Intvansit., to dwell ; inter marc Alpesque, Li". 

IncSliimia -o (hi and 'columia, from "o.eliqv 



mc 



271 



inc 



uninjured, safe and sound, vjithout damage, Cic. ; 
haves, Caes. ; with ab and the abl., incolumis 
a calaniitate, Cic. 

incolumitas -atis, f. (incolumis), safety, 
soundness, good condition, preservation; mundi, 
Cic. ; inculumitatem deditis polliceri, Caes. 

incomitdtus -a -urn (in and comitor), un- 

accomjxinied, without retinue, alone, Verg. 

incommendatus -a-uin, given tip to, aban- 
doned; tellus iiieomniendata ventis, Ov. 

Incommode, adv. (incommodus), Inconven- 
iently, unfitly, unsuitably, unseasonably ; venire, 
Cic. ; incommodius mecuin actum est, Cic. ; in- 
commodissime navigare, Cic. 

incommodltas -atis, f. (incommodus), in- 
convenience, unsuitableness, disadvantage ; incom- 
moditas alienati illius animi, Cic; temporis, 
unseasonableness, Liv. 

incommodo, 1. (incommodus), to be -un- 
pleasant, burdensome, troublesome to any one, to 
incommode ; with dat, inimicis, Cic. ; nihil alteri, 
Cic. 

incommodum, v. incommodus. 

incommodus -a -um, inconvenient, unsuit- 
able, unfit, troublesome, disagreeable. I. Adj., a, 
of things, valetudo, ill-health, Cic. ; conipar., 
non incommodiorelocoquam, etc., Cic. ; superl., 
res eius incommodissimae, Cic. ; b, of persons, 
troublesome, annoying ; alicui incommodum esse, 
Cic. II. Subst, incommodum -i, n., a, 
disadvantage; incommodo tuo, Cic; b, injury, 
'misfortune; commoveri incommodo valetudiuis 
tuae, Ciu. ; incommodo aftici, Cic. ; alicui incom- 
modum fevre, Cic. ; incommodum capere or 
accipere, Cic. 

incommutabilis -e, unchangeable ; reipub- 
licae status, Cic. 

incomparabilis -e, incomparable, Plin. 

incompertus -a -um (in and comperio), 

unknown, not ascertained, uncertain; inter cetera 
vetustate incompcrta, Liv. 

incomposite, adv. (incompositus), in a dis- 
orderly manner; hostis negligenter et incom- 
posite veniens, Liv. 

incompositus -a -um, disordered, disor- 
derly, irregular; 1, agnien, Liv. ; hostes, Liv. ; 
2, transf., of style, nempe incomposito pede 
currerc versus Lucili, Hor. 

incomprehensibllis -e, that cannot be un- 
derstood, incomprehensible, Quint. 

incomptUS -a -um, a, unleaded, itnlrimmed ; 
capilli, Hor.; b, rude, artless, Tac; of stylo, 
without ornament, rude, rough ; oratio, Cic ; 
versus, Verg. 

inconcessus -a -uin (in and eoncedo), not 
allowed, forbidden ; hymenaei, Verg. 

inconcilio, 1, to win artfully to one's own side, 
Plant, 

inconcinnus -a -um, awkward, inelegant; 
qui in aliquo genere inconcinnus ct stultus est, 
Cic. 

inconcussus -a -um, unshaken, firm; pax, 
Tac. 

incondite, adv. (inconditus), confusedly; 
versus Giaecos dicere, Cic 

inconditus -a -um (in and condo), disorderly, 
confused, irregular ; acies, Liv.; jus civile, un- 
arranged, Cic. ; genus dicendi, Cic. 

incongruens -6ntis, not agreeing, ur.svif 
b'ole, Plin. 

inconsiderantla -ae, f. (in and considero), 
thoughtlessness, inconeiderateness, Cic, 

incpr«3?derato, adv. (incoMlderatus), with- 



out consideration, rashly, inconsiderately ; agere, 
Cic. ; dicere, Cic. 

inconsideratus -a -um, 1, thoughtless, in- 

considerate, Cic. ; 2, unadvised, unconsidered ; 
cupiditas, Cic. 

inconsolabills -c,- inconsolable; transf., 
vuluus, incurable, Ov. 

inconstans -stantis, changeable, unstable, 
inconstant ; mini ridicule es visus esse inconstans, 
Cic 

inconstanter, adv. (inconstans), incon- 
staidly, inconsistently, capriciously ; loqai, Cic; 
haec incoustantissime dicuutur, Cic. 

inconstantia -ae, f. (inconstans), change- 
ableness, instability, inconstancy ; mentis, Cic 

inconsulte, adv. (inconsultus), inconsider- 
ately, unadvisedly ; inconsulte ac temere, Cic 

1. inconsultus -a -um (in and consulo), 1, 
not consulted; inconsulto senatu, Liv. ; 2, with- 
out advice, unadvised; inconsulti adeunt, Verg. ; 
3, inconsiderate, imprudent, indiscreet; homo 
inconsultus et temerarius, Cic. ; ratio, Cic 

2. inconsultus -us, m. (in and consulo), tlie 
not asking advice, Plaut. 

inconsumptus -a -um, unconsumed, undi- 
minished, Ov. 

incontaminatus -a -um, (in and con- 
tamino), unspotted, unpolluted, uncontamuiated, 
Liv. 

incontentus -a -um (in and contendo), not 
stretched; lides, out of tune, Cic. 

incontinens -entis, Incontinent, immoderate, 
intemperate ; Tityos, Hor. ; inanus, Hor. 

incontmenter, adv. (incontinens), immod- 
erately, incontinently; nihil incontiuenter fac- 
ere, Cic. 

incontinentia -ac, f. (incontinens), incon- 
tinence, intemperance, Cic. 

incontroversus -a -um, ^incontroverted, 
undisputed, Cic. 

inconvenlens -entis, not agreeing with, dis- 
similar; facta, ap. Cic. 

incoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. to boil in or with. 

A. radices Baccho, Verg. B. to dye, colour; 
vellcra Tyrios incocta rubores, Verg. 

incorrectus -a -um, unamended, unim- 
proved, Ov. 

incorrupte, adv. (mcon-uptus), incorruptty, 
justly, impartially ; judicare, Cic. 

incorruptus -a -um, not corrupted. I. Lit., 
sanguis, Cic ; templa, not destroyed, Liv. ; in- 
corrupta sanitate esse, Cic. II. Transf., incor- 
rupt, unbribed, genuine, uninjured, unimpaired : 
testis, Cic. ; virgo, pure, Cic. ; judicium, up- 
right, Liv. ; intcgritas Latini sermonis, Cic. 

increbresco -crebrvii, 3., and increbesco 

-crcbui, 3. to become frequent, strong, prevalent; to 
increase, itrevail; ventus, Cic. ; proverbio, to be- 
come a proverb, Liv. ; quum hoc neseio quo 
modo increbruisset, with ace and inhu., Cic. 

incredibilis -e, 1, a, incredible; auditu, 
Cic. ; dictu, Cic ; memoratu, Sail. ; b, extra- 
ordinary ; ndes, Cic. ; via ingenii, Cic. ; 2, not 
worthy of belief (of persons), Plant. 

inorediblllter, adv. (incredibilis). in' 
credibly, extraordinarily; del6ctari, Cic; per- 
timescere, Cic. 

incredulus -a -um, incredulous, Hor. 

lncr omentum -i, n, (incresco), the growth 
of plants or animals. I. A. Lit., VitiUlG, Cic. 

B. Transf., urbis, Liv. II. Meton., 1, tharfrov 
or by wh]oh anything gruwi, increase: lucre' 
nioifio pjultitudlnia, Liv,; dentcs popullln* 



inc 



272 



me 



cretnenta futuri, the seed, Ov. ; 2, poet=o/- 
tpring ; Jovis, Verg. 

increpito, 1. (intens. of inerepo). I. In- 
transit., to call loudly to any one ; turn Bitiae 
dedit increpitans, Verg. II. Transit, to cry 
to, reproach, chicle; aliqnem, Verg.; increpitare 
vocibus quod, etc., Cats.; increpitare Belgas qui 
(with subj.), Cues. ; pertinaciam praetoris, Liv. 

inerepo -fii (-avi) -Hum (-Stum), 1. I. In- 
transit. A. to rustle, rattle, whiz, rush, make a 
noise ; 1, discus increpuit, Cic. ; 2, to he noised 
abroad, become known; simulatquc increpuit 
suspicio tninultus, Cic. ; quicquid increpuerit, 
Catilinani timeri, Cic. B. to call upon; in- 
crepat ultro, Verg. C. Witli in and the ace, to 
slander, revile; in Fulvi siniilitudineiu nominis, 
Liv. II. Transit., A. to cause tv sound, cause 
to be heard ; lyram, Ov.; tubaingeutem souituni, 
Verg. B. a, to exclaim against, to blame, up- 
braid, chide, reproach, rebuke, reprove ; Tulliura 
nomine, Liv.; aliqnem gravitcr quod, etc., Liv.; 
with ace. and intin., to shout out insultingly; 
siniul increpante qui vulneraverat habere quaest- 
oreni, Liv.; with rel. sent., quum undique duces, 
victisne cessuri essent, increparent, Liv. ; b, to 
animate, excite ; morantes aei is rauci canor in- 
Crepat, Verg.; c, to throw in one's teeth, to re- 
proach a person with, to blame for; pel lidiam, Cic. 

ilicresco -crevi, 3. I. to grow in anything ; 
squamae cuti increscunt, Ov. II. to grow. 

A. (ferrea seges) jaculis incrcvit acutis, Verg. 

B. Transf., increscit certamen, Liv. 
incretus -a -mn, partic. of incerno. 
incruentatus -a -um (in and cruento), not 

bloody, not stained with blood, Ov. 

incruentus -a -um, bloodless; proelium, 
victoria, Liv.; excrcitus, that has lost no soldiers. 
Sail. 

incrusto, 1. to cover with a Hud, encrust ; 
vas siiieeruiu, to bedaub, Hor. 

incubatfo -unis, f. (incubo), a sitting upon 
egys, incubution, Plin. 

incubo -avi -atum and -ui -itum, 1. to lie in 
or on. I. Gen., stramentis, Hor. ; cortici, Liv. 
II. A. to pass the night in a temple to receive a 
divine message or cure of a disease ; in Pasiphaae 
fauo, Cic. B. 1, lit , of birds, to sit on or hatch 
egg-i, to brood; nidis, Ov. ; 2, transf., to brood 
over, enrii'stly watch over ; pecuniae, Cic; auro, 
divittis, Verg. C. I stay in a place ; Erymantho, 
Ov. D. Transf., pouto nox incubat atra, settles 
on, Verg. 

incudo -cudi -cusum, 3. to forge, fabricate ; 
lapis incusus, a sharpened stone for a handmill, 
Verg. 

lnculco, 1. (in and calco), to trample in. A. 

to foist in, mix in ; Giaeca verba, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to impress -upon, inculcate; tiadatur 
vel ctiam iuculcetnr, Cic; with ut and the 
BUbJ., Cic; 2, to force upon, obtrude upon; sc 
alicuius auribus, Cic. 

inoulpatus -a -um (in anil culpo), unblamed, 
blameless, Ov. 

inculte,ad\. (1. incultus), 1, roughly, rudely; 
viveie, Cic; incultius agerc or agitare, Lie; 
2 } of orators, inelegantly, without refinement; 
dicere, Cic 

1. Incultus -a -um, uncultivated, untitled. 
I. Lit., A. ager, Cic ijubst,, inculta -oruni, 
n. wastes, deserts, Verg. B. unarranged, dis- 
ordered, untidy; comae, uncombed, Ov.; homines 
intonsi etincidti, Liv. II. Transf., unpolished, 
vnrefinsd, unadorned, rudt; homo, without 
alucation, Sail. ; inculta atque rusticana parsi- 
inonia, Hor.; versus, rough, unpolished, Hor. 

2. Incultus -us, in. neglect, want of cultiva- 



tion ; suos honores desertos per iucultum ct 
uegligentiam, Liv. 

incumbo -cObili -cubitum, 3. to lie upon, 
recline or lean upon, bend to. I. Lit., A. remis, 
to ply, Verg.; cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper, 
Liv.; in gladium, Cic; ejecto (equiti), to rush on, 
Verg. B. Esp., 1, a, milit. 1. 1., to throw oneself 
upon the enemy; suo et anuiiriim pondere in 
hostem, Liv. ; b, to press hard on ; in aliqnem, 
Cic; 2, of things, a, to overhang; laurus in- 
cuiubens arae, Verg. ; b, to burst upon, attack ; 
tempestas incubuit silvis, Verg. II. Transf., 
A. tc apply oneself to anything, exert oneself, take 
pains witli, bend one's mind to; in belluni, Caes. ; 
in aliquod .; ...nun, Cic; ad laudem, Cic; 
novae cogitationi, Tac ; with ueut. ace, liaec 
ineuinbe, Cic; with intin., Verg.; with subj., 
Liv. B. to press heavily upon; ut jam in- 
clinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio, Cic 

incunabiila -drum, n. 1. swaddling-clothes, 
Plaut. II. Meton., 1, birthplace; incunabula 
nostra, Cic; 2, origin, commencement, begin- 
ning; incunabula uostrae vcteris puerilisque 
doetiinae, Cic. 

incuratus -a -um, uncared for, unheeded; 
ulcera, Hor. 

incuria -ae, f. (in and cura), carelessness, 

neglect, negligence, indifference; alicuius rci, 
Cic. 

incuriose, adv. with conipar. (incuriosus), 
negligently, carelessly; agere, Liv. 

incuriosus -a -uni. I. Act, careless, negli- 
gent; serendis frugibus, Tac. II. Pass., neg- 
lected, careless; tinis, Tac 

incurro -curri (cucurri) -cursnm, 3. I. to 
■run purjiosely against something. A. Lit, 1, 
incurrere in columnas, prov., to run one's head 
against a stone wall, Cic; 2, as milit. t t, a, 
to assail, attack; in Romanos, Liv.; with dat., 
levi ainiaturae hostium, Liv.; with simple ace, 
hostium latus, Liv. ; b, to make an incursion 
into; in Macedonian^ Liv. B. Transf., to at- 
tack, to inveigh against; in tribunos militares, 
Liv. II. to run accidentally against. A. Lit, 
iiiL-urrere atque incidcre in aliqnem, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, in oculos, to meet the eye, Cic ; 2, 
of places, to border on ; privati agri, qui in pub- 
licum Cumanum incurrebaut, Cic ; 3, of per- 
sons, a, to stumble on something ; inaliquid,Cic; 
b, to fall into any evil or misfortune; in inorbos, 
Cic. ; in odia homiuum, to incur the hatred of 
men, Cic. ; 4, of time, events, etc., a, tohappen, 
occur; incurruut tempora, Cic; to happen, hap- 
pen to; casus qui in sapienteui potest incidcre, 
may fall to the lot of tht wife, Cic. ; nee ulla est 
disputatio, in quam non aliquis locus incunat, 
does nut occur, Cic. ; b, to fall on a certain time; 
in oliuuein diem, Cic. 

incursio -ouis, f. (incurro), 1, a. running 
against, collision ; atoiuorum, Cic; 2," hostile 
attack ; incursioatque impetus annaloi um, Cic. ; 
as milit t. t., an inroad, invasion ; incuisioneni 
facerc in tines RomailOS, Liv. 

incUTSO, 1. (illlcns. of incurro). I. to run 
against, strike again*/, attack. A. Lit, in agmcii 
Romauiim, Liv.; agios Ilmuaiios, to make an 
incursion into, Liv. B. Transf., incursabat in 
te dolor, Cic. II. to run against; rupibus, 
Ov. 

incursus -us, m. (incurro), an attack, as- 
sault, a pressing upon, incursion, influx. I, 
Lit., a, of things, aquaruin, Ov. ; b, oi persons 
and animals, host I. ^ attack; luporuni, Verg.; 
esp. as milit t t., aditus atque incursus ad 
defendendurn, Caes. II. Transf., incursus 
animus varios habet, efforts, plans, Ov. 

incurvo, 1. (incurvus), to bend, curve, make 



inc 



273 



ind 



crooked ; bacillum, Cic. ; arcum, Veig. ; membra 
lncurvata dolore, Ov. 

incurvus -a -urn, bent, curved, crooked; 
bacillum, Cic. 

incus -cudis, f. (iueudo), an anvil, Cic. ; 
prov., uno opere eandem inciideni noctem diem- 
que tundere, to be always hammerimg at the same 
tiling, to be always engaged in the same occu- 
pation, Cic. 

incusatio -oni.s, f. (iucuso), blame, reproach, 
accusation, Cic. 

incuso, 1. (in and causa), to accuse, blame, 
reproach, find fault with : aliquem, Caes. ; 
quietem African] nostri somniantis, Cic. ; with 
ace. and inlin., Liv. ; in pass., with nom. and 
infin., Tac; with rel. sent., Verg. 

inoussus, only in abl. -u, in. (incutio), a 
beating ov dashing against; arinorum, Tac. 

incustoditus -a -urn (in and custodio). I. 
unmatched, unguarded; ovile, Ov. ; urbs, Tac. 
II. Transf., 1, not observed, neglected; obser- 
vatio dieruni, Tac; 2, unconcealed ; amor, Tac. 

incutio -cussi -cussum, y. (in aud quatio), 
to strike, dash, beat against. I. Lit., scipioiiem 
in caput aliuuius, Liv. II. A. to throw, hurl ; 
tela saxaque, Tac. B. to strike into, inspire 
■with, excite, produce; terrorem alicui, Cic; re- 
ligionem ammo, Liv. ; desiderium urbis, Hor. 

indagatio -onis, f. (1. indago), an inquiry, 
investigation ; veri, Cic; initiorum, Cic. 

indagator -oris, m. (1. indago), an inves- 
tigator, explorer, Plaut. 

indagatrix -tricis, f. (indagator), she who 
searches into or explores ; philosophia indagatrix 
virtutis, Cic. 

1. indago, 1. 1, to follow a trail or scent, to 
track; canis natus ad indagandum, Cic; 2, 
transf., to search out, explore, investigate ; in- 
dicia, Cic. ; with rel. sent., quid cuique esset 
neccsse, Cic. 

2. indago -inis, f. 1, a surrounding of any 
spot with nets or beaters so as to enclose the game; 
saltus indagiue ciugere, Verg. ; velut indagiue 
dissipatos Samuites agere, Liv.; 2, investiga- 
tion, research, inquiry, rhu. 

inde, adv. (from is, with adverbial ending), 
thence, from there, from tluit place. I. Of space, 
lion exeo inde ante vesperunl, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. a, from thence, from that cause; inde (i.e., 
ex audacia) omnia scelera gignuntur, Cic. ; b, 
from thence,- of persons, quod inde oriundus 
ciat, Liv. B. Of time, a, then, thereupon, Caes.; 
b, from that time forth, Cic. ; c, with ab and 
tin; abl., from ; jam inde a principio, Liv. 

indebitUS -a -urn (in and debeo), thai which 
is not owed, not due ; noil indubita posco, Verg. 

indecens -ceutis, unbecoming, unseemly, 
ugly, unsightly, Mart. 

indficenter, adv. (iudecens), unbecomingly, 
indecently, Mart. 

indeclinatUS -a -um (iu and decliuo), un- 
changed, firm ; aniicilia, Ov. 

indecore, adv. (indecorus), unbecomingly, 
indecorously ; l'acere, Cic. 

indecoris -e, unbecoming, inglorious, shame- 
ful, Verg.^ 

indecoro, 1. to disgrace, dishonour, Hor. 

indecorus -a -um, unbecoming ; a, of out- 
ward appearance, unseemly, unsightly; motus, 
Liv.; b, morally, indecorous, disgraceful; si 
nihil malum, nisi quod turpe, inhouestum, in- 
decorum, pravuin, Cic. ; indecorum est, with 
Infin., C : \ 

indexensus -a -um (in and defeudo), un- 



defended, unprotected ; Capua deserta indefen- 
saque, Liv. 

indefessus -a -um, unwearied, untired, 
Verg. _ 

indefletus -a -um (in and derleo), unwept, 
Ov. 

indejectus -a -um (in and dejicio), not 
thrown down, Ov. 

indelebllis -e (in and deleo), imperishable, 
indelible; nomen, Ov. 

indellbatus -a -um (in and delibo), «»"- 
touched, uninjured, undiminished, Ov. 

indemnatUS -a -um (in and damnatus, 
from daiuno), uncondemnned ; cives, Cic. 

indeploratus -a -um (in and deploro), tw- 
wept, unlamentcd, Ov. 

indeprehensus (indeprensus) -a -um 

(in and deprehendo or deprendo), undiscovered, 
unobserved ; error, Verg. 

indesertUS -a -um, not forsaken, Ov. 

indestriotus -a -um (in aud destringo), un- 
touched, unhurt, Ov. 

indetonsua -a -um (in and detondeo), un- 
shorn, Ov. 

lndevitatus -a -um (in and devito), tin- 
avoided; telum, Ov. 

index -dicis, c. (indlco). I. Lit, A. one 
who informs or discloses, Cic. B. In a bad sense, 
«;i informer, traitor, spy, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
Of things, that which informs, a sign, token; vox- 
index stultitiae, Cic; index digitus, Hor., or 
simply index, Cic, the fore-finger. B. 1, thetitle 
or inscription on a book ; libri, Cic. ; also on a 
statue, Liv. ; 2, a touch-stone, Ov. 

Indi -orum, in. ('Iv&oi), the inhabitants oj 
India, the Indians; sing., Indus -i, iu. an 
Indian; collective, Verg., Ov., and = an ele- 
phant-driver, mahout, Liv. ; poet., a,= Aethiop- 
ian, Verg.; b,=Arabian, Ov. Hence, A. India 
-ae, f. i'lvSCa), India. B. IndlCUS -a -um 
(IfSiKos), Indian. C. Indus -a -um ('It-ios), 
Indian ; dens, ivory, Ov. ; conchae, pearls, Prop. 

indicatio -ouis, f. (iudico), a setting a price 
upon anything, a valuing, Plaut. 

1. indicens -entis (in and dico), that does 
not say; me indiceute, without my saying a 
word, Liv. 

'J. indicens, partie. of iudico. 

indicium -ii, n. (index). L a discovery, 
disclosure. A. Lit., con.juiationis, Cic; in- 
dicia expouerc et edere, Cic. ; protiteri, to make 
a confession before the judge, Sail. B. Transf., a, 
permission to confess; indicium postulare, Cic. ; 
b, a reward for giving evidence; partem indicii 
accipere, Cic. II. a mark, sign, token, evidence ; 
sceleris, Cic. ; indicio esse, to be a sign of, serve 
to show, Ncp. 

1. indico, l.(intens. of 2. iudico), to disclose, 
declare, reveal, make known, betray, show, in- 
dicate. I. Gen., rem deminae, Cic. ; dolorem 
l.u'iimis, Cic. ; vultus iudicut mores, Cic. ; se 
indicarc, to reveal one's own nature, Cic; in 
pass., with nom. and inrin., Cic. ; with rel. 
sent., Cic. II. A. to inform against, give evi- 
dence about; couscios, Cic. B. to put a price 
on, value; fuuduin alicui, Cic. 

2. indioo -dixi -dictum, 3. to make publicly 
known, announce, proclaim, fix, appoint. A. 
Gen., alicui bellum, to declare war, Cic; com- 
itia, Liv.; diem comitiis, Liv. ; exercitum Aqui- 
leiam, order to, Liv. ; with ut and the subj., Liv. 
B. to impose; tributum, Liv. 

1. indictus -a -um (in and dico), not said, 
unsaid, A, Lit., indictis carminibus uostris, 



incl 



274 



ind 



unsung, Verg. B. Esp., without a trial, with- 
out a hearing; aliquem capitis condemnare, Cic. 

2. indictus -a -urn, partic. of 2. indico. 

Indious -a -uin, v. Indi. 

intlidern, adv. (inde and idem), 1, from the 
same place, from that very place ; indidein Amelia, 
Cic. ; 2, trausf., from the same matter, Cic. 

indiffcrens -entis (in and differo), ?'ii- 
different (= a&id<t>opov), neither good nor bad, Cic. 

indlgena -ae, c. (iudu and geno), native, 
belonging to one's oihi country ; ana subst. (opp. 
advena), a native; lie majores quideni eorum 
indigenas, scd udvenas Italiae cultores, Liv. ; 
of animals, bos, aper, Ov t . 

indlgena, v. indigeo. 

indigentia -ae, f. (indigeo), 1, want, need, 
Cic. ; 2, insatiable desire, Cic. 

indigeo -ui, 2. (indu — iu and egeo). I. to 
want, need, stand in need of, suffer want of; 
with genit., Ncp. ; witli abl., iis rebus quae ad 
oppugnationeni castrorum sunt usui, Caes. 
Subst., lndigens -entis, m. a needy person, 
Cic. II. to need, require; with genit., tui con- 
silii, Cic; with abl., cohortatioue non indigere, 
Cic. 

1. Indiges -getis, m. (iudu = in and geno), 
1 native deity, esp. Aeneas and the descendants of 
Aeneas, the fabled ancestors of the Romans. Sing., 
Jieiteas, Verg. ; plui'., the descendants of Aeneas, 
Liv., Verg. 

2. indiges -is (indigeo), needy, ap. Cic. 

indigestus -a -um (in and digero), dis- 
ordered, confused, unarranged ; chaos rudis 
indigestaqiie moles, Ov. 

Indigetes -um, m.. v. Indiges. 

indignabundus -a -um (iudignor), filled 
Kith indignation, greatly indignant, Liv. 

indignandus -a -um (partic. of iudignor), 
deserving indignation., to be scorned, Ov. 

indignans -antis, p. adj. (from iudignor), im- 
patient, indignant ; verba, Ov. 

indignatlo -onis, f. (iudignor), 1, indigna- 
tion, disdain; indignationom movere, Liv.; 2, 
the rhetorical exciting of indignation, Cic. 

indigne, adv. (indignus). I. unworthily, 
disgracefully, dishonourably, undeservedly; in- 
dignissime cervices frangere civium Roiuan- 
oruni, Cic. II. impatiently, unwillingly, indig- 
nantly; indigne pati, with aec. and infill., Cic; 
indigne ferre, with quod and the subj., Cic 

indignitas -atis, f. (indignus), 1, vnworthi- 
ne*s, vileness ; honiinis, aeeusatoris, Cic; 2, 
trausf., a, unworthy behaviour, meanness, indig- 
nity, baseness; hominuni insolentium, Cic; 
omnes indignitates pcrfcrrc, Cic. ; b, nieton., 
indignation at unworthy treatment, Cic. 

indignor, 1. dcp. (indignus), to consider as 
unworthy or unbecoming, take as an indignity, 
be offended, indignant at ; aliquid, Cic. ; pro 
aliqiio, Ov. ; foil, by quod, Caes.; by ace and 
intin., Caes. ; transf. of things, pontem indig- 
natus Araxes, Verg. 

indignus -a -um. : I, wiworthy, not deserv- 
ing; a, with abl., omni hoaore indignissimus, 
Cic ; b, with genit., magnorum avorum, Verg.; 
e> with supine, id auditu dicere indignura esse, 
Liv.; d, with rel. ient., indigni erant qui im- 
petrarent, to ohlain > Cic. ; e, with ut and the 
subj., Liv.; f, with infin., Ov., Hor.; g, 
absol., divitiae quivis, quamvis indignus, habere 
potest, Cic. II. Transf., unworthy, unbecoming; 
a, with abl.. mdignum eet sapientis gravitate 
et uonstantla defendere, Cic ; b, abaol,, vn- 
yorthy = disgraceful, shameful ; hoc into sol non 



quidquam vidit indignius, Cic; indignuiii est, 
witli intin. or ace and intin., it is unsuitable, 
inappropriate; non indignum videtur memorare, 
Sail.; it is iinworthy, disgraceful, shameful; in- 
dignum est a pari vinci aut superiore, Cic ; 
facinus indignum or indignum facinus, with 
intin. or ace and infin. as an exclamation, it 
would be disgraceful ; facinus indignum ! epis- 
tulam neininem reddidisse, Cic. 

indlgus -a -um (indigeo), needy, in want of; 
with genit., nostrae opis, Verg.; with abl., 
auxilio, Lucr. 

indiligens -entis, neglectful, negligent, heed- 
less, Caes. 

indiligenter, adv. with compar. (in- 
diligens), carelessly, heedlessly, negligently, Cic. 

indiligentia -ae, f. (indiligens), carelessness, 
negligence; Aeduorum, Caes. ; litterarum amiss- 
arum, Cic; vev\,inthe investigation of truth, Tac 

indipiscor -deptus sum, 3. dep. (indu and 
apiscor), 1, to reach, grasp, attain; in dep turn esse 
navem manu ferrea injecta, Liv. ; 2, to obtain, 
attain, get, Plaut. 

indireptus -a -um (iu and diripio), mi- 
pillaged, Tac. 

indiscrete, adv. (indiscretus), without dif- 
ference or distinction, Plin. 

indiscretus -a -um (in and discerno), 1, 
unsevered-, undivided., Tac. ; 2, undistinguished, 
indistinguishable, without difference; proles in- 
discreta suis, Verg. 

indiserte,adv.(indisertus),i)if?o5ueTif?^, Cic. 

indisertus -a -um, ineloquent; homo, Cic. 

indispositUS -a-um, disorderly, unarranged, 
confused, Tac. 

indissolubilis -e, indissoluble ; iinniortak-s 
el indissolubiles, Cic. 

indissolutus -a -um (in and dissolvo), un- 
dissolved, Cic. 

indistinctus -a -um, 1, not separated, not 
arranged, Cat. ; 2, transf., unarranged, con- 
fused, indistinct, obscure, Tac 

individiius -a -um, 1, indivisible ; corpora, 
atoms, monads of tlie Democritean system, Cic. ; 
subst, indlvidiium -i, n. an atom, Cic. ; 2, 
inseparable, Tac 

indivisus -a -um (in and divide), undivided, 
Plin. 

indo -didi -ditum, 3. I, to put in or on, srt 
or place -in or on. A. Lit., aliqnent lecticae, 
Tac. B. Transf., 1, to introduce ; novos ritus, 
Tac. ; 2, to cause, occasion ; alicui pavoreni, Tnc. 
II. to place on something. A. Lit., castella 
rupibus, Tac B, to give, impose a name ; with 
dat. of the name, Snperbo ei Romae inditum 
cognomen, Liv. 

indocllis -c. I. A. that cannot be taught, 
that, learns with difficulty, untcujchahle, indocile; 

I, lit., homo, Cic ; with intin., pauperism pati, 
Hor. ; 2, ignorant, inexperienced; genus, Cia 
B. that cannot be learned ; usus disciplina, Cic 

II. untaught, unshown; via, Frop. ; numerus, 
artless, Ov. 

indocte, adv. (indoUus), ignorantly, in a.». 
unlearned or Inexperienced manner; fiuere, Cic. 

indoctUQ -a -um, untaught, unlearned, un- 
skilled, Cic; with genit., pilae discive, Hor.; 
with infin., juga ferre nostra., Hor. ; eapet indoc- 
tum, without art, Hor. 

indolentia -ae, f. (in and doleo>, freedom 
from pain, absence of pain, Cic. 

indoles -is, f. (indu and alo), 1, natural con- 
stitution or quality, nature ; wrvaru indolem (of 
plants), Liv. ; 2, of men, natural disposition, 



ind 



:/o 



ine 



talents, inclination ; adolescentes bona indole 
praediti, Cic. ; indoles virtutis or ad virtutem, 
Cic. 

indolesco -ddlui, 3. (in and doleo), to be 
pained, grieved at any thing, Cic. ; with ace. 
and infin., tarn sero se cognoscere, Cic. ; 
with abl., nostiis n-.alis, Ov. ; with neut. ace, 
id ipsum indoluit Juno, Ov. ; with quod or 
quia, Ov. 

indomabilis -e, that cannot be tamed, in- 
domitable, Pl'aut. 

indomitus -a -um (in and domo), 1, untamed, 
unrestrained, wild ; a, of persons, pastores, 
Caes. ; Mars, furious fight, Yerg.; b, transf., of 
things, cupiditas, furor, libido, Cic; 2, v.n- 
tameable, invincible; mors, Hor. ; Falernum, 
indigestible, Pers. ; ira, Verg. 

indormio -ivi -itum, 4. to sleep in or on any- 
thing ; with dat., congestis saccis, Hor. ; fig. to 
go to sleep over any occupation, be negligent in; 
with dat. or in and the abl., tantae causae, Cic; 
huic tempori, Cic. ; in isto homine eolendo tarn 
indorniivisse diu, Cic 

indotatUS -a -um, without a dowry, portion- 
less. I. Lit., soror, Hor. II. Transf., corpora, 
without funeral honours, Ov. ; ars, unadorned, 
poor, without the gift of eloquence, Cic. 

indu, archaic form of in (q.v.). 

indubitate, adv. (indubitatus), undoubtedly, 
Li v. 

indubitatus -a -um (in and dubito), un- 
doubted, not doubtful, certain, Plin. 

indubito, 1. to doubt of; with dat., suis 
viribus, Verg. 

indubius -a -uni, not doubtful, certain, Tac. 

induciae = indutiae (q.v.). 

induco -duxi -ductam, 3. I. to draw over. 
A. to draw something over something else in order 
■to cover it ; 1, gen., tectorium, Cic. ; varias plu- 
mas meinbris, Hor. ; 2, to put on articles of 
clothing, arms, etc.; mani bus caestns, Verg.; poet. 
pass, with ace, toga iuducitur artus, Verg. B.to 
cover; 1, scuta pellibus, Cass. ; 2, to erase writ- 
ing on tablets, to draw a line through; iiomiiia, 
Cic; to revoke, make invalid; senatus consul- 
tuni, locationeni, Cic. C. to bring in, to reckon 
in one's account-book; pecuniam in rationem, Cic. 
II. to lead or bring in. A. Lit., 1, inilites in 
pugnam, Liv. ; 2, esp. a, to bring into a dwell- 
ing ; in regiam habitandi causa, Caes.; b, to 
introduce or bring upon the stage or circus, pro- 
duce on the stage; gladiatores, Cic B. Transf., 
1, gen., aliquem in errorein, Cic; discordiam in 
civitateni, to introduce, Cic ; 2, aiiiinuin, or in 
aniniuni ; a, to bring one's mind to, to resolve; 
potuit inducere aniniuni, ut patrein esse sese 
oblivisceretur, Cic. ; b, to direct one's attention 
to; iu spem cogitationemque meliorem, Cic; 
3, to induce, move, excite, persuade; ad miseri- 
cord jam, ad pigendum, Cic. ; with ut and the 
subj., aliquem ut nientiatur, Cic ; with inliii., 
Tac ; absol., inductus spe, cupiditate, influenced 
by, Cic; 4, to bring in, introduce, represent in 
speaking or writing; hinc ille Gyges iuducitur 
a Platoue, Cic ; 5, to bring in, introduce a 
custom ; morem novum judicioruni in rempubli- 
cam, Cic. 

inductio -onis, f. (induco), a- leading or 
bringing to a place. A. Lit., 1, into the arena ; 
■juvenum aruiatoriuu, Liv.; 2, of water, in- 
ductiones aquarum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, animi, 
■resolve, determination, intention, Cic; 2, erroris, 
.misleading, Cic ; 3, personarum ticta inductio, 
feigned introduction of persons in a corn-position, 
Cic. ; 4, induction, Cic. 

Inductor -oiis, m. (induco), om wh) itiri 
ftp or rouse^ a chastiser. Plant. 



1. inductus -a -um (partie of induco). 

2. inductus -u, m. (induco), inducement, 
instigation ; liuius persuasu et iuductu, Cic. 

indugredior = ingredior (q.v.). 

indulgens -entis, p. adj. (from indulgeo), 
kind, tender, indulgent ; peccatis, Cic ; in cap- 
tivos, Liv. ; irarum indulgeutes lnhiistri, Liv. 

indulgenter, adv. (indulgens), kindly, ten- 
derly, obligingly, indulgently ; niiuis iudulgeuter 
loqui, Cic. 

indulgentia -ae, f. (indulgens), kindness, 
tenderness, indulgence, with obj. genit. ; corporis, 
Cic; with in and the ace, in captivos, Liv. 

indulgeo -dulsi -dultum, 2. (in and dulcis). 
I. Intransit., A. to be complaisant, forbearing, 
■Indulgent, to indulge, gratify; sibi, Cic; sic 
sibi indulsit, he allowed himself so many liberties, 
Nep. B. Transf., 1, to give oneself up to, 
indulge in; novis amicitiis, Cic; vino, Verg. ; 
ordinibus, to enlarge, Verg. ; 2, to care for, attend 
to ; valetudini, Cic ; hospitio.Verg. II. Transit., 
to give, to grant, allow, concede; alicui saiiguineui 
suiun, Liv. ; largitionem, Tac. 

induo -dui -dutum, 3.( = ivivui), toputon. I. 
Lit., alicui tunicani, Cic; pass, with abl., socci 
quibus indutus esset, Cic. ; indutusduabus quasi 
personis, with two masks, i.e., playing a double 
part, Cic. II. Transf., A. l,to clothe, surround, 
cover; dii induti specie humana, clothed in human 
form; homines in vultus ferarum, to clumge, 
Verg. ; arbor iuduit se in fiorem, Verg. ; cratera 
corona, to crown, with a garland, Verg. ; 2, to 
put on, assume ; personam judicis, Cic ; pro- 
ditorein et hostem, to play Hie part of, Tuc ; 
socielatem, seditionem, to engage in, Tac; sibi 
cognomen, Cic. B. 1, se in aliquid or alicui rei, 
to fall into, fall on; se hastis, Verg. ; 2, transf., 
to entangle oneself in, become involved with; se 
in captiones, Cic ; pass., indui confessione sua, 
to be entangled in his own confession, Cic. 

iudupedio, induperator = impedio, 
imperator (q.v.). 

indurcsco -durui, 3. to become hard. I. 
Lit., stiria induruit, Verg. II. Transf., miles 
induruerat pro Vitellio, had become confirmed in, 
attachment for Vitellius, Tac. 

induro, 1. to make hard, to harden. I. Lit., 
nivem ind; rat Boreas, Ov. II. Transf., to 
harden, to steel; induratus resistendo hostium 
timor, Liv. 

1. Indus, v. India. 

2. Indus -i, m. ("IvSot), 1, a river of India, 
now Sind; 2, a river ofPhrygia and Caria. 

industria -ae, f. (industrius), industry, dili- 
gence ; in agendo, Cic. ; industriam in aliqua re 
ponere, Cic. ; de industria, Cic, ex industria, 
Liv., on pxirpose, purposely, intentionally. 

industrie, adv. (industrius), industriously, 
diligently, actively, Caes. 

industrius -a -um (for indu-starius, from 
industo = insto), diligent, active, zealous, in- 
dustrious, assiduous, Cic. 

indutiae -arum, f. (from induo = tempus In- 
dutum, or insertum), a truce, armistice, suspen- 
sion of hostilities ; indutias facere, Cic. ; d^r£, 
I Liv, ; violare, Caes. ; runipere, Liv. ; postulart, 
Sail. ; petere ab aliqud, Tfep. ; tollere.'Liv. ; per 
indutias, during, Sail. 

Indutlomarus -i, rii. prince ofth^Trsveri. 

indutus, only in dat. -Ui, abl. plur. -ibuS, m. 
(induo), a putting on a dress; ea, quern indutui 
gevebat, vestis, Tac. 

indttvlad -5rup, f. (laduo), doth*!, clcihir.g, 
Plant. 

inebrio, l. t 1, <o intoxicate^ inebrtat.i x flln t \ 



ino 



276 



LSi9 



2, to saturate with ; aurein, to fill full of idle talk, 
Juv. 

Inedia -ae, f. (in and edo), fixating, abstinence 
from food ; vigiliis et inedia necatus, Cic. ; inedia 
cousuini, Cic. 

ineditus -a -um (in and edo), nut published 
or made known; juvenes, quorum inedita cura 
{work, i.e. writings), Ov. 

laofifabllis -e, unutterable, Plin. 

inelegans -antis, inelegant, not choice, taste- 
less, not beautiful; gen. with negative, orationis 
copia, non inelegans, Cic. 

inel&gantSr, adv. (inelegans), inelegantly, 
tastelessly ; Ilistoria non ineleganter scripta, Cic. ; 
iueleganter dividere, illogically, Cic. 

ineluctabllls -e, that cannot be successfully 
struggled against, inevitable ; fatuni, Verg. 

inemorior -Siufiri, 3. dep., to die in or at; 
tspectaculo, Hor. 

memytus (incrntus) -a -uin (in and emo), 
unbought ; dapes, Vei'g. 

inenarrabilis -e, indescribable, inexpress- 
ible; labor, Li v. 

Inonarrablllter, adv. (inenarrabilis), in- 
describably, Liv. 

inenodabllis -e, (in aud enodo), inextric- 
able ; res, inexplicable, Cic. 

inoo -Ii (-ivi) -itum, 4. I. Intransit, to go 
in, ei>tcr. A. Lit., ill urbeni, Liv. B. Transf., 
of time, to begin, commence ; iniens aetas, youth, 
Cic. ; ab inennte aetate, from youth, Cic. II. 
TraDsit., to go in, enter. A. Lit., doniuin, Cie. ; 
viain, to enter upon, begin a journey, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to commence a period of time ; inita 
aestatc, at the beginning of, Caes. ; 2, of some 
kind of action, to begin, to enter upon; magis- 
tratuni, Cic; proelium, Cic; 3, to undertake; 
numerum, to enumerate, Liv. ; iniic rationem, to 
■make an estimate, Cic, and transf., to consider, 
Cicr. ; societatem cum aliquo, to enter into a league 
with, Cic ; consilium, to form a plan, Caes. ; 
gratiam ab aliquo, to earn thanks from, conciliate 
the favour of, Cic. (pert, iuit = iuiit, Lucr. 4,314). 

inepte, adv. (ineptus), unsuitably, inappro- 
priately, absurdly, foolishly ; dicere, Cic. 

Ineptlae -arum, f. (ineptus), foolish behav- 
iour, silliness, absurdity, foolery; hoininum in- 
eptiaeac stultitiae, Cic. ; ut eos partimsceleruni 
suorum, partini etiani ineptiaruui poeniteat, 
Cic. 

IncptTo, 4. (ineptus), to talk foolishly, talk 
nonsense, Cat. 

ineptus -a -um (in and aptus), unsuitable, 
inappropriate, tasteless, foolish, absurd, silly; 
negotium, Cic; Graeculuti', Cic ; subst. plur., 
incpti -drum, pedants, Cic ; eonipar., nam 
quidest ineptius quain, etc., Cic 

imrmis -c, and inerraus -a -um (in aud 
anna), unarmed, weaponless. I. Lit., a, gen., 
Cic ; gingiva, toothless, Juv. ; milites, Caes. ; b, 
of countries, undefended by troops; ager, Liv. 
II. Transf., in philonophia, not well versed in, 
Cic ; carmen, inoffensive, offending no one, Ov. 

1. inerrans -antis (in and erro), not yvander- 
ing, fixed; stellae inerrantes, Cic. 

2. inerrans -antis, rartic. of burro. 

Inerro, 1. to rove or wander about, ?lin. 

iners -ertis (in and ars). I. simple, unskil- 
ful; poeta iners, Cic. II. inactive, lazy, idle, 
ivArt, sl-xggish, slothful. A. a, homo, senectus, 
Cic. ; b, transf. of things and abstractions, (a) 
gen.jOtium, Cic. ; aqua, stagnant, Ov.; aequora, 
undisturbed by wind, Lucr. ; stomachus, not 
digesting, Ov. ; teria, immovable, Hor. ; querelae. 



useless, Liv. ; (fi) of time during which nothing 
is doue, idle; hora, Hor.; tempus, Ov. ; (y) of 
food, earo, insipid, Hor.; (5) act., making idle 
ov slothful; frigus, Ov. B. cowardly, Cic. 

inertia -ae, f. (iners), 1, unskilfulncss, want 
of skill, Cic ; 2, slothfulness, sluggishness; laboris, 
aversion to labour, Cic 

ineruditus -a -um, unlearned, illiterate, 
ignorant, Cic. 

inesco, 1. to allure with a bait; transf., to 
entice, deceive; nos caeci specie parvi benelicii 
iuescamur, Liv. 

inevectus -a -um (in imd eveho), raised 

upon, borne upon, Verg. 

inevitabills -e, inevitable, unavoidable ; ful- 
meii, Ov. 

inexcitus -a-um (iu and excieo), unmoved, 
unlet, Verg. 

inexcusabilis-e, without excuse, inexcusable, 
Hor. 

inexercitatus -a -um (in and exercito), un- 
exercised, unpractised ; miles, undrilled, Cic; 
histrio, Cic. ; prompti et nou inexercitati ad 
dicendum, Cic. 

inexhaustus -a -um (in and exhaurio), un- 
exhausted, inexhaustible ; mctalla, Verg. ; pub- 
ertas, unenfeebled, Tac 

inexorabiiis -e, inexorable, not to be moved 
by entreaty ; a, of persons, in ceteros, Cic. ; 
adversus te, Liv. ; delictis, Tac ; b, of things, 
discipliua, severe, Tac. 

inexpeditus -a -um, hampered; pugna, Liv. 

inexperrectus -a -um (inaudexpergiscor), 
not awakened, Ov. 

inexpertus -a -um. I. Act., inexperienced, 
unpractised, unacquainted with; with geilit. , 
lasciviac, Tac. ; with dat., bonis inexpertus 
atquu iusuetus, Liv. ; with ad and the ace, 
animus ad coiltuineliain inexpertus, Liv. II, 
Pass., 1, untried, v not tempted- ; lie quid inex- 
perbum relinquat, Verg.; 2, untried, untested; 
a, of persons, legioues bello civili inexpertae, 
Tac ; b, of things, puppis, Ov. ; fides, Liv. 

inexpiabilis -e (in and expio), 1, includable ; 
scelus, Cic ; 2, implacable, irrecoucileable; homo, 
Cic. ; bellum, obstinate, Cic. 

inexplebilis -e (in and expleo), insatiable, 

that cannot be satisfied ; 1, lit., Sen.; 2, transf., 

a, of things, cupiditas, Cic ; populi lances, 
Cic; epularum foedaet inexplebilis libido, Tac ; 

b, of jiersons, with geilit., vir inexplebilis vir- 
tutis veraequo laudis, with an insatiable de- 
sire for, Liv. 

inexpletus -a -um (in and expleo),unftlletl, 

insatiate, insatiable : inexpletus lacrimans, that 
cannot besatisfted with weeping, Verg. 

inexplicabilis -e {that cannot be untied) 
transf., 1, intricate, impracticable, difficult ; in- 
explicabiles continuia linbribua viae, impassable, 
Liv. ; legatio, Impracticable, Cic. ; res dimctlia et 
inexplicabilis, Cic. ; facilitas, leading to no result, 
Liv.; 2, inexplicable; hacc inexplicabilis es3e 
dieitis, Cic. 

inexplorato, adv. (inexploratus), without 
exploring, without reconnoitring ; proticiscj, Liv. 

inexploratus -a -um (in and exploro), un- 
explored, uninvestigated; stagui vada, Liv. 

inexpugnabills -e, unconquerable, impreij- 
rvible. I. Lit., a, arx, Liv.; b, gramen.'^icrf 
cannot be rooted out. Ov. ; via, inaccessible, Liv. 
II. Transf., with dat., inexpugnabile amorl 
pectus, Ov. ; of persons, volumus cum qui 
beatus sit tutuin esse, inexpuguabilem, saeptuio 
atque lnuuitum, Cic. 



me 



277 



inf 



luexspectatus -a -nm, unlooked-for, unex- 
pected, Cic. 

inexstinctus -a -nm (in andexstinguo), un- 
extinguished, inextinguishable ; 1, lit., ignis, Ov. ; 
2, transf., fames, libido, insatiable, Ov.; nomcn, 
immortal, Ov. 

■ inoxsuperabills -e, tliat cannot be passed 
over or crossed, insurmountable. A. Lit., Alpes, 
Liv. ; palmles, Liv. B. Transf., a.misurpass- 
ahle, Liv. ; b, insuperable ; vis i'ati, Liv. 

inextricabilis -e (in ami extrieo), that 
cannot be disentangled, inextricable. ; error, mazes 
outofu-hichitis impossible to find one's way, Verg. 

infabre, adv. unskilfully, in an unworkman- 
like manner ; vasa non infabre facta, "Liv. 

Infabricatua -a -tun (in and fahrico), iin- 
wrouyht, unfushiojied ; robora, Verg. 

lnfacete (inf loete), adv. (infacetus), taste- 
lessly, coarsely, without humour, Suet. 

infaoetlae (Inf Icetlae) -arum, f. (infacet- 
us), coarse jests, poor wit, Cat. 

infacetus nnd inficetus -a -um (in and 
facetus), coarse, rude, unmannerly, unpolished, 
without hitmour or wit ; homo non infacetus, 
Cic. ; transf., mendacium non infacetum, Cic. 

infacundus -a -um, not eloquent ; vir acer 
nee infacundus, Liv.; compar., quia infacundior 
sit, Liv. 

infamia -ae, f. (infamis), iU report, sliame, 
dishonour, disgrace, ignominy, infamy; 1, lit., 
infamiam inferre, Cic. ; movere, to cause, Liv. ; 
infamia aspergi, to come into bad repute, Nep. ; 
infamia flagrare, Caes. ; infamiam habere, Caes. ; 
subire infamiam sempiternam, Cic; 2, meton., 
the cause of ill repute and infamy ; nostri saecli, 
the disgrace of our age, Ov. ; infamia silvae (of 
Cacus), Ov. 

Infamis -e (in and fama), 1, of ill repute, 
disreputable, infamous; homines vitiis atque 
dedecore infames, Cic; vita, Cic. ; 2, bringing 
into ill repute, disgraceful ; nuptiae, Liv. 

infamo, 1. (infamis), 1, to bring into ill 
repute, make infamous, defame; aliqnem, Nep.; 
aliquid, Cic. ; 2, to blame, accuse, find fault with; 
rem, Liv. 

infandus -a -um (in and fari), unutterable, 
unspeakable, unheard of, unnatural, abominable; 
corpus eius impnrum et infandum, Cic ; caede. , 
Liv. ; dolor, labores, dies, Verg. Subst., in- 
fanda -orum, n. unheard-of enormities, Liv.; 
/iifandum or infauda ! abominable .' Verg. 

infans -fantis (in and fari). I. A. dumb, 
speechless, Cic. B. Of children, not able to speak ; 
ad.j.= young, subst.= a little child ; 1, a, lit., 
filius, Cic ; infantibus parcere, Caes. ; b, meton., 
(a) poet., belonging to a child; pectora infantia, 
Ov. ; (j8) childish, foolish; omnia fuere infantia, 
Cic. II. without the gift of speech, devoid of 
eloquence ; Infantes et insipientes homines, Cic. ; 
transf., pudor, embarrassed, Hor. ; meton., his- 
toria, Cic 

Infantia -ae, f. (infans). I. A. inability to 
speak; linguae, Lucr. B. childhood (up to the 
age of seven) ; prima ab infantia, Tac II. 
Transf., want of eloquence, slowness of speech, Cic. 

infarcio (infercio) -farsi (-fersi). -farsum 
(-fersum) and -fartum (-fertum), 4. (in and 
farcio), to stuff in, cram in, stuff full of; lig., 
neque inferciena verba quasi rimas expleat, Cic. 

infatigabilis -e, that cannot, be wearied, 
indefatigable, Plin. 

infatuo, 1. (in and fatuus), to make, a fool of, 
infatuate ; aliquem mercede publica, Cic. 

infaustus -a -um, unlucky, unfortunate; 
auspicium, Verg. ; dies, Tac. 



infector -oris, in. (inficio), a dyer, Cic. 

1. infectus -a -um (in and facio). I. till- 
worked, unwrought ; argentuni, Liv.; aurum, 
Verg. II. A. undone, unfinished, incomplete: 
pro infecto habere, to consider as having never 
taken place, Cic; infects re (without having ac- 
complished tlie business) discedere, Caes., ab- 
ducere exercitnm, Liv. ; infecto negotio. Sail. ; 
infecta victoria, Liv. ; infecta pace, Liv. ; in- 
fecto bello, Liv. ; reddere infectum, to make void, 
Hor. B. Transf., impracticable, impossible ; 
rex nihil infectum Melello credens, Sail. 

2. infectus, partic of inficio. 
infecundltas -atis, f. (infecundus), barren- 
ness, sterility; terrarum, Tac. 

infecundus -a -nm, unfruitful, barren, 
sterile ; ager, Sail. ; fig., fons (ingenii), Ov. 

infelicltas -atis, f. (infelix), ill-luck, un- 
happiness, misfortune; haruspicum, Cic. ; alicuiu8 
in liberis, Liv. 

infeliciter, adv. (infelix), unluckily, un- 
fortunately; totiens infeliciter temptata arma, 
Liv. 

infelico, infelioito, l. (infelix), to make 
miserable, Plaut. 

infelix -icis. I. unfruitful, barren; teJlus 
frugibus infelix, Verg. II. Transf., A. unlucky, 
unhappy, miserable; a, of persons, honiomiserri- 
mus atque infelicissiuuis, Cic. ; infelicior donii 
quam militiae, Liv.; with genit., animi, in miml, 
Verg.; with abl., operis siuiima, Hor.; b, of 
things, patria, Verg. B. Act., causing unhappi- 
ncss, unfortunate, unlucky; 1, gen., a, of per- 
sons, qui reipublicae sit infelix, Cic; b, of 
things, consilium, Liv. ; 2, esp., infelix arbor, 
the gallows, Cic. 

infense, adv. (infensus), hostilely, acrimon- 
iously ; infense invectus, Tac. ; quia Isocrati est 
adversatus infensius, Cic. 

infenso, 1. (infensus), to treat in a hostile 
manner; Armeniam bello, to attack, Tac. 

infensus -a -um (in and *fendo), hostile, 
full of hate, and bitterness, enraged ; a, of per- 
sons, rex ira infensus, Liv. ; with dat., infensus 
allcui, Verg.; with in and the arc, eo infeini- 
oribus in se quam in ilium judicibus, Liv.; b, 
of things, animus, Cic; opes principibus in- 
fensae, dangerous, Tac 

infer -a -um, infer! -iirum, v. inferus. 

inferlae -aruin, f. (inferi), sacrifices or offei^- 
ings in honour of thedead ; alicui inferias afferrc, 
Cic. 

infercio, v. infarcio. 

inferior, v. inferus. 

inferius, 1, adv., v. infra.; 2, neut. adj., v. 
inferus. 

infernS, adv. (infernus), on the lower side, 
beneath, below, Lucr. 

infernus -a -um (infer), thai which is beloxo, 
lower. I. Gen., partes, Cic. II. Esp., a, un- 
derground; grirges, Ov. ; b, of or relating to the 
lower world, infernal; rex, Pluto, Verg.; Juno, 
Proserpine, Verg, ; palus, the Styx, Ov. Hence 
subst., a, infemi -ornm, m. the inhabitants of 
the lower world, Prop. ; b, inferna -orum, n. 
the lower world, infernal regions, Tac. 

infero, intiili, illatum, inferre, to bring, hear, 
carry in, to put or place, on. I. Lit., A. Oen. 
templis ignes inferre, to set fire to, Cic; aliquid in 
ignem, Caes.; in equum, to put on horseback, Caes. 
B. Esp., a, to bury, inter, Cic. ; b, to give in an 
account; rationes, Cic; sumptnm civibus, to 
charge, put to the account of; c, to sacrifice, pay ; 
honores Anchisae, Verg. ; d, manus alicui or in 
aliquem, to lay hands on, Cic. ; alicui vim, to do 
violence to, Cic. ; e, signa in hostem, to attack, 



inf 



27S 



inf 



charge, Caes.; !", belluni alicui, or contra ali- 
qiiem, to make irar on, lent war against, Cic ; 
g, pedem, to enter, Cic. ; in a hostile meaning, 
to attack ; alicui, Liv. ; so gradum, Liv. ; h, 
reflex, and middle ; (a) reflex., se inferre, to he- 
take oneself, to go, lucus quo se persaepe in- 
ferebat, Liv.; to charge the enemy; effusi se 
stantibus vobis intnlerint, Liv. ; 03) middle, in- 
ferri in urbem, Liv. II. Transf., A. sc in 
periculum, to fall into, Cic. B. a, to produce, 
bring forward ; sermoriem, to speak, Cic; men- 
tionem, to mention, Liv. ; b, to cause, occasion ; 
spem alicui, Caes. ; hostibus terrorem, Cic. ; 
periculum civibus, Cic. ; c, to excite or seek to 
excite ; misericordiam, invidiam, Cic. ; d, to in- 
fer, conclude, Cic. 

infersus and infertus, v. infaroio. 

inferus -a -um (connected with evepoi), and 
infer -a -nm, compar. inferior, superi. in- 
fimus and lmus -a -nm. I. Positive, 
inferus -a -urn, 1, that which is below, lower 
(opp. superus) ; mare, tlie Etruscan Sea (opp. 
mare Superum, the Adriatic), Cic. ; 2, that 
which is in the lower world; inferi dii, Cic. 
Subst., inferi -drum and -um, m. the departed, 
the dead, the lower world ; ab inferis exsistire, 
to rise from the dead, Liv. ; apud inferos, in the 
lower world, Cic; elicere animas inferorum, 
Cic, ab inferis excitare or revocare, to raise 
from the dmd, Cic. II. Compar., inferior, 
neut. inferius, genit. -Kris, the lower (opp. 
superior), 1, of position, labrum, the. under-lip, 
Caes. ; ex inferiori loco dicere, to speak from the 
body of the court (opp. ex superiori loco, from, 
the tribunal), Cic; 2, transf., a, of order, versus, 
the pentameter, Ov. ; b, of time, later, younger; 
aetate inferiores, Cic. ; c, of number, inferior 
nnmero navium, weaker, Caes.; d, of rank, lower, 
meaner, of less importance; gracilis, Cic. ; inferioris 
juris magistrates, Liv.; e, of power, weaker; 
with abl., inferior nnimo, Caes. ; fortuna, in 
fortune, Cic; in jure civili, Cie. III. Superi., 
A. infimus (infumus) -a -um, the lowest 
(opp. snmraus) ; 1, lit., a, soliun, Caes.; b, 
nd inflmos montes, at the bottom of the mountains, 
Nep.; ab inflma ara, from the bottom of the altar, 
Cic; 2, transf., of position, lowest, meanest; in- 
flmo loco natus, Cic; faex popnli, Cic; precibus 
intlmis, with abject prayers, Liv. B. imus 
-a -um, the lowest ; 1, lit., a, sedes ima, Cic ; 
ab imo,/ront the bottom, Caes.; ab imo suspirare, 
to sigh deeply, Ov. ; neut. plur.j ima -orum, 
the lower world, Ov. ; b, ab imis unguibus ad 
verticem snmmuni, Cic. , gurges, the bottom of, 
Ov. ; 2, transf., a, of tone, deepest, lowest; vox 
ima, Hor. ; b, of position, superi imique 
deorum.Ov.; c, the last; mensis, Ov.; ad imam, 
to the end, Hor., aDd at the etui, Hor. 

infervesco -ferbOi, 3. to begin to boil, grow 
hot, to be boiled down ; hoc ubi confusum sectis 
inferbuit herbis, Hor. 

infeste, adv. (infestus), in a hostile manner, 
Liv.; compar., infestius atque inimicius, Liv.; 
superi., inimicissime atque infestissime, Cic 

Infesto, 1. (infestus), to attack, harass, die- 
rpiiet; latus dextrum, Ov. 

infestus -a -um (in and *fendo). I. Act., 
hostile, inimical, dangerous, troublesome ; 1, of 
things, a, provincia Gallia, Cic; with dm. , 
alicui invisus infestusque, Cic. ; with in and the 
ace, infestus iu suos, Cic; b, milit. 1. 1., with 
hostile intent, in hostile array, prepared for 
battle; ab Tibure infesto agmine profecti, Liv. ; 
2, of things, infestis oculis conspici, Cic. ; 
infestis signis, in hostile array, Caes. ; hnsta 
infesta, with lance couched, Liv. ; infestis pilis, 
ready for the throw, Caes. II. Pass., made 



dangerous, unsafe, insecure, molested ; iter, Cie.J 
innre infestnm habere, Cic ; with abl., via ilia 
inenrsionibus bavbarorum infesta, Cic 

inficetus, inficete = infacetus, infaccte 
(q.v.). 

inficlo -feci -fectum, 3. (in and facio). I. 
to put or dip into anything ; hence, to tinae, dye, 
stain, colour; 1, lit., a, se vitro, Caes.; rivoa 
sanguine, Hor. : ora pallor albus infieit, makes 
colourless, Hor.; b, to mix with; hoc (dictarnno) 
fusum labris splendentibus amnem mneit,Verg.; 
2, transf., to imbue, instruct ; (puer) jam inlici 
debet in artibus, etc., Cic II. 1, to poison : 
Gorgoneis Alecto infecta venenis, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., to taint, .infert, corrupt; ut cupidi- 
tatibus principum et. vitiis intici solet tota 
civitas, Cie. ; poet., infectum scelus, the crime 
with which they arc stained, Verg. 

inf Idelis -e, unfaithful, untrue, jierfidiaus, 
faithless, cic ; snperl., inlidelissimi socii, Cic 

infidelitas -tatis, f. (infldelis), unfaithful- 
ness, faithlessness ; amicitiarum, Cic 

infideliter, adv. (infldelis), unfaithfully, 

faithlessly, Cic. 

InfidUS -a -um, u n fa ithfttl, faithless, untrue ; 
a, of persons, amici, Cic; b, of things, so- 
cietas regni, Liv. ; nihil est eniin stabile quod 
infidiim est, Cic. 

inf lgo -tixi -fixum, 3. to fix, fasten to, or in, 
to thrust in. I. Lit., gladiiim iiosti in pectus, 
Cic; hasta inflgitur portae, Verg. II. Transf., 
to imprint, impress, fix; cura erit intixa nnimo, 
Cie. ; animus infixus est in patriae caritate, 
Cic; in hominum sensibus positum atque in- 
fixum est, Cic; intixum est, it is fixed, finally 
resolved, Tac 

inf imatis -is, m. (infimus), n person of the 
lowest condition, Plant. 

infimus -a -nm, superi. of inferus (q.v.). 
infindo -fftH -Assam, 3. to cut in, cleave; 

suleos tellnri, Verg. ; poet., sulcos inari, to sail 
through the sea, Verg. 

infinitas -tatis, r. (in and finis), infinity, 
endlessness ; infinitns locorum, Cic; in infilli- 
tatem omnem peregrinari, Cic. 

infinite, adv. (infinitns), infinitely, bound- 
lessly, endlessly ; partes secare ct ' divider?, Cic. ; 
conenpiscere, Cic 

inf initio -Onis, f. (infinitus), infinity, Cic. 

inf initus -a -um (in and finio). 1. 1, lit.., of 
space, altitudo, Cic; 2, transf., a, of time, end- 
lets, unceasing ; tempus, Cic ; odium, Cic ; b, of 
number, countless; intinita corporum varietas, 
Cic. ; c, of extent, size, degree, boundless, im- 
mense ; magnitudo, Caes. ; silva, Cic; infinitum 
est, with infin., Cic; subst., infinitum 
-i, n. that which is boundless, Cic. II. indefinite, 
general ; infinitior distributio,".Cic 

infirmatio -onis, f. (infirmo), 1, a refuting ; 
rationis, Cic; 2, invalidating; reriim judicat- 
arum, Cic 

infirme, adv. (infinnus), weakly, faintly; 
socii infirme aniraatt, Cie. 

infirmitas -tntis, f. (infirmus), weakness, 
powerlessness, infirmity ; 1, corporis, Cic ; vale- 
tudinis, Cic; 2, transf., a, mental weakness; 
hominum, Cic ; animi, want of spirit, want of 
courage, Cic; b, instability, unsteadiness of 
character; Qallorum, Caes. 

infirmo, 1. (infirmus), to weaken: 1, lit., le- 
eiones, Tac; 2, transf., a, to shake; tidem 
testis, Cic; b, to refute; res leves, Cic; c, to 
annul; acta ilia atque omnes res superioris 
anni, Cic. 

infinnus -a -um, weak, feeble, infirm. I, 



inf 



279 



inf 



Lit., physically, vires, Cic. ; classis, Cic. ; in- 
firmi homines ad resistendum, Caes. II. 
Transf., a, weak; res Inflrma ad probandum, 
Cic. ; b, mentally and morally, weak, timorous; 
animo inflrmo esse, Cic. ; superstitious, Hor. 

infit, defective verb= incipit, 1, he or she 
begins; with infin., Yerg. ; esp., 2, he or she 
begins to speak, Verg. 

inf itiae, f. (in and fateor), a denial ; found 
only in ace, infltias ire nliquid, to deny any- 
thing, Liv. ; wlth-acc: and infln., infrtias eunt^ 
they deny, mercedem se belli Romanis infer- 
endi pactos (esse), Liv. ■ 

infitialis -e (infitiae), negative, containing 
a denial; quaestio, Cic. 

infitiatlo -onis, f. (infitior), re denying; 
negatio infttiatioque facti, Cic, 

inf itiator -oris, m. (infitior), one who denies 
or disavows a debt or deposit, Cic. 
- infitior, 1. dep. (in and fateor), to deny, 
disavow, not to confess? 1, with ace, veruiii, 
Cic. ; with ace. and infin., neque ego in hoc me 
hominem esse inlitiabor unquam, Cic. ; 2, to 
deny a debt, refuse to restore a deposit; quid si 
infitiatur? Cic. 

inflammatio -onis, f. (inflammo), a fire, 
conflagration, ; inferre inflainmationem tectis, 
Cic; transf., auiinnruin, /tre, inspiration, Cic. 

inflammo, 1. A. to light -up, kindle, set fire 
to; taedas, Cic; classem, Cic. B. Transf., to 
inflame, excite, stir up, stimulate; populum in 
iinprobos, Cic ; inflammari ad cupiditates, Cic; 
infiammatus ipse (orator) et aniens, fiery, Cic 

infiatio -5nis, f. (inflo), of the body,' a 
puffing up, blowing out, flatulence ; inflationcm 
inagnam habere, to cause flatulence, Cic 

inflatius, adv. in compar. (inflatus), too 
pompously, proudly, haughtily ; haec ad eum 
latins atque inflatius perscribebat, Cic. 

1. in flatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from inflo). A. 
swelling, swollen; collum, Cic. B. Transf., a, 
scornful; animus, Cic; b, haughty, proud; 
laetitia, ape, Cic. 

2. inflatus -ils, m. (inflo), 1, a blowing into ; 
piimo inflatu tibiciuis,at the first blast, Cic; 2, 
inspiration; divinus, Cic 

inflecto -flexi -flexum, 3. to bend, bmv, curve. 
I. Lit., bacillum, Cic. ; quum ferrum se inflexis- 
set, Caes. ; inflectere nullum unquam vestigium 
sui cursus, Cic; ocnlos, Cic; middle, innecti, 
to curi:e ; sinus ab litore in urbem inflectitur, 
Cic. II. Transf., a, jus civile, to warp, Cic; b, 
to modulate the voice; inflexa ad miserabilem 
sonum voce, Cic; c, to alter a name; suum 
noinen ex Graeco, Cic ; d, of persons, to change, 
move, affect ; aliquem leviter, Cic ; sensus ani- 
mumque labantem, Cic 

infletus -a -um (in and fleo), unwept,' un- 
lamented, Verg. 

infiexibilis -e, tlmt cannot be bent, inflexible, 
Plin. 

inflexio onis, f. (inflecto), a bending, sway- 
ing ; laterum inflexio fortis ac virilis, Cic. 

inflexus -us, m. (inflecto), a bending, curving, 
Jnv. 

infligo -flixi -flictum, 3. I. to utrike, knock, 
dashagainst; alicui securim, Cic. ; puppis inflicta 
vaclis, dashed on, Verg. II. to inflict, cause 
hurl or damage ; mortiferam plngam, Cic; alicui 
turpitudinem, Cic. 

inflo, 1. I. to blow on or in; a, to play on 
wind instruments ; calamos leves, Verg. ; tibias, 
Cic. ; and absol., to give a blast; simul inflavit 
tibicen, Cic. ; b, to produce by blowing ; sonum, 
Cic II. to blow out ; 1, lit., a, to puff out, to 



swell; ambas buccas, Hor. ; ainnis inflatus (aqnls), 
Liv. ; b,to blow out a sound fully ; aliquid exten- 
uatur, inflatur, Cic ; 2, transf., to pxiffup, make 
proud or arrogant, elate; animos falsa spe, Liv. ; 
inflatus laetitia, Cio. 

infiuo -fluxi -fluxum, 3. to flow in, streamin. 
Caes. A. Lit., non longe a marl, quo Rhenus 
influit, Rhenus in Oceanum inflult, Caes. ; with 
simple ace, lacum, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to come 
in unawares, to steal in ; in aures, Cic. ; in animos, 
Cic. ; 2, to stream in, rush in, flow in ;. in Italiam 
Gallorum copiae, Cic. 

infodio -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig in, bury; 
corpora terrae, Verg. ; taleas in terrain, Caes, . 

informatio -onis, f. (informo), a conception, 
idea ; Dei, Cic ; antecepte animo rei, an a priori 
idea, Cic. 

informis -e (in and forma), 1, formless, 'un- 
formed ; alvei/ Liv. ; 2, unsltapely, misformed, 
deformed, hideous ; cadaver, Verg. ; hiems, Hor. 

informo, 1. to give form and shape, to, to form, 
fashion. I. Lit., clipeum, Verg. II. Transf., 
a, to form ; animus a natura bene informatus, 
Cic ; b, to form by instruction, instruct ; .artes 
quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatern informari 
solet, Cic. ; c, to sketch, represent, depict ; orat- 
orem, Cic. ; causam, Cic; d, to form an idea, 
conception, image of anything ; eos (deos) ne con- 
jectura quid em informare posse, form, a con- 
jectural idea of, Cic 

infortunatus -a -um, unfortunate, unliappy, 
miserable; nihil me infortunatius, Qic 

infortunium -ii, n. (in and fortuua), mis- 
fortune, ill luck, Hor., Liv. 

infra (for infera, sc. parte, from inferos). I. 
Adv., 1, lit., a, gen. (a) posit, on t\ve under 
side, below, beneath; innumeros supra infra,dextra 
sinistra deos esse. Cic. ; in writing, eamm 
(litterarum) exemplum infra scripsi or scriptum 
est, Cic; (ji) compar. inferius, lower down; in- 
ferius anis fraternos currere Luna adiniratur 
equos, Ov. ; b, in the lower world, Tib.; 2, 
transf., below (in rank), nee fere nnquam infra 
ita descenderent ut ad inflmos pervemirent, 
Liv. II. Prepos. with ace; 1, lit., Jn space, 
beneath, below ; mare infra oppidum, Cic. ; infra 
eum locum ubi pons erat, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, 
of size, hi sunt magnitudine paulo infra (less 
than) elephantos, Caes. ; b, of time, later than; 
Homeras non infra superiorem Lycurgum fuit, 
Cic; c, beneath, below, in rank, estimation; res 
humanas infra se positas arbitrari, Cic. 

infraotio -onis,' f. (infringo),. breaking; 
transf., aniini, dejection, Cic 

infractus -a -um (p. adj. from Infringo), 1, 
broken, Plin.; 2, a, broken, exhausted; animos, 
dejected., Liv. ; b, infracta loqui, to speak discon- 
nectcdly, Cic. 

infragilis -e, 1, not fragile, that cannot be 
broken, Plin. ; 2, strong ; vox, Ov. 

infremo -fremiii, 3.. to roar,' growl; aper, 
Verg. 

1. infrenatus -a -unr (in and fi^eno), without 
bridle ; equites, riding without a bridle, Liv. 

2. infrenatus -a -um, partlc of infreno. 

infr-endeo, 2. to [gnash with the teeth; denti- 
bus, Verg. 

infrenis -e awl infrenus -a -um (in and 
frenum), without bridle, unbridled ; equus, Verg.; 
Numidae, riding without bridle, Verg. 

infreno, L 1, lit, to bridle; equos, Liv.4 
currus, to harness tlie horses to the chariot, Verg. ; 
2, transf., to restrain, hold back, check; horum 
altemm sic fuisse. infrenatum conacientiS seel- 
eiuni et fraudium suarum ut, etc, Cic. 



inf 



280 



mg 



infrequens -entis, infrequent. I. Of space. 
A. not numerous, few in number ; hostcs, Liv. ; 
copiae infrequentiores, Caes.; seiiatus infre- 
quens, Cic. B. Of places, not full, scantily 
populated ; pars urbis infrequens aediticiis crat, 
Liv.; causa, attended by few hearers, Cic; subst., 
infrequentissima urbis, the least populous parts 
of the city, 1 A\; IL Of time ; of persons, not 
doing a thing often, infrequent, occasional; 
deomm cultor, Hor. 

lnfrSquentla -ae, f. (infrequens), 1, few- 
ness, scantiness of number, thinness; seuatus, 
Cic. ; 2, solitude, loneliness ; locorum, Tae. 

infrlco -fricfii -fiictuin and -frlefitum, 1. to 
rub in nr on, Plin. 
infringo -ftvgi -fraetum, 3. (in and frango). 

I. to breal:, break off, break in pieces. A. Lit., 
remum, Cic. ; hastain, Liv. B. Transf., to break, 
destroy, impair, check, enfeeble, cast down ; vim 
miiitum, Caes. ; spem, Cic. ; conatus adversar- 
iorum, Caes. ; aninmtn, Liv. ; Samnitiuin vires, 
Liv. II. to knock against; liminibus lumbos, 
Hor. 

lnfrons -frondis, leafless; ager, treeless, Ov. 

infructuosus -a -urn, unfruitful, transf., 
unproductive, fruitless, useless; militia, Tac. ; 
latis, Tac. 

infucatus -a -um (in and fuco), rouged, 
painted; fig. vitia, Cic. 

infula -ne, f. a band or fillet made of locks 
of wool, knotted at intervals, worn by priests and 
Vestal virgins, and -used to decorate victims, 
altars, etc., Cic; also worn by suppliants, Caes.; 
hence, something hnly ; his insignibus atque in- 
fulis imperii Romani venditis, the inalienable 
pidilic land, Cic. 

infulftus -a -um (infula), adorned with or 
wearing the infula, Suet. 

infulcio -fnlsi -fultuin, 4. to stuff in, cram 
in, Suet. 

inf undo -ffldi -ffisum, 3. I. to pour in or 
on. A. Lit., 1, aliquid In vas, Cic; 2, to 
administer; alicui vencnum, Cic; alicui pocnlum, 
to present, Hor. B. Transf., a, of a crowd of 
people, gen. reflex., se infundere or passive 
infundi as middle = to pour in, stream in; in- 
fusus populns, collected in large, numbers, Verg. ; 
b, of wind, sound, etc., to pour into, to allow 
to penetrate ; passive as middle = to penetrate, 
Cic. ; vitia in eivitatem, Cic. II. to pour on 
or over. A. Lit., a, of liquids, largos humeris 
rores, Verg. ; b, of lwidies not liquid, ignis 
infusii9, Liv. B. Transf., infusns with dat., 
spread, lying on; gremio, Verg. 

infusco, 1. to make dark or black; to obscure, 
blacken. I. Lit., vellera, arenam, Verg. II. 
Transf., to disfigure, corrupt, stain ; vicinitas 
non infuscata malevolentia, Cic. ; eos barbaries 
infusciverat, Cic. 

lnfusio -onls, f. (infundo), a pouring in or 
on, infusion, Plin. 

Ingaevones -um, m. a German tribe on the 
shores of the North Sea. • 
Ingaunl -orum, m. a I.igurian tribe. 

lngemino, 1. I. Transit, to double, re- 
double ; ictus, voces, Verg. II. Intransit., to 
become double, to increase ; imber, clamor, Verg. 

ingemisco (ingemesco) -gemiti, 3. I. In- 
transit., to sigh or groan ; absol., nemo ingemuit, 
Cic. ; with in and the abl., in quo tu quoque 
ingemiscis, Cic. ; with dat., eius minis, Liv. 

II, Transit., tn sigh or groan over; with ace, 
quid ingemiscis hostem Dolabellam, Cic. 

ingemo, 3. to sigh, groan over; with dat., 
laboribus, Hor. ; aratro, Verg. 



ingenero, I. I. to implant in, generate, 
riroiiuce : natnraingenerat amorem, Cic; pai'tic, 
ingeneratus -a -um, implanted by nature, 
innate, natural; familiae frugalitas, Cic. II. to 
create; auimuin esse ingcneratuni a i)eo, Cic 

ingeniatus -a -nm (iiigeninm), endowed by 
nature, Plant 

ingeniosc, ndv.(ingpninsiui), nrairfy, cleverly, 

ingeniously ; lata tractare, Cic. 

ingeniosus -a -nm (ingenium), 1, naturally 
clever, talented, acute, able, ingenious ; quoquisque 
est Kollertioi' el ingeniosior, Cic. ; 2, of inani- 
mate objects, fit fir, adapted to; terra colenti, 
Ov. ; ad segetes agw, Ov. 

Ingenltus -a -um, partic. of ingigno. 

ingenium -ii, n. (in and geno = gignn), 
nature, natural constitution. I. Of things, ar- 
voruin, Verg. II. Of men. A. natural dis- 
position, temjterament, character; ingenio suo 
vivere, after one's own inclination, Liv. B. a, 
esp., cleverness, talent, mental power, genius; 
doc.ilitas, memoria, quae fere appollantur lino 
ingenii nomine, Cic; tardum, Rcerrimiini, 
acutum, magnum, Cic; ad fingendum, Cic; 
b, meton., a man of genius, a genius, Cic 

ingens -entis (in and geno = gigno; lit.., 
grown to a great size), vast, immense, enormous. 
I. Lit., pecunia, campus, numerus, Cic II. 
Transf., exitus, Verg.; belluni, Ov. ; with abl., 
ingens viribus, Liv. ; with genit., femiua ingens 
animi, Tac. 

ingenue, adv. (ingemius), 1, nobly, liberally ; 
educatus, Cic ; 2, freely, frankly ; confiteri, Cic. 

ingenuitas -tatis, f. (ingemius), 1, the con- 
dition of a freeman, free-birth, Cic. ; ornamenta 
ingenuitatis, Cic. ; 2, noble-mindedness, upright- 
ness, frankness, Cic. 

ingenuus -a -um (in and geno). I. native, 
not Joreign ; fons, Liter. II. natural, innate, 
color, Prop. HI. free-born, of free birth. A. Lit., 
Cic. B. Transf., a, that which becomes a free 
man, noble, honourable; vita, artes, Cic; b, 
frank, sincere; homo, Cic; e, weak, delicate, Ov. 

ingero -gessi -gestum, 3. I. Lit., to carry, 
throw, put, pour in or upon; lignafoco,Tib. ; hast as 
in tergum fugientibus,Verg. ; saxa in subeuntes, 
to hurl at, Liv. II. Transf., a, tn heap on, to 
utter; probra, Liv.; convicia alicui, Hor.; b, 
to press upon, force upon; alicui noinen, Tac; 
aliquem (as judge), Cic. 

ingestabilis -e, unbearable, intolerable; 
onus, Plin. 

ingigno -genui -genitum, 3. to implant by 
birtk or nature; natura cupiditatem homini iu- 
genuit veri videndi, Cic; partic, ingenltus 

-a -um, innate, inborn ; ut habeat quiddam in- 
genitum quasi civile atque popnlare, Cic. 

inglorius -a -um (in and gloria), without 
fame or glory, inglorious ; vita, Cic; rexapiini, 
u nd ist ingu ish eil, Verg. 

ingluvles -ei, f. (for ingulvies from in and 
gula), 1, the craw or crop of birils, the. maw of 
animals, Verg. ; 2, meton., gluttony, Hor. 

ingrate, adv. (ingratus), 1, unpleasantly, 
Ov. ; 2, ungratefully, Cic. 

ingratia -ae, f. (ingratus), unthanlf illness, 
in class. Lat. only in abl., ingratiis (ingratis), 
against the will of, unwillingly, Cic 

ingratis, v. ingratia. 

ingratus -a -um, 1, unpleasant, unjileasing ; 
ne iuvisa diis immortalibus oratio nostra ant 
ingrata esse videatnr, Cic. ; 2, a, unthankful, 
ungrateful; homo, Cic; ingrati animi crimen 
horreo, Cic.; with in and the ace, ingratus 
in Democritum, Cic. ; with genit., salutis, on 



ing 



281 



ini 



account of, Verg. ; with in ami the abl., In- 
gratus in referenda gratia, Caes. ; of tilings, 
ingluvies, insatiable, Hor. ; b, unprofitable, 
thankless; labor, Sail.; pericula, Verg. 

ingravesco, 3. 1, lit., to become heavy, 
Piin.; 2, transf., a, in a good sense, hoc (philo- 
sophise), studiuni cotidie iugraveseit, is fol- 
lowed more seriously, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense ; 
(a) to become annoying, troublesome; annona in- 
eravescifc, become* dearer, C?o. ; iugraveseit in 
dies malum iiifestiiiuin, Cii. ; (j3) to be oppressed, 
■wearied; corpora exercitatioinim dcfatigatione 
ingiavescunt, Cic. 

ingravo, 1. to make heavy, to ojipress, trouble, 
aggravate, render worse; ilia (conjugis imago) 
ineos casus iugra vat, Cic; ingravathaecDrances, 
Verg. 

ingredior -gressus sum, 3. (in and gradior). 
I. Intransit, A. to enter, go in; a, lit., in 
naveni, in templuin, in funduin, Cic. ; intra 
iiiunitiones, Cues.; b, transf., to enter on; in 
helium, Cic. ; in earn orationein, Cic. ; in spem 
libertaUs, Cic. B. to go forth, walk; turdius, 
Cic; pernudam infra glacieni, Liv. II. Transit., 
A. to enter ; doinum, Cic ; curiam, Liv. B. Of 
time, to begin; a, iter, Cic: b, to commence ; 
orationein, Cic. ; with intin., dicere, Cic. 

ingresslo -oiiis, f. (ingredior), 1, an entering, 
going in; a, lit., fori, Cic; b, transf., o be- 
ginning, Cic ; 2, gait, pace, Cic. 

ingressus -us, m. (ingredior). I. a going 
%nU>, an entering. A. Lit, a hostile entrance, 
an inroad; ingressus hostiies praesidiis inter- 
cipere, Tac. B. Transf., a beginning ; ingressus 
capere, to begin, Verg. II. walking, going, 
stepping; ingressus, cursus, accubitio, inclinatio, 
sessio, Cic ; ingressu prohiberi, not to be able to 
move, Caes. 

ingriio -fli, 3. (in ami *gruo, connected with 
vuo), a, of persons, to break in, fall upon vio- 
lently; ingruit Alneas Itali.s, Verg.; b, transf., 
of things, to assault, attack ; periculum, helium 
ingruit, Liv. ; morbi ingruimt in remiges, Liv. ; 
Hi niiUus ingruat metus, Plin. 

inguen -gulnis, n. tlie groin, Verg. 

ingurgito, 1. (in and gurges), 1, to plunge; 
se in tot tiagltia, to plunge into the whirlpool of 
vice, Cic ; 2, esp. rem, se itigurgitare, to glut or 
gorge oneself, to gormandise, Cic. 

• ingustabilis -e (in and gusto), that cannot 
be tasted, Plin. 

ingustatus -a -urn (in and gusto), uutasled, 
not tasted before ; ilia rhombi, Hor. 

mhabllis -e. I. that cannot be handled or 
managed, unmanageable; navis, Liv.; teluin ad 
remitteudum inhabile imperitis, Liv. II. use- 
less, unfit for, ill adapted to; tegimeu inhabile ad 
resurgendum, Tac. ; multitudo inhabilis ad con- 
seusuni, Liv. 

inhabltabflis -e, uninhabitable; maximae 
regiones inhabitabiles, Cic. 

inhabito, 1. to inhabit ; eum secessum, Ov. 

inhaereo -haesi -haesum, 2. to stick in, 
cleave to, remain fast to; 1 lit., ad saxa, Cic. ; 
visceiibus, Cic ; sidera sedibus suis inhaerent, 
bic. ; 2, transf., inhaeret in mentibus quoddam 
augunuin, Cic; virtutes semper voluptatibus 
inhaerent, are always connected with, Cic. ; sem- 
per alicui, to be always in the company of, Ov. 

inhaeresco -haesi -haesum, 3. (inchoat of 
inhaereo), to remain fast, to cleave to; in men- 
tibus, Cic. 

inhalo. 1. to breathe upon; quum isto ore 
foetido teterrimam nobis popinam inhalasses, 
U!Q. 



inhfbeo -ui -Itum, 2. (in and habeo). I. to 
hold in, hold back, check, restrain ; tela, Liv. ; 
equos, Ov.; si te illius acerba imploratio et vox 
iniseiabilis non inhibebat, Cic. ; as naut. t. 1 ., 
inhibere reinis, Cic, or navem retro inhiberr, 
Liv., to row a boat backwards, to row a boat stem 
first, to back water. II. to exercise, practise, use, 
employ ; supplicia nobis, Cic. ; imperium in de- 
ditos, Liv. 

Inhibitio -onis, f. (inhibeo), a restrainina ; 
remiguin, a rowing backwards, Cic. 

inllio, 1. I. to gape, gape with wonder ; tenuit 
inliians tria Cerberus ora, Verg. II. to gape 
for, open the mouth with desire ; Romulus lactens 
uberibns lupinis inhians, Cic. ; tig. with dat, to 
covet, desire, long for ; alicuius hortis, opibus, 
Tac. ; varios pulchra testudine postes, look with 
desire upon, Verg. 

inhoneste, adv. (iuhonestus), dishonourably, 
disgracefully ; aliquem accusare, Cic. 

InhSnesto, 1. (iuhonestus), to disgrace, dis- 
honour ; palnias, Ov. 

inhoncstus -a -urn, 1, dislionourable, shame- 
ful, disgraceful ; homo, Cic. ; vulnera, Ov. ; inhon- 
estissinia cupiditas, Cic; 2, ugly, unsightly; 
vulnus, Verg. 

inhonoratus -a -um, 1, not honoured, hon- 
oured by no public office, private, retired; vita, 
Cic. ; honoratus atque inhonoratus, Liv. ; in- 
honoralior triumphus, Liv. ; 2, unrewarded, 
without gifts; aliquem inhoiioratum dimittere, 
Liv. 

inhdnorus -a -um, 1, unhonuured, undis- 
tinguished, Plin. ; 2, ugly, unsightly, Tac. 

inhorr go -ui, 2. to bristle with ; haud secus 
quam vallo saepta inhorreret acies, Liv. 

inhorresco 3iorrui, 3. I. to begin to bristle, 
to bristle up; a, aper inhorruit armos, Verg.; 
spicea .jam campis messis inhorruit, Verg. ; 
inhorruit unda teuebris, Verg. ; b, to be rough 
with frost; quum tristis hiems aquilonis inhor- 
ruit alis, Ov. II. to shudder, shiver, from cold, 
fever, fright, etc. ; 1, lit, dicitur inhorruisse 
civitas, Cic; 2, transf., of things, to shake, 
tremble; aer, Ov. 

Inhospitalis -e, inhospitable; Caucasus 
Hor. 

inhospitalitas -tatis, f. (inhospitalis), won? 
of hospitality, Cic. 

inhospitus -a -um, inhospitable ; tecta, Ov/ 
Syrtis, Verg. ' 

inhumane, adv. (inhumanus), inhumaulyi 
inluunanius dicere, Cic. 

inhumanitas -tatis, f. (inhumanus), 1 
cruelty, inhumanity, Cic. ; 2, a, incivility, d's- 
courtesy, disobligingness, Cic. ; b, stinginess, nig 
gardliness, Cic. 

inhumaniter, adv. (inhumanus), uncivilly, 
rudely, discourteously, Cic. 

inhumanus -a -um, 1, cruel, barbarous, in 
human; homo, scelus, Cic; qnis inhumaniorr 
Cic; 2, a, rude, uvconrteous, uncivil, unman 
nerly, Cic. ; b, uncultivated; aures, Cic. 

inhumatus -a -um (in andhumo). unburUd, 
Cic. 

inhumo, 1. to cover with earth, Pliu. 

inibi, adv. 1, of place, therein, in that place, in 
that matter, Cic; 2, of time, almost, nearly, on the 
point of; inibi est, it is on the point of taking 
place ; aut inibi esse aut jam esse confectum, 
Cic. 

lniclo a injicio. 

InLmice, adv. (inimicus), hostilely, in o» 
unfriendly manner; inseefcari &!><}u«n, Cic, 



ini 



282 



inn 



inimicitla -ae, f. (inimicus), enmity, Cic. ; 
gen.' in plur., cum aliquo mini inimicitiae sunt, or 
interceduut, Cic. ; inimicitias gerere, Cic, exer- 
cere, Cic, suscipere, Cic 

inimico, 1. (inimicus), to make Jwstile, set at 
enmity ; ira miseras inimicat urbes, Hor. 

inimlous-a-um(inandamicus). I. Aet.,101- 
friendly, inimical, adverse. A. Lit, a, adj., inimi- 
cus alicui, Cic. ; inimicus cenis sumptuosis,Cic; 
of inanimate objects, hurtful, prejudicial; odor 
nervis inimicus, Hor. ; b, subst., inimicus 
-i, m, an enemy, foe, Cic. ; inimica -ac, f. a 
female foe, Cic. ; inimicissimi Sthenii, the bitterest 
foes ofS., Cic. B. Poet., transf. = hostilis ; terra 
inimica, Verg. II. Pass. = luited; gener invisus 
inimici soceri, Tac . 

inintelligens -entis, unintelligent, Cic. 

inique, adv. (iniquus), 1, unequally ; ini- 
quissime comparatum est, Cic ; 2, unfairly, un- 
justly, Cic. 

iniquitas -tatis, f. (iniquus). I. uneven- 
ness ; a, lit., loci, Caes. ; b, transf., unfavour- 
ableness, difficulty, unpropitiousness ; temporis, 
Cic; rerum, Caes. II. unfairness, injustice, 
unreasonableness; ihominis, Cic; iniquitates 
maximae, Cic 

iniquus -a -um (in and nequus). I. u neven ; 1, 
lit., locus, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, unfavourable, dis- 
advantageous ; locus, Caes. ; defensio angustior et 
iniquior, on unfavourable ground, Cic; b, of time, 
unpropitious ; tempus, Liv.; c, of character, 
impatient, discontented ; animo iniqno ferre, with 
ace, to be vexedat, Cic; animo iniquissimo mori, 
to die most reluctantly, Cic. II. unequal; 1, 
lit., too great ; pondus, Verg. ; sol, too hot, Verg.; 
2, transf., a. unjust, unfair; pneem iniqua 
conditione recinere, Cic; b, hostile, adverse; 
animo iniquissimo infestissimoque aliquem in- 
tueri, Cic; subst., iniqui -orum, in. enemies, 
Cic. ; aequi iniqui, or aequi iniqnique, friends 
and foes, Liv.. 

initio, 1. (initium), to initiate into a secret 
worship; aliquem Cereri, Cic; aliquem Bacchis, 
as one of the bacchantes, Liv. ' 

initium -II, n. (meo), a beginning, commence- 
ment. I. Gen., initium dicendi sumere. Cic. ; 
initium caedis or confiigendi facere, Cic. ; initium 
capere ab or ex, etc, Cic; ab initio, from the 
beginning, Cic ; initio, in, the. bee/inning, at the 
commencement, Cic it. Esp., gen. in plur. A. 
tlie elements or first principles of a science; initia 
mathematicorum, CLc. B. In natural philo- 
sophy, elements, Cic C. the beginning of a reign ; 
initiis Tiberii auditis, Tac D. a principle; 
initium cognoscendi, Cic E. In plur., a secret 
worship, hiddenrites, mysteries, Cic. ; and meton., 
things used in snich rites, Cat. 

initus -fls, m. (ineo), 1, an arrival, en- 
trance, Lucr. ; 2, a beginning, Lucr. ; 3, oopmla- 
Hon, Ov. 

injeotio -onis, f. (injicio), a laying on; 
manus, Quint. 

injeotus -us, m. (injicio), 1, a throviing on, 
throwing over; injectu multae vestLs, Tac; 2, 
a putting in, inserting, Lucr. 

injicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (in and jacio). I. to 
throw in or into, cast or put in or into ; 1, lit., 
manumfoculo, Liv.; se in medioshostes, to throw 
oneself into the midst of the enemy, Cic ; 2, 
transf., a, to cause, inspire, infuse, occasion; 
alicui timorem, Cic; alicui mentem, utaudeat, 
etc., Cic. ; b, in conversation, to mention, let 
drop, thrcno in; alicui nomen cuiuspiam, Cic; 
quum mihi in sermone injecisset, with ace and 
infin., Cic. II. to throw or place on. A, pon- 
t«m flurnini, Liv. ; hrachja. cojlo, to embrace, Cic, 



B. Esp., 1, to throw or cast on; pallium alicui, 
Cic. ; sibi vestem, Ov. ; vincula animo, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., injicere alicui manus, to lay hands on; 
tig., mihi Veritas manuiii injecit, Cic. ; esp., to 
lay hands on in order to appropriate what is one's 
own, to take possession of; inanum virgini yeni- 
enti, Liv. ; fig., manuni Parcae, Verg. 

injuounde, adv. only in compar, (injuc- 
undus), unpleasantly, in an unfriendly manner ; 
res injucundius actae, Cic. 

irrjucunditas -tatis, f. (injucundus), un- 
pleasantness; ne quid habeat injucunditatis 
oratio, Cic. 

injucundus -a -um, unpleasant, displeasing ; 
minime nobis injucundus labor, Cic. ; adversus 
malos injucundus, unfriendly, Cic. 

injudicatus -a -um (in and judico), untried, 
nncondemned, undecided, Quint. 

injungo -junxi -junctuin, 3. I. to join to, 
fasten to ; tignos in asseres, Liv. II. A. Lit., 
to join, unite, connect with; vineas et aggerem 
muro, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to cause; alicui in- 
juriam, Liv. ; 2, to inflict upon, occasion, bring 
upon, to lay or impose upon, charge, enjoin; alicui 
munus, Liv.; civitatibus servitatem, Caes.; alicui 
laboreni, onus, leges, Liv. 

injuratus -a -um, unsworn, not having taken 
an oath, Cic. 

injuria -ae, f. (injurius), an injury, injustice, 
wrong. I. Lit., A. injuriam'alicui inferre, iin- 
ponere, facere, Cic. ; in aliquem imniittore, 
jacere, to commit, inflict an injury on, Cic. ; 
accipere, to suffer wsong, Cic. ; propulsare, Cic, 
defendere, Caes., to repel, etc. ; per injuriam, 
wrongfully, Cic. ; injuria, Cic. B. 1. ah insult ; 
spretae foimae, Verg.; 2, legal t.t., damage, 
harm, injury, affront; actio injuriarum, Cic. 
II. Meton., 1, a possession wrongfully obtained ; 
pertinaces ad obtinendam injuriam, Liv. ; 2, re- 
venge for an affront ; consulis, Liv. 

injur lose, adv. (injuriosus), illegally, v;rong- 
fully, injuriously ; in magistrates decernere, 
Cic ; mercatores injuriosius tractare, Cic. 

injuriosus -a -um (injuria), acting, wrong- 
fully, unjust, wrongful, unlawful; vita, Cic; 
injuriosi in proximos, Cic 

injurius -a-uin(in andjus), wong/iiZ, unjust; 
quia sit injuriam, Cic. 

injurus -a -um = injurius (q.v.). 

1. injussus -a -um (in and jubeo), uncom- 
manded, unbidden, spontaneous; gnunina vir- 
escunt, without cultivation, Verg. 

2. injussus, m. found only in abl. hi' 
jussu, without orders ; injussu imperatoris, Cic. ; 
injussu sUo, Cic, or simply injussu, e.g., pug' 
nare, Liv. 

injuste, adv. (injustus), unjustly, unfairly; 
facere, Cic. 

injustitia -ac, f. (injustus), injustice, unjusl 
proceeding; totius injustitiae nulla est capit- 
alior, Cic. 

injustus -a -um, 1, unfair, unjust ; homo, 
Cic; noverca, harsh, severe, Verg.; regua, un- 
justly acquired, Ov. ; subst., injustum -i, n. 
injustice; metu injusti, Hor. ; 2, heavy, burden- 
some, oppressive; onus, Cic; fascis, Verg. 

inl . . . v. ill . . . 

inm ... v. imm . . . 

innabilis -e (in and no), that cannot be swum 
in; unda, Ov. 

innascor -natus, 3. dep. I. to be born, 
grow, arise in or upon; neglectis filix innascitur 
agris, Hor. ; salicta innata ripis, Liv. II. 
Transf., to be produced, arise; in hnc elationo 
animi cupiditas innascitur, Cic, ; pavtjc, Jjj- 



inn 



283 



ino 



UatUS -a -una, innate, inborn ; insita quaedam 
vel potius innate cupiditas, Cic. 

innato, 1. I. to swim into ; in concham 
hiantem, Cic. II. A. to 'swim, or float in or 
upon; with dat., lactuca acri innatat stomacho, 
Hor. ; with ace., undain innatat alnus, Verg. 
B. Transf., to flow into or over; innatat unda 
dulcis freto, Ov. 

lnnatus, parties, of innascor. 

innavigabilis -e, not navigable, Liv. 

innecto -nexui -nexuin, 3. to tie, bind, fasten, 
weave together. I. Lit., comas, Verg. ; fauces 
laqueo, Ov.; palmas armis, Verg.; inter se innexi 
rami, Tac. II. Transf., A. causas morandi, to 
bring forward one after the other, Verg. B. 
Esp., 1, to entangle, implicate; innexus con- 
scientiae alicuius, Tac. ; 2, to connect ; Hyrcanis 
per affinitatein innexus erat, Tac. 

innitor -nixns sum, 3.dep. to lean upon, rest 
upon, support oneself by. I. Lit., scutis, Caes. ; 
haste, Liv. ; nlis, to fly, Ov. II. Transf., uni- 
viro, Messio, fortuna hostium innititur, Liv. 

inno, 1. to swim in or on. I, fiuitantes et 
innantes beluae, Cic. ; with dat., aquae, Liv. ; 
with ace, fluvimn, Verg. II. a,, to flow over, 
Hor.; b, to sail over, navigate; Stygios lacus, 
Verg. u 

innccens -entis, harmless, not hurtful. T. 
Lit., innocentis pocula Lesbii, Hor. II. Transf., 
A. epistola, Cic. B. innocent, harmless, in- 
offensive, blameless; innocens is dicitur qui 
nihil nocet, Cic. ; factorum, Tac. 

innocentcr, adv. (innocens), innocently, 
blamelessly, inoffensively, irreproachably; in- 
nocentius agere, Tac. 

irmocentia -ae, f. (innocens). I. harmless- 
ness; ferorum animaliiun, Plin. II. innocence, 
blamelessness, inoffensiveness, disinterestedness, 
Cic; meton., = the innocent; innocentiam 
judiciorum poena liberare, Cic. 

innocue, adv. (innocuus), hannlessly, in- 
nocently; vivere, Ov. 

innocuus -a -um. I. Act., innocuous, harm- 
less. A. Lit., herba, Ov. ; litus, safe, Verg. B. 
Transf., innocent, harmless, blameless ; homo, Ov. 
II. Passive, unhurt, unharmed; carinae, Verg. 

innotesco -notui, 3. to become known or 
noted; nosrris innotuit ilia libellis, Ov. ; quod 
ubi innotuit, Liv. 

innovo, 1. to renew; se ad suam intemper- 
antiain, to velum to, Cic. 

innoxius -a -ran. I. Act. A. innoxious, 
harmless; anguis, Verg. B. Transf., innocent; 
criminia iunoxia, Liv. II. Pass., A. un- 
hurt, unharmed; ipsi innoxii, Sail. B. unde- 
served ; paupertes, Tac. 

innubilus -a -um, unclouded, clcav, Lucr. 

innubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to marry into, 
con nect oneself ivith by marriage ; quo innupsisset, 
Liv. 

inniibus -a -um (in and imbo), unmarried, 
without a husband; Sibylla, Ov. ; laurus (because 
Daphne, while still a virgin, was changed into a 
laurel), Ov. 

innumerabllis -e, that cannot be counted, 
innumerable ; multitudo, Cic. 

innumerabilitas -atis, f. (iunumerahilis), 
nit infinite number, innumerableness ; mundorum, 
Cic. 

innumerabiliter, adv. (innumerabilis), 
innumerably, Cic. 

inniimeralis -e, countless, innumerable, 
Lucr. 

innumerus -a -um, countless, innumerable; 
gentes, Verg, 



lnniio -0.1 , 3. to give a nod to, make a sign or 
signal to; alicui, Plaut., Ter. ; ubi iunuerint, Liv. 

innuptus -a -um (in and nubo), 1, un- 
married, having no husband, Verg. ; subst., 
innupta -ac, f. a virgin, young damsel, Verg.; 
2, meton., nuptiae innuptee (70/xos aya^os), a 
marriage that is no marriage, an unhappy mar- 
riage ; ap. Cic. 

innutrio, 4. to bring up, educate with or 
among ; innutritus pessimis, Tac. 

Ino -us and -onis, f. ('I wl), daughter of Cadmus, 

wife of Atliamas ; adj., Indus -a -um, of or 
belonging to Ino. 

Inoblitus -a -um (in and obliviscor), mind- 
ful, not forgetful, Ov. 

inobrutus -a -um (in and obruo), not over- 
whelmed, Ov. 

inobservabilis -e, not to be observed, im- 
perceptible, Cat. - • • 

inobservantla -ae, f. negligence, careless- 
ness, inattention, Suet. 

inobservatus -a -um, unobserved, unper- 
ceived ; sidera, Ov. 

inoculatlo -onis, f. an engrafting, Plin. 

inoddror, 1. dep., to trace out anything, to 
smell out, Cic. (?). 

inodorus -a -um, without smell, inodorous, 
Pers. 

inoffensus -a -um, without stumbling, unre- 
strained, unhindered, unobstructed; mare, Verg.; 
cursns honorum, uninterrupted, Tac. 

Inofficiosus -a -um, 1, contrary to or 
neglectful of duty ; testamentum, in which the 
nearest relatives are passed over, Cic. ; 2, dis- 
obliging; in aliqueni, Cic. 

inolens -cutis, without smell, inodorous, 
Lucr. 

inolesco -olevi -olltum, 3. to grow in or 071 ; 

I, lit., udo libro, Verg. ; 2, transf., penitusque 
neccsse est multa (mala) diu concrete modis 
inolescere mills, Verg. 

inominatus -a -um (in and omen), ill- 
omened, unlucky, Hor. 

inopia -ae, f. (inops). I. want, need ; in 
Rhodiorum inopia (want of food) et fame, Cic; 
frumentaria, Caes.; with genit., frugum, Cic; 
transf., consilii, Cic. II. helplessness, Cic. ' 

inoplnans -antis, not expecting, unexpected, 
unawares ; aliquem inopinantem aggredi, Caes. 

inoplnanter (inopinans), unexpectedly, Suet. 

inopinato, adv. <inopinatus), unexpectedly, 
Liv. 

inopinatus -a -um. L Pass., unexpected, 
unlooked for ; res, Cic; malum, Caes.; subst., 
Indplnatum -ij n.' an unexpected event', Cic. ; 
ex inopinato, Cic, inopinato, Liv.', unexpectedly. 

II. Act., -not expecting ; inopinatos invadere, Liv. 

inopinus -a -um (in and opinus, from 
opinor), unexpected, unlooked for; visus,- v. ; 
quies, Verg. ' ' 

inopiosus -a -um (inopia), needy, in want 
of; consilii, Plaut. 

Inopportunus -a -um, inopportune, un- 
seasonable, Cic. 

inops -5pis. I. without mea>is. A. poor ; 
1, a, lit, aerarium inops et exhaustuui, Cic; 
b, transf., poor in words or thoughts; lingua, 
oratio, Cic; 2, poor in something, wanting in; 
with genit, or abl., or ab and the abl., pecuniae, 
Liv. ; verborum, verbis, Cic. ; amicorum, ab 
amicis, Cic; transf., hnmanitetis, Cic. B. 
powerless, weak, Liv, II, helpless ; fnopes relief, 
a duce, Cjc, 



ino 



284 



ins 



inoratus -a -urn (in aud oro), not formally 
brought forward and heard ; re inorata, Cic. 

inordlnatUS -a -urn, disorderly, in con- 
fusion; dispcrsi.inordinati exibaut, Liv.; snbst., 
inordinatum -i, n. disorder; ex inordinate 
in ordinem adducere, Cic. 

Inorior, 4. dep., to arise, appear, Tac(?) 

inornatus -a ■om, unadorned. I. Lit., 
mulieres, Cic. II. Transf., A. orator, Cic. 

S. unpraiscd, uncelebrated, Hor. 

inp . . . = imp . . . (q.v.). 

inquam -is -it, pcrf., inquii, v. def. (con- 
nected with kv£iru>), / say ; a, in quoting the 
words of a speaker, est vero, inquam. sigiiuin, 
Cic. ; with dat., inquit milii, Cic. ; b, in repeti- 
tion, for the sake of emphasis, hunc onuni 
diem, hunc unum, inquam, diem, Cic. ; c, in 
objections, non solernus, inquit, ostendere, Cic. 
(The forms found are : inquam, Cic. ; inquit, 
Cic. ; inquimus, Hor.; inquiunt, Cic. ; inquiebat, 
Cic; inquii, Cat. ; inquisti, Cic. ; inquies, Cat. ; 
inquiet, Cic. ; inque, Plaut. ; inquito, Plaut.) 

1. inquies -etis, f. disquiet, want of rest, 
Plin. 

2. inquies -et is, unquiet, restless; homo, 
Sail. ; nox, dies, Tac. 

inquieto, 1. (inquietus), to disquiet, disturb; 
victoriam, Tac. 

inquietus -a -um, unquiet, restless. I. Lit., 
Hadria, stormy, Hor. ; nox inquieta, Liv. II. 
Transf., a, restless in disposition; inquietus 
animus, Liv. ; b, politically restless, Liv. 

inquilinus -i, m. one who dwells in a place 
not his own, a tenant, lodger; transf., inquilinus 
civis Romae (said of Cicero, who was not born 
in Rome), Sail. 

inquinate, adv. (inquinatus), filthi'y, im- 
purely; loqui, Cic. 

inquinatus -a -um, p. adj. (from inquino), 
dirtied, befouled, defiled, polluted, contaminated, 
sortlid, shameful; homo vita omni inquinatus, 
Cic. ; sermo inquinatissimus, Cic. 

inquino, I. (connected with coenum), to be- 
foul, pollute, defile, stain, contaminate; 1, lit., 
aqua turbida e't cadaveribus inquinata, Cic. ; 
aquas venenis, Ov. ; 2, transf., to corrupt, defile; 
oinnem splendorem honestatis, Cic. ; se parri- 
cidio, Cic. 

inqniro -quisivi -quisiturn, 2. (in andqnaero). 

I. to seek for, search for ; corpus alicuius, Liv. 

II. A. to investigate, inquire into; diligenter in 
ea, Cic. ; in eum quid agat, quern ad modum 
vivat, inquiritur, Cic. ; omnia ordine, Liv. B. 
Legal t. t., to search for evidence against any one; 
in coin peti tores, Cic. (pluperf. subj., inquisis- 
sent, Liv.; perf. infill., inquisisse, Liv.). 

lnquisitio -onis, f. (inqniro). I. a searching 
after, looking for; corporum, Plin. II. A. 
investigation, inquiry ; vcri inquisitio atque 
investigatio, Cic. B. Legal t. t., the search for 
evidence against any one; candidati, against a 
candidate, Cic. 

inquisitor -oris, m. (inquiro), an inquirer. 
I. a spy, Suet. II. A. Pliilosopn. t. t., an in- 
vestigator ; rerum, Cic. B. one who searches for 
evidence to support an accusation, Cic. 

inr . . . v. irr . . . 

insalubris -e, 1 unhealthy, Plin.; 2, wi- 
serviceable, unprofitable, Plin. 

insalutUtUS -a -um, ungreelcd, of whom no 
farewell has been taken; in the tmesis, inque 
salutatam linquo, Verg. 

insanabills -c, incurable ; 1, lit., morbus, 
Cic, ; 2, transf,, contiuneli^e, Cic, 



insane, adv. (insanus), madly, insanely; in 
silvam ne ligna feras insauius, Hor. 

insania -ae, f. (insanus), madness, loss oj 
reason, insanity ; 1, a, lit., nomen insaniae sig- 
nilicat mentis aegrotationem et inorbum, Cic. ; 
concnpisccrc aliquid ad insaniam, madly, Cic. ; 
b, transf., mad desire, mad, senseless excess, sense- 
less extravagance; libidinum, Cic; 2, poetical 
rapture or inspiration ; amabilis, Hor. 

insanio -ivl and -ii -ituni, 4. (insanus), to 
rage, be seized with madness or frenzy; a, lit., 
ex injuria, Liv.; nisi ego insanio, Cic; of things, 
insaniens Bosporus, raging, Hor.; b, transf, 
to act like a madman, to rare; insanit statuas 
cineudo, Hor.; with ace., similem (errorein), 
Hor. ; sollemnia, to be fashionably mad, Hor. 

insanitas -atis, f. (insanus), mental disease, 
insanity, Cic. 

insanus -a -um. I. of unsound mind, mad, 
insane. A. Lit, Cic B. 1, acting like a mad- 
man, raging, senseless; homo flagitlis insanus, 
Cic; contio, Cic; of things, a, raging; ductus, 
Verg.; b, of great size or violence; moles, Cic; 
cupiditas insanior, Cic; 2, inspired; vates, 
Verg. II. Act., making mad; aqua, Ov. 

insatiabilis -e (in and satio). I. Pass., 
that cannot be satisfied, insatiable; cupiditas, 
Cic. II. Act., that does not satiate, uncloying, 
unwearying; pulchritudo, Cic; insatiabilior 
species, Cic. 

Ineatiablliter, adv. (insatiabilis), insati- 
ably, Lucr. 

ins&tietas -atis,- f. insatiablencss, Plaut. 

insaturabilis -e (in and saturo), insatiable ; 
abdomen, Cic. 

insaturabiliter, adv. (insaturabilis), in- 
satiably, Cic. 

inscalpo, 1. to engrave, Plin. 

inscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (in and 
scando), to ascend, mount, go up; in roguui 
ardentem, Cic. ; uavem, Plant. 

inscensio -onis, f. (inscendo), a going on 
board; in navem, Plaut. 

insciens -entis, ignorant, unaware; me in- 
seiente factum, done without my knowledge, Cic. 

insclenter, adv. (insciens), ignorantly, 
stupidly, foolishly ; faenre, Cic. 

inscientia -ae, f. (insciens), 1, ignorance, 
inexperience, want of aarttaintanee with; insci- 
entia mea, nostra, Cic. ; foil, by genit. of the 
subject, vulgi, Caes. ; of the object, locorum, 
Caes.; dicendi, Cic; 2, philosoph. t.'t., want of 
certain knowledge (opp. scientia), Cic. 

inscite, adv. (inscitus), clumsily, awkwardly, 
unskilfully ; inscite aliquid comparare cum 
aliqua re, Cic. 

inscitia -ae, f. (inscitus), 1, clumsiness, awk- 
wardness, inexperience, ignorance; with genit. of 
subject, barbarorum, Cic. ; of object, negotii 
gerendi, Cic; disserendi, Cic; 2, ignorance, 
stupidity; legionuni, Tac; erga domuin suain, 
Tac. 

inscitus -a -um, ignorant, unskilful, absurd, 
silly ; quid autem est inscitiusquam, etc., Cic. 

inscius -a -van, ignorant, net knowing; medici 
inseii imperitique, Uic; followed bygen.,oraniam 
rerum, Cic. ; culpae, free from, Verg. ; equus 
inscius aevi, not confident of its strength, Verg.; 
with rcl. sent., inscii quid in Aeduis gereretur, 
Cans. 

insoribo -scrips! -scriptum, X I. to write 
in or on, Inscribe; 1, lit., aliquid inbasi tr> ij>a<:- 
ornm, Cic; nomen monuments, Cic; librnm, to 
givea title to abook, Cic; lis., toimpress; oratfonen) 
in ftujiuo, Cic; 2, transf., g,, to assign j sibi 



ins 



M5 ins 



nolhen philosophi, to assume, Cic. ; b, to ascribe ; 
deOs sceleri, to charge the gods with crime, Ov. 
II. A. to give an inscription or title to; inscrilio 
epiBtolam patri, to address, Cic. ; liber qui Oeco- 
nomicus inscribitur, is entitled, Cic; flores 
inscripti noiuiiia regum, marked with, Verg. ; 
versa pulvis inscribitur hasta, is marked with, 
Verg. B. to brand, Juv. 

inscriptlo -onis, f. (inscribe), a writing in 
or upon ; 1, notninis, Cic. ; 2, the inscription on 
a statue, the title of a book, Cic. 

1. insoriptus -a -uni (in and scribo), un 
written, Quint. 

2. inscriptus -a -urn, partic. of inscribo. 
lnsoulpo -sculpsi -sculptum, 3. to cut or 

carve in, engrave; 1, lit., summam patrimonii 
•saxo, Hor. ; foedus columna aenea, Liv. ; 2, 
transf., to impress; natura insculpsit in ment- 
ibus, Cic. 

insecabilis -e, that cannot be cut, insepar- 
able, indivisible, Quint. 

inseco -sScui -sectum, 1. to cut into, cut to 
pieces; gurgi '^nes, Cic; cutem, to make an 
incision in, Liv. 

inseotatio -6nis, f. (insector), 1 lit, a fol- 
lowing, pursuit, Liv. ; 2, transf., railing at, de- 
riding, insulting; alicuius, Liv. 

insectator -5ris, m. (insector), a pursuer, 
persecutor ; plebis, Liv. 

insector, 1. dep., to follow, pursue; 1, lit., 
aquila insectans alias aves, Cic. ; 2, transf., to 
pursue with harsh words, reproach, inveigh 
against, rail at ; aliquem maledictis, Cic. ; audac- 
iam improborum, Cic. 

Inseddbiliter, adv. (in and sedo), inex- 
tinguishably, unquenchably, Lucr. 

insenesoo -senui, 3. to grow old at or among; 
libns et curis, Hoi'. 

insensilis -e, insensible, imperceptible, Lucr. 

1. insepultus -a -uni (partic. of insepelio). 

2. insepultus -a -urn (in and sepelio), un- 
buried ; acervi civium, Cic; aliquem insepultum 
projicere, Liv.; sepultura, burial without the 
customary solemnities, Cic. 

lnsequor -seciitus or -sgquutus sum, 3. to 
follow after, follow on, succeed. I. A. Lit 
insequitur acies ornate armataque, Liv ; with 
ace, temere insecutae Orphea sllvae, Hor. B. 
Transf., a, mors insecuta est Gracchum, overtook, 
Cic ; b, ot time, to follow ; hunc proximo saecnlo 
lheinistocles insecutus est, Cic ; annus in- 
sequens, Liv. ; c, to pursue a subject; insequar 
iongius, Cic. II. to follow or pursue with hostile 
intent. A. Lit, aliquem gladio stricto Cic ■ 
clamore et minis, Cic B. Transf., a, to press 
hard; homines benevolos contumelia, Cic • b 
to censure, reproach, attack; aliquem irridendo' 
Cic; vitae eius turpitudinem, Cic. 

• 1 'J nsS o° ' 9§vi - srtum . 3 - 1, to sow in, plant 
in, vim. ; 2, to implant ; inserit novas opiniones 
evelht insitas, Cic; partic, insitus -a -urn 

implanted, innate, inborn ; insitus menti coo-nit- 
lonis amor, Cic; 3, to unite; corpora anunis 
Cic ' 

2. insero -sertti -sertum, 3. to put, place, set 
in, insert. I. Lit., collum in laqueum Cic • 
oculos in alicuius pectora, to fix the gaze upon, 
Ov. II. Transf., A. Meton., to introduce, 
insert into, intermingle with; jocos historiae, 
Ov. ; deos minimis rebus, Liv. ; se alicui rei, to 
meddle with, Ov. B. to incorporate with, place 
among; aliquem vatibus, Hor. 

lnsertim, adv. by insertion, Lucr. 

inserto, l. (inteus. of 2. insero). to insert, 
J>ut into; clypco sinistram, Verg. 



inservio, 4. to serve. I. Lit., as a \as.sa'( or 
subject, reges inservientcs, Tac II. Transf., to 
serve. A. to be devotul to, to pay attention to ; 
alicui, Cic ; nihil est inseivituin a me temporis 
causa, Cic. B. to be devoted to a thing, to take 
care of; inservi (valetudinl), Cic 

insessus, partic. of insideo and instdo. > 

illSlbllo, 1. to hiss, pipe, whistle in, Ov. 

insideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (In and sedeo). I. 
Intransit., to sit upon. A. Lit., a, with dat., 
or abl., immani et. vastae beluae, Cic ; equo, 
Cic. ; b, to have one's seat or place (of the 
Penates), Cic. B. Transf., a, insidens capulo 
manus, resting upon, Tac. ; b, to be settled, to 
dwell, remain; insidet quaedam in optimo 
quoque virtus, Cic. II. Transit, a, to take pos- 
session of, occupy; locum, Liv.; b, to inhabit; 
ea loca, Tac. 

insidiae -arum, f. (insideo), an ambush. I. 
Lit, a, insidiaslocare, Liv. ; collocare, Caes. ; b, 
of the place of ambush, militesin insidiis colloc- 
are, Caes. II. Transf., a, a snare, trap, treachery, 
deceit, plot ; insidias vitae ponere or facere, Cic; 
insidias ponere contra aliquem, Cic. ; insidias 
alicui parare, Cic. ; insidias opponere, tendere. 
collocare, strnere, adhibere, comparare, Cic ; 
insidias componere, Tac ; per insidias, ex in- 
sidiis, or insidiis, treacherously, Cic ; b, illusion, 
deception ; noctis, Verg. 

insldlator -oris, m. (insidior), a spy, way- 
layer, lurker, traitor, Cic. ; viae, Cic. 

insidior, 1. dep. (insidiae). I. to lie in am- 
bush against, lie in wait for, Caes. ; hostibus, 
Ov. ; ovili, Verg. II. a, to plot against the 
life of; alicui, Cic; b, to watch for, wait for; 
somno luaritorum, Cic. ; tempori, to wait for 
the fitting opportunity, Liv. 

insldiose, adv. with superl. (insidiosus), 
deceitfully, treacherously, insidiously, Cic. 

insidiosus -a -urn (insidiae), deceitful, cun- 
ning, treacherous, full of snares; a, of inani- 
mate objects, insidiosus et plenus latronnm 
locus, Cic. ; dementia alicuius, Cic. ; b, of per- 
sons, quis insidiosior? Cic. 

insido -sedi -sessum, 3. to sit, settle, ' perch 
upon. I. floribus (of bees), Verg. ; digitos mern- 
bris, sink into, Ov. II. A. to settle, dwell ; jugis, 
Verg.; with ace, cineres patriae, Verg. B. 1, 
to beset a place, take up one's pod at; with dat., 
silvestribus locis, Liv.; with aec, tmnulos, Liv.; 
of things, semen in locis insedit, takes root in, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., to sink deep; in aniino, Cic. 

inslgne -is, n. (insignis), a signal, token. 

A. (ien., Cic ; nocturnum, a night-signal, Liv. 

B. Esp., 1 ? the official badge of a magistracy; 
insigne regiuui, Cic. ; more commonly plur., 
insignia, badges, insignia ; imperatoris, Caes. ; 
sacerdotum, Liv. ; regia, Cic ; transf., insignia 
virtutis. laudis, Cic; 2, orationis lumina et 
quoddanimodo insignia, beauties, Liv. 

insignio, 4. (insignis), 1, to put a mark, 
sign, or token upon, to impress ; in animis tam- 
quam insignitae notae veritatis, Cic ; 2, a, to 
distinguish ; aliquem notii, Liv. ; cum omnis 
annus fnneribus et cladibus insigniretur, was 
remarkable for, Tac. ; b, to adorn ; agros tropaeis, 
Verg. ; clipeum Io auro insignibat, Verg. 

insignis -e (in and signum), distinguished by 
a token, remarkable, noted, notable; 1, lit., bos 
maculis insignis, Verg. ; uxores insignes auro et 
purpura, Liv. ; Phoebus insignis ennibus, Ov. ; 
insignis ad deformitatem, remarkably ugly, Cic. ; 
2, transf., remarkable, eminent, distinguished, ex- 
traordinary ; improbitas, Cic. ; virtus Scipionis, 
Cic ; insigne ad irridendum vitium, Cic. 

insignite, adv. with compar. (insignitusl 
remarkably, extraordinarily, Cic. 



ms 



28(3 



iiiS 



lnsigmter, adv. with com par. (insignia), 

ffmarkably, extraordinarily, Cie. 

insigmtus -a -um (p. adj. from insignio), 1, 

marked to a» to be known, noticeable, plain; 
Imago. Cie ; notae veritatis, Cic. ; 2, striking, 
remarkable, unexampled; imagines, Cic; in- 
signitior contumelia, Liv. 

insile -is, n. the spool or bobbin on which 
the yarn was twisted in weaving, Lucr. 

insilio -sllui -sultum, 4. (in and salio), to leap, 
spring, jump in or on; in phalangas, Cars. ; in 
eqnum, Liv.; tergo, Ov. ; with aceus., Aetnam, 
IJor. ; undas, Ov. (perf. insilivit, Liv.) 

inslmulatio -onis, f. (insimulo), an accusa- 
tion, charge; probrorum, Cic. 

insimulo, 1. to charge, accuse, blame; with 
ace. of pers., aliquem falso, Cic. ; with accus. 
and infiii., quod eos insinmlemus omnia incerta 
dicere, Cic. ; with ace. of pers. and genit., se 
peccati quod, etc., Cic. ; with simple ace, quod 
ego insimulo, Cic. 

insinoerus -a -um, tainted, putrefying; 
cruor, Verg. 

inoiniiatio -onis. f. (insinno), rhet. t.t, the 
gaining the favour of the audience, Cic. 

insiniio. 1. to introduce by windings or 
turnings, to insinuate. A. Lit., Romani qua- 
cumque data intervalla essent, insinnabant or- 
dines suos, pushed forward their flies into the 
gaps of the enemy, Liv. ; refl., se insinuare, or 
simply insinuare, and middle insinuaii, to pene- 
trate, work one's way in, to insinuate oneself, 
insinuare in forum, Cie. ; se inter equituin tur- 
mas, Caes. ; qua se inter valles flumen insinuat, 
Liv. B. Transf., se in familiaritatem alicuins, 
Cic. ; insinuare se in philosophiam, Cic. ; se in- 
sinuare, or insinuare alicui, to gain the. good will 
of, Cic. ; penitus in causam, to get to know 
thoroughly, Cic. 

insipiens -entis (in and sapiens), foolish, 
stupid, Cic. 

InsIpJenter, adv. (insipiens), foolishly, stup- 
idly, Plaut. 

inslpi :it:a -ae, f. (insipiens), foolishness, 
stupidity, Cic. 

insisto -stlti, 8. I. to stand on, set foot on, 
tread on, place oneself on. A. Lit., 1, cingulus 
lunae in quo qui insistunt, etc., Cic.; digitis, to 
stand on the tip of one's toes, Ov. ; limen, Verg. ; 
pedum primis vestigia plantis, Cic. ; insistere 
vestigiis alicuins, to tread in the steps o/(fig.), 
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to enter on a journey, pursue ; 
iter, Liv.; d, to follow hard on; referent ibns 
pedem, Liv. B. Transf., 1, perge tenere istam 
viam quam institisti, Cic; 2, esp., to follow any 
object or occupation eagerly, persist in ; totus et 
mente et. amnio in beUtnn fnsistit, Caes. ; with 
ace, rationem belli, to follow out the plan of the 
war, Caes. ; munus, Cic. ; with dat., ei rei, Liv. 
II. to remain still, standstill. A. Lit., stellae 
insistunt, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a, to stop, pause; 
in speech, quae qunm dixisset paulnmque in- 
atitisset, "Quid est," Inquit, Cic; b, to pause 
over, dwell upon; singulis peccatonnu gradibns, 
Cic; 2, to be fixed, or obstinate in; importune, 
Cic ; erndelitati, Toe. ; with inlin., sequi, Cic. ; 
3, to be at a. stand — to doubt ; in reliquis rebus, 
Cic 

insiticius -a -um (1. insero), engrafted, 
foreign, Plin. 

insltio -onis,. f. (1. insero), 1. a grafting, 
budding; plur., insitiones, the kinds of grafting, 
Cic ; 2, nieton., the grafting season, Ov. 

InsitlVUS a -um (1. insero), grafted, en- 
grafted : 1, lit'., pira, Hor. ; 2, transf., a, 



foreign ; quaedam disciplinae, Cic. ; b, sup- 
posititious, not genuine, Phacdr. 

insitor -oris, in. (1. insero), a grafter, Prop. 

insltus -a -um, pavtic. of 1. insero. 

insociabilis -e, that cannot be joined to- 
gether, unsociable, unsocial; gens, Liv,; with 
dat., homines generi humano insociabilcs, Liv. 

insolabilitcr, adv. (in and solor), inenn- 
soldbly, Hor. 

insolens -entis (in and soleo). I. unusual, 
contrary to custom; quid tu Athenas insolens? 
Ter. II. A. unaccustomed to, unused to; in- 
fantine, Cic.; in dicendo, Cic. B. I, itmisual, 

extravagant; verbum, Cic ; 2, of behaviour, n, 
prodigal; non ftiisse insolentem in pecunia, 
Cic; b, proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent; 
exercitus, flushed with victory, Hor. ; ostentatio, 
Cic. 

insolenter, adv. (insolens), l,unusually, in 
a way contrary to custom; evenire vulgo soleat, 
an insolenter et raro, Cic ; 2, a, immoderately, 
excessively; his festivitatibus insolentius abuti, 
Cic. ; b, haughtily, arrogantly, insolently; sf> 
efl'erre, Cic. 

insolcntia -ae, f. (insolens). I. the not being 
accustomed to a thing, inexperience in, strangeness; 
huius dispulationis, Cic. II. A. strangeness, 
affectation, novelty of diction; verbqrum, Cic 
B. extravagance, profuseness, Cic. C. pride, ar- 
rogance, insolence, Cic. 

insolesco, 3. (in and soleo), a. to behave ex- 
travagantly ; magis insolescente Plancina, Tac ; 
b, to become haughty or insolent, be elated ; per 
licentiam insolescere animum humannm, Sail. 

insolidus -a -um, weak, soft, tender ; herba, 
Ov. 

insSlitus -a -um. I. Act-., unaccustomed to; 
ad laborcm, Cnes. ; with genit., rerum bellic- 
arum, Sail. II. Pass., a, unusual, strange; 
haec in soli ta mihi ex hoc loco ratio dicendi, 
Cic; b, uncommon, unusual; insolita mihi 
loquacitas, Cic; verbum, Cic. 

insolubllis -e, 1, that cannot be paid, Sen.; 
2, incontrovertible, indubitable, Quint. 

insomnia -ae, f. (insomnia), sleeplessness, 

loss of sleep ; gun. in plur., insomniis carere, Cic 

insomnis -e (in and somnus), sleepless; in- 
aomnes magis quam pervigiles, Tac; draco, Ov. ; 
of tilings, nox, Verg. 

1. insomnium -ii, n. (in and somnus), sleep- 
lessness, Plin. 

2. insomnium -ii, n. (in and somnus), a 
dream; sing., Tac. ; plur., Verg. 

insono -sSniii -aonltura, l. I. Intransit., to 

make a noise in, sound, resound; insonuere 
cavernae, Verg..j ftagcllo, to crack a whip, Verg. 
II. Transit., to make to sound; verbera, Verg. 

insons -sontis, 1, innocent, guiltless; in- 
sontes sicut sontes circumvenire, Sail.; 2, poet., 
transf., harmless; Cerberus, Hor. 

insopitus -a -inn (in and sopio), not lulled 
to sleep, wakeful, watchful; draco, Ov. 

inspargo = inspergo (q.v.). 

inspecto, l. (intens. of inspicio), to lank at 
or t'ii, observe, view ; inspectata spolia Sam- 
nitium, Liv.; inspectante exercitu interfici, Cic 

inspcrans -antis (in and spero), not hoping, 
imi expecting; insperanti mihi scd valde optanti 
cecldit nt) etc., Cic. 

insperato, adv. (insperatns), unexpectedly, 
Plaut. 

insperatUS -a -um (in and spero), unhoped 
for, v inspected ; pecuniae, Cic. ; malum, Cic. ; ex 
insjiei:iin, unexpectedly, Liv. 



ma 



28? ins 



liisjjei-go iiut inspargo, -Sl>ersi (-sparsi), 
-spersum (-sparsuiu), 3. (iu and spargo). I. to 
sirew, sprinkle in or on; molani ct viimm, Cic. 
II. to besprinkle, Plin. 

inspicio -spexi -speetum, 3. (in and specio). 
I. to look, see in or on. A. Lit., 1, faciem, Ov.J 
speculum, Phaedr. ; 2, to look into, read; leges, 
Cic. ; verba, Ov. B. Transf., to examine, look 
into, become acquainted with ; aliquem a puero, 
Cic. II. to contemplate, view, observe; 1, gen., 
lignum publicum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, aa buyer, to 
inspect; candelabrum, Cic. ; b, as a messenger, 
to investigate; sociorum res, Liv. ; c ? as an in- 
spector, milit. 1. 1., to inspect ; anna militis, Cic. ; 
viros, Liv. ; d, as a sacriiicer, fibras, Ov. ; e, 
as a spy, domos, Verg. 

inspico, 1. to sharpen a point, Verg. 

inspiro, 1. 1, intransit, to breathe upon, to 
blow upon; conchae, Ov. ; 2, transit, a, lit., to 
breathe, blow in or on ; venenum morsibus, Verg. ; 
b, transf., to breathe into, inspire, rouse, inflame; 
alicui occultum ignem, Verg. 

inspoliatus -a -um (in and spolio), not de- 
spoiled, not plundered ; anna, Verg. 

inspuo -spui -sputum, 3. to spit in or upon, 
Plin. 

insputo, 1. to spit upon, Plaut. 

instabilis -e. I. Act., A. that does not stand 
firm, unstable, tottering ; pedes instabilis ac vix 
vado fidens, Liv. B. Transf., a, unsteady, not 
keeping its ground; hostis instabilis ad con- 
ferendas manus, Liv. ; b, unstable, inconstant, 
changeable ; motus, Caes. ; animus, Verg. II. 
Pass.,o?!. which it is impossible to stand, insecure; 
tellus, Ov. 

instabilitas -atis, f. (instabilis), instability, 
Plin. 

instans -antis, p. adj. (from insto), 1, present ; 
subst., instans -antis, n. the immediate present, 
Cic. ; 2, pressing, urgent; instantior cura, Tac. 

instanter, adv. (instans), urgently, earnestly, 
vehemently ; instantius coucurrere, Tac. 

iustantia -ae, f. (insto), the present time, Cic. 

instar, n. indecl., an image, likeness, picture, 
sketch ; a, quantum instar in ipso ! what an 
inclosing presence, Verg.; gen. Willi genit., like 
to, as great as, after the fashion of; navis cybaea 
maxima triremis instar, Cic. ; instar montis 
equus, Verg. ; instar alicuius or alicuius rei esse, 
instar habere, instar obtinere, to be like, to be as 
good as, to be in theplaceof ; Eranaquae fuit non 
vici instar sed urbis, Cic. ; Plato mini unus est 
instar omnium, Cic. ; alicuius rei instar putare or 
reri, to think a thing as good as, consider it equal 
to; idque si accidat, mortis instar putemus, 
Cic. ; b, of number, as many as, as large as; 
cohortes quaedam quod instar legionis videretur, 
Caes. 

instauratio -onis, f. (instauro), repetition, 
renewal; ludorum, Cic. 

instaurativus -a -um (instauro), renewed, 
repeated ; ludi, Cic. 

instauro, 1. (in and *stauro from sto, stare). 
I. to renew, repeat, begin anew ; 1, a, of public 
solemnities and ceremonies, sacrificium, Cic. ; b, 
of any kind of action, scelus, CAedem, Cic. ; 
novum dc integro belluin, Liv.; 2, a, to reani- 
mate, restore; instaurati (sunt) aninii, Verg. ; b, 
to repay, requite; talia Graiis, Verg. II. to set 
about, prepare; choros, Verg. 

insterno -stravi -stratum, 3. I. to strew 
over, cover over; equum, to saddle ov cover with a 
saddle-cloth, Liv. II. to spread over; modicis 
tignis, Hor. 

instigator -oris, ni, (instigo), an, instigator, 
stimulator; sibi qulsque dux et instigator, Tac. 



instigatrix -trlcis, f. (instigator), she that 
instigates, Tac. 

instigo, 1. (in and KTIG-o = <ni& whence 
also instinguo), to instigate, incite, stimulate; 
aliquem in aliquein, Liv. ; absol., iustigautc te, 
at your instigation, Cic. 

instillatio -onis, f. (instillo), a dropping 
into, Plin. 

instillo, 1. to drop in, pour in, by drops; 
oleum luinini, Cic. ; transf., to instil ; praeceptum 
auriculis, Hor. 

instimulator -oris, m. (instimuly), an in- 
stigator; seditiouis, Cic. 

instimulo, 1. to stimulate, arouse, incite, Qv. 

instinctor -oris, in. (instinguo), an. inciter, 
instigator; sceleris, Tac. 

instinotus -us, m. (instinguo), instigation, 
incitement; instinctu divino, Cic. ' 

instinguo -stinxi -stinctum, 3. (in and 
STIG-o = oritja, whence also instigo), to in- 
stigate, incite ; gen. in partic, instinctUS 
-a -um, incited, impelled ; furore, Cic. 

instlpiilor, 1. dep., to stipulate or bargain 
for, Plaut. 

instita -ae, f. a seam, border, or flounce on a 
lady's robe; metqn., a taily ; nulla, Ov. 

institio -onis, f. (insisto), a standing still ; 
stellarum, Cic. 

institor -oris, in. (insto), a broker, factor, 
huckster, pedlar ; mercis, Liv. 

Institorium -ii, n. (institor), the business of a 
hawker'. Suet. 

instituo -fii -fltum, 3. (in and statuo). I. to 
put or place into; vestigia nuda sinistri pedis, 
Verg. II. to arrange. A. Lit., 1, milit t. t., 
draw up in order; acieni duplicem, Caes. ; 2, to 
prepare, make ready, build, construct; turrim, 
pontes, naves, Caes. ; vineas, Cic. ; dapes, Verg. 
B. Transf., l f to make arrangements for, begin, 
undertake; historiam, Cic; iter, Cic; with 
infin., to resolve upon, determine; onpidum op- 
pugnare, Cic; historias scribere, Nep. ; 2, a, 
to appoint, ordain, establish, introduce, institute; 
portorium, Cic; dies festos, Liv.; ludos, Ov. ; 
with ut and the subj., to arrange that, etc., Cic. ; 
with infin., Caes.; b, to settle, to administer; 
civitates, Cic; c, to instruct, teach, educate for 
a particular purpose; aliquem ad diceuduru, 
Cic 

lnstitutfo -onis, f. (instituo), 1, arrange- 
ment; rerum, Cic; institutionem suam con- 
scrvare, method, Cic ; 2, instruction ; doctoris, 
Cic. ; Cynica, the principles of the Cynic philo- 
sophy, Tac. 

instilutum -i, n. (instituo), 1, an under- 
taking, purpose ; non ad nostrum institutum 
pertinet, Cic. ; 2, an old-established custom, ar- 
rangement, institution; majorum, Cic; insti- 
tutum vitae capere, to adopt a rule of life, Cic. ; 
ex institute, according to custom, order, Liv. ; 3, 
instruction, precept; philosophiae, Cic. 

insto -stiti -staturus, 1. I. to stand in or 
on; rectam instas viam, Plaut. IL A. to be 
close to, follow closely; 1, lit, vestigiis, Liv.; 
2, transf., a. to press Upon, pursue eagerly, urge., 
harass ; absol., Cic. ; witli dat., adversario. Cic ; 
hosti, Liv.; b, currum, to be zealous in building, 
Verg. ; to pursue or devote oneself eagerly to any- 
thing ; operi, Verg.; with ' following infin., to 
persist, not to cease, to persevere ; poscere recu- 
peratores, Cic ; c, to persist, insist, askpressingly ; 
alicni instarc ut, with subj., Cic. ; d, of time, to 
approach,, draw nigh, threaten; dies instat quo, 
etc., Cic. B. to stand upon, be fixed;, jugis, 
Verg. 



ms 



U88 



111L 



L instratus -a -um (in and sterno), un- 
covered, V£rg. 

2. instratus, partic. of insterno. 

instrenuus -a -urn, inactive, lazy, idle, 
riant. -. 

lnstrepo -iii -ItuiiT, S. to make a noise, rattle, 
clatter, creak ; sill) pnndere axis instrepat, Wig. 

instringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to hind ; in- 
Stricta fides gemmis, ()v. 

lnstructi, adv. with compar. (instructus), 
with Great preparation ; ludos instmctius fecit, 
Liv. 

lnstructlo -onis, f. (instruo), a setting in 
array, drawing up in order ; militum, Cic. 

Instructor -oris, m. (instruo), a preparer; 
convivii, Cic. 

1. instructU3 -a -tun, p. adj. (from instruo), 
1, provided with, furnished ; Graecia instructa 
COpiU, Cic. : 2, instructed, learned ; in jure 
civili, Cic. ; instructor a jure chili, Cic. 

2. instructUS -Gs, m. (instruo), a prepara- 
tion, provision; fig. =r matter (in a speech), 
while oru&txis— rhetorical ornament, quocumque 
(oratio) ingreditur, eodem est instructa orna- 
tnque comitata, Cic. 

instrumentum -i, n. (instruo). I. a tool, 
implement, instrument; a, sing., instrumentum 
villae, implements of husbandry, Cic. ; niilitare, 
Caes. ; belli, Cic. ; b, plur., instrumenta anilia, 
dress, Ov. II. Transf., 1, store, stock; oratoris, 
Cic; 2,- means to an end; instrumenta ad Qb- 
tinendam sapientiam, Cic. 

Instruo -struxi -structum, 3. I. to build in 
or into ; contabulationes in parietes, Caes. II. 
A. to set up, build; muros, Nep. B. to arrange, 
prepare; a, lit., apud aliquem epulas instruere, 
Liv. ; b, transf., instruere fraudem, Liv. C. to 
furnish, equip, provide; 1, gen., a, lit., domum 
Biiam in provincia, Cic; domus Instructa oraedes 
instructae, a furnished house, Cic; b, transf., 
acensationem et petitionem adornare atque in- 
struere, Cic. ; of persons, aliquem mandatis, 
Liv.; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t, (a) to arm; 
exercttam, Liv.; (/3) to draw up in order of battle, 
to post ; exercitum, aciem, Cic ; b, to teach, 
Instruct ; aliquem ad omne officii munus, Cic. 

insuavls -e, 7io? sireet, unpleasant, disagree- 
able ; littera insnavis.siina, ill-sounding, Cic. ; 
homo, Hot.; vita, Cic. 

Ineubres -Ivan and -um, m. the Insubrians, 
a people in Cisalpine Han't, whose capital was 
Mediolanum (Milan); sing., Insuber -bris, in. 
cm Insubrian. Adj., Insuber -bris -bre, In- 
subrian. 

Insuber, v. Insubres. 

insudo, 1. to sweat in or at; libellis insudat 
manus, Hor. 

insuefactus -a -um (in -sueo and facio), 
accustomed to, inured to, Caes. 

insuesco -sufvi -suStum, 3. I. Intransit., 
to accustom oneself to, to become used to; corpori, 
Tac. ; ad disoiplinam, Liv. ; with infln., victoria 
frui, Liv. II. Transit., to accustom, habituate 
any one to ; insuevit pater hoc me, Hor. 

1. insuetus -a -um (in and suesco), 1, un- 
accustomed to, unused to; with genit., laboris, 
Caes. ; with dat., moribus Romanis, Liv. ; with 
ad and the ace, ad stabilem pugnain, Liv.; with 
infin., vera audire, Liv.; 2, pass., unusual, 
unwonted; solitudo, Liv.; poet., insueta (ncut. 
plur.) as adv., unusually ; rudere, Verg. 

2. Insuetus -a -um, partic of insuesco. 
Insula -ae, f. 1, on island, Cic. ; 2, a detached 

house or building, let out to several poor Jnmi- 
iies, Cic. ; a hired lodging, Tac, Suet. 



insulnnus -i, m. (insula), an islander, Cic. 
lnsulse, adv. (insnlsus), insipidly, tastelessly, 
sillily, absurdly; loqui, Cic. 

insulsitas -atis, f. (insnlsus), Insipidity, 
tastelessn ess, absurdity ; Graecorum, Cic. 

insulsus -a -uin (iii and salsns), 1, vnsulteil. 
insipid ; O gulam insiflsam, pleased with taste- 
less food, Cic, ; 2, insipid, tasteless, absurd, 
foolish; genus ridiculi, Cic. ; adolescens, Cic. 

insulto, 1. (intens. of insilio), 1, to leap at 
or on; busta, Hor.; nemora., dance through, \ erg.; 
2, to scoff at, revile, insult, deride; alicui in 
calamitate, Cic. ; multos bonos, Sail. ; in rem- 
publicam, Cic. 

insultura -ae, f. (insilio), a leaping at or on 
anything, Plant. 

tnsum -ffti -esse, to be in or on; 1. lit., 
comae insunt capiti, Ov. ; ferrum quale hastis 
velitaribus inest, Liv. ; 2, transf., (0 be in, to 
be contained in, to belong to; with in and the 
abl., superstitio in qua inest inanis timor, Cic; 
vitium aliqnod inesse in moribus, Cic; with 
dat., cui virile ingenium inest, Sail. 

insumo -sumpsi -sumptuin, 3. to take for 
anything, expend; teruncium in aliquem, Cic. ; 
sumptuin in rem, Cic. ; pauoos dies refioi- 
endae olassi, Tac; operam libellis nccusa- 
toiiini, Tac. 

insUO -sfii -sutum, 3. to sew in, sew up, sew 
on; aliquem in culeum, Cic; insutum vestibus 
aurnm, embroidered, sewn on, Ov. 

insuper. I. Adv. A. Lit, 1, above, over, 
overhead; insuper injicere centones, Caes. ; 2, 
from above; jngum insuper imniinens, Liv. 
B. Transf., over and above, in addition, more- 
orer, besides; insuper etiam, Liv. ; insuper quani, 
Liv. II. Prepos. with ace, Cato. 

insuperabilis -e, 1, insurmountable, im- 
passable; via, Liv.; 2, transf., unconquerable; 
genus insuperabile hello, Verg. ; fatum, inevit- 
able, Ov. 

insurgo -surrexi -surrectnin, 3. to rise up, 
raise oneself up. I. Lit. A. Of persons, to rise 
to one's full height, in order to give more force to 
some action of the body ; arduus insurgens, Liv. ; 
of rowers, insurgite remis, put all your strength 
into the stroke, Verg. B. Of things, inde colles 
insurgunt, Liv. ; of the wind, aquilo, Hor. ; of 
water, vastius insurgens docimae ruit impetus 
undae, Ov. II. Transf., a, to increase in power ; 
Caesar paulatiin insurgere, Tac. ; b, to rise up 
against; suis regnis, Ov. 

instisurro, l. to whisper, whisper in the ear ; 
a, intransit., alicui, Cie. ; in aurem alicuius, 
Cic ; b, transit., alicui cantilenam, Cic. 

IntabeSCO -tabui, 3. 1, to pine, waste, wither 
away gradually ; diuturno morbo, Cic. ; 2, to 
become liquid, melt ; cera igni, Ov. 

intactilis -e, that cannot be touched, Lucr. 

1. intactus -a -um (in and tang?), un- 
touched. I. Gen., nix, virgin, Liv. ; cervix 
juvencae, untouched by the yoke,\ erg.; Britaiimts, 
unconquererl, Hor. ; intactum Graecis cannon, 
not attempted by, Hor. II. Esp., a, unhurt; 
prope intacti evasere, Liv. ; b, pure., rlmste ; 
Pallas, Hor.; c, intactus aliqua re prabaliqua 
re, free, from ; infamia, cupiditate, Liv. 

2. intactus -us, m. intangibility, Lucr. 

intaminatus -a -um (in and "tamino, 

whence also contamino), unstained, unspotted; 
honores, Hor. 

1. intectUS -a -um, 1, uncovered, unclothed, 
unarmed; pedes, Tac; dux, Tac; 2, open, 
frank, Tac 

2. intectUS -a -um, partic of intego. 



int 



289 



int 



intogoiius :i ,-uiii (dim. of integer), tolerably 
uninjured, pretty safe, Cic. 

integer -gra •grain (for intager, from in and 
TAG-o, tango), whole, entire^ undiminished. I. 
Physically, a, unharmed, unwounded, Cic; in- 
tegros pro sauciis arcessere, Sail. ; b, of food, 
fresh, untainted; aper.'Hor. ; c, unhurt, un- 
diminished, whole; snblieae quarnm pars in- 
ferior integra remanebat, Caes. ; opes integrae, 
Hor. ; exiBtimatio, Cic; d, unmixed, pure; 
fontes, Hor. ; e, of strength, fresh, unweakened, 
unexhausted, vigorous; integris viribus repug- 
nare, Caes.; f t chaste, pure; virgo, Cat.; g, of 
health or age, sound, blooming; valetndo, Cic; 
integer aevi, in the. prime of life, Verg. ; h, of 
time, entire ; annus, Cic. ; i, undiminished, 
/resit ; integram famem ad bvnni alfero, Cic ; de 
integro, anew, Cic ; so ab integro, Cic ; as legal 
1. t., in integrum restitnere, to restored thing to 
Hit former condition; praedia, Cic. II, Morally 
and intellectually. A. Intellectually, a, iw- 
decided, undetermined ; rem integrant relin- 
quere, Cic. ; causain integrant reservare alicui, 
Cic ; in integro mini res est, or integrum est 
uiihi, / am fully at liberty, Cic. ; foil, by infin. 
or tit. and the subj., Cic; sibi integrum reservare 
de aliqUO or de aliqua re, to reserve one's freedom 
of action, Cic ; dare, to leave or grant full liberty, 
Cic ; b, inexperienced ; rudem me et integrum 
discipulum accipe, Cic. ; c, intellectually whole, 
unbiassed, impartial, free from prejudice ; integri 
testes, Cic; integrum se servare, Cic. B. 
Morally, a, uncorrupted ; se integros eastosque 
conservare, Cic; b, blameless, innocent, pure ; 
nemo integrior, Cic.; integer vitae scelerisque 
punis, Hor.; c, inviolate; fides, Tac ; jus, Cic. 

intego -texi -tectum, 3. to cover; turres 
coriis, Caes. 

integrasco. 3. (integro), to break out afresh, 
Ter. 

integratio -onis, f. (integro), a renewing, 
renewal, Ter. 

integro, adv. (integer). I. purely, correctly; 
dicere, Cic. II, a, honestly, uprightly, impar- 
tially ; judicare, Cic; b, disinterestedly; in 
privatorum periculis caste integreque versari, 
Oic 

integrftas -atis, f. (integer). I. a, unim- 
paired condition, soundness, health; corporis, 
Cic; valetttdinis, Cic; b, purity, correctness; 
incorrupta quaedam sermonis Latini integritas, 
Cic II. honesty, uprightness, integrity; in- 
tegritas vitae, Cic. 

integro, 1. (integer). I. a, to renew, repeat, 
begin afresh; pugnam, Liv. ; lacrimas, Li v. ; 
b, to heed ; elapsos in pravum artus, Tac II. 
to refresh ; animus integratttr, Cic. 

integumontiini -i, n, (intego). I. a cover- 
ing ; lanx cum integunieiitis, Liv. II. Transf., 
a cloak, disguise ; haec flagitiorum intcgumenta, 
Cic ; evolutnm illis integumentis dissimnlati- 
onis tnae, Cic. 

intellectus -us, m. (intelligo). I. a per- 
ceiving, perception, sensation, Flin. II. an un- 
derstanding, comprehension; boni, mail, Tac; 
intellectuin habere, to be understood, Tac. 

intelligens -entis, p. adj. (from intelligo), 
1, intelligent, understanding or well acquainted 
with anything ; a, of persons, vir, Cic. ; cuiusvis 
generis eius intelligens, Cic; b, of things, 
judicium, Cic; 2, a connoisseur; homo in- 
geniosuset Intelligens (opp. idiota), Cic. ; in hisee 
rebus intelligens esse, Cic. 

inteUigenter. adv. (intelligens), intelli- 
gently, with understanding ; audiri, Cic. 

intelligent^ -ae, f. (intelligens). I. a 
toneeption, idea, Cic. II. insight, intelligence, 

10 



knowledge. A. quia difflcilis crat aiiiiili, quid 
aut. qualis esset intelligentia, Cic; intelligen- 
tiam juris habere, Cic. B; a, the knowledge of 
a.cannoisseur in some art, taste, Cic ; b, under' 
standing; fretus intelligentia vestrS) Cic. ; quod 
in nostram intellige.ntiam cadit, Cic. ; res sub 
intelligentiam cadentes, Cio. 

intelligo »(intellego) -lexi -lectum, 3. 
(inter and lego), to understand, comprehend. I. 
By the senses or understanding, to mark, per- 
ceive, observe, feel ; de gesttl intelligo quid re- 
spondeas, Cic; intellexi ex tuis litteris, te 
audisse, Cic ; ex quo intelligitur or intellig- 
endiim est,, or intelligi potest, with ace aud 
infin. or rel. sent, (with quam, quantus, etc.), 
Cic II. to form an idea or conception, to think, 
to understand. A. corpus quid sit intelligo, 
Cic; with ncc and infin., to be of the opinion, 
to think; ipsi iutelligamus natimi gigni sensum 
dillgendi, Cic B. Esp., 1, to be a connoisseur ; 
tamen non multuin in istis rebus intelligo, Cic; 
2, to understand a jyerson's character, judge, ap- 
preciate ; aliquis falsus intelligitur, Tac. (syncop. 
perf., intellexti, Cic) 

Intemelii (Intimelii) -Drum, m. a people 
on the east side of the A'p>s, a branch of the 
Ligurians. Hence, Intemelium -ii, n. the 
chief town of the Intemelii. 

intemeratus -a -urn (in and temero), un- 
spotted, nndefiled, inviolate; fides, Verg. 

intemperans -antis, 1, extravagant, im- 
moderate, intemperate; intemperantis est, with 
infin., Cic. ; in augendo eointemperantior, Liv. ; 
of things, libertas, gloria, Cic; 2, esp., incon- 
tinent ; in aliqua re, Cic; of things, intern- 
perantissimae perpotationes, Cic. 

intemperanter, adv. (intemperans), im- 
moderately, extravagantly, intemperately ; intern- 
perantius opibus suis uti, Cic. 

intemperantia -ae, f. (intemperans), a, 
want of modenition, immoderateTtess, excess, intem- 
perance ; libidinuin, Cic; \\m, immoderate indul- 
gence in, Liv. ; b, insubordination, insolence, 
naughtiness, arrogance, Cic. 

intemperate, adv. (intemperatus), intem- 
perately; vivere, Cic. 

intemperatus -a -um, intemperate, im- 
moderate; intemperata quaedam benevolentia, 
Cic. ; intemperata nocte, in the dead of night, 
Ov. 

intempcriae -arum, f. (intempero), inclem- 
ent, unfavourable vicather ; transf., quae te in- 
temperiae tenent? are you crazy ? Plaut. - 

intomperies -ei, f. I. inclement, un- 
seasonable weather; caeli, Liv.; aquarum, exces- 
sive fall of rain, Liv. II. Transf., A. intem- 
perate behaviour, outrageous conduct, insubordi- 
nation ; amici, Cic. ; cohortium, Tac B. in- 
continence, intemperance; unius ex illis viris, 
Cic. 

intcmpestive, adv. (intempestivns), unsea- 
sonably ; accedere, Cic. 

intempestivus -a -um, unseasonable, un- 
timely, inopportune ; epistola, Cic. 

intompestus -a -um (in and temptts or 
tempestas), 1, unseasonable ; inteinpesta nox, 
the dead of night, Cic ; personified, Nox intein- 
pesta, the, mother of the Furies, Verg. ; 2, un- 
wholesome, unhealthy; Graviscae, Verg. 

intendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. to stretch out, 
extend. A. Lit., 1, dextram ad statuam, Cic. ; 
2, of weapons, to aim, direct ; tela, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, transit., a, to move in any direction, 
to direct totvards ; iter in or ad locum, to direct 
one's course towards, Liv. ; b, to apply the mind, 
direc' <] ie thoughts to; animum eo, Cic; animura 



int 



200 



-int 



or inentem in aliquid, Cic. ; oculos mentesqne 
ad pugnam, Caes. ; c, to direct with hostile in- 
tention, to excite; eo bellum, Liv. ; periculum 
alicui or in aliquem, Cic. ; alicui litem, Cic. ; 
2, intransit. or reflex., a, to direct one's course ; 
quo intenderat inManlianacastra pervenit, Cic; 
b, to direct one's efforts; quocumque intenderat, 
res adversae erant, Sail. ; c, to devote oneself to ; 
ad publieas curas, Tac. II. to stretch. A. Lit., 
arenm, Cic; vincula stnpea collo, stretch, round, 
Verg.; tabcrnacula carbaseis velis, to pitch, Cic. 
B. Transf., 1, to exert ; se ad Urniitatem, Cic. ; 

2, to intend; qnod animo intenderat, Cic; 

3, to raise; vocem, Verg. ; 4, to maintain, try 
tu prove; id quod intenderat confirinare, Cic. 

1. intentatus -a -um (in and tento), un- 
touched, -untried; nil intentatum nostri liquere 
poetae, unattempted, Hor. 

2. intentatus -a -um, partic. of intento. 
intento, adv. (intentus), carefully, diligently, 

attentively, vigorously; aliquan intentius ad- 
moncre, Liv. 

intentlO -onis, f. (intendo). I. a directing, 
attention, absol., Cic. ; with subject, genit., vul- 
tus, Tac. ; with object, genit., iusus, Liv. II. 
stretching; a, corporis, Cic; b, of the mind, 
an effort, exertion; animi cogitationum, Cic; c, 
intention ; adversariorum, Cic. 

intento, 1. (intens. of intendo), 1, to stretch 
towards or against, to stretch out threateningly ; 
manna in aliquem, Liv. ; sicam alicui, Cic. ; 2, 
to threaten with hostile purjwsc ; anna Latinis, 
to threaten with war, Cic. 

1. intentus -us, m. (intendo), a stretching 
cut; palmaruiii, Cic. 

2. intentus -a -um. I. Partic. of intendo. 
II. P. adj. (from intendo), a, anxious, intent, 
full of expectation ; omnes milites intenti ptignae 
proventum exspectabant, Caes. ; with ad or ad- 
versus aliquid, or with dat., attentive to, waiting 
eagerly for; in omnein occasionem, Liv.; b, 
with dat., or ad, or in with the ace, attentive 
to, intent upon, busied with, zealous in; operi 
agresti, Liv. ; esp. of soldiers, ready for battle; 
paratus et intentus, Liv. ; c, active, unceasing, 
vigorous; intentissima enra, Liv.; a, rigorous; 
disciplina, Tac. 

intepeo, 2. to be lukewarm, Prop. 

intepesco -tSptti, 3. (inchoat. of intepeo), 
to become lukewarm, grow gradually warm, Ov. 

inter (in with adverbial ending ter), prep, 
with ace. between, among, amid. A, Of space, 
1, of rest, moror inter aras, templa, Cic. ; 
quum (Hercules) inter homines esset, among 
the number of, Cic. ; inter falcarios, in the street 
of the sickle-makers, Cic. ; 2, of motion, inter 
Ktationes hostium emissi, Liv. B. Transf., 
of time, 1, between; inter horam tertiam et 
quavtam, Liv.; 2 f during, in the course of ; inter 
decern annos, Cic ; inter cenam, Cic. ; inter 
agendum, Verg. C. 1, among a class; ado- 
lescent infer suos, Cic. ; 2, between (parties, 
ndvorsarien, etc.); inter Marcellos et Claudius 
patrieios judicare, Cic; 3, of division, portion, 
inter se, between one, another, Cic. ; 4, between 
(of friendship, hostility, etc.); aiiiicitiain nisi 
inter bonos esse non posse, Cic. ; 5, with pro- 
nouns, Inter se, inter nos, inter vos, inter ipsoa, 
lietween one another, mutually; amare inter se, 
to love one. another, Cic. D. Particular phrases, 
a ? inter sienrios accusare, to accuse of murder, 
Cic. ; b. inter panca and inter paucos, especially, 
particularly, Liv. ; c, inter cuncta, before all, 
Hor. ; d, inter haec, meanxchile, Liv. (inter some- 
times put after its case, quos inter, Cic). 

intSramenta -orum, n. (inter), the wood- 
work of a ship, Liv, 



Interamna" -ae, f., 1,- a town in UmSmi, 
now Terni ; 2, a town in I.atium, now Teramo, 
Hence, adj.,1, Interamnanus -a -um ; 2, 
Interamnas -Stis, belonging to Interamna. 
Sulist., Interattinates -inm, m. the people oj 
In' ramna. 

interaresco, 3. to become dry, to dry up, 
decay, transf., Cic. 

interbibo, 3 to drink up, Plant. 

inter bl to, 3. to perish, Plant. 

intercalaris -e (intercalo), intercalary; 
cnlendae, the first day of an intercalary month, 
Cic. 

intercalarius -a -um (intercalo), inter- 
calary ; mensis, Cic. 

intercalo, 1. (lit., to call out that something 
is inserted), 1, to insert or intercalate a day or 
month in the calendar; si sciesRomae intercalat- 
ion sit neene, Cic. ; 2, to defer, put off; poenam, 
Liv. 

intercapedo -Inis, f. (intercapio), n>i inter- 
val, intermission, jwise, respite; molestiae, Cic 

intercedo -cessi -cessum, 3. to go between, 
come between. I. Lit., inter singulas legiones 
impedimentorum magnum numerum intercedere, 
Caes. II. Transf., A. a, of places, to stand, or 
lie "between; palus quae pcrpetua intercedebat, 
Caes. ; b, hence of time, to intervene; nox nulla 
intercessit, Cic. ; c, of events, to happen between ; 
saepe in bello parvis momentis magni casus in- 
tercedunt, Caes. ; d, of relations, to be between ; 
inter nos vetus usus intercedit, Cic. B. Of 
persons, to stepbeticeen ; a, by way of hindrance, 
to interpose, withstand, protest against (of the 
tribunes when they exercised their veto) ; legi, 
Cic. ; alicui, Cic. ; b, asamediator, to interpose; 
quum vestra auctoritas intercessisset ut, etc., 
Cic. ; in money transactions, to stand surety; pro 
aliquo, Cic; maguampecuniam pro aliquo, in a 
large sum for, Cic. 

interceptlo -onis, f. (intercipio); a taking 
away; poculi, Cic. 

interceptor -oris, m. (intercipio), one who 
takes away, an embezzler; praedac, Liv. 

intercessio -onis, f. (intercedo), 1, an in- 
tercession, interposition, suretyship for any one, 
Cic; 2, a protest or exercise by the tribunes of 
their veto, Cic. 

intercessor -Oris, m. (intercedo), 1, a surety, 
bail, Cic; 2, one who protests against, opposes, 
withstands (of a tribune in the exercise of his 
veto); legis, Cic 

1. intercido -cldi -clsum, 3. (inter and 
caedo), to cut off, cut asunder; pontem, to de- 
molish, pull down, Liv. ; niontem, to cut through, 
Cic. 

2. intercido -cldi, 3. (inter and cado), 1, to 
fall between, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to happen, oc- 
cur; si quae interciderunt, Cic. ; b, to become 
lost, decay, perish; inimici, ap. Cic; memoriii, 
be forgotten , Liv. ; intercidit mini aliquid, I hare 
forgotten something, Hor. 

intercino, 1. (inter and cano), to sing lr- 
tween; medios actus, Hor. 

intercipio -cSpi -ceptnmS. (inter and eapio), 
to take by the toay, intercept, I. Lit. litteras, 
Cic; comment ns, \.\\\ II. Transf., 1, to de- 
prive, of, roh, steal ; ngmm ah aliquo, Liv. ; 
aliquem neci, Ov. ; 2, to snatch away, tuny off 
prematurely; aliquem veneno, Tac; 3, to rut. 
off; iter, Liv. 

intercise,' adv. (intercisus), confusedly, in- 
terruptedly ; dicere, Cic. 

intercludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (inter and 
clndo, claudo). I. to block up, hinder; alieui 
fugam, Cic; tig., oinnes sedttionum vias, Cic. 



illt 



291 



illt 



If. A. to ail njf, separate, from; aliquem ab 
exercitu, Caes. ; aliqueiu re frumentaria, Cars. ; 
fig., intercludor dolore quominus, etc., I am 
prevented by grief, Cic. B. to enclose, shut In; 
aliquem in iis insidiis quas, etc., Cic; angustiis 
intercludi, Caes. 

interclusio -onis, f. (intercludo), a stopping 
or blocking up ; anituae, Cic. 

intercolumnium -ii, n. (inter and c<d- 
mniia), Hie space (ielare}i two columns, Cic. 

intercurro -cficurri and -enrri -enrsum, 3. 

I. 1, to run between, Lucr.; 2, lig., a, to step 
between, intercede, Cic. ; b, to run along with, be 
among, mingle with ; his laboriosis exercitation- 
ilms et dolor intercurrit, Cic. II. to run or 
hasten to in the meanwhile; Veios ad confirm- 
andos militum animos, Liv. 

intercurso, 1. (intens. of intercavro), to 
run between, Li v. 

intercursus -us, m. (intercurro), a running 
between, interposition, ; intercursu consulum, 
snorum, Liv. 

iutercus -cutis (inter and cutis), under the 
skin ; aqua, the dropsy, Cic. 

interdatus -a -urn, partic. of interdo. 

int: iico -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to forbid, 
prohibit. A. Gen., a, alicui aliquit re or aliquo ; 
Romanis omni Gallia, Caes.; b, alicui aliquid; 
alicui orbein, Ov. ; c, with or without dat. of 
person, foil, by ne or ut, etc., and the subj., in- 
terdicit atque imperat Cassivellauno ne Mandu- 
bracio uoceat, Caes. ; in pass., Pythagoreis in- 
terdietumnefabavescerentur, Cic, B. Esp., 1, 
as legal t. t., interdicere alicui aquii et igni, 
to banish, Cic; 2, sacriliciis interdicere, Caes. 
II. to order, command; 1, with ut and the subj., 
familiae ralde interdicere utunidictoaudienss'it, 
Cic. ; 2, of the praetor, to male a provisional 
or interlocutory decree ; de vi, Cic. ; praetor in- 
terdixit ut unde dejectus esset eo restitueretur, 
Cic. 

InterdictlO -onis, f. (interdico), a forbid- 
ding, prohibition; aquae et ignis, banishing, 
Cic. 

interdictum -i, n. (interdico), 1, a prohibi- 
tion; with subject, genit., C- •saris, Cic; 2, a 
praetor's interdict or provisional order, Cic. 

interdiu (interdius), adv. in the daytime, 

by day; nocte an interdiu, Liv. 

Interdo -dldi -datum, 1. to give between, dis- 
tribute, Lucr. 

intcrduatim = interdum (q.v.). 

interductus -u, m. ("interduco), inter- 
punctuation, Cic. 

interdum, adv. 1, sometimes, occasionally 
now and then; interdum . . . interdum, Cic; 
2, meanwhile, Tac 

interduo = interdo (q.v.). 
'.'- interea, adv. (inter ami aid. ea), 1, in the 
meantime, meanwhile, Cic. ; interea quum, Cic. ; 
2, nevertheless, notwithstanding, Cic. ; quum 
interea, Cic. 

interemptio -onis, f. (interimo), slaughter, 
slaying, Cic. 

interco -ii -Itum, 4. to perish, to be lost 
among. I. Lit., muriae stilla intent magni- 
tudme maris, Cic. II. Transf., to perish, be 
destroyed, be lost ; a, of tilings, intereunt sacra, 
Cic; b, of men, to die; fame aut ferro, Caes. 
(syncop. perf. forms, interisse, interissent, Cic). 

interequito, 1. to ride between; ordines 
Liv. 

interfatio -onis, f. (interfor), a speaking 
between, interruption in discourse, Cic. 



interfectio -onis, f. (interficio), a sluyhig, 
ap. Cic. 

interfector -Oris, m. (interficio), « murderer, 
slayer, Cic. 

interfectrix -tricis, f. (interfector), a mur- 
dcress, Tac. 

interficio -feci -fectinn, 3. (inter and facin), 
to destroy, put an end to, bring to naught ; a, it* 
things, messes, Verg. ; lierbas, Cic; b, of per- 
sons, to murder, to slay, kill; iHiqlieill iusidiis, 
Cic. ; Crassnm suapte interfectiun nianu, Cic. 

interfio -fieri (pass, of interficio = Inter- 
licior), to perish, Plant. 

interfliio -iluxi -iluxum, 3. to /low between ; 
Naupactum et Patras, Liv. 

in'terfluus -a -mn(\nteiRuo),jlowingbetween, 
Plin. 

interfodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig into, 
pierce, Lucr. 

interfor -fatus sum,'l. dep., to speakbetween, 
interrupt in discourse ; aliquem, Liv. ; or absol., 
Liv., Verg. (1st pers. pres. not found). 

interfiigio, 3. to flee between, Lucr. 

interfulgens -entis, shining or gleaming 
among or lie! ween, Liv. 

interfundo -fudi -ffisum, 3. to pour between ; 
middle, interfundi, to flow between; noviensStyx 
interfusa, Verg.; transf., maculis interfusa genas, 
stained with, Verg. 

intei'lbi, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime. 
Plant. 

intericio = interjlcio (q.v.). 

interim, adv., 1, meanwhile, in the mean- 
lime, Cic. ; 2, however, Cic. 

interimo -emi -emptum, 3. (inter and emo), 
to take away out of the midst; 1, of things, to 
destroy, annihilate, make an end of; sacra, Cic. ; 
2, of percons, to put out of the way, to kill, slag, 
murder; aliquem, Cic; stirpem f'ratris Virileni, 
Liv. ; se, to commit suicide, Cic. ; transf., rue 
examinant et interimunt hae voces Milonis, Cic. 

interior, interius -oris, compar. adj., 
intimus -a -urn, superl. (in-ter). I. Compar. 
interior. A. Lit., 1, inner, interior; pars 
aediuin, Cic. ; interiore epistola, in the middle 
of the letter, Cic. ; Falernum interiore neta, from, 
the, depth of the cellar, Hor. ; interior ictibus, 
within shot, Liv. ; 2, a, remote from the sea, in- 
land ; r.ationcs, Cic; interiora regni. the interior 
of the kingdom Liv. ; b, nearer, shorter (of the 
racecourse); gyrus, on the inside of the course, 
Hor. ; cursus, shorter, Cic B. Transf., 1, 
interior periculo vulneris, too near to be in 
danger of a wound, Liv. ; 2, a, more secret, more 
confidential; cmicitia, Cic; b, deeper; (a) timor, 
Cic; (/3) more erudite, profound; interiores et 
reconditae litterae, Cic. II. Super]., intTmus 
-a -urn, inmost. A. Lit., intima Macedonia, the 
very centre of Macedonia, Cic. B. Transf, 1, 
deepest, most profound; disputatio, philnsophia, 
Cic. ; 2, most secret, confidential, intimate; 
amicus, Cic. ; intimus alicui, Cic ; familiaritas, 
Nep. Bubst., intimus -i, in. an intimate 
friend, Cic. 

interitio -onis, f. (interco), destruction, 
ruin ; aratorum, Cic. 

interitus -us, m. (lntcreo), destruction, ruin, 
annihilation; a, of things, legum, Cic ; b, of 
persons, consulum, Cic. ; with abl., exercitus 
nostri interitus ferro, fame, frigore, Cic. 

interius, 1, compar. adj., v. interior ; 2, 
compar. of intra, V. intra. 

interjaceo, 2. to lie between or among; 
absol., interjacebat campus, Liv.; with dat., 



inc 



292 



int 



calnpus interjacens Tiberi nc uioenibua Ronianis, 
Liv. 

interjectus -us, m. (interjicio), a putting 
between ; a, of place, interpositu iuterjectuque 
terrae, between the sun and the moon, Cic. ; b, of 
time, an interval; interjectu noctis, after an 
interval of a night, Tac. 

interjicio (interjaclo) -jeci -jeotuin, 3. to 

throw, cast, place, put among, or between. I. Lit, 
legionaries eohortes, Caes. Partic, inter- 
jectus -a -urn, interposed, thrown between ; 
nasus, quasi murns oeulis infcerjectna, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, idqne, intcr.jee.it. inter imlividuum 
at<pie id, etc., Cic. ; interjectus inter philo- 
sophos et eos, standing between, Cic; 2, a, of 
lime, to put in between ; morani, Tac. ; anno in- 
terjecto, after the internal of a year, Cic. ; b, of 
words, to intermingle; pleraque Latino serinone, 
Cic. 

interjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to join to- 
gether, unite, connect ; dextras, Liv. 

interlabor -labi, 3. dep., to glide, fall, 
flow between; in tmesis, inter enim labentur 
aquae, Verg. 

interlego, 3. to pluck, gather here and there, 

Ve"g. 

interlino -levi -lltnm, 3. I. to daub be- 
tween; eaementa interlita Into, Liv. II. to 
erase, cancel, to falsify by erasure; testament -urn, 
Cic. 

interloquor -IScutus (-loquQtus) sum, 3. 
dep., to interrupt a person speaking, Ter. 

intcrluceo -lnxi, 2. I. to shine, gleam 
between ; terrena quaedain atque ctiam voiucria 
animalia plerumqne interlucent (in amber), Tac. ; 
impers., noctu interluxisse, there had been in- 
termls of light, Liv. II. A. to shine forth; 
qulbns intar gradus dignitatis et fortunae ali- 
quid interlncet, Liv. B. to be transparent, 
capable of being seen through (on account of 
email numbers); interlncet corona (militant), 
Verg. 

interlunlum -li, n. (inter and luna), the 
change of the moon, time of new moon, Hor. 

lnterluo -iii, 3. to flow between, wash between; 
frer.um quod] Caprens et Surrentnm interluit, 
Tac. 

intermenstruus -a -urn, between two 
months; intermenstruo tempore, at the time of 
the change of the moon, Cic; subst., inter- 
menstruum -i, n. (se. tempus), the time of the 
•new moon, Cic. 

1. interminatus -a -um (in and termino), 
iinhanmled, boundless; magnitudo regionum, Cic. 

2. interminatus -a -um, v. interminor. 
interminor, l. dep., to threaten, forbid with 

tl>re"t<, Plant.; partic. perf. pass., cibus in- 
terminatus, forbidden with threats, Hor. 

intermisceo -miscui -mixtnm, 2. to mix 
with, intermix; with dafc, turham indignoruin 
intermiscere dignis, Liv.; Intermixti hostibus, 
Liv. 

intermissio -onis, f. (intermitto) I. leav- 
ing off; epistolarum, Cic; officii, Cic. II. 
respite, interruption, interval; verborum, Cic; 
Bine ulla temporis intermissione, Cic. 

intermissus -a -uin, partic of intermitto. 

intermitto -mlai -missum, 3. I. Transit., 
A. to place between ; trabes paribus intermissae 
Bpatlis, Caes. B. to leare a space between, leavefree, 
unoccupied, vnsurronnded ; 1, lit., pars oppidi 
a flamine intermissa, Caes. ; ?ora custodibus 
interiniMa, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to leare off for a 
Um.-, give over, break off, interrupt, neglect ; stadia, 
Cic; proe'mm, Caes. ; with inlin., a'licui'litteras 
lulttere, Cic: vento intermisso, the wind having 



dropped, Caes.; verba ab usu quotidian! sermdhlfl 
intermissa, obsolete, Cic. ; b, of time, to Id pass ; 
ne quern diem interiiiitterem, Cic ; with ab and 
the abb, lit reliquum tempus ab labore inter- 
mitteretur, Caes. ; with ad and the ace, nulla 
pais nocturni temporis ad laborcm intermittitur, 
Caes.; with a negat. foil, by quin and the subj., 
ncqne ullum fere; diem intermittebat quin 
perspiceret, without examining, Caes.; c, '■' 
discontinue, suspend an. office; jntermissis mag- 
istratibna, Cic. IL Intransit., to cease, leare 
°§1 f l>'a tlunien intermittit, Caes. 

intcrmorior -mortuus sum, 3. dep., to die, 
perish, decay ; 1, lit.., Suet. ; 2, transf., a, inter- 
inorinntur reliquiae con.jurationis, Cic ; eivitas 
intermoritur, Liv.; contionea interinortuae, life- 
less, Cic. ; b, to faint away, Liv. 

intermundla -orum, n. (interand mnndiis), 

spaces between the worlds (according to Epieilrus, 
the abode of the gods), Cic 

intermuralis -e, between walls; amnis, Liv. 

internascor -natus sum, 3. dep., to grow 
between ; internata virgulta, Liv. 

interne 1 cinus -a -um, v. intemecivus. 

interneclo (internicio) -6nis, f. (inter, 
neco), entire destruction, extermination, massacre, 
carnage; civium, Cic; ad interneeionem ad. 
dueere gentem, to annihilate, Liv. 

intemecivus (internecinus) -a -um 

(interneco), murderous, mortal, deadly, inter- 
necine; bellum, Cic. 

interneco, 1. to destroy utterly, exterminate ; 
hostes, Plant. 

internecto, 3. to bind together, to bind up; 
ut fibula crincm auro iuterneetat, Verg. 
internicio = intemecio (q.v.). 

internlteo -nitCii, 2. to shine among, gleam 

through, Plin. 

internodlum -ii, n. (inter and nodus), the 
sjxtce between tiro knot* or joints, Ov, 

internosco -n5vi -notnin, 3. to distinguish 
between ; geminos, Cic ; quae internosci a falsia 
non possunt, Cic 

internuntia, v. inteniuntius. 

intemuntlo, 1. to send messengers bet:v- t 
two parties, Liv. 

internuntlus -a -um, adj., nsed as subst., 
a messenger, negotiator, go-between; a, masc, 
Jovis interpretes internnntiique (of the augurs), 

Cic ; b, fem., aves internuntiae Jovis, Cic. 

internus -a -um, inward, internal, civil; 
diseordiac, Tac. 

intero -trlvi -trltum, 3. to rub, crumble, 
pound in anything, Plin. 

interpellate -5ni3, f. (interpello), inter- 
ruption, hindrance, disturbance, especially in a 
speech, Cic. 

interpellator -oris, m, (interpello), an in- 
; ter, disturber, Cic. 

interpello, l. (interand ' pello -are, intens. 
of pello -ere), 1 5 to interrupt a speaker; crebro 
dicentem, Cic; 2, to disturb, hinder, impede; 
a, of persons, aliquem in jure suo, Cic; aliquem 
ne, etc., Liv. ; comitia, Liv. J b, of things, haec 
tota res interpellata bello, Cic. 

interpolatlo -onis, f. (interpolo), an altera- 
tion, Plin. 

interpolis -e (inter and polio), furbished, 
ramped up, repaired} hence, not genuine, Plant., 
Plin. 

interpolo, l. (interpolis), l,to alter, furbish, 
repair, rump up; togam praetextam, to re-dye, 
Cic. ; 2, to spoil, no-rupt, falsify ; semper aliquid 
demenilo, mutando, intorpolando, Cic 



int 



293 



int 



interpono -pdsui •pSsftum, 3. to put, place, 
lay between or among, interpose. I. Lit., 1, 
elephantos, Liv. ; 2, a, to insert, intercalate ; 
menses iutercalaiios, Liv.; b, to insert in dis- 
course; ne inquaiu saepius interpoiieretiir, Cie. 
II. Transf., A. Of time, In allow an interval to 
pass between; spatiuni ad recrcandou animus, 
Caes. ; Bpatio interposito, after some time, Cic. ; 
inoram, Cic, cunctationem, Tac, to interpose, 
delay. B. to cause to come between, to interpose; 
operant, Htndium, laborem, to iisc, apply, Cic 
C. to introduce, bring forward; a, judicium, 
edictum, to bring forward, Cic; b, to bring 
forward, allege as a reason or pretext; gladi- 
atores iuterpositi sunt, Cie. ; c, to pledge one's 
word; in aliquid or in aliqua re lidem suani, 
Caes. D. to admit as a helper, participator, etc. ; 
1, .indices, testes, Cic.; 2, se interponere in ali- 
quid or alicui, to engage in, haoe to do with, med- 
dle; sein pacificationem, Cic; se audae.iae alieu- 
ius, Cic. E. to falsify; rationes populorum, Cic. 
intorpositio -onis, f. (interpono), 1, a bring- 
ing forward, introducing (inaspeecli); raultarum 
personarum, Cic; 2, a putting in, insertion, Cic. 
interposltus, abl. -u, m. (interpono), a 
putting between, interposition ; luua interpositu 
terrae deficit, Cic. 

interpres -prStis, c. (inter and PRET, 
*PAA, <i>p6.^u>). I. a negotiator, mediator, mes- 
senger ; judieii cornunpendi, Cic; divum, Mer- 
cury, Verg. II. A. (til expounder, explainer; 
juris, Cic ; poetarum, Cic. ; divum, prophet, 
prophetess, Verg., Liv. ; inlerpretes comitiorum, 
the hnruspiccs, who declare whether the comitia 
hare been rightly held, Cic. B. a, an interpreter; 
appellarc or alloqui aliquem per intorprctem, 
'Cic; b, a, translator; ncc couverti (orationcs) 
lit interpres, scd ut orator, Cic 

interpretatio -Onis, f. (inle.rpietor). I. 
explanation, exposition, interpretation. A. Gen., 
.juris, Cic; verborum, Cic B. Ksp., transla- 
tion, l'liu. ; coucr. = that which is translated; 
foederis, Cic II. -meaning, understanding; ncc 
interpretatio estfacilis, Liv. 

interpreter, l. dop. (interpres), to explain, 
expound, interpret, translate. A. Lit., 1, jus 
alicui, Cic; fulgura, soiunia, Cic; 2, to translate; 
epistolatu, Bcriptorcs, Cic B. Transf., 1, to put 

an interpretation on, to understand in a certain 
manner ; male, Cic; aliquid mitiorcm in partem, 
Cic; with ace and iuiiit., reditu in castra libera t- 
urn se esse jurejurando interprctabatur, Cic. ; 
2, to understand, grasp, comprehend; recto 
ahcums scntentiam, Cic; 3, to decide, determine; 
neque, rccte an pcrporain, interpreter, Cic 
(pass., Cic, csp. in pert partic.) 

Interpunctio -onis, f. (interpuugo), punc- 
tuation; verborum, Cie. 

interpungo -punxi -punctum, 8. in punc- 
tuate, point ; narratio interpuuota, well-divided, 
Cic. ; partic subst., clausulae atque interpimcta 
verborum, divisions, Cic. 

interqueror -questua sum, 3. dep., to inter- 
rupt with complaiuts, Liv. (?) 

interquiesco -qulevi -quietuin, 8. to pause 
between, rest in the meantime; quuni liaeo dix- 
issem et pauluni interquiovisseiu, Cie. 

interregnum -i, n. a period between two 
reigns, an interregnum. Cic. ; under the republic 
at Home, the time during the absence of the con- 
suls, or between the death or retirement of the 
consuls and the choice of successors, Cic. 

interrex -regis, in. a regent, person tempor- 
arily invested with royal authority, Cic. ; in later 
times, a person appointed in the absence of the 
consuls to hold the comitia, for the election of their 
successors, Cic. 



iutarrltas -a -uin (i;i and tcrrao), unterrifiea, 

■tuidanut-.d, Verg. 

intcrrogatio -Onis, f. (iuterrogo), a i/nestio\ 
questioning, interrogation, Cic; esp. a, legal t.t., 
the examination of witnesses; testinm, Tac.; 
absol., Cie.; b, logic, t.t,, an, argument, syllogism; 
apta intcrmgutioiie uoneludere, Cic. 

intcrrogatiunciUa -ac, f.(diin. ofinterrog- 
atici), a short syllogism or argument; minutae 
mterrogatiuuculae, Cic. 

interrogo, 1. I. to ask, question, interrogate ; 
te eisdein de rebus, Cie. ; interrogabat suos quis 
esset, Cie. ; interrogans soleiontue veterani 
lilllites fugere, Caes.; with double ace., pusi- 
onem quondam interrogavitquaedamgeonietrica, 
Cic; iuterrogatus scntentiam, being asked his 
opinion, Liv.; partic subst., interrSgatum 
-i, u. a question; ad interrogata respondere, 
Cic. II. Esp., a, to interrogate judicially, to 
examine; testem, Cic; b, to accuse, bring an 
action against; aliquem legibus ambitus, Sail. 

interrumpo -rupi -rnptura, 3. to break 
down, break in the middle, break asunder. I. A. 
pontein, Caes.; aciem hostium, Liv. B. to 
separate; interrupt ignes, isolated, Verg.; inter- 
ruptae vocis, broken, Cic. II. Transf., to ir* 
terrupt, disturb; a, gen., iter amoris et officii, 
Cic ; b, to interrupt a speech; orationem, Cic. 

interrupts, adv. (intemvptus from inter- 
rumpo), interruptedly, disconnectedly ; lion in- 
terrupte narrare, Cic 

intersaepio -saepsi -saeptum, 4. to hedqe <>r 
fence in, inclose, hem in, block up. I. Lit., foram- 
ina, Cic; quaedain operibus, Liv. II. Trans!'., 
cat off, separate; urboiu vallo ab arce, Liv.; 
iter, Cic 

interscindo -scidi -seissuia, ::. to c«i or hew- 
asunder. I. Lit., pontein, Cic ; \enas, to open, 
Tac II. Transf., to mil off, separate; Chalcis 
arcto intersciiiditur frcto, Liv. 

intersepio = intersaepio (q.v.). 

1. interscro -sevi -situin, 3. to sow or plant 

between, Lucr. 

2. intersSro, ". to put nr place between ; 
oscula mediis verbis, Ov. ; transf., causam inter- 
Kerens, alleging, Ncp. 

interspiratio -onis, f. a breathing between, 

a taking breath, Cic 

1. intcrstinguo -stinctus, ". to cover with 

spots or speckles; faeies intorstincla incdJcaiuiui- 
bus, Tac. 

li. intcrstinguo, 3. to extinguish; iguem, 
Lucr. 

interstrepo, 3. to roar, make a noise in the 
midst of, Verg. 

interstringo, 3. to squtczc tight; alicui 
gulam, to throttle, Plant. 

intersum -fiii -esse. I. A. to be between; 

a, of space, ut Tiboris inter eos interessct, Cic. ; 

b, of time, to intervene ; inter primuia ct sextum 
consulatum XLVI anni interfucrunt, Cic B. 
to be different, be distinguished from; ut inter eos 
ne minimum quidem iutersit, Cic ; inter bomb 
iicin et beluaui hoc maxime interest, Cic, ; quod all 
CO nihil intersit.CiC. C. to be present, take part in ; 
with in and the abl., iu eouvivio, Cic; with 
dal,, conyivio, Cic. II. Impers., interest, i'i 
concerns, it imports, it is of importance; constr. J 
(o) with genit. of person or thing, or with tll« 
fern. abl. of the possess, prou., me5, tua, sua, 
nostra, vestra, enja, nam eoruiu quoque velic 
nicnter iutoiest.Cic ; vestra hoc maxime interest. 
Cic. ; (/3) with ad and the ace. of the thing, a<i 
nostraiu laudcm nou inultum interesse, Cic; 
(y) with the i:eut., multuin, quantum, tantuni, 

plus, iilmimum, or with adv., maxime, vo« 



mt 



294 



mt 



hementei, magnopere, or with genit. of value, 
inagni, parvi, minoris, pluris, inagni, Cic. ; (&) 
willi inlin., or ace. ami in tin., or at or no, or 
with vol. si'iit., inagni interest meS una nos 
esse, Cic; illud magui mea interest ut te videani, 
Cic. ; nunquain enim interest uter sit eorum 
in jit'de extremo, tie, 

lntertexo -texiii -textam, 3. to weave together, 
interweave; (lores liederis intertoxti, Ov. ; 
chlamys anro intertexta, Verg. 

intertraho -traxi, 3. to take away, Plant 

intertrlmentum -i, n. (inter and tern). 
I. loss by friction, loss in working gold- and silver; 
argenti, Liv. II. Transf., loss, damage; sine 
ullo intertrimento, Cic. 

interturu^tio -onis, f. disturbance, disquiet, 
Liv. 

intervallum -i, n. (inter and vallus), a 
space between two palisades; lienee, I. A. an 
intervening space, interval, distance; pari iuter- 
vallo, at an equal distance, Caes. ; locorum, Cic. 
B. an interval of time; literaruni, Cic.; sine 
intervallo loquacitas, without intermission, Cic. ; 
longo intervallo, after a long time, Cic. II. 
difference, unlikeness, Cic; as t. t. of music, 
intervalla = distinctions between high and low 
notes, Cic. 

intervello -vulsi -vulsum, 3. to pull or plucl: 
out here and there, to thin, Plin. 

interveruo -veni -ventum, 4. to come between, 
come up while anything is doing, to intervene. 
I. verens ne molest i vobis interveniremus, Cic.; 
huic orationi, Liv. II. Transf., a, of time, to 
intervene, to interrupt ; with dat., nox intervenit 
proelio, Liv. ; b, of events, to happen while 
something else is being done, and so to interrupt; 
with dat., intervenit deinde his cogitationibns 
avitum malum, Liv. ; exigna fortuna intervenit 
uapieuti, opposes, Cic. 

interventor -Oris, in. (iuterrenio), an inter- 
rupter, u visitor; magis vacuo ab intcrventoribus 
die, Cic. 

interventus -us, ra. (Interventio), interven- 
tion, interposition, interference; honiinis, Cic; 
noctis, Caes. 

lnterverto (-vorto) -verli (-vorti) -versum 
(-vorsum), 3. (to turn aside), to embezzle, appro- 
priate to one's own use, purloin ; 1, regale donum, 
Cic; 2, transf., to take away, deprive of, defraud 
of; proinissuiu et roceptuin (consulatuin) in- 
lervcrtcie ct ad se trausfcrrc, Cic.; 3, to spend, 
lavish, Tac 

interviSO -Visi -visum, 3. 1, to look after, in- 
siiect secretly ; crebro interviso, Cic. ; 2, to visit 
from time to time; aliquem, Cic. 

inter vSlito, 1. to fly about among, Liv. 

intervomo, 3. to pour forth among, Luer. 

intcstabilis -c, disqualified from being a 
witness or from making a will; hence dishon- 
ourable, disgraceful, infamous, execrable, Hoi'., 
Bali. ; perjuriuin, Liv. 

intestdtUS -a -11111, 1, having made no will, 
intestate; adv., intestate) orab intestate, intestate; 
niori, Cic. ; 2, not convicted by witnesses, Plant. 

intostinum -i, v. intestinus. 

intcstinus -a -um (intus). I. inward, in- 
ternal; subst., intcstinum -i, 11. an intestine; 
andplnr., intcstina -orum, 11. the intestine*; 
iutestiuuin medium, Cic. ; ex intcstinis laborare, 
to have a pain in. the bowels, Cic II. a, domes- 
tie, internal, civil; inteslinnm ac domesticnm 
malum, Cic. ; belluni, Cic; b, subjective (opp. 
oblatus, objective), Cic 

intoxo -texOi -textmn, 3. I. to weave i», 
iilait in, interweave; 1, lit., purpureas uot&ti 



(His, Ov. ; viniina, Caes.; 2, a, to interlace; 
venae toto corpore intextae, Cic; b, to inter- 
weave in discourse; parva magnis, Cic. II. to 
weave, around, to wind, around, to surround; 
hastas foliis, Verg.; hedorae sclent iutcxere 
truneos, Uv. 

intibnm (intybum, intubum) -i, n. and 
intibus (intybus, intiibus) -i, c endive, 
succory, Verg. 

intime, adv. (intiinus), 1, confidentially, in- 
timately, Nep.; 2, cordially, strongly; com- 
lncndari ab aliquo, Cic. 

intimus, superL from interior (q.v.). 

intingo (intinguo) -tinxi -tinctum, 3. to 

dip in; laces sanguine, Ov. 

intolerabiiis -e, unbearable, intolerable; 
frigus, dolor, Cic; saevitia, Liv. 

intolerandus -a -11111, unbearable, unendur- 
able, Cic. 1 

intolerans -antis. I. Act., impatient of, 
unable to bear; with genit., corpora intolerantis- 
sima laboris, Liv. II. l'ass., unbearable, in- 
tolerable; subjectis intolerantior, Tac. 

intoleranter, adv. (intolerans), immoder- 
ately, excessively, 'impatiently ; dolere, Cic; in- 
tolerantius so jaclare, Cic. ; iutolerautissime 
i- loriari, Cic. 

intolerantia -ae, f. (intolerans), intolerable, 
insufferable conduct, insolence; regis, Cic; ilia 
superbia atque intolerantia, Cic. 

intono -tonui -tonatuni, l. I. Intransit., 
Jo thunder. A. Lit., pater onuiipotens ter 
caelo clarus ab alto intonuit, Verg B. Transf., 
a, to thunder, mahea thundering noise, especially 
of a speaker ; jam hesterna concione intonuit vox 
perniciosa tribuni, Cic; b, to 'lash; Aeneas 
horrendnm intonat armis, Verg. II. Transit., 
a, to thunder forth; quum haec inteiiuisset 
plenns irao, Liv. ; minas, Ov. ; b, to make 
to roar upon; Eois intonate (luctibus hiems, 
raging on, Ilor. (purtic. pert, pass., intonatus, 
Hor.) 

intonsus -a -um (in and tondeo), unshorn. 
I. Lit., caput, Ov. ; of animals, intonsa bidens, 
Verg. ; of persons, with long hair or beard ; deus, 
Apollo, Ov. ; of the old Romans, intonsi avi, Or., 
Noma, Ov. ; Cato, Hor.; of savage nations, 
homines intonsi et inculti, Liv. ; intonsi Getae; 
Ov. II. wooded, leafy, not cleared of trees; 
monies, Verg. 

intorquco -torsi -lorlum, 2. I. to twist or 
tin a miutd. A. Gen. 1, paludamuiituiu circum 
brachium, Liv.; 2, to wind; rudcutes iutorti, 
Ov. B. to hurl; teluininliostem.Verg.; transf., 
ardentes oculos, to roll, Verg.; intorqucntur 
inter fratrcs gravisshnae contumeliae, Cic II. 
to twist aside, turn, ■writhe. A. intorti capillis 
Eumcnlduui ungues, Hor. ; navia vertiee retro 
intorta, Liv. B. to distort, turn away ; lueiitiun 
in dicendo, Cic. 

intortus -a -um (partic. of intorquco). 

intra (for inters sc. parte, from 'interns 
-a -um). I. Adv. (compar. intSrius, super), 
intime), within; compar., rapiat sitiens interi- 
usque recoudat. Verg. II. Trepos. with ace, 
within. A. Lit., of space ; 1, intra parietes, 
Cic.; 2, into; ingredi intra linem loci, Cic. 
B. Transf., 1, of time, within, hi the .■■;""'' "f; 
intra lot annos, Cic. ; intra minus XIV, Cae.s. ; 
foil, byquain, intra deciinum diem qillllll PhcrilH 
VCIierat, in lets than ten days after liis a rriral, 
Liv. ; 2, with numerals, intra centum, less .'/"<» 
a hundred, Liv.; 3, of other words expressing 
boundary, etc., cedcre. intra linem juris, Liv.; 
intra legem epulari, within the bounds Vi\ ■ | <'»•/ 
by law, Oie, 



int 



295 



inu 



intrabilis -e (intro). that can be entered, 
accessible ; anmis os multis simul venientibus 
hand sane iutrabilu, Liv. 

intractabilis -e, unmanageable, intractable, 
ungovernable, rough; genus intraclabile bello, 
uuconquered, Verg. ; bruma, rough, Verg. 

intractatus -a -urn, nut handled. I. Lit., 
equus intractatus et novus, Cic. II. Transf., 

unattempted ; seelus, Verg. 

intremisco -tremui, 3. (inchoat. of intreuio), 

to begin to tremble; genua timure intremuere,Cic 

intremo, 3. to tremble, quake, Verg. 

intrepidc, adv. (iiitrepidus), without trem- 
bling, undauntedly, intrepidly, Liv. 

intrepidus -a -um. I. not trembling, un- 
daunted, intrepid; dux, Ov\; with dat., in- 
trepidus minantibus, Tac. II. free from aire 
or alarm; hiems, undisturbed by war, Tac. 

intrico, 1. (in and trieae), to confuse, entangle, 
bring into confusion; Chrysippus intricatur, 
Cic. 

intrinsccus. adv. (intra and secus), inside, 
inwardly, internally, Cato. 

1. intritua -a -um (in and tero), not worn 
away; transf., unexhausted; cohortes intritae ab 
labore, Caes. 

2. intrltus -a -um, partic. of intero. 

1. intro, adv. (for intero sc. loco from * in- 
terns -a -um), within; intro ire, Caes.; flliam 
intro vocare, Cic. 

2. intro, 1. (* interus), to go into, enter. A. 
Lit,, regnum, pomocrium, Cic. ; in hortos, Ov. ; 
ad monunenta, Liv. ; intra praesidia, Caes. B. 
Transf., a, to enter, penetrate ; in rerum naturam, 
Cic. ; in alicuius familiaritatem, Cic. ; b, of 
tilings, quo non modo improbitas sed ne iin- 
prudentia quidem pessit intrare, Cic. 

introduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead or con- 
duct into. I. Lit., copias in fines Bellovacorum, 
Caes. ; exercitum in Ligures, Liv. II. Transf., 
A. to bring in, introduce; pliilosophiam in 
domos, Cic; cousuetudinem, Cic. B. 1, to 
introduce in speech; introducta rei similitudo, 
Cic. ; 2, to maintain; with ace. and inlin., Cic. 

introductio -onis, f. (introduco), bringing 
in, introduction ; adolescentulorum, Cic. 

introeo -ivi and -ii -Itum, 4. to go into, enter; 
in ui-bem, Cic. ; donium, Cic. ; porta, by thegate, 
Cic. ; transf., in vitam, Cic. 

introfero -tuli -ferre, to bear, carry in ; 
liberis cibum, Cic. 

introgredior -grcssiis sum, ;j. dep. (intro 
ami gradiur), to cuter, Verg. 

introitus -us, m. (introeo), an entrance. I. 
1, lit., aiiiyrnam, Cic; in urbem, Cic; 2, 
transf., beginning, introduction, preamble; tabul- 
ar Cludianae, defensionis, Cic. II. Me ton., a 

place of entrance, passage, Cic. 

intromitto -misi -missum, 3. to send in, 
muse to enter; legiones, Caes. 

introrsus (introrsum).adv. (for introver- 
sus), 1, towards the inside, inwards, Caes. ; 2 
inwardly, internally, Hor., Liv. 

introrumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. to break in, 

cuter by force; ca, Caes. 

introspicio -spexi -spectum, 3. (intro and 
specio), to look into, look within; 1, lit,, domuiii 
fuam.Cic; 2, transf., to look attentively, observe, 
exanune; in oinnes reipublicae partes, Cic; in- 
troapice in mentcm tuam ipse, casta look within, 
Cic ; aliorum folicitatem, Tac. 

introversus = introrsus (q. v.). 

introvoco, 1. to tan ;„, w n within, Cic, 



intrude -trfisi -trusum, 3. to thrust in; se, 
to intrude, Cic. 

intubum -i, u., intubus -i, m., v. intibum. 

intueor -tfiitus sum, 2. dep. to look at at- 
tentively, gaze at. I. Lit, solem, Cic. ; in 
aliquein contra, right in. the face, Liv. II. A. 
to consider, contemplate, pay attention to ; aliquid, 
Cic B. to look with astonishment or admiration, 
at; Pompeiuni, Cic. 

intuitus -a -um, partic. of intueor. 

intumesco -tumui, 3. to swell, swell up. I. 
A. Lit., intumuit venter, Ov. B. Transf., vox, 
Tac ; intumescentc motu, Tac. II. Fig., a, 
to swell with pride; superbia, Tac ; b, to swell 
with anger, be angry; intumuit Juppiter, Ov. 

intumulaius -a -um (in ami tumulo), un~ 
buried, Ov. 

intuor, 3. dep. = intueor (q.v.). 

inturbidus -a -um, 1, pass., undisturbed, 
quiet; annus, Tac; 2, act, not turbulent; vir, 
Tac 

intiis, adv. (in and -tus, ep. eVosX within, 
inside. 1. 1, ea quae sunt intus in corpora, Cic ; 
poet, with abl., tali intus templo, Verg.; 2, 
transf., within tlie heart; intus inanimisinclusac 
(cupiditates), Cic. II. With verbs of motion, 
into, to the inside; duci intus, Ov. 

intutus -a -um, unprotected, unsafe. I. 
Pass., castra, Liv.; intuta moeniuin, the unpro- 
tected parts of the walls, Tac II. Act, unsaj , 
insecure; latebrae, Tac. ; ainicitia, Tac. < 

inula -ae, f. the plant elecampane, Hor. 

inultus -a -um (in and ulciseor). I. un- 
avenged; injuriae, Cic; lie inultus esset, Cic 
II. unpunished ; aliquein inultum sinere, or 
inulium esse pati, Cic 

inumbro, 1. to shade, overshadow, cover with 
shade; vestibulum, Verg.; inumbrantu vespera, 
as the shades of evening were coming on, Tac. ; 
ora coronis, Lucr. 

inunctio -onis, f. (inungo), an anointing 
with salve or ointment, Plin. 

inundatio -onis, f. (innndo), an inundation, 
fioixl; inundatio ex lacu Albano, Liv. 

inundo, 1. I. Transit, to overflow, inund- 
ate. A. Lit,, banc (terrain) inundat aqua, Cic. ; 
vestro sanguine Enna inundabitur, Liv. B. 
Transf., to stream over like a torrent ; hinc densi 
cursus inundant Troes,* Verg. II. Intransit, 
to overflow with ; inundant sanguine fossae, Verg. 

inungo -unxi -unctum, 3. to anoint, smear 
with ointment ; oculos, Hor. 

inurbane, adv. (inurbunus), impolitely, in- 
elegantly, without wit or huMour, Cic 

inurbanus -a -um, rude, unpolished, rough, 
clownish, boorish; 1, in demeanour, Cic; 2, 
in speech, unrefined, Cic. 

inurgeo -nrsi, 2. to push, thrust against, Lucr. 

inuro -ussi -ustuiu, 3. I. to burn in. A. 
Lit, notain, Verg. B. Transf., to imprint 
indelibly, brand; notam turpitudinis vitae 
alicuius, Cic ; alicui dolorem, Cic ; inuri not* 
censoriae severitatis, Cic II. a, to burn, bum 
up; vulnere sanguis inustus, Ov.; b, to burn or 
singe with the curling-irons, to curl; tig., ilia 
calamistris, to adorn elaborately, Cic. ■ • 

inu sit ate, adv. (innsitatus), unusually, 
strangely ; iuusitale loqui, Cic ; inusitatius coii- 
traliere, Cic. 

inusitatua -a -um, unusual, strange, un- 
common,; res inusitata ac nova, Cic; species 
navium inusitatior, Cic; with dat, inusitatus 
nostris oratoribns lopos, Cic; inusitatum est 
Willi inlin., or with lit and the su'j Cic 



inu 



290 



inv 



I InustUS -a -urn, partie. of inuro. 

inutilis -e. I. useless, unserviceable, un- 
profitable; lioino. Clc; with tlat., valetudine 
aut aetate inutiles bcllo, Caes. ; with ad and 
the ace, ad usus civium non inutile, Cic. ; in- 
utile est with in tin. . Cie. II. hurtful, injurious, 
harmful; seditiosus et inutilis civis, Cic; oratio 
inutilis sibi et civitati suae, Liv. 

inutilitas -atis, f. (inutilis), usclcssness, un- 
profitableness) Cic. 

inu*iliter v adv. (inutilis), 1, uselessly, un- 
prqjitablyi Liv. ; 2, hurtfully, injuriously, Cic. 

ir.vado -vasi -vasnm, 3. I. to go in, enter, 
dome in ; a, in eas urbes, Cic.; with simple ace, 
portum, Verg. ; tvia milia stadiorum, to advance, 
Tac; b, transf., to undertake boldly; aliquid 
magnum, Verg. II. A. to attack, assault, fall 
upon, assail, invade; 1. lit., a, of persons, in 
hostem, Cic; urbem, Verg.; b, of inanimate 
objects, to penetrate, attack; quocumque ignis 
invasit, Clc. ; 2, transf., a, with words, to 
attack, assault; aliquem minaeiter, Tac. ; b, of 
diseases,* pestilentia populum invasit, Liv.; c, 
of passions and other evils, to attack, befall ; 
pestis in vitam invasit, Cic. ; furor invaserat 
improbis, Cic. ; aliquem lubido invadit, Sail. 
B. to fall upon in order to get. possession of, 
usurp, seize ; in alicuius praedia, Cic. 

invaleaco -vadui, 3. (inehoat. of invaleo), to 
gainer strength, become strong; tantum opibes 
invaluit, Cic. 

invaletUdo -inis, f. indisposition, Cic 

invaTidus -a -uin, 1, weak, powerless, feeble, 
impotent, indisposed, ill; milites, Liv.; with ad 
and the ace, ad munera corporis senectil in- 
validus, Liv.; 2, transf., weak to resist; cxer- 
■ i Ins, Li v. JUlociUHinvalidaadversusirruinpentcs, 
Tac. 

invectio -onis, f. (inveho), 1, importation, 
Cic; 2, an inveighing against, invc live, Cic 

inveho -vcxi -vectnm, 3. I. Act., to carry, 
bear, bring in ; 1, lit., a, pecuniam in aerarinjii, 
Cic; b, to import; vinuin in Galliam, Liv.; 2, 

transf., to introduce, briny along with; quae 
(mala) tibi casus invexerat, Liv. ; divifiac avari- 
tiani iuvexore, Liv. II. Middle, invchi. A. to 
ride or travel on horseback, in n vehicle, i nit ship; 

curru in capilolimn, Cic; cquo, Liv.; Uuuiinc, to 
sail on, Cic B. Hell., se inveherc and middle 
invehi, to penetrate, burst into, attack; 1, lit., 
Romana sc invcxit acies, Liv. ; quttui utrinqnc 
invehi hostem nunciaretur, Liv. ; 2, transf., in 
aliquem or aliquid, to attack with words, assail, 
inveigh against ; pctulanter in aliquem, Cic. 

Invendibills -c, unsaleable, Plant. 

invSnlo -vSni -ventum, 4. I. to come or 

light upon, find, meet with. A. Lit., 1, aliquem, 
Cie. ; naves, Caes. ; 2, to find written, come upon 
in reading ; do aliqua re nulla littera in veteribus 
libris invenitur, Cic B. Transf., 1, to find out; 
ipsis durior inventus est, Caes.; 2, to procure, 
acquire, get, earn ; hoc cognomen, Cic. ; gloriain 
ex culpa, Sail. II. to tind out, discover. A. 
Lit., a;genti venas, Cie. B. Transf"., 1, to effect, 
bring about; per me inventa salus, Cic; 2, to 
find out from others, learn ; conjnratiouein, Cic ; 
inventum est with ace. and inlin., Cic. ; with 
rel. sent., non inveniebat quoniodo, etc, Cic. ; 
dolor se invenit, shows itself, Ov. 

inventlo -onis, f. (invenio), 1, invention, 
Cic. ; 2, the inventive faculty, Cic. 

inventor -Oris, m. (invenio), ait inventor, 
finder out; novorum verboruin, Cic. 

lnventrix -tricis, f. (inventor), the that finds 
out ; oleae Minerva inventrix, Verg. ; iliac om- 
nium doctrinarum jnventrice<j Athena?, Cic. 



inventum -i, n. (invenio), an invention, dis- 
covery, Cic. 

invenuste, adv. (iuvenustus), ungracefully, 
inelegantly, Plin. 

invenustUS -a -um, 1, inelegant, ungraceful, 
Cic. ; 2, unhappy in love, Ter. 

invorccundus -a -um, shameless, impudent; 
dcus, Bacchus, Hor. 

invergo, 3. to your upon ; fronti vina, Verg. 

inversio -onis, f. (inverto), irony, Cic. 

inversus -a -um, partie of inverto. 

inverto -verti -versum, 3. to turn over, turn 
about. I. Lit., A. in locum anulum, Cic; poet., 
inversum contristat Aquarius annum, completed, 
Cic. B. Esp., l,lo turn over; a, of the plough, 
vonicre tenas graves, Verg. ; b, of the winds, 
to upturn, Hor. ; 2, to turn upside down, empty ; 
vinaria tota, Hor. II. Transf., A. to invert, 
turn upside down, change, transpose, alter, per- 
vert; ordiuein, Cic ; inversi mores, Hor. ' B. to 
pervert, give a different meaning to ; verba, Cic 

invesperascit, 8. unpens, it grows dark, 
becomes twilight, Liv. 

investlgatio -onis, f. (investigo), an in- 
quiring into, investigation ; veri, Cic 

investigator -Oris, m. (investigo), an in- 
quirer, investigator ; antiquitatis, Cic; conjur- 
ationis, Cic. 

investigo, 1. to scorch out, track out. I. Of 
dogs, camim tain^ncredibilis ad investigaudum 
sagacitas narium.'Cic. II. Of men ; a, aliquem, 
Cic ; b, conjuiationem, Cic. ; veruui, Cic 

inveterasco -avi, 3. (invctero), to become old, 
grow old. I. a, to grow old in ; inveteravcrunt 
hi oinnes conipluribusAlcxaiidriac bellis, Caes. ; 
b, to become obsolete ; si (res) iiivctcravit, actum 
i i, Cic II. la in, mm- old, liecome established, 
become fixed, to '« rovtol; invcteravit jam opinio, 
Cic; wiLh dat., quorum uomeii et hoiios invct- 
eravit et huiu nrbi et homiuum faniae et- scr- 
nioiiibns, Cic; of persons, lain lal '•', ■Jinl; 

excrcituui hicniare atquc invcteraaccrc in Gallia, 
Caes. 

invetcratio -onis, f. (invctero), a becoming 
old, an inveterate disease or mistake, Cic 

invetero, 1. la allow '■> become old ; and pass., 
inveterari, to grow <<ui, become old. I. cwi- 
gliitinatio invctcrata, of longstanding, Cic. II. 
Middle, inveterari, ta become, established-, fir miy 
rooted; opinio inveterari potuissol, Cic ; often 
in partie., invcteratus, old established; ami- 
citia, Cic ; ira, Cic. 

invicem, adv. (in and vicis), by turns, alter- 
nately. I. hi rursus invicem anno post in arm is 
sunt, illi domi remanent, Caes. II. Transf., 
a, mutually, reciprocally; invicem inter se 
gratantes, Liv.; b, on bath Glides; nuiltae in- 
vicem clades, Tac ' 

invictUS -a -um (in and vinco), unconqucral, 
unsubdued, unconquerable, invincible; a labore, 
Cic. ; ad laborem, Liv. ; adve>sum aliquid, Tac. ; 
Hannibal armis invictus, Liv. ; absol., im- 
perator, Cic. ; defensio, unanswerable, Cic. 

invidentia -ac, f. (invideo), envying, envy, 
Cic 

invideo -vidi -visum, 'J. I. to look upon with 
the evil eye. Cat. II. to envy, grudge, be envious 
if; a, with dat., paribus aut inferioribns, Cic : 
honori, Cic ; in unpen}, pass., superioribus 
saepe invidctur, Cic. ; b, alicui aliquid or simply 
aliquid; alieui honorem, Hor.; quoad id ipsi 
invidere dei, Liv. ; c, alicui in aliqua re ; in qua 
tibi invideo, Cic; d, alicui aliqua re; non in- 
video laude sua mnlieribus, Liv. ; e, poet., alicui 
ftljcujua rpij illi ciecris. Hor.; f, with ijifin,. 



inv 



297 



Ion 



nt acC. and ilifin., Liburnls deduci trinmpho, 
ttor. ; g, with ut or ne and the siibj., Verg. ; h, 
abaol., Cic. 

invidia -ac, f. (invidns). I. envy, grudging, 
Nep. II, 1, a, hatred, jealousy, ill-will, odium, 
unpopularity ; invidiam alicni facere, conflare, to 
excite ill-will against, Cic ; habere, to be tin- 
popular, Cic. ; in invidiam venire, Cic. ; invidiam 
in aliquem commovere, concitare, excitare, Cic; 
invidiam lenire, Cic. ; absit invidia verbo, Liv. ; 
b. meton. (o) jealous or envious persons, Verg. ; 
(ft) something envied; invidiae aut pestilentiae 
possessores, Cic. ; 2, reproach ; invidiae erat 
amissum Cremerae praesidium, Liv. 

invidiose, adv. (invidiosus), enviously, jeal- 
ously, bitterly, Cic. 

invidiosus -a -um (invidia). I. full of envy ; 
1, envious; omnes malevoli, iniqui, invidiosi, 
Cic; 2, causing envy, envied ; invidiosae opes, 
Tac. ; non invidiosa voluptas, Ov. II. full of 
hate; .1, feeling luite, liating, Ov. ; 2, a, causing 
hate, producing odium, or ill-feeling ; crimen, 
Cic. ; with in and the ace, ut invidiosum sit in 
cos, Cic. ; with dat., hoc ipsis judicibus invidi- 
osissimum futurum, Cic; b, hateful, detested; 
senatus potentia, Cic. 

invidus -a -um (invideo), envious; I. Lit., 
Cic. ; subst., an envier; laudis, Cic; obtrecta- 
tores et invidi Scipionis, Cic II. Transf., of 
things, cura, aetas, Hor. ; nox coeptis invida 
nostiis, unfavourable to, Ov. 

invlgilo, 1. to watch in or over, be watchful 
or wakeful over; give great attention and care to; 
venatu, Verg. ; reipublicae, Cic. 

inviolabilis -e, inviolable, that cannot be 
injured; pignus, Verg. 

inviolate, adv. (inviolatus), inviolatehj ; mo.- 
moriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis, Cic. 

inviolatus -a -um, 1, uninjured, unhurt; 
invulnerati inviolatique vixerunt, Cic. ; in- 
violate vestra. amicitift, Cic; 2, inviolable; 
tribunus plebis, Liv. 

invisitatus -a -um, not seen; hence, tin- 
usual, strange; magnitude, Cic; forma, Cic; 
nova acies, Liv. 

inviso, 1. I. to go to see, to visit. A. doinuin 
nostram quoad poteris invisas, Cic. B. to visit 
a person or place ; aliquem, Cic. ; suos, Liv. ; 
Pelum, Verg. II. to perceive, get a sight of, Cat. 

1. inviSUS -a -um (in and video), unseen, 
secret; sacra occulta etinaribus non solum in- 
visa sed etiam inaudita, Cic. 

2. inviSUS -a -um (invideo). I. Pass., luxted; 

a, of persons, Cic. ; with dat., invisusdeo, Cic. ; 

b, of things, cupressi, negotia, Hor. ; judicium 
invisum etiam judicibus, Liv. II. Act., hating, 
hostile; invisum quern tu tibi fingis, Verg. 

invitamenturn -i, n. (invito), an invitation, 
attraction, allurement ; with subject, genit., nat- 
urae, Cic ; with object, genit., temeritatis in- 
vitamenta, Liv. ; with ad and the ace, multa 
ad luxuriam invitamenta perniciosa, Cic 

invitatio -onis, f. (invito), invitation; with 
subject, genit., hospitum, Cic. ; in Epirum, Cic. ; 
ut biberetur, Cic. ; ad dolendum, Cic. 

invitatus -ii, m. (invito), an invitation; 
invitatu tuo, Cic. 

invite, adv. (invitus), unwillingly, involun- 
tarily, against one's will ; invito cepi Capuam, 
Cic. ; vel pudentius vel invitius ad hoc genus 
nermonis acccdere, Cic. 

invito, 1. to invite, request civilly. I. Lit., A. 
aliquem in legationem, to invite one to undertake 
an. embassy, Cic B. Esp., to invite as a guest; 
a, aliquem ad ceuam, Cic. ; aliquem domum 

10* 



suam, Cic. ; aliquem tecto ac dninf); Cic; b, 
invitare se, to take one's Jill ; se Cibo vinoque, 
Sail. II, to in rite, allure, entice; aliquem 
praeniiis ad rem, Cic ; somuos, In incite, allure 
tu sleep, Hor. 

invitus -a -um. I. unwilling, against one'3 
will; invitus facio ut, etc., Cic; eum invitie- 
simum dimisi, Cic; me, te, se invito, against my, 
thy will, etc ; invitissimis Stoicis, spite of the 
opposition of the Stoics, Cic ; of things, invitalege 
agere, Cic. II, Poet., given Unwillingly ; invita 
ope, Ov. 

invius -a -um (in and via), impassable ; saitus, 
Liv. ; maria invia Teucris, Verg. ; invia vivtuti 
nulla est via, Ov. Subst, invia -orum, n., 
impassable places, Liv. ; poet., lorica invia sa- 
gittis, impenetrable, Mart. 

invocatio -onis, f. (invoco), a calling upon, 
invocation ; deorum, Quint. . 

1. invooatus -a -um (in and voco), uncalled, 
Cic 

2. invocatus -a -um, partic of invoco. 
invoco, 1. to call in, call upon, call for help, 

invoke; Junonem, Cic; aliquem ad vocatum ad 
communemimperatorumfortunamdefendendam, 
Cic. 

involatUS -iis, in. (involo), a flying, flight, 
Cic (only found in abl. sing.). 

involito, 1. to fly in ; transf., of the hair, to 
float or wave over ; comae in volitanthumeris, Hor. 

involo, 1., 1, to fly at, attack furiously; 
castra, Tac. ; 2, to seize or pounce upon, take 
possession of; in possessionem quasi caducam ac. 
vacuam, Cic. ; provinciam, Cic. 

involucre -is, n. (involvo), a napkin, Plant. 

involucrum -i, n. (involvo), a wrapper, 
cover, case ; 1, lit., candelabri, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
involucris simulationum tegi, Cic. 



involutus -a -um, p. adj. (from involvo), ob- 

'veil; res involutes definiendo 

explicare, Cic 



scure, confused, involve 



involvo -volvi -vSlutum, 3. I. to roll in; 
igni suo involvunt, Tac. II. to roll along ;s\\ vas 
armenta virosqne, Verg. III. to mil over; cupae 
involutae labuntnr, Caes. ; with dat., to roll 
upon ; Olympum Ossae, Verg. IV. a, to roll 
up, wrap up, cover; sinistras sagis, Caes_; nos 
involvit umbra diem, Verg. ; b, transf., se- lit- 
teris, to bury oneself in, devote oneself to; se'sui 
virtute, Hor. ; bellum pacis nomine involutum, 
concealed under, Cic. 

involvulus -i, ni. (involvo), a caterpillar 
which wraps itself up in leaves Plant. 

invulgo, 1. to depose, give evidence, Cic.(?) 

invulneratus -a -um(in and vulnero), un* 
wounded, Cic. 

1. io, interj., an exclamation of joy and tri- 
umph, hurrah ! Verg., Hor. ; or of pain, oh! Ov. 

2. Io (Ion) -iis and -onis, f. Oho), daughter 
of the Argive king, Inachus, beloved by Jupiter, 
changed by Juno into a cow; identilied with the 
Egyptian goddess, Isis. 

Iolaus -i, m. CIoAaos), son of Iphiclus, the 
constant companion of Hercules. 

Iolous (-OS) -i, f. ('JwAkos), town in Thessaly, 
tlie home, of Jason. Hence, adj., Iolciacus 
-a -um, of or belonging to Jolcvs. 

Iole -§S, f. ('IoAtj), daughter of Eurytus, given 
hy Hercules to his son llyllus. 

1. ion, -li, n. (tof), 1, the blue violet, Plin. ; 2, 
a precious stone of similar colour, Plin. 

2. Ion -onis, f., v. To. 

lories -um, m. ("Wes), the Tonians, a people 
of Greece, one of the four Greek races ; hence, 1, 



lot 



29$ 



irr 



lonicus 



adj.; Ioniacus -a -um, Ionian : 2 
-a-um, Ionian; 3, Ionius -a -inn, Ionian, 
Ionic; mare Ionium, the sea between Italy and 
Creece, Liv. ; so aequor Ionium, Ov. ; sinus 
Innius, Hor., or simply Ionium -ii, h., Vcrg. 
Snbat., Ionia -ae, f. a district in Asia Minor 
between Carta and Aeolis. 

Iota n. indeed, (iura), the name of the Greek 
rowel, I, t, Cic. 

Jphianassa -ae, f. = Iphigenia, Lucr. 

Iphlas -Mis, f. £I<t>iis)j daughter oflphis, i.e., 
Euadne. 

Iphigenia -ac, f. Clfyiyiveid), daughter of 
Agamemnon, sacrificed by her father to op)>ease 
the wrath, of Diana ; or, according to another 
legend, saved by Diana, and carried away, and 
made her priestess in Tauris. 

ipse -a -urn, genit. ipsius (poet., ipsius), dat. 
ipsi (is and -pse), self. I. Gen., ille ipse, etc., 
Cic; ego ipse, / myself, Cic; ipse interviso, Cic; 
in mc ipso probavi, in myself, Cic; et ipse, also, 
too; victor ex Aequis in Volscos transiit et 
ipsos bellum molientes, who on their side were 
preparing war, Liv. II. Esp. , A. very, identical, 
exactly ; a, eaque ipsa causa belli fuit, and that 
very thing was the cause of the war, Liv. ; natali 
buo ipso die, just on her birthday, Cic. ; b, with 
numerals =jvst, exactly; ipso vicesimo anno, 
Cic; efi ipsa hora, Cic B. ipse, ipsa, used em- 
phatically of a master, mistress, teacher, etc. ; 
ipse dixit, the master (i.e. Pythagoras) has said it, 
Cic. C. = spontaneously, of one's own; accord ; 
valvae se ipsae aperueruntj Cic D. alone, with 
oneself; genitor secnm ipse vol ntat, Verg. ; ipse 
per se, ami simply ipse, of himself', by himself, 
alone; moventur ipsa per se, Cic. E. Used for 
the reflexive pronoun, quern si parum pudor 
ipsius defendebat, Cic ; ipse, with suffix met, 
ipsimet (uom. plur.), Cic. (Superlative, ipsis- 
simus, one's very self, Plaut.). 

Ira -ae, f. I. wrath, anger, ire, Cic. ; iram 
evomere in aliquem, Tac ; irae indulgere, Liv. ; 
irae caelestes, divine wrath, Liv. ; with genit. 
of the cause of anger, dictatoris ereati, Liv.; 
ira adversus Romanos, Liv. ; veteres in p'opulum 
Romanum irae, Liv. ; transf., of inanimate ob- 
jects, violence, rage; belli, Sail. II. Jleton., 
the cause of anger, Ov. 

iracunde, adv. with compar. (iracundns), 
wrathfvlly, angrily, passionately, Cic 

iracundia -ae, f. (iracundns). I. an angry 
disposition, passionateness, irascibility, Cic. II. 
anger, fury, ivrath; iracundiamcohibere.Cic ; ex- 
citare, Cic ; plur., iracundiae implacabilcs, Cic. 

iraoundus -a -uin (irascor), inclined to anger, 
irascible, passionate, angry, wrathful, Cic; in 
aliquem, Cic 

irascor, 3. dep. (ira), to be angry, wrathful ; 
alicui, Cic. ; of a bull, in cornua, to charge wrath- 
fully with the horns, Vcrg. 

irate, adv. (iratus), angrily, Phaedr. 

iratus -a -urn (irascor), angry, full of wrath ; 
alicui, with anyone; iratior, iratissimus alicui, 
Cic ; qnam iratus de judicio, Cic ; oi inanimate 
objects, raging ; mare, venter, Hor. 

Iris -rldis, f. (*Ipis), the messenger of the gods, 
the goddess of the rainbow (ace. Irim, Verg.; voc. 
Iri.Verg., Ov.). 

irnea = hirnea (q.v.j. 

ironla -ae, f. (tlpiovtia), irony, Cic 

Irpinl = Hirpini (q.v.). 

lrrasus -a -um (in and rado), unsliaved, 
Plaut 

irraucesco, or irrauclo -rausi, 3. (in and 
Hfucus), to become hoarse, Cic 



irreligatus -a-um (in andreligo), unbound; 
croceas irreligata comas, Ov. 

ir religiose, adv. with compar. (irreligiosus), 
irreligiously, impiously, Tac 

Irreligiosus -a -um (in and religiosus), 
irreligious, impious; irreligiosum rafns, with 
intln., Liv. 

irremeabilis -e (in and remeabilis), from 
which there is no return ; unda, Verg. 

irrcparabilis -e (in and reparabilis), that 
cannot be restored, irreparable, irrecoverable; 
tempus, Verg. 

irrcpertus -a -um (in and reperio), not dis- 
covered, not found ovj; aurum, Hor. 

irrepo -repsi -reptum, 3. to creep, crawl in? 
interim (Gabinius) ipso decirao dieirrepsit, came 
creeping in, Cic ; transf., to creep in, insinuate 
oneself into; in mentes hominum, Cic. ; in testa- 
nienta locupletium, Cic. 

irreprehensus -a -um (in and reprehendo), 
unblamed; blameless, Ov. 

irrequietus -a -um (in and requietus), 
restless, troubled ; Chary bdis, Ov. 

irresectus -a -tun (in and reseco), uncut; 
pollex, Hor. 

irresolutus -a -um (in and resolvo), not 
loosed, not slackened; vincula, Ov. 

irretlO, 4. (in and *rctio, from rete), tocateh, 
entangle in a net ; a, lit., aliquem, Cic ; b, lig., 
aliquem corruptelarnni illeccbris, to ensnare, 
Cic 

irretortus -a -um (in and retorqneo), not 
t netted or twisted bad;; oculo irretorto, Hor. 

irreverentia -ne, f. (irreverens from in and 
reverens), want of. respect, irreverence; juventutis, 
Tac. ; adversus fas nefasque, Tac 

irrevocabllis -e (in-revocahflis), tlmt cannot 
be called back, irrevocable. I. Lit., aetas, Lucr. ; 
verbum, Hor. II. Transf., A. unalterable; 
casus, Liv. B. implacable, Tac. 

irrevocatus -a -um (in and reyoeo), 1, nil 

railed back, i.e., not asked to repeat' anything, 
Hor. ; 2, not to be called or held back, Ov. (?) 

irrideo -risi -rlsum, 2. (in and rideo). I. 
Intransit, to laugh at, jeer at, Cic II. Transit., 
to mock, ridicule, deride; deos, Cic 

irrldlcule, adv. (in and ridicule), without 
wit or humour ; non irridicule dixit, Caes. 

irridlculum -i, n. (irrideo), a laughing- 
stock ; irridiculo liaberi (esse), to be made game uf, 
Plaut. 

irrigatio -5nis, f. (irrigo). a watering, ir- 
rigation ; agri, Cic. 

irrigo (in-rigo), 1.. I. to conduct water or 
any other liquid to any place; imbres, -Verg.; 
transf., to diffuse, per membra quietem, Verg. 
II. to water, irrigate; Aegyptum Nilus irrigat, 
Cic; liortulos fontibus, Cic; transf., fessOs 
sopor irrigat artus, overspreads, refreshes, Verg. 

Irriguus -a -nm (irrigo). I. Act., water- 
ing, irrigating; fons, Verg.; transf.. somiius, 
strengthening, refreshing, Pers. II. Fa^s., 
watered; hortus, Hor.; corpus irriguum iiiero, 
soaked, Hor. 

irrlsio -5nis, f. (irrideo), a laughing at, 
mocking, derision; with subject, genit., omnium, 
Cic. 

irrisor -oris, m. (irrideo), a laugher, mocker, 
deridcr; with object, genit., huius orationis, Cic 

irrisus -Us, m. (irrideo), laughter, mockery, 
derision; irrisui esse, to l>e a laughing-stock, 
Caes. ; ab irrisu (in derision) linguam exserere, 
Liv. 

irritabllis -e (irrito), irritable, easily routed; 



irr 



290 



ist 



Irrltabiles sunt aniini optimorum, Cic. ; genus 
vatum, Hor. 

irritamen -inis, n. (irrito), an incitement, 
induce me at ; amoria, Ov. 

initdmentum -i, n. (irrito), incitement, 
inducement, provocation, incentive ; with object. 
genit., certaminum, Liv.; libldinuni.Tac.; witlL 
dat., luxut, Tac. 

irritatio -onls, f. (irrito), a stirring up, 
provoking, irritating, irritation; with subject, 
genit., niillis conviviorum irritationibus, Tac; 
irritatio quidem animorum ea prima fait, Liv. 

irritatus -a -um, partlc. of irrito. 

irrito, 1. (in and *rito). I. to stir up, stim- 
ulate, incite, excite; aliquem ad certaraen,.Liv. ; 
iram et odium, Liv. II. to excite to anger, ir- 
ritate; aliquem, Cic; animos barbarorum, Liv. 

irritUS -a -um (in and ratus). I. void^ in- 
valid; testamentum facere irritum, Cic. II, 
vain; a, of things, vain, ineffectual, without 
effect; inceptum, Liv. ; dona, tela, Verg.; remed- 
ram, Tac. ; subst., irritum -i, n. that which is 
vain; spes ad irritum cadit.fs disappointed, Liv.; 
b, transf., of persons, without doing anything ; 
irriti legati remittuntur, Tac. ; with genit. of 
the object., legationis, Tac. 

irrogatio -ouis, f. (irrogo), the imposing of 
a fine or penalty ; multae, Tac. 

irrogo (in-vflgo), 1. I. to propose to the people 
a measure, against anyone; alicui legem, privile- 
ginm, Cic. ; alicui multam, poenam, Cic. II. to 
inflict, impose; poenas pecoatis, Hor. (irrogassit 
= irrogaverit, Cic.). 

irroro (in-roro), 1. to moisten with dew. I, 
to wet, moisten; crinein aquis, Ov. ; lacrimae 
irrorant foliis, trickle down upon, Ov. II, to 
sprinkle upon ; liquores vestibus et capiti, Ov. 

irrumpo -rttpi -ruptum, 8. (in and rumpo), 
to break in, burst into, rush in. I. Lit., 1, in 
castra, Cic; with dat., thalamo, Verg.; with 
ace, portam, Sail. ; 2, to rush into, seize upon ; 
in nostrum patrimonium, Cic. II. Transf., 
luxuries quam in domum irrupit, Cic. ; imagines 
in animos per corpus irrumpunt, Cic. ; to break 
in upon, seek to prevent; in nostrum fletum ir- 
rumpes, Cic. (?) ■ ■ 

irriio (in-rfio) -rtti, 3. to rush into, rush upon. 
A. Lit., 1, in aeiem, Liv. ; in aliquem, lie. ; 2, 
to rush and seize upon, take possession of; in 
alienas possessions, Cic B. Transf., ne quo 
irruas, make some blunder, Cic ; In odium offen- 
sionemque popnli Romani, rush blindly into, Cic. 

irruptio -onis, f. (irrumpo), a breaking, 
bursting into, irruption; etiamsi irruptio nulla 
facta est, Cic. 

irruptus -a -um (in and rumpo), unbroken,, 
uiisevered; copula, Hor. 

IrilS -i, in. ('Ipos), the name of a beggar in 
Ithaca ; appell. = a poor man (opp. to Croesus), 
Ov. 

18, ea, Id. L he, she, it; this or that person or 
thing (tho demonstrative pronoun cliietly used 
to refer to something already mentioned). A. 
a, subst., milii venit obviam puer tuus ; is milii 
litems reddidit, Cic. ; b, adj., in emit locum, 
C'aes. ; ob earn cansam, Nep. B. a, referring to 
a following subst., ea libera coujectura est, 
Liv. ; b. used pleonastically for the sake of em- 
phasis (a) with the relat., quod ne id facere 
posses, Cic. ; esp. in apposition to a clause, si 
nos, ill quod debet, nostra patria delectat, Cic. ; 
(fi) with a noun, urbem novam, conditam vi et 
armis, jure earn condere parat, Liv. ; c, id 
subst. ; id temporis, id aetatis, at that age, Cic. ; 
id gaudeo, / rejoice because of that, Cic. ; in eo 
est, or res in eo est, it is on the point of, etc., 



Liv. ; d, id est, that is, in explanation, hodie, id 
est, Col. Oct., Cic ; e, et is, lsque, atque is, and. 
that too, and indeed; Antonius cum una legiono, 
eaquo vacillante, rind that vacillating, Cic. II. 
tlutt, as the correlative of qui, quae, quod', is 
qui physieus appellatnr, Cic III, such, of such 
a kind; a, snbst., neque is es, qui, quid sis, 
nescias, Cic. ; b, cuius ea stultltia nt, etc., Cic. 

isara -ac, f. a river in Gaul, now the Iskre. 

isauii -Gram, m. (Teravpoi), the Isaurians. 

Hence, A. Jsauria -ae, f. (lo-avpta), a moun- 
tainous country of Asia Minor, north of Cilicia. 

B. Isaurlcus -a -um, surntime of P. Servilius 

Vatia, the conqueror of the Tsauri. C. Isaurus 
-a -tun, Isaurian. 

Isis -Idis, f. ('I(r«)i^e Egyptian goddess Isis. 
Adj., Isiacus -a -um, of or belonging to Isis. . 

Ismarus -i, m. ("Icrp. a pos), and Ismara 
-<3rum, n. a mountain ih Thrace, Adj.,' Is- 
mariUH -a -um, poet. = Thracian ; tyrannus, 
Tereus, Ov. 

Ismenus (-os) -i, m. CI<Wo'«), a river in 
Boeotia. Hence, A, Ismenis -Idis, f. poet. = 
a Theban woman. B. Ismenlus -a -um, 
poet. = Tliehan. 

Isdcrates -is, m. ('IcroKpaTrjs), a celebrated 
Athenian orator. Adj., Isocrateus and Iso- 
cratius -a -um, Isocratean. 

Issa -ae, f. ("lo-o-a), an island in the Adriatic - 
Sea, off the coast of Dalmatia, now Lissa. Adj., 
A. Issensis -e. B. Issaeus -a -um. C. 
Issaicus -a -um, of or belonging to Issa. 

istac, adv. by that way, Ter. 

istactenus, adv. thus far, Plant. \ 

iste, ista, istild, pron. demonstr. (is and -te.). 
this or that person or thing (applies to the persoq 
spoken to). I. Gen., quid quod adventu tno 
ista subsellia (those seats where yon sit), vftcue- 
facta sunt, Cic. II. a, -in letters, relating to 
places or conditions in which the person ad- 
dressed is, perfer istam militiara, your military 
service, Cic. ; b, emphatic, referring 16 some- 
thing said by the person addressed, At t. "Platon- 
em videlicet dieis." M. "is<umipsuui,"Cic.;'ista 
quae dicitis, Cic. ; c, in speeches, referring to 
the accused, Cic. ; d, ironical or contemptuous, 
ex quibus generibus hominum istae copiae com- 
parentur, Cic ; 

Ister = Hister. 

Isthmus -i, m. (ttr(?/x<Js), an isthmus ; a, the 
isthmus on which Cyzicus was situated, "Prop. '; 
b, especially the Isthmus of Corinth, Caes. Adj., 
Isthmlus -a -um, Isthmian; labor, in, the 
Isthmian games, Hor. ; plur. subst-, Isthmia 
•Crum, n. tlie Isthmian Games, Liv. 

istl, adv. (iste), there, Verg. 

1. Istic (isthic), istaec, istQc or istiic (iste- 
and hie), this same, this very person or thing ; istic 
labor, Plant. ; subst., istuc considerabo, Cic. ; 
in interrogative sentences, istice, etc., Plaut. 

2. istic (isthic), (iste and adv. hie), 1, there, 
denotes the place of the person spoken to, here, 
there ; qnoniam istic scdes, Cicl ; scribite quid 
istic (= in Rome) agatur, Cic ; 2, in this 
matter, in this affair, Cic. ; istic sum, / cm all 
ears, Cic. 

istim, adv. (iste), from there, Cic. 

istinc (isthinc), adv. (iste and hinc), thence, 
from thence. A. Lit., alludes to the place where 
the person spoken to may bo ; qui istinc veniiint, 
Cic B. Transf., of that thing, thence, Hor. 

istiusm odi, of that kind or sort, such ; ratio 
istiusmodi, Cic 



1st 



SOO 



jae 



isto, adv. (iste). I. thither, to that place, to 
the place where you are ; venire, Cic. II. Transf., 
\ thereunto, into that thing; admiscere aliquem, 

Cie. 

lStdo, adv. (1. istic). I. thither, Plant. II. 
from that place, Ter. 

istorsum, adv. (istoversum), thitherwards, 
in that direction, Ter. 

Istri, v. Histri. 

1. -rituc, n. of 1. istic (q.v.). 

2. istuc (isthuc), adv. (iste and hue), 
thither; venire, Cic. 

ita, adv. (i-s and -ta), so, thus, in such wise. I. 
Gen., a, te ita velle eerte scio, Cic; b, intro- 
ducing u following thought, with ace. and infln., 
Cic. ; c, est ita, or factum eat ita, in answers, so it 
it, Cic. ; ita prorsus, ita plane, certainly, Cic. ; d, 
interrogative, itane? really '• Cic. ; quid ita ? why 
sof Cic. II. Esp., A. With comparisons; a, 
gen. with ut, more rarely with quemadmodum, 
quomodo, quasi, etc. so ... . as, in such a 
manner ... as; me consulem ita fecistis quo- 
modo pauci facti sunt, Cic. ; b, in assertions 
and adjurations, ita vivam ut maximos snniptus 
facio, Cic; saepe, ita me dii jnvent, tedesideravi, 
Cic. B. of such a kind, such, in such a con- 
dition ; ita sunt res nostrae, Cic. C. and so, 
consequently, and then ; aliquot dies aegrotasse 
et ita esse wortuuni, Cie. D. To express con- 
dition or limitation, ita . . . m, to the extent 
that, only that; itatamen uttibi nolim molestus 
esse, Cic. E. with the object that, duobus con- 
sulibus ita missis, ut alter Mithridatem perse- 
quereiur, Cic F. To express degree, so, to such 
an extent ; ita mendose scribuntur, Cic. 

-Itali -orum and -Am, ni. the inhabitants of 
Italy, the Italians. Hence, A. Italia -ae, f. 
Italy. B. ItallCUS -a -um, Italian; subst., 
Italfca -ae, f. a town in Hispania Baetica. C. 
jt&lus -a -um, Italian. D. Italia -Wis, f., 
Italian. Plur., Italides = Italian women, Verg. 

Itaque, adv., 1, and thus, and so, Cic. ; 2, 
therefore, for that reason, on that account, Cic ; 
3 f after a digression, to resume the thread of 
discourse, so, Cic. 

Item, adv. (i-s and -tern). I. also, likewise, 
in like manner ; Romulus augur cum fratre item 
angure, Cic. II. A. In comparisons, in like 
manner, as; fecisti item ut praedones, Cic B. 
et item, itemque, and also, and even ; solis de- 
fectiones itemque lunae, Cic 

iter, ItlnSris, n. (connected with ire, itum). 
I. a going, walk, way. A. 1, in diversum iter 
eqni concitati, Liv. ; 2, a, a going, a jovrney, a 
march ; iter facere in Apnliain, Cic. ; iter ingredi, 
Cic. ; in itinere, on the march, Caes.; b, a march, 
considered as a measure of distance; cum 
abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, one day's 
journey, Cic. ; quam maximis itineriims potest, 
with the longest possible stages, Caes. ; 3, a, o 
legal right of way, Cic ; b, permission to march ; 
negat se posse iter ulli per provinciam dare, 
Caes. B. Fig., defessus labore atque itinere 
dlsputationis, Cic. II. Concrete. A. Lit., a 
way, road; iter angustum et difficile, Caes. B. 
tig., 1, way, course ; iter amoris nostri et officii 
mei, Cic; 2, method; nnturam .suo quodam 
itinere ad ultimum pervenire, Cic 

Iteratlo -Onis, f. (itero), a repetition, itera- 
tion; verborum, Cic 

Itero, 1. to do a second time, repeat. I. 
pugnam, to renew, Liv. ; aequor, to take ship 
again, Hor. II. A. to plough again ; agrum 
non sernel arare sed iterare, Cic B. to repeat 
(words); verba, Cic. 



Iterum, adv. I. a, again, a second time\ 
C. Flaminius consul iterum, Cic; b, of repeated 
actions, seniel atque iterum, Cic. ; iterum atque 
iterum, again and again, Hor. ; c, in order of 
events, secondly, seniel . . . iterum, Cic II. 
on the other hand. ; pares iterum acensandi 
rausas esse, Tac 

Ithaca -ae, and Ithace -es, f. ('I0a«rjj), an 
island in the Ionian- Sea, the home of Ulysses. 

Hence, adj., A. ithacensis -e, Tthacan. B. 

Ithacus -a -um, Ithacan. Sub=t., Ithacus 
-i, m. Ulysses, Verg. 

itidem, adv. (item-dem), in like manner, 
likewise, Cic 

Itio -onis, f. (eo), a going, travelling ; donium 
itio, Cic. 

ItiUS portus, a port of the Morini from which 
Caesar crossed over to Britain, perhaps Wit-Sand, 
Sandgatte, or Boulogne. 

Ito, 1. (intens. of eo), to go ; ad coenas, Cie. 

It one -es, f. (Irtivy) and Itonus -i, m. 

("1 ,10105), a town in Boeotia, with a temple of 

Athene. Hence, adj., Itonms -a -um, Itonian, 

Ituraei -Oruin, ni. ('I-rovfjaioi), a people in the 
north-east of Palestine. Hence, adj., Ituracus 
-a -um, Ituracan. 

Itus -ils, m. (eo), a going, departure ; noster 
itus, reditus, Cic 

Itylus -i, m. ("ItoAo?), son of the Thehan king 
Zetheus and Aedon, killed by his own mother. 

Itys -tyos, dat. -ty, ace -tyn and -tym, aid. 
-ty, in. ("Itus), son of Tereus and Procne, killed 
by his mother and served up for- food to his father. 

iuleus = Julius. I. named after hdus, son 
of Aeneas, avi, Ov. II. belonging to Julius 
Caesar; Calendae, 1st of July, Ov. 

lulus -i, m. sou of Aeneas, also called As- 
canius. 

Ixion -Siiis, 111. ('I£«oi'), king of the I.apithae 
in Thessaly, father of 1'irithou-s; for an intv.lt to 
Juno he vms hurled doum to Tartarus, and bound 
toa perpetually revolving wheel. Hence, A Adj., 
Ixicnlus -a -inn, of Ixion. B. Ixidmdes 
-ae, m. (IfioviSns), a son of Ixion, Pirithous, Ov. 



J. 



Jj, a consonant, originally written with the 
, same sign as the vowel I, i, yet recognised 
by the ancients as a different letter. 

jaceo -ci5i -clturus, 2. (akin to jacio), to lie 
(opp. stare, pendere). I. Lit., A. Gen., bnmi, 
Cic. ; in limine, Cic. ; lecto, Ov.; super corpus 
alicuius, Ov.; ad alicuius pedes, Cic. B. Esp.. 
1, to lie resting ; a, of persons, to sleep ; in 
lecto, Cic; b, to recline at table, Ov.; c, to lie 
sick, be ill ; te jacente, while you are ill in bed, 
Cic; 2, to lie' thrown to the ground; a, Arge, 
jaccs, Ov. ; b, to lie dead, be slain; pro patria, 
Ov. ; 3, to lie or remain for a long time; Brim- 
dltsii, Cic ; 4, a, to lie geographically, be. situate; 
jacet inter eos campus, Liv. ; b, to lie low, he 
flat; domns depressa, caeca, jacens, Cie. ; c, to 
lie in ruins; jacet Ilion ingens, Ov. ; d, of 
clothes, to hang loosely, be loose ; praeveirunt 
latas veste jacente vias, Ov. ; e, to be cast down ; 
vultus attolle jacentes, Ov. II. Fig., A prima 
tempora in minis reipublieae nostrisque jacue- 
runt, were united with, Cic B. 1, to he sunk 



.jac 



301 



Jan 



in ; in luaerore, Cic. ; 2, a, to be overcome, 
powerless; (a)jacero Caesareni offeusiono popu- 
lari, Cic; (fi) to be hopeless, dispirited; jaect, 
diflidit, abjeeit hastas, Cic. ; (y) to be neglected or 
d ; philosophia jacuit usque ud hanc 
aetatem, Cic. ; b, to be overthrown, put out of 
court ; jacent hi suis testibus, Cic. ; jacet igitur 
tota conclusio, Cic; c, to cease ; judicia jacebanl, 
Cic ; d, to be low in price ; jacent pretia prae- 
diorum, Cic; 3, of words, to be in, common use; 
(verba) jacentia, Cic. 

Jacetani -oium, m. a people in the north of 
Hispania ulterior. 
jacio, jeci, jactum, 3. to throw, cost, hurl. 

1, A. Lit., 1, gen., iu aliquem scyphum, Cic. ; 
niateriam de muro in aggerem, Caes. ; se in pro- 
fundum, Cic; 2, esp., a, to throw dice ; talum, 
Cic. ; b, to throw out an anchor ; ancoram, 
Caes. ; c, to fling away ; vestem procul, Ov. ; d, 
to scatter, diffuse ; flores, Verg. B. Fig., 1, to 
throw, cast; eontumeliam in aliquem, Cic. ; 2, 
to let fall in speaking, to litter ; assiduas ore 
querelas, Cic. ; suspieionera, Cic. ; de habitu 
cultuque et institutes eius, Tac IL to lay, 
build, erect ; aggerem, Caes. ; fuudamenta urbi, 
Liv. ; lig., l'undamenta pacis, Cic 

jactans -antis, p. adj. (from jacto), boastful, 
vainglorious, Cic. 

jactaiiter, adv. with eompar. (jactaus), 
boastfully, vaingloriously, Tac. 

jactaiitia -ae, f. (jacto), boasting, bragging, 
vainglory ; sui, about oneself, Tac. 

jactatlo -onis, f. (jacto). I. Act., a throw- 
ing, shaking, violently moving up and down; a, 
corporis, Cic; b, extolling, belauding; cultus, 
Tac. II, Pass., 1, being tossed about, tossing ; 
a, uavis, Cic. ; b, transf., violent emotions, Cic. ; 

2, applause ; jactationem habere in populo, Cic; 

3, vainglory ; alicuius, Cic. 

jactator -oris, ru. (jacto), a boaster, ostenta- 
tious person, Cic. 

jactatus -us, m. (jacto), a shaking, moving 
quickly up and down; pennarum, Ov. 

jactito, 1. (inteus. of jacto), to produce in 
public, to utter ; ridicula, Liv. 

jacto, 1. (intens. of jacio), to throw, cast. I, 

A. Lit., 1, gen., faces in vicinorum tecta, Cic. ; 
vestem de niuro, Caes. ; 2, a, to cast dice ; nu- 
meros eburnos, Ov. ; b, to throw away ; arma 
multa passim, Liv. ; c, to diffuse, spread, scatter; 
odorein late, Verg. B. Transf., to throw, utter, 
hurl; minus, Cic; jocosa dicta in adversarios, 
Liv. II. to move up and down, throw about, drive 
about, toss. A. Lit., 1, brachia, Ov. ; cerviculam, 
Cic; cum ad\ ersa tempestate in alto jactarentur, 
Cic. ; aestu febrique jactari, Cic. ; 2, esr., to 
throw about. gesticulating ; se, Cic B. Transf., 

1, gen., to drive hither and thither; curas pectore, 
Verg. ; middle, jactabntur minimus, fluctuated, 
Cic; refl., se jactare or middle jactari; se in 
causis centum viral ibus, to busy oneself with, Cic; 

2, esp., a, to torment, disquiet; jactatur donii 
suae, Cic; b, to talk about repeatedly, discuss, 
speak of; rem in contione, Cic. ; c, to boast of, 
vaunt: gratiam urbanam, Caes.; genus et no- 
mcii, Hor. ; d, reflex., jactare se; (a) to boast, 
brag, Cic; OS) to behave oneself in a certain way; 
so niagnificentissime, Cic. 

jactura -ae, f. (jacio). I, a throwing, throw- 
ing away; in mari jacturam facere, to throw 
overboard, Cic. II. Transf., A. loss, sacrifice; 
jacturae rei faniiliaris erunt faciendae, Cic. ; jac- 
turam criminum facere, to forego, pass over, Cic. 

B. cost, expense, Cic. 

jactUS -As, m. (jacioV a throwing, cast, throw. 
I.' fulminuin, Cic. ; iutra_teli j actum , withi n 



shot, Verg. II. the throw qf the due; Lcsseraruoi 
prosper jactus, Liv. 

jaculabilis -e (jaculor), that can be thrown 
or cast; leluiu, Ov. 

jiculatio -onis, f. (jaculor), a throwing, 
hurling, Plhi. 

jaculator -Oris, m. (jaculor), 1, a thrower, 
hurlcr, Hor. ; 2, a javelin-man, a light-armed 
soldier, Liv. 

jaciilatrix -icis, f. (jaculator), she that 
hurls, the huntress (Diana), Ov. 

jaculor, 1. (jaculum). I. Intransit., 1, lit., 
to throw a javelin; totum diem jaculari, Cic; 
2, transf., to make an attack with words; probris 
procacibus iu aliquem, Cic. II. Transit., A. 
to cast, hurl; 1, lit., ignes, Verg. ; silicem in 
hostes, Ov. ; 2, transf., verbum, Lucr. B. to 
shoot at; 1, lit., cervos, Hor. ; 2, transf.. to aim 
at, strive after ; multa, Hor. 

jaculum -i, n. (jacio, the thing thrown), 1, 
a dart, javelin ; fervefactajacula incastrajaeeie, 
Caes. ; 2, a casting-net, Ov. 

jam, adv. (is), now, already. I. Temporal, 
A. a, of the immediate present, just now; non 
quia jam shit, sed quia saepe sint, Cic. ; jam 
jamque, directly, Cic; jam nunc, /(<:>•< now, Cic. ; 
jam turn, just then, Cic. ; b, of time just 
passed, just lately ; ilia his quae jam posui con- 
sequentia, Cic; c, of future time, immediately, 
directly, presently: quam pulchra sint ipse jam 
dicet, Cic; thus (a) soon; jam te premet nox, 
Hor. ; (fi) of commands, now, at once ; sed jam 
age, carpe viam, Verg. B. a, till now, up to the 
present time; septingentos jam aunos amplius 
unis moribus vivunt, Cic. ; jam diu, jam dudum, 
jam pridein, now for a long time, Cic. ; b, from 
now; jam coucedo non esse miseros qui mortui 
sunt, Cic. ; jam nor;, not from this time, Cic. C. 
To express something that happens unexpectedly 
early or late; a, already; omues jam istius 
generis legationes erant coustitutae, Cic. ; b, at 
last; te aliquando jam rem transigere, Cic. II. 
Of other relations. A. then certainly, now cer- 
tainly; da mihi hoc, jam tibi maximam partem 
defensionis praecideris, Cic. ; thus used to ex- 
press the' consequence of something, now in- 
deed, so indeed; id tu jam intelliges quum in 
Galliam veneris, Cic. B. To introduce some- 
' thing new, further, moreover ; et aures . . . itein- 
que uares . . . jam gustatus, Cic. C. To 
emphasise or limit statements, just, indeed; a, 
with pronoun, jam iliud non sunt admonendi, 
Cic. ; b, with adj., non scire quideni barbarum 
jam videtur, Cic ; c, of numerals, just; sunt 
duo menses jam, Cic. ; d, with particles, non 
jam, not indeed, Cic. : nunc jam, creu now, Cic. ; 
turn jam, just then, Cic. 

jamdudum, jampridem, v. jam. 

Janalis, v. Janus. 

Janiculum -i, n. (Janus), one of the hills of 
Home, on the left side of the Tiber. 

Janigcna -ae, c. (Janus and giguo), child of 
Janus, Ov. 

j anitor -oris, m. (janua), a door-keeper, porter. 
I. Gen., janitor carceris, Cic. II. Esp., A. Of 
Janus, coelostis aulae, Ov. B. Of Cerberus, 
janitor iinmauis aulae, Hor. 

janltrix -icis, f. (janitor), a portress, Plaut. 

janua -ae, f. (see Janus), 1, the outer door 
of a house; januam claudere, Cic. ; quaerere ali- 
quem a janua, to ask at the door for some one, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., entrance, passage; Ditis, Verg. ; 
maris gemini, of the Bosphorus, Ov. ; earn urbem 
eibi Asiae januam fore, Cic. ; fig., qua nolui 
janua sum ingressus in causam, Cic. 

Januarlus -a -urn (Janus), belonging to 



Jan 



302 



jud 



Janus; Januarius mensis, the month January, 
Cic, or simply Januarius, Cues. ; calendae Janu- 
arite, the 1st of January, Cic. 
jjinus -i, in. (root i, to go, whence also jauua). 

I. Kit old Italian deity, the god of the year, re- 
presented with two faces looking in opposite 
directions. II. 1, a covered passage, csp. a, o)ie. 
at the foot of the. Argilctum, adorned with statues 
of Jan us ; b, one of the portals of the porta Car- 
mentalis, Liv. ; c, one of the arcades in the forum 
at Rome, of which there were three, Janus sum- 
luus, inius, and medius, where the merchants, 
bankers, and booksellers had their shops ; 2, 
poet., the month of January, Ov. "Ilence, adj., 
Janalis -e, belonging to Janus. 

jecur, genit. jecoris and jeclnoris, n., and 
jdciir, genit. jocmeris, n., the liver, Cic; as 
the seat ' of the passions (according to the belief 
of the ancients) ; fervens diffieili bile- tumet 
jecur, Hor. (Varro and Cic. use the form jecoris, 
Livy jocineris.) 

jecusculum (Jficusculum) -i, n. (dim. 
of jecur), a little liver, Cic. 

jejune, adv. (je.junus), of style, dryly, 
meagrely, frigidly, without energy or taste; de 
aliqua re jejune ct exiliter disputare, Cic. ; haec 
dicuntur fortasse jejunius, Cic. 

Jejun?5sus -a -um (jejunium), hungry, fast- 
ing, Piaut. 

jejunltas -atis, f. (jejunus). I. hungriness, 

emptiness, Piaut. II. Transf., of .discourse, dry- 
ness, meagreness, frigidity, plainness; inopia et 
jejunitas, Cic. 

jejunium -ii, n. (jejunus). I. a fast, abstin- 
ence from, food; 1, lit., jejunium Cereri insti- 
tuere, Liv.; 2, hunger; jejunia pascere, satiare, 
solvere, sedare, placare, (o satisfy hunger, Ov. 

II. Transf., leanness, Yerg. 

jejunus -a -um, fasting. I. 1. lit., ita je- 
junus ut ne aquain quidem gustanm, Cic; 2, 
melon., a, hungry, Cic; b, thirsty, Prop.; 3, 
a, empty; corpora suco jejuna, Lucr. ; b, un- 
fruitful ; ager, Cic; c, scanty; sanies, Verg.. 
II. Fig.,' A", jejunae huius orationis aurcs, wn- 
acquainted with, Cic B. a, poor, mean; calum- 
nia, Cic; b, dry, meagre, weak, orati". Qic; c, 
pitiful, Insipid ■ illud vero pusilli animi et ipsa 
maleyolcntii" ; juni et inanis, Cic. 

jentacuium -i, n. (jento), a breakfast, 
Piaut 
jento, 1. to breakfast, (Suet. 
jocatio -onis, f. (jocor), a joke, jest, Cic. 

jocor, 1. dep. (jocus). I. Iutrarisit., to joke, 
jest ; cum aliquo perlitteras, Cic. ; me appellabat 
jocans, Cic. II. Transit., to soy in jest; haec 
jocatus sum, Cic. 

jocose, adv. (jocosus), in jest; jocosius scrib- 
ere, Cic. 

jocosus -a -um (jocus), jocose, humorous, 
witty, sportive, merry, Jacetious ; Maecenas, Hor. ; 
res, Cic ; transf., imago (vocia), the sportive echo, 
II or. 

jdcularis -e (joculus), jocular, laughable, 
ludicrous; licentia, Cic. ; BUbst., n. pL, jocii- 
laria-ium, n. jests, Hor. 

jociilariter, adv. (jocularis), jocularly, jest- 
ingly, P!iu. 

Joculator -5ris, m. (jocalor), ajoker, 
person, Cic. 

Joculor, 1. dep. (Joi alus), to joke, jest, speak 
jocosely; quaedaiu railitariterjoculautes, making 
r 'Mesoldigr-jats, Liv. 

jgcoius -i, 2. (dim! cf iocu/) « liitlt jclx, or 

,- , Piaut. ..- :• ' ... - . ' . • 



jocur, v. jecur. 

jocus -i, m. (plur. jociand joea). I. a joke, 
jest ; joci causa, fir the jest's sake, Cic ; per 
jocum, in jest, Cic. ; extra jocum, remote joco, 
joking apart. Cic II. Transf., a, a game, Ov. ; 
b, toying, Ov. ; c, a subject for jesting, Hor. 

1. juba -ae, 1'., 1, the wane of any animal, 
Cic. ; 2, the crest of a helmet, Verg. 

2. Juba -ae, in, (To£as), son oflliempsal, king 
ofNumidiu, one oftlic supporters of 1'vmpci" i. 

jubar -aris, n. (= juba re (sc lumen) from 
jubar), a beaming light, radiance, esp. of the 
heavenly bodies, a, lit., the light of the sun, Ov. ; 
of the moon, Ov. ; of fire, Ov. ; b, lueton., a star, 
esp., the morning star, Varr. 

jiibatus -a -um (juba), ho ring a mane, 
crested; anguis, Liv. 

jubeo, jussi, jussuin, 2. to order, command. 
I. Gen. coustr., a, with accus. and innn.\ Caesar 
te sine cura esse jussit, told you not to be troubled, 
Cic ; Dionysiumjubesalvere, greet, Cic. ; poutem 
jubet rescind], Caes. ; iu pass, with iniin. alone, 
consules jubentur scribere, Liv. ; b, with infin. 
alone, receptui canere jubet, Caes. ; c, with ut 
and the subj., jubere ut haec quoque referret, 
Caes. ; d, with subj. alone, Tac; e, with accus. 
alone, fratris necem, Tac.; f, absol., defessa 
jubendo est saeva Jovis conjux, Ov. II. A. 
Of physicians, to prescribe ; aegrotus qui jussus 
sit viuuin sumere, Cic. B. As political t.t., a, 
of the Roman senate and people, to order; 
senatus decrevit populusque jussit, Cic; senatus 
dictatorem dici jussit, Cic; legem, Cic; populus 
jussit de belle, Liv. ; b, transf., of a law, lex 
jubet aut vetat, Cic. 

jucunde ( jocunde), adv. (jucuudus), plea- 
santly, agreeably, delightfully ; vivere, Cic; ju- 
cundius inhere, Cic 

jucunditas (jocunditas) -atis, f. (ju- 
cuudus), pleasantness, agreeableness, delightful- 
ness, pleasure; vitae, Cic; dare so jucunditati, 
to yive oneself V P to pleasure, Cic. 
. jucundus (jocundus) -a -um (for juvi- 
cundus, from juvo), pleasant, agreeable, delightful, 
jjltjidjxii ; est mihi jucunda in inalis ves'tra e-fga 
me voluntas, Cic. ;' comes alicui jueuiidus, Cic. ; 
verba ad audiendum jucunda, Cic. ■ 

> Judaea -ae, f. (TouStua), Judaea or (sonie- 
times) Palestine; hence, 1, adj., Judaeus -a 
-um, Jewish, and suhst., Judaei -mum, m. the] 
Jews; 2, Juda'icus -a -um, Jewish. 

judex -icis, m.(jus dicere - judicare), a judge. 
I. selecti .indices, chosen by the praetor, Cic. ; 
judex quaestionis, a judge chosen to preside, ni 
a trial, Cic; dare judieem, to appoint a judge 
(said of the praetor), Cic ; judieem alicui ferre, 
of the plaintiff, to propose a judge, Cic. ; judieem 
dicere, of the defendant, Liv. ; aliqueni judieem 
sumere, or habere, Cic. ; judices rejieere, to 
object to, Cic. ; apud judieem causam agere, Cic. ; 
judieem esse de aliqua re, Cic ; used with femin- 
ine nouns, dialectica veri et falsi quasi discepta- 
i rix et judex, Cic. ; hac judice, Ov. II. Transf. , 
of a person who judges or decides on anything, 
aequissimus corum studiorum aestimator ct 
judex, Cic. 

judlcatio-onis, f. (judico), 1, a judicial inves- 
tigation, Cic; in a speech, the examination of 'he 
defendants plea, Cic. J 2, « judgment, opinior >,Cic. 

judicatum -i, u. (judico), a decided cas', 
judgment, decision; judicatum non facere, Cic. ; 
judicatum negare, Cic. 

judicatus -us, m. (judico), the offl.ee or busi- 
ness of a judge, Cic. 

judisliills -s (judicium), rtAiifg io a court 
ofjustlw } 'jKdicio.l; causa, Cic. ' 



jud 303 

judiclarilis -a -um (judicium), relating to 
a court of justice; quaestus, Cic 

judicium -ii, 11. (judex). I. 1, » trial, 
hijtil investigation ; judicium dare or redderc, 
Cic ; uui judicium exact, i.e., the praetor, Cic. ; 
2, mcton., a, a law-suit, Cic; b, the judicial 
vffice, 8a.ll. ; c, the place of trial, Nep. ; d, the 
Judges; judicium sorth'i, Cic. II, judgment, 
decision-, A. Lit., of on authority or superior, 
Cic; seuatus, Caes. B. Transf., 1, opinion, view; 
judicium facerc, (o decide, Cic; meojudicio, in 
nuj opinion, Cic. ; 2, a, the judgment, power uf 
judging, discernment, understanding; intelligens, 
Cic; subtile, Hor.; b, reflection, consideration; 
judicio aliquid facere, Cic. 

x judico, 1. (jus dico). I. to investigate judi- 
cially, (o he a judg e. Cic. II. to judge, decide. 
A. Lit., rem, Cie.;lites, Cic. ; aliquid contra ali- 
quem, Cic. ; with ace. and iuliu., deberi dotem, 
Cic. ; judicata res, a decided case, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to determine, decide ; judieatuin est, 
Cic. ; 2, to judge; a, ii quos ego posse judicare 
arbi {rarer, Cic; b, to esteem, value; prudentem 
non ex ijisius habitu sed ex aliqua re externa, 
Cic. ; c, to be of an opinion ; quod ante judic- 
aram, Cic. ; with ace. and intin., judico ne- 
minem tanta habuisse ornamenta, Cic. ; or in 
pass., with nom. and intin.; nos bene eniisse 
judicati sumus, Cic. ; d, to declare openly ; Dola- 
bella hoste judicato, Cic 

jugalis -e (jugum), yoked together; a, subst, 
jiigales -iura, in. a team or yoke, Verg. ; b, 
-matrimonial, nuptial; vinculum, Verg. ; dona, 
Ov.^ 

' JugariUS vicus, a part of Borne, at the foot of 
the capitol, named after Juno Juga, who had an* 
altar there. 

jugatio -onis, f. Cjugo), the training of vines 
on a trellis, Cic 

jiigerum -i, iu, plur. according Uj the Sid. 
declension (jugis), 1, a plot of land 2-iO feet long 
by VM broad, and containing therefore '2S,U00 
square feet, Cic. ; 2, as a translation of the 
Greek nXidpov, a measure of length, containing 
100 Greek or 101 Roman feet, Plin. . • • 

jugis -e (jungo), joined together; a, juge 
ausnicium, an auspice marred by the dunging of 
yoked, oxen, Cic. ; b, perpetual, continuous, never- 
jailing; aqua, Cic ; "pUteUS, Cic. 

juglans -glandis, f. (=Jovis glans), a walnut, 
Cic. 

jiigo, 1. (jugum), to bind together,- conned ; a, 
virlutes inter se jugatae sunt, Cic. ; b, to marry, 
give in marriage, Verg,; aliquem or aliquaui 
alicui, Verg. 

jugosus -a -urn (jugum), mountainous, Ov. 

jugulae -arum, f. ('juguius=junctus), the 
three stars which form the belt of the constellation. 
Orion, Plaut. 

jugulo, 1. (jugulum), to cut the throat, slay, 
kill. I. Lit., suem, Cic. ; cives optimos, Cic. 
II. to ruin, destroy ; aliquem factis decretisque, 
Cic. ; jugulari sua confessione, Cic. 

jugulum -i, n. and juguTus -i, m. (jungo). 

1. the collar-bone, Plin. II. the hollow above the 
collar-bone, the throat; jugula concava, Cic; 
jugulum dare (alicui), Cic, or porrigere, Hor.; 
of the defeated gladiator, to present his throat to 
hie adversary's stroke. 

Jugum -i, d. (root JUG, whence also jungoj 
Gk. Zyr, whence £vyoV, &vywfii). I. c, yoke 
passing over the necks of two oxen, a horse's 
collar: A. 1, lit., juga imponere bestiis, Cic. ; 

2, meton., a, a team or yoke of oxen, Cic; b, 
a. team of horses, Verg.; c, trassf., a poir, a, 
aoypU ; vxpioru^ (of Jaitoiius And Poli'oeHi), 
Cic B, Fig-, I, fore jugua parity -,o low to 



Jun 



adversity as well as in prosperity, Hor. ; 2, a, 
the marriage-tie, Ov. ; b, the yoke of slavery ; 
jugum acciperc, Liv. II. 1, the yoke under 
which the llama its compelled their vanqnUlied 
enemies to pass in taken of submission; mil tore 
sub jugum, Cic, Liv. 2, a, the constellation 
Libra, Cic. ; b, lias beam of a pair uf scales, Liv. ; 
3, the beam of a weaver's loom, Ov. ; 4, juga, 
the rowers' benches, Verg. ; 5, a ridge OX Summit 
of a mountain; summum jugum moutis, Caes. - 

Jugurtha -ae, in. king of Numidia, who 
carried on a long war with the Itomans, and was 
conquered by Marius. Hence, adj., Jugur- 
thinus -a -um, Jugurthinc. 

Julius -a -um, name of a Roman, gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were a, C. 
'Julius Caesar; b, his adopted son Octavius : 
and c, Julia, daughter of Augustus, wife o) 
Marcellus, Agrippa, andTibcriws. Adj., Julian; 
lex, of Julius Caesar, Cic ; mehsis Julius or 
simply Julius, the month of July, so called in 
honour of Julius Caesar, formerly called Quinc 
tilis. 

jumentum -i, n. (— jugineutiuu from jungo, 
as exameu = exagmen), an animal used for carry- 
ing or drawing, beast of burden, Cic. 

junccus -a -um (juncus), of or relating to 
rushes, made of rushes ; viueula, Ov. 

junoosus -a -um (juncus), full of rushes, 
rushy ; litora, Ov. 

junctim, adv. (juuetus), successively, both 
together, Suet. 

junctio -onis, f. (juiuro), a joining, con- 
nexion; eorum verborum, Cic 
- junctura -ae, f. (jungo), a joinir-g. A. 
Lit., a joint; tiguorum, Caes.; lateruui, Verg. 
B. Transf., 1, generis, relationship, Ov. ; 2, 
rlielo rival combination, putting together, Hor. 
,, junctus -a -um, p. adj. (from jungo), joined 
together, yoked together, connected, united. I. 
juuetior cum cxitu, Cic. II. 1, joined by affec- 
tion, relationship, etc. ; juuetissimus, most nearly 
connected, very intimate, Ov. ; 2, rhet. t. t.,lwcU 
put together; oratio, Cic. 

juncus -i, m. (crxolvos), a rush, bulrush ; 
limosus, Verg. ; junci palustrcs, Ov. 

jungo, junxi, junctum, 3. (root JUG, Gk- 
ZVr, whence (eiyvvpi, £yy6v), to joiiij vnitct 
connect. I. Lit., A. res inter se, Cic. ; "aliquid 
cum aliqua re, Cic; oscula, to kiss, Ov.j.fluvium 
ponte, Liv., poniem, Tac, to throw a bridge 
oi'er a river. B. Es]>., 1, to yoke; equos curru 
(dat.), Verg. ; 2, of places, in passive, to border 
on; Jano loea juncta, Ov. ; 3, milit. 1. 1., to 
unite troops; socia arma Rutulis, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. cum homiuibusconsuetudinesjung- 
ebit, Cic; with abl., improbitas scelere juncta, 
Cic ; with dat., iudignatio juncta conquestioui, 
Cic B. Esp., 1, to unite in marriage; aliquem 
secum matrimonio, Liv. ; alicui, Ov. ; se alicui, 
Ov. ; 2, to connect by affection, relationship, 
friendship; se ad aliquem, Cic. ; amicitiam cum 
aliquo, to form, Cic; 3, to unite politically; 
foedere or societate alicui jungi, Liv. ; 4, to 
connect grammatically ; juncta verba, Cic. 

junior, v. juvems. 

juniperus -i,. f. the juniper-free, Verg. 

Junius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which were L. Junius 
Brutus and the two Bruti, M. Jun. Brutus and 
D. Jun. Brutus, tlie murderers of Caesar; adj , 
Junian; mensis Junius or simply Junius, the 
month of June. . 

Juno -onis, f. (=; Jovmo), the goddess Juvo, 
cki.ugr.Zir of So *r»> sister ar.d wife of Jupiter $ 
Jrco iafacaa, Prcjirpin^Verg. ; &o JuaoAverna, 



J up 



501 



JUV 



Oi\; tirl'i Juuuiiis, Aryos, Ov. Hence, A. 
Junbnalis -e, relating or belonging tu Juno ; 
tempos, the month of Jane, Ov. B. JunoniUS 
-i -uiu, Junonian; Iiospitia, Varikage, Verg. ; 
ales, the peacock, Ov. ; cuslos, Argus, Ov. ; 
meiisis, June, Ov. C. Junonlcdla -ac, c n 
worshipper of Juno. D. Junonigena -ae, 111. 
son of Juno, of Vulcan, Ov. 

Jupplter, Jovis, 111. (prop., Diuspater, 
Diuspiter, Dies'piter, the father of the heavens), 
Jupiter, 1, the supreme god among the Romans, 
brother and husband of Juno, corres;x>nding to the 
Zeu? of the Greeks; Jovis satelles, Cic, ales, the 
eagle, Ov. ; Juppiter Stygius, Pluto, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., a, the planet Jupiter, Cic.; b, air, sky, 
heavens ; 6ub Jove, in the open air, Ov. 

Jura -ae, in. a mountain-chain extending 
northwards from the banks of the Rhone. 
jurandum -i, u. (juro), an oath, Ter. 

j orator -oris, m. (juro), a sworn assessor, as- 
sistant of the censor, Liv. 

1. juratus -a -uiu, parlic. of juro. 

2. juratus -a -uiu (jus), sworn, bound by an 
oath; jurati judices, Cic. 

jureconsultus = jurisconsultu.s (q.v.). 
jurejuro, 1. (jus and juro), to swear by an 
oath, Liv. 
jureperitus = jurisperitus (q.v.). 

jurgium -ii, n. (jurgo), altercation, verbal 
contention, strife, quarrel, brawl; jurgio sacpe 
contendere cum aliquo, Cic. 

jurgo, 1. (=jure ago). I. Intransit., to 
quarrel, contend in. v;ords, brawl, Cic. II. 
Transit., to scold, Hor. 

juridicialis -e (juridicus), relating to right 
or justice; coustitutio, Cic. 

jurisconsultus -i, m. one learned in the 
law, a lawyer, Cic. 

jurisdictio -Onis. f. I. the administration 
of justice by the praetor, judicial authority, Cic. ; 
jurisdictio urbana et peregrina (of the praetor 
urbanus and peregriuus), Liv. ; jurisdictio in 
libera civitate contra leges senatusque consults, 
Cic. II. Meton., a place where justia is ad- 
ministered, an as$Uc-town, Tac. 

jurisperitus -i, rn.onj skilled or experienced 
in the law, Cic. 

jUTO, 1. (2. j»s). I. Intransit., to swear, take 
an oath. A. ex animi mei senteutia, Cic. ; per 
deos, Sal). ; pro aliquo, in. the place of some one' 
Liv. B. in verba alicuius, to swear after a certain 
formula, Liv. ; in certa verba, Cic. ; in legem, td 
swear to, Cic; oinnis excrcittis in se quisque 
jurat, each soldier took the oath separately, Liv. 
II. Transit., A. to swear; juravi vcrissiinum jus- 
jurandum, Cic B. to affirm on oath, to swear 
to ; morbum, to the fact that one is ill, Cic. ; 
falsom jurare, Cic; id in litem, in support of a 
suit, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., Cic. C. to call 
the gods to witness; deos, Ov. D. to deity on 
oath; calunminm in aliquem, Liv. 

juror -atus sum, dep. 1. (= juro), to swuir ; 
quid juratus sit, Cic. ; partic juratus, sworn on 
oath ; si diceret juratus, Cic. (only used in pcrf. 
and partic. perf.). 

1. jus, juris, n. (connected with £uoy, from 
£e'io, siiw), broth, soup, Cic. 

2. Jus, juris, n. (from the same root as jubeo, 
lit. = jussum), right, law. I. A. As contained 
in statutes, etc., principia juris, Cic. ; jus ac fas 
omne delere, Cic. ; jura dare, to give laws, 
Liv. B. 1, law, as comprising rights ; jus j 
hominurn, natural law, Cic. ; jus gentium, Cic; 
jus civile, <fa common hw. Cic-. ; 2. a. '.av, as \ 



opposed to equity ; summum yus, sumnia iujui ia, 
L'ic. ; jus dicero, to declare the law, t'j decide 
judicially (said of tin* praetor), Cic; b, lueton., 
ii court of justice ; in jus vocarc, Cic; adire, 
Cic II. Transf., A. right, law, as common t" 
mankind ; divina ac liuiuaua jura, Cic. ; uxores 
codem jure sunt quo viri, have the «oi<; rights 
us, Cic. ; jure optimo, by the best of rights, Cic. ; 
jus est, with infin., it is right, Cic. B. 1, 
right, privilege ; jus civitatis, Cic; jus auxilii 
sui, Liv. ; 2, legal right, authority; jus agendi 
cum plebe, Cic; sui juris esse, to be independent, 
Cic. 

jusjurandum, jurisjurandi, n. an oath ; 
alioui jusjurandum dare, foil, by ace. and infin., 
to promise on oath, Cic ; jusjurandum accipere, 
to take an oath, Caes. ; jusjurandum violare, Cic ;- 
consecrare, Cic. ; tidem astringere jurejurando, 
Cic. ; aliquem jurejunmdo obstringere, with 
ace and infin., Caes. (Sometimes separated, 
e.g., jus igitur jurandum, Cic.) 

jUSSUm -i, n. (jubeo), gen. in plur. I. a 
command, order, Cic. ; jussa cflicere, Sail. II. 
A. the prescription of u physician, Ov. B. the 
command of the Soman people; pcruiciosa ct in- 
justa jussa, Cic. 

jussus -u, m. (jubeo), re command, com- 
manding ; vestrojussu, by your order, Cic 

juste, adv. (Justus), justly, rightly ; imperare, 
Cic. ; fiicilius fieri potuerit ct justius, Cic ; 
iiiuuo justissime, Cic. 

justificus -a -um (Justus and facio), acting 
justly, Cat. 

jUStitia -ae, f. (Justus), justice, love of justice, 
equity ; justitiam colere, Cic. ; justitia erga deos, 
Cic ; in hostein, Cic. 

justitium -ii, n. (juris -stitium, from jus 
and sisto), a suspension of business in the courts 
of law. I. a, justitium iudicere, edicere, to pro- 
claim a suspension of legal business; justitium 
remittere, to close, Liv.; b, transf., a pause, ces- 
sation, suspension; omnium rerun], Liv. II. a 
public mourning, Tac 

m. Justus -a -um (jus). I. Of persons, just, 
upright, impartial; judex, Cic. II. Of objects, 

A. just, equitable, fair; supplicium.Cic. ; bellum 
Liv. ; hostis, having thi right on his side, Cic ; 
subst., justum colere, to do what is right, Cie. 

B. Transf., 1, well grounded, justifiable; causa, 
'Cic ; ira, Ov. ; 2, regular, proper, jri£xfc£t, com- - 

lete , suitable; proelium, Liv. ; victoria, Cic. ; 3, 
fitting, right , sufficient; numerus, Liv. ; altitudo, 
Caes. ; neut. subst., plus justo, more than is 
right, Hor. ; so longior justo, Ov. ; plur., justa 

orum, a, what is fitting; justa praebere servis, 
Cic; b, due forms and observances, esp. funeral 
rites; justa fucerc alicui, Cic. 
«. Juturna -ac, f. (juvo), the nymph of a spring 
in Latium, sister of Turnus, worshipped at Home 
and sacrificed to in times of scarcity of water; 
ii spring near the river Xumicius, also wor- 
shipped. 

1. juvenilis -c (juvenis), youthful; corpus, 
Verg. ; Indus, Liv. 

2. Ju.vena.lls -is, m., L>. Junius, a Roman 
writer of satires, contemporary of Domitian and 
Trajan. 

juvenaliter, adv. (1. juvenalis), like a 
young man, with the strength of a young man, Ov. 

Juvoncus -a -um (for juvenicus, from ju- 
venis), young. I. Adj.,equus,Lucr. II. Subst., 
A. juvenous -i, m., a, a- young man, Hor.; 
b, a young bullock or ox, Verg. B. juvenca 
-ae, f., a, a young woman, a maiden, Hor.; b, 
a young cow, heifer, Verg. (genit. plur., juvecctur. 
Verg). 



juv 



305 lab 



jiivenesco -\eiiui, 3. (juvenis), 1, in grow 
up to yotitli; 'vitulus, Hor.; 2, to become young 
again ; juvenesdt homo, Ov. 

juvenilis -e (juvenis), youthful, juvenile; 
liceutia, Ciu ; redundautia, Cic. 

juv£nillter, adv. (juvenilis), youthfully, like 
a youth; Annibal juveniliter exsultans, Cic. 

jiivenis -is (juvo). I. Adj., young, youth- 

'"ful; anni, Ov. ; coinpar., junior, Liv. II. 

Subst., jiivenis -is, c, a young man, young 

woman, one in the prime of life (generally from 

the twentieth to the fortieth year), Cic. 

juvenor, 1. dep. (juvenis), to act like a 
youth, with youthful indiscretion, and impetu- 
osity, Hor. 

jtiventa -ae, f. (juvenis), youth. I. 1, lit., 
the time of youth ; flos juventae, Liv. ; 2, meton., 
(a) the youth = the young; imbellis, docilis, 
Hor. ; (0) prima juventa, (Ac down on a young 
man's cheeks, Verg. ; (y) abstract, the force of 
youth; virtus ct .juventa, Liv. II. Porsonif., 
ihc goddess of youth, Ov. 

jiiventas -atis, f. (juvenis). I. youth, the 

time of youth; 1, lit., Vcrg. ; 2, mcton., a, 
prima juventas, the down on, a, young man's 
cheeks, Verg. ; b, the vigour of youth, Hor. II. 
Ferson., the goddess of youth, Hebe, Cic. 

juvenilis -utis, f. (juvenis), youth, the period 
of life between the twentieth and the fortieth year. 
A. Lit., ea quae juventute geruntur et viribus, 
Cic. B. Meton., young men; juventus Romana, 
Liv. ; legendus est hie orator juventuti, Cic. ; 
princeps juventutis, in republican times, the 
first among the knights, Cic. 

jiivo, juvi, jutum, fut. partic., jfivaturus, 1. 
I. to help, assist, aid, be of service; aliquem in 
aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem auxilio laboris, Cic. ; 
hostes frumento, Caes. ; juvante deo, diis juvant- 
ibus, with God's help, Cic. II. to delight, please, 
gratify; ut te juvit coena? Hor.; ita so dicent 
juvari, Cic. ; often impers., juvat, with infiu., 
it delights, it pleases; juvit me tibi tuas literas 
profuisse, Cic. ; forsan et haec olim meminisse 
juvabit, Verg. 

juxta (connected with jungo). I. Adv., A. 
Of space, close to, by the side of, near, hard by; 
legio quae juxta constiterat, Caes. ; sellam juxta 
ponere,Sall. B.Transf., inlikemanner, equally ; 
vitam mortemque juxta aestimo, Sail. ; aliaque 
castella juxta ignobilia, Liv. ; juxta ac si hostes 
adessent, Liv. ; juxta quam, Liv. ; with dat., 
res parva ac juxta magnis difticilis, Liv. ; with 
cum and the abl., juxta mecuni omnes intclli- 
gitis, Sail. II. Prep, with ace. A. Of space, 
1, lit., near to, hard by; juxta murum castra 
posuit, Caes. ; 2, transf., immediately after or 
upon, next to; juxta deos in tua manu positum 
est, Tac. B. Of time, just before; juxta finem 
vitae, Tac. 

juxtim, adv. (connected with jungo), near, 
close by, Lucr. 



KThe letter K, k, was originally a part of 
^ the Latin Alphabet, but afterwards almost 
entirely disappeared from it, and was replaced 
by C. K was only used iu abbreviations, as 
K. = Eaesar, Kal. = Kalendae. 

Kalendae = Calendae (q.v.). 
Kartiago = Carthago (q.v.J. ' 



L. 

Ll, correjponda to the Greek lambda (A, \). 
, For its use as an abbreviation, v. Table of 
Abbreviations. 

labasco, 3. (labo), 1, to totter, threaten to 
fall, Lucr. ; 2, to give uay, Ter. 
labea -ae, f., the lip ~ labia (q.v.). 

labecula -ae, f. (dim. of labes), a little spot 
or stain, a slight disgrace, Cic. 

labefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., labefio, 
-factus sum -fieri (labo and facio). I, to make to 
totter, shake, loosen; partem muri, Caes. ; charta 
sit a vinclis nou labefocta suis, not opened, Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, a, to weaken ; corpora aestus 
impatientia labefecit, Tac. ; b, politically, to 
shake, impair; jura plebis, Liv. ; 2, to cause to 
shake or waver; qucm nulla unquam vis, nullae 
miuae, nulla iuvidia labefecit, Cic. 

labofacto, 1. (intens. of labefacio), to caust 
to totter, shake violently. I. Lit., signum veeti- 
bus, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a, animam sedibus 
intus, Lucr. ; b, to injure, weaken, destroy ; 
alicuius hdem pretio, to corrupt, Cic. ; amicitiani 
aut justitiam, Cic; vitas hominum, to disturb, 
disquiet, Cic. 

1. labellum -i, n. (dim. of 1. labrum), a 

little lip, Cic. 

2. labellum i, n. (dim. of 2. labrum), a 
small bathing- vessel, Cic. 

LiLberius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, 
the most famous member of which was D. Laberius, 
a knight and writer of mimes, contemporary of 
Jul. Caesar. 

labes -is, f. (1. labor), a falling in, sinking 
in. I. Lit., esp. of the earth, multi6 locis labes 
faetae sint, Cic. II. TraDsf., A. prima labes 
mali, the first miscliance, Verg. B. 1, ruin, 
destruction; iunoeentiae labes aut ruina, Cic; 
applied to a person, labes atque pernicies pro- 
vjuciae Siciliae, Cic; 2, a spot, stain, blemish; 
a, physical, sine labe toga, Ov. ; victiina labe 
carens, Ov. ; b, moral, marie of disgrace, stain of 
infamy, disgrace, dishonour, ignominy ; ilia labes 
atque ignomiaia reipublicae, Cic. ; alicui labem 
inferre, Cic. 

labia (labea) -ae, f. and labium -Ii, n. 
(lambo), a lip, Plaut.- 

Labici (Lavici) -orum, m. and Labicum 

-i, n. an old Latin town, fifteen miles south-east of 
Rome. Hence, adj., Labicanus -a -um, o/or 
belonging to Labicum; subst., a, L&bicanum 
•i, n. the territory of Labicum; b, Labioani 
-oruin, m. the inhabitants of Labicum. 

Labienus -i, m., T., a legate of Julius Caesar, 
who deserted to Pompeius at the breaking out of 
the Civil War. 

' labiosus -a -um (labium), with large lips, 
Lucr. 

labium -ii, n. = labia (q.v.). 

labo, 1. to totter, waver, be about to fall, begin, 
to sink. I. Lit, signum lajbat, Cic. ; labat ariete 
erebro jauua, Verg. ; labantem una parte aciem, 
wavering, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to waver, totter; 
omnes I'eipublicae partes aegras et labantes 
sanare et conlirmare, Cic. ; memoria labat, is 
uncertain, Liv. ; 2, to waver in fidelity or 
opinion; scito labare meum consilium, Cic; 
fides sociorum labare coepit, Liv. 

1. labor, lapsus sum, b. dep. to glide, slide, 
fall down, slip. 1. 1, lit., ex equo, Liv. ; burner 
in genas furtiia labitur, Hor. ; Stellas praecipites 
coelo labi, Verg. ; lapsi de fpntibus anin'es, Ov. ; 



lab 



COG 



Lac 



quia coutinenter laberentur ct fluerent omnia, 
Cic ; 2, transf., a, to glide, to run, to flow ; sed 
labor tongius, ad propositmu reverter, I wander 
from, the point, Cic. ; oratio sedate plaeideque 
labitur, flows along, Cic; of time, to pass away; 
labuutiir tcmpora, Hor. ; b, to incline to, fall 
into ; labor oo ill assent iar Epicuro, / feel myself 
drawn into, etc., Cic; eivitatum mores; lapsi 
ad mollitiein, Cic. II. A. to glide down, glide 
off, deviate from ; ne udjeetae Voces laberentur 
atque errareut, Cic. ; bac spe lapsus, deceived, 
Cic. E. to slip, to stumble; 1, lit., agaso pede 
lapsus, Hor.; 2, transf., &,tomakeaslip, to make 
a mistake ; erravit, lapsus est, nou putavit, Cic. ; 
in aliqua re, Cic. ; per errorem, Cic. ; propter 
imprudentiam, Cic. ; in officio, Cic. ; b, to be on 
the point of falling ; labentein et prope cadentem 
reinpublicam, Cic. C. to glide out, to fall out; 
viscera lapsa, 0\'. ; of persons, to slip away ; 
custodia, Tac. D. to fall to the ground; calor 
ossa reliquit, labitur, Verg. ; labentes deoruw 
aedes, Hor. ; transf., tv fall, be destroyed; lapsum 
genus, Verg. 

2. labor -oris, in. v:ork, labour, toil, effort. 
I. Lit., a, gen., res est magni laboris, is difficult, 
Cic. ; capere tantum laborem, Cic. ; impeuditur 
labor ad incertum casum, Cic. ; laborem homin- 
nm periculis sublevaudis impertire, Cic. ; lab- 
orem interponere pro aliquo, Cic. ; labor est, 
with intin., it is a work of difficulty, Liv. ; b, 
activity, industry, capacity for work ; homo magui 
laboris, Cic. ; 2, ineton., a, work, result of 
labour;" multorum mensium labor interiit, 
Caes. ; b, deed, undertaking ; belli, Verg. II. a, 
hardship, fatigue, need, distress, difficulty ; cuius 
erga me benevolentiani vel iu labore nieo vel in 
honore perspexi, Cic. ; poet., labores solis, eclipse 
ofthesu.n,\zr«. ; Lucinae, pains of labour t Yerg.; 
b, sickness, Plaut. 

l&bdrlfer -fSra -ferum (labor andfero), bear- 
ing toil and hardship; Hercules, Ov. 

laboriose, adv. (labo'riosus), laboriously, 
vHhtoiland fatigue; quoquisqueeslingeniosior, 
hoe docet liracundius et laboriosius, Cic; dilig- 
entissime laboriosissimcque accusare, Cic 

laboiiosus -a -urn (2. labor). J. full of toil, 
hardship, trouble, lahorimis; a, vitee genus 
laboriosum sequi, Cic. ; b, of persons, industri- 
ous, Cic. II. troubled, harassed, undergoing 
trouble and liardship ; laboriosa eokors Ulixei, 
Hor. ; quid nobis duobus laboriosius, Cic 

laboro, r. (2. labor). I. Intransit, A. a, 

to work, toil, labour, strive: sibi et populo 
Romano, non Verri laborarc, Cic ; in aliqua re, 
Cic. ; dc aliqua re, Cic. ; de aliquo, Cic. ; in 
aliquid, Liv. ; with ut or ne and the subj., Cic. ; 
nou laboro, with iuliu., Cic; b, to be troubled- 
about, to be distressed, to care ; quorsum recidat 
responsum tuum, non maguo opere laboro, Cic. 
B. to suffer, labour under anything, be oppressed 
with, afflicted with ; niorbo, to be ill, Cic. ; ex in- 
testinis, pedibus, reuibus, to suffer pain in, Cic. ; 
ex invidia, Cic. ; a re fnunentaria, Caes. ; in re 
familiari, Cic; absol., to be in danger; illi 
laborauti subvenire, Caes. ; of things, quod 
vehemeute;- eius artus laborarent, as he suffered 
from gout, Cic. ; digitorum contiactio nullo in 
motu laborat, finds no difficulty in, Cic; quum 
luna laboiet, ts eclipsed, Cic II. Transit., to 
vork out, zo elaborate, prepare, form ; arte labor- 
atae vebtes, Verg. ; dona labcratae Cerei in, corn 
r, '< r le into bread, Verg. 

lab os -on?, ni. = 2. labor (q.v.). 

Labros -i,- m.~(Aci0pos), mine of a dog, Ov. 

1. lab~UEl -i. p.'G^^ibo),' a, lip; bupenus; 
the upper lip, Cm.; csov., prills" latr:.; -ruit- 
me pbysiclc^is:, fo nee cr.'y c superficial* 



meton., the edge, rim, lip, 



knowledge of, Cic 
fossae, Caes. 

2. labrum -i, n. (lavo), a, a basin, vessel, 
tub, Verg. ; b, especially,!: bathing-vessel, Cic; 
meton. poet., labra Dianae, bath, Ov. 

labrusca -ac, f. the wild vine, Very. 

labruscum -i, n. t/tc fruit of the wild vim; 
Verg. 

laburnum -i, n. the laburnum tree (Cytisus 
Laburnum, Linn.), Pliu. 

labyrintheus -a -urn (labyrinthus), laby- 
rinthine, Cat. 

labyrinthUS -i, m. (kapi'piv6os), a labyrinth, 
csp. the labyrinth in Crete constructed by Daedalus, 
Verg. 

lac, lactis, n. (akin to yoAa. ydAaK-ros). milk. 
I. Lit., Cic. II. Transf., the milky sap of 
plants, Ov. 

Lacaena -ae, f. (Adxatra), Spartan, Lacedae- 
monian ; virgo, Verg.; subst., a Spartan woman ; 
esp., Helen, Verg. ; Leda, Mart. 

Lacedaemon -6nis, f. (\aKtSaip.av), the 
city Lacedaemon or Sparta; hence, adj., Lac6- 
daememus -a -urn, Lacedaemonian ; Tarentum, 
built by a colony from Sparta. Hor. 

lacer -c8ra-cerum. I. Pass., torn, maimed, 
dismembered, torn to pieces ; corpus, Sail.; vestis, 
Tac II. Act., tearing to pieces ; morsus, Ov. 

laceratio -onis, f. (lacero), a tearing to pieces, 
maiming, mangling, laceration; corporis, Cic. 

lacema -ae, f. a mantle worn over the toga 
on a journey or in- bad weather, Cic. 

lacernatus -a -urn (lacerna), clad in the 
lucema, Juv. 

lacero, 1. (lacer), to tear to pieces, maim, 
mangle, laconic. I. Lit., alicuius corpus lacerare 
atque vexare, Cic; lacerare aliquem muni- 
cruciatu, Cic ; pontes, to destroy, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, to wound deeply, ruin, destroy-; 
lacerare reinpublicam, Cic; patriam scelere, 
Cic; esp., a, to squander; pecuniam, Cic; b, 
to distress, torture; mens me moeror quptidianus 
lacerat, Cic ; 2, to wound with, words, rail at, 
asperse, attack, rend; hacc te lacerat, liaec 
ciucntat oratio, Cic ; aliquem probris, Liv. 

lacerta -ae, f. I. a lizard, Hor. II. et 
sea-fish, Cic 

lacertosus -r. am (laccrtus), muscular, 
powerful; centurion is Cic. 

•1. lacertus -i, ;;. gen. plur. = <Ae muscles. 
I. Cen., 1, lit., lacertos exercitatio expressit, 
Quint.; 2, tig., of oratorical vigour, iu Lysia 
sunt lacerti, Cic, II. 1, the inusclesofthe upper 
part of the arm (from the shoulder to the elbow), 
Milo Crotoniates nobilitaLus ex lateribus ct 
lacertis suis, Cic ; 2, fig., of oratorical vigour, 
a quo quum amentatas hastas acceperit, ipse eas 
oratoris lacertis viribusque torquebit, Cic. 

2. lacertus -i, m. = lacerta (q.v.). 

lacesso -Ivi and -ii -I turn, 3. (intens. of 
*lacio), to provoke, stimulate, excite, exasperate, 
irritate; a, virum ferro, Cic; aliquem proelio, 
bello, Caes. ; aliquem ad pugnam, Liv. ; mo 
scripto, provoke me to write again, Cic ; so ad 
Bcrioendum, Cic ; aliquem injuria, Cic ; deos 
precibus, Hor. ; pelagus canna, to sail over, 
Hor. ; b, with ace. of thing, to begin, occasion ; 
pugnam , Liv. ; sermones, Cic 

Lacetani -orum, m. (Acfcercioi), " people in 
H'.ipav.ia, Tarraconensis. Henec-, Laeetania 
-ae, f. the country of the Lacetani. 

Ladies -etij<, m. (Xi-xrj;), sor. 
;- ral of iin Athenians, slain 

(AliE.C). - - 



of Melamvuj, 



Lac 



307 



lae 



Lachesis -is, f. (Aax«ns), the one of the 
three Parent that spun the threcul of life. 

lachrima (lachryma), v. lacrima. 

lachrimo (lachrymo) and -or, v. lacrimo. 

Laciades -as, in. (AaxidSnO, belonging to the 
Lacian deme (in Attica), Cic. 

lacinia -ac, f. (A.a-«'s), a lappet ox flap '/ a 
tjarment; prov., aliqui". obtinere lacuna, to hold- 
by the extreme end, to have but an insecure hold, 
Cic. ; in lacinia servarc ex inensa sccuuda semiiia, 
ap. Cic. 

Lacinlum -ii, n. (AaKiviov i<pov), a promon- 
tory in hruttium, near Crotona, where Juno 
Lacinia had a famous temple. Hence,_ adj., 
Lacinius -a -uui," Lacinian ; diva Lacinia, the 
Lacinian goddess' (Juno) ; meton. - the tempi* of 
Juno Lacinia, Verg. 

Laco (Lacon) -finis, m. (Xixiav), a Spartan, 
Lacedaemonian; fulvus Laco, a Spartan hound, 
Hor. ; plur., Lacdnes -tun,, in. the Lacedae- 
monians. Heuce, 1, adj., Laconicus -a -urn, 
Laconian. Subst,, a, Laconica -ae, f. or 
Laconice -es, f. (A<ncu>vi»oj), the country of 
Laconia, Nep. ; b, Laconicum -i, n. (sc. 
balneum), a sweating-room in, a bath, UC , 
2, Lacdnis -Idis, f. Spartan; mater, Ov. 

lacrima (lacruma, lachrima, or lach- 
ryma) -ae, f. (Sixpv, Sitcpvaa). I. a tear; 
nmltis cum lacrimis, with a flood of tears, Cic; 
lacrimaa profundere, to shed tears, C;c. ; prae 

"■n, Cic. ; 



lacrimis (for tears) loqui uon possum, 
debilitor lacrimis, unmanned by, Cic.; lacrimis 
gaudio effusis, Liv. II. the exudation from 
certain plants; turis, Ov. ; Heliadum, amber, Ov. 
lacrimabilis(lacrumabilis) -e Gacrimo), 
deplorable, lamentable, woeful; tempus, Ov. ; hel- 
ium, Verg. 

laerimabundus -a -urn (lacrimo), breaking 
into tears, weeping, Liv. 

lacrimo (lachrymo, lacrumo), 1. to weep, 
shed tears. I. Lit., ecquis fuit quiulacnmaret? 
Cic II. Of plants, to exude, to drip, drop 
down; partic. pass., lacvimatae cortice myrihae, 
dripping from, Ov. 

lacrimosus (lacrtimosus) -a -urn (lac- 
rima) I. tearful, shedding .tears : huiuiia vino 
lacriiuosa, Ov. ; voces, Verg,, -II. a, musing 
tears; fumus, Hor.; b, mournful, piteous; bel- 
luin, Ilor. 

lacrimiila -ae, f. (dim. of lacrima), a little 
tear, Cic. 
I lacruma, etc., v. lacrima, etc. 

lacteo, 2, (lac). I. to suck; lactens Ro- 
mulus, Cic. ; lactens hostia, Cic. Subst, lac- 
tcntes -lum, f. (sc. hostiae), unweancd animals, 
as victims for a sacrifice ; lactentibus rem divinam 
facere, Liv. II. to be milky, juicy, contain milk, 
to be full of sap; frumenta, Verg. 

lacteolus -a -um, adj. (dim. of lacteus), 
milk- white, Cat. 
lactes -lum, f. (\m), the small intestines, guts, 

rjaut. , .„ . 

lactesco, 3. (lacteo), to become milk, be 
changed into milk; omms fere cibus matrum 
lactescere incipit, Cic. 

lacteus -a -urn (lac). I. Lit., 1, miMcw; 
humor, Ov. ; 2, full of milk; ubera, Vera. II, 
Meton., milk-white; cervix, Verg. ; via lactea, 
Ov., or orbis lacteus, Cic, the Milky Way. 

1. lacto, 1. (\s.c), to give milk, to be full of 
milk, Ov. 

3. lacto, 1. (inteES, of * lacio, to entice), to 
o.'.'-^;, urScoai d&B+deoeiva, ccjol:, Tiiut, 

lactates, ig. £ (lae), a Uttuie, Hor. 



lacuna -ae, f. (for lacuina, from lacus). I. 
a cavity, hollow, cavern; 1, a, lacunae salsae, 
the salt depths of tlie sea, Lucr. ; b, m the body 
uf animals, Bint modici victus parvaeque utrnn- 
que lacunae, dimples, Ov. ; 2, a pool, pund, 
ditch; vasiae lacunae Orel, Lucr. ; cavae lacunae, 
Verg. II. Tnmsf., a gap, defect, loss; ut ilium 
lacunam rei familiaris expleant, Cic. 

lacunar -aris, n. (lacuua), a panelled ceiling, 
Cic. ; prov., spectare lacunar, to gaze at the ceiling, 
i.e., to pretend not to see what is going on, Juv. 

lacuno, 1. (lacuna), to work in }xtnels, to 
panel, Ov. 

lacunosus -a -um (lacuna), full of Iwllows 
or gaps ; nihil lacunosum, defective, Cic. 

lacus -vis, m. (root LAC, whence also Aaxicos, 
lacuna). I. a lake, Cic. ; used poet, for any 
large body of water, Verg., Ov. II. a water- 
trough or basin, Hor. ; a blacksmith's trough, 
Verg. III. any large tank, vat, tub, especially 
that into which the wine flows when pressed 
from the grapes; trausf., nova istu quasi ae 
■musto ac lacu fervida oratio, Cic. 

Lacydes -is, in. (\aj(vSr^),an academic philo- 
sopher, founder of.the New Academy. 

Ladas -ae, in. (AaSas), a Laconian athlete, 
whose speed in running wasproverbial inantiouity, 
Juv. • . . ' , . 

Lidon -finis, m. (AaSujv), a river m Arcadia. 
laedo, laesi, laesum, ii. to hurt, injure, 
damage. I. Lit., cursu aristas, Verg. ; froudes, 
Ov. ; ioua laedere collum, to strangle, Hor. II. 
Transf., to trouble, offend, annoy, vex, calumniate, 
attack ; aliquem perjurio suo, Cic. ; famam all- • 
cuius gravi opprobrio, Cic. 

Laelius -a -um, iiameofaEomangens^the 
most prominent members of which were: C. Laelius,. 
the friend of Scipio, ami D. Laelius,- a supporter- 
of Pompeius. Hence, adj., Laelianus -a -uni, 
Laelian. 

laena -ae, f. (x^-alva), an upper garment of thick 
loth, Cic. 

Laertes -ae, m. (Aae'pnjs), the father of Ulysses ;'■ 
hence,' 1, adj., LaertlUS -a -um, Lacrtian;- 
regna, Ithaca, Verg. ; heros, Ulysses, Ov. ; 2, 
Lacrtiades -ae, m. the son of Laertes, i.e., 
Ulysses, Hor. 

laesio-onis, f. (laedo), rhefc t.t,, an oratorical 
attack, Cic. 

Laestrygones -uin, m. (Aaio-TpuyovesX 
myth., a race of cannibals in Sicily ; sing., Lac- 
strygdn -6nis, m." a Laestrygonian ; urbs 
Land Laestrvpouis (i.e., Formiae), Ov. Hence, 
adj., Laestrygonius -a -um, Laestrygonian; 
domus, Formiae, Ov. 

laetabilis -e Gaetor), joyful, gladsome, joy- 
ous, Cic. 

laetatio -onis, f. Gaetor), a rejoicing, joy, 
Ca.6s 

laete, adv. (laetus), joyfully, gladly; aliquid 
laete atque insolenter ferre, Cic. 

laetiflCO, 1. (laetificus). I. to cheer, glad- 
den, delight, make joyful; sol terrain laetiiicut, 
Cic. II. to fertilise; agios aqua, Cic. 

laetificus -a -um (laetus and facio), causing 
joy, gladdening, cheering, joyous, Lucr. .... , 

iastltfe -ae. f- GaetUb). I. joy, expressed avxl 
unrestrained gladness, delight; laetitiam capei-t, 
percipere ex aliqua re, Cic. ; dare alicui laetitiam, 
Cic. ; laetitiam alicui afferre, Cic. ; laetitia inn 
inaximae praeclarissimaeque pugnae, Cic II. 
a pleasing appearance, beauty, grace; oratiouis, 
Tac. 



lasfo*. 1. dec! flietas).'Jq nje'^s, Zi s"*r— s 
icftB delight, byTat; a;«h abL,"b<feienrebaa 



ljae 



sos 



Ian 



Tic. ; b, witb in and the abl., in omnium gemitu, 
Cic. ; c, with de and the abl., decouuuuui salute, 
C'ie. ; d, witb ex and the abl., Sail. ; e, with ace. 
of Hit nent. proii., utrumque laetor, Cic; f, with 
ace. and intin., hliolatuate dclectari laetor, Cic. ; 
g, with quud, so laetari, quod effugissem dm- 
maxima* vituperationes, Cic. ; abso!., lactaiui 
aninio, Cic. 

Laetdrlus -a -uni, name of a Roman plebeian 

gens. 

laetUB -a -uni, joyful, glad. I. a, lit., of per- 
sons, hi vagantur laeti atque erecti passim toto 
foro, Cic. ; with abl., minime laetus orlgino novae 
urbis, Liv. ; with genit, laetus laboruiu, Verg. ; 
b, transf., of things, oratio, Liv.; vultus, Cic. 
II. A. making joyful, pleating, agreeable ; omnia 
erant facta laetiora, Cic. B. Transf., 1, favour- 
ing, fortunate, propitious; augurium, Tac. ; 2, 
a, fruitful; pascua, Liv.; laetae segetes, rich, 
Cic. ; b, of animals, fat, Verg. ; c, of orators, 
copious, fluent, delightful; nitiduiu quoddam 
genus est verboi um et laetum, Cic. 

laeve, adv. (lacvus), on the left hand, hence 
awkwardly, Hor. 

laevus -a -inn (Amos), left. I. Lit., a, adj., 
manus, Cic. ; amnis, thelcft bank, Tac. ; b, subst., 
(o) laeva -ae, f. (sc. manus), the left hand, the. 
left; ad laevam, to the left, Cic; (0) laevum 
-i, n. the left side; in laevum flectcre cursus, 
Ov. ; plur., laeva -orum, places lying to the left, 
Ov. II. Transf., 1, left-handed, foolish, silly; 
mens, Verg. ; et ego laevus ! what a fool I am! 
Hor.; 2, unsuitable; tempus, Hor.; 3, «n- 
tucky, unpropitious; picus, Hor. ; 4, in augury, 
favourable, as the Roman augurs, looking 6outh, 
had the east or lucky side on their left hand; 
laevum intonuit, on the left, Verg. 

laganum -i, n. (Aa-yami;), a cake made of 
flour and oil, Hor. 

lagena = lagoena (q.v.). 

lageos -ei, f. (Aayetos), a Greek kind cf vine, 
Verg. 

lagoena -ae, f. (Aayrji/os), a large earthen 
jar or bottle with handles and a narrow neck, 
Cic. 

lagois -idis, f. (AayaU), a bird, perhaps a 
hcathcoclc or grouse, Hor. 

laguncula -ae, f. (dim. of lagoena), a little 
bottle or ftask, Plin. 

Lagus -i, m. the father of Ptolemy, king of 
Egypt. Hence, adj., Lageus -a .-uni, poet. = 
Egyptian, Mart. 

Lais -Idis and -Idea, f. (XaU), a celebrated 
Corinthian beauty. 

Lai as, or Lajus -i, m. (Aii'o?), son cf Labdac- 
us, father of Oedipus. Hence, Lalades -ae, m. 
sonofLaius, i.e. Oedipus, Ov. 

lama -ae, f. (perhaps connected with lacuna, 
lacus), a bog, slough, ditch, Hor. 

lambo. Iambi, lambltmn, 3. to lick ; a, of 
animals, tribunal meum, Cic. ; b, poet., transf., 
of things, quae loca fabulosus lanibit Hydaspes, 
bathes, washes, Hor. ; of fire, flannna suinmuni 
properabat lambere tectum, Hor. 

lamentab'lis -e (lamentor). I. lamentable, 

deplorable ; regnum, Verg. II. doleful, mournful ; 
vox, Cic. ; mulierum comploratio, Liv. 

lamentatio -onis, f. (lamentor), a lamenting, 
weeping, wailing, lamentation; plangore et lam- 
entatione complere forum, Cic. 

lamentor, l, dep. I. In transit, to ween, 
wail, lament; flp.biliter in vulnere, Cic. II. 
Transit., to bewail, weepover, lament ; eaecitatem, 
Cic. ; with ace. and infln., Hor. 

lamentum -i, n. a wailing, weeping, lament- 



ation; gen. tn plur., se lamentis iimlicbritcr 
lacrimisque dedere, Cic. 

1. lamia -ae, f. (Au/ii'a), gen. plur., lamia'-, 
witches believed to suck children's bl'<od, vampire.:, 
Hor. 

". Lamia -ac, m. " cognomen cf the Acliai\ 
■jens. 

3. Lamia -ac, f. (Aafita), a town in Thessaly 
(now Zeitu" or Zeituni), 

lamina and lamna -ae, f. (perhaps con- 
nected with latus, broad), a plate or thin piece vj 
metal or marble, etc. I. Lit.,1, aenca, Liv.; 2,n, 
uncoined gold and silver ; ininiicus lnninae, Hor. ; 
b, a plate of iron, heated and used for torture ; 
laminae ardentes, Cic. ; c, the blade of a sword, 
Ov. ; d, the blade of a saw, Verg. II. a nut- 
shell, Ov. 

lampas -padis, arc. -pacta, ace. plur. -pades 
and -padas, f. (Kaunas), a torch. I. Lit., Verg. ; 
a wedding-torch, Ter. ; also used at, the torch- 
race when one runner delivered his torch to 
another; hence, quasi cursores vitae lampada 
tradunt, end the course of tlieir life, Lucr. II. 
Meton., brightness, brilliance; Phoebaca, the light 
of the sun, Verg. 

Lampsacum -i, n. and Lampsacus (os) 

-i, f. (Aa/u.v|/a<co5), a town of ilysia on the north- 
east part of the Hellespont. Hence, adj., Lamp- 
saccnus -a -um, o/or belonging to Lampsacus. 

Lamus -i, in. (Ai^io?), king of the Lae&tryg- 
ones, founder of the town Formiae; urbs Land 
Formiac, Ov. 

lamyrus -i, m. (Aa/ii'pos), an unknown sea- 
jish, Ov. 

lana -ae, f. (Ai^o?, Doric Aai>os), wool. I. Of 
animals, l f a, lit., lanam ducere, Ov., trah- 
ere, to spin, Juv. ; lanam sufficere medica- 
mentis quibusdam, Cic. ; b, meton., wool-spin- 
ning : lanaededita, Liv. ; 2, woolly hair ; prov., 
rixaride lana eapriua, to quarrel about -nothing, 
Hor. II. the down on leaves, fruit, etc., Verg. 

lanarius -a -uni (lana), of ov relating to wool, 
woollen, Pliu. 

lanatUS -a -um (lana), wool-bearing, woolly ; 
1, lit., capras lanatas quibusdam factas (esse), 
Liv. ; subst., lanatae -arum, f. sheep, Juv. ; 2, 
downy, covered with down, Pliu. 

lancea -ae, f. a light spear or lance, with a 
leathern thong attached to it, Lucr. 

lancino, 1. to tear to pieces, mangle, rend in 
pieces; 1, lit., Plin.; 2, transf., paterna bona, 
to squander, Cat. 

laneus -a -um (lana), made of wool, woollen; 

1, lit., pallium, Cic. ; 2, soft as wool, Cat. 

Langobardi -orum, m. a people in north 
Germany, on the west side of the Elbe. 

languefacio, 3. (languco and facio), to make 
languid or faint, Cic. 

langueo -gui, 2. to be faint, weak, languid. 
I. Physically, quuinde via languercm, weary with 
the journey, Cic; partic, langueus, weak, faint, 
languid; vox, Cic. II. Transf., to be languid, 
inert, inactive; otio, in otio, Cic; languent 
vires, Cic ; partic, langueus, inactive, inert; 
langucns labensque populus, Cic. 

languesco, langui, 3. (langueo), to become 
faint, weak, languid, to languish. I. Lit., 1, cor- 
pora, Cic. ; sencctute, Cic ; Bacchus languescit 
in amphora, becomes milder, Hor. ; 2, to become 
walkthrough illness ; nee mea consueto lauguesc- 
ent corpora lecto, Ov. II. to beeome languid, 
inactive, listless, Cic. 

languide, adv. (languidus), f a i n Uy t j an . 
gu idly, feebly ; negant ab ullo philosopho quidi 
quain dictum esse languidius, Cic 



l&n 



309 



Lar 



languidiilus -a -urn, (dim. of langnidus), 
somewhat faint, languid, limp, Cic. 

languidus -a -nm (langueo), faint, weak, lan- 
guid, dull. I. Physically,!, gen., a, of persons, 
vino Vigiliisquc langnidus, Cic. ; b, of things, 
Ventus, gentle, Ov. ; aqua, irith gentle current, 
Liv. ; 2, esp., of wine stored np, mild, mellow, 
Hor. II. Of activity, sluggish, inactive; a, 
l>ass., senectus non modo languida et iners non 
est, Cic; studiuin, Cic; b, act., languidae vol- 
uptates, enervating, Cic. 

languor -5ris, m. (langueo), faintness, lan- 
guor, weariness, feebleness. I. Physical, 1, cor- 
poris, Cic ; 2, languor, weakness arising from 
ill-health, ill-health ; aquosus, dropsy, Hor. II. 
listlessness. inactivity, idleness, sluggishness; se 
languori dedere, Cic. ; languorem alicni afferre, 
Cic 

laniatus -us, m. (lanio), a mangling, tearing 
in pieces; with subj. genit., ferarum, Cic ; fig., 
s.i recludantur tyrannoruin mentes posse aspici 
laniatus et ictus, Tac. 

lanicium, v. lanitiutn. 

laniena -ae, f. (lanius), a butcher's shop, 
shambles, Liv 

lanif Icus -a -nm (lana and facio), working 
in wool, spinning or weaving wool ; ars, Ov. ; 
sorores, the Parcae, Mart. 

laniger -gera-ggrum (lana and gero), wool- 
bearing. I. Adj., bidens, Verg. ; poet., apices, 
woollen, Verg. II. Subst., laniger -gSri, m. 
a ram, Ov. 

linlo, 1. to tear or cut to pieces, mangle, lacer- 
ate ; hominem, Cic. ; aliquem bestiis, Liv. ; crin- 
em manibns, Ov. ; transf., et tua sacrilegae 
laniarunt carmina linguae, Ov. 

lanista -ae, m., 1, a trainer of gladiators, 
Cic. ; 2, an instigator, inciter, Cic, Liv. 

lanitium -ii, n. (lana), wool, Verg. 

lanius -ii, m. (lanio), a butcher, Liv.; transf., 
« hangman, executioner, Plaut. 

lanterna (laterna) -ae, f. (conn, with 
XdixTTto, Kaunas), a lantern, lamp, Cic. 

lanternarius -ii, in. (lanterna), a lantern- 
bearer; Catilinae, Cic. 

lanugo -inis, f. (lana), the down of plants, 
Plin. ; the first soft down of the beard; flaventem 
prima lanugine malas, Verg. 

Lanuvlum -Ii, n. a fowii in Latium, forty- 
eight miles south-east of Rome. Hence, adj., 
Lanuvinus -a -urn, belonging to Lanuvium; 
subst., Lanuvinum -i, n. an estate near Lanu- 
vium, Cic. 

lanx, lancis, f., 1, a plate, platter, a large flat 
dish, Cic. ; 2, the scale of a balance, Cic. 

Laocoon -ontis, m. (Aao«<W), a priest of 
Neptune in Troy, who with his two sons was de- 
voured by serpents. 

I La6dn.mla -ae, f. (AaoSa'neia), daughter of 
Acastus and wife of Protesilaus, on whose death 
she slew herself. 

Laddicea -ae, f. (AaoSi'iceia), name of several 
towns : 1, a town in Phrygia Major, now Eski- 
Jiissar ; 2, a town inSeltucis in Syria, now Lddi- 
kiyeh. Hence, adj., Laodicensis -e, Laodicean. 

Laomedon -ontis, m. (Aaojie'Su>i>), a king of 
Troy, father of Priam ; hence, 1, adj., Laome- 
donteus -a -nm, Ixiomcdontean, poet. = Trojan, 
Verg. ; 2, Laomedontius -a -urn, Laomedon- 
tian; 3, subst., Laomodontiades -ae, m. a 
male descendant of iMomedon (Priam), Verg. ; 
plur., Laomedontiadae, the Trojans, Verg. 

lapathum -i, n. and lap a thus -i, f. 

{KdvuBov), sorrel, Hor. 



lapicidinae -arum, f. (lapis and caedo), the 
stone quarries as a place of punishment. Cic 

lapidarius -a -urn (lapis), of or relating to 
stone, Plant. 

l&pldatlo -fmis, f. (lapis), a throwing of 
stones ; facta est lapidatio, Cic. 

lapidator -oris, m. (lapido), a thrower of 
stones, Cic. 

lapideus -a -um (kp>9)i made of stone, etone; 
murus, Liv. ; imber, o shower of stones, Cic. 

lapido, 1. (lapis), 1, to throw stones at, Suet. ; 
2, impers., lapidat, it rains stones; Veiia do 
caelo lapidaverat, Liv. ■-; 

lapidosus -a -um (lap's). 1, full of stones, 
stony ; monteB, Ov. ; 2, as hard as stone ; panis, 
Hor. 

lapillus -i. m. (dim. of lapis), a little stone, 
pebble. I. lapilli crepitantes, Ov. ; white stones 
were used to mark lucky,- and black stones un- 
lucky days, hence, dies signanda melioribus 
lapillis. Mart. II. 1, a precious stone, gem ; 
nivei viridesque lapilli.penrte and emeralds, Hor. ; 
2, a pebble used at trials (a white one for ac- 
quittal, a black one for condemnation) ; lapilli 
nivei atrique, Ov. 

lapis -Idis, m.(Aaas), a stone. I. Gen., often 
collective, bibulus, pumice-stone, Verg. ;.ardens, 
a meteoric stone, Liv. ; aliquem lapidibus pro- 
sequi, Cic. ; lapidibus aliquem cooperire, or 
obruere, Cic. ; lapidibus pluit, it rains stones 
from the sky, Liv. ; lupide candidiore diem not- 
are, to mark a day as lucky (cf. lapillus I.), Cat. 
II. Esp. 1, a boundary-stone, Liv. ; 2, a grave- 
stone, Prop. ; 3. apreciousstone, jewel, esp. , apearl, 
Hor. ; 4, marble ; Parius, Verg. ; albus, a table 
of white marble, Hor. ; 5 f a piece of mosaic, Hor. ; 

6, a mile-stone; intra vicesimum lapidem, Liv.; 

7, the stone, or platform of stone on v-hich the 
praeco stood at the slave-auctions ; duos de lapide 
emptos tribunos, Cic. ; 8, Juppiter lapis, a 
stone held in the hand as a symbol of Jupiter, and 
sworn by; Jovem lapidem jurare, Cic. 

Lapltb.es -ae, m., plur., Lapithae (Aajri'Sai), 
the Lapithae, myth., a savage mountain race, 
living near Olympus and Pelion in Thessaly, 
famous for their fight with the Centaurs at the 
wedding of Pirithous. Hence, ndj., 1, Lapi- 
thaeus -a -um ; 2, Lapitheius -a -um, of 
or belonging to the Lapithae. 

lappa -ae, f. a bur, Verg. 

lapsio -onis, f. (1 . labor), a gliding, an in- 
clination, tendency towards, Cic. 

lapsu, " (intens. of 1. laborX to totter; 
Priainus lapsans, Verg. 

lapsus -us, m. (1. labor). L a gradual mo- 
tion, gliding, sliding, Verg. ; the flowing of water ; 
si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo in mare pro- 
fluxisset, Cic; the flight of birds; volucrum 
lapsus atque cantus, Cic. ; the gliding of a 
syiake, Verg. II. a falling, fall; 1, lapsus terra«, 
Cic; 2, a moral fall, fault, error; quum Bint 
populares multi variique lapsus, Cic. 

liqueur -arisandlaqueare -is, n.(laqueus), 
n. a panel in a ceiling, panelled ceiling; gen. 
plur., laqnearia tecti, Verg. 

laqueo, 1. (laquens), to adorn with a panelled 
ceiling ; only inpartic. perf., laqueatus, laqueata 
tecta, Cic. 

laqueus -i, m. a noose, snare, trap ; 1, lit., 
oollum inserere in Inqucuin, Cic. ; laqueo gulnm 
frnngere, Sail., or prcmcre, Hor.; 2, transf., a 
snare, noose; alicui laqueos poncrc, to lay si: res 
for, Ov, ; in laqueos cadere, Ov. ; laquei legum, 
interrogationum, Cic. 

1. Lar or Lars, Lartis, m. an Etruscan title 



Lar 



310 



lat 



signifying lord, found as a praenonien ; . Lars 
Tolunmius, Cic ; Lars Porseua, Liv. 

2. Lar, Laris, m., usually plur... Lares -uin 
and (more rarely) -"mm, tutelary deities among 
the Romans; Lares praestites, Ov. ; Lares dom- 
estic, familiares, privati, patrii, domestic deities, 
the gods of the hearth, Ov. ; permarini, deities of 
the sea, Liv. ; rurales, agri eustodes, guardian?. 
of agriculture, Cic; meton., hearth, dwelling, 
home ; ad larein suum reverti, home, Cic 

Lara and Larunda -ae, f. a nymph ktfom 
Jupiter deprived of her tongue because of her 
.loquacity. . • 

Larciua -a -uin, name of a celebrated Roman 
gems, the most celebrated member of which teas the 
first dictator, T. Larcius Flavus, Cic. 

lardum (larldum) -i, n. (connected with 
Xopivo?), the fat of bacon, lard, Ov. 

Larentalia -lum, n. a feast in honour of 
Acca Larentia. 

Larentia, v. Acca., ,- ' 

1. Lares, v. 2. Lar. 

2. Lares, ace. Lares, abl. Lsribus, f. a town 
in Ntimidia, now Larbuss or Lorbus. 

large, adv. (largus), largely, plentifully, 
abundantly ; dare, Cic. ; large'atque lionoriflce 
aliquid promittere, Cic. ; senatus consultuin large 
factum, with weeping provisions, Tac. 

largif icus -a -uin (largus and facio), bounti- 
ful, liberal, Lucr. 

largifluus -a -urn (large and fluo), flowir/j 
u-ith full, stream, Lucr. 

larglloqnns -a -uin (large and loquor), talk- 
ative, Minacious, Plant. 

largior, 4. dep . (largus). I. to give abund- 
antly, bestow liberally, impart; "qui eripinnt 
aliis quod aliis largiantur, Cic; absol., to give 
liberal presents, esp. for the purpose of bribing; 
ex alieno largiendo aliquid parare, by means of 
bribery, Cic II. Transf., to give, Ixstow, grant ; 
populo libertatem, Cic.-; alieul civitntem, Cic; 
patriae suum sanguinem, Cic 

largitas -atis, f. (largus), liberality, bonnti- 
fulness ; terra cum maxima largitate fruges fundit, 
Cic i .•••-- 

larglter, adv. (l ar ? ns ). abundantly, plenti- 
fully, largely; posse, to be powerful, Caes.; de 
judicio largiter esse remissum, Cic. 

largitio -nnis, f. (largiorX a giving freely, 
liberality, spending freely, lavishing; 1, lit., a, 
in cives, Cic ; largitione benevolentiam nlicuius 
consectari, Cic. ; prow, largitio non liabct fund- 
um, giving has no limits, Cic. ; b, giving or 
spending in order to gain the favour of others, 
bribery ; largitionis suspidonem recipere, Cic. ; 
2, granting, bestowing; civitatis, Cic. ; aequitat- 
is, Cic. 

largitor -oris, m. (largior), o liberal giver, 
fjv>uler; pr^cdae erat largitor, Liv.; absol., as 
artrib. = gen'rous, Liv. ; in a bad sense, a briber, 
cic 

largus -a -um. I. abundant, plentiful, 
Humerout, copious; qnum sol terras larga luce 
cnroplevnrlt, Cic ; imbres, Verg. ; with genit., 
rirh iii, abounding in; opnm, Verg. II. liberal 
in giving and spending, bountiful, profuse ; qui 
si largissiinus esse vellet, Cic. ; plur. subst., 
largi, generous persons, Cic ; with abl., largus 
animo, of a generous disposition, Tac ; promissis, 
liberal in promises, Tac. ; with infin., spes don- 
are novas, Hor. 

laridum -i, n. = lardum (q.v.). 
■ Larinum -i, n. town in Lower Italy, now 
Larino. Hence, adj., Larinas -litis, of or 
belonging to larinum. 



Larisa (Larissa) -ae, f. (Adp«ra, Aapio-aa). 

1. town in Pelasgiotis, in Thessaly, now Larissc. 
Hence, a, Larisaeus (Larissaeus) -a -um, 
Larissean —Thessalian, Cic, Verg.; b, Lari- 
senses -lam, m. the inhabitant* of Larisa. II. 
Larisa Cremaste, town in Phthiatis, in Thersaly. 
III. u fortress if A rgos. 

Larius -ii in. name of a hike in north Italy, 
now I.ago di Como. Hence, adj., Larius -a -um, 
of or belonging to Larius. 

larix -icis, f. (Aapi|), the lareh, Plin. 

Lars, r. 1. Lar. 

Larunda, v. Lara. 

larva -ae, f. (2. Lar), 1, a gl.C3i, spxtre, Plaut. ; 

2, a mask, Hor. 

Las, a«c Lan, f. (AS?), a town in Laconia, 
south-west of Gytheum. 

lasanum -i, n." (Aao-avov), a cooking-utensil, 
Hor. 

lascive, adv. (lascivns), lasciviously, wem- 
tonly, Mart. 

lascivia -ae, f. (lascivns), 1, in a good sense, 
playfulness, sport i rev ess, frnlicsomeness ; hilaritas 
et lascivia, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, wantonness, 
licentiousness, lasciviousness, insolence; quos sol- 
uto imperio licentia atque lascivia eorruper.it, 
Sail. ; lasciviam a vobis prohibetote, Liv. 

lasoivibundus -a -um (toscivio), wanton, 
sportive, Plaut. 

lasciviO -ii -itum, 4. (lascivns), to sport, play, 
be sportive, wanton, to be insolent; agmis lascivit 
fuga, Ov. ; plebs lascivit, Liv. 

lasciVUS -a -um, 1, in a good sense, play- 
ful, sportive, frolicsome; puella, Verg. ; seta's, 
Hor. ; 2, in a bad sense, wanton, licentious, las- 
civious, insolent, overbearing; Epicrates, Cic; 
puella, Ov. 

laserpicifer -fSra -ferum, producing the 
plant laserpitium, Cat. 

laserpioium (laserpitium) -ii, n. a plant 
called silphivm, used in medicine and in cooking, 
Plin. 

lassitudo -inis, f. (lassus), weariness] lassi- 
tude, Cic. ; lassitudine exanimari, confici, Caes. 

lasso, 1. (lassus), to make weary, tire, exhaust ; 
corpus, Ov. . 

lassulus -a -um (dim. of lassus), somewhat 
vjcary, rather tired, Cat. 

lassus -a -mil, weary, tired, exhausted, faint, 
languid; a, of persons, itinere atque opere 
castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, Sail. ; 
ab eqno domito, Hor.; with genit!',. maris et 
viarnm, Hor. ; b, applied to inanimate things, 
fractions assiduis lassa humtis, ' Ov. ; lasso 
papavera collo, drooping, Verg. 

late, adv. (latus). I. broadly, widely ; longe 
lateque, far and wide, Cic ; vagari, to wander 
far and wide, Caes. ; populus late rex, Verg. 
II. Transf., 1, nrs late patet, Cic. ; fidei bonnni 
nomeu latissnne manat, Cic ; 2, at length, 
amply, copiously ; fuse lateque dicere de aliqu'a 
re, Cic. 

latebra -ae, f. (lateo). I. a concealment, 
hiding; in quibus non invenio quae latebra 
togatis hominibua esse possit, Cic; lunae, an 
eclipse of the moon, Lucr. II. Concr. A. Lit., 
hiding-yila.ee., lurking-place, covert ; latebrae fera- 
rum, Cic. ; latebra teli, the place where the arrow 
is embedded in the body, Verg. B. Transf., 1, 
hidden place, secret retreat; quum in animis 
hominiun tantae latebrae sint, Cic. ; 2, a sub- 
terfuge pretence, shift; latebra mendacii, Cic. 

latebricola -ae, c (latebra and colo), one 
who dwells in concealment, riant 



lat 



311 



lat 



latebrose, adv. (latcbrosus). secretin, in a 
coiner, Plant. 

latebrosus -a -11111 (latebra), full of hiding 
places, secret, retired; via, Cic; pnniex, jioimin, 
Verg. 

lateiiS -entis, p. adj. (from late"), concealed, 
hidden ; res, Cic. ; rausa, Verg. 

latenter, adv. (lateo), secretly, Cic ■ 

lateo -ttti, 2. (connected with Aaeduru). I. 
to be hid, be concealed; 1, gen., in occulta, 
Cic. ; abdite, Cic. ; latet anguis in herba, Verg. ; 
navis latet portu, Hor. ; latet sub classibus 
acquor, is concealed, coi-ered, Verg. ; portus latet, 
is screened from the winds, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to 
keep out of sight, in order not to appear in a 
court of justice, Cic. ; b, to live in obscurity ; 
bene qui latuit, bene visit, Ov. II. Transf., 1, 
to be concealed; scelus latere inter tot flagitia, 
Cic. ; 2, to be concealed or safe from misfortune ; 
sub umbra ainicitiac Romanae, Liv. ; in tutela 
ac praesidio bellicae virtutis, Cic. ; 3, to be 
•unknown; a, aliae (causae) sunt perspicuae, 
aliae latent, Cic. ; b, res latet aliquem, it is 
concealed from, unknown to, a secret to, Verg. ; 
so res latet alicui, Cic. 

later -teris, m. a, brick, tile, Cic, Caes. 

lateramen -inis, n. (later), <oi earthen vessel, 
Lucr. 

Later-anus -a -11111, family name in the gentes 
Claudia, Sextla, and PUuitia. 

la-terculus -i, iu. (dim. of later), a brick, 
tile, Caes. 

latcrlchis -a -um (later), brick, built of 
hrirk ; luii'is, Caes. 

Laterium -ii, n. an estate of Qu. Cicero at 
Arpinum, Cic. 

laterna, v. lanterna. 

laternarius, v. lanternarius. 

latcsco, Ii. (lateo), to hide oneself, be con- 
cealed, Cic. 

latex -ticis, in. a fluid, liquid ; used of water, 
oecnlti latices, Liv.; securi latices, Verg.; 
frugum laticumque cupido, hunger and thirst, 
Lucr.; also of wine, men", Ov. ; Lyaeus or 
Lenaeus, or simply latex, Verg.; latex absinthii, 
wormwood juice, Lucr. 

Latialis -e, v. Latium. 

Latiaris -e, v. Latium. 

latibulum -i, u. (lateo), a hiding-place, a 
lurking-place. I. Lit., a, of animals, quum 
etiam ferae latibulis.se tegant, Cic. ; b, of men, 
latibula locorum occultorum, Cic. II. Transf., 
latibulum aut perfugium doloris mei, Cic 

laticlavius -a -um, having a broad purple 
stripe (the distinguishing peculiarity of senators, 
equestrian military tribunes, and sons of noble 
families); tribunus, Suet. 

latifundium -ii, n. (latus and fundus), a 
large landed estate, Plin. 

Latine, v. Latium. 

Latinicnsis, v. Latium. 

Latinitas -atis, f. (Lntinus), 1, a pure Latin 
style, Latinity, Cic ; 2, = jus Lath, Latin right, 
a condition intermediate between Roman citizen- 
ship and the condition of aliens, Cic. 

1. Latinus -a -um, v. Latium. 

2. Latinus -i, m., a king of the Lanrentians, 
who received Aeneas hospitably, and gave him his 
daughter in marriage. 

latlO -onis, f. (fero), a bringing. I. auxilii, 
rendering assistance, Liv. II. a, legis, a pro- 
posing, bringing forward, Cic. ; b, sutfragii, 
voting, Liv. 



latrto, 1. (intens. of lateo), to lie hid, be con- 
cealed ; a, cxtrahiturdomo latitans Oppianictis a 
Manlio, Cic ; invisac atque latitante.a res, Caes. ; 
b, esp., to conceal oneself, so as not to appear in 
court, Cic 

latitudo -inis, f. (latus). I. breadth ; a, 
fossae, Caes.; b, extent, great size: possesslohnm, 
Cic. II. (i broad pronunciation ; verbormn, Cic 

Latium -li, n. I. a district of Italy, in 
which Home was situated. II. Meton., 1, the 
Latins; jus Latii (v. Latinitas), Tac. ; 2, ^ju 1 : 
Latii or Lalinitas, Tac Hence, a, Latiua 
-a -um, belonging to Latium, Latin, poet. = 
Homan; forum, Ov. ; b, Latinus -a -um, 
Latin; convertere in Latinum, to translate into 
Latin, Cic. ; feriae Latinae, or simply Latinac, 
the Latin games, Liv.; c,adv., Latine, in Latin; 
Latine loqui, Cic. ; d, Latiniensis -0, Latin; 
e, Latialis -e, Latin ; f, Latiaris -e, Latin ; 
Juppiter, as patron of the Latin league. Hence, 
Latiar -aris, n. a feast of Jupiter Latiaris. 

Latmus -i, m. (.Vcit/uos), a mountain in 
Curia, where Selene, laid Endymion to sleep. 
Hence, adj., Latmius -a -um, Latmia'n. 

Lato -us, f. and Latona -ae, f. (Atjtw), the 
mother of Apollo and Diana, whom she bore Jo 
Jupiter in the Island of Delos ; hence, a, Latd- 
nius-a-um, Latonian, Latonia Virgo or simply 
Latonia, Diana, Verg. ; b, Latomgcna -ae, c, 
(Latona and gigno), offspring of Latona, Ov. ; c, 
Latoius and Letoius -a -um, Latonian; 
proles, Apollo and Diana, Ov. Subst., Latoius 
-ii, in. Apollo, and Latoia -ae, f. Diana, Ov. ; 
d, Latois or Letois -Mis, f., Latonian, 
Ciilaurea, soured to Latona, Ov. ; subst., Diana, 
Ov. ; e, Latous -a -um, Latonian. 

Latobrigi -onun, m. a Gallic people, neigh- 
bours of the Helvetii. 

Latona, etc., v. Lato. 

lator -oris, m. (fero), the proposer of a law'; 
legis Semproniae, Cic. 

Latous, v. Lato. • - 

latrator -oris, m. (1. latro), a- tarfoer;. poet. 
= dog, Verg. ___ . 

lat rat us -us, m. (1. latro), o barking, Verg. 

1. latro, 1. to bark, bay. I. Intransit, 1, 
lit., quod si luce quoqne canes latrent, Cic; 
partic. .subst., latrans, a barker, i.e., a dog, Ov. ; 
2, transf., a, of men, to bark, brawl, rant ; latrare 
ad clepsydra m, Cic. ; b, of inanimate objects, to 
roar; undae latrantes, Verg. ; stomachus, rum- 
bling, Hor. II. Transit., 1, to bark at ; senem, 
Hor.; 2, transf., of men, to shout out; cunina 
verba in foro, Ov. 

2. latro -onis, m. (Aarpis). I. a hired ser- 
vant, a mercenary soldier, Plant. II. Transf., 

a, a robber, freebooter, bandit, brigand; insidiosus 
et plenus latronum locus, Cic. ; b, ft hunter, 
Verg. ; c, ft piece on a draught-board, Ov. 

latrocinium -ii, h. (latrocinor). I. military 
service, Plant. II. 1, robbery, highway rolibtry, 
piracy; a, lit., inciirsioneshostiumetlatroeinia, 

Cic. ; transf., villany, roguery; quid futiirum 
sit latrocinio tribunorum, Cic; b, meton,, a 
Ixtnd of robbers ; nnus ex tanto latrocinio, Cic ; 
2, ft game of draughts, Ov. 

latrocinor, 1. dep. (2. latro). I. to serve as 
ft mercenary soldier, Plant. II. to practise 
robbery, piracy, brigandage, Cic. 

latrunculus -i, m. (dim. of 2. latro), o 
highwayman, freebooter, bandit, Cic. 

1. latus -a -um, partic. of fero. 

2. ldtUS -a-um(orig. st latus = broadened out, 
extended), broad, wide (opp. angustus). I, Lit., 



lat 



'6VA 



lav 



a ( fossa XV. pedes lata, Caes. ; Via, Cic ; in 
latum ercscere, to grow hroad, Ov. ; b, extensive, 
•,n"i/,>, farge; locus, Cic; latissimae solitndines, 
< 'ucs. ; c, of persons, proud, haughty; latws ut in 
circo spatiere, Her. II. Trarisf., a, of pro- 
nunciation, brond ; cuius tn ilia lata noil nmn- 
quam imitaris, Cic. ; b, diffuse, copious, full, 
rich ; oratio, disputatlo, Cic. 

3. latus -Blis, n. the side, flank. I. Of a 
body ; 1, a, of men, lateris dolor, Cic. ; in the 
action of an orator, virili laterum inflexione, 
Cic. ; latus dare, to expose the side to (in boxing), 
Tib. ; njalo latus obdere apertum, Hor. ; ab 
alicuius latere iiuinquatn discedere, Cic. ; arti- 
fices lateris, dancers who make pantomimic 
gestures, Ov. ; b, of animals, cuius (e.qui aenei) 
in lateribus fores essent, Cic; 2, esp., a, the 
side, as the seat of the bodily strength, neque 
enini ex te nobilitatus es sed ex lateribus et 
lacertis tuis, Cic. ; b, meton. — the body ; latus 
fessum longa militia, Hor. II. Of an object, 
side, fiank (opp. frons, tergum); 1, latus eas- 
fcroruin, Caes. ; insula, cuiusunuin latus est contra 
Galliam, Cats. ; prora avertit et undis dat latus, 
Verg.; 2, milit. 1. 1., the flank of an army; 
nostros latere aperto aggressi, Caes. ; a latere, a 
lateribus, on the flank, Caes. 

latusciilurn -i, n. (dim. of 2. latus), a little 
side, Cat. 

laudabi' !s -e (laudo), 1, praiseworthy, laud- 
able ; vita, Cic; orator, Cic; 2, good in its 
kind, excellent ; vinuin, Plin. 

laudabillter, adv. (laudabilis), laudably, in 
a jnaiseworthy manner; vivere, Cic. 

laudaru'us -a -urn, p. adj. (from laudo), 
deserving /raise, lavdabie, Ov. 

laudatio -onis, f. (laudo), praise. I. com- 
mendation ; laudatio tua, Cic. II. 1, in a court 
of justice, a testimony to character; gravissima 
atque ornatissima, Cic. ; 2, a funeral oration or 
jxinegyric ; nonnullae inortuorum landationes, 
Cic. ; 3, a rote of thanks to a provincial governor 
sent to the Roman senate, Cic 

laudativus -a -um (laudo), laudatory, Quint. 

laudator -oris, m. (laudo). I. a praiser; 
temporis acti, Hor. ; pacis semper laudator, Cic. 
II. 1, a witness K'Ao bran favourable testimony 
to character, Cic. ; 2, one who delivers a funeral 
panegyric, Liv. 

laudatrix -icis, f. (laudator), a praiser; 
vitiorum laudatrix lama popularis, Cic. 

laudatUS -a -um, p. adj. (from laudo), praise- 
worthy, esteemed, excellent; vir, Cic; vultus, Ov. 

laudo, 1. (laus), to praise, laud, extol, com- 
mend. I. Lit., A. aliqnem, Cic; landare 
laudibus, Cic; foil, by inlin., exsfinxisse nefas 
laudabnr, Verg. B. Esp., a, to bear favourable 
testimony to any one's character, Cic; b, to 
deliver a funeral panegyric over some one; ali- 
qnem, Cic. ; c, to call happy, consider fortunate; 
agricolam landat juris pcrii'is, Hor. II. Transf., 
to name, mention, cite, quote; aliquein auctorem, 
Cic. 

laurea -ae, f., v. laureus. 

laureatus -a -um (laurea), croumed with 
laurel, laurelled (esp. as a sign of victory), imago, 
Cic; fasces, lictores, Cic; literae, bringing 
tidings of victory , Uv. 

"Luurentum -i, n. town in I.atium, between. 
Ostia and I.aviniuni. Hence, adj., a, Laurens 
-entis, I.aurentine; b, LaureutiiiS -a -um, 
Laureniine. 

laureola -ae, f. (dim. of laurea), a laurel 
brunch, laurel crown, and meton., triumph, Cic; 
prov., laureolam in mustoceo quaerere, to seek 
fmne in trifles, tie. 



Lauretum -i, n. (latiras), a grove bj lavrrlt, 
the name of a f,pnt on the Arentine Hill, Suet, 
laureus -a -um (lanrus), aj or reletting to the 

laurel. I. Adj., corona, Cic II. f>nbst., 
laurea -ae, f. 1, //"■ laurel tree, Liv. ; 2, a, the 
laurel crown or laurel branch, as a sign oj 
victory; decemviri laurea eoronati, Liv.; b, 
meton., triumph, victory; quam lauieam cum 
tua laudatione conferrem, Cic 

lauricomus -a -um (lanrus and coma), 
covered with laurel-trees, Lucr. 

lauriger -g8ra -gSrum (laurns and gcro), 
crowned with laurels, wearing laurels, Ov. 

laurus -i, f. the laurel or ■bay-tree, sacred to 
Ajyollo, with which poets, triumphant general , 
and, on certain occasions, flamens and aiicestml 
busts were, crowned, Cic. ; hence, meton., triumph, 
victory, Cic. (abl., Inuru, Hor. ; now. and ace. 
plnr.,'laurus, Verg.). 

laus, laiulis, f. praifr, fame, glory, com- 
mendation. A. Lit., ad : pisci laudem, Cic; 
canere ad tibiam clarornm virorum laudes, Cic : 
capere (to earn) ex hacuna re maxiinam laudem, 
Cic. ; celebrare alicuius laudes, Cic ; eumulare 
aliqnem omni laude, Cic. ; efferre aliquein laudi- 
bus ad caelum, Cic. ; in laude. vivere, Cic. ; 
alicuius laudes diccre, Verg.; hoc in tua laude 
pono, / consider this praiseworthy in thee, Cic; 
non laudem habet do me, he has nothing to bmist 
of as far as 1 am concerned, Ov. B. Melon., a,». 
praiseworthy action ; hae tantae sumniis in rebus 
laudes, Cic'.; b, plur., laudes = praiseworthy 
qualities; quaruin laudum gloriam adamaris, Cic 

laute, adv. (lautus), 1, splendidly, brilliantly, 
magnificently ; lautius res domestieas tueri, Cic. : 
2, admirably, excellently, thoroughly; hodie me 
einunxeris lautissime, ap. Cic 

lautia -orum, n. (connected with lavo), the 
entertainment given to foreign ambassadors at 
Rome, Liv. 

lautltla -ac, f. (lautus), splendour, elegance, 
magnificence in one's manner of living ; inea nova 
lautitia, Cic 

Lautiilae (LautSlae) -arum, f. a place oj 
the Volscians between Anxur and Fundi. 

lautumiae (latonuae) -arum, f. (Aoto/z- 
t'oi), a stone-quarry, Plant. ; « prison or dungeon 
cut out of rork at. Syracuse and Rome, Cic, Liv. 

lautus -a -nm I p.nd,i.(fromlaYo),lit.,i«w7i«?, 
bathed; and hence, 1, splendid, brilliant, elegant, 
sumptuous; supellex, Cic; 2, illustrious, dis- 
tinguished, grand; homines latlti eturbani, Cic; 
lanta liberalitas, Cic 

lavabrum -i, n. (lavo), a bath, Lucr. 

lavatlO -onis, f. (lavo). I. a washing, bathing, 
Cic II. Meton., 1, bathing apparatus, Phaedr.; 
2, water for bathing, Cic 

Laverna -ae, f. the goddess of gain (just 
or unjust); hence, protectress of thieves and 
cheats; hence, adj., Lavernalis -e, belonging 
to Laverna. 

Lavernlum -ii, n. a place in I.atium, near 
Formine. 

Lavici, etc., v. Labiri. 

Lavlnia -ac, f. daughter of Latinus, wife oj 

Aeneas. 

Lavinium -Ii, n. (I town in I.atium, built by 
Aeneas, and named after his wife I.arinia (now 
Pratica). Hence, adj., Lavlmus -a -um, and 
Lavinus -a -um, Lavinian. 

lavo, lavi, lautum, partic lautus and lotus, 
laverc and lavatnm and lavatums, l&vare 
(Aomu), to wash, bathe. I. Gen., 1, a, transit., 
mantis, Cic. ; b, intransit. lavare and pass. 
Livari, tt vash oneself, bathe; cur te lantnni 



lax 



313 



leg 



voluit, cenatum noluit occidere, Cie. ; 2, to 
moisten, wet, bathe; vultum lacrimis, Ov. II. 
to vjashaway; mala vino, to drive away, Hot. 

laxamentum -i, n. (laxo), a widening, 
extending; 1, lit., gen.; 2, transf., a relaxing, 
mitigation, alleviation, respite; si quid laxainenti 
a be'llo Samnitiuin esset, Liv. ; laxamentum dare 
legi, to release, Cic. 

laxe, adv. (laxus). I. widely, spaciously, at 
wide intervals; 1, lit., habitare, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
of time, laxius proferre diem, to put farther off, 
Cie. II. loosely; 1, lit., aliquein vineire, Liv. ; 
2, transf., loosely, without restraint ; vivere, Liv. 

laxitas -atis, f. (laxus), ivideness, roomi- 
ness; in domo clari hominis adliibenda cuia est 
laxitatis, Cic. 

laxo, 1. (laxus). I. to widen, extend, enlarge; 
forum, Cic. ; manipulos, to extend, leave a space 
between, Caes. II. to unloose, unfasten, slacken, 
relax; 1, vincnla epistolae, Nep. ; claustra, 
Verg. ; 2, to set free from ; datum pedem ab 
stricto nodo, Liv. ; 3, a, to unbend, relax, 
refresh, amuse; animos curamque, Cic; quum 
laxati curis suinus, free from, Cic. ; b, to 
■mitigate, relax, remit; aliquid laboris, Liv.; 
aimoiiain, to lower the price of, Liv. ; intransit., 
annona baud multuiu laxaverat, fallen in price, 
Liv. ; ubi laxatam pugnam vidit, Liv. 

laxus -a -iiiii. I. wide, spacious; 1, lit, 
annuhis, Ov. ; spatium, Liv. ; 2, transf., of 
time, diem statuo satis laxum, sufficiently dist- 
ant, Cic. II. loose, lax, relaxed; 1, lit., arcus, 
Verg. ; liabenac, Verg. ; funis, Hot. ; male laxus 
in pede calecus liaeret, Hor. ; janua, open, Ov. ; 
tig., laxissinias liabenas liabcrc amicitiae, Cic. ; 
2, transf., annnna laxior, a lower price of pro- 
visions, Liv.; inilifxs laxiore iniperio habere, 
Ball. 

lea -ae, f. (lei>), U lioness, Ov. 
lcaena -ac, f. (\iaivo), u lioness, Cic. 
Leander and Leandrus -i, in. (Ati'euSpos), 
a youth of Abydos who swam nightly across the 
Hellespont to visit Hero at Scstos, till he was 
drowned in a storm. 

Learchus -i, m. (Atap\os), the son ofAthamas 
and Iuo, killed l>y his father in a Jit of madness. 

Hence, Lcarchcus -a -uin, of or belonging to 

Lcurohus. 

Lcbadia -ac, f. (\tf)d8tia), a tuwn in lioeolia, 
famous fur the Oracle and Grotto of Trophouius 

(now Livadiu), Cic. 

Lebedos (-US) -i, f. (At'/SeSos), a town in 

Ionia. 
lebes -Otis, m. (.\e'/3>js), 1, a bronze kettle or 

cauldron, often given as a prize in games, Verg.; 

2, a metal vessel usedfor washing the hands, Ov. 
Lechaeum -i, n. (Acwuoi'), the port of 

Corinth on the Corinthian Uulf. 
lectica -ae, f. (lectus), a palanquin or litter ; 

lectica oetophoro fepri, a litter borne by eight 

slaves, Cic. ; cubare in lectica, Cic. 
lecticarius -ii, m. (lectica), a litter-bearer, 

porter, chairman, Cic. 
leoticula -ae, f. (dim. of lectica), a small 

Utter ; 1, gen., lecticula in curiam deferri, Cic. ; 

2, a bier, Nep. 
lectio -onis, f. (2. lego). I. n picking out, 

selecting; judieum, Cie. II. A. a reading, 

perusal; librorum, Cic; lectio sine ulla delect- 

afione, Cic. B. lectio senatus, a reading out or 

calling over of the names of the senators (by the 

censor, who at the same time struck from the 

list the names of those he considered unworthy). 

Liv. 
Jfic^Rter^Tun! -lb n. (lectuq and sferno), a 



feast offered to the gods, in which their images 
were placed on couches in the streets, and food put 
before them, Liv. 

lectito, 1. (intens. of 2. lego), to read often, 
to read with- eagerness and attention ; Platonem 
stndiose, Cic. 

lcctiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of lectio), a short 
reading, Cic. 

Lecton and Lectum -i, n. (Acktoc), a pro- 
montory in Mysia. 

lector -oris, m. (2. lego), 1, a reader of a 
book ; aptus ad delcctationem lectoris, Cic. ; 2, 
a person who reads aloud, Cic. 

lectulus -i, in. (dim. of lectus), a small bed, 
a bed, couch. I. Tor sleeping, in lectulis suis 
mod, Cic. II. a couch for resting on ; a, for 
reading, Cic. ; b, for dining, stravit pelliculis 
haediuis lectulos Punicanos, Cic. ; c, a funeral 
bed, bed of state, Tac. 

1. lectus -a -mil, p. adj. (from 2. lego), 1, 
chosen, selected ; verba, Cic. ; 2, transf., choice, 
e.wcMe/i«;adulescens, Cic. ; femina lectior, Cic; 
femina lectissima, Cic. 

2. lectUS -i, in. (2. lego), a bed, couch. I. For 
sleeping, a bed ; 1, gen., cubicularis, Cic. ; lecto 
tencri, to lxep one's bed, Cic. ; 2, the marriage- 
bed; genialis, Cic. II. a couch for resting on ; 
1, a dining-couch, Cic. ; 2, a funeral couch, Tib. 

Leda -ae, f. and Ledb -5s, f. (A>)5i)), the 
wife of Tyndarus, who bore to Zeus Pollux and 
Helena, Castor and Clytemncstra. Hence, adj., 
LedaeUS -a -um, of or belonging to Leda ; dei, 
Castor and Pollux, Ov.; poet = Spartan; Helena, 
Verg. 
legatarius -ii, m. (legatum), u legatee, Suet, 
legatio -onis, f. (1. lego). I, the sending if 
an embassy; 1, the office of an ambassador, em- 
bassy, legation ; lcgationein suscipere, to under- 
take, Caes. ; obire, Cic ; libera legatio, permis- 
sion given toa senator to travel with the privileges, 
yet without the duties, of an ambassador, Cic; 
votiva, a libera legatio, which had for its object 
the fulfilment of a row, Cic; 2, mo ton., a, the 
message or answer of an ambassador ; lcgationein 
renuntiarc, Cic. ; or relerrc, Liv. ; b, the persons 
attached to an embassy; legatio Roman) venil, 
Cic. II. the office of legutus (with a general or 
provincial governor); legationem obire, Cic. 

legator -Oris, in. (1. lego), a testator, one who 
leaves something by will, Suet. 

legatdrius -a -um (legatus), relating to an 
ambassador or legatus; provincia, Cic. 

legatum -i, n. (1. lego), a legacy, bequest; 
sulutio legati, Cic. 

legatus -i, m. (1. lego). I. an ambassador; 
legatos mittcrc, Cic. II. a legate ; a, a lieu- 
tenant, adjutant, second in command to o, general, 
Caes. ; b, the chief officer of the governor of a pro- 
vince; legatum sibi legare, Cic; o, in imperial 
times, the general or governor sent by the emperor 
to take command of a province, Tac. 

legifer -fera -fSrum (lex and fero), law-giving; 
Minos, Ov. 

legio -Onis, f. (2. lego), a. legion, a division 
of the Roman army, consisting of ten cohorts of 
infantry, with an auxiliary force o/300 cavalry, 
altogether between 4,200 and 0,000 men, Cic. ; dims 
legiones ibi conscribere, Caes. ; trans!'., a, of the 
troops of other nations, Liv. ; b, an army, Verg. 
leglonarlus -a -um (legio), belonging or re- 
lating toa legion; milites, Caes.; plur. subst., 
legionarii -orum, m. legionary troops, Liv. 

legitime, adv.(lcgitimus), 1, lawfully, legally, 
Cic. ; 2, rightly, properly Tac, 



•leg 



314 



Len 



legltinius -a -urn flex). I. lawful, legal, 
legitimate; dies comitiis habeudis, Cic. ; con- 
troversiae, legal, decided by law, Cic. Subst., 
legitima -drum, n. legal usages, Ncp. IT. 
Transf., right, Jit, proper, just, appropriate ; 
Humerus, Cic. ; poems, Hor. 

legiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of legio), a small 
legion, Liv. 

1. lego, I. (lex). I. A. to send an ambas- 
sivlor ; aliquem, Cic. B. to appoint as legate or 
second in command; aliquem Cacsari, Cic; ali- 
quem sibi, Cic. II. to bequeath, leave as a legacy; 
aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave a legacy to be 
paw to the legatee by the heir, 'Cic. ; alicui pec- 
uiiiam, Cic. 

2. lego, legi, lectum, 3.(A.<?yw), to collect, gather 
together, to pick. I. Lit,, 1, mice*, Cic. ; spolia 
caesorum, Liv. ; mala ex arbore, Verg. ; legere 
ossa, to collect the bones after a body has been 
burned; Cic. ; 2, a, Ilia, of the Parcae, to wind 
vp, spin, Verg. ; vela, to furl the sails, Verg.; b, 
to steal ; sacra divum, Hor. ; 3, a, to ;xws or 
■wander through a place; saltus legit, Ov.; ves- 
tigia alicuius, tofollow or trace the footsteps of any 
one, Verg.; tortos orbes, to wander through, Verg.; 
of ships, to coast along ; oram Italiae, Liv. ; b, 
to choose, select, pick out; judices, Cic. ; viros ad 
bclla, Ov.; aliquem in seiiatuin, Cic. II. Transf., 
1, to catch sight of, look at, regard; oumes ad- 
versos, Verg. ; 2, a, to read, peruse; eos llbros, 
Cic. ; apud Clitomachum, in the works of Clito- 
machus, Cic. ; partic. subst, legens -cutis, m. 
a reader, Ov. ; b, to read aloud, recite ; volunien 
suuin, Cic. ; hence, senatum legere, to call over 
the senate, to go over the list of senators with a view 
to erase the names of the unworthy, Liv. 

legulejus -i, in. (lex), a pettifogging lawyer, 
Cic. 

Icgunien -Inis, n. (lego), pulse, or any leg- 
uminous plant, Cic. ; esp., the bean, Verg. 

LelegOS -Uin, m. (Ae'Aeyes), a people, scattered, 
in different places over Greece and Asia Minor. 
Hence, a, Lelcgeis -Wis, f. Lelegean; b, 
Lelegelus -a -um, Lelegean ; litora, coasts of 
Megaru, Ov. ; moenia, Megara, Ov. 

Lemannus (Lemanus) -i, m. (with or 
without lacus), a lake in the covntiy of the 
Helvetii, now the Lake of Geneva. 

lembus -i, m, (Ae'/i/3os), a small, swift vessel, 
cutter, felucca, Liv. 

Lemmcola -ac, c. (LemmiR and cole'), an 
inhabitant of Lemnos (of Vulcan); Lemuicolae 

stirps, i.e., Krichthonius, Ov. 

lomniscatus -a -um (lemniscus), attorned 
with ribbons ; palma, a palm-branch ornamented 
with ribbons, the reward of a victor, Cic. 

lemniscus -i, iii.(AT)/ii'icr*o?), a fillet, or rib- 
bon given in token of honour, usually affixed to 
a crown, palm-brauch, etc., Liv. 

Lemnos (-us) -i, f. (Aw<>0, the island of 
Lemnos in the Aegean Sea, the abode of Vulcan. 
Hence, a, adj., Lomnius -a -um, Lemnian; 
Lemnius pater, Verg., and subst., Lcuinius, 
Vulcan, Ov. ; furtuin, that of Prometheus, who 
stole fire from. Vulcan at Lemnos, Cic. ; b, Lera- 
nias -adis, f. a Lemnian woman, Ov. ; Greek 
dat. plur., Leiuniasi, Ov. 

Lemonia tribus, a Roman country tribe on 
the via Ixxtinn.. 

Lemovices -um, m. a Celtic people in the 
modem Limousin. 

lemiires -um, in. the shules or spirits of the 
dead, ghosts, spectres, Hor. Hence, Lemuria 
•drum, ii. a. festival held, to appease departed 
spirits, on, the ninth of May, Ov. 



lena -ae, f. fleuo), 1, a procuress, bawd, Ov. ; 
2, she that entices ; natura quasi sui lena, en- 
ticing persons to her, Cic. 

Lenieus -a -uin (Arji'aios), Bacchic; laticcs, 
wine, Verg. ; Lenaeus pater, or simply Lenacus, 
Bacchus, Verg. 

lenc, adv. (lenis) =leniter, gently, softly; leue 
sonantis aquae, Ov. 

lonimen -Inis, n. flenio), a means uj idlevia. 
lion, mitigation, assuaging; testudo laoonun 
dulec lenimcn, Hor. 

lenimentum -i, n. (lenio), a mitigation, 
alleviation, Tac. 

lento -ivi and -ii, -ituin, 4. (lenis), to make 
■mild, alleviate, mitigate, assuage, soothe, relieve. 
I. Lit., stomacliuin latrantem, Hor. ; vulnera, 
Frop. II. Transf., se cousolatione, Cic; ali- 
quem Latum, Cic. ; desiderium crebris epistolis, 
Cic (imperf., lenibat, lenibant, Verg.). 

lenis -e, smooth, soft, mild, gentle. I. Lit., 
sensus judicat lene asperuni, Cic ; venenum, 
slight, Cic; viiiuin, mellow, Hor.; ventus len- 
issimns, Cic; clivus, rising gradually, Liv. ; 
stagnum, flowing gently, Liv. II. Transf., A. 
Fopulus Roman us in hostes lenissimus, Cic ; 
leniorem sententiam dicerc, Caes. B. Of dis- 
course, mild, calm; oratio placida, subiuissa, 
lenis, Cic. 

lenitas -litis, f. (lenis), gentleness, softness, 
mildness. I. Lit,, vocis, Cic; Aiar in Rhodanum 
influit incredibili lenitate, slowness, gentleness, 
Caes. II. Transf., A. gentleness, lenity; animi, 
Cic; legum, Cic. B. Of discourse, mildness, 
calmness; vcrborum, Cic. 

lenlter, adv. (lenis), sofihj, gently, gradually, 
mildly, qu ietly. I. Lit. , arriderc, Cic. ; iter facerc, 
slowly, Caes. ; collis leuiter editus, or acclivis, 
rising gradually, Caes. II. Transf., A. gently, 
mildly; alloqui, in a friendly manner, Liv. B. 
Of discourse, dicere, Cic. 

lenitudo -inis, f. (lenis), gentleness, mildness ; 
in aliquem, Cic 

leno -dnis, m. flenio), aprocurcr, pander, ol- 
hirer, seducer, Cic. 

lenocinium -Ti, n. (leno). I. the trade o/ 
a procurer or bawd, Cic II. Transf., 1, an en- 
ticement, allurement, Cic; 2, finery in dress; 
Cic. ; 3, of discourse, meretricious ornament, 
Tac. 

lenocinor, l. dep. (leno), to pursue the truth 
of a procurer; hence, transf., 1, to flatter basely. 
he meanly subservient to; alicui, Cic ; 2, to ad- 

vance, promote, increase; feritati arte, Tac 

lenonius -a -um (leno), relating or belonging 
to a procurer, riant. 
lens, lent is, f. a lentil, Verg. 

lentc, adv. (lentus), 1, slowly; procedilur, 

Caes. ; curritur, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, without ani- 
mation, calmly, coolly, patiently; aliquid ferre, 
Cic. ; respondere, quietly, phlegmatically, Cic ; 

b, deliberately ; lente ac fastidiose probare, Cic 

lentesco, ?>. (lenteo), 1, to become pliant, soft, 
sticky ; tellus picis iiimorem ad digitos lentescit 
habendo, Verg.; 2, to slacken, relax, flag ; leiit- 
eacuiit tempore curae, Ov. 

lentiscifcr -fSra-ferum (lentiscus and fero), 
producing the maslich-tree, Ov. 

lentiscus i, f., and lentiscum -i, n. the 
mastich-tree (Pistacia lentiscus, Linn.), Cic 

lcntltudo -inis, f. (lent us), 1, slowness, slug- 
gishness, Tac. ; 2, insensibility, apathy, Cic 

lento, 1. (lentus), to make flexible, to bend; 
lentandus renins in uuda, must be plied, Verg, 

IjCntuljtas-utis, !'., v. Lcnlubljs, 



len 



315 



Leu 



1. lontulus-a -um (dim. of lentus), somewhat 
slow (in paijiwj), Cic. 

i!. Lentulus-i, in. thename of one of the fami- 
lies of the patrician gens Cornelia, the most 
famous of the members Of which were : 1, P. Cor- 
nelius Lentulus Sura, a fellow-conspirator with 
Catiline; 2, P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, 
who proposed the recall of Cicero from exile. 
Hence, Lentuiitas -aids, f. the family pride of 
the Lcntuli (a word coined in jest by Cic). 

lentus -a -urn, tough. I. 1, gen., radix, 
Verg, ; 2, a, pliant, flexible; brachia, Hor. ; 
lentior salieis ramis, Ov. ; b, sticky, clammy, 
tenacious; gluten pice leutius, Cic; 3, fig., 
lentus abeato, remain long away, Ov. II. Transf., 
1, slow, motionless, inactive; murmur (of the 
sea), unruffled, Verg. ; lento igue, Ov. ; pugna 
lenta, Liv. ; lentiorem facere spein, Ov. ; 2, 
a, drawling ; in dieendo, Cic. ; b, lingering; 
infitiator, a bad payer, Cic. ; c, of character, 
sluggish, apathetic, phlegmatic, insensible; judex, 
Cic. ; nihil illolentius, Cic; lentissima pectora, 
Ov. 

lenunciilus -i, m. (for lembunculus, dim. 
of lembus), a small boat, or skiff, Cacs. 

1. leo -dnis, m. (AeW), a lion ; 1, lit., vis 
leonis, Cic. ; 2, transf., the constellation Leo, Hor. 

2. *leo -ere, to blot out; the root of deleo, 
letum, etc 

Leocorion -ii, n. (AeaKopiov), temple at 
Athens to the three daughters ofLeus, who sacrificed 
their lives for their country. 

Leon -otitis, m. (AeW), a 'place in Sicily not 
far from Syracuse. 

Lconidas -ae, in. (Aewia'Sas), Icing of Sparta, 
Killed uttlte defence of the pass of Thermopylae. 

leomnus -a -um(leo), of or relating to a lion, 
leonine, Plant. 

Leonnatus -i, m. (AeoiWros), a general of 
Alexander the Great. 

Leontini -orum, m. (Xtovrivoi), a town on 
the cast coast of Sicily. Hence, adj., Leontinus 
-a -urn, Leontine. 

Leontium -ii, f. (Aeoi>tu»>), an Athenian 
hclaira, friend of Epicurus. 

lepide, adv. (lepidus). I. pleasantly, agree- 
ably, charmingly, capitally, prettily ; lepidissiine, 
excellently, Plant. II. Of style, smartly, wittily, 

1. lepidus -a -inn, 1, pleasant, charming, 
agreeable, elegant, neat, pretty, Tor., Plant. ; in a 
bad sense, nice, effeminute; hi pueri (am lepidi 

ao delieati, Cic.; 2, esp. of discourse, witty, 
humorous ; dietuni, Hor. 

'-'. Lepidus -i, m. the name of a family of 
the patrician, gens Acmilia, the mod famous mem- 
bers of which were: 1, M. Aeiuilius Lepidus, 
proctor ai Sicily, consul B.C. 7'J, the bitter enemi/ 
of Sulla, whose measures he proposed toauuul, and 
thereby brought about a civil war ; 2, M. Aemilius 
Lepidus, Triumvir ivithAntonius and Octavianus 

B.C. 43. ' 

Lopontii -orum, m. nit Alpine people in Cis- 
alptne Gaul (in modern Val Levcntina). 

lepor and lepos -oris, m. 1, pleasantness, 
ogrecahleness, charm, Cic ; 2, of discourse 
pleasantry, wit, humour; sounilis, Cic. 

lepos -Oris = lepor (q.v.). 

Loptis -ptis, f. (AtVns), Leptis, the name of 
two cities on the coast of Africa : 1, Magna, now 
Libida; 2, Minor, between Hadruiuetuni and 
Thapsns. Hence, Leptltani -Orum, m. the 
inhabitants of Lcptis. 

lepus -oris, in. and c (akin to Xayiis), 1, a 
hare, Verg.; proy , aliis leporum iigiUirc, ta 



labour for another's advantage, Ov. ; 2, the con- 
stellation Lepus, Cic. 

lepusciilus -i, m. (dim. of lepus), a little 
hare, Cic 

Lerna -ac, f. and Lome -es, f. (hipvrj), a 

marsh in Argolis, inhabited by the Lemaean 
Hydra slain by Hercules; belua Lernae, Verg. ; 
hence, adj., Lemaeus -a -um, Leruaean. 
^ Lesbos -i, f. (AeV/9os), an island in the Aegean 
Sea, birthplace of Pittaeus, Alcaeus, Theophrastus, 
Arion, and Sappho, famous for its wine. Hence, 
adj., a, Lesbiacus -a-um, Lesbian; libri (dia- 
logues of LJicaearchus), Cic; b, Lesbiaa -adis, 
f. Lesbian; subst., a Lesbian 'woman, Ov. ; c, 
LesblS -id is, f. Lesbian; lyra, of Avion, Ov. ; 
Lesbisjmella, or simply Lesbis, Sappho, Ov. ; d, 
Lesbi'us-a-mn, Lesbian; civis, Alcaeus, Hor. ; 
plectrum, lyric, Hor. ; pes, lyric poetry, Hor. ; 
vates, Sappho, Ov. ; subst., Lesbiura -Ii, u. 
Lesbian wine, Hor.; e, Lesbous -a -um, 
Lesbian. 

lessus, ace -um (found only in ace sing), 
m. a mournful cry, lamentation for the dead 
ap. Cic. 

letalis -e (letum), deadly, mortal, fatal; 
arundo, Verg. 

lethargicus -a -um (\r)0apyu<6s), drowsy, 
lethargic. Subst., letharglCUS -i, in. a drowsy, 
lethargic person, Hor. 

lethargUS -i, m. (Aijtfapyos), drowsiness, 
lethargy, Hor. 

Lethe -es, f. (ArjOr)), a river in the infernal 
regions, the drinking of the waters of whicli pro- 
duced complete forgetfulness of the past. Hence, 
adj., Lethaeus -a -um, 1, relating to Lethe or 
the infernal regions generally; Lothaea vincula 
abrumpere alicui, to restore to life, Hor. ; 2, 
causing forgetfulness ; soninus, Verg. ; sucus, Ov! 

lcthum, v. letum. 

letifer -fera -fcrum (letum and fero), death- 
bringing, deadly, fatal, mortal; arous, Verg.; 
locus, a place on the body where a wound is fatal, 

leto, 1. (letum), to kill, slay, Ov. 

Letois, Letoius = Latois, Latoius (v. 
under Lato). 

letum -i, n. (*leo, whence deleo), 1, death; 
turpi leto perire, Cic. ; letum aibi parere nmnu, 
to commit suicide, Verg. ; leto adimcrc aliquem, 
to .-.ore from death, Hor.; 2, transf., of things, 
poet., ruin, annihilation; Tcucruiu res cripe 
leto, Verg. 

Leucadia -ae, f. (AtuxaSi'a), and Leucas 
-adis, f. (Afi/Koif), an island of the Ionian Sea, 
with a temple to Apollo (now S. Maura). Hence, 
adj., LcucadlUS -a -inn, Lcucadian ; dens, 
Apollo, Ov. ; more Leueadio (iu allusion lotho 
Leueadian custom of throwing a man every year 
from a rock into the sea), Ov. ; subst., Leuca- 
dia -ae, f. name of a play of Turpilius, Cic; 
Leucadli -orum, m. the Leucadians, Liv. 

Leucas -iidis, f. (AevKat), 1, the island of 
Leucadia or its capital; 2,= Leucatas. 

leucaspis -Wis, f. (AtiWo-ins), having white 
shields; phalanx, Liv. 

Leucatas -ae, m. and Leucatcs -ae, iu. 
(Aetwaras), and Leucas -cadis, f. a promontory 
<f the island Leucadia, now Capo Ducato. 

Leuce -CS, f. (Acvicrj), a, lawn in L.aeonio. 

Leuci •orum, in. a people in Gallia Belgiva. 

Leucippus -i, m. (.W^tt-™?). I. Myth., 
father of Phoebe and Hilairo, who were mrr'wl 
off by Castor and. J'olluc. Hence, Leucippis 



Lieu 



:ig 



lib 



•idis, f. a daughter of Leucippus. II. Hisfc., « 
Greek philosopher, disciple of keno the Eleatic. 

Lencdpetra -ae, f. a promontory in Brut- 
Hum, now Cup dcll'Armi. 

Leucophryna -ac, f. (\evKo<bpvvo, i.e. with 
white eyebrows), a surname of Diana among the 
Magneitans. 

Lcncosia -ae, f. (AevKwm'a), an island near 
Paestum, now Licosia. 

Leucothea -ae, f. and Leucothee -is, f. 
(.UvKodea, i.e. the white goddess), name of Ino, 
daughter of Cadmus, after she had been turned into 
a sea-deity, afterwards identified with the old 
Italian goddess, Matutu. 

I.cucdtb.66 -es, f. daughter of the eastern 
king Orchamus and Eiu-ynome, beloved by Apollo. 

Leuctra -ornni, n. (AtOxTpa), a small town 
in Boectia, where Epaminondas defeated the 
Spartans. Hence, Louctrlcus -a -urn, Leuc- 
trian. 

levamen -Inis, n. (l. levo), a mitigation, 
alleviation, consolation, solace; quod si esset 
aliquod levamen, id esset in te uno, Cic. 

leva:, '.-ntum -i, n. (l. levo), alleviation, 
mitigation, solace; miseriaruni, Cic. 

levatio -Snis, f. (1. levo), 1, an alleviation, 
mitigation ; invenire levationem molcstiis, Cic. ; 
2, a diminution ; vitiorum, Cic. 

1. levatus -a -urn, v. 1. levo. 

2. levatus (laevatus) -a -urn, v. 2. levo. 
lcviciiluB -a .urn (dim. of 1. levis), somewhat 

vain, light-minded; loviculus noster Demo- 
sthenes, Cic. 

Icvldensis -c (1. levis), lightly made, of thin 
tai'irc; transf., slight, poor; muuusculum, Cic 

levipes -pedis (1. levis and pes), Uyht-foolcd ; 
lepus, Cic. 

1. I6vis -c, light, not heavy (opp. gravis). I. 
I, it., 1, as regards weight ; pondus, Ov. ; levis 
armatura, light armour, Caes., and concr. — Ught- 
unned soldiery, Cic ; 2, light or ijuick inmove- 
menl, rapid, swift, ; ocrvuB,Verg.; hora, transitory, 
Ov.; 3, gentle, soft, mild; somnus, [lor. II. 
Transf., 1, //';//'', trifling, unimportant, insig- 
nificant, of small value; a, dolor, Cic; perieuluui 
levins, Caes. ; auditio, a trifling, unfounded 
report, Caes. ; siibst., in lev! habere, to regard as 
a trifle, Tac. ; b, of poetry, light, unambitious 
(of love songs, etc.); Musa, Ov. ; c, trivial, 
slight, Insufficient; levis causa belli, Liv.; pec- 
unia Icvissima, Cic; of persons, levis pauper, 
whose credit is gone, llor. ; 2, light, mild, gentle; 
rcprelieusio levior, Cic ; 3, light, fickle, light- 
minded, unstable, unsteady ; homo, Cic; amicitia, 
Cic. 

2. levis (laovis)-c (Atios), smooth (opp. aspcr). 
I. Lit., 1, uorpuscula, Cic; 2. a, polished; 
pocula, Verg. ; b, poet., smooth, beardless; juv- 
cntas, Hor. ; scnex, bald, Ov. ; hence = youthful; 
pectus, Verg. ; vir, decked nut, spruce, Ov. ; c, 
slippery; sanguis, Verg. II. Of style, flowing, 
smooth , polished , oratio, Cic 

levlsomnus -a -inn ( 1. levis and soinuus), 
lightly sleeping, Lucr. 

1. leVitas -fitis, f. (1. levis), lightness. I. 
Lit., 1, lightness of weight ; arinoriiui, Caes. ; 2, 
lightness in movement, Lucr. II. Tninsf., 1, 
lightness, levity, fickleness, changeableness, in- 
constancy; levitatem aliening cxpcrlri, Cic; 
levitatem insectari, Cic; 2, groundlessness; 
opinionis, Cic 

2. lovitas -fttis, f. (2. levis), 1, smoothness ; 
speculorum, Cic. ; 2, smoothness, polish {of style) ; 
Aesehini, Cie. 

l^vltlr, ady. (1. leyfe), J, V.ghthj i not 



heavily, softly ; levins casura pila sperabat, Caes. 
II. Transf., 1, slightly, not much, somewhat; 
saucius, Cic. ; aegrotare, Cic ; ut levissime 
dicaui, tospeak in the mildest way, Cic. ; 2, lightly, 
with equanimity ; ferre, Cic. 

1. levo, 1. (I. levis). to raise, lift up, derate. 

I. Lit., seattollere ac levare, Liv. ; de cacsplto 
virgo se levat, Ov. II. Transf., 1, to lighten, 
make light, relieve from a weight; ego le fasce 
levabo, Verg. ; aliquem inctu, Cic. ; so acit) 
alieno, to free, Cic; 2, to relieve, support, con- 
sole, alleviate, mitigate ; curam et aiigorem aninii 
mei, Cic; 3, to refresh, strengthen ; fessos cor- 
poris artus, Hor.; 4, to diminish, weaken, 
impair ; tidein, Hor. ; auctoritatem, Cic. 

2. levo, 1. (2. levis), to make smooth, polish; 
corpus, Cic. ; transf., of discourse, aspcia, Hor. 

levor -oris, in. (2. levis), smoothness, Lucr. 

lex, legis, f. (2. lego), a set form of words. I. 
a proposition made by a magistrate to the people, 
bill. A. Lit., legem ferre, rogare, to propose a 
bill to the people, Cic. ; sciscere, jubere (of the 
people), to accept or pass a bill, Cic ; repudiate, 
antiquare, to reject, throw out a bill, Cic. ; pro- 
mulgate, to publish, Cic. B. a law, legal enact- 
ment; 1, a, legem ferre, to jxiss a law, enact, 
Liv.; abrogarc, to rtjiml, Cic; leges duodecim 
tabularum, the laws of the Twelve Tables, drawn. 
up by this Decemvirs, Cic : lege, legibus, used 
adv. = legally, according to law, Nep.; lege ngero, 
(a) of the lictor, to execute a sentence, Liv. ; (/3) to 
bring an action, Cic ; lex est Lacedaeinoniis 
or apud Rliodios (foil, by ut. and Hie subj.), 
Cic; b, meton., (a) law as written (opp. mores, 
consuetii'lo), Cic. ; (0) law generally, including 
positive ami natural law, Oic. ; 2, « law ■>•' 
by a man In himself; legem sibi slatuerc, 
Cic; 3, a, " rule, principle, prrcrpt ; leges 
philosophiae, historiae, Cic; versibus est cerla 
lex, fie. ; b, manner, way, iwture, kind; ex 
lege loci, ov. ; c, order; sine lege, without 
order, irregularly; cqui sine lego rtiunt, Ov. 

II. A. a formula ; Manilianasveiialium vemlcnd- 
oriim leges cdisccrc, fie. B. a contrail, covenunt, 
agreement; lex operi faciuudo, a building ion- 
true/, fie.; legem alicui scriberc, fie.; leg< ■■; 
pacis, conditions of peace, Liv. ; homines ca lege. 
uatos, on these terms, on this condition, Cic 

Lexovii -orum, m. « people, of Gallia Lug- 
dunensis on the Sctjuanu (Seine), whence II. e 
modern l.isicux. 

libamen -Inis, n. (libo), 1, a libation, offer- 
ing of wine made to the. gods at a sacrifice, \ erg, ; 
2," transf'., what is first taken, a sample, speci- 
men; Ut nova servatao carpes libamina famae, 
Ov. 

libamentum -i, u. (libo), a libation, Cic. 

HbatlO -finis, f. (libo), a libation, Cic. 

libella -ae, f. (dim. of libra). I. 1, a small 
coin, 1-U)lh of a denarius, equal in value to the, 
as ; prov., a very small sum of money, a farthing, 
a. mite ; hence, ad libellam, exactly, Cic; 2, 
transf., heres ex libella, heir to the whole pro- 
perly (cp. ex asse), Cic II. a carpenter's level, 
Plin. 

HbellllS -i, in. (dim. of liber), a little book. 
I. scripsi etiam illud quodam in libcllo, Cic; 
pi. meton., = a bookseller's shop, Cat. II. Esp., a, 
a note-book, memorandum-book, diary ; retulit in 
libellnni, Cic ; b, amemorial, a, petition ; libel- 
luni composuit, Cic; c, «, note of invitation, 
programme; gladiatorum libelli, Cic; d, a. 
placard, hand-bill, e.g., announcing the sale ot 
goods, dejicere libellos, to put off the sale, Cic. ; 
e, a letter, Cic. ; f, a satire, a libel, Suet. 

llbcns and lubens -enti.s, p. adj. (libet), 1, 
willing, with good-vrill, with pleasure; lilents 



lib 



a t * 



Lib 



61111:10, willingly, Cic. ; me libente, with my 
goodwill, Cic. ; 2, joyj'ul, pleased, <jlad, Plant., 
Tor. 

libenter (liibenter), adv. (libens, lubens), 
willingly, with pleasure ; libenter uti verbo 
Catonis, Cic. ; nusquam libentius cenare, with 
heller appetite, Cie. ; libentissime dare, Cic. 

libentia (lubentia) -ae, f. (lib»ns, lubens), 
cheerfulness, gladness, Plant. ; personif., Liben- 
tia -ae, f. the goddess of mirth, Plant. 

Libentina (Lubentina) -ae, f. (libens, 
lubens), r< )i«»i<; of Venus, as the goddess nf sensual 
pleasure. 

■ 1. liber -era -Srtim, free. I. A. of free birth 
(opp. servus), aliquem non liberniu putare. Cie.; 
of states, free, independent ; civitas, Caes. ; 
snbst., liber -eri, m. a freedman, Cie. B. 
Transt'., 1, free, from tax or tribute; agri, Cic; 
2, of bouses and places, free from inhabitants : 
aedes, uninhabited, Liv. ; 3, unencumbered with 
debt; lit rei familiaris liberum qnidquam sit, 
Cic. II. free from fetters. A. Life, Plant. 
B. Transf., 1, free from anything, without; a 
delictis, Cic. ; cr.ra, Cic. ; 2, free from restraint, 
unbridled; a, adolescentia, Cic; toga, vestis, 
the toga virilis, Ov. ; eustodin, surveillance., con- 
finement to a single house or town, Cic; fenus, 
unlimited bylaw, Liv.; liberum babere aliquid, 
to have in complete possession, Liv. ; liberum est 
milii, foil, by intin., / am free to do, Cic. ; h,free 
in thought ov expression ; animus, Cic. ; liberiores 
litterae, Cic. ; 3, morally free; a, in the philo- 
sophical sense, Cic: b, in a bad sense, = profligate, 
■unbridled, unrestrained; turba teinuleiitorum, 
Cie. 

2. liber -hri, in. I. the inner bark of a tree, 
Verg. II. And, as tin's was used by tlie ancients 
as a material upon which to write, a book, 
writing, treatise ; a, librum inchoare, eouflcere, 
Cie. ; libri Sihyllim, Cic. ; 110s autem in liliris 
(account books) habemus, Cic; b, a book, a 
division into which a work is divided; tres libri 
de. Natura Deorum, Cic; c, a register, catalogue, 
Cic ; d, c< letter, Nep. 

3. Liber -fri, in. 1, an old Italian deity, 
presiding over agriculture, and in later times 
■identified witli the lireek Bacchus; 2, meton., 
wine, Hoy. 

4. liber -eri, v. liberi -6111m. 

Libera -ne, f. (:i. Liber), 1, Proserpina, 
daughter of Ceres, sister of Liber ; 2, Ariadne, 
■wife of Bacchus. 

Liberalia -bun, n. (3. Liber), the. festival of 
Liber on the \~th of March, at which youths received 
the toga virilis, Cic 

liberalis -e (1. liber). I. relating to free- 
dom ; causa, a latvsuitin. which the freedom of some 
person is the waiter in dispute, Cic II. be- 
coming or suitable to a freedman., noble; 1, mens, 
Cic ; artes liberates, liberal arts, such as a freed- 
■nian. ought to be versed in, Cic; sumptus, expenses 
to keep up station and, appearances (opp. neces- 
.sarii), Cic; 2, a, kind; responsum, Cic; b, 
liberal, generous, giving freely, Cic ; laudis avidi, 
pecuniae liberates erant, Sail. 

liberalitas -Mia, f. (liberalis), 1, a noble 
disposition or character, kind, friendly disposi- 
tion, Cic ; 2, liberality, generosity, Cic. 

liberaliter, adv. (liberalis), in a manner 
becoming a freedman. I. nobly, becomingly ; viv- 
ere, Cic. II. Esp., a, in a friendly' manner, 
kindly, liberally; liberalissime erat pollicitus 
omnibus, Cie. ; b, richly, bountifully, Cic. 

liberatio -onis, f. (libero), 1, a setting free, 
releasing from ; culpae, Cic; 2, <( legal acquittal, 
Cic. 



liberator -oris, in. (libero), one who set) 
free, a liberator; patriae, Cic; attrib., liberator 
populus, Liv. 

libere, adv. (1. liber). I. like a freeuuxn, 
liberally, Tor. IL 1, freely, uitliout restruint, 
without hindrance ; vivere, Cic ; respirare, Cic ; 
2, a, spontaneously; tellus omnia liberius fere- 
bat, Verg. j b, frankly, openly, boldly; loqui, 
Cic 

liberi -Srorum and -erum, in. (1. liber), 1, 
children; liberos procreare, liberis operam dare, 
to beget children, Cic; 2, the. young of animals, 
Plau't.^ 

libero, 1. (1. liber), '" set free, liberate. I. 
From slavery, to manumit ; aliquem, Cic. II. 
to set free from something that fetters. A. to set 
free, liberate, deliver, release; te ab eo vindico 
ac libero, Cic ; divinus animus liberatus a eor- 
pore, Cic. ; aliquem culpa, Cic. ; aliquem pericu- 

10, Caes.; obsidionem urbis, to raise, Liv. B. 1, 
to set free from a debt or engagement; aliquem, 
Cic ; aliquem eodein illo orimine, Cic ; with 
genit. of the debt or fault, aliquem culpae, Liv.; 
2, teinpla liberata, having a free prospect, free 
from buildings which obstruct the view, Cic. 

liberta -ae, f., v. libertus. 

libertas -iitis, f. (1. liber). L freedom, 
liberty(o\rp. slavery). A. Lit., 1, se in libertatem 
vindieare, Cic. ; 2, a, civil liberty, as containing 
certain rights ; ad usurpandam libertatem vocare, 
to summon to the voting, Cic. ; libertatem eripere, 
to take away political privileges, Liv. ; b, national 
freedom, independence ; libertatem capessere, 
Cic ; perdere, Cic ; ree.ipere, Cic. B. Transf., 
1, freedom, liberty of action, freedom from re- 
straint; a, vivendi, loqnendi, Cie. ; dat populo 
libertatem ut quod velint faciant, Cic; b, licence, 
Cic; 2, freedom of speech, frankness, candour; 
multa cum libertate dicere, Cic. II. Libertas, 
personified as the goddess of Freedom, having a 
temple on the Aventine Hill, Cic. 

libertinus -a -van (libertus), o/.or relating' 
to the class of freedmen, Cic. ; hence, snbst., 
libertinus -i, m. a freedman, Cic. ; liber- 
tina -ae, f. a freedwoman, Hor. 

libertus -a -urn (for liberatus), placed in 
freedom ; snbst., a, "' JbertUS -i, m. a freedman, 
Cic. ; b, liberta -ae, f. a freedwoman, Cic. 

libet (lubot) -biiit or -bltum est, 3. im- 
pers., it pleases, is agreeable; mihi, tibi, etc., or 
absol., fai'ite quod libet, Cic ; non libet plura 
seribere, Cic . ' 

Libethra (Aet'0T)0pa) -drum, n. and Li- 
bethrus -i, m. (AetfSnOpos), a Thessalian spring, 
sacred to the Muses; hence, adj., Libethris 
-idis, f. nymphae Libethrides, the Muses, Verg. 

libldmose, adv. (libidinosus), lustfully, wil- 
fully, wantonly, Cic. 

libidinosus -a -um (libido), full of desire, 
wilful, iwanton, lustful; homo, Cic; eapcr, Hor.; 
applied to abstract things, libidinosissimae 
liberationes, Cic ; sententia, Cic. 

libido (lubido)-inis, f. (libet), violent desire, 
appetite, longing. I. ad libidinem, according to 
inclination, Cic ; ex libidinc, Sail. ; libidiue, 
wantonly, out of mere caprice, Cic ; libidinem 
babere in anuis, to take pleasure in, Sail. IL 1, 
immoderate or unrestrained desire, self-will, wil- 
fulness, wantonness ; alicuius libidini adversari, 
obsistere, Cic. ; libidines refrenare, Cic. ; 2, 
sensual desire, lust, lewdness; meton., libidines, 
obscenities in painting and sculpture, Cic. 

Libitina -ae, f. I. the goddess of corpses, in 
whose temple the requisites for a funeral were kept 
for hire, and the. register of deaths was preserved. 

11, Meton., 1, the requisites for a funeral ; pesti. 



lib 



318 



Lig 



India tanta crat, nt Libitiha vix sufliceret, 
Liv. : 2, death ; mnltaque pars moi vitabii 
Libitinam, Ilor. 

libo, 1. (Aei'Su). I. to take away from, A. 
a natura deornni libatos aniinos habcinns, Cic. 
B. 1, to t«ste : jecnr, Liv. ; hence a, to touch ; 
cibos digitis, O v. ;b, oscilla natae, to kiss, Vcrg. ; 
2, to pour a libation in honour of a god; in 
mensain, Verg. ! 3, to sacrifice, offtf t consecrate ; 
iliis ilanes, Liv.; fragcin i.'ereri, Ov. II. to 
diminish or in jure by taking away ; vires, Liv. 

libra -ae, f. (AiVpa). I. n balance, pair of 
.vales; 1, a, lit-, Librae lanx, Cic; per aes et 
I i brain, aare et libra, n fictitious form- of sale used 
i i making wills, adopting sons, etc.; tnereari 
aliquid aere et libra, in due form, Ilor. ; b, 
meton., the Roman pound 0/120?, ; 2, the. constel- 
lation called the, Balance, Verg. II. a level, 0. 
plummet lerel ; ad libraiu fecisse tunes, Caes. 

libramen -inis, n. (libro), balance, poise, 

Liv. 

libramentum -i. n. (libro). I. that which 
gires a thing a downward motion; a, weight, 
Liv.; b, that which gives a uiissile its impetus; 
tornientomiu, the thong, Tac. II. Transf., a 
horizontal plane, fat superficies, Cic. 

libraria -ae, f. (libra), a female who weighed 
ovl tlie wool to the slaves, Juv. 

librarioius -i, m. (dim. of librarius), 1, a 
transcriber, copyist, secretary, Cic. ; 2, a book- 
seller, Cic. 

librarium -ii, n., v. librarius. 

librarius -a -um (2. liber), of or relating to 
boote. I. Adj., tabcrna, a bookshop, Cic. II. 
Subst., 1, librarius -ii, in. a transcriber of 
books, a copyist, Cic. ; 2, librarium -ii, n. a 
place to keep books in, a bookcase, Cic. 

librator -oris, m. (libro) 1. n leveller or 

surveyor, Plin. ; 2, one who hurls missiles by 
means 'of a machine, Tac. 

libratus -a -urn, p. adj. (from libro), wcll- 
poiseil, swung, hurled with force; glans, Liv. ; 
ictus, Liv. 

librilis -p. (libra), of a pound weight; fundae 
libriles, slings, the stones of which v:eighcd a 
pound, Caes. 

libro, 1. (libra), a, to poise, keep in equilib- 
rium; terra librata ponderibus, Cic; b, to 
swing, hurl, launch, brandish; glandem, Liv.; 
se, to poise oneself in the air (of bees), Verg. ;poet., 
corpus In herba, to stretch out, Ov. ; c, tolecp 
suspended, keep in its place; vela librantur ab 
aurR, Ov. 

libs, libis, in. (Ai'if), a west-south-west wind, 
Plin. 

libum -i, n. a cake offered to the gods, especially 
on a birthday, Ov., Vcrg. 

Liburni -orum, m. tlie Liburnians, a people 
inhabiting the modem Croatia; sing., Liburnns, 
a Liburnian. slave, Juv. Hence, adj., a, Ll- 
burnus-a -um, Liburnian ; subst., Liburna 
-ae, f. a light vessel of war, schooner, briyantine, 
Caes. ; b, LlburniCUS -a -um, Liburnian. 

Libya -ae, f. and LIbye -es, f. (AiPvjj), 
Libya, the Northern part of Africa. Hence, 1, 
LIbycus -a -um, Libyan; fera, lioness, Ov.; 2, 
Hbys -fan, Libyan; subst., Libya, a Libyan, 
Ov. ; 3, Libyssa -ae, r. Libyan ; arenae, 
Cat.; 4, LlbystlS -idis, f. Libyan; ursa, 
Yen;. ; 5, Libyus-a -um, Libyan ; 6, Libys- 
tinus -a -um, Libyan. 

Libyphoenices -um, m. (Ai/3u<£oiVi/cf5), a 
Libyan people, descended from the Phoenicians, in 
£y:acium. 



lie-ens -centis. I. Pavtic. of liceor (q.V.). 
II. P. adj. (licet), free, unrestrained, iinbridleil ; 
Lupereus, Prop., of tilings, liccntior aitliy- 
rambus, Cic. 

licenter, adv. (licens), freely, according to 
one's own pleasure; and in ;i bad sense, boldly, 
impudently, unrestrainedly, Cic. ; of discourse, 
err.'ire, to wander on without ride or order, Tie. 

licentia -ae, f. (licet), freedom or permission 
to da idial one pleases, leave, licence, liberty. I. 
pueris non oniiieni ludcndi damns liceiitinm, 
Cic. ; tantnm licentiae dabat gloria, Cic II. 
Esp., a, freedom from, restraint, licence; poH- 
arum, Cic. ; verbornm, Ov. ; b, dissoluteness, 
licentiousness ; eomprimere hominuin licentiain, 
Cic. ; personif., Licentia, as a goddess, Licence, 
Cic. 

Hceo -ui -Hum, 2. to be on sale, to be valued 
at, to be estimated at a price; quanti licuisse tn 
seribis hortos, at what sum they were valued, Cic 

liceor -citns sum, 2. (liceo) to bid for, offer a 
price for; liciti sunt usque eo, cic; followed 
by ace, hortos, Cic. 

licet -curt or -cltum est, 2., impcrs. and in- 
transit. I. it is allowed, allowable, one can oi 
may, one is at liberty ; with dat. of pers. or 
absol., a, with iufin., as subject, licet rogare! 
may I ask! Lie; licet intelligi, one can under- 
stand, Cic. ; with ace. and infin.,nos frill liceret, 
Cic. ; with dat. of predicate, Themistocli licet 
esse otioso, Cic. ; with ace of predicate, eivi 
Romano licet esse Gaditannm, Cic. ; b, with a 
neuter pronoun or adj. as subject, quid deceat 
vos, non quantum liccat vobis, spectare debetis, 
Cic. ; c, with subj., fremant oinnes licet, Cic. ; 
sequatur licebit, he may follow, Cic. ; with per 
and the ace, per me licet, as far as I am con- 
cerned, Cic. II. Transf., granted, that, allowed 
that; foil, by the subj., omnia licet concurrent, 
Cic. 

Lichas -ae, ni. (Ai'xas), a servant oj Hercules. 

lichen -Onis, ni. (Atix"}*), moss or lichen, Plin. 

LIcinlus -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were : 1, C. 
Licinius Crassus, tribune of the people.; 2, L. 
Licinius Crassus, a celebrated orator; 3, M. 
Licinius Crassus, the triumvir. 

licitatlo -onis, f. (lieitor), a bidding, bid, at 
a sale or auction, Cic. 

lieitor, 1. dep. (intens. of liceor), to bid for, 
Plant. 

licitus -a -um (licet), allowed, permitted; 
sermo, Verg. ; neut, plur. subst., things permitted, 
Tae 

licium -ii, n. the. thrum, or remnant of old 
web to whirl) the weaver attaches the new fal 
telae licia addere,Verg.; in general, a thread, Ov. 

lictor -oris, m. re lietor, plur. lictores, the 
lictors, the public attendants of the principal llama n 
magistrates, vdio bore before them, the fasces as em- 
blem of their criminal jurisdiction, and executed 
the. sentences which they pronounced. Of these 
lictors, the dictator was attended by twenty- 
four, a consul by twelve, and a praetor by siN ; 
lictor proximus, the one nearest to the consul, Cic 

Hen -enis, in. or licnis -is, m. the mill, or 

spleen, Plant. 

licnosus -a-um (lien), splenetic, Plant. 

llgamcn -inis, n. (1. ligo), re siring, tie, band- 
age, Ov. 

ligamentum -i, n. (1. ligo), a bandage, Tac. 

Ligarius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens, 
the most famous member oj which was Q. Ligarius, 
re member of the Pompeian party, taken prisoner 
after the battle of Thapsns, and banished by Caesar, 



-Lag 



Hit) 



Lin 



nfleruYml^prirdnncd, defended by Qicero. Hence, 
ftrtj., Ligarianus -a -uin, relating to.Lig'arivs ; 
oratto. Cic. ; and subst., Ligariana -ae, f. 
C iceros sjwc/i on behalf of Ligurius, Cic 

Llgea -ae, f. (Aiyeio, Me cfeact'oitW), ttrtme 
of a wood-nymph. 

Liger -gens, m. a ?•£«»• on Me borders of 
Aquitania and Gallia LttgdunensU, now the 
Loire, (ace. Ligcrcni and Ligerim ; abl. Lteerc 
ami Ligeri, Caes). 

~ lignarius -ii, m. (lignum), a carpenter; inter 
lignarius, in Me wood-market, Liv. 

lignatio -onis.f. (lignor), a felling of timber, 
wood-cutting, Caes. 

lignator -Oris, m. O'gnor), a icood-cutter, 
Caes. 

ligneolus -a -um (dim. of ligneus), wooden, 

-AC. 

ligneus -a -nm (lignum), 1, made of wood, 
wooden; ponticulus, Cic; 2, transf., like wood, 
dry; conjnx, Cat. 

llgBOr, 1. dep. (lignum), to fetch wood; lignari 
pabularique, Caes. 

lignum -i, n. I. wood, esp., firewood (opp. 
materia, uvod used for building) ; ignem ex lignis 
ymdibus in loco angusto fieri jubere, Cic ; pro v., 
in silvam ligna ferre, to carry coeds to Newcastle, 
Hor. II. Meton., 1, a writing-table of wood, 
Juv. ;2,= a tree, Verg. 

1. ligo, 1. I. to bind, tie; aliquem vinculo, 
lac.; manus post terga, Ov. ; pisces in glacie 
Jigati, frozen fast, Ov. ; to bind up, bandage; vul- 
lieraveste, Ov. II. 1, a , to harness; mulam, 
•Hor. ; b, laqueo guttura, to tie up, to bind 
around, Ov. ; 2, transf., tobiiul together, connect, 
unite; dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit, Ov. 

...?■ ^SO -Oni.s, in. 1, a hoc, Ilor. ; 2, meton., 
tillage, Juv. ' ' 

ligula (lingiila) -ae, f. (dim. of lingua). 
I. a little tongue, and hence, a tongue of land 
■promontory, Caes. II. a shoe-strap, Juv. 

Ligures -um, m. the Ligurians, a people in 
modern Piedmont*; sing., Ligiis (Llgur) -guris, 
o. a^Ligunan; adj. — Liyurian. Hence, 1 
Iilguria -ft, f. the country of the Ligures; 2 
Iagusticus -a -um, Liyurian; 3, Ligust- 
lnus -a -um, Liyurian. 

ligurio (Hgurrio), 4. (lingo), i, to u c k, 
li ckup; jus, Hor.;. ftirta, to feed upon, gloat over 
skaltluly, Hor. ; 2, to lust after, long for; lucra, 

ligurritio -onis, f. (ligurrio), daintiness, Cic. 

Ligus -guris, m., v. Ligures. 

Ligusticus -stinus, v. Ligures. 

ligustrum -i, n. privet, Verg. 

lilmm -ii, n. (teCptov), a lily; 1, lit., Verg. ; 
2, transf. nnlit. t. t, a kind of fortification 
consisting of low palisades, Caes. 

Liljrbaedn (-baeum) -i, n. (A^v'Paio,,), a 
promontory in the west of Sicily, now Capo di 
Boco, with a town of the same name. Adj 
a ' • Lll Y, l ><ieus -a -um, b, Lilybeius -a -um; 
and_c, Lilybaetanus -a -um, LUybaean. 

lima -ae, f. (limo), a file, Plant,; fig., of style, 
polishing, revision, correction; defuit etscril.tis 
ultima lima meis, Ov. 

cj limate,adv. (limatus), elaborately, elegantly, 

limatiilus -a -urn (dim. of limatus), polislied, 
rejined; opus est hue limatulo et polite- too 
judicio, Cic. 

-J 1 ,? 1 ;" 1 ? 18 I'" 1 "'""' ft a,1 - j - Omo), polished, 
refined, elegant; genus librorum liinatiu.s, Cic. . 



limbus -i, m. a border, Item, sehnge, fAnni 

round the edge of a- robe, Verg. 

limen -Inls, n. (connected with 1. limus and 
ob-hquus), the threshold. I. A. Lit, intrare 

imen, Cic B. Meton., -1= house, dwelling- 
limine contlneri, Liv.; limine pell i. Vers • 2 
entrance; in iiiiiine portus, Verg.; 3, a,' the 
start: ug-iiotnt of a chariot-race in. the circus- 
limen iclinquunt, Verg. ; b, border, boundary; 
extra limen Apuliae, Hor. II. Pig., « begin- 
ning; belli, Tac. 

limes -His, m. (1. limus), a cross path or 
by-way. I. A. Lit., the boundary between tiro 
fields indicated by a path or stone, Verg. B. 
Meton., 1, a boundary -line; partiri limite 
camputn, Verg. ; fig., a distinction, difference; 
judicium brevi limite falle tuum, Ov.; 2, a forti- 
fied boundary-line, Tac. II. a pathway, road; 
Appiae, Liv.; acelivis, Ov. ; transvcrsiis, Liv.; 
solitus limes fluminis, river-bed, Oi ; sectus, the 
zodiac, Ov. ; quasi limes ad caeli aditum patet, 

Limnaeum -i, n. (Ai^cua), a town in 
Acarnania. 

Limnatis -tidis, f. (Aidant), a surname of 
Diana, as the patroness of fishermen. 

limo, 1. (lima), I. to file; 1, lit., geinmas, 
rim. ; 2, to whet, sharpen, Plaut. ; 3, fig., a, to 
polish, finish ; quaedam institui, quae limantur 
a me. politius, Cic. ; b, to investigate accurate.li/; 
yentatem, Cic. II. to file off; fig., to take away 
from, to diminish; alteri aflinxit, de altera lima- 
vit, Cic. 

limosus -a -um (2. limus), slimy, mini, 
muddy; lacus, Verg.; planities, Sail. 

limpidus -a -um (connected with liquidus), 
clear, limpid, pellucid ; lacus, Cat. 

1. limus -a -um (connected with limen and 
obhquus), of the eyes, sidelong, looking sideways r 
ocelli, Ov. 

2. limus -i, in. (linu), 1, slime, mud, mire, 
Cic. ; fig., malorum, Ov. ; 2, dirt, filth, Hor. 

3. limus -i, in. (1. ligo), an apron trimmed 
with puiple, worn by a priest when offering 
sacrifice, Verg. 

Limyra -orum, n. (Ai>vpa, i-i), and Limyra 
-ae, f. or Limyre -es, f. (A^v'pa, ■!,), a town in 
the south ofLycia on the river Limyrus or Limyra. 

1. linotus, partic. of lingo. 

2. linctUS -ii, m. (lingo), a licking, taste, Lucr. 

LindOS and -dus -i, f. (AiVSos), a town in 
Jlh odes. 

linea -ae, f. (linum), a linen thread. I. Lit., 

A. Plin. ; linea dives, a string of pearls, Mart. B. 
a carpenters plumb-line, Cic; linea discere uti, 
Cic. ; ad lineani, exactly straight or perpendiadar, 
Cic. II. Transf., a line made with a pen or pencil, 
geometriml line. A. Gen., lincam scribere, Cic. 

B. 1, a boundary-line in the circus, a starting- 
point or goal; fig., si quidem est pceeare taii- 
quam transilire lincas, Cic; mors ultima linea 
rerum est, the final goal, Hor. ; 2, the line in the 
theatre by which the seals were separated; coait 
nos linea jnngi, Ov. 

lineamentum -i, n. (linea), a line drawn 
with pen or pencil, a geometrical line. I. Lit , 
in geometria lineaments, Cic. II. Transf., ], 
pi., a drawing, delineation, sketch, outline; ii! 
opernm lineamenta sollertissiinc persplcia, Cic. ; 
2, a feature, lineament; corporis, Cic. 

lineus -a -um (linum), made of linen, linen; 
vincnla, Verg. ; lanterna, Cic. 

lingo, linxi, linctum, 3. (A«x<o), to lick, Cat. 

Lingones -um, m. a people in Gaul, when'ce 
the modern Lanyres. 



lin 



m 



in 



IiilgUa -ae, f. a tongue, t. A. Lit., linguam 
ab irrisu exserere, Liv. ; linguam ejicere, Cic. 
B. Meton., 1, speech, language; linguam dili- 
Kentissimecontinere, to restrain, Cic; Aetolorum 
linguas retundere, to silence, Liv. ; trniisf., of 
the .sounds of animals, linguae volucrtim.Verg. ; 
2, a, a language, tongue; Latina, Cic. ; Gallica, 
Caes. ; ntraque lingua, Greek awl Latin. ; b, a 
dialect ; diseiplinis linguaque divisa, Cic; 3, 
'readiness of speech, eloquence; est animus tibi, 
sunt mores et. lingua fidesque, Hor. ; in a bad 
sense, loquacity; poenam lingua commeruisse, 
Ov. ; or boast iny, Ov. ; or bold talk, Ov. II. 
Transf., of tongue-shaped objects, a tongue of 
land, promontory, Liv. ; triims haec (Sieilia) 
exeurrit in aequora Unguis, Ov. 

linla, v. liuea. 

liniamentum, v. lineamentum. 

llnlgei" -gera gerum (linum and gero), 
clothed in linen, applied to Isis and her priests, 
Ov. 

lino, livi and levi, lltnm, 3. I. to smear upon, 
spread over; medicaments per corpora, Ov. H. 
to besmear, anoint; 1 npiramenta cera, Verg. ; 
2, a, to cover; labraalicui, to cheat, cozen, Mart. ; 
tecta nuro, Ov. ; b, to nib over with the blunt end of 
the stylus what has been written on waxen tablets ; 
digna lini, worthy of being erased, Ov. ; c, to 
besmear, dirty ; ora Into, Ov. ; fig., splendida 
facta carmine foedo, Hor. 

linquo, llqui, 3. (A.n'n-w), to leave. I. Gen., 
A. Lit , socio. 1 ) ignotac terrae, Verg. B. Transf., 
1, to have, give up, abandon ; haec, Cic. ; severa, 
Hor.; 2, with double ace, nil intentatum, 
Hor. II. to leave, depart from; urbein, Cic; 
linqui, to faint, Ov. ; linquere dulces animas, 
to die, Verg. 

linteatUS -a -um (linteum), dollied in linen; 
legio, a Samnitc legion, so called from the canvas 
covering of the place where they tool;, the military 
oath, Liv. 

linteolum -i, n. (dim. of linteum), a fund! 
linen cloth, Plant. 

linter -tris, f. I. a boat, skiff, wherry ; prov., 
loqui e lintre (of an orator who sways ids body 
up and down in speaking), op. Cic II. Transf., 
« trough, tray, tub, rat, used in the vintage, 
Verg. 

lintGUR -a -nm (linum), linen, made of linen ; 
vestis, Cic ; libri, written- on linen, Liv. Subst., 
linteum -i, n. linen cloth, linen ; merces linteis 
delatae, Cic; e.sp., a sail; dare lintea ventis, 
Ov. 

lintrioulus -i, m. (dim. of linter), a small 
boat, Cic 

lilium -i, n. (\lvov), flar, linen. I. Lit., 
linum tenuissimum, Cic. II. Meton., 1, a 
thread, line; a, the thread with which letters were 
tied up; nos linum incidimus, legimus, Cic. ; b, 
" fishing-line, Ov. ; 2, a linen-cloth or garment, 
Hot. ; 3, » ro/v, cable, Ov. ; 4, a net for hunting 
or fishing, Ov., Verg. 

Linus (-da) -i, m. (Alvot), Linus. I. son of 
yf)>oMn and I'samathe, /laughter of the Argice 
king, Orotojms, torn in pieces by dogs. II. son if 
Apollo and the Muse Terpsichore, celelmted singer 

anil poet, the teacher of Orpheus ami Hercules, 
the latter of whom killed him with « blow of the 
lyre. 

Lipara -ae, f. and Lipare -es, f. (Amdpa), 
the largest of the Aeolian islands, north of Sicily, 
now Lipari ; plur., Liparne, the Aeolian islands. 
Adj., a, Liparaeus a -nm ; b, Liparensls 
•e, Liparean. 

lippio, 4. to hare sore eyes, be blear-eyed ; 
quurn leviter lippireui, Cic. 



lippitudo -inis, f. (lijipus), inflammation ill 
the eyes, Cic. 

lippus -a -um, having inflamed or watery eyes, 
blear-eyed, Hor. ; sand-blind, half-blind, Juv. 

liqucfacio -feci -factum, ;!., ]>ass., linuefio 
-factus sum -fieri (liqueo and fncio), to nvlt, dis- 
solve, makcliquid. I. Lit., l,glacics liquefacta, 
Cic; 2, to pvtrtfg; viscera liquefacta, Verg, 
II. Transf., to make, weak, enervate; aliqneiu 
languidis volnptatibus, Cic. 

liqUCO, llqui or Hcfti, 2. (A f i'/3(o). I. /<> be 

fluid, liquid ; concrescendi, liquendi, Cic. ; hence 
partic, linuens, fluid, liquid ; vina, Verg.; cninpi, 
the sea, Verg. ' II. Transf., to be rtear, to be 

evident, apparent ; a, dixit sibi liqueiv, Cic. ; wilt 
accus. and infin., cni nentrum licuerit, nee esse 
deosnec non esse, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., non liquet, 
(( phrase used by the jury when they declined to 
pronounce the accused person either innocent or 
guilty, Cic. 

liquesco, lieni, 3. (inchoat. of liqueo), to be- 
come fluid, to melt. I. Lit., 1, cera liqnescit, 
Verg. ; 2, to putrefy ; liqnescnnt, corpora, Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, to become effeminate.; vol tip tare, 
Cic; 2, to melt or waste away; liqnescit for- 
tuna, Ov. 

liquide, adv., with compar. and superl. 
(liquidus), clearly, plainly, positively; liquidius 
negare, Cic 

liquido, v. liquidus. 

liquidus -a -um (liqueo), fluid, flowing, 
liquid. I. A. Lit., odores, Hor. ; Nymphae, 
nymphs of springs, Ov. B. Transf., genus ser- 
monis, cic II. clear, bright, A. Lit., fonies, 
Verg.; aor, Verg.; vox, Verg. B. Transf.. 1, 
pure, clear; liqtiida voluptas et libera, Cic; 
2, culm; mens, Cat.; 3, clear, certain, l'laut. 
Subst., liquidum -i, n. certainty, Liv. ; adv., 
liquido, dearly, plainly; diccre, Cic. 

liqUO, 1. to make liquid, melt, liquefy. I. Lit., 
Cic. poet. II, to strain, percolate, clarify; 
vinuni, Hor. 

1. liqUOr, 3. dep. tobe fluid, be liquid, flow, 

melt ; toto corpore sudor liqnitur, Verg. ; transf., 
to melt auvy, pass away ; in partem pejoreiu 
liqnitur aetas, Lucr. 

2. liquor -oris, m. (liqueo), liquidity, fluidity. 
I. Lit., Cic. II. Meton., a liquid, fluid, liquor ; 
perlucidi amninm liquores, Cic ; absol., the sea, 
Hon 

Liriope -es, f. (Aeipio7rr)), a sea-nymph, mo- 
ther of Narcissus. 

Liris -is, ace -em and -im, abl. -i, m. 
(Afipi?), a river of Latinm, flowing into the Sinus 
Cajetanits, now the Garigliano. 

lis (old form, stlis), litis, f. a contention, strife, 
controversy, quarrel. I. Gen., aetatem in litibus 
conterere, Cic. ; lites eorum sedare, Cic, com- 
ponere, to settle, Verg. ; discernere, to decide, 
Verg. II. a legal contention or controversy, an 

action, suit ; 1, lit., litem aiicui intendere, in 

aliqueiu inferre, to bring an action against, Cic. ; 
litem habere cum aliquo, Cic. ; litem suam 
fncere, said of an advocate who neglects his 
client's business to defend himself, Cic. ; 2, 
meton., the, subject or cause of a suit; litem in 
rem suam vertere, Liv.; litem lite rcsolvere, to 
illustrate one obscure point by another, Hor. 

Llssus i. f. town in (lie south ofDalmatia, now 
Alessio, or Issch, 

Litana silva -ae, f. a forest in Cisalpine 
Caul, wherethe Romans were defeated ?iy theGanls, 

210 A.C. 

litatio ->~iiis, f. (lito), an auspicious offering, 
successful sacrifice ; hostiae majores sine litatione 
caesae, [,iv- 



lit 



321 



loc 



litera (littera) -ae, f. (1. liuo), a letter of 
the alphabet. I. Lit., literarum notae, Cic. ;liomo 
trium literarum =fur, a thief, Plaut. ; literae 
grandes, uncial characters, Cic. ; tristis(C), which 
-stood upon the balloting tickets for Condemno, 
salntaris (A), for Absolvo, Cic. ; literas discere, 
to learn to read, Cic. ; ad nie litcrani nunquam 
misit, not a line, Cic. ; Uteris parcere, to be 
sparing with paper, Cic. II. Meton., A. Sing., 
litera; 1, handwriting ; ad siniilitudinem literae 
tnae, Cic. ; 2, poet, for plur. literae, a, a 
letter, Ov. ; b, an epitaph, Ov. ; c, a. bond, 
Ov. B. Plur. literae, that which is written; 

1, written records ; quod parvae et rarae per 
eadem tempora literae fuere, Liv. ; 2, a, 
writing, document, deed, contract; litteras con- 
quirere, Cic. ; b, a letter, private or officicd de- 
spatch, edict, decree, epistle; dare alicui literas 
ad aliquem, to give to a messenger a letter for a 
third person, Cic. ; liber literarum missarum et 
allatarum, a book of letters despatched and received, 
Cic. ; c, literature, letters, science, culture ; Ut- 
eris omnibus a pueritia deditus, Cic. ; Uteris 
tinctus, Cic. 

literarius -a -urn (litera), relating to reading 
and writing; Indus, an elementary school, Tac. 

literate, adv. (literatus). I. distinctly, clearly, 
legibly; literate et scite perscriptae rationes, 
Cic. II. 1, literally, word for word ; respondere, 
Cic. ; 2, learnedly, scientificcdly ; dicta, Cic. 

literator -Oris, in. (litera), a philologist, gram- 
marian, critic. 

literatura -ae, f. (literae). I. a writing 
comjmsed of letters ; a, that which is written, Cic. ; 
b, the. alphabet, Tac. II. cidture, learning, 
scholarship, Sen, 

literatus a -nm (literae). I. lettered, in- 
srribed with, letters ; servus, brawled, Plaut. II. 
learned, liberally educated ; Canius nee infacetus 
ct satis literatus, Cic. ; transf., otium, learned 
leisure, Cic. 

Liternum -i, n. a toivn in Campania, north 
of the mouth of the river Lilernus, now Patria. 
Adj., a, Liternus -a -nm ; b, Liternmus 
-a -urn, Liternian. Subst., Literninum -i, 
II. an estate near Liternum. 

llterula -ae, f. (dim. of litera). I. a little 
letter (of the alphabet), literulae minutae, Cic. 
II. Plur., literulae, 1, a littln letter, note, Cic; 

2, letters, literature, literary and scientific culture, 
Cic. 

liticen -cinis, m. (lituus and cano), a trum- 
peter, clarion-blower, Cic. 

litigator -oris, m. (litigo), a party in a law- 
suit, litigant, Cic. 

lltlgiosus -a -urn (litfgium), full of strife, 
contentious. I. With comp. and super]., /cmcJ of 
dispute, litigious; homo ininime litigiosus, Cic. 
II. Of things, a, full of dispute, quarrelsome ; 
dispntatio, Cic; b, contested at law ; praediolum, 
Cic. 

litiglum -ii, n. (l>t'g°). a Quarrel, contention, 
Plaut. 

litigo, 1. (for litem ago), to quarrel, dispute, 
brawl. I. Gen., acerrime cum aliquo pro aliquo, 
Cic. II. Esp., to go to law; noli pati fratres 
litigare, Cic. 

lito, 1. I. Intransit., A. to bring an accept- 
able offering, to make an auspicious or accepted 
sacrifice, to obtain favourable omens; alicui deo, 
Cic. ; liternus Lentulo, to appease, make an 
atonement to, Cic. ; with abl. of the sacrifice, 
proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime, Cic. ; 
litato (abl. absol.), non auspicato nee litato 
aciem instrnunt, without having offered an auspi- 
cious sacrifice, Liv. B. Of the victim, to give 

11 



a favourable omen, promise success ; victima iitilla 
litat, Ov. II. Transit., to sacrifice successfully; 
sacris litatis, Verg. 

litoralis -e (litus), of or relating to the shore; 
dii, gods of the shore, Cat. 

litdreus -a -um (litus), ofov belonging to the 
shore; arena, Ov. ; aves, Verg. 

littera, etc., v. litera, etc. 

litura -ae, f. (lino). 1, the drawing of tlte 
blunt end of the stylus over the waxen tablet to 
erase what has been written , an erasure, correction; 
flagitio.sa litura tabularum, Cic. ; 2, meton., the 
passage erased; nomen esse in litura, Cic; poet, 
transf., a blot, Ov. 

littus, etc, v. litus, etc. 

litus (littus) -toris, n. (liuo). 1. 1, the sea- 
shore, beach, strand, coast; litus insulae, Cic; 
naves agere in litus, Liv. ; prov., litus arare, 
to plough the shore, to labour in vain, Ov. ; in litus 
arenas fund ere, to carry coals to Newcastle, Ov. ; 2, 
the sea-coast, territory near the coast ; cui litus ar- 
andum dedimus, Verg. II. Transf., the shore of 
alake, Ov. ; of a river, Cic. 

lituus -i, m. (l't°)- !• the curved staff or 
wand of an augur, Cic. II. Trausf., a curved 
trumpet, clarion, Cic. 

livens -entis, p. adj. (from liveo), 1, lead- 
coloured, bluish-grey ; plumbum, Verg. ; crura 
compedibus, livid, black and blue, Ov. ; 2, en- 
vious, Mart. 

liveo, 2. 1, to be of a bluish colour, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., to be envious, to tni'y ; alicui, Tac. 

livesco, 3. (liveo), to become bluish, grow 
liviil, Luer. 

lividulus -a -um (dim. of lividus) somewhat 
envious, Juv. 

lividus -a -um (liveo), bluish, blue. I. Lit., 
racemi, Hor. ; vada (of the Styx), Verg. ; esp. 
from blows, livid, black and blue; braehia, Hor. 
II. Transf., envious, malicious, spiteful : diifer 
opus, livida lingua, tuuin, Ov. ; oblivio, Hor. 

Livius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of ichich were : 1, C. or Al. 
Livius, surnamed Sulinatur, because of the salt-tax 
which he introduced when censor; 2, Livius 
Andronicus, of Tarentiuii, slave of Livius Saliii- 
ator, Roman tragic and comic poet; 3, T. Livida 
Patavinus, of Padua, the great Roman historian, 
born 50 a. a, died 16 a.d. ; 4, Livia Drnsilla, the- 
second wife of the Emperor Augustus; 5, Livia 
Orestilla, wife of the Emperor Caligula. Adj., 
Livian; lex, Cic. ; hence, Livianus -a -urn, 
Livian; fabulae, of Livius Andronicus, Cic; 
exercitus, of the consul M. Livius, Liv. 

livor -Oris, m. (liveo), 1, a bluish colour, 
livid spot on the body; niger livor in pectore, 
Ov. ; 2, envy, spite, malice ; a p. Cic. 

lixa -ae, m. o sutler, Liv. ; plur., lixae 
-arum, m. camp-foil oivers of every kind, Sail. 

locatio -onis, f. (loco), a letting out to hire, 
leasing; a, lit, Cic ; b, meton., a contract of 
letting and hiring, a lease, Cic. 

locellus -i, m. (dim. ofloculus), a compart- 
ment in a chest, Caes. 

locito, 1. (intens. of loco), to let out to hire, Ter. 

loco, 1. (locus), toplace, lay, put, set. I. Gen., 
1, lit., castra, Cic. ; milites super vallum, Sail. ; 
fundamenta urbis, Verg. ; 2, transf., to place ; 
homines in amplissimogradu dignitatis, Cic. II. 
Esp., A. to give in marriage, bestow in marriage ; 
virginem in tnatrimonium, Plaut. B. a, to let 
out to hire, to farm out taxes; vectigalia, port- 
orium, fundum, Cic. ; agrum campanum fru- 
endlini, Liv. ; with abl. of the price, agrnin fru- 
mentn, for a tenth part of the produce, Liv.; subst., 



Loo 



3 22 



Ion 



loCatuni -i, n. that which is let out to hire, Cic; 
b, hence, to give out on contract; statnam faci- 
endam, Cic J o, to hire out, let one's services on 
hire; se, Plant. C. to lend money at interest., 
Plant. ; se locare, to yield an interest, profit; 
diseiplina quae evat ab hoc tradita lot-aba t se 
non minus, etc., produced no less than, etc., Cic. ; 
lig., benellcia ajmd gratos, Liv. (locassint for 
locaverint, Cic). 

Locrl -drain, in. (AoKpoi), 1, the inhabitant* 
of Locris, in Greece. Hence, a, Locrenses 
•iuni, m. the Locrians; b, Locris -Wis and 
-Idos; f. re Locrian woman, Cat. ; the country 
Locris, Liv. ; 2, the name of a town in Lower 
Italy, in lirnttium, with the name Kpizephyrii, 
and also of its inhabitants, the Locrians. 

loculus -i, m. (dim. of locus), a little place. 
Esp., 1, a coffin, Plin. ; 2, plur., loculi, a box or 
chest containing many divisions, a coffer, casket; 
nummum in localos demittere, Hor. 

locuples -pletis (locus and*pleo). I. pos- 
. sessing large landed property, Cic. II. rich, 
wealthy, ojmlent ; 1, lit., a. of persons, mulier 
copiosa plane et locuples, Cic. ; with abl., copiis 
rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosi, Cic. ; b, 
of things, villa tota locuples est, Cic. ; annus 
locuples frngibus, Ilor.; aquila, the lucrative post 
of centurion, Juv.; 2, transf., a, rich, abound- 
ing in; Lysias oratione locuples, of copious 
rlrnpience, Cic; b, credible, trusty, sufficient, satis- 
factory ; auctor, Cic; testis, Cic;' tabellarius, 
Cic (abl. sing, locuplete and gen. (in Cic. 
always) loenpleti, genit. plur. locupletiuin, Cic; 
locuplettun, C'aes.). 

locupleto, 1. (locuples), to enrich ; homines 
fortunis, Cic. ; templum picturis, Cic ; transf., 
sapientem locupletat Ipsa natura, Cic. 

locus -i, m. (plur. loci, single places; loca, 
places connected with one another, neighboxirhood, 
region). I. a 'place. A. Geu., 1, lit., omnes 
copins in unum locum convenhe, Cic ; ex 
loco superiore agere, of a speaker from the 
rostra or of a judge who gives judgment from 
the bench ; ex aequo loco, of a speaker in the 
senate, Cic. ; ex inferiore loco, of a pleader in a 
court of justice, Cic. ; 2, fig., locum dare, to give 
occasion; consilio, suspicioni, Cic; often with 
partic genit., quo loci, Cic. ; eo loci, Cic. ; so, 
a, the right or proper place or occasion ; nee vero 
hie locus est, ut niulta dicantur, Cic. ; dnlce est 
desipere in loco, in the right place, Hor. ; b, 
place in the order of succession; secundo loco, 
secondly, Cic. ; loco dicere, in his turn, Cic. ; c, 
position, degree, rank; esse ex equestri loco, 
Cic. ; inflmo loco natus, Cic. ; loco, with the 
genit., in the place of; alicui parentis loco esse, 
Cic. B. Esp., 1, 1. 1., of military or pugilistic 
language, place, ground, post ; locum tenere, 
relinquere, Cic. ; fig., loco movere, drive from 
one's position, Cic; 2, place, part nf a book; 
aliquot locis significavit, Cic. ; 3, loci, means of 
proof; locos nosse, Cic. ; 4, « piece of ground, 
an estate, Cic; 5. a, a dwelling, house ; loca et 
lautia, Liv.; b, place = town ; opportunitas loci, 
Cic; c, neighbourhood; ea loca incolere, Caes. 
II. Transf., lj time; a, ad id locorum, up to 
that time, Sail.; b, opportunity, occasion; si est 
ullus gandendi locus, Cic. ; 2, condition, situa- 
tion; ineliore loco erant res nostrat-, Cic. 

1. Idcusta (lucusta) -ae, f. 1, a locust; 
lncustamm examina, Liv. ; 2, a kind of lobster 
or crab, Plin. 

2. Locusta -ae, f. a woman in Rnme, notor- 
ious for her skill in poisoning the contemporary 
and accomplice of Nero. 

locutio (loquutlo) -onis, f. (loqnor), 1, a 
epeaking, speech, Cic; 2, pronunciation, Cic. 



lodix dicis, f. ft rough blanket, rug, counten 
pane, Juv. 

logeum -ei, n, and loglum -ii, n. (Aoyaov 
and \6yiov), archives, Cic 

logica -ae, f. and logice -6s, f. (Ao-ynoj, bc. 
Tix'TlX logic, Cic. 

loglCUS -a -uiii (Aoyixd?), logical; subsl., 
logica -drum, n. logic, Cic 

logos (-US) -i, m. (Adyo?), 1, a word, Plant.; 
2, a joke, jest, bon mot, Cic. 

loligo, v. lolligo. 

lolium -ii, n. darnel, cockle, tares, Verg. 

lolligo -giuis, f. a cuttle-fish, Cic. 

Lolllus -a -mil, name of a Roman gens ; hence, 
Lollianus -a -um, Lollian. 

lomentum -i, n. (l»vo), an unguent for the 
purpose of smoothing the skin, made of bean-meal 
and rtce,Mart ; a means of cleansing, ap. Cic 

Londimum (Lundinium) -Ii, n. London. 

longaevus -a -um (longus and ae\\m\),aged, 
old; parens, Verg.; manus, Ov. 

longe, adv. (longus), long. I. In space. A. 
a long way off, far off, at a distance; 1, lit., 
longe absum, Cic; longe videre, Cic. ; discedere, 
Cic ; longe lateque, fur and wide, Cic. ; 2, 
fig., a, far off; longissime abesse a vero, Cic; 
ab aliquo longe abesse, not to help, Caes. ; b, 
far ; longe dissimilis contentio, Cic. ; longe dis- 
sentire, with compar. and superl., by far .- longe 
melior, Verg. ; lenge maximus, Cic. B. from 
afar; agnoscere regem, Verg.; fig., tarn longe 
repetita principia, far-fetched, Cic: II. Transf:, 
of time, long, for a long time, far ; aetate longius 
provectus, Cic 

longinquitas -fitis, f. (longinquus). I. Lit., 
length; 1, itineris, Tac ; 2, distance, remote 
ness, Cic. II. Transf., of time, length, dura- 
tion; temporum, Cic; morbi, Cic. ; bellornm, 
Liv. 

longinquus -a -um (longus), long. I. Lit., 

1, ainnes, Tac; 2, a, distant, far, remote; 
hostis, Cic ; Lacedaemon, Cic. ; e (ex) loginquo, 
from a distance, Tac. ; b, living at a distance, 
foreign; homo alienigena et longinquus, Cic. ; 
C, standing at a distance, Cic II. Transf., of 
time ; 1, long in duration, long; observatio, Cic. ; 
morbus, Cic. ; 2, distant; in longinqnum tempus 
aliquid differre, Cic. 

Longinus -i, m. the name of a family of the 
gens Cassia, v. Cassius. 

longlter, adv. (longus), Jar; ab leto errare, 

Lucr. 
longitudo -Inia, f. (longns), length. I. Lit., 

itineris, Cic. II. Transf., length of time; noctis, 
Cic. ; orationis, Cic. 

longiusculus -a -um (dim. of compar. 
longior), somewhat long; versus, Cic. 

Longula -ae, f. a Volscian town not far from 
Corioli. 

longule, adv. (longulus), somewhat far off, at 
a little distance ; ex hoc loco, Plant. 

longulus -a -um (dim. of longus), somewhat 
long ; iter, Cic. 

longurius -ii, m. (longus), a long pole, rod, 
rail, Caes 

longus -a -uin, long. I. Lit., 1, gen., a, of 
things, epistola, Cic. ; spatium, Caes. ; navis, a 
man-of-war, Liv.; versus, the hexameter, ap. Cic; 
with ace of length, ratis longa pedes centum, 
Liv. ; b, of pewons, Cic. ; longus homo est, Cat. ; 

2, esp. poet., vast, spacious; freta, Ov. ; pontns, 
Hor. II. Transf., of time ; 1, gen., long, of long 
duration, tedious; horae quibus expectabam 
longae videbantur, Cic. ; longa mora, Cic. ; 



ioa 



3>3 



luc 



with ace, ihensls XLV dies longns, Cic; 
longum est dicere, it is tedious to relate, Cic. ; no 
longum sit, ?ie longum faciain, to make a long 
story short, in brief, Cic. ; nihil est mihi longius, 
/ can hardly wait, Cic; in longum, for a long 
lime, Verg.; ex lougo, for a long time bacfc,Verg.; 
as applied to persons, prolix, tedious; nolo esse 
longns, Cic; 2, esp., a, of syllables, long; 
syllaba, Cic. ; b, far-seeing, looking far into the 
future; spes, Hor. ; poet, transf., of persons, 
longns spe, hoping to lice long, Hor. 

ldquacitas -atis, f. (loquax), talkativeness, 
loquacity; mea, Cic. 

loquaciter, adv. (loqnax), loquaciously, talk- 
atioely ; respondere, Cic 

loquaculus -a -una (dim. of loquax), some- 
what talkative, Lucr. 

loquax -quficis (loquor), talkative, garrulous, 
loquacious ; 1, of persons, homo omnium loqua- 
cissimns, Cic ; 2, of animals, ranae, croaking, 
Verg, ; 3, transf, of things, nidus, fall of nest- 
Ztftffs.Verg. ; stagna, fidl of frogs, Verg. ; lympliae, 
babbling, Hor.; epistola, gossiping, Cic; vultus, 
expressive, Ov. 

loquela (loquella) -ae, f. (loquor). I. a 
speaking, speech, discourse, Plant. II. Transf., 
1, a word; fundit has ore loquelas, Verg. ; 2, a 
speech, language; Graja, Ov. 

loquitor, 1. dep. (intens. of loquor), to speak, 
Plant. 

loquor, locfltus (loquiitus) sum, 3. dep. 
(connected with Ae'yw), to speak. I. Intransit., 
to speak (of conversation ; dicere, of an orator) ; 
1, lit., bene loqui de aliqua re, de aliquo, Cic. ; 
ruin aliquo, Cic; pro aliquo (either = in defence 
of or in the name of some one), Cic; apud (before) 
aliquein, Cic ; 2, transf., ut consuetudo loquitur, 
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to say; quid loquar de 
militari ratione, Cic; loqnnntur, they say, with 
aec. and infin., Cic ; 2, to talk of, speak of con- 
stantly ; classes, Cic; proelia, Hor.-; 3, to tell, 
utnttion; pugnantia, Cic. (archaic locnntur = 
loqnnntur, Cic). 

loratus -a -uin (lorum), bound with thongs, 
Verg. 

loreus -a -um (lorum), made of thongs, Plant. 

lorica -ae, f. (lorum). I. a leather cuirass, 
corselet, Cic ; transf., libros mutare loricis, to 
exchange study for war, Hor. II. Milit. t.t., a 
breastwork, parapet, Caes. 

lor ico, 1. (lorica), to arm with a corselet or 
cuirass ; gen. partic, loncatus -a -um, armed 
with a cuirass, Li v. 

lorum -i, n. a strap or thong of leather. I. 
Lit., esp. for binding, quum apparitor Post- 
umitvm laxe vinciret, ' Quin tu,' inquit, ' adducis 
lorum,' Liv. II. Meton., 1, the girdle of Venus, 
Hart.; 2, a rein; loris ducere equos, Liv.; 
lora dare, to relax the reins, Verg. ; 3, a scourge, 
whip; loris uri, Hor.; loris eaedere aliquem, 
Cic ; 4, a leathern bulla (v. bulla), Juv. 

Lotophagi, genit. -pliagon, m. (Awro^dyoi), 
myth., the Lotus-eaters, a people in Africa. 

lotos (-US) -i, f. (^iotos). I. the Egyptian 
lotus, Plin. II. a tree growing in North Africa, 
said to have been the food Of the Lotus-caters ; 
transf., the. fruit of the lotus, Ov. ; meton., a flute 
■made, of the lotus-tree wood, Ov. III. in. and f. 
on Italian plant (Diospyros Lotos, Linn.), Cic. 
IV. a plant used for fodder, Verg. 

1. lotus -a -um, v. lavo. 

2. lotus -i, f., v. lotos. 

Lua -ae, f. a goddess to whom arms captured in 
war were dedicated. 

Ill bet, lubi.lo, etc. = lifcst, libido, etc (q.v.). 



lubrico, 1. (lubricus), to make smooth or slip- 
pery, Juv. 

lubricus -a -um, slippery. I. Gen., A. Lit., 
glacies, Liv.; neut. subst., lubricum -i, n. a 
slippery place, Tac B. Transf., slippery, un- 
certain, insecure, tottering, perilous; aetas puerilis 
niaxime lubriea atquc incerta, Cic. ; lubrica de- 
fensionis ratio, Cic; poet, with infin., vultus 
nimiuiii lubricus aspici, dangerous to look upon, 
Hor.; in lubrico versari, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
smooth, slimy ; anguis, Verg. B. quickly moving, 
fleeting ; 1, lit, amnis, Hor. ; 2, transf., annus, 
quickly passing, Ov. 

1. Luca -ae, f. town in. Etruria (now Liiccu). 
Hence, adj., Lucensis -e, of Luca, 

2. Luca, v. Lucani. 

Lucani -Crura, m. (Aevxavoi), an Italian 
people in Lower Italy, and meton. = the country 
of the Lucani, Caes. ; sing., Lucanus, collective, 
Liv. Hence, 1, adj., Lucanus -a -um, 
Lucanian; 2, Liicania -ae, f. the country of the 
Lucani; 3, Lucanicus -a -um, Lxuxinian; 
subst., Lucaniea -ae, f. a kind of sausage, 
Cic; 4, Luca -ae, in. Lucanian; Luca bos, 
a Lucanian ox, i.e., an elephant, because the 
Romans first saw elephants in Lueania with the 
army of Pyrrhus. 

1. Lucanus -a -um, v. Lucani. 
- 2. Lucanus -i, in., M. Annaeus, a poet, native 
ofCorduba In Spain, contemporary of the Emperor 
Nero, author of tlie still extant Pharsalia. 

lucar -aris, n. (Incus), the money paid to actors 
from the treasury, stipend, salary, Tac 

lucellum -i, n. (dim. of lucrum), a little 
profit, a small gam; Apronio aliquid lucelli.jussi 
sunt dare, Cic. 

Lucensis, v. Luca. 

luceo, luxi, -2. (lux), to bebright, shine, glitter. 
I. stella lucet, Cic; lucent oculi, Ov.; tapers., 
lucet, it is light, it is daylight, it is day ; nondum 
lucebat, it was not yet light, Cic. II. to shine 
forth, be plain, evident; nunc imperii nostri 
splendor illis gentibus lucet, Cic. ; quum res 
ipsa tot, torn Claris argumentis luceat, Cic. 

Luceres -um, m. one of the three tribes into 
which the Romans of the age of Romulus are said 
to iMve been divided. 

Luceria -ae, f. a town in Apulia (now Lucent). 
Hence, Lucerinus -a -um, of Luceria. 

lilcerna -ae, f. (luceo), a lamp, oil-lamp ; 
lumen lucernae, Cic. 

lucesco (lucisco), luxi, 3. (inchoat. of 
luceo), to begin to shine; a, pers., novus sol 
lucescit, Verg. ; eras lucescere Nonas, appear, 
Ov. ; b, impers., lucescit, it grows light, day is 
breaking, Cic. 

luci = luce, v. lux. 

lUClde, adv. (lueidus), clearly, plainly, lu- 
cidly ; detinire verbum, Cic. 

lueidus -a -um (lux), full of light, clear, 
bright, lucid. I. Lit., 1, amnis, Ov. ; sidera, 
Hor.; adv., lucidum fulgentes oculi, Hor. ; 2, 
bright, shining white; ovis, Tib. II. Transf., 
clear, plain, lucid; ordo, Hor. 

luclfer -fera -feruni (lux and fero), light- 
bearing, light-bringing. I. Adj., 1, gen., equi, the 
horses of the moon, Ov. ; 2, bringing to liaht ; 
maims (of Lncina), Ov. II. Subst, Lucifer 
-ferijlll, Lucifer, the morningstar, the planet Venus, 
Cic. ; myth., the son of Aurora, and father of Ceyx; 
hence, Luc.ife.ro genitus (—Ceyx), Ov. ; meton., 
the day; tot Luciferi, Ov. - • 

lucifugus -a -um (lux and fugio), shunning 
the light ; blatta, Verg. ; transf., homines, Cici 



Luc 



324 



lud 



LuciliUS -a -inn, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of wit iih were: 1, Qu. Lu- 
cilius Balbns, a Stoic philosopher; 2, C. Lucilius, 
horn at Suessa Aurunca, b.o. 14S, died k.c. 10.% a, 
Roman knight, founder of Roman satiric poetry. 

Lucina -ae. f. (lux), "she that brings to light," 
the goddess of births, a surname of Juno or of 
Diana; me ton., a bearing of children, birth; 
Luciuam pati (of the cow), to calve, Verg. 

lucisco = lucesco (q.v.). 

Lucius -Ii, m. a common Roman praenomen 
(gen. abbreviated to L.). 

luorativus -a -nm (lucror), attended with 
gain, profitable ; so], Cic 

Lucretllis -is, m. a mountain in the Saline 
count/ y, part of the modern Monte Gennaro. 

LucrctlUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which were : 1, Sp. Lucre- 
tius Tricipitinus, successor of L. Junius Brutus 
in the considate ; 2, his daughter Lucretia, who, 
being ravished by Sextus, the son of Tarquinivs 
Superbus, stabbed herself, ami thereby led to Vie. ex- 
pulsion of the kings from Rome.; 3, T. Lucretius 
Caras, a Roman poet, contemporary of Cicero, 
author of the still extant poem De rerum natnra. 

iucrifacio -feci -factum, ;). (sometimes 
written separately lucri lacio), to gain, receive us 
profit; peeuniam,Cic. ; triticimodios centum, Cic 

lucrificabllis -e, gainful, profitable, lucra- 
tive. Plant. 

lucriflcus -a -um (lucrum and facio), gain- 
fid, profitable, Plaut. 

luorifuga -ae, c. (lucrum and fugio), one 
who sjiuns gain, Plaut. 

Lucrinus -i, m. (with or without lacus), a 
lake on the coast of Campania, near Baiae. Hence, 

adj., a, Lucrinus -a -um, Lucrine ; eonehylia, 

Hor., and subst., Lucrina -orinn, n. Mart., 
Lucrige oysters, celebrated for their flavour; 

b, Lucrinensis -c, Lucrine; res, oysters, Cic. 

lucror, 1. dep. (lucrum), to get gain, to gain, 
profit (opp. perdere). I. Lit., auri pondo decern, 
Cic. ; stipendium, Cic. II. Transf., nomen ab 
Africa, to win, Hor. ; lucretur indicia veteris 
infamiae, I will make him a present of, i.e., / will 
say nothing about, Cic. 

lucrosus -a -um (lucrum), full of gain, 
profitable, lucrative, Ov. 

lucrum -i, n. (of. Xavu>), gain, profit, advan- 
tage (pw. damnum). I. Lit, lucri causa, Cic; 
ad praedam lucrumqUG revoeare, to turn to one's 
profit, Cic. ; ponere in lucro or in lueris, to 
reckon a gain, Cic; lucra facere ex vectigalibus, 
Cic. ; lucri with dare, facere, addere, conferre, 
numerare, auferre, as gain, Cic ; de lncro vivere, 
to have to thank some one else for being alive, 
Cic II. Melon., 1, the love of gain, avarice, 
Hor. ; 2, lucre, riches, Ov. 

luctamen -Inis, n. (luctor), effort, exertion, 
struggling, toil, Verg. 

luctatio -onis, f. (luctor). I. a wrestling, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. a struggle, contest, Liv. 
B. a contention in words, dispute,, contest; 
magna cum aliquo, Cic. 

luctator -Cris, m. (luctor), a wrestler, Ov. 
lnotiflcus -a -um (luctus and iieio), causing 
grief, mournful, baleful ; Alecto, v'erg. 

luotlsonus -a -um (luctus and sono), sor- 
rowfully sounding ; mugitus, Ov. 

luctor, 1. dcp. to wrestle, I. Lit., fulvft 
arena, Verg. ; luctabitur Olympiis Milo, Cic. 
XI. A. Physically, to struggle, strive, contend 



with; in arido solo, Liv.; in turba, Hor.; With 
abl., Afiicus lnctatnr fltictibus, Hor.; lull, by 
infin., telum eripere, Verg. B. Intellectually, to 

strive, struggle ; emu aliquo, Cic 

luctuose, adv. (luctuosus), mournfully, 

sorrowfully, Liv. 

luctUOSUS -a -um (Indus), mournful, sor- 
rowful, lamentable, doleful, baleful ; a diem ilium 
reipublicae luctuosum, Cic; luetnosissimum 
bellum, Cic ; misera tempora et luctuosa, Cic 

luctus -us, m. (lugeo). I. mourning, lamenta- 
tion, especially for a bereavement ; 1, lit., a, 
luctus domesticus, Cic; luctus publicus, priv- 
atus, Liv.; luetum ininuere or levare, Cic; 
luetum ex aliqua ve percipere or liaurire, ( ic ; 
plur., expressions of sorrow ; in inaxinios luctus 
incidere, Cic; b, mourning apparel, mourning; 
erat in luctu senatus, Cic ; 2, melon., the cause 
of sorrov) ; tu . . . luctus eras levior, Ov. II. 
personif., Luctus, the. god of mourning, Verg. 

lUClibratlO -onis, f. (lucuhrn), 1, working 
by night or lamp-light, nocturnal study ; vix digna 
lucubratione anicularum, to be. told by old toives 
while spinning at night, Cic; plur., lucu bra tiones 
detraxi et meridiationes addidi, Cic; 2, melon., 
that which is produced by lamp-light, a lucubra- 
tion; hicubrationein meam perire, Cie. 

lucubro, 1. (lux). I. Intransit., to work by 
night; inter lucubrantes ancillns sedere, Liv. 
II. Transit., to produce by night, to compose id 
night; parvum opusculum, Cic 

luciilente, adv. (luculentus), excellently, ad- 
mirably, splendidly ; a, opus texere, Cic; 
ironic, calefacere, Cic. ; b, of style, excellently ; 
scribere, dicere, Cic. 

liiciilenter, adv. (luculentus), excellently, 
well; Graece luculenter scire, Cic. 

luculentus -a -um (lux). I. full of light, 
bright; eaminus, Cic. II. Transf, distin- 
guished, splendid, excellent; a, of outward ap- 
pearance, forma, Ter. ; b, of importance, extent, 
plaga, Cic. ; patrimonium, Cic ; c, of reputat ion, 
auctor, Cic; d, of style, oratio, .Sail.; verbis 
luculentioribus, Cic. 

Lucullus -i, m. the name of a family of the 
gens Licinia. The most distinguished of the 
J.ucidli was L. Licinius Lucullus, general against 
Mithridates, notorious for his riches and lavish 
expenditure. Adj., 1, Lucullanus -a -inn ; 
2, Luculleus a -um ; 3, Lucullianus 
-a -um, Lucullan. 

luculus -i, in. (dim. of Incus), a little grove, 
Suet. 

Luciimoand syncop.,Lucmd >r Lucmon 
-onis, m. (Etruscan Lauchme); plur., Lucu - 
moiics, the magnates of F.truria, who were also 
priests, an Etrurian prince and priest; galeritus 
Lucmon —an Etrurian, Prop. 

1. luCUS -i, m. a sacred grove, consecrated 
wood, Cic ; poet., a. wood, Verg. 

2. lucus -u, m. (= lux), light, Ter. 

ludia -ae, f. (ludius), 1, an actress or female 
dancer. Mart. ; 2, a, gladiator's wife, Juv. 

ludlbrium -ii, n. (ludo), derision, mockery, 
sport, jest. I. Lit., alicui esse ludibrio, Cic; 
per ludibrium auditi dimissique, heard and 
dismissed with scorn, Hor. II. a laughingstock, 
plaything ; is ludibrium verius quam comes, 
Liv. ; fortunac, Cic ; ludibria ventis, Verg. 

ludibundus -a -um (ludo), 1, playful,- 

sportive, Liv. ; 2, transf., playing, i.e., with ease, 
without difficulty or danger; coelo sercno in 
Itallam hulibundi pervenimus, Cie. 

ludicer and ludlcrus -era- crum (Indus), 
done for sport or recreation, serving us spoit or 



lud 



325 



lup 



recrca.tion, playful, sportive. I. Ailj., 1, gen., 
seraio, Cic ; am ludicra arinorum, Cic. ; 2, esp., 
relating to the. stage ; rts, acting, Cic. II. Subst., 
ludlcrum -i, n. 1, gen., a plaything, Cat. : 2, 
esp., a theatrical performance, public spectacle, Liv. 

ludificatio -onis, f. (ludiflco), a muling 
game of deriding, deceiving; quuin (Pinni mora, 
ludilicationc, calumnia, seuatus auctoritas im- 
pediretur, Cic. 

ludificator -Oris, m. (ludifrco), one who 
makes game of another, a deridvr, Plant. 

ludifiCO, 1. (ludus and faeio), to make game 
of, make a mock of, deride, cheat, cozen ; aliqucm, 
Sail. ; absol., Cic. 

ludiflcor, 1. del), (ludus and faciei). I. 
to make game of, make a mock of, deride, delude, 
cheat ; aliquem, Liv. ; absol., Cic. II. Trans f., 
to make vain, frustrate by cunning; ea quae 
licstes agercut, Liv. 

ludimagister -tri, m. a schoolmaster, Cic. 

ludio -onis, in. a pantomimic actor, Liv. 

ludlUS -Ti, m. 1, a pantomimic actor or 
dancer, Cic. ; 2, a glailiator, Jnv. 

ludo, lflsi, ltisum, 3. to play. I. Intransit., 
A. Lit., alca, Cic. ; troclio, Hor. B. Transf., 1, 
to play, sport, toy; exempla honesta ludendi, 
Cic ; in numeruni, to dance, Verg. : 2, to sport, 
amuse oneself; lnsisti satis, Hor. II. Transit., 
to play. A. Gen., proelia latronnm, chess, Ov. ; 
ludum iusolentem ludere, Hor. B. 1, to do for 
amusement, amuse oneself with doing, to play 
with; opus, Hor.; causain illani disputationem- 
pne, Cic ; 2, a, to rally, banter; aliquem, Cic. ; 
b, to deceive, delude, Cic. 

ludus -i, in. a game, sport, pastime. I. Lit., 

I, ludus campcstris, Cic. ; novum sibi aliquem 
excogitant in otio ludum, Cic. ; dare ludum 
alicui, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, ludi, public games or 
spectacles celebrated in honour of the gods; ludus 
lacere, to give, celebrate, Cic. ; ludis, at the time of 
the games, Cic. ; ludos coinmittere, to begin the 
games, Cic; b, a satire; in Naevii ludo, Cic. 

II. Transf., A. a game, a chilli's game, a trifle ; 
ilia peidisccre ludus esset, Cic. B. a sport, 
jest, joke; per ludum et.jocuui, Cic. C. a place 
where the body or mind is exercised, a school; 
gladiatorius, for training gladiators; esp., a 
school for learning the elements of knowledge, Cic; 
ludus literarum, Liv. ; ludum habere, to keep a 
school, Cic. (archaic form loedus, Cic). 

luela (luclla) -ae, f. Quo), punishment, 
expiation, Lucr. 

lues -is, f. (Iuo), a plague, pestilence, con- 
tagious disease, Verg. ; transf., a, a word of 
reproach for criminals, pest, plague, Cic. ; b, 
any wide-spreading or universal calamity, destruc- 
tion, tear, Tac. ; earthquake, tempest, Tac. 

Lugdunum -i, n. town on the north border 
of Gallia N'arbonensis and Gallia Lugduncnsis 
(now Lyons). Adj., Lugdunensis -e. 

lugeo, luxi, luctum, 2. I. Intransit,, t» 
mviirn, be in mourning (as shown by cries and 
outward .signs, while macrco = fo be dejected); 
lugct senatus, Cic; lugere pro aliquo, Cic; 
cam pi lugciitcs, places of mourning (of the lower 
world), Verg. II. Transit., to bewail, lament, 
deplore, to wear mourning for ; matronae annum, 
ut parentem, enm luxerunt, Liv.; aliquem, 
Cic; mortem alicnius, Cic 

lugubre, adv. (Ingubris), mournfully, plain- 
(tarty, Verg. 

lugubris ■(• (lugeo), relating to mourning, 
mournful I. Lit.,lamentatio,/oi'</iei7<x!d, Cic; 
dumus, a house of mourning, Liv. Subst., lu- 
gubria -luni, n. mourning attire, Oy. JI. 1, 



causing mourning; bellum, Hor.; 2, doleful, 
pluiutive ; verba, Ov. 

lumbus -i, m. the loin, Cic. 

lumen -nil's, n. (for lucmen, from luceo), 
light. I. Lit., A. Gen., tabulae collocate in bono 
lumine, in a good light, Cic. ; lumen solis, Cic; 
B. 10sp. 1, a light, lamp, taper ; lumini oleum in- 
stillare, Cic; sub luiuiua prima, at twilight, 
Cic; 2, the light of day, day; lumine quarto, 
Verg.; 3, the light of life, life; relinquere, Verg. ; 
4, the light of the eye. the eye ; luminibusauiissis, 
being blind, Cic; eaeeitas luiuinis, Cic; lumina 
delixa teuere in aliqua re, Ov. ; 5, light in a 
house; lumiiiibus obstruere, to block up light by 
building, Cic. C. Melon., an ojicning through 
which light can enter ; 1, duo lumina ab animo 
ad oculos perforata nos habere, Cic. ; 2, a 
window, Cic II. Fig., 1, light, clearness, in- 
sight; ordo maxime est, qui memoriae lumen 
atfert, Cic ; 2, a light, a remarkable excellence, 
glory, ornament; Corinthus totius Graeclae 
lumen, Cic; lumina civitatis, Cic. 

lumlndre -aris, n. (lumen), a window-shutter, 
window; plur. Cic. 

lumlnosus -a -urn (lumen), full of light ; of 
discourse, bright, luminous, Cic 

1- luna -ac, f. (for luciia, from luceo). I. tlie 
moon. A. Lit., plena, full moon, Caes. ; ortus 
aut obitus lunue, Cic ; lunae defectus, Cic. ; 
laborans, tlie moon in eclipse, Jnv. ; quarta luna, 
the fourth day after new moon, Cic; luna crescit, 
Cic. B. Melon., 1, the night; roscida, Verg.; 
2, a half-moon, an ivory ornament in the shape 
of a half-moon, worn by Roman senators on their 
shoes, Juv. II. l'ersonif., Luna, the goddess of 
the Moon, afterwards identified with Diana. 

2. Luna -ae, f. tmen on the borders of Liguria . 
and Etruria. Hence, adj., LCnensis -e, of Luna. I 



lunaris -O (luna), 1, relating to the moon, 
lunar; cursus.Cic; 2, like the moon; cornua.Ov. 

luno, 1. (luna), to bend into a crescent or half- 
moon; arcuni, Ov. Partic, lunatus -a -urn, 
bent into a crescent, half-moon or. sickle-shaped ; 
peltae Amazonidum, Verg. 

1. liio, liii, 3. (Aouw), to wash. 

2. Iuo, liii, liiiturus, 3. (Aiiu), to loose; transf., 
1, to expiate, atone for ; stupruiu voluntaria 
morte, Cic; 2, to pay ; luere poenam or poenas, 
to suffer punishment, pay a penally for ; itaque 
inei peccati Iuo poenas, Cic. ; poenam pro 
caede, Ov. 

lupa -ae, f. (lupus), 1, a she-wolf, Liv. ; 2, a 
prostitute, Cic. 

lupanar -aris, n. (lupa), a brothel, Juv. 

lupatus -a -uni (lupa), provided with wolfs 
teeth — i.e., iron spikes; frena, Hor. Hence, 
lupati -drum, in. and lupata -urura, n. a 
curb with jagged spikes, Verg. 

Lupercal -cfilis, n. (Lupercus). I. a grotto 
on tlie Palatine Hill, sacred to Pan or Lupercus, 
Verg. II. Plur., Lupercalia -iuni, the festival 
of Pan or Lupercus, celebrated in February. 

Lupercus -i, m. (lupus and arcco), " th« 
keeper off of wolves," 1,'an old Italian deity, pro- 
tector of flocks against wolves, sometimes identified 
with the Arcadian Pan ; 2, a priest of Lupercus, 
Cic 

Lupia -ae, m. a river in North-west Ger- 
many, now the Lippe. 

lupinus -a -um (lupus), of or relating to a 
waif, wolfish. I. Adj., libera, Cic II. Subst., 
lupmum -i, u. and lupinus -i, m, the lupine 
(Lupinus albus, Linn.), used on the stage in- 
stead of coin ; nee tamei) ignorat quid distent 
acrn lupinis, K^ . .-... 



lup 



326 



Lya 



lupus -i, in. (Ai'«<k), a wolf. I. Lit., genus 
acre luporuin atque canuin, Vei'g. ; prov., lupus 
in fibula, talk of the devil, and he'll appear, Cic; 
Ji«c urget lupus, liau cauis angit, to be between 
two fires, Hor. II. Transf., 1, a voracious fish, 
the pike, Hor. ; 2, a, a horse's bit lotth jagged 
points, Ov. ;.b, a hook; ferrei, Liv. 

• lurco -onis, m. a glutton, gormandizer, Plaut. 

• luridus -a -um, pale, yellow, livid, lurid, 
ghastly, deadly pale. I. Lit, pallor, Ov.; dentes, 
Hor.; sulfur, Ov. II. Transf., producing pale- 
iicss ; honor, Ov. ; acorn ta, Ov. 

luror -oris, m. ghastliness, deathly paleness, 
Lucr. 
. luscima -ae, f. the nightingale, Hor. 

lusciniola -ae, f. (dim. of luscinia), a little 
nightingale, Plaut. 

1. luscmus -a -urn (luscus), one-eyed, Plin. 
,' 2. Luscmus, C. Fabricius, v. Fabricius. 

lusciosus and luscitiosus>a -urn (luscus), 
purbliwl, dun-sighted, Plant. 

lUSCUS -a -uin, 1, hollow-eyed, blind; statua, 
Juv. ; 2, one-eyed, Cic. ; dux, Hannibal, Juv. 

liisio -onis, f. (ludo), a playing, sport ; lusio 
pilae, Cic. 

Lusitania -ae, f. the country of the Lusilani, 
between the Durius and the Tagits; the modern 
Portugal, with a part of the modern Spain. Hence, 
adj., Lusitanus -a -um, Lusilanian. 

lusito, 1. (intens. of ludo), ro play, sport, 
PI a lit. 

Luslus -Ii, m. a ricer of Arcadia. 

lusor -oris, in. (ludo). I. one that plays, a 
player, Ov. II. a, a playfvl or wanton writer; 
lonerorum lusor anioium, Ov. ; b. a mocker, 
Plaiit._ 

lusorfus -a -um (lusor), relating to play, Plin. 

lUStrallS -c (2. lustrum). I. relating to 
expiation, or atonement, expiatory, atoning; 
sacrificium, Liv.; exta, Verg. II. 'relating to a 
period of Jive years (because of the quinquennia] 
expiatory sacrifice at Rome), Tac. 

lUStratlO -onis, f. (lustro), 1, a purification 
by sacrifice, expiation,; lustrationii. saero peracto, 
Liv.; 2, a. going round, going over, traversing, 
■■wandering ; niunicipioruin, Cic; solis, Cic. 

lustro. 1. (connected with lnceo). I. to 
male bright, illumine. A, sol cuncta sua luce 
lustrat ct coinplet, Cic B. 1, to look at, regard, 
observe, examine; quae sit me circuin copia, 
lustro, Verg.; alicuiua vestigia, Ver^. ; 2, to 
wander over, traverse, jmss through ; Aegyptum, 
Cic; nequor navibus, Verg. II. to \mrify, 
'haute by sacrifices. A. Lit., populum, exe'r- 
citum, Cic. B. Meton. 1, to reviev), muster 
an army (when a sacrifice was offered); exer- 
ci turn, Cic. ; 2, to go round, dance round, encircle ; 
aliquem choreis, Verg. 

1. lustrum -i, n. (luo or lavo). I. a bog, 
morass, Varr. II. Transf., 1, the den or lair of 
u wild beast ; ferarum, Very. ; 2, a wood, forest, 
Verg. ; 3, a brothel, Cic. 

•-'. lustrum -i, ii. (connected with 2. luo). 
I. an expiatory sacrifice, offered every five years 
by the censors at the close of the census on behalf 
of the Roman, people, at, which an, ox, sheep, and 
sow were sacrificed ; lustrum condere, to offer the 
expiatory sacrifice, Cic. ; sub lustrum ceuscri, to 
be enrolled near the end of the census, Cic. II. 
Meton., a period of five years, a lustre; octavuni 
claudere lustrum, Hor. 

lusus -fi, in. (ludo). I. (i playing, game, 
sport ; trigon, Hor. II. Transf., sport, amuse- 
ment, trifling; 1, per lugum atque Jasciviam, 
Liv. ; 2. dalliance, Qy, 



Lutatius -a -um, name of a llomuii gens, v. 
Catulus. 

Juteolus -a -um (dim. of luteus). yellowish; 
callha, Verg. 

Lutctia (Piirislonun) -ae, f. town in Gallia 
LugduncHsis (now Paris). 

1. luteus -a -um (lutum) ; a, of the colour of 
tin- plant Intum, yellow, saffron-yellow ; Aurora, 
Verg. ; b, rose-coloured; soccus, Cat. 

2. luteus -a -uin (liifum), 1, of mud or clay, 
Ov. ; transf., worthless; negotiuin, a trifle, Cic ; 
2, dirty, covered with dirt ; Vulcanus, .In v. 

luto, 1. (latum), to besmear with mud or dirt, 
Mart. 

lutiilentus -a mm (latum), 1, muddy, 
dirty; sus, Hor.; humus erat lutuleuta vino, 
Cic; amnis.Ov.; 2, hg.,filUiy, dirty; homo, Cic. ; 
vitia, Cic; esp., of style, turbid, impure, Hor. 

1. lutum -i, n. I. a plant used fir dyeing 
yellow, dyers' weed, weld, Verg. II, Meton., 
yellow colour, Verg. 

2. lutum -i, n. (\vu>). I. mud, mire, dirt; 
volutari in Into, Cic; crates luto coutegere, 
Caes. ; prov., in luto esse, haerere, to stick in the 
mud, be in great perplexity, Plant., Ter. ; used as 
a term of reproach, filthy fellow, scum of the 
earth, Cic. II. loam, clay; caementa interlita 
luto, Liv. 

lux, lucis, f. light (root LUC, Gk. Ai-'k-ij). I. 

A. Lit., 1, gen., solis, Cic; lunae, Verg. ; lychn- 
oruin, Cic; 2, esp., daylight, day; cum prima 
luce, prima luce, as soon as it was day, Cic. ; 
ante lucem, Cic ; ad lucem, in the morning, Cic; 
luce or luci, by day, by daylight, Cic ; meton., a 
day; centesima lux ab interitu P. Clodii, Cic'. 

B. Trans!'., 1, a heavenly body, Cic. ; 2, the light 
(of life) ; a, in lucem edi, Cic. ; b, meton., life; 
corpora luce carentum, Vei'g. ; 3, the eye, eye- 
sight, Ov. II. Transf., the light; 1, publicity, 
the public view, the. sight if men ; res occultas 
in lucem proferrc, Cic ; Isocratcs luce forensi 
caruit, Cic ; 2, light, illustration, elucidation : 
historia testis temporuin, lux veritatis, Cic ; 3, 
light, help, succour; lucem nflerre reipublieae, 
Cic; 4, light, ornament; haec urbs, lux orbis 
terrarum, Cic 

luxor, 1. dep. (luxus), to riot, revel, Plant. 

luxuria -ae. f. ami luxuries -ei, f. (luxus). 
I. Lit., of plants, ra ulness, exuberant or luxuriant 
growth; segetum, Verg. ; li^., Cic II. Transf., 
excess, prodigality, dissipation-, riotous living, 
luxury; a, odit populus Romanus privataiu 
luxuriam, publicam magnificentiam diligit, 
Cic. ; b, unbridled insolence, Liv. 

luxurio, l. and luxurior, 1. dep. I. to 
be luxuriant, rank, abundant in growth ; humus, 
seges, Ov. ; transf., a, of animals, to be playful, 
sportive, wanton; ludlt et in pratis luxuriatquc 
pecus, Ov.; b, to be exuberant, abound in ; faciein 
decet deliciis luxuriarc novis, Ov. ; to swell, 
increase; membra, Ov. II. Transf., to be luxu- 
rious, run riot, be dissolute; ne luxuriarent 
olio ai.imi, Liv. ; Capua luxurians felicitate, Cic 

luxiiridse, adv. (luxuriosus), luxuriously, 
voluptuously; vivero, Cic 

luxuriosus -a -um (luxuria). I. luxuriant 
in growth; frumenta, Cic II. Fig., a, im- 
moderate, excessive ; laetitia, Liv.; amor, Ov. ; 
b, luxurious, dissolute, prodigal; nihil luxuri- 
osius (honiino illo), Cic 

1. luxus -a -um (Ao£o;), dislocated; pes, 
Sail. 

2. 1UXUS -us, in. 1, lueueii, ileliiiinliery, ser.s- 
uul rxeess, revelling, Cic ; 2, splendour, Verg. 

Lyaeus -i, m. (Avalo?), the releaser from care, 
su r ii" me of Bacchus ; pater Lyaeus, Verg.jifletqn- 



Lye 



327 



Mac 



wine; uda Lyaei tempera, Hor. ; attrib., latex 
Lyaeus, Verg. 

Lycaeus -i, m. (Xvkohov), a mountain in 
Arcadia, sacred to Jupiter and Pan, Adj., 
Lycaeus -a -urn, Lycaean. 

Lycambes -ae, in. (AvKd/x/3r)s), a Theban 
who, for refusing his daughter in marriage to 
ArchUochus, was attacked by the poet in such 
sarcastic veiscs that he and his daughter hanged 
themselves. Hwice, adj., Lycambeus -a -uin, 
Lycambean. 

Lycaon -ouis, in. (AuKacoe), king of Arcadia, 
transformed by Jupiter into a wolf, father of 
Callisto. Hence, a, adj., Lycaomus -a -urn ; 
Aretos, Callisto, as a constellation, Ov. ; whence 
nxis, the northern sly, Ov. ; b, Lycaonis -Idis, 
f. Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, Ov. 

Lycaones -tun, m.{XvKa.ova),theLycaonians, 
a people in Asia Minor betiveen Cappadocia, 
Cilicia, and Pisidia. Hence, adj., Lycaonlus 
-a-um, Lycaonian. Subst, Lycaonia -ae, f. 
the country of the Lycaones. 

Lyceum -i, n. and Lycium -ii, n. (\vnaov), 

1, a gymnasium at Athens, at which Aristotle 
taught ; 2, a gymnasium with a library in Cicero's 
Tusculan villa. 

lychnucus -i, m. (a.vxpoCx°0> n lamp-stand, 
candelabrum, Cic. 

lychnus -i, in. (,Wx l '°s)> a lamp, Cic. 

Lycia -ae, f. (Avi«'a), a country of Asia Minor 
between •Carta and Pamphylia; hence, adj., 
Lycius -a -uin, Lycian ; deus, Apollo, Prop.; 
Bortes, the oracle of Apollo at Patara, Verg. ; 
hasta, of the Lycia n king Sarpcdon, Ov. ; subst., 
Lycii -orom, in. the Lycians. 

Lycium = Lyceum (q.v.). 

Lycomedcs -is, ra. (AvKo^Srn), king of the 
island of Scyros, where Achilles hid himself in 
female attire. 

Lycophron -plirduis, m. (XvKoippiav), a Greek 
tragic poet of Chulcis in. Euboea. 

Lycorias -Mis, f. (AuKopias), daughter of 
Kerens and Doris, a sca-uymph. 

Lycoris -Idis, f. a freed woman of Volumnius 
Eulrapelus, the mistress of the triumvir AntonUis 
and of the poet L. Cornelius Callus. 

Lycormas -ae, m. (Au/cdp/jas), a river in 
Aetolia. 

LyctUS (-OS) -i, f. (Au'ktos), a town in Crete. 
Adj., Lyctius -a -11111 = Cretan, Verg. 

Lycurgus -i, in. (Ai>«oOpv"s). I. Myth., 
son, of Dryas, king of the Edoui in Thrace, wlvo 
prohibited the worship of Bacchus among his sub- 
jects. II. Myth., sunofAleusand Xcucru, father 
of Ancaeus, king in Arcadia ; hence, Ljfcurg- 
Ides -ae, in. = Ancaeus, Ov. III. Hist, an 
Athenian orator, famed for his severity ; hence 
Lycurgei -orum. m. (AvKoJpye«u) = strict, in- 
flexible citizens. IV. Hist., the celebrated Spartan 
legislator. 

Lycus (-os) -i, m. (Av'kos), name of several 
rivers; 1, a river in Paphlagonia, flowing into 
the Pontus Euxinus, near Jhraelea (now Turak); 

2, a river in Phrygia, flowing into the Mae'- 
ander. 

Lydia -ae, A (AuSia), a country of Asia Minor, 
from which according to the legend the Etruscans 
originally came; hence, adj., A. Lydfus -a -uin, 
a, I.ydian; aurifer amnis, Pactolns, Tib.; b, 
Etruscan; lluvins, Hie Tiber, Vcrg. B. Lydus 
•a-um; a, Lydian ; puella, Omphalc, Vcrg.; b, 
Etruscan; plur., Lydi, the Etruscans, Cic. 

lympha Gjirpr-.'O -r.e. f. clear spring or 



river water, Verg. ; personif., Lymphao =s 
Nymphs of the springs, Hor. 

lymphaticus -a -um (lympha), raving, 
raging, insane, mad, frantic; pavor, a panic 
terror, Li v. 

lympho, 1. (lyinpliu), to make inad, strike 
with frenzy, Plin. ; parte, lymphatus -a -um, 
mad, frantic, insane; lympliftta mens, Hor.; 
lymphati, struck with panic, Liv. 

Lynccstae -arum, m. (AvyxecrTaO, a people 
in the south-west of Macedonia near whom was 

a fountain, the waters of which caused drunken- 
ncss. Adj , LyncestlUS -a -um, Lyncestiau. 

LynceUS -ei, in. (Auyiceu's). I. a Messenian 
hero, one of the Argonauts, renowned for the sharp- 
ness of his sight; hence, 1, adj., Lynceus-a -uin, 
a, belonging to^Lynceus, Ov. ; b, sharp-sighted, 
Cic; 2, Lyncides -ae, m.'a descendant ofLyn- 
reus. II. a companion of Aeneas. 

Lyncus -i (Adytco?) I. in. a king in Scylhia, 
changed into a lynx. II. f. the capital of the 
Lyncestae. 

lynx -cis, c. (Adyj), a lynx, Verg. 

l^ra ae, f. (Av'pa). I. the lyre, a stringed 
instrument ; quum (Theinistoeles) in epulis 
recusaret lyram, Cic. II. Transf., 1, lyric 
poetry, song; Aeoliae lyrae arnica, Ov. ; 2, the 
constellation Lyra, Ov. 

Lyrceius (Lyrceus) -a -uin, belonging to 
tlie mountain Lyrceum between Arcadia and 
Argolis. 

lyricus -a -um (\vpiKos), of or relating to 
the lyre, lyric; vates, a lyric poet, Hor. 

Lyrnesos -i, f. (Aupnjtrds), town in the I'road, 
birthplace of Briseis. Hence, 1, Lyrnesis -idis, 
subst., f. Briseis; 2, Lyrnesius -a -um, Lym- 
esian. 

Lysander -dri, m. (\v<rav&pos), 1, a celebnttrd 
Spartan general, conqueror of the Athenians ; 2, 
an ephor of Sparta, friend of the king Agis. 

Lysias -ae, m. (Avcrias), re celebrated Athenian 
orator, contemporary with Socrates. 

Lysimachia -ae, f. (Avo-i/idxetn), re town in 
Thrace, founded by Lysimachus. Hence, Lysi- 
machienses -ium, in. the inhabitants of Lysi- 
machia. 

Lysimachus -i, m. (Au<tiV«X°s)i one of the 
generals of Alexander the Great, ruling after A.'s 
death in Thrace and Pontus. 

Lysippus -i, in. (\v<rimros), a celebrated 

worker in metal of Sicyon. 

Lysis -idis, in. (Averts), 1, a Pythagorean 
philosopher of Tarcnlum, teacher ofEpamiuondas; 
2, a river in Asia. 

Lysithoe ,-es, f. (\v<n06ri), daughter oj 

Occanus. 



M. 

Mm, the twelfth letter of the Latin Alphabet, 
, corresponding in form and sound with the 
Greek M, n- For M. as an abbreviation, bee 
Table of Abbreviations. 

Macardus -ei and -cos, in. (Moucaptu's), son 
of Aeolus, brother of Canace. 'Hence, MacareiS 
-idis, f. (MoxapTji?), the daughter of Macareus (Issc). 

Maccdo (-6n) -donis, m. (Mukc&dV), re Mace- 
donian; plur., Macedones -um, m. tH Mace- 
donians. Hence, 1, Macedonia -ae. f. (Maxc. 
dgvia), ct country between Thcsraly and Thrace; 



mac 



328 



Mae 



2, Ma«ed6niCU8 -a -nil), Macedonian; 3, 
M&cedonius -a -um, Macedonian. 

maceUarius -a -um (macellum), of or relat- 
ing to the provision market. Subst., macel- 
larius -ii, m. a victualler, provision-dealer, Suet. 

macellum -i, n. n provision-market, meal- 
market; aiinouam in inacello cariorein fore, Cic. 

mac oo, 2. to he lean, Plaut. 

1. m&cer -era •crura, lean; taurus, Vcrg. ; 
transf., of soil, poor; solum, Cic.; fig., 
iiiacrum reducit, Hor. 

2. Macer -cri, m. a Roman family name; 1, 
C. Liciuius Macer, a Roman historian; 2, Ae- 
milius Macer, a poet, friend of Vergil and Ovid. 

maceria -ae, f. (paxcKos, or hcLk*\\ov, an 
enclosure), a wall enclosing a garden, vineyard, 
or park, Cic. 

macero, 1. I. to soak, steep in muter, Ter. 
II. Transf., 1, to make weak, bring down, reduce; 
aliquem fame, Liv. ; 2, to torment, tease, vex; 
quae vos, quum reliqueritis, macerent desiderio, 
Liv. 

mftcesco, 3. (maceo), to grow thin, become 
h in, Plaut. 

machaera -ae, f. Qia\atpa), a sword, knife, 
Plant. 

machaerophorus -i, in, (p.a\a.tpo4>dpo;), 
aimed with a sabre or machacra, Cic. 

MS.cha.6n -dills, m. (Malawi-), mytli., son 
of Acsadairius, celebrated physician. Hence, adj., 
MachaoniUS -a -um, of or belonging to Ma- 
chnon. i 

machina -ac, f. (M>)\ai'ij), 1, a machine, any 
artificial contrivance for performing work, espe- 
cially a machine for moving heavy weights, Cic, 
pulling down columns, Cic., drawing ships down 
to the sea, Hor. ; lig., ut omncs adhibea.ui nia- 
uliiua.s ad tenendum adulescimtulum, C'ie. ; 2, a 
military engine, a ixilapuU, balista, etc., Sail. ; 3, 
a platform oil which slaves were exposed for sale, 
y. Cic. ; 4c, a device, contrivance, trick, stratagem, 
Cic. 

machina mcntr.m -i, u. (macliiuor), a 
\iwjchitie, instrument, Liv. 

machinatio -onis, f. (macliiuor), 1, audi in- 
« net, machinery, mechanism; cum machinationc 
qnudum inoveri aliquid vidonius, Cic; transf. 
a. cunning device, •machination, Cic; 2, melon., 
c medtauical contrivance, a machine; navalis, 
Cacs. 

maohlnator-oris, m. (machinor), 1, a maker 
of machines, architect; tonnentorum, Liv.; 2, 
transf., in a bad sense, a deviser, contriver, orig- 
inator; horuin omnium sceleruui, Cic. ; huius 
belli, Liv. 

machinor, l. dep. (machina), 1, to contrive, 
invent, devise ; opera, Cic; versuin, Cic; 2, to 
plot some evil, contrive; postern in aliquem, Cic. 

mdcles -51, f. (maceo), 1, leanness, thinness; 
a, of men, corpus macic iutabuit, Cic. ; b, of 
soil or crops, poverty, barrenness, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
mcagreiuss of expression, Tac 

macllentus -a -um (macics), thin, lean, 
Plaut. 

MScra -ae, 1, a river in Italy, between. Lignriu 
and Ei in r'm, now Magra ; 2, Macra udm£(McutpA 
Kujfj.ri), ''■ place in Locris vn the borders of Thessui y. 

macresco, inScrui, ". (macer), in grow lean, 
become thill, Hoi. 

Macrl Campi and Campl Macri -drum, 

m. " valley in Uallia Vispadana. 
Macrobius -ii, m., 'Aureliun Ambrosius 

Tlieodosius.o grammarian of the fifth centnry, a.tk 

macrdcollum -i, n. (jiaicpoicjiKov), paper of 
the largest si-e ; royal jpaprv Cin 



mactabilis -c (macto), deadly, Lucr. 

mactatUS -u, m. (macto), a slaying, killing, 
Lucr. 

macte, macti, v. inactus. 

macto, 1. (intens. of *mago, akinto inactus), 
to honour, glorify. I. to honour a god with a 
sacrifice; puerornm extis deos manes, Cic; 
transf., a, to reward, lioivvr with anything; 
aliquem honoribus, Cic ; b, in a bad sense, to 
afflict, punish, with ; aliquem summo supplicio, 
Cic. II. to sacrifice, offer; hostiam, Hor.; 
transf., to devote; aliquem Oreo, Liv. 

mactus -a -um (from * mago, maxi, mactum 
= augeo), 1, found only in the forms macte, 
macti, joined witl» an abl. and generally with 
the iiaper. of the verb esse, well done! bravo! 
all hail! good luck attend thee! macte virtnte I 
Cic. ; macte esto virtute ! Hor. ; macte virtutc 
diligentiaquc esto ! Liv.; macti virtute, milites 
Romani, este ! Liv. ; with genit, macte animi, 
Mart. ; 2, = mactatus, sacrificed, Lucr. 

macula -ae, f. (connected with maceo, mac- 
ies, macer), 1, a Spot, mark ; equus albis maeulis, 
Verg. ; 2, the mesh, of a net, Cic. ; 3, transf., a 
blot, stain, blemish, fault ; hunc tu vitae splend- 
orem maeulis nspcrgis tuis? Cic; familiae, 
Cic. 

m&culo, l. (macula), to cover with spots, to 
make spotted, stain, pollute; 1, lit., terrain tabo 
niaculant, Verg. ; candor corpoium magis san- 
guine atro maculabatur, Liv.; 2, transf., to 
stain, defile, pollute ; rex ille opt i mi regis caedc 
maculaCus, Cic ; partus suos parricidio, Liv. 

maculosus -a -um (macula), full vf sp>its, 
spotted, speckled; 1, lynx, Verg.; 2, stained, 
polluted, defiled; vestis Pompeii, Cic; lig., de- 
filed, polluted; senatorcs, Cic; nclas, Hor. 

madefacio -feci -factum, :.(., pass, made- 
ilo -factus sum -fieri (madcu and facio), to 
null.'- wit, moisten, soak ; gladii sanguine inade- 
faeti, Cic ; sanguis madefcccrat herbas, Vcig, 

madco -ui, 2. (noWw), to be int. moist, In 
drip, flow. I, Lit., A. Cen., iialahaut pavimeuta 
vino, madcbaiit parioles, Cic. ; sanguine terra- 
madet, Verg.; par tic, madciis, moist, Civ. B. 
Esp., 1, to writ, (of snow); nix sole madons, 
Ov.; 2, In be drunk, Plant.; 3, to )»■ Imiled, '<> be 
made soft by hulling, Verg. II. Transf., to be full 
of, abound in, overflow with ; pocula mudent 
Bacclio, Tib. ; Socralicis madet scrmoiiibus, 
steeped in, Hor. 

madesco, madui, 3. (madco), to become moist 
or wet; seinusta inadescunt robora, Verg. 

madldus'-a-uui(iiiadeo), moist, wcl. I, Gen., 
fasciculus e pistol a rum totusaquamadidus, Cic. ; 
genae, wet with tears, Ov. ; vestis cocco madida, 
dyed with, Mart. II. Lsp., drunk, Plaut. 

mador -Oris, m. (modeo), moisture, wetness, 
Ball. 

Maeander -dii, m. and Maeandros (-us> 
-dri, in. (Meuai'Spos). I. a riirr of Asia Minor, 
i rovt rbiul for Us winding course, now MeiwJer ; 
in. the legend, father of Oyanc, the mother of 
Cannus and Byblis. it. Appcllat., u winding, 
turning; a, of a road, Cic. ; b, u winding border 
if a dress-, Verg. Hence, adj., Macandrlns 
a -um, of or belonging in Moeandrr; jurenis, 

I 'mi nn.<, (IV. 

Maecenas -iitis, in., ''. Cilnius, « Roman 

knight, the friend of Augustus, and the patron "f 
Horace and Vergil. 

Maecius -a -um, Maccian. I. name of a 
place in I.alinm, not far from I.n nuciuw. II, 
name of a Roman gens, of which the most celebrated 
member was Sp. Maecius Tarpa, a. celebrated 
Roman critic. . • 



Mae 



329 



mag 



Maedi -6m«i, m. (Mot&t), a Thmctan people. 
Adj., Maedicus -a -um, belonging io the Maedi ; 
subst., Maedica -ae, f. the country of the Maedi. 

Maelius -a -um, name of a Unman gens, of 
which the most celebrated, member was Sp, Maelius, 
slain, on. suspicion of aiming at kingly power, by 
C. Servilius Ahala, -master of the horse to the 
dictator Cincinnatus. 

rnaena (mena) -ae, f. (pcUVq), a hind of 
small sea-fish, often salted, Cic. 

Maenalus (6s) -i, m. and Maenala 
-drum, n. (MatvaKov), a mountain in Arcadia, 
sacred to Pan. Hence, 1, Maenalius -a -um, 
Maenalian, Arcadian ; deus, Pan, Ov. ; versus, 
pastoral poetry, Verg. ; 2, Maenalis -Idis, f. 
belonging or relating to Maenalus; ursa, Callisto, 
Ov. ; ora, Arcadia, Ov, 

Maenas -adfs, f. (potvos), 1, a bacchante, 
Ov. ; transf., a, a priestess of Priapvs, Juv. ; 
b, a priestess of Cybele, Cat. ; 2, a prophetess 
(Cassandra), Prop. 

Maenades, v. Maenas. 

Maenius -a -um, name of a Uoman gens; 
eolumna Maenia, v. columna. Hence, Maen- 
lanus -a -um, Macnian. Subst. , Mnenianum 
-i, n. a projecting balcony, first introduced by 
C. Maenius, Cic. 

Maeones -lfTn, m. (MaiWes), the inhabitants 
ofMaeonia, the. Mac.onians ; hence, a, Maeonla 
-ae, f. (Mcuoi'i'a), Maeonia, a part of Lydia, and, 
as the Etruscans were said to derive their origin 
from Lydia = Etruria, Verg. ; b, Maedmdes 
-ae, m., (a) Homer, as a native, according to some, 
of Colophon or Smyrna, Ov. ; (J3) an Etruscan, 
Wig. ; c, MaeoniS -idis, f. a Lydian woman, 
Ai-achne, Ov. ; Omphalc, Ov. ; d, Maeonius 
-a -um, (a) Maeonian, Lydian; ripa (of the river 
Paetolus), Ov. ; esp., senex or vates, Homer, Ov. ; 
so Homeric or heroic; carmen, pes, chartae, Ov. ; 
(/3) Etruscan ; nautae, Ov. 

Maeotae -arum, m. (Maiwrai), a Scythian 
people on Lake Maeotis. Hence, a, Maeoticus 
-a -um, Maeotic; palus, the Lake Maeotis, Plin. ; 
b, Macotldae -arum, m. the persons living on 
Lake Maeotis ; e, Maeotis -idis, f. relating to 
the Maeotae or to Lake Maeotis ; esp., Maeotis 
palus or lacus, now the Sea of Azov ; d, Maed- 
tlus -a -um, Maeotian.' 

maerco, 2. I. Intransit., to be sad, mourn- 
ful, to grieve, mourn, lament ; maeret Menelaus, 
Cic. ; with abl. of cause, suo incommodo, Cic. ; 
with abl. of instr., sono tenui, in a gentle tone, 
Ov.; maeret, foil. by quod, he is pained that, etc., 
Ov.; partus.! maerens, mournful, sorrowful ;-quis 
Sullam nisi maerentem vidit? Cic. II. Transit., 
to lament, mourn over, bewail; casum, Cic. ; fllii 
mortem graviter, Cic. ; witli ace. and infln., 
Cic. ; talia maerens. uttering lamentations, Ov. 

maeror -oris, m. (maereo), mourning, grief, 
sorrow, sadness ; in maerore jacere, Cic. ; maer- 
orem minuere, Cic. 

maestitia -ae, f. (inaestus). I. scuhiess, sor- 
rowfulness, dejection, grief; esse in maestitia, 
Cic. II. Transf., gloominess; orationis quasi 
maestitiam scqui, Cic. 

maestitudo -Inis, f. (maestus), sadness, 
Plant. 

maestus -a -um (maereo), sad, sorrowful, 
dejected, cast down, melancholy. I. Ulixes, Cic. ; 
senex, Cic; manus, Ov. II. Transf., 1, gloomy; 
neci maestum dimittit, Verg. ; 2, causing or 
indicating sorroiv ; vestes, Prop. ; funera, Ov. 

Maevius -ii, m. a 1ml poet of the time of 
Vergil. 
maga -ae, f. (magus), the enchantress, Ov. (?) 

11* 



magalia •faun, n, («°. Punic word), huts, cot- 
tages, hovels, Verg. 

mage = rnajns (q.v.). 

maglCUS -~ -um (fiayirds/ relating to magic 
or enchantment, magical; artes, Verg.; dii, gods 
invoked in enchantments (as Pluto, Hecate, Pro- 
serpina), Tib. 

magis, adv. with compar. (from root MAC, 
with adverbial ending -is), more. I. Of degree, 
more = iu a higher degree. A. Gen., 1, with 
adj. and adv., to form the coinp. of adj. and 
adv. not inflected in the comp., magis neces- 
sarius, Cic. ; 2, witli verbs ; a, foil, by quam, 
more, ratlier . . . than; sed praeterita magis 
reprchendi possunt quam corrigi, Cic. ; b, some- 
times without Comparison, magis aedilis esse 
non potuisset, Cic. B. Particular combina- 
tions, a, non (neque) magis . . . quam, not 
more . . . than, just as much . . . as, Cic. ; b, quo 
magis . . . eo magis, the more . . . the more, Cic. , 
quo magis . . . eo minus, Cic. ; c, eo magis, so 
■much the more, all the. more, Cic; d, with abl., 
impendio magis, considerably morr, Cic; multo 
magis, much more, more by far, Cic; niliilo 
magis, just as little, Cic; solito magis, more 
than usual, Liv. ; e, magis etiain, even more, 
Cic. ; f, magi.s magisque, magis ct magis, more 
and more, Cic. II.= potius, rather, more wil- 
lingly. A. Gen., magis id diceres, si, etc, Cic. 
B. Particular phrases, magis malle = potius 
malle, Cic. ; magis est quod . . . quam quod, or 
magis est ut . . . quam lit, it is more the cause that 
. . . than, etc., Cic. Superl., maxim e (max- 
time, adv. (for magissime, from old magus = 
magnus), in the highest degree, most of all, espe- 
cially, exceedingly, very. I. Of degree, A. Gen. , 
1, with adj., a, maxime fldus, Cic. ; b, to form 
the Superl. of adjectives which are not inflected 
in the superl., maxime necessarius, Cic; c, to 
add force to a superl., aberratio maxime liberal- 
issima, Cic. ; 2, with verbs, a, eupere, velle, 
Cic ; b, where the meaning must in part be sup- 
plied, alicui confldere. maxime, implicitly, Dies. 

B. Particular combinations, a, with units, 
omnium, multo, most of all, far before all the 
rest; unus omnium maxime, Nep. ; multo 
maxime, Cic. ; b, quam maxime, as much as 
possible, Cic. ; ut quisque . . . ita maxime, the. 
more . . . tlie more, Cic ; hoc maxime officii 
est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ea 
potissiinum opituiari, Cic. ; quum maxime, just, 
precisely, Liv. ; quum maxime, just now, Cic. ; 

C, quam or ut qui maxime, in tlie highest pos- 
sible degree, Cic. ; d, non maxime, not altogether ; 
ingenium non maxime defuit, Cic. II. = potis- 
siinum, principally, particirtarly, especially; 1, 
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum im- 
pulit, and most of all Homer, Cic. ; quum . . . 
tunc maxime, both . . . and especially, Cic. ; 2, 
just, exactly; nunc quum maxime, Cic; 3, in 
colloquial language maxime is used to express 
emphatic assent, and with imino, emphatic dis- 
sent ; vos non timetis earn ? Imino vero maxume, 
Sail. 

magister -tri, m. (root MAC, whence 
magnus), master, ruler, president, chief, head, 
director, leader, superintendent. I. Lit, 1, 
populi, dictator, Cic ; equitum, master of the 
horse, the dictator's lieutenant, Liv. ; morum, the 
censor, Cic ; societatis, the director of a company 
formed for fanning the revenue, Cic. ; scripturae 
or in scriptura and portus (of a company that 
farmed the rents, colls, etc.), Cic. ; P. Terentius 
operas in portu et scriptura Asiae pro magistro 
dedit, exercised the functions of vice-director, Cic; 
eleplianti, driver, Liv. ; auctionis, director or 
conductor of a sale by auction, Cic ; cenandi, the 
president of a feast ; navis, a, master, captain, 



mag 



330 



Maj 



Liv. ; b, itehnsman, Verg. ; ludi, schoolmaster, 
Cic; 2, a, the trustee of a bankrupt's estate, Cic; 
b, o teacher ; artium, rcligionis, virtutis, Cic. ; 
nans est magister optimus, Cic; gladiatorum. a 
fencing-master, Cic. II. Transf., an instigator, 
inciter ; magister ad despoliaiuium Dianae 
templuirt, Cic. 

magisterium -ii, n. (magister), the office or 
power of a master, president, chief, director; 
iirorum, the censorship, Cic; sacerdotii, priest- 
hood, Liv. ; me magisteria (convivioruin) de- 
lectant, Cic. 

magistra -ae, f. (magister), a mistress, 
directress, leader; transf., lex aeterna quae 
quasi dux et magistra studiorum, Cie. ; arte 
inagistrS, by the help of art, Verg. 

magistratus -us, m. (magister). I. the 
office or dignity of a magister, a magistracy, 
official dignity, office; magistratum gerere, Cic; 
inire, ingredi. Sail. ; deponere, Caes. ; magistratu 
abire, Cic. II, Meton., a magistrate, high official. 
Magistrates in Rome were either ordinarii— e.g., 
the praetors, consuls, etc ; or extraordinarii— 
e.g., dictator, master of the horse ; curules or 
non curules, according to the seat on which 
they sat ; patrieii or plebeii, according as they 
were taken from the patricians or plebeians ; 
majores or minores, the elections to the former 
taking place in the comitia centuriata, to the 
latter in the comitia tributa ; est proprium 
munus magistratus intelligere se gerere per- 
sonam civitatis, Cic. ; creare magistratus, Liv. 

magnanimltas -atis, f. (magnanimus), 
greatness of soul, magnanimity, Cic. 

magnanimus -a -um(magnusand animus), 
high-minded, courageous, high-spirited, magnani- 
mous, Cic (genit. plur., maguaniuulm, Verg.). 

Magnes -netis, v. Magnesia. 
T Magnesia -ae, f. (Mayii;<n'a). I. a district 
of Thessaly. II. a town in Caria on the Mae- 
ander (now Inek-bazar). III. a town in Lydia 
on Mount Sipyhis (now Manissa). Hence.l 1, 
Magnes -netis, m. (Maynjs). Magnesian ; esp., 
lapis Magnes or simply Magnes, a loadstone, 
magnet; plur. subst, Magnetos -um, m. the 
Magnesians; 2, Magneslus -a -nni, Mag- 
nesian; saxum, the magnet, Luer. ; 3, Mag- 
nessa -ae, f. a Magnesian woman, Hor. ; 4, 
Magnetarcb.es -ae, m. the chief magistrate 
of the Magnesians, Liv. ; 5, Magnetls -Wis, 
f. Magnesian; Argo, built at Pagasae in Mag- 
nesia, Ov. 

Magni Campl -drum, m. a place in Africa 
not far from Utica. 

magnidlcus -a -um (mngnus and dico), 
boastful, PI nut. 

magnlf Ice, compar., magnlf Icentius ; 
superl., magnlf Icentisslme, adv. (magni- 
llcus), a, splendidly, nobly, grandly, pompously, 
nifiiiificently;- habitats, vivere, Cic; b, glori- 
ously; vincere, Cic; c, eloquently, in a lofty 
strain ; collandare aliquein, Liv. ; in a lad sense, 
haughtily, proudly ; loqui tic bello, Sail. 

magnlficontia -ae, f. (lnngniftcus). I. Of 

persons, 1, loftiness of thought and action, high- 

' mi ndedness, ■magnanimity, Cic. ; and in a bad 

eense, boasting, pomposity of language, Cic. ; 2, 

magnificence, splendour ; odit populus Itomanus 

Srivatam luxuriani, publicam magnificentiam 
iligit, Cic. II. Transf., of inanimate objects, 
tplendour, grandeur, magnificence; epularum, 
villnrum, Cic 

magnlf ico, 1. (magnificus), to prize highly, 
tsteem greatly, Plaut. 

magnificus -a -um, compar., magnlf I- 
eentior; superl., magnlf icentisAlmus 



(maginis and facio). I. Of persons, -a, mag- 
nificent, fond of display ; in suppliciis deorum 
magnillci, domi paid, Sail. ; b, glorious, dis- 
tinguished ; vir factis magniflens, Liv.; c, iu- 
posing, dignified; ndhortator, Liv.; d, high' 
souled, lofty; animo exeelso magniflcoque, Cic 
II. Transf., of things, a, splendid, magnificent; 
villa, Cic; b, glorious; aedilitns, Cic.; c, 
dignified, lofty (of language); dieendi genus, 
Cic; and in a bad sense, boastful, pompous ; alia 
magnifka pro se et illis dolentia, Sail. ; d, 
famous, eminent, distinguished ; magniticentis- 
siiuum decretuin, Cic. 

magniloquentia -ae, f. (magniloquus), 1, 
lofty or elevated language ; Homeri, Cic. ; 2, pom- 
pons, boastfid language, magniloquence ; alicuius, 
Liv. 

magniloquus -a -um (magnus and loqucr), 
pompons or boastfulin talk, magniloquent ; os, Ov. 

magnltudo -Inis, f. (magnus), greatness, 

size, magnitude. I. Lit., A. 1, of space, mundi, 
Cic. ; fluminis, Caes. ; 2, of number, great quan- 
tity ; fiuctuum, Cic. ; pecuniae, Cic. II. Transf., 
1, size, importance; a, beneficii, Cic; b, power; 
rcipublicae, Sail. ; 2, greatness, high degree; 
amoria, Cic; aniini, magnanimity, Cic. 

magnopere, and separately magno 
opere, adv. (magnus and opus), greatly, ex- 
ceedingly, very much; nihil mirari, Cic. ; magno- 
pere delectare, Cic. ; non magno opere laboro 
quorsuiu, etc., Cic. ; in the superl., maximopere, 
Cic. ; maximo opere, very greatly, Cic 

magnus -a -um, compar., major -us ; 
superl., maxlmus(maxumus) -a -um (from 
root MAC, whence magis, mactns, macto = 
lieya';), great, large. I. Lit., 1, of size, large, great, 
Udl, long, broad ; domus, Cic. ; monies, Cat. ; lit- 
terae maxiniae, Cic. ; magnae aquae, an inunda- 
tion., Liv. ; 2, a, applied to number, bulk, mass, 
maximum pondus auri, magnum nmnerum fru- 
menti, vim mellis maxiinhin exportasse, Cic. ; 
multitude peditatus, Caes. ; b, of value, high,. 
great, considerable ; ornatus muliebris pretii maj- 
bris, Cic. ; thus abl. magno and genit. magni, at 
a high value, dear ; magni aestimare, to esteem 
highly, Cic ; magni, maximi facere, Cic. ; mr.gno 
emere, Cic; 3, of sound, loud ; vox, Cic; ex- 
clamare ma.jus, in a louder tone, Cic II. A. Of 
time, 1, long ; annus, Verg. ; 2, magno natu, of 
great age, Liv.; and csp. in compar. and superl., 
with or without natu or annis, older; natu 
major (rater, Cic. ; annus natus major quad- 
raginta, Cic. ; Fabii Ambusti filiae dnae nuptae, 
Ser. Sulpicio major, minor Licinio Stolon! erat, 
the. elder to Sulpicius, the. younger to Licinius, 
Liv.; majores natu, the older people, Cic; esp. 
s= the. senate, Cic. ; majores, ancestors, forefathers, 
Cic. ; maxima virgo, the oldest of the I'estals, Ov. 
B. Of importance, 1, great, important, sig- 
nificant; magna et ampla negotia, Cic; rci- 
publicae magnum aliquod tempus, Cic ; 2, a, 
great, powerful, mighty ; propter suuimnm nobil- 
itatein et singularem potentiam magnus erat, 
Cic; b, of talents, ability, distinguished, 
eminent, able; nemo vir magnus sine aliqno 
atllatu divino nmquara fnit, Cic. ; 3, serious, 
heavy, severe; periculum, Caes.; infamia, Cic; 
4, a, strung, high, noble; magno animo, Cic; 
b, proud ; magna verba, Verg. 

Mago (-on) -Onis, m. brother of Hanv.il>al. 

1. magus -i, m. (^idyos), a learned man or 
magician among the Persians, Cic. 

2. magus -a -um, magical; artes, Ov. 

Maja -ae, f. (Maia), the daughter of Atlas, 
who bore Mercury to Jupiter, one of the Pleiades ; 
Maja genitus, Verg., Maja natus, Hor., Maj3 
creatus, Ov., Mercury (ace, Majan, Ov.).. 



maj 



331 



mal 



hiajalis -is, m. a gelded hoar, Varr. ; used 
as a term of reproach, Cic. 

majestas -atis, f. (majus == magnus). I. 
grandeur, dignity, majesty; applied to the gods, 
to all persons in high office, and frequently to the 
Koman people, dii non censent esse suae majest- 
atis, to be consistent with their majesty, Cic. ; 
consulis, Cic. ; patria, the paternal authority, 
Liv.; populi Romani, Cic; majestatem minuere, 
to offend against the sovereignty of the people, Cic; 
crimen majestatis, treason, Cic. ; lex majestatis, 
Cic. II. honour, excellence, splendour; matron- 
arum, Liv. 
; major, inajores, v. magnus, 

Majus -i, m. niensis Majus or simply Majus, 
the month of May, Cic ; used adj., Calendae 
Majae, Cic. 

majusculus -a -urn (dim. of major), some- 
what larger, somewhat greater; in aliqua majus- 
cula cura, Cic. 

mala -ae, f. (contracted for mandela from 
inando, as scala for scandela from scando), 1, the 
cheek-bone, jaw-bone, both in men and animals, 
Verg. ; 2, the cheek; malae decentes, Hor. 

malacia -ae, f. OxaAaicia), a calm at sea; 
tanta subito malacia ac tranquillitaa exstitit ut, 
etc., Cacs. 

malacisso, 1. (jAaAaia'fui), to soften, render 
pliable, Plant. 

malacus -a -um (naAaKds). soft, pliable, 
Plaut. ; fig., effeminate, delicate, Plaut. 

male, adv., compar., pejus; superl., pess- 
Ime (mains), badly, ill. I. Lit., 1, male oleic, 
Cic; male vestitus, Cic. ; L. Antonio male sit, evil 
be to L. Antonius, Cic. ; male audire, to be ill spoken 
of, Cic. ; 2, a, wrongly, improperly, badly ; male 
agere, Cic. ; alicui male faccre, Cic. ; b, unsuc- 
cessfully, unfortunately; suos labores etapparatus 
male cecidisse, Cic. ; c, inopportunely, in the 
wrong place; male salsus, Hor.; d, dishonestly, 
wickedly; male-agere, Cic; Carthago jam diu 
male cogitans, Cic. II. Transf., 1, bitterly; 
male odisse, Caes. ; 2, a, too 'much, excessively; 
malesuperbus, Caes., b, with adj. andpartic, to 
give a directly opposite meaning, male sanus, 
Cic ; male gratus, unthanlcful, Ov. 

Malea -ae, ace. -an, f.. (MaAe'n, MdAeta), jiro- 
montory in Laconia (now Medio di S. Angclo.) 

maledice, adv. (maledicus), culumnionsly, 
abusively, scurrilous!)/ ; dicere, Cic 

laaledicens -cutis, p. adj. (from maledico), 
evil-speaking, abusive, scurrilous; maledicentis- 
aima civitas, Cic. 

maledico -dixi -dictum, 3. to speak ill, 
slander, asperse, abuse, revile; alicui, Cic. 

maledlctio -onis, f. (maledico), a reviling, 
abusing, Cic. 

maledictum -i, n. (maledico), a railing ac- 
cusation, foul, abusive language; maledicta in 
vitam alicuius conjiccrc, Cic; maledicta in 
aliqucm dicere or conferre or congerere, Cic 

maledicus -a -um (maledico), abusive, scur- 
rilous ; conviciator, Cic. 

malefacio -feci -factum, 3. to do an injury, 
to injure ; alicui, Plaut. 

malefactor -oris, m. (malefacio), an evil- 
doer, malefactor, Plaut. 

malefactum. -i, n. (malefacio), an ill deed, 
injury, Cic 

malef ice, adv. (malelicus), maliciously, mis- 
chievously, Plaut. 

maleficium -li, n. (malcficus), 1, an evil 
deed, crime, mischief; maleficium committer?, 
admilteie, Cic; ,so non maleficii causa {with 



hostile intent) ex provincia egressum, Caes. ; sine 
ullo malcflcio, without doing any harm, Caes.; 
2, sorcery, Tac 

maleficus -a -um (malefacio), wicked, malic- 
ious, mischievous; homo, Cic. 

malesuadus -a -um (male and suadeo), ill- 
advising, seductive, persuading to evil, Verg. 

Maleventum -i, n. an old town of the Hir.- 
pint in Samnium, the -name of which the Romans 
changed to Beneventum. 

TEmalevoiens -entis (male and volo), envious, 
malevolent, Plaut. ; superl., malevoleutissimae 
obtrectationes, Cic. 

malevolentia -ae, f. (malevolens), ill-will, 
malice, hatred, malevolence ; malevolentia est 
voluptas ex malo alterius sine emolumento suo, 
Cic. ^ 

malevolus -a -um (male and volo), ill-dis- 
posed, wishing evil, malicious, envious, spiteful, 
malevolent ; alicui, Cic. ; in aliquein, Cic. ; male- 
voli de me sermones, Cic. Superl., v. male- 
volens. Subst., malevoli -orum, in. envious, 
ill-dis)iosed persons, Cic. 

Maliacus sinus (koAttos MaAiaxds), a gulf in 
Thessaly, opposite Euboea.. Hence, Maliensis 
-e, Median. 

malifer -fera -ferum (malum and fero), 

apple-bearing, Verg. 

maligna, adv. (malignus), 1,' maliciously, 
malignantly, enviously; loqui, Cic; 2, stingily, 
sparingly; dividere, Liv. ; laudare, Hor. 

malignitas-atis, f. (malignus), 1, malicious- 
ness, ill-nature, malignity, spite, Liv. ; 2, stingi- 
ness, niggardliness ; malignitas praedae partitae, 
Liv. 

malignus -a -um (opp. benignus, malus 
and gigno). I. of bad disposition, ill-disposed, 
malicious, malignant, wicked; vulgus, Hor.; 
oculis malignis s>pectare, Verg. ; leges, Ov. II. 
A. 1, stingy, niggardly; caupo, Hor. ; 2, transf., 
a, barren, unfruitful; collis, Verg. ; b, small, 
little, scanty; lux, Verg. ; aditus, Verg. B. coy, 
shy, Ov. 

malitia -ae, f. (malus), badness of quality. I. 
loickedness, vice, Sail. II. craft, cunning, malice; 
malitia est versuta et fallax nocendi ratio, Cic. ; 
sometimes used in a playful sense like our 
"roguery ;" tamen a malitia non discedis, Cic. 

malitiose, adv. with compar. (malitiosus), 
wickedly, knavishly, perjidiously ; facere aliquid, 
Cic. 

malitiosus -a -um (malitia), crafty, roguish, 
knavish, wicked ; homo, Cic; juris interpretatio, 
Cic. 

malleolus -i, m. (dim. of malleus), a little 
hammer;' 1, a hammer-shaped slip (of & vine), a 
viallet-shoot Jar planting, Cic; 2, akindofjire- 
dart, Cic. 

malleus -i, in. a hammer, mallet ;' a, gen., 
Liv. ; b, cap., the axe used for slaying animals 
offered in, sacrifice, Ov. 

Malloea -ae, f. town in Thessaly (near mod- 
ern Mologhusta). 

malo, nialfti, malle (for ma volo, from magis 
volo), to choose rather, prefer. I. Gen., a, with ; 
ace, hunc animum, Cic. ; b, with infln., servire 
quam pugnare, Cic; c, with ace and infin., malo 
me vinciquam vincere, Cic. ; with potius, Uticao 
potius quain Romae esso maluisset, Cic. ; with 
magis, Liv. ; d, with nom. and infin., esse quam 
videri bonus malebat. Sail. ; e, with subj., 
mallera cognoscerem, Cic. II. Esp., to be more 
favourable to; in hac re malo universae Asiae et 
negotiatoribus, Cic. 

malobathron (-um) -i, n. (paX.6pa8pov); 



mai 



332 



man 



l t an Indian or Syrian plant, from which a costly 
ointment was prepi'red, Plin. ; 2, meton., the oil 
of the plant, Hor. 

1. malum -i, n., v. mains. 

2. malum -i, n. (n-tjXoiO, an apple, and gener- 
\ ally any similar fruit, as the quince, peach, 

pomegranate, etc., Verg. ; prov., al> ovo usque 
ad mala, from beginning to end (as 1 lie Human 
dinner began with eggs and ended with frnit), 
Hor. 

1. malus -a -um ; com])., pejor -us ; super?., 
pessimus -a -um ; bad. I. Subjective, A. bad, 
physically and intellectually, 1, mali versus, 
Cic. ; loquendi consuetudo, Cic. ; 2, a, incap- 
able; poeta, Cic. ; b, cowardly, iceak; juxta boni 
malique, strenni et imbelles' inulti obtruncari, 
Sail. B. Morally bad, wicked; 1, mala consue- 
tude-, Cic; subst., malus, n villain, Cic; 2, 
in politics, evil-disposal, disloyal, demagogic; 
cives, Sail. II. Objective, 1, adj., a, bad, as 
regards condition, position, etc. ; mala valetudo, 
ill health, Cic. ; mala copia (excess) stomachum 
sollicitat, Hor. ; carmen, a libel, Hor. ; malam 
opinionem habere de aliquo, Cic ; lama, ill re- 
pute, Sail. ; b, unfavourable, unsuccessful, dis- 
advantageous; pugna, Cic; in pejus mere, to 
become worse, Verg. ; auspicium, ill-omened, Cic; 
2, subst,, malum -i, n. an evil; a, bona ant 
mala, gor.d qualities or faults, Sail. ; b, harm, dis- 
usler, evil; no malum habeat, Cic ; mala eivilia, 
Cic. ; inalo essealicni, Cic. ; as:m inti rjection to 
express aversion or dislike, quae, malum, est ista 
tanta audacia atque amentia, what in the world, 
Cic. 

2. malus -i, f. (2. ma\um),anaj>ple-tree,\erg. 

3. malus -i, m. (prob. from root MAC, 
whence magnus), 1, the mast of a ship; malum 
erigere, Cic. ; 2, in the circus, the pole to which 
the awnings were fastened, Li v. 

malva -ae, f. (pakaxn, from /laXa/cds), the 
mallou; Cic. 

Mamers -mertis, in. the Oscan and Sabine 
name of Mars; hence Mamertini -orum, m. 
(sons of Mars), the name assumedby certain mer- 
cenary troops who seized Messana. Adj., Ma- 
mertinus -a-ura, Mamertine; ci vitas, Messana, 
Cic. 

Mamilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 

mamilla -ae, f. (dim. of mamma), a breast, 
teat, pap, Juv. ; used as a term of endearment, 
Plaut. 

mamma -ae, f. (tinij.ua.). I. a breast, teat ; 
a, of men, mamma etbarba, Cic; b, of women, 
mammam inatris appetere, Cic ; c, of the fe- 
males of animals, suibus mammarum data est 
multitude, Cic. II. mother, mamma, Mart. 

mammosus -a -nin (mamma), full-breasted, 
having large breasts, Lucr. 

Mamurra -ae, m. a Roman knight of For- 
miae, praefectus fabrum in Caesar's army in 
Gaul, where he amassed peat wealth; arte 
Mamurrarum, Formiae, Hor. 

manabllls -e (mano), flowing, penetrating ; 
frigus, Lucr. 

manoeps -cipis, m. (manus and eapio). I. 
a person who bought anything at a pidtlic I'gal 
auction, and esp., one who publicly contracted to 
farm state property; a purchaser, farmer, con- 
tractor ; praedae, Cic ; manceps fit Chrysogonns, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a tenant, lessee, Plin.; 2, 
a srnrety, Plant, 

Mancinu3 -i, m., C. Hostilius, consul at 
Rome, delivered up to 'he Numantines in conse- 
quence of a dishononral:/' peace, made, by him with 
them, which the senate refused to ratify^ 



manclpatio -onis, f. (mancipo), a formal 
transfer oj properly ; also purchase, Plin. 

mancipatus -us, m. (mancipo), a sale, Plin. 

mancipium (manciipium) -ii (manus 
and eapio), a taking by the hand, an old form 
of purchase in Rome in the presence of live 
witnesses. Hence, I. Lit., in Roman law, r< 
formal, legal purchase of anything ; lex maneipi 
(lnancipii), the contract of sole, Cic ; mancipio 
dare, to sell formally, Cic; mancipio accipere, t.i 
buy, Cic.; res maneipi, property which coidd be 
acquired by the ceremony of mancipium, Cic. II. 
Meton., a sierra acquired by the process of mvco- 
cipium, Cic 

mancipo (mancupo).l. (manus and eapio); 
1. to transfer by mancipium or formal sale, to 
sell formally; alienos, Plant. ; quaedam man- 
cipat usus. gives a title to, Hor. ; transf., to give 
up to ; saginae mancipatus, Tac 

mancus -a -um, 1, maimed, crippled, lame; 
maucus et omnibus membris captus ac debilis, 
Cic; 2, transf., imperfect, incomplete, defective; 
virtus, Cic. ; praetura, Cic. 

mandator -oris, m. (mondo), one who sub- 
orns accusers or informers, Snet. 

mandatum -i, n. (mando), a commission, 
charge, injunction, order; and esp., a verlioi 
commission, message; a, dare alicui mandata ut, 
etc., Cic; mandata efticere, Cic., perllcerp, 
Liv., to execute a commission; negligere, fallcre, 
fail to execute, Ov. ; mandato men, by -my com- 
mand, Cic. ; b, mandati judicium, an action for 
the non-performance of a commission, Cic. 

mandatus, abl. -u, in. found only in nlil, 
sing, (mamto), a commission, order, injunction ; 
mandatu meo, Cic 

Mandela -ae, f. a town in the Sabine country. 

1. mando, 1. (perhaps for manui or in manum 
do). I, to commit to the charge of entrust, 
deliver; alicui magistratum, Cic ; aliquem 
aeternis tenebris, Cic; corpus humo, to bury, 
Verg.; sefugae, to take to flight, Cacs. ; aliquid 
memoriae, to commit to memory, Cic; litteris, i 
seriptis, to commit to writing. II. to enjoin, 
order, command, commission; a, with ace., 
typos tibi mando (sc comparandos, emendos), 
Cic. ; Rhodiaca vasa mandavi, ordered, Cic, ; 
b, with ut. or ne and the snbj., or simply the 
subj., tibi mandavit ut, etc., Cic; Trebonio 
mandaverat ne, etc, Cic. ; huic mandat, Remos 
adcat, Cic 

2. mando, mandi, mansum, S. (/u.au, /ud<r<ri.i\ 
to chew, masticate. I. animalia alia sugunt, aiia 
eai'punt, alia vorant, alia mandunt, Cic ; equi 
fulvum mandunt sub dentibus auruni, champ 
the bit, Verg.; humum, to bite the ground 
(cf. mordcrc humum), of those who fall in 
battle, Verg. II. to eat, devour, consume; lore, 
Liv. 

mandra -ae, f. dxdvSpa),l,a stall, eattle-pcn, 
Mart.; 2, a herd of entile, Juv.; 3, a two oj 
pawns, on a draught-board, Mart. 

Mandubii -orum, m. a people in Gallia 

Ccltiea, with a capital Alcsia (now AH**). 

manducus -i, m. (2. mando), a mask to 
represent a. glutton, Plaut. 

Mandurfa, -ae, f. a town in Lower Italy, 
between Aletium and Turentum. 

mane, subst, indecl. n. the early morning, 
dawn of morning ; ad ipstini mane, Hor.; inulto 
mane, very early in the morning, Cic Adv., in, 
the. morning, at early morning ; hodie mane, early 
this morning, Cic. ; bene mane, very early in the 
morning, Cic. 

maneo, inansi, mansum, 2. (iixvui). I. 
Intransit., to remain, stay in any rilacr., A. 



man 



333 



man 



seu niatieant, seu proliciscantur, Caes. ; in 
patria, Oic. ; ad exei'citum, Caes. B. 1, to stay 
the night ; apud mo, Cic. ; sub Jove frigido, 
Hon ; 2, a, to remain, endure, last; nihil buo 
statu manet, Cic. ; b, to remain fast, continue 
steadfast in; in amicitia, Cic; involuntate, Cic; 
in conditions, to abide by, Cic. ; 3, to wait, 
Plaut. ; transf., to wait for, await; cuius fatum 
tibi manet, Cic. II. Transit., a, to wait for; 
hostium adventuin, Liv. ; b, to await as fate or 
destiny ; quia mo nianct cxitus? Ov. 

manes -lum, m. (lit.= boni, the good). I. 
the shades of the departed, the spirits of the dead; 
dii manes, Cic ; of the shade of a single person, 
patria Anchisae, Verg. II. Transf., 1, poet., 
the lower world, infernal regions, Verg. ; 2, the 
punishment of the lower world; quisque suus 
patimur manes, Verg.; 3, corpse, ashes, remains ; 
accipiet manes parvula testa meos, Prop. ; 
omnium nudatos manes, Liv. 

mango -orris, m. (pdyyavov), 1, a dealer in 
articles, which he seeks to sell by rubbing up, fur- 
bishing, etc. ; a roguish dealer, Plin., Quint. ; 2, 
esp., a slave-dealer, Suet. 

manica -ae, f. (manus). I. the long sleeve of 
the tunic reaching to the hand, and serving as a 
glove, Cic II. Transf., handcuff, manacle, 
Hor., Verg. 

manicatus -a -um (manica), having long 
sleeves ; tunicae, Cic. 

mamcula -ae, f. (dim. of manus), a little 
.hand, Plaut. 

manifestarius -a -um (manifestus) plain, 
visible, evident, manifest, Plaut. 

manifesto, adv. (manifestus), plainly, 
visibly, evidently, manifestly, Verg. 

1. manifesto, adv., v. manifestns. 

2. manifesto, 1. (manifestus), to manifest, 
show clearly, reveal, discover; aliquein, Ov. 

manifestus -a -um (manus aud *feudo, lit. 
struck with th; hand), clear, visible, evident, 
manifest. £'. manifestae et apertae res, Cic. ; 
mauifestum atque depreheusum scelus, Cic. ; 
adv., manifesto, dearly, plainly; manifesto 
deprehendere, comprehendere, comperisse, Cic 
IT. caught in, manifestly betraying; uti eos 
maxime manifestos habeant, caught in the act, 
Sail. ; with genit. of crime, rerum capitalium, 
Sail. ; vitae, giving evident signs of life, Tac 

Manilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 
C. Manilius, tribune of the people, B.C. (57, the 
author of the Lex Manilla, which gave to Potnpcius 
the sole command in the Mithridalic War. 

manipretium — inanuprotium (q.v.). 

manipularis (maniplaris) e (manipu- 

lus), belonging to a titan iple ; judex, chosen from, a 
manipletfvam the common soldiers), Cic Subst., 
manipularis -is, in, a common soldier, Cic 

manipularius -a -um (manipulus), belong- 
ing or relating to aprivate soldier, Suet. 

manipulating adv. (manipulus), 1, in 
bundles or handfuls, Plin. ; 2, milit. t. t., in 
maniples; manipulatim structa acies, Liv. 

manipulus (poet, maniplus) -i, ni. 

(manus and * pleo), a handful. I. Lit., a small 
bundle or handful; filicum manipli, Verg. II. 
Transf., a. company of foot soldiers, a division of 
ihe Roman army, three maniples forming a cohort 
(io called because in early times the standard was 
a pole with a bundle of hay at the top), Caes. 

Manlius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 
I, M. Manlius Capitolinus, who repulsed the 
attack of the Gauls upon the Capitol, afterwards 
thrown from the Tarpeian rock, on suspicion of 
aiming at kingly power. II, L. Manlius and 



his son T. Manlius, who received the surname of 
Imperiosus from their severity. Hence, adj., 
Manlianus -a -um, Matdian, relating to Man- 
lius ; turba, seditio, Liv. ; Manliana imperia, 
severe commands, Liv. Subst., Manlianum 
-i, n. an estate of Cicero's. 

1. mannus -i, m. (a Celtic word), a small 
horse of Gaulish breed, highly prized by the 
Romans for its swiftness, Liv. 

2. Mannus -i, m. a god of the Germans, son 
of'l'uisco, Tac. 

mano, 1. I. Intransit., to flow, run. A. Of 
fluids, fons nigra sub ilice manat, Ov. ; aliqua 
re, to flow, run, drip with anything, Cic. ; Her- 
culis simulacrum multo sudore nianavit, Cic. 
B. Of the air and other things, to flow, spread; 

I, aer, qui per maria manat, diffuses itself, Cic ; 
2^ transf., to proceed, come from; peccata ex 
vitiis nianant, Cic ; 3, to spread abroad, spread, 
be diffused; malum nianavit per Italiam, Cic. 

II. Transit., to exude, give out; lacrimas (of a 
statue), Ov. ; tig., mella poetica, Hor. 

mansio -onis, f. (maneo). I. a remaining, 
stay, sojourn ; in vita, Cic. II. a station, halt- 
ing-place, night-quarters, Plin. 

mansito, 1. (iutens. of maneo), to abide, slay, 
sojourn, remain; sub eodeni tecto, Tac. 

mansuefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass, man- 
suefio -factus sum -fiSri (mansues and facio). 
I. Lit., of animals, to tame; uri mansuefieri uon 
possunt, Caes. II. Of men, a, to soften, pacify; 
plebem, Liv. ; b, to civilise; a quibus mansue- 
facti et exculti, Cic 

mansues -is or -etis (manus and sueo), tame, 
Plaut. 

mansuesoo -sucvi -suetum, s. (manus and 
suesco). I. Transit., to tons, Verg. II. Intransit., 
to become tame, grow tame, to become mild, soft- i 
ened ; nesciaque huinanis precibus maiisuescere " 
corda, Verg. 

mansuete, adv. (mansuetus), mildly, gently, 
quietly, Cic. 

mansuetudo -Inis, f. (mausuetus). I. lame- 
ness, Pliu. II. Trausf., mildness, clemetocy, gentle- 
ness ; imperii, Cic ; uti dementia et mausuetu- 
dine in aliquein, Caes. 

mansuetus -a -um, p. adj. (from mansu- 
esco), tame. I. Lit., of animals, sus, Liv. II. 
Transf., mild, soft, gentle, quiet; mansuetus in 
senatu, Cic : lit mpnsuetissimus viderer, Cic. ; 
Musae mansuetiores (of philosophy, rhetoric, 
etc., as opposed to contentious and political 
eloquence), Cic. 

mantele (mantile) -is, n. and man- 
tclium -ii, n. (manus), <(. towel, napkin, Verg. 

mantelium -ii, n. = mantele (q.v.). 

manteium (mantelium) -i, n. a covering, 
veil, concealment, Plaut. 

mantica -ae, f. a wallet, knapsack, saddle- 
bag, Hor. 

Mantinea -ae, f. (Havriveia), a town in Ar- 
cadia, scene of the victory and death of Epamin- 
ondas. 

1. manto, 1. (freq. of maneo), to remain, wait, 
wait for, Plaut. 

2. Manto -us, f. (Mai*™). I. daughter, oftht 
Theban seer Tiresias, mother of the.seer Jtefisus. 
II. an Italian prophetess, mother of Ocnus, tht 
founder of Mantua. . 

Mantua -a«, f. a town in v.orth Italy, on th« 
river Mincius, near to the birthplace of Virgil. 

mftnualls -e (manus), adapted, fitted to .tha 
hand, fitting the hand, relating to the hand; &axa, 
thrown by luxni-^Jw. ^. 



man 



Oivl 



Mar 



minublac -arum, f. (maims), 1, the mourn 
Mained from the sale of booty, esp. the general's 
share, who usually spent it in erecting some public 
building ; porticum dc liiannbiis Cimbrieis fecit, 
Cic. ; transf., the profits of an office; manubias 
alicui cuncedere. Cic. ; plunder, 'booty, Suet. ; 2, 
In augury, a flash of lightning, Sen. 

manubialis -e (inanubiac), of or relating to 

booty, Suet. 

manublarfus -a -inn (inanublae), of »v re- 
lating to bootn, l'laut. 

manubrium -ii, u. (manus), a haft, handle; 
mircuru vasis, Cic. 
■ manuf ... v. uianif . . . 

manuleus -i, ni. (mauus), the long sleeve of 
a tunic, Plaut. 

manfimisslo -onis, f. (mamimitto), the 
emancipation or manumission of a slave, Cic. 

manumitto -misi -missum (rnanus and 
mitto), 3. to manumit, emancipate a slave; 
aliquem, Cic. 

mSnupretium (manipretium) -ii, n. 
(often found in two words, mauus pretium), 
wages, hire, pay, Cic; transf., a reward; perditae 
civitatis, Cic. 

manus -us, f. (connected with |xau, to touch), 
the hand. I. Lit. and fig. A. Gen., mam'. . 
dextera, laeva, Cic. ; accipere aliquid manibus, 
Ctc. ; manus adhibere vectigalibus, lay hands on, 
rob, Cic. ; conferre ferrumet manus, Cic. ; manus 
dare, to surrender, Cic. ; deponere aliquid do 
manibus, Cic. ; elabi de manibus, Cic. ; esse in 
manibus, 1, to be in, our hands; oratio est in 
manibus, can be read, is well known, Cic. ; 2, to 
be in preparation ; liber mihi est in manibus, 
Cic; 3 5 (o be near, to be present, Caes.; sod eece 
in manibus vir et praestantissimo ingenio, etc., 
Cic; fugere e manibus, Cic; iavare manus, 
Cic. ; prehenderc alicuius manum, Cic, aliquem 
mami, Cic; ne manum quidem vertere alicuius 
rei causa, not to move a finger, not to talc any 
trouble, Cic. Particular phrases : victoriain in 
•minibus videre, at hand, Cic. ; ad manum esse, 
to be near at hand, Liv. ; servum sibi habere ad 
manum, as a private secretary, Cic. ; (La manu, 
with one's own hand; facere, Cic.; dc manu in 
manum tradere, to give from one's hand into the 
hand of another, Cic. ; plena manu, liberally; 
plena manu alicuius laudes in astratollore, Cic; 
per manus, with the hand*; irahere, Cae;-. ; from 
hard to hand; traditae per manus religiones, 
Liv.; manibus aequis (with equal advantage, after 
a drawn battle) dirimere pugnam, Liv. B. Esp. 
1, the fist, used for courage, force, violence ; 
manu capere urbes, Sail. ; 2, hand to hand fight ; 
res venit ad manus atquc ad pugnam, Cic/; T>, 
abl. manu, by manual labour, ?>>/ art, artificially; 
manu sata, sown 61/ hand, Caes. ; urbs manu 
munitissima, Cic; 4, power, jurisdiction ; haec 
non sunt in manu nostra, Cic. II. Meton., 1, 
the hand, i.e., the work of the artist or craftsman; 
extrema, the finishing touch, Cic; extrema manus 
non accessit eius operibus, Cic; 2, handwriting ; 
redco ad meam manum, / have begun again to 
write with my own hand, Cic III. Transf., 1, 
the trunk of an elephant, Cic; 2, manus ferrea, a 
grappling-iron used in naval warfare, Caes. ; 3, 
•a, a band or body of men; conjuratorum, Cic; 
t>, an armed band; manum facere, Cic, con- 
tlucere, Caes., cogere, Caes. 

mapalia -lum, n. (a Tunic word), huts, 
"hovels, the movable habitations of the African 
Nomads, Sail. 

mappa -ae, f. 1, a table-napkin, Hor. ; 2, a, 
cloth or napkin thrown down in the circus as a 
signal for the races to begin, -Juv. 



Marathon -onis, m. and f. (NapaSt!*), a 
plain in Attica, where the Persian army was 
defeated by the Athenians, Adj., Marathonius 
-a -urn, Marathon inn. 

Marathos -i, f. (Mapa0o?), a Phoenician town 
opposite to the island of Aradun. Adj., Mara- 
thenus -a -um, belonging to Marathos. 

marathrum -i, n. (ftipafipov), fennel, Ov. 

Marccllus -i, in. the cognomen of an illust- 
rious family of the gens Claudia. I. M. Claudius 
Marccllus, the- conqueror of Syracuse, defeated 
Hannibal at Nolo, slew Viridomarus king of the 
Insubres with Ins own hand. II. M. Claudius 
Marccllus, an. enemy nf Caesar's, but afterwards 
pardoned by him. III. M. Claudius Marccllus, 
nephew, adopted son, and son-in-law of the Em- 
peror Augustus. Hence, Marcellia -drum, 
n. the festival of Marccllus, a festival of the family 
of Marcellus in Sicily, Liv. 

marceo, 2. I. to wither, to droop, Mart. 
II. Transf., to he faint, languid, feeble, lazy, 
either from old age or indulgence ; maiccut 
luxuria, Liv. 

marcesco, 3. (marceo). I. to begin to droop, 
Plin. II. Transf., to languish, grow weal;, feeble; 
vino, Ov. ; desidia, Liv. 

marcidus -a -um (marceo), 1, faded, wither- 
ing, drooping; lilia, Ov. ; 2, transf., enfeebled, 
languid, heavy, besotted from immoderate indulg- 
ence in eating, drinking, or sleeping ; somno aut 
libidinosis vigiliis, Tac 

Marcius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were: 1, Aneus 
Marcius, fourth king of Borne; 2, L. Marcius, « 
Itoman knight, who commanded in Spain on the 
death of Scipio. Adj., Marciun; aqua, an aque- 
duct commenced by Ancus Marcius, restored by Q. 
Marcius Rex; saltus (in Liguria, so called from 
the defeat of Q. Marcius, 18S B.C.), Liv. Hi nee, 
Marcianus -a-um, Marcian; foedus, made by 
L. Marcius with the inhabitants of Cadiz. 

Marcomani and Marcomanni -drum, in. 

« powerful German tribe. 

marcor -oris, m. (marceo), rottenness, decay, 
put n faction, Plin. 

Marcus -i, in. a common Itoman praenomen, 
gen. abbreviated M. 

marc -is, n. the sea. I. Lit ., marc Aegacum, 
Cic; marc oceanus, Caes.; nostrum marc, the 
Mediterranean Sea, Caes. ; superum, the Adriatic, 
Cic. ; inferom, the Tuscan Sea, Cic. ; conclusum, 
inland sea, Caes. ; clausum, not navigable, Cic ; 
marc ingredi, to go to sea, Cic. ; mare infestum 
habere, )o infest the sea (of pirates), Cic ; terra 
manque, by sea and land, Cic; polliceri maria 
ct montes, to make boundless promises, Sail. II. 
Meton., sea-water,; Chitun maris expers, unmixed 
with sea-water, Hor. 

Marea -ae, f. or Mareota -ae, f. (Mapc'u), 
a lake and city of Lower Egypt, famous for its 
wine; hence, adj., 1, Mareoticus -a -um, 
Mareotlc, Egyptian; Bubsfc., Mareoticum -i. 
n. Mareotlc wine; 2, Mareotis -idis, f. poet. 
= Egyptian ; vites, Vfirg. 

margarita -ae, f. (jxafyapi-rrf;) and mar- 
garitum -i, n. a pearl, Cic 

margino, 1. (raargo), to make a border to. to 
border, Liv. 

margo -litis, in. and f. I. a border, edg ; 
scuti, Liv.; fontis, 0\: II. Transf., boundary; 
imperii, Ov. 

Marica -ae, f. a nymph to whom a rjroce ".ear 
Mintnrnae was sacred; poet., a lake near iliiu 
tuniae-named Offer her, Ho*i 



mar 



335 



Mas 



marmus -a -um (mare), of or relating to the 
s?«, marine; marini terrenique Uumores, Cic. ; 
ros, rosemary, Hor. 

marisca -ae, L 1, a large jig, Mart. ; 2, the 
piles, Juv. 
■ maritai v. niaritus. 

maritalis -e (niaritus), relating to marriage 
<>!' u marrwl pair, conjugal, matrimonial, marital; 
vestis, Ov. 

maritimus (maritumus) -a -um (mart), 

I, of or relating to the sea, marine, maritime; 
praedo, a pirate, Cic. ; imperiuin, « naval com- 
mand, Cic; 2, wi </ie sea or on the sea-coast; 
civitas, Cacs. ; bilva, Cic. bubst., niarltima 
-drum, n. maritime region, places on the sea-coast, 
Cic. 

inarito, 1. (maritus). I. to wed, marry, give 
in marriage; principem, Tac. II. Transf., of 
plants, to bind one to another, to train one on, 
another, Hor. 

maritus -a -um (mas). I. Adj., 1, lit., of 
or relating to marriage, matrimonial, nuptial; 
foedus, Ov. ; Venus, conjugal love, Ov.; domus, 
houses of married people, Liv. ; 2, trahsf., of 
plants, tied or trained together ; ulmus, Cat. II. 
Subst., 1, maritus -i, m. a, a husband, Cic. ; 
b, a lover, suitor, Prop. ; c, transf., of animals, 
maritus oleus, the he-goat, Hor. ; 2, marita 
-ac, f. a wife, Hor. 

Marius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens, 
the most distinguislied member of which was C. 
Marius, seven times consul, conqueror of Jugurtha 
and the Cimbri, rival of Sulla, leader of the 
popular party at Rome. Adj., Mo.rian. Hence, 
Marianus -a -um, Marian. 

Marmarica -ae, f. a district in Africa be- 
tween Egypt and the Syrtes, now Barka. Hence, 
Marmarides -ae, in. a man of Marmarica. 

marmor -oris, n. Oidpp.apos). I. marble. 
A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., 1, a marble statue, 
Ov. ; duo marmora, Ov. ; in plur., public monu- 
ments, Hor. ; 2, the white foamy surface of the 
sea; marmor iniidmn, Very. II. Transf., stone 
generally, Ov. 

marmoreus -a -um (marmor). I. marble, 
made of marble; signum, Cic; aliquem marmor- 
eiun facerc or ponere, to make a marble statue of, 
Verg. II. Transf., like marble in smoothness or 
colour; cervix, Verg.; gelu, Ov:; aequor, Verg. 

Maro -onis, m. the cognomen of tlie poet P. 
. Vergilius, v. Vergilius. 

Marobcduus -i, m. king of the Suevi, who 
was defeated by Arminius, fled to ltcdy, and was 
kindly received by the Romans. 

• Maronea (-la) -ae, f. (Mopui-eio). I. a town 
of Italy in the Samnite country, now Marano. 

II. a town in Thrace, now Marogna. Hence, 
Maronites -ae, m. a Maronite. 

Marpessus (Marpesus) -i, m. a mountain 

in the Island of Paros. Adj., Marpessius 
(Marpesius) -a -um, Marpessian. 

marra -ae, f. a hoc for rooting vp weeds, Juv. 

Marrubium -ii, n., v. Marruvium. 

Marrucini -drum, m. a people on the coast 
of Latium, between the Frentani and the river 
Atemus. Hence, adj.. Marrucinus -a -um, 
of at belonging to the Marrucini. 

Marruvium (Marrubium) -ii, n. capital 
of the Marsi, on the banks of the Lacus Fucinus, 
now S. Benedetto. Adj., Marruvius -a -um, 
of or belonging to Marruvium. > 

Mars, Martis, m. (poet. form. Mavors). I, 
.Y-rj, ihjs gol of liar. A- Lit., Mare Qtitems, 
Liv- £> Metc-n., lj u&r, haul*, fight; a, lit., 



Hectoreun, with Hector, Ov. ; invadunt martem, 
begin the fray, Verg. ; suo marte cadunt, in tight 
with one another, Ov.; feiniueo niHite cadere, in 
fight with a ' " . Ov. ; prov., suo marte, by 
one's own rcsoit . vex suo marte res suas re- 
cupeiavit, Cic; esp., manner of fighting ; cquilcm 
suo alicimque martu puguarc— i.e., Mh on hnrse 
and on foot, Liv. ; b, transf., of legal dispute.*, 
forensis, Ov. ; 2, the fortune or issue of war ; aequo 
marte, Liv. ; mars belli communis, Cic. ; 3, 
bravery, warlike spirit; si patrii quid martis 
habes, Verg. II. Transf., the planet Mars, Cic. 
Adj., Martius, Martlalis (q.v.). 

Marsi -oruni, in. I. tlie Marsians, " people 
of Latium, notorious as sorcerers and snake- 
charmers. Adj., a, Marsicus -a -um, Marsic; 
bellum, the Social War, Cic ; b, Marsus -a 
-um, Marsian ; ueuia, enchantments, Hor. II. 
a people in Germany, between the Rhine, theLippe, 
and the Ems. 

marsupium -ii, n. (napo-vinov), a money- 
bag, purse, pouch, Plaut. 

Marstfas -ae, in. and Marsya -ae, in. (Map- 
crua;). I. a satyr, beaten in a musical contest 
with Apollo, who flayed him alive. A statue of 
Marsyas stood in the Roman forum, at the spot 
where lawyers transacted their business. II. a 
river in Phrygia Major, flowing into the Maeander. 

1. Martlalis -e (Mars), 1, of or relating to 
Mars, consecrated to Mars; tiainen, Cic; lupi, 
sacred to Mars, Hor. ; plur. subst., Martiales, 
m. the priests of Mars, Cic. ; 2, relating to the 
Legio Martia ; milites, Cic 

2. Martlalis -is, m. M. Valerius, tlie ale- 
bratcd Roman epigrammatist of Bilbilis in Spain, 
who flourished under the emperors JDomitian, 
Nerva, and Trajan. 

Marticola -ae, c (Mars and colo), a wor- 
shipper of Mars, Ov. 

Mar tigena -ae, c (Mais and geno =z gigno), 
begotten of Mars, offspring of Mars, Ov. 

Martius -a -um (Mars). I. of or relating to 
the god Mars, sacred to Mars ; a,' lit., inensis, the 
month of March, Plin. ; Calendae Martiae, the Is} 
of March. Cic. ; proles, Romulus and Remus, Ov. » 
miles, Roman (as Mars was considered to 1> t 
the ancestor of the Roniau j>cople), Ov.; Cainpiu 
Martius, the plain of Mars at Rome, Cic; gramin* 
Martio, or tlie Campus Martius, Hor. ; Martia 
legio, name of a Roman legion, Cic. ; b, metou.. 
warlike; Peiitlicsilea^ Verg.; Thebe, scene of 
many wars, Ov. II. Transf., belonging to the 
planet Mars ; fulgor rutilus horribilisque terns 
quern Martium dicitis, Cic 

Marus -i, m. a river in Dacia, now the 
Marosch. 

mas, maris, in. the male (opp. femina), ap- 
plied to men, animals, and plants. I. Lit., a 
prima congressiono maris et feminae, Cic. ; mas 
vitellus, a male yolk, i.e., that would produce a 
male chick, Hor. ; applied to plants, ure mares 
oleas, Ov. II. manly, vigorous; animi mares, 
Hor. ; male mas, unmanly, effeminate, Cat. 

Masaesuli and Masaesyli -drain and 
-run, m. a people in Numidia. 

masculinus -a -um (masculus), of the male 
sex, masculine, Phaedr. 

masculus -a -um (dim. of mas), of the male 
sex, male. L. Lit., tura, Verg. ; libido, Hor. 
Subst., masculus -i, m. a male, Liv. II. 
Transf., masculine, manly, bold, courageous; 
proles, Hor. 

Maslnlssa -ae, m. Urigof Xumidia. .fo.'hzr if 
Mia/pea, gravfyatfer of Jvrjr'?.c, cVj of th» 
Soman*, 



mas 



3;j(-; 



mat 



mass a -ae, f. (p.d£a), a lump, mass ; picis, 
Verg. ; esp., a, lactis coacti, of cheese, Ov. ; b, 
of metals, Pliu. ; absol., a mass of gold, Ov. ; 
copper, Verg. ; c, chaos, Ov. 

Massagetes -ae, in. (Macrtrayt'rr)?), plur., 
Mussagetae, a Scythian people on the east coast of 
the Caspian Sea. 

- Massicus -i, m. a mountain in Campania, 
famous for its wine, now Monte Masso or Mas- 
sico; hence, Massicum vinum, or subst., Mas- 
sicum -i, n. Massic wine, Hor. ; so, humor 
Massicus, Verg. 

Massllla -ae, f. a celebrated town in Gallia 
Narbonensis, colonised from Plwcaea in Asia 
Minor, now Marseilles. Adj., MassIHcnsis -e, 
of or belonging to Massilia. 

Massyli -drum, in. and (poet.) -um, a people 
in yum id ia. Adj., MassyluS -a -um, poet. 
= African; equitcs, Verg. 

mastigia -ae, m. (jxacmyias), a loorthless 
fellow, scoundrel, lit., one who deserves a whip- 
piny, Plant. 

mastruca (mastruga) -ae, f. (a Sardinian 
word), a rough garment of sheep-skin, used as a 
term of reproach, Plaut. 

mastrucatus -a -um (mastruca), clothed in 
the mastruca, Cic. 

matara -ae, f. and mataris (materis) 

-is, f. (a Celtic word), a Gallic pike, Caes. 

matellio -onis, in. (dim. of matulu), a small 
pot, vessel, Cic. 

mater, matris, f. OiTJnjp), a mother. I. Lit., 
1, of men, a, dc pietate iu matreni, Cic. ; 
raatrem fieri dc Jove, to become pregnant by, Ov.; 

b, esp., (a) = woman, wife, Liv. ; (/3) applied to 
a nurse, Verg. ; (y) to goddesses, Mater Terra, 
Liv. ; magna mater, Cic, or simply, mater 
(sc. deornin), Cyhele, Verg. ; Amorum, Venus, 
Ov. ; 2, of animals, dam, parent, Verg. ; 3, a, 
of piants, the parent stem, Verg. ; b, of towns, 
mother-city ; Populonia mater, Verg.; c, of 
"countries, haec terra quain matreni appellajnus, 
Liv. II. Meton., motherly love ; simul matreni 
labare sensit, Ov. III. Fig., source, origin; 
mater omnium bonarum artium est sapientia, 
Cic; utilitas justi prope rnater ct aequi, Her. 

matercula -ae, f. (dim. of mater), a little 
mother, Cic. 

materia -ae, f. and materies -Si, f. (mater), 
matter, material, stuff of which anything is com- 
posed. I. Lit., A. Gen., materia rerum, Cic. ; ma- 
ter- -n praebet seges arida, fuel, Ov. ; materiain 
supdrabat opus, Ov. ; esp., building materials; 
•lelata materia omnis infra Veliani, Liv. B. Esp., 
1, wooil; a, green wood; materies vitis, tlie stem, 
Cic. ; b, wood for building, timber, Cic; ma- 
teriain caedcrc, Liv. ; 2, provisions, Ov. II. 
Trans?., 1, mailer, Muff, materials; ad jocaiidom, 
Cic; artis, Cic ; 2, incitement, occasion, cause; 
peditionis, Cic; .. ..uni sinnnii materies inali, 
Hor.; materiam dare invidiae, Cic; 3, natural 
disposition, abilities; Catonis, Cic 

materiariUS -a -um (materia), of or relating 
to timber, Plin. Subst., matcriarius -ii, ni. 
a timber merchant, Plaut. 

t materies -ei, f. = materia (q. v.). 

materio, 1. (materies), to build, construct of 
wood; aedes male materiatae, of bad wood-work, 
Cic 

materior, I., dep. (materia), to fell wood, 
profj.ri wood, Caes. 

materis = matara (q. v.). 

materncs -a um (mater), of ox relating to 

c. matter, mzteni.l; sanguis, Cic; tempera, 
period of pregnc,\cy, Ov. ; nobilitas, on the 



mother's side, Verg.; Caesar cingens materna tem- 
pore lnyrto (i.e., of Venus, mother of Aeneas 
and myth, ancestress of the Julian gens), Verg<- 

matertera -ae, f. (mater), a mother's sister, 
maternal aunt, Cic 

mathematicus -a -um (ua0rmaTiKds). I. 
Adj., mathematical, Plin. II. 1, subst., ma- 
thematicus -i, m., a, « mathematician, Cic; 
b, an astrologer, Tac. ; 2, mathematlca -ae, 
f., a, mathematics, Sen.; b, astrology, Suet. 

MStinus -i, in. a mountain in Apulia, famous 
for its honey. Hence, adj., Matinus -a -um, 
Matinc. 

Matisco'-onis, f. town of the Aedui in Gaul, 
now Macon. 

Matius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 

Matralia -Turn, n. (mater), the annualfestival 

of the Mater Matuta, celebrated on the llih of 
June, Ov. 

matricida -ae, c (mater and caedo), a, per. 
son who murders his mother, a matricide, Cic. 

matricidium -ii, n. (matricida), the slaying 
of a mother by her son, ■matricide, Cic 

matrimonium -ii, n. (mater). I. marriage, 
matrimony ; aliquant in matrinioniuni ducere, 
to marry, Cic. ;dare alic.ui llliu.ni in matrimonium, 

Cic ; habere aliquam in ltiatrimoiiio, Cic. ; ali- 
quam ex matrimonio expellere, Cic. II. Meton., 

niatiimonia, married women, 'J'ac. 

matrimus -a -um (mater), having a mother 
still living, Cic. 

1. matrona -.ie, f. (mater), a married woman, 
matron ; esp., an honourable, noble, respectable 
lady, Cic ; an epithet of Juno, Hor. ; more rarely 
= wife, Cic 

2. Matrona -ac, m. a river in Gallia Lugdu- 
nensis, now the Manic. 

matronalis -c (matrona), of or relating to a 

married woman, fit for a matron, matronly; decus, 
Liv. ; feriae Matronahs, a festival of the Roman 
matrons held in honour of Juno Lucina on the 
1st of March (hence called femineae caleudac), 
Juv. 

matta -ae, f. a mat of rushes, Ov. 

mattca -ae, f. (fiarTva), a dainty dish, a 
dainty, Mart. 

Mattiacum -i, n. a town near the modern, 
Wiesbaden ; hence, Mattiacus -a -um, relating 
to Mattiacum. 

matula -ae, f. « vessel, pot; as a term of re- 
proach, simpleton! Plaut. 

maturate, adv. (maturatus from maluio), 
rjnickly, Plaut. 

mature, adv. (nialunw). I. »' //"■ right 
time, seasonably, tipjmrtimely : scnlire, Cic. ; sniis 
mature occuiTere, Caes. II. 1, in good time, 
betimes, soon, early; senem fieri, Cic; maturing 
prolicisci, Caes. ; maturissiuie rem viiulicare, 
1 !ic. ; 2, too soon, prematurely ; mature decessit, 
Nep. 

maturesco, matuiui, 3. (maturus). I. to 
ri}>rn, becomeripe; quum maturescere fruntenta 
iuciperent, Caes. II. tn come to 'maturity; 
partus inaturesennt, Ov. ; nubilibus niaturuit 
annis, Ov. 

maturitas -.tHp. f. (maturus), ripeness. I, 

Lit., of fruity, frugum, Cic. II. Transf., a, f 
development, ripeness, maturity; suelerum matur- 

itasin nostri consulates tempus erupit, Cic. ; of 

the development of the mind ; aetatisad prudeut- 
iam, Cic. ; b, the right moment of time, fulness of 
titne; eius rei maturitas uequedum venit, Cic. 

mature, 1. (maturus). I, Transit., A. Lit 
to make fruits ripe, to ripen; uvas, Tib. ; maturata 



mat 



337 



med 



Uvu, ripe, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to do early, betimes; 
liuilta . . . quae lnaturare datur, Verg. ; -2, to 
quicken, hasten, accelerate; huic uiorteui, Cic. ; in- 
sidias cunsuli. Sail. ; iter, Caes. ; fugaui, Verg. ; 
with infill., to hasten, wake haste to do anything ; 
flumen exeicitum transducers niaturavit, Caes. ; 
oro ut matures venire, Cic. ; ni Catilina niatur- 
asset siguuui dare, had been too hasty in giving the 
signal, Sail. II. Intransit., to hasten, make haste; 
successor tuus non potest ita niaturare, Cic. 

maturus -a •am. I. ripe, A. Of fruits, 
pnina, Cic; uva.Verg. B. ripe, mature, perfect, 
seasonable; 1, lit., physically, a, maturi soles, 
powerful, Verg. ; b, ripe in point of aye, grown 
■up, marriageable; Virgo, Hor. ; with dat., yirgo 
matura viro, Verg. ; progenies matura militiac, 
ripe for, Liv. ; also aged, of ripe years; senex, 
Hor.; maturus aevi, Verg.; aetas, Hor.; 2, 
transf., a, intellectually and morally, ripe in 
understanding and character ; annis gravis atque 
animi maturus Aletes, Verg. ; b, ripe, developed, 
mature, timely; gloria, Liv.; maturum vidc- 
batur (it seemed the proper time) repeti patriam, 
Liv. II. 1, early; liienis, Caes. ; decessio, Cic. ; 
2, transf., quick, speedy; judicium, Cic. 

Matuta -ae, f. the goddess of the early mom ; 
gen., Matuta Mater, an ancient Italian goddess, 
identified with Ino or Leucothca. 

matutinus -a -urn, early in the morning, 
pertaining to the morning ; tempora, Cic. ; equi, 
horses of Aurora, Ov. ; pater, Janus invoked in 
the morning, Hor. 

Mauri -dram, m. (MaOpot), the Moors, in- 
habitants of Mauritania; hence, 1, Maurus -a 
•mn, Moorish; poet., African, Carthaginian ; 2, 
Mauritania -ae, f. Mauritania, a district in 
Africa, between Numidia and the Atlantic Ocean. 

Maurusia -ae, f. (Maupovo-t'a), Mauritania. 
Adj., Maurusius -a -uin, Maurilanian, also 
poet, fur African. 

MauSOlUS -i, m. (Mai'«rwAos), king of Carta, 
husband of Artemisia, who erected a splendid 
monument to his memory. Adj., Mausoleus 
-a -uni, belonging to Mausolus ; sepulchrum, or 
gen. subst, Mausoleum -i, n. the tomb of 
Mausolus; or, in general, any splendid sepulchre, 
Suet,_ 

mavdlo = inalo (q.v.). 

Mayors -vortis, m., archaic and poet, for 
Mars. Adj., Mavortlus -a -uin, belonging to 
Mars, Martial; moenia, Home, Ov. ; tellus, 
Thrace, Verg. ; proles, the Thebans, Ov. ; subst. , 
Mavortiu.s, Meleagcr, the son of Mars, Ov. 

maxilla -ae, f. (dim. of mala), the jaw-bone, 
jaw, Cic. 

maxime, supcrl. of magis (q.v.). 

maximitas -atis, f. (maximus), greatness, 
size, Liter. 

maximopere, v. maguoperc 

1. maximus, superl. of niaguua (q.v.). 

2. Maximus, v. Pabius. 
mazonSmus -i, m. (jiafoi-d/uos), a charger, 

large dish, Hor. 
meamot, nieapte, v. meus. 

meatus -Qs, m. (meo), 1, a going, 2^assing 
motion; aquilae, flight, Tac. ; 2, a way, path, 
passage; Danubius in Ponticum mare sex meat- 
ibus(r;iov27>.j)erumpit, Tac. 

Mecastor, v. Castor. 

meddix -ieis, m. (Oscan metideicos, giver of 
counsel), the name of a magistrate among the 
Oceans; with the addition, tutieus, nieddix tuti- 
cus, chief magistratt, Liv. 

Medfa -ae, f. (M>j6ciu), an enchantress, 



daughter of king Acetes in Colchis; helped Jason, 
the Argonaut, to obtain the golden fleece, fled away 
willi him, afterwards deserted by him. 

Models -Idis, f. (Medea), magical, Ov. 

medens -entis, m. (partic. of medeor), subst., 
a physician, Ov. 

medeor, 2. dep. to heal, to cure ; 1, lit., a, of 
persons, witli dat., morbo, Cic. ; b, prov., quum 
capiti mederi debeam, reduviam euro, to neglect 
a great evil while taking care of a. small one, Cic. ; 
of things, to do good to, be good for, Liv. ; 2, 
transf., to heal, assist, alleviate; iucouimodis 
omnium, Cic. ; afflictae et perditae reipublicae, 
Cic. 

Midi -urum, m. (M17S01), the Mules ; poet. = 
the Persians, Assyrians, 1'arthians; sing., Medus, 
the Mede, poet. — Persian. Hence, a, Media -ae, 
f. (Mij&'b), Media, a district of Asia ; flumeii, 
Euphrates, Hor. ; b, Medicus -a -um, Median ; 
transf., Assyrian, Persian; c, Medus -a -urn, 
Median, poet. = Persian, Assyrian. 

mediastinus -i, m. (medius), a slave who 
performed menial offices, a drudge, Cic. 

medica -ae, f. (M>)SiK>i), lucerne, clover, Verg. 

medicabilis -e (medicor), curable; nullis 
amor est medicabilis herbis, Ov. 

medicamen -inis, u. (medicor), a drug, 
medicine, medical substance. I. Lit., A. In a 
good sense, Cic. ; fig., iratae medicamina fortia 
praebe, Ov. B. In a bad sense, poison, poisonous 
draught, Tac. II. Transf., 1, colouring matter, 
dye, and esp., rouge, j>aint, Cic. ; 2, an artificial 
means of improving a natural product, Plin. 

medicarnentum -i, n. (medicor), a drug, 
medicine, remedy. I. Lit., A. salutarc, Cic. ; 
fig., remedy, cure; doloris, Cic. B. a poisonous 
drug, poison, Cic. ; coquere medicamenta, Liv. 
II. Transf., a colouring substance, Aye, Cic. ; tig., 
fucati medicamenta ruboris et candoris, Cic. 

1. medicatus -a -um, p. adj. (from medico), 
healing, medicinal, Plin. 

2. medicatus -us, in. (medicor), a means of 
enchantment, charm, Ov. 

medicina -ae, f., v. medicinus. 

medicinus -a -um (medicus), relating or 
belonging to the art of healing. I. Adj., Van - . 
II. Subst. medicina -ae, f. A. (sc. ars), the 
art of healing ; niedicinam exercere, to practise 
medicinf, Cic. ; medici'iam facere alicui, tn heal, 
Cic. B. (sc. res), means of heeding, medicine; 
niedicinam adhibere, Cic; fig., cure; laboris, 
Cic. 

medico, l. (medicus), to heal, cure; 1, to 
sprinkle with medicinal juices, to medicate, drug : 
semiua, Verg. ; partic, medicatus, e.g., medicatae 
sedes, medicated, sprinkled with a preparation, 
Verg. ; somnus, procured by drugs or magic, Ov. ; 
2, to dye ; capillos, Ov. 

medicor, 1. dep. (medicus), to heal, cure; 
alicui, Verg. ; aliquid, Verg. 

1. medicus -a -um (medeor), healing, whole- 
some, medicinal. I. Adj., ars, Ov. II. Subst., 
medicus -i, m. a doctor, physician; inedicuni 
ad aegrum adducere, Cic. 

2. Medicus, v. Modi. 

medie, adv. (medius), moderately, Tac. 

medietas -atis, f. (medius), the middle, 
midst, that which is in the middle, translation of 
the Greek /xeo-ori);, Cic. 

medimnum -i, n. and mSdlmnus -i, m, 
(uibifivos), a Greek measure of capacity, contain- 
ing six Roman medii, Cic. (genit. plur., gen. 
medimnum). ' 

mediocria -e (ruedius), vwdaate, middling. 



med. 



33S 



Meg 



X. Lit., spatiuin, Caes. II. Transf., ], middling, 
mediocre, tolerable-, indifferent; orator, vir, Cic*. 
elorjuentia, Cic. ; 2, moderate, calm ; aninms, 
Cacs. 

medlocritas-atis, f. (mediums), 1, modera- 
tion, medium, the menu between excess uiul defect ; 
mediocritatcni iliain tencrc qunc est inter nitiii- 
uni et parum, Cic; aureaui mediocritatem dilig- 
erc, the golden mean, Hor. ; plur., mediocrilates 
probabanfc, moderation in passion, Cic; 2, 
city, inferiority, insignificance; ingciiii, 
Cic. 

mcdldcritcr.u'h'. (iiiclinciis), 1, moderately, 
tolerably, not extraordinarily ; ucmo mediocriter 
ductus, Cic; in uliqua ro mediocriter vensatum 
esse, Cic. ; 2, with moderation ; aliquid now 
mediocriter ferre, Cic. 

Mediolanum -i, n. and -lanium -ii, n. 
town in Cisalpine Caul (uow Milan). Hence, adj., 
Mediolanensis -e, belonging to Mediolanum. 

Mediomatrici -Orum, m. apeople in Gaul, 
on the Moselle. 

Medion -onis, in. (MeSiW or MeScW), town 
in Acarnania. Hence Medionii -orum, m. 
the inhabitants of Medion. 

medioximus (medioxiimus) -a -urn 
(medius), that which is in the middle, the mid- 
most ; dii superi atque inferi et inedioxumi, 
between the celestial awl infernal deities, Plant. 

mcditaruentum -i, n. (meditor), a thinking 
upon anything, preparation ; in plur., belli medi- 
tamenta, Tac. 

meditate, adv. (meditatus, from meditor), 
with meditation, designedly,thor«ughly, Plaut. 

meditatio -onis, f. (meditor). I. a thinking 
over anything, contemplation, meditation; 1, 
gen., futuri mali, Cic; 2, esp., a preparation for 
anything; obeuudi muneris, Cic. II. practice, 
exercise; locos multa comraentatione atque medi- 
tationejparatos atque expeditos habere, Cic. 

meditatus -a -um, partic. of meditor. 

mediterraneus -a -um (medius and terra), 
inland, far from the sea, (op p. mariUmus); reg- 
iones, Caes.; urbs, Cic; iter, Liv. Subst, 
mediterraneum -i, u., gen. plur., mediter- 
ranea, inland country; mediterranea Galliao 
petit, Liv. 

meditor, 1. dep. (connected with peKe-raio, 
as lacrima with iaKpvov). I. to think over, con- 
sider, meditate; 1. gen., a, with ace, liaec mid- 
la, Cic; b, with deand the abb, de sua ratione, 
Cic; c, with rel. sent., niecntn, quid dicerem, 
Cic; 2, esp., to think upon anything in pre- 
paration, study, prepare oneself for, meditate, 
intend ; a, with ace, alicui pestem, Cic; accusa- 
tionem, Cic. ; b, with ad and the ace, ad prae- 
dam, Cic; c, with in and the ace, in proelia, 
Verg. ; d, with inftn., ruultos anuos regnare, Cic. 
II. Transf., to practise, exercise oneself; Demo- 
sthenes perfecit meditando, ut, etc., Cic; partic, 
meditatus -a -um, pass., meditated, considered, 
reflected, prepared, devised; meditatutn et eogit- 
atum scelus, Cic. 

medium -Ii, n. the middle, v. medius. 

medius -a -um (connected with lUaos -rj -oi>). 
the middle, midmost, midst. I. Lit., 1, of space ; 
a, gen., medius mundi locus, Cic; b, partitive, 
= the middle of; in foro medio, the midst of the 
foYu/m, Cic. ; c, subst., medium -ii, n. the midst, 
the middle point; medium ferire, Cic; aliquein 
in medium accipere, into their midst, Liv. ; ob- 
scoenas voluptates faciles, communes, in medio 
sitas, available to all, Cic. ; tabulae sunt in medio, 
in every one's vievi, Cic ; rem in medium vocare, 
to bring before a court of law, Cic. ; aliquem tol- 
Itre de medio, 10 remove out of rhe vau, to murder, 



Cic. ; 2, of time, a, gen., nltimum, proximum, 
medium tempus, Cic; mediis dkbus, in the 

intervening days, Liv. ; of age, media aetas, 
middle age, Cic; b, partitive "= the middle if,- 
medius dies, the middle of the day, Ov. ; c, 
subst, medium -ii, n. the middle; jam diei 
medium erat, Liv. II. Fig., 1, that which stands 
between two extremities; a, gen., qnnm inter bcl- 
lum et paccm medium nihil sit, no middle thing, 
■no mean, Cic. ; b, standing between lico views or 
parties, neutral, intermediate; medium quendam 
cursum tenebaut, Cic. ; medium sc gerero, to 
keep oneself neutral, Cic. ; medios esse jam 3 ■ • • 1 1 
licebit, Cic; c, ordinary, common, usual, mid- 
dling; gratia non media, Liv. ; 2, a, containing 
a mixture oftieo opposites ; medium erat in Auco 
ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor, Liv. ; 
b, acting as mediator ; medium sc oft'ert, Verg.; 
mediis diis, Ov. ; 3, coming between two persons 
to disturb or separate ; quos inter medius venit 
furor, Verg. 

medius fldius, v. fidius. 

medix, medixtuticus, v. meddix. 

medulla -ae, f. (medius), marrow of bones; 

I, lit., cum albis ossa medullis, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
the inmost part ; mihi haeres in medullis, / love 
yon from the bottom of my heart, Cic. 

Medullia -ae, f. a town in Latimn, colony of 
Alba (now St. Angela). Hence, adj., Medul- 
linus -a -um, of or belonging to Medullia. 

medullitus, adv. (medulla), in the very 
marrow; tig., inwardly, cordially, Plaut. 

medullula -ae, f. (dim. of medulla), mar- 
row, Cat. 

1. Medus -i, m., v. Medi. 

2. Medus -i, m. (MrjSos). I. a river in Persia, 
now J'olwar ; poet, adj., Median iiumen, Her. 

II. son of Medea, title of a tragedy by Paeuviiis. 
Medusa -ae, f. (Me'Souo-a), the daughter oj 

Phorcus, mother of the horse Pegasus by Neptune, 
one of the Gorgons, slain by Perseus. Hence, adj., 
Medusacus -a -um, Medusean; equus, Pega- 
sus, Ov. ; fons, Hippocrene, Ov. 

Megabocohu3 (Megaboccus) -i, m. 
Cains, fellow-conspirator with Catiline. 

Megacra -ae, f. (Me'ympa), one of the Fui it s. 

Megale -es, f. (MfyaAr;), the Great One, 

name of Cybele. Hence, a, Megalcnsis -e, 

belonging to the Magna Mater (Cybele) ; gen. 
subst, Mcgalcnsia -ium.n. and Megalesia 
-ium, n. the festival annually celebrated on the 4th 
of April, in honour of Cybele, the Magna Mater; 
b, Megalesiacus -a -um, relating to this 
festival. 

Megalopolis, ace -im, f. and Megale 

polls, ace -in, f.(MeyaXo7ToAi?and MeyaA>) rroAts), 
a townin Arcadia , birthplace of Polybins. Hence, 
a, Megalopolitae -arum, m. the inhabitants 
of Megalopolis ; b, adj., Megalopolltanus 
-a -um, o/or belonging to Megalopolis. 

Megara -ne, f. aud Megara -Orum, n. 
(Mc'yopo, to). I. a townin MegarisQww Magara). 
II. a town in Sicily (now Cattaro). Hence, a, adj. 
Mcgarensis -e, Megarian; b, Megareus 
-a -um, Megarian; c, Megareus -83 and -eos, 
m. of Megara ; d, Megarious -a -um, Mega- 
rian. Subst, Megarici -orum, philosophers 
of the Megaric school, disciples of Buclides; e, 
Megarus -a -um, Megarian. 

1. Megareus v. Megara. 

2. Meg&reUS -eos, m. (Meyapev's), son oj 
Xeptjine, father of Hippomenes. Hence, Mega- 
rcius -a -um. relating 'o Megareus; hercs, Kip- 
pomenes, Ov. 



Meg 



339 



Mem 



MegariS -Mis, f. (Meynpi;). I. " district in 

Greece. II. a town in Sicily, also called Megara. 

megistanes -urn, in. (ney«r™»<«), grandees, 
magnates, nobles, Tac. 

mcherclc, meliercule, melterculcs, v. Her- 
cules. 

mejo, 3. to make water, Hor. 

mel, mollis, n. Oie'Ai), honey. I. Lit, .stilla 
inellis, Uie. ; plur., roscida mella, Vcrg. ; prov., 
of a vain attempt, mella peterc in medio liu- 
mine, Ov. II. Transf., sweetness, pleasantness; 
)>oetica mella, Hor. J hoe juvat et nielli est, is 
pleasant, Hor.; as a term of endearment., Sem- 
proiiius, mel ae dclieiae tuae, ap. Cic. 

Mela -ae, m., Pomponius, a Roman writer on 
geography under the Emperor Claudius. 

Melampus -pSdis, ui. (MeAa/xn-oiis), a cele- 
brated physician and soothsayer, sou if Amythaon. 

melancholicus -a -um GieAayxoA«ds), 
having black bile, melancholy, Cic. 

Melanthius -H, m. Q-UKavBios), the goat- 
herd of Ulysses. 

Melantho -us, f. (M«-Aai/&J), a sea-nymph, 
daughter of Deucalion. 

Melanthus -i, m. (MoW6o 5 ). I. a river of 
Sarma'.iu. II. king in Athens, father of Codrus. 
HerJcc, adj., Melantheus -a -um, of or relating 
to Melanthus. 

melanurus -i, m. (ntXdvovpos), a kind of 
sca-jish, Ov. 

Melas, ace. -ana and -an, m. (Me'Aas). I. a 
river of Sicily, now Mela. II. a river of Thessaly. 
now Mavra-neria. III. a r,iver in Thrace, now 
Kavatch. 

melculum -i, n. and melciilus -i, m. 
(mel), little honey (a term of endearment), Plaut. 

Meldi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Celtica. 

Meleager and Meleagrus (-os) -i, m. 
(MeAe'aypos), son of Oeueus, king in Calydon, and 
of Althaea; his life depended on the preservation 
of an extinguished fire-brand, which was burnt by 
his mother in anger at the death of her brother by 
the hand of Meleager. Hence, Meleagris -idis, 
f., plur., Meleagrides, a, sc. avesorgallinae, 
guinea-fowls, Plin. ; b, the sisters of Meleager, 
who, according to the legend, -were clumged to 
guinea-fowls on his death. 

1. Melcs -etis, m. (M<?A>]s), a river near 
Smyrna, where Homer is_ said to liave been born. 
Hence, adj., a, Mcleteus -a -um, belonging to 
Melcs, poet., Homeric; b, Meletinus -a -um, 
belonging'to Melcs. 

2. Meles -lam, f. a place in Samnium. 

Mcllboea -ae, f. (MeAi'/3oia), a town in Thes- 
saly on Mount Ossa, birthplace of Philoctctes. 
Hence, adj., Mcllboeus -a -um, Meliboean; 
dux, Philoctetes, Verg. 

Melicerta (-es) -ae, m. (MeAiKt'pTTjs'), son of 
Athamas and Ino; I no plunged with him into 
the sea to escape the fury of her husband, and 
thereupon Melicerta was changed into a sea-god, 
called Palaemon by the Greeks and Portumnus by 
the Romans. 

melicus -a -um (neAiicos), musical, Lucr. ; 
esp., lyrical, lyric; poema, Cic. 

M61I6 -es, f. (MtAi'o), a nymph beloved by the 
river-god Paachus. 

melilctos -i, f. (/ieAiAuros), a species of clover, 
Ov. 

lnelimeluin -i, n. (p.t\ifiri\ov), a honey- 
apple, a kind of sweet apple, Hor. 

nielior -us, com p. of boaus (q-v.). 



mclisphyllum and melissophyllon -i, 

n. (/juAicro-o^uAAor), balm, a plant if which bees 
arc very fond, Verg. 

Melissus -i, m. (M«'A«roros). I. n Greek 
philosopher if Santos. II. C. Maecenas Melissus, 
the freed man of Maecenas, and. librarian to Au- 
gustus. 

Melita -ae, f. and Mcllte -Os, f. (MtAinj). 
I. the island of Malta. II. an island near Dal- 
matia, now Melcda. III. (form -e) " sea-nymph. 
Adj. , Melitensis -e, of or belonging to the island 
of Malta; vestis, Cic; and subst, Mclltcnsia 
-luni, n. Maltese garments, Cic. 

meliusculc, adv. (meliuscuhts), somewhat 
better, pretty well (in health) ; alicui est, Cic. 

mcliusculus -a -um (dim. of compar. 
melior), somewhat better in health. Plant. 

Mella -ae, m. a river in Upper Italy, now 
Mela. 

inelliculum -i, u.= melculum (q.v.). 

mellifer -fera -ferum (mel and fero), pro- 
ducing honey; apes, Ov. 

mellitus -a -um (mel), sweetened with honey; 
placenta, Hor. ; transf., as sweet as honey, 
pleasant, agreeable, delightful, Cat. 

1. melos, n. Oe'Aos), a tune > so " n > melody, Hor. 

1. Melos -i, f- (MijAo?), «»_ island of the 
Aegaean Sea. Hence, adj., Melius -a -um, 
Melian. 

Melpomene -es, f. (MeAn-oneVrj), the muse 
of tragic and lyric poetry. 

membrana -ae, f. (membrum). I. a skin, 
membrane, in the human or any animal body; 
natura oeulos membranis teuuissimis vestivit, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, the skin or slough of a 
snake, Ov. ; 2, esp., skin prepared to write on, 
parchment, Hor. ; 3, surface of anything, Lucr. 

membranula -ae, f. (dim. of membrana), 
a little membrane; transf., parchment, Cic. 

membratini, adv. (nicmbrum), 1, limb by 
limb; deperdere sensum, Lucr. ; 2, transf., piece- 
meal, singly; quasi membratim gestum negotiant, 
Cic; of discourse, in short, detached sentences; 
dicere, Cic. 

membrum -i, n. I. a limb or member o) 
the body, Cic. ; eaptus (crippled) omnibus me.ni- 
bris, Liv. II. Transf., a, a limb, member, part, 
portion of anything; omnes eius (philosopliiae) 
partes atque oniiiia membra, Cic. ; b, an apart- 
ment of a house; cubicula et eiusmodi membra, 
Cic ; c, a clause in a sentence, Cic. 

memini -nisse (connected with moneo, mens, 
Gr. neiivu, ixvdu). I. to remember, recollect, be 
mindful, bearinmind; (a) with genit., vivorum 
memini, Cic. ; (jS) with ace, dicta, Cic. ; (y) with 
de, dc Herode et Mettio meminero, Cic. ; (6) with 
rel. sent., meministi quanta esset, etc., Cic. ; 
(e) with ace. and iufin., memini te narrare, Cic ; 
(£)with infm., Hor.; (n) absol., ut ego meniinisse 
videor, Cic. II. Transf., to make mention of, to 
mention; de exsulibus, Cic. 

Memmius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, 
to whichbelongedC. Memmius, the friend of Cicero 
and Lucretius, who was condemned for bribery and- 
went into exile at Athens. Heuce, a, Memmi- 
ades -ae, m. one of the Memmian ge)is, a Mem- 
mius ; b, Memmlanus -a -um, belonging to 
Memmius. 

Mcranon -5uis, m. CbUtivinv), king^ in Aethi- 
opia, son of Tithonns and Aurora, killed before 
Troyb'i Achilles; mater lutea Memnonis, Aurora, 
Ov.; Memnonis saxa effigies, a statue of Memnon 
war Thebes, which gave forth a note on being 
J struck by the first rays of the s%n, Tac. -Hence, 



mem 



340 



Men 



a, adj., Memnonis -Wis, f. of or relating to 
Memnon; subst., Memnonldes -um, f. the 
birds of Memnon, birds which arose from his 
ashes; b, Meinnonius -a -um, Memnonian; 
transf., eastern, Moorish, Muck. 

memor oris (meiuini). I. mindful, not 
forgetful. A. Gen., 1, of persons, (a) with 
genit., beneflcii, Cic.; (<3) witli rel. scut., memor 
quae cssent dicta, Cic; (y) absol., lnemori 
animo notavi, Ov.; 2, transf., of things, memor 
libertatis vox, Li v. B. Esp., 1, a, remxmiber- 
ing, thankful, grateful; minium inemor nimi- 
umquc gratus, Cic'; b, unappeasable, relentless; 
inemorem Junouis ob Irani, Vetg. ; 2, thought- 
ful, Verg. ; 3, with a good, memory, retentive : 
inemor an obliviosus sit, Cic II. Act, remind- 
ing of, calling to mind; intlieii memor poeina, 
Ov. (abl. sing., Iiiemoi'i always). 

memorabilia -e, adj. with compar. (mem- 
pro), remarkable, worthy of mention, memorable ; 
rir, Liv. ; virtus, Cic. 

memorandus -a -um (memoro), worthy of 
being remembered, memorable ; of persons, juvenis 
nicmorande, Verg. ; of things, proelimn, Liv. 

memdrator -oris, m. (memoro), a narrator, 
relater, Prop. 

1. memoratus -a -um, p. adj. (from memoro), 
celebrated, veil known ; inter paucas unemorata 
populi Romani clades, Liv. 

•2. memoratus -us, m. (memoro), a mention, 

mentioning, Plaut. 

memcrii -ac, f. (memor). I. Gen. A. Lit., 
1, of the past, remembrance, memory; primam 

sacramenti memoriam, Caes. ; Pompeii memor- 
iam amisisse, Cic. ; deponere, to forget, Caes. : 
memoria alicuius(rei)excIdit,orabiit, or abolevb. 
it has fallen into oblivion, it has been, forgotten, 
Liv. ; memoriae prodere, Cic. and Nip., or 
haderc, Liv., to commit to writing, to leave on 
record (of historians) ; viri digni memoria, worthy 
of remembrance, Cic. ; 2, of the future, thinking, 
thought; periculi, Liv. ; 3, meton., recollection; 
nostra, memoria, in our recollection, Cic. B. 
Transf., handing down, by word of mouth or by 
writing, tradition, history, information ; de 
hominum memoria (oral evidence) tacere ; litter- 
arum memoriam (written evidence) rlagitarc, 
Cic. ; aliquid prodere memoria., by word if mouth, 
Caes. ; memoria ac litteris, by word »f mouth and 
by writing, Cic. II. capacity for remembering, 
memory ; memoria bona, melior, Cic. ; aliquid 
memoriae mandarc, Cic. ; memoria comprehend- 
ere or complecti aliquid, to remember, Cic. 

memdrialis -e (memoria), of or relating to 

memory or remembrance, Suet. 

memoriola -ae, f. (dim. of memoria), 
memory, Cic. 

memoriter, adv. (memor), by heart, from 
memory; oratiouem memoriter habere, Cic. 

memoro, 1. (memor), to mention, call to 
viind, recount, relate; (a) with ace, artibusquas 
supra memoravi, Sail. ; (/3) with dc and the abb, 
de magna virtute, Sail. ; (y) with ace. and infin. . 
id factum per ambitionein consulia inemor- 
abant, Sail. ; in pass, with nom. and infin., ubi 
ea gesta esse memorantur, Cic. 

Memphis -idls, f. (>IeV£i«), a celebrated city 
of Egypt. Hence, a, Memphites -ae, m he- 
longing to Memphis; bos, Apis, Tib. ; b, Mem- 
phiticus -a -um, belonging to Memphis; c, 
Memphitis -idis, f. belonging io Memphis, and 
poet. = Egyptian; vacca (of Io), Ov. 

Menae -arum, f. (MtVai), town in Sicily, now 
Veneb. Adj., MSnaenus -a -um, o/Menae.] 
Menander -dri, m. (MtVartyos), a Jameut 



Greek comic poet, imitated by Terence. Ad,]., 
Menandreus -a -um, Menandrian. 

Menapxi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Celt ice, 

between, the Meuseand the Scheldt. 

menda -ae, f., v. memlum. 

mendacium -ii, n. (mendax). I. a lie, 
falsehood, untruth; impudens, Cic. ; mendacium 
alicnitis refellere et redarguere, Cic. II. d tit, 
deception ; oculorum reliquorumqne sensuum 
mendacia, Cic. 

mendaciunculum -i, n. (dim. of meu- 
dacium), o little lie, Cic. 

mendax -aeis (mentior). I. lying, menda- 
c&otK ; homo, Cic. Subst., mendax -aeis, m. 
a liar, Cic. II. OL inanimate objects, deceitful, 
counterfeit, false, -untrue; visa, Cic; speculum, 
Ov. ; fundus, bearing less than the expected crop, 
Hor. 

Mendes -etis, f. (MeYSijO, « 'own in Egypt 
on the Nile. Hence, adj., Mendesius -a -um, 
Mcndcsian. 

mendlcabulum -i, n. (mendico), a lieggar, 

Plant. 

mendicitas -atis, f. (mendicus), the con- 
dition of a beggar, indigence, poverty, Cic. 

mendico, 1. and mendicor, 1. dep.(mcn- 
dicus). I. [ntransit., to beg, go begging, Plaut. 

II. Transit., to beg for; mcndiiatus erbus, 
Ov. 

mendiculus -a -um (dim. of mendicus), '» r - 
longing to a beggar, Plaut. 

mendicus -a -um, poor'as a beggar, beggarly, 
indigent. I. Lit., of persons, solos sapientes 
esse, si meudicissimi (sint), divitcs, Cic. Subst., 
iiiendicus -i, m. a beggar, Cic; plur., men- 
dici, the begging priests of Cybele, Hor. II. 
Transf., of things, paltry, pitiful, beggarly; in- 
strument uni, Cic. 

mendose, adv. (mendosus), faultily, erron- 
eously, incorrectly ; scribere, Cic; mendosissime 
scriptum esse, Cic. 

mendosus -a -um (mendum). I. Toss., full 
of faults; a,, full of physical blemishes; nee equi 
mendosa sub illo deteriorque viro facies, Ov. ; 
b, full of inaccuracies ; historia rerun i nostrarum 
est facta mendosior, Cic ; c, yoet.,fu!l of moral 
blemishes; mendosi mores, Ov. II. Act., making 
a mistake; cur servus semper in Vermeil nomine 
mendosus esset, Cic. 

mendum -i, n. and menda -ae, f. I. a 
bodily defect, blemish, Ov. II. a, an error, mis- 
take, in writing; quod mendum iatalitura cor- 
rexit? Cic; b, a mistake in reasoning or calcula- 
tion, Cic. 

MenecleS -is, 111. (MeveKArjs), an Asiatic, 
rhetorician of Alabanda. Hence, adj., IVIenec- 
lius -a -um, of ox relating to Menecles. 

MenelaUS (-OS) -i, m. (Mere'Aaos). son of 
Atreus, brother of Agamemnon, husband of Helen. 
Hence, adj., Menelaeus -a -um, of or relating 
to Mentions. 

MeneniUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens, 
io which belonged Menenius Agrippa, consul, 
said to have composed the differences between the 
patricians and the plebeians on the secession of 
the latter. 

Meninx CMenix) -in?is, f. (Minvf), an 
island near Africa, now Jerbi. 

Menippus -i, m. (yUvmiros). I, a Cynic 
philosopher. II. the greatest' of the Asiatic era- 
tors of the time of Cicero. 

Me'noecetiB -8i and -eos, m. (Mcvoikcvs), son 
of the Theban king Creon, who sacrificed. his lifs 
for his country inobcdieiv.e to an orqelz, 



Men 



341 



mer 



Menoetiades -ae, m. (Mt-romaSr)?), the son 
of Menoetins, i.e., Patroclus, Ov. 

mens, mentis, f. (root MEN, whence memini), 
themind. I. A. the mind, opinion, ivay of think- 
ing, character; vestrae mentes atque sentciitiae, 
Cic B. the wind as tlte seat of feeling ; 1, gen., 
mens mollis :cil perferendas calamitntes, Cic; 
2, esp., the conscience, Cic. II. the mind, under- 
standing, reason, intellect, judgment. A. Gen., 
mens cni regnum totitis animi a natura trihutum 
est, Cic.; mente eomplectialiquid, to comprehend, 
Cic. ; mentis suae esse, mentis compotem esse, 
to be in possession of one's faculties, Cic. ; captus 
mente, insane, Cic. B. Esp., 1, reflection, in- 
sight ; sine alia mente, Cic; 2, courage; addere 
meuteui, to inspire courage, Hor. ; demitteie 
mentem, to lose coinage, Verg. ; 3, passion, Hot. ; 
4, the thoughts ; a, venit (mihi) in mentem, it 
occurs to me, I remember, Cic. ; temporis, Cic. ; 
non venit in mentem pugna ? Liv. ; classem ea 
mente comparavit, ut, with that intention, Cic. ; 
b, esp., opinion, plan, resolve; mutajam istam 
mentem, Cic. C. Person., Mens, as goddess of 
understanding, Cic. 

mensa -ae f. (perhaps from root MEN, whence 
eininere, anything raised np), a table, 1, esp., 
a table, for eating upon; a, lit.,' mensas cibis 
exstruere, Cic. ; mensam ponere, to bring in 
dinner, Ov. ; tollere, Cic, removcre, Verg., 
to take, dinner away ; b, metcm., a course ; mensa 
secunda, dessert, Cic; 2, a, the. table or counter 
of a money-changer, banker; publico, a public 
bank, Cic. ; b, a sacrificial table, altar, Verg. 

mensarius -li, m. (mensa), a money-changer, 
banker, esp., a public banker who regulated the 
payments out of the. treasury, Cic. ; mensarii tres- 
viri, quinqueviri, Liv. 

menslo -onis, f. (metior), a measuring ; voe- 
um, Cic. 

mensis -is, m. (root MEN, whence /^v, p.i)vg, 
English month), a month; intercalarius, Cic. 

mensor -oris, m. (metior). I. a measurer; 
maris el terrae, Hor. II. a measurer of land, 
Ov. 

menstrualis -e (menstruus), monthly, Plant. 

menstruus -a -urn (mensis). I. monthly; 
usura, Cic. IL lasting for a month; spatium, 
Cic. ; subst, menstruum -i, n. (sc. frumen- 
tum), victuals, rations for a month, Liv. 

mensula -ae, f. (dim. of mensa), a little 
table, Plant. 

mensura -ae, f. (metior), a. measuring. I. 
Lit., mensuram abcuius rei facere, to measure, 
Ov. II. Meton., a measure; 1, length, thick- 
ness, size, circumference, etc. ; a, of space, nosse 
mensuras itinerant, Gaesi; b, of time, alicnimen- 
snram bibendi dare, Ov. ; 2, a measure, that by 
which anything is measured; majore mensura 
reddere, Cic ; qui modus mensurae medimnus 
appellator, which species of measure, Nep. ; 3, 
measure = size, nature, diameter; mensuram 
nominis implere, to be worthy of one's name, 
character, capacity, Ov. ; legati, Tac. 

' menta (mentha) -ae, f. (niV9i)), the herb 
mint, Ov. 

mentiens -entis, m., partic of mentior, as 
subst., a fallacy, sophism, Cic. 

mentio -onis, f. (memini), a speaking of, 
mention; mentionem facere alicuius rei, or dc 
aliqua re, or do aliquo, to make mention of, to 
mention; esp., to bring before the senate, Cic; 
casu in eorum mentionem incidi, / mentioned 
them accidentally, Cic. ; alicuius rei mentionem 
movere, to mention, Liv. 

mentior, 4. dep. (mens), to lie, utter that 
which is not true, v:hether intentionally or not. I. 



Intransit., A. Gen., 1, of persons, si te mentirt 
dicis, venimque dicis, mentiris, Cic. ; apertc, 
Cic. ; in aliqua re, de. aliqua re, Cic. ; 2, transf., 

of inanimate objects, to deceive, mislead; frons, 
oculi, vidlus peisaepp ineittiuntnr, Cic. B. 1, 

of poets, (o feign, invent; iia meutitur (Hum- 
erus), Hor. ", 2, to fail in a promise, break oar* 
word ; quod promisisti mihi, quod mentita, m- 
imica es, Cat.; men tin huiiestius, Cic. IX. 
Transit., A. to say something falsely, to invent; 1, 
gen., a, lit., Cic ; tantam rem, Sail. ; res quas 
mentiris, Ov. ; b, transf., of things, in quibus 
nihil umquam immensa et infmita vetustas 
mentita sit, Cic ; 2, to deceive, disappoint ; 
seges mentita spem, Hor. B. 1, to allege falsely, 
speak falsely about ; auspicium, Liv. ; 2, to 
counterfeit, jniton, assume; centum liguras, Ov.; 
partic, mentltUS -a -um, as pas.-., invented, 
feigned, Verg. 

Mentor -oris, m. (Me'itu^), a celebrated 
artist in metal work. Hence, adj., Mentoreiia 
-a -um, of or relating to Mentor. 

mentum -i, n. the chin, Cic. 

meo, 1. (connected with eo), to go, pass; 

I, of persons, domus Plntonia, quo siinul 
mearis, Hor.; 2, of inanimate objects, quum 
triremes hue illuc mearent, Tac ; mean lia 
sidera, Ov. 

meopto, v. mens. 

mephitis -is, f. 1, anoxious exhalation from 

the earth, malaria, Verg. ; 2, personif., Meph- 
itis, the goddess who protects against malaria, Tac. 

mcraciilus -a -um (dim. of meracus), toler- 
ably pure, unmixed, Plant. 

meraCUS -a -um (merus), pure, unmixed. I. 
Lit., vinum nieracins, Cic. ; hellebornm, Hoi. 

II. Transf., undiminished ; libertas, Cic. 

mercabilis -e (mercor), that can be Imut/ht, 
Ov. 

mercator -oris, m. (mercor). I. « mer- 
chanl, wholesale trailer (opp. canpo, a shopkeeper, 
retailer), Cic. II. Transf., a buyer; signornin, 
Cic. ; transf., provinciarum, Cic. 

meroatoriUS -a -um (mei-Ca^V), relating to 
a trader; Davis, a merchant-shiy '-lailt. 

mercatura -ae, f. (mercor), trade, traffic; 
mercaturas facere, to car ry on trade, Cic. ; transf., 
non erit ista amicitia, sed mercatura quaedam 
utilitatum suarum, Cic 

mercatUS -us, >n (mercor). I. trade, traffic, 
business, Cic. II. a market, fair, public place 
of business; lnercatum indicere, habere, Cic. ; 
ad mercatum proflci.sci, Cic ; frequens, a fill 
market, Liv. 

meroedilla "-ae, f. (dim. of merces), 1, a 
small reward, low wages; mercedula adducti, 
Cic. ; 2, low rent; praediorum, Cic. 

mercennarius (mercenarius) -a -um 
(orig. mercedlnarius, then mercednarins, then 
assimilated mercennarius, from merces), hired, 
paid, mercenary; miles, Liv.; testes, suborned, 
Cic. ; of things, arma, Liv. ; liberalitas, Cic. 
Subst., mercennarius -li, m. a hired servant, 
hireling, Cic 

merces -edis, f. (mereo). I. hire, pay, 
wages, reward, fee, salary ; 1, gen., a, in a good 
sense, operae, Cic; condueere aliquem mereede, 
Cic; b, in a bad swise, hire, bribe. ; lingua 
astricta mereede, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, tlie fee of a 
teacher ; mereede docere, Cic. ; b, the pay of 
soldiers ; mereede indites conducere, Liv. ; 3, 
transf., euphem., a, pay = punishment ; teincr- 
itatis, Cic; b, = /i(iw, loss; istnc nihil dolere 
non sine magna mereede enntlngit, Cic. IL 
interest, rent, Income, - praediorum, Cic. ; iusui- 






mer 



34* 



Mes 



amm, rent, Cic. ; quinas hie capiti mereedes 
exsecat, 5 per rent., Hor. 

mercimonlum -ii, n. (merx), goods, i»«" 
chandise, Plant. 

mercor, 1. «l<-p. (merx). I. Intransit, to 
carry on trade, to traffic, Plant. II. Transit., 
tn tii.:; a, lit., fundum de pupillo, Cic. ; aliquid 
an aliquo, Cic; nliqnid tanto pretio, Cic. ; b, 
transf., offlcia vita, with life, Cic; hoc magno 
mereentur Atridae, would give, a high price for, 
Verg. 

Mercurius -Ii, m. 1, Mercury, identified 
with the Greek Hermes, son of Jupiter and Maia, 
the messenger of the gods, inventor of the lyre, god 
of oratory, conductor of the souls of the dead to the 
lower world, patron of merchants and thieves; 
2, the planet Mercury. Hence, adj., Merciiri- 
alis -e, of or relating to Mercury; viri, lyric 
poets, Hor. Subst, Merciiriales -lum, m. a 
corporation of traders at Rome, Cic. 

xnerda -ae, f. excrement, Hor. 

mere, adv. (merus), purely, without', mixture, 
Plant. 

merenda -ae, f. an afternoon meal, taken 
between 4 and 5 r.M. 

merens -entis, partic of mereo. 

mereo -ui -Itum, 2. and mereor -Ttns sum, 
2. dep. I. A. to earn, obtain ; 1, lit., mereri non 
ampliua duodecim aeris, Cic; nardo vina, to ex- 
change, Hnr. ; 2, transf., f <o earn, win; nullam 
gratiam lioc hello, Liv. ' B. to earn pay as a 
soldier = to serve as a soldier; gen., nierere or 
mereri stipendia, Cic ; sub aliquo imperatore, 
Liv.; equo, equis, in the cavalry, Cic ; pediblis, 
in the infantry, Liv. II. A. tu deserve, merit, 
be worthy of; 1, in a good sense, praemia, 
laudem, Caes. ; ut honorilms decoraretur, Cic. ; 
2. in a had sense, to merit (punishment, etc.); 
odium, Caes. ; poenam, Ov. ; fustuailum, Liv. ; 
meruisse mori, Ov. ; partic, a, merens, de- 
serving; in a good sense worthy, in a had sense 
guilty, Sail.; b, meritus ; (a) net., deserving; 
merit! juvenci, verg. ; (/3) pass., deserved, merited ; 
dona, Liv. ; iracundia, Cic. B. mereri de, to 
tte, rve of; in a good and had sense, bene, op- 
time de repnhlica, Cic; male de civihus suis, 
Cic. ; ita se de populo Romano meritoa esse ut, 
etc., Caes. 

meretricie, adv. (meretricius), after the 
manner of a harlot, Plant. 

meretricius -a -tun (meretrix), n/or relating 
to a harlot or prostitute ; amores, Cic. 

meretricula -ae, f. (dim. of meretrix), a 
public prostitute, Cic. 

meretrix -Icis, f. (mereo), a public prosti- 
tute, harlot, Cic. 

mergae -arum, f. (mergo), a two-pronged 
fork, Plant. 

merg&s -gitis, f. a sheaf of corn, Verg. 

mergo, mersi, mersum, 3. I. to dip, plunge 
into weder, immerse. A aves «iuac se in man 
mergunt, Cic. ; nee me dens aequore mersit, 
Verg. B. to sink; naves in alto, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. 1, to sink down, plunge in, fix in ; 
canes mersis in corpora rostris dilacerant 
dominuni, Ov. ; caput in terrain, Liv. ; middle, 
inergi, of stars, to sink, Ov. ; 2, transf., to sink, 
overwhelm, immerse; me his malis, Verg.; funere 
acerho, to destroy by a bitter death, Verg. ; se in 
voluptates, Liv. ; vino somnoque mersi jacent, 
sunk in wine and sleep, Liv. B. to hide, conceal; 
suos in cortice vultus, Ov. 

mergUS -i, m. (mergo), a diver, gull, Verg. 

meridianus -a -um (meridies). I. of or 
relating to midday, meridian; tempus, Cic; 
pol, Liv. II. southern; regio, Liv.; vallis, Liv. 



meridiatio -5nis, f. (meridio), a noontide 
repose, midday sleep, siesta, Cic 

meridies ->"i, m. (for medidies, from inedius 
and dies), 1, midday, noon, Cic; 2, the south; 
inflectens sol cursum tuni ad septentriones, 

tuiu ad meridiem, Cie. 

meridio, 1. and meridior, l,dep. (merl' 

dies), to take, a siesta or midday sleep, Cat. 

Merifines-ae, m. (M>ipidiris), (i Cretan, fiend 
and charioteer of Idomeneus, 

1. merito, 1. (intens. of mereo), to earn ,* 
fundus qui sestertia dena meritasset, brought in, 
Cic 

2. merito, adv. (meritus), deservedly, with 
reason, rightly; merito sum iratus Metello, Cic; 
merito ac jure laudari, Cic SuperL, mentis- 
simo, Cic 

meritorius -a -um (mereo). I. that for which 
hire is paid or by which money is made; rheda, 
a hackney-coach, Suet. Subst., meritoria 
-orum, n. lodgings, Juv. II. gaining money by 
prostitution, Cie. 

meritum -i, n. (mereo). I. desert, and 
hence, reward, punishment ; merita invenire, 
Sail. II. desert, merit, any action which deserves 
thanks or reward. A. magnitudo tuorum in me 
meritorum, Cic. B. 1, a goad action, benefit; 
dare et reeipere merita, Cic. ; 2, demerit, blame, 
fault; non nieo merito, Cic; nullo nieo in se 
merito, though I am guilty of no offence against 
him, Liv. ; 3, worth, value, importance of a tiling; 
quo sit merito quaeque notata dies, Ov. 

meritus -a -um, partic of mereo (q.v.). 

merobibus -a -um (merum ami bibo), 
drinking wine unmixed, Plant. 

Meroe -es, f. (Mcpd>;), a large island in the 
Nile. 

Merope -es, f. (Mfpum;), daughter of Atlas, 
wife of Sisyphus, one of the Vleiades, whose star is 
dimmer than the others because she married a 
mortal. 

1. Merops -Cpis, m. (Mcpoi/-), king ofAethi- 
opia, husband of Clymcne, who bore Phaethon to 
Apollo. 

2. merops -opis, f. (pepo^), a bird, the. bee- 
eater, Verg. 

mei'SO, 1. (intens. of mergo), to dip in, im- 
merse; gregem fluvio, Verg.; transf., mersari 
civilibus undis, Hor. 

merula -ae, f. 1, a blackbird, Cic ; 2, a fish, 
thl sea-carp, Ov. 

merum -i, n., v. merus. 

merus -a -um. I, pure, unmixed, esp. ap- 
plied to wine ; vinum, Ov. ; and suhst., 
merum -i, n. v>ine unmixed with water (only 
drunk by the intemperate), Hor. ; undue, water 
not mixed with wine, Ov. ; fig., meram hauriens 
lihertatem, unrestrained, Liv. II. A. naked, 
uncovered; pes, Juv. B. 1, mere, only, nothing 
but, Cic; merum helium loqui, to talk of nothing 
bid war, Cic. ; 2, real, genuine; meri principes, 
Cic ; libertas, Hor. 

merx, mercis, f. merchandise, goods, wa re ; 
fallaces et fucosae, Cic. ; femijieae, for women, 
Ov. 

Mesembria -ae, f. (\Uo-qixPpla), a town in 
Tin-are at the. foot of Mount Ilaemv.s. Hence, 
adj., Mcsembiiacus -a -um, of or relating to 
Mesembria. 

Mesopotamia -ae, f. (M>cr07roTafxia), « 
country of Asia between the Euphrates and the 
Tigris. 

Mcssalla (Mcssala) -ae, m. a cognomen oj 
the gens Valeria, the. most, celebrated members oj 
which were: 1, M. Valerius Mcssalla Corviuus, 



Mes 



343 



meu 



the patron of Tibullus, a skilled orator ; and 2, 
Messalina, tlie wife of the Emperor Claudius. 

Messana -ae, f. a town in Sicily, on the 
straits between Italy and Sicily, now Messina. 
Hence, Messenius -a -um, Messenian. 

Messapla -ae, f. old name of a part of timer 
Italy, Calabria. Hence, Mesaaplus -a -um, 
Messapian, 

Messene -es, f. (Me<nr>>r)), the chief town in 
the district of Messenia in the Peloponnese. Hence, 
Messenius -a -um, Messenian. 

messis -is, f. (meto -ere), harvest. I. A. 
Lit., messem amittere, Cic. ; the gathering of 
honey, Verg. B. Meton., 1, a, the grain gathered 
in, harvest; illius innuensae ruperunt horrea 
messes, Verg. ; b, the crop, standing crop, Ov. ; 
2, the time of harvest, harvest-tide, Verg; and 
poet., the year; sexagesima messis, Mart. II. 
Fig., ilia Sullani temporis messis, Cic. 

messor -oris, m. (meto-Sre), a reaper, mower, 
Cic. 

messorius -a -urn (messor), of or relating to 
a reaper; corbis, Cic. 

meta -ae, f. a conical or pyramid-shaped figure. 
I. Gen., collis in raodum metae in acutum cacu- 
men fastigatus, Liv. II. Esp., 1, the pyramidal 
columns at the extremities of tlie Roman circus 
(the race consisted in making the circuit scveu 
times); metnque fervidis evitata rotis, Hor.; fig., 
in flexu aetatis liaesit ad metas, he was un- 
fortunate, Cic; hence, 2, a, a place round which 
one has to go ; metas lustrare Pachyni, Verg. ; b, 
the goal, end, term, boundary; mortis, aevi,Verg.; 
vitae metim tangere, Ov. 

metallum -i, n. (p.eVaAAoi'). I. a metal, 
gold, silver, iron, etc. ; potior metallis libertas, 
gold and silver, Hor. II. Meton., a mine, 
quarry ; reditus metalloium, income, Liv. ; me- 
talla instituit, Liv. 

metamorphosis -is, f. (/uETajuop^uo-i;), a 
transformation, metamorphosis; plur., Meta- 
morphoses -6on, the title of a poem by Ovid. 

Metapontum -i, n. (MeTa-novTiov), « Greek 
colony in Lucania. Hence, adj. Metaponti- 
nus -a -um, Metapontine. 

metator -oris, m. (metor), a measurer, one 
who marks ; castrorum, Cic. ; urbis, Cic. 

Metaurua -i, m. (MeYavpos), a river in 
Umbria, where Hasdrubal was defeated and slain 
207 a.c. Adj., poet., Metaurum flumen, Hor. 

Metellus -i, m. a cognomen in the Cdecilian 
gens, the most remarkable members of -which were : 
1, Qu. Metellus Macedonicus, who made Mace- 
donia a Roman province, piroverbial for the success 
of his private and public life; 2, Qu. Caecilius 
Metellus Numidicus, general in the war agabist 
Jugurtha ; 3, C. Caecilius Metellu3 Celer, a con- 
temporary of Cicero' husband of Clodia; 4, Qu. 
Caecilius Metellus Pius (Scipio), son of Scipio 
Nttsiea, adoptive son of Qu. Metellus Pius, father- 
in-lam of Pompelus. Hence, adj., Metellinus 
-a -uin, relating to Metellus; orotio, against 
Metellus Nepos, brother of Celer, Cic. 

Metereus -a -um, Meterextn; turba, a people 
near tlie Danube on the Black Sea, Ov. 

Mcthymna -ae, f. (ilriOviiva), a town in 
Iscsbos. Hence, adj.,^a, Methymnaeus -a 
-um ; b, Methymnias -adis, f. of or relating 
to Methymaa. 

meticulosus -a -um (metus), l,full of fear 
fearful, Plant. ; 2, exciting fear, fearful, Plaut. 

metior, mensus sum, 4. dep. to measure. I. 
Lit., A. agium, Cic. ; pedes syllabi's, Cic. B. 1, 
to measure out, distribute; fiumentorum exer- 



citus, Cic; 2, to measure, traverse, pass over; 
aequor curru, Verg. ; iter amnium, Cat. II. 
Transf., to measure according toacerlain standard, 
to measure, estimate, judge of; sonantia auvibus, 
Cic. ; oculo latus alicuius, Hor. ; omnia quaestu, 
estimate everything with reference to gain, Cic. ; 
odium aliormn siio odio, Liv. ; fldelitatem ex 
mea conscientia, Cic 

M£ti6sedum -i, n. town in Gallia Lug- 
dunensis, in the country of the Senones. 

1. meto, messui, messum, 3. I. Intransit, 
to reap, mow, gather liarvest ; in metendo occupati, 
Caes. ; applied to the vintage, Verg.-; prov., ut 
semen tern feceris, ita et metes, as a man sows, ss 
shall he reap, Cic. II. Transit., A. to mow, 
reap ; arva, Prop. ; farra, Ov. ; transf., of bees, 
apes metunt flores, Verg. B. 1, to crop off. pluck 
off, cut off; virga lilia summa metit, Ov.; barbam 
forttce, Mart. ; 2, in battle, to hew down, mo?{ 
down; proxima quaeque metit gladio, Verg. . 

2. Meto (-on) -onis, m. (MeTw), a celebrated 
Athenian astronomer. 

3. meto -are = metor. 

metor, 1. dep. (meta). I. to measure; caelum, 
Ov. II. to measure off, lay out, define the bound- 
aries of any spot; regiones, Liv.; castra, Sail.; 
frontem castrorum, Liv. 

metreta -ae, f. OirrpTjnjs), 1, a Greek liquid 
measure, containing about nine English gallons; 
2, a large tub, cask, Juv.. 

Metrodorus -i, m. (MTjrpdSiopo?). I. a 
disciple of Epicurus. II. a rlietorician and 
philosopher of Skepsis in Mysia, disciple of Car- 
neades. 

.'- Metropolis, ace. -im, f. (MirrpdnroAi?), town 
in Thessaly, between Pharsalus and Gomphi. 
Hence, a, Metropolltae -arum, m. (MijTpo- 
7roAiTai), inliabitunts of Metropolis; b, Metro- 
pdlitanus -a -um, belonging to Metropolis. 

met rum -i, n. (niTpov), a measure; and esp., 
the measure of verses, metre, Mart. 

Mettlus (MetlUS) -li, m. a magistrate of the 
Albani. 

metuendus -a -um, p. adj. (from metno), 
fearful; rnultae metuendaeque res, Cic. 

metuens -entis, p. adj. (from metuo), fear- 
ing, standing in awe of; legum, Cic. 

metuo -tii -utum, 3. (metus). I, Intransit, 
to fear, be afraid (esp. of some threatening 
evil, while timere is rather of fear of an object 
actually present); de sua vita, for his life, 
Cic ; ab Hannibale, Liv. ; senectae, Verg. II. 
Transit., to fear. A. aliquem, Cic. ; insidias ab 
aliquo, Cic ; metuit tangi, he is afraid of being 
touched, Hor. ; metuo ne . . . J fear that some- 
thing will liappen ; metuo ut . . . / fear that 
something will not happen, Cic. B. to shun, seek 
to avoid; nocentem corporibus Austrum, Hor. 

metus -us, m. fear, apprehension, dread. I. 
Lit., 1, in metu esse, Cic ; adducere aliquem in 
eum metuin ut, etc., Cic. ; metum facere, to cause 
fear, Ov. ; deponere metum, Cic. ; "with geuit., 
existimationis, Cic. ; with ab or ex, a Romanis, 
Liv.; with ne and the subj., Cic; metus hostilis, 
fear of an enemy, Sail. ; propter te, Cic. ; de me, 
Cic; 2, reverence, awe; laurus multos metu 
servata per ar.nos, Verg. II, Meton., 1, the 
object of fear, Tac. ; 2, danger, crisis; metus 
maximi belli, Cic. (dat., metu, Verg., Tac). . 

mens -a -um (root ME, MI), poss. pron. my, 
mine, my oum. I. Adj., 1, meum dictum con- 
sulis, Liv. ; meuin est with infln., it is my duty, 
falls to my lot, Cic. ; meus hie est, Ae is in my 
power, Plaut.; nisi plane esse vellem meus, except 
I wished to be quite original, Cic ; Nero mens; i/ny 
friend Nrro, Cic; 2, against me; ftrinilna Iriea, 



Mev 



344 



mini 



charges against me, Liv. II. Stilish, 1, mea 
-ae, f. my love, Ov. ; 2, meum -i, n. »ifne own;- 
plnr., mSa -oram, n. my possessions, Cic. ; 3, 
mei -oruin, m. my attendants, slaves, my people, 
Cic (voe., sing, masc, mi, but also poet., 
mens, Yerg. ; genit. plnr., ineilm, Phut. The 
oases of mens are frequently strengthened by 
the enclitic additions, met, pte ; meopte, meapte, 
meamet, Plaut.). 

Mevanla -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now 
Bevagna. 

Mezentius -ii, m. (lit., a prince, ruler), name 
of a tyrant of Caere or Agylla. 

mica -ae, f. a crumb, morsel, grain; mica 
saliens (sc. §alis), Hor. 

Micipsa -ae, m. son of Masinissa, king of 
Numidia, 

■ micans -antis (partic. of mico), shining, glit- 
tering, sparkling, Ov. 

mico -iii, 1. to move rapidly tip and down, 
tremble, heat like the- pulse. I. 1, venae et arte- 
riae micare non desinuiit, Cic. ; micat (equus) 
auribus, Verg. ; corda timore micant, Ov. ; auri- 
bus, Verg. : 2, micare digitis, to play at a game 
which consisted in holding out the fingers suddenly 
that another might guess their number (Ihe Italian 
game of alia mora) ; quid enim sors est? Idem 
propeinodum quod micare, Cic. ; prov., of a 
thoroughly honourable man ; digitus qnicuin in 
tenebris niices, Cic. II. to shine, glitter, sparkle; 
ignibus aether, Verg. ; micant gladii, Liv. 

Midas (Mida) -ae, m. (Mc'Jm), a king of 
Fhrygia, ujio received from Bacchus the gift of 
turning to gold everything that he. touched; as 
judge in a musical contest between Apollo and Pan 
he decided in favour of Ban, and Apollo punished 
him by changing his ears into those of an ass. * 

Migdllybs -lybis, m. (piySa and Aty), one 
of mixed African and Tyrian race, as the Cartha- 
ginians, Plant. 

migratlo -finis, f. (inigro), a removal from, 
one place of abode to another, migration, Cic. ; 
transf., verbi migrationes (sunt) in alienum 
multae, metaphorical uses, Cic. 

migro, 1. I. Inrransit., to remove from one 
plate to another, quit a place, depart. A. Lit., 
etiam mures migrarunt, Cic. ; ab Tarquiniis, 
Liv. B. Transf., 1, gen., de vita, ex vita, to 
die, Cic. ; 2, esp., to change; omnia migrant, all 
things change, Lucr. ; in colorem mannoreum, 
to be changed into, Lucr. II. Transit, 1, to 
remove from one place to another, trans-port ; 
migratu difflcilia, difficult of transportation, Liv.; 
2, to transgress ; jus civile, Cic. (nrchaist., 
migrassit = migra vent, Cic). 

mil ... v. mill . . . 

Milanlon -Onis, m. (MetAafcW), husband of 
Atnlanta. 

miles -Itis, c. (millc), a soldier. I. Gen., 
*a, lit., a soldier; scribere indites, to enrol, Liv.; 
ordinare, to draw vp in order, Liv. ; mercede 
conducere, to take into pay, Liv. ; dimittcre 
indites, Cic. ; a common soldier, Liv. ; b, poet, 
transf., (a) of persons, nova miles eram, Ov. ; 
(fi) a piece on a draught-board, Ov. II. indites 
= infantry, as opposed to cavalry, Caes.; miles, 
used collectively, Liv. 

Miletus -i (Mi'Atjtos). I. m., myth., father 
of Caunus and Byblis, mythical founder of Miletus. 
II. f. a town in Caria. Hence, adj., 1, Miles- 
ius -a-um, Milesian; 2, Miletls -idis, f., a, 
daughter of Miletus = Byblis, Ov. ; b, belonging 
to the town Miletus ; nrbs, Tomi, a colony of the 
Milesians, Ov. 

militaris -e (miles), of or relating to a soldier 



or to war, military; tribuni, Cic. ; signn, Cic!; 
aetas, the. legal period of military service, from 
the seventeenth, namely, to the forty-sixth year, 
Tac. Snbst., militaris -is, m. n soldier, war- 
rim; Tac. 

militariter, adv. (militaris), ?7) a military 
or warlike manner; lft*fa silii militariter aedi- 
ficare, Liv. 

militia -ae, f. (miles), military service, war- 
fare. I, Lit., muims militiae sustinere, Caes. j 
discere, Sail. ; militiae vacatio, exemption from 
military service, Caes. ; domi niilitiaeque, domi 
et militiae, at home and abroad, at peace and in 
war, Cic. II. Melon., the military, soldiery; 
cogere niilitiam, Liv. 

milltc, 1. (miles), to serve as a soldier, be a 
soldie? ; in exercitu alicuius, Cic. ; sub signis 
alicuius, under any one's command, Liv.; transf., 
to serve under the banners of love; militavi non 
sine gloria, Hor. 

milium -Ii, n. (jx€\h >]), millet, Verg. 

millc, numeral, a thousand. I. Adj., millo 
passilms, Caes. II. Snbst., a thousand. A. 
Lit., sing., mille with genit., mille hominum 
versabatur; plnr., millia or milia, viginti mini- 
bus peditum, quatuor equitum, Liv. ; esp., 
mille passunm, a thousand paces, a mile (among 
the Romans, less by 142 yards than the English 
mile), Cic. B. Transf., innumerable, countless; 
mille pro uno Caesones exstitisse, Liv. ; temptat 
mille modis, Hor. 

millesimus -a -lira (mille), the thousandth ; 
pars, Cic; adv., millcsimum, for the thovsauilth 
time, Cic 

milliarius (miliarius) -a -ran (mille), 
containing a thousand. I, Gen., Plin. II, Esp., 
containing a thousand paces. Snbst., milli- 
arium -ii, n. a mile-stone, Cic. ; auremn, the 
central stone erected by Augustus in the forum, 
from which the miles were measured, Tac. 

millies (milies, miliens), adv. (mille), 

1, a thousand times; plus millies audivi, Ter. ; 

2, innumerable times, countless times; millies 
melius, a thousand times better, Cic. 

1. Kilo (-on) -onis, m. (MiAur), of Crotona, 
a celebrated athlete. 

2. Milo -onis, m., T. Annius Milo Papianus, 
tribune of the people with Clodius (f>7 B.C.), whose, 
adversary he was, and whom he slew in a street 
brawl on the Appian Way; on his trial for the 
murder he was defended by Cicero. Hence, 
Milomanus -a -um, relating to Milo; subst., 
Mlloniana -ae, f, (sc. oratio), the speech of 
Cicero in defence of Milo. 

Miltiades -is and -i, in. (MiAtioStj?), a cele- 
brated Athenian general icho conquered the Per- 
sians at Marathon. 

miluinus (milvinus)s-a -um (milvus), of 
or relating to a kite; pullus, a. young kite (lig. 
of the son of an avaricious man), Cic. 

miluus (milVUS) -i, m. I. a kite, hawk, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a fish, the gurnard, Ov. ; 
2, a star, Ov. 

Mllyas -adis, f. (MiAvas), a district ofPhrygia 
Major. 

mima -ae, f. (mimus), a female mime, Cic. 

Mimallonis -idis, f. a Bacchante. Adj., 
Mimalloncus -a -um, Bacchanalian. 

Mimas -antis, m. (Mi'^as). I. a mountain 
in Ionia, opposite Chios. II. a giant. 

mimice, adv. (mimieus), like a mime or 
buffoon, Cat. 

mimieus -a -um (mimikos), 1, mimic,. farc- 
ical ; jocus, Cic. ; 2, counterfeit, unreal Plin. 



Mini 



345 



mm 



Mimnermus -i, m. (blipvepiuK), a Greek 
elegiac poet of Colophon. 

mimiila -ac, f. (dim. of mi inn), a female 
mime, Cic. 

mimus -i, m. («i/io?) I. a mime, mimic 
actor, pantomimist, Cic. II. a dramatic piece so 
culled, broad farce ; persona de inimo, Cic. ; fig., 
a force; l'amam mimum faccre, Cic. 

mill'= niihine, Pers. 

raina -ac, f. (nva), 1, a Greek weight = 100 
drachmae, Plin.; 2, a Greek silver coin =100 
drachmae or Soman denarii, Cic. 

minaciae -arum, f. (ininax), threats, menaces, 
riant. 
nilliaciter, adv. (minax), threateningly, Cic. 

niinae -arum, f. (connected with niineo). I. 
the. battlements, parapets of a wall ; uiuroruin, 
Verg. II. Transf., threats, menaces; minas 
jactare, to threaten, Cic; of animals, Ov.,Verg.; 
or of the wind, etc., Ov. 

minanter, adv. (1. minor), threateningly, Ov. 

minatio -Onis, f. (1. minor), a threatening, 
threat, menace (plur)., Cic. 

minax -acis, f. (1. minor). I. overhanging ; 
scopulus, Verg. II. threatening, full of threats; 
homo, Cic; vituli, Ov. ; lilterae, Cic, ; riuvius, 
Verg. 

Mincius -ii, in. a river near Mantua, now 
Mincio. 

mineo, 2. to project, overhang, Lucr. (?) 

Minerva -ae,f.(EtruscanMenerfa or Meurfa), 
Vie goddess Minerva, daughter of Jupiter, goddess 
of wisdom, and patroness of all the arts and 
sciences, identified with the Greek Athene; prow, 
crassa (pingui) Minerva, with homely mother-wit, 
Cic. ; bus Mincrvain (so. docet), when, a foolish 
person begins to teach a wise one, Cic ; invita 
Minerva, without ability, Cic; inetoii. = working 
in wool, Verg. 

Minervium -Ti, n. (arx Minervae, Verg.), a 
tvi •'/•_ vnd temple to Minerva in Calabria. 

Minervae prGinoutdrliiui, u promontory in 
Cuinixinia, south-east of .Surrcnlum, the scat of 
the Sire ik. 

mingo, miuxi, uiiiic^uiii and inictum, o. la 
make water, Hor. 

miniatulUS -a -uiu (dim. of miniatus), some- 
what coloured or tinged with cinnabar, Cic. 

miniatus -a -uin, v. uiinio. 

minime, v. parum. 

minimus, v. parvus. 

1. minio, 1. (minium), to colour with cinnabar 
or red-lead, Plin. Partic, miniatus -a -um, 
coloured with cinnabar or red-lead, painted red, 
Cic. 

% Minio (Munio) -oms,m. a river in Etru- 

ria, now Mignone. 

minister -trl, m. and ministra -ae, f. 
(mot MIN, whence also ntiiius), a servant, at- 
tcmlant, assistant ; a, in a house, minister cubi- 
Cilli, Liv.; transf., virtulcs voluptatlllu miuis- 
liac, Ck\ ; b, « sen-out in a. temple, the servant 
of a god ; Marl is, Cic; c, in a public office, 
IlliliistW imperii tui, Cic ; d, an. assistant, sup- 
porter, aider, helper; libidinis, Cic; ministros 
si- pracbeut in jndiciis oratoribus, Cic ; ales 
minister lulniinis, Jupiter's eagle, Ilor. 

ministerium -ii, n. (minister). I. service, 
assistance, (dtendance, office, employment, occupa- 
tion, Liv. ; iiiinisterio fungi, Liv. II. Mcton., 
a, servants, Tac. ; b, retinue, 2 } csonnel ; scrib- 
ariun, Liv. 

ministra -ae, f., v. minister. 

jvunistrator -oris, m. (ministro), 1 } a ser- 



rani, all, uilant, assistant, Suet. ; 2, csp., one 
who supplied an advocate with the facts needed in. 

his "ration, Cie. 

ministro, 1. (mim'slur). I. to serve, wait 
upon.; 1, alicui, Cic; 2, esp., to wait at table, 
to hand; scrvi ministrant, Cic; cibos, Tac; 
pocilla, Cic; cocnam, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to 
attend to, take care of, govern, direct; velis, to 
attend to the sails, Verg.; jussa medicoruui, Ov. ; 
2, to afford, procure, provide; faces furiis Clodi- 
auis, Cic ; prelum, Tib. ; furor anna ministrat, 
Verg.; vinum quod verba ministrat, Hor. 

minitabundus -a -um (miuitor), threaten- 
ing, menacing, Liv. 

mlnitor, 1. dep. (1. minor), to threaten; 
alicui mortem, Cic. ; huic orb'i ferro igniiiue, 
Cic; minitans per litteras se omnia quae con- 
arentur prohibiturum, Cic. 

minium -ii, n. (a Spanish word), native cin- 
nabar, red-lead, vermilion, Verg. 

1. minor, 1. dep. (connected with minae 
and mineo). I. to jut out, project, hang over ; 
gemiili minautur in caelum scopuli, Verg. II. 
1, to threaten, menace ; alicui, Cic; alicui crucem, 
Cic. ; 2, to promise boastfully; multa, Hor. 

-. minor -Oris, compar., parvus (q.v.). 

Minds -r>is, ace -Gem and -oh, in. (MiVwt). 

I. a mythical king and lawgiver in Crete, son of 
Zeus, and, after death, judge in Tartarus. II, 
Minos II., king of Crete, grandsonof the. p reeding, 
husband of I'asiphac, father of Ariadne, I'hacdra, 
aiul Deucalion. Hence, a, Minois -Wis, 1. n 
daughter of Minos, Ariadne, Ov. ; b, adj., 
Minoius -a -um, relating Jo Minos, Cretan ; 
Virgo, Ariadne, Ov. ; C, MlllOUS -a -um, re- 
lating to Minos; poet.= Cretan; Thoas, son of 
Ariadne, Ov. ; arenao, shore of Crete, Ov. 

Minotaurus -i. in. (MtcwTaupot), « monster, 
half-bull, half-man, the offspring of J'asiphu'i 
and a bull, slain by Theseus. 

mintlia -ae, f. QxivOa), mint, Plin. 

Minturnae -arum, f. town in I.alium, on 
the borders of Gamjjaniu. Hence, adj., Min- 
turnensis ■>■, relating to Minturnae. 

Minucius -a -um, name, of a. Roman gens, 
the most noted member of which mo.; M. Minucius 
RilfllS, magislir cptilnm to the dictator Fabius 
Maximus Cunctutor. 

miniime = niiuime (q.v.). 

minumus = minumua (q.v.). 

minuo -ui -utum, 3. (root MIN, whence 2. 
minor, nivvw, ixivvBui), to make smaller. I. to 
cut up into small pieces, to chop vp; ligna, Ov. 

II. to lessen, diminish; 1, lit., sumptus civi- 
tatiuii, Cic. ; miuuente aestu, at the ebbing of the 
tide, Caes. ; 2, transf., to lessen, diminish, lower, 
reduce, limit ; gloriam alicuius, Cic; molestias 
vitae, Cic; ut controvcrsiam miiiuam, limit, 
confine to the point, Cic. ; lnajestatcm P. R. per 
vim, to offend against, Cic. 

minus, compar. I, Adj., v. parvus. II. 
Adv., v. parum. 

minuseulus -a -um (dim. or couipur, minor), 
somewhat less, somewhat small, Cic 

minutal -alis, u. (minulus), a dish of mince- 
meat, Juv. 

minutatim, adv. (minulus), in small pieces, 

bit by bit, piecemeal, gradually; aliquid addcre, 
Cic. ; interrogarc, Cic. 

minute, adv. (minutus), in small portions, 
meanly, pettily, paltrily ; res minutius tractare, 
Cic. 

minutia -ae, f. (minutus), smallmss, Utiles 
ness, minutencs*, Son, ._.-.,. * 



mm 



346 



mis 



miniitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from minuo), 
small, little, minute, unimportant, trifling; res 
miitutae, trifles, Cic ; pbilosophi, petty, insig- 
nificant, Cie. 

Minyas -ae, in. (Mirvas), a rich king of 
Orchomenvs, the fabulous ancestor of the Minyae. 
Ilenco, a, Minyae -arum, m. (Mtvuat), the Ar- 
gonauts, companions of Jason; b, Minveias 
-Sdis, f. daughter of Minyas ; c, Minycius 
-ft -mil, belonging to Minyas. 

mirablUs -c (miror). I. wonderful, aston- 
ishing ; mirabile est, followed by quain and the 
subj., Cic. ; by quoinodo, Cie. ; with '2. supine, 
auditu, Cic; dicta, Cic. II. extraordinary, wn- 
usual; mirabilem in nioduin, Cic. 

mirabiliter, adv. (mirabilis), wonderfully, 
marvellously, singularly, extraordinarily; cupere, 
lactari, Cic. ; mirabiliter moratus est, is of an 
extraordinary disposition, Cic. 

mirabundus -a -um (miror), fidl of wonder, 
wondering ; wirabundi quidnam esset, Liv. 

miraciilum -i, n. (miror), a wonderful thing, 
wonder, prodigy, miracle, marvellousness ; mirac- 
ula I'hilosopliorum somniantinm, the wonderfid 
opinions, Cic. ; adjiciunt miracula hnic pugnae, 
wonders, Liv. ; magnitudinis, « wonder fir size, 
Liv. 

mirandus -a -ran, p. adj. (from miror), 
wonderful, singular; iniraudum in modum, Cic. 

miratio -Onis f. (miror), a wondering, won- 
der, astonishment, Cic. 

mirator -Oris, m. (miror), an admirer, Ov. 

mire, adv. (minis), wonderfully, extraordin- 
arily, astonishingly ; favere, Cic. ; mire quam, in 
a wonderful manner, Cic. 

mirifice, adv. (mirit\cu3)~wonderfidly, extra- 
ordinarily ; dolere, Cic. 

mirif Icus -a -um (minis and faeio), muting 
wonder, wonderful, astonishing; lioino, Cic; 
tun is miriftcis operibus exstrueta, Cats. ; eon- 
vieium, voluptas, Cic. 

mirmillo (murmillo) -onis, m. n kiwi of 
gladiator, generally matched- with the Thraces or 
retiarii, Cic. 

miror, L dep. I, to wonder, be astonished 
at; negligent iam hoininis, Cie.; foil, by ncc. 
and intin., mead accusandum descendere, Cic. ; 
foil, by quod, rairari quod non rideret haruspex, 
Cic; with rel. sent., eius rei quae causa esset 
iniratus, Caes. ; foil.' by si, miror ilia superbia 
si queuiqnam amicum habere potuit, Cic. ; miror, 
/ wonder, I cannot understand, I am curious to 
know; mirantes quid rei esset, Liv. II. to ad- 
mire, look on with admiration ; pucrorum formas 
ct corpora maguo opere, Cic ; with genit. of 
cause, Vcrg. 

minis -a -um, wonderful, astonishing, extra- 
ordinary, very great; desiderium urbis, Cic; 
mirum quam inimicus erat, it is wonderful hovj 
hostile, i.e., exceedingly hostile, Cic. ; se minim 
quantum profnit, Liv. ; mirum est ut, with 
subj., Cic; quid mirum? whcU wonder? Ov. 

Misargyrides -ae, m. (uKraoyvpia, hatred 
of money), a hater of money (a name invented by 
Plautus and applied to a usurer), Flaut. 

miscellanea -orum, n. (misceo), a hash of 
different meats, hotchpotch, tlie food of gladiators, 
Juv. 

misceo, miscui, mixtuni, and (later) iitistuin, 
2. Oii<ryu) = niywui). I. Gen., to mix, mingle ; 1, 
lit., iiiella Falerno, Hot. ; 2, transf., a, to 
Wend, mingle; gravitatcm modestiac, Cic; 
mixta metu apes, Liv.; b, to unite; sanguiiiem 
ct genus cumaliquo, to marry,1Av.; se niiHcerc 
vjris, Verg. ; corpus, cum aliqua, Cie. ; of battle. 



niiscere certamina, Liv. II. 1, to mixabevcr- 

age, prepare, by mixing; a, lit., uiulsuni, Tie.; 
pocula alicui, Ov. ; b, to stir up, excite ; incendi.i, 
Verg. ; motus aninioruni, Cic ; 2, to confuse, 
confound ; a, caelum terramque, to raise a storm. 
Vers. ; b, of moral and political events, nialia 
contionibus rempublieam, to disturb, Cic ; 3, to 
Jill ; domuiu geinitu, Verg. 

misellus -a -um (dim. of miser), miserable, 
wretched, -unhappy; homo, Cic; spes, Lucr. 

Misenus -i, m. the trumpeter of Aeneas. 
Hence, Misenum -i, n. a promontory and town. 
in Campania, now Capdi Miseno ; mons Misenus, 
Verg. Adj., Miscnensis -e, relating to Mi- 
senum. 

miser -era -mini. I. miserable, loretched, 
unhappy, pitiable, unfortunate, deplorable; 1, of 
persons, hie miser atque infelix, Cic. ,' mis&v- 
rimum habere aliquem, to torment greatly, Cie. ; 
O me miserum ! Cic. ; 2, transf., of things, 
misera fortuna, Cic. ; as parenthetical exclama- 
tion, miserum! how wretched .' Verg. II. suffer- 
ing, ill ; miserum latus caputve, Ilor. 

miserabilis -e, (miseror). I. miserable, 

wretched, lamentable, deplorable ; aspectns, Cic ; 
squalor, Cie. II. mournful, sad, plaintive ; vox, 
Cic. ; elegi, Ilor. 

miserabiliter, adv. (miserabilis). I. miser- 
ably, lamentably, pitiably; mori, Cic. II. in 
a mournfid or plaintive manner; epistola mis- 
erabiliter scripta, Cic. 

miserandns -a -um (miseror), pitiable, de- 
plorable ; miserandum in modum, Cic. 

miseratio -onis, f. (miseror). I. pity, com- 
passion : cum quadam miseratione, Cic II, 
pathetic or moving speech or tone; uti miseratioii- 
ibus, Cic 

misere, adv. (miser). I. wretchedly, piti- 
ably, miserably; vivere, Cie. II. violently, ex- 
ceedingly; aniare, Ter. ; clepcrire amorc, Plant. 

miscreo -serui-seritum and -sertum, 2. and 
misereor -seiitus and -sertus sum, •!. dep. 
(miser). I. to pity, have compassion on, com- 
miserate : sociorum, Cic; laborum taiitoruni, 
Verg. II. Impers., miseret or miseretur me, / 
pity, I inn sorry for, I have compassion on ; me 
miseret tui, Cic; cave, te fratrum pro fratris 
salute obseerantium misereatur, Cic. 

miseresco, 3. (miserco), 1, to pity, hare 
compassion on, commiserate. ; regis, Verg. ; 2, im- 
pers., me iniscrescit alicuius, / «»i sorry for, 
have commission on, Plant. 

miseria -ae, f. (miser). I. wretchedness, un- 
happiness, misery, sorrow, grief, affliction, distress; 
ubi virtus est, ibi esse miseria non potest, Cie. ; 
in miseriis vcrsari, Cic II. Pcrsonif., Miseria, 
the daughter of Erebus and Nox. 

misericordia -ae, f. (misericors), pity, ami- 
passion, tenderness of heart, mercy ; populi, on. 
the part of the people, Cic. ; pueioruni, .for boys, 
Cic. ; adhibere misericordiam, to show, Cic ; ad 
misericordiam inducere, Cic; alicui suam utis- 
ericordiain tribuere, Cic 

misericors -cordis (inisereo and cor), piti- 
ful, compassionate, tender-hearted; in aliquem, 
Cic; quis misericordior inventus est? Cie. 

:niseritus, v. misereor. 

miseriter, adv. (miser), wretchedly, lament- 
ably, Cat. 

miseror, 1. dep. (miser), /<■ pity, lonr com- 
passion on, bewail, lament, deplore; fortunam, 
Cic. ; cnsniii, Sal!. 

miscrtus, v. misereor. 

missicius (-tius) -a -um (mitto), discliargeij 
from militm n service, Suet, 



mia 



347 



mod 



missile -is, v. missilis. 

missilis -c (initio), that can be thrown, mis- 
sile; lapides, Liv.; terrain, a javelin, Verg. 
Subst., gen. plur., missilia -drum, n. missiles, 
Liv. ; res missiles, or subst., missilia, gifts thrown 
among the people, donatives, Suet. 

missio -onis, f. (mitto). I. a sending off, 
sending away; legatorum, litterarum, Cic. II. 
a letting go, releasing ; 1, a, of a prisoner, Cic. ; 
b, adischarge or dismission Jrom military service; 
nominal justa, injusta, Liv. ; honesta, honour- 
able discharge, gratiosa, out of favour, Liv.; c, 
;< permission given to gladiators to cease fighting ; 
sine missione inunus gladiatorium dare, to ex- 
hibit gladiators ivho fought till death, Liv. ; 2, 
cessation termination ;\i\dovum, Cic. 

missito, 1. (freq. of mitto), to send repeatedly; 
auxilia, Liv. 

missor -oris, m. (mitto), one who shoots, an 
archer, Cic. 

1. missus -us, m. (mitto). I. a sending;!, 
missu Caesaris ventitare, having been sent by 
Caesccr, Caes. ; 2, a throwing, shooting; pili, 
Liv. II, 1, a shot, the distance shot; missus 
bis mille sagittae, Lucr. ; 2, in the public races, 
a course, heat, Suet. 

2. missus -a -urn, v. mitto. 

mistim (mixtim), adv. (mistus or mixtus), 
confusedly, Lucr. 

mistura (mixtura) -ae, f. (misceo), a 
mixing, mixture; rerum, Lucr. 

mite, adv. (mitis), mildly, softly, gently ; mitius 
ferre, perire, Ov. 

mitella -ae, f. (dim. of mitra), a bandage for 
the head, head-dress, turban, Cic. 

mitesco, 3. (mitis), to become mild. I. Of 
fruits, to ripen, become ripe, Plin. II. 1, of the 
weather, to become mild; hiems, Liv.; frigora, 
Ilor. ; of abstract things, to be alloyed, to sub- 
side; seditio, Tac. ; discordiae, Liv.; ira, Ov. ; 
2, to become tame; ferae quaedum nunquam 
miteBCunt, Liv. 

Mithridates -is, in. (MiBpiiirr^), king in 
J'oulus (1SJ-IJ3 B.C.), who waged a long war with 
the Romans, and was conquered by Pompeius. Adj., 

Mithridaticus -a -urn, Mithridalic. 

mitiiico, 1. (mitilicus). to make mild, soft; 
cibus mitilicatus, well digested, Cic. 

mitigatio -onis, f. (mitigo), an assuaging, 
alleviating, appeasing, Cic. 

mitigo, 1. (= miteni ago), to make mild, soft. 
I. Lit., fruges, to make ripe, Cic. ; cibum, to make. 
soft by cooking, Cic. ; agros, to break up, loosen, 
till, Cic. II. a, of character, to soothe, make 
gentle, pacify; auimuiu alicuius, to soothe, Cic; 
Lainpsacenos in istuin, Cic. ; b, of things, to 
soothe, assuage, alleviate, charm, enchant; trist- 
itiam et scveritatem, Cic. ; dolorem, Cic. 

mitis -e, mTld, gentle, ripe. I. Of fruits, 
poina, uva, Verg. ; fig., of .style, Thucydides 
l'nisset matnrior et mitior, Cic. ; of climate, caelo 
niitissimo, Liv.; of water, wind, etc., fiuvius, 
Verg. II. Transf., of character ; a, of persons, 
mild, gentle, free from Imrshness ; homo mitis- 
siinusatquelenissimus, Cic; of animals, taurus, 
Ov. ; b, of things, mild, gentle; dolor, Cic; 
aliquid mitiorem in partem interpretari, put a 
lenient interpretation upon, Cic. ; c, of speech, 
mild; mitis et eompta oratio, Cic. 

mitra -ae, f. (juiTpa), a head-dress, in general 
•use among Asiatic nations, but in Greece and 
Home worn only by women and effeminate men, 
Cic. v 

mitratus -a -uin (mitra), wearing the mitra, 
Prop, 



mitto, misi, lni.ssitni, 3. to scud, lei go. I. to 
send, dcsjulch. A. Gen., 1, lit., to send away; 
(ilium ad propillqUUin HUUlil, Cic. ; legates de 
deditione ad emu, Caes. ; misi, qui hoc diccret, 
Cic. ; Deiotarus legalos ad me misit, se esse 
ventui'Ulil, with the intelligence that Ive was about 
to come, Cic ; Curio misi, ut medico honos haber- 
etur, / sent word to Curius, etc., Cic. ; ad mortem, 
to put to death, Cic ; litteras ad aliquem or 
alicui, Cic; 2, transf., aliquem in possessionem, 
to put in possession, Cic ; ftincra Teucris, to 
prepare, Verg. B. 1, to dedicate a book to a 
•person; libruni ad aliquem, Cic; 2, to conduct; 
alias (auimas) sub Tartars mittit, (of Mercury), 
Verg. ; 3, to send forth from oneself, give forth; 
lima mittit lucem in terras, Cic. ; vocein pro 
aliquo, to speak for, Cic. ; 4, to push, throw ; 
pueros in profiuentein aquain, Liv. ; teliun ex 
aliquo loco, Caes. ; 5, medic t. t., to let blood, 
ben. ; tig., missus est sanguis invidiae sine 
dolore, Cic II. A. to let go, release, give up; 
1, lit., Cat. ; 2, transf., mittere ac finire odium, 
Liv.; maestiun timorem, Verg.; of orators, to 
cease speaking, not to sj)eak, to avoid, pass over; 
mitto illud dicere, / pass over tlutt, Cic. ; mitto 
de amissa parte exercitus, Cic. B. 1, in the 
race-course, to start the competitors ; quadrigas, 
Liv. ; 2, to dismiss an assembly ; senatum, ( a s. ; 
3, a, to dismiss, discharge, send away; esp. of 
soldiers, legiones missas fieri .jubere, Cic; a, to 
release from imprisonment; initti eum jubere, Liv. 

mitulus (mutulus) -i, m. (jutvAos), a species 
of edible mussel, Hor. 

mixtura, etc. — mistura (q.v.). 

nana = mina (q.v.). 

Mnemonides -uin, f. the Muses, daughters 
of Mnemosyne, Ov. 

Mnemosyne -es, f. (M^oo-in-i)), Mnemosyne, 
mother of the Muses. 

mnemosynum -i, U. Oi^otxvroi'), n mem- 
orial, Cat. 

mobilis -c (for movibilis, from moveo). I. 
moveable, easy to be moved; not firm, not fixed ; 
1, lit., oculi.Cic; 2, transf., a, excitable, pliable, 
flexible; mobilis actas, Verg.; gens ad oinnem 
auram spei mobilis, Liv. ; b, changeable, in- 
constant ; animus, Cic. ; Galli sunt in capieudis 
consiliis mobiles, Caes. II. rapid ; rivi, Hor. 

mobilitas -iitis, f. [(mobilis). I. moveable- 
ness, mobility; animal mobilitate celerriniii, 
Cic. ; linguae, Cic. ; transf.. inconstancy, change- 
ablencss; alicuius, Cic. II. rapidity; equitum, 
Caes. 

mobilitcr, adv. (mobilis), rapidly, with 
quick motion ; palpitave, Cic. ; ad bellum mobil- 
itcr excitari, easily, quickly, Caes. 

mobilito, 1. (mobilis), to make moveable, put 
into motion, Lucr. 

moderabilis -e (moderor), moderate ; nihil 
moderabile suadere, Ov. 

moderamen -inis, n. (moderor), a means of 
governing or guiding (e.g., a helm, rudder); 
navis, Ov. ; transf., rerum, the management, 
government of the State, Ov. 

m8deranter,adv.(moderans from moderor), 
moderately, with moderation, Lucr. 

moderate, adv. (modcratus), MOffcm/c? y, with 
moderation ; modcratius id volant fieri, Cic. 

moderatim, adv. (moderatus), moderately, 
gradually, Lucr. 

modcratio -finis, f. (moderor), moderating, 
I. A. moderating, restraining ; cflrenati popull, 
Cic. B. government ; niundi, Cic. II. modern- 
Hon, temperance; tempcrantia et modcratio 
naturae tqae, Cic; VQcJs, articulation, Cjg, 



mod 



34S 



moe 



moderator -Oris, in. (uioderor), a governor, 

guide, manager, ruler; equoruin, a driver, Ov. ; 
aruudinis, a fisher, Ov. ; reipublicac, Cic. 

moderatrix -ids, f. (moderator), she that 
rules or governs ; respublica moderatrix om- 
nium factorum, Cic. 

mddcratUS -a -urn (tnodero), moderate, tem- 
perate, keeping within due measure; of persons, 
l'rngi homo et in omnibus vitae partibus moder- 
atus ac temperans, Cic. ; of things, couviviuin, 
Cic. ; ventus, Ov. ; otium, Cic. ; oratio, Cic. 

modero, 1. to moderate, keep within bounds; 
voci meae, Plant. 

moderor, l. dep. (modus). I. to set bounds 
to, torn within, bounds; to regulate, moderate, 
restrain; (a) with dat., alicui, Cic; nniino et 
orationi, Cic. ; irae, odio, Liv. ; (|3) with ace, 
animos, Cic. II. to direct, guide. A. ; i*., 
(a) with dat., navi funiculo, Cic. ; (/3) with ace, 
habenas, Ov. B. Transf., to govern, rule, regulate; 
(a) with dat., quibus tot is nioderatur oratio, 
Cic. ; (/3) with ace , Deus qui regit et nioderatur et 
niovet id corpus, Cic. • cautus numerosque, Cic. 

modeste, adv. (modestus), moderately, tem- 
perately, discreetly, modestly ; Roinaiu venire, Cic. 

modestia -ae, f. (modestus). I. A. modera- 
tion, temperance; neque nioduin nequc modestiam 
victores habere, Sail. B. 1, applied to be- 
liaviour, modesty, unassuming conduct; indicendo, 
Cic. ; 2, respect, obedience to authority ; in milite 
modestiam et continentiam desiderare, Caes. ; 
3, as translation of the Stoic phrase eurafio, 
good, practical judgment, Cic. II. mildness; 
hiemis, Tac. 

modestus -a -mn (modus), moderate, keeping 
within bounds; moderate in desires or passions, 
temperate. A. modestum ordincm, Cic. B. 1, 

modest, unassuming, unpretending; adolescentllli 
iiiodestissimi pudor, Cic; 2, modest, chaste, 

virtuous; videas dolere flagitiosis modestus, Cic. 

modlalis -e (modius), containing a modius, 
l'laut. 

modlec, adv. (modicus), moderately; 1, 
Merubly; mod ice \ocn\Aes, tolerably well off, Liv.; 
lliodico vinosus, no great wine-bibber, Liv ; 2, 
moderately, with moderation, temperately; laccre, 
Bgere, Cic. 

modicus -a -um (modus). I. moderate, not 
very large, middling, ordinary; convivia, po- 
tiones, not excessive, Cic. ; fossa, not vert; deep, 
Liv.;acervus, Hor.; laus/I'ae. ;equites, Benatores, 
possessing moderate wealth, Tac. II. moderate, 
keeping within bounds, temperate, modest, un- 
pretending; ae Veritas, Cic; modiens volnptatnin, 
temperate in enjoyment, Tac; animus belli ingens, 
domi modiens, Ball. 

modifico. 1. (modus and facio), to measure 
off, measure, moderate; verba ab oratore modi- 
ticata, Cic. 

modius -ii, in. (modus), a dry measure 
among the Romans = 16 sextarii, and containing 
gomewhul less than two imperial gallons, a perk, 
Cic. ; plena mudio, in full measure, abundantly, 
Cic, (genii* plur., inodiam, Cic). 

m6d6, adv. (modus), only, alone, but. I. A. 
Gen'., quod dixerit salere inodo, non etiam oporttre, 
Cic. ; uclno eorum progrodi modo extra agnien 
audeat, only to go, so murk as to go, Caes. ; nt 
ia modo exercitui satis superque foret, that it 
alone was more than enough for the army, Sail. 
B. Esp., 1, with wishes, commands, etc., only, 
just; veniat modo, Cic. : vide modo, only see, 
Cic. ; 2, a, in conditional sentences) modo ut, or 
inodo alone with subj., provided that, if ■■ \y 
quos, valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa 
delectat, if the health be'only good, Cic. ; modo ne, 



;/ only not, proeidetl that not ; tartiaaderit, modo 
lie Publius rogatns sit, Cic. ; b, with relatives, 
servns nemo, qui modo tolcrabili conditiono 
sit servitutis, if he only be, provided only 
that lte is, Cic; c, si modo, if only; tu scis, 
si modo meministi, me tibi dixisse, Cic; 3, in 
negative sentences, a, non modo . . . sed 
(verum), not only . . . but ; non modo . . . 
sed (verum) etiam, not only . . . but also; 
non modo . . . sed (verum) ne quidem, not 
only . . . but not even, Cic. ; b, non modo non 
. . . sed, sed potius, sed etiam, not only not 
. . . but rather; non modo non . . . sed lie 
quidem, not only not . . . but not even, Cic II. 
Transf., of time, A. a, note, but now, just now, 
just; adveuis modo? are you just come? Ter. ; 
b, used also of "a remoter past, lately, some time- 
ago; modo hoc malum in rempnblicam invasit 
(i.e., seventy years previously), Cic. B. modo 
. . . modo, sometimes . . . sometimes^ now . . . 
now, at one time . . . at another; modo ait, 
modo negat, Cic. ; in place of the second modo 
is found nunc, Liv.; interdum. Sail.; aliquando, 
Tac. ; saepe, Sail. ; inodo . . . turn (deiude, 
paullo post, postremum, vicissim), now . . . 
then, in the first place . . . in the second plj.ee, 
first . . . afterwards, Cic. 

modulate, adv. with compar. (modulatus), 
in good time, iii time (of music); modulalo 
canentes tibiae, Cic. 

modulator -oris, m. (modulor), one who ob- 
serves a regular rhy'hm, a musician, Hor. 

modulatus -a -um, p. adj. (from modulor), 
properly measured or modulated, in good time, 
rhythmical, melodious; verba, Ov. 

modulor, 1. dep. (modus). I. to measure, 
measure off, measure regularly, Plin. II. 1, t. t. 
of mnsic, to measure rhythmically, to modulate, to 
murk time; vocem, Cic. ; virgines solium vocis 
pulsu pedum modulantes, Liv.; 2, a, to sing; 
carmina, Verg. ; b, to play; lyram, Tib. 

modulus -i, m. (dim. of modus). I. ", mea- 
sure, standard of measurement ; metiri queiidam 
sno modulo, Hor. II. rhythm, musical lime, 
measure, melody, Plin. 

modus -i, in. c incisure, standard nf measure- 
ment. I. Lit., Van. II. Transf'.. A. sice, 
quantity, length, etc.; 1, gen., agri certus 
modus, Caes. ; 2, esp. as musical t.t., rhythm, 
melody, time; vertere modum, Hor.; esp. iiv 
plur., fli'bilibus modis concinere, Cic. B. a 
measure, bound, limit, boundary; 1, gen., modum 
imponere magistratni, Liv. ; modum lugcudi ali- 
quando facere, to male an end of bewailing, Cic. ; 
2, esp. in action, moderation, control; imitari 
caelestinm ordinem vitae modo et constantia, 
Cic. ; sine modo ac modestia, Sail. C. order, 
rule; aliis modum paeis ac belli facere, Liv. 
D. manner, mode, fashion, way, method; con- 
cludendi, Cic. ; servorum modo, after the manner 
of slaves, Liv.; hostilem in nioduin, in a hostile 
maimer, Cic. ; miruin in nioduin, Caes. ; quonani 
modo? Cic. ; eius modi, in that nunmer, if thai 
kind, Cic. ; hllins modi, Cic. 

moecha -ac, f. (uiocchus), an adulteress, Hor. 

moechor, l. dep. (moccliiis), to commit 
adultery, Cat. 

mocchus -i, m. (/ioixos), a, furiikutur, axlull- 
erer. Plant., Ter. 

moenera = inuncra (q.v.). 

1. moenia -ruin, n. (connected with munio). 
I. the walls or fortifications of a city; sub ipsis 
Numantiae moenibus, Cic. ; transf., a, poet., the 
walls, external compass, enclosure; navis, Ov. . 
Ilieatri, Lucr. ; caeli, Ov. ; b, defence, protection] 
bulwarks; alpes moenia Italiae, Ov. II. Meton., 
1, the city enclosed within the walls; Syracuse 



nioe 



349 



mol 



ai'iim moenlii ac partus, Cic. ; moenia tripllci 
circumdata muro, Vcrg. ; 2, mansion, dwelling; 

Bitis, Vcrg. 
2. moenia -ium, n. = mania (q.v.). 
moonio = munio (q.v.). 

1. Moenus -i, m. the river Main. 

2. moenus = munus (q.v.). 
moerus = minus (q.v.). 

Moesi -Chum, m. a. people in the modem Ser via 
Kin! Bulgaria; hence a, Moesia (Maesia) 
-:ie, f. tin' country of the. Moesi ; b, Moesiacus 
-a -inn, belonging to tlte Moesi. 

moereo, moeror, moestus = maereo, maeror, 
maestus (q.v.). 

mola -ac, t'. (molo), lit., a millstone. A. 
Henri', sing, and gen. plur., the mill-stone = the 
mill for grinding corn, olives, etc. ; molisoperain 
dare, Cic. B. Meton., grits, coarse meal, or flour, 
usually of spelt, which, mixed with salt, was 
sprinkled on victims before sacrilice; inola et 
vmuin, Cic 

molaris -e (mola). I. of or relating to a 
mill; 1, lit., subst., molaris -is m. a mill- 
stone, Verg. ; 2, transf., as big as a mill-stone; 
saxa. Sen.; subst., molaris -is, in. a huge 
block of stojie, Verg. II. belonging to grinding ; 
subst,, molaris -is, n>. a molar tooth, grinder, 
Juv. 

moles -is, f. a 'mass, a heap. I. Abstr. = 
something heavy, weighty. A. Lit., opposui 
molem clipei, weighty shield, Ov. ; ingenti mole 
Latinus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, mass, hcap = 
greatness, might, power; tanti imperii, Liv. ; 
pugnae, Liv. ; 2, trouble, difficulty ; majore mole 
pugnare, Liv. II. Concr., A. a heavy, shapeless 
muss; e.liaos, nulis indigestaqne moles, Ov. B. 
Esp., 1, a massive construction; a, a dam, mole; 
oppositae Quctibus, Cic; b, a large building; 
insanae substructionum moles, Cic. ; c, moles 
belli, large military machines, preparations for 
war, military works ; refectis vineis aliaque mole 
belli, Liv.; 2, a, amass of men, large number; 
hostes majorem molem hand facile sustinentcs, 
Liv. ; b, a mass of clouds, storm, Verg. 

moleste, adv. (molcstus), 1, unwillingly, 
with vexation, with annoyance : moleste fero, / 
take it ill, I am annoyed, I am sorry ; with ace. 
-and infin., to de praedio aviae cxerceri moleste 
fero, Cic. ; foil, by si, Cic. ; by quod, Cic. ; by 
ace, Cic. ; 2, in a troublesome or disagreeable 
manner ; of discourse, gait, etc., affectedly, Cat. 

molestia -ae, f. (inolestus), annoyance, dis- 
satisfaction, chagrin, disgust, dislike; 1, gen., 
fasces habent. molestiam, are attended with an- 
noyance, Cic. ; sine molestia tua, without trouble 
to yourself, Cic; ex pernicie reipublicae molest- 
iam trahere, to be chagrined at, Cic ; molestiam 
alicui aspergere, to cause annoyance to, Cic. ; 2, 
affectation, stiffness (of style); Latins loquendi 
accurata et sine molestia diligens elegantia, Cic. 

molcstus -a -urn (moles), burdensome, trouble- 
some, annoying, irksome; 1, gen., labor, Cic; 
nisi molestum est, exsurge, if it be not incon- 
venient, Cic ; tunica, a dress of inflammable mater- 
ials put on condemned criminals awl set alight, 
Juv. ; 2, of discourse, affected, laboured; Veritas, 
Cic. 

molimen -Inis, n. (molior), a great effort, 
exertion, undertaking ; res suo ipsa molimine 
gravis, Liv. ; meton., building; molimine vasto, 
Ov. 

molimentum -i, n. (molior), a great effort, 
exertion, endeavour; sine magno commeatu 
atque lnolimento, Caes. ; motain sede sua parvi 
molimenti adminiculis, by machines of small 
power, Liv. 



molior, 4. dep. (moles). I. Transit., A. Gen., 
to set. in 'motion, remove, displace ; ancoras, to weigh 
anchor, Liv. ; naves ab terra, to unmoor, Liv. ; 
inontes sede sua, Liv.; fulinina dextra, to hurl, 
Verg. ; habenas, to guide, direct, Verg. B. 1, 
to cause to totter, undermine ; portani, Liv.; 
transf., tideni, to undermine credit, Liv. ; 2, to 
work, cultivate the, earth; terrain, Liv.; arvaferro, 
Lucr. ; 3, a,'" build, erect, rear, raise; niuroo, 
arcem, Verg. ; classem, Verg. ; b, of abstract ob- 
jects, to undertake; nulla opera, Cic. ; 4, to 
cause', produce ; morbos, Verg. ; sibi opem, Verg. ; 
struere et moliri alicui aliquid calamitatis, to 
plot, devise, Cic. ; alicui insidias, to lay snares, 
Cic; perogrinuni regnuni, to strire after, endear- 
our to obtain, Liv. II. Keflex., to toil, struggle, 
exert oneself. A. Lit,, in denioliendo signo per- 
multi homines mofiebantur, Cic B. Transf., 
again per me ipse et moliar, Cic. 

molitio -onis, f. (molior), 1, a demolition, 
demolishing; valli, Liv.; 2, an effort, laborious 
undertaking, preparation ; rerum, Cic. 

molitor -oris, m, (molior), a builder, erector, 
producer, contriver, author ; mundi, Cic. 

mollesco, 3. (mollio), 1, to become soft, Ov. ; 
2, transf., to become soft, effeminate; turn genus 
humanuni primum mollescere coepit, Lucr. 

mollicellus -a-um(dim. of mollis), somewhat 
soft, somewhat tender, Cat. 

mollieulus -a -um (dim. of mollis), 1, some 
what soft or tender, Plant.; 2, transf., somewhat 
effeminate, Cat. 

mollio, 4. (mollis), to make pliable, flexible, 
soft, supple. I. A. Lit., lanam trahendo, to spin, 
Ov. ; artus oleo, Liv. ; cerain pollice, Ov. ; cibutu 
vapore, Lucr. ; iiigoribus durescit humor, et idem 
mollitur tepefactus, Cic. ; glebas, to loosen, soften, 
Ov. B. Transf., 1, clivuin anfractibus modicis, 
to diminish the steepness of the ascent, Caes. ; 2, 
fructus feros colendo, to render less Jtarsh, Verg. 
II. Fig., A. lacrlmae meoruin me interdum 
molliunt, Cic. B. 1, to soften, to vmke milder, 
make gentle; poetae molliunt aniinos nostras, 
Cic ; feroces militiun amnios, Sail. ; vocem, 
make womanish, Cic; ferro mollita juventus. 
emasculated, castrated, Lucr. ; 2, a, to male 
milder, le^s disagreeable, render bearable ; verba 
usu, Cic ; poenain, Ov. ; b, to tame, restrain, 
keep within bounds; Hanmbalem exsnltaiitem 
paticntia sua molliebat, Cic. ; sedare motus et 
aniinos eorum mollire, Cic. (syncop. iinperf., 
inollibat, Ov.). 

■mollipcs -pedis (mollis and pes), soft-footed, 
i.e., having a trailing walk (Qr. eiAin-ous), Cic 

mollis -e (= movilis. from moveo), soft, ten- 
der, pliant, supple, flexible yielding. I. A. 1, 
lit., juncus, acanthus, Verg. ; crura, colla, Verg. ; 
brachia, Ov. ; arcus, unstrung, Ov. ; zephyri, 
gentle, Ov. ; 2, transf., n, of works of art, soft, 
not stiff, graceful; signa, Cic; of orators and 
poetry, oratio mollis et tenera, Cic. ; b, of 
places, witha gentle ascent ; fastigium, Caes. B. 
soft to the. touch ; 1, lit., cervix, maiius, Ov. ; of 
the ground, mollis humus, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
mild; nestas, Verg.; vina, Verg. II. Fig. A. 
gentle, sensitive, tender; 1, mollis animus ad 
accipiendam et ad deponendam offeiisionem, 
Cic ; homo mollissiino aninio, Cic. ; 2, effemin- 



ate, unmanly, weak; pliilosophus, Cic; disci- 
plina, Cic; vita, Ov. B. gentle, mild, pleasant; 
1, mollem ac juenndam efticere senectutem, 
Cic ; 2, a, compassioncde, gentle, mild, com- 
plaisant, easy; oratio, Cic; jussa, Verg.; b, 
tender, moving; verbis molllbuslenire altquein, 
Hor. ; illud mollfssiiunm carmen, Cic. 

molliter, adv. (mollis), 1, softly, easily, 

gently ; quis membra movere mollius possit, 



iiioi 



350 



moil 



/Tor, ; exctldent spirantia moiling aera, with 
morn gwce or skill, Verg.; 2, tig., a, dentin, 
easily ; quod ferendum estmolliter sapientJ, C'ic. ; 
in a bad nciisc, weakly, without energy; nimis 
molliter aegrittidlnein pati, Sail.; b, effemin- 
ately; delicate et inollitervivere,Cic. ; c, mildly, 
compassionately ; feci parce et. molliter, Cic. 

mollitia -ae, f. ami lollities -ei, f. 
(mollis). I. Lit., softness, tenderness, flexibility, 
pliancy; cervicum, Cic II. Fig., A. Gen., ten- 
derness, gentleness, mildness, sensibility; animi, 
Cic. ; naturae, Cic. B. Esp., effeminacy, weak- 
ness; civitatum mores lapsi ad mollitiain, Cic. 

mollltudo -Inis, f. (mollis). I. softness, 
pliability, flexibility; assimilis spongiis mol- 
litudo, Cic. II. Fig., tenderness, softness, sens- 
itiveness; humanitatis, Cic. 

moTo -uijltum, 3. (mola), to grind in. a mill. 
Partic., mclltus -a -urn, ground; cibaria 
moliUi, meal, Caes. 

MclorchUS -i, m. (MdAopxog), a poor vine- 
dresser near Nemea, who hospitably received 
Hercules v:hen about to slay the Nemean lion; 
Molorchi luci, poet.= the Nemean woods, Verg. 

Molossl -orum, m. (MoA.o<ro-oi), the inhabit- 
ants of Molossia, a, district of Eastern Spirits. 
Hence, adj., a, Mdlossus -a -uin, Molossian ; 
canis, Hor. ; subst, Molossus -i, m. a Molos- 
sian hound, in great request as a sporting dog, 
Hor. ; b, Molcssicus -a -um, Molossian. 

mdly -yos, n. (nu>Au), the herb moly, given by 
Mercury to Ulysses as a counter cliarm against 
the enchantments uf Circe, Ov. 

momen -inis, n. (= movinien, from moveo), 

1, movement, motion ; e salso consurgere mom- 
ine ponti, Lucr. ; 2, momentum, impulse, Lucr. 

momentum -i, n. (= movimentum, from 
moveo). I. movement, motion. A. 1, lit., astra 
forma ipsa (iguraque sua momenta sustentant, 
Cic; 2, of time, a smallportion of time, minute, 
moment ;parvo momen to, Caes.; momento temp- 
orls, Liv.; momento liorae, in the short space oj 
an hour, Liv. ; or simply momento, Liv. B. 
Fig., 1, oscillatioti; sine momento rerum, Lucr.; 

2, change, alteration ; momentum facere an- 
nonae, Liv. II. that which pints 'in, motion, 
im]mlse. A. Lit., tit (arbores) levi momento 
impulsae occlderent, Liv. B. Fig., 1, influence, 
cause ; parva momenta in spem metumqne 
animum impellere, Liv. ; 2, turning-point, in- 
fluencing cause ; a, parvo momento si ad- 
juvassent, with slight he.lp, Liv. ; b, weight, im- 
portance, influence; si quid habeat momenti 
commendatio mea, Cic. ; esse maximi momenti 
et ponderis, Cic. ; argumentorum momenta, 
decisive proofs, Cic. ; juvenis egregius maximum 
momentum rerum eitis civitatis, a man of com- 
manding influence, Liv. 

Mona -ae, f. an island off the coast of Britain 
{A nglesea or the Isle of Man). 

Mdnaeses -is, m. (Morai'aTjs), a general of 
the, 1'arthians, who deflated the Romans. 

monedula -ae, f. a daw, jackdaw, C'ic. 

moneo -rii -Hum, 2. (from root MEN, whence 
mens), to remind, admonish. I. Terentiam de 
testamento, Cic. II. A. Lit, 1, a. to warn, 
teach, admonish ; with de and the abf., aliquem 
de retinenda Sestii gratia, Cic. ; with ace. of 
person and neut. ace, id ipsum quod me mones, 
Cic ; with ace. and iutin., magis iaoneuui tempus 
tc esse ullum umquam reperturum, C'ic ; with 
rel. sent., mi.net quo statu sit ren, Liv.; b, 
to atlri e, recommend; with ut and thefmbj., ut 
magnaminfamiam fugiat, C'ic ; with suhj. alone, 
eos hoc moneo desinantfurere, Cic. ; with no ami 
the subj., ne id faceret, Cic. ; with inlin., 



ofTicium conservare, C'ic. ; 2, to instritcl, prompt, 
suggest; tu vatem, tu, diva, mone, Verg.; do 
aliquare, Cic B. 1, to admonish by punishment, 
Tac ; 2, to urge on ; canes, Prop. 

moneris -is, f. (p.oi>jp>)s), a vessel having only 
one bank of oars, Liv. 

Moneta -ae, f. (moneo). I. A. the mother of 
the Muses (= M lojjuooTnij). B. a surname of Juno, 
and, as the Roman money was coined in' the 
temple of Juno Moneta, hence, II. A. the 
mint,. the. place where money was coined, Cic. B. 
Meton., 1, coined metal, money, Ov.; 2, the die 
or stamp with, which money was coined, Mart.; 
transf., communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, 
Juv. 

monetalis -is, m. (moneta), relating to the 
mint; in jest, one who asks for money , Cic 

morale -is, n. a necklace, a collar, Cic. 

monimentum = monumentum (q.v.). 

monlta -orum, n. (moneo), l,warn ing, Cic; 
2, prophecies ; deorum, Cic. 

monitio -onis, f. (moneo), a reminding, 
warning, admonishing, admonition, Cic. 

monitor -oris, m. (moneo). I. one who 
reminds. A. officii, Sail. B. a, one who sup- 
plies an orator with facts, an assistant, prompter, 
Cic.; b, a nomenclative, who reminds one of per- 
sons' names, C'ic. II. an adviser, instructor; 
fatuus, Cic. 

mdnitUS -us, m. (moneo), 1, a reminding, 
warning, admonition, Ov. ; 2, an intimation of 
the will of the gods by oracles, augury, poiients, 
omens, etc; monitus Fortunae, Cic. 

Monoecus -i, m. (Mrfroucos, he that dwells 
alone), surname of Hercules; Monoeei Arx el 
Portus, promontory and harbour on the coast nj 
Ligvria, now Monaco. 

monogrammos -on (txov6ypaixiJ.o$), of pie- 
tures, consisting only of outlines, sketched ; 
Epicurus monogrammos deos et nihil agent es 
commentus est, incorporeal, shadowy, C'ic. 

monopddium -li, n. (jxovo-oSioi), a table 
with one.joot, Liv. 

monopolium-ii, n.(/ioromoAioi-), amonopoly, 
sola right of sale, Suet. 

mons, montis, in. a mountain. I. A. Lit., 
mons impendens, Cic. ; prov. of large promises 
followed by small performance, parturiunt 
montes, nascetur ridiculus mus, Hor. B. 
Meton., a rock; improtms, Verg. II. Transf., 
a large mass, great quantity; mons aqunriim, 
Verg.'; maiia moniesque polliceri, to make large 
promises, Sail. 

monstrator -oris, m. (monstro), a discoverer, 
teacher; aratri, Triptolemus, Verg. 

monstrifer -fSra -fSrum (moustrum and 
fero), producing monsters, horrible, monstrous, 
riin. 

monstro, 1. (=monestro, from moneo), to 
show, point out. I. By signs or gestures, digito 
indice ad hoc, Hor. ; proceram palmam Deli 
monstrant, Cic. II. By words, A. to show, 
point out, teach, inform ; tu istic si quid librarii 
mea maun lion intelligent monstrabis, Cic. 
B. 1, to ordain, institute, appoint; piaeula, 
Verg.; 2, to inform against, denounce; alii rib 
amieis monstrabantur, Tac ; 3, to advise, urge ; 
conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat, S'erg. 

monstrum -i, n. (= monestrum, from 
moneo). I. « supernatural event, a prodigy, 
portent, Cic. II. a monster, monstrosity; a, of 
persons, monstrum horrendum, Polyphemus, 
Verg. ; immanissimum ac foedissimnm mon- 
striiin, tin, tin;, Cic.; b, of things, non mihi 
jam furtum, sed monstrum ac prpdigimn vide- 



ifloil 



351 



nior 



batur, Cic. ; esp., wonders or marvels; monstra 
uuntiare, Cic. 

monstrudse, adv. (monstruosus), strangely, 
wonderfully, monstrously, Cic. 

monstruosus -a -nm (monstrum), strange, 
singular, wonderful, monstrous; monstruosissima 
bestia, Cic. 

montanus -a -urn (mous). I. of or relating 
to a mountain, dwelling on mountains, fbunil on 
mountains; loca montana et aspera, Liv. ; 
Ligures, Liv. ; subst, a, montanus -i, m. a 
■mountaineer, Caes. ; b, montana -drum, n. 
Mountainous districts, Liv. II. rick in moun- 
tain*, mountainous ; Dalmatia, Ov. 

monticola -ae, c. (mons and colo), « dweller 
among llie mountains, mountaineer, Ov. 

montivagus -a -um (mons and vagus), 
wandering over the mountains; CUTSUS, Cic. 

montuosus -a -um (mons), mountainous, 
full of mountains; regio aspera et montuosa, 
Cic. ; subst., montuosa -orum, n. mountainous 
districts, Plin. 

monumentum (monimentum) -i, n. 
(moneo), that which is intended to preserve the 
'recollection of anything ; a memorial, monument. 

1. Lit., monunieuti causa, Cic; esp., a, a 
building, statue, temple, gallery, etc. ; raonunienta 
Africani, statues, Cic. ; b, a sepulchre, Cic. ; c, 
written memorials, annals, memoirs; monnmenta 
renuri gestarum, Cic. ; commendare aliquid 
monument is, Cic. II. Transf., laudis, clem- 
ent iac, furtorum, Cic. 

Mopsli -orum, m. a noble family in Compsa. 
Hence, Mopsiani -orum, m. the dependants of 
the Mopsii. 

Mcpsdpius -a -um (from Mo^om'a, an an- 
cient name of Attica), Attic, Athenian; juvenis, 
Triptolemus, Ov. ; muri, urbs, Athens, Ov. 

Mopsuhestia (Mobsuestia) -ac, f. a town 
in Ciliiia. 

Mopsus -i, in. (Mo'^os). I. the seer of the 
Argonauts. II. son of Apollo and Munto. III. 
■name of a shepherd in Vergil. 

1. mora -ae, f. I. delay. A. Gen., moram 
alicui rei inferre, afferre, Cic. ; creditoribus 
facere, to put off the day of payment, Cic; trah- 
ere, Verg. ; res habet (suffers) moram, Cic. ; non 
(or nulla) mora est with quin or quominus and 
the subj., Cic. ; sine mora, without delay, Cic. 
B. 1, pause on a march, Liv.; 2, a pause in 
discourse, Cic. II. Transf., 1, space oftime,Ov.; 

2, « hindrance, Liv. 

2. mora -ae, f. (p.6pa), a division of the Sparta n 
army, of 400, 500, 700, or 900 men, Nep. 

moralis -e (mores), moral, ethiccd; pliilo- 
sopliiae pars, Cic. 

morator -oris, m. (inoror). I. a loiterer or 
logger behind, Liv. II. a delayer, retarder. A. 
Gen., publici commodi, Liv. B. ait advocate 
who talked against time, Cic. 

1. moratus, partus, of inoror. 

2. moratus -a -uin (mores). I. having 
certain manners or morals ; bene, melius, optime 
moratus, Cic. II. adapted to manners ov charac- 
ter, characteristic; poema, Cic; recte morata 
fabula, (ft which the characters are correctly 
drawn, II or. 

morbldUS -a -um (morbus), 1, sickly, dis- 
eased, morbid, Plin.; 2, unwholesome, causing 
disease, Lucr. 

morbosus -a -um (morbus), sickly, diseased, 
worn out, Cat. 

morbus -i, m. disease, sickness. I. Physical ; 
a, mortifer, Cic. ; in morbo esse, to be sick, 



Cic; morbo laborare, opprimi, Cic. ; conflictarl, 
Nep. ; morbus ingravescit, groius worse, increases 
in violence, Cic ; ex morbo convalescent, to get 
well, Cic. ; morbum simulare, Cic. ; b, personif., 
as a goddess, Verg. II. Of mental diseases, 
animi morbl Buntcupiditatesinunensaeet inancs 
divitiarum gloriae, Cic. 

mordaciter.adv. (mordax), bitingly,sharply; 
lima mordacius uti, Ov. 

mordax -acis (mordeoX biting, <iiven to 
biting, snappish. I. A. Lit., cauis, Plaut. B. 
Fig., a, biting, satirical; Cynicus, Hor. ; car- 
men, Ov. ; b, wearing, corroding ; aollicitudines, 
" eating cares," Hor. II. a, stinging; nrtica, 
Ov. ; b, sharp ; ferrum, Hor. ; c, pungent, biting 
in taste; fel, Ov. 

mordeo, momordi, morsum, 2. to bile. I. 
A. Lit., 1, canes mordent, Cic. ; 2, to bite, eat; 
pabula dente, Ov. B. Transf., to bite, sting, 
hurt, pain; aliquem dictis, Ov. ; conscientia 
inordcor, Cic. ; valde me momorderunt epistolae 
tuae, Cic. II. to bite into, cut into, take fast 
hold of; a, fibula mordet vestem, Ov. ; b, of 
rivers, to indent, wear away; rura quae Liris 
quicta mordet aqua, Hor. ; c, to nip, bite, sting ; 
matutiua parum cantos jam frigora mordent, 
Hor. 

mordicitus = mordicus (q.v.). 

mordicus, adv. (mordeo). I. Lit., with the 
teeth, by biting; auferre mordictts auriculaui, 
Cic. II. Transf., tcnere aliquid mordicus, to 
keep fast hold of; perspicuitatem, Cic. t 

morctum -i, a. a rustic salad made of garlic, 
parsley, vinegar, oil, etc, Ov. 

moribundus -a -um (morior). I. Middle, 
1 dying, expiring ; jacentein moribundumque 
vidisti, Cic. ; 2, subject to death, mortal ; memln-a, 
Verg. II. Act., causing death, deadly, Cat. 

morig£ror, 1. dep. (mos and gero), to ac- 
commodate oneself to, comply with, gratify, sub- 
serve; voluptati annum morlgerari debet nratib, 
Cic. 

morigerus -a -um (mos and gero), com- 
pliant, obedient, accommodating, obsequious, Lucr. 

Morini -orum, m. a people in Gallia Belgica. 

morior, mortuus sum, mdrlturus, 3. dep. to • ^ 
die. I. Lit., ex vulnere, Liv. ; ferro, Liv.; hoc 
morbo, Cic. ; fame, Cic. ; frigore, Hor. ; in suo 
lectulo, Cic. ; voces morientes, of a dying man, 
Cic; moriar si, may I die if, Cic. II. Transf, 
A. to jierish with love, Ov. B. Of things and 
abstr. subject r, to die away, wither away, decay; 
a, segetes morinntur in herbis, Ov. ; b, of fire, 
to be extinguished ; flaminas et vidi nullo con- 
cutiente niori, Ov. ; of parts of the body, to lose 
strenqth; at hi (lacerti) mortui jam sunt, Cic; 
C, of abstractions, to come to an end, perish ; 
suavissimi hominis memoria moritur, Cic. ; p. 
adj., mortuus -a -um, dead; subst., mor- 
tuus -i, m. a dead man, Cic. 

mormyr -yris, f. Qj.opp.vpoi), a sea-fish, Ov. 

morologus -a -um (pwpo\6yos), talking like 
a fool, foolish ; subst., a fool, Plaut. 

1. moror, 1. dep. (mora), to linger, loiter, 
tarry, delay. I. A. Lucceius narravit Brutum 
valde morari, Cic. ; with infln., alicui bellum 
inferre, Cic. ; nihil moror, foil, by quominus 
and subj., Liv. B. to stay, tarry in a place; 
Brundiaii, Cic. ; in provincia, Cic II. 1, to 
cause delay to another, to delay, retard, keep back, 
detain, hinder; impetum sustinere atque morari, 
Caes.; aliquem ab itinera, Liv.; 2, a, esp. of 
the judge in acquitting and dismissinga person, 
C. Seinpronium nihil moror, Liv. ; b, as a for- 
mula, in breaking off a discourse; ne te moret, 
Hor. ; c, nihil morari, (a) to care nothing for; nee 



mor 



352 



mov 



dona rnoror, Verg.; (/3) to hare nothing to say 
against ; nihil inoror, ens salvos esse, ap. Cic. ; 
3, (O detain the attention of, fetter; novitate 
morandus spectator, Hor. 

2. moror, 1, dep. (ptopos), to be foolish, to be 
p. foot, Suet. 

morose, adv. (morosus), peevishly, captiously, 
Cic. 

morosltas -atis, f. (morosus), peevishness, 
fretjulness, moroseness, Cic. ; pedantry, excessive 
fastidiousness in style, Suet. 

morosus -a -um (inos), peevish, morose, cap- 
ricious, captious, fretful; senes, cic; canities, 
Hor. ; morbus, obstinate, Ov. 

Morpheus -€os, m. (Mop<£cv?), godof dreams. 

mors, mortis, f. (root MOR, whence morior, 
cmnu'Cteil with 0pot6?, /uapau'w), death. I. A. 
Lit., omnium rerum mors est extremum, Cic. ; 
mortem sibi conseiseere, to commit suicide, Cic; 
mortem alicui inferre, to slay, kill, Cic; alicui 
morti esse, cause a person's death, Cic ; aiiquem 
ex media inorte eripere, Cic. ; plur., mortes, 
kinds of death ; clarae mortes pro patria oppet- 
itae, Cic. E. Personified as a goddess, daughter 
of Erebus and Kox. II. Meton., 1, a corpse, 
Plin. ; 2, life-blood ; ensem multa morte recepit, 
Verg.; 3, one who brings death or destruction; 
mors terrorque sociorum lietor Sextius, Cic. 

morsus -us, m. (mordeo), a bite, biting. I. 
A. Lit., 1, serpentis, Cic; morsu dividere 
escas, Cic; 2, eating; mensarum, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, a seizing, laying hold of, like the bite 
of an anchor, Verg.; and meton., that which 
seizes, morsus uncus, the fluke of an anchor, 
Verg. ; roboris, the cleft of a tree holding fast a 
javelin, Verg. ; 2, a biting taste, pungency, Mart. 
II. Fig., 1, a carping or malicious attack with 
words, Hor. ; 2, mental pain, vexation; curarum, 
(J v. ; doloris, Cic. 

mortalis -o (mors), subject to death, mortal. I. 
Lit., 1, omne animal esse mortale, Cic. Subst., 
a, mortalis -is, m. a mortal man, a man ; and 
esp., plur., mortals, men, Cic.; b, mortale 
-is, n. that which is mortal or perishable, Cic; 
2, transf., transitory, temporary, jxissing away ; 
lt-grs, inimieitiao, Cic. II. Transf., relating or 
belonging to mortal men, mortal, human, earthly ; 
conditio vitae, Cic. Subst., mortalia -Iuin, n. 
mortal things, mortal affairs, and esp., human 
sufferings; et mentem mortalia tangunt, Verg. 

mortalitas -fit is, f. (mortalis). I. the being 
subject to death, Cic. II. human nature, the 
nature of man regarded as mortal; mortalitatein 
explere, to die, Tac 

mortar lum -Ii, n. a mortar, Plin. 

morticinus -a -um (mors), dead, Plin. 

mortxfer -ffra -forum (mors and fero), caus- 
ing death, fatal, deadly, mortal ; vulnus, morbus, 
Cic 

mortualia -lum, n.(mortnu8),/ttnern2 songs, 
dirges, Plant. 

mortuus -a -um, partie. of morior (q.v.). 

mornm -i, n. (jiupov, fiopav), 1, a mulberry, 
Verg. ; 2, a. blackberry, Ov. 

1. mdrus -i, f. a mulberry- tree, Ov. 

2. mdrus -a -um (p-wpoO, silly, foolish, Plant. 

mos, muris, m. the will of a person. I. self- 
will, caprice; morem nlicni gererc, to comply 
wi:h a person's wishes, Cic. II. A. Lit*, custom ; 
1, a, enstow, usage, wont ; de more suo clecedere, 
Cic. ; esse in more majonim, traditional line, of 
conduct, Cic; mos est with genit. gerund, mos 
est ita rogandi, Cic ; with infln., magorum mos 
est non humare corpora, Cic. ; with ace. arid 
infln., mos est Athenis laudari In continue eos, 



etc., Cic; mos est or moris est with ut and tlie- 
subj., mos est hominum ut nolint eundem plur- 
ibua rebus excellere, Cic ; cum morem tenere, 
to observe, Cic ; abl. as adv., more mnjorum, 
after the way of the ancestors, Cic. ; uieo, tuo, suo 
more, Cic; b, fashion, mode; quoniam ita se 
mores liabent, Sail. ; 2, gen. plur., manners, 
character, disposition, morals; suavissimi, justi, 
fori, Cic ; totam vitain, naturam, moresque 
alicuius cognoscere, Cic ; describerc hominum 
sermoncs moresque, Cic. B. Transf., 1, quality, 
nature, manner, use and wont; sidernm, Verg.; 
more, ad morem or in morem, after the fash ion 
of, foil, by genit., Cic; 2, rule, law ; mores viris 
ponere, Verg. ; sine more, without rule or rontrol, 
Verg.; quid ferri duritia pugnaeius? seel oedit 
et patitur mores," Plin. 

Mosa -ae, f. a river in Gallia Bclgica, now the 
Meusc. 

Moschus -i, m. (Mdtrxo?), a rhetorician of 

Pergamus, accused of poisoning. 

Mosella -ae, f. a river in Gallia Bclgica, now 
the Moselle. 

Mosteni -Gram, m. the inhabitants of the 
Lydirni town Mostena or -en. 

motto -onis, f. <moven). I. movement, motion ; 
corpomm, Cic. II. Transf^ emotion, feting; 
motiones nnimi, Cic. 

moto, 1. (intens. of moveo), to move up and 
down, move frequently ; lacertos, Ov. ; zephyris 
motantibus, Verg. 

1. mot us -a -um, partie. of moveo. 

2. motUS -us, m. (moveo). I. a motion, move- 
ment. A. Lit., a, uatura omnia ciens motilimt 
suis, Cic. ; b, terrae, an earthquake, Cic. ; c, 
motion of the body, movement, gesture; esp. of an 
orator, manuum motus teneant illud decorum, 
Cic ; ex motus mei mediocritate, Cic. ; the ges- 
tures of actors or pantomimic dancers; baud 
indecoros motus more Tusco dare, Liv. ; dare 
motus Cereri, to lead dances, Verg. B. Transf., 

I, motion ofthemind; a, of the senses, dulcem 
motum afferent, Cic; b, of the mind, activity; 
motus animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogita- 
tionis, alteri appetitus, Cic. ; esp., (a) movement 
of the passions; motus animi nimii, Cic; (fi) 
motion of the will, impulse ; sine motu animi et 
cogitntione, Cic ; 2, political movement, insur- 
rection, riot, commotion ; nmnes Catilinae motus 
prohibere, Cic; motum afferre reipublicae, Cic. 

II. revolution in a state, Cic 

moveo. movi, motum, 2. (connected with 
mutare, d/ici'/3eir, ere.). I. to more, set in motion, 
stir. A. Lit., a, caelum. Cic; reflex., terra mnvet, 
Liv.; b, to more the body ; se movereand moveri, 
/.-, dance, Cic; c, milit. t. t., movere anna, to 
take up arms; adrersus aiiquem, Liv. B, 
Transf., 1, to produce a bad effect on the. body, to 
attack, affect; intnleranda vis aestus corpora 
movit, Liv.; 2, to more -mentally; a, se ml 
motum fortnnae, Cars. ; h,(a)to influence, work 
upon, affect ; pnlchritudo corporis movet oculos, 
Cic ; moveri aliqua re, to lie disturbed, made 
anxious by, Verg. ; (p) to more compassion, more, 
affect; Roscii morte moveri, Cic; (y) to work 
upon, induce; with ut and the subj., Cic; 3, 
politically, to cause a, commotion, arouse, excitt ; 
omnia, Sail. ; 4, to change, shake, shatter ; alicuius 
sententiam, Cic ; (idem, Ov. II. tomove from a 
place. A. a, limum e gurgite, Ov. ; b, tocause, 
produce, excite; risum, Cic ; inisericordiam, Cic ; 
C, to bring to notice, bring before ; historias, 
Hor. ; d, to begin ; bellum, Cic B. to remove, 
put out of its ybu-e ; a, fundamenta loco, Cic. ; 
se de Cnmann, Cic; b, milit. ti, movere signa, 
easlra, or simply movere or moveri, to march 
away, more from a place ; Castra ex en loco, 



motf 



853 



mul 



(\ies. ; c, to dispossess; ;ilii|i\em ck ajgrt), Cic. ; 
d, 'o cause to move from, one's position, dislodge; 
husteni statu, Liv. ; e, to expel; aliqueni de 
senatu, Cic. ; f, to make a person change his 
opinion; aliquem de sententia, Liv. 

mox, adv. (moveo). I. Of future time, soon, 
presently; jussit inihi nunciari mox se venttir- 
um, Cic. II. then, thereupon ; mox rediit Cre- 
inonam reliquiis populus, Tac. ; mox . . . pos- 
tremo, Liv. 

Moyses -is or -i, m. Moses. 

mucidus -a -um (mucus), mouldy, musty, 

Juv. _ 

Mucins -a -mi), name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members if which were: 1, C. 
Mucins Curdus (Scaevola), a Roman, who came 
to Porseiui's camp to kill him, awl being detected, 
thrust his right hand into the, fire, and received 
the name of Scaevola (left -ham led); 2, P. Mucins 
Scaevola, friend of the Gracchi, enemy of the 
younger Scipio Africanns ; 3, Qu. Mucins 
Scaevola, augur, husband of Laelia; 4, Qu. 
MuciUS Scaevola, jurist, and statesman, l'onlifex 
Maximu.1, whose, administration of the province, of 
Asia was so upright tliat the. Asiatics celebrated 
a festival in honour of him, called Mucin ; 5, 
Mucia, Die. wife of Cn. Pompeiu.1. Adj., Mucian ; 
snb.it., Mucia -ornm, n. the festival instituted 
in honour of Mucins Scaevola (IV). Hence, adj., 
MucianilS -a -nm, relating to Mucins ; exitus, 
death of Qu. Mucins Scaevola (IV), murdered by 
Damasippus in the temple of Vesta. 

mucro -iinis, in. a sharp point or edge. A. 
Lit., a, cultri, Juv. ; b, esp., a sword's point or 
edge; transf., the sword; inucroiies militum 
tremere, Cic. B. Transf., sharpness, point; 
l.ribunicius, Cic; Jefensionis tuae, Cic. 

mucus -i, iu. (mungo), the mucous matter of 
the nose, Cat. 

mugil (mugilis) -is, m. (p.v£os), a fish, per- 
haps the mullet, PJin. 

muginor, 1. dep. (mugio), to loiter, trifle 
away time, dally ; dum tu nuiginaris, Cic. 

mugio -Ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (from sound mil, 
whence nwcdw), to bellow as an ox, low. I. Lit., 
of cattle, Liv.; subst, mugientes = «it, Hor. 
II. Transf., to roar, bray, rumble, groan; mugit 
tubae clangor, Verg.; subpedibus liiugire solum, 
Yerg. ; si inugiat Africis mains procellis, Hor. 

mugitUS -us, m. (mugio). I. the lowing, 
bellowing of cattle; bourn, Verg. II. Transf., 
a rumbling, groaning, creaking ; terrae, Cic. 

mula -ae, f. (mulus), a female mule, Cic. 

mulceo, mulsi, mulsinn, 2. to stroke. I. A. 
Lit., mami inulcens barbam, Ov. B. Transf., 
to touch lightly; virga capillos, Ov. II. Fig., 

1, to charm, delight, enchant; aliqueni fistula, 
Hor. ; 2, to soothe, appease ; tigres, Verg.; et ipso 
mulcente et increpante Marcio, Liv. ; aliquem 
dictis, Ov. ; liuctus, iras, Verg. ; vulnera, to allay 
pain, Ov. 

Mulciber -eris and -eri, m. (mulceo, lit., 
the inciter), 1, a surname of Vulcan, Cic, Ov. ; 

2, meton., fire, Ov. (genit. syncop., Mulcibii). 
mulco, 1. (MULC, whence also mulc-eo, 

mulg-eo), to thrash, maltreat, cudgel, handle, 
rougldy; male mulcati clavis ac fustibus rcpcl- 
luntnr, Cic. 

mulcta, mulcto, = multa, multo (q.v.). 

mulctra -ae, f. (mulgeo), a milk-pail, Verg. 

mulctrarium -li, n. (mulgeo), a milk-pail, 
Hor. 

mulctrum -i, n. (mulgeo), a milk-pail, Hor. 

mulgeo, mulsi, mulctum, 2. (root MULC, 

whence also mulceo), to milk, Verg.; pi-ov., 

12 



mulgere hh'COS, of an impossible undertaking, 
Verg. H 

muliebris -e (mulier). I. of or relating to 
a woman, womanly, feminine; vox, Cic ; vestis, 
Nep. ; bellnm, Cic; certamen, on account of a 
woman, Liv.; Fortuna Muliebris, revered in 
memory of the women who had appeased the anger 
of Coriolawus, Liv. II, Transf., 'womanish, 
effeminate, 'unmanly ; sententia, Cic. 

muliebriter, adv. (muliebris), after the 
manner of a ivoman, effeminately, womanishly; 
se lamentis muliebriter lacrimisque dedeie, Cic. 

mulier -fris, f. I. a woman, Cic. II. a 
■wife, matron; vil'go ant mulier, Cic; eras 
mulier erit, Cic. 

mullerarius -a -nm (mulier), icomanish; 

manus, a troop of soldiers sent by a woman, Cic. 

miillercula -ae, f. (dim. of mulier), a little 
■woman, used contemptuously, suas secum mnl- 
ierculas in castra ducere, Cic. 

mulicrositas -atis, f. (mulierosus), exces- 
sive lore of women, Cic. 

mulierosus -a -nm (mulier), fond of women, 
Cic. 

mulinus -a -urn (mulus), of or relating to a 
mule, Juv. 

mulio -chlis, m. (mulus), a mule-keeper, mule- 
driver, muleteer, one who lets mules to hire, Cic. 

muliomus and (later) mulionicus -a -nm 
(mulio), of or relating to a muleteer, Cic. 

mull as -i, ra. the. red mullet, Cic. 

mulSUS -a -urn (mcl), 1, mixed with honey, 
swceteneil. with honey, Plin. ; subst., mulsum 
-i, n. wine sweetened with honey; calix mulsi, 
Cic; 2, transf., as sweet as honey ; dicta mulsa, 
sweet words, Plaut. 

multa (mulcta) -ae, f. o punishment con- 
sisting in loss of property (originally a fine iu 
cattle) ; usually a money-fine, fine, mulct ; imiltam 
dicere, to fix a fine, Cic; imiltam petere, irrog- 
are, to propose that an accused person should be 
fined to a certain amount, Cic. ; multani certare, 
to discuss on both sides the amount of a fine, Cic. ; 
aliquem multa multare, to punish by a fine, Cic; 
multam committere, to incur a fine, Cic. 

multangulus -a -urn (inultus and angulus), 
many -cornered, multangular, Lucr. 

multaticiUS -a -nm (inulta), belonging or 
relating to a fine; pecunia, Liv. 

multatlo -onia, f. (1. multo), a penalty, fine, 
mulct; bonorum, Cic. 

multesimus -a -um (multus), very small; 
pars, Lucr. 

multicavus -a -um (inultus and cavus), 
having many holes, porous ; pumex, Ov. 

multicia -ornm, n. (inultus and ico), soft, 
finely-woven garments, Jnv. 

multifarlam,adv.(multifarius from inultus), 
on many sides, in many places, Cic 

multif i'dus -a -um (multus and findo), 
cloven into many jKirts; faces, Ov. ; transf., 
Ister, having many branches, Mart. 

multiformis -e (multus and forma), having 
many shapes, multiform, manifold, of many kinds ; 
qualitates, Cic 

multiforus -a -um (multus and foria), 
having many openings, pierced with many holes; 
multifori tibia buxi, Ov. 

multigeneris -o (multus and genus), of 
many kinds, of many sorts, Plaut. 

multigenus -a -um = multigeneris (q.v.).- 
multijugus -a -um and multiiiigis -e 
(multus and jugum), many-yoked, yoked many 



iiiul 



354 



mun 



together. I. Lit., equi, Liv. II. Transf., mani- 
fold, of many sorts; literae, Cic. 

multimodis, adv. (for mull is mod is), (n 

many ways, variously, Lucr. 

multimodus -a -tun (multus and modus), 
'various, manifold, Liv. (?) 

multiplex -pllcia (multus and plex, from 
plico), having many folds. I. Lit., a, nlvusest 
multiplex et tortuosa, Cic. ; b, witli many winds 
and turnings; vitis serpens multiplici lapsu, 
Cic; c, with vmny layers; loi'ica, Verg.; d, 
having many parts; corona, Cic; e, manifold, 
many, numerous; multiplices fetus, numerous 
'offspring, Cic.; f, many times as la rye; multiplex 
quam pro nuuiero damnum est, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. Of things, of many different kinds, 
many-sided, manifold; multiplex ratio disput- 
andi, Cic. B. Of persons, many-sided ; varius 
et multiplex et copiosns, Cic. ; multiplices 
naturae, Cic. ; ingenimn, versatile, changeable, (Jin. 

multiplicabilis -e (multiplico), having 

•many folds, Cic. 

multiplico, 1. (multiplex), to increasemany 
times, multiply; aes alienum, Caes. ; tlumina 
collectis multiplicantnr aquis, Ov. ; domus mul- 

tiplieata, enlarged, Cic. 

multitudo -inis, f. (multus), a large number, 
multitude. I. Gen., litterarum, Cic. II. Esp., 
of men ; 1, a large number of men, crowd, multi- 
tude ; tanta multitudo lapides ac tela jaciebat, 

Caes. ; 2, in a contemptuous sense, (he common 
people, mob, multitude; faraa ft multitudinis 
judicio moveri, Cic. 

multlvolus -a -urn (multus and volo), 
having many wishes or desires, Cat. 

1. multo (mulcto), 1. (multa), to punish; 
aliquem mm le, Cic. ; exsilio, Liv. ; vitia liominum 
damnis, ignominiis, vincnlis, Cic. ; aliquem 
pecunia, to punish with a fine, Nep. ; Veneri esse 
iniiltatum, punished, with a fine paid to Venus, 
Cic. 

2. multo, multum, used adv., v. multus. 
multus -a -iini ; comp., plus, plilris ; superl., 

plurimus -a -urn, much. I. Lit,., A. Of 
number, many, numerous; inultia verbis, Cic; 
viri, Cic. ; multi, many persons, Cic. ; minirne 
mult!, exce°dinglg feu; Cic; quam minirne multa 
vestigia, as few as possible, Nep. ; multis verbi •, 
diffusely, copiously, Cic. ; elliptically, ne multa, 
ne multis, briefly, in brief, Cic ; multi (= oi 
n-oAAoi), the many, the multitude, the common 
herd; unus de multis, Cic; orator e multis, 
Cic. ; com par., plures, genit. plurium, several, 
more than one, Cic. ; quid plura? in short, Cic. ; 
pluribus verbis rogare, Cic ; superb, plurimi, 
very many, the. most ; plurimis verbis, Cic. ; 
inons, very large, Verg. ; Aetna, the greatest part 
of, Ov. B. Of strength or fulness, 'much, great, 
strong, considerable; 1, multo labore, "Cic ; 
superb, plurimus so], very hot, Ov. ; 2, of time, 
ad multum diem, till late in the day, Cic; multa 
noete, late at night, Cic; multo mane, very early, 
Cic. C. Of space, great ; multa pars Europae, 
Liv. II. Transf., A. Of discourse, copious, diffuse, 
prolix; ne in re notn multus et insolens sim, 
Cic. B. Of an action, busy, vigorous, zealous ; 
in eodem genere eansarum multus erat T. 
.Tnventius, Cic. C. obtrusive, troublesome; qui 
in nliquo gonere aut inconciunus aut multus est 
Cic. Hence, multum, com par., plus, Biiperl.j 
plurimum, m uch, a great part. I. Subst., A. 
In noni. or ace, witli genit., ad multum dioi, 
till far in, the day, Liv.; multum diei, a large 
part of the day, Sail. ; compar.. pins posse, plus 
facere, Cic ; plus pecuniae, Cic; pliiriinuin posse, 
Cic; plurimum gravitatis, Cic. B. In genit., 
at price or value, pltrris emere, vendere, dearer, -d 



a higher price, Cic; mea mihi conscientia pliiris 
est quam omnium senno, is of more value to me, 
Cic; aliquem pluris aestimare, to think mure 
highly of, Cic. ; superl., plurimi, very dear ; esse, 
Cic. II. Adv., A. multo, by far, with com- 
paratives or words of similar force ; multo prvuei- 
ores, Cic; multo anteponere, Cic. ;non multo post, 
not long after, Cic. B. multum ; 1, of degree, 
much, very; longe multnmque superare, Cic; 
vir multum bonus, Cic; non multum est ma jus, 
Cic; 2, of time, often; multum mecum lo- 
quuntur, Cic. C. plus; 1, of number, more; 
non plus quam semel, Cic; without quam, 
plusmille capti, Liv.; with abb, nee esse plus 
uno, Cic; 2, of degree, more; quern plus 
plusque in dies di^igo, more and more, Cic D. 
plurimum, most; ut te plurimum diligam, Cic. 

Muluccha (Mulucha) -ae, m. a river in 
Mauritania, now Maluia or Moluya. 

mulus -i, in. a mule, Cic. 

Mulvius -a -urn, Mulvian ; pons, a bridge 
above Home on the via Flaminia, now Vonte Mode. 

Mummius -a -11111, name if a Human gens, 
the most famous member of which was L. Mum- 
mius Acliaicus, the destroyer of Corinth. 

Muna tius -a -uin, name of a Roman gens, 
the most famous member of which was L. Muna- 
ti us Plancus, one of the legates of Caesar. 

Munda -ae, f. town in Hispunia Baetica, 
scene of a victory if Julius Caesar over the sous 
of l'ompcius, 45 B.C. 

mundanus -a -um (intimitis), of or relating 
to Hue world, mundane. Subst., mundanus 
-i, 111. « citi-en of the world, Cic. 

munditia -ac, f. and (not in Cic) mun- 
ditics -ei, f. (nuindus), cleanness. I. Lit., 
Plant. II. neatness, spruceness, elegance; 1, non 
odiosa neque exquisita nimis, Cic. ; munditiis 
capimur, Ov. ; simplex munditiis, Hor. ; 2, 
neatness, elegance of style, qu3 munditia, homines 
qua elegantia, Cic. 

mundo, 1. (mundus), to cleanse, purify, Verg. 

1. mundus -a -um, clean, neat, elegant. I. 
supellex, coena, Hor. II. 1, of manner of life, 
elegant, refined; homo, Cic; cultus justo 
mundior, too elegant apparel, Liv.; 2, of dis- 
course, neat, elegant; verba, Ov. 

2. mundus -i, m. (l. mundus, like Gr. koct- 
P-os). I. 07-Jiame»i< ; mulicbris, Liv. II. the 
universe, the world, and the heavenly bodies. A. 
luc oraatus mundi, harmony of the universe, Cic; 
mundi innumerabiles, Cic B. 1, the heavens; 
lucens, Cic; 2, the world, the earth; a, lit., 
quicumqne mundo terminus obstitit, Hor. ; b, 
meton., the inhabitants of the world, mankind; 
fastos evolvere mundi, Hor. 

munero, 1. (munus), to give, present; ali- 
quem aliqua re, Cic. 

muneror, 1. dep, to present; natura alind 
alii muneratur, Cic 

miinia -ium, n. duties, filiations, official 
duties, official business; candidatorum, Cic. 

municeps -clpis, c (munia and capio). I. 
the citizen of a municipium.; municeps Cosanus, 
of Cosa, Cic. II. a fellow-citi:en, countryman, 
fellow-countryman; mens, Cic; municipes Jovis 
advexisse lagoenas, countrymen of Jupiter, i.e., 
Cretan, Juv. 

municipalis -e (municipium), relating or 
belonging tn a municipium, municipal; homines, 
Cic.; sometimes in a contemptuous sense, pro- 
vincial ; cques, Juv. 

municipium -ii, n. (municeps), a town, 
usually iii Italy, the inhabitants of which had the 
Roman citizenship, but were governed by their 



lilUil 



mua 



OWii ii'imjixl rates and laws; a free town, municipal 
town, Cic. 

munifice, adv. (munitions), munificently, 
bountifully, Cic 

munificentia -ae, f. (muni liens), muni- 
ficence, bountifulness, Sail. 

munifico, 1. (munitions), to present, to give, 
Lucr. 

munif icus -a -urn (munua and facio), muni- 
ficent, liberal; in dando, Cic. (compar., inunili- 
centior, super!., munificentissimus). 

munimen -inis, n. (munio), a protection, 
defence, fortification ; lmniiinine cingcre fossas, 
()v. ; ad imbres, against the rains, Verg. 

munlmentum -i, n. (inunio). I. a fortifi- 
cation, bulwark, defence, protection; ut instar 
muri hae sepes mnnimenta praeberent, Caes. ; 
tenere se munimentia, entrenchments, Tac. II. 
Fig., protection; rati iioetem sibi munimeiito 
fore, Ball. 

munio (moenio) -ivi and -li -itum, A. 
(moeuia). I. to build, build with walls; op- 
pidnm, Hor.; absol., to build a wall, Nep. II. 
A. to surround with a -wall, fortify; 1, a, lit., 
palatiuin, Nep.; montem, Cae.->. ; castra vallo 
fossaque, Caes. ; b, transf., to protect, defend ; 
Alpibus Italian) muuierat natura, Cic. ; domum 
praesidiis, Cic. ; quae (herbescens viriditas) 
contra avium morsus raunitur vallo aristarum, 
Cic. ; 2, lig., to secure, male sure ; munio me ad 
Iiaee tenipora, Cic. B. to make or build a road, 
to pave a road; viain, Cic. ; itinera, Nep.; lig., 
munire alicui viain accusandi, to prepare a way 
for, Cic. 

munitio -onis, f. (munio), I. fortifying, 
entrenching ; 1, lit,, indites inunitione proliib- 
ere, Caes. ; 2, meton., a fortification, entrench- 
ment ; urbem operibns mnnitionibosque saepire, 
Cic. II. a making passable, paving of roouls ; 
ex viarum munitione quaestum facere, Cic. ; 
munitio fluminum, bridging over, Tac. 

munito, 1. (intens. of munio), to pave, make 
passable; viain, Cic. 

munitor -oris, in. (munio), a Iruilder of forti- 
fications, a sapper and miner, military engineer, 
Liv. 

munitus -a -inn, p. adj. (from inunio),/ort(/!«7, 
made safe, secured ; oppidum lnunitissimuin, Cic. 

minus -eris, n. (moenus). I. a n office, func- 
tion, employment, duty; reipublicae, a public 
office, Cic. ; officii, the performance of a duty, Cic; 
tuum est hoc munus, Cic. ; consulare munus 
sustincre, Cic. ; belli lnunera inter se partiri, 
Liv. II. A. an affectionate service, favour ; ncqiie 
veto verbis auget'suum munus, Cic; niunere 
alicuins rei (poet.), by the help of, Verg. ; esp., 
ihe last services to the dead, funeral honours, in- 
terment ; niunere inani fungi, Verg. B. a gift, 
present ; 1, alicui munus mittere, Cic. ; mittere 
alicui aliquid muneri, to send or giveas a present, 
Caes. ; inuncra I.iberi, wine, Hor.; Cereris, bread, 
Ov. ; transf., opusculum inajornm vigiliarum 
munus, the fruit of, Cic; 2, a, a sacrifice; mun- 
era ferre teinplis, Verg. ; b, a public show, 
especially of gladiators, generally given by the 
acdiles to the -people; niunus magniflcuni dare, 
praebere, Cic; niunus gladiatoriuin, Cic; hence, 
« building or theatre erected for the people, Ov. 

munusculum -i, n. (dim. of munus), a 
small gift, little present; alicui mitteie iuiuius- 
culum levidense crasso filo, Cic. 

Munychia -ae, f. (Movwxia), one of the 
ports of Athens. Adj., Munychius -a -um — 
Athenian, Ov. 

1. muraena — murena (q.v.). 
Z Muraena = Murena (q.v.> 



muralis -e (mums), of or relating tod wall, 
mural ; pila muralia, used by those who defend a 
wall, Caes. ; falces, hooks or grappling-irons for 
pulling down walls, Caes.; corona, the crown given 
to the one who first ascended the wall of a besieged 
city, Liv. ; also corona, the diadem of Cybele, 
adorned icith walls and towers, Lucr. 

Murcia (Murtia, Myrtea) -ae, f. a sur- 
name of Venus; ad Mnrciae (sc aedem), or ad 
Murciam, a valley separating tlie Palatine from 

the A ventine ut Home, Liv. 

1. murena (muraena) -ae, f. (jxvpatva), a 
sea-fish highly prized by the Romans.. 

2. Murena -ae, m. (l. murena), a cognomen 
belonging to the ge)is I.icinia, the most celebrated 
members of which were : 1, L. Licinius Murena, 
defended by Cicero, in the extant oration " Pro 
Murena," on a charge of bribery-; 2, L. Licinius 
Varro Murena, friend of Cicero, executed for sus- 
pected complicity in a plot against Augustus. 

murex -lois. m. I. the purple-fish, a shell; 
fish from which the Tyrian dye was obtained; tire 
shell in poets is represented as the trumpet of 
Triton, Ov. ; it was also used to adorn grottos, 
Ov. ; meton., 1, the purple dye. itself, Tyrioque 
ardebat murice laena, Verg. ; 2, a sharp stone, 
projecting rock, resembling the murex ill shape ; 
acutus, Verg. II. an, edible shcll-jish; Baianus, 
Hor. 

Murgantia -ae, f. I. a town in Samnium, 
now Grace di Morcone. II. town in Sicily, no\y 
Afandri Bianchi. A'.l.j., Murgautinus -a -um, 
relating to Murgantia. 

murmillo = minnillo (q.v.). 

muria -ae, f. (aA/ivpt's), brine, pickle, Hor. 

murmur -tiris, n. (onomatop.), a murmur, 
a humming, buzzing, roaring, growling noise. I. 
of men and animals, popull, Liv. ; of indistinct 
supplication, placare deos precibiis et murmure 
longo, Ov. ; the humming of bees, Verg. ; the roar 
of a lion, Mart. II. Of things, of the sea, Cic. ; 
of the wind, Verg. ; of the sound of wind-instru- 
ments, cornuuni, Hor. ; inflati buxi, Ov. •"■ - 

murmiiro, l. (murmur), I. to murmur, make 
a humming, growling noise; with ace, flebile 
lingua murinurat exaniinis, Ov. II. Of things, 
to roar ; mare iiiurmurans, Cic. 

1. murrha (murra) = l. myrrha (q.v.). 

2. murrha (murra, myrrha) -ae, f. a 
mineral, perhaps fiuor spar, end of which costly 
rases and goblets were made; hence, poet., the 
goblets themselves, Mart. 

1. murrhcus (murrous) = l. myrfheus 
(q.v.). 

2. murrheus (murreus, myrrheus) -a 

-um (2. murrha), made of fiuor spar, pocula, Plop. 

1. murrhinus (murrinus) = 1. myrrlu- 

nus (q.V.). 

2. murrhinus (murrinus, myrrhirius) 
-a-uui (murrha), made of or relating to the mineral 
called myrrha, Plaut. 

murt ... v. myrt . . . 
Murtia = Murcia (q.v.); . 

murus -i, m. a wall, I. A. Lit. a, a vxill 
round a city : arbis, Cic. ; muro lapideo urbem 
cingere, Cic; b, the vvll of. a private build- 
ing, Cic. B. Transf.. 1, the wall of a building, 
Cic. ; 2, a bank or dyke of earth, Varr. ; 3, the 
rim or edge of a vessel, Juv. II. protection, de* 
fence ; lex Aelia ct Flllla propugnacula muriqua 
tranquillitatis, Cic; Gratum murus Achillea 
Ov. 

1. inus, in uiis, c. 0*0?), a mouse; rustfeus 
or agrestis, field-mouse, Hor. ; non solum. Jn- 
quiliui sed etiam inures nu'grarunt, Cic; under 



Mug 



3.30 



Mut 



the word mus the Romans comprehended the \ 
cat, marten, sable, ermine, etc. 

2. Mus, Muris, m. the name of a family of the 
liens Dccia, two members of which, P. Decius M us 
and his son of the same name, devoted themselves to 
death to gain victory for their country. 

ftlusa -ae, f. (MoCtra). I. a muse, goddess of 
music, poetry, and generally of the fine arts. The 
Muses, usually said to he the daughters of Zens 
and Mnemosyne, were nine in number, namely, 
Clio, Melpomene, Thalia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, 
Calliope, Erato, Urania, Polyhymnia. II, Meton., 
1, song, poetry ; pedestris, poetry bordering on 
prose, Hor. ; 2, musae, learning, studies ; agrest- 
'iores, Cic 

1. Musaeus -i, m. {Movaaios), a fabulous 
Greek poet. 

2. musaeus -a -urn (Muss), poetical, musical, 
Lucr. 

musoa -ae, f. (nviovca, dim. of ^via), a fly, 
Cic. ; transf., a troublesome, inquisitive person, 
Plaut. 

musoarius -a -urn (musca), 1, of or relating 
to flies, Plin. ; 2, subst,, muscarium -ii, n. a 
fly-flap, made of peacocks' feathers or an ox's or 
Icorse's tail, Mart. 

muscip .'.- -ae, f. and muscipiilum -i, 
n. (mus and eapio), a mouse-trap, Pliaedr. 

muscosu3 -a -am (muscus), covered with 
moss, full of moss, mossy; fontes, Yirg. ; nihil 
inuscosins, Cic 

musculus -i, m. (dim. of mus). I. a little 
mouse, Cic II. Transf., 1, milit. t. t,, a she/', 
mantelet, Cars. ; 2, a sjm-ies of whale, Plin. 

muscus -i, in. moss, Hor. 

museus -a -tun = 2. musaeus (q.v.). 

muslca -ae, f. and muslce -es, f. (jtovcriKt'i), 

music; mnsicam tractare, Cic 

1. muslce -es, f. = musiea (q.v.). 

2. musice, ailv. Oioixriiccos), splendidly, plea- 
santly, finely; musice liercle aetatem agitis, 
Plaut. 

musicus -a -nm (iiov&ikos). I. belonging or 
relating to music, musical ; leges, rules of music, 
Cic Subst., a, musiCUS -i, in. o musician, Cic.; 
b, musica -oruin, n. music, Cic. II. Esp., 
relating to poetry, poetical, Ter. 

musslto, 1. (intens. of musso), to murmur to 
oneself, to mutter to oneself, Liv. ; clam mussito, 
Liv. 

musso, 1. (like mutio, from sound mu). I. 
a, to murmur, mutter, whisper to oneself; mus- 
santes inter se. rogitabant, Liv. ; b, to hum, 
buzz; of liees, mussant oras et limina circuni, 
Verg. II. to at in fear and u nrertainty; nuissat 
rex ipse LatiiuiB, quos gencroa vocet, Yerg. 

mustaceum (mnstacium) -i, n. and 
mustaceus (rr.ustacius) -i, m. (mustum). 
a must-cake, a laurel-cake, a sort of wedding-cake, 
mixed with must and liaked on bay-leaves ; prov., 
Isureolain in innstaceo quaerere, to look for fame 
in trifles, Cic. 

mustela (mustella) -ae, f. (dim. of mus), 
o weasel, Cic 

mustclinus (mustcllinus) -a -um (mus- 
tela), o/or relating to a weasel, Ter. 

mustum -i, n., v. mustus. 

mustus -a -um, young, new, fresh. I. Adj., 
agna, Cato ; vinum, must, Cato. II. Subst., 
mustum -i, n. new wine, must, Verg.; tig., nova 
ista quasi de inusto ac lacu fervida oratio, Cic; 
meton., ter centum musta videre, vintages, Ov. 

Husulaml (Musulamli) -Orum, m. a 
warlike people of Numidia. 



Muta -ae, f. (inutiis), a nymph, whom Jupiter 
made dumb because of her loquacity. 

mutabilis -e (lUUto), changeable, variable, 
inconstant ; ea forma rcipublicae mutabilis est, 
Cic. 

mutabilitas -iitis, f. (mutabilis), changeable- 
ness, mutability ; mentis, Cic. 

mutatio -onis(miito). I. a changing, change, 
mutation ; facere inutationem alicnius rei, Cic. 
II. a mutual change, exchange; ofliciornm, Cic 

mutilo, 1. (mntilus). I. to maim, mutilate, 
cut off ; nasoauribusque mut.ilatis, Liv. ; caudam 
eolubrae, Ov. II. Transf., to curtail, diminish ; 
exereitum, Cie. 

mutilus -a -um (fiirvXos, fumAo?)- I. 
maimed, mutilated; esp. of animals which] have 
lost one or both horns ; alces mutilae sunt corn- 
ibus, Caes. ; so transf. in jest, sic mutilus milit- 
aris, Hor. II. Fig., of speech, mutila loqui, 
briefly, Cic 

Miitina -ae, f. town in Cispadane Gaul, now 
Modena. Hence, adj., Miitinensis -e, relating 
to Miitina. 

mutio (muttio), 4. (from sound mu), (o 
mutter, mumble, murmur, Plant., Ter. 

mutltio (muttltio) -onis, f. a muttering, 
mumbling, Plant. 

invito, ]. (for movito), to move. I. to more 
away, remove ; lie quis invitus civitate inutet.iir, 
should be removed from the state, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. to change, alter; 1, a ? transit., sententiam, 
consilium, voluntatem, Cic ; mutari alite, to be 
changed into a bird, Ov. ; b, retiex. lnutaiv, 
and pass, mutari, to be changed '; annona niliil 
mutavit, I -iv. ; 2, a, to dye ; vellera Into, \ erg. ; 
b, vinum niutatnni, spoiled, soured, Hor. B. 
to change, exchange ; 1, jitmenta, to change. 
horses, Caes. ; but, nintare ealoeos el vestimenta, 
foundress, Cic ; enp., miltare vestem, to put on 
mourning, Cic. ; nintare terrain, to yointaanother 
country, Liv.; miitala verba, used metaphoric- 
ally, Cic. ; 2, to exchange, barter; nierccs, Verg. ; 
res inter se, Sail. 

mutuatio -Onis, f. (mutuor), a borrowing, 
Cic. _ 

mutue, adv. (mutnus), mutually, reciprocally, 
in return; rcspondere, Cic 

muttio, adv. (mutuus), mutually, reciproc- 
ally ; aestus maritimi muttio accedentes et 
recedentes, Cic 

mutuor, 1. dep. (mut mini), to borrow. I. 
Lit., a, money, etc.; pecunias, Caes.; without 
arc, ab aliquo, Cic ; b, other things, auxilia 
ad helium, Anct. bell. Gall. II. Transf., orator 
subtilitatem ab Academicis mutuatur, Cic. ; 
verbum a simili, to speak metaphorically, Cic. 

mutUS -a -um. I. unable to speed; not pos- 
sessing the power of articulate speech, dumb; 
bestia, Cic. II. Transf., A. muta dolore lyra 
est, Ov. B. uttering no sound, mute, silent ; 
ynago, Cic ; artes quasi mutae, the fine arts as 
Opposed to rhetoric, Cic. C. a, of places whence 
no sound is heard, still, quiet ; forum, Cic. ; b, 
of time, tempus inutuin litteris, when nothing is 
written, Cic. 

mutUUS -a -um (muto), lit., given in. ex- 
doing.-. I. borrowed, lent ; pecuniani dare mut- 
uam, to lend, Cic. ; sumere ab aliquo pecunias 
mutuas, to borrow, Cic. Subst., rr.utuuni -i, ll. 
a loan, Cic. II. mutual, reciprttfrd ; nox omnia 
erroris liiutui implevit, on both siilrs, Liv.; bene- 
volentia, Cic Subst., mutuum -i, n. recipro- 
city; mutuum in ainicitia, Cic; pedibus per 
mutua nexis, fastened on each other, Verg. 

Mut$fce -es, f. town in Sicily, now Modica. 
Hence adj., Mutycensis -e, relating to Mvtyce. 



Myc 



357 



' M^cale -es, f. (Mu<caAn), a promontory of 
Ionia, opposite the island of Samoa. 

Mycenae -arum, f.,nnd Mycena-ae, f.,and 
Mycene -es, f. (Mi/(c/ji/<u. Mukijitj), a city in 
Argnlis of which Agamemnon was king; hence, 
I, ailj.i Myccnacus -a -uiu, relating to Mycene I 
or to Agamemnon ; 2, Mycenenses -lam, ui. 
inhabitants of Mycenae ; 3. Mycenls -klis, f. 
a Mycenian woman, e.g., Iphigcueia, Ov. 

Myconus (-8s) -i, f. (Mu'kokos), one of the 
Cydades Islands in the Aegean Sea, 

MygdonSs -um, in. (MuvSdees), a Thracian 
people who settled in Phrygia, Bithynia, and 
Mesopotamia. Hence, 1, Mygdonfs -Wis, f. 
= Lydian, Ov. ; 2, Mygdonius -a -urn = 
Phrygian, Hor. 

Mygdonldes -ae, in. son of Mygdon, king of 
Phrygia. 

Mylasa -orum, n. (Mv'Aao-a), a town in Caria. 
Hence, A. Mylaseni -drum, m. and B. 
Mylasenses -lam, in. the inhabitants of 
Mylasa. C. Mylaseus -§i, in. an inhabitant 
of Mylasa, D. Mylaslus -a -uin, Mylasian. 

Myndus (-Ss) -i, f. (MvVSos), sea-town in 
Caria. Hence, Myndii -orum, m. the in- 
habitants of Myndus. 

myoparo -onis, m. (jxvoniptav), a small pirat- 
ical skiff, Cic. 

myrice -es, f., and myrioa -ae, f. (pvpUr)), 
the tamarisk, Verg. 

Myrina -ae, f. (MvpiVa), fortified sea-port of 
the Aeolians in Mysia. 

Myrmecldes -ae, m. (Mupp.>jia'67)s), a cele- 
brated sculptor. 
Myrmidones -uin, m. (Mi/p/ouSoves), the 

Myrmidons, a people in Thessalia Phthiotis under 
the rule of Achilles. 
myrmillo = inirinillo (q.v.). 

Myro -Onis, m. (Mvpwi/), a celebrated Greek 
sculptor. 

myropola -ae, in. (pvpoTrwk-ns), a seller of 
■unguents, Plaut. 

myropolium -ii, n. (/j.vpoTniAioi'), a shov 
■where unguents are sold, Plaut. 

l. myrrha (murrha, murra) -ae, f 

Oi' ; ppa), 1, the myrrh-tree, Plin. ; 2, myrrh, a 

gum obtained from the myrrh-tree. 

.'. myrrha = 2. murrha (q.v.). 

:!. Myrrha -ae, f. (Mxippa), the daughter of 
Cinyras, changed into a myrrh-tree. 

1. myrrheus (murrhfius, murrcus) 
-a -uiu (myrrha), 1, perfumed or anointed with 
myrrh, Hor. ; 2, myrrh-coloured, yellow, Prop. 

2. myrrheus = 2. murrheus (q.v.). 

1. myrrhinus (murrhinus, murrmus) 

-a -mil (1. myrrha), of myrrh, Plant. 

2. myrrhinus = 2. murrhinus (q.v.). 
myrtetum (murtetum) -i, n. (myrtus), a 

grove or thicket of myrtle-trees, Sail. 

myr tous (murteus) -a -urn, 1, of or relating 
to the myrtle, Verg. ; 2, myrtle-coloured, Tib. 

myrtum -i, n. (p.vpTov), themyrtle-berry,\erg. 
myrtus -i and -us, f. (p.vpros), the myrtle, 
myrtle-tree, Verg. 

Myrtilus -i, m. (Mupn'Ao?), the son of Mer- 
cury, who threw himself into the sea, hence accord- 
ing to some called mare Myrtoum (but see under 
Myrtos). 

Myrtos -i, f. (Mu'pios), o small island near 
Kuboea; lienco, adj., Myrtous -a -urn, mare 
Myrtoum, a part of the Aegean sea between Crete, 
tlie Pefoponnesfi, and E.ubqe'%, 



nam 

(Mv'oxeAos), an Achaean, 



Myscclus -i, m. 

founder of Crotona. 

Mysi -orum, m. (Mucroi), the people of Mysia 
in Asia Minor ; hence, 1, Mysia -ae, f. their 
country; 2, Mysus -a -urn, Mysian. 

mystagogus -i, m. OivaTa-yioyew), n priest or 
attendant who shoiaed the temple to strangers; 
a cicerone, Cic. 

mystcrium -Ii, n. (/ivo-ojpio^). I. Bing., a 
secret, secret science ; aliquid taciturn tnmqiiant 
mysterium tenere, Cic. II. Plur., mysteria 
-orum, n. (jjivcmjpia). A. mysteries or secret rites 
witli which some gods of antiquity were worshipped ; 
especially the Eleuslnian worship of Ceres, Cic. 
B. secrets, mysteries (of an art) ; mysteria rhet- 
orum aperire, Cic. 

mystes -ae, in. (^vVtjjs), a priest at the 
mysteries, Ov. 

mysticus -a -uin (mvotikos), relating to the 
mysteries, secret, mystic, Verg. 

Mytilenae -arum, f. and Mytilene -es, f. 
(MimAijvij), capital of tlie isla)td of Lesbos. Hence, 
adj., Mytilenaeus -a -um, Mytilenean. 

Myus -untis, f. (Muous), a town in Caria. 

mytllus = mitulus (q.v.). 



"VT ii, the thirteenth letter of tlie Latin 
1.1 . alphabet, corresponds in sound to tlie 
Greek mi (N, v). For the uses of N. as an 
abbreviation, see Table of Abbreviations. 

Nabataei (Nabathaei) -drum. m. (Na/3<x- 
raioi, Na^aflaioi), the Nabataeans in Arabia 
Petraea. Hence, Nabataeus -a -um, Nuba- 
taean, poet. = Arabian, Eastern; subst., Na- 
bataea -ae, f. (tiafiaraCa), a country of Arabia 
Petraea 

Nabis -bidis, m. (Na/3is), king of Sparlaabout 
200 .\.v. 

nablium (naulium) ii aud nablum i, 
n u stringed instrument of uncertain form; a 
kind of harp or lyre, Ov. 

nae = 1. ne (q.v.). 

nacnla = nenia (q.v.). 

Naevius -a -um, name of a Rotnan gens, of 
which the most notable member u-as Cn. Naevius, 
Roman dramatic and epic poet, born about 274 
a.c. Hence, Naevianus -a -um, Nacvian. 

naevus -i, m. a mole on the body, Cic. 

Nahanarvali -orum, m. a German tribe. 

Nalas -adis and Nals -Idis (-idos), ace. plur. 
-Idas, f. (Nai'at, Nats, a swimmer), 1, a water- 
nymph, Naiad ; used attrib., pucllae Naiades, 
Verg. ; 2, a nymph, hamadryad, Nereid, Ov. 
Hence, Naious -a -um, belonging to the Naiads. 

nam, conj. for (differs from enim iu standing 
at the liegiiining of a clause or proposition). I. 
Introducing an explanation, is pagus appella- 
batur Tiguriuus ; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in 
quatuor pagos divisa est, Caes. ; hence, esp., a, 
sometimes introducing a parenthesis, in insula 
quae est in Tiberino (pam opinor illud alteri 
Huinini nomen esse) sermom denius operant, 
Cic. ; b, or taking up the thought interrupted 
by a parenthesis, duplex inde Hannibali gaud- 
imn fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae 
apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat) \ nam et 
libernrr. Mipucil<$meritatoni, etc., Uru als0 C, 



y 



Nam 



358 



nat 



introducing examples in illustration of a previous 
general assertion, vivo Catone minores natu 
inulti uno tempore oratores floruerunt ; nam et 
A. Albinus et literatus et disertus fuit, Cic. II. 
Introducing a reason, argument, fact, in justifi- 
cation of a preceding statement, celebratote 
illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris ; nam 
ranlti saepe honores dis immortalibus justi 
habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores nuniquani, 
Cic. ; also used in rhetorical questions to express 
a climax, numquam ilium ne minima quidem 
re offendi . . . una domus erat, idem victus 
isque communis ; nam quid ego de studiis 
dicam? Cic; often found in connexion with 
liercle, mehercle, edepol, Cic. III. Used to add 
emphasis to an interrogation, and in this appli- 
cation often enclitic, quis est nam Indus in 
undis ! Verg. 

Namnetes -urn, m. a people in Gallia Celtica 
near the modern Nantes. 

namque, conj., a more emphatic form of 
nam (q.v.), standing like it at the beginning of 
a sentence or clause, though sometimes after the 
first or second word : prodigiuin extemplo de- 
dicationem secutum ; namque lapidibus pluit, 
Liv. ; Alcibiades »d omnes res aptus consiliique 
plenus ; namque impcrator fuit summus mari et 
teiTa, Nep. 

nanciscor, nactus and nanctus sum, 3. dep. 
to get, obtain, meet. I. Lit., to find, fall on; 
anulum.Ter.; morbum, Nep.; spem,Cic; fidem, 
Ov. II. Transf., A. — to reach ; vitis claviculis 
suis, quicquid est nacta, complectitur, Cic. B. 
to find, meet with; aliqueni, Cic; turbidam tem- 
pestatcm, Caes. 

Nantuates -iuin, m. a Celtic Alpine people. 
' nanus -i, m. (vawos, vivos), a dwarf, Juv. 
I napaeus -a -um (i-an-cuo?), of or relating to 
the forest; subst., napaeae -arum, f. wood 
nymphs, Verg. 

Nar, Nan's, m. a river of Italy, that flows 
into the Tiber, now Nera. 

Narbo -onis, m. town in Gallia Narbonoisis, 
now Narbonnc. Hence, adj., Narbonensis -e, 
o/ov belonging to Narbo. 

narcissus -i, m. ddpiacrcro';). I. the narcis- 
fits, daffodil, Verg. II. Proper name, Harcissvs, 

imi nf Cephisus and. Liriope, a. youth of remark- 
able beauty, who fell in love with his own reflection 
in a fountain, and wasted away till he was changed 
in!" the flower of the same name. 

nardus -i. f. and nardum -i, n. (i-dpSos), 
1, nard, o name given by the. ancients to various 
aromatic plants, 1'lin. ; 2, the unguent or Ixdsam 
of nard, Hor. 

naris -is, f. the nostril; usually plur., 
nares -Ium, f. the nostrils. A. Gen., fasciculum 
ad nares cimimovcre, Cic. B. Esp., the nose, as 
expressive of sagacity orof scorn oranger; homo 
naris obesae, a person of dull perce)>tion, Hor. ; 
homo enmnctae naris, a man of keen perception, 
Hor. ; naribus uti, to laugh at, mock at, Hor. ; ne 
tnappa nares corruget, cause the guest to turn up 
hi* nose, Hor. 

Narnla -ae, f. a tov:n in Umbria on the Nar, 
now Narni. Hence, adj., Narniensis -e, re- 
lating to Narnla. 

narrabilis -e (narro), tluit can be told or 
narrated, Ov. 

narratio -onis, f. (narro), a telling, narrating, 
relating, narration; rem narrare ita ut veri- 
similis narratio sit, Cic. 

narrator -oris, in. (narro), a relater, narrator, 
Cic. 

narratus -us, in. (narro), a narration, nar- 
rative, Ov. 



nari'0, 1. (for gnaro = gnarum facio), to make 
known. I. to relate, tell, narrate ; ego tibi ea narro, 
quae tu melius scis quam ipse qui narro, Cic. ; 
de mea solicitudine, Cic. ; male bene, narrare, to 
bring good or bad tidings, Cic. ; with ace. and 
infln., Cic; with rel. sent, Cic; pass., narrator, 
witli noiii. and infin., it is narrated, it is told, 
Liv. II. to say, speak, tell ; narro tibi (a form of 
asseveration), I assure you, Cic. 

nartheclum -li, n. (vapOrjKioi'), a case for 
keeping perfumes and medicines, Cic. 

narus = gnarns (q.v.). 

Narycum -i, n. and Naryx -rycis, f. 
(Napv|), a town of the-Ozolian Locrians, whence 
the town of Locri in Brutlium was founded. 
Adj., Narycius -a -um, Narycian; urbs, Locri 
in. Italy, Ov. 

Nasamones -um, a people in the sovth-west of 
Cyrcnaica. Hence, adj., Nasamoniacus -a 
-um, Nasamonian. 

nascor (gnascor), natus sum, 3. dep. I. 
Lit., A. to be born, nasci patre ccrto, Cic ; non 
nobis solum nati sumus, Cic. ; post hominum 
genus natum, since the beginning of the world, 
Cic. B. to descend from, spring from; natus 
suinmo loco, of a good family, Cic. II. Transf., 
to arise, be produced, spring forth; nascitur ibi 
plumbum, Caes. ; ab eo llumine collis nascebatur, 
began to rise, Cic. ; nulla tarn detestabilis pestis 
est, quae non homini ab homine nnscatur, Cic. 

Nasica -ae, in. name of a family of the 
Scipios, the most famous member of which, was 
P. Cornel. Scipio Nasica, famous for his integrity. 

Naso -onis, in. the cognomen of the poet 
P. Ovidius ; v. Ovidius. 

Nasos -i, f. (i'a.o-0; r= i'ij<ro?, island), a jwrt of 
the city of Syracuse. 

nassa (naxa) -ae, f. a narrow-necked basket 
for catching fish, Plaut. ; fig., a trap, net, snare, 
ex liac naxa exire constitui, Cic. 

nasturcium (nasturtium) -li, u. a kind 
of cress, Cic. 

nasus -i, m. the nose. I. Lit., A. nasus ita 
locatus est, ut quasi mums oculis iuterjectus 
esse videatur, Cic. B. the nose; a, as the sent 
of smell, nasus illis nullus erat, Hor.; b, as 
expressing anger, scorn, etc., aliquem oraliquid 
naso suspendere adunco, to turn up the nose "I, 
ridicule, mock, Hor. II. Transf, the nose, nozzle, 
s)x>}il. if a vessel, Juv. 

nasutUS -a -um (nasus) 1, boring a large 
nose, Hor.; 2, acute, sagacious, satirical, Mart. 

nata -ae, f. (nascor), a daughter, Verg. 

natalicius -a -um (natalis), o/or relating to 
birth, and esp. to the time, of birth : praedicta, a 
horoscope, Cic. Subst., natalicia -orum, n. a 
birthday festival, Cic 

natalis -e (2. natus), of or relating to birth, 
natal. I. Adj., dies, Cic. ; lux, Ov. ; bora, 
Hor. ; diem natalem suuin agere, celebrate, Cic ; 
II. Subst., natalis -is, m., a, a birth-place, 
Delos natalis Apollinis, Hor. ; b. a birth-day, 
Cic. ; natalis Romae, festival ofPalilia^n honour 
of the founding of Rome, Ov. ; plur. natales 
-Ium, in. birth, origin, condition ; Cornelius 
Fuscus, claris natalibus, of illustrious origin,Tac. 

natans -antis (partic. of nato), swimming; 
poet, subst. f., untantcs, fishes, Verg, 

natatio -onis, f. (nato), swimming, ap. Cic. 

natator -oris, m. (nato), a swimmer, Ov. 

nates, v. natis. 

natlo -Onis, f. (nascor). I. Abstr., a being 
bom, birth; natione Numida, Tac. ; hence, per- 
eouif., Natlo, the goddess of birth. Cic, JI, 



nat 



359 



11 a v 



Conor., A. Lit., a nation, people; externae 
nat Jones et gentes, Cic. B. Transf. , a breed, race, 
species, stock, class; candidatoruin, Cio. ; Epieur- 
eorum, Cic ; vestiu natio (of the Stoics), Cic. 

natis -is, f., usually plur., nates -lum.f. the 
rump, buttocks, Hor. 

nativus -a -um (2. natus). I. bom, that which 
has come into existence by birth; Anaximanclri 
opinio est, nativos esse deos, Cic. II. inborn, 
innate, native, natural, not artificial; beluae 
nativis testis inliaerentes, Cic. 

nato. !. (from no, narc), to swim. I. Lit., 
sttuliosissiinus homo natandi, Cic; in -oceano, 
Cic. ; natant aequore pisces, Ov. ; natat uncta 
carina, floats, Verg. ; poet., followed by ace, 
caeca freta, Verg. II. Transf., A. to stream, 
spread abroad ; qua seTiberinus in altum divid.it 
et campo liberiore natat, Ov. ; rig., to totter = 
to be insecure : tu uiilii nataru visus es, Cic. B, 

1, to swim with anything, befall of, overflow; 
natabant pavimenta vino, Cic. ; omnia plenis 
rura natant fossis, Verg. ; 2, of the- eyes, to swim, 
to be glass if ; vinis oculique animique natabant, 
Ov. y 

natrlx -icis, f. a water-snake, Cic. 

natura'-ae, f. (nascor). I. birth, Cic. ; natura 
frater, adoptiono Alius, Cic. II. nature. A. 1, 
natural qualities Of anything ; a, of tilings, 
haec est natura propria aniiuae et vis, Cic. ; 
inontis, Caes. ; loci, Caes. ; b, of men, nature, 
natural disposition, character; quae tua natura 
est, Cic. ; versare suam naturam, Cic. ; naturani 
expellas furca, tamen usque recurret, Hor. ; 2, 
nature, a, the laws of nature, the order and con- 
stitution if the world; quod rerum natura n on 
patitur, Cic. ; naturae satisfacere, to pay the debt of 
nature, to die, Cic. ; naturae concedere, Sail. ; 
b, nature, possibility ; in rerum natura luissc, to 
be possible, Cic. B. 1, a, the world, creation; in 
full, rerum natura, Cic. ; \), nature as tlie suul of 
the universe, Cic. ; 2, an element, substance, es- 
sence ; ex duabua naturis conflata, Cic. 

naturalis -o (natura)- I. that which has 
arisen or been produced by birth, natural ; pater, 
own father (upp. ruioptive father), Cic. II. 1, 
natural; societas, lex, Cic; neut. plur. subst., 
naturalia anteponantur non tiaturalibus, that 
which is natural to that, which is not natural, 
Cic ; 2, relating to nature ; quaestioncs, Cic. 

naturaliter, adv. (naturalis), naturally, t>y 
nature, according to nature; divinaiiyCic 

1. natus -a -um, p. adj. (from nascor): I. 
Adj., bom; 1, born for, fitted by nature for : 
with ad or in and the ace, or with dat., Judaei 
et Syrae natioues natae sorvituti, Cic. ; poet, 
with inf., animal natuui tolcrare labores, Ov. ; 

2, naturally constituted; ita natus locus est,' 1 
Liv. ;• pro re nata, under present circumstances, 
as things are now, Cic. ; 3, with a date, ex- 
presses age, eques Romanus annos prope XC 
natus, cdmost ninety years old, Cic. II. Subst., 
1, natus -i, m. a *■>», Cic. ; 2, nata -ae, f. a 
daughter, Verg. 

'2. natus -u, m. (found only in the abl. sing.), 
(nascor), birth (particularly applied to denote 
age); magnus natu, giandis natu, of consider- 
able age, Cic. ; qui fuit major natu quam Plautus 
et Naevius, older, Cic. ; ex his omnibus natu 
minimus, the youngest, Cic. 

nauarohus -i, m. (vavap\o%), a captain of a 
ship, Cic. 

nauci, v. naucum. 

Naucrates, ace. -em, in. (NauKpanjs), a 
Greek orator, pupil of Isocrates. 

naucum -i, n., lit., « nut-shell, fig., a trifle, 
something very small; only used in such ex- 



pressions as non nauci habere,. to esteem lightly, 
Cic. . .' 

naufragium -li, n. (for navifragium, from 
navis and fraugo), a shipwreck. I. Lit., nau- 
fragium (naufragia) facerc, to suffer shipwreck, 
Cic. ; naufragio interire, Caes.; perire, Cic. ; 
prov., naufragia alicmus ex terra intueri, to be- 
hold danger from a place- of safety, Cic. ; rig., 
misfortune, ruin,loss ; fortunaruin, Cic. ; patrim- 
onii, Cic. ; tabula ex naufragio, literally, a 
plank from a shipwreck, a meuns of safety, way 
of deliverance, Cic. II. Meton., the remains of 
a shipwreck, wrecJcage; llg., colligere naufragium 
reipublicne, Cic. ■ 

naufragus -a -um (for navifragus, from' 
navis and frango). I. Pass.,' that suffers or has 
suffered shipwreck; Mariuin Africa devictS ex- 
pulstun et naufragum vidit, Cic. ; corpora, 
Verg. ; puppis, Ov. ; iig., patrimonio naufragns, 
Cic. II. Act., poet., causing shipwreck) mare, 
Hor.; uuda, Tib. 

naulium = nablium (q.v.). 

naulum -i, U. (vavKov), fare, 2Kissage-moncy,- 
Juv. 

naumachia -ae, f. (vavixax.i*), 1, a naval 
battle exhibited as a spectacle, Suet.; 2, theplace 
in which the spectacle was exhibited, Suet. 

naumachiarius -a -um (naumachia), of or 
relating to a mock sea-fight, Plin. ; subst., nau- 
machiarius -i, ni. one who fought in a mock 
sea-fight, Suet. • - • ■ 

Naupactus (-Ss) -i, f. (Navn-aKro;), a sea- 
port on the Gulf of Corinth in Locri Ozolae, now 
Ncpactos or Lepanto. Hence, adj., Naupactlus 
-a -um, of or relating to Naupactus. 

Nauportus -i, f. a toicn in Pannonia, now 
Ober-Laibach. 

nausea (nausia) ae, f. (vavvia), seasick- 
ness ; navigamus sine timore et nausea, Cic.'; 
transf., sickness, nausea., Hor.' • '■ 

nauseo (nausio), 1. (nausea). I. to be sea- 
sick ; epistola quam dedisti nauseans Buthroto, 
Cic'; transf., to vomit, be sick; quidlibet, modo 
lie "nauscct, faciat, Cic II. Transf., ista effut- 
ieirtcui nauscarc, to belch out u/msense, Cic. 

nauseola (nausiola) -ae,, f. (dim. ..of 
nausea), a slight s'pieiunishness, Cic 

nauta -ac, in. (for navita, from navis), w 

sailor, seaman; mariner, Cic 

nauticus -a -tin! (■tamitds), of or relating to 
a sailor, nautical, naval; verbum, Cic; scientia 
atque usus nauticarum. rerum, Caes. ; subst., 
nautici -drum, in. sailors, Liv. 

navalis -c (navis), 1, adj., of or relating to 

ships, naval, nautical ; bellum, pugua, Cic. ; 
castra, for the protection of ships—when drawn 
upon shore, Caes. ; socii navales, sailors (cliosen 
from the freedmen of the colonists and allies), 
Liv. ; pedes navales, galley-slaves, Plant. ; 2, 
subst., a, navale -is, n. o station for ships, 
Ov.; b, navalia -luni, n., (a) a dockyard, and 
esp. « place in Rome so called, Liv. ; (fi) mate- 
rials for ship-building, Liv. 

navarchus = nauarchus (q.v.). 

nave = naviter (q.v.). 

navicula -ae, f, (dim. of navis), a little ship, 
skiff, boat, Cic. 

navicularius -a -um (navicula), relating to 
email ship's, boats. A. navlcularia -ae, f. (sc. 
res), the business of, one who lets out ships for 
trans-port, the business of a ship-owner; navic- 
ulariam facere, Cic. B. navicularius -li, m. 
one who lets out shij>sfor traTispart, <i ship-oicner, 
Cic. 



nav 



360 



nee 



navifragUS -a -um (navis and frango), caus- 
ing shipwreck, ship-destroying, Verg. 

navigabills -e (navigo), navigable ; mare, 
Liv. 

navigatio -onis, f. (navigo), a sailing, voyage, 
navigation; bona, Cic. ; primani navigationeni 
(cliance of sailing) ne oiniseris, Cic. 

naviger -gCra -gerum (navia and goro), ship- 
bearing, navigable ; mare, Lucr.' 

uavigidlum -i, n. (dim. of navigiuni), a little 
ship, a bark, ap. Cic. 

navigium -ii, n. (navigo), 1, a sailing, navi- 
gating, Lucr.; 2,avessel, ship; navigiuni facerc, 
Cic. 

navigo, l. (navis). I. Intransit., to sail, 
voyage. A. ex Asia in Macedoniam, Cic. ; of 
ships, decrevinius, ut classis in Italiam navig- 
aret, Cic. B. Transf., of a naval war, to pro- 
ceed, go; quam celeriter, Cn. Tompeio duce, 
belli impetus navigavit, Cic. II. Transit, 1, 
to sail over, sail through, navigate ; terrain, Cic; 
aequor, Verg.; 2, to get or earn by navigation ; 
quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, Sail. 

navis -is, f. (eavs), a ship, vessel. I. Lit., 
navis longa, a man-of-war, Liv. ; oneraria, a 
ship of burden, transport-ship, Liv. ; praetoria, 
admiral's ship, flag-ship, Liv.; tecta, Liv.; coii- 
strata, decked, Cic. ; aperta, undecked, Cic. ; 
navis auri, ladenwith gold, Cic; naveni deducere 
in aquam, to launch, Liv. ; subducere, to dray 
on shore. Caes. ; conscendere in naveni, to em- 
bark, Cic. ; prov., navibus et quadrigis, with all 
one's might, Hor. II. Fig., of the state, una 
navis bonoruin omnium, Cic ; esse i»i eadein 
navi, to be in the same boat with any one, to share 
a common lot, Cic. 

navita = nauta(q.v.). 

navitas (gnavitus) -atis, f. (navus), as- 
siduityi zeal, Cic. 

navitcr, adv. (navus), 1, assidiwitsly, zeal- 
ously, actively, Liv. ; 2, entirely, quite ; im- 
pudens, Cic. 

navo, 1. (navus), to do anything zealously, 
activity, assiduously, diligently; navare operam 
alicui, to come to help, render assistance, Cic; 
fortiter in acie navare operam, lav. ; quam 
vellein Bruto studium tuum navare. potuissess, 
Cic. ; belluui, to carry on war with energy, Tac. ; 
rempublicam, to serve the state, Cic 

naVUS (gnavus) -a -um, active, diligent, 
energetic, assiduous; homo navus et industrius, 
Cic 

naxa -ae, f.= nassa (q.v.). 

Naxus (-OS) -i, f. (Nofos), an island of the 
Aegean Sea, the largest of the Cyclade-s, now Naria 
or Axia. Hence, Naxius -a -um, Naxian. 

1. ne (nae), adv. (rrj), yes, verily, truly ; nu 
illi multa saecula exspectanda fuerutit, Cic 

2. ne, the original Latin particle of ncgal inn. 
I. Adv., A. not; obsolete and rare in tliis sense, 
which however appears in compounds such as 
nemo (=ne-hemo), ne-scio, etc., and in such 
phrases" as : B. 1, ne . . . quidem, not even; 
ne in oppidis quidem, Cic; 2, no . . . quoque 
= ne . . . quidem, ne quis, etc. C. a, with the 
imper. to express a prohibition, ne tiluete, Liv.; 
b, with the subj., to express a prohibition, 
nobis nostras ne ademerls, Cic; c, with subj., 
si certum est facerc, facias, verum ne post con- 
ferns culpam in me, Tac; with a negative 
wish, ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. suit, Liv. ; Mind 
otinain ne verc Bcribereni, Cic; ne vivam, *i 
sci", may I die if I know, Cic D. 1, with 
compare, not: ut hoc desideriutn ne plus sit 
rrnnnum, Cic. ; 2, in concessive and restrictive 
clauses, sjnt snijc |ibera|es ex socjoruni fortivnte, 



sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illis san- 
guinem nostram largiantur, only let them not 
lavish our blood, Ball. II. Conj. = that not. 
A. to express purpose ; gallinae pennis fovent 
pullos, ne frigore laedantur, Cic. ; ne multa 
dicani, in short, Cic B. to express consequence ; 
hoc to rogo ne demittas animum, Cic C. 1, 
ut ne, that not ; quam plurimis de rebus ad ine 
velini scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorein, Cic ; 
2, ne non, that not; timeo ne non inipetrcin, 
Cic. 

3. ne, interrog. and enclitic particle. I. In 
simple questions ; 1, in direct questions, mitto 
alios; etiamne nobis expedit? Cic; 2, in in- 
direct questions, ut videamus, satisne ista sit 
defectio, Cic. II. In compound questions ; 1, 
in direct questions, satisne ergo pudori con- 
sulat, si quis sine teste libidini pareat, an est 
aliquid per se ipsum flagitiosum? Cic; 2, in 
indirect questions, nescio gratulerne tibi an 
timeam, Cic. 

Ncapolis -polis, ace -polim, f. (Nea7roAis). 
I. a part of Syracuse. II. a sea-port in Cam- 
pania, now Naples. Adj., Neapolitanus -a 
-um, Neapolitan. 

nebula -ae, f. {ve^i\r\). I. Lit., 1, exhala- 
tion, fog, mist; matutina, Liv.; 2, poet., cloud, 
Hor.; jiulveris, a cloud of dust, Lucr. ; 3, smoke, 
Ov. II. Transf., anything soft and transparent; 
vellera nebulas aequautia tactu, Ov. 

nebulo -onis, m. (nebula), a good-for-nothing 
fellow, idle rascal, worthless wretch, Cic. 

nebulosus -a -um (nebula), misty, foggy, 
cloiuly, dark; nebulosuni et caliginosum caelum, 
Cic. 

nec and neque, negative particles. I. A. 
and not; quia non viderunt nec sciunt, Cic; 
neque vero, and indeed not, Cic. ; nec tanien, 
and yet not, Cic. ; neque etiam, and indeed not, 
Cic; nec enim, neque enim, for not, Cic; neque 
non, and; necnon, and also, and indeed, Cic. 
B. 1, and also not ; Stoicum est nec admodum 
credibile, Cic. ; 2, and indeed not ; nuntii nobis 
tristes nec varii venerunt, Cic. ; 3, and yet not; 
conscripsi epistolam noctu ; nec ille ad me 
rediit, Cic. II. Joined with other pai tides; 
1, nec . . . nec, or neque . . . neque, neither 
. . . nor; 2, neque . . . el, not only not . . . 
but also ; nec miror et gaudeo, Cic 

nccdum, adv. and not yet, Cic. 

necessarie, adv. (necessarius), necessarily, 
unavoidably, Cic. 

nccessarid, adv. (necessarius), necessarily, 
unavoidably, Cic. 

necessarius -a -um (necesse), necessary, 
unavoidable, inevitable. I. Adj., lex, Cic; mors, 
Cic. ; res, necessity, Caes. ; omnia quae sint ad 
viveudum necessaria, Cic; quod mill] maxime 
nccessarium, Cic; neccssarium est, with infill, ; 
senatoii nccessarium est, nosse rempublicam, 
it is necessary, indispensable, Cic. II. Transf.. 
closely connected or related ; esp., subst., neccs 
sarins -ii, m., -a -ae, f., an intimate friend, 
connexion, near relation; mens familiaris BC 
necessarius, Cic. 

necesse, adj. n. (ne and eedo), found only 
in connexion with esse and habere, necessary, 
fated, unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable ; 
nihil lit, quod necesse non fnerit, Cic. ; homiiii 
necesse est niori, Cic. ; necesse habere, to con- 
siilcr necessary, be, obliged; eo minus hubco ne- 
cesse Bcriborc, Cic. 

necessitas -atis, f, (necesse). I. Lit., A. 
nccessltati parere, Cic; necessitatem alicui lm- 
]>onerc alicuins rei or aliquid faciendi. Cic. P. 
1, a, that which is inevitable, fate; mors est 
npoessj^s nqtnrae, Cic; b s vr.nt x •»«■<'; po\rrt;i- 



nee 

Tac; 2, plur., necessitates, necessaries, necessary 
expenses, Cues. II. Transf., intimate connexion, 
friendship, relationship ; si nostram necessitate!!! 
farailiaritatemqne violasset, Cic. 

necessitudo -inis, f. (neeesse), necessity, in- 
f.vitablenesn. I. Lit., puto lianc esse necessit- 
udinem, cni nulla vi resisti potest, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, of tilings, close connexion; rerum, 
Cic. ; 2, cfose connexion or relationship, intimate 
friendship; liberorum necessitudo, Cic; sunt 
mild rum illo omnes amicitiae necessitudines, 
Cic. ; familiaritatis et necessitudinis oblitus, 
Cic; 3, plur., intimate friends, near relations, 
Suet 

ne cessum and necessus est = neeesse est, 
it is necessary; -with in tin., Li v. ; or ace and 
infin., Liv. 

necne, or not. I. Generally in the second 
half of indirect questions, sintne dii necne, 
Cic. II. More rarely in direct questions, sunt, 
hnee tua verba necne? Cic. 

neenon (neqne non), v. nee. 

neco, 1. (uex), to kill, slay (usually l>y hunger, 
prison, etc., rather than by a weapon); plebem 
tame, Cic; aliquem igni, C'aes. ; aliquein ver- 
beribus, Cic. 

necopinans -autis, not expecting, unaware; 
aliquem necopinantem liberare, Cic. 

necopinato, adv. (necopinatus), unex- 
pectedly; si necopinato quid evenerit, Cic. 

necopinatus -a-um, unexpected; bona, Cic. ; 
ex necopinato, unexpected/!/, Liv. 

necopinus -a -mm, 1, pass., unexpected; 

mors, Ov. ; 2, act., not expecting, careless, 
Phaedr. 

nectar -Sris, n. (vixTap). I. nectar, the drink 

of the. gods, Cic. II. Applied to anything very 
sweet or pleasant ; honey, Verg. ; milk, Ov. 

nectareus -a -n m (rc/c-rapeo?), snvet as nectar ; 
aqua, ( >v. 

necto, nexui ami nexi, nexum, 3. I. Lit., 
A. to tie, hind, fasten, connect, weave or fasten 
together; catenas, eoronam, Ilor. ; coniam myrto, 
Ov. B. to bind, fetter, enslave, especially for 
debt ; nexus, a person enslaved in consequence of 
debt, Liv. ; eo anno plebi Bomanae velut aliud 
initinm libertatis factum est, quod necti desie- 
runt, Liv. II. Transf., A. to affix, attach; ex 
hoc genere cansarum ex aeternitate pendentium 
fatum a Stoicis nectitur, Cic. B. to connect; 
omnes virtutes inter se nexae et .iugatae sunt, 
Cic. ; dolum, to plot, Liv. ; causas inanes, bring 
forward, Verg. ; numeris verba, Ov. 

ncciibi, adv. lest anywliere, that nowhere, 
Caes. 

necunde, adv. lest from any quarter, that 
from no direction, Liv. 

nedum, adv. (lit. while not), 1, much less, 
st til, less, to say nothing of; foil, by snbj., 
nptimis temporibus nee V. Popillius nee Q. 
Metetlua vim tribuniciam sustinere potuerunt, 
nedum his temporibus sine vestra sapientia 
salvi esse possimus, much less at present, Cie. ; 
with ut and the subj., ne voce quidem jncom- 
inodi, nedum ut ulla vis fieret, Liv. ; 2, much 
more: coiisules bellicosi qui vel in pace tran- 
quilla helium excitare possent, nedum in bcllo 
respirarc civitatem forent passuri, lav. 

nefandus -a -um (ne and fari), not to he 
spoken of, impious, execrable, abominable; scelus, 
Cic; neut. subst., dii memores fandi atque 
nefamli, of right and wrong, Verg. 

nefarie, adv. (nefarius), impiously, abomin- 
ably, execrably; aliquid nefarie facere or com- 
mit tore, Cic. 

12 # 



30 J. 



neg 



nefarius -a -um (nefas), impious abominable, 
execrable, nefarious; homo, Cic. ; bclluni, Cic; 
subst., a, nefarius -ii, m. a wicked person, 
Cic; b, nefarium -It, n. an abominable, exe- 
crable action, Liv. 

nefas, u. indeel., that which is sinful, contrary 
to divine command, unlawful, 'wrong, an impious 
deed, a sin, crime ; 1, quirquid non licet, nefas 
putare debemus, Cic; Mercurius, quern Aegyptii 
nefas habent nominare, Cic. ; per fas et nefas, 
by fair means or foul, Liv. ; in omne nefas se 
parare, Ov. ; nefas est, Ii is a sin ; with infin., 
indicare in vulgua nefas (est), Cic; sometimes 
used as an interjection, shocking, dreadful! heu 
nefas! Hor. ; 2, a horrible thing; exstinxisse 
nefas laudabor (Helen as the cause of the ruin 
of Troy), Verg. 

nefastUS -a -um, forbidden, unholy. I. Of 
time, a, religious t. t., dies nefasti, on which no 
legal or public business could be transacted, Liv. ; 
b, unlucky, inauspicious; ille et nefasto te 
posuit dii!, Hor.; ne qua terra sit nefasta 
Victoria* suae, Liv. II. Of action, forbidden, 
sinjiil ; a, as religious t. t., quae augur injusta, 
nefasta delixerit, Cic; b, transf., quid intactum 
nefasti liquimus? Hor. 

negantia -ac, f. (nego), a denying, Cic. 

negatlo -dnis, f. (nego), a denying; negatio 
inlitiatioque facti, Cic. 

negito, 1. (in tens, of nego), to deny frequently, 
persist in denying; quam nuiltos annos esse 
negitavisset, Cic 

neglectio -onis, f. (negligo), neglect; amic- 
orum, Cie. 

1. neglectus -a -um, p. adj. (from negligo), 
neglected, disregarded; quum inter nos abjecti 
neglectique sinius, Cic 

2. neglectus -us, m. (negligo), a neglecting, 
■neglect, disregard, Ter. 

negleg ... v. neglig . . . 

negligens -entis, p. adj. (from negligo), 1, 
negligent, careless, indifferent, unconcerned ; in 
amieis eligendis, Cie. ;' with genit, amicoruni, 
Cic; 2, esp. in regard to property, careless, 
prodigal, extravagant ; adolescentia negligens 
luxuriosaque, Liv. 

negligenter, adv. (negligens), carelessly, 
unconcernedly, negligently ; scribere, Cic. 

negligentia -ae, f. (negligens). I. care- 
lessness, negligence ; in accusando, Cic; accusare 
aliquem de literarum negligentia, of omitting to 
write a letter, Cic. II. neglect sliown towards 
2iersons; deilm, Liv. 

negligo (ncglego, neclego) -lexi lectuin, 
3. (nee and lego), to neglect, disregard. I. Un- 
intentionally ; mandatum, Cic; with de and the 
abl., de Theopompo, summo homine, neglex- 
imus, Cic; with infin., obire diem edicti, Cic. 
II. Intentionally, 1, to make light of, despise, 
pay no heed to; periculum fortunurum et capitis 
sui, Cic; 2, to overlook, pass over; injurias Aedu- 
orum, Caes. 

nego, 1. (perhaps from ne and aio). I. 
In transit, to say no (opp. aio, to say yes); Dio- 
genes ait, Antipater negat, Cic. ;' with dat., 
saepius idem roganti, Cic. II. Transf., A. ta 
deny, to maintain or assert that a thing is not; 
crimen, Cic; with ace. and Infin., Stoici negant, 
quicquain esse boimm nisi quod honestum sit, 
Cic ; pass., with nom. and infin., ibi vis facta 
(esse) negabitur, Cic. ; non negare (foil, by quin 
and the subj.), negare non posse quin rectius sit 
exei<citum mitti, Liv. B. to deny a request, to re- 
fuse; nunquam reo cuiquam tarn praecise negavi, 
quain hie mini, Cic ; of inanimate ohjects, 
poma negat regio, refuses to produce apples, Ov. 



neg 



302 



neq 



negotialis -o (negotiant), o/or Muting to 

business, Cic. 

negotlans -antia, in. (partic of negotior as 
subst.), c wholesale dealer, merchant, banker,C\c. 

negotiatio -Onis, f. (negotior), wholesale 
business, extensive trade, "bankers' business; re- 
liquiae negotiationis vestvae, Cie. 

negotiator -oris, m. (negotior), a large 
wholesale denier, extensive merchant, banker, Cie. 

negotiolum -i, n. (dim. of negotiant), a 
small transaction, little business; tna negotiola 
Epliesi curae mihi fuerunt, Cie. 

negotior, 1. dep. (negotium). I. to carry on- 
business, especially on a large scale, as e.g., a 
banker; Patris, at Patrac, Cic. It. to trade, 
Liv 

negotiosus -a -um (negotium), full of busi- 
ness, busy; provincia, Cic; homo, Sail.; dips, 
working days, Tae. 

negotium -li, n, (nee and otium), absence of 
leisure, business, occupation, employ/unit. I. 
satis negotii halmi in sanandis vulneribus, Cie. ; 
neqne esse quidqnam negotii (any difficulty) 
banc sub sarcinis adoriri, C'aes. ; negotiant alicui 
exhibere or facere, to cause trouble to « person, 
Cie... II. Transf., A. some single, employment or 
occupation ; 1, negotia privata, doinostica, Cic. ; 
negotium snscipere, Cic; oonficere, Cat's.; 2, 
a, public business ; negotia forensia, Cic. ; b, of 
a battle, nfi'i'tr; t'acies negotii, Sail.; c, money- 
transactions; habere negotia Vetera in Sicilia, 
<'ie. ; d, management of a household ; negotium 
male gerere, Cie. B. Meton., of men, Callis- 
thenis quideni vnlgarc et notuin negotium, Cic 

Neleus -ei, in. (NrjAev's), a mythical king of 
Pylos, father of Nestor : hence, 1, adj., Neleius 
-a -um, and 2, Neleus -a -um, of or relating to 
Neleus or Nestor: 3, subst., Nehdes -ae, in. 
a male descendant of Neleus, Nestor, Ov. 

Nemea -ae, f. (Nepea), and Nemee -est, f. 
(Ne;ifT)), a city of Argolis, near which IFercides 
killed the Nemea n lion, and founded the Nemenu 
games. Hence, 1, adj., Nemcaeus -a -um, 
Nemean; lco, Ov.; 2, subst., Nemea -6rum, n. 
the Nemean names, Liv. 

Nemesis -sSos, f. (Ne>eiris), the goddess of 
justice and equity who punished pride and arro- 
gance, also called Adrastea and Rhumuusin. 

Nemetes -um, a people in Gallia Belgica. 

nemo -Inis c. (for ncbemo, from ne and 
hemo = liomo), no man, no one, nobody. I. 
Subst., nemo omnium ninrtalium, Cic; nemo 
unu.S, Cic. ; nemo alius, no one rise, Cie. ; nemo 
nee deus nee homo, vo god or mortal, Cic. ; nemo 
fst quin (with BUbj.), there U no one who does 
'not, etc., Cie.; nemo non, every one, Cie.; non 
io, many a one, Cie. II. Adj. = no; homo, 
Cie. ;-civia Cie.; Romanus, Jjiv. (of the oblique 
eases only nemini and neminein arc usually 
found). 

nemoralis -e (nemus), o/or relating to woods 
or groves, sylvan : umbrae, antrum, Ov. 

nemorensis -e (nemus), belonging to a grove 
or wood : esp., o/or relating to the grove of Diana 
at Aricia, Suet. 

nemoricultrix -icis, f. (nemus and eultrix), 
oh inhabitant of the woods, Fliaedr. 
. nemorivagus -a -uin (nemus and vagus), 
wandering in the woods, Cat. 

nemdrosus -a -um (nemus), 1, woody, full 
of grores ; Zacyntbos, Verg. ; 2, thickly leaved, 
full of foliage ; silvae, Ov. 

nempe, Conj. (from nam and demonstrative 
FUlf. -pe), forsooth, truly, certainly, to he sure, 
namely; nempe incomposito dixi pede enrrere 



versus Lucili, Hor. ; si dat tautam pecllhiam 
Flacco, nempe idcirco dat, ut rata sit Cinptio, of 
course, Cic. ; nempe negas?Cic. 

nemus -oris, n. (re'/jos), " wood with glades 
and pasture land for cattle, grove, forest ; 1, agri 
e.t nemora, Cic; 2, esp., the grove at Aricia 
sacred to Diana, Cie. 

nenia (naenia) -ae, f. a funeral sung, dirge; 
1, lit., Cic; 2, any mournful song, Hor.; 3, 
a song of incantation, an incantation, Hor. ; 4, 
a. popular song, nursery sona, lullaby, Hor. 
(nenia (abl.), dissyll., Ov." Fast! 0. 142.). 

nco, nfvi, nStum, 2. (via). I. to spin ; 
stamina, fila, esp. of the Parcae, Ov. II, to 
weave, •iw/enaare/'tunicara qnam molli neverat 
auro, Verg. (syncop. pert"., nerunt, Ov.). 

Neocles -is and -i, m. (Neo/v-A.%), father oj 
Themistocles. Hence, Neoclides -ne, m. son eg 
Neocles, i.e., Themistocles. 

nepa -ae, f. 1, a scorpion, Cic; the constel- 
lation so called, Cic. poet. ; 2, the crab, Plant. ; the 
constellation so called, Cic. poet. 

Nepete -is, n. a town of Ktruria, now Kepi. 
Hence, adj. Nepetinus -a -um, of or reluting 
to NcjH u . 

Nephele -es, f. (Ne^eArj), wife of Athamas, 
mother of Phrixus and Uelle. Hence, Nephe- 
leis -eldos, f. a daughter of Nephele, Ilelle, Ov. 

1. nepos -Otis, m. and f. a grandchild. I. 
A. Lit., Q. Pompeii ex lilia nepos, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, a brother's or sister's child, nephew, 
.Suet. ; 2, a descendant, Very., Hor. II. Meton., 
aspendthrift, prodigal ("pp. patruus), Cie. 

2. Nepos -potis, in., C. Cornelius, a Roman 
historian, friend of Alliens, Cicero, and Catullus, 
liring probably between '.'4 and 24 a. v., of whose 
works a part of the book He viris illustribus is 
extant. 

nepotulus -i, m. (dim. of nepos), a little 
grant/son, Plant. 

neptis -is, f. (nepos), a grand-daughter, Cic; 
neptis Veneris, Ina, Ov. ; doetae neptes, the 
Muses, Ov. 

Neptunine -es, f. a daughter or grand- 
daughter of Neptune, Cat. 

NeptUllUS -i, in. Neptune, god. of the se/t, 
brother of Jupiter, husband of Amphitrile, iden- 
tified with the Greek Poseidon ; meton., the sea, 
Verg. ; hence, adj., Neptunlus -a -um, Nep- 
tunian; Troja, built by Neptune, Verg. ; heros, 
Theseus, Ov. ; dux, Sexi. Pompeius, Hor. ; aquae, 
a well at Tarracina, Liv. 

nequam, adj. indeel., compar. nequior, 
Bnperl. nequissimus (for ne-aequum, from 
aequus), worthies*, good for 'nothing, useless, 
bad, wicked ; quid est nequins effeminato viro ? 
Cic. ; liberti nequam ct. improbi, Cic. 

nequaquam, adv. by no means, in no wise, 
Cic, 

neque = nee (q.v.). 

nequedum (necdum), adv. and not yet, 
Cic^, 

nequeo -Ivi and -Ti -Itum, 4. to be unable; 
rictam aetatem niemiiiissenequimus, Lucr. ; cum 
Demosthenes rho dicere nequiret, Cic. ; pass., 
quicquid sine sanguine civium nleisci nequitur, 
jure (actum sit, Sail, (imperf., nequibat, Sail. ; 
partic, nequiens, Sail.). 

nequiquam (ncquicquam, nequid- 
quam), adv. (ne and abl. quiquam), in vain, 
fruitlessly, to no purpose; et sero etnequidquam 
pudet, Cic. ; aliening auxiliura implorare, Cncs. 

nequitcr, adv. (nequam), worthlessly, wretch'- 
edly, badly, miserably; ille porro male, prave, 
nequiter, turpiter coenabat, Cic. 



neq 



363 



nie 



nequitia -ae, f. ami nequities -ei, f. (nc- 
quam), 1, worthlessness, laziness, idleness, in- 
activity; inertissimi homines nescio qua singu- 
lari nequitia praediti, Cic. ; 2, extravagance, 
prodigality, Cic ; 3, wantonness, profligacy; uxor 
pauperis Ibyci, tandem iiequftiae pone mod um 
tuae, Hor.; 4, wickedness, villainy, Cic. 

Neretum -i, n. a town in Calabria, now 
Nardo. 

Nereus -8oa and -fii, m. (Nijpcu's), a sea-god, 
son ofOceamts and Tethys, father, by Doris, of the 
Nereids; rneton., the sea, Tib.; hence, 1, 

Nereis -Wis, f. a daughter of Kerens, a Nereid, 
Ov. ; 2,_ Nerine -es, f. o Nereid, Verg. ; 3, 
adj., Nereius -a -um, of or belonging to Nereus; 
genitrix, Thetis, mother of Achilles, Ov.; nepos, 
Achilles, Ov. 

Neritus (-os) -i, m. (NijpiTo«), a moun- 
tain of Ithaca, also the name of a small island 
near Ithaca ; hence, Neritlus -a -um, Neritian ; 
ratis, tlie ship of Ulysses, Ov.; dux, Ulysses, Ov. 

Nero -onis, m. a family name of the gens 
Claudia, the mast celebrated of which were: 

1, C. Claudius Nero, consul 207 b.u., wlu>- de- 
feated llasdmbal at the battle of the Metaurus; 

2, C. Claudius Nero, the fifth Roman emperor 
("j4-0Sa.d.). Hence, adj., 1, Neroneus-a-um, 
and 2, Neronianus -a -um, Neronian. 

Nersac -arum, f. a town in Italy, probably in 

I/ltiUM: 

Nerulum -i, n. a fortified place in Ivmnia. 

Nervii -ornm, m. re warlike people, in the 
north of Gallia Bel-gicu. Hence, adj., Nervicus 
-a -um, Nervian. 

I nervose, adv. (nervosus), strongly, rigor- 
ously, energetically; nervosius dicere, Cic. 

nervosus -a -um (nevvis), sinewy, nervous. 

1. Lit., poples, Ov. II. Fig., of discourse, 
vigormis, nervous in, style; qnis Aristotele ner- 
vosior? Cic. 

nervulus -i, m. (dim. of nervna), nerve, 

strength; in plur., nervulos adhiberc, Cic. 

nervus -i, m. (veiipoy), a sinew, tendon, nerve ; 
gen. plur., nervi, the sinews, nerves. I. A. Lit., 
nervi a quibus artna continentur, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, the string of a musical instrument ; 
quotidiano cantu vocum et nervorum ettibiarum 
tota vicinitas personat, Cic; 2, a bowstring; 
nervo aptare sagittas, Verg. ; 3, the leather 
with which shields are covered, Tac. ; 4, a strap 
or thong with which the limbs are bound, bonds, 
fetters, and hence, prison, imprisonment ; in 
nervis teneri, Liv. II. Fig., A. 1, nerve, 
strength, vigour, effort; in quo omnes nervos 
aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. ; 

2, esp., of discourse, rigour, energy; nervi 
oratorii, Cic. B. the chief strength ; nervi belli 
pecunia, money the sineivs of war, Cic. ; nervi 
conjurationis, Liv. 

nescio -iviand -ii -Itnm, 4. not to know, to be 
ignorant of. I. Gen., de Oropo opinor, sed 
certmn nescio, I do not certainly know, Cic; 
with rel. sent., nescis quanta cum exspectatione 
aim te audituros, Cic ; quid nobis agendum sit, 
nescio, Cic. ; nescio qui, quae, quod (interrog.), 
nescio quis, quid, / know not who or what, some- 
body or something; casu nescio quod, Cic; in 
oppidum, nescio quod, Cic. ; nescio quid ex- 
sculpserunt, Cic; nescio qnomodo, I know not 
how, somehow or other, Cic II. Esp., A. not to 
know or recognise a person or thing ; non nescire 
hiemem, Verg. B. not to understand anything, 
to be unabhio do anything, not to have learnt; 
non tarn pracolarum est scire Latine quani turpa 
nescire, Cic; Stoici omnino irasci nesciunt, Cic. 

nescius -a -um (ne and sciu). I. Act., A. 



not knowing, ignorant, unaware, unconscious ; 
nescia mens hominum fati sortisqtte futurae, 
Verg. ; non sum nescius, ista inter Graecos dici, 

Cic. B. 'not knowing how to do anything, unable 

to do anything; pueri fari nescii, Hor. ; cedere 
nescius, Hor. II. Pass., unl.uown ; nes.ia 
tributa, Tar'. ; causa, Ov. 

NesiS -idis, f. ail island in the CrulfofPutfolt, 
now Nisita. 

Nessus -i, m. (NVcro-os). I. a river in Thrace. 
II. a Centaur killed by Hercules with a poisoned 
arrow. 

Nestor -Sris, m. (NVa-rwp), son of Nelev.S, 
king of Pylus, the oldest and most experienced of 
the Greek.heroes before Troy. 

Netum -i, n. n town of Sicily, south-west of 
Syracuse. 

neu = neve (q.v.). 

neuter -tra -trum (ne and liter), neither of 
two. I. Lit., quid bOUUUl sit, quid malum, quid 
lieutrum, Cic; nentram in partem moveri, Cic; 
neuter consilium, Liv. II. in grammar, nomiwi 
neutra, or simply ueutra, neuter nouns, Cic. 

neutiquam, adv. by no means, not at all; 
monebas de Q. Cicerone ut emu quidem neuti- 
quam relinquerem, Cic. 

neutrd, adv. (neuter), in neither direction, to- 
wards neither side; neulro inclinata res, spes, 
Liv. 

neutrufol, adv. (neuter ami ubi), in neither 
place, Want. 

•neve or neu, adv. and not', or not, nar 
(follows ut or ne) ; rogo te, ne contrahas, neve 
sinas, Cic; cohortatus est, uti suae prislinae 
virtutis meinoriam retinerpnt, neu perturbar- 
entiur aninio, Caes. ; sometimes follows the subj. 
only, hie ames dici pater atque princeps, neu 
sinas Medos cquit.ue inultos, Hor. ; sometimes 
repeated, neither . . . nor; ut id neve in hoc, 
neve, in alio requiras, Cic. 

ncvis, nevult = nonvis, nonvult, v. nolo 

nex, necis, f. (et. Gr. veicvs). I. violent death, 
murder; necem sibi consciscere, to commit 
suicide, Cic; vitae necisque potestatem habere 
in aliqucm, Caes. ; nlicui necem inferre or 
otferre, Cic. II. Meton., blood of the person, 
slain; manus nece Phrygia imbutae, Ov. 

nexilis -e (necto), tied together, bound to- 
gether ; sinus, Ov. 

nexo, 1. (iutens. of necto), to tie together, bind 
together, Lucr. 

nexum -i, n. (necto), a formal transaction 
between debtor and creditor, by which the debtor 
pledged his liberty as security for his debt, Liv.; 
meton., the. obligation created by nexum, Cic. ; 
quiiiii sunt, propter unius libidinem, omnia nexa 
civrum liberate neetierque postea desitum, Cic 

nexus -us, m. (necto). I. a binding, tying 
together, entwining, connecting ; atomorum, Cic ; 
serpens, baculuni qui nexibus ambit, Ov. II. 
Fig., A. legis nexus, Tac B. the relation or 
obligation arising from nexum ; nexu vincti, Liv.; 
se nexu obligare, Cic 

ni, adv. and conj. I.= no in sentences with 
the subj., ni teneant cursus, Verg. ; hence, quid 
ni? ivhy not? Cic. . II.= si non, if not, except, 
unless; moriar, ni puto, I wish I may die if I 
don't think, Cic. ; plures cecidissent, ni nox 
praelio intervenisset, Liv.; excidium minitans, 
ni causam suam dissociarent, Tac. 

Nieaea -ae, f. (NiVaia). I. a town in Bi- 
thynia, now Isnik. II. a town in Locris, not 
far from Thermopylae. 

nicaeus -a -um (i'ikoios, victorious), epithet 

of Jupiter 



Nic 



36 



Nio 



Nicander -tin', in. csixavSpoi), poet, grunt- 
nw.rian, ami physician of Colophon. 

nicator -Oris, ace. plur. -5ms, m. (viKdnap), 
the conqueror; soldier of a body-guard of Perseus, 

king of Macedonia. 

Niccphorium (on) -li, n. (Nucn$oplov), 

I, r grow near Pergamum; 2, «■ tmen in Mrso- 
potamia. 

NlCephoriUS -ii, m. a river in Armenia. 

niootcrium -II, n. (mo;n)pioi), the reward of 
victory, prize, Juv. 

Nicomedes -is, n. (Nikoji>)£i)s), 'name of 
several lings of Bithynia. 

Nicopdlis, ace. Am, f. (Nixon-oAts), a town in 
Aearnania, founded by Augustus to commemorate 
his victory at Actium. 

niGto, 1. and nlotor, 1. dep. (*nieo, to 
beckon), 1, to more the eyelid up arid down, to 
wink, Plin. ; 2, to wink with the eye, as a 
signal ; alicui, Plant. 

niotus -lis, in. (* nico), a winking with the 
eye, Ov. (?) 

indumentum -i, II. (nidus), the materials of 
a nest, Phiut. 

mdifico, 1. (nidus and facio), to build a nest, 
Plin. 

nidor -Oris, m. (connected with kvItco), a 
vapour, odour, steam arising from anything which 
is cooked ; gauearum, Cic. 

nidulus -i, m. (dim. nf nidus), a little nest; 
Itliaca ilia in nsperrimis saxulis tamquam 
nidulus nttixa, Cie. " 

nidus -i. m. a nest. I. 1, lit., eflhigerp et 
const ittu-rr. nidos, Cic.; nidum tignis suspendit 
hirundo, Verg. ; tig., me niajores pennas nido 
extendisse, to raise oneself above, the. condition in 
which one is liorn, Uor. ; 2, metou., the young 
birds in the nest, nestling*; nidi loquaces, Verg. 

II. Transf., a direlliiig on a height; eelsae 
Achermitine, Hor. 

niger -gw -grnm, black, dark-coloured. I. 
A. 1-it., hederae, Verg. J sllvae, Hor.; eocluin 
pice nigrius, Ov. ; subst., nigrum -i, n. a 
clack spot, Ov. B. Meton., making black, black- 
ening ; Anster, Verg. II. Transf., 1, of or 
relating to death; ignes, the funeral pile, Hor.; 
dies, the day of death, Prop. ; 2, a, unlucky, un- 
propitious; b, of character, black = wicked, Cic. 

nigrans -nntis, p. adj. (from nigro), black, 
dark-coloured, Verg. 

nigresoo -grni, n. (* nigreo), to become black, 
grow dark in colour, grow dark; tenebris ni- 
gresennt omnia cireum, Verg. 

nigro, 1. (niger), to be black, Lncr. 

nigror -oris, in. (niger), blackness; mortis, 
Liter. 

nihil and contr. nil, n. indecl. nothing. 
I. Subst., A. nothing; nihil agere, Cic..; with 
genit. of subst. or neut. nd,j., nihil rerum huuian- 
aniin, Cie.; nihil niali, Cie.; nihil estcur, qnaino- 
brem, quod, there is no reason why ; nihil est cur 
gestias, Cic. ; nihil ad rem, it has nothing to do 
with the business, Cic; nihil non, everything; 
nihil mail non inest, Cic. ; non nihil, something, 
Cic. ; nihil nisi, nothing but, Cic. ; nihil aliud 
nisi, nothing else, but, Cic. ; nihil . . . quin, e.g., 
nihil agis quin ego audiani, you do nothing that 
I do not hear of, Cie. B. a nothing ; nihil esse, 
to he. good fir nothing, Cic.; aliquem nihil putare, 
to think nothing of, Cie. II. Adj. in the phrases, 
nihil quidquam, nihil unuin, Cic. III. Adv., 
not at all, in nothing; de fratre nihil ego te 
accusavi, Cic. ; Thebani nihil moti sunt, Liv. 

I nlhildum, conj. nothing as yet, Cic. 



nihilominus, v. nihilum. 

nlhllum -i, n. (nihil), nothing. I. Subst. 
ex niliilo oriatur, Cic; ad nihilum venire oi 
reddens, Cic. ; pro niliilo est, it is as good, us 
nothing, Cie. ; nihili, the genit. of price ; facere, 
aestimare, to think nothing of, Cic.; «le niliilo, 
without ground or reason, Liv.; abl., niliilo, 
with eompar., by nothing, iio; nlhilo benevol- 
entior, Cic. ; niliilo magis, Cie.; nihilominus = 
no less, nevertheless, ■notwithstanding ; nihilo- 
rninus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi eaquidam 
perverse abutuntur, Cic. II, Adv., in nn way, 
Hor., Liv. 

nil = nihil (q.v.). 

nllum = nihiliun (q.v.). 

NllUS -i, m. (NeiAos), the river Nile ; hence, 

1, adj., NillaCUS -a -inn, belonging to the Nile; 
fera, a crocodile., Mart.; modi, Egyptian, Ov. ; 

2, Niligena -ae, ra. (Nilus and' gigno), one 
bom on the Nile, an Egyptian ; 3, transf. = « 
canal, aqueduct, Cie. 

nimbatus -a -nm (nimbus), shrouded in 
cloud or mist, Plant. 

nimbifer -fera -ferum (nimbus and fero), 
storm-bringing, stormy, Ov. 

nimbosus -a -um (nimbus), rainy, stormy; 
ventus, Ov. 

nimbus -i, m. (connected with nubo). I. a 
storm of rain, violent shower of rain; 1, lit., 
nimbus effusus, Liv. ; 2, transf., ferreus, shower 
of missiles, Verg. II. a storm ; 1, lit., a, Cic. ; 
b, a storm-wind; toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi, 
Verg.; 2, lig., hunc quidem nimbuni eito trans- 
isse laetor, Cic. III. a cloud; 1, <i black rain- 
cloud ; invoivere diem nimbi, Verg.; 2, a cloud, 
mist, Liv., Verg.; 3, transf., a, fulvae nimbus 
arenae, Verg.; b, of a large number of persons 
or things, a cloud ; pcdituin, Verg. 

nimio, v. nimius. 

nimirum, adv. (ni=ne and minim), un- 
doubtedly, doubtless, truly, certainly; niniirum 
Themistoeles est auctor adhihendus, Cie. ; often 
ironically, doubtless, Jorsooth ; uni nimiruni tihi 

recte semper erunt res, Hor. 

nimis, adv. too much, overmuch, excessively : 
valde, snepe, Cie.; foil, by genit., insidiariuu, 
Cic; non nimis, not particularly, not very much ; 
praesidium non nimis Annum, Cic. 

nimium, v. nimius. 

nimius -a -um (nimis), too great, too much, 
excessive. I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of things, 
celeritas, Cic; b, of persons, intemperate, im- 
moderate; nimius in lionoribus decernendis, 
Cic; with genit., imperii, Liv. ; -2, too powvr- 
ful, too great; (legio) consularibus nimia, Tac 
B. Transf., very large, excessively large ; nimium 
quantum, to an extraordinary degree ; sales in 
dicendo nimium quantum valent, Cie. II. 
Subst., excess, too much ; nimium dixisse, Cic ; 
nimium hostium, Liv. III. Adv., A. nimio, by 
far, very much, exceedingly : esp. with eompar., 
Albi, ne doleas plus nimio, Hor. B. nimium, 
too, too much; nimium din, too long, Cic.; non 
nimium, not particularly, Cic. 

ningo (ningiio), ninxi, 3. (nix), tn snow; 
1, usually impcrs., ningit, it snows, Verg.; 2, 
transf., ningunt floribns rosarum, Lucr. 

ninguis -is, f. snow, Lucr. 

Ninus -i, (Ni'i-o;). I. m. king of Assyria, 
husband of Semiramis. II. f. Nineveh, the 
capital of Assyria. 

Niobe -es, f. and Nioba -ae, f. (Nio£t)), 
daughter of Tantalus, wife of Amphion. Hence, 
adj., Niobeus -a -um, of Niobe. 



Nip 



365 



nob 



Niphates -ae, m. (Nt^an}?, the snow-moun- 
tain), a mountain of the Taurus range in Ar- 
menia. 

Nireus, ace. NirSa, m. (Nipeiis), son of 
Charopus, next to Achilles the most beautiful of all 
the Greek heroes at the siege of Troy. 

NIsaeus, Niseis, Niseius, v. i. Nisus. 

nisi, conj. (for ni-si). I. if not ; quod nisi 
esset, certe postea non discessisset, Cic. II. A. 
After negatives and questions, except, unless; hoc 
sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiaui non posse, Cic. ; 
Labienns juravit se, nisi victorem, in castranon 
reversuiuin, Cic. ; after nihil aliud, quid aliud, 
etc., nisi — than, but; erat historia nihil aliud 
nisi annalium eonfectio, Cic. B. nisi si, except 
if, except in case that; nisi si qui ad me plura 
scripsit, Cic; nisi quod, except that; praedia me 
valde delectant, nisi quod ilium aere alieno 
obruerunt, Cic. 

Nfsibis, ace. -in, f. (Ni'<rij3ts), capital of the 
province of Mygdonia in Mesopotamia. 

1. NlSUS -i, m. I. king in Mcgara, father of 
Scylla, changed into a sparrow-hawk. Hence, adj., 
A. Nisaeus -a -urn, of Nisus; canes (of Scylla, 
the daughter of Phorcus, confused with Scylla, 
daughter of Nisus), Ov. B. Nislas -adis, f. 
= Megarian, Ov. C. Niseis -idis, f. Scylla, 
daughter of Nisus. D. Niseius -a -um, of or 
relating to Nisus; virgo, Scylla, Ov. II. the 
friend of Euryalns (in Vergil's Aeneid). 

2. nisus (nixus) -us, in. (1. niter). I. a 
step, tread; stat gravis Entellus nisuque im- 
motus eodem, in the same posture, Verg. II. 1, 
an ascent; nisus per saxa, Sail.; 2, flight, Verg.; 
3, the course of the stars, Cic. ; 4, the pains of 
labour, a giving birth, Cic. 

3. nisus -a -um, v. 1. nitor. 

nitedula -ae, f. a field-mouse, shrew-mouse, 
Cic. 

nitella = nitedula (q.v.). 

1. nitens -entis, p. adj. (from niteo). I. 1, 
shinhig, bright, glittering; lacrimis oculos suffusa 
nitentes, Verg. ; 2, of animals, taurus, sleek, 
Verg. ; 3. of men, bright, beautifxd, Cat. ; 4, of 
plants, blooming ; niteutiaculta, Verg. II. Fig.; 
brilliant; oratio, Cic. 

2. nitens -cutis, partic. of nitor. 

niteo -iii, 2. (nix), to shine, glitter, be bright. 

I. A. Lit., luna nitet, Lucr. ; qui niteht un- 
giientis, fulgent purpura, Cic. B. Fig., to be 
brilliant ; illorum vides quam niteat oratio, Cic. 

II. Transf., 1, of men and animals, to be sleek, 
appear in good condition, look bright or beautiful, 
Hor. ; 2, of things, to abound, to flourish; 
vectigal in pace niteat, Cic. 

nltesco, 3. (niteo), to begin to shine, to be 
bright. I. .inventus nudatos humeros oleo per- 
fusa nitescit, Verg. II. Of animals, to be sleek, 
in good condition, Pliu. 

nitide, adv. (nitidus), brilliantly, splendidly; 
cenaro, Plaut. 

nitidiusciile, adv. (uitidiusculus), some- 
what splendidly, with moderate brilliance, Plaut. 

nitldiusculus -a -um (dim. of compar. 
nitidior), somewhat splendid, somewhat brilliant, 
Plaut. ' 

nitldUS -a -um (niteo), bright, brilliant, 
shmvng, glittering. I. A. Lit., ebur, Ov. B. 
Tranaf., a, of animals, sleek, fat, in good con- 
dition ; vacca, Or. ; b, of men, (a) sleek, healthy- 
looking ; me pinguem et nitidum bene curata cute 
vises, Hor. ; robur, Liv. ; (0) handsome, spruce, 
trim, elegant ; quos pexo capillo nitidos videtis, 
Cic. ; ox nitido tit rusticus, Hor. ; o, of fields and 
Plants, flourishing, blooming, luxuriant; campi,-| 



Cic. II. Fig., elegant, refined, polished, euJ. 
tivated; nitidum quoddam genus verborum et 
laetum, Cic. 

Nitiobriges -uin, m. a Celtic people in Aqui- 
tauia. 

1. nitor, nisus or nixus sum, 3. dep. to rest, 
lean, support oneself upon anything. I. Gen., A., 
Lit., stirpibus BUM, Cic; hastili, Cic; baculo, 
Ov.; in hastain, Verg. B. Transf., 1, torestupon, 
depend upon ; in te nititur civitatis salus, Cic. ; 
2, to confide in, put one's trust in, lean upon; 
consilio alicuius, Cic II. A. Lit., 1, to tread, 
move ; simul ac primum niti possunt, Cic. ; 2, 
to give birth to, bring forth, Ov. ; 3, to make an 
effort, Cacs. ; 4, of birds or winged creatures, to 
jty, Verg. ; 5 ; to climb, ascend, push up towards a 
height; gradibus, Verg. B. Transf,, to strain, 
strive, exert oneself, endeavour; tantuin, quantum 
potest, quisque nitatur, Cic. ; pro libertate, 
Sail. ; ad immortalitatem gloriae, Cic. ; with 
ace. and infill., nitamur igitur nihil posse per- 
cipi, Cic; with ut or ne and the subj.; Nep., 
Sail. 

2. nitor -oris, in. (niteo), brilliance, bright- 
ness, splendour. I. Lit, diurnus, daylight, 
Ov. ; argenti et auri, Ov. ; elegance, charm, 
beauty, Cic ; urit me Glycerae nitor, Hor. II. 
Fig., splendour, elegance of style; orationis, Cic; 
nitor et cultus descriptionuin, Tac 

nitrum -i, n. (virpov), natron, natural soda, 
used for washing, ap. Cic. 

nivalis -e (nix), of or relating to snow, snowy. 

I. A. Lit., dies, Liv. B. Metcu., snow-white ; 
equi caur'. ne nivali, Verg. II. covered with snow; 
Othrys, Verg. 

nivatus -a -um (nix), cooled with snow, iced, 
Suet. 

1. nive = ni(q.v.). 

2. nive = neve (q.v.). 

niveus -a -um (nix), of or relating to snow, 
snowy. I. Lit, agger, Verg. ; mons, covered with 
snow, Cat. II. Meton., white as snow, snowy; 
lacerti, Verg. ; lac, Verg. 

nivosus -a -um (nix), abounding in mow, 
snowy; graudo, Liv.; hieins, Liv. 

nix, uivis, f. (* vi\fr, ace. n'^a). I. Lit., snow., 
Cic. H. = grey hair ; nives capitis, Hor. 

Nixi dii, three images of gods in a kneeling 
position in the Capitol at Rome, invoked as the 
deities of child-birth. 

nixor, 1. dep. (intens. of nitor), to lean upon, 
rest upon, to strive, strain, Lucr., Verg. 

1. nixus =2. nisus (q.v.). 

2. nixus, v. l. nitor. 

no, navi, nare («u), to swim. J. Lit., bestiae 
nautes, Cic. ; pro v., nare sine cortice, to be able 
to do without a guardian, Hor. II. Trau6f., to 
sail, float, flow, fly, Verg., Cat 

nobilis -e (nosco), noticeable, well-known. I. 
Gen., inimicitiae nobiles inter eos erant, Liv. 

II. A. celebrated, renowned, well-known; ex 
doctrina, Cic. ; ut arcendis sceleribus exemplum 
nobile esset, Liv. ; in a bad sense, infamous, 
notorious; nobilis clade Romaua Cau'dina pax, 
Liv. B. of noble birth, noble, belonging to a 
family some members of which had ■ held curule 
magistracies (opp. novus or ignobihs), Cic. ; 
nobili genere nati, Cic; homo, Cic. C. excellent, 
noble; tres nobilissiml fundi, Cic 

nobiHtas -Stis, t. (nobilis). L fame, celeb- 
rity, Cic. II. noble birth, nobility ; genere et 
nobilitate sui umuicipii facile priinus, Cic f 
meton., the aristocrats, the nobility ; Omnis nostra 
nobilitas interiit, Caes. III. excellence, worth, 
superiority; signa summa nobilitate. Cic. 



nob 



366 



nom 



.nobiliter, adv. (nobilis), ejccellcntly, admir- 
ably, nobly, Plin. 

nobilito, 1. (nobilis), to make known. I. 
Gen., rem, Liv. II. to wake famous, renowned; 
a, in a good sense, poetae post mortem nobilit- 
ari volunt, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, to make in- 
famous, notorious; Phalaris, cuius est praetor 
ceteros nobilitata crudelitas, Cic. 

nocens -eutis, p. adj. (from noceo). I. Gen., 
hurtful, injurious, noxious ; caulcs, Cic. II, Esp., 
culpable, criminal, guilty, wkked ; homo, Cic. ; 
subst. nocens, a guUty person, Cic. 

noceo -ui -itum, 2. to hurt, injure, harm; 
with dat., alteri, Cic. ; with dat. and neut. ace, 
nihil iis, Caes. ; with ace. and infin., nocet esse 
deuai, Ov. ; pass, impels., ne quid eis noceatur, 
Cic. 

nficlvus -a -um (noceo), hurtful, injurious, 
Phaedr. ; 

nootifer -feri, in. (nox and fero), the night- 
bringer, i.e., the Evening Star, Cat. 

noctiluca -ae, f. (nox and luceo, something 
that shines by night), the moon, Hor. 

noctivagUS -a -um (nox and vagus), wander- 
ing by night; curms (of the moon), Verg. 

noctu (another form of nocte), a, abl., hac 
noctu, Plaut. ; b, adv. by night, in the night 
(opp. iuterdiu, by day), Cic 

noctua -ae, f. (*noctuus from nox), the owl, 
Verg. 

noctuabundus -a -um(*uoctuor from nox), 
travelling by night; tabellarius, Cic. 

noctuinus -a -um (noctua), of or relating to 
the owl, Plaut. 

noctumus -a -um (noctu), by night, nightly, 
nocturnal; labores diurnos nocturnosque suscip- 
ere, Cic. ; fur, Cic. ; lupus, preying by night, 
Verg. ; Bacchus, worshipped at night, Verg. ; 
subst, Noctumus -i, in. the' nod of night, 
Plaut. 

nocuus -a -um (noceo), hurtful, injurious,Ov. 

node, 1. (nodus), to knot, tie ina knot. I. Lit., 
crines in aurum, Verg. II. Transf., to fetter ; 
collum laqueo nodatus arnator, Ov. ' 

nodosus -a -um (nodus), full of t»o?i , knotty. 
I. Lit., lina, nets, Ov. II.' Fig., knotty, full of 
difficulties, Sen. ; transf., Cicuta, a usurer, cun- 
ning in ensnaring debtors, llor. 

nodus -i, in. a knot. I. A. Lit., Cic. B. 
Meton^ a, a girdle. Verg.: <uini, the equator, 
Lucr. ; b, the knot into which the hair was, some- 
times collected, Ov. C Fig., 1, a tie, bond, 
connexion ; amicitiae, Cic. ; 2, a, a bond, obliga- 
tion, fetter; exsolvere aniuios nodis religiouum, 
Lucr.; b, a difficulty, entanglement, perplexity; 
dum hie nodus expediatur, Cic. II. Transf. , 1, a 
knot or knob on the joint of an animal; crura 
sine nodis articulisque habere, Caes. ; 2, a knot 
in the wood of plants, Verg,, Liv.; 3, a. star in 
onstellation Pisces, Cic. poet. 

Nola -ae, f. a town in Campania, now Nola. 
Hence, adj., Nolanus -a -um, belonging to 
Nola; subst., Nolani -orum, m. the inhabitants 
of Sola; subst., in Nolauo, in the territory of 
Nola, Cic. 

nolo, nolui, nolle (ne and volo). I. to be 
unwilling, not to wish; with ace., quae etiam- 
t: Eoluut, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nolo enim, 
eundern populum imperatoreni esse et por- 
Titorem terranuu, Cic. ; pluribus pvaeseutibus 
ea3 res jactari nolebat, Caes. ; with infin., 
alienaro nolui, Cic. ; with eubj., nolo aecusator 
;n judioium potentiam afTeiat, Cic. ; the imper., 
noli, nolite, nolito, is frequently uiad with the 
infln. <?f another verb to forni a ptriphrastic 



imper. ; noli putare, don't imagine, Cic, ; veil?, 
Liv.; uolleni, I could wish not; Carthaginem 
et Numantiam funditus sustulernht ; nollem 
Corinthum, Cic. II, to wish evil, to be unfavour- 
able to ; alicui, Cic. 

Nomas -adis, c. (ro/ia?). pasturing; henoe, 
1, plur., Nomades, nomads, nations who lead, a 
migratory, pastoral life, Plin. ; 2, the Numidians, 
Verg. 

nomen -Inis, n. (from root GNO, whence 
nosco), a name. I. A. Lit., gen., 1, nomen est 
quod unicuique personae datur, quo suo quaeque 
proprio et certo vocabulo appellator, Cic. ; im- 
ponere nova rebus nomina, Cic. ; appellave 
aliquem nomine, Cic. ; cantos cui nomeu neniae, 
Cic; nomeu dare, Cic, edere, profiteri, Liv., to 
give in one's name as a soldier, enlist, Liv., 2, 
osp., the gentile name of a Roman, as e.g., Cor- 
nelius in P. Cornelius Scipio, though sometimes 
used for the praenomeu (Publius) or the cog- 
nomen (Scipio), Cic. ; 3, metou., a, nomiiia 
tauta (like our great names = great men), Ov. ; 
b, nomen Roman um, tlve Roman power. B. Fig., 
1, name, fame, glory; nomen habere, Cic. ; 2, a, 
?i««ie, cause; nomine meo, tuo, in my name, on, my 
behalf, Cic; nomine lucri, for the sake of, Cic; uno 
nomine, at once ; accusati sunt uno nomine con- 
sulares, Cic; b, ground, pretext ; nomen in- 
duetum fictae religionis, Cic. ; 3, the name (as 
opposed to the thing) ; legionum, the mere name, 
Cic. II. Transf., polit. t. t., 1, nomen alicuius 
deferre, to give inforniation against, accuse judi- 
cially, Cic ; nomen recipere, to receive an inform- 
ation, Cic; 2, a security for a debt; eertis 
nominibus, ongood security, Cic; nomina solvere, 
exsolvere, expedire, to pay a debt, Cic. ; nomina 
sua exigere, to collect one's debts, Cic. ; nomeu 
facere, to set down a, debt in the account-book, to . 
lend money, Cic; metou., a debtor; bonum \ 
nomen, a good payer, Cic. 

nomenclatio -onis, f. (* nomeuclo, from 
nomen and calo = voco), a calling by . name, 
■naming, Qu. Cic. 

nomenclator -oris, m. (*nomenclo), a slave 
who told his master the names of his clients at his 
reception, or of the persons whom he met in the 
streets, Cic 

Nomentum -i, n. a town fourteen miles 
■north-east of Rome. ( Heuce, adj., Nomont- 
anus -a -um, of or belonging to Nomentum. 

nominatim, adv. (nomino), by name, ex- 
pressly, particularly; centuriones " nominatim -' 
appellare, Caes. ; de aliquu nominatim decernere 
ut, etc., Cic. 

nomlnatio -onis, f. (nomino), a naming, 
■nomination to a priesthood or other public office, 
Cic. 

nominatus -a -um, p. adj. (from nomino), 
well-known, noted, celebrated, Cic. 

nominito, 1. (in tens, of nomino), to name, 
call by name, Lucr. 

nomino, 1. (nomeu). I. to name, give a name 
to; amore quoainicitia estiiominata.Cic II. to 
mention, speak about; ad flumen Sabim quod 
supra nomiuaviimis, Cic. ; Sulla quern honoris 
causa- nomino, whom I mention to do himhonour, 
Cic III. A. to make famous, make' renowned ; 
praedicari de se et nominari volunt omnes, Cic 
B. Polit. 1. 1., a, to name, appoint, nominate to 
a priesthood or other office; ine auguretn nomina- 
verunt, Cic. ; b, to accuse judicially, give inform- 
ation against ; aliquem apud dictatorem, Liv. 
' Ndmius (-ob) -ii, m. (Nd/xtos), the pqstwrer, 
a name of Apollo (from his haviv.g fed the flocks oj 
Admitvs). 

QomisiTia (numisma) -matis, n. (v6u.iaaa). 
a coin, apiece of money, Hor. ' 



non 



367 



not 



non, adv. (from old Latin uoeimni = lie uu- 
um). I. not. A. 11011 est ita, judices, nun est 
profccto, Cic. ; before negatives, non forms a 
weak affirmative, e.g., non nihil, non nemo, non 
millus, Cic. •, after negatives the affirmative tlms 
formed is emphatic, nihil nou ad rationem diri- 
gebat, Cic. ; with affirmative adjectives the 
negative formed bynunis emphatic, by no means; 
Cethegus homo non probatissimus, Cic. ; homo 
non aptissimus ad jocandum, Cic.; non quod, 
non quo, not that, not as if; non quod sola 
ornent, sed quod excellant, Cic. ; non nisi, only ; 
non moduin (solum), not only, Cic. ; non ita, 
non tarn, not very, not particularly ; simulacra 
perampla, sed non ita antiqua, Cic. B. 1, non 
in questions = nonne? non idem fecit ? Cic. ; 2, 
poet, s ne, non petite, Ov. II. Used in an- 
swers, no; aut etiam aut non respoudere, Cic. 

Nonacris -is, f. (NYwaKpic), a mountain in 
Arcadia. Hence, adj., 1, Nonacrinus -a -urn, 
A readmit ; vii-go, Callisto, Ov. ; 2, Nonacrius -a 
-um, Arcadian; heros, Evandcr, Ov. ; subst., 
Nonacria -ae, f. = Atalanta, Ov. 

nonae -arum, f. (nonus), the nones, the fifth 
day in all the months (except March, May, and 
July, when it was the seventh), so colled from 
being the ninth day before the Ides. 

nonagenarius -a -um (nonageni), contain- 
ing ninety, Plin. 

nonageni -ae -a (nouagiuta), ninety each, 
Plin^ 

nonageslmus -a -um (nonaginta), the nine- 
tieth; Cic. 

nonagies, adv. (nonaginta), ninety times, Cic. 

nonaginta, numer. ninety, Cic. 

ndnanus -a -um (uona, sc. legio), belonging 
to the ninth legion; miles, Tac. ; or subst., 
ndnanus -i, in. a soldier of the ninth legion, Tac. 
. nondum, adv. not yet, Cic. 

nongenti -ae -a, nine hundred, Cic. 

nonne, interrog. adv., asks a question to 
which an •affirmative answer is expected: 1, in 
direct questions, nonne aninutdvertis? do you 
not perceive I Cic. ; 2, in indirect questions, 
quaero nonne id etl'ecerit, Cic. 

nonnemo, nomiihil, v. nemo, nihil. 

nonnullus (non nullus) -a -um, some, 
seyend; nounulla in re, in some respects, Cic; 
nounulla pars militum, Caes. ; non nullae co- 
hortes, Caes. ; subst., nonnulli, some, Cic. 

nonnumquam (non numquam), adv. 
sometimes, Cic. 

nonnusquam, adv. in some places, in several 
places, Plin. 

nonus -a -um (= novenus, from novem), the 
ninth, Cic. ; subst, nona -ae, f. the ninth hour 
(about three o'clock p.m.), when the chief meal 
(cena) was taken at Rome, Hor. 

nonusdecimus, nonadecima, nonumdec- 
imum, the nineteenth, Tac. 

Nora -orum, n. I. a town in Sardinia ; 
hence, Norenses -lum, the inhabitants of Nora. 
II. a fori in Cappadocia. 

Norba -ae, f. a town in Latium, now Alcan- 
tara. Hence, adj., Norbanus -a -um, of or 
belonging to Norba. > 

Noreja -ae, £ a, town in Noricum, now A T eu- 
mdrkt. 

Noricum -i, n. Noricum, a country south of 
thel)anube. Hence, adj., Noricus -a -nmjforic. 

norma -ae, £ (nosco), 1, a carpenter" £ square 
for measuring right angles, Plin. ; 2, a rule, pre- 
cept, model, pattern; dirigeie vita2i ad certain 
ratfeiais normaia. C4c. 



nos, plur. of ego (q. v.). 

Nortia -ae, f. (for Nevortia, from ne and 
vorto, Gk.'ArpoTros, the Unchangeable), an Etrus- 
can goddess of fate, worshipped at Volsinii. 

noscito, 1. (intens. of uosco), to get to know. 
I. Lit., A. Gen., to observe, perceive, Liv. B. ' 
Esp., to investigate, explore; aedes, vestigia, 
Plant. II. Transf., to recognise again; aliquem 
facie, Liv. 

nosco, novi, uotum, 3. (root NO, archaic 
GNO, whence gnosco ; Gr. TNO -CI, whence 
yiyywo-Ku). I. Lit., to become acquainted with, 
get knowledge of; and hence, in the perfect 
tenses, to be acquainted ivith, to know ; (a) pre- 
sent tenses, studeo cursos istos mutationum 
noscere, Cic. ; (fi) perfect tenses, quam (virtutem) 
tu ne de facie quideni nosti, Cic. ; si Caesarem 
bene novi, Cic. II. A. to recognise; ad res 
suas noscendas recipiendasque, Liv. B. Of a 
judge, to investigate a case; quae olim a praetor- 
ibus uoscebantur, Tac. C. to allow, admit, ac- 
knowledge a reason or excuse ; illam partem ex- 
cusationis nee nosco, nee probo, Cic. (contracted 
perfect tenses, nosti, nostis, noram, noras, nosse). 

noster -tra -trum (nos), our, ours. I. Gen., 
a, subject., provincia nostra, Caes. ; b, object. 
(= towards us) amor noster, Cic. II. Esp., A. 
our, our adlierent or friend, on our side, one of 
us ; a, Furnius noster, our friend Fumius, Cic. ; 
nostri, our people, Cic ; b, noster in jest = ego, 
Plaut. B. favourable to us; nostra loca, Liv. ; 
noster Mars, Verg. 

nostras -atis (noster), ofovr country, native; 
inirince capior facetiis, maxinie nostratibus, 
Cic. ; philusophi, Cic. 

nota -ae, f. (nosco), a mark, token, note, sign. 

1. Gen., 1, lit., signa et notae locorum, Cic; 2, 
lig., distinguishing mark, sign; notae argument- 
orum, Cic. II. A. marks in writing ; 1, letters 
of the alpluxbct, numbers; notae litteraruni, Cic ; 
poet., metou., nulae, a writing, lettei; Hor., Ov. ; 

2, notae librariorum, marks of punctuation, Cic 
B. marks on an object ; 1, marks on the body, Hor.; 
2, a branded mark, brand ; barbarus eompunctus 
notis Thraeciis, tattooed, Cic; &g.,disgrace, shame, 
ignominy ; quae nota domesticae.ttirprtudinw 
non inusta vitae tuae est ? Cic ; 3, a mark, on-.a- 
ccu>\ of wine or honey (to mark the qualifa^t .*, 
interior nota Falerni, cl belter, kind, HCr-. ; D, 
trausf., sort, quality; aliquem de melioro uotck- 
commendare, Cic; 4, a mark in a book <to ex- 
press approval or disapproval), Cic; 6, ~lhp. 
official censure of the senate; inotise senatu ridtas 1 
aseribere, Liv.; 6, a distinguishing name,^iiark. 
of honour ; ille Numantina traxit ab urbe notatn . 
Ov. w 

notabllis -e (noto), notable, remark-Me,'- 
striking noteworthy ; exitus, Cic. >v6a 

notablliter, adv. (notabilis), notabtytf-n-j 
matkably, extraordinarily, Tac. v * vivi 

ndtariua -U, m. (nota), a rapid uTfrer; T $$J?«-. 
hand writer, Quint. 

notatio -6nis, f. (noto), a marking. I.'" ijlty 
tabellarum, a marking of the voting-tickets'^ with, 
different coloured wax, Cic. II. 1, the stiyrnp. '<SL 
the censor ; censoria, Cic. ; 2, a choice; judfetunj . 
Cic; 3, the etymology of a word, Cic; 4, r cb- 1 
serving, noting, taking notice of; naturae, 0(9/' 

notatus -a -um, p. adj. (from noto), known, 
martid; homo omnium scelerum libidinumqne 
notis notatissimus, Cic 

notesco, nStui, S. (1. notus), to become 
known, Cat. « 

nothus -a -um (wiflos). I. Lit., 1, cf men, 
illegitimate, bastard, Verg. ; 2, of animals, of 
h:\xed breed, hybrid, mongrel, Verg. ,12. Tjafiif., 
not ffiiutM, syur.ovt, Luor., Car, ■ '• 



not 



368 



nos 



-* 



ndtio -onis, f. (nosco), a making oneself ac- 
quainted with anything. I. 1, lit., Plnut. ; 2, 
transf., an idea, notion of anything, image, men- 
tal conception; deorum, Cic. ; mum, Cic. II. 

A. ait investigation ; pontiflcum, Cic. B. the 
investigation of the censor; 1, judicium et notio 
censoria, Cic. ; 2, the blame, animadversion of 
the censor; uotiones animadversionesque cens- 
oruui, Cic. 

notitia -ae, f. (1. notus), a being known. I. 
Pass., 1, hi propter notitinm sunt iutromissi, 
Nep. ; 2, fame, celebrity, Tac. II. Act., 1, 
knowing, becoming acquainted with ; notitia nova 
mulieris, Cic ; 2, a, knowledge ; corporis sui, 
Cic. ; b, an idea, notion, conception ; dei, Cic 

notifies -ei, f. = notitia (q.v.). 

ncto, 1. (nota). I. to mark. A. Lit., 1, 
tabellam cer3, Cic. ; 2, a, to mark out; notat 
et designat oculis ad caedein unumq-.iemque 
nostrum, Cic ; b, polit. t. t., of the censor, 
to place a mark against a Roman citizen's 
name in the burgess-list, to censure publicly, 
blame, reprimand; quos censores furti et cap- 
tarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt, Cic. 

B. Transf., 1, to murk, denote ; res nominibus, 
Cic. ; aliquid verbis Latinis, to express, Cic. ; 2, 
to mark out, make noticeable ; aliquem decore, 
Cic. ; 3, to blame, censure ; verbis aliquem, Cic. 
II. to express by signs. A. 1, lit., to unite; lit- 
teram, Ov. ; 2, a, to point out shortly ; caput, 
Cic; b, to observe; cautus avium, Cic B. 
Fig., to impress ; dicta memori pectore, Ov. 

nStds = 2. notus (q.v.). 

1. notus -a -um, p. adj. (from nosco), known. 
I. 1, lit, res nota, Cic. ; noti atque insignes 
latrones, Cic. ; aliquid notuiu habere, to knov:, 
Cic; subst., noti, friends, acquaintances; 2, 
transf., a, = friendly; notis compellat voc- 
ibus, Verg. ; b, customary; ulmus nota quae 
scdes fuerat columbis, Her. II. 1, distin- 
guished, celebrated ; scriptor, Hor.; 2, notorious ; 
mulier, Cic. 

2. nStus (*8>) -i, m. (votoi), the south urind; 
1, lit., Verg. ; 2, transf., the wind, Verg. 

novaoula -ae, f. (novo), a sharp knife or 
■mzor ; cotem novacula praecidere, Cic. 

nivalis -is, f. and novale -is, n. i, fallow 
'•>-d, Verg. ; 2, a cultivated field ; novalia culta, 
Ver». ? 

ncvatrlx -icis, f. (novator), she that renews ; 
Jt.ruw, Ov. 

ndve, adv. (novus). I. newly, in a n*w and 
■> n».evnl manner. Plant. II. novissime; a, 
b 'tely, recently, Sail. ; b, lastly, in the last pla<-e, 

ndvcllus -a -um (dim. of novus), a, new, 
14.' ;;. arbor, Cic. ; b, oppida, lately conquered, 

. n6 vem, numer. nine, Cic. ; decern novem, 
• nineletit, Caes. 

N(5<. ember -bris, m. (novem and suffix -ber), 
rtlali na to the number nine; a, mensis Novem- 
ber 'tjhe ninth month of the Roman year, Novem- 
b>.f,X?ic ; b, belonging to the month of November ; 
' ic&Ieiitfac Novenibres, Cic 

novem Jectm, numer. (novem and decern) 
nineteen, Liv. 

nftvendialis -e (Dovem and dies), 1, that 
which happens on the ninth day ; coena, a funeral 
banquet held on the ninth day after death, Tac. ; 
pnlveres = new, fresh, Hor. ; 2, that which lasts 
nine days ; feriae, a nir.e days' festival celebrated 
on the occasion of any portent (such as a shower 
of stones), Ck. 

NovensHes dii (novus and smSx -ensilis), 
gods wh.oi: worship hed been introduced from 



foreign countries (opp. indigetes, native divini- 
ties), Liv. 
novenUS -a -um (novem), nine each , nine, Liv. 

Ssnoverca -ae, f. a step-mother, Cic; saevn, 
Verg. ; prow, apud novercam queri, i.e., in vain, 
Plaut. 

nSvercalis -e (noverca), of or relating to a, 
step-motlier, Juv., Tac. 

Novesium -ii, n. fort of the Ubii an the 
Rhine, now Neuss. 

ndvicius -a -um (novus), new, fresh, Plaut. ; 
esp. of persons who have not long been enslaved ; 
subst., novicii; Syrum nescio quern de giege 
uoviciorum factum esse consulem, Cic. 

navies, adv. numer. (uovem),)i ine times, Verg. 

Noviodunum -i, n., 1, a town of the Sues- 
siones, now Soissons ; 2, u toivn of the Bitnriges 
Cubi, now Nouan. 

ndvltas -atis, f. (novus), newness. I. Lit. 
A. anni, the spring, Ov. ; plur., novitutes = new 
acquaintances, Cic. B. the condition of a homo 
novus (v. novus), newness of nobility, Cic. II. 
novelty, unusualness, strangeness; terror queui 
tibi rei novitas attuierlt, Cic. 

novo, 1. (novus). I. tomakenew, renew. A. 
.transtra, Verg. ; membra, to revive, Ov. ; agcr 
novatus, afield reploughed, Cic. B. Transf., a, to 
revive, refresh; (animus) risu novatur, Cic; b, 
to change, alter ; aliquid in legibus, Cic. ; tiovare 
res, to alter the constitution of a, stale, make a 
revolution, Liv. II. to invent something new; 
verba, invent ritw words, Cic. 

n$VUS -a -um («us), super!., novissiiuus, 

new, fresh, young (opp. vetus). I. Lit., A. 
Gen., miles, a recruit, Liv. ; novae res, novelties, 
Cic; and esp., political changes, revolutions; 
rebus novis studere, Cic. ; lac, new milk, Verg. 
Subst,, novum -i, n. a new thing, novelty ;h\itn 
quiduam novi? Cic. B. Esp., a, novus homo 
or homo novus, the first of a family who held 
acurule office in Rome, e.g., M. T, Cicero, 
Cic ; b, novae tabulae, new account-books (that 
is, a total extinction of debts), Cic. ; c, novae 
tabernae, or novae, certain money-changers' shops 
in the forum which had been burnt down a.u.c. 
543, and rebuilt; sub Novis, Cic; d, Nova 
via, a road in Rome leading down to the fortiv:, 
Liv. II. Transf., 1, fresh, inexperienced ; eqilu:-, 
Cic. ; novus dellctis, inexperienced in crime, Tac ; 
2, new, novel, Unusual, extraordinary; senuss 
dicendi, Cic. ; 3, = alter, a second ; Caniillus, a 
second Camillus, Liv. ; novus Hannibal, Cic. ; 4, 
of succession, the super]., novisslrmis -a -um 
= (a) the latest, last ; agmen, the rear, Caes. ; (JS) 
the extremest, severest; exempla, Tac 

nox, noctis, f.(™|), night. L A. Lit., 1, gen., 
nocte, or de nocte, by night, Cic. ; multa nocte, 
de multa nocte, deep in the night, late at night, 
Cic. ; nocte media, de nocte media, at midnight 
Cic ; noctes et dies urgeri, night and day, Cic, ; 
se conjicere in noctem, to hasten away under 
shelter of night, Cic. ; earn noctem pervigilare, 
Cic. ; 2, personif., Nox, the goddess Night, sister 
of Lrebus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, nieton., sleep, 
Vr-g. ; 2, a, the dark7iess of a storm, Verg.; b, 
the lower world, Verg. ; c, death, Verg. ; d,; 
blindness, Ov. II. Fig., 1, obscurity ; inei versus 
aliquantum noctis habebunt, Ov.; 2, confusion, 
darkness, peril; haec reipublicae nox, Cic. 

noxa -ao, f, (noceo). I. harm, injury, damage ; 
sine ullius urbis noxa, Liv. II. Meton., 1, a 
crime, fault, offence ; in noxa esse, Liv. ; 2, 
punishment; noxa liberari, Liv. 

noxla -ae, f, (sc, causa, from noxius), a fault, 
offence, crime ; abcui noxiae. esse, to be aycQUvtcq} 
a fault. Liv. 



nox 



369 



num 



noxius -a -uin (noxa). I. noxious, hurtful, 
injurious; tela, Ov. II. criminal, culpable, 
guilty; aliquem noxium judicare, Liv. 

nubecula -ae, f. (dim. of nubes). I. a litt ; 
cloud, Plin. II. Fig., a troubled, dark expres- 
sion ; frontis, Cic. 

nubes -is, f. (cf. nubo), a cloud. I. A. Lit., 
aer coucretus in nubes cogitur, Cic. B. Transf., 
1, a cloud, e.g., of dust, pulveris, Liv.; 2, a 
great number, dense mass of any objects; locust- 
arum, Liv.; volucruni, Verg. II. Fig., 1, a 
cloud, or dark expression on the countenance ; 
deme supercilio nubeni, Hor. ; 2, veil, conceal- 
vlent ; fraudibus objice nubeni, Hor.; 3, a 
cloud, i.e., threatening or impending misfortune; 
belli, Verg. ; 4, a sad, miserable condition ; rei- 
publicae, Cio. ; 5, a cloud (as emblem of some- 
thing unsubstantial), a phantom; nubes et 
inania captare, Hor. 

nubifer -fera -ferum (nubes and fero), cloud- 
bearing, cloud-bringing, Ov. 

nubigena -ae, c. (nubes and gigno), bom of a 
cloud, produced from a cloud; esp., of tbe Cen- 
taurs, offspring of Ixion and a cloud ; Nubigeuae 
alone = Centaurs, Verg. 

nubllls -e (nubo), marriageable ; Alia, Cic. 

nubilus -a -urn (nubes), covered with clouds, 
cloudy, overcast. I. A. Lit., plur. subst., 
nubila -drum, n. clouds, Hor. B. Transf., 1, 
act., cloud-bringing ; Auster, Ov. ; 2, dark; 
via nubila taxo, Ov. II. Fig,, 1, of expression, 
dark, gloomy ; tolo nubila vuJtu, Ov. ; 2, un- 
favourable ; nubila nascenti lion lullii Farca fu'it, 
Ov. ; 3, dark, unhappy ; tempora, Ov. 
1 nubo, nupsi, nuptum, 3. (stem NUB, whence 
nubes), to cover, veil; and especially, of a 
bride, to be married to, to marry any one; virgo 
nupsit ei, cui Caecilia nupta fuerat, Cic. ; nuptam 
esse cum aliquo, Cic. ; nubere in familiain, to 
marry into a family, Cic. ; aliquam nuptum 
collocate', to give in marriage, Caes. ; partic, 
nuptus -a -am, married; lilia, Cic; subst., 
nupta -ae, f. a wife, Liv. 

Nuceria -ae, f. a town in Campania, now 
Xocera. Hence, adj., Nucerinus -a -urn, re- 
lating to Nuceria. 

nucifranglbuTuin -i, n. (nux and frango), 
a Hut-cracker (la jest = a tooth), Plaut. 

nucleus -i, m. (nux). I. Lit., 1, the kernel 
of a nut', or any nut-like fruit, Plin. ; 2, the stone 
or uneatable kernel of fruits, Plin. II. Transf., 
the kernel or inside of anything ; conchae, Plin. 

nudius = nunc dius (= dies), it is now the 
. . . day since; a\ ways with theordinal numerals; 
UUdius tertius, tlie day before yesterday, Cic. ; 
uudius tertius decimus, thirteen days ago, Cic. 

nudo, 1. (nudus), to make tutked, to make 
bare, strip. I. A. Lit., 1, aliquem, Cic. ; 2, a, 
to lay bare, uncover; gladium, to draw, Liv. ; 
munis nudatus defensorlbus, Caes. ; b, milit. 
t. t., to lay bare, leave undefended; castra nu- 
dentur, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to strip, make 
bare by robbery, to spoil, plunder ; spoliavit 
nudavitque omnia, Cic ; quein praeceps alea 
nudat Hor.; 2, to deprive ; aliquem praesidio, 
Cic, JI. Fig., 1, to strip, lay bare, expose ; nudata 
omnibus rebus tribunicia potestas, Caes. ; vis 
iDgenii scientia juris nudata, Cic. ; 2, to uncover, 
expose, make visible, reveal ; animos, Liv. 

nudus -a 'Um, naked, unclothed, nude, bare. 
I, A. Lit., 1, Cic. ; nudo eapite, bare-headed, 
Sail. ; 2, uncovered ; vertex, Verg. ; subsellia, 
vacant, Cic. ; terga, Liv, B. Transf., 1, deprived 
of; with abl., praesidio, Cic; with genit., loca 
nuda gignentium. Sail. ; 2, without; respubjica 
nuda a magistratibus, Oic. XI. Fig., 1, fimple, 



unadorned, plain; conimentarii Caesaris, Cic; 
2 ? bare, mere, alone, only; nuda ista, si ponas, 
Cic. ; hoc nudum relinquitur, Cic. 

nugae -arum, f. (naucuni), trifles, nonsense, 
stuff, trumpery. I. Lit., huncciiie honiinem tantis 
delectatum esse nugis? Cic; applied also to 
verses, nescio quid meditans migaium, Hor. 
II. Transf., of persons, a foolish, trifling fellow ; 
amicos habet meraa nugas, Cic. 

nugator -oris, m. (nugor), a trifler, foolish 
fellow, a jester, Cic. 

nugatorius -a -um (nugator), trifling, good 
for nothing, frivolous, futile, nugatory ; mala 
nugatoriaque accusatio, Cic 

nugax -acis (nugor), trifling, frivolous, ap. 
Cic. 

nugor, 1. dep. (nugne), 1, to trifle, be frivo- 
lous, talk nonsense; non inscite, Cic; cum 
aliquo, Hor. ; 2, to trick, cajole, make game of, 
Plaut. 

nullus -a -um (ne and ullus), no, none, no- 
body, no one. I. A. Lit., 1, adj., nulla una re, 
Cic. ; nullo modo, nullo pacto, by no means, 
Cic. ; nullo cei to ordiue neque imperio, Caes. ; 
2, subst., a, nullus = nobody, no one, Cic; 
b, nullum -i, n.= nothing, Hor. II. Fig., 
1, nullus sum ; a, / am ruined, it is all over 
with me ; nullus repente fui, Liv.; b, of persons 
and things, I am no longer in existence ; dc 
mortuis loquor, qui nulli sunt, Cic ; nullus = 
mortuus, Ov. ; vcllcm nulla, Ov. ; 2, insignifi- 
cant, of no importance, trifling, poor; nullos 
judices habemus, Cic ; nullum argumentiuu 
est, Cic. 

num, interrog. particle, asking a question to 
which a negative answer is expected. A. In 
direct questions, num censes etiam eosdem 
fuisse? Cic. ; compounded with ne, deum ipsum 
numne vidisti? Cic; num quid vis? is there 
anything else which you want? (a common form 
in leave-taking), Hor. B. In indirect ques- 
tions, whether; quaero, num aliter ac nunc 
eveniunt eveuirent? Cic 

Numa -ae, m., Pompilius, (he second king of 
Rome. 

Numantia -ae, f. a town in Hijpania Tar- 
raconensis, taken and destroyed byScipio Africanus 
the yowiger. Hence, adj., Numantmus -a 
-um, Xumantine. 

numarfus = nummarius (q.v.). 

numatus = nummatus (q.v.). 

numen -Inis, u. (= nuimen, from nuo), a. 
nodding, beckoning with the. head; a nod, aa 
sign of a command, a command. I, Gen., 
numen vestrum, Cic. ; magnum numen senatus, 
Cic. II. Esp., of a deity, a, the divine will, 
divine command ; numen interdictumque deorum 
immortalium, Cic. ; mundum censent regi nu- 
mine deorum, Cic. ; Jovis numina, Phoebi nu- 
mina, Verg. ; b, (a) the might of a deity, majesty, 
divinity; qui nullam vim esse dicit numenva 
divinum, Cic. ; of deities themselves, conversa 
numina, pia numina, Verg. ; 03) of the Roman 
emperors, violatum numen Augusti, Tac. 

numer abilis -e (numero), that can be counted, 
enumerated, Ov. 

numeratus -a -um, p. adj. (from numero), 
counted, in hard cash, in ready money; dos, 
pecunia, Cic. ; subst, numeratum -i, n. hard 
cash, money down; numerato solvere, Cic 

1. numero, 1. (numerus), to count. I. Lit., 
A, aliquem a 66 primura, Cic, ; aliquid per: 
dieitos, on the fingers, Ov. ; consule et numera 
(senatum), count the house (with a view to deter- 
mine whether a sufficient number to transact 
business, were present)) Cic- - B, <o count, ie., 



num 



370 



nup 



to pay money ; militibus stipendium, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, to count up, reckon, enumerate; dies 
deticiat, si veliui nuuierare, quibus bonis male 
evenerit, Cic; 2, to reckon under, class under; 
inter suos, Cic. ; inter honestos homines, Cie. ; 
mortem iu beneftcii loco, Cic. ; 3, with double 
ace, in pass, with double noiu., to count, esteem, 
hoh.1, consider; Sulpicium accusatorem suum 
nuinerabat, non competitorem, Cic. ; sapientcs 
cives, qualeni me et esse, et numerari volo, Cic. 

2. numero. adv. Git-, abl. of numerus), 1, 
just, exactly, at the right time, Plaut. ; 2, ipiickly, 
soon, too quickly, too soon, Plaut. 

numerose, adv. (numerosus), 1, numerously, 
Plin. ; 2, rhythmically, harmoniously; circurn- 
scripte numeroseque dicere, Cic. 

numerosus -a -um (nuinerus). I. numer- 
ous, in great number; numerosissima ci vitas, 
populous, Tac. II, rhythmical, harmonious ; 
oratio, Cic. 

numerus -i, m. (connected with nummus), 
a number. I. A. Lit., 1, nuinemm inire, to 
count, Cues. ; 2, &,acertain number, a numberof 
persons or things, considered as a whole; ad 
pristinum numerum duo augures addidit, Cic. ; 
haec eutm sunt tria uuinero, are three in number, 
Cic. ; uumero quadraginta, forty in number, Sail. ; 
referre in deoTum numero, to count as a god, 
Cic; b, an uncertain number, a heap, mass; 
hominum, Cic; inuumerabilis frurnenti numerus, 
an enormous quantity, Cic; c, a "division of the 
army, company ; sparsi per proviuciam Humeri, 
Tac; d, a cipher, i.e., of nc consequence; nos 
numerus sumus, Hor. B. Meton., plur., Hu- 
meri = 1, dice (as being marked with numbers); 
nuinerosque manu jactabit eburnos, Ov. ; ' 2, 
mathematics, Cic II. Transf., 1, the part of a 
whole; elegans omni numero poema, in evei-y 
respect, Cic; 2, a, melody, music, Verg., Ov. ; 
b, dance, Cic ; c, a metrical foot, number ; Hu- 
meri ac modi, Cic ; poet, numeri graves, heroic 
verse, Ov. ; d, in oratory, harmony; oratorius, 
Cic; 3, runk, place, position; obtinere aliquem 
numerum, Cic. ; numero or in niimero, in the 
post of, as ; parentis nv.mero esse, Cic. ; 4, order, 
rule ; in numerum or numero, according to ride, 
Verg. 

Numicus (Numiclus) -i, in. a small , n-t.r 
in Latium, flowing into the Tyrrhene sea near 
Avdea, now JS'umico. 

Numida -ae, m. (nomas, vona.%), a Xumidian ; 
plur., Numidae -arum, the Xumidians, attrib. 
= Xvmidia7i: Numidae jaculatores, Liv. Hence, 

1, Numldia -ae, f. a country in North, Africa 

2, Numidicus -a -urn, Numidian. 

numisma = nomisma (q.v.). 

Niimistro -onis, f. t&m in Lucnnia, on the. 
borders of Apulia. 

Numltor -oris, m. king of Alba, father of 
Ilia, grandfather of Romulus and Remus. 

■ nummarius -a -um (nummus). I. belong- 
ing to money; theca, Cic. ; difficultas nummaria 
or rei nummariae, scarcity of money, Cic. II. 
bribed v;ith money, venal ; judex, Cic. 

nummatus -a -um (nuinmus), provided with 
money, rich ; adolescens non minus bene num- 
matus quam capillatus, Cic 

nummulus -i, m. (dim. of nummus), n little 
money, some money - r nummulis acoeptis jus ac fas 
oinne delere, for a paltry sum,, Cic 

nummus (nuniU3)-i, lii. (wvmmos, Tarentiiie 
and Sicilian = ni^os, the regular silver currency). 
I. money, coin; adultefini nuinmi, bad money, 
Cic ; habere in nummis, to have in cash, Cic. 
II-' E^ep., the se&irzo, a. Rornac. coin worth about 
2*<L; archie ayEk nV^'itflm, Cic; tntsf., ■ 



like the English penn y, fa rth ing (to express a very 
small sum); ad liiuuum convenit, it comes right, to 
a farthing, Cic. (geuit plur., gen. numniuni). 

numquam, adv. (ue and unquam), never, 
Cic; numquam adhuc, numquam ante, numquam 
alias, Cic. ; numquam non, always, Cic. ; non 
numquam, sometimes, Cic. 

numus = nummus (q.v.). 

nunc, adv. (vvv). I. now, at present, at this 
moment ; ut nunc est, as things arc noiv, Cic. ; 
nunc ipsum, at this very moment, Cic. ; qui nunc 
sunt, tlie present generation, Cic; nunc . . . 
nunc, now . . . now, at one time . . . at another. 
Liv. II. but now, now however, Cic. 

nunccine = nuncne ? 

nunci'a = uuntia, v. nuntius. 

nunclatio = nuntiatio (q.v.). 

nuncio = nuntio. 

nuncius = nuntius (q.v.). 

nuncupatio -Onis, f. (nuncupo), a naming, 
i- public offering or pronouncing of a vow ; sol- 
lemuis nuncupatio votorum, Liv. 

nuncupo, 1. (nomine capio), to name, call by 
name. I. aliquid nomine dei, Cic. Ilf. A. to 
pronounce solemnly and openly; a, vows; vota 
pro republica, Cic ; b, an adoption, Tac. B. 
to nominate as 7teir; heredeni, Tac. 

nundinae, v. nundinus. 

nundlnatlo -onis, f. (nundinor), the holding 
of a market, trafficking, trade, business; fuit 
uundinatio aliqua, Cic. 

nundinor, 1. dep. (nundinae). I. to trans- 
act business, trade, traffic. A. Lntransit, sedere 
nuudinautem, Liv. B. Transit., to buy; jus 
ab aliquo, Cic. ; totuni imperium P. It., Cic. 
II. Transf., to be present in great numbers (as 
at a market) ; ubi ad focum angues nundiuari 
solent, Cic. 

nundinus -a -um(lit., nouendinua = noven- 
diims, from novem and dies), belonging to the 
ninth day. Subst, I. nundinae -arum, f. the 
market-day, held every ninth, day, Cic; transf., 
a, the market-place ; iUi Capuam nundinas rustic- 
oruin, hon'eum Campani agri esse yoluerunt, 
Cic. ; b, traffic, trade, business ; vectigalium 
flagitiosissimae nundinae, Cic. II. nundinum 
-i. n. (sc. tempus), tlie market-time ; trinum nun- 
d mm, the interval between- one market-day and 
the next but one after (17-24 days) ; so praesentem 
trinum nundinum (on the three market-days), 
petiturum, Cic; comflia in trinum nundinum 
mdicere, Liv. 

nuntiatio -Onis, f. (nuntio), religious t. t., 
a declaration, announcement made by the ougur 
of his observations, Cic 

nuntio, 1. (uuutius), to announce ; vera, Cic; 
qui nuntiarent prope omnes naves afflictas esse, 
Caes.; oppugnata domus C. Caesaris per multas 
noctis horas nuntiabatur, Cic. ; with ut and the 
subj., paulo post ferunt nuntiatum Simonidi 
ut proairet, Cic; absol., nuntiato, this being 
announced, Liv. 

nuntius -a -um (contr. from noventius), 
announcing, bringing news. I. Adj., rumor, 
Cic. II. Subst, A. nuntius -Ii, m, 1, mes- 
senger, announcer ; facere aliquem certiorem 
per nuntium, Cic. ; 2, a, message, news; nuntium. 
afferre, Cic. ; b, nuntium alicui remittere, to 
send one's wife a letter of divorce. Cic. ; transf. , 
nuntium remittere virtuti, to renounce, Cic. B. 
nuntia -ae, f. she that announces; historia 
nnntia veritatis, Cic C. nuntium -ii, n. 
message, news, Cat. 

cuper, sup6rl., nuperrftne, iiy, (ft» 



imp 



•i 



obd 



novper, from novns, lately, not long ago; qui 
uuper Romae fait, Cic. ; sometimes employed 
to denote a move distant period, nuper, id est, 
paucis ante secidis, Cic. 

nupta -ae, f. (nubo), a wife, spouse, bride, Ov. 

nuptiae -arum, f. (nubo), marriage, nuptials; 
Corniiicia multarum lniptiaruin, often married, 
Cie. ; celebrare nuptias, Liv. ; cenare apud ali- 
queni in eius nuptiis, Cic. 

nuptialis -e (nuptiae), of or relating to a 
marriage; eena, Liv. ; donum, Cic. 

nuptUS -a -um (partic. of nubo), married; 
filia, mulier, Cic. 

Nursia -ae, f. a town in thewest of the Sabim 
country, now Norcia. Hence, adj., Nurjmus 
•a -um, belonging to Nursia. 

nurus -us, f. (w6s), 1, a daughter-in-law, 
son's wife, Cic. ; 2, poet., a young matron, young 
■married woman, Ov. 

nusqurm, adv. (ne and usquarn), nowhere. 

I. Lit., nusquam alibi, Cic. II. Trausf., 1, in 
nothing, on no occasion; praestabo sumptum 
nusquam melius poni posse, Cic. ; 2, to nothing ; 
ut ad id omnia referri oporteat, ipsum autein 
nusquam, Cic. 

nuto, 1. (*nuo). I. Gen., 1, to move up and 
down, totter, leaver, nod; ornus nutat, Verg.; 
nutant galeae, Liv.; 2, trausf., a, to waver; 

itans acies, Tac. ; b, to waver, be uncertain, 
in, opinion; etiam Dcinocritus nutare videtur 
in natura deoruin, Cic. ; c, to waver in fidelity ; 
Galliae nutantes, Tac. II. to move the head up 
and down, to nod, Plaut. ; of persons, sleeping, 
Hor. 

nutricius -li, m. (nutrix), a foster-father, 
guardian, Caes. 

nutrico, 1. and nutricor, 1. dep. (nutrix), 
to suckle, nourish; trausf., to support, sustain ; 
muiidus omnia, sicut membra et partes suas, 
nutricatur, Cic. 

nutricula -ae, f. (dim. of nutrix), nurse, 
Ilor.; trausf., Gallia nutricula seditiosorum, 
Cic. 

nutrimen -ims, n. (nntrio), nourishment, 
Ov. 

nutrlmentum -i, n. (nntrio), nourishment, 
nutriment ; transf., a, of fuel, arida nutrimenta, 
Verg.; b, support, training; educata huius 
iiutrimentis eloquentia, Cic. 

nutrio -ivi and -li -Hum, i, (nutrior, i. 
dep., Verg.), to give suck, suckle, nourish. I. 
Lit., A. a, of animals, nutritus lacte ferino, 
Ov. ; b, of plants, terra herbas uutrit, Ov. ; c, 
of tire, ignes folds, Ov. B. to tend, wait upon ; 
corpora, Liv. ; damnum naturae, remove, Liv. 

II. Transf. , to nourish, support, sustain ; nmorem, 
Ov. ; mens rite nutrita, educated, Hor. 

nutrix -Icis, f. (nutrio), a nurse, foster-mother. 

1. Lit., ut paene cum lacte nutricis errorein 
suxisse videamui, Cic; rueton., nutrices, the 
breasts, Cat. II. Transf., oratoris, Cic; cur- 
arum maxima nutrix no>:, Ov. 

nutus -us, m. (* nuo). I. inclination, down- 
ward tendency, gravity, Cic. II. a nod, a signal, 
or beckoning of the head. A. Lit,, Liv. B. 
Transf., 1, command, will; deoruin nutu, Cic; 
auetoritate nutuque deorum, Cic. ; 2, assent ; 
annuite nutum rmmenqne vestrum invictum 
Campanis, Liv. 

nux, nucis, f. I. a nut. A. Lit., Liv. ; 
prov., nux cassa, something entirely worthless. 
Hor. B. Trausf., of similar fruit, castaneae 
nuces, chest n ».'«, Verg. II. 1, the w«-«re*,Verg.; 

2, a-n almond-tree, Verg. 

. NyCtSllUS -1. m. (NvicTeA.os), -Aighth. a sur- 



name of Bacchus (so called because his mysteries 
were celebrated by night), Ov. 

nyrupha -ae, f. and nymphe -es, f. («/><£»)). 
I. a bride, woman lately married, Ov. II. 
Nymphae, the Nymphs, beings of lialf-divine 
nature, believed to inhabit the seas, streams, woods, 
etc., Verg. 

Nymphaeum -i, n. (Xvn^alov), a promon- 
tory and sea-]iurt in Illyria. 

Nysa (Nyssa) -ae, f. (N0<ra). I. a town 
in Caria. Ill a town in Palestine. III. a city 
in India, where Bacchus was said to have been 
brought up. Hence, adj., A. Nysaeus -a -um, 
Nysean, B. Nyseis -Idis, f. Nysean. C. 
Nysias -Sdis, f. of or relating to Bacchus. D. 

Nysigena -ae, m. bom in Nysa, E. Nyseus 
-ei, a surname of Bacchus. 



o. 

1. r\ o, the fourteenth letter of the Latin 
\J j alphabet, corresponding to the two 
Greek letters Omicron and Omega (O, o, fj, <o). 
For the use of O. in abbreviations, see Table of 
Abbreviations. 

2. 6! and oh! interj. an exclamation of joy, 
astonishment, derision, sorrow, pain, etc., gener- 
ally followed by voc. or ace. ; o paterni generis 
oblite i Cic. ; o me miserum ! Cic. ; sometimes 
with noin, o fortunata mors! Cic. ; in wishes, o 
si, if only ! Verg. ; poet., put the second word of 
the clause, spes o tidissima Teucrum ! Ov. 

Oarion -onis, in, ('Clapiwv) = Orion (q.v.). 

Oaxes -is, m. (*Oaf«), a river in Crete. 

ob, prep, with ace. I. Of space, a, with 
verbs of motion, towards, to ; ignis qui est ob OS 
etfusus, Cic. ; b, with verbs not denoting mo- 
tion, a>, before; ob oculis versari, Cic. II. 1, 
on account of; ob rem judicandam pecuniam 
accipere, Cic. ; unius ob iram prodimur, Verg. ; 
ob cam rem, oil that account, Cic. ; quani ob 
rem, on which account, Caes. ; ob id, ob id ipsum, 
ob hoc, ob haec, oh this account, therefore, Liv. ; 
ob metuui, out of fear, Tac. ; 2, in consideration 
of for, as recompense for; ager oppositus est 
piguori ob decern minas, Ter. ; 3, ob rem, to the 
purpose, wUh iJvt>.n*ige ; veroin id fmstru an 
ob rem faciam, in vestra uiauu situm est, Sail. 

obaeratus -a -um, adj. with compar. (ob 
and nes), in debt, Liv. ; plur. subst., obaerati 
-oruin, m. debtors, Cic. 

obambulo, 1. to walk up and down, back- 
wards and forwards; with dat, muris, Liv.; 
with ace, Aetnain, Ov. ; with prep., ante vallum, 
Liv. ; in herbis, Ov. 

dbarmo, 1. to arm; dextras securi, Hor. 

obaro, 1. to plough up, Liv. 

1. obba -ae, f. o species of drinking-cup, Pers. 

3. Obba -ae, f. a town in Africa, near Car- 
thage. 

obbruteseo -tili, 3. tv become brutish, stupid, 
Lucr. 

obc . . . v. occ . . . 

obdo -dldi -dltum, 3. to set, put, place before, 
put against; pessulum ostio, io bolt tin door, 
Ter. ; fores, to shut the door, Ov. ; nullique malo 
latus obdit apertum, offers an unprotected sidt 
to no evil, Hor. ; 

obdo'rcaito -U'f and ^i -ituai, l. io go w ^eift 

Cic. 



obd 



372 



obl 



obdormisco, 3. (obdormio), to go to sleep, 
Cic. 

obduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. A. to draw 
over, draw in front ; 1, fossam, Caes.; tig., callum 
dolori, Cic. ; 2, to cover; trunci obducuntur 
libro ant coitice, Cic. ; transf., obdueta cicatrix 
reipublicae, closed mound, Cic. B. 1, to drink, 
veuemim, Cic. ; 2, to wrinkle; frontem, Hor. 
II. to lead against; Curium, to bring forward, 
produce, Cic. ; transf., to jxiss, spend; diem pos- 
terum, Cic. 

obduotlo -onis, f. (obduco), a covering; cap- 
itis, Cic. 

obdtiresco -durtti, 3. to become hard, grow 
hard. I. Lit., Plaut. II. Fig., to become hard- 
hearted, to lose one's natural feeling, become ob- 
durate; ipse obdurui, Cic; ad dolorem novum, 
Cic. 

obduro, 1. to be hard; fig., to stand out, 
luild out, persist; perfer et obdura, Ov.; iuipers., 
obduretur hoc triduum, Cic. 

obediens (oboediens) -entis, p. adj. (from 
obedio), obedient, compliant; with dat., nulli est 
naturae obediens ant subjectus deus, Cic; with 
ad and the ace, ad nova consilia, Liv. Subst., 
obediens, one who obeys, a dependant, Cic 

obedlenter (oboedlenter), adv. (obedi- 
cns), obediently ; obedienter iinperata facere, Liv. 

dbedientia (dbocdientia) -ac, f. (obedi- 
cii.s), obedience, compliance, Cic. 

obedio (oboedlo) -hi -ituni, 4. (ob and 
audio). I. to give ear to, listen to, follow a 
person's advice; alicui, Nep. II. to obey; 
praecepto, Cic. ; magistratibus, Cic. ; alicui ad 
verba, Cic. 

obeliscus -i, m. (o£e,WKos), a pointed 
• < v vim, obelisk, Plin. 

obeo -ivi and -ii -ituni, 4. I. Iutransit., A. to 
go to, come to, go to meet, gu against; ad oinnes 
hostium conatus, to oppose, Liv. ; iu iufera loca, 
Cic. B. a, of the heavenly bodies, to set; in 
reliquis orientis aut obeuntis solis partibus, 
Cic. ; b, to die ; tecum vivere amein, tecum 
obeam libens, Hor. II. Transit,, A. a, to go 
to, reach; quantum fiamma obire non potuisset, 
Cio. ; b, to go to, engage in, apply oneself to any 
business ; to perform, execute, accomplish an object ; 
ncgotiura, Cic. ; hereditatem, to take possession 
<7", Cic. ; vadimonium, to discharge one's bail, to 
cpp'.ar at tlie fxed time, Cic. ; diem supremuui, 
.'o die, Nep. ; so obire mortem, Cic. B. 1, to 
i isit, travel through; provincial^, Cic. ; 2, to take 
part in; comitia, Cic. ; 3, to surround ; clipeum 
<ibit pellis circumdata, Verg. 

obequlto, 1. to ride up to; castris Liv. 

oberro, 1. to wander about: tentoriis, Tac. ; 
transf., chords eadem, to blunder, Hor. 

obesltas -atis, f. (obesus), fatness, corpu- 
lence, obesity, Suet. 

obesus -a -urn (ob and edo), 1^ fit, plump; 
turdus, Hor.; transf., swollen; fauces, Verg.; 
2, coarse, not delicate, unrefined, rude; juvenis 
nana ubesae, Hor. 

obex -icis, and ohjTcis, m. and f. (objicio), 

1, the fastening of a door, bolt, bar, barrier, bar- 
ricade; fultosque emuniit objice postrs, Verg.; 

2, an ubstacle, hindrance, Plin. 

obf . . . v. off . . 

obg . . . v. ogg . . . 

obhaereo, 2. to stick to, cleave to, Suet. 

obbaeresco -haesi -haesum, 3. to stick fast, 
adhere to, Lucr. 

oblcio =• objicio (q.v.). 

obirascor -iratus sum, 3. dep. to be angry; 
fortunae, with fortune, Ljv, 



obiratlo -Onis, f. (obirascor), a being angry, 
anger, Cic. 

obiratus -a -um, p. adj. (from obirascor), 

angry, wrathful; with dat., fortunae, Liv. 

obiter, adv. (ob), 1, on the way, in passing, on 
the journey, J uv.; 2, by the way, incidentally, Juv. 

obitus -us, in. (obeo), 1, an approaching, 
going to, Ter. ; 2, a going down (esp. of the 
heavenly bodies), setting; siderum, Cic; 3, a 
downfall, ruin, destruction, death; post obitum 
vel potius excessum Romuli, Cic. 

objaceo -jiieui, 2. to lie at, against, in the 
way ; saxa objacentia peclibus, Liv. 

objectatio -Onis, f. (objecto), a reproach, 
Caes. 

objecto, 1. (intens. of objicio). I. to put in. 
the umj, set against. A. Lit. (of birds), caput 
. fretis, to dip, dive into, Verg. B. Transf., to 
expose: aliquem periculis, Sail.; se hostium 
telis, Liv. ; moras, to cause, interpose delay, Ov. 
II. Transf., to reproach with anything, object 
anything to a person, throw in a person's teeth ; 
alicui probrum, Cic ; with ace. and inlin., 
nobilitas objectare Fabio fugisse eum Ap. 
Clnudimn collegam, Liv. 

1. objectus -a -um, p. adj. (from objicio), 1, 
lying at, near, opposite to ; insula objecta Alexan- 
driae, Caes. ; 2, exposed to ; fortunae, Cic. ; ad 
omncs casus, Cic. 

2. objectus -us, in. (objicio), i/ placing at, 
before, opposite, a lying against, lying opposite; 
insula portum ctticit objectu lateruni, Verg. 

objex = obex (q.v.). 

objicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ob and jacio). I. 
to throw in the way of. A. Lit,, se telis hostium, 
Cic. B. Transf., 1, to oppose, Cic. ; 2, to expose ; 
consulem morti, Cic. ; se in dimicationes, Cic. ; 
3, to cause, produce; alicui errorem, Cic; nietuni 
et dolorem, Cic. ; objicitur animo nietus, the 
heart, is seUed. with fear, Cic.-; hie aliud ma jus 
miseris objicitur, presents itself, Verg. II. to 
place before, throw before. A. Lit., 1, corpus 
feris, Cic. ; 2, to put before, hold, before as a 
defence, protection ; Alpium vallum contra trans- 
gressionem Gallorum, to oppose, Cic; euros pro 
vallo, Caes. B. 1, to offer ; delenimeutum 
animis, Liv. ; 2, to hold out as on example ; 
umim ex judicibus selectis, Hor. ; 3, to object to, 
reproach with, charge with; alicui flirt a, Cic; 
with ace. and infill., objicit milii, me ad Bai.is 
fuisse, Cic; with quod, non tibi objicio quod 
spoliasti, Cic. 

objurgatio -onis, f. (objurgo), a blaming, 
chiding, reproving, Cic. 

objurgator -oris, m. (objurgo), a scolder, 
chider, reprover, blamer, Cic. 

objurgat6rius-a -um (objurgator), scolding, 
chiding ; epistola, Cic. 

objurgo, l. and objurgor, 1. dep. to scold 
chide, reprove., reprimand, hlume ; aliquem luolli 
brachio de Pompeii familiaritate, Cic. ; vere- 
cundiam alicui us, Cic; quum objurgarer me, 
quod liimia laetitia paene desiperem, Cic. 

oblanguesco -giii, 3. to become languid, Cic. 

obiatro, 1. to bark at or against, to rail at, 
scold, Suet. 

oblectamen -Inis, n. (oblecto), a delight, 
pleasure, Ov. 

oblectamentum -i, n. (oblecto), a delight, 
amusement, solace ; meae senectutis requies ob- 
lectamentumque, Cic 

obleotatlo -5nis, f, (oblecto), a delighting ; 
pleasing ; aninii, vitae, Cic 

oblecto, 1. (ob and laeto). I. to delight, 
please, dmvse ; quum eoruin inventis scriptisquq 



obi 



obr 



se oblecteut, Cic. ; senectutem, Cic. ; legentium 
ctulinos fictis, Tac. ; me cum aliqua re, Cic. ; 
.sc cum aliquo, Cic. II. to ]xiss time pleasantly, 

white away time ; lacrimabile tenipus studio, Ov. 

obllcus, v. obliquus. 

oblido -Hsi -lisiun, 3. (ob and laedo), to 
squeeze, tin/ether ;--'collum digitalis dnobus, to 
throttle, Cic ; rVblisis faucibus, strangled, Tac. 

obligatio -Snis, f. (obligo), a beingbound, a 
legal obligation ; obligatio pecuniae, Cic. 

ObligatUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from obligo), 
bound, under an obligation to any one ; obligatus 
ei nihil eram, Cic. 

Obligo, 1. to bind, fasten to. I. A. Lit., 
to tie, bind up, bandage a <ioi<7i<2;. vulnus, Cic; 
medicnm requirens a quo obligetur, Cic. ; venas, 
Tac. B. Transf., to bind, fetter by an oath, law, 
benejit, to bind, fetter, oblige, lay 'iinder an obliga- 
tion, make liable ; a, se nesu, Cic. ; aliquem sibi 
liberalitate, Cic. ; poet., obligatatn redde Jovi 
dapem, that is due, Hor. ; b, to pledge ; praedia 
obligata, mortgaged, Cic. II, to make, liable to 
•jut ii.ir.liirie nt, make guilty; aliquem scelere, Ci«. ; 
pass., obligari, to mmmit an offence, be guilty; 
obligari fraude impia, Cic. 

oblinio, 1. (ob and limns). I. to cover with 
slime or mud ; agvos, Cic. II. to lavish, squander, 
Hoi-. 

oblino -levi -litum, 3. I, to smear, daub, 
besmear. A. Lit., obliti unguentis.Cic. ; oblitus 
faciein suo cruore, Cic. B. Transf., to rover, 
load ; actor oblitus divitiis, Hor. ; facetiae 
oblitae Latio, Cic. II. to stain, pollute, defile.; 
oblitus parricidio, Cic. ; sunt omnia suinnio 
dedecore oblita, Cic. ; aliquem vcrsibus atris, to 
satirise, lampoon, Hor. 

oblique, adv. (obliquus), 1, sideways, athwart, 
aslant, obliquely ; ferri, Cic; 2, indirectly, cov- 
ertly, oil implication, Tac 

obliquo, 1. (obliquus), to moke oblique, turn 
sideways, turn aside, slant, crook; oculos, Ov.; 
eiisein in latus, Ov. 

obliquus (obllcus) -a -um (oband liquis), 
slanting, oblique, sideways, aslant, on one side. 
I. Lit., has partim obliques, partim aversos, 
partim etiani adversoa stare vobis, Cic; anmis 
cursibus obliqnis fluens, Ov. ; ab obliquo, Ov., 
per obliqnnm, Hor., sideways, obliquely. II. 
Transf, a, of discourse, indirect, covert; in- 
sectatio, Tac. ; b, looking askance, envious ; in- 
vidia, Verg. 

obliteratio -onis, f. {oblitero), a blotting 
out, obliteration ; and esp., a blotting out from 
memory, total forgetfulness, Plin. 

oblitero, 1. (oblino), to blot out, obliterate, to 
blot out of memory, bring to forgetfulness ; faiuam 
rei, Liv. ; publici mei beneficii memoria privatam 
offeusionem obliteramnt, Cic. 

oblltesco -till, 3. (ob and latesco), to hide, 
conceal oneself; ;i nost.ro aspectn, Cic. 

oblivlo -onis, f. (obliviscor), forgetfulness, 
oblivion ; laudem alicnins ab oblivlone atque a 
silentio vindicai-e, Cic; dare aliquid oblivioni, 
ta limy in. ulilirian, Liv. ; in oblivionem negiitii 
wnirc, to forget, Cic. 

oblivlosus -a -um (oblivio), 1, oblivious, 
forgetful, Cic; 2, causing forgetfulness ; Mas- 
sii'iiui, Hor. 

obliviscor, oblitus sum, 3. dep. (perhaps 
from oblino), to forget. I. Lit., with genit., tcm- 
portun suornin, Cic; with ace. of thing, injn- 
riiis, Cic; with inlin., ne obliviscar vigilare, Cic; 
with ace airl infin., obliviscor Hosciiim et Clu- 
vimn virus esse primaries, Cic. II. Transf., to 
forget, lose sight of; consuetudinis suae, Cic ; ob- 
Hvisci sui, to forget oneself, Cic. 



obliViUm -ii, n. (obliviscor), usually plur., 
forgetfulness ; agerc oblivia laudis, to forget, Ov. 
oblongus -a -tun, rafter long, oblong, Liv. 

obloquor -qnfltus (-eutus) sum, 3. dep. I. 
to Speak against, gainsay, contradict, interrupt : 

I, gen., alicni, Cic ; 2, esp., a, to blame, Tac. ; 
b, (o chide, Cat. II, to join in singing, to uc- 
company ; non avis obloqnitiir, Ov. 

obluctor, 1. dep. to struggle against, strive 
against ; genibus adversae arenae, Verg. 

obmolior, 4. dep. I, to build or pile against 
(a3 a defence); nee in promptu erat quod ob- 
molirentur, Liv. II. to obstruct, block up, Liv. 

obmurmuro, 1. to murmur against or at ; 
precious, Ov. 

obmutesco -mtttai, 3. I. Lit., A. to become 
dumb, become- speechless with astonishment, etc ; 
vocem mittenti non et linguam obmutuisse et 
manum obtorpuissc, Cic B. = to be silent ; ego 
neqne Antonium verbum facere patiar et ipse 
obmutescam, Cic II. Transf., to erase; dolor 
animi obnmtnit, Cic 

obnatus -a -um (*obnascor), growing on; 
obnata ripis salicta, growing on the bank, Liv. 

obnitor -nbcus (-nisns) sum, 3. dep. to push 
against, press against. I. Lit., taurus arboris 
obnixus trunco, Verg. ; scutis corporibusque 
ipsis obnixi, Liv. II. Transf., to strive against, 
oppose ; consilio or manu hostibus, Tac 

obnixe, adv. (obnixus, from obnitor), with 
all one's might, with all one's strength, Ter. 

obnixus -a -um, p. adj. (from obnitor), stead- 
fast,Jirm, unyielding, Liv. 

obnoxie (obnoxius). I. culpably, Plant. 

II. slavishly, servilely, submissively ; sententias 
dicere, Liv. 

obnoxiOSUS -a -um (obnoxius), submissive, 
compliant, Plant. 

obnoxius -a -uin (ob and noxn). I. liable to 
punishment; hence, guilty of any rrime, vice, 
etc. ; animus neqne delicto neque lubidini ob- 
noxius, Sail. ; pecuniae debitae, indebted, Liv. 
II. A. subject, obedient, compliant; 1, lit., 
subject! atque obnoxii vobis, Liv. ; 2, a, de- 
pendent upon ; lnna rndiis fratris obnoxia, Verg ; 
b, slavish, servile, submissive ; pax obnoxia. 
Liv. B. subject to, exposed, to, obnoxious to; 
nrbores quae frigoribus obnoxiae sunt, Liv. ; 
obnoxinm est, it is dangerous, Tac. 

obnubo -nupsi -nuptnin, 3. to cover; comas 
amictii, Verg. ; caput, ap. Cic. 

obnuntiatio -onis, f. (obnuntio), in the 
language of augurs, the announcement of an evil 
omen, Cic 

obnuntio, 1. in the language of augurs, to 
announce, report an unfavourable omen; consnli, 
Cic. 

oboed . . . v.-obed . . . 

oboleo -iii, '2. to smell of anything, emit an 
odour. Plant. 

obolUS -i, m. (oJSoAck), a Greek coin, in value 
one-si. it it of a drachma, rather more than 1 Id. 
Knglish, Tor. 

oborior -ortns sum -oriri, fn arise, appear; 
helium, lav.; vide quanta lux liberalitatis et 
sapientiae tuae mihi apud te dicenti oboriatur, 
Cic. 

obp ... v. opp . . . 

obrepo •repsi -rep turn, 3. to creep, to craxvl 
to. I. Lit., ap. Cic II. Transf., to come up 
silently and unexiiectedly, steal on imperceptibly, 
come on by surprise; senectna adolescentiae 
obrepit, Cic. ; nd honores, Cic. ; imagines ob- 
repunt in animos donnientiuni, Cic. 



obr 



374 



obs 



dbreptus (partic. of obripio), surreptitious. 

obretio, 4. (ob ami rote), to catch in a net, 
Lucr, 

obrigesco -rTgiii, S. to become stiff nr frozen, 
to freeze; nive pruinaque, Cic. 

Obrlmas -ae, m. « rfrer in Phrygia, 

obrogo, 1. to amend or repeal a fciw ?>;/ 
another ; obrogare legibus Caesnris, Cic 

obl'uo -rui -rftturaj fut. partic -rfiiturus, ii. to 
rover over, rover with earth, clotlits, etc., to bury. 

I. Lit., A. se arenS, Cic ; thesaurum, Cic; 
obruere aliquem rivum, Sail. B. to overload ; 
se vino, Cic. II. Transf., A. testem omnium 
risus obruit, overwhelmed, Cic. ; obrui a re 
aiieno, plunged in debt, Cic; obrutus crimiuibus, 
Cic. B. i, to overwhelm, burn, ruin, consign to 
oblivion; ut adversa quasi perpetuS oblivione 
obruamns, Cic. ; Marius talis viri interitu sex 
suos obruit ronsulatus, obscured. the 'fame of his 
six consulships, Cic; 2, to surpass, eclipse; 
fauiam alicuiu.s, Tac. 

obrussa -ae, f. (6f}pv£or), the essaying of gold 
b y fire, Suet. ; fig., adhibenda tamquani obrussa 
ratio, as a test, Cic 

obsaepio -saepsi -saeptum, 4. to fence round, 
inclose, to block up, render access impossible. I. 
Lit., hostium agmina obsaepiunt iter, Liv. II. 
Fig., plebi iter ad curules magistrates, Liv. 

ObS&turo, 1. to satisfy, Tor. 

obscoene (obscene), adv. (obscoenns), im- 

pnrely, lewdly, immodestly, obscenely, Cic 

obscoemtas (obscenitas) -atis, f. (obs- 
coenus), impurity, foulness, lewdness, obscenity; 
verborum, Cic 

obscoenns (obscenus) -a -nm (ob and 

roenuin). I. repulsive, Jil thy, disgusting, offensive ; 
voluoros, the Harpies, Vevg. ; risus, Ov. II. 
Transf., A. morally disgusting, impure, lewd, 
foul, obscene ; voluptatos, Cic. ; adultorium, Ov. ; 
jocandi genus, Cic B. ill-omened, unpropitious ; 
volucrcfj, owls, Verg. 

obscuratio -5nis, f. (obscuro), on obscuring, 
darkening ; solis, Cic; fig., Cic. 

obscure, adv. (obscurus). I. darkly, Cic 

II. a, of discourse, obscurely, unintelligibly ; 
disserere, Cic; b, covertly, secretly, nnobservedly ; 
illiquid non obscure ferre, Cic 

obscuritas -atis, f. (obscurus). I. darkness, 
obscurity ; latebrarum, Tac.; lucis, Liv. II. Fig., 
a, of discourse, obscurity, unintelligibleness, want 
of perspicuity ; oratio quae lumen adhibere rebus 
debet, ca obscuritatem aft'ert, Cic. ; verborum, 
Cic; in ea obscuritate et dubitatione omnium, 
Cic. b, of condition, obscurity, low birth and 
station, Cic' 

obscuro, 1. (obscurus). I. to make dark, 
darken, obscure. A. Lit., obscuratur luce solis 
lumen lucernae, Cic ; caelum nocte atque nubi- 
bus ohseuratum, Sail. B. a, of discourse, to 
makedark, indistinct, unintelligible; aliquid dic- 
e.ndo, to pronounce indistinctly, Vie; b, to make 
obscure, keep in obscurity, rouse, to be forgotten ; 
fortuna res celebrat obscuratqne, Sail. ; eoram 
memoria obscurata est, Cic II. Transf., to 
conceal, hide; magnitudinem periculi, Cic 

obscurus -a -urn (perhaps for obscutaus 
connected with occult us). I. dark, obscure; 1, 
lit, lucus, Verg. ;nox, Verg. ; subst., obscurum 
-i, n. darkness; sub obscuriun noctis, Verg.; 
applied to persons, ibant obscui'i, in the dork, 
Verg. ; 2, lig., a, of discourse or a writer, ob- 
scure, unintelligible, indistinct; Ho.raelitns ob- 
scurus, Cic ; brevis esse laboro, obscurus fio, 
Hor. ; b, unknown, obscure, not celebrated; Pom- 
peius lnunili atque obscuro loco natus, of humble 



origin, Cic II. Transf., A. dark, insecure; 
obseura spe et caeca exspectatione, Cic B. 
concealed, hidden; 1, lit., locus, Liv.; 2, tig., 
of character, secret, reserved, close ; homo, (lie. ; 
odi.lll), Cic. 

obsecratio -onis, f. (obseero). I. an em nest 
entreaty, supplication, adjuration ; obsecratione 
hnm.'li ac supplici uti, Cic. II. a public pruyer 
or supplication ; obsecratio a populo duumriria 
praeeuntibus facta, Liv. 

obs*ecro, l.(oband sacro), tobeseech carm -tig, 

implore, adjure, entreat; aliquem mult-is lacrimis, 
Cic. ; obseero te, ut id facias, Cic. ; te hoe ut, 
etc., Cic ; esp'., as a polite phrase, pray ; Attica, 
obsecm te, quid agit, Cic 

obsecundo, 1. to be subservient to, compliant 
with, fall in with ; voluntatibus alicuius, Cic 
obsepio = olisacpifi (q.v.). 

obsequela -ac, f. (nbseqnor), enmpliancr, 

yielding, Plant. 

obsequens -cutis, p. adj. (from obseqnor), 

I, compliant, yielding, obedient ; patri, Ter. ; 2, 
esp., an epithet applied to the gods, favourable, 
gracious, Plant. 

obsequenter, adv. (obsequens), compliantly, 

obediently ; liaec facere, Liv. 

obsequentia -ae, f. (obsequens) yielding, 
compliance, complaisance, Caes. 

obsequiosus -a -nm (obseqninm), com- 
pliant, yielding, obsequious, Plant. 

obsequium -It, n. (obseqnor), compliance, 

complaisance, deference to others, submission, ob- 
sequiousness. I. Gen., Cic.; ventris, gluttony. 
Hoi'. ; transf., of inanimate objects, fleotitur 
obsequio curvatus ab arbore ramus, Ov. II. 
obedience ; obsequium erga aliquem exuere, 
Tac. 

obsequor -cntus (-quiitus) sum, 3. dep. I. 
to comply with, humour, gratify, obey; tibi rog- 
anti, Cic; nequc, uti de M. Pompilip referrent, 
senatni obsequebantur, Liv. II. Transf., to give 
oneself up to anything ; tempestati, Cic; alicuius 
voluntati, Cic 

1. obsero, 1. to bolt, bar, fasten ; plobis 
aedificiis obseratis, Liv. ; transf., aures, BTor. 

2. obsero -sen -situm, ". to sow, plant ; 
terram frugibus, Cic. Partic, obsitus -a -uin, 
sown with, i.e., full of, covered with; obsita pomis 
rura, Ov. ; vestis obsita squalore, Liv.; legati 
obsiti squalore et sordibus, Liv. 

observans -antis, p. adj., with compar. and 

superl. (obscrvo), attentive, respectful ; observ- 
antissimns mei, Cic 

observantia -ae, f. (observans), respect, 
esteem, attention ; observantia est, porquam aetal e, 
nut, sapientia, nut honore, aut nliqua dignitatis 
antcccdeiites veremuret colimus, Cic ; in regem, 
Liv. 

observatlO -onis, f.(observo), 1, an observing, 
observation ; siderum, Cic ; 2, care, accuracy, 
exactness, circumspection ; summaerat ibservati<» 
in bello movendo, Cic. 

observator -oris, in. (obscrvo), an observer, 
watcher, PI in. 

observito, 1. (intens. of observo), to watch, 
observe diligently; motus stcllarum, Cic. 

observo, 1. to watch, observe, regard, attend 
to. I. occupationem alicuius, Cic. ; tempus 
epistolae alien i reddendae, to watch for, Cic. 

II. A. t" watch, guard, keep; grogos, Ov. B. 
to keep, "hey, regard, observe a law, rule, precept ; 
leges, Cic ; praeceptum, Caes. ; observare ne, 
with the subj., quod ne accidat observare nee 
potest nee necesse est, Cic. C. to respecl,£stcenu 
prize, honour; me ut alterum patrem, Cie. 



obs 



375 



obs 



obses -sidis, c. (obaud sedeo). I. a hostage ; 
obsides accipere, dare, Caes. II. a surety, 
■security, pledge; seque eius rei obsidein fore, 
pollicitus est, that he would be surety for that 
thing, Ney». ; obsides dare, to gicc security, with 
ace. and inlin., Cic. 

obsesalo -onis, f. (obsideo), a blockade, sieye, 
encompassing ; viae, Cic. 

obsessor -oris, m. (obsideo), one who sits or 
remains a long time in a place ; 1, gen., vivarum 
obsessor aquarum (of the water-snake), Ov. ; 2, 
esp., one who besieges or blockades;- curiae, Cic. ; 
Luceriae, Liv. 

obsideo -sedi -sessnin, 2. (ob ami sedeo). 

I. Intransit., tqjsit doion, remain' any where, Ter. 

II. Transit., A. to sit, remain- in or on, haunt, 
frequent a place, Plin. B. 1, lit., to blockade, 
besiege, beset ; omnes aditus, Cic. ; totam Italiam, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to occupy, fill ; corporibns 
omnia obsidetur locus, every place is filled, Cic. ; 
b, to be on the look-out for, watch for an oppor- 
tu n ity ; jacere humi ad obsidendum stuprum, Cic. 

obsidio -onis, f. (obsideo), a blockade, siege. 
A. Lit., obsidione urbes capere, Cic. ; obsidione 
solvere or eximere, to raise the siege of a place, 
Liv. B. Transf., pressing danger ; rempublicam 
liberare obsidione, Cic. 

obsidionalis -e (1. obsidium), of or relating 
to a blockade, siege ; corona, the honorary crwuil 
of grass given to the. commander who had raised a 
siege, Liv. 

1. obsidium -ii, n. (obsideo), a blockade, 
siege, besetting. I. Lit., oeeupare obsidio Lace- 
daemonis exercitum, Liv. Ii. Fig., danger, 
Plant. 

.2. obsidium -Ii, n. (obses), the coMiiion of 
a hostage, Tac 

obsido -8§di -sessuni, 3. to blockade, besiege, 
invest, environ; ponteni, Sail. ; milite campos, 
Yerg. 

obsignator -f>ri.s, m, (obsigno), one who 
seals, a sealer; literarum, Cic; esp., a witness 
who puts his seal to a will; testamenti, Cic. 

Obsigno, 1. I. to seal. A. Gen., epistolam, 
Cic. B. Esp., 1, of a witness, to sign and seal 
a document; prov., agere cum aliquo tabellis 
obsignatis, to deal with any one in, strict form 
of law, Cic; 2, to seal an accusation against 
any one; contra Scaurum patrem suuni, Cic 
II. to stamp, impress; formam verbis, Lucr. 

obsisto -stiti, 3. 1, to stand, place oneself 
before or in the way of; alicui abeunti, Liv. ; 2, 
to oppose, withstand, resist ; omnibus eius con- 
siliis, Cic. ; alicui obsistere, foil, by quominus 
and the subj., Cic. Partic, obstitus -a -urn 
(in the language of the augurs) = struck with 
lightning, Cic. ... 

obsitus -a -mn, partic. of 2. obsero (q.v.). 

obsolefacio -feci -factum, 3. (obsoleo and 
faoio), to wear out, degrade, corrupt, make com- 
mon; obsoleflebant dignitatis insignia, Cic 

obsolesco -levi -letum, 3. (obs and olco), to 
pass away by degrees, decay, wear out, full into 
disuse, lose value; oratio, Cic. ; vectigal, Cic. 

obsolete, adv. (obsoletus), poorly, meanly; 
obsoletius vestitus, shabbily dressed, Cic. 

obsoletus -a -um (partic. of obsolesco), worn 
out, decayed; 1, lit., vestitu obsoletiore, Cic; 
obsoletus Thessalonieam venisti, dressed in old 
clothes, Cic. ; verba, obsolete, Cic ; 2, common, 
everyday; crimina, Cic. ; oratio, ordinary, Cic. 

obsonium -ii, n. (6\l/iouiov), that which is 
eaten with bread, e.g., vegetables, fruit, and esp. 
fish, Hor. 

I obsono and obsonor, 1. dep.' (l^uveu), | 



to buy for the kitchen, purvey; 1, lit., Plant.; fig., 
ambulando famem, to buy the sauce of hunger, 
Cic. ; 2, to give a feast, Ter. 

2. obsono, 1. to interrupt a person speakinn, 
Plaut. 

obsorbeo -Mil, 2. to swallow, gulp down, 
Plant.. y 

Obstetrlx -ieis, f. (obsto), o midwife, Hor. 

obstinate, adv. with compar. and super!, 
(obstinatus), resolutely, persistently, obstinately ; 
negare, Caes. ; credere, Liv. 

obstinatio -omii' f. (obstino),' "resolution, 
persistence, firmness, obstinacy; sententiae, Cic. 

obstinatus -a -um, p. adj. (from obstino), 
firmly resolved, persistent, firm, obstinate; ob- 
stinatior voluntas, Cic. ; adversus obstinatior 
lacrimas muliebres, Liv. ; ad decertandum ob- 
stinati mori, Liv. 

obstino, 1. (ob and sto), to persist in, be 
resolved on anything ; Avith infin., obstinaverant 
animis aut vincere aut mori, Liv. 

obstipesco == obstupes.co (q.v.). 

obstipus -a -\\m, leaning to either side (opp. 
rectus); caput, Cic; cervix, thrown back (said 
of a haughty person), Suet. ; caput, bent or bowed 
down, Hor. 

obsto -stlti -stat finis, 1. I. to stand at, before, 
against, Plant. II. to stand inop)>osition to, to 
oppose, resist, hinder, obstruct. ; with dat., alicui, 
Cic; vita cetera eonnn hide sceleri ' obstat, 
stands in opposition to, is inconsistent with, Sail. ; 
with quin, quominus, ne and tha subj., quia 
obstat, quominus sit beat us? Cic; ea ne iin- 
pedirent tribuni, dictatoris obstitit metus, Liv. 
Partic subst., obstantia, neut. plur., hin- 
drances, obstacles, impediments, Tac 

obstrepo -strepfii -strepltuin, 3. I. to make 
a noise, clamour at or against; nihil sensere 
Poeni obstrepente pluvia, Liv. ; with dat., 
fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus, 
Hor. ; obstrepunt portis, Liv. ' IL 1, to disturb, 
interrupt a speaker by clamour; alicui, Cic ; 
impers., decern viro obstrepitur, Liv.; 2, to 
disturb, molest; tibi Uteris, Cic. 

obstringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to bind to, 
fasten to, tie to, to bind -up, tie fast, keep bouml. 
A. ventos, Hor. B. Fig., 1, to bind, fetter, 
entangle, put under an obligation ; jurejurando, 
to bind by an oath, Caes. ; niiquem legibns, Cic ; 
benehcio obstrictus, Cic; 2, to entangle, in- 
volve; aliquem aere alieno, to entangle in debt, 
Cic. ; se parricidio; se scelere, to be guilty of, 
Cic 

obstructio -onis, f. (obstruo), a hindrance, 
obstruction, Cic. 

obstrudo = obtrudo (q.v.). 

obstruo -struxi -struct um, 3. I. to build 
against, build before; pro diruto novum uiurum, 
Liv. ; luininibus alicuius, to block up the light, 
build before the windows, Cic. II. to build it]', 
block up, close ; a, portas, Caes. ; aditus, Cic. ; iter. 
Poenis (to the Carthaginians) vel corporibns snis, 
Cic ; b, lig., obstrncre perfngia lmproborum, 
Cic. 

obstiipcfacio -feci -factum, to bewilder, 
astound, stupefy, to render ■ senseless, benumb; 
pass., obstupef lO -factus sum -fieri, to be 'be- 
wildered, amazed ; ipso iniracnio andaciae ob- 
stupefeeit host-es, Liv. ; obstupefactis hominibus 
ipsa admiratione, Cic 

obstupesco -stfipfti (-stlpul), fc" to become 
senseless, be stupefied, to be astounded, ammed ; 
qniim eorum aspect u obstipuisset bubulcus, 
Cic. 

obsum, obf ili (offiii) -esse, to be in the way, 
hinder, impede, injure, be prejudicial to; with 



obs 



376 



obu 



dat., obsilnt auctoribus artes, Ov. ; obest Clodii 
ludra Jliloni, Cic; non or nihil obest with 
liilin., nihil obest dicere, Cic. 

ObSUO -siii -siitnin, 3. 1, to sew on ; caput, 
Ov. ; 2, to dose up, stop vp ; spiritus oris obsu- 
itur, Verg. 

obsurdeSCO -dfll, S. to become deaf, to he. 
deaf ; 1, lit., hoc sonitu oppletae aures hominum 
obsiirduerunt, Cic. ; 2, to be deaf to warnings, 
etc., not to give, ear to, Cic. 

obtego -texi -tectum, 3. 1, to cover, protect ; 
se serrorum et libortorumcorporibus, Cic. ; earn 
partem castroram vineis, Cues. ; 2, to cover, 
conceal, hule, keep secret ; vitia multis virtutibus 
obtecta, Cic. 

obtemperatfo -5nis, f. (obtempero), com- 
pliance, obedience; legibus, Cic. 

obtempero, 1. to obey, comply with, conform 
to, submit to ; alicui,Cic; iniperiopopuliRomani, 
Caes. ; ut ad verba nobis obediant, ad id, quod 
ex verbis intelligi possit, obtemperent, Cic. 

obtendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. to stretch 
before, sp read before ; 1, pro vironebiilam, Verg.; 
poet., obtenta nocte, under the shelter of night, 
Verg. ; obtendi = to lie before, be over against ; 
Britannia Germaniae obtenditur, Tac. ; 2, to put 
forward as an excuse, plead, allege ; matris preces, 
Tac. ; valetudinem corporis, Tac. II. to cover, 
conceal, hide; diem nube atra, Tac. ; fig., quasi 
velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cuiusque 
natnra, Cic. 

1. obtentus -us, in. (obtendo), 1, lit., a 
stretching or spreading before; frondis, Verg. ; 2, 
fig., a pretext, pretence, excuse; tempora reipub- 
licae obtentni snmpta, taken as an excuse, Tac. ; 
sub eius obtentu cognominis, Liv. 

2. obtentus -a -urn, 1, partic. of obtineo ; 
2, rnrtic of obtendo. 

obtero -trivl -tritum, 3. to trample, crush; 
1, lit., Cic. ; obtriti sunt phnes quam ferrn 
necati, Liv. ; 2, transf,, to crush, annihilate, de- 
stroy : calumninm, Cic. ; jura popnli, trample 
■under foot, Liv. (syneop. plrtperh, obtrisset, 
Liv.). 

obtCStatlo -onis, f. (obtestor), 1, a solemn 
inlling of God to witness, on adjuring in the name 
of the gods; obtestatio et consecratio legis, Cic; 
tna obtestatio tibicinis, Cic. ; 2, an earnest sup- 
plication, vehement entreaty, Liv. 

obtestor, 1. dep. I. to call to witness, pro- 
test before some person or thing; deum homin- 
umque /idem, Liv. II. 1, to adjure, implore, 
entreat, supplicate in the name, of the gods; per 
omnes deos te obtestor ut, etc., Cic. ; qua re 
oro obtestorque vos, judices, no, etc., Cic. ; 2, to 
assert solemnly; summaiu rempublicani agi ob- 
testans, Tac. 

obtexo -texiii -textum, 3. 1, to weave on, 
weave over, Plin. ; 2, to cover ; coelumqueobtex- 
itur umbra, Verg. 

obticeo, 2. (nD and taceo), to be silent, Ter. 

obtlcesco -cili, 3. (obticeo), to become quiet, 
grow silent, Ilor. 

ObtigO = obtego (q. v.). 

obtineo -tlni'ii -tentum, 2. (ob and teneo). 

I. to hold with the luinds; obtine aures, Plant. 

II. to hold, possess, keep possession of, occupy. A. 
suam domum, Cic. ; vada custodiis, Cic. ; citer- 
iorein ripain armis, Liv. B. Transf., to hold, 
occupy; principem locum, to hold the chief place, 
Caes. ; secundum dignitatis ioeuin, Caes. ; nu- 
merum deorum, to be among the number of the 
gods, Cic. III. A. to maintain, hold firmly ; 
pontem, Liv. ; hereditatem, Cic. B. Transf., 
a, jus suum contra aliquem, Cic. ; causam, to 
carry one's point, Cic. ; ahsol., obtinuit, with 



ut and the subj., he carried his point that, etc., 
Liv.; b, to maintain an assertion; duas con- 
trarias sententias, Cic. IV. a, to keep, observe ; 
silentiiiin, Cic. ; vitam, Cic. ; lex quae in con- 
viviis Graecorum obtinebatur, Cic. ; b, reflex., 
to obtain, be held; pro vero, Sail. 

obtingo -tigi, 3. (ob and tango), to fall to the 
lot of any one, to happen, befall; a, quod cuique 
obtigit, is quisque teueat, Cic. ; si quid inilii ob- 
tigerit, if anything should happen to me, if } 
should die, Cic. ; b, esp. as polit. t.t., of tlit 
casting of lots for public offices, alicui soi te ob- 
tingit provincia aquaria, Cic. 

obtorpesco -torpiii, 3. to become stiff, numb, 
torpid, insensible; et linguam obmutuissc et 
manum obtorpuisse, Cic. ; maims prae metu, 
Liv. ; obtorpuerunt animi, Liv. « 

obtorquco -torsi -tortum, 2. to turn or twist 
towards, to turn round, wrench, twist, round 
(usually found in partic. perf.); obtorta gula in 
vincnla abripi jnssit, Cic 

obtrectatio -onis, f. (obtrecto), envious 
dispamgement, detraction; obtrectatio est aegri- 
tudo ex eo, quod alter quoque potiatur eo, quod 
ipse concupiverit, Cic. ; laud is, Caes. 

obtrectator -oris, in. (obtrecto), an envious 
detractor, disparager; obtreetatores et invidi 
Bcipionia, Cic 

obtreeto, 1. (ob and tracto), to disparage, 
detract from, enviously decry, to oppose, thwart, 
injure any one; with dat., alicui, Cic ; gloriae 
alicuius, Liv. ; inter se, Nep. ; legi alicuius, 
Cic; with ace, eius laudes, Liv. 

cbtrudo (obstrudo) -triisi -triisum, 1, to 
gulp down, swallow down, Plant. ; 2, a, to 
thrust, force, obtrude anything uponone; virginein 
alicui, Ter. ; b, to cover ; obstrusa carbasa pullo, 
edged with, Ov. 

obtrnnco, 1. to cut down, rut in pieces, slay ; 
regem, Liv. 

obtiieor 2. dep. to look at, ga-e at, see, be- 
hold, Plant. 

obtundo -tfidi -tiisnm, 3. I. to beat upon, 
thump; os mini, Plant. II. to make dull by 
striking. A. Lit., telum, Lucr. B. Transf., 1, 
to make blunt, dull, render obtuse, weaken ; oh- 
tnndere aures, to din into a person's ears ; obtud- 
erunt eius aures te socium praetoris fuissp, Cic ; 
obtundere vocem, of orators, to speak hoarsely, 
Cic ; ingenia, to make dull, Cic ; 2, to weary; 
aliquem longis epistolis, Cic. 

obturbo, 1. I. A. to disturb, make turbid; 
aquam, Plin. B. to disturb, put into confusion, 
perturb ; ltostes, Tac II. Transf., A. to deafen, 
stun; a, with shouts, obturbabatur militum voc- 
ibus, Tac. ; b, mentally, me scriptio et literae 
non leniunt sed obturbant, distract, Cic. B. to 
disturb, break in upon; solitudinem, Cic. 

obturgesoo -tarsi, 3. to swell up, Lucr. 

obturo, l. to stop up. I. Lit., ens partes 
(corporis) obstructas et obturatas esse dicebat, 
Cic II. Transf., alicui aures, to refuse to listen, 
Hor. 

obtusus -a -uii), p. adj. (from obtundo), 
blunt. I. Lit., pugio, Tac II. Transf., a, dark- 
ened, dulled ; neque turn stellis acii's obtusa 
videtur, Verg. ; b, of the intellect, dulled, 
blunted ; cuius animis obtusior sit acies, Cic; 
C, of feeling, insensible; ppctora, Verg.'; d, weak 
powerless, Verg. 

obtutUS -us, m. (obtueor), a looking at, be. 
holding, look, gaze ; ocnlorum, Cic. ; dum stupet 
obtutuque haeret deflxus in uno, Verg. 

obumbro, 1. to overshadow. I. Lit., hum- 
inn, to darken; aethera telis, Verg. II. Fig., 
1, to obscure, overcloud; nuinqnam obscura 



obu 



377 



occ 



nomina, etsi aliquando obumbrentur, Tac. ; 2, 
to conceal, protect, cover; erroris sub imagine 
crimen, Oy. 

obuncus -a -urn, bent inwards, hooked in- 
wards; rostrum, Verg. 

ormstus -a -urn (ob and uro), burnt, hard- 
ened in the fire; sudes, Verg.; transf., gleba 
obusta (pinched) gelu, Ov. 

obvallo, 1. to surround with a wall, wall 
round ; lig., locus omui ratione obvallatus, Cic. 

obvenio -veni -ventum, 4. I. to come in the 
way of, to meet ; se in tempore pugnae obvent- 
urum, Liv. II, Transf., a, to fall in the way of, 
occur to, liappen ; vitiuni obvenit consuli, Liv. ; 
id obvenit vitium quod, etc., Liv. ; b, to fall to, 
fall to the lot of; ei sorte provinuia obveuit, Cic. 

obversor, 1. dep. to move up and down 
before ; apjiear before, be before, go about, show 
oneself. A. Lit., caatris, Liv. ; Appio in somnis 
eadem obversata species, appeared, Liv. B. 
Transf., sed mihi ante oculos obversatur rei- 
publicac dignitas, hovers before my eyes, Cic. 

obversus -a -um (partic. of obverto), turned 
towards ; in agmen utrumque, Ov. 

obverto (-vorto) -verti (-vorti) -versum (-vor- 
sum), 3. to turn towards, tivist towards, direct 
towards. I. Act., arcus in aliquem, Ov. ; proras 
pelago, Verg. II. Middle, obverti, to turn to- 
wards. A. Lit., a, gen., in hostein, Liv. ; b, 
esp., to oppose; profligatis obversis, theopponents 
being scattered, Tac. B. Transf., niilite ad 
sanguinem et caedes obverso, Tac. 

• obviam, adv. in the way, on the way ; hence, 
towards, against, to meet in a friendly or hostile 
manner; obviam alicui ire or prodire or pro- 
cedere, Cic. ; obviam alicui fieri, Cic. ; obviam 
venire, to come to meet, Cic. ; obviam ire alicui 
rei, to oppose, Cic. ; cupiditati hominum, Cic. 

obvius -a -um (ob and via), in the way, 
■meeting. I. Lit., obvius esse alicui, Cic. ; 
dare se obviuin alicui, to meet, Liv. ; obvias mihi 
literas mittas, Cic, ; subst., obvios percunctari, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, exposed to; funis ventoruin, 
Verg. ; 2, ready at hand; testes, Tac. ; 3, affable, 
courteous, easy of access ; cuinitas, Tac. 

obvolvo -volvi -vdlutuiii, 3. to roll up, wrap 
up, cover all round ; capitc obvoluto, with head 
muffled up, Cic. J transf., verbisque decoris ob- 
voivas vitium, Hor. 

occaeco, 1. (oband caeco). I. Lit., to make 
blind, to blind; a, lit., occaecatus pulverc effuso 
hostis, Liv. ; b, transf., occaecati cupiditate, 
Cic. II. to darken, overcloud; a, lit., densa 
caligo occaeeaverat diem, to hide from sight; b, 
transf. , to make obscure, unintelligible; obscura 
narratio tutam occaecat orationeni, Cic. III. 
to conceal, make invisible; semen, Cic. 

occallesco -calliii, 3. (ob and calleo), to 
become thick-skinned ; 1 lit., Ov. ; 2, transf., to 
become insensible, unfeeling, Cic. 

occano -caniii, 3. (ob and cano), to Won', 
sound; cornua tubasque, Tac. 

occasio -onis, f. (from occasum, supine of 
occido), a favourable moment, opportunity, oc- 
casion. I. Gen., occasionein nancisci, Cic. ; 
arripere, Liv.; amittere, Cic. ; dimittere, Caes. ; 
occasione data, when an opportunity is offered, 
Cic. ; ut primum occasio data est, as soon as an 
opportunity offered, Cic; per occasionem, on a. 
favourable opportunity, Liv,; quaercre crimin- 
andorum patrum occasiones, Liv. II. an op- 
portunity to make a coup-de-main; occasionis 
gssc rem, non proelii, Caes. 

1. occasus -a -um, partic. of occido. 

2, ogcasus -us, m. (oeqdo), (}fc setting of (h,e 



heavenly bodies. A. Lit., 1, solis, Caes.; 2, 
the west; ab occasu, Verg. B. Transf., fall, 
destruction, end, death ; occasus interitusque rei- 
publicae, Cic. ; occasus noster, exile, Cic. 

occatio -onis, f. (occo), a harrowing, Cic. 

occedo -cessi -cessuin, 3. (ob and cedo), to 
go to, go towards, meet ; in conspectuin alicuius, 
Plaut. 

occento, 1. (ob and canto), 1, to sing to, ting 
a serenade to, Plaut. ; 2, to sing a lampoon or 
pasquinade against any one, Cic. 

occidens -entis, in. (lit., partic. of occido, 
sc. sol), tlie evening, the west, Cic. 

ocoidio -onis, f. (occido), complete slaughter, 
extermination, utter destruction ; occidione occid- 
cre, to destroy utterly, slay to the last man, Cic. ; 
occidione occumbere, to be slain to tlie last man, 
Tac. 

1. occido -cidi -cisum, 3. (ob and caedo). 

I. to knock down, beat to the ground ; Ctesipho 
me pugnis occidit, Ter. II. to kill, slay. A. 
Lit., L. Virginius filiain suS, manu occidit, Cic. ; 
ipse fortissiine pugnans occiditur, Caes. B. to 
pla.gue to death, to torture, annoy, torment; rog- 
ando, legendo, Hor. 

2. occido -cidi -ciXsuni, 3. (ob and cado). I. 
to fall, fall down ; alia sigua do coelo ad terrain 
occidunt, Plaut. II. A. Of the heavenly bodies, 
to set ; sol occidit, Liv. ; ab orto usque ad occid- 
entem solem, from tlie cast to the west, Liv. 
B. to die, perish; 1, lit., in bello, Cic; sua 
dextra, to die by one's own hand, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., to perish, be ruined ; sin plane occidiinus, 
Cic. ; ornatus mundi occidat, Cic. ; spes occidit, 
Hor. 

oocidiius -a -um (occido). I. setting; a, 
lit., sol, Ov. ; b, meton., western, westerly, Ov. 

II. Transf., approaching death, near to dissolu- 
tion, Ov. 

oocino -ceclni and -cinui, 3. (ob and cano), to 
sing or chirp inauspiciously, to croak; si occin- 
uerit avis, Liv. 

occiplo -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ob and cajno). 
I. In transit., to begin; a meridie nebula 
occepit, Liv. II. Transit., A. to begin, commence; 
quae.stuni, Ter.; with infill., reguare occepit, 
Liv. B. to enter on ; limgistratuin, Liv. 

OCCipitlum -li, n. (occiput), the back of the 
head, occiput, Plaut. 

occiput -itis, n. (ob and caput), the back of 
the head, Pers. 

occisio -onis, f. (occido), a slaying, killing, 
murdering, slaughter; parentis, Cic. 

occisor -oris, m. (occido), a slayer, murderer, 
Plaut._ 

occisus -a -uin, p. adj. (from occido), ruined, 
unfortunate; occisissimus sum omnium qui viv- 
unt, Plaut 

occludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (ob and claudo). I. 
to shut up, close up ; tabernas, Cic. II. to restrain, 
keep in ; furax servus, cui nihil sit obsignatuui 
nee occlusum, Cic. 

occlusus -a -um, partic. of occludo. 

occo, 1. to harrow; poet., segetein, to till, 
Hor. 

occoepi -isse = occipio (q. v.). 

occubo. 1. (ob and cubo), to lie down, esp., 
to rest in the grave; ad tumuium, quo maximus 
occubat Hector, Verg. 

OCCUlCO, 1. (ob and calco), to trample, trend 
in, trample down ; occulcarc signa ordinesquc (of 
elephants), Liv. 

occulo -ciilui -cultum, 3. (ob and root CUL, 
whence also cucullus), to corer (esp. for the 
purpose of hjdjng), to hide, conrcid ; nliquem,' 



occ 



378 



oct 



Liv.; vulnera, Cic. ; transf., puncta argument- 
oruui, Cic. . 

occultatio -onis, f. (oeculto), a hiding, con- 
cealing, concealment ; oceultatione se tutari, Cic. 

occultator -oris, m. (oeculto), a hiJcr, con- 
cealer ; latronum, Cic. 

occulte, adv. (occultus), secretly, in secret, 
privately ; latere, Cic. ; dicere, obscurely, Cic, . 

oeculto, 1. (intens. of occulo), to hide, con- 
ceal ; se latebris, Cic. ; transf., flngitia, Cic. 

occultus -a -urn, p. adj. (from occulo), secret, 
hidden, concealed, private. I. Adj., A, Lit;, 
occultissimus exitus, Liv. - B. Transf., occultior 
cupiditas, Cic. ; of persons, secret, close, reserved; 
si me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, Cic. 
II. Subst., a. occulta -drum, m. secret things, 
secrets, Cic. ; 13, in adv. expressions, in oeculto, 
Cic, per occultum, Tac., ex oeculto, secretly, 
Cic. 

occumbo -cflbfti -cubltum, 3. (ob and enmbo), 
to fall down, sink down ; usually, to fall down in 
death, to die ; mortem, to die, Cic. ; poet., morti, 
Verg. ; or simply occumbere, aut occubuissem 
honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus, Cic. 

occupatlo -onis, f. (occupo). I. a seizing, 
taking possession of, occupation ; fori, Cic. II. 
a business, employment, occupation ; occupationes 
reipublicae, Caes. ; maximis oceupationibus im- 
pediri, distineri, Cic. • 

occupatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from occupo), 
busy, engaged, occupied,; in apparando bello, Cic. 

OCCUpo, 1. (ob and capio), to take possession 
of, occupy, lay hold of, seize. I. Lit., 1, totam 
Italiam siiis praesidiis, Cic. ; tyrannidem, Cic. ; 
poet., aliquem amplexu, to embrace, Ov. ; 2, to 
fill, occupy with anything; Tyrrheimm marc 
caeineutis, Hor. ; aream fimdnmentis, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, to fall upon, attack ; aliquem glndio, 
Verg.; 2, to anticipate, to do anything first ; 
with infin., occupant bellum facere, first begin 
the war, Liv.; 3, to occupy, master ; pavoroccupat 
animos, Liv. ; mentes Hiculorum occupat super- 
stition Cic; 4, to make busy, engage, occupy, Liv.; 
5, to employ, occupy, to put out, invest money; 
pocuniam grandi fenore, Cic. 

occurro -curri -cursum, 3. (ob and cuitu). 
I. (o run to meet, hasten to meet. A. 1, lit., 

a, gen., Caesari venienti, Caes. ; b, csp., to fall 
upon, attack ; duabus Iegionibus, Caes. ; 2, 
transf., of things, to come, in the way of; in 
aspe'ris locis silex saepe inipenetrabilis fe.no 
ucvurrebat, Liv. B. Fig., a, to work against, 
tipi*)sc, countcivd ; oiiinibus ems consiliis, Cic. ; 

b. to come to the help of, assist '; vestrae sapi'entiae, 
Cic II. A. to be present at, engage in ; neutri 
proelio, Liv.; negotiis, Cic. B. Fig., to meet 
the eye, to come into the thoughts, to occur to any 
one, to present itself, occur, Iiappen ; animo, cogi- 
tationi, Cic ; in menteui, Cic. 

occursatlo -onis, f. (oceurso), a going to 
meet a person, attention, ojficiousness ; facilis est 
illu occursatio et blanditia popularis, Cic. 

oceurso, 1. (intens. of occurro). I. to ao to 
meet, to meet. A. Lit, fugientibus, Tac. B. /<> 
oppose; invidi, occursantes, factiosi, Sail. II. 
to rush upon, fall upon, attack; occursat ocius 
gladio, Caes. 

OOCUrsus -us, in. (occurro), a meeting, a fall- 
inn in with ; vacuae occursus hoiuiinini viae, 
Liv. ; alieuius occursuin vitare, to avoid meeting 
with any one, Tac. 

Oceanus -i, m. ('Clxeavos), 1, the ocean, the 
sea which encompasses the earth ; mare Oceanus, 
Caes. ; 2, personified as a god, the husband 
of Tethys and father of the Nymphs; hence 
Oce&nitls -Wis, f, ada.ughicr of Oceanus, Verg. 



oceilus -i, m. (dim. of oculus), a little eye, 
Ov. ; fig., of something excellent, ocelli Italiae. 
villulae nostrae, Cic. 

ocior, ocius, adj. compar. (<1>kiwv), super!. 
OCiSSimus (iokiotos), swifter, quicker, more 
rapid ; ocior cervis, II or. ; ocior Euro, Hor. 

ocius, adv. (= wKe'iot), superL ocissime, 
more quickly, swiftly, rapidly ; facere, Cic. ; re- 
creari, Cic. ;"serius, ocius, sors exitura, sooner or 
later, Hor. 

Ocuus -i, in. ("Oki'os), the founder of Mantua. 
ocrea -ae, f. a metal greave y XeYg. 

ocreatus -a -urn (ocrea), wearing the ocrea, 
Hor. 

Ocresia -ae, f. mother of Servius Tullius. 

Ocriculum -i, n. a town in Umbria, on the' 
Tiber, now Otricoli. Hence, adj., Ocricii- 
lanus -a -tun, of or belonging to Ocriculum. 

octaphoros = octophoros (q.v.). 

Octavius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 
Hence, adj., Octavianus -a -um, Octarian; 
bellum, of Cn. Octavius with China, Cic. ; subst., 
Octavianus -i, m. name of the Emperor 
Augustus aj'tcr his adojition into the gens Julia. 

OCtavus -a -um (oeto), the eighth ; ager eflicit 
cum octavo, bears eight-fold, Cic; adv., octavum, 
for tlie eighth time, Liv. ; subst., octava -ae, f. 
(so. hora), the eighth hour, Juv. 

ootavusdecimus -a -um, the eighteenth, 
Tac 

octies, adv. (octo), eight times, Cic. 

OCtingenariuS -a -um (oetingeni), consist- 
ing of eight hundred, Varr. 

octingentesimus -a -um (octingenti), the 
eight hundredth, Cic. 

octingenti -ae -a (octo and centum), eight 
hundred, Cic. 

OCtipes -pSdis (octo and pes), having eight 
feet, Ov. 

octo (bicTu>), eight, Cic 

October -bris -bre, m. (ucto and suff. -brr), 
belonging tothe number eight; a, mensis October, 
the eighth month of the Roman year, reckoning 
from March, October; b, belonging to tlte mouth 
of October; Idus, Calendae, Cic. 

octodecim, nunicr. (octo and deceiu), 
eighteen, Liv. 

octogenarius -a -uui (o.ctogeiri), containing 
eighty, consisting of eighty, Pliii. 

OCtogeni -ae -a, eighty each, Liv. 

octogesimus -a-uro(octoginta)j tlieeightieih, 
Cic 

octogies, adv. eighty times, Cic. 

octoginta, numer. eighty, Cic. 

octojiigis -e (octo and juguin), yoked eight 
together ; tiansf., octojuges ad imperia obtinenda 
ire, eight together, Liv. 

octonarius -a -um (octoni), consisting oj 
eight, containing eight, Plin. 

octoni -ae -a (octo), eight each, Cnes. 

OCtdphCTOS -on (* oitTw^opo;), borne by four ; 
lectica octophoro ferri, Cic. Subst., octo- 
pbor8n -i, n. (1>ktw4>o(iov), a litter carried by 
eight bearers, Cic 

octuagies, octuaginta= octogies, octoginta 

(q.V.). 

octuplicatus -a -um (octuplus), increased 
eight-fold, Liv. 

OCtupluS -a -um (oktoitAoOs), eight-fold ; 
pars, Cic Subst., octuplum -i, n. an eight- 
fold i<enalty ; dnmiiavi octupli, CiCi 



oct 



379 



Oen 



octussis -is, in. (octo and as), eight asses, 
Hor. 

oculatus -<a -um (oeulus), having eyes; hence, 
1, testis, an eye-witness, Plant. ; 2, catching the 
eye, visible, Cic (!) 

dculeus -a -urn (oeulus), having many eyes, 
sharp-sighted ; Argus, 1'Iaut. 

oeulus -i, in. (dim. of OC -us, connected 
with ocrcrojaai, ocro-e), the eye. I. Lit., OCUloa 
amitterc, to lose one's sight, Caes. ; cadere sub 
oculis, Cic; esse in oculis, to be visible, Cic.; ante 
oculos ponere, proponere oculis, to set. before one's 
eyes, Cic. ; res posita in oculis, visible, Cic. ; ill 
oculis, before one's eyes, in one's presence, Cic. ; in 
oculis esse alicuius (alicui), to be loved by, Cic. ; 
so also aliquem in oculis ferre, to esteem highly, 
Cic. ; esse ante oculos, to be visible, Cic. II. 
Transf., a, of something highly prized or excel- 
lent, illos oculos orae marit'inae (Corinth and 
Carthage) effodere, Cic. ; b, the spot upon a 
panthers skin or a peacock's tail, 1'lin. ; c, ft biul 
or eye of a plant, Verg. 

odi, odisse, partic. fut., osfirus. I. to hate, 
detest; aliquem accrue, _ Cic. II. to dislike, be 
displeased with ; Persicos" apparatus, Hor, (perf., 
odivi, ap. Cic). 

odiose, adv. (odiosus), hatefully, odiously, 
Cic. 

odiosus -a -um (odium), hateful, odious, 
troublesome, irksome, vexatious, burdensome ; ora- 
tor, tedious, Cic. ; verbum, Cic. ; cupidis return 
talium odiosuin ct molestum est carere, it is 
annoying, unpleasant, Cic. 

odium -ii, n. (odi), hatred. I. Subject., a, 
odium in omnes, Cic; odium mulicruiit, to- 

irards women, Cic; Vestrum, towards you, Liv.; 
in odium alicuius irruere, to become hated by 
any one, Cic. ; odium est milii cum aliquo, I am 
at enmity with, Cic. ; esse odio alicui, to be hated 
by, Cic. ; in odio esse alicui or apud aliquem, 
to Itc hated by, Cic. ; odium saturare, to satisfy 
one's hatred, Cic. ; b, nieton., the object of hatred; 
Antoiiius insigne odium omnium hominum, 
Cic. II. Object., offensive conduct, expression of 
luttred; odiu et strcpitu scuatiiH coactus est 
perorarc, Cic. 

odor and odos -Oris, ni. (6£w, <>fyi>j), » smell, 
oilonr. I. 1, lit., Cic; csp., a, an. unpleasant 
smell, stench, stink; camera incultn, tcnebris, 
udore foeda, Ball.; b, re sweet smell, Verg. ; o, 
steam, vttponr ; insoliUis, Liv.; 2, transf., a scent, 
suspicion, inkling; presentiment ; dicta turae, Cic; 
urbanitatis, Cic; suspiciunis, Cic II, Melon., 
ptrfunu, incense; and in plur., perfumery, un- 
guents, spices ; incenderc odorcs, Cic 

odoratio -onis, f. (odoror), a smelling, smell, 
Cic 

1. odoratus -us, in. (odor), 1, a smell, 
smelling, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, the sense of smell, 
Cic. ; b, an odour, Plin. 

2. odoratus -a -um (odor), odorous, sweet- 
smelling ; cedrus, Verg. ; capilli, Hor. 

'3. odoratus -a -um, partic. of odoror. 

odorifer -fifra -feruin (odor and fero), 1, 

odoriferous, having a pleasant smell ; panacea, 
Verg. ; 2, producing perfumes ; gens, Ov. 

odoro, 1. (odor), to make odorous; odorant 
atra fiiniis, Ov. 

odoror, 1. dep. (odor). I. to smell; a, to 

examine by smell; aliquid, Plant.; b, to scent, 
smell ; cibum, Hor. II. Transf., a, to snuff' at, 
■nose (as a dog); to aim at, aspire to; quos odorari 
liunc decemviratum siispicamini, Cic. ; b, to 
search into, truck out, investigate ; quid sentiant, 
Cic. ; c, only to smell of, to have the slightest 
smattering of ; uliilosophiam. Tac. 



odorus -a -um (odor), 1, having a pleasant 
smell, sweet-smelling, odorous ; tins, Ov. ; 2, keen.' 
scented, tracking to/ smell; odora canum vis, 
Verg. 

odos = odor(q.v.). 

Odrysao -arum, m. ('OSpv'crai), a people of 
Thrace; hence, adj., Odrysius -a -um, poet. 
= Thracian. 

Odyssea -ae, f. ('OiWaeia), 1, the Odyssey, 
a poem by Homer; 2, Odysseae portus, a pro- 
mcAUory in the south of Sicily. 

Oea -ae, f. a town in Africa, now Tripoli. 
Hence, adj., Oeensis -e, of or belonging to Oea. 

Oeagrus -i, in. (Otaypo?), a mythical king of 

Thrace, father of Orpheus; hence, adj., Oeagrius 
-a -um, poet. = Thracian. 

Oebalus -i, in. (Oi/3a\os), a king of Sparta, 
father of 1'yndarus, grandfather of Helen. Hence, 
A. Ocballdes -ae, m. a descendant of Oebalus 
= a Spartan; puer, Hyacinthus, Ov. ; plur., 
Oebalidac, Castor and Pollux, Ov. B. Oeballs 
-Wis, f. relating to Oebalus; nympha, Helen, Ov.; 
matres, Sabine, as the Sabines were supposed 
to be descended from the .Spartans, Ov. C. 
Oebalius -a -um, relating to Oebalus ; vulnus, 
of Hyacinthus, Ov. ; Oebalia -ae, f. Tarentuni 
(colonised from Sparta), Verg. 

Oechalia -ae, f. (OlxaKCa), town in Euboea, 
residenccofEurytus, father oflole. Hence, Oech- 
&llS -idis, f. Oechalian. 

Oecleus -Pi, m. (OixAcvs), Jiither of Amphi- 
a raus. Hence, Oecliides -ac, in. son of Oecleus 
= A mphiaraus. 

oeconomlous -a -um (olxoiofiiicos), relating 
to domestic economy. Subst., Oeconomicus 
-i, m. title of a book by Xenophon, Cic. 

Oedipus -pMis, m. (OiSiTrovs), king of Thebes, 
sou of Laius and Jocasta, fated to kill his fattier 
and to espouse his mother; knownas having solved 
the riddle of the Theban Sphynx: prov., Davns 
sum, non Oedipus, / am no Oedipus to unriddle 
riddles, Ter. Hence, Ocdipodionius -a -uin, 
Oedipodean, Ov. 

Oeneus -ei or .-Son, m. (Otpeus), king if 
Aelolia or f.'alydon, father of Meleager, Tydcus 
and Deianira ; hence, A. Ooncius -a -um and 
Oeneus -a -um, relating to Oeneus; agri, 
Aelplia, Ov. B. Oonidcs -ae, lit. son of 
Oeneus, Meleager; also T>iomedes, sou of Tydevs, 
grandson of Oeneus, Ov. 

Oenomaus -i, ml (Oij-o^aos), king in Ells, 
father of llippodamia, grandfather of Atreus and 
Thyestes. 

Ocnone -es, f. (Ouwij), « Phrygian nymph, 
daughter of the rirer-god Cebrenus, beloved and 
afterwards deserted by Paris. 

oenophorum -i, n. (ol vofyopov), a basket or 
hamper for wine, Hor. 

Oeuopla -ae, 1'. (Oiron-ia), the island after- 
wards ccdlcil Aegina. Hence, adj., Oenopius 
-a -um, relating to Oenopia. 

Oonopion -onis, m. (plvoniuir), king in 
Chios, father of Merope. 

oenopolium -i, n. (<nw>irw\tio»')i a wineshop, 
tavern, Plant. 

Oenotria -ae, f. (OlvwTpia), old name ofjhe 
south-east part of Italy ; hence, adj., Oenotriu? 
-a -um and Oenotrus -a -um, Oenotrian ; 
nieton., Italian, Roman. 

1. oenus = unus (q.v.). 

'.'. Oenus, ace. -unta, in. u river inlAKO'iia, 
falling into the i'urotej, 



oes 



3S0 



Ol 



oestrus -i, m. (o'trrpos), the gadfly, horsefly, 

breeze, Verg. 

oesus = usus (q.v.). 

oesypum -i, n. (.huutto?), the fat and dirt of 
unwashed woo!, Plin. ; hence, a cosmetic, used by 
Roman ladies, prepared Jrovi it, Ov. 

■ Oeta -ae, f. ami Oete -€s, f. (Omj), the 
mountain-chain between Thessaly and Macedonia, 
where Hercules burnt himself; hence, adj., 
Oetaeus -a -urn, Oetean; dons, Prop., and 
simply, Oetaeus, Hercules, Ov. 

6 fella -ae, f. (dim. of olfa as mantilla of 
nianinia), a bit, morsel, Juv. 

offa -ae, f. I. a bit, morsel, esp., a ball or 
pellet of flour; pultis, Cic. II. Transf., a, a 
piece, lump; gummi in oflas convolutum, Hin.; 
hence, a swelling, Juv. ; b, an untimely birth, 
abortion, Juv. 

offendo -fendi -fensum, 3. (ob and *fendo). 
I. Intransit., to strike, knock, dash against. A. 
Lit, 1, qui in tantis tenebris nibil offendat, 
Cic; 2, to suffer damage; naves in redeundo 
offenderunt, Caes. B. Transf., a, to make a 
mistake; si quid offenderit, Cic; b, to offend 
against a ]>erson ; si in me aliquid ofl'enditis, 
Cic. ; c, to come into danger, suffer reverse ; apud 
judices, to be condemned, Cic II. Transit., to 
strike, knock against something. A. Lit., 1, 
caput, Liv. ; 2, a, to hit -upon a person, fall in 
with, come vpon; aliquem imparatum, to come 
■upon unawares, surprise, Cic; b, to injure; 
latua vehementer, Cic. B. Transf., to offend, 
displease; aliquem or alicuius aninium, Cic; 
snimuin in aliquo, to feel hurt by some one, Cic ; 
eos splendor otl'endit, Cic. ; partic, offensns 
-a -tun, a, injured, hurt ; ofleiisus animus, Cic. ; 
b, repulsive ; civibus, Cic; subst., ofifensum 
-i, i>. something causing offence, Cic. 

offensa -ae, f. (offendo). I. Lit., a striking 
against, knocking against, Plin. II. dislike, 
hatred, enmity, affront, injury ; magna in oflelisa 
sum apud Pompeium, Cic. ; oflensas vindicet 
ciise suas, Ov. 

offensio -onis, f. (offendo), a stril. ing against, 
hitting against. I. a, lit., pedis, a stumbling, 
Cic. ; b, iiietoii., that against whvih nne stumbles, 
a stiunhling-block, Cic II. 1, indisposition, 
complaint; corporuui, Cic; 2, a, hatred, enmity, 
disfavour, aversion; in alicuius ofleiisioiicni 
caclere, Cic. ; effugerc alicuius offensionem, Cic; 
b, defeat, loss, misfortune ; offensioncm timere, 
Cic 

offonsiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of offensio), 1, a 
slight offence, displeasure, Cic. ; 2, a slight failure, 
Cic 

offenso, 1. (intens. of Offendo), to strike, dash 
against ; capita, Liv. 

1. offensus -a-um, partic. of offensns. 

'J. offensus -us, in. (offendo), 1, a dashing 
against, a shock, Lucr. ; 2, offence, dislike, Lucr. 

offero, obtuli, oblatum, offerrc (oband fero), 
to carry or bring to, place before, present, produce, 
offer. I. Lit.,aciem strictam vcuiciitibiis, Verg.; 
os Buum non modo ostendere, sed etiara offeree, 
Cic; reflex., se ofTerre, to present oneself, up- 
pear; pass.,offerri, to present oneself , offer one^^lf, 
appear; multis in dilncillimis rebus praesens 
auxiliuin eius uuniinis oblatum est, Cic. II. 
Transf., a, to offer, erpoze; nos perieulis sine 
<.'">a, Cic ; sf morti, Caes. ; se ad mortem pro 
patria, Cic; vitam iu discriiucn, Cic; b, to 
(id, hue, bring forward ; criinina, Cic ; c, to offer, 
proffer; alicui operam suam, Liv. ; d, to cause, 
occasion ; alicui beneflcium, Cic; stuprum alicui, 
Cic ; mortem ^licqi, Cic. 

offlcina -$e, f. (= opiflcina, fiom opifox), a 



workshop, manufactory, in which any handicraft- 
Is carried on ; amiorum, a manufactory if arms, 
Caes. ; Hg., a workshop, Udtoratory :' falsoruui 
coniinciitaiioruin et chirographoriiiii oRicina, 
Cic; discendi, Cic ; nequitiae, sapieutiae, Cic. 

officio -feci -fectum, 3. (oband facio), to he 
ill the way of, impede, hinder. A. Lit., with 
dat., alicui apricanti, to stand between any one 
and the sun, Cic. ; ipsa umbra terme soli 
officiens, coming before the sun, Cic B. Transf., 
/" hinder, obstruct, be in the -way of, to injure; 
meis commodis, Cic; consiliis alicuius, ball.; 
ollieiunt laetis frugibus lierbae, Vert;. 

officiose, adv. (ofliciosus), obligingly, court- 
eously ; hoc facere, Cic; sed ilia ofticiosius, 
Cic. 

officiOSUS -a -um (officillin), obliging, court- 
eous, attentive, kind, respectful (especially used of 
the behaviour of inferiors to superiors); 1, 
homo, Cic ; in aliquem, Cic. ; 2, dutiful, con- 
formable to duty ; dolor, Cic ; labores, Cic 

Officium -ii, n. (perhaps for opi(icium). 

I. duty, obligation, service, part. A. esse in 
officio, Cic ; otlicio fungi, to do one's duty, Cic ; 
officium praestare, Caes. ; officio suo deesse, to 
fail in one's duty, Cic B. subjection, allegiance; 
in officio continere, Cic II. dutiful action. A. 
lneorum officiorum conscientia, Cic B. 1, re- 
spect, courtesy, deference; homo suiumo officio 
praeditus, Cic ; 2, attention, complaisance, 
friendly service ; a, illius in ulluiu ordinem 
otlicia, Cic. ; b, ceremony, attendance on. some 
- ilemn occasion, service of honour ; nrbana otlicia 
alicui praestare, ap. Cic ; otlicio togae virilis 
interfui, / was present at the ceremony of taking 
the toga virilis, Plin. ; suprema in aliquem 
otlicia, the last offices, the ceremony of interment, 
Tac; so officium triste, Ov.; 3, service, business, 
official employment; toti officio maritinio M. 
Bibulus praepositus, over the whole naval service, 
Cic. ; confecto legationis officio, Cic. 

offlg'O -lixi -ftxuin, 3. (ob and Ago), to fix in, 
fasten; ita densos offigunt iinplicantque lames, 
Liv. 

Offlrmate, adv. (offinnatus), firmly, obstin- 
ately, Suet. 

offu matus -a -um (offinno), firm, steadfast, 
obstinate, Cic 

offirmo, 1. (ob and finiio), to make firm, to 
fasten; transf., to make resolute, sleadfast; nu 
lam offirnia te, don't be so obstinate, Tcr. 

oflucia -ae, f. (ob and fucus), 1, paint, rouge, 
riant. ; 2, transf., deceit, deception, Plant. 

Offulgeo -fulsi, 2. (ob and fulgeo), to shine 
ujmn, appear ; nova lux oculis offulsit, Verg. 

offundo -ffldi -fflsum, 3. (ob and fundo). I. 

to pour before, pour around, pour out. A. Lit., 
Plaui. B. Transf., pass., offundi, to be poured 
out, to be poured round, to be spread around ; 
nobis aev crassus offunditur, surrounds vs, Cic ; 
tig., si quid tciiebraruni otfudit cxsilium, Cic; no 
nimium terroris offiindam, Liv. ; omnium reruin 
terrorem oculis auribusque est oH'usus, Liv. 

II. to spread over, to cover, conceal; obsctiratur 
et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae, Cic. ; 
fig., ofl'usus pavore, Tac. 

oggannio -ivi and -ii -itum, 4. (ob and 
gannio), to yelp, growl at, Plaut. 

Ogyges -is, m. ('nyiVt?). " mythical king of 
Thebes. Hence, 6g^gius-a-um, Theban; dens, 
Bat <h us, Ov. 

oh, iuterj. oh! ah .' Plaut. 

ohe, interi. ho! holloa! Plant. 

oho, iuterj. oho! aha! Plaut. 

o|, ip.terj. oh ! an exclamation of pain, Tor. 



Oil 



381 



omn 



OlleilS -6i aiid -Sos, 111. ('Oi'Aeus), king of 
Locris, father of Ajnx (wlio was also called Ajux 
Oileus). 

Olbia -ae, f. ('OA^ia), a town' on the cast coast 
of Sardinia. Hence, adj., Olbiensis -e, Olbian. 

6lea -ae, f. (dAai'a), 1, the olire, the fruit of the 
olive-tree, Van-. ; 2, the olive-tree, Cic. 

61eagineus (oleaginus) a -rnn (olea), 
of or relating to the dire-free, Nep. 
olearlus -a -tun (oleum), of or belonging to 

oil ; rella, Cic. 

Olearus (-6s) and OUaros -i, f. ('fMsapos), 
one of the islands of the Sporadts, now Anti- 
pa ros. 

oleaster tri, in. (olea), the wild olive-tree, 
Verg. 

dlens -entis, p. adj. (from oleo), smelling ; 
hence, a, fragrant, sweet-smelling, Ov. ; b, baa- 
smelling, stinking, fetid, Verg. 

Olenus (-6s) -i, f. ("fiAevo?). I. a town in 
Achaia. II. a town in Aetolia. Hence, Olenitis 
-a -u m = A cluiian ; capella or pecus, the goat of 
Amalthea, Ov. 

Oleo, 61 ui, 2. (cf. ofu), odor). I. to emit an 
odour, smell. A. bene, Cic. ; with aid., sulfure, 
Ov. ; with ace, crocmn, to smell of, Oic. ; nihil, 
Cic. B. Fig., to smell of, to savour of, to smack 
of; nihil ex Academia, Cic. ; malitiam, Cic. II. 
to be revealed or be betrayed by smell ; quid, illud 
lion olet, unde sit, quod dieitur " cum illis?" Cic. 
6leum -i, n. (eAatoi') olire-oil, oil; instillare 
oleum ininini, Cic ; prov., oleum et opeiam 
perdere, to lose, tune and trouble., Cic. ; nitidum 
(pioddam genus est verlioruin et laetuin Bed 
palaestrae magis et olei, etc., shows signs of too 
much effmt (from the oil used in the palaestra 
by wrestlers), Cic. 

olfacio -feci -factum, 3. (oleo and facio), to 

smell. A. lAt., ea quae gustainus, Cic. B. Fig., 

to scent out, trace, by snu ", detect; nuinmuiu, Cic 

olfacto, 1. (intens. of olfacio), to smell at, 

smell, Plaut. 

olidus -a -una (oleo), smelling, emitting an 
odour; capra, stinking, fetid, Hor. 

olim, adv. (from ollus, old Lat. for ille), I. 
A. Of tlie past, formerly, once, upon a time, in 
times past ; qui milii dixit olim, Cic. B. Of the 
future, hereafter, at a future time ; non, si male 
nunc, et olim sic erit, Hor. ; utinam coram 
tecum olim potius qttam per epistolas, Cic. 
II. at times, often; ttt pueris olim dantcrustula 
blandi doctores, Hor. 

olitor -Tiris, m. (olus), cultivator of pot-herbs. 
kitchen-gardener, Cic. 

olitorius -a -um (olitor). of or relating to 
culinary herbs ; forum, vegetable market, Liv. 

oliva -ae, f. I. the olive. Hor. II. the olive- 
tree. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., 1, an olive- 
branch, Hor.; 2, a staff of olive-tree wood, Ov. 

olivetum -i, n. (oliva), a place -planted with 
olives, olive-garden, Cic. 

olivifer -ffira -fSrum (oliva and fero), olive- 
bearing, Verg., Ov. 

olivum -i, n. (oliva), 1, olive-oil, oil, Verg. ; 
2, oil fur anointing, unguent, Cat. 

Olla -ae, f. (orig. ola = aula), rut earthenware 
jar or pot, Cic. 

ollus, olle, obsolete form of ille -a -ud 
(q.v.). 

6lo, 3.= oleo (q.v.). 

olor -oris, m. a sunn, Hor. 

olorinug -a -um (olor), of or relating to a 
swan, Verg. 



-oris, n. any kind <>f culinary 
Hor. 



olus (holus) 

vegetable, pot-hero, 

olusculum -i, ii. (dim. of olus), a herb, veget- 
able, Cic. 

Olympia -ae, f. ('OAufiwia), a holy city and 
territory in Klis, -where stood the temple of Jupiter 
Olympius, and Where the Olympic games were 
celebrated. Hence, adj., A. 6lympTacU8 -a 
-um, Olympian. B. 6lympiouu -a -um, Olym- 
pian. C. dlymplus-a-um, Olympian. Subst., 
Olympium -li, n. the temple of Jupiter Olymp- 
ius, Liv. ; dlympia oruin, n. the Olympic 
games, Cic. D. dlympias -adis, f. an 
Olympiad or period of four years, elapsing between 
each celebration of the Olympic games, Cic. £. 
Olyrnpionlcea -ae, m.(OAufi7noi'iK7);), a victor 
at Olympia, Cic. 

1. dlympias, v. Olympia. 

2. dlympias -adis, f. ('OAu/A7ucis), daughter 
of Neoptolcmus, king in Epirus, mother of Alex- 
ander the Great. 

Olympus (-6s) -i, m. ('Okvunos). I. m. 
A. a mountain on the borders of Macedonia and 
Thessaly, supposed to be the habitation of the 
gods; poet.= heaven, Verg. B. a celebrated 
flute-player, the. pupil of Marsyas. II. f. a town 
of Lycia on the Mount Olympus there. Hence, 
Olympeni -drum, in. the inhabitants oj 
Olympus. 

Olynthus (-6s) -i, f. ("OAvido?), town in 
Chalcidice, on the. borders of Macedonia, Hence, 

adj., OlynthluE -a -um, Olynthian. 

omasum -i, n. bullocks' tripe ; transf., pingui 
tcutus omaso, with fat jiaumh., Hor. 

omen -Inis, 11. an omen, sign, augury, pro- 
gnostication. I. Lit., A. hisee oininibits pro- 
ticiseere, Cic; ire secundo oinine, in God's name, 
Hor.; omen avertere, to avert a>i omen, Cic, 
accipere, to accept, Cic. B. a wish, as a good 
omen ; optima omina, Cic. II. Meton., that 
which is accompanied by auspices; 1, prima 
omina = miptiae, Verg. ; 2, a solemn usage, Verg. 

omentum -i, n. (= ob-mentum, connected 
with opimus), the entrails, bowels, Juv. 

ominor, 1. dep. (omen). I. to augur, pre- 
sage, prophesy, predict ; malo alienae quain 
nostrae reipublicae ominari, Cic. II. to speak 
words of (good or bad) omen ; ominari horreo, 
Liv. 

ominosus -a -um (omen), foreboding, omin- 
ous, Plin. 

omissus -a -um, p. adj. (from omitto), neg- 
lectful, remiss, Ter. 

omitto -mlsi -missum, 3. (= ommitto, from 
ob and mitto), to let go, let alone, let fall. I. 
Lit., anna, Liv.; habenas, Tac. II. Transf., 

A. to give up, lay aside, leave off; pietatcin et 
humanitatem, to put on one side, Cic; timorem 
Cic; with infin., to cease; omittat urgere, Cic 

B. Of discourse, to leave unmentioned, to omit; 
ut haec omittain, Cic. ; de reditu, Cic 

omnifer -ffira -ferum (omnis and fero), bear- 
ing everything, all-bearing, Ov. 

omnigena -ae, genit. plur., -flin, c. (omnia 
and genus), of all sorts; omiiigenum deuin inou- 
stra, Verg. 

omnigenus -a -um (= omne genus), of all 
kinds, Lucr. 

omnimodis, adv. (omnis and modus), in 
every way, wholly, entirely, Lucr. 

omnino, adv. (omnis), altogether, entirely, 
wholly, totally. I. quum senatoriis muneribus 



oinn 



:is2 



Oph 



ant omnino ant magna ex parte essem iiberatus, 
Cic. ; esp., a, in general, especially ; tie hominum 
genere aut omnino de auiinalibus loquor, Cic. ; 
b, in all, in the total ; quinquc omnino fnenint, 
Cic. II. utterly, entirely, at all ; lleri omnino 
neges, Cic. ; esp., a, with snperl., miserrima est 
omnino ambitio, Cic; b, with negatives, is 
omnino serviifl in familia crat, Cic. III. In con- 
cessive clauses foil, by sed = certainly . . . but; 
pugnas omnino sed cum adversario faeili, Cic. 

onnipircns -entis (omnis and parous), 
all -producing, all-bearing ; terra, Verg. 

omnipotens -entis (omnis and potens), al- 
mighty, all-powerful , omnipotent, Verg. 

omnis -e, all. I. Of number, A. omnis 
fortuna, Cic. ; leges aliae omhes, Cic. ; subst., 
omnes, all men, Cic. ; omne, everything, Cic. ; 
so omnia, Cic. ; omnia facere, to ilo whatever is 
possible, Cic. ; omnia mill i sunt cum aliquo, / 
am quite, in agreement with, Cic; sic in eo sunt 
omnia, everything depends upon that, Cic ; per 
omnia, in every respect, Liv. ; ante omnia, espe- 
cially, Liv. B. a, each, every, all; omnis 
amans, every lover, Ov. ; omnibus mensibus, 
Cic. ; b, of all kinds; olus omne, Hnr. ; omnibus 
precibus petere, Cic II. the whole ; Gallia omnis, 
Caes. ; non omnis moriar, not entirely, Hor. ; 
sanguinem suum oinnem eH'underc, Cic. 

omnitiiens -entis (omnis and tueor), all- 
seeing, all-beholding, Lucr. 

omnivagrus -a -um (omnis and vagus), wan- 
dering everywhere, Cic. 

omnivdlus -a -um (omnis and volo), all- 
willing, all-wishing, Cat. 

Omphale -es, f. ('O/x^riAt;), a queen of Lydia, 
wliom, Hercules served in woman's dress. 

onager and onagrus -i, >n. the wild ass, 
Verg. 

OJierariu.s -a -um (onus), of or relating to 
freight, burden, etc. ; jumenta, beasts of burden, 
Liv. Snbst., onCraria -ae, f. a mercMnt or 
transport ship, Cic. 

5nero, 1. (onus). I. to load, pack, freight, 
burden with anything. A. Lit., 1, naves, Caes.; 
2, a, to burden, trouble, tire, oppress, weigh 
down; aures lapillis, Ov. ; hostes (saxie), Liv.; 
b, to cover ; ossa aggere tcrrae, Verg.; c, to load, 
fill ; mensas dapibus, to load the tables with 
victuals, Verg. ; manus jaculis, Verg. B. Fig., 
1, to load, burden, oppress, overwhelm. ; aliquem 
mendaeiis, Cic. ; judicem argninentis, Cic ; 2, 
a, to weary, tire; aethera votis, Verg.; b, to 
overwhelm; aliquem contumeliis, Cic; in agood 
sense, aliquem laudibus, Liv.; c, to make move 
burdensome, to aggravate; curas, Tac ; inopiam 
alicuius, Liv. II. to put into a cask, vessel, etc; 
vina cadis, Verg. 

oncrosus -a -um (onus). T. heavy, burden- 
some; praeda, Verg. II. Fig., troublesome ; 
onerosior altera sors est, Ov. 

OilUS -eris, n. a hud, burden, freight. I. A. 
Lit., merces atque onera, Cic. B. Transf., amy 
kind of burden, weight; tnnti oneris turriin in 
inuros col locale, Caes. II. Fig., A. weight, 
burden, troidile, charge ; onori esse, to be, burden- 
some, Sail., Liv. ; plus oneris sustuli quam ferre 
me posse intelligo, Cic. B. Esp., a public bur- 
den, tax, charge; his temporibus hoc miiui- 
cipium maximis oneribus pressum, Cic. ; hacc 
omnia in dites a panperibus inclinata onera, 
Liv. 

onustUS -a -um (onus), laden, loaded, freighted. 
I. Lit.,asellus onnstusauro, Cic. ; naves onustae 
fnimento, Cic II. full, filled ; onusti cibo et 
vino, Cic. ; pharetra onusta telis, Tac. 

5nyx -ychis (6rvf). I, in, A. « kind of 



yellowish marble, nny.c, from which many articles 
of luxury were made, Plin. B. Meton., a box 
ov casket of onyx, Hor. II. f. a precious stone of a 
yellowish colour, onyx, Plin. III. a shell-fish, 
Plin. 

opacitas -atis, f. (opacus), <; shade, shadi- 
ncss ; arborum, Tac. 

cpaco, 1. (opacus), to shade, overshadow • 

locum, Cic 

opacus -a -um. I. Pass., shaded, shady. A. 
Lit., ripa, Cic. ; neut. subst., per opaea locorum, 
shady places, Verg. B. Transf., dark, shadowy, 
obscure; nox, Verg.; mater, the earth, Verg. 
II. Act., casting a shade, shading, shady; arbor, 
Verg. 

opalus -i, m. a precious stone, the opal, PJin. 

opella -ae, f. (dim. of opera), a. little wprk t 
little labour, trouble, service, Lucr., Hor. 

opera -ae, f. (1. opus), trouble, pains, effort, 
exertion. I. Lit., A. Gen., laborem et operant 
in aliqua re consumere, Cic ; opcrain tribuerc 
rcipublicae, devote, oneself to, Cic; operam dare 
alicni rci, to work hard at, Cic; operam diire, 
with ut or ne and the subj., to do one's best to, 
etc., Cic. ; non operae est, with infm., it is not 
worth the while, Liv. B. Esp., a serrirr, 
doing service; Cn. Ponipeius, qui est in nperis 
eius socictatis, wlio is in the service of that 
company, Cic; Musis operas reddere, to serve the 
Muses, Cic II. 1, time for work ; deest mihi 
opera, Cic. ; 2, a day-labourer, workman, gen. 
in plur.; operae fabrorum, Cic; sometimes in 
a contemptuous sense, mercenaries, hired assist- 
ants, Cic ; operae theatrales, the claqueurs, Tac. 

operarius -a -um (opera), of or relating to 
work ;_ homo, a day-labourer, Cic. Subst., 
dpSrarlus -ii, m. a day-labourer, workman; 
tiansf., qnidam operarii lingua celeri etexereitat a 
(of bad orators), Cic. 

operculum -i, n. (operio), a lid, cover, Cic; 
operculum dolii ferreum, Liv. 

operirnentum -i, n. (operio), a cover, cover- 
ing, Cic. 

operio -perui -pertum, 4. (ob and pario). I. 
to cover. A. 1, gen., amplioras auro, Nep. ; 2', 
esp., a, to cover with a garment, esp. with a 
toga ; capita operto esse, Cic ; b, to corer with 
earth, to bury ; reliquias malae pugnae, Tac. B. 
Fig., 1, to cover, loud ; judicia operta dedecore, 
Cic. ; 2, to cover, conceed; res opertae, Cic II. 
to close, shut up ; operta lectlca latus est, Cic. 

operor, 1. dep. (opus), to work, labour, he. 
busied, occupied with ; followed by dsrt. of the 
occupation, 1, connubiis arvisque novis; Verg. ; 
materiis caedendis, Tac. ; 2, esp.. to be engaged in 
worship; sacris, Liv. ; with dat. of deity, to 
worship, sacrifice; deo, Tib. ; absol., to worship, 
sacrifice ; laetis operatus in arvis, Verg. 

dperose, adv. (operosus), laboriously, care- 
fully, Cic , 

6pcr6sus -a -um (opera), laborious, pains- 
taking, industrious. I. Lit., a, senec.tus, Cic. ; 
c.olonus, Ov. ; b, of medicines, active, powerful ; 
herba, Ov. II. that which causes much Idbonror 
trouble, laborious, toilsome, difficidt ; artes, Cic ; 
moles mundi, Ov. ; Carolina, Hor. 

opertudl -i, n. (operio), a secret place. I. 
Ponae Peae, Cic II. a secret ; operta Apollinis, 
the mysterious oracles of Apollo, Cic. 

opes v. ops. 

6phl6ll -onis, m. ('0<jnwv), father ofAmycus; 

hence, Ophionides -ae, in. son of Ophion = 
Amyous. 

6phiuchus -i, m. ('0</uov,\o<% the snake- 
holder, a constellation, Cic 



Oph 



S8H 



opp 



Ophlusa -ae, f. (0<j>iovtTa), old name of the 
Island of Cyprus. Hence, Ophiusius -a -urn, 
Ophiusian — Cypriote. 

Opicus -a -urn, Oscan ; transf., stupid, foolish, 
silly, clownish, Juv. 

opifer -18ra -ferum (ops and fero), helpful, 
rendering help; deus (of Aesculapius), Ov. 

opifex -flcis, c. (opus and facio), 1, a worker, 
frame,; fabricator; miuuli, Cic; vcrborum, Cic; 
2, a workman, artificer, artisan, Cic. ; opitices 
atque servitia, Sail. 

opif icina = officina (q.v.). 

opilio and upillo -onis, m. (for ovilio, from 
ovis), a shepherd, Veig. 

opime, adv. (opiums), richly, splendidly, 
riant. 

opimitas -atis, f. (opiums), sumptuousuess, 
splendour, riaut. 

opiums -a -uin (ops). L Act, fruitful, fer- 
tile; ager, regio, Cic. II. Pass., well-fed, fat. 

A. a, lit., bos, Cic. ; habitus corporis, Cic. ; b, 
Iig., of speecb, -overloaded; genus dictionis, Cic. 

B. Transf., a, enriched, wealthy; b, splendid, 
sumptuous, abundant, ricft, copious, Verg.; praada, 
Cic; dapes, Verg.; esp., spolia opima, the spoils 
taken from the enemy's general when slain by the 
commander of the army himself, Liv. 

opinabilis -e (opinor), founded upon con- 
jecture, conjectural, Cic. 

opinxtio -onis, f. (opinor), a supposing, sup- 
■position, conjecture, Cic. 

opinator -oris, in. (opinor), one who supposes 
or conjectures, Cic. 

1. opinatus -a nm, p. adj. (from opinor), 
conjectured, supposed, fancied ; bonum, Cic. 

2. opinatus -us, m (opinor), a conjecture, 
supposition, Lucr. 

opinio -onis, f. (opinor), an opinion, con- 
jecture, supposition, belief, imagination. I. Gen., 
with subj. genit., opinione vulgi, Cic. ; with obj. 
genit., opinio eius diei, Cic. ; with de, opinio de 
dis immortalibus, Cic. ; adducere aliquem in 
opinionem ut pntet, etc., Cic. ; magna nobis 
pueris opinio rait, with ace. and intin., Cic; 
ut opinio nostra est (fert), in my opinion, Cic. ; 
praeter opinionem, contrary to expectation, Cic. ; 
celerius opinione, quicker than was expected, Cic. 
II. A. 1, good opinion, favourable judgment ; 
opinione nonnulhl, quam de nieis moribus habe- 
bat, Cic. ; 2, a, a good name, reputation ; propter 
eximiarn opinionem virtutis, Caes. ; b, a, bad 
■name, notoriety, Liv. B. fame, report; quae 
opinio erat edita in valgus, Liv. 

dpiniOSUS -a -nm (opinio), full of conjectures 
or suppositions, Cic. 

opinor, 1. dep. (from opiuus in nec-opinus, 
from root OP, connected with l>4>6f\vai, onwa), 
to be of opinion, opine, believe, thinl;, suppose; 
me in provinciam exituruin, Cic. ; de vobis non 
secus ac de tetcrrimis hostibus opinatur, Cic. ; 
nt opinor (in a parenthesis), as I hold, Cic. 

opipare, adv. (opiparus), splendidly, sump- 
tuously ; opipare apparatum conviviuni, Cic. 

opiparus -a -uin (opes and paro), splendid, 
sumptuous, Plaut. 

1. Opis -is, ace. -lui, f. ('flirts), auymph in the 
train of Diana. 

2. Opis, v. 1. Ops. " 

opitulor, 1. dep. (ops and tnlo = fero), to 
help, aid, assist; sontibus, Cic. 
opium -ii, n. (owiov), opium, Plin. 

oportet -tflit, 2. impers. it behoves, is need- 
ful, proper, it must be, ought to le ; foil, by the 



subj. alone, by the ace and lufin., by the infln., 
hoc fieri et oportet et opus est, Cic ;■ exsteni 
oportet vestigia, Cic. ; absol., quidquid veto lion 
licet, certe non oportet, Cic. 

oppedo, 3. (op ami pedo), to mock, insult ; 
Jildaeis.-Hor. 

opperior •pertns and (more rarely) -pfiritQs 
sum, 4. (root PP^R, whence cxperioA to wait. 
L Intransit., to wait ; ibidem, Cic. II. Transit., 
to expect ; agmen peditum, Liv. ; abi intro, ibi me 
opperire, Ter. 

oppeto -ivi and -H -itum, 3. (ob and poto), to 
go tomeet, encounter (especially an evil) ; pestem, 
Plaut.; mortcni, to die, Cic; or simply pppetere, 
Verg. 

oppldanus.-a -uin(oppidum). of or belonging 
to a town (except Rome, of which iirbanus was 
used), belonging to a small town; in a contempt- 
uous sense, provincial ; senex, Cic ; genus 
dicendi, Cic. ; subst., oppidani -Ortini, in. the 
■inhabitants of a town, Caes. 

oppidatim, adv. (oppiduin), in the towns, in 
all the towns, Suet. 

oppido, adv. very, very much, exceedingly; 
ridiculus, Cic; pauci, Cic ; in answers, certainly, 
Plant. 

oppidulum -i, n. (dim. of oppiduin), a little 
tovjn, Cic. 

oppidum -i, n. (perhaps from ob and PED, 
whence Or. irt&ov, im-ped-ire, etc.), a town 
(urbs generally used for Rome); a, oppiduin 
pervetus in Sicilia, Cic. ; sanguine per triduum 
in oppido (in town— in Home), pluisse, Liv.; 
with genit. of the name of the town, in oppido 
Antiochiae, Cic ; b, o fortified wood in Britain, 
Caes. 

oppignero, 1. (ob and pignero), to pledge, 
pawn, give in pledge; libellos pro vino, Cic. 

oppilo, 1. (ob and pilo), to stop up, close up, 
block up ; scalas tabernae librariae, Cic. 

oppleo -plevi -pletum, 2. (ob and pleo), to 
fdl, fill up, I. Lit., nives omnia oppleverant, 
Liv." II. Transf., nam vetus haec opinio Grae- 
ciam opplevit, Cic. 

oppono -pdsui -pSsitum (-postiim, Lucr.), 3. 

Sob and i)ono), to put or place opposite, before. 
'.. Lit., A. oculis manus.Ov. ; luna subjecta 
atqne opposita soli, Cic. B. to place against or 
in the way of for protection; a, omnes corpora 
nostra opponimus, Cic. ; b, moles oppositae 
fluctibus, Cic. ; se alicui, Caes. II. Transf., 1, 
to pledge against, mortgage for ; ager oppositus 
est pignori ob decern ininas, Ter. ; 2, to expose ; 
se periculis, Cic. ; 3, to allege as an objection, to 
oppose, op]x>se in argument ; a, alicui nonien, 
valetudinem ulicuius, Cic. ; b, to place one thing 
against unotlier in the way of comparison, to con- 
trast ; nunc omni virtuti vitium contrario nomine 
opponitur, Cic. 

opportune, adv. {opportunus), opportunely, 
seasonably, fitly, conveniently; opportune adesse, 
Cic. 

opportunitas -atis, f. (opportnnus), con- 
venience, fitness, appropriateness, suitableness. I. 
loci, 'Caes. II. a, a fit time, right season, oj>- 
porttinitu ; divina, Cic; opportunitates ad 
cultum hoininum, Cic. ; b, a fit state of the fcorf;/ 
or mind ; corporis, Cic. ; c, an advantage, Cic ; 
opportunitate sliqua data, Caes. 

opportunus -a -nm (oband POR-o, PORT-o, 
whence also portus, porta), op)K>rtune, fit, suit- 
able, appropriate, favourable. I. A. Lit., loca, 
Sail. B. Transf., a, of time, suitable, favour- 
able : tempus, Cic; b, of nature, serviceable, 
useful; (a) of things, with dat. of object, ceterae 
res opportunae sunt singulae rebus fere singulis 



opp 



884 



op a 



Cic; (/8) of persons, suitable; homines, Sail. II. 
exposed to, liable to; liuic eruptioni, Li v. ; in- 
juriae, Sail. 

oppositlo -onis, f. (oppono), opposivg, op- 
position, Cic. 

1. oppSsitus -a -um, p. adj. (from oppono), 
opposed, opposite, standing against; Buthrotum 
opposttum Corcyrae, Caps. 

2. oppo3ltU8 -fls, m. (oppono), a placing, 
setting against or opposite, inteiposition, Cic. 

oppressio -onis, f. (opptimo). I. a pressing 
dacn, oppression ; legum et libertatis, Cic. II. 
a forcible taking possession of; curiae, Cic. 

oppressor -Oris, m. (opprimo), a svppresser, 
crusher ; domination!*, ap. Cic. 

1. oppressus -fi, ni. (opprimo), a pi-essing 
down, pressure, Lucr. 

2. oppressus -a -um, pavtic. of opprimo. 
opprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (ob and premo). 

I. A. Lit., 1, to 2~>ress doivn, press together ; ora 
loquentis, Ov. ; 2, a, to crush; opprimi ruina- 
conclavis, to le crushed, Cic. ; senem injeetu 
multae vestis, to stifle, smother, Tac. ; b, of a 
flame, to extinguish ; cum aquae multitudine vis 
rlainmae opprimitur, Cic. ; c, of a letter, to slur 
over in pronunciation ; litterae neque expressae 
neque oppressae, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to suppress ; 
a, dolorem, Cic; b, to conceal; insigne veri, 
Cic. ; 2, to crush, hear hard -upon, weigh down ; 
opprimi acre, alieno, Cic; 3, to crush an ceil, 
suppress, stamp nut ; perniciosam potentiam, 
Cic; 4, to crush, siibiluenn adversary ; a, in war, 
3iatiniip.nl Allnbrognm, Cic; b, in politics, ali- 
qnem, Cic.; 5, to hold firm, not to let go : inst.it.it, 
oppressit, non remisit, Cic II. to seize, upon, 
fall upoii, surprise. A. Antoninm mors oppressit, 
Cic; improvidos incautosque liostes, Liv. B. 
Transf., numquam i lie meoppriiuetoonsilio,Clc. 

opprobramentum -i, n. (opprobro), a re- 
proach, disgrace, Plant. 
opprobrium -ii, n. (ob and probrnm), a 

reproach, scandal, disgrace, opprobrium ; 1, 
majoris fugiens opprobria culpae, Hor. ; 2, 
meton., a, a verbal reproach, taunt; ninrderi 
opprobriis falsis, Hor. ; b, of persons, shame, 
disgrace; majoruni, Tac. 

opprobro, 1. (ob and probrnm), to taunt, up- 
braid, reproach, Plant. 

oppugnatio -onis, f. (oppugno), a storming, 
taking by storm ;oppidorum,Caes.;oppugnationem 
snstiiiere, Caes. ; relinquere, Tac ; .judicium sine 
oppugnationc, without opposition, Cic. 

oppugnator -oris, m. (oppugno), one who 
storms, attacks, assaults; tig., liostis et oppugn- 
ator patriae Antonius, Cic. 

1. oppugno, 1. (ob and pugno), to attack, 
assault, storm, besiege. I. Lit., oppidum, Cic. ; 
castra, Caes. II. Transf., to attack, lay siege to ; 
fig., aliquein clandestinis consiliis, Cic 

2. oppugno, 1, (ob and pugnus), to buffet 
with the fists, Plant. 

1. Ops, Opis, f. = the Earth, the goddess of 
abundance, wife of Saturn, and protectress of 
agriculture. 

2. ops, opis, f.. pllir., opes -um (sing, only 
in genie, ace, and ah!.). I. might, power; a, 
resources; opibus, armis, potentifi valere, Cic. ; 
b, forces, troops ; tantas opes prostravit, Cic. ; 
C, political power, influence; alicuins opes evert- 
ere, Cic. II. physical power, might, strength; 
omni ope. atque opera enitar, Cic. ; grates per- 
eolvere dignas non opis est nostrae, is not in our 
power, Verg. III. help, assistance, support ; opeill 
peterc ab aliquo, Cic. ; opem afferrc, to help, Ov. 

op8 . . . v. obs . . . 



optabilis -e (opto), desirable, to be wished 

for ; niihi pax in primis fuit optabilis, Cic. 

optandus -a um, p. adj. (from opto), to be. 
wished for, desirable; maxiiue fuit optailduln 
Caecinae ut, etc., Cic. 

optatio -onis, f. (opto), a wish: alien! ties 
optationes dare, Cic. 

optato, adv. (optatus), according to one's 
wish, Cic 

optatus -a -um, p. adj. (from opto), wished 
for, desired, pleasant, dear ; rumores, Cic. ; fmter, 
Cic. Subst., optatum -i, n. a wish ; optatuni 
impetrare, Cic. 

optimas -atis (optimus), one of the best, ni is : 
tocratic; genus, Cic. Subst., optimas -atis, 
in. an aristocrat; ap. Cic; gen. plur., opti- 
mates -lum and -um, in. the aristocratic party, 
the aristocrats, Cic. 

optirr.e, superl. of bene (q.v.). 

optimus (optumus) -a -um, superl. of 
bonus (q.v.). 

1. optio -onis, f. (* opo), choice, free choice, 
option ; ufro frui malis optio sit. tua, Cic. ; si 
mihi optio daretur, utrum malim defendere, an, 
etc., Cic 

2. optio -onis, in. in military language, an 
adjutant, Tac. 

optlVUS -a -um (opto), chosen ; cognomen, 
Hor. 

opto, 1. (stem OP, Gr. On, whence OIITfi, 
ui/'O/^ai). I. to choose, elect, select; lit 1.1111 \ is, 

opto, (lum licet, Plant. ; locum tecto, Verg. ; 
nt optet iitruni malit an, etc., Cic. II. to wish 
for, desire; illam fortuiiam, Cic; with infill., 
tinem nccusandi faeere, Cic; with ace. and 
infill., redargui me, Cic. ; with nt and the sulij., 
optavit, ut in eurrnni tolleretur, Cic ; with subj. 
alone, creseat tua civibus opto urbs, Ov. ; with 
ace. and dat., alicui furorem et insaniam, Cic 

opulens -entis (opes), 1, rich, Nep. ; 2, 
powerful ; civitas, Sail. 

opulente and Spvilenter, adv. (opulent us 
and opulens), richly, splendidly, sumptuously; 
ludos opulentius faeere, Liv. 

opulentia -ae, f. (opulens), 1, wealth, riches, 
opulence, Sail. ; 2, the power, greatness of a 
state, Sail. 

opiilentitas -atis, f. (opulens), riches, opu- 
lence, Plant. 

dpulcnto, 1. (opulens), to make opulent, en- 
rich, Hor. 

dpfilentUS -a -um (ops). I. rich, wealthy, 
opident. A. civitas, Cic. ; oppidum, Caes. ; 
Numidia agro virisque opulentior, Sail. B. ric/i 
splendid, sumptuous ; res baud opulenta, Liv. 
II. powerful, mighty ; reges, Sail. ; factio, Liv. 

Opuntius, v. 3. Opus. 

1. opus -eris, n. o work, labour. I. A. Lit., 
1, opera nosfrarum artimn, Cic; opus quaerere, 
to seek, for work, Cic; 2, a, work in the fields; 
faeere patrio rnie opus, Ov. ; b, building; lex 
operi faciundo, Iniihling-coiUruct, Cic. ; c, mil it. 
t. t., a military n-ork, fortification, entrenchment ; 
operibus oppugnare urbein, Liv.; Mutinam 
operibus munitionibusque sepsit, Cic. ; d, work 
as opposed to nature, art; nihil est opere nut 
mnnu factum, quod non aliqnando consnmat 
vetnstns, Cic. ; e, the work of an artist ; liydria 
Boethi mnnu facta praeclaro opere, of admirable 
workmanship, Cic. B. Meton., 1, a, finished 
work ; opera magnified atque praeclarn, Cic. ; b, 
a work of art ; Silanionis opus (of a statue), 
Cic. ; c, a literary work ; opus babeo in manibus, 
Cic. XI. a, action, work, business; censorium, 



opu 



3S5 



ord 



Cic I Cei'tatini ad hoc opus curretur, CL. ; b, 
an undertaking, Liv. ; c, trouble; mogno opere, 

Cic. ; nimio opere, Cic. 

2. opus, ii. irnlecl., found in the phrases opus 
est, there is need, it is needful, it is necessary ; 
with iinui., <lux nobis, et auctor opus est, Cic. ; 
with nbl. of the tiling needed, opus est aue- 
toritate tuft, Cie. ; matnratn opus est, there is 
■need of haste, Liv.; with genit., qnanti argenti 
opus hiit, Liv.; with ace.. Plant.; with inlin., 
quid opus est attirmare, Cic. ; with 2, supine, 
quod scitu opus est, Cic. 

'3. OpUS -puntis, f. ('On-ous), tnirn in I.ocris, 

now Talanta. Adj.,Opuntius-a-iim,0pi<H/fa)i. 

• dpusculum -i, n. (dim. of 1. opus), o little 
work, Cic. 

1. 6ra -ae, f. (1. os), the edge, border, rim, 
boundary. I. poculi, Lucr. ; regionum, Cic. ; 
clipei, Verg. II. A. the coast, sea -coast ; Italiae, 
Cic. B. a region, clime, country ; quilcumque in 
ora ac parte teirarum, Cic. ; Acheruutis orae, 
the lower world, Lucr. ; luniinis orae, the. upper 
world, Verg. C. a zone, belt of the earth, Cic. 

2. ora -ae, f. (6 cable or hawser by which a 
ship teas made fast to the shore, Liv. 

oraculum (oraclum) -i, n. (oro). I. a 

place inhere an orach is given, an oracle,; illud 
oraculum Delphis, Cic. ; transf., domus jure- 
consulti oraculum civitatis, Cic. II. an oracle, 
divine response; 1, oraculum edere, Cic. ; peteru 
a D lona, Cic. ; 2, a, a prophecy ; oracula 
fundere. Cic. ; b, a wise speech, oracular declara- 
tion ; physicorum, Cic. 

oratio -onis, f. (oro). I. speaking, speech, 
language. A. Gen., quae (ferae) sunt rationis 
et orationis expertes. B. eloquence; satis in 
eo fnit orationis, Cic. II. Me ton., A. speech, 
utterance; orationem honorum imitavi, Cic. 
B. a, a set speech ; oomparare ad id longam 
orationem, Cic. ; habere orationem in senatu, 
Cic; in extrema oratione nostra, at the end of 
our speech, Cic; b, prose (as opp. to poetry); 
saepissime et in poematis et in oratione peccatur, 
Cic. 

oratiunciUa -ae, f. (dim. of oratio), a little 
speech, short oration, Cic. 

orator -oris, in. (oro), speaker. I. the spokes- 
wan of an embassy, Cic. II. an orator, Cic 

oratorio, adv. (oratorius), oratorically, like 
an orator, Cic. 

oratorius -a -tun (orator), relating to an 
orator, oratorical; ingeniuni, Cic; ornamenta, 
Cic 

dratrix -Icis, f. (orator), a female suppliant; 
virgines oratrices pads, Cic. 

oratus -us, m. (oro), a request, entreaty; 
oratu tuo, Cic. 

orbator -oris, m. (orbo), one who deprives 
another of children or parents, Ov. 

orbiculatus -a -uin (orbicnlus), circular, 
round ; ftp. Cic. 

orbiculus -i, in. (dim. of orbla), a little circle 
or disk, Plin. 

orbis -is, m. a circle, ring, anything round. 
I. A. Gen., torquere in orbem, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
milit, t. t. , a circle of soldiers ; in orbem eon- 
sistere, Caes. ; 2, of the heavens, orbis signifer, 
the zodiac, Cic ; lacteus, the Milky Way, Cic. ; 3, 
a circular motion, serpentine fold, winding ; im- 
niensisorbibusangucsincunibunt pelago, Verg. ; 
of tlie rounding off or period of a speech, ora- 
tionis or verbornm, Cic. ; orbis terrarnm, the 
circle of the world, the world, Cic. II. a disk. 
A. Gen., orbis mensae, a round table, Ov. B. 
Esp., 1, a, the disk of the sun or moon, Liv. ; b, 

13 



the heavens; c, orbis terrae, the earth, (a) Cie ; 
(3) poet. = land; Eons, the foist, Ov.; (y) 
meton., mankind ; orbis tumie judic-io ac testim- 
onio comprobari, Cic. ; 2, a, a shield, Verg. ; b, 
awheel, Verg. ; the wheel of fortune, Ov. ; c, the 
hollow of the eye, Ov. (local., orbi teirarum, Cic). 

orbita -ac, f. (orbis), a wheel-rut, mark of 
a wheel, Cic; tig., orbita veteris. rulpae, hid 
example, Juv. 

orbitas -St is, f. (orbns), a bereaving, bereave- 
ment, loss of children or parents; orbitates lib- 
erftin, Cic ; tig., orbitas reipublicae viroruin 
taliuin, Cic 

orbo, 1. (orbus), to bereave. I. Gen., Italiam 
juventute, Cic. II. to deprive of parents or 
children; Alio orbatus, Cic. 

Orbona -ae, f. (orbus), the gocUiess invoked 
by bereai'ed parents, Cic 

orbus -a -nm (root ORB, Gk. '0?$-av6s), 
deprived of. I. Gen., bereft., destitute : with abl., 
rebus omnibus, Cic ; with genit., luniinis, Ov. 
II. Hup., deprived of parents ov children, bereft, 
without parents or children; orbus senex, Cic; 
with abl., liberis, Liv.; with genit., Memnonis 
orba mei venio, Ov. ; subst., orbus -i, in. and 
orba -ae, f. an orphan, Liv. ; fig., respublica, 
Cic ; Sulpiciua legationem orbani reliquit, Cic 

orca -ae, f. 1, a kind of whale, Plin. ; 2, an 
earthenware pot or jar with a large belly, Hor. 

Orcades -urn, f. islands near Scotland, now 
the Orkneys. 

orchas -adis, f. (6p\ds), tt species of olive, 
Verg. .■ 

orchestra -ae, f. (opxyarpa), the part of a 
Roman theatre reserved for the senators; meton., 
the senate, Juv. 

Orchomenus (-5s) -i, in. and Orcho- 
menum -i, n. ('Op\opev6^). I. town in Boeotia. 
II. town in Arcadia. 

oroinus -a -ntn (Orcus), of or relating to 
Orcus or the dead ; sena'tores, those who became 
senators by the will of Caesar, Suet 

Orous -i, in. (connected with i'p/cos and 
urgeo). I. Orcus, the infernal, regions. II. A. 
the god of the lower world, fluto, Cic B. death, 
Hor. 

ordeum = hordeura (q.v.). m 

ordia prima = primordia (q.v.). 

ordinarius -a -urn (ordo), according to order, 
regular, ordinary; consules, elected in the reg- 
ular manner (opp. to suffecti), Liv. ; ordinarii 
reipublicae usus, Liv. 

ordinatim, adv. (ordinatus), 1, in order, in 
good order, Caes. ; 2, regularly, properly, Caes. 

ordinatio -onis, f. (ordino), a setting in 
order, arrangement, Plin. 

ordinatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from ordino), set 
in order, arranged, orderly, Cic. 

ordino, 1. (ordo), to set in order. I. a, to 
plant in rows ; latins arbusta snlcis, Hor. ; b, to 
arrange in rank (of soldiers); agniina, Hor. 
II. Transf., 1, to settle ; aliter apud alios ordin- 
atis niagistratibus, Liv. ; 2, to arrange, appoint, 
settle, dispose, classify; partes orationis, Cic; 
res publicas, to narrate the history of the state, 
Hor. 

ordior, orsus sum, 4. dep. (connected with 
ordo), to begin, commence. A. Gen., alterius 
vitae quoddani initium, Cic. B. Esp., in speak- 
ing, to begin; with ace, sermonem, Cic; with 
inlin., dc aliqua re disputare, Cic; absol., de 
aliquo paulo altius, Cic. ; sic orsus Apollo, 
began to speak, Verg. 

ordo -inis, m. (orior). I. series, line, roiv, 
order. A. Lit., olivarnm, Cic; ordine, (o) in 



Ord 



;iS6 



Ol'sJ 



(Mull, Clc. ; (/3) ill due order, Cic. ! ex online, fn 
tuecession, Cic. ; in ordinem, i» order, Cic. ; nullo 
online, without order, in, a disorderly manner, 
Caen. ; extra onlinem, (a) in on unusual, ir- 
regular manner ; nlicui proviiiciatn decemere, 
Cic; 03) e.rtriwrilinniilji, very greatly, Cic. B. 
Metoil., 1, a roio of seats in a theatre, Cic. ; a tow 
or bank of oars in a vessel, Verg.; 2, milit. t.t., 
'nink, jite ; online* explicaro, Liv.; online cgredi, 
Sail.; a company; onlinem ducere, to he a cen- 
turion, Caes. ; online. 1 ) prinii, commanders, Caes. ; 
3, a, politically, an order, rani; class; senat- 
orius or ainplissimus, the senatorial body, Cic. ; 
equester, the. body of knights, Cic; b, " class, 
body of men; publicanorum, Cic II. order, ar- 
rangement ; noniina In onlinem referre, Cic; res 
in onlinem adducere, to put into order, Cic. 

Ordovices -urn, m. a people in Britain, op- 
posite to the island of Mono, now Anglesca. 

Greas -adis, f. COpeia?), a mountain-nymph, 
Oread, Verg. 

Orestes -ae and -is, in. ('OofVnjO, son of 
Agamemnon and Clytaemncstro, brother of Iphi- 
genia and Electra, who killed his mother, the 
murderess of his father, and with his friend 
Pylades and his sister Iphigenia (priestess of 
Diana in the To/uric Chersonese), carried away 
the image of Diana to Italy, near Arivia. Hence, 

adj., Oresteus -a -um, Orestean. 

drexis -is, f. (opefis), desire, appetite, Jm\ 

organlcus -a -um (opyamicos), musical, re- 
lating to musical instruments, Lncr. ; subst., 
organlcus -i, m. a musician, Lncr. 

organum -i, n. (opyavov), any implement or 
instrument, Pliii. ;' a musical instrument, a water- 
organ, Suet. • f ■ - 

OrgetSrix -rlgis, m. a celebrated Helvetian. 

orgia -drum, n. (opyta), nocturnal festivals in 
honour of Bacchus, Verg. ; and hence, any secret 
festival, orgies, Juv. 

orlchalcum -i, n. (!jpei\aXKo<;), yellow copper 
ore; hence, brass made from it, Cic. 

oricilla -ae, f. (= au'ricilla), an ear-lap, Cat. 

OiiciSs -i, f. and Oricum -i, n. a town in 
Epirus, now Erico. Hence, 1, adj., Orlcius 
•a -um, Oriciaw; and 2, Orlcinl -Srum, m. the 
inhabitants of Oricum. 
[ oricfila = auricula (q.v.). 

oriens -entis, m. (lit., partic. of orior, sc 
sol). I. the rising sun; personif., the sun-god, 
day-god, Verg., Ov. II. Sleton., 1, the cast, as a 
part of the sky, Cic. ; 2, the east, as a part of 
the world, Cic. 

origo -bus, f. (orior). I. origin, source ; 
principii nullaest origo, Cic. II. birth, descent. 
A. Lit., Ov. B. Transf., a, race, Verg.; b, 
ancestor, founder of a race ; pater Aeneas Roma.iae 
stirpis ovigo, Verg. 

Orion -onis, m. ('Dp.W), the constellation 
Orion. 

orior, ort us sum, firlt itrus, oriri, 4. dep. (root 
OR, Gk. OP, whence opwm), to rise. I, Of 
persons, quum consul oriens de nocte silentio 
diecret dictatorcm, Liv. II. Transf., toarisc = 
to become visible. A. Of the heavenly bodies ; 
ortfi luce, in the morning, Caes.; oriens sol, 
the East, Cic. B. to arise, spring from, 
proceed from, come forth ; Rhenus oritur ex 
Lepontiis, takes its rise, Caes. ; clamor, Caes. ; 
hence, a, to be born ; cquestri loco ortus, Cic. ; 
b, to grow ; nva oriens, Cic. ; c, to begin ; ab his 
senno oritur, Cic. (indie pros. ace. to 3rd con jug., 
orior, orcris, oritur, orimur, orimini; so imperf. 
enbj., orPretur). 



Orithyia -ae, f. {'npetfvia), daughter 6j 
Erechtheus, king of Athens, mother of Zeihes and 
Calais by Boreas. 

1. oriundus -a -inn (orior), arising from, 
springing from, horn of; ab ingeilltis, Cic. ; ex 
Etruscis, Liv. 

2. OriundUS -i, 111. a rim- in Illyria. 

Ormonis -Idis, voe. -i, f. ('Op/urn'?), the 
Ormenid (granddaughter of OrmMiiis) = Asty- 

damia. 

ornamentum -i, n. (orno). I, equipment, 
accoutrement, trappings, furniture ; eertas eopias 
et ornainenta vestra, Cic. II. A. ornament, 
decoration, embellishment ; omnia ornainenta ex 
fano Hcrculis in oppidum contulit, Caes.; fig., 
sencctutis, Cic; esp. , rhetorical ornament; orat- 
oria ornamenta dicendi, Cic. B. honour, orna- 
ment, distinction ; omnia ornamenta congerere 
ad aliquem, Cic. 

ornate, adv. with compar. and snperl. (orn- 
atus), ornately, splendidly, elegantly; eomparare 
conviviuin, Cic. ; loqui, Cic 

ornatrix -leis, f. (ofnator), dfemaleadarner, 
a tire-woman, Ov. 

1. ornatus -us, m. (orno). I. dress, attire, 
equipment; militaris, Cic; regalis, Cic. II. 
embellishment, decoration; 1, lit., urbis, Cic; 
2, lig., verborum, Cic. ; ineton., of discourse, 
embellishment, ornament; ornatum allerre ora- 
tioni, Cic. ; 3, as a translation of the Greek 
Kotr/io?, the world, Cic 

' 2. ornatus -a -um, p. adj. (from orno). I. 
furnished, equipped, accoutred, provided; scut is 
telisque parati ornatique sunt, Cic II.. a, 
adorned, decorated, embellished, beautiful ; oratio, 
CiC; so of persons, adorned with all noble quali- 
ties, admirable, illustrious; adolescens, Cic; b, 
honoured; honoribus, Cic. 

orno, 1. I. to equip, accoutre, provide with 
necessaries, fit out ; aliquem armis, Verg. ; decein- 
viros apparitoribus, Cic; classem, consules, Cic; 
provinciam, to provide troops, money, etc., for 
the government of a province, Cic. II. to adorn, 
decorate, embellish. A. Lit., 1, doimim suani, 
Cic; cornua sertis, Verg.; 2, to praise, honour, 
show honour to ; fuit ornandus in Manilia lege 
Pompeius, Cic. B. Transf., to adorn, decorate, 
honour, distinguish; civitatem omnibus rebus, 
Caes. ; aliquem laudibus, Cic. 

ornus -i, f. the mountain-ash, Verg. 

oro, 1. (1. os). I. to speak ; a, tali bus orabat 
Juno, Verg. ; b, to speak as an orator ; vestra in 
nos promerita coinplecti orando, Cic. ; ipse pro 
se oravit, defended himself, Liv. ; c, to treat or 
handle in speech, to argue, plead; capitis causam, 
Cic; litem, Cic. II. to beg, pray, entreat, 
beseech ; with ace of the person entreated, 
principem, Tac. ; oro te (parenthetic), I pray, 
Cic ; with ace. of the thing, auxilium ad bellum, 
Liv. ; with ace. of pers. and ace. of thing, anxilia 
regem, Liv. ; with ut or ne and the subj., or 
subj. alone, oro ut homines conserves, Cic; with 
infill., Verg. [ 

Erodes -is and -i, m. king of the Partitions, 
who took Crassus 'jrrisoncr. 

Orontes -is, m. COpovTns), the chief river oj 
Syria. Hence, adj., Oronteus -a -um, poet. = 
Syrian. 

Orpheus -5i and -80s, ace -Sum and -6a, abl. 
-eo, m. ('Op'/>fu?), a celebrated mythical minstrel 
of Thrace, husband of Eurydice. Hence, adj., 1, 
Orpheus -a -um ; and 2, Orphicus -a -um, 
Orphic, of or relating to Orpheus. . 

orphus -i, m. (ip(£<k), a sea-fish, Ov. ■ -• 

orsa -orum, n. (ordior), 1, a beginning, com- 



ora 






OSt 



mencement, undertaking, Liv.; 2, p'"--t., specdi, 
words, Verg. 

I. orsus -us, in. (ordinr), « beginning, itiuhr- 
taking, C'ic. 

-'. orsus -a -ura, partic. of oitlior. 

orthographia -ae, f. (opOoyp.upLi), orlho- 
yiitphy, Nuet. 

Ortona -ae, f. tuwiioftlieFrentaiii in hntium, 

jinw Ortomi. 

1. ortus -us, in. (orior). I. a rising uf the 

heavenly bodies ; 1, lit., solis et; lunae reliquor- 
urnque sideriim ortus, Cic. ; 2, melon., solis, 
the east, Cic. II. a, birth ; primo ortu, imme- 
diately after birth, Cic; ortu Tusculanus, Cic; 
ortum ducere ab Elide, Cic. ; b, origin, source ; 
tribuniciae potestatis, Cic. 

2. ortus -a -um, partic. of orior. 

Ortygia -ae, f. and Ortygie -es, f. ('Op™- 
yia). I. an island forming part of Syracuse. 
II. the old name of the island of Delos. Hence, 
adj., OrtyglUS -a -um, Ortygian. 

6ryx -ygis, ni. (°pvf ), a species of wild goat or 
gazelle, Juv. 
oryza -ae, f. (opu£a), rice, Hor. 

1. OS, oris, n. I. the mouth; 1, lit, cadit 
frustum ex ore pulli, Cic. ; aliqaem semper in 
ore habere, to be always talking about, Cic. ; in 
ore vulgi esse, Cic. ; alicui esse ante os, before 
one's eyes, Cic. ; uno ore, unanimously, Cic ; in 
ora vulgi (liomiuum) abire (pervenire), Cat. ; 2, 
transf., mouth, opening ; portus, Cic; dolii, Liv.; 
source, ora novem Timavi, Verg. II. the face, 
countenance. A. 1, lit., in ore liominum, in the 
presence of men, Cic; 2, meton., used for im- 
pudence, sha mi. less n ess ; nostis os liominis, nostis 
audaciam, Cic. B. amask;Qorgonis, Cic 

2. OS, ossis, ii.. a bone; dolorem cineri eius 
atqoe ossibus inussisti, Cic; ossa legere, to 
gather up the ushes of the bones after the burning 
of a corpse, Cic ; turn vera exarsit juveni dolor 
ossibus ingens, in his heart, Verg. ; fig., of 
orators, imitari uon ossa solum sed etiam san- 
guinein, Cic; of a meagre style, ossa nudare, 
Cic. 

Osca -ae, f. town in Hispania Tarraconensis, 
now liuesca. Hence, adj., Oscensis -e, be- 
longing to Osca. 

oscen -Inis, m. (=obscen from obs and cano), 
1. 1. of augural language, a bird from whose note 
auguries were taken (e.g., the raven, owl, crow), 
Hor. 

Osci -oram, an ancient people of Italy ; hence, 
adj., Oscus -a -um, Oscan. 

oscillum -i, n. (dim. of 1. os), a little mask, 
Verg. 

osoitanter, adv. (oscito), yawningly, care- 
lessly, negligently, Cic. 

oscltatio -Onis, f. (oscito), the opening of the 
mouth, a gaping, Plin. 

oscito, 1. (perhaps from os ami cieo = 
moveo), to open tin mouth, ga)*, yawn, Cic ; llg., 
to be lazy, idle, inactive; oscitat Epicurus, Cic 

osculabundus -a -um (osculor), kissing, 
Suet. 

oaculatio -finis, f. (osculor), a kissing, Cic 

osculor, 1. dep. (osculum), tokiss ; consulem 
fdium, Cic. ; tig., to caress, make much of, make a 
pet of; scientiam juris tamquam filiolain osculai i 
suain, Cic 

osculum -i, n. (dim. of 1. os). I. a little 
mouth;, oscula summa delibare, Verg. II, 
>Ieton., a kiss; oscula ferre, Cic. 

Osiris -ris, -ridis and -ridoa, m. ("0<7ip<s\ 



husband of lsU, god of Egypt, the genius of the 
Nile. 

Ossa -ae, in. ("Oo-va), a high mountain in 
//, now Kissavo. Adj., Ossaeus -a -um, 
belonging to Ossa. 
osscus -a -um (2. os). made of bone, like bon?, 

I in ll II, Juv. 

ossifragus -i, in. and ossifraga -ae, f. 
(2. os and frango), the seu-cagle, osprey, Lucr. . 

OStendo -tendi -tentum and (later) -tcnsuni, 
3. (obs and lendo), to show, display, exhibit, 
expose to view. I. Lit., a, os suuin populo 
Romano, Cic. ; cquites sese ostenduut, come in. 
sight, Caes. ; b, to expose, lay open ; Bupiaatap 
Aquiloni glebas, Verg. ■ II, Fig., 1, to show, 
display; spem, inetum, Cic; 2, esp. of dis- 
course, to show, make plain, declare ; nihil sibi 
gratius ostendit futurum esse, Cic. ; quid sui 
consilii sit ostendit, Caes. 

ostentatio -onis, f. (ostento). I. a show- 
ing, displaying, reveiding ; ostentationis causa 
latins vagari, Caes. II. Transf., a, a boasting, 
display, ostentation; ingenii, Cic; b, false, 
deceitful show, pretence ; consul vcritale, nou 
ostentatione popularis, Cic. 

ostentator -Oris, in. (usteuto) one who sliows 
boast iugly, a boaster, vaunter,panider ; factorum, 
Liv. 

ostento, 1. (intens. of ostendo), to hold out, 
offer. I. Lit., A. alicui jugula sua pro capitc 
alicuius, Cic. B. a, to show publicly, display, 
exhibit; passum capillum, Caes.; b, to show 
huastingly; equumarmaque capta, Liv. II. Fig., 
A. to hold before a person's eyes, to show boast- 
ingly, to proffer, promise; agrum, Cic B. 1, 
to show off, display ; prudcntiain, Cic. ; 2, to hold 
out with a menace, threaten; eaedem, Cic; 3, 
to show, reveal; a, so in aliis rebus, Cic; b, 
of discourse, to ?hw, declare, make known ; 
et simul ostentavi tibi me istis esse familiarern, 
Cic 

ostentum (ostendo) -i, n. a prodigy, por- 
tent ; magnorum periculorum inetus ex osteutis 
portend itur, Cic. 

ostentus, dat. -ui, abl. -Q, m. (ostendo). I. 
a silencing, displaying; corpora abjecta ostentui, 
for a show, Tac. II. 1, outward shmo, parade ; 
ilia deditiouis signa ostentui esse, .Tac. ; 2, a 
sign, indication, proof; ut Jugurthae scclerum 
ostentui essem, Sail. 

Ostia -ae, f. and Ostia -firum, n. (ostium), 
the harbour and port of Rome, situate at the mouth 
of the Tiber. Heuce, adj., Ostiensis -c, relat- 
ing to Ostia ; incommodum, the destruction, of 
the Roman fleet by the pirates, Cic. ; provincia, 
the of/ice of the quaestor, who superintended the 
aqueducts and the supply of corn to the city, Cic. 

ostiarius -a -um (ostium), belonging to a- 
door; subst, 1, ostiarius -Ii, m. a doorkeeper, 
porter, Varr. ; 2, ostiarlum -ii, n. (sc. tri- 
but um), a tax upon doors, a door-tax, Caes. 

ostiatim, adv. (ostium), from door to door, 
from house to house; compilare totuni oppidum, 
Cic. 

ostium -Ii, n. (1. os), the entrance. I. portus, 
Cic. ; fluminis Cydui, mouth, Cic. ; Oceani, Straits 
of Gibraltar, Cic. II. the door of a house; ex- 
actio ostiorum, the door-tax, Cic. ; aperto ostio 
dormire, Cic. ' . 

ostrea -ae, f. and ostreum -i, n. (Sa-rpeov), 
an oyster, Hor. 

ostreatus -a -um (ostrea), roughlikean oyster* 
shetl, Flaut. 

ostreosus -a -urn (ostrea), abounding in, 
oyster*, Cut, — 



ost 



38s pac 



ostrifer -fera -ferum (ostreitm and fero), pro- 
ducing oysters, Verg. 

OBtrinus -a -urn (ostium), purple; colores, 
Prop. 

OStriim -i, n. (ovrpcov), 1, the purpk dye. pre- 
pared from a shcll-flsh ; vestes ostro perfusae, 
Verg. ; 2, stuff dyed with purple, a purple dress, 
Verg. 

osus -a -urn, partic of Cdi (q.v.). 

dtho -Onis, in. a Roman name; 1, L. Hoscius 
Otho, author of a law airing special seats in the 
theatre to the knights; 2, M. Salvias Otho, a 
Borruin emperor .who succeeded Oalba. Hence, 
dthdnianus -a -um, relating to Otho. 

Othr^ades -ae, m. ( 'OfyvaSr)?). I. son of 
Othrys = 1'anthus. II. a Spartan general, the 
sole survivor in a battle with the Argircs. 

Othrys -JOS, m, ("O0j}v?)> a high mountain 
in Thessaly. 

otiolum -i, n. (dim. of otium), a little leisure; 
ap. Cic. 

otlor, 1. dep. (otium), to be idle, to be at 
leisure; quuin se Syracusas otiandi non negot- 
iandi causa contulisset, Cic. 

otiose, adv. (otiosus). I. idly, without occu- 
pation, Cic. II. leisurely, lazUy, gently, quietly, 
Cic. 

Otiosus -a -um (otium), idle, at leisure, with- 
out occupation. I. Lit., a, homo, Cic. ; tempus, 
Cic. ; b, free from public duties, occupied in 
literary work only ; numqnam se minus otiosum 
esse quam quum otiosus, Cic. ; c, politically in- 
different, neutral, quiet; istos otiosos reddair., 
Cic. II. Transf., quiet, calm, undisturhed, 
Cic. 

Otium -ii, n. (opp. negotium), idleness, 
leisure, ease; a, otium inertissimutn et desidios- 
issiraum, Cic; hebescere et languescere in otio, 
Cic; b, leisure, time for anything ; otium sunm 
consumere in historia scribenda, Cic ; otium 
litteratum, Cic. ; si modo tibi est otium, if only 
thou hast time, Cic; c, peace, repose, quicr ss; 
multitude insolens belli dluturnltateotii, Caes. ; 
otium domesticum, Cia ; valde rae ad otium 
pacemque converto, Cic. ; ab hoate otium fuit, 

Liv. 

OVatio -onis, f. (ovo), an owtion, a kind of 
lesser triumph in which the victorious general 
■proceeded to the Capitol on horseback or on foot, 
Plin. 

OvidiUS -li, m., P. Ovidius Naso, the cele- 
brated Roman poet, born at Sulmo, B.C. 43, died 
A.D. 17. 

dvlle -is, n. (ovis), 1, a sheepfold, Verg. ; 2, 
on enclosed place in. the Campus Martins, where 
votes were, given at the Comitia, Liv. 

OvlliuB -a -um (cvis), of or relating to sheep; 
ap. Liv. 

OVla -is f. (Sit), a sheep. I. a, lit, pnscerc 
oves, Verg. ; b, transf., as a term of reproach, 
simple, foolish fellow, Plant. II. Meton., poet. 
= wool, Tib. 

6vo, 1. (euoe, like Gr. tva£a>). I. to rejoice, 
exult; ovans victoria, Liv. II. to celebrate an 
ovation ; ovantem in Capitolium ascendisse, 
Cic. 

cvum -I, n.(u>6v),l, an egg; ovum gignere, or 
parerc, to lay an egg, Cic; prov., integram famem 
ad ovum afTerre, tn the beginning of the men' fa 
Roman dinners often began with eggs), Cic. ; ab 
ovo usque ad mala, from beginning to end, Hor. ; 
2, transf., cne of the seven egg-shaped balls by 
<whieh the heats in the circus were counted; ova 
curriculis numcrondis, Liv. 



P. 



1) P, the fifteenth letter of tlie Latin alphabet, 
. . corresponds with the Greek, pi (n, w). For 

the use of P. in abbreviations, see Table "1 

Abbreviations. 

■ pabulatio -onis, f. (pabulor), mwuriug <) 

fodder, foraging ; pabnlatione interelndi, Caes. 

pabulator -oris, in. (pabulor), a famgn; 

Caes. 

pabulor, 1. dep. (pabulum), to forage, seek 
fodder, Caes. 

pabulum -i, n. (pasco). I. Lit., 1, food, 
nutriment; pabula caelestia, ambrosia, Ov. ; 2, 
the food of animals, fodder; pabulum secure, 
convehere, Caes. II. Transf., food, ?!on?-is/i- 
ment; studii atque doctrinae, Cic. 

pacalis -e (pax), belonging or relating to 
peace, peaceful ; Jaurus, Ov. 

pacatUS -a -um, p. adj. (from paco), pacified, 
made peaceful; and hence, peaceful, quiet; a, 
lit., pacatae tranquillaeque civitates, Cic; mare, 
Hor.; subst.,pacatura-i, n. a peaceful, friendly 
country; ex "pacatis praedas agere, Sail.; b, 
transf., illorum oratio paeatior, Cic. 

Pachynum -i, n. and Pachynus (-8s) 
-i, f. (ITaxvi'os), the south-east promontory of Sicily, 

now Capo di Passaro. 

pacifer -f$ra -ferum (pax and feio), peace- 
bringing, establishing or announcing peace ; oliva, 
Verg.; frequently used as an epithet of the 
gods, e.g., of Mercury, Ov. 

pacif icatio -onis (pacifico). f. an establishing 
of peace, pacif cation, Cic. 

pacificator -oris (pacifico), m. one who 
establishes peace, a pacificator, Cic. 

pacificatorius -a -um (pacifico), establish- 
ing peace, pacificatory ; legatio, Cic. 

pacifico, 1. (pax and facio), to reconcile ap- 
pease, pacify ; eaeieste.s heros, Cat. 

paoificor, 1. dep. (pax and facio), to make 
peace; pacificatum legati veniunt, Liv. 

pacif ious -a -urn (pax and facio), peace- 
making,- pacific; persona, Cic 

paciscor, partus sura, 3. dep. (root PAC, 
whence pac-s, * pago, pango), to make a bargain, 
contract, agreement with any one, to agree, stipu- 
lateaboutcinything; a,intransit.,cum illo, Plant.; 
paciscitur magnS mercede cum Celtiberorum 
principibus, ut copias inde abducant, Liv. ; pac- 
isci cum decumano, Cic. ; b, transit., provinc- 
iam, Cic. ; pretium, Cic. ; ex qua domo pactus 
esset (feniinam), betrothed himself, Liv.; with 
infin., to bind oneself ; stipendium populo Romano 
dare, Liv. Partic , pactus -a -um, pass. = 
agreed upon, promised, appointed, settlal ; pactam 
esse diem, Cic. 

paco, 1. (pax), to reduce, to peace, pacify, make 
peaceful, Cie. ; a, Amaninn, Cic; omncin Gal- 
liam, Caes. ; b, poet., to make fruitful ; incnlt.au 
pacantur vomere silvae, Hor. 

Pacorus -i. m. (riaicopos), son of Orodes, 
king of Farthia, enemy of the Homans, born 
about 63 B.C. 

pacta -ae, f. (paciscor), a betrothed spouse, 
Verg. 

pactio -onis, f. (paciscor), a bargain, con- 
tract, covenant, agreement, treaty. I. Gen., 
facere pactionem de aliqua re, Cic. : anna 
per factionem dare, to capitulate, Liv. II. A. a 
contract between the farmers of the taxes of a 
province and its inhabitants; pactionos conficerc. 



Pac 



389 



Pal 



Cic. B. <! fraudulent or collusive agreement ; 
pactiouis suspicio, Cic. 

Pactolus -i, III. (HaKTuAoi), a river iii Lydia, 
said In bring down, golden sands, now Sarabat. 
Adj., Pactolis -ittis, f. of Pactolus; Nyinpliac, 

Ov. 

pactor -Oris, in. (paciscor), one who indies a 
contract or treaty, negotiator; societatis, Cic. 

pactum -i, 11. (paciscor), a bargain, contract, 
agreement, covenant, treaty, jxxct ; maiiere in 
j):ii-l <», Cic. ; transf., nullo pacto, by no means, 
Cic. ; alio pacto, in another way, Cic. ; isto 
pacto, in that way, Cic. 

pactus -a -inn, partic. of paciscor. 

PacuviUS-ii,m.,M. Facuvius, aJio»tail tragic 
poet of lirnndisium, nephew of Ennius, flourish- 
ing about the time of the Second Punic War ; died 
ut Tarciiluin, about 132 B.C. 

Pad us -i, in. the largest river in Italy, now 
the. Po. 

Padusa -ae, f. a canal running from the Po 
In Havenna, now Canall di S. Alberti. 

Paean -auis, in. (nniac). I. Lit., the Healer, 
a surname of Apollo, Cic. II. Melon., a hymn, 
paean, originally addressed to Apollo only, but 
afterwards to other deities; conclainaut soeii 
lactam paeana secuti, Verg. 

paedagOgUS -i, in. (iraiSayuiyot), a slave 
icho accompanied children to and from school and 
had charge of them at home, Cic. 

paedor -oris, in. dirt, filth, Cic. 

paelex = pelex (q.v.) 

Paeligni -orum, m. an Italian tribe In 
Samnium, in modern Abruzzo Citcriore. Hence, 
Paelignus -a -urn, Pelignian ; anus, a witch, 
Hor. 

paene, adv. nearly, almost; paene amicus, Cic. 

paeninsula -ae, f. (paene and insula), a 
peninsula, Liv. 

paenula -ae, f. (</>ati'oA>js), a species of over- 
coat, without sleeves, and close to the*body, worn 
on a journey, or in wet, cold weather, Cic. ; pro v., 
paenulain alicui scindeie, to beg a guest very 
earnestly tu remain, Cic. 

paenulatus -a -una (paenula), clothed in the 
paenula, Cic. 

paeon -onis , in. (ir<moi>), a metrical foot, con- 
sisting uf three short syllables and one long, Cic. 

Paeones -nm, in. (iTaioi-e?), the Paeonians, 
the people of Paeonia ; sing., Pacou -Onis, in. 
Hence, A. Paeonia -ae, f. (Ilatoi'ia), Paeoniu, 
a district of Macedonia, afterwards EnuUhia. 
B. Paeonis f. a Pueonian woman. 

PaeoniUS -a -UlU (riauono?), relating to the 
god of healing, Apollo, medicinal; herbae, Verg. 

Paestum -i, n. a. town in Lucania, famous 
fur its roses, now Pesto. Hence, Paestanus -a 
-nm, of Paestum. 

paetulus -a -uni (dim. of paetus), having a 
slight oast in the eye, Cic. 

paetUS -a -uni, having a cast in the eyes, 
lilink-eyetl ; and, as an epithet of Venus, having 
an engaging leer, leering prettily, Hor. 

paganus -a -um (pagus), belonging or relating 
to a village, rural; focus, Ov. ; and hence, 
paganus -i, 111., subst-, 1, a villager, country- 
man, Cic; 2, a peuon in civil life, a civilian, 
(opp. miles), Tac. 

Pagasa -ae, f. and Pagase -eg, f. and 
Pagasae -arum, f. (n<rya<r<ju')i a seaport of 
Thessaly, where the ship Argo was built; hence, 
adj., Pagasaeus tfl •um, Pagusean ; puppis, 

Cillina, the 4 run, fty, ; COHJI|X, AJrestis, ituugMrr 



of the Thessaiian king Pelias, Ov. ; Pagascus, 
Jason, leader of the Argonauts, Ov. 

pagatim, adv. (pagus), in villages, by vil- 
lages, Liv, 

pagella -ae, f. (dim. of pagina), a little page, 
Cic._ 

pagina -ae, I'. ( pago, pango). I. a page 
ov leaf of paper, or of a book; complete paginam, 
Cic. II. Transf., a leaf, slab, tablet; pagina 
lionorum, a list of titles and honours on a statue, 
Juv._ 

paginula ac, f. (dim. of pagina), a little 
page, Cic. 

pagur -i, in. a fish of unknown species, Ov. 

pagus -i, ill. (pango). I. a village; a, as 
a place, Liv. ; b, collectively, the inhabitants of 
a village; pagus agat festum, Ov. II. a district, 
canton, province (esp. of the Germans and Gauls); 
omnis civitas Helvetia in quatuor pagos divisa, 
Caes. 

pala -ae, f. (for pagela from pango). I. a 
spade, Liv. II, the socket of a ring in which the 
jewel is set, the bezel of a ring, Cic. 

Palaemon -mom's, in. (HaWfuuf). I. a 
sea-god, formerly called Melicerta. II. a shep- 
herd, Verg. 

Palaepharsalus -i, f. Old PharsaUs, a 
town in Thessaly, near Pharsalus, now Farsa. 

Palaeopolls, ace. -pdlim, f. (iiuXuion-oA.is), 

the older part of the town of Neapolis in Cam- 
pania. Hence, Palaeopolitani -Orum, m. 
the inhabitants of Palaeopolls. 

Palaeste -es, f. (Ua\a.i.o-rTJ), a town of the 
province Chaonia in Epirus, now Palam. Hence, 
adj., Palaestinus -a -um, relating to Palaeste. 

Palaestina -ae, f. andPalaestine -£s, f. 
(ria\ai<riu'»)), Palestine; hence, adj., Palaest- 
inus -a -um, rebitiug to Palestine; aqua, tlic 
Euphrates, Ov. ; subst., Palaestini -Orum, in. 
= the Syrians, Ov. 

palaestra -ac, f. (n-aAai'o-Tpa). 1. a gymna- 
siumor wrestling school ; a, lit., Cic. ; b, transf., 
a school of rhetoric, Cic. II. Meton. , a, wrestling; 
discere palaestram, Cic; b, exercise in the schools 
of rhetoric, rhetorical exercises, rhetorical practice ; 
quasi quandam palaestram et cxtrema linea- 
ments, orationi attulit, Cic; c, art; utemur 
ea palaestra, Cic. 

palaestrice, adv. (palaestricus), after the 
manner of the palaestra ; spatiari in xysto, Cic. 

palaestricus -a -um (n-aAaio-Tpiicos), of or 
relating to the palaestra ; inotus, Cic. 

palaestrita -ae, in. (iraAaiorpi'njs), ihesuper- 
intendent of a pidaestra, Cic. 

palam (from same root as planus, irKarvt, 
pellis, etc.). I. Adv., openly, publicly. A. Lit, 
rem gerit, Cic. B. 1, openly, without conceal- 
ment; palam agere et aperte dicere, Cic; 2, 
onenly, apparently, evidently; palam proferre; 
Cic; 3, palam factum est (with ace and infln.), 
itis well known, Cic II. Prep. (= coram), with 
abl., in the presence of; populo, Liv. ; me, Ov. 

Palamedes -is, in. (ilaAo/i^iij?), son of the 
Euboean king Wauplius, the mythical inventor of 
the hdance, of dice, and of some of the Greek letters, 
one of the Greek heroes in the Trojan war, put to 
death through a false accusation by Ulysses. 

Palatium -li, n. I. the Palatine Hill in 
Rome, an which Augustus had his house. Hence, 
II. o palace ; Palatia fulgent, Ov. Hence, adj., 
Palatums -a -um, Palatine; a, of or relating 
to the Palatine Hill; A polk), whose temple was on 
the Palatine, Hor. ; Palatma tribus or subst., 
Palatina -ae, f. the Palatine tribe, Cic ; b, 
relating tu the imperi"! pultfc, imperial, Ov. 



pal 



390 



pal 



palatum -i, n. and palatus -i. m. I. the 

palate as the organ of taste; quae voluptas palato 
pereipiatur, Cic. ; fig., taste, critical judgment, 
the palate as the organ of tastt and judgment; 
Epicurus cluui palato quid sit optimum judicat, 
Cic; the palate at the organ of speech; feriro 
balba verba palato, Hor. II. Transf., palatum 
cacli, the vault of the heavens ; ap. Cic. 

palea -ae, f. chaff, Cic. 

palear -ilris, n. the dewlap of an ox; gen. 
plur., Verg. 

Pales -is, f. (PA, n\-w, pasco), the tutelary 
goddess of herds and shepherds. Hence, adj., 
FalUis -e, belonging to Pales ; flamina, a Jire 
of straw, part of the ceremonies at the feast of 
Pales; subst., Palllla -ium, n. the feast of Pales 
on the 21st of April, 

. Palici -drum, m. (sing.. Palicus, Verg., Ov.), 
twin sons of Jupiter by the nymph Aetna, wor- 
shipped as heroes in Sicily. 

Pulilis -e, v. Pales. 

palimpsestos -i, m. (jraAi'/u^Tjaros), pa h- 
ment, from which old writing lias been erased for 
the purpose of using the parchment again, a 
palimpsest, Cic. 

PalinUTUS -i, m. (Ua\ivoiipoq). I. the pilot 
of Aeneas who fell into the sea off the coast of 
Lucania. II. « promontory on the west coast of 
Lucania, now Cap Palinuro. 

palluru3 -i, ni. (n-aAi'oupos), a plant, Christ's 
thorn (Rhamnus Paliurtis, Linn.), Verg. 

palla -ae, f. a long and wide outer garment 
worn by Roman women, also by tragic actors, Ilor. 

pailaca -ae, f. (ttoAAuioj), a concubine, Suet. 

Pallacine -es, f. a place in Home. Henre, 
Pallacinus -a -tun, relating to Pallacine. 

1. Pall&S -adis and -ados, f. (ITaAAds), the 
Greek name of Minerva, goddess of wisdom, and 
discoverer of the olive ; Palladis ales, the owl, Ov.; 
arbor, the olive-tree, Ov. ; nieton., a, the olive-tree, 
Ov. ; b, olive-oil, Ov. ; c, the image of Palln.s, the 
Palladium, Ov.; hence, adj., Palladius-a-uni, 
of or relating to Pallas; rami, olive branches, 
Verg. ; latices, oil, Ov. ; ratis, the ship Argo, Ov.; 
arces, Athens, Ov. ; subst., Palladium -ii, n. 
the image of Pallas in Troy, which fell from 
lieai-en. 

2. Pallas -antis, m. (riaXAa^). I. son of 
Pandion, father (according to one legend) of 
Minerva. II. grandfather or great-grandfather 
of Evander. III. son of Evander. IV. one of 
the giants. Hence, A. Pallanteus -a -uin, 
belonging to Pallas; subst,, Pallanteum -i 
(sc. oppiduin); a, a town in Arcadia; b, a 
town in Italy on the site of Rome. B. Pal- 
lantias -Mis, f. Aurora, a descendant of Pallas 
(IV.). C. Pallantls -Idos = Pallantias. D. 
Pallantius -a -um, relating to rallas (II. or 
HI.), heros, Evander, Ov. 

pallens -en lis, p. ndj. (from palleo). I. A. 
pride, wan : umbrae Erebi, Verg. B. pale or wan 
in colour, pale-yellow, pale-green; violae, Verg. ; 
hedera, Verg. II. making pale, causing yxdc- 
ness; morbi, Verg. 

palleo -iii, 2. to be pale. I. Gen., A. 1, lit., 
sudat. pallet, Cic. ; 2, nieton., a, to be. jxde or 
sick with desire, to long for ; argenti pallet amorr, 
Hor.; b, to be pide with fear or anxiety; ad 
omnia fulgura, Juv. ; poiitum, to pale at the sight 
of, Hor. B. Transf., to lose one's natural colour, 
Ov. II. to be yellow, Ov. 

pallcsco, pallfii, S. to grow pedr, turn pale, 
lose colour. I. Lit., nulla culpa, Hor. II. 
Transf., to grow yellow ; paljescimt froiujes, Qv, 



palllatus -a -um (pallium), clad in a pallium, 
i.e., as a Greek (opp. togat us, clad as a Roman); 
Graeculus, Cic. 

palliddlus -a -um (dim. of pallidus), some- 
what pale, Cat. 

pallidus -a -um (palleo), pale, wan, pallid-. 
I. Gen. 1, lit., pallida seili, pale with fright, 
Ov. ; 2, nieton., pass., causing paleness; mors, 
Hor. II. yellow, olive-green, Cat. 

palliolatus -a -um (pallidum), wearing a 
cloak, cape, or hood, Suet. 

paUIolum -i, n. (dim. of pallium), 1, a little 
Greek cloak or mantle, Plant. ; 2, « hoed, Ov. 

pallium -i, n. I. a coverlet, Ov. II. along 
Greek mantle, Cic. 

pallor -oris, m. (palleo), paleness, pallor ; 1, 
lit,, terrorem pallor consequitur, Cic; amant- 
ium, Hor.; 2, meton., anxiety, fright; personif. 
as a goddess, Liv. ; 3, unsightliness, unpleasant 
colour, Ov. 

palma -ae, f. (waXaun). I. the pedm of the 
hand; 1, lit,, Cic; 2, meton., a, the whole 
hand, the hand, Cic. ; b, the hla.de of an oar, 
Cat. II. the palm-tree ; 1, lit., Plin. ; 2, meton., 
a, the fruit of the palm, a date, Ov. ; b, a palm- 
branch, a besom or broom naale of palm-branches, 
Hor. ; the palm-branch as a token of victory, 
Liv.; hence, (a) the reward of victory ; palmam 
dare, accipcre, Cic. ; fig., palmam ferre, Cic. ; 
fame, Liv.; (j9) victory; alicui banc palmam 
reservare, Cic III. a shoot, twig; palma stip- 
itis, Liv. 

palmaris -e (palma), deserving the palm or 
prize, excellent, admirable; statua, Cic; sen- 
tentia, Cic. 

palmarlum -ii, n. (palma), a masterpiece, 
Ter. 

palmatus -a -um (palma), worked or em- 
broidered with palm-branches; tunica (worn by 
triumphing generals), Liv. 

palmes -Itis, m. (palma), a young branch or 
shoot of a vine, a vine-sprout, Verg. 

palmetum -i, n. (palma), a palm-grore, 
Hor. 

palmlfer -fSra -ferum (palma and fero), pro- 
ducing pedm-trees, abounding in palm-trees, Ov. 

palmosus -a -um (palma), full of palms, 
Verg. 

palmula -ae, f. (dim. of palma), the Hade of 
an oar, an oar, Verg. 

palmus -i, m. (palma), the palm of the hand, 
Plin. ; as a measure, a span (i of a Roman foot), 
Plin. 

palor, 1. dep. to wander about, stray about; 
agmen palatur per agios, Liv.; palantia sidera, 
Lucr. 

palpebra -ae, f. (palpo), the eyelid; gen. 
plur., palpebrae, the eyelids, Cic. 

palplto, 1. to move quickly, tremble, palpitate, 
throb ; cor palpitat, Cic. ; esp. of persons in 
death-agony, Ov. 

1. palpo, 1. and palpor. 1. dep. I. to 
stroke or touch gently, Ov. II. Fig., to coax, 
wheedle, caress; with dat,, scribenti palparer, 
ap. Cic. ; with ace, quein munere palpat, Juv. 

2. palpo -onis, m. (1. palpo), a cocrxer, 
whcedler, flatterer, Pers. 

paludamentum -i, n. the militrmj vhntk, a 
soldier's cloak, esp., n general's cloak, Liv. 

paludatus -a -um, clad in the military clwl; 
dressed in a general's cloak; Pansa uostjer palud- 
atus profectus est, Cic 



O) 



paludosus -a -flm (2. palus), marshy, boggy. 



pal 



391 



Pan 



palumbes (palumbls) -is, m. and f. a 
wood-pigeon, ring-dove, Verg. 

1. pains -i, m. (for paglus, from * pago, 
pango), a pale or stake. I. Gen., aliquem ad 
palum alligare or deligare, Cic. II. Milit. 1. 1., 
a stake on which Roman recruits exercised their 
weapons; aut quis non vidit vulncra pali? Juv. 

2. palUS -nil is, f. stagnant water, a swamp, 
marsh, morass, bug, fill, Cic. ; tarda pains, the 
Styx, Verg. 

paluster -tris -tie (2. palus). I. marshy, 
l°90'J, finny; liinus paluster, lav.; plur., 
palustria -Inm, n. marshy places, Plin. II. 
found or living in marshes ; ranac, Hor. 

Pamphylia -ae, f. (iTap.cpiMia), a district in 
Asia Minor, between Cilicia and Lycia. Adj., 
Pamphylius -a -iini, Pamphylian. 

pampincus -a -um (pampinus), pertaining 
to or consisting of vine-tendrils or leaves; liastae, 
garlanded with vine-leaves, Verg. ; corona, of 
vine-leaves, Tae. 

pampinus -i, m. and f. a vine-tendril, vine- 
leaf; uva vestita pampiim;, Cic. 

Pan, Panis and Panos, m. (Jlav), the god of 
woods and shepherds ; plur., Panes, rural deities 
resembling Pan. 

panacea -ae, if. and panacea -is, n. and 

panaX -ftcis, 111. (-aiaxeia, irava-Kd, irdvat;, 
lit., all-healing), a fabulous plant, to ivhich was 
attributed the power of healing all diseases, pana- 
cea-, heal-all, Verg. 

Panaetius -li, m. (IJaramos), a Stoic philo- 
sopher of Rhodes, teacher and friend of the younger 
Hcipio Africanus, 185-112 b.c. 

Panaetolicus -a -uin (ilaraiTwAiicds), re- 
lating to the whole of Aetolia ; consilium, Liv. 

Panaetolius -a -um (nou-aiTwAios), relating 
to the whole of Aetolia; consilium, Liv. 

panarium -ii, n. (panis), a bread-basket, 
Plni. 

Panathenaicus -a -um (Uava6rivaiK6s), of 
or relating to the Athenian festival of the Pan- 
athenaea; hence, subst., Panathenaicus 
-i, m. an oration of Isocrates delivered at the Pan- 
athenaea, Cic. 

panax = panacea (q.v.). 

Panchaia -ae, f. (Ilayxaia), a fabv Urns island 
in the Indian Ocean, near Arabia, famous for its 
incense; hence, adj., Panchaius and Pan- 
chaeus -a -um, Panchean. 

panchrestus -a -um (irdyxpno-Tos), good or 
•useful for everything ; inedieamentum, sovereign 
remedy, i.e., gold, Cic. 

pancratium (-<Sn) -ii, n. (TrayxpdTiov), a 

gymnastic contest, including both boxing and 
wrestling, Prop. 

Pandataria (Pandateria) -ae, f. (riai- 
fioTopio), an island in the bay of Naples, a 
place of exile under the Emperors, now Van- 
dotina. 

Pandion -Snis, m. (Ttav&iw), a king of 
Athens, father of Prog ne and Philomela; Pandi- 
onis populus, the Athenians, Lucr. ; Pandiono 
nata, Progne or Philomela, Ov. ; hence, adj., 
PandiSnlus -a -um, poet. = Athenian. 

J. pando, 1. (paudus), to lend, low, curve, 
Pirn. 

2. pando, pandi, pansum and passuin, 3. 
I. to stretch out, extend, expand; a, lit., vela, 
Cic; pennas ad solem, Verg. ; crines passi, 
capillus passus, dishevelled hair, Caes. ; passis 
manibus or palniis, with outstretched hands, 
Caes. ; b, fig., alia divina bona longe lateque se 
{wndnnt, Cic. JJ, Transf., A. to throw open; 



and in pass., to open itself, open ; a, lit., jauuaui, 
Plant. ; mocnia urbis, Verg. ; panduntur inter 
online* viae, Liv. ; b, fig., (a) to open, throw 
open; viam alicui ad dominationem, Liv. ; (£) to 
lay open inspcecli, tell, announce, explain; noiuen, 
Ov. ; res, Verg. B. to spread out to dry in the 
sun; racemi passi, Verg. ; lac passuin, curdled, 
Ov. .. . 

Pandrosos -i, f. (nd>/$po<ros), daughter, of 
Cecrops. 

pandus -a -um, bent, curved, bowed, crooked, 
Verg. 

pancgyricus-i, in. (iranjyvpucdt), an oration 
of Isocrates, celebrating tlie glories of Athens, 
Cic. 

Pangaeus mons, in. and poet., Pangaoa 
■Brum, n. (to nayyaior), a mountain of Mace- 
donia on the Thraeiam borders. 

pango, panxi, panctum, and pegi and 
peplgi, pactum, 3. (stem PAG, whence pac-s, 
paciscor, Gr. IIAr, whence mjyirufii). to fasten, 
Jix, drive in. I. Lit., clavum, Liv. II. Transf., 
A. 1, to make, undertake; neque prima per artem 
teinptainenta tui pepigi, Verg.; 2, to compose, 
write; versus do rerum natura, Lucr. ; poemata, 
Hor.; aliquid Sophocleum, Cic. B. to fix; 1, 
terminos, tines, Cic. ; 2, to agree upon, stipulate, 
contract; a, pacem, Liv. ; with genit. or abl. of 
price, tanti pepigerat, Liv. ; pretium quo pepig- 
erant, Liv. ; with ut and the subj., ut vobis 
mitterem ad bellum auxilia pepigistis, Liv. ; 
with infill., obsides dare pepigerant, Liv. ; b, 
esp., used frequently of a contract of marriage, 
haec mihi se pepigit, pater hauc tibi, -has be- 
trothed, Ov. 

panicum -i, n. the Italian panic grass, or 
wild millet (panicum Italicum, Linn.), Caes. 

panis -is, m. (root PA, Gr. IIA, whenee 
pa-sco, jrd-OMcu), bread ; panis cibarius, comvwn 
bread, Cic. ; secnudus, black bread, Hor. ; plur., 
ex hoc (genere radicis) efl'ecti panes, Caes. ■ 

Paniscus -i, ni. (IWiVkos), a sylvan deity, 
a little Pan, Cic. 

panniculus -i, in. (dim. of pannus), a little 
rug; bombycinus, a thin and scanty garment, 
Juv. . , . 

Pannomi :5rum, m. the Pannonians, in> 
habitants' of Pannonia. . Hence, Pannonia -ae, 
f. Pannonia, a district between Dacia, Koricum, 
and Illyria, part of modem Hungary, Slavunia 
and Bosnia. . , ' ,:.' 

pannosus -a -um (pannus), ragged, tattered, 
Cic. 

pannuoeus (-1US) -a -um (pannus), wrinkled, 
shrivelled, Pers. 

pannus -i, in. (iriji-os). I. a piece of cloth, 
garment ; assuitur pannus, Hor. ; a bandagt for 
the head, Ov. ; in sing, or plur., used contempt- 
uously, shabby clothes, rags, Hor. lit a rag, 
shred, Hor. 

Panomphaeus -i, in; (iWoM^aios), th& 

founder of oracles, surname of Jupiter. ' 

1. PanSpe -es, f. (niwdin]), an old' town in 
Phocis, on the Ccphisus. 

2. Panope -es, f. and Panopea -ae, f. a 

sca-nymph. 

Panormus -i, f. and Panormum -i, n. a 

town on the north coast of ,Sicily, colony of the 
Phoenicians, near modern Palermo. Hence, adj., 
Panorrnitanus -a -um, belonging to Panormus. 

pansa -ae (pando), splay-footed, having broad 
feet, Plant. 

pansus -a -um, panic, of pando. 

Pantagles (-as) -ae, in. (navrayivi), a 
small river on the eqst coast of Hi<;il>(, 



pan 



392 



par 



panthera -ae, f. (wdvOnpa), a panther, Cic. 
Pantheum -i, n. (Ilo^fleiov), a temple of 
Jupiter at Home, built by Agrippa. 

Panthous (-Sds)(ll<n0oos), and Panthus 
■i, m. (Tld^ou?), son of OthnjS, father of Euphor- 
bus. Hence, Panthoides -ae, in. a descendant 
of Panthiu ; a, Euphorbut, Ov. ; b, Pythagoras 
(who pretended that the soul of Euphorbus liad 
passed into his), Hor. 

pantdlabUS -i, in. (n-afroAd/3os, taking 
everything), name of a petrasite. 

pantomimus -i, m. (iravTAnipos), 1, a male 
dancer, name, Suet. ; 2, a ballet, pantomime, Plin. 

papae (jrairaO, interj. wonderful! indeed! 
Ter. 

papaver -Sris, n. the poppy, Verg. 

papavereus -a -um (papaver), o/or relating 
to the poppy ; comae, the stamens of a poppy, Ov. 

PapblagO -Onis, in. (lla<l>>*ayu>v), a Paphlag- 
onian. Hence, Paphlagocia -ae, f. (IIai/>Aa- 
yovia), a district in Asia Minor, between Pontus 
and Bithynia. 

Paphns (-OS) -i (TId<f>05). I. m. son of Pyg- 
malion, founder of the town of the same name. 
II. f. a town of Cyprus, sacred to Venus ; hence, 
adj., Paphlus -a -um, Paphian ; heros, Pyg- 
malion, father of Paphos ; myrtus, sacred to 
Venus, Ov. 

papllio -onis, m. a butterfly, Or. 

papilla -ae, f. o nipple, teat, used of both 
human beings and animals, Plin. ; meton.= the 
breast, Verg. 

Papirlus -a -um, name of a Roman gens; 
hence, Papirlanus -a -um, Papirian. 

Papiua -a -um, name of a Roman gens. 

papilla -ae, f. a pimple, pustule, Verg. 

papyrifer -fSra -ferum (papyrus and fero), 
producing the papyrus; Nilu.s, Ov. 

papyrus -i, f. and papyrum -i, n. (nam- 

pot). I. the plant papyrus. Hen. II. MetOll., 

A. ' garment made of the bark, Juv. B. paper 
made of the papyrus bark, Juv. 

par, p&ris, equal, like. I. like or equal to 
another thing or person. A. Gen., 1, adj., pari 
intervallo, Cacs. ; est tinitimus oratori poeta ac 
paene par, Cic. ; with in and the abl., ut sint 
pares in amore, Cic; with abl., libertate esse 
parein ceteris, Cic. ; with genit., cuius paucos 
pares tulit, like to him, Cic; with dak, liominem 
cuivis parem, Cic; with cum, quaedam ex eis 
paria cum Crasso, Cic; with inter se, inter se 
aeqnales et pares, Cic; followed by conj., par 
atquo, Cic. ; et, Cic; quam, Liv.j 2, subst., a, c, 
a mate, Ov. ; b, neut.,(a), the like; par pari re- 
spoudere, Cic. ; par impar ludere, to play at odd 
and even, Hor. ; (0) a pair; triaautquatuo* paria 
amicorum, Cic B. Esp., 1, equally strong as; a, 
adj., alicui, Caes. ; b, subst., an adversary, Liv. ; 
2, tig., suitable, appropriate ; par est, with ace 
and ii:tin., Cic. II. like to oneself, equal to one- 
self; ut par sis in utriusque oralionis facultate, 
Cic. 

parabflis -e (paro), tlud can be easily pro- 
cured, procurable; divitiae, Cic. 

Paraet&cene -fs, f. (HapaiTa*T)i/ii), a dis- 
trict on the borders of Media, and Persia; hence, 
Paraetacae -arum, m. the inhabitants of 
Paraetacene. 

Paraetfinium -ii, n. (TTapatToVioe), a fron- 
tier town of Egypt, on the sea. 

parasita -ae, f. (parasitu:), a toady, parasite, 
Ilor. 

parasitaster -tri, in. (parasitus). a poor, 
wnUmptihh parasite, Joy, 



parasiticus -a -um (Trapao-irncd?), like a 
parasite, parasitic, Plaut. 

parasitor, 1. dtp. (parasitus), to play the 
2*irasite, Plaut. 

parasitus -i, m. (irapatriros, rating with 
another), a toady, parasite, Cic 

parate, adv. (paratus), with preparation, 

readily; ad dicendiun venire inagis audacter 
qua m parate, Cic. 

paratio -onis, f. (paro), a preparation pre- 
paring for; paratio regni, u striving after 
sovereignty, Sail. 

1. paratus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. paro). I. 
prepared, ready; 1, victoria, easily won, Liv.; 
parata in agendo ct in respondent^ celeritas, 
Cic; 2, ready for something; a, of things, 
omnia sibi esse ad bellum apta ac parata, Caes.; 
b, of persons, ready for, inclined to; animo 
paratus, Caes. ; ad omnia mulieris negotia 
paratus, Cic ; acies parata neci, Verg. ; with 
infill., id quod parati sunt facere, Cic. II. a, 
well prepared ovprovided with anything, equipped ; 
adolesuens et equitatu et pedftatu et peeunia 
paratus, Cic. ; b, instructed, prepared ; ad per- 
movendos animos instructi et parati, Cic 

2. paratus -us, m. (1. paro), preparation, 
fitting out, piwision, equipment ; necessaiius 
vitae'cultus aut paratus, Cic 

Parca -ao, f. (connected with plec-to, am- 
plec-tor, Gr. jrAeVw, etc.), the goddess that allots 
the fate to each, the goddess of fate, Hor. Plur., 
Parcae, the three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and 
Atropos, Cic. 

parce, adv. (partus). I. sparingly, frugally, 
economically; frumentum parce metiri, Caes. 
II. 1, sparingly, moderately ; parcius dicere de 
laude alicuius, Cic. ; 2, rarely, seldom ; parcius 
quatiunt fenestras, Hor. 

parco, pSperci and parsi, paisum, 3. (parcus). 

I. to spare, to be sparing, moderate, frugal with 
anything; with dat., impensar, Liv.; suinptu, 
Cic; with ace, taleuta gnatis parce tuis, Verg. 

II. Transf., A. to spare, refrain from injuring; 
Bedificiis, Cic ; sibi, Caes. B. a, to leave off, 
desist from, cease; labori, Cic ; with intin., parce 
fidem ac jura soeietatis jactare, Liv. ; b, to re- 
frain from, keep oneself from ;'with dat., auxiliu, 
to make no "use of proffered aid, Cic; inetu, Verg.; 
with ab and the abl., ab incendiis, Liv. 

parous -a -um (connected with parum and 
n-oLupos). I. sparing (esp. in expenditure), 
frugal, thrifty, economical ; a, colonus, Cic; with 
genit., donan li, Hon; b, moderate, sparing; 
in largienda civrtate, Cic. II. scanty, small, 
little, slight ; parco sale contingere, Verg. ; 
lucerna, Prop. 

pardus -i, m. (ndpSos), a. panther, pard, 
Juv. 

1. parens -entis, p. adj. (from pareo), obed- 
ient ; parentiores exercitus, Cic. ; subst., par- 
entes -luin, m. subjects, Sail. 

2. parens -entis, c. (pario). I. a parent, 
father, mother; a, lit, Cic. ; usually plur., the 
parents; quae caritas est inter natos etparentes, 
Cic. ; alma parens Tdaeadeum, Hor.; b, transf., 
(a) author, cause, origin; opcruin, Cic; parens 
lyrae, Mercury, Hor. ; (fi) a mother-city, Liv. 
II. a grandfather, Ov. ; plur., ancestors, Verg. 

parentalls -e (2. parens). I. parental, of or 
relating to parents; umbra, Ov. II. o/or relating 
to tlie funeral of parents or other relations; a, 
adj., dies, Ov. ; b, subst., p&rentalia -nun, 
n. a festival in honour of deceased parents or other 
relations, Cic 

parento, 1. (2. parens). I. to celebrate the par. 
Plitfllja f« in I'l'in- of the 4ead; Febrngrio rn.ense. 



par 



393 



par 



luorttlis pareutari voluerunt, Cic. II. Transf.,' 
to bring an offering to the dead = to avenge the 
death of a person by that of another ; Cethcgo, Cic. 

parco -ui -Itum, 2. (akiii te pario). I. to 
appear, become visible, A. Lit., Mart. B. 
Transf., to be clear, evident; impers. paret, a 
legal formula, it is proved, Cic. II. 1, to obey, 
be obedient to; a, voluntati, legibus, Cic. ; duc- 
ibns, Liv. ; b, to be compliant, yield, give way 
to; necessitati, Cic. ; promissis, to perform one's 
promises, Ov. ; 2, to be subject to, to serve; neque 
uni neque paucis, Cic. 

paries -Stis, m. the wall of a house (opp. 
murus, the wall of a city) ; nullo modo posse 
iisdem parietibus tuto esse tecum, within the 
same house, Cic; prov., duo parietes de eadem 
fidelia dealbare, to kill two birds with one stone, 
ap. Cic. 

parffitlnae -arum, f. (paries), old walls, 
ruined walls, ruins, Cic. 

PariHa = Palilia (v. under Pales). 

parilis -e (par), similar, like, equal; aetas, 
Ov. ; vox, Ov. 

pario, pgpen, partum, fut. partic, p&riturus, 
3. (root PAR, whence 1. paro), to bring forth. 
I. Lit., quintum, for the fifth time, Cic. ; of birds, 
ova, to lay eggs, Cic. II. Transf., A. to bring 
forth, produce ; fruges et reliqua quae terra pariat, 
Cic. B. to invent, compose , verba, Cic. C. to 
produce, occasion, bring forth, invent, devise, ob- 
' tain ; a, in a good sense, sibi laudem, Cic. ; con- 
sulatum, Cic. ; parta bona, acquired, Cic. ; plur. 
subst., parta -orum, n. property tluit has been 
acquired ; b, in a bad sense, to occasion, procure, 
cause ; suspicionem, Cic. 

Paris -Wis, m. (ridpis), son of the Trojan king, 
Priam, the judge in the contest of beauty for the 
golden apple between Juno, Minerva, and Venus ; 
carried away Helen from her husband Menelaus 
to Troy, and thus caused the Trojan war. 

Parisil -Orum, m. a people in Gallia Celtica, 
whose capital was ,Lutetia (Parisiorum), now 
Paris. 

parlter, adv. (par). I. in like manner, alike ; 
caritate non parlter omnes egemus, Cic. ; fol- 
lowed by ut, atque, ac, et, Cic. ; qualis, Sail. ; 
by dat., Liv. XI. Transf., A. together with, at 
the same time as ; pariter cum luna crescere, 
Cic. B. likewise, also, Ov. 

parlto, 1. (intens. of 1. paro), to prepare, to 
get. ready to do anything, Plant. 

1. parma • ae, f. (ndpfuj), the small round 
shield or buckler worn by light-armed troops and 
cavalry, Liv. ; poet., any kind of shield, Verg. 

2. Parma -ae, f. town in Gallia Cispadana, 
colony of the Etruscans, now Parma. Hence, adj., 
Parmensis -e, of or belonging to Parma. 

Parmenides -is, m. (TlapueviSns), a famous 
Greek philosopher of the Eleatic School. 

parmatus -a -urn (parma), armed with the. 
parma, Liv. 

parmula' -ae, f. (dim. of parma), a small 
round shield, buckler, Hor. 

Parnasus (8s) and Parnassus (6b) -i, 

m. (napracrci?), a mountain in Phocis, sacred to 
Apollo and the Mxises; hence, adj., Parnasius 
(Parnassius) -a -urn, Parnassian, Delphian, 
relating to Apollo ; laurus, Verg. 

1. paro, 1. (root PAR, whence pario). I. to 
prepare, make ready, provide, furnish, equip; 
convivium, Cic. ; belluin, Caes. ; alicui necem, 
Liv.; with in (In., to prepare to do ' something ; 
publicas litteras Romam mittere parabam, Cic ; 
foil, by ut with the subj., si ita natura paratum 
esset, ut es dormientes agerent, Cic . II. 

13* 



Transf., to procure, get, obtain. A, cxercitum, 
copias, Sail. ; non modo pacem seii etinm socie- 
tatein, Liv. ; pracsidiuin sencctuti, Cic. B. 
Esp., to procure with money, buy ; hortos, Cic. 

2. paro, 1. (par), 1, to prize or esteem equally ; 
eodem vos pono et paro, Plaut. ; 2, to ogre*, 
arrange with ; se paraturum cum college, Cic. 

X paro -onto, m. (napu>v), a small, light vessel, 
skiff, Cic. 

parochUS -i, m. (rfapoxos), 1, an officer in 
Italy or in the provinces who provided with neces- 
saries ambassadors and magistrates when on a 
journey, Cic. ; 2, transf., one who gives an en- 
tertainment, a host, Hor. 

paropsls -Idis, f. (jrapo<//w), a small dish, 
dessert-dish, Juv. 

P&rus (-is) -i, f. (riopo^, an island in the 
Aegean Sea, famous for its white marble. Hencp, 
Parlus -a -urn (ndptot), Parian ; lapis, Parian 
marble, Verg. ; iambi, of Archilochiis, who mis 
born at Paros, Verg. 

parra -ae, f. o bird of ill omen, according to 
some, the owl, to others, the woodpecker, Hor. 

Parrhasia -ae, f. {Xlaplxuria), a district and 
city in Arcadia ; hence, adj., 1, Parrhasis 
-Idis, f. Arcadian; Aretes or ursa = ursa major- 
or Callisto ; subst, Parrhasis = CaM£sto, Ov.; 2, 
Parrhasius -a -urn ; a, Arcadian; virgo, Cal- 
listo, Ov. ; dea, Carmenta, Ov. ; b, relating to 
the Palatine Hill, imjierial (because the Arca- 
dian Evander was said to have settled upon the 
Palatine), Mart. 

1. Parrhasius, v. Parrhaaia. 

2. Parrhasius -li, m. (Jlappiaios), a cele- 
brated Greek painter of Ephesus, rival ofievxis, 
flourishing about 400 B.C. 

parricida -ae, c. (perhaps from pater and 
caedoX a parricide; -a,, one who murders his 
father or parents, Cic; b, one who 'slays near 
relations; parricida llberum, Virgimus, Liv. ; 
0. murderer of a free citizen ; parricida civ'^m, 
Cic. ; d, murderer of the head of the state, Cic ,; 
6, a traitor, betrayer of one's country, rebel ; 
parricidae rcipublicae, Cic '\ 

parricidlum -II, n. (parricida), 1, th. my'rder 
of a father or parents, parricide; the mVyfr of 
any near relation; fratris, Liv.; pntris et 
patrui, Cic ; 2, the murder ef a free citizen, 
Cic; 3, high treason, ffo-'betrivyin? of one's 
country; parricidium patriae,' Cic 

pars, partis, ace. partlm and partem, f. a 
part, portion, piece-. X. Gemjtirbis, Cic. ; partes 
facere, to divide, Oic ; partem habere in aliqua 
re, to have a share in, Cic. Especial phrase?, 
a, pars . . . pars, some,,-, ., others, Liv.; b 3 
parte . . . parte, partly ... partly, Ov. ; pro 
parte or pro sua, mea, etc, parte, for his part, 
Cic; o, ex aliqua parte, in tome-dtgree, Cic ; 
magna ex parte, to a great extent, Cic ; omni ex 
parte, cdtogether, Cic ; d, magnam partem, to a 
great extent, Cic. ; e, ace. partim, in part, Cic ; 
i', multia partibus = many times, much ;. ]>lures, 
Cic. ; e, in earn partem, in such a ?n«na«r," 'Cic, 
or with a view to, Cic ; in utramque partem (p» 
both sides, pro and contra) disputare, Cte., or in 
both cases, Cic ; h, in omnes partes, aUogetlitr, 
completely, Cic. ; i, in partem venire alicuius roi, 
to take a share in, Cic. ; j, in parte, in part, Liv.; 
k, pro parte, to the best of his ability, Liv. II. 
A. species, Cic. B. a party, faction; nullius 
partis esse, ne utral, Cic. C. the part or irdle of 
an actor ; a, lit., prlmas partes agere, the had- 
ing part, Cic. ; b, transf., a part, office, function, 
duty; tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes, Cic. 
D. apart, portion, diftrict of the earth ; partes 
orientis, Cic. 



par 



394 



pas 



parsimdnia -ae, f. (parco), th rijliness, yarn- 
vtony, Cic 

Parthaon -onis, m, (KapBduv), son of 
Agenor, king in Calydon, father of Oeneus ; Par- 
thaone natiis, Oenevs, Ov. Adj., Partha- 
onius -a -urn, of Parthaon; doiruts, of Oenevs, 
Ov. 

Partheni (Parthini) -orum, m. an fUyrian 
people nea r Dyrrhach i u m . 

parthSnice :5s, 1. (irap0*i'nc»j), the |>?j»»t 
farthenium, Cat. 

Parthemus -ii, m. a mountain on the 
borders of Argolis and Arcadia. 

Parthenopaeus -1, m. (nap6evoiraio<i)j one 
of the seven princes who fought agai?ist Thebes. 
1 Parthenope -Gs, f. (napOevonrj), old name 
of the town of Seapolis, so called from the Siren 
Parthcnope, who was said to have been buried 
there. Adj., Parthenopeius -a -um, Par : 
tncnopcar. ; poet.= Neapolitan.: :v 

Parthi -orum, m.(IIapeoi), a Scythian nomadic 
people, famous for their archery; saixtge- enemies 
of the.Romans. Hence, Parthicus and Par- 
thtia -a -urn, Parthian. 

partfceps -cipis (pars and capio), sharing, 
participating in; animus rationis compos et 
particeps,-. Cic.-; praedae ac praemiorum; Caes. ; 
with Safe, alicui ad onine secrethm, T ac Subst, 
a sharer, partaker, comrade; huius belli ego 
particeps et socius et adjutov esse cugor, Cic. 

participo, 1. (particeps),, to cause to share, 
than vith any one; laudes cum aliqno, Liv. ; 
.id pirticipandum alium alio c<>m;iiunicand- 
timque inter omnes jus, Cic. 

partlCUl* -a*, f. (dim. of pars), n small p\irt, 
pfuiian, pnrtlcU ; cadi, Cic. 

partim, adv. (ace. of pars), portly, in part, 

partlo, 4. and partior, 4. dep. (pars), to 
tflriJe, f<i,b-ilii\:tf. I. genus univcrsum in 
bwitIm eertas nartietui ac divide!-, Cic. II. to 
■IhMbvte, share; consules designati 
piovii;,>i,i3 inter, se gartiverant, Sail.; nonne 
aerarin. n cum co partitas es? Cic. 
. .partite, adv. (pirtitua, from partior), with 
.pm^r divisions' ;. ulcere, Cic. 

partitlo -<"nis, f. (partio). I. a division; 

I, (jrcecoi partitionra 1 luandam artium fecisse 
TiJcr Cic,; 2k,-.esp.>, a .<,;'Sc«Jor rhetorical divi- 
sion of a subject, Cic. II. a division, distribu- 
'•';>, : vnit:on; acquaints p.aedae pavtitio, Cic. 

partitus -a nm, pari ic. of partior. 
■ partiirio, «1 (do: Hter. of pario). I. to desire 
toorlny forth, lifcve the pains of labour; 1, lit., 
p\ iv.,- T^rturlmil-iuontes, nascetur ridiculus 
mus, Kor.; 2, tig., -a, 'to lieprcgnoMl with any- 
ihim, to rtHeditatn; MUeiul ; tit aliquando dolor 
P. R. puriat, qiVKl jamdiu parturit! Cic; b, 
fm tUUcioiit, troubled; si-tamquam parturiat 
unus pro plnvibns, Cic- II. to bear, bring forth, 
pvadits* ; nunc onvnis parturit arbos, Verg. 

partus -Us, m. (pario). I. a bearing, bring- 
■>'?'.;; firrtb you ng, a birth ; quum jam appropin- 
qtiare partus putaretur, Cic; fig., Graeeiae 
orntorum imrtus atque fontes, beginnings, Cic 

II. Jletoii., A- the time of bearing, Cic. B. that 
which is hroaght forth, the fruit of the. womb ; 
partum edere, to give birth to, Cic;; partus 
t*rrae, the giants, Hor. ■ 

parum, adv. (from same rorit as parvus and 
iro0pof),compar.,mJnu3, superb, minime; too 
little, not enough (opp. satis, nimium). • I. Posit, 
parum id fario, / make little ooeoxmt of that. Sail. ; 
parum est, foil, by quod, it is not enough thai, 
etc., Cic. ; parum habere, to think too little, be 



dissatisfied with; foil, by infin., Liv.; parum dill, 
too short, Cic. ; non parum saope, often enough, 
Cic IL Compar., minus. A. less; minus ac 
minus, Plin. ; minus minusque, less awl less, 
Liv. ; nihil minus, nothing less, not at oil, by no 
means, Cic. ; foil, by quam, ac, atque. Liv.; 
with quam omitted, baud minus duo millin, 
not less than two thousand, Liv.; foil, by abl., 
minus triginta diebus, mi less than thirty days, 
Cic; nno minus teste uaberet, one witness the 
less, Cic. ; multo minus, much les-s, Cic. ; bis sex 
ceciderunt, me minus uno, except me alone, 
Ov. B. not particularly ; minus multi, Cic. 
C. not; a, after quo, 'that, proliibuisso, quo 
minus, etc., Cic. ; b, in-ther formulae,- ^r minus, 
if not; sin minus, but if not, Cic- D,= parum, 
too little; dfecre, Cic III. Superl., miniin'e, 
in the least degree, very little, least of all ; .q\\od . 
minime apparet et valet plurimum, Cic. ; with 
adjectives = not at all, by no means; homo 
minime ambitiosus, Cic.-; ia answers, by no 
means, not at all, Cic. ; minime vero, Cic. 

parumper, adv. (iravpov Trip), for a Tittla 
while, a little space ; abduci> parumper animum 
a inolestiis, Cic. 

parunculus -i, m. (dim. of 3. paro), a little 
skiff or vessel, Cic. 
Parus — Paros (q.v.). 
parvitas -atis, f. (parvus)," littleness, small- 
ness, Cic 

parviilus -a -urn (dim. of parvus). I. very 
small, very little, minute ;$ res, pecunia, Cic. 
II. Of age, young, litll'- ; Alius, Cic; ab par- 
vttlis, fruni childhood, Caes. 

parvus -a -nm (pavrus, by change of con- 
sonants, from same root, as navpoq), compar., 
minor, superl., minimus; Utile, small. I. 
Lit.', A. Of size or extent, locus, Cic ; iiavicula, 
Cic. ; minor capitis = capite deminutus (se^ 
dpininuo), Hor. B. Of number or quantity, 
a, adj., minimus Humerus, Liv.; b, subst., 
parviim -i, n. a littU; contentusptirvo, Cic; 
minus praedae, Liv.; c, adv., minimum, very 
little : valere, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of value, 
slight, unimportant; a, adj., parvo vendere 
pretio, Cic. ; b, subst., parvum -i, n. some- 
thing little or slight; parvi aestimo or duco, / 
think little of, Cic; minoris vendere, cheaper, 
Cic B. Of strength or degree, slight, weak; 
a, of the voice, etc., (a) weak; pnrvae murmur* . 
vocis, Ov. ; (/3) abject ; verbis minoribns uti, 
Ov. ; b, of the intellect, poor, unproductive^ 
ingeninm, Hor.; c, of thought, will, etc., little; 
abject, mean ; parvi animi, Cic ; d, of circum- 
stances, trifling, unimportant, slight; coiu- 
motitim, Cic'.;. prov., minima de rhalisj we must 
choose the least evil, Cic ; e, of persons, pom- in, , 
position, unimportant, low, insignificant ;.domus', 
Ov. Compar., minor! with abl.', inferior to, 
dependent on;.te minor, Hor.- C. Of time, 1, 
short ; dies, Ov. ; 2, = young ; minor natu, 
younger, Cic. Subst,, parvus -i, mi a little 
boy, Cic; parva -ae, f. a little girt, Cic. ; a 
parvo, froni boyhood, Cic; minores, -.ytjvng 
people, Hor., Ov. - 

pasco, pavi, pastum, ?.. (root PA r whence 
panis, Or. ITA, whence Trao/iou). I. 16 feed cattle, 
lead cattle to pasture. A. Lit., 1, sues, Cic ; 
2, hence, gen., to feed, nourish, support; of 
animals, ubi bestiae pastae sunt, Cic; of human 
beings, olusculis nos soles pascere, Cic ; quot 
pascit servos, Juv. B. Transf., 1, to feed, in- 
crease, enlarge, let grow; barbam, Hor.; crinem, 
Verg. ; 2, to feed, feast, gratify; oculos in aliqua 
re, Cic II.= depascere. A» to feed on; as- ' 
perrima (collium), Verg. B. to consume, Ov. 
Hence, pascor, p 03 *"" sum, pascl, 3. dep. 
I. 1. to fr'd, eat, or a re on; boves pascuntuT 



pas 



3% 



pat 



Irondibus, Verg.; 2, of the sacred eliic}teli4, to 
eat; quum pulli nou paseereutur, ;< fused to eat, 
Cic. II. With ace, to feed on; pasctintur 
silvas, Verg. 

pasoiius -a -uui (pasco), Jit for pasture or 
grazing ;ager, Cic ; hence, subst., pascuum 
•i, a. a pasture; plur., pasoua -orum, n. 
pastures, Cic. 

Paslph&e -is, f. and Paslphaa -ae, f. 
(Ua<rt<j>dri), daughter of Helios (Sol), sister of Circe, 
mother of the Minotaur, Androgens, Phaedra, and 
Ariadne. Adj., Pasiph&eius -a -urn, relating 
to Pasipha'e; subst.,. Pasiphaeia -ae, f.= 
J'lmedra, Ov. 

Pasithca -ae, f. and Paslthee -es', f. 
(JIa<n6<ia, BamMq), one of the three Graces. ■ 
' passer -ens, m. (for panser, from pando), 

1, a sparrow, Cic, Cat. ; 2, a sea-Jish, a turbot 
or plaice, Ov. • • 

passeroulus -i, m. (dim.'of passer), a little 
sparrow, Cic. 

passim, adv. (passus from pando). I. here 
ami there, vp and down, far and wide, in a dis- 
orderly manner, confusedly; Numidae nullis 
ordinibus passim consederant, Caes. II. with- 
out distinction, indiscriminately, promiscuously ; 
scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim, 
Hor. 

passum -i, n. (pando, sc. vinura), wine made 
of dried grapes, raisin-wine, Verg. 

1. passus -a -um, partic. of pando. 

2. passus -a -um, partic. of patior. 

3. passus -iis, m. I. a step, stride, pace. 
A. a, lit., passus perpauculi, Cic; b, rig., 
paSBibus amoiguia Portuna errat, Ov. B. a 
footstep, track; passu stare tenaci, Ov. II. the 
pace (a Roman measure, of length) — fire feet; 

->mille passus, a mile, Cic. 

pastillus -i, m. (dim. of panis), a lozenge 
vied to give an agreeable smell to the breath, Hor. 

pastlo -onis, f. (pasco), a pasture., Cic. 

paster -Oris, m. (pasco), a herd; esp.j a 
shepherd, Cic. ; pastorum domina, Pales, Ov. ; 
pastorum dux geminus, Romulus and Remus, 
Cic. 

pastoralis -e (pastor), of or relating to a 
shepherd, pastoral, Cic " ■ • ■ 

past orlcius -a -um (pastor), relating to sliep- 
herds, Cic. . u . 

pastor 1US -a -um (pastor), relating to shep- 
herds, Ov. . . 

pastus -iis, m. (pasco). I. fealivg.- A. Lit., 
ad pastum accedunt, Cic. B. Meton.. fodder, 
food; pastum capessere et conficere, Cic II. 
pasture, Verg. tultl i -• .'.,:.--...,, . 

Patara -orum, n. (ndrapa), a city in Lycia, 
with a, celebrated oracle .of Apollo; hence, 1, 
PatSroUS -ei and -60s, m. a surname of Apollo ; 

2, Pataraeus -a -um, Patarean ; 3, Pata- 
rani -orum, m. the inhabitants of Patara. 

Patavium -ii, n. a town in Venetian on 1lie 
banks of the Medoacus, birth-place of the historian 
Livy, now Padua. Adj., Patavinus -a -um, 
Patavinian. 

patefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., patofio 
-factus sum -fieri (pateo and facio), to open, make 
open, lay open. I. Lit., A. aures assentatori- 
bus, Cic. B. 1, to make accessible, to open ; vias, 
iter, Caes. ; to open up a place, patefactum 
nostris legionibus esse Pontum, Cic; 2, to make 
visible, Cic. ; 3, to open (by digging, etc.);,pTesso 
sulcum sratro, Ov. II.. Transf., to -bring 4o 
light, disclose, display, rsDeakV-Cdivna aujraL in 
'oe, Cic ; comparationeiu, Cic ; rem, Cic. . :< . tt 



patefactio -onis, f. (patefacio), a throuAng 
open, disclosing; rerum opertarum, Cic 

patella -ao, f. (dim. of patera), 1, a dish, 
platter, plate (used both in the cookerv and 
serving up of food), Hor. ; 2, a dish in which 
offerings xoerc presented to the gods, a sacrificial 
dish, Cic .... 

patens -entls, p. adj. (from pateo). I. open, 
unobstructed, accessible; caelum, Cic. ; loca, Caee. 
II. open, exposed to; domus patens cupiditati 
et voluptatibus, Cic. 

patenter, adv.- (patens), openly, evidcntlv, 
clearly; compar., patentius, Cic. , 

pateo -tui, 2. (perhaps connected with' irerdp- 
wfj.i), to be open, staiid open, lie open. I. nafes 
semper propter necessarias utilitates patent, Cic. 
XL A. to be open, accessible; a, lit., aditus pat- 
uit, Cic. ; b, to stand open, to be at the service of, 
to be in the power of; honores patent alicui, Cic 

B. to lie open, to, to be exposed to; vulneri, ; Liv. 

C. to lie open before the eyes, to be visible ; a, 
lit,, nomen in adversariis patet, Cic. ; b, transf., 
to be revealed, disclosed, clear; res patentee. 

D. Geograph. t t., a, lit., to- stretch-out, 
extend; Helvetiorum fines in longitudinemmillia 
passuum CXL patebant, Cic. ; • b, traiwf., to 
spread, extend itself; in quo vitio latissime pa,t«* 
avaritia, Cic. 

pater -tris, in. Oraujp), re father. I. A. Lit., 
aliquem patris loco colere, Cic'; plur'., paties, 
parents, Ov. B. Poet., meton., 1 jntherty love ; 
rex patrem vicit, Ov. ; 2, the author. or source of 
anything, Verg. II. Transf., A. father-in-law, 
Tac. B. a, pater familias or familiae, ihejiead of 
a household, Cic. ; b, pater cenae, the hod, Hor. 
C patres, fatliers, ancestors ; aetas patrum n • 
trorum, Oic. D. Used as a title of honour ; a, 
of the gods, Lemnius, Vulcan, Qic; Lesnaeu-, 
Bacchus, Verg; ; b, esp. the title by which the 
senators were addressed, patres^conscripti,-^!? 
C, pater patriae, fu.Qier of Ms country, a nathh 
sometimes given to distinguished statesmen. 
Ov. ; d, pater patratus, the chief of the felw. 
Cic. ; e, used as a title of respect toward^'-ai 
old man, Verg. 

patera -ae, f. (pateo), a shallow - 
saucer from which a libation icaspcwrcd, Ck. 

Patereulus -i, m C. Velicius, a foinar 
historian under Augustus and Tiberius-. 

paternus -a -um (pater), I, ef or felatini^h 
a Jathcr, fatherly, paternal; horti, Cic ; %<*•& 
elating to one's native country,- HcWj^/'fUimetV. 

Hor - _...-•• 'stot&i ,j 

patesco, patui, 3. (pateo),ti be openedjlU 
open. I. Gen., a, lit., atri* lQnga patescum, 
\erg. ; b, to be mealed, disclosed; Danauni 




bcar-Jble;. dolorcs, Cic 
natura, Cic. 



Act.,' wuiitive; 



patlbiiliun -i, n. ci fork-skaped yoke, an 1.; 
strument of punishment fastened d)i the «cfc of 
slaves and criminal'., Cic. 

patlens -cntis, p. au;j. (fr om patior). '• L, 
bearing, enduring, capable t/etidwrtTip. A. Lit, 
with genit., patiens labium, Sail: ; ainnis 
navium patiens, navigable; Liv;j aniroum fi 111 * 
ientem incomniodorum, Cic. B. Poet., ./™, 
hard, unyielding; aratrum, Ov, jj. tndvring, 
patient; ut ne offendam tuai. patientisJJSiaa 
aures, Cic. 

pfttient$,r v ad.y. (parens), pa^ly; fqxt> t 
Cic. 

patlentia -as, f. (patiens), end^nce, .j, 
fands, frigoris, Cie. : IX. 4m patience, loi<, a . S nf tr . 



pat 



ma 



pau 



lug l iu c.il-enJo, Cic. 3. indolence, faint- 
heartedness, Tac. C. subjection, Tac 

patina -ae, f. (n-ar^n)), a dish, Cic. 

patior, pass-us sum, 3. dep. (root PAT, con- 
nected Wltll n-<i<rx<o. aor. i-ira9-oi>), to suffer, 
lea; endure. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, of persons, 
tolcranter dolores, Cic. ; gravissimum suppli- 
Clum, Caes. ; id damnum hand aegerrimc pati, 
Liv. ; b, of things, tunc patitur cultus ager, 
Ov. B. to iast, endure ; novem saecula (of the 
crow), Ov. II. Transf., 1, to suffer, experience; 
multam repnlsam, Ov. ; 2, to suffer, permit, 
allow ; ista, Cic. ; with aec and intln., nullo se 
imphcari negotio passus est, Cic. ; with at and 
the subj., quod si in turpi reo patiendum non 
esset ut arbitrarentur, Cic. ; non patior, foil, by 
quin, nullum patiehatur esse diem quin in foro 
diceret, he allowed no day to pass without speak- 
iTig, Cic. ; with adv., facile, libenter, aequo 
aciiuo, indigne pati, with ace. and infln., Cic. ; 
with things as subjects, quantum patiehatur 
pudor, Cic. 

Patraa -arum, f. (Ifdrpai), o sea-port in 
Achate, now Patras. Adj., Patrensis -e, re- 
tUUm to Patme. 

patrator -oris, m. (patro), an accomplisher, 
WkUikr, effector ; necis, Tac. 

patrin -ae, f, father-land, v. patrius. 

p&trlci&tus -us, m. the rank or condition of 
(i pitrlcian, Suet. 

patricida (pater and caedo), one who mur- 
der? his fath tr; Oi c . 

patriOlUS -a -urn (patres, v. pater, II. D. b), 
pal ricmn, noble; 1, adj., familia, Cic; 2, mibst., 
patfricHis, '.«, jwfrin'c n, and plur., patricii, the 
Roman jxttr Haitb or nobility, Cic; cxire e pa- 
Tliciis, ft) fa adopted into a plebeian family, Cic. 

patrimonh.m -ii, n. (pater), property in- 
"herUta from a fnther, patrimony ; accipere duo 
lauta et copiosa patrirnoma, Cic. ; fig., tllio meo 
satis aznpluin natrirnonium felinquam, memor- 
iam nominis mci, Cic. 

patrLmus -a -urn (pater), having a father 
:ttll living, Cic . 

patrctUB -a .urn (pater), pair mat; patnta 
«lia akqne avita philosojjiia^ C..\ 

patriUB -a 1 -«m (pater), of or relating to a 
frtkec,Jath«rl)f, paternal. I. Adj., animus, Cic.; 
amor, Ov ; .res, property inherited from one's 
fnOur, Cic.; niofi, ancestral, ancient, Tic II, 
Subst, patria •'.•■. f tsc 'erra), father-land, 
'/i .".•■>- lofl ; aliquem rcstifuere in patriam, 
pee, patrius -a ->.... fine's 

r. r ' -i ; ritUs, Ci' . 

„*0, 1. to (W-omplish; ptrfonr jcecute, 

c , 'if. ■ i'roir)!8, u a, Cic. ; nellnrn. to bring to an 

ill"- pAcmi.. ' ' v - '• Jnsj'rramltipi, to pro- 

■ <«lruin ot'tl "' '■ • "*<"» "/" twtV, 



■E 



- pntronociuium, from 

?w/,'»», defunct in a court of 

lUA pa'Tociniasuscipere, Cic; 

ts, ap. Cic. ii. Transf., 

■finltim voluptatis rc- 



V-trooui^ir-. 
vonus). I. 
r; ".ontrc. 
meton.,p;'r: 
defence, 
pudiare, C 

patrraSnor. i. & c l>- (patronus), to protect, 
■ defend ; t-iiciii, Tot- 

Patroolas-^ "*• (JlirpoKXtxi),sonof Menoetius, 
friejul and c.'.<. rt * of ■ Achilles, slain by Hector 

Troy. .-.,.. 

' patroaa' -* e . f - '(patronns), 'a prjteitrhs, 
patroness, fc ; esp-, the mistress or protectress 
wxfm.i'n, PLn.; fig., a protectress; provocatio 
paur-fi* i'-H civitatts et vindex libertntis, Cie. 



patronus -i, m. (pater). I. the prvtolor, 
defender, patron of a body of clients ; the j atron 
or powerful friend at Rome of a state or city; a 
defender, advocate before a court ofjiisttcf ; jiot- 
tronus, defensor, eiistos coloniae, Cic ; miic 
f-i.uMC psitroninu ovsistere, Cic. ; esp., //"■ pfio- 
lector of >' frecthnan, i.e.. his master before hff tvits 
freed, Cic. II. Transf., a defender, protector; 
plebis, Liv. ; foederum, Cic. 

patriiclis -e (patruus). I. descended from a 
father's brother; frater patruelis, cousin on the 
father's side, Cic; transf., the son of a pnterr.nl 
aunt, Cic. II. n/or relatingto a cousin, eovsinlli, 

0v - s M 

1. patruus -i, m. (pater), <j father's brother, 
paternal uncle; a, lit., Cic. ; b, tig., a severe re- 
prover, Cic. 

2. patruus -a -um (pater), of or relating to 
an uncle, Hor. 

P&tUlclUB -Ii, m. (pateo), a surname of Janus, 
whose temple i«w always open in time of war, Ov. 

p&tulUS -a -um (pateo). I. open, standing 
open ; pinna, Cic. ; fenestrae, Ov. II. iride- 
spreading, extended ; rami, Cic ; loca urbis, Tac. 

pauoitas -fitis, f. (paucus), fewness, scarcity, 
paucity; oratorum, Cic; milltnm, Caes. 

pauculUS -a -um (dim. of paucus), very 
small; gen. iu plur., very few ; dies, Cic. 

paucus -a -um, oftener plur., pauci -ae -a 

(connected with paulns and pauper, and Gr. 
waCpo?). L/ew, little; pauco foramine (=paiuis 
foraminibus), Hor. ; paucis rebus, Cic. ; pauci- 
ores viri, Cic. Plur. subst., a, pauci -drum, m. 
a fim; esp., (o) (like oi oAtyoi), the oligarchs; 
O) the select few (opp. populus), Cic. ; b, pauca 
-orum, n. a few words ; ut in pauca conferam, 
Cic. II. n few ; paucis diebns, Cic. 

paulatim (paullatlm), adv. I. gradually, 
little by little; a, of place, paulatim ab imo 
acclivis, Caes. ; b, of time, si paulatim hnee 
consuetudo serpere ac prodiie coeperit, Caes. 
II. singly, one after another ; excastrisdiscedere 
eoepemnr, Caes. 

pauli8per(paullispgr),adv. a little while, 
a short time ; partes alicuius snscipere, Cic. ; 
foil, by dum, Cic. ; donee, Liv. 

paulo (pauilo), v. panlua. 

paululo (paullulo), v panlnlnn. 

paululua (paullulus) -a -um (dim. of 
panlua), very little, very small ; via, Liv. ; ne.ut., 
paultilum -i. n., a, subst., a very little ; morae, 
Cic. ; b, adv., a little; paululuni rcspirare, Cic. ; 
paululo with compar., paululo deterius, a little 
worse, ap. Cic 

1. paulus (paullus) -a -um (connected 
with paucus and pauper, and Gr. na.vpo<;), little, 
small; snmptus, Ter.; neut., pauluin ; a, subst.. 
n, little ; pallium aliquid daiiini, Cic; pnnlo, by a 
little, a little ; with compar., paulo melior, Cic. ; 
with adv., paulo seens, Cic. ; b, adv., a little ; 
pauluin commorari, Cic. 

2. PaulUS (Paullus) -i, m. the name of a 
family of the gens Aemitia, of which the. most 
famous were : 1, L. Aemilius Paulus, who com- 
manded, with C. Terentins Varrn, at Cannae, 
and uxut there slain; 2, I>. Aemilius Paulns 
Macedonicus, son of the preceding, the conqueror 
of Perseus, king of Macedonia. 

pauper -*ris (contracted for pauei-per = 
■niirgi), poor, not wealthy ; a, of persons, homo, 
Cic. ; vir, Cic. ; with genit., argenti, Hor. ; 
snbst., pauper, a poor man, Ov. ; b, transf., 
of things, poor, scanty, meagre ; domus, Verg. 

p&uperoulus -a -um (dim. of pauper), poor, 
Hor. 



pau 



397 



pauperies -ei, f. (pauper), poverty, indigence, 

paupSro, 1. (pauper). I. to make poor, 
Plaut II. Traiisf., ahquein aliqua re. to rob or 
deprive of anything, Hor. 

paupertas -Stis, f. (pauper), poverty. A. 
Lit, humble circumstances (opp. divftiae) ; pau- 
pertas vel potius egestas ac mendicitas, Cic. 
B. Transf. (= egestas, inopia), need, want, in- 
digence, Cic. 

pausa -ae, f. (naiia-it), a pause, cessation, 
stoppage, end; vitae, Lucr. 

Pausanias -ae, in. (JXavo-avCa^), son of Cleom- 
brotus, commander of the Spartans at Plataea. 

pausSa (pausia) and posea -ae, f. aspects 
of olive, which produced an excellent oil, Verg.. 

Pausias -ae, ace. -an, m. (Havo-ia*), a Greek 
painter of Sicyon, contemporary with Apelles. 
Adj., PausI&CUS -a -um, of or relating to 
fausias; tabella, Hor. 

pausillulum = pauxilluluui, v. under paux- 
illulus. r 



pec 



pauxillatlm, adv. (pauxillus), gradually, 
by degrees, Plaut. u ' 

pauxillisper, adv. (pauxillus), a little while, 
■ Plaut. ' 

pauxillulus -a -um (dim. of pauxillus), 
very little, very small, Plaut. ; subst, pauxil- 
lulum -i, n. a little, Plaut. 

pauxillus -a -um (dim. of paucus), small, 
little, Lucr. ; subst., pauxillum -i, n. a little, 
Plaut. ' 

pavefacio, 3. (paveo and facio), to frighten, 
terrify; fouud only in partie, pavefaetus, terri- 
fied, Ov. 

paveo, pavi, 2. to fear, be afraid of, to quake 
with fear; inde admiratione paventibus cuuetis, 
Liv. ; with ace, lupos, Hor. ; varia miracula, 
Liv. ; with ad and the ace, ad omnia, Liv. • 
witu intra., Ov. 

pave sco, 3. (paveo), to fear, be afraid of, 
be terrified; with abl. of cause, omni strepitu 
ball. ; with ace, bellum, Tac. 

pavide, adv. (pavidus), fearfully, in a state 
of terror; fugere, Liv. 

Pavidus -a -um (paveo). I. trembling, 
quaking, fearful, terrified; castrij, se pavidus 
tenebat, Liv. ; with ne and the subj., pavidi lie 
jam facta in urbem via esset, Liv. ; with genit 
offensionum, Tac. II. causing terror, producing 
fear ; religiones, Lucr. ; metus, Ov. 

pavimento, 1. (pavimentum), to pave, ap. 

pavimentum -i, n. (pavio), a pavement of 
tiles, brick, stone, etc., laid in a bed of strong 
cement ; pavimentum facere, Cic. 

pavio, 4. (n-aFuo), to beat; terrain, Cic. 

pavlto, 1. (intens. of paveo), 1, to tremble, 
quake with fear, Vcrg. ; 2, to quake, shiver with 
ague, Ter. 

pavo -onis, in. (onomatop., root PA, cf. Or. 
Tom), a peacock, Cic. 

pavor -oris, m. (paveo). I. a trembling or 
trepidation produced by fear, expectation, joy, 
etc., Cic. ; alicui pavorem injicere, incutere, to 
cause fear, Liv.; pavor est, pavor aliquem capit, 
loll, by ne and the subj., Liv. II. Personif., 
' Pavor, as a deity, Liv. 

pax, pacis, f. (root PAC, whence paciscor, 
pango, mjyyvnO, peace. L Lit, pacem con- 
ciliare, conticere, facere cum aliquo, to make 
peace, Cic. ; servare pacem cum abquo, to keep 
peace, Cic. ; uti pace, to be at peace, Cic; turbare 
iiaeeia, Liv. Plur., paces, conditions or pro- 

1 ■•«•-■■ . , ' ..- . f_ .; 



posals of peace; bella atque paces, Sail. Personif. 
Pax, the goddess of Peace, Ov. TL Transf., 1* 
Peace, quiet; a. Of things, flumen cum pace 
delabens, quietly, Hor. ; b, of looks pr of feel- 
ings, semper in animo sapientis est placldissima 
pax, Cic. ; pace tua dixerlm, with your good 
leave, Cic. ; 2, favour or approval of the gods ; 
ab Jove cetensque dis pacem ac veuiam peto, 
Cic. ■ r 

pecoatum -i, n. (peceo), a sin, crime, of- 
fence, fault; peccatum suum confiteii, Cic. 

peccatus -u, m. (pecco), o fault; manifesto 
peccatu teneri, Cic. 

peoco, 1. I. to commit a fault or crime, to 

sin ; Erapedocles multa alia peccat, Cic. ; in se 
Cic. ; in servo necando, Cic. II. to fail, to err, 
to go wrong; m homine, Caes.; ne peccetequus, 

pecten -Tnis, m. (peeto), a comb. I. Lit., 
for conibmg the hair; deducere pectine crines, 
Ov. II. Transf., a, a weaver's comb, Verg.; 
b, a rake, Ov. ; c, the clasping of the hands in. 
trouble; digiti inter se pectino juncti, Ov.; d, 
an instrument with which the strings of the lyre 
were struck, Verg.; melon., song; alterno pec- 
tine, m elegiac verse (first a hexameter, then a 
pentameter), Ov. ; e, a shell-fish, the scallop, 

pecto, pexi, pexum and pectltum, 3. (tr«- 
retu). I. to comb; comas, Ov. II. to comb, card; 
stuppam, Plin. Partie, pexus -a -uin, with 
the nap on, woolly; tunica, new, Hor. 

pectus -6n's, n. the breast in men and animals, 
flu breast-bone. I. Lit, Verg. II. Fig., 1, tlie 
breast as the seat of the affections, the heart, soul; 
toto pectore amare, to love with the whole heart, 
Cic. ; forti peetore, courage, Hor.; puro pectore 
with good conscience, Hor. ; 2, the breast, as the 
seat ot reason, understanding; toto pectore 
cogitate, Cic. ; excidere pectore alicniu*. to be 
forgotten, Ov. 

pecu, dat. -u, abl. -u, nom. and ace plur. 
pecua, n. , genit. plur. pecuum (connected with, 
pecus), cattle, Cic. 

pecuarius -a -um (pecu), of or relating to 
cuttle. J r Adj., res, the. breeding of cattle, Cic. 
II. Subst, A. pe'euarius -li, m. a breeder ot 
cattle, grazier, Cic. Plur., pecuarii, Die farmers 
of Vie public pastures (in the provinces), Cic, 
Liv. B. peouaria -Crura, n. herds of cattle, 
Verg. 

peculator -oris, m. (peculor), one who em- 
bezzles t-he public money, Cic. 

peoulatus -us, m. (peculor), the embezzle- 
ment of the public money, peculation; peculation 
facere, Cic. 

pecullarls -e (peculium). I. belonging to 
one's private property ; oves, Plaut. II. TVansf., 
a, proper, special-, peculiar ; testis, Cic ; hoc 
inihi peculiare fuerit, Cic. ; b, peculiar, extra- 
ordinary, singular; edictum, Cic. 

peculio, 1. (peculium), toprovide withprivate 
property. Partie, peoullatus -a -um, pro- 
vided with property, ap. Cic. 

pSoulium -li, n. (pecus), properly (orig., 
property in cattle). I. Gen., cura pecuh, Verg. ; 
cupiditas peculii, Cic. II. Esp., the private' 
property possessed by a son or slave independent of 
the fattier or mast<r; peculium castrense, earn- 
ings of the son r,i military service; quasi cas- 
trense, in other occupations ; profecticium, pro- 
perty possessed by grant from the father; adventic- 
ium, by inlieritance from the mother, Cic, Liv. 

peounla -ae, f. (pecus, orig. property in. 
cattle). I. property ; pecuniam facere, to gain, 
property, Cic, IX, Esp., money, cash, sums oj 



., 



pec 



398 



Pel 



•money ; accipere pecuniam, to allow oiieself to be 
bribed, Cic ; coacervare pecuniam, to heap money 
together, Cic. ; flare et conflare pecuniam, to 
make money, to become rich, Cic. ; pecuniam 
mutuant sumere ab aliquo, to borrow, Cic. 
. pecuniarius -a -tun (pecunia), of or relut in g 
to money, pecuniary; res pecuniaria, a 'money- 
matter, business, Cic, or simply = money, Cic. 

peourriosus -a -um (pecunia), wealthy, rich; 
homo pecuniosissimus, Cic. 

1. pecus -oris, u. cattle, a herd, flock' (col- 
lectively, while pecus -udis = single luad of 
cattle). ' I. Lit., A. setigcrum, swine, Ov. ; 
lanigerum, sheep, Ov.; applied also to bees, 
Verg., fish, Hor. B. Esp., 1, a Jlock of sheep ; 
balatus pecorum, Ov. ; 2, poet, pecus magnae 
parentis (of young lions), Ov. II, Transf., ap- 
plied contemptuously to human beings, imi- 
tatoruin servum pecus, a ser-vile herd, Hor. 

2. peous -Mis, f. (pecu, 1. pecus), a single 
head of cattle, a beast, animal. I. Lit., A. qua 
pecude (sc. sue) nihil genuit nature fecuudius, 
Cic; solertia pecudum (of bees), Verg.; pecudes 
et bestiae, wild and domestic animals, Cic. B. 
Esp., a, sheep; pecus Helles, the ram, Ov.; b, 
iu plur., land animals; genus aequoreum, 
pecudes pictaeque volucres, Verg. II. Transf., 
contemptuously applied to a human being, 
stupor howmis, vel dicam pecudis? Cic. 

pe^dalis -e (pes), of the length of a foot, Caes. ; 
or of the breadth (in diameter) of afoot, Cic. 

pedarius -a -um (pes), relating to a foot; 
senatores pedarii, senators of inferior rank, who 
held no curule office, Tac. Subst, pedarii 
-onurt, m., Cic 

pedes -Itis, in. (pes). I, one who got* on 
foot ; quuin pedes iret, on foot, Verg- ; etiamsi 
pedes incedat, Liv. II. L'sp., a foot-soldier ; 
a, lit., Caes.; collect., infantry, Liv.; b, transf., 
equites peditesque, the whole people, Cic. 

pedester -tris -tre (pes), on foot, pedestrian. 
I. Lit., A. (opp. equester), statua pedestris, 
Cic. ; esp. as milit. t. t., copiae, infantry, Caes.; 
scutum, infantry shield, Liv. B. relating to 
land (opp. maritimus, iiavalisj : itiT,- Cans. ; 
pugua, Cic. II. Fig., A. Of style, written in 
prose ;: hist oriae, Hor. B. simple, ordinary, 
prosaic; sermo, Hor. ; musa, Hor. 

pedetonrptim, adv. (pes and tendo), slowly, 
gradually, cartfully, cautiously; timide et pede- 
temptim, Cic. 

pedica -ae, f. (pes), a trap, snare, a fetter, 
Liv. 

pedisequufl -i, m. and pedlsequa -ae, f. 
(pes and sequor), u servant whose business it was 
to attend upon the master or mistress, m. lackey, 
fooUhan, and f. a waiting-woman, Cic; tig., juris 
acier.tiam eloquentiae tamquam ancillulam ped;- 
seqoanicfue adjunxisti, Cic. ; transf., claraorc 
pedisequorum nostroruin, followers, Cic. 
peditatus -us, m. (pedes), infantry, Caes.- 
pedo, pepedi, p&litum, 3. to break wind, Hor. 
1. pSdum -i, u. a shciihcrd's crook, Verg. ' 
-. Pedum -i, u. a town In Latium, ten miles 
south' oj Rome. Adj., Fedanus -a -um, of or 
relating (o Pedum; subut., a, Fedanum -i, n. 
afy eHcte near Pedum ; b, Fedaoi -Orum, m. 
i.i« ir-habitants of Pedum. 

1. Pegasfs, v. Pegasus. 

2. Pegasls -Idis, f. (niw), a water-nymph. 

Pegasus (-8s) -i, m, (n>ry<i<ros), the winged 
r.yrzt which sprang from, the blood of Medina, 
ar.i produced the fountain Hippocrene ty a blow 
firm Mi hiof. '.Hence, adj.r-A.-PegaBejus 



-a -um. B. Pegaseus -a -um. C. Pegasla 

-idis, f. Pegasean ; undae, fotmtains sacred to the 
Muses, Hippocrene, Aganippe. Plur. subst., 
Pegasides, the Muses, Ov. 

pegma -Stis, n. (nrjyua), l.o bookcase, shelf, 
Cic; 2, a theatrical machine, Suet. 

pejero (perjero) and perjuro, l. to com- 
mit perjury, forswear oneself; verbis concept is, 
Cic. ; jus perjeratum, a false oath, Hor. ; dii, 
falsely sworn by, Ov. 

pejor, comp. of mains (q.v.). 

pejurus = perjurus (q.v.). 

pelage, v. pelagus. 

pelagius -a -um (TreXayios), of or relating to 
the sea, marine ; conchae, Pliu. ; cursus, Phaedr. 

Pcl&goncs -um, m. (Jlt\ay6i>e<;), the Pelago- 
nians, a people in the north of Macedonia. Hence, 
Pelagonia -ae, f., a, the country of the Pela- 
gones ; b, a town in Pelagonia, now Bitoglia. 

pelagus -i, n. (n-e'Aayoj). J, the sea, ocean, 
Verg. II. Poet., transf., a mass of water like 
the sea, a flood ; pelago premit arva, with its 
flood, Verg. (Greek plur., pelage,. weKdyr), Lucr.). 

pelamys -ydis, f. (mjAtip-v?), the young tunny- 
fish (before it is a year old), Juv. 

Pelasgl -6rum and (poet.) -'uni, m. (ritAao-- 
yoi), the oldest inhabitants of Greece, and hence, 
poet., the Greeks. Verg. Hence, A. PelasgiiLs 
-?.dis, f. B. Pglasgis -idis, f. C. PeTasgus 
-a -um, Pelasgian, Greek. 

Peletbronius -a -um, of or belonging to tht 
district of Thessaly, where the Laplthae lived, Pcle- 
thronian. 

Peleus -ei and -cos, m. (rir),\ev's), a mythical 
king of Thessaly, husband of Thetis, father oj 
Achilles ; hence, Pelldes -ae, m. son of Pelcus 
= Achilles. 

pelox (pellex) and paelex -licis, f. (VaA- 
Aa£), ft mistress af a married man, a concubine, 
Cic; Oebalia, Helen; Tyria, Euroja ; barbara, 
Medea, Ov. 

1. Pelias, v. Pelion. 

2. Pelias -ae, in. (HeAias), ling iipThcssuiy, 

half-brother of Aeson, whose son Jason he sent to 
fetch the golden fleece. On Jason's return Pelias, 
at the instigation of Medea, was slain by his own 
daughters. 

pelicatus (paelicatus) -us, m. (pelcx), 
concubinage, Cic. 

Pelldes, v. Pelcus. 

Peligni = Paeligni(q.v.). , 

Pelion -ii, n. (TlnAioi-), and Pelius !i, ni. 

« lofty mountain of Thesscdy. Hence, adj., A, 
Peliacus -a -um, of or belonging to Pelion ; 
trabs, the ship Argo (the wood of which was cut 
from Mount Pelion), Prop. ; cuspis, the shield oj 
Achilles, Ov. B. Pelias -liAis,belonglng to Pelion. 

Pella -ae, f. and Pelle -esi f. (Ile'AAa), the 
chief city of Macedonia, birth-place of Alexander 
the Great ; hence, Pellaeus -a -um, relating to. 
Pella; a, Macedonian ; juveuis, Alexander, Juv.; 
b, relating to Alexandria in Egypt, and hence, 
Egyptian, Verg. 

pellacia -a<=, f. (pella*), an enticing, allur- 
ing, Lucr. 

pellax -acis (pellicio), deceitful, seductive, 
Verg. 

pellectio (perlsetlo) -onis, f. (pellego), a 
rezdiv? ' rough, perusing, Cic. 

pellego £ perlego (q.^'.). 
Pellene -e"s, f. (rreAAjjV/), a. ]cf>H <». Aclvziz 
Heace;adj.. Pejienensis -e, Peuenian. • 



pel 



399 



pen 



pellex = pelcx (q.v.). 

psllicatus = pelicatus (q.v.). 

pellioio -lexi -lectum, 3. (per and lacio), to 
entice, decoy, seduce. I. Lit., mulierem ad se, 
Cic. ; aniinuin adolescentis, Cic ; populum in 
servitutem, Liv. II. Transf., multo majorem 
partem senteutiaruin suo lepore, bring over to 
one's side, Cic. 

pellicula -ae, f. (dim. of pellis), a little skin 
or hide ; haedina, Oic. ; pellieulam curare, to 
take care of one's skin, Hor. 

pellis -is, f. a hide-, skin. I. Lit., caprina, 
Cic. ; pelles pro velis teuuiter confectae, Caes.; 
tig. , detrahere alicui pellem, to disclose a person's 
faults, Hor. II. Transf., 1, hide, leather.; a, 
as a covering for tents, sub pellibus, in. camp ; 
Caesar sub pellibus hiemare constituit, Caes. ; 
b, as used for clothing, peUibus tecta tempora, 
hood, Ov. ; 2, meton., a, a shoe-latchet, Hor.; 
b, a shoe, Ov. 

pellitus -a -um (pellis), clothed in hides or 
skins; Sardi, Liv. ; testes, from Sardinia, Liv. ; 
oves pellitae, sheep with fine wool, covered with 
skins to protect the wool, Hor. 

pello, pepiiri, pulsum, 3. to strike, knock, beat 
against.. I. a, lit., terram pede, Hor. ; humum 
pedibus, Cat.; fores,, to knock at the door, Cic. ; 
puer pulsus, beaten,- Cic. ; b, transf., to touch, 
move, make an impression upon ; quernadniodum 
visa non pellerent, Cic. II. Esp., A. to put in 
motion by pushing or striking, to impel, propel, 
move; sagittam, Verg. ; nervos in tidibus, Cic. 
B. to drive out, drive away, expel; 1, a, lit., 
quum viri boni lapidibus e foro pellerentur, Cic, 
uti omues ex Galjiae finibus pellerentur, Caes. ; 
aliquem possessionibus, Cic. ; aliquem civitate, 
Cic. ; b, transf., maestitiam ex animis, banish, 
Cic. ; cunts viuo, Hor.; 2, transf., a, milit. 1. 1., 
to repel, drive back an enemy ; hostcs pelluntur, 
Cues.; b, legal t. t., to banish, exile; exsules 
pulsi, Liv. 

pelluceo = perluceo (q.v.). 

pcllucidulus = perlucidulus (q.v.). 

pellucidus = porlucidus (q.v.). 

pclluo = perluo (q.v.). 

Peloponnesus -i, f. (neAon-cWrjtros), the 
Feloponnesus L now the Morea; hence,. adj., A. 
Peloponnesius -a -uui. B. Peloponnes- 
iacus -a -um, 1'eloponnesian. 

Pelops -opis, m. (rie'Aoi/*), a mythical king of 
Phrygia, son of Tantalus, father of Atreus and 
Thyestes, grandfather of Agamemnon ami Mene- 
laus ; when a child he was killed by his father 
and served up as food to tlie gods ; he was restored 
to life through the agency of Hermes (Mercury), 
and his shoulder, which had been eaten by Demeter 
(Ceres), was replaced by an ivory one. Hence, A. 
Pelopeias -adis, f. Pelopcan, Feloponnesian ; 
Mycenae, Ov. B. Pelopoius -a -um, relating 
to Pelops or his descendants ; virgo, Iphigenia, 
Ov. ; arva, Phrygia, Ov. C. Polopdus -a -um, 
relating to Pelops; moenia, Argos, Verg. D. 
subst., Pelopidae -arum, in. descendants of 
Pelops. 

pelorfs -Wis, f. (ir«\<opi's), a large species of 
mussel, Hor. 

Pelorus (-6s) -i, m. (lUAwpos), and Pelor- 
UBS -i, n. the north-east promontory of Sicily, 
now Capo di Faro or Faro di Messina. Hence, 
adj., 1,, Pelorlas -adis, f. ; and 2, Pelorls 
-Wis, f. Pelorian. 

pelta -ae, f. (jreAnj)/ a small, light, crescent- 
shaped shield, Liv^ 

peltastae -arum, ou OrtAray-raO, soldiers' 
.firmed with the pelta, Liv, " _-- 



peltatus -a -um (pelta), armed with Die pelta, 
Mart. _ 

Pelvisium -li, n. (n>)Aou<rioi>), a town in 
Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, now Castle of 
Tineh. Hence, PelusIacUS -a -um, Pelusian. 

pelvis -is, f. a. basin, Plin. 

penarius (ponuaiius) -a -um (penus),' 
of or relating to provisions; cella, store-room; 
Cic 

penates -luui, m., with or without dii (con- 
nected with pen-itus, peu-etro). I. the house- 
hold or family deities among tlie Romans ; publici 
or majores, the guardian deities of the state, Cic; 
miuores, familiares, privati, of the family, Cic. 
II. Meton., the house, dwelling; penates relin- 
quere, Liv. ; poet., the cells of bees, Verg. - 

penatiger -ggra -gfirum (penates and gero), 
carrying the Penates, Ov, 

pendeo, pepeudi, 2. (pendo), to hang, liang 
down. I. Lit., A. Gen., ab humero, Cic; ex 
arbore, Cic. ; de collo, Ov. ; in arbore, Cic ; 
with abl. alone, tigno, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to 
be hung up; pendebit fistula pinu, Verg.; 2, 
of clothes, to hang down, flow down; ut peud- 
eat apte (chlamys), Ov.; 3, to overhang; a, 
to hover ; duin nubila pendent, Verg. ; b, to- 
hang in the air; capellae pendent de rupe, Verg. ; 
c, of birds, to hover; olor niveis pendebat in 
aere pennis, Ov. ; 4, transf., a, to liang about a 
place, be continually there ; uostroque in limine 
pendes, Verg.; b, to hang down(imw weakness); 
tluidos pendere lacertos, Ov. II. Fig., A. to 
hang upon the lips of any one, listen or gaze atten- 
tively, Verg. ; narrantis conjux pendet ab ore 
viri, Ov. B. 1, to be suspendetl, discontinued ; 
pendent opera interrupts, Verg.; 2, to be in 
suspense, be uncertain, undceideil ; • ne diutiu3' 
pendeas, Cic ; frequently with aiiimi, penderi 
animi exspectatione, Cic; also with 'annuo, Cic; 
and animis, Cic; 3, to depend upon; a, spes 
pendet ex fortuna, Cic. ; b, to be a follower of a 
person, to imitate; hinc oninis pendet. Lucilius, 
Hor. -, 

pendo, pgpendi, peusuin, 3. lit., to'cuuse to 
hang down; hence, to weigh. ' I. Lit., Ail, 
herbae pensac, Ov. ; 2, 1ig.,a, -to weigh ,~.V}ii- 
side); judge .' res, uon verba,' Cic! ; b, -to value, 
esteem; with geuit., iiiagni, at a high pi-ire, 
Hor. B. Esp., to pay (since money was Origin' 
ally paid by weight); 1, lit., Acliael iiigctiU-iu • 
pocuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis, Cic. '■ 
vectigul, 'Cic. ; 2, fig., poenas, supplicia, to jwj/ 
a penalty, suffer punishment, Cic, Liv.; maximas' 
poenas pendo tcmeritatis meae, Cic; poena! 
capitis, Ov. II. Transf., intransit., to weigh, 
Liv. . 

pendillus -a -um (pendeo), 1, hanging, 
hanging down; collum, Hor.; 2, fig., uncertain, . 
undecided; spe pendulus, Hor. 

pine = paeue (q.v.). , 

• Peneis, Peneius, v. Peueus. 

Penelopa -ae, f. and Penelope -es, f. 
(riTji/eXdrreio, ' IlT)i/eA<)m)), the wife of Ulysses, 
mother of Tclcmachus, famous for her chastity and ■ 
conttancy. Heuce, adj., Penelopeus -a -urn. 
of Penelope. 

pines, pr6p. with ace (from, root PEN. 
whence penus, penates), with, in possession of, 
in the power of; 1, penes quern est potestas, 
Cic. ; penes se esse, to be in one's series, Hor. ; 
penes quos laus fuit, Cic; 2, vjilh; penes 
Aetolos culpam belli esse, Liv. 

Pinestae -arurn, in. (Ilcu'erai), a -people in 
Illyria. Hencej Penestia -ae,' f. tho country" 
of the Penestae. . } 

i ' pecetrabllls -e (peaetrcY L^.aiaw.t^ 
passed through, penetrable; corpus nullo pene- • 



pen 

trabile telo, Ov. II. Act., easily penetrating, 
piercing ; frigus, Verg. ; fulmen, Ov. 

penl trails -e (peuetro). I. passing through , 
penetrating ; frigus, iguis, Luer. II. inward, 
inside, internal, interwr ; focus, Cic. Subst., 

penetrale and penetral -alis, u.,seu. plur., 
penetralia -Iu;u, n. 1, the inner chambers, 
interior of a house or city ; penetrale urbis, Liv.; 
penetralia regum, Verg. ; 2, esp., the inmost pari 
or shrine of a temple ; conditum in penetrali 
fatale pignus, Liv. 

pe>netro, I. (penitus). I. Transit., to set, 
place, put in. A. intra aedes penetravi pedeni, 
Plant. B. to pass through or into, to penetrate ; 
a, lit., Illyricos sinus, Verg.; b, fig., id Tiberii 
animuin altius penetravit, sank deep into, Tac. 
II. Intransit., to make one's way into, to enter, 
penetrate into; sub terras, Cic; intra vallum, 
Liv. ; in urbera, Liv. ; transf., nulla res magis 
penetrat in animos, Cic. 

Peneus (-e8s) -i, m. pnhpwios), the chief 
river of Thessaly, rising in Mount Pindits, now 
Salembria ; as a river-god, father of Cyrene. 
Hence, adj., 1, Peneis -idis, f. of Peneus; 
nympha, Daphne, Ov. ; 2, Penelus -a -urn, of 
or relating to Peneus. 

penicillum -i, n. and penicillus -i, in. 
(dim. of peniculus), a painter's brush or pencil, 
Cic. ; meton., ixiinting, Plin. ; and trausf., style 
of )Xiinting, Cic. 

peniculus -i, m. (dim. of penis), o brush, 
Plant 

penis -is, in. 1, a tail, Cic. ; 2 y — membruin 
virile, Cic. 

penite, adv. (penitus), inwardly, internally, 
C;it. 

1. penitUS -a -urn, inward, interior, internal, 
Plaut 

2. penitus, adv. (root PEN"), internally. I. 
in the inmost part, deep within; 1, lit., periculum 
inclusum penitus in veuis reipublicae, Cic. ; 
argentuin penitus abditum, Cic; 2, trausf., a, 
ea penitus »nimis vestris mandate, impress deeply 
in your minds, Cic. ; b, accurately ; perspicere, 
Cic. ; nosse, Cic ; c, through and through, 
thoroughly, entirely, wholly; diffidere reipub- 
licae, Cic ; perdefe se jpsos, Cic. II. Transf., 
far away, far removed ; penitus repostas gentes, 
Verg. 

Penlus -ii, m. (Elo'ids), a river in Colchis, 
flowing into the Black Sea. 

penna -ae, f. (old Lut. pesna, rout PET, 
whence peto, impetus, praepes), a feather. I. 
Gen., 1, lit., Plin. ; 2, meton., a, wing, gen. in 
plur., wings (of birds or insects); aves pullos 
pennis fovent, Cic. ; b, a flying, flight, Ov. IL 
Poet., the feathers on an arrow, Ov., and hence, 
meton., arrow, Ov. 

pennatus -a -urn (penna), feathered, winged; 
fama, Verg. 

pennlger -gJra -ge>urn (penna and geio), 
feathered, winged, Cic. 

pennfpes -pSdis (penna and pes), wing- 
footed, Cat. 

pennlpdtcns -entis (penna and potens), 
able to fly, winged, Lucr. ; subst., pennlpo- 
tentes -ium, f. = birds, Lucr. ' ' : 

pennula -ae, f. (dim. of peuna), a- little 
wing, Cic. 

pensilis •e(pendeo), hanging, luingingdown, 
pendent, Piaut, ; uva, hung up to dry, Hor. 

penslo -5nis, f. (pendo), a paying, payment, 
day of payment ; 1, nihil debetur ei nisi ex tertia 
pensfbne,Cic; 2, rent, Juv, 



400 per 

pensitc, 1. (intens. of penso), to weigh. I. 
Transf., to weigh, ponder, consider; imperatoria 
consilia, Liv. it to pay; vectigalia, Cic; 
praedia quae pensitant, are liable to taxes, Cic. 

penso, 1. (intens. of j>endo). I. to weigh. 
.A Lit., aimim, Liv.; fig., Komanos scriptures 
eadem trutina, Hor. B. Transf., 1, toweigh = 
to judge; amicos ex factis, Liv.; 2, a, to ponder, 
w.sider, reflect upon; consilium, Liv.; b, to 
weigh one thing against another, to compare ; 
adversa secundis, Liv. II. to counterbalance, 
repay, compensate, recompense, make good, requite; 
a, lit., vulnus vulpere, Ov. ; transniarinae res 
quSdam vice pensatae, Liv. ; b, transf., to pay 
for, purchase with ; nece pudorem, Ov. 

pensum -i, u. (pendo). I. a portion of wool 
weighed out to a spinner as a day's work ; hence, 
a day's work, task; noctuma carpentes pensa 
puellae, Verg.; mollia pensa, Verg. II. Trausf., 
a task, a duty, engagement ; me ad nieuni munus 
pensumque revocabo, Cic. 

pensus -a -uni, p. adj. (from pendo), weighty, 
esteemed, valued, prized; nihil pensi habere ali- 
quid, to put no value upon, be indifferent about, 
Sail. ; alicui nee quicquam pensi est, Sail. ; illis 
uec quid dieerent nee quid facerent quicquam 
pensi fuisse, they cared nothing what they did or 
said, Liv. 

pentameter -tri, in. (nen-anerpoj), a pen- 
tameter verse, Quint. 

Pentelleus mons (UefTe\tKov 6'pos), a moun- 
tain near Athens, celebrated for its marble quar- 
ries. Hence, Pentelleus -a -urn, belonging 
to Pentelleus; Hermae Pentelici, made of Pentelic 
marble, Cic. 

Pentbesllea -ae, f. (rUi'Oecn'Aeia), queen oj 
the Amazons, ally of Priam against the Greeks in 
the Trojan War, slain by Achilles. 

Pentheus -Si and -Sos, ace. -eum and -fa 
(Tl€v8evs), king of Thebes, grandson of Cadmus, 
who treated with contempt the worship of Bacchus, 
and was torn to pieces by his mother and her 
sisters in a Bacchic fury. Hence, A. PentljSus 
-a -uni, ofPentheus. B. Penthldis -ae, m. a 
descendant ofPentheus = Lycurgus, Ov. 

Pentrl -union, in. a people in Samnium, with 
a capital city Bovianum. 

penurla -ae, f. (nelva), want, need of any- 
thing, esp., want of the necessaries of life, pthury; 
cibi, Lucr. ; rictus, Hor. ; sapientium civiuni 
bonorumque, Cic. ; liberorum, Sail. 

penus -us and -i, c, penum -i, n., and 
penus -<5ris, n. (root PEN, whence peuetro, 
penates, penitus, lit., that which is kept within}, 
procisions, store offuod, victuals; est enim oimie, 
quo veseuntur homines, penus, Cic. 

Peparethus (-6s) -i, f. (run-ap^os), an 
island of the Aegean Sea, now Scopelo. 
peplum -i, n. and peplus -i, m. (*4ir\ov, 

WirXo?), the robe with which the statue of Athene 
at Athens was clad at the Panathenaea, Cic 

per, prep, with ace I. Of space, through; 
a, through (of passage through) ; alteram iter 
per provinciam nostram multn (acilius, f.'aes. ; 
D, through, along, over; covniiam auream per 
forum ferre, Cic"; per mare paupericm fugiens, 
per saxa, per ignes, Hor. ; c, before, in the 
presence of; incedunt per ora vesira mnguiflci, 
Sail. ; d, over, about, all over ; equites per oram 
maritimam erant dispositi, Caes. ; qui per im- 
perii tui provincias ei credidissent, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Of time, 1, through, during; ludi 
decern per dies facti sunt, Cic. ; 2, in the course 
of; p&x iomnum, in sleep, Cic. ; 3, during, 
under Che influence of; quod fecisset per Irani, 
Oio. B. Of the means or instrument by which. 



per 



401 



per 



anything is done, through by, by means of; 1, 
a, statuerunt istius injurias per vos ulcisci, 
Cic. ; per sc (te, etc.), by oneself, alone, without 
help. Cic; per litteras, by letter, Cic. ; b, under 
pretence of, under shelter of; fraudare aliquem 
per tutelamaut societatem, Cic; '2, from motives 
of, on account of; per avaritiam docipere, Cic. ; 
per inetum, from fear, Liv. ; quum antea per 
aetatcm lioiuhini huius auctoritatem loci at- 
tingere auderem, on account of age, Cic; 3, on 
account of, for the sake of, regarding ; per me 
vel stertas licet, as far as I am concerned, Cic. ; 
cum per valetudinem posses, venire tameu 
noluisti, Cic. ; hence, in entreaties, oaths, etc. 
= by ; oro te per deos, Cic. ; per tuam tidem 
perque huius solitudinem te obtestor ; in this 
sense per is often separated from the noun 
whjch it governs, per ego te, fili, precor quaes- 
oque, Liv. ; per deos atque homines ! by gods 
and men! Cic 
pcra -ae (injpa), a scrip or wallet, JIart. 

perabsurdus -a -urn, excessively absurd, 
Cic 

poraccommodatua -a -um, very con- 
venient; (in tmesis) per fore accommodatum, Cic. 

peracer -cris -ere, very sharp; judicium, 
Cic. 

peracerbus -a -urn, very sour, harsh; uva 
peracerba gustatu, Cic. 

peracesco -aciii, 3. to become thoroughly sour ; 
transf., to be exceedingly vexed, Plaut. 

peractlo -onis, f. (perago), a finishing, com- 
pletion; peractio fabulae, Cic. 

peracute, adv. (peracutus), very sharply, 
very acutely ; queri quod, etc., Cic. 

peracutus -a -um, very sharp. I. vm-y 
shrill, piercing ; vox, Cic. II. Transf., sharp- 
witted, acute; ad exeogitaudum, Cic 

peradolesceas -entis, a very young man, 
Cic 

peradSlesoentiilus -i, m. a very young 
man, ffep. 

PeVaea -ae, f. I. a strip of land on the 
south coast of Caria, opposite Rhodes. II. a dis- 
trict in the south of Palestine. III. a town in 
Argolis. 

peraeque, adv. quite alike, quite equally, 
Cic^ 

peragito, 1. to drive about violently, harass; 
veliementius peragitati ab equitatu, Caes. 

perago -egi -actum, 3. I. to pierce through, 
thrust through, transfix; Theseus latus ense 
peregit, Ov. II. A. to drive about, harass, dis- 
uiet; 1, agil; freta remo, Ov. ; agruin, to till, 
>v. ; 2, fig., totuni Sempronium usque eo 
perago ut, etc, ap. Cic. B. 1, to bring to an 
end, complete, finish, accomplish; navigationem, 
Cic ; inceptum, Liv. ; concilium, Caes. ; fabul- 
Ain, to play a drama through, Cic; transf., fab- 
ulani vitac, Cic. ; as legal 1. 1., to conduct a suit 
to the end; causam rci, Hor. ; reum, Liv. ; 2, 
to go through, relate, go over, mention ; verbis 
auspicia, Liv. ; postulata, Liv. ; sententiam, 
Liv. 

- peragratio -onis, f. (pewgro), a wandering 
throughj itinerum, Cic. 

peragro, 1. (pur and ager). I. to wander 
through, pass through, travel through; omnes 
piovincias, Cic. it. Fig., to search out, pene- 
trate, examine; omnes latebras suspicionum 
dicendo, Cic. 

peramans -antis, very loving; homo per- 
amans semper uostri tuit, Cic 

peramauter, adv. very lovingly ; observare, 
Cic 
per/imbiUo, I. to u,ulk through, pass through. 



g 



travel through, perambulate ; rura, Hor. ; transf., 
frigus perambulat artus, Ov. 

p6ramoenuB -a -um, very pleasant, Tac. 

porampluo -a -um, very large, Cic 

peranguste, adv. very narrowly, Cic. 

perangustus -a -tun, very narrow, strait, 
confined ; Iretum, Cic ; aditus, Caes. 

peranno, 1. to live through a year, Buet. 

perantiquus -a -um, very old ; sacrariura, 
Cic 

perapp6sltus -a -um, very fit, suitable; 
alicui, Cic 

perarduus -a -um, wry difficult; mibi hoc 
perarduum est demonstrare, Cic. 

perargutus -a -um, very acute, clever, witty, 
Cic. 

pSraro, 1. to plough through; 1, to cover 
with wrinkles; ora, Ov. ; 2, to scratch letters 
with the stylus, to write on waxen tablets, to write; 
litterain, Ov. 

perattente, adv. very attentively; ab aliquo 
audiri, Cic 

perattentus -a -um, very attentive; per. 
attentos vestros animos habuimus, Cic 

perbacchor, 1. to revel throughout or during; 
multos dies, Cic. 

perbeatus -a -um, very Itappy, Cic 

perbelle, adv. very prettily, very finely; 
simulare, Cic 

perbentS, adv. very well ; loqui I.atinc, Cic. 

perbenSvdlus -a -um, very well wishing, 
very well disposed to; alicui, Cic. 

perbenigne, adv. very kindly; (in tmesis) 
per uiihi beuigue respondit, Cic. 

yerblbo -bibi, 3. to drink in, drink up. I. 
Lit., laerimas, Ov. II. Fig., to imbibe, take in 
mentally; rabiem, Ov. 

perblandus -a -um, very charming, very 
engaging ; successor, Cic. 

perbonus -a -um, very good, Cic. 

perbrevls -e, very short ; perbrevi tempore, 
or simply perbrevi, in a very short time, Cic. 

pertrevlte'r, adv. very shortly, very briefly, 
Cic. 

perca -ae, f. (nVpoj), a fish, the perch, Ov. 

percale'faclo -fe"ci -factum, 3. to make very 
warm; pass., porcalefio -factus sum -fieri, 
to become very warm, to be thoroughly heated, Lucr. 

percalesco -calui, 3. to become very wann,Ov. 

percallesco -caMi, 3. I. Intransit., tolose 
all sensibility, become quite callous, Cic. -II. to 
become experienced ; usu rerum, Cic. . 

percarus -a -um, 1, very dear, very costly, 
Ter. ; 2, very dear, much beloved. Cic. 

percautUS -a -um, very cautious, Cic. 

peroelebro, 1. to speak of very frequently, to 
talk ofojlen; in pass. = to be in the mouths of 
people ; percelebrautur versus de, etc, Cic. 

percelSr -is -e, very swift, very rapid ; alicuius 
inferitus, Cic. 

percelerlter, adv. (perceler), very swiftly, 
very rapidly ; auferre diploma, Cic. 

peroello -culi -culsuin, 3. (per and 'cello). 

I. to beat down, strike down, overturn, shatter. 
A. a, lit., aliquoni, Verg. ; fig., quod duo ful- 
minadoinuin meam perhos djes perculerint, Liv-.; 
b, transf., eos vis Martis perculit, Cic. B. 
Fig., to shatter; a, to ruin; lempublicatn, Tac; 
b f to cast down the courage of, dispirit, daunt; 
aliquem, Liv. ; timore perculsa civitae, Cic. ; 
quos pavor perculerat iij silvas, driven to, Liv, 

II, to strike, pusJi; aliqiiem genu, Ljv. 



per. 

percensco -censfti, 2. I. to count through, | 
count, reckon ; a, promerita , numerando, Cic. ; 
locos invcuiendi, Cic ; gentes, Liv. ; b. to sur- 
vey, review; captivos, Liv. ; lig., to judge, criti- 
cise ; orationes, Liv. II, to ira.vii through ; 
Thessaliam, Liv. 

perocptus -a -mn, paitic of pcrcipio. 
SubsL. percspta -Orum, n. principles, rules; 
aitis, C'ic 

perceptio -ouis, f. (pcrcipio). I. a collect- 
ing, (tethering together; frugum fructutfmquo, 
Cic. II. perception, apprehension, comprehension ; 
percept iones animi, Cic. 

percldo -cidi -eistim, 3. (per and caedo), to 
beat, cut to pieces, Plaut. 

perolo -civi -cltum, 4. and percieo -ciere, 
2. I. to stir up, set In motion ; se, Lucr. ; hence, 
percltus -a -uni, a, aroused, nwd, excited, 
Cic. ; b, excitable, irritable; ingenium, Liv. II. 
to call, name; aliquem iuipudicum, Plaut. 

perclplo -cgpi -ceptum, 3. (per and capio). 

1. to lay hold of, take possession of, seize; percipit 
me voluptas atque horror, Lucr. II. to take to 
oneself. A. 1, sensus percipit rem in se., Lucr. ; 

2, to get, receive, colled, gather; fructus, Cic; 
praemia, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to perceive, be 
sensible of, Jeel ; voluptatein, Cic. ; sonum, Cic. ; 
2, to receive mentally; a, tolearn, and in perf. 
tenses, to know; praecepta artis, Cic; omnia 
civium uomina perccperat, he knew, Cic ; b, to 
comprehend, understand ; aliquid auimo, Cic. 

percxtus -a -urn, paitic of percio. 
percivills -e, very condescending, very gra- 
cious, courteous, Suet. 

1. perodlo, 1. 1. to strain through a sieve, 
Cato. II. to allow to drain or pass through ; 
humor per terras .perco'.atur, percolates through, 
Lucr. 

2. percolo -colui -cultum, 3. I. to adorn, 
decorate; quae pnores nondura comperta elo- 
quentia percoluere, Tae. II. to honour, reverence 
exceedingly ; patrem, Plaut. 

percomis -u, very friendly, courteous, Cic. 

percommodo, adv. very conveniently, very 
appropriately ; perconunodc cadit, or accidit, 
or factum est quod, etc., Cic 

percommodus -a -lim, v*ry convenient, fit, 
appropriate, opportune; with dat., ipsis castris 
peroonimodum fuit, Liv. 

percontatio (porcunctatio) -onis, f. 
(percontor), an inquiry, interrogation, question, 
Cic ; percontationem facere, Liv. 

percontator (percunctator) -oris, in. 
(ptrcontor), an inquirer, asker of questions, 
Hor. 

percontor (percunctor), 1. dep. (per 
and contus), to ask, inquire, interrogate, question, 
investigate ; aliquem de aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquid 
Hb or ex aliquo, Cic. ; aliquem aliquid, Liv.; per- 
contantes, quid praetor cdixissei, ubi conaret, 
quo denuntiasset, Cic 

percontumax -acis, very obstinate, Tor. 

percoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. to boil thoroughly. 
I. Lit., carnes. Plin. II. Transf, A. to heal, 
-v.ahe hot; huraorem, Lucr. B. to ripen, make 
r-ipe ; uvas, Ov, ; to burn, blacken ; nigra virum 
psreoelo saecla colore, Lucr. 

parorebresoo -brui, and percrebesoo 

•bin, 3. :o become very frennent, be' spread abroad, 
oioor,\t Drevahn f ,biu-ell known; res pererebuit, 
Cic. ; farna percrebruit, with ace. and infin., 
Cae;. 

percrep© -cr6pui -crepltum, 3. to resound, 
■~.vj] with; lucUaa. illua pewrqpare BtuUerma 
vocibus, Cic. i; 



402 per 

percunctor, percunctatio, etc. = percontor, 
percontatio, etc (q.v.). 

percilpidus -a -um, very fond of; tui, Cic. 

perciipio, 3. to wish, desire exceedingly, 
Plant., Ter. 

percuriosus -a -um, very inquisitive, Cic. 

perouro, 1. to cure, heed thoroughly ; vixdutii 
satis percurato vulnere, Liv. 

percurro -ctteurri or -curri -cursum, 3. I. 
ru transit., A. to run along or over ; per teiiioncm, 
Caes. E. to hasten to; citato equo Cales, Liv. 
II. Transit., to run through, hasten through, travel 
through. A. Lit, omnem agrum Piccnum, Caes. 
B. Transf., a, of discourse, to run through, 
discuss cursorily, mention in passing; multas res 
oratioue, Cic; b, to run, over in the mind or 
with the eye;, veloci percurrere oculo, Hor. ; 
multa auimo etcogitatiouc, multa etiam legendo, 
Cic. 

percursatlo -ouis, f. (pereursb), a running 
through, travelling through; Italiae, Cic 

percurslo -ouis, f. (percurro). I. a rapid 
consideration or reflection upon anything ; propter 
animi multarum reruin brevi tempore percur- 
sionein, Cic. II. Rliet. t. t., a rapid or hasty 
jiassing over a subject ; buic (comniorationi) cou- 
traria saepe percursio est, Cic. 

percurso, 1. (percurro). I. Transit., to rani' 
ble over or about; ripas, Plin. II. Intransit., to 
rove about; totis tinibus nostris, Liv. 

percussio -onis, f. (pereutio). I. a striking, 
knocking against ; digitorum, a snapping of the 
fingers, Cic. II. T. t. of music and rliet., a 
beating time, hence time, rhythm; numerorura 
percussiones, Cic 

percussor -oris, m: (pereutio), 1, a striker; 
Plin. ; 2, a murderer, assassin, Cic 

percussus -us, m. (pereutio), a beating, 
knocking, striking; percussu crebro, Ov. 

pereutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (per and quatio). 
I. to strike through, pierce, transfix; rostro nav- 
em, Liv.' II. to strike, beat, hit. A. Lit., 1, 
aliquem tapidc, Cic ; forem virgit, Liv. ; tunes 
do caelo percussae, struck by lightning, Cic ; 2, 
a, 'o kill, slay; aliquem securi, Cic; aliqucin 
fulminc (of Jupiter), Cic; fulmine percussus, 
Cic ; b, /" strike, piny upon ; lyruin, Ov. ; 
pennas, to soar, Ov. B. Fig., 1, non percussit 
locum, he has 'missed the point, Cic ; 2, a, 
to affect, move, astound, strike, shuck; percussus 
atrocissimis litteris, Cic ; suspieione sum per- 
cussus, Cic; b, to deceive; aliquem strategem- 
ate, Cic; c, to wound mentally, afflict; per- 
cussus calamitate, Cic (syncop. pert'., pereusti, 
Hor.). 

perdelirus -a -um, very silly, senseless, 
Lucr. 

perdirTIcIlis -c, very difficult; navigatio, 
quaestio, Cic. 

perdifflclUtor, adv. with very great diffi. 
cutty, Cic 

perdignus -a -um, quite worthy of; tua 
ainicitia, Cic. 

perdlllgens -entis, very careful, very dill* 
gent, Cic. 

perdiUgent^r, adv. very carefully, very: 
diligently, Cic 

perdlsco -didici, 3. to learn thorough'.//; 
dictata, Cic; per!., perdidici, to understand 
thoroughly; withinfiu., hfminis speciem pingere, 
Cic 

perdiserte, adv. very eloquently, Cic. 

perdite, adv. (perditus), 1, exceedingly, imf 
moderately; nliam amare, Ter. ; 2, in an cvrxvj- 
doncd- manner, very badly ; se gerere, Cic, 



per 



403 



per 



perditor -oris, m. (perdo), a destroyer ; rei- 
publicae, Cic. 

perditus -a -urn, p. adj. (from perdu). X. 
wretched, miserable, ruined ; valetudo, Cic. ; 
res, Cic.; judicia, Cic. II. A. immoderate; 
amor, Cat. ; perditus luctu, sunk in gritf, Cic. ; 
aere, Cic. B. morally lost, abandoned, profligate; 
adolescens perditus ac dissolutus, Cic. ; liomo 
perditi.ssimus, Cic. 

perdiu, adv. a very long time, for a very long 
time, Cic. 

perdiuturnus -a -urn, lasting a very long 
time, very tedious, Cic. 

perdlves -vitis, very rich, Cic. 

perdix -dicis, c. (nipSitj), a partridge, Plin. 

perdo -dldi -ditum, 3. (in pass., gen., pereo, 
perditus, perire). I. to destroy, ruin. A. fun- 
ditus civitatem, Cic; aliquem, Cic; poet., 
perdere serpentem, to kill, Ov. B. to waste, 
squander, spend uselessly; operam, or oleum et 
operam, Cic. ; tempus, Cic. II. Transf., A. to 
lose; liberos, Cic. ; litem, to lose a lawsuit, Cic. ; 
oculos, Cic. ; vocem, Cic. B. to lose money in 
gambling; quod iu alea perdiderat, Cic (old 
sub.j. pres., perduim -is -it -int, esp. in the exe- 
cration, di te perduint ! Cic). 

perdocSo -dScili -doctum, 3. to teach, instruct 
thoroughly; aliquem, Ov. ; absol., res difficilis ad 
perdocendum, Cic 

peraocte, adv. very learnedly, very skilfully, 
Plaut. 

perdoctus -a -urn (perdoeeo), very learned, 
very skilful, Cic. 

perdoleo -dOlui -dolitum, 2. to suffer great 
pain or grief, Ter. 

perdolesco -dolni, 3. to suffer violent /xiin 
or grief; suam virtutemirrisuiforepcrdoluerunt, 
Cic. 

perdomo -d5mui -dftmltum, 1. to tame tho- 
roughly ; a, tauros feroces, Ov. ; b, to subdue 
thoroughly, to conquer ; Latium, Li v. 

perduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to lead or 
bring to any place. A. 1, aliquem Komam, Lav.; 
aliquem ad Caesarem, Caes. ; bovem ad stabula, 
Verg.; 2, a, to seduce a woman, Cic; b, to carry 
or construct buildings, wjueducts, etc., from one 
point to another ; murum a lacu Leinano ad 
lnontem Juram,Caes. ; viamaBononia Arretium, 
Liv. B. Transf., tobrirujto; l f ad dignitatem, 
Caes. ; aliquem ad furorem, Cic. ; ad exitum, 
Cic. ; 2, a, to bring over to one's opinion, induce 
to do anything; aliquem ad suam sententiam, 
Cic. ; aliquem ad ducenta (talenta), to induce to 
pay, Cic. ; b, to continue, prolong ; agri colendi 
studia ad centesimum annum, Cic II. to spread 
over, smear over; totum nati corpus anibrosiac 
odore, Verg. 

perduotor -Oris, in. (perduco), a pimp, 
pander, Cic. 

perduellio -onis, f. (perduellis), a hostile 
attempt against the state, treason, Cic. 

perduellis -is, in. (per and duelluni, archaic 
for bellum). I. a publicenemy, an enemy actually 
carrying on hostilities, Cic. II. Transf., a private 
or personal enemy, Plaut. 

perduim :is -it, etc, v. perdo. 

perdulcls -6, very sweet, Lucr. 

perduro, 1. to last a long time, endure; 
probitas longum perdurat ia aevum, Ov. 

perSdo -6di -esum, 3. to eat up, devour 
entirely ; a, cibum, Pl&ut. ; b, of things, to 
consume, destroy; vellere morbo illuvieque 
peresa, Verg. ; transf., quos dum* asior ctudeli 
tabe peredat, Ycrg. 



peregre, adv. (per and ager), in a foreign 
country, abroad ; a, habitare, Liv.; depugnare, 
Cic. ; fig., animus est peregre, Hor. ; b, from 
abroad ; nuntiare, Liv. ; o, to a foreign country, 
abroad : exire, Hor. 

peregrlnabundus a -urn (peregrinor), 
travelling about, Liv. 

peregrinatio -onis, f. (peregrinor), a travel- 
ling or sojourning in foreign countries; omue 
tempus in peregrinatione consumere, Cic. 

peregrlnator -Oris, in. (peregrinor), one 
who travels about, Cic. 

peregrinitas -atis, f. (peregriuus). I. the 
condition, of a foreigner or alien. Suet. II. 
foreignmanners,customs; quum in urbera uostram 
infusa est peregrinitas, Cic. 

peregrinor, 1. dep. (peregriuus), to sojourn. 
or to travel in foreign countries. I. Lit., tota 
Asia, Cic ; in aliena civitate, Cic II. Transf., 
A. a, of things, haec studia pernoctaut nobis- 
cum, peregrinantur, rusticantur, Cic ; b, of 
persons, (a stray, wander, ramble (meutally) ; in 
infinitatem oninem, Cic. B. to be strange, 
foreign; philosophiam quae quidetu peregrinari 
Romae videbatur, Cic. 

peregrinus -a -urn (peregre). I. foreign, 
strange; amoves, foreign sweethearts, Ov.; terror, 
caused by foreign enemies, Liv. ; subst., per- 

egrinus -i, m. and peregrina -ae, f. ; &,a 
foieigner, stranger, OTc. ; b, esp., a foreigner 
resident in Rome, an alien; neque civis Deque 
peregrinus, Cic IX. strange to, inexperienced 
in ; iu agendo, Cic. . ... 

perelegans -antis, very pretty, neat, elegant; 
oratio, Cic. 

pereleganter, adv. very prettily, elegantly; 
dicerc, Cic. 

pereloquens -entis, very eloquent, Cic 

peremnis -e (per and amnis), relating to the 
crossing of a river; auspicia, the auspices taken on 
crossing a river or any running water, Cic. 

peremptus -a -um, partic. of perimo. 

percndie, adv. the day after to-morrow ; scics 
igltoc fortwsse eras, summum perendic, Cic. 

perendinus -a -um (percndie), relating to 
the day after to-morrow ; dies,' tlie iluy after to- 
morrow, Cic. 

perennis -e (per and annus). I. lasting i>r 
remaining throughout the year; militia, Liv. II. 
lasting, durable, perennial; aquae, Cic; cursus 
stellarum, Cic. ; luonuincutuiu aere pereunius, 
Hor. ; virtus, Cic. ; loquacitas, Cic. 

perennitas -atis, f. (perennis), duration, 
durableness, perpetuity ; foutium, Cic. 

perenno, 1. (perennis), to last many years, 
be durable; arte pereunat amor, Ov. 

per6o -ii and -ivi -Itum, 4. (to go through). I. 
to pass away, vanish, disappear; pereunt victac 
sole tepeute nives, Ov. ; dolium lyniphae pere- 
untis, passing through, moving away, Hor. IX, 
to 6c lost, to perish. A. Lit., a, of persons, to 
perish, die; foede, praeclare, Cic; naufragio, 
Cic; sumnio cruciatu supplicioque, Cic; eodem 
leto, Cic. ; b, of things, urbes pereunt funditus, 
Hor. ; peritura regna, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to 
pine away, waste away with love; amore, Verg. ; 
2, to be ruined politically; meo vitio pereo. 
Cic. ; perii I / am, undone! Plaut., Tor. ; pere&ra 
si (nisi), etc., a common form of imprecation. 
may I die if (if net), Ov. ; 3, to be lost : a, to bs 
wasted, spent in vain; ce oleum et op6Ta philo- 
logiae nostrao perierit, Cic. ; b, legal 1. 1., to bs 
extinguished, to be lost, to expire; quia multia 
ac-tiones et res peribant, Liv. (syecop. perf. 
, itia., perish, Ov., Liv.). - 



per 



404 



per 



perequlto. I. I. Intransit., to ride through, 
riae round; per omnes partes, Caes. II, 
Transit, to ride round; aciem, Liv. 



pSreiTO, 1. to wander, ramble, stray through; 
totum Latiinn, Liv.; forum, Hor. ; pass., pererr- 
ato jionto, Verg. 

pereriidituB -a -11111, very learned, Cic. 

pSrexigue.adv very scantily, very sparingly, 
Cic^ 

perexlgiius -a -urn, vcrysmall,vcry little, very 
scanty. I. Lit., 1, of space, loci spatium, Cats.; 
2, of number, quantity, etc., bona corporis, 
Cic. II. Transf., of time, very short ; dies, Cic. 

perexpSditus -a -um, very easy, Cic. 

perfacete, adv. very wittily ; perfacete dicta 
suut, Cic. 

perfacatus -a -um, very witty, facetious; 
aliquid perfacetum dicere, Cic. 

perfacIIS, adv. vary easily; perfacile ap- 
paret, Cic. 

perfaollis -e. I. very easy; crat perfaeilis 
cognitu, Cic. II. very courteous ; in audiendo, 
Cic. 

perfamlliarls -e, very intimate, familiar; 
alieui, Cic; subst., in. a very intimate friend ; 
me us, Cic. 

perfecte, adv. (perfectus), perfectly, com- 
pletely; eruditus, Cic. 

perfectlo -onis, f. (perficio), perfection, com- 
pleteness, completion ; perfectio niaxiniornm 
operum, Cic. ; banc perfectionem absolutioncm- 
que in oratoru desiderans, Cic. 

perfector -Oris, m. (pcrticio), a perfecter, 
completer, finisher ; diceudi, Cic. 

perfectus -a -um, p. adj. (from perficio), 
perfect, complete, finished. ; homo, orator, Cic. ; in 
dicendo, in arte, Cic. ; C. Meminius perfectus 
litteria; Cic; eioqueutia, Cic; valvas perfections 
nullas ullo unquam tempore fuisse, Cic. ; quod 
ego summuni et perfectissimuru judico, Cic. 

perfereas -entis, p. adj. (from perfero), 
patient; injuriavuon, Cjc. 

perfero -tfili -latum -fe.-re, to carry through, 
bear, bring to a certain, place or erul. I. Lit., A. 
nee pcrtulit ictum, did not reach the mark, Verg.; 
alveus fluminis non pertulit gravissimas naves, 
did not admit of, Liv. ; reflex., se perferre hinc, 
to betake onesdf, Verg. B. a, to carry, bring, 
bear, convey ; literas ad aliquem, Cic. ; alieui 
nuntium, Cic; pass., to be brought, to reach; 
quum ad euin fama perlata esset, Liv. ; b, esp., 
to bring news ; equites pertulere consuleul ob- 
sideri, Liv. II. Transf., A. to maintain, pre- 
serve; intrepidos ad fata novissitna vultiu, Ov. 

B. 1, to bring to ail end, carry through, com- 
plete; mandata, Liv.; id quod suscepi, quoad 
potero, perferam, Cic; 2, to carry through; 
legem, rogationem, Cic. ; 3, to bear, suffer, 
endure; perfero ct perpctior omnes, Cic. ; omnes 
indignitates contuineliasque, Ca*s. 

perf lea -ac, f. (perficio), she that accomplishes; 
natura, Lucr. 

perficio -feci -fectum, :!. (per ami facto). 
I. to bring to an end, complete, finish ; 1, to make 
ready, finish; pontein, Caes. ; candelabrum, 
Cic; 2, to accomplish a period of time, to live 
through; centum qui perficit annos, Hor. II. 1, 
a, to accomplish, achieve ; cogitata, Cic. ; conata, 
Caes. ; scelus, Cic ; b, to bring to an end, tu 
conduct to a close; comitia, Liv.; helium, Liv.; 

C. to bring about, accomplish, eject; perllciam 
ut, etc., Cic. ; omuia perfecit ne, etc., Cic ; nou 
perficio, foil, by qnominus, Cic. ; 2, to make 
perfect ; Acnillein cithara, Ov. 

pcrfldeils -e, very faithful^ Cic. 



perf idla -ae, f. (perfidus), faithlessness, per- 
flay, treachery, falsehood; frauclc et perhdia 
aliquem falletv, Cic 

perfldlose, adv. (perfidiosns), perfidiously, 
faithlessly, treacherously ; multa pcrlidiose facta, 
Cic. 

perfldlosus -a -um (perfldia), perfidious, 
faithless, treacherous, Cic. 

perfidus -a -um (per and tides), jterfldious, 
faithless, treacherous, false; a> "f persons, ami- 
cus, Cic. ; b, of inanimate objects, anna, verba, 
Ov. ; sacramentuin, Hor. 

perfixus -a -um, pierced through, transfixed, 
Lucr. 

perflabllis -e (perflo), that can be blown, 
through ; dii, Cic 

perflagitlosus -a -um, very shameful, very 
flagitious, Cic. 

perflo, 1. to blow through, blow over; ventS 
terras turbine perflant, Verg. 

perfluctUO, 1. to swarm all over, Lucr. 

perfliio -fiuxi -fiuxum, 3. to fl*w, stream 
through, Lucr. 

perfodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig through, 
pierce through; a, parietes, Cic; b, to pierce 
through with the smrd ; thoraca, Verg. 

perfdro, 1. I. to pierce through, perforate; 
a, navem, Cic. ; operculum ferreum, Liv. ; b, to 
pierce (with the sv:ord) ; latus ense, Ov. II. to 
form by boring ; duo lumina ab auimo ad oculos 
perforata, Cic 

perfortlter, adv. very bravely, Ter. 

perfrfequens -entis, much visited, much fre- 
quented; emporium, Liv. 

perfrlco -frieCii -fricatuiu and -frictum, 1. 
I. to rub over, to scratch; caput sinistra manu, 
Cic. II. to rub the face to hide the sign of blush- 
ing ; os, Cic. ; hence, to lay aside shame or 
modesty, Cic 

perfrigidus -a -um, very cold; tenipcstas 
perfrigida, Cic. 

perfriogo -fregi-fractum, 3. (perandfraugo). 
I. to break through, break in pieces, shatter.' A. 
Lit., saxrjiu, Cic ; naves pexfregeraut proras, 
Liv. B. Fig., to break through, set et nought, 
disregard, violate; decreta senatus, Cic; leges, 
Cic. II. to breal: through, bear down. A. Lit., 
plialangem hostium, Caes. B. Fig., onmes alti- 
tudines, Cic. ; animos, to overpower, Cic 

^erfriior -fructus sum, 3. dep. I. to enjoy 
thorougldy ; laetitiil, Cic. ; regali otio, Cic. IX, 
to erecute completely ; mandatis patris, Ov. 

perfuga -ae, 111. (peifugio), a deserter, Cic. 

perfugio -fugi -fugltum, 3. to flee away; a, 
to fly to any place, take refuge in any place; ad ali- 
quem, Liv. ; transf., ad otiuin, Cic. ; b, to de- 
sert, to the enemy ; quum paene quotidiea Poinpeio 
ad C.iesarem perfugercnt, Caes. 

perfugium -ii, 11. (perfugio), a place of refuge, 
refuge, asylum; perfugium etpraesidium salutis, 
Cic ; plur., faitercludere perfugia fortunae, Cic. 

perfunctlo -onis, f. (perfungor), a perform- 
ing, discharging; honorum, Cic. 

ferfundo -ffldi -fusum, 3. to pour over. I. 
, 1, to moisten, wet ; a, aliquem sanguiue, 
be 1 i i'ule, Tut. ; perfnndi, to be moistened with, 
and in middle, to bathe in, swim in; aqui fer- 
venti a Rubrio, Cic. ; vivo flumine, Liv. ; per- 
fusus fietu, Liv.; b, to dye, stain; ostro per- 
fusae vestes, Verg. ; 2, to sprinkle, bestrew; 
Lethaeo peifnsa papavera somno, Verg. II. 
Fig., to imoueorfill with anything ; qui mehorror 
perfudit! Cic; sensus.jucunditate quadam per- 
funditur, Cic; tirooie, Liv. 



per 



•IO.j 



Per 



pcrfungor -functus sum, 3. dep., a, to ac- 
complish, perform, execute, discharge; reipublicae 

tnuneribus, Cic ; rebus amplissimis, Cic; b, to 
go through, endure ; niolestia, Cic. ; bello, Cic. ; 
partic pass., mcmorja perfnucti pcrieuli, Cic. ; 
absol., pcrfunctus sum, / have endured, Cic. ; c, 
to enjoy; epulis, Ov. 

perfuro, 3. to rage furiously, Verg. 

Porgamum i, n. and Pergamus (-5s) -i, 
f. (Yiepyafj-os -or). I. The citadel of Troy ; gen. 
plur., Pergama -ornin, n. II. a town in 
Alysia, on the river Cairns, capital of the Icingdom 
of Pergamus, residence of the Attalian kings, now 
Bergamo. Hence, A. Pergainenus -a -um, 
relating to Pergam um (in Mysia). B. Perga- 
Kieus -a -um, relating to the citadel of Troy, 
and hence, Trojan. 

pergaudeo, 2. to rejoice exceedingly,. Cic. 

pergo, perrexi, perrectum, 3. (per and rego). 

I. Lit., to continue, proceed with, prosecute any- 
thing ; with ace, iter, Sail., Li v. ; with infln., 
ad eum ire, Cic. ; absol., perge porro, Cic. ; in 
Macedonian!, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of abstract 
subjects, nt ad eas (virtutes) cursiin perrectura 
beata vita videatur, Cic. B. Of persons, to con- 
tinue; id agere perrexi, Cic. ; perge quatuor niihi 
i.stas partes explicate, Cic. ; absol., perge lit 
cneperas, Cic. 

pergrandis -e, very la rye, eery great ; a, of 
size, gemma, Cic; b, of value, pecuniae summa, 
Cic. ; c, of time, pergrandis natu, very old, Liv. 

pergratus -a -um, very pleasant, very de- 
lightful; pergratum mihi feceris si, etc., you 
■would give me great pleasure if, etc., Cic. 

pergravis -e, very weighty, very important; 
oratio, Cic. 

pergravitex, adv. very seriously; aliqnem 

reprehendeiv, Cic. 

porgula -ae, f. (pergo), a, o shed or outhouse 
•used for curious purposes, a shop, trwl'Shop, Plin. ; 
b, a school, Juv. 

pSrhibeo -fii -Itum, 2. (per and habeq). I. 
to bring forward, propose; quern Caecilius suo 
nomine perhiljeret, Cic. II, a, to speak, say ; 
ut Graii perhibent, as the ({reeks say, Verg. J in 
pass., with r.oiii. and infln., nuntii fiiisse perhib- 
entur; b, to call, consider ; vatem hnnc perhib- 
ebo optimum, Cic. 

perhiluin, wry little, Lncr. 

perbojiorif ice, adv. very respectfully, Cic. 

perbonoriflcus -a -um, 1, rery honour- 
able; disccssus, Cic; 2, very respectful ; collega 
in me perbonoriflcus, Cic. 

perhorreo, 2. to shudder at, to dread, Ov. 

p£rhorresco -horrtii, 3. to become rough. I. 
Ol water, to he. agitated ; aequor perborruit, Ov. 

II. to be filled with dread, to shudder. A. Lit., 
a, in transit., recordations consulatus vestri per- 
horrescere, Cic. ; b, transit., to shudder at ; tant- 
am religionem, fugam virginum, Cic. B. Transf., 
to tremble, quake; clamore perborruit Aetne, Ov. 

perhorrldus -a -um, very dreadful ; silvae, 
Liv.^ 

perhumaniter, adv. very civilly, very 
kindly, Cic. 

perhumanus -a -um, very friendly, kind, 
civil ; epistola, Cic. 

Pericles -\H, in. (nepiKAijs), a. celebrated 
Athenian statesman (d. 429 B.C.). 

periclitatlo -Onis, f. (periclitor), a trial, 
experiment, Cic. 

periclitor, 1. dep. (periculum). I. Intransit., 
A. to try, make a trial; periclitemur in ex- 
emplis, Cic. B. to be in danger, to be imperilled ; 



nt potius Galloruiu vita quain legionarioruin 
periclitaretnr, Caes. ; with abl., rebus suis, Liv. 
II. TransiT., A. to try, test, 'prove, put to the proof; 
fortuuam, Cic. ; vires ingenii, Cic. B. to risk; 
lion est salus pcriulitauda reipublicae, Cic. 

Pcriclymcnus -i, 111. (IleptKAiifiero}, eon of 

Nclcus, an Argonaut. 

periculosc, adv. (periculosus), dangerously ; 
aegrotare, Cic. 

periculosus -a -um (periculum), full of 
danger, threatening danger, tlangerous, perilous ; 
vulnus, Cic. ; with dat., periculosae libertati 
opes, Liv. 

periculum (contr. peridural) -i, n. (root 
PER, whence experior), a trial, proof, test. T, 
Gen., 1, periculum facere, iomake atrial, Caes. ; 
with genit., fidei, Cic ; 2. an attempt in author* 
ship Cic. II. danger, peril. A. Gen., periculuni 
facere alicuius rei, to risk, Livr; salutem soci- 
orum snmmuiii in periculum ac diseriinen voeare, 
Cic. ; capitis periculum adire, danger of life, 
Cic. ; periculum sublre pro amico, Cic. ; pericu- 
lum alicui ereare, or conflare, or inferre, or in- 
jicere, or facessere, Cic. ; periculum est, with 
ne and the subj., there is danger that, etc., Cic. 
B. Ksp., (( trial, action, suit; a, lit., Cic. J 
b, a legal record or register ; pcricula magis- 
fratuum, Cic. 

pcridoneus -a -um, very jit, suitable, appro- 
priate ; locus peridnneus custris, Caes. 

Perillus -i, m. (Ile'piAAo?), an artist in metal 
at Alliens, who made, for Phalaris of Agrigcntnm 
a brazen bull, in which criminals u<ere to be shut 
up and roasted, and who was the first to suffer 
death by it. 

perlllustris -e, 1, very plain, very evident, 
Nep. ; 2, very distinguished, Cic. 

perimbeclllus -a -um, rery weak, Cic. 

perimo -fmi -einptujn. 3. (per and emo), to 
destroy, ruin, annihilate. I. Lit., A. sensfipei- 
empto, Cic. ; Troja perempta, Verg. ; corpus 
nallore et maeie peremptum, Liv. B. Esp., to 
kill a person ; aliqnem, Ov. ; partic pcif. = slain, 
Verg., Liv. II. Fig., to hinder, thwart, f rust rati ; 
reditum, consilium, Cic. ; eausam publicam, Cic 

perincertUS -a -um, very uncertain, Sail. 

pSrlncommdde, adv. very Inconveniently. 
very inopportunely; accidit incommode, Cic. 

perlncommodus -a -nin, wry iiirnnvrnient, 
very troublesome, Liv. 

perinde, adv. as, like as, just as, in a like 
manner; foil, by ac si, Cic; atque, Cic; quasi, 
Cic ; tamquani, Cic. ; ut, Cic ; perinde ut . . . 
ita, Liv. ; perinde utcumque . . . ita, Cic. 

perindigne, adv. very indignantly, Suet. 

perindulgens -entis, very indulgent, rery 
tender, Cic. 

perliifamia -e, very infamous, Suet. 

perinflrmus -a -um, very weak, Cic 

peringeniosus -a -um, very clever, Cic. 

periniquus -a -uni, 1, very unj'air, Cic; 
2, very discontented, very unwilling ; periniqno 
animo patior, with ace. and infln., Cic. 

perinsignis -e, very conspicuous, very ret 
markable, Cic 

Pcrinthus (-6s) -i, f. (iL-pirflot), a city in 
Thrace, afterwards called Ueradea, now Erekli. 

perinvisua -a -um, much hated ; homo, Cic 

perinvitus -a -um, very unwilling, Cic 

perior, peritus sum, 4. to experience, make a 

trial of, Plant. 
Perlpatotlcua -a -um(n«pnraT7>rixcS0,Pert- 

patetic, belonging to the Peripatetic or Aristotelian 



pe? 



406 



per 



school of philosojmy ; Bubstj Peripatetici 
•urum, m. Peripatetic philosophers. 

perlpetasma -atis, ll. (irepiniTaaixa), a 
curtain, hanging, covering, Cic. 

pSrlratUS -a -urn, very angry, Cic. 

periscSUs -idis, f. (irepio-KeAi's), a garter or 
on anklet, Hor. 

' pSrlstroma -fitts, n. (nepiorpiafia), a curtain, 
carper, hanging, Cic. (abl. plur. heteroel., peri- 
etromatis). 

peristylum -i, n. (neplarvXov), a peristyle 
Or court surrounded by a colonnade, Cic. 

perlte, adv. (peritus.), skilfully, cleverly; 
perite dicere, Cic. ; nihil (peritlus) de foederibus, 
Cic. ; perirtssirnervenditare, Cie; 

pcritla -ac, f." (peritus), knowledge - derived 
from experience, sfci«;-locorani ac ritilitiae, Sail. 

perlto, 1. to perish utterly, Lucr. 

peritus -a -nm (perior), experienced, skilful, 
practised, expert ; absol., peritissimi duces, Caes.; 
•with genit,, rerum, Cic; with abl., quis jure 
peritior? Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad usum et 
disciplinain, Cic. ; with infin., cantare, Verg. 
, perjero = pejero(q.v.). - 

perjucunde, adv. 'very pleasantly, very de- 
lightfttily ; in aliqua re versari, Cic' 

perjucundus -a -urn, very pleasant, very 
delightful; litterae, disputatio, Cic. 

perjuriosus -a -um(perjui'ium), full ef per- 
jury, perjured, Plant. 

perjurium -ii, n. (perjurns), false sweating, 
perjury, Cic. 

perjiiro = pejero (q.v.). 

perjurus (pejurus) -a -nm (per and jus), 
perjured; perjurus et niendax, Cln. ; leiin per- 
jurissimus, Cic. ; subst., a perjured person, Cic. 

perlabor -lapsus sum, ft. to glide, through, 
penetrate ; rot is sumiiiaslevibusporlabitur Hildas, 
ylides along, Verg.; with ad and the ace, to 
reach to ; inde perlapsns ad nos et usque ad 
Oceamun Hercules, Cic. 

perlaetus -a -um, very joyful, Liv. 

perlate, adv. very widely, very extensively, 
Cic. „ i- j. 

perlecebra (pellecebra) -ae, f. (pellicio), 
an enticing, alluring, Plant. 

perlectio = pellectio (q.v.). 

perlego (pellego) -iegi •leetnnr, 3. I. to 

survey thoroughly, scan, examine accurately; 
omnia oculis, Verg. II. A- to read through; 
libnim, Cic B. to read through, call over; 
senatum, to call over the'roll of senators, Liv] 

perlevis -e, very light, very] slight r/peflevi 
moinento,'Cic, 

perleviter, adv. very slightly ; pungit an'iini 
dolor, Cic. ... ... .... 

pcrlibens (pcrlubens) -cutis, very will- 
ing, Cic. 

perlibenter, adv. very vfilUngly, Cic' 

perliberalte -e, well brought vp, veil-bred, 
Ter. 

V erliberallter, adv. very liberally, very 
bountifully, Cic. 

perllbet (perliibet) -bait, 3. it is pleasing, 
very pleasant, Plant. 

perliclo = pellicio (q.v.). 

perllto, 1. to offer mi auspicious sacrifice, to 
sacrifice with favourable omens; prirais hostiis, 
Liv. 

perlonge, adv. very far, Ter. 

perlongus -a -um, 1, very long; via, Cic; 
2, i'.i'tivg a lorn time, tedious, Plant. 



perliibet, etc.= perlibet, etc (q.v.). 

perliiceo (pelluceo) -lnxi, 2. I. to shine 
through, gleam, through; 1,- lit., lux perluceris, 
Liv.j 2, fig., to shine through, be visible; per- 
lucet ex eis virtutibus, Cic. II. to be trans- 
parent; pellucens, transparent; aether, Cic; 
fig., oratio, Cic. 

pci-luclduius (pellucidulus) -a -um 
(dim. of perlueidns), somewhat transparent ; 
lapis, pearl, Cat. » 

perluoidus (pellucldus) -a -um. trans* 
parent; membranae, Cic; transf., illustris et 
perlucida Stella, bright, Cic 

perluctrfiosUB *a -um, very moumfvl, Q\c-. _ 

perliio -ltti -lutum, 3. to wash, bathe ; -manufc 
un<la, Ov. ; pass., perlui, as middle, to bathe ;'m 
fluminibus perluuntur, Caes. ; und.i, Hor. 

perlustro, 1. I, ""to pass,' wander, range 
thrcrugh ; ngros, Liv. II. to regard, consider, 
examine ; omnia oculis, Liv. ; aliquid auimo-, Cic 

permagnus -a -nm, vera great, very large ; 
hereditas, Cic. ; pennagnum est, with inlin., Cic; 
subst., permagnum -i, ri. (/ very great thing; 
quod permagni interest, Cic. 

perm&le, a<lv. very badly or unsuccessfully } 
pugnai'e, Cic 

permananter, adv. (permano), by flowing 
through, Lucr. 

permaneo-inansi-inansum,2. to remain, stay, 
abide. I. Lit., Seleucus in maritima ora per. 
n:. 'liens, Liv. II. 1, to last, continue. ; ut quani 
maxime pernianeatit diuturna corpora, Cic. ; 2, 
to abide, remain ; in mea pristina senteutia, Ci''. 

permano, l. I. to flow through. A. Lit., 
in saxis ac spelnncis pwinanat aquarum liquidity 
humor, Liter. B. Transf., to penetrate; per- 
manat fYigus ad ossa, Lucr. II. to flaw to. A, 
Lit., succus perinaii.it adjecnr, Cic B. Transf., 
to reach, penetrate, extend ; doetrina in civitateni, 
Cic ; ad auras alicuius, cic. ; conclusiunculae 
ad sensum non periiianantcs, Cic. 

permanslo -onis, f. (permaneo). I, a re, 
mainino, abiding in a place; quodvis eninl 
supplicium levius est hac permansione, Cic. II. 
abiding in an opinion ; in una senteutia, Cic. 

permarinus -a -urn, relating to the sea ; 
Lares, guardian deities of those who travel by sea, 
Liv. 

pcrmaturesco -maturiii, B. to become tho- 
roughly ripe, Ov. 

permediooris -e, very moderate, Cic 

permeo, L 1. to go through, ]xiss through, 
traverse; maria ac terras, Ov. II. to penetrato 
or reach; 1, longius in hosfrs, Tac. ; 2, to pei\ 
vade, Cic. • ... ........ 

Permessus -i, h. (iiep/urjo-o-d?), a river 'in 
Boeotia, rising in ilie. spring on lieliam, sacred-to 
th' Muses, and flowing into the Copaic lake. 

permetior -mensns sum, 4. dep. I. to 
measure through, measure out; solis niagnitU'. 
dinem, Cic II. to traverse ; "aequor, Verg. 

permotSenS -entis, greatly fearing, V^rg. 

permingo -minxi, 3. to defile, Hor. 

permlnutus -a -van, very small, very trifling, 
Cic. 

permlrus -a -um, rery wonderful; illud 
miTii perniiruni aceldit, with ace and infin., Cic 

permisceo -miscili -mixtum or -mistum, 2. 
to mix, mingle thoroughly I. Lit, naturam cum 
materia, Cic ; permixti cum suis fugientibus, 
Caes. II. Fig., A. fructus acerbitate permixti, 
Cic. B. to confound, confuse, bring into dis- 
order; omnia jura divina ct humana, Caes.; 
Giaeciam, Cic. 



per 

permissio -Onis, f. (pennitto). I. yielding, 
turrender, Liv. II. permission, leave; mea 

permissio mansionis tuae, Cic. 

permissus -ti, m. (pennitto), have, 2>ermis- 
sion; only in abl., permissu legis, Cic. 

permitto -nilsi -missum, 3. • to let go, let 
loose. A. Lit., 1, equos permittunt iu hostem, 
Liv.; 2, to throw, hurl at a mark; saxum in 
hostem, Ov. B. Fig., 1, permittere tribunatuui, 
to make use of, Liv. ; 2, a, to give vp, yield, cede, 
surrender; alicui potestatem, Cic; consulibus 
rempublicam, Cic. ; se in fldem ac potestatem 
populi, Caes.; b ; to give up, sacrifice; iniinicitias 
patribus consenptis, Cic. ; pennitto aliquid ira- 
cuiuliae tuae, make some alloivanccs for, Cic", c, 
to allow, permit ; with infin., Liv.; with ut N and 
the subj., Cic. ; partic. ' subst. , permisauin -i, 
n. permission, Hor. 

permixte, adv. (permixtus, from perniiE- 
ceo), i?t a mixed manner, confusedly, Cic 

permixtio -onis, f. (permisceo), a mixing; 
mixture, Cic. 

permodestus -a -tun, very modest, very 
moderate, Cic . 

permodicus -a -urn, very modemie, very 
small, very slight, Suet. " ; ~ .' 

permoleste, adv. (perniolestus), very hardly, 
with much difficulty; permoleste tuli, I was much 
vexed, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., Cic. 

pcrmolestus -a -urn, very troublesome, very 
burdensome, Cic. 

periuotio -onis, f. (pennoveo). I. a move- 
ment, motion, agitation ; animi, Cic. II. an 
emotion, Cic 

permoveo -mCvi -motum, 2. to move or stir 
up thoroughly. I. Life, mare pennotum, agitated, 
Lucr. II. Transf., A. to move, excite, agitate 
vw'iltallji ; a, to persuade, in/luce, influence; 
.■ilic|iiem pollicitationibus, Oaes. ; nihil to CUTUlls 
aedilitas permovit quominus lndos flagitio pol- 
lute*, Cic; permotns auctoritate, injuriis, Cic; 
b, to move, affect; nientem judicum, Cic. ; per- 
motus metu, dolore, iracundia, odio, Cic. B. to 
excite any particular passion or emotion ; invidiam, 
misericordiam, mctum et iras, Tac. 

permulceo -mnlsi -mulsum and (rarely) 
-mulctum, 2. to stroke. I. A. Lit., aliquem 
manu, Ov.; barbam alicuius, Liv. B. Fig., a, to. 
charm, delight ; sensum voluptate, Cic. ; b, to' 
soothe, tranquillise, soften ; senectutem, Cic. ; 
irain alicuius, Cic. II. Transf., to touch gently; 
lumina virga, Ov. 

permultus -a -um, very much, very many ; 
a, adj., viri, Cic; b, subst, permultum -i, 
n. much, Cic; hence, permulto, by far, by much ; 
with compar., pernmlto clariora, Cic; c, adv., 
permultum, very much; permultum ante, long 
before, Cic, 

permunio -ivi -itum, 4. to fortify completely, 
to finish fortifying ; quaeninnimenta iiichoaverat, 
permunit, Liv. 

permutatio -onis, f. (permuto). I. change, 
alteration; colons, Cic; magna permutatio 
rerum, Cic. II. an exchange, barter; 1, permu- 
tatio mercium, Tac ; plur., partim emptiones, 
paitim pennutationes, Cic ; 2, excliange of 
money ; publica, Cic. 

permuto, 1. I. to change completely ; senten- 
tiam, Cic. ; dominos, Hor. II. to exchange, 
Imrter ; 1, nomina inter se, Plaut. ; 2j a, to ex- 
change money; ut cum quaestu populi peounia 
permutaretur, Cic ; b, to exchange prisoners; 
captivos, Liv. 

perna -ae, f. (n-cpi/a), a leg of pork, a ham, or 
gammon, Hor. 



407 per 

pernecessarius -a -um. I. very necessary f 
tempus, Cic. II. vary intimate ; liomo intimui 
ac niilii pernecessarius, Cic. 

pernecesse, adv. very iiecessary ; esse, Cic. 

p erne go, 1. I. to deny obstinately persist 
in denying ; with ace and infin., Cic II. to 
persist in refusing, Plaut. 

perniciabllis -e (pernicies), deadly, destruc- 
tive, fatal ; morbi, Liv.; id perniciabile reo, Tac 

pernleialis -e (pernicies), deadly, fatal, 
Lucr. 

pernicies -el, f. (per and nex). I, destruc- 
Hon, disaster, calamity, ruin; perniciem afferre 
vitae alicuius,- Cic; incumbere ad alicuius per- 
niciem, Cic. ; moliri alicuius perniciem, Cic.- II. 
Meton., a dangerous person or thing; pernicies 
provincial Siciliae, Cic (old genit., pernicii and 
dat., pernicie). 

perniciose, adv. (perniciosus), destntctively, 
ruinously, calamitously, jwrniciously ;' multa 
peiniciosc sciscuntur iu populis, Cic; quo per- 
niciosius de republica merentur vitiosi homines, 
Cic. 

perniciosus -a -um (pernicies), calamitous, 
pernicious, dangerous; csp'., dangercms to the 
state; exemplum, Cic; lex, Cic; morbi, Cic 

pernlcitas -atis, f. (pernix), su-iftness, fleet- 
ness, agility, Cic » 

perniciter, adv. (pernix), swiftly,' actively, 
nimbly; equo desilire, Liv. 

pernimium, adv. far too much, Ter. 

pernix -ulcis f* pemitor), svjift, nimble, agile, 
active; corpus, Liv. 

pernobilis -e, very celebrated; epigramma 
Graccum, Cic. 

pernocto, 1. (pernox), to pass the night, sjiend 
the night ; ad ostium careen's, Cic; in nive, Cic; 
extra moenia, Liv. ; tl#., hacn studia pernoeiaiit 
nohiscum, Cic. 

pernosoo -aovi -nOtum, 3. to investigate 
thoroughly, to become, thoroughly acquainted with ; 
liominum mores ex oculis, vnltu, etc, Cic 

pernotesco -notili, 3. to become generally 
well known, Tac. 

pernox -nocte (only in nom. and abl.), last- 
ing all night ; luna pernox erat, Liv. 

pernumero, 1. to count out, reckon com- 
pletely ; imperatam pecuniam, Liv. 

1. pero -onis, m. a boot of rough leather or «ii« 
tanned hide, Verg. 

2. Pero -us, f. (llrjpiu), daughter of Neleve-, 
sister of Nestor.- 

perobscurus -a -um, very obscure ; quaestio, 
Cic.^ 

perodi -osus sum -odisse, to hate' exceedingly; 
only in partic perf., perosus -a -xaitfAqtitig, 
detesting; decern virorum scelera, Liv. ; lucem, 
shunning the light, Ov. ; perosuin esse, to hate, 
detest ; plebs consilium nomeu perosa. erat, LLv. 

per odiosus -a -um,- much hated, very trouble- 
some, Cic. - • - 

perofficiose, adv. very obligingly, very at- 
tentively ; qui me. perolllciose observant, Cic. 

PSroleo, 2. to emit a bad smell, Lucr.' 

Peronatus -a -um (1. pero), viearing boots of 
untanned leather, Pers. 

peropportune, ad^•. very opportunely, very 
seasonably ; venire, Gic 

peropportunus -a -um, very opportune, 
very seasonable, very convenient ; deversorium, 
Cic 

peroptato, adv. according to one's desire, Cic 

peropus, adv. very necessary, Ter. 



per 



408 



per 



peroratio -Gnis, f. (peroro), a, the conclusion 
ct'u speech, peroration, Cie. ; b, the closing speech, 

Cic 

perornatus -a -um, very ornate (of an 
orator), Civ. 

perorno, l. to adorn greatly; senatuin, Tac. 

peroro, 1. I. to apeak from beginning to 
end, to plead a cause throughout, explain or state 
thoroughly; to torn r-aueam, Cic. II. to end, 
close; a, wirh amis., totum boo crimen decum- 
aniini peroral*), Cic; res ills die uon perora- 
tur, Cic. ; b, absol., to conclude ti speech, to itrind 
up ; quoniam satis multa clixi est mihi peror- 
audum, Cic. ; also to close a case, (of the last 
speaker at a trial), Cic. 

perosus -a -um, v. perodi. 

perpaco, 1. tn pacify thoroughly, tranquillize ; 
necdum omnia in Graecia perpaeata erant, LIv. 

perparce, adv. very sparingly, very frugally, 
Tec 

perparvulus -a -um, very little ; sigilla, Cic. 

perparvus -a -um, very little, very small; 
perparva et tenuis civitns, Cic. 

perpastus -a -um (per ami paseo),~»v7/ fed, 
fat ; ratnis, Pliaedr. 

perpauculus -a -um, very fev, very little ; 
passus, Cic. 

perpaucus -a -um, wry few, very little ; a, 
adj., auvocati, Cic. ; b, plur. snbst., (a) in., 
perpauci, very fev, Cic. ; ((3) n., perpauca dicere, 
Cic. 

perpaululum (perpaulliilum) -i, n. 

dim. a very, very little, Cic. 

perpaulum (perpaullum), adv. a very 
little, Cic. 

perpauper -Pi is, very poor, Cic. 

perpauxillum -i, n. a very little, Plant. 

perpnvefaclo, 3. to terrify exceedingly, 
Plant. 

perpello -piili -pnlsitm, 3. 1, to rfWiv, to 
'urge, compel, prevail j/jkwi, constrain : urhem eo 
Tnetu ad deditionem, Li v. ; pen. with ut or ne 
n'nd the sub,)., Sail., Liv. ; 2, to make a deep im- 
pression on ; candor hiiius te et piweritas, 
rnltus oculiqne perpulerunt, Cie. 

perpendlculum -i, n.(perpen<ln). aplumb- 
line, plummet ; ad ])erpendiculum oolnmnas 
exigere, Cic ; ad peipendn ulum, in a straight 
line, Cic, Caes. 

perpendo -pendi -pension, 8. to weigh care- 
fully, to consider, examine, investigate; transf. , 
aliquid ad dlsciplinae praaeepta, Cic; perpend- 
itur nmicitia veritate, Cic. 

perperam, adv. wrongly, falsely, untruly ; 
jndicare, Cic. ; facere, Cic. 

perpes -petis(= perpetuus), continuous, un- 
broken, perpetual ; noctem perjietem, throughout 
the night, Plant. 

perpessio -(inis, f. (perpctior), suffering, en- 
durunct ; laborum, Cic. ; dolorum, Cic. 

perpetior -pessus, X dep. (per and patior), 
to bear, endure, suffer steadfastly ; dolorem, Cic; 
with ace. and infln., Verg. 

perpStro, 1. (per and patro), to complete, 
accomplish, perform, commit, effect, bring about, 
finish ; cnedem, sacrificium, Liv. 

perpetultas -atis, f. (perpetuus), uninter- 
rupted continuance, perpetuity, continuity ; vitae, 
Cic ; oratlonis, Cic. ; ad pcrpetuitatem, for ever, 
Cic 

1. perpStud, adv. (perpetuus), perpetually, 
for ever, uninterruptedly, Cic. 

2. pcrp^tuo. 1. (perpetuus), to make con- 
tinual or perpetual- continue, perpetuate; verba, 



/i) pronounce in unbroken succession, Cic. ! |iot 
fisratcm judicuni, to Maintain iinliukcn, Cic. 

perpetuus -a -nm(peto), continuous, unin- 
terrupted, continual. I. a, of space, munitioiies, 
Cues.; or&tio, Cic; carmen, Hor. ; b, of time, un- 
broken, cant in uiug, lasting, perpetual; ignis Vest.-ie 
perpetuus ac seiupiternus, Cic. ; quaestioncs, 
composed of a standing body of judges, Cie. ; in 
perpetuum, for ever, Cic. II, universal, general ; 
jus, Cie. 

perplaceo, 2. to please erceedingly ; ea (lex) 
mihi perplacet, Cic. 

perplcxe, adv. (perplexns), confusedly, ob- 
scurely; indicare, Liv. 

perplexus -a -um (partic. of * perplecto), 
confused, intricate, entangled. I. Lit., iter, 
Verg. II. Transf., confused, intricate, obscure, 
perplexed, dark, ambiguous ; sermones, Liv. ; 
perplexum Punico aRtu responsum, Liv. 

perplioatus -a -um(perand plleo), entangled, 
involved, Lucr. 

perpluo, X tolet the ruin through; perpluunt 
tigna, Plant.; hence, to rain into ; amor in pectus 
perpluit nieuiii, Plant. 

perpollO, -t. I. to smooth, polish thoroughly, 
Plin. II. to polish, perfect, complete; illam 
superioveni partem perpolire atqne conlicere, 
Cic. 

perpolltUS -a -um, p. adj. (from perpolio), 
polished, accomplished, refined; perfecti in die- 
endo et perpoliti homines, Cic; vita perpolita 
liumanitate, Cic. 

perpopiilor, 1. clep. to lay waste, devastate 
completely; Italiain, Liv. 

perporto, 1. to carry, transport to any place, 
Liv. 

perpotatlo -onis, f. (perpoto), a continued 
drinking, drunken debauch ; plur., intemjiernnt- 
issimae peipofationes, Cic. 

perpoto, 1. I. to continue drinking, to l.irji 
lip a drunken debauch; totOS dies, Cic. ', pcr- 

Eotant ad vespenim, Cic II. to drink ifj». 
ucr. 

perpreiuo = perprinto (q.v.). 

perprlmo -pressi -pressum, 3. (per and 
premo), to press hard ; cubilia, to lie upon, Hor. 

perpropinquus -a -um, very nearly related ; 
M. illins Aurii perpropinquus, Cic 

perprosper -era -eiiun, very prosperous; 
valet udo, very good, Suet. 

perprurisco, 8. to itch all over, Plant. 

perpugnax -acis, very pugnacious; in dis- 
putnuilo, Cic 

perpulcher -clira -chrum, very beautiful, 
Ter. 

perpurgo, 1. I. tn make thoroughly clean ; 
se quadam lierluila, Cic. II. Fig., 1, fo explain 
thoroughly, to clear up; locum orntionis, Cic; 
2, to confute, refute; criminn, Cic. 

perpusillllS -a -um, very small, very little; 
in double sense, perpnsilius testis processit 
. . . non accusabis, perpnsillum rogauo, i.e., / 
will ask a little question, I will question the little 
man, Cic. 

perquam, adv. (per and quani), very much, 
extremely; perquam grave est diet «, Cic; per- 
qi'iiu breviter, Cic. 

perquiro -sivi -Sltum, X (per and qnaeroy, 
tn inquire earnestly, make accurate, inquiries, 
search for eagerly ; vias, Caes. ; vasa, Cic. ; ilia 
ab Rccusatore, Cic. 

perquisite, adv. (perquisitus, from per- 
nmro), accurately ; in coinpar., perqilisitius et 
diHgentius conscribere, Cic. 



per 



409 



per 



pcrraro, adv, (perrarus), very rarely, very 
seldom, Cic 

perrarus -a -uiu, very uncommon, very rare, 
Liv. 

perrecondltus -a -11111, very abstruse, very 
recondite, Cic. 

perrepo -repsi -reptum, 3. lu cruivl through, 
creep over, Tib. 

perrepto, l. (intens. of perrepo), to crawl 
about, to crawl through, Plant. 

Perrhaobia -ae, f. (ITcppaiSia), a district in 
Thessaly. Adj., Perrhaebus -a -uui, Perrhae- 
bian, poet. = Thessalian. 

perridicule, adv. (perridieulu.s), very laugh- 
ably, Cic. 

perridiculus -a -urn, very laughable, very 
ridiculous, Cic. 

perrogo, 1. to ask a number of persons in 
succession, to ask one after another ; sententiam, 
sententias, Liv. 

perrumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. I. Intrausit., 
to break through, burst a way through ; per 
medioshostes, Caes. ; per aeiem, Liv. II. Transit., 
to break through, burst through. A. Lit., 1, rates, 
Caes. ; 2, to make a way through; paludem, Caes. ; 
cuneos hostium, Liv. B. Fig., to break through, 
subdue, overpower, annihilate; periculum, Cic; 
quaestiones, Cic. 

1. Persa -ae, f. (Ile'poT)). 1. a nymph, mother 
of Aeetes, Circe, and Hecate by Hoi. Hence, adj., 
PerseiS -Idis, f. (ITepaVs). = magical; hcrbae, 
Ov. ; sc. Musa, a poem, Ov. II, name of a little 
dog, Cic. 

2. Persa, v. Persae. 

Persae -arum, in. (riepo-ai), the Persians; 
sing., Persa -ae, m. and Perses -ae, m. ; 
hence, A. Persia -ae, f. Persia. B. Persis 
-Wis, f. 1, adj., Persian, Ov. ; 2, subst., Persia 
in a narrower sense, Persis, the district between 
Carmania, Media, and Susiana, now Fars or 
Farsistan. C. Adj., Persicus -a -um, Persian ; 
arbor, or simply Pei-sicus -i, f. the -peach-tree ; 
Persica -Oram, n. Persian history. 

persaepe, adv. very often, Cic. 

persalse, adv. (persalsus), very wittily ; per- 
salse ct humaniter gratias milii agit, Cic. 

persalsus -a -uui, very witty, Cic. 

persalutatio -Onis, f. (persaluto), a greet- 
ing, salutation, Cic. 

persaluto, 1. to greet a number in succession, 
greet all round ; oinnes, Cic. 

persancte, adv. very sacredly, Ter. 

persapiens -entis, very wise ; homo, Cic. 

persapienter, adv. (persapiens), very 
wisely, Cic. 

persoienter, adv. (per and scio), very know- 
ingly, very discreetly, Cic. 

persoindo -scidi -scissum, 3. to tear to pieces ; 
omnia perscindente vento, Liv. 

perscitUS -a -um, very fine, very clever, very 
pretty ; (in tmesis) x>er inihi scituni videtur, Cic. 

perscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. tovjritedown 
accurately, explicitly. A. Gen., rationes sunt 
perscriptae scite et litterate, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
officially, to note down, enter in a memorandum- 
book or register ; a, omnia judicum dicta, tnter- 
rogata, vesponsa, Cic. ; b, to enter in an account- 
book ; falsum nomen, Cic; 2, to notify, an- 
nounce, relate in writing; alicui mitissimam 
.alicuius orationem, Cic. ; de suis rebus ad Lol- 
lium, Cic. ; 3, to make over or assign to in 
writing; illam pecuniam in acdem sacrain re- 
flejcndaii) perscribcre, Cic 



persoiiptlo -onis, f. (perscribo). I. a, an, 
entering in a register, Cic. ; b, an entering in an 
account-book, Cic. II. a making over or assign- 
ing by a written document, Cic. 

perscriptor -Oris, in. (perscribo), one who 
writes down or makes an entry, Cic 

perscrutor, 1, dep. I. to aearcli through, 
look through, seek through ; urculas niuliebrcs, 
Cic. II. Transl'., to examine into, to investigate ; 
naturam rationemque criminuin, Cic. 

perseco -stJeiii -sectum, 1. tocut off entirely, cut 
through, cut out; 1, id ne scrperet iteruin latins, 
Liv. ; 2, to dissect, lay bare ; rerum naturas, Cic 

persector, 1. dep. I. to follow, pursue eagerly; 
accipitros persectantes, Lucr. II. Trausf., to 
investigate ; priinordia, Lucr. . 

persecutio -Onis, f. (persequor), a prosecu- 
tion, Cic. 

persedeo -sedi -scssuin, 2. to remain sitting ; 
in equo dies uoctesque persedeudo, Liv. 

persegnis -e, very sluggish, very languid; 
proclaim, Liv. 

persenex -is, very old, Suet. 

persentlo -seusi -sensum, 4. 1, to perceive 
distinctly ; earn tali peste teneri, Verg. ; 2, lojeel 
deeply ; magno pectore curas, Verg. 

persentisco, 3. 1, to perceive distinctly, 
Ter. ; 2, to feel deeply, Lucr. 

Persephone -es, f. (nepo-e^onj), the Greek 
name of Proserpina (q.v.). ; nieton. = death, Ov. 

persequor -secutus and -sequiitus sum, 
-sequi, 3. dep. I. to follow constantly, pursue 
earnestly. A. Lit., 1, gen., vestigia alicuius, Cic; 
2, esp., a, to follow with hostile intent, pursue; 
fugientes usque ad rlumen, Caes. ; b, to seaixh 
through a place; oinnes solitudines, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, omnes vias, to use every method., Cic ; 
2, a, to strive after, seek to attain; voluptates, 
Cic. ; b, to follow after, busy oneself with ; artes, 
Cic. ; c, to imitate ; ironiam, Cic. ; aliquein, Cic; 
d, to belong to a sect, to he a follower of; sectaiu 
et instituta alicuius, Cic. ; Aeademiam vetereiu, 
Cic; e, to pursue hoslilely, avenge, punish; 
civitateni bello, Caes. ; injurias, Cic ; inorteiu 
alicuius, to avenge, Cic; f, to prosecute judicially; 
(a) a person, aliquem judicio, Cic; (J3) to strive 
to obtain ; jus suuin, Cic. ; bona sua lite atque 
judicio, Cic ; g, to follow up an act, bring about, 
accomplish, perform, execute; mea mandata, Cic; 
incept a, Liv.; h, to treat of verbally or in writing ; 
set forth, expound, describe ; quae versibus per- 
secutes est Ennius, Cic; Brutus philosophiam 
Latinis literis perscquitur, Cic. II. to reach (a, 
attain to. A. Lit., aliquem ne persequi quidem 
posse tliginta diebus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to 
collect, call in; hereditates aut syngraphas, Cic; 
2, to write down, register ; quae dicuntur, Cic. 

1. Perses -ae and Pers£us -ei, m. (riepo^?), 

the last king of Macedonia, defeated by the Roman 
general Aemilius Paulus (168 B.c). Hence, 1, 
Persicus -a -um, relating to Perseus; 2, Per- 
seis, ace. -Ida, f. a town in Macedonia. 

2. Perses -ae, m. a Persian, v. Persae. 
Perseus -ei and -Sos, m. (TIeptrfvs), son of 

Jupiter and Danae, slayer of the Medusa and the 
monster to whom Andromeda was exposed ; hence, 
adj . , 1, Perseus -a -um ; 2, Perselus -a -um, 
relating to Perseus. 

perse verans -antis, p. adj. (from pcrsevero), 
holding out, enduring, persevering, Liv. 

perseveranter, adv. (perscverans), perse, 
veriugly, persistently ; bene coeptam rem tueri, 
Liv. 

perseverantia -ae, f. (persevero), pers* 
verance, endurance, persistence, Cic, 



per 



410 



per 



persevero, 1. (perseverun). I. intransit., 

topersist, remain constant, persevere in anything ; 
a, in sua sententia, Cic. ; pass, used also impers., 
uon est ab isto perseveratum, Cic. ; b, to con- 
tinue or finish a voyage or journey; una navis 
perseveravit, Caes. II. Transit., to ' procetd 
with, persist in; id, Cic; with intin., iujuriam 
facere fortissime, Cic; with ace. and infin., to 
maintain that; perseverabat se esse Orestom, 
Cic 

persevems -a -uni, very strict ; imperiuni, 
Tac • 

Persia, v. Persae. 

Perslcus, v. Persae and Perses 

persideo -sedi -sessum, 2. = persed«o (q.v.). 

persido -sedi -sessum, 8. to settle down, Verg. 

persigno, I. tonotedown, record; dona, Liv. 

persimills -e, very like, very similar ; statua 
is tins persimilis, Cic. 

perslmplex -lets, very 3implc, Tac. 

persisto, 3. to remain constant, persist in 
anything ; in eadem impudentia, Liv. (forperfet i 
form v. persto). 

Persius *u'-, m. I. an orator, contemporary 
v-ith Luciliv.s. H. ; a celebrated Roman satirist 
■in the reign of Nero. 

persolla ae, f. (diin. of persona), a little 
musk ; hence, as a term of reproach, a little 
fright, Plaut. 

persolvo -solvi -solfitum, 3. I. to unloose; 
fig., = to explain, expound, Cic. II. to pay, pay 
of; a, lit, 8tipendium militibus, Cic ; aes 
alienum alienis nominibus suis copiis, to pay the 
debts of others with one's own money, Sail. ; b, 
transf., to pay, give, render to any one his due, 
discharge an obligation ; grates, Verg.; meritam 
diis immortalibus gratiam, Cic. ; poenas, lo'mffcr 
punishment, Cic. ; epistolae, to answer a letter, 
Cic. 

persona -ae, f. the mask worn by the odors 
in the Greek and Roman drama. I. Lit., nt 
ex persona mini ardore oculi hominis histrionis 
viderentur, Cic. II. Meton., 1, the part, cha- 
racter, pa~son represented by the actor ; persona 
de mimo, Cic ; 2, transf., a, the part which any 
one plays; the character which he sustains in the 
world; aecusatoris, Cic; petitoris personam 
capere, Cic. ; personam in republica tueri prin- 
cipis, to be. a leading man in the state, Cic. ; b, 
a person in the abstract — a personality, iv- 
dividuality, character; huius Staleni persona, 
Cic. 

persoaatUS -a" -am" (persona), 1, clad: in a 
VMtsk, masked ; Roscius, Cic; 2, fictitious, not 
genuine, counterfeited; quid est, cur ego per- 
sonalis ambulem, Cic 

persono -s5nui -stfnltuin, 1. I. Intransit., A. 
to sound through, resound thoroughly ; domus 
cantu personabat, Cic ; aures personant huius- 
modi vocibns, Cic; id totis personabat castris, 
Liv. ; of persons, to shout, Tac. B. to perform 
vpon a musiccd instrument ; citbara lopas per- 
sonat, Verg. II. Transit., A. tofiU with sound, 
cause to resound ; aequora concha, Verg. B. a, to 
c>-y loudly, with ace. and infin., Cic; b, to pro- 
claim loudly; quas (res) isti in angulis personant, 
Cic 

perspcetc, 1. (intens. of perspieio), 1, to 
look at to the. end, Suet.; 2, to look o.liubout, Plaut. 

perspectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from perspieio), 
well known, fully known ; virtus, Cie. ; (superb), 
benevolentia perspectissima, Cic. 

perspeculor, 1. dep. to investigate, explore 
thoroughly, Suet. 

perspcrgo, ". (per and spargo), to sprinkle, 



moisten: fig., quo taniquain sale perspergntur 
omnis oratio, Cic 

perspicacitas -;lUs, f. (perspicax), sharp- 
sightediiess, Cic (?) 

perspicax -Scis (perspieio), sharp-sighted, 
acute; id quod acutuin ac perspicax uaturaest, 
Cic 

perspicientia -ae, f. (perspieio), a perfect 
acquaintance with or knowledge of; veri, Cic 

perspieio -spexi -spectum, 3. (per and 
speeio). I, Intransit.', to 'look into, to pejietratc 
by the look ; quo nou modo non intrari, .s"e*fl ne 
perspici quidem posset, Cic. II. Transit., A. to 
see through, look through, behold; nt prao densi- 
tate arborum perspici caelum, vis jtosset, Liv. 
B. a, to look at attentively, survey, examine; 
domum taam, Cic ; b, to read through something 
written ; eas (epistolas) ego oportet perspiciam, 
Cic. ; C, to regard mentally, note, observe, in- 
vestigate, ascertain; alicuius lidem, Cic; animos 
regum, Cic ; with arc and infin., Cie. ; or pass., 
with nom. and infin., Cic; with rel. sent., ista 
Veritas quae sit, non satis perspieio, Cic 

perspicue, adv. (perspicuus), clearly, plain- 
ly, evidently; plane et perspicue expedirealiquid, 
Cic 

persplcuitas -atis, f. (perspicuus), 1, clear- 
ness, brightness, transparency, Plin. ; 2, transf., 
clearness, perspicuity, Cie. 

perspiC&US -a -um (perspieio). I. trans- 
parent, bright, clear; aquae, Ov. II. Transf., 
clear, evident, perspicuous ; utilitatis ratio aut 
perspieua nobis aut obseura, Cic. 

persterno -straYi -stratum, 3. to make iptite 
level, pave thoroughly ; viam silice, Liv. 

pcrstimulo, 1. to goad on violently, Tac 

persto-stlti -staturus, 1. to stand firm, remain 
standing. I. Lit., armati omnes diem tbtuin 
perstant, Liv. II. Transf, A. to remain un- 
changed, to last, endure; nihil est quod toto 
perstet in orbe, Ov. B. to stand firm, 2iersist, 
persevere ; in incepto, Liv. ; in sententia, Cic ; 
with infin., si perstiteris corpus ad ea quae dixi 
referre, Cie. 

perstrepo -ui, 3. to make a great noise, Ter. 

perstringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to graze, 
graze, against. I. Lit., a, portam aratro, Cic ; 
solum aratro, to plough, Cic ; b, esp., to wound 
slightly; femur, Cic II. Transf., a, to touch, 
seize, lay hold of; horror ingens speetantes per- 
stringit, Lit. ; eonsnlatus meus cum perstrinx- 
erat, hadwaed, Cic. ; b, to scold, blame, reproach ; 
voluntate: cetiis, Cic; aliquem suspiclone, 
Cic. ; C, .'•■ h vpon in discourse, relate briefly ; 
tantuminodo perstringere unamquamque rem, 
Cic. 

perstudlose, adv. (perstudiosus), very 
eagerly, very willingly, Cic 

perstudiosus -a -um, very eager, very desir- 
ous, very fond ; litterarum, Cic 

persuadeo -suasi-suasum, 2. I. toconvincc; 
with or without dat. of pers., with aecus. and 
infin., or rel. sent., or with de and the abb, 
velim tibi ita persuadcas me tuis consiliis nullc 
loco defuturum, Cic ; imprimis hoc volunt 
persuadere, non interire aniinas, Caes. ; pass, 
impers., hoc ipsis Siculis ita persuasum est, Cic 
II. to persuade, prevail upon a person to adopt any 
course of action; with or without dat. of pers. 
and with ut and the subj., or the subj. alone, 
or with rel. sent., 01 with the infin., liuic per- 
suadet uti ad hosteS transeat, Caes. ; with aceus. 
of tiling, niioruin si utrumvis (Pompcio) per- 
s'lasissem, Cic. ; pass, impers., quibus persuasum 
est hostem persequi, Cic 

persuaplo -onis, f, (persuadeo), 1, a am. 



per 



411 



per 



vineing, persuasion, Cic. ; 2, a conviction, belief, 
opinion y superstitionum persuasione, Tac 

persuasus -ft, m. (persuadeo), persuasion ; 
hums persuasu, Cic. 

persubtilis -e, 1, very fine,- very subtle, 
Lucr. ; 2, very subtle, very refined; oratio, Cic. 

persulto, 1. (salto). I. Intransit, to leap, 
skip about a place; inagro, Liv. II. Transit, to 
range through; captain Italiam, Tac. 

pertaedet -taesum est, 2. impers. to be 
weary of, disgusted with anything; pertaesum 
est levitatis, Cic. ; vos injuriae pertaesum est, 
Sail. . 

pertendo -tend! -tensum and -tentum, 3. I. 
to continue, carry through; aliquid, Ter. II. to 
direct one's steps anywhere, to go; pars maxima 
Romam pertenderunt, Liv. 

pertento, 1. I. to prove, test, try. A. Lit., 
pugionem utrumque, Tac. B. Transf., a, to 
put to the test; adolescentium animos, Liv. ; b, 
to consider, to examine ; perspice rem et pertenta, 
Cic. II. to seize, lay hold of, affect ; tremor per- 
tentat corpora, Verg. 



pertenuis -e, 1, very fine, very small, Plin. ; 
2, very small, very slight ; spes salutis, Cic. ; 
suspicio, Cic. 

perterebrOj 1. to bore through ; columnain, 
Cic. 

pertergeo -tersi -tersum, 2. to wipe off, wipe 
up. I. Lit, gausape mensam, Hor. II. Transf., 
to touch gently, Lucr. 

perterrefacio (-feci) -factum, 3. (perterreo 
and facio), to frighten, terrify exceedingly, Ter. 

perterreo -tcrriii -turn turn, 2. to frighten, 
terrify exceedingly; maleficii conseientia perter- 
ritus, Cic. 

perterncrepus -a -ran, sounding, rattling 
terribly, Lucr. ..." 

■ pertexo -texfii -textum, 3. to weave entirely ; 
transf., to complete, accomplish; pertexe modo 
quod exorsus es, Cic. 

pertica -ae, f. a long pole or rod, Ov. 

pertimefactus -a -urn (pertimeo and facio), 
frightened exceedingly, ap. Cic. 

pertimesco -timfii, 3. (pertimeo), to fear 
exceedingly, be very much afraid of; nullius pot; 
cntiain, Cic. ; de suis periculis,' Cic. 

pertinacia -ae, f. (pertinax), firmness, ob- 
stinacy, pertinacity; hominum nimia pertinacia 
et arrogantia, Caes. ; in pertinacia perstare, Liv. ; 
frangere pertinaciam, Liv. 

pertlnaciter, adv. (pertinax), firmly, ob- 
stinately, pertinaciously ; fusos insequi, Liv. 

pertinax -aeis (per and tenax). I. having 
a firm hold, tenacious; digito male pertinaci, 
Hor. II. firm, persistent, persevering, pertina- 
cious, obstinate ; virtus, Liv. ; concertatio, Cic. ; 
pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam, Liv. 

pertineo -tiniii, 2. (per and teneo), to reach to, 
extend to. I. Lit, venae in omnes partes cor- 
poris pertinentes, Cic. ; Belgae pertinent ad in- 
I feriorem partem fluminis Itheni, Caes. II. 
Transf., 1, to reach, extend, spread; eadembon- 
itas ad multitudinem pertmet, Cic. ; 2, to tend 
towards, to have as an object or result ; ea- quae 
ad elfominandos animos pertinent, Caes. ; quors- 
um pertinot? of what service is it t of what good is 
it? Hor. ; 3, to relate, pertain, belong to; a, ilia 
res ad oiticium ineunt pertinet, Cic. ; iuterpret- 
ando, quorsum quidque pertineat, Cie. ; b, to at- 
tach to, to fall upon ; ad qucm suspicio maleficii 
pertineat, Cic. ; 4, to have an influence upon, 
affect; si quid hoc ad rem pertinet, Cic. ; 5, to 
relate to; quod or quantum pertinet ad, with 



ace, in relation to;. quod ad populum pertinet, 
Cic. . . 

pertlngo, 3. (per and tango), to stretch out, 
extend to; collis in inimensuin pertingens, Sail. 

pertolcro, 1. to endure to the end, bear com- 
pletely, Lucr. 

pertorqueo, 2. to twist,' distort, Lucr. 

pertractatio -onis, f. (pertracto), an occupy- 

ing or busying onesclfviith, application to anything; 
rerum publicarum, Cic. 

pertracto (pertrecto), 1. l. r Jo touch with 
the hands, lay hold of, handle, feel ; barbatulos 
mulloa exceptare de piscina et pertracrare, Cic. 
II. Transf., a, to busy oneself with, treat, study ; 
philosophiam, Cic; b, to influence, work upon; 
sensus mentesque hominum, Cic. 

pertraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to drag to a 
place; a, to forcibly conduct; aliqnem in castra, 
Liv. ; b, to entice or allure to a place; hostem 
ad insidiarum locum, Liv. 

pertrecto = pertracto (q. v.), . ' . ■ 

pertristis -e, 1, very sorrowful, . ap. Cic. ; 
2, very austere ; quidam patruus, Cic. 

pertumultuose, adv. in an agitated or tu- 
multuous manner; nuntiare, Cic. 

pertundo -tiidi -tusum (-tussum) and -tun- 
sum, 3. to bore through, thrust through, • push 
through, Cat. 

perturbate, adv. (perturbatus), confusedly, 
in a disorderly manner ; dicere, Cic. 

perturbatlo -onis, f. (perturbo), confusion, 
disorder, disquiet. I. Lit., caeli, stormy weatlier, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. confusion, disorder ; ratforifa 
atque ordinis, Cic. ; auimoriini, Cic. ; vitac, Cic. 
B. 1, political disorder, disquiet, disturbance; 
magna rerum perturbatione impendent*:, Cic. ; 
2, passion, emotion ; perturbationes sunt genere 
quatuor, aegritudo, fonnido, libido, laetitia, Cic. 

perturbatrix -Icis, f. (perturbo), she that 
disturbs, Cic. 

perturbatus -a -um, p. adj. (from perturbo), 
confused, disquieted, disturbed £ nnmquam Vidi 
hominem perturbatiorem metu,' Cic. 

perturbo, 1. .to disturb, greatly, 'bring into 
complete confusion.' I. Lit, £eieni,.Sall. ; ordjnes, 
Caes. II. Transf., A. to disturb", confuse ■; cah- 
ditiones faetionesque bellieas perjurlo, to break, 
Cic' B. 1, to disturb 'politically ; provinciain, 
Cic. ; 2, to disturb the feelings,' to disquiet, alarm ; 
de reipublicae salute perturbari, Cic. ; periurbari 
animo, Caes. " -'-.-.. .'• '■' 

perturpis -e, very base, very diegracefid, Cic. 

pertusus -a -mi), p". adj. (from perturido), 
bored through, perforated; dglium a fundo per- 
tusum, Liv; ■" '-"'"," ■ "'' " 

perungo -uiixi -unctum, 3. to anoint Oiorougli- 
ly, besmear ; corpora oleo, Cic. 

pci urbanus -a -um, 1, very polite, refined, 
witty, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, over-polite, Cic. 

perurgeo -ursi, 2. to urge greatly, earnestly 
press upon, Suet. . '..-' 

peruro -ussi -ustuni, 3. I. to burn tho- 
roughly, to burn up ; agrum, Liv. II. A. to 
inflame (with love, etc.) ; perurimur oestu, Ov. ; 
perustus inani gloriS, Cic. B. 1, to gall, cltafe, 
inflame; subducant oneri colla pcrusta boves, 
Ov. ; 2, to pinch, nip with cokl; terra perusta 
gelu, Ov. 

Periisia -ae, f. one of the twelve allied Etrus- 
can towns, now Perugia. Hence, Perusinus 
-a -um, belonging to Perusia. 

perutills -e, very useful, Cic. 

pervado -vasi -vilsum, 3. I. to go through, 
come through, puss thrannh, A. Lit., incendium 



per 



412 



per 



j»er agros pervasit, Cic. ; per aequa et iniqua loca, 
I.iv. B. Transf., %>ervade ; opinio quae per 
animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. 
II. to attain, to reach to, to arrive at. A. Lit, 
in Italiam, Cic; ad castas, Liv. B. Transf., 
to reach to; locus nullus est quo non hominum 
libido pervaserit, Cic. 

pervagatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from pervagor). 
I. spread abrocul, well known ; sermo, Cic. ; 
pervagatissimus versus, Cic; neut. plur. subst, 
ista uoinumuia et pervagata, those well-known 
rules, Cic. II. common, general; pars est per- 
vagatior, Cic. 

pervagor -atus sum, 1. I. In transit., to 
wander, to rove about. A. Lit, omnibus inloeis, 
Cacs. B. Transf., to be widely spread ; a,= to 
became known everywhere ; quod in cxteris nati- 
onibus usque ad ultimas terras pervagatum est, 
Cic. ; b, to become common ; ne is honos nimiuni 
pcrvagetur, Cic. II. Transit., to wander through. 
A. Lit., bello prope orbem terrarum, Liv. B. 
Transf., cupiditatcs, timores omnium nientes 
pervagantur, Cic 

pervagUS -a -urn, wandering everywhere; 
puer, Ov. 

pervaleo -ui, 2. to be very strong, Lucr. 

pervarie, adv. very variously, Cic. 

pervasto, 1. to devastate, lay wuste com- 
pletely ; omnia ferro flaiumaque, Liv. 

perv&ho -vexi -vectutn, 3. I. to carry 
through, conduct through ; eommeatus, Liv. ; 
pass., pervebi, as middle, to travel, sail, pass 
through, Tac II. to carry, lead, conduct, bring 
to a place; virgines Caere, Liv. ; pass., pervelii, 
as middle = to travel to; Chalcidem, Liv.; in 
portuin (tig.), Cic. 

pervello -vclli, 3. to pluck, pull, twitcli 
violently. I. Lit., aureni, Pliaedr.; stoiuachuin, 
to excite, Hor. II. Fig., to pinch, hurt, pain; 
si te forte dolor aliquis pervellerit, Cic ; hence, 
to disparage, revile ; jus civile, Cic 

pervenlo -veni -ventum, 4. to arrive at, 
come to, reach. L. Lit., Gemiani in fines Ebur- 
onum pervenerunt, Caes. ; ad portaiu, Cic. II. 
Transf., a, of persons, to attain to, to arrive at, 
reach ;, in maximam invidiam, Cic; in senatnin, 
to become a senator, Cic. ; in scripta alicnius, to 
be mentioned by an author, Cic ; ad SUUIU, to 
obtain one's own, Cic; ad primos comoedos, to 
attain to the rank of, Cic ; b, of tilings, to come 
to ; pecunia ad Verrem pervenit, Cic. 

perverse, adv. (perversus), wrongly, per- 
versely ; interpretari, Cic; uti deorum benelicio, 
Cic 

perversltas -atis. f. (perversus), perversity; 
liomiuum, Cic. ; opinionum, Cic. 

perversus -a -um, p. adj. (from perverto), 
crooked, awry, askew. I. Lit., perversissimi 
oculi, squinting dreadfully, Cic. II. perverse, 
froward, wrong; sapicntia Tuberonis, Cic. 

perverto (pervorto)- vert i (-vortl)-versuin 
(•vorsuin), 3. to turn upside down, overturn, 
nvrrthrtno. I. Lit., tecta, Cic. II. Transf., A 
to invert, pervert; perverso more, against tradi- 
tion, custom, etc., Cic; perverso nomine, against 
thexoillofthegods, Verg. B. Meton., to overthrow, 
destroy, pervert; amicitiam ant justitiam, Cic; 
omnia jura divina atque liumana, Cic C. to 
trip up, put down ; numquam (ille me) ullo 
artificio pervertet Cic 

pervesporl, adv. very lute in the evening, 
Cic. 

pervostlgatio -Oiiis, f. (pervestigo), a track- 
ing tut, investigation, Cic. 

pervoatjgo, i. to track out, j. Lit,, of 



bunting dogs, Cic II. Fig., to inrestigai$, 
search into ; pervestigare et cognoscerc, Cic. 

pervetus -eris, very old; rex, Cic; ainicitia, 
Cic. 

pervetustus -a -um, very old ; verba, Cic. 

pervicacia -ac, f. (pervieax), persistency; 
usually in a bad sense, obstinacy, stubbornness; 
mulierositas, pervicacia, ligurritio, Cic ; pervi- 
cacia tuaet superbia, Liv.; pervicacia in hostoni, 
firmness, Tac. 

pervicaclter, adv. (pervieax), firmly, ob- 
stinately, stubbornly ; compar., pervieacius, Liv. 

pervieax -aeis (* pervieo for pervinco), firm, 
unyielding; in a bad sense, stubborn, obstinate; 
virtus, Liv.; with genit., pervieax irae, Tac; 
with adversus, adversus peiitos pervieax, Tac 

pervideo -vidi -visum, '->. I. to overlook, 
look at, regard, behold ; 1, lit., sol qui pervidet 
omnia, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, cunctaquo mens 
oculis pervidet usa suis, Ov. ; b, to look over — 
to review; quum tua pervideas oculis mala 
lippus inunctis, Hor. II. to look through and 
through; 1, lit., to distinguish; tit licque . . . 
quue cuiusque stipitispalmasitpervideri possit, 
Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to examine ; quid ca postulet 
pervidendum, Cic ; b, to look at, perceive, dis- 
cern ; auimi mei Unnitateui, Cic; meton., to 
consider, examine; videbo te et pervidebo, Cic. 

pervlgeo -gui, 2. to flourish, bloom, con- 
tinually; opibus atque honoribtts pcrviguere, 
remained long in possession of, Tac. 

pervigil -ilis, very watchful, always watch- 
ing, Ov. 

pervlgllatio -onis, f. (pervigilo), a vigil, a 
religious watching, Cic. 

pervigilium -ii, n. l,a watching throughout 
the night, Plin. ; 2, a religions watching, vigil; 
castra pervigilio neglects, Liv.; pervigilium 
celcbrarc, Tac 

pervigilo, 1. to watch, remain awake through- 
out the night ; uoctem, Cic. 

pervilis -e, very cheap; annonn, Liv. 

pervinco -vici -victuin, 3. I. [ntransit, to 
gain a complete victory. A. Lit., pervicit Var- 
uanes, Tac B. Transf., to carry one's point; 
pervicit Cato, Cic II. Transit., to conquer com- 
pletely, subdue utterly. A. Lit., Plant, B. 
Transf., 1, to surpass, outdo; voces pervincunt 
sonum, Hor. ; 2, to indlUX, prevail upon, suc- 
ceed in, prevailing; with ut and the sub]., multis 
rationibus pervicerat Rhodios ut Roinauain 
societatem rctinerent, Liv. ; Co bring about with 
difficulty; pervicerunt remis ut tenerent terram, 
Liv. J 3, to prove, demonstrate; aliqitid dictis, 
Lucr. 

perviUS -a -um (per and via), passable, acces- 
sible, having a road, through, I. Lit., loca 
equo pervia, Ov.; transitioned, Cic. Subst., 
pervlum -li, n. a passage, Tac II. Fig., ac- 
cessible ; nihil ambitioni pervium, Tac 

pervolgo = pervulgo (q.v.). 

pervollto, 1. (intens. of 1. pervolo), to fly 
through or round, to flit about ; omnia late loca, 
Verg. 

1. pervolo, 1. I. to fly through, fly round; 
1, lit, aeiles, Verg.; iter aerium, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
of any rapid motion, sex milia p'.ssunm cisiis, 
Cic. II. to fly to a place; in banc sedem, Cic 

2. pervolo -volui -vellc, to wish greatly, to 
be very desirous; pervelini scire, Cic. 

pervoluto, 1. (Intens. of pervolvo), to roll 
round ; esp., to unroll, read a book; libros, Cic. 

pervolvo -volvi -volfittim, 3. to roll about. 
I. Cen., 1, lit., aliqnein in Into, Ter. ; 2, fig., 
nt in its Inns jwyvnlvattir animus, may >>c r,i. 



per 



413 



gaped in, C'ic, II. to turn over a book, to read, 

Celt. 

pervorse, perrorsio, pervorto, etc. = per- 
verse, perversio, pcrrcrto, etc. (q.v.). 
pervulgatus -;i -mil, p. adj. (fi-oui per- 

vulgo), 1, rcry usual, very common; consolatio, 
Cic. ; 2, well known ; ista malcdieta pervulgata 
in omne.s, Cic. 

pervulgo (pervolgo), 1. L to jviillish, 
make publicly known ; 1, res in vulgus pervul- 
gata, Cic. ; illus tabulaspervulgaiiatqueedi P. R. 

imperavi, Cic. ; 2, of a woman, se, to prostitute 
herself, Cic. II. to visit or sojourn often in a 
place, Lncr. 

pes, pgdis, in. (nWs), the foot (used both of 
men and animals). I. Lit., 1, calcei apti ad 
pedem, Cic. ; pedem ferre, to go, Verg. ; pedem 
porta non eft'ene, Cic; pedem referrc, Cic, 
Tevocare, to go liacK; return, Verg. ; pedibns, on 
foot, also by land, Cic; servus a pedibus, an 
attendant, lackey, Cic; accldere ad pedes ali- 
cnius, Cic. ; prohibiti estis in provineia vestra 
pedem ponere, Cic. ; pedc. pnlsare terrain, to 
dance, Hor. ; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t,, pedibus 
inerere, to serve in the infantry, Liv.; descendere 
ad pedes (of cavalry), to dismount, Liv. ; pedem 
conferre, to fight hand to hand, Liv.; b, as polit. 
t t. (of senators), pedibus ire in sententiam 
aliening, to agree with, support some one's proposal, 
Liv.; ne (quis) pedibus iret, should vote, Cic; 
3, fig., sub pedibus, wider the power of, Liv.; 
.sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be thought little of, 
Ov. ; so sub pede ponere, Hor. ; pedem op- 
ponere, to withstand, Ov.; pedem trahere, to 
Imp (of iambic verse), Ov. ; per me ista trali- 
antur pedibus, may as far as I am concerned be 
turned topsy-turvy, may go to the doqs, Cic. ; ante 
pedes positum esse, to be before one's feet or eye* 
Cic; circum pedes = circum se, Cic; ante 
pedes Manilii, before Manilins, Cic; pes sec- 
undus, felix, dexter, happy or fortunate arrival, 
Verg., Ov. II. A. Transf., 1, poet,, of water 
crepante lympha desilit pede, Hor.; of time 
taeito pede input vetustas, Ov. ; 2, a, the foot 
of a chair, table, or other article of furniture, 
Tac. ; b, pes veli, the rope or sheet attached to 
the lower edge of a sail, by which it was tightened 
or relaxed; hence, pede aequo, with fair wind, 
Ov. ; facere pedem, to veer out the sheet to catch 
a side wind, Verg. ; c, the pole on which a litter 
is carried, Cat. B. Meton., 1, pedibus vincere, 
m a foot-race, Ov. ; 2, esp., a, t. t. of poetry, a 
•metrical foot, Cic; b, a metre, species of verse; 
Lesbius, Hor. ; c, a foot, as a measure of length : 
pedem non egressi sum us, Cic 

pessimus, pessime, v. malus. 

Pesslnus (Pesmus) -untis, f. (neo-<nroC?, 
Ueaxvinn -oi.i/tos), one of the most celebrated towns 
of Galutia, near Mount Dindynms, chief seat of 
the worship of Cybele, now Ikdahazar or Bala- 
hissar. Adj., Pessinuntlus -a -urn, relating 
to Pessmus. 

peasulus -i, m. (TrdoroAo?), a bolt; pes- 
sulum ostio obdere, Ter. 

pessum. adv. (for pedis versum), to the 
ground, to the bottom, downwards; pessum ire, 
to sink to the ground, Cic; to be ruined, to 
perish, Tac Esp., pessum do (orpessumdo 
or pessnndo) d£di, datum, dare, to let fall to the 
ground, to destroy, ruin, put an end to, Sail. ; 
ad inertiain pessum datus est, sunk into, Sail. 

pestlfer -Era -ferum and pestiferus -a 
•mil (pestis and fero), 1, pestiferous, pestilential ■ 
odor corporum, Liv. ; 2, transf., deadly, fatal, 
destructive, injurious; vipera, Cic'; civis, Cic. 

. Pestlfgre, adv. (pestifer), balefully, injur- 
iously, Cic. J 



pet 



pestilens -cut is (pestis). I, pestilential, un- 
healthy; aedes, Cic; annus pestilcntissimus, 
Cic II. Transf., deadly, fatal, noxious; homo 
pcstilcntior, Cic. 

pestilentia -ae, f. (pestilens), pestilence, 
plague, infectious disease. L Lit., and meton., 
1, lit, causa pestilentiae, Cic; pestilentia 
laborare, Liv. ; 2, meton., unhealthy air, weathei , 
place; pestilentiae possessors (of unhealthy 
places), Cic. ; autumni, Caes. II. Transf. 
(moral), plague, pest, Cat. 

pestilltas -atis, f. = pestilentia (q.v.). 

pestis -is, f. I, o pest, pestilence, plague, 
infectious disease, mcUaria; pestem ab Aegypto 
avertere, Cic. II. Transf., A. destruction, ruin, 
death; pestem in aliquem machinari, Cic. ; illain 
a republics pestem depellere, Cic. B. Meton., 
an injurious thing or person, a pest, curse, bane; 
illae inclusae in republica pestes, Cic 

petasatus -a -um (petasus), wearing the 
petasits (q.v.) = equipped for a journey, Cic 

petaslo (petaso) -onis, m. (jreracrwV), a 

fare-quarter of pork, Varr. 

petasunciilus -i, m. (dim. of petaso), a 
little fore-quarter of pork, Juv. 

Petasus -i, m. (niTacrof), a broad-brimmed 
felt hat, used by travellers, Plaut.j 

petaurum -i, n. (TtiTavpov), a spring-board 
used by tumblers and rope-dancers, Juv. 

Petelia (Petilia) -ae, f. a town in the 
Bruttian territory colonised by the Lncanians, 
now Strongoli. Hence, adj., Petelinus -a -urn, 
Petelian. 

petesso (petisso), 3. (peto), to desire, long 
for, strive after eagerly ; aliquid, Cic 

petitio -finis, f. (peto). I. an attack, thrust, 
blow; tuas pctitiones efl'ugi, Cic; an attack in 
words; novi omnes hominis petitiones rationesque 
dicendi, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a requesting; a, 
petitio indutiarum, Liv. ; b, an application for 
office, candidature; consulates, Caes.; dare se 
petitioui, Cic. ; 2, a, a suit, legal claim, Cic. ; 
b, a i-ight of claim, a right to bring an action ; 
cuius sit petitio, Cic. 

petitor -5ris, m. (peto), one who strives after 
anything. I. a candidate, Hor. II. the plaintiff 
in a civil or private suit, Cic 

petiturio, 4. (deaider. of peto), to desire to 
become a candidate; video hominem valde peti- 
turire, Cic. 

petitus -fis, m. (peto), an inclining towards, 
Lucr. 

peto -ivi and -li -itum, 3. (root PET, whence 
impet-o, impes, impetus, Gk. IIET, whence 
nero-Moi, nimu), to reach towards. I. Gen., A. 
Lit., a, with the hand, to grasp; Ilionca petit 
dcxtra, Verg. ; b, with a weapon, to fall upon, 
attack,, assail, aim at, thrust at ; caput et collum, 
Cic ; aliquem telis, Liv. ; c, with the feet or 
with other kinds of motion, (a) to make for, 
go to, hasten to; Dyrrhachium, Cic; loca cali- 
diora, Cic; caelum pennis, to fly to, Ov. ; 
transf.; of inanimate objects, mons petit astra, 
rears its head towards, Ov. ; (/3) to go to a 
person, to approach; ut te supplex peterem, 
Verg. ; (y) to take a certain direction, to take a 
road ; ahum cursum petere, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
to attack, assail : qui me epistola petivit, Cic ; 
aliquem fiaude, Liv. ; 2, to ask, require, claim, 
beg, beseech, request, entreat; a, alicuins vitam, 
Cic. ; pacem a Komanis, Caes. ; with ut and the 
snbj., peto a te ut, etc., Cic. ; with subj. alone, 
abs te peto, efflcias ut, etc., Cic ; with ne and 
the subj., peto a te ne me putes, etc., Cic'.; 
transf., of inanimate objects, quantum res petit, 
needs or demands, Cic. ; b, to make a claim at 



pet 



414 



PL a 



taw, to bring an action, to sue for: hereditatis 
possessionem, Cic. ; o, to sue for, to solicit; (a) 
lobecmne a candidate for public office i consulatuin, 
Cic; (fi) to woo a maiden; virginern petiere 
juvenes, Liv, ; 3, to seek for; a, sedes apibus 
HtAttoqae petenda, Verg. ; b, to serf:, strive after, 
rndeavottr to obtain; pracdnm pedibus, Ov. ; 
sapientiam, Cic; mortem; Cic; with infin., 
Yeig. H. tofetcfc derive} 1, lit., a, to fitch; 
i-ibnm e flamma, Ter. ;-b, to fetch, to bring 
forth ; gemitus alte de eorde, Ov. ; 2, transf., a 
litteris oblivionem, Cic (petit = petiit, Verg.). 

petorrltum (petoritum) -i, n. an. open, 
four-wheeled (hillic carriage, 

1. petra -ae, f. (Tre'rpa), a stone, rock, Plin. 

2. Petra -ae, f. (ric'Tpa). I. a town in Arabia 
Pttraca, now ruins of Wady Musa. II. a town 

•in Sicily. Hence, Petrini -Crum, m. the in- 
habitants of Petra. 

Petrejus -li, m., M., a Roman general, leg- 
ate ofPompey in the Civil War. 

Petrlnum -i, n. an estate near Sinucssa in 
Campania. 

Petrocorli -orum, in. a Gallic tribe in 
Aquitania, in modern I'erigord. 

Petronlus -li, m., T. (or C.) Arbiter, a 
Roman satirist under Nero. 

petulans -antis (*petulo, from peto), freak- 
ish, capricious, pert, wanton, froward, petulant; 
and esp., -wanton, .lustful; liomo, Cic; genus 
dicendi, Cic. 

petulantcr, adv. (petulans), freakishly, 
capriciously, petulantly, frowardly, wantonly; 
petulanter viveie, Cic. ; petulantius jactari, 
Cic. ; petulantissinie fieivCic. 

petulantia -ae, f. (petulans), capriciousness, 
fredkishness, wantonness, petulance (opp. pudor, 
modest ia), Cic 

petulcus -a -rim (peto), butting with the 
head ; agni, Lucr. ; haedi, Verg. 

PeucStia -ae, f. a dktrict of Apv.lia. Adj., 
PeucetiUS -n -um, Pcucetian. 

pexns -a -um(partic of pecto), hairy, fjootty, 
having a nap; and hence (of a garment), new, 
Hot. 

PhaotlS -i, m. (*dicos), 'stronghold of Vic 
Macedonian kings, near Pella. 

Phaeaces -Scum, m. (fbaiaxes), the Phaea- 
rians, mythical inhabitant* of the island afSchcria 
(identified with Corcyrn), famed for tlieir pros- 
perity.. Sing., Phaeax -acis, m. a Phaeadan ; 
pinguis Phaeaxquc, n comfortable, luxurious 
person, Hor. Hence, A. Phaeaclus -a -um, 
Phaeacian. B. Phaeacis -Idis, f. a poem on 
the stay of Ulysses among the Phaeacians. 

Phaedon -Onis, m. (QaCSuiv), disciple of 
Socrates and friend of Plato, who gave his name 
to a dialogue on the immortality of the soul.' 

Phaedra -ae, f. (t>aiSpa), daughter of Minos, 
lister of Ariadne and wife of Theseus ; site fell in 
love with, and was (by a false accusation) the 
cause of the death of, her step-son Hippolytns. 

Phaedrus -i, in. (^atSpo?). I. an "Epicurean 
philosopher at Athens, teacher of Cioero. II. a 
disciple of Socrates. III. afreedman of Augustus, 
Thracian by birth, author of Latin fables. 

Phaostum -i, n. (<J>ou<7rd<;). I. a town on the 
south coast of Crete. Hence, PhaestI3.8 -iidis, 
f. a dweller in Phaestum. II. a town in Thessaly. 

Phaethon -ontis, m. (t>ai0u)i), the sinning 
one. L Epithet of Helios, the sun. II. the son 
of Helios and Clymene, who, attempting to drive 
the chariot of his father, set the world on fire, and 



wits tilled by ft thunderbolt of Jupiter. HeuCP, 

A. \dj., Phaethonteus -a -um, relating to 
Phaethon. B. Subst., Phaethontias -Mis, 
f.; plur., Phaethontiades -um, f. the sisters 
of Phaethon, who were t timed Into poplars. 

Phaethusa -ae, f. (•I'cu'flot/o-a), a sister of 
I'haetlom. 

phager -gri, in. (cpd-ypos), a fish, Ov. 

PbalaeCUS -i, m. (tdAa^os), a tyrant of the 
Phocaeans. Hence, adj.,Phalaeceus -a -um, 
of Phalaecus. 

phalangae (palangae) -arum, f. (<p<;x- 
o-yya), rollers on which heavy bodies were moved, 
Caes. 

phalangitae-anun, m. (ipaXayytrai.), soldiers 
belonging to a phalanx, Liv. 

Pbalantus -i, m. ('l'dAon-os), a Spartan 
who emigrated to Italy and founded Tarentum; 
regnata Laconj mra Phalanto, the Tarentine 

territory, Hor. 

phalanx -angis, L. (4>dAay£). I. Gen., a 
closely-serried array of soldiers, Verg. II. Esp., 
a, a division of the Athenian and Spartan army 
drawn up in battle array, a phalanx, Nep. ; b, 
the Macedonian phalanx, a body of men (from 
eight to sixteen thousand strong) drawn up in 
a close parallelogram, fifty men abreast and six- 
teen, deep; c, transf., the order of battle array 
among the Gauls and Germans drawn up in a 
parallelogram; phalange facta, in close forma- 
tion, Cic. 

Phalara -orum, n. (•i>d\apa), a port in Thes- 
saly on the Sinus Maliacus, now Stylidha. 

Phal&rls -Idis, in. (*I'aAapi's), a tyrant of 
Aarigenlum, notorious for his cruelty (v. Peril- 
Jus), 

Phalasarna -ae, f. GiaXavapra), a town 
in Crete. Adj., Fhalasarnous -a -um, of 
Phalasarna. 

phalerae (falerae) -arum, f. (<f>dAapa). I. 
a metal ornament worn on the breast as a mili- 
tary decoration, Cic II. a trapping on a horse's 
head mid breast, Liv., Verg. 

phaleratus -a -urn (phalerae), adorned with 
the phalerae ; cqui, Liv. 

Phalerum -i, n. (^aA^pdi'), the obhsi port 
of Athens, connected with the city by a long wall. 

Hence, A. Phalereus -fi and -gos, m. belong- 
ing to Phalerum; Demetrius Phalereus, or simply 
Phalereus, regent of Athens (about 800 B.C.). 

B. PhaleriCUS -a-Um, belonging to Phalerum ; 
subst., Phalericus -i, m. (sc. portus), the har- 
bour of Phalerum. 

Fhanae -Sruin, f. (*ai><u), harbour and pro- 
montory in the south of Chios, now Cap Mastico, 
the country near which was famous for its wine; 
adj., Phanaeus -a -um, Phanean; rex Pha- 
naeus, poet, for Phanaean wine (as the king 
among wines), Verg. 

Phantasos -i, m. (•tovTao-o?' 1 , a son of 

Somnus. 

Phaon -onis, m. («l>owr), a youth of Lesbos, 
beloved by Sappho. 

pharetra -ae, f. (^opeVpa), a quiver, Verg. 

pharetratus -a -um (phaetra), furnished 
With a. quiver, wearing a quiver; Virgo, Diana, 
Ov. ; puer, Cupid, Ov. 

pharmaceutrla -ae, f. (ifinpnaKevrpia), th* 
sorceress (title of Vergil's Eighth Eclogue). 

pharmacopola (-es) -ne, m. {i>apy.o.na* 
TToiSni), a seller of drugs, a quack, Cic. 

Pharaaces -is, m. (^apvaicqi;), king iy\, 
Pontus, son of Mithridates, conquered by Caesar, 



Pha 



41S 



phi 



S?harsalus (-6s) -i, f. (+apo-aAo?), a town 
in Thessaly, near which Pompeius v;us defeated 
by Caesar, 4S B.C., now Phatsa. Hence, adj., 
Pharsallcus -a -um and Pharsalius -a 
•um, Pliarsalian. 

Pharus (-6s) -i, f. (*opos), "n<i isltind off 

Alexandria, where. Ptolemy Philadelphia built a 
light-house ; adj., Pharius -a -inn, a, relating 
to Pharus ; b, Egyptian ; juvenca, Io, Ov. ; turba, 
the priests of Isis, Tib. ; conjnx, Cleopatra, 
Mart 

Phaselis -Mia, f. (<l'a<r>jAts), a town in Lycia, 
on the border ofPamphylia. Hence, Pliaselitao 
'arum, m. the inhabitants of Phaselis. 

phaselus (-03) -i, m. and f. (<f>ao^\oq), 1, cm 
edible bean, the kidney-bean, Verg. ; 2, a kind of 
light skiff formed of osiers or papyrus, or burnt 
and painted clay, Cic. 

Phasis -Mia and -Idoa, rn. (1>a<ns), a river in 
Colchis, falling into the Black Sea, now Rion or 
Rioni. Hence, A. Phasis -Wis, f. adj. Phas- 
ian, poet. = Cokhian ; volucres, 'pheasants, 
Mart ; subst., Phasis (sc. femina), the Cokhian 
woman = Medea, Ov. B. Phasiacus -a -inn 
(♦acnaxds), Plwsian, poet. = Cokhian. C. 
Phasianus (Fasianus) -a -urn, avis, and 
simply Pluisiana, PJin., or Phasianus, Suet., « 
pheasant. D. Phasias -adis, f. (*a<nds), 
Phusian, poet. = Cokhutn ; puelki, and simply 
Phasias, = Medea, Ov. . 

phasma -atis, n. (<pa<rnia), a ghost, spectre 
(title of a comedy of Meander, and of a poem by 
Catullus), Ter.,.Juv. . 

phatne -es, f. (ipirKzi), the Crib, a space be- 
tween, two stars oftlie constellation CauaCj Cic. 

Phegeus -5i and -60s, m. (tfijyeu's), Icing of 
Psophis. Hence, A. Adj., Phegeius -a -nni, 
belonging to Phegeus. B. Subst.,' PhegJs'-idis, 
f. the daughter of Phegeus. 

Phemius -ii, m, ($ijfuo«),-ti. celebrated harp- 
player in Ithaca; hence, appell.. a good harp- 
player, Ov. 

Pheneus (-OS) -j, £ (<J>eVeos), a town in Ar- 
cadia. Hence, Pheneatae -Srum, m. the. in- 
habitants of Pheneos. 

phengitcs -ae, m. (fcyylrris), . selenite or 
crystallised gypsum (used for window panes), 
Suet, 

Pherae -arum, f. (*e'poi). I. a town in Mes- 
senia, near modern Kalamata. II. a city in 
Thessaly, tlie residence of Admetus and of the 
tyrant Alexander, now Vulestino ; hence, adj., 
Pheraeus -a -um, Pherean, or Thessalian; 
vaccae, of Admetus, Ov. ; gens, a cruel race, like 
that of the tyrant Alexander of Pherae, Ov. 

Phcreclus -i, m. (tfepeKAoj), a ship-builder 
who built the ship in which Paris carried off 

Helen. Hence, adj., Pherccleus -a -um, of 

Pherechis. 

Phereoydes -is, m. (*tptKwS>is). I. « 
philosopher of Scyros, teacher of Pythagoras. 
Hence, adj., Phereoydeus -a rum, ofPherc- 
cydes. II. an Athenian chronicler, flor. 480 B.C. 

Pheres -ctis, in. (<j>e'pi]s), prince in Thessaly, 
father of Admetus. Hence, Pherotiades -ae, 
m. son of Plu res = Admetus. 

phiala -ae, f. (cfuaAr)), a drinking-vcssel, 
broad at the bottom, boul, saucer, Juv. 

Phidias -ae, m. (VuSlas), a celebrated sculp- 
tor of Athens, contemporary of Pericles. Hence, 
Phidiacus -a -um, of Phidias. 

Philadelpheni (Phlladelphlni) -orum, 
in. the inhabitants of Philadelphia in A>ia Minor. 



Philaeni -Drum, and Or. -on, in. (<i>(kaiuui), 
two Carthaginian brothers who submitted to be 
buried, alice for the sal*e of their country ; arae 
Philaenorum and Philaenon, a port on the bor- 
ders of Cy re ne. . . ' 

Philammon -finis, m. (<i>iAap.fi<<ji'), son of 
Apollo and Chioue, a celebrated singer. 

Philippl -orum, 111. (4>iAiinroi), a city in Ma- 
cedonia, where Octacianus and Antony defeated 
brtttus and Cassius, now Filibah or Filibejik ; 
hence, adj., A. Philippensis -e. B.Philip- 
pious -a -um, relating to Pkilippi. ... ■ 

PhilippopoliS -«OV f - (*iAunrdjroA4s), a 
town in Thrace on the right bank of the Hebrus K 
now Philippopoli. 

Philippus -i, m. (*t'Aimros). I. the names 
of several kings of Macedon, the most celebrated of 
whom was the father of Alexander the Great ; 
meton., a gold coin coined by Philip, Hor. ; 
hence, adj.," A. PhilippeUS -a -um, belong- 
ing to Philip; minimus, a gold coin of King 
Philip, worth twenty drachmae. B. Philip- 
picus -a -um, relating to Philip; orationes, 
the speeches of Demosthenes against Philip ; subst., 
Philippioae -arum, f. the speeches of Demo- 
sthenes against Philip, and of Cicero against An- 
tonius. II. a Roman name, cognomen of the 
gens Marcia. 

Philistus -i, 111. (♦t'Aiorrbs), a Greek historian, 
of Syracuse, imitator of Thucydides. 

philitia -orum, ii. (<£iAiTia), the public meals 
of the Lacedaemonians, Cic. 

Philo -onis, m. (<Pi\u>v). ' I. an academic 
philosopher, flourishing at Athens, 91 B.C. II. 

a celebrated Athenian architect. '- ' 

Philocteta (-es) -ae, in. (*l\oktt}T7]s), son 

of Poeas, the companion of Hercules, whose boui 
and poisoned arrows he received after Hercules' 
death ; joined in the expedition against Troy, 
but was left behind in the island of Lemnos 
wounded by a snake; brought to Troy in the .snth 
year of the war (as Troy could not be taken 
without his arrows) ; healed by Machaon ; slew 
Paris. Adj., Philoctetaeus -a -um, belonging 
lo Philocktes. . .1 - 

phildlogia -ae, f. (.piAoAoyia), love of learn- 
ing, study of letters, Cic. 

philologus -i, m. (<piAdAoyos), a learned 
man, a student of literature, a scholar, Cic 

Philomela -ae, f. (*iAo/i»jAa). I» the daugltter 
of Paiulion, king of Athens, turned into a nightin- 
gale. II. Meton., a nightingale, Verg. I 

Philomelium -li, n. (*iAop.7JAio»/), a small 
town in the south-east of Phrygia, not far front 
the borders of Lycaonia, now Ak-cher. . . Hence, 
Philomelienses -nun, m. the inhabitants of 
Philomelium. 

Philopoemen ^enis, m. (*ao»roijo)»'), 
general of the Achaean League (born 253 b.g). 

philosophla -ae, f. (AiAoo-o^ia). I. philo- 
sophy, Cic. II. Meton., A. a philosophical sub- 
ject, Nep. B. Plur., philosophiae, philosophical 
sects or systems, Cic. . 

philos6phor, 1. dep. to philosophise, to 
apply oneself to philosophy, Cic. 

philosophus -a -um ((pcAdo-o<pos), philo- 
sophic I. Adj., Cic. II. Subst., A. philo- 
sophus -i, in. a philosopher, Cic. B. phil6- 
sopha -ae, f. a female philosopher, Cic. * 

philtrum -i, n. (ipiArpoi), a' love-potion, 
philtre, Ov. • 

1. philyra -ae, f. (Sikvp*), the inner bark oj 
the linden-tree, of which bands for chxtplets'wert 
made, Hor, 



Phi 



416 



Phy 



-. Philyra-ae, f. (<i>i'Avpa), a nymph, itaught* r 
ofOceanus, and mother of Chiron, changed into a 
linden-tree. Hence, A. Phllyreius -a -um, 
relating toPhilyra; heros, Chiron, Ov. ; teeta, of 
Chiron, Ov. B. Phllyrldeo -ae, in. ton af 
Philyra = Chiron, Ov. 

phlmus -i, m. (<£ip.<>?), a dice-box, llor. 

Phineus -Si and -eos, m. (4>ivevs). I. a Hng 
of Sahnydessns in Thrace, who nws deprived of 
sight and tormented by the Harpies for having put 
his son* to death on a false accusation-. Hence, 
A. Phmelus and Phineus -a -nm, of ov 
relating to Phineus. B. Phmldes -ae, m. a 
■male descendant of Phineus. II. brother of 
Ce'pheus, f:\ight with Perseus about Andromeda. 
. Phlntia -ae, f. a town in Sicily. 

Phiutlas -ae, m. (4>iiTias), a Pythagorean, 
famous for his friendship with Damon. 

Phlegeth5n -ontis, m. (*Afye'0wr, burning), 
a river in the Infernal regions, in which fire 
flowed instead of water: adj., Phlegethontis 
-I'lis, f. of Phlegethon ; lympha, Ov. 

Phlegra -ae, f. (•tAe'ypa — <p\eyvpd, burning), 
a district iii Macedonia, crftencards called Pal- 
lenc, where the gods were said to have killed the. 

giants with lightning. Henee, adj., Phleg- 
raeus -a -um, relating to Phlegm ; campi, Ov. ; 

transf., campus, the field ofPharsalia (because 
of the fierce battle fought there), Prop. 

P v legyas -ae, m. (■VXeyvas). I. king of the 
Lapithae, father of Irion and Coronis. II. Pltiv., 
Phlegyae -arum, ra. a robber tribe in Thes- 
soly. 

PhllUS -unfis, f. (<t>\iovi), a city in. the Pelo- 
ponnese between Sicyon and Argos. Hence, adj., 
Phliasius -a -um, ofPhlius. 

Pbdbetor -oris, in. (♦o/JjJTwp'), a son of Mor- 
pheus. 

phoca -ae, f. and phoce -es, f. (<J><iKJ)), a 
seal, sea-dog, sea-calf, Verg. 

Phooaea -ae, f. (*u>Kaia), a sea-]iort in Ionia, 
mc'ther-city of MassUta, now Fouges. Hence, A. 
Pbocaeenals -e, Phocaean. B. Phooael 
•6rum, m. the Phocaeans. C. Phocalous -a 
•um, Phocaean. 

Phools -Idis and -idos, f. (<PwkU), Phocis, 
a district-in the uorth of tlrcece, between Boeotia 
and Aetolia. Hence, 1, Phoc&iCUS -a -nm, 
Phocian ; 2, Phocenses -Inm. m. the. inhabit- 
ants of Pliocis; 3, Phoceus a -um, Phocian; 
juvenis Phoceus, or simply Phoceus, the Phocian 
= Pylades, son of Straphins, king of Phocis, Ov. ; 
4, Phocil -Oram, m. the Phorians. 

Fhoous -i, m. (♦iicos), son of Aeacns, brother 
of Peleus and Telamon. 

Phoebe -es, r. (Golfa). I. a, the sister of 

Phoebus, the Moon-goddess, Diana; b, nietnn., 
Night, Ov. II. daughter of LeucippitS. III. 
daughter of Leda and sister of Helena. 

Phoeblgena -ac, m. (Phoebus and geno = 
gigno), the son of Phoebus, Aesculapius, Verg. 

PhoebllB -i, m. (*or/3oi), Apollo, the Snv- 
god ; poet. — sun ; fugat astra Phoebns, Hor. ; 
and = quarter of the lieavens; sub ntroque 
Phocbo, in the cost* and west, Ov. Hence, A. 
Phoebas -Sdis, f. (tt'otjSa?), ;H-iV.«/f.ss of Phoebus, 
a prophetess. B. Pnoebeius -a -um and 
PhoebeUS -a -um (<t>otpVos, 'I'oipelo?), of 
Phoebus; juvenis, Aesculapius, Ov. ; ales, the 
raven, Ov. ; virgo, Daphne, and poet.= laurel 
crown, Ov. 

Phoenice, v. Phoenice::. 

Phoenices -um, m. (*oiVi<c«).- the Phoe- 



nicians, InhubiUlnts of the district (if Phoenicia, 
famous for their skill in navigation and com- 
merce, founders of scleral colonies, Carthage, 
Hippo, etc. Hence, A. Phoenice -es, f. and 
Phoenica -ae, f. (<t>oir<>r)), Phoenicia, a small 
strip of the coast of Syria, with the chief towns 
Tyre and Sidon. B. Phoenissa -ae, f. (*oi- 
i'i<r<rn), Phoenician ; exsul, Anna, sister of Dido. 
Ov. 

phoeniccpteros -i, in. (^oniKoTrifpo?). the 
flamingo, Juv. 

Phoenix -Icis, m. (*ouif). I. son ofAmyntor, 

companion of Achilles at the. Trojan War. II. a 
fabulcrus bird of Arabia, saiil to lire. 500 years, 
and then to be burnt to death ; from the ashes of 
the dying bird a uew phoenix was said to spring. 

Pbolfie -es, f. (<i>oA6t)), a woody mountain in 
Arcadia, on the border of Elis, now Olona. 

PholUS -i, m. (<t-dAo?), a centaur. 

■ Phorous -i, in. (^6p<o?), Phorcys -cyis, 
m. QVopKvt), and Phorcyn -cjnis, m. ('t>op«i'c). 
a sea-god, son of Neptune, father of Medusa and. 
her sisters. Hence, A. Phorcis -Idos, f. 
daughter of Phorcys; Sorores Phorcides = Graeae, 
Ov. B. PhorcyniS -idis, f. the daughter of 
Phorcus, Medusa. 

Phoroneus -Si and -eos, m. (4>opu»*ei;s), king 
of Argos, son of Inachus, brother of lo. Hence, 
Phoronis -Idis, f. = lo, Ov. 

Phraates (Phrahates) -is, m. name of 
several Parthian kings. 

phrenctlCUS -a -um (^pei'rjTiicdc) and 
phreniticus -a -um (<£pei'mKds), mad, frantic, 
(Jic. 

Phrixus -i, m. ('I'pt'los), son of Athamas and 
Nephele, brother of Helle, with whom he. fled' to 
Colchis on a ram with a golden fleece. Hence, 
adj., Phrixeus -a -um, belonging to Phrixus; 
stagna sororis Phrixeae, the Hellespont, Ov. 

Phr^ges -um, m. (*pvy«), tne Phrygians, 
the inhabitants of Phrygia, famous for their em- 
broidery, but despised for their sloth and stupidity. 
Sing., Phryx -ygis, aaj.= Phrygian; snbst.. a 
Phrygian; esp., a,= Aeneas, Ov. ; b,= a priest 
of Cybele, Prop. Hence, A. Phrygia -ae, f. 
the country of Phrygia, in Asia Minor. B. 
Phryglus -a -um (*pi'-yio?), Phrygian, and 
peet.= Trajan; maritus, Aeneas, Ov., Pelops, 
Prop. ; pastor, Paris, Verg. ; tyrannus, Aeneas, 
Verg., Ov., Laomedon, Ov.; mater, Cybele , Verg. ; 
restes, embroidered, Verg.; buxnm, the Phrygian, 
flute, Ov. ; lapis, Phrygian marble, Ov. 

1. Phryx -Jgis, m. (*pi ; f), a river in Lydia, 
now Ocletschak-Sv-. 

•2. Phryx, v. rin-yges. 

PhryxeUS, V. Phrixus. 

Phthia -ae, f. (*fli'a), a tmvn in Thessoly, 
birth-place of Achilles. Hence, A. Phthlfi.8 
"uii^, f. (*8ia5), re woman of Phthia. B. 
Phthiotes -ae, m. ('J'fliw'n)?), an inhabitant of 
Phthia. C. PhthlotlS -idis, f. (<l'eiw T t<;), 
Phlhiotis, the district of 1'hessaly in which Phthia 
is. D. Phthioticus -a -nm (<i>9iu)tik6s), 
ineton. = Thessalian. E. Phthius -i, m. 
(<PQ~io<;), belonging to Phthia; rex, Peleus, Ov. ; 
ineton. = Thessalian, Liv. 

Phylace -es, f. (•VvXaK^). I. a city in, 
Thessoly, where Protesilans reigned. Hence, A. 
Phylacefo -Idis, f. belonging to Phylace ; 
matres, Thessalian, Ov. B. Phylacelus 
-a -um ; conjux, Laodamia, Ov. II. a town in 
M''!ossis in Epirus. 

Fhylacus -i, m. (*uAo«os). I. founder oj 
Phylace. II. grandfather of Protesilmts. Hence, 



Phy 



417 



Pil 



Phylacides -ae, ra. (<pv\aKi&rii), n descendant 
of Phylacus = Protesilaus, Ov. 

phylarchus -i, ui. (</>ii\apxo?)i Me ''"'^ °f a 
tribe, an emir ;. Arabuin, Cic. 

Phyllos -i, f. (*vAAo5), town in Thessaliotis. 
Hence. Phylleius -a -um (<t>uAAiji'os), poet. = 
Thessalian ; juvenis, Caenens, Ov. 

physica -ae, f. ami physlce -es, f. (ipvcmcq), 
physics, natural science, Cic 

physice, adv. in the manner of tlie 'natural 
philosophers ; dicere, C:c 

physicus -a -um, relating to phyiics or 
natural philosophy, physical. A. Adj., ratio, 
Cic. B. Subst., l, ptiysicus -i, m. a natural 
philosopher, Cic; 2, phyaicaorum, 11. natural 
philosophy, physics, Cic 

physiognoinon -6nis, m. (<j>vo-ioyi-u>nu>v), a 
physiognomist, one who fudges men's characters by 
their features, Cic. 

pliysiologia -ae, f. ((putnoAoyia), natural 
philosophy, Cic. 

piabilis -e (pio), expiable, that can be atoned 
for ; fulinen, Ov. 

piacularis-e(i'iacuhini), atoning, expiating; 
sacritlcia, and subst., piacularia -iuni, d. 
expiatory sacrifices, Liv. 

placulum -i, 11. (pio). I. any means of 
expiating sin or appeasing a deity. A. an expia- 
tory sacrifice, a sin-offering, Cic; porco femina 
piaculum pati, Cic. ; transf., ut luendis periculis 
publicis piaoula simus, Liv. ; hence, any means 
of healing, remedy, Hor. B. punishment; 
gravia piacula exigere, Liv, II. that which 
renders an offering necessary, a sin, crime, evil 
deed ; piaciilum cominittere, Liv. 

piameu -inis, n. (pio), a means of atonement 
or expiation, Ov. 

pica -ae, f. a pie, magpie, Ov. 

picaria -ae, f. (pix), a place where pitch is 
made, a pitch-hut, Cic 

picea -ae, f. (pix), the pitch-pine (pinna 
silvestris, Linn.), verg. 

Ploenum -i, n. a district in the east of Italy 
on the Adriatic, famed for its oil. Hence, A. 
Picens -entis, belonging to Picenum ; Picen- 
tes -lam, m. the people of Picenum. B. 
Piccnus -a -inn, belonging to Picenum. 

piccus -a -um (pix), pitchy, pitch-black; 
cafigo, Verg. 

pico, 1. (pix), to pitch, smear, cover with 
pitch ; cadus picatua, Verg. 

Piotones -um, in. a people in Gallia Aq-.dt- 
ania, whence Poiton. 

1. piotor -oris, in. (pingo), a painter, Cic. 

2. Pictor -oris, in. a surname in the gins 
Facta, v. Fnbius. 

pictura -ae, f. (pingo). I. A. Lit., paint- 
ing, the art of painting ; ars ratioque pictume 
Cic. B. Meton., a painting, picture; pictura 
textilis, embroidery, Cic II. Fig., a painting 
tit words, picture, description, Cic. 

picturatUS -a -um (pictura), painted; vestee, 
embroidered, Verg. 

pictus -a -um, p. adj. (from pingo). I. Of 
style, ornamental, ornate, artistic; genus orati- 
onis, Cic. II. unreal, vain; metus, Prop. 

1. picus -i, m. a woodpecker, Ov. 

2. Picus -i, m. (riiKo?), an Italian deity, hus- 
band ofCanens, father of Faunus ; according to a 
later legend, changed by Circe into a woodpecker. 

pie, adv. (pius), piously, dutifully (opp. 
scelerate), Cic. 



Pieria -ae, f. (riupi'a), a district of Macedonia 
on the coast. 

Piorus (-6b) -i, in. (m'tpoi). I. king oj 
Emathia, who gave his nine daughters the name 
of the nine Muses. II. Macedonian, father of 
the nine Muses. Hence, A. Pifiris -Idls, f. 
(niepc?), (i. Muse. Plur., Pierides, the Muses. 
B. Pierius -a -um, Pierian ; subst, Pieriae, 
the Muses, Cic; hence, poet., via, the study 0} 
poetry, Ov.; modi, poems, Hor. 

pietas -litis, f. (pius), dutifulness. I. Lit., 
a, towards the gods, piety; est pietas justitia 
ad versus deos, Cic. ; b, dutifulness toward; 
parents, native country, benefactors ; filial piety, 
gratitude, patriotism ; quid est pietas nisi vol- 
untas grata in parentes ? Cic; in patrem patri- 
amque, Liv. ; c, justice, equity, Verg. ; d, kind- 
ness, compassion, Verg. II. Pietas, personif. 
as a goddess with two temples in Pome. 

piger -gin -grain (root PIG, whence piget), 
disinclined, unwilling, lazy, slothful. I. Lit., 
serpens frigore pigra, Ov. ; with in and the abl., 
in labore inilitari, Cic; with ad and the ace, 
gens pigerrima ail militaria opera, Liv. ; with 
genit, militiae, Hor. ;*with intin., l'erre laboreni 
scribendi. II. Transf., A. inactive, slow; bellum, 
tedious, Ov.; campus, unfruitful, Hor.; pectorn, 
insensible, Ov. B. Of waters, flowing slowly, 
sluggish, stagnant; pains, Ov. 

piget -guit -gltiini est, 2. impers. I. Lit, it 
causes annoyance, it disgusts; with ace of pers. 
and genit. of thing, me pigeat stultitiae meae, 
Cic; with intin., referre piget, Liv.; absol., 
orntione niultitudo inducitur ad pigendum, Cic. 
II. Transf., 1, it repents: ilia me composuisse 
piget, / rc/ient that I, etc, Ov. ; 2, it causes 
shame; with intin., fateri pigebat, Liv. 

pigmental ius -ii, in. (pigmentuni), a seller 
of paints and. unguents, Cic. 

pigmentum -i, 11. (pingo), a paint, colour, 
pigment. I. Lit., aspersa temere pigmenta in 
tabula, Cic. II. Transf., of discourse, orna- 
ment, decoration ; pigmenta Aristotelia, Cic. 

pignero, 1. (pignus), to give as a pledge, put 
in pledge, mortgage; bona, Liv.; transf., quum 
velut obsidibus datis pigneratos haberent 
animes, Liv. 

pignoror, 1. dep. (pignus). I. to take in 
pledge, appropriate as ones own; Mars fortis- 
siinuni quemque pignerari solet, Cic. II. to 
accept as a pledge of certainty; quod das mihi 
pigneror omen, / fate as " pledge of the fulfilment 
of my prayer, Ov. 

pignus -noris and -nJHs, 11. (root PAG, 
pango, perf. pe-pig-i), a pledge, pawn, security. 
I. Lit., A. Gen., se pignori opponere, Plant. ; 
rem alicuius pignori accipere, Tac. ; esp., a 
security to enforce attendance of senators in the 
senate; senatores pignoribns COgere, <.'ic. B. 
Esp., 1, a wager, bet, stake ; pignoic reitaiv cilia 
aliquo, Verg.; 2, a pledge of lore, used of children 
'and parents; pignora conjugum ae liberornni, 
! Liv. II. Pig., <i pledge, token, assurance, proof; 
voluntatis, injuriae, Cic. ^ 

pfgritia -ae, f. and pigrities -ci, f. (piger), 
sluggishness, sloth, indolence, Cic. ; inilitandi, 
Liv-I a<i sequendum, Liv. 

pigro, 1. (piger), to be sluggish, slothful, lazy, 
Lucr. 

pigror, 1. dep. (piger), to be slow, sluggish; 
with iulin., scribcrc ne. pigrere, Cic. 

1. pila -ae, f. (forpisula, from piso), a mortar, 
Ov. 

2. pila -ae, f. (for pigula, from pango), 
pillar; nulla meosnabeat pila libellos = a book- 
stall, books being sold in Rome round pillars 01 



H 



pil 



41S 



■m? 



building!), Hor. ; collect., saxca pila, n pier or 
mole in. the sen, \ org. 

:!. pila -ae, f. a ball. I. T^it. , a ball to play 
with: pilS ludere, Cic. ; prov., elaudus pilam, 
one !/7io cannot make a rigid use 0/ a thing, Cic. ; 
meton., a o/«m<? of 6aZJ; quautnm alii tribuunt 
alvcolo, quantum pilae, Cic. II. Transf., any 
hall or sphere-shaped substance, a baUoting-ball, 
Prop. 

pilanus -i, m. (pilum) = triarius (q.v.). 

pilatus -a -mn (pilam), armed with the pilum 
or javelin, Verg. 

pileatus -a -nm (pileus), imaring the pilous 
or felt cap ; fratres, Castor and Pollux, Cat. ; 
pileati epnlati sunt, Li v. ; used of freedmen 
(slaves at their emancipation receiving the 
pileus), coloni, Li v. ; rex, Liv. 

pilentum -i, n. a carriage, coach, esp. used 
by Roman ladies, Liv. 

pileolus -i, m. and pileolum -i, n. (dim. 
of pileus), a little cap, skull-cap, Hor. 

pileus -i, m. and pileum -i, n. (mAos), a 
felt cap, fitting close to the. head, worn at feasts, 
especially the Saturnalia, and by slaves in token 
of manumission, Liv. ; servos ad pileos vooare, 

to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv. 

pllo, 1. (1. pilus), to'deprive of hair, make 
laid, Mart. 

pildsus -a -um (1. pilus), covered with hair, 
hairy ; genae, Cic. 

pilum -i, n. (piso, pinso), 1, a pestle, Plin. ; 
2, the short pake or javelin of the Roman infantry, 
•used as a missile, Cic, Liv. ; pila Horatia, a 
place in Jiome on the forum, Liv. 

Pilumnus -i, m. husband of Danae, father of 
Dattnus, ancestor ofTurmis. 

1. pilus -i, 111. a single hair ; mnnitae sunt 
palpebrae vallo pilorum, Cic. ; Hg., a trifle 
(usually with a negative); ego no pilo quidem 
minus me amabo, not a hair less, cic. ; noil focit 
pili cohortem, Cat. 

2. pilus -i, 111. '(pilum). I. a maniple of the 
triarii 111 the Roman army; primi pili centurio, 
Caes. ; aliquein ad prinium pilum transducere, 
to promote to be chief centurion, Caes. ; primuin 
pilum (.hicere, tobe the centurion of the first maniple 
of the triarii, Caes. II. Meton. = Mc centurion of 
the triarii; primus pilus, the centurion of the first 
maniple of the triarii (the, tiist of the sixty 
centurions of the legion), Liv. 

Pimpla -:u>, f. (IIi'/xttAo), a place in Pieria, 
with a mountain and spring, sacred to the Muses. 
Hence, A. Pimplcis (Pipleis) -idis, f. a 
Muse, (lor. B. PimpleUS -a -um, sacred to 
the Mines ; nioiis, Cut. Bubst., Pimplea -ae, f. 
a M use, Hor. 

pina = 2. pinna (q.v.). 

Pinarius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens. 
The Pinarii and Potitii were the priests of Her- 
cules at Rome. 

Pindarus -i, in. (IFiVSapo;), a celebrated lyric 
poet of Thebes in. Boeotia, contemporary with 
Aeschylus. .Adj., Pindaricus a -um, of Pin- 
dar, Pindaric 

PlndenisSUS -i, f. (TTirifVio-o-oO, a town in. 
Sicily; hence, Pindenissitae -arum, m. the 
inhabitants of Pindenissus. 

Plndus -i, m. (riiYSos), a mountain in Thes- 
saly, now Mes:ara. 

pinetum -i, n. (pinus), a pine-wood, Ov. 

pineus -a -um (pinus), made of pine-vjood or 
deal ; claustra, the wooden horse of Troy, Verg. ; 
pl.iga, places where pines grow, Verg.; pineus 
ardor, afire of pint-wood, Verg. 



pingo, pihxi, pictum, 3. to paint. I, Lit., 
A. 1, to paint ; honiinis specieni, Cic. ; 2, esp., 
to embroider, with or without acu, Cic; toga 
picta, the embroidered robe, of the triumphing 
general, Liv.; picti reges, clad, in embroidered 
garments, Mart. E. Transf., 1, to stain, dye, 
colour; frontem moris, Verg.; 2, to decorate, 
adorn ; bibliothoeam, Cic. II. Fig., of speech, 
to embellish, depict eloquently ; Britanniam 
pingara coloribus tnis penicillo meo, Cic. 

pinguesco, :!. (pinguis), to become fat, grow 
fertile; sanguine pingnescere eampos, Verg. 

pinguis -e(m<av),fat, I. Lit., a, of animals, 
Thebani, Cic. ; pingnior agnus, Plant. Subst., 
pingue -is, 11. fatness, fat, Verg. ; b, of 
Ihings, meruin or vinum, oily, Hor.; ara, 
covrrcti with fat of victims, Verg. : of soil, rich ; 
pingnior campus, Hor. II. Transf., 1, lie- 
smeared; crura Into, ,Tuv. ; 2, thick, gross; 
caelum, air, Cic; 3, without understanding, 
hcari/, stupid; ingcniuni, Ov. ; 4, of speech, 
bombastic; poetac pingue quiddam i te*, 

Cic; 5, ijuiet, undisturbed; somnu.i, Uv. ; 
amor, Ov. 

pinifer -/era -ferum (pinus and fero), pro- 
during pines, Verg. 

piniger -gSra -gfimm (pinus and gero), pro- 
ducing pities, Ov. 

1. pinna -ac, f. (another form of penna), a 
feather. I. A. Lit., a feather, and plnr., feathers, 
esp., the feathers in the wings and jail, 'lac. B. 
Melon., 1,= the wing; praepetibus pennis, Cic; 
prov., alicui incidere pinnas, Cic; 2, poet.= 
flight, Ov. ; 3, an arrow, Ov. II. Transf, I, 
the fin of a fish, OV.J 2, the battlement along the 

top of a loall, Caes. 

2. pinna (pina) -ae, f. (rnVra), a species nf 
mussel, Cic. 

pinnatus -a -um (pinna), feathered, winged, 
Cic. 

pinniger -gSra -gSruin (pinna and gero), 
having Jeathers, feathered, winged, Lucr.; transf., 
piscis, having fins, Ov. 

pinnirapus -i, m. (pinna and rapio), a 
gladiator who fought against a Samnite having a 
peak to his helmet, Jtiv. 

pinmila -ae, f. (dim. of pinna), lit., a small 
feather; plur., meton., small wings, Cic. 

piuoteres (pinotheras) -ae, ni.(mi'OTijpr)?), 

the pinna-guard, a small crab found in the shell 
of the pinna. 

pinso, pinsi and pinsui, pinsum, pinsitnm, 
pistlim and pisum 3. (root PIS, whence piso, Ok. 
TTiVcw, ■mio-aui), to stamp, pound, crush, Plant. 

pinus -i and -us, f. (for pic-nus from pix, 

Eicis), the pi ne, fir (pinus silvestris, Linn.). A. 
it., Verg. B. Meton. = something made, of 
pine-wood; a, a ship, Verg.; b, a torch, Verg. ; 
C, a garland of pine-leaves, Ov. 

pio, 1. (pins). I. to seek, to appease by mi 
offering, to appease, propitiate; Silvanum lncte, 
Hor. II. Transf., A. to pay religious honours 
to, venerate, Prop. B. to cleanse, purify, Cic 
C. to make good, atone for ; dainna, Ov.; fulmon, 
to avert the misfortune portended by lightning, 
Ov. ; ncfas triste, Verg. ; culpam morte, Verg. 

piper, piperis, n. (n-eVepi), pepper, Hor. 

pipilo, 1. to twitter, chirp, Cat. 

pipulus -i, m. and pipultim -i, n. a chirp- 
ing ; hence, an out-cry, upbraiding, Plant. 

Piraeeus -e.i, m. (neipatefc), and Piraeus 

-i, m. the Piraeus, a. port of Athens, connected, 
with, the city by long walls; poet, form in neut. 
nlnr., Piraea tuts, Ov. Adj., Piraeus -a -um, 

belonging to Hie PiroiUS. 



plr 



419 



Pla 



pirata -ae, in. (n-eipanis), a pirate, corsair, 
Cic 

piraticus -a -urn (impa-ruco?), piratical; 
myoparo, Cic ; subst., piratica -ae, f. piracy ; 
piraticain facere, Cic. 

Pirene -t?.s, f. (Ileip>jr>|), a spriiip in Corinth, 
sarred to the Muses. Jlence, Pirems -Wis, f. 
(Iletpijris), Pirenutn; Pirenis Ephyre, Coriiiffi, 
Ov. 

Pirithous -i, m. (rTeipi'Soo?), son of lanon, 
kir.a of the Lapitluxe, husband of llippodumia, 
friend of Theseus, with whom he went down to the 
lower world to carry off Proserpina.- 

plrum -i, li. a pear, Yerg. 

pirus -i, f. a pear-tree, Verg. 

Pirustae -arum, in. (ITipoucrflui), an Illyrian 
robber-tribe. 

Pisa -ae, f. (rhVa), and Pisae -arum, f. I. 
a town in Klis on the river Alpheus, where tltc 
Olympian games were held. Hence, Pisaeus 
-a -urn, Pisaean; Arethusa, because she .came 
originally from Elis, Ov. ; liasta, of Oenomaus, 
Ov. ; subst., Pisaea -ae, f. = Hippodamia, Ov. 
II. Pisae -arum, f. a town in Ktruria, famous 
for its baths (now Pisa), said to be a colony 
of Pisa, in Elis. Hence, Pisanus -a -nni, 
Pisan. 

Pisandrus (-6s) -i, m. (Tieio-avSpo^), son of 
Polyctor, one of the suitors of Penelope. 

Plsaurum -i, n. a town in Umbria, now 
Pesaro. Hence, adj., Pisaurensis -e, Pi- 
saurian. 

Pisaurus -i, in. a, river in Umbria, near 
Pisaurum, now Foglia. 

piscariUS -a -nni (niseis), of or belonging to 
fish ; forum, the fish-market, Plant. 

piscator -oris, in. (piscov), a fisherman, 
angler, Cic. 

piscatdrius -a -inn (piscator), of or relating 
to fishermen ami fishing ; navis, a fishing-smack, 
Caes. ; foniin, fish-market, Liv. 

piscatus -us, in. (piscor). I. a fishing, 
catching of fish, Cic. II. Meton., fish, Plant. 

pisciculus -i, ra. (dim. of piscis), a little 
fish, Cic. 

piscina -ae, f. (piscis). I. a tank for keeping 
fish, fish-pond ; mullos exceptave de piscina, Cic. 
II. Trans!'., 1, a tank for bathing, swimming- 
bath, Plin. ; 2, '( reservoir, Plin. 

piscinarius -li, in. (piscina), one fond of 
fish-ponds, Cic. 

piscis -is, in. a fish. I. Lit., pisoes capere, 
Cic; sing., used collectively, Ov. II. Transf., 
Pisces, the sign of the zodiac so rolled, Ov. ; pisces 
geinini or gondii, Ov. ; piscis aquosus, Verg. 

piscor, 1. dep. (piscis), to fish; ante hortnloa 
alicuius, Cic. 

piscosus -a -um (piscis), abounding in fish; 
ainnis, Ov. 

pisculcntus = piscosus (q.Y.). 

Pisida -ae, in. (IIio-i'St)?), a Pisidiun ■ ; plur., 
Pisidae, the I'isidians, inhabitants of Pisidia. 
Hence, Pisidia -ae, f. (iiio-tSt'a), a district in 
Asia Minor bordering on lite east on Cilicia, on 
the north and west on Phrygia, Caria, and Lycia, 
o» the south on Pamphylia. 

PisiStratus -i, m. (Iiei<rurTpaTos), tyrant at 
Athens, contemporary ofServius Tullius. Hence, 
Pisistratidac -arum, m. (lUKT^ipariSai), the 
sons of Pisistratus. 

1. piso, v. pinso. 

2. Piso -onis, in. u surname in the gens Cal- 
yunti'u, v. Calpurnius. 



pistilluni -i, n. or pistillus -i, m. (pinso), 
a pestle, Plant. 

pistor -oris, in. (pinso). I. a grinder, miller, 
Plant. II. a baker, Cic; Pistor, surname of 
Jupiter. 

Pistor iura -li, n. a town in Etrurin, now 
ristoja. Hence, Pistoriensis -e, relating to 
Pistorium. 

pistrilla -ae, f. (dim. of plstriua), a small 
murtar or mill, Ter. 

pistrina -ae, f. (pinso), « bakehouse, Plin. 

pistrinum -i, n. (pinso), <r mill (usually 
worked by horses and asses, though sometimes 

by slaves as a punishment); homo pistrino 
dignus, Ter. ; transf., tibi mecum in eodein est 
pistrino vivendum, in the same drudgery, Cic. 

pistris = pristis (q.v.). 

pisum -i, n. (iri'croi'), the pea, pease, Plin. 

Pitane -es, f. (Iln-di-i)), a town in Asia 
Mi nor, now Sandurlik. 

Pithecusa -ae, f. and Pithccusae -arum, 
f. (Ui.dqKOv<ra, Iliflj/icoCtrai), an island in the 
Tyrrhene Sea, near Ciuuae, now Ischia. 

Pittacus (-6s) -i, m. (riiTTaKos), a philo- 
sopher of Mitylene, one of the Seven Jl'i'se Men. 

Pittheus -Ji and -Cos, m. (Tlii-fit-us), king in 
Troezen, father of Aethra, who was the wife of 
Aegeus and mother of Theseus. Hence, A. 
Pitthcis -idos, f. (niT0T)i's), « daughter of 
Pittheus — Aethra, Ov. B. PittheiUS and 
PittheUS -a -um, belonging to Pittheus. 

pituita -ae, f. phlegm, rheum; quum pituita 
reuundat, Cic 

pituitOSUS -a -uui (pituita), full of phlegm ; 
homo, Cic. 

pitysma = pytisma (q.v.). 

pius -a -um (superl. piissimus, condemned 
by Cicero). I. acting dutifully, dutiful, pious; 
a, upright, God-fearing, virtuous; homo, Cic; 
pii, " the blessed dead," Cic. ; transf., of things or ' 
actions, -upright; pax, Cic; subst., justum 
piumque, justice and equity, Ov. ; piuin est, with 
infin., Ov. ; b, affect iantde towards one's parents, 
benefactors, relations, native country, etc, grate- 
ful, patriotic, obedient; in parentes, Cic; ad- 
versua sororem, Liv. II. Esp. (like <£t'Aoi), 
kind, gentle ; pia testa (of wine), Hor. 

pix, picis, f. (iriWa), pitch ; aliquid pice 
linere, Liv. 

placabilis -e (placo), easy to be appeased, 
easy of propitiation, placable; homines, Cic; 
witli ad and the ace, placabile ad justas pieces 
ingenium, Liv. ; poet., transf., ara Dianae, 
Verg. 

placabilitas-atis, f. (placabilis), placability, 
Cic 

placameil -Inis, n. (placo), a means of ap- 
peasing, propitiating ; placamina irae, Liv. 

placamentum -i, n. (placo), a means of 
appeasing, Tac 

placate, adv. (placatus), calmly, composedly; 
omnia huinaiia placate et moderate ferre, Cic. 

placatlO -onis, f. (placo), a soothing, ap- 
peasing, propitiating ; deoruni, Cic. 

placatus -a -um, p. adj. (from placo). I. 
soothed, appeased, placable ; placatiore eo et sua 
et regis spe inveuto, Liv. II. calm, gentle, 
quiet; vita, Cic; quies placatissima, Cic; 
transf., maie, Verg. 

placenta -ae, f. (n-AaxoOj), a cake, Hor. 

Placentia -ae, f. a town in Gallia Cisjxidana, 
now Piacema. Hence, Placentinus -a -um, 
Placentine. 



pia 



420 



pla 



pladeo -Hi -Hum, 2. (root. PLAC, of. placo), 

to please, be agreeable, acceptable to. I. Gen., a, 
of persons, velle placere alicui, Cic ; placere 

sibi, to please, be satisfied with oneself, Cic. ; 
middle perf., placitus sum, / am pleased, Ov. ; 
b, of tilings, placet hoc tibi ? does this please 
yourCi'.; foil, by quod, sibi noil placere quod 
tarn cupide elaborasset, Nep. II. Eap,, A. Of 
actors and artists, to please, to win applause; 
admodum placere in tragoediis, Cic. B. placet, 
with or without dat. of pcrs., it pleases, it seems 
good, it h the opinion of, I hold ; a, ut doct- 
issimis placuit, Cic; with ut and the subj., his 
placuit ut tu in Cumanum venires, Cic; with 
lufin., nee mihi ipsi placebatdiutiusabesse.Cic; 
with ace and inun., placet Stoicis homines 
hominum causa esse generatos, Cic. ; as a par- 
enthesis, si placet, Cic. ; si diis placet, Liv. ; b, 
as legal 1. t., to seem good, resolve, order, com- 
mand; with ut and the subj., senatui placere 
ut, etc., Cic; with ace. and inlin., suggestuui 
adornari placuit, Liv. 

placlde, adv. (placidus), quietly, gently, com- 
posedly, placidly ; ferre dolorem, Cic. 

placidus -a -um (placeo), quiet, still, placid, 
gentle ; redder* aliquem placidum, Cic. ; senatus, 
Cic ; amnis, Ov. ; plack'ior civitas, Liv. ; placid - 
issima pax, Cic. 

plaoitum, v. placitus. 

placitus -a -um, p. adj. (from placeo). I. 
Adj., pleasing, pleasant, agreeable ; amor, Very.; 
locus, Sail. II. Subst., placltum -i, n. A. 
that which pleases one; ultra placitum, more 
than is agreeable, Verg. B, opinion, teaching; 
placita majorum, Tac. 

placo, 1. (causat. of placeo, as sedo of sedeo, 
connected with pla-nus), to soothe, am tase, calm. 

1. Lit., aequora tniuida, Verg. II. Transf., /" 
assuage, rerun cile, appease; an i mum, animus, Cic. ; 
aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem alicui, Cic : homo sibi 
ipse placitus, of a quiet mind, Cic; transf., 
ventrem, Hor. 

1. plaga -ae, f. (n-A>)yi), a bloic, stroke. I. 
Gen., Cic. ; plagam ferre, Verg. II. Esp., a 
stroke that wounds, and meton. = the wound it- 
self; plagam accipere, Cic ; infiigere, imponere, 
Cic. ; fig., oratio parem plagam facit, Cic. ; levior 
est plaga ab amico, Cic. 
» 2. plaga -ae, f. (root PLAC, whence plac- 

entuin, Gr. 1TAAK, »Adf), a. fiat surface. I. a 
net for hunting boars and. similar animals; 1, 
lit., plagas tendere, Cic ; in plagam cadere, Ov. ; 

2, fig., a vet, snare, toil ; quas plagas ipsi contra 
se Stoici texueinnt, Cic. ; Antoniuui conjeci in 
Octaviani plagas, Cic. II. a district, zone, tract, 
region; caeli, Cic; aetheria, the air, Verg.; 
quatuor plagae, the. four zones, Verg. 

plagiavius -ii, m. a man-stealer, kidnapper, 
Cic; hence, in jest, a literary thief, plagiarist, 
Mart. 

plagosus -a -um (1. plaga), fond of flogging ; 
Orbilius, Hor. 

plagula -ae, f. (dim. of 2. plaga), a curtain, 
bed-curtain, Liv. 

Flanasia -ae, f. (TWavao-ia), an island south 
of Elba in. the. Ligurian Sea, now J'ianosa, place 
of banishment under the emperors. 

Flancius -a -um, name of a Human gens, the 
most celebrated member of which wat( n. Plancius, 

whom Cicero defended when tried foi in ibery. 
planctus -us, m. (plango), a loud noise as 

if beating, esp., beating the breast, wailing, 
lamentation ; planctus et lameiita, Tac. 

Plancus -i, m. (= xAaTi''7rov5, broad-footed), a 
family of the gens Munatin. 

plane, adv. (planus). I. plainly, simply, 



intelligibly; loqui, Cic; planlus dieeiv, Cli'. ; 
planiBsime explicare, Cic. II. wholly, entirely, 
quite, thoroughly ; plane eruditus, Cic; si plane 
occidimus, Cic ; ]>lane nihil sapit, Cic 

plango, planxi, planctum, 3. (root PLAC, 
Gk. IIAAT, whence ttAi'icto-u), to beat, strike with 
a loud notice. I. tympana palmis, Cat. ; litom 
planguntur fiuctn, Ov. II. Esp., to strike the 
breast, head, etc., as a sign nf grief ; pectora, < >v. ; 
femur, Ov.; lacertos, Ov. H. Transf., as K07rr- 
eo-floi, rcll. plangere, middle plangi, la bewail 
loudly; planguntur inntrcs, Ov. ; agmina plau- 
gentia, Verg. 

plangor -oris, m. (plango), a striking or 
beating accompanied by noise. I. Gen.,Ov. II. 
Esp., the beating of the head and breast in token <;t 
grief, loud lamentation ; plnngore et lamenta- 
tione implere, complete forum, Cic. ; plangorem 
dare, Ov. 

plangunciila -ae, f. (dim. < >f irhayyur), a 
wax doll, Cic. 

planipes -peclis, m. (planus and pes), a 
mime who played the part of slaves, etc., and >■ ore 
no shoes, Juv. 

planitas -iitis, f. (planus), plainness, dis- 
tinctness, Tac. 

planltia -ae, f. and planities -fi, f. 

(planus), level surface, a plain, Cic. 

planta -ae, f. I. agreen twig, cutting, graft ; 
a, of the vine, Cic. ; of trees, Verg. ; b, <i 
Slip for transplanting, Ov. II. the sole of tlie 
foot, with or without pedis, Verg. 

plantarla -luill, n. (planta), young trees, 
slips, Verg. 

1. planus -a -um (root Pi, A, whence placo), 
lere.l,fiat. I. Lit., Incus, Cic. ; Ilium, thick, Ov. 
Subst., planum -i, ll. a plain, lerel ground, 
Sail., Liv. ; tig., via vitae plana et stabilis, Cic. ; 
de piano, easily, without trouble, Lucr. II. 
Transf., plain, clear, intelligible; mil-ratio, Cic. ; 
planum facere, to explain; loll, by ace and 
infiu., Cic. 

2. planus -i, in. (n-Aoro?), a vagrant, juggler, 
charlatan, Cic. 

Plataeae -arum, f. (HAaTaiai')> a town in 
Uoeotia, famed for a victory of the Greeks over 
the Persians (47'J B.C.), now Palaeo • Castro. 
Hence, Plataeenses -lum, in. the inhabitants 

of 1'lataea. 

platalea -ae, f. a water-bird, the spoonbill, 
Cic. 
platanus -i, f. (n-AdTaros), the plane-tree, 

Cic; caelebs, im! used to train the vine on (lika 
the elm), Hor. 
platea -ae, f. (nXareia), a street, Caes. 

Plato (-on) -onis, m. (HAd-rior). I. a celc- 
bra led Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates, 
founder of the Academic philosophy. Hence, 
Platonicus -a -um, Platonic ; homo, transf. — 
a deep thinker, Cic Plnr. subst., Platdnici 
-orum, in. the Platonists, Cic. II. an Epicwrea 
nf Sard is. living at Athens, in 59 B.a 

plaudo (plodo), plausi (plosi), plausum 
(nlosum), S. I. Intransit., to clap, strike, beat. 

A. Gen., alis, Verg. ; pennis, Ov, ; rostro, Ov. 

B. Esp., to chip the hands in token of applause; 
a. lit., inanus in plaudendo eonsumere, Cic; 
iuipcrs., huic ita plausum est ut, etc, Cic. ; esp. 
in the theatre, plaudite (said at the end of a 
piece), Hor. ; b, transf., to give signs of approval, 
applaud, to approve; ingeniis sepultis, Hor.; 
diis hominibusque planaentibus, Cic. ; hence 
plur., sibi, Hor. II. Transit., A. to bent, chip ; 
pectora manu, Ov. ; plausa colla equornm, 
Verg. ; pedibus choreas, to dance, stamping with 



pla 



•12 J 



plo 



tht feet, Verg. B. to strike together; plausis 
hIU, u.-. 

plnusibilTs -e (plaudo), worthy of applause , 
Cic. 

plausor -oris, iu. (plaudo), aw applauder at 
the theatre, Hor. 

plaustrum (plostrum) -i, n. I. a wagon, 
cart; oiuiii -x locis publicis plaustris coacta, 

Cic. II. Transf., Charles's Wain, the constellation 
of the Ureal Uear, Ov. 

plausns -us, in. (plaudo), the noise made by 
the striking together of two bodies. I. Gen., 
plausiun dare peimis, Verg. ; ingeuti sonuerunt 
omnia plausu, Verg. II. Esp., the clapping of 
the lianas in sign of approval, applause ; aceipere 
platisuni, Cic. ; captare plausus, Cic. ; comprint- 
itur plausus ipsa admiratioue, Cic. 

PlautlUS (Plotlus) -a -um, name of a Roman 
gens; hence, adj., Plautlanus (Plotianus) 
■a -um, 1'lautian. 

Plautus -i, m. (lit. flat-footed), M. Accius 
(or T. Maccius), re celebrated Roman comic poet, 
who died about eighty years before Cicero's birth; 
hence, Plautinus -a -um, relating to Plautus ; 
Plautinus pater, in a comedy of Plautus. 

plebecula -ae, f. (dim. of plebs), the common 
people, mob, rabble, Cic. 

plebeius -a -um (plebs). I. relating or be- 
longing to the plebs or people (opp. patrieius), 
plebeian; faniilia, Cic. ; ludi, games celebrated in 
honour of the driving out of the kings or of the 
return of the plebeians from their secession to the 
Aventlne Hill, Cic. Subst., plebeius -i, m. a 
plebeian, and plebeia -ae, f. a plebeian woman, 
Liv. Plur., plebeli or plebei, Cic. II. 
plebeian = common, vulgar , low, mean, inferior; 
sermo, of the lower classes, Cic. ; purpura, Cic. ; 
plulosoplii, Cic. 

plebes -ui, f.= plebs (q.V.). 

plebicola -ae, in. (plebs and colo), a friend 
of the common people, Cic. 

plebiscitura -i. n. (plebs and scisco), a 
decree or ordinance of the people, Cic. 

plebs, plebis, f. (root PLE, whence ple-o, 
ple-nus, Gr. flAE, UAH, whence 7rA)j0<o, TrArjSos), 
the multitude. Hence, I. As a political division, 
the. plebeians, the people (opp. patricii, patres, 
senatus, while populus includes both these 
and the plebeians) ; consulem de plebe noil ac- 
cipiebat, Cic. II. Transf., the common people, 
the multitude, mass of the people, the lower orders, 
rabble, mob ; plebs et infima uiultitudo, Cic. ; 
plebs eris, Hor.; plebs deoruni, tlie lower order of 
deities, Ov. • 

1. plecto, plexi and plexui, plexuni, 3. (root 
PLEC, Gr. IIAEK, n-AeVw), to plait, braid; more 
frequently in partic, plexus -a -um, braided, 
plaited; corollae, Lucr. ; ttores, Cat. 

2. plecto, 3. (ttAtjtti.)), to punish; usually in 
pass., to be punished with blows. A. Lit., tergo, 
Hor. B. Transf., 1, to be punished, with abl. 
of crime ; negligentia, Cic. ; 2, to be blamed, cen- 
sured, Ncp. 

plectrum -i, n. (nXrJKrpoi'), a short stick or 
guilt with which the strings of a stringed instru- 
ment were struck. A. Lit., Cic. B. Poet., 
melon., 1, the lyre, Hor.; 2, lyrical poetry, 
Hor. 

Pleias(rUr)ias),Plejas,andPhds(iiAaa5) 
■ adis, f. a Pleiad; gen. plur., Pleiades (Pli- 
ades) and Plejades -Sduni, f. the Pleiads, the 
Seven Stars, according to the legend, the seven 
daughters of Atlas by Pleione (Electra, Halcyone, 
Celaeno, Maia, Sterope, Taygetc, Merope). 

PleJSltie -cs, f. (nArjidnj), th? wife of Atlas, 



mother of the I'leiads; Pieiones liepos, Mercury, 
sou of Maia, Ov. 

Plemyrium ("?15niurium) -ii, n. (IIAw- 
/iupri/), re promontory of Sicily, near Syracuse, 
now /'until di tliganle. 

pleno, adv. (plenus), fulli/; Hg., fully, ctm- 
pletely, wlioUy, abundantly ; \<h lie |*Tf"Ctae 
niuilitiones, Caes. ; plene i-.apieules homines, 
Cic. 

plenitudo -Inis, f. (plenus), fulness, co»i- 
phtcness, l'liu. 

plenus -a -um (root PLE, whence p!e-0, Gr. 
IIAE, n-Ae'os), full. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, lit., 
with genit., argenti, Cic. ; with abl., plena 
domus ornamiiitis, Cic. ; absol., pleuisshnis 
velis navigare, Cic; caleari ad plenum, com- 
pletely, Verg.; b, lig., plenus timoiis, Caes.; 
plenus expectatione, Cic. ; absol., plena inanu 
alicuius laudes in astra tollere, Cic. B. Esp., 

1, plump, portly, stout; homo, Cic; velamina 
lilo pleno, thick, Ov.; 2, pregnant, Cic; 3, full, 
satiated; plenus eras miuinio, Ov. ; 4, full of, 
richly provided with, rich in ; exercitus plenis- 
siinus praeda, Cic. ; tig., plenus inimicorum, 
Cic; negotiis, occupied, Cic; hence, absol. = 
well-stocked, rich; urbs, Cic; homo, Cic; 
epistola plenior, full of matter, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. full, of quantity and number ; 1, numerous; 
aginen, Ov. ; 2,= complete, entire ; a, lit., 
annus, Cic. ; legio, Caes. ; b, tig., complete, per- 
fect; gaudium, Cic; pleno gradu, at quick step, 
Liv. B. Of strength, strong, loud; vox, Cic; 
pleniore voce, Cic. 

plerumquc, v. plerusque. 

plerus — plerusque (q.v.). 

plerusque - -raque -rumquS, gen. plur., 
plerique -raeque -raquC, very many, a large 
part, the most, the greatest part, the majority (op]\ 
unus, pauci). I. Plur., 1, absol., multi nihil 
piodesse philosophiam, plerique etiam ubesso 
arbitrautur, Cic; plerique lielgae, Caes.; iu 
plerisque, in the majority of cases, Cic. ; 2, with 
genit., plerique Poenorum, Cic; 3, with the 
abl., plerique ex factioue, Sail. II. Sing., 
.inventus, Mall. ; nobilitas, Sail.; Africa, Sail. 
Neut., plerunique ; a, subst., the greater part; 
noelis, Sail.; per Europae plerunique, Liv.; b, 
adv., for the most part, mostly, generally, com- 
monly, Cic. 

Pleumoxii -drum, m. a people in Gallia 
Belgian. 

Pleuron-imis, t.(jlKtvpu>v),aU>wn in Aetolla. 
Hence, adj., PleurdniUS -a -um, Pleuronian. 

plico -ui -atus, 1. (ttAckw), to fold, double up, 
fold together ; se in sua membra, Verg. 

Plinius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which were: 1, C. Plinius 
Secuadus (Major, the Elder), probably of Cemo, 
author of a Natural History in thirty-seven books, 
killed 7U A.D., at the eruption, of Mount Vesuvius; 

2, C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Junior," the 
Younger), governor under Trajan in Bithynia, 
author of letters and of a panegyric on Trajan. 

Pllsthenes -is, m. (nAfta-flt^t). I. son of 
Pelops, brother of Alreus.antl Thyestes, father of 
Agamemnon and Menckens, who was brought' up 
by his brother Atreus. Hence, Plisthonicus 
-a -um, torus, of Agamemnon, Ov. 

plodo = plaudo (q.v.). 

plorabilis -c (ploro), deplorable, lamentable. 
Pers. 

plorator -oris, in. (ploro), a waller, howler, 
lamenter, Mart. 

ploratus -iis,. in. (ploro), « crying, weeping, 
lamenting; gen. in plur., audivi cjvit^tum 
gemitus, ploratus, Cic, 



plo 



422 



POG 



ploro, 1. I. inlransit., to lament, wail, cry 
aloud for grief; plorando fessus sum, Cic; jubeo 
te plorare (= olixui^iv \iyio (rot, bad luck to you!), 
Hor. II. Transit., to weep over, to lament, deplore; 
turpe couuiiissuiu, Hor. 

plostellum -i, n. (dim. of plostruin), a Utile 
tcxigon, Hor. 

plostrum = plaustnun (q.v.). 

ploxemum (ploxlmum, ploxinum) 

-i, n. a wagon-box, Cat. 

pluit, v. pluo. 

pluma -ae, f. the downy part of a feather, a 
small, soft feather ; plur.= down. I. Lit., pllimae 
versicolors colunibaruin, Cic. ; in pluinis 
delituisse Jovem, to hare been disguised in the 
form of a bird, Ov. ; in pliuiiam, after the fashion 
of feathers, Verg. ; used to stuff pillows, bolsters, 
etc., with; hence, meton.= holster, feather-bed, 
pillow, Juv. ; as an emblem of lightness, rickle- 
ih-ss, etc., pluma ant folio facilius moventur, 
Cic. II. Transf., the first down on the chin, 
Hur._ 

plumatUS -a -um (pluma), covered with 
feathers, Cic. poet. 

plumbeus -a -um (plumbum), leaden, made 
c.f lead. I. Lit., glans, Lucr. II. Transf., 
leaden; 1,= blunt; gladius, Cic; pugio, Cic; 
2,— bail; vina, Mart; 3, dull, stupid; pluni- 
beus in pliysicis, Cic; 4, heavy, oppressive, 
burdensome ; auster, Hor. 

plumbum -i, ll. (akin to /idAvjSSo;), lead. 
l_. Lit., ]>luiiibuin album, tin, Caes. II. Meton., 
1, a bidlet, Verg. ; 2, a leaden-pipe, Hor. 

plumeus -a -um (pluma), downy, consisting 
of, covered with fine feathers ; culcita, Cic; torus, 
Ov. 

plumipes -pedis (pluma and pes), feather- 
footed, Cat. 

plumosus -a -um (pluma), feathered, covered 
with dow}i, downy, Prop. 

pluo, plfii, 8. (root PLU, connected with 
FLU-o, Gr. DAY. whence -nkvvui), to rain. I, 
Lit., impels., pluit, it rains; duiu pluit, Verg.; 
aqua, quae pluendo crevisset, Cic; with ace. and 
abl. of what falls, sanguine pluisse Cic; lapides 
pluere, Liv. II. Transf., to fall down in a great 
mass or number; bantum glaudis pluit, Verg. 

plurles, adv. (plus), often, frequently, Caes. 

plurifariam (plus), on many sides, in many 
i laces, Suet. 

plurlmus, pliirimuni, v. multus. 

plus, pluris, v. inultus. 

piusculus -a -um (dim. of plus), somewhat 
more, rather many; plusculum -i, n. used 
BubsL, causae iu quibua plusculum negotii est, 
Cic. 

pluteus -i, m. and pliiteum -i, n. I. A. 
a, a moveable penthouse, slwd, or mantlet (made 
of hurdles covered with hides to protect the 
besiegers of a town), Caes. ; b. a breastwork, 
battlement on a tower, Caes. II. A. the back 
board of a bed or sofa, Mint. B. the board on 
which a corpse is laid out, Mart. C. n book-shelf, 
book-case, Juv. 

Pluto (-on) -Onis, in. (riAovTwi'), the king of 
the lower world, brother of Jupiter and Nej ! 
husband of Proserpina. Hence, Pliitonlus -a 
-um, belonging to Pluto ; doinus, the grave, Hor.; 
plur. subst., Plutonia -5rum, n. (sc. loca), a 
place in Asia Minor, perhaps in Lydia, where 
there was a temple to I'luto. 

pluvla -ae, f. (pluvius), tunn ; pluvias metuo, 
Cic. 

pliivialis -c(pluvia), <>/ or relating to rai/t, 



rainy; aquae. Ov.; fungi, growing after rain, 
Ov.; auster, Verg. 

pluvius -a -um (pluo). o/or relating to rain, 
rainy, rain-bringing ; aquae, Cic; Hyades, 
Verg.; venti, Hor.; arcus, a rainbow, Hor. 

pocillum -i, n. (dim. of poculum), a little. 
drmking-cup, goblet ; Jovi Victori pocillum mulsi 
facerc, to offer, Liv. 

poculum -i, n (root PO, whence potus, 
poto), a drinking-cup, goblet. I. poculum 
inipavide haurire, Liv. ; poculum mortis ex- 
liaurire, Cic; poscunt majoribus poculis (sc. 
Inhere), to drink out of goblets, Cic. II. Meton., 
A. a drink, draught; ad pocula venire, Verg.; 
anions poculum, a lore-philtre, Hor.; in ipsis 
tuis imntanibus poculis, in thy cups, in the midst 
of thy revels, Cic B. Esp., a poisonous draught, 
Cic 

podagra -ae, f. (iroSc-ypa), the gout 111 the 
feet; podagrae doloribus cruciari, Cic. 

Podalirlus -ii, in. (HooaAf iptos). I. son of 
Aesculapius, a celebrated physician. II. a Trojan. 

podex -ieis, m. the fundament, Hor. 

podium -ii, n (ttoSioi-), a basement or balcony 
immediately above tin. arena in Hit amphitheatre, 
where the emperor and other distinguished persons 
sat, Juv. 

Poeas (Paeas) -antis. m. (iloi'a?), the father 
of Philoctetes ; Poeante satus, son of Pot 
Philoctetes, Ov. Hence, A. adj., Poeantius 
-a -um, proles or heros, or simply Poeantius = 
Philoctetes, Ov. B. Poeantiades -ae, in. son 
of Poeas = Philoctetes, Ov. 

pooma -atis, n. (rrolrfpa), a poem ; poema 
facerc, or componere, or condere, Cic ; plur., 
pocmata = poetry (opp. oratio, prose), Cic. 

poena -ae, f. (noivg), the fine paid for mur- 
der; hence, punishment, penalty, expiation, com- 
pensation. I. poena dupli, octupli, Cic. ; vitae, 
Cic; capitis, Caes.; mortis, Cic; oculoruiu, 
loss of eyesight, Cic; votorum, payment of one's 
vows, Verg. ; poenas justas et debitas solvere, 
Cic; poenas expetere ab aliquo, Cic; poenas 
domestic! sanguinis expetere, to avenge the. mur- 
der of a blood-relation, Cic ; poenas parentiuin a 
jiliis expetere, to visit the sins of the fathers on the 
children, Cic; poenas capere pro aliquo, to 
avenge some one, Sail. ; poenani habere, to be 
punished, Liv.; poenas habere ab aliquo, to ob- 
tain vengeance from some one, Liv. ; poenas dare, 
to be punished, Cic; poena aliquem affieerc or 
multare, Cic ; poenas subire, ferre, perferre, luere, 
Cic. ; extra poenani esse, to get off scot-free, Liv. 
II. Fersonil., Poena, the goddess of revenge or 
■punishment, Cic ; plur., a liberum Poenis actum 
esse praecipitem, Cic 

Poeni -orum, in. the Phoenicians = the Car- 
thaginians (colonists from Phoenicia), proverbial 
among the Romans for faithlessness and breach 
of treaties ; Poeni foedifragi, Cic. ; sing., 
Poenus -i, m. a Phoenician, a Cartluiginian ; 
used for Hannibal, Cic; collective, Poenus 
advena, Liv.; Poenus aterqne, the Carthaginians 
in Africa and Spain, Hor. Hence, A. Poenus 
-a -uin, Phoenician, Panic, Carthaginian ; navita, 
Hor.; leones, Verg B. Puulcus (Poenl- 
cus) -a -um, Phoenician, Punic, Carthaginian; 
a, lit., Punicuin helium, Cic; lides = faithless- 
ness, Ball. ; so ars, Liv.; b, poet., transf. = 
jmrple-red ; sagmn, Hor. C. Punlceus 
(Poenlceus) ami Punlclus (Poenlclus) 
-a-Uin, a, Punic, ( arthuginian ; b, purple- red. 

Poeninus -a -um, Pennine; Alpes or jnga, 
the Pennine Alp-: Poeninus mons, the (treat St 
/;. i a. nd : or simply Poeninus, Liv. 

pocnio, poeuior = puuio (q.Y.). 



poe 



i-23 



Pol 



poenitens -wit is (partic of poeuiteo). 

poenitentia (paenitentia) -ae, f. (poe- 
uiteo), repentance, penitence, Liv. 

poemtco (paeniteo) -iii, 2. (from poniire 
= punire; lit., to punish). I. to displease, 
Plaut. II. to feel displeasure, to repent, to regret, 
to be sorry. A. Pers., to rue; poenitens consilii, 
Sail. ; sipoenitere possint, Liv. ; poenitens, Cic; 
jioenitnms, Ball. ; poenitendo, by repentance, 
Cic. B. Iinpers., poenitet aliquem alicuius rei, 
etc., it repents o)ie, one is displeased, vexed, 
etc ; (a) with ace. of pel's), ami genit, of tiling, 
suae quemque fortunae poeuitet, Cic.; me poen- 
itet consilii, Cic; without ace. of pels., tam- 
quam pocni teat, laboris, Liv. ; (j3) with ace. of pers. 
and lioill. pron. neuter, nihil sane esset quod 
nos poeniteret, Cic; with only noiu. pron., 
nihil quod poenitere possit, of which one could 
repent, Cic; (y) with ace. of pers. and intin., 
lion poenitet me vixisse, Cic; or, (6) simple 
infin., ut fortiter fecisse poeniteat, Cic ; or 
with ace and infin., ill posterum diem dilatum 
(esse) ceitamen, Liv. ; (e) with ace. of pers. and 
iel. sent., QuintUUl poenitet quod aniinum tuuui 
offendit, Cic. ; (£) or with iel. sent, alone, poe- 
nitet quod deduxisti, Liv. ; (ij) absol., poenitet 
et torqueor, Ov. 

pdesis -is, aec. -in, f. (iroitjcris), poetry, Cic. 

poeta -ae, in. (n-oiijTTJs), a poet ; poeta comicus, 
tragicus, Cic. 

poetica -ae, f. and poetice -es, f. (TroirjTiKT), 
sc. rixvrj), the art of poetry, Cic. 

poetice, adv. (poeticus), poetically, after the 
wanner of a poet ; ut poetice loquar, Cic. 

poeticus -a -um (TroirjriKos), poetical; ver- 
buin, Cic. ; facultas, Cic. 

Poetovio -onis, f. a town in Pannonia, now 
Pettau. 

poetria -ae, f. (noiriTpia), U2>oetess, Cic. 

pol! interj. by Pollux! truly! really! Cic. 

Polemo (-on) -onis, m. (lloAe/u(oi>). I. a 
Greek philosopher ut Athens, pupil of Xeuocrales, 
teacher of Zi iito and ArcesUaus. Hence, Poiem- 
oncus -a -um, of Polemo. II. a king in 
Ponlus. . 

polenta -ae, f. (root POL, POLL, whence 
pollen, Or. ILVA, rrdKr)), pearl-barley, barley- 
groats, Ov. 

polio, 4. to polish, fie, make smooth. I. A. 

1, roguin ascia, Cic. ; 2, esp., to cover with white 
■mortar or gypsum, to whiten ; columnas albo, 
Liv. II. Pig., to adorn, embellish, to polish, 
finish; orationcm, Cic. 

polite, adv. (politus), in a polished manner, 
elegantly, Cic; politius limure, Cic. 

politia -ae, ace. -an, f. (n-oAiTc i'a), 1, the state; 

2, the Republic (title of a work by Plato), Cic. 
politicus -a -um (jroAmxds), of or relating 

to the state, political; pnilosophi, Cic. 

Politorium -li, n. atowninLatium, south of 
the Tiber, according to the legend founded by the 
Trojan i'ulites, son of Priam. 

politus -a -um, p. adj. (from polio), polished, 
refined, ua-omplished ; homo, Cic; politior lium- 
nnitas, Cic; vir omni liberali doetrina politis- 
simus, Cic. 

pollen -inis, n. and pollis -inis, c. (cf. 

polenta), fine flour, meal, Ter. 

pollens -cutis, p. adj. (from polleo), strong, 
powerful, mighty; matrona, Ov. ; herlue, Ov. ; 
with abl., viiilms, Ball. 

1. pollcntia -ae, f. diolleo). I, 



power, 



.. (polleo). 
strength, might, Plant. II. Person jf., (he goddes 
of might, Pollcutja, Ljy, 



2, Pollcntia -40, f. ti luu'n in Llyuria, famous 
for its wool, now Polenzit. 

polleo, 8. (potis and vateo)j id tSt itfond) 
mighty, powerful, able; qui in repiil)ll 1 'a > (flur- 
illiuni pollebaut, had the most power, Cic; lun 
pliiiinium pollet oratio, Cic; with abl., scicntia, 
Cic 

pollox -luis, 111, (polleo), lit,, that which U 
strong. A. the thumb ; Acglnetis nnllicea prae- 
cidere, Cic; as a measure*, Blavf ferrel digitl 
poinds crassitudlne, Cites. 5, the great toe, 
Plili. 

polliceor -citussum, 2. dep. (pro and liceor), 
to offer, promise, proffer. I. Gen., a, with ace 
of thing, pccuniani, Cic; b, with ace of thing, 
and dat. of person, senatui frunientum, Cic. ; 
niaria montcsque, to mulce boundless promises, 
Sail.; c, with double ace, sesc itineri.s pericnlique 
ducem, Sail ; d, with de and the abl., with or 
without the ace, nihil ego turn de nieis opibua 
pollicebar, Cic; e, with infin., obsides dare, 
Cars. ; f, with ace and infin., gen. future, me 
tibi satisfacturum, Cic. ; g, with rel. sent., quae 
ineiini tempua postularet, Cic; h, with adv., 
ultro polliceri, Cic. ; bene, Sail. ; beuigne, Liv. ; 
libel aliter, Cues. II. lisp., of an orator at the 
beginning of his speech, to promise, declare; 
docui quod priinuni pollieitus sum, Cic (partic. 
peif. pass., pollicita tides, Ov.). 

pollicitatio -onis, f. (pollicitor), am offer, 
proffer, promise; luaguis pniemiis pollicitation!- 
busque polliceri, Caes. 

pollicitor, 1. dep. (intens. of polliceor), to 
promise, proffer, Sail. 

pollicitum -i, n. (polliceor), that which is 
promised, a promise, Ov. 

Follio (Polio) -onis, in., C. Asinius, the 

patron of Vergil. 
pollis = pollen -inis (q.v.). 

polluceo -luxi -luotum, 2. I. to jtlace some- 
thing upon the altar as a sacrifice, to offer; 
decumam partem Hercull, Plaut. II. to put on 
the table as a dish., Plant. 

polluo -ui -utuin, 3. (pro and luo), to befoul, 
defile, pollute. I, Lit., ora cruore, Ov. II. 
Transt'., to J'fitc morally, pollute, dishonour ; jura 
scelere, Cic, ; caeriiuonias stupro, Cic. 

pollutus -a -um, p. adj. (from polluo), 
■morally defiled, polluted ; hence (of women), un- 
chaste ; feinina, Liv. 

Pollux -ucis, )ii.(no/\v'J£vin)f) l the I win-brother 
of Castor, son of 'J'yudurus (or Jupiter) and 
Leila, renowned for his skill in boxing, Cic. ; 
Pollux nterque, Castor and Pollux, Hor. 

polus -i, in. (irdAo?). I. the pole of the earth; 
pol us gelidu.s, glacialis, and simply polus, tlis 
north pole, Ov. ; polus austialis, the south pole, 
Ov. II, Transf., the sky, tlu heavens, Verg., 
Hor. 

Polybius -li, m. (IIoAvjSios), a Greek his- 
torian, contemporary and friend of Scipio Afri- 
canus Minor. 

Polyclitus (Polycletus) -i, in. (noAuVAei- 

tos), a celebrated Greek sculptor of Slcyon, con- 
temporary of Pericles. 

Polycrates -is, m. (TtoXvKpdrq^), tyrant oj 
Sumos, fumed for his prosperity, but crucified by 
the Persian satrap Orontea. 

Polydamas -mantis, 111. (UokvSdixas), a 
Trojan, friend of Hector. 

Polydectes -ae, m. (TloAuSex-nj;), ititij; in 
Seriplios, who brought up Perseus. 

P61ydoru8 -i, in. (HoAiJSiopo?), son of 1'iiam, 

entrusted to the care of Potymnestor, king ov 
Thrace, bul dain by him. 



Pol 



424 



pon 



Polygnotus -i, m. (JloXvyvuros), a celebrated 
Greek painter of Thasos, contemporary with 
Socrates. 

Polyhymnia -ae, f. (rioAuVina), one of the 
Muses. 

Polymestor (Polymnestor) -oris, m. 
(no\vfir\<nuip), king in Thrace, husband of Ilione, 
daughter of Priam,; the murderer of Polydorus. 

Polyphemus (-6s) -i, m. (rioAu'^o?), the 
one-eyed Cyclops in Sicily, son of Neptune, blinded 
by Ulysses. 

polypus -i, ni. (7toAi'-ov?, Dor. and Aeol., 
7noAujros, hence with long o in Horace). I. the 
polypus, a marine animal, Ov. II. a polypus in 
the nose, Hor. 

Polyxena -ac, f. (IToAufe'n)), daughter of 
Priam, sacrificed at the tomb of Achilles. 

pomariUS -a -um (pomum), of or relating to 
fruit; subst, A. pomariUS-ii, m. a fruiterer, 
Hor. B. pdmarlum -li, n. a fruit-garden, 
orchard, Cic. 

pomeridianus = postmeridianus (q.v.). 

pomerium -ii, n. (orig. pomoerium, post 
and moerus = murui;), a space left free from build- 
ings for a certain breadth on each side the walls 
of a town, bounded by stones (cippi or termini); 
pomeriuiii intrare, transire, Cic. 

Pometia -ae, f. and Pome+ii -drum, m. 
old town, of the Volsci in, Latium. Hence, 
Pometinus -a -uiu, Pometine. 

pomlfer -ffra -ferum (pomum and fero), 
fruit-bearing, fruit-bringing, Hor. 

Pomona -ae, f. (pomum), the goddess of fruit 
and fruit-trees. 

pomosus -a -um (pomum), full of fruit, 
abounding in fruit, Prop. 

pom pa -ae, f. (tto/xttt)), a solemn procession. 
I. A. Lit., 1, gen., of funerals, Cic; pompam 
fiineris ire, Ov. ; of a wedding, pompam ducit, 
Ov. ; of a triumph, Ov. ; poniparum fereulis 
similes esse, to resemble in gait the bearers at a 
procession, Cic; 2, esp., the procession at the 
Circcnsian dames at which the images of the gods 
were carried. B. Transf., a train, suite, retinue ; 
lu-torum, Cic. II. Fig., display, parade, osten- 
tation; genus (oralionis) poinpac quam pngnae 
aptius, Cic 

Pompeji -drum, m, toion in the south of 
Campania, destroyed, by an eruption of Vesuvius, 
79 a.i>. Hence, adj., Pompejanus -a -un,, 
belonging to Pompeji ; subst., a,P6mpejanum 
-i, n. (sc. praediuni), an estate of Cicero, near 
Pompeji; b, Pdmpejanl -onim, in. the in- 
habitants of Pompeji, 

PompojopoliS -is, f.(\\oixTtiioviro\ts), later i 
name of the town Soli, destroyed by Tigranes, 
rebuilt by Pompejus. 

Pompejus (Pompeius) -a -um, name of 
v Roman gens, the most famous members of which 
were: 1, Cn. Pompejus, triumvir with Caesar 
and Crassus, conqueror of Mithrldates and the 
pirates, defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia and slain 
off Egypt; -2, Pompeja, wife of P. Vatinivs; adj., 
Pompeian; damns, Cic; lex, proposal by On. 
Pompey. Hence, Pompejanus -ji -um, be- 
longing to Pompey; subst., Pompejanus -i, 
ill. a member of the Pompeian party. 

Pompilius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, 

to which Wonged Numa Pompilius, second king 
of Pome, legendary founder of many religious rites 
at Pome. Adj., Pampilian ; sanguis, descendants 
(f Numa Pompilius, Hor. 

pompilUS ■'], m. (tronTTi'Aos), the pilot-fish; 
according' to some, tjic nautilus. Ov. 



Pomponius-a -um, filename of a Roman gens, 
the most famous member of which was T. Pom- 
nonius Attieus, friend of Cicero. 

Pomptinus (Pomtmus) -a -um, Pomp- 
tine or Pontine; pains and paludes, a marshy dis- 
trict, thirty miles long and. twelve to thirteen miles 
wide, exposed to the inundation of the river Amu- 
se nus and Ufens, on theAppian road. Subst., a, 
Pomptinum -i, n. the neighbourhood of the , 
Pontine marsh; b, Pomptina -ae, f. the upper 
end of the Pontine marsh. 

pomum -i, n. I. any kind of fruit, a mul- 
berry, Ov. ; plnr., ponia, fruit, Verg., Hor. II. 
Transf., a fruit-tree, Verg. 

pondero, 1. (pondus). I. to weigh, Plant. 
Il7 Transf., to weigh mentally, to consider, delib- 
erate upon ; verborum delectum, Cic. ; causas, 
Cic 

ponderosus -a -uin (pondus), heavy, weighty, 
ponderous. I. Lit., Plin. II. Transf., weighty, 
significant; epistola, Cic. 

pondo (abl. of obsolete pondus -i), in weight, 
heavy; corona librani pondo, a pound in weight, 
Liv.; used as an indeed, subst., o pound, pounds ; 
argenti pondo viginti milia, Caes. ; ami quinque 
pondo, Cic. 

pondus -eris, n. (pendo), a weight. I. A. 
Lit., 1, a weight usedin a pair of scales ; pondera 
ab Gallis a'llata, Liv.; 2, a pound weight, 
a pound, Liv. B. Transf., 1, abstr., a, the 
weight of any body ; moveri gravitate et pondere, 
Cic; b, balance, equilibrium ; tertius motus 
oritur extra pondus et plagam, Cic; 2, concr., 
a, a heavy body, weight, load, burden ; in terrain 
feruntur omnia pondera, Cic. ; b, a mass — a 
quantity, sum; anri pondus ingens, Liv. II. 
Fig.', A. In a good sense, 1. weight, gravity, 
authority, influence ; comineudationeui magnum 
apnd te pondus liabuissc, Cic. ; 2, weight of 
words or thoughts ; omnium verborum ponder- 
ibns est utendum, Cic B. In a bad sense, an 
oppressive weight, burden ; pondera aniara SCncc- 
tae, Ov. 

pone (perhaps from posne, connected with 
Trim, -n-po?). I. Adv. behind, at thebark; moveri 
et ante, et pone, Cic. II. Prep, with ace, 
behind; pone quos aut ante labantur, Cic. 

pono, pfisui (p6sivi), positum, .'!. (for p5-sIno), 
to lay down, put, place, lay. Constr. with adv. 
of place; with in and abi.; with ad, ante, sub, 
super; poet, with abl. alone. I. Gen., A. Lit., 
1, a, of things, vestigium, Cic. ; tig., pedem 
ubi ponat in suo (regno) non habet, Cic; ponere 
genu, to kneel, Ov. ; ponere scalas, to put up 
ladders, Ones. ; b, of persons, positi vernae 
circa Lares, Hor.; 2, of furniture or too';, to 
laii out, prepare; mensam, Hor.; casses, Ov. ; 
3, to lay, stretch out; art ns ill litore, Verg.; 
somno poaitae, Verg. ; positae det oscula frater, 
laid out, \.c..,dead, Ov. ; 4, to erect a statue in, 
honour of some one ; alicui statnam, Nep. ; esp., 
to consecrate a gift to the nods; coronam auream 
in Capitolio, Liv.; 5, towager in play; pocula 
faglna, Verg.; 6, t. t. of calculators, ponere 
caleuhun, to calcidate, Juv. ; 7, milit. 1. 1., to 
station men, to place ; praesidium ibi, Caes.; 8, 
to remove away to a distant place; pone sub 
enrrn solis, Hor. ; 9, to publish ; cdicttun, Tar. ; 
10 t tnputdown in writing; signa no\ isprneceptis, 
Hor.; 11, partic. perf., pdsitus -a -um, a, of 
snow, etc., fallen ; posita nix, Hor.; b, of places, 
situateil'; Roma in montibus posita, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to place, put, present; aliqnid sub 
uno aspeetn, Cic; 2, to bring, put; aliqtiem 
ponere in gratia npud nliquem, Cic. ; in laude 
positum esse, to be famed. Cic ; 3, to place, build, 
rest; qinneinspem salutis in virtnte, Cic. ; 4, tg 



pon 



423 



pop 



pass lime in some occupation, ; totUm diem in 
eonsideranda causa, Cic. ; 5, to reckon, count; 
mortem In malls, Cic; aliquid in heneficii loco, 
Cic. ; baud in magno disnrimine ponere, to attach 

■no great importance to, Liv. ; with double ace, 
to hold, regard; aliquem principem, Cic; 6, to 
put down in writing, to remark, observe, mention; 
cuius pauca exempla posui, Cic II. A. to lay, 
•place by way of building, making, etc. ; 1, lit. 
a, of building, to erect ; urbem, Verg. ; milit. t.t., 
castra in proximo colic, to pitch one's camp, 
Caes. ; b, of an artist, to represent, picture; 
Orpliea in medio silvasque sequentes, Verg.; 
ponere totum, to present a whole, Hor. ; 2, transf., 

a, to found, place; ponere initia male, Cic; 

b, to fix. settle; leges in conviviis, Cic; ponere 
praemium, to promise a reward, Cic. ; c, to main- 
tain, lay down ; nostnet ipsos commendatos esse 
nobis, Cic. ; d, to pid, ask; quaestinnculam, 
Cic; e, to put '■ a person in some position, or office; 
alicui Rustodem, Caes.; aliquem custodem in 
frumento publico, Cic B. to put food, dainties, 
etc., before one. ; pavonem, merulas, Hor. C. to 
plant ; piros, Verg. D. to deposit ; tabulas testa- 
ment.i ii\ aerario, Caes. E. to lay out money, to 
invest, lend; pecuniam apud aliquem, Cic; in 
praedio, Cic. K. to arrange the hair; comas, 
Ov. G. Of the winds, etc., to lay, to soothe; 
tollere sen ponere vult freta, Hor.; rcfl., ponere, 
of the winds, to lull, Verg. H. to lay aside; 1, 
lit,, librumde inanibus, Cic. ; anna, to lay down, 
Caes. ; and hence, to submit, Caes. ; 2, transf., 
to lay aside, remove, give up ; vitam, Cic. ; vitia, 
Cic. ; dolorem, Cic. ; moras, Verg. ; 3, nant. t.t., 
to throw out anchor; aneoris positis, Liv. (syncop. 
perf. pai'tic, postus, Lucr.). 

1. pons, pontis, m. a bridge, Cic. I. facere 
pontem in Quinine, to bridge over a river, Caes.; 
pontem facere in Tiberi, Liv. ; pontem inter- 
scindere, to cut down, Cic II. Esp., A. a plank 
between a slap and the shore, Verg. B. a draw- 
bridge, Verg. C. the bridge at the comitia over 
which the voters passed singly, to pass into the 
saepta, Cic. D. a, the deck of a ship, Tac. ; 
b, the floor of a toieer, Verg. 

2. Pons, Pontis, as a geographical name. I. 
Pons Argenteus, a place and bridge over the river 
Argenteus in Gallia Narbonensis. II. Pons 
Cainpanus, a bridge on the Via Appia. 

Pontla -ae,f. an Islandoffthe coast ofLatium, 
now Isola di Ponza. Hence, Pontiani -Drum, 
m. the inhabitants of Pontia. 

ponticulus -i, m. (dim. of pons), a little 
bridge, Cic. 

1. Ponticus -a -urn, v. Pontus. 

2. PontlCUS -i, m. a Roman poet, contempor- 
ary and friend of Propertius and Ovid. 

pontifex -flcis, in. (from pons and facio, 
or = pompifex, from poinpa and facio), a pontiff, 
a high priest, pontifex; plur., pontilices, a guild 
of priests at Rome, containing at first four, then 
eight, then fifteen members, the president of which 
was called pontifex maximns; pontilices minores, 
a lower class of pontiffs, assistants to the guild of 
pontilices, Cic. Hence, A. pontificalis -c, 
pontitioid ; auetoritas, Cic. B. pontif icatus 
-us, m. the office of pontiff, the pontificate, (Me. 
C. pontif icius -a -uni, relating to the pon- 
tificate; lihri, Cic; .jus, Cic 

pontificalis, v. pontifex. 
pontif icatus, v. pontifex. 
pontificius, v. pontifex. 

Pontius -a -urn, name of a gens, originally 
Samnite, afterwards Roman, the mostfamotlS mem- 
bers of which were: 1, C. Pontius, commander of 
the Samnitesat Caudium; 2, L, Pontius Aquila, 

14* 



one of the murderers of Caesar ; 3, Pontius Pilatus, 
procurator of Judaea at the time of the crucifixion) 
of Christ. 

ponto -onis, m. (pon=)), a Jlat-bottothtd boat, 

punt, Caes. 

1. pontUS -I, h. (wdi-Tos). I. the deep, depth; 
maris, Verg. II. Meton., A. the deep sea, Verg. 
B. a wave of the sea, Verg. 

2. PontUS -i, m. (ndiTos). I. the Black Sea. 
II. Meton., A. the country on the shores of the 
Black Sea. B. Esp., a district of Asia Minor be- 
tween Bithynia and Armenia, the realm of Mithri- 
dates, later a Roman province, Pontus. Hence, 
Pontious -a -um (IToiTtKos), belonging to Pontus, 
Pontic; mare, the Black Sea, Liv.; serpens, the 
dragon that guarded the golden fleece at Colchis, 
Juv. 

popa -ae, m. the inferior priest or temple- 
servant who sleiv the victims, Cic. 

popanum -i, n. (won-ai/ov), a sacrificial cake, 
Juv. 

popellus -i, m.(dim. of populus), the common 
people, rubble, Hor. 

popina -ae, f. (jre'rrw, wenTa), to cook). I. a 
cook-shop, eating-house, Cic. II. Meton., the 
food sold at an eating-house, Cic. 

popino -onis, m. (popina), the frequenter of 
eating-houses, glutton, Hor. 

poples -Itis, m. I. the ham, hough; suc- 
cidere poplitem, Verg. ; femina poplitesque, Liv. 
II. Meton., the, knee; duplicate poplite, with 
bent knee, Verg. ; contento poplite, with stiff 
knee, Hor. 

Poplicola = Publicola (q.v.). 

poppysma -5tis, n. (nwTrvoyta), and pop- 
pysmus -i, m. (7ron-7rv<rpd?), a clucking of the 
tongue as a sign of approbation, Juv. 

populabilis -e (populor), that can be lakl 
waste, devastated, Ov. 

populabundus -a -um (populor), laying 
waste, devastating, Liv. 

popularis -e (1. populus), belonging to the 
same people or country, native; 1, adj., tiumina, 
Ov.; 2, subst, a, \\t. a fellow-countryman ; Solon 
popularis tuns, Cic. ; b, transf., participator ; 
con.jurationis, Sail. II. belonging to the people, 
relating to the whole state, ' proceeding from the 
state; 1, gen., leges, Cic; admiratio, Cic; 
oratlo, to the people, Cic. ; 2. esp., a, popular, 
agreeable to the people, beloved by the people; b, 
of or relating to the people (as opposed to the 
aristocracy), popular, democratic ; popularis vir, 
a friend of the jieople, Liv. ; homo, Cic. Subst., 
popularcs -ium, in. the popular party, the 
democracy, Cic. 

popularitas -atis, f. (popularis), desire to 
please the people, popular behaviour, Tac. 

populariter, adv. (popularis). I. after the 
manner of the people, commonly, vulgarly; loqui, 
scribere, Cic. II. after the fashion ofafriend of 
the. people, in a popular manner, or, in a bad 
sense, like a demagogue ; agere, Cic. 

populatio -onis, f. (populor), alaying waste, 
devastating, plundering ; populatio agrorum cet- 
erorum, Liv. ; ita libera populatio a tergo erat, 
Liv.; plur., Ve.jentes pleni jam populationum, 
who had had their fill of plundering, Liv. ; 
hosteni populationibus prohibere, Caes. 

populator -oris, m. (populor), a devastator, 
plunderer, Liv. 

populous -a -um (2. populus), of or relating 
to the poplar ; frondes, Verg. 

populifer -fera-ferumX2. populus and fero), 
producing poplars, Ov 



pop 



426 



por 



populiscituin -i, n. a decree of the people, 
Liv. 

Popiilonia -ae, f., Populonium -li, n., 
nml Populonii -onun, in. a town in Etruria, 
now ruing of Poplonia; hence, Populoni- 
enses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Popuionia. 

popiilo, 1. and populor, 1. dop. (1. popii- 
lus), fc lay icaste, devastate, plunder. I. Lit., 
agros, Caes. ; provinciae populatae, Cic. X'i- 
Poet., transf., to destroy, ruin, spoil, rob : popu- 
lat acervum curculio, Verg. ; popuutus hamns, 
robbed of the bait, Ov. 

1. popiilus -i, in. (connected with n-Aijflo;, 
plenus, etc., redupl. populiis, syncop. poplus), 
the people as forming a political community, a 
state. I. Lit., 1, the union of the inhabitant' of 
a district, a Mute, a free stat-c : populi libeii 
. . . reges, Cic; reges ct populi liberi, Sail. ; 
lience, meton., « district, canton ; frequens cul- 
toribns alius popiilus, Liv. ; 2, transf., a crowd, 
host, multitude; fratrum, Ov. II. In narrower 
sense, 1, the sovereign body in a free state, the 
sovereign people; a, eivitns popularis in qua in 
populo sunt omnia, Cic. ; b, esp. in Rome, 
originally the patricians, afterwards the whole 
people, as opp. to the senate; often in the 
phrase, senatus populusqne Romanus, Cic. ; et. 
patres in populi potestate fore, Liv. ; as opp. 
to the plebs, lion populi seil plebis judicium 
esse, Liv. ; often, esp. with historians, the, people 
as a party, tlir democratical parly; populuin a 
senatu disjunctuin, Cic; 2, the people, multi- 
tude; mains poeta de populo, Cic. 

2. popiilus -i, f. the poplar-tree, Verg. 
porca -ae, f. (porcus), a son.'; sometimes 

poet., a pig, hog, Verg. 

porcina -ae, f. (sc. ram), pork, Plant . 

porcinus -a -nm, of or relating to swine, 
Plant. 

Porcius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which wen : 1, M. Porcius 
Cato Censorinus or Major, a severe Censor, afler 
whom Cicero named Ms fork on old age ; 2, M. 
Porcius Cato, the Younger, a contemporary of 
Cicero, called Uticensis, from h is suicide at Utica ; 
3, Porcia, sister of the younger Cato, wife of Do- 
mitius Ahenobarbus. Adj., Vorcian ; lex, for- 
bidding corporal punishment of a Roman citi:en, 
Cic. 

porculus -i, m. (dim. of porcus), re young 
pig, porker, Plant. 

porcus -i, in. a pig, hog; porcus femina, a 
sov>; used as a term of leproach against a 
glutton, Epicuri dc grege porcus, Jlor. 

porgo = porrigo (q.v.). 

Porphyrlo (-on) -onis, m. one of the giants. 

porrectio -onis, f. (porrigo), a stretching 
out, extension. 

porrectus -a -nm, p. adj. (from pnrrigo). 
I. stretched out, extended, bom ; porrectior acics, 
Tac. II. Transf., poet, of time, long; mora, 
Ov. 

porricio -reci and -rexi -rectum, 8. to offer 
sacrifice to ■' ■ gods; pro v., inter cacsa ct por 
recta, between the slaying and the offering »j the 
victim — i.e., "i the eleventh hour, Cic. 

1. porrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (pro and rcgo), 
to stretch out, reach out, extend. I. A. 1, lit., a, 
membra, Cic; mannm, Cic; middle, porrigi, to 
he stretched out, to lie stretched out; corpus por- 
rigitur in novem jugern, Verg.; b, mint. I. t., 
to extend; aeieni, tia.ll. ; c, porrigere manum, 
to hold up the hand in voting; 2, transf., of 
position, scopulus frontein porrigH in aequor, 
Ov. ; porrecta in dorso urbs, Liv. B. Pig., a, 



vertigalia, to increase, Hor.; se porrigere, to ex. 
tend, reach ; quo se tua porrigat ira, Ov. ; b, 
syllabam, to lengthen the quantity of a syllable, 
Ov. II. A. to lay at full length, to lay low ; 
hostem, Liv.; hence, partic, porrectus = dead ; 
senex, Cat. B. Melon., to hob! out to, reach to, 
offer to; 1, lit., dextram regi Deiotaro, Cic; 
gjadiuw nobis, Cic; 2, fig., '" afford, supply; 
praesidium clientibus, Cic. 

S. porrigo -glnis, f. (= prurigo), s/nrfi, dan~ 
driff, Hor. 

porro, adv. (poppai), forward, further. I. Of 
space, at a distance, afar off ; a, with verbs of 
motion, ire, Liv. ; agere arinentuin, Liv. ; b, 
with verbs of rest, inscius Aeneas quae sint ca 
flumina porro, Verg. II. Transf., A. Of time, 
formerly. Cat. B. To express advances from 
one thought to another, then, next, further, 
again, in succession, in turn : saepc audivi a 
senioribus natn, qui se porro pueros a sensibns 
audisse dicebant, Cic; sequitur porro, nihil 
deos ignorare, Cic. 

porrus -i, in. and porrum -i, n. (ttp&vov), 
a leek, Juv. 

Porsena (Pcrsenna) and Porsma 

(PorSinna) -ae, m. (Uop-Ttjca^, Uopiriia<;), king 
of Etruria, who attacked Rome, in order to bring 
back Tarquinius Superbvs; as a formula on the 
sale of booty, bona Porsinae regis veneunt, Liv. 

porta -ae, f. (connected with trepdoj, 7rop0^o.f, 
experior, etc), a gate, city-gate. I. A. Lit., 
with or without lirbis, Cic. ; portas claudere, 
Caes.; porta introire, Cic; pedem porta noil 
extulisse, Cic B. Transf., any place of ingress 
or egress, door, gate of a camp; porta deciimana, 
Caes.; porta Taenaria (where Hercules entered 
the lower world), ( >v. ; portae jecoris, Cic II. 
Fig., quibus e port is ocenrri cuique deceret, 
by wlutt ways or means, Lucr. 

portatlO -onis, f. (porto), a carrying, eon- 
crying ; armorum, Sail. 

portendo -tendi -tentum, 3. (pro-tendo), to 
indicate, predict, presage, forbade, portend; inag- 
nitudineui imperii portendens prodigium, Liv.; 
dii periculum portendunt, Liv. 

portentifer -fSra -ferum (portentum and 
fero), bringing prodigies, Ov. 

portentiflcus -a -um (portentum and fae.io), 
extraordinary, supernatural, marvellous, miracu- 
lous; venena, Ov. 

portentOSUS -a -nm (portentum), extra- 
ordinary, prodigious, portentous, monstrous, un- 
natural; nata, abortions, Cic. 

portentum -i, n. (portendo). I. o prodigy, 
portent, Cic II. Transf., A. a wonderful story, 
extravagant tale; poetanun et pictorum, Ci3. 
B. a monster, monstrosity; hominum pecud 
unique portenta, Cic; so of "a monster of de- 
: ," portentum rcipublicae (of Piso), Cic. 

porthmcus -8i and -i'^, m. (7rop"uevs), a 
ferryman (of Charon), .in v. 

porticula -ae, f. (dim. of portions), a little 
gallery or portico, Cic. 

porticus -us, f. (porta), u portico, colonnade, 
arcade, gallery-. I. 1, lit., a, quuin paiillnluin 
inambulavissel in porticu, Cic; b, the hall of 
fustice, tribunal of the praetor, Cic; 2, meton., 
the Stoic -■•honi (so named from aroa, a porch), 
the Stoics; claniat Zeno et tota ilia porticus 
tumulluatur. II. Transf., plur. portiens, gal- 
leries t" protect the besiegers of a place. Caes. 

portio -onis, f. (mot POR, Or. nOP-»), re 

part, portion, section, division- I. Lit.., I'lin. 
II. Transf., proportion, ratio; pro portione, in 
proportion, proportionally, Cic. 



por 



427 



pos 



l. portitor -oris, in. (portus), a custom-house 
officer, collector of customs, Cic. 

3. portitor -oris, in. (root POR-o, whence 
porto), a carrier ; and usually, a boatman, ferry- 
man ; Charon, Verg. 

porto, 1. (root POR-o, IlOP-u, whence fero, 
portus), to bear, carry, convey, briny. I. Lit., 
concrete objects, 1, gen., a, things, (a) onera, 
Caes. ; omnia lnecum porto mea, Cic; with abl. 
or abl. and prep., in trimnpho Massiliani, a 
representation of Massilia, Cic. ; with adv., or 
prep., or ace, multa undique portari, Caes. ; 
Romae donmni ad Antoniuin frunientuui, Cic. ; 
viaticum ad hosteni, Cic. ; 08) of things as 
subjects, portans in corpore virus lolligo, Ov. ; 
b, persons, lectica portari, Cic. II. Transf.. 
with abstract objects, sociis atque ainicis auxilia 
portabant, Sail.; has spes cogitationesque seenni 
portantes, Liv. 

portorium -li, n. (POR-o, porto), customs, 
tax on imported and exported goods ; portoriiun 
vini institucre, Cic. ; exigere portorium, Cic. ; 
portorium locare, to let out the duties to farm, 
Cic. 

portula -ae, f. (dim. of porta), a little gate, 
postern, Liv. 

Fortunus -i, m. (portus), the god of harbours 
(identified with the Greek Palaemon) ; hence, 
Poi tunaiia -iuni, n. the festival of Portunus, 

on the \~th of August. 

portuosus -a -um (portus), having many 
harbours, abounding in ports; superum mare, 
Cic. ; navigatio minime portuosa, without har- 
bours, Cic. 

portUS -us, m. (POR-o, whence port"), a 
harbour, port, haven. I. 1, lit., portus Caietae 
ceieberrimns, Cic. ; e porta solvere, Cic. ; in 
portum pervehi, Cic. ; as a place for levying 
duties, in portu operam dare, to he a custom- 
house officer, Cic. ; prov., in portu esse, navigare, 
to lie out of danger, Cic. ; 2, transf., the estuary 
of a river, Ov. II. Fig., a place of refuge, 
harbour, haven; nationum portus et refugium 
senatus, Cic. ; se in plulosophiae portum con- 
ferre, Cic. 

poscaenium -li, n. (post and seaena), the 
theatre behind the scenes; fig., poscaenia vitae, 
the secret actions of men, Lucr. 

POSCO, pfiposci, 3. (pet-seo, from peto), to 
ash earnestly, request strongly, demand. I, Gen., 
A. Of persons, pugnam, Liv. ; argentnni, Cic. ; 
with ctli. flat, audariae partes sibi, Cic. ; with 
ace. and ab with abl., luunus ab aliquo, Cic. ; 
with double ace, magistratuin Sicyonium imm- 
mos poposcit, Cic. ; absol., poscimur, we are 
asked for a, song, Hor. ; with ut and the subj., 
Tac. ; with ace. and infln., Ov. B. Transf., of 
things, to demand, require; quod res posccre 
videbatur, Caes. II. Esp., A. to demand for 
judgment, require to be given up; accusant ii, 
quos populus jussit, Cic." B. to challenge to fight; 
nliquem in proclia, Verg. ; so absol., transf., 
poscunt majoribus poculis, challenge one another, 
Cic. C. to inquire; causas, Verg. D. to call ; 
1, poseor Olympo, heaven summons me to battle, 
Verg. ; 2, to call upon ; tua numina posco, 
Verg. _. 

Posidonius -ii, m. (Hoo-eiSuifioj), a Stoic 
philosopher, pupil of Panaetius and teacher of 
Cicero. 

positio -onis, f. (pono), a placing, putting; 
caeli, climate, Tac. 

positor -oris, m. (pono), a founder, builder, 
Ov. 

posltura -ae, f. (pono), position, situation, 
place, 2x>slure, Lucr. 



positus -us, m. (poim). I. position, place ; 
urbis, Ov. ; regionis, Tac. II. arrangement of 
the hair, Ov. 

possessio -finis, f. (possideo). I. posses- 
sion; a, lit, fundi, Cic; possessionem heredi- 
tatis alicui dare, cripere, Cic. ; aliquem niovere, 
demovere de possessiono, Cic. ; b, fig., pru- 
dentiae doctrinaeque, Cic. II. lueton., that 
which is possessed, a possession, property ; paternae 
atque avitae possessiones, Cic. 

possessiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of possessio), 
a little possession, small property, Cic. 

possessor -oris, m, (possideo), a possessor. 

1. Gen., locorum, Cic. II. Esp., a possessor of 
land ; possessor agroruni, Liv. ; absol., Cic. 

possideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (potis and sedeo), 
to possess, have, liold. I. A- Lit., ex edicto, 
bona, Cic. B. Fig., ingenium, Cic. II. 
Transf., to occvjnj a place by force, beset; forum 
armatis catervis perditorum hominmn, Cic. 

possido -sedi -sessum, 3. (potis and sido), 
to take possession of, occupy. I. Lit., bona sine 
testamento, Cic. II. Fig., totum hominem 
totamque eius praeturam, Cic. 

possum, nOtfii, posse (potis and sum), lobe 
able, I (thou, lie, etc.) can. I, Gen., facere ut 
possem, Cic.; potest, fieri ut fallar, / may be 
■mistaken, Cic. ; fieri non potest ut non or quin, 
it cannot but be that, Cic. ; ut nihil ad te dem. 
litterarum, facere non possum, / cannot help 
writing to you, Cic; si potest, if it is possible, 
Cic. ; qui potest? how is it possible? Cic. ; with 
superl., Caesari cominendaviut gravissime potui, 
as strongly as I could, Cic. II. Esp., to avail, 
be efficacious, have influence ; a, of persons, apud 
Sequanes plurimnm, Caes. ; quum omnia se 
posse censebat, thought himself all-powerful , Cic; 
b, of tilings, plus potest apud te pecuniae 
cupiditas, Cic. 

post(= ponst, from pone). I. Adv. behind. 
A. Of place, behind, in the rear; qui post 
erant, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of time, after, after- 
wards, subsequently; multis post annis, many 
years afterwards, Cic; aliquanto post, shortly 
afterwards, Cic; nuilto. post, long after, Cic; 

2, of the order of succession, prinio . . . post, 
Cic. II. Prep, with ace. A, Of place, be~ 
hind; post nostra castra, Caes. B. Transf., 1, 
of time, after; post Brutum consulein, Cic; 
foil, by quam, post diem tertium . . . quam 
dixerat, Cic ; 2, of order, next to ; erat Lydia 
post Chloen, Hor. 

postea, adv. (post and abl. eS), after, after 
that, afterwards; postea aliquanto, Cic; quid 
postea? what then ? what next ? Cic. 

posteaquam, conj. after that : with indie; 
(a) with perf., posteaquam victoria consti- 
tnta est, Cic ; (/3) with pluperf., posteaquam 
bis consul fuerat, Cic. ; (y) with imperf., postea- 
quam e scena explodebatur, Cic. ; (6) with pies., 
posteaquam in Formiano sum, Cic. 

poster!, v. posterns. 

posterius, v. posterns. 

posteritas -atis, f. (posterns). I. the. future; 
habere rationem posteritatis, Caes. ; posteritatis 
otio consulere, Cic. II. future generations, 
after-ages, posterity; omnium seculornni, Cic; 
posteritati servive, Cic. ; invidia posteritatis, 
Cic. 

posterus (poster) -a -um, compar., post- 
erior -us ; superl., postremus and postu- 
mus -a -um (post). I. Posit., subsequent. e tiling, 
following, next, future ; lit., postern die, Cic; 
in postenim./ur tlw next day, and for tiie future, 
Cic; subst.. poster! -orum, in. posterity. II. 
Compar.; posterior -us, 1, following after. 



pos 



428 



pot 



vert in order, later, posterior; posteriores eogit- 
at.iones, second thoughts, Cic. ; paulo aerate post- 
erior, Cic; neut. adv., postering = later, Cic; 
2, transf., inferior, worse ; nihil posterius, Cic. 
III. Superl., postremus ami postumus 
-a -uni. A. postremus, the hindmost, last; 1, 
lit., pngina, tic. ; acies, Sail. ; hoc non in post- 
rciuis, Cic. ; abl., postrcmo, at last; primum . . . 
deinde . . . postrcmo, Cic; postrenmm, for 
the last time, Cic ; 2, transf., of position and 
value, tlie worst, most pitiable ; homines, Cic. B. 
ad postremniii, at last, lastly; me ton., the last ; 
postumus a -urn, the last, last-born (esp. of 
children born after the father's will or death), 
posthumous; proles, Verg. ; subst., postumus 
-i, in., Cic. 

postfero -ferre, to esteem less, consider of less 
account ' ; libertati plebis suas opes, Liv. 

postgeniti -6rum, m. (post and gigno), 
posterity, descendants, Hor. 

posthabco -Hi -itum, 2. to esteem less, make 
of less account ; omnibus rebus posthabitis, Cic. 

posthac, adv. hereafter, after this, in future, 
Cic. 

posticus -a -um (post), hiiuler, back, behind. 
I. Adj., partes aedium, Liv. II. Subst., post- 
icum aedium, a back-door, Liv. 

postilio -Shis, f. (postulo), the demand of a 
deity for o sacrifice, Cic. 

postilla, adv. after, afterwards, Cat. 

postis -is, m. a post, door-post. I. Lit., 
postern tenere (of a person who consecrated a 
temple), Cic. II. Plur., meton., poet., a door, 
gate, Verg. 

postliminium -li, n. (post ami limcn), n re- 
t.tri. home, jxistl iminy ; the resumption hyajirisoncr 
of war of his civil rights, which were in abeyance 
during his captivity ; ei esse postliminium, Cic; 
gen. abl., postliminio, by right of postliminy; 
redire, Cic. 

postmeridianus (pdmeYidianus) -a 

•am (post and meridianns), belonging to the 
afternoon, afternoon ; tempus. Cic. 

postmodo and postmodum, adv. after, 

afterwards, Liv. 

postpone -pSsfli -posltum, 3. to esteem less, 
consider of less account, put after ; omnia, Cic. ; 
aliqueni alieui, Ov. ; omnibus rebus postpositis, 
Cic. 

postqunm, conj. after, after that, as soon, 
as; a, with indie, (a) gen. with perf., postquam 
Caesar perverfifc, Caes. ; (j3) with pluperf,, un- 
decimo die, postquam a te disceascram, Cic. ; 
(y) with pres., Hostilia curia minor mihi esse 
videtur, postqiram est major, Cic; (6) with 
Jmperf., postquam auiici non poterant vineere 
etc'., Cic; b, with historic intin., postquam 
exui aequalitus, Tac. 

postremo, v. posterns. 

postremum, v. posterns. 

postremus -a -um, superl, of posterns 

(q.v.). 

postridie, adv. (for posteri iliei), the day 

after, the following day, on. the next day ; prima 
luce postridie* Caes. ; foil, by qiiani, postridie 
qtintn a vobis discessi, Cic. ; with ace, Indus, 
the. day after the games, Cic. ; with genii., post- 
ridie eins diei, Caes. 

postriduo -- postridie (q.v.). 

postscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to write 
after, Tac. 

. postiilatlo -onis, f. (postulo), a request, 
entreaty, demand. I. Gen., ignoscendi, for par- 
don, Cic. ; concedere postulationi eius, Cic II. 



Legal t, 1., an application to the praetor to allow 
a complaint or charge to be brought, Cic. 

postulatum -i, n. (postulo), a demand, 
request, Cic. 

postulatus -fls, m. (postulo), a legal com- 
plaint, accusation, Liv. 

postullo = postilio (q.v.). 

postulo, 1. (=posculo, from posco). to 
demand, beg, entreat, ask, request. I. Gen., (o) 
with ace, auxilinni, Cic. ; (0) with double ace, 
haec quum prnetorcm postlllabas, Cic ; (y) with 
ut or ne or ut ne and the sulij., postulat abs te 
ut Bomam rem rejicias, Cic; with sul)j. alone, 
qui postularent, cos sibi dederent, Caes. ; (fi) 
with intin., or aec. and intin., dicendo vinceic 
non postulo, Cic ; hie postulat Roinae se 
absolvi, Cic; with noiu. and intin. pass., bona 
possideri postularentnr, Cic; (e) absol. and 
transf., of things or subjects, quum tempus 
necessitasqnc postulat, Cic II. Esp., legal 
1. 1., a, to demand from the praetor against some 
cm; judicium, Cic; b, to impeach, accuse; 
aliqueni de ambitu, Cic. ; aliqueni niajestatis, 
Cic 

Postumius -a -um, name nf a Roman gens, 
the. most celebrated members of which irere : I,- the 
consul p. Postumius Tubertus, conqueror of the 
Salines; 2, A. Postumius Tubertus, dictator, 
wlio ordered the execution of his own son for figlit- 
ing against orders ; poet, form, Postumus ; adj., 
1'ostumian, and henee, Postumianus -a -um, 
Postumian. 

1. postumus -a -ran, superl. of posterns 

(q.v.). 

2. Postumus, v. Postumius. 
Postverta (Postvorta) -ae, f. (post and 

verto), the goddess of childbirth, invoked incase 
of an irregular presentation, Ov. 

potatio -onis, f. (poto), a drinking-bout ; 
hesterna ex potatione oscitantes, Cic. 

potator -oris, m. (poto), a drinker, Plant. 

pote, v. potis. 

potens -entis, p. adj. (from possum). I.poicrr- 
ful in, having power over. A. neque .ill bend i neque 
vetandi, Tac. B. 1, capable, of; armorum ten- 
endorum, Liv.; 2, mighty, influential; civis, 
civitas, Cic; subst., a powerful person, Liv.; 
plur., Cic ; 3, of things, powerful, efficacious ; 
nihil est potentius aura, Ov. ; 4, master of, lord 
<<f ; potentes rerum suaruni eturbis, Liv. ; duni 
mei potens sum, as long as I am my own master, 
Liv.; Diva potens Cypri, riding over Cyprus, 
Hor. ; fig., potens sui, having command over one- 
self, temperate, Hor. ; potens irae, able to con- 
trol one's anger, Liv. II. that which has obtained 
something; voti, Ov. ; iussi, having fulfilled the 
command, Ov. 

potentatus -us, in. (potens), political power, 
supremacy, ( i>'. 

potonter, adv. (potens). I. powerfully, 
strongly, efficaciously, Hor. II, according to 
One's power, Hor. 

1. potentia -ne, f. (potens), power, might, 
ability. I. Physical, 1, lit., solis, Verg.; 2, 
transf., efficacy, potency ; herbarum, Ov. II. 
political power ; a, influence, authority; erant in 
magna potentia qui eonsulebantur, Cic; b, 
supremacy, ride ; rerum, Cic. 

2. Potentia -ae, f. a town hi 1'ireninn, on 
the river FUrris, now, perhaps, Monte Santo. 

potcstas -atis, f. (possum), power. I. Gen., 

might, strength, efficacy; herbarum, Verg. II. 
power to do something, power over something. A. 
1, gen., habere potestatem vitae necisque in 
aliqueni, Cic ; esse in potestate senatus, Cic. ; 



pot 



Nv 



429 



prae 



txteae ex or he potestate (sc. mentis), to lose Ike 
control of one's reason, Cic. ; 2, esp., a,^politicul 
power, supremacy, dominion ; esse in alieuius 
ditione ae potestate, Cic; b, the power, au- 
thority of a magistrate, official authority, office; 
(a) lit. , praetoria, Cic; dare alicui potestatem 
legati, Cic ; (/3) meton., the magistracy itself; 
iinpeiia et potentates, military and civil com- 
mands, Cic B. might, power, ability, oppor- 
tunity, jiossibility, occasion; data est potestas 
augendiio dignitatis, Cic; faeere potestatem 
alicui, (a) to give art opportunity of fighting, 
Caes. ; (/3) to allow access to oneself, grant an in- 
terview, Caes. ; potestas est, it is possible, with 
ill tin., non fugis nine praeeeps dutn praecipitare 
potestas, Verg. 

1. potio -onis, L (poto), a drinking, draught, 
potion. I. Gen., Cic. II. a, a draught of 
poison, Cic ; b, a love-draught, philtre, Hor. 

2. potio, 4. (potis), to put any one in the 
power of; aliqueni servitutis, to reduce to slavery, 
Plant. 

1. potior, 4. dep. (potis). I. to get, get pos- 
session, become partaker of, obtain; with abl., 
urbe, Cic; victoria, Caes.; with genit., illius 
vegni, Cic ; with ace, urbem, Cic. II. to possess, 
have, be master of; with abl., niari, Liv. ; with 
genit., rerum, Cic. (potior has some forms from 
the third conjug., potitur, Verg. ; potfremur, 
Ov. ; potSrentui', Liv.). 

2. potior, v. potis. 

potis, potS (root POT, whence Se<r-7rdnjs, 
compos, etc.). I. Adj., compar., potior -us ; 
superl., potissimus -a -um. A. Posit., able, 
capable; usually in the phrase potis est, he can, 
is able ; potis est vis ulla tenere, Verg. ; nee 
potis est cerni, nor is it possible to distinguish, 
Lucr. ; neut., pote est, Cat. ; pote = pote esse, 
hoc quidquam pote impurius, Cic. B. Compar., 
potior -us, preferable, better ; cives potiores 
quam peregrini, Cic. ; potior patre, Cic ; mors 
servitute potior, Cic C. Superl., potissimus 
-a -um, best of all, chief, principal ; quid potis- 
simuin sit, Cic II. Adv., only iu compar., 
potius, and superl., potissimum. A. corn- 
par., potius, rather, more, preferably; magnus 
(homo) vel potius summus, Cic. ; potius quam, 
foil, by ut and snbj., or simply subj., Cic. ; with 
verbs expressing a comparison, emori potius 
quam servire praestaret, Cic. B. Superl. , potis- 
simum (potissime), chiefly, above all, Cic. 

potissime, potissimum, v. potis. 

potito, 1. (intens. of poto), to drink fre- 
quently, drink hard, Plant. « 

potius, v. potis. 

Potniae -arum, f. (UotvlclC), a place in Boeotia 
mi the river Asopus, the pastures of which were 
said to make amimals that grazed them mad. 
Hence, Potnias -adis, f. belonging to Potniae ; 
equae, Ov., quadrigae, Verg., the team of horses 
which threw out and killed their master Glaucus. 

poto, potavi, potatum and pOtum, 1. to 
drink. I. Lit., 1, aquas, Ov.; absol., hue veniunt 
potum juvenci, Verg.; 2, to drink, revel; lotos 
dies potabatur, Cic II. Transf., to absorb, suck 
in; potantia vellera fucum, Hor.; partic, a, 
ptous -a -uin, (a) pass., drunk, drunk up, 
drained; sanguine poto, Cic; poti faece tenus 
cadi, Hor.; (0) act., having drunk, drunken; 
anus, Hor.; bene potus, Cic; b, poturus 
-a -um, Prop. 

potor -oris, in. (poto), a drinker. I. aquae, 
Hor. ; Rhodani, a dweller by the Rhone, Hor. 
II. a tippler, drunkard, Hor. 

potrix -icis, f. (potor), a female tippler, 
Phaedr, ,1 



■ yotulentub -a -um (poto), drinkable, pot- 
able; hence, subst., potulenta -drum, things 
that can be drunk, drinkables ; eseulenta efc 
potulenta, Cic 

1. pdtUS, v. poto. 

'J. potus -us, in. (poto). I. a drinking ; im- 
nioderatus, Cic II. Meton., a draught, that 
which is drunk, drink ; cibi potusque, Ter. 

prae, adv. and prep, (old dat. fern., like 
pro, dat. neut., from * prus -a -um, formed 
from per). I. Adv. before, iu front; i prae, 
Plaut., Ter. II. Prep, with abl., A. before; 
prae se pugionem tulit, Cic ; prae so arnientum 
agens, Liv.; tig., prae se ferre, to show, exhibit, 
betray, discover, manifest; scelus, Cic; vocem, 
Cic. B, Transf., 1, in comparison with, com- 
pared with ; Attieos prae se agrestes putat, Cic; 
prae nobis lieatus, Cic; 2, on account of, be- 
cause of, in. consequence of; nee loqui piae 
maerore potuit, Cic. ; prae inetii, Cic. ; prae ixa, 
Liv. 

praeacfio (-ui) -utum, 3. to^sharpen to a 
point; gen. in partic, praeacutus -a -um, 
sharpened to a point, pointed ; sudes, Sail.; sti- 
pites, Caes. 

praealtus -a -um. I. very high; rapes, 
Liv. II. very deep ; ftumen, Liv. 

praebeo -bfti -bitura (= pvaeliibeo, from 
prae and habeo). I. to offer, hold out; crus 
alteram, Cic; os ad contumeliam, Liv.; manuin 
verberibus, Ov. II. Transf., A. to expose; se 
telis hostium, Liv. B. to show, give ; operaui 
alicui, to serve, Liv. ; reflex., with or without se, 
to show oneself, prove oneself; with ace of pre- 
dicate, misericordem se praebuit, Cic; se virum, 
Cic; in eos se severum vehementemquc, Cic. ; 
utrisque se aequum, Cic. C. to furnish, supply, 
afford; alicui naves, Liv.; rebus adversis per- 
fugium ac solatium, Cic ; hence, a, to offer, 
present, cause, bring about ; specienl horribilem, 
Caes. ; modum, to make music, Ov. ; b, toedlow ; 
praebuit ipsa rapi, Ov. 

praebibo -bibi, 3. to drinkbefore, to drink to ; 
ei cui veneuum praebiberat, Cic 

praebitor -oris, m. (praebeo) = n-apoxos, a 
furnisher, supplier, one who in the provinces fur- 
nished officials with necessaries, Cic. 

praecalidus -a -um, very hot, Tac. 

praecanus -a -um, prematurely grey, Hor. 

praecaveo -c&vj -cautum, 2. I. Intransit., 
to take precaution beforeliand, to be on one's guard, 
to be careful ; providens et praecavens, Cic ; ab 
insidiis, Liv. ; with dat., to take care for some 
person's safety; decemviris ab ira et impetu 
uiultitudinis, Liv.; with ne and the subj., id ne 
acclderet, sibi praecavendum existimabat, Caes. 
II. Transit., to beware of, guard against before- 
hand, seek to avert; quod a me ita praeeautum 
est, Cic. ; peccata, quaedifficillime praecaventur, 
Cic 

praecedo -cessi ^cession, 3. to go before, pre- 
cede. I. Lit., 1, intransit., praecedens consulis 
tili us, Liv.; cum equite, Liv.; 2, transit., 
aginen, Verg. II. Transf., A. Of time, to go 
before, precede ; fama loquax praecessit ad aurcs 
tuas, Ov. B. Of rank, etc., to surpass, be before; 
reliquos Gallos virtute, Caes. ; vestros honores 
rebus agendis, Liv. 

praecellens -entis, p. adj. (from praecello), 
excellent, admirable, distinguished, surjxissing ; 
vir et animo et virtute praecellens, Cic ; vir 
omnibus rebus praecellentissimus, Cic. 

praecello, 3. (prne and * cello), to surpass, 
excel, exceed; a, absol., gravitate morum, Tac; 
b, with ace or dat, aliquam fecunditate, Tac; 
genti, had the supremacy over, Taa 



prae 



430 



prae 



. praecelsus -a -uin, very high, very lofty; 
rupes, Verg. 

praecentlo -Onis, f. (praecino), a musical 
'prelude, playing before a sacrifice, Cic. 

praeceps -clpftis (prae and caput), headlong, 
headforemost. I. Adj., A. Of motion, 1, lit., 
.'a, of persons, (a) aliquem praecipitem dejicere, 
Cic; praeceps in terrain datus, Li v. ; (f)) in 
haste, hasty, quick ; praecipites columbae, Verg. ; 
praecipites se fugae niandabant, Caes. ; praeceps 
fertur, Cie. ; b, transf., (o) of things, hasty, 
precipitate; profectio, Cic; celeritas dicendi, 
Cic; 03) of time, declining; praeceps dies, Liv.; 
praeceps aetas. Sail. ; 2, tig., a, of persons, 
blind, rash, headlong ; agunt eum praecipitem 
poeuae civium Romanormn, Cic. ; homo in 
omnibus ccnsiliis praeceps, Cic. ; praeceps in- 
genio in irate, inclined to, Liv. ; b, of things, 
circumstances, etc., dangerous; libertas, Liv.; 
lubricum genus orationis adulescenti nou 
acriter inteliegenti est saepe praeceps, Cic B. 
Of rest, 1, adj., of places, steep, precipitous ; 
Jocus, Caes. ; saxa, Liv. ; tig., iter ad flnitimum 
malum praeceps ac lubricum, Cic; 2, subst., 
praeceps -cipitis, n. a steep place, precipice; 
in praeceps deferri, Liv.; fig., clanger; prope 
t ota in reinpublicam in praeceps dederat, Liv. 
II. Adv., vim mortalium praeceps trahit, drags 
headlong, Tac . 

praeceptlo -Onis, f. (praecipio), 1, a pre- 
conception, Cic; 2, a precept; Stoicorum, Cic. 

praeceptor -oris, m. (praecipio), a teacher, 
instructor, preceptor; Vivendi atque dicendi, Cic. 

praeceptrix -trids, f. (praeceptor), she that 
teaches; qua (sapieutia) praeceptrice, Cic. 

praeceptum -i, n. (praecipio), a precept, 
command, rule, ordinance, injunction; medic- 
orum, philosophorum, rhetorum, Cic. ; Latine 
loquendi, Cic. ; praecepta dare, Cic 

praecerpo -cerpsi -cerptum, 3. (prae and 
carpo), to pluck prematurely, gather before the 
time. L Lit., messes, Uv. it. Fig., to lessen 
or take aivay ; fruotum oflicii tui, Cic. 

praecido -cidi -clsum, 3. (prae and caedo). 
I. to cut off in front, cut off. A. Lit., alicui 
caput, Liv. ; fistulas (aquae), Cic. ; ancoras, to 
cut the cables, Cic. B. Fig., 1, to cut short, to 
cut, abbreviate, abridge; brevi praecidam, I will 
express myself briefly, Cic. ; praccide, make it 
short, Cic; 2, to take away, -deprive of; sibi 
redituni, Cic; 3, to refuse point blank; plane 
sine exceptione, Cic. II. to ciU in pieces. A. 
Lit., canem, Liv. ; cotem novacula, Cic. B. 
Fig., to break off suddenly; amicitias magis 
decere diluere quant repente praecidere, Cic. 

praecuictus -a -urn, partic. of praecingo. 

praecingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. to gird, sur- 
round with a girdle; middle, praecingi, to gird 
oneself, Cic. Partic, recte praecincti pueri, 
Hor. ; altius ac nos praecincti, girded higher v.p, 
i.e., more rapid travellers, Hor. 

praecino -ceclniaud -cluui -centum, 3. (prae 
and cano). I. Intransit., A. to sing or play 
before; a, of musical instruments (esp. the flute), 
epulis magistratuum fides praceinunt, Cic. ; b, 
of flute-players, praecinere sacriticiis or sacris, 
Liv. B. to sing an incantation, Tib. II. 
Transit., to prophesy, predict; magnum aliquid 
deos populo Romano praecinere, Cic. 

praecipes -is = praeceps (q.v.). 

praeoiplo -cepi -ceptum, 3. (prae and capio), 
to take before, get before, receive in advance. I. 
Lit., pecuniain mutuam, Cic; iter, to get the 
ctort, Liv. ; si lac praeceperit aestus, if the heat 
dries the milk beforehand, Verg. ; praecipitur 
tfges, ripens wo fuse, Ov. . H, Trau>f'., A. :o 



take beforehand, anticipate; praecipio gaudia 
supplicioium vestrorum, I enjoy in anticipation, 
ap. Cic ; annuo victoriaiu, Caes. ; consilia host- 
iuin, know beforehand, Cic B. Esp., to tell 
beforehand, to write beforehand; a, to instruct, 
advise, warn, prescribe, admonish, charge, com- 
mand; hoc tibi praecipio, Cic; with ut or no 
and the subj., illud potius praecipieitduni fuit 
ut, etc., Cic; with subj. alone, Sail.; Willi 
infin., temporibus parere, Cic. ; absol., ut erat 
praeceptum, Cues.; b, to teach; arteiu, Uv. ; 
alicui rationem tempestatuin, Cic ; praecipe 
cantus, Hor.; absol., to be a teacher, to give in- 
struction; de eloquentia, Cic. 

praecipitanter, adv. (praecipito), head- 
long, headforemost, precipitately, Lucr. 

praecipito, 1. (praecepsl. I. Transit., to 
cast down headlong. A. 1, lit., sese Leucade, 
Cic. ; sese in fossas, Caes. ; pass., praecipitari, 
in middle sense, to cast oneself down, ball.; poet., 
lux praecipitatur aquis, sinks beneath the waves, 
Ov. ; 2, transf., partic, praecipitatus, drawing 
to a close, Ov. ; nox praecipitata, Ov. B. Fig., 
a, to cast down ; aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis 
gradu, Cic; to cast to the ground, destroy, ruin ; 
reinpublicam, Liv.; b, pass., praecipitari, as 
middle, to rush into; in insidias, Liv.; hence, 
(a) to hurry away; furor iraque lneutem prae- 
cipitant, Verg.; (0) to hasten; moras omnes, 
Verg.; (y) to press on; with infin., dare tempus 
sociis hiunaiidis, Verg. II. Intransit., to fall 
down, to sink violently. A. 1, lit., Nilus prae- 
cipitat ex montibus, Cic ; in fossam, Liv. ; 2, 
transf., to draw to a close, hasten to the end; sol 
praecipitans, declining, Cic. ; hiems jam prae- 
cipitaverat, was drawing to a close, Caes. B. 
Fig., a, j>raecipitantem impellere, to give a 
push to a falling man, to knock a man when he , 
is down, Cic. ; praecipitare ad exitium, Cic. ; ' 
respublica praecipitans, hastening to its fall, 
Cic ; b, to fall into; in amorem, to fall in love, 
Plant, 

praecipiie, adv. (praecipuus), especially, 
chiefly, particularly, principally, Cic. 

praecipuus -a -am (prae and capio). I. 
peculiar, especial ; mihi consuli praecipuum fuit 
praeter alios, Cic. ; in communibus miseriis 
praecipuo quodam dolore angi, Cic. Subst., 
praecipuum -i, n. a special right, a preroga- 
tive, Cic. II. excellent, distinguished, extraor- 
dinary, especial; a, quos praecipuo semper 
honore Caesar habuit, Caes. ; Datura ingenerat 
praecipuum quendam amorem, Cic. ; praecipuus 
toro [distinguished by a seat of honour) Aeneas, 
Ver£. Subst., praecipuum -i, n. pre-eminence, 
superiority ; homini praecipui a natura nihil 
datum esse, Cic. ; plnr., praecipua -drum, n. 
= n-po»)-yneVa, things (in tiie Stoic philosophy) 
that come next to the greatest good ; b, especially 
suited for ; praecipuus ad pericula, Tac. 

praeoise, adv. (praecisus). I. briefly, in 
few words; id praecise dicitur, Cic. It. abso- 
lutely, decidedly; negare, Cic. 

praecisus -a -urn, p. adj. (from praecido). 
I. steep, abrupt, precipitous ; saxa, Verg. It. 
Rhet. t. t., short, brief, broken off, Cic. 

praeclare, adv. (praeclarus). I. very 
plainly, very clearly; intelligere, Cic; ex- 
plicare, Cic. II. admirably, excellently; gerere 
negotium, Cic. : meminisse, Cic. ; facere, to do 
something remarkable, Cic. 

praeclarus -a -um, very bright, very bril- 
liant. I. Lit., lux, Lucr. II. Fig., 1, noftfe, 
illustrious, remarkable, distinguished, excellent, 
admirable, famous; gens bello praeclara, Verg.; 
situs (urbis), Cic; indoles, Cic; praeclarfssimi 
conatus, Cic; subst., ptaeclara -orum, n- 



prae 



431 



prae 



valuables, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, notorious ; 
seeleribus ferox atque praeclarus, Sail. 

praccludo -clfisi -cliisum, 3. (prae and 
chimin). I. Lit., to close in front, lo shut up, to 
dose; praecludere portus eonsuli, Cues. II. 
TransL, /■) close to any one, deprive of access to; 
sibi curiam, Cic. ; mantiinos cur.sus, Cic.; voceni 
alicui, tostap a person's mouth, Liv. 

praeco -onis, m. I, a public crier, herald{iu 

a court of justice, at public assemblies, at auc- 
tions) ; per praeconeni venders aliqoid, Cic. ; 
fundum sub.jicere praeconi, bring to the hammer, 
Liv. II. .Transf., a publisher, herald, one who 
praises; virtutis, Cic. 

praecogito, 1. to think? meditate, consider 
carefully beforehand ; multo ante facinus, Liv. 

praecognosco (-cognovi) -cognitum, 3. to 
learn beforehand; praecoguito nostro adventu, 
ap. Cic. 

praecolo -coliii -cultum, 3. to cultivate be- 
fore, fig. I. aiiiini praeculti rectis studiis et 
artibus, Cic. II. to honour highly, to revere; 
nova et ancipitia, Tac. 

praocompositus -a -urn (prae and coiu- 
pono), composed beforehand, studied; os, mien, 
Ov. 

praeconius -a -urn, belonging to a praeco 
or crier. I. Adj., quaestus, Cic. II. Subst., 
praeconium -ii, u. A. the office or business 
of a public crier ; praeconium facere, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, a public crying, publishing, making 
known ; tibi praeconium deferatn, Cic. ; perago 
praeconia casus, Ov. ; 2, a public laudation, 
commendation; laborum suorum, Cic. 

praeconsumo -consumptus, 3. to consume, 
exhaust beforehand, Ov. 

praecontrecto, l. to handle beforehand, Ov. 

praecoquis -e and praccoquus a -urn 
= praecox (q.V.). 

praecordia -oruin, n. (prae and cor). I. 

the muscle separating the heart and lungs from the 
abdomen, the midriff, the diaphragm, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. the bowels, stomach; auulus in prae- 
cordiia piscis inventus, Cic. ; quid veneni saevit 
in praecordiis, Hor. B. the breast, heart (as the 
seat of feelings and passions); reditin praecordia 
virtus, Vcrg. ; spiritus remanet in praecordiis, 
Liv. 

praecorrumpo -rupi -ruptuni, 8. to corrupt, 
bribe beforehand ; me donis, Ov. 

praecox -c6cis, praecoquis -e, and 
praccoquus -a -mil (prae and coquo), ripe 
before the time, premature, Plin. 

praecultus -a -um, partic. of praecolo. 

praecurro -cucurri and -curri -cursum, 3. 

I. A. Lit., to run before, hasten before; prae- 
currit ante omnes, Caes. ; ad aliquem, Caes. ; 
aliquem equis albis, fig. = to excel, Hor. Partic. 
subst., praecurrentia -lum, n. what goes 
before, antecedents, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to go on 
before ; eo Jama jam praecurrerat de praelio 
Dyrrliaeliino ; 2, of time, to precede ; aliquem 
aetate, Cic; with dat, ut certis rebus certa 
signa praecurrereut. II. Esp., to surpass, exceed ; 
aliquem celeritate, Qies. 

praecursio -onis f. (praecurro), a going be- 
fore. I. Gen., sine praecursione visorum, Cie. 

II. In rhet., the previous preparation of the 
hearer, Cic. 

praecursor -oris, in. (praecurro), a goer be- 
fore, precursor. I. Lit., A. Milit. 1. 1., prae- 
cursores, the vanguard, advanced guard, Liv. II, 
Transf., a spy, scout; in omnicalumnia praecurs- 
orem habere, Cic. 

praeciitio -cu's&i -cussuin, 3, (prae and 



quatio), to shake before, brandish before; taedas, 
Ov. 

praeda -ae, f. (connected with praehendo), 
spoils of war, plunder, booty. I. Lit., praeda 
parts, Cic. ; iugeute* proedas facere, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. the spoils nf the clutse, ijtiarry, 
prey; cerviluporum praeda rapauium, Hor. B. 
plunder, gain ; maximox quaestus pracdasqtie 
facere, Cic. 

praedabundus -a -um (praedor), plunder- 
ing, Sail. 

praodamno, 1. I. to condemn before; ali- 
quem. II. to give up; spem, Liv. 

praedatio -onis, f. (praedor), a plundering, 
pillaging, Tac. 

praedator -oris, m. (praedor). I. Lit., a 
plunderer, pillager, robber; vexatores ac praedat- 
ores, Cic. II. Transf., A. a hunter; caprorum, 
Ov. B. a gain-loving, greedy person, Tib. 

praedatorius -a -um (praedator), plunder- 
ing, pillaging, predatory ; classis, Liv. 

praedelasso, 1. to weary, weaken beforcha>u1, 
Ov. 

praedestino, 1. to appoint, ordain before- 
hand; sibi similes tiiumphos, Liv. 

praediator -oris, in. (praedium), a buyer o) 
landed estates sold by auction, a dealer in estates, 
Cic. 

prediatorius -a -um (praediator), of or 
relating to the sale of land by auction ; jus, Cic. 

praedicabilis-e(l. praedieo), praiseworthy, 
Cic. 

praedicatio -onis, f. (1. praedieo). I. a 
making publicly known, the public announcement 
of the praeco, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a declara- 
tion, depositio)!, ; nefariae societatis, reletting to, 
Cic. ; 2, a praising, commending, jvaise, Cic. 

praedicator -oris, m. (1. praedieo), a 
pruiser, commender, public eulogist, Cic. 

1. praedieo, 1. to make publicly known, 
publish. I. Lit., of the praeco, dimidias venire 
partes, Cic. II. Transf., 1. to declare, specie 
out, relate, proclaim, say, tell; paucitatem DOS* 
trormn militum suis, Caes. ; with ace. and 
infill., praedicautem coiitumeliaiii illam sibi a 
Cicerone impositaiu esse, Sail. ; ea juventutis 
cxerceudae causa fieri praedicant, Caes. ; prae- 
dicat se servo imperasse, Cic. ; 2, to mention, 
with praise, to commend, eulogise, boast ; virtutem, 
Cic. ; falsa de se, Cic. ; de suis laudibus, Cic. ; 
with ace. and infin., Galli se omnes ab Dito 
patre prognatos praedicant, Caes. 

2. praedieo -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to say be- 
forehand, speak before: praedicta cornua quaer- 
unt, Ov. ; esp. of writers and orators, haec 
milii praedicenda fuerunt, Cic. II. Esp., A. 
to predict, foretell, prophesy; defectiones solis, 
Cic. ; futura, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nihil 
Antonium facturum (esse), Cic. B. a. to fix, 
appoint beforehand; diem (of the praetor), Tac; 
b, to warn, admonish, instruct, charge, command; 
Pompeius suis praedixerat, ut Caesaris impetuni 
exciperent, Caes. ; Junonein praedicere, ne id 
faceret, Cic. 

praedictio -onis, f. (2. praedieo), a pro- 
phesying, predicting, Cie. 

praedietum -i, n. (2. praedieo), a prophecy, 
prediction, Cic. II. an order, command, Liv. 
III. a concert, agreement, Liv. 

praediolum -i, n. (dim. of praedium), a 
small landed estate, little farm, Cic. 

praedisco -didici, 3. to learn before; ea quaa 
agenda sunt in foro, Cic 

praedisposltus -a -um, arranged before* 
hand; nuntii, LiY; 



prae 



432 



prae 



praeditus -a -um (prae and do), endowed, 
furnished, provided with; with abl., sensibus, 
Cic. ; virtute, Cic. ; amentia, Cic. ; crudelitate, 
Cic. 

pracdium -ii, n. (praes), a plot of lund, 
landed estate; rusticuui, Cic; praediuiu vend- 
ere, Cic. 

praodives -itis, very rich, Liv. 

1. praedo, 1. =praedor (q.v.). 

2. praedo -Snis, m. (praeda), a robber, pil- 
lager, plunderer ; urbis, Cic; maritiini, pirates, 
Nep. ; praedo maritus, the husband that carried 
her off (of Pluto), Ov. 

praodoceo -doctus, 2. to teach before, in- 
struct before; praedocti ab duce, Sail. 
praedomo -d6mui, 1. to tame before, Sen. 
praedor, 1. dep. (praeda). I. In transit., 

A. Lit., praadatum exisse in agrum Latinum, 
Liv. ; mill tes praedantes, Caes. B. Transf., to 
rob, plunder, get gain ; in bonis alienis, Cic ; 
de aratorura bonis, Cic. ; apud Mamertinos, 
Cic. ; ex alterius inscitia, Cic. II. Transit., A. 
to plunder, pillage, rob ; 6ocios magis quam 
hostes, Tac B. 1, lit., to carry off as prey; 
ovem imam, Ov. ; 2, transf., amores alicuius, 
one's sweetheart, Ov. ; singula de nobis aimi 
praedantur, Hor. 

praeduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead forward, 
carryforward; fossas viis, Caes. ; murum, Caes. 

praedulcis -e. I. Lit., very sweet, Plin. 
II. Transf., very pleasant, very delightful ; decus, 
Verg. 

praedurus -a -am, very hard, very strong ; 
homo praedurus viribus, Verg. ; corpora, Verg. 

praeeminoo ( praemlnSo), 2. to surpass, 
excel; ceteros peritia leguin, Tac 

praeeo -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. to go before, 
precede. I. Lit., Laevinus Komam praeivit, 
Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen., natura praeeunte, Cic 

B. Esp., 1, to say before, sing before, play before; 
a, gen., lit vobis voce praeirent, quid judicaretis, 
Cic. ; b, religious and legal t. t., to dictate the 
words of an oath, or any solemn form of words; 
verba prae ire, Liv. ; carmen, Liv. ; praeire alicui, 
Cic; 2, to order, command; omnia, ut decem- 
viri praeierunt, facta, Liv. 

praefatio -onis, f. (praefor), a religious or 
legal form of words, formula ; sacrorum, Liv. ; 
donationis, Cic. 

praefectura -ae, f. (praefectus), the office of 
superintendent or overseer. I. Gen., annonae, 
Tac. ; vigilum, Tac. II. Esp., 1, the command 
of auxiliary troops, esp. of cavalry, Suet. ; 2, 
a subordinate provincial comvui nd ; praefectur&m 
petere, Cic ; 3, luetou., an Italian town governed 
by a praefectus, a prefecture, Cic. 

1. praefectus -a -um, partic. of praeticio. 

2. praefectus -i, m. (praeficiu), an overseer, 
superintendent. I. In private life, his utitur 
qua6i praefectis libidinum suarum, Cic. II. 
In political life, a civil or military officer or 
superintendent. A. Gen., annonae, Liv.; cast- 
rorum and castris, Tac. ; praefectus urbis, 
governor of the city (Rome), and. commander of 
the five cohortcs urbanae, in the timo of the 
republic only commanding in the place of the 
consul when absent, Liv. 

praefero -tilli -latum -ferre. I. A. to bear, 
carry before or in front ; ardentem facem, Cic. ; 
fasces praetoribus, Cic B. Fig., 1, gen., 
clarissimum lumen practulistis menti meae, 
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to bring to light, to show, mani- 
fest, display; avaritiam, Cic. ; judicium, express 
one's judgment, Liv. ; haec eius diei praefertur 
opinio, Caes. ; b, to give the preference to, to 
prefer; aliquem sibi, Cic; otium labori, ball. 



II. to carry by; middle, praeferri =; to hasten hy, 
to ride by ; praeler castru praelati, Liv. III. 

to anticipate; diem triumphi, Liv. 

praeferox -6cis, very bold, impetuous; 
legati, Liv. 

praefervidus -a -um, burning hot, very 
hot. I. Lit., balneum, Tac. II. Fig., ira, Liv. 

praefestino, 1. I. to hasten exceedingly, 
hasten too much; ne deticere praefestinarent, 
Liv. II. to hasten by ; sinum, Tac 

praefioio -feci -tectum, 3. (prae and facio), 
to set over, appoint as superintendent, overseer, 
etc. ; aliquem pecori, Cic. ; bello gorendo or 
simply bello, Cic. ; legioni, Caes. ; praelicere 
aliquem in eo exercitu, Cic 

praefidens -entis, very confident, over con- 
fident, Cic. 

praefigo -Rxi -tixum, 3. to fix in front, fasten 
bej'ore ; ripa sudibus praefixis muuita, Caes. ; 
anna puppibus, Verg. II. Trausf., A. to tip, 
point with ; Jacula praefixa ferro, Liv. B. to 
pierce through, transfix, Tib. 

praef inio, 4. to fix, prescribe, appoint before- 
hand ; diem, Cic; suniptum funerum, Cic; 
non praehnire, foil, by quominus, Cic. 

praefloro, 1. to pluck the blossom prema- 
turely; fig., to diminish, lessen; gloriain eius 
victoriae praefloratam apud Thennopylas esse, 
Liv. 

praefluo, 3. to flow past ; innma valle, Liv.; 
with ace. of place, Tibur fertile, Hor. ; Noricaui 
proviuciam, Tac 

praefoco, 1, t jrae and faux), to choice, suf- 
focate ; viam animae, Ov. 

praefodio -fodi -fossum, 3. I. to dig in 
front of; portas, Verg. II. to bury previously; 
auriuu, Ov. 

praefor -fatus sum -fari, to speak before. 
A. a, to utter beforehand; majores nostri om- 
nibus rebus agendis quod bonum, faustuni, 
felix sit, praefabautur, Cic. ; carmen, Liv.; so 
with ace of deity, divos, Verg. ; b, to mention 
beforehand, to premise ; quae de deorum natura 
praefati sumus, Cic B. to prophesy, foretell, Liv. 

praefracte (praefractus), sternly, resolutely ; 
nimis praefracte vectigalia defendere, Cic. 

praefractus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. 
(from praefringo). I. Of written style, abrupt, 
disconnected ; Thucydides praefractior, Cic. 21. 
Of character, stern, severe, harsh ; Aristo Chius 
praefractus, ferreus, Cic. 

praefrigidus -a -um, very cold, Ov. 

praefringo -fregi -fractum, 3. (prae and 
frango), to break off' in front, break in pieces; 
haslas, Liv. 

praefulcio -fulsi -fultura, 4. to support, prop 
up; rig., illud praefulci atque praemuni ut, etc., 
Cic. 

praefulgeo -fulsi, 2. to gleam forth, shine 
forth. I. Lit., equus praefulgens dentibus 
aureis, Verg. II. Fig., triumphali decore 
praefulgens, conspicuous, distinguished, Tac 

praegelldus -a -um, very cold; Alpes, Liv. 

praegeBtlO, 4. to desire exceedingly ; prae- 
gestit animus viflere, Cic. 

praegnans (prae and root GNA, whence 
guascor), pregnant. I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., full 
of; fusus stamine, Juv. 

praegracilis -e, very slim, slender, lank, 
Tac. 

praegravis -e, very heavy. I. Lit., A. Ot 
weight, onus, Ov. B. Of movement, prae-. 
gravis corpore, Liv. II. Transf., of persons, 
ifearisoms, Tac. 



prae 



433 



prae 



praegravo, 1. to press heavily upon, weigh 
upon, oppress, to weigh down. j. Lit, prae- 
gravata iuhaerentibus scuta, Liv. II. Fig., to 
overwhelm, oppress, weigh down; dantem' et 
accipientcin, Liv. ; aniinum, Hor. 

praegredior -gressus sum, 3. dep. (prae and 
gradior). I. to go be/ore, precede ; praegredientes 
amici, Cic. ; with ace, signa, aginen, Liv. ; 
nuntios, faniaui, outstrip, Liv. II. to jmss by, 
march by; ea (castra), Liv. 

praegressio -onis, f. (praegredior), a guing 
before, precedence ; causae, Cic. 

praegressus -us, m. (praegredior), a going 
on before, Cic. 

praegustator -oris, in. (praegusto), one who 
tastes before, a taster, foretaster. I. Lit., Suet. 
II. Fig., libidinum tuarum, Cic. 

praegusto, 1. to taste before; cibos, Ov. 

praehibeo -ui -itum, 2. (prae and habeo), 
to offer, hold out, afford, supply, furnish, Plaut. 

praejacSo, 2. to lie before; campus qui 
castra praejacet, Tac. 

. praejudicatus -a -um, v. praejudico. 

praejudicium -li, n. a previous judgment, a 
preliminary decision or examination (far the sake 
of investigating facts for subsequent proceed- 
ings). I. Lit, a, de quo non praejudicium sed 
plane Judicium jam pactum putatur, Cic. ; apud 
eosdem judices reus est f'actus, quum duobus 
jam praejudiciis damnatus esset, Cic. ; b, 
transf., a premature decision; neminem prae- 
judicium tantae rei afferre, Liv. II. Meton ., 
an example, precedent; Ponipeius vestri facti 
praejudicio demotus, by your example, Caes. 

praejudico, 1. to decide beforehand, to give 
a preliminary judgment; a, legal t. t, re semel 
atque iterum praejudicata, Cic. Partic. perf. 
6ubst, praejudieatum-i, n. — praejudicium, 
(I.); b, transf., in partic, praejudicatus 
-a -um, previously decided ; opinio praejudicata, 
Cic. 



praemedltatlo -onis, f. (praemeditor), 
considering beforeliand ; futurorum malorum, Cic. 

praemeditor, 1. dep. to meditate upon, con- 
sider beforehand; praemeditiri quo animo ac- 
cedam ad urbem, Cic; with ace and inlin., i<l 
praeineditari ferunduiu modice esse, Cic; 
partic perf. pass., praemeditatus -a -um, 
considered beforehand; mala, Cic. 

praemetuens -entia. p. udj. (from prae- 
niutuu), fearing beforeliand, Phaedr. 

praemetuenter, adv. (praemetuens), ap- 
prehensively, anxiously, Lucr. 




praejuvo -juvi, 1. to assist before, Tac 
praelabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. to glide before, 
flow, swim before or along ; insula iu quam Ger- 
mani nando praelabebantur, Tac; with ace, 
praelabi rlumina rotis, Verg. 

praelambo -Iambi, 3. to lick before, taste 
before, Hor. 

praelargus -a -um, very abundant, Juv. 
praelego -legi -lectum, 3. to sail past, coast 
along ; Cainpaniam, Tac. 

praeligo, 1. I. to bind in front ; sarmenta 
praeligantur cornibus bourn, Liv. II. to bind 
up ; os obvolutum est folliculo et praeligatum, 
Cic. 

praeliura, etc. = proeliuni, etc. (q.v.). 

praelongUS -a -um, very long; gladius, 
Liv. 

praeluceo -luxi, 2. to cam/ a light before ; 
lit, to light before. I. Lit., Suet II. Fig., 1, with 
ace. (amicitia) bonam spem praelucet in post- 
erum, sheds the kindly light of hope, Cic. ; 2, to 
outshine, surpass ; nuilus sinus Baiis praelucet, 
Hor. 

praelum = prelum (q.v.). 

praelustris -e (prae and lustro), very illus- 
trious; praelustri ab arce, Ov. 

praemando, 1. to order beforehand ; ut con- 
quireretur, ap. Cic. ; hence, praemandata 
-orum, n. a writ of arrest, Cic. 

praematurus -a -nm, too early, premature; 
hiems, Tac. ; canities, Tac. 

praemedlcatus -a -um, protected by medi- 
cine or charms, Ov. 



praemitto -mlsi -missum, 3. to send before, 
send on, despatch before. I. Lit, (a) of persons, 
ahquein, Cic; legiones in Hispaniam, Caes.; 
without ace, to send before; ad eos equites, 
Caes. ; (p) of tilings, alicui odiosas litems, Cic. 
II. Transf., to send before; haec favorabili ora- 
tione praemisit, Tac. 

praemium -li, n. (prae and emo), tliat which 
is taken first. I. Geu., advantage, gain, profit ; 
omnia praeinia donaque fortunae, Cic. II. Esp., 
A. an honourable reward, recompense; praeinia 
bene de republica ineiitorum, Cic. ; alicui prue- 
niium dare pro aliqua re, Cic. ; praemium prae- 
ponere or exponere, to promise, Cic. ; ironically — 
punishment; cape praeinia facti, Ov. B. Esp., 
booty; in war, pugnac, Verg.; in the chase, 
leporcm et giucm jucunda captat praemia, Hor. 

praemdlestia -ae, f. trouble beforeliand, Cic. 

praemolior, 4. dep. to prepare beforehand ; 
rem, Liv. 

praeraoneo -ui -itum, 2. to warn, advise, 
admonish beforehand. I. Gen., with ace, conatus 
hostis, against hostile attempts, Liv. ; with ut 
and the subj., me, ut magnopere caverem, prae- 
inonebat, Cic. II. to foretell, presage, Iliou ars- 
urum Ov. 

praemonitus -us, in. (praemoneo), a pre- 
diction, premonition, Ov. 

praemonstro, l. I. to show, point out 
bejore, Lucr. II. to prophesy, presage, predict; 
magnum aliquid populo Romano, Cic. 

praemordeo -mordi -morsum, 2. to bita 
°Sl ng., to pilfer; aliquid ex aliquo, Juv. 

praemorior -mortuus sum -m&ri, 3. dep. 
to die prematurely, Ov. ; transf., pracmortni jam 
est pudoris, his modesty is dead, Liv. 

praemunio (praemoenio), 4. I, to fortify 
in front ; aditus duos niagnis operfbus, Cjos. li. 
Fig-, to fortify, secure, make safe; genus dicendi 
piaemunituni, Cic. ; quae praeniuniuntur ser- 
moni, premised to meet objections, Cic. 

praemunitio -onis, f. (praemunio), a for- 
tifying beforehand; rhet, fig., of an orator, a 
prepamtion of the minds of his hearers, Cic. 

praenato, 1. to swim before, swim past, flow 
by, Verg. 

Fraeneste -is, n. (f. in Verg.), a town in 
I.atium, famous for its roses, its nuts, and for the 
temple and oracle of Fortuna, now Palestrina. 
Hence, Praenestmus -a -um, belonging to 
Praeneste; sortes, the utterances of the oracle 
there, Cic. 

praeniteo -ui, 2. to shine forth; fig., cur tibi 
junior praeniteat, outshines thee, Hor. 

praenomen -Inis, n. the name which stood 
before the gentile name, and distinguished tht 
individual, the first name, the praenomen (e.g., 
Caius. in C. J. Caesar ; JIarcus, in M. T. Cicero), 
Cjo. 



prae 



431 



pra9 



praenosco -novi -notum, 3. to become ac- 
quainted with beforehand, foreknow ; futura, Cic. 

praenolio -onis, f. (praenosco), preconcep- 
tion, innate idea, (translation of rrpoArj^t';), Cic. 

praenubilus -a -urn, verg dandy, very dark, 

(Jv. 

praenunoia, eU\ — praeuuntin, etc. (q.v.). 

praenuntia, v. praeuunUus. 

praenuntlO, 1. to announce, report, tell be- 
forehand, foretell, predict; futura, Cic. 

praenuntlUS -a -uin, foretelling ; subst. 
(m. f. and n.), that which annowices beforehand, 
a harbinger, sign, token, omen; stellae calamit- 
atum praeuuntiae, Cic. ; ales praenuutius lucis, 
the cock, Ov. 

praeocciipatio -5nis, f. (praeoccupo), a 
taking possession of before ; locoruin, Nep. 

praeoccupo, 1. I. to take possession of 
before, seize before; iter, Caes. ; loca, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, to take possession of beforehand, to 
preoccupy; animos timorpraeoccupaverat, Caes.; 
2, to anticipate, to surprise ; ne adventu Caesaris 
praeoccuparetur, Caes. ; with infin., legem ipsi 
praeoccupaverant ferre, Liv. 

praeopto, 1. I. to prefer, wish rather, desire 
more ; nemo non illos sibi, quam vos, dominos 
praeoptet, Liv. ; -with infin., nudo corpore pug- 
nare, Caes. II. aliquid alicui rei, to prefer ; 
otium urbanum militkie laboribus, Liv. 

praepando, 3. to open wide in front, stretch 
open in front, extend before, Cic. 

praeparatio -Onis, f. (praeparo), prepara- 
tion; ad minuendum dolorein, Cic. 

praeparo, 1. to make ready, provide, prepare ; 
naves, Cic. ; res necessarias advitam degemlam, 
Cic. ; animos ad sapieutiam, Cic. ; aures (audit- 
orum) praeparatae, Liv. 

praepedio -ivi and -ii -itum, 4. (prae and 
root PED). I. to entangle by the feet, shackle, 
fetter; praepeditis Numidarum cquis, Tac. II. 
Transf., to hinder, impede, obstruct ; quum las- 
situdo ac vulnera fugam praepedissent, Liv. ; 
singultu medics praepediente sonos, Ov. ; prae- 
pediri valetudine, to be hindered by ill-health, 
Tac. 

praependeo -pendi, 2. intransit., to hang 
before, hang in front, Ciics. 

praepes -pStis (prae and peto). I. Lit., t. 1. 
of augury, of birds from whose flight favourable 
omens were gathered, quick in flight, rapidly 
flying, swift; praepes avis, and subst. simply 
praepes, Cic. ; praepetibus pennis se credere 
caelo, Verg. II. Transf., quick in flight and 
motion; a, adj., deus, the winged god — i.e., 
Cupid, Ov. ; b, subst., a bird; Jovis, the eagle, 
Ov. ; Medusaeus (of Pegasus), Ov. 

praepilatus -a -urn, having a ball or button 
in front (applied to foils or blunt weapons); 
uiissiiia, Liv. 

praepinguls -e, very fat, very rich; solum, 
Verg. 

praepolleo -polltii, 2. to be very powerful, 
to excel or surpass in power; vlr virtute prae- 
pollens, Liv. 

praepondero, 1. to outweigh; fig., ncque 
ea volunt praeponderari honestate, Cic. 

praepono -p6sui -pSsttuni, 3. to put before, 
place before. I. Lit., A. Gen., pauca (scribendo), 
Cic; transf., pniepositae causae, antecedent, Cic. 
B. Esp., to put over, set over as overseer, com- 
mander, etc. ; aliquem bello, provinciae, navibus, 
Cic. ; militibus, Caes. Partic. subst., prae- 
positus -i, m. a commander, Tac. II. Fig., 
to prefer ; saluteru reipublicae vitae suae, Cic. 
Panic, subst-., piaeposituin -i, n. (translation 



of Trpoi\yfj.ii'Ov), something to be preferred, some- 
thing advantageous, but not (in the Stoic philo- 
sophy) absolutely good, e.g., riches, etc., Cic, 

praeporto, 1. to carry before, Lucr. 

praepositio -onis, f. (praepono), a placing 
before. I. 1, lit., negationis, Cic; 2, metoii., 
gimnmat. t. t., a preposition, Cic. II. a pre- 
ferring, preference, Cic. 

praepositus, partic. of praepono. 

pracpossum -pStfii -posse, to be very power- 
ful, have the chief power, Tac. 

praepostere, adv. (praeposterus), in a re- 
versed order, perversely, absurdly, Cic. 

praeposterus -a -um. I. having the last 
first, inverted, perverse, distorted, absurd; gratu- 
latio, Cic. ; consilia, Cic. II. Transf., of per- 
sons, perverse, Cic. 

praepotens -entis, very powerful, very 
mighty; a, of persons, viri, Cic; Carthago 
praepotens terrS marique, Cic. ; with abl. instr., 
praepotens armis Romauus, Liv. ; with genit., 
Juppiter omnium rerum praepotens, rilling over, 
Cic. ; b, transf., of things, philosophia, Cic. 

praeproperanter, adv. very quickly, very 
hastily, Lutr. 

praepropere, adv. (praeproperus), very 
hastily, too quickly ; festinare, Liv. ; agere, Liv. 

praeproperus -a -um, exceedingly quick, 
too quick, overhasty, precipitate. I. Lit., festin- 
atio, Cic. ; celeritas, Liv. II. Transf., ingen- 
ium, Liv. 

praeputium -ii, n. the foreskin, Juv. 

praequam, v. prae. 

praequeror -questus sum -queri, to com- 
plain beforehand, Ov. 

praeradio, 1. to outshine, Ov. 

praerapidus -a -um, very rapid; gurges, 
Liv. 

praerigesco -rigni, 3. to grow very stiff, Tac. 

praeripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (prae and rapio), 
to snatch away, pluck from, tear away, carry off. 

I. Gen., alicui arma, Ov. ; alicui laudem destin- 
atam, Cic. II. Esp., a, to carry off before the 
time ; deorum beiieficium festinatione, Cic. ; b, 
to anticipate, forestall; hostium consilia, Cic. 

praerodo -rodi -rosum, to gnaw in front, to 
gnaw off, bite through, Hor. 

praerogativns -a -um (praerogo, to ask 
beforeluind), asked before others (for vote, opinion, 
etc.). I. Lit., polit. t. t., voting first, voting 
before others; centurja praerogativa, and gen. 
subst., praerogativa -ae, f. the century to 
which the lot. fell of voting first in the comitia, 
Cic. ; praerogativam referre, Cic. ; hence, omen 
praerogativae, the omen given by the nameyfjhe 
prerogative century, Cic II. praerogativa 
-ae, f. A. a previous choice, Liv. B. a sure sign, 
indication, presage; triumphi, Cic; voluntatis, 
Cic. 

praerumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. to break off, 
tear off in front ; funes, Caes. 

praerupius -a -um, p. adj.(from praerumpo), 
broken off. I. Lit., of places, steep, precipitous, 
overhanging; saxa, Cic; mons, Verg. Plur. 
subst., praerupta -orum, n. precipices, Liv. 

II. Transf., juvenis animo praeruptus, violent, 
Tac. ; dominatio, stern, severe, Tac. 

praes, praedis, m. (praevideo). I. a surety, 
security ; praedem esse pro aliquo, Cic; praedes 
dare, Cic. II. Meton., the property of the 
security; ne L. P,ancus praedes tuos venderet, 

c;<\ 

praeDaepes (prasaepis) -is, f., prac- 
saepe is, n., 'and piacsaepium -ii, n. 



prae 



435 



prae 



(praesaepio), an indosure. I. a crib, manger, 
Ov. , transf., certum praesaepe, contemptuously— 
table, Hor. II. a stall, Verg. ; transf., prae- 
saepibus arcent, from the laves, Verg. ; in prae- 
saepibus, in low houses, Cic. 

praesaepio -saepai -saeptum, 4. to block vp 
in front; oiunem ailitum, Cic. 

praesagio, 4. I, to presage, forebode, have 
a presentiment of; praesagire, id est, futura ante 
sentire, Cic. ; quasi praesagiret, Cic. ; de fine 
belli, Liv. II. Transf., to foreshow, predict, 
Lucr. 

praesagitio -onis, f. (praesagio), a premoni- 
tion, foreboding, presentiment, Cic. 

praesagium -ii, n. (praesagio). I. a presage, 
presentiment, foreboding ; maloruin, Tac. II. 
Transf., a prediction, prophesying ; Tiberii de 
Servio Galba, Tac. 

praesagus -a -um. I. presaging, foreboding; 
pectora, Ov. ; with genit., mens praesaga inali, 
Verg. II. Transf., predicting; fulmeu, Verg.; 
verba, Ov. 

praesdSCO -scivi, 3. to learn, find out before- 
hand; praesciscere quam quisque eoruni pro- 
vinciam, queiu hostein haberet volebat, Liv. 

praesciUS -a -um. knowing beforehand, pre- 
scient; corda, Verg.; with genit., periculoruin, 
Tac. 

praescribo -seripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to 
write before, set before in writing; 1, lii;., sibi 
nomeiijVerg. ; auctoritates praescriptae, the >iames 
of senators contained in a decree of the senate, Cic; 
2, transf., to put forward or take as a pretext, 
Tac. II. to write down for imitation. A. to 
prescribe, ordain, define, direct beforehand; jura 
eivibus, Cic. ; ne quid ageret, Cic. B. to draw 
up an outline of, Tac. 

praescriptio -onis, f. (praescribo). I. Lit., 
a writing before; hence, meton., a title, inscrip- 
tion, preamble, introduction; legis, Cic. II. 
Transf., 1, a precept, rule, order ; rationis, Cic. ; 

2, limitation ; in liac praescriptione semihorae, 
Cic. ; 3, a pretext ; honesta, Cic. ; hence, legal 
t. t., an objection, demurrer, Cic. 

praescriptum -i, n. (praescribo), tlxat which 
is written down. I. Lit., A. « prescribed limit; 
intra pracscriptuui equitare, Hor. II. Fig., an 

order, a precept, rule; legum,-Cic. 

praeseco -secui -secattun and -sectuin, 1. to 
cut in front ; crines, Caes. ; fig., carmen prae- 
suctum, pruned down, Hor. 

praesens -entis (praesum). I. Gen., pre- 
sent, in person, at hand ; quo praesente, in whose 
presence, Cic. ; praesens tecum egi, in person, 
Cic. ; in praeseuti (sc. tempore), now, Cic. ; in 
praesens tempus, for the present time, Cic. 
Subst., praesentia -luin, n. the present, Ov. II. 
1, on the spot, immediate, momentary, not delayed; 
poena, immediately following the offence, Cic. ; 
decretum, passed instantly, Liv.; 2, immediately 
efficacious, effective, powerful; auxilium, Cic. ; 
memoria praeseutior.more vivid, Liv.; with infin., 
praesens imo tollere de gradu, with power to, Hor. ; 

3. open, visible; ora, Verg.; transf., insidiae, 
plain, Cic. ; 4, pressing, urgent; jam praesentior 
res erat, Liv. ; 5, of character, resolute, deter- 
mined; animus, Cic; 6, present, aiding, propi- 
tious ; deus, Cic. 

praesensio -onis, f. (praesentio), a presenti- 
ment, foreboding, premonition ; rerum futurarum, 
Cic. 

praesentia -ae, f. (praesens). I. presence ; 
alieuius, Cic. ; animi, presence of mi}id, determi- 
nation, courage, Caes., Cic. ; in praesentia, for 
the present, now, at present, Cic. II. impression, 
effect; veri. Ov, - 



praesentio -sensi -sensuin, 4. to feel or 
perceive beforehand, to luive a presentiment or 
premonition; aniiuo providere et praesentire, 
Caus. ; futura, Cic. 

praesepes, etc. = praesaepes, etc. (q.v.). 

praesepio = praesaepio (q.v.). 

praesertim, adv. especially, chiefly; prae- 
sertim quuin and quum praesertim, Cic. ; prae- 
sertim si, Cic. ; praesertim quod, Cic. 

praeses -sidis, c. (praesideo), sitting before 
(i.e., to protect, takecareof) ; hence, I. protecting; 
usually subst., a protector, protectress ; rcipub- 
licae, Cic ; temnlorum, Cic. II. a chief, ruler, 
president; praeses belli, goddess of war (of 
Minerva), Verg. ; praeside pendet ab uno, Ov. 

praesidens -eutis, m. (praesideo), a presi- 
dent, ruler, Tac. 

praesideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (prae and sedeo). 
A. to sit before, protect, guard ; with dat., huic 
imperio, Cic ; urbi, Liv. ; foribus caeli (of 
Janus), Ov. ; with ace, Galliae litus, Tac. B. 
to preside over, mawge, direct, govern; rebus 
urbanis, Caes. ; orbi terrarum, Cic. ; with ace, 
exercituin, Tac. 

praesidiarius -a -um (praesidium), serving 
as a guard or protection ; milites, Liv. 

praesidium -ii, n. (praeses), a sitting before ; 
hence, I. Lit., protection, defence; a, alicui esse 
praesidio, Cic ; b, milit. 1. 1., a guard, patrol, 
escort; legiones quae praesidio impediments 
erant, Caes. II. Meton., A. that which defends, 
protection, help; a, classis praesidium proviu- 
ciae, Cic. ; b, milit. t. t., the soldiers who form 
the guard; praesidium agitare, to set guards, 
Liv. ; praesklia in urbes iuducere, Cic. ; fig., in 
praesidio collocatus, Cic. B. a place occupied 
by a garrison or guard, post, camp, fortification ; 
quum legio praesidium occupavisset, Caes. ; in 
praesidiis esse, Cic ; praesidium coinmunire, 
Liv. ; fig., de praesidio et statione vitae deced- 
ere, Cic. C. help, assistance, support ; magnum 
sibi praesidium ad beatam vitam comparare, 
Cic 

praesignifioo, 1. to signify, announce be- 
forehand; hominibus futura, Cic. ■■ ■ 

praesignis -e (signuui), distinguished, re- 
markable before others, Ov. 

praesono -sQnui, 1. to sound forth, resound, 
Ov. 

pracspargo, 3. to scatter, strew before, 
Lucr. 

praostabilis -e (praesto), distinguished, pre- 
eminent, remarkable; res niagnitudine prae- 
stabiles, Cic. ; melius fuisse et praestabilius me 
civem in hac civitate nasci, Cic ; nullam dig- 
nitatem praestabiliorem, Cic. 

praestans -antis, p. adj. (from praesto), ex- 
cellent, distiJiguished, preeminent; a, of persons, 
gen. with abh, or in with the abl., homo prud- 
entia praestans, Cic; Aristoteles longe omnibus 
praestans et ingenio et diligentia, Cic. ; virgini- 
bus praestantior omnibus, Ov. ; in illis artibus 
praestantissimus, Cic. ; b, of things, praestauti 
et singulari fide, Cic. ; praestanti corpore Nyni- 
phae, Verg. 

praestantia -ae, f. (praestans), superiority, 
excellence ; si quam praestantiam virtutis, in- 
genii, fortunae consecuti sunt, Cic. ; mentis, 
Cic. 

praestemo, 3. to strew, spread before, Plaut. 

praestes -stltis, c. (2. praesto} — praeses, 
a tutelary, protecting deity; Lares, Ov. 

praestigla -ae, f., usually plur., praes- 
tiglao -arum, f. (prae:tringo), deception, illusion, 
jugijliittj; yijrbonim, Cic. _„• - 



prae 



436 



prae 



praestituo -stitui -stltutum. 3. (statuo), to 
prescribe, appoint beforehand ; teuipus alicui, 
Cic. ; diem open, Cic. 

1. praestd, adv. (from praestus = praesitus, 
as repostus = repositus), present, at hand, 
hrre, ready; gen. with esse, to be at hand, to 
show oneself, to appear, with the notion of, to 
attend or to wait upon, to be at one's service; 
alicui, to appear to help one at a court of law, 
Cic; quaestores consulibus ad ministeria belli 
praesto essent, Liv. ; praesto esse virtutes ut 
nneillulas, Cic; fig., praesto esse, to serve; 
alicui, Cic; saluti tuae, Cic. 

2. praesto -stlti -stitum afld -statum -statii- 
rus, 1. I. In transit., to stand, before, e.rcel, be 
distinguished; inter suos, Cic ; aliqua re, Cic. ; 
with dat. or ace of person, to surpass, excel; 
alicui, Cic. ; alicui aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem 
aliquS re, Liv. ; praestat used impers., it is 
better, it is preferable; with Infin., praestat in 
tandem recldere fortunam, Cic ; with quain, 
niori millies praestitit, quam haec pati, Cic 
II. Transit., to become surety or guarantee for. 
answer for, be responsible fur. A. Lit., Mes- 
sallam Caesari, Cic ; damnum emptori, Cic ; a 

. vi, from violence, Cic; de me, Cic; with ace 
and infin., nullos (praedones) fore quis praestare 
poterat, Cic. B. Transf., a, to perform, do, 
execute, fulfil; suuni niunus, Cic; oRicium, 
Caes. ; b, to keep, hold; fidem, to keep one's word, 
Cic. ; c, to preserve ; socios salvos, Cic ; rem- 
publicam, Cic; d, to show, manifest, exhibit; 
benevolentiam, Cic. ; se, with ace of predicate, 
to show oneself, behave oneself as; se iuvictum, 
Ov. ; praesta te euin, Cic; e, to give, evince; 
honorem debitum patri, to shoiv proper respect, 
Cic; sententiam, to give one's opinion, Cic 

praestoior, 1. dep. (connected with 1. 
praesto), to wait for, expect ; with dat., tibi ad 
forum Aurelium, Cic; with ace, huius adven- 
tum ad Clupeain, Cic 

praestringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. I. to 
bind Uft, tie up; faucem laqueo, Ov. ; pollices 
nodo, Tac. II. to make blunt; aoiem oculorum, 
to weaken, darken, Liv.; oculos, Cic; fig., 
aciem aninii or mentis, Cic. 

praestruo -struxi -structuin, 3. I. to build 
in front, construct before; hence, to block up, 
render impassable ; aditum moutis, Ov. II. to 
prepare, make ready for anything ; fraus fidem 
sib! in parvis praestruit, procures for itself credi- 
bility in little things, Liv. 

praesul -stllis, c one who jumps or dances 
before others, a dancer, Cic 

pracsultator -Oris, in. (praesulto), one who 
dances before others, a dancer, Liv. 

praesulto, 1. (prae and salio), tolcap, spring 
before, Liv. 

praeBlim -fiii -esse, to be before. I. to be 
over, be placed over, preside over; a, sacris, Cic. ; 
navi faciendae, Cic ; b, to be placed over, to 
govern; populo, Cic; magistrate, to preside 
as a magistrate, Cic ; c, milit. t. t., to command ; 
exercitui, Caes.; in Bruttiis, Liv. II. Transf., 
to be the chief jierson, to take the lead in ; tenieri- 
tati T. Gracchi, Cic. ; illi crudclitati, Cic. 

praesumo -smnpsi -sumptum, 3. to take 
beforehand. I. remedia, Tac ; domi dapes, Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, to enjoy beforehand, toantidpate ; 
fortunam principatfis, Tac. ; 2, a, to imagine, 
represent to oneself beforehand ; spe praesumite 
bellum, Verg. ; praesumptum habere, to suppose, 
take for granted, Tac. ; b, to assume, presume, 
suppose, conjecture, believe, Tac 

praesumptus -a -urn, p. adj. (from prae- 
Bumo), taken for granted, presumed; suspicio, a 
preconceived suspicion, Tac. 



praesuo -sutus, 3. t« sew up, to cover, 
conceal; praesuta foliis hasta, Ov. 

praetempto = praetento (q.v.). 

praetendo -tend! -tentum, 3. I. to stretch 
out before, extend backwards; hastas dextris, 
Vcrg. ; ramum olivac nianu, Verg.; poet., nee 
conjugis uinquaiii praetendi tucdas, i.e., nei'er 
(aid claim to lawful wedlock, Verg. II. to place 
before, hold, spread before. A. 1, lit., saepein 
segeti, Verg.; 2, transf., to place before; ser- 
nionem decreto, Liv.; hence, praetendi, of places, 
to lie before or in front; praetentaque Syrtibus 
arva, Verg. ; absol., tenue praetentum lit us esse, 
Liv. B. Fig., to hold before as a pretext, pre- 
tend ; hominis doctissimi uomen tuis immanibus 
et barbaris moribus, allege in excuse for, Cic; 
aliquid seditioni, Liv. 

praetento (praetempto), 1. to feel, try, 

test beforehand. A. Lit., iter baculo, Ov. B. 
Fig., vires, Ov. 

praetSpesco -tgprti, 3. to glow beforehand ; 
tig., si praetepuisset amor, Ov. 

praeter (from prae and suffix -ter, like inter, 
propter). I. Adv., A. With negatives, more 
than, except, with exception of; nil praeter canua 
fuit, Ov. B. more than. ; foil, by quam, praeter 
sapit quam, etc., Plaut. II. Prep, with ace, 
A. Of space, past, by, beyond; praeter cist 1 a 
Caesaris suas copias transduxit, Caes.; praeter 
oculos Lollii haec omnia ferebaut, before the eyes 
of, Cic. B. Transf., 1, beyond, beside, contrary 
to; praeter spein, Liv.; praeter niodum, beyond 
measure, Cic ; praeter opinionem, Cic. ; praeter 
naturam, Cic; 2, beyond, more than; praeter 
ceteros laborare, Cic. ; 3, except, with the excep- 
tion of; omnes praeter Hortensium, Cic. ; with 
preceding negatives, nihil praeter suuinnegotiuin 
agere, Cic. ; hence, sometimes = besides, in ad* 
dition to, v:ith ; nuni quid aliud ferret praeter 
arcaiu? Cic. ; ut praeter se denos adduceret, 
Caes. 

praeteragO, 3. to drive past, drive by; 
equum, Hor. 

praeterea (praeter and abl. ea). I. besides, 
beyond this, further, Cic. II. henceforth, here- 
after, Verg. 

praetereo -ivi and oftener -li -itum -ire. 
I. Intrausit., to go by, pass by ; unda praeteriit, 
Ov. ; of time, to pass, elapse; hora, Ov. II. 
Transit, to go by, pass by. A. GeD., 1, hortos, 
Cic; of time, in pass, partie, praeteritus 
-a -iim, past, Cic. ; praeterita -orum, n. the 
past, Cic; 2, tig., a, to escape the notice of, be 
unknown to ; non me praeterit, / am not unaware, 
Cic; b, (a) to pass, omit; nullum genus cru- 
delitatis praeterire, leave unpractised , Cic. ; tit 
nulla fere pars orationis silentio praeteiiretur, 
(cos unapplauded, Cic; ((3) to omit, not to men- 
tion; cables praetereo, libidines praetereo, Cic. ; 
esp., of the Censor, not to read the name of a 
senator at the census (to publish his expulsion from 
the senate); quatuor praeteriti sunt, Liv.; (y) to 
forget to do ; foil, by quin and subj., praeterire 
non potui quin scriberem ad te, Cic. ; (5) to omit, 
leave out, take no notice, of, pass over, in presents, 
legacies, etc ; Philippns et Marcellus praeter- 
euntur, are passed by, get nothing, Caes. ; till um 
fratris (in a will), Cic B. Esp., 1 ? to puss in a 
race, outstrip; jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit 
illos, Verg. ; 2, fig., to surpass; virtus tua alios 
praeterit, Ov. 

praeterequito, 1. to rule past, ride by, 
Liv. 

praeterfero -tilli -latum -ferre, to carry 
past; pass., praeterferri, to be carried past, to 
Jlow, drive, go past, Liv. 

praetcrfluo, 3. to flow past, flow by; moenic, 



prae 



437 



prae 



Liv.; fig., nec'p..ieteritam (voluptatem) praeter- 
fluere sinere, vanish from tlie recollection, Cic. 

praetergredior -gressua sum, 3. dep. 
(praeter and gredior), to pass by, go beyond ; 
castra, Cic. ; primos suns, Sail. 

praetcritus -a -uin, partic. of praetereo. 

praeterlabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. I. to 
gli<ie by, flow by ; tumulum, Verg. ; tellurem, to 
sail by, Lucr. II. Fig., to slip away; ante 
cnim (definitio) praeterlabitnr quam percepta 
est, Cic. 

praetermeo, 1. to pctss by, go by, Lucr. 

praetermissio -onis, f. (praetermitto). I. 
a leavi)uj out, omission ; sine ullius (fonnae) 
praetermissione, Cic. II. a passing over, ne- 
glecting : aedilitatis, Cic. 

praetermitto -niisi -missom, 3. to let pass. 
A. Lit., neminem, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to let 
pass time, opportunity, etc. ; diem, Cic. ; occas- 
iones, Caes. ; 2, to neglect, omit ; gratulationem, 
Cic. ; defensionem, Cic. ; non or nihil piaeter- 
mittere, foil, byquin, or nihil practermittere, foil, 
by qnouiinus, Cic. ; 3, in writing or speaking, to 
pass over, omit; quod dignum memoria visum, 
praetermittendum non existimavimus, Caes. ; 
verba, Cic. ; tantam rem negligenter, Liv. ; 4, 
to overlook, let pass unpunished, Liv. 

praeterquam, adv. except, Cic. ; praeter- 
qnam quod, except that, Cic. ; praeterquam . . . 
etiam, Liv. ; nihil praeterquam, Liv. 

praetervectio -onis, f. (praetervehnr), a 
passing by, travelling past; in praetervectione 
omnium, Cic. 

praetervehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. I. to 
ride by, sail by, be carried past, Cic. ; naves 
Apolloniam praetervectae, Caes. ; classis prae- 
tervehens, Liv. ; praetervehens equo, Liv.; lig., 
locum cum silentio, pass by in silence, Cic. ; 
oratio aures vestras praetervecta est, Cic. II, 
Of soldiers, to.nw.rch past, Tac. 

praetervolo, 1. to fly past. I. Lit., quern 
praetervolat ales, Cic. II. Fig., to slip by, 
escape ; praetervolat nurnerus, Cic. ; occasionis 
opportunitas praetervolat, Cic. 

praetexo -texiii -textum, 3. I. to weave 
before, form an edge, border, fringe; 1, lit., 
purpura saepe tuos fulgens praetexit aniictus, 
Ov. ; toga or tunica purpura praetexta, Liv. ; or 
simply toga praetexta, Cic. ; or subst., prae- 
texta -ae, f. an upper garment, bordered with 
purple, worn by the magistrates at Rome and in 
the Italian munieipia and coloniae, and by free- 
born children, till they assumed the toga virilis, 
Cic. ; hence, meton., praetexta -ae, f. (sc. 
fabula), a Roman national tragedy, Hor. ; 2, 
transf., a, to provide with a border, adorn; to 
yrovide, furnish with ; omnia lenioribus principiis 
natura praetexuit; b, to fringe; cover; pnppea 
pmetexnnt litora, Verg.; fig., to cover, conceal; 
culpam nomine conjugii, Verg.; c, to atlorn; 
Augusto prae textum nomine templum, Ov. II. 
to put forward as a pretext ; eupiditatein tri urn- 
phi, Cic. 

praetexta, v. praetexo. 

praetextatus -a -uin (praetexta, from 
praetexo). I. clad in tin praetexta, Cic. II. 
licentious; inures, Juv. 

praetextum -i, n. (praextexo), a pretence, 
pretext, Tac. 

praetextus -ii, m. (praetexo). I. outward 
appearance, consideration, conse<iuence, Tac. II. 
a pretext ; sub levi verborum piiietextn, Liv. 

praotingo -tinctus, 3. to dip in or moisten 

beforehand, Ov. 

praetor -Oris, m. (for praeitor, from praeeo), 



lit., one who goes before; hence, leader, chief. 
Hence, I. In civil business, the praetor ; used of 
the chief magistrate at Capua, Cic. ; of the 
Suffetj's at Carthage, Nep. ; of the consul at 
Rome (also called praetor maxiuius), Liv. ; at 
Rome, esp., one of the praetors, the Roman 
magistrates who administered justice (urig. two, 
the praetor urbanus and the praetor peregrinus, 
of whom the former was judge in disputes 
between Roman citizens, the latter in disputes 
between foreigners and between Roman citizens 
and foreigners) ; praetor is also used for pro- 
praetor, a magistrate who, after lie had been 
praetor, was sent as a governor to a province ; 
praetor primus, the praetor who headed the poll, 
Cic. II. To translate Gr. orpanjyos, a com- 
mander of the army of a non-Roman nation, 
Cic. 

praetorianus -a -urn (praetorium), belong- 
ing to the imperial body-gitard, praetorian, Tac. ; 
plur. subst., praetorian! -orum, in. the prae- 
torian guard, Tac. 

praetorium, v. praetorius. 

praetorius -a -urn (praetor). I. Adj., A. 
relating to the praetor, praetorian; a, of the 
praetor at Rome, comitia, election of the praetor, 
Liv. ; jus, administered by the praetor, Cic. ; 
potestas, office of praetor, Cic. ; b, relating to a 
praetor or propraetor in the provinces; domus, 
dwelling of a propraetor, Cic. B. relating to « 
general or commander, Cic; navis, the admiral's 
ship, Liv. ; imperiuin, command of the fleet, Cic. ; 
porta, the gate of the camp near the general's tent, 
Caes.; Conors praetoria ; (a) the general's body- 
guard, Caes. ; ironically, scortatoruni praetoria 
cohors, Cic; (/3) (in imperial Rome) the emperor's 
body-guard, the praetorian guard, Tac. II. 
Subst, A. praetorium -ii, n. 1, the official 
residence of the praetor or propraetor in a province, 
Cic. ; hence, transf., a palace, Juv. ; 2, the chiej 
place in a Roman camp, where the geiieral's tent 
was, and where the ara, the augurale, and the 
tribunal were, to whichthe soldiers were summoned 
to hear speeches from the general, the officers to hold 
a council of war ; lit celeriter concursus in prae- 
torium, Caes. ; praetorium mittere, dimittere, 
to dismiss the council of war, Liv. ; poet,, the cell 
of the queen-bee, Verg. ; 3, the imperial body- 
guard, Tac. B. praetorius -ii, m. (sc. vir), a 
jxist praetor, Cic. 

praetrepido, 1. to tremble exceedingly, to 
be hasty or impatient; praetrepidans, hasty, Cat, 

praetura -ae, f. (praetor), l.theoffice, dignity 
of a praetor at Rome ; praeturS se abdicare, Cic. 
II. = o-Tpa-niyCa, the dignity of a general in Greece, 
Cic 

Praetutli -Grum, m. a people in Italy, in 
Picenum. Adj., Praetutianus -a -urn, Prae- 
tutian; ager, Liv. 

praeumbro, 1. to oversliadow; fig., to ob- 
scure, Tac. 

praevalens -entis, partic. of praevaleo 

(q.v.). 

praeuro -nasi -ustum, 3. to burn at the end 
or tip; hnsta praeusta, Liv. ; stipites ab summo 
praeacuti et praeusti, Caes. 

praevaleo -valni, 2. I, to be physically 
strong; praevalens juvenis RomanUs, Liv. II. 
Transf., to be very strong or pov'erful, to hate 
great influence, to be stronger, tr have more influ- 
ence than others, to prevail, to get the upper hand ; 
praevalens populus, Liv. ; praevalet piignii 
equestri, to lie stronger in, Tac. 

praevalidus -a -uin. I. Lit., very strong. 
very powerful; juvenis, Liv. II. Fig., a, of 
persons, etc., Blaesus, Tac. ; urbs, Liv. ; b, of 
things, terra, too fertile, too productive, Verg. 



prae 



4:3$ 



pre 



praevaricatio -onis, f. (praevaricor), a vio- 
lation of duty; esp. of an advocate who lias an 
understanding with the opposite party, coHh- 

sion, Cie. 

praevarieator -oris, m. (praevaricor), one 
who violates his duty, esp. of an advocate, 
accuser, etc., one who has a secret understanding 
with the ojrposite party, a double dealer; prae- 
varieator signiflcat eum qui in contrariis causis 
quasi vaiie esse positns videatur, Cic, 

praevaricor, l. dep. (varico). I. Lit., to go 
crooked, walk crookedly, Plin. II. Fig., to play 
a false or double part ; esp. of an advocate or 
accuser who has. a secret understanding with 
the other side, to be guilty of collusion, Cic. 

praevarus -a -um, very perverse, Cic. 

praevehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. to ride or 
be carried before, in front, past ; praevectU9 equo, 
riding past, Verg., Liv. 

praevenlo -veni -ventolin, 4. to come before, 
anticipate, get the start of; liostis breviore via 
praeventurus erat, Liv.; with ace, hosteni, 
Liv. ; morte praeventus, overtaken by death, Liv. 

praeverro, 3. to sweep or brush before ; veste 
vias, Ov. 

praeverto (praevorto) -verti(-vorti) -ver- 
stun (vorsuin), 8. and praevertor -verti, 3. 
dep. I. to undertake before ; quod hllie sermoni 
praevertendnm, Cic. II. to go before, run before, 
outstrip. A. Lit.., ventos, Verg. B. Fig., 1, to 
anticipede ; with ace = <o hinder, make of ?m 
avail; quorum iisum opportnnitas praevertit, 
Liv.; 2, to lay hold of before, preoccupy; prae- 
vertere aninios aniore, Verg. ; 3, to be of more 
importance, to surpass, to be weightier ; ncc posse 
bello praevertisse quidquam, Liv. ; 4, (dep. 
praevertor only in present forms) ; a, to turn 
to first, to take more notice of; ilhic piacvcrtamur, 
Hor. ; b, to go to, make a visit to ; in Thessaliain, 
Liv. 

praevldco -vidi -visum, 2. to see before, fore- 
see. I. Physically, ictum venientem, Verg. II. 
Transf., respublica quam pracvideo in summis 
perlculis, Cic. 

praevltio, 1. to corrupt or vitiate beforehand ; 
gurgitem, Ov. 

praevius -a -um (prae and via), going before, 

preceding, Ov. 

praevolo, 1. to fly before; praevolantes 
grues, Cic. 

pragmaticus -a -um (7rpay,iaTocd?), skilled 
in civil affairs, state business, etc. ; pragmatic! 
homines, Cic. ; subst., pragmatious -i, m. 
a person who sullied orators and advocates with 
materials for their speeches, Cic. 

prandeo, prandi, pransum, 2. (prandium), 
to take breakfast, to breakfast, Cic. ; with ace, to 
breakfast on ; olus, lnscinias, Hor, 

prandium -Ii, n. (conn, with Dor. np&v = 
vpoinv), a late breakfast, or lunch, taken about 
noon, of bread, fish, mid meat, etc. ; prandium 
(alicui)dare, Cic; aliquem ad prandium iuvitaie, 
Cic. 

pransus -a -um (prandeo), having lunched ; 
curatus et pransus (of soldiers), ready for 
action, prepared for battle, Liv.; pransus, potus, 
having eaten and drunk well, Cic. 

pratcnr.is -e (pratnm), of or relating to a 
meadow, graving in a meadow; fungus, Hor. 
pratulum -i, n. (dim. of pratum), a little 

meadow, Cic. 

pratum -i, n. I. a meadow : pratorum 
viiiditas, Cic. II. Meton., meadow-grass, Ov. 

prave, adv. (pravus), lit., crookedly ; hence, 
ill, wrongly, Cic. 



pravitas -atis, f. (pravus). I. crookedness, 
irregularity, deformity; membrormn, Cic. ; oris, 
a distortion of the mouth in. speaking, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. irregularity, impropriety, Cic. B. 
moral irregularity, wickedness, pervevsity,pruvity; 
mentis, Cic. ; consilium, Liv. 

pravus -a-um, crooked, irregular, misshapen. 
deformed. I. Lit., membra, Cic. II. Transf.] 
morally crooked, perverse, improper, wrong ; 
atfectio, Cic. ; pravissima regula, Cic 

Praxiteles -is and -i, m. (Upa^reXn^), a 
SCXdptor of Athens, especial! y famous for his statues 
of Aphrodite at Cnidus and of Eros at Thespiae. 
Hence, adj., Fraxitelius -a -um, of Praxi- 
teles. 

precario, adv. (precarius), by entreaty; rog- 
are, Cic 

precarius -a -um (precor), legged for, asked 
for, obtained by entreaty. I. libertas, Liv. ; orare 
precariam opem, Liv." II. Transf., uncertain, 
insecure, precarious ; forma, Ov. ; imperium, Tac. 

precatio -onis, f. (precor), a begging, en- 
treating, request, prayer; ilia sollemnis comiti- 
orum precatio, Cic 

preces, v. prex. 

preciae (pretiae) -arum, f. a kind of vine, 
Verg. 

precor (praecor), l. dep. (prex), to beg, 

entreat, request, pray, invoke. I. Gen., (a) with 
ncc. of pers., deos, Cic ; ()3) with ace of thing, 
opem, Liv. ; haec precatus sum, Cic. ; (y) with 
ut or ne, or ut ne or non precor, foil, by quo- 
minus and subj., precor ab diis ut, etc., Cic; 
(6) absol., emu sororem dedisse Prusiae precanti 
atque oranti, Liv.; used also of things, dextra 
precans, Verg. II. to wish good or evil; bene 
precai'i, Liv. ;_male precari, Cie. 5 precari alicui, 
to curse, n person, Cic. (partic, precantia, three 
syllables, Verg.). 

prohendo, priihondi, prehensum, 3. and 
syncop., prendo, prendi, prensum (prae and 
HENDO, \avSdvio), to lay hold of, seize hold of, 
catch. I. aliquem mann, Cic; of the soil, tellus 
preliendit stirpes, Cic II. Esp., A. to lay hold 
of, to catch, detain, in order to speak to a per- 
son ; aliquem, Cic. B. to catch, detect in any 
act; in furto, Plant. C. to seize violently, to 
tal;e hasty possession of; Pharum, Caes. D. 
Meton., to reach; bras Italiae, Verg.; quum ip- 
stim ea moderantem et regentem paene pren- 
derit, observed, Cic. 

- prehenso, and oftener prenso (intens, of 
prehendo), 1. to lay hold of, seize. I. manus, 
Liv. II. Esp., A. to lay hold of a person in 
order to speak to him, to make a. request, etc. ; 
genua, Tac. ; veteranos, Liv. B. '0 canvass for ' 
an office; homines, Liv.; patres, Liv.; absol.,' 
prensat Galba, Cic. 

prelum -i, n. (premo), a wine-press, olive- 
press, Verg. 

premo, pressi, pressum, 3. to press. I. Gen.-, 

1, a, lit., ad pectora nntos, Verg. ; vestigia 
aliCUlUS, to follow in any one's footsteps, Tac; 
frena dente, to champ, Ov. ; b, fig., necessitas 
rum premebat, Cic. ; premi acre alieno, Cic ; 

2, transf., a, to touch; litus, Hor.; insulain 
pi emit amnis, sitrroundi, Ov. ; b, to hold ; frena 
mann, Ov. ; c, locum, to be often- in a place, 
frequent; forum, Cic; so to press with the body, 
lie. on ; huniuni, Ov. ; ebur, poet.= the eurule 
chair of ivory, Ov.; d, to cover, conceal; canitiem 
raleS premiums, Verg.; ossa, ^0 bury, Ov. ; fig., 
(a) to bury, wrap; me pressit alta quies, Verg.; 
(/3) to conceal, suppress ; curam sub corde, Verg. ; 
e, to make something by pressing ; caseuni, Verg. ; 
lac. to moke cheesf, Verg. ; f, to press hard, to 
pursue closely, uress upon; hostes, Caes.; op- 



pre 



439 



pri 



pidum obeidione, Caes.; cevvumad ietia, to drive 

into the nets, Verg.; tig., to pursue until words; 
aliqiiem, Cic ; aliquemcrimiiiibus,Ov. ;g,*o lade, 
to load ; carinae pressae,Verg. II. A. to press in; 
dcntes in vite, Ov.; presso vestigio, Cic; transf., 
to marl; rem nota, ,Ov. B. a, to extinguish; 
igneni, Verg.; b, to press out ; oleum, Hor. C. 
to press down ; a, lit., (a) enrriun, Ov.; aulaeuiu 
premitur, Hor.; (p) to plant; virgulta per agros, 
Verg.; (y) io strike to the ground; ties famulus, 
Verg.; b, tig., (a) to slander, depreciate; aliqnem, 
Liv. ; hnmana omnia, to despise, Cic. ; (/3) to 
surpass; facta premant annos, Ov.; M to rule, 
keep within bounds; populos ditione, verg. D. 
to press together; a, alicui fauces, Ov. ; colluni 
laqueo, Hor. ; b, to draw in ; liabenas, Verg. ; 
equos currcntes, to check, Verg.; c, to pare down, 
prune; umbram falce, Verg.; fig., to shorten; 
quae dilatantur a nobis, Zp.no sic preme.bat, Cic. 
E. to hold back ; cursum, to check, Cic; vocein, 
to be silent, Verg. 

prendo — prehendo (q.v.). 

prensatio -onis, f. (prenso), the canvassing 
for an office, Cic. 

prenso — prehenso (q.v.). 

presse, adv. (pressus), a, of pronunciation, 
not broadly, neatly; presse et aequabiliter et 
leniter, Cic; b, of style, briefly, concisely; 
dicere, Cic; c, accurately, precisely; pressins 
agere, Cic. 

pressio -onis, f. (preino), in plur., props, 
stays, Caes. 

presso, 1. (inlens. of premo), to press ; maim 
brachia, Ilor. ; libera, to milk, Ov. 

1. pressus -a -wu, p. adj. (from preino). I. 
Lit., slow, measured; presso gradn, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, 'measured; of pronunciation, slow, 
controllcl, moderate; soni, Cic; 2, short, con- 
cise; oratio. Cic. ; orator, -Cic. ; 3, accurate, pre- 
cise; Tbuoydidca verbis pressus, Cic. 

2. pressus -us, m. (premo), a pressing, pres- 
sure; ponderuin, Cic 

prestei' -eris, m. (TrprfTrrip), a Jiery whirl- 
wind, Lucr. 

pretiose, adv. (pretiosus), in a costly man- 
ner, splendidly, magnificently; vasa pretiose 
eaelata, Cic 

pretiosus -a -um (pretium). I. costly, pre- 
cious, of great valve; equus, Cic; fulvo preti- 
osior acre, Ov. ; res pretiosissimae, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. costly, high-priced, dear, Prop. B. 
txtravagant, giving a high jvicc for a thing; 
emptor, Hor. 

pretium -li, n. (root PRET, *paa, <t>pi&), 
worth, value, price. I. Lit. and fig., 1, lit., 
pretium constitiiere, to fix the price, Cic. ; pret- 
ium habere, to be worth something, Cic. ; so esse 
in pretio, Liv.; parvi pretii esse, Cic; 2, fig., 
operae eorom pretium facere, to prize, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. money; pretio emere, for money, 
Cic; esp., ransom-money ; pactum pro capite 
pretium, Cic. B. wages, pay ; a, manus, Cic ; 
tig., operae pretium est, or videtur, with iiilin.. 
it is worth the. while, Cic ; b, prize, reward ; 
eertainiiiis, Ov. ; riullo satis digno morae pretio 
tempus ternnt, Liv.; c, pay = punishment ; et 
peccare nefas, aut pretium est inori, Hor. ; d, 
bribe; adduci pretio ad homiiiein condciiinand- 
uni, Cic. 

prex, precis, only in dat., ace, and aid., 
gen. plur., pieces, precuni, f. u request, entreaty. 
I. Cen., preces adhibcre, Cic; piece uuinili, 
Cic. ; omnibus precibus petera or orare lit, etc, 
Caes., Cic. II. Esp., a, prayer; eoruiu preces 
ac vota, Cic; b, a curse, execration; omnibus 
precibus detestari aliquem, Caes.; c, a wish; 
damus alternas accipimusque preces, Ov. 



Priamus -i, m. (ITpia/uo?). I. the last ling 
of Troy, husband of Hecuba, father of Paris, 
Hector, Cassandra, etc. Hence, A. Priameis 
-idis, f. a daughter of Priam, Cassandra, Ov. B. 
Priamides -ae, m. a son of Priam, S'erg. C. 
Adj., Priameius -a -um, belonging to Priam; 
liospes, Paris, Ov. ; conjux, Hecuba, Ov. II. 
grandson of foregoing,' son of PolittS. 

Priapus (-5s) -i, in. (ilpiaTros), the god cf 
gardens and vineyards, the god of fertility, orfg. 
worshipped at Lampsacus. 

pridem, adv. (from old foam pris, whence 
prior, pridie and -dein). I. long ago, long since; 
jam pridem, long ago, Cic ; non ita pridem, not 
very long ago, Cic. II. formerly, Cic. 

pridie, adv. (from old form pris, whence 
prior, pridem and dies), on the day before yester- 
day ; with ace. or genit. of the day from wbicli 
the reckoning is taken, or foil, by quain, pridie 
eum diem, Cic. ; pridie eius diei, Cic. ; pridio 
quam Athenas veni, Cic. 

Priene -es, f. (Jlpirivrf), a sea-port in, Ionia, 
birthplace of Bias, now Hamsun Kalesi. 

primaevus -a -um (primus and aevuin), 
young, youthful ; Helenor, Verg. 

primanus -a -um (primus), belonging to the 
first legion. Subst., pnmaui -orum, m. sol- 
diers of the first legion, Tac 

primarius -a -um (primus), in the first rank, 
excellent, distinguished ; vir populi, Cic. 

primigenius -a um (primna and geno 
= gigno), original, primitive, Varr. Subst., 
Primigenia -ac, f. « surname of the goddess 

Fortune, Cic. 

primigenus -a -um (primna and geno = 
gigno), original, primitive, Lucr. 

primipilaris -is, m. (primipilus), the cen- 
turion of the first maniple of the triarii. 
primipilus, v. pilna. * 

primitiae -arum, f. (primus), first-fruits, 
Ov. ; transf., metallorum, the minerals first taken 

out. of a mine, Tac.; spolia et primitiae, first- 
fruits of victory, Verg. 

primitus, adv. first, for the first time, Lucr. 

primo, adv. (primus), firstly, at first, in the 
beginning; primo . . . dein or deinde, Cic; 
primo . . . post, Liv. ; quum primo, as soon as, 

primor -oris (primus), the first. I. the 
foremost part, tip. rvd ; primori in acie 
versari, Tac. ; sumere aiiquid digitalis duobus 
primoribus, with the tips of the fingers, Plant.; 
aiiquid primoribus labris attingere, or gustare, 
to touch with the lips, i.e., to treat superficially, 
Cic. Subst., primores, the foremost (milit 1. 1.); 
quum primores caderent, Liv. II. Transf., the 
first in rank, most distinguished ; juventus, Liv. 
Subst., primores -um, ra. the most illustrious; 
civitatis, Liv. 

primordium -ii, n. (primus and ordior), 
the first beginning, ccmnnenctrment, origin; urbis, 
Liv. Plur., primoidia renin), Cic. 

primum, adv. (primus). I. first, firstly, at 
first; foil, by deinde,- turn, etc., Cic. II. for 
the. first time ; quo die primum convocati suiniis, 
Cic. III. With ut, ubi, quam, simulac, as soon 
as, Cic. ; quam primum, as soon as jiossible, Cic. 

primus, v. prior. 

princeps -clpis, c. (primus and capio), adj. 
and subst. I, Lit, princeps est in agendo, 
Cic. ; prineipes inveniendi, first to discover, Cic. ; 
princeps senatus, the senator whose name storel 
first on the Censor's list, Liv. II. the chief, the 
most distinguished. A. Gen., with genit., prin- 



pri 



440 



pro 



cipes civitatis, Cic. ; principes conjurationis, 
the head*, Cic ; rerum publicarum principes, 
Cic. ; esp., princeps juventutis, one of the most 
distinguished of the patrician youth, esp. (iiiioi?;? 
the patrician knights, Cic ; with in and the abl., 
in jure civili princeps, Cic. ; plnr., principea, 
distinguished men, Cic. B. Esp., 1, chief, leader, 
founder; Zeno princeps Stoicoram, Cic; 2, a 
ruler, prince, esp. of the emperor at Rome, Ov. ; 
3, principes, orig. the. first rank in a Roman 
army, afterwards the second line, between the has- 
tati and triarii ; hence, princeps, a, a maniple 
of the principes ; signum primi principis, Liv. ; 
b, a centurion of the principes ; princeps prior, 
Caes. 

principalis -e (princeps). I. first, original; 
causae, Cic. II. Transf., relating to the chief 
place in a Roman camp (principia) ; via, porta, 
the broad alley which passed through the centre of 
a Roman camp, Liv. ; porta principalis, dextra, 
sinistra, the gate on each side, Liv. 

principalis -us, m. (princeps), the first 
place, preeminence. I. Gen., tenere principatum 
sententiae, to have the right to rote first, Cic. II. 
Esp., A. the first rank in the state, or army, and 
gen., rule, dominion; Cassio principatum dari, 
Cic. ; principatum in civitate obtinere, Cic. B. 
In philosophy, the governing principle of actions 
(Gk. to 7JYe/ioi'iKdr),*Cic. C. a beginning, origin, 
Cic. 

principialis -e (principium), original, Lucr. 

principium -li, n. (princeps), a beginning, 
origin. I. Lit., principium dicendi, Cic. ; prin- 
cipio belli, Liv. ; ducere principium ab aliquo, 
to make a beginning with, Cic. ; (in) principio, in 
the beginning, at first, Cic. ; a principio, from the 
beginning, Cic. II. Met.on., A. the groundwork, 
foundation ; id est principium urbis, Cic. ; plnr., 
principia, the elements, first principles ; juris, Cic. 
B. 1, the tribe or curia which voted first, the pn- 
rogative tribe, etc. ; Faucia curia fuft principium, 
Liv. ; 2, the beginner, founder; moris, Ov. C. 
Milit. 1. 1., principia -6mm, 1, the front ranks, 
Sail.; 2, the chief place, chief street in a camp, 
where stood the tents of the general, legates, and 
tribunes, and where speeches were delivered to the 
soldiers, the head-quarters ; in vestrorum eas- 
trorum prineipiis, Cic. 

prior -us, genit. -oris, snperl., primus -a 
■ran (from old form pris, whence pridem, pridie, 
pristinus). I. Compar., A. Lit., the first, the 
first of two; priores pedes, Nep. B. Transf., 1, 
first in order of time, former, first of two ; comitia, 
Cic; consul anni prioris, Liv.; priore aestate, 
in Vie previenis summer, Cic ; subst., priores 
-um, m. ancestors, Verg. ; 2, better, preferable, 
more excellent ; res nulla prior potiorque visa est, 
Liv. ; nihil prius nee potius est quam (foil, by 
infln.), Liv. II. Bnperl., primus -a -um, the 
first. A. Of place, the first, foremost; a, adj., 
Ehuronnm fines, Caes. ; primis labris, with the 
tipsofthe lips, Cic; b. subst., prirni, the foremost, 
Cic. B. Transf., 1, first in order or in time ; a, 
adj., pri'naelifterae.Cic; esp.,(o)in poets, primus 
for primum, vix prima inceperat, aestas, Verg. ; 
(fi) partitive, prlmS nocte, in the first pctrt of 
the night, Caes. ; b, subst.., a lirimo, from the 
beginning, Cic. ; in primo, at first, Cic. ; plnr., 
prima, thebeginning, Liv. ; the elements, Luer. ;in 
primis, at the beginning, Liv. ; 2, of rank, Bta- 
tion, eU;., first, most excellent, most distinguished ; 
homines primi, the most illustrious, Cic ; comitia 
prima (i.e., rentnriata and tribute), Cic. ; prima 
tenere, to hold the first place, Verg. ; partes 
primae, or simply primne, the leading part (on 
the stage), Cic ; primas agere, Cic. ; primae, the 
first prize ; primns ferre, deferre, Cic. ; in primis, 
especially, Cic. 



prisce, adv. (priscus), after the manner of 
the ancients, sternly, severely ; agere, Cic. 

priscus -a -um (from pris, cp. Gk. irptV). I. 
ancient, antique; priseis viris, Cic. ; hence Tar- 
qninins Priscus, the first of his line, Liv. ; esp. 
with the notion of ancient, venerable, belonging 
to the good old times; priscam imiteriseveiiiatem, 
Cic. II, Transf., A. former, previous; Venus, 
Hor. B. severe, stern, Cat. 

pristinus -a -um (from pris, cp. Gk. rrpiV, 
as crastinus from eras), former, previous, early, 
pristine. I. Gen., dignitas, Cic ; snos, Cic ; in 
pristinum statum redire, Caes. II. just past, 
of or relating to yesterday ; diei pristini, Caes. 

prlstis -is, f. and pistrix -tricis, f. 
(Trpt'o-Tis). I, any sea moyister, a v:hale, shark, 
saw-fish, Verg. II. Transf., a, the constellation 
of the Whale, Cic; b, a small, sicift-sailing shi/ 
of war, Liv. ; name of a ship, Verg. 

prius, adv. (prior). I. before, prexiously, 
Cic. ; foil, by quam, before that, before, Cic II. 
formerly, Cat. 

privatim, adv. (privatns), privately, as a 
private person, in private life. I. Lit., privatim 
aliquid gerere, Cic ; si privatim mandasset, Cic. 
IL Transf., at home; privatim so tenere, to re- 
main at home, Liv. 

privatio -Onis, f. (pvivo), a freeing from; 
doloris, Cic. 

privatus -a -um (privo), private, of or re- 
lating to a private individual. I. a, of things, 
privati et separati agri, Caes. ; vita, Cic ; neut. 
subst., in private, at home, Liv. ; private con- 
silio, without the authority of the state, on 07ie's 
own account, Caes. ; in privatum vendere, for 
private use, Liv.; tribntum ex private conl'erre, 
from one's private property, Liv. ; b, of persons^ 
as a private man, Cic. ; vir privatus, Cic ; and 
subst., privatus, a private person, Cic. ; reges, 
augures, privati, Cic II. Esp., in imperial 
times, not belonging to the royal family, Tac. 

Privernum -i, n. a town in Latlum, now 
Piperno. Hence, Privernas -atis, relating to 
Privernum, Cic; in Privernati, in the county of 
Privernum, Cic. 

privigna -ae, f. (fern, of privignus), a stejh 
daughter, Cic. 

privignus -i, m. (= privigenus, from privns 
and gigno, one begotten se}iarateiy), a step-son, Cic. 

privilegium -ii, n. (privus and lex), a law 
relating to one person only, a special law, private 
law ; privilegium ferre, irrogare, Cic. 

privo, 1. (privus). I. In a bad sense, to 
deprive of; aliquem vita, Cic. II. In a good 
sense, to free from; aliquem dolore, Cic. 

privus -a -um. I. single; in dies privos, 
Lucr. ; homines, Cic. II. Transf., A. each, 
every, Lucr. ; used distributively, one each ; 
bubus privis bini.sque tunicis donati, Liv. B. 
particular, special , one'sown; privatriremis, Hor. 

1. pro (old abl. neut. of * prus -a -um, cp. 
prae, connected with ttoo), before, far. I. Adv., 
only in phrases proqnam, prout. II. Prep, with 
abl. A. Lit., of space, 1, before, in front of ; a, 
in answer to the question, where? sedens pro 
aede, Cic; b, in answer to question, whither? 
Caesar pro castris snas eopias produxit ; 2, be- 
fore, on, in; pro tribunal], Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
for, in behalf of, in favour of; hoc non modo 
non pro me, sed contra me est, Cic; dimicare 
pro legions, Cic; 2, a, in place of, for; pro 
consnle, Cic ; pro qnaestore, Cic ; b, as, tin 
good as ; pro damnato esse, as good as ror.dcmnea, 
Cic. ; se pro cive gerere, to behave as a citizen, 
Cic; 3, for, as a reward, or as wages for; 
(alicni) pro mentis gratiam referre, Cic; pro 



pro 



441 



pro 



vectura solvere, Cic. ; aliquem pro scelere suo 
•.iloisci, Cues.; 4, in proportion to, according to, 
conformably with, in consideration of; pro multi- 
tudine hominum et pro gloria belli atque forti- 
tudinis, Cic ; pro caritale reipublicae, Cic. ; 
agere pro viribus, Cic. ; pro virili parte, to the 
best of one's abilities, Cic. ; pro tempore et re, as 
the time and circumstances demanded, Caes. ; pro 
mea parte, for my part, Cic. ; pro se quisque, 
each one according to his strength, Cic. ; pro eo, 
just as, according as; foil, by ac and atque, or 
quam, quantum, etc., pro co quanti te facio, 
according to my estimation, of you; 5, through; 
ut pro suffragio renuutiaretnr, Cic. 

2. pro! (proh !), interj. oh! ah! pro dii 
immortales, Cic; pro deuin atque hominum 
(idem ! Cic. ; pro sancte Juppiter, Cic. 

proagdrus -i, in. (npo^yopos), the chief 
magistrate in certain Sicilian cities, Cic. 

proavitus -a -um (proavus), of or relating 
to a great-grandfather, ancestral; regna, Ov. 

proavus -i, in. I. a great-grandfather, Cic. 
IL Transf., an ancestor, forefather, Cic. 

probabilis -e (probo). I. probable, credible, 
not impossible ; ratio, Cic. II. pleasing, accept- 
able, worthy of approval, good; probabilior populo 
orator, Cic. ; vir ingenio sane probabili, Cic. 

probabilitas -atis, f. (probabilis), proba- 
bility, credibility ; captiosa, Cic. 

probabiliter, adv. (probabilis), probably, 
credibly ; dicere, Cic. ; probabilius accusaie, 
Cic. 

prbbatio -onis, f. (probo). I. a proving, 
testing, test, trial, examination ; athletaruin, Cic. 
II. an approving, approval, Cic. 

probator -<5ris, in. (probo), one who ap- 
proves, a>i approver ; facti, Cic. 

probatus -a -um, p. adj. (from probo). A. 
approved, excellent; ceterarum homines artiuni 
speetati et probati, Cic. ; femina probatissima, 
Cic. B. pleasant, agreeable; ut nemo probatior 
primoribua patrum esset, Liv. ; probatissimus 
alien i, Cic. 

probe, adv. (probus), well, rightly, fitly, pro- 
jkcIii, excellently; scire, nossc, meminisse, Cic; 
do Servio probe dicis, Cic. ; hoc probe stabilito 
et lixo, Cic. 

probitas -atis, f. (probus), honesty, upright- 
ness, probity, worth, modesty, Cic. 

probo, 1. (probus). I. A. to try, test, prove, 
examine; a, lit., munera, Tac. ; opera quae loc- 
assent, Liv. ; b, transf., aniicitias utilitate, Ov. 
B. to approve, be satisfied, with, esteem good and 
serviceable ; (a) lit., donuun tiuim perspexi atque 
vehemeiiter probavi, Cic. ; (/3) transf., to approve 
of, morally or intellectually ; consilium, Cic. ; 
causain et hnminem, Caes. ; aliquem judicem, 
Cic. II. to recommend as good, represent as good, 
guarantee ; a, alicui libros oratorios, Cic. ; 
obscurius vitium pro vero probatur, Cic. ; se 
probare alicui, to recommend oneself to some one, 
gain a person's approval. ; se in legatione sociis, 
Cic. ; in pass., probari alicui, to appear worthy 
of approval, Cic; b, to show, prove, demonstrate ; 
crimen, Cic. ; causain, Cic; with ace. and infln., 
probare judicious Verrem pecunias cepisse, Cic; 
absol., dilllcile est probatu, Cic. 

probrosus -a -um (probrum), shameful, dis- 
graceful, infamous, ignominious; crimen, Cic; 
carmen, Tac. 

probrum -i, n. I. a shameful, infamous 
deed; 1, gen., alicui probrum objectare, Cic; 
emergere ex paternis probris ac vitiis, Cic ; 2, 
esp., unchastity ; probri insiniulasti pudieis- 
aimam feininam, Cic. II. Transf., shame, dis- 
orace ; infamy; l t gen., probro esse, Cic; prq- 



brmn inferre alicui, Cic ; alicui ut probrum 
objicere quod, etc., Cic ; 2, esp., abuse, insult, 
libel ; epistolae plenae oiniiiuin in me probrorum, 
Cic. ; niulta objicere probia, Cic. 

probus -a -um, good, excellent, fine; a, physi- 
cally or intellectually, res, Cic ; navigium, 
Cic; ingenium, Cic; b, morally, good, upright, 
virtuous, honourable ; hlius, Cic. ; homo probior, 
Cic. 

Proca (Procas) -ae, m. an o(h king of Alba. 

procacitas -atis, f. (procax), shamelessness, 
impudence, Cic. 

procaciter, adv. (procax), shamelessly, im- 
pudently, Liv. 

procax -ciicis (proco), shameless, bold, im- 
pudent, importunate, insolent ; a, of persons, in 
lacessendo, Cic. ; procacius stipendiuin flagitare, 
Liv. ; b, of things, serine. Sail. ; scripta,. Tac. ; 
auster, blustering, Verg. 

procedo -cessi -cessuni, 3. to go forth, go 
before, proceed. I. Lit. and transf., A. Gen., I, 
lit., a, e tabernaculo in solem, Cic; alicui 
obviam procedere, to go to meet, Cic. ; b, milit. 
t. t., to advance; lento atque paulatim, Caes.; 
ad dimicanduni, Liv. ; c, to appear, show oneself, 
step forward ; procedere in medium, Cic; esp., 
to come forward to speak to un assembly; pro- 
cedere in contionein, Liv. ; 2, transf., toaduance; 

a, of ships, quantum naves processisseut, Cues.; 

b, of stars, to appear; processit Vesper, Verg. 
B. Transf., to advance, 2^'rogress, of work, etc., 
magna pars operis Caesaris processeiat, Caes. 
II. Fig., A. Gen., a, in dando et credendo 
longius procedere, to go too far, Cic ; eo pro- 
cessit vecordiae ut, etc., he went to such a pitch 
of madness that, etc., Sail. ; esp., to advance to- 
wards some good, go on, make progress ; in philo- 
sophia, Cic ; b, to run on, continue, be counted 
up; stipendia, acra alicui procedunt, Liv.; hence, 
transf., to be of use to, do good to ; benefacta 
mea reipublicae procedunt, Sail. ; c, of time, 
dies procedens, Cic. ; si (puer) aetate proecsserit, 
Cic. ; multum diei processeiat, Sail. B. Of 
actions, etc., to turn out in. a certain u-ay, to 
result; si bene processit, Cic; alicui bene, 
pulchcrriine, Cic; and absol., to turn out well, 
to be prosperous ; si piucessit, Cic. 

prooella -ae, f. (procello), a storm, tempi I, 
gale; 1, lit., nimbi, procellae, turbines, Cic; 2, 
transf., a, ft sudden charge of cavalry, onset, 
charge; priinam procellam eruptionis sustinero 
non posse, Liv. ; b, procellae insidiarum, Cic. ; 
procellam temporis devitare, Cic. 

procello, '3. (pro and cello), to throw down, 
cast down, Plaut. 

prdcellosus -a -um (procella), stormy, tem- 
pestuous, Verg., Liv. 

pr8cer -eris, m. 041 illustrious person ; usually 
plur., prooeres -um, m. chiefs, nobles, princes; 
audicbam euim nostros proceres clamitantes, 
Cic. 

procere, adv. (procerus), far outstretched ; 
coinpar., brachium procerius projectum, Cic. 

proceritas -iitis, f. (procerus), height, slvn- 
ness, slenderness. I. Lit., cameli adjuvantur 
proceritate collorum, by the length of their necks, 
Cic ; arborum, Cic. II. Transf., length (of a 
syllable or foot in poetry) ; pedum, Cic. 

procerus -a -um (pro and cerus, from loot 
CEP, CRE, whence creseo), tall, slender, long. 
I. Lit., of bodies, etc., collnm, rostrum, Cic. ; 
of trees, procerissiina populus, Cic II, Transf., 
in rhythm and pronunciation, long; pioceiior 
quidam Humerus, Cic - 

processio -6nis, f. (procedo), a military u<(: 
ra.iff, Cjc, 



pro 



442 



pro 



processus -lis, in. (procedu), a going forth, 
advance, course, progress; gradus ct quasi pro- 
cessus uicendi, Oic. ; tantos progressus eflieiebat 
ut, etc, Cic. 

PrSchyta -ae, f. and PrSchy^te -cs, f. 

(llpoxii-n;), an island on the const of Campania, 
now 1'rocida. 

procido -cidi (pro and cado), 3. to fall down 
forward, fall forward; preaceps procidit ante 
proratii, Liv. 

procinctus -us,in.(procingo),a being girded; 
hence, a being equipped for battle, readiness for 
battle; in procinctu ac castris habiti, Tac ; 
testaiuentum in prociuctll facere, on the battle- 
field, Cic. 

proclamator -Oris, in. (proclaino), a bawler, 
vociferutor (of a bad advocate), Cic. 

proclamo, 1. to mil out, cry out; absuL, 
Cic. ; with ace. and infin., se flliain jure caesam 
judieare, Liv.; pro aliquo (contemptuously of 
an advocate), to defend a person, Liv. 

Procles -is, in. (ITpokAt)?), son of Aristodem/us, 
brother of Enrysthenes, king of Sparta, founder of 
the family of the Proclidae. 

proclino, 1. act. to bend, incline forwards, 
to bend ; mare in litora, Ov. ; transf., proclinata 
jam re, approaching consummation, Caes.; ad- 
juvare rem proclinatuin, tottering to its fall, 
Caes._ 

proclive (prodivi), eompar., proclivius, 
adv. (proelivis), downwards; proclivi currere, 
labi, Cic. 

proelivis -e and proclivus -a --inn (pro 
and clivus), inclined forwards, sloping down- 
minis, steep. I. Lit., via proelivis, Liv.; sulisl . 
I*r proclive, downwards, Liv. II. Fig., 1, 
ineton., going downwards; proclivi eursu et 
faeili delabi, Cic. ; 2, inclined to, ready for, 
prone to; «<! morbum, Cic. ; ail comitatem, Cic ; 
3 ? easy to do; ilia facilia, proclivia, jucunda, 
Cic; alicui est proclive, with infin., Caes.; 
(llctu proclive est, it is easy to say, with acu. 
and Infill., Cic. 

proclivitaa -fit is, f. (proelivis), a slope ; flg., 
inclination, tendency, proneness ; ad niorbos, Cic. 

proclivus = proclivi'; (q.v.). 

Procne (Progne) -es, f. (iipd/cnj). I. 
daughter of Pandion, sister of Philomela- and wife 
of Tereus, changed into a swallow. II, Meton., 
u swallow, Verg. 

. proco, l. and procor, l. ilep. to as!:, in- 
dent, Cic. 

proconsul -sfdis, in. « proconsul, one who 
after hU consulship (and sometimes without 
having been consul), was governor of a province, 
Cic. 

proconsularis -e (proconsul), o/or relating 
to a proconsul, jiroconsular, Liv. 

proconsulatus -fls, m. (proconsul), the office 
or dignity of a proconsul, Tac. 

procrastinatio -Onis, f. (proci-astino), a 
putting off from day to day, procrastination, Cic. 

procrastino, 1. (pro and crastino), to put 
off till to-morrow, procruslinate, Cic. 

procreatio -Onis, f. (procreo), begetting, 
procreation, Cic. 

procreator -oris, in. (procreo), a begetter; 
inuudi, Creator, Cic. ; procreatores = parents, 
Cic. 

procreatrix -Icis, f. (procreator), one that 
bringi forth, vuither ; transf., artium, Cic. 

procreo,!. I, to beget, procreate ; of animals, 
to bring forth ; multipliers ictus, fir. II, Fig., 
tii bring forth, prmluce, run.-, make; inter Wlilli 
civimii (trjl uiiatum) nrucrealuui, Cic. 



procresco, 3. I. to grow forth, arise, Lucr. 
II, Fig., to increase, Lucr. 

PrScris -cridis, f. (lipoids), daughter o) 
Erectheiis, wife of Cejmalus, who killed her in a 
finest, mistaking her for an animal. 

Procrustes -ae, m. (npo/<pov<mjs), a robber 
in Attica, who tied his prisoners to a bed, stretch - 
ing the limbs of those shorter than the bed, ami 
cutting off the limbs of those who uric taller; 
killed by Theseus. 

prociibo, 1. to lie stretched out, to lie along ; 
ubi saxea procubet umbra, Verg. 

prdcudo -Cflsi -cusuin, 3. I. 1, to thrust or 
drive forward, Lucr.; 2, to forge; enses, Hor. 
II. Fig., linguani, to form, train, Cic. 

procul, adv. (from procello). I. afar of, at 
a distance, Jar a/way ; non procul, sed hie, Cic; 
foil, by a, ab, far from; procul a terra abripi, 
Cic; by abl. alone, procul coetu hominum, 
Liv. II. Transf., far from, far away ; with 
abl., procul dubio, without doubt, Liv. ; baud 
procul est, with quin and subj., it is not far 
from, Liv. ; of time, baud procul occasu solis, 
not long before, Liv. 

proculco, 1. (pro and calco), to tread, trample, 
upon; 1, things, is (aper) modo crescentes segetes 
proculcat in herba, Ov. ; 2, i>ersons, to trample 
to the ground, to tread down ; aliqucm, Tac. 

Proculeius -i, in. a Roman knight, friend of 
Augustus. 

procumbo -ciibui -ciibitum, 3. to lean or 
bend forward. I. Gen., A. 1, lit., of persons, 
olli certainine suinuio procumbunt (of rowers), 
Verg. ; 2, transf., of things, to incline forward ; 
secundum naturam fluuiinis, Caes. II. to fall 
down, sink down, to fall prostrate. A. 1, lit., of 
living beings, alces procumbunt, Caes.; of per- 
sons in prayer, entreaty, etc., procunibere alicui 
ad pedes, Caes. ; ail genua alicuius, Liv. ; of 
persons wounded, vulneribns confectum pro- 
cumbere, Caes. ; 2, transf., of things, frunieuta 
iiubribus procubuerant, were laid low, Caes. 
B. Fig., to sink, fall ; res procubuere meae, Ov. 

procuratio -onis, f. (procure), a taking care 
of, management, administration. I. (Jen., rei- 
publicae, Cic ; mearum rerum, Cic. ; annonae, 
Cic. II. Esp., 1, under the empire, the office oj 
imperial procurator, Tac. ; 2, a religious act for 
the propitiation of an offended deity ; ut sue plena 
procuratio Beret, Cic 

procurator -Oris, m. (procure), a manager, 

administrator, agent, factor, deputy. I. Gen., 
regni, a viceroy, Caes. ; with genit. of person, 
procurator P. Quinctii, Cic. II. Esp., 1, a 
land steward, land agent, Cic. ; 2, in imperial 
times, a functionary who collected the imperial 
revenue both in Home and in the provinces ; pro- 
curator Caesaris, Tac. ; procurator Judaeae, Tac 

procuratrix -trlcis, f. (procurator), she that 
governs; fig., sapientia totius hominis procura- 
trix, Cic. 

procuro, 1. to take care of, look after, tend. 
I. Gen., corpus, Verg. ; sacritlcia, Caes. II. 
F.sp., 1, to manage, administer any one's affairs ; 
alicuius uegotia, Cic. ; hereditateui, Cic. ; 2, to 
offer sacrifice in order to avert an evil omen; 
moiistra, Cic. ; prodigia, Cic 

procurro -curri and -cftcurri -cursnni, 3. to 
run forward, rush forward, charge. I. Lit., of 
persons, ex castris, Caes. ; in vias, Liv. ; ad 
repellenduin liostcin, Caes. II. Transf., of 
places, to project, jut out, run forward; infelix 
saxis in procurrentibus haesit, Verg. ; terra pro- 
currit in aequor, Ov. 

procursatio -onis, f. (procurso), a running 
funnifd, chargei velitiuii, Liv. 



pro 



443 



Pro 



procursator -oris, in. (procurso), one wlio 
rv,7is forward ; milit. 1. 1., proeursatores, skir- 
mishers, Liv. 

procurso, l. (intcus. of procurro), to run 

forward, spring forward ; as milit. 1. 1., to skir- 
mish, Liv. 

procursus -as, in. (procurro), a running 
forward; anil esp., in military language, an 
advance, charge; procursu lnilitum, Liv. 

procurvus -a -am, bent forward, curved 
forward; falx, Verg-; Utora, winding, Verg. 

procus-i, m. (proco), a wooer, suitor; transf., 
impudentes proci, candidates, Cic. 

Procyon -5nis, in. (ripoKuuu), a constellation 
which rises before the Dog-star, Cic. 

prod = pro (q.v.) 

prodeo -ii -itum, 4. to go, come forth. I. 
A. 1, lit., obviain wilii est proditum, Cic. ; 
prodire ex portu, Caes. ; in publicum, to appear 
in public, Cic. ; iu proelium, Caes. ; 2, esp., to 
appear in some character, to come forth, e.g., as 
an actor ; in scenam, Cic. B. Fig., a, to appear, 
show itself; eonsuetudo prodire coepit, Cic. ; b, 
to go forth = to become; prodis ex judice Dama 
turpis, Hor. II. to advance, go forward. A. 
1, lit., longius, Caes.; 2, transf., to project; 
rapes prodii in aequor, Verg. B. Fig., sumptu 
extra modum, to exceed the mark, Cic. 

prodico -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to sag before, 
Cic. (?) II. tojixfur a later time, put ojf; diem in 
Quirinalia, Cic. 

prodictator -oris, m. one who acts as dic- 
tator, Liv.p) 

ProdlCUS -i, in. a Greek sophist of Ceos, con- 
temporary of Socrates. 

prodlge, adv. (prodigus), prodigally, extra- 
vagantly ; vivere, Cic. 

prodigentia -ae, f. (prodigo), profusion 
prodigality, Tac. 

prodiglaliter, adv. strangely, wonderfully, 
Hor. 

prodlglOSUS -a -urn (prodigium), unnatural, 
strange, wonderful, prodigious, Ov. 

prodigium -ii, u. (prod and agere), a. prodigy, 
portent, omen, ominous sign. I. Lit., multa 
prodigia eius vim declarant, Cic. II. Transf., 
a ? a Monstrosity, something unnatural ; prodigium 
videbatur civitatum frumentum improbare, 
suuin probare, Cic; b, a monster; prodigium 
triplex, Cerberus, Ov. ; fatali portentum pvo- 
digimnque reipublicae (of Clodius), Cic 

prodigo -egi -actum, 3. (prod and ago), I. to 
drive forth ; sues, Varr. II. Transf., to spend, 
■waste; alieua, Sail. 

prodigus -a -um (prodigo), prodigal, profuse, 
extravagant. I. a, lit., Cic. ; with genit, aeris, 
Hor.; b, tig., with genit., animae, not sparing 
his own life, Hor. ; arcani, revealing a secret, 
Hor. ; with in and the abl., in honoribus decern- 
endis nimius et tainquaui prodigus, Cic. II. 
Transf., rich, abounding in; locus prodigus 
herbae, Hor. 

proditio -3nis, f. (prodo), a betraying, be- 
trayal, treachery, treason; amicitiarum prodi- 
tioues et rerum publiearuin, Cic. 

prodltor -5ris, m. (prodo), a betrayer, traitor; 
consulis, Cic. ; transf., risus latentis puellae 
proditor, Hor. 

prodo -didi -ditum, 3. I. to put forth, bring 
forth. A. Gen., to bring forth. ; fuinoso condita 
vina cado, Ov. ; suspiria pei-tore, Ov, B. Esp., 
1, a, to give, shoir, publish.; deeretuni, Cic; 
cxempluin, Liv. ; b, to proclaim elected, to op- 
ivii'-i '■; Mamiuem, iiitei'jegeiu, Cic.; C, to relate ; 



quae scriptures prodiderunt, Cic. ; d, to reveal, 
betray something secret, to betray; couscios, Cic; 
crimen VUltu, Ov. ; 2, to give up, discover, betray 
treacherously : classem praedonibus, Cic; aliquem 
ail mortem, Verg. ; utilitatem commuuem, Cic. 
II. A. to hand over, deliver, transmit; sacra 
suis posteris, Cic; esp. iu writing, memoriae 
prodere, to commit to writing, Cic; memoriae 
prodiderunt, with ace and inlin., Cic. B. to 
propagate ; genus, Verg. 

proddceo, 2. to leach, inculcate, Hor. 

prddrdmus -i, in. (Trp65pop:o5), a messenger, 
forerunner. I. Lit., Cic II. Transf., a north- 
north-east wind, said to blow for eight days before 
the rising of the Dog-star, Cic. 

produco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead forth. 

1. Gen., A. Lit, 1. equos, jumeuta, Caes. ; 2, 
milit. t. t., to laid forUi troops; copias pro 
castris, Caes. ; 3, a, polit. t. t., to bring before 
the public assembly or before a court of justice ; 
hariun rerum omnium auctores testesque, Cic. ; 
b, to bring out of prison; aliquein capite in- 
volute ad necem, Cic; c, to bring forward on 
the stage, on the arena, etc; aliquem, Cic. ; 3, to 
bring firth a co)pse to the funeral pile; aliquem 
funere, Verg. ; 4, to entice forth ; aliquem dolo 
in proelium, Nep. B. Fig., to bring before some 
one, reveal ; occulta ad patres crimina, Juv. 
II. A. Lit., 1, to advance ; unam navein longius, 
Caes.; to draw out, stretch out, extend; a, ferrum 
incude, Juv. ; b, in pronunciation, to lengthen 
out, make long; litteram, Cic; syllabam, Ov. ; 

2, a, to beget, produce; rig., nova (vocabula) 
quae genitor produxerit usns, Hor. ; b, to rear, 
bring up ; subolem, Hor. ; of plants, arborem, 
Hor. B. Fig., 1, to advance, promote; aliquem 
ad dignitatem, Cic; 2, to prolong (in duration 
of time); a, to continue, keep on; sermonem 
longiiK in multam nocteni, Cic ; b, to put off, 
jiostj>o)ie ; rem in hiemeiu, Caes.; c, to put off, 
delay ; eouditionibus hunc, quoad potest, pro- 
ducit, Cic. 

productc, adv. (productus), in a lengthened 
manner, long (of pronunciation) ; producte diei, 
Cic 

productio -onis, f. (produco), an extending, 
lengthening ; a, of a word by the addition of a 
syllable, Oic; b, of a syllable in pronunciation, 
Cic. ; c, of time, prolonging ; temporis, Cic. 

productus -a -um, p. adj. (from produco). 
I. Adj., extended, lengthened, prolonged ; pro- 
dnctiore cornu sinistro, Tac. ; quinto productior 
actu fabula, Hor. ; of words, nomon, lengthened 
by addition of a syllable, Cic. ; of syllables, long 
(iu pronunciation); (syllaba) producta atque 
tonga, Cic. ; of time, prolonged, drawn out ; 
dolores, Cic. II. Subst, producta -drum, n. 
(to TTporjY.ufVo), preferable things (in the Stoio 
philosophy, things which, while not absolutely 
good, were to be preferred, e.g., beauty, health), 
Cic. 

proeliator -oris, m. (proelior), a wanior, 
combatant, Tac. 

proelior, 1. dep. (proelium), to give battle, 
fight ; ad Syracusas, Cic ; pedibus, Caes. ; 
transf., vehementer proeliatus sum, striven, Cic. 

proelium -ii, n. a bcdtle, fight. I. a, lit, 
proelium facere, Cic. ; ledintegrare, Caes. ; 
inire, Liv. ; proelio abstincre, Caes. ; b, transf., 
of a light in words, proelia mea causa HUstinere, 
Cic II. Melon., proelia = fighters, combatants, 
Prop. 

Proetus -i, in. (npoiTos), king in Tiryns, 
brother of Acrisius. Hence, Proctis -idis, f. 
a daughter of Proetus; plur., Proetides, tht 
daughters of Proetus, who Were punished with 
madness, and imagined themselves to be cov:s. 



pro 



444 



pro 



profa.no, 1. (piofanns), to profane, desecrate ; 
sacra, Liv. ; festum, Ov. 

profanus -a -um (pro and fan urn, lit., 
lying before a temple, i.e., outside it), not sacred, 
not consecrated, I. Gen., common, profane.; 1, 
lit., locus, Cic ; bubo, avis, of eril omen, Ov. ; 
sulist., profanum -i, II. tliat which is profane, 
■unconsccrated, Tar.; 2, transf., profane, godless, 
impious ; verba, Ov. II, Esp., 1, not initialed, 
uninitiated ; procul este profani, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., not initiated in the service of the Muses; 
profanum vulgua, Hor. 

profectio -ouis, f. (proflciscor), 1, a depar- 
ture, Cic. ; 2, transf., source, origin ; pecuniae, 
Cic. 

profecto, adv. (pro and factus). trtfy, really, 
indeed, Cic. 

profero -tftli -latum -ferre, I. to carry forth, 
bring forth (from a place); 1, lit., a, mimmos 
ex area, Cic. ; pecuuiam alicui, Cic. ; b, milit. 
t. t., to deliver up, bring forth ; anna torment- 
aque ex oppido, Caes. ; c, to raise a. limb or part 
of the body ; caput, Ov. ; digitum, Cic. ; d, to 
bring forth, show; proferre in conspeetum liberos, 
Caes.; of writings, to publish, make known; 
orationem. Cic; 2, fig., a, to bring to light, 
reveal; (a) aliquid in medium, Cic; (/3) as a 
discoverer, to bring to light, produce; aliquid 
proferre in aspectum lucemque, Cic. ; proferre 
artein, Cic. ; b, to bring forward, produce, cite, 
mention ; testes, Cic ; nominatim inultos, Cic. ; 
exempla onmiuin nota, Cic. II, 1, to advance, 
move forward; a, milit. t. t., signa, to march on, 
Liv.; Hide castra, to move from thence, Liv.; b, 
to extend ; fines agri publici paulatim, Liv.; fig., 
tines otliciorum paulo longius, Cic, ; 2, fig., a, 
of duration of time, to extend, lengthen; beatam 
vitatn usque ad roguni, Cic. ; b, to put off, post- 
pone; diem auctionis, Cic. 

professio -5nis, f. (profiteor), acknowledg- 
ment, declaration, profession. I. Gen., bonae 
Voluntatis, ap. Cic. II. Esp., A. Lit., public 
declaration of one's name, property, ocrupatio 
etc; hacc peeunia ex eo genere est, ut profes- 
siouc noli egcat, Cic B. Meton., 1, the register 
n/ persons owl their property, Cic. ; 2, an occupa- 
tion, ort, profession ; belt" dicendi, Cic 

professorius -a -um, of or relating to a 
professor, professorial, Tac. 
professus -a -um, partic. of profiteor (q.v.). 

profestus -a -um, not kept as a, festival, com- 
mon ; dies, work-days, ordinary days, Liv. 

proficio -feci -tectum, :t. (pro and facio). 
to make progress, advance, gain ground, to get an 
advantage, to effeii anything. I. Of persons, 
nihil in oppugnatlone, Caes.; aliquid in philo- 
Kopliia, Cic. II. of things, a, to be of -use or ad- 
vantage to, to assist, help; nulla res tantumad 
dicendmn proflcit, quantum scriptio, Cic; b, of 
medical remedies, herba proticiente nihil, Hor. 

proflciscor -feet us sum -flcisci, S. dep. (pro 
and facio, facesso, faciscor), to set out, depart. 
go, travel, march, take a journey. I. Lit., ex 
nortu, Caes.; Aegyptum, Cic; ad or contra 
liostem, Caes.; emu exercitus parte frunient- 
atinii, Liv. II. Fig.. A. to go towards; ad 
reliqna, Cic. B. 1, to set out from, begin with; 
a lege, Cic. ; ab line initio, Caes. ; 2, meton., to 
arise from, spring from, originate, from ; » natura, 
Cic. ; qui a Zenone profecti sunt, Zeno's disciples, 
Cic. 

profiteor -fessus .sum, •_'. dep. (pro ami 
fateor), to acknowledge openly, confess, avow. I. 
Gen. , fateor at.que etiam profiteor, Cic ; with ace. 
and infln., profiteor me relatnrum, Cic. II. Esp., 
A. to profess ov declare oneself anything f a, with 
double ace, of pers., %e grammaticuui, Cic;b, 



with aec. an:! infill., me defensorem esse pro- 
fiteor, Cic; c, with aec of thing, to profess any 
science, art. etc. ; philosopliiam, Cic;. jus, Cic B. 
indicium, to turn king's evidence, Ball., Tac ; to 
offer, promise ; operam, Cic. ; profltetur so vent- 
urum, Cic C. to make a public statement or 
return, of property, etc.; jugcra, Cic; fru- 
mentum, Liv. ; noinen, Cic ; and simply pro- 
Uteri, to announce, oneself as a candidate] Sail. 
(Partic, professus -a -um, pass., known, ac- 
knowledged, avowed; culpa, Ov.) 

profligator -oris, m. (profligo), a spend- 
thrift, prodigal, Tac. 

profligatus -a -um, p. adj. (from profligo), 
1, cast down, ruined, wretched, Cic; 2, dissolute, 
profligate ; tu omnium mortaliuin profligatis- 
sime, Cic. 

profligo, 1. (pro and fligere), to strike to the 
ground. I. Lit., to overthrow, overcome; copias 
hostium, Cic. ; classem hostium, Caes. II. 
Fig., A. a, politically, to ruin.; rempublicam, 
Cic ; b, to lower, abase ; judicia senatoria, Cic. ; 
C, to bring almost to an end, nearly finish ; pro- 
tligatum helium et paenc sublatum, Cic ; pro- 
fligata jam hacc, et paeue ad exitum adducta 
quaestio est, Cic. 

proflo, 1. toblow forth, breathe forth ; Mammas, 
Ov. ; tig., toto proflabat pectore sonmum, Verg. 

profliiens -entis, p. adj. (from profluo), flow- 
ing. I. Lit., aqua, Cic. Subst., pro'fluens 

-entis, f. running water, Cic. II. Transf., of 
fluent; genus sermonis, Cic. 



adv. (profliiens), flowlngly, 



, flow forth. 
Cic. II. 



discourse, flowing 

profluenter, 

easily, Cic. 

prdfiuo -fluxi -tluxum, 3. to flow 
I. Lit., ex monte, Caes. ; in mare 
Fig., to flow forth, proceed ; ab his fontibus pro- 
fluxi ad hominum famam, Cic. 

profllivium -ii, n. (profluo), a flowing forth ; 
sanguinis, Lncr. 

■;r6for -fatus sum, 1. dep. 1, to say, speak, 
■ erg. ; 2, to foretell, predict, Lucr. 

profore, v. prosum. 

profugio -lugi -fugltum, 3. I. Intnni.it., 
to flee away, escape ; ex oppido, Caes. ; doni", 
Cic. ; alisol., Catilina ipse pertimuit, profugit, 
Cic II. to flee away from ; agros, Hor. 

profugUS -a -um (profugio), flying, fleeing, 
fugitive; a, gen., (a) of persons, populus,Tac; 
poet., Scythac, wandering, migratory, flying from 
one's native country, ban.islied, Hor.; (/3) of ani- 
mals, taurus, Tac. ; (7) of things, eurrus, Ov. ; 

b, Of soldiers, flying from battle, Sail. ; C, ot 
exiles, with abl., patria profugus, Liv. ; ab 
Thebis, Liv. ; ex Feloponneso, Liv. ; subst., 
profugUS -i, m. a fugitive, exile, Ov. 

profundo -fudi -ffisum, :i. to pourjorth, shed 
abundantly, cause to flow. I. A. Lit., sanguinem 
suum omnem, Cic. ; vimlacrimarum, Cic ; reflex., 
se profundere, and middle, profundi, to stream 
forth ; lacrimae se profuderunt, Cic B. Transf., 
1, to stretch at full length; somnus membra 
profudit, Lucr. ; 2, a, reflex., se profundere, or 
middle, profundi, to pour ovt, rush forth; omuis 
multiludo sagittariorum se profudit, Caes. ; ol 
plants, quae (in vitibus) se minium profuderunl, 
have shot out, Cic. ; b, to utter ; clamoiem, Cic ; 

c, to bring forth, produce; ca quae frugibus 
atquc bacis terrae fetu profunduntur, Cic. ; 3, 
in spend, sacrifice, gire up; pro patrift vitam, 
Cic ; in a bad sense, to spend, lavish, squander; 
pecuniaiu, Cic ; patrimonia, Cic If. Fig., a, 
to pour, vent, expend vpon; oniiie odium in me, 
Cic ; b, reflex., se profundere, to burst forth, to 
pour forth, msh forth ; voluptates'subito se piqi 
1'lUl'luiit., fjic, T 



pro 



445 



pro 



Pr6fundU3 -a -urn. I. deep, profound; 1, 
lit, mare, Cic. ; subst, profundum -i, n. 
the bottomless depth ; aquae, Cic. ; absol., poet. = 
the sea, Vera. ; 2, flg., libidines, Cic. ; avaritia, 
Sail. II. Transf., A. high ; caelum, Verg. B. 
deep, dense : sihae, Lucr. 

profuse, adv. (profusus). I. in a disor- 
derly manner; profuse tendere in nostra, Liv. 
II. Fig., lavishly, extravagantly; profusins 
HUinptni ileditiia erat, Sail. 

profusus -a -urn, p. adj. (from profiindo), 
immoderate, extravagant ; 1, gen., liilaritas. Cic. ; 
2, esji., a, iin made. rate, in expenditure, extrava- 
gant, Cic. ; with genit., sui profusus, Sail. ; b, 
trausf., costly; epulae, Cic 

progener -i, a grand-daughter's husband, 
Tac 

progenero, 1. to engender, produce, Hor. 

progenies -ei, f. (progigno). I. descent, raee, 

lineage., CiC II. Meton., progeny,' offspring, 
descendants; wteres, qui se deorura progeniem 
esse dicebant, Cic. 

progenitor -oris, in. (progigno), the founder 
oj a family, ancestor, progenitor, Ov. 

progigno -genQi -genituin, 3. to engender, 
bring forth, bear, Cic. 

prognatus - a -lira (partic. of "prognoscor), 
born, sprung from; deo, Liv. ; ex Cimbris, Caes. ; 
ab Dite pa tie, Caes. 

Progne = Procne (q.v.). 

prognostica -orum, n. (TTpoyi/wo-n/ca), signs 
of the weather, a poem by Aratus, translated by 
Cicero, Cic. 

progredior -gressua sum -gredi, 3. dep. 
(pro and gradior). I. to go forth, go out; ex 
donio, Cic. II. to go forwards, to advance. A, 
Lit., of persons, regredi quam progredi mallent, 
Cic; milit. t.t., to advance; longius a eastris, 
Caes. B. Fig., to proceed, advance; a, quatenus 
amor in amicitia progredi ilebeat, Cic. ; b, in a 
speech, etc., to proceed to, go on; ad reliqua, 
Cic. ; c, of time, pauluni aetata progressus, 
advanced in years, Cic. 

progressio -onis, f. (progredior), an ad- 
vancing, progress, increase; a, progressionein 
facere ad vii tnteni, Cic. ; b, rhet. 1. 1., a gradual 
strengthening of expression, climax, Cic. 

progressus -us, m. (progredior), a going 
forwards, advance. I. Lit., aliquem progressu 
arcere, Cic. II. Fig., a, beginning of a speech ; 
primo progressu, Cic. ; b, progress, increase ; 
aetati.s, Cic. ; tantos progressus habebat in 
Stoicis, progress in the Stoical philosophy, Cic. ; 
progressus facere in studiis, Cic. 

proh! = pro ! (q.v.). 

prohibeo -bui-bitutn, 2. (pro and habeo). I. 
to hold back; hold in, check, restrain, hinder. A. 
Gen., praedones a Sicilia, Cic. ; aliquem a famil- 
iaritate, Cic. ; vim hostium ab oppidis, Caes. ; 
se suosque ab injuria, Caes. ; exercitum itinera, 
to obstruct on the march, Caes. ; with infill., pro- 
hibeo aliquem exire domo, Cic. ; with ne and 
the subj., potuisti prohiberene lieret, Cic. ; with 
qnin and the subj., nee, quiii eruinperet, pro- 
hiberi poterat, Liv. ; with quoiiiinus and the 
subj., prnliiljnis.se, qnominus tie te certuin haber- 
emus, Cic. ; with double ace, ideo ut prohiberct, 
Liv.; with simple ace, Caesarem, Caes. ; eon- 
atusalicuius, Cic. B. to hinder by words, forbid, 
prohibit; lex recta imperans, proiiibensqiic con- 
traria, Cic. II. to preserve, defend, protect; a quo 
periculo prohibete rempublicam, Cic. 

prohibitio -onis, f. (prohibeo), a hindering, 
prohibition ; tollendi, Cic. 

proiclo = projicio (q.v.). 



proin = proinde (q.v.). 

proinde, adv. I. just as, in the same i>ld)V 
ner, in like manner ; foil, by atque (ac), ut, quasi, 
quam, tamquam, Cic. II. therefore, then, hence, 
accordingly ; esp. used in phrases of exhorta- 
tion, encouragement, etc., Cic. 

projectio -onis, f. (projicio), a throw i tig for- 
ward, stretching out; brachii, Cic. 

1. projeotUS -us, m. (projicio), a projecting, 
jutting out, Lucr. 

2. projectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from projicio), 
stretching out, jutting forward, projecting ; urbs, 
Cic; snxa, Verg. I. Fig., a, prominent; nud- 
acia, Cic; b, addicted to; homo ad addendum 
projectus, Cic. II. stretched out, prostrate, til- 
ing. A. Lit., ad terrain, Caes. ; in autro, Verg. 

B. Fig., a, abject, base; patientia, Tac. ; b, oast 
down ; vnltns, Tac. 

projicio -jeei -jectum, 3. (pro and jacio). I. 
to throw, cast before, throwdowu. A. Gen., cibuiii, 
Hor. B. Esp., 1, to stretch forth, throw out ; a, 
of limbs, brachiuni, Cic. ;b, of buildings, puss., 
projici, to project ;■ tectum projiceretur, Cic. ; c, 
to throw or place a weapon before, one; clipeuin 
prae se, Liv.; 2, to push forth, drive forth ; a, 
aliquem foras, Cic. ; aliquem ab urbe, Ov. ; b, to 
banish; aliquem in insulam, Tac. II. to throw 
out, throw in front. A. Gen., crates, Caes. ; se. 
ad pedes alicuius, Cic ; projecta vilior algii, aist 
upon the shore, Verg. B. Fsp. 1, to throw away ; 
anna, Caes. ; lig., a, se projiccre, to lower one- 
self to, to stoop to ; in muliebres nVtus, Liv. ; b, 
to reject, abandon ; libertatem, Cic ; C, to expose, 
betray ; ab aliquo projici et prodi, Cic. ; 2, to 
cast to the ground; effigies, Tac. ; 3, to put off; 
aliquem ultra quinquennium, Tac. 

prolabor -lapsus sum -liibi, 3. I. to glide 
forward, slide forward, slip along. A. Lit. (ele- 
phanti) clunibus subsistentes prolabehantur, 
Liv. B. Fig., 1, to come to, fall into; hue 
libido est proiapsa, Cic; 2, to slip out, escape; 
verbuma cupiditate prolapsum, Liv. II. to fall 
down. A. Lit., ex equo, Liv. ; proiapsa Pergaina, 
Verg. B. Fiy. , 1, to fail, to err; cupiditate, 
timore, Cic; 2, to fall, go to ruin, sink; ita 
proiapsa est juventus ut, etc., Cic. 

prolapsio -onis, f. (prolabor), a slipping, 
sliding, Cic. 

prolatio -onis, f. .(profero). I. a bringing 
forward in discourse, mentioning ; exemplorum, 
Cic II. 1, an extension; fuiium, Liv.; 2, a 
putting off, deferring ; judicii, Cic. 

prolato, 1. (intens. of profero). I. to ex- 
tend, enlarge, lengthen ; agros, Tac. II. Trausf., 
A. to put off, delay, defer ; comitia, Liv. ; malum, 
Cic B. to prolong ; vitam, Tac. 

prolecto, 1. (intens. of prolicio), to entice, 
allure; egentes spe largitionis, Cic. 

proles -is, f. (pro and *aleo, alesco). I. 
offspring, descendants, posterity ; a, of gods and 
men, ilia futuroruui hominum, future genera- 
tions, Cic; Apollinea, Aesculapius, Ov. ; Latonia, 
Apollo and Diana, Ov. ; b, of animals, Verg. ; 

C, of plants, fruit, Verg. Ii. Transf., youth, 
young men; equitum peditunique, Cic. 

proletarius -ii, m. (proles), a citi:en of the 
lowest class who served the state only by being the 
father of children, Cic. 

prolicio, 3. (pro and lacio), to lure forth, 
entice, Ov. 

prolixe, adv. (prolixus). I. abundantly, 
copiously; id prolixe cumulateque fecit, Cic. 
II. freely, willingly; in delectu parum prolixe 
respondere, Cic. 

prolixus -a -um (pro and laxus), widely 
extended, wide, broad, long. I. Lit., Lucr. II, 



pro 



44(5 



pro 



Fig., 1, wilting, obliging; tua prolixabeiieflcaque 
natura, Cic. ; 2, prosperous, fortunate; cetera 
spero prolixa esse conipetitoribus, Cic. 

prologus -i, in. (irpoAoyos), a prologue, Ter. 

proloquor -Wciltus (-lOqufltus) sum -lfiqni, 
3. dep. to Sjienk out, say «vt. I. Gen., quod 
proloqni jnget, Liv. II. Esp., to prophesti, 

predict, Prop. 

proludO -ldsi -liisum, 8. In piny beforehand, 
to prelude, to practise beforehand, I. Lit., ail 
pi gnani, Ov. II. Fig., ut ipsis sententiis, qni- 
Ijus proluserint, ve>. pugnare possint, Cic. 

proluo -Mi -lfitnm, 3. I. to wash forth or 
tint. A. to rant iip, to wash ovt ; genus oiune 
natantnm litore in extremo ductus proluit, 
Verg. B. to wash off; tempestas ex omnibus 
montibus nives proluit, Caes. II. to wash; in 
vivo prolue rore manus, Ov. ; leni praecordia 
mulso (of drinking), Hor. 

prolusio -onis, f. (proludo), a iirelnde, pive- 
liminary exercise, essay, Cic. 

proluvies -ei, f. (proluo). I. on inunda- 
tion, Lucr. II. excrement; ventris, Verg. 

promereo -ui -Itum, and promereor 
-itus sum -eri, 2. dep. lo deserve, I. reus levins 
punitus quain sit ille promeritus, Cic. ; suo 
beneficio promeruit, se lit ames, Cic. ; partic 
subst., promeritum -i, n. deserts, merit; 
vestra in nos uni versa promerita, Cic. II. 
(Gen. in form promereor), to deserve (well) of; 
prouiereri bene de nmltis, Cic. 

Prometheus -ei and -eos, m. (Upo^Bak, 
the Forethinker), son of lapelvs, heather of 
Epimetlu us and father of Deucalion, the mythical 
hero, who made, man of clay, and stole, fire to 
aninutte his creation from heaven; for which he 
was hound to a rock in the Caucasus, where a 
vulture devoured his liver. Hence, A. Adj., 
Prometheus -a -urn, Promethean; jnga, Prop.; 
rupes, the. Caucasus, Mart. B. Subst., Prd- 
methlfides -ae, m. son of Prometheus, Deu- 
calion. 

prommens -entis (promineo), jutting out, 
projecting; subst., prominens -entis, n. a 
projection ; in prominent! litoiis, Tac. 

promineo -mlniii, 2. to stand mil, jut ovt, 
project. I. Lit., collis prominens, Liv. ; pro- 
niinet in altum, Liv.; pectore nndoprominentes, 
Caes. II. Fig. (justitia) foras tota promineat, 
to step forth, be prominent, Cic. ; maxima pars 
(glorine) in posteiitatem prominet, e 'tends, Liv. 

promisee, adv. (promiscus) = promfacue, 
Cic. 

promiscue, adv. (promiscuus), promiscvi- 
crusty, without distinction, Caes. 

promiscus = promiscuus (q.v.). 

promiSCUUS -a -um, mired, in. common, in- 
discriminate, promiscuous. I. Lit., comitia 
plebi ct. patribns promiscua, Liv. ; connubia, he- 
tirre,) patricia ns and plebeians, Liv.; divinaatqne 
lminana promiscua liabere, to nude no distinction 
between, Sail. ; in promiacuo esse, in '»■ common, 
Liv. II. Trahsf., common, usual, general, Tac. 

promissio -onis, f. (promitto), a promise; 
auxilii, Cic. 

promissor -oris, m. (promitto), a promise, 
esp., one who promises boastingly, a boaster, Hor. 

promissum -i, n. (promitto), a promise; 
promissum facere, to make a promise, Hor. ; 
promissa servare or prnmissis stare, to keep 
promises, Cic; praemiorum promissa, Cic. 

promiBSUS -a -um, p. adj. (from promitto). 
I. long, hanging down; of hair, eapillus, Cars.; 
caesaries, Liv.; barba, Liv. II, producing 
much expectation ; carmen, Hor. 



promitto -mlsi -missnm, 3. to tel goforxvant, 
send forth. I. to grow ; capillum et barbam, to 
let grow, Liv. II. 1, to promise, cause to expect, 
assure; a, with ace. of tiling and with or 
without accept person, si Neptumis, quod Thescn 
proiuiserat, non fecisset, Cic. ; with de and the 
abl., de horum erga me. bcnevolcntia promitt- 
ebam, Cic; with ace. and fut.. infill., promitto 
tibi, si valebit, tegulam ilium in Italia nullam 
relicturnm, Cic; b, to row, promise to a god ; 
donum Jovi dicatum et. promissum, Cic. ; c, 
promittere ad aliqueni, ad cenam, to accept an 
invitation to dine with; ad fratrem promiserat, 
Cic. 

promo, prompsi, promptnm, 3. (for proimo, 
from pro and emo), to bring forth, bring ovt, 
produce. I. Lit., 1, gen., medicaments de nar- 
thecio, Cic ; 2, esp., a, /" bring money out of a 
coffer, to produce ; aurnm ex aerario, Cic. ; esp. 
of the quaestor, alicui pecuniam ex nerario, 

Cic. ; b, to bring wine, up out of the cellar ; villa, 
Hor.; c, to bring weapons out ; telae pharetra, 
Ov. II. Transf., 1, gen., to bring forth, draw 
forth ; animus eruditns, qui semper ex se aliquid 
proniat, quoddelectet, Cic. ; 2, to bring forward, 
titter, express, mention ; plura adversus Cottam, 
Tac 

promoneo, 2. to warn; t. t. of augury, de 
periculis promoveri, Cic. 

promontorium -ii, n. (promineo). I. a 
mountain-peal;, Liv. II. a promontory, Cic 

promota -orum, n. (promoveo), (translation 
of the Greek npony^iva), preferable, things, next 
in degree to the absolute good, Cic 

promoveo -movi -motum, 2. to more for- 
wards, push onwards. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, of 
things, saxa vectibus, Caes. ; castra ad Car- 
thaginem, Liv. ; b, of persons, promovere 
legiones, cause to advance, Caes. B. Esp., 1, to 
advance a building in a certain direction, to push 
on; aggereni in urbeni, Liv.; assa in alteram 
angulum, toremore, Cic; 2, to extend ; impcrium, 
Ov. II. Fig., A. Gen., promovere arcana loco, 
to bring to light, Hor. B. to increase, improve : 
doctrina vim promovet insitam, Hor. 

prompto, adv. (promptus). I. promptly, 
quickly, readily, Tac II. easily, Juv. III. 
frankly, freely ; dicam paulo promptius, Cic 

1. promptus -a -um, p. adj. (from promo). 

I. visible, apparent, manifest; aliud clansnui in 
pectore, aliud promptnm in lingua habere, 
Sail.; promptaetaperta,C'ic II. Transf., ready, 
at hand, prepared. A. Of things, 1, gen., fidem 
suam populo Romano promptam, at the disposi- 
tion of, Cic; 2, esp., easy; defensio, Cic. B. 
Of persons, ready, prepared, resolute, quick, ilis- 
posea for; proniptissimua homo ct. experiens, 
Cic; with ad or in and thence, ad vim promptus, 
Cic; with abl., ingenio, lingua, Liv.; with genit. 
(of place), belli (in war) proinptissimos, Sail. 

2. promptus -u, m. (promo). I. a being 
visible, visibility, only in the phrases : in promptu 
esse, to lie visible, manifest, etc., Cic; in promptu 
ponere, to make manifest, Cic; in promptu 
habere, Sail. II. Transf., A. readiness, only in 
the phrases : in promptu esse, to he ready at hand, 
Cic. ; in promptu habere, to hare ready at hand, 
Cic B. easiness, only in phrases in promptu 
esse, to he easy, Sail. 

promulgatio -onis, f. (promulgo),a making 
publicly known, proclamation, promulgation (of a 
proposed law), Cic 

promulgo, 1. (pro and mulco), to publish, 
promulgate. I. Lit., legal t. t., to publish a pro- 
posed law (on three market-days); leges, Cic; 
proinulgare de aliquo, Cic. II. Transf., to pub' 
lish, make known; proelia, Cic. 



pro 



447 



pro 



promulsis -Mis, f. (pro and nililsitin), a dish 
taken as a relish before, a meal (eggs, salt-fish, 
radishes, etc), a whet. 

promunturlum = promontorium (q.v.). 

promus -i, in. (promo), the. slave who had 
cliargeof lite store-room and served out the daily 
supplies, steward, butler, Hor. 

promutiius -a •nm, advanced-, paid before- 
hand, Caes. 

prone, adv. (promts), downward*, on an in- 
cline ; prone ac fastigate, Cie. 

pronepos -potis, m. a great-grandson, Cic. 
proneptis -is, f. a great grand-davghter, 
Pera. 

pronis = promts, (q.v.). '■ 

pronoea -ae, f. (n-poi/oia), providence, Cic 

pronuba -ae, f. (pro and nubo), a matron 
who attended on a bride at a Roman- wedding; 
Juno Pronuba, the (/oddest who presided over 
•Marriage; trattsf., of Bellona, as presiding over 
an unlucky marriage (leading to war), Yerg. ; so 
of the Furies, Ov. 

pronuntiatlo -5nis, f. (pronuntio). I. 
'making known publicly, publication-, Caes. ; esp., 
the decision of a judge, a judgment, Cic. II. In 
logic, a proposition, Cic. 

pronuntiator -oris, m. (pronuntio), a re- 
later ; rerum gestarum, Cic. 

pronuntiatum -i, n. (pronuntio), in logic, 
a proposition, Cic. 

pronuntio, 1. to make publicly known, 
publish. I. Gen., to proclaim, announce; pro- 
nuiltiare quae ge.sta sunt, Caes. II, A. Esp.,polit. 
and niilit. t. t., to publish, proclaim, make known 
by proclamation ; a, in public gatherings, by 
the herald or crier at the command of the mag- 
istrate ; te illo honore affici pronuntiavit, Cic. ; 
pronuntiare aliquom praetorem, Liv. ; so of a 
command given to the soldiers in a camp ; pro- 
mintiatur prima luce ituros, Caes. ; so, publicly 
to promise something to the people; nummos in 
tribus, Cic. ; b, in the senate, of the consul, to 
announce a resolution and the name of its pro- 
poser ; Lentulus sententiam Calidii pronuntia- 
turutn se negavit,Cic B. Legal 1. 1., a, of judges, 
etc., (a) to express; graviorem sententiam, Caes. ; 
(0) to decide, pronounce a judgment; de tribunal) 
pronuntiavit sese recepturum, Cic. ; b, in an 
agreement for a sale, to make a statement as to 
the defects of the thing sold ; quutn in vendendo 
rem earn scisset et non pronunti.isset, Cic. C. 
Bhet. t. t., to declaim, recite, deliver; summit 
voce versus multos uno spiritu, Cic. 

proniirus -us, f. a grandson's wife, Ov. 

pronus -a -um, inclined forward, stooping 
forward, hanging down. I. A. Adj., a, of 
persons, pronus pendens in verbera, leaning for- 
ward to live blow, Verg. ; so of persons, swiftly 
running, Ov. ; b, of the position of parts of the 
body, inotu prono, Cic; c, of things, anmis, 
rushing down., Verg. ; d, transf., (a) of places, 
sloping ; Atixur fuit urbs prona in paludes, Liv.; 
poet., precipitous, steep; via, Ov. ; (j3) of stars, 
setting; Orion, Hor.; (y) of time, hastening 
away; menses, Hor. B. Subst., pronum-i, n., 
nihil proni liabere, Cic II. Fig., A. inclined 
towards ; 1, to something good or bad ; ad novas 
res, Tac ; in obsequium, Hor. ; in hoc consilium, 
Liv. ; 2, inclined, well-disposed, favourable; in 
aliquem, Tac. B. Heton., easy; omnia virtuta 
prona, Sail. ; id pronius ad hdem est, is more 
creditable, lAv. 

prooemium -ii, n. (n-pootTuoi-). I. a pre- 
face, introduction, prelude. Cic II. a beginning, 
Juv. 



propagatio •fink, f. (1. propago). I. an 
extension, enlargement. A. In space, imperii 
nostl'i, Cic B. In time, prolonging, extending ; 
temporis, Cic. ; vitae, Cic. II. planting, propa- 
gation, Cic; transf., of a race, Cic. ; nominis, 
Cic y 

pr5pagator -oris, m. (1. propago), an ex- 
lender, enlarger ; provinciae, Cic 

1. propago, 1. (pro and PAG-o, pango). I. 
Gen., A. to extend, enlarge ; fines provinciae, Cic. 
B. to extend in point of time, prolong ; bellum, 
Cic. ; laudem aliening ad sempiternam gloristn, 
Cic ; imperium consuli in annum, Liv. ; multa 
saeeula reipublicae, to prolong the existence of the. 
slate by many centuries, Cic. II. Esp., to' pro- 
pagate, plant; transf., of a race, stirpem, Cic 

2. propago -Inis, f. (1. propago). I. a sucker, 
layer, shoot ; esp., of the vine, Cic II. Transf., 
of men and animals, offspring, progeny, race, 
posterity; Romana, Verg.; catulornm, Lucr. ; 
plttr., clarorum virorum propagines, genealogies, 
Nep. 

propalam, adv. publicly, in public; dieere, 
Liv. ; collocate, Cic. 

propatulus -a -um, open, uncovered. I. 
Adj., in aperto jtc propatulo loco, Cic. II. 
Subst., prdpatulum -i, n. an open place, un- 
roofed space ; hence, in propatulo ; a, openly, 
Cic. ; transf., visibly, publicly, Sail. ; b, esp., 
in propatulo aedium, in the open fore-court of a 
liause, Liv. 

prope (from pro and pe, or else the_nenter 
of an unused adj., propis). Conipar., propius; 
superb, proxime. I. Adv., A. vicnr; 1, of 
space, near; volebam prope alicubi esse, Cic ; 
propius, nearer; accedere, Cic; proxime, next; 
proxime trans Paduni, Caes. ; 2, of time, near ; 
hence, proximo, a short time ago, just now ; quern 
proxime nominavi, Cic; 3, of other relations ; 
a, of approximation to ; (a) nearly ; prope erat 
tit pelleretur, he was near being, etc., Liv. ; 
propius nihil est factum quain ut occideretur, 
Cic; (J3) nearly, almost; annis prope quad- 
raginta, Liv. ; prope desperatis rebus, Cic ; 
prope adesse, to be close at hand, Cic. ; (y) 
more closely, more accurately ; propius res aspice 
nostras, Verg.; (S) of similarity, proxiineatque(ac) 
ille, Cic. ; b, of order, near; proxime a Lacyde, 
Cic. B. near by, close to, hard by ; gen. with a 
and the abl., prope a Sicilia, Cic. II. Prep, with 
ace (sometimes with dat.), 1, of space, near to; 
prope me, Cic. ; proxime hostem, next the enemy, 
Caes.; propius gratumatico acce.ssi, Cic; 2, of 
time, near to, close on; prope calendas Sext., 
Cic; 3, of approximation or similarity, not far 
from, near to: propius, nearer to; proxime, 
nearest to, ve)~y like to ; prope secessionem plebis 
res venit, Liv. ; propius tidem est, it deserves 
more crexlit, Liv.; proxime morem Romanuin, 
Liv. u 

propediem, adv. at an early day, very soon, 
Cic. 

prdpellO -piili -pulsunt, 3. to drive before 
one, drive forth, drive away. I. Lit., 1, of things, 
a, to drive away, push away ; crates pro luuni- 
tione objectas, Caes.; b, to hurl down; corpus 
alicuius e scopulo in profnndum, Ov. ; e, tn 
drive forward ; liavent in altuiil, Ov. ; 2, a, of 
persons, to drive away forcibly, repulse ; hostes, 
Caes. ; b, of animals, to drive away ; pecus extra 
portain, Liv. II. Fig., a, to drive away ; vitae 
pcriculum BO aliquo, Liv. ; b, to drive forwards ; 
oratioiiem diabeticorum reims, Cic. ; c, to drive, 
to compel ; aliquem ad voluntariani mortem, Tac 

propemodS, adv. (prope and modus), al- 
most, nearly, Liv. 

propomodum, adv. (prope and modus),, 
almost, nearly, cic 



pro 



449 



pro 



prSpendeo -pendi -pensuni, 2. to hang down. 
I. Lit., Uuitutn propenuere illa.ni boni lancem 
ut, etc., Cic. II. Fir, bona propendent, to 

prejionderate, Cic. ; inclinatione voluntatis ad 
aliquem, to be inclined to, favourable touxtrds, 
Cic. 

propense, ndv. (propensns), readily, will- 
ingly ; gen. compar., propeusins, Liv. 

propensio -5nie, f. (propendeo), an inclina- 
tion towards, propensity, Cic. 

propensus -a -urn, p. adj. (from propendeo), 
1, inclined to, disposed to ; ad misericordiam, 
Cic; in alteram partem. Cic; 2, coming near 
to ; ad veritatis similitiulinem, Cic. 

prfiperanter, adv. (propero), lustily, 
quickly, Tac ; properantius, Sail., Ov. 

properantia -ae, f. (propero), haste, rapidity, 

Sail. 

properatio -5nis, f. (propero), haste, Cic 

propSrato, adv. (propero), hastily, quickly, 
Tac. 

propero, 1. (properus). I. Intransit., to 
hasten (from a particular point); a, of persons, 
Romam, Cic. ; with in and ace, in patriam, 
Caes. ; with nd and ncc, ad aliquem, Caes. ; 
with adv., alio, Sail.; with infin., redire, Cic; 
absol., properantes arma currant, Sail. ; b, of 
things, pvoperans aqua per agro.% Uor. II. 
Transit., to hastei something, to accelerate, com- 
plete quickly; iter, Sail.; mortem, Verg. ; opus, 
stadium, Hor. 

Pr5pertiu8 -ii, m., Sex. Ai\relius, a Roman 
elegiac poet, torn, in Umbria, educated in i. 1 "". 
(about 40-15 B.C.). 

prdpSru 8 -a -urn, quick, rapid, hasty, bustling; 
circuinstant properi aurigae, Verg. 

propexus -a -um (pro and pecto), combed 
forwards, hanging doivn ; propexa in pectore 
Larba, Verg.; propexam ad pectora barbain, Ov. 

propinatlo -onls, f. (propino), a drinking 
to one's health, Sell. 

propiIH), 1. (irpOTriVw). I. to drink to any 
one; propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Cic. II. 
Transf., to give drink to any one, Mart. 

propinque, adv. (propinquus), near, close 
by, riant. 

propinqultas -atis, f. (propinquus). I. 
nearness, proximity; loci, Cic; h ostium, Caes. 
II. Transf., relationship; vinculia propinquit- 
atis conjunctus, Cic 

pr5pinquo, 1. (propinquus). I. Intransit., 
to come near, draw near, approach. A. Lit., a, 
of persons, with dat., scopulo, Verg. ; with ace, 
cainpos, Tac; b, of things, ignis domni aliening 
propinquat, Tac. B. Transf., of time, to draw 
near; Parcaruiu dies et vis inimica propinquat, 
Verg. II. Transit., to bring near, hasten; 
auguvium, Verg. 

propinquus -a -um (prope), near. I. Of 
space or position, neighbouring, bordering; pro- 
vincia, Cic; with dat., propinquus cubieulo 
hortus, Liv.; snbst. (in sing, only with a prep.), 
in propinqno esse, to be near, Liv. ; oppido pro- 
pinqua, the neighbourhood of the town, Sail. II. 
Transf., A. near, as regards time ; reditns, Cic 
B. Of other relations, a, similar; quae pro- 
pinqu.i viilentnr et linitima, Cic; b, near in 
point of relationship, closely connected ; cogliatio, 
Cic; witli dat., tibi geiiere propinqui, Sail.; 
subst., a kinsman, Cic. 

propior -us, genit. -Oils, sniperl., prox- 
imus -a -um (prope). I. Compar., prop- 
ior, nearer. A. Lit., of place, portus.Verg. ; 
pons, Caen.; with dat., propior patriae, Ov. ; 
Dent plur. subst., propriora, the nearer re- 



gions, Verg. B. Transf., 1, of time, nearer, 
more recent; epistola, Cic; with dat., propior 
leto, Ov. ; 2, a, of relationship, nearer, wore 
closely connected; societas, Cic; quibus propior 
P. Quinctio nemo est, Cic. ; b, nearer, more 
closely affecting ; sua sibi propriora esse perieula 
quam mea, Cic. ; c, nearer in point of likeness, 
more similar ; sceleri propriora, Cic ; propius est 
vero, Ov. ; with ace. and intln., Liv.; a, more 
suitable to; portus propior liuic aetati, Cic ; e, 
more inclined towards ; proprior Saturnia Turno, 
Ov. II. Superl., proximus -a -um, very near, 
nearest. A. Lit., of place, oppidum, Caes. ; 
vicinus, Cic; with dat., huic proximus locus, 
Cic. ; with ace, proximus quisque hostem, 
Liv.; with ab and the abl., aactylus proximus 
a postiemo, Cic; snbst., a, proximi, those 
standing next, Caes., or those standing nearest,- 
Caes.; b, proxlmum -i, n. the nearest, the 
neighbou rliaad ;c proximo, Nep. ; proximalllyriei, 
Liv. B. Transf., 1, of time, a, of the future, 
nert, following ; nox, Caes.; annus, Cic. ; b, if 
the past, nearest, most recent; quid proxnnii 
node egeris, Cic ; proximis superiorilms diebus, 
Caes. ; 2, of succession, next, following next ; 
proximus post Lysandrum, Cic; proximum est, 
with Infin., lion nasci homini optimum est, 
proximum autem (the next best thing) quam 
piimuni mori, Cic ; proximum est. with ut and 
the subj., the next thing is to, etc. ; proximum 
est ut doceain, Cic. ; 3, next in succession, in 
rank, in worth ; proximus est huic. dignitati ordo 
equester, Cic. ; 4, nearest akin, most nearly 
related ; proximus cognatione, Cic. ; subst., 
proximi -orum, m. near relations, Cic. ; 5, 
nearest in resemblance, most like; deo proximum, 
Cic 

propitio, 1. (propitius), to soothe, propitiate, 
appease; Venerem, Plaut. 

prdpltius -a -um (pro and peto, Gr. irpo- 
n-e-njs), favourably inclined, favourable, gracious, 
propitious; dii, Cic; hunc propitium sperant, 
Cic. 

propius, comp. of prope (q.v.). 

Propoetides -um, f. maidens of Cyprus who 
denied the divinity of Venus end were changeil 
into stone. 

propola -ae, m. (TrpoirciAijs), a forestaller, re- 
tailer, huckster, Cic 

propolluo, :!. to pollute greatly, Tac 

propono -posui -posltum, 3. I. to put. forth, 
place out, set in view, expose, display. A. Lit., 
vexillum, Caes. ; aliquid venale, expose for sale, 
Cic. ; oculis and ante oeulos, to place, before the. 
eyes, Cic B. Fig., 1, to place before, set before ; 
aliquein sibi ad imitandinn, Cic.; 2, to bring 
forward; proposita sententia, Cic.; 3, to pro- 
pose; proponat quid dicturus sit, Cic; 4, la 
report, relate, tell; rem gestam, Caes.; 5, to 
make known; epistolam in publico, Cic. ; hence, 
a, to propose, promise, offer as a rtwanl ; 
praemia alicui, Cic ; b, to threaten, menace; 
poenani improbis, Cic. ; 6, to propose a question 
for answer; quaestionem, Nep. ; 7, to i 
to oneself, purpose, intend; consecutus id, quod 
animo proposuerat, Caes.; with ut or ut lie and 
subj. ,(iuum mill i proposuissem utcommovei em, 
Cic; wiili Infin., quibus proposituin est contra 
oinnes philosophos dicere, Cic II. to state the 
,.,■ m [ss of a syllogism, Cic 

Prdpontis -Idis ami -Idos, f. (Ilpowoi-Ti?), 
the Propontis, now the Sea of Marmora ; hence, 
Propontiacus -a -um, of or relating to the 
PropontU. 

proporro. adv. furUier, moreover, Lucr. 

proportio -onis, f. proportion, relation, ana- 
logy, similarity, Cic. 



pro 



449 



pro 



propositio -onis, f. (propono). I. a selling 
hefore oneself; 1, the representation which a itum 
forms in hi* own mind oj something ; aninii, Cic. ; 
vitae, Cic. ; 2, the subject or theme of a discourse, 
Cic. II. In logic, the first 'proposition of. a 
syllogism, Cic. 

propositum -i, n, (propono). I. that which 
is set tie/ore one ; 1, a design, ■plan, purpose, in- 
tention ; propositum assequi, to accomplish a 
design, Cic ; teuere, lo keep to a design, Cic. ; 2, 
the subject or theme of a discourse ; ad propositum 
redeainus, Cic. II. the 'premiss of a syllogism, 
Cic. 

propraetor -oris, m. and pro praetore, 
a propraetor, a Roman who, after liaving been 
praetor at Rome, was sent as governor to a province 
without a military command, Cic. 

propria, adv. (proprius). I. Lit., peculiarly, 
exclusive! ii for onessclf; proprie parvfi parte frui, 
Cic. II. Transf., a, peculiarly, characteristically, 
personally ; quod tu ipse turn amandus es, id est 
proprie t.uum, Cic. ; b, specially, expressly ; 
cuius causam neque senatus publice neque alius 
ordo propi'ie susceperat, Cic. ; c, accurately, in 
a proper sense; illud honestum quod proprie 
vereque dicitur, Cic. 

proprictas -fitis, f. (proprius), a property, 
peculiarity ; rerum, Cic. ; plur., frugum pro- 
prietates, Liv. 

propritim (proprius), properly, peculiarly, 
Lucr. 

proprius -a -urn, one's own, special, particu- 
lar, peculiar. I. Lit., a, opp. to communis ; 
ista calnmitas communis estutriusque nostrum, 
Bed culpa mea propria est, Cic; often with 
possess, pron., proprius et suns, suus proprius, 
nostcr proprius, Cic. ; b, one's own, as opp. to 
alienus ; assumpto aliunde uti bono, non pro- 
prio, non suo, Cic. II. Transf., A. peculiar to 
a person or tiling ; a, characteristic of ; proprium 
est senectutis vitium, Cic. ; proprium est ali- 
cuius, with ace. and infln., it is the distin- 
guishing mark of, it is peculiar to; fnit hoc pro- 
prium populi Romani longe a domo bcllare, 
Cic; b, special, exclusive; nulla est in repub- 
lica causa mea propria, Cic. ; c, of words, proper, 
peculiar; discedebat a verbis propriis rerum ac 
suis, Cic. B. Esp., lasting, permanent ; munera, 
Hor. ; illud de cluobus consulibus perenne ac 
proprium inancre potuisset, Cic. 

propter (for propiter from prope), adv. I. 
near, hard by; quum duo reges cum maximis 
copiis propeassiut, Cic. II. Prep, with ace. A. 
Lit., of a place, near, hard by ; insulae propter 
Siciliam, Cic. B. Transf., on account of, by 
reason of, because of, for, from; metum, Cic.; 
frigora, Caes. ; propter quos vivit, by whose 
means he is alive, ivhom he has to thank for his 
life, Cic. (propter sometimes put after its case, 
as quern propter, Cic.). 

propterea, adv. on that account, therefore, 
Cic; toll, by quia, Cic; quod, Cic; ut or ne 
and the subj., Cic. 

propudiosus -a -urn (propudium), covered 
with infamy, full of shame, infamous, Plant. 

propudium -li, n. (= quasi porro pudend- 
um). I. a shameful action, Plant. II. Meton., 
a wretch, villain, rascal ; propudium illud et 
portentum L. Antonius, Cic. 

propugnaculum -i, n. (propugno), a for- 
tification, rampart, fortress, defence. I. Lit., 
liioenium, Tac ; propugnaculum Siciliae, of the 
fleet, Cic; propugnacula imperii, fleets and 
armies, Cic. II. Fig., a, lex Aelia et Fufla 
propugnacula tranquillitatis, Cic. ; b, groumls 
of defence; llrmissimo prnpugnaculo uti, Liv. 

15 



propugnatio -6nte, f. (propugno), defend, 
defending; llg., nostra propugnatio et defensio 
dignitatis tuae, Cic. «. 

propugnator -oris, m. (propugno), a de- 
fender, combatant, soldier. I. Lit., a, duplici 
propugnatoruin online defendi, Caes.; b, n 
marine; ilimissio propugnatoruin, Cic. II, 
Fig., a defender ; patrimonii sui, Cic. 

propugno, 1. to skirmish to the front. I. 
Intransit., to Jight in defence, to defend oneself; 
a, lit., uno tempore propugnare et mnnlre, 
Caes. ; e loco, Caes. ; pro vallo, Liv. ; pro suo 
partu (of animals), Cic. ; partic. snbst., pro- 
pugnantes, the defenders, Caes. ; b, transf., to 
fight for something, to fight in defence; pro fauia 
alicuius, Cic II. Transit., to defend; inu- 
nimenta, Tac. 

propulso, 1. (intens. of propello), to drive 
back, repel, ward off. I. Lit., hostem, Caes. ; 
populum ab ingressione fori, Cic II. Transf., 
i'rigus, famem, Cic ; suspicioiiem a se, Cic. 

propylaeon -i, n. (7rpoirv'Aoioi'), a gateway, 
entrance; plur., Pr&pWaea -drum, n. (t<x 

7rpo7ri'Aaia), the celebrated entrance to the Par- 
thenon at Athens, built by Pericles. 

pro quaostore, a proquaestor, a quaestor 
in a Roman province, who attended to the finances 
awl pay of the army, Cic. 

proquam, conj. according as, Lucr. 

prora -ae, f. (n-piipa), the prow, bow of a ship. 

I. Lit., Caes. ; prorae tutela = proreta, Ov. 

II. Me to 11.= a ship, Verg., Ov. 

prorepo -repsi -reptum, 3. to creep forward, 
crawl forth, Hor. 

proreta -ae, m. (n-pujpdn)?), the look-out man 
at the prow of a ship, Plaut. 

ProreSs -fti, m. (npwpeu's), a Tyrrhene sailor, 
Ov. 

prorlpio -ripiii -reptum (pro ami ranio), 3. 
to snatch, tear, drag forth ; hominem, Cic. ; se 
proripere, to rush forward, hurry; se in pub- 
licum, Liv. ; se ex curia, Cic ; se porta foras, 
Caes.; quo proripis (sc. te)? Verg.; llg., quae 
libido non se proripiet, Cic 

prdrdgatfo -5nis, f. (prorogo), 1, a prolon- 
gation, of a term of office, Liv. ; 2, a deferring of 
a fixed time, prorogation, Cic. 

prorogo, 1. 1, to propose to the people an ex- 
tension of something for some jierson, to prolong ; 
imperium alicui, Cic. ; provinciam, Cic ; 2, to 
put off; dies ad sol vend um, Cic. 

prorsum, adv. (pro and versum), forwards. 
I. Lit, a, Plaut. ; b, straightforwards, straight 
on, Plaut. II. Transf., at all,' Plant, Ter. 

prorsiis, adv. (pro and versus), turned for- 
wards, forwards. I. prorsUs ibat res, Cic II. 
Transf., a, utterly, absolutely, wholly, entirely; 
ita prorsus existimo, Cic; prorsus assentior, 
Cic; non prorsus, nullo modo prorsus, not at 
all ; nullo modo prorsus assentior, Cic ; b, in 
a word, to sum up, Sail. 

prorumpo -rttpi -ruptum, 3. I. Transit., 
to cause to break forth, thrust forth, send forth; 
1, lit., nubem atrain, Verg.; mare proniptum, 
the sea breaking in front, Verg.; transf., prorupta 
audaeia, unbridled, Cic. II. Intransit., to burst 
forth, break forth. A. Lit., per medios, Cic. 
B. Transf., to break out; prorumpit pestis, Cic; 
of persons, in sceleia ac dedecora, Tac 

proruo -rui -rutum, 3. . I. Intransit., to 
rush forth; qua proruebat, Caes. II, Transit., 
to overthrow, throw down, .cast to the ground, 
destroy ; munitiones, Caes.; vallum, Liv.; Albam 
a fundamentis, Liv. ; lmstem profligare ac pro- 
mere, Tac. 



pro 



450 



Pro 



prosapia -ae, f. a family race, slock (an ar- 
chaic word), Sail. ; coram, ut utamur vetcri 
verbo, prosapiam, Cic, 

proscaenium (proscenium) -li, n. (n-po- 
c^iioc), the part oj a theatre before the scenes, 
shtge, Liv. 

proscindo -scidi -scisstun, 3. to tear off in 
front, to rend. I. Lit., to break Up fallow land, 
plough up; poet., to plough; terrain, Verg.; 
meton., aequor, to plough the waters, Cat. II. 
Transf., to censurt, defame, satirise, Ov. 
_ proscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to make 
publicly known, publish, Cic; with ace. and 
infln., auetimiein in Gallia Narbone se factum, i 
esse, Cic. II. Esp., A. to offer publicly for sale or 
hire, advertise; insulam, bona, fnndnm, Cic. B. 
to confiscate the property of any one; possessiones, 
Cic. ; Pompeium, to confiscate the estates gained 
by Pompey, Cic. C. to proscribe, outlaw (by 
publishing the person's name in a list) ; ali- 
quem, Cic. ; proscripti -Omni, m. the pro- 
scribed, Sail. 

proscriptio -onis, f. (proscribo), 1, oh ad- 
vertisement of sale; bonorum, Cic; 2, a pro- 
scription, outlawry, Cic. 

proscriptiirxOrf 4. (desider. of proscribo), to 
desire to declare any one an outlaw, Cic. 

proseco -sScfii -sectum, 1. to cut off in front, 
cut off, esp., to cut off the portions of a victim to 
be sacrificed ; exta, Liv. 

prdsectum -i, n. (proseco), the jxirt of a 
■vidiyn. cut off to be offered to a god, the entrails, 
Ov. 

prosemino, 1. to sow. I. Lit., vel in tegnlis 
proseminare ostreas, Cic II. Fig., to dissemi- 
imte, propagate, Cic. 

prosequor -efitns (qufitus) sum -sequi, 3. 
dep. to fo'low, accompany. I. In a friendly 
sense, A. to accompany, attend, esp. of friends 
who "see off" a person going on a journey; 
aliquem usque ad agri tines, Cic; prosequi 
exsequias, Cic; transf., of things, ventus pro- 
sequitur euntes, Verg. ; eos honos, memoria, 
desiderium prosequitur amicoruin, Cic B. 
Fig., 1, to accompany ; aliquem votis, ominibus, 
lacriinisque, Caes. ; 2, a, to honour, adorn, or 
present with, treat with ; aliquem verbis honori- 
ficis, Cic; aliquem beneficiis, Cic; misericordia, 
Cic ; b, of a discourse, to go on with, continue ; 
quod non longius prosequar, Cic II. In a hos- 
tile sense, to attack, pntrsue; hostem, Caes.; 
longius fugientes, Caes. 

Proserpina -ae, f. (Uep<T€it>6v7)), th<- daughter 
of Ceres and Jupiter, carried off by Pluto to be 
queen of the lower world; hence, meton., the 
lower world, Hor. (in Verg. and Ov. Proserpina, 
in Hor. Proserpina). 

prosoucha -ae, f. (n-poo-evxi), a place of 
prayer for the Jews, Juv. 

prosilfo -ui (-ivi or -ii), 4. (pro and salio). 
I. to spring, leap forth. A. 1, lit., ex tabcr- 
naculo, Liv. ; ab sede, Liv. ; repente, Cic. ; Un- 
ites snis, Verg. ; 2, of things, ftumina p'o- 
ailiunt, Ov. B. Fig., vaga prosiliet frenis natura 
remotis, Hor. II. to spring forward to a place ; 
in contionem, Liv. 

prosocer -Sri, m. a wife's grandmother, Ov. 

prospecto, 1. (intens. of prospicio), to look 
fortrnrd, look forth upon. I. A. Lit., e puppi 
pontnm, Ov. ; euntem, Verg. ; ex tectis fenes- 
trisque, Liv. B. Transf., of places, to look 
towards, be situate towards ; villa quae subjectos 
sinus prospectat, Tac II. P'ig., to look for, 
hope, expect; exsilium, Cic; te quoque fata 
prospectant paria, a like fate awaits, Verg. 

prospectus -lis, in. (prospicio). I. an out- 



look, view, prospect; nnde longe ac late pro- 
spect ns erat, Liv.; prospectum impedire, Caes. ; 
meton., the sight ; aequora prospectu metior 
alta meo, Ov. II. Pass., view, sight; cum jam 
extremi essent in prospectu, were within sight, 
Caes. 

prospeculor, l. dep. I. Intransit., to look 
out to a distance ; hence, to explore, reconnoitre, 
Liv. II. Transit., to look for, wait for ; a.dvei\t\.m\ 
iinperatoris, Liv. 

prosper (prosperus) -a -um (pro and 
spero), according to one's hope; hence, I. for- 
tunate, favourable, lucky, prosperous ; fortnna, 
Cic ; exitus, Cic. ; subsf., prospera -6rum, i.». 

prosperity, good fortune, Ov. II. Transit., 
bringing good fortune, propitious ; Bellona, Ov.; 
with genit., prospera frugum, Hor. 

prospere, adv. (prosper), prosperously, for- 
tunately, favourably ; procedere prospere, Cic. 

prospergo -spersi -sparsum, 3. (pro and 
spargo), to sprinkle, Tac. 

prosperltas -litis, f. (prosper), prosperity, 
good fortune; vitae, Cic; plur., improboruiu 
prosperitates, Cic. 

prospero, 1. (prosper), to make fortunate or 
prosperous, to cause to succeed, to give a favourable 
issue to ; alicui victoriain, Liv. 

prosperus = prosper (q.v.). 

prospicientia -ae, f. (prospicio), foresight, 
precaution, Cic. 

prospicio -spexi -speetum, 3. (pro and 
specio). I. Intransit., to look forward, look into 
the distance. A Lit., 1, ex castris in uibem, 
Caes. ; multum, to hove a wide prospect, Cic ; 2, 
to look out, be upon the natch, Nep. B. Fig., to 
exercise foresight, to take precaution ; with dat., 
consulate robis, prospicite patriae, Cic. ; with ut 
and the subj., Cic; with no and the subj., 
Caes. II. Transit., to see, behold, gaze, upon 
from afar A. Lit., 1, Italiam ab unda, Verg. ; 
2, transf., of places, to look towards, be situate 
towards ; domus prospicit agros, Hor. B. Fig., 
a, to foresee ; casus futures, Cic. ; b, to look out 
for, provide, procure; ferramenta, Cic; com- 
meattis, Liv. 

prosterno -strftvi -strStum, 3. to strew be- 
fore, throw dorm in front, cast down. A. Lit., 
a, circa vinm corpora humi, Liv. ; se ad pedes 
sunnius, Cic. ; hence, prostratus -a -um (se. 
humi), lying on the ground ; ad pedes, Cic. ; b, 
to throw down with violence; hostem, Cic B. 
Fig., 1, se abjicere et prosternare, to debase one- 
self, Cic. ; 2, to throw to the ground, overthrow, 
destroy, ruin ; omnia furore, Cic ; aliquem, Cic. 
(syneop. infln. perf., prostrasse = prostravisse, 
Ov.). 

prostituo -stitiii -stltutum, 3. (pro and 
statno), to prostitute ; vocem ingrato foro, Ov. 

prosto -stlti, 1. to Jand before; hence, I. to 
stand forward, project, Lucr. II. Of goods, 
to be exposed for sale; liber prostat, Hor.; vox 
prostitit, Cic ; to sell one's person, prostitute one- 
self; transf., illud amicitiae quondam venerablle 
nomen prostat, Hor. 

prosubigo, 3. to dig up, throw vp; terrain, 
Verg. 

prosum, proffli, prodesse, to be useful, advan- 
tageous to; ilia quae prosvmt aut quae nocent, 
Cii-. ; with dat., qui nee sibi nee alteri prosunt, 
dicere quod ransae prosit, Cic. ; with intiii., 
multum prodest ea quae meturmtur ipsa con- 
teinnere, Cic. ; quid mini flngere prodest? Ov. 

Pr6tftg5ras -ae, m. (npcoraydpa?). a Greek 
philosopher, of Abdera, contemporary with So- 
crates, banished from Jttica on a charge oj 
atheism. 



pro 



151 



pro 



protego -lexi -tectum, 3. I. io cover in 

front. A. Lit., tabemacula protecta hedera, 
Caes. ; aliquem scuto, protect, Caes. B. Transf., 
to cover, protect ; jaceutem, Oic ; regeni, Liv. 
II. to furnish with a roof; aedes, Cic. 

protelo, 1. (pro and teluin), to drive off, put 
to flight, Tor. 

protelum •]', n. (protendo), a yoke of oxen ; 
fig., a series, succession; Lucr. 

protendo -tendi -tentam and -tensum, 3. to 
stretch forward, stretch out; brachia in mare, 
Ov. ; cerviceni, Tac. ; temo protentus in oeto 
pedes, eight feet long, Verg. 

protenus (protinus), adv. forward, fur- 
ther, further on. I. Lit, protcnus ago capellas, 
Verg. ; quuni ad alias angustias protenus perg- 
erent, Liv. II. Transf., A. without delay, 
straightway, on tlie sjmt ; Laodiccam protenus 
ire, Cic. ; ut is ad te protenus niittat, Cic. B. 
of unbroken extent, continuously ; quum protenus 
utraque tellus una foret, Verg. C. Of unbroken 
succession in time, 1, constantly, continuously; 
quern (morem) protenus urbes Albanae coluere 
saernm, Verg. ; 2, immediately, at once ; a, 
protenus Cart haginein ituros, Liv. ; protenus de 
via, Liv.; b, immediately, at the beginning; 
orntio protenus perficiens auditorera benevolnm, 
Cic. 

protero -trivi -tritum, 3. I. to trample under 
foot, tread down. A. a, lit., equitatus aversos 
proterere ineipit, Caes. ; fruinentum, Liv. ; b, 
hence, to overthrow in battle, rout, defeat ; Poenos, 
Hor. B. Fig., to trample on, despise; aliquem, 
Cic. II. to drive away, push aside ; ver preterit 
(testes, Hor. 

proterreo -terriii -terrltum, 2. to frighten 
away, scare away ; Themistoclem patria pulsum 
atqne proterritum, Cic. ; aliquem verbis gravis- 
simis, Cic. 

proterve, adv. (protervus), boldly, impu- 
dently, shamelessly, Ov. 

protervltas -atis, f. (protervus), boldness, 
impudence, Cic. ; and in a milder sense, wanton- 
ness, pertness, Hor. 

protervus -a -um (protero), trampling upon 
everything; hence, I. violent, vehement; venti, 
Hor. ; stella canis, Ov. II. bold, impudent, 
shameless, and in a milder sense, wanton, pert; 
homo, Cic. ; juvenes, Hor. 

Protesilaus -i, m. (Upwrco-tAaos), the hus- 
band of Laodamia, the first Greek who landed 
before Troy in the Trojan war, and the first of the 
Greeks to be slain. Adj., Protesilaeus -a 
•um, belonging to Protesilaus. 

ProteUs -Si and -eos, m. (npwTev's), a god 

of the sea, the herdsman of Poseidon's sea-calves, 
a prophet who would not answer those who con- 
sulted him except when bound in. chains, and 
who had the power of changing himself into dif- 
ferent shapes; Protei columnae, poet., the bor- 
ders of Egypt, Verg.; appellat., a changeable or 
a crafty man, Hor. 

protinam (protenam), adv. (protinus), 
immediately, directly, at once, Plaut. 

protinus = protenus (q.v.). 

Protogencs -is, m. (npioroyeVns), a famous 
Greek painter of Caunos on the coast of Carta, 
flourishing about 300 B.C. 

protollo. 3. I. to put forth, stretch forth, 
Plaut. II, to extend, lengthen, prolong, Plaut. 

protraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to draw, drag 
forth. I. to drag to a place. A. Lit, aliquem 
hine in convivium, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to draw 
firth ; a, aliqnid in lucein, Lucr. ; b, to bring 
to light, to reveal, make known ; auctorem nefandi 
faeinoris, Liv.; 2, to compel, force; aliquem ad 



indicium, Liv. II. Transf., to extend hi po-tnt 
of time, protract, defer, Suet. 

protrudo -triisi -triisum, 3. to push forward, 
thrust forth. I. Lit, cylindrum, Cic. II. Fig., to 
put off, defer; comitia in Januarium mensem, Cic. 

proturbo, 1. to drive foiivard, drive away, 
repel ; a, of persons, equites, Caes. ; hostes tells 
missilibusque saxis, Liv. ; b, of things, pectons 
silvas, to throw down, Ov. 

prout, conj. according as; prout res pos. 
tulat, Cic. 

provectus -a -um (p. adj. from proveho), 
advanced in-age ; longius aetate provectus, Cic. 

proveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to carry forward, 
to lead forward. I. Act., A. Lit., aer a tergo 
quasi provehit, Lucr. B. Fig., 1, to carry away, 
carry too far, lead on ; pass., provehi = to be 
carried away, to allow oneself to be earned away ; 
vestra benignitas provexit oratiouem meam.Cic. ; 
gaudio provehente (me), Liv. ; studio reruin 
rusticarum provectus sum, Cic. ; 2, to bring 
forwards, to advance, raise, promote ; aliquem ad 
summos honores, Liv. II. Pass., provehi, in 
a middle sense, to go forward, rideforitard, ride, 
drive, sail to a place. A. Lit, of persons, 
esp. of persons in a ship or of the ship itself, 
Nasidius cum classe freto Siciliae provehitur, 
Caes. B. Fig., to go too far ; sentio me esse 
longius provectnm quam, etc., Cic; longius in 
amicitia provehi, Cic; quid ultra provehor? 
why do I continue ? Verg. 

provenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come forth. 

1. Lit, in scenam, to appear upon the stage, 
Plaut. II. Transf., A. to come up, shoot forth, 
grow; frumentuin propter siccitates angustius 
provenerat, Caes. B. Fig., to residt, turn out; 
ut initia belli provenissent, Tac. ; and esp., to 
turn out well, succeed, prosper ; carmina proven- 
iunt animo deducta sereno, Ov. 

proventus -fls, m. (provenio). I. a cmuing 
forth, growing. A. Lit., Plin. B. Meton., 
growth, product, crop; proventu oneret sulcos, 
Verg. II. Fig., the restdt, issue; pngnae, Caes.; 
secundi reruin proventus, Caes. ; esp., fortunate 
result, success, Liv. ; temporis superioris, Caes. 

proverbium -li, n. (pro and verbum), a 
proverb ; in proverbii consuetudinem venit, has 
become a proverb, Cic ; veteri proverbio, after 
the old proverb, Cic. ; ut est in proverbio, as is 
said in the proverb, Cic ; quod e3t Graecis 
hominibus in proverbio, is a proverb among, Cic. 

providens -entis, p. adj. (from provideo), 
provident, prudent, Cic. ; quod est providentius, 
Cic. 

providentSr, adv. (providens), providently, 
with forethought, Sail. ; providentissime con- 
stitnere aliquid, Cic. 

provldentia -ae, f. (provideo). I. fore- 
sight, foreknowledge ; provicfentia est, per quam 
futurum aliquid videtur ante quam factum sit, 
Cic. II. forethought, providence; deorum, Cic. 

prdvidSo -vidi -visum, 2. to look forward to, 
sec at a distance. I. Lit., aliquem non pro- 
vidisse, Hor.; quid petatur .provideri, Liv. 
II. Transf., 1, to see beforehand, to foresee ; quod 
ego, prinsquam loqui coepisti, sensi atque pro- 
vidi, Cic. ; medicus morbum providet, Cic. ; 

2, to take, precautions for or against something, 
to provide for, make preparation for, care for ; 
(a) with ace, rem frumentariam, Caes. ; multa, 
Cic. ; consilia in posternni, Cic. ; (j8) with de 
and the abl., de re frumentaria, Caes. ;' de 
Brundisio atquo ilia ora, Cic. ; (y) with dat, 
saluti hoininum, Cic. ; (5) with ut or ne and 
the subj., ne quid ei desit, Cic; ut res quam 
rectissime agantur, Cic; («) absol., actum de 
te est, nisi provides.- Cic. • - 



pro 4 

1 providus -a -um (provideo). I. foreseeing ; 
rerum futurarum, Cie. II. earifig beforehand; 

1, providing for, hiking measures for; naturn 
provida utilitatum, Cie.; 2, cautious, provident, 
'prudent ; orator, Cie. 

provincia -ae, f. (perhaps pro and VIC, root 
of vices). I. employment, charge, sphere of duty , 
office ; illam ofticiosam provineiam at me in lec- 
tulo trucidaret, Cie. ; quasi provincias atomis 
dare, Cie. II. l'olit. t.t., the sphere of office assigned 
to a magistrate, a charge, office. A. a, of Rinnan 
magistrates, sortiri provincias (inter se), Liv. ; 
of the jurisdiction of the praetor urbanus and 
peregrinus, provincia urlana et peregrins, Liv. ; 
of a military command, Sieinio Volsci, Aquilio 
Hernici (nam hi quoqtie inarmis erant) provincia 
evenit, Cie. ; of a command at sea, provincia 
classis, provincia maritime, Liv. ; b, of non- 
Roman magistrates, Hannonis cis Iberum pro- 
vincia erat, had the command, Liv. B. the 
government of o province, a country outside the 
limits of Italy ; and meton., the province itself; 
primus annus provinciae erat, Cie. ; dare alicui 
provineiam, Cie; administrare provineiam, Cie. ; 
hence, provincia, the province, esp., either a, the 
eoM part of Gallia Narbonensis, Caes., or b, the 
Roman province of Asia, Caes. 

provincialis -e, of or relating to a province. 
I. Adj., scientia, how to govern a province, Cie. ; 
administratio, government of a province, Cie.; 
abstinentia, moderation in governing, Cie. II. 
Subst., provincialos -Ium, m. inhabitants of 
the provinces, provincials, Cie. 

provislo -onis, f. (provideo), 1, a, a foresee- 
ing, a foreknowledge ; auirni, Cie. ; b, foresight ; 
animi, Cie; 2, a providing, provision; a, for 
something; tempons posted, Cie; b, against 
something ; vitiorum atque incommodorum, Cie 

1. proviso, 3. to look out for. go to see, Ter. 

2. proviso, adv. with forethought, circum- 
spectly, Tac. 

prSvisor -Oris, m. (provideo), 1, one who 
foresees; dominatlonum, Tac; 2, a provider; 
utillum, Hor. 

provisus -us, ra. (provideo). I. a lookiiig 
before, a looking into the distance, Tac. II. 
Transf., A. seeing beforehand, fiorcsceiv.g ; peric- 
ull, Tac. B. a providing, provision; provisus 
rei frumentariae, Tac. 

provivo -vixisse, 3. to live on, continue to 
live, Tac. 

provdeatio -onis. f. (provoco), a rolling 
forth, an appeal to a higher court of law; pro- 
vocate ad populum, Cie ; magistrates sine 
provocation/, from whose decision there is no 
appeal, Liv. ; est provocatio, an appeal is pos- 
sible, Liv. 

provocator -oris, m. (provoco), one who 
challenges or summons to fight, esp., a kind of 
gladiator, Cie 

provoco, 1. to call forth, call out. I. Gen., 
a, lit., herum, Plaut. ; b, transf., of things, to 
cause to come forth ; roseo ore diem (of Aurora), 
Ov. II. Esp., A. to call forth, to excite, rouse, 
and in a bad sense = to provoke ; 1. munincerrtia 
nostra provocemus plebetn, Liv.; beneticio pro- 
vocate Cie ; 2, to challenge to a game, combat, 
drinking, etc.; ad pngnam, Cie; esp. in pass., 
provocatus maledictis, injuriis, Cie. B. Legal 
t. t., to summon before a higher court, to appeal 
to anigher tribunal ; a, llt.,adpopuluin, Cie; ab 
omni.ludicio poenSque provocar: licere, Cie; b, 
transf., to appeal to; provocare ad Ciitoneiu, Cie 

provolo, I. to fly forth; transf., of men, to 
rush forth, hasten forth; sublto, Caes.; ad 
primores, Liv. 

provolvo -volvl -vviatum, 3. to roll forward, 



2 pee 

roll along, roll over and over. I. Lit., a, gell., 
congestaa lapidiun moles, Tar. ; b, to throw one- 
self down, fid! down before; se alicui ad pedes, 
Liv.; provolvi ad genua alicuins, Liv. II. Fig., 
a, multi fortunis provolvebantur, teere ruineil, 
Tac; b, middle = to abase, oneself, Tac. 

prdvSmo, 2. to inmit forth, Lucr. 

proximo, superl. of prope (q.v.). 

proximltas -atis, f. (proximus). I. near- 
ness, vicinity, proximity, Ov. II. Fig., 1, neui 
relationship, Ov. ; 2, similarity, Ov. 

proximo, adv. (abl. of proximus), very 
lately, Cie 

proximus -a -um, superl. of propior (q.v.). 

prudens -entis (contr. from providensXybre- 

seeing. I. Partic. = knowing, with intention; 
quos prudens praetereo Hor.; prudens et sriens 
sum profeetus, Cie. II. Adj., A. versed, skilled, 
experienced, practised in anything ; rei militaris, 
Nep. ; locorum, Liv. ; with inlin., prudens 
dissipare, Hor. B. prudent, discreet, wise, 
sagacious, judicious; vir natura peracutus et 
prudens, Cie; transf., of things, consilium, 
Cie. ; with genit, cetcraruni rerum prudens, in 
all other matters, Cie ; with do and the abl., 
in jure civili, Cie ; in existimando admodum 
prudens, Cie. 

prudenter, adv. (prudens), prudently, dis- 
creetly, sagaciously, wisely ; facere, Cie. ; intel- 
ligere, Cie 

prudentia -ae, f. (prudens). I, knowledge 
of any subject ; juris publici, Cie ; phvsieornm, 
Cie II. prudence, sagacity, practical wisdom, 
discretion ; prudentia est. rerum expetendarum 
fugiendarumque scientia, Cie; prudentia cer- 
nitur in delectu bonorum et malorum, Cie 

pruiiia -ae, f. I. hoar-frost, rime, Cie. II. 
Plur., prninae, meton., a,— winter, Verg. ; b, 
= snmv, Verg. 

pruinosns -a -um (pruinn), fid! of hoar-frost, 
covered with hoar-frost; nox, Ov. ; axis (Auroras) 
pruinosus = matutinus, Ov. 

prima -ae, f. a live coal, Hor. 

pruniceus -a -um, of plum-tree wood, Ov. 

prunum -i, n. a plum, Hor. 

prunus -i, f. (n-poucj)), a plum-tree, Plin. 

prurigo -inis, f. (prurio), the itch, Mart. 

prurio, 4. to itch, Juv. 

Priislas -ae, m. king in Bithynia, who re- 
ceived Hannibal, but aftrnvards betrayed him to 
the. Romans. 

prytaneum -i, n. (-rravTavtiov), the town-hall 
incertain Greek cities where the pry tanes assembled 
and where persons who had done, distinguished 
senders to the state were entertained, Cie. 

prjrtanis, aee. -in, m. (^p^Taii?), a chief 
magistrate in certain of the Greek states, Liv. 

psallo, psalli, 3. (ipdWoi), to play on, sing 
to it stringed instrument, especially the cithara ; 
psallere docta, skilled in singing, Hor. ' 

psalterlum -li, n. (\lia\rripioi'), a stringed 
instrument, the psaltei-y, Cie 

psaltria -ae, f. (i^aATpia), a female player on, 
or singer to the cithara, Cie 

Ps&mathe -es, f. I. daughter ofi the Argivt 
king Crotopus, Ov. II. a sea-nymph, mother ofi 
Phocus, Ov. 

1. psec&S -adis, f. (i|-eKof), the ficmalc slave 
who anointed her mistress's hair, Juv. 

2. Psecas -idis, f. name of u nymph among 
the attendants of Diana. 

psephisma -afcta, n. (li^nr/Aii), a decree of 
the people among the Greeks, Cie. 



Pse 



453 



pud 



Pscudocato -finis, in. a sham Cain, Cic. 

Pseudodamasippus -i, in. a sham Damas- 
ipptu, Cic. 

Pseudolus -i, m. The Liar (title of a comedy 
by Plautus), Cic. 

pseudomcnOS -i, IU. (i/zeuSo^ei/os), a sophis- 
tical syllogism, Cic. 

Pseudophilippus -i, in. (*tv$o<bi\Linros), 
a sham Philip, i.e., Andriscus, who gave himself 
out to be Philip, son of Perseus, king of Macedonia. 

pseuddthyrum -i, n. (\f,(v&6ev P ov), a secret 
door; tig., per pseudotltyrum revertantnr 
(lmmini), in a secret way, Cic. 

psithlus (psy thins) -a -uin, psithian, name 
of a kind of Greek vine ; vitas, Verg. ; subst., 
psithia -ae, f. (sc. vitis), Very. 



psittacus-i, in. (ipirroKOs), a parrot; loquax, 
Ov. 



Psophis 

cadia. 



-Idis, f. (*<o0iy), a town in Ar- 



psora -ae, f. (i//wpa), the mange, itch, Plin. 

psychomantium -ii, n. (^xoy-avrdov), the 
place where the souls of the dead were invoked, a 
place where necromancy is practised, Cic. 

psythius = paithins (q.v.). 

-pt6, enclit. particle appended to pers. and 
poss. pronouns in the abl., self, our; suoptc 
pondere, Cic. ; su&pte maim, Cic. 

Pteleon (-um) -i, n. (TlTeKeoi-), a town in 
Thessaly, over against Euboea, now Ftelia, Liv. 

ptisanarium -Ii, n. a decoction of crushed 
barley or rice, Hor. 

Ptolemaeus (Ptoldmaeus) -i, m. (iiroAe- 
/ioios), the first king of Egypt after Alexander's 
death with the surname Lagi (sc. lilius, i.e., son 
of Lag us); after liini each king of bis line was 
called Ptolemaeus. Hence, 1, Ptolemaeus 
-a -uin, belonging to Ptolemy, poet. = Egyptian; 
2, PtdlemaiS-Idis, f. name of several towns, one 
in Egypt, another in Phoenicia, another in Gyrene. 

pubens -entis (* pubeo), arrived at puberty ; 
transf., of plants, in full growth, luxuriant,Verg. 

puber -bens = 2. pubes (q.v.). 

pubertas -atis, f. (puber), puberty, the age of 
maturity. I. Lit, nondum pubertatem ingres- 
sus, Tac. II. Meton., A. the signs of puberty, 
the hair on the chin, Cic. B. virility, Tac. 

1. pubes -is, f. I. the signs of puberty, the 
hair on the chin, Plin. II. Meton., A. the 
pudenda, Verg. B. a, the youth, adult popula- 
tion; omnia Iteliae pubes, Verg.; b, transf., 
people, Jolk ; agrcstis, Verg. 

2. pubes -8ris, arrived at the age of puberty, 
adult. I. Lit., prope puberein aetatem, Liv.; 
subst, puberes -um, m. the men, the adult 
population, Caes. II. Transf., downy, ripe; 
folia, Verg. 

pubesoo -bui, 3. (iuchoat of pubeo). I. to 
become pubescent, arrive at the age of puberty. A. 
Lit., Hercules, quuin prinium pubesceret, Cic. 
B, Transf., to grow up, arrive at maturity; 
quae terra gignit, maturata pubescunt, Cic. 
II. Ls]i., to be covered with the signs of puberty; 
transf., to be covered or clothed with something; 
prata pubescunt variorum (lore coloruin, Ov. 

publicanus -a -um (publicum), relating to 
the Janniiig of the public taxes, Cic. ; gen. subst, 
publicanus -i, in. a farmer of the Roman, 
taxes (generally of the equestrian order), Cic. 

publieatio -Onis, f. (publico), a confiscation ; 
boiioruni, Cic. 

publico, adv. (publicus). I. publicly (opp. 
pnvatp!!); a, in the nam or at ike command of 



the state; dicere, Cic; venire, Cic. ; b, til (lib 
interest of the state, to the good of the state, for the 
state ; publice esse laudem, it is an. honour to the 
state, Caes.; publice acribere or litteras mittere, 
Cic. ; c, at the cost of the state ; vesci, Liv. II. 
generally, all together, without distinction ; publice 
ire exsulatum, Liv. 

publicitlis, adv. (publicus). I. at the public 
expense, in the public service. Plant. II. Transf., 
publicly, before all the world, Plant. 

Publicius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, tlie 
most famous members of which were the two 
brothers L. and M. Publicii Malleoli, bothAediles, 
who laid out and paved the Clivuff Publicus, the 
chief entrance to the Aventine. Hence, adj., 
Publicianus -a -um, Publician. 

publico, 1. (publicus). I. to appropriate to 
the public use, confiscate ; regit m n, Caes.; priv- 
ate, Cic. II. to give over to the public use. A, 
Gen., Aveutiiiuni, Liv. B. Esp., to make public, 
publish, Tac. 

Publicola -ae, m. (also written Poplicola 
and Poplieula, from poplus (— populus) and 
colo), the honourer of the people, the people's 
friend, a surname of P. Valerius Publicola, the 
first consul of the Roman republic. 

publicus -a -um (so poblicus and poplicus 
from poplus for populus), belonging to the people, 
public. I. of or belonging to the commonwealth, 
in the name of or on account of the people, at the 
public expense. A. Adj., loca, Cic. ; suinptu 
publico, at the cost of the state, Cic. ; boiium 
publicum, the commonweal, Liv. B. Subst., 
publicum -i, n., a, the property of the state, 
public territory ; Campanula, Cic. ; b, the public 
revenue, the treasury; convivari de publico, at 
the cost of the slate, Cic. ; in publicum euiere, 
Liv. ; dum in eo publico essent, farming of the 
taxes, Liv. ; plur., societates publicorum, com- 
panies of the farmers of the taxes, Cic. ; o, the 
public stores; in publicum conferre frumenti 
quod inventum est, Cic; d, publicity, an open 
place, the open street ; prodire in publicum, Cic; 
blandiores in publico quam in private, Liv. ; 
publico carere, to remain at home, Cic. ; legem 
ptoponere in publicum or in publico, openly, 
Liv., Cic. II. universal, common, general, or- 
dinary ; a, lit, verba, Cic. ; lux publica mundi, 
the sun, Ov. ; publica cura juvenuni prodis, 
general object of the care of, etc., Hor. ; b, 
poet, common, bad, ordinary; structure car- 
minis, Ov. 

Publllius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous of which were : Publilia, the second 
wife of Cicero ; Publilius, her father ; and Publfus 
Publllius Locbius Syrus, a celebrated mime and 
writer of mimes towards the end of the republic; 
adj., relating to the Publilian gens, Liv. 

Publius -ii, m. a common Roman praenomen, 
abbreviated P. 

pudendus -a -um (partic. of pudeo), of 
which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, dis- 
graceful; vita, Ov. ; vulnera, Verg. 

pudons -entis, p. adj. (from pndeo), modest, 
shamefaced; pudentes ac boni viti, Cic; te 
videri pudentiorem fuisse, Cic. ; femina pudent- 

issima, Cic. 

pudenter, adv. (pudens), modestly, bash- 
fully, Cic. ; pudentius ad hoc genus sermon is 
accedere, Cic; pudentissime hoc Cicero petierat, 
Cic. 

pudeo -rti -Ituni, 2. I. to be ashamed; ji), 
duei ad pudendum, Cic. ; partic subst, pud^ 
cntes, modest persons, Caes. II. to cause shame, 
fill with shame. A. Pers., me autem quid 
pudeat, qui, etc., Cic. B. Impers., / (you, he, 
etc.) am ashamed, with $co, of £he pers.; ceteros 



pud 



■154 



pul 



pudeat, Cie. ; And with genit. of the tiling 
causing the shame ; te huius templi pudet, Cic. ; 
with genit. alone, pudet deorum hominuuique, it 
is a disgrace befure God and men, Li v.; with 
infill., pudet dicere, Cic. ; dep., puditum est, 
nonne esset puditum si, etc.? ought Ihey not to 
be ashamed that, etc. ? Cic. 

pudibundus -a -uin (pudeo), shamefaced, 
modest, bashful ; matrons, Hor. 

pudice, adv. (pudicus), modestly, virtuously, 
chastely, Cat. 

pudicitia -ae, f. (pudicus), bashfulness, 
modesty, chastity, virtue, Cie. ; Pudicitia, personif. 
as a goddess (patrician and plebeian), Liv. 

pudicus -a -uni (pudeo), modest, bashful, 
chaste, virtuous; a, of persons, Cic. ; b, transf., 
of things, mores, pieces, Ov. 

pudor -oris, in. (pudeo), the feeling of shame, 
shyness, bashfulness, modesty, decency. I. Lit., 
a, natura pudorque meus, my natural modesty, 
Cic. ; paupertatis, on account of poverty, Cic. ; 
famae, Cic. ; pudor est or pudori est with infin., 
I am ashamed, Ov.; b, chastity, purity; pudorem 
projicere, Ov. ; Pudor, personif. as a deity, Yerg. 
II. ileton., A. that which causes shame, a dis- 
grace; pudori esse, Liv. B. the blush of shame; 
famosus, Ov. 

puella -ae, f. (pnellus), a girl, maiden. I. 
Lit., A. Gen., a maiden, Cic. B. Esp., 1, a 
sweetluart, Ov. ; 2, a daughter; Danai puellae, 
Hor. II. Transf., a young woman, a young wife, 
used of Penclope ; Ov. ; ofLucretia, Ov. ; puella 
Phasias, Medea, Ov.; Lesbis, Sappho, Ov.; Lyda, 
Omphale, Ov.; Cressa, Phaedra, Ov. 

puellaris -e (puella), of or belonging to a 
maiden or young woman, girlish, maidenly, Ov. 

puellula -ae, f. (dim. of puella), a little girl, 
Cat.^ 

puellus -i, in. (dim. of puer, for puerulus), a 
little boy, Lucr. 

piier -i, m. (root PU, whence Laconian 7roip> 
= W019). I. a child ; plur., pueri = children, Cic. 
II. Esp., a male child, boy, lad. A. Lit., a, pro- 
perly ft boy under seventeen, Cic. ; but used also of 
Octavianus in his nineteenth year, Cic. ; and of 
Pallas, who commauded a company of soldiers, 
Verg. ; puer sive jam adolescens, Cie. ; a puero, 
a pueris, from boyhood, Cie.; ex pueris excedere, 
to pass out of boyhood, Cic. ; b, boy = son ; As- 
canius puer, Verg.; Latonae, Apollo, Ilor. ; Ledae 
pueri, Cc<stor and Pollux, Hor. B. Transf., 1, 
(like 7roi5), a waiter, serving-lad, a servant, slave; 
tuus, Cie. ; pueri regii, royal pare-;, Liv. ; 2, an 
unmarried man, a bachelor, Ov. 

piierilis -e (puer), youthful, boyish. I. Lit., 
aetas, Cic. II. Transf., puerile, childish, silly ; 
consilium, Cic. : si puerdius his ratio esse 
evincet amare, Hor. 

pueriliter, adv. (puerilis). I. boyishly, like 
a boy; blandiri, Liv. II. Transf., childishly, 
foolishly; facere, Cic. 

pueritia -ae, f. (puer), boyhood; a pueritia, 
from boyhood, Cie. 

puerporus -a -urn (puer and pario), relat- 
ing to chdd-birth ; verba, words supposed to assist 
labour, Ov. 

puerperium -ii, n. (puerperns), a lying-in, 
laboxir, confinement, Tac 
puertia — pueritia (q.v.). 

puerulus -i, m. (dim. of puer), a little boy, a 
young slave, Cic. 

puga (pyga) -ae, f. (nvyrj), the rump, but- 
tocks, Hor. 

pugil -ilis, m. (connected with pugnus), a 
boxer, fighter with the cestus, pugilist, Cic, 



f. (pugil), « fight with the 
m. (pugil), a fighting with 



pugilatlo -oiii 
cestus, Cie. 

piigilatus -us 

the cestus, Plant. 

piigillaris -e (pugillus), that can be grasped 
with the fist, Juv. ; subst., piigillares -Inin, 
111. (sc. libclli or codicilli), writing-tablets, waxen 
tablets, Cat. 

pugillus -i, 111. (dim. of pugnus), a handful, 
Plin. 

pugio -onis, m. (pungo), a dagger, dirk, 
poniard. I. Lit., omentum pugionem tenens, 
Cic. II. Fig., plumbeus pugio, a weak argu- 
ment, Cic. 

pugiunculus -i, in. (dim. of pugio), a little 
dagger, Cic. 

pugna -ae, f. (connected with pugnus), a 
fight, cither of one man against another, or of 
several (proelium, a fight between armies, cp. 
diurtinitate pugnae dei'essi praelio excedebaut, 
Caes.). I. A. Lit., a, gen., cquestris, cavalry 
engagement, Cic. ; navalis, Cic. ; pugnam com- 
mittere, Cic, cum aliquo, Cic; pugna decertare, 
Caes.; b, esp M athletic games; pugna quin- 
quennis Uraia Elide, Ov. B. Meton., a, the 
line or array of battle; pugnam mediam tueri, 
Liv. II. Transf., contest, contention ; doctis- 
simorum hominum, Cic. 

pugnacitas -5tis, f. (pugnax), desire of 
fighting, pugnacity, Tac. 

pugnaciter (pugnax), pugnaciously, obstin- 
ately; ceitare cum aliquo, Cic; pugnacissime 
defendeie sententiain, Cic. 

pugnator -oris, m. (pugno), a fighter,' com- 
iatant, soldier, Liv. 

pugnax -acis (pugno), fond of fighting, com- 
bative, contentious, martial. I. Lit., pugnax 
.Minerva, Ov. ; centurio, Cic II. Transf., A. 
combative, contentious, polemical; exordium . lic- 
endi, Cic. ; oratio pugnacior, Cic. B. Of dis- 
course, obstinate, refractory; contia senatorem, 
Cic. 

pugno, 1. (pugna), to fight, combat, give 
battle. I, Lit., both of single combatants and 
of whole armies, cum aliquo, Cues. ; ex equo, 
Cic. ; pro coininodis patriae, Cic. ; pugna suiiima 
contentione pugnata, Cic. ; iinpers.j pngnatur 
uno tempore omnibus locis, Caes. ; partic 
subst., pugnantes, the combatants, Cans. II. 
Transf., A. to struggle, to contend, fight ; pugnant 
Stoici cum Peripateticis, Cic. ; sed ego tecum in 
eo non pugnabo, quominus utnim velis eligas, 
Cic. ; with ace and intin., to maintain in dispute, 
Cic. ; transf., of things, pngnat ciiti scntentia 
eecum, Ov. B. Esp., a, ' it; uttota 

in oratione tua tecum ipse pugnares, Cic. ; b, 
to strive, struggle, exert oneself; followed by ut 
or ne or quominus with the subj., illud pugna 
et enitere ut, etc., Cic. 

pugnus -i, in. (root PUG, Gr. nYf", whence 

n-vf), the fi-it ; j 'lignum facere, Cic; aliquein pug- 
nis concidere, Cic. 

pulchcllus -a -uin (dim. of puleher), very 
pretty ; Bacchae, Cie. ; used ironically of Clodius, 
with a jam on his surname Puleher, Cic. 

l. puleher -chra -chrum and pulcer -era 
■crum (connected with pol-ire, pnrere, etc), . 
beautiful, fair, lovely. I. Lit., puer, Cic; quid 
aspectu pulchrius ? Cic. ; tubs pulchcrrima, 
Caes. II. Transf., a, excellent, admirable, fine, 
glorious; exempluni, Caes.; facinus, Sail.; fac- 
tum pulchcrrimum, Sail. ; pulchrura est, it is 
noble, glorious, fine ; with ace. and infin., illis 
pnlcherriinnni fuit tantani vobis imperii gloriam 
tradere; Cic.; b, lucky, happy; dies, Hor.; ne 
pnlchruin s&ac peatntn putaret. Cie. 



Pul 



45.3 



pun 



2. Pulcher -chri, m. I. a Roman surname, 

e.g., P. Claudius Pulcher. II. Pulcliri Pro- 
montorium, a promontory in Africa, now Cap 
Bono. 

pulchre (pulcre), adv. (pulcher), beauti- 
fully, admirably, excellently, nobly ; dicere, Cic. ; 
liostia litatur pulcherrime, very favourably, Cic; 
pulchre est mini, all's well with ine, Cic. ; used 
as an exclamation of approval, bravo! well done! 
Ilor. 

pulchritudo (puloritudo) -Inis, f. (pul- 
cher), beauty, excellence. I. Lit., corporis. II. 
Pig., excellence; virtutis, Cic; verborum, Cic. 

pulejum (puleglum) -ii, 11. fleabane, pen- 
nyroyal, Oic. ; llg., ad cuius rutaiu pulejo mihi 
tui sermonis utendum est, sweetness, Cic. 

pulex -icis, m. a flea, Plaut. 

pullarius -ii, in. (pullus), the feeder of tlie 
sacred chickens, Cic. 

pullatus -a -urn (2. pullus), clad in dirty or 
blade garments (of mourners) ; proceres, Juv. 

pullulo, 1. to shoot up, sprout out. A. a, 
of plants, etc., Verg. ; b, poet., transf., tot 
pullulat atra columbis, burgeons with, Verg. B. 
Pig., quae (luxuria) incipiebat pullulare, lux- 
uriate, Nep. 

1. pullus -i, m. (root PU, whence puer, Gr. 
rrwAos, etc.), a young animal. I. Lit., a, gen., 
columbiuus, Cic. ; pulli ex ovis orti, Cic. ; b, 
esp., a young cock (whence Pr. poulet), Hor. ; 
of the sacred chickens, Cic, Liv. II. Transf., 
of men ; a, as a term of endearment, chicken, 
Hor. ; b, pullus milvinus, a young kite, Cic. 

2. pullus -a -uni (connected with 7reXAds), 
(lark-coloured, blackish, greyish black ; capilli, 
Ov. ; myrtus, dark-green, Hor.; esp., pulla 
vestis, a garment ofundijed wool, worn as mourn- 
ing, Cic. ; poet., pulla stamina (of the threads of 
the Parcae), sad, gloomy, Ov. ; subst., pullum 
-i, n. a dark-coloured garment, Ov. 

pulmentarium -ii, n. (pulmentum), a relish, 
anything eaten with bread; pulmentaria quaere 
sudando, get an appetite by hard work, Hor. 

pulmentum -i,'n. (= pulpamentum, from 
. pulpa), a relish, Hor. ; in general, food, victuals; 
inullum in singula pulmenta mhiuere, into small 
portions, Hor. 

pulmo -Onis, in. (from nXevpiov = TrveCp.uv), 
the lung; usually pi., pulmones, the lungs, 
Cic. 

pulmoneus -a -urn, of or relating to the 
lungs, pulmonary, Plaut. 

pulpa -ae, f. flesh ; a. lit., Mart.; b, meton., 
pulpa scelerata, the flesh as sign of sensuality, 
Pers. 

pulpamentum -i, n. (pulpa). I. flesh, 
esp. of fish, Plin. II. a relish; niilii est pulpa- 
mentum fama, Cic. 

pulpitum -i, n. a platform, tribune for 
public readings, debates, etc., Hor.; for actors, 
" the boards " of a theatre, Ov. 

puis, pultis, f. (tto/Vtos), a porridge or pot- 
twje of flour, pulse, used as food for the sacred 
chickens, Cic. 

pulsatio -Onis, f. (pulso), a knocking, strik- 
ing, beating, Cic. ; seutorum, Liv. 

pulso, 1. (intens. of pello), to strike, beat, 
knock. I. Gen., 1, lit., a, of stamping the 
ground, dancing, etc., pede libero tellurem, 
Hor.; of horses, pedibus spatium Olympi, poet. 
= to liasten over, Ov. ; b, of knocking at the 
door, fores, Ov. ; c, to beat, ill-treat; pulsare et 
verberare aliquem, Cic. ; transf., of the wind, 
storms, etc., piniferum caput et vento pulsatur 
et imbri, Verg. ; d, to knock against, reach to; 
•ipse arduus alta pulsat sidera, Verg. ; e, to 



strike, touch, of a musical instrument ; scptem 
discriinina vocum, Verg. ; 2, fig., a, to move, 
affect; dormientium animos externil et adven- 
iaciS visione pulsari, Cic. ; b, to alarm, agitate; 
pavor pulsans, Verg. II. to drive away; sagittam, 
Verg. ; divi pulsati, Verg. 

pulsus -Us, m. (pello), a pushing, beating, 
striking, blow, push, stroke. I. Gen., remorum, 
Cic. ; pedum, a footstep, Verg. ; lyrae, a playing 
on the lyre, Ov. ; pulsuin vennrum attingere, to 
feel the pulse, Tac. II. influence, impulse; ex- 
ternus pulsus animos commovet, Cic. 

pulto, 1. (= pulso), to knock, beat, strike; 
jauuain, Plaut. 

pulvereus -a -uui (pulvis). I. full of dust, 
dusty; nubes, dust-clouds, Verg.; solum, Ov. 
II. Act., raising dust; palla (Boreae), Ov. 

pulveriilentus -a -wmCpuH-is), full of dust, 
dusty. I. Lit., via, Cic. II. Fig., won by hard 
work; praeinia niilitiae, Ov. 

pulvillus -i, in. (dim. of pulvinus), a little 
pillow, Hor. 

pulvinar -ans, n. (pulvinus). I. a couch 
covered with cushions placed for the images of the 
gods at the Lectisternium (q.v.), a cushioned seat ; 
pulvinar suscipere, Liv.; dedicate, Cic; meton., 
ad omnia pulvinaria supplicatio decreta est, at 
cdl the temples, Cic. II. Transf., a state couch 
for any distinguished person, Cic. 

pulvinarlum -ii, n. (pulvinus), a cushioned 
seat for the gods, Liv. 

pulvinus -i, m. a pillow, cushion, Cic. 

pulvis -6ris, in. and rarely f. dust. I. Lit., 
A. multus erat in calceis pulvis, Cic. ; pulvis 
eruditus, or simply pulvis, the sand or dust 
in which the old mathematicians drew their 
diagrams, Cic. ; numquam eruditum ilium pul- 
verem attigistis, you have never learnt mathe- 
matics, Cic. ; pulvis cxiguus, a liandful of 
dust thrown on the dead, Hor. ; poet., pulvis 
hibernus, dry winter, Verg.; plur., noveudiales 
pulveres, dust nine days old (afresh ashes of the 
dead), Hor.; prov., sulcos in pulvere ducere, to 
labour in vain, Juv. B. Esp., the dust of the 
circus or wrestling-place; pulvis Olympicus, 
Hor. ; hence, meton., place of exercise, arena; 
domitant in pulvere currus, Verg. ; and fig., 
scene of action; doctrinam in soleni atque pulv- 
erem produxit, into public, Cic. ; sine pulvere 
palniae, without effort, Hor. II. Transf., the 
earth, Prop. 

pumex -Icis, m. (f. Cat.), pumice-stone. I. 
Lit., esp. as used for polishing marble, books, 
etc., Cat., Ov. II. Transf., any kind of soft, 
porous stone; pumices cavi, Verg. 

pumiceus -a -um (pumex), made of pumice* 
stone, Ov. 

pumico, 1. (pumex), to polish with pumice- 
stone, Cat. 

pumilio -5nis, c. a dwarf, Lucr. 

punctlm, adv. (pungo), by stabbing, by thrust- 
i ng (op\>. caesim); petere hosteui, Liv. 

punotum -i, n. (pungo). I. a little hole, 
small puncture, Mart. II. 1, lit., a, a point, 
and meton., a division of a discourse, a short 
clause, section; puncta argumentoruin, Cic. ; b, 
in the comitia, the point made on a tablet as 
often as one of the candidates was voted for, hence 
a vote; quot in ca tribu puncta tuleris, Cic; 
hence, transf., approval, applause; discedo Al- 
cneus puncto illius, Hor.; onine tulit punctuin 
qui miscuit utile dulci, Hor. ; 2, transf., a 
mathematical point, the snudlest quantity ; hence, 
a, a very small space; quasi punctuin terrae, 
Cic. ; b. a small portion of time, a moment; 
ad punctum temporis, in a movient, Cl<», 



r»un 



456 



put 



pungO, piipugi, punclum, 3. to prick, punc- 
ture, stab. I. 1, lit., a, neminem, Cic. ; b, to 
•make by piercing; vulnus quod acu punctilio 
videretur, Cic; 2, transf., a, to penetrate, enter; 
corpus, Lucr. ; b, to touch, move; sensum, Lucr.; 
C, to point off; hence, puncto tempore, in a 
moment, Lucr. II. Fig., to sting, vex, annoy, 
mortify; epistola ilia ita me pupugit, ut somnuin 
rnilii ademerit, Cic. ; si paupertas momordit, si 
ignoniinia pupugit, Cic. 

Puniceus, v. Poeni. 

Pumcus, Punlce, v. Poeni. 

punlo (poenlo) -ivi and -ii -Hum -Ire, and 
dep. pumor (poenlor) -itus sum -Iri (poena). 

I. to punish; sontes, Cic; maleticia, Cic; 
aliquem supplicio, Cic. ; dep., peccatum, Cic. 

II. to avenge; dolorem, Cic; dep., necem, Cic. 

punltor -Oris, m. (puuio), apunishcr, avenger ; 
doloris, Cic. 

pupa -ae, f. (pupus). I. a little girl, Mart. 
II. a doll, Pens. 

pupilla -ae, f. (dim. ofpupa). I. an orphan 
girl, ward, minor, Cic. II. Transf. (like 6r. 
Kopv), the pupil of tlie eye, Cic. 

puplllaris -e (pnpillus), of or relating to a 
ward ; pecuniae, Liv. 

pupillus -i, m. (dim. of pupulus), an orjman, 
ward, Cic. 

Pupinia -ao, f. the Pupinian country in 
' < '"in, a sterile tract of country; hence, 
. upiuiensis ager, Liv. 

Pupius -a -urn, name of a lloman gens ; adj., 
lex Pupia, proposed by Pupius, a tribune, that 
the seiwte should not hold a meeting on the day of 
the Comitia. 

puppis -is. f. the poop or stem of a vessel. I. 
Lit., navem eonverterc ad pnppim, Cic. ; ventus 
surgens a puppi,/ro»i behind, Verg. ; tig., sede- 
bainua in puppj, / sat at. the helm of the state, 
Cic II. Melon., the whole ship, Verg.; the con- 
stellation of the Ship, Cic. (abl. sing., puppi, ace, 
puppim). 

pupula -ae, f. (dim. of pupa), the pupil of 
the eye, Cic : meton., the eye, Hor. 

pupulus -i, m. (dim. of pupus), a. little boy, 
Cat._ 

pupus -i, m. a boy, child, used as a term of 
endearment, Suet. 

pure and poet. puritSr, adv. (pnrus). I. 
A. Lit, a, purely, cleanly; pure lauta corpora, 
Liv.; b, brightly; aplendens Pario marmore 
pnrius, Hor. B. Transf., clearly, ■naturally; 
pure apparere, Hor. II. Fig., 1, gen., a, 
uprightly, purely ; pure et eleganter acta vita, 
Cic ; pure et caste deos venerari, Cic ; b, ut 
style, purely, faultlessly; pure et emendate 
loqui, Cic; 2, esp., finely, perfectly, entirely; 
quid pure tranquillct, Hor. 

purgamen -Inis, n. (purgo). I. filth, dirt, 

sweepings; Vestae, that which was annually 
sicept from the temple of Vesta, Ov. II. a means 
<>f purgation or expiation; niali, Ov. ; caedis, 
Ov. 

purgaroentum -i, n. (purgo), that which is 
cleaned out, swept away, swcejiings, rubbish, filth ; 
urbis, Liv. 

purgatlo -oiiis, f. (purgo), a cleaning out, 
deansing. I. 1, lit., alvi, purging, Cic. ; 2, 
meton., plur., purgationes, purgatives, Cic. II. 
Transf., excusing, justification, Cic. 

purgo, 1. (purigo, from purus), to clean, 
cleanse. I. Lit., 1, locum, to clean out, make 
rcculy for ploughing. Cic. ; arva longis ligonibus, 
Ov. ; 2, to purge the body ; purgor lii'.em, I free 
myself jrom gall, Hor.; purgatum te filing morbi. 



healed, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to purge, cleanse, 
purify ; educ tecum omncs tuos, purga urbem, 
Cic ; 2, to cleanse morally; a, to excuse, defend, 
justify; aliquem de luxuria, Cic; civitatem facti 
dictique, Liv.; crimen, to confute, Cic; with 
ace. aud infin., to allege in defence, Liv. ; b, to 
purge, purify religiously ; populos, Ov. ; c, to 
make good ; malum facinus forti facinore, Liv. 

puriter = pure (q.v.). 

purpura -ae, f. (nopepvpa). I. the purple- 
fish, Pun. II. Meton., A. the purple dye, 
purple, Verg. B. any stuff or texture dyed 
purple, purple cloth, Cic. 

purpiirasco, 3. to become purple or dark, 
Cic. 

purpuratus -a -ura (purpura), dad in pu rple. 
I. Adj., mulier. Plant. II. Subst., a high, dig- 
nitary among eastern princes (clad in purple); 
plur., courtiers; purpuratis tuis ista minitare, 
Cic 

purpiircus -a -urn (mpifnipcos). I. purple, 
and so of shades resembling purple, blackish, 
dark-red, dark-brown, dark-violet ; vestitus, Cic; 
rubor, blush, Ov. ; capillus, crinis, Verg. ; mare, 
Cic. II. Meton., A. clad in purple; rex, Ov. ; 
lyraunus, Hor.; transf., adorned with purple; 
torus, Ov. ; purpureis pennis, with purple 
plumes, Verg. B. bright, beautiful; olores, 
Hor. ; ver, Verg. 

purus -a -urn, clean, pure. I. A. Lit., a, 
unda, Verg.; Ions, Plant.; aerc purior ignis, Ov.; 
terra, cleared of stones, stubble, etc., Cic. ; b, of 
the air, sun, etc, bright, clear, Cic; neut. 
subst., perpurum, the dear sky, Vevg. B. Transf., 
without addition, simple, plain; a, hnsta, 
without a head, Verg. ; b, unadorned, plain; 
parma, Verg.; argentum, without reliefs, Cic; 
of dress, without ornament; esp., among the 
Romans, without a purple stripe ; vestis, Verg.; 
toga, Phacdr.; c, clear, unmixed, unadulterated; 
uarduu), Tib.; d, dear (gain, profit); quid possit 
ad dominos puri ae reliqui pervenire, Cic. II. 
Fig., A. Gen., 1, spotless; a, holy, upright; 
purus et integer, Cic. ; b, free from crime, esp., 
murder; pura nianus, Verg. ; with genit., 
sceleris, Hor. ; c, free from sensuality, chaste, 
pure; animam puram conservare, Cic; d, of 
discourse, pure, faultless ; pura et incomipta 
consuetudo, Cic; 2, a, religious t. t., (a) un- 
consecrated, Cic; (fi) untrodden, undefiled; locus, 
Liv.; (y) free from mourning (by completion of 
funeral rites); familia, Cic; (S)act., purifying; 
arbor, Ov. ; b, rhet. t. t., unadorned, natural, 
simple; purtnn genus dicendi, Cic; c, legal 
t. t.. without conditions, absolute, unconditional ; 
judicium, Cic. 

pus, puris n. corrupt matter ; fig., gall, venom, 
Hor. 

piislllus -a -urn, dim. very small, tiny, puny, 
I. Lit., testis, Cic; Homa, Cic. ;• epistola, Cic. 
Subst., piisillum -i, n. a trifle, a little, ap. 
Cic II. Transf., a, of ability, very insignifi- 
cant; ingenium, Mart.; b, of courage, animus, 
timid, Hor.; C, petty, mean; animus, Cic; d, 
little, insignificant ; causa, Ov. 

pusio -onis, m. a little boy, Cic. 

-' puta (imper. 2. puto), far example, suppose, 

for instance, Hor. 

putamen -Inis, n. (1. puto), a cutting, jxiring, 
shred, shell, Cic. 

putcal -Mis, n. (puteus). I. a stone curb 
round, the mouth of a, well. II. Trans)., a similar 
enclosure around aSacred place— e.g., the Puteal 
Lilionis or Sciiboniannm at Rome, where the 
usurers, carried on business, in, the CouriUuin. 
Cic, 



ptlt 



457 



putealis -e (puteus), of or whiting to a veil ; 
llhdae, Ov. ; lympliae, Lucr. 

ptitgarius -li, in. (puteus), a mil-sinker, 
Liv. 

putOO, 2. (root PUT, Or. IIY0, whence Tnlflw, 
Trvoo/tai), to stink, Cic. 

Piiteoli (PStgoli) -orum, in. a town in 
Campania on the coast with many mineral springs 

favourite resoH of the Romans, now Pozzuo)o. 
Hence, Piitedlanus -a -urn, belonging to 
Piiteoli. Subst., a, Puteolanum -i, n. an 
estate of Cicero, near Futeoli; b, PutSdlani 
-Orum, m. the people of Futeoli. 

puter -tris -tre and putris -e. I. rotten 
putrid, slinking; poma, Ov. ; fervent examina 
putri <le bovfi, Ov. II. Transf., loose, flabby, 
crumbling, friable; gleba, Verg.; campus Vera' 
mammae, Hor. ^ oculi, languishing, Hor.' 

putesco (putisco) -tui, 3. (puteo), to decay, 
become rotten, grow putrid, Cic. 

putSus -i, m. (root PUT, connected with 
BO0, whence /3o0po ? ), a pit ; a, in agriculture, 
a pit, trench, Verg.; b, a well, spring, Cic. 

PUtlde, a.lv. (putidus), of discourse, af- 
fectedly, disgusting!,/; dicere, Cic; Dutidius 
iitteras exprimere, Cic. 

putidiusculus -a -um (dim. of putidus) 
somewhat affected, nauseous, Cic. 

PUtldus -a -um (puteo), rotten, slinking, 
Vutnd. A. Lit., caro, Cic. B. Transf., 1 
cerebrum putidius, addled, Hor. ; 2, nausious, 
troublesome, pedantic, affected; haec satis spero 
vobis inoleste et putida videri, Cic. ; pntidum 
est, with lnfin., it is pedantic, etc.. Cic • of 
orators, affected, ornate; Demosthenes, Cic ' 



pyr 



1-puto 1. (root PU, whence purus, putus) 
to cleanse; hence, to lop, to prune trees vites 
Nerg. . ' 

2. pfito, l w (roofc PUT, Gr. IIY©, nv0Ma h 
aoi. ot nurfloi/o^at), to reckon, I. Gen , a to 
reckon, calculate, compute, to estimate, value 'at ; 
with gemt. of value magni putare honores, Cic. 
with pro and the abl., aliquem pro nihilo Cic : 
™, m n" d U - ,e , al)I '. ^ liominum numero 
putabat, Cic. ; with ace. of predicate, se solum 
.beatum, Cic; b, to consider, hold, believe, sup- 
pose; with ace, putare deos, to believe In the 
gods, Cic ; with ace and infln., noli putare me 
maliusse, Cic; absol., non putaram Cic • 
parentlict,, puto or ut puto, / suppose, Ci'e li' 
a, to count over ■; rationes cum publieanis, settle 
accounts with, Cic; b, to weigh, reflect ; debes 
putare eomitns studium esse populi, non judic- 

* II III j \j l Kj t 

Li^r 1 * 01 " " 5lJS ' '"■ (lnitco) ' bad SMeU > sti " ! -; 

pOtrefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., pfi- 
trfifio -factus sum -«Sri (putreo and facio) 
*. to make rotten, and pass., to become rotten 

he e^'hnn 1 " 'SS?'? I,atere 'mbribUS putre- 
». cien lum, Liv II. to make pliable, to soften; 
ardentia saxa nifuso aceto, Liv. 

o^TuoT^ 3 - (putreo) ' ' ; become ***« 

JEuFSSZ " a n' m fr" tre °). 1. rotten, decayed, 
putrid, dentes, Cic; 2, loose, flabby, Cat 

putror -Oris, m. rottenness, putridity, Lucr. 

wSSFS * * llm - ( i' 00t Pu - whe,,ce ruto, 

purus), pare, unmixed, unadulterated.; usually 
found in connexion with purus, Plant ■ with- 
out purus, meae putissimae orationes, brilliant, 

ist? Phaed v~ 6B) 3e ' m " (™ KT V)> a hMer > mfil- 

15*' 



Pydna -ae, f. (ntSi-a), a town in Macedonia, 
mere AemUius Paulus defeated Perseus, king of 
Macedonia, 108 B.C., perhaps modern Ayan. 
Hence, Pydnaei -Oruin, m. the inhabitants of 
Pydna. 

Pyga = puga (q.v.). 

Pygargus -i, m. (m/'yapyo?), 1, the fish-eagle, 
rim.; 2, a species of antelope, Juv. 

Pygmaei -orum, m. (Uvynaloi), the Pygmies, 
a race oj dwarjs supposed to inhabit Africa, 
and to engage in war with cranes. Ilence, adj., 
Pygmaeus -a -um, Pygmaean; quae Pyg- 
maeo sanguine gandet avis, the crane, Ov. 

Pygmalion -onis, m. (rruypaAiW). I. 
grandson of Agenor, who fell in love with a beau- 
tijul statue which he had made, and which Venus 
at his prayer endowed with life. II. king in 
lyre, brother of Dido, whose husband he slew. 

Pylad'is -ae and -is, m. (nvAaSr,?), son of 
Strophius,and the faithful friendof Orestes ; hence, 
Pray, for a faithful friend, Ov. Hence, adj., 
Pyladeus -a -um, Pyladean; amicitia, i.e.. 
faithful, tender, Cic 

pylae -arum, f. (n-uAcu, gates), passes between 
mountains, defiles. I. Gen., 'Luui, separating 
Cappadoca from Cilicia, Cic. II. Esp., Pylae 
— Thermopylae, Liv. Hence, Pylaicus -a -um 
relating to Thermopylae; concilium, convention, 
congress held aC Thermopylae, Liv. 

Pylaemones -is, m. an old king of the 
lleneti in l'aphlagonia, killed before Troy. ' 

Pylius, Pylus. 

• P ,^ lu ? (" gs )'"'> f - (niJAos), name of two cities 
in the 1 eloponnesvs, one in Messcuia, the residence 
of Neleus now Alt-Navarino ; the other in Tri- 
Pliylia, the resideno: of Nestor, hence called Nes- 
torea, Ov.; hence, adj., Pylius -a-um, a, re- 
lating to Pyliis; subst., Pylius -li, m. flte 
Pylian, i.e., Nestor; b, poet. = of Nestor; dies, 

pyra -ae, f. (m>pd). I. a funeral pyre, Verg. 
J; f n I"'°i: er n:m ^> Pyra -ae, f. a place on 
Alouyit Oeta, where Hercules burnt himself. 

the Cyclopes of Vulcan. 

Pyracmgs -i, m. one of the Centaurs at the 
u-eddmg of Pirithous. 

pyramidatus -a -um, pyramidal, Cic. 

pyramls -Idis, f. (Trupap..'?), ci pyramid, Cic. 

t* 1 " , P ^ ami ^ 8 'k In < n vPW<), the lover of 
Thisbe, who stabbed herself in the belief that he was 
dead. 

,,.p . p y r Smus -i, m. (nupa M os), ft river in 

Cilicia, now Geiimn. 

Pyrene -SB, f. (Uvprjur,), daughter of Bebrvx, 
beloved by Hercules, buried in the mountain, called 
after her; hence, Pyrinaeus -a -um, belonging 
to Pyrene; Pyrenaei Montes. the Pyrenees, the 
mountains between Gaul and Spain ; so simply 
Pyrenaeus -i, m., Liv. (Pyrene-, in Tib.). 

W^ r Ov hrUm "'' "' (^^P ")' rt l 1,a "l, 1*1- 

Pyrgi -Orum, m. (UJpyoi = turres), a tmsn 
in Etruria, now the village of St. Severo. Hence 
.Pyrgensis -e, belonging to Pyrgi. 

PyrgO -us, f. tlu nurse of Priam's children. 

Pyriphlegethon -ontis, m. (livpi^y^,.), 
the fire-stream, a river in the lower world; gen - 
simply Phlegcthon. 6 

St ( S s 5v m ' { ™ p6( « l fiery ' one 
JSASo^" 1 (,rvp<07r<5j) ' a kindo/mixed 



Pyr 



458 



qua 



Pyrrha-ae, f. (Uvpfa). I. daughter of Epi- 

melheus, wife of Deucalion. II. a town in Lesbos, 
now Culoni. Adj., Pyrrlrias -Mis, f. relating 
to the town of Pyrrha. 

Pyrrho (Pyrro) -Snis, m. (Xlvppoiv), a Greek 
philosopher of litis, founder of the so-called Sceptical 
School, contemporary of Alexander the Great. 
Hence, Pyrrhonet -Gram, m. the followers of 
Pyrrho. 

Pyrrhus -i, in. (riiippo?). I, son of Achilles 

and Deidamia of Scyrus (also called Neopto- 
lemos), founder of a monarchy in Spirits, killed 
at Delphi by Orestes. II. king in Epirus, enemy 
of the Eomans. Hence, Pyrrheum -i, n. 

the royal castle of Pyrrhus. 

Pythagoras -ae, m. (YlvPaySpas), Greek 

philosopher of Samos (about 550 B.c), who after- 
wards settled in Lower Italy (in Crotona and 
Metapontum), and founded the schoolnamed after 
him. Hence, Pythagoreus -a -uni, Py'tha- 
go: BOtt, and subst., a Pythagorean. 

Pytho -iis, f. (Uv9w), the old name of the part 
of Phocis at the foot of Parnassus where Delphi 
lay. Hence, A. Pythicus -a -urn, Pythian, 
Delphic, relating to Apollo. B. PythlUS -a 
-urn, relating to Apollo, Delphic; subst, a, 
Pythia -ae, f. the priestess who delivered the 
oracles at Delphi; b, Pythia -drum, n. (™ 
TIvOlo.), the Pythian games, celebrated every five 
years in the Cumaean plains near Delphi in 
honour af Apollo, icho slew the Python. 

Python -'"mis, m. (Uv8ior), a great snake 
killed by Apollo, near Delphi. 

pytisma -fitis, m. (nvno-fia), the wine which 
is spit out or spurted through the lips (in tasting), 
Jnv. 

pytisso, 1. (irvTi'fu), to spit out wine (in 
tasting), Ter. 

pyxis -Idis, f. (™£is), a little box, casket, used 
for drugs, etc.; veneni, Cic. 



Q. 

Qq.the sixteenth letter of t lie Roman alpha- 
. bpt, only used before u followed by a 
vowel. It not unfreqnently represents the Greek 
ir ; e.g., quinqne rrivre, equus i'mro?, seqnor 
«Va>. For abbreviations In which Q. is used, see 
Table of Abbreviations. 

qua, adv. (from qui, quae, quod). I. on 
which side, where; ad oinnes introitus qua adiri 
poterat, Cic. ; eorresp., ea . . . qua, Caes. II. 
Transf., A. partitive, qua . . . qua, partly . . . 
partly ; both . . . as well as, qua doniinus qua 
advocatu9, Cic. B. in so far as, in as much as ; 
effuge qua potes, Ov., Cic. C. in what manner, 
how; illuc qua veniam? Cic. 

quacumquo, adv. (sc. parte, from quicum- 
que). I. wnerever, wheresoever ; quacumque 
iter fecit, Cic. II. by all means, in every manner, 
Verg. 

quadamteniis, adv. to a certa in point, so far • 
found in the tmesis, est quadam prodire tenus, 
Hor. a 

Quad! -'"rum, ir». a people in the southeast of 
Germany in modem Moravia. 

quadra, v. quadras. 

quadragoni -ae -a, num. distrib. (qnadra- 
ginta), forty each, Cic. 

quadragesimus -a -nm (quadraginta), the 



fortieth ; subst., quadragesima -ae, f. tni 
fortieth part ; esp., as a tax, Tac. 

quadratics, adv. forty times, Cic. , 

quadraginta, forty, Cic. 

quadrans -antis, m. (quadro), a fourth part,- 
quarter. I. heres ex qnadrante, to the fourth 

■part of the property, Suet. II. As a coin, the 
fourth part of an as, three unciae, Liv. ; the ordi- 
nary price of a bath; duia tu qnadrante lavatum 
rex ibis, Hor. 

quadrantal -ftlis, n. a liquid measure con- 
taining S congii, Plant. 

quadrantarius -a -urn (quadrans), pertain- 
ing to a quarter. I. Gen., tabulae quadrantariae, 
reduction of debts by a quarter in consequence of 
(Ae lex Valeria feneratoria, Cic. II. Esp., cost- 
ing a quarter of an as, Cic. 

quadra tus -a -nm (quadro), quadrangular, 
square. A. Adj., saxum, Liv. ; agmen, n square of 

soldiers, Cic. B. Subst., quadratum -i, n. ; 

a, a square, Cic. ; b, 1. 1. of astronomy, quadra- 
ture, Cic. 

quadriduum (quatridiium, quat- 
triduum) -i, n. (quatuor and dies), a space of 
four days ; quadriduo quo haec gesta sunt, Cic. 

quadriennium -ii, n. (quatuor and annus), 
a period of four years, Cic. 

quadrifarlam, adv. (quatuor), fourfold, in 
four parts, Liv. 

quadrifldus -a -urn (quatuor and flndo), 
split into four portions, Verg. 

quadrigae -arum, f. (= quadrijngae, from 
quatuor and jugum), a team of four horses 
abreast, used of the animals alone, of the animals 
and the chariot, and of the chariot alone. I. 
Lit., alborum equorum, Liv. ; esp., of racing 
chariots, enrru quadrigaruin velii, Cic. II. 
Fig., equis ant quaclrigis poeticis, Cic. 

quadiigarius -li, m. (quadriga), the driver 
of four horses, a racing charioteer, Cic. 

quadrigatus -a -urn (quadriga), stamped 
with the figure of a quadriga ; numini, silver 
denarii, Cic. 

quadrigulae -arum, f. (dim. of quadriga), 
a little, team of four horses, Cic. 

quadrijugis -e (quatuor and jugum), yoked 
four together ; equi, Verg. 

quSdrijtigus -a -urn (quatuor and jugum), 
yoked four together; equi, Ov. ; currus, Verg. ; 

subst., quadrijugi -orum, in. a team of four 

horses, Ov. 

quadrimus -a -nm (quatuor), four years 
old, Cic. 
quadringenarlus -a -urn (quadringeni), of 

four hundred cadi, Cic. 
quadringeni -an -a (quadringenti), num. 

distrib., four hundred each, Liv. 

quadringenteni -ae-a, four hundred each, 

Liv. 

quadringentesimus -a -nm (quadrin- 
genti), the four hundredth, Liv. 

quadringenti -ae -a (quatuor and centum), 
four hundred, Cic. 

quadringentles./oiWituirf/'aZ times, Cic. 

quadripartltd, in four parts, Co. 

quadripartltus (quadrrpertltus) -a 
-uin (quatuor and partior), divided into four 
parts, fourfold; distributio, Cic. 

quadriremis -e (quatuor and remis). with 
four banks of oars ; quadriremis navis, and 



qua 



459 



qua 



subst., quadriremis -is, f. a ship with four 
banks of oars, Cic. 

quadrivium -ii, n. (quatuor and via), a 
place where four roads meet, Cat. 

quadro, I. (quadras). I. Transit., to make 
Jiuare, to square; transf., to join properly to- 
gether, complete rhythmically ; quadrandae ora-, 
tionis industria, Cic. II. Intransit., to be 
square; a, to fit exactly, to suit ; omnia in istam 
quadrant, correspond with, Cic. ; b, esp., of 
accounts, to agree ; quo modo sexcenta eodem 
modo quadrarint, Cic. 

quadrum, v. quadras. 

quadrupedans -antis (quatuor and pes), 
going on four feet, galloping; a, adj., Echetlus, 
a Centaur, Ov. ; transf., sonitus (of a galloping 
horse)j Verg. ; b, subst., a horse, Verg. 

quadrupes -pSdis (quatuor and pes), four- 
footed ; usually subst., quadrupes -pSdis, c. 
a fourfooted animal, quadruped; (a) masc, 
saucius quadrupes, Verg.; (fi) fem., quadrupes 
nulla, Verg. 

quadruplator -oris, m. (quadruplor), an 
informer who received a fourth part of the penalty, 
Cic. 

V .J 

quadruplex -pllcis (quatuor and plico), 
fourfobl, quadruple, Li v. 

quadruplor, 1. dep. to be an informer, 
Plaut. (cf. quadruplator). 

quadruplus -a -um (quatuor and plus = 
ttAous = rerpan^oiii), fourfold. Subst., quad- 
rilplum -i, n. four times the amount, four times 
as much ; judicium dare in quadruplum, Cic. 

quadrus -a -um (quatuor), square. Subst., 
A. quadra -ae, f. a square; 1, a square dining- 
table ; hence, a, piece of bread used as a plate, 
Verg. ; aliens, vivere quadra, to live at another 
person's table, Juv. ; 2, a square piece, or morsel, 

Hor. B. quadrum -i, n. a square; transf., 
redigere omnes in quadrum numcrumque sen- 
tentias, proper order, Cic. 

quaerito, 1. (intens. of quaero). I. to seek 
eagerly, Plaut. II, to inquire eagerly, Plaut. 

quaero, quaeslvi, quaesitum, 3. I. to seek, 
search for ; 1, lit., (a) of persons, suos, Caes. ; 
liberos ad necem, Cic. ; portum, Caes. ; (0) of 
tilings, te decisa suum dextera quaerit, Verg. ; 
2, transf., (a) to seek to obtain, strive to get; 
alicui or sibi honores, Cic. ; gloriain bello, Cic. ; 
(/S) to prepare, mo.ke ready for ; fugam ex Italia, 
Cic. ; (y) to seek with longing, to miss, want ; 
Caesarem, Hor. ; eas'balneas, Cic; with at and 
tlie subj., quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationein, 
Cic. ; (&) tolook round about for, think of ; oinisso 
veteri consilio novum, Sail.; (e) with infin., to 
seek to, wish to; abrumpere lucem, Verg. ; 3, to 
investigate, make an examination of ; reliquorum 
seiitcntiam, Cic. ; with de and the abl., de vita 
et de nioribus, Cic. ; 4, to wish to know, to ask, 
to inquire; aliquem a janua, to ask after someone 
at the door of his house, Cic. ; aliquid ex or de 
aliqun, gen. with rel. sent, de te quaero utiuin 
. . . an, Cic. ; quaesivit si (whether) incolumis 
evasisset, Liv. ; partic. subst., quaesitum -i, 
n. the question, Ov. ; 5, to ask judicially, hold a 
judicial investigation, inquire into; de morte 
aliciuus,Cic. ; de servo in dominum, to interro- 
gate the slave under torture about his master, Cic. 
II. a, to seek = to obtain (by work, etc.), to win, 
gain; nummos aratro et manu, Cic; jam diu 
nihil quaesivisse, Cic. ; partic. subst, quae- 
situm -i, n. and plur., quaesita -orum, n. 
that which is gained, acquisition, Ov. ; b, to look 
round for in vain, to miss; SiciUam in Sicilia, 



Cic. ; quaerit Boeotia Dircen, Ov. ; o, to demann, 
make necessary ; dictatoriaru majestatem, Liv. 

quaesitlo -onis, f. (quaero), an interrogw 
tion by torture, Tac. 

quaesitor -5ris, m. (quaero), an investigator, 
inquirer, esp., a judicial investigator, Cic. ; crim- 
imira, Liv. 

quaesitum, v. quaero. 

quaesitus -a -um, p. adj. (from quaero), I, 
sought out, uncommon, select, extraordinary ; 
leges quaesitiores (opp, simpUces), Tac. II, 
unnatural, affected; comitas, Tac. 

quaeso -ivi, 8. (another form of quaero). I. 
to seek for, strive to obtain, Plaut. II, to beg, 
beseech, tntreat ; with ace, ventorum paces, 
Lucr. ; with ut or no and the subj., a vobis 
quaeso nt, etc., Cic; absol., / beg, I entreat; 
tu, quaeso, scribe, Cic. 

quaestioiilus -i, m. (dim. of quaestus), a 
small gain, slight profit, Cic. 

quaestfo -onis, f. (quaero), a seeking, search- 
ing. A. an asking, questioning ; captivorum, 
Caes. B. 1, an inquiring, investigating, inquiry; 
tota fere quaestiotractetavidetu.r, Cic. ; inquaes- 
tionem vucare, to investigate, Cic; 2, raeton., 
a, the sidiject of inquiry; de natura deorum, 
Cic. ; b, esp., rhet. 1. 1., (a) the subject of debate 
in a speech, Cic. ; (j3) the main point, the issue, 
Cic. C. 1, a public judicial inquiry, investiga- 
tion, often with torture, hae quaestiouesin senatu 
habitae, Cic. ; quaestionem habere de viri morte, 
Cic; quaestionem habero de servis in filium, 
Liv. ; quaestionem inter sicarios exercere, on an 
assassination, Cic. ; quaestiones perpetuae, stand- 
ing courts of justice at Rome for the investigation 
of crime (instituted 149 B.C.); 2, meton., record 
(of such a court), fictam quaestionem conscrib- 
ere, Cic 

quacstiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of quaestio), 
a little question; ponere alicui quaestlunculain, 
Cic. 

quaestor -oris, in. (for quaesitor, from 
quaero), the quaestor, in plur., the quaestors, 
magistrates in Rome, originally two in number, 
who inquired into and punished capital crimes; 
in full, quaestores parricidii ; gen,, , simply 
quaestores, Cic. ; in later times there were other 
quaestors, quaestores aerarii and urbani, tlie 
magistrates who took charge of thepublic treasury 
and expenditure; other quaestors accompanied 
the consuls and praetors on military expeditions 
and to provincial comivnids, and acted as pay- 
masters ; the number of quaestors, originally 
two, was in the end raised to eighteen. 

quaestorius -a -um (quaestor), belonging 
or relating to a quaestor. I. Gen., A. Adj., 
comitia, for choice of a quaestor, Cic ; offieium, 
duty of quaestor, Cic. ; scelus, committed by a 
quaestor, or investigated by a quaestor, Cic. ; porta, 
gate in the camp near the quaestor's tent, Liv. B. 
Subst., quaestorium -Ii, n. 1, (sc tentorium^, 
the quaestor's tent in camp, Liv. ; 2, (sc. aediflc- 
ium), the qtiaestor's dwelling in a province! Cic 
II. Esp., having the rank of a qiuxestor. A. 
Adj., legatus, Cic. B. Subst., quaeatdrius 
-li, m. one who hadbcen quaestor, Cic 

quaestudsus -a -um (quaestus), gainful, 
profitable. I. mercatura, Cic. II. Of persons, 

1, fond of gain, eager after profit; homo, Cic, ; 

2, having gained much, rich, Tac. 
quaestura -ae f. (quaestor), the offlot or 

dignity of the quaestor, quaestorship, Cic' 

quaestus -us, m. (quaero), a gaining, get* 
ting, profit, gain, admntage; quaestus ac lucrum 
unius agri et unius anni, Cic. ; quaestui deditum 
esse, to be devoted to money-getting, Sail. ; quaes- 
tui habere rempublicam, to make the administra- 



qua 



460 



qua 



tion of the slate an Oceanian of profit, Cic ; fuitis 
qiiaeatum Riccre, Cic. ; quaestti judiciario pasci, 
to live on tlie jwy of a judge, Cic. 

qualibet (qualiibSt), adv. (abl. of qui- 
iibet). I. wherever you like, everywhere, Plant. 
II. im any way you please, Cat. 

qualis -e (from quam, as talis from tam) = 
Troio?, of what sort, what kind of. I. Interrog., 
qualis est istorum oratio? Cic. II. Rel., with 
corresponding talis, as ; without talis, of such a 
kind, such as; qualem te praebuisti, talem te 
impertias, Cic. ; ut res non tales, quales ante 
habitae siut, liabenchie videantur, Cic. ; in hoc 
bello, quale bellum nulla barbaria geasit, such a 
war as, Cats. ; doce me quales sint, Cic. III. 
Indef. subst., quale, having some quality or other; 
ilia quae appellant qualia, Cic. 

qualiscumque, qualecumque. I. Rel., 
of whatever kind, of whatever sort; homines 
qualeseumque sunt, Cic. II. Indef., any, with- 
out exception, any whatever; sin qualemcumque 
locum sequimur, Cic. 

qualisllbet, qualSlibet, of what sort you 
will; fonnae litterarmn vel aureae vel quales- 
libet, Cic. 

qualitas -Stis, f. (qualis), a quality, property, 
Cic. 
qualiter, adv. (qualis), as, just as, Ov. 

qualus -i, m. and qualum -i, n. a wicker- 
basket, Verg. 

quam (ace. of quae, analogous to tain), how, 
in what way ; and emphatic, lww much. I. In 
I'orrelation. A. In comparison, a, with tarn, 
v. tarn; with tarn left out, homo non, quam 
isti sunt, gloriosus, Liv. ; quam si = tamquam 
si, a.s if, Cic. ; often with superb, quam maxima 
possum voce dico, wWi as loud a voice as pos- 
sible, Cic. ; quam celerrlme potuit, L'aes. ; ellipti- 
i-ally, without possum, as much as.possible, very ; 
with adj. and adv. in posit, and superl., quam 
magnis Itineribus, Caes. ; quam plurimo vendere, 
as dear as possible, Cic. ; quam saepissime, as 
often as possible, Cic. ; (plain primum, as soon as 
possible, Cic. ; noete quam longa est, the whole 
long night through, Verg. ; b, with tantus, v. 
tantus ; c, with sic, Verc. ; d, with compara- 
tives or words implying comparison, than, as; 
nihil est magis timendum quam, etc., Cic; 
major sum quam cui possit, etc., too great to be, 
etc., Ov. ; with a second comparative following, 
longior quam iatior, more, long than, wide, Cic. ; 
with a superl., to expr n «s an emphatic compara- 
tive, cum tyranno, quam qui uinquam, saevis- 
sirao, Liv. ; with verbs implying a comparison, 
such as malle, potius nialle, praestat, etc., Caes. ; 
and other words of similar meaning, as aeque, 
supra, ultra, seens, alius, aliter, alibi, dissimilis, 
dlversus, etc.; quam pro, foil, by abl., after a 
comparison ; proeliuin atrocius quam pro nu- 
mero pugnantium editur, fiercer than you would 
expect from the number of the combatants, Liv. 
B. In phrases relating to time, after that, thai ; 
postero die or postridie quam, Cic. II. To ex- 
press degree, how, how great, hm» little; a, in 
indirect speech, (a) with adv. and adj., memoriS 
lenetis quam valde admurmurarint, Cic; (0) 
with verbs, attende jam, quam ego defugiam 
auctoritatern consnlatus mei, Cic. ; b, in direct 
speech, in questions and exclamations ; (a) with 
adj. and adv., quam multis, quam panels, Cic. ; 
(fi) with verbs, quam hoc non euro, Cic. 

quamdiu, so long as, as long as, until ; 
quamdiu potuit tacuit, Caes. ; disces quamdiu 
voles, Cic. 

quamllbe't, adv. I. us.you please, as you 

will, Lucr. II. howsoever, ever so much. ; maims 
quainlibet inhrmae, Ov. 



quamobi-em (quam ob rem), on which 

account, for which reason, wherefore, why. I. 
Interrog., Cic. II. Rel., si res reperietnv 

quam ob rem videantur, Cic. 

quamprimum, adv. as soon as possible, 
forthwith, Cic. 

quamquam, conj. although, though, and 
sometimes at the beginning of a sentence, 
nevertheless, notwithstanding, and yet, yet; gen. 
with indie, only in classical prose with subj. 
when the thought would require the subj. even 
without quamquam ; medici quamquam intellig- 
unt saepe, tamen numquam aegris dieunt, Cic. ; 
at the beginning of a sentence, quamquam quis 
ignorat, Cic. ; with a partic, omnia ilia quae 
sunt, extra, quamquam expetenda, summo bono 
continereutur, Cic. 

quamvis, I. Adv. A. Gen., as you will, as 
much as you please, ever so much ; quamvis 
multos nominating proferre, Cic. ; et praetcr cos 
quamvis enumeres multos licet, Cic. B. as much 
as possible, very much, exceedingly ; quamvis 
copiose, Cic. II. Conj. however much, although, 
albeit, gen. with subj. ; quamvis prudens sis, 
tamen, etc., Cic. ; with an adj. or partic. with- 
out a verb, quamvis iniqua passi, Cic. 

quanam (abl. of quinam), where indeed, 
where, Liv. 

quando, adv. and conj. I. Adv., when. A. 
when =; at what time; a, interrog., quando 
enim me ista curasse arbitramini ? Cic; b, 
rel., non intelligitur, quando obrepat seneetus, 
Cic. ; c, indef., at any time, ever ; quaestio mini 
quando amiei novi veteribus sint anteponendi, 
Cic B. when = in what circumstances, Cie. 
II. Conj., a, temporal = when ; turn quando 
legates Tyrum misimus, Cic; b, causal, since, 
because; quando ad majores qnaedam nati annuls, 
Cic. 

quandocumque, adv. I. Rel., whenever. 
as often as; quandneuinque trahunt invisa 
negotia Romam, Ilor. II. Indef., at some time 
or other ; quandocumque mihi poenas dabis, Ov. 

quandoque, adv. I. Rel., whenever, as 
often as, Cic. II. Indef., at some time or other, 
Cic. 

quandoquidem, conj. since, because, Cic. 

quantillus -a -um (dim. of quantnlus), how 
little! how small ! how insignificant ! Plaut. 

quanto, v. quantus. 

quantdpere' (quanto opere), adv. 
(quantus and opus), with what great trouble. 
I. Lit., with what care, how much ; quanto sc 
opere custodiant bestiae, Cic. II. Transf., 
to what an extent, how much ; dici non potest, 
quanto opere gaudeant, Cic. 

quantillus -a -um (dim. of quantus), how 
little, how small, how unimportant ; quantulus 
sol nobis videtur ! Cic; quantulum judicaie 
possemns, Cic 

quantiiluscumque -acumque -umenm- 
que, how little soever, however small; de hac 
mea, quantulacamque est, facilitate, Cic; neut. 
subst., how little soever ; quantulumcumque dice- 
bamus, Cic. 

quantum, v. quantus. 

quantumviS. I. Adv. as much as yon 
please, ever so much, very much, Suet. II. Conj. 
although; illecatna, quantumvis rusticus, Hor. 
- quantus -a -um (from quam and adj. 
ending tns), of what size, how great. I. Rel. — 
o<ro9. A. den. of size, number, etc., 7i0IC great, 
and (without corresponding tantus) as gem! as ; 
of time, how lung, so long as; of other relations, 
7ioie important, as important as ; 1, adj., («) with 
i tantus or tarn, ■:. tantus, tarn; (j3) with correL 



qua 



461 



que 



left out, at acciperent pecuniam quantum vel- 
lent, Cic. ; nox acta, quanta fuit, as long as it 
lasted, the whole long night, Ov. ; quanta maxima 
edentate potui, with the greatest possible speed, 
Liv. ; 2, neut. gubst., quantum ; a, with genit. 
or absol., quantum est ex Sicilia frumeuti, Cic; 
quantum ego sentio, Cic. ; quantum in me est, 
as far as in vie lies, Cic. ; in quantum, in so Jar, 
Ov. ; b, genit. of price : how dear, at what 
price; quanta locaverint, tantam pecuniam solv- 
endam, Cic. ; quanti quanti, at whatever price, 
Cic. ; c, abl., qtfanto in comparatives, the more; 
(juanto longius diseederent. eo, etc., Liv. ; so, 
quanta ante, Cic. ; 3, neut., quantum, adv., a, 
as far us ; nisi quantum usus necessario cogeret, 
Liv.; b, = quam, to strengthen a superl., 
quantum maxima accelerare poterat, Liv. ; c, 
paienthet, ea, quantum potui, feci, to the best oj 
my power, Cic. II. Interrog. = noo-os, how 
great ? A. Gen., 1, adj., (a) in direct questions, 
in exclamations, quanta notitia antiqnitatis '? 
Cic. ; 03) in direct speech, quum ipsa pecunia 
nuiuero et summa sua, quanta fuerit, ostendat, 
Cic. ; 2, neut. subst, genit. quanti, at what a 
price ? hoiu dear ? in indirect questions, cum 
scias, quanti Tulliam faciam, how highly I 
es'eem, Cic. ; 3, neut., quantum, adv., how 
much. ; quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore, Verg. ; 
B. Emphatic, how little! 1, adj., in indirect 
speech, me ipsum poenitet, quanta sint, Cic ; 2, 
subst., a, quantum, (a) in direct question, Ov.; 
(/3) in indirect speech, quantum tu speres per- 
spicio, Cic. ; b, genit., quanti est ista hoininum 
gloria quae, etc., Cic. 
quantuscumque -ucumquS -umcumque, 

1. how great soever ; bona, quantacumque crant, 
Cic; emphat, quantacumque victoria, Cic. II. 
as much soever as; quautuuicumque possum, 
Cic. 

quantusltbet -talibet -tumlibet, as great 
as you will, Iwwever great, however much; ordo, 
Ov. ; magnitudo hominis, Liv. 

quantusvis -avis -uinvis, as great as you 
please, how great or how much soever ; quantasvis 
magnas copias sustineri posse, Caes. ; portum 
•satis amplum quantaevis classi, Liv. 

quapropter, on which account, wherefore, 
Cic. 

quaqua (abl. of quisquis), wherever, whither- 
soever, Plaut. 

quire, adv. (qui and res). I. by which means, 
whereby ; permulta sunt quae dici possnnt, 
quare intelligatur, Cic. II. wherefore, on which 
account. A. Interrog., quare negasti, etc., Cic 
B. Itel., utenduni est excusatione, quare id ne- 
cesse fuerit, Cic. 

quartadecumani -orum, m. (quartus deci- 
mus), soldiers of the fourteenth legion, Tac. 

quartana, v. quartanus. 

quartanus -a -uni (quartus), relating to the 
fourth. I. relating to the fourth day; febris 
quartana, Cic. ; and subst. simply, quartana 
.-ae, f. a quarlan fever; quartana ab aliquo dis- 
cessit, Cic. II. relating to the fourth legion-; 
quartan! -ornm, m. the soldiers of the fourth' 
legion, Tac. 

■ quartarius -li, m. (quartus), the fourth part 
of a sextarius, Liv. 

quarto, v. quartus.' 

quartum. v quartus. 

quartus -z -ma the fourth. I. Adj., pars, 
Caei. II. Subst, I. quartus -i, m., (a) (sc. 
libei), the fourth book; in quarto accusationis, 
Cic. ; (0) (sc. lapis), ihe fourth milestone, Tac. ; 

2, quarta -ae, f. (gc. hora), the fourth hour, 
Hor. III. Adv., 1, quartum, for the fourth time, 
Cic. ; 2, quarto, for the fourth time. Qv, 



quartusdecimus -a -urn, the fourteenth, 
Tac. 

quasi, adv. as if. I. Of the comparison of 
whole sentences ; 1, in hypothetical compar- 
isons, os if; a, corresponding to ni, ita, tarn, 
perinde, proinde, and idem, with subj., sensu 
aniisso tit idem quasi liatua non esset omniuo, 
Cic; with partic, quas ni avlde arripui quasi / 
sitiiu explore cupioiis7C"lc ; b, without any cor- 
responding partic. in the subj., quid ego his tes- 
tibus utor, quasi res dubia autobsoura sit, Cic: 
often ironical, as ifjust us if; medico tria millia 
jugerum (dedisti) quasi te sanasset, Cic. ; with 
partic, hostes maximo clamore iusecuti quasi 
parts jam atque explorata victoria, Cic. ; 2. in 
pure comparison, as, like as; with the indie, 
quasi poma ex arboribns, ertnla si sunt, vix 
evelluntur ni, etc., Cic. II. To compare clauses 
or words ; 1, to soften an unusual expression, 
as it were, a sort of; philosophia procreutrix 
quaedam et quasi parens, Cic. ; 2, transf., as it 
were, almost, all but ; quasi in extrema pagina, 
Cic. 

quasillus -i, m. and quasillum -i, n. 
(dim. of qualus), a little wicker-basket, esp. for 
holding wool, Cic. 

quassatio -onis, f. (quasso), a shaking, Liv. 

quasso, 1. (intens. of quatio). I. Transf., 
to sliake violently. A. Lit., 1, gen., liastam, 
Verg. ; 2, esp., to sliatter, break in pieces, dash to 
pieces ; classis ventis quassata, Verg. ; naves 
quassatae, Liv. B. Transf., to shake, shatter; 
rempublicam, Cic. II. Reflex., to shake oneself, 
shake ; siliquii. quassantc, Verg. 

quassus -a -uni, partic. of quatio. 

quatenus, adv. how far. I. Lit, quatenus 
progredi debeat, Cic. ; ut nulla in re statuere 
possimus quatenus, Cic. II. Transf., - A. Of 
time, how long. B. Of other relations, 1, in so 
far as, Cic. ; 2, since, seeing that, Hor. 

quater, adv. numer. (quatuor), four times, 
Verg. ; ter et quater, again and again, often, 
Hor., Verg. 

quaterni -ae -a, num. distrib. (quatuor), 
four each; quateruae centesimae, interest at four 
per cent, monthly, Cic. 

quatio, quassi, quassum, 3. to shake. I. 
Lit , 1, gen., caput, Liv. ; alas, Verg. ; hastam, 
to brandish, Verg. ; 2, esp., a, o convulse ; risu 
populum, make their sides shake with laughing, 
Hor.; b, to strike, beat; cymbala, Verg. ; c, to 
crash, shatter; inuros arietibus, Liv. ; esp. partic, 
quassus ; quassae naves, leaky, shattered,' Liv. 
II. Transf., a, to shake, agitate, trouble; quod 
aegritudine quatiatur, Cic; b, to harass; oppida 
bello, Verg. 

quatriduum — quadriduum(q.v.). 
■ quatuor (quattuor), adj. num. (Wo-o-apes 
or Terrapes), four, Cic. 

quatuordecim, adj. num. (quatuor and 
decern), fourteen; quatuordecim oi dines, or 
simply quatuordecim, the fourteen rows of seats 
reserved in the circus for the equites, or knights, 
ht Rome; in quatuordecim ordinibus sedere, to 
be a knight, Cic. 

quatuorvxratus -us, m. (quatuorviri), the 
office of the quatuorviri ; ap. Cic. 

quatuorviri -orum, m. a college of four 
magistrates ; e.g., in Rome, for the care of the 
streets ; in municipia and coloniae, the chief 
magistrates, Cic. 

-que (Or. re) (an enclitic conj. always affixed 
to a word), and ; teque hortor, Cic. ; que . , . 
que, both . . . and, and . . . and; quique 
Romae quique in exercitu erant, Liv. ; special 
uses of que, a, and abovo all; largitiqneg 



quo 



4G2 



qui 



temeritatisque invitamenta, Liv. ; b, and in- 
deed, Caes. ; c, and accordingly, Cic. ; d, and 
rather; non nobis solum nati sumus ortusque 
uostfi partem patria vindicat, Cic. ; e, also, 
moreover ; Trebatioque mandavi, Cic. ; f , or, 
uxores liabent deni duodenique inter se com- 
munes, Caes. 
queis, quis = quibus, v. qui. 

quemadmodum (quern ad modum), 

in_ what manner, how. I. Interrog., quemad- 
modum est asservatus? Cic. II. Bel., A. Gen., 
semper vigilavi et providi, quemadmodum salvi 
esse possemus, Cic. B. Esp., -corresponding 
with sic, ita, item, etc., as, just as; quemad- 
modum socius in societate habet partem, sic 
heres in hereditate liabet partem, Cic. 

queo, quivi and quli, quitum, quire, to bealle, 
I {thou, he, etc.) can; often with the negative 
non queo, esp. with Ciooro, who never uses the 
1st pers. nequeo ; non queo reliqua scribere, Cic. 

quercetum -i, n. (quercus), an oak-wood, 
Hor. 

querceus -a -urn (quercus), oaken; corouae, 
of ov.kleaves, Tac. 

quercus -us, f. I. the oak, Cic. II. Poet., 
melon., 1, that which is made of oak; quercus 
civilis, a crown of oak-leaves for saving the life 
of a cit'-zen in war, Cic. ; 2, an acorn, Juv. 

querela (quereUa) -ae, f. (queror), a com- 
plaint. I. as an expression of pain ; a, wailing, 
cry ; maestis implere juga querelis, Ov. ; b, a 
cry or plaintive sound, of animals, Verg. II. as 
an expression of sadness, complaint, complaining; 
epistola plena querelaruin, Cic; vestrum bene- 
ticium nonnullam habet querelam, gives some 
occasion of complaint, Cic. 

queribundus -a -urn (queror), complaining, 
plaintive; vox, Cic. 

querlmonla -ae, f. (queror), a complaining, 
complaint ; de tuis injuriis, Cic. 

queritor, i. dep. (intens. of queror), /" com- 
plain excessively, Tac. 

querne'us -a -urn (Cor quercneus from quer- 
cus), of or relating to the oak, oaken; frondes, 
Prop. 

queraus = querneur (q.v.). 

queror, questus sum, 3. dep. to complain, 
bewail. I. Gen., a, of birds, Hor.; b, of musical 
instruments, fiebile nescio quid qneritur lyra, 
Ov. II. to lament or bevMil something; suuin 
fatum, Caes. ; injuria?, Cic. : de Milone, Cic. ; 
cum patribus conscriptis, to have a cause of 
complaint of, to complain of, Liv. ; with ace. and 
infln., se turn exstingui, Cic; with dat. of pers. 
and ace. of thing; Oceano furta niariti, Ov. 

querquetulanus -a -um (querquetum), of 
or belonging to an oak-wood ; Querquetulanus- 
mons, old name of the Caelius mons at Borne, Tac. 

querquetum = quercetum (q.v.). 

querulus -a -um (queror). I. complaining, 
plaintive; cicada, Verg.; vox, Ov. II, coin- 
plaining, querulous; senex, Hor. 

questus -us, ni. (queror), a complaining,^ 
complaint, lament; a, of human beinss, qui 
questus, qui maeror dignus inveniri in tanta 
cnlamitatc potest, Cic. ; b, of the nightingale's 
song, Verg. 

1. qui, quae, quid. I. Pron. rel., who, 
which, what, thai. A. Agreement ; agrees in 
gender and number with its antecedent, but for 
case depends on its own verb, lima earn lucem, 
quam a sole accipit, mittit in terras, Cic. Pe- 
culiarities : a, qui sometimes has the same noting 
is' the ciitecedent in its own clause, quas res 
violehtissinias natura. gen - :: it, earum iT.;d?r:t- 



ionem uos soli habemus, Cic; b, qui takes 
a subst. ns an attribute, ab Romanis cui 
nni fldcbant auxilio, Liv. ; often used paren- 
thetically witli esse, spero, quae tua prudentia. 
et teniperantia est. te valere, such is your tern, 
pcrance, Cic. ; c, with an adj. as attribute, ad 
suas res revocet, quas aut tulerit acerbas aut 
timeat, Cic. ; d, qui often introduces a new 
sentence, and this; res loquitur ipsa; quae 
semper valet pluriutum, Cic. Irregularities : a, 
qui in a different gender from its antecedent (u) 
with a verb of calling, when it agrees with an 
attrib. subst. in its own clause, agrum, quae 
postea sunt Mucin prata appellata, Liv.;(/J) quod 
with neut., referring to the whole previous 
sentence, Laeedaemonii regeni, quod numquam 
an tea apud eos acciderat, necaverunt, Cic. ; b, 
when qui is in a different number from its 
antecedent, (a) with a collective noun as ante- 
cedent, equitatum praemittit qui videant, Cic; 
($) when the rel. sent, is more general than 
the antecedent clause, si te.mpus est ullum . 
jure hominis necandi, quae inulta sunt, Cic. ; 
C, qui is sometimes attracted into the ease of 
its antecedent, illo augurio quo diximus, Cic. 
B. Mood : 1, foil, by the indie, when a simple 
statement is made, mors quae Datura debita est, 
Cic. ; 2, by the subj, a, to express purpose, 
that; eripiuutaliis quodaliis largiantur, Cic; b, 
to express reason, as; reete Socrates exsecrari 
oum solebat, qui primus utilitatem a natura 
sejunxisset, Cic ; c, with such words as is, 
talis, eiusmodi, tain and with adj., aptus, 
idoneus, dignus, ego is sum qui nihil feeerini, the 
kin.d of man to, etc., Cic. ; and with verbs such 
as habere, reperire, esse, and in the phrase, nemo 
est qui, nullus est qui, quotusquisquc est qui, 
etc., qui est qui dicere audeat, Cic ; also after a 
comparative, Liv. II. Pron. interrog., who? 
whieJi? what' what manner of? what kind of? 
A. In direct speech, a, adj., qui cantus dulcior 
inveniri potest? Cic. ; b, subst., qui primus 
Ameriam nuntiat, Cic B. In indirect speech, 
a, adj., scribis to velle scire; qui sit reipublicae 
status, Cic; b, subst., tu te collige, et qui sis 
considera, Cic. III. Pron. indef., qui, quae and 
qua, quod; a, adj., any, some; nisi qui dens 
subvenerit, Cic; b, subst., any one; si qui 
Itomae esset deinortuus, Cic. (old form, aid. 
qui with cum, quicum = quocum, Cic; plur. 
dat., queis, Verg. ; quis, Sail., Hor.). 

2. qui (old abl. of qui). I. Pel., where- 
with, wherefrom ; in tanta paupertate decessit, 
ut qui etl'erretur, vix reliquerit, Nep. ; habeo 
qui utar, Cic. II. Interrog., A. In direct 
questions, in what manner? how then ? deum nisi 
sempiternura intelligere qui possumus-* Cic. B. 
In indirect questions, Plant. 

quia, conj. (old neut. plur. of qui), because 
(used only of a reason that is certain); often 
with particles, ideo, idciico, propterea, etc., 
quia mutari natura non potest, ideirco vorae 
amicitiae. sempiternae sunt, Cic. ; under the 
phrases, a, quiane, in questions, is it because ? 
quiane juvat ante levatos, Verg. ; b, quianam = 
cur. why, Verg. 

quicumque, quaecumque, quodeumque, 
whoever, whichever, whatever. I. Gen., qui- 
cumque is est, ei, etc., Cic. ; quacumque potui 
ratione, in every possible way, Cic. ; ut quod- 
eumque vellet, liceret facere every thing that he 
chose, Nep. ; neut., quodeumque, however much ; 
hoc quodeumque est or vides, th<s whole, Verg. 
II. = qualiscumque, of whatever kind; quae- 
cumque mens ilia fuit, Gabinii fuit, Cic; separ- 
ated, qua re cumque possemus, Cic 

qiudam, quaedam, quoddam, and subst., 
quiddain, t certain psrson or thi/ng. I. Lit., a, 
quaedam vox, Ci".;*quDdam tempore, at a certain 



qui 



463 



qui 



time; subst, quidam de colleges uostris, Cic. ; 
ueut., quiddam divinum, something divine, Cic.; 
with genit, quiddam mali, Cic. ; b, quidam or 
quasi quidam. tamquam quidam, velut quidam, 
a ki)id of, so to speak ; incredibilis quaedam 
magnitude ingenii, Cic. II. Plur., quidam, quae- 
dam, some; quidam dies, Cic. 

quidem, conj. indeed, even. I. To strength- 
en an assertion, est ilium quidem vel maximum 
amino ipso aninmm videre, Cic. II. Uniting an 
assertion, at least, for certain; uou video causam, 
cur ita sit, hoc quidem tenvpore, Cic. ; ne . . . 
quidem, not even, Caes. III. In explanation, 
indeed, truly ; doleo ac mirifi.ee quidem, Cic. 

quidni ? why not ? Cic. 

quies -etis, f. rest. I. Gen., repose, quiet ; 1, 
lit., mors laborum ac miseriarum quies est, Cic; 
quietem capere, to enjoy, Caes. ; quies ab armis, 
Liv. ; plur., somno et quietibus ceteris, kinds of 
rest, Cic. ; 2, meton., a place of rest, Lucr. II. 
Esp., A. rest at night, sleep ; 1, lit., a, gen., ire 
ad quietem, to go to sleep, Cic; datur hora quieti, 
Verg. ; b, the sleep of death ; dura quies, Verg. ; 
2, meton., a, dream, Tac. ; b, time of sleep, 
night, Verg. B. silence, Tac C. keeping quiet ; 
1, lit., a, peace, Sail. ; b, neutrality, Tac. ; c, 
quiet of the mind, Ov. ; 2, transf., of things, 
calm, Verg. 

quiesco -evi -etum, 3. (quies), to rest, repose. 
I. Gen., to rest from work, etc. ; a, of living 
beings, ipse dux (gruum) revolat, ut ipse quoque 
(juiescat, Cic; b, transf., of things, prato gravia 
anna quiescunt, Verg. II. Esp., A. to rest, to 
tic down, Cic. B. to rest = to sleep; a, of the 
living, ccnatus quiescebat, Cic; b, of the dead, 
to rest in the grave ; placida compostus pace 
quiescit, Verg. C. to keep quiet; 1, lit., a, to be 
silent; quiescebant voces hominum canumque, 
Ov. ; b, to remain quiet, to do nothing ; esp. in 
politics, (a) to be inactive; quiescere vigiutidies, 
Cic. ; (jS) to undertake no war, etc., to be at 
peace; urbs ilia non potest quiescere, Cic; (y) 
not to mi.e in politics, to hold, aloof, to be neutral ; 
quiescere in republica, Cic. ; 2, transf., of 
things ; a, to be still, calm; alta quierunt ae- 
quora, Verg.; b, of the soil, to remain fallow; 
ager qui inultos annos quiescit, Cic. D. to 
remain free from trouble, to be peaceful, un- 
disturbed; numquanine quiescit civitas nostra 
a suppliciis? Liv. E. to rest; a, to cease from 
some action, to leave off doing something, Hor. ; 
b, to cease to be of any weight ; potentia quiescit, 
Cic. F. to be quiet in mind, Tor. (syncop. form, 
quierunt, quierim, quierint, quiessem, quiesse). 

quiete, adv. (quietus), quietly, peaceably; 
vivere, Cic. ; apte et quiete ferre aliquid, Cic. 

quietus -a -urn (quies), quiet, peaceful. I.- 
Lit., resting from activity. A. Gen., aer, Verg. 
B. Esp., 1, resting, sleeping, Tac. ; 2, resting 
from tumult, uproar, combat, etc. ; a, quiet, in- 
active; (a) of persons, quieto sedente rege ad 
Enipeum, Liv. ; (j3) of places, free from tumult, 
quiet, at peace; quieta Gallia, Caes.; with ab 
and the abl., a seditioue et a bello quietis rebus, 
Liv.; neut. plur. subst., quieta movere, Sail.; b, 
neutral, quiet, Liv.; 3, keeping aloof from politics, 
retired, living inpeace ;(a)of persons, major cura 
etriciendi rempublicam gerentibus quam quietis, 
Cic ; (8) of situations, vita privata et quieta, 
Cic II. Transf., of character, 1, quiet, peace- 
ful, mild; homo quietissimus, Cic; animus 
quietus r.t solutus, Cic ; 2, deliberate, slow, in 
a bad sense (opp. acer) ; quietus, imbellis, placido 
animo, Sail. 

quilibet, quaellbet, quodllbet and subst, 
quidlibet, an:/ you will, any one, anything. I. 
Gen., quaelibet minima res, any the least thinr, 
Cic. ; quibuslibet temporibus, at cdl times, Liv.; 



subst., quidlibet, anything and everything, Hor. 
II. Esp., with a contemptuous meaning, the 
first that comes, any; certo genere, uon quolibet, 
Cic. 

quin (for quine, from qui and ne). I. In 
dependent sentence with a preceding negative. 
A. that not, so that not, without ; numquam taiu 
male est Siculis quin aliquid facete et commode 
dicaut, Cic; esp., with phrases nemo est, nihil 
est, quis est, quid est, nemo fuit quin illud 
.viderit, Cic. ; non quin ipse dissentiam, not as if 
I did not disagree, Cic B. a, with verbs of 
hindering, neglecting, etc., to be translated iuto 
English by without and the present participle, 
nullum adhuc iutermisi diem, quiu aliquid ad 
te litterarum darem, Cic. ; nihil abest quin sim 
miserrimus, Cic. ; b, after verbs of doubting, 
ignorauce, etc., that, but that; non dubitari dobet 
quia fueriut ante Homerum poetae, Cic. ; quis 
iguorat, quin tria Graecoruru genera sint? who 
does not know that ? Cic. II. In principal sent- 
ences. A. To express encouragement, exhorta- 
tion, etc., why not? quin conscendimus equos, 
Liv. B. To add emphasis, rather, yea rather ; 
quin contra si, etc., Liv. ; quin etiain, quin 
innno, Cic 

CjUinam, quaenam, quodnam, pron. interrog., 
who, which, what then ? I. Iu direct questions, 
sed quinam est ille epilogus, Cic. II. In in- 
direct questions, quaesivit quasnam formosas 
virgines haberet, Cic. 

Quinctius (Quintius) -a urn, name of a 
Roman gens, ihc most famous members of which 
were : 1, L. Quinctius Cincinuatus, summoned 
from the plough to be dictator; 2, T. Quinctius 
Flamininus, the conqueror of the Macalonian 
king Philip). Adj. = Quinctian; gens, Liv. 
Hence, adj., Quinctianus -a -um, Quinctian. 

quincunx -cuncis (quinquc and uncia), 
jive-twelfths of a whole. I. Lit, five-twelfths of 

an its; as a.coin= five undue, Hor. II. Transf., 

* * 
the form of the five * spots on dice; and 

hence applied to a plantation in which rows of 
trees were so planted; directi in quincuncein 
ordines, Cic 

quindecies, adv. (quinque and decies), 
fifteen times, Cic. 

quindecim, num. (quinque and decern), 
fifteen, Caes. 

quindecimprimi -drum, in. the fifteen chief 
senators of a mv.nici)dum, Caes. 

quindecim vir -i, in. and qulndecirnviri 
-orum and (gen.) -um, a college of fifteen magis- 
trates; esp., quindecim viri sacris faciundis or 
quiudecimviri sacrorum, or simply quindecim- 
viri, one of the three great priestly colleges, having 
the superintendence of the Sibylline books ; separ- 
ated, quindecim Diana preces virorum curet, 
Hor. 

quindecimviralis -e, of or relating to the 
quiudecimviri, Tac. 

quingeni -ae -a, num. distrib. (quingenti), 
five hundred each, Cic. 

quingentesunus -a -ura (quingenti), the five 
hundredth, Cic. 

quingenti -ae -a, num. (quinqueand centum), 
five hundred, Cic. 

quin gentles, adv. (quingenti), five hundred 
times, Cic 

quini -ae -a, num. distrib. (quinque). I. 
fve each, Cic. II. five, Liv. 

quinideni -ae -a, num. distrib. fifteen each, 
Liv. 

qumiviceni -ae -a, num. distrib. twenty- 
five each, Liv. 



qui 



464 



qui 



r 



quinquageni -ae -a, num. distrib. (qnin- 
quagiula),//?!/ each, Cic. 

quinquageslmus -a -urn, num. (quinqua- 
ginta), the fiftieth, Cic. ; subst., quinqua- 
gesima -ac, f. (sc. pars), a fiftieth part, as a 
tax, Cic. 

qulnquagies, adv. fifty times, Pliu. 

qulnquaginta num. (irei>rri<ovTa), fifty, 
Cic. 

quinquatrup Hum, f. ami quinquatria- 
-iuin, 11. a, festival of Minerva; niajores (cele- 
brated from tlie 19th to the 23rd of March); 
minores, minusculae (on the 13th of July), Cic. 

quinquo, num. (nivre), fire, Cic. 

Qulnqu 5gentla.nl -orum, in. a people in 
Cyrenaka (Pentapolitani). 

quinquennalis -o (quinquennis). I. hap- 
pening every five years, quinquennial ; celebritas 
ludoruin, Cic. ii. lasting for Jive years; ceu- 
sura, Liv. 

quinquennis -e (<iuinque and annus). I. 
five years old; vinura, Hor. II. Transf., poet., 
celebrated every five years ; Olympias, the Olympic 
games, Ov. 

quinquennium -ii, n. (quinque and annus), 
nperioil of five years; quinquennii iinpeiiuni, 
Cic. ; Alius quinquennio major, more than five 
years old, Liv. 

quinquepertitus (quinquepartitus) 
-a -uni, divided into five portions, fivefold, Cic. 

quinqueprimi -orum, m. the five chief 
senators in a municipiiun, Cic. 

quinqueremis -e (quinque and renins), 
having five banks of oars ; navis, Liv. ; oftener 
assubst., quinqueremis -is, f. a ship with 
five banks of oars, a quinquercme, Cic. 

quinquevir -i, m., plur. quinqueviri, a coin- 
mission or college office persons, e.g., the agrarian 
commission for distributing the public land, 
Cic; for repairing fortifications, Liv.; for help- 
ing the tresviri in the night-police, Liv. 

quinqueviratus -us, in. the office or dignity 
■ of a quinquevir, Cic. 

quinquies, a.dv. five times, Cic. 

quinquiplico, 1. to make fivefold, Tac. 

quintSdecimani -5ruin, m. the soldiers of 
the fifteenth legion, Tac. 

quintanus -a -urn (quintus), of or relating to 
the fifth. I. Subst., quintana -ae, f. a road 
in a Roman camp which intersected the tents of 
the legionary sol/Hers, dividing the fifth maniple 
and the fifth turma from the sixth, Liv. II. belong- 
ing to the fifth legion ; subst., quintan! -Orum, 
m. soldiers of the fifth legion, Tac. 

Quintilianus -i, m. a Roman name, the 
most celebrated bearer of which was M. Fabius 
Quintilianus, the famous rhetorician, born, at 
Calagurris in Hjiain, head of a school of rhetoric 
at Home, tearher of Pliny the Younger and of 
Juvenal. 

, Quintilis (Quinctilis) -is. m. (with or 
without ni'-nsis), the fifth month (reckoning from 
March as the first), afterwards called Julius, in 
honour of Julius Caesar, Cic. 

Quintilfus Varus, of Cremona, a friend 
of Horace und Vergil. 
■ 1. quintus -a -nirt (quinque), adv. the fifth, 
Cic; quiiitum, quinto, jor the fifth /ime r Liy. 

2 Quintus, fern., Quinta, a common Roma-' 
praenomen, the masc. usually abbreviated Q. 

quintusdeclmus -a -urn, the fifteenth, Liv. 

quippe, conj. (quia-pe, as nempe from nam- 

pe), certainly, indeed, by all means, to be sure. 



I. Gen., a te quidem aple et rotunde (dicta 
sunt), quippe habes enim a rhotoiibns, Cic. ; 
used witli quod, Cic, quum, Cic. ; qui, quae, 
quod (and subj. in Cic); quippe etiam, quippe 
et, Verg. II. Esp., ironically, forsooth ; quippe 
liomini erudito, Cic. 

quippini (quippem), adv. why not ? Plant. 

Quirinus -i, m. (from Sabine curis, a spear, 
the wielder of the spear, the warlike one). I. the 
name of Romulus after his apotheosis; populus 
Quirini, the Romans, Hor. ; ^eniini Qnirini, 
Rn.nulus and Remus, Jnv. II. Janus, Suet. 
III. Augustus, Verg. IV. Antonius, Prop. ; 
licuce, A. Quirinus -a -um, of or relating to 
Romulus: collis, the Quirinal, Ov. B. Quir- 
inalis -e, relating to Quirinus or Romulus; 
trabea, Verg.; collis, the Quirinal HVl (now 
Monte Oavallo), Cic. ; sub., Quirinalia -luin, 
u. a festival in honour of Romulus, celebrated on 
the 1~th of February, Cic. 

1. Quiris, v. Qulritcs. 

2. quiris -is, f. (curis) (a Sabine word), a 
spear, Ov. 

quiritatio -onis, f. (quirito), a shriek, scream, 
cry of distress, Liv. 

Qulritcs -luin and -um, m. (Cures), the in- 
habitants of the Sabine town Oures, Verg. ; after 
the union of the Romans and Sabines the 
name Quirites was used of the citizens of 
Rome considered in their civic character, 
Rornani of them in their political and military 
character : found in the expressions, Populus 
Roman us Quiritium, Populus Romanus Quiri- 
tesque, Quirites Romani, Liv. ; for a general to 
address his soldiers by the term Quirites was 
equivalent to a discharge, Tac. ; jus Quiritium, 
full Roman citizenship; sing., Quiris -itis, m. 
c, Honum citizen, Cic. ; plur:, Quirites, poet., 
transf, of the bees in a hive, Verg. 

quirito, l. and quiritor -Sri, 1. dep. 
(Qairites), oiig., to call the Quirites to help; 
hence, gen., to vtter a cry of distress, to shriek, 
scream, cry out; vox quiritantium, Liv. 

1. quis, quid, pron. interrog. I. In direct 
questions, who? what? quis clarior Themistocle ? 
Cic; quis tu? Cic.; esp., quid, a, subst., 
what? quid turn? uhat follows? Cic; quid igitur 
est? how stands it, then? Cic; with genit. = 
how much? how many? quid pictarum tabular- 
urn, Cic. ; b, adv., (a) to express surprise, 
quid! what I how! quid ! eundem nonne desti- 
tuisti ? Cic ; (£) why ? wherefore ? sed quid 
argumentor? Cic; quid ita? why so? how so? 
Cic; quidni? why not? Cic. II. In indirect 
questions. A. Subst., considera quis quern 
fraudasse dicatur, Cic. B. Adj., rogitat, quis 
vir esset, Liv. 

2. quis, quid, pron. indef., any one, anybody, 
anything; potest quis errare aliqnando, Cic. 

8. quis = quibus, v. qui. 

quisnam, quidnam, pron. iuterreig. who 
then? what then? quisnam igitur tuebitur P. 
Scipionis niemoriaiu mortui? Cic; frequently 
joined with num, nuui quidnam novi (sc. ac- 

cidif)? Cic; s times separated wi'h nam 

placed first or afterwards, quid se nam facturum 
arbitratus est? Cic ; nam quis te nostras jussit. 
adire domos ? Verg. 

quispiam, quaepiam, quod plain and subst., 
quidplam or quippiam. I. any, any one, any- 
thing, someone, something; quaepiam cohors, 
Caes. ; si cuipiam pecuniam adeniit, Cie. II. 
many a one; innocens est quispiam, Cic 

quisquam, quaequain, quidquani (quic- 
qiinm), any person, anybody, any one, anything ; 
used chiefly in negative sentences, or iu quesr 



qui 



465 



quo 



tirms ; esne quisquam qui, etc.? Cic. ; nee quis- 
quam, and no one, Cic. ; with genit., restrain 
quisquam, Liv. 

quisque, quaeque, quidquc and adj., quod- 
quO, each, every, every one, everybody, everything ; 
often used with the plur. of verbs; pro se 
quisque nostrum debenius, Cic; generally used 
with sui, sibi, se, suus ; suo cuique .judicio 
est utendum, every one must use his own 
judgment, Cic. ; suum quisque flagitium aliis 
objectautes, Tac. ; with coinp., quo quisque est 
Kollertior, hoc docet laboriosius, the more . . . 
the more, Cic ; with superl., doctissimus quis- 
que, all the most learned, Cic. ; optimum quid- 
quc rarissimum est, Cic. ; so with numerals, 
quinto quoque anno, every five years, Cic. ; esp., 
primus quisque, (a), the first possible, the very 
first; primo quoque tempore, on the very first 
occasion, Cic. ; (/3) one after the otlier, Cic. 

quisquiliae -arum, f. (perhaps from quis- 
que, any sort of thing), rubbish, sweepings, refuse, 
offscourings ; applied to persons, quisquiliae 
seditionis Clodianae, Cic. 

quisquis, quaequae, qaidquid (quiequid), 
and adj. quodquod. I. whoever, whichever, what- 
ever ; quisquis ille est, whoever he may be, Cic; 
quoquo modo res se habeat, however the affair 
nmy stand, Cic; with genit., (a) masc, deorum 
quisquis amicior Afris, Hor. ; (0) neut., deorum 
quidquid regit terras, all the gods who, etc., Cic; 
ace, quidquid, adv., how much soever ; quidquid 
progredior, Liv. ; abl., quoquo, adv., whitherso- 
ever, Cic. II, any one, anything, any ; quocum- 
que in loco quisquis est, Cic. 

quivls, quaevis, quidvis and adj., quodvis, 
whoever, whatever you will, any one, anything 
whatever ; quivis ut perspicere possit, Cic. ; 
quodvis genus, Cic; quivis unus, any one you 
please, Cic. ; quidvis, anything whatever, every- 
thing; quidvis perpeti, all possible evil, Cic. 

quivlsoumque, quaeviscumquS, quodvis- 
cumqufi, who or whatsoever' you will, Lucr. 

quo, adv. (orig. quoi, dat. and abl. of neut. 
of rel. pron., qui). I. Iudef., A. any whither ; 
si quo erat prodeundum, Cic. B. anyhow, 
Liv. II. Rel., A. 1, lit., whither ; ad partem 
provineiae venturous, quo te velle arbitrager, 
Cic. ; eos quo se contulit (= ad quos), Cic. ; with 
genit., quo ten-arum possent, Liv. ; 2, truusf., 
a, how far, to what extent; scire quo ainentiae 
progressi sitis, Liv.; b, to what end; quo tan- 
tam pecuniain, Cic. B. Causal, 1, because, as 
if; non quo ipse audteris, Cic. ; 2, with corn- 
par., to the end that, that the {more), Cic. ; 3, 
wherefore, on which account ; in causa esse, quo 
serins, etc., Liv. ; quominus, that not, after 
verbs of hindering, such as impedire, deterrere, 
rccusare, Liv.; stent per Treboniuiu quominus, 
etc, it was owing to Trcbonius Had not, Cic. C 
how, Ov. 

quoad, adv. I. Of space, how far, as far 
as; videte nunc quoad fecerit iter, Cic; quoad 
possem, Cic. ; quoad possunt ab homine cog- 
nosci, as far as men can know them, Cic. ; with 
genit. of the object or limit; quoad eius facere 
possum, Cic. II. Of time, a, as long as; quoad 
yotui, Cic ; b, until, up to the time that ; (a) 
with indie, quoad senatus dimissus est, Cic. ; 
(/3) with subj., quoad te videam, Cic. (quoad 
one syllable, in Hor.). 

quocirca, conj. therefore, on that account 
Cic. ; in tmesis, quo, bone, circa, Hor. 

qudcumque, adv. whithersoever, Cic. ; in 
tmesis, nura earn ratbnem, quo ea me cumque 
ducet, sequar ? Cic. 

quod, orig. neut. of rel. pron., qui. I. 
Rel. adv., 1, in which relatioi, wherem; quod 



continens memoria sit, Liv. ; 2, why, on which 
account ; esp., est quod, there is reusonfor, etc. ; 
est magis (piod gratnler, Cic. ; at the beginning 
of a now sentence, therefore, thereby ; quod vobis 
venire in mentem necesse est, Cic. ; with other 
conjunctions, quod si, but if, Cic; quod utinam, 
might it be so, Cic. ; so also, quod ubi, Cic. ; 
quod quuni, Caes. II. Conj., A. 1, because; 
noctc ainbulabat, quod somnium capere non 
posset, Cic. ; 2. after verbs of rejoicing, prais- 
ing, blaming, (hat, because ; tibi again gratias, 
quod me vivere coegisti, Cic. B. 1, bene facis, 
quod me adjuvas, Cic ; 2, as respects that, aa 
to that; quod scribis, Cic. ; 3, although, Ov. 

quodammodd, adv. in a certain way, in a 
certain measure, Cic 

quolib6t, adv (orig. quoilibet, dat. of qui. 
libtt), whithersoever you please, Ov. 

quominus, v. quo. 

quomodo, adv. in what manner, how. I, 
Interrog., a, in questions, quomodo? Cic; b, 
in exclamations, quomodo mortem rilii tnlit ! 
Cic. II. Rel., liaec negotia quomodo se 
habeant ne epistola quidem narrare audeo, 
Cic. ; corresponding with ttic or ita, Cic. 

quomoddcumque, adv. in what way soever, 
howsoever, Cic. 

quomodonam, adv. how then ? Cic. 

quonam, whither then, whith-cr pray, Cic. ; 
quonain liaec omnia nisi ad suam perniciem 
pertinere ? what end tend they to ? Caes. 

quondam, adv. (= quuradam). I. at a 
certain time; a, once, Cic; b, at times, Cic. 
II. Esp., a, 6f past time, once, Cic. ; b, of the 
future, at some future time, sometime, Vetg. 

quomam. conj. (quoin = quum and jam), 
since, seeing that, whereas, because, Cic. 

quoquam, adv. to any place, any whither, 
Lucr. 

1. quoque, adv. (never at the beginning of 
a clause, but placed after the word to which it 
immediately refers), also, Cic. ; ne . . . quoque 
= ne . . . quidem, Liv. 

■2. quoque, a, from quisque (q.v.); b,= et 
quo, Liv. 

quoquo, v. quisquis. 

quoquovarsus (quoqudvorsus) and 
quoquoversum (quoquovorsum), adv. 

in every direction, Cic. 

quorsum (quorstis), adv. (= quo versus), 
whither, to what place f transf., a, quorsum liaec 
pertinent? Cic; b, to what purpose? with what 
view? to what end? quorsum igitur liaec dis- 
puto, Cic. 

quot, adj. plur. indecl. I. how many : a, 
interrog., how many? quot calamitates? Cic; 
b, rel., quot dies eriinus in Tusculano, as long 
as I shall be, etc., Cic. ; in correlation with tot, 
as many, so many; quot homines, tot causae, 
Cic. II. all, every; quot annis, yearly, Cic. 

qu&tannis, v. quot. 

quotcumque, as many as, how many soever 
Cic. 

quoteni -ae -a (quot), how many each, Cic. 

quotidianus (cotidianus, cottidi 
anus) -a -urn (quotidie). I. everyday, daily; 
aspectus, Cic; exercitatio,Caes. ; vita, Cic. ; adv., 
quotidiano, daily, Cic. II. Transf., every-day, 
common, ordinary; verba, Cicj ; vis, Cic. 

qudtidio (cotidle, cottidio), adv. daily, 
every day, Cic. 
quoties (quotlens), adv. (quot). I. Tnter. 



as often 



how often? Cic. II. Rel., in correlation, 



so often ; totiis 



quoties, Cio. ; 



quo 



4GG 



rad 



and with toties omitted, quoties mini potestas 
erit, non praetennittam, Cic. 

quotiescumque, adv. Tiok often soever, Cic. 

quotquot, num. indecL however many, as 
many soever as, Cic. 

quotus -a -urn (quot), what in number? of 
what number? how many? quotus erit iste 
denarius qui non sit ferendus? Cic. ; hora quota 
est? what o'clock is it? Hon; tu, quotus esse 
velis, rescribo, how many quests you would like 
to be invited with you, Hor. ; quotusquisque, 
how many, ironically = how few ; quotus enini 
quisque disertus, Cic. 

quotuscumque -acumquS -umcumqug, 
whatever in number, how great or how small so- 
ever, Tib. 

quotusquisque, v. quotus. 

quousque, adv. until when, how long, how 
far; quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, pat- 
ientia nostra"? Cic. (separated, quo enim usque, 
Cic.) 

quum (cum), cunj. (an old ace. neut. from 
quus = qui). I. Of time, A. Gen., 1, when; 
qui non det'endit injuriam quum potest, injuste 
facit, Cic. ; esp. with tunc, turn, num, jam ; 
quum primuin, as soon as, Cic. ; with historic 
present or aoristperf. orimperf., or with the his- 
toric iutiu., Liv., Cic. ; 2, as often as, whenever; 
quum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, in cubic- 
ulum deferebatur, Cic; 3, since; multi auni 
sunt, quum Fabius in aere ineo est, Cic. B. 1, 
used in a relative sense after a subst., when, 
at which; fuit quoddam tempus, quum homines 
vagabantur, Cic. ; with the subj. , fuit quum arbi- 
Srarer, Cic; 2, used in a causal sense, when; 
praeclare facis quum puerum diligis, Cic; quum 
. . . trim, wlien . . . so also, both > . . and, 
not, only . . . but also; volvendi sunt lihri, 
quum aliorum turn inprimis Catonis, Cic. ; 
quum maxiinc, particularly, above all : nunc 
quum maxime, Cic. II. To express cause with 
subj., A. as; quum vita metus plena sit, Cic 
B. 1, with a mixture of connexion in time and 
in cause, esp. in narrative, with imperf. and 
pluperf., as when; Epaniinondas quum vicisset 
Laeedaemonios, quaesivit, Cic; 2, although; 
quum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset, 
Cic. 



R. 

Kr, the seventeenth letter of the Latin alpha- 
j bet, corresponds with tho Greek rho 
('P, p). On account of the aspirate which 
always accompanies the Greek letter, we find 
it represented by rh in some words derived from 
that language. The letters rand 5 seem to have 
been interchangeable to a great extent, as in 
arbor, arbos ; honor, honos ; quaeso for quaero ; 
hesterous, from heri, etc. ; r is also assimilated 
with I, as in the diminutive libellus from liber, 
in intelligo from inter-lego, etc. For abbrevia- 
tions in which R. is used, see Table of Abbrevia- 
tions. 

rabide, adv. (rabid us), madly, savagely, 
fiercely; omnia appetere, Cic 

rabidus -a -urn (rabies), ragirg, mad. I. In 
a narrow sense, Plin. II. In a wider sense, 
fierce, raving, savage. A. 1, lit., of animals, 
canes, Ov. ; leones, Hor. ; 2, transf., of tilings, 
pcroocal characteristics, "Mild, savage; mores, 
Ov. ; fames, Verg. B. Of inspired madness, 
raging; os, ora. Verg. 



rabies -ei, f. (rabio), madness. I. In a narrow 
sense, as a disease, Ov. ; contacto eo scelere velut 
injects rabie ad anna ituros, Liv. II. In a 
wider sense. A. raging, fierceness, fury, rage ; 

a, of persons, animi aearbitas quaedam et 
rabies, Cic; ira et rabies Latinorum. Liv.; b, 
transf., of things, fury, rage; fatalis temporis, 
Liv. ; caeli marisque, Verg. B. Esp., of the 
inspired madness of the Sibyl, Yerg. 

rabio, 3. to be mad, Varr. 

rabldse, adv.' (rabiosus), madly, furiously, 
Cic. 

rabiosulus -a -um (dim. of rabiosus), some- 
what raging, furious, Cic. 

rabiosus -a -um (rabies), raging, mad. I. 
In a narrow sense, of madness as a disease, 
Plant. II. In a wider sense, furious, savage; 
canis, Hor.; transf., of things, vide ne fortitude 
minime sit rabiosa, Cic. 

Rabirius -a -van, name of a Roman gens, 
the most famous members of which were: 1, C. 
Rabirius Postumus, accused of treason, and de- 
fended by Cicero; 2, Rabirius, a poet, cont">n- 
porary of Vergil. Adj., Rablrianus -a -um, 
relating to Rabirius. 

rabo = arrhabo (q.v.). 

rabula -ae, m. (rabio), a bawling advocate, 
pettifogger, Cic. 

racemifer -fera -fSruin (racemus and fero). 

1, bearing berries; uva, Ov. ; 2, crowned with 
grapes; capilli, Ov. 

racemus -i, m. I. the stalk of a clusto of 
gratpes; uva lentis racemis, Verg. II. Mcton., 

A. a cluster of grapes, Verg. B. the juice of the 
grape, Ov. 

RScillUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous member of which was L. Racilius, 
re tribune of the people in the time of Cicero. 
Racilia -ae, f. wife of the dictator L. Q. Cln- 
cinnatus. 

radiatus (radius), provided with rays, beam- 
ing ; sol, Cic. ; lumina, Ov. 

radlcltus, adv. (radix), with the. root. I. 
Lit., Plin. II. Fig., roots and all, utterly; ex- 
trahere cupiditatem, Cic. 

radlciila -ae, f. (dim. of radix), a little root, 
Cic. 

radio, 1. and radior, l.dep. (radius, beam), 
to gleam, glitter, emit rays or beams, radiate ; 
argenti radiabant lumine valvae, Ov. ; partic, 
radians, gleaming; luna, Verg. 

radius -ii, m. a staff, rod. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
acuta atque alius per alium immissi radii, Liv. 

B. Esp., 1, the sjioke of a wheel, Verg. ; 2, 
mathem. t. t., the staff that mathematicians used 
for drawing figures on the abucus ; 3, t. t. of 
weaving, a shuttle, Verg.; 4, t. t. of zoology, a, 
the sting of the fish pastinaca, Tliu. ; b, radii, 
the spurs of birds, Plin. ; 5, t. t. of botany, a 
kind of long olive, Verg. II. Transf. , 1, mathem. 
t. t., the radius or semi-diameter of a circle, Cic; 

2, a ray, beam of light ; radii solis, Cic. 
radix -icis, f. (perh. connected with pi'£a), 

a root. I, Gen., A. 1, lit., the root of a tree or 
plant; cortices et radices, Cic; arbores ab radic- 
ibus subruere, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, the root or 
lowest part of anything (of tho tongue), Ov. ; of a 
feather, Ov.; b, the foot of a mountain; in radic- 
ibus Caucasi natus, Cic. B. Fig., a, origin, 
source; patientiae, Cic; ex iisdem, quibus no% 
radieibus natum, a native of the same place, Cic. : 

b, firm foundation ; Pompejus, eo robore vir : 
iis radieibus, Cic II. Esp., an edible root; a 
genus radicis quod appellatur chara, Caes. ; b. 
a radish, Hor. 



rad 



467 



rap 



rado, rasi, rasum, 3. to scrape, scratch, shave. 
I. to make smooth by scraping, shaving, etc. ; 
lapides palma, Hor. II. to graze, brush along, 
touch; litora, Verg. ; terras, Hor. III. to 
scratch or scrape away, erase ; a, nomen fastis, 
Tac. ; b, to shave the hair with a razor (tondere, 
to cut it with scissors); caput et supercilia, Cio. ; 
radere caput, as a sign of slavery, Liv., in pur- 
suance of a vow, Juv. 

Raeti (Rhaeti) -crura, m. « people between 
the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, north of the 
I'o. Hence, A. Kaetia -ae, f. liaetia, their 
country, B. Raeticus -a -uiu, Raetian. C. 
RaetUS -a -uni, liaetian. 

raja -ae, f. a fish, the ray, Pliu. 

rallum -i, n. (rado), a scraper for cleaning a 
ploughshcere, Plin. 

rallus -a -urn (rad-lus, from rado), thin, of 
fine texture, Plaut. 

ramale -is, n. (ramus), usually plur., twigs, 
branches, brushwood, Ov. 

ramentum -i, n. (for radmentum, from 
rado, as caementmn from caedo). I. a shaving, 
splinter, chip, Lucr. II. Transf., a bit, morsel; 
aurum cum ramento, every halfpenny, Plaut. 

ranieus -a -um (ramus), of or relating to 
branches; fragmenta, brushwood, Verg. 

ramex -Icis, m. I. a ruptwre, Plin. II. 
raniiccs, the blood-vessels of the lungs, tht lungs, 
Plaut. 

Ramnes -lum, m. (from ROM -us, Romulus), 
and Bamnenses -ium, m. I. one of the 
three tribes into which the early Roman citizens 
were dividedby Romulus according to their nation- 
ality (Ramnes, the Latin stem ; Tatiau, the 
Sabine; Luceres, the Etruscan), and hence the 
name of one of the three centuries of cavalry in- 
stituted by Romulus. II. Poet., transf. = nobles, 
Hor. 

ramosus -a -um (ramus), full of boughs, 
branching, branchy. I. Lit., arbor, Liv. II. 
Poet., transf., hydra ramosa natis e caede colu- 
bris, the hydra, from whose trunk, as from a tree, 
grew young serpents, Ov. 

ramulus -i, in. (dim. of ramus), a little 
branch, twig, Cic. 

ramus -i, m. I. abough, branch, twig. A. 
Lit., in quibus non truueus, non rami, noil folia, 
Cic. B. Meton., a, the fruit growing on a 
bough ; rami atque venatus alebat, Verg. ; b, 
aoranch of a slag's antlers, Oaes. II. Transf., 1, 
branch of a mountain range, Plin. ; 2, rami, the 
arms of the Greek letter Y, regarded by the Pytha- 
goreans as symbolical of the two paths of life; 
Samii rami, Pers. 

rana -ae, f. a frog. I. Lit., Verg. ; rana 
turpis, a, toad, Hor. II. Transf., rana marina, 
a sea-fish (Luphius piscatorius, Linn.), Cic. 

ranceo, to stink, only in partic, rancens 
-entis, stinking, putrid, Lucr. 

ranciduius -a -um (dim., of rancidus). L 
somewhat stinking, putrid, Juv. II. Transf., 
loathsome, Pers. 

rancidus -a -um (ranceo), stinking, rank. I, 
Lit., aper, Hor. II. Transf., disgusting, offensive, 
Juv. 

ranunculus -i, m. (dim. of rana). I. a little 
frog, atadpole, Cic. ; in jest, used of the inhabit- 
ants of Ulubrae, which was near the Pomptine 
Marshes, Cic. II. a plant, perhaps crowfoot, Plin. 

rapa -ae, f. = rapum (q.v.). 

rapacida -ae, m. (rapax), a robber, Plaut. 

rapacitas -atis, f. (rapax), grac&imcs, ra- 
pucicy ; quis in rapacitate avarior? Cic. 



rapax -aeis (rapio). I. seizing to oneself, 
bearing or snatching away, furious, violent. A. 
Lit., ventus, Ov. ; fluvius, Lucr. B. Tuansf., 
grasping, prone to grasp ; nihil est appetentius, 
similiussui, nee rapacius quam natura, Cic. II, 
plundering, greedy of plunder. Subst., a robber ; 
a, of persons, Cic. ; b, of animals, lupus, Hor. ; 
C, ofabstr. personif., mors, Tib. ; Orcus, Hor. 

raphaninus -a -um (pa^avivos), of radishes, 
made from radishes, Plin. 

raphanitis -idis, f. (pa<j>aviTt.<;), a sword-lily, 
Plaut. 

raphanus -i, m. and f. (pa^a^os), a radish, 
Cat. 

rapide, adv. (rapidus), hurriedly, quickly, 
rapidly. I. Lit., rapide dilapsus fluvius, Cic. 
II. Transf., quod quum rapide fertur, Cic. 

rapiditas -atis, f. (rapidus), rapid flow, 
rapidity; fluminis, Caes. 

rapidus -a -um (rapio), tearing, seizing. I. 

a, of living beings, violent, savage; ferae, Ov. ; 

b, of things, co)isuming, devouring ; sol, Verg. 
II. Of motion, hurried, hasty, quick, lapid; 1, 

a, of living beings, Achates, Verg. ; equus, Ov. ; 

b, of things, aiunis, Hor. ; torrens, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., oratio, Cic. 

rapina -ae, f. (rapio). I. Lit,, robbery, plun- 
dering, pillage; gen. in plur., Cic. II. Meton., 
booty, plunder, Verg. 

rapio -rapui -raptum, 3. (stem RAP, Gk. 
APII in apTTa^to), to snatch. I. Gen., A. Lit., a, 
to snxdeh to oneself, seize hastily; bipeunem 
dextra, Verg. ; b, to drag away liastily ; corpus 
consulis, Liv. ; c, to hurry away, lead away with 
haste, hurry off ; aliquem hinc, Liv. ; manipulos 
aliquot in primam aciem secum rapit, Verg. ; 
reflex., seraperehiucocius, to hasten away, Hor. ;• 
inde se ad urbeni, id est ad caedem optimi cu- 
iusque, Cic. ; d, (a) toconquer hastily, overpower; 
castra urbesque primu impetu, Liv. ; (0) to 
hasten through; densa ferarum tecta, Verg. B. 
Transf., a, to 'snatch, to enjoy or use in haste ; 
oc.casionein de die, Hor. ; b, to accomplish in 
haste, to hasten; viam, Ov. ; nuptias, Liv. II. 
to take or Siudch away by force. A. Lit., a. to 
snatch away, carry off ; pilam, Cic. ; b, to drag 
away by force, lead away ; in jus ad regem, Liv. ; 
e carcere ad palum et ad necem, Cic. ; c, to 
carry off as plunder, to seize, rob ; quantum rapere 
potuisset, Cic. ; virgincs, Cic. Subst.. (a) rapta 
-ae, f. she that is carried off, Ov. ; (j3) raptum 
-i, n. that which is carried off, plunder, booty; 
rapto gaudere, Liv. ; d, = diripere, to plunder ; 
Arnieniam, Tac. ; e, to carry off prematurely, of 
death or disease, improvisa leti vis rapuit gentes, 
Hor. B. Transf., a, to seize for oneself ; commoda 
ad se, Cic. ; b, to carry off, take away; almuni quae 
rapit hora diein, Hor. ; c, to carry away, lead 
astray ; ipsae res verba rapiunt, Cic. ; rapi in 
invidiam, Cic; d, to transport, carry away; 
in a bad sense, animus cupidine caecus ad in. 
ceptuin scelus rapiebat, Sail.; in a good sense, 
ad divinarum rerum cognitionem cura omni 
studioque rapi, Cic. (archaic fut. perf., rapsit, 
ap. Cic). 

raptim, adv. (raptus, from rapio), violently, 
hastily, quickly, hurriedly; haec scripsi raptim, 
Cic. 

raptio -5n:s f. (rapio), a carrying off, ab- 
duction, Ter. 

rapto, 1. (intens. of rapio). I. to carry away 
in haste, hurry away ; hue illuc vexilla, Tac. ; 
transf., of things, me Parnasi deserta per ardua 
raptat amor, Verg. II. to carry off from, drag 
away violently. A. Lit., a, conjugem, Cic. ; 
Hec'tora circa muros, Verg. ; nubila caeli, Lucr. J 
bj (o ro'o, plunder, Tac B. Fig., a, to drag along ,* 



rap 



468 



rau 



quid raptem in crimina divos, accuse, Prop. ; b, 
to hurry along with passion, Plaut. 

raptor -oris, m. (rapio). A. Lit., a, a robber, 
plunderer, Tac. ; attrib., lupi raptores, ravenous, 
Verg.; b, an abductor, ravisker, Ov. B. Transf., 
raptures alieni honoris, Ov. 

raptus -its, m. (rapio). I. a tearing off, 
rending away, Ov. II. 1, a carrying off, ab- 
duction, rape, Cic. ; 2, plundering, Tac. 

rapulum -i, a. (dim. of rapum), a little 
turnip, Hor. 
rapum -i, n. (pairw;), a turnip, Liv. 
rare, adv. (rarus), rarely, seldom, Plant. 

rarefacio -feci -factum ;i. (rarus and facio), 
to make thin, rarefy, Lucr. 

raresoo, 3. (rains). I. to become thin, to 
lose density; humor aquai ab aestu, Lucr.; 
ubi angasti rarescunt claustra Pelori, open them- 
selves, expand, Verg. II. Transf., to become rarer, 
to diminish, to lessee ; paulatim rarescunt mow tea, 
'lac. 

rarltas -iitis, f. (rarus). I. mint of density, 
thinness, looseness of texture, distance, apart, Cic. 
II. Transf., fewness, rarity; dictorum, Cic. 

raro, adv. (rarus), seldom, rarely; ita raro, 
Cic. ; quod si rarius flet, Cic. 

rarus -a -urn, loose in texture, loose, vide 
apart, thin (opp. tlensus). I. Lit., retia, Verg. ; 
cribrum, Ov. II. Transf., A. a, scattered, 
scanty, far apart; vides habitari in terra raris 
ct angHstisin locis, Cic. ; b, niilit. t. 1. , scattered, 
vide ajyirt, dispersed (opp. confertus); ipsi ex 
silvis rari propugnabant, Cats. B. 1, gen., a, 
feu: in number, rare; raris ac prope nullis port- 
ibus, Caes. ; in onini arte optimum qnidquc 
rarissimuin, Cic. ; Oceanus raris navibus arlitur, 
Tac. ; neut. plur. subst., rara (anteponantuv) 
VulgaribUB, Cic. ; b, of a man that does something 
rarely, nee Iltacos coetus nisi rarus adibat, 
seldom, Ov. ; 2, csp., rate, extraordinary, dis- 
tinguished in its kind; rara qtfidem facie sed 
rarior arte eanendi, Ov. 

rasllis -e (rado), scraped, having a smooth 
surface, polished; torno rasile buxum, Verg. 

raster -tri, m. and rastrum -i. n. (rado), 
plur., gen. rastri -oruni, 111. an instrument for 
scraping, a toothed hoe, a rake, a mattock, Verg. 

ratio -finis, f. (reor), a. recl:oni)ig, account, 
computation, calculation. I. A Lit., (a) sing., 
eius pecuniae, cuius ratio in aede Opis coufecta 
est, Cic. ; auri ratio constat, comes right, is cor- 
rect, Cic. ; rationem ducere, to compute, calcu- 
late, Cic. ; rationem referre, give in an account, 
Cic. ; (fi) plur., rationea cum aliquo putare, Cic; 
rationes subducere, to chsr, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
a roll, register, a list, catalogue, account; rati- 
onem careens, quae diligent issime conflcitnr, 
Cic; 2, a sum, number, Plant.; 3, a business 
transaction, matter, affair; de tota ilia ratione 
atque re Qallicana, Cic. ; haec res non solum ex 
doinestica est ratione, attingit etiain bellicam, 
Cic. ; fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit, 
public and legal business, Cic. ; meae (tuae, etc.) 
rationes, my (thy, etc.) interest, advantage ; 
rationes ineas vestrae saluti anteposuissem, 
Cic. II. Fig., A. an account, reckoning, calcu- 
lation; rationem habere, to make a calculation, 
Cic. ; semper ita vivamus ut rationem red- 
dendam nobis arbitremur, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
a,, a relation vnth, reference to; rationem habere, 
aliquid rationis nabere cum aliquo, to nave rela- 
tions with, Cic ; quae ratio tibl cum eo inter- 
cesserat? Cic. ; b, respect, consideration, regard 
for anything; vol dignitatis vel comniodi ra- 
tionem habere, Cic. ; suam rationem ducere, to 
consider his own advantage, Cic ; c, plan, mode 



of procedure, method, manner, fashion, nature, 
kind, way; ita net ut tua ista ratio existimetur 
astuta, Cic ; seribendi consilium ratioque, 
Cic. ; ineae vitae rationes ab iueunte aetate sus- 
ceptae, Cic; rationes belli gerendi, principles, 
Caes. ; 2, es])., the faculty of mind which calcu- 
lates and plans, the reason ; homo rationis 
particeps, Cic ; mens et ratio et consilium. 
Cic ; consilio et ratione, Cic : ratio est, it 
seems reasonable, with intin., Cic ; hence, a, 
reason, motive, ground; (a) nostra confinnare 
argumentis ac rationibus, Cic; eonsilii causa 
ratioque, Cic; (£) rhet. t. t., ground or reason 
brought forward to support a proposition, Cic ; 
b, me ton., reasonableness, propriety, method, 
order, rule; modo ct ratione omnia facerc, 
moderately and reasonably, Cic ; e, principle, 
view, tendency ; florens homo in populari ratione, 
the most distinguished representative of the demo- 
cratic view, Cic. ; d, theory, doctrine, system, 
knowledge; Epicuri ratio, philosophical system, 
Cic; de ratione vivendi, the art oj tiring, Cic; 
e, lnetoi)., a view, opinion; quuin in earn 
rationem quisque loqueretur, Cic. ; f, an adduc- 
ing of proof, reasoning; concludatur igitur 
ratio, Cic. 

ratiocinatio -finis, f. (ratioeinor). I. a 
careful and deliberate consideration and conclu- 
sion, Cic. II. a reasoning, ratiocination, argu- 
ment, syllogism, Cic. 

ratiocmativus -a -urn (ratioeinor), argu- 
mentative, syllogistic, Cic. 

ratiochiator -oris, m. (ratioeinor), a calcu- 
lator, accountant, Cic. 

ratioeinor, 1. dep. (ratio), 1, to compute, 
calculate, Cic; 2, to argue, injer, conclude; inter 
se, with ace and inlin., Cic 

rationales -e (ratio), reasonable, rational, 
Quint. 

rationarium -ii, n. (ratio), a statistical 
account; imperii, Suet. 

ratis -is, f. I. a raft, Cic, Caes. ; ratibus, 
quibus junxerat flumen, resolutis, Liv. ; sing., 
collect. = a bridge of boats, Liv. II. Poet., 
transf., a ship, boat, vessel, Verg. 

ratiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of ratio). I. a 
little reckoning, account, Plaut. II. Transf., 
A. a poor, insufficient reason ; huic incrediblli 
sententiae ratiuuculas suggerit, Cic B. a petty 
syllogism ; concludunt ratiuuculas Stoici, Cic. 

ratus -a -um, p. adj. (from reor). I. reckoned, 
calculated ; pro rata parte, or simply pro rata, 
according to a fixed proportion, in proportion, 
proportionally, Cic. II. Transf., determined, 
fixed, settled; a, rati astrorum ordines, Cic- ; b, 
valid, fixed, legal; id jussum ratum ac lirmum 
futurum, Cic; ratum facere, to ratify, confirm, 
male valid, Cic ; ratum habere, ducere, to con- 
siih r niiid, Cic ; aliquid lllilli ratum est, / 
apjirove, Cic. 

raucisonus -a -um (raucus and sonus), 
hoarse, hoarstly sounding, Lucr. 

raucitas -atis, f. (raucus), hoarseness, Plin. 

raucus -a -um (for ravicus, connected with 
ravis), hoarse. I. Lit., A. hoarse through ill- 
ness; fauces, Lucr. B. a, hoarse through 
shouting; nos raucos saepe attentissime audiri 
video, Cic. ; of birds, screaming ; cornix, Lucr. ; 
palumbes, cooing, Verg.; b, of sound, vox ran- 
at um, Ov. H, Poet., transf., hoarse, hollow 
sounding, deep or dull-sounding ; cornu, Plaut.; 
murmur undae, Verg. 

ItaudlUS -a -um, Raudian ; Raudius Campus, 
and Raudii Campi, a plain in Upper Italy, where 
Marius defeated the Cimbri. 

raudus (rodns, ru.dus) -fens, n, a rough 



rau 



469 



rec 



mass or lump; esp., re piece of brass use J as a 
eo-n, Liv. 

raudusculum -i, u. (dim. of raudus), a 
small sum of money; transf., de rauduaeulo 
Numeriano, the little debt of Numerius, Cic. 

Raurici -dram, in. re Celtic people in Gaul, 
near modem llasle. 

Ravenna -ae, f. re town in Gallia Dispadana, 
near the Adriatic, made a naval station by 
Augustus, now Ravenna. Hence, Ravennas 
-atis, m. belonging to Ravenna. 

ravlo, 4. (ravis), to talk oneself hoarse, Plaut. 

ravis -is, f. (connected with raucus), hoarse- 
ness, Plant. 

ravus -a -urn, grey, greyish, Hor. 

re- prep, insepar., meaning sometimes back, 
as in reenrro; sometimes against, as in reluctor; 
sometimes again, as restituo (orig. form red, 
which appears before vowels, e.g., redeo, some- 
times lengthened, as redi-vivus). 

1. rea, v. reus. 

2. Rea = Rhea (q.v.). 

reapse, adv. (re and eapse, i.e., ea and suff. 
-pse), indeed, in truth, really, Cic. 

Reate, n. (defect., with same form for 
nom., ace, and abl.), an old town in the Sabine 
country, now Rieti. ^_Adj., Reatlnus -a -inn, 
lieatine ; snbst., Reatmi -orum, in. the people 
of Reate. 

reatUS -us, m. (reus), the slate or condition 
of an accused person, Mart. 

rebellatlo, = rebellio (q.v.). 

rebellatrix -icis, f. (rebello), renewing war, 
rising again ; Germaniu, Ov. 

rebellio -onis, f. (rebellis), re renewal of war 
by a conquered people ; rebellionem facere, Caes. 
Plur., Gartliaginiensium rebelliones, Cic 

rebellis -e (re and bellum), renewing a war, 
■insurgent; 1, lit,, colonia, Tiic. ; 2, ttg., amor, 
Ov. 

rebellium = rebellio (q.v.). 

rebello, 1. to renew a war ; a, lit., septies 
rebellare, Liv. ; b, poet., transf., to renew the 
fight, 0_v. 

rebito, 3. to go back, return, Plaut. 
rfibdo.J. to echo, resound, Verg. 
recalcitro, 1. of a horse, to kick backwards ; 
fig., to deny access, Hor. 

recalcfacio = recalfaeio (q.v.). 

recaleo, 2. to be warm again ; recalent 
nostro Tiberina fluenta sanguine, Verg. 

recalesco -c41ui, 3. (recaleo), to become warm 
again; quum motu atque exercitatioue recal- 
escunt corpora, Cic. ; fig., mens recalescit, Ov. 

recalfaeio (recalcfacio) -feci -factum, 3. 
to make v:arm again, Ov. 

recandesco -candni, 3. I. to grow white; 

recanduit nnda, Ov. II. Transf., to become hot, 
to begin to glow. A. Lit., (tellus) recanduit 
aestu, Ov. B. Fig., recanduit ira, Ov. 

recanto, 1. I. Intromit, to resound, echo, 
Mart. II. Transit., A. to recall, recant; re- 
cantata opprobria, Hor. B. to charm away; 
curas, Ov. 

recedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. to go back, 
draw back, recede, retreat, retire. A. 1, lit., of 
persons, ex eo loco, Caes. ; non modo e Gallia 
lion discessisse, sud ne a Mutina quidem rc- 
cessisse, Cic. ; 2, transf., of things, a, ut illae 
undae ad alios accedant, ab aliis autem re- 
cedant, Cic. ; b, of places, to retire, stand back ; 
Anchisae domus recessit, Verg. ; c, to recede 
in the distance, d isappear from the view ; proveh- 



iniur port u, terraequc urbesque rccedunt, Verg. 
B. Fig., 1, of persons, in otia tuta, Hor. ; 2, u' 
things, anni recedentes, Hor. II. to go away, 
depart, go to a distance. A. 1, lit., of living 
beings, nee vero a stabulis recedunt longius 
(apes), Verg.; 2, transf., of inanimate things, 

a, to separate from ; reccdit caput e cervice.Ov.; 

b, fo vanish, disappear; in vciitos vita or auiina 
exhalata recessit, Verg., Ov. B. Fig., 1. of 
persons, a, to depart from, abandon; ub officio, 
Cic; b, to depart from, give up, renounce; ab 
arinis, to lay down arms, Cic. ; a vita, Cic. ; 2, 
transf., of things, a, to depart from, lose; res ab 
usitata consuetudine recessit, Cic; b, to vanish, 
disappear, cease; et pariter Fhoebes pariter 
maris ira recessit, Ov. ; c, recedere ab aliquo, 
to pass away from, be lost; quum res (jrroperty) 
ab eo quicum contraxisset, recessisset et ad 
heredem pervenisset, Cic. 

recello, 3. to spring back, fly back, bend back ; 
quum (ferrea) maims gravi libramento reeelleret 
ad solum, Liv. 

recens -entis, new, fresh, young, recent. I. 
Adj., A. Lit., (a) absol., caespes, Caes.; his 
recentilms viris, men of modern time?, Cic. 
Subst., recentiores, later authors, Cic. ; recenti 
re, recenti negotio, while the business is still 
fresh, Cic. ; injuriarum memoria, Caes. ; (/3) with 
ab and the abl., fresh from, soon after, a little 
subsequent to ; Homerus, qui recens ab illomin 
aetate fuit, Cic; (y) with ex and the abl., quum 
e provincia recens esset, Cic. ; (o) with abl. 
alone, praeturii, Tac. ; with abl. of name of 
town, Regini qnidain eo venerunt, Roma sane 
recentes, direct from Rome, Cic. B. Transf., ol 
strength, fresh, rigorous; of soldiers, illtegri et 
recentes, Caes.; of horses, Liv.; of things, 
animus (consulis), Liv. (abl. sing., gen. recenti, 
in poets sometimes recente ; genit. plur., gen. 
recentium, in poets sometimes reeentorm). II. 
Adv., lately, recently; sole recens Orto. Veiv. ; 
recens ad Regillum lacum acccpta clades, Liv. 

recensco -censiii -censitum and -censuin, 2. 
to review, muster, examine. I, Lit., milit. t. t., 
exercitum, legiones, Liv. ; polit. t. t., of the 
censor, equites, Liv. II. Transf., A. to go 
through, pass through; signa (of the sun), Ov. 
B. Esp.,1, to go over in thouglit, review; fataque 
fortunasque vinim, Ov. ; 2, to go over in words, 
recount; fortia facta, Ov. 

rocensio -finis, f. (recenseo), a reviewing, 
mustering, enumeration by the censor, Cic. 

recensus -us, m. (recenseo) = recensio, re 
reviewing, mustering ; equitum recensum habere, 
of the censor, Liv. 

receptaculum -i, n. (recepto). I. a ma- 
gazine, reservoir, receptacle; cibi et potionis (of 
the stomach), Cic; cloaca maxima receptaculum 
omnium purgamentorum urbis, Liv. IL Esp., 
a place of refuge, shelter, retreat ; militum Catil- 
inae, Cic. ; receptaculum esse classibus nostris, 
Cic. ; fugientibus, Liv. 

receptio -onis, f. (recipio), a receiving, re- 
ception, Plant. 

recepto, 1. (intens. of recinio). L A. to 
draw back; 1, transit., hastam, \erg.; 2, reflex., 
se receptare, to retire ; Saturni sese quo stella 
receptet, Verg. B. to receive back, Lucr. II, 
to receive frequently ; mercatores, Liv. 

receptor -oris, m. (recipio), one who receives 
or harbours, a luirbourer ; praedaruui, Tac; 
transf., inse ille latronum occultator et receptor 
locus, Cic. 

receptrix -tricis, f. (receptor), a receiver 
(of stolen goods) ; furtorum, Cic. 

receptus -us, m. (recipio). I. a drawing 
back. A. Lit., spiritus, Quint. B. Fig., re- 



rec 



470 



rec 



tractaticn, recantation; minis pertinacis senten- 
tiae, Liv. II. A. a, a retreat ; non tutissinms 
a malis consiliis receptus, Liv. ; b, esp., re- 
course to; receptus ail Caesaris gratiam atqne 
amicitiam, Caes. B. Jlilit. t. t., a retreat, 
falling back; ut expeditum ad sues receptuin 
liabeant, Caes. ; Caesar receptui cani jussit, 
ordered the signal of retreat, Cues. ; fig., cancro 
receptui a miseriis, Cic. 
recessim, adv. (recedo), backwards, Plaut. 

recessus -us, m. (recedo). I. a going back, 
receding, retreating; 1, lit., lunae ac'cessus et 
recessus, Cic. ; (aestumn maritiinonim) aecessus 
et' recessus, ebb and flow, Cic; recessum piimis 
ultimi non dabaut, chance of retreating, Caes.; 
2, fig., accessmn ad res salutares, a pestifens 
recessum, disinclination for, Cic; ut metus re- 
cessum quendain aniini et fugam efflciat, Cic. 
II. Meton., 1, lit., a, a hollow, recess, Verg.; 
b, a place of retreat, quiet, retired place; mihi 
solitiulo et recessus provinciae est, Cic. ; 2, 
fig., in animis hominum tanti sunt recessus, 
corners, intricacies, Cic 

recidivus -a -um (recido), returning, re- 
peated; poet., Pergama, rebuilt, Verg. 

1. recido -cldi -casfirus, 3. (re and cado). I. 
to fall back. A. Lit., recidunt omr.ia in terras, 
Cic. B. Trans*'., 1, a, to relapse, sink; ingravi- 
orem morbum, to relapse, Liv. ; in eandem for- 
tunain, Cic. ; b, to fall to; cum ad eum potent- 
atus omnis recidisset, Cic. ; c, to fall upon, 
reach; hunc casum ad ipsos recidere posse, Cic; 
esp., to fall on tlie head of; ut amentiae poena in 
ipsum eiusquc familtam recidat, Cic ; 2, to 
come to, fall to, sink to, Cic ; 3, to full, happen, 
ex'cur, light kjwu ; ilia omnia ex laetitia ad Ute- 
rinum reciderunt, Cic ; ad nihilum, to come to 
naught, Cic II. 1, to fall into, to become; quor- 
sum recidat r.sponsum tuum non magno opere 
laboro, Cic. ; 2, to fall within a certain time; in 
nostrum annum, Cic 

2. recido -cldi -claum, 3. (re and caedo). I. 
to cut off, cut away; 1, caput, Ov.; ceras inanes, 
Verg.; 2, transf., to extirpate; naiiones, Cic. 
II. to cut away; 1, lit., barbam falce, Ov. ; 
2, transf., to cad away, lop off, abbreviate, re- 
trench; ambitiosa ornamenta, Hor. 

reoingo -cinxi -cinctuin, 3. to ungird; 
tunicas, Ov. ; pass, as middle, recingor, / un- 
gird myself, Ov. 

recino, 3. (re and cano), to resound, echo. I. 
Intransit, in vocibus nostiorum oratorum recinit 
quiddametrcsonaturbanius,Cic.;parrarcciiieiis, 
shrieking, Hnr. II. Transit., to cause to resound; 
a, of echo, cuius recinet jocosa nomen imago, 
reecho, Hor.; b, of? poet, to praise loudly on the 
lyre ; curva lyra Latonani, Hoi-. 

recipio -eepi -ceptum, 3. (re and capio). I. 
to take back. A. to draw l>ack, fetch back; 1, 
lit., a, of tilings, ensein, to drawback, draw out, 
Verg.; b, of pers., aliquem medio exhoste, Verg.; 
esp. as milit. t. t., to draw back, cause to retreat ; 
milites defessos, Caes. ; reflex., se recipere, to 
withdraw, retire, retreat, betake oneself to any 
place; ee ex hisce locis, Cic; se ad nos, Cic; 
esp. as milit. t. t., se Line, se hide, se ex aliquo 
loco, se ad or in aliquem locum, se aliquo ad 
aliquem, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, vocem ab acutis- 
simo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum, Cic. ; 
reflex., se recipere, to turn to, to have recourse to ; 
se ad bonam fmgem, Cic. ; se ad reliquam cogi- 
tationem belli, Caes. ; b, business t. t., to keep 
back, retain, rcsci-ve a portion ; rata caesa, Cic ; 
sibi aliquid, Cic ; c, to sei:e out of the hands of 
the enemy; aliquem ex hostibus, Liv. B. to 
take back, receive again, receive ; 1, lit., merita, 
Cic; arnia, Liv. ; obsides, Caes. ; so to reduce 
again by conquest, to recover; Tarontuni, Cic, • 



suas res amissas, Liv.; 2, transf., to recover ; an- 
tiquani frequentiam, Liv.; vitam berbis fortibus, 

Ov. ; onimos ex pavore, to regain courage, Liv. 
II. to receive, accept, take to oneself; 1, lit., a, 
to take in to oneself; ferrum, gladium, to receive 
the death-wound, Cic. ; necesse erat ab latere 
aperto tela recipi, Caes. ; of animals, frenum, 
Hor. ; of rivers, Mosa, parte quadam ex Rheno 
accepta quae, etc, Caes.; b, to receive into a 
place; (a) with ace. alor.e, of persons, Xerxen, 
Cic; aliquem libentissimo auimo, Caes.; of 
places, hos tutissimus portus recipiebar, Caes. ; 
(/3) with ad 'and the ace, aliquem ad epulas, 
Cic ; (y) with in and the ace, Tarquinium in 
civitatem, Cic. ; (6) with abl. alone, exercitum 
tectis ac sedibus suis, Cic. ; (c) with ace. of 
place, aliquem (Ionium suam, Cic ; (£) with 
supine, senem sessum, Cic; (tj) absol., qui re- 
ceperant, Caes. ; c, to take possession, of, conquer; 
oppiduin, civitatem, Caes.; d, to receive money ; 
pecuniam exnovis veetigalibus, Cic; 2, transf., 
a, to receive into a certain rank or position; 
aliquem in ordinem senatorium, Cic. ; aliquem 
in fidem, Cic.;b, to receive, accept, admit, allow; 
fabulas, to believe, Cic. ; nee inconstantiam vir- 
tus recipit, admits, allows of, Cic. ; c, to accept a 
task, undertake, take upon oneself; causam Sicu- 
lorum, Cic. ; officium, Cic. ; d, hence, to accept 
an obligation, guarantee, promise, be responsible 
for; pro Cassio et te, si quid me velitis recipere, 
rocipiam, Cic. ; ea quae tibi proniitto ac rccipio, 
Cic. ; panic, subst., receptum -i, n. an 
engagement, guarantee; e, legal t. t., of the 
praetor, recipere nomen, to entertain, receive an 
accusation against any one, Cic. 

reciprocatlo -onis, f. (reciproco), a return- 
ing by the same path, Plin. 

reciproco, 1. (rcciprocus). I. Transit., to 
more backivards, to move backwards and forwards; 
aniniam, to draw in and breathe out the air, ,'-> 
breathe, Liv.; quinqueremem in adversum aestuni 
reciprocari non posse, turned round ami moved 
back, Liv.; esp. of the ebbtide, in motu reciproe- 
ando, on the ebb, Cic. ; fig., si quideni ista 
reciprocantur, if the proposition is converted or 
reversed, Cic II. In transit., to move backwards 
and forwards; fretum Euripi non septies die 
temporibus statis reciprocal, ebbs and flow.--, Liv. 

rcciprocus -a -um, returning, going back in 
the same path. I. Lit., mare, ebbing, Tac. ; vox, 
echoing, Plin. II. Fig., ars, alternating, Plin. 

rccisamentum -i, n. (recido), a chip, 
sharing, Plin. 

recisio -onis, f. (recido), « cutting off, Plin. 

re'eisus -a -um, partic. of recido. 

recltatio -onis, f. (recito), a reading aloud ; 

a, of documents in legal proceedings, Cic. ; b, 
of literary works, Plin. 

recltator -oris, m. (recito), a reader aloud ; 
a, of documents in legal proceedings Cic. ; b, 
of literary works, a reciter, Hor. 

recito, 1. to rend, read aloud, read puWicly ; 
a, legal 1. 1., (a) to read a document; litteras in 
senatu, in continue, Cic. ; aliquid ex codiee, 
Cic. ; (J3) to read out the name of a person ; testa> 
mento heredem aliquem, Cic; aliquem praeterire 
in recitando senatu, in reading the list of senators, 
Cic. ; (y) to read the words of an oath, to dictate, 
Tac ; b, to read or recite one's literary works be- 
fore friends, Hor. 

reclamatio -onis, f. (reclamo), a crying out 
against, loud disapprobation, Cic. 

rcclamito, 1. (intens. of reclamo), to cry 
out against loudly, violently contradict, Cic 

reclamo, 1. to cry out against, sImI in dis- 
approbation, contradict hvdly. I. A. Lit., (a) 



ree 



471 



ree 



absol., Cic. ; (/3) with dut. of pers., alicui, Cic. ; 
of things, orationi, Cic. ; alicuius promissis, 
Cic. ; (y) with ne and the subj., una voce omnes 
judices, ne is juraret, reclamasse, Cic. B. Fig., 
quoniam ratio reclamat vera, Lucr. II. Poet., 
transf., to reverberate, re-echo, resound; with dat., 
scopulis reclamant aequora, Yerg. 

reclinis -e (reclino), leaning backwards, 
bent backwards, reclining, Ov. 

reclino, 1. (re and * clino), to bend back, 
cause to lean back. I. Lit., se, Caes. ; scuta, 

Yerg. ; reclinatus -a -uui, bent back, reclined, 
Caes. II. Transf., nullum ab labore me reclinat 
otium, releases me from labour, Hor. 

rccludo -clusi -clusuni, 3. (re and claudo), 
to unclose, to open. I. A. Lit., portas liosti, 
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to bring to light, to disclose, 
reveal; viam, Ov. ; tellurem unco dente, to 
turn over, cultivate, Yerg. ; ensem, to draw from 
the scabbard, Yerg. ; 2, to open with a weapon 
= to pierce; pectus mucrone, Yerg. II. Fig., 
ebrietas operta recludit, reveals, Hor. ; fata, to 
relax, Hor. 

recogito, 1. to think over again, consider, 
deliberate upon; de re, Cic. 

recognitio -onis, f. (recognosco). I. re- 
collection; scelerum suorum, Cic. II. investi- 
gation, inspection, examining ; agri Cainpani, Liv. 

recognosco -novi -nitum, 3. I. A. to re- 
cognise, to know again; res, as one's property, 
Liv.; ilia reminiscendo, Cic. B. to recall, to go 
over again; recognosce niecum nocteiu illam, 
Cic. II. a, to inspect, examine, investigate; 
agros, Liv.; b, to examine critically, to revise, 
authenticate, certify; decretum populi, Cic; 
codieem, Cic. 

reooliigo -legi -lectam, 3. to collect again, 
gather together again ; fig., se, to regain courage, 
Ov. ; primes annos, to become young again, Ov. ; 
aniiuum alicuius, to reconcile, Cic. 

recolo -coliii -oultuin, 3. to cultivate again. 

I. Lit, desertam terrain, Liv. II. Fig., A. 
Gen., 1, to practise again, resume; artes, Cic; 
stadia, Cic; 2, to set up again, renew, repair; 
imagines subversas, Tac ; dignitatem, Cic. ; 3, 
to honour again ; aliquein sacerdotiis, Tac B. 
Esp., 1, to reflect upon again; inclusas animas 
lustrabat studio recolens, Verg. ; 2, to recollect, 
think over again; quae si tecum ipse recolis, 
Cic. ; 3, to call to mind, remember again, Ov. 

recomminiscor, 3. dep. to recollect, Plant. 
recompono (-pflsui) -p5sltum, 3. to re- 
adjust, re-arrange ; comas, Ov. 

reconciliatio -onis, f. (reconcilio). I. a 

restoration, re-cslablishmeut ; concordiae, Cic 

II. reconciliation; irridebatur haec illius recon- 
ciliatio, Cic. 

re con cilia tor -oris, m. (reconcilio), a re- 
storer, re-establisher ; pacis, Liv. 

reconcilio, 1. I. A. to make good again, 
restore, repair ; diuturni laboris dctrinientum 
sollertia et virtute militum brevi reconciliatur, 
Caes. B. to re-unite, bring together again; a, 
inimicos in gratiam, Cic; b, to appease, to recon- 
cile ; aliquein alicui, Cic II. to restore, re- 
establish ; existimationem judiciorum, Cic. 

reconcinno, 1. to restore, renovate, repair; 
tribus locis aedilico, reliqua reconcinno, Cic. 

rcconditus -a -urn, p. adj. (from rceondo), 
far removed, secret, concealed. I, Lit., locus, 
Cic; nent. plur., occulta et recondite templi, 
secret recesses, Caes. II. Fig., a, abstruse, pro- 
found; reconditae abstrusaeque res, Cic. ; b, of 
character, reserved, mysterious; natura tristi ac 
recondita fttit, Cic. 



recondo -dldi -ditum, 3. I. to lay back, put 
back; gladium in vaginam, Cic; poet., oculos, 
to close again, Ov. II. to lay aside. A. Gen., 
1, lit., a, tamquam in vagina reconditum, Cic. ; 
b, of provisions, treasure, etc., to lay up in 
store, keep; prome reconditum Caecubum, Hor.; 
recondita alia (medicamenta), Liv.; 2, fig., 
mens alia recondit e quibus memoria oritur, lays 
up in store, Cic B. to conceal, hide ; 1, lit., a, 
quod celari opus erat habebaut sepositum ac 
reconditum, Cic ; Ascanium curvft valle, Verg. ; 
b, to thrust, etc. ; ensem in pulmone, Verg.; c, 
to devour; volucres avida alvo, Yerg.; 2, fig-, 
to conceal ; voluptates, Tac. 

rcconduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to bargain, 
contract for again, Plin. 

rcconfio, 1. to rekindle, Lucr. 

recoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. I. to boil again ; 
Peliam (in order to make young again), Cic. II. 
to melt, smelt, forge again. A. Lit., enses, Yerg. 

B. Fig., recoctns scriba ex quinqueviro, new- 
moulded, Hor. 

recordatio -onis, f. (recordor), a recollection, 
remembrance; ultimi teuiporis recordatio, Cic. ; 
plur., recordatloncs fugio, Cic. 

recordor, 1. dep. (re and cor). I. to re- 
member, recollect ; (a) with genit., flagitiorum 
suorum, Cic. ;(/3) with ace, majorumdiligentiain, 
Cic ; (v) with ace and infln., hoc genus poenae 
saepe in improbos cives esse usurpatum, Cic; 
(6) with rel. sent., non recordor, unde cecid- 
erim, Cic ; (e) with de and the abl., de ceteris, 
Cic. ; (Q absol., si recordari volumus, Cic. II. 
to think of something in the future, to ponder over ; 
quae sum passura recordor, Ov. 

recrastino, 1. (re and erastinua), to put off 

from day to day, Plin. 

recrcatio -onis, f. (recreo), a restoration, a 
recovery, Plin. 

recrementum -i, n. (cerno), dross, slag, 
refuse, Plin. 

recreo, 1. I. to crcaJe again, Lucr. II. to 
restore to a. sound condition, to refresh, invigorate, 
revive; reflex., se recreare and middle, recrcari, 
to revive, to recover, to be refreslied ; a, physically, 
voculae recreandae causa, Cic. ; recreari ex 
vulnere, Cic; exvulneribus, Liv.; b, politically, 
provinciam aflllctam et perditam erigere atque 
recreare, Cic ; middle, civitns recreatur, Cic. ; 

C, mentally, atfiictos animos, Cic; recreare se ex 
magno timore, to recover from, Cic. 

recrcpo, 1. to echo, resound, Cat. 

recresco -crevi -crStum, 3. to grow- again, 

Liv. 
£ _ 

recrudesco -crudiii, 3. to become raw again- 
I. Of wounds, to ojien. afresh ; quae consanuisse 
videbantur, recrudescunt, Cic. II. Fig., to 
break out again; recrudescente Manliana sedi- 
tione, Liv. 

recta, adv. (se via), straightway, straight- 
forward, right on, directly, Cic. 

recte, adv. (rectus). I. in a straight line, 
in a straight (horizontal) direction ; recte ferri, 
Cic. II. Fig., rightly, properly, well, duly, suit- 
ably. A. a, of conduct, behaviour, recte atque 
online facere, judicare, Cic. ; recte et vere re- 
spondere, Cic; b, of condition, well; apud 
matrem recte est, it is all right with, Cic; c, of 
consequence, well, favourably, safely; se alicui 
recte committere, Caes. ; quicuin quidvis rect- 
issime facere posset, Cic; recte vendere, at a 
h igh price, Cic. B. Of degree, recte ambulare, 
Cic. 

rectlo -onis, f. (rego), a ruling, governing; 
return publicarum, Cic 



reo 



472 



:ed 



rector -6ris, in. (rego), a ruler, governor, 

director, guide, leader. I. Lit., navis, steersman, 
Cic. II. Fig., rector et gubernator civitatis, 
Cic. ; of deities, ruler; Olympi, or superum, or 
deftm, Jupiter, Ov. ; maris, Neptune, Ov. 

reotrix -Icis, f. (rector), she that leads or 
guides, PI in. 

rectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from rego), straight 
(whether horizontally or vertically), upright. I. 
1, lit., a, in a horizontal direction, straight; 
recto Itinere ad Iberum contendere, Caes.; rectus 
cursns hine ad Africain, Liv. ; recti oculi, 
straight, steadj'a<t look, Cic. ; b, of vertical direc- 
tion, "upright ; ita jace're tnlum, ut rectus assistat, 
Cic; 2, transf., grammat. t. t , casus rectus, 
the nom. (npp. casus obliqnus), Quint. II. Fig., 
right, correct, proper, suitable, aw ; a, physically 
and intellectually, (a) rectum etjustum proelium, 
Liv. ; (J3) simple, natural, plain, straightforward ; 
comtnr-ntarii Caesaris, Cic. ; (y) right, free from 
mistakes; quae sint in artibus ac rationibus 
recta ac prava, Cic. ; neut. subst., rectum pra- 
vumque, Cic; b, morally, (a) straightforward, 
honest, upright; consilia recta, Liv. ; con- 
scientia recto, Cic; praetor populi Romani 
rectissimus, Cic. ; (j8) right, virtuous, dutiful ; 
in neut. subst., right, virtue, good; neque quid- 
quam nisi hones turn et rectum alter ab altero 
postulabit, Cic; rectum est, it is right, with 
ace. and infln., Cic. 

r&ciibitus -us, m. (recumbo), a falling 
down, Plin. 

reciibo, 1. to lie, back, to lie on the back, re- 
cline ; in hortulis snis, Cic 

recumbo -cuhfii, 3. to lie backwards, recline. 
I. Of persons. A. Gen., in eubiculo, Cic. ; in 
herba, Cic B. Ksp., to recline, at table; in 
triclinio, Cic II. Transf., of inanimate things, 
to sink down. Jull down; cervix in humeros, 
Verg. ^ 

reciiperatio -5uis, f. (recupero), a recovery; 
libertatis, Cic 

recuperator -oris, in. (recupero). I. a 

recoverer ; urbis, Tnc. II. Ksp., recuperatores, 
a college of three or five magistrates appointed by 
the praetor to decide causes which required speedy 
settlement, Cic 

reoupSratorius -a -um (recuperator), o/or 
relating to the. recuperatores ; .judicium, Cic. 

recupero, 1. (recipio), to get, again, regain, 
recover. I. Lit., a, of things, villain suam ab 
aliquo, Cic; url)cm, Liv. ; amissa, Caes. ; rem- 
pnblicam, supremacy in the stair, Cic ; b, of 
persons, obsidea, Caes., Cic ; si vos et me 
rpsuin reeuperaro, Cic. II. Transf., to win 
again, recover again (a person's favmir) ; volun- 
tatcm alicuins, Cic. 

recuro, 1. to restore, refresh, Cat. 

r2ourro -currl -cursnm, 3. to run hack, 
hasten back. I. a, lit., of persons, ad aliquem, 
Cic. ; ad redatn, Cic. ; in Tusculanum, Cic. ; 
rure, Hor. ; b, transf., of things, I una turn 
crescendo, turn defectionibus in Initia recur- 
rendo, Cic. ; bruina rccurrit Iners, Hor. ; csp., of 
the course of the sun and the year, to roll 
rovnd ; sol recurrens, Verg. II. Fig., A. Con., 
naiiirani expellas furca, tanien usque reenrret, 
Hor. B. tu < ame bade to, return, to; ad easdeni 
deditionis conditiones, Caes. 

recurso, l. (intens. of recurro), to rnn back, 
hasten back, return. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Fig., 
cura recursiit, Verg. 

rccursus -08, m. (recurro), a return, coming 
back, retreat; a, of persons, Liv. ; b, of water, 
etc., Ov. 

reourvo, 1. (recivrvus) to bend or curve back- 



wards ; colla equi, Ov. ; aquas in caput, make 
to flaw bad;, Ov. ; undae lecurvatar, winding, 
Ov. 

recurvus -a -um, bent or curved backwards ; 
cornu, Verg. ; tectum, labyrinth, Ov. ; aera, 
hooks, Ov. ; nexus hederae, winding, Ov. 

recusatio -dnis, f. (recuso). I. a refusal, 
Cic; adimere alicui omneni recusationem, pos- 
sibility of refusing, Cic. II. Legal t. t., n 
protest, Cic. 

recuso, 1. (re and causa), to refuse, decline, 
reject, be unwilling to do. I. Gen., (a.) with 
ace ; laborem, Caes. ; molestias non recusare, 
Cic. ; with double ace, populuin Romanum dis- 
ccptatorem.Cic; transf., of things, genua cnrsiuu 
recusant, Verg. ; (/3) with infin., gen. with pre- 
ceding negative, non recusare inori, Caes. ; (y) 
with ne and the subj., sentential!) ne diceret 
recusavit, Cic ; (6) when a negative precedes, 
with quin or quoininus and the subj,, non pos- 
sunius quin alii a nobis dissentiant recusare, 
Cic. ; non recusabo quoininus omnes inea legant, 
Cic ; (e) with de and the abl., de judiciis trans- 
ferendis, Cic ; (f)absol., non recuso, non abnuo, 
Cic. II. Ksp., legal 1. 1., to object, take, exception, 
plead in defence; quoniam satis recusavi, (ic. 

recussus -n, m. (recutio), a striking back, re- 
bound, recoil, Plin. 

recutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (re and quatio), 

to strike back, cause to rebound, Verg. 

reciitltus -a -um (re and cutis). I. circum- 
cised ; Judaei, Mart. II. smooth-shorn, Mart. 

reda (rheda) and raeda -ae, f. (a Gallic 
word), a travelling carriage with four wheels ; vein 
in reda, Cic. 

redambulo, l. /') w<dk back, Plant. 

redanio, 1. to lore, again, return lore for love, 
Cic^ 

redardesco, 3. tu break out again (into 
flames), Ov. 

redargiio -gfti -gfitum, 3. /<> confute, refute, 
disprove, contradict. ; a, of persons, redargue me, 
si nientior, Cic; b, of things as objects, refeire 
et redarguere mendacium alicuins, Cic; with 
things as subjects, improborum prosperitates 
redarguunt vires deoiuin, Cic. 

redarius -Ii, m. (reda), the driver of a reda, 
coachman, Cic 

redauspiCO, 1. to take fresh auspices ; jest- 
ingly = to return, Plant. 

redditio -Onis, f. (reddo), the consequent 
clause of a sentence, apodosis, Quint. 

reddo -dldi -ditum, .'i. I. to give hurl;, 
restore; 1, to restore (the same object); (..; oi 
coner. obj., obsides, captives, Caes. ; equos, Cic; 
alicui pecuniam, Cic. ; reflex., se reddere con- 
vivio, t» return to, Liv.; se. terris, Verg.; so pass., 
reddi, as middle, reddar tenebris, / shall return 
tu, Verg. ; ()3) of abstr. obj., alicui patiiam, Liv.; 

2, to give back something as an equivalent, to give 
liack, requite, repay ; a, gen., (a) of coner. obj., 
oscula, Ov. ; (fi) of abstr. obj., beiieficimn, Cic ; 
pro vita liominis hominis vitam, Caes. ; b, esp., 
(a)to give, back in, another language— totranslate, 
render, interpret ; qnum ea quae legeiam Graece, 
Latine redderem, Cic.; (ft) to give back in utter- 
ances, to imitate; verba bene (of a parrot), Ov. ; 
toansiver, veras and ire et. reddere voces, \'erg. ; 

3. to represent, imitate., reflect, resemble; qui te 
nomine reddet Sylvius Aeneas, Verg.; 4, to 
make, render, cause to be, with double, ace 
aliquid or aliquem, foil, by an adj., aliquem 
iratuni, Cic; itinera infesta, Caes.; with a 
subst., aliquem avem, Ov. II. to give forth 
from oneself, to gire. out ; 1, to give what is due or 
asked for or settled; a, sujim cuique, Cic; 



red 



473 



red 



honorem, Cic. ; caute vota, to fulfil, Cic ; rati- 
onem alicui, to render an account, Cic; so also (a) 
of the dying, eum spiritual, quem naturae debeo, 
patriae reddere, Cic. ; vitam naturae, Cic. ; (/3) 
of persons sacrificing, to offer ; liba deae, Ov. ; 
(y) of persons writing or speaking, to com- 
municate; sed perge, Pomponi, de Caeaaro et 
redde quae restaut, Cic. ; b, (a) to give, bestow, 
grant; responsa, Verg. ; peceatis veniaui, llor. ; 
legal t. t., reddere .judicium, to grant or appoint 
a judicial inquiry ; in aliqueni, Caes. ; reddere 
jus, to administer justice, pronounce sentence; 
alicui petenti, Caes.; (0) to grant, allow, leave; 
Tlierniitanis urbeui, agros legesque suas, Cic. ; 
2, to give forth from the body ; a, to give out, give 
forth (animam) a pulmonibus, Cic. ; sonuin, to 
sing or play, Hor. ; b, to repeat, recite, narrate; 
ea sine scripto verbis iisdeni, Cic; carmina, Hor. 

redemptio -onis, f. (redimo). I. a buying 
up; a, bribing; judicii, a corrupting by bribery, 
Cic. ; b, a farming of taxes, Cic. II. ransom- 
ing, redemption ; captivoruni, Liv. 

redempto, 1. (freq. of rediino), to ransom, 
redeem ; captivos, Tuc 

redemptor -oris, in. (rediino), a buyer, con- 
tractor, Jar mer (of taxes), Cic. ; frumenti, Liv. 

redemptura -ae, f. (redimo), a contracting, 
farming (of taxes, etc.); redempturis auxisse 
patrimonia, Liv. 

redeo -li (-ivi) -Ituui, 4. to go back, come back, 
return. I. A. Lit., a, of persons, e provincia, 
Cic. ; a Caesare, Cic. ; Koiuaiu, Cic. ; domum, 
Caes. ; in proclaim, Liv. ; ad suos, Caes. ; with 
predic noni., victor ex liac pugna redit, Liv. ; 
with 1. sup., spoctatum e senatu, Cic; b, of 
things as subjects, redeunt Immerique maiuis- 
qne, Ov. ; of water, flunien in eandem partem, 
ex qua venerat, redit, Caes. ; of the stars, day 
and night, etc., qumn ad idem, unde profecta 
sunt, astra redierint, Cic ; of places, collis 
paulatim ad planitiem redibat, slojvd down to, 
Caes. ; poet., of plants, redeunt jam gramina 
campis, Hor. ; of physical qualities, forma prior 
rediit, Ov. B. Transf., 1, gen., a, of persons, 
in pristinuin statum, Caes. ; cum aliquo in grat- 
iani, to be reconciled with, Cic. ; redire ad se, to 
return to one's senses, physically, Liv., and men- 
tally, Cic. ; redire ad se atque ad mores suos, 
Cic; ad sanitateni, Cic; Caesar ad duas legiones 
redierat, was reduced to, Caes. ; b, of things, res 
redit, the matter comes up again, Cic. ; 2, esp., 
of discourse, to return to the previous subject ; 
sed de hoc alias, nunc redeo ad augurem, Cic. 
II. A. Of revenue, income, to come in; pecunia 
publica, quae ex metallis redibat, Nep. B. to 
come to, be brought to, full to ; a, pilis oniissis, 
ad gladios redieruut, they betook tlicmselves to 
their swords, Caes.; b, of things, bona in talmlas 
publieas redieruut, have been registered in, Cic; 
suinma imperii, sumnia rerum redit ad aliqueni, 
Caes. ; mortuo Tullo res (government of the state) 
ad patres redierat, Liv. 

redhalo, 1. to breathe out again, Lucr. 

rcdhibeo -ui -Itum, 2. (re and liabeo). I. to 
give back, return. Plant. II. In business, to give 
back, return a damaged article ; mancipium, Cic. 

redigo -egi -actum, 3. (re and ago). I. to drive 
back, bring back, lead back. A. Lit., hostiuin 
equitatum in castra. B. Fig., rem in pristinam 
belli rationem, Caes. ; in memoriain alicuius, to 
a person's recollection (foil, by ace. and infin.), 
Cic. II. to bring or carry to. A. Lit., to draw 
in, call in, collect ; quantam (pecuniam) ex bonis 
patriis redegisset, Cic; omnem pecuniam Idibus, 
Hor. ; inagnain pecuniam in aerarium, Liv. ; 
esp., aliquid in publicum redigere, to deliver into 
the public trcisury, to confiscate, Liv., or simply 
redtgere ; Heraclji bona verbo rediitere, re dis- 



sipare, Cic B. Fig., a, to bring or reduce to a 
state or condition ; to make, render such ; Aeduos 
in servitutem, Caes. ; civitateni in ditioneui 
potestateinque populi Roinani, Cic. ; ad certum, 
to make certain, Liv. ; victoria m ad vanuin et 
irrituin, make fruitless, Liv. ; aliqueni or aliquid 
eo lit, etc., to bring to such a point that, etc, 
Liv.; with double ace., quae facilia ex dillicil- 
limis auiriii maguitudo redegernt, had made diffi- 
culties easy, Caes. ; in ordinem redigere, reduce 
to order, Liv.; b, to reduce in comjxtss, number, 
value, etc. ; to lessen, bring down ; ex hominuru 
miUibus LX. vix ad D., Caes. ; nobilissima 
familia jam ad paucos redncta, Cic. ; vilem ad 
assem redigi, Cic. 

rediraiculum -i, n. (redimio), a lappet or 
fillet, frontlet, necklace, Cic. 

redimio -li -Itum, 4. to bind round, tleround, 
wreathe run nd, cro ion ; scrtis rediiniri et rosa, Cic. ; 
tempo ra vitta, Ve.'-g. ; partic. perf., redimltus 
-a -uni, silvis rcdimita 'oca, Cat. (syneop. im- 
perf., redimibat, Verg.). 

redimo -emi -eniptum (-eintum), 3. (re and 
emo). I. to buy back; donmni, Cic; f nudum, 
Cic II. to buy; A. Gen., 1. lit., necessaria 
ad cultum, Liv. ; vitam alicuius pretio, Cic ; 
2, transf., to buy, i.e., to procure, obtain for a 
price; pacem parte fructuum, Cic; pacem ob- 
sidibus, Caes. B. Esp., polit. and legal t. t., 
1, to farm, hire; vectigalia, Caes.; piearias, 
Cic; 2, to contract for; opus, Cic. III. to 
ransom. A. to set free by payment of money ; 1, 
lit., captivos e servitute, Cic. ; 2, transf., to set 
free, deliver; se pecunia a judicious, Cic. ; sea 
Gallis auro, -Liv. B. to buy off, avert, remove; 
aeerbitateni a republica, Cic. ; litem, to com- 
promise, Cic. 

rcdintcgro, 1. to restore, renew, repair ; a, 
of persons, deminutas copias, Caes. ; proelrmn, 
Caes. ; memoi iani auditoiis, Cic ; spem, Caes. ; 
pacem, Liv.; b, of things as subjects, redinte- 
gravit luctuin in castris consulum adventus, 
Liv. 

redipiscor, 3. dep. (re and apiscor), to get, 
obtain again, Plant. 

redltio -onis, f. (redeo), a going back, coming 
back, returning, return ; celeritas reditionis, Cic. 

reditus -us, m. (redeo). I. a coming back, 
going back, return. A. Lit., a, of persons, 
domain, Cic. ; in urbem, Cic. ; ad aliqueni, Cic; 
est hominibus reditus in curiam, may return to, 
Cic; intercludere alicuius reditum, Cic; plur., 
sanguine quaerendi reditus, Verg. ; b, transf., 
of the stars, Cic. B. Fig., ad rem. ad proposi- 
tuin, Cic. ; reditus in gratiam, reconciliation, 
Cic. II. returns, income, revenue; sing., Nep. ; 
plur., reditus lnetalloruin, Liv. 

rcdivia = reduvia (q.v.).' 

rediviVUS -a -urn (redi — re and vivus), re- 
newed, renovated; applied to old building ma- 
terials used a second time; lapis, Cic. ; subst., 
rSdlvivum -i, n. and redivrva -Orum, u. 
old building materials used again, Cic. 

redoleo -fli, 2. to emit an odour, diffuse on 
odour. I. Lit., redolent murrac, Ov. ; with abl., 
redolere thynio, smell o/rty?ae,Verg. ; with ace, 
vinum, to smell of wine, Cic. II. Fig., ita domus 
ipsa fumabat, ut multa cius sermonis indicia 
redolerent, Cic. ; milii quidem ex illius oration- 
ibus redolere ipsae Athenae videntur, Cic; with 
ace, doctrinam, Cic. ; antiquitatem, Cic. 

redomitus -a -um, tamed again, subdued 
again, Cic. 

redono, 1. I. to give back, Hor. II. ta 
pardon; graves iras et inyisum nepotem Martj 
re4onabo, Hor, 



red 



47i 



ref 



redordlor, 4. dep. to unravel, unweave, 
Plin. 

redormlo, 4. to sleep again, Pliti. 
redormitio -onis, f. (redormio), a going to 
sleep again, Plin. 

reduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to bring back, 
lead back. A. to draw back, to draw backwards, 
draw toivanls oneself; 1, lit., a, gen., falces tor- 
meutis internis, Caes. ; remos ad pectora, Ov. ; 
b, esp., (a) to draw in ; auras naribus, Lucr. ; 
((3) to extend a fortification; reliquas onmes 
munitiunes ab ea fossa pedes CCC. reduxit, Caes.; 
2, fig., a, to rescue; socios a morte reduxi, 
' Verg. ; b, to keep back from ; meque ipse reduco 
a contemplatu dimoveoquo mali, Ov. B. to 
lead back, often with rursus or rursuru ; 1, lit., 
a ? gen., (a) of persons as obj., aliqueni domum, 
Cic; (fi) of things, diem or lucem, Verg.; b, 
esp., (a) to accompany, to escort, as a mark or 
respect ; aliquem domum, Cic. ; (jS) to restore an 
exile; aliquem de exsilio, Cic; regem, Cic. ; (y) 
milit. t. t., to draw back forces, withdraw, cause 
to retire, take back; legiones ex Britannia, Caes.; 
copias a munitionibus, Caes. ; victoretn exercitum 
Romain, Liv. ; 2, fig., a, aliqueni in gratiam 
cum aliquo, Cic. ; aliquem ad olticium sanita- 
tenique, Cic. ; in memoriam, to recall to recollec- 
tion, Cic. ; b, to re-introduce ; legem majestatis, 
Tac. II. to bring or reduce to a certain state or 
condition; (carnem) lambendo mater in artus 
fingit et iu formam redueit (of the she-bear), 
Ov. 

reductio -C'tiis, f. (reduco), a bringing back; 
regis Alexandrini, restoration, Cic. 

rSdUCtor -oris (reduco), one who brings 
back ; plebis Romanae in urbem, Liv. 

reductus -a -urn, p. adj. (from reduco), 
withdrawn, retired. I. Lit., of places, retired, 
sequestered; vallis, Verg. II. Fig., virtus est 
medium vitiorum et utrinque rednctum, distant 
from both extremes, Hor. ; applied to a painting, 
reductiora, the background, Quint.; subst., re- 
ducta -Oruin, n. (translation of anoirporiyni ra), 
in the language of the Stoics, things which 
though not evils were to be regarded as inferior 
(opp. producta), Cic. 

1 reduncus -a -um, bent, boived, curved; 
rostrum (aquilae), Ov. 

redundantia -ac, f. (redundo), an overflow- 
ing; fig., of style, redundancy, Cic. 

redundo, l. (re and unda), to overflow, sir- 
over. I. 1, lit., of water, etc., lacus, C. .; 
pituita, Cic; partic. perf., redundatus poet. = 
redundans, overflowing ; aquae, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
to overflow with ; foil, by abl., Asia, quae eorum 
ipsorum sanguine redundat, Cic II. Fig., 1, 
to overflow, abound, flow forth freely ; a, nationes 
in provincias redundare poterant, Cic; infamia 
ad ainicos redundat, Cic ; b, of orators, Asiatici 
oratores nimis rcduudante.s, copious, diffuse, 
Cic. ; 2, to be very abundant, abound; ut neque 
in Antonio deesset hie ornatus orationis, neque 
in Crasso redundaret, Cic. ; with abl., to abound 
in; splendidissimorum hominum multitudine, 
Cic. 

reduvla (rgdivia) -ae, f. (from *reduo, 
as exuviae from exuo), a hangnail, whitlou; 
a loosening of the skin round tie vails; prov., 
quum capiti medori debeam, rcduviam curem, 
attend to a trifle, Cic. 

redux-d&cis (reduco). I. Act., bringingback, 
restoring; epithet of Jupiter, Ov. II. Fass., 
brought back, returned; reduces socii, Verg.; me 
reducem esse voluistis, returned from exile, Cic 
(abl. sing., reduci in poets, Ov.). 

refectio -5nis, f. (reficio), a repairing, re- 
iteration, Ruet. 



refector -oris, m. (reticio), a repairer, re- 
storer, Suet. 

rofello -felli, .'!. (re and fallo), to refute, eon- 
fute, disprove ; aliquem, Cic. ; refellere et red- 
nrguere meiidacium alicuius, Cic; crimen com- 
mune ferro, Verg. 

referclo -forsi -fertum, 4. (re and farcie), t» 
stuff quite full, fill full. I. Lit., cloacas cor- 
poribus civium, Cic. II. Fig., A. Gen., com- 
plures aures istis sermonibus, Cic ; libros puer- 
ilibus fabulis, Cic B. to crowd together ; quae 
Crassus peranguste refersit in oratione sua, Cic. 

referlo, 4. I. to strike back, strike again, 
Plant. II. to reflect; upeculi referitur imagine 
Phoebus, Ov. 

refero -tttli -latum -ferre. I. to carry back, 
bring back, bearbwk. A. 1. to a place, a, to bring 
bank, carry back; candelabrum, Cic; pecunias 
in templum, Caes.; esp., of the wounded, ali- 
quem in castra, Liv. ; b, to take back, restore 
what has been lent or stolen, give back; pateram, 
Cic. ; tig., ad equestrem ordinem judicia, Cic; 

c, to give back f 'ram oneself ; (a) to spit out ; cum 
sanguine mixta vina, Verg. ; (j3) to causeto sound 
back, to cause to echo ; in pass. = to echo, to re- 
sound; theatri natura ita resonans, ut usque. 
Romam signiticationcs vocesque referantur, Cic. ; 

d, to carry back = to make to return; (a) of re- 
turn, me referunt pedes in Tusculanum, Cic. ; esp., 
referre pedem, or referre se, or pass., referri, as 
middle, to return, to turn back again, to return 
home ; se iterum Romam, Cic. ; classem relatam 
nuntio, Verg. ; osp., (aa) to bring back time that 
is past; o mini praeteritos referat si Juppiter 
annos, Verg.; (/3/3) to direct again one's look, 
energy, etc. ; oculos animumque ad aliquem, 
Cic. ; animum ad studia, Cic. ; se ad philoso- 
phiam, Cic ; (yy) to restore to a condition; con- 
silia in melius, Verg.; (56) legal t. t., to bring 
again before a court of justice ; rem .iudicatam, 
Cic. ; (<rt) to refer to, to judge by, measure accord- 
ing to a certain standard ; omnia ad voluptatem, 
Cic. ; omnia consilia atque facta ad dignitatem 
et ad virtutem, Cic; (fs) of retreat, to move back; 
castra, Liv.; esp., referre pedem or vestigia, or 
gradum (gradus), or reflex., se referre and pass., 
referri, as middle, to retreat, move back, yield ; esp. 
as milit. 1. 1., paulatim cedere ac pedem referre, 
Caes.; (y) naut. t.t., to drive back ; auster aliquem 
in Italiam refert, Cic. ; 2, to bring back from a 
place, as a trophy, present, discovery; a, tabulas 
repertas ad Caesarem, Caes. ; pro re ccrta falsam 
ipein domum, Cic ; esp., milit. t. t., signa 
militaria sex, Caes. ; b, to bririg back a message, 
report, etc. ; responsum, Cic. ; rumores, Cic. ; 
witli ace and infin., imminere Volscum belluni, 
Liv.; 3, to bring hack as equivalent, return, re- 
quite; a, vicem, Ov. ; alicui plurimam salutem, 
Cic. ; b, gratiam, to return thanks, to recompense, 
Cic. ; 4, to turn back (parts of the body) ; oculos 
ad terrain identidem, Cic. ; os in 6e, Ov. ; 5, to 
repeat, renew, restore ; a, eandem totius caeli 
descriptioncm, Cic. ; b, to represent, be the image 
of, recall; aliquem ore, Verg. II. to giveaway 
from oneself. A. to give up, present, deliver; 
fruinentum omne ad se referri jubet, Caes. ; 
polit. t. t., banc ex fenore pecuiiiam populo, 
deliver into the public treasury, Cic; rationes ad 
aerarium, Cic; esp., a, to pay off; octonis 
Idibue aera, Hor.; b, to offer as a sacrifice ; sol- 
lemnia ludis, Verg.; c, to procure, confer upon; 
consulatum ad patrem, Cic. ; d ? to report, relate 
by word of mouth or by writing; certorum 
hominum sermoncs ad aliquem, Cic. ; haec man- 
data Caesari, Caes.; aliquem in numero deoruni, 
to raise to, Cic; with ace and infin., referunt 
Suebos ad extremos tines se reccpisse, Caes. ; e, 
to place before for advice, apply to, refer to ; de 
sleno Concordiae dedicando ad pontiflcnm co]< 



ref 



475 



ref 



legiuni, Cic; esp., 1, referre ad senatum, to 
bring a question before the senate ; ad senatuin de 
legibus abrogandis, Cic. ; 2, to register, record, 
enter; judicium ill tabulas publicas, Cic; ali- 
quid in commentarium, in libellum, Cic. ; ali- 
quern in proscxiptos, in the list of proscribed, 
Cic. ; esp., to write in ail account-book ; pecuniam 
operi publico, under the head of a public work, 
Cic. ; aliquid in acceptum referre or acceptum 
referre, to enter as paid, Cic. (perf. and sup., 
i rettuli and rellatum sometimes in poets to 
make the lirst syllable long). 

refert, retiilit, referre, impers. (from re, for 
ex re and fert), it matters, it concerns, is of use, 
is advantageous, is one's interest; with mea, tua, 
nostra, vestra, cuja ; more rarely with ad ami 
the ace, or only ace, or with genit.; a, with pos- 
sess, pron., non ascripsi id, quod tua nihil refere- 
bat, Cic; non plus sua referre, quam si, etc., Cic; 
b, without poss. pron., refert maguo opere id 
ipsum ; with infin. as subj., neque refert videre 
quid dicendum sit, Cic; with depend, interrog. 
sent., quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis? Cic. ; 
quid refert, utrum voluerim fieri, an gaudeam 
factum? Cic; c, with dat., quid referat intra 
naturae lines viventi, jugera centum an mille 
aretrHor. ; d, with genit., faciendum aliquid, 
quod illoruin n ajiis, quam sua retulisse videre- 
tur, Sail. ; e, absol., tamquam referret, as if it 
were of any consequence, Tac 

refertus -a -urn, p. adj. (from refercio), 
stuffed, crammed, filled, full; (a) with abl., in- 
sula rcferta divitiis, Cic ; (j3) with genit., mare 
refertum praedonum, Cic; (7) with de and the 
abl., cur de prooemiis referti essent eomni libri, 
Cic. ; (6) absol., aerarium lefertius, Cic. ; the- 
atrum refertissimum, Cic. 

referveo, 2. to boil over; fig., refervens 
falsum crimen, Cic. 

refervesco, 3. (referveo), to boil up, bubble 
up ; sanguis refervescit, Cic. 

reficio -feci -fectuin, 3. (re and facio). I. 
to make again. A, to make afresh, prepare again ; 
anna, Sail. ; ea quae sunt omissa, Cic B. 
to choose again ; tribunos, Cic II. to re-estab- 
lish, restore a thing to its previous condition; 
salutem, Cic ; esp., a, to build again ; ponteni, 
Caes. ; fana, Cic ; b, to refit, repair ; naves, 
classem, Caes. ; aedes, Cic. ; c, to light again, 
kindle again ; flammam, Ov. ; d, to restore in 
point of number, to fill up, complete; exercitum, 
Idv. ; copias, Caes. ; e, to restore health, heal, 
cure; Tironis reliciendi spes, Cic; f, to restore 
(physically, politically, mentally), to refresh, 
revive ; reficere se et curare, Cic. ; fessum via ac 
vigiliis militeni, Liv. ; me recreatet reficit Pom- 
peii consilium, gives me strength, Cic. ; of things, 
herbas, Ov. III. to get back again, receive, get; 
plus inercedis ex fuudo, Cic. 

ref igo -fixi -iixum, 3. to tear, loose, pluck off, 
pluck apart, unfasten. -I. Lit., tabulas, Cic; 
signa templis, Hor. II. Meton., A. to take doivn 
the tables of the law, i.e., to repeal, abrogate; 
leges, aera, Cic. B. to pack up, ap. Cic. 

, refingo, 3. to form anew ; cerea regua, Verg. 

rcflagito, 1. to ask back, demand again, 

reflatus -u, m. (reflo). I. a blowing against, 
Plin. II. Meton., a contrary wind; naves de- 
latas Uticam refiatu lioc, Cic. 

reflecto -flexi -flexnm, 3. to turn back, bend 
back. I. Lit., cervicem, Ov. ; oculos, Ov. ; pass., 
reflecti, as middle, tereti cervice retlexa, Verg. ; 
longos reflectitur ungues, bends his nails into 
long talons, Ov. II. Pig., to turn back, burn, 
divert ; omnium, Cic ; mentes. Cjc ; wsa in 
niclius, Verg. 



reflo, 1. I. Intransit., to blow back, blow 
against, blow contrary ; etsi etesiae valde reflant, 
Cic. II. Transit., to blowout, breathe out, Lucr. 

rcfloresco -florfii, J. to begin to bloom again, 
Plin. 

refliio -rluxi -Iluxum, 3. to flow back, to over- 
flow ; Nilus refluit eampis, Verg. 

rcfluus -a -um (leiluo), flowing back; inarc, 
Ov.^ 

refddio -fOdi -fossum, 3. to dig out, dig up, 
Plin. 

reformator -5ris, in. (refonno), one who 
forms again, a reviver, improver, Plin. 

reformidatio -onis, f. (reformido), excessive 
dread, fear, terror, Cic. 

reformido, 1. to dread, fear, be afraid of, 
shun, uvoid ; a, of persons, (a) with ace, 
aliqucm, Cic; bellum. Cic; (/3) with iiiBn., re- 
fugit animus eaque diccre reformidat, Cic; (y) 
with rel. sent., nee, quid occurrat, reformidat, 
Cic; (5) absol., vide, quam non reforinidem, 
Cic ; b, of things, ante (vites) reformidant 
ffirruni, Verg. 

reformo, 1. to form again, mould anew, alter 
inform; Iolcus reforuiatus in annos prinios, Ov. 

refoveo -fovi -fotum, 2. to xvarm again, 
cherish again, revive, restore, refresh. I. Lit., 
corpus, Ov. ; vires, Tac. ; igues tepidos, Ov. II, 
Fig., provincias iuternis certamiuibus fessas, 
Tac. 

erfractari6lus;-a-inii(dim. of refractarius), 
somewhat contentious, stubborn; hoc judicialo 
dicendi genus, Cic. 

ref ractarius • -a -11m (refrngor), stubborn 
refractory, contentious, Sen. 

refragor, 1. dep. (opp. to 6uffrngor), to op- 
pose, withstand, thwart; petenti, Cic; honori 
eius, Liv. ; ilia lex petitioni tuae refragrata est, 
is opposed to, Cic. 

refreno, 1. to hold liack, rein in; transf., 
to hold back, restrain, curb; fluvios, Lucr. ; aquas, 
Ov.; tig., aninium, Cic; juventutem, Cic; adol- 
cscentes a gloria, Cic 

refrlco -frlciii -frlcaturus, 1. to rub again, 
scratch again, gall. I. Lit., alicuius ▼itinera, to 
tear open, Cic; cicatricem, Cic. II. Transf., to 
excite again, renew ; pulcho.rriini facti niemoriam, 
Cic. ; tuis sceleribua reipublicao praeterita fata 
rofricabis, Cic; dolorem, Cic; crebro refricatur 
lippitudo, breaks out afresh, appears again, Cic. 

refrigeratio -onis, f. (refrigero), a coding, 
coolness; me delectant et refrigeratio etvicissim 
aut sol ant ignis hibernus, Cic. 

refrigeratorius -a -um (refrigero), cooling, 
Plin. 

refrigeratrix -icis, f. ccoling, Plin. 

refrigero, 1. to make cool. I. Lit., a, physi- 
cally, stella Saturni refrigerat, Cic. ; b, of 
animal heat, membra undS, Ov. ; dei membra 
partial ardentia partiui refrigerata dicenda sunt, 
Cic ; pass., refrigerari, as middle, to cool one- 
self, grow cool ; umbris aquisve, Cic. II. Transf., 
to cool, to deprive of warmth or zeal ; and hence, 
pass., to be cold, exhausted, languid, to grow cool 
or languid; refrigerata accusatio, Cic; sennone 
refrigerato, Cic. 

refrigesco -frixi, 3. to grow cold, cool down, 
become cool. I. Lit., cor corpora cum toto re- 
frixit, Ov. II. Transf., to lose warmth, vigour, 
zeal, grow cool, to flag, to fail, to abate, to grow 
stede ; illud crimen «le minimis caluit re recenti, 
nunc in causa refrixit, Cic. ; vereor ne liasta 
(the public nucd'em) refrixerit, Cic ; of persons, 
HMiqrus lefiixetat, Cic, 



ref 



476 



reg 



refringo -fregi -fractuin, 3. (re and frango), 
in break up, break open. I. Lit., claustra, Cic. . 
eaiverem, Liv. II. Transf., to break in- pieces, 
to breaJ:, destroy; vim fliimiiiis, Caes. ; vim for- 
tunae, Liv. 

rdfugio -fugi -fiigitum, 3. I. Intransit., to 
fee away, take to flight, escaj^e. A. Lit., velocis- 
siino, Caes. ; ad suos, Caes. ; Syracusas, Cic. ; ex 
castris in montem, Cars. B. Transf., a, to 
turn away from, avoid ; vites a caulibus rcfugere 
dieuntur, Cic. ; b f of places, to retire from, 
recede from; refugftab litore teinplum, Verg. ; 
c, to take refuge with, hare recourse to ; ad legato , 
Cic. II. Transit, to fly from, avoid, run away 
from. A. Lit., impetum, Cic. 3. Fig., to 
avoid, shun; judicem, Cic. ; ministeria, Verg. 

rfifugium -li, li. (refugio), a place of refuge, 
a refuge ; silvae dedere refugiura, Liv. ; rcfugiuin 
populorum erat seuatus, Cic. 

rSftigUS -a -van (refugio). I. flying, fugitive, 
receding; quidain in castra rcfugi,Tac. Subst., 
refugi, fitgttives,"Tne. II. Toet., transf., reced- 
ing, recoiling; inula, Ov. 

rdfulgeo -falsi, 2. to gleam or glitter back, to 
shine brightly, to glitter. I. Lit. anna reful- 
gentia, Liv. ; Jovis tutela refulgens (of Jupiter, 
as an auspicious birth-star), Hor. II. Fig., 
splehdidoqne a docto fama refulget avo, Prop. 

refundo -ffidi -fusum, 3. I. to pour back; 
vapores efidem, Cic. ; aequor in aequor, Ov. ; 
refusus Oceanus, ebbing owl flowing, Verg. II. 
to cause to flow forth ; pass., refundi* as middle, to 
overflow ; stagna refusa vadis, Verg. 

refutatio -onis, f. (re.futo), a refutation, con- 
futation, Cic. 

refutatus, abl. -u = refutatio (q.v.). 

refuto, 1. I. to drive back, press back; na- 
tiones bello, Cic. II. Fig., to resist, oppose, 
repel, repress. A. Gen., clamorem, Cic ; cupidi- 
tatein, Cic. ; virtutem aspernari ac refutare, Cic. 
B. Ksp., to co)\futc, refute, disprove; scelerat- 
orum perjuria testimoniis, Cic. ; aliquos domest- 
icis testibus, Cic. ; Fors dicta refutet! may fate 
avert ! Verg. 

regallolus -i, m. (dim. of regalis) a small 
bird, psrliaps the wren, Suet. 

regalis -e (rex), royal, regal, kingly. I. Lit., 
melius civitatis, monarchical, Cic. ; nomen, Cic. ; 
carmen, celebrating deeds of kings, Ov. II. 
Transf., kingly, princely, worthy if a. king; 
nrnatus, Cic. ; regalem aninium in se esse, 
Liv. 

regalltSr, adv. (regalis), royally, regally; a, 
in good sense, centum hostiis sacriticium regal- 
iter Minervae conflcere, Liv. ; b, in a bad 
sense, despotically, tyrannically ; precibus minus 
regal iter add ere, Ov. 

regelo, 1. to thaw, warm, Mart. 

regenSro, l. tobring forth again, to generate 

again, ixproduce, l'lin. . 

rcgenninatio -onis, f. (regermino), a bud- 
ding again, putting forth of buds again, Plin. 

regerraino, 1. to put forth buds again, ger- 
minate again, Plin. 

rcgero -gessi -gestuin, 3. to carryback, h,-,,,- 
back, bring back. I. Lit., quo regesta e fossa 
terra foret, Liv. ; tellnrem, to throw back again,, 
Ov. II. Transf., to throw back, return, retort; 
convicia, Hor. 

regia, v. regius. 

regie, adv. (regius), royally; a, in a good 
sense, Plaut. ; b, in a bad sense, arbitrarily, 
despotically, tyrannically ; crudeliter et reeie 
fieri, Qic. ; ea quae regie seu potins tyrannies 
statuit in aratores, Cic, 



regificus -a um (rex and facio), royal, 
princely, splendid ; luxus, Verg. 

regigno, 3. to bring forth again, beget again, 
Lucr. 

RegilluS -i, in. I. a town in the country of 
the Sabines, from which Appius Claudius came to 
Rome. Hence, Regillensis -e and Regill- 

anus -a -nin, belonging to Hegillns. II. a small 
lake in I.atium on. the. via. Lovicana, scene of a 
victory of the Romans over tin' Latins, 49(5 B.C. 
Hence, Regillensis -e, surname of the Post- 
vmii, as the Roman commander was the dictator 
Fostumius. III. surname of the gens Aemilia. 

regimen -Tnis, ri. (rego). I. guiding, lead- 
i»g. A. Lit., eqiioriim, Tac. ; navis, Tae r ; 
coliortium, Tac. B. Fig., guidance, rule, govern- 
ment, direction; totius magistrates, Liv.; absol., 
the. government of a state, Tac. II. that which 
guides. A. Poet., therudder, Ov. B. Fig., a 
ruler, governor ; rerum, of a state, Liv. 

regina -ae, f. (rex), a queen. I. A. Lit., 
1 ? gen., Plaut.; 2, esp., of Cleopatra, Cic; 
ot Dido, Verg. B. Transf., a, ot goddesses, 
regina, Juno, Cic. ; b, a king's (laughter, a, 
princess (of Ariadne), Verg. ; of Medea, Ov. II. 
Fig., queen, mistress, sovereign; liaee. una virtus 
(justitia) omnium est domina et regina virtutum, 
Cic. ; regina pecunia, Hor. 

Reginus, v. Regium. 

regio -onis, f. (rego). I. a direction, line. 
A. Gen., si qui tantulum de recta regione de- 
flexerit, Cic; haec eadem est nostra regio et via, 
Cic. ; oppidi mums recti regione, si nullus an- 
fractus intercederet, MCC passus aberat, Caes.; 
recta regione, in a straight line, Liv. B. Esp., 
e regione, adv., a, in a straight line; alteram e 
regione movetur, alteram declinat, Cic; b, in 
the opposite direction, over, against; (a) with 
genit., e regione solis, Cic. ; (&) witli dat., esse 
e regione. nobis e contiaria parte terrae, Cic. 
II. Transf., A. a boundary line, boundary; 1, 
gen., a, lit. , usually plur., res ea orbis terrae reg- 
ionibus dehiiiuntur, Cic.; b, fig., seso regionibus 
officii continet, Cic. ; 2. esp., a, t. t. of augurs' 
language, the line of sight. ; per li tun ill regionnm 
facta descriptio, Cic. ; b, o region of the heavens 
or earth; regio aquilonia, austral is, Cic; c, 
geographical position, earn esse naturam et 
regionem provinciae tuae, Cic. B. 1, a region, 
country, territory, district; a, lit., locus in 
regione pestilenti saluber, Cic; b, tig., sphere, 
department, territory; bene dicere noil habet 
delinitani aliquam regionem, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, 
an administrative division, province, district; 
prilicipes reginmnn atque pngorum inter suos 
jus dicunt, Caes. ; b, a division, qtuirter, ward, 
district of Jlome, Tac. 

regionatim, adv. (regio), according to dis- 
tricts, provinces ; tribus describere, Liv. 

Regium -ii, n. I. a town of the Boii in 
Gallia Cispadana, now lleggio. Hence, Re- 
gionses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Regium. 
II. a town of the llruttii, at. the south Of Italy, 
urn,- Sicily, now Reggio. Hence, Reginus -a 
- u mi , belonging to Regium. 

regius -a -um (rex), royal, regal, kingly. 
I. Adj., A. Lit., antii, the period of monarchy at 
Rome, Cic. ; ales, the eagle, Cic. ; causa (of tlio 
installation of Ptolemaeus Auletes), Cic. B. 
Transf., royal, splendid, magnificent ; moles, Hor. ; 
morbus, jaundice, Hor. II. Subst., A, regii 
-drum, m. 1, the troops of the. ling, Liv. ; 2, the 
satraps of the king, Nep. B. regia -ae, f. 1, 
the royal dwelling, the palace; a, gen., Cic. ; b, 
esp., a building in Rome on the Via Sacra, the 
palace of Nums, afterwards used b.y the. priests, 



rsg 



477 



rei 



Cic.; so atrium regium, Liv. ; c, meton., the 
court, the royal family, Liv. ; 2,= basilica, a 
public hall, Suet. 

reglutlno, 1. to unglue, separate. Cat. 

regnator -oris, m. (regno), « ?'«;er, governor, 
king; Olympi, Jupiter, Verg.; Asiae, Verg. 

regnatrix -trieis, f. (regnator), riding; 
domus, Tae. 

regno, 1. (regnum). I. Intransit., to exercise 
royal authority, be a king, reign. A. Lit., 
septem et triginta regnavisse annos, Cic. ; 
iinpera., post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non 
erat regnatum, Liv. B. Transf., to rule as a 
king ; a, of persons, to be master, to have abso- 
lute suuy, to play the lord ; partly in a good 
sense, Graecia jam regnante, Cic. ; partly in a 
bad sense, to be a tyrant; regnavit is quidem 
(Gracchus) paucos menses, Cic. ; b, of things, 
to rule, get the mastery ; ignis per iilta cacumiua 
regnat, Verg. ; ardor edendi per viscera regnat, 
rages, Ow ; of abstractions, in quo uno regnat 
oratio, Cic. II. Transit., to ride ; only ill pass., 
regnandam RCCipere Album, Verg. ; with abl. of 
pers., terra regnata Lycurgo, Verg. ; gentes quae 
regnantur, which are ruled by kings, Tac. 

regnum -i, n. (rex), royal power or author- 
ity, royalty, monarchy, the throne. I. A. Lit., 
superbi regni initium, Cic. ; regnum atlectare, 
Liv. B. Transf., 1, in a good sense, authority, 
rule, unrestrained power ; alicui regnum deferre, 
Caes. ; abuti ad omnia atomorum regno et 
licentiS, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, under the 
republic at Rome, tyranny, despotism; regnum 
appetere, Cic; crimen regni, Ov. ; regnum judici- 
i ormn, regnum forense, Cic. II. Meton., A. a 
country ruled by a king, a kingdom ; tines regni, 
Caes. B. Transf., 1, the kingdom of the deiul, 
Verg.; 2, any possession, estate; in tuo regno, 
Cic; mea rcgna, Verg. 

rego, rexi, rectum, 3. to guide, direct. I. Lit., 
A. equum, Liv.; regit beluain quocuiuque vult, 
Cic. B. Legal t. t., regere fines, to mark out 
boundaries, Cic II. Fig., A. to guide, direct; 
a, motuni mnndi, Cic. ; juvenein, Cic; b, esp., 
as a ruler, to guide, direct, rule, govern, ad- 
minister; rempublicam, Cic; Massilieuses 
summit justitia, Cic. ; transf., of abstract ob- 
jects, oinnea animi partes, Cic. ; suorum 
libidines, Cic. B. to show the right way to, to 
set right; errantem, Caes.; te regere possum, 
Cic. 

• regredior -gressus sum, 3. (re and gradior), 
to go bad;, retreat, step back. I. Lit., a, lit regredi 
quam progredi mallent, Cic. ; b, as milit. t. t., 
to retreat, Caes. II. Fig., in ilium annum, Cic. 

regressio -Onis, f. (regredior), o going back, 
repetition, as a rhetorical figure, Quint. 

regressus -us, m. (regredior), a going back, 
return. I. Lit., a, Cic; dare ulicui regressum, 
Ov. Plur., conservare progressus et regressus, 
Cic. ; b, milit. t. t., a retreat, Liv. II. Fig., 
a, a return; ab ira, Liv. ; b, refuge, recourse; 
ad principem, Tac. 

regula -ae, f. (rego), a rule, a bar, staff, 
lath, stick. I. Gen., Caes. II. Esp., A. Lit., 
a rule, Cic. B. Fig., a rule, pattern, model; 
juris, Cic. ; regula ad quam omnia judicia rerum 
dirigentur, Cic. 

1. regulus -i, m. (dim. cf rex). I. a petty 
king, prince, Sail. II. a king's son, prince, Liv. 

2. Regulus, surname of the gens Atilia, the 
most famous member of which was the consul M. 
Atilius Regulus, famous for his devoted return 
into captivity in the First Punic War. 

rSgusto, 1. to taste again or repeatedly. I. 
Lit, Peru. II, Fig., crebro litteras alicuius, to 



take pleasure in reading over again, Oie. J laud. 
ationem Lollii, Cic. 
relcio = rejicio (q. v.). 

rejectaneus -a -am (rejicio), to be rejected ; 
subst., rejectanea -5mm, transl. of the Stoic 

an<nrporiyiJ.eya, things which, though not f.Sll, Ulf 

to be rejected, Cic 

rejeotlo -Onis, f. (rejicio). I. Lit., a throw- 
ing out, throwing back, throwing up; sanguinis, 
a spitting of blood, Plin. II. Fig., A. a casting 
out, rejection, despising ; a, huius civitatis, Cic; 
b, esp., legal t.t., the refusal to accept a particular 
judex, challenging a juryman ; judicum, Cic. B. 
In rhet., in aiium, a shifting off from oneself to 
another, Cic. 

rojeoto, 1. (intens. of rejicio), to cast back, 
throw back, Lucr. 

rejicio -jeci -jectimi, 3. (re and jacio), to 
throw back. I. Gen., A. In a narrow sense, to 
cast behind, throw behind; a, scutum (to protect 
oneself), Cic. ; esp., of a garment, to throw behind ; 
togam ab humero, Liv.; paenulam, to throw back 
on the shoulders (to leave the hands free), Cic ; 
b, esp., (a) rejiccre or pass., rejici, as middle, to 
sink back: se in alicuius gremiuin, Lucr.; (/3) to 
place behind; accensos in postromam uciem, 
Liv. ; rejecta mater, Cic. B. In a wider sense, 
to cast back from oneself, throw away, repel, drive 
back; 1, lit., a, colubras ab ore, Ov. ; oculos 
Kutulorum arvis, turn from, Verg. ; esp., (a) to 
throw away a garment ; vestem ex humeris, Ov. ; 
sagulum, Cic. ; (fi) to throw back, cause to echo ; 
gen., in pass., to echo back; imago rejecta, 
Lucr. ; b, esp., (a) to drive off living beings ; 
eapellas a Humine, Verg. ; esp., as milit. t. t., to 
drive back; equitatum, Caes.; hostes ab An- 
tiochea, Cic. ; tig., alicuius ferrnm et audaciain 
in foro, Cic; O) as naut. t. t., of a storm, to 
drive back, cast up; naves tempestate rejectae, 
Cues. ; rejici austro ad Leucopetram, Cic. ; 2, 
lig., a, to drive off from oneself, remove, repidse ; 
banc proscriptionem hoc judicio a se rejicere et. 
aspernari, Cic. ; b, esp., (a) to reject with scorn, 
disdain, spurn; bona diligere et. rejicere con- 
traria, Cic ; omnem istam disputationem, Cic. ; 
as legal t. t., to challenge the judices or jury; 
judices, Cic. ; recuperatoros, Cic. ; (fi) to refer to ; 
aliquem ad ipsain epistolam, Cic. ; (y) to bring a 
matter before the senate, or a magistrate ; rem nd 
seuatum, Liv.; (&) to put off'; totnm rem in 
mensem Januariuin, Cic. II. to throw back at 
some one ; teluin in hostem, Caes. (iniper., reice, 
dissyll., Verg.). 

relabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. to slide, glide, 
flow, fall back. I. Lit., prenso rndente relabi, 
Ov. ; relabi montibus, Hor. H. Fig., tunc mens 
etsonus relapsus, Hor.; mine in Aristippi furtim 
praecepta relabor, come back to, Hor. 

relanguesco -langui, 3. to become faint, lan- 
guid. I. Physically, Ov. II. Morally or intel- 
lectually, a, to be weakened, be made effeminate; 
iis rebus relanguescere animos, Caes. ; b, to 
become relaxed, to abate; taedio impetus relan- 
guescit regis, Liv. ; relanguisse se dicit, hie ani- 
mosity had abated, Liv. 

relatio -onis, f. (refero), a carrying back, 
bringing back. I. Lit, Quint. II. Fig., A. 
Legal t. t, criminis, a retorting of the accusation, 
upon the accuser, Cic. B. 1, polit. t. t., a 
motion, proposal, proposition of a magistrate in 
the senate, Cic. ; 2, grammat. t. t, relation, 
reference, respect, Cic. 

relator -oris, m. (refero), a mover, proposer 
in the senate, ap. Cic. 

relatua -ils, in. (refero), a bringing before. I. 
re narrative, recital ; quorum (carminnm) relatus, 
Tac. II. re proposal, repjrt in the senate, Tac. 



rel 



478 



jfel 



relaxatl'o -onla, f. (relaxo), a relaxation, 
easing ; animi, Cic. 

relaxo, 1. I. to loosen, widen, enlarge, relax ; 
alvns turn nstringitux, turn relaxatur, Cic. ; ora 

fontibus, Ov. II. to make slack, to ease, to open, 
unfasten. A. Lit., claustra, Ov.; vias et caeca 
Bpiramenta, Verg. B. Fig., to ease, lighten, 

alleviate, assuage, relax; a, gen., (.1) transit., 
continuatioiicin verborutn modo relaxet, Cic. ; 
pater nimis indulgens quidqnid nstrinxi rclaxat, 
loosens the reins which I drew tight, Cic. ; (ristis) 
tristitiam ac severitatem initigat et rclaxat. Cic; 
()3) reflex, and middle, animi cum se ldane corp- 
oris vinculis relaxaverint, shall have freed them- 
selves, Cic. ; simply rolaxare and middle, rclaxari 
= to slacken; (dolor) levis dat intcrvalla et rc- 
laxat, Cic. ; insani quum relaxentnr, when they 
have a Ivcid interval, Cic; b, esp., to relax by 
way of recreation, to lighten, enliven, cheer up ; (a) 
transit., animum, Cic ; (fi) reflex, and middle, 
se ista occupatione, Cic. ; relaxari aniino, Cic. 

relegatio -Onis, f. (1. relego), a banishing, 
banishment, the mildest form of exile from Rome, 
by which the exile preserved his civil rights, Cic 

1. rologo, 1. to send away. I. Lit., 1, 

tauros piocul atque in sola pascua, Verg. ; 2, 
as a punishment, to remove, banish ; fllium ab 
hominibus, Cic. ; aliquem in exsilium, Liv. ; 
relegatus, non cxsul dicor (the relegatio being the 
mildest form of banishment), Ov. II. Transf., 
a, to remove far away; terris gens relegata 
ttltimis, Cic. ; b, to reject ; Samnitium dona, Cic. 

2. relego -10gi -lee turn, 3. I. to gather vp, 
collect again. A. Lit., lilo relecto, Ov. B. 
Transf., to travel, sail through, traverse again ; 
Hellespontiaeas aquas, Ov. II. to go over 
again; a, to read over again; Trojani belli 
scriptorem, Hot. ; scripta, Ov. ; b, to talk over ; 
suos Bennone labores, Ov. 

relentesco, 3. to become languid, feeble aga in ; 
amor, Ov. 

relevo, l. I. to lift, raise up again ; e terrn 
corpus, Ov. II. to make light again, to lighten. 
A. Lit., epistolam graviorem pellcctione, Cic; 
relevari longS catenfi, tobe freed from, Ov. B. Fig., 
1, to relieve, free from an evil, to lessen, diminish ; 
communcm casum misericordiii hominum, Cic. ; 
morbum, Cic; 2, to lighten, alleviate, refi 
pectora mero, Ov. ; potius relevare quam cast.'- 
gare, Cic. ; relevari, to be relieved, refreshed ; 
relevata respublica, Cic. 

relictio -Gnis, f. (relinquo), a leaving, de- 
serting; reipublicae, Cic. 

rellcuus and r61icus = reliquus (q.v.). 

religatio -Onis, f. (rcligo), a tying up, train- 
ing; vitinm, Cic. 

religio (relligio) -6ni», f. (perhaps from 
re-ligo). I. Gen., conscienticustiess, scrupidous- 
ness, conscientious exactness; liac ego religione 
non sum ab hoc conatu repulsus, Cic; nulla 
in jndiciis severitas, nulla religio, Cic; with 
object, send., non nullius officii, privati ofllcii, 
Cic. ; with subject, genit., fides et. religio jndicis, 
Cic II. Esp., respect for what is sacred. A. 
conscientious scruples, respect for conscience ; 

fierturbari religione et mctu, Cic; res in rc- 
igionem alicui vend, is a. matter of conscience 
to, Cic; religio alicui non est, quominiis, etc., a 
'man is not prevented by conscience from, etc., 
Cic. ; in plur., quas religiones, Cic. B. relig 

ling, religious aire ; 1, lit., a, in a good si-use, 
inclita jostitia religioque Xumac Pompilil, Liv. ; 
in plur., hnstis omnium rcligjnnnm, Cic. ; b, in 
a hail sense, superstition; animos multiplex 
religio et pleraque externa ineeasit, Liv. ; 2, 
meton., that which is holy or sacral; a, gen., (a) 
in a good sense, in sacerdotibus tanta ofl'iisa 



oeulis animoque religio, Liv.; (,8) in a bait senSC, 
an insult to religion, sin, curse ; religio Clodiana, 
Cic; b, esp., (a) act., religious obligation; 
tanta religione obstricta tota provincia est, Cic; 
so of an oath, religio jnrisjiirnndi, Cic. ; (/3) 
holiness, sanctity; deoruin, Cic; magistrates 
religione inviolati, Cic; of a place, fani, sacrarii, 
Cic. C. religious worship, the worship of the 
gods, external religion ; 1, lit., religio, id est, 
cultus deoruin, Cic; plur., religiones, religious 
observances; diligentissimns religionum cultor, 
Liv. ; 2, meton.,' an object of worship, holy thing ; 
religio domestica (of a statue), Cic. ; hence, the 
sacred dwelling of a god ; a deoruin religionibus 
demigrare, Cic. (in poets the lirst syllable is 
long, hence written relligio). 

religiose (relllgiose), adv. (religiosus). 
I. conscientiously, scrupulously; testimonium 
dicere, Cic II. piously, religiously ; dcos 
colere, Liv.; religiosissime templum colere, Cic. 

religiosus (relligiosus) -a -um (religio). 
I. conscientious, scrupulous; testis, Cic. II. A. 
religiously scrupulous; civitas, Liv. ; dies, a day 
of evil omen, as the dies Alliensis, Cic. B. a, in 
a good sense, religions, god-fearing, pious ; (a) 
lit., qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum portin- 
crent, diligentei retractarent et tamquam re- 
legerent sunt clicti religiosi, Cic. ; (0) meton., 
holy, sacred; templum sanctum et religiosuni, 
Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, superstitions, Ter. 

religo, 1. I. to tie, fasten behind. A. Lit., 
1, virginem, Ov. ; rite eqnos, Verg. ; trabes 
axitms, Caes. ; aliquem ad curium, Cic. ; funera 
in stipite, Ov. ; funicnlum a puppi, Cic; 2, to 
bifid up the hair ; alicui, for the sake of some, one ; 
flavam coinam, Hor. ; 3, to fasten a boat or ship 
to the bank, to moor; naves ad tcrram, Caes.; 
religata in litore pinus, Ov. B. Transf., quae 
(prudential si extrinsecus religata pendeat, con- 
nected with, Cic. II. to unbind, unfasten, Cat. 

relino -levi -litum, 3. to unseal, open any- 
thing fastened by pitch, etc, Verg., Ter. 

relinquo -llqui dictum, 3. I. to leave be- 
hind, leave. A. Gen., 1, lit., aliquem in Gallia, 
Caes. ; 2, fig., to leave behind ; aculeos in animo 
alicuius, Cic. B. Fsp., 1, of a deceased per- 
son, to leave, leave behind ; a, lit., licredem testa- 
ment* reliquit hunc, Cic. ; so of posthumous 
work, scriptum in Originibns, Cic ; b, fig., 
memoriam, Cic; nonien, Hor. ; 2, to leave over, 
leave to, to let remain ; a, alicui ne palcas quidem 
ex omni fructu, Cic; equitatus partem alicui, 
Caes. ; relinquebatur una per Sequanos via, 
there remained, Caes.; b, fig., populari reipub- 
licae landem, Cic. : spes relinquitur, remains, 
Cic, Caes. ; urbem direptioni ac incendiis, Cic ; 
relinquitur with nt and the subj., Cic, Caes.; 
3, to leave behind in a certain state, to let lie, 
leave; a, lit., aliquem insepultum, Cic; b, 
fig., rem integram, Cic. ; sine imperio tantas 
copias, Caes. II. to abandon, forsake, separate, 
oneself from some one or some.thi » g. A. Gen., 1, 
lit., domum propinquosque, Caes.; 2, fig-, a 
quartana aliquis relinquitur, Cic ; vitam, Verg. ; 
relinquit aliquem animus, Caes.; ab omni hon- 
estate relictus, Cic. B. to desert, abandon, 
leave in the lurch; 1, lit., eqnos. Caes. ;'signa, 
desert, Liv.; 2, fig-, a, to neglect, abandon, let 
go, t'ke ?ii thought for; rein et causam et 
utilitatem eommnnem, Cic. ; agroruni et arniomm 
cultum, Cic; b, esp., (a) In pats ocer, not tn 
notice ; caedes relinquo, libidinea praetereo, Cic; 
(B) to leave unfinished; artem inveniendi to tain, 
Cic; (y) to leave unavenged, unpunished; in- 
I jnrias suas, Cic. 

reliquiae (relliquiae) -arum. f. (reli- 
I quits), remains, relics, remainder, remnant. I, 
I Lit., A, Gen., conjurationis, Cic; Troas 



rel 



470 



rem 



Danaum reliquias, remnant left by the Greeks, 
Verg. B. Esp., a, the fragments of food, rem- 
nants of a feast, Plaut.; fig., vellem me ad cenam 
(the murder of Caesar) invitasses, reliquiarum 
nihil haberes [had not left Antonius alive), Cic ; 
b, the remains of some one dead, carcass; hu- 
manorom corpornm, Tac. ; c, the remains, ashes 
of a corpse burnt on the funeral pyre ; Marii, 
Cic. II. Fig., pristinae fortunae reliquiae 
miserae, Cic. (in poets, to lengthen the that 
syllable, also written relliquiae). 

roliquus (relicus) -a -um (relinquo), that 
whicli is left behind, remaining, left. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., spes, Cic.; subst,, (a) plur., reliqui 
-drain, in. the rest ; with genit., reliqui peditum, 
Li v.; (j3) reliquum -i, n. and reliqua -Orum, 
n. the rest, the remainder; de reliquo, Cic; re- 
liqua belli perficere, Liv. ; esp., reliquum est ut, 
foil, by subj. only, it remains that, Cic. ; re- 
liquum est with inlin., Cic. ; nihil est reliqui, 
nothing remains, Cic. ; reliquum facere, to leave 
remaining ; nullum munus cuique reliquum 
fecisti, thou- hast left no duty unperformed, Cic. ; 
nihil reliqui facere, to leave nothing remaining, 
Cic. B. Esp., 1, t. t. of business language, out- 
standing (of a debt), remaining; pecuniam 
reliquam ad diem solvere, Cic; subst., reli- 
quuni -i, n. and plur., reliqua -drum, n. 
what is outstanding, remaining; quum tanta 
reliqua sunt, Cic; 2, of time, remaining, future ; 
gloria, Cic. ; in reliquum tempus, Cic. II. 
Transf., that which is left of a whole when the part 
is taken away, remaining ; reliqua pars exercitus, 
Caes. ; reliqui omnes, all the rest, Cic 

relligio, relligiosus, etc. = religio, etc. 
(q.v ). 
relliquiae — reliquiae (q.v.). 
reluceo -luxi, 2. to gleam back, to glitter, 
shine, Cic. 

relucesco -luxi, 3. (inchoat. of reluceo), to 
become bright again, begin to shine again; imago 
solis reluxit, 6v. 

reluctor, 1. dep. to strive against, struggle 
against ; draco, Hor. 

remacresco -crfii, 3. to grow thin again, 
Suet. 
remaledico, 3. to revile again, Suet. 
remando, 3. to chew the cud, ruminate, 
Plin. 

1 rcmaneo -manai -mansum, 2. to remain be- 
hind, remain. I. Gen., Romae, Cic; in exercitu, 
Cic; ad urbeni, Cae3.; domi, Cic; apud aliquem, 
Cues. II. Esp., to remain, abide, continue; 1, 
lit., aniini remanent post mortem, Cic. ; 2, to 
remain in a certain condition; pars Integra re- 
manebat, Cic. 
remano, 1. to flow back, Lucr. 
remansio -onis, f. (remaneo), a remaining, 
continuing in one place, Cic. 

remedium -'.i, n. (re and medeor). I. a 
means of healing, a cure, remedy, medicine; 
remedium quoddam habere, Cic. ; remedio quo- 
dam uti, Cic; remedio esse, Cic. II. Transf., a 
means of assistance or relief, a remedy; injuriae 
tuae, Cic ; remedia incommodorum, Cic. ; ad 
magnitudinem frigorum hocsibi remedium com- 
parare, Cic 

remeo, 1. to go bade, come back, return; 
remeat victor, Verg. ; aer, Cic; with ace, nrbes, 
Verg. ; aevum peractum, to live over again, Hor. 

remetior -incnaua sum, 4. to measure over 
again, measure back. I. Gen., astra rite, to 
observe carefully, Verg. II. to go back, Plin. ; 
in pass, meaning, iter retro pari ratione re- 
wensum est, has been traversed, Lucr. 



remex -migis, m. (rcmus and ago), a rower, 
Cic ; collectively = remiges, the crew of rowers, 
Verg. 

Re mi (Rhemi) -drain, m. a people of N. 
Gaul, between the Matrona (Maine) a?i4 the Arona 
(Aisne), whence modern Jlheims; sing., Iecius 
Remus, Caes. 

remigatio -Onis, f. (remigo), a rowing, Cic. 

remiglum -li, n. (remex). I. rowing. A. 
Lit., Ov. II. Melon., A. the oars; a, lit., 
Verg.; b, transf., of the oar-like motion of 
wings, reinigio alarum, Verg. B. the crew of 
rowiirs, the oarsmen, Liv. 
i" remigo, 1. (remex), to row, Cic. 

remigro, 1. to wander back, come back, re- 
turn. I. Lit., in domum suani, Cic. ; Romam, 
Cic. II. Fig., ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut 
ad justitiam remigraret, Cic. 

reminiscor, 3. dep. to call to mind. recoUect, 
remember; absol., '•: quaestoribus reminiscentem 
reconlari, Cic ; with genit., veteris incommodi 
populi Roniani, Caes. ; with ace, eas res, Cic. ; 
with rel. sent., quae tradantur mysteriis, Cic. 

remiscco -miscui -mistum (-mixtum), 2. to 
mix, mix up, mingle; Lydis remixtum carmen 
tibiis, Hor. 

remisse, adv. (remissus). I. loosely ; orati- 
onem non astricte, sed reinissius nuinerosani 
esse oportere, Cic. II. gently, mildly; reinissius 
disputare, Cic. 

remissio -onis, f. (remitto). I. sending back; 
obsidum captivorumque, Liv. II. a letting 
down. A. Lit., 1, a letting fall, lowering; super- 
cilioruin, Cic; 2, letting fall, lowering, sinking ; 
vocis contentiones et remissiones, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, breaking off, interrupting, ceasing; 
morbi, Cic ; usus, Cic ; 2, a remitting ; tributi 
in triennium, Tac. ; 3, remissio animi ; a, re- 
laxation, recreation, Cic; b ; quiet, tranquillity; 
in acerbissima injuria remissio animi ac disso- 
lutio, Cic. ; c, mildness, Cic. 

rimissus -a -um, p. adj. (from remitto), re- 
hixcd, languid. I. Lit, corpora, Cic II. Fig., 

A. In a bad sense, negligent, remiss, inactive; 
animus, Cic ; te remissiorem in petendo, Cic. 

B. In a good sense ; 1, less severe ; ventus re- 
missior, Caes.; frigoraremissiora, Caes.; 2, mild, 
gentle, Cic; 3, cheerful, merry, lively; homo, 
Cic. ; .jocr.s, Cic. 

remitto -ralsi -missum, 3. I. to send back, 
send ; mulieres Romam, Cic. ; obsides alicui, 
Caes. ; nuntiuin, to send a divorce to, Cic. ; so 1, 
to throw back; pila, Caes. ; 2, to give back, re- 
turn ; alicui beneficium, Caes. ; 3, to give back 
from oneself; a, vocem nemora remittunt, echo, 
Verg.; b, to cause, produce ; atramenta remittunt 
labem, Hor. II. to let go back, relax; habenas, 
Cic. ; frena equo, Ov. ; arcum, Hor. ; so 1, to 
let sink down; brachia, Verg.; tunica remlssa, 
Ov. ; 2, to loosen; vincula, Ov.; esp., a, to make 
liquid (again); calor mella liquefacta remittit, 
Verg. ; b, to free; vere remissus ager, freed from 
ice and snow, Ov. ; o, to cause to relax, to relieve, 
release, abate ; spes animos a certamine remisit, 
Liv. ; sc remittcre, to leave off work, refresh one- 
self, Nep. ; cantus remittunt animum, relieve, 
enliven the mind, Cic; reflex., se remittere, or 
sinqily remittere, to abate, become milder, cease; 
quum remiserant dolores, Cic. ; ventus remisit, 
Caes. ; 3, to give free scope to; animi appetitus, 
qui turn remi'tterentur, turn continerentur, Cic ; 
4, to give up, to allow, forego, concede, grant ; 
a, omnia ista concedam et remittain, Cic. ; pro- 
vineiain remitto, cxercitum depono, Cic ; b, to 
renounce some work, punishment, etc, to remit, 
forego, give up; navem in triennium, Cic; 
Erycis tibi terga remitto. mate no use of, Verg.; 



rein 



480 



ran 



fnimicilias suas reipublicae, LiV. ; c, to abate, 
slop ; de celeritate, Cic. ; aliquantum, Cic; aliquid 
de severitate cogendi, Cic. 

rSmollor, 4. dep. to press back, push back, 
wove back ; pondera terrae, Ov- 

remollesco, 3. to become soft again. I. Lit., 
rera remollescit sole. Ov. II. Kg., a, to be 
moved by; precibus, Ov. ; b, to become, effeminate ; 
«a re ad laborem feiendum remolleacere homines, 
Caes. 

rSmoUIo, 4. to make soft again; fig., to 
make effeminate, to weaken ; artus, Ov. 

remdra -ae, f. a delay, hindrance, Plant. 

rcmoramen -Inis, n. (remoror), a delay, Ov. 

remordSo -mordi -morsum, 2. to bite again ; 
fig., to annoy, disquiet, harass; te curaremordet, 
Verg. 

remoror, l. dej>. I. Intransit., to remain 
behind, delay, dally, linger, loiter ; in Italia, Liv. 
II. Transit., to delay, obstruct, hinder; aliquem, 
Cic. ; iter alicuius, Sail. 

remote, adv. (remotus), afar off, at a dis- 
tance ; aliae (stellae) propius a tenia, aliae re- 
motins eadem spatia conlieiunt, Cic. 

remotio -i5nis, f. (reinoveo), a putting away, 
removing ; criminis, repelling, Cic. 

remotus -a -urn, p. adj. (from reinoveo). I. 
Lit., distant, afar off, remote; locus ab arbitria 
remotus, Cic. ; loci remoti a mari, Cic. II. 
Fig., removal from ; a,, free from; ab suspicione 
remotissimus, Cic; a vulgari scientia reinotiora, 
Cic; b, disinclined to, ai'erse from ; ab inani 
laude remotus, Cic. ; c, subst., r<5mota -Orum, 
n. = anoTTporryiieva, of the Stoics, things to be 
rejected, Cic. 

r&mdvSo -mOvi -mOtum, 2. to move bad-, 
remove, take away, put away; peeora, Caes.; 
arbiti09, Cic. ; aliquid ex oratione, Cic. ; aliquid 
Ue medio, Cic. ; aliquid ab oculis, Cic. ; eqnos 
ex conspectn, Caes. ; nliquem a repnb'.ica, to de- 
prive ,o/ political rights, Cic; aliquem senatn, 
Liv. ; removere se nrtibus, Cic. 

rSmuglo, 4. I. to bellow again, bellow back; 
ad verba alicuius, Ov. II. Transf., toroar back, 
resound, echo; vox assensu nemoraiu ingeminata 
remugit, Verg. 

remulceo -miilsi -mulsum, 2. to stroke back; 
caudam, Verg. 

r^mulcum -i, n. (pv^ovAKe'w, for pvnw H\ku>), 
a tow-rope, towing cable; navem remulco adduc- 
ere, Caes. 

R6mulus -i, m. I. a king in Alba, Ov. II. 
the name of a hero, Verg. 

remuneratio -onis, f. (r mnneror), a re- 
compense, repaying, return; benevolentiue, Cic; 
ofneiorum, Cic. 

rSmuneror, 1. dep. to recompense, repay, re- 
ward ; (a) with ace. of pers., aliquem similliino 
munere, Cic ; aliquem magno praemio, Caes. 
(fl) with are. of thing, benellcia alicuius ofllciis, 
Cic. ; (y) absol., in accipiendo remunerandoque, 
Cic. 

Rcmurla = Lemuria, v. Lemures. 

reaiurmuro, 1. to murmur against, murmur 
hack ; nee fracta remurinurat unda, Verg. 

1. remus -i, m. (fpeT/uds), an oar. I. A. 
Lit., naviginm remis incitare, Caes.; prov., 
remis veniisque, or ventis remis, by oars and 
sails, by all means in our power; res velis, ut 
alunt, remisque fugienda, Cic. B. Fig., ora- 
tlonem dialecticorum remis propellere, Cic. II. 
Transf., remi, the hands and feet of a person 
swimming, Ov. ; of the wings of a bird, alarum 
remis, Ov. 



2. RSmus -i, m. the twin brother of llomuhis, 
first king of Rome, who slew him in u dispute 
respecting the foundation of the city. 

3. Remus, v. Remi. 

renarro, 1. to relate again ; fata divuin, 
Verg. 

ronascor -natus sum, 3. dep. to be bom 
again, ((rise, grui<- again. I. Lit., pinnae renasc- 
untur, Cic. II. Transf., a, of conci'., ab 
secunda origine velut ab stirpibus laetius feraei- 
usque renata urbs, Liv. ; b, of al.str., bellum 
istuc renatum, Cic. 

rSnavigo, 1. to sail back; in liaec regna, 
Cic. 

reneo, 2. to unspin, unravel that which has 
been spun ; dolent fila reneri, that the destiny is 
reversed, Ov. 

renes -urn and -ium, m. the kidneys, Cic. 

renldCO, 2. I. to shine, gleam, back, to 
glitter, be bright, to shimmer; pma nocturno 
renidet lima mari, Hor.; non ebur neque aureutn 
mea renidet in donio lacunar, Hor. II. Mcton., 
to beam with joy, be joyful, cheerful, to Uiugh, and 
in a bad sense to laugh scornfully, to grin ; homo 
renidens, Liv. ; adjecisse jiraedani torquibus 
exiguis renidet, Hor. 

renidesco, 3. (renideo), to glitter, Luer. 

rSnitor, 3. dep. to oppose, withstand, resist, 
Liv. 

1. reno, 1. to swim back, Hor. 

2. reno (rheno) -5llis, m. an animal oj 
northern Europe, perhaps the reindeer, Caes. 

r£nodo, 1. to unbind, untie ; comani, Hor. 

renovamen -Inis, n. (renovo), a reneival, 
new condition, Ov. 

renovatlo -onis, f. (renovo), « renewing, 
renewal, renovation. I. Lit., inundi, Cic; esp., 
renovatio singulorum annorum, compound in- 
terest, Cic. II. Transf., renovatio timoris, Cic. 

rSnSvo, 1. to renew, renovate, restore. I. 
Lit., templum, Cic. ; agrum aratro, to plough 
land that has been left fallow for some time, Ov. ; 
esp., fenus in singnlos annos, to reckon com- 
pound interest, Cic. ; eentesimae quotannis re- 
nova tae, Cic. II. Transf., a, to renew; scelus 
suum illud pristinum, Cic. ; bellum, Caes. ; ex 
morbo velut renovatus llos jnventae, Liv. ; 
animos a<l odium renovare, to inflame afresh to, 
Cic. ; b, to renew in. thought or words, to repeat, 
recall ; renovabo illud quod initio dixi, Cic. ; c, 
to refresh, restore, renew in strength ; reficere et 
renovare rempublicain, Cic. 

renumero, l. to count over, pay, pay back, 
repay, Plant. 

renuntiatlo -onis, f. (renuntio), a. proclama- 
tion, declaration, public announcement ; with 
subject, genit., eius, Cic; with object, genit., 
sull'ragiorum, Cic. 

rSnuntio (renuncio), l. I. to bring bach 
word, report, announce; a, gen. with ace, with 
de and the abl., with ace and inlin., with a depend. 
rel. sent., asaentior renuntioque vobis nihil 
esse quod, etc, Cic. ; rennntiatuni est de obitu 
Tulliae filiae tuae, I was informed, up. Cic; b, 
to make an official announcement or declaration, 
to report; aliquid ad senatum, Cic. ; c, to make 
a thing publicly known, to announce, e.g., the 
election of a consul, etc., to proclaim; with 
double ace, L. Murenaui consnlem, Cic. ; or in 
pass, with double noin., sacerdos Climachias 
renuntiatus est, Cic. II. to disclaim, refuse, re- 
nounce ; amicitiam nlieui, Liv.; hospitium alicui, 
Cic. ; deeisionem tutoribns, Cic. 

renuntius -li, in. one who brings back word, 
a reporter, Plaut. 



ren 



491 



rep 



rcniio -nui, 3. to deny by a motion of the head, 
to re/ate, deny, disapprove, reject; renuit negi- 
tatque Sabellus, Hor. ; with dat, lmic decern 
millium crimini, to deny, Cic; with ace, nullum 
convivium, to decline, Cic. 

renuto, 1. (intens. of renuo), to refuse, deny, 
decline, Lucr. 

renutus, abl. -Q, m. (renuo), a denial, re- 
fusal, Plin. 

rSor, ratua sum, 2. dep. (root RE, Or, PE-cu, 
1 say), to think, be of opinion, suppose, judge ; (a), 
with ace. and intin. or with intln. alone, rentur 
eo3 esse, quales se ipsi velint, Cic. ; rebantur 
enim fore ut, etc., Cic. ; (j3) with double ace, alii 
rem ineredibilcm rati, Ball. ; (y) absol., reor in 
parenthesis, nam, reor, uullus posset esso ju- 
cundior, Cic. 

repagula -orum, n. (repango). I. the barrier 
in a circus or racecourse to keep in the horses, Ov. 
II. the bars or bolts fastening a door; convulsis 
repngulis, Cic; iig., omnia repagula pudoria 
omciique perfringere, restraints, limits, Cic. 

repandus -a -urn, bent backwards, turned 
%ip ; calcooli, Cic. 

rcparabilis -e (reparo), that can be repaired 
or restored ; damnum, Ov. 

rSparco (reperco), 3. to spare, refrain 
from, abstain from; id facere, Lucr. 

reparo, 1. I. to prepare anew, repair, re- 
store, renew. A. Gen., perdere videbatur, quod 
repararo posset, Cic. ; vires, Ov. ; tribunic- 
iain potestatem, Liv. B. Esp., to fill up, com- 
plete ; exercitum, Liv. ; damna caelestia lunae, 
Hor. ; cornua (of the moon), Ov. II. to barter 
for, purchase with; viua Syri reparata merce, 
Hor. 

repastlnatio -onia, f. (repastino), a digging 
up again, Cic. ,- 

repastino, 1. to dig, trench, delve again, 
Plin. 

repecto -pexua, 3. to comb again; coma 
repexa, Ov. 
r&pedo, 1. (pes), to go back, retreat, Lucr. 
repello, r£puli (reppuli) -pulsum, 3. I. to 
drive back, drive away. A. Lit., homines a 
templi aditu, Cic. ; aliquem ex urbe, Cic. ; hoates 
in silvas, Caes. B. Fig., to drive away, banish, 
repel; vim vi, Cic. ; dolorem a se, Cic. ; aliquem 
a spe, deprive of hope, Caes. II. to push back, 
repulse. A. Lit., repagula, Ov. ; aliquem a 
geuibua, Cic. ; tellurem (sc. a niari), to sail aivay 
from, Ov. ; amnes Oceani pede repellere, to 
spurn (of a star rising from the sea), Verg. B. 
Fig., 1, criminationea, to refute, Cic. ; 2, to 
spurn, scorn, repel ; connubia, Verg. ; preces, 
Ov. ; repulsi sunt ii, quos, etc., Cic. 

rependo -pendi -pensum, 3. I. to weigh 
back again ; pnnsa, to return an equal weight of, 
Ov. II. to weigh against. A. Lit., 1, anruin 
pro capite, Cic; 2. to ransom; miles auro re- 
pensus, Hor. B. Transf., to repay, recompense, 
requite, ; gratiam, Ov. ; si magna rependam, 
Verg. ; protium vitae, Prop. ; damna formao 
ingenio, make up for, Ov. 

repens -entis (pen-id, i.e., vergo). I. sudden, 
■unexpected; adventus, Cic; adv., repens alia 
nuntiatur clades, Liv. II. (In Tacitus only), 
new, fresh, recent; perfldia, Tac. 

repenso, 1. (intens. of rependo), to repay, re- 
quite, recompense, make up for, Sen. 

repente, adv. (repens), suddenly, unex- 
pectedly, Cic. 

repentinus -a -um (repens), sudden, un- 
looked for, unexpected; amor, Cic; adventus, 
Caes. ; venenum, quick-working, Tac. ; ignoti 

16 



homines et repentini, upstarts, Cic. Bfence, 
adv., repentino, suddenly, unexpectedly, Cic 

repercussio -onis, f. (repercutio), a rebound- 
ing, Sen. 

repercussus -Da, ni. (repercutio), arebound- 
ing, reverberation (of sound, etc.), echo, reflec- 
tion; quo pleuior et gravior vox rcpercussu in- 
tumescat, Tac 

repercutio -cussi -cussum, 3. to strike back, 
drive back, cause to rebound (of sound, etc.): • 
discus repercussus in aiira, Ov. ; esp., pass., . ; 
repercutl, to bound back, and repercussus, bound- J 
ing back ; a, of sound, to re-echo ; valles reper- 
cussao (clamoribus), Liv. ; b, of light, to be re- 
flected ; lumen aquae sole repercussuin, Verg. 

reperio, rfipfiri (reppSri) -pertum (re and 
PER-io, cf. comperio), 4. to find, meet again. I. 
Lit, mortui sunt repertl, Cie. II. Fig., A. 1, 
to reveal, discover, ascertain, find out; causas 
duas, Cic ; neque reperire poterat quanta esset, 
etc., Caea. ; in pass, with double liom., to be 
found out — to appear ; Stoici inopes reperiuntur, 
Cic. ; improbus reperiebare, Cic. ; with ace. and 
int\n.=to find out, as stated in history ; quern 
Tarentum venl8sc L. Camillo Appio Claudio con- 
sulibua reperio, Liv ; in pass, witli nom. and 
infln., in Italiae partes Pythagoraa venisse re- 
peritur, Cic; 2, to find, acquire, gain; sibi 
salutem, Caea. ; uomen ex invontore, Cic. B. 
to find out something new, discover, invent ; nihil 
novi, Cic. ; viam qui, etc., Cic. 

repertor -Oris, m. (reperio), a discoverer, in- 
ventor ; medicinae, Verg. ; hominum rerumque, 
Jupiter, Verg. 
ropertus -a -um, partic. of reperio. 
repStontia -ae, f. (rcpeto), a recollection, 
remembrance, Lucr. (?) .. , 

repetitio -Onia, f. (repeto), repetition; a, 
eiusdem verb! crebra repetitio, Cic ; b, as a 
figure of speeeh — avafyopi, the repetition of the 
same word at the beginning of several sentences, 
Cic. 

repStitor -5ria, m. (repeto), one who reclaims 
ov demands back again; nuptae adeinptae, Cic. 

repeto -ivi and -Ii -itum, 3. I. to strive after 
again. A. to attack again, fall upon again; 
rogein repetitum saepius cuspide, Liv. B. to go 
to again, turn to again, return to ; castra, Cic ; 
retro in Asiam, Liv. II. Transf., A. to ask 
back or again; 1, to ask again or anew, ask for ; 
Galium ab eodem repetit, Caes. ; 2, to ask back, 
demand back; promissa, Cic. ; Salaminii Homer- 
um repetunt, claim as their countryman, Cic; 
peeunias ercptas, Cic; esp., a, res repetere, to 
demand satisfaction of an enemy (used of the 
Fetiales), Cic; b, todemand back again,; res, t*> 
demand nie's own property from a legal tribunal, 
Cic. ; pecuniae repetundae, or simply repe- 
tundae, money extorted from the provinces by their 
governors; meton., extortion; lex repetundarum 
pecuniarum, de pecuniis repetundis, law against 
extortion, Cic. ; 3, to demand as one's right ; jus 
suum, Cic. ; rationemab aliquo, Cic. B. to fitch 
back; 1, a, to fetch a fresh ; alii(elephanti)repetiti 
ac trajecti suut, Liv. ; b, to renew, begin again ; 
pugnam, Liv. ; studia, Caes. ; partic, repetitus, 
poet., as an adv. = anew, afresh; repetita 
robora caedit, Ov. ; c, to think over again, recall, 
remember ; rei memoriam, Cic; 2, to repeat by 
words or writing ; repete quae coepisti, Cic. ; 

3, to trace back from antiquity, deduce, fetch; 
originem domus, Verg.; aliquid alte, et a capite, 
Cic. ; haec tarn longe repetita principia, Cic. ; 

4, to regain, recover; libertatem, Liv.; 5, to 
reckon again; repetitis et enumerates diebus, 
Caes. 

repctundae, v. repeto. i , 



rep 



482 



v&p 



repled -plSvi -pletum, 2. to fill again, fill 
up. X. Lit, exhaustas clomos, complete, make 
qood, Cic. ; eonsumpta, Cic ; exercitura, Liv. 
II. to make fall, fill, satisfy. A. corpora carne, 
Ov. ; exercituin frumento, supply with, Cacs. ; 

fig., repleriscientiS juris, Cic. ;lience, ropletus 
-a -um, filled, full; lit. and fig., tenipla, Cic. 
B. to infect ; ut curantes eftdem vi morbi repletos 
sccum traherent, Liv. 
repletus -a -um, partlc of repleo (q.v.). 

replicatio -Onis, f. (replico), a rolling again, 
rolling round; ut replicatione quSdam mundi 
inotum regat atque tueatur, Cic 

replico, 1. to fold back, unroll ; fig., tounfold, 
unroll, turn over; memoriam temporutn, Cic. ; 
meraoriam annalium, Cic. ; temporia primum 
quidque replicans, Cic. 

repo.repsi.reptum, 3. (root REP, Gr. EPIT ), 
to creep, crawl; 1, lit., cochleae inter saxa re- 
pentes, Sail.; 2, transf., of slow travellers, II or.; 
of clouds, Lucr. ; fire, Liter. ; 3, fig., sermones 
repentes per liunium, a vulgar, prosaic style, 
Hor. 

repono -poafli -pOsItum (-postum), 3. I. to 
place back, put behind ; 1, cerviceni, to bend back, 
Lucr. ; 2, to lay up in store, lay by, preserve ; pec- 
uniam in thesauris, Liv.; arma, Caes. ; fig., haec 
sensibus imis reponas, impress deep in, Verg. ; 
3, to lay aside, put on cne side; tela, Ov.; fac- 
ieinque deae vestetnqne, Verg. ; falcein arbusta 
reponunt, make unnecessary, Verg.; transf., to 
give up; caestum artemqne, Verg. ; 4, to bury, 
lay in the earth.; tellure repostos, Verg. II. to 
place a thing back in its former place, put back, 
restore ; 1, columnas, Cic. ; lapidem suo loco, 
Cic. ; se in cubitum, recline at table again, begin 
to eat, Hor. ; 2, to place on the table again; plena 
pocula, Verg. ; 3, to restore a thing to its former 
conditioyi ; robora flaramisambesa, Verg. ; lience, 
to restore a pmon; aliquem in sceptra, Verg.; 4, 
to bring on theboardsagain, represent again ; i'ahnl- 
am, Hot, III. to place one thing against another, 
in the place of another ; 1, to put in theplaceof; te 
meas epistolas delere, ut reponas trots, Cic. ; 2, 
to ansicer again ; ne tibi ego idem reponam, 
Cic. ; 3, to requite, return ; haec pro vlrginitate 
reponit, Verg. IV. tn place in or on; 1, lit., 
quae sacra quaedam moro Atheniensium vir- 
ginum rcposita in capitibus sustinebant, Cic. ; 
2, transf., a, sidera in numero deoruni, Cic. ; 
b, to pkice, cause to rest ; spent in virtute, Caes.; 
causam totain iu judicum liumanitate, Cic. 

reporto, 1. to bear back, bring back, carry 
back. I. Lit., A- exercituin Britannia, Cic; 
militcs navibus in Siciliam, Caes. B. to bring 
back, to bring back home, as victor, nihil ex 
praeda domum, Cic. ; victoriam, non pacem 
domum, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to bring back, de- 
liver ; adytis haec trlstia dicta, Verg.; 2, to 
bring to a person ; alieui solatium aliquod, Cic 

reposeo, 3. I. to ask back again, demand 
back; anna, Ov. ; alter a we Catilinam, alter 
Cethegunt reposcebat, Cic. ; with double ace, to 
ask back something from a person ; aliquem simul- 
acrum, Cic. ; Partltos signa, Verg. II. to de- 
mand as a right, claim: regent ad supplicium, 
Verg.; ab aliquo rationem vltae, Cic; with 
double ace, quos i 11 i poenas {asa punishment) 
rcposcent, verg. 

reposltorlum -li, n. (repono), a tray, waiter, 
stand, PUn. 

reposttus (rSpostus) -a -tun. I. Pnrtic. 

of repono. II. P. adj., remote, distant; terr.ie 
repostae, Verg. 

repostor -Oris, m. (repono). a restorer; tern- 
plorum, Ov. 



repotia -Orum, n. (re and poto), a drink* 
ino, revelling the day after an entertainment, 
Hon 

repraesentatio -onis, f. (repraesento). L 
a representation, a lively description, Plin. II. 
payment in cash, Cic. 

repraesento, 1. I, to represent, make pre- 
sent to the imagination, bring before the viind, 
show, make manifest ; a, quod ipsum teniplum 
repraesentabat memoriam consulates mei, Cic. ; 
b , to express, imitate ; virtutem moresque Catonis, 
Hor. II. to perform immediately, hasten ; a, 
se repraesentaturum id, etc, Caes. ; niedicinam, 
use directly, Cic. ; diem promissorum, Cic ; si 
repraescntari morte mea libertas civltatis pos3et, 
brought about at once, Cic. ; b, esp. t. t. of com- 
mercial language, to pay cash, pay ready money ; 
pecuniam, Cic. 

reprehendo -prShendi -prghensum, 3. and 

reprendo -prendi -piensum, 3. to catch, to 

hold back,' to seize, hold fast, detain. I. Lit., 
quosilam nianu, Liv , fig., revocnt virtus vel 
potius reptehendit tnanu, Cic. II. Fig. A. 
Gen., genus pecuniae, Cic B. Esp., 1, to blame, 
censure, reprove, reprehend; aliquem, Cic; ali- 
quem in eo quod, etc, Cic ; id in mereprehendis, 
Cic ; 2, rhet. t. t., to refute, Cic 

reprehensio -onis, f. (reprehendo). I. a 
holding back ; lig., a stopping eir check in speaking ; 
sine reprehensione, Cic. II. Esp., 1, blame, 
censure, reprehension ; cnlpae, vitae, Cic; plur., 
Cic ; 2, rhet. f. t., a refuting, refutation, Cic. 

rcprehenso, 1. (freq. of reprehendo), to 
hold back eagerly, to holdfast; singulos, Liv. 

reprShcnsor -Oris, m. (reprehendo). I. 

a eensurer, reprover, Cic. II. an improver, re- 
former ; comitioi'um, Cic. 

repressor -oris, m. (rcprimo), a represser 
rcstrainer; caedis quotidianao, Cic. 

reprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (re and premo), 
to hold back, restrain, hinder, repress. I, Lit., 
lacum Albanum, Cic. ; dextram, Verg. ; retro 
pedein, Verg. ; represso jam Lucterio ac remoto 
(in battle), Caes. ;(Mithridatem)repressum magna 
ex parte, non opprcssnm, Cic. II. Fig., to keep 
under, check, curb, restrain, repress ; a, of things, 
furorem exsultaiitcm, Cic. ; animi incitationetn 
atque alacritatem, Caes. ; conatusalicuius, Cic. ; 
b. of persons as objects, se, to restrain oneself, 
Cic ; coneitatam liiultitudincm, Cic. 

reprobo, 1. to disapprove, Cic.(?) 

repromisslo -onis, f. (repromitto), a coun- 
ter-promise, Cic. 

repromitto -mlsi -mlssum, 3. to make it, 
counter-promise, to promise in return, Cic. 

reptatio -Onis, f. (repto), a creeping, crawl- 
ing, Qui nt. 

reptatus -us, m. (repto), a creeping (of 
plants), Plin. 

repto, 1. (intens. of repo), to creep, crawl, 
applied to slow walkers or travellers, Hor. 

rcpiidlatio -Onis, f. (repudio), a refused, re- 
jecting, disdaining; suppllcum, Cic. 

repudio, 1. (repudium). I. to refuse, reject, 
disdain ; cuius vote et precesa vestris mentibus 
repudiare debetia, Cic ; pacem, Cic. ; condition- 
em aequissimam, Cic. II. Esp. of married or be- 
trothed persons, to repudiate, divorce, separate 
oneself from ; oxorem, Suet. 

repudium ii, n. (re and pes, as tripudium 
from terra and pes), a separation betioeenmarrted 
or betrothed persons, repudiation, divorce; alieui 
repudium rrmin'iare, or remittere, to s'iu! a 
divorce to, Plant. ; repudium dicere, Tac 



rep « 

repuerasco, 3. to hecome a boy again, to 

Sport, frolic like a child, Cic 

repugnans, p. adj. (from repugno), con- 
trary, opposed; subst., repugnantla -Inm,n. 

contradictory things, Cic. 

repUgnantOT,adv.(repugnans),u»KiiKinfll2/, 
with repugnance, Cic. 

repugnantia -ae, f. (repugno). I. resist- 
ance., means of resistance; natura banc dedit re- 
pugnantiamapibus, Plin. II. Fig., a contrariety, 
discordance (opp. concordia); rerum, Cic. 
1 repugno, 1. to oppose, resist, withstand. I. 
Lit., uostri priiuo fortiter repugnare, Caes. II. 
Trans)'., A. Gen., to be opposed to, to oppose, re- 
sist ; contra veritatem, Caes. ; quum hnic (cupid- 
itati) obseoutus sis, illi est repugnandura, Cic. ; 
non repugno, foil, by quominus and sub.j., Cic. 
B. Esp., to be naturally opposed or repugnant to, 
to be inconsistent with, incompatible with; simul- 
atio amicitiae repugnat maxiine, Cic. ; haec inter 
se quam repngncnt, plerique non vident, Cic. 

repulliilo, 1. to sprout out again, Plin. 

repulsa -ae, f. (repello). I. a repulse in 
soliciting a u office, a rejection ; repulsa ccnsulatus, 
Cic. ; aedilicia, Cic. ; a pnpulo repulsam ferre, 
oraccipere, Cic. II. Transf., a denial, refusal; 
amor ereseit dolore repulsae, Ov. 

repulso, 1. (intens. of repello), to beat back: 
I. colles verba repulsantes, echoing, Luer. II. 
to repel again and again; vera rcpulsaus pectus 
verba, Lucr. 

1. repulsus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. 
(repello), removed; quod proc.ul a vera nimis 
est rationo repulsum, Lucr. 

2. repulsus -us, in. (repello), a striking bad:, 
hence, the reflection of light, echoing of sound ; 
durioris materiae, resistance, Cic. 

repuiuioatio -Onis, f. (re and pumico), a 
rubbing down again, repolishing, Plin. 

repungo, 3. to prick again, goad again; fig., 
leviter illorum animos, Cic. 

repurgo, 1. to cleanse again. I. A. Lit., 
iter, Liv. ; humuni saxia, Ov. B. Transf., 
caelum, Ov. II. Meton., to clear away, purge 
out ; quieqnid in Aenea fuerat mortale repurgat, 
Ov. 

rcputat'io -5nis, f. (reputo), a consideration, 
reflecting -upon, pondering, Tac. 

reputo, 1. I. to reckon, count, compute; ex 
hoc. die superlores solis defectiones usque ad 
illam quae, etc., Cic. II. Transf., to think over, 
consider, ponder ; liorum nihil nmquam, Cic. ; 
with ace. and infm., cum tibi nihil merito ac- 
cidisse reputabis, Cic. ; with depend, interrog. 
sent., quid ille vellet, Cic. 

requies -etis, f. rest, repose. I. Lit., non 
labor meus, non requies, Cic; curarum, Cic; 
animi et corporis, Cic. II. Meton., a resting- 
place. Hor. (dat. not used, ace, requietem and 
requiem, Cic; abl., requiete, Cic. poet.; ro- 
quie, Ov.). 

requiesco -qulevi -quIStum, 3. to rest, re- 
pose. I. Lit., A. Gen., 1, of persons, in sella, 
Cic ; sub umbra, Verg. ; a muncribusreipublicae, 
Cic ; 2, of things, vixdiwn requiesse aures n 
atrepitu 'et tumultu hostili, Liv. ; requiescit 
vitis in ulmo, rests upon, is supported by, Cic. 
B. Esp., 1, to rest, to sleep ; leeto, Prop.; 2, to 
rest in the grave ; in sepulehro requiescere mort- 
uum, Cic II. Transf., to repose, find rest; 
animus ex multis miseriis atque periculis re- 
quievit, Sail. ; in spe huins, Cic. (syncop. perf. 
fornf, rcquierunt, Verg. ; requiesse, Cic). 

requiotus -a -um, p. adj. (from requiesco), 
rested, refreshed; miles, Liv. ; ager, fallow, Ov. 



3 re9 

requiritd, 1. (intens. of require), to inqUiit 
after, Plant. 

rfiqulro-qulsivi -quisltum, 3. (re and quaerrt). 
I. to seek, search for again. A. Lit., libros, Cic. 
B. Transf., 1, to miss, need, feci the. want of; 
majorum pruaentiain in aliqu.i re, Cic. ; sub- 
sidia belli, Cic; 2, to demand, to desire, con- 
sider necessary; virtus nullam voluptatem re- 
quirit, Cic. ; in lioc bello virtutesmultae requir- 
imtur, Cic II. to ask for, inquire after. A. 
Gen., domuin alicuius, Cic; quae a me de 
Vatinio'requiris, Cic; quoniam nihil ex te hi 
majorcs natu requirunt, Cic. ; with depend, te- 
tcrrog., illud quoquo requirit, qua rationo feeeriT, 
Cic. B. to investigate ; rationes, Cic. 

requisitum -i, n. (requiro), need, necessity, 
Sail. 

res, rSi, f. (connected with PE -u, whence 
pjjua), a thing, object, matter, affair, circuvistance. 

I. Gen., diviiiaehuinanaeque res, natura rernm, 
the world, Cic. ; genit, rerun), pleonastic, Acta 
rernm, Hor. ; nbdita reram, Hor. ; rernm, used 
to strengthen a superl., rernm pulcherrima, 
Roma, Verg. ; si res postulabit, if the position oj 
affairs shall require, Cic ; homines nulla, re bona 
digni, good for nothing, Cic. ; re nata, Cic. ; pro 
re, according to circumstances, Liv.; res populi 
Romani perscribere, to narrate the affairs of- the 
Roman people, write the history of Home, Liv. 

II. Esp., A. Emphatic, the thing itself, the real 
thing, the reality; rem opinor spectari oportere,. 
non verba, Cic; lios deos non re, sed opinione 
esse, Cic ; quantum distet argunientatio ab re 
ipsa atque a veritate, Cic. ; et re vera, and 
in truth, Cic B. possessions, property, wealth; 
rem facere, Hor.; atigerc, Cic; plur., privalae 
res, Cic. C. interest, advantage, benefit; con-' 
sulerc suis rebus, Nep. ; in rem suam conyertere, 
Cic; o or ex ro publica (to the advantage of the. 
state) feeisso, Cic ; ducere, Liv. ; ex or e re 
publica est, with ace and infill.',- it is for the 
public bene/it, Cic. ; ex re inea, to my advantage, 
Cic. D. ground, reason, only in the phrases, 
ea (h5c) re, ob earn (banc)" rem, on this ac- 
count, on that account, Cic. E. a matter of busi- 
ness, an affair ; rem cum aliquo transigere, Gic ; 
de tota ilia rationo atque re Gallieana, Cic; 
transf, res (alicui) est cum aliquo, toliave to 
do with; tecum mini res est, T. Rosci, quoniam, 
etc, Cic F. a lawsuit, cause, action ; utrum 
rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. G. res publica, 
and (in histor.) simply res ; a, res publica, the 
republic, the state, commonwealth , government; 
rem publican) snstinere, Cic. ; b, simply refe, 
res Romaua, the Roman slate, Liv. 

resacro, 1. to free from a curse, Nep. 

resaevio, 4. to rage again, Ov. 

resalutatio -onis, f. (resaluto), a greeting in 
return, Suet. 

resaluto, 1. to salute again, return a greet- 
ing to; aliquom, Cic. 

resanesco -saniii, 3. to become sound again. 
to heal again, Ov. 

resarcio -sarsi -sartum, 4. to 'patch again, 
mend again, repair. I. Lit., tccta, Liv. II. 
Fig., to repair, restore; dctriinontum, Cnes. 

rescindo -scidi -scissum, 3. to tear off again, 
tear awau again, cut of, cut away. I. A. Lit, 
vallum ac loricam falcibus, Caes. ; pontem, to 
break away, Caes. ; latobram teli. to cut ope*, 
Verg.; vulnus, to open again, Ov.; and fig., luctus 
obductos, to renew, Ov. B. Meton., hence, to 
open; locum urmatum, Cic. II. Transf., to re- 
scind, repeal, abrogate a law, decree, etc. ; acta 
M. Antonii, Cic. ; totam triennii praeturam, Cic. 

rescisco -scivi and -scli -scitum, 3. to And 
out, ascertain; quum id rescierit, Cic. .. ■ 



res 



484 



rc3 



rescribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to write 
tgain, to write anew; ex eodem milite nova3 
legiones, to enrol again, Liv. II. to write back, 
answer in writing; 1, ad aliquem, Cic. ; alicui, 
Cie. ; 2, littoris, ad litteras, or ad epistolam, 
Cic. ; of the emperor, to answer a petition, or 
inquiry in writing, Suet. ; hence, rescriptum 
•i, n. ait imperial rescript, Tac. III. a, In book- 
keeping, to enter to the credit of an account, to 
pay, rejmy ; rellqua reacribamus, Cic; quod tu 
nuiuquam rescribero (pay again) possis, Hor. ; 
b, to transfer from one class of soldiers la another ; 
ad eqmun, jostingly, with a double meaning, to 
■mala cavalry and to place in the order of knights, 
Caes. 

resSco -sSeui -sectum, 1. to cut of. I. Lit , 
linguam, Cic. ; partem de tcrgore, Ov. II. 
Transf., to cut off, put away, remove; libidinem, 
Cic. ; spem longain, Hor. 

reseoro, 1. (re and sacro), to adjure repeat- 
edly, implore again and again, Plant, (another 
form resaero, q.v.). 

resedo, 1. to heal, assuage, Plin. 

resegmlna -ura, n. (reseco), cuttings, parings, 
Plin. 

rc'sommo, 1. to beget, produce again, Ov. 
resSquor -sScutus (-sgquutus), 3. dep. to 
follov), pursue ; aliquem dictis, to answer, Ov. 

1. rSsero -sfivi, 3. to sow again, set again, 
plant again, Plin. 

2. r5sSro, 1. to unclose, open. I. Lit., A. In 
a narrow senso, to open a door; fores, januam, 
Ov. B. In a wider sense, to open ; poctus, to 
tear open, Ov. II. Transf., A. to open, make 
accessible; Italiam oxterls gentibus, Cic; aures, 
Liv. B. to reveal; augustae oracula mentis, 
Ov. C. to open = to begin ; annum, Ov. 

rfiservo, 1. I, to lay up, keep back, reserve, 
keep ; hoc consilium ad cxtremum, Caes.; inaliinl 
terapus, Caes. ; cetera praesenti aermonl, Cic. 
II. a, to save; omnes, Cic; b, to retain, pre- 
serve; nihil ad slinilitudinem hominis, nothing 
human, Cic. 

rSses -sldls (resideo). I. remaining, sitting, 
staying behind; reseS in urbe plebs, Liv. II. 
motionless, inactive, inert ; oum rosldem tempus 
terere, Liv. ; animus, Verg. 

re'sidoo -s5di -sessum, 2. (re and sedeo), to 
remain sitting, to abide, stay. I. Lit. , a, re- 
stdeamus, let us sit doum, Cic. ; In equo, Ov. ; in 
republica, Cic. ; b, to celebrate, a festival or 
holiday ; denieales, quae a nece appellatae sunt, 
quia residentur mnrtuis, kept in honour of the 
(lead, Cic. II. Transf., in corpora nullum 
resideresensuin. Cic; resldet spos in tuavirtute, 
depends upon, Cic. ; cuius culpa non niagis in te 
resodit, Cic. 

rfisido -nSdl -sessum, 3. I. to sit down, 
place oneself ; a, to sit down to rest, Cic; mediis 
aedibus, Verg. ; b, to settle ; Blcuiia arvis, Verg.; 
C, to stay in a place, remain; in villa, Cic. ; in 
oppido aliqno, Cic. II. Of inanimate things, 
to sink down, settle. A. Gen., 1, lit., si montos 
resedlssent, Cic. ; 2, fig., a, to sink, to settle down, 
abate, grow quiet; mens resedit, Caes.; cum 
tumor animi resodisset, Cic. ; b, to become tired, 
to be weary, exhausted ; longiore certamlno sensim 
residere Hainnitium animus, Liv. B. to sink 
down = to draw back, withdraw; a, lit., maria 
in 86 ipsa residant, Verg.; b, fig., sex mihi 
eurgat opus numeris, in quinque residat, inter- 
change hexameter and pentameter, Ov. 

reslduus -a -um (resideo), remaining, left 
behind, outstanding ; odium, Cic; simuIatio.Liv.; 
pecuniae, Cic. ; subst., residuum -i, n. that 
which remains, the remainder, residue, rest, Cic. 



rSslgno, l. I. to unseal, open. A. Lit., 
literas, Cic. ; testamenta, Hor. B. Fig., 1, te 
\open=lo reveal; venientia fata, Ov. ; 2, to 
] cancel, annul, destroy ; omnem tabularuin tidem, 
Cic. ; 3, to release, free; lumina morte resignat 
(Mercurius), releases from death, Verg. l£ to 
enter from one accou)it-book into another, to give 
back, resign; cuncta, Ilor. ; quae dedit, Hor. 

resilio -slliii -sultum, 4. (re and salio), to 
leap back, spring back; in gelldos lacus, Ov. ; ad 
manipulos, Liv. I. Of inanimate things, to 
spring back, rebound ; resilit grando a culmine 
tecti, Ov. ; tig., nbi scopulum offendis eiusmodi, 
ut non modo ab hoc crimen resilire videas, 
verum etiatn, etc., Cic. II. Transf., to contract, 
diminish; in spatium breve, Ov. 

rcsimus -a -um, bent backwards, turned vp ; 
nares, Ov. 

resina -ae, f. (pnrivn), resin, Plin. 

resinaceus -a -um (resina), resinous, Plin. 

resinatus -a -um (resina). I. flavoured with 
resin; villain, Mart. II. snuared ivith resin; 
juventus (to take hairs oflfthe skin), Juv. 

resinosua -a -um (resina), full of resin, 
resinous, Plin. 

rSsrpio, 3. (re and saplo), to have, a smack, 
taste, flavour of anything. I. Lit., Plin. II. 
Fig., Epicurus minime resipiens putriam, with 
no trace of the wit of his country, i.e., Allien*, 
Cic. 

rSsipiscO -sTpdi and -sipli, also -siplvl, 3. 
(resipio). I. to recover one's senses, come to one- 
self again (from fainting, etc.), Cic. II. to become 
rational again, come to one's right mind, Cic. 
(syncop. perf., reslpissct, Cic). 

rSsistO -stlti, 3. I. to remain standing. A. 

a, in a position of rest, to remain, continue; ibi, 
Caes. ; Romae, Cic. ; b, after motion, to stand 
still, halt, Caes. ; virtus resistet extra foros 
carceris, Cic ; negabat so umquam cum Curione 
restitissc, had stopped to talk, Cic. B. Transf., a, 
of iliscourse, sed ego in hoc resisto, stop here, Cic'.; 

b, to recover a footing, get to one's feet again ; nbi 
laps! rosistamus, Cic. II. to resist, oppose, with- 
stand. A. Physically, a, of persons, hostibus, 
Caes. ; vl contra vim, Liv. ; b, of things, quae 
nunc immotao perstant ventisque resist nut, 
Ov. ; c, morally, dolori fortitor, Cic; lacrimis 
ct prccibus, Cic. ; resistere et pugnaro contra 
veritatem, Cic. ; impers., omnibus his resistitnr, 
Caos.; foil, byneand tliesubj., ne sibistatua pon- 
eretur, restitit, Nop.; foil, by quin and the subj., 
vix deonun opibus, quiu obruatur Romana res, 
resist i potest, Liv. ; cul nulls vi resisti potest, 
foil, by quo socius and subj., Cic. ; absol., restitit 
et pervicit Cato, Cic 

r&sdlutus -a -um, p. adj. (from resolvo), 
relaxed, effeminate, Mart. 

r&SOlvo -solvi -solutum, 3. to unbind, untie, 
b'ose, loosen, open. I. A. vestes, Ov. ; equos, tu 
unyoke, Ov.; puella resoluta capillos, with di- 
shevelled hair, Ov. B. Transf., 1, gleba se 
resolvit, becomes loose, Verg. ; Cerberus innnania 
terga resolvit fustis humi, stretches out in sleep, 
Verg. ; 2, to open; litteras, Liv.; fauces in verba, 
Ov. ; 3, to melt; ignis aurum resolvit, Lucr. ; 
nivem.Ov.; 4, to drive away, dissipate ; tenebras, 
Verg. ; nebulas, Ov. II. Fig., 1, to end ; curas, 
Verg. ; litem lite, Hor. ; 2, to dissolve, to relax 
physically, weaken, make, languid; ut jacui totis 
resoluta medullis, Ov. ; 3, to abolish, destroy ; 
jura pudoris Verg. ; 4, to free; te piacula nulla 
resolvent, Hor.; 5, to unravel, reveal; dolos 
tecti (Labyrinthi) ambagesque, Verg. ; 6, to pay, 
Plant,. Cic 

rSsonabllis -e (resono), resounding, echoing, 
Ov. 



res 



485 



res 



resono -sJSniti and -s&navi, 1. I. Iutransit. 

A. to give back an echo, to resound, echo; aedes 
plangoribua resonant, Verg.; reaonaua thoatruui, 

Cic. ; glori.i virtuti resonat, is an echo of, Cic. 

B, to sound again and ag<tin, to resound ; uervoa 
resonare, Cic. ; resonant avibus virgulta, Verg. 
II. Transf., A. to re-echo, repeat; doces silvas 
resonave Amaryllida, Verg. ; umbrae resonarent 
triste et aoutuin, Hor.; in pass., in fidibus 
testndinc renonatnr (sonus), Cic. B. to Jill with 
sound; lucos cantu, Verg. 

resonus -a -um (resono), resounding, echo- 
ing ; voces, Ov. 

rcsorbco, 2. to swallow, suck in, absorb 
again ; Ductus, Ov. 

respecto, 1. (intens. of respicio). I. to look 
eagerly back, look about for. A. Lit., respectare 
ad tribunal, Liv. ; with ace, arcem Roinanam, 
Liv. B. Transf., verum liaec ita praeteieamus, 
ut taineu intuentes et respectantes relinquamus, 
Cic. ; with ace, si qua pios respectant nmnina, 
have regard for, Cic. IL Meton., to look for, 
expect ; par niunus ab aliquo, Cic. 

respectus -us, m. (respicio). I. a looking 
back, looking around one. A. Lit., sine respectu 
fugere, Liv. ; iucendiorum, looking back upon, 
Cic. B. Transf., care, regard, respect, considera- 
tion towards; Bomauorum maxime respectus 
civitates movit, Liv. ; sine respectu majestatis, 
Liv. II. Meton., a place of refuge, a retreat; 
quum respectum ad senatum non haberet, Cic. 

respergo -spersl -spersuin, 3. (re and 
spargo), to besprhikle, sprinkle over; manus 
sanguine, Cic. ; aliquem cruore, Liv. ; llg., 
servili probro rcspergl, Tac 

resperslo -onis, f. (respergo), a sprinkling 
over, besprinkling ; pigmentorum, Cic; sump- 
tuosa respersio, sprinkling of the grave with 
incense ana wine, Cic. 

respersus, abl. -fl, m. (respergo), a sprink- 
ling, besprinkling, Plin. 

respicio -spexi -spectum, 3. (re and specio), 
transit, and iutransit., to look behind, to look 
back. I. Lit., Cic. ; nusquam circuinspiciens 
aut respiciens, Liv.; with ace, a, to look back 
upon ; tribunal, Liv. ; Eurydicen suam, Ov. ; 
aniicum, Verg. ; b, to see behind one, to observe ; 
quos ubi rex respexit, Liv. ; angues a tergo, 
Verg. ; with ace. and infln., reBpiciuut atram in 
niinbo volitare favillam, Verg. II. Transf., a, 
to look back upon, reflect upon; spatium prae- 
teriti temporis, Cic; b, to have respect to ; (a) to 
think upon, provide for ; ut respiciam generuui 
lueum, Caes. ; (0) to care for, consider ; rempub- 
licam, Cic; commoda populi, Cic. ; o, to belong 
to, fall to the care of; ad nunc summa imperii 
respiciebat, Caes.; a, to look towards with desire, 
to hope, expect ; spem ab Romania, Liv. 

respiramen -Inis, n. (respiro), the wind- 
pipe, Ov. 

respiratio -Puis, f. (respiro). I. a taking 
breath, respiration; 1, lit, Cic; 2, incton., a 
jxiuse in a speech where the speaker takes breath, 
Cic. II. an exhalation; aquarum, Cic. 

resplratus -Q, m. (respiro), a taking breath, 
Cic 

respiro, 1. I. to blow back, bloio in a con- 
trary direction; of winds, Lucr. II. Esp., to 
breathe back. A. to tote breath, breathe, breathe 
out; auimam, Cic; ex ea pars redditur respir- 
ando, Cic. B. to take breath, recover oneself 
after any violent exertion; 1, lit., Cic; 2, tig., 
to be relieved from fear, anxiety, etc. ; pauluiu a 
inetu, Cic ; of abstractions, to abate, decline; 
cupiditas atque avaritia respiravit pauluiu, Cic; 
pppugnatio respiravit, iooly bru{tl\ t declined in 



violence, Cic ; pass, impers., ita rcspiratum est, 
Cic. 

resplendco -ui, £ to glitter back, be bright, 
resplendent, Verg. 

respondeo -spondi -spensum, 2. I. to pro- 
mise in return, Plant. H. to answer. A. Lit., 
to answer (prop., b;/ word of mouth) ; tibi non 
rcscribam, scd nspondeam, Sen. ; to answer by 
word of mouth or by writing; cpistolae, Cic," 
ad liaec, Cic; alicui ad rogatum, Cic; \ideat 
quid respondeat, Cic; respondent " cui," Cic; 
esp., a, of judges, to give decisiotis ; do jure, 
Cic. ; criiuinibus respondere, to defend oneself 
against, Cic. ; of oracles and soothsayers, to 
answer, Cic. ; transf., saxa respondent voci, 
give an echo, Cic; b, to answer to one's name, 
hence, to appear, be present; quum ad noiueu 
nemo responderet, Liv. ; Verrem non respon- 
surum, Cic; so of soldiers, to answer to one's 
name, take one's place; ad nominanon respondere, 
Liv.; tig., pedos respondere non vocatos, be in 
readiness, Cic. B. Transf., a, to correspond to, 
to ansiver to, to agree or accord with ; verba 
verbis respond6ant, Cic ; tua virtus opinioni 
hominum respondet, Cic ; b, to requite, return; 
amori amore, Liv. ; c, to lie over against ; con- 
tra respondet tellus, Verg. ; d, to be jninctual in 
paying; nd tempus, Cic; e, to balance, corre- 
spond to in strength, etc. ; orationi illorum, Cic. 

rosponslo -Onis, f. (respondeo). I. a reply, 
answer; responsionem elicere,Cic II.Rhet. t.t., 
sibi ipsi responsio, a replying to one's own argu- 
ment (= drroKpicrit), Cic 

responslto, 1. (intens. of responso), to give 
an answer, opinion (of legal advisers), Cic. 

responso, 1. (intens. of respondeo), to 
answer, reply, respond. I, A. Lit., Plaut. B. 
Transf., to re-echo; lucus ripaeque responsant 
circa, Verg. II. Fig., responsare cupidiuibus, 
to withstand, Hor.; cenis, to scorn, Hor.; palato, 
to defy, Hor. 

responsor -5ris, m. (respondeo), one who 
answers, Plaut. 

responsum -i, n. (respondeo), an. answer. 
I. Gen., responsum dare alicui, Cic. ; reddere, 
Cic. ; ferre, auferre, obtain, Cic. IL Esp., a, 
the answer of an oracle or soothsayer; haruspicuni, 
Cic ; Sibyllae, Verg. ; b, the answer or opinion 
of a lawyer, Cic. 

respublica, v. res. 

respuo -di, 8. I. Lit., to spit back or out, 
to reject; reliquiae cibi, quas natura respuit, 
Cic IL Fig., to reject, refuse, repel, disapprove 
of; quum id dicat, quod omnium mentes asper- 
nentur ac respuant, Cic. ; defensionem, Cic. ; 
poetas, Hor. ; conditionem, Caes. 

restagnatio -6nis, f. (restagno), an over- 
flowing ; Euphratis, Plin. 

restagno, 1. to overflow; quas (paludes) 
restagnantes faciunt lacus, Liv. ; restagnans 
mare, Ov. ; transf. , of places, to be overflowed ; 
late is locus restagnat, Caes. 

restauro, 1. (re and *stauro, from sto, 
whence instauro), to restore, replace, repair, re- 
build ; aedom, Tac 

resticiila -ae, f. (dim. of rcstis), a thin rope 
or cord, Cic. 

restillo, 1. to drop back again; fig., quae 
(litterae) mihi quiddam quasi animulae restill- 
arunt, have instilled, Cic. 

restlnotio -5nis, f. (reatinguo), a slaking, 
quenching ; sitis, Cic. 

restinguo -stlnxi -stinctum, 3. to extin- 
guish, quench. I. Lit., ignem, Cic. II. Transf., 
a, to quench, master, subdue, control; sitiin, Cic; 
ard.prem cyipjditgtum, Cic; odium aljcuius, Cic,; 



res 



43G 



ret 



b,"to extinguish, destroy, put an end to; studia, 
Cic. ; animus hominum scnsusquc incite re- 
stingui, Cic. 

restio -Onis, m. (rcstis), a rope-maker Suet. ; 
in jest, one who is scourged with ropes, Plaut. 

,rei?tipulatIo -onis, f. (restipulor), a countc: 
engagement, Cic. 

restipulor, 1. to promise, engage in return, 
Cic. 

restis -is, ace. -im and -em, abl. -e, f. a rope, 
cord ; per nianus reste data, in a kind of dance 
where the rope ran through the hands of the 
dancers, Li v. 

restito, 1. (freq. of resto), to remain behind, 
loiter, linger, Li v. 

restitrix -tikis, f. (resisto or resto), she 
that remains behind, Plaut. 

restltuo -iii -utum, 3. (re and statuo). I. to 
put in its firmer place, replace, restore. A. Gen., 
btatuam, (Jic. B. a, to bring buck again, restore; 
causa restituendi mei, Cic. ; b, to give back, give 
lip again, restore; agrum alicui, Liv.; fig., se 
alicui, to become friends again, Cic. II. to 
restore, build again, bring a thing back to its 
previous condition; oppida, Caes. ; provinciaia 
in antiquum statum, (Jic. ; aliquid in pristinam 
dignitatem, Cic. ; aliquem in amicitiam, Cic. ; 
aliquem, to restore a person's property to him, 
Cic. ; aliquem in integrum, to place a man in 
his former condition, Cic.; rem, aeiem, proclaim, 
Liv". ; daninn Romano bello accepta, to repair, 
Liv. 

restitutio -Onis, f. (restituo). I. a restora- 
tion ; Capitolii, Suet. II. a calling back again ; 
a, from banishment, restoration of a person to 
hit previous condition, Cic; b, a pardoyiing ; 
dnmnatoruin, Cic. 

restitutor -Oris, ni. (restituo), a restorer; 
temploruin, Liv. ; salutis, Cic. 

resto -stlti, 1. I. to remain behind, remain 
standing, stand still. A. Gen., Prop. B. to 
resist, op}x>se, withstand, Liv. ; pass, impers., 
qua minima vi restatur, where the least resistance 
is, Liv. IL to remain, remain over. A. Gen., 

1, of things, hie restat actus, Cic; dona pelago 
et fiaminis restantia, saved from, Vcrg. ; restat 
ut, etc, it remains that, etc., Cic ; non or nihil 
aliud restat nisi or quam, foil, by infin., Liv.; 

2, of persons, to remain, be left ; (a) restabam 
solus de viginti, Ov. ; (fi) to remain alive ; 
qui pauci adiiiodum restant, Cic. B. With re- 
ference to the future, to remain for, await; 
placet (vobis) socios sic tractari, quod restat, 
ut per hRec tempora tractatos videtis, fbr the 
future, Cic. ; hoc Latio restare canunt, with 
ace. and infin., Verg. 

restrict.6, adv. (restrictus). I. syictringly ; 
tarn restricte facere id, Cic. II. accurately, 
strictly ; praecipere, Cic; obscrvare, Cic. 

restrictus -a -urn, p. adj. (from restringo). 

1. close, tight; toga, Suet. II. Transf., 1, close, 
stingy; homo, Cic; quum natura semper ad 
largiendum ex alieno fuerim restrictior, Cic. ; 

2, strict, severe ; impcriuin, Tac. 
restringo -strinxi -strictnm. 3. I. to bind 

back, bin'' fast, bind tight; restrictis laoertis, 
Hor. II. 1, to drew back, confine, restrict, 
restrain, lac; 2, to draw buck, to open ; dentes, 
Plant. 

resulto, 1. (intens. of resilio), tn spring back, 
rebound. I. tela resultant galea, Verg. II. Of 
Bound, to echo, resound; imago vocia rcsultat, 
Verg.; transf., of places, to resound; pulsati 
colles claiuore resultant, Vorg. 

resumo -sumpsi -suinptum, 3. to take again, 
take back, I, Lit ■ tftbeUaa, Ov. IZ, Transf., 



I, to renew, repeat; pugnam, Tac. ; 2, to obtain 
again, to recover; vires, Ov. 

resupmo, 1. I. to bend, turn backwards; 
assurgentem umbone, to strike back to the 
ground, Liv.; middle, resupinari, to bend back; 
r- .-.ipinati G'llli, prostrate from, intoxication, Juv. 

II. Melon., (o break open; valvas, Prop. 
rSsupinus -a -urn, bent backwards. I. A. 

Gen., collum, Ov. ; resupinus haeret curru, 
Verg. ; resupinuin aliquem fundere, to lay low 
on the ground, Ov. B. Esp., lying on one's back ; 
jacuit resupinus, Ov. ; resupini natant, on their 
backs, Ov. II. Meton., throwing back the head, 
with the nose high in the air (of the proud), Ov. 

rcsurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up 
again, appear again. I. A. Lit., herba re- 
surgens, Ov.; rosurgaui (from bed), Ov. B. Pig., 

I, to rise up again ; in ultionem, Tac, ; 2, to 
come up again, reappear; amor, re-awakens, 
Verg.; 3, to come forth again ; quum res Ilomana 
contra spem votaque eius velut resurgeret, Liv. 

II. Meton., to stand up again = to be built again ; 
resurgens urbs, Tac. 

resuscito, 1. to revive, resuscitate ; fig., 
veterein irain, Ov. 

resutus -a -um, ripped open, Suet. 

retardatio -Onis, f. (retardo), a retarding, 
protracting, delay, Cic 

retardo, 1. to delay, protract, retard, impede, 
detain. I. Lit., aliquem in via, Cic. ; in middle 
signification, motus stellaruin retardautur, move 
slowly, Cic 31. Fig., to hinder, prevent; aliquem 
a scribendo, Cic. 

retaxo, 1. to censure in return, Suet. 

retS -is, ii. « net (both for fishes and for 
hunting animals with) ; retia poneie cervis, 
Verg. ; retia tendere, Ov. ; ex araneolis aliae 
quasi rete texunt, Cic 

retSgO -texi -tectum, 3. to uncover, reveal, 
hni bare, tooycu. I. Lit., A. theenm numariam, 
Cic; homo rctectus, not covered by a shield, 
Verg. B. Poet., to make visible, to illuminate; 
orbem radiis, Verg. ; jam rebus luce retectis, 
Verg. II. Transf., to reveal, discover ; arcanum 
consilium, Hor. ; scelus, Verg. 

retendo -tendi -tensuin and -tentum, 3. to 
slacken, unbend; arcum, Ov. 

retentio -Onis, f. (retineo), a keeping back, 
holding in. I. Lit., aurigae, Cic II. Transf., 
a withholding; assensiouis, Cic 

1. retento, 1. (intens. of retineo), to hold 
firmly back, hold fast. I. Lit., Liv.; caelum a 
ten-is, to keep apart, Luer. II. Transf., to pre- 
serve, maintain ; sensus hominum vitasque, Cic 
poet. 

•2. retento (retempto), 1. (re and tento), to 
try, attempt again; ilia lyrae, Ov. ; foil, by 
infin., Ov. 

retentus -a -um. I. Partic of retendo. 
II. Partic of retineo. 

retexo -textii -tcxtum, 3. I. to unweave, 
unravel. A. Lit., quasi Penelope telam re- 
tcxens, Cic B. Transf., 1, gen., dum luna 
quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem, dimin- 
ished again, Ov. ; 2, esp., to dissolve, cancel, an- 
nul, reverse; praeturam, Cic; orationem, re- 
tract, Cic; scriptorum quaeque, to revise, correct, 
Hot. II. to weave again ; poet, transf., to reneu', 
repeat ; properata retexite fata, Ov. 

retiarius -ii, m. (rote), a fighter with a vet, 
a gladiator furnished with a net, with which he 
strove tn entangle his adversary, Suet. 

reticentia -ac, f. (reticeo), a keeping silent, 
silence ( ( .pp. locutio). I. Gen., Cic; vestra 
virtus nequo oblivion* enrnm ov.i nnxtc sunt. 



pet 



467 



re a 



neque reticentid posterorum sepulta esse potent, 
C.ic ; poena reticentiae, i.e., for keeping silent 
about a defect in, an object offered for sale, Cic 
II. As a figure of speech, a sudden pause (Or. 
arroiruomjo'is), CiC. 

reticeo -eGi, 2. (reand taeeo). I. Intrausit., 
to be silent, keep silence; (a) absol., quum Bill- 
picius reticuisset, Cic. ; de injuriis, Cio. ; (0) 
with dat., to give no answer to, Liv. II. Transit., 
to keep secret, conceal; cogitationcs suas, Cic; 
quod ii, qui ea patet'acere poasent, retieuissent, 
Cic. 

retioulatUS -a -um (reticulum), net-like, 
reticulated, Pliu. 

reticulus -i, in. and reticulum -i, n. 
(dim. of rete), a little net: a, for catching fish, 
Plaat. ; b, a bag of net-work used for carrying 
certain articles; reticulum .plenum rosae, Cic; 
reticulum panis, Hor. ; c, a net fur the hair, 
Juv. ; d, a racket for striking a ball, Ov. 

retinaculum -i, n. (retineo), a rope, a cable, 
curd, Verg., Ov. 

retinens -cutis, p. ad.j. (from retinoo), tena- 
cious of anything; sui juris diguitatisque, Cic. 

retinentia -ae, f. (retineo), a retaining in 
the memory, recollection, Lucr. 

retineo -tinui -toiitum, 3. (re and teneo). I. 
to hold back, hold fast, detain. A. Lit., 1, to 
keep back; a, of persons, concilium dimittit, 
Liscum retinet, Caes. ; nisi jam profecti sunt, 
retinebis homines, Cic ; b, of things, lacrimas, 
Ov. ; nianus ab ore, Ov. ; 2, to keep back, pre- 
serve, hold back; armorum parte tertia celatil 
atque in oppido rctenla, Cacs. ; 3, to retain a 
conquest; oppidum, Caes. B. Trausf. , 1, to 
keep within botuuls, restrain; moderari cursum 
atque in sua potcstate rctinere, Cic; retinere in 
oflieio, Cic. ; foil, by quiu, aegre sunt retenti, 
quin oppidum irrumperent, Caes. ; 2, to keep, 
preserve, hold fast ; ut amicos observantia, rem 
parsimoiiia retineret, Cic. ; statum suniu, Cic. ; 
memoriaui suae pristinae viitutis, Caes. ; aliquid 
memoria, Cic. II. to hold fast. A. Lit., arcum 
maim, Cic. B. Trans.'., ordo i]>se annalium 
mediocriter nos retinet quasi enumeratione 
fastorum, Cic. 

retinnio, 4. to resound, to ring again; in 
vncibus nostrorum oratorum retinnit et resonat 
quiddam urbanius, Cic. 

retis -is, f. = rete (q.v.). 

retondeo -tonsus, 2. to reap, mow again, 
Plin. 

retono, 1. to thunder back, to resound, Cat. 

retorqueo ^torsi -tortum, 2. to twist back, 
bend back, turn back. I. Lit., oculos saepe ad 
banc urbem, Cic. ; caput in sua terga, Ov. ; 
brachia tergo, to bind behind the back, Hor. II. 
Transf., to change; meutem, Verg. 

retorridus -a -um, parched up, dried up, 
Pliu. 

retostus -a -um, roasted, Plin. 

retractatio -finis, f. (retracto), refusal, 
denial; sine ulla retraetatione, Cic. 

retractatus -a -um, p. adj. (from retracto), 
revised; idem crvmayixa. misi ad te retractatius, 
Cic v 

retracto (rctrecto), 1. I. to lay hold of, 
handle again, undertake anew. A. Lit., ferrum, 
Verg. ; arma, Liv. ; cruda vulnera, to open the 
old wounds, Ov. B. Transf., a, to take in hand 
again, retouch, iisc again; verba desueta, Ov. ; 

b, to renew ; nugere dolorem retractando, Cic ; 

c, to think of again; aliquid diligenter, Cic; 
fata,-Ov. II. to draw back; transf., a, to recall, 
retract; dicta, Verg.; b, to refuse, be unwilling, 
l;e reluctant, decline, Cic; quid retrnctas, Verg. 



retractus -a -um, p. adj. (from retralio), 

afar off, distant, remote ; retraetior a mari murus, 
Liv. 
rctraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I, to draiv back. 

A. to draw backwards ; 1, lit., a, manum, Cic; 
Uanuibaleni in AfVicain, Cic. ; so ab ietu, Ov. ; 
b, to fetch back a fugitive, bring back, Cic ; 
aliquem ex fuga, Ball, ; 2, transf., a, to keep 
back, prevent ; consules a loedere, Cic. ; b, to 
hold back, not to give out ; quos oceulere aut 
retrahere aliquid suspicio fuit, Liv. ; c, sc, to 
withdraw oneself ; quum se retraxit, ne pyxidem 
traderet, Cic. B. to drag forth ugiiin, drum 
forth again ; Tioveros in arma, Tac. II. to d.raw 
towards; lig., in odium judicis, Cic. 

retribiio -tribal -trlbutuuv 3- I. to give 
again. A. to give back, restore; pro fciieulo 
l'ruinenlo aeceptam pecuniam populo, Liv. B. 
to give again, afresh, Lucr. II. to give back a 
maiUas due; alicui fructum quern meruit, Cic. 
- retro (from re and pros. suff. ter, as citro, 
intro), adv. I. Lit., backwards, back, behind; 
redire, retro repetere, Liv. ; retro respicere, Cic. ; 
quod retro atque a tergo lleret, no laboraret, 
Cic II. Transf., A. Of time, in times past, 
formerly, back; et deincepa retro usque ad 
Romulum, Cic. B. Of othsr relations, 1, back, 
backwards; retro ponere, to postpone, Cic; 2, 
again, on. the contrary, on the other hand, Cic. 

retr5ago -Cgi -actum, 3. to drive back, lead 
back, turn back, Plin. 

retrSeo, 4. to go back, return, Plin. 

retrogradior -gressus sum, 3. dep. to go 
backwards, -morn backuv.rds, Plin. 

retrdgradus-a-uiu(retrogadior),)-e</'oj7)'u(/c, 
going backwards, Sen. 

retrorsum and retrorsiis, adv. (= retro- 
versuui [-vorsum] and retroversus [-vorsus]), 
backwards, behind. I. Lit., retrorsum vela 
dare, llor. II. Transf., in return, in reversed 
order ; deindo retrorsum vicissim, etc., Cic. 

retrorsus = retrorsum (q.v.). 

retroversus -a -um (verto), turned back- 
wards, back, Ov. 

retrudo -tr&sus, 3. to push back, thrust back, 

Plant. Partic, retrusus -a -um, remote, dis- 
tant, sequestered, obscure; simulacra dcorum jaceut 
in tenebris ab isto retrusa atque abdita, Cic. ; 
voluntas abdita et retrusa, Cic. 

retundo, retndi (rett&di) -tOsuin (-tunsuin), 
3. to beat back, to drive back. I. A. Lit., Lucan. 

B. Transf., to check, keep within bounds ; linguas 
Aetolorum, Liv. II. to hammer back something 
sharp, to blunt, moke dull. A. Lit., tela, Ov. ; 
tig., ferrum alicuius, to frustrate a murderous 
attempt, Cic. B. Transf., impetuin, Liv. ; inu- 
cronem still, Cic. 

retusus (retunsus) -a -tun, p. adj. (from 
retuudo), dull, blunt. I. Lit., ferrum,' Verg. 
II. Transf., dull; ingenium, Cic. 

Reudigni -drum, in. a people in the north of 
Germany. 

reus -i, m. and rSa -ao, f. (res). I. an 
accused person, prisoner, culprit, defendant ; gen. 
with ace of the charge, inoro rarely with de 
and the abl., reum facere aliquem, to accuse, 
Cic ; renin fieri, to be accused, Cic ; referre in 
rcos (of the praetor), to enter a name on the list 
of accused persons, Cic; aliquem ex reis eximere, 
to strike out tlie name of an accused person, Cic. ; 
Sextius qui est de vi reus, Cic; used without 
reference to a court of justice, reus fortunae,' 
accused as responsible for ill fortune. Liv. ; reus 
sine te criminis huius agor, Ov. ; plur., rei, tlie 
parties to a suit, both vlaintiff and defendant; 



rev 



488 



rev 



rcos appello quorum res est, Cic II. bound 

bit, answerable- for ; voti, bound to fulfil my vow 
(i.e., having obtained the object of my wishes), 
Verg. ; suae partis tutaiulae, answerable for, 
Liv. 

reVSlesco -viltU, 3. to become well again, be 
restored to health. I. Lit., ope qua revalescere 
possis, Or. II. Trausf., to be restored; Laouicoa 
revaluit propriis opibus, Tac. 

reveho -vexi -vectuin, C. to carry, bear, bring 
back. I. Lit., a, act. and pass., tela ad Grajos, 
Ov. ; praeda revecta, brought back, Liv. ; b, 
middle, revehi, to drive back, ride back, sail back; 
(with or without equo, eurru, nave, etc.) in 
castra, Liv. ; Ithacam, Hor. II. Fig., ad 
superiorem aetatem reveoti sutnus (in discourse), 
have gone back, Cic. 

revello -vein -vulsum, 3. I. to tear, full, 
pluck away. A. Lit., tela de corpore, Cic; 
caput a cervice, Verg. ; saxum e nionte, Ov. ; 
morte ab aliquo revelli, to be separated from, Ov. 
B. Fig., to tear away, destroy, banish; consul- 
atum ex omni meinoria, Cic. ; omues injurias, 
Cic. II. to tear up, to open; hunram dente 
cuivo, to plcrugh, Ov. ; cinerem manesque, to 
disturb, violate a tomb, Verg. * 

revelo, 1. to unfeil, uncover, lay bare; front- 
em, Tac. ; os, Ov. ; sacra, Ov. 

rovSnlo -vSni -ventum, 4. to come back, re- 
turn; domum, Cic. ; in urbem, Tac. 

revera, adv. (re and vera), indeed, in truth, 
truly, Cic. 
reverbSro, 1. to beat back, drive back, Sen. 
revorendus -a -urn, p. adj. (from revereor), 
inspiring awe, venerable ; nox, Ov. ; facies, Juv. 
reverens -entis, p. adj. (from revereor), re- 
spectful, reverent; erga patrem, Tac. 

reverenter, adv. (reverens), reverently, re- 
spectfully, Plin. ; revcrcntius, Tac; revereutis- 
sime, Suet. 

reverentla -ae, f. (revereor), reverence, re- 
sped, fear, awe; adversus homines, Cic; legum, 
beforcthelaws, Juv. Personif.,R6verentfa.-ae, 
f. a goddess, mother of Majestas by Honor. 

rSvereor -vSrltus sum, 2. dep. to fee! awe or 
respect or shame before, to revere, reverence, respect, 
to fear ; snspicionem, Cic. ; multa adversa, Cic. ; 
coetum virorum, Liv. 
rSverro, S. to sweep again, Plaut. 
reverslo (revorsio) -onis, f. (revertor). I. 
a (nrjiiuj back on the way before a man has 
reached the end of his journey (while reditus = 
return after a man 1ms reached his journey's 
end), Cic; reditu vel potins reversione, Cic; 
consilium profectionis et reverslonis meac, Cic. 
II. Transf., a return, recurrence ; tertianae 
febris et quartanae revcrsio, Cic. ; plur., sol 
binas in singulis annis reversiones ab extremo 
contrarias facit, Cic. 

reverto (rovorto) -verti (-vorti) •versum 
(-vursuin) -6re and revertor (roVortor) 
-versus (-vorsus) sum -verti (-vorti), dep. I. to 
turn back, return. A. Lit., ex itinera, Cic. ; ad 
aliquem, Caes. ; Laodiceam, Cic; with double 
nom., quuui victor a Mithrldatico bello rcvert- 
isset, Cic; poet., of things, Tiberim reverti, 
Hor. B. Transf., to return, come back; ad 
sanitatem, to a bttter frame of mind, Cic; in 
gratiain cum aliquo, to be reconciled with, Liv.; 
poena reversura est in caput tuum, doomed to 
fall, Ov. : esp., in discourse, to return, revert; 
rursus igitur eadem revertainur, Cic; ad pro- 
positum revertar, Cic; ad id, undo digress! 
ennuis, revertainur, Cie. II. reverti, to turn to ; 
revcrtUur ail conimoduin, Cic. (act. not used in 
present tenses in prase). 



revldeo, 2. to see again, Plaut. 

revincio -vinxi -vinctum, 4. I. to tic back, 
tie behind ; juvenem mauus post terga revinc- 
tum, Verg. II. A. Lit., bind fast, bind round ; 
trabes, Caes.; zona de poste revincta, Ov. B. 
Transf., mentem amoro, Cat. 

rovinco -vici -victum, 3. to reconquer, subdue 
again. I. Lit., catenae consiliis juvenis re- 
victae, Hor. II. Transf., A. Gen., revictam 
conjuiatione.m, suppressed, Tac. B. Esp., to 
conj'ute, convict; aliquem, Cic. 

reviresco -vfrui, 3. (inchoat. of revireo), to 
grow green again, to grow strong, flourish again, 
revive; senatum ad auctoritatis pristinae speiu 
revirescere, Cic. 

revisito, 1. to visit repeatedly, Plin. 

revise -visi -visum, 3. to look back at, come 
again, to see, revisit. I. In transit., furor revisit, 
returns, Lucr. II. Transit., revise nos aliquaudo, 
Cic ; domos, Liv. 

rSvivisco -vixi, 3. to come to life again, re- 
vive. I. Lit., Cic II. Transf., reviviscere 
inemoriam ac desiderium mei, Cic. 

revficabilis -e (revoco), that can be revoked 
or called back, Ov. 

revocamen -Inis, n. (revoco), a calliog back, 
recall, Ov. 

revocatio -onis, f. (revoco). I. a calling 
back. A. Lit, a bello, Cic. B. Fig., avocatio 
a cogitanda molestia et revocatio ad content- 
planuas voluptates, Cic. II. In rhetoric, a 
withdrawal, withdrawing, revocation ; verbi, Cic. 

revoco, 1. I. to call agav-. A. 1, in suf- 
fragium, Liv.; 2, legal t. t., to summon again 

before a court of justice, to bring a fresh charge 
against; hominem revocat populus, Cic; 3, 
theatrical t. t, to call again for a repetition of a 
speech, etc., to encore; quum saopius revoeatus 
vueem obtudisset, Cic ; with ace of thing to bo 
repeated, to call for again; primos tres versus, 
Cic; impers., millies revocatum est, Cic; 4, 
milit. t. t., to summon again soldiers who had, 
been discharged ; milites, Cic. B. 1, to call 
again, in turn ; unde tu me vncasti, unde te 
ego revoco, Cic; 2, to invite back or again; 
qui non revoeat.urus esset, Cic II. to call back. 
A. In a narrow sense, 1, lit., a, aliquem ox 
itincre, Cic; qui me revocastis, out of exile, 
Cic; with things as objects, oculos, Ov., pedem, 
Verg., gradiim, Verg., to turn away; b, esp., 
milit. t. t., to recall soldiers fr«m. a march, expedi- 
tion, etc ; legiones ab opera, Caes. ; 2, transf., 
a, to call back, bring back again, recover, renew ; 
studia longo intervallo intermissa, to take up 
again, Cic. ; b, to call back, apply again ; so ad 
industriam, Cic. ; se ad se revocare, or simply se 
revocare, to recover oneself, collect oneself, Cic. • 
hence, (n) to keep back; aliquem a tanto scelere, 
Cic; (/3) to confine; comitia in unam domum, 
Cic. ; (v) to recoil, revoke ; facta, Ov. B. In a wider 
sense, to call to : 1, lit., abi, quo blandae juvon- 
um to revocant pieces, Hor. ; 2 f transf., a, to 
apply to, refer to; illam rem ad lllam rationem 
conjecturamque revocabant, Cic. ; b, to brinj 
to ; in dubium, Cic. ; omnia ad suam potestatem 
Cic ; c, to judge according to; omnia ad gloriam* 
Cic. 

reV8lo, 1. to fly back. I. Lit., dux grnuni 
revolat, Cic XX. Transf., revolat telum, Ov. 

rSvolubilis -e (revolvo), that can be rolled 
bark ; pondus, Ov. 

revolvo -volvi -vulfltuni, 3. to roll Uick, un- 
roll. I, A. Gen., 1, transit., Tac; poet., rursus 
iter oinnc, measure back again, traverse again, 
Verg.; 2. retlex. and middle, draco revolvens 
ee.=o, Cip. ; wolutus eq.no, ffllirw 'hwr, /rajSti 



rev 



489 



rho 



Verg. ; ter revoluta toro est, sank back, Verg. ; 
levoluta dies, returning, Verg. B. Esp., to unroll 
or open a book; Origines (a work of Cato's), Liv. 
II. Fig., A.Gen.,1, act.and pass., omnia ad com- 
inunes return atque generum suinina.s revolven- 
"tur, will be brought back to, reduced to, Clc. ; 
poet., iteruin casus, to undergo again, Verg. ; 2, 
'middle, revolvi, a, to return to, in speaking or 
writing ; ut ad ilia elementa revolvar, Oic. ; b, 
to come to (something bad); revolutus ad dispen- 
satiouem iuopiae, Liv. B. Esp.. to read again ; 
loca jam recitata, Hor. ; to think of again; 
visu, Ov. ; to tell again ; haec, Verg. 

revdnio -viinCil, 3. to vomit up, disgorge; 
fluctUK, Verg. 

revorsio — reversio (q.v.). 

revorsus, etc. = reversus, etc. (q.v.). 

revulsio -6nis, f. (revello), a tearing away, 
Plin. 

rex, regis, m. (rego), ruler, prince. I. Lit, 
rex Dejotarus, Cic; rex regum (of Agamemnon), 
Liv. ; simply rex, used of the Parthian king, 
Suet. ; of the Persian king (like Gr. pao-iXevs), 
Nep. ; regem deligere, creare, constituere, Cic. ; 
poet, attrib., populus late rex, ruling far, Verg. 
II. Transf., 1, of some of the gods, rex divuin 
atque hominum, or deorum, Jupiter, Verg. ; 
rex aquaruin, Neptune, Ov. ; rex Stygius, Pluto, 
Verg. ; 2, the king andhis consort ; reges.excitos, 
Liv.; the royal family; direptis bonis regum, 
Liv. ; 3, during the republic at Rome, rex = a 
despot, an absolute monarch, tyrant; rex populi 
Roniani, i.e., Caesar, Cic. ; decern reges aerarii, 
Cic; 4, in the religions language, rexsacrorum, 
sacrificiorum, Cic, sacriflcus, Liv., sacrificulus, 
"Liv., a priest who under the republic performed 
the sacrifices which formerly the kings performed ; 
5, gen. =head, chief, leader; a, of animals, rex 
apiliu, Verg. ; b, of rivers, rex Eridanus (the 
chief stream in Italy), Verg. ; c, of the patron 
of a parasite, Hor.; d, the guide, tutor of a 
young man ; rex pueritiae, Hor. 

rhacoma (rhecoma) -ae, f. a root, perhaps 
rhubarb, Plin. 

Rhadamanthus (-3s) -i, m. ('PoSa^ai/flus), 
son of Jupiter, brother of Minos, judge in the lower 
world. 

Iihaeti = Raeti (q.v.). 

rhagades -um, f. and rhagadia -orum, 
n. (payaSes, payafiio) a kind of sores or ulcers, 
Plin. 

rhaglon -li, n. (piyiov), a kind of small 
spider, Plin. 

Rhamnes = Ramnes (q.v.). 

rhamnos -i, f. (pd/xi'ot), buckthorn, Plin. 

Rhamnus -nuntis, f. (Panvovs), a village of 
A ttica, where the goddess Nemesis v)a$ worshipped; 
hence, A. Adj., Rhamnusius -a -um, virgo, 
Cat., or simply Rhamnusia, Nemesis, Ov. B. 
Rhamnusis -Idis, f. Nemesis, Ov. 

Rhamses -sesis, m. an old king of Egypt. 

rhapsodia -ae, f. (pa^uSia), a rhapsody; 
secunda, the second book of the Iliad, Nep. 

1. Rhea (Rea) -ae, f. Rhea Silvia, daughter 
of King Numitor of Alba, mother of Romulus and 
Remus by Mars. 

2. Rhea -ae, f. ("P^'a), an old name ofCybele. 
Thecoma = rhacoma (q.v.). 

rheda = reda (q.v.). 
, rhedarlus = redarius (q.v.). 
Rhegium = Regium (q.v.). 
Rhemi = Remi (q.v.). 
Rhenus -i, m. the Rhine; poet, adj., flumen 
Rhenum, Hor. ; In poets, meton. = the people 

16 # 



dwelling on the bonks of the Rhine. Adj.,RheU- • 
anus -a -um, belonging to the Rhine. 

Rhesus -i, in. ('Pr/cro?), king in, Thrace, who 
came to the help <\f Troy ; according to an oracle, 
Vie Greeks could not capture Troy if tlie horses of 
Rhesus tasted of Trojan pastures, so Diomedcs and 
Ulysses stole the horses and killed Rhesus. 

rhetor -oris, in. (pqrojp). I. a teacher of 
rhetoric, a rhetorician, Cic. II. an orator, Nep. 
rhetorica v. rhetoricus. ■ 

1. rhetorice, v. rhetoricus. 

2. rhetorics, adv. (rhetoricus), rhetorically, 
oratorically, Cic. 

rhetoricus -a -um (pTj-ropixd?). I. of or relat- 
ing to a rhetorician, rhetorical ; mos, Cic ; ars, 
Cic. ; whence subst., rhetorica -ae, f. and rhe- 
t6rice -es, f. (prjTopnoj), Cic II. relating to 
rlietoric; doctores, teachers of rhetoric, Cic. ; libri 
rhetorici, text-books of rhetoric, Cic; subst., rhe- 
torica -orum, n. rhetoric, Cic. 

rheumatismus-i, m. (peu^aTiu/idy), rheum, 
catarrh, Plin. 

rhina -ae, f. (piV>j), a kind of shark, Plin. 

rhinoceros -6tis, m. (pud/cepws). I. a rhino- 
ceros, Plin. ; prov., nasuni rhinoeerotis habere, 
to turn up the nose, sneer at everything, Mart. 
II. Meton., a vessel mads of the horn of the rhino- 
ceros, J nv. 

Rhinocolura -ae, f. ('PivoKoKovpa), a town 
on the coast of the Mediterranean between Egypt 
and Syria, now El-Arish (Ariscli). 

Rhinton -onis, m, (*PtV(W), a tragic -poet of 
Ta centum. 

Rhion (-um) -li, n. ('Pidi/), a promontory in 
Acliaia, opposite Antirrhium. 

Rhiphaeus = Riphaeus (q.v.). 

Rhizon -onis, m. ('Pi'£u)v), ajown in Illyria, 
now Risano; hence, Rhizonitae -arum, m. 
tht inhabitants of Rhizon. 

rhd, n. indecl. (pw), the Greek name of the letter 
R, Cic. 

Rhoda -ae, f. a town of the Indigctes in His- 
pania 1'arraconensis, now Rosas. 

Rhodanus -i, ra, ('PoSaios), a river in Gaul, 
now the Rhone ; Rhodani potor, a dweller on the 
banks of the Rhone, Hur. 

rhddinus -a -um (poiivoi), made of roses, 
Plin. 

Khodius, v. Rhodus. 

rhododaphne -es, f. (J>oSoSa<pvr]), the olean- 
der, Plin. 

rhododendios-i. f. and rhododendron 
-i, n. (po&o&cv&pov) — rhododaphne (q.v.). 

Rhodope -Es, f. ('PoSottt)), a mountain in 
Thrace, now Despoto or Despoti Dag ; meton. =: 
Thrace, Verg. ; hence, adj., Rhdddpeius -a 
-um, Thracian ; vates, heros, Orpheus, Ov. 

RhOdUS (-OS) -i, f. CPofos). Rhales, an isknui 
in the Carpathian Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor, 
famous for its trade, its school of rhetoric, and its 
colossus. Hence,adj.,Rh5dIus-a-uin,ii:/iod£«ii; 
plur. subst., Rhodii -orum, in. the Rhodians, 
Cic. 

Rhoeteum ('Poi'mov), a promontory in the 
Troad; hence, Rhocteus -a -um, Rhoetean, 
a, lit., profundum ; and subst, Rhoeteum -i, 
n. the sea near Rhoeteum, Ov. ; b, poet, transf. 
= Trojan ; ductor, Aeneas, Verg. 

Rhoetus (Rhoecus) -i. m. ('Poikos). I. a 
giant, Hor. II. a centaur, Verg. 

rhombus (-6s) -i, m. (pdp./3os). I. a viagi- 
cian's circle, Ov. II. the turbot, Hor. 



riio 



490 



l'l9 



rhomphaea -ae, f. a long missile weapon. 

Rhosus (-6s) -i, f. (Two-os), a sea^port in 
Cilicia, famous for its pottery, Hence, Rhosl- 
acus -a -am, Rhosian ; vasa, Cic. 

Rhoxolani (Roxolani) -Oram, in. a 
Scythian people in modern European Tartary. 

rhythmious -i, m. (pufyuKds), one who 
teaches the art of preserving rhythm in composi- 
tion, Cic. 

riiythmus -i, m. (pv<V<k), rhythm, time 
(either in music or discourse), Quint. 

rhytium -ii, u. (pvnov), a drinking-horn, 
Mart. 

rica~-ae, f. a veil,- Plant. 

riclnium -ii, n. (rica), a small veil worn es- 
pecially a9 an article of mourning, Cic. 

rictum = rictus (q.v.). 

rictus -us, m. ami rictura -i, n. (ringor), 
the opening of Vie mouth, the open mouth ; a, of 
man, risu didncere rictum, Hor.; b, of animals, 
the expanded 'jaws ; rictus Cerberei, Ov. 

ruleo, risi, rlsnm, 2. I. Intransit., to laugh. 
A. Gen., riderc convivae, cachinnarc ipse Ap- 
roning, Cic. ; in stomacho ridere, to laugh grimly, 
Cic; pass, impers., ridetur, there is laughter, 
Hor. B. Esp. , 1, to laugh or smile in a friendly 
manner; alicui or ad aliquem, to smile upon; 
cui non risere parentes, Verg. ; so transf. , (a) to 
laugh, to look cheerful, to look bright ; omnia nunc 
rident, Verg. ; domus ridet argento, Hor. ; (fi) to 
please; ille terrarmu mild praetei omnea an- 
gulus ridet, Hor.; 2, to laugh triumphantly, to 
triumph over; niuneribus aemuli, Hor. II. 
Transit., to laugh at. A. Gen., joca tua de 
liaercsi Vestoriana risisse me, Cic. ; liaec ego 
non rideo, I do not jest, Cic. ; pass., non sal sed 
natura ridetur, Cic. B. Esp., to ridicule; 
aliquem, Cic. ; pass., Pynhi ridetur largitas a 
consule, Cic. 

rldibundus -a -um (rideo), laughing, Plaut. 

riidlcularius -a -nm (ridiculus), laughable, 
droll ; BUbst, ridiculai'la-i'ruiii. n, drolleries, 
PJaut. 

ridicule, adv. (ridiculus). I. In a good 
sense, jokingly, humorously, Cic. II. In a had 
sense, ridiculously, absurdly; homo ridicule 
insanus, Cic. 

ridlCUldsus -a -um (ridiculus), laughable, 
facetious, Pers. 

ridiculus (rideo), exciting laughter. I. In 
a good sense, droll, ,'. timorous, funny, facetious. 
A. Adj., cavillator facie magis quam facetiis 
ridiculus, Cic; poet, with intln., (Porcins) ridic- 
ulus totas siiuuf absorbere placentas, Hor. B. 
Subst, a, ridiculus -i, m. ft joker, jester, 
Plant., Ter. ; b, ridiculum -i, n. a thing to 
laugh at, joke, jest ; per ridiculum dicere, Cic. ; 
plnr., sentcntioso ridiciila dicere, Cic. II. In a 
bad sense, laughable, absurd, ridiculous; insania 
quae ridicula aliis.Cic; ridiculum poema, Hor.; 
ridiculum est with intln., Cic. 

rlgens -entis, p. adj. (from rigeo), stiff, un- 
bending ; aqua, frozen, Mart. 

rigeo. 2. (root RIG, Gr. PIT, connected with 
FRIG-ro), to be stiff, to stiffen. I. A. Lit., 1, witll 
cold, frost, etc; rigere frigore, Cic; 2, poet., to 
be stiff, bend, unbending ; terga bourn plnmbo 
insuto ferroque rigebant, Verg. ; 3, poet., to be 
stiffened ; auro or ex auro, Verg. B. Transf., 1, 
to be stiff = to be immovable ;' nervi rigent, Hor. ; 
2, to stand stiff or upright ; cervix riget horrida, 
Ov.; of hair, to stand on f)id;gelido comae terrore 
rigebant, Ov. II. Fig., feritas immota riget, 
Mart. 

rlge?30, rigiii (inchoat. of rigeo), .T. to groxo 



stiff, become stiff. I. Lit., with eoid ; vpstes 
rigescunfe, Verg. II. Transf., of hair, to stand 
on end (from terror) ; metii capillos rignisse, 
Ov. 

riglde, adv. (rigidus), stiffy; fig., rigorously, 
severely, Ov. 

rigidus -a -um (rigeo), stiff, unbending, rigid. 
I. A. Lit., from cold ; tellurem BoreS rlgidam 
inovere, Verg. ; or by nature, hard ; silex, Ov. ; 
ensis, Verg. B. Transf., 1, stiff = standing up- 
right ; columna, Ov. ; capilli, Ov. ; 2, stiff. 
stretched out ; crura, Cic; cervix, Liv, II. Fig., 

I, immovable, inflexible ; innocentia, Liv.; vultus, 
Ov. ; 2, stiff, rough, unpolished; mores, Ov. ; 
signa ngidiora, not elaborated, Cic; 3. stem, 
inflexible ; satelles, Hor. ; censor, Ov. ; 4, wild, 
savage ; ferae, Ov. 

rigo, 1. I, to lead or conduct water to any 
place. A. Lit., aqiiam per agros, ap. Liv. B, 
Fig., hinc motus per membra rigantur, Luci 1 . 

II. to wet, moisten, bedew. A. 1, lit., lucum 
fons perenni rigabataqua, Liv.; 2, poet., transf., 
to bedew; oia lacrimis, tletibus, Verg., Ov. ; 3, 
fig., Prop._ 

Rigodulum -i, n. a town in the country oj 
the Treveri, now Jlicol or Eeol. 

rigor -oris, m. (rigeo), stiffness, rigidity, 
hardness. I. Gen., A. Lit., of gold, Lucr. ; of 
wood or iron, Verg. B. Fig., 1, severity, harsh- 
ness, sternness, Tac ; 2, roughness, rudeness, 
harshness of manner, Ov. II. Esp., rigidity or 
j umbness produced by cold ; torpentibus ligore 
membra, Liv. 

rigiius -a -um (rigo). I. Act., watering, 
irrigating; amnes, Verg. II. Pass., well- 
watered, irrigated; hortus, Ov. 

rima -ae, f. a crack, cleft, fissure ; rimas agcre, 
Cic. ; naves rimis dehiscunt, spring a teak, 
Verg.; poet., ignea rima micans, the lightning, 
Verg. 

rimor, 1. dep. (rima), to cleave. I. Gen., to 
turn up; terrain rastris, Verg. II. Esp., to 
grub up, burrow through, root up. A. Lit., of 
birds and other animals, Verg. B. Transf., to 
turn over, pry into, search, examine; id quoqne 
rimatur quantum potest, Cic ; secreta, Tac. 

rimosus -a -um (rima), full of cracks, chinks, 
fissures; cymba, Verg.; fig., quao rimosa bene 
deponuntur in aure, that cannot keep a secret, 
Hor. 

ringor, 3. dep. to show the teeth; fig., to 
snarl, growl, be angry at, Hor. 

rlpa -ae, f. a bank. I. Lit., the bank of a 
river (litus, tlie shore of the sea, ora, the sea- 
coast); ripa niagni fiuminis, Cic; plur., ripac, of 
one of the banks of a river, Liv. II. Poet, and 
post-classical, (ae shore of the sea, Hor. 

Ripaeus = Rhiphaeus (q.v.). 

viparius -a -um (ripa), frequenting river- 
banks ; hirnndo, Plin. 

Riphaeus (Rhiphaeus, Rhipaeus, 
P-ipaous) -a -um ('l'in-aro<r), name of a country 
in Sarmatia or Scythia ; arces, the Riphaean 
■mountains ; pruina, Verg. 

ripula -ae, f. (dim. of ripa), (/ little bank (of 
a river), Cic. 

risous -i, m. (jko-ko?), a box, chest, trunk, 
Ter. 

risio -dills, f. (rideo), lauahivg, laughter, 
Plant. 

risor -oris, m. (rideo), a laugher, mocker, 
Hor. 

risus -lis, m. (rideo), laughing, laughter; 
in a bad sense, jeering, ridicule, t. Lit., hom- 
inuni de te, Cic. ; risus consecutus est, non in 
te, scd in crrorem tuum, Cic. ; miros risus edere, 



rit 



491 



rog 



£ie. ; risuin movere, commovere, excitare, to 
muse laughter, Cic. ; risus captare, to try to raise 
a laugh, Cic ; risum tenero, continere, to check, 
Cic. II. Meton;, an object of laughter; deus 
omnibus risus erat, Ov. 

rite, adv. (root RI, Gr. PE-w. whence ritus ; 
prop, abl., instead of ritu). I, with suitable 
religious ceremonies ; deos colere, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. properly, duly, fitly, rightly ; deuin 
rite beatuin dicero, Cic. ; rebus rite paratis, 
Verg. J poet., fortunately, luckily; propinquaie 
augunum, verg. ; 2, usually, in the ordinary 
manner; quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt 
domos, Hor. 

rltualis -e (ritus), relating to religious usage; 
libri, Cic. 

ritus -us, m. (root RI, Gr. PE-w, lit., course). 

I. religious custom, usage, ceremony, rite, Cic. 

II. Gen., a custom, usage, observance ; ritus Cy- 
clopum, Ov. ; esp. abl., ritu, after the incomer 
of, as; mulierum ritu, Li v.; pecudum ritu, lat- 
ronum ritu, Cic. 

rlvalis -e (rivus), of or relating to a brook or 
canal. I. Adj., Col. II. Subst., A. Lit., one 
who uses a brook or canal in common with another. 
B. Transf., a rival in love, rival suitor, Ov.; prov., 
se aniare sine rivali, to have no rival to fear, Cic. 

rivalitas -atis, f. (rivalis), rivalry (in love), 
Cic. 

rlviilus -i, m, (dim. of rivus), a small brook, 
rivulet; fig., Cic. 

rivus -i, m. (root RI, Gr. PE-<o, whence 
peva-ai), a stream. 1. 1, lit., a, a broo'- ■ rivorum 
a fonte deductio, Cic ; b, nit artijict J water- 
nurse, channel, dyke; rivos ducere, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., a stream, of other fluids, such as blood, 
milk, etc. ; lacrimarum, Ov. ; rivis currentia 
vhifi, Verg. II. Fig., a stream, course; fortuuae, 
Hor. 

rixa -ae, f. (connected with epis, epCfr), a 
quarrel, brawl, strife, dispute, (a) between men ; 
Academiae nostrae cum Zenone magna rixa est, 
Cic. ; (/3) between animals, Ov. 

rixator -oris, m. (rixor), a brawler, Quint. 

rixor, 1. dep. (rixa), to quarrel, braui; cum 
aliquo de amicula, Cic. 

robiginosus -a -um (robigo), rusty, Plaut. ; 
robiginosis dentibus cuncta rodit, with envious 
teeth, Mart. 

1. robigo (rubigo) -inis, f. (1. robus, ruber), 
rust. I. Lit., sea bra robigine pila, Verg. ; 
ferrum robigine roditur, Ov. ; poet., of the dark 
deposit on the teeth, Ov. II. Fig., the rust of 
inactivity or oblivion; ingenium longa robigine 
laesum torpet, Ov. 

2. Robigo (Rubigo) -Inis, f. and Robi- 
gus (Rubigus) -i, m. (1. robigo), the deity 
invoked by the Romans to preserve their grain 
from mildew. Hence, Roblgalia -ium, n. the 
festival of the deity Robigo, celebrated annually on 
the 25th of April. 

robor = robur (q.v.). 

roboreus -a -uin (robur), oaken, Ov. 

roboro, 1. (robur), to strengthen, make firm. 
I. Lit., artus, Lucr. II. Fig., pectora, Hor.; 
gravitatem (animi), Cic. 

robur (robus, archaic) -oris, n. (root RO, 
Gr. 'fO-wufu, 'PCi-fi-q), strength, I. Lit., hard 
■wood; csp., oak, oak-wood; a, gen., quercus 
antiquo robore, Verg. ; sapiens non est c saxo 
sculptus cut e robore dnlatus, Cic; b, poet., of 
other hard wood, morsus roboris (of the oleaster), 
Verg. II. Meton., A. Of things made of oak 
or other hard wood ; a, in robore accumbunt, 
on oaken benches, Cic. ; robur sacrum, the Trojan 



horse, Verg. ; robur praeflxum ferro, a lance, 
Verg.; b, esp., the underground cellar in the 
prison ofServius Tullius at Rome, also called the 
Tullianum, Liv. B. hardness, strength, firm- 
ness; 1, a, of physical strength, robur jnventae, 
Liv. ; b, of political power, necjue Ids ipsis 
tantum umquam virium ant roboris fuit, Liv. ; 
c, of intellectual or moral strength, firmness, 
constancy; alter virtutis robore tiriiiior quain 
aetatis, Cic. ; robur incredibile animi, Cic. ; 2, 
concr., the strength, pith of anything; a, vcr- 
sarls in optimoruin civium vel ilore vel robore, 
Cic; b, of soldiers, the flower of the army; 
quod fuit roboris duobus proeliis'interiit, Caes. 

1. robus -a -um, archaic = rufus, red, Juv. 

2. robus -oris, n. = robur (q.v.). 
robustus -a -um (robur). I. of hard wood, 

of oak, oaken; stipites, Liv. II. Transf., 1, 
s' ong, powerful, hard, firm, solid, robust ; si esses 
uau atque aerate robustior, Cic; 2, intelleclualh 
strong, powerful; animus, Cic; malum lit ro 
bustius, Cic. 

rddo, rosi, rosum, 3. to gnaw, nibble at. I. 
Lit.,'1, vivos ungues, Hor.; 2, llg., to cal- 
umniate, disparage, backbite, slander ; absentem 
ainlcum, Hor. ; absol., in conviviis rodunt, Cic. 
II. Transf., to eat aivay, corrode, consume; fer- 
rum robigine roditur, Cic 

1. rodus — raudus (q.v.). 

2. rodus = nidus (q.v.). 
rddusculum = raudusculum (q.v.). 
rogalis -e (rogus), of or relating to the funeral 

pile, Ov. 

rogatio -Onis, f. (rogo). T , asking, question. 
A. Act., asking, Cic. B. rass. , that which is 
asked, a question ; a, as a figure of speech, Cic. ; 
b, polit. t. t., a proposal, proposition, project of 
law, bill laid before the people; Caecilia, proposed 
by Caecilius, Cic; rogationem ad populum ferre, 
Caes. ; rogationem pcrferre, Cic. II. a request, 
entreaty, Cic 

rogatmncula -ae, f. (dim. of rogatio). I. 
a little question, Cic. II. an unimportant pro- 
posal or bill, Cic. 

rogator -oris, m. (rogo), one who asks. I. 
the proposer of a bill, Cic. II. an officer who took 
the votes in the comitia, a polling-clerk ; rogator 
primus, the one who took the votes of the pre- 
rogative century, Cic. 

rogatus -fi, m. (rogo), a request, entreaty; 
rogatu tuo, Cic. ; eius rogatu, Cic. 

rSgitatio -5nis, f. (rogito), a proposition, 
project of law, Plaut. 

rSglto, 1. (freq. of rogo), to ask, inquire 
frequently or eagerly ; rogitante.s alii alios, Liv. ; 
quid reisint, rogitant, Liv. 

rogo, 1. (root ROG, Gr. OPr, whence bpeyu, 
opiyoixai), to stretch after something, to fetch. I. 
Lit, Plaut. II. Transf., A. to ask, inquire, 
question ; 1, gen., a, aliquem aliqnid : quid me 
istud rogas? Cic; b, with de and the abl., quae 
de te ipso rogaro, Cic. ; c, with dep. intcrrog. 
sent., rogatus de cybaea, quid responderit, Cic; 
2, esp., a, polit. t. t., (a) aliquem sententiam 
or aliquem, to ask a person his opinion ; qnos 
priores sententiam rogabat, Cic. ; (/3) rogare 
populum or legem or absol., lit., to ask the people 
about a km; hence, to make a proposal, proposition, 
project of law, etc., to the people, to propose a bill ; 
rogare populum, Cic. ; rogare plebem, Cic. ; rog- 
aro legem, Cic; (7) rogare (populum) magis- 
tratnm, to propose a magistrate to the choice of the 
people, offer a person for election ; ut consules 
roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat, Cic. ; b, 
milit. t. t., rogare milites sacramento, to ad- 
minister an oath to the troops, Caes. B. to ask 



rog 



492 



rot 



entreaty beseech, request ; 1, gen., a, aliquem 
nliquid, Cic. ; b, aliquem; Taunim de aqua per 
fundum eius ducenda, Cic ; c, with ut or ne 
nnd the suhj., or the subj. alone, id ut facias, te 
etiain atque etiam rogo, Cic. ; Caesar consolatus 
rogat tincm oiandi faciat, Caes. ; d, nbsol., 
Cic. ; 2, esp., to invite; aliquem, Cic. (archaic, 
subj. perf., rogassit, rogassint, Cic). 

' rdgUS -i, m. a funeral pile ; rogum exstruere, 
Cic; aliquem in rogum Imponere, Cic; poet., 
carmina diHugiunt rogos, escape destruction, Ov 

Roma -ae, f. ('Pw/xi). Rome, the chief city of 
Ixitium and the Roman empire, founded 753 or 754 
B.C. ; honoured as a goddess in a separate temple. 
Hence, A. Romanus -a -um, 1 Roman ; ludi, 
the oldest names at Rome (also called ludi inagul 
and maxiini), Cic. ; Romano more, straightfor- 
wardly, candidly, Cic; Romanuni est, it is the 
Roman custom; foil, by ace and infln., Liv. ; 
subst, a, Romanus -i, in., (a) sing., collect. 
= Vie liomans, Liv. ;_ (/?) plur., Romani, the 
Somatis, Cic; b, Romana -ae, f. a Roman 
woman; 2, = Latin ; lingua, Ov. 

Romulus -i, in. son of Ilia or Rhea Silvia 
and Mars, twin brother of Remus, the founder and 
first king of Rome, worshipped after his death 
under Me name of Quirinus. Hence. A. Adj., 
Rcmule us -a -um, of Romulus ; fera 2 the she- 
wolf wh ich suckled Romillus, Ju v. B. Romulus 
-a -um, a, belonging to Romulus ; (icus = Runii- 
nalis, Ov. ; b, Roman, Verg. C. Romulldes 
-at, a descendant of Romulus ; plur., Romulldae 
-arum and -um, poet., the Romans, Verg. 

rorarli -5rum, ill. (sc. milites), a kind of 
light-armed troops, skirmishers, Liv. 
rorldus -a -um (ros), bedewed, Prop. 

rorifer -fSra -fSrum (ros and fero), rfei;;- 
briaging, Lucr. 

rdro, 1. (ros). I. Intransit., to cause dew, to 
drop or distil dew. A. Lit., quiiiu rorare 
Titlionia conjux coeperit, Ov. B. Transf., to 
drip, drop, be moist; rorant pennae, Ov. ; capilli 
rorantes, Ov. ; rorabant sanguine vepres, Verg. 
II. Transit., to bedew, cover with dew. A. Lit., 
roratae rosae, Ov.. B. Transf., 1, to moisten, 
water ; ora laerimi9, Lucr. ; 2, to drip, let fall in 
drops; roratae aquae, Ov. ; pocula romntia, which 
let full the wine drop by drop, Cic. 

rorillentus -a-nm (ros), bedewed, dewy, Plin. 

ros, roris, m. (connected with Sp6<ro(;), dewy. 
I. Lit., ros nocturnus, Caes. II. Transf., I, 
poet., any dripping moisture ; rores pluvii, rain- 
clouds, Hor. ; of tears, stillare ex oculis roreni, 
Hor.; stillans, blood, Ov. ; of perfume, Arabus, 
Ov. ; 2, ros marlnus, or in one word losinarinus, 
rosemary, Hor.; poet., ros maris, Ov. ; or simply 
ros, Verg. 

rdsa -ae, f. a rose. I. A As a flower, a, Cic; 
pleiia rosarum atria, Ov. ; b, collect. = roses, 
a garland of roses ; reticulum plenum rosae, Cic; 
in'rosa, crowned with roses, Cic B. As a plant, 
flpres rosae, Hor., Verg. II. As term of endear- 
ment, mea rosa, my rosebud, Plaut. 

rSsaceus -a -um (rosa), made of roses, Plin. ; 
rosaceum oleum, or subst., r<5saccura -i, n. 
oil of roses, Plin. 

rdsarius -a -um (rosa), made of roses, Plin. ; 
subst., rdsarium -i, n. a rose-garden, rosary, 
Verg. 

roscldus -a -um (ros), bedewed, dewy. I. 
Lit., mala, Verg.; mella, dripping like dew, 
Verg.; dea, Av> a, Ov. II. Poet., transf., 
moistened, watered; Hernica saxa rivis, Verg. 

ROSOIUS -a -urn, 7iawie of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were : 1, Sex. 



Roscius, of Anuria, accused of the murder of his 
father, and defended by Cicero ; 2, Q. Roscius, 
of Lanuvivm, a celebrated Roman actor, Vic 
contemporary and friend of Cicero; appellat., 
a Roscius — a master in his art; hence, adj.. 
Rosolanus -a -um, Roscian; iniitatio, Cic; 
3, L. Roscius Otlio, friend of Cicero, tribune oj 
the people, proposer of the lex Roscia ; adj., Ros- 
oius -a -um, Roscian ; lex Roscia, a laiv giving 
the eijuites special seats in the theatre. 

Rosea (Rosia) -ae, f. a district in the- Sabine 
country,_famous for the rearing of horses. Hence, 
adj., Roseus -a -um, Rosnan. 

rSsetum -I, n. (rosa), a garden of roses, 
Varr. 

1. rSseus -a -um (rosa). I. made of roses, 
full of roses; strophlum, Verg. II. Meton., 
rose-coloured, rosy ; rubor, Ov. ; poet., epithet of 
the deities of the morning and of light ; dea, 
Aurora, Ov. ; Phoebus, Verg.; so of anything 
young or fresh, blooming ; csp., of parts of the 
body, cervix, os (of Venus), Verg. 

2. Roseus -a -um, v. Rosea. 
rosidus = roscidus (q.v.). 
rdslo -dnis, f. (rodo), corrosion, Plin. 
rosmarinus, v. ros. 

rostellum -i, n. (dim. of rostrum), a little 
beak or snout, Plin. 

rostra -drum, n., v. rostrum. 

rostratus -a -um (rostrum), having a beak 
or hook, beaked ; esp., of the beaked orna- 
ment of ships,' curved; navis, Cic; corona, o 
crown ornamented with small figures of the beaks 
of ships, given to the person, who first boarded an 
enemy's ship, Plin.; hence, poet., transf., cui 
tempera navali fulgent rostrata coronS, with 
the crown of honoxir on his brow, Verg. ; coluinna 
rostrata, the pillar adorned with ships' prows, 
erected in the forum to commemorate the naval 
victory of Duilius, Liv. 

rostrum -i, n. (rodo), that which gnaws. I. 
Lit., in birds, the beak; in other animals, the 
snout, Cic. II. Transf., of things resembling a 
beak or snout ; esp., A. the curved end of a ship's 
prow, a ship's beak (used for ramming other ships), 
Caes. B. Meton., 1 poet., the prow of a ship, 
Verg. ; 2, rostra -urum, n. the speaker's plat- 
form or trilmne in the forum (so called because 
ornamented with the prows of the ships taken 
from the Antiates, 33S n.c.) ; esccndeic in rostra, 
Cic. ; descendere de rostris, Cic; a rostris, Hor. 

rftta -ae, f. a wheel. I. Lit., A. Gen., the 
wheel of a carriage, Lucr.; of a machine, no 
ourrente rota funis eat retro, Hor. B. Esp., 1, 
a wheel for torture (Gr. Tpoxos), in rotani nsccn- 
dere, Cic ; used often of the wheel of Ixion, 
rota orbis Ixionii, Verg.; 2, a potter's wheel; 
curretite rots cur urceus exit? Hor. ; 3, a wheel 
or roller for moving heavy weights, Tac II. 
Transf., 1, the wheel of a chariot : meton., poet., 
the chariot itseY; pedibusve rotlve, Ov. ; plur., 
rotae, Verg. ; 2, the sun's disk, Lucr. ; 3, the 
course in a circus, Prop. III. Fig., 1, I'ortunae 
rota, the wheel, vicissitudes of fortune, Cic. ; 2, 
poet., imparibus vecta Thalia rofis, in the un- 
equal alternation of hexameter and pentameter, 
i.e., in elegiac verse, Ov. 

rdto, 1. (rota). I. Transit., tn cause to turn 
round, like a wheel, to whirl round, swing round.. 
A. Lit., ensem fulmineum, to brandish, Verg. ; 
middle, rotari, to revolve, to turn or roll round; 
clrcuin caput igne rotato, Ov. B. Fig., Juv. 
II. Intransit., to turn or wheel round; saxa 
rotantia, Verg. 

rotula -ae, f. (dim. of rota), a little wheel, 
Plaut. 



rot 



493 



ruf 



rotunde, adv. (rotundus), roundly; fig., of 
expression, elegantly, smoothly, Cic. 

rotunditas -atis, f. (rotundus), roundness, 
rotundity, Plin. 

rotundo, 1. (rotundus), to round, make round. 
I. Lit,, Cic. II. Transf., to make up a round 
sum of money ; mille talenta rotundentur, Hor. 
rfttundus -a -urn (rota), rouiui, circular, 
spherical. I. Lit, caelum, Hor. ; nihil rotund- 
ius, Cic; prov., mutat quadrata rotunda, turn 
everything upside down, Hor. II. Transf., 1, 
rouiui, perfect, complete, self-contained; teres 
atque rotundus, Hor. ; 2, of style, well-rounded 
elegant, smooth, well-turned ; verborum apU et 
quasi rotunda constructio, Cic. 

riibefacio -feci -factum, 3. (rubeo and facio), 
to redden, make red, Ov. 

riibeHus -a -urn (dim. of ruber), reddish, 
somewhat red, Plin. 

rubens -entis, p. adj. (from rubeo), red, 
reddish ; 1, gen., uva, Verg. ; 2, esp., red with 
shame, blushing, Tib. 

• rubeo, 2. (v. ruber), 1, to be red; sol rubere 
solitus, Liv.; 2, to be red with shame, blush, Cic. 
ruber -bra -brum (root RU, whence rufus 
and rutilus), red, riuldy. I. Gen., flainma, Ov.; 
sanguis, Hor. ; aequor rubrum oceani, reddenal 
by the setting sun, Yerg. II. Adj. proper, A. 
Kubruin Mare, the lied Sea, the Arabian and 
Persian Gulfs, Cic. B. Saxa^ Rubra, a place in 
Etruria, not far from Cremera, Cic. 

rubesco -bui, 3. (rubeo), to grow red, become 
red ; mare rubescebat radiis, Verg. 

1. rubeta -ae, f. (rubus), a species of toad 
found in bramble-bushes, Juv. 

2. rubeta -orum, n. (rubus), bramble-bushes, 
Ov. 

1. riibeus (rSbeus) -a -um (ruber), red, 
reddish, Varr. 

2. riibeus -a -um (rubus), made of bramble, 
twigs; virga, Verg. 

Rubi -orum, m. a town in Apulia, now Ruvo. 
rubia -ae, f. madder, Plin. 
RublCO -5nis, in. a small river tn Italy, south 
of Ravenna, which before the time of Augustus 
marked the boundary between Italia and Gallia 
Cisalpina, the crossing of which by Caesar was an 
act of war against the senate; now Visatello, also 
called Rukon. 

rublcundiilus -a -um (dim. of rubicundus), 
somewhat red (for sliame), Juv. . 

rubicundus -a -um (rubeo), red, reddish, 
ruddy, rubicund; Priapus, painted red, Ov. ; 
matrona, browned by the sun, Ov.; Ceres, golden- 
red, Verg. 

rubidus -a -um (ruber), red, reddish, ruddy, 
Plaut. 
Rubigalia, v. 2. Robigo. 
rublgo = robigo (q.v.). 
Rublgus, v. 2. Robigo. 
rubor -Oris, m. (rubeo), redness. I. a, red 
paint, rouge ; fucati medicainenta candor! . et 
ruboris, Cic. ; b, purple ; Tyrii rubores, V 3rg. 
II. As a quality, 1, lasting, a, gen., Ov. ; b, 
the red lint of the skin, glow; llle fusus et 
candore mixtus rubor, Cic. ; 2, momentary, a, 
redness of the skin; flainmae latcntis indicium 
rubor est, Ov. ; b, glow of the eyes in anger; 
saepe suum fervens oculis dabat ira ruborem, 
Ov.; c reddening from shame, blush ; Masiuissae 
rubor suIVusub, Liv.; alicui non rubor est, with 
infin., one need not blush that, etc., Ov. ; hence, 
meton., (a) modesty, Cic. ; (jS) the cause of shame, 
disgrace, Cic. 



Rubra Saxa, v. ruber. 
rubrlca -ae, f. I. red earth, and esp., red 
ochre, Hor. II. Meton., the title of a law whKh 
was written in red, the rubric; and hence, the 
law itself, Pers. 

rubrioosus -a -um (rubrica), full of red 
earth, Plin. 

rubus -i, m. (root RU, whence rubor), 1, 
a bramble-bush, Caes". ; 2, a blackberry, Prop. ; « • 

ructo, 1 and ructor, 1. dep. (root RUC, 
whence ructus, erugo, eiucto), 1, to belch, 
eructate, Cic; 2, to belch out, vomit forth; ng., 
versus, Hor. 

ructor = ructo (q.v.). ! 

ructus -us, m. (conn, with ructo), belching, 
eructation, Cic 

riidens -entis, m. (f. Plaut.), a strong rope, 
cable; rudentis explicate, Cic; stridor ru- 
dentum, Verg. 

ruder a -um, n., v. 1. rudus. 

Rudiae -arum, f. a town in Calabria, birth- 
place of Ennius, now Rotigliano or Ruge. Hence, 
Rudinus -a-um, of Rudiae; Rudiuus homo, 
i.e., Ennius, Cic. 

rudiarlus -fi, m. (2. rudis), a gladiator who 
had been presented with a rudis, i.e., one who had 
served his time, a discharged gladiator, buet, 

rudloula -ae, f. (dim. of 2. rudis), a small 
wooden spoon, used in cooking, Plin. 

rudimentum -i, n. (rudis), the first trial or 
beginning in anything, an attempt, essay ; a, 

a ..." __„: „.,o,.;i;o T.iv • >» in war- 



gen., primum regni puenlis, Liv. ; D, 
fare, imlitare, L?v. ; belli, Verg. ; rudimentum 
adolesceutiae ponere, Liv. 
Rudinus, v. Rudiae. 

1 rudis -e, rough, raw, rude, unwrougM, 
uncultivated. I. Lit., a, of tilings, rudis 
campus, Verg.; rudis indigestaque moles, chaos, 
Ov. ; lana, unspun, Ov. ; b, poet, of living 
creatures, young, fresh, Cat. II. iransi., 
rude, uncultivated, unrefined, ignorant, un- 
skilled, inexperienced; (a) absol., forma quaedam 
in" enii admodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic , 
rudis et integer discipulus, Cic; (0) with in and 
the abl. or the abl. alone, in disserendo, Cic. ; 
arte, Ov. ; (v) with ad and the ace. rudis ad 
pedestria bella gens, Ov.; («) with genit, 
Graecarum literanim, Cic. 

2 rudis -is, f. a small stick. I. a ladle, 
scoop, used for stirring and mixing in cooking, 
Plin II. a staff used for soldiers and gladiators 
in fencing exercises, a foil, Liv. ; a staff of this 
kind was given to a gladiator on Ins discharge 
from service ; tain bonus gladiator rudem tain 
cito accepisti? Cic; hence, transf., rude douan, 
to be discharged, Ov. 

rudo, rttdivi, 3. to bellow, roar. I. Lit, of 
lions, Yerg. ; of asses, to bray, Ov. II. Transf., 
a, of men, Verg. ; b, of things, prora rudens, 
rattling, Verg. 

1. rudus (rodus) -ens, n. 1, broken frag- 
ments of stone used for making fioors, Plin. , 4, 
rubbish from ruined buildings, lac. 

2. rudus = rauuL's (q.v.). 
rudusoiilum = raudusculum (q.v.). 
rufesco, 3. (rufus), to grow reddish, Plin. 
rufo, 1. (rufus), to make reddish, Plin. 
Rufrae -arum, f. a town in Campania, on the 

borders of Samnium. 
Rufrlum -li, n. a town of the IHrpini, now 

rufulus -a -um (dim. of rufus). I. reddish, 
somewhat red, Plaut. II. Rnfuli, those tnbun 
militum who were chosen by the army or generaf 
himself (p^p- comitiati), I4v. 



ruf 



494 



rur 



rufiis -a -urn (root RU, whence ruber and 
rutilus), red, ruddy, reddish, Plaut., Ter. 

ruga -ae, f. a wrinkle in the face. I. Lit., 
Hor. ; suleare rugis cutem, Ov. ; as a sign of 
age, non rugae auctoritatem arripere possunt, 
Cic. ; of sadness, nunc ruga tristis abit, Ov. ; 
of anger, a frown; rugas coegit, Ov. ; populum 
rugis supercilioquo decepit, Cic. II. Transf., 

1, nitidis rebus maculam ac rugani figere, to dis- 
grace, mar, Juv. ; 2, a creese, fold, plait of any 
kind, Plin. 

Kugli -5rum, m. a German people between the 
Elbe and the Weichsel, and on the island of Riige.n. 

rugo, 1. (ruga). I. Transit., to fold, wrinkle, 
Plin. II. Intransit, to be wrinkled, Plaut. 

rugosus -a -um (ruga), full of wrinkles, 
wrinkled; genae, Ov.; cortex, Ov.; rugosus frig- 
ore pagus, villagers, Hor. 

ruma -ae, f. (ruo), a falling down, fall. I. 
A. Lit., 1, jumentorum sareinarumque, Liv. ; 

2, esp., the falling down of a building; turns, 
Cues. ; e& ruina oppressura interne, Cic. ; 
ruinam dare, to fall down, Verg. B. Transf., 
fall, ruin, disaster, calamity, catastrophe, destruc- 
tion; urbis, Liv.; ruinae fortunarnm tuaruni, 

Cic. j'ille dies utramque ducet ruinam, death, 
Hor. II. Meton., A. that which falls down; 1, 
caeli ruina, a rain-storm, Verg. ; 2, the ruins of 
a building, rubbish; gen. in plur., ruinae tera- 
plorom, Liv. B. Of persons, a destroyer, over- 
throv:er, bane; reipublicae, Cic; ruinae pub- 
licanorum, Piso and Gabinins, Cic. 

ruinosus -a -um (ruina), going to ruin ; 1, 
ruinous; aedes, Cic; 2, ruined, fallen ; domu.s, 
Ov. 

Rullus -i, ni., i . Servilius, tribune of the 
people, against whom Cicero delivered three speeches. 
ruma = rumis (q.v ). 
rumen -Inis, n. the gullet. 
rumex -Icis, c sorrel, Plin. 

rumifico, 1. (minor and facio), to report, 
Plaut 

Ruroina -ae, f. (ruma), a Roman goddess, 
whose temple stood near the fig-tree under which, 
according to the legend, the she-wolf had suckled 
Romulus and Remus. Hence, Rummaiis 
ricus, Liv., also called Rfuulna ficus, the fig- 
tree, above-mentioned, Ov. 

ruminatio -onis, f. (rmnino), a chewing the 
cud. I. A. Lit., Plin. B. a repetition, return, 
Plin. II. turning over in the mind, ruminating 
upon, Cic. 

rununo, 1. and ruminor, 1. dep. (rumen), 
to chew the cud, ruminate, chew over again ; 
pallentes lierbas, Verg. 

rumis -is, f. and ruma ae, f. the breast, 
teat, Plin. 

rumor -oris. m. a dull noise. I. Gen., a, of 
things, the noise of the oars, Verg. 1 ; b, murmur- 
ing, murmur, confused cry; rnmore secundo = 
ciimore secundo, with favouring shout, Hor. 
II. A. a report, rumour, common talk, hearsay; 
rumores incerti, Caes. ; rumor inulta fingit, 
Caes. ; rumor multa perfei t, Cic ; with genit. of 
the cause, uno rumore perieuli, Cic ; with <le 
and the abl., graves de te rumores, Cic; 
rumor est, with ace and infin., Cic; rumor 
vulgatur, Liv. ; crebri rumores aflbrebontur, 
Caes. ; iuorebrescit rumor, Liv. B. common or 
general opinion, popular judgment; 1, gen., 
parva aura rnmoris, Cic; 2, esp., good opinion; 
rurnorem quendam et plausum popularcin esse 
quaesitum, Cic. 

rumpo, rupi, ruptum, 3. to break, break in 
pieces, burst, rend, tear asunder. I, Lit., A. 



Gen., 1, vincuk, Cic. ; pontem, to break down, 
Liv. ; pass., rumpi = to be burst ; inflataa rumpi 
vesiculas, Cic; 2, to burst, split, injure, damage; 
jecur, Juv. ; pass., rumpi, as middle = to burst; 
ut licentia audacium, qua ante rumpebar (burst 
with anger), nunc no movear quidem, Cic; 3, 
mili t. t. t., to brea!; through; ordines, mediam 
aciom, Liv.; 4, poet., transf., unde tibi reditnm 
ceito subtemine Parcae rupere, cut off, Hor. 
B. 1, to break through, to force, make open ; ferro 
per hostes viam, Verg. ; eo cuueo viuni, Liv. ; 
2, to cause to break forth ; a, fontem, Ov. ; 
oiten reflex., se rumpere, and middle, rumpi, to 
break forth ; tantus se nubibus imber ruperat, 
Verg.; b, to cause a sound to burst forth, to utter ; 
questus, Verg. II. Fig., to break; a, to destroy, 
violate, annul, make void; foedera, Cic; jus 
gentium, Liv. ; testamentum, Cic. ; b, to break 
off, interrupt, disturb; visum, Cic; somnuni, 
Verg.; silentia, Ov.; rumpe moras, Verg. 

rumusculus -i, in. (dim. of rumor), a 
trifling rumour, idle talk, gossip; imperitorum 
homiuum rumusculos aucupari, Cic. 

rur.a -ae, f. a species of missile, a dart or 
javelin, Cic (?) 

runclnc, 1. to plane, plane off, Plaut. 

runco, 1. to weed, thin out, Plin. 

ruo, riii, rutum, but partic fut., ruiturns, ". 
(connected with pew, to flow), to run, to rush, to 
hasten. I. Intransit., A Gen., 1, lit., a, of 
persons, (Pompejum) ruere nuntiant et jam 
jamque adesse, Cic. ; in aquam caeci ruebant, 
Liv. ; b, of rivers, de montibus, Verg. ; c, of 
sounds, unde ruunt, rush forth, Verg. ; d, of 
night and day, ruifc oceano nox, hastens over, 
Verg. ; (but) nox ruit, hastensaway, Verg. ; 2, tig., 
a f in armaac dimicationcm, Liv. ; adintcritum, , 
Cic ; b, esp. of over hasty actions, to be hasty, 
precipitate; ruere in agendo, in dicendo, Cic B. 
to fall down, sink, fall to the ground ,- 1, lit., a, 
poet., of persons, ruebant victores vic.tique, 
Verg. ; b, of things, ruere ilia non possunt, ut 
haee non eodem lal»'iacta motii non concidant, 
Cic. ; 2, transf., to fall, be ruined; ruere illamrem- 
publicam, Cic. II. Transf., A 1, to snatch up, 
pick up ; a, cinerem ct confusa ossa focis, Verg. ; 
b, to collect together, scrape together ; unde divitias 
aerisque ruam acervos, Hor. ; 2, to cast up from 
below; a, ruere spumas salis aere (of ships), 
V" rg. ; b, legal, t. t., rata et cacsa, and by asyn- 
deton, riita eaesa, everything on an estate dug up 
(ruta), and fallen down (caesa), minerals v.nA 
timber, Cic. B. to cast down; immauem niolem 
volvunlque ruuntque, Verg. 

rupes -is, f. (rumpo), a rock, cliff, Caes., Liv. 

rupicapra -ae, f. (rupes and capra), a 
chamois, Plin. 

ruptor -oris, m. (rumpo), abrcaker, violator; 
foederis, Liv. 

ruricola -ae, c. (rus and colo), inhabiting 
cultivating the country ; boves, Ov. ; deus, Pria- 
pus, Ov. Subst., ruricola -ae, m. a country- 
man, a tiller of the field; poet., of an ox, Ov. 

rurlgena -ae, m. (rus and gigno), bom in the 
country, rustic. Subst, rurigenae -arum, p, 

the countryfolk, Ov. 

ruro, 1. and ruror, 1. dep. (rus), to live in 
the country, Plaut. 

rursiis and rursum, adv. (contr. for re- 
vorsus, revorsum, i.e., reversus, reversum). I. 
backward, back; rursum trahunt, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. on the other ha.nd, on the contrary, 
in return; rursus repudiaret, Cic B. To ex- 
press repetition of a previous action, again, 
once more, afresh ; rursus sevocanda videatur 
Cic. ; rursus resistens, Caes, 



rus 



495 



Sab 



rus, ruris, n. the country (in opposition to the 
town), lands, a country-seat, villa, farm. I. Lit., 
habes rus amoenuin, Cic. ; ace, rus, to the 
country, Plaut, ; plur., in sua rura venire, Cic. ; 
abl., rure, and locat., ruri, in the country ; ruri 
vivere, Cic. II. Meton., manent vestigia ruris, 
truces of boorish nature, lior. 

Ruscino -onis, f. a town in Gallia Narbo- 
nensis, on a river of the same name, now Tourde 
Rousillon. 

ruscum -i, n. and ruscus -1, f. butclicr's 
broom, Verg. 

Rusellae -arum, f. one of the twelve confeder- 
ate towns of Etruria, now ruins near Roselle ; 
hence, adj., Kusellanus -a -um, belonging to 
Rusellae. 

russus -a -um, red, russet. Cat. 

rusticanus -a -um (rusticus), of or relating 
to the country, rustic; vita rusticana, Cic; hom- 
ines rusticani, Cic. 

rusticatio -5nis, f. (rusticor). I. a living in 
the country, Cic. II. agriculture, Cic. 

rustice, adv. (rusticus). I. like a rustic, in 
a countrified manner ; loqui, Cic. II. Metun., 
clownishly, avjkwardly ; faeere, Cic. 

ntsticitas -atis, f. (rusticus), a, rustic 
■manners, rusticity, awkioardii-ess, Ov. ; b, "bash- 
fulness, timidity, Ov. 

rusticor, 1. dep. (rusticus), to live in the 
country, to rusticate; abso)., Cic. ; cum aliquo, 
Cic. 

rusticulus -a -um (dim. of rusticus), some- 
what rustic, boorish. Subst., rusticulus -i, 
in. a little countryman, a little rustic, Cic. 

rusticus -a -um (rus), of or belonging to the 
country, rund, rustic. I. Lit., A. Adj., praedium, 
Cic. ; vita, Cic. ; homo, a countryman, Cic. B. 
Subst., rustlCUS -i, m. a countryman, a rustic, 
Cic. II. Meton., country-like. A. In a good 
sense, plain, simple, homely ; mores, Cic. S. 
In a bad sense, clownish, countrified, awkward, 
boorish; rustica vox et agrestis, Cic. Subst., 
rusticus -i, m. a boor, clown; rustica -ae, f. 
a country-girl, Ov. 

\. ruta -ae, f. (pv-rj), the herb rue. I. Lit., 
Cic. ; plur.,Ov. II. Fig., bitterness, unpleasant- 
ness, Cic. 

2. ruta caesa, v. ruo. 

rutabulum -i, n. (ruo), afire-shovel, Suet. 

rutatus -a -um (1. ruta), flavoured with rue, 
Mart. 

Ruteni (Rutheni) -drum, m. a Celtic 
people in Gallia Aquitania, in modern Rovergue, 
with capital Segodunum, now Rlwdez. 

rutilesco, 3. (rutilo), to become reddish, 
Plin. 

RutiliUS -a -um (orig. appellat. = red), 

name of a Roman gens, the most celebrated member 
of which ivas P. Rutilius Rufus, an. orator and 
historian, consul in tlie time of Marius. 

rutilo, 1. (rutilus). I. Intransit., to shine 
with a reddish gleam, to glitter like gold ; anna 
rutilare vident, Verg. II. Transit., to make 
reddish, to dye red ; comae rutilatae, Liv. 

rutilus -a -um (root RU, whence ruber and 
rufus), red, gold-red, golden, yellow, auburn; ca- 
pilli, Ov. ; ignis, Verg. ; cruor, Ov. ; fulgor, Cic. 

rutrum -i, n. (ruo), a spade, shovel, Liv. 

rutula -ae, f. (dim. of ruta), a little bit of 
rue, Cic. 

Rutull -orurn and (poet.) -Um, m. the Ru- 
tuli, an ancient people of Ixitium, whose capital 
was Ardea; sing., Rutulus -i, m. a Rutulian, 



Verg. ; Rutulus audax, Turnus, king of the 
Rutuli, Verg. Hence, adj., Rutulus -a -um, 
Rutulian ; rex, Turnus, Verg. 

Rutupiao -arum, f. a town of the Cuvernl 
in Britain, perhaps the modern Richborough. 
Hence, adj., Riitupmus -a -um, belonging la 
Rutupiae. 



s. 



Ss, the eighteenth letter of the Latin alpha- 
j bet, corresponding to the Greek sigma 
(2, cr, s), sumetimes representing the Greek 
aspirate, e.g., sex = ef, sal = aA;, serpo = 
epiru), vnip — super. It is occasionally inter- 
changed with t (as mersare, pulsare, mertare, 
pulture), and r (as honor and honos). The poets 
of the older period often elided s before a con- 
sonant, e.g., vita illadignu' locouue ; by assimi- 
lation, 3 before /becomes f, as ditficilis ; it often 
represents another consonant which has been 
assimilated to it, as jubeo, jussi (for jubsi),cedo, 
cessi (for cedsi), premo, pressi (for premsi), 
pando, passum (for pandsum). For abbrevia- 
tions in which S. is used, v. Table of Abbrevia- 
tions. 

Saba -ae, f. (SajSrj), a district in Arabia Felix, 
famous for its perfumes. Hence, Sabaeus -a 
-um (Sa/Saios), Sabaean; poet. = Arabian. 
Subst,, a, Sabaea -ae, f. (sc. terra), tlie country 
of Sabaea (— Arabia Felix) ; b, Sabaei -drum, 
in. the Sabaeans. 

S abate -Ss, f. a town in Etruria, on a lake 
of tlie same name, now Lago di Bracciano. Hence, 
adj., Sabatmus -a -um, of or relating to Sa- 
bate; tribus, Liv. 

Sabazius (Sabadius, Sebadius) -ii, m. 
(2aj3afio5), a sarname of Bacchus, Cic. Hence, 
Sabazia -orum, n. a festival in honour of 
Bacchus. 

Sabbata -Crum, n. (2a/3/Jara), the Sabbath, 
Jewish day of rest; tricesima sabbata, either the 
great Sabbath (a Jewish festival in October), or 
else the new moon, Hor. Hence, Sabbatarius 
-a -um, relating to the Sabbath. Subst., Sab- 
batarii -orum, m. the observers of the Sabbath, 
the Jews, Mart. 

Sabelli -orum, m. (dim. of Sabini), a poetic 
name of the Sabines ; sing., Sabellus, the Sabine 
(i.e., Horace, as owner of an estate in the 
Sabino country), Hor. Hence, A. Adj., Sa- 
bellus -a -um, Sabine. B. SabeUlcus -a 
-um, Sabine. 

Sabiui -5rum, m. an ancient people of Italy, 
neighbours of the Latins; meton. = the country 
of the Sabines, Liv. ; sing., Sabinus -i, m. a 
Sabine, Liv. ; Sab'ina -ae, f. a Sabine woman, 
Juv. Hence, adj., Sabinus -a -um, a Sabine. 
Subst,, Sabinum -i. n. (sc. vinum), Sabine 
wine, Hor. 

Sabis -is, ace. -ira, m. a river in Gallia Bel- 
gica, now the Sambre. 

sabuleta -Orum, n. (sabulum), sandy places, 
Plin. 

sabulo -8nis, m. gravel, sand, Plin. 

sabulosus -a -um (sabulum), abounding in 
sand, sandy, gravelly, Plin. 
sabulum -i, n. gravel, sand, Plin. 

1. saburra -ae, f. sand used as ballast, 
Verg. 

2. Saburra -ae, n. a general of king Juba. j 



sab 



496 



eae 



■ silburro, 1. (saburra). I. to load with lal- 
last, Plin. II. Transf., to cram full (with food), 
Plaut. 

sacal, indecl. (an Egyptian word), Egyptian 
amber, Plin. 

saccarius -a -urn (saccus), relating to sails; 
na\is, laden with sacks, Quint. 

saccharon -i, n. (vaKxapov), a saccharine 
juice exuding from the joints of the bamboo, Plin. 

sacciporium -li, n. (saccus and pera), a 
poclMt or job for a purse, Plaut. 

sacco, 1. (saccus), to strain or filter through a 
bay, Plin. ; trausf., Lucr. 

sacculus -i, in. (dim. of saccus), a small bag, 
Cic. 

saccus -i, m. (<tokkos), a, sack, bag, Cic; esp., 
a purse, money-bag, lior. ; also a bag (for strain- 
ing wine through), Plin. 

sacellum -i, n. (dim. of sacrum), a small 
shrine or chapel, Cic. 

sacer -era -crum (root SA, whence sancio, 
san us, Gr. coos), sacred, holy, consecrated. I. 
Adj., A. Gen., a, w'ith dat and genit., sacrum 
deae pec.us, Liv. ; ilia insula eorum deorum 
sacra putatur, Cic. ; b, absol., sacra aedes, Cic; 
vates, sacred to Apollo, Hor. ; poet., of deities 
themselves, Vesta,- Prop. ; name of certain 
places, as sacer mons, the holy hill, a hill in 
the Sabine country, three Roman miles from Rome, 
on the right lank of the Anio, Liv. ; sacra via, 
the holy street, a street in Rome beginning at 
the Sacellum Streniae and ending at the Capitol; 
also sacer clivus, Hor. B. Esp., consecrated 
to one of the infernal deities, hence accursed, 
devoted to destruction; a, relig. t. t., eius caput 
Jovi (Stygio) sacrum esset, ap. Liv. ; eum qui 
eorum euiquam nocucrit sacrum sanciri, Liv. ; 
b, transf., detectable, accursed, horrible ; is intest- 
abilis ct sacer esto, Hor. ; auri sacra fames, 

Verg. II. Subst., sacrum -i, n, that which is 
holy. A. a holy thing; a, lit., sacrum rapere, 
Cic. ; b, poet., transf., of poems, sacra caelestia, 
0v. B. some holy obsermnce, a festival, sacrifice; 
a, lit., sacra Cereris, Cic. ; sacra facere Graeco 
Herculi, Liv. ; so of the private religious rites 
peculiar to each Roman gens, sacra gentilicia, 
Liv. ; sacia interire majores noluerunt, Cic ; 
eisdem uti sacris, Cic. ; b, transf., a secret, mys- 
tery, Ov. 

sacerdos -dot-is, c. (sacer), aprie.it, priestess; 
sacerdotos populi Romani, Cic ; in apposition, 
regina sacerdos, Shea, a vestal, Verg. 

sacerddtalis -e (sacerdos), of or relating 
to a priest, priestly, sacerdotal, Plin. 

sacerdotium -li, n. (sacerdos), the office or 
dignity of a priest, priesthood; sacerdotium in- 
ire, Cic. 

sacopenium -li, n. (o-ayoTn)voi>), the gum. of 
an umbelliferous plant, Plin. 

sacramentum -i, n. (sacro), that which 
binds or obliges a person. I. Legal t. t., the 
money deposited with the tresviri capitales by the 
parties in a suit, which the defeated party lost; 
multae sacramenta, Cic; meton., a kind of 
legal challenge or wager, a civil suit, process; 

justo sacramento contendere cum aliquo, Cic. 
II. Milit. t. t., the engagement entered into by 
newly-enlisted soldiers, the military oath of alle- 
giance ; 1, a, lit., aliquem militiae sacra- 

"mento obligare, Cic; milit«;« sacramentn rogare, 
Caes., Liv., or adigere, Liv.; die 
mentum, Cacs., or sacramento, Liv.; allcni 
iJicramento or sacramentum dicere, to swear 
allegiance to, Cacs. ; b, me ton., military service, 
Tac. ; 2, transf., an oath; perlidum sacra- 
mentum dicere, Hor. 



Sacrani -oruin, m. a people in Latium ; 

hence, Sacranus -a -urn, of the Sacrani ; aoies, 
Vorg. 

sacrarium -li, n. (sacrum). I. a place 
where sacred things are kept, the sacristy of a 
temple, Ov. ; Caere sacrarium populi Romani 
(as the Roman religious vessels, etc., were said to 
have once been taken to Caere), Liv. II. aplace 
of worship, a chapel, temple ; Bonae Deae, Cic. ; 
the chapel in a private house; in tuo sacrario, Cic. 

sacratus -a -am, p. adj. (from sacro), sacred, 
holy, consecrated; templum, Verg. ; used esp. 
of the Roman emperor, whose genius was wor- 
shipped, dux (i.e., Augustus), Ov. 

sacrieola -ae c (sacrum and colo), a sacri- 
ficing priest or priestess, Tac. 

sacrlfer -fera -fgrum (sacrum and fero), 
carrying sacred things; rates, Ov. 

sacrif icaUs (sacriflcialls) -e (sacrific- 
ium), of or relating to the sacrifices, Tac. 

sacrif ieatio -onis, f. (sacrifico), a sacrific- 
ing, Cic. 

sacrif lcium -li, n. (sacrifico), a sacrifice; 
facere sacriticium and sacrilicia, Cic. 

sacrifico, 1. and sacrif Icor.l. dep. (sacri- 
ficus). I. Intransit., to offer sacrifice, to sacrifice; 
alicui majoribus hostiis, Liv. ; in sacrilicando, 
Cic. II. Transit., to offer in sacrifice, to sacri- 
jice; suem, Ov. ; pecora, Liv. 

sacrif Iciilus -i, m. (dim. of sacrificus), a 

sacrificing priest, Liv. ; rex sacrificus, the priest 
in llome under the Republic who offered the sacri- 
fices previously offered by the kings, Liv. 

sacrificus -a -um (sacrum and facio). I. 
sacrificing; Ancus, Ov. ; rex (v. sacrificulus), 
Liv. II. o/or relating to a sacrifice; ritus, Ov. 

sacrilegium -ii, n. (sacrilegus). I. robbery 
of a temple, stealing of sacred things, sacrilege; 
sacrilegium prohibere, Liv. II. profanation of 
religious rites, Kep. 

sacrilegus -a -um (sacra and lego). I. 
stealing sacred things, sacrilegious; subst., a 
temple-robber, Cic. II. violating or profaning 
sacred things, irreligious, impious; a, lit., used 
of Pentheus, who despised the worship of 
Bacchus, Ov. ; b, transf., godless, impious, 
wicked ; linguae, manus, Ov. 

Sacriportus -us, m. (sacer and portus). I. 
a town not far from Rome in the Volscian country 
between Signin and Vracncste. II. a town on the 
Tarentine Gulf. 

Sntcrlum -ii, n. Scythian amber, Plin. 

sacro, 1- (sacer). I. to dedicate to a god, con- 
secrate. A. Lit., caput, Liv. ; aras, Verg. B. 
Transf., 1, to devote, give, allot ; honorem alicui, 
Verg. ; 2, meton., to consecrate, make holy, make 
inviolable; foedus, Liv.; lex saciata, a law, the 
violation of v;hich was punished by a curse, Cic 
II. to make imperishable, to immortalise ; aliquem 
Lesbio plectro, Hor. ; vivit eloqnentia Catunis 
sacrata scriptis omnia generis, Liv. 

sacrosanctus -a -um (sacer and sanctus), 
consecrated with religions ceremonies ; hence, 
holy, sacred, inviolable (of the tribunes of the 
people)'; utplebi sui magistrates essent sacro- 
sanctl, Liv.; possessiones, Cic. ; potestas (of the 
tribune), Liv. ; alicuius memoria, Plin. 

sacrum, v. sacer. 

Sadala and Saddles -ae, rn. a Thracian 
prince, son ofCotys ill. 

Sacclum = saeculnm (q.v.). 

saecularls (seciilaris) -e (saeculuin), re- 
lating to a sueculuin or age; ludi, secular gatws 



sae 



497 



sag 



(celebrated at intervals of 110 years), Suet. ; 
carmen, a hymn sung at the secular games, Suet. 
saeculum (seculum, syncop. saeclum, 
seclum) -i, n. (perhaps connected with 1. secus 
and with sexus). I. race, sex, generation; mulie- 
bre, Lucr. II. Transf., A. In a restricted sense, 
like vevea, this average duration of a man's life 
[33 1 years), a generation, age ; 1, lit., multa sae- 
eula hoiuinuin, Cic. ; 2, nieton., a, the human 
race living at any particular generation, the age, 
the limes; ipse fortasse in liuius saeculi wore 
versor, Cic. ; b, the spirit of the age, the prevailing 
tone of manners ; mitescent saecula, Verg. B. In 
a wider sense, the longest duration of a man's 
life, a hundred years, a century ; 1, a, lit. , duobus 
propo saecula ante, Cic; b, transf., an indefi- 
nitely long time, an age ; aliquot saeculis post, 
Cic. ; saeclis effeta senectus, Verg. ; 2, melon., 
the men living in a particular century, the cen- 
tury ; saeculorum reliqunrum judicium, Cic. 

saepe, adv., comp. saeplus, superl. saepis- 
slme, often, oftentimes, frequently, Cic. ; bene 
saepe, Cic. ; saepe et inultum, Cic. ; saepe niulti, 
Cic. ; saepenumero, repeatedly, again and again, 
Cic. 

saepes (sepes) -is, f. (<nj/c<5s), a hedge, fence. 

saepia = sepia (q.v.). 

saepicule, adv. (dim. of saepe), pretty often, 
Plaut. 

saepimentum (sepnnentum) -i, n. 
(saepio), an inclosure, Cic. 

Saepinum -i, n. a small town in Samnium, 
now Sepino. 

saepio (sepio), saepsi, saeptum, 4. (saepes), 
to surround with a hedge, to hedge in, to inclose. 
I. a, lit., vallum arboribus, Liv. ; b, fig., locum 
cogitatior.e, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to shut in, to 
confine, to surround; urbes moenibus, Cic; se 
tectis, to shut oneself up at home, Verg. ; 2, a, 
to beset, to occupy ; vias, Liv. ; b, to guard, to 
secure, protect : natura oculos membranis vesti- 
vit et saepsit, Cic. 

saepta -orum, n., v. saeptum. 

saeptum (septum) -i, n. (saepio), ait in- 
closure, barrier. I. Gen., quibus saeptis beluas 
continebimus, Cic. II. Esp., saepta -orum, 
h. the inclosure where the Ilomans voted at the 
comitia, sometimes erected in the forum, sometimes 
in the Campus Martins, Cic. 

saet ... v. set . . . 

Saetabis -bis. I. m. a river in Spain, now 
Mijares or Myares, or else Cenia or Senia. II. 
f. a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, famous 
for Us flax. Adj., Saetabus -a -uin, relating 
to Saetabis. 

saetiger and saetosus = setiger, setosus 
(q.v.). 

saeve, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(saevus), cruelly, barbarously, ferociously, Hor. 

saevidicus -a -um (saevus and dico), angrily 
spoken ; dicta, Ter. 

saevio -li -itum, 4. (saevus), to rage, befler:e, 
furious. I. Lit., of animals, saevit lupus, Ov. ; 
unguis, Verg. ; saevire coepisse (of elephants), 
Liv.; in aliquem, Ov. II. Transf., a, of men, 
to be furious, angry; saevire in obsides, Liv.; 
irapers., in ceteros suevituin esse, Liv. ; b, of 
things and of abstractions, to rage; saevit pontus, 
Hor. ; saevit venenuin In praecordiis, Hor. ; 
saevit amor ferri, Verg. 

saevlter = saeve (q.v.). 

saevitia -ae, f. (saevus), ferocity. I. Lit., of 
animals, canum, Plin. II. Transf., fierceness, 
rage, cruelty, harshness, severity; a, of men, 
jucjicis, Cic. ; credjtorum, Tac. ; hostiuiri, Sail. ; 



b, of inanimate and abstract things ; annonae, 
high price of provisions, Tac. 

saevum = sebum (q.v.). 

saevus -a -um, raging, wild, violent, fierce. 

I. Lit, of animals, leones, Lucr.; saevior leaena, 
Verg. II. Transf., raging, fierce, cruel, savage, 
harsh ; a, of persons, Juno, Verg. ; Aeneas saevmi 
in armis, terrible, Verg. ; poet, with the infin., 
quaelibet in quemvis opprobria tlngere saevus, 
Hor. ; b, of inanimate and abstract tilings, 
aequora, Verg.; ventus, Cic; scopulus, Verg.; 
funera, Verg. 

saga -ae, f. (root SAC, whence sagio), afemah 
soothsayer, prophetess, fortune-teller, Cic. 

sagaoitas -atis, f. (sagax), I. keenness, acute- 
ness of the senses ; esp., keenness of scent in dogs ; 
canum ad investigauduin sagacitas narium, Cic. 

II. Transf., mental acuteness, sagacity, shrewd- 
ness ; liominis, Cic. 

sagaciter, adv. (sagax), sharply, keenly. 
I. Of the senses, with, keen scent, Plin. II. 
Transf., of the mind, acutely, sagaciously, 
shrewdly ; pervestigare, Cic. ; tu sagacius odor- 
abere, Cic ; utodorer, quam sagacissime possiin, 
quid sentiant, etc., Cic. 

Sagaris, ace -im, abl. -i, ni. and Sang- 
ariUS -li, m. (Zayyapios), a river in 1'hrygia 
and Bithynia, flowing into the Propontis, now 
Sakarja, Sakari. Hence, Sagaritis -Wis, f. 
o/or relating to Sagaris; nyinpha, Ov. 

sagatUS -a -um (sagum), clothed with a 
sagum; esp., of a soldier in a military cloak, 
Cic 

sagax -acis (sagio), having keen senses. I. 
keen-scented; canes, Cic; of quick hearing; 
sagacior anser, Ov. II. Transf., of mental acute- 
ness, acute, clever; mens, Cic; sagacissimus ad 
suspicandum, Cic. ; with infin., sagax quondam 
ventura videre, Ov. 

sagina -ae, f. (crdTTw, to fill), t. fattening, 
feeding, nourishing, stuffing, cramming, Cic. II. 
Transf., food, fodder, nourishment, Tac. 

sagiiio, 1. (sagina), to fatten, feed up, cram. 
I. Lit., porcum, Prop.; quae copia rerum om- 
nium (illos Gallos) saginaret, Liv. II. Transf., 
sanguine reipublicae S3ginari, Cic. 

sagio, 4. (root SAC, whence sagax, sagus), to 
perceive quickly, feel keenly ; sagire sentire acute 
est, Cic. 

sagltta -ae, f. an arrow. I. Lit., Cic. II. 
Transf., the Arrow, a constellation, Cic. 

Sagittarius -a -um (sagitta), of or relating 
to arrows; subst., Sagittarius -li, m. an 
archer; a, lit., Cic. ; b, transf., the constellation 
Sagittarius, also called Arcitenens, Cic. 

sagittifer -fera -ffirum (sagitta and fero). 
I. carrying arrows ; pharetra, Ov. II. armed 
with arrows ; Geloni, Verg. 

Sagittipotens -entis, m. (sagitta and 
potens), the constellation Sagittarius, Cic. 

sagmen -Inia, n. (SAC, sacer, sancio), a 
bunch of sacred herbs plucked in the citadel, by 
bearing which the persons of the Roman fetiales 
ami ambassadors became inviolable, Liv. 

Sagra -ae, c a river in the country of the 
Rrvttii, on the banks of which a battle was fought 
580 B.C., between Croton and Locri, now Sacriano^ 

sagulum -i, n. (dim. of sagum), a small 
military cloak, Cic. 

sagum -i, n. (o-ayo?, a Celtic word), a mantle 
made oj coarse wool worn by slaves, also the plaid 
of the Celts ; esp., of soldiers, a military cloak, 
Caes. ; hence, symbolical of war, as the toga of 
peace ; hence, saga sumere, ad saga ire, to take 
up arms, prepare far war, Glc. ; in sagis ease, to 



Sag 



498 



Sal 



be in arms, Cic. ; saga ponere, to lay down arms, 
Liv. 
Saguntia, v. Segontia. 

Saguntum -i, n. and Saguntus (-6s) 

-i, f. a town in Sjxiin, south of the Ebro, now 
Murviedro, the besieging of which Sy Hannibal 
led to the outbreak of the Second Punic War. 
Hence, A. Saguntinus -a -urn, Saguntine. 
B. Saguntii -urn, m. the people of Saguntum. 

sagus -a -um (root SAO, whence sagio), pro- 
phetical, soothsaying; subst., saga -ae, f. u 
fortune-teller, Cic. 

Sais -is, f. (2ai.'s), the old capital of Lower 
Egypt, now ruins near Sd el Hagqar. Hence, 
Saitae -arum, in. the inhabitants of Sais. 

sal, sJlis, m. and n., and plur., sales, m. 
(root 'AA, 0A5), salt. I. 1, lit., multi raodii salis, 
Cic; 2, rig., salt, i.e., wit, facetiousness ; epis- 
tolae hurnanitatis sparsae sale, Cic. ; sale et 
facetiis Caesar vicit omnes, Cic. II. Meton., 
1, the sait sea; campi salis, Verg. ; 2, piur., 
sales, salt taste, Ov. 

Salacia -ae, f. (saltim and cieo), a sea-goddess, 
corresponding to the Greek. Tethys, wife ofOceanus. 

salaco -onis, m. (a-aKdKuiv), a swaggerer, 
boaster, braggart, Cic. 

Salamis -minis, ace. -mina, f. (SaAam's). I. 
on island and iownin the Saron.ic Gulf, over against 
Eleusis, scene of a naval victory of the Greeks over 
the Persians, now Koluri. II. a town in Cy- 
prus, built by Teucer. Hence, Salaminius -a 
-uin, a, relating to the island Salamis; Sala- 
mlnii -orum, m. the Salaminians, inhabitants of 
Salamis; b, relating to the town of Salutnis in 
Cyprus; subst, Salaininii -Oram, m. the in- 
habitants of Salamis in Cyprus. 

Salapia -ae, f. a town in Apulia, now the 
village ofSapj. nence.Salapitani-urum, m. 
and Salapini (Salpmi) drum, in. the in- 
habitants of Salapia. 

salaputtium (salaputmm) -ii, n. a little 
dwarf, manikin, Cat. 

SalariUS -a -um (sal), of or relating to salt. I. 
Adj., annona, yearly revenue from salt, Liv. ; adj. 
prop., Salaria via, or simply Salaria, a road be- 
ginning at the Porta Capcna and leading into the 
Sabine country, the Sait Road, so called because 
the Sabines used it for conveying their sal* from 
the sea, Cic. II. Subst, salarium -!i. n. 
salt rations, money given to soldiers and officers 
far salt, and hence, allowance, pay, wages, siilary, 
Su.t. 

Salassi -drum, m. Vie Salassi, an Alpine 
people in modern Savoy. 

salax -acis (1. salio). I. Of male animals, 
lustful, lecherous; aries, Ov. II. Transf., exciting 
lust ; eruca, Ov. 

salebra -ae, f. (1. salio), a rough, uneven road, 
L Lit., Hor. II. Fig., applied to discourse, 
roughness, ruggedness ; oratio haeret in salebra, 
sticks fast, Cic. 

salebrosus -a -um (salebra), rugged, rough ; 
saxa, Ov. 

Salentini (SaUentini) -orum, m. a people 
of Calabria on, the coast ; me ton., the country of 
the Salentini. Adj., Salentinus -a -um, So- 
lentinian. 

Salernum -i, n. a town on the Adriatic Sea, 
in the Picentinc country, now Salerno. 

SaHaris, v. Salii. 

Saliatus -us, m. (Sain), the office or dignity 
of a priest of Mars. 

sal least rum -i, n. (salix), a kind of vine 
growing wild among the willows, Plin. 



SalictariUS -a -um (salix), o/or relating in 
willows, Plin. 

salictum -i, u. (syncop. for salicetum, from 
salix), a plantation of willows, Cic. 

salientes -ium, m., v. 2. salio. 

salignus -a -um (salix), made of willow -wood , 
fustis, Hor. 

Salii -orum, m. (salio, i.e., the leapers, 
jumpers), a college of priests of Mars, instituted 
by Nwm, whose sacred processions, accompanied 
by sinijers and, armed dancers, took placean 11 ually 
in the beginning of March. Hence, Saliaris 
-e, a, lit, relating to the^alii; carmen Nuniae, 
Hor.; b, transf., splendid, magnificent (from the 
sumptuous feasts that followed the procession 
of the Salii) ; epulari Saliarem in inodum, Cic. 

salillum -i, n. (dim. of salinuin), a little 

salt-cellar, Cat. 

salinae -arum, f. (sal), salt-iCorks, brine-pits. 
I. Gen., Cic, Caes. ; in jesting reference to 
sal (wit), possessio salinarum tuearuni, Cic. II. 
Esp., A. salt-works on the banks of the Tiber ; in 
full, salinae Itomanae, Liv. B. Salinae, a place 
in Rome, near the Porta Trigemnia, Liv. 

salinum -i, n. (sal), a salt-cellar, Hor. 

1. salio (sallio), 4. (sal), to salt, pickle, Varr. 

2. salio, silui (salii rare), saltum, 4. (root 
SAL, Gr. 'AA, whence aMo^ai). I. lntransit, 
to spring, leap, jump, bound. A. Lit., of living 
beings, de luuro, Liv. ; in aquas, Ov. ; super 
vallum, Liv. ; saliunt in gurgite ranae, Ov. B. 
Transf., of things, a, saiit grando. Verg. ; sal or 
mica (salis) salieus, sacrificial sidt, which (as a 
good omen) leapt up when thrown into the fire ; 
farre pio et saliente mica, Hor.; pectora trepido 
salientia motu, Ov.; b, of water, to spring, leap, 
jiow ; dulcis aquae saliens rivus, Verg. Partic. 
subst., salientes -lum, m. (sc. fontes), foun- 
tains, Cic. II. 'transit, of animals, to leap, to 
cover, Ov. 

Salisubsilus -i, m. (= Salius subsiliens), 
one of the Salii, Cat. 

saliunca -ae, f. wild or Celtic nard, Verg. 

saliva -ae, f. (connected with cn'aAos), spittle, 
saliva. I. A. Lit., Cat. B. Meton., 1, appe- 
tite, desire, Pers. ; 2, taste, Prop. II. Transf., 
any similar moisture, e.g., tears, Plin., honey, 
Plin. 

salivariu3 -a -um (saliva), slimy, Plin. 

Salivo, 1. (saliva), to spit out, Plin. 

sallVOSUS -a -um (saliva), slimy, Plin. 

salix -Icis, f. a willow, Verg. 

SaUentini — Salentini (q.v.). 

sallio = 1. salio (q.v.). 

Sallustius (Salustius) -Ii, m. a Roman 
name, the most celebrated bearers of which were: 
1, C. Sallustius Crispus, of Amiternum, Hie 
celebrated Latin historian, contemporary and op- 
ponent of Cicero ; 2, Sallustius Crispus, great 
nephew of the historian, friend of Augustus, 
famous for his great riches, the owner of splendid 
gardois at Rome. Hence, adj., SaUustianus 
(Salustianus) -a -um, Sallustian. 

salmacidus -a -um, salt. Plin. 

Salmacis -Wis, f. (S^aia's), a fountain in 
Caria, fabled to make those who drank of it 
■ n!e. Personif., */ie nymph of this fountain, 
Ov. 

salmo -onis. m. a salmon, Plin. 

SalmdneUS -fc'i and -80s, m. (2aAjz<oi/eys), 
son of Aeolus, brother of Sisyphus, king in Eli*, 
founder of the town Salmone ; he imitated the 
thunder and lightning of Zeus, who on that ac- 
count struck him with a thunderbolt, and hurled 



Sal 



499 



sal 



him down to Tartarus. Hence, Salmoms 
-idls, f. (SaA/nuvi's), the daughter of Salmoncus, 
i.e., Tyro, mother of Neleus and Fellas by Neptune, 
who took the form of the Enipeus. 

Salona -ae, f. and Salonae -arum, f. a sea- 
port in Dalmutia. 
salpa -ae, f. a kind of stock-fish, Ov. 
Salpia = Salapia (q.v.). 
Salpinates -urn, m. a people of Etruria, near 
Volsinii. Hence, adj., Salpmas -atis, be- 
longing to the Salpinates ; ager, Liv. 
Salpini = Salapini, v. Salapia. 
salsamentarius -a -urn (salsameutum),_o/ 
or relating to salt-fish. Subst., salsamenta- 
rlus -li, in. a dealer in salt-fish, Suet. 

salsamentum -i, n. (* salso -are), 1, fish- 
pickle, brine, Cic. ; 2, salted or pickled fish, gen. 
in plur., Ter. 

salse, adv. with compar. andsuperl. (salsus), 
wittily, humorously, facetiously ; dicere, Cic. 
salsitudo -Inis, f. (salsus), saltness, Plin. 
salSUg'O -Inis, f. (salsus), saltness, Plin. 
salsura -ae, f. (sal), a salting, pickling,Xnn . ; 
fig., meae animae salsura evenit, i" am in col ill- 
humour, Plaut. 

salsus -a -uin, p. adj. (from sallo), salted, 
salt. I. A. Lit., fluctus salsi, the sea, Verg. 
B. Transf., tasting like salt, sharp, biting; 
lacrimae, Lucr. ; robigo, corrosive, Verg. II. 
Fig., witty, humorous, facetious, satirical; luvem 
ridicula at salsa multa Graecorum, Cic; male 
salsus, with poor xoit, Hor. 

saltatio -onis, f. (salto), a dancing, panto- 
mimic dance, Cic. 

saltator -oris, m. (salto), a (pantomimic) 
dancer, Cic. 

saltatorius -a -pin (saltator), of or relating 
to dancing ; orbis, Cic. 

saltatrix -trlcis, f. (saltator), a female 
dancer, a dancing-girl, Cic. 

saltatus -us, m. (salto), a dancing, dance, 
Liv. 

saltern, adv. (orig. salutim, from salus, as 
viritim, from vir), at least, at all events. I. 
Afllrmative, a 3 with an antithetical sentence, 
erlpe inihi huncdolorem aut niinue saltern, Cic; 
b, without an antithetical sentence, nunc saltern 
ad illos calculos revertanmr, Cic. II. With 
negatives, non, neque, not even, nor even, Liv. 

salto, 1. (intens. of salio). I. Intransit, to 
dance with pantomimic gestures. A. Lit., ad 
tibicinis modem, Liv. ; saltare in convivio, Cic. ; 
discere saltare, to learn to dance, Cic. B. Transf. , 
of orators, Hegesias saltat incidens particulas (of 
. a jerking, hopping style), Cic. II. Transit., to 
represent in pantomimic dancing ; Cyclopa, Hor.; 
carmina, poemata, sing with gestures, Ov. 

saltuosus -a -um (saltus), wooded, well 
wooded, Sail. 

1. saltus -us, m. (salio), a spring, leap, 
bound, Cic; sal turn and saltus dare, Ov, 
• 2. saltus -us, m. (connected with aXo-o?, 
oAtis). I. a pass through a mountain or forest, 
a dale, ravine, glade ; Thermopylarum, Liv. ; 
saltus Pyrenaei, Caes. II. a forest or mountain 
pasture, cattle-run ; saltilms in vacuis pascant, 
Verg. ; sometimes, an estate including a cattle- 
run; de saltu agroque dejicitur, Cie. 

salubris -e and saluber -bris -bre (salus), 
healthy. I. conducive to health, healthful, 
healthy, salubrious, wholesome. A. Lit., natura 
loci, Cic. ; annus salubris, Cic. ; somnus, Verg. 
B. Transf., sound, serviceable, useful; consilia, 



Cic. ; res salubrior, Liv ; sententia reipublicae 
saluberrima, Cic. II. healthy, strong sound, 
vigorous. A. Lit, corpora sal ubnora, Liv. B. 
Transf, good; fit, suitable ; quidquid est salsum 
aut salubre in oratione, Cic. 

salubritas -atis, f. (saluber). I. wholesome- 
mess, salubrity. A. Lit., loci, Cic; turn salu- 
britatis turn pestilentiae signa, Cic. B. lig., 
omnia ilia salubritas Atticae dictionis et quasi 
sanitas, Cic. II. soundness, healthiness, health; 
corporum, Tac. 

salubriter, adv. (saluber). I. healthfully, 
wholesomely; salubrius refrigerari, Cic. II. 
serviceably, advantageously; bellum trahere, Liv. 
salum -i, n. (<r<£Ao ; ). I. a, the open sea, 
esp. , a place where ships lie anchored, a roadstead. ; 
propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in 
salo non posse, Liv.; b, poet., the sea generally ; 
altuni, Hor. II. the rolling of a ship at sea, 
motion of a ship ; salo nauseaque coufecti, Caes. 
salus -litis, f. (salvus), health. I. Gen^, 1, 
medicina, aliquem ad salutem reducere, Cic ; 
2, welfare, well-being, weal, good fortune; 
utilitati salutique servire, Cic; spes salutis, 
Cic. ; also the civil well-being of a Roman citizen 
(not in exile) ; restitutio salutis meae, my recoil 
from exile, Cic. ; hence, a, a term of endearment, 
Plaut.; b, personif., Salus, the goddess of the 
public safety of Rome, whose temple was on the 
Quirinal, Liv.; c, deliverance from death, danger, 
etc., ad salutein vocare, to save, Cic; salutem 
afferre reipublicae, to save, Cic ; also a means of 
deliverance; nulla salus reipublicae reperiri 
potest, Cic ; una est salus, there is one means of 
deliverance, foil, by intin., Cic. ; d, security, 
safety; fortunarum suarum salus in istius daui- 
natione consistit, Cic II. Esp., a wish for a 
person's welfare (spoken or written), salutation, 
greeting; salutem nuntiare, C4c ; ascribere, Cic; 
alicui salutem dicere jubere, to semi a greeting 
to, Plaut; and ellipt, Anacharsis Hannoni 
salutem (sc. dicit), Cic; tig., salutem dicere 
foro et curiae, to bid farewell to, renounce, Cic 

salutaris -e (salus), healthful, beneficial, 
salutary, serviceable, wholesome, advantageous. 
I. Gen., a, absol., (a) of things, ut quae mala 
pernieiosaque sunt, habeantur pro bonis ac 
salutaribus, Cic. ; herba salutaris L Ov. ; saluter- 
es litterae, Cic. Subst, salutaria -luni, n. 
remedies, medicines; pro salutaribus mortifera 
conscribere, Cic ; (J3) of persons, agri ipsi teui 
beneficuin, tain saluterem, tain mansuetumcivem 
desiderant, Cic. ; b, with dat, and ad and ace, 
and contra and ace, consilium salutare utrique, 
Cic. II. Esp., A. Appell., salutaris httcra— 
i.e., the letter A, abbreviation of absolvo (littera 
tristis, C' = condemno, Cic). B. Adj. proper, 
Salutaris, as a surname of Jupiter (Gr. Somjp, 
as a surname of Zeus). 

salutariter, adv. (salutaris), beneficially, 
advantageously; uti armis, Cic; se recipere, 
Cic. 

salutatio -onis, f. (saluto). I. greeting, 
salutation, Cic. II. Esp., a greeting, salutation, 
a call, visit of ceremony, waiting upon a person ; 
dare se salutationi aniicoruin, Cic; ubi salu- 
tatio defluxit, Cic. 

salutator -oris, m. (saluto), one who_ pays 
complimentary visits, a visitor, caller, ap. Cic. 

salutatorius -a -um (salutator), relating to 
greeting or visits; cnbicula, liall of audience, Plin. 
salutatriX -trlcis, f. (salutator). I. greet- 
ing, saluting, Mart. II. Esp., paying a visit, 
calling, waiting upon; turba, Juv. 

salutifer -fera -ferum (salus and fero), 
health-bringing, salubrious; puer, Aesculapius, 
Ov.; opem saiutit'eram dare, Ov. 



sal 



500 



san 



salutlggriilus -a -uni (sains and gero), 
Carrying complimentary messages, Plaut. 

saluto, 1. (salveo), to say salvo to a person, 
to greet, salute. I. Gen., aliquem, Cic. ; sternu- 
tamentis, to say "God bless you," when a person 
sneezes, Flin. ; decs, to pay respx! to, to worship, 
Cic; with double ace, to greet as, to name; 
aliqu?m impcratorem, Tac. II. Esp., l, to call 
upon, to pay court to, wait upon; venit salutandi 
causa, Cic. ; 2, to greet a person ; a, on his ar- 
rival, Cic. ; b, on his departure, Flaut. 

Saluvli (Salluvli) -drum and -urn, m. a 
Ligurian people in modern Provence. 

salve, v. salveo. 

salveo, 2. (salvus), to be well in health, found 
elderly in the forms salve, salvete, salveto, 
salvebis, salvere (jubeo), used by the Romans 
as a greeting, Good day ! I hope you are well ? 
How are you? a, in welcoming a person, Good 
day ! good morning ! jubeo te salvere, / greet 
you, Cic. ; Dionysium velim salvere jubeas, 
greet Dionysius for me, Cic. ; salvebis a meo 
Cicerone, my son Cicero sends you greeting, Cic. ; 
so of greetings addressed to a distinguished 
person, or of respect paid to a deity, hail! salve 
vera Jovis proles, Verg. ; b, in taking farewell, 
good-bye! God be with you, ! vale, salve, Cic. 

salvia -ae, f. (salvus), the herb sage, Plin. 

salVUS -a -urn (root SAL, whence salus, 
connected with crodu), safe, unhurt, uninjured, 
well, sound. I. Gen., a, of persons, salvus 
atque incolumis, Caes. ; salvus reverter, Cic. ; 
se salvo, while he is alive, Cic. ; b, of things, 
clipeus, Cic. ; with abl. absol., saving, without 
infraction of, Cic. ; salvo jure nostrae veteris 
ainlcitiae, Cic. ; salvo officio, Cic. II. Esp. 
formulae (of conversation) ; a ? of persons, ne 
salvus siin, si, etc., may I die if, etc., Cic; 
salvus sis = salve ! Plaut. ; b, of things, salva 
res est, it is all right ; often in questions, satine 
or satin' salvae ? Is all right {with you) ? Liv. 

Samaria -ae, f. (Sajxopfia), a district of 
Palestine. Hence, Sarnarites -ae, m. a 

Samaritan. 

-Samarobrlva -ac, f. a town in Gallia, 
Belgica, chief town of the Ambiani, now Amiens. 

sambuca -ae, f. (<rafi/3v'K>;), a species of harp, 
Plaut. . 

sambuccus -a -urn (sambucuR), made of 
elder-wood, Plin. 

sambucina -ae, f. (sambuca and cano), a 
female liarp-player, Plaut. ' 

SambUGiStrla -ae, f. (erafijSi'Ki'arpia), a 
woman that plays on the sambuca, Liv. 

sambucus (sabucus) -i, f. an elder-tree, 
Plin. 

Same -Cs, f. (2a/ui)), older name of the island 
Cephallenia, now Cefalonia. Another form, 
Samos -i, f. Hence, Samaol -Orum, m. the 
inhabitants of Same. 

samcra (samf. a) -ae, f. the seed of the elm, 
Plin. 

Samlolus, v. Samos. 

Samnis, Sainnites, v. Samnium. 

Samfus, v. Samos. 

Samuiuni -it, n. (syncop. from Babiniura), 

a mountainous region of central Italy between 
Campania and the Adriatic Sea. Hence, A. 
Adj., Sarnnls -His, Samnite ; Bllbst., a, a 
Samnite ; used collectively, the Samni'es, Liv. ; 
Samnites -lum, m. the Samnites; b, a gla- 
diator armed with Samnite weapons, Cic. B. 
Samniticus -a -uin, Samnite. 
1, Samor (-us) -i, f. (Sa^os), an tihM 



in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor, 
Opposite Ephesus, the birth-place of Pythagoras, 
chief scat of the worship of Hera, famous for its 
clay and the vessels made from it, now Sussam or 
Sussam-Adassi ; Threkia Samus = Samothrace, 
Verg., Ov. Hence, A. SamiUS -a -urn, Samian ; 
vir, senex, Pythagoras, Ov. ; capedines, made of 
Samian earthenware, Cic. ; terra, a part of the 
main-land of Asia Minor or belonging to Samos, 
Liv. ; subst., a, Samius -li, m. the Samian = 
Pythagoras, Ov. ; plur., Samii -orum, m. the 
inhabitants of Samos, Samians, Cic. ; b, Samia 
-orum, n. (sc. vasa), Samian ware. B. Saniio- 
lUS -a urn, adj. dim., Samian, Plaut. 
2. Samo8 = Same(q.v.). 

Samothrace (Samothrece) -es, f. and 

Samdthraca -ae, f. (SuMofyaKr;), and Samo- 
thracia -ae, f. an island of the Aegean Sea on the 
coast of Thrace opposite the mouth of the Hebrus, 
famous for the mystic rites of the Cabiri, now 
Samothraki. Hence, A. Samothraces -hid, 
m. a, the inlmbitants of the island of Samothrace, 
Ov.; b, the, Cabiri, Juv. B. Samothracius 
-a -um, Samothracian. 

Sampsiceramus -i, in. an Arab prince of 

Emesa in Libanns, whom Pompejus overcame; 
hence, in jest, a name for Pompejus himself, 
Cic. 

3ampsucbfeus -a -um (<raji\/<i>x't'o?), made 
of marjoram, Plin. 

sampsucbum -i, n. (o-a/^vyoi'), marjoram, 
Plin. 

sanabilis -e (sano), that can be healed, cura- 
ble ; a, physically, vuluus, Ov.; b, of the mind, 
iracundi sanabiles, Cic. 

sanatio -onis, f. (sano), a healing, curing; 
corporum, Cic. ; fig., malorum, Cic. 

sancio, sanxi, sanctum, 4. (root SA, whence 
sacer, sanus, Gr. <xdo;, aCx, etc.), to make 
sacred or inviolable by a religions act. I. Lit., 
a, to make irrevocable, to appoint, order (of a 
law, league, etc.) ; legem, Cic. ; foedus sanguine 
alicuius, Liv. ; Solon capite sanxit, si qui, etc., 
Solon ordered, on pain of death, Cic. ; b, to 
sanction, render valid by law ; acta Caesaris, Cic. 
II. Transf., to forbid on pain of punishment, lay 
under a penalty ; incestum supplicio, Cic.(pa)tic 
sancitus, Lucr.). 

sanote, adv. (sanctus), piously, conscien- 
tiously, scrupulously ; pie sancteque colere 
naturam, Cic; multa sunt severius scripta et 
sanctius, Cic. ; se sanctissime gerere, Cic; sanc- 
tissime observare proinissa, sacredly, Cic. 

sanctimdnia -ae, f. (sanctus). I. sanctity, 
sacredness; ad deorum religionem et sanctimon- 
iam demigrasse, Cic. II. purity, chastity, virtue; 
domum habere clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, 
Cic. 

sanctio -5nis, f. (sancio). I. the article or 
clause in a law which recites the penalty; legum 
sanctionem poenamque recltore, Cic. II. 
In treaties, a clause, proviso ; foederis, Cic. 

sanetltas -Stis, f. (sanctus). I. inviolability, 
sanctity ; tribunatus, Cic; templi insulaeqne, 
right of asylum, Tac II. piety, virtue, 
chastity ; a, matronarura, Cic. ; b, piety towards 
tht\ gods ; deos placatos pietas efficiet et sauctitas, 
Cic. 

sanctitudo -Inis, f. = sanctitas (q.v.). 

sanctor -Oris, in. (sancio), an ordainer; 
legum, Tac. 

sanctuarlum -li, n. (sanctus), the private 
cabinet of a prince, Plin. 

sanctus -a -um, p. adj .(from snncio). I. sacred, 
inviolable; tribu,ni plebis, Cic.; otficiurn, Cig, 



San 



601 



sap 



II. venerable, holy, divine ; a, of deities or dis- 
tinguished men, stell:i Mercurii, Cic ; sancte 
Aeorum, Verg. ; so, of the senate, sanctissimum 
orbis terras consilium, Cic; vates, the Sibyl, 
Verg.; b, pious, virtuous, holy, blameless; nemo 
sanctior lllo (viro), Cic. ; homo sanctissimus, 
Cic; Virgo, a Vestal virgin, Hor. ; conjux, chaste, 
I Verg. 

Saucu3 -i and -Qs, m., also Semo, Semo 
Sancus orFidius Sancus, an Umbrian and 
r Sabine deity, probably=Zeus llicmot, afterwards 
identified with Hercules. 

sandallaxius -a -um (sandalium), of or 
i,7 to sandals; Apollo, who had a statue in 
the Street of the Sandal-makers, Suet. 

sandaligerulae -arum, f. (sandalium and 
ger.i), female slaves who carried their mistresses' 
sandals, Plaut. 

saadalis -Wis, f. a kind of palm-tree, Plin. 

sandalium -II, n. (o-av&d\iov), a slipper, 
sandal, Ter. 

sandapila -ae, f. a kind of bier used by poor 
persons, Juv. 

sandaraca -ae, f. (craeSapa/o)), sandarach, a 
kind of red dye, Plin. 

sandaracatus -a -um (sandaraca), mixed 
with sandaraclt, Plin. 

sandaroaos -i, f. an oriental precious stone, 
perhaps a kind of cat's-eye, Plin. 

sandyx -djfcis, c. (<rdvSv£), vermilion, or a 
similar colour, Verg. 

sane, adv. (sanus). I. soberly, rationally, 
sensibly ; nou ego sanius bacchabor Edonis, 
Hor. II, Transf., A. really, iiuleed (used em- 
phatically), sane vellem, J could indeed wish, 
Cic ; hence, a, in answers, surely, to be sure ; sane 
hercle or sane hercule, Cic; b, in concessions, 
to be sure, certainly; sint falsa sane, Cic; c, 
with imperatives, then, if you. will; age sane, 
Cic B. exceedingly ; bene sane or sane bene, 
Cic; sane quam, exceedingly, extremely; with 
verbs and adj., Cic 

Sangarius, v. Sagaris. 

sanguinarius -a -um (sanguis), of or re- 
lating to blood; lig., bloody, blood-thirsty, san- 
guinary; juventus, Cic 

sanguineus -a -um (sanguis), relating to 
blood. I. A. Lit., 1, of blood, bloody; imber, 
Cic. ; guttae, Ov. ; 2, stained with blood; caput, 
Ov. ; inanns, Ov. B. Transf., 1, stained with 
blood-shed, bloody; rixa, Hor.; 2, blood-red; 
sagulum, Cic. II. Fig., bloody, blood-thirsty; 
Mavors, Verg. 

sanguino, 1. (sanguis), to be blood-thirsty, 
Tac 

sangutnolentus (sacguinuTentus) -a 
-um (sanguis), bloody. I. stained with blood, 
bloody; 1, lit., conjugis imago, Ov. ; 2, transf., 
■wounding, injuring ; nulla exstat littera Nasonis 
sanguinoleuta legi, Ov. II. blood-red; color, 
Ov. 

sanguis (sanguen) -inis, m. blood, blood 
Rowing in the veins of a living being, while cruor 
= bloo.l of the dead ov blood from wounds. I. 1, 
lit., tmri sanguis, Cic; sanguinem mittere, to 
let blood, Cic ; sanguinem effundere, to shed one's 
Hood, Cic. ; 2, tig., a, vigour, strength, force ; 
amisi mis sucum et sanguinem, Cic; so of 
orators, verum sanguinem deperdebat, Cic; b, 
property, money; de sanguine aerarii detrahere, 
Cic. IT. Meton., 1, sliedding of blood, murder ; 
odiocivilis sanguinis, Cic ; 2, blood-relationship, 
race, blood, family ; a, abstr., magnam possidet 
religionism paternus maternusque sanguis, Cic. ; 
b, concr., a descendant, progeny ; regius sanguis, 
Europa, Hor. ; saevire in suum sanguinem, Li v. 



sanies -Si, f. (connected with sanguis). X* 
diseased blood, bloody matter, Verg. II. Transf., 
venom, poison, slaver; perfusus sanie atroque 
veneno, Verg. ; sanies manat ore trilingui, Ot. 

sanitas -Stis, f. (6anus), health. I. Lit., 
physical health, Cic II. Transf., 1, a sound 
state of mind, reasonableness, good sense, sanity; 
ad sanitatem se converters or redlre, Cic. ; 2, of 
style, soundness or correctness, purity ; orationis, 
Cic. 

sanna -ae, f. (<rdwas), a mocking grimace, 
Juv. 

sannio -5nis, m. (sanna), one who makes 
grimaces, a buffoon, Cic. 

sano, 1. (sanus), to lieal, cure, restore to health. 

I. Lit., tumorem oculorum, Cic. II. Transf., 
physically and morally, to heal, restore, repair, 
quiet ; partes aegras reipublicae, Cic. ; vulnera 
avaritiae, Liv. ; mentes eoruni, to change to right 
views, Cues. 

Sanqualis (Sangualls) -e (Sancus), be- 
longing to Sancus; avis, the bird sacred to Sancus, 
the osprey. 

Santo: 1 cs -um, in. and Santoni -Oruni, m. 
a people in Aquitanian Qaul, whence Saintonge. 
Hence, adj., Santoni o us -a -uin, belonging to 
the Santo nes. 

sanus -a -um, sound, healthy. I. Lit., pars 
corporis, Cic; aliquem sanum facere, Cic II. 
Transf., a, sound, uninjured; respubliea, Cic; 
b, of sound mind, rational, sane ; mens, homo, 
Cic; c, of discourse, sound, sensible, natural; 
genus dicendi, Cic. 

sapa -ae, f. must or new wine boiled to one- 
third of its bulk, Ov. 

Sapaei -Orum, m. a Thracian people on the 
Propontis, Ov. 

saperda -ae, m. (o-an-epfij)?), a small fish 
caught in the Falus Maeotis, a kind of herring, 
Pers. 

sapiens -entis, p. adj. (from sapio), wise, 
sensible, prudent, judicious. I. Gen., rex aequus 
ac sapiens, Cic. ; quis sapientior ad conjecturam 
rernm futurarum, Cic. ; Cyrus ille Perses justis- 
simus fuifc sapifintissimusquerex.Cic; of things, 
vera et sapiens animl magnitudo, Cic. ; subst., 
a sensible, judicious person ; insani sapiens nomen 
ferat, Hor.; used as a surname of the jurists, L. 
Atilius, M. Cato, etc., Cic. II. Like'the Greek 
<ro^o5, wise; subst., a wise man, a practical 
philosopher, a sage; septein sapientes, The Seven 
IVise Men of Greece ; sometimes simply septein, 
Cic. 

sapiente'r, adv. (sapiens), wisely, discreetly, 
judiciously ; facere, Cic 

saplentia -ae, f. (sapiens). I. good sense, 
discernment, prudence ; pro vestra sapientia, Cic. 

II. (like <ro<f>ia,) wisdom, esp., practical wisdom, 
knowledge of the world, knowledge of the art of 
government, Cic. ; with genit., constituendae 
civitatis, Cic; plur., virtutes ebullire et sap- 
ientias, rules of wisdom, Cic. 

sapio -ii. 3. I. to taste, have a flavour or 
taste ; a, lit., Plin. ; b, to smell of something; 
crocum, Cic II. to taste, to have taste; a, lit., 
ut, cui cor sapiat, ei non sapiat palatus, Cic ; 
b, fig., to discern, perceive, to be sensible, discreet, 
wise ; sapere eum plus quam ceteros, Cic. ; with 
ace, to utiderstand ; recta, Cic. 

sapo -onis, m. (a Celtic word), soap used by 
the Gauls as a pomade for the hair, Plin. 

sapor -oris, m. (sapio), taste. A. the taste of 
a thing; 1 a, lit, qui non sapore capiatur, 
Cic; b, tig., elegance in discourse; vernac- 
ulus, Cic. ; 2, meton., a delicacy, a titbit ; 
S^allae admiscere saporem, Verg. ; 3, transf., 



Sap 



.502 



sat 



Scent, Pifn. ; meton., saporas, pleasant odours, 
Verg. B. the taste which a person has; 1, lit., 
Lucr. ; 2, fig., good taste in behaviour or dis- 
course; homo sine sapore, without, taste, Cic. 
Sapphious -a -um, v. Sappho. 

sapphirus (sappirus) -i, f. (o-ompeipos), 
the sc.yphirc, Plin. 

Sapphd -us, f. (2a7r<J)a.), a lyrical poetess of 
Mytilene in Lesbos, who threw herself into the sea 
on account of her unrequited love for Phaon. 
Hence, adj., Sapphicus -a -um, Sapphic. 

sappirus = sapphirus (q.v.). 

Saprus -a -um (o-anp6';), putrid, rotten, Plin. 

sarcina -ae, f. (sarcio), a bundle, pack, pack- 
age, portable luogage of a person. I. A. Lit., a, 
sing., Plant. ; b, plur., sarcinas conferre, Cic. ; 
legionem sub sarcinis adoriri, Caes. B. Fig., 
burden, load: publica rerum, burden of govern- 
ment, Of. II. Transf., the fruit of the womb, Ov. 

sarcinarius -a -um (sarcina), pertaining to 
burdens or baggage ; jumenta, pack-horses, beasts 
of burden, Caes. " 

sarexnator -oris, m. (sarcio), a patcher, 
mender, cobbler, Plaut. 

sarcinatUS -a -um (sarcina) loaded, bur- 
dened, Plaut. 

sarclniila -ae, f. (dim. of sarcina), a little 
bundle or package, gen. plur., Cat., Juv. 

sarcio, sarsi, sartum, 4. to mend, patch, re- 
pair. I. Lit., tunicanij Juv. II. Fig., to make 
good, repair; damna, Cic. ; detrimentum, Caes.; 
injuriam, Caes. ; gratia male sarta, not coin- 
phtehj restored, ilor. Partic, sartus -a -um, 
with special phrase sartus et tectus or sartus 
tectus, in good condition ; a, lit., of buildings, 
in good repair, in good condition, well repaired 
or built; aedem Castoris sartam tectam tradere, 
Cic. ; omnia sarta tecta exigere, Cic. ; b, fig., 
in a good condition, well preserved, safe; 51. 
Curium sartum ct tectum, ut aiunt, ab omni 
incommodo conserves, Cic. 

sarcion -li, m. (crapiti'oi'), a flaw in an 
emerald, Plin. 

saroocolla -ae, f. (o-apKOKoWa.), a kind of 
Persian gum, Plin. 

sarcophagus -a -um (<TapKo<f>dyo<;), lit., 
flesh-eat i » g ; lapis, a kind of stone used for coffins, 
which was believed to consume the body; hence, 
subst., sarcophagus -i, m. a coffin, sarco- 
pliagus, Juv. 

sarculatio-oius,f.(sarculiim),« Wnio, Plin. 

sarculum -i, n. (Barrio), a light hoc, Hor. 

sarda -ae, f. I. a small fish which was 
pickled, perhaps a sardine, Plin. II. a precious 
stone, perhaps cornelian, Plin. 

Sardanapalus (Sardanapallus) -i, m. 

(SapSai'diraAot, 2ap£arajraAAos), tlie last king of 
tlie Assyrians, who, on a revolt against him, burnt 
himself with his seraglio and all his treasures. 

1. Sardi, v. Sardis. 

2. Sardi -6ruin, m. (Sap«<i = Sardinia), the 
inhabitants of the island of Sardinia, the Sardin- 
ians, notorious for their perfidy, Cic. Hence, 
A. Sardus -i -um, Sardinian. B. Sardon- 
ius -a -um, Sardinian; herba, v. Snrdous. C. 
Sardous (SapJwos), Sardinian ; herba, rt kind 
of poisonous crow's-foot. D. Sardinia -ae, f. 
the island of Sardinia, Cic; hence, Sardlni- 
ensis -e, Sardinian. 

Sardis -lum, ace. -is, f. (SapSen), Sardis, the 
old capital of Lydia on the Pactolus, residence of 
King Croesus, now Sart. Hence, A. Sardi 
-6rum, m. the Hardians, Lydians. B. Sardl- 



anus '-a -um, Sardian ; plur., Sardiani 

-orum, m. the Sardians. 

sardonyx -nyehis, (o-apSow^), a precious 
stone, the sardonyx, Juv. 

Sardous, v. Sardi. 
Sardus -a -um, v. 2. Sardi. 
sargus -i, m. a salt-water fish much esteemed 
by the Pomans, Ov. 
sario = sarrio (q.v.). 

sarisa (sarissa) -ae, f. (tripico-a), the long 
Macedonian pike, Li v. 

sarisophorus (sarissophorus) -i. m. 

(crapi<Tao(l>6po<;), a Macedonian pikeman, Liv. 

Sarmata -ae, m. (Sapfiarrjt), a Sarmatian ; 
plur., Sarmatae, the Sarmatians, a nation in 
modern Poland, Little Tartary a7id adjoining 
countries. Hence, A. Sarmatia -ae, f. (Zap- 
naria), Sarmatia, the country of the Sarmatae. 

B. Sarmaticus -a -um (Sap/ua-</cos), Sur- 
■matic; mare, the Black Sea, Ov. ; adv., Sarma- 
tice, after the Sarmatian manner; loqni, Ov. 

C. Sarmatls -Idis, f. Sarmatian ; tellus, Ov. 

sarmen -Inis, n. = sarmentum (q.v.). 

sarmentosus -a -um (sarmentum), full oj 
tivigs or small branches, Plin. 

sarmentum -i, n. twigs, loppings, small 
branches, brushwood; a, green, of tlie vine, Cic.; 
b, dry = brushwood, loppings, faggots; fasces 
sarmentorum, fascines, Liv. ; ligna et sannenta 
circumdare, Cic. 

Sarnus -i, m. a river in Campania, on which 
was Pompeii, now Sarno. 

Sarpedon -dnis, m. (S,ip7rr)SoJ>0. I. son 
of Jupiter, king in Lycia, who came to the help of 
the Trojans, and was slain by Patroclus. II. a 
promontory in Cilicia, now Lissan el Kahpe. 

Sarra -ae, f. the Hebrew Zor, old name of the 
city of Tyre; hence, adj., Sarranus -a -am, 
Tyrian, Phoenician ; ostium, Verg. 

sarracum -i, n. = serracum (q.v.). 

Sarranus -a -um, v. Sarra. 

Sarrastes -um, m. a people in Campania, 
living on the Sarnus. 

sarrio (sario) -tti and -ivi -Itum, 4. to hoe, 
and thence, to weed, Plin. 

sarritor -oris, m. (sarrio), one who hoes up 
weeds, a hoer, weeder, Varr.; syncop.. sartor, fig., 
Plaut. 

sartago -Inis, f. a frying-pan, Juv.; sartago 
loquendi, medley, hotch-potch, Plin. 

sartor = sarritor (q.v.). 

sartus -a -um, partic. of sarcio (q.v.). 

sat = satis, enough, sufficient. I. Adj., 
enough, sufficient ; tantum, quantum sat est, Cic; 
full, by genit., nee sat rationis in armis, Verg. ; 
by infln., nonne id sat erat, accipere nb iilo 
injuriam, Tac. II. Adv., a, with verbs, bibere, 
Verg.; b, with adj., bonus, Cic; c, with another 
adv., sat diu, Cic. 

sat&gito, 1. to have enough to do, have one's 
hands full, Plant. 

satago, 3. I. to satisfy or pay a creditor, 
Plant. II. to be very busy, have enough to do, 
have one's hands full, be in trouble, Petr. 

satelles -Itis, c. I. a guard, attendant, and 
plur., guards, escort, suite, train, Cic II. Transf., 
1, n companion, attendant; Aurorae, Lucifer, 
Cic; Orci, Charon, Hor.; 2, esp., in a bad sense, 
lackey, aider, accomplice, abettor; andaciae, Cic; 
sceleium, Cic. 

satias -?>tis, f. (satis) = satietas. I, a suffi- 
ciency, abundance; cibi, Lucr. II. S"ticty, satis- 



Sat 



503 



Sat 



fed desire, loathing ; quo da die epulatis jam 
vini satias esset, Liv. 

Saticula -ae, f. a town of Sainnium^ near 
modem Caserta Vccchia. Hence, A. Satioul- 
anus -a -urn, relating to Saticula. B. Sati- 
culus -i, in. an inhabitant of Saticula. 

satietas -atis, f. (satis). I. a sufficiency, 
abundance, Plaut. II. satiety, loathing; cibi, 
Cic. ; Hg., satietus provinciae, Cic. ; studioruin 
omnium satietas vitae facit satietatem, Cio. 

satine, satin' = satisne, v. satis. 

1. satio, 1. (satis), to satisfy, satiate. I. 1, 
lit, with food and drink, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, ot 
natural desires, to satisfy, appease ; desidena 
naturae, Cic. ; sitim, Plaut. ; b, of other tilings, 
ignes odoribus, Ov. II. Fig., 1, to satisfy, sate; 
aviditatem legend!, Cic. ; 2, to overfill, to cloy, to 
disgust, satiate; munerus agnoscitur, deinde 
satiat, Cic. 

2. satio -5nia, f. (sero). I. a sowing ; plur., 
satioiies, concr., the sown fields, Cic. II. plant- 
ing, Verg., Liv. 

satira (satiira) -ae, f. (satnr), satirical 
poetry, satire, Hor 

satis, coinpar., satius, enough, sufficient. I. 
In posit., A. Gen., 1, adj., satis est alicm 
aliquid, (Jic. ; satis est foil, by si, Cic. ; satis 
superque habere, enough and more than enough, 
Cic. ; foil, by genit., ea amicitia Hon satis liabet 
nrmitatis, Cic; ad dicendum teinporis satis 
habere, Cic; (non) satis est, foil, by infln., Cic; 
satis habeo, with mfln., Sail. ; with quod, Lay. ; 
2, adv. (often satine or satin'= satisne) ; a, with 
verbs, consequi, Cic; satin' est id ad, etc., Cic; 
b, with adj., satis niulta rostaut, Cic ; C, with 
ad\'., honeste, Cic; absol., de hoc satis, enough of 
this, Cic. B. Particular phrases ; a, satis ago, 
to have enough to do; iinpers., agitur tamen 
satis, Cic. (cf. satagitoandsatago); b, legal 1. 1. , 
satis accipere, to take bail, security, Cic II. 
Compar., satius, better, more advantageous ; satms 
est, or satius (esse) existimo, or satius puto ; 
with infin., mori satins esse, Cic. 

satisdatio -onis, f. (satisdo), a giving bail 
or security, Cic 

sati3do -dedi -datum -dare, 1. to give hail or 
security ; with genit., damn! infect!, Cic; hence, 
satisdato, by bail, by security; debere, Cic. 

satisfacio -feci -factum, 3. to satisfy, give 
satisfaction. I. Gen., officio suo, Cic; vitae 
satisfeci, / have lived long enough, Cic ; alicui 
aliquid petenti, Cic; histriones satisfaciebant, 
Cic II. Esp.. A. to satisfy, pay a creditor; ipse 
Fufiis satisfacit, Cic B. a, to give satisfaction, 
make amends, make reparation; alicui, Caes., 
Cic. ; omnibus rationibus de injuriis, Caes. ; 
b, to move sufficiently; alicui with ace and 
infin., Cic. 

satisfactio -JSnis, f. (satisfacio). I. satis- 
faction, amends, reparation, excuse, apology ; satis- 
factionem alicuius accipere, Cic, Caes. II. 
satisfaction by punishment, Tac; Caesar Ubiorum 
satisfactionein accepit, Cic 
satlUS, comp. of satis (q. v.). 
sativus -a -urn (9ero, sevi), sown or planted, 
Plin. 

sator -oris, m. (sero, sevi). I. a sower, 
planter; omnium reruin seininator et sator est 
mundus, Cic. II. Transf., begetter, father, 
prodttcer, causer ; sator hominum atque deorum, 
i.e., Jupiter, Verg. ; so also litis, Lav. 

satrapes -ae and -is, m., satrapa -ae, 
m., and satraps -apis, m. (o-aTpdmns, a Persian 
worU), the governor of a Persian province, satrap, 
Kep. 



satrapia (satrapea) -ae, f. (<ra.Tpa.neia), a 
province governed by a satrap, satrapy, Plin. 
Satrioum -i,n. a Txitin town on the Apptan 

Jioad, now Casale di Conca. Hence, Satricani 
-Orum, in. the inhabitants ofSatricum. 

satur -tttra -turum (satis), full, sated, satiated. 
I. A. Lit. pullus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, satisfied; 
explcti atque saturi, Cic; 2, rich, fertile; la- 
reutum, Verg. ; 3, of colours, deeply dyed, full, 
dark; color, Verg. II. Tig., rich, copious; use ■ 
satura jejune (dicet), Cic. 

satiira -ae, f. (so. lanx), a dish of various 
fruits annually offered to the gods; hence, transf., 
a mixture, medley ; per saturam, indiscriminately, 
confusedly, pell-mell; quasi per saturam scn- 
tentias exquirere, Sail. Hence, satira (q.v.). 
Satiirae palus, a lake in Latium. 
saturcja -ae, f. the herb savory, Plin. ; het- 
eroelite plur., saturcja -orum, n. Ov. 

Satiircjanus -a -um, belonging to a district 
of Apulia, hence, poet. = Apulian, Hor. 

saturitas -atis, f. (satur). I. satiety, reple- 
tion, Plant. II. Transf., abuiulance; satuntas 
copiaque rerum omnium, Cic. 
Saturnalia, etc., v. Baturnns. 
Saturninus -i, m., L. Apulejus, tribune of 
the people, killed in a riot, 100 B.C. 

Saturnus -i, in. (sero, sevi), an old Latin 
god, honoured as the god of planting (a sat u or 
satione frugum) ; in later times identified with 
the Kpovos of the Greeks; Satumi sacra dies, 
Saturday, Tib. ; Satumi Stella, Cic, or simply 
Saturnus, Hor., the planet Saturn. Hence, adj., 
A. Saturnius -a -um, Saturnian; Stella, the 
planet Saturn, Cic; tellus, orarva, 7fu<i/(becauso 
Saturn was said to have reigned there), Verg.; 
gens, the Italians, Ov. ; Humerus, the old Italian 
■poetm, Hor. ; proles, Picus, son of Saturn, Ov.; 
domi'tor maris, Neptntm, Verg.; virgo, Vesta, 
daughter of Saturn, Ov. ; Saturnus ^pater, Ju- 
piter, Verg. ; and subst., 1, Saturnlus -li,m., 
(a) Jupiter, Ov. ; (/3) Pluto ; 2, Saturnia -ae, 
f., (a) Juno, Verg. ; (/3), an old mythical town 
on the Capitoline Hill, Verg. B. Saturnalis 
-e, belonging to Saturn; gen. subst. plur., Sat- 
urnalia -lam, n. the festival beginning with 
the 17th of December, at which there were public 
spectacles and banquets, presents were exchangeel, 
slaves were wailed upon by their masters; the 
festival lasted several days, the first of which 
was called Saturnalia piima,the next Saturnalia 
secunda, and the third, Saturnalia tertia, Cic. 
Hence, adj., Saturnalicius -a -um, of or re- 
lating to the Saturnalia, Mart. 

saturo, 1. (satur), to satisfy, satiate. I. A. 
Lit., animalia ubertate maminarum, Cic. B. 
Transf., to satisfy = to fill ; sola flmo, to manure, 
Verg. II. Fig., to satiate, glut, appease, satisfy ; 
crudelitatem suam odiumque, Cic. ; homines 
saturati honoribus, Cic. 

1. satus -a -um, partic. of 2. sero (q.v.). 

2. satus -iis, m. (2. sero). I. a sowing, setting, 
planting, Cic. ; fig., seed; haec preparat aminos 
ad satus accipiendos, Cic. II. Transf., begetting, 
origin, stock, race; Hercules Jovls satu editus, 
Cic. ; a primo satu, Cic. 

Satyricus -a -um, v. Satyrus. 
satyrion -5i, n. (vaTipiov), the plant rag- 
wort, Plin. 
Sat^riscus -i, m. (<raTt>pi'crKo?), a little Satyr, 

Cic 

Satyrus -i, m. (Sarvpot)- I- « Sa'V r > a 
companion of Bacchus, represented with long 
pointed ears, behind which were the stumps of 
horns, with the tail of a goat, bristly hair, atul a 



sau 



504 



Sea 



flat nose ; in later times identified with the fauns 
of the Roman mythology, deities of the woods 

with horns and the feet of goats ; Satyrus Pliryx, 
Marsyas, Ov. II. Transf., Greek Satyric drama, 
In which Satyrs formed the chorus ; Satyronim 
scriptor, Hor. 

sauclatlo -<5nis, f. (saucio), a wounding, Cic. 

sauolo 1. (saucius), to wound, hurt. I. Lit, 
a, aliquem telis, Cic; b, tokt blood; euphem., 
to wound mortally, Cic. II. Transf., to tear up 
the ground with the plough; duram humum, Ov. 

saucius -a -uiu, wounded, injured, hurt. I. 
Lit, gravlter saucius, Cic. ; pancis sauciis, Cses. ; 
plur. subst, saucii -orum, in. the wounded, 
Cic. II, Transf., a, of inanimate objects, in- 
jured; inalus saucius Africo, Hor. ; glaclos saucia 
sole, Ov. ; b, attacked by illness, Prop. ; c, 
drunken, Mart. ; d, of accused persons, half 
condemned ; de repetundU saucius, ap. Cic. ; e, 
wounded, injured in mind; (a) troubled, dis- 
tressed; animus elus, Cic. ;-(/3) esp., wounded by 
lore; retina saucia eura, Verg. 

saurion -i, n. (a-avpiov), mustard, Plin. 

SanrOCtdnoS -i, m. (a-avpoKrovo';), the lizard- 
killer (the name of a statue of Apollo by Praxi- 
teles), Plin. 

SaurSmates -ae, m. (Savponarr)?), a Sar- 
matian ; plur., Saurornfitae -arum, the Sar- 
matlans, Ov. 

saviolum -i, n. (dim. of savium), a little 
kiss, Cat. 

savior, 1. dep. (savium), to kiss ; aliquem, 
Cic. 

savium -li, n. I. the mouth formed for kiss- 
ing, Plaut. II. Meton., a kiss; Atticae meis 
verbis savium des volo, Cic. 

saxatilis -e (saxum), frequenting rocks, to 
,be found among rocks, Plin. 

saxetum -i, n. (saxum), a rocky place, Cic. 

Baxeus -a -urn (saxum), mad' of rock or stone, 
rocky, stony; scopulum, Ov. ; umbra, cast by a 
rock, Verg. ; Niche saxea facta, turned to stone, 
Ov. 

p.- idfflcus -a -inn (saxum and facio), turning 
into stone, petrifying ; Medusa, Ov. 

saxifr&gus -a -um (saxum and frango), 
stone-breaking, stone-crushing, Plin. 

saxosus -a -um (saxum). I. full of rocks, 
rocky ; valles, Verg. Subst., saxosa -orum, n. 
rocky places, Plin. II. Transf., stony, flouring 
between rocks; saxosus sonans Hypanis, Verg. 

saxiilum -i, n. (dim. of saxum), a little rock, 
Cic. 

saxum -i, n. a rock or large stove, a detached 
fragment of rock (rupes, a cliff, precipitous rock). 
L Lit, A. a rock; 1, gen., saxo undlque absciso 
rupes, Liv. ; saxa latentia, reefs, Verg. ; 2, esp., 

a, Saxum sacrum, the holy rock, the place on. 
the Aventlne where Remvs took the auspices, Cic. ; 

b, the Tarpeian rork, Cic. ; c, Saxa rubra, v. 
ruber. B. a stone; a, a (large) stone; saxa 
jacere, Cic; b, a stone for building; saxum 
quadratum, Liv. ; or for statues, non e saxo 
sculptus, Cic. II. Meton., a, a stone wall ; saxo 
lucum circumdedit alto, Ov. ; b, a stone build- 
ing ; perrumpere amat saxa, Hor. 

cabellum -i, n. (dim. of scomnum). I. a 

small stool, footstool, Varr. II. a musical instru- 
ment played with the foot, used to accompany 
dancing, Cic. 

scaber -bra -brum (scaboV rough, scuri'y. 
I. Gen., unguis, Ov. ; roblgo, \erg. ; of persons, 
rough, untidy, Hor. II. Esp., scabby, mangy; 
oves, Plaut. 



scftbies -ei, f. (scabo), roughness. I. ferrt. 
Verg. II. the scab, mange, the itch. A. Lit. 
Verg. S. Fig., an itch, itching desire Jor any. 
tiling, Cic. ; lucri, Hor. 

scablosus -a -um (scabies). I. ro'.igh, Plin. 
II. scabby, mangy, Pers. 

scabo, scitbl, 3. (root SCAT!, Gk. 2KAIT -tu\ 
to scratch, nib; caput, Hor. 

soabritla -ae, f. and scabrlties -CI, £ 
(scaber), roughness, Plin. 
Scaea porta -ao, f. and Scaoao portae 

(Sxotal 7rvAai), the west gate of Troy. 

scaena (scena) -ae f. (o-kyjit)), the boardi 
of the theatre, the stage, the scene, the theatre. L 

A. Lit., do scaena decedcre, to go off' the stage, 
Cic. ; sphaeram in sceuam afferre, Cic. ; Aga« 
memnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, on the stage, 
i.e., in the tragedies, Verg. B. Transf., o( 
nature, a background ; turn silvis scaona cornscis, 
Verg. II. Fig., A. the stage, the boards of nnj 
public action ; a, of the forum, etc., publicity, 
the ico rid ; in scaena, id est, in contione, 
Cic. ; minus in scena esse, to be less before the. 
eyes of the world, Cic. ; scaenae seivire, Cic; 
b, of schools of rhetoric, Tac. ; c, gen., scene, 
sphere; scaena manet dotes grandis tuas, Ov. 

B. anything presented for outward display ; a, 
parade, outward show; (verba) ad scaenam pom- 
pamque sumuntur, Cic ; b, deception, fraud, 
scena rei totius haec, ap. Cic. 

soaenalis -o (scena), belonging to the theatre, 
theatrical, Lucr. (?) 

scaenicus -a -um (o-kyjiikos), belonging to 
the boards, scenic, theatrical. A. Adj., ludi, 
Liv. ; voluptas, Cic. B. Subst., scaenicus -i, 
rn. a stage-hero, an actor, Cic. 

Soaevola -ae, m. (dim. of scaevus, the left- 
handed), a surname of the gens Mucia, v. 
Mucius 

scacva -ae, f. (scaevus), an omen, portent, 
Plant. 

soaovus -a -um ((nciurfs). I. left, on \hc left 
hand, Varr. II. awkward, Sail. 

scalae -Srum, f. (from scando, as alu from 
ago), a flight of stairs, staircase, ladder; se iu 
scalas tabornae librarian conjicere, Cic ; scalas 
admovere (mnris or moenibus), scaling-ladders, 
Caes., Liv. ; jnuros scalis aggredi, Sail. 

Soaldis -is, m. a river in Gallia Belgica, now 
the Scheldt. 

soalmus -i, m. (<r*-aA/jds), a thole or thole- 
pin, on which an oar works, a row-lock ; navi- 
cula duorum scalmorum, two-oared, Cic. ; scalm- 
um nullum videt, no trace of boats, Cic. 

scalpellum -i, n. (dim. of Bcalprnm), and 
scalpellus -i, in. a small surgical knife, lancet, 
scalpel, Cic. 

scalpo, scalpsi, scalptum, 3. (root SCALP, 
Gk. rAAtf-w), to scrape, scratch, tear. I. Gen., 
a, lit., terrain unguibus, Hor.; b, fig., to 
tickle, Pers. II. Esp. t.t. of art, to scratch with 
a sharp tool, to engrare on wood, gems, etc. ; apta 
manus est ad ilngendum, ad scalpendum, Cic . 

scalprum -i, n. (scalpo), a sharp, cutting 
instrument; a, a cobblers awl, Hor.; b, a 
chisel, Liv.; c, a pen -knife, Tac. 

soalptor -Oris, in. (scalpo), a cutter, en- 
graver, Plin. 

scalptiira -ae, f. (scalpo). I. a cutting, 
engraving; gemmarum, Plin. II. Meton., a 
figure engraved, an engraving, Suet. 

So&mander -dri, m. (Sxa/iavSpos), a river 
in Troas, rising on Mount Ida and joining tlic 
Slmois, calhi Xanthus, on account oj its red 
colour. 



sea 505 

a -urn (i7xa(Aj3d?), crooked-leg iied, 



Sen 



scambus 

Suut. _ _ _ „ „ 

scammonla (scamonia) and soam- 
monea -ae, f. {0-K.a.p.p.wvia., <rica;ucon'a), scam- 
monii, Cic. 

scammonites -ae, m. scammony-wine, 
Plin. 

scamnum -i, n. (root SCAP (cf. seabellum 
and scapus), Or. 2KHIT, whence o-K-qTrru, oxrjir- 
rpoe, Doric, a-Kairrpov), a prop, bench, stool, 
step, footstool ; scamnum facere, Hor. ; cava sub 
tenerum scimna dare pedem, Ov. ; ante focos 
scamnis considere longis, Ov. 
scandix -Icis, f. (oWS^), chervil, Plin. 
soando, scandi, seausum, 3. I. Intransit, 
to climb; a, lit., in aggerem, Liv. ; in domos 
superas, Ov. ; b, transf., to raise oneself, to rise; 
supra principem, Tac. II. Transit, to ascend, 
to climb up; inalos, Cic: muros, Liv.; Capitol- 
iuin, Hor. ; fig., scandifc aeratas vitiosa naves 
cura, Hor. 

scansllis -e (scaudo), that can be climbed; 
flcus, Plin. 

scausio -onis, f. (scando), a climbing up, 
ascending, Varr. 

ScantlUS -a -11111, name of a Roman gens, 
Cic; adj., Scantia silva, a woidin Campania, Cic. 
scapha -ae, f. (o-k6.$t\), a small boat, skiff, 
Cic. 

seapluum -ii, n. ((TKafaov), a boxcl in the 
shape of a boat; esp., a drinking- vessel, Cic. 

Scaptenstila -ae, f. (SKairrij v\n), a small 
town in Thrace near Abdera, famous for its gold 
and silver mines, and as the place of exile of 
Thucydides. 

Scaptia -ae, f. a town in Latium; hence, 
ail,]'-, Scaptlus -a -um, Scaptian ; tribus, Liv. 

Soapiila -ae, in. a surname of the Cornelian 
gens; adj., Scapulanus -a -um, belonging to 
Scapula; liorti, Cic 

scapulae -arum, f. the shoulder-blades, the 
shmUtlers, the back, Plaut. 

scapus -i, m. (v. scamnum), anything that 
SUpportx, e.g., I. the stalk of plants, Plin. II. a 
weaver's beam, Lucr. III. the shaft or stem of a 
candelabrum, Plin. 

soarabaeus -i, m. (*o-Kapa/3aio!, from 
oxdpa/ios = Kapafioi), a beetle, Plin. 
• scarifatio (scarif icatio) -Onis, f. (scarifo), 
a scratching 'up, scarifying, Plin. 

SCarifO (SCariflCO), 1. (<XKap«l!>ao/j.ai), to 
scratch up with any sharp-pointed instrument, 
scarify, Plin. 

scarus -i, in. (cricdpo?), a salt-water fish, much 
liked by the Romans, the parrot-fish, Hor. 

scatebra -ae, f. (scateo), a spouting up, 
bubbling up of water, Verg. 

scateo, 2. and (archaic) scato, S. to gush 
forth, spout out, bubble out. 1. Lit., Lucr. II. 
Meton., to swarm, abound; with abl., arx 
Bcatens fontibus, Liv.; with genit., terra fer- 
arum scatet, Lucr. 

scaturigo (scaturrigo) -ginis, f. (sca- 
tlirio), a spring of bubbling water ; plur., scatu- 
rigines turbidae, Liv. 

scaturlo (scaturrio), 4. (scateo), to gush 
forth; meton., Curio totus hoc scaturit, u full of 
(love for this party), ap. Cic. 
scaturrex ~ scaturigo (q.v.). 
scaurus -a -um (connected with o-KoUJeif). 
I. having projecting or swollen ankles, Hor. II. 
Scaurus, a Roman surname of the gens Aemilia 
and Aurelia, the most famous bearer of the name 
$? ina M. AeipiUi'S Scaurus, whom Cicero defended. 



scazou -ontis, m. {ana^otv, limping), an 
iambic trimeter with a spondee or trocliee in the 
last foot, Plin. 

scelerate, adv. (sceleratus), impiously, 
wickedly ; facere, Cic. ; dicere in aliquein, Cic. ; 
domus scoleratius aedificata quam tjversa, Cic ; 
aeeleratissime machinari oinnes insidias, Cic. 

Sceleratus -a -um, p. adj. (from scelero). 
I. polluted, profaned by guilt; terra, Verg.; 
limina Tliracum, Ov. ; esp., sceleratus vicus, 
the accursed street, the highest point of the vicus 
Cyprius on the Esquiline, where Tullia, the 
daughter of Servius Tullius, drove over the corpse 
of her father ; sceleratus campus, the accursed 
field, on the porta Collina, wliere unchaste Vestal 
virgins were buried alive, Liv. ; scelerata sedes, 
the lower world, Ov. II. Transf., A. impious, 
wicked, profane, infamous, accursed ; hastu scel- 
eratior, Cic. ; homo sceleratissimtis, Cic. ; 
subst., scelerati -dram, in. villaitis, mis- 
creants, Cic. ; poet.,, sceleratas sumere poenas, 
for impiety, wickedness, Verg. B. wretciwl, un- 
lucky, calamitous, noxious; frigus, Verg. 

scelero, 1. (scelus), to pollute, profane with 
guilt ; maims, Verg. 

scelerosus -a -um (scelus), full of guilt, 
wicked, impious, accursed ; facta, Lucr. 

sceleste, adv. (scelestus), wickedly, im- 
piously; facere, Liv.; suspicari, Cic. 

scelestus -a -um (scelus). I. wicked., ac- 
cursed, infamous ; a, facinus, Cic ; serino scelos- 
tior, Liv.; scelestissiinum te arbitror, Plaut.; b, 
knavish, roguish, Plaut. II. Transf., unlucky, 
wretched, pernicious, Plaut. 

scelus -5ris, 11. wickedness. I. Lit., subject., 
impiety, wickalness, Cic. II. Meton., object., 
A. a crime, evil deed, impious action, heinous 
offence; 1, lit, scelus facere, admittere, com- 
liiittere, edere, concipere, in sese concipere or 
suscipere, Cic ; ministor sceleris, Liv. ; scelus 
est(civeinRomanum) verberare, Cic; 2, transf., 
misfortune, calamity, Plaut. B. a villain, 
scoundrel, rascal ; ne bestiis, quae tantiim scelus 
attigissent, immanioribus nteremur, Cic. ; sce- 
lus viri, a rogue of a man, Plaut.; so scelus arti- 
ficis, Verg. 
sec 11a = scaena (q.v.). 
scenalis = scaenalis (q.v.). 
scenicua = scaenicus (q.v.). 
Scepsis -Is, f. (Sk^is), a town in Mysia, 
now Eskiupschi or Eski-Schupsche. Hence, 
SoepSlUS -a -um, of Scepsis; Metrodorus, 
Cic. 

soeptrifer -fSra -ferum (sceptrum and fero), 
sceptre-bearing, Ov. 
sceptrigir = sceptrifer (q.v.). 
sceptrum -i, n. {<rKr\irrpov), a sceptre, royal 
wand or staff. I. Lit, Cic; so jestingly, paed- 
agogorum, Mart. II. Transf., dominion, king- 
dom, royal authority; sceptra petit Evandri, 
Verg. 

sceptuchus -i, m. (<rici)TrTovx°0. the wand- 
bearer, a high official in Eastern courts, Tac 

scheda (schida) and soida -ae, f. (<rxi'5>j). 
I. a strip of papyrus bark, Plin. II. Transf., 
a leaf of paper; ut scida ne qua dopereat, Cic. 

schema -ae, f. and schema -at is, n, 
(<rx^a), shape, figure, form, fashion, Quint. 

SChlda = sclieda (q.v.). 

SChlstOS -a -on (o-xio-tos), cleft, cloven, split, 
Plin. 

Schoeneus -ei and -Sos, m. (Sxoii'cw's), O king. 
of Boeotia, father of Atalanta ; hence, A. Adj., 
ScJiofincJus -a -um, belonging to Schof-neus} 



sch 



500 



SCI 



Schoeneia virgo or simply Schoeneia, Alulanta, 
Ov. B. Schoeneis -Wis, f. Atalanta, Ov. 

schoendbates -ae, in. (o- / x°"'°/3«''>)<r), « 
rojx-walker, rope-dancer, Juv. 

sclioenus -i, m. (<r\olvos). I. an. ammnric 
reed used b?/ i/ic Romans to flavour vine, and as 
an ingredient in an unguent, Cato. II. Meton., 
A. o?i ointment, Plaut. B. a Persian measure 
of distance (between SO ami 00 stadia), Plin. 

schola (scola) -ae, f. (o-xoAij), leisure, rest 
from work; hence, I. learned leisure, learned con- 
versation, debate, dispute, lecture, dissertation ; 
certae scliolae sunt do exsilio, do interitu 
patriae, etc., Cic. ; scholas Graecorum more 
habere, Cic. ; vertes te ad alteram soholam, 
matter, Cic. II. Meton., 1, a, a place where 
learned disputations are carried on, a school, Cic; 
b, transf., (a) a gallery of works of art, used for 
such disputations and conferences, Plin. ; (/5) a 
waiting-room, room in a bath, Vitr. ; 2, the dis- 
ciples of a philosopher, a school, sect; claniahant 
omnes philosophoruni scliolae, Cic. 

SChdlaStlCUS -a -um ((rxoAao-riico;), of or 
'/•elating to a school; esp., to a school of rhetoric 
or to rlietoric, rhetorical. I. Adj., controversia, 
Quint. II. Subst, A. scholastica -Brum, 
n. rhetorical exercises, Quint. B. sclldlasticus 
-i, m. 1, a student of rhetoric, Quint; 2, a 
teacher of rhetoric, a professor, Suet. 

sciadeus -Oi, m. and sciaena -ae, f. 
(tr/cia.5eu?, aKiaiva), the male and female of a salt- 
water fish, perhaps Salmo Thymallus, Linn., 
Plin. 

Sciathus (-Ss) -i, f. (£Ki'a0o5), an island in 
the Aegean Sea, north of Euboea. 

scitia = schida (q.v.). 

sciens -entis (scio). I. Pailic, knowing 
something, Ter. II. Adj., with compar. and 

super!., A. = purposely, knowingly ; utoll'eiideret 
sciens nemincin, Cic. B. acquainted with a 
matter, knowing, understanding, versed in, ac- 
quainted with ; with genit., belli, Sail.; citharae, 
Hor.; scientissimus reipubjicae gerendae, Cic; 
with intin., flectere equum sciens, Hor. ; absol., 
quis hoc homine seientior, Cic. ; scientissiinus 
gubernator, Cic. 

scienter, adv. (sciens), skilfully, expertly; 
dicere, Cic. 

scientia ae, f. (sciens), a knowing, know- 
ledge of, acquaintance with. I. Gen., regionum, 
Cic. ; futurorum malorum, Cic. ; inemoria et 
scientia comprehendissc, Cic. II. Esp., theo- 
retical, philosophical knowledge, theory, science; 
an, quinn oa non utare, BClentiS tamen ipsa 
teneri potest, Cic; scientia diabeticorum, juris, 
Cic. ; rei militaris, Cic. ; plur., tot artcs, tantae 
scientiae, Cic. 

scilicet, adv. (contr. from scire licet). I. 
actually, just think! (to call attention to some- 
thing 6trange) ; rogat et prece cogit, scilicet ut 
tibi se laudare et tradere cogar, etc., Hor. ; ter 
sunt conati Olympum scilicet atque Ossae 
frondosum involvere Olympum, Verg. II. of 
course, naturally, evidently. A. Gen., a, with 
ace. and infin., Lucr. ; b f as a simple particle, 
cur igitur eos manumisit? metuebat scilicet, 
Cic. B. Esp., a, naturally, of course, un- 
doubtedly; with an adversative sent. (sen. 
with tamen, sed tamen, or sed), nihil scilicet 
novi, ca tamen, quae te Ipsum probaturum eon- 
fidam, Cic. ; b, ironically, of course, to be sure, 
forsooth; id populus curat scilicet, much the 
people trouble, themselves about that! Tit.; DgO 
istius pecudis consilio scilicet ant pracsidio uti 
volebam, Cic ; c, doubtless alas ! unda scilicet 
omnibus enaviganda, Hor, JXJ, to wit. namely, 
Briery 



scilla (squilla) -ae, f. (<7/a'AAa), 1, a sea- 
leek, squill, l'lin. ; 2, «• small sea-crab, Cic. 

8CilliliUS-a-iiui(scillus), made of squills, Plin. 

scillites -ae, m. (<™o\,\it>)s), flavoured with 
or made of squills, Plin. 

scilliticus = scilliuus (q.v.). 

scin'=scisne (q.v.). 

scincos -i, in. (<r/a'yKos), on Egyptian species 
of lizard, Plin. 

scindo, scldi, scissum, 3. (connected with 
o-\l.(u>), to tear, rend, tear asunder, break, split. 
I. Lit., crines, Verg. ; mater scissa coiuam, 
with torn hair, Verg.; epistolam, Cic; vestem 
de corporo, Prop. ; lignum cuneis, split, cleave, 
Verg. ; prow, paenulam alicui, to tear (oir a per- 
son's travelling cloak), i.e., to urge a person to 
stay, Cic. II. Transf., 1 ? topart, divide, separate; 
genus amborum scindit so sanguine ab uno, 
Verg.; pass., scindi, as middle, to separate, port; 
in contraria studia scinditur vulgns, Verg. ; 2, 
esp., a. to break off, interrupt ; verba fletu, Ov. ; 
b, to destroy, Plaut.; c,(= rescindo) to renew; 
ne scindam ipso dolorcm nieuin (from the 
metaphor of tearing open a wound), Cic 

scintilla -ae, f. a spark. I. Lit., Liv.; silici 
scintillam excudere, Verg. II. Pig., a. spark, 
glimmer, faint trace; belli, Cic. ; ingeuii, Cic. 

scintillatio -Onis, f. (scintillo), asparkling, 
Plin. 

scintillo, 1. (scintilla), to sparkle, glitter; 
scintillat oleum testa ardente, Verg. 

scintillula -ae, f. (dim. of scintilla), a little 
spark ; rig., virtutum quasi seintillulae, Cic 

scio -ivi and -li -itum, 4. to lenow, to have 
knowledge of, to experience. I. Gen. (<>pp. opinari, 
arbitral!), (a) with ace, istarum rerum nihil, 
Cic. ; quod sciam, as far as I know, Cic. ; (/3) 
with infin., scio tibi ita placere, Cic. ; scinius 
Atilium appellatum esse sapientem, Cic; (y) 
with dcp. rel. or interrog. sent., cum sciatis, 
quo quaeque res incline!, Cic; (5) absol., statim 
fac ut sciam, Cic. ; with de and the alii., cuin is, 
qui de omnibus scierit, do Sulla se scire negavit, 
Cic II. Esp., a, to know, have learned, be 
acquainted with ; (a) with ace, litcras, Cic; (0) 
with intin., qui tractare et uti sciat, Cic. ; (y) 
absol., scire Graece, Latino, to understand Greek, 
Latin; b, to perceive, to mark, Plaut. (syncop. 
perf., scisti, Ov. ; infin., scisse, Cic). 

sciothericon -I, n. (o-KioOvpiKov), a sun-dial, 
Plin. 

Scipiadas and Scipiades, v. 2. Scipio. 

1. SCipiO -Onis, in. (iTKimov, oKgnuiv), a step", 
want!, Plaut. ; eburneus, carried by viri tri- 
umphales, Liv. 

2. SCipiO -Onis, m. (ZLkittioiv, 2)a)Jriu)i>), a 
family name of the gens Cornelia, v. Cornelius. 
Hence, Scipiadas (-es) -ae, m. (5ia7rid£>]?), 
one of the family of the Scipios, a Scipio. 

Sciron -onis, m. (Ixipiov, ludpw). I. a 
noted robber on the coast between Megarls and 
Attica, killed by Theseus. II. (Sciron, Scyron, 
Siron, Syron), an Epicurean philosopher, con- 
temporary with Cicero and Vergil. 

scirpeus (sirpeus) -a -um (scirpus), made 

of rushes. I. Adj., imago or simulacrum (v. 
Argei), Ov. II. Subst., scirpeaor sirpea(sispia) 
-ae, f. basket-work made of rushes (to form the 
body of a waggon), Ov. 

scirpiculus (sirpiciilus) -a -um (scirpus), 
mails of rushes. Subst., scirpiculus -i, m. a 
rush-basket, Prop. 

scirpus (sirpus) -i, in. n. rash, bulrush, 
Plin. ; prov., nodum in scirpo qunerere, to find a 
liiff, <i!tn v;here there is none, Plju, 



sci 



507 



ser 



BCirros-i, m. (o-iappos), a hard swelling, Plin. 
sciscitator -oris, m. (sciscitor), cm inquirer, 
ixaminer, Mart. 

sciscitor, 1. dop. to investigate, inquire into, 
examine into, ask, interrogate ; (a) with ace. of 
thing, consulis voluutatem, Liv. ; (0) with ace. 
and ex and the abl., ex eo eius sententiam, Cic.; 
(V) with de and the abl., sciscitari de victoria, 
Cic: (6) with ace. of person, to consult; doos, 
Liv.: (e) with dop. infcerrog. Bent., sciscitari, 
uter Porsena esset, Liv.; (£) absol., elicuit 
co'miter seiscitando ut, etc., Liv. 

acisco, sclvi, sclturn, 3. (scio). I. to wck.to 
find out, investigate, inquire, Plaut. II. Polit. 
t. 1., to approve of by voting, to vote, assent to ; a, 
of the people, to ordain, resolve: quae sciseeret 
plebes, Cic.; with ut and the subj., Athemenses 
Bcivorunt ut, etc., Cic. ; of an individual, to vote 
fur ; legem, Cic. 

scissura -ac, f. (scindo), a splitting, cleav- 
ing, rending, separating, parting, Plin. 

scissus -a -uin, p. adj. (from scindo), torn, 
rent; transf., genus vocum, harsh, grating, Cic. 
scitamenta -5rum, n. (I. scitus), dainties, 
titoits, Plaut. 

SClte, adv.. (1. scitus), cleverly, skilfully, taste- 
fully, nicely, elegantly ; scite loqui, Liv.; capella 
scite facta, Cic. 

ECltor, 1. (scio), to wish to know, inquire, ask; 
aliquid. Verg. ; aliquem de aliqua re, Ov. ; orae- 
ula, to consult, Yerg. ; with dep. interrog., quid 
veniat, scitatur, Ov. 

SCltulus -a -ran (dim. of scitus), neat, pretty, 
elegant ; facies, Plaut. 

scitum -i, n. (sciseo). I. a decree, statute, 
ordinance; plebis scitum, populi scitum, Cic; 
plebei and plebi scitum, Liv.; seita ponUtleis, 
Liv. ; Ctesiphon scitum fecit ut, etc., Cic. II. 
a philosophical tenet. or maxim (Sovp-a), Sen. 

,1. scitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from sciseo). I. 
clever, wise, shrewd, skilful, adroit; sermo, Cic. ; 
with genit., scitus vadorum, acquainted with, 
Ov. ; lyrae, Ov. ; hence, scitum est, it is a clever 
sailing, Cic. ; vetus illud Catonis admodum 
scitum est, Cic. II. Transf., pretty, fine, 
Plaut. . 

2. scitus -ti, m. (sciseo), a statute, decree; 
plebi sci tu, Cic. 
sciurus -i, in. (cria'oupo5), a squirrel, Pliu. 
scius -a -uin (scio), knowing, Petr. 
scdbina -ae, f. (scobis), a rasp, file, Plin. 
scobis -is, f. (seabo), that which is scratched 
or. scraped off, filings, cuttings, chips, sluxvings, 
eau'dust, II or. 

Scodra -ae, f. a town in Macedonian Illyria, 
now Scodar or Scutari. Hence, Scodrenses 
-ium, m. the inhabitants of Scodra. 

Scodrus -i, m. mons, the easterly continua- 
tion of the Dalmatian and lllyrian mountains, 
now Argentaro. 
scola, etc.= schola, etc. (q.v.). 
scolopendra -ae, f. (o-KoAdiwopa), a kind 
ofmultipede, scolopendra, Plin. 

scolymus -i, m. (o-«:6Aufios), a species of arti- 
choke, Plin. 
scomber -bri, in. (o-K<ip.|3pos), a sea-fish, a 
■ mackerel, Plin. 



Scopas -ae, m. (Surras), a famous sculptor oj 
Paros. 



scopa -ae, f. I. a thin twig, a sj>rig, gen. in 
plur., Plin. II. Meton., plur., scopao -arum, 

f. a besom or broom, made of a number of twigs or 
branches; scopae vilos, llor. ; hence, prov., 
scopas dissolvere, to untie a broom, i.e., throw 
anything into confusion, Cic; scopae solutae = 
c muddled, foolish mm, Cic, 



scopes -uin, f. (oxin-e?), akind of owl, Plin. 

scopio -ouis, f. the stalk of a bunch of grapes, 
Plin. 

sc8pulosus -a -urn (scopulus), rocky, full o) 
cliffs, craggi/. I. Lit., mare, Cic. II. Fig., m- 
telligo quam scopulosu dillicilique in loco verser, 
Cic. 

SCOPUIUS -i, 111. (oxoVeAos). I. « rock, CTOg, 

cliff ■ esp., a rock in tlie sea; ad scopulos allldi, 
Caes. ; affligi, Cic. ; poet., of a promontory, uifames 
scopuli, Acroceraunia, Hor. ; in comparisons, o 
scopulis undaque ferocior, Ov. II. Fig., A. Gen., 
ad seopulum ire, to be ruined, Lucr. B. Esp., a 
rock, cliff (as symbolical of danger, difficulty, 
peril) ; in hos scopulos iucidere vitae, Cic. ; of 
persons, vos geinimio voragines scopullque rei- 
ptlblicae (of Piso and Gabiaius), Cic. 

scopua -i, m. (o-kottos), a mark set up to shoot 
at, Suet. 

scordiou -U, n. (o-KopSioy), a plant having an 
odour of garlic (Teuerion scordium, Linn.), Plin. 
Scordus -i, m. (to ^Kipiov 6po ? ), a mountain 
in Illyria barbara or Romano, on the borders of m 
Moesia and Macedonia. 

scoria -ae, f. (oxyopia), dross or slag (of metals), 
Plin. 

scorpaena -ae, f. (o-Kopnawa), a sea-scorpion, 
Plin. 

scorpio -onis, m. and soorpius (-os) -i, 
in. (o-Kopn-iW). I. a scorpion, Ov. II. Transf., 
a the Scorpion, as one of the signs of the Zodiac, 
b' a militant engine for throwing missiles, Caes. ; 
c' a prickly salt-water fish (Cottus scorpio, 
Linn.), Plaut. ; d, a prickly plant (Spartium 
scorpius, Linn.), Pliu. 

scorpionius -a -urn (scorpio), of or relating 
to a scorpion, Plin. 

scorpiuron -i, n. (o-KopTnoupor), a plant, 
scorpion's tail, heliotrope, Plin. 

scortator -oris, m. (scortor), a fornicator, 
Hor. 

scorteus -a -urn (seortum), of or relating to 
hides, leathern, made, of leather, Mart.; subst., 
scortea -ae, f. a leathern garment, Mart. 

scortillum -i, m. (dim. of scortuin), a little 
harlot, Cat. 
scortor, 1. dep. (seortum), to wlwre, Plaut. 
seortum -i, n. I. a skin, hide, Varr. II. a 
prostitute, Cic. 

screator -oris, m. (screo), one who hawks or 
hems, Plaut. 

screatus -vis, m. (screo), a hawking, hem- 
ming, Terr. 
screo, 1. to hawk, hem, Plaut. 
scriba -ae, m. (seribo), a clerk or secretary ; 
a in a public capacity, a clerk in the service of 
the senate ov the higher magistrates; scriba aedi- 
licius, Cic. ; b, of private persons, private secre- 
tary; scriba mens, Cic. 
seribllta -ao, f. a kind of tart, Plaut. 
seribo, scrips!, scriptuin, 3. (root SCIUB, 
SC1UP, connected with rPA<l>-io, as sculpo 
with vAu.|>w), to enarave .with a sharp-pomtal 
pencil, draw lines. I. 1, gen., lineam, Cic. ; 2, 
to draw, sketch, make an outline oj ; sentietur 
tibi forma et situs ngri, Hor. II. to write. 
A. Gen., literam, Cic; mea manu senptae 
litcrae, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to write a letter to ; 
alicui, Cic ; ad aliquem, Cic ; ad aliquem do 
aliquo (to recommend a person in writing to 
some one eke) accuratissinie, Cic; pass., with 
ace, pnd infin., scribttnr uobi? mulUtudineru 



scr 



508 



sen 



convenisse, Cic. ; 2, to beg, entreat, command by 
letter; with utor ne and the subj., velim domum 
ad te scribas ut mihi tui libri pateant, Cic. ; 
Scipioni scribenduni, ne belliim retnitterct, 
Liv. ; with subj. alone, seribit Labieno, veniat, 
Cues. ; 3, to write, put down in writing, compose, 
prepare; libros, Cic; leges, Cic; sonatas con- 
Bultum, Cic ; absol., (a) like the English, to 
write, i.e., to comjmse a literary work; se ad 
scribendi stadium contulit, Cic. ; (0) to treat of 
in writing ; hac super re scribain ad te, Cic. ; 
(y) to compose a legal instrument, to draw up, write 
drafts; haec urbana militia respondendi, scrib- 
endi, cavendi, Cic. ; 4, with double ace, to 
appoint in writing ; aliquem heredem, Cic; 5, 
commercial 1. 1., to give an order for the payment 
of money ; scribe docem a Nerio, let the debtor 
pay 10,000 sesterces through (the money-changer) 
Ncrius, Hor.; 6, to write about, describe, ccie 
brute in writing; Marium, Cic. ; Beriberis Vr.rio 
fortis, Hor. ; 7, polit. t. t., to enrol soldiers, 
colonists, etc, supplemental!! legionibus, Cic. ; 
quinque milia colonorum Capuam, Liv. ; tvansf., 
scribe tui gregis hunc, enrol him as one of your 
friends, Hor. 

scrmiuni -li, n. a cylindrical case, casket, or 
box for books, papers, unguents, etc., Sail., Hor. 

Scribomus -a -urn, name of a Roman gens. 

SCTiptlo -onis, f. (scribo). I. writing, the 
art of writing, Cic II. Esp., writing, written 
composition ; nulla res tantura ad dicendum 
prolicit, quantum scriptio, Cic 

scriptito, 1. (intens. of scribo). I. to write 
frequently; et iiaec et si quid aliudad me scribas 
velim vel potius scriptites, Cic. II. to write, 
. compose ; orationes multas, Cic 

scriptor -5ris, m. (scribo). I. a writer, 
clerk, secretary, Cic II. a writer, author, com- 
poser, narrator ; 1, a, with genit., rorum suarum 
domestici scriptores et nuntii, Cic. ; scriptor 
rerum, a historian, Liv. ; b, absol., an author, 
tenter; of orators, subtilis scriptor (Lysias), 
Cic. ; of historians, Sail. ; of poets, Hor. ; 2, 
polit. 1. 1., a composer, one who draws up ; legis, 
Cic. 

scriptula -5rum, n. (dim. of scriptum), the 
lines on a draught-board, Ov.^ 

scriptum -i, It. (scribo). I. a line drawn on 
a draught-board ; ludere duodecim scriptis, to 
play at draughts, Cic. II. anything written, a 
writing; 1, gen., Latina scripfa, Cic. ; mandare 
scriptis, Cic ; 2, esp., a, a written decree, a law, 
Cic. ; b, the text or letter of a work ; quum videtur 
scriptoria voluntas cum scripto ipso dissentire, 
Cic. 

scriptura -ae, f. (scribo), a writing. I. 
Gen., Win. II. Esp., a composing in writing, 
v:ritten composition. A. Lit., scriptura assidua 
ac diligens, Cic. ; scriptura nliquid persequi, 
Cic. B. Meton., 1, the writing or work itself, 
Tac. ; 2, testamentary disposition; deinde ex 
superiore et ex inferioro scriptura doceudum id, 
quod quaeratur, Cic. ; 3, a tax or rent paid for 
the public pastures ; vectigal ex scriptura, Cic; 
magistri scripturae, Cic 

scripiilum (scruptilum) -i, n. (another 
form ot scrnpulus), a scruple, the smallest part of 
o weight or mass. I. Lit., ^Kpart of an uncia; 
argenti scripulum, Cic II. Transf., the smallest 
portion of o degree (in astronomy), a minute, 
Plin. 

scrSbiculus -1, in. (dim. of scrobis), a little 
ditch, nin. 

scrobis -is, c. a ditch, Verg. ; a grave, Tac. 
scrofa -ae, f. (yponipat), a breeding sow, Varr. 
scrofipascus -i, m. (scrofa a,.nd pasco), a 
keeper of pigs, flflut: 



sorupodaand scrupipoda -ae, f. hobbling, 
limping, Plaut. 

scrupeus -a -urn (scrupus), consisting oj 
sharp stones, rugged, rough; spelunca, Verg. 

Scruposus -a -urn (scrupus), rough, rugged, 
Lucr. 

scrupulose, adv. (scrupulosus), accurately, 
exactly, scrupulously, Quint. 

scrupulosus -a -nm (scrnpulus). I. Lit., 
full of sharp stones, rough, rugged ; cotes, Cic. 
II. Fig., exact, accurate, scrupulous, precise, Plin. 

scrupiilum - scripulum (q.v.j. 

scrupfllus -i, m. (dim. of scrupus), lit., a 
small stone ; fig., uneasiness, care, disquiet, 
anxiety, doubt, scruple ; scrupulum nlieui injicere, 
Cic ; scrnpulus tenuissimus residet, Cic. ; scru- 
pulum ex animo evellere, Cic. 

scrupus -i, m. I. a sharp stone, Pctr. II. 
Fig., anxiety, disquiet, care, Cic. 

SCruta -drum, n. 'ypv-nf), frippery, trash, 
trumjiery, Hor. 

scrutatio -Onis, m. (scrutor), a searching, 
investigating, Quint. 

scrutator -5ris, m. (scrutor), one who 
searches, investigates, examines, Suet. 

scrutor, l. aep. (scruta). I. to search into, 
search through, investigate accurately, examine, 
inspect. A. Lit., domos, naves, Cic ; Alpes, 
Cic. ; abdit^a loca, Sail. B. Fig., to examine 
thoroughly, toseekfor ; locos ex quibusargnmenta 
eruamus, Cic. II. to search into, find out; 
arcanum, Hor. ; mentes deum, Ov. 

sculpo, sculpsi, sculptum, 8. (root SCULP, 
Gr. rAY4', y\v^oi), to carve, hew, grave, cut, 
chisel ; ebur, a statue of ivory, Ov. 

Sculponeae -arum, f. wooden shoes, Plaut. 

sculptilis -e (sculpo), carved, hewn, cut; 
opus dentis Numidae, work in Ivory, Ov. 

sculptura -ae, f. (sculpo), raised work in 
wood, ivory, marble, gems, sculpture, Quint. 

scurra -ae, m. I. a dandy, bean., man about 
town, a fine gentleman ; scurrae locupletes, Cic. 
II. a jester, buffoon, a parasite who earned his 
dinner at the tables of the great by witty conversa- 
tion; Zeno Socratem scurram Atticum fuisse 
dicebat, Cic ; scurra V3gus, non qui certain 
praesepe teneret, Hor. 

scurrilis -o (scurra), like a buffoon, mocking, 
jeering; jocus, Cic; dicaoitas, Cic. 

scurrilitas -Stia, f. (scurrilis), buffoonery, 
Tac. 

scurrllitcr, adv. (scurrilis), like a buffoon, 
Plin. 

scurror, 1. dop. (scurra), to play the buffoon ; 
scuirantis speciem praebere, nor. 

scutalo -is, n. (scutum), the thong of a sling, 
Liv. 

scutarius -ii, in. (scutum), a shield-maker, 
Plaut. 

SCUt&tUS -a -uni (scutum), armed with a 
shield ; cohortes, Caes. 

scutolla -ne, f. (dim. of scutra), a little flat 
dish or salver ; dulclculae potiouis, Cic. 

scutfea (scjftlca) -ae, f. (o-kvtho;, from 
ctkOto?, leather), a whip, lash, Hor. 

scutlgerulus -i, m. (scutum and gero), a 
shield-bearer, armour-bearer, Plaut. 

scutra -ae, f. a tray, dish, salver, Plant. 

scutula -ae, f. (o-Kv-raATj). I. a roller for 
moving heavy weights, Cats. II. a small tray 
or dish, Mart. I'll, a diamond or lozen,ge-3havej.i 

figure, Tac 



sen 



805*Sid.tus -a -urn (scutula), lozenge or 
iiamoml-shapcd fabrics woven in checks, Juv. 
Plur. subst., scutulata -6mm, n. (sc. ves- 
timenta), clothes made 0/ such fabrics, Juv. 

scutulum -i, n. (dim. of scutum), a little 
shield, Cic. 

scutum -i, n. (o-kutos, leather), a large quad- 
ran'jular shield, made of wood covered with hUles 
(clipeus, a smaller oval shield of metal); pedestre 
(of a foot-soldier), Llv. ; scutum abjicere, Cic. ; 
sctito vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Llv. 

Scylaccuni -i, n. a town in Lower Italy, 
now Squillace ; navifragum, Verg.; hence, Scy- 
laceus -a -um, relating to Scylaceum; litora, 
Ov. 

Scylla -ae, f. (2«vAAa). I. re lofty rock at 
the entrance to the straits between Sicily and Italy, 
opposite to the whirlpool Charybdis, dangerous 
for sailors; persomf., daughter of Phorcus, 
changed bii Circe into a monster, with dogs about 
the lower part of ~ier body. II. daughter of Nis-us, 
king in Mcgara, who cut off her father's hair, on 
which his happiness depended, and was turned 
into the bird Viris. Hence, Scyllaeus -a -um 
(SxuAAaios), belonging to Scylla I. Subst., 
Scyllaeum = Scylla I., re rock; transf., Scyll- 
aeum illud aeris alieni, Cic. 

scymnus -i, m. (o-kvuvos), a young animal, 
whelp ; leonum, Lucr. 

scyphus -i, m. (o-ku^os), a drlnking-cup, 
goblet ; inter scyphos, over our wine, in our cups, 
Cic. ; vartit in eundem carcerem atoue in 
eundem paucis post annis soyplium (cup of 
poison) Socrates, Cic. 
Scyrlas, v. Scyros. 
Scyron = II. Sciron(q.v.'). 
Soyrus (-6s) -i, f. CXkvpos), an island in the 
Aeaean Sea, near Euboea, now Sciro, where 
Achilles concealed himself in woman's clothes, the 
resilience- of I.y corned es, lehose daughter Deidamia 
was the mother of I'yrrhus by Achilles. Hence, 
A. Scyrias -.Wis, f. of Scyrus; puella, Dei- 
damia, Ov. B. Scyrius -a -inn, of Seyms; 
pubes, Verg. ; membra (of Pyrrlius), Ov. 

scytala -ae, f. and scytalo -6s, f. (o-kutoAi)), 
a roller ; lience, the roller used by the Spartans, 
around which they bound strips, and thus wrote 
their despatches, so that the despatches which 
were unwound could only be read by being 
rolled round a similar stick ; hence, ineton., re 
secret despatch, Nep. 

Scythes (Scytha) -ae, m. (2.kv0t)<;), a 
Scythian. Plur., Scythae, the Scythians, a name 
of various meaning, sometimes including all the 
nomadic tribes to the north of the Blaj:k and the 
Caspian Seus. Hence, A. Scythia -ae, f. 
(S.Kv$ia), Scythia. B. ScythlCUS -a -um (2kv- 
Oiicds), Scythian; amnis, the Tanais, Hor. C. 
Scythis -Wis, f. a Scythian woman. D. 
Soythissa -ae, f. a Scythian woman. 

1. se (sed), prep.= without. I. With abl., 
se fraude esto, ap. Cic. II. Prep, insepar., a, 
=■ without, as securus (= sine cura) ; b,= apart, 
e.g., sepono. 

2. se = semi, half, as semodius. 
8. so = sex, six, as semestris. 

4. se, ace. and abl. of sui (q.v.). 

Sebethos (Sebetos) -i, m. re river in Cam- 
pania, near Neapolis. Hence, Sebettns (Se- 
betis) -Idis, f. of Sebethos; nympha, Verg. 

sebosus -a -um (sebum), full of tallow, tal- 
lowy, Plin. 

sebum (sevum) and saevum -i, n. tallow, 
tuet, fat, grease, Cues. . 



6X0 666 

-is, n. re species of grain, perhaps ryi\ 



s Scale 

Plin. 

secamenta -5rum, n. (seco), carved work, 
Plin. 

secedo -cessi -cessum, 3. to do Apart, go 
away, witlulraw. I. Gun., a, of porsons, se- 
cedant improbi, Cic; b, of things, to be distant; ■ 
tautuin eecessit ab imis terra, Cic. II. Esp., a, 
to withdraw, retire, go asule ; in abditain partem 
aedium, Sail.; ad deliberandum, Liv. ; b, to 
withdraw, secede; plebs a patribus secessit, 
Sail. ; in sacrum montem, Liv. 

secerno -cre'vi -cretum, 3. to separate, sever, 
part, sunder, set apart. I. Lit., nihil praedae 
in publicum, Liv. ; with ab and the abl., se a 
bonis, Cic; inermos ab armatis, Liv.; with ex 
and the abl., aliquem e grege impeiatorem velut 
inaestimabilem, Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen., 
anlmum a corpore, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to distin- 
guish; blandum amicum a vero, Cic; poet., 
with abl. alone, honestum turpi, Hor. ; 2, to set 
aside, to reject ; frugalissimum quemque, Cic. ; 
contraria non fugere, sed quasi seceniere, Cic. 

secespita -ae, f. (seco), a sacrificial knife, 
Suet. 

secessio -5nis, f. (secedo). I. a going on 
one side; seccssione facta, Liv.; e6p. for a con- 
ference or parley, secessiones subscriptorum, 
Cic ; milites vesper! secessioneni faciunc, collect 
together, Cacs. II. o political withdrawal, seces- 
sion; populi, Caes.; in Aventinum montein, 
Liv. Plur., secessiones plebei, Cic 1 

secessus -us, 111. (secedo). I. a going away; 
avium, miyration, Plin. II. retirement, retreat, 
Ov. ; hence, meton., (a) a place of retirement, a 
retreat, esp., a summer place of residence, Verg. ; 
(S) a recess; longus, a bay running far into the 
kind, Verg. 

seclude -clusi -clusum, 3. (cludo, i.e., 
claudo), to shut off. I. to shut away, shut up 
apart ; antro seclusa, Verg. ; transf., inclusuin 
supplicium atque a conspectu parentiuin ac 
liberilm seclusum, Cic II. to sever, separate, 
sunder, Cic. ; munitione flumen a moiite, Caes* ; ■ 
transf., curas, to banish, Verg. 
seclus, v. secus. 

seclusus -a -um, partic of secludo. 
sfico, sSciii, sectum, but ae'eaturus, 1. (root 
SEC, connected with German sagon, English to 
saw), to cut, cut off, cut in pieces. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., pabula, Caes. ; unguis sectus, Hor. B. 
Esp., 1, medical t. t., to cut off, amputate, to cut 
surgically ; varices Mario, Cic ; 2, to cut, geld, 
castrate, Mart. II. Transf., 1, to tear, wound, 
scratch, injure, hurt ; secuerunt corpora vepres, 
Verg. ; si quern podagra secat, torments. Cat. ; 
2, to cut through, run through, sail through, 
traverse ; ayis secat aethera pennis, Verg. ; 
aequor puppe., Ov. III. Fig., 1, to lash in words, 
satirise; urbem, Pers. ; 2, to divide; causas in 
plura genera, Cic; hence, a, to settle, decide; 
lites, Hor.; b, to pursue, follow up ; spemsecare, 
Verg. 

secreto, adv. (secretus), separately; consilia 
secreto ab aliis coquebaut, Liv. ; eadem secreto 
ab aliis quaerit, Caes. ; secreto hoc audi, tecum 
habeto, Cic 

secretus -a -um, p. adj. (from secerno), 
separate, apart. I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, gen., arva, 
Verg.; imperium, Liv.; 2, esp., separate, soli- 
tary ; colles, Tac ; secreta petere loci, Hor. B. 
Fig., a, deprived of; with abl., secreta cibo 
natura, Lucr. ; with genit., corpora secreta 
teporis, Lucr. ; b, secret ; artes, Ov. ; nee quic- 
quam sccretum alter ab altero habent, Liv. II. 
Subst., sccretum -i, n. 1, retirement, solitude, 
a solitary place ; secreta Sibyllae.Verg.; abducere 



flee 



510 



sec 



aliquem iu secretura, Liv. ; in secrete, Llv. ; 
2, o secret, mystery; omnium secreta rimari, 
lac; iu secretis eius, in his private papers, Suet. 

secta -ae, f. (sequor), a mode of life, proce- 
dure, conduct, plan. I. Gen., nos qui hanc 
sectam rationemquo vitae secuti suinus, Cic. 
II. Esp., 1, polititxd method, party ; sequi eius 
auctoritatein ouins sectam atiiue imperiuui 
secutus est, Cic. ; 2, a philosophical school, sect ; 
philosophorum sectam secutus es, Cic. 
, sectarius -a -um (seco), cut, gelded, Plaut. 

sectator -Oris, m. (sector), a follower, hanger 
on; plur., a suite of attendants, train, retinue. 
A. Gen., lex Fabia quae est de numero seetat- 
oruiu, dependents, clients, Cic. B. a member of 
a sect or school, Tac. 

sectilis -e (seco). I. cut, cloven ; etrar, Ov. ; 
pavimenta, made vp of small pieces, mosaic, Suet. 
II. that can be cut or cloven, Mart. 

sectio -onis, f. (seco). I. a cutting, cutting 
up, Plin. II. the buying vp of confiscated pro- 
perty, both of the goods of proscribed persons and 
of booty taken in war, and of inheritances which 
lapsed to the state; ad illnd sectionis seeing ac- 
cedere, Cic; exercendis apud aerarium secti- 
onibus famosus, Cic; concr. —property of this 
kind, put up to auction; cuius praedae sectio 
uon venierit, Cic. ; scctionem eius oppidi uni- 
versam Caesar vendidit, Caes. 

sectivns -a -um (seco), that can be cut or 
chopped up, Plin. 

1. sector -Oris, m. (seco), 1, a cutter; col- 
loruin, a cut-throat, Cic; 2, a buyer of confiscated 
or ether public property; bonorum, Cic; Pom- 
peji, of the pr o pert y ofPompeyj Cic. 

2. sector, l. dep. (intens. of sequor), to follow 
eagerly, continually. I. Lit., 1, in a friendly 
way, tn accompany constantly, run after; a, 
aliquem totos dies, Cic. ; b, as a servant, to be 
in, the train of; ii servi ubi sunt? Chrysogonum 
seetantur, Cic ; 2, in a liostile manner, to run 
after in order to ridicule, to harass ; a, ut pueri 
enm sectentur, Cic. ; b, to follow animals in the 
chase, to hunt, pursue; leporem, Hor. ; apros, 
Verg. II. Transf., 1, to strive after, pursue 
eagerly ; praedam, Cae*. ■. virtutes, Tac. ; 2, to 
try to find out ; mitto sectari quo, etc, Hor. 

sectrix -tricis, f. (sector), she that purchases 
the confiscated property of the proscribe/1, Plin. 

sectura -ae, f. (seco). I. a cutting, Plin. 
II. Meton., a place where something is cut or dug 
out ; aerariae secturae, copper-mines, Caes. 

secubitUB -us, m. (6ecumbo), a deeping 
alone, Ov. 

secubo -ui, 1. to slc-p alone, sleep by ore's 
self. I. Lit., Ov., Liv. II. to live a solitary 
life. Prop. 

secularls = saecularis (q.v.). 

seculum = saccnlum (q.v.). 

sccum = cum so, v. (ml and cum. 

sccundani -Brum, m. (sccundus), soldiers of 
the second legion, Liv. 

secundarius -a -um (sccundus), belonging 
to the second ran I: or class, of second-rate Quality; 
panis, Suet ; of abstr., status de tribus secund- 
aria, Cic. ; subst., socundarium -ii, n. 
secondary matter of discussion, Cic. 

. 1. secundo, adv. (secundus). I. in the 

second place, Cic. II. for the second time, Lucr. 

2. secundo, 1. (secundus), to male favourable, 
to fivour, bless, assist, second; dii incepta see- 
undent, Verg. ; secundante vento, Tac. 

secundum, adv. and prep, (secundus). I. 
Adv., 1, afterwards, behind ; ite hac secundum, 



Plaut. ; 2, secondly, in the iie.rt phice. Cic. II, 
Prep, with ace, after. A. In spate, 1, close 
behind; aram, Plaut.; 2, along, close along, by, 
near to; secundum mare, Cic. B. In time and 
order of events, 1, lit., a, of time, after; se- 
cundum comitia, Cic. ; secundum haec, ajter 
this, Liv. ; secundum quictcm, in a dream, Cic ; 
b, of order, after, next to; secundum te, nihil 
milii amicius est solitudine, Cic; hcres secun- 
dum iiliam, next after the daughter, Cic ; 2, 
transf., a, according to, in accordance with ; 
secundum naturam vivere, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., 
in favour of, to the advantage of; decernere sec- 
undum aliquem, Cic. 

secundus -a -uin (sequor), following. I. 
Gen., 1, of time, luniine secundo, on the fol- 
lowing day, Enn. ; inensa, the dessert, Cic. ; 2, 
in succession, following the first, second; a, lit*., 
id secundum erat de tribus, Cic; lieres, a person, 
to inherit in case the firs', heir dies, Cic. ; partes 
secundae, the. second role, Cic; hence; subst, 
(a) secundae -arum, f. the second rule ; agere, 
Sen. ; iuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum, was 
second fiddle to Crassus, followed after him, Cic; ; 
(S) secunda -ae, f. (sc hora), the second hour ; 
ad seciindam, Hor. ; b, tig., (a) second in 
rank, next, following; secundus ad principa- 
tum, Cic. ; (ft) second in value, second-rate, 
inferior; panis, Hor.; nulli Campanoruin sec- 
undus, Liv. 11. Esp., following easily or wil- 
lingly. A. Lit., 1, of persons, dum ridetur lictis 
Balatrone secundo, Hor. ; 2, of wind or tide, 
following (i.e., favourable) ; a, of water, secundo 
flumine, with the stream, Caes.; b, of wind, 
navem secundis ventis cursuni teneutem, Cic; 
vento secundissimo, Cic. ; c, of sails flUed with 
a favourable wind, secunda vela dato, Ov. ? 3, 
of things, curruquo (dat.) volans dat loia sec- 
undo, Verg. B. Fig., a, favourable, favouring ; 
voluntas contionis, Cic ; secundo populo, with 
the goodwill of the people, Cic; secundo Harte, 
with success in battle, Verg. ; leges secundissimac 
plebi, Liv.; b, fortunate, successful; secundis- 
simtun proelium, Caes.; res secundae, prosjierity, 
Cic ; subst., secundum -!, n. prosperity, Ncp, ; 
plur., secunda, Hor. 

secure, adv. (securus). I. composedly, tran- 
quilly, unconcernedly, Suet. II. securely, safely, . 
Plin. 

sccurlcula -ae, f. (dim. of securis), a Utile 
axe, Plaut. 

securifer -ffra -fSrum (securis and fero), 
carrying an axe, Ov. 

scouriger -gfra -gSrum (securis and gero), 
carrying an axe ; puellae, the Amazons, Ov. 

securis -is, ace -im, abl. -i, f. (seco\ an n t, 
hatchet. I. A. Lit., for felling trees, Verg. ; as 
a weapon of war, a battle-axe, Verg.; for killing 
victims at a sacrifice, Verg. ; esp., for executing 
criminals, the headsman's axe ; securi friire, pcr- 
entere, Cic. ; saevus securi Torquatua(who had bis 
own son beheaded), Verg. ; prov., securi Tenediil 
(Tevf&ta ire\eicci), with the extrcmest severity (from 
king Xenes of Tenedos, wlio executed every 
person who accused an innocent man), Cic. 
B. Fig., wound, injury, disaster; graviorein 
infligfere securim reipnblicne, Cic. IL M >ton., 
(as secures, fasces and virgae were carried by 
the lictors of the highest magistrates at Home), 
supreme, power, Roman supremacy; tl, plur., 
Gallia sccuribus subjects, completely sub 
Caes. ; b, sing., Germauia colla Bomanac prae- 
bens animosa securi, Ov. 

SCCUritas -iKis, f. (securus). I. freedom 
from rare. A. In a good si-use, peace of mind, 
quiet, (Jic B. In a bad sense, carelessness, ih- 
difference, Tac II. Transf., freedom from- ' 
danger, security, Tac. 



8G0 



511 



sed 



Securus -a -um (1. se and oura), free from 
tare. I. Lit., unconcerned, fearless, tranquil; 
a, of persons, animus securus do aliqua re, 
Cic. ; securior ab aliquo, Liv. ; with genit., 
amorum, Verg. ; f.nnae, Ov. ; with dep. interrog. 
sent., quid Tiridaten terreat, unice securus, 
Ilor.; lion securus, followed by no and the subj., 
ne quis etiam errore labatur vestrum quoque 
non sum securus, Liv. ; b, of inanimate things, 
(«) untroubled, cheerful; quies, Ov. ; olus, simple, 
plain meal, Hor. ; with genit., sint tua vota licet 
seenra repulsae, safe against, Ov. ; (/3) in a bad 
sense, negligent, careless ; castrensis jurisdictio, 
Tac. II. Transf., safe, secure; tenipus, locus, Liv. 

1. secus, n. indecl. = sexus, sex; virile et 
muliebre secus, Liv. 

2. secus, adv. (root SEC, SEQ, whence se- 
quor). I. Posit., A. Adv., a, otherwise, not so; 
secus est, non (haud) secus, just as, foil, by 
atque (ac) quant, etc.; longe secus, far otherwise, 
Cic. ; b, not right, not well, badly (opposed to 
preceding recte, bene, beate, etc.); recte an 
secus, rightly or wrongly, Cic. ; ant beate aut 
secus viveie, happily or the reverse, Cic. ; secus 
existimare de aliquo, Cic; c, less; neque multo 
secus in iis virium, Tac. B. Prep, with ace. 
= secundum, Cato. II. Compar., setiuius 
(sccitis) and soctms (setius), 1, otherwise, 
not so; non setius ut, not otherwise than, just as, 
Verg. ; non sutius uriturquam, Ov. ; 2,= minus, 
less ; nilo and niliilo setius (sequius), none the lens, 
Cic; haud setius and non setius, Verg. ; 3, less 
well, badly; invitus quod sequius sit de meis 
civibus loquor, Liv. 

sccutor -oris, m. (sequor), a gladiator armed 
with a sword and shield «>7io fought with a rc- 
tiarius, Juv. 

1. sed, v. 1. se. 

2. sed (old Latin sSt), conj. (connected with 
s§d *= se, without). I. but, yet ; 1, to limit or 
qualify a person's statement, Cic. ; sed enim, 
Cic. ; sed enimvero, Liv. ; sed autem, Verg. ; 2, 
esp., a, to express an' ascending climax, sed 
etiam, but also, nay rather; avarissiinne sed 
etiam crudelissimae, Cic; consilium del'uit, sed 
etiam obfuit, Cic; b, in transitions, but, yet ; 
(a) in returning to a previous subject, sed red- 
eamus ad Hortensium, Cic. ; (/3) in resuming a 
discourse after a parenthesis, ut peroravit (nam 
. . . peregerat), sed ut peroravit, otc, Cic. ; c, 
in breaking oft' disoourse, but, yet ; sed haec 
hactenus, Cic. II. To limit or qualify a pre- 
vious negative sent., but; esp., in the phrases 
non modo (non solum, non tantnm), sed etiam 
(quoque), not only . . . but also; non modo 
(solum) . . . sed, not only . . . but even; ne- 
gotiis non interfuit solum, sed praefuit, Cic. 

sedamen -Inis, n. (sedo), a sedative, Sen. 

sedate, adv. (sedatus), quietly, composedly, 
tranquilly; placide atque sedate, constanter 
et sedate dolorein ferre, Cic. ; of discourse, 
sedate placideque labi, Cic 

sedatio -5nis, f. (sedo), on allaying, sooth- 
ing, assuaging of violent emotion or passion; 
anirni, Cic; maerendi, Cic; plur., sedationes 
(animi), Cic. 

sedatus -a -um, p. adj. (from sedo), quiet, 
composed, tranquil; homo, Cic; scdato gradu 
abire, Liv. ; animus sedatior, Cic 

sedecies, adv. (sedeeini), sixteen times, Plin. 

sedecim and sexdSciut (sex and decern), 
sixteen, Caes. 

sedeciila -ae, f. (dim. of scdes), a loiv seat 
or stool, Cie. 

sedentarius -a -um (.seden.9), sitting, se- 
dentary; sntor, Plaut. 



sedeo, sedi, 2. to sit. I. Gen., A. Life., 1, 
a, of persons, with in and the abl., in sella, in 
solio, in equo, Cic. ; with abl. alone, carpento, 
sede regia, Liv. ; absol., quum tot summi ora- 
toressedeant, Cic; b, of animals, to settle ; comix 
sedet in hunio, Ov. ; 2, esp., of magistrates, to 
sit in council, sit in judgment ; SaievolS (tri- 
buno) in rostris sedente, Cic. ; pro tribuuali, 
Cic ; in tribuuali, Cic B. Transf., of things, 
to settle, sink down; sedet nebula densiorcampo, 
Liv. ; sedisse montes, Tac. ; of food, to settle, be 
digested ; esca quae tibi sederit, Hor. II. With 
a notion of endurance. A. Lit., 1, to remain 
in one place, settle, stuy ; also with the notion of 
to be inactive, idle; in villa totos dies, Cic; 
Coreyrae, Cic. ; desidens doini, Liv. ; sedit qui 
tiniuit, remained at home, Hor. ;" consulibus 
sedentibus, Cic. ; prov., compressis nianibu's 
sedere, to sit with folded hands, Liv.; 2, esp., 

a, to sit as a siqipliant at the altar of SOME 
qod; meliora deos sedet omnia poscens, Verg.-; 

b, milit. t. t., to remain encamped, to sit down 
before a place, to remain inactive; Arretii ante 
moenia, Liv. B. Transf., 1, lit., a, to be firmly 
settled; in liquido sederunt ossa cerebro, Ov..; 
b, of weapons, to be fixed, be fastened, to stick; 
clava sedet in ore viri", Ov. ; 2, fig., a, to remain 
fast, unchanged ; pallor in ore sedet, Ov. ; b, of 
resolves, to be firmly determined, to remain fixed-; 
idque pio sedet Aeneac, Verg. 

scdes -is, f. (sedeo), a seat. I. Lit., a stoot, 
chair, throne; sedes honoris, sella curulis, Cic.'; 
sedes ponere, Liv. ; priores sedes tenere, the first 
rank, Hor. II. Transf., a, an abode, habita- 
tion, place of settlement, home ; sedes fundatw 
Veneri, a temple, Verg. ; sceleratorum, the id- 
fernal regions, Cic. ; earn sibi doinuni sedesque 
deligere, Cic; plur., sedes sanctae peuatium 
deorumque, Cic ; his sedibus sese continere, 
Cic. ;esp., (a) the grave; sedibus hunc refer aute 
suis et conde sepulchre, Verg. ; (j3) the dwelling- 
place of the soul, the body ; anima misera de sedo 
volens exire, Ov. ; b, of things, place, seat, spot, 
base, foundation ; turrim convellimu3 altis sed- 
ibus, Verg. ; suis sedibus convulsa Roma, Cic; 
montes moliri sede BUS, Liv. 

sedile -is, n. (sedeo), a seat ; (a) sing., Verg<; 
(/3) plur., sSdilia, a tow of seats or benches in t/ie 
theatre or elsewhere, Hor. ; benches for rowers, 
Verg. ■ < ■ 

sedimentum -i, n. (sedeo), o settling, sedi- 
ment, Plin. .!• 

seditio -Onis, f. (from sed = se, apart, and 
itio), a dissension. I. Between individuals, dis- 
sension, quarrel; domestica (of brothers), Li \\; 
crescit favore turbida seditio, Ov. II. Between 
meiiTbers of a political union, esp., citizens and 
soldiers, a civil or military revolt, insurrection, 
sedition, rising, mutiny. A. 1, lit., militaris, 
Liv. ; seditionein ac discordiam concitare, Cic. ; 
seditioncm conciro, Liv. ; confiare, Cic ; facerp, 
Caes. ; restinguere, Cic. ; person if., ax an at- 
tendantof Fama ; Seditio repens, Ov.; 2, nieton/, 
the rebels, Liv. B. Transf., rising, tumult. ; 
intestina corporis, Liv. ; iracundia dissidens » 
ratione seditio quaedam, Cic. ' ' 

seditiose, adv. with compar. and super], 
(seditiosus), seditiously, Cic. 

scdltiosus -a -um (seditio). I. seditious, 
turbulent; civis, Cic; triumviri seditiostssimi 
Cic. II. restless; seditiosa ac tumultuosa vita, 
Cic. 

sedo, 1. (causat. of sedeo). I. Lit., to 
cause to settle; pulverem, Phaedr. II. to settle, 
soothe, still, calm, allay, assuage, put an end to, 
extinguish .•bullnin, pugliatn, Cic.;incendia, Liv.; 
Invidiam, Cic; iiupetum populi, Cic; Irani, 
Plin. ; actionem, Cic. ; lites eorum, Cic. : 



aed 



512 



eel 



Seduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to take or lead a 
I. Lit, a, in order to speak secretly tu a 

.i-son ; aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem a debita peste, to 
lead aside and so rescue from danger, Cic. ; b, of 
tilings, vacuos ocellos, to turn asitle, Prop. ; 
Btipitem, to push aside, Ov. ; vina paulum se- 
ducta, placed uside, Ov. II. Transf., a, poet., 
to separate, sever; sedueit terras undadvtas, Ov. ; 
Beducunt castra, divide into two, Ov. ; b, to ex- 
clude ; consilia se<lucta plurium conscientla, Liv. 

soductlo -Onls, f. (seduco), a leading or 
drawing aside; testimn, Cic. 

seductus -a -urn, p. adj. (from sedueo), 
remote, distant ; recessus gurgitis, Ov. 

SCdfile = sedulo (q.v.). 

scdillltas -ittis, f. (sedulus), assiduity, zeal, 
application, Cic. 

sedulo, adv. (sedulus), a, busily, zealously ; 
sedulo argumentaris, Cic; b, purposely, d«- 
signedly, Liv. 

sedulu? -a -urn (from sedeo, as credulus 
from credo), busy, diligent, assiduous, sedulous, 
earnest, zealous; homo, Cic; apis, Cic; bra- 
chin, Ov. 

s5dum -i, n. the plant houseleek, Plin. 
Seduni -drum, m. a Helvetian people, near 
modern .Hon. 

seges -Stis, f. (perhaps from root SEO, Or. 
TEK-u, that which is produced. I. the seed in a 
field, from its being sown to the crop being reaped; 
a, lit., laetaescget.es, Cic; seges farrisestmatura 
messi, Liv. ; used of tho vine, Vcrg. ; b, fig., 
advantage; ouae indo seges, Juv. ; 2, transf'., 
a thickly- packed mass or number ; seges clipeata 
vlroruin, Ov.; telorum, Verg. II. Meton., asown 
field; 1, a, lit., Cic; b, tig., field, soil; quid 
odissct Clodlmn Milo segetem ac materlem suae 
gloriae? Cic; 2, poet., transf., fruitful plains, 
fields ; fert caalam non culta seges, Tib.; ubi 
prima paretur atborlbus seges, Cic 

Segosta -ae, f. Roman name of the old town 
Acesta CAk^ott)), on the north coast of Sicily, near 
Mount JCryx, now Castel a mare di Golfo. Hence, 
A. SCgestani -drum, in. the inhabitants of 
Segesta. B. Segestenses -lam, m. the inha- 
bitants of Segesta. 

segestre -is, n. (o-rtyaaTpov), a covering, 
wrapper of straw matting or skins, Plin. 

segmentatus -a -urn (segmentum), orna- 
mented with a purple or gold border, bordered ; 
cunae, Juv. 

segmentum -1, n. (root SEC, whence seco). 

1. a piece cut off, cutting, shred; 1, lit., Plin. ; 

2, transf., a zone or region of the earth, Plin. 
II. Plnr., segmenta, pieces of purple or cloth of 
gold sewn on the skirt of women's dresses, gold or 
purple border, Ov. 

segn6, adv., v. segniter. 
sognipes -pCdis (segnls and pes), slow-footed, 
Juv. 

segnis -e (root SEC, sequor), slow, slothful, 
tardy, sluggish, dilatory; a, nbsol., scgniores 
castigat, Cacs. ; bellum, sluggishly prosecuted, 
Liv.; mors, a lingering death by poison, Liv. ; b, 
with ad and ncc, segnior ad respondendum, 
Cic; ncc ad citharam segnis nee ad arcuui, Ov. ; 
C, with in and tho ace, non in Venerem Begnes, 
Verg.; d, with genit., laboruin, Tac. ; e, with 
infln., solvere nodum, Hor. 

segnitas -Stis, f. (segnis), sluggishness, tardi- 
ness, dilatoriness, Cic 

segniter and segno (segnis), sluggishly, 
slothfully, slowly; a, posit., Liv.; b, conipar., 
segnius, Liv.; esp. with preceding negative, 
nihilo segnius, Sail. 



segnltia -ae, f. and segnitieS -81. J> 

(segnis), sluggishness, slothful ness, slowness, tar. 
diness; a, lit., Cic; b, transf., segnitia mans, 
calmness, Tac. 

Segodunum -i, n. the cldef town of the 
Ruteni, on th<i northern border of Gallia Narbo- 
nensis, now llodez, Cic 

Segontia (Saguntia) and Seeontia -ae. 
f. a town in Hispania Baetica, near modern 
Slguenza. 

Segontlacl -Oram, m. a people in the south 
of Britain. 

Segovax -actis, m. one of the British chiefs 
in Kent at the time of Caesar's invasion. 

segrego, 1. (grex). I. to separate from the 
flock, segregate; oves, Phaedr. II. Transf., to 
separate, sever, remove; aliquem a numcro civiuni, 
Cic. ; aliquem a se, Cic. ; virtutem a summo 
bono, Cic 

Segusiavl (SSgusiani) -drum, m. a people 
in Gallia Lugdunensis, in modern Feurs (Dep. de 
la Loire). 

segutilum -i, n. the external indication of 
a gold-mine, Plin. 

Sejanus, v. Sejus. 

SelfigatUS -a -mil, disjointed, separated; 
aninii partem ab actione corporis sejugatam, 
Cic 

sojfiges -luin, m. (sex and jugum), a chariot 
drawn by six horses abreast, Liv. 

sejunctim, adv. (sejuuetus), separately, Tib. 

sejunctlo -dnis, f. (sejungo), a separation, 
severance, Cic. 

sejungo -juuxi -junctum, 3. to separate, sever, 
disjoin. I. Lit., Alpes Italian! a Gallia sejun- 
gunt, Nep. ; se ab atiqno, Cic! II. Transf., 1, 
pen., so a libertate verborurh, to refrain from, 
Cic ; bonum quod non possit ab honestato se- 
jungi, Cic; 2, esp., to distinguish ; liberalilatcih 
ac benlgnitntcm ab ambitu atque largitionc, Cic. 

Sejus -i, m. a Roman name, the mosc celebrated 
bearer of which was Jf. Sejus, a. friend of Alliens 
and Cicero. Hence, Sejanus -a -urn, relating 
to Sejus; subst., as name, L. Aolius Sejanus, 
son of Sejus Strabo, the praefectus praetorii of 
Tiberius. 

solas, n. (/re\as), a species of fiery meteor, Sen. 

selcctio -dnis, f. (seligo), a choosing out, 
selection ; st selectio nulla sit ab lis rebus quae, 
etc., Cic. 

Seleucca (Seleucla) -ae, f. (Se\ev K <aa), 
name of several towns. I. S. Babylonia : a town 
near the. Tigris, on the canal connecting it with 
the Euphrates, built by Seleucus Nicator, now 
F.l-Madaien. II. S. Pieria : a town in Syria, not 
far from the Orontes, now ruins near Kepse. III. 
S. Trachga: a lawn in Cilkia, now Selejkieh. 

SeleUGUS -i, in. (SeAeuxos), Nicator, afamons 
general of Alexander the Great, king of Syria. 

selibra -ae, f. (for semilibra), half a pound, 
Liv. 

seligo -15gi -lee turn, 3. (se and lego), to choose, 
choose out, select. I. Gen., exempla, Cic. II. 
Esp., judices selecti, the judges appointed by the 
praetor in a criminal case, Cic 

Selinus -nuntis, f. (SeAu'oO?). I. a sea-port 
in Sicilia, now Selinonto. II. a town in Cilicia, 
afterwards tailed Trajanopolis, now Sclenti, Liv. 
Hence, adj., Selinusius -a -urn, belonging to 
Selinus. 

sella -ae, f. (for sedla, from sedeo), a sea.: 
stool, settle. I. Gen., in sella sedeie, Cic II. 
Esp., 1, a work-stool, a stool or bench on which 
handicraftsmen sit; in foro sellam ponere, Cic; 



ael 



618 



eem 



S, ihe stool of a teacher, Cic. ; 3, the curule stool, 
in full, sella curulis, on which the higher magis- 
trates at Rome sat, Cic. ; 4, a throne, Nep. ; 5, a 
sedan-chair ; gestatoria, Suet. 

sellarius -a -urn (.sella), relating to a seat or 
stool; subst, sellaria -ae, f. a room furnished 
with seats, a sitting-room, Plin. 

sellisternium -li, n. (sella and steruo), a 
religious banquet in honour of goddesses, at which 
their images were placed on seats and food put 
before them, Tac. 

sellula -ae, f. (dim. of sella), a little sedan- 
chair, Tac. 

sellularius -a -um (sellula), of or relating to 
a seat; artifex, a handicraftsman who sat at his 
work; hence, subst, sellularius -ii, m. a 
handicraftsman, Cic. 

semel, adv. numer. I. once, a single time ; 
semel atque itenun, semel iterumque, once and 
again, twice, Cic. ; semel atque iterum ac sae- 
pius, Cic. ; plus quam semel, Cic. ; non semel, 
Cic. II. Transf., A. the first time, firstly ; foil, 
by iterum, deinde, item, etc., Cic. B. once; a, 
quoniam semel ita vobis placuit, Cic. ; b, once 
(of tilings which cannot be altered); qui semel 
verecundiae fines transient, eum bene et navi- 
ter oportet esse impudentem, Cic. C. once, 
once for all; a, semel exorari soles, Cic; vitam 
semel finiient, Liv. ; b, in discourse, once for 
all, in a word, briefly ; ut fundus semel indieare- 
tur, Cic. 

Semela -ae, f. and Semele -5s, f. (2e M «'Ar,), 
daughter of Cadmus, mother of Bacchus by Ju- 
piter ; she asked Jupiter to appear to her in his 
person as a god, and was consumed by the blaze of 
his majesty; Semeles puer, Bacchus, Hor. 
Hence, Senieleius and Scmcleus -a -um, of 
Semele; Someleia proles, Bacchus, Hor. 

semen -in is, n. (root SE. whence se-ro, se-vi), 
the seed. I. A. Lit., a, of plants, semen maim 
spargere, Cic. ; b, (a) of animals, creatae semine 
Saturni, Ov. ; (/3) of the elements of water, fire, 
stone, etc, Verg., Lucr. B. Meton., the seed; 
1, the race ; Itomanum, Cic. ; rcgio semine orta, 
Liv. ; 2, descendant, child, offspring ; caelestia 
semina, Ov. ; semina Phoebi, Aesculapius, son 
of Phoebus, Ov. II. Fig., seed = cause, origin, 
author, instigator; sfiips ac semen malorum 
omnium, Cic. 

sementifer -f5ra -fgrum (sementis and fero), 
seed-bearing, fruitful, Verg. 

sementis -is, ace. -em and -im, f. (semen), 
a sowing. I, a, lit, sementes maximas facers, 
Cic. ; prow, ut seinentera feceris, ita metes, Cic. ; 
b, fig., nialnruin sementim or proscriptionis 
semeutem facere, Cic. II. Meton., sementes, 
Hhe young growing com, Ov. 

sementivus -a -um (sementi3), of or relating 
to seed or seed-time; dies, Ov. 

scmento, 1. (sementis), to bear seal, Plin. 

semestris (scmenstris) -e (sex and men- 
sis), of six months, six-monthly ; a, = six months 
old ; infans, Liv.; b, =s limited to six months; 
regnum, Liv.; semestri vatum digitos circum- 
ligat auro, the ring of the tribunes of the soldiers 
worn for six months, Juv. 

semesus -a -um (semi ami esus), half eaten, 
half-consumed; pracda, ossa, Verg. 

semiadaper tus -a -um (semi and adaperio), 
half-open, Ov. 

semiambustus -a -um (semi and amburo), 
half-burnt, Suet. 

semianimis -e and serruanimus -a -um 
(semi and aninia), half-alive, half-dead; corpora 
eemiannna, Liv. 

17 



semiapertus -a -um (semi and aperio), half' 
open; portarum fores, Liv. 

semibarbarus-a-uni,se)/ii-6arbaroiw,Suet. 

semibos -bovis, m. half-ox; vir, the Mino- 
taur, Ov. 

senricaper -pri, m. ludf-goat, Ov. 

semicinctium -Ii, n. (semi and cinctus), a 
narrow girdle or apron, Mart. 

semicirciilus -i, m. a semicircle, Col. 

semicoctus -a -um (semi and coquo), half- 
cooked, Plin. 

semicrematus -a -um (send and cremo), 
luilj'-burnt, Ov. 

semioremus (semi and cremo), half-burnt, 

semlfcrudus -a -um, half-raw, Suet. 

semicubitalis -e, half a cubit in length, 
Liv. 

semideus -a -um, half-dhnne; subst., a 
demigod, demigoddess; semideum genus, the 
Nereids, Ov. 

semidoctus -a -um (semi and doceo), half- 
taught, half-learned; haecut apud doctosetsemi- 
doctos ipse percuiTO, Cic. 

semicrmis (semermis) -e and semi- 
ermus (semermus) -a -um (semi and anna), 
half armed, half-equipped, Liv. 

semiesus = semesus (q.v.). 

SCmifactUS -a -um (semi and facio), half- 
done, half-finished, Tac. 

semifer -fera -fenim (semi and ferus), half- 
aninud, half-bestial, half-man and half-animal. 

I. Lit., pectus Tritouis, Verg. ; subst, of the 
Centaurs, Ov. II, Transf., half-wild, half- 
savage. Subst., semifer -fen, in. half a savage, 
Verg. 

semifultus -a -um (semi and fulcio)), half- 
propped, Mart. 

semigermanus -a -um, half-German, Liv. 

semfgraeeus -a -um, half-Greek, Suet 

semigravis -e, half-intoxicated, Liv. 

semigro, 1. to go away, depart, remove from ; 
a patre. Cic. 

semihlans -antis (semi and hio), ludf-open ; 
labellum, Cat. 

semihomo -hOminis, in. half a man. I. 
half a man and half an animal; Centauri, Ov. 

II. Transf., half-wild; Cacus, Verg. 

semihora -ae, f. half an hour, Cic,. 

semilacer -cera -cerum, half-torn, half- 
mangled, Cic. 

semilautus -a -um, half-washed, Cat. 

semiliber -bera -bSrum, half-free, Cic. 

semilixa -ae, in. half a sutler, used as a 
tenn of reproach, Liv. 

semimarinus -a -um, half-marine, half »» 
the sea; corpora (Scyllaruui), Lucr. 

semimas -maris, m. I. half-male, herm- 
aphrodite, Liv. II. castrated; oves, Ov. 

semimortiius -a -um, half-dead, Cat. 

semlnarlus -a -um (semen), of or relating 
to seed; subst., semlnarium -Ii, n. a planta- 
tion, nursery; fig., equites seminarium scnatus, 
Liv. ; Catilinarum, Cic. ; triumphorum, Cic. 

seminator -oris, m. (semino), a producer, 
begetter, author; qui est verus omnium semin- 
ator malorum, Cic. 

semmex -necis, half-dead, Liv. 

seminium -Ii, n. (semen), a race or breed qf 
animals, Lucr. 



seni 



514 



SGil 



Semino, 1. (semen). I. to sow, Col. II. to 
beget, produce, Plant. ; of plants, viscum, quod 
non 9un seminat arbos, Verg. 

Bemlnfidris i in", half-naked, Liv.; pedes 
propc seminudua, nearly defenceless, without 
arms, Liv. 

semipaganUs -i, m. half a rustic, Peru. 
semipedalis -?, half a foot in dimension, 
Plin. 
scmipedancus = semipedalis (q. v.). 

Bcmipcrfectus -a -inn (ecini and perficio), 

half-finished, Suet. 

semipes -pedis, m. a half-foot, riin. 

Semiplenus -a -um, half-full; naves, half- 
manned, Cic. ; stationes, Liv. 

semiputatus -a -um (semi and puto), half- 
pruned ; vitis, Verg. 

Semlramls (Samiramis, Samiramis) 

-mldis and -initios, f. (2e/ii'pajui9), v:ife ami suc- 
cessor of Ninus, Icing of Assyria. 

semirasus -a -um (semi and rado), half- 
shaven, half-shorn, Cat. 

semireductus -a -um (semi and reduce), 
half bent bock, Ov. 

semircfectus -a -um (semi and reficio), 
half-repaired, Ov. 

semirutus -a -um (seir.i and ruo), half- 
ruined, half pulled down, half-destroyed ; urbs, 
Liv. ; castclla, Tac ; plur. subst, semiruta 
oruin, n. half-demolished places, Liv. 

semis -issis, m. and sometimes indeol, 
(semis, half ami as), the "half of anything ; esp., 

I, half an as, Cic. ; 2, as a rate of interest, = 
6 per cent, per annum ; semissibus magna eopia, 
etc., there is plenty of money to be had at 6 per 
cent., Cic. ; 3, as a measure of land, half a jwger, 
Liv. 

semisepultus -a -um (semi and sepelio), 
half-buried, Ov. 

semisoranus -a -um, hay-asleep, drowsy, 
Cic. 

semisiipinus -a -um, half-inclined back- 
wards, Ov. 

semita -ae, f. a narrow path, footpath, foot- 
way. I. Lit., angustissiniac semitae, Cic. ; 
omnibus viis semitisque cssedarios ex silvis 
emittebat, Cic. II. Pig., Aesopi semita feci 
viam, J have amplified the materials in Aesop, 
Pbacdr. ; pecuniam, quae via visa est exire ab 
isto, eandem semita revertissc, Cic. 

SomitactUS -a -um (semi and tango), half- 
touched, Mart. 

semitarlus -a -um (semita), frequenting 
lanes or by-patlis, Cat. 

semitecttis -a -um (semi and tego), half- 
covered, Sen. 

scmiustiilatus = semustulatus (q.v.). 

semiustus (scmustus) -a -um (semi and 
uro), half-hurnt. ; Enceladi semnstum fulmiuc 
corpus, Verg. ; in flg., se populare incendium 
priore consnlatu semiust.um effugiuse, Liv. 

semivir -vlri, m. half-man. I. Lit, 1, half- 
man, half-animal; Chiron, the centaur, Ov. ; 
bos, the Minotaur, Ov. ; 2, a hermaphrodite, Ov. 

II. Transf., 1, castrated, gelded, Juv. ; 2, effemi- 
nate, unmanly, Verg. 

SemiviVUS -a -um, half-dead, almost dead. 
I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., voces, faint, Cic. 

semfvdcalis -e, hntf-sounding ; in grammar, 
subst., semlvocales -lum, f.' (sc. litterae), 
semivowels, Quint. 

ScmnSnes -um, m. a German people between 
the Elbe and tic V.'eichsel Tac. 



semodius -it, m. (semi and luodills), a lutif- 
modius, Mart. 

scmotus -a -um, p. adj. (from semoveo), re- 
mote, distant. I. Lit., locus a militibus scmotus, 
Caes. ; neut. plur. subst, quae terris semota 
ridet, Hor. II. Transf., a, far from, semotus a 
curis, Lucr. ; b, distinct from, different from, 
Lucr. ; c, confidential ; arcana semofae dictionis, 
Tac. 

semoveo -movi -motnm, 2. to mare away, 
smr { separate. I. Lit, qui voce praeconis a 
liberis semovebantur, Cic. II. Transf., to lay 
aside, exclude; voluptatem, Cic.; Strato ab ea 
disciplina oranino semovendus est, is not to be 
reckoned under that school, Uic. 

semper, adv. (seni (= semel) and per, as nu 
(= novi) and per), always, at all times, Cic; with 
subst., used almost as an adj., heri semper 
lenitas, the constant mildness, Ter. ; Ilasdrudal 
pacis semper auctor, Liv. 

sempiternus -a -van (semper), continual, 
perpetual, everlasting ; tempus, Cic. ; ignes 
Vestae, Cic; adv., sempiternum, for ever, 
Plant. 

Sempronins -a -um, name of a gens at Rome, 

the mast famous members of which were the brothers 
Tib. Sempronins Gracchus, and C. Sempronins 
Gracchus, tribunes of the. people, who introduced 
agrarian laws and other reforms, but were both 
killed in riots provoked by the senatorial party. 
Adj^, Sempronian ; lex, Cic Hence, Sem- 
pronianUS -a -um, relating to Sempronins ; 
senatus eonsultum, proposed by C. Sempronins 
llufus, Cic. ; clades, the defeat of the consul, C. 
Sempronins Atratiaus. 

semuncia -ae, f. (semi and uncia), half an 
vncia, fa of an as; 1, as a weight = A of a 
pound, Cic. ; 2, to express the share of an in- 
heritance ; facit heredem ex deunce et semuncia 
Caecinam, Cic. 

semunciarius -a -um (semuncia), relating 
to half an ounce; fenns, -^ per cent, monthly, 
i.e., one-hedf per cent, per annum, Liv. 

semustulatus (semiustiilatus) and 
semustilatus (semiustilatus) -a -um 
(semi and ustulo, ustilo), half-burnt, Cic. 

Sena -ae, f. a town in Umbria on the Adriatic 
S"a, where Livius Salinator defeated Hasdrubal, 
now Senigaglia. Hence, Sinensis -e, relating 
to Sena; proelium, Cic. 

scnaculum -i, n. (senatus), a senate-house, . 
hall of council, Liv. 

senariolus -i, m. (dim. of senarius), a little 
trilling senarius, Cic. 

senarius -a -um (seni), composed of six; 
senarius versus and subst. senarius -ii, m. a 
verse of six feet (generally iambic), Cic. 

senator -5ri.s, m. (senex), a member of the 
Roman senate, senator, Cic; transf., of the 
governing or deliberative bodies of oilier states ; 
of the Nervii, Caes. ; of the Rhodians, Cic; of 
the Macedonians, Liv. 

senatorius -a -um (senator), of or relating 
to a senator, senatorial ; ordo, the rank of senator, 
Cic. ; consilium, the panel of senators from which 
judges were chosen, Cic. 

Senatus -i and -us, m. I. the Roman senate, 
Cic. ; prineeps senatus, the senator whose name 
stood at the head of the censor's list, Liv. ; in 
senatum venire, to become a senator, Cic. ; senatu 
movere, to expel from the senate, Cic. ; senatum 
legerc, to call over the senate, Liv.; so senatum 
recitare, Cic. ; senatnm voearo, Liv. ; convoeare, 
Cic; senatus (senati) eonsultum, a formal reso- 
lution of the senate. Cic: u«ed also of similar 



sen 



615 



Soil 



bodies in other nations, Carthaginiensis, Liv. ; 
Aeduos omnem senatnm amisisse, Caea. II. 
Metem., a meeting, assembly of the senate ; senatnm 
habere, dimittere, Cie. ; frequens, a full house, 
Cie. ; datur alicui senatus, Mains znaudiewx 
of the senate, Cie. 

srjnatusconsuicum, v. senatus. 

Seneca -ae, m. a family name of the Annaean 
gens, the most celebrated members of which were: 
1, M. Annaeus Seneca, a rhetorician of Corduba 
in Spain; 2, L. Annaeus Seneca, son of the 
foregoing, a celebrated philosopher, author of many 
works in prose and verse (tragedies and epi- 
grams), the tutor of Nero, who compelled him to 
commit suicide. 

senccta, v. 1. senectus. 

1. senectus -a-utn (senex), old, aged. I. 
Adj., aetas, old age, Sail. II. Subst,, senccta 
-ae, f. old age. A. Lit,, Liv. ; of animals, Verg., 
Ov. B. the slough of a serpent, Plin. 

2. senectus -ntis, f. (senex), age, old age. 

1. A. Lit., vivere ad snmmain senectutem, Cie; 
of animals, Verg. ; in fig., of discourse, plena 
litteratae senectutis oratio, Cie. B. Me ton., 1, 
gloom, moroseness, Hor. ; 2, concr., a, grey hair, 
Verg. ; b, old age = the old men ; senectus 
semper agens aliquid, Cie; c, the slough of a 
serpent, Plin. II. Transf., of a thing, old age, 
age; vini, Jut. ; cariosa (tabellarum), Ov. 

seneo, 2. (senex), to be old, Cat. 

senesco, sentti, 3. (seneo). I. to grow old in 
years, become old ; tacitis senesciinus annis, Ov. 
II. to grow old in strength. A. 1, of living 
beings, to lose strength, become tceak, waste away ; 
Beuesccns eqims, Hor, ; otio tarn dintino, Liv. ; 

2, of tilings, to become old, to decay; arbor hiem- 
ali tempore cum luna siniul senescens, Cie. 
B. Tiansf., a, to wane, come to an end, flag, be 
relaxed ; luna senescens, Cie. ; hiems senescens, 
Cie. ; of abstractions, senescit laus, morbus, Cie. ; 
b, of polit. power, to wane, fade, lose power ; 

rope senesconte Graecia, Cie. ; senescit Hanni- 
alis vis, Liv. 

senex, senis, eompar., senior, neut. genius, 
genit, senioris, old, aged. I. Adj., a, of persons, 
niiles, Ov. ; sennm tied, to age, Cie. ; of animals, 
cervus, Ov. ; of things, vis est senior quam, etc., 
Cie; b, fig., ripe; senior, ut ita dicam, quam 
ilia aetas fercbat, oratio, Cie. II. Subst,, a, in. 
an old. man, a man over si.ity, while senior = n 
man between forty-five and sixty (for which Ilor. 
and Liv. sometimes use senex), Cie. ; b, f. an 
old woman, Tib. 

seni -ae -a (sex). I. six each, Cie II. six, 
Ov. 

senilis -e (senex), of ov relating loan old man, 
senile ; prudentia, Cie. ; stultitia, Cie; statua 
ineurva, Cie ; animus, Liv. ; amor, Ov. 

semliter, adv. (senilis), like an old man, 
Quint. 

senio -Sills, m. (seni), the number six upon 
dice, Mart. 

senior, eompar. of senex (q.v.). 

senium -ii, n. (senex), old age, the weakness, 
decay of old age. I. A. Lit,, omni morbo senio- 
qne carere, Cie B. Transf., decline, decay; 
lentae velut tabis, Liv. ; mundus se ipse con- 
sumptione et senio alebat sui, Cie II. Mcton., 
A. Abstr., 1, gloom, moroseness, Hor. ; 2, 
chagrin, vexation, sadness; tota tivitas confecta 
senio, Cie B. Concr., an old man; with m. 
pron., ilium senium, Ter. 

Scnones -um, m. I. a people in Gallia 
Lugdunensis, with chief town Agendicum. now 
Sens. II. a kindred people in northern Itdly. 



E 



sensibilis -e (sentio), that can be pei'ceivsil 
by the senses, Suet. 

sensiculus -i, m. (dim. of sensus), a littlt 
sentence, Quint. 

sensifer -ISra -ferum (sensus and fero), pro- 
ducing sensation, Lucr. 

sensilis -e (sentio), endowed with sensation, 
Lucr. 

sensim, adv. (root SENS, whence sentio, 
sensi, sensus), scarcely observably, gradually, by 
degrees, slowly; sensiin sine sensu, Cie; amicitias 
sensim dissuere, Cie 

sensus -us, m. (sentio). I. perception, observa* 
Hon ; utere igitur argumento tute ipse sensus tui, 
Cie II. thepower of perceiving. A. Physically, 

a, feeling, consciousness ; sensus moriendi, Cie ; 
voluptat'is sensum capere, Cie; b, a sense; 
sensus videndi, audiendi, Cie ; c, feeling, con- 
sciousness, in plur., senses; a mero redeunt in 
pectora sensus, Ov. B. Morally, a, emotion, 
sense, feeling; amoris, amandi, diligendi, Cie; 

b, a manner of thinking, the sense, signification 
of a word, sentence, discourse, meaning ; verbi, 
Ov. ; testamenti, Hor. 

sententia -ae, f. (sentio). I. an opinion, 
thought, sentiment, meaning, purpose (opp. to 
expression). A. Gen., abnudans sententiis, rich 
in ideas, Cie ; sententiam f route tegere, Cie ; 
in sententia manero, Cie ; ex sententia, to one's 
mind, Cie ; nica sententia, in my opinion, Cie. 
B. Esp., a, on cxpresseii opinion, vote of senators ; 
sententiam dicere, ferre, Cie ; dare, Liv. ; in 
sententiam alicuius discedcre, to support a pro; 
position, Liv. ; so (pedibus) ire in sententiam, 
Liv.; of judges, decision, judgment ; sententiam 
dicere, Cie ; sententiam ferre, Cie ; b, as for- 
mula for an oath, ex animi mci sententia jurare, 
to the best of my knowledge and belief, Cie IL 
Transf., A. Abstr., a, the meaning, significa- 
tion of a word or sentence ; id habet banc senten- 
tiam, Cie ; b, the purport of a speech ; contionis, 
Cie B. Concr., a, a thought exjyressed in words, ■ 
a sentence; b, esp., a maxim, aphorism; acuta, 
Cie 

scntentiola -ae, f. (dim. of sententia), a 
short sentence, maxUa-Mphorisin-, Cie 

sententiose, adv. (sententiosus), senten- 
Uously; dicere, Cie 

sententiosus -a -um (sententia), pithy, sen- 
tentious, Cie 

senticetum -i, n. (sentis), a thorn-bufr, 
Plant. 

scntina -ae, f. bilge-water in the hold of a 
ship. I. Lit., scntinae vitiis conflictari, Caes. 
II. Fig., 1, gen., sedebamus inpuppi et clavum 
tenebamus; nunc autemvix est in scntina locus, 
ire can scarcely find room in the lowest part of the 
ship, i.e., we are of next to no importance, Cie; 
2, esp., the lowest of the people, rabble, dregs of 
the £>opidarJon.;reipublicac, Cie; urbis, Cie. 

Sentinum -i, n. a town in Umbria. Hence, 
adj., Sentinas -atis, belonging to Sentinum. 

sentio, sensi, sensum, 4. to feel, perceive, 
have a sensation of. I. With the outward sense, 
A. Gen., snavitatem cibi, Cie ; dolorem, Lucr.; 
colorem, to see, Lucr.; pass., posse prins ad 
angustias veniri quam sentirentur, Caes. ; with 
nom. of partie, sensit medios delapsus inhostes, 
Verg. B. to feel, experience, learn ; (a) of persons, 
quod ipse sensisset ad Avaricum, Caes. ; (/3) i of 
things, ora senserat vastationein, Liv. II. 
Mentally, to feel. A. Lit, to perceive, remark, 
observe, notice; plus sentiro, have more insight, 
Caes. ; quod quidem senseriin, as far as I have ob- 
served, Cie ; with ace and infin., scntit animus se 
moveri, Cie ; with rel. sent., quod Bentio, quam 
sit exignum, Cie ; nqe aliter s»,ntire, foil, by 



sen 



516 



sep 



quin and the subj., to be convinced that, Caes. ; 
ex noctumo fremiti! de profectione eorum sen- 
Berunt, observed their departure, Caes.; inipers., 
non ut dictum est in eo genere intelligitur, sed 
ut seiisiun est, Cic. B. Transf., to judge, think ; 
a, idem, Cic. ; recte, Cic. ; hnmiliter, Cic. ; cum 
aliquo, Cic. ; with double ace, to consider or 
think a person something ; aliquem botmui civem, 
Cic; partic. subst., sensa -orum, n. thoughts; 
mentis, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., to give one's opinion, 
to rote; sentire lcnissime, Cic. 

sontis -is, c. a thorn-bush, briar; usually 
plur., rubi sentesque, Caes. 

sentisco, 3. (inchoat. of scntio), to perceive, 
observe, Lucr. 

sentus -a -uni (sentis), thorny, rough; loca, 
Verg. 

senus -a -nm, sing, of seni (q.v.). 

seorsum (seorsiis) an I sevorsus(from se 
and vorto or verto), especially, particularly ; om- 
nibus gratiam habeo et seorsum tibi, Ter. ; foil, 
by ab, apart from, seyiarutcly from ; seorsum ab 
rege exercitum ductare, Sail. ; abs te seorsum 
seutio, lam of a different opinion, Plant.; with 
abl. alone, seorsus corpore, without a body, Lucr. 

separate, adv. only in compar. (separatus), 
opart, particularly, Cic. 

separatim, adv. (separatus), ajxirt, separ- 
ately, distinctly, differently; separatim s'emel, 
iterum cum universis, Cic. ; nihil accidet ei 
separatim a reliquis civibus, Cic. ; castra separ- 
atim habebant, Liv.; with ab and the abl., dii 
separatim ab universis singulos diligunt, Cic. 

separatio -6nis, f. (separo), separation, 
severance. J, Lit., distribute partium ac separ- 
atio, Cic. II. Transf., sui facti ab ilia defin- 
itione, Cic. 

separatus -a -um, p. adj. (from separo), 
separated, severed, sundered, separate, ajtart, 
distinct; volumen, Cic; exordium, Cic; separ- 
ates temporibus, at different times, Xep. 

separo, 1. to disjoin, sever, separate. I. Lit., 
(o) aliquem or aliquid ab, etc.. Cic. ; (ft) aliquid 
aliqua re ; Seston Abydena separat urbe fretum, 
Ov; (y) aliquid ex aliqua re or in aliquid, equitum 
jnagno nnmero ex omni pop'uli suninia separate), 
Cic. ; (A) with ace alone, nee nos mare separat 
jngens, Ov. II. Fig., to separate, treat separ- 
ately; (a) with ab and the abl., a perpetuis 
suis historiis bella ea, Cic ; (/?) with ace. alone, 
ntilitatem, Cic. 

sepclibilis -e (sepelio), tlu.it can be buried; 
fig., that can be concealed, Plant. 

sepelio -p81ivl and -p51Ii -pultnm, 4. (root 
SEP, connected with sop-or, sop-io), tolay to rest 
the remains of the dead, to bury. I. Lit., a, to 
bury ; ossa, Ov. ; b, to burn, Liv. II. Fig., 1, 
to bury, put an end to, ruin, destroy; patriam, 
Cic; tlolorem, Cic; 2, poet, partic, sepuK is, 
buried, sunk, immersed in anything; Bomno 
vinoqtie sepultus, Verg. ; inertia sepulta, Ilor. 

sepes — saepes (q.v.). 

sepia -ae, f. (o-nma), the cuttle-fish, Cic. 

seplmentum = saeplmentum (q.v.). 

eeplo = saepio (q.v.). 

sepidla -ae, f. (dim. of sepia), a small cuttle- 
fish, Plaut. 

Seplasia -ae, f. a street in Capua, where un- 
guents were sold. 

sepono -p5siii -pSsItum, 3. to put, lay on one 
side, plate ajmrt. I. Gen., A. Lit., aliquid ad 
fanum, Cic; captivam pecunlam In aediflca- 
tlonem tempi!, Liv. ; ptimltia3 magno Jovi, Ov. 
8. Transf., to keep bock, reserve ; ut alius aliain 
»ibl partem, in qua elaboraret, scponeret, Cic 



II. Esp., A. to separate. ; 1, lit., de rfii'lle SagittlS 
unam, to select, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, to separate, 
divide ; a ceteris dictionibus ram partem dicendi, 
Cic. ; b , to distinguish. ; inurbanum lepido dicto, 
Hor. B. to ja.51 far off; 1, lit., a, inteics.se 
pujjnne imperatorerp an seponi melius foret 
dubitavere, Tac. ; b, io remove out of the way, 
banish; aliquem in insulam, Tac; 2, transf., 
graves curas, to banish, Ov. 

sepositus -a -um, p. adj. (from sepono). I. 
distant, remote; fons, Prop. II. choice, select; 
vestis, Tib. 

1. seps, sepis, c (aiH f )- I. a species of venom- 
ous lizard, Plin. II. an insect, perhaps the icvod- 
louse, Plin. 

2. seps = saepes (q.v.). 
sepse = se ipse. 
septa, v. saeptum. 

septcm, numer. (e-ma), seven. I. Gen., Cic. 
II. Esp., A. septem (oi enra), the Seven Wise 
Men of Greece, Cic B. Septem Aquae, the meet- 
ing of streams near Jieate, now Lake Sta. Susan 11a. 

September -bria -bre, abl. -bri (septcm and 
suffix -ber), belonging to September; a, inensis 
September, the seventh mouth of the Roman 
year (reckoning from March), September ; b, 
kalendae, nonae, tdus (the 1st, bth, 13th of Sept- 
ember); home, the unhealthy time of September, 
Hor. 

septemdecim, numer. seventeen, Cic. 

septemfluus -a -um (tluo), having a seven- 
fold flood, with seven mouths ; Nilus, Ov. 

septemgemlnus -a -uin, sevenfold, with 
seven mouths ; Nilus, Verg. 

septempodalis -c, seven feet high, Plaut. 

Beptemplex-pllcis (septem and plieo), scren- 
fold ; clipens, with seven layers of hides, Verg.; 
Nilus, irith seven mouths, Verg. ; so Ister, Ov. 

septemtrio (septemptrio, septcn- 
trio) -onls, m., gen. plur., septemtriones, the 
seven plough-oxen. I. As a constellation, tin 
Great Bear, the Wain ; septemtrio minor, the Little 
Dear, Cic II. Meton., a, the. north; (a) sing., 
septemtrio a Macedonia obicitur, Liv.; in tmesis, 
septem subjecta trioni, Verg. ; (ft) plur., in- 
flectens sol eursum turn ad meridiem, turn ad 
septemtriones, Cic ; b, the north wind, Cic 

septemtrionalis -e (septemtrio), northern ; 
subst., septemtrionalia -ium, m. the north- 
ern region. , Tac. 

septemvir -viri, in., plur., septemvirl 
-orum and -um, m. the seven men, a college or 
guild of seven persons. I. Of the Epulones, v. 
epulo. II. to divide public land among colonists, 
Cic. 

septemviralis -e, of or relating to the sept- 
emviri ; auctoritas, Cic; subst., septemvir- 
ales -ium, m. = septemviri (q.v.). > 

septemviratus -us, m. the office or dignity 
of a septemvir, Cic. 

scptcnarius -a -um (septeni), containing 
the number seven ; numerus, Plin.; plur. subst., 
septonarii, m. (sc. versus), verses containing 
seven feet, Cic. 

septendceim = septemdecim (q.v.). 

septeni -ae -a (septem). I. seven each : due 
fana septenoR habere libros, Liv. ; genit. plur.. 
septenum, e.g., pueri annorum senuin sei>te- 
ndmque denum, Liv. II. seven; septena tils 
lyrae, Ov. ; sing., Lucr. 

soptcntrio = septemtrio (q.v.). 

septcntrionalis = septemtrionalia (q.v.). 

septicUS -a -um (enjTmjcds), causing putrt 
faction, Plin. 



sep 



517 



Ser 



septies (septiens), adv. (septem), seven 
times; septiens milliens sestertium or simply 
septiens milliens, 70U millions of sesterces, Cic. 

septimanus (septumanus) *a -ura, re- 
laling to the number seven. I. Adj., nonne, 
falling on the seventh day of the month, Van - . II. 
Subst., septimani -orum, m. soldiers of the 
seventh legion, Tae. 

Septimontialis -e, of or relating to the 
festival SeptimoiUium, Suet. 

Septimontium -li, n. (septem and mons). 

I. the circuit of seven small hills round the Pala- 
tine, which became the germ of the city of Rome. 

II. a festival at Hume in December to celebrate the 
ualling-in of these small hills and the formation of 
a city. 

Septimus (septiimus) -a -um (septem), 
the seventh ; adr., septimum, for the seventh 
time, Cic.' 

se ptingenarius -a -uin (septingeni), con- 
taining seven hundred, Varr. 

septingeni -ae -a (septingeuti), seven hun- 
dred each, Plin. 

septingentesimus -a -um (septingeuti), 
tlie seven hundredth, Liy. 

septingenti -ae -a (septem and centum), 
seven, hundred, Liv. 

septingenties, adv. (septingeuti), seven 
hundred times, Plin. 

Scptizonium -li, n. (septem and zona), o 
lofty building in Rome, Suet. 

septiiageni -ae -a (septuaginta), seventy 
cadi, Plin. 

scptiiagesimus -a -um (septuaginta), the 
seventieth, Cic. 

septuagies.adv. (septuaginta), seventy times, 
Col. 

septuaginta, numer. (e/Wo/uiJKon-a), seventy, 
Cic 

septuennis -e (septem and annus), of seven 
years, seven years old ; puer, Plaut. 

septum = saeptum (q.v.) 

scptunx -uncis, in. (septem and uncia), 
seven.-twelftlis of the as, or of any unity with 
twelve parts; jugeri, Liv.; auri, seven ounces, 
Liv. 

sepulch .' . . v. scpulc . . . 

sepulcralis(sepulchralis)-e (sepulcrum, 
sepulrhrum), of or belonging to a tomb, sepul- 
chral ; araa, Ov. ; fax, funeral torch, Ov. 

sepulcretum -i, n. a burial-place, cemetery, 
Cat. "■ .; 

sepulcrum (sepulchrum) -i, n. (from 
se.pe.lio, as fulcrum from fuleio), the resting-place. 
I. A. Lit., a place of burial; 1, a, ft grave, sep- 
ulchre ; monumenta sepulcrorum, Cic. ; b. the 
mound over a grave ; onerare membra sepulcro, 
Verg. ; 2, the place where a corpse is burnt ; ara 
sepulcri, Verg. B. Transf., sepulcrum vetus, 
of an old man, Plaut, II. Meton. A. the tomb, 
including grave, monument, and inscription ; 
sepulcrum facere, Cic. ; legere sepulcra, to read 
tlvc epitaph on a grave-stone, Cic. E. the dead 
person ; placatis sepulcris, Ov. 

sepultura -ae, f. (sepelio), the laying the 
body of a dead person to rest; a, ft burying, 
burial, interment, sepulture ;-sepu\tara, aliquem 
allicere, to bury, Cic. ; b, the burning of the body 
of the dead, Tac. 

Sequana -ae, m. a river of Gaul, forming, 
with the Matrona, the bountlary between the Celts 
and the Bdgae, now the Seine. 

Sequani -orum, m. a Gallic people in modern 
Burgundy and i"mnc]\e-Comti, 



scquax -iieis (sequor). I. following easily 
or quickly; equus, Ov. ; undae, following each 
other rapidly, Verg. ; hederae, quicldy spreading 
itself, Pers. ; funius, penetrating, Verg. ; Latio 
(= Latiuis) dant terga sequaci. punning, Verg. 
II. Transf., easily worked, pliable, ductile; ma- 
teria sequacior, Plin. 

sequester -tra -tram and sequester -tris 
-tro(lVonw;.secus,asiiiagisterfrommagis),?)i€diaJ- 
ing. I. Adj., pace sequestra, by the medium of 
peace, Verg. II. Subst., A. sequester -fed or 
-tris, in. a, a go-between or ugent (in cases of 
bribery); quo sequestre in illo judice comim- 
peudo dicebntur esse usus, Cic. ; b, a stake- 
holder, depositary, a person in whose hands the 
matter in dispute is deposited till the dispute is 
settled, Plaut. B. sequestrum -i, n. and 
sequestre ■'.: n. the dejiosit of the matter in 
dispute in the hands of a third person ; sequestro 
deponere, by way of deposit, Pliiut. 

sequiUS = se.cius, compar. of secus (q.v.). 

sequor, stSeutus (sequutus) sum, sequi, 3. 
dop. (root SEC, connected with 'Ell-ofiai), to 
follow, accompany. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of 
persons, qui ex tube amicitiae causa Caesarem 
secuti, Caes. ; vestigia alicuius, Ov. ; b, of things, 
zonabenetesecuta.IIor.; 2,esp., a,to folloxuwith 
hostile intent, pursue; hnstes, Caes.; feras, Ov. ; b, 
to follow a person to a place ; Fonnias, Cic. ; secutao 
sunt oares vicinitatem oris, have sought for, Cic. 

B. Transf., a, of time or order, to follow, ensue; 
sequitur hunc annum nobilis clade Caudina pax, 
Liv. ; sequent! anno, Liv. ; sequent! die, Liv. ; 
et quae sequentia, and so on, Cic. ; b, to fall to 
any one as an inheritance or possess ion, to fall to 
the share of; urbes captae Aetolus sequerentur, 
Liv.; heredes inotiumentum ne scqucretur, Hor.; 

C, to follow, i.e., to yield, to give way; ipse 
(ramus) lUcilis sequetur, Verg. II. Fig., A. 
Gen., to follow, follow after ; gloria virtutem tam- 
quam umbra sequitur, Cic. ; edictuin, the words 
of the edict, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to follow a person's 
authority, example, opinion, to tread in the steps 
of, to agree to ; leges, Cic. ; amicum, Cic. ; liberi 
sequuntur patrem, follow the rank of their 
father, Liv.; 2, to strive after, aim at, seek to 
gain; amicitiain fidemque populi Romani, Cic; 
3, to follow in discourse, ensue; sequitur ilia 
divisio, Cic. ; sequitur ut doceam, Cic. ; 4, to 
follow as a consequence, be the consequence of, be 
caused iiy; moneo ne summa turpitudo sequatur, 
Cic. ; poena quae illud scclus sequeretur, Cic. ; 
esp., to follow logically, be the logiad consequence 
of, gen. with ut and the subj. ; si hoc enuntiatum 
vcrum non est, sequitur, ut falsum sit, Cic. ; 5, 
to follow easily, come of itself; nou queasitutn 
esse numerum, sed secutum, Caes. 

sera -ae, f. (root SER, whence 2. sero, 
series), a moveable bar or bolt for fastening doors ; 
centum postibus addere seras, Ov. 

Serapis (Sarapis) -pis and -pidis, m.. 
(Sepan-ts, Sapa7rts), a deity of the Egyptians, in 
later times worshipped at Greece and at Rome. 

screnitas -atis, f. (sercnus), clearness, seren- 
ity, esp., clear, bright, fair weather. I. Lit., 
caeli, Cic. II. Fig., fortunae, Liv. 

sereno, 1. (serenus). I. to make clear, serene, 
bright; caelum, Verg. II. Fig., spem fronte, 
Verg. _ 

serenus -a -um, clear, bright, fair, serene. 

I. A. Lit., caelum, 1 Cic; nox, Verg.; pelagus, 
Verg. ; subst., serenum -i, n. fair weather, 
Plin. ; aperta serena, Verg. B. Transf., 1, 
clear; aqua, Mart.; vox, Pers.; 2, act., making 
bright, bringing fair weather ; Favonitis, Plaut. 

II. Fig., cheerful, tranquil, serene; frons, Cic. 

Sfres -uin, m. (S^pes), a people in eastern 



ser 



518 



ser 



Asia, fatuous jor their silken stufs, the Chinese ; 
hence, adj., Serious -a -uin, Chinese; pulvillus, 
silken, Hor. Snbst., Serica -orum, n. silken 
garments, Prop. 

1. seresco, 3. (serenus), to become dry, Lucr. 
■ 2. seresco, 3. (serum), to turn to when, 
Plin. 

Sergius -a -nin, name of a Roman gens, the 
viost celebrated member of which W'.ts L. Sergius 
Catilina, the head of a conspiracy suppressed in 
the consulship of Cicero. 

1. seria -ae, f. rt large earthen jar for holding 
wine and oil, Liv. 

2. seria, v. 1, serius. 

serlcatus -a -urn (Seres), clothed in silken 
garments, Suet. 
Serious, v. Seres. 

series, ace. -em, abl. -e, genit. and dat. not 
found, f. (root SER, whence 2. sero), a row, 
succession, chain, series. I. Gen., A. Lit., juven- 
um, dancing hand in hand, Tib. B. -l'ig. , a 
succession, series ; rerum, Cic; innumerabilis an- 
norum, Hor. II. Esp., a line of descent, lineage ; 
digne vir hac serie, Ov. 

Berit\ v. l. serius. 

Seriola -ae, f. (dim. of seria), a small jar, 
Pers. 

Seriphus (-os) -i, f. (2e'pt0o?), an island in 
the Aegean Sea, now Serfo or Serfanto. Adj., 
Scriphius -a -um, Seriphian; subst., Seri- 
phius -ii, m. a Seriphian. 

serls -idis, f. (o-f'pis), a species of endive, Plin. 

1. serius -a -um, serious, earnest (used gen. 
only of things, not of persons) ; res, Cic. ; with 
2. supine, verba seria dictu, Hor. Subst., 
serium -li, n. earnestness, seriousness, Plant. ; 
hence, abl. serio, in earnest, earnestly, serwnisly ; 
serio audire, Liv.; plur., seria, serious tilings; 
seria ac joeos eclebrare, Liv. ; quam joca, seiia, 
ut dicitur (sc. agimus or aguutur), Cic. 

2. serius, adv., v. sero under serus. 
sermo -onis, m. (2. sero), talk, conversatio >, 

discourse. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, sennonem con- 
ferre cum aliquo, Cic; esse in sermone omnium, 
the subject of every one's conversation, Cic; jucun- 
dus mihi est sermo litterarum tuaruin, Cic. ; 2, 
meton., the subject of conversation ; Cataplns ille 
Puteolanus, sermo illius teinporis, Cic. B. 
Esp.,1, learned conversation, discussion, dialogue; 
sermonein cum aliquo habere de amicitia, Cic. ; 
2, in writing or speaking, a familiar, conversa- 
tional style; sennonis plenus orator, Cic; scriuere 
senuoni propiora, Hor.; hence, meton., a, in 
Horace, his Letters and Satires ns opposed to his 
more ambitious poems; b, spoken words, utter- 
ance; multi et illustres ct ex supcriore et ex 
aequo loco sermonefi liabiti, utterances on the 
bench an/l in ordinary conversation, Cic; 3, the 
talk of the multitude about something, common 
talk, report, rumour; vulgi, hominuin, Cic II. 
Transf., 1, manner of speaking, language, style, 
expression, diction ; sermo rusticus, urbauus, 
Liv.; plebeius, Cic; sermonis error, Cic; 2, 
language, dialect; scrmone debemus uti, qui 
natus est nobis, our motlier-tongue, Cic. ; quae 
philosophi Graecn sermone tractavissent, in the 
Greek language, Cic. 

sermocinatio -onis, f. (sermocinor), a dis- 
cussion, disputation, dialogue, Quint. 

sermooinatrix -icis, f. (sermocinor), the 
art of conversation, Quint. 

sermocinor, 1. dep. (sermo), to converse, 
talk, dic-.uss with any one. I. Gen., sennocinari 
cum isto diiigenter, Cic. II. Esp., to hold >> 
learned discourse or disrvsdon. Suet. 



sermuuculus -i, m. (dim. of sermo), a re- 
port, rumour, tittle-tattle; urbani inalevolorum 
sermnnculi, Cic. 

1. sero, sevi, satum, 3. (root SE-o, whence 
semen). I. to sow, set, plant. A. 1, lit., oleam 
ct vitein, Cic; frumenta, Caes. ; partic subst., 
sata -orum, n. the soivn fiehls, standing corn, 
Verg., Liv.; 2, transf., to beget, engender, bring 
forth; genus humanum, Cic; partic, satus 
-a -um, sprung fi-om, bom of; sato sanguine 
divum, Verg. ; matre satus terra, Ov. ; Anchisa 
satus, son of Anchiscs, Verg..; satus Noreide, soil 
of Thetis, Ov. ; satae Pelia, daughters of Pelias, 
Ov. B. Fig., to plant, sow, spread abroad, dis- 
seminate, cause, occasion; cum patriVus certa- 
mina, Liv. ; discordias, Liv. ; eriniina, Liv. ; 
meutionem, to make mention of, Liv. ; mores, 
Cic; diuturnain rempublicam, Cic II. to plant, 
sow, sow over; agrum, Ov. ; jugera sunt sata, 
Cic. 

2. sero (serin), sertum, 3. (root SER, Gr. 
El'-io, eipw), to join together, weave together, en- 
twine. I. Lit., only in the partic. pert'., sertus 
-a -um ; loricae, linked. Ncp. II. Fig., to join 
together, connect, combine; ex aeternitatc causa 
causam serens, Cic. ; f'ati lege immobilis rerum 
humanarum ordo seritur, Liv.; fabulam'argu- 
mento, Liv. ; colloquia cum hoste, Liv. ; inulta 
inter sese vario scrmone serebaut, Verg. 

3. sero, v. serus. 

serotinus -a -um (3. sero), late; hiems, Plin. 

serpens -entis, c (serpo), an animal that 
crawls. I. a snake, serpent. A. Lit., Cic. B. 
a constellation in the northern hemisphere (also 
called Draco and Anguis), Ov. II. a creeping 
insect on the human body, louse, Plin. 

serpentigena -ae, c. (serpens and gigno), 
offspring of a serpent, Ov. 

serpentipes -pedis (serpens and pes), snake- 
footed, Ov. 

serperastra -orum, u. (sirpo, to bind), 
bandages or knee-splints for straightening the 
crooked leg* of children, Varr. ; in jest, of oilicers 
who keep their soldiers in order, Cic. 

serpillum = serpyllum (q.v.). 

serpo, serpsi, serptuih. 3. (fpn-w), to creep, 
crawl. I. A. Lit., of animals, qnaedam bestiae 
serpentes, quaedam gradientes, Cic; serpere per 
bumnm, Ov. B. Transf., of any slow and imper- 
ceptible motion, vitis serpens multiplici lapsuet 
erratico, Cic; flamnia percoutiuua serpens, Liv.; 
et (Ister) tectis in mare serpit aquis, Ov. II. 
Tig., A. Gen., of prosaic poetry, serpit kumi 
tutus, Hor. B. Esp., to spread abroad, Increase, 
extend imperceptibly; serpit hoc malum longius 
quam putatis, Cic. ; si panllatim ha-c eonsue- 
tudo serpere ac prodire coeperit, Cic. ; serpit 
hie rumor, foil, by ace and infin., Cic 

serpyllum (serpillum) and serpullum 
-i, n. (epiruAAoi'), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum, 
Linn.), Verg. 

serra -ae, f. (sec-ra, from seco = that which 
cuts), a saw. I. Gen., Cic II. Transf., a kind 
of saw-jish, Plin. 

serracum (sarracum) -i, n. I. a kind 
of waggon used On the Roman peasants to carry 
their goods and families in, Juv. II. Transf., a 
constellation, the Wain, Juv. 

serratula -ae, f. betony, Plin. 

serratUS -a -um (serra), toothed like a saw, 
serrated; dentes, Plin. Subst., serrati -orum, 
m. (sc. munmi), silver denarii notched on the edge, 
Tac 

scrrula -ae, f. (dim. of serra), a little saw. 
Cic. 

scrta, v. scrturp,. 



Ser 



519 



ses 



Sertdrlus -ii, in., Q., a celebrated Roman 
general of the Marian faction, who, on Sulla 
gaining the upper hand in Home, Jled to Spain, 
and resisted there bravely and successfully till he 
was treacherously killed by Perperna. Adj., 
Sertoiianus -a -inn, Sertorian. 

scrtum -i, n., gen. plur., sorta -orum, n., 
ami serta -ae, f. (scro), a garland vf flowers ; 
sertia redimiri, Cic. ; serta Caiupanica, aud 
simply serta, a plant — melilotos, Cato. 

1. scrum -i, n. i. the watery part of curdled 
milk, whey, Verg. II. the watery part or sej-u.ni 
of other things, Plin. 

2. serum, v. serus. 

serus -a -uni. I. late. A. Gen., gratulatio, 
Cic. ; hora serior, Ov. ; si hiems magis sera (= 
serior), Liv. ; subst. .serum -i, n., rem in serum 
traliere, to retard, Liv. ; serum diei, late in the 
day, evening, Liv. ; abl., sero, adv. = late, Cic. ; 
esp., late— in the evening, Cic.; coinpar., serius, 
later; biduo serius, Cic; spe omnium serius 
(id bellum fuit), Liv. ; serius ocius, sooner or 
later, Hor. B. Esp., 1, late in being fulfilled ; 
Bpes, Liv. ; porteuta, Cic. ; 2, doing something 
late; serus abi, go late away, Ov. ; with genit, 
o seri stud jorum ! late learned (oi|/ifia0ei9), Hor.; 
3, aged, old ; platauus, Ov. ; ulmus, Yerg. ; 4, 
lasting a long time; bellum, Ov. II. too late ; 
kalendae, Cic.; bellum, Sail.; sera assurgis, 
Verg. ; abl., sero, adv. = too late, Cic.; prov., 
sero sapiunt (sc. Phryges, i.e., Trojani), Cic. ; 
coinpar., serius, somcwliat too late; venire, Cic. 

serva, v. servus. 

servabilis -e (servo), that van be saved, Ov. 

scrvans -antis, p. adj. only in su perl. (servo), 
observing ; servantissimus aequi, Verg. 

servator -oris, m. (servo), re preserver, 
saviour ; reipublicae, Cic; salutis, Ov. 
' scrvatrix -icis, f. (servator), she that pre- 
serves, a preserver, saviour, Cic. 

servilis -e (servus), of or relating to a slave, 
slavish, servile; vestis, Cic; tumultus, a servile 
insurrection, Cic. ; terror, dread of an insurrec- 
tion of slaves, Liv. 

serviliter, adv. (servilis), slavishly, servilely; 
ne quid serviliter muliebriterve faciamus, Cic. 

Servilius -a -uni, name of a Roman gens, the 
most celebrated members of which were : 1, C. 
Servilius Ahala, who as magistcr equitum killed 
ilaelius ; 2, P. Servilius Rullus, composer of the 
lex Servilia concerning the selling of the Italian 
public lands, against which Cicero delivered his 
agrarian speeches; 3, Servilia, mother of Brutus, 
mistress of Caesar. Adj., Servilian ; lex, Cic. ; lacus, 
a piece of artificial water near the Capitol, where 
the heads of the proscribed were put up, Cic. 

servio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (servus), to serve, 
be a servant or slam. I. A. Lit., alicui, Ter. ; 
apud aliquem, Cic. ; with cognate ace, servit- 
utem, Cic. B. Transf., of things, a, of land, 
buildings, etc., to be subject to certain rights 
of other persons than the oivner, to be subject to 
an easement, Caes. ; (aedes) serviebaut, Cic. ; b, to 
serve, be useful, serviceable for ; cliartis serviunt 
calami, Plin. II. Fig., 1, to subserve, assist, 
comply with, accommodate, gratify ; alicui, Cic. ; 
amori aliorum, Cic; iracundiae, Cic; 2\ a, to 
cure for, have regard to, devote one's attention to; 
brevitati, Cic. ; b, to adapt oneself to, to allow 
oneself to be governed by; incertis rumoribus, 
Caes. ; tempori, Cic. 

servitium -ii, n. (servus). X. slavery, servid% 
servitude, subjection ; dueere aliquem in ser- 
vitium, Liv. , civitatem a servitio abstrahere, 
Cic. ; aniiui imperio, corporis servitio magis 
Uijmur, the mind is the. waster, the body the slave, 



Sail. II. Meton., slaves, servants, a household of 
slaves; used both sing, and plur., servitia sileant, 
Cic. ; servitia concitare, Cic. ; servitium in 
scaeuam immissuiu, Cic. 

servitricius -a -urn (servus), belonging to a 
slave, Plant. 

servltudo -Inis, f. (servus), slavery, servi- 
tude, Liv. 

servitus -utis, f. (servus), the condition of a 
slave, slavery, servitude. I. A. Lit., both of indivi- 
duals and states, diutina, Cic. ; perpetua, Caes. ; 
aliquem in servitutem abducere, Cic. ; addicere 
aliquem in servitutem, Cic, perpetuae servituti, 
Caes. ; anteponere mortem servituti, Cic. ; esse 
in servitute, to be a slave, Cic. B. Transf., 1, 
subjection, obedience ; of the wife towards the hus- 
band, muliebris, Liv. ; officii, Cic. ; 2, of houses, 
lands, etc., liability to certain burdens, easements, 
e.g., a right of way, fundo servitutem imponere, 
Cic. II. Meton., slaves; servitus crescit nova 
(of the lovers of a maiden), Hor. 

Servius -Ii, n. (servus, son of a slave), a 
Roman praenomen occurring in the name of the 
king Servius Tirflius ami in the Sulpician gens, 
v. Sulpicius. 

servo, 1. (rootSERV, connected with 'EPY-u, 
epuojiai). I. to keep, preserve, save, rescue, deliver. 
A. Gen., 1, of concrete objects, populum, Cic; 
aliquem ex judicio, Cic. ; with double ace, se 
integros eastosque, Cic ; 2, of abstract objects, to 
observe, pay Iveed to, keep ; ordinem, Liv.; ordiues, 
Caes. ; eonceiitum, Cic; amicitiain, Cic. ; legem, 
Cic. ; pacem cum aliquo, Cic; fidem juris jnr- 
andi cum hoste, Cic; foil, by ut or ne and the 
subj., quuin ita priores decemviri servassent, ut 
HtlUS fasces haberet, Liv. B. Esp., to keep for 
the future, to lay up, keep, preserve, reserve; 
Caecuba centum elavibus, Hor. ; se ad tempora, 
Cic; se ad majors, Liv.; eomeservavi,Cic; with 
dat., res judicio voluntatique alicuius, Cic. II. 
Transf. , A. to give regard to, pay attention to, watch; 
1, gen., me omnibus servatinodisne, etc., Plaut. ; 
sidera, to observe, Verg. ; ortum Caniculae, Cic. ; 
servaro de caelo, to observe lightning (the duty of 
the augurs), Cic; to keep watch; cetera servabaut 
atqiie in statione manebant, Ov. ; 2, esp., a, 
to take care, lake precautions; servarent ne qui 
nocturni coetus fierent, Liv. ; serva, take care. 
Hor.; b, to watch, keep, detain, preserve; (a) 
aliquem libera custodij, Cic. ; limen, stay at 
home, Verg. ; (j3) to dwell, remain in a place, in- 
habit ; silvas et flumina, Verg. B. to keep, pre- 
serve ; quum populus suum servaret, Cic 

servilius (servolus) -i, m. (dim. of servus), 
a young slave, Cic. 

servus -i, m. and serva -ae, f. a slave, ser- 
vant; servi publici, slaves of the state, Cic; 
Transf., servi cupiditatum, Cic* ; legum, Cic. 
Hence, adj., servus -a -uni, servile, slavish; a, 
gen., aqua, di~unk by slaves; Cic. ; civitas, Liv. ; 
imitatorum servuin pecus, Hon; b, legal 1. 1., 
of lands or buildings, subject to right of other 
persons than the owner, subject to a servitude or 
easement; praedia serva, Cic. 

sesaminus -a -tun (crnffd/xifo?), made of 
sesame, Plin. 

sesamoides -is, n. (cnjoro/iou&es), a plant 
like sesame, Plin. 

sesamum (-on) -i, n., sisarnuni -i, n. 
and sesama -ae, f. (mjaafioi), an oily plant, 
sesame, Plaut. 

sescennaris -e (scsqui and annus), a year 
and a half old; bos, Liv. 

sescuplus -a -urn (sesqui), one and a half 
times (us much, Quint. 

seseiis -is, f. (o-eVeAis), « plant, hartwort,C\<s< 



Ses 



520 



ses 



Sesostris -tridis and Sesosls -sidis, m. 
(2<Vu>trTpi?), a mythical king of Egypt. 

sesqui, adv. num. (semis and qui), one half 
ware, half as much again; sesqui major, Cic. 

sesqulalter and syncop. sesqualter 
-altera -alterum (Gr. eiriSevrepo?), one and a 
half, Cic. 

eesquibora -ae, f. an hour and a half, riin. 

sesquijugerum -i, n. an aci-e and a half, 
Plin. 

sesquilibra -ae, f. a poxmd and a half, Cato. 

sesquimensis -is, m. a month ami a half, 
Varr. 

sesquiinodius -li, m. a modius and a half, 
Cic. 

scsquiobolus -i, m. an obolm and a half, 
Plin. 

sesquloctavus -a -um, containing Jo/a 
thing, Cic. 

sesquiopus -ens, n. the work of a day and a 
half, Plant. 

sesquipedalis -e, a foot and a half long; 
tigua, Caes. ; hence, poet., very long; dentes, 
Cat. ; verba, Hor. 

sesquipedanSus = sesquipedalis (q.v.) 

sesquipes -pSdis, m. a foot and a half, Plant. 

sesquiplaga -ae, f. a blow and a half, Tae. 

sesquiplex -pllcis, taken one and a half 
times, Cic. 

sesqilltertius -a -um, containing \ of any- 
thing, Cic. 

sesslbulum -i, n. (sedeo), a seat, stool, chair. 
Plant. ^ 

scssilis -e (sedeo), fit fir silting upon. I. 
Pass., terguin (equi), ()v. II. Act., of plants, 
low, dwarf, spreading, Plin. 

SCSSio -<3nis, f. (sedeo). 1. 1, titling, the act of 
sitting ; status, incessio, sessio, Cic. ; sessiones 
quaedam {postures in sitting) contra naturain 
sunt, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, a sitting idle, loitering in 
a place; Capitolina, Cic; b, a sitting, session 
for discussion ; poineridiana, Cic. II. Meton., 
a place for sitting, seat, Cic. 

sessito, 1. (intens. of sedeo), to sit much, sit 
ahenys; quam deam (Suadain) in Pericli labris 
scripsit Eupolis sessitavisse, Cic. 

sessiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of sessio), a little 
company or assembly for conversation, Cic. 

sessor -Cris, m. (sedeo). I. one wlio sits, a 
fitter, Hor. II. an inhabitant, dweller ; urbis, 
Xep. 

sestertius -a -um (scmis-tertius), two and a 
half; sestet tius -li, m.,and in full, sestertius 
uninraos, genitr. plur. sestertium minimum, and 
simply sestertium and sestertioruin, a sesterce. 
A. a silver coin, in the time of the Republic = i 
denariu3= 2\ asses (= about 2bl.), Cic. ; 1, lit., 
sestertii duodeni, Cic. ; genit. plur., sestertium 
(sc. mille), treated as a neut. noun, and so de- 
clined, = 1,000 sesterces ; dceics sestertium (sc 
centtna millia) =a millionsesterc.es ; centies ses- 
tertium = ten million sesterces, Cic. ; millies ses- 
tertifim = 100 millions, Cic; 2, transf., nummo 
i-estertio or sestertio nummo, for a mere trifle : 
nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo alicui 
addici, Cic. B. In Imperial times, a copper coin 
of the value o/4 asses, Plin. 

Scstus (Scstos) -i, f. (Stjctto?), a town in 
Thrace on the Hellespont, residence of Hero, now, 
perhaps, Jalova. Adj., SestUS -a -um, Sestian ; 
puella, Hero, Ov. 

S6t = sed (q.v.). 

set& (saeta) -ae, f. I. a bristle, slitf hair ; of 
pigs, Ov. ; seta equina, ttirsehair, Cic, ; of <?oats, 



cows, lions, Verg.; of coarse, bristly, human hair 
Verg. II. Meton., part of an angler's line, Ov. 

setania -ae, f. and setanion -ii, n. (<r>jTai'ia). 

I. a species of medlar, Plin. II. a kind of onion, 
Plin. 

setiger (saetiger) -gSra -germn (seta and 
gero), having bristles, bristly ; sus, Verg. ; subst., 
setiger -gSri, m. a boar, Ov. 

setosus (saetosus) -a -um (seta), full of 

bristles, bristly; aper, Verg. 

seu = sive (q.v.). 

severe, adv. -with com par. and superl. 
(severus), seriously, gravely, austerely, severely, 
Cic. 

severitas -atis, f. (severus), gravity, serious- 
ness, severity, austerity, sternness, strictness; cens- 
orum, censoria, Cic. ; severitatem in filio ad- 
hibere, Cic. ; severitatem adhibere reipublicae 
causa, Cic. 

severitudo -Inis, f. = severitas (q.v.). 

1. severus -a -um, grave, serious, strict, 
rigid, stern, austere, sex-ere. I. In a good sense. 
A. Lit., 1, of persons, Tubero vita severus, Cic; 
familia quuin ad ccteras res turn ad judicandum 
severissima, Cic. ; 2, of things, frons, Ov.; con- 
gressio, Cic; subst., a, severus -i, m. a 
grave, serious man, Hor. ; b, severa -orum, n. 
serious things, Hor. JB. Transf., Falernum 
(vinum), harsh, Hor.; amnis Eumenidum or 
Cocyti, awful, Hor, II. In a bad sense, hard, 
cruel; a, lit., Neptnnus saevus severusque, 
Plaut. ; turba Eumenidum, Prop.; b, transf., 
uncus, Hor. 

2. Severus -i, m. a Roman family name, the 
most celebruted persons bearing which were: 1, 
Cornelius Severus, epic poet in the time of 
Augustus, friend of Ovid; 2, L. Septimius 
Severus, emperor 103-211 a.d. ; 3, A melius 
Alexander Severus, emperor 222-234 a.d. 

3. Severus mons, a mountain in the Sabine 
country, a branch of the Apennines, now Vissa. 

SCVOCO, 1. to call asiile, call airay. I. Lit., 
singulos, Caes. ; plebem in Aventinum, Cic. II. 
Fig., to call off, call away, separate; ininium 
a voluptate, Cic 

sevum, etc. = sebum, etc. (q.v.). 

sex, numcr. (tf), six, Cic. ; sex septem, six or 
seven, Hor. 

sexagenarius -a-um(sexageni), containing 
the number sixty; and esp., sixty years old, 
Quint. 

sexageni -ae -a, genit. -enum (sexaginta) 
sixty each, Cie. 

sexageslmus -a -um (sexaginta), the six- 
tieth, Cic. 

sexagies (sexagiens), adv. (sexaginta), 
sirty times; sestertium sexagies, six millions of 
sesterces, Cic. ; so simply sexagiens, Cic. 

sexaginta, num. (e£<jKoi' T a). I. sixty, Cic. 

II. = very many, Matt, 
sexangulus -a -um, hexagonal, Ov. 

sexccnarius -a -um (sexceni), consisting of 
six hundred ; cohortes, Caes. 

sexceni (scsceni) -ae -a (sexcenti), six hun- 
dred each, Cic. 

sexcenteni = sexceni (q.v.). • 

sexcenteslmus -a -um (sexcenti), the six 
hundreth, Cic. 

sexcenti -ae -a (sex and centum). I. six 
hundred, Cic. II. To denote an indefinite 
round number = countless ; epistolae, Cic. 

sexccnties (sexcentiens), adv. (sex- 
pcnti), 'i' 1, hundr-cd times, Gift 



sex 



521 



sic 



sexcentoplagus -i, m. (sexcenti and plaga), 
One who receives innumerable stripes, Plant. 
sexdecim = sedecim (q.v.). 
sexennis -e (sex and annis), six years old, 
Plaut. 

sexennium -li, n. (sexennis), a period of six 
years, Cic. 
sexies (sexiens), adv. (sex), six times, Cic. 
sexprimi -orum, m. the six highest magis- 
trates in colonies and municipia, Cic. 

sextadecimani -orum, m. (sextusdeciraus), 
soldiers of the 10th legion, Tac. 

sextans -antis, m. (sex), the sixth part of an 
as, Varr. ; esp., a, as a coin, two unciae, Liv. ; 
b, the sixth part of an inheritance ; in sextante 
sunt ii, quorum pars, etc., Cic; c, the sixth part 
of a pound, Ov., d, of an acre, Varr., e, of a 
sextarius, Mart. 

sextantarius -a -um (sextans), containing 
a sixth part; asses sextantario pondeie, weighing 
only one-sixth of the former asses, Plin. 

sextariolus -i, in. (dim. of sextarius), a 
small liquid measure, Suet. 

sextarius -ii, m. (sextus), the sixth part. I. 
In liquid measure, the sixth part of a congivs 
(about a pint), Cic. II. As a dry measure, the 
sixteenth part of a modius, Plin. 

Sextills -is, m. (sextus), mensis, or simply 
Sextilis, the sixth month of the Roman year 
(reckoning from March), afterwards called 
August ; kalendae Sextiles, the 1st of August, 
Cic. 

SextlUS (ScstlUS)-a -um, name of a Roman 
gens, the -most famous members of which were: 1, 
L. Sextius, tribune of the people, the author of a 
law enacting that one of the consuls should ahvays 
be a plebeian; 2, P. Sextius, tribune ofthepeople, 
who proposed the recall of Cicero from exile. 
Adj., Sextian ; lex, the above-mentioned law of L. 
Sextius ; tabula, of a banker named Sextius, Cic; 
esp., Aquae Sextiae, Roman colony near Manilia, 
founded by C. Sextius Calvinus, 123 B.C., now Aix. 
Hence, adj., Scctianus (Sestianus) -a -um, 
Sextian. 

sextula -ae, f. (sc. pars, from sextulus, dim. 
of sextus), the sixth part of an uncia, therefore 
l-72nd of an as, Varr. ; l-72nrf part of an inherit- 
ance, Cic. 

sextus -a -um (sex). I. the sixth, Cic. ; adv., 
sextum, for the sixth time; sextum consul, Cic. 
II. Sextus, a Roman name. 
sextusdecimus -a -um, sixteenth, Cic. 
sexus -us, m. (another form of secus), the 
male' or female sex; a, of men, hominum genus 
et in sexu consideratur, virile an muliebre sit, 
Cic. ; b, of animals, Plin. ; c, of plants, miner- 
als, etc, Plin. 

81, conj. (et). I. A particle expressing con- 
dition, if, in case that; foil, by both indie and 
subj. A. Gen., numqnaiu labere, si tc audies, 
Cic! ; si minus, if not, Cic. ; quod si, and if, but 
if, Cic. B. Esp., a, to conllrm or explain or 
justify what has gone before, if only, provided 
that ; delectus habetur, si hie delectus appellan- 
dus, Cic. ; belluni vobis indictum est, magno 
eonun malo, qui indixere, si viri estis, Liv. ; 
b, in wishes, if only ; si nunc se ostendat, Verg.; 
C, in comparisons, as if, just as if; with subj., 
Cic, Liv. ; d, to express a concession, even if; 
si omnes deos hominesque celare possumus, Cic. 
II. In indirect questions and dependent clauses, 
whether, if; conati, si possent, etc., Cic. ; dicito, 
si etc., Cic. ; castra movet, si . . . posset, to try 
whether, etc., Liv. 
sibilo, 1. (sibilus). I, Intransit., to hiss; 

17* 



of snakes, Verg. : anguis sibilat, Ov. ; transf.,_ of 
red-hot iron plunged into water ; in tepida 
submersum sibilat inula, Ov. II. Transf., to 
hiss at, liiss down; aliquem, Cic 

1. sibilus -i, m. (plur., sibili, and in poets, 
sibila), a hissing, whistling, rustling; austri, 
Verg. ; of persons, whistling ; sibilo sigiium dare. 
Liv.; esp., a contemptuous hissiiig ; sibilum 
metuis? Cic; sibilis conscindi, Cic; sibilis 
aliquem explodere, Cic. 

2. sibilUs -a -um, hissing ; colla (of a snake), 
Verg. ; ora, Verg. 

Sibylla -ae, f. (2i'/3vAAa, from Sibs (= Aibs) 
0ouA>j, God's counsel), a prophetess and priestess of 
Apollo, a Sibyl; in the Roman mythol., esp., the 
Sibyl ofCumae whom Aeneas consulted; another 
Sibyl of Cumae was said to have composed tlie 
Sibylline books, which were bought by Tarquin 
from an old woman, and kept in the Capitol, and 
consulted in time of danger. 

Sibyllinus -a -um, of or relating to the Sibyl, 
Sibylline; libri, Cic. ; vatieinatio, Cic 

sic (from root i (whence is and ita), with the 
spirant prefixed and the demonstrative suffix -ce 
added, si-ce, which became sic), so, thus, in this 
maimer. I. Gen., a, sive eniin sic est, sive illo 
modo, Cic. ; ilia civitas popularis (sic eniin 
appellant) iu qua in populo sunt omnia, Cic; b, 
to introduce something that follows, thus, as 
follows ; ingressus est sic loqui Scipio, Cic. ; 
esp., with ace and infln., sic velim existimes, 
te nihil gratius facere posse, Cic ; c, in affirm- 
ative answers, sic est, etc.; sic plane judico, 
Cic. II. Esp., A. In comparisons, so, as ; gen. 
corresponding to ut, more rarely to quemad- 
modum, tamquam, quasi, etc., Atticum sic amo, 
ut alterum fratrem, Cic. ; quemadmodum . . . 
sic, Cic. ; sic . . . tanquain, Cic. ; sic . . . 
quasi, Cic; in wishes, so; sic tua Cyrneas 
fngiant exainina taxos, Verg. B. of such a kind, 
of such a nature ; sic est vulgus ; ex veritatc 
pauca, ex opinione multa, existiinant, Cic. C. 
a, in such circumstances, in such a manner, so, 
and thus ; sic ad supplicium Numitori Remus 
deditur, Liv.; b, consequently, in consequence; 
quia non est obscura tua in ine benevolentia, sic 
fit ut, etc., Cic. D. To express limitation or con- 
dition, so = on condition tliat, in so far as ; gen. 
eorresp. with ut, recordatione amicitiae sic 
fruor, ut beate vixisse videar, Cic. ; sic . . . si, 
then ...if, only if ; deeieverunt, id sic ratum 
esset, si patres auctores tierent, Liv. K. To 
express degree, so much, to such a degree; often 
foil, by ut, Caecinam a puero semper sic dilexi ut 
non ullo cum nomine conjunctius viverem, Cic. 
F. To express carelessness, indiiference, thus, 
simply; sic nudos (naked as they are) in liumen 
projicere, Cic. 

sica -ae, f. (seco). I. a dagger, dirk, poniard ; 
maximus sieirum numerus et gladiorum, Cic 
II. Meton., assassination, murder; hinc sicae, 
venena, falsa testainenta nascuntur, Cic. 

Sicanl -6i um, m. a people of Celtic origin who 
originally inluibited the banks of the Tiber, and 
thence migrated to Sicily. Hence, A. Adj., 
Sicanus -a -um, Sicanian, r,oct.= Sicilian. 

B. Sicanius -a -um, Sicanian, -poet. = Sicilian. 

C. Sicanis -Idis, f. adj., Sicanian, poet.= 
Sicilian. D. Subst., Sicania -ae, f. Sicania 
= Sicily. 

sicarius -Ii, m. (sica), an assassin, murderer; 
accusare aliquem inter sicarios, of murder, Cic. 

Sicca -ae, f., Veneria, on important town in 
Numidia. on the Bagroylas, with a temple to Venus, 
now Keff. Hence, Slccenses -iura, m. th* 
inhabitants of Sicca. 

Siccanus -a -um (siccus), dry, Plin. ^ v 



sle 



522 



sid 



Siecatio -onis, f. (sicco), a drying, Plin. 

sicce, adv. (siccus), dryly ; fig., of discourse ; 
dicere plainly, vigorously, Cic 
siccesco, 3. (siccus), to become dry, Plin. 

siccine (sic I no or sicin'), (id v. (sicce), 
iiitcnog. parade, is it thus ? thus} so ? Cat. 

siccitas -atis, f. (siccus). I, dryness; a, 
lit., pallidum, Caes.; b, mctou., dryness of 
weather, drought, Cic. II, Trnnsf., fceedomfrom 
humours, firm health; a, lit., Cic; b, fig., of 
discourse, plaV.-.ness, simplicity, dryness; ora- 
tionis, Cic. 

sioco, 1. (siccus), to make dry, to dry. I. 
Transf., A. Gen., vollera, Verg.; horbas, 0'".; 
esp., to dry up water or soil; paludes, Cic. B. 
a, to drain, dry, to drink up, empty; calices, 
Hor. ; b, to milk; ovem, Ov. ; c, to suck dry; 
libera, Verg. II. Intransit. and impers., siccat, 
it dries up, Cat. 

siccociilus -a -um (siccus and oculus), 
having dry eyes, Plant. 

siccus -a -um, dry. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., 
lignum, Verg. ; subst., siccum -i, n. the dry 
land; in sicco hibernare, Liv. ; 2, esp., a, 
without tears, tearless; oculi, Hor.; b, dry, 
thirsty; siccus, inanis, Hor.; poet., dies = hot, 
thirsty, Hor.; meton., temperate, abstinent, Cic. ; 
C, fasting, a poor starving wretch ; accedes siccus 
ad unctuin, Hor. ; d, briglit, cloudless, Prop.; e, 
bright, rainless; fervores, Ov. B. Fig., dry, 
cold, impassive ; puella, Ov. II. Transf., A. Of 
the body, free from- humours, in sound, vigorous 
health; corpora, Plin. B. Of discourse, plain, 
simple ; oratio, Cic. 

3icelicon -i, n. (SikcAikoY), the plant flea- 
wort, Pli». 

Sicilia -ae, f. (Si«Ai'a), the island of Sicily. 
Hence, A. Sicells -Idis, f. Sicilian. B. 
Sicilicnsis -e, Sicilian. 

SlCllIciila -ae, f. (dim. of sicilis), a small 
sickle, Plant. 

SlClllCUS -i, m. (sicilis), a, the 4th part, of an 
un vncia, xnd therefore l-48th of an as; b,a 
quarter of an inch, Plin.; c, 1-iSth of un hour, 
Plin. 

sicillO, 4. (sicilis), to cut or mow with the 
sickle, Plin. 

sicilis -Is, f. (seco), a sickle, Plin. 

Sicoris -is, in. a tributary of the inherits in 
Spain, now Segre. 

Sicubl, adv.( = si alicubi), if anywhere, Cic. 

Siciili -'"rum, in. a people of Celtic origin, 
akin to the Sicani, who settled on the coast of Italy, 
but were afterwards compelled to migrate to Sicily ; 
hence, trnnsf., the inhabitants of Sicily, the 
Sicilians, Cic; sing., SJculuS -i, m. a Sicilian, 
Cic. ; hence, SlciilUE -a -uin, Sicilian ; tyran- 
DUS, Phalaris, Ov. 

Sicunde, adv. (= si nlicunde), if from any- 
where, Cic. 

siciit and sicuti, adv. as, just as. I. Gen., 
a, with a verb, sicut sapiens poeta dixit, Cic; 
foil, by ita, itidem, sic; sicuti . . . ita, Liv.; 
sicuti . . . sic, Caes.; sicuti . . . ita, Cars. ; b, 
without a verb, Ricut apud nos, Cic; viri in 
uxores, sicut in liberos potestatem, Caes. ; full. 
by ita, sicuti in foro, ifcom in theatro, Cic II. 
Esp., 1, inasmuch as; sicuti eras aderit, hodie 
non venerit. Plant. ; 2, sicut. est, sicut erat, as 
the case really is, in fact ; quamvis felixsit, sicuti 
est, Cic ; 3, in a comparison, a, as, it were ; hie 
locus sicut aliquod fnndamentum est. hnins con- 
Btitutionis, Cic; b, just as if; sicuti foret 
lacessitus, Sail. ; 4, to add an example, as, as 



for example ; quibus in oaosi-; omnibus, sicuti in 
ipsa M. Cnrii, Cic. ; 5, to express a state or 
condition, just as ; sicut erani, fngio, Ov. 

Sicyon -onis, m. and f. (StKinor), a city of 
Peloponnesus; h.-nce, adj., Slcyonius -a_-uin, 
Siatonian; calcei, Cic; and subst., Sioyonia 
-oium, n. a kind of soft shoes from Sicyon, Lucr. 

Slda -ae, f. (Si'Stj), a town in Pamphylia, west 
of the river Mclcs, now Eski-Adalia. Hence, 
Sldctae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Sida. 

sideralis -e (sidus), of or relating to the 
stars, Plin. 

sideratio -Onis, f. (sidcror), a blast, blight 
upon plants, supposed to be produced by the in- 
fluence of the stars, Plin. 

Sldereus -a -um (sidus), of or belonging to 
the stars, starry. I. Lit,, a, caelum, starry, Ov. ; 
ignes, the stars, Ov. ; Canis, the Dog-star, Ov. ; 
dea = Nox,Prop. ; conjux, Ceyx (as son of Luci- 
fer), Ov. ; b, esp., of or relating to the sun, solar; 
ignes, Ov. ; lux, Ov. II. Transf., gleaming, 
glittering ; clipeus, Verg. 

siderion -li, n. (o-iSijpioi'), the plant vervain, 
Plin. 

Siderites -ae, m. (<riSnpiTr)<;)= sideritis(q.v.). 

Slderltis -is, f. (criSTi/pm;). I. a stone; a, 
a magnet, Plin. ; b, a kind of diamond, Plin. 
II. a. plant, vervain, Plin. 

Slderor, 1. (sidus) = sidere afflari, to suffer 
from a sunstroke, be planet-struck, Plin. 

Sldicini -orum, m. n people of Campania, 
whose chief town was Teanum. Hence, adj., Sidi- 
Cinus -a -um, Sidicine. 

sido, sidi and sedi, sessum, 3. (T£<d), to sit 
down, settle, alight. I. Lit., of living creatures, 
columbae super arbore sidunt, Verg. ; inmsne 
sessum? Cic. II. Transf., of inanimate things. 

A. Gen., to sink down, settle ; orta ex laeu nebula 
campo qiiam monribus densior sederat, Liv. 

B. lisp., 1, to remain lying or fixed, to settle; a, 
quuin sederit glans, Liv. ; b, nam. 1. 1., to stick 
fast, to be stranded ; ubi cymbae sidercnt, Liv. ; 
2, to sink — to vanish, disappear, Prop., Tac. 

Sidon -onis, f. (SiScii), a city of Phoenicia. 
Hence, adj., A. SldoniUS -a -um, Phoenician; 
Sidonian; amor, of Jupiter for Europa, Mart; 
esp., of purple, ostium, Ov. ; subst., Sldonii 
-orum, m. the Sidonians or Tyrians^ B. Si- 
donicus -a -um, Sidonian. C. Sidonis -Wis, 
f. Sidonian, Tynan; concha, Tynan purple, Ov.; 
tellus, Phoenicia, Ov. ; subst. = the Sidonian 
■woman ; Europa, Ov. ; Dido, Ov. ; Anna, sister of 
Dido, Ov. 

SldUS -ens, n. a group of stars, constellation, 
sometimes used of a single star. I. A. Lit., 
a, (n) sing., sidus Vergiliarmn, Liv. ; sidus 
aetherium, Ov. ; (fi) plur., illi sempiterni ignes, 
quae sidera et stellas vocatis, Cic; b, poet., 
Bidera sobs (of the sun itself), Ov. B. Meton., 
1, sing., a, the time of year; hiberno sidere, 
in winter, Verg.; mutato sidere, at another 
time of the year, Verg.; b, the day; bruinale, 
the shortest day, Ov. ; c, climate, regions; tot 
sidera emensae, Verg. ; d, weather; grave sidus 
et imber, Ov. ; Minervae, storm raised by Mi- 
nerva, Verg. ; e, a star, as bringing disaster 
(cf. sideratio), hand secus quam pestifero sidere 
icti, Liv.; 2, plur., the heavens; ad sidera 
missus, Juv. ; ad sidera ferre, to praise to the 
skies, Verg. ; poma ad sidera nituntur, grow up, 
Verg. ; sub sidera lapsae, Verg. ; vertiee sidera 
tangere, Ov., or ferire, Hor., to touch the stars, 
to be elevated in happiness or prosperity beyond 
measure; sub pedibus videt nubes et sidera, is 
raised to heaven, Verg. II. Transf., 1. of beau- 



Sig 



523 



sil 



tiful eyes, geminum, sua lumina, sidns, Ov. ; 2, 
pride, glory ; O sidus Fabiae, Maxime, gentis, 
Ov. 

Sigambri = Sugambri (q.v.). 

Sigenm -i, n. (Si'yeioi'), a ■promontory and 
port in Tracts, where was the grave of Achilles, 
now Jenischer. Hence, A. Sigeus -a -um, 
Sigean. B. Sigeius -a -nm, Sigean. 

sigilla -Orum, n. (dim. of signum), small 
figure*, images; patella in qua sigilla crant 
egregia, Cic. ; statuettes. Cic ; figures cut upon a 
signet-ring, Cic, and hence, a seal, Hor. 

Sigillaria -Drum, abl. -iis and -ibus, n. 
(sigilla). I. a festival in Rome, at which little 
figures were exchanged as presents. Suet. II. the 
little images thus vised, Sen. III. a place in 
Borne where such images were sold, Suet. 

sigillatus -a -um (sigilla), ornamented with 
small figures ; scyplii, Cic. 

sigillum, v. sigilla. 

sigma -atis, n. (p-Cyfia), the Greek letter sigma, 

and hence, a semicircular dining-couch in the 
original shape of a capital sigma (C), Mart. 

signator -oris, in. (signo), one who seats a 
document as a witness; a, the witness to a will, 
Suet. ; signatores falsi, forgers of wills, Sail. ; b, 
the loitness to a marriage-contract, Juv. 

Signia -ae, f. a city in Latium, now Segni. 
Hence, adj., Signmus -a -um, of or belonging 
to Signia; opus, or simply subst., Sigmnum 
-i, n. a kind of plaster for walls and pavements; 
plur. subst., Signmi -oruin, m. the inhabitants 
of Signia. 

signifer -f8ra -ferum (signum and fero), 
bearing figures, adorned witli figures. I. Gen., 
puppis, Lucan. II. Esp., A. bearing shirs, 
covered with constellations ; aether, Luer. ; orbis, 
the zodiac, Cic. B. Subst., signifer -feri, m., 
mi'.it. 1. 1., a standard-bearer, Caes., Cic; transf., 
a leader, head; calamitosorum, Cic. ; juventutis, 
Cic. 

Signif Icabllis -e (significo), significant, con- 
veying a meaning; vox, Varr. 

signif leans -antis, p. adj. (from significo), 
graphic, distinct, clear, Quint. 

signifioanter, adv. (significans), plainly, 
distinctly, clearly; acrius, apertius, significantius 
dignitatem alicuius defenders, Cic. 

signif icantia -ae, f. (signilico), expressive- 
ness, energy, distinctness, Quint. 

signif icatio -onis, f. (significo). I. a show- 
ing, pointing out, indicating, sign, token, indica- 
tion ; a, absol., declarare aliquid signilicatione, 
Cic; b, with subject, genit., litterarum,Cic; c. 
with object, genit. , virtutia, Cic. ; d, with ace and 
intin., signitlcatio tit nou adesso constantiam, 
Cic. II. Esp., 1, a sign of assent, approbation, 
applause; signilicatio omnium, Cic; signiflca- 
tione florere, Cie. ; 2, a sign, prognostic of a 
change of weather, Plin. ; 3, emphasis, Cic. ; 4, 
the meaning, signification of a word; scripti, 
Cic 

significatus -us, m. (significo), a sign, 
prognostic of a change of weather, Plin. 

significo, 1. (signum and facio), to give a 
sign, indication, to indicate, notify. I. Gen., a, 
with ace, hoc mini significasseetannuisse visus 
est, Cic ; b, with ace. and infin., omnes signi- 
ficabant ab eo se esse admodum delectatos, Cic; 
C, with ut and the subj., ut statim dimitter- 
entur, Caes. ; d, with rol. sent., litterae neque 
unde neque quo die datae essent signilicabant, 
Cic; e, with de and the abl., do fnga, Caes. 
II. Esp., A. to indicate that which is to come ; a, 
futura, Cic; b, to give signs of, indicate a change 



of weather, Plin. B. Of words, to mean, signify f 
uno verbo significari res duas, Cic. 

Signinus, v. Signi3. 

signo, 1. (signum), to put a mark upon, mark, 
designate. I. Lit., A. Gen., humum limite, 
Ov. ; caeli regionem in cortice siguant, cut in, 
inscribe, Verg. ; sonos vocis, Cic. ; huinum pede 
certo, to tread on, Hor. B. Esp., 1, to marl: 
with a seal, seal, seal up ; libellum, Cic. ; volum- 
ina, Hor. ; arcanas tabellas, Ov. ; 2, to coin, 
stamp money; argentum signatura, Cic; 3, to 
adorn ; honore, Verg. II. Eig., A. Gen., signa- 
ture inemori pectorc.nomcn habe, Ov. B. Esp., 
1, to signify, express; ossauomcii(Cajcta)signat, 
Verg. ; 2, to observe, notice; ora sono discordia, 
Verg. 

signum -i, n. (perhaps connected with s\kuv, 
eixo?), a sign, mark, taken. I. Gen., signa et 
notae locorum, Cic. ; s'ignum imprimere pecori, 
Verg. ; signa pedum sequi, to follow the footsteps, 
Ov. ; signa dolorisostendere, Cic. II. Esp., A. 
Milit. t. t., 1, a standard, flag, banner; a, of 
large divisions of an army, the legion, etc.; signa 
relinquere, to desert, Sail. ; signa ferre, to march 
away, Caes. ; signa convelli jubere, to give tlie 
signal for marching away, Liv. ; signa inferre, to 
attack, Caes. ; signa conferre, (a) to bring the 
standards together, Caes., (0) to fight; cum Alex- 
andrinis, Cic. ; b, of small divisions, of cohorts 
and maniples, Cic; hence, transf. = a small di- 
vision of the army, company ; signa et ordiues, 
Liv. ; 2, a, the signal, order, command given by the 
general; signum pugnae proponere, Liv. ; signum 
tuba dare, Caes. ; b, a watchword, pass-word; it 
bello tessera signum, Verg. B. the sign or 
signal in the circus given by the praetor or consul 
for the races to begin; signum mitteudis quad- 
rigis dare, Liv. C. a sign, token, indication of 
the future ; signum se objicit, Cic; medici signa 
habent ex venis, Cic. D. a sign = a proof; 
hoc signi est, id signi est, or signum est with 
ace and intin., Cic. E. a figure, image, statue ; 
signum aeiieum, marmoreum, Cic; hence, a, a 
seal, signet, Cic ; b, a group of stars, constella- 
tioiij Cic. 

Sll, silis, f. a kind of yellow earth, ochre, Plin. 

Sila ae, f. a forest in Bruttii. 

sllaceus -a -um (sil), like ochre; color, Plin. 

silanus -i, m. (SiAt^o?), a fountain (fre- 
quently made to issue from the head of Silenus), 
Lucr. 

Silarus -i, m. a river in Lucania l now Sele. 

silaus -i, in. a species of parsley, Plin. 

silens, v. sileo. 

silentium -li, n. (sileo), silence, stilhiess, 
quietness. I. Lit., A. Gen., audlre aliquid magno 
silentio, Cic. ; silentium fieri jubere, Cic. ; anim.- 
advertere cum silentio, to notice in silence, Ter. ; 
silentio praeterire. Cic. ; silentium noctis, the 
stillness of night, Caes.; ruris, Ov. B. Esp., a, 
freedom from disturbance, and hence, covipleteness, 
perfectness in taking the auspices ; id silentium 
dicimus in auspiciis, quod omnivitio caret, Cic. ; 
b, obscurity, mgloriousness ; laudem eortim a 
silentio vindicare, Cic. II. Transf., quiet, repose, 
inactivity; judiciorum ac fori, Cic. ; vitam si- 
lentio transire, Sail. 

Silenus -i, in. (SfAij^t), the tutor and attend- 
ant of Bacchus, represented with a bald head, as 
ahvays drunk, and riding on an ass. 

sileo -ui, 2. to be still, noiseless, silent. I. 
Lit., 1, of persons, a, absol., or with de and 
the abl., optimum quemque silere, Liv. ; ceteri 
de nobis silent, Cic; partic, silens, silent; 
umbrae silentes (of the dead), Verg. ; subst, 
silentes, the silent ; (a) = the dead ; rex si- 
lentum (Pluto), Ov. ; (J3) the Pythagoreans; 



sil 



524 



sim 



coetus silentum, Ov. • b, with ace, to be silent 
about ; tu hoc silebis, Cic. ; neque te silebo, 
Hor. ; in pass., res siletnr, Cic. ; partic. subst., 
8ilciidn. -oruin, n. things to be silent about, 
secrets, mysteries, Liv. ; 2, of things, silet acr, 
Ov. ; aequor, Verg.; nox, Verg. ; with foil. rel. 
senr., si ehartae sileant quod bene feceris, Hon; 
partic, Sllcns, quiet, still; nox, Verg.; agmen, 
Liv. II. Transf., to rest, to be inactive ; a, of 
persons, silent dintius Musae quam solebant, 
Cic; b, of things, si quando ambitus sileat, 
Cic. (partic pres. in abl., gen. silente : svneop. 
genit. plur., silentum, Verg., Ov.). 

Slier -eris, n. a species of willow, the brook- 
willow, Verg. 

Sllesco, 3. (inchont. of sileo), to become 
silent, grow still, Verg. 

silcx -Icis, in. (rarely f.), any hard Hone, 
flint, granite, basalt, esp. as material for pave- 
ment. I. Lit, certo in loco silicem caedere, 
Cic; vias in urbe silice sternere, Liv.; as lig. 
of cruelty or hardheartedness, dicam silices 
pectus habere tuuin, Ov. II. Poet., transf, 
= scopuIus, rock, cliff; acuta silex praecisis un- 
diqne saxis, Verg. 

Silianus, v. Bilios. 

silicernium -ii, n. a funeral feast, Varr. ; 
hence, transf., as a term of abuse applied to an 
infirm old man, Ter. 

silicia -ae, f. the plant fenugreek, Plin. 

silicula -ae, f. (dim. of siliqua), a little pod 
or husk, Varr. 

BJQigineus -a -um (siligo), made of wheat, 
wheaten, Plin. 

siligo -Inis, f. 1, a kind of very white wheat 
(Triticum hibernum, Linn.), Plin.'; 2, ineton., 
wheaten flour, Juv. 

Siliqua -ae, f. a husk, pod, shell, Verg. ; plur., 
siliquae -Srum, pulse, Hor. 

siHquor, 1. dep. (siliqua), to put forth or get 
pods, Plin. 

Silius -a -um, name of a Roman gens: 1, A. 
Silius, a friend of Citero ; 2, P. Silius Nerva, 
propraetor in Bithynia and l'ontiit, 51 n.c. ; 3, 
C. Silius Italicus, an ep-ic poet of the first Centura 
a.d., author of an epic poem on the Punic War In 
seventeen books. Hence, Silianus -a -um, re- 
lating to Silius. 

sillybus = sittybos (q.v.). 

silphium -Ii, n. (o-iAtfuor) = laserpifium 
(q.v.). 

Silures -um, ace. -as, a people in Britain, to 
the west of the Severn and the Avon. 

Sllurus -i, in. (oAovpos), a species of river- 
fish, prob. the sheat-fish, Juv. 

Bllus -a -um (<nAA<k and criX<k)= simus, flat- 
•nosed, snub-nosed, pug-nosed, Cic. 

sUva (sylva) -ae, f. (connected with iiAij), a 
wood, forest. I. 1, lit., a, Silva densa, Cic; 
silvarum dca, Diana, Ov. ; b, a plantation, a 
grove, apark; signa in silva disposita, Cic; 2, 
metou., a, a quantity of shrubs or plants, under- 
wood. Verg. ; b, poet., a tree or trees, Verg., Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, a dense mass or quantity; Im- 
manent acrato ciruumfert tegmine silvam, a 
dense mass of spears, Verg. ; 2, plentiful supply, 
abundance ; virtutum et vitiorum, Cic. ; esp., of 
materials for speaking and writing, silva rerum, 
Cic ; omnis ubertas et quasi silva dicendi, Cic. 
(slluae, trisyll. in Hor.). 

Silvanus -), m. (silva), a Latin god of forests 
and the country; plur., Silvani, gods of the forests 
and the country. 

silvaticus -a -um (silva), 1, cfov relating U> 



a forest or wood, Varr.; 2, of plants and animals, 
wild, Plin. 

silvesco, 3. (silva), of a vine, to run wild, to 
run to wood, Cic. 

Silvester -trig -tore and gen. silvestris -e 
(silva). I. belonging to a wood or forest; a, 
covered with trees, wooded, woody ; collis, Caes. ; 
locus, Cic. ; subst., silvestria -lum, u. voudy 
places; b. living or being in the woods; belua, 
Cic; homines, Hor.; cursns, Cic II. Transf., 
A. grou'ing vrild, wild; oliva, Ov. B. rural, 
pastoral ; Musa, Verg. 

Silvia, v. 1. P.hen. 

silvlcola -ae, c. (silva and colo), an inhabit- 
ant of the woods, Verg. 

sUvicultrix -tricis, f. (silva and colo), in- 
habiting the woods, Cat. 

silvifragus -a -um (silva and frango), shat- 
tering the. woods, Lucr. 

silviger -gSra -gerum (silva and gero),, 
wooded, covered with forests; montes, Plin. 

Silvosus -a -um (silva), well wooded, abound- 
ing in forests ; saltns, Liv. 

Simbruvium -ii, n. a district in the country 
of the Aequi. Hence, Simbrumus -a -um, 
relating to Simbruvium. 

simia -ae, f. and simius -i, m. (simus), an 
ape, monkey, Cic. ; used as a term of abuse of 
men, simius iste, Hor. 

simila -ae, f. the finest wheaten flour, Mart. 

SimilagO = simila (q.v.). 

similis -e (connected with simul, simulare), 
like, resembling, similar; a, with genit. (nearly 
always so in Cicero when used of persons) fratris, 
hominis, Cic. ; simile veri, Cic. ; non est vcii 
simile ut Occident, Cic ; mihi minus simile veri 
visum est, with ace. and infill., Liv.; coiiipar., 
veri similius, Liv.; siiniliorcs Atticorum, Cic; 
superl., simillimum veri, Cic; b, with dat, 
si similes Icilio tribu'nos haberet, Liv. ; quid 
simile habet epistola aut judicio aut eontioni, 
Cic; com par., similius id vero fecit, Liv.; 
superb, simillimus «leo, Cic; c, with dat. and 
genit. together, similis illi . . . similis deorum, 
Cic. ; d, with inter se, homines inter se ouuni 
forma turn moribUS similes, Cic; e, foil. by 
atque, ut si, tamquam si, Cic; f, absol., animus, 
Cic. Subst., simile -is, n. a resemblance, Cic 

similiter, adv. (similis), in like manner, 
similarly ; foil, by atque, nt si, Cic. 

Similitudo -Inis, f. (similis), likeness, simili- 
tude, resemblance. I. 1, gen., est inter ipsos 
similitudo, Cic; est homini cum den similitudo, 
Cic; veri similitudo, probability, Cic; plur., 
similitudines, concr., similar things, Cic; 2, 
esp., a, likeness in a portrait, Cic; b, (i meta- 
phor, simile, Cic II. Transf., 1, a comparison, 
similitude, Cic ; 2, uniformity, Cic. 

similo = simulo (q.v.). 

simlolus -i, m. (dim. of simius), a little ape 
(of a man), Cic 

simitu, adv., old form of simul (q.v.). 

SimoiS -moentis, m. (St^nei?), a small stream 
in Troas, falling into the Scamander. 

Slmonldes -is, m. (^.Lti^viS^), a lyric poet 
of Cos. Adj., SImonldeus -a -um, Simonidrnm 

simplex -pllcis (sim = simple, cf. sincerus, 
and plex, from plico), simple, uncompounded, 
unmixed. I. Lit., a, natura aniniantis, Cic. ; 
aqua, pure, Ov.; jus, Hor.; b, single, one ; sim- 
plici ordine urbein intrare, Liv. ; plus vice siin- 
p\\ci, more than once, Hor. II. Transf., A. a, 
jilain, simple, not complicated; causa, Cic; genus 



sim 



525 



sin 



mortis, without torture, Liv. ; necessitudo, un- 
conditional, Cic. ; b, natural, simple ; ratio 
veritatis, Cic. B. Esp., morally simple, straight- 
forward, upright, guileless; alliums apertus ac 
simplex, Cic. 

simplicitas -atis, f. (simplex). I. simplicity, 
simplencss, Lucr. II. moral simplicity, straight- 
forwardness, guilelessness, honesty, candour; 
pucrilis, Liv. ; sermo antiquae simplicitatis, 
Liv. 

slmpliciter, adv. (simplex). I. a, plainly, 
straightforwardly, directly ; defendere, Cic. ; 
seiitentiam referre, Cic; b, simply, without art, 
artlessly; loqui, Cic. II. Esp., frankly, candidly, 
honestly, Tac 

simplus -a -um (inrXovs), simple. Subst., 
simplum -i, n. that which is single (opp. 
dupluin), Cic. 

simpulum -i, n. a ladle; prov., excitare 
finctus ill siinpulo, to make a storm in a tea-cup, 
to make much ado about nothing, Cic. 

simpuvium -ii, n. a sacrificial vessel, Cic. 

simul (archaic semiil),adv. (connected with 
o^o), ui once, at tlie same time as. I. Gen., a, 
absol., venire, Cic; simul comnionefacere, 
Caes. ; b, with cum, testamentum simul obsig- 
navi cum Clodio, Cic ; c, with et, que, atque, 
simul et ostendi, Cic. ; simul inflatus exacer- 
batusque, Liv. ; simul honoribus atque vir- 
tutibus, Liv.; d, with abl., simul septemviris, 
Tac. ; simul his dictis, Very. II. Special 
phrases. A. simul . . . simul, not only . . . but at 
the same time, partly . . . partly {apa. ^iv . . . 
aixa Si) ; increpaiido simul tenieritatem, simul 
ignaviam, Liv.; foil, by ut or lie and subj., by 
quod and indie or subj., simul sui puigandi 
causa, simul ut, etc., Caes. B. simulatque(sim- 
ulac), as soon as ; a, simulatque cognitum est, 
Cic; b, with ut, simul ut experrecti suiuus.Cic; 
C, simul alone (as a conj.), simul intlavit tibicen, 
Cic. C. (Like Gr. ii^a) with partic pres. , simul 
hoc dicens, while saying this, Verg. 

Simulacrum -i, n. (from simulo, as lava- 
crmn from lavo), an image, likeness, portrait, 
effigy. I. Lit., 1, a, oppidorum, Cic. ; Helenae, 
Cic ; b, a doll; simulacra cerea, Ov.; 2, a re- 
flection in a mirror, a sluidow, visioji in a dream 
or seen in fancy ; a, a reflection in a mirror 
or in water, Lucr. ; b, a shade, ghost, Ov. ; c, a 
vision in a dream; vana (noctis), Ov. ; d, t. t. 
of the Epicurean philosophy, a conception of an 
object in the mind, Lucr. ; e, the recollection of a 
thing, Cic. ; 3, transf. , in a discourse, a cluiracter- 
pkture, Liv. II. Fig., as opposed to what is 
real, 1, a mere image, imitation ; simulacra vir- 
tutis, Cic ; 2, esp., a, a pluintom, appearance ; 
religionis, Cic ; b, a shade, ghost (of something 
lost) ; auspiciorum, Cic. 

simulamen -luis, n. (simulo), an imitation, 
Ov. 

Simulans -antis, p. adj. (from simulo), only 
in conipar., imitating, imitative; simulantior 
vocum ales, the parrot, Ov. 

simulate, adv. (simulatus), in appearance, 
feignedly, Cic. 

simulatio -onis, f. (simulo), the assumed 
appearance of anything, pretence, feint, simula- 
tion, false show; imitatio simulatioque virtutis, 
Cic ; agere cum simulatione timoris, Cic. ; 
absol., simulatio ficta, Cic. 

Simulator -5ris, in. (simulo). I. an imi- 
tator ; figurae, Ov. II. Transf., a hypocritical 
imitator, hypocrite, counterfeiter, feigner ; seg- 
nitiae, Tac. ; cuius rei libet simulator ac dis- 
simulator, Cic. ; simulator in omni oratione, 
fj master in irony, Cic, 



Simulo, 1. (similis), to make like. I. Lit., 
A. Gen., Minerva simulata Mentori, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, to present, represent ; cuprcssuin, Hor. ; 
2, to imitate ; niinbos, Verg. ; Catonein, Hor. 
II. Transf., to put on the appearance of, simulate, 
feign, counterfeit; simulare gaudia vultu, Ov. ; 
lacrimas, Ov. ; negotia, Sail. ; aegruni, to play 
the part of a sick man, Liv.; aliud agentes, aliud 
simulantes, Cic; with ace and infill., so furere, 
Cic; poet., with intiii. alone, simulat Jove natus 
abire, Ov. ; absol., non sui commodi^ causa 
simulare, Cic. Esp., partic, simulatus 
-a -um, feigned, counterfeit; nee simulatum 
quidquam potest esse diurnum, nothing counter- 
feit can be Listing, Cic. 

simultas -atis, f. (= similitas, as facultas 
= facilitas), enmity towards some one who is like 
us, rivalry, jealousy, feud, animosity, dissension, 
hatred; a, sing., simultatem deponere, Cic; 
b, plur. , simultates exercere cum aliquo, Cic ; 
simultates dirimere, Cic. 

simulus -a -um (dim. of simus), a little pug- 
nosed, somewhat snub-nosed, Lucr. 

simus -a -um (triads), Jkd-nosed, pug-nosed, 
snub-nosed, Verg. 

Sin, conj. but if, if however. I. With pre- 
ceding particle, si, nisi, if . . . but if, Cic. ; si 
. . . sin aliter, Cic. ; si . . . sin autem, Cic. ; sin 
minus, sin aliter, sin secus, ellipt., but if not, if 
on the contrary, Cic. II. Without preceding 
particle, Cic. ; strengthened, sin autem, Cic. 

sinapi, indecl. n. and sinapis -is, ace. 
-iin, abl. -e and gen. -i, f. {viva-m), mustard, 
Plin. 

Sincere, adv. (sincerus), honestly, frankly, 
sincerely ; loqui, Cic. ; pronuntiare, Caes. 

sinceritas -atis, f. (sincerus). I. purity, 
freedom from adulteration, clearness, Plin. II. 
u}irightness, integrity, Phaedr. 

sincerus -a -um (from sin = simple and 
cerus, connected with cresco, cf. procerus = 
simply grown). I. pure, unmixed, uiuululteraled, 
genuine; a, lit., secernere fucata et simulata 
a sinceris atque veris, Cic ; genae, Ov. ; b, 
transf., upright, honourable, sincere; nihil sin- 
ceri, Cic: tides, Liv. II. pure; 1, sound, 
healthy; a, lit., corpus, Ov. ; sincerum in- 
tegrumque conserva, Cic; b, transf., inu'ii- 
jured, undestroyed ; Minerva, Ov. ; judicium, 
Cic ; 2, unmixed, pure, mere ; a, lit., proelium 
equestre, Liv.; b, tig., voluptas, Cic; gaudium, 
Liv. 

sinciput -pitis, n. (for semi wiput). I. ludf 
a head ; esp., the smokeil chap of a pig, Juv. II. 
Meton., the brain, Plaut. 

sindon -6nis, f. (o-iv&ujv), fine cotton cloth, 
muslin, Mart. 

sine, prep, with abb, without (opp. cum), 
semper ille ante cum uxore, turn sine ea, Cic. ; 
sine dubio, Cic. ; sine ulla dubitatione, without 
doubt, Cic ; sometimes placed after its case, 
vitiis nemo sine nascitur, Hor. 
singillariter, adv. (singulus), singly, Lucr. 
singillatim (singulatlm), adv. (siugu- 
lus), singly, one by one, Cic. 

singularis -e (singuli), belonging to single 
persons or things. I. Lit., A. gen., a, single, 
individual; ubi'aliquos siugulares ex nave egredi 
conspexerant, Caes. ; non est singulare nee soli- 
vagum genus hoc, Cic; b, relating to an individ- 
ual; iinperium, potentia, absolute rule, Cic. B. 
Esp.,l,grammat. t. t., singular, belonging to the 
singular number, Quint. ; 2, subst., singulares 
-ium, m. a select body of life-guards \n the tm» 
perial service, Tac. II. Fig., single in its kind, 
distinguished, eminent, singular, imigite, extr<t>- 



sin 



520 



Sip 



ordinary ; a, in a good sense, iiigenio atque 
nuimo singulares, Cic. ; Pompeii singularis ex- 
imiaque virtus, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, excep- 
tional ; nequitia, Cic. 
singularlter, adv. (singularis). I. singly ; 

a, Luer.; b, in the singular number. Quint. IL 
Transf., particularly, singularly, extraordinarily ; 
aliquem diligere, Cic. 

singularius -a -um (singularis), single; 
catenae, once twisted (or one pound in weight), 
Plaut, 

singulatim = singillatim (q.v.). 
siuguli, v. singulus. 

singultim, adv. (singultus), in sobs ; transf. 
ssstamtneringly ; pauca loqui, Hor. 

Singultio, 4. (singultus). I. to hiccough, 
Plin. II. to throb, Pers. 

singulto, 1. (singultus). I. Intransit, to 

\iccough, to sob, Quint. ; of dying persons, to 
rattle in the throat, Verg. II. Transit., to sob 
out, gasp out ; aniniaiu, Ov. 

singultus -us. m. (singuli). I. Keeping, 
sobbing; a, of persons, singultuqne pias inter- 
runipente querellas, Ov. ; multas lacrimas et 
fletum cum singultu videre potuisti, Cic. ; b, of 
persons dying, rattling in the throat, Verg. II, 
Of similar sounds, the croaking of a raven, the 
gurgling of water, Plin. 

singulus -a -um, more freq. in plur., 
singuli -ae -a (from siin = semel, singly, as 
simplex). I. single, a single person or thing, 
one alone; a, sing., singulum vestigium, Plaut.; 

b, plur., frequentes an pauei an singuli, Cic. 
II. Distributive, one each; legiones Bingulas 
posuit Brundisii, Tarenti, etc., one legion at 
Ernndisium,oneut Tarentum, Cic; flliae singulos 
tilios habentes, Liv. 

Sinis -is, m. (SiVis, i.e., lie that injures), a 
' robber on the isthmus of Corinth, killed by Theseus. 

sinister -tra -tram, left, on the left hand. I. 
Lit., A^ Adj., nianus, Nep.; ripa, Hor.; compar., 
sinisterior -us, rota, Ov. B. Subst., 1, 
sinistra -ae, f. a, the left hand, Caes. ; used in 
stealing, uatae ad furta sinistrae, Ov. ; b, the 
lift side; dextra sinistra, Cic. ; sub sinistra, 
Caes. ; 2, sinistrl -ovum, in. the left wing of a 
line of battle, Liv. II. 1, awkward, wrong, jicr- 
verse; mores, Verg.; 2, unfavourable, ajlverse ; 
signa, Ov. ; notus pecori sinister, Verg. ; 3, t.t. 
of augury, a, amongst the Romans, who, turning 
towards the sontb, had the east on the left, 
favourable ; tonitrns, Ov. ; b, among the Gieeks, 
who, turning towards the north, had the east on 
the right, unfavourable; omeu, Ov. 

Sinisteritas -atis, f. (sinister), left-handed- 
ness, awkwardness, Plin. 

sinistrd, adv. (sinister), unfavourably, un- 
propitiously; excipere, Hor. ; rescribere, Tao. 

sinistrorsus (sinistrorsum), adv. (for 
sinistroversus, sinistroversum), on the left hand, 
Caes., Hor. 

smo, sivi, sltum, 3. lit., to place, put Sown, 
to set down; only used in this sense in the partic 
situs, and in the compound pono (= posino) ; in 
the finite verb only transf., to permit, allow, 
suffer. I. Gen., a, with ace. and infin , vinum ad 
se importari omnino non sinunt, Caes. ; nos 
transalpinas gentes oleam et vitem serere non 
siuimus, Cic; in pass., with nom. and infin., hie 
accusare eum moderate per scnatus auctori- 
tatem non est situs, Cic. ; b, with subj. alone, 
sine pascat aretque, Hor. ; c, with ace, sinite 
arma yiris, Verg.; d, absol., non feram, non 
patiar, non sinam, Cic. II. Esp., A. In con- 
versation, sine, let = may; tenant sine litora 



ductus, Verg. ; or simply sine, good, be it so, 
Plaut. B. lie di sinant (smut), nc Juppiter 
sirit, God forbid, Liv. (perf. tenses syncop., 

sisti, sistis, siris, sirit, siritis ; pluperf., sissut 
and sissent). Hence, situs -a -um. I. Panic, 
placed, laid down; 1, gen., Plaut.; 2, esp.. a, 
built; Philippopolis a Philippo sita, Liv.; b, 
buried; C. Marii sitae reliquiae apud Anienem, 
Cic. II. P. Adj. == lying, situate. A. Lit, 1, 
gen., lingua in ore sita est, Cic; 2, esp., cl 
places, situate; locus situs in media insula, Cic 

B. Fig., 1, gen., voluptates in medio sitas esse 
dictmt, Cic. ; 2, esp., situm esse in aliqua re or 
in aliquo, to rest upon, depend upon ; assensio 
quae est in nostra potestate sita, Cic 

Sinopa -ae, f. and Sinope -es. f. (Zivunrj). 
I. a town in Paphlagonia oh the Black Sea, a 
colony from Miletus, birth-place of the cynic 
Diogenes, now Sinap. Sina.be, Sinub. Hence, A. 
Sinopensis -e, beloiiging to Sinope. B. Si- 
nopeus -Si, m. (^ii'ioTrciis), the Sinopian; 
Cynicus, Diogenes, Ov. C. Sinopis -idis, f. a 
kind of red ochre, found near Sinope. II. a 
Greek town in Latium, afterwards called Sinuessa 

(q.v.). 

Sinuessa -ae, f. (2iw>ve<r<Ta or So-uccrcru), a 
town in Latium, formerly called Sinope, colonised 
by Romans, the neighbourhood of which was 
famous for its wine and warm baths. Adj : , 
Sinuessanus -a -um, of or belonging to Sinu- 
essa. 

sinum, v. 1. sinus. 

sinuo, 1.(2. sinus), to bend, curve ; fcerga,Verg.; 
arcum, Ov. ; pass, as middle, muri introrsus 
sinuati, bent inwards, Tac ; serpens siuuatur in 
arcus, Ov. 

Sinuosus -a ■ um (2. sinus). I. full of wind- 
ings, headings, curves, sinuous; vestis, Ov. ; 
flcxus (anguis), Verg. II. Fig., of discourse, 
diffuse, digressive, Quint. 

1. sinus -i, m. and sinu:;; i, n. a large bowl, 
a basin, Verg. 

2. sinus -Us, m. a bending, curve, fold. I. 
Gen., of the windings of a snake, Cic ; of the 
curls of hair, Ov. ; the fold of a garment, sinu 
ex toga facto, Liv. ; the belly of a sail swollen by 
the wind; sinus implere secundos, Verg.; pleno 
pandere vela sinu, Ov. ; cedendo simini in medio 
dedit, formal a curve, Liv. II. Esp., A. the 
lap ; 1, lit., a, sinum implere floribus, Ov. ; b, 
the hanging fold of the toga, the bosom, lap ; 
litteras in sinu ponere, Liv.; optatum negotium 
sibi in sinum delatum esse dicebat, Cic. ; in 
sinu gaudere, to rejoice in secret, Cic. ; 2, meton., 
a garment; indue regales sinus, Ov. ; 3, a, the 
bosom; hence, love, affection, affectionate pro- 
tection; in sinu est nieo, is my darling, Cic ; in 
sinu gestare, to hold dear, Cic ; b, the inmost 
part of anything, the heart; in sinu urbis sunt 
hostes, Sail. B. a bay, gulf; a, lit., maritimus, 
Cic. ; b, meton., land on a bay or gulf, Liv. 

C. a chasm in the earth, Liv. (dat. and abl. 
plur., always sinibus). 

siparium -ii, n. (dim. of siparum = sup- 
parum). I. a drop-scene at a theatre; a, lit., 
Cic; b, meton. = comedy, Juv. II. a curtain 
to exclude the sun, Quint. 

Sipho(sipo) -onis, in. (cri<f>cui'), a siphon, Juv. 

Sipontum -i, n. (Sin-oOs), an important 
harbour in Apulia, now Maria de Siponto. Adj., 
Sipontinus -a -um, Sipontine. 

siptacboras -ae, m. an Indian tree, supposed 
to yield amber, Plin. 

Sipylus -i, m. (Si'irvAos), a mountain in 
Lydia, u-here, according to the legend, Xiobe was 
turned into stone. 



siq 



527 



sme 



slquando, adv. if ever, Cic 

slquidem. conj. I. if indeed, Cic. II. 
since, because, Cic. 

siraeum -i, n. (<npcuoi<) = sapa (q.v.). 

siremps and sirempse (similis re ipsa), 
the same; sirempse legem, Plaut. 

Siren -enis, f., usually plur., Sirenes -urn, 
f. (Seipiji-ey), the Sireiis, birds with the faces of 
■women, on the coast of Southern Italy, who by their 
song lured mariners to destruction. Sirenum 
scopuli, three small rocky islands on the south- 
west coast of Campania, between Surrentum and 
Capreae ; transf., vitanda est improba Siren, 
desidia, Hor. 

siriasis -is, f. (o-eipiWis), a disease in child- 
ren, caused by excessive heat, Plin. 

sirius -ii, in. (o-et'pios), the dogstar, Verg. ; 
poet, attrib., sirius ardor, of the dogstar, Verg. 

sirpea and sirpia, v. scirpeus. 
sirpiculus = seirpiculus (q.v.). 
sirpus = scirpus (q.v.). 

sir as -i, m. (creipds), a pitor cellar for keeping 
corn, a silo, Plin. 

Sis = si vis, v. 1. volo. . 

Sisapo -oni.s, f. a town in Hisixinia Baetica, 
near which were gold-mines, now Guadalcanal. 

Si senna -ae, m. I. L. Cornelius, a famous 
Roman orator and historian, contemporary of 
Cicero. II. a notorious slanderer in Rome in the 
time of Horace. 

siser -eris, n. (<ri<rapoi'), a plant with an, 
alible root (Sium sisarum, Linn.), Plin. 

sisto, stiti and steti, statuni, 3. (redu- 
plication of sto). I. Transit., A. to cause to 
stand, put, place ; 1, aciem in litore, Verg.; 
alicui jaculuin in ore, to hit on the mouth, Verg. ; 
2, esp., a, legal t. t., sistere se or aliquein, to 
produce, cause to appear before a court of justice, 
Cic; vadimonium sistere, to appear on the <tp- 
pointed day, Cic. ; b, to erect ; efflgiem, Tac. B. 

1, tostop, bring to a stand, check ; a, lit.,legioncs, 
Liv. ; equos, Verg. ; pedem or gradum, Verg. ; 
b, fig., querelas, lacrimas, Ov. ; fugam, Liv. ; 

2, to make firm, settle firmly, establish ; rem 
Roiiianam, Verg. II. Intransit., A. to stand; 
1, gen., Plaut. ; 2, esp., to appear, present one- 
self in court, Cic. B. to stand Still, to halt ; 1, 
lit., ubi sistere detur, Verg.; 2, to stand firm; 
reuipublicam sistere negat posse, Cic; impers. , 
vix concordia sisti posse, one cannot hold out, 
one can stand it no longer, Liv. ; partic, status 
-a -uw, fixed, determined, recurring periodically ; 
dies, Liv. ; saerincium, Cic. 

sistratUS -a -um (sistrum), furnished with a 
sistrum, Mart. 

sistrum -i, n. (o-elo-rpov), a sort of rattle used 
i)L the worship of Isis, Ov. 

sisymbrium -Ii, n. ((no-vp.ppi.ov), an aro- 
matic herb sacred to Venus ; perhaps, mini, Ov. 

Sisyphus (-os) -i, m. (2i<rucpos), a son of 
Aeolus, brotlier of Salmoneus, a king of Corinth, 
a cunning robber, killed by Tlieseus, coiulemned 
in the lower world to roll up hill a great stone 
which constantly fell back. Hence, A. Adj., 
SlsyphlUS -a -um, a, o/or relating to Sisyphus, 
Prop. ; sanguine cretus Sisypliio, Ulysses, Ov. ; 
b, Corinthian, Ov. B. Subst, Sisypludes 
-ae, in. Ulysses, said to be the son of Sisyphus. 

sitanius -a -um (cnj-rai'tos), of this year, this 
year's, Plin. 

Sltella -ae, f. (dim. of situla), an urn, used 
for drawing lots, Liv., Cic 

Sithon -onis, in. (^.iduv), son of Neptune, 



kino in the Thracian Cliersonese. .Hence, A. 
Sitiiqri -5nis, Sithonian ; poet. = Thracian. 
B. Sitbonis -Idis, f., subst., a Thracian 
woman, Ov. C. Sithonius -a -um, Silhonian, 
Thracian; subst., Sithonii -orum, in. the 
Thmcians, Hor. 

siticulosus -a -um (sitis), very dry, parched, 
Hor. 

sitiens, v. sitio. 

sitienter, adv. (sitiens), thirstily, greedily, 
eagerly ; expetere, Cic. 

sitio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (sitis), to thirst, be 
thirsty. I. Intransit., A. 1, lit., Cic. ; prov., 
sitire inediis in uudis, to starve in the midst of 
plenty, Ov.; 2, trausf., a, of plants, the soil, etc., 
to be dry, parched; sitiuut agri, Cic. ; tellus, Ov.; 
b, to suffer from heat, to oe situated in a hot 
climate; Afri sitientes, Verg. B. Fig., to be 
eager; partic, sitiens, thirsting, eager; eo 
gravida avidiusque sitiens, Cic. ; fac venias ad 
sitientes aures, languishing for news, Cic. II. 
Transit. , to thirst for something. A. Lit, Tagum, 
Mart.; pass., aquae sitiuutur, Ov. B. Fig., to 
thirst after, eagerly desire; sanguinem, Cic; 
honores, Cic. ; partic, sitiens, with genit., vir- 
tutis, Cic. 

sitis -is, f. thirst. I. 1, lit., arentibus siti 
faucibus, Liv.; sitim colligeve, to feel thirst, Ov., 
to cause thirst, Verg.; sitim explere, Cic, ex- 
stinguere, Ov., restinguere, Cic, depellere, Cic; 
2, transf., of the earth or of plants, dryness, 
drought; deserta siti regio, Verg. II. Fig., 
thirst, eager desire; libertatis, Cic; argenti, 
Hor. 

Sltitor -oris, in. (sitio), one who thirsls, a 
thirster, Mart. 

sittybos (sittiibos) -i, plur., sittyboe, m. 
(o-ittu/3os = criTTvpov), a strip of parchment on 
which the title of a book was written, Cic. 

situla -ae, f. and sitiilus -i, in. a, a small 
urn for drawing water, Plant.; b, an um used in 
drawing lots, Plaut. 

1. situs -a -um, v. sino. 

2. situs -us, m. (sino). I. the place, site, 
sitiuUion of anything; 1, lit., loci, urbis, Cic; 
plur., situs oppidoruin, castrorum, Caes. ; ter- 
rarum, Cic ; 2, meton., a, situation = building ; 
nionuinentum regali situ pyramidam altius. 
Hor. ; b, a region of the earth, zone, quarter, 
Plin. II. A. 1, lit, situ durescere ciinpuin, 
rest, Verg.; 2, meton., a, want of cultivation ; 
cessat terra situ, Ov.; b, rust, mould, dirt caused 
by remaining in one place; oecupat arma situs, 
Tib.; canescunt tccta situ, Ov.; c,jilti<inessoftlie 
body.Ov. B. Fig., otthumind, rusting, dulncss, 
weakness; marcescere otio situque civitateui, 
Liv. ; seuectus victa situ, Ov. 

sive and seu, conj. I. or if; si omnes de- 
clinabunt, sive aliae declinabunt, Cic. ; me, seu 
corpus spoliatum lumine maris, redde meis, 
Verg. II. With a disjunctive sense ; a, doubled, 
sive . . . sive, seu . . . seu, whether . . . or, if . . . 
or if; sive tu medicuni adhibueris (fut. perf.)sive 
non adhibueris (fut. perf.), Cic. ; sive fecisset sive 
voluisset, Cic ; sive deus sive natura ademerat, 
Cic. ; sive casu, sive consilio deorum, Caes. ; in 
the same sense, sive . . . seu, Verg., Liv. ; seu 
. . . sive, Verg. ; repeated several times, sive . . . 
sive . . . sive, Cic. ; with other disjunct, par- 
ticles, seu . . . aut, Verg. ; withMuterrog. par- 
ticles, -ne . . . seu, Verg. ; sive . . . au, Tac. ; b, 
or; regis Philippi sive Persae, Cic. 

smaragdus -i, m. and f. (viidpay&os), an 
emerald, Lucr. . 

smecticus -a -um ((t^ki-hcos), cleaiising, 
cleaning; vis, Plin, 



sme 



528 



sod 



smegma -atis, n. ((Tpfjyua), a meant of 
cleaning, detergent, Plin. 

smilax -acis, f. (aniAo!). I. bindweed, Plin. 
II. Smilax, a maiden changed into the plant, of 
the same name, Ov. 

Srninthous -6\, m. (SMiffleu?), a surname of 
Apollo, either from <rfitV0o? (in Cretan = mouse), 
the. mouse-killer, or from Smintha (i^ui'St)), a 
town in the Trojan country. 

1. Smyrna -ae, f. (a-fivpua), myrrh, Lucr. 

2. Smyrna -ae, f. (Sfiupra), a famous trading 
toivn in Ionia, one of the places where Homer was 
said to have been born. Hence, Smyrnaeus 
-a -uin, of or belonging to Smyrna. 

smyrrhiza = myrrha, myrrhis (q.v.). 

so boles, soboleseo = suboles, subolesco 
(q.v.). 

sobrie, adv. (sobrius). L moderately, fru- 
nalli/, soberly; vivere, Cic. II. prudently, care- 
fully, Plant. 

sobrletas -atis, f. (sobrius), moderation in 
drinking, sobriety, Sen. 

sobrlna -ae, f. (sobrinus), a cousin on the 
mother's side, Tac. 

sobrinus -i, m. (for Bororinus, from soror), 
a cousin on the mother's side, Cie. 

sobrius -a -um (perhaps =se-ebrius, as socors 
= secors), sober, not intoxicated. I. a, lit., of 
persons, Cie.; b, meton., of inanimate things, 
lympha, Tib.; nox, Prop. II. 1, transf., moderate, 
frugal, continent; homines plane frugi ac sobrii, 
Cic. ; 2, fig., sober-minded, prudent, reasonable, 
cautious; orator, homo, Cic. 

soccatus -a -um (soccus), wearing the saccus, 
Sen. 

socculus -i, m. (dim. of soccus), a little 
soccus, Plin. 

SOCCUS -i, m. (<7u<c,\ l 's> trvyxi'?), a light shoe or 
slipper in use among the Greeks, Cic. ; esp., the 
soccus or low shoe worn by comic actors (as the 
cothurnus was worn by tragic actors) ; hence, 
meton., a, comedy, Hor. ; b, comic style, Hor. 

Socer -Sri, m. (exvpos), a father-in-law, Cic; 
plur., soceri, the father- and mother-in-law, Liv. 

socera = socrus (q.v.). 

socia -ae, f., v. socius. 

sociabllis -e (socio), sociable, easily united 
or joined together ; consortio inter rego.s, Liv. 

socialls -e (socius). I. social, sociable ; homo 
sociale animal, Sen. II. Esp., A. conjugal ; 
amor, Ov. B. of or relating to allies, allied; 
exercitus, Liv. ; bellum, the Social War, Nep. ; 
lex, Cic. 

socialiter, adv. (socialis), sociably, Hor. 

sociennus -i, in. (socius), a companion, com- 
rade, Plant. 

societas -atis, f. (socius). I. society, com- 
pany, comyianionship, fellowship, association; 
honunum inter ipsoa, Cic. ; vitae, Cic; regni, 
Liv. ; sceleris, Cic ; societatem coire, statuere, 
inire.conllare, Cic; venire in societatem laudum 
nlicuius, Cic. II. Esp., 1, commercial partner- 
ship; a, societatem facere, Cic, gerere, Cic; 
.judicium societatis, relating to partnership, Cic. ; 
b, the partnership or company >f the publicani to 
farm the taxes of the provinces ; Bithyuica, Cic; 
2, a political alliance between states ; societatem 
belli facere, Cic. 

SOCIO, 1. (socius). I. to unite, combine, assoc- 
iate, share; vim rerum cum dicendi exercita- 
tione, Cic ; vitae suae periculum cum aliquo, to 
risk one's life with any one, Cic ; sangninem (of 
relationship), Liv.; of things, omne genus homin- 
um sociatum inter se esse, Cic; no* nrbe, domo 



socias, givest vs a share in, Verg. II. Esp., to 
accomplish in company with others ; sociati parte 
laboris fungi, Ov. 

sociofraudus -i, in. (socius and fraudo), 
one who cheats a comrade, Plant. 

socius -a -um (from sequor, or else connected 
with sodalis). I. taking part, sharing in; Bllbst. 
—acompaniuH, comrade, associate, partner, sharer; 
socii penates, Ov. ; socius regni, fellow regent, 
Cic; socius periculorum, Cic; belli, Cic.jainent- 
iae, Cic. ; nocte sociil, under the shelter of night, 
Cie. II. Esp., 1, of relationship, socius san- 
guinis, a brother, Ov. ; 2, of marriage, socius 
tori, a husband, Ov. ; socia tori, Ov., and simply 
socia, Sail., a wife; 3, allied, confederate ; socii 
Carthaginiensium populi, Liv. ; classis socia, 
Ov. ; subst., socius -li, m. on ally; huic 
populo socii fuerunt, Cic; Socii, the Italian 
nations beyond the boundaries of Latium in 
alliance with the Romans, the allies; Socii et 
Latini, Cic ; Socii Latini noniinis, the Latin 
allies, Liv.; 4, in relation to trade, a, a part- 
ner ; judicium pro socio, a judgment in a part- 
nership suit, Cic ; pro socio danmari, to be con- 
demned Jor defrauding apr-rtner, Cic; b, socii = 
the company o/ publicani for the purpose of farm- 
ing the taxes, Cic (genit. plur., socium, Liv., 
Verg.). 

socordia -ae, f. (socors). I. stupidity, folly, 
weakness of intellect, 'Vac. II. carelessness, negli- 
gence, indolence, inactivity, Liv. 

socorditer, adv. only in compar. (socors), 
lazily, slothfully , carelessly ; ab Albanis socordius 
res acta, Liv. 

socors -cordis (se and cor). I. weak-minded, 
stupid, silly, Cic. II. negligent, careless, sloth- 
ful, inactive, Sail. 

so era = socrus (q.v.). 

Socrates -is, m. (2iukp<£tt)?), the famous 
Athenian philosopher, contemporary of Xenophon 
and. Alcibiades, put to death on a charge of im- 
piety and of corrupting the youth by his teaching. 
Adj., Socraticus -a -um, Socratic; chartae, 
philosophy, Hor. Plnr. subst., Socratici 
-6rmn, m. the pupils and followers of Socrates. 

socrus -us, f. (zKvpa), a mother-in-law, Cic. 

sodalicius -a -um (sodalis), of or relit : '-> 
companionship. I. Adj., jure sodalicio, Ov. ..i. 
Subst., sodalicium -ii, n. A. comradeship, 
intimacy, Cat. B. In a bad sense, a secret 
society ; lex Licinia quae est de sodaliciis, Cic. 

sodalis -e, relating to comradeship. I. Adj., 
turba, Ov. II. Subst., sodalis -is, m. A. a 
comrade, intimate associate, companion, mate, 
friend; 1, lit., Cic. ; 2, transf., a, of things, a 
companion, attendant on; sodalis hiemis (of the 
Hebrus), Hor.; b, a sharer with = resembling ; 
sodalis istius erat in hoc inorbo, Cic. B. lisp., 

1, a table companion, a boon-companion, Cic. ; 

2, a member of a club, association, corporal".,} ; 
a, in a good sense, of a college of priests, sibi 
in Lnpercis BOdalem esse, cic. ; esp. of the 
priests of the deified emperor, sodalcs August- 
ales, Tac.; b, in a bad sense, a member of a secret 
and illegal society, Cic (abl., sodali, Cic). 

sodalitas -atis, f. (sodalis). I. companion- 
ship, intimate, association; oliicia sodalitatis 
familial itatisquc, Cic. ; homo sununa sodalitate, 
Cic. II. Esp., 1, a club for feasting, Plin., Cic. ; 
2, a chib, association ; a, in a good sense, a 
religions brotherhood ; quaedam sodalitas Luper- 
corum, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, a secret, illegal 
society, Cic 

sodes (f'>r si ancles), pray, if you please, with 
your leave, prithee ; jube sodes nummos curari, 
Cie. ; me, S9des (so. relinque), Hor. 



?,1 



sol 



529 



sol 



' SOl, solis, m. the sun. I. A. Lit., 1, sol 
praecipitans, inclining towards evening, Cic. ; 
supremo sole, at evening, Hot. ; sol mihi excid- 
isse e mundo videtur, Cic; prov., nonduin 
omnium dierum sol occidit, the sun has not yet 
set for ever, Liv. ; 2, as a proper name, Bol, the 
sun-god, (he Phoebus of the Greeks, father of 
Phaethon, Pasiphae, Circe; filia Solis, Pasiphae, 
Ov. B. Meton., 1, the light, warmth, heat of 
the sun; plur., soles often = sunny days; sol 
liimiiis, Ov. ; nmbulare in sole, Cic.; hence, of 
work done iu the sun (opp. to umbra), a, milit- 
ary service; cedat umbra (i.e., jurisprudent) 
soli, Cic. ; b, appearance in public; procedere 
iu solera et publicum, Cic; 2, the day; ties 
soles erramus, Verg. II. Fig., the sun, of dis- 
tinguished persons, P. Africanus sol alter, Cic ; 
solera Asiae Brutum appellat, Hor. 
solacium = solatium (q.v.). 
solamen -inis, n. (solor), a means of consola- 
tion, comfort, Verg. 
solarium -i, n. the plant nightshade, Plin. 
Solaris -e (sol), of or relating to the sun, 
solar; lumen, Ov. 

solarium -li, n. (sol). A. a sundkd, Plaut. ; 
a much frequented place in the forum, where a 
sundial stood; non ad solarium versatus est, 
Cic. B. a balcony, terrace exposed to the sun, 
Plant. 

solatiolum -i, n. (dim. of solatium), a small 
consolation, Cat. 

solatium (sdlacium) -ii, n. (solor), a con- 
solation, comfort, solace, relief. I. 1, lit., servi- 
tuti.s, Cic. ; solatium atferre or praebere, Cic. ; 
absenti magna solatia dedisse, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
a, a means of help, refuge in need ; annonae, 
Cic. ; b, amends, compensation, Tac. II. Meton., 
= a consoler; aves, solatia runs, Ov. 

solator -oris, m. (solor), a consoler, comforter, 
Tib. 
solatus -a :Uin (sol), sun-struck, Plin. 
SOldurii -orum, m. (a Celtic word), retainers, 
vassals, Caes. 
soldus = solidus (q.v.). 
Bolea -ae, f. (solum). I. a leather sole strapped 
on the foot, a sandal ; soleas poscere (after dinner), 
Hor. II. Transf., a, a species of clog or fetter, 
Cic. ; b, a kind of shoe for animals, not nailed 
on, like our horse-shoes, but tied on, Cat. ; c, a 
fish, the sole, Ov. 

SOleariUS -ii, m. (solea), a sandal-maker, 
Plaut. 
SOleatUS -a -um (solea), wearing sandals, Cic 
solen -enis, m. (awXiji-), a species of mussel, 
the razor-fish, Pliu. 
solennis, solennitas = sollemnis, etc. (q.v.). 
soleo, solitus sum, 2. to be accustomed, be 
used, be wont; with infin., mentiri, Cic; ut 
soleo, ut solet (sc. facere), as is my custom, Cic. ; 
ut solet (sc. fieri), as is the custom, Cic. 
solers, solertia = sollers, sollertia (q.v.). 
Soli (Soloe) -5rum, m. (26Aoi)> a town in 
Vilicia, a Greek colony, native place of the Stoic 
Chrysippus, of Menander, and of the astronomer 
Aratus. 

solide, adv. (solidus). I. firmly, densely, 
solidly, Col. IL surely, certainly ; aliquid scire, 
Plaut. 

solidipes -pSdis (solidus and pes), not divid- 
ing the hoofs, having undivided hoofs, Plin. 

solidltas -atis, f. (solidus), solidity; nee dii 
habent ullam soliditatem nee eminentiam, Cic. 
solido, 1. (solidus). I. a, to make dense, 
solid ; aream creta, Verg. ; b, to make firm ; 



muros, Tac. II. Transf., to join together, as 
make whole, Plin. 



solidus -a -um (Gr. oAos), dense, firyi^ solid. 
I. Lit., gen., a, paries, Cic; subst, solidum 
-i, n., (a) firm ground, Ov.; (fi) a thick body, Verg.; 
b, of metals, massive, solid; crateres auro solidi, 
of massive gold, Verg.; c, firm, hard; ripa, 
Ov. ; adainas, Verg. ; subst., solidum -i, n. 
something firm, Hor. ; solido carere, Cic. ; in solido, 
tig., in safety ; aliquem in solido loeare, Verg. ; 
d, thick, strong; tori Herculis, Ov. II. Transf., 
1, whole, complete, entire; usura, Cic. £ partem 
solido deraere de die, Hor. ; subst, solidum 
-i, n. the wliole sum, Cic. ; 2, firm, enduring, 
real, substantial, solid; laus, Cic; utilitas, Cic. ; 
subst, that which is real or genuine, Hor. ; 3, 
firm, immovable ; mens, Hor. 

sdiifer -fera -ferum (sol and fero), sun-bring- 
ing, Set). 

solifuga -ae, f. (sol and fugio), a kind of 
poisonous ant, Plin. 

solistimum (sollistumum) and sollis- 
tiimum tripudium, the good omen afforded 
when the sacreil chickens ate so eagerly that the 
food fell out of their beaks, Cic. 

sclitarius -a -um (solus), standing alone; 
a, solitary, alone, lonely ; solitarius homo atque 
in agro vitam agens, Cic. ; b, single, alone, by 
itself; quoniam solitaria non posset virtus ad ea 
pervenire, Cic. 

SOlitUdO -inis, f. (solus). I. solitude, loneli- 
ness (opp. frequentia, celebritas) ; loci, Cic. ; in 
solitudine secum loqui, Cic; plur., in animi 
doloribus solitudines captare, Cic. II. a state 
of desertion, deprivation, want ; liberorum, Cic. 
sdlitUS -a -um, p. adj. (from soleo), usual, 
custovwry, wonted, habitual; a, adj., locus,JDy. ; 
solito matrum de more, Verg. ; b, subst, solit- 
um -i, n. that ivhich is usual or customary, 
custom; often with prep., praeter solitum, Hor. ; 
in abl. with compar., major solito, Liv. ; plus 
solito, Liv. 

solium -li, n. I. a chair of state, royal seat, 
throne; a, for kings, regale, Liv.; meton. = 
throne, regal power; in paterno solio loeare, 
Liv. ; b, for the gods in the temples ; deorum 
solio, Cic. ; C, of jurists, an arm-chair, sealed 
in which they gave their opinion; quo minus 
more patrio sedens in solio consulentibus re- 
sponderem, Cic. II. a bathing-tub of stone or 
wood, Suet. IIL a stone coffin, sarcophagus, 
Suet. 

solivagus -a -um (solus and vagus), wander- 
ing alone. L Lit, bestiae, Cic. II. Fig., soli- 
tary, lonely, single ; cognitio, Cic. 

sollemnis (solemnis, solennis) -e(from 
sollus = totus and annus). I. yearly, annual 
(applied to annually recurring festivals); sacia, 
sacrificia. Cic. II. Transf., A. solemn, festive, 
religious '; epulae, ludi, Cic; subst, solenne 
-is, n. a solemn feast, sacrifice, a religious rite; 
sollemne clavi rigendi, Liv.; esp., plur. =the 
sacrificial victims ; extis sollemnibus vesci, Liv. 
B. usual, custonuiry, wonted, common ; laseivia 
militum, Liv.; offlcium, Cic; subst, sollemne 
-is, n. a custom ; nostrum illud solemne serve- 
mus, Cic. 

sollemniter (solemniter, solenni- 
ter), adv. (sollemnis). I. solemnly, religiously ; 
omnia peragero, Liv. II. according to use, cus- 
tom, Plin. 

sollers (solers) ert is (sollus= totns and ars), 
Jit possessed entirely of an art (opp. iners), hence, 
clever, skilful, adroit; a, of persons, agricola, 
Cic -'Ulysses, Ov.; quo quisque est sollertior 
et ingeniosior, hoe, etc., Cic ; sollertissiiuua 



SOI 



530 



sol 



omnium, Sail. ; with infin., Hor. ; with geuit., 
Musa lyrae sellers, Hor.; b, of things, inge- 
nious, intelligent ; nntura, Cic. ; doscriptio, Cic. 
(abl. sing., gen. sollerti ; sollerte, Ov.). 

sollerter (solerter), adv. with compar. 
and superb, cleverly, skilfully, adroitly, Cic. 

sollertia (solertia) -ae, f. (sollers), clever- 
ness, skilfulne?s, inventiveness, adroitness, in- 
genuity; naturae, Cic. ; iugenii. Sail.; with object. 
genii., cogitaudi, jadicandi, Cic; in hac re tauta 
ioest ratio atque sollertia lit, etc., Cic. 

sollicitatio -onis, f. (sollicito), an inciting, 
instigating, instigation, solicitation, Cic. 

sollicito, adv. (solllcitU8),a?mousZ2/, solicit- 
ously, carefully, Plin. 

sollicito, 1. (sollicitus), to move violently, 
sliake, stir, agitate, I. 1, lit., tcllurem, to 
plough, Verg. ; freta remis, Verg. ; spicula, 
Verg.; stamina docto pollice, to touch the strings, 
Ov.; 2, tiansf., to weaken, disturb; mala copia 
aegruiu stomachum, Hor. II. Fig., 1, to dis- 
turb, trouble; pacem, Liv. ; 2, a, to agitate, 
vex, disquiet, annoy; haec cura me sollicitat, 
Cic; sollicitatus Juj>piter, Liv.; b, to stir up, 
incite, instigate to any action, solicit, tamper 
with; (a) in a bad sense, civitates, Caes. ; sol- 
licitatus ab Arvernis pecunia, Caes.; poet., with 
a thing as object, sollicitare judicium donis, seek 
to obtain by bribery, Ov. ; to express the object, 
with ad and the ace, causa and the genit., lit or 
neand thesuhj., poet, iufin., servos ad hospitem 
iiecandum, Cic; dixit se sollicitatum esse, ut 
reguare vellet, Cic; (p) in a good sense, to per- 
suade, solicit, influence, Lucr. 

sollicituflo -inis, f. (sollicitus). uneasiness, 
mental disturbance, anxiety, solicitude, aire, 
trouble; a, sing., cura et sollicitudo, Cic ; with 
object, genit., provincial, about the province, 
Cic ; abstrahere se ab onini sollicitudine, Cic. ; 
deiuere sollicitudinem, Cic; BOllicitudinis ali- 
quid habere, Cic; b, plur., sollicitudines doin- 
estioie, Cic ; habere aliquem sollicitudinum 
socium, Cic. 

sollicitus -a -um (sollus = totus and <io), 
strongly moved, stirred up, agitated. I. Lit., 
physically, mare, Verg. II. Transf., A. poli- 
tically disturbed, Sail. B. mentally disturbed, 
anxious, tin-easy, disturbed, solicitous; a, of the 
mind, anxius animus ant sollicitus, Cic ; b, of 
living beings ; (a) of persons, vehementer sol- 
licitnm esse, Cic; aliquem soil ici turn habere, 
to trouble, Cic ; with prep, or with vicem, 
sollicitum esse de alicuius valetudine, Cic. ; pro 
Aetolis sollicitus, Liv. ; sollicitus propter dilli- 
cultatem locorum, Liv. ; meam vicem sollicitus, 
Liv.; with abl., sollicitus mor teTigelli, Hor.; with 
ne and the subj., quae cruciatur et BoUicita est, 
ne eundem paulo post apoliatum onini dignitate 
conspiciat, Cic. ; (/3) of animals, canes, icatchful, 
Ov. ; c, of things, (a) pass., troubled; in vita 
omnia semper suspecta atque sollicita, Cic. ; (ft) 
act., disquieting, causing trouble; auiores, Verg. 

solliferreum (soliferreum) -i, n. (sollus 
= totus and ferrum), a javelin entirely of iron, 
Liv. 

sollistimus = solistimus (q.v.). 

sollus -a um (Osoan) = totus (q.v.). 

1. solo, 1. (solus), to make solitary, make 
desert, Sen. 

2. Solo = Solon (q.v.). 

Scloe = Soli (q.v.). 

soloccismus -i, m. (o-oAon«a-|u.os), a gram- 
ma'ical error, solecism, Quint. 

Solon (Solo) -6nis, m. (SoAu^), one of the 
.Seven IVise Men of Greece, a famous Athenian 
legislator, living about COO B.C. 



Solonius -a -um, name of a district in 

Latium. 

solor, 1. to comfort, console. I. Lit., inopem, 

Hor. II. Transf., a, to assuage, soothe, relieve, 
mitigate; famem, Verg.; laboreui cantu, Verg.; 
aestum tluviis, Hor.; b, to indemnify, to com- 
pensate, Tac 

SOlstltialis -e (solstitium). I. of or relating 
to the summer solstice ; dies, the longest day, Cic; 
nox, the shortest night, Ov. ; orbis, the tropic of 
Cancer, Cic. II. Meton., A., relating to summer 
or to the warmth of summer ; solstitiali tempore, 
Liv. B. of or relating to the sun, solar; orbis, 
Liv. 

solstitium -li, n. (sol and sisto). I. a 
solstice, Plin. II. Esp., the summer solstice, the 
longest day. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., summer, 
summer-heat ; solstitium pecori defendite, Verg. 

1. solum -i, n. the bottom or lowest part of 
anything. I. Gen., a, lit., fossae, Caes. ; 
clivus ad solum exustus est, Liv. ; b, lig., 
ground, foundation ; solum et quasi fundameu- 
tuui oratoris, locutionein emendatam et Latiiuim, 
Cic. II. Esp., 1, the floor of a room, Cic. ; 2, 
the sole of a foot, Cic. ; 3, of a shoe, Plin. ; 4, 
soil, ground, earth, land ; a, macrum, Cic; prov., 
quodcunque in solum venit, whatever fulls on the 
ground (i.e., whatever comes into one's head), Cic; 
ellipt., ibi loquor, quod in solum, utdicitur, Cic; 
b, soil, country; solum patriae, the soil of one's 
native country, Cic. ; solum vertere, mutare, to 
leave one's country, go into exile, Cic; 5, soil — 
tluU which is underneath ; Cereale, a layer of 
biscuit underneath other food, Verg.; substrah- 
iturque solum (sc uavi), sea, Verg.; astra teneut 
caeleste solum, = heaven, Ov. 

2. solum, adv. (solus), alone, only; a, una 
de re solum est dissensio, Cic ; b, in negat. 
sent., uon solum . . . veruui etiam, not only 
. . . but aha, Cic ; non solum . . . sed etiam, 
Cic. ; non solum . . . sed ne quidem, not only 
. . . but not even, Cic. ; non solum . . . sed 
vix, Cic 

Solutltinus, v. 2. Solus. 

1. solus -a -um, genit. sollus, dat. soli (from 
se), alone, only, sole. I. Gen., solum regnare, 
Cic; solos novein menses, only nine months, 
Cic. II. Of places, solitary, desert, uninhabited; 
quum in locis solis moestus errares, Cic. 

2. Solus -nntis, f. (SoAoik), a- town on the 
north coast of Sicily, east of 1'anormus, now Cas- 
tello di Solanto. Hence, Soluntinus -i, m. an 
inhabitant of Solus. 

soluto, adv. (solutus). I. a, without im- 
pediment, freely; moveri, Cic; b, without diffi- 
culty, easily, Cic. II. carelessly, negligently, 
Cic 

solutilis -e (solutus), easily coming to pieces, 
Suet. 

solutio -onis, f. (solvo). I. a loosening. A. 
Lit., linguae, a loose, ready tongue, Cic. B. Fig., 
1, apaying, payment ; legatorum, Cic. ; 2, solutio 
rerum creditarum, Cic II, dissolution; a, 
totius hominis, Cic; b, explanation, Sen. 

solutus -a -um, p. adj. (from solvo), loosened. 
I. loosened, unbound, free. A. Lit, tunica, 
Quint. B. Fig., unbound, free from fetters, jree, 
independent; 1, in a good sense, a, solutus 
liberque animus, Cic. ; soluta optio eligendi, 
unhindered, Cic. ; with ab and the abl., soluti 
acupiditatibus, Cic; with abl. alone, ambitione, 
Hor.; with genit., famuli operum soluti, Hor.; 
b, free from debt or mortgage, unencumbered; 
praedia, Cic; c, of orators, fluent, ready ; solutus 
atque expeditus ad dioendum, Cic ; d ? of dis- 
course, unbound; (a) free from the tetters of 
metre, prose; soluta oratio (opp. poemata), Cic; 



sol 



531 



Sop 



//3) loose, flowing, not carefully constructed; verba, 
Cic. ; Humeri, of Pindaric poetry, Hor. ; 2, in a 
bad sense, a, unrestrained, unbridled, unchecked, 
dissolute, licentious; libido solutior, Liv.; prae- 
tura, Cic. ; risus, Verg. ; b, lady, sluggish ; 
Titius tarn solutus et mollis in gestu, Cic. ; c, 
negligent, Cic. II. Of soil, loose, loosened; terra, 
Plin. 

solvo, solvi, sSlQtum, 3. (1. se and luo), to 
loosen. I. to loosen, untie, unbind. A. 1, lit., 
fiuieiu a stipite, Ov. ; corollas de nostra frontc, 
Prop.; crines, capillos, Hor.; uodum, Tib. ; 2, 
transf., a, to unbind, release, set free; canem, 
Phaedr. ; equuni senescentem, to unyoke, Hor. ; 
b, transf., to untie, loosen, open; epistolam, Cic; 
ora, open the mouth, Ov. ; c, naut. 1. 1., ancoram, 
navein, to weigh anchor, set sail; so solvere funem, 
Verg. ; absol., naves a terra solverunt, Caes. Bo 
Fig., 1, commercial t. t., to pay or discharge a 
debt; a 3 lit. (a) aliquid; peeuniamdebitam,Cie; 
pro frumento nihil, Cic; solvendo non erat, he 
was insolvent, Cic. ; (/3) aliquem, to pay any one, 
Plaut. ; b, transf., to perform a promise or duty, ful- 
fil an engagement ; si solveris ea quae pollieeris, 
Cic. ; justa paterno funeri, Cic. ; suprema alicui, 
Tae. ; capite poenas, to suffer capital punish- 
ment, Sail. ; 2, to set free, release ; aliquem cura 
et negotio, Cic ; civitatem, rempublicam relig- 
ione, Cic. ; per aes et libram heredes testamenti, 
Cic. ; ut si solvas (if you release from the fetter of 
verse, i.e., turn into prose) " postquam Discordia," 
etc., Hor. II. to break up, to loosen, break in 
pieces. A. 1, lit., a, gen., to break to pieces; 
navem, to dash to pieces, Ov. ; pontem, Tac. ; b, 
to melt, dissolve; nivem, Ov. ; solvuntur viscera, 
putrefy, Verg.; 2, transf., a, to part, separate; 
agmina diductis choris, Verg. ; b, to weaken, 
relax; homines solverat alta quies, Ov. ; sol- 
vuntur frigore membra, Verg. ; solvi morte, or 
solvi alone, to die, Ov. B. Fig., 1, to remove by 
breaking up; a, to bring to an end, terminate; 
injuriam, Sail. ; pass., hiems solvitur, is broken 
up, disappears, Hor. ; b, to break, to violate ; 
traditumaprioribus morem, Liv. ; solventur risu 
tabulae (perhaps = the laws will lose their force, 
but see under tabulae, II. 1.), Hor. ; c, to banish, 
get rid of; pudorem, Verg.; metum corde, Verg. ; 
2, to solve, explain ; juris nodos et legum aenig- 
mata, Juv. ; captiosa, Cic • 

Solymi -drum, m. (SdAu^oi), the earliest in- 
habitants of Lycia, from whom, according to some, 
the Jews were descended, whence the name lliero- 
solyma, Jerusalem. Hence, adj., Solymus -a 
-urn, belonging to Jerusalem or the Jews. 

somniator -oris, m. (somnio), a dreamer, 
Hen. 

somniciilose, adv. (somniculosus), sleepily, 
lazily, Plaut. 

somniculosus -a -urn (somuus), sleepy, 
drowsy, sluggish; senectus, Cic • 

somnifcr -fera -ferum (somnus and fero). I. 
sleep-bringing, sleep-causing; virga (Mercurii), 
Ov. II. narcotic, deadly ; veuenum, Ov. 

somnificus -a -um (somnus and facio), 
bringing or causing sltep, Plin. 

somnio, 1. (somnium), to dream* I. Lit., 
totas noctes, Cic. ; de aliquo, Cic ; with ace, to 
dream of; ovum, Cic ; with accus. and infill., 
ovum pendere ex fascia lecti, Cic. II. Transf., 
to dream, think, or imagine foolishly; porteuta 
lion disserentium philosophorum, sed somnian- 
timn, Cic; with ace (=of, etc.), Trojanum, Cic 
somnium -ii, n. (somnus), a dream; 1, lit., 
per sumnia (in a dream) loqui, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
vain imagination, foolishness, nonsense, Ter. 

somnus -i, m. (for sop -nus, root SOP, 
Vhence sopor and sopio), sleep, slumber. I. 



A. Lit., 1, gen., Endymionis, everlasting, Cic; 
somnum capere non posse, not to be able to sleep, 
Cic. ; somnum tenure, to keep oneself from sleep- 
ing, Cic. ; somnum alicui aft'erre, Cic. ; somuo 
consopiri sempiterno, Cic. ; dare se somuo, Cic. ; 
aliquem ex somuo excitare, Cic. ; in soiunis 
videre, Cic. ; 2, esp., drowsiness, laziness, in- 
activity; somuo nati, Cic; dediti somuo, Sail. 

B. Transf., the sleep of death ; longus, Hor. IL 
Meton., night ; libra die (= diei) somuique pares 
ubi fecerit boras, Verg. 

sonabilis -e (sono), sounding, ressunding ; 
sistrum, Ov. 

sonans -antis, p. adj. (from sono) sounding ; 
concha, Ov. ; of words, ut sint alia (verba) 
souautiora, full-sounding, sonorous, Cic 

Sonax -acis (sono), sounding, resounding, Ov. 

sonchos -i, m. (adyxos), the plant sow-thistle, 
Plin. 

sonipes -pSdis (sonus and pes), sounding 
with the feet ; usually subst., in. the horse, Verg. 

SOnitUS -us, 111. (sono), a sound, noise; 
Olympi, thunder, Verg. ; sonitum reddere, Cic. 

sonivius -a -uin (sono), sounding, only used 
in augury in the phrase soniviuiu tripudiuni, 
the noise of the food falling from tlie beaks of 
the sacred chickens, Cic. 

sono, sOnui, sonitum, 1. (sonus). I. In- 
transit., 1, to sound, resound, make a noise; a, 
sonuerunt tympana, Caes. ; classica sonant, 
Verg. ; sonare iuani voce, to produce an empty 
jingle of words, Cic; with accneut., amnis 
rauca sonans, sounding harshly, Verg. ; b, esp., 
of discourse, to sound; bene, melius, optime 
sonare, Cic. ; 2, to re-echo ; ripae sonant, Verg. 
II. Transit., to sound; 1, a, to produce a sound ; 
inconditis vocibus inchoatum quiddam atque 
peregrinum sonantes, Cic. ; nee vox homineni 
sonat, sounds human, Verg.; b, to betray by a 
sound; furem sonuere juvenci, Prop.; 2, to 
mean; quid souet haec vox, Cic. ; 3, a, to shout, 
cry, sing; euhoe Bacche, Ov. ; b, to sing of; 
bella, Ov. ; c, to celebrate ; atavos et atavorum 
antiqua nomiua, Verg. (fut. partic, sonaturum, 
Hor.). 

sonor -oris, m. (sono), sound, noise, din; 
sonorem dant silvae, Verg. 

sonorus -a -um (sonor), sounding, resonant, 
ringing, loud, sonorous; citliara, Tib.; tem- 
pestas, Verg. 

sons, sontis, guilty, deserving of punishment; 
annua, Verg. ; sanguis, Ov. ; subst., punire 
sontes, the guilty, Cic. 

Sontiates -um, m. a people in Gallia Aqui- 
tania, on the borders of Gallia Celtica. 

sonticus -a -um (sons), dangerous; morbus. 
dangerous (such a disease as forms an excuse foi 
not appearing in a court of law); hence, causa, 
a weighty, serious, important excuse, Tib. 

sonus -i, m. a noise, sound, din. I. 1, lit., 

a, dulcis, Cic; ab acutissimo sono usque ad 
gravissimum sonuni, from the highest treble to the 
deepest bass, Cic. ; inanes sonos fundere, Cic. ; 

b, esp., a word; ticti soni, Ov.; 2, meton., voice, 
spieech ; tunc mens et sonus relapsus, Hor. II, 
Transf., tone, Cic. 

sophia -ae, f. (a-o^i'a), wisdom, Mart. 

sophlsma -atis, n. (<T6</>ur/ia), asophism, Sen. 

sophista -ae, m. and sophistes -ae, m. 
((7o0i(TT7)s), a sophist, a philosopher who taught 
for money eloquence, practical wisdom, the art of 
disputing, etc. ; hence often = a quibbler, char- 
latan, Cic. 

Sophocles -is, ni., voc. Sophocle (So^okA^s), 
the famous Gmk tragic poet. Hence, adj.> 



Sop 532 

urn, Sophoclean, relating to 



eor 



Sophoolous 

Sojmocles, Cic. 

Sophonlba -ae, f. (2o<£o>'i'j3a), daughter of 
Hasdrubal, wife of the Xumidian king, Syphax. 

1. sophus (-os) -i, m. (oro^ot), wise, PJiaedr. ; 
subst, a wise man, Mart. 

2, SophoS (acquis), adv. bravo, well done, 
Mart. 

sdplo -Tvi and -li -Itum, 4. I. to put to sleep, 
hill to sleep; 1, gen., a, of living beings, vino 
oneratos, Liv. ; pervigilcindraconeinherbis.Ov. ; 

partic, sopitus, lulled to sleep ; vigilcs, Lav. ; b, 
transf., of tilings, to lull, quiet ; in pass., sopiri, 
sopitum esse = to slumber, rest; virtus sopita 
sit, Cic. ; ignis sopitus, slumbering vnder the 
ashes, Verg. ; 2, to lull to an eternal sleep, kill; 
quiete sopitus, Lucr. II. Meton., to stun, 
render senseless; impactus ita est saxo, ut sopi- 
rstur, Liv. 

sopor -oris, m. (root SOP, whence sopio and 
soninus), deep sleep. I. Lit., 1, gen., sopor 
aliqnera opprimit, Liv. ; personif., Sopor, the 
god of sleep, Vei-g. ; 2, the sleep of death ; per- 
petuus sopor, Hor. II. Meton., 1, sleepiness, 
laziness, inactivity, Tac. ; 2, a sleeping draught ; 
patri soporem dare, Nep. 

Soporatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from soporo). I. 
sleeping ; hostes, Ov. II. provided with sleep- 
giving power, stupefying; ramus vi scporatus 
Stygia.Verg. 

soporifer -f£ra -fSrum (sopor and fero), 
musing deep sleep, soporific, Verg. 

FGpovo, 1. (sopor), to put to sleep, cast into a 
deep sleep, Plin. 

soporus -a -um (sopor), sleep-bringing ; Nox, 
Verg. 

Sora -ae, f. the most northerly town of the 
Volsci, in, Latium, on tin right bank of the Liris, 
etill called Sora. Hence, Soranus -a -um, 
belonging to Sora. 

Soracte (Sauracte) -is, n. a mountain in 
Etruria, near Home, on which stood a famous 
temple of Apollo, now Monte di S. Silvestro. 

Soranus -a -um, v. Sora. 

soracum -i, n. (crwpaKos), a pannier, hamper, 
Plant. 

sorbeo, sorbui, 2. (root SORB, Gk. FOB, 
whence po^>e<a), to suck up, suck in, drink down, 
to swallow. I. Lit., a, of persons, sanguinem, 
Plin. ; b, of things, Cnarybdis vastos sorbet in 
abruptum fluctus, Verg. ; sorbent avidae prae- 
cordia Mamniae, Ov. II. Fig., odia, to swallow, 
2nd up with, (Jit;. 

1. sorbilo (sorbillo), 1. (dim. of sorbeo), 
to suck in, sip, 'i'cr. 

2. sorbilo, adv. (sorbeo), drop by drop, Plaut. 

sorbitio -Cmis, f. (sorbeo), a draught, po- 
tion, Pers. 

sorbura -i, n. the fruit of the sorbus, a scr~ 
vic'-berry, Verg. 

sorbus -i, f. the service-tree, Plin. 

sordoo, snrdOi, 2. (sordes). I. to be dirty, 
filthy; cunttane prae campo BOrdent? Hor. 
II. Fig., 1, to be mean, sordid in appearance, 
Plaut. ; 2, to be contemptible, be desinsed; adeo 
se suis etiam sorderc, Liv. 

sordes -is, f. and gen. plan, sordes -lum, 
f. dirt, filth. I. 1, lit., a. Bine sordibus ungues, 
Hor. ; in sordibus aurium inhaerescere, Cic; b, 
esp. , soiled or dirty garments, used by mourners and 
persons accused ; sordes lugubres, Cic. ; 2, meton.. 
of persons, O tenebrae, lutum, sordes, Cic. ; apud 
sordem urbis et faecem, the dregs of the people, 
Cic II. Transf., 1, meanness, baseness; hom- 



inis, Cic. ; fortunae et vitae, Cic. ; 2, sordid 
frugality, stinginess, niggardliness; a, rarely in 
sing., nulla in re familiari sordes, Cic. ; b, "gen. 
in plur., mens oppleta sordibus, Cic. 

SOrdeSCO, sordid, 3. (sordeo), to become dirty, 
Hor. 

sordidatus -a -um (sordidus),' wearing 

dirty clothes; a, gen., Cic. ; b, (v. sordes, I. b.), 
clad in mourning, Cic. 

sordide, adv. (sordidus). I. meanly, in a 
low. Nation ; nasci, Tac. II. Transf., a, vulgarly, 
meanly; dicere, Cic; b, sordidly, stingily, Cic. 

sordldulus -a -um (dim. of sordidus), 
somewhat dirty, Juv. 

sordidus -a -um (sordeo), dirty, filthy, un- 
clean. I. Lit., 1, gen., ainictus, Verg. ; niappa, 
Hor. ; 2, in soiled or dirty clothes, as a sign of 
mourning ; squalore sordidus, Cic. II. Transf., 

1, poor, mean, base (in rank or condition), hum- 
ble, small, paltry ; locosordidoortus, Liv. ; icus, 
Cic. ; oratores sordidiorcs, artes sordidiores, 
Cic; ut quisque sordidissimus videbitur, Cic; 

2, mean, base, vile, disgraceful; iste omnium 
turpissimus ct sordidissimus, Cic. ; esp., stingy, 
sordid; homo, Cic; cupido, Hor. 

sorditudo -inis, f. (sordes), dirt, filth, Plaut. 

sorex -icis, m. (vpatj), a shrew-mouse, Plin. 

soricinus -a -um (sorex), of or relating to a 
shrew-mouse, Plaut. 

sorites -ae, m. (cr<upeiY>);), a sorites, a sophism 
formed by accumulation of arguments, Cic (dat., 
soriti, Cic. ; ace sing., soritam, Cic.). 

soror (= sosor, connected with English 
sister, and German sal wester), a sister. I. Lit., 1, 
gen., Cic; Phoebi, Luna, Ov. ; magna soror 
matris Eumenidnm, the earth as sister of night, 
Verg.; plur., Sorores, the Parcae, Ov. ; so ires 
sorores, Hor. ; the Furies, Ov. ; 2, esp. = soror 
patruelis, aunt, Cic, Ov. II. Transf., a, as a 
term of endearment, friend, playmate ; sorores 
meae, Verg. ; b, of things alike or connected, 
e.g., the hair, Cat. 

sororicida -ae, m. (soror and caedo), one 
who murders a sister, Cic. 

sororio, 1. (soror), applied to the female 
breasts, to grow up or swell together, Plin. 

sororlus -a -um (soror), of or relating to a 
sister, sisterly; stupra, incest, Cic. 

sors, sortis, f. (from 1. sero, as fors from 
fern), a lot. I. A. Lit., a, conjicere sortes in 
hydriam, Cic ; or simply, conjicere sortes, Cic. ; 
dejicere sortes, Cic. ; Bors mea exit, comes out, 
Cic; ut sors exeidcrat, Liv.; b, esp., sortes, 
used ;is oracles, verses (from Vergil, etc.), wi itteu 
on leaves and drawn by persons ; sortes ducere, 
Juv. B. Transf., resrevocaturad sortem, Cic. ; 
conjicere in sortem provincias, to cast lots for, Liv. 
II. Meton., 1, an oracular response, prophecy ; 
sors oraculi, Liv. ; sors ad sortes referenda, Cic. ; 

2, official duty ; nunquam afuit nisi sorte, ( ie. ; 

3, a, = part; in nullam sortem bonoruiu nato, 
Liv. ; Saturn i sors prima, first child, Ov. ; b, lot, 
fate, fortune, destiny; neseia mens hominum 
fati Bortisque futurae, Verg. ; illacrimare sortl 
humanae, Liv. ; hence, esp., (a) rank or station of 
a person ; prima, secunda, Liv. ; (/3) sex; altera, 
female, Ov. ; (y) kind ; nova pugnae sors, Verg. ; 

4, money, capital end at interest; sorte caret, 
usuia nee ea solida contentus est, Cic. (archaic 
abl., sorti, Verg.). 

sorticula -ae, f. (dim. of sors), a little lot or 
ticket, Suet. 

*?ortilegus -a -um (sors and lego), prophetic, 
t» i tUar, Hor. Subst., sortilegus -i, m. q, 
soothsayer, fortune-teller, Cic. 



sor 



533 



spe 



BOl'tior, 4. dep. (sors). I. Intransit., to cast 
lots; inter se, Cic. II. Transit., A. to decide 
by lot, cast lots for ; 1, lit., provineiain, Cic; 
consoles sortiti, uter dedicaret, Liv. ; quasi 
8ortiri, quid loquare, Cic ; 2, transf., a, to 
choose, select; suboleni, Verg. ; b, to share, 
divide; regnum in plebem, Liv. B. to gain by 
lot; 1, lit., peregrinam (provineiain), Liv.; 2, 
transf., to gain by fate, to get, receive, obtain; 
mediterranea Asiae, Liv.; amicuni casu, Hor. ; 
sortitus -a -um, .pass., gained by lot, Cic. 

sortltio -dnis, f. (sortior), a casting lots, de- 
ciding by casting lots ; judicum sortitio fit, Cic. 

sortito, adv. (abl. of sortitus, from sortior), 
by lot, Cic. 

sortltor -oris, m. (sortior), one who draws 
lots, Sen. 

1. sortitus -us, m. (sortior), a casting of lots, 
deciding by lot, Cic, Verg. 

2. sortitus -a -um, partic of sortior. 

sdry (sori) -rS3s, n. (rwpu), inkstone, sory, 
Plin. 

sospes -Itis'(root SOS, <ru>s), safe, unhurt, 
uninjured. I. a, of persons, sospites brevi in 
patriam ad parentes restituunt, Liv. ; b, of 
things, navis sqspes'ab ignibus, Hor. II. 
Transf. = lucky, favourable ; enrsus, Hor. 

Sospita -ae, f. (sospes), the Saviour; Juno 
Sospita, a goddess worshipped originally in Imu- 
uvium, afterwards at Home; ilia vestra Sospita, 
Cic. 

SOSpitalis -e (sospes), salutary, Plant. 

sospito, 1. (sospes), to keep safe, preserve; 
suaui progeniem, LH r . 

SOtcr -teris, ace. -tera, m. (aunjp), a saviour, 
Cic_ 

SOteria -5rum, n. (o-idi-rjpia), presents given 
in celebration of a recovery from sickness, Mart. 

Spadix -dieis(o-ira5i|), of the colour of a palm- 
branch with its fruit, chestnut-coloured ; equi.Verg. 

Spado -onis, m. (o-rrd6u>v), a eunuch, Liv. 

spadonius -a -um (spado), unfruitful, pro- 
ducing no seed, Plin. 

sparganion -li, n. (o-rraoydviov), the plant 
burweed, Plin. 

spargo, sparsi, sparsuin, 3. (root SPAR, 
Gr. ^ITAl', whence cnreipio). I, to scatter, strew, 
sprinkle. A. Gen., numinos populo, Cic; nuces, 
Verg. B. Esp., 1, to scatter seeds, to sow; 
semina liuino, Ov. ; fig., animos in corpora, 
Cic. , 2, to throw, hurl, cast ; tela, Verg. ; 3, to 
scatter, disperse, dissipate; a, (a) of things, 
anna (war) per agros, Liv.; hence, to scatter, 
spread abroad, circulate a report ; spargere voces 
in valgum atnbiguas, Verg. ; Argolicas noinen 
per urbes Theseos, Ov. ; (0) of things, to divide, 
distribute; per vias speculators, Liv.; also, to 
disperse, scatter in flight ; spargere se in fugam, 
Liv. ; b, to dissipate property ; spargas tna pro- 
digus, Hor.; c. to tear in pieces; corpora, Ov. 
II. to besprinkle, bestrew ; 1, lit., huiuum foliis, 
Verg. ; 2, transf., a, to bcsjirinkle; aurora 
spargebat lumine terras, Verg.; iig., littcrae 
huinanitatis sale sparsae, Cic ; b, to bedew, 
moisten; lacrima favillam ainici, Hor.; c, to 
dash, speckle; alas coloribus, Verg. 

sparsio -onis, f. (spargo), a sprinkling of 
perfumul waters in the tlteatre, Sen. 

sparsus -a -um, p. adj. (spargo). I. sprcatl 
out, scattered ; crines, dishevelled, Liv. II. 
speckled, coloured, spotted; anguis maculis 
sparsus, Liv. 

Sparta -ae, f. and Sparte -£s, f. (Xndprq), 
Sparta, the capital of Laconia, now Misitra. 
Hence, adj., A. Spar t anus -a -um, Spartan ; 



subst., Spartanus -/', m. a Spartan. B. 
Spartlcus -a -urn, Spartan. C. Subst., Spar- 
tiates -ae, in. a Spartan. 

Spartacus -i, m. a gladiator, by birth a 
Thracian, head of the Gladiatorial War against 
the Romans, 73-71 B.C., defeated by Crassus. 

spar tar his -a -um (spartum), bearing esparto 
grass, Plin. ; pi :;-. subst., spartaria -uruin.n. 
(sc loca), places where esparto grass grows, Plin. 

Spartum (-on) -i, n. (a-irdprov), 1, a kind 
of grass, esparto grass, Liv., Plin.; 2, rope made 
of esparto grass, Plin. 

spariilus -1, m. (dim. of sparus), a kind of 
fish, a bream, Ov. 

sparus -i, m. and sparum -i, n. a small 
curved spear or juvelin, a hunting-spear, Verg.. 
Sail. 

spasmus -i, m. (crn-ao-^ds), and spasma 
-atis, n. (aTrdcrp.a), a cramp, spasm, Plin. 

spastlCUS -a -um {<jira.o-ri.K6s), seized with 
cramp or spasm, Plin. 

spatha -ae, f. (crn-aflij). I. a wooden instru- 
ment for stirring or mixing, a spatula, Plin. 
II. an instrument of like shape used by weavers, 
Sen. Ill, a broad two-edged sword witlwut 
point, Tac. IV. the pedicle of the leaf or flower 
of a palm-tree, Plin. V. a kind of pine or fir, 
also called elate, Plin. 

spatior, 1. dep. (spatiuni), to walk, walk 
about, to take a walk, to promenade ; in xysto, 
Cic; in sicca arena, Verg.; transf., of things, 
to spread out, expand; alae spatiantes, Ov. 

spatiosc, adv. (spatiosus). I. a, widely, 
extensively, Plin.; b, greatly; spatiosius in- 
crevit flumen, Ov. II. Fig., of time, long, Prop. 

spatiosus -a -um (spatium). I. occupying 
much space, wide, s]xicious, large; taurus, Ov. 
II. Fig., of time, long ; uox, Ov. 

spatium -li, n. (a-na.Bi.ov Dorian = rrrdSiov), 
space, distance, or extension in length and 
breadth. I. A. Gen., spatia locorum, Caes. ; 
caeli spatium, Verg. B. Esp., space or distance 
between two points; 1, a, distance, interval; 
paribus spatiis intennissae trabes, Caes. ; b, 
circumference, size, length; oris et colli, Ov. ; 
2, a, tract, extent, course; longum spatiuni 
itineris, Caes. ; eadem spatia quinque stellae 
conficiunt, Cic. ; b, Vie course in a race ; spatia 
corripere, Verg.; tig., quasi deenrso spatio, Cic; 
c, (4 walk; (a) duobus spatiis tribnsve factis, 
Cic; (0) a place for walking in, walk, promenade; 
spatia silvestria, Cic. II. Transf., of time, 
A. Gen., a, a division or space of time, time; 
spatium preteriti temporis, Cic. ; hoc interim 
spatio, Cic; b, duration of time, length of time; 
spatio pugnae defatigati, Caes. B. Esp., 1, 
the time fixed for any action, time, leisure, oppor- 
tunity ; nisi tempus et spatium datum sit, Cic. ; 
irae spatium dare, give tlie reins to, Liv. ; si 
mihi aliquid spatii ad scribenduin dareut, Cic. ; 
2, metrical time, measure, quantity, Cic. 

spccialis -e (species), individual, particular, 
sjKcial, Quint. 

species -ei, f. (specioj. I. Act., a seeing, 
sight, view, look; speciem aliquo vertere, Lucr. 
II. Pass.= l, sight, look, apjiearance, s)>cciem 
boni viri prae se ferre, Cic. ; speciem ridentis 
praebere, Liv.; 2, form, figure, esp. of imposing 
appearance ; lminaiia, Cic. ; divina, Liv. ; 3, 
beautiful form, beauty ; vaccae, Ov. ; esp. of 
outward ornament, glitter, splendour ; triumpho 
maximum speciem captivaarraa praebuere, Liv.; 
4, that which a man sees mentally; a, model, 
ideal ; eloquentiae, Cic ; b, idea, conception, 
notion ; boni viri, Cic. ; c, a vision seen in a 
dream, a dream, phantom; consuli visa species 



sp6 



534 



spe 



Viri, Liv. ; d, appearance, show ; speciem uti- 
litatis habere, Cic. ; specie, in appearance, Cic. ; 
ad speciem, for the sake of outward show (to de- 
ceive), Cic; 5, a statue, representation, image, 
Cic. ; 6, a kind, species, division of a genus, Cic. 
(gen it. and dat. plur. not used by classical 
authors). 

specillum -i, n. (specio), a suraeon's probe, 
Cic. 

specimen -inis, n. (specio), that by which a 
thing is known, mark, token, sample, speciyncn. 
I. Lit, ingenii, Cic; justitiao, Liv. II. Transf., 
a pattern, example, ideal ; prudential, Cic. ; num 
dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat 
ex optima quaque natura, Cic. (only used in 
the sing.). 

specio (spicio), spexi, spectum (o-kcVtw), 
to look at, behold, see, Plant. 

speciose, adv.(speciosus), beautifully, splen- 
didly, handsomely, showily ; speciositis instratus 
equus quam uxor vestita,' Liv. 

speciosus -a -tun (species). I. beautiful, 
splendid, handsome ; niuiier, Ov. ; hence, a, 
dazzling, well-sounding; nomina, Tac. ; b, im- 
posing, distinguished; opes, Tac; exeinplmn, 
Liv. It. plausible, specious; vocabula, Ilor. ; 
titulus, Liv. ; with '2. supine, si vera potius 
quam dictu speciosa dicenda sunt, Liv. 

spectabilis -e (specto), 1, visible ; corpus, 
Cic. ; 2, worth seeing, notable, remarkable ; 
heros, Ov. 

spcctaculum -i, n. (specto), a sight, show, 
spectacle. I. Gen., luctuosmn, Cic. ; reruni 
caelestium, Cic ; alicui specticulum praebere, 
Cic; spectaculo esse, Cic II. Esp., a spectacle 
in the theatre or circus; 1, lit., specticulum 
apparatissimum, Cic; gladiatorum, Liv.; 2, 
meton., a place from which or where one can see 
a spectacle; gen. plur., spectacnla ; a, the stage, 
the seats ; spectacnla sunt tributim data, Cic. ; 
b, the theatre, Suet. 

spectamen -inis, n. (specto), a sign, token, 
pooof, Plaut. 

spectate, adv., but only in superl. (spee- 
tatns), admirably, excellently, Plin. 

spectatio -onis, f. (specto), a looking at, 
beholding, viewing. I. Gen., apparatus, Cic. ; 
aninmin spectatione levari, Cic. II. the in- 
spection, testing of money, Cic 

spectativus -a -um (specto), contemplative 
(opp. activus), theoretical, Quint. 

spectator -Sria, m. (specto). I. one who 
belwlds, contemplates, a spectator, observer; a, 
quasi spectatores supeiarum reruin ntque cael- 
estium, Cic. ; b, a spectator at the theatre or 
public games, Cic. II. an, inspector, examiner; 
formarum, connoisseur, Ter. ; acrior vlrtutis 
spectator ac judex, Liv. 

• spectatrix -tricis, f. (spectator), a female 
spectator, beholder, observer, Ov. 

spectatus -a -um, p. adj. (from specto). 
I. proved, approved, tried ; homo, Cic. ; castitas, 
Liv. II. Esp., of tried abilities, excellent, re- 
spected, renowned; vir specUtissiinus, Cic. 

Spectlo -onis, f. (specio), the right of ob- 
serving the auspices appertaining to certain of 
the higher magistrates ; nos (augures) nuntiat- 
ionern solum habemus, consules et reliqui 
magistratus etiam spectionem, Cic 

specto, 1. (intens. of specio), to look at care- 
fully, contemplate, observe. I. Lit, A. Gen., 
aliquid, Cic ; tota domus quae spectat in nos 
solos, Cic; spectatumne hue veniinns? Liv. 
B. Esp., 1, to be a spectator of a spectacle or 
ptoy, to look at, look on at; fabul.nm, ludos, 
Hor. ; Megalesia, Cic. ; 2, a, to look at with 



wonder; gaude quod spectant oculi te mille 
loquentem, Ilor.; b, to look at for the ptirj 
examining or testing, to test, to examine; spect- 
ator in ignibus auruni, Ov. ; fig., hunc igni 
spectatuin arbitrantur, tried by fire, Cic ; 3, of 
places, to look towards, lie towards, be situate 
towards; collis ad orientem solem spectabat, 
Caes.; spectarein Etruriain, Liv.; spectare inter 
occasum solis et septentriones, Caes. II. Fi.u'., 
A. to look at, contemplate, observe; voluptatcs 
procul specto, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to lonk to as 
an aim or object, bear in mind, hare a regard la. 
strive after; a, of persons, magna, Cic; ea 
quae sunt in usu vitaquc coiumuni, Cic; fugani, 
Cic; with ut and the subj.. spectavi semper nt 
possem, etc., Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad 
imperatorias laudes, Cic. ; b, transf., to tend to, 
incline to ; ad pernieicm, Cic; ad bene beateque 
vivendum, Cic; quo igitur liaec spectat oratio? 
what is the aim (or tendency) of tl is speech ? Cic. ; 
2, to judge, test; aliquem ex trimco corporis, 
Cic ; non ex singulis vocibns philosophi spect- 
a; cli sunt, Cic. 

spectrum -i, n. (specio), the appearance, 
image, of anything, spectre, apparition, Cic 

1. specula -ae, f. (specio). I. a watch-tower ; 
speculas per promunturia omnia ponere, Liv. ; 
multo ante taniquam ex specula prospexi tempes- 
tatein futuram, Cic; tig., homines in speculis 
sunt, on the, watch, Cic II. Transf., in speculis, 
any lofty place, Verg. 

2. specula -ae, f. (dim. of spes), a little 
hope; qui aliquid ex eius sennone speculae de- 
gustarat, Cic. 

speciilabundus -a -um (speculor), watch- 
ing, on the watch, Tac. 

speciilaris -e (speculum), of or relating to a 
mirror, Sen. ; lapis, a species of transparent stone, 
talc, Plin. Subst., specuiaria -lumand -drum, 
n. window-panes made, of talc, Plin. 

speculator -Oris, m. (speculor). I. a looker- 
out, scout, spy, Caes., Cic II. Transf., an ob- 
server, investigator ; naturae, Cic. 

speculatorius -a -um (speculator), of or 
relating to a looker-out ov scout ; navigia, Caes. ; 
naves, Liv., and subst., speculatoriae, vessels on 
the look-out, spy-boats, Liv. 

spectilatrix -Icis, f. (speculator), she that 
' res, a looker-out, observer, watcher; Purine 
surit speculatrices et vindices facinorum et 
Si ' I i am, Cic 

speculor, 1. dep. (specio). I. Iutransit., 
tosjiy, to look about; unde sedens partes specu- 
lator in oinnes, Ov. II. Transit., to look out, 
spy out, watch, observe, explore; omnia, Cic; 
loea, Cic. ; alicuius consilia, Sail. ; with rel. 
sent., quae fortuna esset, Liv. 

speculum -i, n. (specio), a mirror (made of 
glittering plates of metal). I. Lit., speculornm 
levitas, Cic. ; speculo placere, to be brilliantly 
adorned, Ov. ; speculum suuin consnlere, Ov. ; 
se speculo videre altcruin, Hor. II. Fig. = mi. 
image, copy; quae (parvoa et bestias) putat esse 
specula naturae, Cic. 

specus -us, m. f. and n. (o-n-eos), a care. I. 
Lit., a, a natural rave, Hor., Liv. ; horrendum, 
Verg. ; b, an artificial care, u:cavation ; (a) in 
defossis specubus, Verg. ; (£) a covered water- 
course, culvert; suhtenanei, Cic. II. Transf., 
a hole, hollow; vulncris, Verg. 

spclaeum -i, n. (<nrq\a.t.ov), a cave, grotto, 
hole, den; ferarum, Verg. 

spelunca -ae, f. (o-mjAv-yf), a cave, grotto, 
Cic, Verg. 

spcrabilis -e (spero), that may be hojied for, 

Plant. 



Spe 



535 



spi 



Spercheos (cheus) ami Sperchios 
(-chius) -i, 111. (Sn-fp_xet(5s), a river in Thessaly. 
Hence, A. Spercheis -Stdis, f. of Spercheus. 
B. Sperchiouides -ae, m. a person who lives 
near the Spercheus. C. Sperchiae -arum, f. 
a town in the valley of the Spercheus. 

sperno, sprevi, spretum, 3. I. to separate, 
remove, Plaut, II. Tiansf., to reject, to despise, 
contemn, scorn, spurn; nos sprevitet pro niliilo 
putavit, Cie. ; voluptatem, Uor. ; poet, with 
infln., ncc partem solido demcre do die spernit, 
I lor. ; partic, spretUS -a -ran, despised, Cic., 
Liv. 

spero, 1. to look for, to expect. I. to expect 
something favourable, to hope, hope for, promise 
oneself, flatter oneself; bene or recte, to have good 
hopes, Cic. ; ut spero (in a parenthesis), Cic. ; de 
aliqua re, Cic. ; pacem, Cic. ; in pass., sperata 
gloria, Cic. ; with ace. and fut. iniin., sperantse 
maximum fructum esse capturos, Cic. ; more 
rarely with pres. or perf. iiifln. (when there is 
no reference to the future), spero ex hoc ipso 
non esse obscurum, Cic. ; de nostra Tullia spero 
cum Crassipede nos confecisse, Cic. ; with ut 
and the subj., Liv. ; partic. as subst., sperata 
-orum, n. one's hopes ; potiri speratis, to realise 
ones hopes, Liv. II. Like {Atr'^u, to expect some- 
thing unfavourable, to forebode, fear; id quod 
non spero, Cic. ; with aec. and infln., haec spero 
vobis molesta videri, Cic. 

spes -ei, f. (root SPE, whence spero). I. 
hope; 1, lit., a, spes est exspectatio boni, Cic. ; 
spes emptionis, Cic. ; summae spei aduleseentes, 
of great promise, Caes. ; spes est in vobis, rests 
on you, Cic. ; omnem spein salutis in virtute 
ponere, Caes. ; spem habere, in spem venire, in- 
gredi, adduci, spes me tenet, I hope, foil, by ace. 
and inlin., Cic. ; si spem atlerunt ut, etc., Cic. ; 
spe duci, witli arc. and inlin., Cic. ; spem alicui 
dare, to infuse, Cic. ; pax fuit in spe, was hoped 
for, Cic. ; spein abscidere, Liv., praecidere, 
Cic, fallcre, Cic, eripcre, Cic, adimere, Cic, 
pen! ere, Cic ; praeter spein, Cic. ; contra spem, 
Liv.; plur., spes, Liv. ; b, personif., Spes, Hope 
as a goddess, with several temples in Rome, and 
a festival on the 1st of August; 2, meton., that 
which is hoped for, hope ; spe potitur, realises his 
hope, Ov. ; castra Achivom, vestras spes, nritis, 
Verg. ; of living beings, spes gregis, Verg. ; spes 
nostra reliqua, Cicero, Cic. II. expectation of, 
fear of, foreboding ; mala res, spe multo asperior, 
Sail. 



speusticus 
haste, Hin 



-um (o-TrtucTTiKo?), made in 



sphaera -ae, f. (o-iptupa), a globe, sphere. I. 
Gen., Cic. II. a, an astronomical globe or sphere, 
Cic. ; b, the orbit of planets, Cic. 

sphaeristerium -ii, n. (o-ipaipiorijpioj'), a 
place for playing ball, Plin. 

sphaeromachia -ae, f. (a-^aipo/xax'a), n 
kind of boxing in which the. combatants had iron 
bulls-strapped to their hands, Sen. 

sphagnos -i, m. (cn/iayi/os), a kind of aro- 
matic moss, Plin. 

sphingion 

Plin. 

Sphinx, Sphingis, f. (2<pi'y£), a female mon- 
ster at Thebes, who proposed riddles to all the 
pisser.<-by, and destroyed them if they could not 
answer the riddles; represented among the 
Egyptians as a winged lion with a human head, 
among the Greeks and Romans as an unwinged 
lion with the head and breast of a maiden. 

sphragis -Mis, f. (o-^pnyi's). I. a species of 
stone used/or seals, Plin. II. Lemnian earth, so 
tailed because sold with a seal on it, Plin. 



n. (o-Qiyyiov), a species of ape, 



Spica -ae, f., spious -i, m., and spicum 

-i, n. (from same root as spi-na) ; lit., a spike; 
hence, an ear of corn. I. Lit., ad spicam per- 
ducere fruges, Cic II. Transf., a, the brightest 
star in the constellation Virgo, Cic. ; D, the tuft or 
head of other plants resembling the shape of an 
ear of corn, Ov. 

spiceus -a -um (spica), consisting of ears oj 
corn ; corona, Tib. ; serta, Ov. 

spicifer -fera- fcruin (spica and fero), wearing 
or carrying cars of corn, Mart. 

spicilegium -ii, n. (spica and lego), a glean- 
ing, Varr. 

spico, 1. (spica), to furnish with spikes or 
ears, Plin.; partic, spicatus -a -urn, having 
spikes or ears ; herbae apicatae, Plin. 

spiculo, 1. (spiculum), to make pointed, 
sharpen to a point, Plin. 

spiculum -i, n. (spicum), a sharp point, 
sting; a, lit., of bees, Verg.; of the scorpion, 
Ov.'; the point of a spear, arrow, javelin, Cic, 
Liv., Hor. ; b, poet., meton. = a si>ear, javelin, 
Verg., Ov. 
spicum, spicus = spica (q.v.). 
spina -ae, f. (from same root as spica). I. a 
thorn. A. Lit., Verg. B. Fig., a, spinae scares, 
anxieties ; spinas animo evellere, Hor. ; b, diffi- 
culties, subtleties, perplexities; disserendi, Cic. 
II. Tiansf., 1, the prickle or spins of certain 
animals, the hedgehog, sea-urchin, etc., Cic; 2, 
the backbone, Varr. ; 3, a fish-bone, Ov. 
spinca -ae, f. = spionia (q.v.). 
spinetum -I, n. (spina), a thorn-hedge, thorn- 
busk (only used in plur.), Verg. 

spinous -a -um (spina), made of thorns, 
thorny, Ov. 

spiniger -gSra -gerinn (spina and gero), 
thorn-bearing, Cic. poet. 

spinosus -a -urn (spina). I. full of thorns, 
thorny, prickly, Ov. II. Fig., a, of discourse, 
thorny, crabbed, obscure ; disserendi genus, Cic; 
b, full of cares, anxiety, Cat. 

spinter -eris, n. (o-<£ ty kt>!p), a bracelet, 
armlet, Plaut. 
spinus -i, m. (spina), the blackthorn, Verg. 
spionia -ae, f. a kind of vine, Plin. 
spira -ae, f. (crimpa), a nyth ing coiled, wreathed, 
twisted. I. Gen., the winding of a snake, Verg. 
II. Esp., 1, the base of a column, Plin.; 2, a 
string for fastening a hat or cap under the chin, 
Juv. 

spirabllis -e (spiro). I. that may be breathed ; 
a, natnra, cui noinen est aer, Cic; b, sustaining 
life, vital ; lumen caeli, Verg. II. fitted for 
breathing; viscera, Plin. 

spiraculum -i, n. (spiro), an air-hole, 
breathing-place, Verg. 

spiraea -ae, f. (<rimpaia), thejn'ant meadow- 
sweet, Plin. 

spiramen -inis, n. (spiro), a breathing-hole, 
air-hole, Lucan. 

spiramentum -i, n. (spiro). I. a breathing- 
hole, air-hole, Verg. II. breathing; meton., a 
breathing-time, short pause, interval; temporum, 
Tac 

spiritUS -us, m. (spiro), breathing. I. 1, a 
gentle blowing, breath of air, air in gentlemotion ; 
spiritus Boreae, Verg. ; 2, the breathing in oj 
the air, breath ; spirituin ducere, to draw breath, 
Cie. ; 3, breath ; anguatior, short breath, Cic ; 
esp., tlie breath of life, life; spirituin auferre, 
Cic. ; extremum spirituin effundere in victoria, 
Cic. ; hence, a, a sigh, Hor., Prop. ; b, the 
hissing of a snake, Verg.; c, the voice, Quint.; 



spi 



536 



spo 



d, tm air, Lucr. II. the spirit, soul. A. dum 
spirit us hos regit artus, Verg. B. Fig., 1, a 
haughty spirit, pride, arrogance, high spirit, 
courage; filia Hieronis, iufiata muliebri spiritu, 
Liv.; spiritus tribunicii, Cic; remittere spiritus, 
Cic; 2, opinion, fueling, Liv.; 3, irritation, 
animosity, Tac. ; 4, divine or poetic inspiration ; 
divinus, Liv.; carent libri spiritu illo, etc., Cic. 
spiro, 1. I. Intransit., 1, to blow gently, 
How, breathe; zephyri spirant, Verg.; 2, to 
breathe ; poet. = to rush, to foam, ferment, roar ; 
freta sphantia, Verg. ; spirat e pectore flamma, 
Verg. ; with abl., spirare ignibus, to breathe out 
/lame, Verg.; 3, to breathe, to draw in breath; 
dum spirare potero, Cic. ; lience transf., a, to live, 
l>e alive; ab eo spirante defendi, Cic. ; videtur 
Laelii mens spirare in scriptis, Cic. ; b, to seem 
to live : of works of art, to be depicted to the life, 
to breathe; Bpirantia sigua, Verg.; c, to have 
poetic inspiration, to be inspired ; quod spiro et 
placeo tuuin est, Hor. ; 4,' to breathe, to smell; 
thymbra graviter spiralis, Verg. II. Transit., 
1, tobreathe, exhale ;Diomedisequi spirantes nar- 
ibua ignem, Lucr. ; flammas spirantes, breathing 
forth flames, Liv. ; spirare ignem naribus, Verg.'; 
tunc immensa cavi spirant mendaeia folles, 
Juv. ; transf., homo trilmnatum etiamnunc 
spiralis, inspired with the spirit of a tribune, Liv. ; 
tragicuin satis, to have tragic genius, Hor.; 2, 
to exhale, give forth; divinum vertice odorein, 
Verg. 

spiss amentum -i, n. (spisso), a stopper, 
plug, Sen. 

spisse, adv. (spissus). I. densely, closely, 
Plin. II. slowly; spisse atque vixadaliquem 
pervenire, Cic. 

Bpissesco, 3. (spissus), to become th ick, thicken, 
Lucr. 

spissigradus -a -urn (spisse and gradioi), 
uviking slowly ^ Plant. 

pptasltas -atis, f. (spissus), closeness, density, 
Plin. 

spissitudo -Inis, f. (spissus), closeness, 
density, Sen. 

spisso, 1. (spissus), to make thick, thicken, Ov. 

SplSSUS -a -um, close, dense, thick. I. Lit., 
mi lies, Ov. ; theatrnin, full, Urn-. ; arena, Verg. ; 
with aid., Corona spissa viris, Verg. II. Transf., 
slow, tardy, difficult; opus spissum et operosum, 
Cic; exitus spissi et product!, Cic. 

spithama -ae, f. (cnriOci/u/), a span, Plin. 

splen, splenic, m. (crn-A^), the spleen, milt, 
Plin. 

splendeo, 2. to shine, glitter, be bright. I. 
Lit., splendet tremulosub liunine nonius, Verg. 
II. Fig., to be bright, illustrious ; virtus splendet 
per sese semper, Cic. 

splcndesco -dfii, 3. (splendco), to become 
bright. I. Lit, Verg. II. Fig., nihil est tain 
incultum, quod non splendescat oratione, Cic. 

splendid e, adv. (splendidus). I, splendidly, 
magnificently; ornare convivinm, Cic; acta 
aetas honeste ac splendide, Cic. II. clearly, 
plainly ; loqui, Cic. 

splendidus -a -um (splendeo), shining, 
bright, brilliant, splendid. I. A. Lit, fons 
Bplendidior vitro, Hor.; brachia, Ov. ; splendi- 
dissimus candor, Cic. B. Fig., a, well-sounding ; 
nomeu, Cic. ; b, brilliant, fine; oratio, Cic. ; c, 
illustrious, distinguished, renowned; eques, Cic. 
II. Transr., clear; vox, Cic. 

splendor -oris, m. (splendeo), brilliance, 
brightness, lustre. I. A. Lit,., flauimae, Ov. ; 
argenti, Hor. B. Fig., a, s^ilenilour, magnifi- 
cence; omnia ad gloriam splendoremque rcvoc- 
are, Cic; b, splendour, lustre, honour, distinc- 



tion ; animi et vitae, Cic. ; suuimoi um liontintim, 
Cic; eo negotio M. Catonis splcndorein miicul- 

are, Cic; c, ornament, honour; ordinis, Lie. 
II. Transf., clearness; vocis, Cic. 

spleniatus .-a -um (splenium), plastered, 
Marc. 

SpleniCUS -a -um (ctttAtjwkos), splenetic, Plin. 
splenium -ii, n. (<m\riviov). I. spleenwort, 
Plin. II. on adhesive plaster, Mart. 

Spodium -Ii, n. (o-rro&wv). I. the dros< of 

metals, slag, Plin. II. ashes, Plin. 

spodos -i, f. ((Tno&6s), the dross of metals, sluT, 
Plin. 

Spoletium -ii, n. one nf the most important 
towns of Umbria, now Spoleto. Hence, Spole- 
tinus -a -um, of or belonging to Spoletium, 
Spoletian. 

snoliarlum -ii, n. (spolium). I. the place 
in the amphitheatre where the. slain gladiators 
were stripped of their arms and clothing, Sen. II. 
Transf., a deii of robbers, Sen. 

SpoliatlO -onis, f. (spolio), a plundering, 
spoliation ; omnium rerum, Cic. ; sacroruin, Cic. ; 
transf., violent taking away ; eonsulatus, Cic; 
dignitatis, Cic 

spoliator -oris, m. (spolio), a plunderer; 

monunientorum, Cic. ; temploruni, Liv. 

spoliatrix -trleis, f. (spoliator), plundering, 

she that plunders ; Venus, Cic. 

spoliatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (from 
spolio), plundered, Cic. 

spolio, 1. (spolium). I. to rob a v\an of his 
clothes, strip, despoil; aliquem, Cic; corpus 
caesi hostis, Liv. II. to plunder, rob, despoil ; 
fana socioruin, Cic; hominem, Cic; with aid., 
aliquem argento, Cic; poet., with ace of re- 
spect, hiems spoliata suos capillos, Ov. 

spdllum -li, n. I. the skin or hide st rijiped 
from an animal ; leonis, Ov. II. Transf., gun. 
plnr., 1, firms taken from an enemy, booty (opp. 
praeda = cattle, etc.), spolia caesoruin legere, 
Liv. ; spolia opima (v. opimus); meton. = vic- 
tory; spolia ampla referre, Verg. ; 2, transf., 
booty ; a, booty or plunder taken from an enemy, 
s]ioil ; spolia 'classinin, Cic; b, any kind of 
plunder or booty; aliorum spoliis nostras facili- 
tates angeamns, Cic. ; Bcelci'is, the golden hair 
which Scylla robbed from her father, Ov. 

sponda -ae, f. I. the frame of a bed or sofa, 
bedstead, Ov. II. Meton., a, a bed, Hor. ; b, 
a sofa, Verg. ; c, a bier, Mart. 

spondalium (spondaullum) -ii, n. a 
sacrificial hymn, accompanied on the flute, Cic 

spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, 2. (root 
BPOND, Gr. 2UENA, owfiu). to pledge oneself, 

promise solemnly , engage ; a, political and legfllt.t. 
of alliances, contracts, etc., quis spopondisse 
niedicit? Cic ; with arc, quod spopondit, Cic. ; 
illis Bpondere pacem, Liv. ; with ace. and infln., 
si spopondissemus urbem banc reliuturum 
populuui Romannm, Liv.; b, to be a security or 
'■ 'iitnlee for any one; sc quisque paratum ad 
spondendum Icilio ostendere, Liv. ; hie sponsum 
(supine) vocat, Hor. ; with pro and tlie abl., 
pro multis, Cic. ; c, topromise, betroth a daugh- 
ter, Ter., Plant. ; partic subst., sponsus -i, 
ni. a bridegroom, and sponsa -ae, f. a bride, 
Cic. ; d, to promise, vow ; (a) of persons, with 
ace iis honores et praemia, Cic ; with neut. 
ace and dc with the abl., quod de me tibi 
Bpondere possum, Cic. ; with ace and infin., 
protnitto, recipio. spondeo C. Caesarem talem 
semper fore civemqualis, etc., Cic. ; 09), transf., 
of things, quod propediem futurum spondet et 
virtus et fortuna vestra, Liv. 



spo 



537 



squ 



spondeus (spondius) -i, m. (o-n-oi'Seios), 

a spondee ; a metrical foot consisting of two long 
syllables ( — ), Cic. 

spondyle -es, f. ((nroiSvkn), an insect that 
lives upon roots, Plin. 

spondylium -ii, n. (o-noM\iov)', bear's-foot, 
Plin. 

spondylus -i, m. (o-7rdv5v\os). I. one of the 
upper vertebrae of the back, Plin. II. the fleshy 
part of the oyster or mussel, Plin. III. a kind of 
mussel, Plin. 

spongia (spongea) -ae, f. (o-noyyia), a 
sponge. I. Lit., raritas quaedam et nssimilis 
spongiis mollitudo, Cic. II. Transf., 1, an 
open-worked cuirass, Liv. ; 2, the roots of the 
asparagus, Plin. ; 3, spongiae, pieces of iron 
melted together, Plin. 

spongiola -ae, f. (spongia), the gall-apple 
which grows ujjon rose-trees, Plin. 

sponglOSUS -a -uni (spongia), porous, spongy, 
Plin. 

spongitis -Idis, f. (enroyyiTts), a kind of 
precious stone, Plin. 

spoils, spontis, f. (from spondeo, as fors 
from fero), free-will; only found in genit. and 
abl. I. Abl., sponte alicuius, with the free-will 
of some one; sponte Antonii, Tae. ; gen., sponte 
mea, tua, sua, etc., or simply sponte; a, of my, 
thy, his, etc., free-will, voluntarily, of one's own, 
accord, willingly, freely; mea. sponte feceram, 
Cic. ; b, of oneself, of one's own knowledge; 
neque id mea sponte (prospexi), Cic; c, of 
oneself alone, without assistance; nee sua sponte 
sed eorum auxilio, Cic. ; d, of itself, merely, 
alone ; an est aliquid, quod te sua. sponte de- 
leetet, Cic. ; e, first, without an example or pre- 
cedent ; sua sponte instituissct, Cic. II. Genit, 
homo suae spontis, om's own master, Col. 

sponsa, v. spondeo. 

sponsalis -e (sponsa), of or relating to a 
betrothal, I. Adj., Varr. II. Subst., spons- 
alia -um or -5rum, n. a betrothal; sponsalia 
facere, Cic. ; b, a betrothal feast, Cic. 

sponsio -onis, f. (spondeo), a solemn promise, 
engagement. I. Of a vow, voti, Cic. II. a 
solemn engagement between two parties. A. In 
alliances, contracts, etc., a solemn promise, 
pleilge, surely, guarantee; non foedere sed per 
sponsionem pax facta est, Liv. B. In civil 
process, a solemn promise or engagement between 
the two parties tlial the loser sludl forfeit a certain 
sum, a kind of legal wager ; quum sponsionem 
fecisset NI VIR BONUS ESSET, he agreed to 
pay the stipulated sum if he was not, etc., Cic. ; 
vincere sponsionem or sponsione, Cic. 

sponsor -oris, m. (spondeo), a surety, bail, 
guarantee, Cic. 

sponsum -i, n. (spondeo). I. that which is 
promised or guaranteed, a covenant; sponsum 
negare, Hor. II. — sponsio No. II., ex sponso 
agcrc, Cic. 

1. sponsus -a -um, v. spondeo. 

2. sponsus -us, m. (spondeo), an engagement, 
suretyship, Cic. 

spontaneus -a -um(spons), voluntai-y, spon- 
taneous ; Sen. 

sponte, spontis, v. spons. 

sporta -ae, f. ((rn-upt?), a basket, hamper, Plin. 

sportella -ae, f. (dim. of sporta), a little 
basket, cake, or fruit-basket, Cic. 

sportula -ae, f. (dim. of sporta). I. a little 
basket, Plant. II. a provision-basket. A. the 
basket in which great men were accustomed to give 
to their clients and dependents provisions or an 
equivalent in money (gen, ten sesterces). Juv, ; 



lience, a gift, present, Plin. B. = hzinvov anb 
o-m/pi&os, a picnic, Juv. 

spretlO -Onis, f. (sperno), a despising, con- 
temning, Liv. 

spretor -5ris, m. (speruo), a despiser; de- 
oruui, Ov. 

spuma -ae, f. (spuo), foam, froth, scum ;_ cum 
spunias agerct in ore, Cic. ; Venus spuma pro- 
creata, from the foam of the sea, Cic. ; spuma 
argenti, litharge of silver, Verg. ; spuma caustica, 
a sou}) used by the Germans and Cauls for the 
purpose of giving a red tinge to the hair, Mart. 

spumesco, 3. (spuma), to begin to foam, Ov. 

spumous -a -um (spuma), foaming, frothy, 
Verg._ 

spumifer -fera -feYum (spuma and fero), 
foam-bearing, foaming ; amnis, Ov. 

spumiger -g6ra -geruin (spuma and gero), 
foaming, Lucr. 

spumo, 1. (spuma). I. In transit, to foam, 
froth; spumans aper, Verg. II. Transit, to 
cover with foam; partic, spumatus -a -um, 
covered with foam; saxa, Cic. poet 

spumosus -a -um (spuma), foaming, full oj 
foam, Ov. 

spuo, spui, sputum, 3. (n-rvio), to spit out; 
terrain, Verg. 

spurce, adv. (spurcus), filthily, dirtily; fig., 
basely, impurely ; quin in illam miseram tarn 
spurce, tarn iinpie dixeris, Cic. 

spurcidicus -a -um (spurce and dico), 
talking filthily, obscenely, Plaut. 

spurciflcus -a -um (spurce and facio), 
making filthy, polluting, Plant 

spurcitia -ae, f. and spurcities -ei, f. 
(spurcus), dirt, filth, Lucr. 

spurco, 1. (spurcus), to defile, pollute, Cat. ; 
partic. adj. in superl., helluo spurcatissinuis, Cic. 

spurcus -a -um (perhaps connected with 
spargo), swinish, dirty, filthy, unclean, impure. 

I. Ljt, Cat. II. Fig., of character or position, 
mean, base, low, foul, impure; homo spurcis- 
simus, Cic. 

sputatllicius -a -um (sputo) = KaTanruoroy, 
abominable, detestable, ap. Cic. 

sputator -oris, m. (sputo), one who spite 
much, a spitter, Cic. 

sputo, 1. (intens. of spuo), to spit, spit out; 
cum atro mixtos sanguine dentes, Ov. 

sputum -i, n. (spuo), spittle. I. Lit., Lucr. 

II. Meton., a very thin plate of metal, Mart 
squaleo, 2. to be rough, stiff. I. Gen., 

squalentes conchae, Verg. ; with abl., to be rough 
with, to be stiff with = to be thickly covered with ; 
tunica or lorica squalens auro, Verg. II. Esp., 

1, to be rough from neglect, dirty, sgiudid, slov- 
enly ; barba squalens, Verg.; coma squalens, Ov.; 
hence, meton., to wear dirty apparel as a sign of 
mourning, to mourn; equalent municipia, Cic; 

2, of places, tobe uncultivated, untitled ; squalent 
abductis arva colonis, Verg. 

squales -is, f. (squaleo), dirt, filth, Varr. 

squallde, adv. (squalidus), roughly, in a 
slovenly manner ; dicere, Cic. 

squalidus -a -um (squaleo). I. rough, stiff; 
membra, Lucr. ; fig., of discourse. ro»o7i, nn- 
polished ; quoniam sua sponte squalidiora sunt, 
Cic. II. Esp., rough from want of attention, 
cultivation, squalid, dirty ; 1, lit, corpora, Liv.; 
2, transf., a, in mourning attire ; reus, Ov. ; b, 
waste, desert; humus, Ov. 

squalor -6ris, rn. (squaleo). I. roughness, 
liW- Hi roughness arising fr<*"i dirt and 



squ 



538 



sta 



neglect, filthiness, squalor; 1, lit., sqnaloria 
plenum ac pulveris, Cic; 2, transf., dirty cloth- 
ing worn as a sign of mourning; squalor et 
mneror, Cic. 

squilus -i, in. a kind of salt-water fish, Ov. 

squama -ae, f. (squalen), a scale. I. .Lit., 
of a lish, serpent, bee, etc., Cic. II. Transf., a, 
of things like scales, e.g., scale, armour, Verg, ; 
b, nieton., a fish, Jnv. 

squamatim, adv. (squama), like scales, Plin. 

squamous -a -uin (squama), scaly, Verg. 

squamlfer -lira -ferum (squama and fero), 
scale-bearing, scaly, Sen. 

squaxuiger -geYa -gSrum (squama and gero), 
scale-bearing, scaly, Ov. ; subst, Squamigert 
-orum, in. fishes, Lucr. 

squamosus -a -urn (squama), covered with 
scales, scaly, Verg. 

squatina -ae, f. a salt-water fish, a species of 
shark, Plin. 

St! interj. hush! hist! Per., Plant. 

Stabiae -Sruin, f. a town in Campania, 
between Pompeii and Surrentum, destroyed with 
Pompeii and Heixulanum on the eruption of 
Mount Vesuvius. Hence, adj., Stabianus 
•a -uin, belonging to Stabiae ; subst. , Stabianum 
-i, n. an estate at Stabiae. 

stabilimen -Inis, n. (stabilio), a stay, sup- 
port, cic. 

stabillmentum = stabilimen (q.v.). 

stabilio, 4. (stabilis), to make firm. I. Lit.. 

stipitcs, Caes. II. Fig., to make stable, to 
establish ; leges, rcmpublicani, Cic. 

Stabilis -e (sto), firm, steadfast, stable. I, 
Lit, via, Cic; solum, Liv. II. Fig., firm, 
steadfast, stable, lasti/ig, unwavering ; amici, Cic; 
matrimoniuui, Cic. ; oratio, Cic; with ad and the 
ace, nihil est tarn ad dinturnitalem memoriae 
stabile, Cic. ; snbst, stabilla -lain, n. things 
that are stable, Cic. 

Btabilitas -atis, f. (stabilis), firmness, sta- 
bility, steadfastness. I. Lit., peditum in proeliis, 
Caes. ; stirpes stabiiitatein ctant iis, quae sus- 
tineiit. Cic II. Fig., durability, steadfastness ; 
amicitiae, Cic; fortunae, Cic. 

stabillter, adv. (stabilis), firmly, durably, 
Suet. 

stabilitor -oris, m. (stabilio), one who makes 
firm, establishes, Sen. 

Stabularius -li, in. (stabulum), a Iuvj inn- 
keeper, Sen. 

Stabulo, 1. (stabulum), to have a stall or 
abode, to stall ; in foribus (Orci), Verg. 

stabulor, 1. dep. (stabulum) of animals, to 
stand, be stabled, abide, Ov. 

' stabulum -i, n. (sto). I. a place of abode, 
habitation, Plaut. II. a place of abode for 
Us and men of the poorer class. A. of 
animals ; 1, of wild animals, den, lair; ferarum 
stabula alta, Verg.; 2, of tame animals, a tall, 
stable; poet., of pasture, Verg.; plot*., stabula, 
the stalls, cattle-yard, as a place of abode fur 
shepherds; pasturum stabula, Cic. B. Of men 
of the lower classes, inn, tavern, pot-house, Cic. 

stacbys -yos, f. (cn-axus), horse-mint, Plin. 

stacta -ae, f. and stacte -cs, f. (o-tukttj), 
oil nf myrrh, Lucr. 

stadium -li, n. (<TTd$iov). I. <> Greek mea- 
sure of length, being G'25 feet ~ Coo English feet, 
and rather less than a furlong, Cie. II. Mcton., 
a race-course; qui stadium currit, Cic; fig., 
contest, emulation; me adnlescentcm multos 
aunos jn stadio ehisdem laudis excrcuit, Cir;, 



Stagira -orum, m. (2T<iyeipos), a town in 
Moo don in, birth-place, of Aristotle, now Libanora. 
Hence, Stagirites -ae, in. (SroyripiTr)?), the 
Stagirite, i.e., Aristotle. 

stagnatilis -e (stagnum), found in ponds or 
pools ; pisces, Plin. 

stagno, 1. (stagnum). I. Intransit., 1, of 
water, to overflow ; stagnans llumine Nilus,Verg.) 
•2, transf., of places, to be overflowed, to stand 
under water ; Orbis stagnat paludibus, Ov. II. 
Transit., to overflow, inundate; Tiberis plana 
urbis stagnaverat, Tac 

stagnum -i, n. (root STAC, Gr. ST.\r, 
whence a-rd^w, crrayuiv, ardyes), water that over- 
flows. I. Lit., standing water, left by the overflow 
of the sea or of a river, a pool, pond, marsh, 
swamp; fontes et stagna, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
(poet), a sluggish stream of water; Phrixeae 
stagna sororis, the Hellespont, Ov. B. an arti- 
ficial tale ; stagna et euripi, Ov. 

stagonias -ae, m. (aiayovias), a species oj 
frankincense, Plin. 

Stagonitis -Wis, f. (o-Tayoviris), the. gum 
called galbaiuim, Plin. 

stalagmias -ae, m. (<TTa\aypia<;), natural 
vitriol, Plin. 

stalagrsuum -li, n. (c-rdAay^a), an ear- 
drop, pendant, Plin. 

Stamen -bus, n. (from STA, root of sisto, as 
cTTTj/iui' from i'o-TTjiui). I. the warp, which in the 
upright looms of the. ancients was stretched in a 
vertical direction; stamen secernit arundo, Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, the thread ; a, the thread on the 
spindle; stamina ducere or torquere, to spin, 
Ov. ; the thread spun by the Parcae, Ov. ; hence, 
de niuiio stamine queri, of too long a life, Juv. ; 
b, a thread of another kind, e.g., that by which 
Ariadne guided. Theseus through the labyrinth, 
Prop. ; of a spider, Ov. ; the string of a lyre, Ov. ; 
2, melon., cloth woven of thread; hence, the fillet 
worn by priests, Prop. 

stamincus -a -um (stamen), full of threads, 
Prop. 

stannous -a -um, mauc of slanniun, Plin. 
stannum. -i, n. an alloy of silver and lead, 
Plin. 
Stata mater = Vesta ; or simply Stata, Cic. 

Statarlus -a -um (status), standing firm, 
Steady, stable, stationary; miles, Liv.; esp., 
stataria comoedia, a quiet kind of comedy (opp. 
comoedia motoria), Ter. ; subst., statarii 
-orum, m. the actors in the comoedia stataria, 
Cic ; transf., C. Piso, statarius et sennonia 
plenus orator, quiet, composed, Cic. 

Statclli and Staticlli -Orum, m. a people 
in Liguria, whose chief town was Aquae Statiell. 
orum or Aquae Statiellae, now Acqui ; hence, 

A. Statellas -atis, belonging to the Stcdelli. 

B. Statiellenses -ium, m. the inhabitants oj 
Aquae Statiellorum. 

Statera -ae, f. (manip), a steelyard, a bala nee ; 
auriflcis, Cic 

staticiilum -i, n. (statua), a small statue, 
Plin. 

staticulus -i, in. (dim. of 2. status), a kind 
of slow dance, Plin. 

Statim, adv. (sto). I. without yielding, 
firnUy, steadfastly; rem gerere, Plaut. II. 
Transf., on the s)iot, immediately, at once; ut 
statim alienatio disjunctioque facienda sit, Cic; 
foil, by ac, atque, ut, quam, quum, simulac, as 
booh as, Cic. 

StatlO -onis, f. (sb>). I. a standing, stand- 
ing .-till ; inanere in statione, to stand still. Lucr. 
II. Transf,, a plafie of abode or sojourn; 1, gen,, 



sta 



539 



ate 



alterna fratrem statione redemit, Ov. ; 2, esp., 
a of soldiers, (u) post, watch, picket, guard; 
equites ex Btatione, Cues.; stationem portis 
disposuit, Liv. ; in stationo and (of several 
cohorts) in stationibus esse, Caes. ; stationem 
relinquere, Verg. ; (p) quarters ; tig., imperii, Ov.; 
de praesidio et stationo vitae decedere, Cic. ; b, 
a place of abode, resting-place; sedesapibusstatio- 
que petcnda, Vorg. ; in arce Athenis statio (post) 
mea nunc placet, Oic. ; c, a roadstead, anchor- 
age, lay, Cic. ; tig., fluctibus ejectum tuta 
statione recepi, haven, Ov. ; d, the proper place, 
order (of things), comas ponere in statione, Ov. 

Stationalis -e (statio), standing still, sta- 
tionary, Plin. 

Statius -ii, in.: 1 ; Caecilius Statins, of 
Iiisubria, a Roman comic poet, bom 10S b.c. ; 2, 
P. Papinius Statius, an Epicpoet, under Domitian, 
composer of Silvae, a Thebais, and an unfinished 
Achillas. 

StatiVUS -a -urn (sto), standing, standing 
still. I. Adj., praesidium, picket, Cic; castra, 
fixed quarters, Liv. II. Subst.stativa -orum, 
n. (sc. castra), permanent camp, Liv. 

1. Stator -oris, in. (sto), a magistrate's ser- 
vant or attendant, Cic. 

2. Stator -Sris, m. (sisto), the supporter, es- 
tablisher, the stayer of flight ; a surname of Ju- 
piter, Cic. 

Statiia -ae, f. (statuo), a statue, image (of a 
man, while simulacrum = statue of a god); simu- 
lacra deoriim, statuac veterum honunum, Cic. ; 
statuam alicui ponere or statuere, Cic. 

statuarius -a -urn (stntua), of or relating 
to statues. I. Adj., Plin. II. Subst, 1, stat- 
uaria -ae, f. (sc. ars), the art of casting statues, 
Plin.; 2, statuarius -ii, m. a maker or caster 
of statues, a statuary, Quint. 

statumen -lnis, n. (statno), a slay, support, 
prop; plur., the ribs of a ship, Caes. 

statumino, 1. (statumen), to underprop, 
Plin. 

Statuo -ui -utuni, 3. (from statum, the 
supine of sisto), to cause to stand, put, place, set, 
set up. I. Lit., 1, gen., captiyos in medio, 
Liv. ; crateras, Verg. ; 2, esp., to set up, erect, 
build ; statuam, Cic. ; tropaenm, Cic. ; taber- 
uacula, to pitch, Caes. ; urbem, Verg. ; regnum, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, to establish in, one's mind, 
to consider, believe; ut mihi statuo, Cic. ; laudem 
statuo esse luaxiinain, Cic. ; 2, to resolve, deter- 
mine, decide; with de and the abl., de aliquo, 
Caes. ; de capite civis, Cic. ; with in and the 
ace, in aliqucm aliquid gravius, Caes.; with 
ace. alone, stipendium alicui de publico, Liv. ; 
with rel. sent., utrum diem tertium an perend- 
iniim dici oporteret, Cic. ; with infm., judices 
rejicere, Cic. ; witli ut and the subj., ut naves 
eouscendercnt, Cic. 

Statura -ae, f. (sto), stature, height, size of a 
■man; homines tantulae statuiae, of so small 
stature, Caes. ; qua facie fuerit, qua statura, Cic. 

1. status, v. sisto. 

2. status -lis, m. (sto), a stivuling, standing 
position. I. Lit., 1, gen., status, incessus, 
sessio, Cic; erectus, Cic; 2, esp., posture, 
position ; .minax, Hor. ; statu movere hostem, 
Liv. II. Fig., 1, gen., position, condition, state; 
adversarios de oinni statu dejicere, Cic ; restit- 
uere aliquem in pristinuui statum, Cic. ; omnes 
vitae status, Cic ; 2, esp., a, one's position in 
life as determined by birth ; agnationibus i'amili- 
arnin distinguuutur status, Cic; b, a firm posi- 
tion, stability, prosperity! civitatis, Cic; c, 
rhet. t. t., status causae, or simply status, the 
it'tte of the question, state of the case s? qjatr^, Cic. 



steatdma -Stis, n. (crreaTiufio), a kind of 
fatly swelling, Plin. 

stega -ae, f. (o-reyij), a .ship's deck, Plaut. 
StegUUS -a -um (artyvos), causing costive- 
ness, Plin. 
stela -ae, f. ((r-njAjj), a pillar, column, Plin. 
Stelis -iuis, f. (ffTe,\is), mistletoe growing on 
firs and larches, Plin. 

Stella -ae, f. (— sterula, connected with 
ao-Trjp), a star. I. Lit., 1, a star, planet, comet; 
Stella Saturni, stella Jovis, the planet Saturn, 
planet Jupiter, Cic ; stellae incrrautes, fixed 
stars, Cic. ; vagao, planets, Cic. ; stella comans, 
a comet, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, a figure in the form 
of a star, Plin. ; b, a star-fish, Plin. II. In 
poets, l,= sidus, constellation, Verg., Ov. ; 2, 
= g?t»; auget gemiuos stella serena polos, Ov. 

StellanS -antis (stella), 1, starry, set with 
stars ; caelum, Lucr. ; 2, bright, shining, glitter- 
ing ; gemma, Ov. 

Stellatis campus or ager, a very fruitful 
district in Campania. Hence, adj., Stellat- 
Inus -a -um, Stellatian. 

stellatus -a -urn (stella), set ivith stars, 
starry; a, lit, Cepheus, Cic; b, transf., 
Argus, having many eyes, Ov. ; ensis, bright, 
glittering, Verg. 

stelllfer -fera -ferum (stella and fero), star- 
bearing, starry; stellifer cursus, Cic. 

stelliger -gera -geruin (stella and gero), 
star-bearing, starry, Yarr. 

stcllio (stelio) -onis, m. a lizard with spots 
on its back (Lacerta gecko, Linn.), Verg. 
Stcllo, 1. (stella), to set with stars, Plin. 
stemma -atis, n. (<jTip.p.a). !• a crown, 
chaplet, Sen. II. Meton., a genealogical tree, 
Suet. ; transf., nobility, high antiquity, Mart. 

Stentor -Sris, m. (STcVrwp), one of the Greeks 
before Troy, famedfor his loud voice and the strength 
of his lungs. 

StephaneploCOS -i, f. (o-Tei/>an):rAdicos), the 
weaver of cluiplets, tlie name of a painting by 
Pausias, Plin. 

Stephauitis -Wis, f. (orccpai'ms), a kind of ■ 
vine, Plin. 

stephanoinelis -is, f. a plant which stops 
a bleeding at the nose, Plin. 

StephaUOpoliS -IS, f. ((rre^ai/dTriuXis), tlie- 
seller of cluiplets ; the name of a picture by Pausias, 
also adled stephaneplocos, Plin. 

Stephanos -i, m. (<rT<?<pa>/os), lit., a garland, 
chaplet ; the name of several plants, Piin. 

stercdrariUS -a -um (stercus), o/or relating 
to dung, Varr. 

stercoratio -onis, f. (stercoro), a manuring, 
Varr. 

stercoreus -a -um (stei-cus), filth y, stinking; 
miles, Plaut. 

stercoro, 1, (stercus), to dung, manure; 
agium, Cic. 

stercus -6ris, n. dung, muck, manure, Cic. ; 
as a term of reproach, stercus curiae, Cic. 

stergethron -i, n. (ort'pyijflpoi/), a plant, 
great houseleek, Plin. 

sterilesoo, 3. (sterilis), to become barren, 
Plin. 

Sterilis -e (conuected with Gr. irrepeds, 
crTeppos). I. barren, unfruitful, sterile (applied 
to animals and plants). A. a, lit., nger, Verg. ; 
vacca.Verg.; b, transf. = empty; corpora sonitu 
sterila (=sterilia), Lucr. B. Pig., unfruitful, 
empty, vain; amor, unrequited, Ov. II. (Poet.) 
acr, ; making unfruitful; robigo, IJor, 



ste 



5-10 



sti 



BterTlitas -atis, f. (sterilis), unfmitfulness, 
sterility, barrenness; agrorum, Cic. ; nmlierum, 
Plin. 

sterllus = sterilis (q.v.). 

sternax -Sola (storno), throwing to the 
ground ; equus, throwing his rider, Verg. 

Stcrno, stravt, stratum, 3. (root STER, 
Gr. STOP, whence <7T0p{vwfj.i). I. to stretch 
out, spread out. A. Gen., vellus in iluro solo, 
Ov. ; arenam, Ov. ; strata jacent passim sua 
quaque sub arbore poma, Verg. B. Esp., 1, a, 
to stretch on the ground, lay down, throw down; 
corpora passim, Liv. ; reflex., se sternere, to lie 
down. ; se soinno in litore, Verg. ; so pass, as 
middle, sterni passim feraram ritu, Liv.; partic, 
Stratus -a -uui, stretched out, prostrate ; liumi, 
Cic. ; b, to throw down violently, to strike to the 
ground, lay low ; (a) lit., caede viros, Verg. ; 
ingenti caede sterni, Liv. ; poet., ventos, to 
calm, Hor. ; (3) fig., to overthrow, lay prostrate ; 
alllictos so et stratos esse, Cic. ; 2, to make, 
smooth, level; a, of the sea, (a) placldi strav- 
crnnt aequorn venti, Verg.; (/3) fig., to calm, 
allai] ; odia militant, Tac. ; b, to make a rough 
road smooth, to level; viam, Lucr.; osp., to i ave ; 
Bemitam saxo quadrate, Liv. II. Meton., to 
cover, overlay with; a, solum telis, Verg.; b, 
esp., (a) to cover with carpels, etc. ; triclinium, 
Cic; (/3) to saddle a horse ; equuin, Liv. 

sternumentum -i, n. (stern uo), a sneezing, 
sneeze, Cic. 
Stemuo -iii, 3. (connected with TTTapia'iu.ai). 

I. Intransit., to sneeze; a, lit., Plin.; b, bransf., 
of a li^lit, to crackle, sputter, Ov. II. Transit., 
to give by sneezing ; omen, Prop. 

sternutamentum -i, n. (sternuo), a sneez- 
ing, sneeze, Sen. 

sterqullinrum -li, n. (stereus), a dung-pit, 

Plant. 

Stcrtlnlus -li, m. a Stoic philosopher. Hence, 
Stortlnlus -a -urn, of Stcrtinius. 

sterto, 3. (connected with &ep0u, HapBdvu), 
to s)iore, Cic. 

Stesichorus -i, m. (Sr^o-i^opo?), a Greek 
lyric poet of Jiimera (G32-553 B.C.), contempm-ary 
of Sappho. 

Sthenelus -i, m. (2fleVeXo?). I. son of 

Capancus and Euadne, one of the Epigoni, leader 
of the Argives against Troy under Diomedes. 

II. king in Liguria, whose son Cycniis was 
changed into a swan. Hence, A. Sthene- 
leitis -a -urn, Sthenelean ; hostis, Eurystheus, 
Ov. ; proles, Cycnus, Ov. B. Stheneleis 
-Mis, f. Sthenelean; volucris, the swan, Ov. 

Stlbadlum -li, n. (TTi/3aSior), a semicircular 
sofa, Plin, 

stibium -li, i). (stlbl and stlmml -is, n.), 
antimony, used for dyeing the eyebrows black, 
and as an eye-salve, Plin. 

Stigma -fltis, n. (rrriyp.a). I> "- mark or 
Ik & put upon slaves; 1, lit., Sen.; 2, fig., 
infamy, stigma, Mart. II. a cut inflicted by an 
unskilful barber, Mart. 

Stigmatias -ae, m. (o-Tiyjian'as), a branded 
slave, Cic. 

stilla -ae, f. (dim. of stiria), a drop, Cic. 
sf.L' iticuis -a -um (still o), dropping, drip- 
ping, hn. 

• Stilllcldlum -li, n. (stilla and cado). I. 
a drip/ting or dropping moisture, Lucr. II. Esp., 
rain-water falling from the eaves of houses, Cic. 

stillo, 1. (stiila). I. Intransit, to drip, drop; 
de ilico stillabant niella, Ov. ; pugio stlllans, 
dripping with blood, Cic. II. Transit., to drop, 
let drop; a, lit, ex oculis rorem, Hor. ; b, fi^-, 



fcuae litterae, quae mihi quiddani quasi animulae 
stillarunt, Cic. 

Stilus (not stylus) -i, m. (for stig-lus ; cf. 
Gr. ctti'^o), (Triyiin). I. a stake, pale, Auct. b. 
Afr. II. 1, the pointed iron or bone instru- 
ment with which the llomans wrote on their 
waxen tablets, Plin.; as one end was flat, in 
order to erase the impression made by the oilier, 
vertere stilum = /o rub out, erase writing, Hor. ; 
vertit stilum in tabulis suis, Cic. ; 2, melon., 
writing, com)>osing, written composition, and 
hence, mode of writing, speaking, style; stilus 
exercitatus, a practised pen, Cic. ; unus sonus 
est totius orationis et idem stilus, Cic. 

stimulatio -5nis, f. (stimulo), a spurring 
on, stimulating, Tac. 

Stimulatrix -icis, f. (stimulator), she that 
goads on, stimulates, Plant 

Stlmulcus -a -mil (stimulus), relating to the 
goad ; supplicium, punishment (of slaves) with 
the goad, Plaut 

stimulo, 1. (stimulus). I. to goad, prick, 
Lucan. II. Fig., 1, to goad, disquiet, vex, annoy ; 
to conscientiac stimulant maleficiorum tuoruni, 
Cic. ; 2, to goad, incite, stir up, stimulate to any 
action ; (a) with ace, aliquem incitare et stimul- 
are, Verg. ; (0) with ad and the ace, ad huius 
salutem defeiidendam stimulari, Cic; (y) with 
ut anil the subj., ut caverem, Cic. ; (<3) poet, 
with intin., Verg. 

Stimulus -i, m. (root STIG, whence in-stig-0 
and 1. stinguo ; Gr. 2Tir, whence a-ri^ui, <jTiypr\). 

I. Milit. t. t., stimuli, pointed stakes to repel the 
advance of troops, Caes. II. a goad used for 
driving cattle, slaves, etc. A. Lit., Plant.; used 
contemptuously, dum te stimulis fodiam, Cic. 
B. Fig., &,asting,torment ; doloris, Cic. ; amoris, 
Liv.; b, a goad, spur, incentive, stimulus; gloriae, 
Cic. ; alicui stimulos admovere, Cic. 

1. * stinguo, 3. to goad, a word only found 
in compounds, such as distinguo, instingno, 
interstinguo (interstinctus). 

2. stinguo, 3. to extinguish, put out, Lucr. 
stipatio -onis, f. (stipo), a crowd of attend- 
ants round any one, numerous suite, retinue, Cic. 

st'ipator -oris, m. (stipo), an attendant, fol- 
lower ; plur., a suite, train, retinue, Cic. 

Stipatus -a -um, p. adj. (from stipo). 

stipendiarlus -a -um (stipendium). I. 
liable to taxes or tribute, tributary; Aeduos sibi 
stipendiaries factos, Cic. ; vectigal, a yearly 
contribution, Cic; subst, stipendlarii -orum, 
m. tributaries; socii stipendiariiquo populi 
Romani, Cic. II. Of soldiers, serving for pay, 
mercenary, Liv. 

stipendlor, 1. dep. (stipendium), to serve, 
serve Jor hire, Plin. 

stipendium ii, n. (= stipipendium, from 
stips and pendo). I. a tax, tribute, contribu- 
tion; a, lit, stipendium imponere alicui, Caes.; 
pacisci annuuui stipendium. Liv. ; b, transf., 
punishment ; quod me mnnet stipendium ? Hor. 

II. pig of a soldier; a, lit (in full, stipendium 
militare), stipendium alicui decernere, Cic. ; 
persolvere, Cic; flagitare, Cars.; stipendia mer- 
ere and mereri, to serve in the army, Cic. ; b, 
mcton., military service; finis stipendiorum, 
Cic. ; esp., a year's service, campaign ; septem 
et viginli enumerare stipendia, Liv.; fig., tain- 
quani emeritis stipendiis libidinis, ambition is, 
etc., Cic. 

Stipes -itis, m. (<ttvtto<;), a log, stump, trunk 
of a tree ; a, in a rough state, Verg. ; poet., a 
tree, < )v. ; b, worked into something, a stake, 
past, Caes. ; poet., a club, Ov. ; as a term o; re- 
proach, blockhead, Tor, 



sti 



641 



6 tO 



Stipo, 1. (connected with Gr. <ttc<Ji-o>, 
frTt'^-oros, etc.), to press closely together, com- 
press. I. Gen., niella (of bees), Verg. ; ita 
in arte stipatae erant naves ut, etc., Liv. ; 
Graeei stipati, quini in lectulis, saepe plures, 
Cic. II. A. to crowd a place; curia quum 
patribus t'uerit stipata, Ov. B. to press round, 
accompany, surround, attend ; senatum armatis, 
Cic. ; qui stipatus semper sicariis, saeptus ar- 
niatis, munitus judicious fuit, Cic; senectus 
stipata studiis juventutis, Cic. 

Stips, stlpis, f. an offering, gift, donation in 
money, a religious offering, alms; stipem con- 
ferre, Liv. ; stipem cogere, Cic. ; stipem ant 
stipes dare, Ov., Tac. ; stipem tollere, to put an 
end to begghig, Cic. 

Stipula -ae, f. the stalk, haulm; a, of corn ; 
plnr. =strav>, Ov. ; b, of a reed, contemptuously 
of a flute made of a reed, a reed-pipe, Verg. ; c, 
of the bean, Ov. 

stipulatio -onis, f. (stipulor), a verbal agree- 
ment, covenant, stipulation, Cic. 

stipiilatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of stipulatio), 
an unimportant engagement or stipulation, Cic. 

Stipulator -oris, m. (stipulor), one who stipu- 
lates for or demands a formal agreement, Suet. 

Stipulor, 1. dep. to demand, stipxdate for by 
a formal agreement, Cic. 

Stiria -ae, f. an icicle, Verg. 

stirpesco, 3. (stirps), to run to stalk, Plin. 

stirpitiis, adv. (stirps), root and branch, 
thoroughly, entirely, Cic. 

stirps (stirpes, stirpis), stirpis, f. I. the 
stuck or stem of a tree. A. Lit., a, the trunk with 
the root, Cic. ; b, tlie trunk, Verg. ; C, a branch, 
a young shoot or sprout, Verg. B. Transf., 1, of 
plants, a, « plant, stalk, root; stirpes et herbae, 
Cic. ; b, a twig, Lucr. ; 2, of liair, the root, 
Prop.; 3, of men, a, abstr., the stem = the 
source, origin ; divina, Verg. ; ne Italicae quid- 
em stirpis, Liv. ; a stirpe par, Verg.; b, concr., 
(a) male offspring ; unum prope puberem aetate. 
relictum stirpem genti Patriae, Liv. ; (JS) family, 
race; Herculis, Cic; (y) offspring; stirpem ex 
se relinquere, Liv. II. Fig., the root; 1, gen., 
ex liac nimia licentia ut ex stirpe quadam exsist- 
ere et quasi nasci tyrannum, Cic. ; Carthago ab 
stirpe interiit, root and branch, Sail.; 2, esp., a, 
foundation, origin; virtutls, Cic. ; b, original 
nature, Cic. (stirps masc. once in Verg.). 

stiva -ae, f. a plough-handle, Verg. 

stlatarius -a -um (from stlata, a kind of 
ship), brought by sea, and therefore, costly, Juv. 

stliis, archaic = lis (q.v.). 

Stloppus -i, m. the noise of a slap on the in- 
flated cheeks, Pers. 

Sto, stSti, statum, staturus, stare (STA, root 
of i-<TTi\-)xi), to stand. I. As opposed to sitting, 
to remain standing. A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of 
persons, quum Virgo staret, et Caecilia in sella 
sederet, Cic. ; ad januam, Cic. ; b, of things, 
quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic; 2, 
esp., a, milit. t. t., to stand, to be stationed ; 
pro porta, Liv. ; b, of buildings, to stand, to 
be built ; jam stabant Thebae, Ov. ; c, of ships, 
to be at anchor ; stant litore puppes, Verg. ; stare 
ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non poterat, 
Liv. ; d, to stand upright, stand on end ; steter- 
untque comae, Verg. ; e, with abl., to stand stiff 
with, to be full of, loaded xuith ; stat nive can- 
didum Soracte, Hor. B. Fig., 1, gen., pericula 
stant circum aliquem, Verg. ; 2, to stand at the 
side of, to support, or to stand opposite to as an 
enemy, lo range oneself; a, with ab and the abl., 
stare a se potiua quam ab adversariis, Cic. ; 
b, with cum and the abl., vobiscum me stet- 



isse dicebdt, Cic; o, with pro and the abl., 
pro nobis, Ov.; d, with in or contra oradversua 
and ace, quunl saepe a mendacio Contra verulu 
stare homines cousueseerent, Cic. ; 3, to rest 
upon; omnia in Ascanio carl stat cuiD parentis, 
Verg. ; 4,= to cost (like English stand) ; centum 
talentis, Liv. ; transf., niulto sanguine ac vul- 
neribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv. II. A. 
Lit., 1, as opposed to motion, to stand still, not 
to move; a, lit., (a) of animals, equus stare nescit, 
Ov.; (fi) of things, e.g., of ships, videsne navein 
iilam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi 
sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. ; b, transf., of time, 
to slop, stand still ; velut.i stet volucris dies, 
Hor. ; 2, with the notion of steadfastness ; a, 
milit. t. t., (a) to stand, hold one's ground; qui 
(miles) stetcrit, Cic. ; stare in pugna, Liv. ; (fi) 
transf., of a battle, tu remain in a certain posi- 
tion, to waver, not to be decided; diu pugna 
neutro inclinata stetit, Cic; b, of buildings, 
rocks, etc., to stand firm, last, endure, remain; 
nee donius ulla nee urbs stare potent, Cic; 
C, of missiles, to stick fust, remain; hasta stetit 
medio tergo, Ov. B. Fig., 1, gen., to remain 
still, remain, continue; utiuam lespublica stet- 
isset quo coeperat statu, Cic. ; 2, stare per ali- 
quem, to happen through some one's fault, Ter. ; 
often stat or non (nihil) stat per aliquem, foil, 
by quominus and sub.)., it is owing to some one 
that not, etc., Cic, Liv. ; stat per aliquem, foil, 
by quin or ne and subj., Liv. ; 3, with the 
in .i of steadfastness or duration ; a, toremuin 
steadfast, firm, immovable, to stand one's ground, 
hold out ; si stare non possunt, corruant, Cic. ; 
stas ammo, Hor. ; staraus animis, Cic. ; b, to 
remain firm in something ; (a) to remain in, con- 
tinue in; with in and the abl., in tide, Cic; 
with abl. alone, suis stare judiciis, Cic ; (|3) 
transf., to be fixed or determined ; stat sua cuique 
dies, Verg. ; tetnpus agendae rei nouduin stare, 
Liv. ; stat alicui sententia, with infln., to be re- 
solved or determined to, Liv. ; so stat alicni, or 
simply stat, Cic ; c, of a play or an actor, to 
please, gain applause, keep 'he stage, Hor. (perf., 
BtetSrunt, Verg., Aen. II. 774; III. 48). 

Stoice, adv. (Stoicus), like a Stoic, stoically, 
Cic. 

Stoicida -ae, in. a satirical name given lo a 
voluptuary who pretended to be a Stoic, Juv. 

Stoicus -a -um (Stohko?), of or relating to 
Stoic philosophy, Stoic; schola, Cic Subst., 
a, Stoicus -i, m. a Stoic philosopher, Cic ; b, 
Stoica -orum, n. the Stoic philosophy, Cic. 

Stdla -ae, f. (o-toAtj), a long outer garment. 
I. the long outer garment worn by Itoman ladies, 
robe, Cic. II. Of men, the robe of a flute-player 
at the festival of Minerva, Ov. 

Stolatus -a -um (stola), clad in a slola, Suet. 

stolide, adv. (stolidus), stupidly, foolishly, 
stolidly ; stolide laetus, Liv. ; stolide ferox, Liv. 

stolidus -a -um (connected with stultus). 
I. st upid, foolish, dull, obtuse; a, of persons, o 
vatnm stolidissime, Ov.; b, of tilings, tiducia, 
superbia, Liv. II. inactive, indolent, Cic 

Stdlo -onis, m. a useless sucker, superfluous 
shoot on a tree, Plin. 

storaa.c5.co -es, f. (arojioicaio)), a disease of 
the mouth or gums, Plin. 

st6maohicus -a -um (o-tohoxikos), HtfV in 9 
from disease in the stomach, Plin. ..''JT' 

stomaehor, 1. dep. (stomachus),fa6£kn<7ri/, 
pettish, irritated, vexed; a, absol., stomachari / 
eoepit, Cic; b, with cum and the abl., eumA- 
Metello, Cic. ; c, with abl., jucundissimis tuis *.-, 
litteris, Cic. ; d, with quod, quod de eadein 
re again saepius, Cic; e, with si, si quid asperius 
dixerain, Cic. ; f, with neut. ace, omnia, Cic. _ 



sto 



542 



Stl 



Stom&choae, adv. (stoms<chosils), jJivrWi/i/, 
ntttUfUy, angrily; rescrlpsi ei stomachoaius, 
Cic. 

stomachosus -a -urn (stomachus), peevish, 
pettish, irritable, raw, angry, Cic. 

stomachus -i, m. (<rropax°f)- I. the gullet, 
the oesophagus, Cic. II. Transf. — vontriculus, 
the. stomach. A. Lit., Stomach i calor, Cic; 
stomachus iieger, Hor. B. Fig., 1, stomachus 

bonus, a good digestion = good humour, Mart.; 
2, a, taste, liking; 1 ml i apparattsaimi, sod non 
tni stomachi, Cic. ; b, dislike, distaste, luxa- 
tion, chagrin, anger ; stomachum facers or mov- 
ers alicui, Cic. 

stomatice -es, f. (oropaTcioj), a remedy for 
diseases of the mouth, Plin. 

stcmoma -atis, n. (cnoniona), thin scales of 
metal, Plin. 

storca (storia) -ae, f. (connected with 
aTopeVrvfj.i), a rush mat, Caes. 

Strabo -unis, in. (<rrpa/3wr). I. a sqninler, 
Cic. II. Fig., an envious person, Varr. 

Strages -is, f. I. a throwing to the ground, 
overthrow, downfall; a, acdificiorum, Tac. ; 
teetotum, Liv. ; b, a sinking down, dying away 
through illness ; canum, Ov. ; c, a defeat, a 
slaughter, butchery, massacre, carnage; quas 
strages ille edidit, Cic. II. Meton., a fallen 
viass ; homiuum armorumque, Liv. 

stragulum, v. atragulus. 

stragulus -a -urn (stemo), covering, serving 
as a rug, carpet, mattress, etc., to lie upon. I. 
Adj., veatis atragula, Cic. II. Suliat., strag- 
ulum -i, n. a covering, rug, carpet, mattress ) 
etc. ; textile, Cic 

stramen -Inis, n. (sterno), straw, litter, 
spread under anything, Verg., Ov. 

stramentarius -a -um (stramentum), re- 
lating to straw ; falces, for cutting straw, Cato. 

stramentlcius -a -um (stramentum), made 
of straw; casa, Auct. b. Hisp. 

stramentum -i, u. (sterno). I. the stall- of 

corn, straw, litter ; caaac, quae more Uallico 
stramentia erant tectae, Caes. II. a saddle, 
housing (for mules), Caca. 

Strain incus -a -um (stramen), made, of 
straw; casa, Ov. ; Quirites, figures of straw 
tAroira every year into the Tiber, Ov. 

Strangias -ne, m. (orpayyt'as), a kind of 
wheat in Greece, Plin. 

strangiilatio -Cuts, f. (strangulo), a chok- 
ing, strangulation, Plin. 

strangulates = Btrangulatio (q.v.). 

StrangUlO, 1. (crTpay-yoAdio), to choke, stran- 
gle. I. a, lit., pat rem, Cues. ; b, transf., 
voceni, Quint.; arborem, Plin. II. Fig., to 
torment, torture; strangulat inclnsns dolor, Ov. 

Stranguria ae, f. (arpayyoupi'ci), a -painful 
discharge of urine, strangury, Cic. 

strategema -.Ills, n. (o-TpaTijy^a), a piece 
of generalship, a stratagem ; trnnsf., strategemate 
hominem percussit, Cic. 

Strategia -ae, f. (cTTpanj-yi'a), a province, 

district, canton, Plin. 

strategus -i. in. (o-TpaTnyi'«;), a general, 
Plant. 

stratiotes -ae, ni. (<rTpanoJT>)q), an aquatic 
plant, Plin. 

StratlotlCUS -a-uiri (crrpaTi omKo?), soldierly, 
soldierlike ; homo, a soldier, Plant. 

Strato (-on) -flnls, m. cs.rpa.run'). I. a 
Peripatetic philosopher of f.amj'sacus. II, (Strato), 
« physician of the titnc of Cicero. 



Stratonlcea -ae, f. (^.TaaroviKua), an urt- 
portant town in Caria, now Kski Hissar. Hence, 
StratSmccnsis -e, belonging to Stratonicea. 

stratum -i, n. (sterno), that which is spread 
out. I. a covering; 1, the covering of a nig, 
hal, blanket, and meton., n bed; mollc stratum, 
Liv.; strato aurgere, Verg.; 2, a horse-cloth, 
saddle-cloth, saddle, Liv. II. a pavement ; strata 
viarum, Lucr. 

Stvatura -ae, f. (sterno), ff paving, pave- 
ment, Suet. 

1. stratus -a -um, partic. of sterno. 

2. Stratus -i, f. (S-rpdTos), a town in Acar- 
nania on the Achelous. 

strcna -ae, f. I. a portent, omen, riant. 
II. a new year's gift (Fr. etrennc), Suet. 

strenue, adv. (strenuus), briskly, promptly, 
actively, strenuously ; armacapere, Cic. 

strenuitas -atis, f. (strenuus), briskness, 
promptness, activity, Ov. 

Strentio, 1. (strenuus), to be brisk, prompt, 
active, Plant. 

strenuus -a -run, brisk, jwmjtf, active, 
strenuous, vigorous; a, lit., of persons, fortis ae 
strenuus socius, Liv. ; gens lingua strenua magis 
quam factis, Liv.; compar., strenuior, riaut. ; 
superl., strenuissimus quisque ut occiderat in 
proelio, Sail. ; in a had sense, turbulent, rest- 
less, Tac. ; b, transf., navis, fast, Ov. ; inertia, 
masterly inactivity, Hor. 

Strepito, 1. (intens. of strepn), to make a 
loud noise, to rustle, rattle, clatter, Verg. 

strepitus -us, m. (strepo). I. a loud noise, 
clattering, crashing, creaking, rumbling ; rota- 
rum, Caes. ; iluniinum, Lie; valvarnm, Hor.; 
inter strepitum tot bellorum, Liv. ; plur., strep- 
itus nocturni, Liv. II. Poet., transf'., a 
measured, reanlar sound; tcstudinis aurcae, 
Hor. 

sti'cpo -iii -Ituin, 3. I. to make a loud noise, 
creak, rattle, clash, rumble, clatter. A. Intransit., 
n, of living beings, mixti strepentium paven- 
tiumque clamores, Liv. ; Rtrepere vocibus, Sail.; 
b, of tilings, arma ct scuta otTensa quo levins 
strepereut, make less noise, Sail. ; (luvii strepunt 
hiberna nive turgidi, Hor.; esp., of places, to 
resound; ludos litterarum strepere discentium 
vocibus, Liv. B. Transit., haec quum strep- 
ereut, cried out, Liv. II. Poet., transf., of 
musical instruments, to crash, bray; strepunt 
litui, Hor. 

strepsicoros -otis, m. (crTpe^iKf'pws-), an 
African animal, with twisted horns, Plin. 

Stria -ae, f. a. furrow, ridge, Plin. 

strictim, adv. (strictus). I. closely, Plant. 
II. Fig., superficially, slightly, briefly, summarily ; 
dicere, Cic; librum attingcre, Cic. 

Strictivus -a -um (stringo), plucked, gathered, 
stripped off, Cato. 

strictor -oris, in. (stringo), one who plucks, 
Cato. 

Strictura -ae, f. (stringo), a bar nf iron, 
Verg. 

StrlotUS -a -um, p. adj. (from stringo), thrum 
together; hence, I. Lit., close, Ugh'; janua 
strictissim'n, Ov. II. Fig., 1, brief, concise, 
Quint.; 2, of character, rigid, severe, strict, 
S.n. 

Btrideo (strido), strldi -ere and -er,e 
(connected with .rpc£<o),' to make a harsh noise, 
to creak, gr<de,'hiss, etc ; of snakes, Verg. ; of a 
missile, Verg. ; of the wind, Verg. ; of the rope 
of a ship, Ov. ; of a waggon, Verg. ; of the sea, 
Verg.; of men, inainjbile stridet, li*p*, Ov.; of 
bees, to hum, Verg. 



Stf 



543 



stu 



Stridor -oris, in. (strido), d creaking, grat- 
ing, hissing, whistling cry or noise, of the wind, 
Cic. ; of the hinge of a door, Cic. ; of a saw, Cic; 
of animals, as a snake, Ov. ; of a pig, grunting, 
Ov. ; of asses, braying, Ov. ; of bees, humming, 
Ov. ; of men, tribuni, whispering, Cic. 

Stridulus -a -urn (strido), creaking, hissing, 
whistling, grating; cornna (of a spear), Verg ; 
claustra, Ov. 
striges -urn, f., v. strix. 
strigilis -is, aid. -i, genit. plur. -lum, f. 
(stringo), a scraper used by bathers for scraping 
the skin, Cic. 

Strigmentum -i, n. (stringo), that which w 
scraped or rubbed off, Plin. 
Strigo, 1. to halt in ploughing, Plin. 
strigosus -a -um, lean, thin. I. Lit., equi 
strigosiores, Liv. II. Fig., of an orator, dry, 
meagre, jejune, Cic. 

Stringo, strinxi, strietum, 3. (root STRTC, 
connected with <np<xyyu>). I. to draw together. 
A. to draw tight together, to bind, tie together ; 
1, lit., tamquam lazaret elatum pedem ab 
stiicto nodo, Liv. ; stringebant inagnos vincula 
parva pedes, Ov. ; 2, transf., of cold, striata 
matutino frigore vulnera, Liv. B. to draw off; 

1, to strip off, pluck, gather, cli}>, prune; folia 
ex arboribus, Caes. ; frondes, Verg. ; rubos, Liv.; 

2, to draw a weapon from its sheath, to unsheathe ; 
a, lit., gladiuin, Caes.; ferrum, Liv.; cnltnun, 
Liv.; b, fig., striugitur iambus inhostes, attacks 
an enemy with satirical verses, Ov. II. to graze 
= to touch lightly ; 1, gen., metas interiore rota, 
Ov. ; 2, esp., to wound slightly ; tela stringentia 
corpus, Verg.; poet., transf., (a) to injure; 
3iomen, Ov. ; (|3) to touch; animum strinxit 
patriae pietatis imago, Verg. 

Stringor -oris, in. (stringo), a drawing to- 
gether, power of drawing together, Lucr. 

Strix, strlgis, f. (crrpiyf), a screech-owl, Ov. 

strombus -i, m. (arpoixfios), a species of 
spiral snail, Plin. 

strongyle -es, f. (orpoyyuXr)), a kind of 
alum, Plin. 

stropha -ae, f. and strophe -es, f. (otpoc/»)), 
a trick, device, artifice, Sen. 

Strophades -um, f. (STpoifmSc?), two islands 
in the Ionian Sea, between Zakynthos and the 
Peloponnesus, the mythical abode of the Harpies, 
now Slrofadia or Strivcdi. 

strophiarius -li, m, (strophiurn), one who 
makes or sells strophia, Plant. 

strophiolum -i, n. (dim. of strophiurn), a 
small chaplet, Plin. 

Strophiurn -li, n. (<TTp6<t>iov). I. a breast- 
band, stay, stomacher, Cic. II. a chaplet, Verg. 

Strophius -li, m. (2Tpd<|>io;), king in Phocis, 
father of Pi/Iadcs ; Strophio natus, Pyladcs, Ov. 

Structllis -e (struo), of or relating to build- 
ing, used in building, Mart. 

Structor -oris, m. (struo). I. a builder, 
mason, carpenter, Cic. II. an arranger = 
Tpu7r«:^o7roi.o?, a slave who arranged the table and 
superintendal the waiting, Juv. 

Structura -ae, f. (struo). I. a putting to- 
gether ; 1, a building, erecting, constructing ; 
parietum, Caes.; 2, meton., that which is built, 
a building; aerariae strueturae, mines, mining- 
works, Caes. IL Transf., of discourse, an 
arrangement, putting together of words ; vcr- 
borum, Cic. 

strucs -is, f. (struo), a heap. I. Gen., 
pontes et moles ex humanoruni corporum strue 
faccre, Liv. II. Esp., a, o heap of wood ; lig- 



iul cakes, 
' alanx, 



noruin, Liv. ; b, d heap of small sacrificial 
Ov. ; c, a thick or dense mass, as of the ph 
Liv. 
striiix -Icis, f. (struo), a heap, Plant. 
struma -ae, f. (struo), a scrofulous tumour, 
struma, Cic. 

striimosus -a -mm (struma), afflicted with 
struma, strumous, Juv. 

Strumus -i, m. (struma), a herb that cures 
the struma, Plin. 

struo, struxi, atructum, 3. (connected with 
(7-operi'up.i, sterno). I. to place one thing upon 
another, to join together, pile up; arbores in 
pyrain, Ov. ; lateres, Caes. II. A." to build, 
erect, construct; a, lit., pyrain, Verg.; aggereni,- 
Tac. ; fornices, Liv. ; b, transf., to prepare (some- 
thin-' bad), to devise, contrive; alicui aliquid 
calainitatis, Cic. ; periculosas libertati opes, 
Liv. ; dices me ipsum mihi sollicitudinenistruere, 
Cic. B. to arrange, order, set up; aciem, Liv. ; 
transf., compositi oratoris bene structa col- 
locatio, Cic. C. to lieap up, load with; altaria 
donis, Verg. 

struppus (stroppus) -i, m. (<ttp64>os), a 
strap, thong, rope, Plin. 

struthcus (struthius) -a -um (o-rpoiiflios), 
of or relating to a sparrow; mala, sparrow* 
apples, quinces, Cato. 

strutludcamelinus -a -um, of or relating 
to an ostrich, Plin. 

struthiocamelus -i, m. (<jTpv0ioicofU]Aos), 
an ostrich, Plin. 

Struthopus -pddis QnpovSoTrow;), sparrow- 
footed, Plin. 

strychnos -i, ni. 'mpixvos,'), a kind of night- 
shade, Plin. 

Strymo (-on) -inOnis and -monos, in'. 
(STpu/niui'), one of the most important rivers of 
Thrace, rising inMt. Ilacmus and flowing into tlie 
Strymonic Gulf, now Karasu or Sti~uma(Strur,io). 
Hence, A. Strymonis -Wis, f. (:vrpvp-..ii's),_a 
Thracian woman, Oft A mason, Prop. B. Stry- 
monius -a -um, Strymonian, poet. = Thracian 
or northern, Ov. 

Studeo -ui, 2. (perhaps connected with airevSa), 
crtrovSrj, anovSa^uj), to be eager, zealous, earnest, 
take pains about anything, strive after, be busy 
with, seek after, aim at. I. Gen., a, with dat., 
praeturae, Cic. ; novis rebus, politiccd change, 
Caes. ; litteris, Cic. ; laudi, Cic. ; b, with ace, 
unum, hoc unum, Cic. ; c, with inflii-, or ace. 
and infln., studeo scire quid egeris, I should 
like to know, Cic. ; d, with ut or ne and the 
subj., id studere, ne super impunitatem etiam 
praemio sceleris frucretur, Liv. II. Esp., tu 
take sides loith, to support, favour; alicni, Cic. 

studiose, adv. (studiosus), a, eagerly, zeal- 
ously, diligently; qui haec caelestia vel studi 
osissiine solet quaerere, Cic. ; b, intentionally, 
designedly ; quum studiose de absentibus detrah- 
cudi causa malitiose dicitur, Cic. 

studiosus -a -um (studinm), eager, zealous, 
diligent, anxious for, striving after anything, 
fond of. I. Gen., with genit, venandi, Cic; 
dicendi, Cic. ; atudioaissimua homo natandi, 
Cic. ; with in and the abl., hoc te studiosiorem 
in me colendo fore, Cic. II. Esp., A. favour- 
able to a person, attached to, devoted to ; inei, Cic. ; 
studiosissiinus existiinationis mcae, Cic. B. 
devoted to learning, studious; cohors, Hor. 
Plur. subst., studlosl -Oram, ra. students, Cic. 
Btudium -II, n. (studeo), zeal, eagerness, 
ea^er application, assiduity, fondness, desire, 
striving after. I. Gen., with subject, genit., 
auiiei, Cic. ; with object, genit, veri reperiendi, 



stu 



544 



sua 



Cic. ; ptignandi, Caes. ; stadium quaestfls, Cic. ; 
al)sol., incensi sunt studio, Cic; omite stadium 
ru aliquid conferre, Cic. ; studio accusare, pas- 
sionately, Cic. IL Esp., particular inclination 
toicards a person or a thing. A. Towards a 
person, attachment to, zeal for, devotion to, good- 
will towards; stadia competitorum, Cic; studia 
Numidaruni in Jugurtham accensa, ball. B. 
Towards a thing, 1, fondness for, partiality, in- 
clination; suo qnisque studio maxime ducitur, 
Cic; 2, application to learning, study; juris, 
Cic ; studiis iilis se dare, Cic. 

stulte, adv. with coinpar. and superl. 
(stultus), foolishly, sillily, Cic. 

stultiloquentia -ae, f. (stulte and loquor), 
foolish talk, Plaut. 

stultiloquus -a -um (stulto and loquor), 
talking foolishly, Plaut. 

Stultitia -ae, f. (stultus), foolishness, folly, 
silliness, stupidity; multorum stultitiam per- 
pessum esse, Cic; plur. , honiinuiu ineptias 
ac stultitias non ferebat, Cic. 

stultividua -a -um (stulte and video), seeing 
things foolishly, in a foolish light, Plaut. 

stultus -a -um (connected with stolidus), 
foolish, silly, fatuous; a, of poisons, reddere 
aliquem stultiorem, Cic. ; stultissima persona, 
Cic. Subst., stultus -i, m. a simpleton, a fool, 
Cic; b, transf., of things, loquacitas, Cic; 
consilium, Cic. 

stupa = stuppa (q.v.). 

stupefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., stupS- 
f lO -factus sum -fieri (stupeo arid facio), to make 
senseless, benumb, stun, stupefy; privatos luctus 
Btupefecit publlcua pavor, Liv.; partic, stupe- 
factus -a -um, astounded, Cic. 

Stupeo -rti, 2. (connected with TYn-w, 
tu'tttu, to strike and stun by a blow). I. to be 
stunned. A. Physically, to be struck senseless, 
to be stunned ; partic, atupena, stunned, stupefied ; 
quum semisomnus atuperet, Cic B. Mentally, 
to be astounded, amazed ; haec quum loqueris nos 
stupenius, Cic ; with abl. (at or by), carmin- 
ibus, Hor.; with in and the abl., in Turno.Verg.; 
with ad and the ace, ad auditas voces, Verg. ; 
with ace, donum exitiale Minervac, is as- 
tonished at, Verg. ; with ace and infin., Verg. ; 
partic, stupens, astonished, amazed; quae quum 
merer stupens, Cic II. Transf., of inanimate 
tilings, to stand still, to rest; stupuit Ixionis 
orbis, Ov.; stupente seditione, Liv.; stupuerunt 
verba palate, died away, Ov. 

Stupesco, 3. (stupeo), to begin to be amazed, 
astounded, Cic. 

stupiditas -iltis, f. (stupidns), dulness, 
stupidity, senselessness, Cic. 

Stupidus -a -um (stupeo), 1, senseless, 
stunned, Cic; 2, senseless, stupid, dull; stupid- 
inn esse Socratem dixit, Cic. 

Stupor -oris, m. (stupeo). I. a, senseless- 
ness, insensibility; aensus, Cic; in oorpore, 
Cic. ; b, astonishment, amazement ; stupor paties 
detixit, Liv. ; meton., a startled man, Cat. II. 
senselessness, stupidity, Cic. 

Stuppa (Stupa) -ae, f. (o-rvmrq), tow, oakum, 
Caes., Liv. 

stupparlus -a -um (stuppa), of or relating 
to tovi, Plin. 

Stuppeus (stupgu3) -a -um (stuppa), made 
of tow or oakum; vineula, Verg. 

Stuprator -Oris, m. (stupro), a ravisher, 
defiler, Quint. 

Stupro, 1. (atuprum), to defile. I. Gen., 
puivinar, Cic. II. Esp., to defile, pollute by 
lust, rax-isk, Cic. 



Stuprum -i, n. pollution by lust, a dcbdUch' 
imj, lavishing, violation, Cic 

sturnus -i, m. a starling, a stare, Plin. 

Styglalis, Stygius v. Styx. 

Stylobates -ae and -is, m. (crTv\opa.Tn<;), the 
pedestal of a row of columns, Varr. 

stymma -Stis, n. (tn-v/Kfia), the main ingre- 
dient of a scih-e or ointment, Plin. 

Stymphalus (-5s) -i, m. and Stymphal- 

um -i, n. (STv/i'/iraAo;), a lake with a river and, 
town of the same, name in Arcadia, famous in 
legend as the abode of birds of prey with iron 
feathers, which fed on human flesh, and were de- 
stroyed by Hercules. Hence, A. Stymphal- 
Icus -a -um, Stymphalian. B. Stymphalis 
-Idis, f. Stymphalian. C. otymphallus -a-um, 
Stymphalian. 

StyptlCUS -a -um (o-tvtttiko;), astringent, 
styptic, Plin. 

Styrax -iieis, m. (crnipa£), storax, a resinous 
fragrant gum, Plin. 

Styx, Stygis and Stygos, ace. Stygem and 
Styga, f. (2tv£). I. a river in the infernal 
regions by which, the gods swore. II. Poet., 
meton., the lower world, Verg. Llence, A. 
Styglalis -e, belonging to the Styx, Stygian. 
B. Stygius -a -um, Stygian, infernal; cymba 
or carina, the boat of Charon, Verg. ; Juppiter, or 
pater, or rex, Pluto, Verg. ; hence, hellish = 
fatal, deadly, sad; bubo, Ov. ; vis, Verg. 

suadela -ae, f. (suadeo). I. persuasion, 
Plaut. II. Personif., Suadela = Uei9m, the 
goddess of persuasion, Hor. 

suadeo, auasi, suasum, 2. (root SUAD, Gr. 
'AA-e'w, av&dvio), lit., to present in a pleasing man- 
ner. Hence, I. Intransit. , to advise, give advice ; 
an C. Trebonio persnasi cui ne suadere quidem 
ausus essem? Cic. ; in suadendo et diasuadeudo, 
Cic; of things aa subjects, suadet enim vesaua 
fames, Verg. II. Transit., A. to advise something, 
recommend something, recommend to; a, with ace, 
pacem, Cic; legem, Cic; quod ipse tibi suascris, 
Cic. ; with ace of pers., non desino tamen per 
litterns rogare, suadere, accusare regem, Cic; b, 
with inftn., mori, Cic. ; c, with ace and infln., 
nullani esse rationem amittere eiusinodi occas- 
ioneni, Cic ; d, with ut or ne and the subj., 
postea me, ut sibi essem legatus, non solum 
suasit, verum etiam rogavit, Cic ; e, with subj. 
alone, se suadere, Pharnabazo id negotium daret, 
Nep. B. to convince, persuade, Plaut. 

suarlus -a -um (sus), of or relating to swine, 
Plin. Subst., suarius -ii, m. n swineherd, Plin. 

suasio -onis, f. (suadeo).- I. advice, Sen. 
II. Esp., a, polit. t. t., the advocacy, recom- 
mendation of a proposed law; legis Scrviliae, 
Cic; b, rhet. t. t, , eloquence of the persuasive 
kind, Cic. 

SUasor -oris, in. (suadeo), an adviser, coun- 
sellor ; facti, Cic. ; deditionis, Cic. ; esp., one 
who advocates a proposed law; iegis, Liv. 

SuasoriUS -a -um (suadeo), relating to per. 
suasion, Quint. Hence, subst., suasoric* 
-ae, f. persuasive discourse or eloquence, Quint. 

suasus -us, m. (suadeo), a persuading, e*. 
horting, persuasion, Plaut., Ter. 

suave, adv. (suavis) = suaviter, sweetly, 
pleasantly; suave rubens, Verg. 

suavSolens -entia, and suave Slens 
-entis (suave and oleo), siceet-smelling, Cat. 

suavidicus -a -um (suave and dico), sweetly 
speaking, Lucr. 

suavillum (savlllum) I, n. (suavis), a 
kind of sweet cake, Cnto. 



sua 



545 



sub 



BUavIloquens -entis (suave and loquor), 
sweetly speaking, agreeable, Lucr. 

suavlloquentia -ae, f. (suaviloquens), a 
tweet, agreeable manner of speaking, Cic. 
suaviloquus = suavfloqnena (q.v.). 
suaviolum = savioium (q.v.)- 
suavior = savior (q.v.). 
suavis -e (connected without), sweet, pleas- 
ant, agreeable, delightful. I. As regards the 
senses, odor, Cic. ; ftores, Lucr. II. As regards 
the mind, litterae tuae, Cic. 

suavitas -atis, f. (suavis), sweetness, agree- 
ableness, pleasantness. I. For the senses, cibi, 
Cic. ; odorum, Cic. ; colons, Cic. II. As re- 
gards the mind, vitac, Cic. ; cuius exiinia 
suavitas, Cic. 

suaviter, adv. (suavis), sv:eetly, agreeably, 
pleasantly, delightfully. I. As regards the 
senses, q'uain suaviter voluptas sensibus blandi- 
otur, Cic. II. As regards the mind, loqui, 
meminisae, Cic. ; suavissime scriptae litterae, 
Cic. 
suavitudo = suavitas (q.v.). 
suavium = savinm (q.v.). 
sub, prej). with abl. and ace. (connected with 
vtto). I. With abl., A. Of place, 1, to express 
staying under, tinder; a, with verbs implying 
rest, under; sub terra habitare, Cic; subpellibus 
hiemure, Cic; vitain sub divo agere, Hor. ; 
transf., sub ai mis esse, to be under arms, Caes. ; 
sub corona, sub hasta venders, Cic. ; b, with 
verbs of motion, sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos 
misit, Liv. ; 2, to express nearness to, beneath, 
under, at the bottom of at the foot of; castra sub 
monte consodit, Caes. ; sub ipsis Numantiae 
moenibus, Cic. ; transf., sub oculis dotniui, 
Liv.; sub manu esse, Caes.; 3, down in, within; 
silvis inventa sub altis, Ov. ; 4, just behind; 
quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat, Verg. B. Of 
time, 1, during, at the time of, within; primis 
spectata sub annis, Ov. ; 2, at, near to ; sub luce 
urbem ingressus, Liv.; subadventu Romanorum, 
Liv. C. Of condition, 1, to express subjection, 
under, beneath; sub iinperioalicuius, Caes.; sub 
regno alicuius, Cic; sub rege, uwler the rule of a 
king, Cic. ; sub judice lis est, before the judge, 
Hor. ; 2, at, on, under ; Bacchi sub nomine risit, 
Ov. ; multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur, 
Tac. II. With ace, A. Of place, 1, to express 
motion, under; manuni sub vestimenta deferre, 
Plaut. ; exercituin sub jugum mittere, Caes. ; 
transf., sub sensum cadere non possunt, Cic; 
2, to express motion near to, under, beneath, at 
the bottom of, very near to; sub montem suc- 
cedunt milites, Caes. B. Of time, 1, about, 
towards, just before; Pompeius sub noctem 
naves solvit, about night, towards night, Caes. ; 
sub galli cantum, about cockcrow, Hor. ; 2, im- 
mediately after; sub eas litteras statim recitatae 
sunt tuae, Cic. C. To express subjection, 
under; matrimoniuin vos sub legis superb- 
issimae vincula conjicitis, Liv. (sub in com- 
position, = a, under; b, somewhat, a little; c, 
tecretly). 

subabsurde, adv. (subabsurdus), somewhat 
absurdly, Cic. 

subabsurdus -a -urn, somewhat absurd,some- 
what foolish, Cic. 

SUbaccuso, 1. to accuse, blame, find fault 
with a little; aliquem, Cic. 

subacidus -a -um, somewhat sour, acid, 
Cato. 

SubactlO -finis, f. (subigo), a, working up, 
preparing ; tig., preparation, discipline. Cic- 
subaotus = snbactio (q.v.> 

Id 



subaeratus -a -um, having copper inside or 
underneath, Pers. 

subagrestis -e, somewhat rustic, somewhat 
boorish; consilium, Cic. 

subalaris -e, under the arms, under the arm- 
pits, Nep. 

SUbalbicans -antis, somewhat white, whitish, 
Varr. 
siibalbidus -a -um, whitish, Plin. 
subalplnus -a -um, beneath or near the Alps, 
Plin. 

siibamarus -a -um, somewhat bitter; sub- 
amara aliqua res, Cic. Plur. subst., sub- 
amara -orttm, n. things somewhat bitter, Cic 

subaquilus -a -um, somewhat dark-coloured, 
brownish, Plaut. 

silbarator -oris, m. (subaro), oi\e who ploughs 
near anything, Plin. 
SUbaro, 1. to plough close to anything, Plin. 
SUbarrogautor, adv. somewhat arrogantly 
or proudly, Cic 
subausculto, 1. to listen secretly, Cic. 
subbasilicanus -i, m. (sub and basilica), 
one who lounges about a basilica, Plaut. 
SUbbibO -bibi, 3. to drink a little, Suet. 
subblandior, 4. to flatter, coax, caress a 
little, Plant. 
subbrevis -e, somewhat short, Plin. 
SUbcavus -a-um, somewhat hollow, Lucr. 
subcenturio = succenturio (q.v.). 
subcingo = succingo (q.v.). 
subcontumelldso, adv. somewhut inso- 
lently; aliquem tractare, Cic 
subcrosco — succresco (q.v.). 
subcrispus -a -um, somewhat curled ; cap- 
illus, Cic. 
subcumbo = succumbo (q.v.). 
subdobllis -e, somewhat lame, Suet. 
SUbdebilitatus -a -um, somewhat discour- 
aged, wanting in spirit, Cic. 

subdialis -e (snbdio), in the open air, Plin. 
Subst., SUbdialia -lum, n. open galleries, bal- 
conies, Plin. 

subdlfficllis-e, somewhat difficult; quacstio 
subdifficilis, Cic. 

subdiffldo, 3. to be somewhat mistrustful, 
Cic. 

SUbdltlVUS -a -um (subdo), supposititious, 
not genuine, false; archipirata, Cic. 

subdito, 1. (intens. of subdo), to supply, 
apply, Lucr. (?) 

subdo -didi -dltum, 3. I. to put, place, lay, 
set under; 1, lit,, a, ignes, Cic; se aquis, to 
dive under, Ov. ; b, partic, subditus, of places, 
lying under or near; subdita templo Appia. 
Ov. ; 2, tig., a, irae facem, Lucr. ; alicui acri- 



orcs ad studia diceudi faces, Cic ; alicui spiritus, 
to infuse, Liv. ; b, esp., to subject, subdue; ne 
feminae imperio subderentur, Tac. II. to ptU 
in the place of another, substitute. A. Gen., m* 
in llirtii locum, Cic B. to substitute falsely, 
counterfeit, suborn ; testamenta, Tac 

SUbdocco, 2. to teach as an assistant, to assist 
in teaching, Cic 

subdole, adv. (subdolus), somewhat slyly, 
craftily, Cic 

subdolus -a -um, somewhat sly, crafty, cun- 
ning, deceitful; oratio, Caes. 

subdomo, 1. to lame, subject by taming, 
Plaut. 



sub 



546 



Sub 



subdiibito, 1. to doubt or hesitate a little, be 
undecided ; snbdubitare te, qua essem erga ilium 
vol nutate, Cic. 

subduco -duxi -diictuni, 3. I. to draw from 
wider, to withdraw, take away, esp., secretly. A. 
Lit., 1, gen., enseni capita, Verg. ; lapides ex 
turri, (Jaes..; transf., se subdueere - colles incipi- 
unt, to withdraw themselves gradually, i.e., slope 
down to, Verg. ; 2, esp., a, to take away to some 
place, lead away, draw ojf; aliquem in oontionein, 
Liv. ; esp., as milit. t.t., cohortcs o dextro 
cornu, Liv. ; copias in proximum collem, Caes. ; 

b, to take away secretly, to steal ; I'm to obsides, 
Liv. ; sesubducere, to withdraw secretly, go away 
quietly, tostealaway ; decirculo se subduxit, Cic. ; 

c, to take away ; cibum athletae, Cic. ; pugnae 
Tunium, Verg. B. Transf., subducere rationein, 
or ratiunculain, to balance an account, cast up, 
reckon, Cic. ; so also calculos, Cic. ; sumniam, 
Cic. II. to draw upon high, lift up; 1, gen., 
cataractamin tantuin altitudinis, Liv. ; 2, esp., 
naut. t.t., to draw or haul up a ship on shore ; 
classem, Liv. ; naves, Caes. 

subductarius -a -uin (subduco), useful for 
drawing up; funis, Cato. 

subductio -Onis, f. (subduco). I. the draw- 
ing up of a ship on dry land, Caes. II. a reckon- 
ing, computing, Cic. 

subduleis -e, somewhat sweet, Plin. 

SUbdurus -a -um, somewhat hard, Q. Cic. 

SUbedO -edi -esum, 3. to eat under, wear 
away; scopulus. quern rauca Bubederat nnda, 
Ov. 

sr. beo -Ti -I him -Ire, to go under, come under, 
pass vntler, dive under, crawl, under. I. A. Lit, 
a, witli a prep., subit oras liasta perinias clipei, 
verg. ; b, with dat., lueo, Verg. ; as a bearer 
(under a burden), ingenti feretro, Verg. ; C, with 
aec, aquas, Ov. ; tectum lion subisse, Cac^;. ; 
mucronem, to run under, Verg. ; as a beaver, 
onus dorso gravius, Hor. ; d, absol., ille astu 
subit, Verg. B. l°ig. to go under (as a burden), 
to submit to, to take, upon oneself; quamvis car- 
nilicinam, Cic; quemqne casum, Cic; pro 
ainico periculuin aut invidiam, Cic, ; minus 
Bermonis subissem, Cic. II. to approach to. 
A. to come near a point, advance to, mount to, 
climb to; 1, lit., a, (a) with prep., sub orbem 
soiis (of tlie moon), Liv. ; in latebras, Ov. ; ad 
urbem, Liv. ; (/3) with dat., mum, Verg. ; (y) 
with aec, muros, Liv. ; (6) absol., pone subit 
conjux, Verg. ; b, to abroach secretly or gradu- 
ally, to steal into ; (o) with aec.,lumina fessa (of 
sleep), Ov. ; (£) absol., an subit (amor), Ov. ; c, 
of water, to approach near, to wash ; ubi maxime 
montes Crotonenses Trasumenus subit, Liv. ; 
•2, lig. ; a, to come under ; (a) with sub and the 
nee., sub acumen stili, Cic; (/3) with ace., 
clarum subit Alba Latinnm, comes under the rule 
of, Ov. ; b, to approach some action, to undertake, 
take upon oneself ; with ace, invicein proeliuin, 
Liv.,; c, of situations or conditions, to come 
upon one, happen to, befall ; (a) with dat., sube- 
nnt mihi fastidia cunctaruin, Ov. ; (fi) with ace, 
horror auiinum subit, Tac ; (y) with infill., 
subit ira cadentem nicisci patrinin, Verg. ; (5; 
ahs^'., to draw near, come; snbeunt inorbi 
tristisque senectus et labor, Verg. ; d, of 
thoughts, to occur, come into tlte mind, creep in ; 
(o) with dat., subeant aninio Latmia s.ixa tuo, 
Ov. ; (/3) with ace, mentem patriae subiit pictatis 
imago, Verg. ; with ace and inlin., cogitatio an- 
iniuin subiit indignum esse, etc., Liv. ;(y) absol., 
subiit cari genitoris imago, Ov. B. to come im- 
mediately after, to take the place of to follow; 1, 
1!., a, with dat., primac legioni terlia, dexterae 
alae sinistra subiit, Liv. ; b, villi ace, furcas 
subiere columuae, Ov. ; 2, lig., a, with in and 



the ace. , in eorum locum subiere fraudes, Ov. ; b» 
absol., pulchra subit fades, Ov. (perf., subivit. 
Ov.). 

suber -Sris, n. the cork-tree, Verg. 

subf ... v. suff. . . . 

subg ... v. sugg. . . . 

subhorridus -a -um, somewhat rough, Cic. 

subicio, v. subjicio. 

subigo -Pgi -actum, 3. (sub and ago), todrive 
under. I. to drive under or to a place; 1, lit., 
sues in umbrosum locum, Varr., ; naves ad cas» 
tellum, Liv. ; adverso ilumine leiubutn rem- 
igio, to row, Verg. ; ratem conto, to push, Verg. ; 
2, transf., to drive a person, to do something 
against his will, to force, compel ; gen., witli ad 
or in and the ace, Volscos ad deditionem, Liv. ; 
with inlin. or aec and inlin., Tarquinienses 
metu suliegerat frumentum exercitui praebere, 
Liv. ; with ut and the subj., ut relinquant patriain 
atque eives, Liv. II. 1, to work through, to work 
thoroughly; in cote secures, to sharpen, Verg. ; 
digitis opus, to make smooth, Ov. : so esp., to 
work the earth, to break up, plough, cultivate ; 
terras rissiono. glebarum, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to 
tame; (a) of animals, beluafacilis ad subigendum, 
Cic. ; (/3) of men, to practise, train, inure ; tot 
subaeti atque durati bellis, Liv. ; b, to subdue, 
conquer; subaeti bello, Liv.; populos armis, 
Cic; partic subst., victi ac subaeti, Cic 

subimpudens -entis, somewhat impudent, 
Cic 

siibinanis -e, somewhat vain, Cic. 

subinde, adv. I. immediately upon, imme- 
diately after, Hor., Liv. II. repeatedly, from 
time to time, continually, Liv. 

siibinsulsus -a -um, somewhat insipid, Cic. 

subinvideo, 2. I. to envy somewhat ; sub- 
invideo tibi, Cic. IT. Partic, SUbinviSUS 
-a -um, somewhat hated, Cic 

subinvito, 1. to invite secretly; with ut and 
the subj., Cic. 

subirascor -Irasei, dop. to be a little angry ; 
interduni soleo subirasci, Cic. ; foil, by dat., 
brevitati litterarum, Cic; by quod, quod me 
non invitas, Cic 

SUbiratus -a -um, somewhat angry, Cic. 

SubitariUS -a -um (subitus), sudden, hasty ; 
exereitus, milites, legiones, gathered in haste, 
Liv. 

Sliblto, adv. (subitus), suddenly, unexpect- 
edly, on a sudden, Cic. ; dicere, to sjwak extem- 
pore, Cic. 

subitus -a -um, p. adj (from snbeo), sudden, 
unexpected. I. Adj., res, Cic; bellum, Caes. 
II. Subst., subitum -i, n. a sudden occurrence, 
■unexpected chance ; ad subita rerum, Liv. 

Sllbjaceo -jaciii, 2. I. to lie under or be- 
neath, Plin. II. to be subject to, belong to, to be 
connected with. Quint. 

subjecte, adv., only used in superl. (sub- 
jectus), submissively, Caes. 

subjectio -onis, f. (subjicio). I. a layhtg 
under, placing under; rerum, quasi jjcrantuv, 
suli aspectnm paene subjectio, Cic II. a coun- 
terfeiting, forging ; testauienti, Liv. III. lil.it. 

t.t. — ari<VTTo4>opii, the answer yiven by an orator 
to a ipiestinn 'which he has himself asked, Quint 

subject©, 1. (intens. of subjicio). I. to 
place, lay, put under; stimulos alieui, Hor. II. 
to throw up from below, Verg. 

subjector -oris, m. (subjicio), a forger, coun- 
terfeiter ; testamentorum, Cic. 

1. subjectus -u, m. (subjicio), a placing, 
laying under, Plin. 



BUO 



547 



8Ut> 



2. Subjoctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from subjicio). 
I. Of places, lying near, adjacent ; Heraclea, 
quaeest subjecta Candaviac, Caes. : alter(circulus 
tcrrae) subjectus aquiloni, Cic. II. Transf., a, 
subjected, subject to; nulli est naturae oboediena 
ant subjectus dens, Cic. Subst., subjecti 
-drum, in. subjects, dependents, Tan. ; b, exposed 
tu ; subjectior invidiae, Hor. 

subjicio (siibicio) -jeci -jectum, 3. (sub 
and jaeio). I. to throw, cast, place, set, put under. 
A. Lit., 1, gen., iguem, Cic. ; illiquid oculis, 
Cic. ; acdrs colli, to build under, Liv. ; castra 
urbi, to pitch under the walls of, Liv. ; 2, cap., a, 
lnilit. tit., to advance near; aciem collibus, or 
castris, legiones castris, Caes. ; b, to present; 
libelluiu alicui, Cic. B. Fig., 1, gen., ea quae 
sub sensua subjecta sunt, Cic. ; res, quae sub- 
jectae sunt sensibus, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to siibdue, 
subjugate, - subject ; Gallia securibus subjecta, 
Caes. ; se alicui, Cic. ; or se imperio alicui ua, 
Cic; b, to expose; fortunas innocentiuin tictis 
auditionibus, Caes. ; aliquid praeconi, Liv., or 
voci praeconis, Cic, or sub praeconem, Cic, to 
bring to the. hammer, have sold by auction ; c, to 
subordinate; partes generibus, Cic; d, in dis- 
course and writing, to place after, append, subjoin ; 
rationem, Cic. ; e, to whisper to, to suggest, to re- 
mind ; aubjicicna quid dicerem, Cic; consilia, 
Liv. ; spem alicui, to infuse, Liv. II. to throw 
from tinder; 1, to throw up onhigh, to raise, lift; 
regein in equum, Liv. ; reflex., alnua sesubjicit, 
shoots tip, Verg. ; 2, to haul from umler ; tragnlas 
inter carros, Caes. III. to substitute; 1, gen., 
pctiorem, Liv.; pro verbo proprio aubjicitnr 
aliud, quod idem signi fleet, Cic. ; 2, a, to forge, 
counterfeit ; testamenfA, Cic ; b, to suborn; 
Metellum, Caes. 

subjugius -a -um (sub and jugum), attached 
to the yoke, Cato. 

subjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. I. to join 
with, unite to; 1, lit., puppia rostra Plirygioa 
subjuncta leoncs, having affixed, Verg. ; 2, rig., 
oiimea artes oratori, Cic. ; carmina percussis 
nervia, with playing on the lyre, Ov. II. to 
yoke, harness; 1, lit., tigres curru, Verg. ; 2, 
fig., to subdue, subjugate; lubes sub imperium, 
Cic. ; sibi res, Hor. 

sublabor -lapsus sum -Labi, 3. dep. I. to 
glide, in, slide in, Verg. II. to glide, away; lig., 
retro sublapsa spes, verg. 

sublamina -ae, f. an under-plate, Cato. 

sublate, adv. (sublatus, from tollo), highly ; 
fig., a, loftily, sublimely ; dicere, Cic; h, proudly, 
haughtily ; de se sublatius dicere, Cic. 

sublatio -onis, f. (tollo), a lifting up, eleva- 
tion ; lig., animi, Cic. 

sublatus -a -um, p. adj. (from tollo), raised 
aloft, proud, haughty; with abl., hie victoria, 
Caes. ; rebus secundis, Verg. ; absol., leo lidens 
inagis et sublatior ardet, Ov. 

sublecto, 1. (from *sublicio, aa allecto 
from allicio), to flatter, wheedle, Plaut. 

sublego -legi -lectum, 3. I. to gather below, 
pick up, Hor. II, to carry of, catch up secretly ; 
liberoa parentibus, to kidnap, Plaut. ; lig., nos- 
trum scrinonem, to listen to secretly, Plant. III. 
to choose in the place of another person ; in demor- 
tuorum locum, Liv. ; e postremo in tcrtinm 
locum esse subiectuin, Cic. 

sublestus -a -um, slight, weak, trivial, Plaut. 

sublevatio -onis, f. (aublevo), a relieving, 
assuaging, Cic 

sublevo, 1. I. to lift up, hold up; ab iis 
sublevatus murum ascendit, Caes. ; aliquem 
stratum ad pedes, Cic. II. Transf., to lessen, 
diminish; pericula, Cic; oHensioncin, Cic; 



esp., a, to lessen or relieve by consoling ; res' fit- 
versas, Cic; b, to support ; causam inimici, Cic. 

sublica -ac, f. (u-~ofi\ri<;), a pile driven into 
the ground, palisade, Caes., Liv. ; esp. of tlio 
piles of a bridge, Caes. 

SUbllClUS -a -um (sublica), resting upon 
piles; pons, a wooden bridge across the Tiber, 
said to have been built by Aunts MartiUS, Liv. 

subligaculum -i, n. (subligo), a cloth worn 
round the loins, drawers, Cic. 

subligar -aria, n. = subligaculum (q.v.). 

subligo, 1. to bind hdow, bind on ; clipeuin 
Binistrae, Verg. 

sublime, adv., v. sublimis. 

SUblimiS -e (sublevo), high, I. Adj., A. Lit., 
high, lofty, exalted, lifted up ; a, cacumen niontis, 
Ov. ; b, in the air, aloft; subliiuia abiit, went away 
on high, Liv.; c, raised on high; iret consul sub- 
limis curru multijugis equis, Liv. B. Transf., 
sublime, elevated, lofty; a, mena, Ov. ; b, of 
style, lofty, sublime; carmina, Juv. II. Subst., 
sublime -is, n. height, Suet. III. Adv., 
sublime, on high, aloft; aer sublime fertur, 
Cic ; sublime elatus, Liv. (Other forms : sub- 
limua -a -um, Lucr. ; subllmen = sublime, adv., 
Enn. ap. Cic) 

sublimitas -atis, f. (sublimis), loftiness, 
height; a, lit., Plin. ; b, transf., loftiness, sub- 
limity, Plin. 

SUblimiter, adv. (sublimis), aloft, on high; 
sublimius attollere altum caput, Ov. 

sublimus, v. sublimis. 

sublingio -Onis, m. (sub and lingo), a scul- 
lion, Plaut. 

sublino -levi -litum, 3. I. to smear below, 
to lay on colour as a ground, Plin. II. Transf., 

1, to line, overlay, veneer with anything, Plin. ; 

2, lig., os alicui, to deceive, cozen, cajole, delude, 
Plaut. 

sublucanus -a -um (sub and lux), about 
daybreak, towards morning, Plin. 

subluceo -luxi, 2. to gleam forth, glimmer, 
Verg., Ov. 

subliio -lili -liltum, 3. I. <■> wash from 
below, bathe underneath, Mart. II. Transf., of 
rivers, to flow beneath, flow at the foot of; liunc 
montem (lumen subluebat, Caes. 

SUblustris -e (sub and lux), somewhat light, 
having a glimmering light ; nox, Hor. 

subluvies -ei, f. (sublno), a disease in the 
feet of sheep, Plin. 

submergo -mersi -mersnm, 3. to plunge 
under, to sink; pass., submergi = to dive or 
plunge under ; of persons, to bedrowned ; navem, 
Tac. ; with abl., classem Argivuin ponto, Verg. ; 
often in pass., submersae belnac, living under 
the water, Cic ; submersus equus voraginibus, 
Cic; with in and the abl., ferrum submersum in 
unda, Ov. 

subministro, 1. to aid, give, furnish, sup- 
ply. I. Lit., tela clam, Cic; alicui pecuniam, 
Cic II. Fig., huicarti plurima adjumenta, Cic 

submisse (summisse), adv. (submissua). 

I. Of speech, softly, calmly; dicere. Cic. ; Demo- 
sthenes submissiua a priino, Cic. II. Of charac- 
ter, modestly, humbly, submissively ; supplicare, 
Cic. ; submissiua nos geramus, Cic 

submissim (summissim), adv. (sub- 
missus), gently, sojtly, quietly, Suet. 

submissio (summisslo) -on is, f. (sub? 

mitto), a letting down, sinking, lowering; con- 

tentio vocis et submissio, Cic. ; orationis, Cic • 

submissus (summissus) -a -um, p. adj. 

(from submitto). I, lowered, low: vertex, Ov.; 



sub 



543 



sub 



subinisslores, in a lower }>osition, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. Applied to the voice, low, soft, 
gentle; used of discourse, quiet, mild, gentle; 

a, vox, Cic. ; b, quiet, unpretentious ; submissa 
dioere, Cic ; orutor, Cic. B. Of character, a, 
In a bad sense, mean, abject; subniissiuu vivere, 
Cic; ne quid humile, submission faciamus, Cic; 

b, in a good sense, humble; submissi petimus 
terram, Yorg. 

aubmltto (summitto) -mlsi -missum, 3. 

1. w let down. A. Lit., 1, gen., fasces, to 
lower, Liv. ; alicui se ad pedes, to fall at the feet 
of, Liv. ; 2, esp., of places, in pass., submitti, as 
middle = to sinkjSlopc down ; submissa fastigio 
planities, Liv. B. Fig., 1, gen., aninios, cause 
to sink, Liv. ; se, to abase oneself, Cic; 2, esp., 
a, to diminish, lessen; multum (in discourse), 
■not to speak strongly, Cic. ; b, to give over ; 
alicui iinperium, Liv.; c, to subject to, subordinate 
to ; citharae cannas, Ov. ; d, to slacken, relax ; 
furorem, Vtrg. II. to place under; fig., to sub- 
mit; animos ainori, Verg. III. to send up from 
below, to raise; 1, gen., oculos, Ov. ; 2, esp., 
a, to cause to spring up; Mores, Luer. ; transf., 
to produce ; uon monstrum suinmisere Colclii 
inajus, Hor. ; b, to let grow ; capillum, Plin. : c, 
to rear; vitulos, Verg. IV. to send secretly; 
aliquem, Cic; subsidia alicui, Caes. 

submoleste (summoleste), adv. (snb- 
mole stns), withsome vexation; te non esse Romae 
submoleste fero, Cic. 

* submolestus (summSlestus) -a -tun, 
somewhat vexatious; illud est inihi snbmolestum 
quod paruni properaro Brutus videtur, Cic 

siifcmdneo (summinfo) -month", 2. to 
remind secretly, Ter. 

snbmorosus (summorosus) -a -urn, some- 
what morose, somevhat peevish, Cic. 

subraotor (summotor) -oris, m. (sub- 
Tnoveo), one who clears a s/xice in ff crowd, Liv. 

submoveo (summ5veo) -raovl -mOtum, 

2. to wire away, drive away, remove. I. Lit,., 

A. Gen., a, of persons, aliquem, Ov. ; stiictis 
gladiis inertes, Liv.; populum aris, Ov. ; b, of 
things, silva Buis frondibus Phoebeos submovet 
ictus, keeps off, Ov. ; subiuotis nubibus, Verg. 

B. Esp., 1, of living beings, a, to remove, cause. 
to witlulraw ; arbitros, Liv. ; recusantcs nostros 
advocatos, Cic. ; b, of tlie lictor, to clear a way 
for a magistrate, to keep off, move back; turbaui, 
Liv.; submoveri .jubet, Liv.; abl. absol., sub- 
moto, when a way had beeyi cleared, Liv. ; o, to 
banish, expel; aliquem patriS, Ov. ; d, to drive 
off in a hostile manner, drive away, force back; 
cohortes sub murum, Cans. ; vlctorem hostem a 
vallo, Liv. ; lmstes ex muro ac turribus, Caes. ; 
2, of things, a, to remove, more back; maris 
litora, Hor.; b, pass, par tic, submolus, lying 
out of the way, remote ; speluiiea vasto suhmota 
recessu, Verg. II. Trail?*'., 1, of poisons, to 
keep away from, force from, compel to give up ; a 
bello Antiochum et Ptolemaeum reges, Liv. ; 
aliquem magnitudine poenae a maleflcio, Cic. ; 
2, of things, to remove, banish ; tttnmltus mentis 
et curas, Hor. 

submuto (summuto), 1. to exchange; 
verba pro verbis, Cic 

subnascor -natus sum, 3. dep. to grow up 
under, grow up out of or after, Ov. 

SUbneotO -nexfii -nexum, 3. I. to hind, tie, 
bind on beneath; antennis totnm snbnectite 
velum, Ov. II. to join or tie together; aurea 
pnrpuream snbnectit fibula vestem, Verg. 

subnego, 1. to deny a little, partly deny, 
Cic. 

subnlger -t;ra -gin ni, somewhat black, black- 
Uh, Plant. 



subnixus (submsus) -a -urn (sub ami 
nitor). I. propped under; initra meiitum et 
erinem subnixus, bound under, Verg. II, sup- 
ported by, resting upon; a, lit., circuli vertic- 
ibus .subnixi, Cic. ; b, tig., trusting, relying 
upon, depending upon ; with abl., atixiliis, Liv. ; 
victoriS, Liv. ; qui artis arrogantia ita subnixi 
ambulant, Cic. 

SUbnotO, 1. I. to markbeneath, write under- 
neath, Plin. II. to observe, notice secretly, 
Mart. 

subnuba -ae, f. (sub and uubo), a rival, Ov. 

subnubilus -a -um, somewhat cloudy; nox, 
Caes. 

subo, 1. to be in heat, Lucr., Hor. 

subobsooenus (subobscenus) -a -um, 

somewhat obscene, Cic 

subobscurus -a -um, somewhat obscure, Cic. 

SUbddiosus -a -um, somewhat odious, un- 
pleasant, Cic. 

siiboffendo, 3. to give some offence; apud 
aliquem, Cic. 

subolSo, 2- lit, to emit a smell ; hence, fig., 
hoc subolet inihi, or subolet inihi, I smell, per- 
ceive, scent, Plaut. 

suboles (soboles) -is, genit. plur., -um 
(subolesco). I. Of things, a sprout, shoot, off- 
sltoot, sucker, Plin. II. Of living beings, of men 
and animals, race, offspring, progeny, issue; a, 
of men, stirpis, Liv. ; juventntis, Cic. ; of one 
person, suboles imperatorum (of Scipio), Liv. ; 
b, of animals, haedus, suboles lascivi gregis, 
Hor. 

subolesco, 3. (sub and olesco = alesco), to 
grow up, Liv. 

SUbdrior, 4. dep. to arise, come, forth, spring 
up, Lucr. 

SUbomo, 1. I. to furnish, equip, provide; 
a natura subornatus, Cic; tig., legati Bubornati 
criminibus, Liv. II. to incite, instigate secretly, 
suborn ; flctunt testein, Cic; aliquem ad caedem 
regis, Liv. 

siibortUS iis, m. (suborior), a coming forth, 
arising, Lucr. 

subp ... V. SUpp. . . . 

subrado (surrado) -rasi -rasum, 3. to 
scrape below, Cato. 

subrancidus (surrancldus) a um, 
somewhat putrid ; caro, Cic. 

subraucus (surraucus) -a -um, some- 
what hoarse ; vox, Cic. 

subroctus (surrectus), v. subrigo. 

subremigo (surremigo), 1. (orow under- 
neath, row along, Verg. 

subrepo (surropo) -repsi -reptum, 3. to 
creep or crawl from below, creep to, approach im- 
perceptibly ; a, lit., sub tabulas, Cie. ; nioenia, 
Hor. ; b, transf., somnus in oculos subrepit, 
Ov. ; Bubrepet iners oetns, Tib. 

subrepticius (surrepticius) -a -um 
(snrripio), 1, stolen, kidnapped, Plaut. ; 2, secret, 
surreptitious, Plaut. 

subrldeo (currideo) -risi -risnni, 2. to 
smile, Cic 

subridiciilo (surrldlcul6),adv. somewhat 
laughably, Cic. 

subrigo (surrlgo) and contr., surgo, 
BUrrexi, surrectum, 3. (sub and rego). I. sub- 
rigo (surrigo) -rexi, etc, to raise on high, lift 
up; p:iss., subrigi, to rise up ; partic, snbreclus, 
rising up; aures, Verg. ; subrecto mucrone, Liv. 
II. surgo, Biurexi, surrectum. A. Transit., to 
■roi<e up, lift, Plant. B. Intransit.-, to rise, rite. 



sub 



549. 



sub 



up erect, stand up; 1, gen., e lectulo, Cic; de 
selln, Cic; liuuiu Ov. ; poet., surgit ab Arpis 
Tydides, comes /• mi, Verg. ; 2, cap., a, of 
orators, to risi up to freak, to come fonro.nl ; ad 
d. end urn, Cic. ; b, tc rise up from bed or sleep ; 
ante lucem, Cic. ; 3, transf., a, to arise, appear, 
bea dm visible ; stirgit dies, Verg. ; ventus, Verg.; 
lig , diacordia, Verg. ; b, to grow up, become 
larger ; (u) of 'hings, as seed, Hor. ; of the sea, 
Ov. ; of buii ngs, surgens novae Carthaginis 
urbs, Verg. ; (/i) of living beings, to grow up; 
surgens lulus, Verg. (sj'ncop. pert inlln., sur- 
rexe, Hor.). 

subrigiius (surrlgiiua) -a -um, watered, 
irrigated, Plin. 

subringor (surringor), 3. dep. to make a 
somewhat wry face, to be a little put out, Cic. 
subriplo = Burripio (q.v.). 

subrSgo (surrogo), 1. to cause a person to 
be i7ii.sc/i til place of or as substitute for another 
(used of the magistrate presiding at the eomitia, 
sufflcere of the people choosing); in anuum 
proximum decemviros alios, Cic. ; eollegam in 
locum Bruti, Liv. ; with double ace, sibi Sp. 
Lucretium eollegam, Cic. 

subrostrani (surrostrani) -arum, in. 

(sub and rostra), loungers about the rostra, idlers; 
ap. Cic. 

subrubeo (surrubSo), 2. to be somewhat 
■red ; part., subrubens = reddish, Ov. 

subriiblcundus (surrfibicundus) -a 
-urn, somewhat red, reddish, Plin. 

subrufus (surrufus) -a -uin, widish, 
Plin. 

subrumus (surrumus) -a -um (sub aud 
runia), sucking ; agnus, Varr. 

subruo (surruo) -rui -rfitum, 3. to tear 
down below, dig under, undermine, overthrow, 
destroy. I. Lit., arbores, Caes. ; murum, Liv. 
II. Fig., to destroy, undermine; nostram liber- 
tatem, Liv. 

subrusticus (surrusticus) -a -um, some- 
what clownish ; pudor, Cic. 

subrutiliis (surr Stilus) -a -um, reddish; 
color, Plin. 

SUbsalSUS -a -um, somewhat salt, Plin. 

subscribo -scripsi -scriptum. 3. I. to write 

tinder, write beneath. A. Gen., statuis sub- 
Bcripsit reges esse exactos, Cic; causam parri- 
cidii, Cic. ; haec subscribe libello, Hor. B. 
Esp., 1, to sign a document ; a, lit., Suet. ; b, 
transf., to support, assent to, approve of; odiis 
aceusatorum, Liv. ; irae Caesaris, Ov. ; 2, of 
the censor, to write the ground of his censure 
beneath the name of the person censured; istain 
causam, Cic. ; 3, of an accuser or joint-accuser, 
to write their names under the accusation; a, of 
the accuser, to sign a charge; hence, to prose- 
cute; subscripsit quod is pecuniam accepissct, 
accused him of having, etc., Cic. ; iu aliquem, to 
accuse, Cic. ; b, of a joint-accuser = to join in 
the accusation ; Gabiniuin de ambitu reum fecit 
subscribente privigno, Cic. II. to note down, 
■make a note of; numerum, Cic. 

subscriptio -5nis, f. (subscribo), a writing 
beneath, inscription. I. Gen., Cic. II. Esp., 
a, censoria, the noting down of the offence cen- 
sured; subscriptiones eensoruin, Cic; b, the 
signing of one's )ia»ie to an accusation; (a) of the 
accuser, Cic. ; (/3) of a joint-accuser, a joining in 
an accusation, Cic. ; c, the signing, subscription 
of a document, Suet. ; a, a register, Cic. 

SUbscriptor -oris, m. (subscribo), the signer 
of an indictment, a joint-accuser, Cic. 

gubsecivus = subsicivus (q.v.), 



subseco -seVfii -sec'-um, 1. to cut c.waybe-' 
low; ungues ferro, Ov. 

subscllium -ii, ii. (sub and gella). I. a 
low bench ov form, Varr. II. any ordinary or 
usual bench used for sitting on, Sen.; a bench in a 
theatre, Cic; of the senators in the senate-house, 
Cic; longi subsellii judicatio et mora, a hug 
sitting to decide, Cic. ; of the tribunes in tlie 
market, Liv. ; esp., of tlie benches of the judges, 
accusers, advocates, etc., Cic; meton., xubsellia 
= jiidieia, courts; habit-ire in subselliis, Cic. ; 
versa ii in utrisque subselliis (both as an advocate 
and judge) optima et ilde et fama, Cic. 

subsontio -sensi, 4. to notice, perceiee se- 
cretly, Ter. 

Subsdcjuor -seeutus(-sequutus)suiii, :',. dep. 
to fallow, follow after. I. a. lit., of persons, 
sigua, Caes. ; b, transf., of tilings, atella sub- 
Bequitur, Cic. ; hos inotus subsequi debet gestus, 
Cic. II. Kg., to follow, follow in opinion, 
comply with, imitate any one ; Platoneiu avuu- 
culuni, Cic ; suo fermone humauitatem litter- 
arum, Cic. 

SUbservio, 4. to be subject to, serve, subserve, 
comply with, Plant., Ter. 

subsicivus (subse'oivus) -a -um (sub and 
seco), cut off. ^I.Lit., t. t. of land-measuring; 
subst., subsecivum -i, n. a remainder or 
small parcel of land, Varr. II. Transf., of time, 
superfluous, spare ; tempora, leisure hours, Cic ; 
transf., of what is done in the leisure hours, 
quae (arripui) subsicivis operis, ut aiunt, Cic. 

SUbsidiariUS -a -um (subsidium), of or re- 
lating to a reserve, reserve ; cohortes, Caes., Liv.; 
subst., SUbsidiarii -Orum, in. reserve troops, 
Liv. 

subsldior, 1. dep. (subsidium), to serve as a 
reserve, Hirt. 

subsidium -Ii, n. I. Concr., milit. t. t., 
the troops stationed in the rear, reserved troops, a 
reserve, auxiliary forces ; subsidia et secundam 
aciem adortus, Liv. ; subsidium and subsidia 
submittere, Caes. II. Abstr., 1, nittit 1. 1., 
help, assistance (of such troops), subsidium ferre, 
Caes.; sub3idio proficisci, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, 
aid, means of aid, help, succour; subsidium 
bellissimum existimo esse senectuti otiuni, Cic; 
subsidio esse, of persons, to be a help to, Ov. ; 
of things, to serve as a help ; his difficultatibus, 
Caes. ; or oblivioni, Cic. ; b, a place of refuge, an 
asylum, Tac. 

subsido -sedi and -sidi -sessum, 3. I. to sit 
down, sauat, crouch down, settle down, sink 
down. A. Lit., 1, of living beings ; a, subsid- 
unt Hispaui, Liv. ; elephanti cluuibus sub- 
Bideutes, Liv.; b, to lie in wait for, lurk in 
ambush ; iu iusidiis, Liv. ; in loco, Cic. ; with 
ace, Asiam devictam, Verg.; c, of females, to 
submit to the male, Lucr., Hor. ; 2, transf., of 
things, to sink down, subside; subsiuunt undae, 
Verg. ; jussit subsidere valles, Ov. B. Fig., to 
abate, Plin. II. to remain sitting, to stay, re- 
main, settle; subsedi in via, Cic; multitude 
caloiiuui in castris subsederaut, Caes. 

subsignanus -a -um (sub and siguum), 
serving beneath the standard; milites, legionary 
soldiers kept as a reserve, Tac. 

subsigno, 1. I. to write beneath, sign, sub- 
scribe, Plin. II. Transf., 1, to enter on a list, 
to register ; praedia apud aerarimn, Cic ; 2, to 
pledge, Plin. 

subsilio (sussilio) -sllai, 4. to leap up, 
spring up, Lucr. 

subsimus -a -um, somewhat snub-nosed, Varr. 

subsisto -stlti, 3. I. Transit., to make a 
stand against, to withstand; feras, Liv.; Ito- 
manum nee fjejes subsistere \\]\%e poterant, I4Y. 



sub 



550 



sub 



II. Intransit., A. to stand still, come to a stand, 
halt ; 1, lit., a, of persons, in itiuere, Caes. ; b, 
of things, to stay, stop; substitit unda, Verg. ; 
2, fig., to cease; substitit clamor, Ov. B. to tarry, 
remain, abide; 1, lit., in Sainnio adrersus 
Caudinas legiones, Liv. ; 2, flg., intra priorem 
paupertatein, to remain, continue, Tac. C. to 
withstand, oppose, hold out ; 1, lit, a, of persons, 
Hannibali atque ejus armis, Liv. ; b, of tilings, 
quod neque aneorac funesque subsistcrent neque, 
etc,., Caes. ; 2, tig., to withstand, support ; sump- 
tui, a]). Cic. 

subsolanus_-a -uni, eastern, oriental, Plin. ; 
subst., subsolanus -i, m. the cast wind, Plin. 

STibsortior -sortitus sum, 4. dep. to choose 
by lot, to substitute ; judices, to choose fresh jury- 
men for those challenged by either party, Cic. 

subsortitio -onis, f. (subsortior), the choos- 
ing of a judicial substitute by lot ; judicata, Cic 

substantia -ae, f. (substo). I. sid>s!ance, 
essence, Quint. II. property, means of subsist- 
ence; faeultatum, Tac. 

substerno -sfcravi -stratum, 3. I. to streiv 
or sprcaxl beneath, lay under; 1, lit., cimiama, 
Ov. ; 2, fig., to offer, give up; ouinc corporeum 
animo, Cic. II. Transf., to cover; gallinae nidos 
quam possunt mollissime substernunt, Cic. 

substituo -ui -utum, 3. (sub ami statuo). X. 
to put under, place beneath; 1, lit., Auct. b. Air. ; 2, 
fig., substituerat amino speciem corporis, Liv. 
II. to put in the place of, substitute ; a, in locum 
eoruin cives Romanos, Cic. ; aliquem pro aliquo, 
Cic; aliquid pro aliqna re, Cic; b, lieredem, to 
name a second heir in. case of the death of the first, 
Huet. 

substo, 1. to stand firm, Ter. 

substramen -Inis, ri. (substerno), that which 
is strewed beneath, straw, litter, Varr. 

substratus -us, m. (substerno), a strewing, 
laying, scattering beneath, Plin. 

substrictus -a -um, p. adj. (from sub- 
Btringo), narrow, tight, contracted,, smail ; crura, 
Ov. 

substringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to draw 
together, to bind, tie beneath, bind up ; crinem 
jiodo, Tac ; aurem alicui, to prick up the ear 
(in order to listen to some one), Hor. 

substructlo -onis, f. (substruo), that whirh 
is built below, base, foundation ; substructionum 
moles, Caes. 

substriio -struxi -structum, 3. to build, con- 
struct beneath, lay a foundation ; Capitoliura snxo 
quadrato substructum est, built with a founda- 
tion of hewn sto:tc, Liv. 

SUbsultim, adv. (subsilio), springing up, 
1 "pi i'j up, Buet. 

subsulto (sussulto). 1. (iutens. of subsilio), 
to spring up, leap up, jump up, Plaut. 

subsum -fui -esse, to be under. I. Lit.., 1, to 
"be behind; snberat Pun ilicis umbrae, Tib.; 
nigra subest lingua palato, Verg. ; 2, tu ! 
at hand ; suberat nions, Caes. ; dies, Cic; templa 
mari subsunt,Ov. II. Fig., 1, to be subjected to, 
Ov. ; 2, to be there, to exist, to be in question; 
nubest nulla periculi suspicio, Cic. ; tamquain 
spes subesset, Liv. 

subsutus -a -um, sewed beneath; vestia, 
fringed, edged below, Hor. 

subtegiilaneus -a -um (sub and tegula), 
beneath the tiles, under the roof, in-doors, Plin. 

subtemen (subtegmen) -minis, n. (con- 
tracted from subteximen), that which i.< worked 
in; hence, I. the weft or woof in wearing, Ov. ; 
.fert picturatas auri subtemine veutes, Verg. II. 
Maton., that which is woven or spun, thread, 
yam, Tib. 



subtendo -tendi -tentum (-tensum), 3, to 

stretch underneath, Cato. 

si'.bteneo, 2. to hold underneath, Cato; 
(syncop. imper., subtento). 

SUbtenuls -e, somewhat thin, Varr. 

subter (sub;. I. Adv., betieath, below, under- 
neath ; omnia haec, quae supra et subter, Cic 
II. Prep., beneath, below, underneath ; a, with 
ace, cupiditatein subter praecordia locavit, Cic ; 
b, with abl., subter se, Cic. (in composition 
subter means under, beneath, as in snbtmfluo, or 
underhand, in secret, as subterduco). 

eubterduco, 3. to lead away secretly, carry 
off' secretly, Plaut. 

SUbterfluo, 3. to flow beneath, Plin. 

SUbtcrfuglO -fugi, 3. I. Intransit., to flee 
in secret, Plaut. II. Transit, to escape by stealth, 
evade, shun; poeuam, Cic; peiiculuin, Cic. 

subterlabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. I. to 
glide, flow under ;' Ructus Sicanos, Verg. II. .'o 
slip away secretly, to escape, Liv. 

subterlino, 3. to smear underneath, Plin. 
subtero -trivi -trltum, 3. to rub off, wear 
underneath, to grind, pound, Plin. 

subterrancus -a -urn (sub and terra), 
underground, subterranean; specus in iundo, 
Cic 

subtcrvacans -antis, empty below, Sen. 

subtexo -texiii -textuin, 3. I. to weave be- 
neath ; transf., a, to draw together under ; patrio 
capiti (the sun) bibnlas nubes, Ov.; b, tocover, 
darken ; caelum fumo, Verg. II. to weave on to; 
1, transf., to join to; liuiam alutae, Juv. ; 2, 
lig. , in speech, to connect, subjoin; subtcxit 
deiiide fabulae huic legates in senatu interrogat- 
es esse, Liv. 

subtilis -e (contracted from subtexilis, as 
tela from texela and exilis from exigilis), lit., 
finely woven; hence, I. thin, fine, slender; 1, 
lit., ilium, Lucr. ; 2, transf., a,, gen., fine, accu- 
rate, exact; descriptio, Cic; venustas, elegant, 
Cic; b, esp., of expression, plain, simple, un- 
adorned; oratio, Cic; subtilis scriptor atque 
elegans, Cic. ii. Of the senses, fine, acute; 1, 
lit., palatum, Hor. ; 2, transf., of taste and dis- 
cernment, fine, acute, subtle ; judicium, Cic. 

subtilltas -atis, f. (subtilis), thinness, fine- 
ness, minuteness. I. Lit, linearum, Plin. II. 
Transf., a, accuracy, fineness, subtlety, exactness ; 
sententiarum, Cic; sermonis, Cic; b, of dis- 
course, jilainncss, simplicity ; orationis, Cic 

subtiliter, adv. (subtilis), finely, minutely. 
I. Lit, res subtiliter connexae, Lucr. II. 
Transf., a, finely, accurately, exactly, subtly; 
judicare, Cic; subtilius haec disserere, Cic; 
suhtilissime perpolita, Cic ; b, of expression, 
plainly, simply, without ornament ; dicere, Cic. 

subtimeo, 2. to be a little afraid, with ne 
and the subj., Cic. 

subtraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw 
away from under; subtractus Numida mortuo 
superineubanti Romano vivus, Liv. II. to draw 
away secretly, withdraw, remove, take away. A. 
Lit., cibutn alicui, Cic ; hastatos ex acie, Liv. ; 
se, to withdraw oneself ; se aspectui, Verg. ; 
middle, subtrahitur solum, withdraws itself from 
under the ship, Verg. B. Fig., inatericm furori 
tuo, Cic ; reflex., se subtrahonte, withdrawing 
himself (as surety), Liv. ; cui jlulicio cum mors 
subtraxit, Liv.; me a curia et ab onini parte 
reipublicae, Cic ; aliquem irac militum, Tac. 

subtristis -n, somewhat sad, Tcr. 

subturploulus -a -um, somewluit disgrace* 
ful, Cic 

SUbtl'.rpiS -Cj somewhat disgracefv.l, Cic. 



BU'b 



551 



sue 



SUbtus, adv. (snk),ber>4atk, below, underneath, 
Liv. 

subtusus -a -um <^sub and tundo), somewhat 
bruised, Tib. 

subucula -ae, f. (perhaps from * sub-uo, 
whence ex-uo), an inner tunic, shirt, Hor. 

subula -ae, f. -a shoemaker's awl, Mart. 

SUbulOUS -i, 11.1. (sus), a swineherd, Varr. 

subtilo -5nis, in. (connected with sibilus). 

I. a Tuscan name for tibicen, a flute-player, Enn. 

II. a kind of slay, Plin. 

Subura -ae, f. a street in the noisiest quarter 
of Home; hence, adj., Siiburanus -a -urn, be- 
longing to tho Subura. 

suburbanitas atis, f. (suburbanus), vicinity 
to the city, Cic. 

suburbanus -a -um, near the city (Rome), 
Sid/urban. I. Adj., ager, gymnasium, Cic. II. 
Subst., A. suburbanum -i, n. (sc. praedium), 
an estate near Home, a suburban estate, Cic. B. 
suburbani -drum, m. inhabitants of the 
suburbs, Ov. 

suburblum -li, n. (sub and urbs), a suburb, 
Cic. 

siiburguco, 2. to drive close to ; proram ad 
saxa, Verg. 

siiburo (-ussi) -ustum, 3. to burn a little, to 
singe, Suet. 

Suburra = Subura (q.v.). 

subvectio -onis, f. (subveho), a carrying, 
conveyance, transport; frumenti, Liv.; plur. , ne 
abre frumentariaduris subvectionibus laboraret, 
lest he should have difficulties to contend with in 
the transport of provisions, Caes. 

subvecto, 1. (intens. of subveho), to carry, 
convey, transport, bring ; saxa humeris, Verg. 

subvectus = subvectio (q.v.). 

subvebo -vexi -vectum, 3. to bring up from 
below, bring up stream, carry, convey, transport ; 
I'rumentum flumine . Arari, Caes. ; subveota 
utensilia ab Ostia, Tac.; ;commeatus ex Samnio, 
Liv. ; pass, as middle, ad arces subvehitur 
inatrum caterva, is borne up, Verg. 

SUbvcniO -veni -veutum, 4. to come up to 
aid, to help, assist, succour* I. Lit., milit. t. t., 
circumvento filio subvenit, Caes. ; absol., nisi 
Bomani subvenissent, Liv. II. Transf., to help, 
aid, to remedy or relieve an evil; alicui, Cic; 
patriae, Cic; gravedini, Cic.; impers., reipub- 
licae difficillimo tempore esse subventum, 
Cic. 

subvento, 1. (intens. of subvenio), to come 
to the help of, Plant. 

subvereor, 2. to fear a little, be a little 
anxious, Cic. 

subversor -oris, m. (subverto), an over- 
turner, overthrower ; fig., suarum legum, Tac. 

subverto (subvorto) -verti (-vorti) -versurn 
(-vorsum), 3. to overthrow, overturn. I, Lit., 
mensam, Suet. ; montes, Sail. ; absol., Hor. 
II. Fig., to overthrow, ruin, subvert, destroy; 
probitatem ceterasque artes bouas, Sail. ; jura, 
Tac. 

subvexus -a -um (subveho), sloping upward, 
Liv. 

subvlridis -e, somewhat green, greenish, 
Plin. 

subvolo, 1. to fly up, fly forth ; utque novas 
humeris assumjiserat alas, subvolat, Ov. ; with 
in and the ace, rectis lineisin caelestom locum, 
Cic. 

subvolvo, 3. to roll up; manibus saxa, Verg. 

subvulturius -a -um, somewhat vu\tufe-like, 
s= (9V}owha{ brown. Plant, 



succavus = subcavus (q.v.y . , 

succedaneus ( succidaneus) -a. -nm («nc- 
cedo), following, succeeding, ensuing, supplying 
the place of, Plaut. 

succodo -cessi -cessum, 3. (aub and cedo). 
I. to go under, go from under, asctnd, mount. 
A. Lit., tectum, Cic. : tumulo tcrrac, Verg, ; 
tectis, Verg. ; transf., fons, quo mare succedit, 
Caes. B. Fig., a, to come under; sub ttcUmen 
stili, Cic. ; b, to submit to ; oneri, Verg. IX. to 
approach. A. Lit., 1, milit. t. t., to mafch for* 
ward, advance ; sub aclem, Caes. ; ad castra, 
Liv. ; moeiiibus, Liv. ; 2, to come after, take tin 
place of; ut integri et recentes defatigatis suo* 
cederent, Caes.; in pugnam, Liv. B. Transf., 
1, to follow, succeed to ; a, in locum alicuius, Cic. ; 
in paternas opes, Cic. ; b. of position, to come 
next to ; ad alteram partem succedunt Ubil, 
Caes.; 2, of time, to follow, succeed; alicui, Oicj 
aetas aetati succedit, Cic. ; orationi, Cic. ; 3, oi 
things, to turn out well, to prosper, luccud ; haeo 
prospero succedebant, Cic ; res nulla BUCoeBS 1 
crat, Caes. ; absol., succedit, it is successful! 
si ex si/ntcntia succcsserit, Cic; coeptis suc- 
cedebat, Liv. ; pass., nolle successum patribus, 
Liv. 

succendo -cendi -censum, 8. (sub and 
* cainlo, from candeo), 3 r to koulla, set on fire 
from below. I. Lit., pontem, Liv.; aggcrem, 
Caes. II. Fig., to kindle, set on fire, inflame.; 
Deucalion Pyrrliae succensus amore, Ov. 

succenseo = suscenseo (q.v.). 

succentivus -a -um (succino), accompany- 
ing, played us an accompaniment, Varr. 

1. succenturio, 1. (sub and centurio -are), 
to receive in a century as a substitute; hence, to 
put in the place of another, to substitute, Ter. 

2. suooentiirio -onis, f. (sub and ceuturio 
-onis), an under-centurion, Liv. 

successio -onis, f. (succedo), a succeeding, 
taking place of some person or thing, succession^; 
a, voluptatis, Cic. ; b, succession in an office'; 
in locum Antonii, ap. Cic. 

successor -oris, m. (succedo), a successor, 
follower in office, possession, inheritance, etc., Cic; 
sagittae, heir to, Ov. ; transf., Junius successor 
Maii, Ov. ; novus, a new shield, Ov. , 

successus -its, m. (succedo). X. an ad- 
vance, approach ; hostium, Caes. ; equoruni, 
Verg. II. happy issue; prosperos successus 
dare orsis, Liv. ; successum artes non habuero 
meae, Ov. ..'. : 

succidia -ae, f. (succido), a flitch of bacon ; 
hortum ipsi agricolae succidiam alteram appel- 
lant, their second flitch, Cic. 

1. succido -cldi, 3. (sub and cado), to falf, 
under, sink, sink down; aegri succidimus, 
Verg. 

2. succido -cidi -clsum, 3. (sub and caedo), 
to cut under, cut below, cut off, cut down ; femina 
poplitesque, Liv. ; frumenta, Caes. 

succlduus -a -um (sub and cado), falling 
down, sinking; geuu, Ov. 

succlnctus -a -um, p. adj. (from succingo), 
1, ready, equipped, prepared ; praedae, Ov. ; 2, 
short, Mart. 

succingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. (sub and cingo). 
I. to gird below, gird up, tuck up the clothes in 
the girdle; tunicas, Juv. ; oftener partic, sue-- 
cinctUS -a -um, with the clothes tucked up', 
Diana, Ov. ; poet., transf., succincta comas 
pinus, with bare trunk, Ov. II. to girdle, surt 
round; a, lit., Scylla fens atram canibus suc- 
cingitnr alvum, Ov.; gen. partic, succinctus 
-a -um, girded with something, armed with ; ferro, 
Liv.; pharetra, Yerg. ; b, transf., to wrrvund, 



sue 



552 



&ae 



arm, prepare, provide; fie canibus, Cic; partic, 
Carthago succincta portubus, Cic. ; succinctus 
armis legionibusque, Liv. 

succingulum -i, n. (succingo), a girdle, 
Plaut. 

suoclno, 3. 1, to sing to, to accompany, Petr.; 
2, transf., to agree, chime in with; succinit 
alter, Hor. 

succlamatio -onis, f. (succlnmo), a shout- 
ing, acclamation, Liv. 

sueclamc (subolamo), 1. to shout at or 
after anything, call out ; haec Virginia voril'eranti 
succlamabat multituclo, Liv.; impers., suc- 
clamatum est, Liv. ; with ace. and Infln., quum 
Buoclumasset nihil se mutare sententiae, Liv. 

SUCCOllo, 1. (sub and collum), to take upon 
the shoulders, to shoidder, Suet. 

Buccontumollose = subcontumeliose 
(q.v.). 

Buccresco (subcrosco) -crevi -crStuni, 3. 
to grow beneath, grow from beneath, grow up, in- 
crease; a, lit., succrescit ab imo cortex, Ov. ; 
b, transf., per seqne vident sucerescere vina, 
Ov. ; c, flg. ; non enim Lie mediooris orator 
vestrae quasi succrescit aetati, Cic. ; se gloriae 
scniorum succrevisse, Liv. 

succrispus = subcrispus (q.v.). 

SUCCUmbo -cubdi -cubltum, 3. (sub and 
•cuiiibo, as decumbo, accumbo, etc.), to lie down 
under, fall down, sink down. I. Lit., suc- 
cunibens victima ferro, Cat. ; oinnes succubu- 
isse oculos, had sunk in sleep, Ov. II. Fig., 
to yield, give way, succumb, surrender; arrog- 
antiae divitum, Cic. ; scneetuti, Cic. ; tenipori, 
Liv. ; abflol., non esse viri debilitari, dolore 
frangi, Buccunibere, Cic. 

suoourro -curri -enrsum, 3. (sub and curro). 
I. to run or go under; 1, transf., nequeat suc- 
currere lunae corpus, Lucr. ; 2, fig., a, gen., 
licet undique onines in me terrores impendeant, 
Bticcurram, undergo them, Cic. ; b, esp., to come 
into the thoughts of. to occur to; ut quidque 
succurrit, libet scribere, Cie. ; alicui suceurrit, 
with ace. and infin., sed mi hi succurrit numen 
non esse severum, Ov. II. to hasten to help, 
to aid; 1, lit, niilit. t. t., alicui (with or with- 
out auxilio), Caes., Cic; impers., si celeriter 
succurratur, Caes.; 2, transf., to help, succour, 
assist; saluti fortunisque communibus, Cic; 
alicui, Cic ; foil, by quominus and subj., hie 
tantis malis haec subsidia succurrebant, quo- 
minus oninis deleretur exercitus, Caes. 

succusslo -onis, f. (succutio), a shaking 
from beneath, earthquake, Sen. 

8UCCUS8US -Us, in. (succutio), a shaking, 
ap. Cic 

succutio cussi -cussum, 3. (sub and quatio), 
to shake from beneath, shake up, fling aloft, Ov. 

sucldus -a -nin (sucus), juicy, full of sap, 
Plin. 

sucinum -i, n. (sucus), amber, Plin. 

sucinus -a -um (sucus), of amber; gutta, 
Mart. 

suco -onis, in. a sucker (a term applied to a 
usurer) ; Oppios de Velia sucones dicis (a pun, 
because cm-os in Greek = sucus, and the Oppii 
were rich usurers), Cic. 

8uc6su3 (succosus) -a -um (sucus), full of 
sap, juicy, succulent, Plin. 

Sucro -onis, in. a river in Ilispania Tarra- 
conensti, now Xucar : at its mouth was a town 
of the same nnnm, now Cnllen. Hence, Su- 
cronensis -e, o/ or near Sucro; sinus, now 
Gulf of Valencia, 



SUCtUS -us, m. u8ugo), a sucking, suction, 
Plin. 

suoula -ae, f. (dim. .if sii6). L a little sow, 
Plaut. II. Transf., A. O winch, windlass, cap- 
stan, Plaut. B. Suculae, wrong translation of 
Gr. i/aSej, a constellation, the Hyades, Cic 

sucus (succus) -i, m. (connected with 



Gr. ottos), juice, sap. I. 1, lit., stirpes ex 
terra Buccum trahunt, Cic; sucus is quo 
utimur, Cic; 2, nieton., like \vf-6i, taste; 
piscis suco ingratiis, Ov. ; 3, ng , a, rigour; 
ainisinius suciuu et sanguinein, Cic; b, esp., 
of orators and speeches, vigour, energy; orat- 
ionis, Cic. II. any thick fluia' ; a ? olivi, un- 
guent, Ov.; neetaris sucosducere, juice of nectar, 
Hor.; b, esp., in medicine, a draught, potion; 
amarus, Ov. 

sudarium -ii, n. (endo), a handkerchief (to 
wipe off perspiration from the face), Mart. 

SUdatio -6nis, f. (sudo), a swatting, Sen. 

sudator -oris, m. (sudo), one who perspires 
easily or copiously, Plin. 

sudatories -a -um (sudo), of or relating to 
sweating, producing perspiration. I. Adj., 
unctio, Plaut. II. Subst, sudatorium -ii, n. 

a sweating-room, sweating-bath, Sen. 

sudatrix -trlcis, f. (sudator), toga, causing 
perspiration, Mart. 

sudis -is, f. I. a stake, pile ; ripa erat acutis 
sudibus praetixis inunita, Caes. II. Transf., 
a point, Juv. 

sudo, 1. I. Intransit., to sweat, perspire; 

1, lit., puer sudavit et alsit, Hor. ; quum C'tnnis 
Apollo (i.e., the statue of Apollo) sudavit, Cic; 

2, transf., a, to drip with any moisture ; scuta 
duo sanguine sndasse, Liv.; cavae tepidosudant 
hunioie lacunae, Verg. ; b, to drip, distil ; bal- 
sama odorato sudantia ligno, Verg.; 3, fig., to 
toil, make a great effort, rcork hard; vides, sudare 
me janidudum laborantem, ut ea tuear quae, 
etc., Cic. ; se sine causa sudare, Cic. II. 
Transit., to throw off by sweating, to sweat out, 
to exude ; durae quercfis sudabunt roscida niella, 
Verg.; ubi tura balsamaque sudantur, Tac 

sudor -firis, m. sweat, perspiration. I. a, 
lit, sudor a capite et a fronte defluens, Cic; 
simulacrum multo sudore manavit, Cic ; b, 
fig., great exertion, labour, fatigue, effort ; stilus 
ille tuus multi sudoris est, Cic. ; multo eius 
sudore ac labore sub populi Romani imperium 
ditionemque ceclderunt, Cic. II. Transf., any 
kind of moisture ; veneni, Ov. 

sudus -a -um (se and udus), dry, without 
moisture; and (applied to weather), bright, 
cloudless; ver, Verg. Subst, sudum -i, n. 
a, the bright cloudless sky, Verg.; b, clear, bright 
weather, Cic. 

Suebi -drum, in. the Suebi,_ an important 
German nation. Hence, A. Suebla -ae, f. tht 
country of the Suebi. B. SueblCUS -a -um, be- 
longing to the Suebi. 

suco, '.'. to be wont, be accustomed. Lucr. 

sucsco, sucvi, suetuin, 3. (inchoat of suco), t\, 
become accustomed, inured to; militiae, Tac; 
hence, suevi, I am accustomed, I am wont ; mittere 
suevit, Lucr.; and syncop. pcrf., quod suesti, as 
you arc wont, Cic 

Sucssa -ae, f. I. an old town of the Aurunci, 
in L'amjtania, birthplace of the poet Lucilius, now 
Sessa; hence, Suessanus -a -um, relating to 
Suessa. II. a town of the Valsci, in J.atium, 
near the. Pontine marshes, gen. in full Suessa 
Ponietia. 

Suesslones -um, m. a Gallic people, ?K«r 
modern Soiwmt, 



Sue 



663 



suf 



Suessiila -ae, f. a small town in Samnium, 
near MonsTifata, now Castel di Sessola. Hence, 
Suessiilanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Suess- 
ula. 

Suetonius -li, m., C. Suetonius Tranquillus, 
author of the Lives of the Caesars, a contemporary 
of the younger Pliny. 

suctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from auesco). I. 
accustomed to; latrociniis, Tac. ; foil, by inlln., 
V'erg., Liv. II. that to which a person is accus- 
tomed, usual ; sueta apud paludes proelia, Tac. 

Suevi = Suebi(q.v.). 

sufes (suffes) -fStis, m. (from a Phoenician 
Void = judge), the name oj the highest magistrate 
in Carthage, Liv. 

■ suffarcino, 1. (sub and farcino), to stuff full, 
fill full, cram; Plaut, Ten 

suflarraneus -a -ran (far), carrying corn ; 
mulio, Cic. 

suffero, sufTerre (sub and fero). I. to carry 
under, put wader, Plaut. II. to hold up, sup- 
port ; 1, lit., reflex., se sufTerre, to carry oneself 
upright, stand upright, Suet.; 2, tig.,' to bear, 
endure, suffer; poenam sui sceleris, Cic; earn 
multain, Cic. 

suffertus -a -urn (sub and farcio), stuffed 
full, crammed full, Suet. 

suffervefacio, 3. (sub and fervefacio), to 
heat, make somewhat hot, Plin. ; pass., sufferve- 
fio -fact us sum -fISri, to become someivhat hot, 
Plin. 

suffes = sufes (q.v.). 

suffibulum -i, n. (sub and fibula), a white 
oblong veil worn by priests and vestals, Van - . 

sufTIcio -feci -fectum, 3. (sub and facio). I. 
Transit., A. to put under; hence, to iflnbue, im- 
pregnate, suffuse; lanam medicamentis, Cic; 
anguea ardentes oculos suffecti sanguine, Verg. 
B. to add, cause to grow up after; 1, lit., alinin 
ex alia generando suillco prolein, Verg.; 2, 
transf., to choose in the place of or as a substitute 
for any one ; consul in sufflciendo collega occu- 

Eatus, Cic. ; collegam sufflci censori, Liv. ; of 
ees, regem parvosque Quirites sufflciunt, Verg.; 
esp., suffectus consul, a consul chosen in the place 
of another, Liv. C. to provide, supply; 1, lit., 
ipsa satis tellus sufficit humorem et gravidas 
fruges, Verg.; 2, fig., to jive; Danais aniiuos 
viresque secundas, Verg. II. Iutransit., neut., 
to be sufficient, enough, adequate, to suffice; a, 
absol., nee scribae sufficere, nee tabulae nomina 
eoi-uin capere poterant, Cic. ; b, with dat., nee 
vires sufficere cuiquam nee, etc., Caes. ; c, with 
ad and the ace, quomodo nos ad patiendum 
suffieiamus, Liv. ; d, with adversus and the ace, 
non sutfecturum ducem unum et exercitum unuin 
adversus quatuor populos, Liv. ; e, with in and 
the ace, nee locus in tumulos nee sufficit arbor 
in ignes, Ov. ; f, with infln. = to be in a position 
to, to be able ; nee nos obniti contra nee tendere 
tantum suffieimus, Verg. ; g, with lit or ne and 
the eubj., Tac 

sufifigo -flxi -tixum, 3. (sub and Ago), to 
fasten, fix beneath ; aliquem cruci, Cic 

suffimon = sufflmentum (q.v.). 

suffimentum -i, n. (sufflo), incense, Cic. 

stiff io -Ivi and -ii -ituni (sub and * flo, fire, con- 
nected witli Wu). I. Intransit., to bum incense, 
fumigate; thymo, Verg. II. Transit., to fumi- 
gate, perfume ; a, lit., locum, Prop.; b, tig., to 
warm, Lucr. 

BUffitio -finis, f. (sufflo), a fumigation, Plin. 

SUffitor -oris, m. (suffio), a fumigator, Plin. 

sunltus -us, m, (sufllo), a fumigating, fumi- 
qation, Plin. 

18 # 



sufnamen -Inis, n. a break, ardg, clog. I. 
Lit., Juv. II. Fig., a hindrance, obstacle, Juv. 

sufflamino, 1. (siiffiamen), to stop by n drag, 
Suet. 

SUfflatio -onis, f. (sufflo), o blowing up, puff- 
ing up, Plin. 

sufflavus -p. -um (sub-flavus), somewhat yel- 
low, Suet. 

sufflo, 1. (sub and flo). I. Intransit., to 
bloiv upon, Mart. II. Transit, to blow up, to 
puff up, inflcde; a, lit., Plaut.; b, fig., se uxori, 

to be angry with, Plaut. 

suffocatio -onis, f. (suflbco), a choking, 
strangling, suffocation, Plin. 

SUffoco, 1. (sub and faux), to strangle, choke, 
suffocate. I. Lit., patrem, Cic IL Fig., urbeiu 
et Italiam fame, to sta?-re out, Cic. 

surf odio -fodi -fossum, 3. (sub and fodio), to 
pierce underneath, pierce, dig into, excavate, 
undermine ; a, of things, murum, Sail. ; sacella 
sutfossa, Caes. ; b, of animals or parts of the 
body, to stab from below ; equos, Caes. 

suffragatio -onis, f. (suffrage!-), a voting in 
favour of, favourable vote, support; urbana, of 
the city ; militaris, of the soldiers, Cic. ; illi hon- 
estissiuifi suffragatione consulatus petebatur, 
Sail.; plur., exstinetae (sunt) sulTragationes, 
Cic. 

suffragator -oris, m. (suffragor), a voter in 
favour of any one, apolitical supporter, Cic. 

surfragatorius -a -um (suffragor), of or 
relating to the support of a candidate, Q. Cic. 

SUffragium -ii, n. (sub and ft-ango), some- 
thing broken off, a potsherd, used by the ancients 
for voting; hence, nieton., I. the vote nf a 
citizen at the comitia and of a juror in giving his 
verdict; a, lit, ferre snll'iagium, to vote, Cic; 
suffragium it per omnes, all vote, Liv. ; non pre- 
liibori jure suffragii, Cic. ; b, transf., vote, judg- 
ment, approval, support ; tuuiii, Cic. ; popull, 
llor. II. the rigid or permission to vote, suffrage, 
franchise; alicui sulfragium impertire, Liv.; sine 
suffragio habere civitatem, citizenship without 
the franchise, Liv. 

suffrago -inis, f. (sub and frango), the ham 
or hough on the hind leg of a quadruped, Plin. 

suffragor, 1. dep. (suffragium). I. to vote 
in any ones favour ; suflragandi libido, Cic. II. 
Transf., to be favourable to, to approve, recommend, 
support; cupiditati alicuius, Cic; sibi, Cic; 
sufl'ragante fortunS, Cic. 

suffrenatio -onis, f. (sub and freno), a 
bridling; transf., a cementing, fastening ; hipidis, 
Plin. 

eurfringo -frggi -fractum, 3. (sub and frango), 

to break underneath, break in pieces ; crura cani- 
bus, Cic. 

suffugio -fQgi -fugltum, 3. (sub and fugio). 

I. Intransit, to fly to any place; in tecta, Liv. 

II. Transit, to fly from, evade, shun; factum, 
Lucr. 

suffugium -Ii, n, (sub and fugio), a place of 
refuge. I. Lit, propinqua sulfugia, Tac. II. 
Transf., a refuge, resort, remedy; urgentium 
nialoruin suffugium, Tac. 

suffuloio -fulsi -fultum, 4. (sub and fulc.io), 
to support beneath, underprop, Lucr. 

suffumigo, 1. (sub and fnmigo), to fumigate 
from below, Plin. 

SUffundo -ffldi -fiisum, 3. (sub and fundo). 
T.l, to pour beneath, spread through, suffuse ; a, 
of fluids, aiiinmin esso cordi sufTusum sanguinem, 
Cic. ; intuinuit suffusa venter ab unda, dropsy, 
Ov. ; b, of blushing, virgineum ore ruborem, Ov.; 
rubor Masinissae suffusus est, blushed. Liv. ; 2, 



suf 



554 



sum 



to hedixo, colour, fill with ; aether calore suffusus, 
Cie. ; lacrimia ocnloa suffusa nitentes, Verg. ; 
Jig., aniimis nulla In ccteros malevolentiS suf- 
fusus, Cic. II. to pour out, pour into; lucrum, 
Ov. 

suffuror, 1. (sub and furor), (o abstract 
secretin, steal away, Plant. 

SUffuscus -a -urn (sub. and fuscus), brownish, 
darkbrown, Tac. 

suffusio -finis, f. (suffundo), a suffusion; 
fcllis, jaundice, Tlin. 

Sugambri (Sygarabri, Sigambri) 

-oruiii, in, a powerful German tribe. Adj., Su- 
gamber -bra -brum, Sugambrian. 

suggero -gessi -gestum, 3. (sub and gero). 
I. to carry, bring, lay, put, place under. A. 
Lit., flamniam costis aeni, Verg. B. Fig., 
to add, subjoin, annex; a, liuic incredibili sent- 
entiae ratiuneulas, Cic ; b, to cause to follow (in 
order of time), to place next; Bruto statim 
Horatium, Liv. ; c, to put upon secretly; Drnso 
Indus est suggerendus, Cic. II. to furnish, suj)- 
ply, afford ; 1, lit., alicui tela, Verg. ; 2, fig., to 
supply, give opportunity for; prodiga divitias 
alimeutaque mitia tellus suggerit, Ov. 

SUggestlO -onis, f. (suggero), a rhetorical 
figure in which an orator answers a question 
which he has asked himself, Quint. 

SUggestum -i, n. (suggero). I. anything 
heaped up, a heap, raised place, height, elevation, 
VaiT. II. Esp., (i platform from which an orator 
spoke to the people, soldiers, etc. ; illnd suggestum 
ascendens, <Jic. ; in suggestis consistere, Cic. 

suggestus -us, m. (suggero). I. an eleva- 
tion, height, Cato. II. Esp., a platform for 
addressing the people, soldiers, etc., a tribune, 
Cic, Caes. 

SUggill ... v. sngill ... 

suggrandis -e (sub and grandis), somewhat 
large, Cic. 

suggredior -grcssus sum, 3. dep. (sub and 
gradior), to go to, approach, to attack, Tac. 

suggrunda -ae, f. the eaves of a house, Varr. 

sugillatio -onis, f. (sngi.llo). I. a livid or 
black spot mi the skin, weal, bruise, Tlin. II. 
Fig., a mocking, insulting, Liv. 

sugillo, 1. to bent black and blue. I. Lit., 
Plin. II. Fig., to insult, affront; aliquem, Liv. 

SUgo, silxi, suctnm, 3. to suck. I. Lit, Cic. 
IL Fig., to suck in; cum laete nutricis crrorem, 
Cic. 

SU1 (genit.), of himself, herself, itself, them- 
selves; dat., sibi, to himself, etc. ; se, himself, 
etc. ; pron. reflex., referring to the next pre- 
ceding subject. I. Gen., se ipsum amat, Cic. ; 
sui conservandi causa profUgerunt, Cic. ; qui 
hoc sibi nomen arrogaverunt, Cic. II. Esp., 
A. sibi, ethic dat., quid nam sibi clamor vellet, 
Liv. B. ad se, apud se = at his house, Cic. 
(strengthened form, sepse = se ipse, Cic; semet, 
Hor., Liv.). 

suilo -is, n. (sus), a pigsty, Varr. 

suillus -a -urn (sus), of or relating to swine, 
swinish. I. Adj., caro, Juv. ; caput, Liv. II. 
Subst., suilla -ae, f. (sc. caro), pork, Plin. 

sulco, 1. (sulcus), to furrow, plough, cut 
through. I. Lit., huinum vomere, Ov. II. 
Trnnsf., a, to furrow ; serpens sulcat arenain, 
Ov. ; cutciii rugis, to wrinkle, Ov. ; b, to furrow 
= to sail over, pass through; vada carina, Verg. ; 
undas rate, Ov. 

sulcus -i, m. (connected with oAko;), a fur- 
row. I. Lit., suleum iniprinierc, Cic II. 
Transf., a, a cutting like a furrow, the furrow cut 



in the sea by a ship, Verg.; b, a long, imrraiy 
trench, Verg. 

sulfur (sulphur) -ibis, n. I. sulphur, Liv., 
Ilor., Verg. II. Melon., lightning, Fers. 

sulfuratio -onis, f. (sulfur), a vein of sulphur 
in the earth, Sen. 

sulfuratus -a -urn (sulfur), full of sulphur, 
containing sulphur, sulphureous, Plin. Subst., 
sulfur." ta -drum, a, brimstone matches, Mart.; 
b, veins of sulphur, Plin. 

sulfurcus -a -urn (sulfur), sirffihvrcous ; 
aqua, Verg. 

Sulla (Sylla) -ae, m. a name of a family in 
the gens Cornelia, the most celebrated member of 
which was L. Cornelius Sulla, the dictator, rival 
of Marius. Hence, A. Sullanus (Syllanus) 
-a -urn, Sullan; subst., Sullani -oruni, m. the 
partisans of Sulla. B. Sullaturio -ire, to 
wish to imitate Sulla, Cic. 

Sulmo -onis, m. a town in ountry of the 
Peligni, birthplace ofOvid,no\v Sulmona; hence, 
adj., Sulmoncnsis -e, belonging to Sulmo. 

sulphur = sulfur (q.v.). 

Sulpicms -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, 
the most distinguished member of which teas Serv. 
Sulpieius Rufus, a celebrated jurist in the time of 
Cicero, consul with M. Marcellus; hence, Sul- 
picianus -a -uin, Sulpician. 

sultis = si vultis, v. volo. 

sum, fiii, esse (an irregular verb, derived 
from two different roots, sum shortened for 
esmn, root ES, Gr. EZ, whence et^i ; fui from 
an old verb fuo, Gr. <f>uw). I. to be, to exist. A. 
Gen., 1, a, of the existence of an object, to be,_ 
to exist, to be in life; esse ca dico, quae cerni 
tangive possunt, Cic. ; adhuc sumns, Cic ; 
omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futtiri sunt, 
Cic. ; fuit, he has lived, Tib. ; fnimus Troes, fnit 
Ilium, Verg. ; nullus sum, / exist no longer, I am 
lost, Cic. ; b, of Hie presence of a condition, to 
be, to exist; non est periculum, Cic; quid tibi 
est? what is the matter with you ? Cic. ; c, to be 
at a place, to live at; quum Athenia fuissem, 
Cic. ; d, to be in a certain state or condition ; 
in servitute, Cic ; in spe, Cic. ; e, to rest, to de- 
pend i;pcm ; totum in eo est, ut, etc., Cic. ; 2, 
especial phrases, a, sunt qui, there are some- 
people or things icho or which; (o) with indie, 
when certain definite persons or things are 
meant, sunt qui audent, Cic ; (fi) with the subj. 
when the persons or things are indefinite, sunt 
qui dicailt, Cic ; b, mihi est (res), / have (some- 
thing); cui nomen Arethusa est, Cie.; c, esse 
ad or apud aliquem, to be at the hov-> of, to visit; 
apud te est, nt volnmus, Cic ; d, esse cum 
aliquo (aliqua) ; (o) to be in the. house of, to be in 
a room with ; esset ne quia infus cum Caesarej 
Cic. ; (0) to be with, go abmd with ; crat nemo 
quicum essem libentius, Cic; e, esse alicui 
cum aliquo, to have to do with ; sibi cum ilia 
nihil futurum, Cic. ; f, esse ab aliquo, to belong 
to or be related to ; erat ab Aristotele, he was an 
Aristotelian, Cic. ; vide, ne hoc totum sit a me, 
speaks for me, Cic. ; g, esse pro aliquo, to be 
in the place of, Cic. ; h, esse in, with abL, to be 
in some writing ; quid fuit in littcris ? Cic. B. 
to be the fact, to be really so ; sunt ista, that is so, 
Cic. ; so, esp., a, est, it is so, sit ita, br it so, 
good, Cic. ; so also, esto, Cie. ; e?t ut. or with 
intin., it is the case that; est, ut id deceat, Cie. ; 
b, est ubi = flf times, Cie.; c, est quod, with 
indie, or subj. or ut and the subj., there is reason 
for, I (you, etc.) have reason to, cause to; magis 
est quod gratnler, Cic. ; nihil est quod or cur, 
there in no reason for ; nihil est, quod gestias, 
Cic II. As copulative verb = to be something- 



sum 



555 



8lip 



or in some way; a, withan adj., subst., or prop., 
praeclora res est et sumus-otiosi, Cic. ; b, with 
adv., (a) of manner, sic est. Cic. ; mini pulehre est 
or pulehre est milii, Cic. ; (/3) of place or time, 
sunt procul ab huius aetatis memoria, Cic. ; c, 
with genit. or abl., to be of a certain nature or 
kind; (a) with genit., suinmi ut sint laboris, 
Cic; esp., niagni, tanti, etc., esse(pretii), tobe of 
high or of such value, etc., Cic. ; frumentum fuit 
tanti, Cic. ; 03) with abl., aegro corpore esse, to 
be ill, Cic. ; siinus ca mente, so disposed, Cic. ; 
d, with genit. to express belonging to, (a) lo be 
one's own, to belong to; Gallia est Ariovisti, Caes.; 
(0) to be devoted to; me Pompeii totum esse, 
Cic. ; (y) to be a mark of, to be the nature of, to be 
characteristic of; cuinsvis hominis est enure, 
Cic. ; so with poss. pron., est tiuun videre, Cic; 
• e, with genit. of gerund., to serve for, have for 
its object; quod conservandae Jibertatis fuerat, 
Sail. ; f, with dat. to express object, (a) to be in 
the place of, to be; Romam caput Latio esse, Liv. ; 
(fi) to be capable of; non esse solvendo, Cic. ; (y) 
to be, to prove; impedimento esse alicui, Cic; 
g, with ad and the ace, to be serviceable for ; 
res quae sunt ad incendia, Caes. ; h, with de 
and the abl., to treat of, be about ; is liber, qui est 
de animo, Cic. ; id est, hoc est, that is, or some- 
times which is as much as to say, Cic. (archaic 
forms, escunt = erunt, ap. Cic. ; fuat = sit, Verg. ; 
fuvimus == fuimus, ap. Cic). 

sumen -Inis, n. (— sugmen, from sugo). I. 
a teat, pap, Lucil. II. Esp., the udder of a sow 
(esteemed a delicacy by the Romans) ; 1, lit., 
Plant. ; 2, meton., a sow, pig, Juv. 

summa -ae, f. (snmmus), the highest. I. the 
highest place; qui vobis summam ordinis con- 
siliique conceduut, Cic. II. the chief matter, 
main thing, most important point. A. (Jen., 
ipsae summae rem in atque sententiae, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, the whole, totality; exercitus, Caes.; 
belli, supreme command, Caes. ; rerum or omnium 
rerun), the highest power, Cic; ad summam, adv. 
in a word, in short, Cic; so in summa, on the 
whole, Cic; 2, Me sum toted of an amount; 
equitum magnum nuuierum ex omni summa 
separate, Cic; so esp., a, a sum of money; 
hac summiredempti, Cic. ; b, a mass, quantity ; 
praedae, Cic. 

Sumnianus -i, m. cm old Roman deity, to 
whom lightnings by night were ascribed, Cic. 

summariuni -Ii, n. (summa), an epitome, 
abridgment, summary, Sen. 

summas -atis, c. (summus), of high birth, 
noble, illustrious, Plaut. 

summatim, adv. (summa), slightly, sum- 
marily, briefly; quae longiorem orationem de- 
siderant summatim persciibere, Cic. 

summatus -us, m. (summus), the chief 
authority, Lucr. 

summe, adv. (summus), in the highest ue- 
gree, extremely ; olfieiosus, Cic ; contendere, Cic. 

summergo — submergo (q.v.). 

sumministro — subministro (q.v.). 

summisse = submisse (q.v.). 

summissim = submissim (q.v.). 

summissio = submissio (q.v.). 

summissus = submissus (q.v.). 

summitto = submitto (q.v.). 

Summoenium -li, n. (sub and moenia), a 
place in Borne frequented by common prostitutes ; 
hence, adj., Summoenianus -a -uni, relating 
to the Summoenium. 

summolesto = submolestc (q.v.). 

summolestus = submolestns (q.v.). 

summoned = subinoneo (q.v.). 



summopere, adv. (= summo opero), very, 
much, exceedingly, Cic 
summorosus = submorosus (q.v.). 
summo tor = submotor (q.v.). 
summoveo = submoveo (q.v.). 
summula -ae, f. (dim. of summa), a little 
sum, Sen. 
summus -a -um, superl. of superus (q.v.). 
summuto = submuto (q.v.). 
sumo, sumpsi, sumptuin, 3. (sub and emo), 
to take, lay hold of. I. Lit., A. Gen., fustem, 
Plaut. ; legem in manus, Cic. ; pecuniam mu- 
tuain, to borrow, Cic. B. Esp., a, to take for 
■use, to put on ; calceos et vestimenta, Cic ; b, 
to buy; genus signorum, Cic; or, to hire; 
navem, Cic; c, to take, apply, employ; opermu, 
Ter. II. Fig., A. Gen., tempns cibi, Liv. ; 
supplicium, to punish, Liv. B. Esp., a, to 
choose, pick out, select ; sibi studimn philosopliiae,' 
Cic. ; diem ad deliberandum, Caes. ; b, to take 
in hand, to begin ; bellum, Sail. ; ininiicitias,- 
Cic; c, in discourse, (a) to mention; homines 
notos, Cic. ; (/3) to assume, assert, maintain ;. 
beatos esse deos sumpsisti, Cic. ; d, to assume; 
arrogantiam sibi, Cic; e, to arrogate to oneself ', t 
take upon oneself; sibi partes imperatorias, Cic; 
mihi non tantum sumo, Cic. 

sumptio -onis, f. (sumo), the premiss of a, 
syllogism, Cic. 

sumptlto, 1. (intens. of sumo), to take in' 
large quantities, Plin. 

sumptuarius -a -um (sumptus), of or re- 
lating to expense, sumptuary ; lex, Cic. ; rationes, 
Cic. 

sumptuoso, adv. witli coinpar. (sumptu- 
osns), iii a costly, expensive manner, sumptuously, 
Cic. 

sumptuosus -a -um (sumptus). I. Of 
things, costly, expensive, dear, sumptuous : cena, 
Cic. ; ludi sumptuosiores, Cic. II. Of persona, 
extravagant, prodigal ; homo, Cic. 

sumptus -us, m. (sumo), cost, expense; 
suiuptum facere in rem, or impendere, or in- 
sumere, orponere, Cic; sumptune parcas, Cic ; 
suo sumptu fungi otlicio, Cic; plur., minuemU 
sunt sumptus, Cic. (dat, often sumptu, Cic). ■ 
Suuion (-mm) -Ii, n. (2,o6viov), a pro- 
montory forming the most southerly point of 
Attica, now Capo Colonni, with a temple of 
Athena and a town of the same name. 

SUO, sfii, sutum, 3. to sew, sew together, stitch 
together, join together; tegumenta corporum vel 
texta vel s»»ra, Cic. 
SUOl- . v. suus. 

suovctaurllia (sudvitaurllia) -inm, n. 
(sus, ovis and taurus), a purificatory sacrifice of 
a pig, a sheep, and a bull, Liv. 

siipellex -lectllis, abl. -lectlle and -lectili, 
f. furniture. I. Lit., household furniture ; multa 
et lauta supellex, Cic. II. Fig., ornament, equip- 
ment; amicos parare, optiinam vitae snpcllect- 
ileni, Cic. ; oratoria quasi supellex, Cic. 

1. super -a -um, v. superus. 

2. super (vWp). I.Adv.,1, of place; a, over, 
above, on the top of; eo super tigna bipedalia 
injk-iunt, Caes.; b, = avaBev, from above; su- 
perque iminane barathrum cematur, Verg. ; 2, 
of other relations ; a, besides ; super quain, 
moreover, Liv. ; dederalquo super, Ov. ; b, tliere-. 
upon; super tales eflumlit voces, Verg.; c, 
beyond, more; super quam, more tlidn, Hor. ■; 
satis stiperquadlxf, enough and more than enough, 
Cic. ; d, over and above ; quid super sanguinis 
(esse), Liv. II. Prep, with abl. and ace. 
A. With abl., 1, oi' place, oi'cr,. above; ensis 



Sup $56 

super cervice pendet, Hor. ; 2, of time, during; 
nocte super media, Verg. ; 3, of relation, con- 
cerning, about ; hac super re Bcrlbam ad te, Cie.; 
4, of measure, beyond ; super his, Hor. B. Willi 
ace, 1, of place, owr, above: a, to express re- 
maining over so object, super aspidem assidere, 
Cic. ; aqua super luontium juga eoncreta erat, 
Liv. ; b, of position, (o) over, above ; super tem- 
plum circaque, r.iv. ;(p)beyond ; super Numidiam 
Oaetulos accepiinus, Sail.; c, of motion, over or 
beyond a place; super Suniuin navigans, Liv. ; 
2, of degree, beyond, over, above; a, lit., super 
ceteros honores, Liv.; super cetera, Liv.; vulnus 
super vulnus, wound on wound, one wound after 
another, Liv. ; b, transf., of superiority, beyond, 
rnore than; a etas et forma et super onii:ia 
Romanorum noiuen te ferociorem facit, above 
all, Liv. (super sometimes put after its case in 
Lucr., Verg., and Tac). 

supera (se. parte) = supra. I. Adv. = 
over, Lucr. II. Prep, with ace, orer, Lucr. 

superabili3 -e (supero). I. that can be 
ascendetl ; mums, Liv. II. that can be con- 
qwred ; non est per vim superabilis ulli, Ov. ; 
nnllis casibtis superabiles Romani, Tac. 

superaddo -addldi -additmn, 3. to add over 
and above, superadd, Verg. 

superadornatus-a-uni(superandadorno), 
adorned on the surface, Sen. 

superans -antis, p. adj., only in compar. 
and superl.) prevailing ; supcrautior ignis, Lucr. 

superator -oris, in. (supero), one who over- 
comes, a conqueror, Ov. . 

superbe,adv. (superbus). proudly, haughtily; 
superbe et crudeliter impeiare, Caes. ; legatos 
appellare superbius, Cic. ; preces superbissime 
repndiare, Cic. 

superbia -ae, f. (superbus), pride. I. In a 
bad sense, pride, haughtiness ; often with arro- 
antia ami insolentia, Cic. ; superbiam ponere, 
'ay aside, Hor. II. In a good sense, lofty spirit, 
honourable pride ; sume superbiam, Hor. 

siiperbibo, 3. to drink upon, I'liu. 

superbificus -a -um (suporbus and facio), 
iiuiking proud, making haughty, Sen. 

siiperbio, 4. (superbus). I. to be proud, 
haughty, to pride oneself on ; with abl., forma, 
Ov. ; foil, by quod, Tac. II. Transf., of things, 
to be splendid, superb, Prop. 

superbus -a -um (super) = un-tp^^avo?, 
raising oneself above others, proud. I. In a bad 
sense, 1, lit., of persons, proud, haughty ; a, 
absol., shperbum se praebuit in fortune, Cic. ; 
Biiperbiorem te pecunia facit, Cic. ; superbissima 
familia, Cic; surname of the younger Tarquinius, 
last king of Rome, Cic. ; b, with abl., pruud of; 
pecunia, Hor. ; 2, transf., of things or abstract 
subjects, ocull, Ov. ; aures, Liv. ; virtus, Cic. ; 
judicium auriuin superbissimum, Cic. II. In a 
good sense, 1, of persons, distinguished, remark- 
able; Atridae, Hon; 2, of things, brilliant, 
magnificent, splendid ; triumphus, Hor. 

superciliosus -a -um (supercilium), severe, 
gloomy, Sen. 

Supercilium -li, n. the eyebrow; plur. (and 
often sing, in collective sense), the eyebrows. I. 
A. Lit., a, sing., altero ad mentum depresso 
supercilio, Cic. ; b, plur., superciliorum aut 
remissio aut contractio, Cic. ; capite et super- 
ciliis rasis, Cie. B. Meton., a, the eyebrows 
contracted = gloom, severity, sternness; BUpercilii 
severi matrona, Ov. ; quid de supercilio dicam, 
quod turn hoininihus non supercilium sed pignut 
reipublieae videbatur, Cic. ; b, pride, arrogance; 
nunc Capuae Canipnno supercilio acregiospiritu 
quura viueremus, Cic. it. Transf. (like bfovt, 



aup 



I 



and English brow), the projecting part of any oh 

ject, ridge, summit ; tramitis, Verg.; inmuli, Liv. 

suporcurro, 3. to run beyond, surpass, Plin. 
Sliperedo, 3. to eat upon or after, Plin. 
superomhieo, 2. to project over, overtop; 
oinnes viros, Verg. 

superemorior, 3. dep. to dt 'pan, Plin. 

superfcro -tcili -latum -ferre, to carry over, 
bear over, Plin. 

superficies -ei, f. (super and fades), the 
top, surface, superficies of anything. I, Gen., 
testudinuni, Plin. II. Esp., legal t.t., something 
(e.g., a building) placed on the ground so as to be- 
come attached to it, Cic. 

superf lO -fieri, to be over and above, riant. 

SUperfixus -a --am, fixed on the top, Liv. 

superfiorescens -entis, blooming all over, 
Plin. 

superfluitas -Stis, f. (superflnus), super- 
fluity, Plin. 

superrluo -fiuxi, 3. to flow over, overflow. I. 
Lit., of water, superfluentis Nili Teceptacula, 
Tac. II. Transf., a, ut nos supertluentes ju- 
venili quadam diceudi impunitate et. licentia 
reprimcret, Cic ; b, to be in superfluity, lie super- 
fluous, Tac. 

superfluous -a -um (superfluo), overflowing, 

sujierfluous, Son. 
superfundo -fudi -fusum, 3. I. la pour 

over, pour upon : 1, lit., a, of water, superfundi, 
middle, to overflow, spir'end itself over; circus Tibei i 
superfuso irrigatus, Liv. ; b, of other things, to 
spread about, throw about ; magnani vim teloruiu, 
Tac; pass., superfundi, as middle, to bepoured 
on, to run on; liostes superfusi, rushing in num- 
bers, Liv.; 2, tvausf., superfundere se, tosprrad 
itself out, spread; superfudit se (regnum Maec- 
doniae) in Asiam, Liv. II. to cover with any- 
thing, Tac. 

suporgrSdlor -giessus sum -gredl, 3. dep. 
(super ami gradior), to go over or beyond, over- 
step ; fig., to exceed, surpass ; aetatis suae feminas 
pulchritudine, Tac. 

super!, v. superus. 

SUperilligO, 1. to bind on, bind over, Plin. 

super immineo, 2. to overhang, Verg. 

superimpendens -entis (super and im- 
pendeo), overhanging, Cat. 

superimpleo, 2. to fill quite full, Verg. 

supcrlmpdno (-posili) -posltum, 3. to lay 

over, place upon; saxum ingens machina, by 
means of a machine, Liv. ; nionuniento (dat.), 
statuam, Liv. 

supcrlncldons -entis, falling from above, 
Liv. 

superlncubans -antis, lying over or upon ; 
superincubans Kouianus, Liv. 

siiperincuiubo -ciibu.i, 3. to lie on, lie over, 
Ov. 

superlndiio -id -utum, 3. to put on over, 
Suet. 

superingero (-gessi) -gestum, 3. to throu' 
■upon, heap upon, Plin. 

superinjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. to throw over, 
throw upon ; raras frondes, Verg. 

siiperinl ... v. superill . . . 

supcrinm ... v. superimm . . . 

superlnp ... v. superimp . . . 

suporinsterno -striivi -stratum, 3. to 
spread orer, lay over; tabulas, Verg. 

srporintego, 3. to corer over, Plin. 



sup 

superior -Oris, comp. of superus (q. v.). 



557 



sup 



superjaclo -jeci -jectum (-jaetum), 3. I. to 
throw over, throw upon ; membra superjectacura 

tua voste fovet, Ov. II. to throw over, flow over; 
scopulos superjacit unda pODtus, Verg. III. tit 
exceed, go beyond; fidcin augendo, Liv. (paitic 
also superjactus, Sail., Tac). 

suporjacto, 1. to spring over, leapover, Plin. 

superjectio -Onis, f. (superjacio), a throw- 
ing over ; -tig., exaggeration, hyperbole, Quint. 

siiperjumentarlus -li, m. the chief groom, 
head of the drivers of beasts of burden, Suet. 

superlabor, 3. to glide, slide over, Liv. 

superlatio -Onis, f. (superfero), rhet. t.t., 
exaggeration, hyperbole; veritatis, Cic. 

superlatus -a -um, p. adj. (from superfero), 
exaggerated, hyperbolical ; verba, Cic. 

superlino -le"vi -litum, 3. to smear over, be- 
smear, Plin. 

supermando, 3. to chew upon or after any- 
thing, Plin. 

supercneo, 1. to go over, pass over, Plin. 

supernas -Stis (supernus), belonging to the 
upper country, esp. to theupper (i.e. the Adriatic) 
sea, Plin. 

supernato, 1. to swim upon, swim over, Sen. 

BupernatUS -a -uin, growing over, Plin. 

supcrne, adv. (supernus), upwards ; a,, from 
above, Liv. ; b, on the upper side, above, Hor. 

supernus -a -um (super), above, over, on the 
upper side, on the top; Tusculum, lying high, 
Hor. ; numen, celestial, Ov. 

siipero, 1. (super). I. Intransit.,<o6eaSor«; 
hence, 1, W over-top, project; a, lit., superant 
capita et cervietbus altis, Verg. ; b, transf., (a) 
milit. t.t., to have the upper hand, to be conqueror, 
to conquer; virtute facile, Caes. ; per biduum 
eqnestri proelio, Caes. ; (0) in other relations, 
to have the upper hand, have the preference, be 
superior, overcome, surpass; superat sententia, 
Caes. ; tantum superantibusmalis, Liv. ;totidein 
forma superante juveucae, of surpassing beauty, 
Verg.; 2, to be remaining; a, to abound, be 
in abutulance; partem superare mendosum est, 
Cic. ; superante multitudiue, Liv. ; b, to re- 
main, to be over; si quod superaret pecuniae 
retulisses, Cic. ; esp. (with, or poet, without 
vita), to remain in life, to survive, live; liter 
eorum vita superavit, Caes. ; superatne et vesc- 
itur auri? Verg.; c, to be too much; quae 
Jugurthac fesso et majoribus astricto superaver- 
ant, Sail. ; d, to flow over with, overflow with; 
victor superans auhnis, Verg. II. Transit., 1, 
to rise above, surmount, overtop, mount, ascend; 
montes, Verg. ; summas ripas rluminis, Caes. ; 
hence, transf., to overtop; turris superat fontis 
fastigium, Caes.; 2, a. to sail by, to round ; pro- 
lnontorium, Liv. ; b, transf., (a) to penetrate to ; 
clamor superat inde castra hostium, Liv. ; (fl) 
met., to surpass, excel, exceed; aliquem doctrina, 
Cic. ; omnesiure, Cic. ; (y) to overcome, conquer : 
bellosuperatosesse ArvernosaQ. Fabio Maximo, 
Caes.; fig., injurias fortunae facile veterum 
philosophorum praeceptis, Cic. 

supcrobriio-ni -ntum,3. to cover over, Prop. 

superpendens -entis, overhanging ; saxuni, 
Liv. 

superpono -p5sni -posltuui, 3. I. to lay, 
flare, put over or upon; superpositum capiti 
decus, Liv. II. to set over, pxd in a station of 
authority; in maritimam regionem superpositus, 
Liv. 

siiperrasus -a -urn. shaved, scraped above, 



supcrscando (siiperscendo), 3. to climb 

up, climb over ; superscaudens vigilum strata 
somno corpora, Liv. 

superscribo -scripsi -scriptuni, 3. to write 
over or upon, Suet. 

supersedeo -sedi -sessum, 3. I. to sit 
above, sit upon, Suet. II. Fig., to be above any- 
thing, refrain from doing anything, omit, leave 
off; with abl., hoc labore, Cic; proelio, Cae«. ; 
with infill., loqui apud vos, Liv. 

superstagno, 1. to spread out intoalake, Tac. 

siipersterno -stravi -stratum, 3. to strew, 
spread over or upon ; superstratis Gallorum 
cumulis, Liv. 

superstes -stltis (super and sto). I. stand' 
ingnear, present, witnessing ; suis utrisquesuper- 
stitibus praesentibtfs (old legal formula), ap. Cic. 
II. surviving, living beyond another; (a) with 
dat., ut sui sibi liberi superstites essent, Cic; 
(|3) with geuit., alterius vestrum superstes, Liv.; 
aliquem uou solum vitae, sed etiam dignitatis 
suae superstitem relinquere, Cic. 

superstitio -onis, f. (super and sisto). I. 
superstition, superstitious fear, fanaticism ; 1, lit., 
anilis, Cic ; captl quadani superstitioue animi, 
Cic. ; superstitionem tollere, Cic. ; 2, meton., 
a binding, awe-inspiring oath ; una superstitio 
superis quae reddita divis, Verg. II. extermd 
religious observance; quaenam ilia superstitio, 
quod numen, interrogat, Tac ; in plur. = re- 
ligious observances or ceremonies ; hostes operati 
superstitionibus, Liv. 

superstitiose, adv. (superstitiosus), super- 
stitiously, Cic. 

superstitiosus -a -um (superstitio). I. 
superstitious; philosophi, Cic. II. prophetical, 
Plaut. 

siiperstlto, 1. (superstes). I. Transit., to 
preserve alive, Enn. II. Intransit., to be over 
and above, remain, Plant. 

stipersto -steti, 1. to stand over or upon: 
with dat., corporibus, Liv. ; with ace, aliquem, 
Verg. ; absol., Liv. 

superstriio -struxi -structum, 3. to build 
over or upon, Tac. 

supersum -fui -esse, to be over and above, 
either as remnant or as superfluity. A. As 
remnant, to be left, remain ; a, of things, duae 
partes, quae roihi supersunt illustrandao, Cic. ; 
biduum supererat, Cic. ; quod superest. the rest, 
Verg. ; quod superest, as for the rest. Cic ; 
superest, full, by inftn., Liv., Ov.; b, of persons, 
(a) to be left, to remain; et superesse videt de 
tot modo miliums unum, Ov. ; perexigua pars 
illius excrcitus superest, Caes. ; (/3) to survive; 
alicui, Liv. ; pugmie, Liv. B. to be supafluous, 
abound; vereor ne jam superesse roihi verba 
putes, quae dixeram defutura, Cic ; in a bad 
sense, to be superfluous, to be redundant; ut 
lK-que absit quidquam neque supersit, Cic 

supertcgo -texi -tectum, S. to cover over, 
Tib. 

superurgeo, 2. to press from above, Tac 

superus (rarely siipor) -a -um (from adv. 
super), com par., superior; superl., super- 
rlmus, supremus and summus. I.Posit, 
superus -a -um, upper, the upper, higher ; 1, 
gen., res superae, Cic. ; mare supcrum, the upper 
sea, i.e., the Adriatic Sea, Cic. ; 2, esp., of things 
on or above the earth, superis ab oris, fromjhe 
upper world, Verg.; hence, subst., a. superl 
•6ruin, m. ; (o) the gods above, Verg. ; (0) the men 
on the earth ; ad suporos fleti, Verg. ; b , siipcra 
-6rum, n. the heights; supera olta, the heights of 
of heaven, Verg. II, Couipar., superior -Oris, 



sup 



55S 



sup 



m. and f., supSrius -Oris, n. higher, upper, and 
partit, the upper, or higher part of anything; 
1, lit., a, of place, pais collis, Cacs. ; domus, 
Cic. ; ex loco Buperfore, from a higher place, 
Caes.; dc loco superior? dicere,/Vont the tribunal, 
as praetor, Cic. ; de loco supcriore agere, from 
the speaker's tribune, Cic; et ex superiore et ex 
aequo loco sermones, utterances on the tribunal 
and in, private life, Cic; b, in writing, scripture 
superior, preceding, Cic; 2, transf., a, of time, 
earlier, prior, former, past; and, as applied to 
human life, older ; annus, Cic. ; nox, night before 
last, Cic ; omnes aetatis supcrioris, of advanced 
age, Caes. ; b, of rank, higher ; superiors ordinis 
nonnulli, Caes.; c, of power, importance, etc., 
higher, more distinguished; (a) absol., aliquis 
superior, a distinguished person, Cic. ; milit. 
t.t, discessit superior, gained the advantage, 
Kep. ; (/3) with abl.,loco, fortuna, fama, Cic; 
facilitate et humanitate superior, Cic. III. 
Super!., A. sSpremus -a -urn, the highest, 
uppermost; 1, lit, of place, montes, Verg. ; 2, 
transf., a, in time or succession, the last; (a) 
nox, Verg. ; sole supremo, on the setting of the 
sun, Hor. ; adv., supremum, for the last time, 
Ov. ; (/3) of or relating to the end of life; dies, 
the day of death, Cic. ; honor, the last rites, Verg.; 
subst, suprema -orum, n., (aa) death, Ov., 
Tac; (pp) funeral rites, Tac; b, highest, greatest, 
most extreme; supplicium, Cic. ; ventum est ad 
supremum, the end is reached, Verg. B. sum- 
mus -a -urn (for sup -mus), the highest, upper- 
most, and partit. = the highest part of, the top; 
1, lit., of place, summum juguin montts, Caes. ; 
partit., summa urbs, the highest part of the 
city, Cic. ; in summa sacra via, at the top of the 
sacra via, Cic. \ subst., summum -i, n. the 
highest point ; a summo, Cic. ; summum tecti, 
Verg.; 2, transf., a, of the voice, the highest, 
loudest; vox summa, Hor. ; b, of time or suc- 
cession, the last; dies, Verg. ; senectus, extreme 
old age, Cic. ; c, in rank, value, estimation, the 
highest, most distinguished, most valuable, most 
ipiportunt, greatest, best; (a) of things, deoruin 
summus erga vos amor, Cic. ; summo studio, 
with the greatest zeal, Cic ; summa salus rei- 
publicae, Cic; quo res summa loco, how is it 
with tlie state? Verg.; adv., summum, at the most; 
quatuor aut summum quinque, Cic. ; (0) of 
persons, highest, most elevated, most distinguished; 
optimus et supremus vir, Cic; poet. neut. plur., 
summa ducum Atrides, the chief person, Ov. 

supervacaneus -a -urn, superfluous, un- 
necessary, useless ; litterae, Cic. ; opus, done at 
leisure hours, Cic. 

superv&ciius -a -urn, superfluous, unneces- 
sary, useless, needless ; ruetus, Ov. 

supervado, 3. to go over, surmount; ruinas, 
Liv. 

supervehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. to ride, 
sail, pass over, sail by; promunturium Calabriae, 
Liv. 

siiperveirio -v5ni -ventum, 4. I. to come 
over ; unda supervenit undam, Hor. II. to come 
up ; a, legati superveniunt, Liv. ; b, to come 
upon unexpectedly ; with dat, huic laetitiae, Liv. 

superventus -us, m. (supervenio), a coming 
up, arrival, Tac. 

siipervivo -vixi, 3. to survive, Suet. 

suDervolIto, 1. to fly over; sua tecta alis, 
Vorg. 

Supervolo, 1. to fly over, fly above, Verg. ; 
totum orbem, Ov. 

supinltas -atis, f. (supinus), a bending back- 
wards, a lying with the body bent bad:, Quint. 

supino, 1. (supinus), to bend, stretch back- 
wards, to throw back; nasum nidore supinor, 



I sniff xip, Hor. ; poet., glebas, to. turn over, 
Verg. 

supinus -a -iiiii (root SUP, Gr. ujt-tios), bent 
backwards, inclined backwards, lying on the back. 
I. Lit., A. Gen., motus corporis pronus, 
obliquus, supinus, Cic. ; manus supinns ad 
caelum tendeve, spread out with the palm up- 
wards, Verg. B. Esp., 1, going backwards, re- 
turning ; nee redit in fontes unda supina suos, 
Ov. ; 2, of localities, sloping, spread out, out- 
stretched; collis, Verg.; vallis, Liv. II. Fig., 

I, of character, careless, heedless, negligent, sup- 
ine, Juv. ; 2, proud, arrogant, Mart. 

suppalpor, 1. dep. to stroke, caress, flatter a 
little, Plaut 

suppar -paiis (sub and par), almost equal, 
nearly contemporary with; huic aetati suppares 
Alcibiades, Critias, Cic. 

supparasitor, 1. dep. (sub and parasitor), 
to flatter a little like a parasite, Plaut. 

suppar um (siparum aud sipharum) 
-i, n. and supparus (sipharus) -i, in. 
((Ti<|)apos). I. a linen garment usually worn by 
women, Plaut. II. a topsail, Sen. 

suppeditatio -onis, f. (suppedito), an 
abundant provision, superfluity ; bonorum, Cic. 

suppedito, 1. I. Intransit, 1, to abound, 
be in abundance, be at hand, be in store; ne 
chartam quidem suppeditare, Cic. ; cui si vita 
suppeditavisset, had lasted longer, Cic ; 2, to be 
in sufficient quantity, suffice; ad cultum, 1 Cic. 

II. Transit, 1, to provide, supply, offer, give 
abundantly ; (a) with ace, alicui frumentum, 
Cic. ; cibos, Cic ; (p) with dat, to support, stand 
by; alicui, Cic; 2, suppeditari aliqua re, to be 
provided with, Cic. 

suppernatus -a -um (sub aud perna), lamed 
in the hip; transf., alnus suppcrnata securi, 
hewn down, Cat. 

suppetiae -arum, f. (suppeto), help, aid, 
assistance, only in nom. and ace, Plaut. 

suppctlor, 1. dep. (suppetiae), to come to 
help, assist, Cic. (?) 

suppeto -ivi and -li -Hum, 3. (sub and peto). 
A. to be in store, be in hand ; ne pabuli. quidem 
satis magna copia suppetebat, Caes. ; ut inihi 
ad remunerandum nihil suppetat praeter volun- 
tatem, Cic ; si vita suppetet, if I live so long, 
Cic. ; of materials for a speech, vererer ne inihi 
crimiua non suppeterent, Cic. B. Transf., to 
suffice, be enough, correspond with ; ut quotidianis 
sumptibus copiac suppetant, Cic. 

suppllo, 1. (sub and * pilo, whence compilo), 
to steal secretly, filch; and, with personal object, 
to pluck, fleece, Plaut. 

suppingo -pegi -pactum, 3. (sub and pango), 
to fasten underneath, Plaut. 

supplanto, 1. (sub and planta), to throw 
down a person by tripping up his heels; aliquem, 
Cic. 

supplaudo = supplodo (q.v.). 

supplementum -i, n. (suppleo), a filling 
up, supply, supplement; milit. 1. 1, a recruiting 
of troops, a body of recruits, reinforcements ; 
exereitus, Liv. ; supplementum seribere legioni- 
bus, Cic ; supplementa distribuere, Liv. 

suppleo -plevi -pletum, 2. (sub and pleo), 
to fill up, make full, complete, supply. I. Lit., 
sanguine venas, Ov. ; inania moenia, to people, 
Ov. II. Transf., to fill up something that is 
wanting, make good, repair; bibliothecam, Cic; 
milit. t. t, to recruit, fill up the number of; 
legiones, Liv. 

supplex -pHeis,- abl. -plfce and -.plici, genit. 
plur. -plicum and (rarely) -plicluin (sub and plieo, 



BUp 



559 



sur 



thus lit., betiding the knee), hence, humbly entreat- 
ing, supplicating, suppliant; supplex te ad pedes 
abjiciebas, Cic. ; transf. , of things, multis et 
supplicibus verbis, Cic. ; with dat., alieui lien 
or esse supplicem, Cic. ; with possess, pron. or 
genit, of person besought, vester est supplex, 
Cic. ; miserieordiae vestrae, Cic. 

supplicatio -5nis, f. (supplico), a solemn 
public thanksgiving, a religious festival or fast 
on some public success or misfortune; ad omnia 
pulvinaiia supplicationem decernere, Cic. ; pro- 
digiorumaverruncandoruui causa supplicationes 
in bidunni decernere, Liv. 

suppllciter, adv. (supplex), suppliantly, 
humbly ; respondere, Cic. 

supplicium -ii, n. (supplex), a kneeling 
down, either for entreaty or to receive punishment. 
Hence, I. a humble entreaty ; a, of the gods, 
prayer; precibus suppliciisque deos placare, 
Liv. ; b, humble entreaty of men ; fatigati sup- 
pliers regis, Sail. II. punishment, penalty, tor- 
ture, esp., capital punishment ; 1, lit., sumeie 
supplicium de aliquo, to inflict upon, Cic; ad 
ultimum supplicium progiedi, Caes. ; hence, 
transf., torture, pain; satis supplicii tulisse, 
,Ca«s. ; 2, nietou., wounds, marks of mutilation; 
dira tegens supplicia, Yerg. 

supplico, 1. (supplex), to fall down on the 
knees before. I. Gen., to beseech humbly, entreat 
suppliantly; alieui publice, Cic; Caesari or 
senatui pro aliquo, Cic. II. to pray to the gods, 
supplicate, worship ; per hostias diis, Sail. 

supplodo (supplaudo) -plosi -plosuin, 3. 
(sub and plaudo), to stamp ; pedem, Cic. 

supplosio -onis, f. (supplodo), a stamping ; 
pedis, Cic. 

suppoenitet, 2. impers. (sub and poenitet), 
it repents somewhat; with ace. of pers. and genit. 
of thing, ilium furoris, Cic. 

euppono -p6sui (-pSsivi, Plaut.) -pisitum 
(syncop. partic, suppostus.Verg.), 3. I. to put, 
place, lay under; 1, lit, ova gallinis, Cic; 
aliquem tumulo or terrae, to bury, Ov. ; terrae 
dentes vipereos, to sow, Ov. ; 2, tig., to subject; 
se criminibus, Cic. II. tn put under something ; 
1, lit,, falcem maturis aristis, Verg. ; 2, fig-, 
a, to add, annex ; generi partes, Cic. ; b, to 
•plow after, to esteem less; Latio Samon, Ov. 
III. to put in the place of a person or thing ; 
1, gen., aliquem in alicuius locum, Cic; 2, to 
substitute that which is not genuine, to counter- 
feit, forge ; testaiuenta lalsu, Cic. 

supporto, 1. (sub ana porto), fc bring, bear, 
carry, convey to; frumeutum, Cue*. ; omnia 
inde in casta, Liv. 
suppositious -a -urn (suppono), 1, put in 
' the place of another, substituted, Mart. ; 2, sup- 
posititious, not genuine, Varr. 

suppositio -onis, f. (suppono), the substitu- 
tion, of one child for another, Plaut. 

suppositrix -tricis, f. (suppono), she that 
substitutes ;- puerorum, Plaut. 
suppostus, v. suppouo. 
suppressio -onis, f. (supprimo), embezzle- 
ment; judiciales (sc. pecuniae), Cic. 

suppressus -a -um, p. adj. (from supprimo), 
of the voice, low, subdued ; vox, Cic. ; orator 
suppressior ut voce, sic etiam oratione, Cic. 

supprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (sub and 
"prenio), to press down, press under. I. navem, 
to sink, Liv. II. a, to hold back, check, restrain; 
hostem nostros insequeutem, Caes.; vocem, 
Ov. ; iram, to check, suppress, Liv. ; b, to keep 
from publicity, keep back, suppress, conceal; 
famam decreti, Liv. : pecuniaui, nurnmos, to 
embezzle, Cic., 



. suppromus -i, m. (sub aud promus), an 
undcr-butler, Plaut. 

suppudct, 2. impers. (sub aud pudet), to be 
sometvhat ashamal; me alicuius, J am somewhat 
ashamed of; eovuin (librorum) me suppudebat, 
Cic. 

suppuratlo -onis, f. (suppuro), a purulent 
ulcer, suppuration, Plin. 

suppuratorius -a -um (suppuro), of or 
relating to an xdcer, Plin. 

suppuro, 1. (sub and pus). I. Intranslt., 
to form matter, suppurate. II.Transit., to cause 
to suppurate; hence, suppuratus -a -um, 
suppurated, full of ulcerous sores, Plin. Subst., 
suppurata -orurn, n. sores, Plin. 

suppiito, 1. (sub and puto), 1, to cut, prune 
beneath, Cato ; 2, to count up, compute; with 
reL seut, et sibi quid sit utile sollicitis sup- 
putat articulis, Ov. 

supra, adv. and prep, (for supera, sc. parte, 
from superus). I. Adv., with compar., 1, of 
place, a, above, over, on the top; omnia haec, 
quae supra et subtcr, unum esse, Cic. ; et mare 
quud supra teneant, quodque alluit infra, Verg. ; 
toto vertice supra est, is taller, Verg. ; b, in 
writing or discourse, before, above ; ut supra 
dixi, Cic. ; uti supra demonstravimus, Caes. ; 
2, of time, before, previously; pauca supra 
repetere, Sail. ; 3, of degree, a, lit., more, be- 
yond; supra adjicere, to offer more, Cic; b, 
transf., beyond, further; ita accurate ut nihil 
possit supra, Cic. ; supra deos lacessere, Hor. ; 
supra quam, more than ; rem supra feret quam 
fieri potest, Cic. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of 
place, a, with verbs of rest, above, over; supra 
subtcrque terrain per dies quindocim pugnatum 
est, Liv. ; of position at table, accuinbere supra 
aliquem, Cic; fig., supra caput esse, to be over 
a person's head, to be a burden, to be vexatious; 
ecce supra caput homolcvis, Cic; b, with verbs 
of motion, (a) over, beyond; fera saltu supra 
venabula fcrtur, Verg.; (/3) up to; nee exissent 
unquain supra terrain, Verg.; (y) above; supra 
aliquem transire, to surpass, Verg. ; 2, of tiu.e, 
before; supra hanc memoriam, Caes.; 3, of 
degree, a. lit., more than, above; supra nnllia 
Vlginti, Liv.; b, transf., (a) above, beyond; 
supra modum, Liv. ; Supra vires, Hor. ; (0) be- 
sides ; supra belli Latini metum id quoque ac- 
cesserat quod, etc., Liv. 

suprascando, 3. to climb over, surmount:; - 
fines, Liv. 
supremus, etc., v. superus. 

1. sura -ae, f. the calf of the leg, Ov. 

2. Sura -ae, m., P. Cornelius Lentulus, fellow- 
conspirator with Catiline. 

surciilaceus -a -um (surculus), woody, 
Plin. 

surciilarius -a -um (surculus), of or re- 
lating to young shoots, Varr. 

surculosus -a -um (surculus), woody, like 
wood, Plin. 

surculus -i, m. (dim. of sums), a young 
shoot, sprout, sucker.' I. Gen., Verg. ; surculum 
defringere (as a sign of taking possession), Cic. 
II. Esp., a sap for planting, Cic. 

surdaster -tra -trum (surdus), somewhat 
deal, Cic. 

surditas -atis, f. (surdus), deafness, Cic. 

surdus -a-um, deaf. ' I. Lit., Cic; prov., 
suidis ciinere, to sing to deaf ears, Verg.; baud 
surd is anribus dicta, Liv. II. Transf., A. Act., 
1, deaf= not willing to hear, insensible ; per num- 
quam surdos in tua vote deos, Ov. ; surdae 
ad omnia solatia aures, Liv. ; leges rem surdam 



Sur 



560 



sus 



esse, Liv.;2, deaf = not understanding ; m\\oTm<\ 
sermone surdi, Cic. B. Pass., not heard, still, 
silent ; lyra, Prop. ; gratia, Ov. 

Surena -»e, in. a grand vteier, prime minister 

among the Parthians, Tac. 

surgo = subrigo (q.v.). 

surpuit, Burpuerat, surpore, surpitc, v. sur- 
ripio. 

surrado = subrado (q.v.), 

surrancidus = subrancidus (q.v.). 

surrauous = subraucus (q.v.). 

surrcniigo = subremigo (q.v.). 

Surrentum -i, n, a townjn Campania, now 
Sorrento. Hence, Surrentinus -a -uiu, Sur- 
rentine. 

surrepo = subrepo (q.v.). 
surrcptirius = subrepticius (q.v.). 
surrideo = subrideo (q.\.). 
surridicule = subridicule (q.v.). 
surriguus = subriguus (q.v.). 
surringor = subringor (q.v.). 

surripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (sub and rapio), 
to take away secretly, to steal, filch, pilfer. I. 
Lit., vasa ex private sacro, Cic. ; tilium ex cus- 
todia, Liv. ; Pannam, conquer by cunning, Cic. ; 
of plagiarism, a Naevio vel sumpsisti inulta, 
si feteris, vcl, si negas, surripuisti, Cic. II. Fig"., 
a, aliquid spatii, ,Cic. ; virtus uec eripi nee 
surripi potest, Cic. ; b, surripi of an accused 
person, to be rescued from punishment by under- 
hand means, such as bribery, Cic. (syncop. forms, 
surpitc, Hor.; surpuit, Plaut.; surpuerat, Hor.; 
surpere, Lucr.). 

surrogo = subrogo (q.v.). 
surrostrani = Bubrostranl (q.v.). 
SurrubSo = subrubeo (q.v.). 
surriibicundus = subrubicundus (q.v.). 
surrufus = subrufus (q.v.). 
surriio = subruo (q.v.). 
sunusticus = Bubrusticua (q.v.). 
-surrutilus = subrutilus (q.v.). 

sursum, adv. (sub and Wsum). I, up- 
wards, on high; sursum deorsum, up and dov-'i, 
backyards and forwards, Cic. II. high up, 
above; nares recte sursum sunt, Cic. (susque 
deque = sursum deorsum, up and down ; prov., 
de Octavio susque deque (sc fero or habeo), 
I do not trouble myself about, Cic). 

sums i, in. a shoot, twig, Van-. 

sus, sftis, c. (f?), 1, a sow, swine, pig, hag, 
Cic; 2, a kind of fish, Ov. 

suscenseo -ceusui -censmn, 2. to be angry 
with, to-be enraged ; a, with dut., alicui vehem- 
enter, Cic. ;*■ b, with neut. ace, iilud vereor 
ne tibi Mum suscensere aliquid snspicere, 
Cic; c, with propter and the ace, Ov.; d, 
with quia or quod, Cic. ; e, with ace. and infin., 
Liv. 

susceptio -6nis, f. (suscipio), an under- 
taking; causae, Cic. 

susciplo -cgpi -ceptum, 3. (subs — sub and 
caplo), to take up or on oneself. I. As. a bearer. 
A. Lit., to carry, hold upright, Plin. B. Fig., 1, 
to support, defend; uliqiiem, ap. Cic. ; 2, to take 
upon oi\eself; a, to undertake a business, begin, 
take vp; esp., of something undertaken volun- 
tarily ; negotium, Cic. ; personam viri boni, Cic; 
sacra peregrins, to adopt, Cic; b, to suffer, 
submit to, endure; invidiam, Cic; dolorem, Cic; 
magnam molestiam, Cic. II. As a receiver, to 
Jake, receive, mtch up. A. Lit., domina.m 



ruentem, Verg. ; esp., a, aliquem, to take up a 
new-born child from the ground and so acknow- 
ledge it ; in lucem editi et suscepti sumus, Cic. ; 
Ihmicp, (ilium, etc., suscepisse ox aliqun, to hare, 
to beget a child ; liberos ex filia libertini sus- 
cepisse, Cic. ; b, to receive as a citizen, as a 
scholar, etc. ; aliquetrrin civitatem, Cic B. Fig., 

a, to receive as true, maintain ; quae si suscip- 
imus, Cic. ; b, to admit of ; consolationem, Cic. ; 
C, to answer, take up the speech, Verg. 

SUSClto, 1. I. to lift up. A. to raise on 
high, lift up, Verg.; lintea, Ov. B. to cause to 
rise, to rouse up, awake, cause to stand up; te 
ab tuis subselliis contra to testem suscitabo, 
Cic. ; of persons sleeping, to arouse ; aliquem e 
somno, Cic ; transf., ignes sopitos, Verg. II. 
to stir up ; a, to put in motion, arouse ; viros in 
arma, Verg.; b, to stir up, bring about; Ro- 
manum cum Saguntino bellum, Liv. 

SUSinus -a -urn (crouVu'os), made of lilies, 
Plin. 

suspect o, 1. (intens. of suspicio). I. ta 
look at, regard, gaze upon carefully, Ter. II. 
to look upon with suspicion, suspect ; aliquem, 
Tac- 

1. SUSpcctUS -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. sus- 
picio), suspected, awakening suspicion ; suspectum 
meis civibus, Cic. ; aliquem suspectum habere, 
to suspect, Caes. ; with de and the abl., qmim 
lilius patri suspectus esset de noverca, Cic ; 
with genit., suspectus cupiditatis imperii, Liv. ; 
with infin., suspectus eius consilia fovisse, 
Tac. 

2. suspectus -Os, m. (1. suspicio). I. a look- 
ing upwards; a, lit., aetlierium ad Olympian, 
Verg. ; b, meton., height ; turns vasto suspeetu, 
Verg. II. Fig., looking up to, honour, respect, 
esteem, Ov. 

suspendiosus -a -um (suspendium), one 
who has hanged himself. Plin. 

suspendium -ii, n. (suspendo), a hanging 
of oneself, Cic; suspendio perire, Cic; plur., 
praebuit ilia arbor misero suspendia collo, has 
served for hanging, Ov. 

suspend ■"■ -pendi -pensum, 3. to hang vp. 
I. Lit., a, nidum tigno, Verg. ; aliquem arbori 
infelici,Cic; aliquem in oleastro, Cic. ; se de ficu, 
Cic. ; simply se, to hang oneself, Cic. ; partic, 
suspensus -a -um, hanging up, Hor.; b, 
esp., to suspend as an offering in a temple, con- 
secrate; vestimentadeo maris, Hor. II. Transf., 
A. to raise up, make high ; tectum turris, Caes. ; 
tellurem sulco tenui, tn plough up, Verg. B. 
Transf., to cause to waver, or be uncertain ; 1, 
lit., a, ferre suspensos gradus, uncertain, Ov. ; 

b, esp., to build upon arches, to vault; bal- 
neola, Cic ; 2, transf., to support, prop up; ita 
aedificatum, ut suspendi non posset, Cic. ; 3, 
fig., a, to check, stop, break off; tletum, Ov. ; b, 
to leave undecided ; rem medio response, Liv.; 
C, to leave in uncertainty ; animos ticta gravitate, 
Ov. 

suspensus -a -um, p. adj. (from suspendo). 
I. hovering, hanging, suspended; currus in 
aqua, Cic. ; aquila suspeusis demissa leniter 
alis, Liv. II. Fig., a, resting upon, dependent 
upon; ex bono casu omnia suspensa sunt, Cic. ; 
b, uncertain, doubtful, in suspense, wavering; 
animus, Cic; aliquem suspensiun tenere, Cic; 
C, fearful, anxious, restless; tiir.or, Ov. 

SUSpicax -Scis (suspicor), suspicious, awak- 
ening suspicion, Tac. 

1. suspicio -spexi -spectum, 3. I. In transit., 
to look at from below, to look upwards ; in caelum, 
Cic II. Transit., A. to look at from below, 
regard, contemplate; a, lit., caelum, Cic; b, 
rig., to look up to, to esteem, respect, hanouz ; 



sus 



561 



Syb 



viros, Cic. B. Esp., to suspect; with infill., 
suspectus regi, et ipse eum suspiciens, novas res 
oupere, Ball. 

2. suspicio -onis, f. I. mistrust, suspicion; 
in qun nulla subest suspicio, Cic. ; suspicionem 
liabcre, to suspect, Cic, and, to be suspicious, 
Cic. ; suspicio cadit in aliquem or pertinet ad 
aliqueui, Cic. ; est suspicio, foil, by ace and 
itil'm., Cic; suspicionem alicui dare, Cic. ; or 
affaire, Cic. ; or inferre, Cic ; in suspicionem 
alicui venire, foil, by ace. and infill., Cic II. 
Transf., a notion, idea, conception ; deorum, Cic 

suspiciose, adv. (suspiciosus), in a sus- 
picions manner, suspiciously; aliquid dicere, 
Cic. ; suspiciosius dicere, Cic. 

suspiciosus -a -uni (2. suspicio). I. cher- 
ishing suspicion, suspecting, suspicious ; in ali- 
queui, Cic II. exciting suspicion, suspicious, Cic. 

susplcor, 1. dep. (1. suspicio). I. to suspect; 
with ace. of thing, res nefarias, Cic; with ace 
and itiiin., ea quae fore suspicatus erat, Caes. 
II. Transf., to conjecture, form an opinion, 
surmise; licet aliquid etiam de Popilii ingenio 
suspicari, Cic. ; quantum ex monumentis sus- 
picari licet, Cic ; with rel. sent., quid sibi 
impenderet coepit suspicari, Cic. ; with ace. and 
iufin., quod valde suspicor fore, Cic. 

suspiratio -onis, f. (suspiro), a drawing a 
deep breath, Plin. 

suspiratus -us, m. (suspiro), a deep breath, 
sigh, Ov. 

susplriosus -a -urn (suspiriuc:), breathing 
with difficulty, asthmatic, Plin. 

suspiritus -us, m. (suspiro), a breathing 
deeply, a sigh, Cic 

suspirium -li, n. (suspiro). I. a deep breath, 
a sigh, Cic II. asthma, difficulty of breathing, 
Mart. 

suspiro, 1. (sub and spiro). I. Intransit., 
to breathe deeply, to sigh ; a, occulte, Cic. ; b, 
in aliquo, in aliqua, in aliquam, to sigh for, long 
for, Ov. II. Transit., to breatheforth, sigh forth, 
long for ; aiuores, Tib.; Chloen, Hor. 

susque deque, v. sursum. 

sustentaculum -i, n. (sustento), a prop, 
support, Tac. 

sustentatio -onis, f. (sustento), 1, a delay, 
deferring ; habere aliquam moraui et sustenta- 
tionem, Cic. ; 2, as a figure of speech, keeping 
in suspense, Quint. 

SUStento, 1. (intens. of sustineo), tohold up, 
supjnrt, sustain. I. Lit., fratrem ruentem 
dextra, Verg. II. Transf., 1, to sustain, sup- 
port, strengthen, maintain; rempublicain, Cic; 
imbccillitateiu valetudinis tuae, Cic; 2, to 
sustain with food or money, maintain, support; 
se amicorum liberalitate, Cic ; aerspiritu ductus 
alit et sustentat animantes, Cic; 3, to bear, 
sustain , maerorem tuuin, Cic; absol., in battle, 
to hold out ; aegre sustentaturn est, Caes. ; 4, to 
put off, hinder, delay; rem, Cic; consilio hel- 
ium, Cic 

SUStmeo -tiniii -teutuin, 2. (subs = sub and 
tenen), to hold up, support, sustain. I. Lit., 1, aer 
volatus alitum sustinet, Cic. ; se a lapsu, to 
keep oneself from falling, to keep oneself upright, 
Liv. ; so simply se, Cic. ; 2, to carry ; bovem, 
Cic. ; of trees, (arbores) sustineant poma, Ov. ; 
3, tohold back, check, restrain ; equum incitatum, 
Cic. ; reinos, Cic ; impetum, Cic ; se, to hold 
oneself back from, refrain from; se ab assensu, 
Cic. II. Pig., 1, a, causam, Cic; munus in re- 
publica, Cic ; sustines non parvam exspecta- 
tionem, Cic. ; eos querents non sustinuit, could 
not withstand, Cic; sustineo, I have the heart to, 
f can induce myself to; with ace. and. infra., 



sustineb'int tales viri se tot senatoribus, tot 
populorum privatorumque litteris non credi- 
disse, Cic. ; b, absol., tuilit. t. t., to stand one's 
ground; liiutus Mutinae vix sustintbat, Cic; 
2, to support, maintain, nourish, sustain; ager 
non aiuplius hominum quinque uiillia sustinere 
potest, Cic; 3, to put off, delay; solutionem, 
Cic. ; rem in noctem, Liv. ; 4. to sustain, sup- 
port, maintain, preserve; civitatis dignitatem 
ac decus, Cic 

SUStolio, 3. 1, to lift up, raise up, elevate, 
Ov. ; 2, to take off, carry off ; liliam, Plant. 

sustringo = substringo (q.v.). 

susurrator -Oris, m. (susurro), a murmurer, 
mutterer, ap. Cic 

susurro, l. (susurrus), to murmur, mutter, 
whisper; of men, Ov. ; of bees, to hum, Verg.; 
of water, Verg. ; of the wind, Verg. 

1. susurrus -i, m. (reduplicated from the 
root of <ropi'£eie, avpiyi), a murmuring, mutter- 
ing, whispering, humming, buzzing, Cic. 

2. susurrus -a -um(l. susurrus), whispering, 
muttering; lingua, Ov. 

sutela -ae, f. (suo), a sewing together; fig., 
a cunning trick, artifice, Plaut. 

Suthul -ulis, n. a fort in Numidia, perhaps 
ruins of Guelnw. 

SUtllis -e (suo), stitched together, fastened 
together ; cymba, Verg. 

sutor -oris, m. (suo), a shoemaker, cobbler, 
Cic; prov.,nesutor supra crepiilaui(sc. judicet), 
let the cobbler stick to his last, Plin. 

SutoriUS -a -urn (sutor), of or relating to a 
shoemaker; atramentum, blacking, Cic 

sutrinus -a -um (sutor), of or relating to a 
shoemaker. I. Adj., taberna, cobbler's stall, Tac. 
II. Subst. , sutrina -ae, f. a, (sc ars), a shoe- 
maker's trade, Varr. ; b, (sc. taberna), a shoe- 
maker's stall or shop, Plin. 

Sutrium -li. n. a town in Etruria, pow 
Sutri. Hence, Sutrinus -a -uni, of or belong- 
ing to Sutrium; plur. subst, Sutrini -oruin, 
in. tlve inhabitants of Sutrium. 

SUtura -ae, f. (suo), a seam, suture, Liv. 
SUUS -a -um, pron. poss., his, her, its, own. 

1. Lit., A. Gen., 1, adj., a, suus cuique erat 
locus definitus, Cic. ; aliquem suum facere, make 
one's own, Liv. ; b, (a) with quisque in a different 
case, quo sua quemque natura maxime ferre 
videatur, Cic. ; or in the same case, quas tamen 
inter onines est suo quoque in genere mediocres, 
Cic. ; (/3) with proprius, sua cuique laus propria 
debetur, Cic. ; (y) with the ethic dat., factus 
(consul) est bis, primum ante tempus, iterum 
sibi suo tempore, Cic. ; (6) with ipse, sua ipsam 
peremptam (esse) mercede, Liv. ; (e) strengthened 
by -pte or -met, Crassum suapte interfectum 
manu, Cic. ; capti suismet ipsi praesidiis, Liv. ; 

2, subst., a, sui, his men, dependents, country- 
men, etc ; quern sui Caesarein salutabant, Cic. ; 
b, suum -i, n. one's own property ; ad suum 
pervenire, Cic. B. 1, his, its, etc. = proper, ' 
suitable; suum numerum habere, Cic; 2,= 
favourable, propitious; utebatur populo suo, 
Cic. ; 3, his or their own = not strange; sui dei 
aut novi, Cic. ; 4, independent, in one's own 
power; is poterit semper esse in disputando 
suus, Cic. II. Transf., rarely used for sui, 
injuria sua, against himself, Ball. 

syagrus -i, f. (cniaypos), a species of palm- 
tree, Plin. . i* 

Sybaris -ris, f. (2u/3opn). La riixr in 
Lucania, now Sibari. II. a Greek town in Lu- 
cania, on the river of the same name, destroyed 
510 B.c-., and afterwards rebuilt under the nameoj 



syc 



56^ 



c>yr 



Thurii, famous for its luxury. Hence, A. Syb- 
aritae -arum, m. the people of Sybaris. B. 
Sybaritis -Idis, f. name of a wanton poem. 

syce -es, f. (owij), l s a plant also called peplis, 
Plin. ; 2, a species of resin, Plin. ; 3, a running 
sore in Vie eye, Plin. 

Sychaeus -i, m. husband of Dido, Hence, 
adj., Sychaeus -a -um, belonging to Sychaeus. 
sycites -a -um (o-vki>>]s), fig-wine, Plin. 
sycophant a -ae, f. (<rv<o4>dvrr]i). I. an in- 
former, trickster, deceiver, Plant,, Ter. II. a 
cunning flatterer, sycophant, Plaut. 

sycophantia -ae, f. (ovKoQavrla), craft, de- 
ception, Plaut. 

sycophantlose, adv. (sycophanta), roguish- 
ly, craftily, Plaut. 

sycophantor, 1. dep. ((rvKo^ai/Te'oj), to play 
tricks, act craftily, Plaut. 

Syene -es, f. (SvTJrrj), a town, in Upper Egypt, 
famous for its red granite. Hence, Syenites -ae, 
m. (Surju'njs), of or belonging to Syene, Syenitic. 

Syla = SUa (q.v.). 
i Syleum (Sylleum) -i, n. (2v\uov), a moun- 
tain-town in Pamphylia. 
Sylla = Sulla (q.v.). 

syllaba -ae, f. ((nAAnjSjj), 1, a syllable ; syl- 
laba brevis, longa, Cic. ; 2, meton., syllabae, 
verses, poems, Mart. 

gyllahatim, adv. (syllaba), syllable by syl- 
lable, Cic. 
syllibus = sittybos (q.v.). 
Byllogismus -i, m. (o-i/AAoyto>L.os), a syllog- 
ism, Sen. 

sylldgistlCUS -a -um (o-vXAovio-tikos), syl- 
logistic, Quint. 

i Symaethus -i, m. (Sv/imifos), the largest 
river in Sicily, on the east of the island, receiving 
a number ofsmallei- streams, now Giaretta. Hence, 
A. Symaetheus -a -um, belonging to tluz Symae- 
thus. B. Symaethls -Idis, f., nympha, the 
nymph of the river Symaethus. C. Symae- 
thius -a- uin, Symaethian ; flumina, which fall 
into the Symaethus, Verg. ; heros, Acis, son of 
the nymph of the Symaethus, Ov. 

symbola -ae, f. (o-vixpo\r)), a contribution of 
money to a common feast, Plaut., Ter. 

symbolus -i, m. and symbolum -i, n. 
(tn/fi^oAo?), a sign, token, signal, symbol, Plaut. 

svmmetria -ae, £. (o-u/ip-erpia), symmetry, 
Plin. 

sympathia -ae, f. (crviJ.Tr6.8cta.), sympathy, 
natural inclination or agreement of two things, 
Plin. 

symphorua -ae, f. (trv/x^uji'ia), a concert, 
musical performance, Cic. 

::ymphdnlacus -a -um (o-vM^omaxd?), of or 
relating to a concert; pueri, singing boys, Cic. 

SymplegadCS -um, f. (Svixirkriyale;), the 
Symplegades, rocks in the entrance to the Euxhie, 
which, according to the fable, dashed against one 
another till they were fixed after the passage of the 
Argo between them. 

symplegma -atis, n. (cnJp.-n\eyn.o.), a group 
of wrestlers, closely embracing each other, Plin. 

Synapothnescontes (.o-uvaTroQmjtTicoi/Tes), 
Those Dying Together (the title of a comedy of 
Dipliilus). 

Synaristosae -arum, f. (a-uvapt.aru>o-a.C), the 
Women i>reakja3ting Together (the titlo of a 
comedy nf Menander), Plin. 

syncerastum -i, n. (ruyKcpacrov), a dish, of 
liolch-potch, hash, Varr. 



synecdoche -es, f. (a-vveKSoxr)), a figure of 
speech by v:hich a part is put for the whole, or the 
cause for the result, synecdoche, Quint. 

synodrus -i, m. (oweSpos), among the 
.Macedonians = senator, Liv. 

Synephebi -oruin, n. (<rvve<}>riPoi.),Thc Fellow- 
Youths (a comedy by Statius Caecilius), Cic. 

syngrapha -ae, f. (<rvyypa#7j), a bond, pro- 
missoi-y note, agreement to pay; cedeie alicui 
aliquid persyngraphum, Cic.; i'acere syngraphas 
cum aliquo, Cic. ; jus dicere ex syngrapha, Uc. 

syngraphus -i, m. (trOyypa^os), 1, a written 
contract, Plant. ; 2, a passport, Plaut. 

synl ... v. syll . . . 

Synnada -drum, n. (t<i 'S.vwaSa), and Syn- 
nas -adis and -ados, f. a small town in Phrygia, 
famous for its marble, now Eski-karahissar. 
Hence, Synnadensis -e, of or belonging to 
Synnada. 

■ synodontltis -Idis, f. (ctvvoSovtlt^), a pre- 
cious stone found in the brain of the fish sy nodus, 
Plin. 

synodus -ontis, m. (avioSovs), a fish, per- 
haps a kind of bream, Ov. 

syntecticus -a -um (ownjKnKds), wasting 
away, consumptii'e, Plin. 

syntexis -is, f. (o-uvtyi^), wasting away, 
consumption, Plin. 

synthesina = synthesis, II. b. 

synthesis -is, f. (o-iVOeo-is, aputting together). 
I. a service of plate, set of dishes, Mart. II. a - 
Wit of clothes; a, Mart.; b, a light upper gar- 
ment, dressing-gown, Mart. 

syntonum -i, n. (oUvrovov), a musical in-_ 
strument, Quint. 

Syphax -pbacis, m. (Su4>af), king of the 
Massaesyli, in Numidia, at the time of the Second 
Punic War, son-in-law of Hasdrubal. 

Syracfisae -arum, f. (2.vpa<ov<rat), the chief 
town of Sicily, a Corinthian colony founded 70S 
B.C., birthplace of 'Archimedes and Theocritus. 
Hence, A. Syracusanus -a -um, Syracusan. 
B. Syracusius -a -um, Syracusan. C. Syra- 
COSi'.lS -a -um, Syracusan. 

Syri (Surl) -drum, m. (Zvpoi), the Syrians, 
the inhabitants of Syria. Hence, A. Syrus -a 
-um, Syrian. B. Syria -ae, f. (.Zvpio), Syria, a 
country in Asia, on the Mediterranean Sea, in a 
wider sense including the country east of Syria as 
far as tlic Tigris ; Syria = Assyria, Cic. C. 
Syriacus -a -um, Syrian. D. Syrius -a -um, 
Syrian. 

syringias -ae, m. (a-upiyyCas), a kind of reed, 
adapted for making pipes, Plin. 

syrites -ae, in. (oTjplTns), a stone found in a, 
wolf's bladder, Plin. 

1. Syrius, v. Syri. 

2. Syrius, v. Syros. 
syrma -matis, n. (avpua). I. along, trailing 

robe, frequently worn by tragic actors, Juv. II. 
Meton. — tragedy, Juv. 

Syrophoenix -nicis, m. (2upo4>otVif), a Syro-, 
Phoenician, i.e., of Phoenicia on the border of Syria. 

Syros -i, f. (2upo;), an island in the Aegeo.n 
Sea, now Siru. Hence, Syrius -a -um (Supios), 
of Syros, born at Syros. 

Syrtis -is and -Idos, f. (SvpTts), a sand- 
bank, esp., those sandbanks on the coast of Northern- 
Africa, including Syrtis Major, now Sidra, and 
Syrtis Minor, now tabes; a, lit., Liv.; b, tiansf., 
thi coast opposite the. Syrtis, Hor. ; c, meton,,'. 
Syrtis patrimonii, Cic. 

Syrus -a -um, v. Syri. 



tab 



m 



tac 



T. 

Tt I t, the nineteenth letter of the Latin alpha- 
JL , bet, corresponding with the Greek tau 
(T, t). It is interchanged with d, c, and s, 
and assimilated with s, as quatio, quassi, mitto, 
missus. For the use of T. as au abbreviation, 
see Table of Abbreviations. 
tabanus -i, m- a gadfly, horsefly, Varr. 

tabella -ae, f. (dim. of tabula). I. a small 
flat board or tablet ; liminis, the threshold, Cat. 
II. Meton., 1, the tray or trough in which 
Romulus and Remus were exposed, Ov. ; 2, a 
draught-board, Ov. ; 3, a picture, Cie. ; 4 ? a 
writing-tablet; cerata, covered with wax, Cic. ; 
meton., in plur., a, <x letter, note; tabellas pro- 
ferri jussimus, Cic. ; b, a record, proctocol, 
register, etc. ; tabellae quaestionis, Cic; tabellis 
obsignatis agis meeum, you. take note of what 
I said, Cic. ; 5, a votive tablet hung up in a 
temple, Ov. ; 6, a voting-ticket, ballot; a, iu the 
comitia, b, in the courts of law, Cic. 

tabellarius -a -um (tabella). I. of or re- 
lating to letters; naves, mail-boats, Sen.; gen. 
'subst., tabellarius -ii, m. a letter-carrier, Cic. 
II. of or relating to voting ; lex, Cic. 

tabeo, 2. (connected with tijku, t-rdK-riv). 
I. to waste away, fall away, melt, be consumed; 
corpora tabent, Cic. II. Transf., to drip with ; 
artus sale (sea-water) tabentes, Verg. 

taberna -ae, f. (root TAB, whence tabula), 
a booth, hut. I. As a dwelling-place, pauperum 
tabernae, Hor. II. As a place of business, a 
stall, shup; libraria, a bookseller's shop, Cic; in 
tabernam devertere, a tavern, Cic. III. an 
arcade in the Circus, Cic. IV. As proper name, 
Tres Tabernae, a place on tlie Appian Road. 

tabernaculum -i, n. (taberna). I. a hut, 
a tent; tabernaeuhim in campo Martio "sibi col- 
locare, Cic. II. Esp., in religious language, a 
place outside the city chosen by the augurs for 
taking the auspices previous to the comitia, Cic. ; 
capere tabernaculum, Cic. 

tabernarius -ii, m. (taberna), a shopkeeper, 
Cic. 

tabernula -ae, f. (dim. of taberna), a little 
shop, small tavern, Suet. 

tabes -is, f. (tabeo). I. wasting away, putre- 
faction, melting;' 1, gen., liquescentis nivis, 
Liv.; 2, esp., a, a wasting away, decline, con- 
sumption, Cic; b, a plague, pestilence; tatita 
vis morbi, uti tabes, plerosque civium animos 
invaserafc, Sail. II. Meton., moisture arising 
from melting or decay, corruption ; sanguinis, Liv. 

tabesco, tabtti, 3. to melt, waste away, be 
gradually consumed. I. Of things, a, lit., with 
abl., corpora calore, Ov. , b, transf., nolite pati 
reguum Nuniidiae per scelus et sanguiuem 
familiae nostrae tabescere, 6e ruined, Sail. II. 
Of men, to waste away, languish, perish, be 
ruined; a, with abl., dolore, Cic; absol., 
perspicio nobis in hac calamitate pertabesceu- 
dum esse, Cic; b, of love, to pine away, Ov. ; 
c, to pine away with envy, Hor. 

tabidulus -a -um (dim. of tabidus), wasting, 
consuming; mors, Verg. 

' tabidus -a -um (tabes). I. melting, con- 
suming, wasting, decaying, pining away, dis- 
solving; nix, Liv. II. Act., consuming, causing 
to waste away; lues, Verg. 

tabificus -a -um (tabes and facio), melting, 
dissolving, consuming, causing to waste awav ; 
inentis perturbationes, Ov. . ""'.'." 



tabitudo -Inis, f. (tabes), decline, consump- 
tion, Plin. 

tabula -ae, f. (root TAB, whence taberna), o 
board, plank. I. Lit., tabulam arripere de 
naufragio, Cic II. Meton., 1, a bench (for 
sitting) ; solventur risu tabulae (perhaps = the 
benches will burst with laughter, but v. solvo 
II. B. 1, b), Hor.; 2, a gaming-board, draught- 
board, Ov. ; 3, a painted panel ; a, a painting, 
picture; tabula picta or simply tabula, Cic; 
prow, manuni de tabula, hold! enough! Cic; 
b, a votive tablet, Hor. ; 4, a tablet for 
writing; a, writing-tablet, Liv.; b, a tablet 
on which a law was engraved; XII tabulae, 
the Twelve Tables, Cic. ; c, a tablet used at an 
auction; adest ad tabulam, at the auction, Cic. ; 
d, the tablet on which a list of the proscribed teas 
drawn up, Cic. ; e, a vote in the comitia, Cic. ; 
f, a map, chart. Cic. ; g, a contract, register, 
record, Cic. ; esp., the lists of the censor, Cic. ; 
h, tabulae, aceount-books ; coiiflcere tabulas, 
Cic. ; tabulae novae, new account-books, by which 
old debts were cancelled, Cic. ; i, tabulae, state 
papers, public records, archives ; tabulas corrump- 
ere, Cic; j, a will, Hor.; k, a money-changer's 
table, Cic. 

tabularis -e (tabula), of or relating to boards, 
plates of wood, or metal, Plin. 

tabularius -a -um (tabula), of. oi^relating 
to written documents. Subst, 1, tabularius 
•ii, ra.a keeper of records, Sen.; 2, tabularium 
-Ii, n. (sc aediheiuni), archives, Cic. 

tabulatio -ouis, f. (tabula), a flooring, plank- 
ing, boarding, story, Caes. 

tabulatum -i, n. (tabula). I. a flooring, 
boarding, floor, story ; turris quatuor tabulat- 
oruin, Caes. II. Transf., a row or layer of vines, 
Verg. 

tabullnum -i, n. and (syncop.) tablinum 
-i, n. (tabula), a record-room, muniment-room, 
archives, Plin. 

tabum -i, n. (= tabes). I. a plague, pestilence; 
corpora atfecta tabo, Liv. II. Meton., a corrupt 
moisture, clotted blood, matter ; terrain tabo 
maculant, Verg. 

Taburnus -i, m. a range of mountains in 
Campania. 

taceo, tactti, taciturn, 2. I. Intransit, to be 
silent. A. Lit. = not to speak; an me taciturum 
tanti's de rebus existimavistis ? Cic. B. Transf., 
= silere, to be noiseless, still, quiet ; tacet omnia 
ager, Verg.; Ister tacens, frozen, Ov. ; loca, 
noiseless, tlie lower world, Verg. II. Transit., to 
be silent about anything, pass over in silence; 
quod adhuc semper tacui, et tacendum putavi, 
Cic. ; ut alios taceam, to say nothing about others, 
Ov.; pass., aureus in medio Marte tacetur amor, 
Ov. 

Tacita (dea) -ae, f. (taceo), the goddess of 
silence. 

tacite, adv. (tacitus). L silently, in silence ; 
tacite rogare, Cic. II. quietly, secretly; perire, 
Cic 

taoiturnitas -atis, f. (taciturnus). I. silence, 
taciturnity ; testium, Cic. II. silence, as a 
virtue, opus est fide ac taciturnitate, Ter.; nosti 
hominis taciturnitatem, Cic. 

taciturnus -a -urn (tacitus). I. silent, 
taciturn (opp. loquax) ; homo, Cic. ; ingenium 
statua taciturnius, Hor. ; tineas pasces taciturnas 
(of a book), Hor. II. Transf., still, quiet ; auinis, 
Hor. 

1. tacitus -a -um, p. adj. (from taceo). I. 
Pass., A. that which is passed over in silence, vn- 
mentioned; aliquid taciturn rolinquere, Cic; ali- 
quid (e.g. dolorcm, gaudium) taciturn coutintre, 



Tac 



564 



tarn 



Liv. ; non feres taciturn, I will not be silent about 
it, Cic. ; subst, taciturn -i, n. « secret, Ov. 
B. Transf., 1, silently assumed, implied, tacit; 
induclae, Liv. ; assensio, Cic. ; 2, done silently 
or secretly, secret, concealed ; judicium, Cic. ; 
vulniis, Verg. II. Act, A. not speaking, silent, 
quiet, mute; me tacito, / being silent, Cic; hoc 
tacitus praeterire non possum, Cic. ; tactta 
luiiiiiia, eyes in n fixed stare, Verg. ; oitcu in the 
place of the adv., tacita tecum loquitur patria, 
silently, Cic. B. Transf., making no noise, still, 
quiet; nox, Ov. ; exspectatio, Cic. 

2. Tacitus -i, in., Cornelius, the celebrated 
historian of the early empire, contemporary and 
friend of the younger Pliny, bom between 50 and 
GO a.d. 

tactills -e (tango), that can be touched, 
Lucr. 

tactio -i5nis, f. (tango). I. a touching, Plant. 
II. the sense of touch ; voluptates oculoruiu et 
tactionum, Cic. 

tactus -us, in. (tango). I. a touch, touching. 
A. Lit., chordae, ad quemquetactum respondent, 
Cic. B. Transf., 1, influence, operation; solis, 
Cic; 2, the sense of touch; res sub tactum cadit, 
Cic. II. tangibility, Lucr. 

taeda -ae, f. (connected with BnU or Sa<;, 
ace SaiSa or SaSa). I. the pine-tree , Plin.; plur., 
pine-wood, Hor. II. Meton., A. a board of pin*. 
Juv. B. Esp., a, a torch of pine-wood ; taeda 
ardentes, Cic. ; esp., as used at weddings, taeda 
jugalis, Ov. ; meton. — marriage, Verg., Ov., and 
= love, Prop. ; b, on instrument of torture, Juv. 

tacdet, taediiit and taesuni est, 2. impers. 
to be disgusted with, with ace. of pcrs. and 
genit. of tiling ; sunt homines quos libidinis in- 
famiaeque suae neque pudeat nequc taedeat, Cic. 

taedifcr -iera -fgrum (taeda and fero), 
torch-bearing ; dea, Ceres, who kindled a pine- 
torch on Mount Aehia when searching for Pro- 
serpine, Ov. 

• taedium -li, n. (taedet). I. disgust, weari- 
ness, loathing ; louginquae obsidionis, Liv. ; 
taedio curarum fessus, Tac. II. In an objective 
senbe, that which causes disgust, loathsomeness, 
Plin. 

Taenarus (-6s) -i, c. and Taenarum 
(-on) -i, n. (ToiVapo; and -ov), and Taenara 
-oruni, n. a promontory and town in Laconia, 
where teas a temple of Neptune, and whence there 
was supposed to be a descent into Tartarus, now 
Cape Matapan ; hence, A. A<1j., Taenarius 
-a -urn, Laconian, Spartan; niarita, Helen, Ov. ; 
fauces, entrance into hell, Verg. ; so porta, Ov. ; 
bencc, meton. = infernal ; valles, the lower world, 
Ov. B. Taenaris -Idis, f. Taenarian; poet, 
Spartan, Laconian; soror, Helena, Ov. C. 
Subst., Taonarides -ae, m. poet. =the La- 
conian, i.e. Hyacinthus, Ov. 

taenia -ae, f. (i-aieta). I. a fillet, the ribbon 
of a choplet, Verg. II. Meton., A. the tape- 
worm, Plin. B. a reef of rocks under uxiter, 
Plin. (abl. plur., contr. taenis, Verg.). 

taoter = teter (q.v.). 

tagax -acts (tago), thievish, given to pilfering, 
Cic. 

Tages -getis and -gae, m. an Etruscan deify, 
grandson of Jupiter, said to hare sprung from 
the earth, as it uvs being ploughed, in the form of 
a boy, and to hare taught the Etruscans sooth- 
saying. 

tago = tango (q.v.). 

Tagus -i, m. a river in Lusitania, now Tejn, 
celebrated for its golden sands, 

• talaria, v. talaris. 



talaris -e (talus), o/or relating to the ankles ; 
tunica, reaching to the ankles, Cic. ; subst., tal- 
aria -lum, n. 1, wings on the ankles, winged 
sandals, assigned to Mercurius, Verg., Perseus, 
Ov., Minerva, Cic ; prov., tularia videamus, 
let us think of flight, Cic; 2, a long robe reaching 
to the ankles, Ov. 

talarius -a -urn (talus), of or relating to the 
ankles ; Indus, a game accompanied with gestures, 
noisy instruments (such as the erotala, cynibala), 
so called because tho persons engaged iu it 
wore the tunica talaris, Cic. 

Talassio •flnia, m., Talassius -li, in., and 
Talassus -i, m. a cry usual at lioman weddings. 

Talaus -i, m. (ToAaos), one of the Argonauts, 
father of Adrastus, Eriphyle, etc. ; Talai gener, 
Amphiaraus, hus'jand of Eriphyle, Ov. Hence, 
Talaionius -a -uni, o/or belonging to Talaus. 

talea -ae, f. (root TAG, whence talus, taxil- 
lu.s). I. a cutting, slip for planting, Plio, II. a, 
ft short stake, with an iron hook, thrown on the 
ground to prevent the attack of cavalry, Caes. ; b, 
talea ferrea, a bar of iron used as money in 
Britain, Caes. 

talentum -i, n. (tAXclvtoi). I. a Greek 
weight, which varied indifferent states, the Italian 
= 100 Roman pounds ; aurique eborisque talenta, 
Verg. II. a sum of money, also varying in 
amount, but in Attica probably about £2-13 15s., 
Cic. (genit. pi., gen. talentum). 

talio -oiiis, f. (talis), retaliation or recomjiense, 
Cic. 

talis -e, of such a kind, such. I. Gen., a, 
aliquid tale, Cic; foil, by qualis, ut, atque, etc., 
ut facillime, quales sinuis tales esse videamur, 
Cic. ; teles esse ut laudemur, Cic. ; talis qualein 
te esse video, Cic. ; b, the following, as follows ; 
talia fatus, Verg. II. Like toioGtos ; a, of such 
n distinguished, remarkable, special kind; judiees 
tali dignitate praediti, Cic ; b, so exceptional, 
blamable ; facinus, Nep. 

taliter, adv. (talis), in such a manner, so, 
Plin. ; 

talitrum -i, n. a snap of the finger, fillip, 
Suet. 

talpa -ae, f. (m. Verg.), a mole, Cic 

Talthybius (Talthiibius) -li, m. (ToA- 
dvfiios), a herald and messenger of Agamemnon. 

talus -i, m. (root TAG, whence talea, taxil- 
lus). I. Lit, a, the ankle, ankle-bone, Plin. ; h, 
the heel ; purpura usque ad talos demissa, Cic. 
II. Meton., a die (made originally out of the 
ankle-bones of the hind feet of certain animals), 
which, as used among the Romans, had only 
four Hat sides, the other two being left round ; 
talis ludere, Cic. 

tarn, adv. (orig. an accusative, like qnam, 
jam, clam, palam). I. Correl. demonstr. particle, 
to express comparison, so far, to such a degree ; 
a, with qnam ; (a) before adj. and adv., tain 
esse olemeiis tyrannus, quam rex importunus 
potest, Cic; tain . . . quam, both . . . and. 
Suet. ; quam. . . tain before comparatives ami 
superlatives, quam magis. . . . tain magis, the 
more . . . the more, Verg. ; (fi) before verbs, e.g., 
esse = talis, haee tarn ess« quam audio, non 
puto, Cic; and before subst., tarn . . . quam, 
not so much . . . as; utiiiam non tain fratri 
pietatem qnam patriae praestere voluisset, Cic. ; 
with qui, quae, quod, quis est tarn lynceuR, 
qui nihil otrendat, Cic ; b, with ut and the 
subj., non essem tain inurbanus, uti egogravarer, 
Cic. II. Demonstr. particle, without a correl. 
= so, so very, so much, of such high degrei ; 
quid tu tain inane? Cic; before a subst., COS 
tam tempore exclamarit oecisum * Cic. 



tarn 



565 



tap 



tamarlx -icis, f. the tamarisk, Plin. 

Tamasos -i, f. (Ta^a<ros), a town in Cyprus. 
Hence, Tam&seus -a -uin, belonging to Tama- 
mm ; ager, Ov. 

tamdiu, adv. I. so long ; foil, by qnam- 
dln, quoad, dam, quam, donee, tamdiu requiesco, 
quanuliu scribo, Cic. II. so long, i.e., so very 
long, Cic. 

tamen, adv. an adversative particle, used— 
I. In the apodosis ; 1, with quamquam, quam- 
vis, etsi, etiamsi, tametsi, licet, quum = Aou>- 
ever, yet, nevertheless, not withstanding, for all that ; 
quamquam abest a culpa, suspicions tamen non 
caret, Cic. ; 2, in the apodosis of a conditional 
sentence, yet, yet at least, still ; si Massiliensea 
per deleetos cives reguntur, inest tamen in ea 
conditione, etc., Cic. II. To begin a fresh 
clause, still, however, yet ; hi non sunt permol- 
esti ; sed tamen insident o.t urgent, Cic. ; joined 
with si = but if, if only, Ov. 

tamen-etsi, conj. although, Cic. 

Tamcsis -is, m. and Tamesa -ae, m. a 
river in Britain, now the Thames. 

tametsi, conj. (tamen and etsi). I. although, 
though, nevertheless; foil, by indie, Cic II. 
however ; tametsi quae est ista laudatio, Cic. 

tamquam (tanquam), adv. I. Intro- 
ducing a com parison, as, just as, like as, as if, as it 
were ; quod video tibi etiam novum accidisse tam- 
quam niihi, Cic; gloria virtutein tamquam umbra 
sequitur, Cic. ; foil, by sic or ita, tamquam bona 
valetudo jucundior est, sic, etc., Cic; tamquam 
si, just as if; tamquam si tna res agatur, Cic. ; 
so v.'itli tamquam alone, tamquam clausa sit 
Asia, as if, Cic. II. Causal, as though; classis, 
tamquam eo diu pugnatura, e portu movit, Liv. 

Tanager -gri, m. a river in Lucania, now 
Negro. u 

Tanagra -ae, f. (Tdvaypa) a town in the east 
ofBoeotia; adj., Tanagraeus -a -urn, of or 
belonging to Tanagra. 

Tanais -Idis and -is, m. (Tarai's). I. a river 
in Sarmatia, now the Don. II. a river in Nu- 
inidia. 

Tanaum -i, n. a bay in Britain, now Firth 
of'Tay. 

Tanaquil -quills, f. wife of Tarquinius 
Priscus. 

tandem, adv. (tain and denionstr. suffix clem). 

1. at length, at last ; tandem vulneribus defessi 
pedem referre coeperunt, Caes. ; strengthened 
by jam, aliquando, Cic. II. In interrogations, 
pray, then; quid tandem agebatis? Cic; quod 
genus est tandem ostentationis et gloriae? Cic. 

Tanfana -ae, f. a German deity. 

tango, tetlgi, tactum, 3. and (archaic) tago, 
taxi, 3. (root TAC), to touch. I. Bodily ; 1, gen., 
terrain genu, Cic ; 2, tolouch a place, i.e., a, to 
border on; villa tangit viam, Cic ; b, to enter, 
reach a place ; provinciam, Cic. ; 3, to touch, seize, 
strike, push, hit ; a, chordas, Ov.; fulniine tactus, 
Cic, or de caelo tactus, struck by lightning, Cic.; 
b, totouch = tokill ; quemquara oportnissetangi, 
Cic. ; 4, to sprinkle ; corpus aqua, Ov. ; 5, a,= 
to take; non teruncium de praeda, Cic; b, to 
touch, talx part of taste, eat ; cibos dente, Hor. 
II. Of the mind, 1, gen., to touch, move, affect, 
impress ; minae Clodii modice me tangunt, Cic; 

2, to touch upon in discourse, mention; ubi 
Aristoteles ista tetigit? Cic; 3, to cheat, cozen, 
Plant. ; 4, to undertake, prepare ; cannina, Ov. 

taniacae -arum, f. long strips of pork, Varr. 

Tantalus (-os) -i, m. (TairaAo«), a king of 
Phrygia, father of l'elops and Niobe, u-ho set his 
own child as food before the gods, and was punished 
in Hades by being placed near fruits and- water, 



which drew back whenever he attempted to satisfy 
his everlasting hunger and thirst. Hence, A. 
adj., Tantaleus -a -um, of or belonging to 
Tantalus. B. Bubst., TantaHdes -ae, m. 
a sou or descendant of Tantalus, Pelops, Ov.; 
Agamemnon, Ov. ; Tantalidae fratres, Atreus 
and Thyestes, Ov. C. Tantalis -Idis, f. a 
daughter or other female descendant of Tantalus, 
Kiobe, Hermione, Ov. 

tantillus -a -um (tantus) = tiintulus, so 
little, so small, Plant. Snbst., tantillum -i, 
n. so small a thing, such a trijle, Plant. 

tantisper, adv. (tantus). I. so long, foil, 
by ilum ; ut ibi esset tantisper, duin euleus coni- 
pararctur, Cic. II. meanwhile, Cic 

tantopere, or sep. tanto opere, adv. so 
greatly, so much; discere, Cic 

tantulus -a -um (dim. of tantus), so small, 
so little; causa, Cic. Subst., tantillum -i, n. 
so small a thing, such a trifle; tantulo venierint, 
at so small a price, Cic 
tantum, v. tantus. 

tantummodo, adv. only ; ut tantummodo 
per stirpes alantur suas, Cic. 
tantundem, v. tantusdem. 
tantus -a -um, correl. adjectival pron. I. 
of such size, so great ; a, foil, by quantus, nullam 
unquam vidi tantam (coutionem), quanta nunc 
vestrum est, Cic. ; b, foil, by qui, quae, quod, 
gen. with snbj., nulla est tanta vis, quae non 
frangi possit, Cic; c, foil, by quain, Liv., Verg.; 
d, foil, by nt and the subj., non fuit tantus 
homo in civitate, ut de eo potissimum con- 
qneramur, Cic. ; e, without a correl., in tantis 
mutationibus, Cic; tot tantaque vitia, Cic II. 
so much ; tanta pecunia, Cic ; 1, neut., tantum, 
subst., a, in nora. and ace, so much; (a) ut 
tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, 
reinitteret, Cic; (|3) with genit., auctoritatis, 
Cic. ; b, in genit. of actual or moral value, at 
such a price, so dear; hortos emit tanti, quant i 
Pythius voluit, Cic. ; esp., (a) aliquid or aliquis 
est tanti, is worth so much ; tanti eius apud se 
gratiam esse, uti, etc., Caes. ; (/3) aliquid tanti 
est, it is worth the while; est milii tanti, huius 
invidiae crimen subire, duniinodo, etc., Cic ; 
c, abl., tanto ; (a) before comparatives, the more ; 
tanto nos subinissius geramus, Cic ; (8) with 
adv. of time, tanto ante, so long before, Cic ; (y) 
with verbs expressing a comparison, as praestare, 
Ov. ; d, in tantum, so far, so much ; in tantum 
suam felicitatemvirtutemque enituisse, Liv.; 2, 
neut., tantum, asadv.= somuch, so far ; (a) with 
verbs, de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velini 
cogites, Cic. ; (/3) with adj., instead of tarn, 
tantum magna, Hor. III. of sweh a kind, so 
little, so small ; ceterarum provinciarum vectig- 
alia tanta sunt, ut iis ad provincias tutandas 
vix content) esse possimus, Cic; neut., tantum, 
as subst. = so little; praesidii, Caes.; as adv.= 
only ; noinen tantum virtutis usurpas, Cic. ; 
tantum nnn, all but, Liv.; tantum quod; (o) 
just, Cic; (/3) only; tantum quod hominem 
non noininat, Cic; non tantum . . . sed etiam, 
not only . . . but also, Liv. 

tantusdem, tantadem, tantuindem andtan- 
tundein, just so much, just so great; neut. tan- 
tuindem or tantundem, just so much; a, in nom. 
and ace, niagistratvbus taiituiudem detur in 
cellam, quantum scinper datum est, Cic. ; b, 
genit. of price, tantidem, Cic. 

tapcte -is, n. and tapctum -i, n. (romjO, 
dravrry, tapestry, used for covering walls, doors, 
co; -s, etc, Verg. (abl. plur., tapetibus, Verg., 
Liv., Ov. ; tapetis, Verg. ; ace. plur., tapetag 
from unused nom. tapes, Verg.). 



Tap 



566 



tax 



TaprSbane -6s, f. (Tairpj/Sowj), an island 
south of India, now Ceylon. 

tarandrus -i, m. a rein-deer, Plin. 

Tarbelli -drum, in. a people in Aquitania. 

tarde, adv. (tardus). I. slowly; navigare, 
Cic ; tardius nioveri, Cic. ; judicare, Cic. II. 
late, not in time; triennio tardius (later) tri- 
umphare, Cic. ; tardissimc perferri, Cic. 

tardesco, 3. (tardus), to become slow, Lucr. 

tardigradus -a -urn (tardc and gradior), 
slowly stepping, ap. Cic. 

tardiloquus -a -urn (tnrde and loquor), 
slowly speaking, Sen. 

tardipes -pedis (tardus and pes), slow footed ; 
deus, limping, i.e., Fitfcaiij-Cat. 

tarditas -atis, f. (tardus). I. slowness, 
tardiness ; a, of persons, plerisque in rebus 
gerendis tarditas et proerastinatio odiosa est, 
Cic. ; b, of tilings, slowness, inactivity; pedum, 
Cic; navium, Caes. ; esp., slowness in speaking ; 
cursum contentiones magis requirunt, exposi- 
tioiies rerum tarditatem, Cic. II. Transf., 
mental and moral slowness, slothfvlness, inert- 
ness, dulness, stupidity ; ingenii, Cic. 

tardltudo -mis, f. (tardus), slowness, Plant. 

tardiusculus -a -um (tardus), somewhat 
slow, tardy, Plant. 

tardo, 1. (tardus). I. Intransit., to loiter, 
to be slow ; num quid putes reipublicae nomine 
tardandum esse nobis, Cic. II. Transit., to 
make slow, tardy, to hinder, delay, retard ; 
cursuin, Cic; with ab and the abl., aliquem a 
laude alicuius, Cic; with intln., ut reliqui hoc 
timore propius adire tardarentur, Caes. 

tardus -a -urn, slow, tardy. I. Lit., 1, gen., 
a, of living creatures, pecus, Cic. ; homo, Cic. ; 
with in and the abl., in deeedendo tardior, Cic; 
with ad and the ace, tardior ad disccdenduni, 
Cic. ; b, of things, tibiciuis modi, Cic. ; vox, 
Cic; imp., (a) coming late ; poena, Cic. ; (0) last- 
ing a long time, lingering; menses, Verg. ; 2, 
poet., making slow; podagra, Hor. II, Transf., 
a, of persons, slow of comprehension, dull, stujdd ; 
nimis indocilcs quidam tardique sunt, Cic. ; b, 
of things, dull; ingenium, Cic ; c, of speech 
or a speaker, slow, measured, deliberate; in 
utroque genere dicendi principia tarda sunt, 
Cic 

Tarentum -i, n. and Tarentus -i, f. 

(Tapas), a wealthy town on the coast of Magna 
Graecia, founded by Spartan exiles, 707 B.C., 
famous for its purple dyes, now Taranto. Hence, 
adj., Tarentlnus -a -inn, Tarentine ; plnr. 
subst., Tarentini -Brum, m. inhabitants of 
Tarentum. 

tarnies -Itis, m. a wood-worm, Plant. 

Tarpejus -a -nm, name of a Soman family, 
the most celebruted member of which was Sp. 
Tarpejus, commander of the citadel at Rome, 
whose daughter Tarpeja was said to hare admitted 
the Sabines into the citadel, and to have been 
crushed beneath their shields in reward. Adj., 
,» Tarpeian ; lex, Cic. ; mons Tarpejus or aaxnm 
/ Tarpejnm, the Tarpeian rock, a peak of the Capi- 
toline Hill, from which criminals were thrown; 
arx, the Capitol, Verg. 

Tarquinii -orum, m. an old town in Elruria, 
whence came the Tarquin family. Hence, A. 
Tarquinius -a -um, a, of Tarmilnii, name of 
two kings of Home, Tarquinius Priscus and the 
last king of Rome, Tarquinius Bnperbus ; b, be- 
longing to the Tarquin family; nomen, Liv. 
B. Tarquinlensis -o, of Tarquinii. 

Tarracina -ae, f. and Tarracinae -arum, 

t. a town in Latium, formerly called Anxur, now 



Terracina ; flumen Terracinae = Amaseiius, I.iv. 
Hence, adj., Tarracinensis -e, of Tarracina. 
Tarraco -onis, f. a town in Spain, now Tar- 
ragona. Heme, Tarraconensis -e, of Tar- 
raco; Hispania Tarraconensis, name of the 
north-east division of Spain. 

Tarsus -i, f. (Tapvos), the chief town of 
Cilicia, now Tarso. Hence, adj., Tarsensis 
-e, of or belonging to Tarsus. 

Tartarus (-os) -i, m., plur., Tartara 

• orum, n. (TapTapos, plnr., Toprapa), the infernal 
regions. Hence, adj., Tartareus -a -nm, Tar- 
tarean ; custos, Cerberus, Verg. ; sororcs, the 
Furies, Verg. 

Tartessus (-os) -i, f. (Taprno-ao^), a town 
in Hispania Baetica, on the Baetis. Hence, 
Tartessfus -a -um, Tartessian; litora, on the 
Atlantic, Ov. . : 

tarum -i, n. aloe-wood, Plin. 

Tarusates -ium, m. a people in Aquitania, 

tasconfum -li, n. a white, clayey earth, Plin. 

tat! iiiterj. an exclamation of astonishment, 
what! Plant. 

tata -ae, m. father, in the lisping speech of 
children, Varr. 

tatae = tat (q.v.). 

Tatius -ii, in., Titus Tatius, king of the 
Sabines, co-rcgent with Romulus. Adj., Tatius 
-a -nm; of Tat ivs. 

Taulantii -orum, m. a people oflllyria. 
taura -ae, f. (ravpa), a barren cow, Varr. 

taureus -a -um (taurus), of or relating to an 
ox; terga, ox-hides, Verg.; melon., a drum, Ov.; 
subst., taurea -ae, f.a whip of bull's hide, Juv. 

Tauri -drum, m. a people oj Scythian descent, 
near the Crimea. Adj., TauriCUS -a -um, 
Tauric 

tauriformls -e (taurus and forma), shaped 
like a bull (pi the river Autidus), because river- 
gods were represented with the heads of oxen, 
Hor. 

Tauril ludi -drum, m. games celebrated in the 
Circus Flaminius at Rome, in honour of the in? 
fernal deities, Liv. 

Taurini -drum, m. a people of Ligurian 
1 ice in Gallia Gisalpina, with capital Augusta 
Tanrinornm, whence Turin. Hence, adj., 
Taurinus -a -um, o/or relating to the Taurini. 

1. taurinus -a -um (taurus), o/or relating to 
a bull; tergum, Verg.; frons, Ov. 

2. Taurinus -a -um, v. Taurini. 

Taurois -Sentis, f. a fort in Gallia A'nr- 
bonensis, belonging to Massilia. 

Tauromenfum (Taurommium) -Ii, ii. 
a town on the cast coast, of Sicily, now Taormina. 
Hence, Tauromemtanus -a -um, of or be- 
longing to Tanromenium. 

Tauropolos, f. (TavpoTroAo?), surname of 
Artemis (Diana). 

1. taurus -i, m. (Ttivpos), a bull. I. Lit., 
Cic II. Transf., 1, the sign of the zodiac so 
called, Verg. ; 2, the bull of Phalaris, Cic ; 3, a 
bird, perhaps a bittern, Plin.; 4, a kind eg' beetle, 
Plin. ; 5, the root of a tree, Quint. 

". Taurus -i, m. (Tavpo<r), a high mowUaift- 
range in Asia, now Ala-Dagh or Al-Kuruh. 
Tanri Pylae, a narrow pass between CappadoCia 
and Cilicia, Cic. 

tax = tuxtax (q.v.). 

taxa -ae, f. o species of laurel, Plin. 

taxatio -onis, f. (taxo), a rating, valuing, 
appraising ; eius rei taxationem facere, Cic. 



tax 



567 



Tel 



taxicus -a -urn (taxus), of or relating to the 
yew-tree, Plin. 

taxillus -i, m. (root TAG, whence talus), a 
small die, Cic 

taxo, 1. (tago, tango), to touch, to handle. 
Fig., A. to reproach, tax with a fault; aliquem, 
Suet. B. to estimate, rate, appraise the value of 
anything, Suet. 

taxus -i, f. a yew-tree, Caes. 

Taygete (Taugete) -es, f. (Tavyirn), 
daughter of Atlas, one of the Pleiads. 

Taygetus -i, m. (Tauyerov), and Taygeta 
-ovum, n. a mountain between Laconia and Mes- 
senia. 

1. te, v. tu. 

2. -te, pronominal suffix added to tu (v. tu). 
Teanum -i, n. (Tdavov). I. Teanum Sidi- 

cinum, a town in Campania, now Teano. II. 
Teanum Apulum or Apulorum, town in Apulia, 
now Ponte Rotto. Hence, Teanenses -lum, m. 
the inhabitants of Teanum. 

Teates -um, m. a people in Apulia. 

teba -ae, f. a hill, Varr. 

techna -ae, f. (rexvn), <* cunning trick, arti- 
fice, Plaut. 

technicus -i, m. (rexnicos), a teacher of any 
art, Quint. 

Tecmessa -ae, f. (T«jnj o-o-o.), daughter of 
Teuthras, mistress of the Telamonian Ajax. 

Tecmon -onis, m. a town in Cyprus. 

Tecta via, a street in Rome, leading to the 
porta Capena. 

tccte, adv. with compar. (tectus), 1, cau- 
tiously, securely, Cic. ; 2, covertly, secretly, Cic. 

tector -oris, in. (tego), one who covers walls 
with plaster, stxLcco, etc., a plasterer, Varr. 

tectoriolum -i, n. (dim. of tectorium), 
plaster or stucco work, Cic. 

tectorius -a -um (tector), used for covering. 
I. Gen., paniculus, straw for thatching, Plaut. 
IL Esp., relating to the plastering, stuccoing of 
walls; hence, opus tectorium, and sulist., 
tectorium -H, n. plaster, stucco, fresco-paint- 
ing ; concinnum, Cic; transf., of paste put on 
the face to preserve the complexion, Juv. 

Tectosages -um, m. and Tectosagi 

■5mm, m. a people in Gallia Narbonensis, a 
branch of whom settled in Galatia, in Asia Minor. 

tectum -i, n. (tego), a roof. I. Lit., sub 
tectum congerere, Cic. II. Meton., a roof, 
shelter, quarters, abode, dwelling; ager sine 
tecto, Cic. ; aliquem tecto ac domo invitare, 
Cic. ; inter annos XIV tectum non subire, had 
not come under a roof, Gaes. ; Triviae tecta, 
temple, Verg.; Sibyllae, grotto, Verg. ; doli tecti, 
of the labyrinth, Verg. 

tectus -a -nm, p. adj. (from tego), covered. 
X. Lit, naves, Li v. ; scaphae, Caes. II. Fig., 
A. concealed or concealing oneself, close, reserved, 
cautious; quis tectior, Cic. B. concealed; a, 
secret ; cupiditas, Cic. ; b, of ijpeech, disguised, 
obscure ; verba, Cic. 

Tegoa -ac, f. (Teye'a), a city of Arcadia. Hence, 
A. Tegeaeus (Tegeeus) -a -um, Tegean, and 
poet. = Arcadian ; virgo, Callisto, daughter of the 
Arcadian king Lycaon, Ov. ; aper, the wild boar 
of Erymanthus, Ov. ; parens, Carmenta, mother 
ofEvcuuler, who is also called Tegeaea sacerdos, 
Ov. ; domus, of Evander, Ov. ; subst., Tege- 
aea -ae, f. Atalanta, Ov. B. Tegeates -ae, 
in. an inhabitant of Tegea. 

teges -etis, f. (tego), a mat, rug, covering, 
Varr. 



tcgeticula -ae, f. (dim. of teges), a lit tit 
mat or rug, Mart. 

tegillum i, n. (dim. of tegulum), a small 
Iwod or cowl, Plln. 

tegimen (tegumen) and tegmen -luis, 
n. (tego), a cover, covering; mihi amictui est 
Scytliicum tegumen, Cic; transf., a .shield ; 
quod tegumen modo omnis exercitus fuerat, 
Liv. 

tegimentum (tegumentum) and teg- 
mentum -i, n. (tego), a covering;, tegimenta 
corporum vel texta vel suta, Cic. 

tegmen = teginieu (q.v.). 

tego, texi, tectum, 3. (crr-eyco), to cover. I, 
Gen., arnica corpus eius texit suo pallio, Cic; 
casas stramentis, Caes. II. Esp., 1, to bury, 
cover with earth; ossatege bat humus, Ov. ; 2, to 
cover, conceal, hide; a, lit., ferae latibulis se 
tegunt, Cic. ; b, transf., to conceal, keep secret; 
ut sententiam tegeremus, Cic. ; 3, to cover so at 
to protect, to shield; a, lit, aliquem, Caes.; 
patriam, Cic; b, fig., to protect; legates ab ira, 
Liv. 

tegula -ae, f. (tego), a roofing-tile, Cic; 
plur., tcgulae, frequently i id for roof; per 
tegulas demitti, Cic 

tegulum -i, n. (tego), o covering, roof, Plin. 

tegumentum = tegimentum (q.v.). 

tegumen = tegimen (q.v.). 

tela -ae, f. (for texla, from texo). I. o 
web, that which is woven; Penelope telam ra- 
texens, Cic. ; a spider's web, Cat. ; fig., a device; 
ea tela texitur, Cic. II. Meton., 1, the warp, 
Verg. ; 2, the loom, Ov. 

Telamo (-on) -onis, m. (Tekaiitbu), one of 
the Argonauts, father of Ajax and Teucer. Hence, 
A. Telamonms -a -um,_Telamonian ; subst., 
= Ajax, Ov. B. Telamoniadcs -ae, in. the 
son of Telainon, i.e., Ajax, Ov. 

Telchincs -um, m. (TeAx'»"f). a priestly 
family of Rhodes, famous for metal work, and 
notorious for their sorceries. 

Teleboae -arum, m. (T>jAe0d<u), o people in 
Acamania, notorious for brigandage, a colony of 
whom settled in the island of Capreae, 

Telegonos -i, m. (TVeyoi/oj), son of Ulysses 
and Circe, builder of Tusculum ; Telegoni moenia, 
Tttsculum, Ov.'; appell., Telegoni -orum, m. 
of the love poems of Ovid (which were destructive 
to him their author, just as Telegonus killed his 
father Ulysses). 

Telemachus -i, m. (TijXeVoxoO. »o» »J 
Ulysses and Penelope. 

Telephus -i, m. (TSjXe^os), son of Hercides, 
king in Mysia, wounded by the spear of Achilles, 
but healed by its rust. 

Telethusa -ae, f. mother of Iphis. 

telinum -i, n. (njXiiw), a costly salve modi 
of the herb fenugreek, Plin. 

tells -is, f. (ttjXis), the herb fenugreek, Plin. 

Tellena -orum, n. a town in Latium. 

tellus -Oris, f. I. the earth; 1, lit., Cic; 
esp., the earth, soil, as bearing fruits, hutnida, 
Ov. ; 2, transf., poet., a, land, district, country; 
Gnossia, Verg. ; b, land, possessions ; propria, 
Hor. ; c. land = people ; Pontica tellus, Ov. II, 
Personir., Tellus, the Earth, as the all-nourishing 
goddess, Cic 

Telmessus (-OS) -i, f. (TeA^o-ads), an old 
town in Lycia on the borders of Caria. Hence, 
A. Telmesses -lum, m. the inhabitants of 
Telmessus. B. Telmessious -a -um, of or 
relating to Telmessus. C. Telmessius -a -um, 
I'elmessian. 



tel 



568 



tern 



telum -i, n. a missile, dart, javelin, spear. 
1. 1, lit, a, arma atque tela rnilitaria, Sail. ; 
tela intendere, excipere, Cic. ; b, a siuord, 
dagger, etc., weapon; stare cum telo, Cic. ; used 
of the cestus, Verg. ; of the horns of a bull, 
Ov. ; 2, transf., the beitms of the sun; tela die i, 
Luer. ; lightning; arbitrium est in sua tela Jovi, 
Ov. II. Fig., iveapon, arrow, dart, arms; tela 
fortunne, Cic. ; isto telo tutabimur plebem, Liv. 

Temenos (reVei'Q?, to), a place at Syracuse, 
where was a gmve sacred to Apollo. Hence, 
Temenites -ae, m. (Tenerinr?), of Temenos; 
Apollo, a statue of Apollo, Cic. 

temerarius -a -urn (temere). I. by chance, 
fortuitous, casual, Plant. II. inconsiderate, 
tlwughtliit, indiscreet, rash, impnulent ; homo, 
Cues.; consilium, Liv.; bella,Ov.; cupiditas, Cic 

temere, adv. by chance, accidentally, casually, 
fortuitously, rashly, heedlessly, without purpose. 

I. Gen., equo temere acto, Liv. ; doinus quae 
temere et nullo consilio administrator, Cic; 
nihil temere, nihil imprudenter factum, Caes. 

II. Esp., A. non temere est, itis not for nothing 
that, it is not without importance or meaning, 
Verg. B. non temere, not easily; qui hoc non 
ttinere nisi libertis suis deferebant, Cic. 

temeritas -atis, f. (temere). I. chance, 
accident ; temeritas et casus, non ratio nee con- 
silium valet, Cic. II. rashness, inconsulerate- 
ness, temerity in action ; an inconsiderate, un- 
founded opinion, in judgment ; temeritas cupid- 
itasquemilituin, Caes.; numquam temeritas cum 
sapientia commiscetur, Cic. 

tcmero, 1. (temere), to defile, dishoiwur, pol- 
lute ; templa, Verg. : thalamos, Ov. 

Temesa -ae, f., Temese -es, f., and 
Tempsa (Temsa) -ae, f. (Je^on, Te>^o), an 
old town in Bruttium, famous for its copper 
mines. Hence, A. Temesaeus -a -urn, Te- 
mesean. B. Tem^seius -a -urn, Temesean. 
C. Tempsanus -a -uin, Tempsan. 

temetum -i, n. (root temum, whence temu- 
lentus), any intoxicating drink, wine, Cic. - 

terano, tempsi, 3. to despise, contemn ; vul- 
• gaiia, Hor. 

Temnos -i, f. (T^ios), " town in Aeolia, 
now Menimen. Hence, A. Temnites -ae, m. 
of Temnos. B. Temnil -Oram, m. the in- 
habitants of Temnos. 

temo -onis, m. (tendo), a pole; 1, lit, a, 
of a waggon, Verg. ; b, of a plough, a plough- 
beam, Verg.; 2, meton., a, a waggon; b, the 
constellation of Charles's Wain, Cic. poet. 

Tempi, neut. plur. (TeVm), rd). I. a valley 
in Thesscdy, famous for its beauty, through which 
the river Peneus flowed. II. Transf., any beau- 
tiful valley, Ov., Verg. 

temperamentum -i, n. (tempero). I. a 
right proportion of things mixed together ; eadem 
est materia, sed distatteinperamento, Plin. II. 
o middle U'ay, mean, moderation ; inventum est 
temperamentum, qnotenuiores cum principibus 
aequari se putarent, Cic. 

temperans -antis, p. adj. (from tempero), 
moderate, temperate, continent, self-denying ; 
homo, Cic. ; homo temperantissimus, Cic. ; with 
ab and the abl., temperantior a cupidine im- 
perii, Liv. 

tempe ranter, adv. with compar. (tem- 
perans), temperately, moderately; temperantius 
agere, Cic. 

temperantia -ae, f. (temperans), temper- 
ance, moderation, sobriety, continence; temper- 
antia in praetermittendis voluptatibus cernitur, 
Cic. 



temperate, adv. (temperatus), moderately, 
temperately; agere, Cic; temperitius scribere 
Cic. 

tomperatio -Onis, f. (tempero). I. fern- 
perateness, moderation, just proportion, proper 
mixture of ingredients, constitution, organisation ; 
caeli, Cic; caloris, Cic; coiporum, Cic; civi- 
tatis, reipublieae, Cic II. Concr., the organ- 
ising principle ; sol mens mnndi et temperatio, 
Cic. 

temperator -oris, m. (tempero), one who 
arranges or governs ; varietatis, Cic 

temperatura -ae, f. (tempero), proper mix- 
ture, temperature, organisation, Plin. 

temperatus a -urn, p. adj. (from tempero). 
I. projterly arranged ; prela, Cato. - II. ordered, 
moderate ; a, esea, Cic ; loea temperatiora, Caes. ; 
b, tig., moderate, mild, quiet, temperate; homo 
teuiperatissimus, Cic; oratio temperatior, Cic. 

temper!, temperius, v. tempus. 

temperles -ei, f. (tempero), a proper mixture, 
preparation, organisation, tempering ; temperiem 
suinpsere humorque calorque, Ov. 

tempero, 1. (tempiis, a section), to set 
bounds to a thing, keep within limits. I. In- 
transit., to observe proper limits, be temperate; 

I, gen., in multa, Liv.; with dat., to control, 
keep back, use with moderation ; victorine, Sail. ; 
linguae, Liv. ; with abl., risu, Liv. ; with ab and 
tl ■■ .".hi., to keep from, refrain from ; ab injuria, 
Caes. ; sibi non temperare and simply non or 
vix temperare, foil, by quominus or quin and 
subj., not to refrain from ; neque sibi tempera- 
turos existiimibat, quin in proviuciaiii exirent, 
Caes.; 2, esp., to spare, with dat.; Iioatibua 
superatis, Cic II. Transit., 1, a, to distribute 
or mix properly, to temper ; acuta cum grnvibns, 
Cic ; b, esp., to mix a drink, prepare ; poculum, 
Hor. ; 2, a, to regulate: rempublicam legibus, 
Cic; b, to rule; res hominum ac deorum, Hor.; 
3, to temper, make mild; calores solis, Cic; 
aequor, Verg. 

tempestas -atis, f. (tempus). I. a space or 
period of time, season; ea teinpestate, at that 
time. Sail. ; eadem tempest-ate, Cic. ; militia ante 
tempestatibus, Liv. II. weather. A. Gen., 
bona, certa, Cic; clara, Verg. ; turbulenta, Cic; 
perfrigida, Cic ; teinpestates, kinds of weather, 
Cic B. bad weather, storm, tempest; 1, lit., 
immoderatae teinpestates, Cic; 2, fig., storm, 
tempest, attack, fury ; invidiae, Cic; querelarum, 
Cic; telorum. Verg.; of persons, Sicilloruin 
tempestas (of VerreB),' Cic. ; turbo ac tempestas 
pacis (of Clodius), Cic 

tempestive, adv. with compar. (tempest- 
ivus), ot the right time, seasonably; tempestive 
caeili (of trees), Cic ; tempestivius in doinum 
P r romissabcre, Hor. 

tempestlVltas atis, f. (tempestivus), the fit 
time, proper season; sua cuique parti itctatis 
tempestivitas est data, Cic. 

tempestlvo = tempestive (q.v.). 

tempestivus a -tun (tempus). I. happen- 
ing at the right time, opportune, seasonable, fit, 
appropriate. A. nondum tempestivo ad navig- 
andum mari, Cic ; ovatio, Liv. ; multa mild ad 
mortem tempestiva fuere, convenient opportuni- 
ties for, Cic' B. early; cena, convivium, Cic 

II. a, of fruit, in season, ripe; fructus, Cic; b, 
of persons, ripe, mature; puella tempestiva viro, 
ripe for marriage, Hor. 

templum -i, n. (= tempulum, dim. of tem- 
pus), lit, a section, a part cut off. I. a space in 
Die sky or on the earth marked out by the augur 
for the purpose of taking auspices, Liv. II. 
Transf., A. a place from which one can survey; 



tern 



569 



ten 



a a prospect, range of vision ; deus, cuius hoc 
tempmin est onine quod conspicis, Cic ; D, a 
height ; templa Pamassia, the Mount Parnassus, 
Ov B. a consecrated piece of ground ; a, gen., 
nnu consecrated spot, a sanctuary asylum, Uv ; 
of a chapel dedicated to the dead, Verg. ; of the 
curia, because consecrated by an augur ; curia, 
tetuplum publici consilii, Cic; thctnbunal.Lu:., 
transf., of any dear, open space ; inuiidi, Imcr.; 
f)c —the interior; templa mentis, Oic; D, 
esp', a place dedicated to a particular deity, a 
temple; Jo vis, Cic. 

temporalis -e (tenipus), temporary, lasting 
for a time ; laudes, Tac. 

temporarlus -a -um (tempus). I. tempo- 
rary, Pliu. II. seasonable, adapted to time and 
circumstances, Nep. 
tempori, v. tenipus. 
Tempsa, Tempsanus, v. Temesa. 
tempus -oris, n. (tc>w», to cut off), a divi- 
sion, section ; hence, I. a division of time, section 
of time, period of time. A. Lit., extremum 
tempus diei, Cic. ; matutina tempora, the morn- 
ing hours, Cic. ; hibernum tempus anni, Cic. ; 
hoc tempore, Cic. ; omni tempore, Cic; in tem- 
pus praesens, for the present, Cic. ; ex tempore, 
without preparation, Cic; ad tempus, for a 
time, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a distinct point of 
time; abiit illud tempus, Cic; ad tuum tempus, 
in; to your consulship, Cic; tempus est, with 
infill., it is high time to; tempus est dicere, Cic; 
with ace. and infill., tempus est jam hinc abne 
me, Cic. ; 2, time as a whole; tempus ponere in 
re, to spend, Cic ; in omne tempus, for all time, 
Cic. ; 3, a proper, fit time, occasion, opportunity ; 
tempus amittcre, Cic. ; tempus habere, Cic ; ad 
tempus, at the right time, Cic. ; old abl., tempori 
or temperi, at the right time, seasonably, Oic. ; 
eoinpar., teinperius, Cic. J 4, a, the state, condi- 
tion of things; freq. plur., the times; temporibus 
serviie, Cic. ; b, the circumstances of a thing or 
person; reipublicae, Cic; eap., calamitous cir- 
cumstances, misfortune, calamity; scripsi do 
temporibus meis, Cic. ; 5, time in pronouncing 
a syllable, quantity, Cic. ; 6, time in grammar, 
tense of a verb, Varr. II. the temple on the 
forehead, Verg.; plur., the temples, Verg.; poet., 
the face, Prop. ; tlie head, Prop. 

Tempyra -Brum, n. a town in Thrace, be- 
tween ML Rhodope and the coast. 
Temsa = Temesa (q.v.). 
temiilentia -ae, f. (tcniulentus), drunken- 
ness, intoxication, Plin. 

temulontns -a -um (temum, whence teme- 
tum), drunken, intoxicated, tipsy; of persons, 
Cic. ; of things, vox, Cic 

tenacitas -atis, f. (tenax). I. a firm hold- 
ing, tenacity; unguium tenacitate arnpiunt, 
Cic. II. frugality, stinginess, Liv. 

tonaciter, adv. (tenax). I. firmly, tena- 
ciously ; premere, Ov. II. Transf., constantly, 
firmly; uiiseros urgere, Ov. 

tenax -iieis (teneo), folding fast, griping, 
tenacious. I. Lit., A. Gen., forceps, \ erg. ; 
dens (of an anchor), Verg. B. Esp., a, holding 
fast to possessions, money, etc., sparing, frugal, 
stingy; pater parcus et tenax, Cic; with genit., 
quaesiti tenax, Ov. ; b, folding firmly together, 
sticky, gluey; gramen, matted, Hor. ; cerae, \erg. 
II Transf., A. Gen., firm, steadfast; longa 
tenaxque fides, Ov. B. Esp., of character a, 
in a good sense, firm, resolute, steadfast, holding 
to ; With genit,, propositi, Hor. ; b, in a bad 
sense, obstinate; equus, Liv.; ira, Ov. 
Toncteri -orum and -am, m, a Qerman people 

on tin ShiMi 



tendioula -ae, f. (tendo), a gin, noose, snare; 
fig aucupia verboium et litteiarum tendiculae, 
Cic! 

tendo, tfitendi, tentum and tensum, 3. (root 
TEN whence reivut, to stretch), to stretch, stretch 
out, 'extend. I. Act, A. 1, lit., plagas, Cic ; 
arcum, Verg.; 2, meton., a, to pitch (a ton*). 
i.raetoriuni, Caes.; b, to string ; barbiton, Hor., 
c to direct ; iter ad naves, Verg.; sagittas arcu, 
to' shoot, Hor. ; d, to reach, present ; parvum 
patri Iulum, Verg. B. Fig., 1, gen., al.cul 
insidias, to lay snares for, Cic. ; 2, to present, 
dive ; speni amicis poiTigere atque tendore, Oic. 
II. Reflex, (with or without se) and middle, A. 
Lit 1 (without se), to stretch out; milit. t. t., 
to pitch one's tent, encamp, Caes., Verg. ; m 
iisdem castris, Liv. ; 2 (without se), to direct 
one's course to, tend towards, go towards, march 
towards; a, of persons, Veuusiani, Cic ; ad 
aedes, Hor. ; unde venis? et quo tendis? Hor., 
b of inanimate things, simulacra vns de rectis 
omnia tendunt, Lucr.; 3, of places, reflex, (with 
and gen. witliout.se), or middle, to stretch towards, 
extend to; via tendit sub nioenia, \ erg. ». 
Transf. (reflex without se), 1, a, to have recourse 
to • ad alienain openi quisque inops teudere, 
Liv • b to be inclined, tend in any direction, 
aim 'at, strive after; ad reliqua alacn tende- 
bamus animo, Cic; foil, by inlin., to try, at- 
tempt; nianibus divcllcre nodos, Verg. ; prae- 
vcuire Liv.; 2, to strive, contend against ; a, 
with arms, sumina vi, Sail.; b, with words, etc. 
to contend for, strive for; quod summayi uttend- 
erent, amicis mandaverat, Liv. ; with lit and 
the subi., ut delectum haberet, Liv. ; with ace. 
of pron., quid tendit? what is he striving fori 
Cic. i. 

tonebrae -arum, f. darkness. I. Lit., a, 
Cic. ; tetria tenebris, Cic; b, esp., the darkness 
of the night, night ; quoinodo redissem luce, non 
tenebris, Cic; 2, a, darkness = bit iidness; teiie- 
bras et cladein lncia adeinptue objicit, uv. , d, 
the darkness before the eyes in fainting ; tenebris 
nigrescunt omnia circum, Verg. ; C, the darkness 
of death, Plaut. ; 3, meton., a dark place; of 
the lower world, Stygiae, Verg; abaci., Verg., 
Ov • of a prison, clausi in tenebris, ball. ; ol a 
hiding-place, quuin ilia conjuiatio ex latebris 
atquc ex tenebris erupisset, Cic II. Transt., 

1 obscurity, inglorious condition ; vestramtamil- 
iam obscurain e tenebris in lueein evocavit, Cic; 

2 darkness, gloom, obscurity ; latent isU omnia 
crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris,. Cic 

tenebrfoosus -a -um (tenebricus), dark, 

gloomy, shrouded in darkness, obscure ; illud te.ie- 

bricosissimum tempus ineuntisactatistuae, Cic 

tonobricus -a -um (tenebrae), dark, gloomy, 

Cic poet. 

tSnebrosus -a -um (teuebrae), dark, gloomy ; 
pal us, Verg. . 

Tenedus (-5s) -i, f. (TeVsSoO, an island m 
the Aegean Sea, near Troy, now Tenedo. Hence, 
TSnedlUS -a -um, belonging to Tenedos. 

tenelliilus -a -uin (dim. of tenellus), ex- 
ceedingly tender, delicate, Cat. 

tenellus -a -um (dim. of tenor), very tender, 
delicate, Plaut. 

teneo, tenui, tentum, 2. (root TEN, whence 
tendo, T£(Vu>), to fold. I. Gen., A. 1, lit-, 
pyxidem in manu, Cic; pateram dexters 
maim, Cic; cibum ore, Cic.; 2, transf., a, 
C en res oculis et nianibus tenetur, is visible 
and tangible, Cic; rem manu tenere, to have at 
one's fingers' ends, to understand thoroughly, Cic, 
b to hold in the mind, to understand, grasp, 
know; quae et saepe audistis ct tenetis aniniis, 
Die, ; quibus rebus capiatur Caesar, tenes 4 Lie. 



ten 



570 



ten 



$ 



B. Meton., 1, to reach aplcux, arrive at, land on ; 
regional)), Liv. ; transf., per cnrsum rectum 
regiium, Cic ; 2, to direct; a, oculos sub astra, 
Verg.; b, to direct one's course; quo teuetis 
iter? Verg. ; intrnnsit., of ships, to sail to; ad 
Mendaenm, Liv. II. With the notion of pro- 

jerty, to hold in one's possession, have, possess ; 

L, lit., a, multahereditatibus, multaemptionibus 
tenebantur sine injuria, Cic; b, niilit. t. t., to 
occupy, garrison; locum praesidiis, liiuiitem, 
portum, Caes. ; 2, transf., of persons as objects, 
te.jam tenet altera conjux, Ov. ; to possess as a 
ruler, terras, Hor.; iniperitun, Caes.; qui tenent 
(sc. rempublicain), the rulers of the state, Cic. 
IIL With the notion of firmness, to hold fust ; 
1, lit., a, ut quo major se vis aquae incitavisset, 
hoc artius illigata tenerentur, Caes.; b, asmilit. 
t. t., to defend, keep; suum locum, tumulum, 
Caes.; 2, transf., a, to hold fast in tlie mind; 
memoriain alicuius, Cic. ; memoria tenere = to 
remember, foil, by ace. and intln., Cic. ; b, to 
catch, delect ; teneo te, Cic. ; teneri in manifesto 
peecato, Cic. ; c, of passions, to possess, master ; 
misericordia me tenet, Cic; magna spes me 
tenet, with ace. and infin., Cic; d, to charm, 
amuse; varias mentes carmine, Verg.; pueri 
ludis tenentur, oculi pictura tenentur, Cic. ; e, 
to bind; le^es eum tenent, Cic; lege, foedere, 
promisso teneri, Cic; f, to holdfast, preserve; 
auctoritatem, imperinm in suos, Cic. ; causani 
apud centnin viros, to gain, Cic; g, to maintain 
u proposition ; illud arte tenent accurateque de- 
feiulunt, voluptatem esse siimmum bonum, Cic. 
IV. With the notion of endurance or quiet, to 
preserve, keep. A. Gen., a, lit., terra tenetur 
nutu suo, Cic; b, tiansf, aliquem in officio, 
Cic. B. E.-,p., 1, transit, to keep to, not to 
swerve from ; a, lit., cm-sum, Caes., Cic; absul., 
medio tutissimus ibis, inter utnunque telle, 
hold your course, Ov. ; b, transf., to observe, re- 
main true to; ordinem, (idem, Cic; 2, in- 
transit, to last, endure, keep on; iniber per 
totam noctein tenuit, Liv. ; fama tenet, the 
report holds, with ace. and infin., Liv. V. With 
the notion of motion checked, to hold fist. A. 
to krcji in, hold Ixtck; 1 ? lit., inanus al) aliquo, 
Ov. ; aliquem or se donu, to keep at home, Liv. ; 
se castris, Caes. ; se Oppido, Cic. ; 2, transf., to 
restrain, suppress, check, hold back; risum, dol- 
orein, iracondiam, Cic. ; lacrimas, Cic ; se ab 
accusando, to refrain from, Cie. ; se non tenere, 
or se tenere non posse quin, etc., teneri non 
j -se quin, etc., not to be aide to refrain from, 
■ .e. B. to detain; 1, lit., septimum jam diem 
Corcyrae teneri, Cic; 2, transf., non teneo te 
pjuribus, Cic. VI. With the notion of contain- 
ing, to contain, comprise; in pass., teneri aliqua 
re, to be contained in, to belong to; si Asia hue 
imperio non tcneretur, Cic. 

tener -Sra -cram, tender, delicate, soft. I. 
Lit., 1, gen., eaules, Hor. ; uva, Verg. ; 2, esp., 
tender, youthful, young ; saltator, Cic; a teneris, 
ut Graeci dicunt, unguieulis, from childhood, 
Cic ; subst., in teneris, in childhood, Verg. II. 
Transf., tender, soft, effeminate; tenerum quid- 
dam atque molle in animis, Cic; tenerior 
animus, Cic. 

tenerasco, 3. (tener), to grow tender, delicate, 
soft, Plin. 

* tenere, adv. with coinpar. and saperl. (tener), 
tenderly, delicately, softly, Plin. 

ten&ritas -atis, f. (tener), tenderness, soft- 
ness; in primo oitu inest teneritas et mollitics, 
Cic, 

teneritudo = teneritas (q.v.). 

tenesmos -i, in. (mvea-po^), a straining at 
stool, Nep. 

tenor -oris, m. (teneo), course, continwd 



course. I. Lit., hasta servat tenorem, Verg. 
II. Transf., uninterrupted course, duration, 
tenor, career ; tenorem pugnae servabant, Liv.; 
fati, Ov. ; vitae, Liv.; adv., uno tenore, In an 
uninterrupted course, uniformly, Cic. 

Tenus (-os) -i, f. (T^os), one_ of the Cyclades 
Islands, now Tino. Hence, Tenii -Drum, in. 
the inhabitants of Tenos. 

tensa -ae, f. a car on which the images of ths 
guds were carried at the Circcnsian games, Cic 

tonsio -onis, f. (tendo), a stretching, tension, 
Plin. 

tensus -a -um, partic. of tendo (q.v.). 

tentabundus (temptabundus) -a -um 

(tento), trying, attempting, Liv. 

tentamen (temptamen) -Inis, n. (tento), 
a trial, attempt, Ov. 

tentamentum (temptamentum) -i, n. 

(tento), a tried, attempt, test, essay, Verg., Ov. 

tentatio (temptatio) -5nis, f. (tento). I. 
an attack; novae tentationes, new attacks oj 
disease, Cic. II. a trial, test, Liv. 

tentator (temptator) -oris, m. (tento), a 
tempter, Hor. 

tentigo -inis, f. (tendo), lecherousness, Hor. 

tento (tempto), 1. (inlens. of tendo), to 
touch, feel, handle. I. Gen., 1, lit., pectora 
manibus, Ov. ; (lumen pede, Cie.; venas, to feel 
the pulse, Quint. ; 2, transf., a, to try, prove, 
test; alicuius patientiam, Cic; se, Cie.; b, (0 
try, attempt ; oppugnationem eins castelli, Liv. ; 
belli fortunani, Cic. ; Thetim ratibus, Verg.; with 
rcl. sent., tcntavi, quid in eo genere possem,Cic. ; 
with ut and tlie subj., quum ille ilomuli senatus 
tentaret, ut ipse gereret rempublicain, Cie. , 
with iulin., irasci, Verg. II. to attack, assail; 
1, lit., Achuiain, Caes.; castra, Liv.; of diseases, 
morbo tentari, Cic ; 2, transf., to work upon, 
tamper with a person, tempt, excite, disturb; 
animos spe et metu, Cic. ; judicium pecunia, to 
try to bribe, Cic 

tentdriolum -i, n. (dim. of tentorium), a 
little tent, A net. b. Afr. 

tentorium -ii, n. (tendo), a tent, Liv. 

tentus -a -um, partic. of tendo and teneo. 

Tentyra -orum, n. (TeVmpa), a town in 
Upp'r Egypt, now Denderah. 

tcniiiculus -a -um (dim. of tenuis), very 
poor, mean, miserable; apparatus, Cic. 

tenuis -e (root TEN). I. thin, fine, slight, 
slender. A. Lit., 1, gen., collum, Cic; acus, 
Ov. ; 2, esp., a, small, narrow; litus, Liv.; b, 
shallow; unda, Ov. ; sulcus, Verg.; c, bright, 
clear; aqua, Ov. B. Fig., a, thin, plain, 
simple; argumentandi peuus, Cic; b, fine, 
subtle; distinctio, Cic. II. Transf., weak, poor, 
miserable, unimportant, little, slight. A. Lit., 
oppidum, Cic; opes, Cie.; praeda, Ones.; transf., 
of persons, poor, needy, Cie. B. Fig., a, poor, 
weak, feeble; valetudo tenuissima, Caes.; causa 
tenuis et inops, Cic. ; spes, Cic; b, of birth or 
position, low, mean; qui tenuiorls ordinis essent, 
Cie. ; transf., of persons, tenues homines, Cic. 
Subst., 'teuuiores, persons of lower rank, Cic. 

tcnuitas -atis, f. (tenuis). I. thinness, fine- 
ness. A. Lit., 1, gen., animi, Cie. ; 2, esp., 
leanness; tenuitas ipsa delectat, Cic B. Fig., 
simplicity, plainwss; renun et verboruin, do- 
ll. Transf., miserable condition, poverty ; aerarii, 
Cic. ; hominis, Cic. 

teniilter, adv. (tenuis). I. thinly. A. Lit., 
alutue tenuiter confectne, Caes. B. Fig., plainly, 
simply; disserere, Cie. II. Transf., sparingly. 
A. Lit, Ter. B. Tig., lightly; teiiu.is.siin.fl, 
acstimare, Cic. 



ten 



571 



ter 



tcnuo, 1. (tenuis). I. to make thin, fine, 
slender, meagre, to attenuate; 1, lit., assiduo 
vomur tenuatur ab usu, Ov.; 2, esp., a, to make 
thin; anneuta inacie, Vers.: b ? to contract; 
vpcis via est tenuala, Ov. II. Fig., to iveaken, 
lessen, diminish, enfeeble; iram, Ov. ; vires, Ov. 

1. tonus -oris, n. (root TEN, whence tendo), 
a noose, gin, springe, Plaut. 

2. tonus, prep, with abl. and genit. (con- 
nected with teneo, tendo, reivut), up to, as far as. 
I. Of place, a, with genit., crurum temis, Verg.; 
Coreyrae tenus, Liv. ; b, with abl., Tamo tenus 
regnave, Cie. ; cadi faece tenus poti, Hor. II. 
Transf., est quadara prodire tenus, si non datur 
ultra, ii/) to a certain point, Hor. ; vulneribus 
tenus, Liv.; vorbo tenus, in name, nominally, Cic. 

Teds -i, f. (Te'ius), a town on the coast uf Ionia, 
birthplace of Anacreon: hence, TejuS -a -uni, 
and Teius -a -um, Teian, poet. = Anacreontic, 

tepefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., tepefio 
-faetus sum -fieri (tepeo and iacio), to malx 
warm, to warm, heat; sol tepefaciat solum, Cie. 

tepeo, 2. to be lukewarm, tepid. I. Lit., 
hieins tepet, Hor. ; par tic, tepens, warm; aurae, 
Verg. II. Fig. 1, to be warm with love ; aliquo, 
for some one, Hor. ; 2, to be only lukewann in 
love ; sou tepet, sive amat, Ov. 

tepesco, teniii, 3. (tepeo). A. to grow warm; 
niaria agitata ventis ita tepesouut, ut, etc., Cic. 
B. to lose warmth, grow cool, Mart. 

tephrias -ae, m. (recppius), a species of ash- 
coloured stone, Plin. 

tepide, adv. (tepidus), lukewarmly, Plin. 

tepido, 1. (tepidus), to make lukewarm, Plin. 

tepidus -a -um (tepeo). I. lukewarm, tepid; 
bruma, Hor. II. lukewarm, cooling ; 1, lit., focus, 
Ov. ; 2, fig., wanting in ardour ; ignes, mens, Ov. 

tepor -oris, m. (tepeo). I. lukewarmness, a 
moderate heat ; solis, Liv. ; maris, Cic. II. Fig., 
of discourse, want of fire, Tae. 

teporatus -a -urn (tepor), made lukewarm, 
Plin. 

Topula aqua, a stream of water which was 
brought to the Capitol at Rome, Plin. 

ter, adv. num. (tics), three times, thrice. I. 
Lit., ter in anno, Cic. II. Meton., a, often, 
repeatedly; Aencani magna ter voce vocavit, 
Verg. ; b, = very; ter felix, Ov. 

terdecies(terdeclens),adv. thivteemimes, 
Cic. 

terebinthinus -a -um (T E p<:0iV0ii<os), of tlie 
terebinth-tree, Plin. 

terebinthus -i, f. (Tepe^Oos), the terebinth- 
tree, Verg. 

tcrebra -ae, f. (tero), a gimlet, borer, Cato. 

terebro, 1. (terebra), to bore through, pierce, 
perforate ; latebras uttiri, Verg. 

teredo -inis, f. (repr/Suv), a worm that gnaws 
wood, Ov. 

Terentius -a-um, the name of a Roman gens, 
of which the most celebrated were : 1, C. Terentius 
Varro, consul 210 B.C., defeated by Hannibal at 
Cannae; 2, M. Terentius Varro, bom 11(3 B.C., 
o celebrated grammarian, contemporary of Cicero ; 
3, P. Terentius Afer, freedman of P. Terentius 
l.ucanus, the celebrated Roman comic dramaiist, 
contemporary of Laelius and ScipioAfricanus; 4, 
Terentia, tlie wife of Cicero. Ad.j., Terentius 
-a-um, Terentian; lex, law proposed by the con- 
suls Cassius and M. Terentius. Hence, Teren- 
tianus -a -um, Terentian ; exercitus, of C. 
TereiUius Varro, Liv. ; Chrenies, appearing in 
the comedies of Tzrencc, Cic. 



Terentum (Tarentum) -i, n., Terent- 

os (-us), and Tarentos (-us) -i, in. a place 

in tlie Campus Martins, where the ludi saeeulares 
were held. Hence, Terentinus -a -uni, Teren- 
tine. 

teres -rgtis, abl. -rCti (root TER, Gr. TEP, 
Tei'pcu), rounded, polished, well-turned. I. stipes, 
Caes. ; gemma, Verg.; hence, tig., sapiens iu 
so ipso totus teres atque rotundus, Hor. II. 
firmly-woven; plagae, Hor. III. Of the parts 
of the body, well-turned, slender, graceful; 1, 
lit., cervix, Lucr. ; sura, Hor. ; 2, fig., polished, 
refined elegant; aures, oratio, Cic. 

Tereus -6i and -60s, m. (Ttjpev?), king in 
Thrace, husband of Procne, sister of Philomela, 
father of Itys, who outraged Philomela, and for 
punishment was changed into a hoopoe. Hence, 
Tereides -ae, m. (Tijpeiorjs), the son of Tereus, 
i.e., Itys. 

tergeminus = trigeminus (q.v.). 

tergeo and tergo, tersi, tersuni -ere and 
-fere (root TER, whence tero), to wipe, wipe off, 
dry, clean, Cic. ; luiniua lacrimantia tersit, Ov.; 
specula, to polish, Verg.; arma, Liv. 

Tergeste -is, n. a town in Istria, now Trieste. 
Hence, Tergestlnus -a -um, Tergestine. 

terglnum -i, 11. (tergum), a whip of leatlier, 
thong fur scourging, Plaut. 
. tergiversatio -ouis, f. (tergiversor), back- 
wardness, reluctance, delay ; niura et tergiversatio, 
Cic. 

tergiversor, 1. dep. (tergum and verto), to 
turn the back, hence, to be reluctant, shuffle, find 
excuses, to delay; quid taces ? quid dissimulcs? 
quid tergiversaris? Cic. 

tergoro, 1. (tcrgus), to cover, Plin. 

tergo = tergeo (q.v.). 

tergum -i, n. the back. I. Lit., Cic. ; terga 
dare, Liv., vertere, Caes., to turn one's back, flee; 
a tergo, frombehind, Cic. ; praebere terga Phoebo, 
to sunoneself, Ov. ; pluv., terga, meton. =jl'ightr 
terga Parthornm dicaui, Ov. II. Transf., 1, the 
hindmost part of a thing ; eastris ab Utrgo vallum 
objectum, from behind, Liv. ; 2, the surface of 
anything ; e.g., of~a field, the earth ploughed up 
between the furrows, Verg. ; of a river, Ov. ; 3, 
a covering ; clipei, Verg. ; 4, a body ; centum 
terga suum, ahundred swine, Verg. ; 5, the hide, 
skin ; a, lit., taurinum, Verg. ; b, meton., things 
made out of hide ; Sulmonis, shield, Verg. ; duro 
intendere brachia tergo, the cestus, Verg. 

tergus -oris, n. the back. I. Lit., Prop. 
II. Tiansf., 1, the body of an animal, Ov. ; 2, 
skin, hide, leather, Verg. 

Terlna -ae, f. a town inBruttii, near modern 
Eufemia. Hence, Termaeus -a -um, of or be- 
longing to Terina. 

termes -itis, m. a branch cut off a tree; olivae, 
Hor. 

Termessus -i, f. (Tcp/it/a-^), a town in 
Pisidia. Hence, Termesseusea -lum, in. the 
inhabitants of Termessus. 

Terminalia -lum and -lorum (Terminus), 11. 
the Festival of Terminus, on tlie '2'Srd of February. 

terminatio -onis, f. (teraiino), a limiting, 
bounding. I. Lit., Liv. II. Transf., 1, aficing, 
ordaining, determining; versus inventus, est 
terminatione aurium, Cic. ; 2, rhet. t.t., the ewl, 
termination of a period ; ordo verborum alias 
alia terminatione eoncluditur, Cic. • 

termino, 1. (terminus), to bound, limit, set 
bounds to. I. Lit, llnem loci quern oleae ter- 
minabant, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to limit ; a, to 
restrain, restrict; sonos vocis paucis litterarum 
notis, Cic; b, to define, determine; bona volup. 



ter 



672 



ter 



tate, inula dolorc, Cic. ; 2, to close, end, terminate ; 
orationem, Cic. 

terminus -i, m. (root TER, whence termen, 
tcrmo, Or. TEP, whence Wpfio), a boundary- 
mark, limit, boundary. I. Lit., a, nulli pos- 
sessionuirf termini, Cic; b, personif., Ter- 
minus, the god of boundaries, Ov. II. Transf., 
1," limit, bound, object. ; certns milii lines termin- 
onque constituam, extra quosegredi non posshn, 
Cic; 2, end, conclusion ; contentionum, Cic. 

temi -ae -a (tor). I. three each, Cic; sing., 
teruo online, Verg. II. three together, Verg. 

tore, trivi, trltum, 3. (root TEIt, whence 
Teipw), to rub. I. Gen., A. Lit., 1, dentes in 
stipito, Ov. ; calcein = to overtake in running, 
Verg. ; calamo lahellum = to play the flute, Verg. ; 
2, esp., a, 'o rub for the sakeof cleaning or orna- 
menting, to smoothe, adorn; crura pumice, Ov.; 
b, to turn (at a lathe) ; radios rot.is, Verg.; c, to 
thresh out com ; milia frumenti,Hor.: d, of places, 
to visit, frequent; iter, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to 
read often, haw often in the hands, use often; 
quod legeret tereretqne viritim publieus usus, 
Hor. ; 2, lig., to use often in discourse ; verbuin, 
Cic. II. A. to rub, bruise, grind; bacain, 
Verg. B. to rub off, wear away ; 1, lit., silices, 
Ov. ; 2, fig., a, to tire oneself; se in opere 
longinquo, Liv. ; b, to pctss away time; interea 
teiupus,Cic (syncop. perf., tristi, Cat.). 

TerpslchSre -es, f. (Tepi^X"*";), the muse 
of dancing ; hence = muse, poetry, Juv. 

terra -ae, f. (root TER, whence torreo), 
lit., that which is dry ; hence, the earth (as 
opp. to heavens, sea, air), land, ground, soil. 
I. a, the earth; terrae motus, earthquake, Cic; 
terra, by land, Cic ; terra mariquc, by land 
and sen, Cic ; in tenia, on the earth, Hor. ; sub 
terras ire, to visit the lower world, Verg. ; b, the 
earth = the ground, tlie soil; gleba terrae, Liv. ; 
mini terrain injice, Verg. ; terrae Alias, a son of 
the earth, an unknown person, Cic; ea quae 
gignuntur c terra, Cic. ; c, the earth = the surface 
of the earth, grouml ; do terra saxa tollere, Cic; 
d, a particular country, land, region; a hire in 
alius terms, Cic; plur., terrae, the world; ha3 
terras incolentes, Cic.; orbis terrarum, the world, 
Cic. ; genit. plur. often partitive, with adv. of 
place, ubi terrarum sum us? where in the world 
are wet Cic. II, Persciif., Terra, the earth as a 
goddess; gen., Tellus, Cic 

Terracina, Terraeinenais = Tarracina, Tar- 
raciuensis(q.v.). 

terrenus -a -ran (terra). I. earthy, earthen; 
tumulus, Cues. ; genus, Cic. Subst, terren- 
um -i, n. land, ground; herbidnm, Liv. II. 
1, belonging to the earth , terrene, terrestrial ; besti- 
ae, land-animals, Cic; humor, moisture of the 
oath, Cic; poet., numina, of the lower world, 
Or. J 2, earthy (opp. caelestis); cques, mortal, 
Hor. 

terreo. terriii, terrltum, 2. to frighten, terrify. 
I. Gen., aliqnem, Cic. ; with ne and the subj., 
Liv. II. 1, to frighten- away, scare away; pro- 
fugain per tutum orbem, Ov. ; 2, to frighten, df- 
ter; R repetunda libertatc, Sail.; with ne and the 
subj., Liv. ; with quomlnus and the subj., Caes. 

terr ester -tria -tre, gen., terrestris -e 
(terra), 1, terrestrial (opp. marinus), animantium 
genus terrestre, Cic; terr«strcs navalesque pug- 
nue, Cic ; 2, found on the earth, earthly (opp. 
caelestis), res caelestea atque terrestres, Cic. ; 
Capitoliuin terrestre domicilium Jovis, Cic. 

terreus -a -um (terra), made of earth, earthly ; 
progenies, Verg. 

terribills -e (terreo), terrible, frightful, fear- 
ful, dreadful ; a, of things, Sonus, Liv.; mors 
63t terribiljs jjs, etc, Cic; with ?■ supine, ter> 



ribilea visu formae, Verg. ; neut. plur. subst.., 
majoraae terribiliorn aflerre, Liv.; b, of persons, 
jam ipsi urbi terribilis erat, Liv.; with '2. supine, 
qu.'im terribilis aspectu, Cic 

terrlcula -ae, f. and terrlciilum -i, n. 
(terreo), something thai causes fright; abl. plur., 
tcrriculis, Liv. 

terrlflCO, 1. (terriflcus), to frighten, terrify, 
Verg. 

terriflcus -a -tun (terreo and facio), causing 
terror, frightful, terrible, Verg. 

torrigona -ae, c (terra and gigno), earth* 
born, sprung from the earth, Lucr., Ov. 

terripavium, terripudium = tripudium 

(q.V.). 

territo, 1. (intens. of terreo), to frighten, 
scare, terrify; a, of persons, nliquem nietu, 
Caes.; b, of things, tribunicium domi bellum 
patrea territat, Liv. 

terrltorlum -li, n. (terra), the land belong- 
ing to a town, district, territory ; coloniae, Cic 

terror -oris, m. (terreo), fright, fear, /error, 
dread, panic. I. Lit., with subject, genit., exer- 
citus, Caes. ; with object, genit. (on account of), 
belli, Cic. ; minis et terrore conuuoveri, Cic ; at* 
tulitterrorem hoatibus, Caes.: alicui teiTori esse, 
Caes.; facerc terrorem et militibus et ipsi Appio, 
Liv. ; incutere alicui terrorem, Liv. ; inferre. 
terrorem alicui, Cic ; injicere alicui terrorem, 
Caes. II, Melon., a, the object which causes 
terror ; terra repleta est trepido terrore, Lucr. ; 
plur., huius urtiia terroies (Carthage and Nu- 
mantia), Cic. ; b, news causing terror ; Roniam 
tanti teiTores crant allati, Liv. ; also threatening 
or frightening expressions; non mediocres ter- 
roies jaceie atque denuntiare, Cic. ; or, events 
causing terror; caeicstes maritiuiique terrorcs, 
Liv. III. Personif., Terror, Ov. 

tersus -a -um, p. adj. (from tergeo), wiped. 
I. Lit., clean, neat ; mulier, Plaut. ; plantae, 
Ov. II, Fig., free from mistakes, neat ; judicium, 
Quint. 

tertiadecumani -5rum, m. (tertius dec- 
imns), soldiers of the thirteenth legion, Tac. 

tertianus -a -um (tertius), belonging to the 
third. I. to the third day ; febris, tertian fever, 
i.e., recurring every third day, Cic. ; subst., ter- 
r.iana -ae, f. a tertian fever, Plin. II. belonging 
to the third legion ; subst, tertian! -Crum, in. 
soldiers of the third legion, Tac. 

tertlarlus -a -um (tertius), containing one- 
third; stannum, containing one-third tin with 
two-thirds lead, Plin. 

tertio, adv. (tertius). I. for the third time ; 
tertio pecuniam dedit, Cic. II. thirdly, Caes. 

tertium, adv. (tertius), for the third time, 
Cic 

, tertius -a -um (ter), the third. I. Adj., liars, 
Caes. ; tertio quoque verbo, always at the third- 
word, Cic. ; tertius e nobis, one of us three, Ov. ; 
tertia regna, the lower world, Ov. ; tertia Saturn. 
alia, the third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. ; ah 
Jove tertius Ajax, of the third generation, great- 
grandson, Ov. II. Subst, tertiae -arum, f. 
a, one-third, Plin.; b, the third ov inferior part 
in a play, Plin. 

tertlusdficimus -a -um, the thirteenth, Cic 

teruncius -li, m. (ter or trea and uncia), 
three twelfth parts. I. the fourth part of an as, 
Cic; pro v., ne teruncius quidem, not a farthing, 
Cic. II. the fourth part of an inheritance ; liprea 
ex teruncio, heir to one-fourth of the property, 
Cic 

terveneficus -i, m. an arch-poisoner, a, 
Rouble-dyed roque ) Plauti 



tes 



573 



tet 



tesca (tesQUa) -drum, n. (with or without 
loca), wastes, deserts, Hor. 

tessella -ae, f. (dim. of tessera), a small cube 
of marble or other substance -used for pavements, or 
for playing dice, Juv. 

tessellatus -a -urn (tessella), set with small 
cubes; pavimentum, mosaic, Suet. 

tessera -ae, f. (rdo-a-apa), a cube of wood, 
stone, or other substance used for various purposes. 
I, a piece of mosaic for paving, Plin. II. a die 
for playing ; tesseras jaogre, Cic. III. a token ; 
1, a square tablet on which the military viatch- 
word was written ; hence, nieton. = the watch- 
word; omnibus tesserain dare, Liv. ; 2, a tablet 
or token which entitled the holder to receive money 
or provisions, Juv.; 3, hospitalis, a token of hos- 
pitaltty (a small die, which friends broke into 
two pails), Plaut. 

tesserarius -li, ra. (tessera), the officer who 
received from the general the ticket (tessera) on 
which the watchword loas written, and communi- 
cated it to the army, Tac. 

tesserula -ae, f. (dim. of tessera), 1, a little 
cube of stone for paving, ap. Cic. ; 2, a little 
voting-ticket, Varr. ; 3, a ticket for the distribu- 
tion of food, Pers. 

testa -ae, f. (perhaps = tosta), burnt clay. 
I. Lit., 1, an earthen vessel, pot, pitclier, jug, urn; 
vinum Graeca testa conditum, Hor. ; 2, a brick, 
a tile, Cic. ; 3, a potsherd, Ov.; esp., the potsherd 
used in voting by the Greeks; testarum suffragia, 
ostracism, Nep. II. Transf., 1, the shell of 
shell-fish, Cic. ; 2. meton., a shell-fish, Hor. ; 3, 
poet., transf., shell, covering — ice; lubrica testa, 

• testaoou3 -a -urn (testa). I. 1, made of 
bricks or tiles, Plin. ; subst., testaceum -i, n. 
brick-work, Plin. ; 2, brick-coloured, Plin. II. Of 
animals, covered with a shell, testaceous, Plin. 

testamentarius -a -um (testamentum), of 
or relating to a will, testamentary; subst., testa- 
mentarius -li, m. a forger of wills, Cic. 

testamentum -i,- n. (testor), a last will, 
testament ; id testamento cavere, to provide, Cic; 
conscribere testamentum, Cic. ; testamentum 
facere, Cic. ; irritum facere testamentum, to 
annul, Cic. ; obsignare testamentum, Caes. ; re- 
llnquere alicui testamento sestertium milies, 
Cic. 

testatio -Onis, f. (testor). I. a calling to 
witness ; ruptornm foederuin, Liv. II. a bearing 
witness, Quint. 

testator -Oris, m. (testor), one that makes a 
will, a testator, Suet. 

testa tus -a -um, p. adj. (from testor), at- 
tested, proved, clear ; res, Cic. ; quo notior testa- 
tiorque virtus eius esset, Caes. 

tosticulus -i, m. (dim. of 2. testis), atesticle, 
Pers. 

testlf ioatio -Snis, f. (testificor). I. a bear- 
ing witness, testifying ; hie testiflcatione uti, 
Cic. II. Transf., attestation, evidence, proof; 
oftlcioriim, Cic 

testificor, 1. dep.. (testis and faclo). I. to 
call to witness; deos hominesque, ap. Cic. II. 
to bear witness, testify ; 1, lit., testificor me esse 
rogatum, Cic. ; 2, transf., to show, publish, bring 
to light; partic. pass.,abs te testittcata voluntas, 
Cic 

testimonium -ii, n. (1. testis), witness, evi- 
dence, testimony. L Lit., testimonium in alt- 
quem dicere, Cic ; of a written attestation, 
testimonium componere, obsignare, Cic. II, 
Transf., in general, a proof, evidence, indication ; 
dedisti judicii tni testimonium, Cic 



1. testis -is, c one who gives evidence,' a 
witness. I. Lit., testis falsus, Cic. ; testes dare 
in singulas res, Cic. ; testes adhibere, Cic. II. 
Transf. = arbiter, an eye-witness, spectator, Ov. 

2. testis -is, in. a testicle, Hor. 

testor, 1. dep. (1. testis). I. to bear witness, 
to give evidence of, to make known, publish, de- 
clare, assert, testify; utraeque vim testantur.Cic; 
pass., to be attested, declared; testata est voce 
pracconis libertaa Argivorum, Liv. II. to call 
to witness; 1, gen., oinnes deos, Cic. ; 2, esp., 
to make a wih; de fllii pupilli re, Cic. 

testu, indecl. and testum -i, n. (perhaps= 

tostu, tostum, as testa = tosta), an earthen pot, 
a pot, Ov. 

testuatium -li, n. (testu), a cake baked in 
an earthen pan, Varr. 

testu dine us -a -um (testudo). I. like a 
tortoise ; gradns, Plaut. II. adorned with or 
made of tortoise-shell ; lyra, Prop. 

testudo -Inis, f. (testa), o tortoise. I. Lit., 
Liv. II. Meton., A. the shell of the tortoise, used 
for ornamenting furniture ; varii testudine 
postes, Verg. B. 1, a curved string-instrumertt, 
the lyre, cithara, etc., Hor. ; transf., a way of 
dressing the hair of similar form, Ov. ; 2, a room 
with a vaulted roof, Cic; 3, milit. t.t., a, a shed 
to protect soldiers while attacking fortifications, 
Caes. ; b. a formation in which soldiers charged, 
holding tneir shields over their heads, Caes. 

testiila -ae, f. (dim. of testa), a potslieid, an 
Athenian voting-ticket; meton., ostracism; a 
Thomistocle collabefactus testulit ilia, Nep. 

totanlcus -a -um (reravacos), suffering from 
lockjaw, Plin. 

tetanus -i, m. (re'ra^os), lockjaw, Plin. 

tctartemorion -li,' n. (rtraprniJ.6pi.ov), the 
fourth part of the zodiac, Plin. 

teter (taeter) -tra -trum, foul, noisome, 
hideous, offensive. I. Lit, to the senses, odor, 
Cic. ; tenebrae, Cic. ; with 2. supine, illud teter- 
rimum non modo aspectu, sea etiam anditu, 
Cic II. Transf., hateful, hideous, disgraceful, 
shameful, abominable; homo, Cic; quistetrior 
hostis huic civitati? Cic; sententia teterrima, 
Cic, 

tethalassomenos -i, m. (reOaXao'crunivo} 
olcot), wine mixed with sea-water, Plin. 

Tethys -thyos, ace. -thyn, f. (TtjWO- I. « 
marine goddess, wife of Oceanus, mother of the 
river-gods and sea-nymphs. II. Poet., appel). 
= the sea. Cat. 

tetrachmum-i, genit. plur. -Orum and-nni, 
n. (rerpax^ov), a Greek coin of four drachmae, 
Liv. 

tetrachordos -on (TeTpax°P$°*)> having four 
notes; subst., tltraohordon -i, n. harmony 
of four notes, a tetrachord, Varr. 

tetracdlon -i, n. (TerpaKwW), a period 
having four clauses, Sen. 

tetradrachmum = tetrachmum (q.v.). 

tetragnathius -Ii, m. (rtTpdyvaBos), a 
poisonous spider, Plin. 

tetralix -Icis, f. (i-tTpoAtf), the plant heath, 
Plin. 

tetrao -5nis, m. (TrrpawiO, a heathcock, Plin. 

tetrarches and tetraroha -ae, m. (reTpap- 
xrfi), the ruler over one-fourth of a country, a 
tetrarch, Cic. 

tltrarohia -ae, f. (rtrpapxia), the country 
governed by a tetrarch, tetrarchy, Cic. 

tetrastlcha -on, n. plur. (Ttrpa.tm.xa), "■ 
•poem consisting of four lines, Quint. ■ • 



tet 



57* 



The 



tetre (taetrl), adv. (teter), foully, hide- 
ously, noisomely, offensively ; multa faccre im- 
pure atque tetre, Cic. ; religioneiu impurissiine 
teterrimcque violasse, Cic 

1. tetricus -a -urn, harsh, gloomy, severe, 
forbidding; paella, Ov.; deae, the Parcae, Mart. 

2. TetriCUS mons, a mountain in the Sabine 
country, now Monte S. Giovanni ; poet, subst., 

Tetrica -ae, f. (se. rupes), Verg. 

tfittigometra -ae, f. (TeTTiyoft7JTpa), Hie 
larva of the cicada, Pliu. 

tettigonia -ae, f. (rfmyovia), a species of 
small cicada, Plin. 

tetull = tuli, v. tulo. 

Teucer -cri, m. and Teucrus -i, m. 

(Tevicpo?). I. (Teucer and Teucrus) son of Tela- 
man, king of Salamis, brother of Ajax, who, after 
his return from Troy, sailed away to Cyprus. II. 
(Teucrus), son of Scamander, first king of Troy; 
hence, . a, Teucrus -a -um, Teucrian, poet. = 
Trojan; b, Teucrius -a -um, Teucrian, poet. 
=Trojan. Subst., Teucri -5mm, m. the Trojans. 

teuchltis -Idis, f. (Teu^iTti), a species of aro- 
matic rush, Plin. 

tcucrlon -li, n. (revKpiov), the plant called 
germander, Plin. 

Teucrius, Teucrus, v. Teucer. 

Teuthras -thrantis, m. (Tev'flpa?). I. a 
river in Campania. IJ, a king in Mysia, father 
of The spins. Hence, A. Teuthrania -ao, f. a 
district in Mysia. B. Teuthranteus -a -um, 
Mysiun. C. Teuthrantms -a -um, of or be- 
longing to Teuthras; turba, the fifty sisters and 
daughters of Thespius, Ov. Ill, a soldier of 
Turn us. 

Teuton! -orum, m. and Tentonos -um, in. 
a collective name of the German peoples, a branch of 
which invaded the Roman Empire with the Cimbri, 
and were defeated by C. Matins. Hence, Teu- 
tonicus -a -um, Teuton, and poet.= German. 

texo, texui.textuin, 3. to weave. I, tegu- 
ments corporum vel texta vel suta, Cic. II. to 
weave, twine together, intertwine, plait, construct, 
build; casas ex arundine, Liv. ; basilicam in 
medio foro, Cic. ; fig., epistolas quotidianis 
verbis,- to compose, Cic. 

textUis -e (texo). I. woven, textile ; strag- 
tilum, Cic. Subst., textile -is, n. (so. opus), 
a woven fabric, a piece of cloth. II. plaited, 
braided. Mart. 

textor -oris, m. (texo), a weaver, Hor. 
textorius -a -um (textor), of or relating to 
weaving, Sen. 

toxtrinus -a -um (for textorinus, from 
textor), relating to weaving. Subst., textrin- 
nm -i, n. weaving, Cic. 

textrix -tricis, f. (f. of textor), a female 
weaver, Mart. 

textum -i, n. (texo). I. that which is woven, 

a web; a, lit., Ov. ; b, that which is plaited, 
woven, fitted, put together in any way, a fabric ; 
pinea (navis), Ov. ; clipei, Verg. II. Fig., of 
written composition, texture, style, Quint. 

textura -ae, f. (texo). I. a weh, texture, 
Plant. II. Transf., a putting together, con- 
nexion, Lucr. 

textus -us, m. (texo). I. a web, and transf., 
texture, structure, Lucr. II. Fig., of discourse, 
mode of putting together, connexion, Quint. 

Thais -tdos, f. (©cut), a celebrated hetaira of 
Athens, afterwards wife of I'tolemaeus I. of Egypt. 

Thala -ae, f. a town in Numidia, now Per- 
Ttanah. 



thalamegus -i, f. (8aXaHr)y6i), a barge pi 
gondola provided, with cabins, Suet. 

thalamus -i, in. (SaAa/io?), a room in the 
interior of a house. I. a living-room, Ov.; heiice r 
a place of abode, dwelling; Etimenidum, Verg. ; 
of the cells of bees, Verg. II. a bed-room ; a, 
lit., Ov. ; b, a marriage-bed, Verg. ; hence, 
meton., marriage; vita expers tlialaini, un- 
married, Verg. ; thalamos ne desere pactos, the 
2rromised bride, Verg. 

thalassicus -a -Um (0aAa<xeriK«), sea-green. 
Plant. 

thalasslnus -a -um (flaAao-au'o?), sea-green, 
Lucr. 

Thalassio, Thalassiu?, etc., v. Talassio. 

thalassltes -ae, m. (SaAao-o-iTrjs), wine which 
has been sunk in the sea to be ripened, Plin. 

thalassomeli, n.(0ciAa<r(ron^O> honey mixed 
with sea-water, Plin. 

Thalia = Thalia (q.v.). 

Thales -lis and -letis; in. (@a\rjs), a philo- 
sopher of Miletus, one of the Seven Wise Men of 
Greec. 

Thalia -ae, f. (©aAeia). I. the Muse of comic 
poetry. II. one of the sea-nymphs. 

thallus -i, m, (tfaAAos), a green branch, Verg. 

Thamyras -ae, m, and Thamyris -Idis, 
m. (©a^upis), a Thracian poet, who entered into a 
contest with the Muses, and being conquered was 
deprived of his lyre and eyes. 

Thapsus (-OS) -i, f. (©i^us). I. a penin- 
sula and town in Sicily. II. « town in Africa 
Propria, where Caesar conquered the Pomjieiaus. 

Thasus (-os) -i, f. (©ao-o?), an island in the 
Aegean Sea. Adj., ThasiUS -a -um, Thasian. . 

Thaumas -antis, m. (Qa.'/nn?), father oj 
Iris. Hence, A. Thaumanteus -a -um, 
of Thaumas; virgo, Iris, Ov. B. Thauman- 
tias -Sdis, f. daughter of Thaumas, i.e., Iris. 
C. Thauniantis -Idos, f.= Tliaumantias. 

theamedes, ace. -en, in. an Ethiopian stone, 
perhaps tourmaline, Plin. 

theatralis -e (theatrum), of or relating to a 
theatre, theatrical; consessus, Cic. 

theatrum -i, n. (eearpov). I. a theatre; 1, 
lit., a, gen., for dramatic performances, Cic. ; b, 
an open place for the exhibition of games, Verg.; 
2, meton., a, the people assembled in. the theatre, 
the audience ; theatra tota reclainant, Cic. ; b, 
transf., spectators, assemblage ; senatus consult- 
um frequentissimo theatre (populi) comprob- 
atum, Cic. II. Fig., the sphere, theatre for any 
action; forum populi Romani quasi theatrum 
illius inge'nii, Cic. 

Thebae -arnin, f. (®;j/3ai). I. a city of Upper 
Egypt. II. a city of Boeotia, founded by Cadmus, 
the birthplace of Pindar. III. '1 hebae Phthi- 
oticae or Phthiae, a town in Thessalia Phthiotis, 
now Armiro. IV. a town in Mysia, residenre 
of Action, father-in-law of Hector, destroyed by 
Achilles. Henee, A. Thebais -Idis and 
-Idos, f. 1, belonging to Thebes in Egypt ; 2, 
belonging to Thebes in Boeotia; Thcbaides, Th'eban 
women, Ov. ; 3, belonging to Thebes in Mysia. 
B. Thebanus -a -um, 1, belonging to Thebes in 
Boeotia ; modi, Pindaric, Ov. ; ilea, Jno (Leuko- 
thea, Matuta), Ov. ; mater, Agave, Ov. ; soror, 
Antigone, Ov. ; seinina, the dragon's teeth sown 
by Cadmus, Ov. ; duces, Eteocles and Polynices, 
Prop.; dens, Hercules, Prop. ; subst., Thebanus 
-i, m. a Theban ; 2, belonging to Thebes in Mysia-; 
subst., Thebana, Andromache, Ov. 

Thobe -es, f. (0>j/3r))- L= Thebae. II. a 
nymph, beloved by the river-god Aso2»ts. III. 
wife of the tyrant Alexander of Pherue. 



the 



575 



ThG 



ih'r ' -ac, f. (drjiai), a case, slieath, envelope, 
bovermg ; vasa sine theca, Cic. 
Thelxinoe -Os, f. one of the first four Muses. 
tlielyphonon =* acouitum (q.v.). 

thelypteris -idis, f. (0ijA.u;rrepis), the female 
fern plant, Plin. 

thema -litis, n. (0eV a )- I. the theme, topic, 
subject of discourse, Sen. II. the position of tlie 
heavenly bodies at the moment of a birth, Suet. 

Themis -Wis, f. (©4"s), the goddess of jus- 
tice, also regarded as the goddess of prophecy. 

Thcmista -ae, f. and Themiste -es, f. an 

Epicurean philosoplier of Lampsacus. 

Tiiemistocles -is and -i, m. (0<rpu<rroicA.TJ;), 
the celebrated general of the Athenians in the Per- 
sian War. Hence, Theinistocleus -a -urn, 
Themistoclean. 

Theocritus -i, in. (©eoKpiros), the famous 
Greek bucolic poet, born at Syracuse, flourished 
2S1-250 B.C. 

Theodectes -is and -i, m. (©eofieVnjs), Greek 
orator ofCilicia, teacher of Isocrates and Aristotle. 

Theodorus -i, rii. (eedSwpos). I. Of By- 
zantium, a Greek sojihist. II. Of Cyrene, a Greek 
sophist. III. a famous rhetorician of Gadara, 
teacher of Tiberius. 

Thedgoma -ae, f. (Qeoyovia), the Theogony, or 
Generation of the Gods, a poem by Hesind, Cic. 

theologUS -i, m. (eeoAi'i-yos), a theologian, one 
who treats of the descent and existence of the gods, 
Cic. 

Theophano -es, f. (Oeo^onj), daitghter of 
Bisaltes, mother by Poseidon of the ram which bore 
Phrixus to Colchis. 

Theophanes -is and -i, m. (©eo^ovijs), a 

historian, friend of Pompeius. 

Theophrastus -i, m. (©ed^paoros), a cele- 
brated Greek philosopher of the town of Cresos in 
Lesbos, pupil of Plato and Aristotle. 

Theopompus -i, in. (©edn-o/xn-os). I. a cele- 
brated Greek historian of Chios, pupil of Isocrates. 
II. a dependent of Caesar's. Ill, a dependent of 

Cicero's in Asia. 

Thera -ae, f. (@ijpa), an island in the Cretan 
Sea, now Santorin. Hence, Theraeus -a -urn, 
Theraean. 

Theramenes -ae, m. (0ijpap.eV>)s), of Chios 
or Ceos, adopted son of the Athenian Hagnon, one 
of the thirty tyrants at Athens, but put to death 
for opposing the opjrressions of his colleagues 
Critias and Charicles. 

Therapne (Theramne) -5s, f. and Ther- 
apnae -arum, f. (©epan-ycu), a town of Laconia, 
the birthplace of Helen; hence, adj., Ther- 
apnaeus -a -urn, Therapnean ; poet., Spartan; 
warita, or nata rure Tlierapnaeo, Helen, Ov. ; 
sanguis Therapuaeus (of the boy Hyacinthus of 
Amyclae), Ov. 

theriacus -a -urn (0jjpta«d?), serviceable 
against animal poison, esp., the bite of serpents, 
Plin. Subst., therlaca -ae, f. and thcriaoo 
-is, f. an antidote against the bite of poisonous 
serpents, Plin. 

Thericles -is, m, (©^pticXijs), a celebrated 
artist, maker of pottery and wooden vessels at 
Corinth. Hence, Thericlius -a -urn (©ijpi- 
(cAetioj), Thericlean; pocula, drinking-cups of clay 
or wood, Cic. 

thermae -firuin, f. (0epp.<fc, warm). I. warm 
laths. Plin. II. Proper name, Thermae 
•arum, f. a town with warm springs on the north 
cpast of Sicily, now Sciacea. Hence, Thermit- 
anus -a -urn, of or belonging to Thermae. 



Thermo -cs, f. (0e'pn>?), a town hi Macedoniit,- 
afterwards called 1'hessalonica. Hence, Ther- 
maeus -a -um, Thermaean ; sinus, now il Golfo 
di Saloniclii. 

therminus -a -um (Sepnivot), made of lupines, ' 
Plin. 

Thermodon -ontis, m. (Qepiiu&wv), a river 
in Pontus, on which theAinazons lived, now Tcrma. 
Hence, Thermodonteus (tiacus) -a -um, 

poet. = A mazonian. 

thermopolium -li, n. (0epnonu\iov), a place 
where warm drinks are sold, Plant, 

thermopoto, 1. to refresh with warm drinks, 
Plaut. 

Thermopylae -arum, f. (©<pp.07ruAai), a 
pass in Locris, on the borders of Thessaly, wliere 
Leonidas and. a small body of Spartans fell fight- 
ing against the whole Persian army. 

thermulae -arum, f. (dim. of thermae), 
warm baths, Mart. 

Therodamas -antis, m. and Thero- 

medon -ontis, m. (QripoixiSiov), a Scythian 
king, who fed lions with human flesh. Adj., 
Therodamanteus -a -um, of Therodamas. 

Thersites -ae, in. (©ripo-t'-n)?), son of Agrius, 
one of the Greeks before Troy, notorious for his 
ugliness and scurrilous tongue. 

thesaurarius -a -um (thesaurus), of or re- 
lating to the treasury, Plaut. 

thesaurus -i, in. (Srjo-aupds). I. a treasury, 
store, hoard; 1, lit., thesaurum obruere, Cic; 
defodere, Cic. ; 2, fig., a treasure (of persons, 
etc.), Plant. II. the place where a treasure is 
kept; 1, lit., a, servata mella thesauris, Yerg. ; 
b, esp., the treasury of a temple or state; thes- 
auros Proserpinae spoliare, Liv. ; 2, fig., a store- 
house, magazine, repertory; thesaurus rerum 
omnium memoria, Cic. 

Theseus -Si and -gos, m. (©ijtrevs), a Inng 
of Athens, son of Aegeus, husband of Ariadne and 
Phaedra, conqueror of the Minotaur. Hence, A. 
adj., Theseus -a -um, of or belonging to Theseus; 
crimen, tlie desertion of Ariadne, Ov. ; poet., 
Athenian, Prop. B. Theseius -a -nm, o/or 
belonging to Theseus; heros, Hippolytus, Ov. 
C. Subst., Thesides -ae, m. a son of Theseus, 
Hippolytus, Ov. D. Theseis -Idis, f. a poem 
on Theseus, Juv. 

thesion (-um) -ii, n. (Syo-eiov), a species o) 
flax (Thesiuin linophyllum, Linn.), Plin. 

thesis -is, f. (fleVc?), a proposition, thesis, 
Quint. 

thcsmophSria -orum, n. (9ea-fj.o4.6pia.), the 
great Greek festival in honour of Demeter, Plin. 

Thespiae -arum, f. (©ecnnaQ, a town in 
Poeotia, at the foot oj Mount Helicon. Hence, A. 
Thespias -adis, f. (©can-iot), Thespian; deae 
Thespiades, Ov., and simply, Thespiades, Cic, 
the Muses. B. Thespxenses -lum, m. tlie in- 
habitants of Thespiae. 

Thespis -Idis, m. (©cWt), the founder oj 
the Greek drama, contemporary of Solon and 
Pisistratus. 

Thespius -Ii, n. (©eVirujt), son of Erechtheus, 
founder of Thespiae, father of fifty daughters. 

Thesprotia -ae, f. (0e<r7rpoiTia), a district in 
Epirus. Hence, Thesprotlus -a -um, Thes- 
protian. 

Thessalia -ae, f. (©«<r<raAt'a), Thessaly, a 
country of northern Greece. Hsncc, adj., A. 
Thessalieus -a -um, Thessalian; juga (of 
Mount Pelion), Ov. B. Thessalus -a -um, 
Thessalian; tela (of Achilles), Hor. ; ig^nes, ire 
the camp of Achilles, Hor.; pinns, the ship Argo, 



Thd 



m 



Thy 



Ov. C. Thessalius -a -urn, Thesialian. D. 

Thessalis -Mis, f. adj., Thessalian; umbra, of 
Protesilaus, Prop. ; ara, of Ixiodamia, husband of 
Protesilaus, Ov. ; subst, a Thessalian woman. 

Thessalonlca -ae, f. and Thessalonice 
-6s, f. (Qecro-aXovUn), Thessaloniea, a town' in 
Macedonia, now Salonichl. Hence, Thessal- 
6niccnsOi -Turn, m. the inhabitants of 1'hes- 
salonica. 

Thessalus, v. Thessalia. 

Thestius -li, m. (©tVi-io?). L a king in 
Aetolia, father of Leda and Althaea, of Plexippus 
and Toxeus. Hence, A. Thestlades -ae, m. 
(9c<rTid$T);), a descendant of Thestius ; Thestiadae 
duo, Plexippus ami Toxeus; respice Tliestiaden, 
Meleager, son of Althaea, Ov. B. Thestias 
-&dis, f. a daughter of Thestius, i.e., Althaea. 
II.= Thespius. 

Thestor -6ris, m. (©e'crTwp), father of the sooth- 
sayer Catenas. Hence, Thestorldes -ae, it.. 
(©eo-Topi'^Tjs), the son of Tlustor, i.e., Calchas. 

theta, n. Wra), the Greek letter theta (0, 0), 
used by the Greeks in voting tickets us a symbol 
Of condemnation, because beginning Vie word 
OivaxK ; nigrum, Pers. 

ThStls -Mis, f. (0eVis), a sea-nymph, wife of 
Peleus, mother of Achilles ; hence, poet., the sea, 
Yerg. 

TheudSria -ae, f. a tovm in Athamania, 
now Todoriana. 

Theuma -matis, n. a place in Macedonia. 

frhi&jma -i, in. (*9i'aoros), a dance in honour of 
Bacchus, Verg. 

tbleldones -urn, m. a kindof Spanish horses, 
Plin. 

TMrmlda -ae, f. a town in Numidia. 

Thisbe -6s, f. (0i'<t0j)). I. « beautiful Baby- 
lonian maiden, beloved by Pyramus. II. a town 
In Boeotia. Hence, Thlsbcus -a -urn, Thisbean 
= Babylonian. 

thlaspi, n. (9\atrm), a kind of cress, Plin. 

Thoas -antis, m. (&6a<;). I. o king of 
Ismnos, father of Hypsipyle ; whence, Tho- 
antlas adis, f. o daughter fj Thoas, i.e., Hyp- 
sipyle. II. a king of the Tauric Chersonese, slain 
by Orestes. Hence, Th6ant6us -a -urn, poet. = 
Tauric. 

th6lus -i, m. (0<5Aos), a cupola, dome, Verg. 

thoracatus -a -urn (thorax), armed with a 
breastplate, Plin. 

thorax -acis, m. (fliipaf), 1, the breast, chest, 
Plin. ; 2, tneton., a breastplate, cuirass, Liv. 

thos, th5is, m. (9u>i), a kind of wolf, Plin. 

That, the Egyptian name of Mercury. 

Thraces -um, ace. -es and -as, m. (©paVe?), 
tlu Thracians, the inhabitants of Thrace in south- 
east Europe ; sing., Thrax -acis, n. (0po£), a, a 
Thracian ; poet. adj. = Thracian ; b, esp. Thrax, 
or Thraex, a glarliator with Thracian armour. 
Hence, A. Thracla -ae, f. the cou nlry of Thrace ; 
Greek form, Thrace -es, f., or latinised 
Thraca -ae, f. B. Thraclus (Threolus) 
-a um, Thracian. C. (Poet.), Threlclus -a 
•um (©prjiKio?), Thracian ; sacerdns, Verg., or 
vates.Ov. = Orpheus ;Samus, Samothracia,Vera.; 
penates, of Diomedes, king of Thrace, Ov. D. 
Thraeissa, and contr., Thraessa -ae, f. in or 
fromThrace; subst., a Thracian woman. 

thranis -is, m. (Apart?), a fish, also cnlled 
xiphias, Plin. 

thrascfas -ae, m. (0pa(rKt'a?), a north north- 
vest wind, Plin. 



Thrasytmlus -i, ra. (©pd&v/JoiAo?), an 
Athenian who freed Athens from the Thirty 
Tyrants. 

Thrasymennus, v. TrasumenuB. 

Thrax, v. Thraces. 

Threissa, Thressa, v. Thraces. 

Threx — Thrax, v. Thraces. 

thrips -Ipis, ni. (Bpty), a wood-iuorm, Plin. 

thronus -i, m. (0pd»-o9), a lofty seat, throne, 
Plin. 

Thiicydides -is and -i, m. (©oukuSi'Aijs), an 
Athenian, general inand historian of the Petopon- 
nesian war. Hence, Thucydidius -a -um, 
Thucydidean. 

Thule (Thyle) -5s, f. (©ou'Atj), an island 
i7i the extreme north of Europe, perhaps one of the 
Shetland Islands, perhaps Iceland. 

thunnus (thynnus) -i, m. (fl^ot), a tunny- 
fish, Ov. 

Thurii -orum, m. (©ouptoi), and Thuriao 
-arum, f. a town built on, tits site of the destroyed 
Sybaris, on the Tarentine Gulf. Hence, Thur- 
Inus -a -um, of or belonging to Thurii. 

thus, thurSrluB, etc. = tus, turarius, etc. 
(q.V.). 

Thuys, dat. Thuyni, ace. Thuynem, and 
Thuyn, m. a princeof Paphktgonia at the time of 
Artaxerxes Memnon. 

thya -ae, f. (Wn) and thyon -i, n. (9vn-\ the, 
Greek name oftlie citrus-tree, Plin.; hence, thyius 
-a -um, of the wood of the citrus-tree, Prop. 

Thjfamis -Wis, m. (0ua/m), the most nor- 
therly river in Epirus, now Callama. 

Thyatlra -ae, f. and Thyatlra -firum, n. 
(©uaTeipa), a town in Lydiu, rebuilt by Seleucus. 
Nicator, now Akhissar. 

ThybriS = Tiberis (q.v.). 

Thyene -SS, f. a nymph, nurse of Jupiter. 

Thyestes -ne and -is, m. (©i^oc^r)?), so,t °S 
Pelops, father of Aegisthus, brother of Atreiis, 
who placed before Thyestes for food Thyestes' own 
son. 

Thylas (dissyll.) -adis.f. (Quids), " Bacchante, 
Verg. 

thymus, v. thya. 

Thyle = Thule (q.v.). 

1. thymbra-ae, f. (0v>|3pa), the herb savoi-v, 
Verg. 

2. Thymbra -ae, f. (0v»3p>)), « town in 
Troas, on the river Thymbrios, with a temple to 
Apollo. Hence, Thymbraeus -a -um, Thym- 
braean, surname of Apollo. 

thymion (-um) -li, n. (fliiiuoi), a kind of 
wart, Plin. 

thymosus -a -um (thymuni), full of thyme; 
mcl, Plin. 

thymum -i, n. (Bv^ov), and thymus -i, m. 
(flup.or and Quiios), the herb thyme, Verg. 

Thyni -ortnn, m. (&woi), a Thracian people, 
dwelling origiiudly on the Black Sea. Hence, A. 
Thynia -ae, f. (Qwin), Thynia, the northern 
part of Iiithynia. B. Thynlacus -a -um, 
Thynian; sinus, on the Black Sea, Ov. C. 
Tliynus -a -um, Thynian. D. Thynlas -adis, 
f. Thynian. 

Thynus, v. Thyni. 

thynnus - thunnus (q.v.). 

Thydne -§ s, f. (©uijitj). I. mother of Bacchus 
(ncc. to one legend), identified by some with Semele. 
Hence, A. ThydncUB Pi, m. (©uwrniO. »<>n °J 



Thy 



677 



tim 



Tliyone, i.e. Bacchus. B. Thyonianus -i, ri., 
nictoii. = wj'iie, Cut. II. u nymph, nurse of 
Jupiter. 

Thyre -es, f. and Thyrea -ae, f. (®vpja),a 
town and district inAryolis. Hence, Thyreatis 
-Wis, f. (0t/pcaTi;), of or belonging to Thyrea. 

Thyreum-i, n. and Thyrium -li, n. " town 
in Acaniania, near Levant. Hence, Thyrienses 
-iuin, in. inhabitants of Thyrenm. 

thyrsiger -gfira -geium (thyrans ami gero), 
bearing a thyrsus, Sen. 

thyrsus -i, in. (0Op<ros). I. the skdk or stem 
of a plant, Plin. II. a wand, wound round with 
ivy and vine-leaves, carried by Bacchus and his 
attendants, Hor. 

tiara -ae, f. and tiaras -ae, m. (ndpa), « 
turban, Verg. 

Tiberis -bene, ace. -berim, abl. -bin', in. and 
poet., Thybris -bridis, ace. -brin or -brim, m. 
the river Tiber; personif., Thybris, the river-god 
of the Tiber. Hence, A. Adj., Tiberinus -a 
-um, belonging to the river Tiber; aninis, Liv., or 
flunien, Verg., the river Tiber; pater, or dens, 
the river-god, Verg. Subst, Tiberinus -i, m. 
a, the Tiber, Cic, Verg. ; b, a king of Alba, Liv. 
B. Tibcrinis -Mis, f. belonging to the river 
Tiber ; Tiberiwides Nymphae, Ov. 

Tiberius -If, m. I. a common Roman prae- 
women, abbreviated Ti. or Tib. II. Esp., the 
second emperor of Home, Tiberius Claudius Nero 
Caesar. Hence, Tiberiolus -i, in. dim. little 
(= dear) Tiberius, Tac. 

tibia -ae, f. the shin-bone, tibia; meton., o. 
Pj-i^, fife, flute, originally made of a hollow bone; 
tibiis canere, Cic. 

tibialis -e (tibia), o/or relating toaflute, Plin. 

tibioen -Inis, m. (for tibiicen, from tibia and 
cano). I. a flute-player, piper, fifer, Cic. II. a 
pillar, prop, Ov. 

tibicina -ae, f. (tlbicen), a female flute-player, 
piper, Hor. 

tibioihium -li, n. (tibicen), playing on the 
flute, Cic. 

Tibris = Tiberis (q.v.). 

Tibullus -i, m., Albius, a Roman elegiac 
poet, friend of Horace and Ovid, bora 54 B.C., died 
about 19 B.C. 

tibulus -i, f. a kind of pine or fir-tree, Plin. 

Tibur -burls, abl. -bore, lpc, btiri, n. an 
old town in Latium, on both sides of the Anio, on 
a rocky hill (whence called supinum andpronuin, 
Hor.), famous for its romantic position, a famous 
summer resort for the rich Romans, now Tivoli. 
Hence, A. Tiburs -burtis, Tiburtine. Subst, 
Tiburtes -inn and -In in, m. the inhabitants of 
Tibur ; esse in Tiburti, in the Tiburtine district, 
Cic. B. Tiburtmus -a -urn, Tiburtine. C. 
Tiburnus -a -um, Tiburnian. Subst, Ti- 
burnus -i, in. H14 builder of Tibur. 

Tiburtus -i, m. the builder of Tibur. 

Ticinum -i, n. a town in Cisalpine Gaul on 
the river Ticinus, now Pavia. 

Ticinus -i, m. one of the tributaries of the 
Padus in Cisalpine Gaul, now Tessino. 

Tifata -5rum, n. a mountain north of Capua 
in Campania, on which was a temple to Diana, 
now Torre di Sessoki. 

Tifernum -i, n. a town in Samnium on the 
river Tifernus. 

TifernuB -i, m. 1, a mountain in Samnium; 
2, a river in Samnium. 

Tigellius -ti, m. name of two musicians at 
Rome in Horace's time, 

19 



tigillunl -i, li. (dim. of Mgmilli), n small 
beam, Liv. 

tignarius -a •um (tignnm), of or relating to 
beams ; faber, a carpenter, Cic. 

tignum -i, n. (lego), a beam of wood, a log of 
timber, Caes. 

Tigranes -is, in. (Tiypan)?). I. king in Great 
Armenia, son-in-law and ally of M ithriilates, 
conquered by Lltcullus. II. his son. 

TigranScerta -ae, f. and Tigranocerta 

-Oram, n. the chief town of Armenia, founded by 

Tigranes. 

tigrinus -a -um (tigris), spotted like a tiger, 
Plin. 

tigris -Idis and -is, ace. -Idem and -im or 
-in, abl. -Ideor-i, ace. plur., poet., -Idas (Tt'ypw, in 
Persian = anarrow). I. c. (masc. gen. in jirose, 
fern. gen. iu poetry), a tiger ; 1, lit., Verg. ; 2, 
transf., a, name of one of the dogsofActacon, Ov.; 
b, name of a sh in decorated with thefigure of a tiger, 

Verg. II. m. Tigris -Idis and -is, ace. -Idem and 
-im, abl. -Ide and -g or -I, the river Tigris in Asia. 

Tigurini -drum, m. a Helvetia n people. Adj. , 
Tigurinus -a -um, Tigurine; pngus, the modern 
canton Vaud. 

tilia -ae, f. I. a linden or lime-tree, Verg. 
IL the inner bark of the lime-tree, Plin. 

Timaeus -i, m. (Ti'/iaios). I. a Greek his- 
torian in Sicily under Agalhades. II. a Pytha- 
gorean philosopher of I.ocri, after whom one of 
Plato's dialogues was named. 

Timagenes -is, m. (Tinayorj?), arhctorician 
of the time of Augustus. 

Timanthes -is, in. (T\/iai Srjt), a famous 
Greek painter, contemporary of Parrhasius. 

TimavilS -i, m. a river in the Venetian 
country between Aquileiaa nd Trieste, now Timavo. 

tiruefactus -a -um (timeo and faeio), made 
(earful, frightened, alarmed, Cic. 

timendus -a -um, p. adj. (from timeo), to be 
feared, fearful, dread ; reges, Hor. 

timens -entis, p. ad)', (from timeo), fearing, 
fearful; a, with genit, mortis, Lucr. ; b, absol., 
hortatus Omentum, Ov. ; plur. subst., the fear- 
ful; timentes coutlrmat, Cues. 

timeo -ui, 2. to be of raid, fear, dread, appre- 
hend ; with ace, nliquem, Cic. ; with ne, ne uon, 
or ut and the sulij., timeo, ne non inipetrem, 
Cic. ; with infln., to be afraid to ; nomen referro 
in tabulas, Cic. ; with interrog. clause, quid 
possem, timebain, Cic. ; with dat. (of the object 
on whose account fear is felt), sibl, Caes. ; with 
de, de republica, Cic. ; with a and the abl., a quo 
quidem genere ego numquam timui, Cic. 

timide, adv. with compar. and superl. (tim- 
idus), timidly, fearfully, Cic. 

timiditas -fitis, f. (timidus), fearfidness, 
timidity, Cic. 

timidus -a -um (timeo), fearfid, timid, faint- 
hearted, Cic. ; with ad and the ace, timidus ad 
mortem, Cic. ; with in and the abl., timidus in 
labore militari, Cic. ; with genit, timidus pro- 
cellae, Hor. ; non timidus, foil, by the infln., non 
timidus pro patria niori, Hor. 

Tlinocrates -ae, ni. (Ti/iojcpanjs), an Epicu- 
rean philosopher, flourishing about 260 B.C. 

TimolSon-ontis, m.(TijioA<W), a Corinthian 
general, contemporary of Philip of Macedon. 
Hence, TimdlSonteus -a -um, of or belonging 
to Timoleon. 

Timon -Snls, ra. (Ti'p.<ov), a citizen of Athens, 
notorious for his misanthropy. 

timor -Oris, m. (timeo), fear, dread, apprehen- 



Tim 



07! 



sloti. L Lit., ft, g"dn., definiunttimofcmmettim 
mali appropinquantis, Cic. ; tlinorein deponite, 
CIc ; Injlcere timorem Parthis, Cic.; percelli 
timore, Cic. ; full, by ne nn<\ the subj., Liv. ; by 
infln., Ov. ; by ace. and infln., Liv.; personif., 
Timor, son of Aether and Tellus, Ilor., Verg. , Ov. ; 
b, religious fair, superstition, Hor. II. Me ton., 
an object exiting few; Cacus Aventinae timor 
atque infainia silvae, Ov. 

Timotheus -i, in. (TV60eo<;). I. son of 
Conon, the rebuihlcr of the long walls of Athens. 
II. a musician of Miletus. 

tlnctiiis -c (tingo), in which something is 
dipped, Ov. 

tinctorfa.3 -a -urn (tingo), of or relating to 
dyeing; fig., mens, bloodthirsty, riin. 

tinotura -ae, f. (tingo), a dyeing, Plin. 

tinctus -ft, m. (tingo), a dipping, dyeing, Plin. 

tinea (tinia) -ae, f. a moth, bookworm, Ov., 
Hor. ; a worm in beehives, Verg. 

tingo (tinguo), tinxi, tinctuin, 3. (root 
TING, Gk. TE1T, Te>Ta)), to wet, moisten, imbue 
with any fluid. I. Gen., a, lit., tunica sanguine 
tincta, Cic. ; b, fig., to tinge, imbue ; orator sit 
mihi tinctus Uteris, Cic. II. Esp., to dye, colour, 
Cic. 

tinmmentum -i, n. (tinnio), a tinkling, 
ringing, Plaut. 

tinnio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. to ring, tinkle, 
tingle, jingle. I. Lit., Varr. II. Transf. , 1, to 
sing, to scream, Plaut. ; 2, to chink, to male to 
chink; of money = to pay; ecquid Dollabilla 
tinniat, Cic. 

tinnitus -iis, m. (tinnio), a ringing, tinkling, 
jingling, Verg. I. Lit., Ov. II. Transf., of 
discourse, a jingle of words, Tac. 

tinnulus -a -urn (tinnio), ringing, clinking, 
tinkling, jingling, Ov. 

tinnunoiilus -i, m. akind of falcon (Fnlco 
tinnunculus, Linn.), Plin. 

tintlnnabulum -i, n. (tintinno), a bcll,.lnv. 

tintinnaoulus -a -um (tintinno), ringing, 
jingling, Plaut. 

tintinno (tintino), 1. to ring, jingle, tinkle, 
Cat. 

tinua-l, f.« s?ir!(&(ViburnumTinu9, Linn.),Ov. 

tiphe-5s, f. (n'^r)), a species of grain (Triticum 
monococcon, Linn.), Plin. 

Tiphys, aco. -phyn, voc. -pliy, m. (Tupvs), 
the helmsman of the Argo. 

tippula -ae, f. a water-spider (which runs 
swiftly over the water), Varr. ; used to express 
something very light, Plant. 

Tiresias -ae, m. (Tetpe<nat)> the famous blind 
soothfiyer of Tliebes. 

TIridates -datis, m. (TipiSanjs), name of 
several kings in Armenia. 

tiro (tyro) -onis, m. I. a young soldier, a 
recruit; 1, lit., Cic; adj., exercitus tiro, Cic; 
2, transf., a, a beginner, a learner; in aliqua re, 
Cic. ; tiro esset scientifi, Cic. ; b, a youth who 
assumes the toga virilis, Ov. II. Proper name, 
31. Tullius Tiro, the freedman of Cicero. 

tirocinium -ii, n. (tiro). I. military ignor- 
anceainl Inexperience; a, lit, juvenis, Liv.; b, 
ii ■ t. n., recruits, Liv. XI. Transf., of the entry of a 
young man on any career ; in L. Paulo accusando 
tirocinium ponere, come before the public, Liv. 

tiruncfilus -i, m. (dim. of tiro), a young 
beginner, Plin. 

Tiryns« ace. -ryntha, f. (Tlovv:), an Argive 
town where Hercules was brouglit up. Hence, 
adj., Tirynthius -a -um, poet.,_ Herculean, 
relating to Hercndes; so simply, Tirynthius 



Tit 

-Ii, m. Hercules; Tiryr-thia, Alcmcna, themolh(? 
of Hercules. 

Tisias -ao, in. (T«ri'a?), of Sicily, the first 
founder of a rhetorical system. 

TIsiphone -ea, f. (Jio-i#6itj) l one of the 
Furies; hence, adj., Tisiphoneus -a -um, 
hellish, impious; tempora, Ov. 

Tissaphcrnes -ao, in. (Tio-<ra<f)<'p><>]s), a 
3atrap under Xerxes II. and Artaxerxes II. 

Tisse -5s, f. n tov;n in Sicily, now Randa:z». 
Hence, Tissenses -linn, in. the inhabitants of 
Tissc. 

Titan -tSnis, m. (TcTai-), and Titanus -i, m. 

1. Gen., plur., Titanes and Tit.ini, the sons of 
Uranus and Gaea (lat. Tellus), who warred again*/ 
Jupiter for supremacy in heaven, and were by him 
cast down into Tartarus. II. one of the Titans; 

a, the Sun-god, son of Hyperion ; h, Prometheus. 
Hence, A. Tltanius -a -um, of or relating to the 
Titans; snbst., TItania -ae, f. a, Latona, Ov.; 

b, Pyrrha, Ov.; c, Diana, Ov.; &, Circe, 0\\ B. 
Titaniaous -a -um, Titanian. C. Titanis 
-idis -idos, f. Titanian; subst., a, Circe, Ov.; 
b, Tethys, Ov. 

Tithonus -i, m. (TiOwi'd?), the husband of 
Aurora, who obtained from his wife the gift of 
immortality, but without perpetual youth, and 
was at last changed into a grasshopper. Hence, 
adj., Tithonius -a -um, Tithonian; Tithonia 
conjux, Aurora, Ov. 

Titles -ium, in. and Titienses -lum, m. 
one of the three tribes (Ramnes, Tities, and 
Luceres) into which the Roman burgesses were at 
first divided, and out of which three centuries oj 
knights arc said to have been formed by Romulus, 

titillatio -onis, f. (titillo), a tickling, titil- 
lation, Cic. 

titillatus -us, m. = titillatio (q.v.). 

titillo, 1. to tickle ; sensus, Cic. ; fig., ne vos. 
titillet gloria, Ilor. 

titio -unis, m. a firebrand, Varr. 

titivilllcium -Ii, n. a trifle, Plaut. 

titiibanter, adv. (titubo), hesitatingly, un. 
certainly, Cic 

titubantia -ae, f. (titubo), a wavering, stag, 
gering; linguae, oris, stammering, Suet. 

titubatio -6nis, f. (titubo), a staggering, 
reeling, Sen. ; fig., uncertainty, hesitancy, Cic. 

titubo, 1. to totter, stagger. I. Lit., 1, of 
persons, silcnus titubans annisque meroque,Ov.; 
vestigia titubata, tottering, Verg.; 2, transf., to 
stammer ; Licinius titubans, Cic; lingua titubat, 
Ov. II. Fig., 1, to waver, to hesitate, Plant, ; 2, 
to blunder, err; si verbo titubarint (testes), Cic. 

titulus -i, m. an inscription, label, title. I, 
Lit,, 1, gen., titulum inscribere lamnae, Liv. ; 

2, esp., a, a notice on a house that is to let ; sub 
titulum nostros misit avara lares, Ov. ; b, an 
epitaph ; scpulchri, Juv. II.^Transf., 1, a, a till* 
of honour, honourable designation; consulatus, 
Cic ; b, glory, honour; par titulo tantae gloriae 
fuit, Liv.; 2, a pretence, pretext, reason; quern 
titulum praetenderitis, Liv. 

Titurius -Ii, m. a legate of Caesar's in the 
Gallic war. Hence, Titiirlanus -a -um, of or 
belonging to Titurius. 

Titus -i, m. I. a common Boman praenomen, 
usually abbreviated T. II. the emperor Titus 
Flavins Subinus Vesposianus, son and successor 
of the Emperor Vespasian. 

Tityos -i, m. (TiTvdt), sou of Jupiter, punished, 
for an insult to Latona by being stretched out in 
Tartams, and having his liver devoured by 
vultures. 



Tit 



570 



toil 



Tityrus -i, ni. (TiYvpos, Doric = Sdrvpo?). 
I. the name of a shepherd in Vergil's Eclogues ; 
poet., inetmi., a, -the Eclogues of Vergil, Ov. ; 
b, Vergil himself, Prop. II. Transf., a shep- 
herd ; sit Tityrus Orpheus, Verg. 

Tlepolemus -i, m. (TAijn-dAfuoO, son of 

Hercules. 

Tmarus (-8s) -i, m. (T>apo s ), syncop. from 
Tomarus -i, m. (Td,uapos), a mountain in 
Epirus on which was Dodona and the temple of 
Zeus. 

Tmolus -i, m. (T,uwAo?), a mountain in 
Lydia, famous for its wine. Hence, A. Tmolius 
-a -urn, Tmolian ; subst, Tmolius, Tmolian wine, 
Verg B. Tmolites -ae, in. a dweller on Mount 
Tmolus. 

tocullio -Snis, m. (from tokos, interest), a 
usurer, C'ic. 

tofaceus (tdfaclus) -a -urn (tofus), made 
of tufa, like tufa, Pliu. 

tofinus -a -am (tofus), made of tufa, Suet. 

tofus (tophus) -i, m. tufa, Verg. 

toga -ae, f. (tcgo), a covering; esp., the while 
woollen upper garment worn by the Romans in 
tunc oj peace, when they appeared in their public 
capacity as citizens ; it was also worn by freed - 
woinen and prostitutes (while the stola was 
worn by honourable women) ; especial kinds of 
the toga were : purpurea, the kingly, Liv. ; pura, 
worn by young men on coming of age, also called 
Wilis, Cic; Candida, of a candidate for office, 
Cic; meton., a, = peace, Cic. ; b, = togatus, (a) 
togata, a prostitute, Tib. ; (fi) plur., = clients' 
.Mart. ' 

togatarms -li, m. (toga), an actor in the 
Fabula togata, v. togatus, Suet. 

togatiilus -i, m. (dim. of togatus), a client, 

Mart. ' 

togatus -a -urn (toga), wearing the toga. I. 
Lit., gen., as a sign of a Roman citizen, as onp 
to a foreigner or a soldier ; gens, the Roman people, 
Verg. II. Transf., 1, togata -ao, f. (sc 
fabula), the national drama of the Romans, treat- 
ing of Roman subjects (opp. fabula palliate), Cic; 
Z. Gallia togata, the Romanised part of Gallia Cis- 
alpuui, Cic; 3, togata, a freedwoman, a prosli- 
lute^Hor. ; 4, a client, Juv. 

togula -ae, f. (dim. of toga), a little toga, Cic. 

Tdlonus -i, in. a river in the country of the 
Saomes, now Turano. 

tolerabilis -e (tolero), that can be borne, 
bearable, tolerable; conditio, Cic. ; poena, Cic. 

tolerabiliter, adv. (tolerabilis), patiently: 
ahquid tolerabilius ferre, Cic. 

tfilcrandus -a -urn (tolero), endurable, Liv. 

tolerans -antis, p. adj. (from tolero), bear- 
ing, enduring, patient, tolerant; with cenit 
laborum, Tac. ' 

t5lSranter, adv. (tolerans), patiently; ilia 
ferre, Ctc. 

tolerantia -ae, f. (tolero), a bearing, en- 
during, supporting ; reruin lnunanarum, Cic. 

toleratio -Snis, f. (tolero), capacity for en- 
durance, Cic. * . 

tolero, 1. (lengthened form of root TOL, 
whence tollo, tuli, rAao, rAfuu), to bear, endure, 
Mwtaia, tolerate; hg., 1, hiemem, Cic. ; inopiam 
ball.; with ace and influ., SaU. ; 2, to support, 
sustain, nourish, feed, keep; equitatum, 6aes. 
vitain ahquS re, Caes. 

Tfiletum -i, n. a town of the Carpetani in 
Hijpatua Tarraconensis, now Toledo. Hence 
Toletanl -5nun, in. the inhabitants of Toletttm 



tolleno -onis, m. (tollo), a machine for rais- 
ing water, a swing-beam or swipe, Plin. ; a mili- 
tary engine, Liv. 

• tollo, susttUi, sublatum, 3. I. to lift up- 
raise, elevate. A. Lit., 1, gen., saxa dc terra) 
Cic. ; oeulos, Cic. ; abquem incrucein, to crucify, ' 
tic. ; 2, esp., a, naut. t. t., tollere ancoras, to 
weigh anchor, Caes.; b, milit. 1. 1., tollere signa, 
to break up camp, Caes. ; c, to take up, take with 
one; ahqueni iu currum, in equuin, Cic; of 
ships, to have on board; naves quae equites 
sustulerant, Caes. B. Fig., 1, to raise, elevate ; 
aliquein humeris suis in caelum, Cic; landcs 
uheuius inastra, Cic; clamoreni, Cic; aminos 
to assume a proud demeanour, Sail. ; 2, esp., a 
to extol, magnify; aliquem honoribus, Hor : 
tollere aliquem, to help to honour, Cic. ; aliquem 
laudibus, to extol. Cic. ; b, to raise up; animum 
regain one's spirits, Liv. ; ainioum. to comfort, 
Hor. ; c, to take on oneself; quid oneris in 
praeseutia tollant, Cic. ; d, to bring up a child 
Plaut. ; transf., to get, have a child; liberos ex 
Fabia,Cic II. to take away, carry off'. A.1, gen., 
praedam, Caes.; frunientum de area, Cic; solein 
niuiido, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to remove the food from' 
the table ; cibos, Hor. ; b, to reserve for one's own 
use; omnes ehlamydes, Hor.; c, to destroy, get 
rid of; aliquein e or do medio, or simply ali- 
quem, Cic; Carthaginian, Cic. B. Pig., to 
remove; 1, gen., amioitiam e nmndo, Cic. ; 2, 
esp., a, to consume; tempus, diem, Cic; b to 
annul, bring to naught ; legem, Cic; dictaturam 
fuuditus a rcpublica, Cic. 

Tolosa -ae, f. a rich town in Gallia Narbo- 
nensis, now Toulouse. Hence, A. Tolosanus 
-a -uiu, o/or belonging to Tolosa; luirum, taken 
by the consul Q. Scrvilius Caepio from Tolosa, 
Cic _ B. Tolosas -litis, Tolosan; subst., 
Tolosates -ium, m. the inliabitants of Tolosa. 

Tolostobogii -orum, m. one of the three 
races of the Galatians in Asia Minor. 

TSlumnius -li, m. 1, a king of the Veien- 
tines ; 2, a sootlisayer of the Rutuli. 

tolutarius -a -urn (tolutim), trotting ; equus, 

tolutim, adv. (tollo), trotting, on the trot, Plin. 

tomacina -ae, f. (tomaculum), a kind of 
sausage, Varr. 

tomaculum (tomaclum) -i, n. (tou,'), a 

kind of sausage, Juv. 

Tomarus, v. Tmarus. 

tomentum -i, n. the stuffing of a pillow, 
mattress, cushion, etc, Tac. 

Torn! -orum, m. (Tdp.oi), and TSmis -Idis,' 
f. (To^.iy), a town in Lower Moesia, on the Black 
Sea, the place of exile of Ovid, near modem Ana- 
dolkioi. Hence, A. T6mltae_ -arum, m. the 
■inhabitants of Tomi. B. Tomitanus -a -urn 
of Tom i. ' 

tomus -i, m. (to/uos), a cutting, chip, shreih 
Mart. 

tondeo, tdtondi, tonsum, 2. to shave, shear, 
clip. I. Lit., a, transit., barbam et capillum, 
Cic; oves, Hor.; b, intrausit., to shave the 
beard; tondere Alias docuit, Cic; c, reflax., 
londero and middle tonderi, to sliave oneself, 
have oneself shaved; candidiorpostquam toudenti 
barba cadebat, Verg.; cum tonderi et squaloroin 
deponere eoegeruut, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to cut 
off, shear, make smooth ; ilex tonsa bipennibus, 
Hor. ; 2, to mow, cut down ; prata, Verg. ; 3,' to 
pluck off, crop off, browse upon ; canipum, Verg., 

tonitrus -08, m. and tomtruum -i, n. 

(tono), thunder, Verg., Ov. • • ,: > 

tono •HI, 1, to soupd, resound. I. Gen', 

caelum tonat fragore, Verg. II, Esp., fo 



ton 



580 



tor 



thunder; 1, lit,., Juppiter tonabat. Prop.; ta- 
pers., toiuit, it thunders, Cic ; tonans, as a 
surname of Juppiter, Cic. ; 2, tninsf., like 
ppovrav, of the powerful voice of an orator; a, 
abaol., Pericles totiare dictus est, Cic; b, tn 
thunder out something ; verba foro, Prop. 

tonsa -ae, f. an our, Verg. 

tonsilis -e (tondeo), 1, that ran lie shorn or 
cut, riiii. ; 2, shorn, clipped, cat, I'liu. 

tonsillar -5mm, f. the tonsils in the. throat, 
Cic. 

tonsito, l. (fntens. of tondco), to shear, clip, 
Plant. 

tonsor -oris, in. (tondeo), a hair-cutter, 
barber, Cic. 

tonsorius -a -um (tonsor), of or for clipping, 
cutting ; culter, Cic. 

tonstrlcula -ae, f. (ilim. of tonstrix), a little 
female barber, Cic. 

tonstrina -ae, f. (tondco), a barber's shop, 
Plant. 

tonstrix -Icis, f. (tonsor), re female barber, 
Plaut. 

tonsura -ac, f. (tondeo), a clipping, shear- 
ing, shaving ; capillorum, Plant. 

tonsus -us, m. (tondeo), the mode of cutting 
or wearing the hair, Plaut. 

tonus - i, m. (two?), the tone or sound of an 
instrument ; applied to painting, tone, Plin. 

toparchia -ae, f. (ronapxia), ft territory, dis- 
trict, province, Plin. 

topaZUS (-8s) -i, f. ( T 6naC~n<;), the topOS, 
chrysolith, or green jasper, Plin. 

tophus, etc. = tofus, etc. (q. v.). 

topla -ornm, n. (sc. opera, from toVo?), orna- 
mental gardening; hence, tdpiarlus -a -um, 
of or relating to ornamental gardening ; subst., 

a, topiarius -II, in. a landscape gardener, Cic; 

b, t&piarla -ae, f. the art of landscape, garden- 
ing ; toplariam facere, U> be a landscctjie gardener, 
Cic; c, tSpiarium -li, n. (ae. opus), landscape 
gardening, Plin. 

topper, adv. sjxedily, directly, forthwith, 
Quint. 

tSral -aiis, n. (torus), the valance of a couch 
or sofa, Hor. 

torctilar -arts, n. (torquco), a wine, or oil 
press, Plin. 

toroularlus -e (torcnlar), o/or relating to a 
press; subst,, torcularium -11, n. re press, 
Cato. 

toroiilus -a -um (torqueo), o/"or relating to a 
press. I. Adj., VBBft, Cato. it. Subst., torcu- 
lum -i, n. re press. 

tordylon -I, n. (r6pSv\ov), the seed of the 
plant seselis ; or, according in others, the 
Tordylium ofllolnalo, Plin. 

torouma -atis, n. (jopevfxa), carred or em- 
bossed work, Cic, Sail. 

tSreutes -ae, m. (ropcvnisX an engraver, 
chaser, embosser, Plin. 

toreutlco -8s, f. (topevthoj, rc. rexvv), Me 
art of chasing, engraving, embossing, Plin. 

tormentum -i, n, (torqueo). I. an instrument 
for twisting, winding, pressing; 1, a windlass, 
•pMry; pracsectis omnium mullerum crlnibus 
torment* effoeemnt, Caen. ; 2, an imtrument of 
tortvre, the rack; a, lit. tormentA adhlbere, 
Olc. ; dare bo In tormenta, Cic. ; do sr.rvo in 
domlnum ne tormentls quidem qtmcrl licet, 
Gic. ; b, transf., («■) compulsion ; leno torment- 
Um admovere Ingonlo, Hor.; (ft) tortvre, Utrmtnt; 
torroenta suspicion!*, Cic. II. a mUU 



tl'tory engine 



for discharging missiles ; 1, ibi torlnonffl r>n1- 
locavit, Caes. ; 2, me ton., the missile so dis- 
charged; telnm tormentumvc iniasum, Cars. 

tormina -um, n. (torqueo). I. the colic, 
gripes, Cic II. Transf., minae, a strangury, 
Plin. 

tormlnalis -e (tormina), of or relating to 
the colic, Plin. 

torrainosus -a ■um(tormina), suffering from 
the colic, Cic. 

torno, 1. (Toprevoj), to turn in a lathe, muli' 
round. I. Lit., spliaeram, Cic. II. Fig., versus 
male tornati, badly-turned, awkward, Hor. 

tornus -i, m.(Tdpro?), a lathe. I. Lit,, Verg. 
II. Fig., angusto versus includere torno, Prop. 

Torone -OS, f. (Topiovn), a town on the. Aegean 
Sea, now Toron; Toronae proinunturiuhi, the 
promontory Derris, near Torone, Liv. Hence, 
T8r6nalci3 -a -um, of or belonging to Torone.- 

tdroSUS -a -um (torus), muscular, fleshy, 
brawny ; colla bourn, Ov. 

torpedo -h»is, f. (torpeo). I. torpor, tor- 
pidity, sluggishness, inertness, Sail., Tac II. 
the fish called the torpedo, Cic. 

torpSo, 2. to be stiff, immovable, sluggish, 
inert, torpid, numb. I. Lit., physically, a, 
corpora rigentia gelu torpebanl, Liv. ; b, to lie 
inactive, continue inactive; deuin sic feriatnm 
volumna cessatione torpere, Cic. ; c, to be. im- 
moveable from fear; adeo torpontibus inetu qui 
aderant, ut ne gemitus quidem exaudiretur, 
Liv. II, Transf., to be mentally benumbed, 
torpid ; si tua ro subitA consilla torpent, Liv. 

torpesoo -pQi, 3. (torpeo), to become, stiff, 
grow stiff, become torpid ; a, from inactivity, no 
per otlum torpescerent maims aut animus. Sail.; 
b, from mental agitation, torpuerat lingua 
inetu, Ov. 

toi'pidUS -a -um (torpeo), slilf, numb, torpid, 
Liv. 

torpor -Oris, m. (torpeo), stiffness, numbness, 
stupefaction, torpor ; 1, physical, Cic; 2, mental, 
dulness, inertness, inactivity ; sordes omnium ac 
torpor, Tac 

torouatus -a -um (torques), wearing a 
twisted collar or necklace ; esp. , as the Biirname 
of T. Manlius, who killed a gigantic Gaul in 
single combat, and took from him the torques or 
necklace which he wort; Alecto torquata COlubris, 
with a necklace of snakes, Ov. ; palumbus tor- 
qnatus, the ring-dove, Mart. 

torqueo, torsi, tortum, 2. (connected with 
rpemo). I. to hoist, land, wind, turn round ; 1, 
gen., a, lit., cervices oculosque, Cic ; terra 
circum axem se torquot, Cic ; caplllos fcrro, to 
curl, Ov. ; stamina digitls or polliee, to spin, 
Ov. ; b, fig., to guide, direct, turn; omnia ad 
com moan in suae causae, Cic; 2. esp., a, to roll ; 
saxa, Verg. ; b, to turn round in a circle, to 
xoind; angnis tortus, Verg. ; hence, c, to hurl 
violently, whirl ; ° : uculum in hostem, Verg. ; 
hastas, Cic; 3, transf., to turn up; spumas, 
Verg. ; torquet medios nox huniida cursus, has 
finished the half of her Journey, Verg. II. A. to 
throw round oneself; tegumen iminane, Verg, 
B. to distort, sprain ; 1, gen., a, lit., vultus 
mutantur. ora torquentur, Cic. ; b, fig., to dis- 
tort; verbo ao llttera jus omne torquorl, Cic; 
2, esp., to rack, torture, torment; a, lit., Cic; b, 
fig,, (a.) allquem mero, to make a person drink in 
order to test him, Hor. ; torqueatur vita Sullae, 
be accurately examined, Cto. ; (j8) to torment, 
plague; allquem, Olo. ; llbidines te tovquent, 
Clo. ; cxspectntlone torqneor, Cic, 

torquis (torques) -Is, m. and (in proso 
rarely) f. (torqueo), that which is twisted or 
cicuw, t, a twisted collar or necklace; torqui 



tor 



581 



tra 



detracto, Cic. II. the collar of draught oxen, 
Verg. III. a ring, Wreath, chuplet ; ornat.it; 
torquibus arae, Verg. 

torrens -entis, p. adj. (from torreo). I. 
burning, hot, parched ; miles sole torrens, Liv. 
II. Trans!'., of water, steaming, rushing, boiling. 
A. Adj., aqua, Verg. B. Subst., torrens -entis, 
m. a torrent, Liv.; quam fertur quasi torrens 
oratin, Cic. 

torreo, torrui, tostum, 2. to burn, parch, dry 
up with heat or thirst ; aristas sole novo, Verg. ; 
solis ardore torreri, Cic; tosti crines, singed, 
Ov.; of fever, mihi torreutur febribus artus, Ov. ; | 
of thirst, Tib.; of love, torret amor pectora, Ov. 

torresco, '■!■ (inchoat of torreo), to become 
parched, be dried tip, Luer. 

torrldus -a -um (torreo). I. Pass., 
parched, burnt; 1, dry, arid; a, lit., cam pi 
siccitate torridi, Liv.; b, transf., meagre, lean; 
homo vegrandi macie torridus, Cic. ; 2, pinched, 
nipped with cold ; membra torrida gelu, Liv. 
II. Act., burning, hot; aestas, Verg.; locus ab 
incendiis torridus, Liv. 

torris -is, m. (torreo), a firebrand, Ov., Verg. 

torte, adv. (tortus), crookedly, awry, Luer. 

tortllis -e (torqueo), twisted, tunned; aurum, 
a golden chain, Verg. 

torto, 1. (intens. of torqueo), to torture, tor- 
ment, Luer. 

tortor -oris, m. (torqueo), a torturer, tor- 
mentor, executioner, Cic. 

tortiiosus -a -um (2. tortus). 1. full of turns 
and windings, tortuous. A. Lit., alvus, Cic. ; 
amnis, Liv.; loci, Cic. B. Fig., perplexed, in- 
tricate, involved; genus disputaudi, Cic. II, 
painful, tormenting, Plin. 

1. tortus -a -um, p. adj. (from torqueo), 
twisted, crooked; via, the labyrinth, Prop.; 
quercus, an oak garland, Verg. ; vimen, a bee- 
hive, Ov. ; fig., conditioner tortae, intricate, per- 
plexed, Plaut. 

2. tortus -us, m. (torqueo), a twisting, wind- 
ing, curve; serpens longos dat corporc tortus, 
Verg. 

torulus -i, m. (dim. of torus), a tuft, Plaut. 

torus -i, m. (connected with sterno, <rropeV- 
vvp.i), any round swelling ■protuberance. Hence, 
I. a knot in a rope, Plin. II. a knot or loop in a 
garland (fig.), Cic. III. a fleshy, projecting part of 
the body, muscle ; tori lacertoruin, Cic. poet.; eolla 
tiiment toris, Ov. IV. a bed, sofa, mattress, 
cushion, couch, Verg., Ov. ; osp., (a) the marriage 
couch, Verg., Ov. ; (/3) the bie.r ; toro componat, 
Ov. V. a mound or elevation of earth; tori 
riparuui, Verg. 

torvitas -5ti3, f. (torvus), savageness, wild- 
ness (of appearance or character) ; vultus, Tac. 

torvus -a -um (tero), wild, savage, gloomy, 
severe, grim, fierce ; osp. of the eyes or the look, 
oculi, Ov. ; forma mmantis, Ov. ; draco, Cic. 
'poet. ; proelia, Cat. 

tot, num. indccl. (roaa), so many; tot viri, 
Cic. ; foil, by ut and the sulij., Cic. ; with quot, 
us, Cic; by quoties, Cic; with a prep, with- 
out a subst., ex tot, Ov. 

tdtidcm, num. iudecl. (=tot itideui), just 
as many ; totidem annus vixerunt, Cic. ; foil, by 
quot (as), totidem verbis, quot dixit, Cic. 

totiens = toties (q.v.). 

toties, adv. (tot). I. so often, so many times, 
us many times ; followed by quoties (as), quoties- 
rumque, Cic. ; quot, Liv. II. just as many 
iimes, Hor. , 



I 



wJ>ole, all, entire. J, Of an object which i» not 



divided, a, terra, Cic; mens, Caes.; respublica, 
Cic. ; b, whole = with body and soul; sum vester 
totus, entirely yours, Cic. ; in prece totus eram. 
Ov. ; c, whole, complete, full ; sex menses totos, 
Ter. ; subst., feotum -i, n. the whole, Cic; in 
toto, on the whole, Cic. II. Of an object opposed 
to its parts, all, all together ; totis copiis, Caes. ; 
totis viribus, Liv. (dat., toto, Caes., B. Gf.,7, St», 5). 

toxicon (-um) -i, n. (to£ik6v), poison for 
arrows, Ov. 

traballs -e (trabs). I. of or relating to beams 
of wood; clavus, a spike, Hor. II. as strong or 
os large as a beam ; telum, Verg. 

trabea -ae, f. the trabea, a white robe with scarlet 
horizontal stripes and a purple seam, worn, a, by 
kings, Verg., Liv. ; b, by knights on solemn 
processions, who were thence called traboati ; 
hence, metoii. = the equestrian order, Hart. ; c, 
by the augurs, Suet. 

trabcatus -a -um (trabea), clad in the trabea ; 
Quiriuus, Ov. 

trabccula (trablcula) -ae, f. (dim. of 
trabs), a little beam, Cato. 

trabs. trabis, f. (root TRAB, Or. TPATT, 
whence Tpdirr)£). I. a beam of wood, Caes. II. 
Transf., 1, the trunk of a tree, a tree; trabes 
acernae, Verg. ; 2, meton., anything made out of 
beams; a, a ship; Cypria, Hor.; b, a roof, 
house; sub isdem trabibus, Hor.; c, a table, 
Mart._ 

Trachas -ehantis, f. a town in Italy = Tar- 
racina. 

Trachin -chinis, f. (TpaxiV), nil old town in 
the Thcssalian district of Phthiolis, residence of 
I'eyx, scene of the death of Hercules, afterwards 
called Heraclea. Hence, Tradnnius -a -um 
(TpoviVio?), Trachinian; heros, Ccyx, Ov. ; so 
simply Tiachinius, Ov.; plur. subst., Trachiniae, 
the Trachinian women, name of a tragedy of 
Sophocles. 

tracta= tractum (q.v.). 

tractabilis -e (tracto), that can be handled 
or wrought, manageable. I. Lit., tractabile onme 
necesse est esse, quod natum est, Cic ; caelum, 
not stormy, Verg. II. Transf., yielding, com- 
pliant, tractable. ; virtus, Cic. ; nihil est eo (illio) 
tractabilius, Cic. 

traotatlO -Onis, f. (tracto), a handling, 
management. I. Lit., beluarum, Cic. ; nrmorum, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a treating of, handling; 
philosophiae, Cic; 2, rliet. t.t, a particular use 
of a word, Cic. 

tractator -oris, m. (tracto), a slave who 
rubbed a bather's limbs, a shampooer, Sen. 

tractatrix -icis, f. (tractator), a female 
shampooer, Mart. 

tractatus -us, m. (tracto), a handling, work- 
ing, management. I. Lit., Plin. II. Fig., treat- 
ment, management ; 1, gen., ipsarum artium 
tractatu dclectari, Cic; 2, esp., the treatment 
of a subject by an orator or writer, Tac. 

tractim, adv. (traho). I. gradually, by de- 
grees, , Luer. II. slowly, drawling! y ; susurrare, 
Verg. 

tracto, 1. (traho). I. to drag ulong, haul; 
tractata comis antistita, Ov. ; persona, quae 
propter otium ac studium ininimo iujudiciis 

iiericulisque tractata est, Cic. II. to touch ; 
., lit., a, manu or nianibus aliquid, Cic. ; vul- 
nera, Cic; tlla lyrac, Ov. ; b, to handle, busy 
oneself with, work, manage ; terrain, Luer. ; 
gubomacula, to steer, Cic; anna, to carry, Cic. ; 
pecunianj publicam, to manage thepuhlicfinances, 
Cic; 2, fig., a, gen., to treat, handle, manage; 
causas auueorum, Cic. ; bcllum, conduct a war, 
Liv. ; tractnre conditiones, to treat about terms. 



tra 



562 



tra 



Caes. ; partes secundas, to act, play, Hor. ; in- 
transit., to treat; tie conditionibus, Nep. ; b, 
esp., (a) to treat, behave oneself towards ; aspcre, 
Cic ; honoriflcentius, Cic. ; (£) se, to behave one- 
eel/; lta se tractate ut, etc., Cic. ; (7) of speech 
or writing, to treat, discuss, handle a subject ; 
partem philosophiae, Cic. 

tractum -i, n. (traho). I. a flock of icool 
when carded or combed out, Tib. II. a cake, 
Cato. 

1. tractUS -a -um, p. adj. (from traho). I. 
druicn from, proceeding from; venae a cordo 
tractae, Cie. II. fluent, flowing; oratio traeta 
et fiuens, Cic. 

2. tractus -us, m. (traho), a dragging. I. 
1, drawing, draught, course; a, lit., tractu 
gementem ferre rotani, Verg. ; b, transf., (a) 
the extent, s}>ace occupied by anything, position ; 
castroruin, Liv. ; tractus ductusque muri, Caes.; 
(j3) meton., a tract of country, district; totus, 
Cic.; hoe tractu oppidi erat regia, Caes.; cor- 
ruptus caeli tractus, Verg. ; 2, a drawing away ; 
Syrtes ab tractu nominatae, Sail. II. Fig., 1, 
coicrse, motion ; a, calm movement, composed style ; 
tractus orationis lenis et aequabilis, Cic. ; b, of 
.time, course, Lucr. ; 2, esp., a, drawling in 
pronunciation; tractus verborum, Cic; b, of 
time, delay ; belli, Tac. 

traditio -5nis, f. (trado). I. a giving up, 
transferring, surrender ; rei, Cic. ; oppidorum, 
Liv. II. giving over by means of words ; a, of 
a teacher, instruction, Quint. ; b, of a writer, 
relation, Tac. 

traditor -oris, m. (trado), a traitor, Tac. 

trado -didi -dltum, 3. to give up. I. In a 
narrow sense, to give up, hand over; alicui 
poculum, Cic. ; equum comiti, Verg. ; alieui 
testainenunn legemlum, Hor. ; regnum or im- 
perium alicui per mantis, Liv. II. In a wider 
sense, to give up, deliver over, consign to; 1, 
gen., peeuniam regiani quaestoribus, Liv. ; pos- 
sessioncs et res creditoribus, Caes.; 2, esp., a, 
to hand over to a person's care, protect ion, manage- 
ment, to entrust; alicui custodian) naviuiu, Caes.; 
alicui turrim tuendam, Caes. ; b, to give to a 
person to lead ; alicui legionem, Caes. ; c, to give 
in marriage ; alicui neptem .vgrippinam, Tac; 
d, to entrust to a person for instruction ; pueros 
inagistris, Cic. ; e, to give by way of protection; 
equites Romanos satellites alicui, Sail. ; f, to 
give over to the enemy, to hand over, deliver v]> ; 
arma, Caes.; alicui Galliac possessionem, Caes.; 
se alicui, Caes. ; g, to give over by way of sale, to 
sell; aliquem dominis, Ov. ; h, to give up for 
punishment; aliquem in custodian), Cie.; ali- 
quem ad supplicium, Caes. ; i, to expose; ferls 
populandas terras, Ov. ; j, se, to devote oneself to 
some thing or r«rsou, to give oneself over to; se 
totnni alicui, Cic; se quieti, Cic; totos se 
voluptatibus, Cic. ; k, to give over by words ; (a) 
to entrust; quae dicam trade memoriae, Cie., 
(J?) to recommend ; aliquem alieui, Cic ; I, to 
hand down as a kind of inheritance to posterity; 
(a) inimicitias posteris, Cic. ; liafC consuetudo 
a majoribus tradita, Cic. ; (fi) to hand down in 
writing, report, relate; qualia mu'.ta historia 
tradidit, Cic. ; annalcs tradunt, foil, by ace 
and infin., Liv.; so, tradunt (they narrate), tradi- 
tur, etc., with ace. and infin., Liv. ; with noin. 
and infin., Lycurgi temporibus Ilomerus etiam 
fnisse traditnr, Cie. ; tradition est, with aec. 
and inlin., Liv., Cic. ; m, to communicate by 
word of mouth ; (a) clamorem proximia, Caes.; 
(fi) to communicate in teaching, to teach; elcmenta 
loquendi, Cic ; hacc subtilius, Cic. 

traduco (transduco) -duxi -duetum, 3. 
I. to carry over, lead over, bring over or across. 
A, Lit., 1, hominum multitudincm trans 



Rhenum in Galliain, Caes. ; 2, esp., to bring or 
lead on, with ace. of object over which the tiling 
is brought ; Airmen, pontem, Caes. B. Fig., 1. 
to bring to, transpose, change; a, Clodiuni ad 
plebem, Cie. ; centuriones ex inferioribus or- 
dinibua in superiores, Caes. ; b, to bring to a 
certain condition, alter, bring over; artimos a 
severitate ad hilaritateni risumque, Cic; ali- 
quem a disputando ad dicendum, Cic; aliquem 
ad suam scntentiam, Cic; 2, to pass time, spend, 
had ; otiosam aetatem, Cic. ; 3, to direct; curani 
in vitulos, Verg. ; orationem traduxi et convert! 
in increpandam fugam, Cie. II. to lead, con- 
duct through ; Helvetios per fines Sequaiiorum, 
Caes. III. to lead by, lead past. A. Lit., 1, 
copias piaeter eastra, Caes. ; 2, esp., trnducere 
e-quuin (of a knight when he passed muster at 
the censor's inspection) ; quum esset censor et 
in equitum censu C. Licinius Saecrdos prodissct 
. . . jussit eqiuim traducere, Cic B. Fig., 1, 
to show, let be seen; se, Juv. ; 2, to expose to 
ridicule; aliquem per ora hominum, Liv. 

traductio -onis, f. (traduco), a leading on ; 
fig., 1, a, transferring of a man from a patrician 
family to a plebeian; hominis ad plebem, Cic; 
2, a bringing to public disgrace, Sen.; 3, a figure 
of speech, metonymy, Cic ; 4, temporis, passage, 
course or lapse of time, Cic 

traductor -oris, m. (traduco), a transferrer ; 
ad plebem (of Pompeius, who procured the trans- 
ference of Clodiua from a patrician to a plebeian 
family), Cic 

tradUX -ucis, m. (traduco), a vine-layer, pre- 
pared for transplanting, Plin. 

tragacantha -ae, f. {rpa.ya.KavO a), a plant, 
goafs-thorn, tragacanth, Plin. 

tragemata -um, n. (rpay^aTa), dessert, 
Plin. 

tragice, adv. (tragicus), tragically, after the 
manner of a tragedy, Cic. 

tragicocomoedla-ae, f. ("TpayixoKio/iuSia), 
tragi-comedy, Plant. 

tr&gicus -a -um (Tpayoco?). I. of or relating 
to tragedy, tragic; poema, tragedy, Cic; poeta, 
a tragic poet, Cie. ; actor, Liv. ; Orestes, appear- 
ing in a tragedy, Cic ; subst., traglCUS -i, m. 
a tragic poet, Sen. II. Transf'., tragic; a, in 
tragic style, lofty, sublime; orator, Cic; b, tragic, 
fearful, terrible, horrible; scelus, Liv. 

tragion -ii, n. (rpdyioi/), p?iti:£ with a smell 
like a goat, Plin. 

tr&goedia -ae, f. (rpaywSia). I. a tragedy, 
Cic. ; tragoedias facere, Cic' ; tragoediam agere, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, n tragic scene: Appiae 
nomeii quantas tragoedias excitnt, Cie. ; 2, 
tragic pathos ; istis tragoediis tuis perlurbor, 
Cic. 

tragoedus -i, m. (TpaywSd?), a tragic actor, 
tragedian, Cic. 

tragonis = tragion (q.v.). 

tragopan -is, f. (Tpayonav), a bird (perhaps 
vultur barbatus, Linn.), Plin. 

tragopogon -onis, m. (TpayoTrciywi'), the 
plant goat s-beard, Plin. 

tragoriganuxn -i, n. (jpayopiyavov), a plant, 
goat's-thyme, Plin. 

tragos -i, m. (rpayos), 1, a thorny plant, 
Plin. ; 2, a kind of sponge, Plin. 

tragula -ae, f. (traho). I. a species of javelin 
used by the Hauls and Spaniards, Caes., Liv. J 
Be., fcrognlam injicere in aliquem, to use artifice, 
Plant. II. a kind of dragnet, Plin. III. a 
kind of sledge, Varr. 

tragus -i, m. (rpayos), 1, the smell under (ty 
armpits, Mart.; 2, Kind offish^ 0\: 



tra 



583 



tra 



trahea (traha) -ae, f. (traho), a sledge, drag, 
Verg. 

trahax -acis (tralio), drawing everything to 
oneself, greedy, Plant. 
traho, traxi, tractum, 3. to draw, drag along. 

1. Gen., A. Lit., aliquem pedibns, Cic. ; ad 
supplicinm trahi, Sail., Tac, or train alone, 
Sail. B. Fig., 1, to lead, draw away; traliit 
sua quemque voluptas, Verg. ; quid est quod me 
in aliam partem trahere possit? Cic; 2, to bring 
upon; deeus ad consulem, Liv. ; crimen in se, 
Ov. ; 3, to ascribe, interpret, refer to ; aliquid ad 
religionem, Liv. ; in diversa, Liv. II. Esp., A. 
to draio after oneself, drag along ; 1, a, lit., 
vestem, Hor.; esp. from fatigue, corpus fessum, 
Liv.; b. to lead, conduct with oneself; exercitum, 
Liv. ; turbam prosequentium, Liv. ; 2, fig., 
tantum traliit ille timoiis, Ov. B. to draw to 
oneself, draw to, attract; 1, a, lit., auras ore, 
Ov. ; aniinam, to breathe, Liv. : esp., of porsons 
drinking, to quaff ; pocula, Hor. ; b, transf., 
to put o)i oneself; squamas, Ov. ; ruborein, Ov. ; 

2, fig., a, to assume ; multum ex moribus (Sar- 
inatarum) traxisse, Tac. ; b, to take to oneself, 
appropriate ; deeumas, Cic; c, to receive, gain; 
cognomen ex aliqua re, Cic. ; majorem ex per- 
nicie et peste reipublicae molestiam, to feel, Cic; 
d, to take ; in exemplum, Ov. C. to draw to- 
gether ; vultus, Ov. ; vela, to furl, Verg. D. to 
draw away, drag off ; 1, lit., aliquem a teniplo, 
Verg.; praedas ex agris, Liv. ; hence, to plunder ; 
Aeduorum pagos, Tac. ; 2, fig., a, to draw away 
from; ab incepto, Sail.; b, to take away ; partem 
doloris traliebat publica clades, Liv. ; c, to bor- 
row ; consilium ex aliqua re, Sail. ; d, to deduce, 
derive; sermonem ab initio, Cic. E. to draw 
out, bring out, get out; 1, lit., aquam e puteis, 
Cic. ; ferrum e vulnere or a vulncre, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., vocem uno a pectore, Verg. F. to draw 
down ; lunam (de caelo), Ov. G. to draw or 
drag hither and thither ; 1, lit., corpus tractum, 
Cic. ; 2, fig., a, to distract, Tac; b, to squander ; 
pecuniain, Sail.; c, to divide; sorte laborem, 
Verg. ; d, to reflect on; rationes belli, Sail. H. 
to draw out in length; 1, lit., a, to lengtlien; 
in spatium aures, Ov. ; b, to spin out ; data 

Eensa; Ov. ; c, to card ; lanain mollein traliendo, 
'v.; 2, fig., of time, a, to prolong, delay, put off; 
pugnam, Liv. ; eomitia, Cic. ; rem in serum, 
Liv. ; b, to drag along ; vitam in tenebris, Verg. 

traicio = trajicio (q.v.). 

trajectio -onis, f. (trajicio). I. a passing 
over, crossing over ; a, of a person over the sea, 
passage, Cic. ; b, of things, stcllarum, Cic. II. 
Fig., A. Gen., trajectio in alium, a putting off 
upon, Cic. B. Esp., 1, the transposition of 
words; verborum, Cic; 2, hyperbole; verilatis 
Buperlatio atque trajectio, Cic. 

trajectus -us, in. (trajicio), a crossing over, 
passing over, passage ; fluminis, Liv. ; commod- 
issimus in Britanniam, Caes. 

trajicio (traicio) -jSci -jeetum, 3. (trans 
and jacio). 1. to throw over or across, to shoot 
across, convey over. A. Gen., telum, Caes. ; 
vexillum trans vallum, Liv. B. Esp., 1, to 
lead over or around, to remove, throw across ; 
mnlos antennasque de nave in navein, Liv. ; 
trajecto in fune, a rope slung round the mast, 
Verg.; 2, to bring over; a, membra super 
acervum levi pede, to leap over, Ov. ; fig., aliquid 
ex illius invidia in te, Cic. ; b, to transport over 
the sea, a river, a mountain, etc. ; legiones in 
Sicilian!, Liv.; copias trans tluvium, Liv.; Marina 
trajectus in Africam, having crossed, Cic ; with 
ace of the place, equitum niagnam partem flu- 
men, Caes.; reflex., with or without se, to cross 
over, go over ; sese ex regia ad aliquem, Caes.; 
sise lUiabus uavibus jn Africam, Liv. ; trajiccio 



Trebiam navibus, Liv. ; with abl. of the water 
crossed, Aegaeo maii trajecit, Liv. II, to throw 
over, hurl beyond ; 1, muruni jaculo, Cic ; 2, a, 
to pierce through, stab, transfix; aliquem venab- 
ulo, Liv.; alicui femur tragula, Caes.; b, to 
ride through, break through ; pars magna equi- 
turn mediam trajecit aciem, Liv. 

tralaticius — translations (q.v.) 

tralatio = translatio (q.v.). 

tralatus, v. transfero. 

traloquor (transloquor), 3. dep. to re- 
late, Plaut. 

1. Tralles -lum, m. (Tpa\A«), an Illyrian 
people, Liv. (ace Trallis). 

2. Tralles = Trallis (q.v.). 

Trallis -lum, f. (a! TpdAAei;), a town in 
Caria, near Mount Mesogis. Hence, Tralli- 
anus -a -urn, of or relating to Tralles. 

tralucoo = transluceo (q.v.). 

trama -ae, f. (traho), the woof in weaving ; 
transf., the spiders web, Plin. ; trama llgurae, a 
lanky, lam person, Pers. ; traiuae putridae, 
trifles, Plaut. 

trameo = transmeo (q.v.). 

train es -itis, m. (trameo), a by-way, cross- 
road. I. Lit., Apeiinini tnunites, Cic. ; trans- 
versis tramitibus transgredi, Liv. II. Transf., 
poet., a way, course, road, path; cito decurrit 
tramite virgo, Verg. 

tramigro — traiumiigro (q.v.). 
tramitto = transmitto (q.v.). 

tranato (transnato), 1. to swim ucross.Tac. ; 
with ace. of place, Gangem, Cic 

trano (transno), l. I. to swim over, swim 
across; ad suos, Liv.; with ace. of place, ftumeu, 
Caes. ; pass., tranantur aquae, Ov. II. Transf., 
to swim through, to sail through, go through, fly 
through, pass through ; nubila, Verg. ; genus 
igneum quod tranat omnia, pervades, Cic 

tranquille, adv. with compar. and superl. 
(tranquillus), quietly, tranquilly, Cic. 

tranquillitas -atis, f. (tranquillus), calm- 
ness, tranquillity. I. Lit, a calm, freedom from 
wind, calm sea, weather; maris, Cic; suinma 
tranquillitate consecuta, Caes. ; tanta subito 
malacia et tranquillitas exstitit, Caes. II. 
Transf., rest, petice ; a ? polit., summa tranquil- 
litas paeis atqueotii, Cic; b, menkd; animi, Cic 

1. tranquillo, adv. (tranquillus), quietly, 
Liv. 

2. tranquille, 1. (tranquillus), to make 
tranquil, trunquillise. I. Lit., mare oleo, Plin. 
II. Fig., animos, Cic. 

tranquillus -a -um (trans and quies), 
tranquil. I. Lit., calm; esp., free from wind; 
mare, Cic. ; serenitas, Liv. ; subst., tranquil - 
lum -i, n. a calm ; in tranquillo tempestatem 
adversam optaro dementis est, Cic. II. Transf., 
peaceful, tranquil, undisturbed, serene ; tran- 
quilla et serena frons, Cic; subst., tran- 
quil lum -i, n. quiet; rempublicam in trau- 
quillum redigere, Liv. 

trans, prep, with ace I. on the other side 
of; trans montem, Cic; trans Rhenum, Caes. 
II. over, across; trans Alpcs transfertur, Cic, - 
trans mare currant, Hor. 

transabeo -li -Itum, 4. to go through, pene- 
trate ; ensis transabiit costas, Verg. 

transactor -oris, in, (transigo), a manager, 
accomidislwr ; rerun) huiuscemodi omnium trans- 
actor et administor, Cic. 

transadigo -Sgi -actum, 3. I. to drive 
through, thrust through; crudum ciiacm trans- 



tra 



584 



tra 



adigit costas, Verg. II. to pierce, penetrate; 
hasta horum unuia transadigit costas, Vert;. 

transalpinus -a -urn, beyond the Alps, 
transalpine ; Gallia, Caes. 

transoendo (transscendo) -scendi 
-scensum, 3. (trans and seando). I. Intransit, 
to climb over, step over, pass over; 1, lit., iu 
liostiuin naves, Caes. ; 2, fig-, ad ca (of dis- 
course), 'Inc. II. Transit., to climb over, 
step over; 1, lit., muros, Liv. ; Caucasum, Cic. ; 
2, fife'., to step over, transgress ; lines juris, Luer.; 
ordinem aetatis, Liv. 

transcldo -cldi -clsum, 3. (trans and caedo), 
to cut through, Plant. 

transcribo (transscrlbo) -scripsi -scrip- 
tum, 3. to copy, transcribe. I. Gen., testainentum 
in alias tabulas, Cic. II. Esp., 1, to transfer, 
assign; a, lit., noinina in soeios, Liv.; b, I 
transf., aficui spatium vitae, Ov. ; seeptra 
eolonis, Ov. ; 2, to transfer ; matres urbi, Verg. 

transcurro -cucurri aud -curri -enrsuni, 3. 

I. 1, to run over, hasten over ; ad forum, Tor. ; in 
Castra, Liv.-, 2, fig., topassover ; ad melius, Hor. 

II. A. to run or hasten through; 1, lit., per 
spatium, Lucr. ; with ace, caelum transcurrit 
nimbus, Verg.; 2, lig., cursum Blium, Cic. B. 
to sail or travel past ; 1, lit., Caes.; prneter oculos, 
Ov. ; 2, fig., of time, to pass by, Plin. 

transoursus -us, m. (transcurro), 1, a 
running past, hastening through, Sen.; 2, of 
discourse, a brief mention, PUii. 

transdanuvianus -a -urn, beyond the 
Danube, Liv. 

transdo = trado (q.v.). 

transduco = traduco (q.v.). 

transenna -ae, f. (for transepua from trans 
and apo). I. a number of ropes or wooden bars, 
transposed crosswise ; lience, a net for catching 
birds; 1, lit., Plaut. ; 2, fig, a net, trap, noose, 
Tlaut. II. a lattice over a window, Cic. 

transeo -Ii -Itum, 4. I. In transit., A. to 
go over to, go to ; 1, a, ad uxorem, Ter. ; in 
Helvetiorum flues, Caes. ; b, to go over as a 
deserter; ad aliquein, Cic; c, to go over from 
one political party to another, Tac. ; d, to pass 
from one rank to another ; a patribus ad plebem, 
Liv. ; e, transf., to be changed into, to be trans- 
formed into ; insaxum, Ov.; 2, flg., a, transit uni 
est ad honestatem dictorum et factoruin, Cic. ; 
b, of discourse, topass over, make a transition ; ad 
partitionem, Cic; c, to go over to an opinion; 
in alicuius sententiam, to be converted to the 
opinion of, Liv. B. to go through ; 1, lit., per 
media castra, Sail.; 2, tig., to penetrate; quae- 
ilain animalia intelligentia per omnia permanat 
et transit, Cic C. to pass by ; transf., of time, 
topass by, jnss away ; transiit aetoa quain cito 1 
Tib. ; dies legis transiit, Cic. II. Transit., A. to 
go over, pass over; 1, lit., a, Euphratein, Cic.; 
pass., Rhodanus transitur, Caes.; b, esp., to 
overtake ; equum cursu, Verg. ; 2, lift., a, to pass 
beyond, to transgress ; fines verecundiae, Cic. ; b, 
to surpass; facile, Cic; c, to despatch; magna, 
Tac. B. to go through, pass through ; 1, lit., For- 
mias, Cic; vim llammae, Nep. ; 2, fig., a, to pass 
ever cursorily, to touch lightly on ; leviter transue 
ettantummodn pcrstringercunnmquamqucrRm, 
Cic; b, of time, to wiss, spend; annum quicte, 
Tac ; vitam, Sail. C. to jxtss by ; 1, lit., omiies 
mensas. Plant.; 2, fig., to pass by; aliquid 
silent io, Cic. (perf., transit, Verg.). 

transoro (transsero) -scrni -sertum, 3. 
to put, thrust through, Cat©. 

transfcro (trafero), traustoli, translatum, 

and trSlfitum, transferre, 3. to carry over or 
ucrcss, transfer, transport, convey, A. Lit, 1, 



gen., Caesar paullo ultra eum locum castra 
transtulit, Caes. ; aliquein trans Alpes, Cic. ; 
reflex., se ti-ausferic Glyccittedecoram in aedem, 
Hor.; 2, esp., to write down ; iu tabulas, Cic. 
B. Fig., 1, gen., to bring over, remove, transpose; 
reguuin ab sede Lavini, Verg. ; omnia Argos, 
give the. victory to Argos. Verg. ; in Celtiberiaiu 
helium, Caes. ; seruionein alio, turn to another 
subject, Cic; 2, esp., a, to put of, defer ; cauaam 
in prozimuin annum, ap. Cic; b, to change to; 
dcflnitioncm in aliam rem, Cic; c, to translate 
into another language ; istuin ego locum totideui 
verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli, Cic ; d, to use 
figuratively or metaphorically; verba, quae trans- 
feruntur, Cic 

transfigo -fixi -fixum, 3. I. to pierce 
through, transfix; puellam gltidio, Liv.; trans- 
fixus hasta, Cic. II. to thrust through ; hasta 
transflxa, Verg. 

transflguratlo -onis, f. (transfiguro), a 
transformation, transfiguration, Plin. 

transfiguro, 1. to transform, transfigure, 
Suet, Plin. 

transfiuo -fluxi, 3. to flow out, flow through, 
Plin. 

transiodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to stab through, 
transpierce, transfix; alicui latus, Liv.; aliqnera, 
Caes.; partic, with ace of respect, pectora 
duro transfussi ligno, Verg. 

transformis -e (trans and forma), changed, 
transformed, Ov. 

transformo, 1. to change, transfigure, trans-, 
form ; se in vultus aniles, Verg. 

transforo, 1. to pierce, thrust through, Sen. 

transtreto, 1. (trans and fretum), to cross 
the sea. Suet. 

transfuga -ae, c (transfugio), a deserter, 
Cic ; specie transfugarum ad Flaccum venire, 
Liv.; transf.. transfuga divitum partes linquere 
gestio, Hor. 

transfugio -fflgi -fugltuw, 3. to desert to the 
enemy. I. Lit., Gabios, Komani, Liv.; absol., 
quod in obsidione et fame servitia inflda trans- 
tugerent, Liv. II. Fig., ab afllicta amicitia 
transfugere et nd florentem aliam devolare, to 
desert unhappy friends, Cic 

transfugium -li, n. (transfugio), a going 
over to the enemy, deserting, Liv. 

transfundo -fudi -fusum, 3. to pour from 
one ressel into another. I. Lit., Plin. II, 
Transf., to transfer; oinnein amorem in aliquein, 
Cic. 

transfuslo -onis, f. (transfundo), a pouring 
out, pouring off. I. Lit, Plin. II. Transf., 
the migration of a people, Cic. 

transgredior -gressus .sum, ?,. dep. (trans 
and gradior). I. Iiitrausit, to go across or over, 
pass over. A. Lit, 1, gen., in Europam, Liv. ; 
per niont.es, Liv.; 2, csp., /" pass over toony 
one's siik or party; in partes alicuius, Tac. B. 
Transf., to pass over to some action, advance; 
tarde ad saeramentum, Tac II. Transit., to 
pass over, pass through. A. Lit., Tauruiu, Cic. ; 
flumen, Caes. B. Transf., a, to pass beyond 
some measure or time, Plin. ; b, to pass over in 
silence; mentionem viri, Veil.; c, to surpass, 
Plin. (partic perf. pass., transgrcsso Apeunino, 
Liv. 10.27.1). 

transgressio -onis, f. (transgredior). I. 
Intransit, a going over, passage; ascensus et 
transgressio Gallonun (over the Alps), Cic. II. 
Transit., a transposition of words ; verborum, 
Cic 

transgressus -us, in. (transgredior), a 
going over, passage; auspiciuill prosperi trans- 
gressus, Tac. ; with object, genit., amnis,, T?.o. ' 



tra 



685 



tra 



translgo -egi -actum, 3. (trans and ago), to 
drive through. I. Lit, to stab, pierce through; 
se ipsum gladio, Tar.. II. Fig., 1, to pass time, 
spend, lead ; tempus per ostentationem, Tac; 2, 
to finish, complete, accomplish, transact any piete 
of business ; a. gen., negotium, Cic; aliquid cum 
aliquo, aliquid per aliquein, Cic. ; impers., si 
tjansactum est, if it is done, Cic. ; b, esp., to 
settle a difference or dispute, come to an under- 
standing ; cum aliquo H.S. Uucentis milibus, 
Cic; tranaf., to put an end to, have done with; 
transigite cum expeditionibus, Tac. 

transilio (transsilio) -ui and (rarely) -li 
and -ivi, 4. (trans and salio). I. Intransit., to 
spring over, leap across ; 1, lit., de lnuro in nav- 
em, Liv. ; 2, tig., ab illo consilio ad aliud, to go 
over to, Liv. II. Transit., to spring over some- 
thing ; 1, a, lit, to spring over; muros, Liv. ; 
b, transf., to hasten over ; rates trunsiliunt vada, 
Hor. ; 2, fig., a, to pass by, pass over ; rein, Cic. ; 
b, to overstep, transgress; lineas, Cic; munera 
Libert, be immoderate with, Hor. 

transilis -e (transilio), leaping across, going 
across ; palines, Plin. 

transltio -6nis, f. (transeo). I. a going 
ar.ross, passing over. A. Lit, 1, gen., imagines 
similitudine et transitione perceptae, Cic. ; 2, 
esp., u going over from one party or faction to 
another; a., ad plebem transitiones, Cic; b, a, 
passing over to the enemy ; sociorum, Liv. ; exer- 
citus transitionibus iinminutus, Liv. B. Fig., 
infection, contagion, Ov. II. a passage (meton., as 
a place) ; transitiones perviae Jani nominantur, 
Cic 

transitorius -a -urn (transeo), having a 
piassaye through; donius, Suet. 

transitus -Us, m. (transeo). I. a passing 
over or across, transit. A. Lit, 1, gen. ; trans- 
itus fossae, Cic. ; trausitum claudere, Liv. ; 2, 
esp., a 2Mssing over from one parly or faction to 
another; t'acili transitu ad proximos et validi- 
ores, Tac. B. Fig., a, the transition (in paint- 
ing) from shade to light. Plin., Ov.; b, transition 
in discourse, Quint. II. a passing through. A. 
Lit, per agros urbesque, Liv. B. Meton., t/ie 
■place through which one passes ; transitus insid- 
ere, Liv. III. a passing by; tempestatis, Cic ; 
in transitu capta urbs, Tac. 

transjeotio, etc. — trajectio, etc. (q.v.). 

translaticius (tralaticius) -a -um (trans- 
latus, from transfero), handed down as customary, 
prescriptive; a, edictum, received by a magis- 
trate from his predecessor, Cic. ; b, common, 
usual ; liaec tralaticia, ordinary course of things, 
ap. Cic. 

translatio (tralatio) -onis, f. (translates, 
from transfero), a transferring, handing over. I. 
Lit., 1, pecuniarum a justis dominis ad alienos, 
Cic. ; 2, a grafting of plants, Plin. II. Fig., 1, 
a transferring ; a, of a judge, accuser, place, 
etc., Cic ; b, of an accusation, criminis, Cic ; 
2, a metaphor, trope, figure ; verecunda, Cic. 

translativus -a -um (transfero), of or re- 
lating to a transference ; constitutio, Cic 

translator -oris, m. (transfero), a trans- 
• fetter i quaesturae (of Verres, who, being quaes- 
tor to the consul Cll. Papirius Carbo, deserted 
to Sulla), Cic. 

transluoco (traluceo), 2. I. to shine 
across, Lucr. II. to shine through, be visible 
through, Ov. 

transluoidus (tralucidus) -a -um, tram- 
parent, translucent, Plin. 

transmarinus -a -um, from beyond sea, 
foreign, transmarine ; artes, Cic; legationes, Liv. 
transmeo (trameo), 1. to go over, across, 
through, Plin. 

19* 



transmigro, 1. to migrate from one place to 
another ; Veins, Liv.; transf., of plants, to 6e 
transplanted, Plin. 

transmissio -onis, f. (transmitto), a pat- 
sage ; ab ea urbe in Graeoiam, Cic 

transmissus -ils, m. (transmitto), a pas- 
sage; pari spatio transmissus atque ex Gallia ia 
Britanniam, Caes. 

transmitto (tramitto) -inlsi -missum, 3. 

I. to send across, send over, convey across, trans- 
mit from one place to another. A. 1, lit, equi- 
tatuni celeriter, Caes. ; classem in Euboeam ad 
urbeni Oreuin, Liv. ; 2, fig., a. bellum in 
Italiara, Liv.; b, to give over; (a) to entrust; 
liuic hoc tantum belluin, Cic. ; (fi) to resign, 
yield; mania imperii, Tac. ; (y) to devote; suum 
tempus temporibus amicoruin, Cic. B. to let 
pass, let through; 1, gen., exercitum per fines, 
Liv. ; 2, to lead from one point to another ; trans- 
missum per viam tigillum, placed across the road, 
Liv. C. to let pass ; Juniuin mensem tiansmisi- 
mus, Tac. II. to place oneself, to go, run, swim, 
pass through or over something; 1, lit, a, 
gen., (a) with aec. of place, maria, Cic ; (0) 
absol., sin ante trausmisisset, Cic; b, esp., to 
hurl, or throw over or through, Ov. ; 2, tig., to 
leave unnoticed, take ho heed to, take no uotire 
of, not to mind; Scauruin sileutio transmisit, 
Tac 

transmontani -orum, in, dwellers beyond 
the mountains, Liv. 

transmovdo -movi -mOtum, 2. to remove from 
one place to another. I. Lit, Syria legiones, Tac. 

II. Fig., to transfer, Tcr. 
transmutatio -5nis, f. (transmute), the 

transmutation of letters, Quint. 

transmuto, 1. to change, transmute; dextera 
laevis, Lucr. ; incertos honores, Hor. 

transnato =■ tranato (q.v.). 

transnomlno, 1. to change the name of a 
person or thing, Suet. 

transpadanus -a-uin, beyond (i.e., on the 
north side of) the Po, transpadane; cojonia, 
Caes. ; clientes, Cic. Subst, transpadanus 
-i, in. a person living on the north side of the Po, 
Cat. ; plur., Cic 

transpeotus -fis, m. (transpicio), a looking 
through, seeing through, Lucr. 

transpicio (transspicio), 3. (trans and 
specio), to look through, see through, Lucr. 

transpono -posui -positum, 3. I. to put 
over, across, remove, transfer, Plin. II. (=tra- 
jicere), to put across (a river) ; militem dextras 
in terras iturum, Tac 

transportatio -onis, f. (transporto), a mi- 
gration, Sen. 

transporto, 1. to convey from one place to 
another, transport; exercitum in Grueciam, Cic ; 
milites his navibus flumen transportat, Caes. 

transrhenanus -a-um (trans and Rhenus), 
beyond (i.e., on the east side of) the Rhine ; Ger- 
mani, Caes. 

transs ... v. trans . . . 

transtibcrinus -a-uin (trans and Tibet is), 
bcyondthcTiber. Subst, transtlbermi -orum, 
in. the people living beyond the Tiber, Cic. 

transtinoo, 2. (teneo), to go through, pass 
through, Plant. 

transtrum -i, n. (from trans). I. a cross- 
bench in a ship on which the rowerssat, gen. plur., 
Caes. II. a cross-beam, Caes. 

transulto (transsulto), 1. (iuteus. of 
transilio), to spring over or across, Liv. 

transuo (transsuo) -sitf -stuum, 3. to sew 



tra 



580 



tre 



through, stitch through, ■pierce through; exta 
transitu verubus, Ov. 

transvectio (travectio) -onis, f. (tra 

velio). I. a carrying over or across ; Acherontis, 
Cic. II. the riding of a Roman knight 2x1st the 
censor ut the periodical muster, Suet. 

transveho (traveho) -vexi -vectuin, 3. I. 
to carry over, convey across, transport. A. Act, 
milites, Caes. ; naves plaustris, Liv. B. Middle,, 
transvelii, to ride, sail, %xtss over or across; in 
Africam, Sail.; Corcyram, Liv. II. to carry 
through urby. A. Act., to bearalong in, triumph; 
anna spoliuque earpcntis, Liv. B. Middle, 
transvelii = to go, ride', pass by ; 1, lit., a, gen., 
transvectae a fronte pugnaritium alae, Tac. ; b, 
esp., at a public procession, to ride by; (a) of 
the Caesars at the games in the circus, Tac. ; 
(j9) of a knight, to ride past the censor at a mus- 
ter, Liv. ; 2, fig., of time, to pass, p r iss by ; abiit 
jam et transvcctum est tempus, Tac. 

transverbero, l. to pierce through, transfix, 
•perforate; bestiam venabulo, Cic; pectus ali- 
cuius abiete, Verg. 

transversarius -a-nm (transversns), lying 
across, transverse; tigna, Caes. 

transversus (traversus), and trans- 

VOr3US)-a-um, p. adj. (from trunsverto), trans- 
verse, oblique, athwart. I. Adj., A. Lit., fossa, 
Caes. ; transversa anibulare foro, across the forum, 
Cic. ; transverso itinere, in an oblique direction, 
Liv. ; llg., transvers 11111 digitum, afinger's breadth, 
Cic. ; transversum digitum, the breadth of a nail, 
Cic. B. Fig., cuius in adulescentiam transversa 
incurrit misera reipublicae fort una, crossed, 
thwarted, Cic. II. Subst., transversum i, 11. 
a cross-direction, Plin. ; dc or ex transverso, tm- 
erpectedly; ecce tlbi e transverso Lainpsacenus 
Straboqui,ete, Cic. III. Adv., transversum and 
plur., transversa, across, sideways; venti trans- 
versa fremunt, Verg. 
transvdlito, 1. to fly across, Lucr. 

transvoio (trav5lo), l. I. to fly over or 
across; 1, lit., of birds, Plin. ; 2, transf., to 
hasten over, hasten across, pass over hastily ; Alpes, 
ap. Cic. ; eques fcransvol&t in alteram partem, 
Liv. II. 1, to fly through or to, to fly through ; 
transf. — to hasten through ; dum (vox) trans- 
volat aures, Lucr. ; 2, to fly past; a, transf., 
to hasten past ; aridas quereus, Ilor. ; b, iig., 
transvolat in medio posita, passes by, Hor. 

trapetus -i, m., trapetum -i, n., and plur., 
trapctcs -11m, m. (rpaniui, to tread- grapes), an 
oil-press, Verg. 

trapezita -ae, m. (Tpaire^Trf;), a money- 
changer, Plaut. 

Trapezus -untis, f. (Tpa-ne^oii^), a town in 
Pontus, colony of Sinope, now Trebizond, Tara- 
bosan. 

Trasumenus (Trasumennus, Trar. i 
menus, Trasymenus) -i, m. (with or with- 
out locus); the Trasimene lake, on the banks of 
which Hannibal conquered the Ilomans under 
Flaminivs (217 B.C.), now Lago di Perugia. 
Hence, adj., Trasumenus -a -um, Trasime- 
nian. 

trav ... v. transv . . . 

travio, 1. to go through, penetrate, Lucr. 

Trebla -ae, 111. a river in Cisalpine Gaul, 
wher» Hannibal conquered the Romans, 21" B.C., 
now Trebbia. 

Trebula -ao, f. three towns in Italy. I. In 
the Sabine country. A. Trebula Mutusca. 
Hence, Trebulanus -a -urn, belonging to Tre- 
bula. B. Trebula Sntfena. II. In Campania, 
near Suessula and Saticula, now Madaaloni. 



Hence, Trebulanus -a -nm, belonging to Tre, 
bula. 

trecenarius -a -um (trecenti), three-hiin* 
dred-fold, Varr. 

treoenl -ae -a (tres and centum). I. three 
hundred each, Liv. II. three hundred, Plin. 

trecentesunus -a -um (trecenti), the three- 
hundredth, Cic. 

•trecenti -ae -a (tres and- centum), three hun- 
dred, Cic. ; 

trecenties (treoentiens), adv. (trecenti), 
three hundred times, Cat. 

trcchedipnum -i, n. (rpex^etTn'O? -or, 
hastening to dinner), a light garment worn by 
parasites at table, Juv. 

tredecim (tres and deoem), thirteen, Liv. 

tremebundus (tremibundus) -a -um 

(tremo), trembling ; nianus, Cic. 

trcmefacio -feci -factum, 3. (tremo and 
facio), to cause to tremble; pass., tremeflO 
-factus sum -fieri to tremble, Verg., Ov. 

tremendus -a -um (tremo), fearful, dread- 
ful, terrible, dread, Hor. ; rex, Pluto, Verg. 

tremeseo (tremisco), 3. (inchoat, of 

tremo). I. Intransit., to tremble, quake ; a, of 
things, tonitrn tremescunt ardua terrarum et 
campi, Verg.; b, of persons, omnem tremescens 
ad strepitum, Ov. II. Transit., to tremble at; 
sonitmn pedum vocemque, Verg.; with infin., 
telum instare tremescit, Verg. 

tremibundus == tremebundus (q.v.). 

tremisco = tremeseo (q.v.). 

tremo -ui, 3. (Tpe'fjuu), to tremble, quake. I. 
Intransit., a, of things, t remit hasta, Verg. ; b, 
of persons, toto pectore tremens, Cic. ; with 
ace. of respect, tremis ossa pavore, Hor. II. 
Transit., to tremble, quake at; olfensam Junonem, 
Ov.; to, Verg.; virgas ac secures dietatoris, Liv. 

tremor -oris, m. (tremo). I. a trembling, 
quaking, tremor; of the limbs, pallor et tremor 
et deiitium crepitus, Liv. ; of tire, tremor 
ignium elariiR, Lucr.; of the earth, Verg. ; plur., 
Lucr., Ov. II. Meton., an object which causes 
fear and trembling, Mart. 

tremulUS -a -um (tremo). I. trembling, 
quaking, quivering, tremulous; a, of . things, 
lumen, Verg. ; mare, Ov.; b, of persons, accurrit 
ad ine tremulus, Ten II. Act., causing trem- 
bling, Prop. 

trepidanter, adv. (trepido), anxiously, with 
trepidation; omnia trepidantius timidiusque 
ngere, Caes. 

trepidatlO -onis, f. (trepido), agitation, 
anxiety, disquiet, alarm, trepidation, Cic. ; tautain 
trepidationem injecit tit, etc., Liv. 

trepide, adv. (trepidus), tremblingly, an- 
xiously, with trepidation ; castra relinqucre, 
Liv. 

trepido, 1. (trepidus), to be in anxious, con- 
fused motion, be agitated, be in alarm, be busy, 
bustle about anything; a, lit., of living beings, 
totis trepidatur castris, the whole camp is in 
confusion, Caes. ; circa advenam, suxtrm con- 
fusedly around, Liv. ; circa signa, give «•«!/ in 
front, Liv.; of anxious haste, ad anna, Liv.; 
with inter and the ace, to be undecided between, 
to i^nrer between ; inter fugae pugnaeqne con- 
fiilinni, Liv.; with acc.= to fear unxirmsly ; oe- 
cursnm amici, Juv. ; with intin., ne trepidate 
meas defenders naves, Verg.; b, transf., of 
things, aqua per pronuin trepidat nvum, ripples, 
Hor.; trepidant llammae, flicker, Hor.; with 
infin., cuius octamm trepidavit {is hastening on) 
aetas claudere lustrum, Hor. 



tre 



587 



tri 



trepldua -a -urn (t^u,). unquiet, anxious, 

alarmed, restless, disturbed; a, 'lit, of living 
beings and the situation of living beings, trepida 
Dido, Verg.; of undecided or rash haste, civitas, 
Liv.; with genit., on account of; rerum suarum, 
Liv. ; metus, Ov. ; cursus, Verg. ; in re trepida, 
in rebus trepidis, in an alarming state of things, 
Liv.; h transf., of things, unda, boiling, bub- 
bling, Ov.; ahenum, boiling, Verg. 
tres (archaic, tris), triads, rpia), three, Cic 
tressis -is, in. (tres and as), three asses, Varr. 
tresviri = triumviri (q.v.). 
Treveri (Treviri) -orum, m. a •powerful 
German nation from tin Rhine to the Maas, whose 
capital Augusta or Colonia Treverorum is now 
Treves or Trier. Sing., Trevir -vlri, one of the 
Treveri. Hence, adj., Trevericus (Tre- 
Viricus) j-a -um, of or belonging to the Treveri. 
triangiilus -a -um (tres and angulus), three- 
cornered, ti-iangular. Subst, triangulum 
-i, n. a triangle, Cic. 

triarii -orum, m. (tres), the oldest and most 
experienced Roman soldiers, who were drawn up 
in the third rank, kneeling behind the hastati 
and pnncipes, ready to help these in need; hence 
pro v., res ad triarios rediit, the matter has come 
to theextremest need, Liv. 

tribas -&dis, f. (>pi/3as), an unchaste woman, 
Jrhaedr. ' 

Triboces -um, m. and Tribooi -orum, m. 
o Gallic people on the left bank of tlie Rhine, in 
modern Alsace. 



tribrachys, ace. -chyn, m. (rp^p axus ), sc . 
pes a metrical foot, consisting of three short syl- 
lables (^ w kj), Quint. " 

tribuarius -a -um (tribus), of or relating to 
a tribe, Cic. 

tribiila = tribulum (q.v.). 

tribulis -is, in. (tribus), one who belongs to 
the same tribe, a fellow tribesman; tribulis tuns 
Cic. ; esp., a fellow tribesman of the lower classes' 
one of the common people, Hor. 

tribulo, 1. (tribulum), to press, Cato. 

tribulum -i, n. (tero), a threshing machine, 
Varr. 

tribiilus -i, m. 1, a thorny plant (Tribulus 
terrestns Linn.), Ov. ; 2, an. aquatic plant 
(Trapa natans, Linn.), Plin. 

tribunal -alia, n. (=tribunale, from tri- 
bunus), the tribunal. I. Lit., a raised platform 
for magistrates, e.g., for the consul when he 
directed the comitia, the praetor when he ad- 
ministered justice; in tribunali Pompeii prae- 
tons urbani sedentes, Cic. ; of the raised seat of 
a. general in the camp, Liv.; of the praetor in the 
theatre, Suet. ; metou., of the magistrate sitting 
on the tribunal, omne forum (the people) quern 
spectat et omne tribunal, the magistrates, dis- 
tinguished persons, Hor. II. Transf., A. a 
monument erected in honour of the dead Tac 
B. a mound, embankment of earth, Plin. ' 

tribunatus -us, m. (tribunus), the office or 
dignity of a tribune, tribuneship; a of the 
people, with or without plebis, Cic. ; b of a 
military tribune, militaris, Cic. ' 

tribunicius -a -um (tribunus), of or relating 
to a tribune, tribunicial ; a, belonging to a 
tribune ofjhe people; potestas, Cic; subst., 
tribunicius -li, m. a person who has been 
tribune; b, relating to the tribunes of the soldiers : 
honos, Caes. 

tribunus -i, m. (tribus). I. tribuni, the 
Presutents of the three old tribes, representative of 
Me tributes, at tlie head of whom was the tribunus 
Celerum, Liv. II. A. tribuni nerarii, pay- 



masters who assisted tlie quaestors, and wlio were 
afterwards made judges, Cic. B. Milit. t. t • 
tribuni militura or militares, military tribunes 
six to every legion, who commanded it each for 
two months in the year, Caes. C. tribuni militum 
coiisulan potestate (also called tribuni con- 
sulates), chosen to govern in the place of con- 
suls from 444-366 B.C., Liv. D. tribuni plebis 
(plebi) and (more frequently) simply tribuni, the 
tribunes of the people, the magistrates who pro' 
tected the plebeians, Cic, Liv. 

tribuo -iti -atum, 3. I. to allot to any one 
as a share, bestow, assign, give. A. Lit., praemia 
alicui, Caes.; suum cuique, Cic B. Fig., 1, gen 
to give, show; alicui misericordiam suam, Cic : 
alicui magnam gratiain, Cic.;. 2, esp., a, to oi've 
up, concede, yield to; valetudini aliquid, Cic; 
alicui pnores partes, Cic. ; b, to ascribe, attri- 
bute to ; id virtuti hostium, Caes. ; c, to devote 
time to a particular purpose; his rebus tantum 
tempons, Ones. II.= distribuo, to divide ; rem 
In partes, Cic. 

tribus -us, f. (from root tri, three, and the 
root fu in <j>v\ij), originally, a third part of the 
Roman 2 >eople. Hence, I. a tribe, one of the 
three tribes of the Roman people (Ramnes, Tities 
Luceres); from the time of Servius Tullius a 
new division was made, viz., of four tribes for 
the city (tribus urbanae), and twenty-six, and 
later thirty-one, for the ager Roinan'us (tribus 
rusticae); populum in tribus convocare, Cic,- 
II.Meton., plur., tribus = the lower classes, the 
mob, Plin. 

trlbutarlus -a -um (tributum), of or re, 
latmg to tribute; tabellae, Cic. 

tributim, adv. (tribus), according to tribes, 
tribe by tribe; nummos dividere, Cic. , 

trlbutio -onis, f. (tribuo), a distribution, 
dividing, Cic. 

tributum -i.n. (tribuo). I. tax, contribu- 
tion, tribute; trifAitum conferre, facere, penderei 
Cic. II. Transf., a gift, present, Ov.. 

1. tributus -a -um (tribus), arranged accord- 
ing to tribes; comitia, in which the people voted 
by tribes, Liv. 

2. tributus, v. tribuo. 
tricae -arum, f. 1, trifles, trumpery, nonsense', 

Mart.; 2, vexations, troubles, perplexities; quo- 
modo domesticas tricas (fert)?'Cic. ■> 

Tricastini -5rum, m. a Gallic people, near 
modern Aouste. ._, 

Tricca -ae, f. (Tpi'/«i}), an old town in 

1 hessaly on the Peneus, now Trikkala, a .-, • ■ 
tricenarius -a -um (triceni), containing the 

number thirty ; tilius, thirty years old, Sen. 
triceni -ae -a, genit. tricenura (triginta), 1' 

thirty each, Cic. ; 2, thirty, Plin. • 

triceps -clpltis (tres and caput), 1, threi- 

headed, Cic. ; 2, three-fold, Varr. . ' 

tricesimus -a -um (triginta), the thirtieth, 

tricessis -is, m. (triginta and as), thirty 
asses, Varr. ••" 

p trichias -ae, m. (rpi X (cis), a species ofsardint ; 

trichlla -ae, f. a summer-house, arbour, Caes. 

Plin^ 01 "* 13 " IdiS ' f ' (Tpix ' T ' s) ' a kind °f alwl > 

tricies (triciens)/ adv. (triginta), thirty, 
times, Cic. 

tricliniaris -e (triclinium), of or relating to 
a dining-couch, Plin. Subst, trioliniaria 
-lum, n. a, a dining-room, Plin.; b. drapery for 
a dining-couch, Plin. * .. 



tri 



68S 



Tri 



triclinium -li, n. (TpucAiViov). I. a dining- 
couch, a couch on which the Romans reclined at 
meals (generally three on each, sometimes four 
and five), Cic. II. a dining-room ; exornnt 
ample et magniflee triclinium, Cic. 

trlcolum (-on) -i, n. (tpikuW), a. period 
cmisisting of three jiarts or clauses, Sen. 

trioor, 1. dep. (trieae), to make difficulties, to 
shuffle, trifle ; cum aliquo, Cic. 

trioornis -e (Ires and eornu), having three 
horns, Plin. 

trlcorpor -pflris (tres and corpus), having 
three bodies; forma tricorporis umbrae, ofGeryon, 
Verg. 

triouspis -Idis (tres and cuspis), having 
three points, Ov. 

tridacna -5rum, n. (toi = ter, and Saxvui = 
mordeo), a kind of oyster, Plin. 

tridens -entis (tres and dens), having three 
teeth or prongs. I. Adj., rostra, Verg. II. 
Subst, tridens -entis, m. a trident, a three- 
pronged spear for piercing large fish, Plin.; an 
attribute of Xeptuno, Verg. 

tridentifor -fen, m. (tridens and fero), the 
trident-bearer, epithet of Neptune, Ov. 

tridentlger -geri, m. (tridens and gero), the 
trident-bearer, epithet of Neptune, Ov. 

triduum -li, n. a sjxice of three days ; quum 
tridui vimn processisset, Caes. ; triduo ilium 
But aunnnum quadriduo periturum, Cic. 

triennla -Ium, n. (tres and annus), a festival 
celebrated every three years, Ov. 

triennium -li, n. (tres and annus), a space 
of three years ; biennium aut. triennium est quum 
nuntium remisisti, Cic. ; inultis locis Uennaniae 
triennium vagati, Cic. 

triens -cu I is, m. (tres), a third part, one-third, 
A. Gen., Cic. B. Ksp., 1, the third part of an 
as, Hor.; 2, of a srxtarius, Prop.; 3, In in- 
heritances, o third part of a whole ; cum duobua 
cohercdibus esse in trieiue, Cic. 

trientabulum -i, n. (triens), the equivalent 
in land fir the third part of a sum of money, Liv. 

trien talis -e (triens), containing one-thiul 
of afoot, I'lin. 

trierarchus -i, in. (Tpujpap.xos), the com- 
mander of a trireme, Cic. 

trierls -e (Tpiiipjps), having three banks of 
oars. Subst., trieris -is, f. a trireme, Nep. 

trieterious -a -um (rpieTTjpiKcS;), recurring 
every three years, triennial; trieterica sacra or 
orgla, Verg., Ov. 

trleteris -idis, f. ( T pi«r»jpiO, 1, a space of 
three years, .Mart. ; 2, a triennial festival, Cic. 

trifariam, adv. (trifaiins, three-fold, sc. 
partem), {« o three-fold manner — in three places, 
on three sides ; adoriri, munire, Liv. 

trlfaux -faucis (tres and faux), having three 
throats, triple-throated ; latratus (Cerberi), Verg. 

trifer -fCra -fernm (ter and fero), bearing 
fruit thrice a year, Plin. 

trilidus -a -uin (ter and Undo), split in three 
parts, three-forked ; tlainma (of lightning), Ov. 

trifUis -e (tres and ilium), having three hairs, 
Mart. 

trifollum -li, n. (tres and folium), trefoil, 
Plin. 

trlfcrmiS -e (tres and forma). I. three- 
formed, having three forms; Chiinaera, Hor.; 
dea, . Jlecate, Ov. II. three-fold; inundiis (be- 
cause composed of air, sea, and earth), Ov. 

trifur -furis, in ,'ier and f"r), a three-fold 
thief, arch-thief, Plaut.' 



trlfurclfer -feii, in. (ter and furcifer), an 

arch-rogue, Plant. 

trigarius -a -um, subst. (triga, a team of 
three horses), relating to a team of three hois**; 
subst., 1, trigarius -li, m. a driver of a team 
of three horses, Plin. ; 2, trigarium -ii, n. « 
circus or training-ground where teams of three 
horses are driven, Plin. 

trigeminus (tergSminus) -a -um, three- 
fold; vir, Geryun, Hor.; eanis, Cerberus, Ov. ; 
tergemini honores, the aedileship, praeti/rship 

and consulship, Hor.; of children, three born at 
a birth; fratres, the Horatil and the Curiatii, 
Liv. ; Trigeuiina Porta, a gate in the. old city-nail 
of Rome, opposite the northern corner of the Aven- 
tine, Plin. 

trigemmis -e (tres and gemma), having 
three buds, Plin. 

triginta, num. (xpiaKoi'Tu), thirty, Cic. 

trlgon -Onis, m. (Tpi'ywi'). I. a ball for play- 
ing, Mart. II. Meton., a game at ball, Hor. 

trigonalis -e (trigonum), three-cornered ; 
pila (= trigon), Mart. 

trigonum -i, n. (rpiytavov), a triangle, Vnrr. 

trigonus -i, in. a kind offish, the sting-ray, 
Plant. 

trlllbris -e (tres and libra), of three pounds' 
weight, Hor, 

trilinguis -e (tres and lingua), having three 
tongues ; os Cerberi, Hor. 

trilix -icis (tres and licium), having three 
threads; loricam conaertam hainis auroque tri- 
licem, Verg. 

trimatus -tls, m. (trimus), the age if three 
years, Plin. 

trimostris, 3. (tres and mensis), three 
monthly. I. Adj., haedi, three months old, Vnrr. 
II. Subst., trimostria -Ium, n. crops which 
ripen three months ajter sowing, Plin. 

trimeter = trimetros (q.v.). 

trlmetrSs (-US) -a -Um, containing three 
metra, i.e., three double feet, Quint.; subst. 
trlmotros (-US), and (Latinised form), trl- 
motfir -tri, a trimeter, Hor. 

trimSdia -ae, f. and trimd'dium -li, n. 
(tres and modius), a vessel containing thre evwdii 
or bushels, Plaut. 

trimus -a -um (tres), three years old; equa, 
Hor. 

Trinacrla -ne, f. (Tpiraxpia), the oldest name 
of Sicily, so called from, its triangular shape, 

Hence, A. Trinacrlus ■* -um (Tpuaicpius), 
Trinacrian, and B. Trinacrls -idis, f. (Tpi- 
raKpt'O, Trinacrian ; Trinacris nlone = Sicily, Ov. 

trini -ae -a (tres). I. three each, Plin. II. 
three together (found With subst. only used in 
plur.), trinae litterae, Cic; trina castra, Caes. 

Trinobantes -um, in. a people in the eust of 
Britain. 

trinodis -e (tres and nodus), having three 
knots, Ov. 

triobolus (-os) -i, m. (Tpio^oAo?), a coin nf 
the value of three oboli, Plaut. 

Triocala -ornm. n. a mountain fastness in 
Sicily. Hence, Trlocalinus -a -um, relating 
to Triocala. 

trionos -um, in. (=teriones, from tero), the 
ploughing ore n ; transt'., the constellation:' known 
as the Great Bear mtd Little Hear (as the atura 
resembled the sliape of a waggon and the oxen 
attached to it), Verg. 

Trlopas -ae, m. (Tpio7ras), a king in Thessaly, 
father oC ErysiclUhon. Hence, A. Tridpelos 



tri 



589 



tri 



-ii_ m. (Tptojreioi) == Erysichthon, Ov. B. Trio- 
pels -Wis, f. =s Mestra, daughter of Erysicthon. 

trlorchis, ace. -chem, f. (rpwpxU). I. a 
buzzard, Plin. II. a kind of centaury, Plin. 

triparcus -a -um (ter and parcus), very 
stingy, Plaut. 

tripartite- (and gen.) trtpertito, adv. 
(tri parti tus), in three parU ; bona dividers, Cic. 

tripartitus (and gen.) tripertitus -a-um 
(ter and partior), divided into three -parts, three- 
fold, triple, tripartite; divisio, Cic. 

tripectorus -a -um (tres and pectus), 
having three breasts, Lucr. 

tripedalis -e (ter and pedalis), of three feet 
in measure ; parma, Liv. 

trlpedaneus = tripedalis (q.v.). 

tripert ... v. tripart . . . 

tripes -pgdis (ter and pes), having three feet ; 
mulus, Liv. 

Triphylia -ae, f. (TpupvMa), the south part 
ofElis in the Peloponnesus. 

triplex -pllcis (tres and plico), three-fold, 
triple. I. Adj., acies, Caes. ; Plato tripliceni 
finxit animura, Cic. ; deae, the three Parcae, Ov. ; 
Minyeides, thejhree daughters ofMinyas, Ov. II. 
Subst, 1, tripliees -um, m. (sc. codirilli), a 
writing tablet with three leaves, Cic; 2, triplex 
-plicis, n. = triplum, three times as much; pediti 
in singulos centeni dati . . . triplex equiti, Liv. 

triplico, 1. (triplex), to triple, -make three- 
fold,P)m. 

triplus -a -um (rpcn-AoOs), three-fold, triple; 
pars, Cic. . . 

Tripolis -is, f. (TpiVoAis), the name of several 
towns and places. L a mountainous district in 
Thessaly south of the Cambunian mountains. 
Hence, Tripdlitanus ager, the district of 
Tripolis, Liv. II. a town in Thessalia Hestiaeotis. 
III. a district of Arcadia, near Tegea. IV. a 
district in Africa, now Tripoli. V. a town in 
Phoenicia, now Trapoli. VI. a town in Pontus. 
VII. a torvnin Phrygia. 

Triptolemus -i, in. (TpiTrroXevos), son of 
Celeus, king of E.'-.usis, and of Metaneira, the in- 
ventor of agriculture, a judge in the lower world; 
prov., Triptolemo dare fruges, to carry coals to 
Newcastle, Ov. 

tripudio, 1. (tripudium), to beat the ground 
with the feet, to dance; e.g., a savage war dance, 
tripudiantes more suo (of the Spaniards), Liv.; 
of an old Roman dance on festive and religious 
occasions, Sen. ; hence, transf., tot in funeribus 
reipublicae exsultans ac tripudians, dancing for 
joy, Cic. 

tripudium -li, n. (ter and pes). I. a religious 
dance; e.g., of the Salian priests, Salios per 
urbem ire cauentes carmina cum tripudiis sol- 
lemnique saltatu, Liv. ; so of a savage war 
dance, cantus (Gallorum) ineuntium proelium 
et ululatus et tripudia, Liv. ; of the' wild Bacchic 
dance, Cat. II. T. t. of augury, a favourable 
omen when the sacred chickens eat so fast that the 
food fell out of their beaks, Cic. 

• tripus -podis, m. (rpinovi), a three-legged 
seat, tripod. I. Gen., Verg., Hor. II. Esp., 
the tripod of the Delphic priestess, Cic, Verg. ; 
hence, meton., the Delphic oracle, Ov. 

triquetrus -a -um. I. three-cornered, tri- 
angular; insula (of Britain), Caes. II. (Because 
Sicily from its triangular shape was called 
Triquetra, hence =) Sicilian, Lucr., Hor. 

triremis -e (tres and remus), having three 
banks of oars, Caes. ; subst., triremis -is, f. a 
trireme, Caes., Cic. 



trischoenus -a -um (rpio-xoivof), containing 
three schoeni, Plin. 

triscurria -orum, n. (tres and scurra), gross 
bnjjfoonerics, Juv. 

triste', adv. (tristia). I. sadly, sorrowfully, 
mournfully ; adolescentes gravius aegrotant, 
tristius curantur, Cic. II. harshly, severely; 
tristius respondere, Cic. 

tristi = trivisti, v. tero. 

tristictilus -a -um (dim. of tristis), some- 
wliat sorrowful ; filiola, Cic. 

tristifious -a -um (tristis and facio), caus- 
ing sadness, Cic. poet. 

tristimonla -ae, f. (tristis), sadness, melan- 
choly, Auct. b. Afr. 

tristis -e, sad, sorroivful, mournful, melan- 
choly. I. Gen., A. Lit, of persons, tristis et 
conturbatus, Cic; quos quum tristiores vidisset, 
Cic. B. Transf., a, sad, gloomy; of the lower 
world, Tartara, Verg.; poet., harsh of taste ; 
suci, Verg. ; b, object., troubled, unfortunate, 
disastrous ; tempora, Cic. ; ira, with disastrous 
consequences, Hor.; sors, Cic; tristia ad recor- 
dationem exempla, Cic. ; ncut. subst., triste 
lupus stabulis, a disastrous thing, Verg. ; tristia 
miscentur laetis, Ov. II. Esp., 1, of humour, 
gloomy; a, = unfriendly, surly, morose, Cic; 
natura, Cic ; vultus tristior, Cic ; b, = angry ; 
dicta, Ov. ; 2, harsh, severe, rough; judex, Cic ; 
triste et severum dicendi genus, Cic. 

trlstltia -ae, f. (tristis). I. sadness, sorrow- 
fulness, melancholy. A. Lit., Cic B. Transf., 
of things, sermonis, Cic. II. Esp., 1, ill- 
humour, moroseness, Ov. ; 2, severity, sternness; 
quod ille vos tristitia vultuque deceperit, Cic. 

trisulcus -a -um (tres and sulcus), three- 
fold, three-pointed, three-pronged; lingua ser- 
pentis, forked, Verg. ; telum Jovis, lightning, 
Ov. ; ignes, lightning, Ov. 

trisyllabus -a -um (TpurvMaPot), trisyllabic, 
Varr. 

tritavus -i, m. (tres and avus). I. the father 
of thi atavus or atava, Plaut. II. Transf.,' 
remote ancestors, Varr. 

triticeus (triticeius) -a -um (triticum), of 
wheat, wheaten; messis, Verg. 

triticum -i, n. wheal; granum tritici, Cic ' 
Triton -finis, m. (TpCrwv). I. Triton, son of 
Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a deity of the 
sea, represented with a horn made of a shell, which 
he blew at the bidding of Neptune to raise or 
appease the waves. II. A. a lake in Afi-ica, on the 
smaller Syrtis, according to tradition the birth- 
place of several deities, particularly of Pallas. 
Hence, a, Tritoniacus -a -urn, = belonging to 
Pallas; arundo, the tibia discovered by Pallas, 
Ov. ; b, Tritonis -Wis, f. Tritonian; subst, 
= Pallas, Verg. ; arx = the city of Pallas, Athens, 
Ov.; pinus,_</i6 Argo, built at the order of Pallas, 
Ov. ; c, Tritonius -a -um, Tritonian; subst., 
Tritonia = Pallas, Verg. B. o lake in Thrace 
which had the power of changing into a bird any 
one who bathed nine times in Us waters ; alse 
called Tritoniaca palus, Ov. .-. ^; 

tritor -6ris, m. (tero), a rubber, Plaut 

■ tritura -ae, f. (tero), a treading out of corn, 
threshing, Verg. ...... .... 

1. tritus -a -um, p. adj. (from tero). L A. 
much trodden, muah frequented ; J., lit, .iter, 
Cic; 2, fig., of discourse, in common use, com- 
mon, trite, well-known ,' facia'inus hoc prov.erbium 
tritius, Cic. B. practised ; aures, Cic. ' II. 
worn-out ; vestis; Hor. * ' .■•■ .".-*_. ^ 

2. tritus -Us, in.' (tero),' a rubbing t Cic. ■ 



tri 



590 



Tro 



triumphalis -e (triumphus), of or relating 
to a triumph, triumphal ; corona, of a triumph- 
ing general,L\v. ; provincia, the conquest of which 
has gained a triumph, Cic. ; porta, the gate 
through which the triumphing general entered 
Some, Cic. ; imagines, busts c/ ancestors who had 
triumphed, Hor. ; triumphalia ornamenta, and 
subst., triumphalia -lum, n. the decorations 
of a triumphing general (corona aurea, toga picta, 
tunica palraata, scipio eburneus, etc.), Tac. ; 
senex, an old man who had had a triumph, Liv. 

triumpho, 1. (triumphus). I. Intransit., 
to triumph, to have a triumph. A. Lit., de 
Kuinantinis, Cic. ; ex Macedonia, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, to triumph, gain a victory ; amor de 
vate triumphat, Ov. ; 2, to triumph, exult; 
gaudio, Cic. ; laetaris in omnium gemitu et 
triumphas, Cic. II. to triumph over, to conquer 
completely ; pass., ne triumpharetur Mithridates, 
Tac. ; triumphati Medi, Hor. ; auruiu trium- 
jhatum, captured, Hor. 

triumphus -i, ni., old form, triumpus 
-1, m. (ter and pes), lit., a solemn dance (like 
t'ripudium); hence, A. Lit., a triumphal pro- 
cession, a triumph, granted by the senate to a 
general and his army after an important victory, 
when the general entered Rome in a car drawn by 
white horses, clothed In a toga picta and tunica 
palniatS, with a crown of laurel on his head,- 
preceded by waggons carrying captives and 
booty, and followed by the soldiers shouting " Io 
triumphe!" and singing jocular songs ; alicui 
triumphum decernere, Cic. ; triumphum tertium 
deportare, Cic. ; triumphum agere, to triumph, 
with genit. or de or ex and abl. of persons or 
country over which the triumph was held, 
Bojorum, Liv. ; ex Aequis, Liv. ; Pharsalicae 
pugriae, Cic. ; de Ligunbus, Liv.- B. Transf., 
triumph, victory ; ut repulsam suam triumphum. 
sunin duxermt, Cic. 

triumvir -vlri, m. (tres and vir), a triumvir; 
plur:, triumviri (also tresvlri, written III. viri). 
X. coloniae deducendae, or agro dando, or agio 
dividendo, or agris dividendis, or agro assign- 
ando (or agrarii), commissioners for the formation 
of a colonia and the division of land amorigst the 
colonists; quum triumvir coloniam deduxisset, 
Cic. II. triumviri capitales or carceris lautu- 
miarum, superintendents of prisons, who also 
looked after the execution of punishments ami 
batched over the pxMic peace, Cic. III. trium- 
: viri epulones, v. epulones. IV. triumviri men- 
aarii, commissioners for the regulation of payments 
from the exchequer, Liv. V. triumviri monetales 
(auro, argento, aeri ttando, feriundo), the masters 
of the mint, Cie. VI. triumviri (tres viri) rei- 
publicae constituendae, Antonius, Lepidus, 
Octavianus, who joined together to settle the state, 
Suet. VII. commissioners for raising recruits, 
Liv. VIII. triumviri sacris couquirendi3 
donisque persignandis, commissioners for making 
an. inventory of votive gifts, Liv. IX. commis- 
sioners for repairing or rebuilding temples, Liv. 
JC. magistrates in the municipia, Cic. 
• triumviralis -e (triumvir), o/or relating to 
a triumvir ; flagella (of the triumviri capitales), 
Hor. 

trfumviratua -tis, m. (trimnvir), the office 
of a. triumvir; in trumviratu (sc. agrario), Cic. 

trivSnefica -ae, f. (ter and veneflca), an 
aroh-poisoiier or sorceress, Plaufc. 
v Trivia, v. trivius. 

:' trivialis -e (trivium), common, 'ordinary, 
trivial; carmen, Juv. 

trivium -li, n. (ter and via), a place where 
three roads meet, Cic. ; tneton. , an open street, 
Dublin place, Cic, 



trivius -a -urn (trivium), honoured at three. 
: ot -roads, name of deities who had chapeis at 
cross-roads; dea, Prop., or virgo, Lucr., Diana 
or Hecate; so absol., Trivia -ac, f., Verg.; 
lacus Triviae, a lake in Latium, near Alicia. 
now Lago di Nemi. 

trixago (trissago) -Inis, f. a plant ccdlcd 
germander, Plin. 
Troaa -adis, v. Tros. 

trochaous -i, m. (rpoxaios), 1, a trochee, a 
metrical foot (-o), Cic. ; 2, = tribrachys (q.v.). 

trochaicus -a -urn (rpoxa'iKoi), trochaic, 
Quiut. 

trochilus -i, m. (rpox^os), the golden-crested 
wren, Plin. 

trochlea (troclea) -ae, f. a set of blocks and 
pulleys for raising weights, Lucr. 
trochUS -i, m. (rpoxos), a boy's hoop, Hor. 
Trocmi -orum, in. one of the three main stocks 
of the Gaiatians in Asia Minor. 
Troes, v. Tros. 

Troezon -zenis, ace. -ze"na, f. (Tpoifrji-), an 
old town in Argolis, residence of PUtheus, grand- 
fatlier of Theseus. Hence, Troezenius -a -urn 
(Tpoi£rji/tos), Troezenian; heros, Lelex, son of 
PUtheus. 

Troglodytae -arum, m. (Tpu>yXo5uT<xi), cave- 
dwellers, name of the old inhabitants of the west 
7- zfthe Arabian Gulf in Aethiopia. 
T roiades, v. Tros. 
Troicus, v. Tros. 

TroilUS (-OS) -i, m. (TpciiAos), son of Priam, 
taken prisoner before Troy, and strangled by order 
of Achilles.- 
. Troja, Trojanus, v. Tros. 

Trojugena -ae. c. (Troja and gigno), born 
in Troy, Trajan, Subst., Trojugena '-ae, m. 
a Trojan. Plur.= the Trojans (genit. TrojugSn- 
um), Verg., and = the Romans (descended from 
Aeneas), Juv. 

Tromentlna tribus, one of the tribus rus- 
ticae. 

tiopacum -i, n. (rpoiraiov), a trophy, a 
monument of victory, originally consisting of 
arms taken from the enemy hung on the stem 
of a tree. I. A. Lit., tropaeum statuere or 
ponere, to erect, Cic. B. Meton.= tfte victory; 
Salamiiiium, Cic. II. Fig-= a memorial ; neces- 
situdinis atque hospitii, Cic. 

tropaeus -a -um {rponalo<;), turning back; 
venti, blowing from the sea to the land, Plin. 

Trophonius -li, m. (Tpo<J><imos). I. brother 
of Agamedes, with whom he built the Delphic 
oracle. II. a deity who gave prophetic answers 
tc those who slept in his cave (near Lebadia, in 
xioeotia). Hence, Trophonianus -a -um, of 
or belonging to Trophonius. 

tropis -is, f. (Tpon-tsX ^ lees of wine, 
Mart. 

tropus -i, m. (Tpoaos), a metaphor, trope, 
figure of speech, Quint. 

Tros, Trois, m. (Tpws), son of Erichthonius, 
king of Phyrygia, after whom Troy was named. 
Hence, Troja or Troia -ae, f. (Tpoi'a), the town 
of Troy; 1, lit., Liv., Verg. ; 2, transf., a, the 
town built by Aeneas in the Laurentine country, 
Liv.; b, the town built by Helenus in Epirus, Ov.; 
C, a Roman game played oil horseback, Verg. 
Hence. A. Troius -a -um, Trojan. B. Tro- 
janus -a -um, Trojan; judex, i.e., Paris, Hor.; 
prov., equus Trojanus, a hidden danger, Cic. C. 
Troicus -a -um, Trojan. D. Tros, Trois, m. 
a Trojan ; plur., Troes -um, m. the Trojans. 



Tro 



591- 



tue 



E. Troas -ados, adj. fern., Trojan; subst., a 
Trojan woman, Verg. F. Troiddos -um, f. 
Trojan women. 

Trosmis, ace. -min, f. a town in Moesia, Ov. 

trossuli -drum, m. (perhaps an Etruscan 
word for equites). I. a name given to the Roman 
knights in active service, Varr. II. Transf., fops, 
coxcombs, dandies, Sen. 

troxallis -Mis, f. (rpofaXAt's), an animal re- 
sembling a grasshopper, Pliu. 

trucidatio -onis, f. (trueido). J. a slaughter- 
ing, massacre ; civiuin, Cic. ; non pugna sed 
trucidatio velut pecorum, Liv. jtl, a cutting 
off, cutting to pieces, Pliu. 

trucido, 1. to cut to pieces, slaughter, -mas- 
sacre. I. A. Lit., cives Komanos, Cic. B. 
Transf., a, to chew; seu pisces, seu porrum, seu 
cepe, Hor. ; b, poet. = to extinguish; iynem, 
Lucr. II. Fig., 1, to demolish (in words); a 
Servilio trucidatus, Cic. ; 2, to ruin, destroy* 
ne fenore trucidetur, Cic. 

• truculenter, adv. (traculentus), fiercely, 
ferociously; quod truculentius se ferebat quain 
caeteri, Cic. 

. truculentia -ae, f. (truculentus), 1, rough- 
ness, sawgeness, ferocity, Plaut. ; 2, severity of 
climate, Tac. 

truculentus -a -um (trux), rough, ferocious, 
savage, cruel. I. A. Lit., Cic. B. Transf., of 
the voice, wild, Tac. II. Fig., A. Of character 
or behaviour, unfriendly, wild, angry, furious; 
feta. truculentior ursa, Ov. B. Transf., of the 
sea, wild, disturbed, Cat. 

trudls -is, f. a sharp stake, Verg. 

trudo, trusi, trusum, 3. to push, shove, press. 

I. Lit., A. Gen., apros in plagas, Hor. B. Esp., 
to push forth, to put forth buds; genunas, Verg. 

II. Fig., to press, urge, force ; ad mortem trudi, 
Cic. ; truditur dies die, one day presses hard on 
another, Hor. 

Truentum -i, n. a town in Picenum. Hence, 
Truentinus -a -um, Truentine; Castrum = 
Truentum, ap. Cic. 

trulla -ae, f. (— truella, dim. of trua, a ladle). 
I. a ladle for transferring wine from the bowl to 
the cup, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a pan for carrying 
live coals, Liv. ; 2, a washing-basin, Juv. 

trulleum -i, a. and trulleus -i, m. a basin, 
washing-basin, Varr. 

trunco. 1. (truncus), to sl.orlen by cutting off, 
maim, mutilate; simulacra, stutuas, Liv. 

1. truncus -i, in. the stem or trunk of a tree. 
I. Lit., meton. and fig. A. Lit. and meton., 
1, lit., Cic, Caes. ; trunci induti hostilibus 
armis, i.e., tropaea, Verg.; 2, meton. = Me tree, 
Hor. B. Fig., the stem, the main part; ipso 
trunco (aegritudinis) everso, Cic. II. Transf., 
1, the trunk of the human body, Cic; 2, as a term 
of reproach, blockhead, Cic. 

2. truncus -a -um, maimed, mutilated, cut 
short, dismembered. I. Lit, corpus, Liv. ; 
truncae iuhonesto vulnere nares, Verg. ; frons 
(Acheloi ainnis), deprived of its horns, Ov. ; tela, 
broken off, Verg. ; with genit, animalia trunca 
pedum, witliput feet, Verg. II. Transf., urbs 
trunca, sine senatu, etc., Liv. 

trusatilis -e (truso). of or relating topushina; 
mola, a handmill, Cato. 

truso, 1. (inteus. of trudo), to push violently, 
Cat. 

. trutina -ae, f. (jp-oravq), a balance, pair of 
scabs ; in tig., ad ca probanda, quae non aurificis 
slatcrvi, scd quadani populaii trutiua cxamin- 
atur, Cic. 



trutinor, 1. dep. (trutina), to weigh, Pers. 

trux, trticis (connected with tor-vus), rough, 
savage, fierce, ferocious, grim. I. Of look, oculi, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, of tones, wild, rough; 
cantus, Ov. ; classicum, Hor.; 2, rough; a, 
eurus, Ov. ; pelagus, Hor.; b, harsh, violent; 
orator, Liv.; sententia, Liv.; 3, of character or 
manner, wild, furious, threatening; tribunus 
plebis, Cic. 

tryblium -li, n. (rpv^ov), a dish, Plaut. 

tryginon -i, n. (-rpvyivov), a black pigment 
made from wine-lees, Pliu. 

trygon -onis, m. ( T pvyu>i>), a fish, the sting- 
ray, Pliu. 

tu, prou. pers. (genit. tui, dat. tlbl, aec. te, 
abl. te; plur. noin., vos ; genit., vestrum or 
vostrum and vestri or vostri, dat. vobis, ace. 
vos, abl. vobis), thou; plur., you. I. Gen., Cic; 
strengthened, a, byte, tute, Cic; b, in oblique 
cases by met, vosmet, Liv. II. Esp., A. Used 
in the ethic dat., ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates, 
Cic. B. Often with singular collective names, 
vos, Roinanus exercitus, Liv. ; vos, o Calliope 
(= Muses), Verg. 

tuatim, adv. (tuus), in thine own way, aftct 
thine own fashion, Plaut. 

tuba -ae, f. (connected with tubus), the 
straight war-trumpet of the Romans, used for 
giving military signals. I. A. Lit., tubae sonus, 
Caes. ; cornua ae tubae, Liv. ; tuba signum 
dandum, Caes.; used also in religious festivities, 
games, funeral processions, Hor., Verg., Ov. 
B. Fig. = provoker ; belli civilis tubam quam 
mi appellant, Cic. II. Meton., A. tear. Mart. 
B. lofty epic poetry, Mart. 

1. tuber -oris, n. (tumeo), a swelling, pro- 
tuberance, hump. I. a, lit., cameli, Plin. ; b, 
fig., tubera = great mistakes (opp. verrucae, little 
blunders), Hor. II. Transf., 1, a knot in wood, 
Plin. ; 2, a round, swelling root, Plin. ; 3. o ' 
truffle, Mart.; 4, tuber terrae ; a, the root of the 
cyclamen, Plin.; b, molehill, as a term of abuse, 
Petr. 

2. tuber -Sris, a, m. a kind of apple-tree, 
Plin. ; b, f. the fruit of this tree, Mart. 

tuberciilum -i, n. (dim. of 1. tuber), a little 
swelling, boil, tubercle, Plin. 

tuberosus -a -um (tuber), full of'swellinc3 
or protuberances, Varr. 

tiibicen -liiis, m. (tuba and cano), a trum- 
peter, Liv. 

tubilustrium -li, n. (tuba and lustrum), a 
feast of trumpets held March 23rd and May 23rd, 
plur., Ov. 

tiibulatus -a -um (tubulus), tubular, Pliu. 

tubulus -i, in. (dim. of tubus), a little pipe. 

tilburcinabundus -a -um (tuburcinor), 
eating greedily, gobbling, Cato. 

tuburcinor, 1. dep. to eai greedily, to gobble,. 
Plaut. 

tubus -i, m. a pipe, tube, water-pipe, Plin. 

tuccetum (not tucetum) -i, n. a kind of 
sausage common in Cisalpine Gaul, Pers. 

tudito, 1. (intens. of tudo = tuudo), to strike 
violently, strike often, Lucr. 

tueo, 2. = tueor (q.v.). 

tiieor, tiiitus and tutus sum, tfiSri, 2. dep. to 
look at, behold, regard, see. I. Lit., naturam, 
Cic; poet, with ncut. plur. of adj. used adverb- 
ially, acerba, to look wild, Verg. II. Fig., A. 
to regard; quod ego perinde tucbar, ac si usus' 
essein, Cic. B. to look at with care or for the 
pi^rposc of protection; 1, to care for, y>rotu:t, guard, 
support ; coucordianij Cic. ; dignitatem suara, 



tug 



Cic. ; personam principis civls facile dieendo, 
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to defend, protect (willi .inns); 
flues suoa ab excursiouibus, Cic. ; turrim milit- 
ibus coinplevit tuendamque ad omncs repent- 
inos casus tradidit, Caes. ; b ; with words, etc., 
annis prudentiae causas tuen et defendcre, Cic; 
C, 1. 1. of business, to keep a house in good repair; 
sarta tccta aediuin tueri, Cic. ; d, to keep, sup- 
port, maintain; so, vitam corpusque, Cic; 
sc ac buos, Li v.; sex legiones (re sun), Cic. 

tugiiriurn -li, n. (for teguriuni, from tego), a 
peasant's hut, cottage ; tugurium ut jam videatur 
esse ilia villa, Cic. 

tuitio -Snis, f. (tueor), a protecting, preserv- 
ing ; sui, Cic. 

TulliSla -ae, f. (dim. of Tullia), the pet name 
of Tullia, Cicero's daughter. 

TulllUS -a -urn, the name of a Roman family ; 
1, Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome ; 2, a, 
M. Tullius Cicero, the celebrated Roman orator 
and statesman; b, his daughter, Tullia; c, his 
brother, Qu. Tullius Cicero. Hence, Tulll- 
anus -a -um, Tullian; subst., Tulllanum 
-i, n. the underground part of a Roman state 
prison, said to have been built by Servius Tullius. 

tulo, tftli and tetrlli, 3. to bear, bring, Plaut. 

tum, adv. of time. I. Expressing a point of 
time which coincides with some other, gen., 
then, at that time; quum . . . tum, Cic. ; ubi . . . 
tum, Ter. ; postquam . . . turn, Sail. ; made em- 
phatic by the addition of demuni, Liv., denique, 
Cic, vero, Cic; absol., Cic. II. Expressing a 
point of time which is subsequent to some 
other, then, thereupon; 1, lit., in ripn ambul- 
antes, turn autem residentes, Cic; introducing 
the words of a subsequent speaker, turn Scipio, 
Cic; 2, transf., a, in numeral or logical suc- 
cession, then, aftn-wards, in the next place; gigni 
autem terrain, aquam, ignem, turn ex his omnia, 
Cic; 'primum . . . turn, Cnes. ; primum . . . 
deinde . . . tum . . . tum, Cic; b,as a correl. 
conj., (a) turn . . . tum, at one time . . . at one 
time, Cic ; (fi) quum . . . turn, if . . . then, 
surely; as well . . . as; both . . . and especially ; 
not only . . . but also, Cic, Caes. 

tumSfacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., tumS- 

f lO -factus sum -fieri (tumeo and facio), to cause 
tn swell. I. Lit, huniuni, Ov. ; tumefactus 
pontus, swollen, Ov. II. Fig., to puff vp with 
pride, Prop. 

tumeo, 2. to swell, be swollen, be puffed up. 
I. Lit., corpus omne veneno, Ov. ; vere tument 
terrae, Verg. II. Fig., 1, to swell, glow, boil 
with passion or excitement; a, with anger;] 
sapientis animus nunquam tumet, Cic.; b, with 
pride; laudisamore, Hor.; c, to be in a ferment; 
tument negotia, are in disorder, Cic. ; 2, of dis- 
course, to be pompous, tumid, Tac 

tumesco, ttimtti, 3. (inchoat. of tumeo), to 
begin to swell, to swell. I. Lit., tumescit ■mare, 
Verg. II. Fig., a, to swell with anger; ura 
tumescunt, Ov. ; b, poet., transf., to begin to 
break out ; tumescunt bella, Verg. 

tumlde, adv. (tumidus), pompously, bom- 
bastically, Sen. 

tumidus -a -um (tumeo). I. swollen, puffed 
vp, tumid. A. Lit., uieinbruni, Cic; mare, 
Verg. B. Transf., 1, a, swollen, boiling, raging 
with passion or excitement ; tumida ex ira turn 
cord a residnnt, Verg.; b, swollen, puffed up with 
pride ; tumidus successu, Ov. ; quum tuinidum 
est (cor), puffed up with ambition, Hor. ; 2, of 
discourse, pompous, tumid, bombastic; sermones, 
Hor.; ssmio tumidior, Liv. II. Act. — causing 
to swell; auster, Verg.; euri, Ov. ; fig., honor, 
making vain, Prop. 



592 tun 

tumor -oris, m. (tumeo), a swelling, tumour. 

I. Lit., oculorum, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a swell- 
ing, commotion, excitement of tin- mind ; aniini, 
Cic; esp., a, anger; tumor et ira douni, V. i^.; 
b, pride; intempestivos compesce tumores, Ov.; 
C, ferment, commotion ; rerum, Cic; 2, of dis- 
course, bombast, Quint. 

tumulo, 1. (tumulus), to cover with a mound, 
to bury, Ov. 

tumulosus -a -um (tumulus), /wH of mounds, 
hilly, Sail. 

tumultuarius -a -um (tumultus). I. hastily 
brought together, suddenly levied; miles, Liv. 

II. Transf., that which is done in a hurry or on 
the spur of the. moment, sudden, hasty, disorderly ; 
pugna (opp. justa), Liv. ; opus, Quint. ; dux, 
chosen on the . , of the moment, Liv. ; castra, 

Liv c 

tumu!tuatlO -onis, f. (tumultuor), a confu- 
sion, bitstle, tumult, Liv. 

tumultuor, l. dep. and iirmultuo, 1. 
(tumultus), to be tumultuous, confused, in an up- 
roar, Cic. ; pass, inipers., in castris Romanorum 
praeter consuetudinem tuinultuari, Caes. 

tiimultu6se,adv. (tuinultuosus), con/H.wrf/;/, 
tumultuously ; tumultuose excepta est (res) cla- 
moribus, Liv. ; senatus tumultuosius consulitur, 
Liv. ; lit hominem quam tumultuosissime adori- 
antur, Cic. 

tumultuosus -a -um (tumultus). X. alarmed, 
disquieted, turbulent, tumultuous ; contio, Cic; 
vita, Cic. ; mare, Hor. ; quod tumultuosissi- 
mum pugnae erat paiumper sustinuit, Liv. 
II. causing alarm or confusion ; nuntius, Liv.; 
in otio tumultuosi, restless, Liv. 

tumultus -Us, m. (tumeo), a noise, confusion, 
uproar, bustle, tumult. I. Lit., 1, tantuni tuiuul- 
tum iujicere civitati, Cic. ; tuinultum praebere, 
Liv. ; sedare, Liv. ; 2, esp., a, the sudden breaking 
out of war, insurrection, rebellion ; Italicus, Cic. ; 
GallicusCic, Liv. ; tuinultum decernere, to order 
a levy en masse, Cic ; b, in the air, crash, roar, 
thunder, storm; Juppiter mens tumultu, Hor.; 
C, rumbling in the body, Hor. II. Fig., mental 
disturbance, commotion, excitement; mentis, Hor. 

tumulus -i, m. (tumeo), a mound of earth, 
hill. I. Gen., tumuli silvestres, Cic II. Esp., 
a mound' of earth as a monument for the dead; 
tumulus Achillis, Cic. ; inanis, a cenotaph, Cic. 

tunc, adv., denoting a point, of time which 
corresponds with another. I. Gen., then; tunc 
. . . quum, Cic. II. Esp., a fixed point of past 
time, at that time, then, Cic. 

tundo, tutiidi, tunsuni and ttisum, 3. tobcat, 
strike repeatedly. I. Lit., A. Gen., converse 
bacillo alicui oculos velienientissime, Cic. ; pec- 
tora uianu, Ov. ; tunsae pectora (ace. of respect) 
palinis, Verg. ; prov., tundere eandeni incudem, 
to be always treating of the same subject, Cic. B. 
Esp. to break to pieces in a mortar, Plin. II. 
Transf., to deafen, importune; mires, Plant.; 
assiduis hincatque illinu voeibus heros tunditur, 
Verg. 

Tunes -netis, in. a town on the coast of Africa 
Propria, now Tunis. 

Tungri -r)ram,m. n German people in modem 
Liittich. 

tunica -ae, f. I. the under garment worn by 
both men and women, a tunic, Cic. II. Transf., 
a skin, coating, covering, peel; gemmae tenues 
runipunt tunicas, Verg. 

tiinicatus -a -um (tunica), clothed in a tunic, 
Cic. ; esp., of the poorer classes, who wore only 
a tunic (without a toga over it), tunicatus. 
populus, Tac, or popellus, Hor. Subs*, p'ur., 
tunicati, Cic. 



tun 



593 



Tur 



tunicula (tunlcla) -ae, f. (dim. of tunica). 
X. a little tunic, Cic II. Transf., a little mem- 
brane ; oouloruin, Plin. 
tuor = tueor(q.v.). 

turariUS -a -urn (tus), of or relating to in- 
cense, Plin. 

turba -ae, f. (tv'pj3>j). I. the tumult, uproar, 
disturbance, commotion causedby a crowd oj 'people; 
quanta in turba vivereinus, Cic. ; maximas in 
eastris effecisse turbas dicitur, Cic. II.Meton., 
a disorderly crowd, heap, swarm; 1, a, aliquem 
videre in turba, Cic. ; b, esp. = vul.cus (con- 
temptuously), the mob; admiratio vulgi atque 
turbac, Cic"; 2, of deities, animals, and things, 
Clirysippus magnam congregat turbam ignot- 
oriun deorum, Cic. ; rerum, Ov. 

turbamentum -i, n. (turbo), a means of 
disturbance, Tac. 

turbate, adv. (turbatus), confusedly; agun- 
tiir omnia raptim atque turbate, Caes. 

turbatio -onis, f. (1. turbo), disturbance, dis- 
order, confusion, Liv. 

turbator -oris, m. (1. turbo), a disturber, 
stirrer-up, troubler; plebis, Liv. 

turbatus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. turbo). I. 
disturbed, perturbed, disordered ; mare, Liv. II. 
Transf., a, disquieted, restless, troubled; volun- 
tatcs populi, Cic; b, angered; exasperated; 
Pallas, Verg. 

turbellae -arum, f. (dim. of turba), tumult, 
disorder, confusion, Plaut. 
turben -Inis, n. (2. turbo), a whirlwind, Cat. 
turbide, adv. (turbidus), confusedly, in dis- 
order, Cic. 

turbidus -a -um (turba), confused, disor- 
dered, unquiet, wild. I. Lit., a, of weather, 
tempestas, Cic; b, of water, turbid, troubled; 
aqua, Cic; C, of hair, disordered; coma, Ov. 
II. Transf., 1, mentally disturbed, disordered, 
disquieted; Aruns, Verg.; pectora turbidiora 
mari, Ov. ; turbid um laetari, with confused fear, 
Hor. ; 2, excited, vehement, angry; a, of per- 
sons, sic turbidus inflt, Verg. ; b, of things, 
unquiet, agitated; res, Cic. Subst, turbidum 
-i, ii. a troubled time, disquiet; in turbido, Liv.; 
si turbidiora sapienter ferebas, tranquilliora 
laete feras, Cic ; 3, causing disturbance; homo, 
milites, Tac. 

turbinatio -onis, f. (turbinatus), a pointing 
in the form of a cone, Plin. 

turbinatus -a -um (2. turbo), cone-shaped, 
conical, Plin. 

turbmeus -a -um (2. turbo), shaped like a 
top, Ov. 

1. turbo, 1. (turba), to disturb, throw into dis- 
order or confusion. L Lit, A. Gen., mare, 
aequora, Cic; transf., with Gr. ace, turbatus 
capillos, with disordered hair,Ov. B. Esp., a, 
to bring a mass of men into disorder, to throw into 
disorder ; esp., milit. t.t., ordines, aciempeditum, 
Liv. ; absol. = to cause disorder ; ferae ita ruunt 
atque turbant ut, etc., Cic; milit. t.t. (equites) 
Uiodice primo impetu turoavere, Liv. ; b, to 
trouble water, etc., make turbid; pedibus maui- 
busque laous, Ov. II. Transf., to bring into 
confusion, to disturb. A. Gen., contiones, Liv. ; 
delectuin atque oidinem, Cic. ; ne quid ille 
turbet, vide, Liv. B. Esp., 1, to bring ones 
affairs into confusion, become bankrupt, Juv. ; 2, 
to incite restless, disturb, alarm, confuse ; mentem 
dolore, Verg. ; 3, to cause a political disturbance, 
to unsettle, stir up; Macer in Africa haud dubie 
turbans, Tac. ; impers., si in Hispaniaturbatum 
esset, Cic (archaic fut. perf. pass,, turbassitur, 
ap. Cic). • . •' - 



2. turbo -Inis, in. I. anything that turns 
round in a circle, an eddy.- A. Of the wind, a 
whirlwind, hurricane; 1, lit., a, Cic; b, the 
eddy vwdeby a whirlwind, 'V 'erg. ; 2, tig-, storm ; 
in turbinibus reipublkae, Cic ; mentis turbine 
agar, Ov. ; til procella patriae, turbo ac tem- 
pestas pacis atque otii, Cic B. a top, a 'play- 
thing for boys; 1, lit, Cic; 2, transf., an ob- 
ject of the shape of atop; turbine crescit (bucina) 
ab imo, in a circular form, Ov. ; esp., a, a reel, 
Hor. ; b, a spindle, Cat. II. motion in the shape 
of an eddy ; of smoke, Verg. ; circular course of 
a missile ; celeri ad terrain turbine fertur, Verg. ; 
fig., non niodo militias turbine factus eques, 
by going through the different grades, Ov. 

turbulente and turbiilentor, adv. with 
compar. and superl. (turbulentus), turbuloUly, 
tumultously; nos nihil turbulenter, nihil temere 
faciamus, Cic; egitdeCaepioneturbulentius.Cic. 

turbulentus -a -um (turba), restless, stormy, 
boisterous. I. Lit, tempestas, Cic ; concursio, 
Cic. II. Fig., A. Pass. = stormy, disturbed; 
respublica, Cic; animus, Cic. B. Fig., a, 
causing disturbance, restless; civis, Cic. ; b, coii- 
fusing ; errores, Cic. 

turda, v. turdus. 

turdarium -ii, n. (turdus), a place where 
thrushes are kept, Varr. 

Turdetani -Ornm, m. a people in Hispania 
Bactica, near modern Seville. Hence, Turde- 
tania-ae, f. the country of the Turdetani. 

Turduli -orum, m. a people in Hispanin 
Baetica. Hence, TurdiilU8-a -um, Turdul.ian. 

turdus -i. m. andturda -ae, f. I. a thrush, 
Hor. II. a kind offish, Plin. 

tureus -a -um (tus), of or relating to incense; 
dona, Verg. 

turgeo, 2. I. to swell up, be swollen ; frumenta 
turgent, Verg. II. Fig., of discourse, to be 
pompous, turgid; professus grandia turget, Hor. 

turgesco (inchoat. of turgeo), 3. to begin 
to swell, swell up. I. Lit, semen turgescit m 
agris, Ov. II. Transf., to swell, be excited with 
passion ; sapieutis animus nunquani turgescit, 
Cic 

turgidulus -a -um (dim. of turgidus), some- 
wlmt swollen; flendo turgiduli ocelli, Cat. 

turgidus -a -um (turgeo), sv:ollen, turgid. 
I. Lit, membrum, Cic. II. Fig., turgid, bom- 
bastic ; Alpinus (a poet), Hor. 

Turia -ae, f. a river in Hispania Tarracon- 
ensis, now Gnadalaviar. Hence, Turlensis -e, 
Turian; proelium (in the Sertonan war), Cic. , 

turlbiilum -i, n. (tus), a censer for burning 
incensCj Cic. 



turicremus -a -um (tus and cremo), burn- 
ing with incense ; arae, Verg. 

turlfer -f8ra -fe>um (tus and fero), producing 
incense ; Indus, Ov. 

turflegus -a -um (tus and lego), collecting in- 
cense, Ov. 

turma -ae, f. (connected with turba). I. o 
troop of cavalry containing thirty men, the tenth 
vart ot an ala, a squadron, Cic. II. Transf., a 
troop, throng; in turma inaurataruin equestrinm 
(sc stetuarum), Cic; Gallica (of the rriests of, 
Isis), Ov. 

turmalis -e (turma), of or relating to a 
troop or sipuidron. Subst, turmales -luni, 
in. the men of a squadmn, Liv. 

turmatlm, adv. (turma), troop by troop, in 
troops, Caes., Sail. - •* 

Turnus -i, m, king of the Rutuli, killed 6j 
Aeneas. • ; - ' - ; - -' — — - • 



Tur 



594 



Tyb 



Tiirones -urn, in. and Tiironi -oruni, m. 
a people in Gallia Lugdunensis, near modern 
Tours. 

turplculus -a -um (dim. of turpis), sow- 
wliat ugly or deformed. I. Lit., nasus, Cat. II. 
Fig., res turpiculae et quasi deformes, Cic. 

' turpif icatus -a -um (turpis and facio), made 
foul, corrupted; animus, Cic. 

turijilucricupldus -a -um (= turpis lucrl 
cupidus) = alcrxpoKep8rjs, greedy after base gain, 
Plant 

turpis -e, ugly, foul, unsightly, filthy. I. 
Lit., aspectus, Cic. ; turpia membra flmo, 
Verg. ; pes, Hor. II. Fig., in a moral sense, 
disgraceful, shameful, base, dishonourable, in- 
famous ; fuga, Cic. ; quid turpius ? Cic. ; homo 
turpissimus, Cic. ; with 2. supine, turpe factu, 
Cic. Subst, turpe -is, n. a disgrace; habere 
quaestui rempublicam turpe est, Cic. 

turpiter, adv. (turpis), foully, in an ugly, 
unsightly manner. I. Lit., claudicare, Ov. ; de- 
sinere iu piscem, Hor. II. Fig., disgracefully, 
scandalously, basely, dishonourably, infamously; 
facere, Cic; fugere, Caes.; turpius ejicitur, quam 
non admittitur hospes, Ov. ; in deorum opinione 
turpissiine labitur, Cic. 

" turpftudo -Inis, f. (turpis), ugliness, un- 
sightliness. I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., turpitude, 
iaseness, disgrace, infamy, dishonour ; niaxiinam 
turpitudinem suscipere vitae cupiditate, Cic. ■ 
nulla conditione banc turpitudinem subire, 
Gic. ; plur., flagitiorum ac turpitudinutn societas, 
Cio. 

turpo, 1. (turpis), to make ugly, befoul, defile. 
I. Lit., capillos sanguine, Verg. II. Fig., to 
disgrace, dishonour; oruamenta, Cic; castra 
urbanae seditionis contagione, Liv. 

.. turricula -ae, f. (dim. of turris), a little 
tower, turret; transf., a dice-box, Mart. 

tui'riger -gSra -gSrum (turris and gero), 
tower -bearing ; urbes, Verg.; hence au epithet 
Qf Cybele, who was represented with a crown 
of towers (the earth with its towers personified); 
Cybele, Ov. ; dea, Cybele, Ov. ; Ops, Ov. 

turris -is, f. (nippi?, rvprni), a tower. A. Gen., 
Cic. B. Esp., 1, in war, a tower with which walls 
and camps were strengthened; -turris latericia, 
Caes. ; or, a tower of wood for attacking towns, 
Cic. ; or, a tower full of armed soldiers, borne by 
elephants, Liv. ; 2, a dove-cote, Ov. 

■ turritus -a -um (turris). I. furnished with 
towers ; moenia, Ov. ; turrita, as an epithet of 
Cybele, Prop. ; Berecyntia mater, Verg. II. 
Poet, transf., tower-like, towering high; scopuli, 
Verg. 

tursio -Onis, m. a species of dolphin or por- 
poise, Plin. 

turtur -uris, m. a turtle-dove, Verg. 

turturilla -ae, f. (dim. of turtur), a little 
turtle-dove, Sen. 

turunda -ae, f. (perhaps = terenda, from 
£ero). X. a pellet for fattening poultry, Varr. II. 
a roll of lint, Cato. 

tus (thus), turis, n. (fluos), incense, frank- 
incense; tus incendere, Cic. 

Tusci -5rum, m. the Tuscans, Etruscans, in- 
habita\!s of Etruria. Hence, adj., TuSCUS 
ra-um, Etruscan; amnis, the Tiber, Verg.; dux, 
Mezentius, Ov. ; eques, Maecenas, Verg. ; vicus, 
a street in Borne, Liv. ; semeD, spelt, Ov. 
• Tusculanus, v. Tuscuuun. 

1. tusculum -i, n. (dim. of tus), a little in- 
txnse, Plaut. 

2. Tusculum -i, ii. an old low\ in L^iium, 



now Frascati. Hence, A. Tusciilus -a -um, 
Tusadan. B. Tusculanus -a -um, Tuscu- 
Ian; plur. subst., Tusculani -drum, m. the 
inhabitants of Tusculum. Tusculanum -i, n. 
(sc. rus or praedium), an estate of Cicero's near 
Tuscuhim. 
tussllago -Inis, f. the plant coltsfoot, Plin. 

tussio, 4. (tussis), to have a cough, to cough; 
male, Hor. 

tussis -is, ace. -im, f. a cough, Verg. 

tutamen -inis, n. (tutor), a defence, protec- 
tion, Verg. 

tutamentum -i, n. (tutor), defence, protec- 
tion, Liv. 

tute, adv. (tutus), safely, securely; in vadis 
consistere tutius, Caes. 

tutela -ae, f. (tueor). I. protection, guard, 
charge. A. Gen., 1, lit., tutelam januae gerere, 
Plaut. ; cuius in tutela Athenas esse volueruut, 
Cic; 2, meton., a, act., protector, guardian; 
templi, Ov. ; b, pass., the person or thing pro- 
tected ; virginum priiuaepuerique clans patribus 
orti, Deliae tutela deae, Hor. B. Esp., a, guard- 
ianship, tutelage; in alicuius tutelam veuire, 
Cic; judicium tutelae, Cic; b, the property of ths 
ward; legitima, Cic. II. a keeping, care, man- 
agement; villaruni, Plin. 

tutelarius -Ii, m. (tutela), a keeper ; tute- 
larii, the keepers of a temple, Plin. 

tuticus, v. meddix. 

tuto, adv. (tutus), safely, securely ; esse, Cic; 
dimicare, Caes. ; with ab and the abl., ab in- 
cursu, Caes.; superl., tutissimo, at the safest; 
non quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem, Cic. 

1. tutor -Oris, m. (for tuitor, from tueor). I, 
a protector ; iinium, Hor. ; religionum, Cic. II. 
the guardian of a woman, a minor, or imbecile 
person; a, lit., aliquein tutoiem institueie, Cic; 
tutorem esse alicuius or alicui, Cic; b, tig., 
eloqutntiae quasi tutoies, Cic. 

2. tuto, 1. and tutor, 1. dep. (Intens. of 
tueor). I. to protect, preserve, watch, keep; 
domum, Verg. ; oculos ab inferiore parte, Cic. ; 
urbem muris, Liv. ; se adversus injusta anna, 
Liv. II. to ward off; pericula, Sail. ; inopiain, 
Caes. 

tutulus -i, m. a particular mode of dressing 
the hair, by gathering it into a high knot at the 
back of the head; esp. used by the flamen and 
his wife, Varr. 

tutUS -a -um, p. adj. (from tueor). I. safe, 
secure, out of danger ; res, Cic. ; tutiorem vitam 
honiinum reddere, Cic. ; medio tutissimus ibis, 
Ov. ; tutus ab hostibus, Caes. ; subst., tutu fa 
-i, n. a safe place, safety ; esse in tuto, Cic. ; ali- 
quein (aliquid) in tuto collocaro ; tutum est, 
with infin., Caes. II. watchful, cautious; con- 
silia, Liv. 

tiiue -a -um, pron. poss. (tu), thy, thine. I. 
Subject., A. Gen., tua bona, Cic; subst, tui, 
thy 'friends, people, party, Cic. ; tuum est, it is 
thy custom, it is thy duty, Plaut., Ter. B. 
favourable to thee; tempore tuo pugnasti, Liv. 
II. Object. = to thee, towards thee; desiderio tuo, 
for you, Cic. 

tuxtax, whack, whack, onoraatop. imitation 
of the sound of blows, Plaut. 

Tyana -Orum, n. (Tvava), a town in Cappa- 
decia, at the foot of Mount Taurus. Hence, 
T^aneius -a -um, of or belonging to Tyana. 

Tyba -ae, f. a town on. the borders of Syria, 
now Taibe. 

Tybris = Tiberis (q.v.). 

Tybur - Tibur (q.v.). 



Tyo 



595 



ubi 



Tycha -ae, f. (Tvx»i), a part of the town of 
Syracuse, in Sicily, with a temple to Fortune, 
wlw.ee the name. 

Tychius -li, m. (Tvx'os). a celebrated Boeotian 
worker in leather. 

Tydeols -8i and -Sos, in. (TvSeu's), son of 
Oeneus, father of Diomedes. Hence, Tydldes 
•ae, m. (Tv<5ei'5rjs), tliesonofTydeus,i.e., Diomedes. 

tympanltlcus -i, m. (TvunaviTucos), one who 
has the dropsy, Plin. 

tympanium -ii, n. (Tv^ndviov), a drum- 
shaped pearl, Plin. 

tympanizo, 1. (ivniruvi^), to play the tam- 
bourine or kettle-drum, Suet. 

tympanotrlba -ae, m. (Tvp.7ravoTpi'/3t)s), a 
tambourine-player, Plaut. 

tympanum -i, n. (Tvp.n-ai«>i<), a tambourine, 
kettle-drum (esp. used by the priests of Cybele). 
I. Lit , Vera, II. Transf., a drum or wheel for 
raising weights, Verg., Lucr. 

Tyndareus -§i, in. (Tw&apfos), king of 
Sparta, husband of Leda, father of Castor and 
Pollux, Helen and Clytemnestra. Hence, A. 
Subst., Tyndarldes -ae, m. a male descendant 
of Tyndareus ; Tyndaridae, Castor and Pollux, 
Cic B. Tyndaris -idis, f. a female descendant 
of Tyndareus, Helen, Verg. , Ov., Clytemnestra, Ov. 

1. Tyndaris, v. Tyndareus. 

. 2. Tyndaris -idis, f. (Jw&apls), a town on 
t)ie north coast of Sicily, possessing a celebrated 
statue of Mercury, which was taken by the Cartha- 
ginians and restored by Scipio Africanus the 
Younger. Hence, Tyndaritanus -a -urn, of 
Tyndaris. 

. Tynes -etis, m. (Tvit)s), a town in Zengitana, 
now Tunis. 

' Typhoeus -eos, m. (Tv#coev's), a giant who 
tried to force Jupiter from heaven, and was 
for punishment buried beneath Aetna. Henee, 

A. Typhqius -a -tun, of ox belonging to Typhoeus. 

B. Typhois -Idos, of or belonging to Typhoeus; 
Aetna, Ov. 

' 1. Typhon -Onis, m. (Tv<t><ov), another name 
of the giant Typhoeus. 

2. typhon -onis, m. (rv<pu>v), a whirlwind, 
hurricane, typhoon, Plin. 

typus -i, m. (tvito5), a figure on a wall, Cic. 

tyrannlce, adv. (tyrannicus), tyrannically, 
despotic dly ; ea quae regie sen potius tyrannice 
statuit in aratores, Cic. 

. tyrannicida -ae, c. (tyrannus and caedo), 
the slayer of a tyrant, a tyrannicide, Plin. 

tyrannicidium -H, n. (tyrannicida), the 
slaying of a tyrant, Sen. 

• tyrannicus -a -urn (rupavvticot), tyrannical ; 
leges, facinus, Cic. 

Tyrannio -onis, m. a Greek grammarian and 
geographer, who came to Rome as a captive in the 
Mithridatic War, and taught the children and 
arranged the library of Cicero. 

tyrannis -idis, f. (rvpawis), the supremacy of 
a tyrant, tyranny; vivit tyrannis, tyrannus 
oceidit, Cic. ; tyrauuidem delere, Cio. 

tyrannoctonus -i, m. (■mpai'j'OKToVos). the 
slayer of a tyrant, Cic. 

tyrannus -i, m. (rvpawos, Dor. for Koipavoi), 
lord, master. L Gen., an absolute ruler, 
prince, lord ; of Aeneas, Verg. ; Phrygius, Lao- 
medon, Ov. ; of Neptune, as ruler of the sea, 
Ov. II. Esp., of one who in a free state gains 
supremo power and overthrows the constitution 
Of the state, a usurper, despot , tyrant; clemens 
tyrannus, Cic. 



Tyras -ae, m. (Tu'pa?). a river in Sarmatia, 
now the Dniester. 

tyrianthina -Oram, u. (rvpia.v8ivo<;), violet- 
coloured garments, Mart. 

Tyrius, v. Tyros. 

tyrotarichum -i, m. (™porapixos), a dish 
of cheese and salt-fish, Cic. 

Tyrrheni -dram, m. (Tvppnvot.), tlie Etrus- 
cans, the people who inhabited the country north 
of Latium. Hence, A. Tyrrhenia -ae, f. 
Etiuria. B. Tyrrhenus -a -am, Etruscan; 
corpora, the sailors whom Bacchtts turned into 
dolphins, Ov. ; so inonstra, Ov. ; rex, Mezentius, 
Ov. ; mare, aequor, the part of the Mediterra- 
nean between Italy and Corsica and Sardinia, 
Verg., Liv. ; subst., Tyrrhenus -i, m. an 
Etruscan. 

Tyrrhidae -arum, m, the sons of Tyrrhus, 
the lierdsmen of king I.atinus. 

Tyrus (-6s) -i, f. (Tvpos), Tyre, a city of 
Phoenicia, famous for its purple; hence, adj., 
Tyrius -a -urn, a, Tyrian; puella, Europa, 
daughter of the Tyrian king Agenor, Ov.; subst., 
Tyrli -orum, m. the inhabitants of Tyre; b, 
metou. = purple ; vestes, Hor. ; colores, Or. ; 
C, transf. = Carthaginian ; urbs, Carthage, 
Verg.; subst., Tyrii -orum, m. the Tyrians. 



u. 

Uu, originally written V, v, the 20th letter of 
the Latin alphabet, corresponds with the 
Greek upsilon (V, v). ' It is frequently inter- 
changed with i, as optimus, opttunus, satira, 
satura, etc. 

1. Uber -Sris, n. (outJap). I. an udder, pap, 
teat, breast ; ubera praebere, Ov. ; adniovere, 
Verg. II. Transf., a, richness, abundance, fer- 
tility ; fertilis ubere ager, Ov. ; b, poet.i a 
fruitful field, Verg. 

2. uber -6iis ; r ich, abounding in anything, 
fertile, fruitful, productive, abundant, copious. 
I. Lit., a, seges spicis uberibus, Lucr. ; uberior 
solito (of a river), fuller than usual, Ov. ; arbor 
niveis uberrima pomis, Ov. ; b,full of matter ; 
uberiores litterae, Cic. II. Fig., quis uberior 
in dieendo Platoue ? Cic. ; uberrima suppliciti- 
onibus triumphisque provincia, Cic. ; ubeniiuue 
artes, Cic. 

uberms, superl., uberrime.adv. (2. uber). 
I. more abundantly, more copiously ; provenit 
seges, Ov. II. Fig., more copiously, more at 
length; disputare, Cic. 

ubertas -atis, f. (2. uber), fruitfidness, fer- 
tility, copiousness, abundance. I. Subject., pro- 
ductiveness ; a, lit., agrorum, Cic; b, fig., 
utilitatis, Cic. II. Object., abundance, plenty; 
a. lit., frugum, Cic. ; b, fig., improborum, Cic; 
plur., ubertates virtutis et copiae, Cic. 

ubertlm, adv. (2. uber), abundantly, copious- 
ly; fundere lacrimas, Cat. 

uberto, 1. (ubertas), to make fruitful, Plin. 

ubi (old archaic form cubi), where. I. Lit., 
a, omnes, qui turn eos agros, ubi hodie est haec 
urbs, incolebant, Cic. ; ubi tyrannus est, ibi, 
etc., Cic. ; with particle nam, in qua non video 
ubinam mens constans et vita beata possit insis- 
tere, Cic; with genit, terrarum, loci, e.g., quid 
ageres, ubi terrarum esses, Cic. ; b, in direct 
questions, where.? ubi sunt qui Antowuvn Graces 



ubi 



596 



ult 



negant scire? Cic. II. Trnnsf., A. Of time, 
whin, as soon as ; quern ubi vidi, equidem vim 
lacriniarum profudf. Cic; ubi do eius adventu 
Helvetii certiores facti sunt, lpgatos ad eum 
mittunt, Caes. ; with primum, at hostes, ubi 
priinuni nostros equites conspexerunt, Caes. 
B. wlierein, whereby, in which, by which, etc.; 
est, ubi id isto modo valeat, Cic. C. ubi ubi 
=-■ ubicumque, wherever ; facile ubi ubi essent se 
conversuros aciem, Liv. 

ubioumquS (tibicunquet, adv. wherever, 
ivheresoettr, I. Relat., ubicumque erimus, Cic; 
with gdiit., ubicumque gentium or terraruni, 
Cic. II. Indef., anywhere, everywhere; malum 
est ubicumque, Hor. 

Ubii -drum, m. a German people who, in 
Caesar's time, dwelt on the east bank of the Rhine 
near Cologne. Adj., UblUS -a -um, Ubian. 

iibllibet, adv. anywhere you please, every- 
where, Sen. 
, ubinam, v. ubi. 

ubiquaque (sc. parte), wherever, Ov.- 

ubique, adv. wherever, wheresoever, every- 
v>here ; omnes qui ubique sunt, or sunt nati, all 
in the world, Cic. 

ubivis, wherercr you will, anywhere, every- 
where, Cic. 

tJCtilegdn -onis, m. name, of a. Trojan; jam 
proximus ardet Ucalegon, the house of Ucalegnn, 
Verg. 

udo -onis, m. a fur shoe or sock, Mart. 

udus -a -um (contr. from uvidus). I. Lit., 
wet, moist; paludes, Ov. ; oculi, tearful, Ov. ; 
aleator, drunken, Hor. II. Transf., soft, bending, 
yielding; argilla, Hor. 

Ufens -tis, m. I. a small river in Latium; 
hence, tJfentmus a -uui, Ufentine. II. a 
commander of the Acqui. 

ulceratlo -Cinis, f. (ulcero), a sore, ulcer, 
ulceration, Plin. 

ulcero, 1. (ulcus), to make sore, to ulcerate. 
I. Lit., mantics cui hunbos onere ulceret.Hor. ; 
noinlum ulcerato Pbilocteta. morsu serpentis, 
Cic. II. Fig., jecur, to wound the heart, Hor. 

ulcerosus -a -unj (ulcus), full of sores, ulcer- 
ated, ulcerous. I. a, lit., facies, Inc.; b, tra;': . , 
of trees, full of knots. II. Fig., jecur, wounded 
by love, Hor. 

ulciscor, ultna sum, ulcisci, 3. dep. I. to take 
vengeance for some oik 1 , to avenge ; patrem, Cic. ; 
se, Cic. II. to take vengeance on some one, to 
punish; a, with ace. of person, aliquem, Cic, 
Caes. ; b, with ace. of thing, scelns, Cic. ; in- 
jnriaiii, Cic. (ulcisci, ultus, pass., quidquid sine 
sanguine civium ulcisci nequitur, Sail. ; quae 
defundi repetique et ulcisci fas sit, Liv.). 

ulcus -fris, n. (fAxot), a sore, ulcer, I. a, 
lit., Verg. ; b, transf., tin excrescence on trees, 
Plin. II. Fig., ulcus (of love) eiiim viveseit et 
inveterascit alendo, Lucr. ; quidquid horum 
attigeris, ulcus est, Cic. 

uleusculum -i, n. (dim. of ulcus), a little 
•ulcer, Sen. 

ulox -Icis, m. a shrub resembling rosemary, 
Plin. 

Uliglndsus -a -um (uligo), wet, damp, moist, 
marshy, Varr. 

ullgo -Inis, f. (for uviligo, from *uveo), 
moisture of the soil, wetness of the earth ; uligines 
pallidum, Tac. 

Ullxes -is, m. Latin name (after Etruscan 
Ulnxe or Sicilian OvAif >u) for 'OJv.T-reus, son of 
Laertes, husband of Penelope, father of Tclemachns, 
king of Ithaca, famed, for his cunning and for his 



wanderings after the siege of Troy (genit., Ulix<5i, 
Hor., Ov. ; ace, Ulixen, Hor., Ov.). 

UllUS -a -um, genit. ullius, dat. ulli (dim. of 
unus, for unulus), any, gen. used in negative 
and hypothetical .sentences. I. Adj., sine ulla 
dubitatione, Cic; neque ullam in partem dis- 
pnto, for or against, Cic. ; neque ullam picturam 
fuisse, quin eonquisicrit, Cic. II. Subst., a, 
m. any one, Cic; h ? n. anything; nemo ullius 
llisi fugae nienior, Liv. (ullius, Cat., Verg., Ov.). 

ulmarium -li, n. (ulmus), a nursery or plan- 
tation of elms, Plin. 

Ulmeus -a -um (ulmus), of or relating to the 
elm, made of elm-wood , Plant. 

ulmitriba -ae, m. (ulmus and rpipu>, tero), 
lit., an elm-rubber ; in jest, one who has often been 
beaten with elm-rods, Plaut. 

ulmus -i, f. the elm, Verg. 

Ulna -ae, f. (uAeVi)), the elbow. I. 1, lit., 
Plin. ; 2, metou., the arm ; ulnis aliquem tollere, 
Ov. II. Transf., a, as a measure of length, an, 
ell, Verg. ; b, as much as a man can span with 
both arms, Plin. 

ulpicum -i, n. a kind of leek, Cato. 

uls (archaic ouls) and ultis, on the other side 
of, beyond, Varr. 

ulter -tra -train, compar., ulterior ; 
superl., ultimus. I. Posit., ulter -tea -trum, 

not found except in the adverbial forms ultra, 
ultro. II. Compar., ulterior -ius, genit. -oris, 
on the other side, further, beyond, ulterior. A. 
Lit., Gallia, Gaul onthe other, i.e., the north side 
of the Alps, Cic; equitatus, placed at a greater 
distance, Caes. B. Transf., a, distant, past, 
farther ; ulteriora mirari, Tac. ; ulterioia pudct 
docuisse, Ov. ; b, farther, wvrse ; quo quid 
ulterius privato timendum foret? Liv. III. 
Superl., ultimus -a -um, the most, distant, 
furthest, extremist, last. A. Lit., of space, 1, 
luna, quae ultima a caelo est, Cic; subst., a, m., 
recessum prirni ultimis lion dabant, Caes. ; b, 
n., caelum, quod extremum atqne ultimum mundi 
est, Cic. ; ultima signant, the goal, Verg. ; 2, 
partitive for ultima pars, in ultimam provinciam, 
into the most distant part, of the province, Cic. B. 
Transf., 1, in time or succession, the most 
'. ' .-font, remotest, the last, final; tempus, anti- 
■ ;iiitas, Cic; principium, Cic; lapis, o grave- 
stone, Prop. ; adv., ad ultimum. to the last, Liv. ; 
or (oftener), lastly, finally, Liv.; ultimum, for 
the lust ti>ne, Liv. ; 2, in rank or degree ; a, the 
highest, greatest ; natdra, Cic. ; suppjiciuin, capi- 
tal punishment., Caes.; subst., ultimum -i, n. 
the greatest, the extremest, and, in a bad sense, 
the worst; ultima audere, Liv.; ultimum bon- 
orum, the highest good, Cic; adv., ad ultimum, 
utterly, entirely ; ad ultimum demens, Liv.; b, 
the meanest, lowest; laus, Hor.; subst., (a) in., 
in ultimis militum, Liv.; (fi) n., in ultimis 
laudum esse, Liv. 

ulterius. I. Neut. of ulterior, v. ulter. II. 
Adv., v. ultra. 

ultimus, v. ulter. 

ultlO -flnis, f. (ulciscor), an avenging, punish- 
ing, revenging, revenge ; ultionem petere, Liv. ; 
with object, genit., viola tae per vim pudicitiae, 
Liv. 

ultis = uls Cq.V.). 

ultor-oris, m. (ulciscor), a it avenger, punisher; 
injuriarum, Cic; attrib., deus ultor = Anteros, 
Ov. ; as a surname of Mars, Ov. 

ultra, sc. parte (from ulter). I. Adv., 
posit., on the other side of; 1, lit., cis Padum 
ultraque, Liv.; 2, transf., of that which is 
beyond a certain limit, beyond, further; a, in 
space, (u) lit., ultra neque curae neque gaudio 



ult 



697 



unc 



locum esse, Sail. ; (fi) flg., farther, beyotid ; estne 
Illiquid ultra, quo progredi erudelitas possit? 
Cic; foil, by quaui, quod ultra quain satis est, 
Cic; b, of time, farther; nee ultra bellum 
dilatum est, Li v. ; compar., ulterius, further ; 
(a) lit, ulterius abit, Ov. ; (0) tig., ulterius ne 
tende odiis, Verg. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of 
space, beyond, on the further siiie of; ultra 
Silianam villain, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, of time, 
beyond ; ultra biennium, Tac. ; b, of number or 
measure, beyond, more than; modum, queni 
ultra progredi non oportet, Cic; ultra vires, 
Verg. (ultra sometimes put after its case, quern 
ultra, Cic). 

ultrix -Icis, f. (ultor), avenging; Dirae, the 
Furies, Verg. 

ultro (sc. loco, from ulter), adv. on the other 
side. I. Lit., on the other side, beyond; gen., 
with citro, up and down, on both sides ; ultro et 
citro cursare, Cic. IL Transf., a, away, off; 
ultro istum a me ! Plaut. ; b, besides, moreover ; 
ultroquc iis sumptum intulit, Cic. ; c, of one's 
own accord, spontaneously, voluntarily ; ultro se 
offerre, Cic ; improbos ultro lacessere, Cic. ; 
hence, ultro tributa, money which the treasury 
had to expend every year on jntblic buildings, Liv. 

ultroneus -a -urn (ultro), of one's own accord, 
voluntarily, Sen. 

ultrotributa, v. ultro. 

Ulubrae -arum, a place in Latium, near the 
Pontine Marshes. Hence, Ulubranus -a -um, 
Ulubran. 

ulula -ae, f. (lit., the screeching one (fin. avis), 
from ululo), a screech-owl, Verg. 

ulfilatus -ils, m. (ululo), a howling, wailing, 
shrieking, yelling ; ululatus nocturni, Liv. 

Ululo, 1. (connected with b\o\v£io). I. In- 
transit., to howl, yell; a, lit., of living beings, 
Tisiplione ululavit, Ov. ; ululanti voce, Cic. ; b, 
transf., of places, to re-sound with hoivling ; cavae 
plangorinus aedes femineis ululant, Verg. II. 
Transit., to call upon with howling ; nocturnis 
Hecate triviis ululata per urbem, Verg. 

Ulva -ae, f. sedge, Verg. 

Ulysses = Ullxes (q.v.). 

umbella -ae, f. (dim. of umbra), a parasol, 
Juv. 

Umber, v. Umbri. 

umbilicatus -a -um (umbilicus), shaped 
like a navel, Plin. 

umbilicus -i, m. (o^oAik), the navel. I. 
Lit., Liv., Ov. II. Meton., the middle, centre of 
anything; 1, gen., Siciliae, Cic; terrarum, 
Delphi, Cic ; 2, esp., a, the end of a roller on 
■which a MSI. was rolled, Cat. ; fig., inceptos 
iambos ad umbiliciini adducere, bring to the end, 
Hor. ; b, transf., the index of a sun-dial, Cic. ; 
C, a kind of sea-snail, Cic. 

umbo -onis, in. (a^uv). I. the boss in the 
centre of a shield; summus clipei umbo, Verg.; 
hence, inaton., a shield; saliguae nmbonum 
crates, Verg. II. the elbow, Mart. III. the full 
part or swelling of a garment; meton., a toga, 
Pers. 

umbra -ae, f. a shade, shadow. I. A. Lit., 
arboris, Cic; prow, umbras timere, tobefrightened 
at shadows, Cic. B. Transf., shade; a, protection, 
help ; auxilii, Liv. ; sub umbra Romanae amici- 
tiae latere, Cic. ; b, idleness, pleasant rest ; 
Veneris cessamus in umbra, Ov. ; cedat umbra 
soli, Cic. ; c, appearance (as opposed to reality), 
shadow, semblance; gloriae, Cic IT. A. Transf., 
l,a shade, shadow in painting; transf., in dis- 
course, Cic ; 2, the shadoiv = that which accom- 
panies ; luxuriae, Cic. ; an uninvited guest, 



brought by one who has been invited (o-xta), 
Hor. B. .Meton., 1, that whiclt, is shady ; a, as 
trees, houses, etc., umbras falce premere, Verg.; 
inducite montibus umbras (i.e., arbores), Verg. ; 
b, any shady place; Poinpe.ja, Ov. ; tonsoris, 
barber's shop, Hor. ; 2, the shade of a dead 
person, ghost ; tricorpor, Verg. ; plur., umbrae, 
Verg. ; 3, a Jlsh, llie grayling, Ov. 

umbraculum -i, n. (umbra). I. a shady 
place, arbour, Verg. ; in plur., a quiet place\a.3 
opp. to public life); Theophrasti,Cic.;doctrinam 
ex uuibraculis eruditoruni (schools) otioque' in 
solem produxerat, Cic. IL a parasol, Ov. 

umbraticola -ae, m. (umbra and colo), a 
lounger in the shade, Plaut. 

umbratlcus -a -um (umbra), belonging^to 
the shade ; homo, an idler, lounger, Plaut. 

umbratilis -e (umbra), remaining in the 
shade. I. retired, contemplative ; vita, Cic II. 
Of discourse, in the schools, rhetorical (opp. to 
public, political), domestica exercitatio et um- 
bratilis, Cic; oratio, only meant for perused , not 
for speaking, Cic. 

Umbri -<3rum, in. a people in Italy between 
the Padus, the Tiber, and the Adriatic Sea, who in 
later times descended farther into Italy, and in- 
habited a country betiveen the Rubicon, the War, 
and Hie '1 iom . Hence, A. Umber -bia -brum, 
Umbrian ; subst., Umber -bri„in. ait Umbrian. 
B. Umbria -ae, f. Umbria, the country of the 
Umbri. 

umbrlfe'r -fSra -ferum (umbra and fero), 
shady, umbrageous ; nemus, Verg.; platanus, Cic 
umbro, 1. (umbra), to cover with shade, shade, 
overshadow; uinbrata tempora quercn, Verg. 

umbrosus -a -um (umbra), shculy, umbra- 
geous. I. Pass., sliaded; rlpa, Cic; locus um- 
brosior, Cic II. Act, affording shade; cacu- 
mina, Verg. ; salix, Ov. 
umecto = liumecto (q.v.) 
umerus = humerus (q.v.). 
umesco, umidus = humesco,humidus (q.v.). 
umor — humor (q.v.). 
umquam (unquam), adv. (orig. cum- 
quain), at any time, ever (used chiefly in nega- 
tive, interrog., and conditional sentences), Cic. ; 
non umquam, Liv. ; haud umquam, Verg. ; si 
umquam, Liv. 

una, adv. (unus), at the same j>Znc«, at the 
same time, together ; a, absol.,qui una veneraDt, 
Cic. ; b, with cum and the abl., amores una 
cum praetexta ponere, Cic. 
unanimans = unanimus (q.v.). 
unanimitas -atis, f. (unaniums), concord, 
■unanimity, Liv. 

unanimus -a -um (unus and animus), of one 
mind, concordant, agreeing, ■unanimous; sodales, 
Cat. ; fratres, Verg. 

uncia -ae, f. (Sicilian oJvia'a, from unus). an 
ounce, the twelfth part of any whole. I. Lit., 1, as 
a coin, one-twelfth of an as, Varr. ; 2, as a weight 
or measure, a, an ounce, ont-lweijth of a pound, 
Plaut. ; b, as a measure, one-twelfth of a foot, an 
inch, Plin. ; 3, In inheritances, a twelfth part ; 
Caesar e.c uncia, heir to one-twelfth, Cic. II. 
Transf., a trifle, bit; ebons, Juv. 

uncialis -e (uncia), of or relating to a twelfth 
part ; asses, weighing an ounce each, Plin. 

unciarius -a -um (uncia), of or relating to a 
twelfth part; fenus, one-twelfth of the capital 
yearly, i.e., S\ ;*r cent, for the year often months, 
10 per cent, for the year of twelve months, Tac. 

unciatim. adv. (uncia), by ounces, Pliu.; 
Transf., little by little, Ter. 



une 



598 



Ullg 



UncinatuS -a -um (uncinus), shaped like a 
hook, hooked ; uncinata corpora, Cic. 

unclola -ae, f. (dim. of uncia), a Utile ounce, 
a little twelfth part (of an inheritance), Juv. 

unctlo -onis, f. (ungo). I, an anointing, 
Plaut. ; philosophum unctionis causa" relique- 
runt, to wrestle in the palaestra, Cic. II. Meton., 
ointment, salve, Plin. 

unctlto, 1. (intens. of ungo), to salve, anoint, 
Plaut. 

unctiusculus -a -tun (dim. of unctus), some- 
what unctuous, Plaat. 

unctor -Oris, m. (ungo), an anointer, Cic. 

unctorlum -Ii, n. (ungo), an anointing-room 
in the bath, Pliu. 

unctura -ae, f. (ungo), the anointing of the 
dead, ap. Cic. 

1. unctus -a -um, p. adj. (from ungo). I. 
Adj., smeared, anointed ; 1, lit., manus, Hor. 
sol, basking in the sun after being anointed, Cic; 
poet., palaestra,, where one is anointed, Ov. ; 2, 
transf., accedes siccus ad unctum, to a rich and 
luxurious person, Hor. ; unctior quaedam con- 
suetude loquendi, rich, copious, Cic. II. Subst., 
unctum -i, n. a sumptuous repast, Hor. 

2. unotus -iis, m. (ungo), an anointing, VUn. 

1. uncus -i, m. (oyico?), a hook ; zx&XiS ferreus. 
Liv. ; nee severns uncus abest, as typical of 
Necessitas, Hor. ; esp., the hook with which the 
executioner dragged the bodies of the dead male- 
factors to throw them into the Tiber ; alicui uncum 
impingere, Cic. 

2. uncus -a -um, bent like a hock, hooked, 
curved ; manus, Verg. ; aratrum, Verg. 

unda -ae, f. a wave of the sea, and collective, 
the waves. I. Lit., maris unda, Cic. II. A. 
Transf., wave, storm, surge; undae comitiorum, 
disorder, Cic. ; unda salutantum, crowd, Verg. 
E. Meton., 1, moisture ; a, flowing water, water; 
fontis, Ov. ; faciunt jnstos ignis et unda viros 
(fire and water being used at tlie ceremony of mar- 
riage), Ov. ; b, of other liquids, e.g., oil, Plin., 
2, stream (of objects which are not liquid), qua 
plurimus uudam fumus agit, eddies, Verg. 

undatim, adv. (unda), like, waves, Plin. 

unde, adv. (orig. ennde), whence, from where. 
I. Lit., of place, 1, correlative, nee enim inde 
venit, unde mallem, Cic. ; ut aliae eodem, uncle 
crant profeetae, referrentur, Caes. ; 2, absol., a, 
in direct questions, unde dnjectus est China? 
Cic. ; b, in indirect questions, non reeordor 
unde ceciderim, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of origin, 
ground, cause, means, etc., whence, from what 
person or thing, from what origin ; 1, correla- 
tive ; a, unde necesse est, inde initium sumatur, 
Cic. ; b, qui eum necasset, unde ipse natus 
esset, Cic. ; 2, esp., legal 1. 1., unde petitur = 
the aceused person or defendant; ego omnibus, 
unde petitur, hoc consilium dederim, Cic. III. 
unde unde = undecumque, whencesoever, Hor. 

undecentum (unus, de, and centum), 
ninety-nine, Plin. 

undeclcs (undeciens), adv. (undeclm), 
eleven times, Mart. 

unde'eim (unus and decern), eleven, Cic. 

undecimus -a -um (undecim), the eleventh ; 
legio, Lir. ; annus, Verg. 

tmdeciremis -is, f. sc. navis (undecim and 
remus), a ship with eleven banks of oars, Plin. 

undeouraani -<5rum, m. (undecimus or un- 
decumus), soldiers of the eleventh legion, Plin. 

undecumque (undecunque), adv. 
whencesoever, Quint. 

Undent -ae -r. (for undeceni, from undecim), 
eleven each ; Musaperundenos emodulanda pedes, 



i.e., of hexameter and pentameter, Ov. ; quater 
undenos impleviase Decembres, i.e., forty-four 
years, Hor. 

undenonaginta(unus, de, and nonaginta), 
eighty-nine, Liv. 

undeoctoginta (unus, de, and octoginta), 
seventy-nine, Hor. 

undequadragies, adv. (undequadraginta), 
thirty-nine times, Plin. 

undequadraginta (unus, de, and quad- 
raginta), thirty-nine, Cic. 

undequinquagesimus -a -um (undequin- 
quaginta), the Jorty-ninth, Cic. 

undequinquaginta (unus, de, and quin- 
qliaginta), forty-nine, Liv. 

undesexaginta (unus, de, and sexaginta), 
fifty-nine, Liv. 

undetricesimus -a -um (undetriginta), 

t . . twenty-ninth, Liv. 

undetriginta (unus, de, and triginta), 
twenty-nine, Vitr. 

undeviceni -ae -a (undeviginti), nineteen 
each, Quint. 

undovicesimus (undevigesinius) 
(undeviginti), the nineteenth, Cic. 

undeviginti (unus, de, and viginti), nine- 
teen, Cic, Liv. 

undique, adv. (unde and que). I. o?i all 
sides, from everywhere, everywhere ; concurrere, 
Cic. ; colligere, Cic. ; aniens undique dicatur, by 
all people, Hor. II. on all sides, in every 
respect ; partes undique aequales, Cic. ; undique 
religioncm tolle, Cic. 

undisonus -a -um (unda and sono), resoiuid- 
ing with waves ; dii, sea-gods, Prop. 

undo, 1. (unda), to rise in waves, surge. A. 
Lit., fiaininis inter tabulata volutus ad caelum 
undabat vortex, Verg. B. Transf., to have a 
wave-like motion, to wave, to undulate; fuiuua 
Verg. ; habenae, hanging loosely, Verg. 

undosus -a -um (unda), full of waves, surg- 
ing, biilowy, Verg. 

unedo -onis, m. the arbutus-tree, and its 
fruit, Plin. 

unetvicesimani -5rum, m. (unetvicesi- 
mus), soldiers of the twenty-first legion, Tac. 

unetvicesimus -a -um (unus-et-vicesimus), 
the twenty-first, Tac. 

ungo (ungUO), unxi, unctum, 3. to anoint, 
smear, scdve. I. Lit., aliquem unguentis, Cic.-; 
gloria quern supra vires ungit, adorns, Hor.; 
(with reference to the anointing after a bath), 
unctus est, accubuit, Cic. ; of the anointing of a 
corpse, corpus, Ov. ; of the dressing of pro- 
visions, to dress; caules oleo, Hor. II. Transf., 
to besmear; tela manu, with poison, Verg.; uncta 
aqua, dirty, Hor. ; uncta carina, pitched, Verg. 

unguen -inis, n. (unguo), a fatty substance, 
salve, Verg. 

unguentarius -a -um (ungentum), of or 
relating to solve or ointment. I. Adj., Suet. 
II. Subst., A. unguentarius -ii, in. a 
dealer in unguents, Cic. B. unguentaria 
-ae, f. a, a female dealer in ungiients, Plin. ; b, 
the art of preparing unguents, Plaut. C un- 
guentarium -ii, n. money for unguents, Plin. 

unguentatus-a-um(nnguentum),a7ioiwfe(f, 
Cat. 

ungucntum -i, n. (ungo), a salve, ointment, 
unguent, Cic. 

unguiculus -i, m. (dim. of unguis), the 

finger- anil, the toe-nail ; integritas unguiculoruin. 

i omnium, Cic. ; prov., qui mihi a teneris, ut 



ung 



509 



urD 



Graeci dicunt, unguiculis (Or. e£ airakwv 6^•l/'x u, ') 
cognitus est, from childhood, Cic 

unguinosus -a -uin (unguen), fatty, unc- 
tuous, Plin. 

unguis -is, in. (owf), a finger or toe-nail. 
I. Lit., of men, ungues ponere, Hor. ; rodere, 
Hor. ; prov., ab imis unguibus usque ad ver- 
ticeni summum, from, top to toe, Cic. ; a recta 
conscientia transversum unguem non discedere, 
to depart a finger' s breadth (Engl, a hair's breadth) 
from, etc., Cic. ; de tenero ungui, from child- 
hood, Hor. ; ad (in) unguem, to a Imir, nicely, 
■perfectly (an expression borrowed from sculptors 
who tested the smoothness of their work with 
the nail), ad unguem factus homo, Hor. ; car- 
men decies castigare ad unguem, Hor. ; omnia 
in unguem secto via liuiite quadret, Verg. II. 
Transf., A. Of plants, a nail-like spot, tip, Plin. 
B. a kiyid of mussel, Varr. (abl., gen. ungue, in 
poets also ungui). 

ungula -ae, f. (unguis), a hoof, claw, talon. 
I. Lit., vestigium ungulae (equi), Cic. II. 
Meton., a horse ; ungula rapit currus, Hor. 

nngulus -i, m. (dim. of unguis). I. a toe- 
nail, Plant. II. a finger-ring, Plin. 

uuicalamus -a -um (uuus and calamus), 
having one haulm, Plin. 
unguo = ungo (q.v.). 

unicaulis -e (unus and caulis), having one 
stalk, Plin. 

unioe, adv. (unicus), singly, especially, par- 
ticularly ; diligere, Cic. ; unioe securus, altogether 
free from aire, Hor. 

uuicolor -Oris (unus and color), uniform in 
colour, of one colour; torus, Qv. 

unicornis -e (unus and cornu), liaving one 
horn, Plin. 

unicus -a -um(unus), only, sole. I. Lit., Alius, 
Cic. II. Transf., singular, unparalleled, unique, 
alone in its kind ; liberalitas, Cic. ; tides, Liv. 

uniform is -e (uuus and forma), having one- 
form, simple, Tac. 

unigena -ae (unus and gigno). I. bom at 
one birth, of the same race ; unigena Alemnonis, 
Zephyrus, brotlier of Memnon, Cat. II. only- 
born, only-made; singularis hie mnndus atque 
unigena, Cic. 

unijugus -a -um (unus and jugum), having 
only one yoke; vinea, fastened to the same cross- 
beam, Plin. 

unimanus -a -um (unus and manus), having 
but one hand ; puer, Liv. 

1. unio, 4. (unus), to unite, Sen. 

2. unio -onis, m. (unus), a single, large pearl, 
Sen. 

unistlrpis -e (unus and stirps), having one 
stock or stem, Plin. 

unitas -atis, f. (unu3), unity, oneness. I. 
Lit., Phn. II. Fig., A. likeness, similarity, 
Plin. B. agreement, unanimity, Sen. 

uniter, adv. (unus), in one, together; aptus, 
Lu_cr._ 

uniusmodi, adv. (unus and modus), of one 
kind, Cic. 

universalis -e (universus), general, uni- 
versal, Quint. 

universe, adv. (uni versus), in general; gen- 
erating atque universe loquar, Cic. 

universitas -atis, f. (universus), the whole, 
total. I. Lit., generis humani, Cic. ; rerum, the 
universe, Cic. II. Transf., the world, Cic. 

universus (archaic, univorsus) -a -um 
(unus and versus), lit., turned into one, combined 
into one. I. whole, entire. A. Adj., mundus, 



Cic. ; de re uuiversa tractare, Oic. ; plur., unl- 
versi -ae -a, all together; universi (homines), 
Cic. ; natura universa atque omnia continens, 
all things in entirety and in detail, Cic. B. 
Subst., univcrsum -i, n. the whole ; hence, the 
whole world, the universe, Cic. II. Transf., 
relating to all or to the wltole, general ; pugna, a 
general engagement, Liv. ; in uuiversum, in gene- 
ral, generally, Liv. 

unoculus -i, m. (uuus and oculus), a one- 
eyed man, Plai.it. 

unus (old Latin, oenus) -a -um, genit. unius, 
dat. uni, one. I. Lit., A. Gen., unus de 
magistratibus, Cic. ; foil, by alter, una ex parte 
. . . altera ex parte, Caes. ; plur. (esp., with 
words used only in the plur.), unae decumae 
. . . alterae, Cic. ; ad unum (unam) omnes, all 
to a man, Cic. ; in unum (Gr. €is iV) = into one 
place; confluere, Cic. B. Esp., 1, one, only 
one, alone; Demosthenes nnus eminet, Cic; 
uni ex omnibus Sequani, Caes. ; strengthened by 
the superl., or by omnium, summus vir unus 
omnis Graeciae, Cic. ; 2, one, one and the same; 
uuo tempore, at tlie same time, Cic. ; id unls 
acdibus, Cic. II. Transf., indelinite, a, an, one, 
some one, any one ; unus paterfamilias, Cic. ; 
without subst., tradidit uni, Cic. ; unus quidam, 
Cic. ; nemo unus, nullus unus, Cic. ; unus et 
alter, one and another, Cic. (genit., unius, Yerg.j 
Ov., Lucr., Cat. ; uni, Cat). 

upilio (opilio) -onis, m. a shepherd, Verg. 

iipupa -ae, f. (Zvo\p), a hoopoe, Varr. ; (with a 
play on the word), a kind of hoe, Plaut. 

Urania -ae, f. and Uranie -es, f. (Ovoavia, 
OiipoT it), the heavenly one), one of the nine Muses, 
the iVifsc of Astronomy. 

urbane, adv. (urbanus). I. politely, civilly, 
urbanely; urbane, urbanius agere, Cic. II. Of 
discourse, wittily, acutely, elegantly; ridere 
Stoicos, Cic. ; vexare, Cic. 

urbanitas -3tis, f. (urbanus), city life. I. 
Esp., life in Home; desideria and desiderium 
ivrbanitatis, Cic. II. Meton., the city manner ; 
1, in a good sense, a, politeness, urbanity, refine- 
ment of manner, C!i<\; plur., deponendae tibi sunt 
urbanitates, rusticus Komanus factus es, Cic; b, 
elegance, refinement in speaking, both in pronun- 
ciation and in expression, Cic. ; c, elegance in 
wit, fine wit, pleasantry ; vctus, Cic. ; 2, in a 
bad sense, city roguery, Tac. 

urbanus -a -um (nibs), of or belonging to a 
city(csv>. to Rome), urban. I. Lit., tribus, Cic; 
praetor, Cic. ; exercitus (of Roman citizens), 
Liv. ; suffragatio (of the city population), Cic. ; 
subst, urban! -orum, m. the inhabitaiits of the 
city, the townsfolk, Cic II, Meton., after the 
city fashion ; 1, in a good sense, a, refined in 
manner, elegant ; homo, a man of the world, Cic; 
b, of discourse, choice, elegant, refined ; quiddam 
resonat urbanius, Cic. ; c, fine, witty, pleasant, 
humorous; homo urbanissimus, Cic; sales, 
Cic; subst., a wit, Hor.; 2, in a bad sense, 
bold, impudent ; frons, Hor. 

urbicapus -i, m. (urbs and capio), a taker 
of cities, Plant 

Urbicua -ae, f. a town in Hispania Tar, 
raconensis. 

urbicus -a -um (urbs), of or belonging to a 
city, civic, urban, Suet. 

Urbinum -i, n. a town in Umbria, now 
Urbino. Hence, Urbinas -atis, belonging to 
Urbinum. 

Urbius clivu3, a place in Some between the 
Esquiline and vicus Cyprius. 

urbs -bis, f. the town surrounded by .» 
ring wall, the city. I, Lit., A. Gen., urbem 



urc 



GOO 



U8U 



condere, aedificare, Cic. ; capere, CIc ; evertere, 
Cic. B. the city of Bume (like Or. a<rrv, of 
Athens), ad nrbem, near Home or at Rome, Cic. ; 
ad urbem esse, of Roman generals waiting out- 
side Rome till a triumph was granted them, or 
of magistrates waiting to proceed to their pro- 
vinces, Sail. II. Meton., the city = the dwellers 
in the city ; urbs somno vinoque sepulta, Verg. 

urcedlaris -e (urceolus), of or relating to a 
jug or pitcher ; herba, pellitory, a plant used for 
polishing glass pitchsrs, PUn. 

urceolus -i, m. (dim. of urceus), a small jug 
or pitcher, Juv. 

urcous -i, m. (connected with orca), an 
earthenware jug, pitclier, Hor. 

uredo -Inis, f. (uro), 1, a blight upon plants, 
Cic; 2, an inflammatory itch, Plin. 

urgeo (urgueo), ursi, 2. to push, press, 
drive, urge. L Lit., A. Transit., pedem (ali- 
cuius) pede (suo), Verg. ; naves in Syrtes, drive on 
the sond-banks, Verg. B. Intransit., to press ; 
longique urguent ad litora ductus, Verg. II, 
Transf., 1, to press upon, beset, oppress, burden, 
bear hard upon; urgens malum, urgent, pressing, 
Cic; mortifero morbo urgeor, Cic; urgeri, with 
genit., to be pressed hard on account of something ; 
male administiatae proviuciae aliorumque crim- 
innin, Tac. ; 2, a, to hem in a place; nrbem 
url>e alia preinere atque \irgere, Verg. ; b, of 
time, to press upon ; urget diem nox et dies 
nocUuu, Hor.; 3, of discourse, to urge, press liard 
upon ; interrogando,.Cic ; 4, to apply oneself to 
diligently, ply hard, urge on, follow up; occas- 
ionem, Cic ; proposituin, Hor. ; iter, Ov. 

urlo.T, -ae, f. a caterpillar, Plin. 

uriua -ae, f. {ovpov), urine, Cic. 

urlnator -5ri3, m. (urinor), a diver, Liv. 

urlnor, 1. dep. to dice, Cic 

Urlos -li, m. (O.'pio?), the a ivcr of a favourable 
wind (of Jupiter), Cic 

urna. -ae, f. I. a pitch-r for drawing water, 
Hor.; at tribute of the. constellation Aquarius, Ov., 
and of the rivers personified as deities, Verg. 
II. Transf., A. a jug, pitcher, urn; a, for hold- 
inq money ; nrgenti, Hor. : >>. for holding the 
ashes of the dead, Ov. ; c, for throwing lots i nto ; 
noinina in urnam eonjieere, Liv. ; educere ex 
urna tres (judices), Cic ; hence, of the urn of 
fat'.', assigned to Jupiter and the Parcae. omne 
nomen movet uina, Hor. B. Asa measiu'e of 
capacity, half an amphora, Plin. 

umalls -e (urna), containing half an am- 
phora, Cato. 

urnarlum -li, n. (urna), a table on which 
vii!er-cans were placed, Varr. 

urnula -ae, f. (dim. of urna), a little pitclier, 
Cic. 

uro, ussi, ustum, 3. (connected with cuiu), 
to bum. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., calore, Cic. ; 2, 
esp., a, medical t. t, to luirn = to treat by burn- 
ing, to burn out ; in corpore si quid eiusmodi 
e9t quod reliquo corpori noceat, id uri secari- 
que patimur, Cic. ; b, t. t. of painting, to burn 
in ; pieta nstis coloribufl puppls, Ov.; c, to burn, 
destroy by fire; (a) hominem mortuum, Cic; 
agios, Liv. ; domos, Hor.; j/9) to burn lights; 
udomtaiii nocturna in lumina cedrum, Verg. 
B. Transf., 1, to bum, dry up, parch, pain 
acutely; fauces Urit sitis. Ov.; 2, to pinch, ihafe, 
gull; calceus pedem urit, Hor.; urit loriea 
lacrtos. Prop.; 3, to pinch with cold : ustus ab 
assidno frigore Pnnfns, Ov. II. Fig., A. to burn 
with passion, and pass., to be on fire, glow with 
passion ; me tamen urit amor, Verg. ; uritur 
infelix Dido, Verg. B. to disquiet, disturb, 
harass; eos belluru Romanum urebat, Liv. 



Urruncum -i, n. the lowest part of an car of 
com, Varr. 

ursa -ae, F. (ursus). I. a female hear; poet. 

= bear generally, Verg., Ov. II. Meton., the 
constellations of the Great and Little Bear; ursa 
major, or Erymanthis, or Maenalis. or Par- 
rhasi , the Great Bear, ursa minor or ursa Cyn- 
osuris, the Little Bear, Ov. 

ursinus -a -uin (ursus), of or relating to a 
bear, Plin. 

ursus -i, m. a bear. I. Lit., ursi informes, 
Verg. II. ileton., poscunt ursum, a bear hunt 
in the circus, Hor. 

urtica -ae, f. (uro). I. a nettle ; 1, lit., 
Plin.; 2, transf., a sea-nettle, Plin. II. Fig., 
lustfulness, lewd desire, Juv. 

urus -i, m. the tm«, a kind of wild ox, Caes. 

urvum (urbum) -i, n. a plough-tail, Varr. 

Uscana -ae, f. a town in lllyria on the 
borders of Macedonia, now Voscapopli. Hence, 
Uscauenses -lam, in. the inhabitants of Vs- 
cana. 

usio -onis, f. (utor), use, using, Cato. 

TJsipetes -urn, m. and Usipii -orum, in. a 
powerful German tribe near the Tencteri, on the 
Lippe and the Rhine, conquered by Caesar. 

usltate.adv. (usitatus), Ml the usual manner; 
loqui, Cic 

usitatus -a -um, p. adj. (" usito), customary, 
usual, wonted, accustomed ; vocabula, Cic. ; 
facimus usitatius lioc verbum, Cic; ntatur 
verbis quam usitatissimis, Cic; usitatnm est, 
foil, by act and intln., it is usual, customary, 
ap. Cic. 

uspiam, adv. (orig, cusplam), anywhere, Cic. 

usquam, adv. (orig. cusquam). I. any- 
where (gen. used in negative and conditional 
sentences). A. Lit., iste cui nullus esset 
usquam consistendi locus, Cic; with genit., 
UBquam gentium, Cic B. in any case, Cic., 
Sail. II. any whither, in any direction; nee 
vero usquam discedebam, Cic 

usque, adv. (orig. cusque), at every point, 
through and through, from ... to, all the -way, 
continuously. I. Of space, a, with prep., usque 
a inare supero Romam prollcisci, Cic. ; usque ad 
castra hostium accessit, Caes. ; b, with adv. of 
place, quod eos usque istim (istinc) exauditos 
putcin, Cic. ; U9que quaque, everywhere, Cic. ; 
C, with ace of the object or place reached 
(with names of towns), ut usque Romam signi- 
flcationes vocesque rel'eiantur, as fur as Home, 
Cic II. Of time, a, with prep., usque a 
Romul o, from the time of Bomulus, Cic; b, with 
adv. of time, inde usque repetens, Cic; usque 
quaque, always, Cat. ; usque eo se tenuit, Cic. ; 
C, afosol., always, constantly; juvat usque 
inorari, Verg. III. In other relations, lioc 
malum usque ad bestias perveniat, Cic. 

usquequaque, v. usque I. and II. 

USta -ae, f. (uro), a red pigment, burnt cin- 
nabar, Plin. 

UstlCa -ae, f. I. a valley in the Sabine 
! country, near Harare's estate. II. a small islaral 
I opposite the west coast of Sicily. 

ustil ... v. ust ul . . . 

UStiO -6nis, f. (uro), a burning, Plin. 

ustor -oris, m. (uro), a burner of corpses, Cic. 

UStulo (ustilo), 1. (dim. of uro), to burn a 
little, to singe, Cat. 

l. usucaplo -cepi -captum, 3. (usu, abl. of 
usus, and capio), to acquire ownership bylength of 

fossexsion or prescription, Cic; velut usucepisse 
taliam, Liv. 



usu 



601 



ut 



' 2. usucapio -6nis, f. (usu, abl. of usus, and 
capio), ownership acquired by length of possession 
or prescription ; usucapio fundi, Cic. 

usura -ae, f. (utor). I. the use, enjoyment 
of anything; a, natura dedit usuram vitae, Cic; 
unius horae, Cic; b, the use of borrowed capital, 
Cic. II. Meton., interest paid for money bor- 
rowed; usura menstrua, Cic; usurae gravis- 
siinae, Caes. ; alicui usuram pendgre, to pay, 
Cic; transf., terra nee umquam sine usura 
reddit, Cic. 

usurarius -a -utn ("usura). I. relating to 
(temporal)) use, Plaut. II. out at interest, pay- 
ing interest, Plaut. 

usurpatio -5nis, f. (usurpo), a using, use, 
waking use ; doctrinae, Cic. ; vocis, Liv. ; ad 
usurpdtionem vetustatis, to practise an old 
custom, Cic. ; itineris, undertaking, Liv. 

usurpo, 1. (contr. from usu and rapio), to 
draw to oneself by use. I. Gen., to make use of, 
to use, to bring into use; genus poenae, Cic 
II. Esp., A. to lay claim to, to assert one's right 
to; nomencivitatis, Cic B. Legal t. t., to take 
possession of, acquire ; a, lawfully, amissam 
possessionem, Cic; b, unlawfully, to appro- 
priate, to usurp ; alienam possessionem, Liv. 
C. to make use of by the senses, to perceive, to 
notice ; sensibus, Lucr. D. to make use of by 
the voice; a, to use, to mention; nomen tantum 
virtutis usurpas, Cic. ; b, to call by any name 
habitually; C. Laelius, is qui Sapiens usurpatur, 
Cic. 

USUS -Us, in. (utor), use, using, making use 
of, application, practice, exercise. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., usus privatus, Cic; quia ea pecunia non 
posset in bellum usui esse, Liv. ; scientia atque 
usus rerum nauticarum, theory and practice, 
Caes. ; usus magister est optituus, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, intercourse with men; a, social inter- 
course, familiarity; domesticus usus et con- 
suetudo, Cic. ; b, carnal intercourse, Ov. ; 2, 
legal t. t., usus et fructus, usus fructusque, 
ususfruotus, the use and enjoyment of property 
not one's own-, Cic. ; usus fructus omnium bon- 
oruin. Cic II. Transf., 1, practice = practical 
experience; usus atque oxercitatio, Cic; amicitia 
quam nee usu (by experience) nee ratione (by 
theory', habent cognitam, Cic ; habere magnum 
. in re inilitari or in eastris usum, Caes. ; 2, the 
usefulness, useful quality of anything ; magnos 
usus atlert ad navigia facienda, Cic. ; usui and 
ex usu esse, to be useful, of use, Cic; 3, occasion, 
need, want; a, usus piovinciae supplere, Cic; 
b, usus est, usus venit, usus adest, it is neces- 
sary, requisite, (a) usus est ; (oa) absol., si 
quaiulo usus esset, Cic ; (/3/3) witli abl., si quid 
erit quod extra magistrates curatore usus sit, 
Cic; (/3) usus adest; absol., ut equites Pom- 
peianorum inipetum, quum adesset usus, sus- 
.tinere auderent, Caes. ; (y) usus venit, si usus 
veniat, Caes.; c, usu venit, it happens; quid 
lioinini potest turpius usu venire? Cic. 
ususfruotus, v. usus, III. 
ut (ori^;. form uti), adv. and conj. I. Adv., 
A. (Like iva) adv. of place, where, Verg. Aen. 5, 
329, Ov. Met. 1, 15. B. Adv. of manner, in 
what way, as ; 1, a, absol., pergo ut instituisti, 
Cic ; esp. in a parenthesis, facilius est cur- 
rentum, ut aiunt, iucitare, Cic. ; b, with corre- 
spond, sic, ita, item, omnia sic constituerain 
mihi agenda, ut tu admonebas, Cic; ut optasti, 
ita est, Cic ; c, ut ut or utut, however, Plaut. ; 
2, in comparisons, a, with sic, ita, item, itidein, 
so ... as, sic, ut avus hie tuus, ut ego, justitiain 
cole, Cic. ; b, us . . . so also, as well ... as also ; 
ut cum Tltanis, ita cum Gigantibus, Cic. ; C, 
indeed, it is true . . . but; Saguntini ut a proeliis 
quieter,i habuerant , , • ita non noote, non die 



umquam cessaverant ab opere, Liv. ; d, ut 
quisque, with superl. . . . sic or ita, with su perl., 
Ae more . . . the more ; ut quisque est vir op- 
timus, ita difflcillime esse alios improbns sus- 
picatur, Cic. ; with ita preceding, colendum 
esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime 
virtutibus erit ornatus, Cic. ; witli ita to be 
supplied, ut quisque maxime perspicit, quid, 
etc. ... is prudentissimus haberi solet, Cic. ; 
e, in oaths, protestations, etc., ita vivam, ut 
maximos sumptus facio, Cic. ; 3, to introduce 
an explanation, as, as being ; homo acutus ut 
Poenus, Cic ; aiunt hominem, ut erat furiosus, 
respondisse, Cic. ; permulta alia colligit Chrys- 
ippus, ut est in onini historia curiosus, Cic. ; 
4, to introduce a reason, a, in a rel. clause, 
inasmuch as; magna pais Fidenatiuin, ut qui 
coloni additi Romanis essent, Latine sciebant, 
Liv. ; b, in a hypothetical clause, as if; ut si 
esset res mea, Cic ; 5, as well as ; ut potui, 
tuli, Cic ; esp. with a superl., ut blandissime 
potest, in the most flattering manner possible, 
Cic; with the superl., strengthened by quum, 
domus celebratus, ut quum maxime, Cic; 6, to 
introduce examples, as, as for example; quae 
tactu intinio sentiaut, u* dolorem, ut voluptatem, 
Cic; 7, in exclamations, how! how much! ut 
ille turn humilis, ut demissus erat I Cic; 8, to 
introduce a question, how ; a, direct, ut valet? 
ut meminit nostri ? Hor. ; b, indirect, videte, 
ut hoc iste correxerit, Cic. ; 9, to express time, 
a, gen. with the perf., wlien, as soon as; ut 
haec audivit, Cic. ; strengthened by primum, 
ut primum loqui posse coepi, Cic; h f since: 
ut Brundislo profectus es, nullae mini aba te 
sunt redditae litterae, Cic. II. Conj., with the 
subj., that, so that. A. To express something 
effected or happening ; 1, of something actually 
resulting; a, with expressions denoting to 
happen, to cause, to bring about, to come to 
pass, that; sol efflcit, ut omnia tioreant, Cic; 
evenit ut, contigit ut, est ut, ex hoc nascitur 
ut, etc., Cic. ; D, with expressions denoting 
a peculiarity, a necessity, an appearance, inos 
est hominum, ut, etc., Cic. ; hie locasest, ut de 
nioribus majorumloquainur, Oic^ certain, veruin, 
falsum, verisiulle, rectum, -justuin, usitatum 
est, nt, etc, Cic. , 2, of something' supposed 
or imagined to result ; a, with verbs of ■wish- 
ing, commanding, asking, resolving, taking carej 
agreeing, suffering, etc, equidem vellem, ut 
aliquando redires, Cic. ; praeclpitur ut nobi? 
ipsis impereinus, Cic. ; petunt atque orant 
etc., Caes.; placuit his ut, etc., Cic; 
natura non patitur ut, etc, Cic; asseuti 
quod est rectum, verum quoquo sit, Ci 
with verbs of demanding, persuading, c 
ling, postulant ut, etc, Lfv. ; hortor u 
Cic; stiasit ut, etc., Cic; impeUimur 
ut, etc., Cic; Lentulum, ut - se abd 
praetura, coegistis, Cic. ; c, witli verbs of . 
ing = that not; timeo ut sustineas, Cic; v 
ellipt. for fac ut, provided that-, granted- '/ia', 
even if; ut quaeras omnia, non reperies, Cic; e, 
ellipt. to express anger in a rhetorical question, 
tu ut umquam te corrigas? Cic; f, ellipt to 
express a wish, oh that ! ut dolor paviat, quod 
jam diu parturit, Cic. B. To 'express a conse- 
quence, that, so that; 1, with correspond, ita, 
sic, tain, eo, adeo, usque eo ; talis, tantus, is, 
hie, etc. ; Tarquinius sic Servium diligebat, ut 
is eius vulgo haberetur Alius. Cic. ; 2. without 
a correl., mere ilia non possunt, ut naec non 
eodem labefacta motu concidant, Cic. C. To 
express a purpose, that, in order that; 1, with 
a demonstr., ideo, idcirco, ad earn rem, etc, 
idcirco omnes servl sumus, ut liberi esse i»s- 
simus, Cic. ; 2, mostly without a demonstr., 
Romani ab arat.ro abduxerunt Cineinr'atum, ut 
dictator esset, Cio, 



utc 



602 



utr 



utcumquo (utcunque), adv. I. En what 
manner soever, however; utcimique se videri 
volet,- Cic. II. whenever ; utcumque niecum 

• eritis, Hor. 

1. utens -cutis, p. adj. (from utor), using, 
possessing ; utentior sit, Cic. 

2. Utens -entis, m. a river in Cisalpine Gaul, 
now Montone. 

utensilis -e (utor), that can be used, fit for use, 
useful. I. Adj., Varr. II. Subst., utonsllia 
-lum, n. useful things, necessaries, utensils, Liv. 

1. uter, Utris, m. (connected with uterus), 
tlie skin of an animal used as a bag or buttle; 
Aeolios Itliacis inclusimus utribus euros, Ov. ; 
used (like a bladder) for crossing rivers, Caes., 
Liv.; poet., tumidis infla sermonibus utrem, 
of a puffed-up, arrogant man, Hor. 

2. uter, utra, utrum, genit. utrius, dat. utri. 
I. which of two, which; uter nostrum popularis 
est ? tune an ego ? Cic. ; neque dijudicare posset, 
uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur, Caes. ; 
utros eius habueris libros an utrosque nescio,' 
Cic. JL Indefinite, one of the two, either of the 
two; si uter volet, Cic. (genit, utrius, Hor.). 

• utercumque (-cunque), utracumqug, 
utrumcumque, whichever of the two, whichever; 
utercumque vicerit, Cic. 

iiterllbSt, ntrSHbgt, utrumlibet, whichever 
of the two you please, either of the two; utrumlibet 
eltge, Cic. 

Uterque, utr&quS, utruniquS, genit. utrius- 
(\\\&, dat. utriquS, each of two, both (considered 
separately), a, sing., uterque cum exercitu 
veniret, Caes. ; sermones utriusque linguae, 
Cic. ; uterque alio quodani modo, Cic. ; uterque 
Phoebus, the rising and the selling sun, morning 
atul evening, Ov. ; uterque polus, the North and 
South Pole, Ov. ; Oceanus, the east and west, Ov.; 
soils utraqne donius, east and west, Ov.; parens, 
fxtlur and mother, Ov. ; in utrainque partem, on 
l«4h sides, in both cases, Cic. ; hie qui utrumque 
probat, smbobus dobuit uti, Cic. ; with partit. 
genit., nfcerqre "nostrum, Cic. ; with predicate in 
the plur., uterque eorum ex castris exercitum 
educunt, Caes.; b, in plv.r. prop., to pvpr°- 
tv:o pluralities, quoniam utrique Socratici et 
Platonici vo'umns esse, Cic. ; then to express 
two individuals together, duae fuerunt Ariovisti 
'irores ; utraeque in ea fuga periprunt, Caes.; 
Iu8qne,-Lncr., Hor., Ov.). 

i ras -1, m. and uterum -i, n. (ov9a P ). I, 

r y, paunch ; 1, gen., Verg. ; 2, esp., the 

Cic, Ov., Hor. ; nieton., a, birth, Plin. ; 

cavities cf the earth, out of which the first 

a are said to have been born, Lucr. II. 

., the bcUy^the inside of a ship, Tac. ; 

d Trojan horse, Verg. 

-torvls, otravis, utrumvis, genit. utriusvis, 

oat. utrJvis. L mhich of t'ne two you will, either 

of the two; utrumvis facere potes, Cic. II. 

loJi, Ter., Plant. 

Uti = Ut (q.v.).' 

utibUla -e (utor), tlwt can be used, useful, 
Ter., Plaut. 

Uttca -ac, f. a town hi Africa Propria, north 
cj Carinaijc, colony from Tyre, the place where the 
ter'MorlaV party mode the last stand against 
Caercr, and where M. Porcius Cato the younger 

killed himself. Adj., tlticensia -e, of or be- 
longing to Utica. 

utilis -e (= utihilis from utor), useful, profit- 
able, serviceable, beneficial, advantageous ; "a, I 
absol., utiles et salutares res, Cic. ; b, with ad 
and the ac<;„ homo ad cam rem, or ad ullara rem 



utilis, Cic; c, with in (in relation, to; for) and 
ace, res maxime in hoc tempus utilis, Liv.; d, 
with dat., equi utiles bello, Ov. ; non milii est 
vita mea utilior, Cic. ; e, (poet.), with genit., 
radix medendi utilis, Ov. ; f , witli infin., tibia 
adesse choris erat utilis, Hor.; g, utile est, with 
infin., numquam utile est peccare, Cic; with 
ace. and infin., eos utile est praeesse vobls, Liv. 
iitllltas -5tis, f. (utilis), usefulness, utility, 
advantagemisness, profitableness, use, profit, ad- 
vantage; a, sing., utilitas parte per amicum, 
Cic. ; b, pair., utilitates ex amicitia maxime 
capientur, Cic. 

utiliter, adv. (utilis), usefully, serviceably, 
advantageously, profitably; utiliter a natura 
datum esse, Cic. 

utinam, adv. would that! oh that! utinam 
incumbat in causam I Cic; utinam haberetis! 
Cic; with quod, quod utinam minus vitae 
cupidi fuissemus ! Cic. ; with negative, utinam ' 
ne or utinam non, would that not! illud uti- 
nam ne vcre scriberem 1 Cic. 

utique, adv. a, in any case, at any rate, 
certainly, at least ; utique apud me sis, Cic. ; b, 
yet, at least, certainly ; utique postridie, Cic; c, 
especially ; commota est pleb.s, utique postquam 
etc., Liv. 

utor, usus sum, iui, 8. dep. to use, viake use of 
employ, enjoy. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, with abl., 
armis, Cic. ; oratione, to speak, Cic. , male uti 
lege, to make a bad use of the law, Cic. ; uti ea criin- 
inatione in aliquem, Cic. ; with double abl., vel 
imperatore vel milite me utiinini, Sail. ; b, with 
neut. ace, ne filius quidem quidquam utitur, 
Cic. ;huic omnia utendaacpossidendatradiderat, 
Cic; c, absol., divitiae (expetuntnr) ut utare, 
that you may make use of them, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to 
associate with, be intimate with; Trcbonio mul- 
tos annos utor, Cic. ; 2, to live on; habere qui 
utar, Cic. ; 3, to enjoy ; facte et herbis, Ov. II. . 
Transf., 1, to be in possession of, to possess ; vale- 
fcudine bonS, Caes. ; honorc, Cic. ; 2, to stand in 
need of, have occasion for; ambitkme nihil 
uteris, Cic. ; ea nihil hoc loco utimur, Cic. 

utpote, adv. seeing that, inasmuch as, since; 
nt.pote qui nihil contemnere solemus, Cic. ; ut- 
.•ote lecti utiimque, Liv. 

utralibet, adv. (sc. parte, from uterlibet), 
on either side, on whichever side, Plin. 

utrarius -li, m. (1. uter), one wh& carries 
water in skins, a water-carrier, Liv. 

Utricularius -li, m. a bagpiper, Suet. 

utriciilus -i, m. (dim. of uterus). I. the 
belly; 1, gen., Plin.; 2, esp., the womb, Plin. 

II. ihe bud or envelope oj a flower, Plin. 

utrimque (utrinque), adv. (2. uter), /rom 
both sides, on both sides. I. Lit., Cic. II. 
Transf., in both parties ; utiimque anxii, Tac. 

utro (sc. loco, from 2. uter), adv. to which of , 
two places, to which side, whither, Ov., Cic. i 

fitrdbl (utrubi), adv. (uter and ubi), at 
which of two 2>laces, where, Plaut. 

utrobidem, adv. (utrobi and suffix -dem), 
on both sides, Plaut. 

utroblquS (utrublque), adv. on each cj 
two tides, on both sides, Liv. ; scquitur ut eadem 
Veritas utrobique sit. eademque lex, with gods 
and men, Cic ; Eumenes utrobique plus valebat, 
both by land and sea, Nep. 

utrolibet, adv. (uterlibet), to either of two 
sides, to either side, Quint. 

utroque, adv. (uterque), to both sides; a, 
lit., of place, utroque citius qunm velleimis 
eurstun confeciinus, Cic. ; b, transf., in both 

diTdtionsi si natura utroqu" adjuncts est, Cio- 



utr 



603 



vao 



Utrubi, etc. = utrobi, etc. (q.v.). 

Utrum, adv. (2. uter), whether, used in dis- 
junctive questions. I. In direct questions, a, 
with a second clause; (a) foil, by an, utrum 
la vestra an nostra culpa est? (j3) foil, by 
annon, utrum cetera nomina in codicem ac- 
cept! et expensi digesta habes, annon? Cic ; 
b, without a second clause, utrum hoc bellum 
non est? Cic. II. In indirect questions, a, 
With corresponding an, anne, necne, (a) with 
an, multum interest, utrum laus dimiuuatur 
an salus deseratur, Cic. ; (0) foil, by anne, 
utrum illi sentiant, anne sinmlent, tu intel- 
liges, Cic. ; (y) by necne, jam dudum ego 
erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne, Cic. ; 
b, without an, hoc dicere audebis, utrum do te 
aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene 
existiment, ad rem id non pertinere, Cic. 

utut, adv. however, Ter. 

uva -ae, f. a cluster, bunch. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
Plin. B. Esp., a bunch of grapes ; 1, lit., uva 
colorem ducit, Verg. ; 2, meton., the vine, Verg. 
II. Transf., a cluster, like a bunch of grapes, 
which bees form when they swarm and settle on 
trees, Verg. 

uvens -entis (partic. of * uveo), moist, wet, 
Petr. 

uvesco, 3. (* uveo), to become moist, be wet, 
Lucr. ; of persons drinking, to moisten or refresh 
oneself, Hor. 

xividulus -a -um (dim. of uvidus), somewluU 
moist, wet, Cat. 

uvidus -a -um (*uveo), moist, damp, wet, 
humid. I. Lit, vestimente, Hor.; Menalcas, 
wet with dew, Verg. ; Juppiter uvidus austris 
(Z™? iKnaios), Verg. II. Meton., = drunken; 
Bacchus, Hor. ; dicimus integro sicci mane die, 
dicimus uvidi, Hor. 

uvor -oris, in. (* uveo), moistness, dampness, 
humidity, Van'. 

■ uxor -oris, f. a wife, spouse. X Lit., uxor 
ju.sta, Cic. ; duas uxores habere, Cic. ; uxorem 
ducere, to marry a wife; uxori nuntium remitt- 
ere; to divorce a wife, Cic. II. Transf., of 
animals, olentis uxores mariti, slie-goats, Hor. 

uxorcula -ae, f. (dim. of uxor), a little wife 
(used as a term of endearment), Plant. 

uxorius -a -um (uxor). I. of or relating to ' 
a wife; res uxoria, Cic; arbitrium rei uxoriae, 
relating to the property of a (divorced) wife, Cic. 
II. too devoted to one's wife, a slave to a wife, 
uxorious ; of Aeneas as the slave to Dido, Ver<* ■ 
amnis, the Tiber, as the husba-id of Ilia, Hor. ° 



V. 

Vv, the twenty-flrst letter of the Latin 
, alphabet, corresponding partly with the- 
Greek digamma (f), partly with the Greek u 
V frequently passes into u, e.g., solvo, sol- 
utum, uavita, nauta ; and between two Twvels 
is often elided, e.g., deleverunt, delerunt, pro- 
videns ; prudens ; ne volo, nolo. For tho use 
of V, in abbreviations, see Table of Abbrevia- 
tions. 

Vacalus = Vahalis (q. v.). 

!nu,nn^}° SllV (VaC0 >- L a f™ Jo ™ f™m, 
wiK^}h ^tl™ from anything, a being 
U w A, V he ^"6 from whic1 ' °» e ^ treed 
,f„ Ik -S? genit -' or In «>° abl. with ab, 

caus.s rZ l *t e, S iC -> alicui dare vacationem a 
causis, Lie b, the person who is freed is put 
IB the genit, or the eau§e fo r wjjich one is 



freed, adolescentiae, Cic. ; rerum gestarum,Cic.: 
vacationcs milituin, Li v. ; c.absol., pretium ob 
vacationem datum, Cic. II. Meton., money 
paid for exemption from military service, Tac: 

1. vacca -ae, f. a cow, Cic. 

2. Vacca = Vapa (q.v.). 

Vaccaei -oruin, rn. a people in Hispania 
Tarraconensis. 

vaccinium -li, n. the blueberry, whortle- 
berry, Verg., Ov. 

vaccinus -a -um (vacca), of or relating to a 
cow, Plin. 

vacef 10, v. vacuefaclo. 
vaoerrosus -a -um, mad, crazy, Suet. 
Vachalis = Vahalis (q.v.). 
vacillatio -<5nis, f. (vaclllo), a rocking, red- 
ing motion, Suet. 

vacillo, 1. to totter, reel, stagger, wave to and 
fro. I. Lit., litterulae vacillantes, written with 
unsteady hand, Cic. ; of persons, ex vino, Cic. ; 
in utramque partem toto corpore, Cic. IL 
Fig., tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. ; of 
persons, in aere alieno, to be deep in debt, Cic. ; 
legio vacillans, wavering in its fidelity, Cic. 

vacive, adv. (vacivus), idly, at leisure, 
Phaedr. 

vaclvitas -atis, f. (vacivus), emptiness, want 
of anything ; cibi, Plaut. 

vacivus -a -um (vaco), empty ; aedes, Plaut; 
with genit., virium, powerless, Plaut. 

vaco, 1. to be empty, void of anything, oe free 
from, without anything. I. Lit, A. Gen., a, 
absol., tota domus superior vacat, Cic; b, with 
abl., natura caelestis et terra vacat humore, 
Cic. B. Esp., of property, to be vacant, to have 
no master; ut populns vacantia teneret, Tac. 
II. Transf., A. Gen., to be free from something, 
to be without; a, with abl., cura et negotio, 
Cic. ; populo, to keep oneself far from the people, 
Cic ; b, with ab and the abl., ab opere, Caes. ; 
ab omni concitatione animi semper, Cic. ; a 
metu et periculis, Li v. ; of tilings, haec a cus- 
todiis classium loca maxiine vacabant, Caes. ; of 
time, tantum quantum vacabit a publico officio 
et niunere, Cic. _B. Esp., 1, to be free from 
aiuies; with abl., muneribus, Cic. ; 2, to be free 
from work, idle, at leisure, unoccupied, to have 
time; a, of persons, (a) absol., scribes aliquid, 
si vacalus, Cic. ; (j3) with dat, to have time for, 
to have leisure for ; ego vero, inquam, philosoph- 
lae semper vaco, Cic. ; (y) poet., with in and 
the ace, in grande opus, Ov. ; b, impers., 
vacat ami vacat alielu, there is leisure for, there, 
is time for; (a) with infin., hactenus indulsisse* 
vacat, Verg. ; (/3) absol., dum vacat, Ov. 

vacuefaclo -feci -factum, 3. (vacuus and 
facio), and pass., vaciief lo (vacefio) -factns 
sum -fieri (vacuus and fio), to make empty; in 
pass. _ lo be empty ; inorte superioris uxoris 
domum novis nuptiis, Cic. ; adventu tuo ista 
subsellia vacuefacta sunt, Cic. 

vactiitas -Stis, f. (vacuus), emptiness, vacuity, 
freedom, exemption, immunity from, a being with- 
out anything. I. Gen., a, with genit, doloris, 
Cic. ; b, with ab and abl., ab angoribus, Cic. 
II. Esp., the vacancy of a public office, e.g., of 
vJie consulship, ap. Cic. 

Vacuna -ae, f. the beneficent goddess of the 
plain worshjpped at Reate, geddess of the Salines. 
Adj., Vacunalis -e, of or belonging to Vacuna. 

vacuo, 1. (vacuus), to make empty, void, to 
empty, Lucr. 

vacuus -a -um, empty, void, free from, exempt, 
without. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, adj., a, absol., 
castra, Cas3, ; tlieatram, Hor. ; b, with abl,, 



Vad 



604 



val 



nihil igni vacuum, Cic; c, with ab and '.he abl., 
ab bis rebus, Cic. ; vacuum oppidnm ab defens- 
oribus, Cues. ; 2, subst, vacuum -i, n, ■ i 
empty place, vacuum; per vacuum incuircre, 
Hur., or iiTumpere, Liv. B. Esp., 1, free, 
meant, toithout a master ; pracda, Cic; possessio 
regni, Caes. ; venire in vacuum or vacua, Hor., 
Cic; 2, of women, free, unmarried, Ov. II, 
Transf., A. Gen., free from something, without, 
keeping oneself free from ; a, with abl., animus 
sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic ; b, with ab 
ami the abl., animus a talibus faetis vacuus 
et integer, Cic. ; c, with genit., vacuus operum, 
Hor. B. Esp., 1, free from duties, freed; a, 
with abl., tributo, Tac.; b, with ab and the 
abl., ab oruni sumptu, Cic ; 2, a, free from 
work, unoccupied, at leisure, idle ; (a) of persons, 
quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic ; transf., of 
places, where on-e is idle; Tibur, Hor.; (0) of 
time, vacua nox operi, Liv. ; quum vacui tem- 
poris nihil habebam, leisure, Cic; b, free from 
anxiety or love ; animus vacuus ac solutus, Cic; 
3, free from hindrances, Tac ; 4, of places, a, 
free = open, accessible; portions, Verg. ; aures 
vacuae, Hor. ; b, open, exposed ; mare, Tac ; 5, 
empty = worthless, xi.seless, vain ; vacua uomina, 
Tac 

1. Vada -ae, f. a castle in the country of the 
Baiavi. 

1. Vadr. -oruni, n. a. town in I.iguria, now 
Savona, 

3. Vada Volaterrana -drum, u. apor' in 
Elmria, south of Pisa, now Torre di Vado. 

Vadimonis lacus, a lake in Etruria, now 
Logo di Bassano. 

vadimonium -ii, n. (l. vas), bail, security, 
recognisance (for appearance beforo a court of 
law); sine vadimonio disceditur, Cic; vadi- 
monium constituerc, Cic. ; vadimonium obire or 
ad vadimonium venire, to uppear on 6oiI(opp. 
vadimonium deserere, to forjeit recognizances), 
Cic. 

vado. 3. (root VA, Gr. BA-u. whence 
/3<uW), to go, walk, hasten, rush; baud dubiam 
in mortem, Verg. ; ad aliquein postridie mane, 
Cic. ; In eundem carcerem (of Socrates), Cic. 

vador, 1. dep. (1. vas), to bind over by bail ; 
hominem In praesentia non vadatur, Cic. ; tot 
vadibus accusator vadatus est reum, Liv.; partic 
pass., vndato, after bail hod been fixed, Hor. 

vadosus -a -urn (vadum), full of shallows, 
shallow ; mare, Caes. 

vadum -i, n. (root VA, Gr. BA-w, whence 
0ito* ->j -6v, pervius), a shallow, shoal, ford. I. 
A. Lit., exereitum vado transducere, Verg. B. 
Fig., cera tentet vadum, Ov. II. Transf., A. 
Gen. = water, river, sea, Verg., Hor. B. ('"' 
bnttnm of the water, Plin. 

vae. Inter), (oval), to express pain or anger, 
nhu: vnc! a, absol., Verg., Hor.; b, with dat., 
vae victis, Liv. 

vaecors = vecora (q.v.). 

vaesanus = vesanus (q.v.). 

vafcr, vafra, vafrmn, artful, running, si/Wfr, 
sly, croft y ; in disputaudo, Cic; Boimiiorum 
vaferrimus interpres. Cic 

vafre, adv. (vafer), artfully, cunningly, 

craftily, Cic. 

vafritia -ae, f. (vnfer), artfulness, slyness, 

subtlety, cunning, Sen. 

Vaga -ae, f. a. town in Numidia, now Begin. 
Hence, Vagenaee -Ium, in. the inhabitants of 
Vaga. 

vage, adv. (vagus), scattered fur and wide, 
disp'/'Sedly ; vage effusi per agroa, Liv, 



vagina -ae, f. (connected with vas, a vessel), 
the sheath of a word, scabbard. I. Lit., gladius 
vagina vacuus, Cic. ; gladium e vagina educere, 
Cic II. Transf., a sheath, case; esp., the hull 
or husk of grain, Cic. 

vaginula -ac, f. (dim. of vagina), a little 
sheath or husk of grain, Plin. 

vaglo -Ivi and -li -Ituin, 4. to cry, whimper like 
a child ; repuerascere et in cunis vagire, Cic. 

vagltUS -Qs, m. (vaglo), the crying of young 
children; dare vagitus, Ov. J of the bleating of 
goats, Ov. 

1. vago, 1. and vagor, 1. dep. (vagus), to 
wander about, ramble,rove. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, 
of living creatures, in acris passim bestiaruin 
more, Cic. ; of birds, olucres hue illuc passim 
vagantes, Cic. ; b, of things, luna iisdem spntiis 
vagatur quibus sol, Cic B. Esp., of ships anil 
sailors, to cruise; cum lembis circa Lesbum, 
Liv. II. Fig., vagabitur tuum nomen longe 
atque late, will be spread, far and wide, Cic; 
animus vagatus errore, Cic; vagabimur nostro 
institute, digress, Cic 

•J. vagor = vagitus (q.v.). 

vagus -a -urn, wandering, roaming, roving, 
unsettled, vagrant. I. Lit., a, of living crea- 
tures, multitudo dispersa atque vaga, Cic. ; 
inatronae vagae per vias, Liv.; plur. subst., vagi 
quidam, wanderers, Liv. ; b, of things, luna, 
Cic. ; venti, Hor. II. Transf., a, inconstant, 
fickle; puella, Ot. ; sententia, Cic. ; b, general; 
pars quaestionum, Cic; e, dijjusc, aimless; 
orationis genus, Cic. 

vab. (vaha), interj. ah ! oh ! Plaut. 

Vahalis (Valis) -is, m. the Waal, the west 
arm of the Rhine. 

valde, adv. (syncop. for valid e. from vnlidus), 
very, very much, great!;/, exceedingly; a, with 
verbs, alioui arridere, Cic. ; valdius oblectare, 
Hor. ; b, with adj., valde lti.ignus, Cic ; valdo 
tenia, Cic. ; c, with adv., valde bene, valde 
vehementer, valde graviter, Cic. 

valedico, 3., v. valeo, I. B. 2. b. 

valens -entis, p. adj. (from valeo), strong, 
powerful. I. Lit., A. Gen., robust! et valentcs 
satellites, Cic; valentissimi homines, Cic; 
trunci, Verg. B. tnrM, healthy; medicus con- 
iirmat propediem te valentem fore, Cic. II. 
Transf., powerful, mighty; a, politically, by 
armies, etc., viribus cum valentioro pugnarc, 
Cic. ; b, intellectually, powerful, energetic, effect- 
ive; valens dialecticus, Cic; fraus valentior 
quam consilium iiieum, Cic 

VAlentSr, adv. (valens), strongly, powerfully ; 
valentius spirare, Ov. 

Viilontulus -a -uin (dim. of valens), strong, 
Plaut. 

valeo -ill -Ituni, 2. to be- strong. I. Lit., A. 
(ien., 1, puerilleutmagnuses ot multum valet, 
Plant. ; 2, to be strong (bodily) for a particular 
ytnr}Ktse; a, with prep., alios velocitate ad 
oil: sum, alios viribus ad luctaudum valere, Cic; 
b with infin., valoo stare aut, etc, Hor. ; valet 
in'a suminis mutare deus, Hor. B. to be well, 
healthy, strong ; 1, a, with adv., optime valoo, 
Cic ; bene, melius, Cic ; in inns valeo, Cic. ; b, with 
the abl., corpore, Cic; c, with aband abl. of dis- 
ease, a morbo, Plant.; d. absol., valeo et salvux 
sum, Plant.; hence the phrase at the commence- 
ment of a letter, si vales, bene est (S. V. B. E.), 
Cic ; also with the addition, ego or ego quoque 
valeo (B. V. or E. Q. V.), Cic; 2, as a farewell 
greeting, a, vale,valeas,«dfew,./aretceW, good-bye; 
esp., as the usual ending of letters. Cic. ; cura 
ut valeas, Cic: also as a farewell greeting to 
the dead, Vrrj. ; as an expression of SCbrn, 



Val 



606 



vap 



refusal, rejection, si talis est deus, valeat, Jet me 
have nothing to do with him, Cie. ; quare valeant 
ista, away with them ! Cic ; b, valere jubere or 
dicere, to say good-bye ; illuin salutavi, post 
etiamjussi valere, Cic; nipronium vale dicere, 
Ov. ; vale dicere (or in one word, valedicere), to 
nay farewell, Sen. II. Transf., A. to avail, have 
force, to be strong, prevail; 1, multuin eqnitatu, 
Oaes.; plurimum proficere et valere, Cic. ; longe 
plurimum valere ingenio, Cic; of things, sine 
verltate nomen amicltiae valere non potest, Cic; 
2, with reference to a certain object, a, with ad 
and the ace, or in and the ace, or infln., to 
have force for, to be able to, to be strong enough 
for; tu non solum ad negligendas leges, veruvn 
etiam ad cvertendas valuisti, Cic. ; of things, 
illud perficiam, ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloiiam, 
Cic; nee continere suos ab direptione castrornm 
valuit, Liv. ; b, with in and the ace, to be of 
avail against, to be tlesig tied for or against; in se, 
in Roinanos, in ipsutn, Cic. ; detlnitio in omnes 
valet, avails for cdl, Cic B. Esp., 1, to be 
worth ; dum pro argenteis decern aureus unus 
valeret, Liv.; 2, of words, to mean, signify; 
verbnni, quod idem valeat, Cic. 

V&leriUS -a -mil, name of a Roman gens, the 
most Jamous members of which were : 1, P. Valerius 
Volesus Publicola (Popl.), wlto look part in the 
driving out of the Roman, kings ; 2, Qu. Valerius 
Antias, a Roman chronicler, living about 140 B.C., 
used by Ltry. Adj., Valerian; tabula, a place 
in tin Forum, near the. Curia Hostilin, where the 
money-changers' stalls were. Hence, ValSria- 
nus -a -urn, of or belonging to a Valerius. 

valcsco -Ql, 2. (tnchoat. of valeo), to grow 
strong. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Fig., superstitlonos, 
Tac. ; tantuin spe conatuque valuit, Cic. 

valetudinirius -a -um (valetudo), sickly, 
Varr. 

valetudo -Inis, f. (valeo), state of health, 
physical condition, limit It. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
prosperitas valetudinis, Cic. ; incommoda, Cic. ; 
adversa, Cic. ; inflrmii atque aegra" valetudine 
usus, Cic; quasi mala valetudo animi, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, in a bad sense, ill-health, weakness; 
oculorum, Cic. ; .flectus valetudine, ill, Caes. ; 
plur., subsidia valetudinum, Cic. ; 2, in a good 
sense, good health; valctudinem amiseram, Cic. 
II. Transf., of discourse, Cic. 

Valgius -a -urn, name of a Reman gens, the 
most famous members of which were: 1, Valgius, 
the father-in-law of Rutins ; 2, T. Valgius Rufus, 
o distinguished poet. 

valgus -a -um, bow-legged, bandy-legged, 
Plant. ; transf., suavia, wry mouths, Plaut. 

valide, adv. (validus). I. strongly, power- 
fully, mightily; valldissime favore alicui, ap. 
Cic II. Used in answers, certainly, to be sure, 
Plaut. 

validus -a -um (valeo), strong, powerful. I. 
Lit., A. Gen., 1, tauri, Ov. ; vires, Verg. ; 2, 
milit. t. t., of posts or stations, strong ; vallda 
urbs et potens, Cio. ; valida urbs praesldiis, 
muris, Liv. ; 3, of medicines, powerful, effi- 
cacious; sucus, Ov. ; 4, of persons, superior, 
having the advantage (in age) ; aetate et viribus 
validior, Liv. B. healthy, well; si, ut spero, te 
valldum videro, Cic. ; nondum ex morbo satis 
validus, Liv. IL Transf., strong, powerful, 
mighty, influential ; hostis validior, Lfv. ; with 
abb, ingenium sapientia valldum, Sail.; with 
dat, ludibrlum lllud vlx feminis puerisve mor- 
andis satis valldum, Liv. ; with adversus and 
the ace, adversus consentlentes nee regem 
quemquam satis valldum nee tyrannum fore, 

Valis = Vahalis (q.v.). 



vallarls -e (vallus or vallum), of or relating 
to the vallum ; corona, given to the soldier who 
first mounted the fortifications of the hostile camp, 
Liv. 

valles (vallls) -is, t. a vale, valley. I. 
Lit., vicus positns in vallo, Caes. II. Poet., 
transf., a hollow ; alarum, Cat. 

Vallo, 1. (vallus or vallum), to surround, for- 
tify with a mound and jxilisade. I. Lit, castra, 
Tac. II. Transf., to fortify, protect, strengthen ; 
Catillna vallatns sicariis, Cic; sol radlis frontem 
vallatus, Ov. 

valluri -i, n. (vallus). I. a mound or wall 
defended with palisades, a stoelcade; oppidum 
vallo et fossil cingere, Cic ; vallum scindere, 
Oaes. II. Transf., a wall, fortification , defence; 
spica munitur vallo aristarum, Cie. 

1. vallus -i, m. a post, stake. I. Gen., used 
as a pro]) for vines, Verg. II. Esp., to form a 
palisade; ferre vallum, Cic; collective (for 
vallum), the palisade, stockade; duplex vallus, 
Caes. ; poet., transf., vallus pectinis, the teeth of 
a comb, Ov. 

2. vallus -i, f. (dim. of vannus), a small 
winnowing-fan, Varr. 

valvae -arum, f. folding-doors; effractis 
val vis (fani), Cic. 

valvatus -a -um (valvae), provided with 
folding-doors, Varr. 

Vand&li -orum, m. the Vandals, in tlie time 
nf Tacitus a tribe in North Germany, wlto, in. the 
fifth century, invadetl the south of Europe, and 
settled in Spain and Africa. 

vanesoo, 3. (vanus), to pass away, disappear, 
vanish. I. Lit, nubes, Ov. II. Transf., amor, 
Ov. 

Vangiones -um, m. a German people on the 
Rhine, near modern Worms. 

viniuious -a -um (vanus and dico), talking 
vainly, lying, Plaut. 

vanlloquentia -ae, f. (vanus and loquor), 
idle talking, vaunting, Liv. 

vanilSquus -a -um (vanus and loquor). I 
lying, Plant. II. boasting, vaunting, Liv. 

vanitas -atis, f. (vanus), emptiness. I. Gen., 
a. unreality, superficiality, untruth; oplnionum, 
Cic; b, failure, fruitlessness ; itineris, Liv. II. 
Esp., idle talk, lying, boasting, ostentation; 
orationis, Cic. ; nihil turplus est vanitate, Cic. 

vanitudo -Inis, f. (vanus), idle, lying talk, 
Plaut. 

vannus -i, f. a winnowlng-fan ; vannus 
mystica Iacchl (borne at the Bacchic festival!, 
Verg. 

vanus -a -um (connected with vastus), empty, 
void. I. Lit., arista, Verg. ; imago, shade, spirit 
(as beiiig bodiless), Hor. ; vanior acleshostiuni, 
Liv. II. Fig., vain, meaningless, lying, fruit- 
less, idle, groundless. A. Of things, 1, adj., 
oratio, Cic. ; apes, Ov. ; gaudla, Hor. ; of mis- 
siles, ictus, Liv. ; 2, neut. subst., that which is 
empty or win; haustiim ex vano, from a false 
source, Liv. ; poet., vana tumens, with empty 
show, Verg. ; with genlt., vana rerum, Hor. B, 
Of persons, 1, one whose action is without con- 
sequence ; ne vanus iisdeni castris asslderet, in 
vain, Liv. ; 2. esp. in moral sense, lying, vain, 
ostentatious, fickle, inconstant, boastful: harus- 
pex, Cic. ; vanum se esse et perfldiosum fateri, 
Cic. ; vanus auctor est, deserves no credence, Ltv. 

vapide, adv. (vapldus), mouldily ; vaplde 
se habere, to be " seedy" Aug. ap. Suet. 

vapid i -a -11111 (root VAP, wheno : vappa), 
spoiled, flat, vapid, Pera- 



vap 



606 



vas 



4 apor (Vapos) -Oris, m. fapSiir, statm. I. 
Gen., nquarum, Cic. ; poet. = heat, Verg. II. 
Esp., warn exhalation, warmth; semen tepe- 
fuctum vapore, Cic. ; locus vaporis pienus, Liv.; 
pcct. =fire ; vapor est (= edit) carinas, Verg. 

vaporarium -ii, n. (vapor), a five for con- 
veying hot air, Cic. 

vapdratlo -Onis, f. (vaporo), an exhalation, 
steaming; steam, vapour, Plin. 

vaporo, 1. (vapor). I. Intransit., to steam, 
reek, tig., Lucr. II. Transit., to fill with warm 
vcrpour, to fumigate, heat, to warm; a. laevum 
latus, Hor. ; b, to incense, fumigate; templum 
ture, Verg. 

vappa -ae, f. (root, VAP, whenco vapidus), 
spoiled, flat wine. I. Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a 
good-for-nothing, worthless fellow, Hor. 

vapularis -e (vapulo), well whipped, Plaut. 

vapfllo -avi -Stflrus, 1. to cry out like one that 
is beaten ; meton.= to be flogged, whipped, beaten. 

I. Lit., Lucr., Plaut. II. Transf., a, of troops, 
to be beaten ; ap. Cic. ; b, to be attacked by words; 
omnium lermonibus, Cic. 

Varguntejus -i, m., Lucius, a Roman sena- 
tor and accomplice of Catiline. 

1. varia -ae, f. (varius). I. a panther, Plin. 

II. a kind of magpie, Plin. 

2. Varia -ae, f. a town in Italy, on the right 
bank of the Anio, now Vico-Varo. 

variantia -ae, f. (varlo), difference, varia- 
tion, Lucr. 

varlanus -a -um (varius), many-coloured, 
varicoloured, Plin. 

vaiiatlO-Cnis, f.(vario), difference, variation ; 
eosdem cou9ules sine ulla variatione diccre, Liv. 

varico, 1. (various), to stand with feet apart, 
to stradflle, Varr. 

varicosus -a -lira (vnrix), having varicose 
veins, Juv. 

various -a -uni (varus), straddling, Ov. 

varie, adv. (varius). I. with various colours, 
Plin. II. varimrsly, in different ways ; numerus 
varie diffusus, Cic; varie bpllatnm, with varying- 
success, Liv. 

varietas -atls, f. (I. varius), variety, difference, 
diversity. L Lit., of colours, Aomin, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., variety, difference, diversity; 
pomorum, Cic. ; plur., varietates temporum, 
Cic. B. Esp., 1, variety, manysidedness ; of 
ideas, knowledge, etc., multiplex ratio disput- 
andi rerumque varietas, Cic. ; 2, difference in 
opinion; in disputationibus, Cic; 3, fickleness, 
■inconstancy, changeable humour; venditorum, 
Cic 

vario, 1. (1. varius). I. Transit,, to vary, 
diversify, variegate, makevarious, tochange, niter, 
vary. A. Lit,', 1, vocem, Cic; capillos, Ov. ; 
2, to make particoloured, to colour, spot; (sol) 
variat ortum maculis, Verg. B. Transf., to 
change a thing in its nature, to alter, interchange 
with; a, caloresque frigoraqne, Liv.; volnpt- 
atem, Cic; b, to vary in writing or speaking, to 
give a different account of; quae rle Maroelli morte 
variant anctores, relate differently, Liv. ; c, to 
change the issue of; variants foitunS eventuin, 
Liv. ; d, to change an opinion cause to waver; 
qunm timor atque Ira in vicem sententias vari- 
assent, Liv.; in pass., variari, to waver, be divided, 
to vary ; variatis hominum sententiis, Liv. II. 
Intransit., to be different, to vary. A. Lit. vari- 
antes formae, Lurr. B. Transf., to change, 
vary, alter, waiter; 1, of things, a, sic rnei 
variant tiinores, Ov. ; dissidct et variat sen- 
tentia, Ov. ; b, to vary (in an account or rela- 
tion), quamqumn et opinlonlbus et monumentis 



litterarUtn variarent, Liv. ; 2, of persons, to 
vary, be of different opinions, waver; fremitus 
variantis multitudinis, Liv. 

1. varius -a -uin, manifold. I. Of colour, . 
diversified, variegated, various ; columnae, Hor. ; 
caelum, Ov. ; iynces, Verg. II. Tran. r ., of 
nature, various, manifold, changeable, diverse. 
A. Of things, a, varium poeina, varia oratio, 
varii lnores, varia fortuna, voluptaa etiam valia 
dici solet, Cic ; b, of opinion, varying; quales 
sint (dii) varium est, different opinions are Held, 
Cic. ; c, of success, changing, varying, uncer- 
tain; fortunae varii eventus, Caes. B. Of 
persons, a, many-sided, of various information; 
varius et multiplex et copiosus fuit, Cic. ; b, of 
character, fickle, changeable ; animus, Sail. ; var- 
ium et mutabile semper feuiina, Verg. 

2. Varius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the 
most famous members of which were: 1, Q. Variu9 
Hybrida, of Sucro, in Spain, tribune oj the people, 
91 B.C., author of a lex de majestate ; 2, L. Varius, 
a poet, the friend of Horace and Vergil. 

varix -Icis, c. a varicose vein, esp. in the 
leg, Cic. 

Varro -5nis, m. a surname in the Gens Teren- 
tia, the most famous members of which were: 1, C. 
Terentius Varro, and 2, M. TerentiusVarro, v. 
Terentius; 3, P. Terentius Varro Atac-iiius,_« 
poet, born 82 B.C., died 37 B.C. Hence, Varro- 
nianus -a -um, Varronian ; milites, who served 
under C. Terentius Varro, Liv. 

1. varus -a -um, deviating from the right 
line. I. Lit,, bent ouUcards ; a, cornua, Ov. ; 
manns, Ov. ; b, bandy-legged ; subst., o bandy- 
legged man, Hor. II. Transf., diverse, different; 
alteram (genus) huic varum, Hor. 

2. varus -i, m. a pimple or boil on the face, 
Plin. 

3. Varus -1, m. a name of several Roman 
families, the most famous members of which were: 
1, Q. Attius Varus, n leader inthe Civil War; 2, 
P. Alfenus Varus, consul and celebrated lawyer; 
3, P. Quinti'iius Varus, the celebrated general of 
Augustus, defeated and killed with his army by 
Arminius, 9 B.C. 

4. Varus -i, ni. a river in Gallia Narbon- 
ensis, now the Var. 

1. vas, vadis, m.(vado), a bail, surety ; vades 
poscere, Cic ; vades deserere, Liv. ; vas factus 
est alter (Damon) eius sistendi, Cic. 

2. vas, vSsis, n. (plur., vasa-orum), a vessel, 
vase, utensil of any kind. I. Gen., vas vinariuin, 
Cic. II. Esp., plur., war materials, baggage; 
vasa colligere, to pack up one's baggage, Cic. ; 
vasa conclamare, to give the signal for pocking 
up, Caes. 

vasarium -ii, n. (2. vas). I. money given to the 
governor of a province for his outfit, Cic. II. the 
hire of an oil-jiress, Cato. 

VascSnes -um, m. a peopiUin Hispania Tar- 
raeonensis. 

vascularius -Ii, m. (vasculum), a maker oj 
metal vessels and dishes, goldsmith, Cic 

vasciilum -i, n. (dim. of 2. vas). I. a small 
vessel or dish, Cato. II. fc seed capside of cer- 
tain fruits, Plin. 

va.Bta.tio -onis, f. (vasto), u devastating, lay- 
ing waste; agri, Liv.; omnin. \ Cic; plur., 
depopulations, vastationes, caedeo. rapinae, Cic. 

vastator -Oris, m. (vasto), devastator, rav- 
ager; Arcadiae (of a boar), Ov. ; feruTUT), « 
hunter, Verg. 

vaste, adv. (vastus). I. widely, vastly, ex- 
tensively; vastins Insurgens, Ov. II. rudely, 
roughly ; loqui, Cic. 



vaa 



607 



?eh 



VaStificiis -a -urn (vastus andl'aclo), laying 
tvaste, devastating, ravaging, Cic. poet. 

vastitas -atis, f. (vastus), an empty space, 
waste, emptiness. I. Lit., A. Gen., judiciorum 
vastitas etfori, Cic. B. Esp., emptiness through 
laying waste, devastation, desolation; Italiam 
totatu ad exitium ot vastitatcm vocare, Cic. II. 
Meton., 1, vastness, vast size, Plin. ; 2, plur., 
vastitates, the devastators ; piovineiaruin vasti- 
tates, Cic. 

vastities -SI, f. (vastus), devastation, destruc- 
tion, Plant. 

vasto, 1. (vastus), to empty, make empty. I. 
Gen., forum, Cic; with abl., agros cultoribus, 
Verg. II. Esp., 1, a, to waste, lay waste, ravage, 
devastate; agros, Cae3.,Cic. ; omnia ferroignique, 
Liv. ; b, to plunder; cultores, Tac. ; 2, fig., to 
prey upon; ita conscientia mentem exeitam 
vasta bat, Sail. 

vastus -a -urn (root VA, whence vanus), 
empty, waste, deserted, desolate. I. Lit., A. Gen., 
a, absol., loci coaedi Haiti an vasti, Cic. ; b, with 
ab and the abl., urbs a defensoiibus vasta, Liv. 
B. Esp., made empty by ravages, devastated; 
solum, Liv. ; poet., haec ego vasta dabo, will 
ravage, Verg. II. Meton., 1, vast, fearful in 
size, enormous, frightful, horrible; vasta et im- 
manis belua, Caes.; mare, Caes. ; 2 ? rough, rude, 
unrefined; vastus homo atque loedus, Cic; 
littera vastior, rougher, Cic. 

vates -is, c a prophet, soothsayer, seer. I. 
Lit., A. Liv., Cicero quae nunc usu veniunt 
cecinit ut vates, Cic. B. Esp., the inspired 
proplcetic singer, bard, poet ; cothurnatus, a 
tragic poet, Ov. ; Maeonius, Homer, Ov.; Lesbia, 
Sappho, Ov.; vates Aeneidos, Vergil, Ov. II, 
Transf., a teacher, master, Plin. (genit. plur., geu. 
vatum, also vatium). 

Vaticanus-a-um, Vatican; mom, collis, the 
Vatican Hill on the west side of the Tiber, Hor. ; 
plur., Vaticani colles, the hill with its surround- 
ings, Cic; ager Vaticanus, the country round 
the Vatican, notorious for its bad soil, which pro- 
duced jioor wine, Cic. 

vaticmatio -Cnis, f. (vatlcinor), a sooth- 
saying, prophesying ; earum litterarum vaticlna- 
tionem falsam esse cupio, Cic. ; plur., sortes et 
vaticinationes, Caes. 

vaticinator -oris, m. (vaticinor), a sooth- 
sayer, prophet, Ov. 

vaticinium -li, n. (vates), a prophecy, Plin. 

vaticinor, 1. dep. (vates), to prophesy. I, 
Lit., A. Gen., vaticinari furor vera solet, Cic. ; 
with ace and infin., saevam laesi fore numini3 
iram, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to warn as a seer, Ov. ; 
2, to teach as a seer ; doctum quendam virum 
carminibus Graecis vaticinatum ferunt, Cic. II. 
Trans f., to talk nonsense, to rave; sed ego fort- 
asse vaticinor, Cic. 

vaticinus -a -urn (vates), sootlisaying, pro- 
phetic, Liv., Ov. 

vatillum (batillum) -i, d. a chafing-dish' 
Hor. 

Vatinius -a -nm, the name of a Roman family, 
the most notorious member of xvhichwasP. Vatinius, 
o dependent of Caesar, so often attacked by Cicero 
that odium Vatinianum and crimina Vatiniana 
became proverbial. Hence, Vatinianus -a 
-urn, Vatinian. 

vat is = vates (q.v). 

vatlus -a -ran, bent imcards (applied to 
knock -kneed persons), Van - . 

"i. -ve (shortened form of vel), enclitic, or, or 
perhaps; duabus tribusve horis, Cic. ; poet., vc 
. . . ve, Ov., ve . . . aut, Prop., either . . . or. 



2. ve- (vae), an inseparable particle, express* 
ing excess or deficiency ; e.g., vecors, vegrandis, 
Vesanus. 

Vccilius mons, a mountain in Latium. 

vecordia (vaecordia) -ae, f. (vecors;, 
senselessness, foolishness, madness, Sail., Ter. 

vecors (vaecors) -cordis, abl. -cordi, genit. 
plur. -jordlutu (2. ve and cur), silly, senseless, 
foolish, mad, insane; a, of persons, vecordes 
sine colore, Cic. ; vecors do ^tribunal! decurrit, 
Liv.; iste vecordissimus, Cic. ; b, of tilings, 
impetus, Liv. 

vectabilis -e (vecto), that can be carried, 
portable, Sen. 

vectatlO -5nis, f. (vecto), a riding, driving, 
sailing, etc ; equi, Suet. 

vectigal -galis, abl. -gali, n. (for vectigale, 
from vectigalis), revenue. I. Of the state, or; 
of individual magistrates ; a, of the state, a tax, - 
impost, duty; portorium, dues on merchandise ; 
ex scriptura, a rent paid for the state paslureland;: 
decunia, a tithe on grain; portoria reliquaque 
vectigalia, Caes.; vectigal pergrande imponere. 
agro, Cic. ; vectigalia pendfire, topay, Cic ; b, of' 
magistrates, praetorium, presents to governors./ 
Cic. ; aedilicium, contribution through the gover-- 
nors of piwinces to the acdiles for the games at 
Rome, Cic II. private income, revenue ; ex ineo. 
tenui vectigali, Cic 

vectigalis -e (veho). I. of, or relating to 
taxes ; a, paid in taxes; pecunia, taxes, Cic. ; b, 
liable to taxes, tributary; civitas, Cic; Ubios 
sibi vectigales facere, Cic II. bringing in in- 
come for private persons ; equi, Cic. 

vectio -5nis, f. (veho), a carrying, conveyance; 
quadripedum vectiones, Cic. 

vectis -is, m. (veho), a lever. I. Gen., for 
lifting or for breaking something, a crow-bar; 
signum vectibus labefacere, Cic. ; bireiues im- 
pellere vectibus, Caes. II. Esp. = K \tis, a large 
bar for fastening a door, a bar, bolt, Cic, Verg. 

vecto, 1. (intens. of veho), to carry, convey ; 
plaustris ornos, Verg. ; fructus ex agris, Liv.. ; 
pass., to ride ; equis, Ov. ; or to be driven; car- 
pentie per urbem, Liv. 

Vectones = Vettones (q.v.). 

vector -5ris, m. (veho). I, one who carries, 
a carrier, bearer, Ov. II. Pass., one who is 
carried ; 1, on a ship, a passenger, a seafaring 
man, Verg. ; 2, on a horse, a rider, Ov. 

vectorius -a -um (vector), of or relating to 
carrying ; navigia, trans ;■< nte, Caes. 

vectura -ae, f. (veho). I. a conveying, car-i 
rying by ship or carriage ; frumenti, Caes. ; sine 
vecturae periculo, of a sea-passage, Cic. II.. 
Meton. passsage-money, fare, Plaut. 

vSgeo, 2. (connected with vigeo), to stir vp, 
quicken, excite to rapid motion, Enn. 

v&getus -a -um (vegeo), lively, vigorous, 
active ; homo, Cic. ; mens, Cic ; ingenium, Liv. 

vegrandis -e. I. small, tiny, diminutive; 
farra, Ov. II. of huge size, very great; homo 
vegrandi macie torridus, Cic. 

vehemens -entis. I. violent, veliement, 
furious, imjjetuous ; a, of living "jjings, nimia 
es vehemens feroxque naturS, Cic. ; in agendo, 
Cic. ; se vehementem praebere in aliquem, Cic; 
lupus, Hor. ; b, of abstractions, vehemens et 
pugnax exordium dicendl, Cic. II. Transf., 
strong, powerful, vigorous; vehementius telum, 
Liv. ; veheinentior somnus, Liv. (also vemens, 
Lucr., Cat, Hor.). 

vehemente'r, adv. (vehemens). I. vehtr 
mently, violently ; agere, Cic. ; ingemuisse vehe- 
mentius, Cic. ; se vehemeDtissime exercere In 



veh 



608 



ve\ 



allqua re, Caes. II. Transf., strongly, power- 
/ally, forcibly, exceedingly ; hoc te vehemeuter 
etiam atque etiam rogo, Cic. ; vehemeuter do- 
lectari, Cic. ; vehementissime displicet, Cic. ; 
vehementer utilis, Cic. 

v&hementla -ae, f. (vehemens). I. vehe- 
mence, violence, passionateness, Plin. II, Transf., 
ttnngth, power, Plin. 

Vches -is, f. (velio), a cartload, Cato. 

voliiculum -i, n. (veho), a vehicle, convey- 
ance; a, by water, a boat, skiff, Cic; b, by 
land, a waggon, carriage; vehieulum frumento 
onustum, Liv. 

veho, vexi, vectum (root VE, whence vea, 
old Lut. = via), to carry, hear, convey. I. Transit., 
A. Act., a, of men, on the shoulders or the 
back, in the arms, etc.; reticulum humero, Hor.; 
of animals, taimis qui vexit Enropam, Cic; b, 
on water, quos vehit unda, Vcrg. ; c, on horse- 
back, in a carriage, triumphantem (Camillum) 
albi vexerant equi, Liv. ; d, in other manners, 
formica, vehit ore cibum, Ov. ; transf., quod fu- 
giens hora vexit, Hor. B. Pass., vehi, as middle ; 
a, to ride, drive ; curru vehi, Cic. ; in navi, Cic; 
vehi post se, Liv.; b, to advance; sex motibus 
vehitur, Cic. ; c, to fly ; apes trans aethera 
vectae, Verg. II. Intransit., to be borne, to ride; 
only in partic. pres. and gerund, vehens qnad- 
rigis, Cic. 

Velus, v. Veji. 

Vejens, v. Veji. 

Vejento -5nls, m. a surname of the Fabricii, 
one of whom, a contemporary of Cicero, was left 
governor of Syria by Bibulus. 

Veji -Srum, in. an old town in Etruria, for a 
long time the rival of Rome, dctroyed by Camillus, 
near modern Isola. Hence, A. Vejens -eiitis, 
m. Veientine; subst., Vejen3 -eiitis, in. a 
Veientine ; plur., Vejentos -mil, in. the Veien- 
tines. B. Vejentanus -a -um, Veientine ; 
subst, Vejentanum -i, n. a kind of poor wi -•>, 
Hor. C. Velus -a -um, Veian. 

Vejovis (VedlSvis) -is, m. (ve and Jovis), 
an old Roman avenging deity identified with 
Jupiter of the lower world, ar-i.with Apollo. 

vel(lit, imper. of volo = take what you will, 
the one err the other). A. Gen., 1, when alone, 
or; oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt, Cic. ; 
used with potius to correct a previous state- 
ment) ex hoc populo indornito vel potius iin- 
mani, Cic ; 2, doubled (.sometimes repeated 
three or four times), either . . or; cur non 
adsum vel spectator laudum tuarum vel parti- 
ceps vel socius vel minister consiliorum? Cic. ; 
the last statement is sometimes emphasised by 
joining to vel etiam or vero or omnino ; quae 
vel au usum vltae vel etiam ad Ipsam rem- 
publlcam conferro possumus, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
and also; pariter pietato vel armis, Verg. ; 2, 
In a climax, or even, actually ; per me vel stortas 
licet, Cic. ; often used with the superl., vel 
maxime, especially, Cic. ; 3, a. especially ; est 
tibiex his ipsis, qui adsunt, bella copia, vel ut 
a te Ipso ordiare, Cic. ; b, for example ; raras 
tuas quidem, Bed suaves acciplo litteras ; vel 
quas proximo acceperam, quam prudentes, Cic. 

Velabrum -1, n. a district in Rome le.ween 
the vievs Tuscus and the forum boarium. 

velamen -Inls, n. (velo), a covering, clothing, 
garment, Verg. 

velamontum -i, n. (velo). I. o covering, 
Sen. II, Esp. velamenta, the, olive-branches 
wound round with wool, carried by suppliants; 
l-amos oleao ac velamenta aim supplicum por- 
Jigentes, Liv- 



Velaris -e (velum), belonging li) rt nci'tain ; 
anulus, a euriain-rUig, Plin, 

velarium -li, n. (velum), the awning spread 
over the uncovered part of a theatre, Juv. 

velatl -Oram, m., milit. 1. 1., the reserve, 
supernumerary troops who took the place of those 
who fell in battle; used always iu the phrase, 
acceusi velati, Cic. 

veles -Itis, m., usually plur., velites, light- 
armed infantry, skirmishers, Liv. ; transf., scurra 
veles, Cic. 

V£lia -ae f. I. a district on the Palatine 
Hill in Rome. VL the Latin name of the Lucanian 
town. Elea ('EAe'a), now Caste!!' a Mare cie.lla 
liruca. Hence, A. Veliensis -e, Velian. B. 
Velinus -a -inn, Veline. 

vellfer -f£ra -ffirum (velum and fero), carry- 
ing sail, Ov. 

veliflcatio -onis, f. (velilieo), a sailing; Cic. 

vellflco, 1. (velificus), to sail. I. Intransit., 
Prop. II. Transit,, partic, veliflcatus -a 
•tun, sailed through; Athos, Juv. 

veliflcor, 1. dep. (velificus), to spread the 
sails, sail; hence, I. to sail, Prop. II. Fig., 
to work with full sails, to strive for earnestly, be 
zealous for; alicui, ap. Cic. ; hoBOii suo, Cic. 

velificus -a -um (velum and facio), sailing, 
Plin. 

1. Velinus, v. Velia. 

2. Velinus -i, m. a lake in the Sabine country, 

drained by the consul if. Curins Dentatus, now 
Pie di Lugo or Lai/o delle Marmore. Hence, 
Velina tribus, the tribe in the valley of the 
Velinus, Cic. 

Voliocasses -lam, in. and Veliocassl 

■firum, in. a Gallic people on the right bank of the 
Seine, whose, capital was Rodomagns, now Rouen. 

Velltaris -e (veles), of or relating to the velites 
or light-armed troops ; arnia, Sail. ; hastoe, Liv. 

velltatio -onis, f. (velitor), skirmishing ; 
transf., a wrangling, bickering, Plaut. 

velitor, 1. dep. (veles), to skirmish ; transf., 
to wrangle, dispute, Plant. 

Volitrae -arum, f. a town of the Volsci *» 
Latium, now Velelri. Hen'e, Vellternus -a 
-um, of Velitrae. 

velivolans = velivolus^q.v.). 

vellvdlus -a -um (velum and volo), flying 
with sails; of ships, rates, Ov. ; of the sea, 
traversed by sails, Verg. 

Vellaunodunum -i, n. a town in Gallia 
Lvgduncnsis, now Chatcan-Landon or Montargis. 

Vellavi -firum, m. a Celtic, people in modern 
Velay in the. Cevennes. 

Vellejus -a -um, n Roman gens, the most 
celebrated members of which were: 1, C. Vellejus 
Paterculus, a famous Roman historian under 
Augustus and Tiberius ; 2, C. Vellejus, friend 
oftht orator Crassus, tribune of the. people, 01 B.C. 

vellioatlo -onis, f. (vellico), a plucking; 
fig., twitting, taunting, Sen. 

vellico, 1. (intena. of vello), to pluck, twitch. 
I. Lit, Piaut. II. to taunt, criticise, censure, 
rail at; in circulls, Cic. ; absentem, Hor. 

vello, vulsi (volsi) and veil!, vulsum (vol- 
sum), 3. to pluck, pull, twitch. I. Gen., alicui 
barbam, Hor. ; latus digitis (to arrest a person's 
attention), Ov.; aurem.Verg. II. Esp., to pluck 
off, pluck out ; a. spinas, Cic; postes a cardine, 
Verg. ; b, milit. 1 1, vallum, topull up the jiaU- 
sade, and so tear down the rampart, Liv. ; signn, 
to take the standards out of the ground, to match 
away, Liv.; transf., of bees, cRstrlB slgna, Verg. 



Vel 



GOO 



ven 



Vellocasses = Veliocaascs (q.v.). 

vellus -eris, n. (root VELL, whence villus, 
connected with pellis), wool when shorn off, a 
fleece. I. A. Lit, vellera motis traliere dignis, 
to spin, Ov. B. Meton., the whole skin, with the 
wool, either on ovoffthe animal ; Phrixea vellera, 
Ov. ; port, transi. , any hUle, e.g., of a lion or 
stag, Ov. II. Transf. of that which is like ivool, 
lanae velleiii, per caelum feiTi, fleecy clouds, Verg. 

velo, 1. (velum), to cover, veil, envelop. I. 
A. Lit., capita amictu, Verg. ; toga velatus, 
Liv. B. Transf., to crown, adorn; tempora 
invito, Verg. ; caput velatum filo, Liv. II. 

Pig., 'o hide, conceal, veil; odium fallacibua 
blanditiis, Tac. 

velocitas -:tt is, f. (velox), quickness, rapidity, 
velocity. I. Lit., velocitas corporis celeritas 
vocatur, Cic. II. Transf., mali, Plin. 

VelOClter, adv. (velox), quickly, rapidly, 
swiftly ; aliquid velociter auferre, Ov. ; velocins 
pervolare in liane sedem, Cic; velocissiuie 
moveri, Cic. 

velox -ficis (from 2. volo, as ferox from fero), 
swift, rapid, quick, fleet. I. Lit., pedites veloc- 
issimi, Gaes. ; corvi, Verg. ; jaculum, Verg. ; 
toxicum, quick in operation, Hor. ; poet, for adv., 
ille velox desilit in latices, Ov. II. Transf., 
animus, Hor.; nihil est animo velocius, Cic. 

1. velum -i, n. (from vehe, as prelum from 
premo), a sail. I. Lit, antenniu subnectere 
totum velum, Ov. ; sing, collect., velo et remige 
portus intrat, Ov. ; gen. plur., vela dare, to 
sail away, Verg., Ov. ; vela facere, to have all. 
the sails set, Verg.; tig., dare vela ad id, unde 
aliquis status ostenditur, Cic. ; pandere vela 
orationis, to Jolloio Vie current of one's speech, 
Cic; vela contrahere, Cic. ; prov., remis velis- 
que, with all one's might, Cic II. Meton., a 
ship; reditnra vela tenebat euvus, Ov. 

2. velum (root VE, whence vestis), a cover- 
ing, curtain; tabernacula carousel's intenta velis, 
Cic; velis amicti, non togis, wrapped up like 
women, Cic. 

velumen = vellus (q.v.). 

veliit (veluti), adv. as, even as, just as. I. 
Correl. with sic foil. A. Gen., velut in cantu 
et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius natura et 
figura varios modos ciere, Cic. B. Esp., to intro- 
duce a simile, ac veluti magno in popnlo quum 
saepe coorta est seditio, sic, etc., Verg. II. 
Absol., A. Gen., velut hesterno die, Cic. ; veluti 
pecora, Sail. B. Esp., 1, to introduce an ex- 
ample, os, as fur instance; in bestiis aquatilibus 
iis, qu;ie gignuntur in terra, velut crocodili, etc., 
Cic. ; 2, to introduce a comparison, as, just as; 
frena dabat Sipylus, veluti quum praescius 
imbris, etc., Ov. ; 3, velut si, or simply velut, 
to introduce a hypothetical comparison, as if, 
just as if, just as though; a, velut si; abseutis 
Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset, 
horrerent, Caes.; b, velut or veluti alone; velut 
ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset, Liv. 

vemens = vehemens (q.v.). 

vena -ae, f. a blood-vessel, vein. I. A. Lit., 
1, venae et arteriae a corde tractae, Cic. ; 2, = 
arteria, an artery; plur.= the pulse ; si cui venae 
sic moventur, is habet febrein, Cic. B. Transf., 
a, a water-course ; venas et flumina fontis 
elicuere sui, Ov. ; b, a vein of metal; aeris, 
argenti, auri, Cic; meton. = metal ; venae 
pejoris aevum, Ov. ; c, a vein or streak in wood 
or stone, Ov. II. Fig., 1, met, the inmost, vital 
part; perioulum inclusum in venis et visceribus 
reipublicae, Cic. ; 2, a vein of talent, disposition, 
natural, inclination : benigna ingenii vena, Hor. 

venabulum -i, n. (venor), a hunting-spear; 
8pm m venabulo percutere, Cic. 

20 



Vendfrum -i, n. n very old toWil fi/ the 
Samnites in Campania, famous fur its oil, near 
modern Venafro, Hence, Venafranus -a -turn 
Venafran. 

venalicius -a -tlm (venalis). \. of or relat- 
ing to sale; suiist., venalicia -linn, n. import 
and export icare.i; portoria venallcium, Liv. II. 
Ksp., relating lo the sale of slaves ; subst, vena- 
licius -ii, in. a slave-dealer, Cic. 

venalis -e (2. venus). I. on sale, to be sold ; 
horti, Cic. ; subst., venales, skives put up for 
sale, Cic. II. Transf., that can be bought 'With 
bribes or gifts, venal ; vox, Cic. ; habere venalem 
in Sicilia jurisdictionem, Cic. 

venaticus -a -um (venatus), of or relating tt 
the chase ; canis, Hor. 

venatio -onis, f. (venor). I. the chase, hunt- 
ing. A. Lit., aucupium atque venatio, Cic. B, 
Meton., game; venatio capta, Liv. II. a wild- 
beast hunt in the circus or amphitheatre ; ludorum 
venationumque apparatus, Cic 

venator -oris, m. (venor), a hunter, sports- 
man, Cic; tig., physieus id est. speculator 
venatorque naturae, Cic 

venatorius -a -um (venator), of or relating 
to hunting or the cliase ; galea, Nep. 

venatrix -Icis, f. (venator), a. huntress, Ov., 
Verg.; attrib., puella, Diana, Juv. 
venatura -ae, f. (venor), a hunting, Plant. ' 
venatUS -us, m. (venor), the chase, hunting ; 
labor in venatu, Cic. 
vendax -acis, (vendo), /ond of selling, Cato. 
vendibilis -e (vendo). I. on sale, saleable ; 
ilia via Hcrculanea, Cic. II. Transf., pleasant, 
acceptable ; oratio, Cic. ; sint ilia vendibilioi-a, Cic. 
venditarius -a -um (vendo), on sale, sale- 
able, Plant. 

venditatio -onis, f. (vendito), a putting up 
for sale; hence, tig. = a boasting, vaunting dis- 
play ; venditatio atque ostentatio, Cic; sine 
venditatione, Cic. 

venditator -oris, in. (vendito), a vaunter, 
boaster, Tac. 

vcmiitio -onis, f. (vendo), a selling, scde. I. 
Gen., venditioni exponere, to expose for sale, Tac 
II. Esp., sale by auction; bonorum, Cic; plur., 
quain ad diem proscriptiones venditionesque 
tlant, Cic. 

vendito, 1. (intens. of vendo), to offer for 
sale repeatedly, try to sell. I. Lit, Tuscnlanum, 
Cic. II. Transf., 1, to sell (corruptly) ; decreta, 
Cic. ; pacem pretio, Liv. ; 2, to cry up, praise, 
recommend ; operam suam alicui, Liv.; se alicui, 
Cic; so existimationi hominum, Cic. 

venditor -oris, m. (vendo), a seller, vendor, 
Cic. 

vendo -dldi -ditum, 3. (contr. from venum do), 
to sell, vend. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., aliquid 
pecnniS grandi, Cic. ; male, cheap, Cic. ; partic 
subst, venditum -i, n. sale; ex empto aut 
vendito, Cic; 2, esp., a, to sell by auction; 
bona civiuin, Cic ; b, to let out to the highest 
bidder; decumas, Cic. B. Transf., a, to sell, 
betray for money; auro patriam, Verg.; b, to 
give oneself up to, to devote to (for money or some 
advantage), se regi, Cic. II. Fig., to cry up, re- 
commend ; Ligarlanam, Cic. (the passive of 
vendo is veneo, as in classical Latin venditus 
and vendendus are the only passive forms of 
vendo used). 

voncf iclum -Ii, n. (veneflcus). I. a poison- 
ing; meton. =■ poison, Liv. II. the preparation 
of magical draughts, magic, sorcery, Cic. . 

veneficus -a -um (venenum and facio), 
poisoning, poisonous, magical. I. Adj., artes, 



Ven 



810 



veil 



Hin. J verba, Ov. II. Subst., A. venef icus 

-i, m. a poisoner, an enchanter, Cic B. vone- 
fica -ne, f. a poisoner, a witch, llor. 

Venelli -Orum, m. a Gallic tribe in modern 
North-West Normandy, 

Venenarius -H in. (venenum), a poisoner, 
Suet. 

venenatus -a -um (venenum)- I. poisonous, 
poisoned ; a, lit., vipera, Cic. ; telv.in, Cic. ; b, 
fig., jocua, Ov. II. enchanted ', Virgo, Ov. 

v8nenlf£r -f5ra -ferum (venenum and fero), 
poisonous, Ov. 

veneno, 1. (venenum), to poison; carnem, Cic. 

venenum -i, n. I. A. poison; 1, lit, venen- 
um alieui dare, Cic. ; aliquem veneno Decare, 
Cic.; dare venenum in poculo Cic; 2, llg.= 
ruin, destruction, bane; discordip. est venenum 
urViis, Liv. ; pus atque venenum (of envenomed 
language), llor. B. a magic draught, a philtre ; 
quasi veneno perllcere Ut, etc., Cic. II. colour- 
ing matter, dye; Assyrium, Verg. ; Tarentinum, 
Hor. ; rouge, Ov. 

veneo (vaeneo), venii, venum, 4. (for 
venum eo, from venus, sale), to go to sole, to be 
sold (pass, of vendo). I. Gen., mancipia veni- 
bant, Cic. ; venire sub corona a eonsule et 
praetore, Liv. ; with abl. of juice, auro, Hor. ; 
with genit. of price, mi iris, Cic. II. Esp., to 
le let to the highest bidder ; quanti venierant, Cic. . 

venerabllis -e (veneror), venerable, rev;: end; 
venerabilis vir miraculo litterarum, venerabilior 
divinitate, Liv. ; of things, donum, Verg. 

vencrabundus -a -um (veneror), reverent, 
respectful, Liv. 

veneranelus -a -um, p. adj. (from veneror), 
worthy of reverence, to be revered; amicus, Hor. 

vfineratlo -onis, f. (veneror). I. Act, 
reverence, respect, veneration ; hain't venerationem 
justam quidquid excellit, Cic. II. Fass., vener- 
ableness ; fcuiinae, Tac. 

venerator -oris, m. (veneror), a venerator, 
merer; domus vestrae, Ov. 

VenSrlus, v. 1. venus. 

venero = veneror (q.v.). 

veneror, 1. dep. I. to reverence, venerate, re- 
gard with religious awe, honour • doos sancte, 
Cic; Larem farre pio, Verg. II. Meton., to 
ask reverently, beseech with awe; nihil horum 
veneror, Hor. (partic, veneratus, pass. = hon- 
oured ; venerata Ceres, Hor.). 

Veneti -firnm, m. I. a people originally of 
Thracian origin, who settled on the north-west 
coast of the Adriatic. Hence, Venctia -ae, f. 
the land of the Veneti. II. a people in Gallia 
Lugdunensis, near modern Vannes. Hence, A. 
Vfinetia -ae, f. the land of tlie Veneti. B. 
V£neticus -a -um, Venetian. 

venetus -a -um, bluish, sea-coloured, Jnv. ; 
factio, the party of charioteers who were clad in 
blue, Suet. 

venia -ae, f. (root VEN, whence 1. venus), 
grace, indulgence, favour. I, Gen., a, petere 
veniam legatis mittendis, Liv. ; dedi veniam 
homini impudenter petenti, Cie. ; dare veniam 
■•xciisatioiiis, Cic; b, in the phrase, bon.1 veniS 
or bona cum venia, with your permission, by 
yoiir leave; bona venia mo audies, Cic. ; vos oro 
atque obsecro, judiccs, ut attente bonaque cum 
venia verba mea audiatis, Cic. ; bonfi. venia Imin 
optimi viri dixeriin, Cic. II. indulgence to 
faults, grace, pardon, forgiveness; veniam im- 
petrare errati, Cic; dare veniam et impuni- 
tatcm, Cic. 

Venilia -ae, f. I. a nymph, mother of 
Turnus. II, wife of Janus, ' 



venio, veni, ventum, 4. to come. I. Lit., A> 
Gen., 1, of persons, a, istinc, Cic.J hue, Cic; 
ad aliquem, Cic; ad urbem, Cic; sub aspectuui, 

Cic ; with ace. of place, domuni ad aliquem, 
Cic; sexto die Dclum Athenis, Cic; with d:it. 
of object, venire auxilio, subsidio, Caes. ; witli 
inlln., specular!, Liv. ; impels., ad quos ventum 
erat, Caes.; b, to come with hostile intent ; veniens 
hostis, Verg. ; iinpera., veniri ad so existimautes, 
Cnes. ; 2, of things, frumentum Tiberi venit, 
Liv.; dum tibi litterae nieae veniant, Cic. B. 
Esp., 1, to come = to return; Romam, Liv.; 
qm<m venies, Ov. ; 2, to come = to come forth; 
a, veniens sol, Hor.; b, =to grow; veniant 
felicius uvae, Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen., 1, of 
persons, a, ut ad id aliquando, quod cupiebat, 
veniret, Cic; b, to come hostilely ; contra sum- 
mam amiei existimationem, Cic ; 2, of things, 

a, venire in mentem, to come into ones head, Cic; 

b, of time, to happen, to come, arrive ; ubi ea 
dies qnani constituerat venit, Caes. ; veuientis 
anni, of the coming year, Cic. B. Esp., 1, 
venio in aliquid, to come, to or fall into any state 
or condition ; in calamitatem, Cic. ; in conaue- 
tudinem, Cic. ; alieui in amicitiani, Caes. ; 2, of 
speech, to come, to, arrive at a part of a subject ; 
venio ad recentiores litteras, Caes.; 3, a, —to 
be derived from; Bobrycia de gente, Verg. ; b, 
to arise from; inajua commodum ex otio meo 
quam ex aliorum negotiis reipublicae venturum, 
Sail.; 4, to happen; haec ubi veniunt, Cie. ; 5, 
to come to the lot of, fall to; hereditates inihi 
negasti venire, Cic. ; 6, to turn out, Tac. 

vennuoiila (vennunciila) uva -ae, f. a 
kind of grape, Hor. 

venor, 1. dep. to hunt. I. Intransit, ii qui 
venari Solent, Cic. II. Transit., to hunt, chase ; 
1, lit., leporein, Verg.; 2, fig., to pursue, strive 
after ; suflragia ventosao plebis, Hor. 

venosus -a -um (vena), full of veins, veiny, 
Plin. 

venter -tris, m. (connected with eVTepoi'), 
the belly. I. Lit., a, fabS venter inflatur, Cic ; 
b, the belly as the organ and- emblem of glutton;; ; 
ventrem lame domare, Liv. ; ventri oboedire, 
Sail. ; c, the womb, Jnv. ; meton., the fruit of the. 
womb, Hor. x II. Transf., a curving, protuber- 
ance, belly ; cresceret in ventrem cucumis, Verg. 

ventllabrum -i, n. (ventilo), a winnowing- 
fork; Varr. 

ventllatio -finis, f. (ventilo), an airing, 
Plin. 

ventilo, 1. (for ventulo from ventulus), tn 
toss to and fro in the air, fan, brandish in the 
air. I. Lit., 1, ventilat aura comas, Ov. ; 2, 
to winnow grain, Varr. II. Transf., to fan, to 
blow = to excite, provoke; illius lingua, quasi 
flabello seditionis, ilia turn est egentium contio 
ventilata, Cic. 

ventio -fmis, f. (venio), a coming, Plaut. 

ventlto, 1. (intens. of venio), to come often 
be wont to come; domum, Cic. ; in caBtra, Caes. 

ventosus -a -um (ventus), full oj wind, 
windy. I. a, lit., folles, Verg.; Germania 
ventosior, Tac. ; ventosissima regio, Liv. ; b, 
meton., svnft or light as the wind ; equi, Ov. ; 
olae, Verg. II. Fig., 1, windy, blown out = 
empty, vain; lingua, Verg.; 2, changeable, un- 
stable, inconstant; homo ventosissimus, ap. Cic; 
imperium, Cic 

ventrale -is, n. (venter), a belly-band, Plin. 

ventriculus -i, m. (dim. of venter), the 
belly. I. Gen., Jnv. II. Esp., the stomach, 
Plin. ; cordis, a ventricle, Cic 

ventriosus -a -um (venter), large-bellied, 
pot-bHlicd, Plaut. 



veil 



611 



Ver 



^entulus -i, m. (dim. of ventus), a slight 
mind, gentle breeze, Plant., Ter. 

ventus -i, m. wind. I. Lit., ventus incre- 
brescit, Cic. ; ventus intermittitur, Caes.; quuiu 
saevire ventus coepisset, Caes. ; prov. , in vento 
et aqua scribere, to labour in vain, Cat. ; pro- 
fundere verba ventis, Lucr. ; dare verba in 
ventos, Ov. ; to talk in vain; dare- verba ventis, 
not to keep one's word, Ov. ; ventis tradero rem, 
to oblivion, Hor.; terre videre sua gaudia ventos, 
to come to nothing, Verg. II, Fig., a, the wind 
as a sign of good or ill success ; venti secundi, 
good fortune, Cic. ; b, as a means of raising a 
disturbance ; omnes rumorum et contionum 
ventos eolligere, rumours, Cic. ; c, in the state; 
quicunique venti crunt, whichever way the wind 
bloivs, whatever the circumstances may be, Cic; d, 
favour of the people; ventum popularem esse 
quaesitum, Cic. 

venucula = vennncula (q.v.). 

venundo -dfidi -datum, 1. (for venumdo, 
from 2. veuus and do), to sell ;■ esp., captives taken 
in war; captivos sub corona, Liv. 

1. venus -firis, f. (root VEN, whence venia), 
that which is pleasing. I. Appellat., beauty, 
charm, loveliness, attractiveness ; a, quo fugit 
venus? Hor. ; b, in works of art; fabula nullius 
veneris, Hor. II. Proper name, Venus. A. 
the goddess of love and grace, xvife of Vulcan, 
mother of Cupid; Veneris puer, Cupid, Ov. ; so 
Veneris iilius, Cupid, Ov., or Aeneas (son of 
Ancliises and Venus), Ov. ; mensis Veneris, 
April, Ov. B. Meton., 1, love, Ov. ; 2, the 
beloved object, Verg. ; 3, the planet Venus, Cic. ; 
4, the Venus throw, the highest throw of the dice, 
Prop. Hence, A. Venerius -a -uni, 1, of or 
relating to Venus; Venerii servi and simply 
Venerii, the slaves in the temple of the Erycinian 
Venus, Cic; stibst, a, Venerius -i, in. (sc. 
jactus), the Venus throw, the highest throw of the 
dice, Cic. ; b, Venereae -Sium, f. a kind of 
mussel, Plin. ; 2, relating to sensual love; res, 
Cic. 

2. venus -us and -i, m. only found in dnt. 
and ace, sale; a, dat., venui and vono, veno 
dare aliquid alicui, Tac. ; b, gen. ace, venum 
dare,' to sell, Sail. ; venum ire, to be sold, Liv. 

Veniisia -ae, f. an old town of the Samnites 
in Apulia, now Venosa. Hence, Vcnusinus 
-a -um, Venusine. 

venustas -atis, f. (venus), loveliness, beauty, 
cliarm, attractiveness; a, of the body, corporis, 
Cic; b, of discourse, grace, wit ; liominuin, Cic; 
C. of manner, charm, attractiveness; homo 
ailluens omni venustate, Cic. 

venusto, adv. (venustns), beautifully, charm- 
ingly ; alicui venustissime respondere, ap. Cic. 

venustulus -a -um (dim. of venustns), 
charming, beautifid, Plant. 

venustns -a -um (venus), charming, lovely, 
beautiful, graceful; a, of the body, gestus et 
motus corporis, Cic. ; b, of discourse, charming, 
attractive, delightful ; sermo, Cic ; sententiae, 
Cic 

vepallidus -a -um, very pale, Hor. 

veprecula -ae, f. (dim. of vepres), a thorn- 
bushj bramble-bush, Cic 

vepres -is, m. (f. Lucr.), gen. plur., vepres, 
a thorn-bush, briar-buslt, bramble-busli ; sepul- 
crum saeptum uhdique et vestitum vepribua et 
dumetis, Liv. 

ver, veris, n. (^p), spring. I. a, lit., primo 
vere, in the beginning of spring, Liv. ; quum ver 
esse coeperat, Cic ; b, tran'sf., spring-time of 
life, spring; aetatis, Ov. II. Meton., that 
which is brought by spring ; ver sacrum, an offer- 



ing of the firstlings, originally of men and of cattle. 
afterwards of cattle alone, made o«. extraordinary 
occasions; ver sacrum vovere, Liv. 

Veragri -orum, ra. an Alpine people in Gallia 
Narboucusis. 

veratrum -i, n. hellebore, Plin. 

verax -acis (verus), speaking the truth, truth- 
ful, veracious; oraculura, Cic. ; Herodotum cur 
veraciorem ducam Ennio, Cic. ; with inlln., 
vosque veraces cecinisse Parcae, Hor. 

verbascum -i, n. the plant mullein, Plin. 

verbenaca -ae, f. the plant vervain, Plin. 

Verbenae -arum, f. boughs of olive, laurel, 
myrtle, cypress and tamarisk, sacreil boughs, 
carried by tho Fetiales, Liv., and by certain 
priests, Cic. 

verbenarius -li, m. (verbenae), one who 
carries sacred boughs, applied to the Fetiales, Plin. 

verbenatus -a -um (verbenae), croivned 
with sacred boughs, Suet. 

verber -Cris, n. in sing, only in genit. and' 
abl. (reduplicated form of root FER, whence 
ferire). I. a bloio, stroke, lash ; 1, gen., a, sing., 
virgae, Ov. ; trementes verbere ripae, Hor.; b, 
plur., verbera caudao, Hor.; dareverbera ponto, 
of swimmers, Ov. ; 2, esp. only plur., verbera, 
blows with a whip or scourge, a thrashing, flogging, 
whipping; a, lit., castigare aliqucm verberibus, 
Cic; verberibus lacerari, Liv. ; b, llg., patruae 
verbera linguae, invectives, Hor.; contumeliaruni 
verbera, Cic. II. the instrument that inflicts the 
blow. A. a cudgel, or gen., a whip, scourge ; a, 
sing., verber tortus, Verg. ; ictus verberis, Ov. ; 
b, plur., jubet verbera afferri, Liv. B. the 
thong of a sling or other missile weapon, Verg. 

verberabilis -e (verbero), deserving to be 
flogged, Plant. 

verberatio -onis, f. (verbero), punishment, 
chastisement ; trausf., ap. Cic. 

verberatus -tt, m. (verbero), a beating, 
Plin. 

verbereus -a -um (verber), deserving to be 
flogged, Plant. 

1. verbero, 1. (verber), to beat, strike. I. 
Gen., aethera alis, Verg. ; Mutinam tormentis, 
to fire upon, Cic. ; vineae grandine verbcratae, 
beaten down, Hor. II. Esp., to beat with a 
whip, scourge, etc.; to flog, thrash, scourge; 
aliqucm pulsare et verberare, Cic. ; alicuius 
oeulos virgis, Cic; 2, fig., to lash with words, 
to attack, assail; orator istos verberabit, Cic. 

2. verbero -onis, m. (verber), one who de- 
serves a flogging, a rasccd, Cic 

Verbigenus pagus, one of the cantons of the 
II el vet ii. 

verbose, ndv. (vcrbosus), diffusely, ver- 
bosely ; satis verbose, Cic ; haec ad te scripsi 
verbosius, Cic. 

verbosus -a -um (verbum), copious, diffuse, 
verbose ; a, of persons, Cic. ; b, of things, 
simulatio, Cic. ; epistola verbosior, Cic. 

verbum -i, n. (root VER, Or. EP, whenca 
eipw, pijua), a word, erpression ; plur., talk, 
discourse. I. Gen., a, verbum nunquam in 
publico facere, to speak in public, Cic. ; vidette 
hoc uno verbo unde signiflcari res duas, et 
ex quo et a quo loco, Cic; verba facere; -to 
speak, absol., Cic. ; pro aliquo, do aliquo, de 
aliqua re, Cic. ; ille dies ncfastus erit, per queui: 
tria verba silentur, when the praetor does : notc 
nse the formula, Do, Dico, Addico, i.e., when -In 
does not administer justice, Ov. ; b, esp. phrases, 
(a) verbo, by a word ; verbo de sententia" desti- 
tisti, Cic ; (j3) uno verbo, in a word, briefly ; ut; 
uno verbo complectar, diligentia, Cic; (v) verbis', 



Ver 



G12 



ver 



hy words alone, (opp. opere), Ci<\; (&) ad verbum, 
e verbo, <le verbo, pro verbo, ivord for word, 
accurately; fabellae Lntinae ad verbum deGraeeis 
expressae, Cie. ; reddere verbum pro verbo, 
Cic ; (e) verbi causa or gratia, for example; si 
quis, verbi causa, oriente Canicula ortus est, Cic; 
(f) meis (tuis, suis) verbis, in my (thy, his) 
name ; si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus, 
Cic. II. A. mere words, mere talk (opp. reality); 
existimatio, Jecus, iufainia, verba sunt atque 
ineptiae, Cic.; in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt 
liberi omnes, nominally, Cic; verba darealicui, 
to cheat, cozen, deceive, Cic. B. Collect., an ex- 
pression, saying ; quod verbum in pectus Jugur- 
thae altius, quam quisquam ratus erat, descendit, 
Sail. C. Grammat. t t., a verb; ut. sententiae 
verbis tiniantur, Cic. 

Vercellae -arum, f. a town in Gallia Cis- 
alpina, now Vercelli. 

Vercingetorix -rlgis, m. a chief of the 
Gauls in the time of Caesar. 

verculum -i, n. (dim. of ver), little spring, 
used as a term of endearment, Plant. 

vere, adv. (.verus), truly, in truth, rightly, 
aright ; dicere, Cic. ; Tie libentius haec in ullum 
evomere videar quam verius, Cic. ; verissime 
loqui, Cic. 

verecunde, adv. (verecundus), modestly, 
shyly, bashfully ; turn ille timide vel pot ins vere- 
cunde inquit, Cic. ; verecundius liac de re jam 
dudnm loquor, Cic. 

vSrecundia -ae, f. (verecundus), a, modesty, 
shame, liashfulness, shyness; (a) absol., meant stul- 
tamverecundiainl Cic; (0)with subject, genit., 
Tirouis.Cic. ; (y) with object, genit., turpitudinis, 
on account of disgrace, Cie. ; b, propviety, respect ; 
harum rernm commemorationem verecundia 
saepe impedivit utriusqne nostrum, Cic. ; c, re- 
ligious reverence, awe, respect; with object, genit., 
deorum, Liv. ; d, a feeling of shame, a sense of 
shajne, Liv.; verecundlae est, with infln., one is 
ashameil, hesitates ; privatis dictatorem poscere 
reum verecundiao non fuit, Liv. 

vSrecundor, 1. dep. (verecundus), to be 
bashful, ashamed, shy; with infin., in publicum 
prodire, Cic. 

Verecundus -a -urn (vereor), feeling shame, 
bashful, shamefaced, modest, shy, diffident, coy; 
1, of persons, a, absol., homo nnn nimis vere- 
cundus, Cic. ; b, with in and the abl., nee in 
faciendis verbis audax et In transferendis vere- 
cundus et parcus, Cie.; 2, of things, vultns, 
Ov.; color, blush, Hor.; oratio, Cic.; translatio, 
not forced, natural, Cic. 
veredus -1, m. a swift horse, hunter, Mart. 
verendus -a -nil), p. adj. (from vereor), 
venerable, reverewl ; majestas, ov. ; patres, Ov. 
ver£or -Itns sum, 2. dep. I. /<) stand in awe 
of; 1, to fear ; a, with ace, hostein, Caes. ; bella 
Gallica, Cic.; b, with ace. and infln., vereor 
committere ut, etc., Cic. ; qnos interftcere 
vereretur, Cic; 2, to feel reverence, to be reverent 
towards, to revere ; a, with ace, metuebant eum 
servf, verebantur liberi, Cic. ; quern et amabat 
ut fratem et ut majorem fiatrem verebatur, Cic ; 
b. with genit., ne tui quidem testimonil veritus, 
Cic. XI. to fear = to have to fear, to be afraid, 
to be anxious about, to suspect; a, with ace, 
periculum, Cues.; b, with ne (that), or ut, or ne 
non (that not), vereor ne turpe Bit tlmero, Cic. ; 
et tamen veremur ut hoc natura patlatur, Cic. ; 
o, absol., eo minus veritus navibus quod, etc., 
Caes. 
veretrum •!, n. (vereor) r= alSolov. 

VerglllUS -li, m., P. Vergilius Maro, the 
qreat Roman poet, born at Andes in the Mantuan 



country, contemporary of Augustus, Horace, and 
Ovid, author of the Aencid, the Heoryics, and the 
Eclogues. 

Vergmlus -a -uni, the name of a Roman 
family, the must celebrated of which teas Vergini.i, 
the. daughter of the centurion L. Verginius, who 
hilled her in the market- place, to deliver her from 
the designs of lite decemvir Appius Claudius. 

vergo, versi, :?. (connected with verto). I. 
Intransit., to betid, to be inclined. A. Lit., 
omnibus eius (terrae) partibus in medium ver- 
gentibus, Cic B. Transf., 1, to be inclined, 
to be directed ; a, of persons and objects con- ' 
nected with persons, nisi Brnti auxilium ad 
Italiam vergere quam ad Asiam maluissemus, 
Cic. ; b, of places, to lie towards, be situated 
towards ; ad Humeri, Caes. ; ad septemtriones, 
Caes. ; 2, to approach, come near; a, of time, 
to come, to an end; vergente auctumno, Tac. ; 
b, of disposition, etc., to tend to, Tac II. 
Transit., to bend, turn, incline ; 1, gen., middle, 
vergi, to incline, Lucr. ; 2, esp., to pour in ; 
amoma in sinus, Ov. 

vergobretus (from Celtic guerg = efficax, 
and breth or breath = judicium, thus = judic- 
ium exsequens), the executor of judgment, name 
of the highest magistrate of the Aedui, Caes. 

veridlcus -a -um (veins and dico). I. truth- 
speaking, truthful ; vox, Cic; veridica interpres 
deum, Liv. II. truly spoken, true, Plin. 

vcrlloquium -li, n. (veins and loquor), 
translation of ervjuoAoyia, etymology, Cic 
verisimilis -e, probable, likely, Cic. 
verisimilitude -Inis, f. (verisimilis), pro-, 
bability, Cic. 

Veritas -atis, f. (verus), truth. I. Gen., the 
true, actual nature of a thing, reality; in omni 
re vincit imitationein Veritas, Cic. ; imitari 
veritatem (of works of art), to be true to nature, 
Cic; qiuuu in veritate dicemus, in reality (i.e., 
in the forum, not simply for practice), Cic 
II. Esp. (as opp. to falsehood), truth; 1, lit., 
cuius aures veritnti clansae sunt, Cic ; 2, 
meton., truthfulness, honesty; in tuam tidem, 
veritatem confngit, Cic. 

verlverbium -ii, n. (verus and verbum), 
speaking the truth. Plant. 

vermiciilatio -on is, f. (vermiculor), a worm- 
hole in plants, Plin. 

vermiciilatus -a -um (vermiculus), vcr- 
miculatcd ; pavimentum, inlaid with very small 
stones, Plin. 

vermiculor, 1. dep. (vermiculus), to be full 
of worms, to be worm-eaten, Plin. 

vermiculus -i, m. (dim. of vermis), a little 
worm, Lucr. 

verminatio -Cmis. f. (vermino), 1, the worms, 
a [disease of animals, Plin.; 2, a vain in the 
limbs, Sen. 

vermino, 1. (vermis), 1, to have worms, Sen.; 
2, to have a crawling, itching pain in tfe Umb9, 
Sen. 

vermlnosus -a -um (vermis), full of worms,- 
Plin. 
vermis -is, m. (verto), a worm, Lucr. 
verna -ae, c. a slave born in the house. I. 
Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a native, Mart. 

veraaoiilus -a -um (verna). I. of or re- 
lating to a slave born in the house ; subst., ver- 
naoulus -i, m. a Jester, buffoon, Suet. II. 
Transf., native, domestic, i.e., Roman; crimen 
domesticum et vcrnaculum, Cic. 

vernatlo -onls, f. (verno). I. the shedding 
of the skin by snakes, Plin. II. Metcn., th* 
slough or cast-off fkin, Flin, 



ver 



613 



ver 



vernilis -e(verna), 1, slavish, mean, abject; 
blanditiae, Tac. ; 2, v crt > Jroward; verbum. 
Tac. 

vermlitas -Stis, f. (vernilis), 1, mean ser- 
vility, Son.; 2, pertness, frowardness, Plin. 

vernillter, adv. (vernilis), likeahousc-slavc; 
fungi officiis, llor. 

verno, 1. (ver), to be spring-like, flourish, 
grow green. I. Lit., vernat humus, Ov. ; avis, 
to begin to sing, Ov. II. Transf., duia vernat 
sanguis, is lively, Prop. 

vernula -ae, c. (dim. of verna), 1, a slave 
bom in the house, Jifv. ; 2, transf., native, in- 
digenous, Juv. 

vemus -a -urn (ver), of or relating to spring, 
spring-like, vernal ; acquinoctium, Liv. ; flores, 
Hor. ; tenipus, Cic. 

vero, adv. (veins), in truth, truly, really, in- 
deed, in fact. I. Adv., a, Cic. ; at the begin- 
ning of a letter, ego vero cupio, te ad me venire, 
I wish really, Cic. ; b, often placed before affirm- 
._ ative answers,' certainly, to be sure; vero, mea 
puella, Cic. ; in negative answers, minime vero, 
Cic. ; c, in addresses, invitations, demands, 
then, pray ; tn vero me ascribe talem in nuni- 
erum, Cic; d, in a climax, even, indeed; in 
inediocribus vel studiis vel otliciis, vel vero 
ctiam negotiis conternnendnin, Cic. II. Transf., 
as an adversative particle, but indeed, but in 
-fact; illtid vero plane lion est ferendum, Cic; 
so in transitions in speech, nee vero tibi de 
versibus respondebo, Cic. 

Verona -ae, f. one of the most flourishing 

towns of North Italy, birthplace of Catullus. 

-Hence, Veronensis -e, of Verona; subst., 

Veronenses -Ium, m. the inhabitants of 

Verona. 

verpa -ae, f. the penis, Cat. 

verpus -i, m. (verpa), a circumcised man, 
Juv. 

1. verres -is, m. a boar, Hor. 

2. Verres -is, m., C. Cornelius, praetor in 
- Sicily; prosecuted and driven into exile by Cicero 

on a charge of extortion. Hence, A. VerriUS 
-a -uui, o/or belonging to Verres. B. Verrinus 
-a -am, o/or belonging to Verres; jus(\vith a pun 
on 1. verres and on the double meaning of jus, 
law and broth), Cic. 

1. verrinus -a -urn (1. verres), of or relating 
to a boar, Plin. 

2. Verrinus, v. 2. Verres. 

verro, versum, 3. to drag, trail on the 
ground. I. Gen., A. Lit, a, versa pulvis in- 
seribitur hasta, Verg.; b, of the winds, to sweep, 
■ drag away ; maria et terras ferre secuin et 
.verrere per auras, Verg. B. to sweep, to brush 
against; a, of mourners, crinibus templa, crin- 
ibus passis aras, Liv. ; b, of persons with long 
dresses, to sweep the ground; verrit humuiu 
palla, Ov. ; c, of animals swimming, to jxiss 
over, sweep along ; aequora caudis, Verg.; so of 
ships, remis vada livida, Verg.; d, of a harp- 
-player, duplici genialia nablia palma, Ov. II. 

A. to sweep with the broom; a, Plant.; b, on 
the thrashing-floor, to sweep together, collect, to- 
gether ; quidquid de Libycis vcrritur areis, Hor. 

B. to sweep clean, to clean; absol., qui tergunt, 
qui verrmit, Cic 

verruca -ae, f. a wart, excrescence, Plin. ; 
tig., a small fault (opp. tuber, a serious fault), 
Hor. 

verrucaria hcrba -ae, f. (verruca), a plant 
that removes warts, hcliotropion, Plin. 

Verrugo -ginis, f. a town of the Volsci. 

verrunco, 1. (verto), to turn out, esp, as 



religious t.t., bene venuncare, to turn out well, 
have a happy issue ; populo, Liv. 

versabilis -e (verso), movable, changeable, 

Sen. 

versabundus -a -urn (verso), turning 
round, revolving ; turbo, Lucr. 

versatilis -e (verso), turning round, re- 
volving. I. Lit., templuin caeli, Lucr. II. Fig., 
versatile ; ingenium, Liv. 

versatio -onis, f. (verso), a turning round, 
revolving. I. Lit., Plin. II. Pig., a changing, 
mutation, Sen. 

versicolor -oris (verso and color), changing 
in colour, of various colours, parti-coloured'; 
vestintentum, Liv. ; anna, Verg. ; plumae, Cic. 

versiciilus -i, m. (dim. of versus), 1, a little 
line ; a, epistolae, Cic ; b, uno versiculo (i.e., 
the formula, Videant consules ne quid detrimenti 
respublica capiat), Cic. ; 2, little verse, versicle, 
Cic 

versif icatlo -onis, f. (versilico), o making 
of verses, versification, Quint. 

versificator -oris, in. (versifico), a verse- 
maker, versifier, Quint. 

versifico, 1. (versus and facio), to write in 
verse, versify, Quint. 

versipellis (vorslpellis) -c (verto and 

pellis), cluiuging one's slcin ; hence, changing 
one's form. I. Lit., vcrsipellem se faeit (of 
Jupiter), Plant. Subst., one who can change 
himself into a wolf at pleasure, a werewolf, Plin. 
II. sly, subtle, crafty, Plaut. 

verso (vorso), 1. (verto). I. Freq.= to turn 
about often, to turn hither and thither, to turn, 
round. A. 1, lit., a, ferrum or massam forcipe, 
Verg.; lumina suprema, cast a last look, Ov. ; 
sorteiu urna, shake, Hor.; exemplaria Graeca 
nocturna versate manu, versate diurnS, read 
night ami day, Hor. ; reflex, and middle, to turn 
oneself round ; se in ntramque partem, mm solum 
inente, sed etiam corpore, Cic; middle, qui 
(orbes) versantur retro, Cic. ; b, of spinning, to 
turn the spindle ; levi teretem versare pollice 
fusum, Ov.; 2, transf., to move hither a nd thither, 
to drive round; a, act., (a) oves, to pasture, 
Verg.; (B) to torment, beat, harass; Dareta,Verg.,' 
b, middle, versari, (a) of persons = to stay, live, 
dwell; cum aliquo, Cic; in fundo, Cic; intra 
vallum, Caes. ; (0) of tilings, to have place; 
partes eae, in quibus aegiitudines, irao libidin- 
esque versentur, Cic B. Fig., 1 to direct, turn 
hither and thither ; a, mentem act omnem inalit- 
iam et fraudem, Cic. ; b, of fate, to turn upside 
down, change; Fortuna omnia versat, Verg. ; c, 
to explain, to twist ; verba, Cic. ; d, to turn, 
influence in a certain direction ; muliebrem 
aniinum in omnes partes, Liv.; e, to reflect, medi- 
tate upon ; in animis secuin unaniquamque rem, 
Liv. ; 2, transf., to put in motion; a, to dis- 
quiet, disturb ; nunc indignatio nunc pudor 
pectora versabat, Liv. ; odiis domos, Verg. ; b, 
middle, versari, (a) to stay, to hover, to rest; alicui 
ante oculos dies noctesque, Cic ; (0) esp., to be 
engaged in, take part in, be employed in, be oc- 
cupied with : in sordida arte, Cic. ; of things, 
jura civiha quae jam prideni in nostra fainilia 
versantur, are native, Cic. II. Intens., to turn 
rouiul and round, to turn up; grainen, Ov. ; 
terrain, Ov. (infill., versarier, ap. Cic). 

versoria -ae, f. (verto), a turning round; 
veisoriam capere, to leaveof, desist from anything, 
Plaut. 

versum = 1. versus (q.v.). 

versura -ae, f. (verto), a turning ; fig., the 
borrowing of money to pay a debt; versuranj 
facerc, Ciy. J versura sojycre or disgoh'ere, Cic 



ver 



614 



ves 



1. versus (vorsus), versum (vorsum. 

I. Adv., touwrds, in the direction of; ad 
oceanum versus, Caes. ; in forum versus, Cic 

II. Prep, with ace, tou-ards; Romain versus, 
Cie. 

2. versus -a -urn, partic. I. of verro (q.v.)., 
II. of verto (q.v.). 

3. versus (vorsus) -us, in. (verto). I. the 
turning of a plough; hence, a furrow, Plin. 
II. a row, line; 1, gen., in versum distulit 
ulmos, Verg.; 2, in writing, a, in prose, primus 
(legis), Cic. ; b, in poetry, a verse, plur., verses, 
poetry; versus Graeei, Latin i, Cic; facere 
versum, Cie. III. a step in a dance, Plaut. 

versute, adv. with superl. (versutus), craftily, 
adroitly, cunningly, Cic. 

versutla -ae, f. (versutus), cunning, crafti- 
ness, Liv. 

versutiloquus -a -um (versutus and 
loquor), slyly speaking, ap. Cic. 

versutus -a -um(verto), fig., dexterous, adroit, 
cunning, crafty, sly ; acutus atque versutus 
animus, Cic. ; versutissimus Lysander, Cic. ; 
hoc si versutius videbitur, Cic. 

vertagus = vertragus (q.v.). 

vertebra -ae, f. (verto), a joint, esp., a joint 
of the back, vertebra, Plin. 

vertebratus -a -um (vertebra), joi?»i 
•movable, flexible, Plin. 

vertex (vortex) -icis, m. (verto), that 
which turns or is turned, hence, a whirl. I. a 
whirlpool of water, an eddy ; a, lit., Liv., Verg. ; 
b, fig., anions, Cat. II. an eddy of wind or 
flame; a, of wind, a whirlwind, Liv.; b, of fire, 
flainmis volutns, Verg. III. the crown of the 
head. A. Lit., ab talis unguibus usque a<l 
verticem summum, Cic. B. Moton., 1. the 
head, Cat,; 2, tliepolc of the heavens, Cic., \ erg.; 
3, any height, elevation; Aetnae, Cic; lience, 
a vertice, from above, Verg. 

verticlllus -i, n. (verto), the whirl or whorl 
of a spindle, Plin. 

vertlcosus (vorticosus) -a -um (vertex), 
full of whirlpools ; mare, Liv. 

vertiginosus -a -um (vertigo), suffering 
from giddiness, Plin. 

vertigo -Inis, f. (verto), a turning round, 
whirling round, revolution. I. Lit., assidua 
caeli, Ov. II. Transf., giddiness, vertigo; 
vertigo quaeduin simul oculorum animique, 
Liv. 

verto (vorto), verti (vorti), versum (vors- 
um), 3. to turn, turn round, rellex., vertere se 
and simply vertere, and pass., verti, as middle, 
to turn oneself. I. Gen., A. Lit., a, cquos ad 
moenia, Verg. ; reflex., verti me a Minturnis 
Arpinnm versus, Cic ; without se, alterius 
ramos videmus vertere in alterius, Verg. ; b, 
milit. t. t., aliquem (hostes, equities, etc.) in 
fugam, to put to flight, rout, Liv.; Philippis versa 
acies retro, the defeat at rhilippi, llor. ; terga, 
to flee, Caes. ; reflex., se, Caes. ; without se, 
versuros omnes in fugam extemplo ratUB, Liv. ; 
C, of position, middle, versus with in or ad 
and the ace, turned, lying toward*; Ppirus in 
septentrionem versa, Liv. B. Pig., 1, gen., 

a, in nos vertite iras, Liv. ; middle, pater totus 
in Persea versus, devoted to, Liv:; reflex., with- 
out Se, vertcrat periculum in Romanos, Liv. ; 

b, of money, etc., to devote, turn to; ex ilia 
peennia magnain partem ad se, to appropriate, 
Cic ; c, to turn to (in a bad or good direction), 
construe ae, impute; ne sibi vitio verterent, quod, 
3tc., Cic. ; auspicia in bonum vertxrunt, Liv. ; 
2,. esp., a, to alter, change; auster in Africuni 
se vertit, Caes.; quae sentcntia te vertit, 



Verg. ; fortuna jam verterat, Liv. ; middle, 
verso Mart©, Liv. ; b, to change to, cause to pass 
into; aliquid in lapidem, Ov. ; reflex, and 
middle, to change to, to become; terra in aquam 
se vertit, Cic. ; c, to translate; vcrterunt nostri 
poetae fabulas, Cic; d, polifc. t. t., vertere 
solum, to go into exile, Cie. II. A.= versare, 
to turn round and round; 1, a, lit., lumina, to 
roll, Verg. ; vertitur interea caelum, Verg. ; b, 
transf., (a) to more about; inter primus, Verg. ; 
(P) of time, to roll round; septima post Trojae 
exeidium jam vertitur aeslas, Verg. ; esp. in 
partic., anno vertente, in the course of a year, 
Cic ; 2, fig-, a, stimulos sub pectore, Verg. ; 
b, e.sp., middle, verti, to move in a certain sphere 
or element; in jure in quo causa ilia vertebatur 
paratissimus, Cic. B.= invertere, convertere, 
to turn round or oivr ; 1, lit., a, gen., (a) stilum, 
llor.; (0) as t. t. of agriculture, to turn up with 
the plough or hoe ; terrain aratro, Verg.; jpoet., 
transf. of ships, freta versa lacertis, Verg. ; (y) 
to empty; crateras, Verg. ; b, esp., to overthrow; 
moenia ab imo, Verg. ; 2, fig., a, Callicratidas 
quum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad ex- 
tremuni omnia, destroyed, Cic. ; b, to destroy 
politically ; res Phrygias fundo, Verg. 

vertragus -1, m. and vertraha -ae, f. a 
greyhound, Mart. 

Vertumnus (Vortumnus) -i, m. (verto, 
Vi e changing one), the god of exchange ; orig., the 
god of the changing nature of the seasons, then of 
all transactions of sale, whose image stood at tlie 
end of tlie vicus Tuscus ; near his statue the 
booksellers had their shops. 

veru -us, n. 1, a spit, Verg.; 2, a javelin, 
Verg. ^_ 

voriiina -ae, f. (veru), a small javelin, Plaut. 

Verulae -arum, f. a town of the Hcrnici, in 
Latium, now Veroli. Hence, Veriilanus -a -um, 
Verulan. 

1. verum, adv. (verus). I. in truth, truly, 
really, Plant. II. but, but yet, nevertheless, still; 
verum haec civitas i.->ti praedoni ac pirntae 
Siciliensi Phaselis fuit, Cic; nonmodo (tantum, 
solum) . . . veram etiam, Cic; hence, a, in 
passing over to another subject in discourse, 
verum veniat sane, Cic. ; b, in breaking off a 
discourse, verum quidem haec hactenus, Cie. 

2. verum, v. verus. 

veruntamen (verumtamen), eonj. but 
yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless ; consilium 
enpit primo stultum, verumtamen clemens, Cic. 

verus -a -um. I, true, real, genuine; denar- 
ius, Cic; timor, well -grounded, Cic; res verior, 
causa verissima, Cic. Snbst., verum -i, n. 
the truth: verum scire, Cic. II. A. right, fit- 
ting, reasonable ; lex, Cic. ; verum est, with 
ace. and infln., negat verum esse allici benclicio 
benevolentiam, Cic B. truth-telling, truth fid ; 
judex, Cic. 

verutum -i, n. (veru), a javelin, Caec. 

vSrutus -a -um (veru), ai-med with a javelin, 
Verg. 

vervactum -i, n. fallow ground, Plin. 

vervago, 3. to plough up fallow ground, 
Plin. 

vervex -vEcis, m. a wether, Cic ; as a term 
of ridicule, a sheepish, silly person, Plaut. 

vesania -ae, f. (vesanus), madness, insanity, 
Hor. 

vesaniens -entis (vesanus), raging, Cat. 

vesanus (vaesanus) -a -um, mad, insane ; 
a, of persons, rcmcx, Cic. ; poeta, llor. ; b, of 
inanimate and abstract things, fierce, furious, 
v.-ild ; vires, Ov.; fames, Verg, 



Ves 



615 



ves 



Vescia -ae, f. a small town in Latium, on the 
Liris. Hence, Vescinus -a -uin, of or belong- 
ing to Vescia. 

vescor, 3. dep. (cofinected with esca). I. to 
eat, feed on ; gen. with abl., rarely with ace, dii 
nee cibis nee potiouibus vescuntur, Cic. ; lacte 
et ferina carne, Sail. ; humanis corporibus, Liv. ; 
sacros lauros, Tib. ; absol., vescentes sub um- 
bra, Liv. II. Transf., to use, enjoy; vitalibus 
amis, Lucr.; paratissimis voluptatibus, Cic; 
ami autheria, to breathe, live, Verg. 

vescus -a -uin (connected with vescor). I. 
Act.=devouring, consuming; 6al,Lucr. ; papaver, 
exhausting tlie land, Verg. II. Pass., wasted, 
thin; hence = containing little nutrition; salicum 
frondes, Verg.; farra, Ov. 

Veseris -is, m. a river in Campania, at 
the foot of Mount Vesuvius, where the conml 
1. Manlius Torquatus defeated the Latins, 340 
B.c. 

vesica -ae, f. the bladder. I. the urinary 
lladder. A. Lit,, Cic. B. Meton., anything 
made from, a bladder, a purse, a lantern, etc., 
Mart,, Varr. II. A. a bladder-like swelling, a 
blister, Plin. B. Of discourse, bombast, tu- 
midity, Mart. 

vesicula -ae, f. (dim. of vesica), a vesicle, a 
little bladder on plants, Cic. 

Vesontio -ouis, m. a toivn in Gaul, now 
Besangon. 

vespa -ae, f. a wasp, Liv. 

Vespasianus -I, in., T. FlaviusVespasianus 
Sabinus, lioman emperor from 09-79 a.d. 

vesper -Sris or -Sri. m. (eVn-epos). I. the 
evening star, Verg. II. Meton., A. the evening; 
diei vesper erat, Sail. ; prima vesperis (sc. Lord), 
Caes. ; ante vespermn, Cic; sub vesperum, 
Caes. ; primo vespere, Caes. ; abl., vespere and 
vesperi, in the evening, late; heri vesperi, Cic. ; 
prov., quid vesper ferat, iucertum est, Liv. ; de 
vesperi suo vivere, to be one's own master, Plaut. 
B. the west, Ov., Verg. 

vespera -ae, f. (c^n-epa), the evening; ad 
vesperam, towards evening, Cic. ; prima vespera, 
Liv. ; abl., vespera, in the evening, Plin. 

vesperaseo, 3. (vespera), to become evening ; 
vesperasceute jam die, drawing towards night, 
Tac 

vesperS, vesperi, v. vesper. 

vespertilio -finis, m. (vesper), a bat, Plin. 

vespertinus -a -urn (vesper). I. Lit., of 
or relating to evening ; litterae, received at even- 
ing, Cic; vespertinis temporibus, Cic. f , 
lying towards the west, western ; regio, Hor. 

vesperugo -Inis, f. (vesper), the evening 
Star, Plaut. 

vespillo -onis, m. (vesper), a corpse-bearer 
for the poor, who were buried in the evening, 
Suet. B ' 

Vesta -ae, f. ('Eo-iia), the daughter of Saturn 
and Ops, goddess of the hearth and domestic life; 
nd Vestae (sc. aedem), Hor. ; aVestiae (sc. aede), 
Cic. ; in her temple at Rome burnt the sacred 
lire, the extinction of which was thought to in- 
volve the ruin of the state ; the Vestal virgins 
were consecrated to her service; Vestae sa- 
cerdos = pontifex maximus, who liad control over 
the Vestal virgins, Ov. ; meton., a, = the tem- 
ple of Vesta ; Vesta arsit, Ov. ; b, the hearth, 
Verg. Hence, adj., Vestalis -e, Vestal; sacra, 
the festival of Vesta, on the 9th of June, Ov. ; virgo 
Vestalis, and subst., Vestalis -is, f. a Vestal 
virgin, one of the priestesses of Vesta, of whom 
there were first four and then six, chosen between 
their sixth and tenth years, obliged to remain 



virgins in tlie service of Vesta for thirty yeart. 
Hence again, adj., Vestalis -e, relating to the 
Vestal virgins, Vestal; oculi, chaste, Ov. 

vester (voster) -tra -trum (vos), your, 
yours. I. Subject., majores vestri, Cic. II. 
Object. = against you ; odio vestro, Liv. 

vostiarius -a -uin (vestis), of or relating to 
clothes; subst., vestiarium i, u. a, a clothes- 
chest, Plin. ; b, a stock of clothes, wardrobe, Sen. 

vestibulum -i, n. an entrance-court, court- 
yard. I. A. Lit., templi, Cic. B. Transf., the 
entrance to a place; sepulcri, Cic. ; urbis, Liv.; 
in vestibulo Siciliae, Cic. II. Fig., a beginning, 
Cic. 

vestigator (vestigiator) -oris, m. (ves- 
tigo), a tracker, investigator, Varr, 

vestigium -fi, n. I. Act. = the part of the 
foot that treads, the sole of the foot. A. Lit., qui 
adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia, 
Cic. B. Meton., 1, afoot-step, track, foot-mark ; 
a, lit., vestigia in omnes fcrentia partes, Liv. ; 
vestigium facere in foro, Cic. ; vestigiis aliquem 
sequi, Liv. ; consequi, Cic; b, transf., a trace, 
mark ; frons nou ealamistri notata vestigiis, Cic; 
C, lig., (a) vestigiis ingrcdi patris, to tread in his 
father's steps, i.e., toimitatc him, Cic. ; 03) a mark, 
sign; vestigia sceleris, avaritiae, Cic. ; 2, poet,, 
the whole of the lower part of the foot ; vestigia 
nuda sinistri pedis, Ov. II. Pass., that which 
is trodden upon, a position, post, station; 1, lit., 

a, in suo vestigio mori mallo quam fugere, Liv.; 

b, the position of u destroyed town, ruins; in 
vestigiis huius urbis, Cic. ; 2, tig., of time, a 
moment; in illo vestigio temporis, Caes. ; eodem 
et loci vestigio et temporis, Cic; adv., e vestigio, 
immediately, on the spot, Cic. 

vestigo, 1. (vestigium), to track, follow the 
trace of, investigate. I. Of animals, Plin. II. 
Of men, 1, lit, a, virum, Verg.; b, causas 
reruin, Cic. ; 2, meton., to come upon tlie track of; 
perfugas et fugitivos inquirendo, Liv. 

vestimentum -i, n. (vestio), clothing, cover' 
ing, garment, vestment, Cic. 

Vestini -orum, m. a people in Italy, on the 
Adriatic, famous for their cheese. Hence, Ves- 
tinus -a -um, o/'or belonging to the Vestini. 

vestio -ivi and -Ji -Hum, 4. (vestis), to cover 
with a garment, clothe. I. A. Lit, animantes 
villis vestitae, Cic. B. Transf., to cover as with 
a garment, to adorn ; oculos membranis, Cic. ; 
oampos lumine purpureo, Verg. ; sepulcrum 
vestitum vepribus et dumetis, Cic. ; trabes 
aggere, Caes.; se gramine, Verg. II. Fig., in- 
venta vesture oratione, Cic. 

vestis -is, f. (connected with i<r0ijs), a cover- 
ing. I. Lit, A. Of men, a garment, and a, 
sing, collective, clothing; vestis lintea, Cic; ves- 
tem mut-are, to put on other clothes, esp., to put 
on mourning, Cic; b, plur., vestes, clothes; 
vestibus hunc velant, Ov. B. a carpet, tapestry; 
pretiosa vestis multa et lauta supellex, Cic. IL 
Poet., transf., a, the clothing of the chin, thebeard, 
Lucr. ; b, the skin of a snake, Lucr. ; o, the 
spider's web, Lucr. 

vestispioa -ae, f. (vestis and specio), the 
mistress if the robes, keeper of the wardrobe 
Plaut. ^ 

vestitus -Os, m. (vestio), clothing, clothes, 
garments, apparel, attire, raiment. I. A. Lit., 
color vestitus, Caes. ; vestitus muliebris, Cic. ; 
vestitum mutare, to go into mourning, Cic. ; ad 
BUum vestitum redire, to go out of mourning, Cic. 
B. Transf., o covering; riparuui, Cic ; vesti- 
tus densissimi montiuw, Cic. II. Fig., ea vesti- 
tu illo orationis, quo consueverat, orpata nop 
erat, Cic. 



Ves 



610 



via 



VesfilUS -i, m. a mountain in the Cottian 
Alps, now Viso. 

Vesuvius -li, in. Vesuvius,' the celebrated 
volcano in Campania, at the first eruption, of 
which, under Titus, the towns of llerculaneum, 
Pompeii, and Stabiae were destroyed. 

veteramentarius -a -um (vetus), of or 

relating to old things; sutor, a cobbler, Suet. 

veteranus -a -um (vetus), old; boves, Varr.; 
hostis, Liv. ; esp., of soldiers, veteran; plur., 
T;..iites veteran!, or subst. simply veterani, old 
soldiers, veterans, Cic. ; legio veterans, Cic. 

veterasco -avi, 3. (vetus), to become old, 
grow old, Cic. (?) 

veterator -Oris, m. (vetus), one who has 
grown old in or become experienced in anything ; 
a, in causis, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, subtle, 
tricky ; lion sunt in disputando vafri, non veter- 
atores, uon malitiosi, Cic; absol. = a cunning 
fellow, old fox, Cic. 

veteratorie, adv. (veteratorius), cunningly, 
craftily; dicere, Cic. 

veteratorius -a -uin (veterator), cunning, 
crafty, Cic. 

vdterlnarius -a -uin (veterinus), of or re- 
lating to draught-animals ; subst., veterlnar- 
ius -li, m. a veterinary surgeon, Col. 

vfiterinus -a -urn (perhaps contr. from 
veliiterinus, from veho), of or reletting to draught. 
I. Adj., bestia, a beast of burden, Cato. II. 
Subst., vSteriuae -arum, f. draught-animals, 
Varr. 

vetemosus -a -um, adj. with superl. (vet- 
ernus). I. letlutrgic, Cato. II. Transf., a, 
sleepy, dreamy. Ter. ; b, '?>('?, without energy ; 
animus, lethargic, Sen. 

veterans -i, m. (vetus), age; lienee, lethargy, 
sleepiness; a, Plant.; b, inactivity, lethargy, 
sloth ; vetemus civitatem occupavit, Cic. 

vetitum -i, n. (veto)- I. thut which is for- 
bidden; nitimur in vetitum semper cupimusque 
negata, Ov. II. a prohibition; quae contra 
vetitum discordia? Verg. ; in Cic. only in the 
phrases jussa ac vetiraand jussa vetita. 

veto (voto), vetfti (votiii), retrtum (votl- 
tum), 1. not to allow to happen, to forbid, 
prohibit, hinder, prevent ; used of the tribunes, 
praetor, magistrates, etc., or of the law, or as 
t. t. of sugary, a, with object, clause, (a) 
with ace. and inlin., rationes vetabant nie 
reipublicae penitus diitidcre, Cic ; lex pere- 
griiium vetat in murum ascendere, Cic. ; (9) 
with inlin. alone, lex vetat delinquere, Cic. ; b, 
witli ut or ne, or (with preceding negative) 
quominus, or quin and the subj., or witli subj. 
alone, edieto vetuit ne quia se praetor Apelleni 
pingeret, Hor. ; c, with ace. alone, Delia, Verg.; 
pass., quod vetamur, Cic. ; d, absol., lex jubet 
aut vetat, Cic. 

Vettones (Vectones) -um, m. a people in 
Lusilania, in modem Salamanca and Estre- 
madura. 

vetulus -a -um (din. of vetus), somewhat 
old, old.ish. I. Adj., equus, Cic. ; una, Cic. II. 
Subst., A. vetulus -i, m. an old men, Plant. ; 
: i jest, mi vetule, " old. boy," Cic. B. VCtula 
iie, f. an old woman, Juv. 

vetus -eris, abl. sing, -ere, compar., vetcrlor 
(archaic, the classical compar. is vetustior), 
superl., vetorrimus(root VET, Or. i;t, whence 
«to«), old, ancient. I. Adj., a, as opposed to 
young, senatores, Liv.; b, as opposed to new, 
navis.Caes.; necessitudines, Cic; with genit. = 
grown grey in, experienced in ; operis ac laboris, 
Tac. ; c. as opposed to the present, old -form <', 



ancient; res, Cic; innocentia, Cic; poelae 
veteirimi, Cic ; in Tac. gen., of the time before the 
battle, of Actiuvi ; aetas, Tac. II. Subst., A. 
veteres -um, m. the old = ancestors, Cic. B. 
Veteres -uin, f. (sc. tabernae), the old booth* on 
the south side of the Hainan Forum. C Vetera 
-um, n. that which is old, the remote past ; ilia 
vetera omittere, the old stories, Cic. 

vetustas -atis, f. (vetustus), age. I. Lit., 
A. Gen., vetustas possessions, Cic; verbonun 
vetustas prisca, Cic B. Esp., antiquity; his- 
toria nuntia votustatis, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
long duration, length of time; vetustati condita, 
Cic. ; plur., vetustates familiarum, Cic ; habit- 
ura vetustatem, likely to endure for a long time, 
Cic ; coujnncti vetustate, a friendship of long 
standing, Cic. ; ingenio, vetustate (experience), 
artiflcio tu facile vicisti, Cic. B. late posterity ; 
de me nulla umquam obmutescet vetustas, Cic. 

vetustus -a -um (vetus), old, ancient. I. 
Gen., a, villain, Plant. ; hospithiili, of long 
standing, Cic; b, old in years; vetustissimus 
ex censoribus, Liv. II. Esp., old-fashioned, 
antiquated; vetustior et horridior ille, Cic 

vexamen -inis, n. (vexo), a shaking ; mundi , 
Lucr. 

VCxatio -onis, f. (vexo). I. a sh/iking, Plin. 
II. a, trouble, annoyance, hardship; corporis, 
Cic; b, ill-treatment; socioruin, Cic 

vexator -oris, m. (vexo), one who annoys,, 
harasses, disturbs; direptor et vexator urbis, 
Cic. 

vexillarius-Ii,m. (vexillum). A. a standard- 
bearer, Liv. B. Plur., vexillarii -drum, m. 
a, under the empire, veterans who had served 
twenty years an ] were enrolled in special bat- 
talions, a reserve corps, Tac ; b, a detachment, a 
division of a larger body, Tac 

vexillatio -6nis, f. (vexillum), a detachment, 
Suet. 

vexillum -i, n. (dim. of velum), the standard 
of the maniples, and esp., of the cavalry, the 
veterans and the allies. I. Lit., a flag, standard; 
vexillum tollere, Cic; esp., the red flag displayed 
on the general's tent or the admiral's ship as the 
signal of battle ; vexillnrh proponere, Cacs. II. 
Meton., the men who fought under one flag, a 
company, troop, Liv. 

vexo, 1. (intens. of veho), to move violently, 
shake, shatter. I. Lit., venti vcxant nubila, 
Ov. ; rates, Verg. II. Transf., to harass, dis- 
quiet, molest, misuse, damage, annoy, vex; agros, 
Caes.; hostes, Cic; vexari dilhcultate viae, Liv. 

via-ac, f. (old Lat. vea, connected with veho), 
a way. I. Lit, A. the way along which one 
goes; a, a highway, road; militaris, main-road, 
Cic; declinare de via ad dexteram, Cic; via ire, 
to go straight on, Liv. ; dare alicui viam, to give 
place, Liv.; dare alicui viam perfundum, to allow 
a passage through, Cic; b, a street in a town; 
transversa, Cic; c, a passage, (a) the gullet, Cic; 
the wind-pipe, Ov. ; (fi) a cleft, Verg.; (7) stripe 
in a garment, Tib. B. Abstr., way = course, 
march, journey ; de via languere, Cic; imam 
tibi vium et perpctuain esse vellent, wished that 
■you should never return, Cic. ; mare et (atque) 
viae, viae ac mare, travels by land and sea, Hor. 
II. Fig., A. Cen., vitae via, Cic; de via 'from 
the straight road, from virtue) deoedere, Cic. 
B. Esp., 1, means, way, method; viam optimar- 
11111 artiuni tradere, Cic; 2, manner, rule, kind; 
per omes vias leti, Liv. ; via, methodically, by 
rule; dicere, Cic. 

vialis -e (via), 0/ or relating to the highways ; 
Lares, riant. 

viarius -a -um (via), of or relating to high- 
wayc: lex. for repairing Ihe hjgfrymya, ap, Cic,. 



via 



617 



vie 



viaticatus -a -nm (viaticum), 'provided with 
money for a journey, IMaut. 

viatlcus -a -um (via), of or relating to a 
journey. I. Adj., cena, a farewell repast, Plant. 
II. Subst, viaticum -i, n. A. money for a 
journey; viaticum congerere, Cic. B. Esp., 
prize-money of a soldier, Hor. 

viator -oris, m. (via). I. a traveller, way- 
farer, Cic. II. a runner or messenger attached 
to a Magistrates service, Cic. 

viatorius a -um (viator), of or relating to a 
journey, Plin. 

vlbix (vibex) -icis, f. a weal, mark of a 
stripe, Plaut. 

Vibo -onis, f. a town in Bruttii, now Monte 
Leone, in full Vibo Valentia. Hence, A. VI- 
bonensis-e, belonging to Vibo. B. Valentin! 

-orum", in. the inhabitants of Vibo Valentia. 

Vibro, 1. I. Transit., to cause to vibrate, 
moot rapidly to and fro brandish, shake; a, 
vibrabant flamina vestes, Ov. ; b, to brandish a 
missile; poet., to brandish and hurl; hastam, 
Cic; Bpicula per auras, Ov.; fig., truces iambos, 
Cat.; c, to curl, frizzle; crines vibrati, Verg. 
II. Reltex., to shake, tremble, move to and fro, 
vibrate; a, Piin. ; b, of limbs or parts of the 
body, to quiver ; ties vibrant linguae, Ov. ; c, to 
glimmer, glitter; vibrat mare, Cic. ; d, of light- 
ning, missiles, etc., to flash, glitter ; lig., of dis- 
course, oratio incitata et vibrans, Cic. 

viburnum -i, n. a tree (Viburnum Lantana, 
Linn.), Verg. 

vicanus -a -urn (viens), dwtllhig in a village; 
vicani haruspiees, Cic. ; subst. , vicani -orum, 

m. villagers, Liv. 

vioarius -a -um (vicis), taking the place of a 
person or thing, substituted, vicarious. I. Adj., 
operae nostrae vicaria iides amicorum supponi- 
tur, Cic. II. Subst., vicarius -ii, m. one who 
takes another's place, a substitute; a, diligentiae 
meae, successor in the consulship, Cic. ; b, a 
soldier substitute; dare vicarios, Cic; c, an 
uiuler-servaut, under-slave, Cic. 

vicatim, adv. (vicus). I, from street to 
street; servorum omnium vicatim celebratur 
tota urbe descriptio, Cic II. in villages; in 
montibus vicatim habitare, Liv. 

Vice, vicein, v. vicis. 

vicenarius -a -um (viceni), containing the 
■number twenty, Plaut. 

viceni -ae -a (viginti). I. twenty each, Caes- 
II. twenty, Plin. 

vices, v. vicis. 

vicesima, v. vicesimus. 

vioesimani -orum, m. (vicesimus), soldiers 
, of the twentieth legion, Liv. 

rS^ vicesimarius -a -um (vicesimus), of or re- 
lating to the twentieth part of anything ; aurum, 
a tax of one twentieth, or five per cent., on the 
value of manumitted slaves, Liv. 

vicesimus (vlgesimus) -a -um (viginti), 
the twentieth^ I. Adj., dies vicesimus, Cic. II. 
. Subst., vicesima -ae, f. (sc. pars), the twentieth 
part; a, gen., e.g., of the harvest, Liv.; b, esp., 
the twentieth ptart as a toll or tax ; portorii, Cic. ; 
a tax of five per cent, on the value of manumitted 
slaves, Cic. 

Vicetia -ae, f. a town in North Italy, now 
Vicenza. Hence, Vicetini -orum, m. tlie people 
of Vicetiar 

VlCia -ae, f. a vetch; plur., Ov 

vicies (viciens), adv. (viginti), twenty 
tines; H.S. vicies, 2,000,000 sesterces, Cic. 

20* 



Vicilinus -i, in. (perhap* from vigil), the 
watchful one ; Juppiter Vicilinus, Liv. 

vicinalis -e (vicinus), neighbouring, near; 
ad vicinalem usum, after the manner of neigh- 
bouiy, Liv. 

Vicinia -ae, f. (vicinus), neighbourhood, near- 
ness, vicinUy. I. A. Lit., Persidis, Verg. ; in 
nostra vicinia, Cic. B. Meton., tlie neighbour- 
hood = the neighbours ; Hispala ex Aveutino 
libertina non ignota viciniae, Liv. ; funus laudet 
vicinia, Hor. II. Fig., 1, nearness, Petr. ; 2, 
likeness, similarity, affinity, Quint. 

vicinitas -atis, f. (vicinus), neighbourhood, 
vicinity, nearness. I. A. Lit., in ea vicinitate, 
Cic. ; plur., neighbourly connections, Cic. B. 
Meton., neighbourhood = neighbours ; signum 
quod erat notum vicinitati, Cic. II. Fig., like- 
ness, affinity, Quint. 

vicinus -a -um (vicus), near, neighbouring. 

1. Lit., A. Adj., bellum, Liv. ; with dat., sedes 
vicina astris, Verg. ; Thessalia quae est vicina 
Macedoniae, Liv. B. Subst., 1, vicinus -i, m., 
Vicina -ae, f. a neighbour ; vicini mei, Cic. ; 2, 
vicinum -i, n. the neighbourhood, vicinity ; 
plur., sonitu plus quam vicina fatigat, Ov. II. 
Fig., similar, like, kindred; in the dat., dia- 
lecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae, 

Cic -„ 

Vicis (genit. ; nom. not found), vlcera. vlcfi, 
plur., vices, vlclbus, change, interchange, alterna- 
tion, vicissitude. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, hac vice 
sennonum, interchange of discourse, Verg. ; vico 
humanarum fortunaruin, Liv. ; solvitur acris 
hienis grata vice veris et Favoni, Hor. ; b, adv., 
(a) per vices, alternately; clamare, Ov. ; (jS) in 
vicem (invicein), more rarely vicein, in vices, *- 
alternately, reciprocally, by turns; simul eramus 
invicem, Cic. ; hi rursus in vicem anno post in 
armis sunt, Caes. B. Esp., 1, requital, recom- 
pense, compensation, retaliation ; recito vicein 
officii praesentis, Cic; redde vicem mentis, Ov.; 

2, the vicissitude of fate, fate, lot, destiny ; tacite 
gementes tiistem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. ; con- 
verter humanam vicem, Hor. II. Transf., a 
place, office, post, duty ; a, nulla est enim per- 
sona, quae ad vicem eius, qui e vita emigrant, 
propius acced&b, Cic. ; vestiamque meamque 
vicein explete, Tac. ; b, adv., vicem, vice, in 
vicem, ad vicein, inplace of, instead of, like, as ; 
in qua re tuam vicem saepe doleo, Cic; Sar- 
danapali vicein in sno lectulo mori, like Sarda- 
napalus, Cic. ; defatigatis invicem iutegri suc- 
cedunt, Caes. 

vicissatim = vicissim (q.v.). 

VlCissim, adv. (vicis). I. in turn ; tena 
florere, deinde vicissim horrere potest, Cic. II. 
on the other liand ; considera nunc vicissim tuum 
factum, Cic. 

vioissitudo -inis, f. ( vicis), change, altera- 
tion, vicissitude ; imperitandi, Liv.; vicissitudo 
in sermone coinmuni, intercliange of discourse ; 
plur., fortunae, Cic 

victima -ac, f. an animal offered in sacrifice, 
a victim, Caes. ; fig., se victimam reipublicae 
praebuisset (Decius), Cic 

victimarius -ii, in. (victima), an assistant 
or servant at a sacrifice, Liv. 

victito (intens. of vivo), 1. to live upon, feed 
upon ; llcis, Plaut. 

victor -oris, m. (vinco), a conqueror, victor. 
I. Lit., a, absol., parere viotoii. Liv. : in appo- 
sition, as a conqueror, victorious; viotores Se- 
quani, Caes. ; victor exereitus, Cic; currus, Ov.; 
b, with genit., omnium gentium, Cic; victor 
trium simul bellorum, Liv. ; c, with abl., bello 
civili victor, Cic. II. Fig., animu* hbidinis et 
divitiarum victor, Sail, 



vie 



61S 



vig 



^Victoria -ae, f. (victor), victory, conquest. 
i. Lit., A. victoria Cannensis, Liv. ; clarissima, 
Cic. ; with de aud the abl., victoria de Vejenti- 
bus, Liv.; with ad and the ace, nuntius victoriae 
ad Caun.is, Liv. ; adlplsci victoriani, Caes. ; con- 
secutnm esse sibi gloriosam victoriani, Cic. ; 
dare alicui victoriani, Liv. B. Proper name, 
Victoria, the goddess of Victory, represented with 
wings and with a laurel crown or palm branch in 
the hand. II. Transf., a, certaminis, Liv.; b, 
in a court of justice, nocentissima victoria, Cic. 

Victoriatus -i, m., genit. plur., victoriatum 
O'ictoria), a silver coin stamped with a figure of 
Victory, worth half a denarius, Cic. 

victoriola -ae, f. (dim. of Victoria), a small 
statue of Victory, Cic. 

victrix -triois, f. neut. plur. -tricia (f. of 
victor), she that conquers ; attrib. = victorious, 
conquering. L Lit., Athenae, Cic. ; litprae, 
bringing news of victory, Cic. II. Fig., mater 
victrix tiliae, non libidinis, Cic. 

Victumulae -arnm, f. a town in Gallia Cis- 
padana. 

vlctilS -(is, ra. (vivo). I. manner of life, way 
of living ; Persarum, Cic; in omni vita atque 
victu excultus, Cic. II. support, nourishment, 
food ; alicui vietum quotidianum in Prytaneo 
publice praebere,3 Cic. ; parare ea, quae sup- 
peditent ad vietum, Cic. ; plur., persequi ani- 
mantium ortus, victus, figuras, Cic. 

viculus -i, m. (dim. of vicus) a little village, 
a hamlet, Cic. 

vicus -i, m. (connected with olxos). I. a 
quarter or district of a town, street; nullum in 
urbe vicum esse, in quo non, eta, Cic; vicos 
platensque inaedifleat, Caes. II. In the country, 
A. it village, hamlet, Cic, Caes. B. an estate, 
country-seat ; scribis te vicum venditurum, Cic. 

videlicet, adv. (videre licet, one ran see). 
X. Lit., a, clearly, plainly, manifestly, evidently; 

quae videlicet ille non ex agvi con c itura, sed ex 
doctrinae indioiis interpretubatur, Cic. ; ellipti- 
oilly, in answers, quid nietuebnnt? vim vide- 
licet, evidently violence, Cic ; b, ironically, 
forsooth, of course, to be sure ; homo videlicet 
timidus et permodestiis ^oi t uriline), Cic II. 
Transf., namely ; venissetempusiisqui in timore 
fuissent, conjuratos videlicet dici bat, ulciscendi 
se, Cic. 

vlden' = videsne? v. video. 

video, vldi» visum, 2. (root VID, Gr. IS, 
E1A, eUov), to see. I. A. to have the power of 
seeing, to be able to see; a, absol., quain longe 
videmus? Cic. ; b, with ace, at ille nescio qui 
mille et ontoginta stadia quod abesset videUat, 
Cic. B. to see = to have the eyes open, to be 
awake, Verg. IL A. to see, perceive something. 
AA. Lit. and transf., 1, lit, a, Pompejanum non 
cerno, Cic; with ace. and inlin., qnurn suos 
interflci viderent, Caes.; b, = to live to see; 
utinani eum diem videam, quuin, etc., Cic. ; 2, 
transf., to perceive with the senses; inugire vide- 
bis sub pedibns terrain, Verg. BB. Fig., of the 
mind, 1, to perceive, notice, observe; aliquem or 
aliquid in somnis, Cic; quem virum P. Crassum 
vidimus, Cic ; 2, in pass., as eico^iai, to have 
Vie appearance, seem, appear, be thought; a, (a) 
with nom., nt i in belles tlmidique videam ur, 
Cic; (J)) witn infln., lit beate vixisso videar, 
Cic ; (y) with nom. and infln., nt exstinctae 
potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur, 
Cic. ; with ace and infln., it appears; turn mini 
videtnr, ad beate viveudum satis posse virtutem, 
Cic; b, of cautious expressions in official state- 
ments instead of decided utterances, majores 
nostri volnerunt, quae jnrati judicea eognovis- 
aent, ea non nt esse facta, set ut videri pronun- 



tiarent, Cic; e, videtnr (alicui), it seems good, 
it is the opinion of; earn quoqiie, si videtur, 
correctionem explicabo, Cic. B. to look at, to 
look upon., behold. AA. Lit., a, aliquem videre 
non posse, Cic; b, to see = to find out and speak 
to ; Othonem vide, Cic. ; c, to look after with 
care, to provide for ; alicui prandium, Cic; d, 
to look to as a model, Cic. BB. Fig., a, to reflect 
upon, consider; vidcas et consideres quid agas, 
Cic. ; b, to trouble oneself about, see to ; viderunt 
ista officia viri boni, Cic. ; foil, by ut or ne and 
the subj., videant consules ne quid respublica 
detriment! capiat, Cic ; c, to have in view, to 
aim at; majus quiddam, Cic; videt aliud, he 
has other views, Cic 

viduertas -atis, f. (viduus), failure of crops, 
Cato. 

viduitas -atis, f. (viduus), want. I. Gen., 
omnium coplarum, Plaut II. widowhood, Cic. 

vidulus -i, m. (vieo), a wicker trunk covered 
with leather, Plaut. 

viduo, 1. (viduus), to deprive of. I. Gen., 
urbem embus, Verg.; arva numquam viduata 
pruinis, Verg. II. Esp., partic, viduata -ae, 
f. widowed, Tac 

viduus -a -urn (root VID, seen in divido), 
separated from something. I. Gen., deprived of, 
bereaved of, destitute of; with genit. or abl. or a 
with abl., pectus viduum amoris, Ov. ; lacua 
vidui a lumine Phoebi, Verg. II. Esp., 1, de* 
prived of a husband, widowed ; domus, Ov. ; so 
of an unmarried woman, se rectius viduam (un- 
married) et ilium caelibem futurum fuisse, Liv.; 
hence, mulier vidua and subst., vidua -ae, f. a 
widow, Cic; hence, transf., a, of animals, Plin.; 
b, of trees, to which no vine is trained, arbor, 
Hor. ; 2, deprived of a lover; puolla, Ov. 

Vienna -ae, f. a town in Gallia Karbonensis, 
on the Rhone, now Vienne. Hence, Viennen- 
SiS -e, o/ Vienne. 

vieo -etum, 2. to bind, weave together, Varr. 

vietus -a -um (vieo), shrivelled, shrunken, 
withered; cor, Cic. 

vigeo, 2. to be rigorous, thrive, flourish, to be 
active. I. Lit., quod viget, caeleste est, Cic.; 
animus in rermn cognltione vigct, Cic ; viget 
memoria, Cic II. Transf., to flourish, to be 
j>rosj>eroiis, to be in high repute or great power, to 
be ut the height; vigent studia, Cic; quem 
(Pliilnnem) in Academia maxlmo vigere audio, 
Cic. 

vigesco (inchoat. of vigeo), 3. to become 
vigorous, to begin tofiourislt or thrive, Lucr. 

vlgesimus = vicesimus (q.v.). 

Vigil -ilis, all. -Ill, genit. plur. -um, wakeful, 
watchful. I. Lit, canes, Hor.; ales, the cock, 
Ov. ; subst., a watchman, Liv.; plur., vigiles 
fanique custodes, Cic. II. Transf., vigiles 
oculi, Verg. ; ignis, ever-burning, Verg., Ov. 

vigilans -antis, p. adj. (from vigilo), watch- 
ful, vigilant ; oculi, Verg. ; consul, Cic. ; ut 
nemo vigilantior ad judicium venisso videatur, 
Cic. 

vigilanter, adv. (vigilans), wdkefuUy, vigil- 
antly ; se tueri, Cic; enitar vigilantius, Cic; 
vehementissime vigilantisslmeque vexatus, Cic. 

vigilantia -ae, f. (vigilo), watchfulness, vigil- 
ance, wakefulness, Cic. 

vigilax -acia (vigilo), watchful, wakeful; 
Clirae, disturbing, Ov. 

vigilia -ae, f. (vigil). I. Gen., wakefulness, 
sleeplessness, also = night spent in watching ; De- 
rnosthenis vigiliae, Cic. II. Esp., a watching 
for the security of a place, esp., for a city or camp, 
watch, guard. A. 1, lit., vigi'ias agcre ad aedes 



vig 



619 



vm 



sacras, OIc. ; vestra tecta eustodiis vigiliisque 
defendite, Clc. ; 2, meton., a, a watch, one of 
the four divisions into which the Romans divided 
the night ; prima vigilia, Liv. ; b, the soldiers 
'keeping watch, sentinels; si excubiae, si vigiliae, 
si delecta juventus, Cic. B. Fig., watchfulness, 
vigilance, care; ut vacuum metu populum 
Romanum nostra vigilia et prospicientia red- 
deremus, Cic. 

vigiliarium -li, n. (vigilia), a watch-house, 
Sen. 

vigilo, 1. (vigil). I. Intransit, to be awake, 
keep awake, watch. A. 1, lit., ad multam noctein, 
Cic; 2, transf., vigilantes cnrae, Cic; lumina 
vigilantia, on a lighthouse, Ov. B. Fig., to be 
vigilant, watchful, careful; vigilabo pro vobis, 
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to watch through, pass in 
watching; vigilata nox, Ov. ; 2, to care for by 
watching, provide for ; quae vigilanda viris, Verg. 

viginti, num. (connected with dxocn), twenty, 
Cic 

vigintiviratus -us, m. (vigintiviri), the 
office of the vigintiviri ; a, for the division of the 
public land, Cic; b, of an inferior civil court, Tac. 

vigintiviri -orum, m. a commission of twenty 
members, appointed by Caesar for the division of 
lands in Campania, Cic 

vigor -oris, m. (vigeo), vigour, force, energy; 
aetatis, Liv. ; animi, Liv. 

Vila = villa (q.v.). 

villous — villicus (q.v.). 

vilipendo, 3. (vilis and pendo), to think 
meanly of, hold cheap, Plaut. 

vilis -e, cheap, low-priced. I. Lit., servulus, 
Cic. ; fi'umeutum vilius, Cic. ; res vilissimae, 
Cic. II. Transf., a, worthless, common, of little 
value; honor vilior fuisset, Cic; h, found in 
quantities, abundant, common; j)liaselus, Verg. 

vilitas -alis, f. (vilis), cheapness, loiv price. I. 
Lit., annonac, Cic. ; annus est in vilitato, it is a 
cheap year, Cic; num in vilitate nummum dedit, 
at the lowest price, Cic. II. Transf., trifling 
value, worthlessness, meanness, Plin. 

Vlliter, adv. (vilis), cheaply, Plaut. 

villa -ae, f. (perhaps connected with vicus), 
a country-house, an estate, country seat, farm. 
I. Gen., qui ager neque villain habuit neque 
ex ulla parte fait coitus, Cic. II. Esp., Villa 
Publica, a public building at Home in the Campus 
Martins, used by the magistrates when they held 
the ccnsiis or the levy for the army, and by foreign 
ambassadors, Liv. 

villaris -e (villa), of or relating to a country- 
house, Plin. 

villaticus -a -um (villa), of or relating to a 
country-house, Varr. 

villioa, v. villicus. 

villico, 1. (villicus), to manage an estate; ut 
quasi dispensare rempublicam et in ea quodam 
modo villicare possit, Cic. 

villicus -a -um (villa), of or belonging to a 
country-seat. Subst. , A. villicus -i, m, a bailiff, 
steward, overseer of an estate, Cic. B. villioa 
-ae, f. a bailiff's wife, Cat. 

villosus'-a -um (villus), shaggy, rough-haired, 
hairy ; leo, Verg., Ov. 

villula -ae, f. (dim. of villa), a small country- 
house, little farm, Cic. 

villuin -i, n. (dim. of vinum, for vinulum), 
o little drop of wine, Ter. 

villus -i, m. (connected with pilus), shaggy 
hair; animantinm aliae villis vestitae, Cic. 

vimen -Inis, n. (vieo), an osier, withe, twig ; 
1, lit., scuta ex cortice facta ant viminibus 



intextis, Caes. ; 2, meton. = a baslcet or vesul 
made of twigs, etc.; curvum, a bee-hive, Ov. 
vimentum = vimen (q.v.). 

Viminalis -e (vimen), of or relating to osiers. 

I. Gen., Plin. IL Esp., as a proper name, 
Viminalis collis, owe of the hills of Home, so called 
from an osier plantation there, wliere Jupiter 
Viminius was worshijjped. 

viminetum -i, n. (vimen), an osier-bed.Xarr. 

vimincus -a -um (vimen), made of osiers, 
ivicker ; tegumenta, Caes. 

Viminius, v. viminalis. 

vin'=visne, v. 1. volo. 

Vinaceus -a -um (vinum), belonging to wine. 
Subst, vinaceus -i, m. a grape-stone. 

vinalia -lum, n. (vinum), the wine festival, 
held twice a year on the 22wJ of April and the 
19th of August, Ov. 

vinarius -a -um (vinum), of or relating to 
wine. I. Adj., vas, o wine-cask, Cic. ; crimen, 
relating to the duties on wine, Cic II. Subst., 
A. vinarius -li, m. o vintner. B. vinar- 
iuni -li, n. a wine-jar, wine-Jlask, Plaut. 

vincapervinca -ae, f. a plant, periwinkle, 
Plin. 

Vincibilis -e (vinco), that can be easily g : r.ed ; 
causa, Ter. 

vincio, vinxi, vinctum, 4. L to bind, to tie 
rmtnd ; 1, lit., a, suras cothurno alte, Verg. ; 
tempora floribus, Hor. ; boves vincti cornua 
vittis, Ov. ; b, esp., to bind, fetter ; inanus laxe, 
Liv.; aliquem triais catenis, Caes.; 2, fig., to 
fetter ; a, to bind, pledge ; eius religioni te 
vinctum astrictumqus dedamus, Cic ; b, to 
limit, confine, restrain; si turpissime se ilia 
pars' animi gerct, vinciatur, Cic. II. Transf., 
A. to bind, confine; membra oratiouis numeris. 
Cic. B. to strengthen, protect; oppida praesidiis, 
Cie. C. to embrace closely, Prop. D. to fetter 
by cncluintments ; linguas et ora, Ov. 

vinco, vlci, victum, 3. (perhaps connected 
with pcr-vicax), to conquer, overcome, defeat, sub- 
due, vanquish. I. A. Lit., a, milit. 1. 1., .jus esse 
belli r.t qui vicjsafint iis quos vicissent quem- 
admodum vellflti't imperareut, Caes.; Carthagini- 
enses, Cic. ; b, in a contest of skill, neque 
vincere certo, Verg. ; c, in any.kind of conten- 
tion ; (a) in play, Quint. ; Q3) in law, judicio (of 
the prosecutor), Cic. ; judicium (of the accused), 
Cic; (y) at an auction, to out-bid; Othonem, 
Cic. ; (6) in debate, vicit ea pars senatus, etc., 
Sail. B. Transf., to master, to get the mastery 
over; a, non viribus ullis vincere posse ramum, 
Verg. ; victus somno, Liv. ; vincere noctem 
flammis (of lights), Verg. ; multa saecula 
durando, to last, Verg. ; b, of a place, aera 
summum arboris jactu vincere, to fly over, Verg. 

II. Fig., A. to master, control; a, vincit ipsa 
rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic ; 
b, to overcome by working on one's feelings, will, 
etc.; vinci a vohvptate, Cic; victus animi re- 
spexit, Verg. B. 1, to jkks beyond, surpass; 
opinionem vicit omnium, Cic. ; 2, to prove vic- 
toriously; vinco deinde bonum virum fuisse 
Oppianicuin, hominem integrum, etc., Cic; 3, 
in colloquial language, a, vincimus, vicimus, w» 
have won, we have attained our object ; cui si ess» 
in urbe tuto liccUt, vicimus, Cic ; b. vicisti, 
you are right; viceris, you shall have your way ; 
vincite, vincerent, luxve your way, let them have 
their way ; vincite, si ita vultis, Caes. 

vinctura -ae, f. (vincio), o bandage, Varr. 
vinctus -ti, in. (vincio), a binding, Varr. 
vinoulum (vinclum) -i, n. (vincio), a 
band, cord, noose. I. Lit., A. Gen., corpora 



Viil 



(J-20 



vir 



coDstricta vlnculis, Cic; aptare vincula Colin, 
Ov. B. Esp., vincula, lx»ids, fetters of a 
prisoner, and metoll., imprisonment; conjieere 
aliqueni in vincula, Caes. ; rninpere alicuius 
vincula, Cic. ; esse in vinculia et catenis, Liv. 
ZI. Transf., A. a bond, fetter, chain ; a, concr., 
ex corporum vinculia tanquain e carcere evol- 
averunt, Cic. ; b, abstr., vinculum ingens im- 
modieae cupiditatis injectum est, Liv. B. a 
band, bomi ; a, concr., mollitpennaruin vincula, 
ceras, Ov. ; b, abstr., numerorum, Cic; con- 
junctionis, Cic; fidei, Liv.; vinclis propin- 
quitatis coiijunctus, Cic. ; vincula judiciorum. 
Cic. 

Vindelici -orum, in. a German people north 
of Rhaetia, south of the Danube, with a capital 
Augusta Vindelicorum, now Augsburg. 

vindemia -ae, f. (vinum and demo), the 
vintage. I. A. Lit., Plin. B. Meton., grapes, 
wine, Verg. II. Transf., harvest, ingathering; 
olearum, Plin. 

vindemiator -oris, m.(vindemio),« vintager. 

I. Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a star in the constel- 
lation l'irgo, Ov. 

vindcmio, 1. (vindemia), io gather the vint- 
age, Plin. 

vindemiola -ae, f. (dim. of vindemia), a 
little vintage; meton., omnes lr.eas vindemiolas 
reserve, income, Cic. 

vinriox -Ids, c (vindico). I. one who lays 
claim to or protects, a surety, guarantee, protector, 
defender, deliverer, vindicator ; a, of a surety, 
Cic; b, a protector; aeris alieni, a protector of 
creditors, Cic; injuriae, against wrong, Liv. 

II. o/i avenger, revenger, punisher; conjura- 
tionis, Cic. 

Vindicitio -6nis>, f. (vindico), a defending, 
protecting, avenging, Cic. 

vindieiae -arum, f. (vindico), a making a 
legal claim to a thing in presence of the praetor; 
injustis viudiciis ac saeramentis petcre aliquid, 
Cic; 1 1 i Appius vindieias ab libertate in servi- 
tutein dedcrit, has adjiulgcd a free jierson to be a 
slave, Liv. 

vindico, 1. (vim dico, to threaten force). I. 
to make a legal claim fur .-.j... ■'thing, to '•laim. 

A. Lit., sponsam in libertatem, Liv. B. 
Transf, 1, to lay claim to, to claim, arrogate, 
assume, appropriate; Clni suum (Ilomerum) 
vindicant, Cic. ; deeus belli ad sc, Liv. ; partem 
aliquam sibi quisque vindicat, Cic. ; 2, a, to 
set free, liberate, deliver; vindieare rem populi 
in libertatem, Cic; te ab eo vindico et libera, 
Cic; b, to protect, preserve; libertatem, Caes.; 
aliquem a verberibns, Cic. II. to avenge, 
punish, take vengeance on. A. Lit., acerrime 
malelicia, Cic. ; in cives inilitesque nostras, Cic. 

B. Trans t, Graccbi conatus perditos, Cic 
Vindicta -ae, f. (vindico). I. the rod with 

which the praetor touched the slave, who was to be. 
manumitted, a manumission staff; si neque 
censu neque. vindicta neque lestamento liber 
factus est, Cic. II. Jleton., A. deliverance. ; 
vii'dicta invisae lvuius vitae, Liv. B. vengeance, 
punishment; legis severae, Ov. 

vinea, v. vinens. 

vineatlCUS -a -um (vinea), belonging to i : 
relating to vines, Cato. 

vinctum -i, n. (vinum), a vineyard, Cic. 

vlneus -a -um (vinum), of or belonging to 
leine. Subst., vinea -ae, f . A. a vineyard, Cic. 
B. MiUt. t. t., a sheil bvilt (like an arbour) for 
sheltering besiegers, a mantlet, pentliouse, Caes. 

vinitor -oris, m. (vinum), a vinedresser, Cic. 

vinniilus a um, sweet, cluirming, pleasant, 
Plaut. 



vinolentia -ae, f. (vinolentus), wine-drink- 
ing, intoxication, Cic. 

vinolentus -a -um (vinum). I. Gen., mixed 
with wine; medicamina, Cic. II. Esp., of 
persons, drunk with 'vine; intoxicated, Cic. ; 
subst., vinolenti = drunkards, Cic. 

vinosus -a -urn (vinum), full of wine, drtnfc- 
i»<i much wine, wine-bibbing ; aeuex, Anacreun, 
Ov. ; vinosior aetas, Ov. 

vinulent ... v. vinolent. 

vinum -i, n. (connected with olvos), wine. I. 
A. Lit., leve, Cic; mutatuin, sour, Cic; villi 
plenus, Cic. ; obruere se vino, Cic. ; plur., vina 
= kinds of wine, Cic. B. Meton., a, the grape ; 
b, wine = wine-drinking ; vino lustrisque con- 
fectus, Cic; in vino ridere, Cic. II. Transf., 
wine made from fruit, Plin. 

Viocurus -i, m. (via and euro), ait overseer 
of roads, Varr, 

viola -ae, f. (ioi'). I. a violet ; pallens.Verg.; 
collect., an tu me in viola putabas aut in rosa 
dicere? on beds of violets or roses? Cic. II. 
Meton., the colour of the violet, violet; tinctus 
viola pallor amantium, Hor 

violabilis -e (violo), that may or can be in- 
jured; cor, Ov.; numen, Verg. 

violaceus -a -um (viola), violet-coloured, 
Nep. 

violarmm -li, n. (viola), a bed of violets, 

Verg ' 

violarius -ii, m. (viola), one who dyts violet, 
Plaut. 

violatio -oois, f. (violo), an injury, violation, 
profanation; templi, Liv. f> 

violator -oris, in. (violo), an injurer, violator 

profuncr ; templi, Ov. ; gentium juris, Liv. 

Vl61enS-enti.s(vis), vehement, violent, fur ion ; ; 
Aulldus, Hor. 

violenter, adv. (violens), violently, impetu- 
ously, vehemently ; aliquem accusare, Liv. 

violentia -ae, f. (violentus), violence, vehe- 
mence, impetuosity; lioininis, Cic; fortunae, 
Sail. 

violentus -a -um (vis), violent, vehement, 
furious, impetuous; ingenium, Cic; ira, Ov. ; 
violentior eurus, Verg. ; Yiolentissimae tein- 
pestates, Cic. 

violo, 1. (vis), to treat with violence, violate, 
injure; a, urbem, to plunder, Liv.; tines, to lay 
waste, Cic. ; ebur sanglineo ostro, to dye blood- 
red, Verg.; b, morally, to profane, dishonour; 
loca religiosa, Cic. ; jus, Cic; amicitiam, Cic 

vipera -ae, f. (perhaps for vivipara, from 

vivus and pario, bearing the young alive). I. a 
viper, Plin. ; prov., in sinu atque (leliciis 
viperam illa.ni venenatam et pestiferani habere, 
to nourish- a snake, in one's bosom, Cic. ; as a 
word of abuse, viper, Juv. II. Transf., in 
general, a snake, serpent, udder, Verg. 

vipereus -a -um (vipera). I. of a viper or a 
snake; dentes, Ov. ; anima, poisonous breath, 
Verg. II. having snakes ; inonstium, the snaky- 
haired Medusa head, Ov. ; canis, Cerberus, Ov. ; 
sorores, the Furies, with snakes ou their heads, 
Ov. 

viperinus -a -um (vipera), of or relating to 
a viper or snuke ; sanguis, Hor. 

vipio -onis, in. o kind of small crane, Plin. 

vir, viri, m. a man, male person. I. Gen., de 
viro factus femina, Ov. II. Esp., A. a fvll-yrown 
man, a man of mature age (o\y. puer), Ov. B. a 
husband; in viro suo Socrate, Cic; transf., of 
animals, vir g-^-gis ipse caper, Verg. C. Emphat, 
a man of character, courage, spirit; tulit dolorem 



vir 



621 



vir 



ut vir, Cic. D. Milit. t. t.= soldier, gen. plur., 
soldiers, or opp. to cavalry = foot-soldiers ; 
equites virique, Liv. E. Used for is or illc, 
auctoritas viri moverat, Liv. F. a single man, 
an individual ; in such a phrase as vir virum 
legit, eaeh singles out his opponent, Verg. G. 
Plur., viri, poet, transf. = homines, men, mortals, 
as opp. to gods. H. Meton., virility, Cat. 
(genit. plur., often virum). 

Virago -Inis, f. (virgo), a man-like woman, 
female warrior, heroine; of Pallas, bello metu- 
enda virago, Ov. ; Juturna virago, Verg. 

VirblUS -ii, m. (said to be from vir and bis), 
the name of Hippolytus after he was restored to 
life; also of his son, Verg. 

virectum (viretum) -i, n. (*virex from 
vireo), greensward, turf; plur., vireeta nem- 
orum, glades, Verg. 

virens, p. adj. (from vireo). I. green ; 
agellus, Hor. II. Fig., blooming, youthful; 
puella, Ilor. 

' 1. vireo, 2. to be green. I. Lit., arbores et 
vita virent, Cic. II. Fig., to be blooming, vigor- 
ous, healthy, fresh, youthful ; virebat integris 
sensibiis, Liv. 

2. vireo -onis, m. a kind of bird, perhaps the 
green-finch, Plin. 

vires -ium, f., v. vis. 

Viresco, 3. (inchoat. of vireo), to grow green, 
become green; injussa virescunt gramina, Verg. 

viretum — virectum (q.v.). 

virga -ae, f. (vireo). I. a thin green twig, 
bough; turea, Verg. ; viscata, a limed twig, Ov. 
II. Meton., A. 1, a slip for planting, Ov. ; 2, a 
rod for inflicting stripes, Plant.; e.sp., plur., 
virgae, the rods of which the lictors' fasces were 
formed ; aliquem virgis caedere, Cic. ; sing, 
collect., for the fasces, Ov. ; 3, a broom, Ov. ; 
4, a magic wand; esp. of Mercury, Ov., Verg. 
B. Of things resembling a rod or twig, 1, virgae, 
the sialics of the flax plant, Plin.; 2, a streak, stripe 
of colour on clotlies ; purpureis tingit sua cor- 
pora virgis, Ov. 

virgator -oris, m. (virga), one who beats with 
rods, Plant. 

virgatUS -a -urn (virga), 1, made of twigs or 
osiers, Cat. ; 2, striped ; sagula, Verg. 

virgeturn -i, n. (virga), an osier-bed, thicket 
of brushwood, Cic. 

virgeus -a -utn (virga), made of twigs or rods ; 
flanima, of burning twigs, Verg. 

virgldemia -ae, f. (formed in jest from 
analogy with vindemia), a 7-od-harvest, i.e., a 
good beating, Plaut. 

VirglllUS = Vergilius (q.v.). 

virginalis -e (virgo), of or belonging to a 
virgin, maidenly; habitus, vestitus, Cic. 

virginarius = virginalis (q. v.). 

virgineus -a -um (virgo), of or belonging to 
a virgin, maidenly; favilla, ashes of a dead 
maiden, Ov. ; rubor, Verg. ; aqua or liquor, the 
stream Virgo, v. Virgo, Ov. 

virgimtas -atis, f. (virgo), virginity, Cic. 

VirgiaiUS = Verginius (q.v.). 

virgo -inis, f.,(root VARG, whence opyrj). I. 
a maiden, virgin; 1, lit., Cic; Saturnia, Vesta, 
Ov. ; Phoebea, the. laurel-tree into which Daphne 
vms turned, Ov. ; virgo = Astraea, Verg. ; dea, 
Diana, Ov. ; virginis aequor, the Hellespont, Ov.; 
virgo vestalis or simply virgo, Cic. ; 2, transf., 
of animals, Plin. ; 3, meton., a, the constellation 
Virgo, Cic. poet.; b, Aqua Virgo, or simply Virgo, 
astream of water brought to Rome in an aqueduct 
by M. Agrippa, the source of which was said to 



have been discovered by a maiden. II. a young 
woman; a, unmarried, Ov. ; b, married, a 
young wife, Verg. 

virgula -ae, f. (dim. of virga). I. a little 
tv.ng, a little bough, Nep. II. Meton., a, rod, 
staff; 1, gen., virgula stantcm circumaeribere, 
Cic; 2, esp., a, virga divina, a magic, staff, Cic; 
b, censoria, a critical mark that the jtassage 
marked is not genuine, Quint. 

VirgiilatUS -a -um (virgula), striped, Plin. 

Virgultum -i, n. (for virguletum from vir- 
gula). I. a thicket, copse, brushwood ; gen. plur., 
Liv., Caes. II. a slip for planting , Lucr.,Verg. 

vlrguncula -ae, f. (dim. of virgo), a young 
virgin, little girl, Sen. 

viriae -arum, f. (vir), armlets, bracelets, 
Plin. 

Viriathus (Virlatus) -i, m. a brave Lusi- 
tanian, who commanded his countrymen in their 
war against the Romans. 

virldarlum (virldiarium) ii, n. (viridis), 
a pleasure-garden ; plur., viridaria. Cic. 

Viridicatus -a -um (viridis), made green, 
green, Cic. (?) 

viridis -e (vireo), green (in all its shades), 
grass-green, pea-green, sea-green. I. Lit., A. 
Adj., ripa, Cic ; Venafrum, rich in olive-trees, 
Hor. ; esp., of the colour of the sea, or of water, 
or of what is found in it, of the nymphs, etc.; 
Mincius, Verg. ; comae Nereiduin, Ov. B. 
Subst., Viride -is, n. 1, green, the colour green, 
Plin. ; 2, a green growth, the green of grass or 
trees ; esp., of young corn, Liv. ; plur., virldia 
-ium, n. green trees or herbs, Sen. II. Transf., 
of age, fresh, young, blooming, vigorous ; juventa, 
Verg. 

Viridltas -atis, f. (viridis). I. greenness; 
pratorum, Cic. II. Fig., the freshness, bloom of 
youth; senectus aufert viriditatem, Cic. 

virido, 1. (viridis). I. Intransit., to be 
green; partic , viridans, green; laurus, Verg. 
II. Transit., to make green; hence, viridari, to 
become green, Ov. 

Viridomarus (Virdomarus) -i, m. a 

Gallic name; a. a leader of the Aedui, Caes.; b, 
a commander »y the Insubres, killed by M. Claudius 
Marcellv.s, 111 p.o. 

virilis -e (vir), manly, male, virile. I. In rela- 
tion to sex ; 1, a, stirps, Liv. ; secus, male sex, 
Liv. ; b, in grammar, masculine, Varr. ; 2, of age, 
adult; toga, assumed by the Roman youtlts in their 
fifteenth or sixteenth year, Cic; 3, in relation to 
the person, pars virilis, part, lot, share, duty ; est 
nliqua pars mea virilis, Cic. ; pro virili parte, to 
the utmost of one's ability, Liv., Cic. II. manly, 
courageous, spirited, vigorous, bold ; animus, Cic; 
ingenium, Sail. 

virilitas -atis, f. (virilis), manly age, man- 
hood; 1, lit., Tac. ; 2, meton., virility, Tac. 

Virilit8r, adv. (virilis), manfully, courage- 
ously, vigorously ; aegrotare, Cic. ; facere, Hor. 

Virlolae -arum, f. (dim. of viriae), a small 
armlet, bracelet, Plin. 

viripotens -entis (vires and potens), mighty 
(epithet of Jupiter), Plaut. 

Viritim, adv. (vir). I. man by man, indi- 
viduiUly ; agros viritim dividere civibus, Cic. 
II. Transf., singly, separately, especially ; viritim 
commonefacere benehcii sui, Sail. 

Viromandui (Veromandi) -5rum, m. a 
people in Gallia Belgica, east of the Atrebates, 
south of the Nervii. 

virosus -a -um (virus), stinking, fetid; cas« 
torea, Verg. _ . .: .__■ 



rir 



G22 



Tit 



Virtus -fitis, f. (vir), manly excellence. I. 
A- GeD., 1, lit., excellence, capacity, worth, 
virtue; aniiui. corporis, Cic. ; 2, transf., of 

animals, inanimate or abstract things, character- 
istic excellence, goodness, worth, excellence; cqnj. 
Cic. : herbarum, Ov. ; oratoriae virtutes, Cic. 
B. Esp., 1, moral excellence, virtue; honesta in 
virtute ponuntur, Cic; 2, valour, bravery, 
murage, Cic, Caes., Liv. ; rei miliiaris, Cic ; 
bellandl, Cic; plar., virtutes, deeds of bravery, 
'Inc. ; 3, courage, resolution in difficulties; nisi 
virtute et animo restitisseni, Cic. 

virus -i, n. I. a slimy liquid, slime, Verg. 
II. A. poison; of snakes, Lucr., Verg.; fig., 
aliquis apud quern evomat virus acerbitatis 
suae, Cic. S. a harsh, bitter taste; tetrum, of 
salt water, Lucr. 

Vis (genit. sing., vis rare), ace vim, abl. vi, 
plur., vires -ium, f. force, power, strength. I. 

A. Lit., 1, a, sing., celeritas et vis equorum, 
Cic. ; fluminis, Caes. ; b, plur., vires, usually 
applied to physical, strength, vires nervique, 
sanguis viresque, Cic. ; 2, esp., hostile force, 
violence; cuni vi vis allata defenditur, Cic; 
alicui vim afferre, Cic. ; per vim, by force, Caes. 

B. Meton., 1, a large number or quantity; 
magna vis auri argentique, Cic. ; 2, plur., vires, 
troops, forces ; satis virium ad certaiuen, Liv. II. 
Transf., 1, gen., intellectual and moral strength, 
might, power, influence; vis ilia divina et. virtus 
orationis, Cic.; 2, esp., force, nature, -meaning, 
essence; a, in quo estomnis vis amicitiae, Cic ; 
b, esp., the meaning of a word; verbi, nominis, 
Cic. 

Viscatus -a -um (viscum), smeared with bird- 
lime; viiga, Ov. 

viscera, v. viscus. 

visceratio -onis, f. (viscera), a public cits' 
tribution of meat to the people, Cic 
Visco, 1. (viscum), to make sticky, Juv. 

. viscum -i, n. (ifds). I. mistletoe, Verg. II. 
Meton., bird-lime, Cic 

ViSCUS -Srie, n. usually plur. viscera -um, n. 
the inside ofihe, body, entrails, viscera. I. A. 
Lit, haerentia viscere tela, Ov. B. Tiansf., 
the flesh; e visceribus sanguis exeat, Cic. II. 
Meton., plur., a, of pefsmiST'j'wfl nod jlocd, 
one's own flesh — one's own child or children; 
diripinnt avidae viscera nostra ferae, Ov. ; b, 
of things, (o) the inmost part of anything; vis- 
cera montis, Verg. ; reipublieae, Cic. ; (J3) heart- 
blood = wealth, means ; aerarii, Cic. 

Visendus -a -um, p. adj. (from viso), worthy 
to be seen; ornatus, Cic; subst., visenda 
.-oruin, n. things worth seeing, Liv. 
. VISIO -onis, f. (video), a seeing, view. I. Lit., 
eamque esse dei visionem, ut similitudine cer- 
natur, Cic. II. Meton., a ? an appearance; 
.adventicia, Cic; b, a notion, idea ; doloris, Cic; 
veri et falsi, Cic. 

. visito, 1. (intens. of viso). I. to see often, 
Plaut.' II. to visit; aliqueni, Cic 

; viso -3i -gum, 3. (intens of video), to look at 
carefully, behold attentively, contemplate. I. Lit., 
agros, Liv. ; visendi causa venire, Cic. II. 
Transf., A. Gen., tocome to see, go to see, look to, 
see after ; aedem Minervae, Plaut. ; si domi est, 
•Ter. B. Esp., a, te visit, cell upon; esp., a 
sick person, ut viderem te et viserem, Cic. ; b, 
to visit a place ; Thespias, Cic. , domum alicuius, 
Cic. 

visulla -ae, f. a kind of vine, Plin. 
• visum -i, n. (video), that which U seen, an 
appearance, vision. I. Gen., Prop. II. Esp., 
A. an appearance in a dream, a dream; vim 
somnioruin, Cic. B, As translation o! Gr 



cjavTao-ia. of the Stoics, an image oj an external 
object received through the senses, Cic. 

Visurgis -is. ru. a river in North Germany, 
the Weser. 

visus -us, .a. (video). I. a seeing, sight, 
vision, look ; visu noeere, Cic. ; obire omnia visu. 
Verg.; plur., visus ell'ugiet tuos, Ov. II. 
Melon., a sight, appearance; hoc visu laetus, 
Liv.; of abstractions, visum habere quondam 
iusiguem et illustrem, Cic. 

vita -ac, f. (vivo), life. I. n, lit., in vita esse, 
to live, Cic. ; vitam amittere, Cic ; vitam pro- 
fuhdere pro aliquo, Cic ; vitam miserrimam 
degere, Cic. ; vitam alicui adimere or auferre, 
Cic. ; deum vitam accipere, Verg. ; in vita, during 
my whole life, Cic; plur., serpit per omnium 
vitas amicitia, Cic ; b, transf., of trees, etc., 
life, duration, Plin. II, Meton., 1, life, way of 
living ; rustica, Cic. ; 2, life = biography, Nep. ; 

3, lije, as a term of endearment ; mea vita, Cic; 

4, a soul, shade in the lower world; tenues sine 
corpore vitae, Verg. ; 5, men living, the world, 
Tib.. _ 

vitabilis -e (vito), that may or ought to be 
shunned, Ov. 

vitabundus -a -um (vito), trying to avoid, 
avoiding, shunning; vitabundus erumpit, Sail.; 
with ace, vitabundus castra liostium, Liv. 

vitalis -e (vita), of or relating to life, vital, 
Cic; viae, the windpipe, Ov. ; subst., Tvtalia 
-ium, n. vital parts, Plin. 

vitalitas -.itis, f. (vitalis), life, vitality, 
Plin. 

vital! ter, adv. (vitalis), vitally, Lucr. 

vitatio -onis, f. (vito), an avoiding, shun- 
ning; oculorum, lucis, urbis, fori, Cic. ; doloris, 
Cic. 

Vitellia -ae, f. a town of the Aequi inLatium, 
now Civitella. 

VitelllUS -ii, m., Aulus, the Homan emperor 
who succeeded Otho, notorious for his gluttony and 
idleness, llence, A. Vitollius_ -a -uin, be- 
longing to Vitelliv.s. B. Vitellianus -a -um, 
Vitellian. 

vitellus -i, m. (dim. of vitulus). I. a little 
calf, as a term of endearment, Plaut. II. the 
yolk of an egg, Cic. 

vitcus -a -um (vitis), "/or relating to a vine; 
pocula, wine, Verg. 

vitiarium -Ii, n. (vitis), a nursery of young 
vines, Var. 

vitiatio -Onis. f. (vitio), a defiling, ravishing, 
Sen. 

vitiator -oris, m. (vitio), a violator, ravisher, 
Sen. 

viticiila -ae, f. (dim. of vitis), a little vine, 
Cic 

vitifer -feYa -fSrum (vitis and fero), vine- 
bearing, Plin. 

vitigenus -a -um (vitis and gigno), produced 
from the vine ; liquor, Lucr. 

vitigineus -a -um (vitis) of or relating to 
the vine, Plin. 

Vitiligo -in is, f. (vitium), a kind of cutaneous 
eruption, Plin. 

vitilis -e (vieo), plaited, intertusined, Plin. 
Subst., vitilia -ium, n. wicker-work, Plin. 

vitio, 1. (vitium), to injure, damage, corrup', 
spoil, mar, vitiate. I. Lit., a, vitiatus aper, 
high, Hor. ; omnem salibusamaris, Ov. ;b, esp., 
to defile, debauch a. maiden, Ter. II. Transf., A, 
Gen., to forge, falsify ; senatus consulti, Liv.; 
comitiorum et contionum significationes, Cic 
B. Esp. religious t.t., vitiare diem, to declare flf 
day unfit Jor the holding of the ceimis, Cic. 



vit 



623 



viv 



vitiose, adv. (vitiosus), fault]/, defective. I. 
Lit., vitiose se habere, Cic. II. Transf., A. 
perversely, wrongly ; illud vero idem Caecihus 
vitiosius, Cic. B. Esp., against the auguries; 
ferre leges, Cic. 

vitiositas -atis, f. (vitiosus), viciousncss, 
wickedness, Cic. 

vitiosus -a -um (vitium), faulty, defective, 
corrupt, bad. I. Lit., Varr. ; in fig., vitiosas 
partes (unsound limbs) reipublicae exsecare, 
sanare, Cic. II. Transf., A. defective, faulty, 
wrong; suft'ragium, Cic; lex, Cic; vitiosis- 
simus orator, Cic. B.Esp., 1, defective - against 
the auguries, Cic. ; consul, dictator, elected in- 
formally, Cic, Liv.; 2, morally corrupt, wicked; 
non sunt vitiosiores, quam plerique qui, etc., 
Cic. ; vitiosa et flagitiosa vita, Cic. 

vitis -is, f. I. a vine; 1, lit., Cic; 2, 
meton., the centurion's staff, made of a vine- 
branch, Tac. ; meton., the post of centurion, Juv. 
II. Transf., vitis alba, a plant, also called aui- 
peloleuce, Ov. 

vitisator -oris, m. (vitis and sator), one who 
plants vines, Verg. 

vitium -ii, n. a fault, defect, blemish, imper- 
fection. I. Lit, a, corporis, Cic; si nihil est 
in paiietibus aut in tecto vitii, Cic. ; b, dross, 
in metal; ignis vitium metallis excoquit, Ov. 
II. Transf., A. Gen., a fault, imperfection, de- 
fect; adversum vitium castrorum, defective 
position, Cic. ; vitia Lc dicente acutius quam 
recta videre, Cic. ; omnia fere vitia vitare, Cic 
B. Esp., 1, religious t.t., adefect in the auguries ; 
Uberna.c\ilwiivitio(againstthe auguries) captum, 
Cic; 2, a, a moral fault, crime, vice; vitium 
fugere, Hor. ; nullum ob totius vitae non dicam 
vitium, sed erratum, Cic; in vitio esse, to de- 
serve blame, Cic. ; or of persons, to betoblame, Cic ; 
b, a defiling, debauching a woman, Plaut. 

vito, 1. to avoid, shun. I. Lit., tela, Caes. ; 
hastas, Ov. ; aspeetum or oculos hominum, Cic. 
II. Fig., A. a, with ace, stultitiam, Cic; 
suspiciones, Caes. ; b, with ne and the subj., 
vitandum est oratori utrumque, ne aut scurrilia 
jocus .sit aut mimicus, Cic ; c, with the infin., 
tangere vitet scripta, Hor. B. to escape; casum 
Cic. ; fuga mortem, Caes. 

Vltreus -a -um (vitium), made of glass. I. 
A. Lit., hostis, a glass draughtsman, Ov. B. 
Meton., like glass, glassy, transparent, glittering; 
unda, Verg.; ros, Ov. ; Circe, Hor. II. Fig., 
fama, glittering, Hor. 
vitricus -i, m. a stepfather, Cic. 
vitrum -i, li- I. glass ; merces in chartis et 
linteis et vitro delatae, Cic. II. woad, a plant 
producing a blue dye, Caes. 

Vitruvms -li, ni., M. Vitruvius Pollio, of 
Verona, whose work, De Architectura Libri X, 
composed probably about 14 B.C., we still possess. 

vitta -ae, f. a ribbon, band, fdlct ; 1, as a 
binding for the head ; a, for sacrificial victims, 
Verg. ; b, of priests and priestesses, Verg. ; c, 
of free-born women, Ov. ; 2, a band round the 
altar, Verg. ; 3, the fillets round the brandies 
carried by supplicants, Verg. 

vittatus -a -um (vitta), decorated with a fillet; 
capilli, Ov. 
Vltula -ae, f. (vitulus), a calf, heifer, Verg. 
vitulinus -a -um (vitulus), of or relating 10 
a calf; caruncula, Cic. ; assum, roast veal, Cic 
Subst, vitulina -ae, f. veal, Plaut. 

vitiilor, 1. dep. to celebrate a festival, be joy- 
ful, Plaut. 

vitulus -i, m. (iraXos). I. a buUrcalf, Cic. 
XI. Applied to tlie young of other animals, e.g., 



of a horse, Verg. ; vitulus marinus, or simply 
vitulus, a sea-cay; Pliu. 
v.tuyerabllis -e (vitupero), blamable, 

Cic 



vituperatio -5nis, f. (vitupero), a blaming< 
scolding, vituperation; in vituperationem venire, 
or adduci, or cadere, or subire vituperationem, 
Cic. ; meton., that which i3 blamable, blamable 
conduct, Cic 

vitiiperator -oris, m. (vitupero), a blamer, 
vituperator ; mei, Cic. ; philosophiae, Cic. v 

vitupero, 1. (vitium and paro), to blame, 
scold, censure, vituperate; consilium, Cic. ; ali- 
quem, Cic 

vivacitas -atis, f. (vivax), length of life, lon- 
gevity, Pliu. 

vivarium -li, n. (vivus), a place where living 
animals are kept, a park, warren, preserve, a fish- 
pond, Pliu.; fig., excipiant senes, quos in vivaria 
mittant, allure by presents, Hor. 

VivatUS -a -um (vivus), lively, vivid, Lucr. 

vivax -acis (vivo). I. a, long-lived; phoenix, 
Ov. ; b, lasting, enduring ; oliva, Verg. II. a, 
lively, vigorous; sulfura, inflammable, Ov. ; b, 
brisk, vivacious, Quint. 

viverra -ae, f. a ferret, Plin. ' 

yivesco (vivisco), vixi, 3. (vivo). I. to 
begin to live, Plin. II. 



to be lively, vigorous, 



Lucr. 

vividus -a -um (vivo). I. showing signs of 
life, animated : a, lit., gemma, Ov. ; b. transf., of 
pictures and statues, life-like, true to life; signa, 
Prop. II. full of life, lively, vigorous ; senectus, 
Tac. ; virtus, Verg. 

viviradix -Icis, f. (vivus and radix), a cutting 
which has a root, a layer, Cic. 
vivisco = vivesco (q.v.). 
vivo, vixi, victum, 3. (j3iou>), to live, be alive. 
I. Lit, A. Gen., a, of persons, ad sumniam 
senectutem, Cic; annum, a year, Ov. ; with 
cognate ace, viUni tutiorem, Cic ; vivere de 
lucro, to owe one's life to tlie favour of anotlier, 
Cic. ; si vivo, or si vivam, if I live (in threats), 
Ter. ; ita vivam, as true as I live, Cic; ne vivam, 
may I die if, etc., Cic. ; b, transf., (a) of 
plants, to live, vivit vitis, Cic; (j3) of fire, in 
bum ; cinis vivet, Ov. B. 1, to live = to enjoy 
life; vivamus, mea Lesbia, Cat; quaudo viv- 
emus, have leisure, Cic. ; so vive, vivite, in 
saying good-bye, farewell, Hor., Verg. ; 2, to 
last, continue ; vivunt scripta, Ov. ; eius mihi 
vivit auctoritas, Cic. II. Meton., 1,' a, to lire 
on anything; lacte ata.ua pecore, Caes. ; b, to 
pass one's life, live; vivere cumtimore, Cic. ; in 
litteris, Cic ; in paupertate, Cic ; with double 
nom., vivo miserrimus, Cic. ; 2, to live with 
some one or at some place; a, to live, to find one- 
self, ta stay; vixit Syracusis, Cic; b, to live 
with some one, to live in the company of; cum 
aliquo valde familiariter, Cic. 

vivus -a -um (vivo), alive, living. I. Adj., 
A. Lit., aliquem vivum capere, Liv.; patrem 
et filium vivos comburere, Cic. ; frangetis im- 
petum vivi, while he is alive, Cic. B. Transf., 
1, living, belonging to a living person ; vox, Cic. ; 
calor, Ov. ; 2, seeming to live, true to life, life- 
like; vivos ducent de marmore vultus, Verg. ; 
3, of plants, living; arundo, Ov. ; 4, living, 
looting, natural, lively; flumen, running water, 
Verg., Liv. ; lucerna, burning, Hor. ; roz,_fresk, 
Ov. ; sulfur, natural, Liv. II. Subst. , vivum 
-i n. that which is alive, the flesh with life ana 
feeling; calor ad vivum adveniens, Liv. ; r.eque 
id ad vivum reseco, cut to thj quick, i.e., not take 
ii intoo literal a sense, Cic ; de vivo detrahere 
(resecare), to take away from the capital, Cic. 



VIX 



624 



vol 



Vix, adv. (connected with vis, as Gr. noyis 
With fioyo<;, thus orig. with effort). I. Gen., 
with effort, scarcely; vix teneorquin accurram, 
Cic. II. Esp. a, with quum or (poet.) et, and 
(poet.) without quuin, sairccii/ . . . when ; vix 
erathoc plane iinperatuni, quum ilium spoliatuin 
stipatumque lictoribus vidercs, Cic. ; vix in- 
opfna quies laxaverat artus, et, etc., Verg. ; 
b, without quum or et, vix proram attigerat, 
rumpit Saturnia funein, Verg. ; c, strengthened 
with dura, gen., vixdnm (in one word), hardly, 
yet; vixdum coetu nostra dimisso, Cic; d, 
strengthened by tandem, only just ; vix tandem 
legi literas, Ci" 

vixdum, v. vix, II. c. 

vocabulum -i, n. (voco), the name, appella- 
tion of anything, L Lit. , a, res suum nomen 
et proprium vocabulum non habet, Cic. ; b. a 
name peculiar to any person or thing ; cui(oppiuo) 
uomen inditum e vocabulo ipslus, Tac. ; c, 
grammat. t.t., a noun substantive, V'arr. II. a 
pretext, Tac. 

VOCalis -e (vox), uttering sounds, vocal, re- 
sounding, singing. I. Adj., carmen, Ov. ; Or- 
pheus, Hor. ; ue quern vocalem praeterisse vide- 
amur, any one with a good voice, Cic. II. Subst., 
VOCalis -is, f. (se littera), a vowel, Cic. 

vocalitas -atis, f. (vocalis), harmony, eu- 
phony, Quint. 

vocamoii -inis, n. (voco), a name, appellation, 
Lucr. 

Vocates -lum, in. o people in Aquitanian 
Gaul, now Baiadois. 

vocatio -onis, f. (voco), 1, a summoning 
before a court of law, Varr. ; 2, <:n invitation to 
dinner, Cat. 

vocator -Oris, in. (voco), an inviter, PKn. 

vdcatus -fis, ni. (voco). I. a calling, sum- 
moning, invocation; plur., vocatus mei, Verg. 
II. an inviting, invitation, e.g., to a sitting of 
the senate, Cic. 

voclferatio -onis, f. (vociferor), a loud 
shouting, vociferation, Cic. 

VCClferatUS -us, m. = vociferatio (q.v.). 

vocifero, 1. «= vociferor; pass, impers., 
vociferatum fortiter, Liv. 

vociferor, 1. dep. (vox and fern), to cry 

loudly, shout, vociferate; palam, Cic. ; tnlia, Verg. ; 
with ace. and infin., quod vociferabare decern 
miliatalentum Gabinio essepromissa, Cic. ;with 
interrog. sent., vociferari Decius, quo fugerent, 
Liv. ; with de and the abl., de superbia patrum, 
Liv. 

VOClflCO, I. (vox and facio), to shout aloud, 
Van-. 

VOClto, 1. (intens. of voco). I. to be n, cus- 
tomed to name, to be wont to call; has Graeci 
Stellas Hyadas vocitare suerunt, Cic. II. to 
shout loudly, Tac. 

VOCO, 1. (vox), to call, summon. I. Lit., A. 
Gen., 1, Dumnorigem ad se, Caes. ; aliquem in 
contionem, Cic. ; 2, to call upon, invoke; deos, 
Hor. B. Esp.,1, to summon before a cowt of 
law; aliquem in. jus, Cic. ; 2, to invite, to dinner, 
etc. ; ad cenam, Cic. ; 3, to call forth, to provoke; 
hostem, Verg., Tac. ; 4. to rail, name, designate; 
aliquid alio nomine, Cic. ; patrioque vooat de 
nomine mensem, Ov. II. Transf., to bring, 
put, place in any state or condition ; ne me apud 
inilites in invidiam voces, Cic. ; ad calculos 
amicitiam, Cic. ; in dubium, to call in question, 
Cic. ; aliquem in partem, Cic. 

Vocontii -orum, m. a people in Gallia Nar- 
bonensis, on the left bank of the Rhone. 

vdoula -ae, f. (dim. of vox). I. a low, weak 



voice, Cic. II, Transf., 1, a low tone in singing 
or speaking; falsae voculae, Cic. ; 2, contemptu- 
ously, a little petty speech ; incurrere in voculas 
inalevoloram, Cic. ; u petty speech, Cic. 

VOla -ae, f. the hollow of the liand or foot, Flin. 

volaema, v. volemum. 

Volaterrae -arum f. an old town in Etruria, 
now Volterro. Hence, Volaterranus -a -urn, 
of Volaterrae; Vada, a port in the district of 
Volaierrae, now Torre di Vado; plur. subst., 
Volaterrani -orum, in. the inhabitants of 
Volaterrae. 

volaticus -a -urn (2. volo). I. having wings, 
winged; a,, flying, I'laut. ; b, flying here and 
there; illius furentes ac volatici impetus, Cic. 
II. Fig., ileeting, flighty, inconstant; Academia, 
Cic. 

vdlatilis -e (2. volo). J. having wings, 
winged; bestiae, Cic; puer, Cupid, Ov. II. 
Transf., 1, swift, rapid; ferritin, Verg. ; 2, 
fleeting, transitory ; aetas, Ov. 

volatura -ae, f. (2. volo), a flight, Varr. 

volatus -us, m. (2. volo), a flying, flight, Cic. 

Volcae -firum, m. a people in Gallia Karbon- 
ensis. 

volemum pirum, gen. plur., volema pira, 
a kind of pears, large enough to lill the hollow 
of the hand (vola), Verg. 

volens -entis, p. adj. (from 1. volo). I. 
willing, voluntary, Sail., Verg. II. favourable, 
inclined to, Liv., Sail. ; dis volentibus, by the 
help of the gods, Sail. ; volentia alicui, favourable 
tidings or events, Sail. 

volgiolus -i, m. a garderi tool for smoothing 
beds, Flin. 

volgo, volgus = vulgo, vulgus (q.v.). 

volito, 1. (intens. of volo). I. to fly about, 
to fly to and fro, to flit, to flutter. A. Lit., a, of 
birds, Cic, Liv.; b, of things, hie aliae (stellae) 
volitant, Cic. B. Fig., to fly round ; a, of the 
soul, Cic ; b, of men with immoderate wishes, 
to soar ; homo volitans gloriae cupiditate, Cic. 
II, Transf., to fly round about, hasten about; 1, 
lit., cum gladiis toto foro, Cic. ; 2, tig., to show 
oneself or itself; quum ilia eonjuratio palam 
volitaret, Cic. 

volnero = vulnero (q.v.). 

1. volo, volui, voile (root VOL, Gr. BOA, 
whence povAo/iai), >o be willing, to wish. I. 
Gen., 1, a, with ace. and infin., volui id quidein 
emcere, Cic. ; volo scire, velini scire, / should 
like to knov:, Cic; b, with ace and infin., ju- 
dicem me esse, non doctorem volo, Cic; c, 
with nom. and infin., Ov. ; d, with neut. ace, 
faciam, quod vnltis, Cic; mini quid vellet, Liv., 
6, with ut and the subj., volo, uti respondeas, 
Cic. ; f, with the subj. alone, visuc hoc primura 
videainus ? Cic ; g, absol., velitnolit scire diffi- 
cile est, whither he wishes or does not, Cic; si vis, 
anil contracted sis, sultis, parenthet., refer anim- 
uni, sis, ad verit item, Cic; 2, velle aliquem, to 
wish tn sj'eak v.ith ; centuriones tiium cohoitium 
me velle postridie, Cic; 3, bene (male) alicui, 
to wish well or ill to, Plant.; 4, aliquid alicnius 
causa, to wish something good, to some one ; valde 
eius causa volo, Cic; 5, quid sibi viilt (res), 
what is the meaning of; quid ergo illae sibi 
Btatuae equestres inauratae volunt, Cic. II. 1, 
Polit. t. t., to will, ch.oose, ordain ; luajores de 
singulis lnagistratiluis bis vos sententiam ferre 
voluerunt, Cic; 2, to think, be of opinion, mean; 
vultis omnia evenire fato, Cic. ; 3, foil, by quam 
(like Gr. £uuAn/nne rj, to prefer), malae rei se 
quamnnllius, tnrbarum ac seditionuin duces esse 
volunt, Liv. (contr., vin = visne, sis = si vis, 
sultis = si vultis). 



vol 



625 



vol 



2. volo, 1. to fly. I. Lit., Cic. ; partic. subst., 
volantes -ium, f. '(so. bestiac), Hying creatures, 
birds, Verg. IL Transf., to move rapidly, to fly ; 
currus, Verg. ; fulmina, Lucr. ; aetas, Cic. 

•'!. VOlo -finis, m. (1. volo), a volunteer ; plur., 
volones, the slaves who were bought at the public 
expense to serve as soldiers after the battle of 
Cannae, each of than being asked " vellctne mili- 
tary, " Liv. 

Volsci (Vulsci) -drum, m. a people in 
J.atiinn, on both banks of the Liris, in modem 
Cainpagna di Ruina and Terra di Lavoro. Hence, 
Volscus -a -uni, Volscian. 

volsella -ae, f. a pair of tweezers or pincers, 
Mart. 

Volsinii (Vulsimi) -drum, m. a town in 
Ktruria, now Bolsena. Hence, Volslnlensis 
-e, Volsinian; plur. subst., Volsinienses 
-Ium, m. the Volsinians. 

volsus -a -uni, v. vello. 

Voltinius-a-um, Voltinian; tribus,aiJo»w?i 
tribe. Hence, Voltinienses -Ium, m. citizens 
of the Vultiuian tribe. 

Voltumna -ae, f. the goddess of the twelve 
allied Etruscan states. 

VOltur — vultur (q.v.). 

Volturnus = Vulturnus (q.v.). 

VOltUS — vultus (q.v.). 

Volubilis -e (volvo), rolling, revolving, turn- 
ing round, twisting round. I. Lit., buxum, a 
top, Verg. ; caelum, Cic. II. Fig., a, of for- 
tune, changeable, inconstant; fortuna, Cic; b, 
of discourse, rapid, fluent ; Appii Claudii volu- 
bilis erat oratio, Cic. 

VOlubilitas -at is. f. (volubilis), revolving 
■motion, revolution. I. Lit., mundi, Cic. II. 
Fig., a, vicissitude, inconstancy; fortunae, Cic; 
b, flow of discourse, fluency; vcrborum, Cic; 
linguae, Cic. 

vdlubiliter, adv. (volubilis), fl-jently ; fun- 
ditur nunierose et volubiliter oratio, Cic. 

volucer, vtflucris, volucre (2. volo), flying, 
winged. I. A. Lit, 1, adj., angues, Cic. ; deus 
or puer, Cupid, Ov. ; bestiae volucres, birds, 
Cic; 2, subst, volucris -is, f. (sc. bestia), 
a bird, Cic. B. Transf., applied to an object 
in rapid motion, swift; lumen, Lucr.: fumi, 
Verg.; sagitta, Verg.; nnntius, Cic. II. Fig., 
1, gen., quick, fleet ; nihil est tarn volucre quam 
inaledictuin,Cic. ; 2, fleeting, transitory; fortuna, 
Cic (genit. plur., gen. volucrum). 

volucra -ae, f. and volucre -is, n. (volvo), 
a cider pillar found on vine-leaves, Plin. 

volucris -is, f., v. volucer. 

vdlumen -Inis, n. (volvo), anything rolled 
up. I. 1, a book, roll, writing; volumen plenum 
querelae, Cic. ; plur., volumina selectarum epis- 
tolarum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a part of a larger work, 
(i_ book, Nep. ; mutatae ter quinque volumina 
fiirmae, the fifteen books of the Metamorphoses, 
Ov. II. a roll, wreath, whirl, fold; anguis 
sinuat immensa volumine terga, Verg. 

voluntarius -a -urn (voluntas), voluntary. 
A. Subject, a person who does something of his 
own accord; procurator, Cic. ; auxilia sociorum, 
Cic.; inilites, volunteers, Caes. ; plur. subst., 
voluntarii -orum, m. volunteers, Caes. B. 
Object., that which happens of one's own free 
will ; mors, suicide, Cic. ; deditio, Liv. 

voluntas -atis, f. (1. volo), will, wish, in- 
clination. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, me conformo ad 
eius voluntatem, Cic. ; 2, free will; ego volunt- 
atein tibi profecto emetiar, Cic; voluntate, of 
one's own free will ; mea voluntate concedam, 



willingly, Cic; 3, good disposition ; confisus 
municipiorum voluntatibus, Caes. ; 4, desire, 
wish; anibitiosis voluntatibus cedere, Cic; 5, 
aim, purpose : banc nieutem voluntatetnque sus- 
cepi, Cic. B. 1, inclination, wishing well to; 
iiiutua, Cic; 2, a lust will, testament ; testamenta 
et voluntas uiuituorum, Cic II. Transf., mean- 
ing, sense, signification of words, Quint. 
volup, adv. (shortened from volupe, from 

1. volo), agreeably, delightfully, pleasantly, Plaut. 

voluptabilis -e (voluptas), giving pleasure, 
pleasant, Plaut. 

volup tarius -a -uni (voluptas), rehUing to 
pleasure, esp., to sensual pleasure. I. Act., a, 
causing pleasure ; possessiones, simply for pleas- 
ure, Cic; b, relating to pleasure ; disputatio, 
Cic. II. Pass., a, devoted or given to pleasure, 
sensual ; esp. of the Epicureans as opp. to the 
oioics, homo (of Epicurus), Cic. ; b, capable of 
pleasure ; gustatus est sensus ex omnibus max- 
iine voluptarius, Cic. 

voluptas -atis, f. (volup), pleasure, delight, 
in a good or bad sense. I. Lit., voluptate capi, 
Cic. ; alicui voluptati esse, Cic. ; voluptatibus 
frui, Cic ; in a bad sense, voluptates corporis, 
sensual pleasures, Cic; voluptate liquescere, Cic. 
II. Meton., 1, voluptates, public shows, Cic. ; 

2, of persons, as a term of endearment, care 
puer, mea sera et sola voluptas, Verg. ; (genit. 
plur., gen. voluptatum, but also voluptatium). 

voluptuosus -a -urn (voluptas), full of 
pleasure, delightful, Quint. 

volutabrum -i, n. (voluto), a place when 
pigs roll, slough, Verg. 

volutabundus -a -inn (voluto), rolling, 
wallowing ; in voluptatibus, Cic. 

vdlutatio -onis, f. (voluto). I. a rolling 
about, wallowing, Cic. II. Fig., 1, disquiet: 
animi, Sen.; 2, vicissitude, inconstancy; rerum 
humanarum, Sen. 

volvi tatus -us, m. (voluto), a wallowing, 
Plin. 

voluto, 1. (intens. of volvo), to roll round, 
tumble about. I. Lit, se in pulvere, Plin. ; ne 
fluxa habenS volutetur in jactu glans, Liv. ; 
partic, volutans, reflex., rolling oneself; volu- 
tans p»dihus,?, , :;-OH;w!{7 himself at the feet of, etc, 
Verg. II. fig., l f gen., middle, volutari, to 
roll, i.e., to be in; in omni genere flagitiorum, 
Cic. , 2, esp., a, to spread abroad, give forth; 
voceni per atria, Verg. ; vocem volutant littora, 
echo back, Verg.; b, to turn over in the mind, 
revolve, consider; conditiones cum amicis, Liv. ; 
nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinuin 
animo Cic ; c, to busy, occupy ; animuin ? aeno 
iis tacitis cogitationibus, Liv. ; in veleribue 
scriptis studiose et niultum volutatum esse, 
Cic. 

volva -ae, f. (volvo). I. a covering, husk, 
shell, Plin. II. the womb, esp., a souSs womb, a 
favourite delicacy among the Romans, Hor. 

volvo, volvi, volutum, 3. to roll, revolve, turn 
round, twist round. I. Lit, A. Gen., a, of 
living beings, molein, Verg. ; oculos hue illuc, 
Verg.; pass., volvi, as middle, to roll; curru, 
from a chariot, Verg. ; esp., to roll to the ground, 
of those fallen in battle, humi, arvis, Verg.; b, 
of things, such as rivers, saxa glareosa, Liv.; of 
the wind, ignem ad fastigia summa, Verg. ; 
reflex., se volvere, or simply volvere, or middle, 
volvi, to roll round, eddy, turn round; ii qui 
volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni, Cic. ; of 
tears, lacriinae volvuntur inanes, Verg. B. Esp., 

1, to unroll a roll, to read; libros Catonis, Cic. ; 

2, to roll along, roll away ; flnmen pecus et 
domos volvens un5, Hor. ; 3, meton., orbem, to 
form a circle (of men). Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen.. 



voni 



02(3 



vul 



a, of orators whose words flow without stop- 
ping, celcritor verba, Cic. ; b, of time, to make 
to roll round; pronos volvere menses (of the 
moon-goddess), llor. ; tot casus = to experience, 
Verg. ; middle, of time or of events, to roll 
round; ut idem in singulos aunos ovbis volver- 
etnr, Liv. ; partic. volvens, reitex., rolling 
round; volvens annus, Ov. ; volventibus ami is, 
in the course of years, Verg.; c, to fix or determine 
fate ; volvit vices (of Jupiter), Verg. ; sic volvere 
Parcas, Verg. B. Esp., 1, a, to toss about in 
the mind, to have, entertain; ingentes jam din 
iras emu in pectore volvere, Liv. ; b, to busy 
oneself with a thought, reflect on, consider, ponder 
over; bellum in animo, Liv.; 2, =revolvere, to 
, go over again ; veterum mouumenta virorum, 
Verg. 

vomer -eris, m. a ploughshare, Cic. 

vomica -ae, f. an ulcer, sore, boil. I. Lit., 
Cic. II. Fig., a plague, curse (of men), ap. 
Liv.^ 

vomls -eris, m. = vomer (q.v.). 

YomitlO -onis, f. (vomo). I. a vomiting, 
throwing up ; vomitione alvos curare, Cic. II. 
Meton., that which is thrown up, a vomit, Plin. 

vdmlto, 1. (intens. of vomo), to vomit, Sen. 

vomitor -oris, in. (vomo), one who vomits, 
Sen. 

vomitorius -a -um (vomitor), provoking 
vomiting, Plin. 

vomitus -us, m. (vomo). I. a vomiting, Plin. 
II. Meton., that which is vomited, a vomit, 
Plin. 

vomo -iii -ituin, I. (connected with eue'iu). 
I. Intransit., to vomit, Cic. II. Transit., to 
vomit forth, throw up, give forth; aniniam, Verg.; 
flammas, Verg. ; pass, impcrs., ab hora tertia 
bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur, Cic. 

voracitas -itis, f. (vorax), voracity, glut- 
tony, Plin. 

voraginosus -a -um (vomgo), full of chasms, 
pits, Auct. b. Hisp. 

vorago -Inis, f. (voro), a pit, chasm, abyss. 
I. Lit., in the earth, Liv. ; in water, an abys3, 
eddy, gulf, whirlpool; summersus equus vorag- 
iuilms, Cic. II. Transf., veiitriS. Ov. f" surges 
et vorago patrimonii, spendthrift, Cic. 

vorax -acis (voro), gluttonous, voracious; 
Charybdis, Cic. ; ignis voracior, Ov. 

voro, 1. (connected with /3po<o, whence 
SiBp'ocKu) and Pood), to eat greedily, swallow 
whole, devour, consume. I. Lit., Cic. II. Transf., 

A. Gen., to devour, suck in ; Charybdis vorat 
carinas, Ov. ; illam (puppim = navem) rapidus 
vorat aequore' vortex, Verg. B. Esp., 1, of pro- 
perty, to squander, dissipate, Plin. ; 2, to read 
eagerly, devour ; litteras, literature, Cic. 

vors ... v. vers . . . 
vort ... v. vert . . . 
vos, ye, v. tu. 

votlVUS -a -um (votum), of or relating to a 
vow, votive, vowed ; ludi, Cic. ; juvenca, Hor. 
votum -i, n. (voveo). I. a vow. A. Gen., 

1, lit., vota debere diis, Cic; vota nuncupare or 
suscipere or concipere, Cic. ; vota facere, Cic. ; 

2, meton., a, a prayer, Ov.; b, that which is 
voiced; spolia hostium, Vulcano votum, Liv. 

B. Esp., the vows made on the 3rd of January 
every year by the chief magistrates for the good 
health of Vm emperor, Tae. II. a wish, desire; 
vota facere, to wish, Cic. ; hoc erat in votis, this 
was what I wished, Hor. ; voti potens, having 
gained his wish, Ov. 

voveo, vovi, v6tum, 2. I. to vow, promise to 
u ij<"i; deciunaiu Herculi, Cic; acdem, Liv.; 



witli fut. infin., vovisse dicitur uvam se deo 

daturum, Cic. II. towish; elige.quid voveas.Ov. 

vox, vocis, f. (root VOC, perhaps connected 

with o\p), the voice of a person speaking, cull- 
ing, or singing. I. Lit., 1, vocis eontentio 
et remissio, Cic; vocem attenuare, to make one's 
voice like a woman's, Cic; of the cry of animals, 
bourn, Verg.; 2, = pronunciation ; rustica vox 
et agrestis quosdam delectat, Cic II. Meton., 

A. sound, tone, of the voice or of a musical 
instrument, vocum gravitate et cantibus pelli 
vehementius, Cic. ; septem discrimina vocum = 
the lyre with seven strings, Verg. B. a word, 
utterance, discourse; a, haecte voxunn perculit? 
Cic. ; carpi nostrorum militum vocibus, Caes. ; 
b, a command ; consuluin voci atque imperio 
non oboedire, Cic; c, a formula, decision, sen- 
tence; extremi ac ditricillimi temporis vocem 
illam consulem mittere coegistis, Cic. ; d, a 
formula, a magic incantation; voces Marsae, 
Hor. C. = sernio, language ; Graja scierit sive 
Latina voce loqui, Cic. D. accent, tone; iu 
omni verbo posuit acutam vocem, Cic. 

Vulcanus (Volcanus) -i, m. (root VULC, 
VOLC=FULC, lit. the shining one), Vulcan, 
the god of fire, son of Jupiter and Juno, husband 
of Venus, who made the weapons, thunder-bolts, 
etc., of the gods, Cic; insula Vulcani ('H</>atoTou 
l'rjaos), the island of Vulcan, the most southern of 
the Lipari islands, now Vulcanello ; plur., insulae 
Vulcani, the Lipari islands; appell., fire ; Vul- 
canum navibus etflant, Ov. Hence, A. Vul- 
canius -a -um, Vulcanian ; acies, fire., Verg.; 
Lemnos, sacred, to Vulcan, Ov. ; Vulcaniis annis, 
with irresistible weapons, Cic B. Vulcanalis 
-e, belonging to Vulcan; subst., Vuleanalia 
•drum, n. the annual festival of Vulcan, on the 
23rd of August. 

vulgaris -e (vulgus), common, ordinary, 
usual, vulgar; hominum consuetndo, Cic; opin- 
io, Cic. ; subst., vulgaria -lum, n. that which 
is.common ; anteponantur rani vulgaribus, Cic. 

vulgariter, adv. (vulgaris), commonly, vul- 
garly, Plin. 

vulgatus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. vulgo). I. 
common, prostituted, Liv. II. Esp., generally 
known, well known; vulgatior fama est, with 
ace and infin., Liv. 

vulgivagus -a -um (vulgus and vagor), 
wandering, vagrant, Lucr. 

1. vulgo (volgo), 1. (vulgus), to make com- 
mon to all, to communicate, make accessible to all. 
I. a, quum consulatum vulgari viderent, Liv.; 
munus vulgatnm ab civibus esse in socios, Liv.; 
quae navis in rlumine publico tarn vulgata om- 
nibus quam istius aetas, Cic; b, to communicate 
a disease ; vulgati contactu hi homines morbi, 
Liv. ; c, to publish a book; carmina, Tac. IL 
to spread abroad by discourse, to divulge, make 
generally known; famam interfecti regis, Liv. 

2. vulgo (volgo), adv. (lit. abl. of vulgus), 
commonly, generally, before the public, in public, 
openly ; vulgo totis castris testamenta obsigna- 
bantur, Caes. ; quas (litteras) vulgo ad te mitto, 
Cic. 

vulgus (volgUS) -i, n., rarely m., the 
people — the great multitude, the public. I. 
Gen., A. Lit., a, in the town; non est con- 
silium in vulgo, non ratio,- etc, Cic ; discip- 
liuam in valgum efferre, Cic. ; b, in the army, 
vulgus militum, armatorum, Liv. B. Transt., 
the people — a mass, crowd; vulgus incautnm 
ovium, Hor. II. In a bad sense, the croc..', >• ■ 
mob. A. Lit,, sapientis judicium a judic-io 
vulgi discrepat, Cic; odi profanum vulgus, Hor. 

B. Transf., the mass, the ordino.ry run; patron, 
onun, Cic. 



vul 



627 



Zam 



vulnerarius (volnerarius) -a -um (vul- 
lius), of or relating to wounds, Plin. ; subst, 
vulnerarius -ii, m. a surgeon, Pliu. 

vulneratio -onis, f. (vuluero), wounding, 
Cic. ; fig., major haeo est vitae, fainae, salutis 
suae vulneratio, Cic. 

vulnero (volnero), 1. (vulnus), to wound, 
injure. I. Lit., aliquein, Cic. ; corpus, Cic. 
II. Fig., to wound, injure, harm, assail; eos 
nondum voce vulnero, Cic. 

vulnificus (volnificus) -a -um (vulnus 
and facio), inflicting wounds; telum, Ov. ; 
chalybs, Verg. 

vulnus (volnus) -fens, n. a wound. I. A. 
Lit., a, of living beings, vulnus iuferre, Caes. ; 
infligere, Cic. ; vulnus accipere, excipere, Cic. ; 
moil ex vulnere, Liv. ; b, poet., ti"ansf., of in- 
juries to things, falcis, Ov. ; ornus vulneribus 
cvicta, Verg. B. Fig., wound = injury, disease, 
damage, loss ; vulnera reipublicaeiinponere, Cic; 
poet., wounds to the feelings, esp., from love; 
vulnus alit venis, Verg. II. Meton., 1, a blow ; 
mortifero vulnere ictus, Liv. ; 2, the instrument 
or weapon which causes the blow; liaesit sub 
gutture vulnus, Verg. 

vulpecula -ae, f. (dim. of vulpes), a little 
fox, Cic. 

vulpes (volpes) -is, f. (iAiomjf), « fox. I. 
Lit., Hor. ; pro v., vulpes jungere, of something 
impossible, Verg. ; the fox as an emblem of 
cunning, slyness ; animi sub vulpe latentes, 
Hor. II. Transf., vulpes marina, a kind of 
shark, Plin. 

vulpinus -a -um (vulpes), of or relating to a 
fox, vulpine, Plin. 

Vulsci = Volsci (q.v.). 

vulsura -ae, f. (vello), a plucking, pulling, 
Vurr. 

vulsus -a -um, p. adj. (from vello), having 
the hairs plucked out, smooth, effeminate, Plaut., 
Mart. 

vulticulus -i, ID. (dim. of vultus), the coun- 
tenance, look, aspect; nou te Bruti nostri vul- 
ticulus ab ista oratione deterret? Cic. 

vultuosus -a -um (vultus), making faces, 
grimacing, full of airs, affected, Cic. 

1. VUltur (voltur) -uris, in. a vulture, Liv., 
Verg. ; applied to a rapacious man, Sen. 

2. Vultur (Voltur) -uris, in. a mountain 
in Apulia, now Voltore. 

vulturinus (volturmus) -a -um (vultur), 
of or relating to a vulture, Plin. 

vultiirius (voltiirius) -i, in. a vulture. X. 
.Lit., Liv. II. Transf., A. a rapacious man, 
Cic. B. an unlucky throw at dice, Plaut. 

Vulturnum (Volturnum) -i, n. a town 
in Campania on the river Volturnus, now Casttl 
Voltur no, Liv. 

1. Vulturnus (Volturnus) -i, m. a river 
in Campania, now Volturno. 

2. vulturnus (volturnus) -i, m. (2. Vul- 
tur), with or without veutus, a wind named 
after the mountain Vultur, a south-east wind, 
Liv. 

vultus (voltus) -as, m. the countenance, 
expression, of the face, the look, mien, aspect. I. 
Lit., a, Gen., hilaris atque laetus, Cic; plur., 
vultus ficti simulatique, Cic; vultus avortite 
vestros, Cic ; b, ernphat., a scornful, angry 
look ; vultus instantis tyranni, Hnr. II, Transf., 
the face; 1, lit., a, cadere in vultus, Ov. ; b, a 
portrait, Plin.; 2, meton., look, appearance; 
salis (of the sea), Verg. ; naturae, Ov, 



X. 

"Y" x, the twenty-first letter of the Latin 
_^\j alphabet, corresponds with the Greek 
H, f. It arises out of the combination of o 
and s (dico, dixi), g and s (lego, lexi). 

Xanthippe -es, f. {ZavSiirTrn), the shrewish 
wife of Socrates. 

Xanthippus -i, in. (Hdi/fliiriros). I. father 
of Pericles, conqueror over the Persians at Mycale. 
II. a general of the Lacedaemonians in. the First 
Punic War, who took Regulus prisoner. 

Xanthus (-6s) -i, m. (Hdrflo?). I. = Sca- 
mander. II. a river in Lycia. III. a river in 
Epirus. 

xenium -ii, n. (feV«x>), a present given to a 
guest, Plin. ; in general, a gift, present, Plin. 

Xeno -onis, m. (Eivwv), an Epicurean philo- 
sopher of Athens. 

Xenoorates -is, m. (Hei>oKpdTTjs), a philo- 
sopher of Chalcedon, pupil of Plato, the head of 
the Academy after the death of Speusippus. 

Xenophanes -is, m. (=.tvo<t>dvr)s), a cele- 
brated Greek philosopher of Colophon, founder of 
the Eleatic school. 

Xenophon-ontis, m. (S.(vo<i>o>v),an Athenian, 
pupil of Socrates, a distinguished historian, and 
general. Hence, Xenophonteus (-tius) 
-a -uin, of or belonging to Xenophon. 

xerampelinae -arum, f. (^pofiire'Xn'ai), 
dark-red garments, Juv. 

Xerxes -is, in. (He>|>)9), the king of the 
Persians who invaded Greece and was defeated at 
Salamis. 

xiphias -ae, m. (fupias). I. a sword-fish, 
Plin. II. a sword-shaped comet, Plin. 

xiphion -li, n. (fKpi'ov), a sword-flag, Plin. 

xylobalsamum -i, n. (fuA.o/JdAaa^oi'), 
wood of the balsam-tree, Plin. 

xyTocinnamomum -i, n. (frkoxivvanw- 
nov), the wood of the cinnamon plant, Plin. 

xylon -i, u (fuAoe), the cotton-tree, Plin. 

Xyniae -arum, f. (Evu'a), a town in Thessaly, 
on the lake Xynias. 

xyris -Idis, f. (fvpi's). the wild iris, Plin. 

xystus -i, in. (£u<tt6s), and xystum -i, >\ ait 
open colonnade, a walk planted with trees, a pro- 
menade, Cic 



Y 



y, a letter borrowed from the Greek in 
, order to represent the Greek upsilon (Y). 



x 



z. 

Zz, represents the Greek zeta (Z, <£), and ia 
, only used in foreign words. 

Zacynthus (-6s) -i, f. (Zd*ui/0os), an island 
in the Ionian Sea, now Zante. 

Zaleucns (ZdAewcos), a celebrated lawgiver of 
the Locrians in Italy, living about 650 b.c. 

Zama -ae, f. (Zd/xa), a town in Numidia, 
scent of the victory ofSvipio over lianniiui. 



zam 



628 



zyt 



zamla -ac, f. (£wu'a), damage, injury, loss, 
Plaut. 

Zanole -§8, f. (ZayxAi)), old name of the town 
Messana (now Messina) in Italy, so called from 
its sickle-like form. Hence, adj., A. Zan- 
claeus -a -uin, of or relating to Zanele. B. 
Zancleius -a •am, of Zanele. 

zSa -ae, f. «e'a), a kind of spelt, Plin. 

zeldtypia -ae, f. (<frAoTviria), jealousy, Cic. 

zelotypus -a -11111 (ojAotuttos), jealous, Juv. 

Zeno (-on) -Onis, 111. (Zqcwv). I. o Greek 

philosopher of Citinm in Cyprus, founder of the 
Stoic School. II. a Greek philosopher of the 
Elentic School, teacher of Pericles. III. a later 
Greek philosopher of the Epicurean School, teacher 
of Cicero and Atticu*. 

Zenobia -ae, f. I. daughter of Mithridates, 
king of Armenia. II. wife of Odcnnthus, king of 
Palmyra, which she ruled after her husband's death ; 
conquered by the Emperor Aurelian. 

Zeptayrlum -li, 11. (Ze^iipioi'), fort on the 
coast ofCilicia. 

zephyrus -i, m. (£«'<pi'po*), a warm west 
wind, zephyr, Hor. ; pott.— wind, \ erg. 

Zerynthus -i, f. (Zijpwflos), a town in 
Thracia, near Aenos. Hence, Zerynthius -a 
-urn, y.erynthian. 

Zetes -ae, 111. (Zijttj?), the brother of Calais, 
son nf Boreas, one of the Argonauts. 

Zethus -i, 111. (Z>j0os). son of Jupiter, brother 
of Amphion. 

zeugltes -ae, 111. (£evyiTTjO, a kind of reed, 
Plin. 

zeus -i, 111. (£<uos), a, fish, the dory, Plin. 

Zeuxis -Wis, 111. (ZeOfts), a celebrated Greek 
vaiuter. 



zingiber -eris, n. ({iyyCp*pis), and zlngl- 
beri, 11. indecl. ginger, Plin. 
Ziziphum -i, 11. (£i£v<bov), the jujube, Plin. 
Ziziphus -i, f. the jujube-tree., Plin. 
zm ... v. sin . . . 

zodiaous -i, ni. (c,«5iaKos), the zodiac, Cic. 
poet. 

Zoilus -i, 111. (ZwiAos), a severe critic of 
Homer ; appell., a petty critic, Ov. 

zona -ae, f. (<,wn)>, a girdle. I. Lit, a, a 
maiden's girdle, Cat. ; b, a girdle or money-belt, 
Liv. II, Transf., 1, the three stars called Orion's 
Belt, Ov. ; 2, zonae, terrestrial zones, Verg., 
Ov. 

zonarius -a -um (zuna), of or relating to a 
girdle, Plaut. ; subst., zdnariUS -ii, m. a 
girdle-maker, Cic. 

zonula -ae, f. (dim. of zona) re little girdle, 
Cat. 

zoophthalmos -i, f. and zoophthalmon 

-i, 11. (fw6^0a>/j.os), the great houseleek, Plin. 

ZOpiSSa -ae, f. (^uima-cra), pitch mixed with 
wax, which was scraped off ships, Plin. 

1. ZOSter -eris, 111. (^uiarrip), a cutaneous erup- 
tion, the. shingles, Plin. 

2. Zoster -eris, ill. (Zcocmjp), a, promontory 
in Attica. 

zotheca -ae, f. (£ioS>jic>)), re primte ccbinet, 
Plin. 

zothecula -ae, f. (dim. of zotheca), a small 
private cabinet, Plin. 

zygia -ae, f. (£uyi'a), a tree, Vie horn-bean, 
Plin. 

zythum -i. n. (^uflot), re kind of Egyptian 

ina.ll liquor, Plin. 






ENGLISH-LATIN. 



English-Latin Dictionary. 



a 



an, adj. not translated ; — day, — month, 
, singiilis diebus, mensibus; to — man, ad 



abaft, aft, adv. a puppi, a tergo. 

abandon, v.tr. ahpn (de)relinqulre, destitu- 
ire, desererc, [de)alqa re desistere ; — hope, spem 
omiltcre. abandoned, adj. =wicked, nejarius; 
see Wicked, abandonment, n. relictw, or 
infin. of abandon used substantively (e.g. de- 
serere amicum, the — of a friend). 

abase, v.tr. 1, = lessen, alqd (de)minuere, 
(im)minuere; 2, = humble, frangire (e.g. ani- 
miiB, audaciam), comprimcre, coercerc, akjs auc- 
torUatem vmmiuuere. abasement, n. 1, 
deminutio; 2, legal, = loss of civil and social 
rights, capitis ov liberlatis deminutio. 

abash, v.tr. alqm percellere, pcrturbare, con- 
turbare, animum alcjs affiigere, debilitare, fran- 
sere. 

abate, I. v.tr. (de)minuere, imminuere; — 
a charge, alqd de summd delraUre, sumptum 
or impensam circumcidere. II. v.intr. 1, (de)- 
minui, imminui, decrescire ; 2, fig. of passion, 
defervescere (e.g. ira,. etc.). abatement, n. 
dem.inv.tio; in taxation, vectigalium demimdio. 

abbat, abbot, n. * abbas, -dtis, nearest 
equivalent in Class. Lat. pontifex. abbess, n. 
* abbatissa, in Class. Lat. antistes or anlistila. 
abbey, n. * ahbatia (— cloister), * ecclesia 
(= church), Class, templum. 

abbreviate, v.tr. 1, = shorten, (de)cur- 
tare, praecidere, circumcidlre ; 2, = compress 
(e.g. orationem), contrahcre, verba ad compen- 
dium, or compendii facere. abbreviation, n. 
1, = shortening, compendium, cont radio (e.g. 
orationis, opp. to longitudo) ; mark of—, sigla, 
-orinn (Jet.) ; 2, see Epitome. 

abdicate, v.tr. magistrate, didatnrd, etc.se 
abdiaire, magistratum, etc., ejurare. abdica- 
tion, n., legal, abdicatio, ejuratio. 

abdomen, n. abdomen. 

abduction, n. 1, = theft, furtwn; 2, = 
forcible carrying away, raptus, -iis, raptio; to 
commit — , rapere. 

abed, adv. in lecto ; to lie — , (in lecto) cubare. 

aberration, n. 1, = a wandering from the 
right path, lit. or fig, error; 2, = mental — , 
mentis error ; 3, =a fault, erratum. 

abet, v.tr. 1, = incite, ad alqd instigare, im- 
pellere; 2, = aid, ab or cum alqo, or alqd re, 
or e parte alcjs stare, auxilio alci esse; — in a 
crime or fault, sceleris or culpae participcm or 
sociwn esse, abettor, n. socius, adjutor; = 
— in anything, alcjs rei, or with abl. contcius 
(adj.). 



abo 

abeyance, n. 1, in gen. to be in — , in 
dubio, incertum, integrum esse, intermitti ; to 
leave in — , rem integram relinquire; 2, legal, 
vacare; the property is in — (i.e. without a 
proprietor), fundus vacat ; conferred the priestly 
offices as in — on others, sacerdotia ut vacua in 
alios conlulit. 

abhor, v.tr. abominari, ddestari (lit. = call 
a god to witness a curse), odisse, alqm odio 
habere, abhorrence, n. detestotio, odium. 
abhorrent, adj. 1, = inconsistent with, ab 
alqud re abhorrens, alci rei, or (ab) alqd re (die- 
nus, alci rei contrarias ; 2, see Hateful. 

abide, v.intr. 1, = linger in, (com)morari, in 
alqo loco esse, or versari; 2,= last, durare y 
abiding, adj. diuturnus, slabilis. 

abject, adj. = contemptible, abjedus, con- 
temptus, humilis. 

abjure, v.tr. 1, legal, abjurare, ejurare; 
2. tig. = disown, ejurare, recusare. 

ability, n. 1, = physical strength, vires, 
-ium; 2, = mental power, facultas, Imen- 
iiim, vires ; according to one's — , pro facullaie, 
pro viribus; a man of — , vir summi ingenii. 
able, adj. 1, = having power, alcjs rei pole ns , 

2, = lit for, habilis, aptus, ad alqd idoneus ; 

3, = mentally strong, sagax, sol(l)ers ; 4, to bo 
— , posse, valae {= to have strength for) ; to bo 
— in anything, alqd re polUre ; as well as I am 
— , pro viribus (meis), pro virili parte, able- 
bodied, adj. /irmws, robustus, validus. 

ablative, n. (casus) ablativus (Gram.). 

ablution, n. dblutio ; to mako an — , (aqua) 
abluire. 

abnegation, n. ■ animi moderatio, temper* 
antia ; self—, temperantia. 

abnormal, adj. 1, lit. = not according to rule, 
«iior»us(c.g. vicus (Tac.) = irregularly built; toga 
(Quint.) = irregularly cut), abnormis (= rare) ; 
2, = out of the common, novus, inusitatus, 
mirus, mirificus, incredibilis, singidaris ; 3, 
= very great, maximus; 4, =rare, infrequens. 
Adv. praeter morem. 

aboard, adv. to go — , (in navem, or 7iai<em) 
conscendire ; to be — , in nave esse ; to put — , in 
navem imponere; to have — , vehere. 

abode, n. 1, = sojourn, habitatio; if in a 
foreign country, peregrinatio ; 2, see House. 

abolish, v.tr. 1, in gen. abolere (not in Cic), 
tollere, subvertere, Mere, ex(s)tingucre ; 2, legal, 
abrogare; to — part of a law by a new one, 
obrogare. abolition, n. 1, in gen. = destruc- 
tion, dissolutio; 2, legal, abrogatio; —of debts, 
tabidae novae. 

abominable, adj. foedus, tder, dclestabiUs, 
immanis, nefarius (= wicked) abominate, 
v.tr. see Abhor. 



abo 



(i'S-2 



ace 



aboriginal, adj. prisms; prisci Latini = 
tiie L.itins who lived before the foundation of 
Rome, aborigines, n. indigcnac. 

abortion, u. 1, = miscarriage, abortio, 

abortus, -us ; to cause an — , alci abortum Jacere, 
or inferre ; 2, = a monstrous birth, abortus, 
portentum ; a drug to procure — , abortivum 
(Juv.). abortive, adj. 1, lit. = belonging to 

premature birth, abortivus; 2, fig. = unsuccess- 
ful, irritus. Adv. inatssum, ud irrilum. 

abound, v.intr. alqd reabundare, affiuere,alci 
superesse, or suppeditare (e.g. he —8 in words, 
o ratio ei supjieditat). abundance, n. rrrum, 
i.e. divitiaritvi, etc., abuudantia, suppeditatio, 
affluentia, tibertas, copii. abundant, adj. of- 
fiuens (ah) alqd re = rich, copiosus, dives, lo- 
cuples. Adv. abunde, satis superque, abundanter, 
annulate. 

about, I. adv. 1, of place, circa, circum, or 
abl. with or without in ; 2, of time or number, 
fere, ferine, circiter ; with fut. part. (e.g. lie is 
about to go, iturus est). II. prep, with ace, 1, 
cf place, both motion to and rest in, circa, cir- 
cum; the people — one, gut circum alqm sunt; 
2, of time, circa ; 3, of respect, de. ; with abl. 
(e.g. he spoke — these things, de his rebus 
dixit); what are you — ? quidagis? 

above, I. adv. 1, of place, super, supra ; the 
— mentioned, quoil supra scripUtm est; 2, of 
degree, super, supra; over and — , satis superque. 
II. prep. 1, of place, super, ncc. or abl. supra, 
ante, ace. ; to sit — anyone at table, supra ubpn 
accumbere; 2, of degree, super, supra ; — mea- 
sure, supra modum ; = nvue than, plus or ampliiis 
(e. .;. he had — i'00 soldiers, jilus duccntns milites 
habuit). 

abreast, adv. parlter; two horses — , equt 
H]uges. 

abridge, see Abbreviate. 

abroad, adv. furas, with verbs of motion ; 
forts, with those of rest ; to sup — , foris 
vena re; to spread — , v.tr. —publish, divul- 
gate; = scatter, diffundere; v.intr. = to bo 
spread, perercbescire ; nations — , gentcs externum 
or txterae ; to travel ■ — , peregrinari. 

abrogate, see Abolish. 

abrupt, adj. 1, lit. = steep, dbruptus,archius, 

praeruptus ; 2, fig., of speech, rudis, incom- 
positus ; 3, = sudden, subitus, repent in us, im- 
provisus. Adv. 1, abrupte, praeritpte : 2, incom.- 
posite ; 3, subito, de improviso, repente. 

abscess, n. ulcus, -eris, n. suppu ratio (Cel.s.), 
fistula, apostema, -atis, u, (Plin.), abscessus, -us 
(Cels.), «<?iepr, carcinoma, -atis, n. 

absoond, v.intr. 1,= to lie hidden, deliteseere, 

latere, occultari ; 2, = to run away, Si inoccultum 
abdere, se occultare or celare. 

absence, n. absentia; — abroad, peregrin- 
atio ; in my — , me absente ; — of mind, alcjs 
rei oblivio. absent, I. adj. abssns; to be — 

from, ab alqo abesse ; to be — in mind, animo 
eccvrrcreet ragari ; — minded, inscius, or oblitus 
alcjs rei. II. v.tr. — oneself, se removere. 

absolute, I. adj. 1, = complete, perfectus, 
absolutus, expletvs ; 2,.— unconditioned, abso- 
lulus, simplex; 3, = unlimited, infinitus; — 
power, summiun imperium; — ruler, imperator, 
qui summum imperium obtinet. II. n. philo- 
soplt. t.t., opp. to relative, alqd perfectum it 
absotutum, quod semper simplex et idem est. ab- 
solutely, adv. 1, = entirely, plane, prorsus, 
ovmino ; 2, opp. to relatively, per se, simplicitcr. 

absolution, n., in gen. tenia ; to giant 
— , alcjs rei veniam dare, absolve, v.tr. 1, 
in gen. alqm <dq& re solvere (e.g. soldiers from 



military service); see Excuse ; 2, legal t.t. alqm 
ttlcjs rei or (de) aloud re (ab)solrcre, alqmulqa ro 
liberare; 3, sec Pardon. 

absorb, v.tr. 1, lit. sugere, bibere, absorbere, 

exhaurirc ; 2, fig. to be absorbed in anything, 
alqd re occupatissimum esse. 

abstain, v.intr. (sc) (ab) alqd re abstinere or 
continere, (ab or in) alqd re, alci rei, or with infill. 
(e.g. alqd Jacere), temperare, sibi temjxmre. quo- 
minus (not In Cic); to — from appearing in 
public, publico carere. abstinence, n. absti- 
nentia, continents, modestia, modemtio, temper- 
antia; days of — , fast days, jejunium. ab- 
stinent, adj. abstinent, continens, sobrivs, 
moderatus, temperatus ; — in drink, sobrius. 

abstract, I. adj. 1, = removed from the 
sphere of the senses, quod nullo sensu percipi 
potest ; an ■ — idea, notio nnlli sensui subjecta, 
notio mente sold concepta ; an — discussion, dis~ 
putatio paulll)o abstrvsior ; 2,= deep or acute in 
thought, subtilis (et acutus) ; an — thinker, sub- 
tills pliilosophus ; see Abstiiu.se. II. v.tr. 1, 
to think — ly, animum a corpore ubstrahere, 
mentem ab ocnlis seivcare ; — the mind from 
pleasure, animum a volvptate sevocare ; 2, = to 
make an [abridgment, cpitomen facere ; 3, see 
Steal. III. n. epitome , -es, f., or epitoma. ab- 
stractly, adv. to think — , see Abstract, II. 
l. ; subtiliter, acute, abstracted, adj. 1, see 
Abstruse ; 2, = lost in thought, omnium rerum 
or sui oblitus. abstraction, n. l, = forget- 
fuluess, oblivio; 2, = a mere name or idea, ap- 
pellatio (Suet.). 

abstruse, adj. obseurus, abditns, reconditus. 
abstruseness, n. obscuritas, res occulta, or 
involuta. Adv. obscure, abdite, recondite. 

absurd, adj. 1, = silly, absurdus, ineptus, 
inscitus; 2, = ridiculous, ridimlus. Adv. 1, 
absurde, inepte, inscite; 2, ridicule absurd- 
ity, n. 1, as a quality, insulsitas ; 2, = a joke, 
rittieulum; 3, = an act, res inepta, ineptiae, 
nugae. 

abundance, abundantly), see Abound. 

abuse,!. n.l,= the wrong use of a thing, i'wi- 
moderatio.(= excess), itsus, -us perversus(= mis- 
application); 2, rhetor, t.t. a6ws(o(r=misuscof a 
word); 3,=had language, convicfum, mated t'cliiui ; 

4,= an evil custom, res muli or pessimi exempli, 
malum, pestis, mos prams, qnod contra, jus fasque 
est. II. v.t. 1,= misuse, alqd re ■perverse uti, abuti 
(in bad sense only from context, lit. = to use 
up); 2, rhetor, t.t. (e.g. a term) abuti; 3, = to 
rail at, alci malcdiccre. abuser, 11. 1, = one 
who misuses anything, liomo immoderatus qui 
alqd re abulitur ; 2, — a railer, conviciator, limno 
maledicus or maledicens. abusive, adj. male- 
(liens or maledicens contumeliosns. Adv. maledicc, 
contumeliose. 

abut, v.tr. afci loco adjacere, fnitimum, 
vicinum, confinem, contincntem, conjunctum esse, 
locum tangere, attingere, alci loco immincre (= to 
hang over). 

abyss, n. 1, lit. = a great depth, profundum, 

altitudo(= depth merely) ; gurges, -itis. m. (= a 
whirlpool) ; locus praeceps (— precipice); fig. txi- 
tium; see Destruction. He plumjed in an — 
of pleasure, sc voluptatibus (prorsus) dedit; be 
plunged in an — of ruin, semct ipse, praecipi- 
tavit. 

academy, n. 1, — the Platonic school, 
Academia; 2, = a learned body, collegium. 
academical, adj. 1, = belonging to a urn 
versily, ucademieus ; 2, = an — (i.e. theoretical) 
question, res ad cognitionem modo pertinens. 

r»ccede, v.intr. 1, =to be added to, accedere 

; ad alqd or dat. ; 2, see Aoree. 



ace 



633 



ace 



accelerate, v.tr. accclerare; see Hasten. 

accent, n. 1, in prouuuciaUmi, vox, aaxntut, 

•lis, (rocis) so/ins, -«s, tenor; sharp — , ioa acuta; 
acute, grave, circumflex — , accentus or «wms 
acntus, gravis, circttmjlexus or injlextts : 2, in 
writing, apes, -icts, iu. (= the long or short mark 
ever a vowel); a syllable with short, long, or 
circumflex — ,syllaba brevis, longa, circum/lexa. 

accept, v.tr. 1, = to take, accipire; 2, = to 
undertake, suseipere (of one's own accord); re- 
cipcre (what is offered) ; not to — an office, 
viunus deprecari. acceptable, adj. jucundus, 
accipiendvs, grains. Adv. jucuiule, grate, ac- 
ceptance, n. 1, acceplio (e.g. frttmenti), as- 
amiiplio (e.g. argument!); better by intiu., e.g. 
lie intimated Ids — , dixit sc accipere; 2,= 
approbation, comprobatio. acceptation, = 
significance, signijicatio. 

access, n. 1,= approach, adittis, -lis, accessio, 
accessus, -us; ditlicult of — , ruri est accessus; 2, 
= addition, acctssio, cumulus; 3, med. t.t. (e.g. 
of a fever), accessio (Cels.) ; 4, =au entrance, adi- 
tus, -us, accessus, -us. accessary, I. adj.l, see 
Additional ; 2, = privy to, consents alcjs rei, 
dat., in ovde with abl., or rel. clause (e.g. conscius 
quae gerereittur, — to what was being done). 
II. II. = accomplice, cotiscius, units ex consciis, 
sceleri affinis, (culpae) socius. accessible, adj. 
patens, fitcilis aditu or cuxessu; not — to any 
advice, consilii non pattens ; he is little — , dijfi- 
cil is est aditu. accession, n. 1, = increase, 
accessio; 2, = — to the throne, initium reg- 
naiuli. 

accidence, U. — the rudiments, clementa, 
•Oram, rudimenta, -oru/n. 

accident, 1, = a chance event, casus, -its, 
eventtts, -its, eventum ; 2, = a misfortune, casus, 
calamitas. accidental, adj./or/ni£i(s(e.g. con- 
cursus atomorum), forte obtains. Adv. forte, casu ; 
to mention — , in mentionem alcjs rei incidcrc. 

acclaim, acclamation, n. acclamaiio 

(= shout of applause, in Cic. always of disap- 
proval) ; with general — , omnibus probantibus. 
acclaim, v.tr. odd acclametre. 

accommodate, v.tr. accommodare alt[d aid 
or with ad. accommodating, adj. obseqiuns, 
ftcilis ; to be — to, alci morem gerere, moriger- 
aii. accommodation, n. 1, = adjustment of 
differences, reconciliatio ; see Aorkement; 2, 
= entertainment or place of entertainment, has- 
pitium. 

accompany, v.tr. l,= to go with, comitemse 
alci adjuugere, dare, praebcre, alqm comituri, pro- 
sequi, deducere (as a mark of respect) ; stipare (of 
a crowd); accompanied by, cum. (e.g. tevipestas 
cum yrandine); 2, iu music, — to sing or play 
together, alci concinere ; — on an instrument, 
vocem. fidibtts jungere, cuntttm inodis musicis exci- 
pcre. accompaniment, n. 1, comitatus, -its, 
stiiMtio ; 2, in music, adjunclio fidium voci, or 
vocisjidibus. 

accomplice, n. criminis conscius, socius, 
sceleri affinis. 

accomplisb, v.tr. amficere, pcrficere, ab- 
■■•olvere, consummate, perpolire; to be — ed (of 
dreams, Sec), exitum habere, accomplished, 
.ulj. (per)polUics, eiegans, dochus, humanus. ac- 
complishment, 4i. 1, = fulfilment, confectio, 
perfeclio, absoltttio ; = the end, finis, exitus, -us ; 
2, = — of the mind, ars, or by some term denot- 
ing the subject of the — (e.g. mttsica, music as 
an — ). 

accord, I. n. 1, = agreement of sounds (son- 
urttiii) oonceiltus, .{Is, nervorum or vocum Concor- 
dia, harrnqnia: 2, sec Agreement) of one's 



own — , sponte, ultra. II. v.intr. 1, lit. = to 
sound with, concinere; 2, = agree with, ck»i 
alqo congruere. accordance, see Accord, I. 
In — with, ex; in — with the agreement, ex 
pacto, ex conventu ; — with my wishes, ut volui; 

— with his opinion, ex ejus opinione. ac- 
cordant, adj. congruent, consentient, constant; 

— together, ununivtus. according to, see 
ACCORDANCE; ad, secundum, cut alqd; — you, 
ex tud sentenliii ; — circumstances, ex or pro 
re. accordingly, adv. itaque, quae cum 
ita sint. 

accost, I. n. appellatio, salutalio. II v.tr. 
alloqiti (rare in good Latin), appellare, salutare. 

accouchement, n. partus, -its; a premature 
— , abortio ; to be iu — , parere, partum edere. 

account, I. v.tr. 1, = to think, lutbere, aesti- 
mare; to — highly, magni facere; — lowly, 
niltili facere ; — nothing of, noil Jlocci facere;- 
2, = to — for, see Explain ; 3,=to — loauyoiic, 
rationem alci de, alqd re reddere. II. n. 1, lit.- 
= a reckoning, ratio ; to take — , rationem hablrc ; 
to give — , rationem alci tie alqd, re reddere ; 2, 
fig. = to be of — , magni or muximi haberi, — with 
anyone, multum apud alqm (auctoritate) valere; 
to be of no — , nttlki esse auctoritate ; 3, = — at a 
bank, pecunia in argentarid (col)locata ; to open 
an — , pecuniam in argentariam collocare ; to 
draw upon an — , alqd de pecunid sua detra- 
herc; to pay upon — , partem debili or ex debilo 
solvere; —book, tabula: 4, = pretext, reason ; 
on my — , Hied tie causd, meo nomine; not ou 
any — , nullo modo ; on — of anything, propter 
alqd; 5, — narrative, narralio; give an — of, 
alqd nurture, accountable, see Respox- 
siuli:. accountant, n. scribtt, in., dellned by 
context (e.g. qui tabulae conjicil). 

accoutre, v.tr. see Equip. 

accredit, v.tr. l,=.add credit to, see Con- 
firm: 2, = to — an ambassador, alqm legalum 
(ad regem, &c.) facere ; 3, see Believe, accred- 
ited, adj. 1, = admitted, probatus ; 2, = — en- 
voy, legatus publice missus. 

accretion, n. accessio, incrementum, cumulus. 

accumulate, v.tr. (eo)ocerr«re, (ffc)ct<mu- 
larc, exaggerate, accumulation, n. cnmiilus, 
incrementum, 

accurate, adj. accuratus, exaclns, limahis, 
einendatus. Adv. accurate, exacle, pure, emendate. 
accuracy, n. accuratio (a rare word), dili- 
gentia ; with the greatest — , accuralissime. 

accurse, v.tr. see Curse. 

accuse, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. alqm alcjs rei or 
de alqd re accusare, postulare, compcllare, cilare, 
reum facere, arguere, alqm in jus vocare or (e)du- 
cere, in judicium adducere, alci diem tl icere, nomen, 
alcjs de alqd re deferre; — of high treason, alqm, 
ptrduellionis, or majestatis or de majestuta reum 
facere; — of assassination, alqm inter sicarios 
accusare; — of extortion, de (pecuniis) repetun- 
dis accusare; the accused, reus; 2, in gen. 
accusare, incusare, criminari. accusation, 
n. 1, legal t.t. accusatio, criminalio, crimen, 
esp. when unfounded; (= — of an informer, 
secret — ) delatio ; 2, in gen. incusatio, (=a 
speech against) oratio in alqm. accusative, 
n. gram. t.t. accusativus {casus), accuser, n. 
qui alqm accusal, accusntor (strictly of a public 
accuser, pelitor being plaintiff in private case); 
an informer, itulex; a secret — , delator. 

accustom, v.tr. alqm assuefacere alqd re, ad, 

or dat. (abl. in Cic), or with in tin. ; to — oneself 
= be accustomed, assucscfre, cousucsccrc, with 
abl., ad or dat. or inlin. accustomed, a J ,j, 
assuelus / h| the — way, de mow. 



ace 



634 



add 



ace, n. In cards, use terms from dice ; the 
side of the die marked 1, ccntis (= the dog-throw, 
i.e. worst) ; the best throw, the — of trumps, 
Venus (jactus, -iis), Vencreus, busilicus (because at 
a Roman symposium the king of the feast was 
chosen by this throw). 

ache, I. n. dolor. II. v.intr. duttre. 

achieve, v.tr. 1, = to finish, facerc, conficere, 
effitfre,pc>-jiccre, consummare,finirc; 2, = to gain, 
assequi, eonsequi ; to — something (i.e. make 
progress), alqd or mitltum proficire. achieve- 
ment, u. 1, = the doing of anything, confectio ; 
2, = a deed, /acinus, -oris, n. (but more usual in 
bad sense) ; he has made an — , magna confccit. 

acid, adj. 1, = sharp to the taste, acidus, 
acerbus, acer ; 2, = — in temper, acer, acerbus, 
morosus. acidity, n. 1, sapor acidus ; 2, acer- 
Mas, morositas, acerbity, n. acerbitas (lit. 
and fig.). 

acknowledge, v.tr. 1, = to accept as one's 
own, a(d)gnosclre (e.g. alqm filium, as a son) ; to 
■ — a child, suscipcre (the father raised a new- 
born child from tho ground); 2, = to admit, 
confileri(= to confess, e.g. a fault) ; 3, = to — a 
kindness, aldgratiasagire; — a payment, (i; 
acccplnm referre (i.e. to place to the credit side 
of an account-book) ; — a letter, rescribcre with 
dat. or ad. acknowledged, adj. cognibas, 
probatus, spectatus. acknowledgment, n. 1, 
= approval, approbatio, comprobatio ; 2, = con- 
fession, confessio ; 3, gratitude (e.g. to make an 
— , gratias alci agcre, se gratum praebere; 4, seo 
Receipt. 

acme, n, = height, fastigium ; to reach 
the — of glory, summam gloriam assequi. 

acorn, n. glans. 

acoustics, n, ratio awliendi, quae ad an- 
ditum pertinent. 

acquaint, v.tr. see Inform, acquaint- 
ance, n. 1, = knowledge of a thing, peritia 
(not in Cic), scientia, nolitia, cognitio alcjs rei ; 
with a person, usus or familiaritas cum alqo ; — 
with literature, eruditio ; to make — with, alqm 
ovalqd(cog)noscere; to seek — with, appetere alcjs 
familiar itatem ; 2, = a person slightly known, 
amicus, familiaris, noli (only used as n. in pi.). 
The distinction between friend and acquaint- 
ance was not marked in Latin, it can be 
rendered by amicus and homo mihi amicissimus 
s= friend, or homo mihi paene notus = — . ac- 
quainted, adj. notns, cognilus ; — with, alci 
familiaris ; to make — , introduce, alqm ad cdqm 
deducere; to be — with, alqni novisse (nosse); 
to be familiarly — with, alqu familiariter uli ; 
— with anything, alcjs rei peritus, gnarus, 
alqa re imbutus, doctus, institutus, in alqd re 
versatus ; not — with, alcjs rei ignarus, inscius, 
ritdis. 

acquiesce, v.U\U\(in)alqd reacguiesoSre, alqd 
aequo animn or patientcr fern, acquiescence, 
n. assensus, -us ; see Assent. 

acquire, v.tr. see Gain, acquirement, 
acquisition, n. 1, = anything gained, res 
adepta ; 2, = knowledge, alcjs rei cognitio; a 
man of many — s, vir perpolitus, multis arlibus 
eruditus; 3, the process of — , alcjs rei eompar- 
atio, adept io. acquisitive, ndj. aptus ad 
alqd impel randum. 

ucquit, v.tr. see Absolve, acquittal, n. 
absolutio alcjs rei. acquittance, n, apocha 
(Jot.); to give or to enter an — , in deception 
referre. 

acrid, adj. =hotand biting, both of physical 
taste and of temper, acerbus, wardens, mordax. 
acridity, n- acerbitas, 



acrimonious, adj. mordant, mordens, acer- 
bus, acidcatus. Adv. mordaciter, accrbe. acri- 
mony, n. acerbitas. 

across, prep. 1, = the other side of, trans; 
2, with verbs of motion, trans, per = right 
through ; something comes — my mind, alqd 
mihi (dc improvisu) ob(J)icitur. 

acrostic, U. = riddle, acnigma, -litis, n. 

act, I. v.intr. = to do, agcre, fudrc (e.g. 
bene, male, well or ill); to — as a man, se 
virum praebZrc; so to — as to, ita se genre itt ; 
the medicine — s, efficax est. II. v.tr. = to — a 
part 1, on the stage, alcjs partes agere; to — 
the first part, primas partes agcre or iraclarc, 
personam tractare ; to — a play, fabulam agere ; 
to forbid the players to — , histrionibus scaeuam 
interdicere; 2, in life, personam sustinerc or 
lueri; 3, = to feign, alqm simulare ; 4, to — 
upon anyone, multum, nihil, etc., a]>ud ab/m 
valere ; to be — ed upon, alqd re effici. III. 
n. of a play, actus, -iis; — of Parliament, 
Senatusconsullum ; — of amnesty, oblirio sempi- 
terna; the — of anyone, factum; in pi. = 
achievements, res gestae, gesta or acta, -orum, n. ; 
in the very — , in manifesto facinore. action, n. 

1, = the "doing of anything, actio ; 2, = a deed, 
factum; 3, in battle, res gesta; = the battle 
itself, praelium; 4, of a play, =the series of 
events, actiones ; = gesture, actio, gestus, -iis; 5, 
of a horse, gradus, -us; 6, legal t.t. an — for 
anything, lis, litis, f., actio alcjs rei, or de 
cdqd re (e.g. furti, de rejietundis) ; to bring 
an — against, actionem in alqm iustituere, alci. 
diem dicere. actionable, adj. cujus rei actio 
est, quod contra leges est. actor, n. 1, = one 
who arts, qui agit, facit, alcjs rei actor; 2, on 
the stage, hislrio, actor; comic — , comoedus ; 
tragic — , tragocdus. actress, n. only men 
acted in classical times, so use quae partes agit. 
activo, adj. 1, = quick, ecler, acer, promptvs; 

2, = untiring, industrious, impiger, (g)navus. 
Adv. acriter, impigre, Industrie, (g)naviier. ac- 
tivity, n. 1, =quickness, celeritus ; 2, = indus. 
try, iudustria, impigritas. actual, adj. verus, 
manifestus. Adv. vere, re vera ; actually? itant 
vero? actuate, v.tr. excitare, impellere. 

acumen, n. ingenii acies, acumen. 

acute, adj. 1, of pain, acntus, gravis, vehemens 
acerbus ; 2, of intellect, acntus, subiilis, acer] 
perspicax, sagax ; 3, see Angle, Accent. Adv. 
acute, graviier, vehementer, subtiliter, sagaciter 
acuteness, n. sagacitas, p>erspicacitas, ingeni\ 
acies, acumen, subtilitas. 

adage, n. proverbium. 

adamant, n. adamas, -antis, hi. adaman, 
tine, adj. 1, lit. adamanlinus ; 2, fig. = verj 

strong, validissimus ; see Strono. 

adapt, v.tr. alqd alci rei or ad alqd, accommo- 
dare, aptarc, efflcfre lit alqd cum alqd re con. 
veniat. adapted, adj. aphis, or idoneus ad 
aVad (faciendum), or alci rei, or qui with subj. 
adaptation, n. aceommodatio. 

add.v.tr. alqdalci(ulcUre,a.djungh-e,ad(j)ich-Ci 
to — up, summam faixre, computare. addition, 
n. 1, = adding to, adjunclio (esp. = an — that 
limits the meaning), adjectio, accessio ; 2, = n 
thing added, alcjs rei accessio or additamentum ; 

3, in arith. additio, opp. to ahjectio (= subtl-ac-, 
lion) (Quint.); by — and subtraction to find a 
total of various" it"ms, addenda deducendoqut 
summam facere. additional, adj. novus, ad' 
dltus, adjectus. 

adder, n. vipera. 

addict, v.tr. alci or alci rei se dare, deder> 
or Uvdcrc ; se a.d, s'v.div.m alcjs rei conferrc. incuvu 



add 



635 



adv 



here, addicted, adj. aid rei deditus, alcjs rei 
studiosus ; to be — to a person, totum alcjs esse. 
addle, v.tr. abortivum facere; an addled 
egg, ovum abortivum (Mart.), ovum irrilum, 
sephyrium (Plin.). 

address, I. v.tr. 1, = apply oneself to 
anything, sealci rei dedere, tradere, ad or in alqd 
incumberc ; 2, — to speak to, alqm alloqui, affari, 
appellare (both by speech and letter) ; 3, to — a 
letter to, alcili(t)tcrasinscribere. H.n. l,=specch 
to anyone, alloquium; 2, = speech to a meeting, 
contio (in late Lat. also = a sermon), oratio ; 
3, of a letter, inscriptio ; 4, = place, locus 
(e.g. to that — ) ; 5, = adroitness, sol(l)ertia ; 6, 
— es — courtship, to pay one's — es to, alqam in 
matrimonium petere. 

adduce, v.tr. adducere, producere, proftrre, 
(com)memorare ; to — witnesses, testimony, 
testes, testimonium proferre, testes citare, producere. 

adept, adj. ad alqd callidus, alcjs rei or alqd 
re peritus. 

adequate, adj. alci or alci rei proprius, alci, 
alci rei or ad alqd aplus, idoneus, alci rei or cum 
alqd recongruens, conveniens, consentaneus, ad alqd 
accommodatus ; — to the occasion, ad tempus ac- 
commodatus. Adv. apte, convenienter, congruenter, 
pro rata (parte). 

adhere, v. intr. (in)alqd re dat. or adalqd(in)- 
liaererc, 'adkaerere ; to — to a person, alci studere, 
deditum esse, alcjs studiosum esse; to — together, 
cohaercre ; — to a party, e partibus esse, (alcjs) 
partibus farire. adherence, adhesion, n, 
1, lit. by Adhere; 2, = attachment, amor, 
studium erga or in alqm. adherent, n. 
Minis e sociis ; — of a school of thought, ilisci- 
pulus ; = political — , cum ulqo consisntiens ; his 
— s, sui. adhesive, adj. = sticky, tenax; — 
plaster, cataplusma, -dtis, n. (Cels.), 

adieu! vale! pi. vaUte; to bid — , alqm 
salvere or valere jubere; at the end of letters, 
vale, valete, cura ut valeas, valeatis. 

adjacent, adj. alci rei adjacens, adjectus, 
contiguus, vicinus, finitimns ; to be — , adjacere; 
of a country, contingere (e.g. fines llelvetio- 
rum), or conlinenlem esse with dat. or abl. with 
cum. 

adjective, n. nomen adjectivum (Gram.). 

adjoin, see Adjacent (to be). 

adjourn, v.tr. differre, proferre, prorogare ; to 
. — the day of trial, diem prodicire. adjourn- 
ment, n. dilatio, prolatio. 

adjudge, v.tr. alqd alci addicere, adjudicare ; 
to — a triumph, alci triumphum decernire (so of 
everything else awarded by the SenatCj e.g. 
honores, pecuniam.) 

adjunct, n. accessio, alqd alci rei appositum, 
addition. 

adjure, v.tr. 1, =to impose an oath upon, 
alqm jurejurando or Sacramento, ad jusjuran- 
dmn adigere, jurejurando obstringere ; 2, = to 
entreat, to — (by), (per alqm or alqd) obsecrare, 
obtestari. adjuration, n. = entreaty, obse- 
I emtio, obtestatio. 

adjust, v.tr. 1, see Arrange ; 2, see Adapt. 
adjustment, n. accommodatio. 

adjutant, n. optio, -onis, m. 

administer, v.tr. alqd adviinistrare, gerere, 
procurare, alqd re fungi, alci rei praeesse ; to — 
an oath to, alci jusjurandum deferre ; to — 
mouicine, medicinam alci dare; — justice, jus 
dicere. administration, n. 1, = perform- 
ance, administrate, procurutio, functio ; 2, = the 
ministers of state, qui reipublicae praesunt or 
praepositi sunt, 



admiral, n. praefectus classis; to appoint 
as — , praeficere alqm classi ; to be au — , classi 
praeesse. 

admire, v.tr. (ail)mirari. admiration, 

n. (ad)miratio. admirable, adj. 1, = worthy 
of admiration, (ad)mirandus, (ad)mirabilis ; 2, 
= excellent, cqitimus, egreqius, eximius, praestans, 
pruestabilis. Adv. viirum in vwdum, mirum 
quantum, (ud)mirabilitcr r optime, egregrie, 
eximie. 

admit, v.tr. 1, = to allow to enter, alqm ad- 
mittere, adilum alci dare, adeundi coviam or 
potestatem alci facere ; 2, = concede, concedere, 
dure; 3, = confess, futiri, confiteri; 4, = to 
allow, habere (e.g. alqd excusutionis , — some 
excuse), pali ; this — s of no doubt, de lwc dubi- 
tari non potest, admission, n. 1, = leave to 
enter, admissio, aditus, adeundi copia ; 2, = con- 
cession, coi-.cessio; in r.igument, with this — , hoc 
conccsso. admissible, 1, = to be received, 
accipiendus ; 2, =fair, aequus. 

admonish, v.tr. alqm alqd, de alqd re or 
ut (ad)monere, alqm ad alqd or ut (ad)hortari. 
admonition, n. (ad)monitio, (ad)hortalio. 

ado, n. with much — , vix, aegre; see Ft'S3. 

adolescence, n. adulescentia (adol.). 

adopt, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. alqm adoplare, 
a(d)sciscere ; 2, = to accept, accipere, recipere ; to 

— a resolution, alqd consiilucre, consilium inire. 
adoption, n. adoptio. adoptive, adj.. 
adoptivus (mostly late, csp. Jet.). 

adore, v.tr. 1, = to worship, venerari, colere; 
2, = to admire, colere, diligere, amare. ador- 
able, adj. sanrtus, vcnera)ulus. adoration, 
n. cultus, -us, veneralio. 

adorn, v.tr. (ex)ornare, decorare; an — ed 
style in speaking, oratio ornata. adornment, 
n. ornatus, -its, ornamentum. 

adrift, adj. 1, lit. fiuctibus or vento jactatus ; 
2, in mind, to be — , (animo) vagari. 

adroit, adj. callidus, sol(l)ers, habill3. Adv. 
callide. adroitness, n. habilitas, sol(l)eTtia. 

adulation, n. adulatio, assentatio, blanditia, 
ambitio. 

adult, I. adj. culultus. II, n. pubes; — a, 
puberes. 

adulterate, v.tr. adulterare, corrumpire, 
viiiare. 

adultery, n. adultcrium; to commit — , 
adulterium cum alqo or alqd fucere, inire, 
adulterous, adj. adulteriis deditus. 

adumbrate, v.tr. adumbrare. adumbra- 
tion, n. adumbiatio. 

advance, I. v.intr. 1, lit. progredi, pro- 
cedure; 2, fig. procedure, progredi, profi,dre; to 
be advanced in years, aetate provehi; in rank, ad 
ampliorem gradum (e.g. ad consulatum) provehi. 
II. v.tr. 1, alqm alqd re augere, (tx)ornare; to — 
anyone's interests, aid or alcjs rei consulire ; 2, 
= to bring forward an opinion, sententiam dicere, 
aperire ; 3, = to pay in advance, in antectssum 
dare (Sen.). Ill, u. 1, = a going forward, pro- 
gressus, -us, iter, -ineris, ni ; 2, — an increase, 
progressus ; 3, = of money, petunia in antecessum 
data (Sen.), advance-guard, n. primum 
agmen. advancement, n. 1, in rank, gradus, 
■us amplior, or byname of office to which — is 
made (e.g. to the consulship, consulatus) ; 2, in 
gen. = — of interests, etc., by infin. of verb to 
advance (e.g. the — of your interests, tibi con- 
sulere). 

advantage, n. commodum, lucrum, fructus, 
-us,emolumentum,utilitas, bonum (esp. in riLbona, 

— s) ; — of a position, loci opportunitas ; to my 



adv 



636 



afr 



— , e re med or in rem meant est ; to gam — from, 
fructnm ex alqd re cupere ; with an eye to one's 
own — , alid I'd frurivm suum refcrre ; it is for 
one's — , expedit (with ace. and infill.); to he of — , 
utilem or utile esse, ex usu or usui esse, alci or aid 
reiprodessc. advantageous, adj. quaestuosus, 
utilis, fructuosus, opportunus. Adv. utiliter. 

advent, lit. adventus, -us. adventitious, 

adj. adventicius, externus. 

adventure, I. n. 1, = daring deed, /acinus, 
-oris, n., audax inceptum ; 2, = an unusual oc- 
currence, res nova or mira. II. v.tr. alqd audire, 
tentare, experiri, pcriclitari. adventurer, ». 
qui alqd tenlat ; a mere — , fraudator. adven- 
turous, adj. audax, temerarius. Adv. audacter, 
temerc. 

adverb, n. adverbium (Gram.). 

adversary, n, adversaries-; in trials, the — , 
isle; see Enemy. 

adverse, adj. alci or alci rei adversus, am- 
Irarius, oppositus ; — winds, venti adversi ; — 
circumstances, res adversae. Adv. contra; to act 
— , alci or alci rei adversari, repugnare ; to act — 
to one's own interest, utilitati suae repugnare. 
adversity, n. udversa, res adversae, miseria. 

advert to, v.tr. amimum ad alqd intendire, 
alqd animadvertere. 

advertise, v.tr. 1, = to inform, alqd alci 
nuntiare, alqm de alqa re certiorem facere; 2, 
= to make publicly known, praedicare, pro- 
nuntiare; — in the papers, inactis (diurnis or 
publicis) pronuntiare. advertisement, n. 

I, indicium, significatio ; 2, praedicatio, procla- 
rnalio {in actis). 

advice, n. consilium; by my — , me auctore ; 
a pretty piece of — ! pulchre suades ! advise, 
v.tr. 1, =give advice, consilium alci dare, alci 
suadere ut or alqd, alqm alqd or ut, monere, alqm 
alqd, ad or in alqd or ut, hortari ; 2, = to inform, 
alqm. de alqd re certiorem facere. Adv. consultc, 
considerate, de industrid. adviser, n. suasor, 
consiliarius, (consilii) auctor. 

advocate, I. n. 1, legal t.t, patronus, cog- 
nitor, procurator; to be an — , caus{s)as dicere, 
at/ere; in foro versari ; 2, in gen. alcjs rei auctor. 

II. v.tr. = to defend, defindf.re, tueri, tuturi. 
adze, n. ascia. 

aerial, adj. aerius, aelherius. 

aeronaut, n. qui se per aerem (curru) pro- 
pdlat. 

afar, adv. procul, longe, e longinquo, eminus 
(opp. communis) ; to be — , procul or longe abesse. 

affable, adj. affabilis, blandus, comis, com- 
inunis,mamui:tus(=Rent]<i,op^.ferJis),coinmod'.u 
i= obliging), affability, affableness, n. 
mores commodi, affabililas, mansueludo, comilas, 
communitas (Nep.). 

affair.n. res, opus, -eris, n. (— work), negolium, 
ocenpatio, minislerium, munus, -eris, n., euro.; it 
is the — of a judge, jv.dicis (ojficium) est. bee 

BUSINES3. 

affect, v.tr. 1, = to influence, alqm tan- 
give, (comymovere, alqm alqd re afficere; 2, = to 
injure, alci nocere, noxiumesse ; 3, = to be fond 
of, tliUgire, amare; 4, = to assume an appear- 
ance, simulare, imitari, prae se ferre ; to — 
constancy, etc., ennstantiam, etc., simulare. af- 
fectation, n. shnulatio, imitatin, ostentatio. 
effected, 1, of persons, mollis, incptus (=■ silly), 
alqd o.-ttentans ; 2, of things, quaesitus, simulatns, 
pvtidns, ntolestus(oI speech). Adv. pulide, inepte, 
mollitcr, molcsle. 

affection, n. 1, = a state of the mind or fecl- 

ing, the feelings, animimotus,- us, (animi)affectns, 
•us^commoliOjpernwtio, impetus, -us; 2, = loving 



sentiment, amor, caritns, benevolentia, studium, 
pietas (= dutiful — ) ; indulgentia (= indulgent 
— ), voluntas in or erga alqm. affectionate, 
adj. amoris plenus, alejs amans (e.g. uxuris), pins 
(= dutifully — ), indulgens. Adv. amanter, tn- 
dulgentcr, pie; — yours (at the end of a letter), 
cura ut valeas or vale. 

affiance, I. n. 1, = trust, fiducin, fides; in 
anything, alcjs rei; with anything, see Affin- 
ity ; 2, = marriage contract, sponsalia, -ium. 
II. v.tr., see Betroth. 

affidavit, n. testimonium per tabulas datum 
(Quint.). 

affinity, 1, = relationship, propinqnitas, pro- 
pinquitatis vinculum, necessitudo (= family ties), 
cog ■ictio (on the side of the father or the mother), 
a(d}jnatio (on the side of the father), offinitas, af- 
finitatis vinculum (by marriage); consanguinitas, 
consanguinitalis vinculum, sanguinis vinculum 
(by blood) ; 2, = close connection, similarity, 
cognatio, conjunctio ; — of the sciences, cogna.tia 
studiorum, 

affirm, v.tr. 1, aio (defective = I say Yes, opp. 
nego), affirmare, confirmare, annuere (by nodding 
assent), fateri, c.onfi"teri(= to admit) ; 2, legal t.t. 
to — a contract, law, etc., pactum, legem, etc., 
sancire,ratum esse jublre (of the Senate), af- 
firmation, n. 1, in gen. affirmatio ; 2, legal t.t. 
confirmatio. affirmative, adj. uiens (opp. 
negans), affirmans; an — answer, affirmatio. 
Adv. to reply — , aio, alqd confirmare. 

affix, v.tr. = to fasten or put to, alqd alci 
rei (af)figere, alqd ad rem alligare, annectere, ad 
rem or alci rei alqd, alci rei agglutinare (= to 
glue to). 

afflict, v.tr. =to make sorrowful, contris- 
tare, dolorem alci facire, efflcere, afferre, com- 
movcre, dolore alqm afficere; alqm torquire, a.ngcre, 
(ex)cruciare, vexare, mordere, pungere. afflic- 
tion, n. aegritudo (= sickness of mind), dolor, 
maeslitia (= sadness, opp. hilaritas, iaetitia), 
molestia, maeror (= dejection) ; — of body, 
aegrotatio, morbus. afflicting, adj. tristis, 
miser, acerbus, lucluosus. 

affluence, n. abundanlia, affluently (more 
than you want), ubcrtas (= fulness), copia ; — of 
good things, suppeditalio bonorum. affluent, 
see, Abundant, under Abound. 

afford, v.tr. 1, = to supply, prtustare, prae- 
here, concedcre, alcjs rei (faciendae) potestatem 
facere (e.g. to — an opportunity for an inter- 
view, colloquendi secum pot. fac.) ; 2, = to yi>\ I. 
redderc, suppeditare ; 3, = to have the means or 
to be able, jwsse. 

affranchise, see Free, v.tr. 

affray, n. = disturbance or petty quarrel, 
run, pugna, tumullus, -us (of a mob). 
affright, see Frighten. 

affront, I. v.tr. l, = to meet, alci or ad or in 
alqd occurrere, alci obviam ire ; 2, = to wound the 
feelings, offendcre, laedere, pungere (— to sting), 
mordere. II. n. oppiobrium,contumelia, injuria. 
affronting, adj. injuriosv.s, contumeliosus. 

afield, adv. in agros (with verbs of motion), 
in agris (with verbs of rest). 

afloat, adj. & adv., to be — , navigare, navi 
vehi. s 

afoot, adv. pedibns (e.g. pedibus ire). 

aforesaid, adj. quern or rjuotl supra, scripsi, 
eoBimemorasi, etc. 

afraid, adj. avxius, sol(l)icitus, limidus, 
pai'Ulus, trepidus, ignavus, (pn)tnrii n~ ■ »«j bo 
— , alqm, rdqd timcrr, metuere, reformidare ; not 
to be --, due mttu or securun 1 esse. 



afr 



637 



aid 



' • afresh, adv. see Aoain. 

after, I. prep, post (with accus.) 1, of place, 
post turn (= after or behind him); 2, of time, 
post aliquot menses (= after some months); or by 
abl. abs. (e.g. Aeglnd relictd, = — leaving 
Algina) ; 3, of rank (nemo est post te, = no 
one is after or inferior to thee). As denoting 
sequence or order, rank, secundus a (e.g. secun- 
dus a rege, — next to the king) ; := accord- 
ing to, secundum (e.g. secundum legem, — ratio- 
neni, etc.). If a model is intended, ad is used 
(e.g. ad normam, = after a set rule ; ad eorum 
arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt, = they form 
themselves wholly after their will and pleasure ; 
admodum, = moderately ; adformam, — cffigiem, 

— simllltudinem, denoting imitation). II. conj. 
1, postqnam, tit, ubi; three years after he had 
returned, post Ires annos or terllum annum quam 
redierat, tcrtio anno quam redierat; the- day — 
he came, postrulie quam venerat, also poslridie, 
ejus diet ; 2, by abl. abs., — he had done this, 
quo facto. ill. adv., also afterwards, 
post, postm, posthac (denoting specially sequence 
in time) ; dein(de), exin(de), inde (denoting 
the sequence in time of two things, next); 
deinceps (an unbroken sequence in time), mox 
(=. presently, shortly after, opp. nunc). When 
the " afterward " refers to the act in the 
foregoing member, the Romans liked to repeat 
the verb of that member in the form of a par- 
ticiple (e.g. the robbers took Remus prisoner, 
and afterwards gave him up to Amulius, lutrones 
Senium ceperunt et captum Amullo tradlderunt) ; 
three years — , post tres annos, trlbus annis post, 
post tertium annum, tertio anno post, iertio 
anno ; first, afterward, lastly, prius, delude, 
extremo ; first, next, afterward, prlnciplo, prox- 
imo, delude. 

afternoon, I. n. pbmeridianum tempus; in 

the — , post meridiem. II. adj. pomerldlanus. 

again, adv. 1, in gen. iterum, denuo, rursus, 
rursum; again and again, iterum atque iterum, 
seinel atque iterum; ill composition by re- ; to 
rise — , resurgere ; 2, = hereafter, posthac, 
postea ; 3, = in turn, contra, vicissim; 4, of the 
heads of a speech, ad hoc or haec. 

against, prep. 1, = rest near, ad with accus. 
(e.g. ad vuirum), contra with accus. (e.g. contra 
insulam) ; 2, = motion towards, adoersus or 
ud alqm or alqd ; 3, = hostility towards, ad- 
versus or in alqm, contra alqm or alqd ; a speech 

— Caeciua, oratio in Caeclnam ; — expectation, 
praeter or contra opinlonem ; — the stream, 
wind, ad verso flu mine, reuto ; — one's will, alqo 
invito; for and — , in utramque partem,; 4, of 
time, ad or in with accus. ; sub lucem, — day- 
light (i.e. just before), 

age, n. actus (=the time of life, persons living 
at the same time) ; of the same — , aequalis (also 
= contemporaries) ; men of the same — , ejusdem 
aetatls or temporls homines, ejusdem aetatls ora- 
tores (= the orators of the same age, that is, the 
contemporaneous orators) ; next in — , aetate 
proximus ; his — did not understand Socrates, 
jSocratem aetas sua parum intellexlt, Socrates ah 
Tiominlbus sui temporls parum intellegebatur ; 
8aecu!in)i(=aloTig indefinite period), tempus, -oris, 
fi., or in pi. ; to be of — , sui potentem, sui juris 
esse; not of — , nondum adultd aetate; old — , 
senectus, -iitls, f. ; to bo twenty years of — , vu 
gintl annos natum esse, aged, adj. aetate pro- 
vectior or grandior ; an — man, senex, -Is. 

agent, n. actor, procurator; a free — , qui 
mi juris est. agency, n, 1,= performance, 
effect its, -fid ; 2, = employment, procuratio. 

aggrandize, v.tr. amplificare, augjre. ag- 



grandizement, n. ampliflcatio, dignitatis ac 
cesslo (— — in rank). 

aggravate, v.tr. l,= to increase, augli'ei 
2, = to exasperate, exasperare, lacesse're, incitare. 

aggregate, I. n. summa. II, v.tr. con- 
gregate, aggregation, n. c.ongregutlo. 

aggression, n. 1, in war, impetus, -us, incur- 
slo, incursiis, -us, excursio, oppugnatio (= storm- 
ing of a place) ; 2, in. gen. = encroachment, 
injuria, aggressive, adj. hostilis, infen- 
sus. Adv. hoslililer, in/ense. agressor, 1, 
qui bellum suscepit ; 2, In gen. Qlti injuriam 
aid faclt. 

aggrieve, v.tr., sec Grieve. 

aghast, adj. (ex)territus, perturbutus ; to 
stand — , stupire. 
agile, adj. agllls, velox, pernix. agility, 

n. = nimblencss, agilltas, pernlcltas, velocltus. 

agitate, v.tr. 1, = to move hither and thither, 
to move greatly, agllare, quatere (= to shake), ro- 
tate, circumagire (=.to drive round), (com)movere, 
(con)turbare ; 2, = to excite, percuUre, perturb- 
are, commovere, percellere ; 3, = to discuss, to — • 
a question, rem or de re agcre, disputare, disserere; 
sol{l)lcitarc (—to stir up), alqm excitare (by 
speech), agitation, 1, agitatiojactutus, -us, jac- 
tutlo (as of the sea), concussus, -us, concussio; — 
of the body, corjxiris ruotus, -lis, comb, agilatlo 
inotusque corporis; to bo in — , moveri, agitari ; 
2, — of mind, animi motus, commotio, concitatio ; 
strong ■ — , animi perturbatio ; to be under — , 
perturbatum esse; 3, of a question, dlsputatlo. 
agitator, n. turhator plebls or vulgi ; to be au 
— , rebus uovis studere. 

ago, adv. abhlnc; thirty days — , (jam) 
abhinc triginta dlebus, or abhlnc triginta dies, 
ante triginta dies ; long — , jam pr idem. 

agony, n. 1, of body, dolor, aegrotatlo ; 2, 
of mind, aegrltudo, dolor, agonize, I. v.intr. 
(exy.ruciari, torqueri. II, v.tr. (ex)cruciare, 'tor- 
quere. 

agrarian, adj. agrarius. 

agree, I. v.intr. = to be of one mind and 
voice, coucineVe, conspirare, conseniire, con- 
gruere; not to — , dissenlire, dlscrepare de re: 
II. v.tr. 1, to — upon, alci rei assentiri, de alqd 
re congruere, idem sentire ; to — upon terms, eon- 
ditlones accipere ; 2, to — with, salubrem aid esse ; 
not to — , gravem esse, agreement, n. 1, con- 
senslo, consensus, -iis, concordia, unanimitas (opp. 
discordla); 2, — a compact, pactum; to strike 
an — , alqd cum alqo paclsci. agreeable, adj. 1, 
= pleasant, acceptus, grains, dulcis, suavU ; 2, = 
witty, lepidus, facetus ; 3, — to, alci rei or ud 
alqd uccommodatus, aptus, alci rei or cum alqa re 
conveniens. 

agrioulture, n. agri (agrorum) cultnra (or 
as one word, agricultnra), or agri cultio (or as 
one word), or agrorum cultus, -iis. agricul- 
tural, adj. rusticis rebus deditus. agricul- 
turist, n. arator, agrlcola, in., agri cultor (or 
as one word, agricultor). 

aground, adv. 1, in vado (=on the shoal), 
in litore, in scopulis (= on the rocks), in syrtibus 
(— on the quicksands) ; 2, fig- in luto esse, in 
dlfficultalibus versari. 

aguo, n. febris intermittens. 

ah! ah! aha! interj. eu, euge. 

ahead, adv. = before, ante ; to go — , aufeire, 
praeire; to run — , praecurrire ; to swim — , 
praenutare ; to sail — , praevehi. 

aid, Z. n. 1, =help, auxilium, adjumentum, 
subsiihum (esp. = resource) opem(n. ops and dat. 
opi not used); 2, = a tax, vectigal. II. v.tr. 



ail 



638 



aim 



auxilinm alci afferre, alci adesse or pfaesto esse, 
alqm (ad)juvare. 
ailing, adj. aeger; see Sick. 
aim, I. u. 1, meta (= the goal) ; scopos, -i (= 
mark. Suet); to lis an — , alqd latere; 2, fig. 
2^roposilnm ; to propose an — to yourself, finctn 
sibi proponcre; what is the — of this? quorsum 
haec spectant? II. v.tr. 1, telum collineare, tehim 
diri'jerc or intendire in alqm or alqd, tclo petcre 
aim or alqd; 2, fig. alqd (animo) intendire, 
spectare, perlinire ad alqd (e.g. these things — at 
concord, haec ad concordiam spectant). 

air, .1. n, 1, cctc!i<m(=the whole atmosphere); 
air (accus. sing, aera, = d?jp, the atmosphere near 
the earth), aether (= aXS-gp, the upper air), aura 
(= breeze), ventus (= the wind), spiritus, --us ( = 
breath of air, or life), anima (= the breath of life) ; 
to take — (i.e. of a secret), emanare ; 8, = ap- 
pearance, vultus, -us (= the look of the face), 
asj)ech{$, -us, alcjs or alcjs rei species, forma, fades; 
to have an — of any kind, se gerere with adv. 
(e.g. honeste) *£ praibere with adj. (e.g. talem); 
to give oneseli — s, sejactare or ostentare : 3, = a 
tune, modus '.milieus), cantus, -its. II, r.tr. 
ueri exponere, veniilare, airy, adj. aerius, 
aetherius, aeri expositus. airiness, n. by adj. 
(e.g. the — of a place, locus ventis expositus. 
aisle, n. ala (side), spatium medium (mid). 
akin, adj. propinquus, a{d)nnatus (on the 
fathers side), cognatus (on the mother's) ; to be 
near — , arta propinquitate alci conjunciuin esse, 
alci finitivium esse. 

alabaster, I. n. alabastrites, -ae, m. II. adj. 

ex alabojtritdfactus; an — box, alabaster, or ala- 

bastra (pi. neut.). 

alack! alack-a-day ! interj. eheu, vaemihi. 

alacrity, n. 1, = quickness, pernicitas, ve- 

locitas; 2,— cheerfulness, alucritas, hilaritas. 

alarm, I. n. ?., strepitus, -its (=a loud noise 
rhich calls out men and beast), lurba(— confu- 
sion), tumultvs, -iis(= uprising and Uproar, as in 
an insurrection) ; comb, strepitus ct tumultvs; U- 
give — of fire, incendium conclamare ; to sound 
the—, classicum canere ; from — , prae strepitu ; to 
be in — , trepidure; 2, = fear, terror, Irepidatio ; 
see Afraid, Fear. II. v.tr. ccnturbare, terrere. 
alas ! alas a-day ! see Alack. 
album, a. liber. 
alcove, n. zotheca. 

alder, I. n. abuts, f. II. adj. alneus. 
alderman, n. magistrates, -us, more de- 
finitely according to context (i.e. if the — is 
mentioned as a judge, judex). 

ale, n.' ccr(e)vi$ia (a Gallic word), ale- 
house, n. caupona. 

alert, adj. vigil, alacer; to be on the — , vigi- 
km esse; see Alacrity. 
algebra, n. * algebra. 

alias, n. nomen alienum ; to assume an — , 
nomen sibi fingere. 

alien? I. ad.i. (ab) alqo, alqd re, alci or alci rei 
aUemu; see Abhorkknt. II. n. allegata, m. (= 
born abroad), advena, m. and f. (—one who has 
coine into a foreign land), alienate, v.tr. 1, 
legal t.t. (rib) alicnare (= to make what is mine 
strange to me or to make ft another's), vendere 
(= to sell), vendtre el (ab) aHenare ; 2, = to 
estrange, alqm ab nlqo alienor, alienation, 
n. 1, (of goods), (ab) alienatio, venditio; — of a 
part, deminutio de. alqa re ; 2, — of mind, mentis 
alienatio or nlienata mens, vesania (= delusion), 
insania (= loss of reason, madness), recordia (— 
folly), delirium (= wandering), furor (—rage). 



alight, v.intr. descenderc; — from a Tiois$, 
ex equo descenderc. 

alike, I. adv. pariter, acquc, eodem modo K 
II. adj. similis. 

alive, adj. vivas; to be — , in vitd or in vivis- 
esse, rivcre. See Like. 

all, adj. 1, = every, omnis ; 2, = the whole, 
totus, solulus ; — together, cunctus, uni versus ; in 
— respects, ex omne parte, plane, prorsus ; — the 
best men, optimus qv.isquc ; at — , omnino, pror- 
sus ; not much, if at — , non multum, avt nihil 
omnino; not at — , minime ; in — , in summd 
(e.g. absolvi in svmmd quat(t)twr sentcntiis, = to 
lie acquitted by four votes in — ); taken together, 
omnino (e.g. there were five in — , quiiupie 
omnino erant). 
allay, v.tr. lenire, levare, sedare, mitigarc. 
allege, v.tr. to — in excuse, alqd alci ezen* 
save ; see Assert, allegation, n. 1, affirmatio ; 
2, = a charge, indicium, aceusatio. 

allegiance, n. fides; to swear — , in verba 
alcjs jv.ra.re ; to keep in one's — , alqm in officio 
suo retinere. 
allegory, n. allegorla (Quint.). 
alleviate, v.tr. see Allay, alleviation, 
n. levatio, mitigatio, levamen{tum). 

alley, n. 1, of a house, ambulatio; 2, of a 
street, angiporhts, -vs. 

allot, v.tr. = to assign by lot, sortiri (= to cast 
lots for), sorte legere. allotting, n. snrtitio ; 
= to assign, (at)tribucre, assignare, addiccre, 
adjudicare. allotment, n. 1, = act of allot- 
ting, assignatio ; 2, = ground, ager, posscssio. 

allow, v.tr. 1, = permit, sincre (subj. with 
or without vt), pati (with ace. and inf.), permit- 
tire alci (with id or inf.), concedere (= to yield 
to a request) ; to — to go, siiierc abeat;2, — 
concede, concedere, confiteri ; allowed — acknow- 
ledged, spectatus, cognitus; 3, = to give, dare; 
for a public object, decernere. allowable, 
adj. concessus, licitus. allowance, n. 1, = 
permission, concessio, permissio ; 2, = indul- 
gence, indvlgentia ; to make — for, alqd con- 
donare ; 3, = money, pecunia in alqd data. 

alloy, I. n. = a spoiling, corruptio, depra- 
vatio; without — , sincerus, punts. II. v.tr. 
corrumperc, vitiare. 

allude to, v.tr. = to refer to, signifieare 
alqm or alqd, designare, describere. allusion, 
n. significatio, mentio alcjs rei. 

allure, v.tr. in or ad alqd allkere, invitare; 
inescart (by a bait), alluring, adj. blandus, 
dnlcis. allurement, n. invitamentv.mO=some- 
thing inviting), incitamentum (= something im- 
pelling); — s, illeeebrae, 

ally, I. n. sociits, fbederatus ; faedere soemtns 
(= united by treaty) ; relating to an — , socialis. 
II. v.tr. foedus facire, alqm or alqd cum alqd 
re conjungire, societatem cum alqo inivc ; to 
— oneself, se cum alqo (con)jmigire, foedvs cum 
alqo sancire. alliance, n. socictas, foedus, 
■eris, n., matrimonial — , mcUrimonium. 
almanack, n.fasti, -orum, ephemeris, -ulis, f. 
almighty, adj. omnipoUns. 
almond, n. amygdala, amygdalum; —tree, 
amygdalus, f. 

aimost, adv. prope, poem, fen, ferine, tantvm 
non (e.g. tantum non bellum ante portas ct murum 
end, = war was all but at the gates), ad (with 
accus. = close to), circiter (about), hand multum 
or won longe abfuit quin. 

alms, n. stips, -is, f. (nom. not used), beneflcinp 
(—a kindness), almoner, n. qui largitionibuc 
praerst. almS-hOU3e, n. yfoc/iOtrop7i«()»(Jct.). 



alo 



639 



ami 



llioe, n. aloe, -es, f. 

aloft, adv. sublime. 

alone, I. adj. solus, wins, units solus; also 
by units omnium or ex omnibus; sine arbitris, 
remotis arbitris (— without witness). II. adv. 
See Only. 

along, I. adv. porro, protinus; get — with 
you, abi, apage {te). II. prep, secundum, 
praeter; to sail — , Utus or orum praeterrehi ; 
— with, una cum. 

aloof, adv. procul; to stand — from, se ab 
alqd re removire. 

aloud, adv. dare, clard voce, magnd voce, 
summd voce. See Loud. 

alphabet, n. lit(t)erarum nomina et con- 
textus, -us, (Quint.). See Letter, alphabet- 
ical, adj. in lit(t)cras digestus. Adv. I it( tier- 
arum online. 

already, adv. jam, jam turn, jam tunc, jam 
ttt u, jamdudum, jampridem (= a long while ago). 
also, conj. etiam, practerea (= besides), in- 
super (=z moreover), quoque (always after the 
word to which it refers), necnon (— moreover, 
joins sentences), item, itidem (— again, in the 
same way), et ipse, (e.g. Vespasiauo Titus films 
successit, qui tt ipse Vespasianus diclus est = Ves- 
pasian was succeeded by his son Titus, who 
alsp received the name of Vespasian). If two 
or more different qualities are ascribed to the 
same subject or object, and the force of the 
sentence lies in the difference, use idem for 
also," (e.g. musici quondam iidem po'etae = of 
old, musicians were also poets). See And. 

altar, n. ara (= every slight elevation of 
stone, &c), altaria, -ium (= a high altar) ; to raise 
an — , arum slatuere, Deofacere aram. 

alter, I. v.tr. (com)matare alqd in and de 
alqa re ; immutare, (cou)verlere, novare (= to givo 
a new form), emcndare, corrigcre (~ to take away 
faults), variare(=. to change often), invertere (= 
to turn upside down), corrumpere (= to falsify, a3 
labulas publicas) ; what i3 done cannot be altered, 
factum fieri infectum non potest. II. v.intr. con- 
verti. To be altered, (com)mutari, immutari; 
both minds and facts are much — , magna facta 
est rerum et animorum commutatio ; he has not — 
7io)i alius est ac fuit, est idem qui semjter fuit 
alterable, adj. mittabilis ; adv. mutabiliter. 
altering, alteration, n. (com)mutatio, im- 
inutatio, conversio; varietas, vicissitude; — of 
the weather, caeli varietas; — of fortune for- 
tunae vicissitudines ; — of your opinion, mutatio 
sententute. 

altercation, n. altercatio,jurgium,rixa(=a 
brawl, light); see Quarrel. 

alternate, I. v.tr. 1, alqd cum alqo alter- 
nare, vartare; to— rest and labour, oiiumlabore 
varum; 2, v.intr. variari, vartare. II. adj. 
altemus, mutuus ; adv. invicem, vicissim,mutuo 
alternation, n. (per)mutalio, vicissitude. 
alternative, I. adj. see Alternate. II. n. 
consilium contrarium, ratio alci rei contr aria or 
opposita ; peace or war is our only — , inter pacem 
et bellum nihil est medium. 

although, co\\\^tametsi, quanquam (quamq ) 
(gen. with the indie, as presupposing a fact), 
etsi (presupposing a fact, use the indie. ; a sup- 
position, the subj.), licet (with subj., with or 
without id), quumvis (= however much), cum 
(qitom, quum), = since, seeing, that, with subj. 

altitude, n. altitudo. 

altogether, adv. 1, = at the same time, u na 
smut, eodem tempore, conjunctim (= in common 
e.g. auxdtapeUre); 2, = all together, ad unuvl 
omnes, cuncti, universi ; 3, = wholly, prorsus, 



plane, oninino, penitus, funditus (esp. with 
verbs of destroying) ; he is — made up of, totus 
ex alqd re f actus est. 

alum, n. alt'tmen. -.. 

always, adv. semper, omni tempore, num* 
quum (nunq.) non; the best is — the last, opti- 
mum quidque est itltimum ; I — do it, hoc fuccre 
soleo. 

amalgamate, v.tr. alqd (cum) alqd re (com)- 
misccre. amalgamation, n. conjunctio. 

amanuensis, n. a manu, (servus, Jot.), ab 
epistulis (servus, Jet), qui pro alqo scribit. 

amass, v.tr. (co)acervare, aggerare, accumu- 
tare. Seo Accumulate, Heap. 

amatory, adj. amalorius ; see Love. 

amaze, v.tr. obstupefacere, percutere.r 
amazed, adj. obstupefactus ; to be — , stupere, 
(ob)stupesdre. amazing, adj. mints, immanis ; 
an — quantity of money, immanes pecuniae. 
Adv. vehementer, mirum in modum. amaze- 
ment, n. stupor; see Astonish, Astound, 
Wonderful. , 

amazon, n. 1, lit. Amazon; 2, fig. mulier 
bellicosa. 

ambassador, n. legatvs (as a deputy in 
state affairs), orator (as a political deputy to de- 
liver a verbal message). 

. amber, n. electrum, sucinum (Plin.). 

ambiguous, adj. anceps, ambiguus, dubius. 
Adv. ambigue (e.g. dicire). ambiguity, n. 
ambiguitas (e.g. verborum); see Doubt. 

ambition, n. ambitio, laudis sludium, studi- 
um cupiditasque honorum, contentio honorum, 
cupido honoris or famae, aviditas or avaritia 
gloriae, aestus quidam gloriae (sometimes merely 
gloria, eg. alcjs gloriae favere and gloria duci). 
ambitious, adj. ambitiosus, avidus gloriae or 
laudis, cupidus honorum, laudis et honoris cupi- 
dus, appetens gloriae; to be — , laudis studio 
train, glorid duci; adv. cupide, or by adj. 

amble, v.tr. lente procedure. 

ambrosia, n. ambrosia, ambrosial, adj. 

ambrosius. 

ambush, n. insldiae (= the place and the 
men)'; to lay in — , in insidiis (col)locare or dis- 
ponire ; to lie in — , in insidiis esse. 

ameliorate, v. tr. corrigHre (= to make right.) 
emcndare (= to free from errors) ; to — your con- 
dition, amplificare fortunam, augere opes. 

amen! interj. itafiat! ratumestolcccl.amen. 

amenable, adj. 1, alci rei obaediens; 2, 
legal tt sub alcjs jus et jurisdictionem sub- 
functus. 

amend, I. v.tr. emendare, corrigcre. II. 
v.intr. mores mutare (of morals), convalescere (of 
health), amendment, n. correctio, emendalio. 

amends, n. salisfactio, expiatio; to make 

for, alqd expiare (of a crime), damnum "estitne.re 
or resarcire (of a loss). 

amethyst, n. amethystus (Plin.). 

amiable, adj. suavis, dulcis, venustus, jucun- 
dus. Adv. suaviter, jucunde. amiability, n. 

suavitas, venuslas, jucunditas. 

amicable, adj. sec Friendly. 

amidst, prep, in medio (loco), in medial 
(parte) alcjs rei; sometimes by ipse (e.g. in the 
midst of the preparations for war, in ipso apw- 
rata belli). 

amiss, adv. male; there is something — 

with me, mule mccum agitnr ; to use — , alqa re 
perverse (ab)uti ; to take — , aegre or vwlcsta. 
ferre, in malam partem accipere. 



anim 



640 



ani 



ammunition, n.(instrwnmta et) apparatus, 
■fts belli, arma, ormn, tela, -orum. 

amnesty, n. renin prueterilorum, impunitas, 
incolumitus, /ides publiea (— the public safe- 
guard), amneslia; to pass a general — ,omnium 
factoritm tlictorumque. veniam et oblirionem .in 
prrpetvum sancire. 

among, prep, infer, ire (with abl.) ; from — , 
ex, tie ; — men, inter homines, in hominiints. 

amorous, adj. 1, in good sense, avians, 
umore incensits; 2, in bad sense, libidinosus. 
Adv. maxima cum umore, libidinose. amor- 
ousness, n. amor, libido. 

amount, I. n. summa, vivum'= the capital) ; 
the whole — , solidum; a not inconsiderable — , 
nummi non mediocris summae ; a great — of gold, 
pecunia magna or grandis; a very great — , in- 
credibilis pecuniae summa. II. v.intr. alqd effi- 
cere; what does it — to, quae summa est; it 
— s to the same thing, idem or par est, nihil in- 
terest uirum. 

amphibious, adj. animal cujus et in terra 
et in aqud vita est. 

amphitheatre, n. amphitheatrum. 

ample, adj. ampins. Adv. ample, abunde. 
amplitude, n. umplitudo. amplify, 
ampiificare. 

amputate, v.tr. praecidere (e.g. membra, 
aurem, vianum, caput or cervices ulci), umputare 
(caput alci). amputation, n. by the verb ; 
i.e. to perform an — , (membrum) praecidere. 

amuse, v.tr. deiectare, oblcctare. amusing, 
adj. jucundus. Adv. jucunde. amusement, «. 
delectatio, oblectatio, ollcchunentum. 

anachronism, n. error de temporibus foetus. 

analogy, n. analogia (ivaKoyia, translated 
by Cicero comparatio proportioque) , similitudo. 
analogous, adj. analogus, similis. 

analysis, n. explicatio, explkalioet enodatio, 
expositio. analyze, v.tr. explicare, expedire, 
quasi in membra aiscerpere. 

anapaest, n. anapaestus. 

anarchy, n. licentla, pertnrbatio omnium 
rerum, turba et confusin ; — (as a social state). 
ciintos in qua" libido mullitudinis pro legibus est. 
anarchical, adj. legibus covens. Adv. sine 
legibus. 

anathema, n. in civil affairs, to put a person 
under — , aqud et igni interdicere alci; devotio, 
anathema, -atis. 

anatOir>y, n. anatomia; to practise — , inse- 
cure aperireque humana corpora, anatomicrl, 
adj. anatomicus. anatomize, v.tr. incidcrt 
corpus wortui, rescindire urtus cuduveris. ana- 
tomist, n. qui incidit, etc. 

ancestor, n. unctor generis or gentis (■= 
founder of a clan or family), unus e majoribus 
(=a forefather), ancestors, ancestry, n. 
priores, majores, patres. ancestral, adj. avipu, 
proavitus. 

anchor, I. n. ancora ; to cast ^, ancoram 
jacire; the — holds, ancora subsistit ; to lie at 
— , consiste're in ancoris or ad ancoras; to raise 
— , ancoram or ancoras tollire or solvere; fig. 
spes, auxilium (e.g. curia summum anxilium 
omnium gentium, = the senate was the chief — 
of all rations). II, v. tr. nuvemud ancoras deli- 
gare. III. v.intr. see Lie at — . anchorage, 
n, statio. 

ancient, adj. antiquns ( a that which has 
been of old), veins ( a that which lias existed 
long), priscus(= primitive), lnveteratus(~ grown 
Old), obsoletus ( = obsolete) ; the — s, vetercs, 



antiqui, prisci, majores (= forefathers). Adv. 
olim, aiiteu, antiquitus, patntm menlorid. 

and, conj. et, que (enelit. unites things that 
are aiike at least in aim and tendency, e.g. explo- 
ratores centurionesque), utque, uc (only before con- 
sonants). Sometimes "and'' does not appear 
(e.g. horse and man, equi viri ; men and women, 
viri muliercs ; also palri a lahonbus, consiliis, 
periculis meis servata est = my native land 
has been saved by my labours, counsels, and 
dangers). Sometimes you must use the relative 
instead of the copula (e.g. renit nuntius tpii 
nuntiabat) ; also the participle (e.g. prodiens haec 
locutus est, he went forward and said these 
things) ; so urbe relictd in villain se recepit = he 
left the city and betook himself to his country- 
seat. Also a conjunction (e.g. Xanthippus cum 
Carthaginiensibus auxilio missus esset, fortiler se 
defendit = Xan. was sent to assist the C. and 
bravely defended himself). And also, et quorpie, 
nee non, idemque or et idem (e.g. musicus idemipte 
philosophus) ; and so, itaque ; and yet, et tamen ; 
and not, neque, nee, et non (the former to negative 
a sentence ; the latter, a word) ; and yet, nee(e.g. 
quidam se simulant scire, nee quidquam scinnt, 
some pretend to know, and yet know nothing) ; 
and no one or nothing, nee quisquam, quidquam ; 
and never, nee unquam (umq.); = but, autem 
(e.g. I do this, and you that, ego hoc facio, tv 
autem, etc.). 

anecdote, n. dictum, fabula, fabella. 

anemone, n. anemone, -es, f. 

anew, adv. denuo, de or ab integro. 

angel, n. angelus. 

anger, I. n. ira, iracundia, bilis(— the gall), 
stomachics (= temper), indignutio; outbreaks of 
— , irae, iracundiae ; from — , prae ira; in or 
through — , per iracundiam, iratus, cum ird. 
II. v.tr. lacessere, iram, bilem or slomachum alci 
morere. angry, adj. iratus, ird incensus, accen- 
sus, or inflammatns, iracundus ; to make angry, 
iram ov bilem or stomachum alci morere. Adv. 
irate, iracunde. 

angle, I. n. 1, ungulus ; 2, = an instru- 
ment for fishing, hamus. II. v.tr. 1, piscari, 
hamo pieces capire, arundine pisces capture; 
2, fig. to — after, alqd capture, cucupari ; see 
Fish, angler, n. piscator. 

anglican, adj. use Britannicus. 

anguish, n. cruciatus, -its, tormentum, dolor; 
see Ache. 

angular, adj. angularis, angulatus. 

animadvert, v.tr. 1, = to observe or con- 
sider, animadrertere, cognoscere, sentire, videre, 
perspicere, (ob)serrare ; 2, = to punish, punire, 
in alqm animadrertere ; 3, = to criticize, 
judicure. 

animal, I. n. animal, bestia (opp. homo), belua 
( = one of the larger animals), pecus, \ lecudis, f. ( = 
a head of cattle, opp. to pecus, peeoris, n. = a 
flock) ;(fie/wa)/«r«(=wild— ); a little— ,bestiola. 
II. adj. by circumloc. (e.g. — life, vita quae eor- 
pore et spiritu continetur) or merely eorpue, opp. 
animus, (e.g. animal pleasures, corporis volup- 
tates); a peculiar to animals, belitarum or pecu- 
dum (e.g. hoc est beluarnm). animalcule, n. 
by circumloc. animal exigui corporis, etc. 

animate, I. v.tr. 1, = to give life to, ani- 
mare ; 2, fig. a to make lively, exciture, incitnre; 
— his courage, unimnm eriQ&rc. II. adj. oni- 
malis, animutus. animated, adj. 1, lit. ani' 
mnhts ; 2, fig. = lively, vegelws, placer; — by 
anything, alqd re ince'nsus. animation, n. 
alacritas, vehementia. 



an) 



641 



api 



animosity, n. odium, invidia, ira, simttllas. 

ankle, ankle-bone, n. talus, anklet, 

n. periscelis, -idis, f. 

annals, 11. annaks, -ium, m., monumenta 
rerum gestarum. 

annex, v.tv. 1, = to add to, alqd alci rei or ad 
alqd (adjjungere, adders. 2, = to conquer, alqd 
alci rei s'ub(j)iccre ; to — a country, in ditionem 
sudm redigere. annexation, n. 1, adjunctio, 
accessin, appositia ; 2, of a town, expttgnatio (by 
storm). 

annihilate, V.tr. deters, ex(x)tinguere (as a 
light, e.g. alcjs salutem), ercidere, tollere, fim- 
ditus tollere. ' annihilation, n. ex(s)tindin, 
inteHlns, -us, exeidium. 

anniversary, n. sacra, -arum, auniversaria 
(=; festival), festi tlies anniversarii. 

annotate, v.tr. annotare (Pliu.). annota- 
tion, n. annotatio. 

announce, v.tr. (repvuntiars, indicate. 
announcement, n, (repmntiatio. 

annoy, v.tr. molesliam alci afferre or exhibere, 
vexare, torquSre; — with requests, alqm precibus 
fatigare. annoyance, n. 1, mokstia.vexalio, 
cruciatus, -lis ; 2, = a trouble, onus, -cris, n., in- 
commodum. 

annual, adj. a n nu us,anniversarius( = taking 
place every year). Adv. quota nnis. annuity, 
7i. annua petunia. annuitant, n. qui an- 
nuatn pectin iam accipit. 

annul, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. legem tollere, abro- 
aare, abolere; to — a contract (dis)solvere. 2, 
in gen. tollere, delere. 

anr. iilar, adj. in orbem circumactus. 

anodyne, n. quod dolorem mitigat. 

anoint, v.tr. unguere. anointing, n. 

vnctio. 

anomaly, n. anomalia (Varr.). anomal- 
ous, adj. anomalus (Gram.). 

anon, adv. brevi (tempore), mox; ever and — , 
interdutn. 

anonymous, adj. sine nomine; — poems, 
carmina incertis auctoribus vulgata. 

another, pron. alius; at — time, alio tern- 
pore; — Cato ( = a new), novus Cato ; one says 
one thing, another — , alius aliud dicit ; one 
— , alius alium, inter se. (e.g. they fear one — , 
inter se timent), or (of two persons) alter— 
alterum. 

answer, I. n. 1, in gen. responsum ; 2, to a 
charge, defensia, exensatio ; 3, a written — , rescrip- 
turn ; 4, of an oracle, oracitltim, sors, sortis, f. ; 5, — 
to prayer, alqd precibus impetratum. II. v.tr. 1, in 
gen. alqd alci or ad alqd respondere ; 2, by letter, 
alqd alci rescribrrc ; 3, to a charge, se defenders, 
excusare; 4, of an oracle, responsum dare ; to bo 
answered, mihi respoiiditiir; to — toone's name, 
ad nometi respondere ; to — an objection, abpl 
refutare ; to — for, alqd praestare, see Surety ; 
to — to, alci rei respondere ; see Agree. III. 
v.intr. = succeed, res alci succedit, bene evetiire. 
answerable, adj. 1, = agreeing with, alci 
rei conveniens, conyrueus, consentaneus. 2, = 
accountable, alcjs rei auctor, alqd praestans ; — 
to anyone, qui alci de alqd re rationcm reddit. 

ant, n. formica, anthill, formicarum cuni- 
cuius. 

antagonist, n. adversaritts (in every rela- 
tion), qui contra dicit, qui contra disputat, qui alci 
cutversatur; iste( — the opponent in a law-suit); 
see Adversary. 

antarctic, adj. 1, lit. antarclicvs (late) ; 
2, fig- gelidissimus. 

21 



antecedent, adj. anlecedens, praecedens, 
prior; antecedents, antccedentia, -ium, pi., prae- 
terita, -orum, pi. (= past events). Adv. antea, 
prius. 

antechamber, n. vestibulum (= the open 
place in front, of a Roman house where visitors 
assembled). 

antechapel, n. pronaus. 

antediluvian, adj. 1, = old, priscus, anlir 
qvus ; 2, = old-fashioned, obsolttus. 

antelope, n. see Dicer. 

antenna, n. corniculum (V\in.). 

anterior, adj. antecedens, praecedens, prior, 
superior, proximus. 

anthem, n. cantus, -iis. 

anthropoid, adj. homiui similis. 

anthropomorphic, adj. Deum humanum 
corpus habere fingens. 

anticipate, v.tr. 1, anticipare ( = to do 
before), praecipere; 2, ex(s)pectare (= expect). 
anticipation, n. 1, = expectation, ex(s)pectu- 
tio, spes ; 2, = a doing beforehand, by verb, 
Anticipate. 

antics, n. ludi,joca, -orum,ridicula, -orum, 
mtgae. 

antidote, n. antidotus, antidotum (Cels.), 
remedium ; against anything, alcjs rei or ad. 

antipathy, n.l, of things, rerum discordia, 
repugnantia ; 2, of persons, odium. 

antipodes, n. 1, lit. antipodes, -um (late) ; 
2, tig. = the opposite, by adj. adders its, con- 
tra rius. 

antiquary, antiquarian, n. rerum auti- 
quorum sludiosus. antiquated, adj. obsoletns. 
antique, I. adj. antiquus. II. n. opus anti- 
quum, res antiqua, monumenturn antiquum, an- 
tiquity, n. antiquitas. 

antithesis, n. 1, rhet. t.t. content io; 2, 
fig. = the opposite, contrarium. 

antler, n. cornu. 

anvil, n. incus, -udis, f. 

anxiety, n. angor, anxietas, pavor, sol(l)ici- 
tudo, trepidatio.iimor. anxious, adj. a?u:ii<s, 
sol(ljicitus ; to be — , de alqd re anxium esse, 
angi. Adv. anxie, sol(l)icite. 

any, I. pron. quisquam (hi neg. sentences and 
questions) ; cruilibel, quivis( = any you please); 
quis (only after si, ne, num, quo, qttanto, nisi); 
ecquis (in impassioned questions). II. adj. 
ullus (in neg. sentences and questions), tftiilibet, 
quids (= any you please), ecqui (in impassioned 
questions) ; — one, aliqnis, quispiam ; at — turn, 
aliquando, qnando (after si, ne, num); unqttam 
(in neg. questions and sentences); — where. 
alicubi, ubivis, usquam (in neg. questions and 
sentences). 

apace, adv. ecleriter. 

apart, adv. by prefix se (e.g. se— cerncre), 
separatim. apartment, n. see Room. 

apathy, n. socordia (not in Cic. or Caes.), 
nequitia. apathetic, adj. hebes; sec Laky. 

ape, I. n simia; a litHe — , simiolus. II. 
v.tr. abpn imitari ; sec Imitate. 

aperient, n. and adj. by alvi dejectionem 
(aim) purgationem (petere, etc.). 

aperture, n. see Oteninq. 

apex, n. apex. 

aphorism, n. sententia, dictum, elogium, .-. 

apiary, n. alrearium, mellarium. 

apiece, adv. by distrib. numeral (e.g. deni, 
ten-). 



apo 



642 



are 



apologist, n. defensor, apology, h. 1, 
s= defence, defensio; 2, = excuse, excvsatio. 
apologize, v.intr. alqd exatsare. apolo- 
getical, adj. by verb, qui se excusat, etc. 
apologue, n. apolagus. 

apophthegm, n. elagium, sententia, dictum. 

apoplexy, n. apopUxis, apoplexia (late), 

apostle, n, apostolus. 

apostrophe, n. 1, rliet. t.t. apostrophe; 2, 
grammat. t.t. apostrophis (late), apostro- 
phize, v.tr. see Address. 

apothecary, n. medicus. 

appal, v.tr. terrere; see Frighten. 

apparatus, n. apjxiratus, -us. 

apparel, n. i^estis, vestimentitm. 

apparent, adj. 1, = evident, manifeslus, 
apertus, clams; to make — , patefacere, aperire; 
2, opp. to real, opinatus, Jictus, simulatus. Adv. 
aperto, manifeste, evidenter. apparition, n. 

I, = appearance, advent us, -its ; 2, = a spectre, 
alcjs simulacrum, species. 

appeal, I. v.intr. 1, legal t.t. alqm appellare. 
ad alqm provocare ; 2, = to refer to, alqm testari. 

II. n. 1, appellatio, prorocatio ; court of — , 
judices penes quos provocatio est; 2,= entreaty, 
preces, -iim, t, deprecatio. appealing, adj. 
supplex ; in an — voice, suppliciter. 

appear, v.intr. 1, = become visible, appar- 
ere, in conspectum venire, conspiri (= to be seen), 
se offerre ; it — a to me, mihi videt.nr; to — pub- 
licly, in publicum prodire; to — , = to lie present, 
adesse ; — to exist, ex{s)istere ; to — in court, in 
judicium venire : 2, = to seem, rideri. ap- 
pearance, n. i, — arrival, adventns, -vs ; 2, 
legal t.t. — surety, vadimonium ; 3, = a thing 
shown, ? - es objecta, visum, species; 4, = personal 
— , corporis habitus, -us ; in — , = under pretext 
of, sub specie; to put on an — , slmulare (with 
ace. and infin.) ; in all — , verisimillimum est 
(with ace. and infin.). 

appease, v.tr. 1, = — a deity, placare ; 2, = 
— a man, placare, (re)conciliare ; 3, =to — 
hunger, famem explere, depellere. appeasable, 
adj. placabilis ; — in character, -ingenium placa- 
biie. appeasement, n. placalio, reconciliatio. 

appellant, n. qui provocat. 

append, v.tr. adder e, adjwng&re, figure, 
(afyigire alqd alci rei, allignre. alqd ad rem. ap- 
pendage, -ant, n. appendix, -ids, f., accessio, 
alqd alci rei additum. appendix, n. appendix, 
additamentum ; — of a book, quaedam K&ro 
addita. See Add, Attach. 

appertain, v.tr. see Belong. 

appetite, 1, physical, fames, -is ; to have 
no — , cibum fastidire ; 2, — desire for, alcjs 
cupiditas, aviditas, appelitus, -us. 

applaud, v.tr. (ap)plaudere alci, plausu or 
plansibus alqm ercij/:re. applause, n. («p)- 
plavsus, -us; see Praise. 

apple, n. malum; — tree, mains, f. 

apply, I. v.tr. 1, = to put or fit to, alqd alci 
rei or ad alqd applicare, aptare, accovimodare ; 2, 
= to use for, mllocare in alqtX re, conferre ait alqd, 
trihvpre alqd alci rei, nlqd ad alqd dirfgire, (ron)- 
vertcre. II. v.intr. = to turn or go to, se conver- 
tire, conferre ad alqm, adire or oonvenire alqm, 
appellare alqd, confugcre ail alqm, sc appli- 
care ad alqm. appliance, n. apparatus, -us, 
instrumentum. application, n. 1, = request, 
address, appellatio, provocatio, petitio ; 2, = 
putting to, adjunctio, conjunctions-) - , 3, — of 
the mind, cinimi intentio, diligentia ; 4, = of a 
■word, significa.tio. applicable, adj. utilis; 
to be — to anything, ad alqd pi rtinrre. 



appoint, v.tr. constituerc, destinare (= id 
make fast), designare (= to order), cligcre (— to 
choose) ; to — a day, diem statuere, constitv.ere, 
dicire. appointment, n. 1, = designation, by 
verb; e.g. — of consuls, consulcs designare; 2, 
— an office, munus, -eris, n. ; 3, = command, 
jussum, mandatum ; 4, = agreement to meet, by 
verb, cum alqo convenirc ut. 

apportion, v.tr. dispertire, distribvire, dis- 
pensare, disponere, assignare(e.g. multibus agros). 

apposite, adj. conveniens, accommodatus. 
Adv. convenienter, accommodate. 

appraise, v.tr. = to fix the value of, aesti- 
mare, censere (the censor's act). See Value. 

appreciate, v.tr. aestimare; — highly, 
alqm magni faccre. 

apprehend, v.tr. 1, = to lay hold on, pre- 
hendere, apprehendere ; 2, = to take in mentally, 
comprehendere, complect i (avimo or mentc), cogita- 
tione (mente) concipere, intellegere ; 3 = fear ; see 
Fear, apprehension, n. 1, = arrest, com- 
prehensio ; 2, =mental — , comprehensio, intel- 
legentia (intellig.); 3, = fear, timor; see Fear. 
apprehensive, adj., see Timid. 

apprentice, I. n. alci (e.g. svtori) addictiu. 
II. v.tr. alqm alci addiccre. 

approach, I. v.intr. ad alqm or alqd ac- 
cedcre, alci or old rei appropinqvare ; of time, 
appropinquare ; to — the truth, propc ad veri- 
tatem accedere, a veritate non multum (diesse. II, 
n. appropinquatin, adventns, -us, aditHS, -us. 

appropriate, I. v.intr. l, = to give, alqd 
(dei dedicare; 2, = to claim, alqd sihi or ad se. 
rindicare, alqd sihi arrogare, alqd sinrm facerr. 
II. adj. atl alqd or alci rei idoneus, uptus, accom- 
modatus, cum alqd re conveniens, congrueiis. Adv. 
accommodate, convenienter. appropriation, 
n. 1, legal t.t. (agrorum) assignatio, (bonorum) 
additio ; 2, in gen. by verb Appropriate. 

approve, v.tr. 1, in gen. (com)probare ; 2, = 
legal t.t. alqd rat urn facere or ratttm esse jubere, 
sancire; 3, =to — oneself, se (fidum, etc.) 
praeblre. approved, adj. probatus, spectatus. 
approver, n., legal t.t. index, -icis, in. and f. 
approval, n. see Approbation, approba- 
tion, n. (com)prolmtio ; with someone's — , alqo 
auctore, alcjs auctoritate, pace tvd, sud, etc.; 
without — , alcjs injussu, sine alcjs auctoritate. 

approximate, v.tr. & adj. see Approach, 

Near. 

April, n. Aprilis (mensis) ; to make an — '• 
fool of, alqm Ivdibrio habere. 
apron, n. subligaculum. 

apt, adj. 1, see Appropriate ; 2, = ready, 
liabilis ; — to learn, docilis. Adv. convenienter ; 
= cleverly, perite, collide, aptitude, n. facul- 
tas (with gen. or adj.). 

aquatic, aqueous, adj. aquatilis. aque- 
duct, n. aquae ductus, -us ; also aqua alone ; to 
form an — for the city, aquam in urbem ducere. 

aquiline, adj. adunms. 

arable, adj. araMUs. See Plough. 

arbiter, n. arbiter, disceptator. 

arbitrate, v.tr. alqd disceptare, dijudicare. 
arbitration, n. arbitrinm. arbitrary, adj. 

1, = unbounded, infinitus, summits; 2, = capri- 
cious, inconstans ; 3= proud, superbus. Adv. 
Buperbe. arbitrariness, n. superbia. 

arbour, n. umbraculum, ramorum nexus, -its. 

arc, n. orcus, -its. arcade, n. portions, -iis, f, 

arch, I. i). areas, -vs, fornix. II. v.tr. 
arcvare, conformicare. III. v.intr. arcuarl; see 
Ci'RVK. IV. adj. prtitlnm. V. in conip. ; - 



are 



643 



asc 



chief; —angel, * arehangelus ; — bishop, *archi- 
episcopus (Eccl.). 

archaeology, h. rerum antiquarum scien- 
lia. archaism, n. verbum obsoletum. 

archer, n. Sagittarius, archery, n. by 

verb (e.g. angiitis alqd petere). 

architect, n. =: master builder, archi- 
tectus. architecture, n. arcliitectura. 

archives, n. 1, (private) tab(u)linwn= the 
place where papers are kept; 2, (public) tabulae 
publicae. 

arctic, adj. septentrionalis(e.g. regio, occasus). 

ardent, adj. ardent, fervens, acer. Adv. 
aeriter, ardenter. 

ardour, n. ardor, fervor, aestus, -us. 

arduous, adj. arduus, difficilis. 

area, n. superficies. 

arena, n. arena (lit. and fig.). 

argue, v.tr. 1, = to dispute, verbis con- 
tendere, concertarc, disputare ; 2, = to give or 
draw a conclusion, arguere, condudere, colligere. 
argument, 1, in gen. argumentum ; 2, = sub- 
ject-matter, sententia, argumentum. 

arid, adj. aridus, siccus. 

aright, adv. recte, bene. See Rioht. 

arise, v.intr. emergere(= to come up out of), 
exorin, ex(s)istere (of distinguished men). See 
Risk. 

aristocrat, n. 1, = a noble, unus e nobili- 
bus or patriciis ; 2, = defender of the aristocracy, 
optimatium fautor. aristocracy, n. 1, = the 
nobles, optimates, -(i)um, m. and {., patricii, 
mobiles : 2, = a form of government, optimatium 
domimtus, -us. aristocratical, adj. quod 
ad optimates pertinet, or by gen. optimatium. 

arithmetic, n. arithmetice, -es, f., or arith- 
metica, -ae, f., or arithmctica, -orum, arith- 
metical, adj. arithmeticus. arithmetician, 
n. arithmeticus. 

ark, n. area. 

arm, I. n. 1. lit. brachium (from the elbow- 
to the wrist) ; lacertus (from the elbow to the 
shoulder) ; bone of — , radius brachii ; to take 
into — s, alqm complecti ; to sink into anyone's 
— s, manibus alcjs excipi; 2, fig. (of the sea), 
brachium: (of a hill), ramus; (of a harbour), 
cornu. II. v.tr. armare, lit. and fig. Ill, 
v.intr. armari, arma capere. armed adj 
armatus. arm-chair, n. use sella (= chair)' 
or kctus, torus (= couch), armistioe, n. in. 
dutiae. armour, n. arma, -orum, pi. ; _ 
bearer, armiger. armourer, n. faber armo- 
rum. arm-pit, n. ala. armoury, n. ar- 
mamentarium, arms, n. arma, -orum tela 
-orum (of missiles esp., but also of swords, etc.)' 
without arms, iacrmis; to run to — , ire ad 
arma; to — ; ad arma! to lay down — , arma 
deponere; to be under — , in amis esse; to 
bear — against, arma fern contra alqm; to 
enter a country in — , arma inferre terrac. 
army, n. exercitus, -us, copiac, milites, -urn, 
vu-es, -turn, f. ; — in marching array, agmen ; — 
m battle-array, acies. 

aromatic, adj. odorus, odoratus, suavis. 

around, I. adv. circa, dram; in composi- 
tion with a verb, circum (e.g. to look — , circum- 
spuxre). II. prep, circa, circum witli accus. 
See A no it. 

arouse, v.tr. 1, lit. (e somno) excitare; 2, 
ng. excitare, (compnovcre. 

arraign, v.tr., see Accuse. 

arrange, v.tr. ordinare, componere, dispon- 
ire; — m order of battle, aciem instrulre, collo- 



care, eonsliluert, instruere ; to — troops, capias 
instruere. arrangoment, n. 1, rhet t.t. 
comjwsitio, dispositio (of words or sentences) ; 2, 
in gen. constitutio, ratio ; by part. (e.g. a good 
— of anything, res bene disposita, instructa, 
etc.). 

arrant, adj. by superl. or summus. Adv. 
superl. ofudv. or turpi ter, foede. 

array, I. n. 1, see Arrangement ; 2, 
battle — , acies; 3, = dress, vestis. II. v.tr. 
1, see Arranoe ; 2, = to dress, vestire ; fig. 
ornare, vestire. 

arrears, n. pecuniae residuae; to be in — 
with, legal t.t. alqd reliquare (Jet.). 

arrest, v.tr. comprehendere, in vinculo- 
con(j)icere; to put under — , ■ compreliendere, 
in custodiian dare. 

arrive, v.intr. advenire,pervenire,adventare. 
arrival, n. adventus, -its, acctssus, -us. 

arrogant, adj. arrogans, insolens, superbus, 
elatus alqd re. arrogance, n. arroganlia, su- 
perbia. Adv. arroganter, superbe. arrogate, 
v.tr. sibi arrogare, (as)sumere. 

arrow, n. sagitta. 

arsenal, n. armamentarium; naval — , 
navalia, -ium. 

arsenic, n. arsenicum. <■ 

arsis, n. sublatio (Quint), nrsu (late). 

art, n. 1, — skill, ars, artificium. ; merely 
mmtal, sciciitia, pertiia, studium alcjs rei ; 2,— aii 
—, ars (e.g. pingemU),disciplina; the Rue— s, arte* 
ingenuae ; — and sciences, stadia et artes ; 3, = 
a trick, ars; by — or cra{t,per dolam et fraiutem. 
artful, adj. callidus, versutus, vafer, aslutus. 
Adv. astute, callide. artfulness, n. astutia, 
dolus, artificer, n. 1, in gen. artifex; 2, — 
creator, auctor. artificial, adj. artificiosus. 
Adv. arte or per artem. artisan, n. opifex, faber. 
artist, n. pveta, pictor, etc., or opifex = artisan, 
as among the Romans art was not always in- 
cluded in the artes liberales. artistic, adj. 
(in^enHarnm.) artium amator or studiosus. ar- 
tistically, adv. arte, summa arte, artless, 
adj. simplex, ingenuns. Adv. ingenue, simpliciter, 
sine arte, artlessness, n. simplicitas. 

artichoke, n. cinara (Col.). 

article, I. n. 1, in gen. res; 2, = condi- 
tion, condicio (e.g. jxwis); 3, = law, lex (e.g. lex- 
■militaris). II. v.tr., see Apprentice. 

articulate, I. v.tr. prontunUan. II. adj. 
clarus. Adv. dare, articulation, n. 1, of 
words, pronuntiatio ; 2, of limbs, artus, -uum, 
urticatus. 

artillery, n. (=the larger offensive weapons) 
tormenta -orum, (comprising the ktllistae and 
catapultae). 

as, adv. and conj. 1, in gen. by double compara- 
tive (e.g. he is not — brave as ho is good, vielior 
est quamfortior); idem (he is — friendly as ever, 
idem est amicus qui, etc.), aeque cum, a'lqo or et, 
atque; et — et(=— well as); — far as I can, 
quoad ejusfacere possum; — quickly as possible, 
quam cchrrime; — much again, alteram tan- 
turn; — many as, quotcumque; — far as I 
know, quod sciam ; 2, = like, insta>\ alcjs rei, 
tanquam, ui or by adv. (e.g. to behave as a fool; 
stulte) ; by a noun in apposition (Caesar — con- 
sul, Caesar consul); 3, as to, de alqd re, ad alqd; 
quod ad alqd pertimt ; 4, of time, ubi, ut, cum 
(<Zuo»i); — often — , quotie(n)s tolie(n)s ;■ ~- long " 
— , tarn diu — quam; — soon — , simul ac; 5, 
causal, quoniam (indie), cum (subj.) ; 6,= as 
if, tanquam (tamqj si, won aliter quam si. .' 

ascend, v.tr. in or ad alqd a(d)scendire- 



aso 



644 



aat 



ascension, n. a(d)scensus, -us: ascent, n. 1,= 
a hiil, locus editus ; 2, a going up, a(d)sccnsus, -us. 

ascendancy, n. praestantia. 

ascendant, n. by adj. summus ; to be in 
the — , praevalcre, alci alqd re praestarc ; his star 
Is in the — , summam gloriam adeptus est. 

ascertain, v.tr. explorare, rem explaratam 
habere. 

ascetic, n. qui cibo abstinet. 

ascribe, v.tr. alqd alci or alcirei, a(d)scribere, 
tribuere, (uljungere ; — great value to, magnum 
■pretium statnere rei. 

ash, I. li. fraxinus, f. II. adj. fraxineus. 

ashamed, adj. pudore affectus ; to be — , 
pudet alqm alcjs rei or inflri. 

ashes, n. cinis, -eris, in., fuvilla ; to reduce 
to — , ad or in cinerem redigcre; to lie in sack- 
cloth and — , sordidatum or atratum esse, ashy, 
adj. cinereus. 

ashore, adv. 1, of rest, in litore ; 2, of 
motion, in litus or tcrram ; to go — , (e nave) 
exire ; to put men — , exponere. 

aside, adv. seorsum, ex obliquo ; to go — , 
secedere; to Ci.ll — , alqm sevocare ; to lay — , alqd 
seponere. 

ask,' v.tr. alqm rogare, ex alqo quaerere, ex 
alqo sciscitari, alqm alqd orare, petere, poscere, 
flagilare (repeatedly) ; to — a price, indicare. 

askance, adv. oblique ; to look — at, alq. . 
limis oculis a(d)spicere. 

aslant, adv. oblique, ex transversa. 

asleep, adj. dormiens, in somno, persamnum. 

asp, n. aspts, -idis, f., vipera. 

aspect, n. 1, in gen. a(d)spectus, -lis, conspec- 
tus, -iis; 2 (in astrology), aspectus siderum ; 3, 
= condition, status, -iis, ratio, condicio. 

asperity, n, asperilas, acerbilas. 

asperse, v.tr. a(d)si>ergere, both lit. and fig. 
aspersion, n. 1, lit. a(d)spersio ; 2, fig. calum- 
nia, opprobrium ; to cast an — , calumninri. 

asphalt, n. bitumen. 

aspirate, I. n. a(d)spiralio. II. v.tr. a{d)s- 
pirare. 

aspire, v.intr. ad alqd a(d)spirarc, alqd seqtii 
or j>ersequi, eniti, contendere, ojteram dare lit. 
aspiration, n. after anything, alcjs rei ap- 
petitio, contentio. 

ass, n. 1, asinus; a little — , asellus; a female 
— , asina ; 2, as a term of contempt, homo still- 
tissimus. ass-driver, n. asinarius. 

assail, v.tr. to — a town, oppngnnre. as- 
sailant, u. qui alqm adoritur. assault, I. 
n. 1. in gen. impetus, -its, inenrcus, -its ; 2, = — 
of a town, oppugnatio ; 3, legal t.t. to charge 
with — , alqm de vi reum facere ; to commit an 
alci vimafferre. II. v.tr. see Attack. 

assassin, n. stearins, assassination, n. 

etudes facta ; toaceuse of — , accusare Inter stearics, 
assassinate, v.tr. alqm ex tnsidiis interfictre. 

assay, v.tr. see Try, Attempt. 

assemble, I. v.tr. cagcre, congregarc, m,>- 
vocare, cantrahe.re ; to — the people, contionem 
convocare ; W» — troops, copias in nnum locum 
cogere. II., r.intr. cogi, congregari, convenire, 
coire, confluere. assembly, n. congregatio, 
cohvocatio ; = the people assembled, conventus, 
•iis, coetus, -us, conlio. 

assent, l.n. assensio, assensm, -its. II. v.intr. 
asstntire • — to anything, rei assenliri, asstntari, 
alqd or de alqd re, cum alqo or inter se, convenire ; 
to nod — , annuere. 

assert, v.tr. (as an opinion) tenure, conten- 



dere, affirmare, asseverare, dicere ; to — yotlV 
right, jus tena-e. assertion, n. 1, stntentia, 
tpinio, affirmatio ; 2, = maintenance, defensio, 
vindicatio ; see Affirm. 

assess, v.tr. tribulum alci impouerc, censere; 
to be — ed at anything, alqd conferre. assess- 
ment, n. aes«uHrt<io(=actof — )tributum, vecti- 
gul (= tax), assessor, n. assessor ; — of taxes, 
censor, assets, n. by bona, -orum. 

assever, v. see Assert. 

assiduous, adj. assiduus,sedulns,industrius, 
acer, impiger, diligens. Adv. impigre, assidue, 
Industrie, acriler, diligenter. assiduity, n. 
assiduitas, sedulitas. 

assign, v.tr. alci alqd assignare, attribuere. 
assignation, n. 1, assignatio, attributio ; 2, 
= appointment, constiluhtm; to keep an — , ad 

constihitum venire. 

assimilate, v.tr. 1, alqd cum alqd re (ad)ae- 
quare, alqd alci rei similem facire ; 2, = to digest, 
concoqucrc. assimilation, n. 1, aequalitas ; 
2, concoctio. 

assist, v.tr. anxilio (dci esse, auxilium ferre, 
apitulari (— to bring aid), subvenire,adessealci(— 
to stand by a person), assistance, n. auxilium 
or adjnmentum ; to implore anyone's — , alcjs 
fidem implorare. assistant, n. adjutor, adju- 
trix ; — teacher, hypodidascalus, adjutor; = 
colleague, collega, m. ; see Help. 

associate, I. v.tr. faedus facere (= to make 
an alliance), comitem (socitim) se alci adjungere, se 
conjungere. II. v.intr. = to be associated, 
foedere conjungi, esse cum alqo ; like — s with like, 
pares cuni paribus facillime congregantw. III. 
n. socins, sodalis, comes, -itis, m. and f., conscius. 
association, n. societas, sodalitas, collegium ; 
see Assembly. 

assort, v.tr. (in gm.)digerere. assortment, 

n. apparatus, -us, numcrus or by part. (e.g. 
res or merces collectae, digestae, etc.) ; see Allot, 
Apportion. 

assuage, v.tr. mitigare, lenire, sedare. as- 
suagement, ii. miligalio. 

assume, v.tr. 1, = take to oneself, alqd 
sibi vindicare, sibi arrogate, sumere, occupare ; 
2, =s to take for granted, pone re ; this being 
assumed, hoc posito or conccsso. assumption, 
n. 1, = a taking, usitrpatio; 2, = arrogance, i?i- 
solentia, arrayunlia, superbia: 3, = postulate, 
by part. (e.g. hoc posito); this is a mere — , hoc 
non est conjirmtdum. 

assure, v.tr. = to assert the certainty of, 
( pro certn) affirmare, asseverare ; be assured, creile 
mihi. assurance, see Statement, Impudence. 
assured, adj. = fearless, secmus; = certain, 
certus, spectallis. Adv. certo, certe, hand dubie. 

astern, adv. in or a puppe. 

asthma, n. dyspnoea (Plin.). asthmat- 
ic, adj. asthmatieus (Plin.). 

astonish, v.tr. perturbare, conturbare. as- 
tonished, adj. atlonitus ; to be — ,stupefaclnm 
esse. astonishing, adj. mirabilis, minis, 
mirific/llS. Adv. mire, mirifice, miribiliter. 
astonishment, n. stupor, (ad)miratio. 

astound, v.tr. see Astonish. 

astray, adv. vage ; to be — , errare, vagari. 

astringent, adj. a(d)strictorins. astrln- 
gency, n. a{d)strictio. 

astrologer, n. astrologns, Chaldaeus. as- 
trology, n. astrologia. 

astronomer, n. astroldgus. astronomy, 

astrologia. 

astute, adj. astvtiis, callidite. 



asu 



645 



aut 



asunder, adv. uorswai; in comp. by id's or 
se (e.g. discurrere, sewcare). 

asylum, n. asylum. 

at, prep. 1, of place, ad, apttd, juxtu (with the 
ace us. e.g. ad ostium, = at the door ; ad port ax, — 
at the gate; ml Can nan = at Cannae); by the 
abl. with or without in, (hi) urbe, = at the city ; 
(in) initio, = at t lie beginning ; or by the ohl 
locative case, liomae, = at Home; I.oiulini, = at 
London ; Uudibus, = at Cadiz ; so domi, militias, 
= at home, at service, etc. ; 2, of time, abl. eodem 
tempore, — at the same time ; ad meridiem, — at 
midday ; by occus. with apud, at my liouse, apud 
me; = during, inter; at dinner, inter cenam 
(coen.); at once, statin ; at first, prima, primum; 
at last, postremo, (ad) postremum. 

atheist, n. atheos (or -us), qui Deum esse 
negat. atheism, n. * atheismus, doctrina Deum, 
esse negans ; to hold — , Deum esse negare, nullum 
esse omnino Deum putare. 

athlete, n. athieta, in. 

athwart, adv. transverse, in obliquum ; see 
Across, Askance. 

atlas, n. (in geography), use tabula* geo- 
graph icae. 

atmosphere, n. caelum, atmospheric, 

adj. by the genitive ucris or caeli ; see Air. 
atom, n. 1, phiL t.t. atomus -i, t. ; 2, see 

PlKCE. 

atone, v.tr. ahjd lucre, expiare, alqd (cum) 
alqd re compensare, poenas alcjs rci dare or (ex)- 
pendere. atonement, n. placatio, satisfuctio, 
poena; — reconciliation, reditus, -us ingraliam. 

atrabilious, adj. melancholicus. 

atrocious, adj. nefatulus, nefarius, alrux, 
immanis. Adv. atrociter, nefaric. atrocity, n. 

I, of mental quality, immanitas, atrocitas ; 2, 
= an atrocious thing, res atrox, etc. 

atrophy, n. tabes, -Is, f. 

attach, v.tr. 1, = fasten, figcrc, affiycreulqd 
alci rei, alligare alqd ad rem; 2, = to make 
prisoner, comprehendere, in vincula con(j)icere, 
in custodiam dare; 3, — to make your friend, 
conciliare, abpn sibifacere or reddere amicum ; to 
be — ed, alcjs studiosum esse, attachment, n. 
studium alcjs, amor alcjs or in alqm observ- 
ant ia. 

attack, I. ii. pelitio, impetus, -lis, incursio, in- 
cursus, -fig, excursus, -us, concursus, -us, congressns, 
■its, oppvguatio; at the lirst — , prima impetu, 
primo congressu ; to make an — on the enemy, 
impetum facer e in hostem. II. v.tr. petere, aggredi, 
adoriri ( = to fall on), oppugnure( = to storm), 
procurrere in alqm ( = to rush out on a foe), 
signa inferre in hostem, incurrerc, invehi in 
hostem ; to — with words, dicto or convicio, 
lacessere, alqm insectari ; conscctari, adoriri ; 
to be — ed by a disease, morbo corripi. 

attain, v.tr. alqd assequi, consequi, ad ulqd 
pervenire. attainable, adj. facilis, quod alqs 
facile consequi potest, attainment, n. 1, =the 
getting of anything, adeptio, comjxiralio ; 2, = a 
piece of learning, alcjs rei scientia ; — s, doctrina, 
eruditio. attainder, n, accusatio. 

attempt, I. n. conatus, -us, conata, -orum, 

II. v.tr. tentare, experiri, periclitari. 
attend, v.tr. 1, = to accompany, alqm com- 

ilari, esse alcjs coiuitem ; 2, — to wait upon a 
dignitary, alci apparere; as a servant, alci 
famulari, alqd. alci ministrare ; 3, = to frequent, 
of lectures, etc., alqm audire ; 4, =pay atten- 
tion to, alqd curare ; =to hear, audire, animad- 
verlere ; Attend ! attende ; 5, = be present at, 
adesse (e.g. sacris, public worship), attend- 
ance, n. J, of servants, ministerUm; 2, = pres- 



ence at, by verb aduse; a great — , frequentia, 
attendant, it. 1, = companion, comes, -itis, 
m. and f.,sucius; 2, = scrvant, sevens, minister, 
famulus; 3, — the — sofa great, man, comilutus, 
-us. attention, n. 1, = — of the mind, autmi 
altentio, inteiUio, viyilantia; 2, = diligence, dili- 
gentia, studium; to show — to, alqm colire, ob- 
servare. attentive, adj. assiduus, vigil, dili- 
gens, ultcutus, iiitentus, e rectus; to be — , aitimo 
sequi alqd. Adv. attente, intente. 

attenuate, v.tr. attenuare, extenuare,diluire. 
attenuation, u. extenuutio. 

attest, v.tr. 1, = prove, alqd testificari, (at)- 
testari, testimouio conjirnuire, aid test i mo niu esse; 
2, = to call to witness, alqm testari, testem fucere. 
attestation, n. 1, = giving evidence, tcstifi- 
catio ; 2, =a piece of evidence, testimonium. 

attire, I. v.tr. induere alci veslem or alqm 
vesle ; vestirc. II. n. vestis. 

attitude, n. 1, corporis habitus, -us ; 2 = 
circumstances, cotulicio, status, -iis ; 3, = men- 
tal — , (mentis) ratio. 

attorney, n. procurator. 

attract, v.tr. ullruhere, adse truhere, allicere. 
attraction, U. 1, vis attrahendi; 2, = an at- 
tractive object, oblectamenlum. attractive, 
adj. jucundus, suavis. Adv. juciuule, suaviter. 

attribute, I. n. 1, nota, insigne; to bear 
the — s of royalty, insignibus regiis uti; 2, 
(in gram.) altributio, attribution; 3, = pecu- 
liarity, proprium, natura, vis. II, v.tr. at- 
tribute. 

attrition, n. by verb tcrcre. 

attune, v.tr. lit. and llg., ejjicire ul alqd cum, 
alqd re concinat. 

auburn, adj. ftavus. 

auction, ii. audio ; to sell by — , auctionari ; 
to sell hy public — , hastd posild auctionari; to 
bid at an — ,liccri; to be knocked down at an — , 
alci addici. auctioneer, n. mugister audionis, 
praeco ( — the crier of bids, etc.). 

audacious, adj. procax,prolervus, impudens. 
Adv. impudentcr, proterve. audacity, n. pro- 
cacitas, protervitus, impuilentia. 

audience,' n. 1, = hearing of anyone, ad- 
missio, aditus, -us, ad alqm, colloquium ; 2, 
= hearers, auditores, audientes, corona (esp. of 
crowd round a public speaker) ; a large — , 
(mugna) audienliumfrequentia. audible, adj. 
quod audi ri potest. Adv. clard voce, audit, v.tr. 
rationem ducere, habere, inire, or ra.tiones cum 
ulqoputare. auditor, n. qui rationes ducit. 

augment, v.tr. alqd alqd reaugere, amplifi. 
care, addcre alqd alci rei or cul alqd. augment- 
ation, n. amplificutio, acccssio. 

augur, I. n. augur. II, v.tr. alqd prae. 
diccre, faticinari, augurari. augury, n. 1, = 
a predicting, augurium, vaticinatio, praedictio. 
2,— a thing predicted, omen (=a natural — ), 
praedictum (=a prophecy). 

August, I. n. Augustus, (mensis) Augustus, 
Sextilis. II. adj. augustus (= sacred), illustris, 
magnificus. 

aunt, n. amita (=a father's sister), materlcra 
(=a mother's sister). 

auriferous, adj. aurifer. 

auspice, n. auspicium. auspicious, adj. 
prosper, secundus,faustus. Adv. fauste, prospere. 

austere, adj. austerus, severus, tristis. 
Adv. austere, severe, austerity, n. austeritas, 
severitus. 

authentio, adj. certus, vems, sincerus. Adv. 
certQ auctore. authenticity, u./tc^orHcfortfoj, 



aut 



646 



bai 



' author, n. auctor (= originator); inventor, 
ecriptoT (=a writer), authoritative, adj. 
imperiosiu, arrogans. Adv. arroganter. 

authority, n. auctoritas(by birth, character, 
and office), amplitudo'by office), comb, auctoritas 
utqv.e amplitudo ; dignitas, gravitas (by personal 
worth), gratia; ilominatio (= despotic autho- 
rity) ; the — s = magistrates, vwgistrutus, -us. 
authorize, v.tr. alci mandare ut, alci per- 
mitten, with infin. 

■ autocrat, n. dominus; autocratical power, 
siimma polestas, imperium (summum). 

autograph, I. n. ahjs manu script us. II. 
adj. an — letter, epistida vied ipsius manu scripta. 

autumn, n. autummis, tempus aviumnale; 
— — of life, aetas grandior. autumnal, adj. 
aidum.na.lis. 

auxiliary, I. n. as a city or state, civitas 
fcederata ; in the pi. auxilia (milites) cmxiliures 
( = foreign soldiers who strengthen an army), 
eubsidia, -orum, subsidiarii ( = the reserve of an 
army). II. adj. auxiliaris. 

avail, I. v.intr. valere, praevalerc, obtinlre. 
II. n. utilitas ; to be of much — , multum. apud 
alqm, valere; to make of no — , nonflocci facer e. 

avarice, n. avaritia, cvpiditas, pecnnia. 
avaricious, adj. habendi cupidus, avidior ad 
rem, avurus. Adv. avare. 

avaunt! interj. abi! apage! 

avenge, v.tr. vindicare, ulcisci ; to — oneself 
on anyone, alqm vlcisci pro alq& re. avenger, 
n, ultor, viudcx. 

avenue, n. 1,= approach, aditus,-vs; 2, 
= a shady walk, xystus. 

aver, v.tr. see Affirm, Assert. 

avert, v.tr. alqd ab alga overture, aversari. 
aversion, n. fuga, odium, animus alienus or 
ovenns. averse, adj. ub alqo or alqd re aversus, 
ulienvs. 

aviary, n. aviarium. 

avoid, v.tr. defugere, vitarc, dcclinare. 
avoiding, n. devitatio, fuga. 

avow, v.tr. profiteri, confiteri; prae se ferre. 
avowal, n. confessio. avowed, adj. upertus, 
pennissus. Adv. ttperte. 

await, v.tr. algm or alqd ex(s)pectare, opperirL 

awake, I. v.tr.(,esom>w)rxcitare,(e:c)suscitare. 
II. v.intr. expergiscl, excitari. III. adj. vigi- 
laiu; to be — , vigilare. awakening, n. by 
verb Awake. 

award, I. v.tr. alqd alci udjudkare. II. n. 
ptdicium, urbitrium, addictlo, 

aware, adj. alcjs rex gnarus; to be — ,alqd 
scire, novisse. 

away, adv. procul ; — with ! telle ! avfer ! 
— — you! apage te! go — , olire. In comp. 
with a (e.g. abesse, to be — ). 

awe, I. n. venrratio, religio; to feel —towards, 
rereri alqm. II. v.tr. terrHre ; see Friohten. 
awful, adj. 1, = feeling awe, vcrccundus 
(=shy), pins, religiosity; 2, = terrible, dims, 
atrox,immanis. Adv. 1, with fear, verecunde (— 
shyly), pie, religiose ; 2,= terribly, dire, atrociter. 

awhile, adv. aliquamdiu,paul'l)isper; — ago, 
paul(l)o ante. 

awkward, adj. agrestis, ruslicvs, nulls, 
inscitus. Adv. inscite, notice, awkward- 
ness, n. inscitia. 

awl, n. sulnla (Mart). 

awning, n. velum. 

awry, I. adj. 1, lit. obliquus; 2, fig- per- 
Versus, JI. adv oblique, perverse. 



axe, n. securis, dolabra. 

axiom, n. axioma, -atis, pronuntiatum. 

axis, axle, n. axis, m. 

ay, adv. ita, ita est, recte, certe, vera, sane, 
sane quidem ; often by repeating the verb, e.g, 
will ho come? yes! veniclne? veniet; I say ay. 
aio. 

azure, adj. caeruleus. 



baa, I. v.tr. balare. II. n. balatus, -vs. 

babble, v. blaterare, garrire, ivngari. bab- 
bling, n. garrulitas, loquacitas. babbler, n. 
garrulus, loquax. 

babe, baby, n. infans. 

baboon, n. simia (= ape). 

bacchanal, n. homo Hnolenlusac dissolutus; 
a female — , bucclia. 

bacchic, adj. bucchiens. 

bachelor, n. caelebs. 

back, I. n. 1, tcrgum, dorsum; to lie on the 
— , supimim cubare ; to attack the enemy on tho 
— , hostes aversosaggredi ; (of soldiers) tcrgadarc; 
behind a person's — , clam; 2, = the back part, 
pars posterior ; the — of the head, occipitium. 
II. adv. backwards, rdro, retrorsum ;in comp. 
re (e.g. revocare, to call — ). III. adj. )x>stcrior. 
IV. v.tr. = to move backward, retro mown ; =to 
support, alci favcrc, fautorum esse ; (ad)juvare, 
sustinere (= to help). V. v.intr. se rccipere, re- 
cede re ; to — water, remos or remis inhibere, 
navem retro inhibere. 

backbite, v.tr. old absenti maledicere, alqm 
oblreciare. 

bacon, n. lardum. 

bad, adj. 1 (in a physical sense), mains; bnd 
weather, tempestas mala, adversa, foeda (— foul) ; 
— road, iter difficile, incommodum; — money, 
nummi adultcrini ; in — health, aeger ; to go 
— ,corrumpi; 2, (in a moral sense) mains, ad- 
versus, pravus, turpis, depravatus, neqnam ; — 
times, tempora iniqua (= unfavourable), aspcra 
(= hard) ; = injurious, a — tongue, lingua vw.lc- 
dica. Adv. male, prove, ncquUer, turpiter. 
badness, n. 1, = physical — , by adj., the — of 
anything, res mala ; — of health, aegritudo, aeg- 
rotatio; 2, = moral — ,pravitas, turpitas, ne- 
quitia. 

badge, n. signum, insigne, nota. 

badger, I. n. meles, -is, f. II. v.tr. ve.rure, 
(ex)cruciare. 

baffle, v.tr. eludere, ad vanum, or ad irritum 
■redigcre, disturbare, spem Jallere. 

bag, n. saccus. 

baggage, n. 1, sarcinne, impedimenta, -orum; 

2, =a dissolute woman, scortum. 

bail, I. n. 1, = money given, sponsio, vadi- 
monium, cautio; to offer — , vodimonium pro- 
mittcre; In give — , vadimonmm fatere ; 2, = 
one who gives — , sponsor, vas, -dis, in. II. v.tr. 
alci sponsorem, vadem esse; to accept — , rades 
accipere. 

bailiff, n. 1, = on an estate, procurator, villi- 
cus : 2, — officer of a court of justice, apparitor. 

bait, I. n. 1, for fish, csca ; 2, fig. illecebra ; 

3, = food for horses, cibus. II. v.tr. 1, escam 
(hamo) imponire; 2, = to feed horses, cibum prae- 
bire ; 3,= to worry (bulls, etc.), oanibiisftaurum) 
ventre, laccssere. III. v.intr. = to rest on a 

journey, (aptul alqm) deversari, 



bak 



647 



bas 



bake, I. v.tr. conuire, torrvre. II. v.iutr. = 
to be prepared by Qre, coqwL baking, u. 

cocturu; bakehouse, pistrina; a baker, pistor ; 
baker's business, pistrina. 

balance, I. n, 1, = scales, trutina, libra, 
lanx (=the pan of the scales) ; 2, Dg. uequa- 
litas ; to lose one's — , labi ; — at the bank, 
ptexmtik ia argentaria deposila ; 3, = the re- 
laaiiuler, by adj. rel(l)iquus. II. v.tr. 1, lit. 
aequ is pmder Urns lib rare ; 2, fig. aifjd. perpend&re. 
III. v.intr. of accounts, coustare. 

balcony, n. solarium. 

bald, adj. 1, lit. glaber, calms; a— head, cal- 
vitiwii; — place, glabreta, -orum ; 2, ng. of 
language, inornatus, incultus, impolitic, bald 
ness, it. ealvitium. 

.bale, n. fascis, -is, in. baleful, adj. calami- 
tosus, perniciosus, exitiosus. bale out, v.tr. 
exluutrire. 

balk, I. n. 1, — abeam, lignum, trabs ; 2, 
= boundary, limes, -His, HI. II. v.tr. alci im- 
pedimenta esse. 

ball, u. l.pila; to play at — , (datatim) 
pild ludere; 2, the — of the earth, tcrrae globus; 
the eye — , papilla; a musket — , lapis, -idis, 
in. (as thrown by a balista) ; 3, = a dance, 
saltatio. 

ballad, n. carmen. 

ballast, ii. sabv.rra. 

ballet, ii. pantomimvs (Plin.) ; — dancer, 
paniomimus, in. (Suet.) ; pantomima, f. (Sen.). 

balloon, n: machina a'erobatica. 

ballot, n. sujragium, (=a vote); to vote by 
— , sufragia ferre ; -- box, cista. 

balm, n. 1, halsamum ; 2, fig. solatium. 
balmy.adj.l, balsatninus; 2, tig. suavis, dulcis. 

balustrade, n. cancelli, -orum. 

bamboo, n. arundo Iiullca (Plin.). 

ban, n. aquae el ignis inlerdictio. 

band, I. n. 1, = bandage, fascia; 2, — 
n fillet, villa, infula; (of metal) armilla ; 3, = a 
number of persons united together, tnrba, grex, 
caterva. II. v.tr. {con)sociare, cuiijungere. 

bandage, I. n. fascia, fasciola. II. v.tr. 
dcligare. 

band-box, n. capsa. 

bandit, n. Uitro. banditti, n. latrones. 

bandy, v.tr. ullro (et) citro age re ; to — 
words with, cum ulgo altercari. bandy-leg- 
ged, adj. varus, cruribus distortis. 

bane, n. 1, lit. vencnum, virus, -i, n.- ; 2, tig. 
pedis, baneful, adj. perniciosus, exitiosus. 

bang, n. 1, = a striking, percussio ; 2, = a 
noise, sonitus, -iis. 

banish, v.tr. 1, lit. alci aqud et igui i«- 
terdicere, in ex(s)ilium e(j)icere, (ex)pellcre or 
agcre, exterminarc, relegare, deportare (to trans- 
port) ; 2, tig. e(j)iecre, (ex)pellere, amovcrc. 
banishment, n. intenlictio aquae et ignis, ejec- 
tio, relegatio, deportatio, ex(s)ilium. 

bank, n. 1, = a seat, scamnum, sadwlhim, sub- 
sellium ; 2, =a river's side^ ripa; 3, — a — of 
oars, transtrum ; 4, =a — of earth, agger, -cris, 
m. ; 5, = a money-changer's table, or place for 
depositing money (the last, modern), argen- 
iaria (mensa), viensa publico,; to put money in 
the — , picuniam apud mensam publicum 
occupare. banker, n. argentarius. bank- 
note, n. (is, etc. or perseriptio (= assignment), 
bankrupt, n. decoctor; to become — , faro 
uedire, (rationes) conlurbare, dceoqucre. bank- 
ruptcy, n, by verb (e.g. to sutler — , foro 



cede re), or luetaph./brluiuu naufragiumor iittna; 
a national — , tabulae novae. 

banner, n. vexillum; see Flag. 

bannock, n. placenta (avenacea). 

banquet, u. epulae, convivium. 

banter, I. n. irrisio, derisio, cavillaiio, 
ludibrium; in — , per ludibrium. II. v.tr. alqm 
ludibrio habere, cavillari, deridere, irridcrc. 

baptize, v.tr. *hapti2are(Eucl.), baptism, 

n. * baplisma. 

bar, I. n. 1, = — of metal, etc., later, -eris, 
in. ; 2, = bolt, cluustrum, obex, repagula, -orum ; 

3, = a stake, pertiea, sudes, -is, f., veclis, -is, in. ; 

4, = a limit or partition, cancelli, careeres, -urn, 
saeptu, -orum; 5, = a law court, apud judices, 
or forum; to be called to the — , primum 
forum attingere ; to practise at the — , caus(s)as 
agcre ; the — (= advocates), patroni. II. v.tr. 
1, = to bolt, (clauslro januam) occludere ; 2, fig. 
=to hinder, alci imped imento esse, alqm impedirc ; 
3, = to except, excipcre. 

barbarous, barbaric, adj. burbarus (= 
foreign, strange), rudis,iukumanus, immauis,cru- 
delis.saccus. Adv. barbare,saeve,crudeliter. bar- 
barity, n. immunitas, inhumanitas, crudelilas. 

barbed, adj. hamatus. 

barber, n. tonsor; a— 's shop, tonstrina. ' 

bard, n. vates, -is, in. and f. 

bare, adj. 1, nudus; 2, — mere, merits, 
tenuis, exigu'us ; 3, = plain, simplex; a — mom, 
cubical urn uullo sumptu ormUum. Adv. 1, — 
scarcely, pi*; 2, = plainly, simpliciter. nulla 
sumptu. bareness, n. by adj. Babe, bare- 
faced, impudens. barefoot, pedibus uudis 
or intectis. 

bargain, I. n. res, negoli urn, puctio, pactum; 
to make a good — , bene enure. II. v.iutr. mm 
alqa jiacisei. 

barge, n. uciuuriolum, lenunculus (both = 
small vessel). 

bark, I. n. carta:, liber. II. v.tr. delibrare, 
decorticare. 

bark, I. v.iutr. lalrare. II. u. latralus, -us. 

barley, I. n. hordeum. II. adj. hurdcMeus. 

barn, n. horreum; — floor, area. 

baron, n. baronet, n. see Noble. 

barracks, n. castra, -orum. 

barrel, n. seria,doUum,orca; of a gun, etc., 

tubus. 

barren, adj. sterilis, iufecundus. barren- 
ness, n. sterilitas. 

barricade, I. n. munimentum. II. v.tr. 
inaedificare, intersaepire, obstrucre, oppilare. 

barrier, n. limes, -itis, in., fines, -ium, m. 
and f., munimentum, murus. 

barrister, n. see Advocate. 

barrow, n. ferculum. 

barter, I. v.tr. mutare res inter se, permutare 
merces. II. n. permutatio mercium. 

base, adj. — morally corrupt, perditus, pro- 
brosus, ignominiosus, turpis ; — coin, inuiimi 
adulterini; —born, ignobili loco natus. Adv. 
per ignominiam, cum ignominid, contumeliose, 
turpiter. baseness, a, turpitudo, dedeous, -iris, 
n., nequitia. 

base, n. 1, basis (= pedestal), fundamentum 
(= ground-work, lit. and fig.); 2, = the lowest 
part, radices (= roots, e.g. montis); 3, of tho 
voice, vox or sonus gravis. 

bashful, ailj. pudens, pudicus, rerecundus. 
Adv. pudenter, pudice, vereeundc. bashful- 
ness, n. pudor, pudicitia, verecundici, 



bas 



648 



bee 



b&sln, 11. 1, = for washing, pelvis; 2. =a 

poiul, piscina. 

basis, u. see Basi:, n., 1 and 2. 

bask, v.inti'. npricaH. 

basket, n. corbis, meatus, quotum, sporta. 
basket-work, opus vimiiieitm. 

bas-relief, u. opuscaelatnm, toreuma, -atis, u. 

bass, n. = a mat of straw, storca or storia. 

bastard, I. n. nolhus. II. adj. see Spup.i- 

OfH. 

bastinado, n. ictus, -us, fastis, m. 

bat, n. = an animal, vespertilio, 

bat, n. for cricket, tennis, etc., clava (= 
club). 
batcb, n. numerus. 

bate, I. v.tr. (impninuere. II. v.intr. (im)- 
minui; see Abate. 

batb, n. balineum, balneum; pi. balneue, 
balnearia, -orum, aquae ; lavulio ; thermae (=hot 
or mineral baths); lavatum; to take a cold bath, 
frlgidd iavari. bathe, I. v.tr. lavare, ab- 
luere (sc. se) ; to — another, demittire abjm in, 
balneum ; to be bathed in tears, cjj'vndi (effusum 
esse) in lacrimis ; bathing-rooms, balnearia; — 
for cold, hot baths, etc., fHgidariiim, tepidar- 
ium, calidarinm, sudatorium. II. v.intr. Iavari. 

battalion, n. cohors (of cavalry), legio ( = a 
regiment), agmen primum, medium, extremmn, 
or novissimum (=tho divisions of a marching 
army). 

batter, v.tr. percutere, verberare; sen Beat; 
pulsate; to — down, pcrfringere, everl&re, di:-- 
(j)icere. 

battering-ram, n. arte, His, in. 
battery, n. agger, -iris, m. (= tho mound), 
tormenta, •arum (= tho weapons). 

battle, u.praelium, certamen, acies,dimicatio, 
battle-array, n. acies (opp. to agmen, array 
on inarch), battle-axe, n. bipennis (only 
found in nom., dat., ace, and abl. sing., and 
noiu. and abl. pi.), securis. battle-cry, n. 
clamor, battle-field, n. locus pugnae or ubi 
pugnatur. 

battlement, n. pinna. 

bawl, v.tr. clamorem tollere, vociferari. 

bay, I. adj. spadix, badius. II. n. 1,= laurel, 

luurus, f. ; 2, =a gulf, sinus, -iis ; 3, = — win- 
dow, fenestra conve.ru or cava ; 4, to stand at — , 
adcersus alqm se defendere. III. v.intr. latrare. 

bayonet, n. gladius; with fixed — s, con- 
strictis gladiis. 

be, v.intr. esse, ex(s)istere; to let — ,permittlre. 
beach, n. lilus, -oris, n. 
beacon, n. = lighthouse, pharus, f. ; = fire, 
ig^iis. 

bead, n. globulus. 

beak, n. rostrum. 

beaker, n. poculum, calix. 

beam, I. n. 1, of wood, lignum, trubs; of a 
— , trabalis ; 2, — of light, radius ; a — of hope 
shines out, spes mihi affulget ; 3, — of a 
balance, s^upus, jvgnm. II. v. intr. fulgere, 
beaming, I. n. fulgor. II. adj. jucundus, 
hilaris. 

bean, n. /aba; ^ kidney bean, pliasrhts, 
ni. and f. 

bear, I. n. 1, nrsus, ursa (=a she-bear) : that 
which comes from — , ursinus : (as a constella- 
tion) Arctos, Ursa; the Great — , Ursa Major; 
the Lesser — , Ursa Minor ; the two, Seplen- 
Irioncs, -urn; 2, fig. = a rude fellow, agrtstis. 



incullus. II. v.tr. 1, firre, gesture, portart ; — 
a sword, clnctum esse ghvTio ; — (of trees) fe.rre, 
efferre; — the cost, sumptvs tolerare ; to — up 
against, ulqd sustinere, jx'ti ; 2, = to show, to — 
affection towards, alqm amare, diUgere; 3, to 
carry away, win, auferre, conseqni ; 4, = to give 
birth to, piinre. bearable, adj. quod toleruri 
potest ; to llnd anything — , ulcjs rci patientem 
esse, bearer, u. bajnlus (= a porter) ; nnntius 
(= — of news) ; tubellarins (= — of letters). 
bearing, n. portatio, gestatio, vectatio; of 
children, partus, -iis. 

beard, I. n. barba ; — of a goat, aruncus 
(Plin.), II. v.tr. ulqm provocare. 

beast, ii. 1, bestiu,jumentuvi(= beast of bur- 
den) opp. to man, belua; wild —,fcra; 2, as a 
term of contempt, belua, hrstia. beastly, adj. 
spurcus, immundus. beastliness, n. spurcitia. 

beat, I. v.tr. l,= to strike, ferire, caedere, 

percutere, pulsarc, verberare; to be beaten, vapu- 
lare ; 2, = to overcome, vincire, superare ; — 
the enemy thoroughly, hostem fundere et fugare; 
3,= to beat down, (pro)stcrncre, opprimere; 4, 
to — out, see Thrash ; 5, to — up, rudiculd 
peragitare. II. v.intr. palpitare. beating, n. 
verbera, -ion. 

beatitude, n. (summa) felicitas. 

beau, n. homo bellus or elegans. 

beautiful, adj. pulcher, formosus (in form), 
speciosus (in appearance)) venustus ( = elegant), 
bellus (= line). Adv. pulchrc, amuene, venuste, 
belle, elegantcr. beautify, v.tr. (cx)omare. 
beauty, n. puJchritudo, species, forma, venus- 
tas, amoenitus (of places) ; beauty in the ab- 
stract, pulelirum. 

beaver, n. castor, fiber ; of a — ,casloreus; 

— skin, pellis fibrina. 

becalmed, adj. ventis destitulus. 

because, conj. quod, quia, quoniam, cum 
(withsubj.), quandoquidem, also with qui, (piippe 
qui, as well as by a participle or abl. abs. ; 

— of, prep., propter, ob with accus. 

beck, n. = a nod, unfits, -us ; to be at anyone's 

— or call, ad nutum alcjsesse. beckon, v.tr. 
digilo innuere. 

become, I. v.intr. fieri, evaders, nasci, oriri, 
ex(s)isterc ; to become a perfect speaker, per- 
fectum oratorem evadere ; — a beggar, ml nieii- 
dlcitatem redigl ; often by the inchoative verbs, 
as, to — warm, calescere ; — rich, ditescere ; 
II. V.tr. — to suit, 0(7111 convenit. 

bed, n. 1, leclus, lectus cubicularis ; to niako 
a — , ledum sleruere ; to go to — , cubitum ire ; 
a little — , lectulus. — chamber, n. cubicidum. 
bedding, n. lodix (= coverlet), stragvlum (= 
mattress). — post, n. fulcrum lecti. 2, — of 
a river, alveus ; — of a garden, area. 

bedabble, v.tr. a(d)spergerc. 

bedaub, v.tr. (ob)Unere, perungere. 

bedeck, v.tr. (es)ornare. 

bedew, v.t. irrorare. bedewed, adj. ros~ 
cidus ; to be — , humcsclre. 
bedim, v.tr. obscurare. 
bedizen, v.tr. (ex)ornare. 

bedlam, n. damns qua conlinenlur (homines) 
insani. 

bee, n. apis ; — hive, alms, alveus ; a swarm 
of — , exumen apimn ; queen — , rex opium. 

beech, n, fagus, f. ; of — , fageus, faginus. 

beef, n. (euro) bubulu. 

beer, n. cer(e)visia. brewer, n, cerevijio.g 
coctvr. 



bee 



649 



ben 



beetle, I. n. scarabaeus. II. v.intr. im- 

mincre. 

beeves, n. boves, bourn, pi. 

befall, v.intr. accidere, contingere, evenire. 

befit, v.tr. aptum, idoneum esse ad alqd; it 
— s thee, te decet ; does not — , non convenit, 
dedecet. 

befool, v.tr. infatuare, decipcre. 

before, I. adv. prius, citius, ante ; prior, 
e.g. qui prior venit, lie conies before (the 
other); = rather, prius, potius; the year — , 
superior annus; = already, jam(dudum) ; the 
— mentioned, qui supra dictus est. II. prep. 
= in presence of, coram, with abl. ; in front of, 
ante, with accus. ; of time, ante; — my consul- 
ship, ante me consulem; of worth, ante or praeter, 
with accus. ; to be — , alci alqdre praestare, ante- 
cellerc; the day — another day, pridie ejvs diei. 
III. conj. ante or prius, quum (in one word, 
antequam, priusquam). beforehand, adv. 
antea, or by prae iji comp. ; to be — with, 
alqm alqd re praevenire. beforetimes, adv. 
olim. 

befoul, v.tr. inquinare. 

befriend, v.tr. alqm (ad)juvare, edeifavere. 

beg, I. v. intr. mendicare, stipem pelere. II. 
v.tr. alqm alqd orare, rogare, flagitare, or with 
ut ; to — oil', deprecari. beggar, I. n. mendicus, 
or adj. cgeuus. II. v.tr. ad inopiam redigere. 
beggarly, adj. miser, vilis. beggary, n. 
egestas, paupertas, mendicitas. begging, n. 
mendicitas, srtjw (= alms); a — off, deprecatio. 

beget, v.tr. 1, lit. gignere, generare, pro- 
ereare; 2, fig. crcare, alqd alci movere. 

begin, I. v.intr. incipere; it — to be day, 
dies appetit, lucescit ; — evening, advesperascit. 
II. v.tr. incipere (=to commence, e.g. facinus), 
ordiri, inchoarc, inilium facere, aggredi (= to 
enter on), conari (= to endeavour), begin- 
ning, n. initium, principium, prinwrdium, 
ortus, -iis, (= birth), inceptio, inceptum; — of a 
speech, exordium ; the — s of a science, ele- 
menta, rudimenta, incunabula (all n. pi.). Often 
" beginning " is to be rendered by primus, e.g. 
primd fabuld, =: in the — . of the piece ; so 
e.g. vere novo, incunte vere, = in the — of spring; 
thus prima node, primo vespere; from the — , 
ab initio, repelire (= to go back to the very 
— ) ; without — , aeternus ; to have neither — 
nor end, nee principium nee finem habere, be- 
ginner, n. 1, = author, auctor ; 2, = a novice, 
tiro, rudis. 

begone! interj. abi! apage te! 

begrime, v.tr. inquinare, maculare. 

begrudge, v.tr. invidcre alqd alci. 

beguile, v.tr. decipcre, circumvenire, fallcre. 

behalf, n. in — of, pro, with abl., propter, 
with accus., caus(s)d (e.g. meet, or with gen.). 

behave, v.tr. se genre, exhibere ; well be- 
haved, bene moratus. behaviour, n. vita, 
ratio, mores, -«m. 

behead, v.tr. caput alcjs piraecidere. 

behind, I. adv. pone, post, a tergo; also by 
ext remits and ulthnus (e.g. vltimus venit, he 
came behind or last) ; with verbs by re- (e.g. 
oculos retorquerc, to look behind) ; to attack a 
person behind, arersum aggredi alqm. II. prep. 
pone, post, with ace. behindhand, adv. 
parum (= too little). 

behold, v.tr. a(d)spiccre, consplcerc, intueri, 
tontemplari, spectare alqd. behold! interj. en! 
ecce! beholden, adj. alcjs beneficio (eg. for 
one's life, alcjs beneficio salvns) ; to be — to, alqd 
alci dtbere, accept urn referre. 

21* 



behoof, n. see Behalf. 

behoVe, v.tr. impers., decet, convenit, oportet. 

being, n. nutura (= peculiar quality), rts( = 
active quality), comb, natura atque vis; condicio 
(= permanent state), res (= reality) ; the Su- 
preme — , Dens ; see Life. 

belated, adj. serus. 

belch, I. v.intr. ructare. IX. v.tr. fig. evomere. 

beldam, n. anicula (— an old woman). 

beleaguer, v.tr. obsidlre. 

belfry, n. turns. 

belie, v.tr. criminari, calumniari. 

belief, n. in gen., opinio (= view or convic- 
tion ; of anything, rei or de re), persuasio (= 
assurance, alcjs rei, e.g. veneni ab alqo accept i = 
that someone has been poisoned), fides (= credi- 
bility, credence, trust) ; — in God, opinio Dei; 

— in immortality, immortalitas merely (e.g. nemo 
me de immortalitate depellet, ss no one shall rob 
me of my belief in immortality) ; in my — , ut ego 
existimo, vied quidem opinione; to have — in 
something, or hold it as a reality, alqd esse cre- 
dere, believe, v.tr. credere, putare, arbitrari 
(= to think), opinari, reri, existimare, ducere (= 
account, to form a judgment), censere, sentire; I 
(irmly — , mihi persuusum est, persuasum habeo 
(with ace. and inf. ; hoc mihi persuasit, I am satis- 
fied of this) ; I cannot — , hoc quidem non adducor 
ut credam; to — in something, alqd esse arbitrari 
or credere or putare (in the existence of, e.g. 
Deum esse credere, or merely Deum putare or 
credere) ; credere de alqd re (e.g. facilius de odio 
creditur=: people easily believe in hatred), cow- 
probare alqd (= to approve) ; to — in an object, 
alci rei credere, ovfulem liabere, or fidem tribuere, 
alci rei (never alci) fidem adjungerc ; — me 
(used parenthetically), quod mihi credos velim, 
mihi crede, crede mihi ; I — (used parenthetically), 
credo, opinor, puto ; as I — , vied quidem opinione, 
ut ego evistimo. believer, n. qui credit. 

bell, n. tintinnabulum, aes, aeris, n. 

belle, n. (puella) pulchra, formosa. 

bellow, v.intr. viugire. 

bellows, n. follis, -is, m. 

belly, n. 1, venter, -ris, in. ( = the hollow of 
the body containing the intestines), uterus ( = 
the womb), alvus ( =the passage or canal), 06- 
domen ( = the protruding or fat part of the 
belly) ; 2, of a ship, alveus. 

belong, v.intr. — to, alci or alcjs esse. 

below, I. adv. subter, infra. II. prep, sub ; 
ace. of motion towards (e.g. ire sub muros), abl, 
of rest ; infra with ace. see Under. 

belt, n. cingulum, zona. 
bemire, v.tr. inquinare. 
bemoan, v.tr. deplorare. 

bench, n. scamnum, scabellum ; — at which 
people work, mensa ; of rowers, transtrum ; of 
judges, consessus, -us. 

bend, I. v.tr. 1, (in)fleetere ; — before a par- 
son, sulimittere se alci ; 2, fig. = to move, 
movere, Jlectere ; 3, = to turn, se or iter convertere, 
dirigcre ; to — one's steps, ire ad alqm or alqd ; 
to — one's mind to, alqd animadvertere ( = to 
notice), se ad alqd applicare. II. v.intr. flecti ; 

— beneath a weight, lit. vacillare ; fig. gravari. 
III. n. beading, n. flexus, -us, (in)fiexio. 
bent, n. animi inclinu'tio, voluntas, natura, 
ratio, studium. 

beneath, see Below. 

benediction, n. to give a — to a person, 
alqm bonis ominibus prosequi. 



ben 6 

benefit, I. n. beneficium. II. v.tr. abpti 
tad)jtirare, aid vtilem or tisui or ex usu esse. 
beneficial, adj. utilis, salvtaris. Adv. tUUiter, 
bf>'riire. salubriter. beneficent, adj. liberal)*, 
beniguns, linirfinm. Adv. Iienigne, liheralltcr. 
beneficence, n. brnrfirtntia, benignUas, liber- 
alitas. benefactor, it. beneflens, qui beneficia 
in alt/in con/ert; to be a — to mankind, praeclare 
ilc (jfiiuc humano meritum esse. 

benevolent, nclj. ' beiievohis (berth:), be- 
nevolence, n. henerolentia. ■ •• 

benighted, adj. 1, lit. node oppressus-'! '2, 
fig. see Ionoraxt. 

benign, adj. benigmis erga alqm. . Adv. 
benigue. benignity, n. beni'gnitas. 

benumb, v.tr. obstupefaccre ; to be — ed, 
obtvrpesccre, torpere. 

bequeath, v.tr. alqd edei legare. bequest, 
n. legutum. 

bereave, v.tr. alqm alqd re orbare, privare. 
bereaved, adj. orbus. bereavement, n. 

orbitas, privatio. 

berry, n. bac(c)a, bac(c)ula, acinus. 

beseech, v.tr. alqm implorare, obiestari, 
alqm alqd or ut orare. 

beseem, v.tr. see Become (2). 
beset, v.tr. alqm urge re, premire, alci instare, 
obsidere (of a city). 

beshrew, v.tr. ex(s)eeraH ; — me, di(i) me 
perdant. 

beside, prep, 1, = near, prope, juxta, ace. ; 
2, = except, praeter, ace. ; 3, = away from, this 
is — the point, nihil ad rem; — oneself, sui 
impotens. 

besides, I. adv. jiraeterea, ultra, porn, nd 
hoc or hate, acocdit quod or vt. II. prep. 
praeter with ace. 

besiege, v.tr. obsidere, obsidionc daudSre or 
prendre, operibus cingere, oppugnare. besieger, 

n. obsessor, obsidens. 
besmear, v.tr. (ob)lincre. 

bespatter, v.tr. a(d)spergere, conspergere, 

(com)maculare. 

bespeak, v.tr. imperare. 
best, adj. oplinnis ; see Good. 

bestir, v.tr. (se) (e6m)movere, indtare, ex- 

citare. 

bestow, v.tr. see Give. 

bet, I, n. sponsio, jrignus, -e"r£s,n. II. v.tr. 
sponsionem ciim alqojacere. 

betake oneself, v.intr. seconferrealqo, con- 
Ctdire, ire, proficisci alqo, pctere locum ; see Go. 

betimes, adv. nun, brevi. 

betoken, v.tr. nitUire, denature, signare, de- 
signate. 

betray, v.tr. 1, = to make known, pro- 
dere, de/erre, proferre ; — yourself, se proilerc, ; 
when — is used in the sense of "it is the 
quality of," use the genitive (e.g. est tardi 
ingenii, it — s a dull wit); 2, = to make 
known treacherously. prodere, tradire, destitnere; 
betrayal, n. proditio, perftdia (= faithless- 
ness), drlrttio (=an Information in law), be- 
trayer, n. proditor, detertor, index (the eyes arc 
the — s of the mind, animi indices sunt oculi). 

betroth, v.tr. alcialqam(de)spondere; —to 
anyone, sibi alqam dtspondirt (male), aid de- 
sponderi (female). betrothal, n. sponsalia, 
•ium. 

better, I. adj. melior, potior ( = preferable), 
pracstantior ( — more excellent); is — , melius or 
satins at, praestat; to be — (morally), old alqo 



o bir 

re praestare, antecellere; I am — , melius iik 
habeo ; I am getting — , convalesce. II. adv. 
melius. III. v.tr. corrigerc, meliorcm (melius) 
facire, augerc ( = increase). 

between, prep, inter with ace. 

beverage, n. potio, pot us, -us. 

bevy, n. grex, gregis, in. 

bewail, v.tr. deplorare, deflere, (ccn)queri. 

beware, v.tr. to — of, (sibi) oh alqo or alqd 
re, or id or ne cavere. 

bewilder, v.tr. alqm (con)turbure. 

bewitch, v.tr. 1, fa-scinarc; 2, fig. capcre. 

beyond, I. adv. ultra, supra, in comp. 
trans (e.g. transire). II. prep. 1, = the other 
side of, trans, ace. of rest or motion ; 2, of de- 
gree, supra, plus, amplius (quam) ; — ten thou- 
sand, supra decern mil(l)ia ; — measure, supra 
modum. 

bias, I. ii. inclined io or propensio animi. 
II. v.tr. apud alqm plus, quam aequum est 
valere; to lie — sed, ad alqm (plus ctequo) pro- 
pensum esse. 

bible, ii. libri divini, lit(t)crae divinae or 
sacrcw or sanctae, * biblia -orvm, n. biblical, 
adj. qvod ad lit(t)cms divinas pertinet. 

bibulous, adj. t bibulus. 

bid, v.tr. 1, jubere, po-aecipere ; see Com- 
mand ; 2, = invite, invitarc ; 3, at a sale, liceri ; 
4, fig. — defiance to, alqm jirorocare ; — 'wel- 
come, alqm solvere jubere; — farewell, valere 
jubere. bidding, n. 1, see Command ; 2, = in- 
vitation, invitatio; 3, at a sale, licitatio. bid- 
der, n. (at a sale) illicitalor. 

bide, v.tr. ma iu re. 

biennial, adj. biennis. 

bier, n.feretrum, sandapila (Juv.). 

bifurcated, adj. bijidvs. 

big, adj. magnus, grandis, vastus; to be — 
with child, gravidam esse; see Great, Large. 

bigamist, n. qui duas uxores habet. 
bigot, n. svperstitiosns. bigotry, n. nimia 
ct superstitiosa religio. 

bile, n. bilis. bilious, adj. biliosus (Cels.). 

bilge-water, n. sentina. 

bill, n. 1, = a tool,/a/j; 2, = — of a bird, 
rostrum. 

bill, n. 1, =a proposed law, rogatio ; to 
bring forward a — , rogationem, legem ferrc ; to 
adopt, a — , uccipcre ; to refuse a — , antiquare ; 
to carry a — , perferre; 2, of a tradesman, etc., 
mercinm emptamm index; — of exchange, syn- 
grapha. 

billet, I. n. = a letter, tpistula ; — donx, 
epistula amatoria. II. v.tr. milites per domos 
aisponere. 

billow, n.fluctus, -us. billowy, adj. fluctu- 
osus. 

bind, v.tr. 1, by tying, {al)ligare, illi- 
gare, a(d)stringere, revincire ; 2, =to restrain, 
alqm cirenmscribere or cnercere ; to — together, 
cnlligare; to — by an oath, edqm sacramento 
"ii'iringere; to — books, glvtinare; to — an 
apprentice, alqm alci addice.re ; to — over, 
radari ; to be bound by something, eonstridum 
i- '. teneri re : — by business, negotiis disten- 
turn esse, bindweed, n. convolvulus (Plin.). 

biography, n. viiae alcjs descriptlo. bio- 
grapher, n. qui alcjs res gestae enarrat. 
biped, n. bipes, -edit, adj. 
birch, n. betula (Plin.). 
bird, n. avis, rolucris, <rfe*, -itis, in. and f. ; 



bir 



651 



boa 



— cage, n. cavea ; — catcher, n. auceps, -ciipis, 
in. ; — lime, n. viscus. 

birth, 11. ortus, -us; of noble—, nobili genere 
or loco natus. birthday, ii. dies natalis. birth- 
right, n. patrimoninm. 

biscuit, n. pdnis, -is, in. 

bishop, ii. episcopus. 

bit, n. 1, of a liorse, frenum ; 2, see Piece. 

bitch, n. canis (femina). 

bite, I. v.tr. mordere. II. n. morsus, -Us. 
biting, adj. wardens, inordajc, acidus, acidea- 
tus ; — words, verborum aculei. 

bitter, adj. amarus, acerbus, mordax. Adv. 
amare, aspere, acerbe, bitterness, n. amari- 
tudo, amaritas, acerbitas. 

bitumen, n. bitumen. 

bivouac, I. v.intr. in armis excubare. II. 
n. excubiae. 

black, I. adj. ater, niger, puUits. II. n. 1, 
color niger; 2, = mourning, pulla veslis ; 
dressed in — , sordidatus, pullatus, alratus ; 3, 
= a negro, Aethiops. blacken, v.tr. 1, = to 
make black, nigrum facire ; 2. fig. conflare or 
conciliate alci invidiam. 

blackberry, n. rubus. 

blackbird, n. merula. 

blackguard, n. nefariiis (homo), sceleratus. 

blacklead, n. plumbum nigrum (Plin.). 

blacksmith, n. faber. 

bladder, n. vesica. 

blade, n. 1, of grass, herba ; 2, of an oar, 
palma ; 3, of a knife, lamina. 

blame, I. n. reprchensio, vituperatio, objur- 
gatio, convicium. II. v.tr. reprehendere, culpare. 
blameable, blameworthy, adj. reprehen- 
sionear vituperatione digitus, blameless, adj. 
integer, sanctus. blamelessness, n. vitae 
integritas or sanctitas. 

bland, adj. blandus,lenis,mitis. Adv. blande, 
leniter. blandness, n. lenitas. blandish- 
ment, ii. adulatio, blanditiae. 

blank, I. adj. vacuus ; — amazement, stupor. 
II. n. 1, in a lottery, sors or tabella inanis; 2, 
in life, ccdamitas. 

blanket, n. lodix. 

blaspheme, v.intr. blasphemare. blas- 
phemer, n. blasphemus. blasphemous, 
adj. blasphemus, impius erga Deum. 

blast, I. n. venti impetus, -us. II. v.tr. 1, 
see Blight ; 2, = blow up, igne diruere. 

blaze, ~ ii. flamma, ardor; to set in a — , 
incendere. . j.. v.intr. ardcre, flagrare. 

bleach, I. v.tr. candidum reddere. II. 
V.intr. = to become white or pale, cdbesccre. 

bleak, adj. see Cold. 

blear-eyed, adj. lippus. 

bleat, I. v.intr. balare (of sheep). II. n. 
balatus, -us. 

bleed, I. v.intr. sanguinem fundere ; my 
heart — s, vehemeiiter or gravissime doleo, 
aegerrime few; — at .something, incredibilem 
doloremexre capio. II. v.tr. to — a person (as 
a physician), alci sanguinem mittere; to kill by 
— tog (as a punishment), venam incldcre. 
bleeding, n, sanguinis fluxio. 

blemish, I. n. me-ndwm, macula, labes, -is, f. 
II. v.tr. (compnaculare. 

blend, v.tr. alqd cum alqd re (com)misccre ; 
see Mix. 

bless, v.tr. alqm bonis ominibus prosequi. 



blessed, adj. beatus, fortunatus. Adv. beati, 
fortunate. blc.3Scdnoss, n. felicitas. 

blight, I. n. robiyo (rub). II. v.tr. robigine 
afficerc. 

blind, I. adj. 1, caecus, oculis or luminibus 
captus or orbatus; — of one eye, altero ocido 
captus ; 2, fig. caecus, oecaecatus, stultus. Adv. 

1, by caecus ; 2, — rashly, temere. II. v.tr. 1, 
lit. oculis privare, caecum reddlre ; 2, fig. 
see Dazzle, blindfold, adj. oculis opertis. 
blindness, n. 1, lit. caecitas; 2, fig. stultitia. 

blink, v.intr. con(n)ivlre, nictare. 

bliss, n. summa felicitas. 

blister, I. n. pustula. II. v.tr. pustulate. 

blithe.adj. laetus, hitaris. Adv. laete, hilariter, 
blitheness, n. laetilia, hilaritas. 

bloated, adj. 1, lit. turgidus ; 2, fig. turn- 
idus. 

block, I. n. truncus, caudex. II. v.tr. 
claudere, obstruere, obsaepire (obsep.). block- 
ade, I. n. obsidio. II. v.tr. obsidere. block- 
head, n. stolidus. 

blood, n. sp.nguis, cruor; toactin cold — , con- 
sulto alqd facer e. bloodless, adj. exsanguis, in- 
cruentus (— without bloodshed), blood-rela- 
tion, n. consanguincus. bloodshed, n. caedes, 
-is, f. bloodshot, adj. sanguine suffusus. 
blood-thirsty, adj. sanguinarius. blood- 
vessel, n. arteria, vena, bloody, adj. crue n- 
tus, cruentatus, sanguine respersus; a — victory, 
cruenta victoria; — battle, proelium cruentum, 
atrox. 

bloom, I. n. fios; to be in — , florere. 
II. v.intr. ftorire, vigere ; to begin to — , flores- 
cere, blooming, adj. florens, ftoridus. 

blossom, v.intr. see Bloom. 

blot, I. n. 1, on paper, litura; 2, =a stain, 
lit. & fig. macula, it. v.tr. 1 = to dry ink, 
abstergere ; 2, = to make a — , lituram. alci rei 
in(j)kere; 3, fig. (compnactdare ; 4, to — out, 
delire, ex(s)tingucre. 

blow, I. D. 1, ictiLS, -us, plaga, verbera, -um ; 

2, fig. casus, -Us, damnum. II. v.intr. of the 
wind, flare; with the mouth, flare. III. v.tr. 
— the flute, tibia (tibiis) canere. blowing, 
adj. fiatu figurare. 

blubber, n. adeps balaenarum. 

bludgeon, n. fastis, -is, m. 

blue, adj. caeruleus, lividus ( = black-blue). 

blunder, I. n. error, erratum. II. v.intr, 
errare. 

blunt, I. adj. 1, lit. hebes ; 2, fig. = dull, 
hebes, obtusus ; 3, — rude, agrestis, rusticus, 
inurbanus. Adv. rustice. II. v.tr. liebetare, 
lit. and fig. ; fig. obtundere. bluntness, n. 1, 
lit. by adj. hebes; 2, fig. rusticitas. 

blur, I. n. macula. II. v.tr. obscurare. 

blush, I. n. rubor. II. v.intr. erubescere. 

bluster, I. n. 1, = self-assertion, jactatio, 
ostentatio ; 2, = tumult, fremitus, -its, stre- 
pitus, -iis, tumultus, -us. II. v.intr. 1, se jactare, 
ostcntare ; 2, tumultum facire, saevire. 

boar, n. verres, -is, in. ; a wild — , aper. 

board, I. n. 1, tads, -is, in., tabula ; 2, = food, 
victus, -us, alimentum. board-wages, n. pe- 
cuniapro alimentis data. II. v.tr. 1, alci victuvi 
dare; 2, — a ship, navem consceiulere. III. 
v.intr. to — with anyone, apud alqm habitare. 
boarder, n. qui cum alqo habitat. 

boast, v.intr. gloriuri, se efferre, se jactare. 
boaster, n. jactator, ostenlator, homo gloriosus. 
boasting, n. jactatio, ostentatio. boastful, 
adj. gloriosus. Adv. gloriose. 



boa 



652 



bra 



boat, n. scaplta, navicula; — man, nauta, in. 
bodice, II. thorax (tinteus). 
body, H. 1, corpus, -iris, n. ; a little — , cor- 
pus alum ; a — guard, cohort praetoria or regia ; 

— servant, strvus, tnancipiuvi, verna, in. and f. 
2, = company, societas; — of cavalry, ala. 
bodily, adj. corporeiis ; — exercise, exercitatio. 
bodiless, adj. sine corpore. 

bog, n. palus, -Mis, f. boggy, adj. uligi- 
nosus, jxiluster. 

boil, I. v.tr. coquii :. II. v.intr. 1, fcrvcre, 
effervesccre, aesluare, bullare or bullire( = bubble) ; 
2, fig. aestuare. boiler, n. vas, vasis, n. ; in 
a bath, ealdarium. 
■ boil, n. vomica. 

- boisterous, adj. turbidus; of the sea or 
wind, procellosus, agitatus. 

bold, adj. audens, audax, confidens; to be — , 
aiutire (with inf.). Adv. audacter. boldness, 
n. audentia, avdacia, confidentia. 

bole, n. truncus, stirps. 

bolster, n. culcita, pulvinus. 

bolt, I. n. 1, = a fastening, obex, -icis, in. 
and f., claustrum; 2, =a weapon, sayitta. II. 
v.tr. claudere, (obice) occludire. 

bombard, v.tr. urbem tormentis verberare. 
bomb, n. * pyrobolj. autcm, vera, at ; — yet, sed, 
verum, vero, atqui (autem and vero stand after a 
word, the rest at the beginning of a sentence) ; 
— yet, — however, at, (at)tamen, sed ta- t 
men; — otherwise, ceterum; ■ — if, sin (autem), 
si vero (in a contrast) ; — if not, si non, si 
minus, sin aliter ; — on the contrary, at con- 
tra; in contrasts — is omitted; e.g. tu ilium 
amas, ego odi, yon love, ( — )I hate him ; — 
yet (anticipating an objection), at ; — rather, 
immo (vero); not only, — also, non modo or 
solum or tantum, sed etiam; — that, quin, with 
subj. nisi. II. prep, see Except. III. adv. 
= only, modo, tantum, solum. 

butcher, I. n. lanius, maceUarius. II. 
v.tr. 1, lit. caedcre, jxtgulare ; 2, fig. trucidare. 
butchery, n. caedes, -is, f. 

butler, 11. cellarius. 

butt, 1. 11. scopos, -i (Suet.), destinatum (=.in 
object to aim at) ; to make a — of, alqm ludibrio 
habere; labrum (=a large vessel), sinum (=a 
large wine-cask). II. v.tr. cornu alqd fer ire. 

butter, n. butyrum (Plm.). 

butterfly, n. papilio. 

buttocks, n. dunes, -is, m. and f., nates, 
■ium, f. 

button, I. n. fibula ( = clasp, buckle). II. 
v.tr. fibuld nectcre. 

buttress, I. n. anlerides, -urn, f. II. v.tr. 
fulcire. 

buxom, adj. hilaris. 

buy, v.tr. (co)emere, mercari. buyer, u. 
emptor. 

buzz, v. susurrare, bombumfacfrc. buzzing, 
n. susnrrus, bombus. 

by, prep. 1, of place, ad, apud, juxta, 
prope with ace. ; to go — , alqm praelerire; lt> 
stand — , alci adesse ; 2, of time, abl., — night, 
node; — moonlight, ad lunam; — this time, 
jam; — the year's end, intra annum; 3, of 
means, per with ace. ; 4, an agent, a[h) ; 5, 



by 



655 



car 



= according to, secundum or ad ; — the autho- 
rity of, jussu or ex auctoritate; 6, in adjuration, 
per ; 7, — oneself, per se ; — stealth, furtim; 
— chance, forte ; — heart, memoriter ; — reason 
of, propter, with accus., or propterea quod, conj. ; 
one — one, singillatim. by-way, n. frames, 
■itis, in. (= footpath), deverticulum. by-word, 
ii. to become a — , contemptui esse. 



cab, n. see Carriaoe. 

cabal, I. n. = a plot, conjuratio, conspi- 
ratio. II. v.tr. con jurationem inire ; see Plot. 

cabbage, II. brassica, caulis, -is, in. (= — 
stalk). 

cabin, n. casa, tugurium; — in a ship, 
cubiculum. Cabinet, n. 1, conclave ; 2, = a 
repository of precious things, thesaums ; 3, = 
ministry, il penes quos sum.ia rerumest. 

cable, n. ancorale, funis ancorarius. 

cackle, I. v.intr. strepere. II. n. strepitus, -us. 

cadaverous, adj. exsanguis (= bloodless). 

cadence, n, Humerus. 

cadet, n. tiro. 

cage, I. n. cavea. II. v.tr. in caveam in- 
cludere. 

cairn, n. (lapidum) acervus. 

cajolery, n. blanditiae. 

cake, I. n. placenta. II. v.intr. = stick 
together, concrescere. 

calamity, n. calamitas, res adversae. ca- 
lamitous, adj. culamitosus, tristis, luctucsus. 
Adv. calaviitose, luctuose. 

calculate, v.tr. computare. calculation, 
n. ratio, calculated, adj. ad alqd accommo- 
datus, aptus, idoneus; he is — to do this, is est 
qui hoc faded. 

caldron, n. a(h)enum, cortina. 

calendar, n. cphemeris, -idis, f., fasti. 

calf, n. vitxdus, vltula ; of a — , vitulinus; 
— of the leg, sura. 

calico, n. byssus, sindon. 

call, I. n. 1, = a cry, vox ; 2, = visit, salu- 
tatio; 3, = offer of an office, by nominari. 
II. v.tr. 1, = to cry out, clamare ; 2, = to name, 
vocare, dicere, nominare, appellare ; 3, to — out 
troops, evocare ; to — out, = challenge, 2>rovo- 
care ; to — back, revocare ; to — together, coa- 
vncare; to — for, (de)posccre, flagitarc. III. 
v.intr. — to visit, alqm saliUare, viscre. caller, 
u. = visitor, salutator. calling, n. = vocation, 
wunus, -eris, n. 

callous, adj. 1, lit. callosus ; 2, fig. dunes. 
Adv. dure. 

callow, adj. implumis, sine plumis. 

calm, I. n. quies, -etis, f., tranquillitas, otium, 
pax; — at sea, malacia. II. adj. quietus, tran- 
quillus, placidus. Adv. tranquille, placide. III. 
v.tr. sedare, lenire, permulcere, tranquillare. 

calumny, n. crimen, calumnia. calum- 
niate, v.tr. calumniari, criminari. calumni- 
ator, n. obtrectator. 

camel, n. camelus; of a — , camelinus. 

cameo, u. gemma ectypa. 

camp, n. cautra, -orum; to form a — , caslra 
ponere, (col)locare ; to break up — , castra movere. 
. campaign, u. vtipeadium, 

can, n. see Ji'G, 



can, v.intr. posse. 

canal, n. canalis, -is, m., fossa. 

cancel, v.tr. dclcre, eradere, ex(s)linguere. 

cancer, n. cancer (Cels.). 

candid, adj. candidus, sincerus, vents, sim- 
plex. Adv. candide, sincere, vere, simpliciter, 
candour, u. sinceritas, eimplicitas, integritas. 

candidate, n. candidatus. 

candle, n. candela, lumen (— lightl ; to work 
by — light, lucubrare. candlestick, u. car^ 
delabrum. 

cane, I. n. arundo, calamus; of — , arundi- 
neus ; — stick or rod, ferula; = walking-stick, 
baculum. II. v.tr. verberare. 

canine, adj. caniniis. 

canker, v.tr. corrumpere. cankerworm, 
n. eruca. 

canister, n. canislrum. 

cannibal, n. qui hominibus vescitur. 

cannon, n. torment um ; to be out of — shot 
extra tormenti jactum esse, cannonade, v.tr. 
tormentis verberare, tela tormentis (e)mittere. 
cannon-ball, n. telum tormento missum. 

canoe, n. cymba. 

canon, n. = a rule, lex, regula, norma (= 
standard), canonize, v.tr. alqm in sanctorum 
numerumreferre, sanctorum ordinibusa(d)scribere. 

canopy, n. aulaeum. 

cant, n. simulata or ficta pietas erga Deum. 

canton, u. pagus. 

canvas, n. pannus. 

canvass, I. n. 1, = to examine, cxplorarc, dis- 
putare ; 2, = to seek for office, arnbire. II. n. 
ambitio, ambitus, -us. 

cap, n. pileus, galerus; — for women, mitra. 

capable, adj. ad alqd so(l)lers, aptus, idoneus; 
alcjs rci capax. capability, n. ingenium, so(iy- 
lerlia, docilitas, facultas. 

capacious, adj. capax. 

caparison, n. phalerae. 

caper, n. capparis (Plin.). 

capital, I. n. 1, = chief city, urbs opulentis- 
sima or potentissima ; 2, of a pillar, capitulum; 3, 
= sum of money, sors, caput. II. adj. see Ex- 
cellent ; — punishment, poena capitalis. capi- 
talist, n. homo pecuniosus, dives. 

capitulate, v.intr. see Surrender. 

caprice, n. libido, Ikentia, voluntas, ca- 
pricious, adj. inconstans. Adv. ad libidinem. 

captain, n. centurio; to act as — , ordinem 
duccrc; — of a ship, navarchus, praefectus navis. 

captious, adj. iracundus (= angry), insidio- 
sus(= deceitful). Adv. iracunde, insidiose. cap- 
tiousness, n. iracundia, fallacia, captio. 

captivate, v.tr. capere, delenire, ■permulcere. 

oaptive, n. captus, captivus. captivity, 
n. captivitas (Tac.) ; to be in — , captivum esse. 
capture, v.tr. capere, comprehendere. 

car, n. carrus, plaustrum, vehiadum. 

caravan, n. comitatus, -us. 

caraway, n. careum (Plin.). 

carbuncle, n. cariunculns, 

carcase, n. cadaver, -eris, n. (of men and 
beasts). 

card, I. n. charta; to play at — b, see 
Dice. II. v.tr. pectere. 

cardinal, I. adj. princcps, eximius. II. n. 
* Cardinalis. 

care, I, n. 1, ctra, diligentia,; 2, = anxiety, 



car 



656 



eel 



sol(l)icitudo. II. v.intr. 1, = to take — of, alqd 
curare ; what <!o I — ? quid mihi est f 2, = to be 
interested in, colere, diligere. careful, adj. 
diligens, accuratus. Adv. diligenter, accurals. 
careless, adj. securus, imprudent, neglegens. 
carelessness, n. securitas, imprudentia, nrglc- 
gentia. 

career, I. n. curriculum, cursus, -us (lit. and 
fig.). II. v.intr. currire. 

caress, I. n. blanditiae, blandimenta, -orum. 
II. v.tr. alci blandiri, alqm permxdeirc. caress- 
ing, adj. blandus. 

cargo, n. onus, -iris, n. 

caricature, I. n. vidtus, -iis, in pejus fictvs. 
II. v.tr. vultum in pejus fingire. 

carmine, u. coccum; of — , coccineus. 

carnage, n. caedes, -is, f. 

carnal, adj. libidinosus. Adv. libidiiiose. 

carnival, n. Saturnalia, -ium. 

carnivorous, adj. qui came vescitur. 

carousal, n. convivium, comissatio. ca- 
rouse, v.intr. comissare. 

carp, I. n. ci/primis (Plin.). II. v.intr. to 
— at, alqm carpire, perstringere. 

carpenter, n. faber (lignarius). carpen- 
try, n. opera fabrilis, fabrica. 

carpet, n. tapete, tapetum, peristroma, -atis, n. 

carrion, n. cadaver, -eris (or in pi.). 

cart, I. n. vehiculum, plaustrum. II. v.tr. 
plausiro where, cart-load, n. onus, -eris, n. 

carve, v.tr. caelare, scedpire, sculpire, inscri- 
bes ; — meat, scindire, secare. carver, n. 1, 
of meat, cantor; 2, of works of ait, sculptor. 
carving, n. 1, =act of, caelatura, scalptura, 
scutptura; 2, = tiling carved, signum, effigies. 

carry, v.tr. porlare, ferre, bajularc, vehere, 
gerire ; — a point, alqd consequi ; — out, con- 
ficere. ; — on, alqd exercere ; — too far, inodum 
excedire; — a town, expugnare ; —a bill, legem 
perferre. carriage, n. 1, = carrying, vectura, 
geslatio ; 2, ■= vehicle, vehiculum, currus, -us, 
carpentum, cisium, raeda; 3, = gait, incessus, 
■us. carrier, n. gerulus ; letter — , tabellarius. 

cascade, n. aqwie ex alto desllientes. 

case, n. 1, = a receptacle, theca, involucrwm ; 
2, (in grammar), casus, -us ; 3, = an incident, 
casus, -us, res; 4, in medicine, morbus; 5, = 
judicial — , cati(s)sa. 

casement, n. fenestra. 

cash, I. n. = ready money, pecunia. II. 
v.tr. praesenti pecunvi solvere, cashier, I. n. 
custos pecuniarum. II. v.tr. = to discharge, 
alqm dimittirc. 

cask, n. dolium. casket, n. arcula, capsula, 
cistula. 

casque, n. galea. 

Cast, I. v.tr. 1, jacire, jactare, jacnlari, mit- 
tire; 2, =to found, fundire; 3, to be — in a 
suit, cans(s)d cadere ; 4, to be — down, affligi ; 
5, to — off, (de)poncre, exuere ; to — out, [ex)pel- 
Ure ; to — up (of accounts), computare (a mound, 
etc.), exstruere. II. n. 1, jactus, -us, ictus, -us; 
2, of dice, alea ; 3, = image, imago, effigies. 
castaway, n. perdiliu,proJligatus; — by ship- 
wreck, naufragus. 

caste, n. societas, sodalitas. . 

castigation, n. castigatio, supplicium. 

castle, ii. arx, castellum; to build — s in 
the air, somnia sibi fingere. 

castrate, v.tr. edstrarc. 

casual, adj. fortuitvs, forte oblatus. Adv. 
forte, cv4u, casualty, n, fortuita -orwii, res 



fortuitae. casuistry, n. sophisma, -atis, n., 
questio de moribus. casuist, n. sophistes, -ae, 
in., qui de moribus disputat. 

cat, n. felcs (felis), -is. 

catacomb, n. puticuli. 

catalogue, n. Ubrorum index. 

catapult, n. catapulia. 

cataract, n. 1, in the eye, glaucoma (Plin.); 
2, see Cascade. 

catarrh, n. destillatio, g7-avedo. 

catastrophe, n. casus, -iis (durus or arcrbus). 

catch, I. v.tr. capere, excipire, intercip're, 
deprehendire, comprehendere ; to — a diseise, 
morbuni contrahere. II. n. = gain, lucrum, 
cmolumentum. catching, adj., of a disease, 
pestilens. 

catechism, n. * catechismus. catechize, 
v.tr. * catcchizare (Eccl.). 

category, n. genus, -eris, Humerus, * cale- 
goria. categorical, adj. simplex, definitus. 

cater, v.intr. obsonare. 

caterpillar, n. ei-uca. 

cathedral, n. * acdes cathedralis. 

Catholic, * homo Catholicus (Eccl.). Ca- 
tholicism, n. *fides Catholica (Eccl.). 

cattle, n. pecus, -oris, armenta, -orum. 

caul, n. omentum. 

cauldron, n. a(h)enum, cortina. 

cause, I. u. 1, caus(s)a, auctor (of a person) ; 
to have no — , nihil est quod; 2, = legal — , 
caus(s)a, see Action. II. v.tr. alcjs rci auctorem 
esse, efficcre ut, — excite, excitarc, (com)movere. 
causal, adj. quod efficit ut. causeless, adj. 
vanus, futilis. Adv. temere, sine cans(s)&. 

causeway, n. viae, agger, -iris, m. 

caustic, I. n. causticum (Plin.). II. adj. 
mordens, acerbus. cauterize, v.tr. adurire. 

caution, I. n. providentia, prudentia, cavtio. 
II. v.tr. monere. cautious, adj. providus, 
prndens, cautus. Adv. prudenter, caute. 

cavalcade, n. cquiles, -tun, comilatns, -us. 

cavalier, n. cques, -Uis, m. Adv. arroganter, 
insolenter. 

cavalry, n. equitatus, cquites, -urn, copiae 
equcslres, ala ; to serve in — , equo mercre. 

cave, n. cavum, caverna, specus, spelunca. 
cavity, n. see Hole. 

cavil, v.intr. see Carp. 

caw, v.intr. crocire, crocitare. 

cease, v.intr. alqd omittire, intermittire, ab 
alqd re, or infill, desistere, desinire with infill, 
ceaseless, adj. perpetuus, assiduus, continuus. 
Adv. perpctue, assidue, continue. 

cedar, n. cedms, f. 

cede, v.tr. alqd or ab alqd re alci cederc, alqd 
concedere. 

ceiling, n. laqucar, lacunar; vaulted — , 
camera. 

celebrate, v.tr. = solemnize, celebrare, agire. 
celebrated, adj. inclytus, clarus, illustris, no- 
bUis. celebration, n. ceUkratio. celebrity, 
n. gloria, lavs, claritas ; == a celebrated person, 
vir insignis. 

celerity, n. velocitas, celeritas. 

celestial, adj. 1, caelestis, divinus ; 2, fig. 
eximivs, praestans. 

celibacy, n. caelibatus, -us. 

cell, n. cella, cubiculum. 

cellar, n. hypogeum (doliarium) ; a wine — , 
apotheca. ■ ' 



cem 657 

gluten. II. v.tr. both lit. & 



che 



cement, I. a. 
fig. conglutinare. 
cemetery, n. sepulc(h)ra, -orum. 
censer, n. tliuribulum. 
censor, n. 1, censor; 2, fig. qui alqm repre- 
hendit. censorious, adj. acerbus, severus. 
Adv. acerbe, severe. 

censure, I. v.tr. reprehendere. II. n. repre- 
hensio. censurable, adj. reprehendemlus. 
census, n. census, -us, aestimatio; to take a 
— , censere. 

cent, n. 1, = a coin, teruncivs ; 2, = per — , 
unciae usurae, — ,y h per — per mouth, - 1 per 
— per ami. ; sextauies, — 2 per — per aim. ; quad- 
rantes, =3, etc. ; asses usurae or centesimae, = 12 
per — per aim. ; binae centesimae, = 24, etc. 
centaur, n. centaurus. 
centenary, n. festum sacculare. 
centre, I. n. media pars; the — of any- 
thing, expressed by medius (e.g. media iirbs); 
the — of a government, sedes imperii. II. v.intr. 
(ex or in) alqd re constare ; to — in, see Consist. 
century, il. centum anni, saeculum. 
ceremonial, ceremony, n. ritus, -us, 
caerimonia. ceremonious, adj. urbanus. 
Adv. urbane. 

certain, adj. 1, — fixed, certus, firmus, sta- 
bilis, fidus (— trustworthy), exploratus (= ascer- 
tained), status (= settled) ; a — income, status 
redilus, -iis; to be — of a thing, rem exploratavi 
habere; 2, = someone known or unknown, 
quidam; nescioqui, nei,cio quis. Adv. eerie, certo, 
hand dubie, sine ulla dubitatione, profeclo, sane ; 
to know — , or for certain, pro explorato or 
exploration habere, certainty, certitude, 
n. fides, res explorata. certificate, n. testi- 
monium, certify, v.tr. certiorem faclre, con- 
firmare. 
cerulean, adj. caeruleus. 
Chafe, I. v.tr. calefacere. II. v.intr. irasci, 
commoveri. 
chaff, n. palea. 

chagrin, n. aegritudo, maeror, sol(l)icitudo, 
dolor. 

chain, I. n. 1, catena, vinculum; 2, = an 
ornament, catena; 3, — a connected series, 
series; 4, = — of mountains, monies, -ium, m. 
II. v.tr. vincire, catenas alci in(j)icere. 

Chair, n. sella, sedile, cathedra ; to set a — 
for, sellam alci apponcre. chairman, n. qui 
conventui praeest. 
chaise, n. carpentum, pilentum. 
chalice, n. calix, calathus. 
Chalk, n. creta. 

challenge, I. n. provocatio. II. v.tr. alqm 
ad alqd provocare. 

chamber, n. cubiculum. chamber-maid, 
n. serva. chamber-pot, n. uwlula, matella, 
trulla, scaphium. chamberlain, n. cubiculo 
praepositus (Suet.). 
champ, v.tr. mandere, mordire. 
champion, u. propugnator. 
chance, I. n. casus, -us, fors ; by — , forte, 
casu; game of — , alea. II. v.intr. accidcre. 

chancel, n. ubsis, -hlis, f. Chancellor 
Of the Exchequer, n. aerarii tribunus. 

Chandler, n. qui candelas sebat (= candle- 
maker), canddarum, propola (= seller). 

ohange, I. v.tr. (com)mutare ; to — money, 
permutarc. II. v.intr. (com)mutari ; the weather 
changes, tempextns commutatur, caelum variat. 
III. m (com)muta^io, conversio, yic}ssitudo i 



varictas ; — change of money, permutatio, or by 
verb permutare. changeable, adj. mulabilis, 
mobilis, inconslans, varius. Adv. mutabiliter, 
mobiliter, inconstanter. changeableness, n. 
mutabilitas, mrietas. changeling, n. puer 
subditus. 

Channel, n. 1, lit. fossa, canalis, m. ; 2, fig. 
via, ratio. 

Chant, v.tr. canere, cantare. 

chaos, n. 1, lit. chaos, only in nom. and abl. 
sing. ; 2, = confusion, coiifusio, perturbatio. 
chaotic, adj. inordinatus, perturbatus. 

chapel, ii. aedicida, sacellum, sacrarium. 

chaps, n. = yav, , jauces. -ium. '. 

chaps, n. ou the hands, rhagades (Plin.). 

chapter, n. of a book, caput. 

character, n. 1, =a sign, nota, lignum; 
2, — of a person, natura, indoles, -is, f., inge/n- 
ium, animus, mores, -um ; weakness of — , in- 
firmitas, inconstantia ; strength of — , constantia, 
gravitas; 3, =a letter of the alphabet, lit(f)era; 

4, = function, munus, -eris, n., or by apposition 
(e.g. to go in the — of ambassador, legatum ire); 

5, = reputation, fama, existimatio ; to give a — 
to a servant, commendare. characteristic, I. 
adj. proprius. Adv. suo more. II. n. proprietas, 
or by gen. (e.g. it is the — of the mind, mentis 
est), characterize, v.tr. notare, designare. 

charcoal, n. carbo. 

charge, I. n. 1, = office or trust, munus. 
■eris, n., officium; 2, = price, pretium; atasmall 
, parvo pretio ; 3, = commission, mandatum; 

4, = care of, cicra, custodia ; 5, = accusation, 
accusatio, crimen; 6, = attack, impetus, -us, in- 
cursus, -us; 7, = exhortation, hortatio. II. v.tr. 
1, = order, jubire, imperare; 2, — to tix a price, 
indicare; 3, —with, = trust, alqd alci commit- 
tere, mandare, credere ; 4, take — of, alqm curare ; 

5, = accuse, accusare; 6. = attack, impetum m 
alqmfacerc; 7, = exhort, (ad)hortari. charge- 
able, adj. 1, cui solvendum est ; 2, = — with a 
fault culpae affinis or obnoxius. charger, n. 

1, = dish, lanx; 2, — horse ; equus (ecus). 
chariot, n. currus, -iis; a two-horsed — , 

bigae ; four — , quadrigae, charioteer, n. 
auriga, m. and f. 

charity, n. 1, as a sentiment, amor, benign- 
itas : 2, as conduct, beneficentia, liberalitas ; 3, 
= alms, stips. charitable, adj. benignus, 
liberalis, beneficus. Adv. benigne, Uberaliter. 

Charlatan, n. circulator, jaclator, ostentator. 

Charm, I. n - 1. Il*- carman, canticum, fas- 
cinum; 2, hg. = au attraction, delenimenta, 
-orum, blanditiae ; 3, = beauty, venustas, amoe- 
niias. II. v.tr. 1, lit. fascinare, incantare ; 2, 
fig. capcre. charming, adj. suavis, venustus, 
lepidus. charmer, n 1, = magician, magus ; 

2, — mistress, deliciae. 

chart, n. tabula, charter, u. privilegium 
(e.g. to grant a — , privilegia dare). 

Chary, adj. parous. 

Chase, I. v.tr. venari ; see Pursue. IL n. 
venatio, venalus, -iis. 

ohasm, n. hiatus, -its, specus, -us. 

chaste, adj. castus. chastity, u. caslitas. 

chastize, v.tr. castigare. chastisement, 
n. castigatio. 

chat, v.intr. fabularl cum alqo. 

chatter, I. v.intr. garrirc. II. n. garrulitas, 
loquacitas. chattering, adj. garrulus, loquax. 

cheap, adj. vilis, parvi pretii. 

cheat, I. n. l,fraus, -dis, f.,fallacia, dolus; 
2, = a man who — s, circumAcriptor or auifalUU 



che 



658 



cla 



II. v.tr. alqm fallere, decipere, circumvenire, 
fucum faccre. 

oheck, I. n. impedimentwn, mora. II, v.tr. 
alci obstare, impedimento esse, moramfacere. 

cheek, u. gena. 

cheer, 11. 1, =joy, hilaritas; 2, = hospi- 
tality, hospitiitm ; to entertain with good — , 
hospitaliter or lauteexcipere. cheerful, hilaris, 
hilarus. Adv. hilariter, hilare. cheerless, 
adj. iristis, maestus. 

cheese, n. caseus. 

chemistry, n. * chemia, ars chemica. 

cheque, n. perscriptio. 

cherish, v. t r. cm rare, d il igcre, colcre, observare. 

cherry, n. 1, the tree, cerasus, f. ; 2, = the 
fruit, cerasum. 

chess, n. lusus latrunculorum. 
chest, n. 1, = part of the body, pectus, -oris, 
n. ; 2,= a receptacle, area, cista. 
chestnut, n. castanea. 
chew, v.tr. mandere. 
.chicanery, n. dolus, praevaricatio. 
chicken, n. pullus (gallinaceus). 

chide, v.tr. alqm objurgare. chiding, n. 
objurgatio. 

chief, I. n. caput, princeps, praefectus. II. 
adj. primus, praecipuus. Adv. praecipue. 

child, n. filius, filia, liberi (= children). 
child-birth, partus, -us ; to be in — , partu- 
rire. childhood, u, aetas pueriiis. child- 
like, adj. pueriiis. childish, adj. ineptus. 
Adv. pnerililer. childless, adj. (liberis)orbus. 

chill, I. adj. frigidus. II. n. frigus, -oris, n. 

III. v.tr. 1, lit. refrigerare ; 2, tig. reprimere. 

Chime, I. n. coneentus, -us. II. v.intr. con- 
cinere. 

chimera, n. commentum, opinionum com- 
inenta, -orwrn. chimerical, adj. commenticivs, 
inanis, vanus. 

chimney, n. (unknown in Roman houses) 
compluvium (= an opening in the roof of the 
atrium). 

chin, n. mentum. 

china, n. murrha (Mart.); made of — , mar- 
rhinus. 

chine, n. spina. 

chink, n. rima. 

chip, n. assula, scobis. 

chirp, v. fritinnire, pipire, pipllare. 

chisel, I. u. scalprum fabrile, caelum. II. 
v.tr. sculpere. 

Chivalry, n. ordo equesier, res equestris ; 
= politeness, summa comitas. chivalrous, 
adj. fortis et urbanus. 

choice, I. n. delectus, -us, electio. II. adj. 
praecipuus, eximius. choose, v.tr. eligere, 
deligere. 

choir, n. 1, chorus. 2, = — of a church, 
*absis. chorister, n. (puer) symphoniacus. 

choke, I. v.tr. suffocare, animam i ntercludere, 
praecludere. II. v.intr. suffocari, strangulare. 

choler, n. see Anger, cholera, n. pestis. 

chop, I. v.tr. abscidere; — a tree, — the 
hands, amputare. II. v.intr. se vertrre, vcrti. 
III. n. offa. 

chord, n. nervus, fides, -ium, pi. 

Chorus, n. chorus ; leader of — , chorogus. 

Chough, n. corius. 

Christ, 'Christ us. Christendom, d. *popu- 



lus Christianus. Christian, adj. * Christ 'aims. 
Christianity, n. * lex ov religio Christiana. 

chronic, adj. longinquus, diutumus. 

chronicle, I. v.tr. in annates refcrre. II. 
n. annates, -ium, in., fasti, chronicler, n. 
annalium scriptor. chronology, n. temponun 
or annorum ratio. chronological, adj. 
— errors, temporum actatumque errores. Adv. 
servato temporum online. 

church, n. ecclesia. 

churl, n. homo agrestis, rusticus, inurbanus. 
churlish, adj. inurbanus, agrestis, rusticus. 
Adv. rustics, inurbane, churlishness, n. 

rusticitas. 

churn, I. n. labrum ad butyrum faciendum. 
II. v.tr. butyrum faccre. 

cicatrice, n. cicatrix. 

cider, n. vinum ex malis confectum. 

cimeter, n. acinaces, -is, m. 

cinder, n. carbo ei($)tinctus. 

Cipher, I. n. 1, vota, lit(t)era secretior; 2, 
a mere — , nullo numero esse; see Number. II. 
v.intr. computare. 

Circle, n. 1, lit. orbis, -is, in., circulus ; to 
descrihe a. —, circulum duccre ; 2, = an assembly, 
corona; social — , circulus; family — J'cmilia. 

circuit, n. circuitus, -us, ambitus, -us, orbis, 
-is, m. 

circular, I. adj. orbiculatus, rotvndw. II. 

n. lit(t)eraecircumalqosdimissae. circulation, 
n. circuitus, -us ; there is a rumour in — . rumor 
est. circulate, I. v.tr. circiimagere. II. v.intr. 
circiunagi, commcare; of money, in usum venire. 
circumference, n.orbis,-is, in. circuitus,-us. 

circumflex, n. When pronounced, circum- 
fiexus accentus, its (Gram.) ; when written, syllaba 
circumflexa (Gram.). 

circumlocution, n. circuitio. 

circumnavigate, v.tr. circumvehi (navi or 
classe). 

circumscribe, v.tr. circumscribcrc, circum- 
venire. 

circumspect, adj. cautus, providvs, pru- 
dens. Adv. caute, prudenter. circumspec- 
tion, n. cautio, prudentia, circumspectio. 

circumstance, n. res, caus(s)a, ratio ; also 
by hoc, id, etc.; under these — s, quae cum ita 
sint. circumstantial, adj. — evidence, tes- 
timonium e rebus collcctum. Adv. accurate. 

circumvallation, n. circummunitio. 

circumvent, v.tr. circumvenire. 

cistern, n. cistema, puteus. 

citadel, n. arx, castellum. 

cite, v.tr. 1, = quote, afferrc,proferre, memo- 
rare; 2, = — before a court, citare, in jus vocare. 

citizen, n. civis, in. and f. citizenship, 

n. civitas ; to present or bestow — , civitatem 
alci dare, impertire, tribuere, alqm in civitatem 
accipere or recipiere. city, n. urbs{=a town, 
as opp. to country), oppidum, municipiwn (=a 
free city which had received the jus civile Roma- 
num), colonia (= a Roman settlement). 

citron, n. malum citrum. 

civic, adj. civills, civicus. 

civil, adj. I,=civic,cit!i7is; — process, cavs(s}a 

privata ; — rights, jus civile; — war, bcllum. 
civile ox intestinum ; 2, = polite, urbanus, bene 
moratus. Adv. urbane. civilization, "n. 
cultus, -us, humanus, humanitas. civilize, v.tr. 
crpolire, ad humanilaUm irformare or efflngere, 
clad. adj. I'estitus. 



cla 



659 



coa 



claim, I. n. 1, = a demand, postulatio,petitio; 

2, = a right, jus, juris, u. II. v.tr. postidare, 
petere, poscere, flagitare, quaerire. claimant, 
n. (at law), petitor. 

clammy, adj. lentus. 

Clamour, I. n, vociferalio, clamor, voces, 
-urn, f. II. v.intr. (con)clamare alqd or ace. and 
infill., or vociferari. clamorous, adj. see 
Noisy. 

clan, n. yens, tribus, -us, f. 

clandestine, adj. clandestinus, furtivus. 
Adv. clam, furtim. 

clang, I, n. sonus, -us, sonitus, -us. II. 
v.intr. (re)sonare. 

clank, I. ii. crepitus, -us. II. v.tr. crepi- 
turn alqd re dare. 

clap, I. u. strepitus, -us, plausus, -us; s — of 
the wings, alarum crepitus, -us; thunder — , 
tonitrus, -us. II. v.tr. 1, = strike, fcrire ; 2, 
— the wings, etc., alas quatere ; 3, = applaud, 
alci (ap)plaudere ; — the hands, multibus plau- 
dumfacere. 

claret, n. vinum. 

Clarify, v.tr. deliquare. 

clash, I. v.tr. = strike, pulsare, percu- 
tere. II. v.intr. 1, = strike together, concur- 
rere ; 2, = to disagree, inter se (re)pugnare, 
dissidere, discrepare; 3, = to sound, so nare. III. 
n. 1, = collision, concursus, -iis; 2, = sound, 
sonus, -us, sonitus, -us. 

clasp, I. n. fibula. II. v.tr. 1, fibula, conjun- 
gere ; 2, see Embrace, Grasp. 

class, n. classis (Quint.), ordo, m. ( = rank of 
citizens, etc.), genus, -eris, n. ; a — of learners, 
discipuli. classic, I. n. (= writer) scriptor or 
tcriptor optimus, praecipuus. II. adj. optimus, 
praecipuus, eximixis. classify, v.tr. in genera 
describere. 

clatter, I. n, crepitus, -us, sonus, -iis. II« 
v.intr. sonare. 

clause, n. 2 Mr s, membrum, caput. 

claw, I. n. unguis; of a crab, brachium. 
II. v.tr. ungues alci (rei) in{j)icere. 

Clay, n. argilla ; of — , argillaceus. 

Clean, I. adj. purus, mundus. II. v.tr. 
purgare. III. adv. = quite, prorsus. cleanli- 
ness, n. rnunditia, mundilies. 

clear, I. adj. 1, clarus, lucidus, perspicuus, 
planus, manifestus, evidens ; it is — , apparet, 
liquet ; 2, see Innocent ; 3, see Free. Adv. 1, 
distincte, perspicue, plane, manifests, lucide; 2, 
= without doubt, sine dubio. II. v.tr. 1, (ex)- 
purgare = make clear; 2, see Explain; 3, = 
free from a charge, absolvere, liberare. III. 
v.intr. it - s up, tempestas fit Serena, clear- 
ness, n. l,claritas; 2, sere ititas (of weather); 

3, of a proof, res explorata, - fides, clear- 
sighted, adj. sagax, {sol)lers. clear starch, 
n. amylum. 

cleave, I. v.intr. see Adhere. II. v.tr. 
(dif)findcre, scindere. cleaver, n. cultellus. 
cleft, n. fissura, fissum, rima. 

clemenoy, n. dementia, gratia, mansuetudo. 
Clement, adj. Clemens, mansueius, indulgent. 

clench, v.tr. manum comj>rimere. 

clergy, n. telerus, * derici; — man, saccn/os, 
''clerkus. olerical, adj. *dericus, "ccclesiasticus. 

clerk, n. scriba, in. librariits. 

Clever, adj. Mbilis, sol(l)ers, pcritus alcjs 
rei. Adv. sol(l)erter, peritc. cleverness, n. 
peritia, habilitas, so!(i)crtia. 

Client, n. clievs (= both dependent in gen. 



and client of a lawyer, in which sense also con- 
suitor), clientship. n. dientela. 

Cliff, n. scopulus, saxum. 

climate, U. caelum, cadi status, -iis, aer. 

Climax, n. gradatio; in oratory, the — of 
happiness, summa fclicitas. 

Climb, v.tr.- a{d)scendcre, scandere, eniti in 
alqd. 

clinch, v.tr. clavulo figere. 

cling, v.intr. adhaerere rei; — to a person, 
alqm amplecti, sectari. 

clink, I. v.intr. iinnire, sonare. II. n. 
tinnitus, -its, sonitus, -Us. 

clip, v.tr. praecidere, circumcidere, resecare. 

cloak, I. n. 1, amiculum, pallium, sagum, 
lacerna, paenula ; 2, fig. species. II, 'v.tr. 
tegere. 

clock, n. horologium. 

clod, n. glaeba (gleb). 

clog, I. u. impedimentum. II. v.tr. im- 
pedire. 

cloister, n. 1, = colonnade, porticus, -us, f. ; 

2, = monastery, * rnoxxisterium. 

Close, I. v.tr. 1, = shut, claudere, occlu- 
dire; 2, = ihris\i,finire,conficere; 3, — abargain, 
de pretio cum alqo pacisci ; 4, — with anyone, 
manutn conserere. II. n. 1, — iuclosure, saep- 
tum; 2, = end, finis, in. and ', exitus, -us. 
III. adj. 1, =3 reserved, tucilumus, tectus ; 2, 
= near, propinquus, vicinus, finitimus ; — rela- 
tionship, propiwpiitas ; — friendship, conjunc- 
tio ; 3,= solid, densus, solidus ; 4, = com- 
pressed (of speech), pressus, brevis. Adv. 1, tecte ; 

3, solide ; 4, presse, breviter. closeness, n. 

I, laciturnitas ; 2, propinqiutas, vicinitas; 3, 
soliditas. 

closet, n. cubiculum. 

clot, I. n. glaeba ( = lump) ; — of blood, 
sanguis concretus. II. v.tr. congelare. 
cloth, n. textum, pannvB. clothes, n. 

vestitus, -us, vestes, -Utm, f. vestimenta. clothe, 
v.tr. alqm vestire, amicire ; — oneself, induere 
sibi vestcm; — with, vestiri or amiciri re. 

cloud, I. n. nubes, -is, f. II. v.tr, ob- 
scurare, tegere. III. v.intr. nubibus obducere. 
cloudy, adj. mibilus. cloudless, adj. nubi- 
bus vacuus, serenus. 

clover, n. tri/olium. 

clown, n. homo rusticus, agrestis. clown- 
ish, adj. rusticus, agrestis. Adv. rustice. 

cloy, v.tr. satiare. 

club, I. n. 1, = cudgel, clava ; 2, = society, 
circulus, /actio, sodalitas. II. v.tr. in medium 
proferre. club-foot, n. tali pravi. club- 
footed, adj. scaurus. 

cluck, v.intr. singultire, glocire. 

clue, n. glomus, filum (of thread); fig. vesti- 
gium, indicium. 

clump, n. glaeba. 

clumsy, adj. agrestis, inhabilis, itieptus, 
rusticus; a — joke, jocus illiberalis; — manners, 
mores rustici. Adv. laevc, illibercditer, rustice ; 
to act — , rustice facers, clumsiness, n. rus- 
ticitas, inscitia. 

cluster, I. n. 1, = bunch, fasciculus (of 
flowers), uva (of grapes), racemus, corymbus (of 
any berries) ; 2, = a group, circulus, corona. 

II. v.intr. (frequentes) convenire. 

clutch, I. v.tr. comprehendcrc. II. n., to 
get into one's — es, manus alci in(j)icerc. 

coach, n. carpentum, pilentum,ci$ium, raeda. 
coachman, a. yaedarius 2 auriga. 



coa 



660 



corn 



coadjutor, n. socius, colleqa, m. 

coagulate, v.intr. coire, concrescerc, coagu- 
lari. 

coal, n. carbo. 

coalesce, v.intr. coalescere, coire. coali- 
tion, 1j. conjunctio, consociatio. 

coarse, adj. 1, crassus; 2,= rude, agrcstis, 
ruslicus, inurbantis. Adv. crasse, nistice, inur- 
bane, coarseness, n. 1, crassitudo ; 2, in- 
humanitas, mores inctdti. 

coast, I. n. litus, -oris, n. ora ; lying on the — , 
maritinius. II. v.tr. Oram legere, praetervehi. 

coat, I, n. 1, toga, tunica ; 2, = hide, vellvs, 
■Iris, n., pellis; 3, = of paint, circumlitio. II. 
V.tr. alqd alci rei indnere. 

coax, v.tr. alci blandiri, alqm permulcere, 
morem alci gerere. 

cobble, v.tr. 1, lit. sarcirc ; 2, tig. inscien- 
ter face re alqd. cobbler, n. stitor. 

COCk, v.tr. erigere. 

cock, n. 1, as to the gender, mas: 2, = the 
male ol' the fowl, gallus. cockcrow, n. canlus, 
-us, galli. cockroach, cockchafer, scara- 
baeus. cock-a-hoop, to be — , ex(s)ulture. 

cockle, n. = a fish, pecten. 

cod, n. asellus. 

code, n. codex juris, corpus juris (e.g. 
Homani), leges, codify, v.tr. leges describere. 

coemption, n. coemptio. 

coequal, adj. aequalis. 

coerce, v.tr. co'erccre, cohibcre. coercion, 
n. necessitas. coercive, adj. validus(= strong), 
or by verb (e.g. qui cohibel). 

coexistent, adj. quod eodem tempore est. 
coffer, n. cista. 

coffin, u. area, loculns, sarcophagus. 
cog, ll. of a wheel, dens, m. 

cogent, adj. firmus, ralidus. cogency, 
n. persuasio, ratio quae fidem facit. 

cogitate, v.intr. cogitare. cogitation, u. 
cogihttie. cognition, n. cognitin, scientia. cog- 
nizance, n. cognitio. cognizant, adj. alcjs 
rei conscius. 

cohabit, v.intr. concumbcre. 

Coheir, n. coheres, -edis, in. and f. 

cohere, v.intr. cuhaercre (both lit. and fig.). 
coherent, adj. eohaerens, contextus, continens, 
sibi congruens. Adv. contexlr. continenler ~ibi 
constanter or convenienter. 

cohort, n. cohors. 

coin, I. n. nummtts; good — , nummi boni; 
bad — , nummi adulterini. II. v.tr. cudere, 
ferire, signare. coinage, n. res mtmmaria. 
coiner, n. qui aes or nnmmos endit. 

coincide, v.intr. 1, = to happen at the 
same time, eodem tempore fieri, or incidere ; 2, 
see Agree, coincidence, n. = chance, fors, 
casus, -vs. 

coition, n. coitus, •us. 

'old, I. adj. 1, lit. frigidns, gelidus (— icy 
cold): in — blood, consullo ; 2, lig. fastidiosus, 
swperbus. Adv. 1, frigide, gelide ; 2, fustidi- 
ose, svperbe. II. n. or coldness, n. frigus, 
■oris, n., algor, gelu. cold-blooded, adj. sec 
Cruel. 

collapse, v.intr. collabi, concidere, corrtiere. 

collar, I. n. coUare, monile, torques, -is, m. 

and f. ; dog — , armilla ; rmrae — , jugvvi. II. 
V.tr. vrehendere. collar-bone, n. jugulum. 



collation, n. 1, = comparison, collatio; 2, 
= a meal, cena. collate, v.tr. conferrc. 

colleague, n. collega, ill. 

collect, I. v.tr. colligere, conferre, comport- 
are, conquirere,congercrc; — oneself, se colligere; 

— money, taxes, etc., exigent, accipere. II. 
v.intr. convent re, coire. collection, n. 1, of 
money, collatio; 2, = an assemblage, thesaurus. 

college, n. 1, = body, collegium, socielas, 
sodalitas ; 2, = building, schola. 

collier, u. 1, = a man, carbonarius ; 2, = a 
ship, navis oneraria. 

collocation, n. collocatio, concursus, -us. 

colloquy, n. colloquium, colloquial, 

adj. — speech, sermo communis. 

collusion, n. collusio. 

colonel, n. tribunus militum, praefectus. 

colony, n. colonia, coloni. colonist, n. 
colonus. colonial, adj. by gen. of colonia. 
colonize, v.tr. coloniam constiluere or collo- 
care. 

colonnade, n. eolumnarum ordo, -inis, m., 
porlicus, -us, f. 

colossal, adj. vastus, ingens, inmanis. 

colour. I. n. 1, = a quality of bodies, color ; 
2, = a paint, pigmentum ; 3, — pretext, species; 
4, pi. = standards, signum, vexillum. II. v.tr. 

I, lit. colorare, tingere, inficire; 2, fig. speciem 
offcrrc. III. v.intr., see Blush. 

colt, n. pullus equinus (of horse), asininus 
(of ass). 

column, n. 1, = a pillar, columna; 2, in 
printing, pagina ; 3, in an army, agmen; iu 
two — s, biparlito ; in three — s, tripartita. 

comb, I. n. pecten ; (of a cock) crista, juba. 

II. v.tr. pecterr. 

combat, I. u. pugna, certamen, dimicatio, 
concurstis, -us, proelium ; (with the fists) pngi- 
latus, -us, pugilatio ; (in wrestling) luctatus, -us, 
luctatio. II. v.intr., see Fioht. 

combine, v.tr. (con)jungcre, consociare, cum 
alqo societatem inire. combination, n. (con)- 
junctio, societas. 

combustion, n. emstio. combustible, 

adj. quod comburi potest . 

come, v.intr. (per)venire, advenire, accedere, 
appropinquare (= to draw near); — on foot, 
peditem venire; — on horseback, eqno (ud)vehi; 

— to a place often, ad alqm (locum) ventitare, 
alqm (locum) frequentare ; it — s into my mind, 
in mentem venit; he — s to himself, ad se redit, 
se colligit, animum recipit ; how — s it that? qui 
factum est tit etc., ex quo fit vt, quo factum est 
ut ; I know not how it. — s to pass, fit nescio 
quomodo ; — as it may, vtcumque res ceciderit, 
he has — to that audacity, eo usque auda- 
ciae progressns est ut; to — about = happen, 
evenire, fieri ; — in the way of, alci obstare; — 
ne;ir, appropinquare; — off or out, evadere (= 
escape); — round, sententiam tnutare; — to- 
gether, mnvenire; — to light, in lucem proferri. 
coming, ii. adventvs, -us, rcditio, reditus, -us. 

comedy, n. comoedia. comic, adj. 1, = 

belonging to comedy, comicus ; 2, = ridiculous, 
ridiculus,facelus. Adv. ridicule, faccte. 

comely, adj. bellus, vennsttm, pnlcher. 
comeliness, n. venttstas, decor, pulchritndo. 

comet, n. cometes, -ae, m. 

comfort, I. v.tr. 1, = console, alqm con- 
solar i ; 2, == refresh, alqm alqd re reficere, re- 
ereare. II. n. 1, = consolation, solatium, 
consolatio ; 2, ~ ease, copia, afiltientia ; 3, com- 
forts, covimoda, -orum. comfortable, sdi, 



com 



661 



com 



grains ( = agreeable), jucundus ( = happy). Adv. 
grate, jitcniule. comfortless, adj. 1, sins spe ; 
2, = uncomfortable, incommodiis. comforter, 

n. consolator. 

command, I. v.tr. 1, alqm alqd facere 
jubcre, alci alqd or id imperare ; — oneself, sibi 
imperare; 2,= — a place, alci loco imminere. 
II. n. 1, in war, imperiuvi ; 2, = order, 
jussum, mandatum; of the senate, decretum; 
8, = — of oneself, continentia, temperantia. 
commander, n. dux, imperator ; of a fleet, 
praefcctus classis. See Order. 

commemorate, v.tr. commemorate, cele- 
brare. commemoration, n. celebratio, com- 
metiwratio ; in — of, in memoriam alcjs. 

commence, v.tr. incipere; see Begin. 

commend, v.tr. 1, = recommend, alqm alci 
commendare ; 2, = praise, laudare. commend- 
ation, n. commendatio, laus, -dis, f. com- 
mendable, adj. laudabilis. Adv. lavdabiliter. 
commendatory, adj. commendaticius. 

comment, I. v.tr. interpretari, cxplan- 
are, enarntre, cominentari. II. n. and com- 
mentary, n. inter pretatio, explanatio, enur- 
ratio, commentator, n. interpres, -His, in. 
and f., explanator. 

commerce, n. 1, = business, commercium, 
negotia,-orum,mercatiira; 2, = intercourse, usus, 
-iis, commercium, consuetude, commercial, 
adj. ad commercium pertinens. 

commingle, v.tr. see Mingle. 

commiserate, v. be. commiseration, 
n. see Pity. 

commissariat, n. 1, = provision depart- 
ment, res frumentaria ; 2, = officer over this 
department, rei frumentarii praefectus. com- 
missary, n. procurator. 

• commission, I. n. 1, mandatum ; to 
execute a — , mandatum exsequi, coiificcre ; 2 (as 
an office or charge) munus, -em, n., procuratio ; 
to hold a — in the army, ordines ducere ; 3, = 
body of arbitrators, etc., arbitri, or gut alqd 
investigant. II. v.tr. alqd alci or ut, mandare. 
commissioner, n. procurator. 

commit, v.tr. 1, = to intrust, dare, mandate, 
.committere ; 2, = to send to prison, in custodiam 
dare, in vincula con(j)icere ; 3, = do, facere, 
committere (in se) admittere, patrare; — a fault, 
frrare ; — murder, occidere. 

committee, n. consilium; — of two, duum- 
viri ; — of three, triumviri, etc. 

commodious, adj. commodu-s, opportunus, 
aptus. Adv. commode, opportune, apte. com- 
modity, n. 1, = convenience, utilitas; 2, — 
an article, res, commoditas, mens. 

common, I. adj. 1, = belonging to several 
people, communis, publicus; — wealth, or weal, 
or good, respublica; — sense, communis sensus 
,-us (that which all men feel), = practical 
wisdom, prudentia ; in — , communiter ; 2,= 
ordinary, plebeius, cot(t)idianu$ Ujuot.), vulgaris; 
3, the — s, plebs. Adv. communiter ; = usually, 
fere, ferine. II. n. ager puhlicus. common- 
place, I. adj. vulgaris. II. n. alqd (scrmone) 
tritum. commoner, n. vnus eplebe. 

commotion, n. tuvuiltus, -its, motus, -its, 
agittttio. 

commune, v.intr. colloqui cum alqo, alqdcom- 
municare or conferre inter se. communicate, 
v.tr., sec Shark, Tei.i.. communication, n. 
communicatio, usus, -iis, consuetudo. commu- 
nicative, adj. Inqnax (= talkative), qui alqd 
(e)>inrrarc vult. communion, n. 1, = inter- 
course, commercium, societas, consuetudo, conjunc- 
tio; 2, eccles.t.t. * communio, ' eucluirislia,* cena 



Domini, community, n. 1, = Communion 1 ; 
2, of goods, vitae commuuitas ; 3, = the state, 
cioitas, respublica. 

commute, v.tr. = to exchange, (per)mu- 
tare, committors, commutation, n. commu- 
tatio, redemptio. 

compact, I. n. pactin, pactum, convention; 
by — , ex pacto, ex convento ; to form a — , pactsci 
cum 'alqo. II. adj. densus, crassus, conferlus, 
solidits, pressus. Adv. solide, presse. 

companion, n. comes, -itis, m. and f., socius, 
sodalis, m. ; boon — , conviva, m. and f. com- 
panionable, adj. affabilis, facilis. com- 
panionship, n. by socius (e.g. he gave me his 
— , se mild socium conjunxit). company, n. 
societas; to form a — , societatem facere ; toeuter 
into — with, alqm socium sibi jungere. 

compare, v.tr. comparare, componere, con- 
ferre. comparable, adj. quod compararipotest, 
comjKirabilis. comparison, n. comparatio, 
collatio ; in — of or with, prae, ad ; comparatus 
ad alqd. comparative, adj. comparative. 
Adv. co?npa?'a/e. 

compass, I. n. 1, *acus magnetica nautar- 
um; 2, — extent, ambitus, -us, circuitus, -us, 
modus. II. v.tr. 1, = surround, alqd alci rei 
or alqd re circumdare, stipare ; 2, = go round, 
circumire ; 3, see Attain. 

compassion, n. misericordia. compas- 
sionate, adj. misericors. Adv. cummisericordid. 

compatible, adj. see Accordance. 

compatriot, n. civis, in. and f. 

compel, v.tr. alqm ad alqd (faciendum) or 
accus. and infln. or ut, cogere, adigere. compul- 
sory, adj. per vim. compulsion, n. vis, ne- 
cessitas ; by — , vi, per vim. 

compendious, adj. brevis, in angustum 
coactus, compendium, n. epitome, -es, f., or 
epitoma, excerpla, -orum. 

compensate, v.tr. alqd (cum) alqd re com- 
pensare ; — a loss, damnum restituere. com- 
pensation, n. compensatio. 

compete, v.intr. 1, lit. cum alqo contendere ; 
compelire ; 2, fig. alqm or alqd aemulari. com- 
petent, adj. see Able. Adv. satis, compet- 
ency, n. divitiae. competition, ii. aemu- 
latio. competitor, n. aemulus, competitor. 

compile, v.tr. in unum conferre. com- 
pilation, n. epitome, -es, f., excerpta, -orum. 

complacent, adj. 1, see Complaisant ; 2, 
= self-satislied, qui sibiplar.et. complacency, 
n. voluptas, delectatio, amor sui. 

complain, v.intr. (cou)<2U€ri dere or alqd, ex- 
postulare de re. complaint, n. 1, questus, -iis, 
querimonia, querela, expostulalio ; 2,= illness, 
morbus. 

complaisant, adj. comis, indulgens, facilis ; 
to be — to anyone, more?n alci genre. 

complete, I. v.tr. complere, explere, sicp- 
plire, aosolvere (=to finish), conficcre, annulare. 
II. adj. absolutus, perfectus, Justus, integer, 
plains. Adv. absolute, pcrfecte, omnino, j>rorsus, 
plane (the last three — altogether), comple- 
tion, n. confeclio, absolutio, finis, m. and f. 
complement, n. complementu m, supplementum. 

complex, adj. multiplex, complexity, n. 
implicatio. complexion, n. cotor. 

complicate, v.tr. implicare. compli- 
cated, adj. difficilis, involutus, impeditus. 
complication, n. res impeditu et difficilis, 
diffictdtas. 

compliment, I. n. 1, laus ; to pay — s, 
laudem alci tribuere ; 2, = salutation, salutatio, 
scdus, -ulis, f. ; to send one"s — s, alqm ralere 



com 



662 



con 



jnltfre. II. v.tr. laudare, eongratnlari. com- 
plimentary, adj. honorificus. 

comply, v.i nt Y."kiobsequi,alci morcmgercre; 
to — with one's requests, alcjs prrcibus indulge re. 
compliance, n. obsequium, indulgeutia, offi- 
cinm. compliant, adj. see Complaisant. 

components, n. partes, -him, f. 

compose, v.tr. 1, a book, (con)scribere ; in 
verse, rcrsibus scribere 7 2, of music, modos 
faccrc ; 3, see Arrange ; 4, = to reconcile differ- 
ences, componere. composed, adj. tranquillus, 
quietus. Adv. tranquille, quiete. composer, 
n. scriptor. composition, n. 1, = the act, 
eompositio ; 2, = a writing, scriptum. compo- 
sure, n. tranquiUitas. 

■ compound, I. v.tr. 1, lit. componere, eon- 
fundcre ; 2, fig. componere ; to be — ed of, ex al j 
re constare ; 3, — lor, satis habere with accus. 
and intin. II, adj. compositus, multiplex. III. 
n. 1, res admixta; 2, = an enclosure, saeptum. 

comprehend, v.tr. 1, = contain, continere, 
coinpreheudere ; 2, = understand, compr(eh)en- 
dere, intellegere (intellig.), perspicere. compre- 
hensible, adj. facilis intellectu, ^rspicuus, 
planus. Adv. plane, perspicue, apern,. com- 
prehension, n. comprehensio, intclleyentia. 
comprehensive, adj. late ixttens. Adv. pen- 
itus, promts. 

compress, I. v.tr. comprimere, condensare, 
coartare. II. n. = bandage, penicillus or peni- 
•Hllnm. compression, n. oompressio, com- 
pressus, -us. 

compromise, I. v.tr. compromittcre (i.e. 
agreement to abide by the decision of an ar- 
bitrator). II. n. compromissum, see Aoree. 

compulsion, n. see Compel. 

compunction, n. ,poenitentia ; I have — 
for, poenitet vie ret. 

compute, v.tr. computare, see Reckon. 

comrade, n. = a fellow-soldier, cuntubemalis, 
commilito, socius. comradeship, n. contu- 
bernium. 

conoave, adj. conmvus. 

conceal, v.tr. celare, occidtare alqd alqm. 

concede, v.tr. conccdere. concession, n. 

concescs: wncessus, -its. 

conceit, n. 1, = opinion, opinio, sententia ; 
2, = pride, arrogantia, fastidiitm. conceited, 
R(lj. arrngans, fastidiosiis. Adv. arraganter, 
fastidiose. 

conceive, v.tr. 1, physically, concipere; 2, 
fig. cogitare, intellegere (intellig.); see Imagine. 

concentrate, v.tr. colligere, contrahere, in 
it more conferre. 

conception, n. 1, = procreation, concej,tio, 
conceptus, -Us; 2, in the mind, notin, opinio; 
to form a — , mente fingere alqd, notionem rei 
(animo) concipere. 

concern, I. n. 1, res, negotinm, cura; 2, fig. 
anxietas, sol(l)ici!udo, cura. II. v.tr. 1, = to re- 
late to, pert in? re ad idqd ; it — s, refert, interest ; 
to — oneself, alci studlre ; 2, to be — ed = 
troubled, alqd aegreferre. concerning, prep. 
de, abl. ; per, OCCUS. 

concert, I. n. 1, symphonic, eoncentns, -its, 
certamen musieum ; 2, = agreement, consensus, 
-its, concordia. II. v.tr. in ire consilium de 
alfjd re, pacisci alqd cum ulqo. 

conciliate, v.tr. coneiliare. conciliation, 
n. conciliatio. conciliatory, adj. blandvs. 

concise, adj. brevvs, pressus. Adv. presse, 
breviter. conciseness, n. brevitas. 
conclave, a., see Assembly. 



conclude, v.tr. l,=to finish, finire, conficere, 

coneludere ; 2,=todrawa conclusion, coneludere; 
3, =to decide, statitere, constituere. conclu- 
sion, n. 1, finis, in. and f. ; 2. conclusio. con- 
clusive, adj. gravis. Adv. graviter. 

concoct, v.tr. 1, = to mix, miscere; 2, 
fig. fingere, machinari. concoction, n. potus, 
-its. 

concomitant, adj., -ly, adv., cum with 
abl. 

concord, n. concordia, consensus, -'iis. con- 
cordant, adj. concors, congruens, consjiirans. 
Adv. congruenter. 

concourse, n. concursus, -iis, conenrsio. 

concrete, adj. concretus(= grown together), 
solidus (= solid). 

concubinage, n. conevbinatus, -iis. con- 
cubine, n. concubina, pellex. 

concupiscence, n. libido (tub.). 

concur, v.intr. consentire, congruere, con- 
venire, concurrence, n. consensio, consensus, 
■iis. concurrent, adj., -ly, adv. una, aimuL 

concussion, n. concussio, concursus, -iis. 

condemn, v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare ; — 
to death, alqm capitis damnare or condemnare; 
2, = disapprove, improbare, reprehendere, *cul- 
pare, condemnation, n. 1, damnatio ; 2, 
reprehensio, culpa, condemnable, adj. re- 
preliendendus, repreliensione dignus. condem- 
natory, adj. damnatorins. 

condense, I. v.tr. densare, spissd're. II. 
v.intr. concrescere. condensation, n. densato. 

condescend, v.intr., comiler sc genre, con- 
descending, adj. comis, facilis. Adv. comiter. 
condescension, n. comitas, facilitas. 

condign, adj. 1, = due, debitus, mcritus; 
2, = severe, acerbns, atrox. 

condiment, n. condimentum. 

condition, I. n. 1, = state, condicio, res, 
status, -iis; 2, = stipulation, condicio, pactum, 
conventum; under the — , ed condicione, ed lege. 
II. v.tr. circv.mscriMre. conditional, adj. 
incertus, condicionibus subjectus. Adv. eo pacta 
ut, etc., iiore sine exception e. conditioned, 
adj. affectus ; well, ill — , bene, male morutus. 

condole, v.tr. casum alcjs dolere. 

conduce, v.intr. Jadre or efflccre ut. con- 
ducive, adj utilis, dat, or ad. 

conduct, I. v.tr. 1, = to lead, ducfre, agere ; 
in a procession, deducere, prosequi ; 2, = manage, 
gerere, administrare ; — oneself, se gerere or 
praebere. II. n. 1, = behaviour, vitac ratio, 
mores, -urn; 2, = management, adminislratio, 
procuratio. conductor, n. dux, procurator. 
conduit, n. aqnaeditctus, -us. 

cone, n. conns. 

confectionery, n. dvlcia, -turn, confec- 
tioner, n. pistor dulciarius (late). 

confederacy, n. foedus, -cris, n., sneietas. 
confederates.il. socii, foederuti. confeder- 
ate, adj. foederatus. 

confer, I. v.intr. = to talk with, deliberare, 
consulture de alqd re. or vtrum. II. v.tr. si ■■ 
Give, conference, n. consilium, colloquium. 

confess, v.tr. /uteri, confiteri. confessed- 
ly, adv. sine diibio, j'lane. confession, U. 
eonfessio. 

confide, I. v.tr. alqd alci committere, traders, 
mandate, credere. II. v.intr. — in, alci or alci 
rei or alqo or alqd re (con)fidcre. confidant, n. 
(alcjs reijeonscius, conscia. confidence, n. fides, 
fiducia, fidentia, confident ia (=esp. self — ); to 
tell in — , alci nt amico certissimo dicere. con- 



eon 



663 



eon 



fident, adj. aid (ret) confidens, alqd refretus, or 
by certus, coufirmatns ; see Certain. Adv. 
(am)fidenter. confidential, adj. l, = trust- 
worthy, fid us, fidelis, or alrjs rei consents; 2, see 
Secret. Adv. see Secretlv. confiding, adj. 
credttlus. 

confine, I. n. finis, m. and f., terminus, 
limes, -His, conliuium. II. v.tr. 1, see Re- 
strain ; 2, see Imprison ; 3, to be — d in 
childbed, parere. confinement, n. 1, = im- 
prisonment, custodia; 2, = childbirth, partus, 
•us. 

confirm, v.tr. affirmare, confirmare, suncire, 
ratwn facire, ratttm esse jubcre. 

confiscate, v.tr. publiaxre. confiscation, 

n. publicatio. 

conflagration, u. incendium, ignis, m. 

conflict, I. n. certamen, pugna, proelium; 
of opinions, dissensio. II. v.intr. 1, = to strike 
together, ameurrim; 2, — to tight, pugnare; 
3, = to differ, dissentire, discrepare, rcpugnare. 

confluence, n. 1, = the place where rivers 
meet, confluens or confluentes ; 2, see Con- 
course. 

conform, I. v.tr. alqd ad alqd or alci rei 

accommodare. II. v.intr. to — to, alci or alci rei 
obsequi, obtempcrare, inservire. conformable, 
adj. ad alqd accommodatus, alci rei or cum alqd 
re congruens, conveniens, consentaneity. Adv. con- 
gruenter, convenienter. conformation, n. eon- 
Jormatio, forma, conformity, n. consensus, 
■its, consensio, convenientia. 

confound, v.tr. 1, see Confuse; 2, = to 
astonish, percutere, consternare ; 3, = to bring to 
naught, ad irritum redigere, evertere; 4, as an ex- 
clamation, — it, di pcrdaut. 

confraternity, n. fratemitas, societas, so- 
dalitas. 

confront, v.tr. adversus alqm stare, alci ob- 
viam ire. 

confuse, v.tr. eonfundire, (per)misccre, (per)- 
turbare. confusion, n. confusio, perturbatio. 

confute, v.tr. refellere, redargucre, conftttare, 
re/ittare. 

congeal, I. v.tr. (con)gelure. II. v.intr. 
(conjgelan, frigere, altfire. 

congenial, adj. alci or alci rei or cum alqd 
re congmens, conveniens; = pleasant, jucitndus. 

congeries, n. congeries. 

congratulate, v.tr. alci de alqd re, or alqd 
or quod, gratulari. congratulation, n. gratu- 
latio. congratulatory, adj. gratulahundus. 

congregate, I. v.tr. coglre, congregare. II. 
v.intr. cog i, congrcgari, convenire, coire, conflttere 
congregation, n. conventus, -us, coetus, -us 
concio. 

congress, n. conventus, -us, concilium. 

congruity, n. convenientia, see Conform. 

congruous, adj., see Conformable. 

conjecture, I. n. conjectura, opinio, suspicio, 
divinaho. II. v.tr. conjectura augurari or con- 
sequi. conjectural, adj. quod conjectura pro- 
spin potest. Adv. conjectttrd. 

conjugal, adj. conjugalis. 

conjugate, v.tr. declinare (Gram.), con- 
jugation, n. declinatio (Gram.). 

Jo?N nJUnCti ° n ' "' (Gram ->> conjunctio, see 

conjure I. v.tr. 1,= to entreat, obtestari, ob- 
seenm per alqm or alqd; 2, = to move by magic 
torms, admrare; to — up, (mortuorwn) animus 
eltcere. II. v.intr. = to act as a conjurer, prae- 



sligias ttgere. conjurer, n. + magns, venti- 
lator, + praestigiator. 

connect, v.tr. alqd atl alqdalligare, (con)jnn- 
gere alqd or alqm cum re. connected, adj. 
= coherent, continens. Adv. continenter, una 
tenore. connexion, n. 1, conjunctio, societas; 
2, = by marriage, afflnis. 

connive (at), v.intr. co(n)nicere in alqd re, 
alci rei or alci alqd ignoscere, alci or alci rei in- 
dttlgere. connivance, n. indulgentia. - 

connoisseur, n. artium liberalium peritus, 
homo ductus. 

conquer, v.tr. vincere, capcre, cxpugnare, 
superare. conqueror, n. victor, conquest, 
n. victoria, occupatio, expugnatio. 

consanguinity, n. sanguinis conjunctio. 

conscience, n. conscientia virtutis et vilior- 
um, c. factorum, c. mentis, religio, fides; a good 
— , c. rectefacti, mens bene sibiconscia; to have a 
good — , nullius culpae sibi conscium esse ; a bad 
— , c. scelerum, mens male sibi conscia. con- 
scientious, adj. religiosus, sanctus. Adv. 
religiose, sttnetc conscientiousness, n. 
religio, sanctitas, fides. 

conscious, adj. alcjs rei conscius, gnaras. 
Adv. use adj. (e.g. I did it — , gnarusfec'i). 

conscription, n. delectus, -us, conquisitio 

mililuin. 

consecrate, v.tr. (con)secrare, (de)dicare. 
consecrated, adj. saemtus, sacer. conse- 
cration, n. dedicatio. 

consecutive, adj. continens, conlinuus. 
Adv. continenter. 
consent, I. v.intr., see Agree. II. n. 1, 

consensus, -us, consensio ; 2, consensus, -iis, assen- 
sus, -us, see Agreement ; with your — , te con- 
sentiente. 

consequent, adj. consequens. Adv., see 
Therefore, consequence, n. 1, = result, 

consecutio, exitus, -iis, eventus, -its ; the — was 
that, ex quo factum est ut; in — of, ex or prat 
alqd re, quae cum ita sint, itaquc ; 2, — import- 
ance, auctoritas, momentum, pondus, -erit, n ; to 
be of — , multum valire. 

conserve, I. v.tr. 1, see Keep; 2, of fruit, 
coiulire. II. n. = jam, fructus conditi. con- 
servation, n. conservatio. conservative, 

I. adj. optimatibus addictus. II. n. units ex 
optimatibus. conservatory, n. (locus) ad 

plantas colendas vitreis munitus. 

consider, v.tr. 1, = to look at, spectare, in- 
tueri,conlemplari; 2, — to regard, ducerc, habere, 
exlstimare ; 3, see Think ; 4, — to be thoughtful 
for, alqm respicere. considerable, adj. mag- 
nus, gravis; also by aliquantum with genit. 
(al. praedae, — plunder ; al. aeris ulieni, — 
debt) ; a — number, multitttdo, vis. Adv. bK- 
quanto or aliquantum. considerate, adj. 

1, •= thoughtful, providus, providens, prudens, 
cautus ; 2, = thoughtful for others, alqm respi- 
ciens, alci consulens, benignus. Adv. 1, provide, 
providenter, prudenter, caute; 2, benigne. con- 
sideratcness, n. 1, providentia, rirudentia; 

2, benignitas. consideration, n. 1, with the 
eyes, contemplatio, conspectus, -its; 2, with the 
mind, judicium, meditatio, commentatio, consil- 
ium; 3, = thought for anyone, alcjs resjx>cri«, 
-us; 4, = motive, ratio; from these — s, quae 
cum ita sint ; 5, see Importance ; with — , con- 
siderate, consulto, consilio; to act with good — , 
bono consiliofacere alqd. 

consign, v.tr. deferre alqd ad alqm, credire, 
mandare alnd alci ; to — to the flames, alqd in 
fiammas con(J)ic6rc. 

consist, v.intr. = to be made of, in or ex alqd 



con 



664 



con 



n constare, composition esse, consistirc, alqd re 
Conlineri. consistent, adj. 1, — with, cum alqd 
re congruous, conveniens, concors, or by esse with 
the geuit. (e.g. it is — with my character, mei 
est); 2, = unchanging, constants. Adv. congru- 
enter, convenienter, constanter. consistence, 
consistency, n. 1, = thickness, crassitudo, 
soaditas ; 2, = agreement, constant ia. 

console, v.tr. consolari alqm, solatium afferre 
or solatia esse aid. consolation, n. solatium, 
consolatio. consoler, n. consolator. 
: consonant, I. n. = a letter, consonans 
(li(t)tera). II. adj. consentaneous, congruus cum 
alqd re. 

consort, I. n. comes, -itis, m. and f., socius, 
soda; = husband or wife, maritus, marita; 
conju(n)x, in. and f., uxor, f. II. v.intr. alqo 
familiariier uti, alci socium esse. 

conspicuous, adj. 1, = visible, conspicuus, 
clarus, manifestus; 2, = remarkable, insigni- 
Adv. dare, manifeste, mirum in modum. 

conspire, v.intr. conjurare, conjurationem 
facere, conspirare. conspiracy, n. conjuratio, 
conspiraiio. conspirator, n. conjnratus, -us, 
conjurationis socius. 
constable, n, ajqmrilor. 
constant, adj. 1, = incessant, continuvs, 
perpetuus; 2, = faithful, Jidelis. Adv. perpetuo, 
continuo, fideliter. constancy, n. 1, = 
patience, patientia, constantia ; 2, = perse- 
.verance, perseverantia, pervicacia ; 3, = continu- 
ance, perpetuitas ; 4, = fidelity, fides, fidelitas. 
constellation, n. sidus, -iris, n., stella. 
consternation, n. see Terror. 
constipate, v.tr. med. t.t. alvum a(d)strin- 
gere or cohibcre. 

constitnte, v.tr. statutre, constitucrc, desig- 
nare. constituent, adj. pars or res (e.g. — 
parts, alcjs rei partes, res e quibus alqd constat). 
constitution, n. 1, of body, coiporis consti- 
tutio, affectio, habitus, -us; a good — , corpus bene 
constitutum; a weak — , corporis imbecillitas; 2, 
of a state, civitatis forma, reipnblicae ratio. 
constitutional, adj. 1, innatus, i»*itus; 2, 
legitimus. Adv. 1, e uaturd; 2, legitime. 

constrain, v.tr. alqm consthngtre, vicofirere 
alci neccssitatem imponfre alcjs rei facienaae. 
constraint, n. vis; to do by — , alqd imnturn, 
facere. constrained, adj. = unnatural, 
inritus; of speech, oratio contorta, pcrplexa, 
difficilis; & — \t>nk,vultusfictus; a - laugh, risus 
invitus. 

construct, v.tr., see Bun.n, Make, con- 
struction, n. 1, = act of — , aedificatio, con- 
struct io ; 2, = interpretation, interpretation, to 
put a good, bad — on, alqd in bonam, malum 
partem acciiwre ; 3. = — of a sentence, rompositio. 
construe, v.tr., see Interpret. 
consult, v.tr. alqm consulere, consilium 
petere ab alqo ; to — anyone's interests, alci con- 
sulere. 

consume, v.tr. edere. consumption, n. 
consumptio ; = the disease, tabes, phthisis (I'lin.). 
consummate, I. v.tr. absolvere, cumnlare, 
perficere, conficer*. II. adj. sumpiv:-, absottttus, 
perfectus, or by superl. (e.g. vir doctissimns, of 
— learning). Adv. summe, absolute, perfecte. 
consummation, n. absolutio, perfectio. 

contact, n. tactio, (fionytadus, -us. con- 
tagion, n. contagio. contagious, adj. pes- 
tilens. 

contain, v.tr. continere, amplecti, compre* 
hendere ; to -- yourself, se cohibere, temperure sibi 
quominvs, etc. 



contaminate, v.tr. contaminare, inquin* 
are, pnlluere. contamination, n. contami- 
natio, macula, labes, -is, f. 

contemplate, v.tr. contemplari. con- 
templation, n. contemplatio. contempla- 
tive, adj. in contemplations (rerum) versutus ; 
see Consider. 

contemporaneous, adj. quod codem tem- 
pore est ovjit. Adv. uno tempore, simul. con- 
temporary, n. aequalis, qui ejusdem aetatis 
est. 

contempt, n. contemptus, -us, faslidium. 
contemptible, adj. contemnendus, abjectus, 
txirpis. Adv. turpitcr. 

contend, v.intr. 1, = fight, cum alqo certare, 
dimicare, pugnare, alci resistcre ; 2, fig. alci (rei) 
resistere ; 3, see ARGUE, contention, n. see 
Strife, Quarrel, Argument, contentious, 
adj. aemulus. Adv. summd vi. 

content, I. v.tr. alci satisfacere. II. adj. 
sorte sua contentus. Adv. tranquiUe. content- 
ment, n. tranquillitas animi, animus tranquil- 
Ivs. contents, n. quod in libro continetur, 
argumentum, scripta, -orum. 

conterminous, adj. alci loco confinis. 

contest, I. n. certatio, certamen. II. v.intr. 
contendere; see Contend. 

context, n. argumentum or ratio rerborvm 
(opp. to singula verba). 

contiguous, adj. propinquus ; see Conter- 
minous, contiguity, n. propinqnilas. 

continence, n. continentia, temperantia, 
castitas, castimonia. continent, I. adj. con- 
tiyiens, castus. Adv. caste. II. n. continens. 
continental, adj. by genit. of continens. 

contingent, I. adj. fortuitus, forte oblatiis. 

II. n. quantum militum quueque civitas mitt ere 
debet, auxilia, -oruvi. contingency, n. 
casus, -us ( = a chance). 

continual, adj. continuus, perpetuus, as- 
siduus. Adv. continentcr, assiduo, perpetuo. 
continuance, n. constantia, perpetuitas, 
assiduitas, continuatio, diuturnitas. con- 
tinuation, n. 1, see Continuance ; 2, = 
the latter part, reliqua ixtrs. continue, 

1. v.tr. 1, = carry on, alqd extendere, pro- 
ducers, persequi, continnare ; to — after an in- 
terruption, renovare. II. v.intr. 1, = go on 
with, in alqd re perseverare ; 2, = last, durare, 
manere, stare, continuity, n. continuatio, 
perpetuitas. 

contort, v.tr. depravare, dctorquere, distor- 
quire, contortion, n. distorlio, depravalio. 

contraband, n. merces vetilae. 

contract, I. n. pactum, conventio, condicio, 
conductio, locatio, syngrapha. II. v.tr. 1, 
= draw in, ah/d contrahere (in all meanings of 
Engl.) ; 2, = agree to do, alqd redimcre, alqdfacien ■ 
dum condueert (opp. to alqd faciendum hear*', to 
give out on — ). III. v.intr. 1, se contrahire : 

2, = grow shorter, minui. contraction, n. 1, 
contractio: 2,= — in writing, compendium, con- 
tractor, n. conductor, redemptor. 

contradict, v.tr. 1, = to speak against, 
alci obloqui, contra dicere (without dat. and in 
two words); 2, fig. (inter se) repugnarc, ab alqd 
re disseutire, discrepare. contradiction, n. 1, 
quod contra dictum est; 2, repugnantia, discre- 
jnntia, dirersitas. contradictory, adj. co»- 
Irarius, repugnans, diversus. Adv. contrarie, 
diverse. 

contrary, adj. adversns, (alcjs rei, dat., 
inter se) contrarius; a — wind, stream, ventus 
adversus, ftumen adversum ; on the — , contra, ex 



N 



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665 



cor 



contrario ; in answers immo (vera); — to, 
printer, or contra with ;iccus. 

contrast, I. u. asjieritas (in building, etc.), 
diversitas, vurietas, dissimilitudo, discrepantiu. 
II. v.tr. ulqd cum ulqd re comparare, confcrre. 

contravene, v.tr. repugnare, ulqd violare. 

contribute, v.tr. 1,= to give towards, pe- 
cuiiiam cou/erre, dure; — to something, ad (or 
in) ulqd dare; 2, fig. = to assist, vim habere 
ail ; ralere ud, prodesse, udjavare ud, Jaei re ut, 
ejficcre vt ; it — s much to glory, magni interest 
ud landem (with infill, and accus. following). 
contribution, n. dips, pecunia ; to levy a 
— , iiecuniam acivitutibus cogere. contributor, 
ii. 1, in geu. qui ulqd dat; 2, — — to a magazine, 
scriptor. 

contrite, adj. see Sorrowful, contri- 
tion, n. poeniteatia ; I feel — , poenitet me 
rei. 

contrive, v.tr. excogitare, invenirc, fingerc ; 
— to do anything, fucire or ejficcre ut. contri- 
vance, n. 1, = act of — , inventio, excogitatio ; 
2, = thing contrived, inventum; 3, — plan, ratio, 
consilium. 

control, I. n. 1, — power, poteslus, impe- 
rium, dicio ; 2, self — , moderatio, tempera- 
tio. II. v.tr. ulqd moderuri, cohibcre, coercere, 
reprimiire; — oneself, sibi temperare, se con- 
tiucre. 

controversy, n. contivvcrsia, altercatio, 
disceptutio, contentio. controversial, adj. 
controversus (= disputed). Adv. per disputa- 
tionem. controvert, v.tr. rtfeUere, refuiare. 
controvertible, a-jj. dubius, ambiguus. 

contumacy, n. pertinw;ia, contumacia. 
contumacious, adj. contumax, pertinax. 
Adv. contumacitei; pertinacitcr. 

contumely, n. contumelia. contumeli- 
ous, adj. contumeliosus, probrosus. Adv. cun- 
tumeliose. 

convalescence, n. sanitas restituta, vale- 
tudo confirmata. convalescent, adj. use 
verb convalesce re. 

convene, v.tr. convocare. convenient, 
adj. commodvs, opporlunus, ad ulqd (or dat.) uc- 
commodatus, idoneus. Adv. commode, opjwrtune, 
accommodate, convenience, n. commoditas, 
commodum, occusio, opportunitus. convent, 
see Cloister, convention, n. 1, conventus, 
-fts, foedus, -eris, u., pactio ; 2, = custom, mos. 
conventional, adj. tra(>is)laticius, a 
majoribus trudilus, usu receptus ; it is — , 
•maris est, in more est. Adv. ex usu, dat. mos est. 

converge, v.intr. se inclinuread or in alqm 
or ulqd. 

conversation, n. sermo, sermo cof(t)idia- 
mis (quot.), or communis, colloquium; to be the 
subject of — , in ore omnium esse, converse, 
I. v.intr. cotloqui cum alqo, serm. habere cumulqo 
de re. II. adj. see Contrary, conversant, 
adj. in alqa re vcrsatus or cxercitatus, ulcjs rei 
peritvs. 

convert, I. v.tr. 1, see Chance; 2, = 
change anyone's opinion, alqm in aliam mentem 
adducere; be — ed, sententium mvtare. II. 
n. qui ad aliam opinionem (e.g. Christiunam) 
add actus est. conversion, n. 1, = change, 
iconi)mvtatio, conversio ; 2, = change of opinion, 
sententiae or inorum mututio, = — to Christi- 
anity, acccssioad Christi doctrinam. 

convex, adj. convexus. 

convey, v.tr. 1, see Carry; 2, legal t.t. 
alqd alci trunscribere, (con)ceilere. convey- 
ance, n. 1, see Carriace ; 2, legal t.t. cessio, 
transcriptio, conveyancer, n, scriba, in, 



convict, I. v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare 
alqm; 2, = ahow falsehood, etc., alqd convin- 
cere, redurguhe. II. n. dumnutus, maleficus. 
conviction, n. 1, dammit io ; 2, opinio, sen- 
tentiu, judicium. 

convince, v.tr. persuadere de re; be con- 
vinced, aid persuaswm esse, exploralvin, or cogni- 
turn habere, convincing, adj. ad pcrsuuden- 
dum accommodulus, gravis. Adv. graviter. 

convivial, adj. hilaris, jucundus. con- 
viviality, n. hilaritas. 

convoke, v.tr. convocare. 

convoy, I. n. piaesidium, custodia. II. 
v.tr. alqm praesidii caus(s)d comitari. 

convulse, v.tr. agitate, percutere, (co»i)nio- 
vere; — the state, civitatemquassare, labefucture. 
convulsion, ll. spasmus, convulsio (Plin.). 
convulsive, adj. s]>asticus (Plin.). 

cook, I. n. coquus. II. v.tr. coquere. 
cookery, ll. res coquinaria. 

cool, I. adj. 1, lit. frigidus; 2, fig. Iran- 
quillus (of temperament), supci'bus, fastidiosus 
(—haughty), fortis (= brave), impudens (= im- 
pudent). II. n. frigus, -oris, n., algor. III. 
v.tr. re/rigcrure. IV. v.intr. 1, lit. frigescere, 
frigcrc ( = be — ), algere( — feel — ) ; 2, fig. defer- 
vescire, animum remittcre. coolness, n. 1, lit. 
frigus, -oris, n. ; 2, tig. superbia, fastidium 
( = pride), fortitude ( = courage), inimicitia 
( = unfriendliness). Adv. frigide, aequo animo, 
tranquille, supcrbe, fastidiose, fortiter, impudenter 
( = with effrontery). 

cooper, n. vietor. 

co-operate, v.intr.wwd ugire, alqm(iul)juvare. 
cooperation, n. opera, auxilium. copart- 
ner, co-operator, n. socius ; see Companion. 

cope, v.intr. — with, mm, alqo or alqd re 
certare, alci resistcre. 

coping, u. corona, fastigium. 

copious, adj. copiosus, abundan* lr —gus. 
Adv. copiose, ubumlanter, large, copiousness, 
n. copia, abundantia. 

copper, I. n. aes, aeris, n., aes Cyprium ; 

— money, rudera, -urn; — vessel, a(h)eneum. 
II. adj. a(h)eneii5. 

coppice, copse, u. virgultum. 

copulation, n. coitus, -us. 

copy, I. n. 1, exemplum, exemplar (= model, 

— of a book, etc.) ; 2, — (book), for a child, 
lit(t)erae praeformatae. II. v.tr. 1, = imitate, 
imitari ; 2, of painters, writers, pingere, descri- 
bere ; — from the life, similiiudinem ex vero 
ejfingere. 

coquet, v.tr. viro spelliclre. coquette, n. 
quae viros pellicit. 

cord, I. n. restis, funis, in. II. v.tr. constrin- 
gere, colligare. cordon, n. milites. 

cordial, adj. ex animo amicus, benignus, 
cotnis. Adv. benigne, comiter, amice, cor- 
diality, n. benig niUis, comitas, amicitia. . 

core, n. nucleus, granuvi, semen ( s= seed), 

cork, I. n., cortex. II. v.tr. obturu.-e. 

corn, ii. frumentum,fruges,-uin, i.,innona; 

— measure, modi as. 

corn, ii. on the foot, claims. 

corner, n. angulas ; done in a — , in occulh. 

cornet, n. 1, an instrument, cornu, buccino' 
2, military t.t. vexillarius, signifer. 
cornice, n. corona. 
corollary, n. consectarium. 

coronation, n. (dies ete) quo rex diudemfi 
accipit, 



cor 



6C6 



COW 



coroner, a. magistrates qui de mortuis in- 
quirit. 

corporal, I. n. deeuiria. II. adj. by genii. 
of corpus, -Oris, n. corporal-punishment, 

11. verbera, -um; to inflict — , cerberibus casti- 
gare. 

corporation, n. sodalitas (religious), muni- 
cipium, concilium, collegium. 

corps, d. manus, -us, f., pars exercitns, ala 
eguitum, agmen. 

corpse, 11. cadaver, -cris, m. 

corpulent, adj. obcsvs. corpulence, u. 
corpus obesum. 

correct, I. v.tr. 1, = improvo, corrigere, 
emendare; — a book for the press, menda libro 
tollerc; 2, = punish, punire, casligare. II. a>ij. 

I, of conduct, houestus, rectus.; 2, of style, emeu- 
darns, rectus, jmrus, accuratus ; 3, = tine, vents. 
Adv. reete, honeste, pure, vera, correctness, 
n. use adjectivss (e.g. the — of a thing, res 
recta). 

correspond, V.iutr. 1, = agree, respondere 
alci rei or ad alqd, convenire alci rei ; 2, to — by 
letter, Ut(t)eras dare ct accipere ; — with, cum 
alqo per lit(t)eras colloqui. correspondent, 
n. qui alqd per lit(t)eras (crebrius) commnnicat. 
correspondence, a. per lit(t)eras. corres- 
ponding, adj. par. Adv. pariter. 

corroborate, v.tr. ratum face re or efficere, 
confirmare, comprobare. corroboration, n. 
confinnutio. 

corrode, v.tr. ctodirc. corrosive, adj. 

qui (quae, quod) erodit. 

corrupt, I. adj. perditus, prolligatus, turpis, 
corruptns. Adv. perdite, turpiter. II. v.tr. 
putrefacere, corrv.rn.pere (lit and llg.); depravare, 
vitiare, perdcrc, perm-tire (lit.). III. v.iutr. 
putrefieri, enrrumpi (all llg.). corrupter, n. 
corrupter, qui corrumpit, etc.. corruptible, 
adj. quod corrumpi potest, corruption, n. cor- 
ruptio, depravatio, corrvptela. corrupting, 
adj. pernictosus, exitiosus. 

corsair, n. pirata, m. 

corslet, n. thorax, lorica, pectoris teg(i)meii or 
teg(i)mentum. 

cortege, n. comihUns, -vs. 

coruscation, n. futguralio, fulgor, splendor. 

cosmetic, n. fucus. 

cost, I. ii. sumptus, -us, impensa, praemium, 
vierixs, -cdis, f. (=wages). II. v.tr. alqd (constat 
or venit or mulitur or emUur (with genit. of the 
exact price) ; to — little, parvo stare ; very little, 
minima, costly, adj. sumptiuisus, magna sump- 
tu, pretiosus. oostlincss, u. cariias. 

costume, n. habitus, -us, ornatus, -us. 

cottage, n. casa, tugurium. cottager, n. 
rusticus. 

cotton, n. gos$ypion(-ium) (Plin.). 

couch, I. n. lectus, lectulus. II. v.tr. 1, 
= stretch out, porrigere ; to — spears, hastas 
dirigcre ; 2, = express, (con)scribirc. III. v.intr. 
cubare, latere, dclitesccre. 

cough, I. n. funis. H. v.intr. tussirc. 

council, n. concilium, council-chamber, 
n. curia, councillor, n. consitiarius, senator. 

counsel, I. n. 1, = consultation, consultatio, 
deliberate ; 2, = advice, consilium, auctoritas. 

II. v.tr. see Advise. 

count, n. * comes, county, n. 'amitatiu, 

•vs. 

count, v.tr. 1, computare ; 2, — upon, alci 
confldere; see Reckon, Consider, counter, 
n. 1. = — of a shop, use mensa; 2, ~ — for 



reckoning, calculus, countless, adj. in tiu» 
mcrabilis. 

countenance, I. n. 1, wltus, os, oris, a.; 2, 

— protection, praesidium. II. v.tr. alci favcre, 
opemferre. 

counter, adv. = against, contra, counter- 
act, v.tr. alci resistive, counter-balance, 
parem esse alci. counterfeit, I. v.tr. si mulare; 
II. adj. simulatus ; — money, nummus advl- 
lerinus. counterpane, n. 'lodix. counter- 
part, n. res alci sim i! lima, counterpoise, 
v.tr. alqd cum alqd re (cul)acquarc. 

country, n. 1, opp. to town, rus; in flie — , 
ruri; 2, = one's native land, patria; of what 

— ? cvjas ' of our — , nostras; 3, — region, terra, 
■ cgio. country-house, n. villa, country- 
man, ii. 1, homo rusticus ; 2, = fellow — , civis, 
nostras, pi. nostri. country-town, n. muni- 
cipium. 

couple, I. n. par, biui ; in married life, 
conjuges, mariti. II. v.tr. (con)jungcre ; — with, 
copulare cum re, miscere re. 

courage, n. animus, audacia, ferociu (=i\crca 
courage), fortitudo, virtus, -Otis, f. coura- 
geous, adj. fortis, audax,ferox, strcuuus. Adv. 
fortiter, audacler, fcrociter, slrcnue. 

courier, n. nuntius. 

course, I. n. 1, (de)cursvs, -us; — of water, 
lapsus, -us; — of the stars, motus, -us ; the — of 
nature, naturae lex; lig. the — of life, vitae cur- 
riculum; 2, = plan, ratio, consilium; 3, = 
progress, tenor, cursus, -lis, via, progressus, -ns; 
4, = — of time, in (e.g. in Mo anno) ; in — of a 
few, many days, intra paucos, multos dies; 5, 
= — at a dinner, ferculum ; 6, = — of lectures, 
a'qm audiie ; 7, = manner of life, mores, -urn, 
vitae ratio. II. v.tr. venari. of course, adv. 
ncccssario, plane, q>rors-us; in answers, sane. 

court, I. ii. 1, =an open space, area; 2, = 
royal — ,■ aula, rcgia; 3,= courtiers, nobiUs, 
■itna ; 4, = — of justice, forum, tribunal, svb- 
sellia, -or v ui. II. v.tr. 1, of a lover, ulqam (in 
malrimonium) pctcre ; 2, = to seek to obtain, 
quaerere, capture, courtier, n. ndbUis. cour- 
teous, adj. cowis, communis. Adv. urbane, 
comiter. courtesy, courteousness, n. 
urbanitas, comitas. courtship, n. amor or 
verb, in matrimonium pctcre. 

cousin, n. (con)sobrinus (-a.) (on the mother's 
side), patrtielis (a father's brother's child). 

covenant, I. U. pactio, pactum, conventwn. 
II. v.tr. pocteci cum ubjo. 

cover, I. n. 1, of a bed, etc., lodir, leg(i)mcn, 
stragulum, gausapa ; = lid, operimentum ; 2, = 
shelter, per/ugium i under — of, alqd re teclus ; 
fig. = pretence, per speciemalcjs rei. II. v.tr. 
1, (con)tegcre, abtegcre, operire, vetare ; 2, = pro- 
tect, protegere, de/endcre; =to secure against 
loss, cavere alqd; 3, = overwhelm, !if,'. alqd in 
alqm conferre, or by special verbs (e.g. — with 
abuse, alci maXedicere). 

covert, I. n. 1, = shelter, latebra, pcrfu- 
giv.m ; 2, = thicket, virgultum. II. adj. teclus. 
See Secret. 

covet, v.tr. rdqd appetert , iscere, c«pi- 

ditate rei flagrare. covetous, adj. umrns. 
Adv. acare. covetousness, n. avaritia. 

COW, ii. vtriyi. cow-herd, n. armcntariv.s. 
cow-hide, n. curium uaceae. 

cowa: d, n. 7io;no ignavus, timidns. cow- 
ardly, adj. ignnvus, timidns. Adv. ignore, 
timide. cowardliness, n. metus, -Us, ignavia, 

cower, v.intr. perterriium esse, 

cowl, n. cvcullus. 



cox 



667 



cru 



coxcomb, n. homo ineptus. 

coy, adj. verecundus. coyness, n. pudor, 
verecundia. 

COZ60, v.tr. see Cheat. 

crab, n. cancer, crabbed, ailj. 1, = f 11- 

teuipered, morosus; 2, = intricate, difficilis, 
impeditus. Adv. morose, dijjicullcr. 

crack, I. n. 1, = noise, crepitus, -vs (e.g. — 
of the fingers, digitorum crepitus), tfragor ; 2, = 

fissure, rima. II. v.intr. crcpare, (dif)Jindi, dis- 
silire, dehisccre. III. v.tr. 1, lit. = burst, (dify 
finders, rumpere; 2, — a joke, joairi; to — a 
whip, sonitum flagello cdere. 

cradle, I. n. curiae, cunabula, -orum. II. 
v.tr. in cunabulis poncre. 

craft, n. 1, = cunning, dolus, astutia; 2, 
= skill or trade, ars, artificium; 3, = ship, 
cymba, scapha. crafty, adj. astutus, callidus, 
vcrsutus, dolosus. Adv. astute, collide, versute, 
dolose, craftsman, n. opera. 

crag, n. see Hock. 

cram, v.tr. 1, with food, Jarcire, refercire ; 

2, tig. alqd algd re complete, implere; =■ crowd, 
stipare (more common in pass.). 

cramp, I. n. spasmus, tetanus (Plin.). II. 
v.tr. to be — ed, tig. circumscribi. 

crane, I. n. 1, = bird, grus, gruis, in. and 

f. ; 2, a machine, troclca. II. v.intr forward, 

cervicem prot&ndSre, 

crank, n. 1, of a machine, uncus; 2, =jest, 
joe us. 

cranny, n. rima. 

crash, I. n. fragor. II. v.tr. crcpare. 

crate, n. crates, -is, f. 

crater, U. crater, -eris, in. 

crave, v.tr. see Beg, Need, craving, u. 
alcjs rei desiderium. 

crawl, v. repcre, serpen. 

crazy, adj. mente captus ; see Majd. 

creak, v. (con)crepare. creaking, n. 
crepitus, -its. 

cream, n. jlos lactis. 

crease, I. n. ruga. II. v.tr. mgare. 

create, v.tr. 1, lit, (pro)creare, gignere, 
facere; 2, lig. praebere, facere, ejfitxre, fingere, or 
by special verbs (e.g. — confusion, perturbare); 

3, = appoint, create, designate, creation, n. 
1, procreatio (= begetting), iilitium (= begin- 
ning) ; since the — ot the world, post mundum con- 
dition ; 2, mental — , poema, -dtis, n. fabula, etc. 
creative, adj. qu i creare (etc.) potest, creator, 
n. (p)o)creator, fabricator, auctor. creature, 
n. animal. 

credit, I. v.tr. 1, = to believe, credere; 2, 
put to one's account, alqd alci in acceptum con- 
ferre. II. n. 1, = belief, fides; to give — to a 
thing, alci or alci rei fidem habere, tribuere, ad- 
jungere; to withhold or refuse — , fidem alci 
denegare; 2, mercant. t.t. fides; to take up 
money on —,pecuniam alcjs fide mutuam sumere; 
to purchase on — , entire in diem (the timo being 
fixed when payment has to bo made), emere 
pecuilia non praesenti; his — is gone, fides 
cecidit, conculit; 3, = authority, auctor'itas, 
gratia (= influence), opinio, existimatio; 4, do 
— to, gloriae or decori alci esse ; no — , dede- 
cori alci esse, credible, adj. fide dignus, 
credibilis, vcrisimilis. Adv. credibiliter. credi- 
bility, fides, auctoritas, comb, auctoritas et 
fides, credentials, n. auctoritas, or lit(t)erae. 
creditable, adj. honestus, honorificus. Adv. 
honorifice, honeste. creditor, U. creditor. 
credulous, adj. crcdvlus, Adv, nimid cum 



credulitatc. credulity, n. credulitas (not in 
Cic). creed, n. 1,= belief, fides; 2, — system 
believed, doctriua. 

crock, n. sinus, -us. 

creep, v.intr. see Ckawl. 

crescent, n. luna crescens. crescent- 
shaped, adj. lunatus. 

crest, 11. crista, juba. crested, adj. cristatut. 
crestfallen, adj. /tact us, demissus. 

crevice, n. see Crack. 

crew, n. 1, nautae ; 2, fig. cactus, -us. 

crib, n. 1, for animals, praesepe ; 2, see 
Cradle. 

crime, n. delictum, maleficium, /acinus, 
■inoris, a., scelus, -eris, n., ne/as. criminate, 
v.tr. crituinuri. crimination, n. crimen, 

criminatio. criminal, adj. scelestus, scelerutus, 
ne/atius. 

crimson, I. adj. coccincus. II. u. color 
coccineus. III. v.intr. erubescere. 

cringe, v.intr. — to, alqm or alci adttlari. 

cripple, n. homo mancus, membris captus\ 
homo dubilis, or elaudus manu, pedibus, etc. 

Crisis, n. discrimen, momentum. 

crisp, adj. 1, =r curled, crispus; 2, = brittle, 
fragilis. 

criterion, n. discrimen. critic, n. criti- 
cus, humu alcjs rei petitus, or simply sujiiens. 
criticism, u. judicium, criticize, v.tr. 
judicare. critical, adj. 1, = belonging to 
criticism, callidus, sol(/)ers, sapiens; 2, = 
belonging to a crisis, in discrimen additctus, 
unceps, dubius. Adv. accurate, callide, sol(t)etlet, 
sapientet. 

croak, I. v.intr. ctocire (of birds), otcchi 
emitterc. II. n. vox. 

crockery, u. (vasa) jktilia. 

crocodile, n. ctoeodilus. 

crocus, n. crocus. 

crone, n. velula, anus, -iis, f. 

crook, I. n. pedum, lititus. II. v.tr., see 
Curve, crooked, adj. curoatus, incurvus; 
= bad, pravus, distortus. Adv. 1, oblique, or 
by adj. ; 2, prave. crookedness, n. 1, quod 
incurvum est ; 2, pravitas. 

crop, I. n. 1, of corn, etc., mcssis,fruges, -urn, 
f. ; 2, of birds, ingluvies. II. v.tr. = cut short, 
praecidcrc, amputate, tondere; = to cut down, 
depascire, t tondere. 

cross, I. n. 1, + crux, x decussis; as instru- 
ment of punishment, crux; 2, fig. mala, -orum, 
or calamitas. II. adj. = transverse, transversus, 
obliquus. III. v.tr. 1, = lay across, alqd alci 
rei transversum poncre; 2, — go across, locum 
transire ; 3, = thwart, alci obsistlre ; 4, = 
— the mind, alqd alci subit ; 5, = — out, delete. 
cross-purpose, n. be at — s, alii alia putant, 
or by adj. contrarius. crosswise, adv. in 
transversum. crossing, n. transUus, -us. 

crouch, v.intr. se demittere. 

crow, I. n. comix. II. v.intr. cancre. 

crowd, I. n. turba, catena, /requentia, mid- 
titudo. II. v.tr. (co)artare, stipare, premere. 
III. v.intr. confiucrc, congregari. 

crown, I. n. 1, = wreath, corona; diadem, 
diadema, -dtis, u. ; 2, = kingly power, regnum ; 
3, = top, summits with noun (e.g. — of the 
mountain, summits mons); 4, = ornament, decus, 
•oris, n. II. v.tr. coronare; — a king, diadema 
rcgi imponire. coronation, u. sollemnia qui- 
bus rex diadema accipit. 

crucible, n, catiitus (Plin.), 



cru 



G68 



cut 



crucify, v.tr. alqm cruet affigcre. cruci- 
fixion, ]i. cruris supplicium. 
crude, adj. 1, = raw or unripe, crudus; 

2, lig. injormis, incultus, rudis. Adv. inculle. 
crudity, n. cruditas. 

cruel, adj. crudelis, saevxs, ferns, atrox. 
Adv. crudeliter, atrocilcr. cruelty, u. cru- 
ilelitas, feritas, saevitia, atrocitas. 

cruise, v.intr. (per)vagari ; — along the 
shore, praeter oram vagari. 

crumb, n, 1, — the soft part of bread, 
2«»is mollia (-ium); 2, = a small piece, 
mica, micula. crumble, I. v.tr. friars, com- 
minuere, conterere. II. v.intr. friari, etc. 

crumple, I. n. ruga. II. v.tr. rugare. 
III. v.intr. rugari. 

crupper, n. postilena. 

crush, I. v.tr. 1, lit. comprimere, contun- 
dere, conterere, cnnculcare (by treading) ; 2, tig. 
vfjligcre, comprimere, obruere, frangcre. II. 11. 
= crowd, turba. See Crowd. 

crust, n. crusta. crusty, adj. crustosus 
(riin.). 

crutch, n. baculum. 

cry, I. v.tr. 1, = call out, (con)c.lamarc, ex- 
elainare, acdomare, proclamare, jiraedicare, dam- 
Mare; 2, see Weep. II. n. 1, clamor, exclum- 
alio, acclamatio ; 2, proclamatio, praeconium ; 

3, lacrimar, vagitus, -us. crier, n. praeco. 

crystal, n. crystallus. crystallize, I. 

v.tr. In crystallos Jormare. II. v.intr. in crys- 
tal !o$ abirc. 

cub, li. J., catulus. II. v.tr. fetus edcrc. 

cube, n. cubus. cubic, adj. cubicus. 

cubit, n. cubitum. 

cuckoo, n. cuculus. 

cucumber, n. cucumts, -iris, in. 

cud, n. to clicw the — , ruminari, remandere. 

cudgel, I. n. baculum, fastis, in. II. v.tr. 
ferire, jercntere, fusti verberare. 

cue, n. 1, = hint, signum ; to give a — , alci 
innuere, signum alci dare; 2, of an actor, 
signum. 

cuff, I. n. 1, = blow, alapa (with the tlat 
hand), colaphus (witli the list); 2,— sleeve, 
■manica extrema. II. v.tr. verberare alqm, pla- 
gam alci injligere, pugnis alci caedcre. 

cuirass, n. thorax. 

culinary, adj. coqiiinarius. 

culmination, n. fastigium. culminate, 

v.intr. in (summo)fostigin esse. 

culpable, adj. culpa digitus, reprehenden- 

dus, lurpis, foedus. culprit, n. see Criminal. 

cultivate, v.tr. 1, in agriculture, (ngrum.) 
cole re ; 2, tig. fingcre, (con\formare, institucre, 
erpolire ; 3,:= practise, alci rci studere, se ad 
a'-jd applicare. cultivation, culture, n. 
?• . cultits, -its; 2, mental — , animi cultus, 
kumanitas, Hl(t)erarum or artium studia, 
•orum. cultivator, n. 1, agricola, in., cultor; 
2, lig. by verb. 

cumber, v.tr. alqm or algd imjwdirr, prae- 
grarare, alci (rei) obstruere. cumbrous, adj. 
gravis, incommodus, inhabilis. Adv. graviter, 
incommode. 

cunning, I. adj. \,astutus,caUidus,versulus, 
dnlosus ; 2, = skilful, peritus, dexter, habilis, 
expertus. Adv. 1, astute, collide, versulc, or abl. 
dolo or per dolum or fravdem ; 2, = skilfully, 
sol(l)erter, perite, collide. II. n. 1, astntia, calli- 
ditas, versutia, dolus ; 2, = skill, or*, so(l)lertia. 

cup, X, ii. 1, poculum, seyphug. calix, catothus, 



phiala, patera, carchesinm, scaphium, cymbium, 
cyathus, batiola, ctduUus; 2, tig. = — of sorrow, 
etc., dolor ; to drain the — , cxhaurirc dot or em, 
etc. II. v.tr. sauguinem alci (per cncurbitulus) 
detrahcrc. cup-bearer, n. minister or servus. 
cupboard, n. armarium. 

cupidity, n. cupiditas, avaritia. 

cupola, n. tholus. 

curator, n. curator, custos. 

curb, I. n. frenum. II. v.tr. frcnarc, cocrccre, 
domurc, comprimere, prohibers. 

curd, n. lac concretum. curdle, v.tr. I, 
alqd coagulare. II. v.intr. eoagulare, coire. 

cure, I. n. curatio, medicina, sana.tio. II. 
v.tr. 1, sanare alqm, mederi alci ; 2, = preserve, 
condire. 

curiosity, n. 1, nova noscendi studium, 
spectandi studium; 2, = something rare or 
strange, res nova or vara, curious, adj. 1, 
= inquisitive, enriosus, alcjs rei studiosus ; 2, 
= strange, insolitus, novus, rams, singularis; 
3, = accurate, accuratus. Adv. anxic, or adj. ; 
raw, accurate. 

curl, I. v.tr. crispare, calamistro intortjvere. 
II. v.intr. 1, crispari, etc. ; 2, = to be bent 
round, torqucri, ficcti. III. n. cirrus, curl- 
ing-irons, n. calamister. curly, adj. crispy s. 

currant, n. dried — s, uvae passac. 

current, I. adj. 1,= this, hie (eg. — year, hie 

annus); 2, = common, more or usu reeeptus; to 
be — in, esse, valere. Adv. rulgo. IL. n. flumen, 
see Stream, currency, n. nummi or argen- 
tum. 

curry, v.tr. 1, to — leather, conficere; 2, 
to _ favour, alci blandiri. ourrycomb, n. 
strigilis. 

curse, I. n. 1, exsccratio, imprewtio, male- 
dictum; 2, lig. peslis. II. v.tr. to — anyone, 
exsecrari, alci male precari. 

cursory, adj. rapidus, neglegens (neglig.). 
Adv. breviter, slrictim. 

curt, adj. brevis. Adv. breviter. 

curtail, v.tr. amputare, praecide.re. 

curtain, n. velum, aulaeum. 

curve, I. n. (in)fle.rio, flexus, -us, sinus, -vs. 
II. v.tr. (in)ftectcre. III. v.intr. flccti. 

cushion, n. pulvinus, pulvinar. 

custard, n, placenta ex oris facta. 

custody, n. custodia, career, -iris, n., vinculo, 
■orum. 

custom, n. 1, = usage, consuetude, mos, 
institutum, usus, -us; it is a — with us, est in- 
stitutum, mosormoris est; 2, = duty, vectigal, pnr- 
torium. customer, n. emptor, customary, 
adj. usitatus, tritus, pervnlgatus, vulgaris, cot(t)i- 
diunus (quot.), communis, tra(ns)laticius ; to be 
— , mos or maris esse, sole re. Adv. ex consuctudinc, 
vulgo, fere. 

cut, I. v.tr. 1, lit. secare ; to — with a scythe, 
(de)metere; to — into planks, in laminae secure; 
to — the throat, alqm jugulars ; to -- on a gem, 
in. gemmd scalpcrc ; to — the hair, tondere, prae- 
c.idcre; to — down, lit. excidire; 2, tig. trucidare ; 
to — short, = interrupt, alqm interpcllarc ; 
= abridge, contrahere ; to — up, concidere. 
II. n. 1, by verb (e.g. to receive a — , cultro 
vulnerari), 'if with a whip, verbcr ; 2, of rivers, 
etc., emialis, m., fossa ; 3, a short — , via brevis. 
sima or proxinui. cutting, I. adj. acerbus. 
Adv. acerbe. II. n. of a plant, propago, 
cutlery, n. c«;(ri (pi.), cut-throat, n. 
sicarius. 

cuttjefish, n. icpi^ 



cyo 



C69 



dea 



cycle, n. 1, = circular course, orbis, m., cir- 
cuits ; 2, = revolution, orbis, or by verb revolci ; 
see Revolve. 

oyclops, n. cyclops. 

cygnet, n. pullus cycnorum. 

cylinder, n. cylindrus. 

cymbal, n. cymbalum. 

cynic, n. 1, in philosophy, cynicus ; 2, fig., 
homo acerbus. cynical, adj. acerbus. Adv. 
acerbe. 

cynosure, n, 1, lit. Ursa Minor; 2, fig> 
decus, -oris, n. 

cypress, n. cupressus, f. 



D. 

dabble, I. v.tr. alqd alqd re a(d)spergere. 
II. v.intr. 1, lit. in aqud ludire; 2, rig. alqd 
leviter attingere. 
dad, daddy, n. tata. 
daffodil, n. narcissus. 
dagger, n. pugio, sica. 
dainty, I. adj. 1, = — in choice of food, 
fastidiosus ; 2, — elegant, exquisitus, elegaris ; 
sec Pretty. II. n. cibus delicatus, cibi 
dtlicatiorei. daintiness, n. 1, = — in food, 
cup(p)ediu ; 2, = elegance, venushts. 

dairy, n. eella, defining sense by context 
(e.g. lade repleta). 
dale, n. (con)vallis. 

dally, v.intr. 1, = trifle, uugari, Uiscivire ; 
2, — with, ulci I landiri ; 3, see Delay, dalli- 
ance, ii. 1, uugae, lascivia; 2, blanditiae. 
dam, n. = mother, mater, matrix. 
dam, I. n. agger, -eris, in., moles, -is, f. II. 
v.tr. violent alci rei ob(j)icere, flumen coercere. 
' damage, I. n. damnum, detrimentum, noxa. 
II. v.tr. alci nocere, obesse, damno esse, dama- 
ges, n. pi., impensa; action for — , judicium 
recuperator turn. 
dame, u. mulier, matrona, domina. 
damn, v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare; 2, 
theol. t.t, * damnare, aeternis suppliciis addi- 
cere. damnable, adj. damnandus. damna- 
tion, n. tlumnatio, coiulemwxtio ( = the act). 

damp, I. adj. humidus. II. v.tr. 1, lit. 
humectare; 2, lig. deprimere, comprimere, rest in- 
guire, sedare, III. n. vapor, nebula. 
damsel, n. puella, ancilla, virgo. 
dance, I. n. satiatio, chorea. II. v.intr. 
saltare. dancer, n. saltator, m. saltatrix, f. 
dandle, v.tr. manibus agitare. 
dandy, n., hoino elegans; de capsuld totus 
(Sen.). 

danger, n. periculum, discrimen. danger- 
ous, adj. periculosus, anceps ; a — condition, res 
dubiae. Adv. periculose. 

dangle, v.intr. ex alqd re (de)pendere. 
dank, adj. humidus. 

dapper, adj. pernix (= quick), nilidus (= 
neat). 
dapple, adj. niaculosus. 
dare, v.tr. audere. daring, I. adj. audax. 
Adv. audacter. II. n. audacia. 

dark, I. adj. 1, as opposed to daylight, oh- 
scurus, caliginosus, caecus ( — blind) ; 2, — — in 
colour, fuscus, niger, pullus; 3, = difficult to 
the mind, obscurus, abstrusus, impeditus, in- 



certns. Adv. obscure, pcrplexe. II. n. to be in the 
— about, alqd ignorare. darkness, u.obscuritas, 
tenebrae, caligo, nox. dark-red, adj. e.r rubro 
subniger. dark-blaok, adj. niger. darken, 
I. v.tr. lit. and tig. obscurare, tenebrasalci rei oh. 
ducire. II. v.intr. obscurari; it — s, resperascit, 

darling, n. deliciae. 

darn, v.tr. sarcire. darning-needle, n, 
acus, ■us, f. grandior. 

dart, I. ii. piluiu, hasta, Mum, jaeuhtm, 
tragula. II. v.tr. jaculari ; to throw — s, tela 
(e)mittere, con{j)icire. III. v.intr. in alqm lo- 
cum irrumpfre, se cou(/)icere. 

dash, I. v.tr. 1, lit. alqd ad alqd offender*, 
■impingire; —out the brains, caput perjringere 
or elidere; 2, fig. spem (etc.) reprimere, com- 
primere, ad irritum redigere. II. v.intr. see 
Dart. III. n. 1, = rush, impetus, -us; 2. = 
something of, aliquid, nescio quid; 3, see Dis- 
play. 
dastard, n. homo ignavus. 
date, n. (the fruit), palmnla (Var.). data, 
n. concessa, -arum, date, I. n. dies ; out of 
— , obsoletus. II. v.tr. diem in epistold a(d)- 
scribere. dative, n. (casus) dativus (Gram.). 
daub, v.tr (ob)lincre, (per)ungere. 
daughter, n.filia; a little —,filiola; —-in- 
law, nurus, -us, f. 

daunt, v.tr., see Frightes. dauntless, 
adj. impavidus. Adv. impavide. 
daw, n. mo ued u la. 

dawdle, v.intr. eessare. dawdler, n, u& 
sator. 

dawn, ii. dilitrulum. it dawns, v. (di)- 
lucescit. 

day, n. 1, dies, lux ( = daylight) ; the longest 
— , dies solstitialis, sotstitinm ( = the time of the 
longest days); the shortest—, dies brumalis; 
before — , 'ante luccm ; at break of — , (cum) 
primd luce, luce oriente ; by — ,interdiu: — 
and night, diem noctem, diem nodemque, dies 
noctesque, nodes diesque, nodes et dies ; the — : 
breaks, (il)lucescit, dilucescit, lux oritur; far 
on in the — , viulto die ; to wish one good — , 
a/ijm salmon esse jubcre, alqm sulutare ; good — ! 
salve (salvele); a lucky — , dies albus or caiuHdus ; 
an unlucky — , dies ater ; the — star, lucifer ; 
2,= a period of time, diss; a period of two 
or three — s, biduum, triduum ; to-—, hodierno 
die, hodie ; every other — , tertio qu<xpte die ; 
from —to— , in dies; — after—, diem ex die, 
diem de die; every — , in dies siwjulos ; to pay 
to the — , in diem solvere ; the — before, after, 
pridie, postridie (ejus diei) ; in our — , nostra 
actate, nustro tempore, nostris temporibus ; to pass 
one's — s, vitam degere ; the —time, tempusdi- 
nmum. day-break, n. diluculum. day- 
labourer, n. operarius (in pL operae). 
daily, I. adj. cot(t)idianus (qnot.), (Humus; 
— bread, cibus diurnus. II. adv. cot(t)ulie, 
omnibus diebus, in dies singulos. 

dazzle, v.tr. caecare ; fig. dbstupefarcre ; to 
be — d, obstupefieri, stujiere. 
deacon, n. *diacomis. 
dead, adj. mortuus,exanimis,exanimvs; tig.= 
dull, languidvs. deaden, v.tr. hebetare, obtun- 
dere, encrvare, debilitare, frangerc. deadly, I. 
adj.l, lit. viortifer, exitialis ; 2, fig. of sin, etc., 
capitalis, gravis. II. adv. usque ad mortem, o» 
by adj. deadness, n. rigor, stupor, torpor. 
death, n., mors, letum, obitus, -its, finis, m. 
and f., or exitus. -Us, vitae, nex ( = violent 
— ) ; to suffer — , mortem subire ; be starved to — , 
per iuediam mori. death-bed, n. use adj. 
morieiw or moribundiw. 



dea 



(170 



def 



deaf, adj. sunlus, auribus captvs. deafen, 
V.tr. exsurdare, obtundere. 

deal, I, v.tr. dividere, distribuere, dispertire. 
II. v.intr. —with, see Treat, dealer, n. mer- 
catur, negotiator (wholesale), institor, taberna- 
rius, caupo, propola (retail). dealing, l). 
eommcrcinm, negotium, usus, -its ; have — s wit li , 
ctvnmeiviwn cum alqo habere ; harsh — , sereritas ; 
upright — , fides; double — , firms. 

dear, adj. 1, earns, rnagni jiretii, pretiosus; 
how — ? quanti ? so — , tanti ; 2,= beloved, 
corns. Adv. care, magno pretio; maximc or 
adj. dearness, n. earitas, magnum pretiv.ru. 
dearth, n. inopia, earitas, fames, -is, f. 

debar, v.tr. alqm alqd re exdudere, alqd aid 
prazdudcre, alqm (ab) alqd re prohibere, or with 
qnominns and aubj. 

debase, v.tr. corrumpere, vitiare. debase- 
ment, n, ignovtinia. 

debate, I. n. altercatio, disceptatio, contentio, 
II. v.intr. altercari, disceptare, disputare. 

debauch, I. v.tr. corrumpere, depravare, 
vitiare, perdire. II. n. comissatio. debauch- 
ery, n. stuprum, mores dissoluti, pravi, perditi. 

debenture, n. syngrapha, 

debility, n. infirmitas, imbecillitas, infirma 
valetndo. 

debt, n. debitvm, pecunia debita, nomen, 
aes alienum. ; to get into — , aes alienitm contra- 
Tiere ; to l>e in — , in aere alieno esse, obaeralnni 
esse, debtor, ll. debitor, qui debit, obueratus. 
debit, v.tr. alqd alci expensum ferre. 

decade, n. decern anni. 

decamp, v.intr. discedere. 

decant, v.tr. diffundlre. decanter, n. 
lagena. 

decapitate, v.tr. capvt alci jvaenklere. 

decay, I. n. deminvtio, defectio virinm, 
tabes, -is, f. II. v.intr. (de)minui, deficere, decres- 
cire, senescere, tabesecre ; a decayed tooth, dens 
exesus (Cels.). 

decease, n. obitns, -its ; see Death. 
deceit, n. fallacia, fraus, dolus, deceive, 

v.tr. decipere, fmstrari, fallere, cirevmvenire. 
deceiver, n. frandator. deceitful, adj. fallax, 
dolosus, vafer, fraudulent-its. Adv. fravdulenter, 
fullaciler, dolose, per dolum. 

decern ber, n. (metisis) December.- 

decent, adj. quod dectt, decorus. Adv. 
decire. decency, n. modest ia, decorum. 

deception, n. l,firavs, dolus ; 2, see Delu- 
sion. 

decide, v.tr. 1, = settle a thing, alqd or de, 
alqd re statuire, constituere, decernece, alqd diju- 
diaire ; 2, = — to do, constituere, statue re with 
infiii. or tit. decided, adj. 1, = fixed, certus, 
exploratus; I am — , certnm est milii with infln. ; 
2, = resolute, stabilis, constans, firm us. Adv. 
certo, certe, constanter ; in answers, certe, vera, 
sane, or by repetition of a word (e.g. visnef 
volo). decision, n. 1, dijudicatio, judicium, 
sententia; 2, of character, constantia, stabilitas. 
decisive, adj. iMimus, or quml ad discrimen 
alqd addlicit, or maximi moment). 

deciduous, adj. deciduus. 

decimate, v.tr. 1, lit. decimetre cohortes 
(8uet.), sorte decimum quemque (cohort is) ail sup- 
plicium legere ; 2, fig. see Destroy. 

decipher, v.tr. explanare, interpretari, ex- 

plicare. 

deck, I, n. con-stratum navis (Petr.). II. 
V.tr. 1, = Cover ; 2, = Adorn. 



declaim, v.tr. pronnntiare, deelamnrc, dim 
clamitare. declamation, n. 1, as an art, 
pronuntiatio, declamutio ; 2, = speech de- 
claimed, dedamatio. declamatory, adj. 
dedamatorius, tumidus. doclaimer, n. de- 
elamator. 

declare, v.tr. dicere, profiteri, praedicere, 

dedarare, asseverare, confirmare; to — for any- 
one, partes alcjs sequi'. declaration, n. 
praedicatio, sententia, didnm; — of war, belli 
dennntiatio. 

decline, I. v.tr. 1, = refuse, alqd recusare, 
negare; 2, gram. t.t. dedinare. II. v.intr. 
deficere, (de)minui, (se)remittere, decrescerc ; the 
day — s, vesperascit. III. n. 1, (de)minittio, 
remissio ; in the — of life, provectiore aetate ; 2, 
= consumption, phthisis (Plin.). declen- 
sion, n. declinatio (Quint.). 

declivity, n. dedivitas, acclivitas. 

decoction, n. decodum (Plin.). 

decompose, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (dis)solvere, re- 
solvere; 2, fig. (con)tnrbare, excitare, erigere- 
II. v.intr. 1, dissolvi, tabesecre; 2, (con)turbttri. 
etc. decomposition, n. (disyiohtHo, tabes, 
■is, f. 

decorate, v.tr. alqm alqd re (ex)ornare, 
distinguere, decorare. decoration, n. orna- 
tus, -vs. ornamentum. decorous, adj. decorus. 
Adv. decore. decorum, n. decorum! 

decoy, I. v.tr. alii cere, pellicere. II. ri. 

illex (= a lure). 

decrease, I. v.tr. (ih)minncre, imminunY, 
(sub)levare, mitigare. II. v.intr. remitters (rare), 
remitti, (de)mi nu i, etc. III. n. deminutio. 

decree, I. v.tr. 1, of formal decrees, alqd 
alci de alqd re, with gerundive or vt, decernere, 
alqd or ut, edicere, alqd de alqd re seiscere, alqd, 
de alqd re, nt, (lege) sancire; irnpers. alci placet 
tit or accus. and infln. ; 2, see Determine. 
II. n. decretum, seuatusconsultum, plcbiscitum. 

decrepit, adj. senectute confectus. decrep- 
itude, n. senectvtis imbccillitas. 

decry, v.tr. vituperare. 

dedicate, v.tr. a\qd alci (de)dicare (lit/ 
and fig.), consecrare (only in religious sense). • 

deduce, v.tr. \,— derive, alqd ab ovex alqd re, 
ab ahjo (deyiuccrc ; 2, logical t.t. alqd ex alqd re. 
condudere. deduct, v.tr. alqd alci rei or de 
alqd re detroherc, alqd dc alqd re. deducere. de- 
duction, n. 1, = abatement, deductio, dem'inu- 
tio; 2, logical t.t. conclusio, 

deed, n. 1, /acinus, -oris, n. ; — s, acta, 
facta; 2, = document, tabula, syngrapha. 

deep, I. adj. 1, lit. alius, profundus ; ten feet 
— , decern pedes altus ; 2, fig. summits (e.g. sum nut. 
eruditio, — learning). Adv. 1, alte, profunde ; 2, 
penitus, prorsus, graviter (e.g. gear, commotus — 
— moved). II. n. altum. deepen, I. v.tr. 
1, lit. alqd altius fodere; 2, = increase, 
avgere. II. v.intr. = grow darker, obsenrari ; 
see also Thicken, depth, n. 1, lit. altitude ; 
in — , in altitudinem (e.g. triginta pedum = 
thirty feet in — ) ; 2, fig. of character, sumino 
ingenio, etc., praeditits; in the — of night, 
media node. 

deer, n. census, dama. 

deface, .v.tr. deformare, in pejus fingere, 
foedare. 

defame, v.tr. calumniari. 

default, n. 1, = error, culpa, peccatvm, 
error; 2, = lack, defectio, defectus, -its; 3, legal 
t.t. = judgment, go by — , vadimmiivm de* 
terete, defaulter, n. qui vadimonivm deserit. 



def 



671 



detil 



defeat, I. n. clacks, -is, f., strages, -is, f. 
II. v.lr., see Conquer, Baffle. 

defect, 11. 1, quod deest, desideratum ; tlie — a 
of character, vitia, -orum; 2, labes, -is, f., 
vitiitm, mendum. defective, adj. imperjtctus, 
mduats, vitiosus ; tube — , deficete, dcesse. Adv. 
imperfecte, vitiuse. defection, n. (ab alio) 
defect io. deficiency, n. defect in (e.g. virlum, 
aninii), Utopia. 

defend, v.tr. 1, aJqm or cdqd ab alqo or 
"/■/ ; re defendere, alqm or cdqd titer i, tutari, cdqd 
ciii alqo prohibits, pro cdqo or cdqd re propugnare ; 
2, leg.il t.t. cavs(s)am cricjs diccre. defend- 
ant, n. reus, defence, n. 1, in gen. tutela, 
praesidium, defensio, patrocinium ; 2, legal t.t. 
patrocinium. defenceless, adj. inemis, 
sine praesidio. defensible, adj. quod defendi 
potest, defensive, adj. ad alqm defendetulum ; 

— war, helium cul hostes tepellendos susceptum ; 

— weapons, arma, -orum. 

defer, v.tr. 1, = to postpone, differre, pro- 
ferrc, prorogate (= to lengthen, e.g. the time for 
payment, diem ad solvendum), procrastiiiare, 
proclucire, prolatarc, re(j)iccre ; 2, = to give 
way to, alci cedere, obscqui, morem genre. 
deference, n. observant ia, obsequium. de- 
ferential, adj. submissus; see Humble. Adv. 
submisse. 

deficient, adj., see Defective. 

defile, I. n. angustiae, fauces, -ium, f. 
II. v.tr. maculare, inquinare, (con)spurcare, 
foedare, violare, polluere. defilement, n. 
macula, lubes, -is, f. 

define, v.tr. (de)*inite, describere, rircum- 
scribere, definition, n. (de\iinitio. definite, 
adj. certus, cnnitituttts, status, dejinitus. Adv. 
ccrte, certo, definite. 

deflect, v.intr. declinare, errare. 

deform, v.tr. deformare, depravare, in pejus 
mutate or vertcre. deformed, adj. distortus, 
deformities, drformis. deformity, n. deform- 
itas, turpitudo. 

defraud, v.tr. alqm alqd re fraudare, fraud- 
em or fallaciam alci facere,- fraude or dolo 
capere, fallcre, circumscribcre, circum venire, de- 
frauder, n. frwudator, oircumscriptor. 

defray, v.tr. sumptus suppeditare, solvere. 

defunct, adj. moriuus, fato functus. 

defy, v.tr. alqm provocate ( = to challenge), 
spernere alqd (e.g. imperia), rontemnerc alqd, alci 
rei se offerre or resistive, defiance, n. provo- 
cate (Plin.), contumacia (= obstinacy). 

degenerate, v.intr. degenerare aparentibus, 
mores mutare, depravari. degenerate, adj. 
degener, parent Hut* indignus. 

degrade, v.tr. = to lower in rank or position, 
t')i ordinem cogere (of soldiers), in gen. alqm 
g rati it. de(j)icere. degrading, adj. indecorus. 
degradation, n. ignominia, dedecus, -oris, n. 

degree, n. 1, gradus, -us; having — s, 
gradatus (= graduated) ; to such a — , to with 
noun in gen. nt, or adeout; by — s, jviul(l}.'thn, 
sensim ; 2, = — in a university, gradus. 

deify, v.tr. alqm. in caelum tollerc, alqm inter 
deos or in deorum numetum refcrrc. deified, 
adj. divus. deification, n. mnsecratio (Tac). 

deign, v.intr. dignari, velie with infin. 

deism, n. Deum esse putare. deist, n. 
qui Deum esse putat. Deity, n. Deus, numen. 

dejected, adj. maestus, tristis, perculsus ; 
to be — , in maerore esse or jctcere. Adv. 
maeste. dejection, n. aegritudo, muestitia, 
tristitia, macror. 

delay, I. v.tr. 1, = retard, (re)morari, detin- 



ire alqm, moram facere alci, moram did affirre, 
alqm (re)tardare,retinere,reprimere, cohibcre; 2, 
= prolong, duccre, (ex)trahere ; 3, = postpone, 
differre. II. v.intr. (compnorari, se tenire, 
continere,se cunclari, cessare; to — over a thing, 
in tdgd re cessare. III. n. mora, dilatio, cessatio 
(= idle — ). 
delectation, n. delcclutio, oblectatio. 

delegate, I. n. legatus, nuntius. II. 
v.tr. 1, of formal delegation, legcire (of state 
embassy), cdlegare (private); 2, = commit to 
anyone, alqd alci committers, mandate, delegare. 

deleterious, adj. m'ortifer, exitialis, pcrnici- 
osus. Adv. perniciose. 

deliberate, I. v.intr. deliberate, consulete, 
consultare, consilium inire or c. capire cle cdqd re ; 
to — over anything, alqd considerate, secum vol- 
vers. II. adj. 1, = slow, lentus ; 2,= careful, 
prudens. Adv. lente ; priidenter, considerate, 
cousulto. deliberative, adj. — assembly, 
consilium, senatus, -us. deliberation, n. 1, 
deliberatio, consultatio, consilium; 2, see 
Slowness. 

delicate, adj. 1, = tender, tencr, mollis; 2, 
= weak, imhecillus, infirmus ; 3, = fastidious, 
fastidiosus, delicatus ; 4, = requiring care, 
difficilis, anceps, accuratus ; 5, = fine, ex- 
quuitus. Adv. mnlliter, infirme, fastidiose, 
delicate, accurate, exquisite, delicacy, ll. 1, 
mollitia, — of taste, style, etc., humanitas, 
subtilitas; 2, imbecillitas, infirmitas ; 3, fast i- 
dium ; 4, ■= tact, prudeutia, cura ; 5, veitustas, 
elegant la ; 6, = a dainty, cibus delicatus. 

delicious, adj. suavis, dulcis, amoenus. Adv. 
suaviter, amoene. 

delight, I. n. voluntas, dulcedo. II. v.tr. 
delectate, ohlectate. III. v. intr. alqd te delec- 
tari or ohlectari. delightful, ndj. jiicundut, 
suavis, acceptui, grains. Adv. jucunde, suaviter, 
grate, deliglitfulness, n. suavitas, umoe- 
nitas. 

delineate, v.tr. 1, lit. designare, depingere ; 
2, lig. describere, depingere, adumbrate. See 
Describe, delineation, n. 1, adumhratio, 
descriptio ; 2, descriptio. 

delinquent, n. maleficus, capite damnatus. 
delinquency, n., delictum, scelus, -iris, n., 
facinus, -inoris, n. 

delirium, n. delirium, furor, delirious, 
adj. clclirus ; to be — , mente alienari. 

deliver, v.tr. 1, see Free; 2, =to utter, 
promt nt iate ; sec Speak; 3, in childbirth, to 
be delivered, partnm edere; 4, — up, prodere, 
dedere., trttdcre. deliverer, II. liberator, vin- 
dex. delivery, n. 1, liberatio; 2, actio, rlo- 
cutio, dirtio ; 3, partus, -vs ; 4, traditio, deditio. 

dell, n. (con)rallis. 

delude, v.tr. deludcre. See Deceive, de- 
lusion, n. 1, = cheat, fraus, dolus, fallacia ; 
2, = error, error, delusive, adj. falsus, fallen, 
nanus. Adv. fallaciter, ranc. 

deluge, I. n. 1, lit. eluvio; 2, fig. magna 
vis tdejs rei. II. v.tr. 1, lit. (terrain, etc.) inttn- 
dare; 2, lig. magnam copiam. ulcjs rei dare; be 
deluged with, alqd re cuinitlari. 

delve, v.tr. fodere. 

demagogue, n. norarum rerum anctor ; to 
be a — , rebus nuvis studfre. 

demand, I. v.tr. (de)poscere, exposcere, (ex)- 
postulare, (ef)flugitare, implorare, reqnircre, ftagi- 
tare, (ex)petac, exigire, reqiiirere. II, n. postu- 
latio, postulatum, flagilatin, preces, -ttm, t. 

demarcation, n. terminus, limes, -itis, m., 
confinium. • 



deni 



GV2 



des 



demean, v.tr. 1, = to conduct., se genre in 
re ; 2, = to lower oneself, descetidere ad alqd. 
demeanour, n. mores, -nm, m. 

demerit, n. culpa. See Blame, Fault. 

demi, n. semi, in conip. (e.g. semideus). 
demigod, n. heroe. 

demise, I. n. obit us, -us; see. Dead, II. 
V.tr. = leaving by will, legare. 

democracy, n. ratio popularis, civitas in 

qua omnia per populum admin istrantur. de- 
mocratical, adj. popularis. democrat, n. 
popvlarium fautor. 

demolish, v.tr. alqd demol iri ,de{j)icire (pro)- 
sternere, evertere. demolition, n. demolitio, 
eversio. 

demon, n. * daemon (Eccl.). 

demonstrate, v.tr. demonstrare, docire, 
{con) fir man, probare. demonstration, n. 
1, = pointing out, demo net ratio ; 2, = proof, 
argumentum, docwnentuiu ; 3, = political meet- 
ing, contio. demonstrable, adj. quod doceri 
potest, demonstrative, adj. 1, of argu- 
ment, n. argumentum ; 2, = eager, fervidns, 
vehement. Adv. vehementer. 

demoralize, v.tr. mores corrumpere, moribus 
nocere. demoralization, n. mores corrupt!. 

demur, v.intr. 1, legal t.t. = to object to, 
alci rei exceptionem jhcere, contra dienre ; 2, = 
to delay, remorari, vwramfacere. demurrer, 
)i. 1, legal t.t. nceptio ; 2, mora, dilatio. 

demure, adj. rerccundus. 

den, n, caverna, specus, -us, cavea, claustrum, 
latibitlum. 

denizen, n. incola, in. & f. 

denominate, I. v.tr. & II. n., see Name. 
denominator, n. index. 

denote, v.tr. (de)notare, designare, notam im- 
ponire alci rei, alqd osteudrre, significare. de- 
notation, n, designatio, significatio. 

denounce, v.tr. 1, denuntiarc; 2, — 
before a court, nomen <dcjs deferre, alqm accu- 
sare. denunciation, n. 1, denuntiatio ; 2, 

delatio, accusal io. denouncer, n. occusator, in- 
dex, delator. 

dense, adj. densus, confertus, creber, crassus, 
Bolidus. Adv. dense,, snlide, ennfertim (of soldiers). 
density, n, densitas, sol id Has; see also Stu- 

P1D1TV. 

dent, I. n. iiotu, injuria. II. v.tr. alci rei 
injuriam afferre. 

dentist, n. medicus (dentium). 

deny, v.tr. 1, = to refuse to admit, alqd (■'<■ ■ 
negare, recusare, or with accus. and infill, or 
quiii, quominns ; it cannot be denied, negari non 
potest qnin ; 2, = to — oneself, sihi temperate, se 
coercire or continere. ; to — anything, (ab) alqd re 
temperare. denial, n. tugatio, recusatio. 

depart, v. intr. 1, abirc ab or ex,tibscedere ah 

or ex, decedere (de or ex) loco, disccilere (alt) loco 
or ex loco, r.xcedlre loco or ex loco, egredi {ah) loco, 
digredi {ab, ex) Inco ; fig. = to die, decedere ex 
or a ritd. departure, n. abilns, decessus, dis- 
cesstis (all -its). 

department, n. l,munns, -Iris, n., mvnia, 
•orum, proviiicia ; 2, = district, pars, ager, 
regio. 

depend, v.intr. 1, = to be dependent on, 
pe.ndire ex ali/o or alq'i re, in alcjs dicione 
esse, esse in alcjs manu, in alcjs potestate verti, in 
alqo esse or positum ot silum esse: '?, = to rely 
on, alci (con)fidiire ; — upon it, mild crede. de- 
pendent, adj. & n, use verb (e.g. qui ex tt 



pendel, etc.): dependence, n. 1, = subjeo 
tion, ilicio ; 2, = trust, Jiducia. 

depict, v.tr. lir. k lig. (de)pingcre,(cf)fingrre, 
exprimire, describere. 

deplore, v.tr. deplorare, deflSre, complorare. 
deplorable, adj. .see Miserable. 

deponent, n. 1, legal t.t. testis, -is, m. and 
f. ; 2, grain, t.t. {vcrhum) deponens. 

depopulate, v.tr. terram (de)vastare, (de)- 
popitlari, vacucj'ocire. depopulation, 11. 
popvlatia, vastatio. 

deport, v.tr. se ged-re. deportment, I). 

1, = carriage, gestus, -iis ; 2, = behaviour, 
mores, -mil, m. 

depose, v.tr. 1, = to remove from office, loco 
suo (ilqm movers ; see Dethrone ; 2, = — as a 
witness, testari, testificari. deposition, n. 1, 
use verb ; 2, testimonium. 

deposit, I. v.tr. 1, = to lay down, (de)ponere; 

2, of money, pecuniam apud alqm (dejponerc, 
pecuniam collocare. II. n. 1, quod depositum 
est ; pecuniae apud alqm depositae ; 2, == pledge, 
pignns, -erts, n. See Pledge, depository, 
n. apotheca, receptaculvm. 

deprave, v.tr. depravare, corrumpere, xdti- 
are. depravation, n. depraratio, corrvptio, 
depravity, n. pravitas, turpitvdo, mwes per- 
diti, mores turpes. 

deprecate, v.tr. deprecari alqd ah alqo or 
quin with subj. deprecation, n. deprecatin. 

depreciate, v.tr. mimtere, elerare (=lessen), 
ohtrectare alci or aid rei. depreciation, n. 
obtrectatia. 

depredation, n. latracinium. depre- 
dator, n. praedator, latro. 

depress, v.tr. deprimere, opprimere, alcjs 
animum affligere. depression, n. tristitia, 

maeror. 

deprive, v.tr. alqm alqd re privare, (dc)spol- 
iare, exspaliare, orbare, alqd alci adimcrc, drtra- 
here, eripere. deprived, adj. orbus (orbatus) 
alqd re; — of the use of his limbs, membris 
captus. deprivation, n.privatio, spoliatio. 

depth, n. see Deep. 

depute, v.tr. legare (in state affairs), allegarc. 
(in private), deputy, n. see Agent, depu- 
tation, n. legati. 

derange, v.tr. (de)turbare, pertvrbare, con- 
turbare. deranged, adj. demens, insamts. 
derangement, n. 1, = confusion, perturb- 
alio ; 2, = madness, dementia, insania. 

deride, v.tr. alqm or alqd deridere, irridere. 
derider, n. irrisor. derision, n. irrisio, 
:1erisive, adj. by verb. 

derive, v.tr. derivart ( — to draw off or turn 
aside a river), {de)tlua~:i-e; to — a word, verbum 
ex or oh alqd re (deyiucerc. 

derogate from, v.tr. derogare. (e.g. abpl de, 
magnificent id, alqd sihi, fidem alci), alci or alci 
rei ohtrectare. derogatory, adj. to be — 
to, alci dedecort esse : to speak in a — manner 
of anyone, alci ohtrectare. 

descend, v.intr. 1, = to come down, de- 
scendere ex or ilc; 2, lig. tradi ; to be — ed 
from, ortum or orivwlum esse, ab alqo: 3, see 
Attack, descendant, n. prognatus ; pi. pro- 
genies, posteri. descent, n. 1, = going down, 
use the verb; 2, of a hill, declivitas, locus 
dec! iris ; 3, — origin, origo, genus, -iris, n. 
stir/is, progenies; 4, — upon = attack, irrvptio, 
incursin, incursus, -its. 

describe, v.tr. 1, describere, verbis exseqvi, 
scriptnrd petwrui, explicare alqd or de alqd 
re, exponere alqd or de alqd re, alqd ena.rrare 



dea 



673 



dot 



ttMMerdft, edmprehendere, complecti, lit(t)cris 
mandate, memoriae prodere, tradcre; 2, -= to 
draw, descrlbcre. description, n. detcriptio, 
{epiarratio, exposltlo. 

desecrate, v.tr. prafanare, profanum facere, 
exaugurare (opp. inaitgurare), pollulre, maculare, 
violure. desecration, n. polluta sacra, -orum. 

desert, n. dlgnttas, virtus, -atii, f., meritum. 

desert, I. n. = wilderness, soiitudo, vastitas, 
regio deserta, loca, -orum, deserta; to turn into 
P. —.regionem (de)vastare. II. v.tr. 1, in gen. 
desercre, (ikyreluuptere, destituere, alci decsse,alqm 
proiUre; 2, = to become a deserter, signo. de- 
sercre or relinquire, ad Iwstem transfuglre or per- 
fujh-e. desertion, n. 1, (de)reUctio; 2, 
transitu ttd hostem. deserter, n. tra.nsfu.aa, 
descrtor. 

deserve, v.tr. (com)merSre, (coni)mcrcri, 
(pro)iiicra-e, (pro)mn-cri, digimm esse re; he — 
praise from me, dig hub est quern laudem or qui a 
me loudetur; — well of a person or city, bene dc 
nlqo or erga atom mererl. deserving, adj. alqd 
re digitus. Adv. merito, juiv. 

desideratum, n. quod dcest, res necessaria. 

design, n. and v.tr. 1, see Sketch ; 2, see 

i't-RrosE. designing, adj. peritus, pnidens, 

nolens or, in bad sense, fraudulentus. Adv. 
consulto. 

designate, v.tr. designare, notare, eliglre, 
nomhiare. designation, n. 1, designate, 
nominatw, notatio ; 2, = purpose, finis, ratio. 

desire, I, n. alcjs rci appetitio, appetitus, -us, 
appetentia, cupldltas, cupido, desiderium. II. 
v.tr. alqd appetSre, ezpetere, cupere, concupiscere, 
desiderare, desiderio alcjs teneri, avSre (with 
Infln., e.g. area scire, audire, etc.). ; what do you 
— f quid via? quid fieri jubes? desirable, 
ad.j. optabilis, expetenthu. desirous, adj. alcjs 
m appetens, cupidus, avidns. Adv. appctcnter, 
cupide, avidc. ♦ 

desist, v.intr. deslstire re (ab re and de re 
or with infln.), absisten (a)re. 

desk, n. mensa ( = table), scrinium ( = 
escritoire). 

desolate, I. adj. 1, = waste, vastus, desertus; 
2, = bereaved, orbus ; 3, = despairing, spe 
ilcstUvtus, maestus. II. v.tr. vastare, (de)popu- 
larl. r 

despair, I. n. desperatio. II. v.intr. de- 
sperare (— of, de re or alqd or alci rci, or with 
accus. and inilii.) ; —of the cure of a sick person, 
aegrotum or aegroti salutem desperare. de- 
spairing, adj. see Desperate. 

despatch, dispatch, I. v.tr. 1, = to do. 

conjiccre, pcrficere, absolvere, finire ; with haste 
maturare, accelerarc; 2, = send off, (di)mil- 
tire, ablegare (on private), legare (on public 
business); 3, = kill, triicidart, caedere. II. n. 1, 
confectio, per/ectio, festinatio, properatio ; 2, mis'- 
sio ; 3, trucidatio, catties, -is, t. despatches 
n.pl. lit(t)erae publice missae. 

desperate, adj. X,=]\oyc]ena,exspes, sine spe, 
desiKratus (= despaired of) ; a _ state of affairs, 
res despemtae or extremae ; 2, - dangerous peri- 
culosus; 3, = villainous, scelerutus, scelestus; 4, — 
brave, fortissunus. Adv. desperanter, periculose, 
sceleste, scelerate, or by superl. (e.g. — wicked 
sceleratissunus), fortissirne, acerrime. desper- 
ation, n. tlesperatio. 

despise, v.tr. contemnere, contemptui habere, 
despicere, aspernari, speruere. despicable. 
adj. contemnendus, turpis. Adv. turpiter,/ocde, 

despite, I. n. odium, ma'Uia. II. prep. 
contra, adversus (e.g. contra legei, = in — of the 
laws); in, with abl., (coiitemptis precibus meis 
99 



Romam rediit, = (in) despite (of) my prayers ha 
returned to Home). 

despond, v.intr. desperare de rebus suis, spe 
dejectum esse, despondency, n. see Desfaib. 

despot, n. tyrannus,domimts. despotism, 
n. domiiuitus -us, tyrannis, -idis, I., domiiiatio. 
despotioal, adj. impariosus, tuptrbu*. Adv 
superbe, crudilitsr. 

dessert, n. mensa secunda, 

destine, v.tr. alqd or alqm ad alqd or aid 
ret destinure, alad constitue're or statuire. 
destined, adj. destinatus, status, constilutus. 
destination, n. 1, = end, finis, m. and f. ; 
2, = end of journey, locum quem pelimus, or the 
name of the town, etc. destiny, n. faium, 
so IS. 

destitute, adj. inop$,egma; of anything, 
alcjs rei innjis, alqd re destitutus, privatua, or 
use sine with abl. destitution, n. inopia. 

destroy, v.tr. perdcre, destruire, diruere, 
demoliri, cccrterc, rcscindere (e.g. ]x>utem), in- 
terciderc (pontem), delere, ex(s)tinguere (societa- 
ten vitae, potentiam), dissolvere, intemunpere ; 
conficerc, subvertere (e.g. imperium, leges et liber- 
tatem); to — oneself, mortem sibi consciscere. 
destroyer, n. evertor rei, qui alad perdit, etc. 
destructible, adj. fragilis, quod perdl potest. 
destructibility, n. fragilitas. destruc- 
tion, n. dissolutio, eversio, excidium, ex(s)tinctio. 
destructive, adj. jierniciosus, exitlosus, fun- 
estus. Adv. perniciose. 

desuetude, n. oblivio. 
desultory, adj. inconstant, llvis, mobilis, 
instabilis. Adv. parum diligeiiter. 

detach, v.tr. alqd ab alqd re separare, sejun- 
glre, disjungire. detachment, n. =a body 
of troops, delecta manus, -lis, delecti (milites). 

details, n. singula, -orum, singulae res ; to 
go into — , de singulis agcre. detail, v.tr. res 
ej;plieare, singula conseciari ct colligere. 

detain, v.tr. (de)tinlre. detention, n. 
imjiedvnentum, mora; — in custody, custodia, 
comprchensio ( = arrest). 

detect, v.tr. alqr,i in alqd re deprehendere', 
alqd invenire, reperire, paiefacere. detection, 
n. deprehensio, but better by verb (e.g. the — h 
due to him, a6 eo res patefacta est). 

deter, v.tr. deterrlre alqm ab or de re (or witli 
ne, quin, quominus). 

deteriorate, I. v.tr. deterius Jac&re, in 
detenus mutare, in pejus mutare or vertere, cor- 
rumjiere. II. v.intr. deter iorem (deterius) fieri, 
in pejorem partem verti et mutari, in pejus mutari* 
deterioration, n. deterior coiulicio or 
status, -us. 

determine, v.tr. 1 = settle, alqd (di)}udi- 
care, (de)finire, alqd or de alqd re decemcre, alqd 
statucre, constitute; 2, = decide to, skduf.re, 

constitute, decernere with infln. ; I am ed, 

certum est mihi alqd facere, or by fut. part. (e.g. 
— to die, inoriturus). determination, n. 1, 
(de)finitio, (di)judicatio, arbitrium, judicium, 
sententia; 2, consilium, ratio; 3, = decision of 
character, constantia, gravitas. determined, 
adj. cousUt7is, gravis. 

detest, v.tr. ahpn or alqd detestari, aversari. 
detestable, adj. detestandus, detestabilis. 
Adv. foede, ne/arie. detestation, n. odium. 

dethrone, v.tr. alci regi imperium abrogare,- 
regnum alci eripere or au/erre. 

detonate, vintr. crcpitare, t fragorem dare', 

detract, v.tr. detrahere de alqo or de alqd re, 

aljd miiiuere, alci obtrectare. detraction, n, 

obtrectatio. 



det 



an 



dim 



detriment, n. damnum, tletrimentum, 
(actum. detrimental, ndj. perniciosus, 
iniquus, adversus, \ contrariiis. Adv. jwniiciosc. 

deuce, n. as exclamation, malum, abi in 
malum rem (or crueem). 

devastate, v.tr. (per)vastare, (de)pnpulari, 
perpopidarU devastation, n. vastatio, (de)- 
popxdatio. 

develop, I. v.tr. 1, = explain, alqd erplirnre, 
evnlrere, erplanarc ; 2, = educate, educare, 
eidoUre; 3, = improve, augrre (e.g. tlio re- 
sources of a country), excolere. II. v.intr. 
crescere, adoleseere, augeri. development, n. 
1, explicatio, erplanatio ; 2, = growth, etc., 
auctus, -its, progressus, -vs. 

deviate, v.intr. declinare, deflectere, digredi, 
discedere, ab alqd re (ab)errare. deviation, n. 
deelinatio (lit. or fig.), digressio (fig.), devious, 
adj. devius, errabundus. 

device, n. 1, ratio, consilium; 2, — motto, 
insigne, dictum, seatentia; as an inscription, 
inscriptio. 

devil, n. * dw.bolus (Eccl.); go to the — ! 
abi in malaM partem! devilish, adj. * dia- 
lolicvs (Eccl.), nefandus. Adv. * diabolice, foede. 

devise, v.tr. 1, exeogiturc, invenire, Jingere, 
machinari (in a bad sense) ; 2, see Bequeath. 

devoid, adj. (ah) alqd re vacuus, liber; — of 
care, securus. 

devolve, I. v.tr. alqd aid, (depnandare, 
defer re. II. v.intr. alci (nh)vcnire, transmit! i. 

devote, v.tr. 1, lit. alqd alci (dAvor'.r, 
(aon)secrare, (de)di<xtre ; 2, fig. alqd alci (rei) ad- 
didre, ad alqd destinare ; to — oneself to. sc alci 
(rei) dedcre, sc ad alqd con/erre. devoted, adj. 
alcjs rei studiosus. Adv. studios?, or by supcrl. 
(e.g. — attached, umantissimus). dcvotion,n.l, 
devotio, dedicatio; 2, stndium, obsequium, obser- 
vantia, amor, benevolentia ; 3, = religions feeling, 
pietas ergo. Deum. devotions, n. preces, -urn, f. 

devout, adj. plus erga Deum, venerabundus. 
Adv. pie. 

dew, n. ros ; the — fulls, rorat, cadit ros. 
dewy, adj. roscidus. 

dewlap, n. palearia, -ium, pi. 

dexterity, n. habUitas, famltas, ingenii 
dex'eritas ad alqd, sol(l)ertio, pe.ritia, scientla rei. 
dexterous, adj. kahilis, dexter, peritus,sol(l)er8, 
eciena. Adv. dext(e)re, perite, sol(l)erter, scienter. 

diadem, n. dtademn, -alis, n., insigne 
(regium). 

diagonal, adj. diagonal!.*. 

diagram, n. descriptio, forma (geomeirica). 

dial, n. solarium. 

dialect, n. lingua with special adj. (e.g. 
rustica, Anglicana); dialects, -i (Snet.) ; to 
speak in the Doric — , Dorics loqui. 

dialectics, n. dialectica, -at, dialectica, -orum, 
Ti. ars benedissereudi et vera ar falsa dijudimndi, 
illsserendi ratio. 

dialogue, n. 1, =the philosophical, dialogue, 
pernio; 2, = — in plays, diverbium, sermones at 
terni ; 3, = conversation, srrmo. 

diameter, n. Tdiametros, linr'i media. 

diamond, n. adamas. 

diaphragm, n. diaphragma (hue), t>i 
praecordia, -ium, pi. 

diarrhoea, n. olvl profluvium, profusio, 
alvvscita, citatior, Hqvida.fluens, soluta (Stappoia 
only as a Greek word, in Cicero). 

diary, n. ephemeris, -idis, f . ( = n merchant's 
»-), adversaria, orum. 



dice, die) I. n. talus, trssem; to play at --- 
tali* or tfsseris ludlre, aled or alcam ludcre; a — • 
box, fritillvs, alvtus, alveolus. II. v.intr. tedoi 
or tesseras jucere or mittere. dicer, n. p^n, 
aleator. 

dictate, v.tr. 1, = to read to one who writes 
down, dictare; 2. see Order, dictation, n. 
1, sec Order, Sw.vy ; 2, = an exercise, quod, 
dictatum est. dictator, n. dictator, dicta- 
torial, adj. imperiosuB. dictatorship, n, 
dictatura. 

diction, n. dicendi or seribendi gnats, -A-fs, 
n., se.rmo. 

dictionary, n. * thesaurus verbomm, 

die v.intr. mori, vitd '■ dcccdcre, diem svprcm- 
vm obt.e. 

diet, I, 11. 1, victus, -■)".', diaeta ; 2, = as- 
sembly, conventus regum or principum. II. 
v.tr. alqm victum edei imponere. 

differ, v.intr. diserepare cum alqo or alqd re, 
dissidere, dissent ire ah or Mini abp, differre ab 
alqo or olqf< re. different, adj. discrepant, rli- 
versus, tlissimilis, rarius. Adv. nliter, aliomodo. 
difference, n. varictas, diversitas (in pen.), 
discrepantia, dissensio ( — — in opinion ami 
feeling). 

difficult, adj. difficilis, arduus, imped it us, 
magni negolii, laboriosus. difficulty, n. diffi- 
cultas; pecuniary difficulties, pecuniae inopiu ; 
with — , vix. 

diffidence, . n. diffide utio. diffident, adj. 
timidus, diffidens. Adv. timide, modeste. 

diffuse, I. v.tr. .diffundbre, differre, (ili)rul- 
gave. II. adj. copiosus, verbosua ; to be — , 
longum esse. Adv. longe, diffuse, latins ct diffu- 
sa us, copiose, verbose, diffuseness, n. by adj. 
(e.g. the — of a speech, oralio longa). diffu- 
sion, n. propagatio, or by adj. 

dig, v.tr. fodSre; to — up, effodlre, ci-cllcre. 
digger, n. fossor. % 

digest, I. v.tr. concoquire, conficere. II. n. 
digexla, -orum (Jet.), digestion, n. concoctio. 
digestible, adj. facilis ad concoquendum. 

dignity, n. 1, in gen. honeetas ( = moral 
dignity), gravitas ( = earnestness of character), 
auctoritas ( = influence), amplitndo, majestas 
( = rank), dignitas ( = both of character and 
rank); to stand en one's — , superbvm se /; ie- 
hire; 2, = dignity of ofllce, dignitas; official 
— , magistrate, -us. dignify, v.tr. dignita- 
tem defer re alci, (ex)ornare alqm. dignified, 
adj. gravis; in a — way, summd gravitate. 

digress, v.intr. ab alqd re digredi, aberrare. 
digressive, adj. o piroposito digredi. di- 
gression, n. digressio. 

dike, ii. moles, -is, f., agger, -cris, in. 

dilapidation, n. injuria, detriment urn. 

dilate, v.tr. 1, — to extend, dilatare; 2, fig. 
to — upon, de alqd re latius dicere. 

dilatory, adj. tardus, lentvs. dilatori- 
ness, n. cunctatio, tarditas, mora. 

dilemma, n. complerio; the horns of a—, 
res in angustias deductae. 

diligence, n. diligentia, induslria, (gjnari- 
las ; with — . Industrie, (g)nuviter, sedulo, strenne, 
studiose, diligenter, cum diligentid. diligent, 
adj. tlilitjciis, industrlus, studiosus rei. 

dilute, v.tr. 1, lit. aqnA alqd (pcr)miscne, 
diluire; 2, fig. diluere ( — an evil). 

dim, I. v.tr. obscurare. II. adj. dbsenrus. 
dimness, n. obsonritas. 

dimension, n. dimensio. 

diminish, I. v.tr. 'jm}miimlre, n»W 



dim 



G?5 



din 



IX. v.intr. sc minuere, (im)minui. diminu- 
tive, n. nomen deminutivum(Grnm.), see SMALL, 
dimple, n. gelasinus (Mart.). 

din, I. 11. strepitus, -iis, fremitus, -us ; to 
make a — , strepere, strepitwm edere. II. v.tr. 
alcjs nines obtundere. 

dine, v.tr. prandere, cenare; to — with one, 
npud alqm cenare or accuhare. dining-room, 
11. conclave, dinner, n. (at noon) prandium, 
(the chief meal, at three or four o'clock) cena. 

dingy, adj. fuscus, sordidus, 

dint, n. 1, = a mark, nota ; 2, by — of, by 
abl. (e.g. ira, = by — of anger). 

diocese, n. *diocesis (Eccl.). 

dip, I. v.tr. (in)tingire in re, merg&re in alqd. 
II. v.intr. 1, (im)mergi; 2, see Incline ; 3, to — 
into (of a book), lihrum strictim attingere. III. 
n. 1, = slope, dcclinatio; — of a hill, deciivi- 
tas; 2, = into water, by verb (e.g. to take a — , 
immergi). 

diploma, n. diploma, -dtis, n. diplomacy, 
n. 1, legatio (e.g. to follow the profession of 
— , legationes obire); 2, = craft, astutia. 
diplomat, n. legates, diplomatic, adj. = 
clever, astutus, callidus. 

dire, adj. dims, atrox. direfulness, n. 
atrocitas. 

direct, I. v.tr. 1, = to manage, alci rei 
praecsse, praesidere, alqd administrate, procurare, 
dirigere, regere, gubirnare; 2, see Order; 3, = 
to show the way, viam alci monstrare ; 4, = to 
— one's course, etc., iter dirigere, flectcre, con- 
verted ; 5, = to — a letter, alci cpistolam 
inscrihere. II. adv. see Directly. III. adj. 
(di)rcrtus. direction, it. 1, cura, procwatio, 
administrate, moderatio, gubematio ; 2, see 
Order ; 3, use verb ; 4, = course, iter, itineris, 
n., cursus, -us, via; in different — s, in- diversas 
■partes ; 5, insariptlo. directly, adv. 1, = in -a 
straight course, recta vid; 2, = immediately, 
statim, confestim. directness, n. 1, of a route, 
via recta ; 2, of speech, sermo manifestos, clams, 
planus, director, n. magister, praeses, -idis, 
in. and f. , prae.fcctus. 

dirge, n. nenia. 

dirt, n. caenum, sordes, -is, f. , illuvies, squalor. 
dirty, I. adj. 1, lit. caenosus, lutulentus, spurcus, 
sordidus '/iimundus; to be — , surdire, stpicdirc; 
2, Hg. suididus, turpis. Adv. spurce, sordide, 
immvnde. II, v.tr. 7iuiculare, inquinare. 

disable, v.tr. infirmare, enervate, debililare, 
frangire. 

disabuse, v.tr. alqm dedoccre alqd. 

disadvantage, n. incommodum ; see 
Damage, disadvantageous, adj. incom- 
Modus. Adv. incommode. 

disaffect, v.tr. (ab)alienare, sol(l)icitare. 
disaffected, adj. (ab)alienatus, animo aliemo 
or averso ab alqo or alqd re. disaffection, 
n. alienatio, animus alienus or aversns. 

disagree, v.intr. ab alqo, inter se, etc., dis- 
crepare, dissentire, dissidere; of food, non facile 
concoqui, stomucho graven, esse. disagree- 
able, adj. ingratus, gravis, molest us, injucun- 
dus. Adv. ingrate, graviter, molestc. dis- 
agreement, n. dissidium; see Quarrel. 

disallow, v.tr. improbare, renucre, vctare. 

disappear, v.intr. ahire, aufcrri, tolli, ob- 
ecurari, evantscere. disappearance, n. by 

verb (e.g. after the disappearance of this hope, 
hac spe subldtd). 

disappoint, v.tr. ad vanum or ad irritum 

redigcrc, frustrari, spent fallen ; to — a person 
in all his plans, conturbure tdci omnes rat tones. 



disappointment, n. frustfallo, better l>y 
verb (e.g. 1 have met with a — , spes mefefellit). 

disapprove, v.tr. improbare, reprobare, con* 
demnare. disapproval, n. improbatla'. 

disarm, v.tr. alqm armis exuere, arma alci 
adimere. 

disarrange, v.tr. (con)turbare, perturbare, 

confundere. disarrangement, n. perturimtio. 
disaster, n. malum, clades, -is, f., calamitas, 

incommodum, casus, -us (adversns); to he in—, 
afflictd condicione esse, disastrous, adj. cala- 
milosus, funestus, adversus, gravis, tristis ; — 
state of things, res adversac, fortunae affiiclae. 
Adv. calumilose, funeste, adverse, graviter. 

disavow, v.tr. diffitcri, infitiari, infitias ire, 
abnuerc, repudiate, (de)negare. disavowal, n. 

infltiatio, repudiatio (rare). 

disband, v.tr. exauctorare, missos faelre, 
dimittere, militia solvere, Sacramento solvere. 

disbelieve, v.tr. alci (rei) non credere, dis- 
belief, n. use verb. 

disburden, v.tr. alqm or alqd alq/l re 
exonerare, levare, liberare, solvere, cxpedire. 

disburse, v.tr. see Pa v. 

discern, v.tr. discernere; — black from 
white, atra ct alba or ab ulbis discernere. dis- 
cernible, adj. conspicuus. discerning, adj. 
intellegens, perspicax, sagax, p>rudens. discern- 
ment, n. 1, = distinguishing, distinctio ; 2, = 
insight, intelligent ia, prudentia, perspicicntia ; 
a man of great — , vir prudentissimus. 

discharge, I. v.tr. 1, as a soldier, missum 
facire, alqm (dipnittere (ab cxercitu), alqm militUl 
solvere, exauctorare alqm, Sacramento solvere alqm 
( = to free a soldier from his oath), alqm loco 
uiovSre ; — a gladiator, rude (rudis' = the foil 
given.as a token of honour) donare; to — a civil 
officer or servant, mittire alqm, missumfacere alqm, 
remorere. alqm repubtic-d, alqm submorHre adminis- 
tralione reipublicac or n republicd; 2, = unload, 
navem, etc., exonerare ; 3, = pay, solvere; 4, = 
perform, alqd re fungi ; 5, = let off, telum (e)mit- 
tere. II. v.intr. of rivers, in mare effundi or 
(e.nfluire ; of wounds, pus exit, or effunditur. 
III. n. 1, (di)missio; 2, by verb; 3, solutlo ; 
4, functio ; 5, cmissio ; 6, of wounds, rivers, 
etc., use verb. 

disciple, n. discipulns, auditor. 

discipline, I. n, disciplina, regimen; want 
of — , licentia. il. v.tr. instituire, coercire, in. 
officio contlnire. 

disclaim, v.tr. repudiare. 

disclose, v.tr. detegire, relegere, revelare, 
nudare, aperire, jxdefacere. disclosure, n. 
indicium, delatio. 

discolour, v.tr. colorem mutare, decolorarc. 

discomfit, v.tr. 1, fundire, proftigare, in 
fugamvertere; 2, fig. repellere, sjwit alci eripire. 
discomfiture, n. 1, eludes, -is, f., strages, -is, 
i.,fuga; 2, by verb. 

discomfort, n. incommodum. 

disconcerted, adj. perturbatus. 

disconsolate/, adj. spe destitutus, tristis. 
Adv. maeste. 

discontent, n. molest ia, taedium, fast-id ium. 
discontented, adj. sorte sud non contentus; 
to be — , moleste ferre alqd. 

discontinue, v.tr. interrumpere, intermit- 
tere, intercdp&re, omittere, dirimcre. 

discord, n. 1, in music, diserepam sonus, -its! 
dissonantia ; 2, fig. dissensio, dissidium, discordia. 
discordant, adj. 1, in music, absonvs; 2, 
dissidens ab or cum alqo, discors cum alqo. Adv. 
sf«e concentu, non congruenter. 



dis 



676 



dis 



discount, I. 11. deductio; without any 
~-, sine ulld deduction? ; to pay without — , 
solidum solvere. II. v.tr. deduction* facta pccu- 
niam solvere. 

discountenance, v.tr. improbare, condem- 
nors 

discourage, v.tr. animvm alcjs infringh-e, 
deprimere, /range re, affligere ; to be discouraged, 
ajiigi, de a!qd re desperare ; to — anything, alqd 
diseuwtire or with ne ; see Df.ter. discour- 
agement n. quod alcjs animum affligit. 

discourse, I. n. = conversation, serai, 
collocutio, colloquium, disputatio ( = discussion) ; 
= a speech or sermon, contio. II. v.intr. 1, 
confabulari, colloqui cum alqo ; 2, contionari ( = 
— to nn assembly of the people), orationem 
facere or habere. 

discourteous, adj. inurbanus, rusticus. 
Adv. inurbane, rustics, discourtesy, n. in- 
■u rba nitas, rust icitas. 

discover, v.tr. invenire, aperire, detegire 
( = find), indicare ( = point out), in lucem pro- 
ferre, enuntiare{— make known), discoverer, 
n. inventor, auctor, index, inventrix (fern.), 
discovery, n. inventia, investigate (as act); 
= the thing discovered, inventum, res inventa. 

discredit, I. n. = disgrace, dedecns,-oris,n., 
ignominia, probrum, infamia. II. v.tr. alejsfidem 
minvi-re, de fund detrahere, alcjs auctoritatcm 
levare, aid invidiam facere. discreditable, 
adj. inhonestus, turpis. 

discreet, adj. prudens, cautus, gravis, con- 
stans. Adv. prudenter, cante, graviter, constan- 
ter. discretion, n. prudentia, continentia 
( = self-restraint), cautio ( = wariness). 

discrlminate.'v.tr. di(j)udicarr, disrernere, 
distinguere {alqd ab alqa re or two nouns joined 
by et). discrimination, n. discrimen; to 
make — , discrimen facere. 

discursive, adj. inconstans, varius, vagus. 
Adv. varir, incovstanter. discursiveness, 
n. error. 

dl8CUS3, v.tr. disceptare, disputare. {alqd or 
derey discussion, n. disceptatio, disputatio. 

disdain, I. v.tr. dedignari, spernere, fasti- 
dire, asnernari. II. n. fastigium, arrogantia. 
disdainful, adj. arrugans; see Hauohtv. 

disease, n. morbus; to suffer from — , 
aegrotare. diseased, adj. aeger, aegrotus. 

disembark, I. v.tr. exponere ; — soldiers, 
copias {e classe, navibvs) exponere. II. iutr. 
exponi (e nave) egredi. disembarkation, n. 
egrtssnis, -us. 

disembarrass, v.tr. alqm alqd re expedire, 
liberare, cxanerare. 

disembodied, adj. corporis sui expers. 

disenchant, v.tr. 1, lit. alqm liberare (allow. 
ing context to dellne from what) ; 2, fig. alcjs 
animum converters, or mnlare. 

disengage, v.tr. solvere, liberare. disen- 
gaged, adj. otiosut, i-acuns. 

disentangle, v.tr. expedire, cxplicare. 

disfavour, n. odium, ira ; to fall into — , 
alci in otlium venire. 

disfigure, v.tr. deformare. 

disfranchise, v.tr. dvitatem aid adimere, 
alqm sufragio privare. disfranchisement, 
n. by verb (e.g. he suffered — , sufragio privaius 
est). 

disgorge, v.tr. 1, (e)vomcn\ r{j)icere ; 2,= 
give up, redden. 

disgrace, I. n. 1, = shame, turpitudo, 
infamia, dedeevs, -5ris, n., ignomin ul ; mark of --, 



nota; 2, = shameful act, dedecus,probrum,fidgi- 
tium, opprobrium. II. v.tr. dedecorare, polluere, 
alci dedecori esse, dedecus inurcre. disgraceful, 
adj. turpis, foedus, inhonestus, flagitiosus, pro- 
brosus, infamia. Adv. turpitcr, foede, inhoneste, 
flagitiose. 

disguise, I. n. 1, in dress, vest is mutata; 
= mask, persona, larva ; 2, = appearance, 
metics, simulacrum, imago, simulatio, persona. 
II. v.tr. 1, alqm aliend veste occultare, vestum 
mutarc ; 2, tig. alqd {dis)simnlare, occultare. 

disgust, n. fastidium, taedium, satietas 
(from fulness), nausea (from a foul stomach). 
disgusting, adj. tcter, molestus ( =: trouble- 
some), gravis, horrihilis. Adv. tetre, mnlestf, 
graviter. 

dish, I. n. patina, patella, lan.r, scutnla.- 
II. v.tr. — up, apponere. 

dishearten, v.tr. animum akjs frangere, 
spern alci eripfre. 

dishonest, adj. malus, improbus, inhonestus, 
male moratus, fallax, fraudulcntus. Adv. male, 
improbe, fallaciter, fra ndulenter. dishonesty, 
n. improbitas, mores pravi or corrupti, fraus. 

dishonour, I. v.tr. dedecorare, dedecor; affi- 
cere, p<illucre. II. n. ignominia ; see Disgrace. 

disinclination, n. dedinatio rei (opp. 
appetitio), fuga, animus alienus or aversus. 
disinclined, adj. ab alqd re alienus, alienatus, 
aversus. 

disingenuous, adj. see Dishonest. 

disinherit, v.tr. exheredare, exheredem 

facere, hereditate excluders. 

disinter, v.tr. effodtre, eruere. 

disinterested, adj. suae utiliiatit imme- 
mor. Adv. gratuito, liberaliter. disinter- 
estedness, n. liberalitas, abstinentia. 

disjoin, v.tr. disjungere, sejung&re. 

disjoint, v.tr. = cut up, scindCre,{dis)secare, 
concidirc, membratim caedire. disjointed, adj. 
inierruptus, hand continuus, laud bene composi- 
tus. Adv. incomposite. 

disk, n. discus, orbis, m. 

dislike, v.tr. improbare, aversari, fast id ire. 

dislocate, v.tr. luxare (only in past part.). 
dislocation, n. by verb. 

dislodge, v.tr. (dr)pelle're, expelllre, propel' 
lire. 

disloyal, adj. perfidus, infidelis. Adv. per- 
fide, disloyalty, n. perjiaia, infidelitas; to 
show — , perjide agire. 

dismal, adj. maestus, luctuosus, tristis, miser. 
Adv. maeste, luctuose, misere. 

dismantle, v.tr. alqd nudare, retegirej — 
fortifications, diruere. 

dismast, v.tr. malo or malis privare. 

dismay, I. n. terror. II. v.tr. ten-Ire 
alqm ; see Frighten. 

dismember, v.tr. see Disjoint. 

dismiss, v.tr. {ili)mittere, missvm face re 
alqm; see Discharge. dismissal, n. (rfi> 
missio, (to vote for — , e.g. senatvs Caelium ah re- 
publicd removendum censuit) ; of soldiers, dis- 
missio militnm, exauctoratio ; see Discharge. 

dismount, v.intr. descendire, desilire ex 
eqvo or equis. 

disobey, v.tr. alci non parcre or oboedire, 
alci dicto audientem non esse, disobedient, 
adj. non parens, dicto non avdiens, minus oboe- 
diens. Adv. non oboedienter. disobedience, 
11. contumacia. 

disoblige, v.tr. alci morem non gcrcrc. 



dis 



677 



dis 



elisor 'er, I. n. 1, confusio; 2, = — of the 
mind, animi commotio, pertnrbatio ; 3, = moral 
— , licentla ; 4, — disease, morbus. II. v.tr. (con)- 
turban, perturbare, nuscere, confundere. dis- 
ordered, adj. 1, of body, aeger; 2, of mind, 
aluuatHs. disorderly, adj. 1, = confused, 
confusns, (con)turbatus, perplexus, incompositus, 
inortlinatus; 2, — of conduct, ejfrcnatus, disso- 
httus, pravus, corruptus. 

disorganize, v.tr. (dis)solvere, resolvere. 
disorganisation, n. dissolutio. 

disown, v.tr. — a person's authority, de- 
trectare alcjs imperium: — as a judge, alqm 
judicem recusare ; — a debt, infiliari debitum. 

disparage, v.tr. cxtenuare, elevare, parvi 
facere, alci obtrectare. disparagement, n. 
obtrectatio. disparaging, adj. invidiosus. 

disparity, n. dissimilitudo, diversitas, 
differentia. 

dispassionate, adj. placidus, placatus, 
tranquility. Adv. placide, placate, tranquille. 

dispatch, v.tr. see Despatch. 

dispel, v.tr. discutere (= to shake off), dissi- 
pare (e.g. ordinespugnantium), (de)pcllere, dispel- 
lerc, (dissolve re, resolvere; — fear, metum alci 
depellerc. 

dispense, v.tr. 1, = distribute, distribute, 
dividere; 2, — with, (di)mittere ( = get rid 
of), algd re carere ( = be without), dispensa- 
tion, U. venia ( — pardon). 

disperse, I. v.tr. dis(j)icere, dissipare, dis- 
pergere, (dis)pellcre, fugare ( - put to flight). 
II. v.intr. se dispergere, dispergi, dilabi, discur- 
rere, diffugere, effundi. dispersion, n. dissi- 
patw, Juga. 

dispirit, v.tr. animum akjs affiigere or 
frangire or infringere. 

displace, v.tr. loco suo inovcrc, trans/erre. 

display, I. v.tr. 1, in conspectum dare, 
prae se fern, proponh-e, venditare, ostenderc cc- 
hibcre; 2, = do, aglre, facere; — oneself, (se) 
2»-uestare, se gerlre, or praebire. II. n. ostentatio, 
rendilatio. 

displease, v.tr. alci displicere, algd habere 
offetisionls; be displeased with, alci irasci. 
displeasure, n. offensio, ira, iiulignatio; 
without — , aequo animo. 

_ dispose, v.tr. 1, = settle, statuere, constitu- 
cre; 2, — of, vendere, see Sell: finire, see Finish; 
(dija re uti, see Employ ; alqm interficere, see Kill' 
disposal, n. institutio, ordinatio, arbitrium 
potestas; to be at the — of anyone, penes alqm 
or ex alcjs arbilrio esse. disposed, adj 
erga alqm animatus, ad algd indinatus ail 
win alqd propensus, ad alqd proclivis (usu. in bad 
sense), disposition, n. 1, sec Disposal ; 2. 
— character, indoles, ingenium, mores, -urn; 3 
= frame of mind, voluntas, animi inclinatio, pro'- 
chvitas. r 

, dispossess, v.ti: de possession dimovere el 
Uc(j)icere, possessione depellerc, deturbare. 

disproportion, n. inaequalitas, dissimili- 
tudu. disproportionate, adj. inaequalis, 
nun aeqituhs, juslo or soldo major, impar. Adv 
dissimtlitcr, justo or solito majus. 

disprove, v.tr. refdlere, redargues, dis- 
proof, ii. responsio ( = reply), re/utatio. 

dispute, I. v.tr. 1, verbis contendere, con- 
certare, disputare, disuptare ; — about, alqd in 
conlroversiam rocare or adducere; 2. = quarrel 
cum alqn rixari. U. „. 1, disputatio, conten- 
tio, controvcrsia, concertatio, disceptatio : 2 
T\za. r ' "' 



disqualify, v.tr, 1, legal U : = make an 



exception of, excipere; 2, = hinder, alipn im, 
pedxre or prohibere nc or qnominus, alci nbesse. 

disquiet, n. iughics, -etU, f., animi molus, 
-its, (animi) perlurlnitio. disquieted, adj. 
Ulqitietus, auxins, sol(l)icitns. 

disquisition, n.',a« tatio, oratio( = speech), 
scriptum ( = a writing). 

disregard, I. n. 1, = luglect, neglcgentui ; 
2, = disrespect, contemptio; t<> hold in — , male 
ik alqo opinari. II. v.tr. parvi, minimi facere. 
disregardful, adj. alcjs rei negkgens, im- 
manor. 

disrespect, n. contemptio, despicientia ; 
comb, contemptio et despicienlia ; sec Disregard. 
disrespectful, adj. arrogans, insolens. 

dissatisfy, v.tr. aki displicere. dissatis- 
fied, adj. tristis, or by alqd aegre fare, dis- 
satisfaction, I), moleslia, taedium, iiulignatio, 
ira. 

dissect, v.tr. (dis)secare. dissection, n. 

anaiomia or aiuitomice (late). 

dissemble, v.tr. (disjslviulare. dissem- 
bler, n. rei simulator ac dissimulator. 

disseminate, v.tr. spargcre. dispergere, 
jaccrc, differre, sercre. dissemination, n. 
use verb or rumor (e.g. the — of a report was 
great, rumor percrebuii). 

dissension, n. discordia ; see Discord. 

dissent, I. v.intr. ab alqo dissenlire. II, 
n. dissensio. dissentient, or dissenter, 

qui ab alqo dissentit. 

disservice, n. detrimentum, injuria. 

dissever, v.tr. sejungcre, secernere, segregare. 

dissimilar, adj. dissimilis, diversus, diversi 
generis. dissimilitude, n. dissimilitudu. 
dissimulation, n. dissimulatio ; see Dis- 
semble. 

dissipate, v.tr. dissipare; see Disperse. 
dissipatod, adj. effusus, pravus, dissolutus, 
luxuriosus, ad luxurium effusus, libidinosus. 
dissipation, n. luxuria, licentia, pravilas. 

dissolve, v.tr. 1, = melt, liquefaccrc, liquari, 
(dis)solvcre, (re)so!vere, diluere ; 2, = break up, 
(dis)solvere, di(s)junglrc. dissolute, see Dis- 
sipated, dissolution, 1, liquefactio ; 2, dis- 
solutio, dissipatio. dissoluteness, n. mores 
dissoluti, pravi, etc. 

dissonant, adj. absdnus. dissonance, n. 

vox absonu. 

dissuade, v.tr. dissuadere alqd or de alqd 
re, dehortari alqm ab alqd re, deterrere alqm ab 
alqd re, or with ne, quin, quominus. dissua- 
sion, n. dissuasio. 

dissyllable, n. dtsyllabus. 

distaff, n. colus, f. 

distance, I. n. 1, of space, sputium, dis- 
tant ia, intervallum, longinguitas ; at a long — ; 
longo spatio or intervallo interjecto ; 2, of time, 
spatium, intervallum ; 3, fig. of manner, superbia 
( = pride). II. v.tr. alqm superare ; see Sur- 
pass, distant, adj. 1, remotus, longinguus ; 
to be — , distare, abesse ab ; to bo far — , distare 
longo intervallo or p road disjunction esse ab ; lie 
is far — , lange abest ; 2, praetcritus; 3, = 
proud, superbus. Adv. proad, superbe. 

distaste, n. animus alienus, stomacniu; 
taedium. distasteful, adj. molestus, injucuii- 
dus, ingratus. Adv. molesle, injucunde, ingrate. 

distemper, n. see Disease. 

distend, v.tr. refercire (— stuff full), dis- 
tention, n. distentio, or by verb (e.g. stomachus 
refertus). 

di3t.il, t, y.tr, ^ _ make by distillation, 



dis 



GTS 



doe 



(de)coquere; 2, = pour out by drops, stillarc. 
II. v.intr. stillare. distillation, u. by verb. 
distiller, n. qui alqd (de)coquit. 

distinct, adj. 1, = separate, distinctvs, 
separatus, di(s)junctiia ; 2, = clear, distinetns, 
tlkriis, perspicuus. Adv. sevaratim, distincte', 
dare, perspicue. distinction, n. 1, = act 
uf distinguishing, distinclio; to draw a — 
between two tilings, aliud — aliltd esse telle; 
sec Difference ; 2, = rank, etc., honor, dignitas; 
man of — , vir illnstris or darns; a mark of — , 
insignc. distinctive, adj. proprius. Adv. 
proprie. distinctiveness, n. perspicuilas. 
distinguish, v.tr. 1, sen Discern ; — between, 
(inter) alqas res dijudicarc ; 2, = honour, alqm 
{alqd re) ornare ; — oneself, gloriam adipisci. 
distinguished, adj. insignis, clams, nobilis, 
eximius ; a — man, vir omnibus rebus urnatus or 
praecellcns. 

distort, v.tr. 1, detorquere, distorquere (e.g. 
oeulos) ; 2, in pejus detorquere, vertere. 

distract, v.tr. 1, = turn the attention, 
alqm (in plura sludia, etc.) distraliere, distinere; 
2, in a bad sense, alqm (con)lurbaix, perturbure. 
distracted, adj. (cun)iurbatus, perlvrbatus, 
luente UubaUi. Adv. raptim jitque turbate, 
or by adj. aniens, distraction, n. 1, = 
interruption, impedimentum ; 2, ~ want of 
attention, animi coniurbatio, incuria (= care- 
lessness), neglegentia. 

distrain, v.tr. in possessionem, rerum 
debiloris mild (Jet), bona alcjs reman distra- 
liere (Jet.), bona vendlre. distraint, u. 
lonorum venditio (Jet.). 

distress, I. v.tr. angire. vexare, vrere, (dis)- 
cruciare. II. I). 1, anxietas, timor, nimia 
curu ; 2, = poverty, res angustae, angvs- 
tine; 3, = danger, periculnm; to be in — , 
labor are, in periexdo versari; 4, = Distraint. 
distressed, adj. a n.rius,sol(l)icil us, ' — in mind, 
anxius tinimo ; — circumstances, res afflictae or 
angustae. distressing, adj. gravis, acer'ous. 
Adv. graviler, acerbc. 

distribute, v.tr. distributers, meiiri, partiri, 
'dispertire, dividere, (e)largiri, dispendere ( = placo 
liere and there), assignare, dej-cribcrc. distri- 
bution, n. portitio, distributio, assignalio (of 
land), descriplio, largitio. 

district, n. ager, regio, terra. 

distrust, n. di[lidentia (— in, alcjs rei), 
parva fides, svspleio. distrustful, adj. sits- 
piciosus, diffidens, dijfisus. Adv. diffidenter, 
euspiciose. 

disturb, v.tr. {con)turbdre, perturbare. dis- 
turbance, n. turbatio, tnmullus, -iis, mollis, 
•f(.«. disturber, n. turbator. 

disunion, n. dissenslo, disciditm, discordia; 
— in the State, ciriles dissensiones ; to excite — , 
commorcre. disunite, v.tr. sejungcre, secernire, 
disju ngSre, dissociate. 

■ disuse, v.tr. dedodre ahpn alqd ; — yourself 
to, dediseerc alqd, consucludinem rei minuere. 

ditch, n. fossa, incite, ditcher, n. fossor. 

dithyrambic, adj. dithyrctmbicus. 

ditty, n. carmen, cantus, -fis. 

diurnal, adj. cot(t)idianus (quot.), diumus. 

dive, v.intr. 1, urinari, se (dc)mcrgh-c, die)- 
niergi, submergi ; — under, alqd re or in ub ; 
in alqd re ox sub alqd; 2, — into, = examine, 
alqd explorare, invest igarc, cognoscijrc ; =rea(l in 
parts, librum strictim attingere. diver, n. 
lirinator. 

diverge, v.intr. 1, ltt, discedh-c, digredi;ol 
toads, in diversas partes ferre; 2, lig- ab alqp 



discreparc, dissentire ; see Differ, diver- 
gence, n. 1, declinatio; 2, dissensio. 

diverse, adj. diversus, dispar, impar, dis- 
similis. Adv. diverse, dissimilUer. diversion, 
l). 1, dcrivatio ; 2, avocatio ; 3, deledatio, 
oblectatio, voluptas, oblectamentum. diversify, 
v.tr. variare, distingiiere. diversity, Ii. diver- 
silas, discrepantia, dissensio. divert, v.tr. 1, 
a river, avertere, derivure; 2, = lead aside, avo- 
care, sevocare, distinere, diducire, flectere ; 3, = 
to amuse, deledare, oblectarc. divei'tmg. adj. 
jucundus, jocosus. 

divest, v.tr. uUpn eiuere, ulqm alqd, re midair, 
detegcre. 

divide, I. v.tr. dividere, partiri, dispertire, 
disjiertiri, distributee, describere. II. v.intr. 1. 
dividi, disccdere; 2, of opinion, in contrarias 
sententius distrahi; 3, = vote, in sententiam, 
alcjs (jiedibus) ire, in sententiam alcjs disccdere. 
dividend, n. = interest, iisum, foenus, -oris, n. 
division, n. 1, partttio, divisio; 2, = a large 
part of an army, legio ; 3, = a part, jxtrs, jxirtio. 
divisible, adj. quod dividi potest. 

divine, I. adj. 1, dicinvs, caelestis; by — 
inspiration, divinitus ; to honour as — , alqm 
divino lionore eolere, alci divinus honores hab- 
ere; 2, tig. praestans, cximius, pv.lclierriw.vs. 
Adv. divine, divinitus, eximie, pvlcherrime. 
II. n. sacerdos, * clericus. III. v.tr. 1, lit. 
diviuare, pracsagire, praedicerc, vaticinari, 
(hjariolari; 2, tig. praecipere, praesentire, con- 
jeeturd conscqui, conjecture. divination, 
n. 1, divinatio, raticinatio, auguratio (= — 
by birds); the substance or result of — , vati- 
cinium, acactdum ; to (ell by — , divinare ( = to 
di\ine), vaticinari ( — to prophesy), (h)ariolari 
( = to tell fortunes), j'ulura divinare; 2, = 
conjecture, eoiijectara. diviner, n. vaticinator, 
vales, (h)ariolns. divinity, n. divinitus, na- 
Vara divina, visdivina. 

divorce, I. n. divortium, discidium (= separ- 
ation), diffarreatio ( — eating apart, opp. «m- 
farreatio), repudium ( = putting away). II. 
v.tr. as the act of the man, divortium facers cum 
vxore, repudium remitters vxori, ivxorem repu- 
diure ; Clares vxori adimerc; the woman was 
saiil divortium facere cum maritn, repudiare 
virum, disccdere a vim. 

divulge, v.tr. (di)vvlgare, in medium pro- 
ferre, deelarare, aperire. 

dizzy, adj. vertiginosvs ; a — height, immensa 
altitudo. dizziness, n. vertigo. 

do, v.tr. facere (I fall at thy feet and beg, which 
I cannot — without the greatest pain, supplex te 
rugn, quod sine snmmo dolore facere von possum), 
agere, genre, admin i strare ; to — too much, 
modioli execdere in re; I — not know what I shall 
— , quid again, or faciam nescio ; what have you 
to — here? quid tibi hie negotii est < to he done 
for, dc re actum esse ; to — again, reficfre, redin- 
Wgrarc, repetcre, iterare ; — away with, see 
Abolish, Kill, doer, n. audor. 

docile, adj. docilis. Adv. dociliter. do- 
cility, n. docilitas. 

dock, I. n. navale, or navalki, -ium. II. 
v.tr. = out short, praccidirc. 

doctor, I. n. medicus. II. v.tr. alci mederi, 
alqm curare. 

doctrine, n. = instruction, dodrina, insti- 
tute, praeceplum. doctrinal, adj. quod ad 
doctrinam pertinet, 

document, n. lit(t)erae, tabulae. 

dodge, I. v.tr. alqm hue iliuc trahere, cir* 
atmvenire, illudere. II. n. = trick, dolus, 

doe, n, daimfemiWi 



dof 



670 



dra 



doff, v.tr. (.mere. 

dog, I. n. cams; a young — , cattdus; of a 
— , cuninus; to go to the. — s, pessum ire, cor- 
rumpi ; ro to the — s ! ud malum crucem. II. 
v.tr. iadagarc, investigure. dogged, adj. 1, 
(= sullen), morosus, aetrlus ; 2, (= determined), 
eoiuhms, perseverans. Adv. morose, accrbe, con- 
stanter, perseveranter. doggedness, n. morot- 
itus ; perseveraiitia. 

doggerel, n. versus inculti. 

dogma, n. dogma, placitum, scitum, praceep- 
tv.m, institutum, sententia, judicium; it is a — 
nf the Stoica that all sins are alike, placet istoicis 
omnia peccata esse paria, dogmatical, adj. 
1, theol. t.t. * dogmattms ; 2, = assertive, (con)- 
/ideas. Adv. * dogmatics, (coiiyidcutef. 

doings, n. see Action. 

dole, I. n. slips, see Alms. II. v.tr. dentc- 
tiri, dividere, distribute, doleful, adj. tristis, 
maestus. Adv. maesle. dolefulness, n. trie- 
titiv, maeror. 

doll, n: pupa (Pers.). 

dollar, n. * thalerus. 

dolphin, u. delphinus. 

dolt, n. stipes, -Uis, ui., caudcx (codex), 
homo rustiats, hero, doltish, adj. rusticus, 
stultus; — conduct, rusticitas. Adv. rustics, 
sttrftc. 

domain, n. ugtr publicus, possessio. 

dome, n. tholus ( = cupola). 

domestic, I. adj. 1, domestical, familiar is, 
privates: 2, opp. to foreign, intcstinus, domesti- 
cus. II. n. senna, minister, serva, ministra. 
domesticate, v.tr. see Tame. 

dominion, n. 1, potcstus ( = civil authority), 
jus, juris, li. ( = legal authority), imperilling = 
supreme power), dicio, principatus, -us, regnum, 
doiui natio, dominutus, -us ( = lordship), ty- 
raiinis, -idis, f. (ruparciy, = usurped dominion 
in a free state); 2.— realm, regnum. do- 
minate, v.tr. dominari ; — over, in alqos. 
dominant, adj. summits, maximus, prae- 
cipuus( = ehief). domination, n. dominatio ; 
see Dominion, domineering, adj. imperio- 
sns, saperbus. domineer, v.intr. ex arbitrio 
imperare. 
i donation, n. donum; see Gikt. 

doom, I. n. 1, = fate, fatum, sors; 2, — 
judgment, judicis sententia, judicium. II. v.tr. 
damnare ; see Condemn, Destine, dooms- 
day, n. extremum judicium. 

dcor, n. ostium, janua, fores, -um, f., vulvae 
(=z folding-doors), limen (= threshold) ; to bolt 
the — , ostio pcssulum obdere; to open a — to 
wickedness, patefaccre aid j'enestram ad nequi- 
tiam. doorpost, n. x>ostis, in. doorkeeper, 
u. janitor, junitrix, f. 

dormant, adj. mortuus ; to he —,jac3re. 

dormitory, n. cubiculum. 

dormouse, n. glis, gliris, m. 

dose, I. n. potio; to take a—, medicamentum 
sumere or accipere, II. v.tr. alci medicamentum 
dare. 

dot, I. n. jjundum. II. v.tr. pungere. 

dote, v.intr. dclirare ; — on, perdite amare- 
dotage, n. senectus, -iitis, f. dotard, u. 
senex, fixing sense by context (e.g. stultus). 

double, I. adj. 1, duplex (= twofold), du- 
plies (in gen.), geminus, geminatus ( = twins, 
double in nature), bipartitus ( = having two 
parts), anceps ( z= two-headed, doubtful); 2, 
see 'J'ueacuerols. II. v.tr. 1, duplicate; 2, 
= sail round; atyd flectire, circumvehi ; 3,= 



turn, se fledere. Adv. bis, duplieUer, pet* 
fide, perfidiosc. double-dyed, adj. 1, lit. bit 
tinetus ; 2, tig. use superl. (e.g a — villain, 
homo sccleratissimus). double faced, adj. 
see Deceitful, double mind, n. umbigituM 
ingeuium. doublesense,n.am'u<7!u<(W/ of — , 
anceps, ambiguus, dltbius. double tongUcd, 
adj. bitinguis (lit. and lig.). doublet, h. 
tunica. 

do\\bt,l.n. dubiUitio(quin,ne, num,quidnam), 
scrupulous, dijlicultas, dubium, (usu. aftera prep., 
e.g. in dubium vocare) ; without — ,sine dubio, 
hand dubie, certe, non, dubito quia (with subj.) ; 
to be in — , dubium esse, dubitare. II. v.intr. 
dubitarc, dubium esse, in dubio esse (to be doubt- 
ful), aiiimo or aniiiti pendere; I — whether, 
dubito niim ; I — not that, noil dubito quin. 
doubtful, adj. 1, = doubting, dubius, in- 
certus ; 2, — open to doubt, anceps, ambiguus, 
dubius, inccrtus. Adv. dubie, dubitanter, am- 
bigue. doubtless, adj. sine dubio. 

dough, n. farina. 

doughty, adj. fortis. 

dove, n. columba, f. columbus, in. palumbes, 
-is, in. and f. dove-cot, n. columbarium, 
turris. dovetail, I. n. sccuricula, subscus, 
-udis, f. II. v.tr. securiculd compingere. 

dower, n. dos, dolis, f. dower less, adj. 
indotutus. 

down, I. prep, tfe, with abl. ; — the stream, 
seeundo flumine. II. n. = grassy hill, campus 
paul'iyi cditus. downcast, adj. tristis, maes- 
tus. downfall, n. (oc)eusus, -us, inleritus, 
-its, e.iitium, ruina. downpour, n. iiaber, 
-bris, in. downright, I. adj. 1, = altogether, 
totus, or summus (e.g. lie is a — cheat, tot us e 
fraude faetus est ; it is — folly, summae stul- 
titiae est); 2, = straightforward, simplex. II, 
adv. plane, prorsus, omnino, simpliciter. down- 
wards, adv. desuper ( = from above), dear- 
sum; in compounds by de : to go — , deseenderc ; 
to bring — , deferre, deduccre. 

down, n. — plumage, plumae ; on a plant, 
the chin, etc., lanugo, downy, adj. plumeus, 
plumosus. 

doze, v.intr. semisommtm esse ; dozing, semi, 
somuus. 

dozen, daodecim. 

drab, adj. ravus; see Brown. 

drag, I. v.tr. traherc, ducire, vehere ; — out, 
educere; see Draw and Protract. II, n. 
svffiamen. 

dragon, n. draco, serpens ; unguis (the 
constellation). 

dragoon, I. n. eques, -itis, m. IT. v.tr. 
dominuri. 

drain, I. n. fossa, incite, cloaca, colliciac(ail- 
liquiae, in fields, on roofs, etc.). II. v.tr. 
siccare. 

drake, n. unas mas; see Duck. 

dram, n. 1, = a weight, drachma; 2, = — 
of liquor, Itaustus, -its. 

drama, n. fabula, drama, -alls, n. (late). 
dramatic, adj. scaenicus ; tho — art, an 
ecaenka. dramatize, v.tr. ad scaenam com- 
ponire (Quint.). 

draper, n. qui jxinnos vendit. drapery, 
n. 1 (as a business), pannorum mercutura ; 
2 (as hangings), tupcte ; 3, — clothes, restitus, 
■iis. 

draught, n. 1, = a drink, haustus, -us; 2, 
of air, spiritus, -us. 

draw, I. v.tr. traherc; — a sword, gludium 
e vagina educere (opp. in vuginam mondcre), 



dra 



630 



dry 



glad turn strin-gere ; with swonl — n, gladio 
stricto; — a carriage, cumun vehcre, duccre ; 
— out, ft)S altjo loco educire, ab or cr atqo loco 
ducire (persona, troops) ; — water, ex puteo 
aquam trahere ; — wine, etc., ex dolio promcre, 
defundcre; — a line, duccre lineam ; = to por- 
tray, delineare, designnre, descriMre (always 
with an object, e.g. delineare imagines), (de)pin- 
girt; = to excite, mo cere (e.g. risum, laughter, 
etc.); — a conclusion, alqd concludcre; — a 
bill, syngrapham conscribere ; — a lot, sortein 
ducire ; * — curtains, relis alqd obtendere ; — 
asiile, alqm scvocare ; — down, 1, deductre, eli- 
c"re ; 2, = Incur ; — on, = entice, pelliccre ; — 
over, in sentcntiam perduccre ; — tight, a(d)strin- 
girts; — up, scribere. II. v.intr. — on or near, 
accedere = Approach ; — back, recede™, se 
recipcre. draw -bridge, n. use pons, m. draw- 
er, n. 1 (of water), aquarius ; 2, — chest of 
drawers, armarium ; 3, = sketcher. pictor. 
drawing, n. pictura, imago, drawing- 
room, n. atrium. 
drawl, v.intr. in dicendo lentum esse. 

dray, n. carrut, -iis, carrum, vehiculum, 
plaustrum. 

dread, n. see Fear. 

dream, I. n. somnium, species per somnum 
oblata or in quiete visa, visus, -us, nocturnus ; 
in a — , per somnum; someone appeared to me 
in a — , imago alcjs in somnio mini venit. II. 
v.intr. somniare, dormitare ( = to sleep away 
time); — of, vidire alqd in somnis or per somnum, 
or per quietem. dreamy, adj. somiiKulosus. 

dreary, adj. tristis, miser, miserabilis, luclu- 
osus, maestus. Adv. miserc, miserabiliter, macule. 
dreariness, n. trislitia, maestitia. 

dregs, i). 1, fiux ; 2, fig. the — of the popu- 
lation, faex populi, sordes, -is, et fact iirbis, inflma 
plebs; the — of the state, scntina reipublicac. 

drench, v.tr. 1,= to give to drink, aid 

polum praebire ; 2, = to cover with water, irri- 
gare, madefacere, 

dress, I. n. vestis, vestitus, -fls, culius, -$■$, 
ornatus, -its, comb, vestis atque ornatus; to adopt 
the — of the Romans, Romano habitn uti. II. 
v.tr. 1, vtsHre, veste tegere, veste induire alqm, ves- 
tern induere alci, veste alqm amicire ; 2, = prepare 
food, (com)parare. III. v.intr. vestiri, amiciri 
alqti re. dressed, adj. indutus ; — in black, 
sordidalus ; — white, albatus. dressing- 
gown, n. vestis. dressing-room, u. cubi- 
culum. dressing-table, n. vunsa. 

dresser, n. 1, = table, mensa ; 2, = —of 
wool, lanarius; of plants, etc., cul tor, dress- 
ing, n. med. t.t. /omentum, cataplasma (I'lin.) ; 
(= the whole treatment) a: ratio. 

drift, I. v.intr. (dc)firri, ifluitare. II. n. 

= tendency or aim, consilium, ratio, proposition, 
ad quod spectat mens or animus ; what is the — '! 
quo spectat oratio > what is your — ? quid vis ? 

drill, I. v.tr. 1, = to bore, perforarr, terebrare; 
2, = to exercise, cxercere (e.g. mililes), milites 
nmni disciplind militari crudin: II. n. 1, tere- 
bra ; 2, exercitatio. 

drink, I. n. 1. = a drinking, potio; 2,= a 
draught, potio, potus, -»,■;. II. v.tr. bibert, in- 
tare, ftaiirire (=drink ui>), sorbcre( =suck in); — 
too much, vino se obrvere ; — in, bibere ; — to, alci 
alqd or salvtem propinare. drinker, n. potor, 
yofaror( = habitual — ),combibo, compdtor( = s. cup- 
companion). drinking, n, potio; in the act of 
— , inter bibendum; to be addicted to — , vinoin- 
dulgere, deditum esse. drinking-bout, n. 
comissatio. 

drip, v.intr, stillare, 



drive, I. v.tr. ag&re, pellcre(= —by force); to 
— forward, propellcre (e.g. navem) ; — from, abi- 
gen ab or ex alqa re, exigence) re (e.g. domo, e civi- 
late, hostem e campo), (ex)peltere alqm (th) re (tlomo, 
ex urbe, a pat rid), depellcrealqm re or de re (urbe, 
ex urbe, de provincid), e(fficere alqm (de) re 
(defitndo), exturbarc ex re ; — hither and thither, 
agitare (fluctibus agitari); necessity— a, nccessi- 
fas wrget or cogit alqm ut alqd/aciat ; — too far, 
modum excedere in re. II. v.intr. 1, (in) cxirru 
vehi ; 2, — at, alqd vctcrc ; 3, of the- rain, in 
alqm ferri. III. n. 1, gestatio ; to take a — , 
curru vehi; 2, = the approach to a house, 
aditus, -its. driver, n. = of a carriage, rat- 
darius, auriga; of animals, agitator; a donkey 
— , asinarius. 

drivel, I. v.intr. 1, lit. salivare, salivam 
fitters pati ; 2, fig. ineptire, nvgari. II. n. 1, 
saliva; 2, nugae, ineptiae. 

drizzle, v.intr. leniter plulre; it— s, rorat. 
droll, ndj. lepidus, joeularis, ridiculus. 
Adv. lepide, ridicule. drollery, 11. lepor 
(/e;x)s), Indus, jocus, nugae, tricac, ineptiae. 
dromedary, n. (camelus) dramas, -Mis, in. 
drone, n. fucun. droning, n. bombus. 
droop, I. v.tr. demiltere, + incliuarc. II. 
v.intr. 1, lit. demitti ; 2, = fade, languere, Ian- 
guesccre, jlaccescere ; 3, = fail, animo concidire, 
affligi. ■ 

drop, I. n. gutta, stilla; not a — , lie mini- 
mum quidem. II. v.intr. 1, lippire (= — 
from the eyes), (dc)stillare de re ; — with, stillare 
re (o.g. sanguine), madefactum esse re. ; 2, see 
Fall. III. v.tr. 1, = let fall, alqd de(j)iclre, 
(mauu) emittere, demittcre ; 2, = cease, alqd 
omittcre, dimittcre. 

dropsy, n. aqua intercus, -Tttis, hydrops. 
dropsical, adj. hydropicm. 

dross, n. 1, = slag, scoria ; 2, = rust, ro- 
bigo, aerugo ( = — of copper), fcrrugo ( — — of 
iron); 3, flg./aex, sentina. 

drought, n. caelum siccum,siccitas,siccitates, 
-um. 

drove, n. grex, omenta, -orum. drover, 
n. 2 l ecuarius, armentarius, bubulcus. 

drown, v.tr. 1, (de)mergere in aquam, sum. 
merghe (esp. in pass. part, summcrsus), aqud 
suffocare; tig. se in alqd ingurgitate; 2,— over- 
spread, inundare ; 3, fig. by special verbs (e.g. 
— the memory of, oblivisci = forget). 

drowsy, adj. dormitans, soynni plenus, som- 
no gravis, oscituns (= yawning). Adv., by adj. 
<1r6wsiness, u. somno affectum esse 

drudge, I. U. serws, rerun, in. and f. II. 
v.intr. servire. drudgery, d. officinm servile. 
drug, I. n. medicamentudi ; poisonous — , 
venenum. II. v.tr. 1, = administer drugs, alci 
medicamentvM pracbere, dare ; 2, put a — 
into, meiiicamentum alci rei addrre, (cum) alqd 
re miscire. druggist, n. uiedicamentarius 
(riin.). 

drum, n. tympanum ; to beat the — , tym. 
pauum. pulsate. 

drunk, adj. ebrius, bene potus, temulentus, 
vino gravis, crapttlae plenus. drunkenness, 
n. cbriositas, vinolentia, ebrietas. drunkard, 
n. ehriosus, vinolentus. 

dry, I. adj. 1, siccus, aridus ( = withered), 
sitiens (= thirsty), t siticnlosus,(ex)siccatus, torri- 
dus; 2, tig. exilis, ftighlus, jejunus, aridus. 
Adv. sicce, jejune, exiliter. fngide. II. v.tr. 
(ex)siccare, are/actrc, torrefacire ; — tears, tibster. 
gcre lacrimas. III. v.intr. siccari, siccescere 
(ex)arescere. dryness, n. 1, siccitas, ariditasi 
3, jejnnitas, exilitae. dry-nurse, n asso,. 



\ 



dua 



68). 



ear 



dual, adj. gram. t.t. dvaLia numtrvs. 

dubious, see Doubtful. 

duck, I. n. anas, -atis, f. ; as term of 
endearment, deliciae, corculum ; to play — sand 
drakes with, alqd j>essum dare. II. v.tr. 1, 
under water, alqd (sub)mergere, demergers- in 
aquam ; 2, the head, caput demittere. III. 
v.intr. 1, se (sub)merglre, (sub)meryi; 2, caput 
demittere. ducking, n. to get a — , madidum 
esse, madefieri. 

ductile, adj. 1, ductilis (Plin.), fiexibilis; 2, 
tig. obsequen-s, facilis. ductility, n. 1, by adj.; 
2, hab'.litas, faoilitas. 

dudgeon, n. ira; in — , iratus. 

due, I. adj. 1, =o\ved, debitus; to be — , 
deberi; to pay money before it is — , pecuniam 
repraesentare ; 2, = fit, ad alqm idoneus, con- 
aniens, alqo dignus, aid debitus. II. n. 1, de- 
bit urn ; 2, = tax, vectigal ; harbour — , portoriuvi. 

duel, n. certamen. 

duet, n. versus altn 

duke, n. * dux. 

dulcimer, n. sambuca. 

dull, I. v.tr. 1, = blunt, hebelare ; obscur- 
are (anything bright) ; 2, = astound, (ob)stupe- 
facire, obtundcre. II. adj. 1, lit. hebes ; 2, Ilg. 
obtv.sus, (ob)$tupifactus, lubes ; 3, = sluggish, 
stupid, tardus, iners, frigidus ; 4, = uninter- 
esting, aridits, jc.junus. Adv. tarde, fiigide; 
jejune, aride. dulness, n. 1, = — of mind, 
ootusior animi acies or vigor, mens tarda, imbe- 
cillitas ingenii, ingenium licbes, ingenii tarditas, 
stupor; 2, = sluggishness, inertia, segnitia ; 3, 
of colour ; see Paleness. 

dumb, adj. mutus, elinguis (lit and fig.); to 
liecome — , obmutescere (lit. and fig.) ; to be — , 
i.e. silent, taclre. dumbfounder, v.tr. oli- 
ttupefacere. dumbness, n. use adj. or verb 
(e.g. — seizes me, obmutesco). 

dun, I. adj. fuscus, subfusc-us. II. v.tr. alqm 
alqd flagitare, alqd ab_ alqo exposdre. III. n. 
/(agitator. 

dunce, n. stijws, -Itis, m., truncus. 

dung, n. stercus, -oris, n.,fimiis. dunghill, 
n. sterquilinium, jlmetum (Plin.). 

dung. . ., n. career, -eris, m. 

dupe, I. n. homo credulus, fatuus, ludibrium. 
II. v.tr. alqm ludibrio habere; see Deceive. 

duplicate, n. alqd eodem exemplo. 

duplicity, n. ambiguitas, /raits; see Deceit. 

durable, adj. 1, flrmus, solidiis, duraturus, 
stabilis ; 2, of time, diuturnus, longinquus, 
perpetuus. Adv. Jirme, solide, stabiliter, per- 
petuo. durability, n. 1, firmitas, stabilitas, 
perennilas ; 2, diuturnitas, longiin{uitus, perpe- 
tuitas. duration, n. tempo r is spatium ; long — , 
diuturnitas ; short — ,brevitas. during, prep. 
per with accus. = throughout, in with aid. = 
time within which, inter with accus. (e.g. 
infer cenam = — dinner, or inter cenandum), 
abl. abs. (e.g. — the reign of Augustus, Augusta 
imperatore), dum with pies, indie, cum with 
indie, in primary, subj. in secondary tenses. 

dusk, n. erepusculum ; at — , prima vespere, 
jam obscurd luce ; it grows — , advesperascit. 
dusky, adj. fuscus ; see Dark. 

dust, I. n. pulvis, -cris, m. ; to raise the — , 
pulverem movers or excitare ; to lay the — , p. 
sedare ; to throw — in the eyes, verba alci dare. 
II. v.tr. alqd abstergere, detergere. duster, 
n. penicilium (or -us). dustman, n. qui 
purgamenta tollit. dusty, adj. puhendentus, 
pulveris plenus. 

duty, n. 1, officium, debitum, pietas, religio, 
9.9. * 



munus, -eris, n., partes, -iHmj it is the — of, 

est alcjs ; it is my — , mevm est; a sense of — , 
pietas erga alqm or alqd, religio ; 2, = tax, 
vectigal. dutiful, duteous, adj. pins erga 
alqm, alci obocdiens, dicto avdiens. Adv. pie, 
oboedienter. dutifulness, n. pietas erga alqm, 
oboeilientia. 

dwarf, n. nanus (J uv.), pumilio. dwarfish, 
adj. pusillus. 

dwell, v.intr. 1, habitare in loco, (in)oolere 
locum, domiailium habere in loco ; 2, iig. — Upon, 
alqd longius prosequi, dwelling, n. domici- 
Hum, sides, -is, f., Itabitatio, aedes, -is, f. 

dwindle, v.intr. (con)tabe»oere, (de)minui, 
extenuari, t rarescere. 

dye, I. v.tr. alqd re tingere ; alqd re inflcere, 
imbuere, colorare, induccre colorem alci rex; 

— with blood, cruentare, sariguine inficere; 

— oneself with something, se inficere alqd re 
(e.g. with woad, vitro). II. n. color or verb; 
the blossom of the pomegranate is a — , flos 
Punici mail tingendis vestibus idoneus. dyer, 
n. injector. 

dynasty, n. domus regnatrix, imperium, 
regnum. 

dyspepsia, n. cruditas. dyspeptic, adj. 
crudus. 



E. 

each, I. adj. singuli, omnis, quisque only 
after its noun, uterque (of two) ; on — side, 
utrimque; — other, alii alios, or inter se. II. 
pron. quisque after noun, unusquisque, Uterque 
(of two), by distributive adjs. (e.g. unicuique 
bina jugera, = two acres each) ; see Every. 

eager, adj. 1, for anything, alcjs rei cupidus, 
avidus, studiosus ; 2, = keen, acer, ardens, fer- 
vidus. Adv. cupide, avide, studiosc., ucriter, fer- 
vide, eagerness, n. 1, cupiditas, cupido, 
ainditas, stadium, appetentia ; 2, ardor, impetus, 
■us, fervor, concitatio, aestus, -us. 

eagle, n. aquila; — eyed, cut oculus acer. 

ear, n. 1, part of the body, auris ; attentive 
— 8, aui-es applicatae ; to box a person's — s, cola- 
phum (with the tist), alapam (with the palin) 
alci ducere or impingere; to pull the — s, aures 
vellere ; to be over head and — s in debt, aere 
alieno demersum esse; 2, of corn, spica, arista. 
earring, n. aurium insigne, inaures, -ium, f. 

earl, n. * comes. 

early, I. adj. 1, wituruuis(=ln the morning), 
maturus ; 2, of plants, etc., too — , immaturus, 
j praecox, praematurus ; from — youth, (jam inde) 
a puero, ab initio aetatis. II, Adv. mane, 
primd luce, sub lucem, mature. 

earn, v.tr. 1, merere and meriri ; — much 
money, grandem pecuniam quacrirc ; — by 
labour, manu; — your subsistence, alqd re pe- 
cuniam sibi facire or colligere, quacstum facet e; 
2, Ilg. (pro)merere, (pro)meiiri. earnings, n. 
quaestus, -iis, lucrum ( = gain); to iimke — by 
bad means, turpi quaestu victvm parare or 
qitaercre. 

earnest, adj. gravis, smw (usu. of things); 
to take in — , rem in scrium vertere. Adv. serio, 
ex animo, graviter. earnestness, n. 1, = zeal, 
stadium, contentio, diligentia; 2, = seriousness, 
gravitas, scveritas, diligentia. 

earth, I. n. 1, =soil, terra, solum ; 2, = the 
globe, terra, orbis terrarum, tellus, -urt's, f. 
(mostly poet.). II. v.tr. = — up, terram aggc- 
rare. earth-born, adj. t terrigena, terrae 



eas 



682 



egr 



filius. earthen, adj. terrenns. earthen- 
ware, l). jlctilia, -ium. earthly, adj. terres- 
tris; — life, haec vita; — goods res external'.; 
— happiness, volnptas (humana); — minded, 
a relms tlivinis alienus. earthquake, n. 
terrae motus, -lis. earthwork, n. agger, 
■eris, m. earth-worm, n. vermis, m. 

ease, I. n. 1, tranquil! itas, qriies, -His, (..otium 
( := lei sure), vita ctioea, pax; to be at — ,quiescere ; 
to tnke your — , requiesccre, quieti se dare ; at — , 
tranqulUo ammo ; 2, = readiness, facilitas. II. 
v.tr. exonerare, loxare, (al)lerare, sublevare, ex- 
pedire. easiness, n. facilitas, esp. of temper, 
for which also indulgentia ; — of belief, ere- 
dulitas. easy, adj. 1, ad alqd faciendum or 
factu, facilis, nullius negotii, expedites; 2, 
= affluent, dives ; — circumstances, res se- 
cundae; 3, = tranquil, tranouillus, quietus, 
placidus; 4, of temper, facilis, indulgens; 5, of 
manners, simplex, comis. Adv. in gen. facile, 
nullo negotio; = tranquilly, Iranquille, quiete, 
placide ; of temper, facile, indulgenter; of man- 
ners, simpliciter, comiter. 

east, li. oriens, renio orientis (as a district of 
the heavens), orientis snlis partes, -rum (= the 
East), eastward, eastern, easterly, adj. 
ad orientem rergens, in orientem speclans ; (as 
adverbs) ad orientem versus, ad or in orientem, 
ad regionem orientis; — nations, Asiatici; — 
land, orientis terrae, or regiones. 

eat, I. v.tr. = to take food, edere, mandu- 
aire ( = to chew), comedere ( = to eat up), 
resci alqd re ( = to eat np as nutriment), 
vorare ( = to swallow, particularly to swallow 
□nmasticated), gustare (= to taste); to — 
anyone out of house and home, abjm snmp- 
tVms perdere ; to — away, (e)rodere. II. v.intr. 
to — well = taste, jucunde sapere. eatable, 
adj. escukntus. eatables, n. eibrts ( = food), 
cibi ( = meats, that is, several kinds of food), 
esca (= prepared food); victus, -vs (= living, 
victuals), eating-house, n. popina. 

eaves, n. mggnmtia. eaves-dropper, 
n. qui ■ : , ubauscultat. 

ebb, I. n. aestus decessus, -Cis, or receSSUS, -its ; 
at — ,ininuenteaestu ; — and flood, aestusmaritimi 
aceedentes et recedentes. II. v.intr. recedere; 
— and flow, affluire et rcmeare. 

ebony, n. (h)elenus, f. (orebenum). 

ebriety, n. tbrietas, temulentia; see Drunk. 

ebullition, n. 1, lit. use effcrvescire; 2, 
fig. aestus, -us ; — of anger, ira effervescit. 

eccentric, adj. inauditus, inusitatue, 
novus, mirus, insolens. eccentricity, n. 
quod mirum eM, etc. 

ecclesiastical, adj. * ecclcsiasticus. 

echo, I. n. i»i«^o vocis ; to give an — , roci 
respondcre, rocem reddcre, remittcre ; a place 
which — es, locus clamoribus reperevssus. II. 
v.intr. and tr. see "give an echo" above. 

eclat, n. laus, splendor, ostentatio. 

eclipse, I. li. obscuratio, defeclus (solist 
etc.). II. v.tr. 1, obscurare ; to be eclipsed, 
obscurari, dcficlre; 2, fig. alqm superare; see 
Excel. 

eclogue, n. tdoga (late). 

economy, n. 1, = house-management, rei 
farniliaris administrate, diligentia ; political — , 
/ I puhlicae administrate ; 2,= frugality, par- 
simonia ; from — , rei farniliaris tuendae studio. 
economical, adj. attenius ad rem, frwgi, 
diligent, parens. Adv. diligenter, parte. 
economist, n. 1, qui rem mam bene adminis- 
tral ; 2, = political — , qui rei imblicae apes 
investigat. 



ecstasy, n. 1, = elevation and abstraction of 
mind, seccssus, -us, mentis etanimi a corpore, ani- 
mus abstract-as a corpore, wens sevocata a corpore ; 
furor; 2, = groat delight, snmma volnptas. 
ecstatic, adj. mente incited us, fanat kits, fu reus. 
Adv. per furore m. 
eddy, n. vertex, vorago(= whirlpool). 
edge, n. 1, = a sharp line,, acies, labrum 
(of a cup, etc.) ; 2, = margin, margo, m. and f., 
ora, crepido (of quays, etc.) ; 3, = — of a dress, 
\lvnibus, clavus, fimbriae, t instita. 
edible, adj. esculentus. 

edict, n. edictum, decretiim, considtumjussum. 

edify, v.tr. 1, lit. aedificare; 2, fig. docire, 
monere. edifying, adj. ad bonos mores docen- 
dos aptns, idoneus ; see Excellent. 

edit, v.tr. librum edere. editor, n. editor. 
edition, n. editio. 

educate, v.tr. alere (= to support), insti- 
tuere, ervdire, doeere (= teach), eriucare (= bring 
up); to be well educated, bene doctum et ednca- 
tum esse, institutum esse, education, n. cdu- 
catio, disciplina, doctrina, eruditio ; a man of 
good — , homo(e)doctus, eruditus, Itomo bene, doctlts 
et educatus ; without — , (politioris) Immanitatis 
carpers, educator, n. educator (= one who 
brings up), magister, magistra, praeceptor, prae- 
ccptrix. educational, adj. «</ diseiplinam, 
etc., pertinens. 

educe, v.tr. protrahere, productive, edwxre. 

eel, n. anguilla. 

efface, v.tr. dele re, (e)radere. 

effect, I. n. 1, = consequence, effectus, -us, 
eventus, -fis, consecutio; 2, = influence, vis, 
effectus, -its, vis et effectus; to have great — , 
multuni(apud alqm) rale re ; without — ,frustra, 
nequi(cyptam; 3, = purpose, to this — , his verbis, 
hoc consitio; 4, in — , re (verfi), reayse ; 5, 
— s, res, rerum, f., bona, -orum. II. v.tr. 
cjjiccre, facere, conjicere, perficcre. effective, 
effectual, adj. alcjs rei efficiens, valens, 
efficax, or by verb qui, etc., efficit. Adv. efflcien- 
tcr, prospers, efficacy, n. cfjieicntia. 

effeminate, adj. mollis, effeminatus, delica.- 
tus, f semivir, muliebris. Adv. mattiter, effemi- 
nate, muliebriter. effeminacy, n. mollitia, 
mollities, vita deUcata. 

effervesce, v.intr. fervlrc, effervesce re. 

effete, adj. effetus, obsoletus. 

effigy, n. effigies, imago, simulacrum. 

efflux, n. effluvium, profluvium. 

effort, n. opera, labor, studium, contentlo, 
conatus, -us; to make an — , operam dare, 
(e)niti. 

effrontery, n. impudentia, os, oris, n. (1'm- 
pudens). 

effulgence, n. splendor, fulgor. 

egg, n. ovum; a fresh—, ovum recens; to lay 
— s, ova parere, edere, gignire ; yoke of — , vitel- 
lus ; white of — , album or albumen ovi (Cels. & 
Plin.); teach your grandmother to suck — , BUS 
Minervam, ut aiunt (i.e. docet). egg-shell, n. 
ovi putamen (Plin.). 

egoism, n. sui ostentatio, jactatio (= dis- 
play) ; SUi amor (= love of sell), egoist, n. 
qui sibi soli studet. egoistical, adj. use n. 

egregious, adj. maximus, summus, minis, 
singularis. Adv. maxime, summe, mirum in 
modum. 

egress, n. 1, = going out, egressus, -us, 
exitus, -ils; 2, = place through which you go 
out, exitus, egressus, effugium: 3, —-mouth of 
a river, 09, oris, n., ostium. 



eid 



6S3 



emb 



eider-down, n. plumae (anatum) mollissi- 
viae. 

eight, adj. octo ; octoni, -ae, -a (= eight each). 
eighteen, adj. duodeviginti. eighteenth, 
adj. duodecicesimus, octavus decimus. eighty, 
adj. octoginta, octogeni (distrib.). eightieth, 
adj. octogesimus.- ■ ■ 

either, I. pron. altentter (move rarely liter), 
utervis, uterlibet; not—, MiOsr (fem. and neut. 
of all, -TO, -rum). II. conj. either ... or, aut ... 
aut, vel ... vel, sive (seu) ... sive (seu), not either 
... nor, neque {nee) ... neque (nee). 

ejaculate, v.tr. voces interruptas(et incond- 
itas) mittere or cdire. ejaculation, n. voces 
interruptue. 

eject, v.tr. e(f)iccre, emittire, extrudtre. 
ejection, n. expiusio, but more usu. by verb; 
legal t.t. dejeclio. 
eke, v.tr. to — out, alci rci parcire. 
elaborate, I. v.tr. conficire, perficere, as- 
polire. II, adj. elaboratus, expolitus, exquisitus, 
accuratus. Adv. exquisite, accurate, elabora- 
tion, n. use the verb. 
elapse, v.intr. transire, praeterire, peragi. 
elastic, adj. 1, lit. qui (quae, quod) product 
potest ; 2, lig. see Hopeful. 

elated, adj. alqd re elatus; to be — , efferri. 
elation, n. gaudinm ( = joy), arrogawtia, 
superbia ( = pride). 
elbow, n. cubitum. 

elder, I. adj. (natu) major, superior, prior. 
XL n. eccl. t.t. * 'presbyter, elderly, adj. aetate 
provectus. 

elect, I. v.tr. create, capbre, legcre, eligere, 
comb, eligere et create, deligere, cooptare (as a 
colleague), designare, declarare ; — into a 
premature vacancy, sM/fteere. II. adj. rfesu/ua- 
tus, suffectus ( = to an unexpected vacancy). 
election, n. 1, act of choice, electlo, suffra- 
<jia, -oruni ( = the votes) ; 2, a popular — , 
comitia, -arum; to hold an — ,comit La habere ; clay 
of — , dies comitialis ; day of your—, tuacomitia. 
electioneering, adj. candidatorkts. elec- 
tive, adj. suffragiis cxeatus. elector, n. qui 
jus suffragii habet, suffragator ( q? partisan). 

elegant, adj. elegans, venustus, bellus ( = 
graceful), lautus, nilidus, complies, mundus 
( - neat), urbanus ( = rellned). Adv. eleganter, 
i-eiuiste, belle, iiitide, urbane, elegance, n., 
elcgantia, urbanitas, venustas, mundilia. 

elegy, n. elegia, clegi. elegiac, adj. elegi- 
ac us (late). 

element, n. 1, = original material, dementum, 
natura ; the — s, principia rerun e quibus omnia 
constant, primordia remm ; the four— *,quat(t)lior 
clementa, initio rcrum; 2, = a part, membrum ; 
3 = the rudiments of knowledge, elementa,-orv,m, 
rudimenta, -orum; 4, fig. to bo in one's—, alqdre 
famUiariter vti ; to be out of one's — , in alqd re 
peregrinum ac hospitem esse, elementary, 
adj. primus (e.g. — knowledge, prima lit(t\erarum 
studio); — school, schola in qua lit(t)craru)ii 
elementa traduntur. 

elephant, n. elephant us (tie phas). 
elevate, v.tr. 1, = raise, (at)tol!ere, extollere, 
(al)lemre; 2, lig. tollere, evehcre; to be raised, 
efferri. elevated, adj. 1, of places, editus, 
altus, (ex)celsus, praecclsus ; 2, tig. (ex)celsus. 
elevation, n. — a raising, clatio, but usu. by 
verb; fig. elatio, magniludo ; — of character, 
magnanimitas ; = — of the voice, vocis contcntio ; 
= a rising ground, locus editus or superior. 

eleven, adj. undecim; — each, uiuUni; — 
times, uiukcie(n)s. eleventh, ad;, undecimus. 



elf, n. see Fair v. 

elicit, v.tr. elicere, eblandiri (by coaxing), 
extorqucre (by force), evocare (to call or bring 
forth) ; to — tears, lacrimus movere alci. 

eligible, adj. opportunus, idoneus ad alqd, 
digitus alqd re, or qui with subj. Adv. owor- 
tune, bene, eligibility, n. opportunitas (e.g. 
loci); =± — to office, digrius'qui eligatur. 
elixir, n. * elixir(ium). ' 
elk, n. alces, -is, f. 

ell, n. uVna( = a cloth measure), cubitum. 
elm,'ulmus, f. ; of an — , idmcus. 
elocution, n. (e)locutio ( = selection of 
words), pronuntiatio ( — delivery) ; as an art, 
elocutoria, elocutrix (Quint.). 
elongate, v.tr. see Lengthen. 
elope, v.intr. cum alqo or alqd (pro)fugcre, 
ejjugere. elopement, n. fuga. 

eloquence, n. facirftas or via or copia dU 
cendi, facundia, eloqucnlia. eloquent, adj. 
facundus, eloquens, copiosus, dicendi perilus, in. 
dieendo cxercitatus, in dicendo suavis et ornatus. 
Adv. copiose, ornate, facunde. 

else, I. adj. alius. II. adv. 1, = besides, 
praeterea, praeter (prep, with accus., e.g. nothing 
—,praeter hoc nihil); see Except; 2, = other- 
wise, fritter, alioqui(n), alio modo, alia ratio ne ; 
it could not — happen, fieri non potuit quin; 
— where, alibi. 
elucidate, v.tr. seo Explain. 
elude, v.intr. alci or de or (e) alcjs manibus 
elabi, de alcjs manibus effvgire, alcjs manibus 
evaders, alipn eludere, (r)vitare, (efifuglre, decli- 
nare. elusive, adj. fallax. Adv. fallaeiter. 

Elysium, n. Elysium, see Par.vdi.se. Ely- 
sian, adj. Elysius (e.g. campi, domus). 

emaciate, v.tr. attenuare, macerare, ener- 
vare, exhaurirc. emaciated, adj. viaceratus, 
maeer, enervates, enervatus et exsanguU, encctus, 
ejjetus (= exhausted, of soils), emaciation, 
n. macies. 

emanate, v.intr. emanare. emanation, 
n. by verb. 

emancipate, v.tr. liberare re or a re; as 
slaves, etc., manumittere, servitute liberare, serci- 
tio eximcre, e servitute- in libertatem restituere or 
vindicare. emancipation, u. liberatio ; = 
— of slaves, nmnumissio. emancipator, n. 
liberator. 
embalm, v.tr. condire. 

embank, v.tr. molem opponere fluctibus, flu- 
men arcere, co'erccre. embankment, n. agger, 
■iris, in., terra ad aggercm exstruendum congesta, 
moles, -is, f. 

embark, I. v.tr. imponire in navem or 
naves. II. v.intr. 1, lit. conscendcre (navcm); 
2, fig. — upon, consilium or rationem inire. 

embarrass, v.tr. 1, = disturb, (<xm)turbare ; 
2, = hinder, alqm impedire, alci obstare, obesse, 
officerc. embarrassed, adj. Impeditvs; — cir- 
cumstances, see Embarrassment, embarrass- 
ing, adj. difficilis, drtbitts, anceps. embar- 
rassment, n. implicutio, perturbatio ; = — of 
mind, mens turbata ; = pecuniary — , rei fumi- 
liaris implicutio, angustiae. 

embassy, n. 1, = the office of an ambassador, 
legatio, legatiouis munus, -eris, n. ; 2, — the 
persons sent, legatio, legati, qui missisunt; see 
Ambassador. 
embattled, adj. instructus. 
embellish, v.tr. (ad)ornare, exornare, alci 
decori or ornamento esse, excolire. embellish- 
ment, n. decus, -oris, n., ornamentum, iusigne. 



emb 



684 



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embers, n. rim's, -Iris, m., fa villa. 

embezzle, v.tr. avertere, intervcrtcre, inter- 
rertere ad seque transferre, intercipere, supprim- 
ere, retinere ac supprimere. embezzlemen . 
n. peculatus, -us. embezzler, n. pecuniae aver- 
sor, interceptor. 

embitter, v.tr. exasperare, infest um facere, 
exactrbare. embittered, adj. ird accensus, 
irotus, infensus, infestus. 

emblom, n. imago, signum, simulacrum, em- 
blematio, adj. alqd significans, or referens. 

embody, v.tr. 1, = to enroll troops, militee 
conscribere ; 2, = to join one thing to another, 
adjungere, ad'j)kire; inserere ( = to plant in, 
e.g. alqm familiae) ; — in a society, in societatem 
a(d)scribere,recipfre ; — the young soldiers with 
the veterans, tirones im mi scire vetcribus militi- 
bus; — a speech in a letter, epistulae oraiionem 
Hvcludere. embodiment, n. imago, simula' 
crum(= imago). 

embolden, v.tr. alci animum adders, ahpn 
accendere, confirmare. 

emboss, v.tr. caelare {alqd «uro, argento, 
also in auro). embossed, adj. caclatus ; arti- 
ficer in — work, caelator. 

embrace, I. v.tr. 1, amplecti, amplexari, 

complecti ; 2, = contain, eonprehendere, com- 
plect) ; 3, = seize, capere (e.g. occasionem), uti ; 
4, = encircle, complecti ; 5, — an opinion, ad 
okjs partes transire, sentential assentiri. II. u. 
amplezus, -us, complexus, -us. 

embrocation, n. fomentum. 

embroider, v.tr. (acu) pingere, acu facere; 
— with gold, auro alqd distinguere. embroid- 
ery, n. ars acu pingendi; n piece of — , opus 
acu j'ictum or factum, pictura acu facta. 

embroil, v.tr. implkare alqm re, alqm con- 
turhare. 

embryo, n. partus, -us. 

emendation, n. emendatio (et correctio). 

emerald, n. smaragdus, m. and f. ; of — , 
smaragdinus. 

emerge, v.intr. emergen, ex(s)istere. em- 
ergency, n. casus, -«»•, discrimen. 

emetic, n. romitorius, with n. (e.g. bulbus). 

emigrant, n. patrid or domo profugus, pa- 
triot extorris, advena, incola( = foreign resident). 
emigrate, v.intr. (e)migrare, demigrare ex loco 
in locum, transmigrare alqo (e.g. Veios), domo 
emigrare, so'vm (exsilii caus(syt) vertere. emi- 
gration, n. (e)mi(jratio. 

eminent, adj. insignti, praestans, clarus, 
nebilis, egregius, ej:eellens, praecellens, eximius, 
singularis ( = sole of its kind), summits. Adv. 
cgregie, eximie, snmme, praecipue, singulariter, 
l>y superl. with ex omnibus or omnium, or posit, 
witli prae ceteris (e. g. ex omnibus optimus, prae 
ceteris bonus). eminence, II. 1, of place, 
locu3 editus, clivus ( = a hill), tumulus ( = a 
mound); 2, = moral — , praestantia, excellentia, 
s'tmrna gloria; 3, — — of rank, ainpl issimus 
gradus, -us. 

emissary, n. emissarius, speculator. 

emit, v.tr. (e)mittire, jacere. emission, n. 

(r),nissio, jactus, -us. 

emollient, n. vialagma, -fit is (Cels.). 

emolument, n. emolnmentum, lucrum,quars- 
tut, -6$, fructvs, -us. 

emotion, n. animi motus, -us, commotio, 
concitatio ; a strong — , animi pertnrlKitio ; to 
be under — , perturbatum esse. 

emperor, n. imperator, Caesar, Augustus, 
princeps. empress, n. domina, Augusta, 
uxor imperatoria. 



emphasis, n. emphasis (Quint.), vis; with—, 
cum vi ; to have — , vim habere, multumvalcrc; to 
have more — , plus gravitatis or auctoritatis ha- 
bere; without — ,jeiunus, frigidus. emphatic 
adj. gravis, vehemens. Adv. graviter, vehementer. 

empire, n. imperium, potestas, dicio, princt- 
patus, -us, dominatio, dominaius, -iis, regnum 
(= monarchical despotism), tyraniiis, -iiiis.'f. (= 
power usurped in a free state). 

empirical, adj. in nsu tantum et experimen- 
ts positus (Cels.). 

employ, v.tr. 1, = to engage in any work or 
office, occupare, occupatum lenire, dethicre ; alqo 
or alqd re uti; alqd usurpare, adhibire alqd or 
alqm ad alqd, etc. ; 2, = to spend in, or on, 
in alqm or alqd insumere, ad alqd conferre, in 
or ad alqd impendere, in alqd or in alqd re 
consumere, in alqd re collocare, alqd aid rei 
tribuere. employment, n. 1, act of — , 
usus, -us, occujxttio, tractatio, pertractatio ; 2, 
= business, res, negotium, studium, euro, em- 
ployer, n. qui opieras conditcit. 

emporium, n. emporUcm, forum renim ven- 
alium. 

empower, v.tr. alci alcjs rei faciendae 
potestatem facere, alci mandare. ut, etc. ; to be 
empowered by, manaata habere ab alqo, ah-js 
nomine, alqo auctore facere alqd. 

empty, I. adj. 1, inanis (opp. plenus or in- 
structus), nudus (opp. (ex)omatus), vacuus; 2, 
llg. inanis, vanus, omnis cruditionis erj.eri 
(otqueignarus), omnium rerum niciw (the two last 
inregard to learning and cultme); — words, verba 
inania, races inayies, sermo inanis, sermo vanus. 
II. v.tr. racuefacire, exinanire, exonerate ( = 
— a cargo, etc.), exlianrire, exsiccare ; — itself 
(of a river), se effundere, in marc (in)jlnire. 
emptiness, n. 1, = empty space, inanitas, 
inane vacuum, vacuitas; 2, llg. inanitas, vanitas. 

empyrean, n. caelum, figneae. acres, \oe- 
thcrea domus, iignifer aether. 

emulate, v.tr. (con)certare, contendere cum 
alqo, aemulari ulqm. emulation, n. studium, 
certamen, cerlatio, aemulatio. emulator, n. 
nfm«!us, m.,aemi<la, f. emulous, adj. aemulus. 
Adv. ccrtatim. 

enable, v.tr. facultatem alci alcjs rei facien- 
dae dare. 

enact, v.tr. 1, of a deliberative body, alqd 
sancire, sciscere, jubere ; 2, in a wider sense, 
jubcrc, accus. and infin. ; statuere, constituere, 
infill, or ut. enactment, n. = law, sanctio, 
lex, plehiscitum, senatusconsultum . 

enamoured, adj. see Love. 

encamp, v.intr. casira ponire. 

enchant, v.tr. 1, (efyhscinare ( = — by 
the evil eye), incaiitare ( = — by charms); 
2, fig. capere, rapere, delinire, permukire. 
enchantment, u. (ef)fascinatio, carmen. 

encircle, v.tr. see Emci .ose. 

enclose, v.tr. comludere, incXudere in re, 
cingere, saepire, continire, circumdare alqd alci 
rei, or alqd alqd re; to be enclose! by, alqd ri 
cingi, circumdari, continiri. enclosure, n. 
1, = act of — , inclusio ; 2, = enclosed place, 
saeptum, locus saeptus, saejninentum, cohors. 

encomium, n. laus, laudatio ; to pronounce 
au — on, alqm laudare, dieire de alcjs laudlbus. 

encompass, v.tr. see Enclose. 

encore, v.tr. revocare. encore ! interj. 

revocn. 

encounter, I. n. congressio, coneursio, con- 
currus, -us (as soldiers in fight). II. v.tr. 
inter se concurrere, (inter se)congredi, signa inter 
se conferre (of armies) ; — a person, concurrere 



enc 



685 



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or congredi cum alqo (hostilely), incidcre in 
alqm ( = to meet by chance), convenire, congredi 
cum alqo ( = to meet by design). 

encourage, v.tr. (ad)horlari, cohorlari ad 
alqd or with ut, (con)firmare, excitare, impellere, 
alqm stimidare, idci stimulos admovcre; — to 
concord, concordiam siuulere. encourage 
meut, n. = act of — , conjlrmatio, (ad)hortatio, 
cohortatio, impulsus, -us, hortamcn(tum), incita- 
mentum. 

encroach, v.intr. alqdoccupare, inalqdinva- 
dire; — on one's rights, alqd dejure alcjs demi- 
nuere. encroachment, n. as an act, vis, 
vioiatio ; as a result, injuria illata. 

encumber, v.tr. igravare, oncrare, prac- 
gravare, impedire; — with burdens, onera alci 
imponere. encumbrance, u. onus, -eris, n. 
( = load), impedimentam, inolestia. 

end, I. n. 1, = termination, finis, m. and f., 
extremum, terminus (= boundary), exitus, -us, 
modus (e.g. nullus modus caedibus fuit, there 
was no — to the slaughter), clausula ( = 
the conclusion of a period, of a letter, etc.), 
caput (e.g. capita funis), extremus (e.g. in ex- 
treimi orutione, in the — of the speech); at tho 
— , in extremo(in space), ad extrcmum( = lastly), 
denique ; to bring to an — , finem alci rei afferre, 
alqd <ul finem adducere or perduccre, alqd absol- 
vlre, alqd transigere, perficere, conficere, consum- 
mare ; the war has come to an — , debellatumest; 
2, = aim or object, finis, consilium, proposition. 
II. v.intr. finem, exitum habere, evenire, exire, 
ter.minari, finiri, t finire, desinire. III. v.tr. 
alqd finire, termituire ; — a speech, finem J'acere 
oration is or dicendi ; — life, vitam finire, vitam 
deponcre, mortem sibi consciscere(— — by suicide); 
— a strife, controversiam dirimere. ending, n. 
finis, terminatio, exitus, -us. endless, adj. in- 
Anitus, perpetuus, aeternus, sempiteruus. Adv. 
infinite, perpetuo, perpetuum, endlessness, 
n. quod finem non habet, perpeluitas, 

endanger, v.tr. alqm in periculum, in dis- 
cretion adducere or vocare, periclitari. 

endear, v.tr. alqm alci, deviucire. endear- 
ments, n. blanditiae. 

endeavour, I. n. nisus, -us, contentio, opera, 
conatus, -us, stadium; — after honours, honorum 
contentio, ambitio, ambitus, -us; my — tends, id 
ago, hoc specto ut, etc. II. v.intr. (e)nitt, con- 
tendere, comb, cniti et contendere ut, etc., operam 
dare ut, etc., sludere, conari (the two last with 
intin.). 

endorse, v.tr. 1, sgngrapham inscribere ; 
2, fig. see Allow, Sanction, endorsement, 
n. use verbs. 

endow, v.tr. 1, — — a daughter, alci dotem 
dare ; 2, in gen. alqm alqd re or alci alqd donare, 
alqm re instruere, augcre, ornare. endowed, 
adj. ornatus, jrraedi&us, instructus. endow- 
ment, n. donatio, or any word = property, res, 
etc. ; see Property. 

endue, v.tr. see Endow. 

endure, v.tr. ferre, sustincre, tolerare, pati, 
perpeti, comb, ferre et perpeti, pati ae ferre, 
perpeti ac pcrferre. endurance, n. toleratio, 
tolerantia, perpessio, comb, perpessio et tolerantia. 
endurable, adj. tolerabUis, tolerandus, pati- 
bilis ; to make a thing — , lenire, mitigare, levare 
(consuetudine levior fit labor), enduring, adj. 
perpetuus, perennis. 

enemy, n. hostis ( = public — ), inimicus( = 
private — ); the — , hostis, sing, or pi. 

energy, n, vis, vigor, virtus, -ntis, f., im- 
petus, -us, contentio (e.g. foci's), energetic, 
adj. acer, strenuus. impiger, vehemens. Adv. 
aerikr, strenue, impigre, vehementer. 



enervate, v.tr. encrvare, debilitare, (e)mol- 
lire, frangere. enervation, n. debilitatio. 
enfeeble, v.tr. see Enervate. 

enforoe, v.tr. 1, = — an argument, con- 
firmare ; 2, in gen. t>£»t alci rei dare or prae- 
bcrc. 

enfranchise, v.tr. 1, alci civitatem dare, 
alqm in civitatem or civitati a(d)scribere, in 
civitatem a(d)sciscere, accipire, recipere, civitate 
donare; 2, = set free, manumittere. enfran- 
chisement, n. 1, civitas, or civitatis donatio ; 
2, = setting free, manumissio. 

engage, v.tr. 1, = to fight with, confiigcre 
cum alqo ; 2, = to bind, alqm obligare, obstrin- 
glre ; 3, = to secure the services of, alqm mer- 
ccde conducere; 4, = ask, alqm invitare, excitare 
(e.g. ad saltamium) ; 5, — in conversation, alqm 
appellare ( = address), sermonem cum alqo 
incipere, instituere, conferre, se sermoni inter- 
■misccre ; 6, = undertake, spondere, promittere, 
recipere(acavB. and infin.); 7, — in, = euterupon, 
alqd ingre.di, inire, obire, suscipere. engaged, 
adj. 1, occupatus; 2, = — in marriage, sponsus, 
pactus. engagement, 1, = battle, pugna, 
proelium ; 2, = pledge, sponsio, stipulatio, pac- 
tum, pactio, ennventus, -us( = agreement), promts- 
sum ( = promise) ; to keep an — , fidem praestart, 
sen-are ; = — in marriage, pactio nuptialis ; 3, 
= appointment, constitutum, or by verb; 4, = 
business, occupatio, iiegotium. engaging, 
adj. suavis ; — manners, mores urbani. Adv. 
suauiter. 

engender, v.tr. 1, gignere, generare, (jiro)- 
creare, comb, creare et gignire, gignere et procreare ; 

2, tig- facire, creare; see Cause, Produce. 

engine, n. machina, machinatio, tnachina- 
mentum, tormentum. engineer, n. faber( = 
workman), architeclus, machinutor, operum (jmb- 
licorum) curator. 

engrave, v.tr. 1, scalpcre, in alqd re or alci 
rei (e.g. auro) incidere (e.g. leges); 2, tig- In 
mentibus alqd insculpere. engraving, n. as 
an art or work of art, scalptura (Plin.). en- 
graver, n. sculptor (Plin.). 

engross, v.tr. 1, = buy up, co'emcre ; 2, = to 
write in large letters, moguls lit(t)eris scribere ; 

3, = occupy, alqm occupare, tencre. 
engulf, v.tr. 1, absorbcre, (de)vorare; 2, fig. 

absorbere, (ex)haurire. 

enhance, v.tr. 1, = increase, augcre, am- 
plificare; 2, fig. augcre, amplificare, ornare, 
exaggerare. enhancement, n. accessio, am- 
plijicatio. 

enigma, n. aenigma, -atis n., ambages, -urn ; 
you speak in — , ambages narras. enigmati- 
cal, adj. obscurus, perplexus, ambiguus. Adv. 
amhigne, per ambages, perplexe. 

enjoin, v.tr. see Command. 

enjoy, v.tr. frui, gaudire, uti re (e.g. pros- 
pcrrimd valetudine), fiorere re (e.g. justitiae famd), 
voluptatem capere or percipcre ex re. enjoy- 
ment, n. gaudium, fructus, -us, usus, -us, 
volitptas, suavitas, oblectatio, dclectatio. 

enkindle, v.tr. accendlre, im-endire, inflam- 
rnare (scil. animos, discordiam, odium, etc.). 

enlarge, v.tr. amplificare, dilatarc (opp. 
coartarc, e.g. castra, aciem, impcrium), proferre, 
prolatare, or propagare ( = to extend, e.g. imperii 
fines, imperium), augcre ( — to increase) ; — one's 
knowledge, alqd addiscire; — upon, alqd rt 
pluribus (verbis) disputare. enlargement, u. 
amplificalio, propagatio, prclatio, incrementum. 

enlighten, v.tr. 1, lit. illustrare, illuminare ; 
2, tig. alqm docere. erudire,fingcre. enlighten- 
ment, n. humanitas, men* exculta or perpolita. 



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686 



epi 



enlist, I. v.tr. militcs conscribere, comparare, 
Sacramento adigere, obligare, conquircrc. II. 
v.intr. nmnen dare, profitcri, sacramen'um dic&re, 
enlistment, n. use verbs. 

enliven, v.tr. alqm, (cx)h Harare, lactificare. 

enmity, n. inimieitia, odium, simitttas. 

ennoble, v.tr. 1, alqm nobilium ordini 
a(d)srrib?rc ; in the Koman sense, transiti 
a plebe ad patricios ; 2, flg. ornorc, excolere, 
illustrare. 

ennui, n. taedium. 

enormous, adj. ingens, immanis, vmmensus, 
mirti or incredibile magnitudine. Adv. praeter 
nudum, or by superl. of adj. (e.g. — high, 
ailissivms). enormity, n. res atrox or nefanda, 
tcelue, -eris, n. , facinus, -oris, n. 
1 enough, adj. tat, satis (e.g. satis consilii), 
affotim ; more than — , abunde, satis svpe.rque; 
not — , parti m: (opp. nimis); but — ! sed haec 
hactenus. 

enquire, v.tr. 1, see Ask ; 2, — into, de 
al <& re quaerere, in alqd, (de)alqd re. inquirere, 
1 or de alqd re cognoseere. enquiry, n. 1, 
s«e Question ; 2, legal t.t. quaestio, inquisitio, 
cognitio; 3, — investigation, inquisitio, investi- 
gatio ; see Enquire. 

enrage, v.tr. alcjs exasperare, infiammare, 
alqm lacessere ; to be enraged, furore incendi or 
injlammari. 
- enrapture, v.tr. alqm obleetare, capere. 

enrich, v.tr. locuplctare, locupletem facere, 
clitare, divitiis ornare. 

enrobe, v.tr. inducre. alci vestem or alqm 
rate. 

enrollfV.tr. i nscribcre,consigna re ; see Enu- 

enshrine, v.tr. dedicare (lit.), (con)secrare 
(lit, and fig.). 

ensign, n. 1, signum (militore), vexilhon ; 2, 
an officer, signifcr, aquilifer, vexillarius. 

enslave, v.tr. alqm in servilutem redigere, 
alci servitutem injungere, alqm servitule ajiccre, 
enslaved, adj. alci rei adaidus; to be — , alci 
rei (in)servire. 

ensnare, v.tr. 1, illaqueare (lit. late; fig. 
Hor.), laqueo capire, irretire; 2, tig. irrctire, 
illicere, capere. 

entail, v.tr. 1, terram heredi ita addicere 
ut nunquam alienari possii ' ; 2, flg. see Cause. 

entanglement, n. implicatio. 
r enter, I. v.intr. introire, voire, ingredi; — 
a port, inportnm venire, invehi, deferri; — upon, 
inire, suscipSre ; — into, coire, facere (e.g. socie- 
talem) ; — public life, ad rempublicam accedere, 
remp. capessere ; — an office, munus inire, ingredi, 
rnyessere, suscipere. II. v.tr. = — accounts, in 
tabulae referee ; — as paid, alqd aid expensum 
(re)ferrc. entrance, n. 1, = act of — , in- 
gressio, introitus, -us; 2, = place of — , aditvs, 
-us, os, ostium, janua ( = gate), limen ( = 
threshold), introitus, -Ss; 3, = beginning, in- 
itium; at — of spring, prima vere. entr;\ 

1, see Entrance; 2, = — in accounts, no 
(e.g. nomen in tabulas refcrre, make an — ).' 

enterprise, n. ir.ceptum, conatvs, -Us, conata, 
•orum, opus, -eris, n., facinus, -oris, n. enter- 
prising, adj. acer, strenUUS, impigcr, av.dar. 

entertain, v.tr. 1, = to have; habere; 2, — 
to amuse, delectare, obleetare; 3, = to give 
hospitality to, hospitio aceipSr.e, recipere, excipire. 
entertainer, n. hospee, ■Ktie, m. and f. en- 
tertainment, n. 1 = hospitality, hospitium; 

2, = banquet, epulae, t daps or dopes, conviv- 
*«» ; 3, see AMVEiiLLyr. entertaining. 
adj., see Axcsrso. 



enthusiasm, n. inflammatio einimi, mentis 
incikitioet permotio, mens incitata, aeslus, -Us, or 
fervor (ingenii), ardor (animi), furor divinus, 
t mens furibunda. enthusiast, n. 1, = re- 
ligious — , t homo entheus, divino spiritu tactus, 
homo fanaticus ; 2, = given to anything, alci 
rei tuldictus, deditus. enthusiastic, adj. 1, 
\ enlheus, fanaticus, t furens ; 2, aniens, aver, 
vekemens. Adv. ardenter, act iter, veliementer. 

entice, v.tr. allicerc, illicere, peUicere. en- 
ticement, n. illecebrae. enticing, adj. blan- 
dus, dulcis or pres. part, of verb. Adv. blande. 

entire, adj. totus, integer, solidus. Ail v. 
omnino, plane, prorsus. entireness, en- 
tirety, n. by totus. 

entitle, v.tr. 1, = to wme, iiucribere (a 
writing); 2, = to give i 2 to, jus or pot es- 
tatcm alqd faciendi dare ; 1 am entitled to, facere 
alqd possum, mei est alqd facere. 

entomb, v.tr. humare. 

entrails, n. intestina, -orum, viscera, -um, 
exta, -orum. 

entrap, v.tr. 1, irretire ( — — by a net), 
incscare ( = — by bait) ; 2, fig. irretire, illicere. 

entreat, v.tr. prccari, rogare, orare, petere, 
supplicare; see Ask. 

entrust, v.tr. (con)credere, commendare el 
coneredcre, conirn.HU.re, permittere, mandare, com- 
mendare (all with alqd alci), deponere alqd aptul 
alqm. 

entwine, v.tr. inneetere alqd alci rei, alqd 
alqd re red i mire. 

enumerate, v.tr. (ari)wumerare, dinumerare, 
enuvierare. 

enunciate, v.tr. cdiccre, indicarc, pronun- 
Jare, enuntiare. enunciation, n. enuntiatio. 

envelope. I. v.tr. involv&re, obducere. II. 
n. involucrum, integumen'um. 

envenom, v.tr. 1, alqd veneno imbnere : 2, 
fig. alqm exasperare, exaeerbare. envenomed, 
adj. see Sfiteful. 

environ, v.tr. circumdare, circti/mstare. en- 
virons, n. loca quae circumjacent alci loco, quae 
circum alqm locum sunt. 

envoy, n. legatus; see Ambassador. 

envy, I. n. invidia, livor, malignitas, oh- 
treetatio, malcvolentia. II. v.tr. invidere alci; 
— something, alci alqd invidere (e.g. invidere 
alci honorem ; hullius equidem invideo Ttonori, 
= 1 — no one's honour) ; I am envied, invi- 
dctnr mihi, in invidid sum, invidiat sum. en- 
viable, adj. \ invidendus, fortunatus, bcotus. 
envious, adj. invidus, lividus, malignus. Adv. 
cum invidid, maligne. 

ephemeral, adj. unius diei, caducus, ' 

epic, adj. epicus, herous, heroicus ; — poem, 
epos (in nom. and accus. only). 

Epicurean, n. 1, = a followe- of Epicurus, 
Epicureus; 2,= a lover of pleasure, homodeli- 
catus or luxuriosus. 

epidemic, adj. and n. morbus, pestilent ia, 

epigram, n. epigramma, -atis,n. epigram- 
matic, adi- epigrammaticu's (late), salsus. 

epilepsy, n. morbus comilialis. 

epilogue, n. epilogus. 

episcopal, adj. * episcopedis (eccl.). epis- 
copacy, n. cpiscopatus, -v.3 (eccl.). 

episode, n. embolium, exeurivs, -us, digres- 
sio, digressva, -us (= digression). 

epistle, n. epistttla. epistolary, adj. 
KH 'rrie or p>r lit(i)nas. 

epitaph, n. MuTiie. ehtfUim. 



epi 

n. epithalamium, 



687 



eat 



epithalamium, 

nuptials. 

epithet, n. cpitheton (Quint.). 
epitome, n. epitome, summarium (Sen.). 
epitomize, v.tr. cpitomen facere. 

epoch, n. tempos, -oris, n.', tempestas, aetas, 
saeculum. 

equal, I. adj. aequus, similis, geminus (= 
twin), comb, aequus et par, aequalis et par, par 
oi aequalis, par et similis, par atque idem, par 
atque units; —to each other, compar (sc\\. \connu- 
bium), t parili3, inter se aequales ; not—, dispar, 
impar, dissimilis ; to divide into twelve — parts, 
in duodecim partes aequaliter dividcre; — to 
doing anything, ad alqd faciendum sufficient. 
Adv. atque, aequaliter, pariter. II. n. par. 
III. v.tr. alqd cum alqd re a(d)aequare, aequi- 
parare (more rarely with dat.). equality, n. 
aequalitas, aequabilitas. equable, adj. aequus, 
aequabilis, aequalis sibi, constans (sibi), stabilis. 
Adv. aeqwo animo, aequabiliter, conslanter, ae- 
qualiter. equability, n. constantia, aequus 
animus, aequabilitas, stabilitas. equalize, 
v.tr. alqm or alqd alci (rei) (ex)aequare, adae- 
quare. 

equanimity, n. aequus animus, aequitas 
animi, aequa mens, constantia. 

equator, n. circulus aequinoctialis. 

equerry, n. equiso, tribunus skibuli (under 
the emperors). 

equestrian, I. adj. cquester, equestris. II. 
11. cques, yitis. 

equiangular, adj. angulis acquis or paribus. 

equidistant, adj. pari intervallo, aequis or 
paribus intervallis distantes inter sc. 

equiformity, n. aequabilitas. 

equilateral, adj. aequis or paribus lateri- 
bus. 

equilibrium, n. aequilibrium (Sen.) ; in 
— , pari momento libratus. 

equinox, n. aequinoctium. equinoctial, 
adj. aequinoctialis. 

equip, v.tr. armare, instruere, ornare. 
equipment, n. artna, -orum, armatura in- 
etrumenta, -orum, navalia (of ships). 

equipoise, n. see Equilibrium. 

equitable, adj. aequus, Justus, mcrilus (= de- 
served) ; it is — , aequv.m, par, jus, fas est (with 
intin. or inlin. and accus.). equity, n. aequitas, 
aequum bonum, justilia, moderatio; contrary to 
— , contra fas, contra quam fas est, contra jus 
fasqui. 

equivalent, adj. see Equal. 

equivocal, adj. aequivocus, ambiguus, an- 
ceps, dubius, dubius et quasi duplex, equivo- 
cation, n. ex ambiguo dictum, ambiguitas, am- 
phibolia. equivocate, v.intr. tergiversari. 
• era, n. femporum ratio. 

eradicate, v.tr. e'radicare (ante-class.), ex- 
(s)tirparej (e)vellere, extrah&re, evclllre et extrahcre, 
erufre, delerc, exstinguerc, excldcre, craderc, tol- 
Ure. eradication, n. ei(s)tirpatio, ex(s)tinctio, 
exctdium. 

erase, v.tr. delire, indu'cere( ss to cover with 
the broad end of the stylus), (e)rad?re. era- 
sure, n. liiura. 

ere, adv. pri'Jsquam, anti qudm; see Before. 

erect, I. adj. (e)rectUs. II. v.tr. erigere ( =s 
set straight up), aedificare ( = build), exstritere 
( = raise), erection, n, 1, as act, aidificatio, 
ex(s)tr\lciio ; 2, = building, cCediff<5ium. 

erb^icf. aSj. i:r.c'ivri'us. 



err, v.intr. crrare, vagari, in errors versari, 
errore captum esse ( = to be in error), fulli 
( = to be misled), peccare ( = to sin), error, 
n. error, erratum ( = a single act), lapsus, -its 
( = a slip or fall), peccalum ( = a sin) ; to com- 
mit — , crrare, peccare. erratic, adj. incon- 
stuns. erroneous, adj. falsus. Adv. falso. 
erroneousness, n. see Error. 

errand, u. mandatum ; an — -boy, nuntius, 
tabcllarius. 

erst, adv. quondam, olim. 

erudite, adj. Iit{t)eratu3, doctus, doctrind in- 
structus, erudiius, erudiiione ornatus ; comb, 
doctus atque eruditus. erudition, u. doctrina, 
cruditio. 

eruption, n. cruptio (e.g. ditnaeorum ig- 
nium). 

escape, I. v.tr. alqd (ef)fugere, subterfugere 
(secretly), evadere ex alqd re, ab alqo, elabi ex 
alqd re; — a danger, periculum vitare, effuglre ; 
it — s me, me praeterit, me fugit alqd. II. v.intr. 
(ef)fttgcre, cTobi, evadcre. III. n. vitatio, devi- 
tatio, fuga, effugiwn. 

escarpment, u. vallum. 

escheat, I. n. hereditas caduca (Jet.). II. 
v.intr. caducum esse (Jet.). 

eschew, v.tr. vitare ; see Avoid. 

escort, I. n. comitatus, -us; under someone's 
—i alqo oomite or comitante, comitalu or cww, 
comitcitu alcjs, cum alqo, ab alqo deductus (as 
mark of honour). II. v.tr. alqm comitari, dedu- 
ccre, prosequi, alci (rei) prucsidio esse (as a 
defence). 

esoulent, adj. esculenlus. 

esoteric, adj. arcanus, occultus. 

especial, adj. praecipuus, maximus,^ sum- 
mits; he had an — care for, nihil antiquiws 
habuit quam ut.. Adv. praesertim, praecipue, 
maxims, in primis (imprimis), summe. 

esplanade, n. ambulatio. 

espouse, v.tr. 1, see Betroth ; 2, see 
Marky ; 3, iig. see Embrace. 

esquire, n. * armiger. 

essay, I. v.tr. conari. II. n. 1, = an 
attempt, experimentum, conatus, -its, conata, 
■orum; 2, = treatise, libellus. essayist, n. 
scriptor. 

essence, n. natura, vis, proprietas; it is the 
— of affection, amicitia vera est, or amicitiae 
(proprium) est. essential, adj. verus, primus, 
praecipuus, proprius, in alcjs rei naturd positus. 
Adv. rcapse, vere, praecipue, imprimis, necessario; 
to be — different, ipsa rei natwd diversum esse. 

establish, v.tr. 1, = to set up, statucre, 
constitutors] 2, = to make strong, confirmare, 
stabilire ; 3, = to prove, probare, confirmare. 
establishment, n. 1, = act of — > consUtutio, 
conciliatio (e.g. gratiae), conflrmatlo ; 2, = 
household, familia. 

estate, n. 1, = condition, ratio, status, -Us, 
hdbitus, -US, condicio, re», fortuna; sors; 2, 
= property, res, fundus, praevium, ager, pos- 
sessio. 

esteem, I. n. 1, = opinion, aesiimatio, 
dpinio, existtmatio; 2, =n reverence, cfiservamtia. 
(shown outwardly) ; to feel — , alqm VerlrU II. 
v.tr. 1, = think, aestimare, existimare-, piitarc, 
Tidblre; 2, = reverence, alqm respinSre, vtrlrl, 
magni facere alqm; to be esteemed^, magnl kaberi 
(the>genitives maximi, minimi, riVitll, pMris, etc. , 
may be employed), estimable, adj. dignus 
dlqd re, or qui with subj., laudUMs, ton"!!, op- 
timus.'honestus, gravis, probui. 

eet-ijr^it^T, a i ; = — m tajJSS^, WUifc$6; 



est 



688 



esc 



2, = judgment, judicium, aestimatio. II. y.tr. 

1, alqd aestimare (with genit. or abl. of price), 
tensere; 2, see Esteem, estimation, n. see 
Esteem. 

estrange, v.tr. (abydienare ; — from your- 
self, alqm oralcji voluntatem a se alienare, alie- 
na re si6i alcjs animum. estrangement, n. 
alienatio, discidium. 

estuary, n. aestuarium. 

eternal, adj. cfternus, semjtiternus, immor- 
tali*, veri>etuus ; — enmity, oiliuxi inexpiabile. 
Adv. in aeternum, perpetvo, semper, oternity, 
n. aeteniilas; for — ,in aeternum, in perpetuum, 
in omne tempns. 

ether, n. aether, ethereal, adj. aetherius 
(aethvreus). 

ethics, ii. de moribus, or officiis, ethic?. 
(Quint.), ethical, adj. de moribus or officii*, 
quod ad mores pertinet, moralis (invented by 
Cicero). 

etiquette, n. mos, moris, in., usus, -us. 

etymology, n. = derivation, etymologia, 
etymologice, explicatio verborum. 

eucharist, n. * eucharistia. 

eulogy, n. laudatio, laus. eulogist, n. 
laudator, eulogize, v.tr. laudare. 

eunuch, n. eunuchus. 

euphemism, n., euphemistic, adj. ut 
bona de his loquar. 

euphony, n. sonus, -us, dulcis or svavis. 

evacuate, v.tr. (de)vclinquere locum, (de)- 
cedere loco or de or ex V>co, discedere a loco or loco 
or ex loco, excedere loco or ex loco ; to — a town 
(with troops), ab alqo loco milites deducere. 

evade, v. tr. de or ex al-js ma n ihus clabi, de alcjs 
manibiis effugere, alcjs manibva or aid evadere, 
alqm tubterfugere. evasion, u. ambages, -is, 
f., usu. in pi., tergirersatio. evasive, adj. 
ambiguus. Adv. ambigue. 

evangelist, n. * evanjelista. evangelical, 
adj. * evangelicus. 

evaporate, I. v.tr. (e)vaporare, exhalare, 
ex(s\pirare. II. v.intr. (e)vaporari, exhalari, 
ea(s)pirari: evaporation, u. (e)vaporcctio, ex- 
halatio, ex(s)piratio. 

even, adj. aequus, planus, comb, aequvs et 
planus ; of temper, aequus, aequabilis; of num- 
bers, par. Adv. aequaliter, aequabiliter, pariter. 
evenness, n. aequalitas (Plin.); — of temper, 
aequus animus. 

even, adv. etiam, vel (esp. with superl. or 
single words), adeo, ipse (e.g. ipsa amicitia) ; not 
— , ne ... quidem ; — now, jam nunc 

evening, I. n. vesper, -Iris, or -iri, m. 
tempvs vespertinum, occasus, -its, solis (= sunset); 
towards — , ad (sub) veeperum, sub occasum solis ; 
in the — , vesperi ; the — before, pridie vesperi ; 
yesterday — , hcri vesperi; good — ! salve; I 
wish good — to anyone, salvlre alqm jubeo. II. 
adj. vespcrlinus ; — star, Hesperus, Vesper. 

event, n. 1, = issue, event im, -fes, exitus -fis; 

2, = occurrence, res (qesta), factum, casus, -Us, 
eventus, -us. eventful, adj. memorabilis, We 
(e.g. Vie die.? = that — day), mayni or maximi 
tnsmenti. ' 

ever, adv. 1, e always, semper, perpttuo ; 
tne best is — the rarest, optimum quidque raris- 
simum est ; 2 } = at any time, umquam (unq), 
(ali)quando ; if — , si quando ; — so great, quan- 
tumvis or qitamris magnvs ; for — , in aeternum. 
everlasting, adj. see Eterkal. 
' every, adj. quisque, quique, quilibet, quivis 
omnia; — .one, each separately, unusquisque; 
— live days there were two days for hunt- 



ing, binae venationes per dies quinque; — day, 
etc., singulis diebus, mensibus, annis, also qnot 
diebus, mensibus, antiis. and in si ngulas horns or 
merely in horas ; each of two, uterque ; — person, 

— one, nemo non or nemo est quin or nemo est 
qui non (e.g. — one holds, nemo est quin cxisli- 
met) ; — one knows, nemo est qui nesciai; — 
where, ubique, ubivis, nusquam. 

evict, v.tr. alqo loco (ex)pellere, de alqo loco 
dctrudcre, deturbare. eviction, n. ei'iclio (Jet.), 
or by verb. 

evident, adj. certus, mani/estus, apertus, 
evidens, pcrspicuus ; it is — , constat, ccrtum est, 
liquet (with accus. and infm.). Adv. aperte, 
manifeste, perspicue, evidenler. evidence, It. 

I, legal t.t. testimonium, indicium; 2, in gen. 
'■rgumentum, or by verb probare. 

evil, I. adj. mains, perversus, maUficus. II. 
n. malum, incommvdum (= inconvenience) ; to bo- 
rn — , ire vudis esse; to suffer under some 
— , laborare ex alqd re (e.g. ex pedibus). evil- 
doer, n. maleficus. evil-speaking, adj. 
maledicus. 

evince, v.tr. ostendcre, probare, (e)vinc£re. 

evoke, v.tr. evocare., elicere, excitarc. 

evolve, v.tr. evolvere, explicare. evolu- 
tion, n. 1, = — of soldiers, decursvs, -iis ; 2, 
= — of nature, rerum, progressio. 

ewe, n. ovisfemina. 

ewer, n. urceus, hydria, urna. 

exacerbate, v.tr. see E.mbittee. 

exact, I. adj. exactus, accundus, 'eipressvs. 

II. v.tr. alqd ab alqo exigere, alci alqd or alqd ab 
alqo extorqucre ; alqd alci imperare. Adv. accu- 
rate; — so, ita plane, or prorsus. exacting, 
adj. rapax. exaction, ii. exactio. exacti- 
tude, exactness, n. diligentia, aauratio 
(rare). 

exaggerate, v.tr. verbis exaggerare, multi- 
plicare verbis (e.g. copias), verbis augerr, in majus 
(verbis) extollere, in majus accipcre. exaggera- 
tion, n. (nimia)anrpfijicatio, veritatis svperlatio, 
trajectio. 

exalt, v.tr. augZre, majus reddere, verbis 
or laudibus efferre or extollere. exaltation, n. 
dignitatis accessio. exalted, adj. aJtus (rj)W- 
sWs; of — position, gradu amplissimo. 

examine, v.tr. explorare, pond rare, inquir- 
ere, (per)scrutari. examination, n. scruta- 
tin, inquisitio, probatio. examiner, n. in gen. 
investigator ; of a school, qui quid proficer- 
int pueri exquirit. 

example, n. exemplum, exemplar, documen- 
turn; to eet an — , exemplum praebere. 

exasperate, v.tr. exasperare. 

excavate, v.tr. (ex)eavare, effodere. exca- 
vation, n. cavum. 

exceed, v.tr. tratisgredi, txeedire, transire 
ji)ie?(lit. and fig.), terminos egredi (tig.), modum 
egredi or excedere, ultra- modum egredi. excess, 
n. intemperantia, licentia, luxuria. excessive, 
adj. nimius, immodicus, immoderatu?. Adv. 
nimis, immodice, immoderate, pracUr modum. 

excel, v.tr. excellire (ingenio, virtute, uni- 
mi magnitudine, dignitate, also in alqd- re), 
alqm in re (M^vwrrr-e, a?ci (in) alqd re 
praestare. excellent, adj. excellens, pme- 
stans, egregius, bonus, optimus, laudatus, 
praecipvus. Adv. excellenter, egregie, bene, 
oplime, praecipue, imprimis (in primis). excel- 
lence, n. excellentio , praeslantia. 

except, I. v.tr. cxciicrc, ciimirc, excludere ; 

— from military service, raealionewi militiae 
alci dare; not one excepted, ad union omnes 



exc 



689 



exp 



or omnes ad nnum. II, prep, praeter, extra, 
accus. past partie. of excipere in abl. abs. (e.g. 
te exceptu), nisi alter a neg. (e.g. nisi in ie nul- 
lum spem liabeo). exception, n. exccptio. ex- 
ceptional, adj. ranu. Adv. praeter modum. 

exchange, I. V.tr. (per)mutare ; —letters, 
lil(iyriii diirc et accipcre. II. n. 1, = changing, 
(}ier)muUUio, vices(— turns) ; 2, of money, colhj- 
bus ; 3, = the place of — , forum, inensapubliea. 

exchequer, n. aerarium, fiscius. 

excite, v.tr. excitare, concitare, (com)movere ; 
— pity, etc., misericordiam, solitionem, bellum 
iiiov. or com., conjlare (e.g. bellum, ulci invidi- 
am); — a controversy, eontroversiam inferre. 
excitable, adj. iracundus, fervidus. ex- 
cited, adj. commutus. excitement, n. con- 
citatio, commotio, motus, -its. 

exclaim, v.tr. crdamare, conclamare (of 
several), exclamation, n. exclamutio, accla- 
matio, vox. 

exclude, v.tr. excluMre, prohibere,(ab) alqo 
loco arcere. exclusion, n. exclusio (rare), or 
by verb, exclusive, adj. = — in choice of 
acquaintance, parum affabilis, qui rari adi- 
tus est ; — property, quod alci proprium est. 
Adv. by adj. proprius. exclusiveness, n. 
rari aditus esse. 

excommunicate, v.tr. sacrificiis interdi- 
cere alci, alqm *excomm,U)licare. excommuni- 
cation, n. sacrijiciorum interdictio, *excommu- 
nicutio. 

excrement, n. excrementum, stercu*, -Sris, 
n. excrescence, n. gibber, -eris, m. (Plin. 
= a hunch), tuber, -eris, m. (= protuberance). 

excruciating, adj. acerbissimus. 

exculpate, v.tr. exeusare, (ex)purgare ; — 
with someone, alci or apud alqm exeusare ; — 
yourself, se exeusare dc re. exculpation, n. 
excusatio, purgatio. 

excursion, n. iter, -ineris ; to make an — , 
excuirirc (e.g. rus). 

excuse, I. v.tr. 1, = ask for pardon, veniam 
petere, rogare, se alci or apud alqm exeusare. 
(ex)purgare; 2, = grant pardou, veniam alci 
dare, alci ignoscere. II. n. 1, excusatio ; 2, 
■venia; 3, see Pretext, excusable, adj. cui 
ignosci potest. 

execrate, v.tr. exsecrari, detestari, abomi- 
•no.ri; see Curse. execrable, adj. see 
Abominable. 

execute, v.tr. 1, = to carry into effect, 
exsequi, persequi (e.g. alcjs marulata; — a com- 
mand, imperium), efficcre, perficcre, ad effectum 
adducere; 2, = to inllict punishment, poenam 
capcre or poenas exigere de alqo, supplicium de 
alqo sumere, necare. execution, n. 1, effectio, 
or by verb; 2, supplicium; 3, = — on goods, 
bonorum vendilio, emptio ; 4, = slaughter, 
caedes, -is. executive, u. penes quos est ad- 
ministratio rerum. 

exegesis, n. explanatia, interpretatio. 

exemplary, adj. see Excellent ; — pun- 
ishment, exemplum severitatis. 

exempt, I. v.tr. excipere, eximere, immunem 
facere, vacationem dare, gratiam faclre alci alcjs 
rei. II. adj. (06 alq& re) immunis, alqd re liber, 
solutxis; — from further service (of a soldier), 
emeritus, exemption, n. immunitas, vacatio. 

exercise, I. v.tr. 1, = carry on, exercere, 
facere, agere, alqd re fungi ; 2, physically, exer- 
cere (e.g. se, milites, etc.). II. n. 1, u.unus, 
■eris, n. ; 2, cxercitatio ; 3, = theme, thema, 
■atis (Quint.). 

exert, v.tr. 1, contendere, in'tendire; — your- 
self, (coii)uiti, eniii. conari ; 2, see Use, EMTtOY, 



Exercise, exertion, n. contentio, intentio, 
conatus, -its. 

exhale, v.tr. exhulare; odours are exhaled, 
od<ires(efloribus) afflantur ; see Evaporate, ex- 
halation, Ji. cxhalatio. 

exhaust, v.tr. exhaurire (lit. ami fig.), con- 
ficcre. exhausted, adj. see Weary, ex- 
haustion, II. See 1'' ATI OLE. 

exhibit, v.tr. 1, proponere, ante oculos ponire, 
edere, celeb rare ; 2, = manifest, praebire. ex- 
hibition, n. 1, = act of — , by verb ; 2, = 
show, spectaculum, ludi. 

exhilarate, v.tr. (ex)hilarare (e.g. vultum), 
hilarem facere. exhilaration, n. animi relax- 
atio, oblectatio. 

exhort, v.tr. hortari; see Admonish, En- 
courage. 

exigenoe, n. necessitas, angustiae. 

exile, I. n. 1, = banishment, ex(s)ilium, 
relegalio ; 2, = person banished, exsul, extorris, 
fprofugus. II. v.tr. e(j)icere, extenninare, rele- 
gare, deporkire (Tac), (ex)pellere, alci aqua et 
igni interdicere. 

exist, v.intr. ex(s)istere, esse, exstare. exist- 
ence, n. use esse (e.g. to believe in the — of 
gods, deos esse putare); I have means of — , habeo 
unde utar. 

exit, n. 1, = going away, exitus, egressus, 
abiius, all -ils; 2, — way out, exitus, ejugium, 
janua. 

exonerate, v.tr. see Exculpate. 

exorbitant, adj. immo licus, immoderatus. 
Adv. immodice, immoderate. 

exordium, n. exordium, crorsus, -Us, pro- 
oemium. 

exoterio, adj. quod iijuirepiKov vocant, ex- 
otericus (Gell.). 

exotic, adj. peregrinus, externus. 

expand, v.tr. see Spread, expanse, n. 
spaiium. 

expatiate, v.tr. uberius or pluribus (verbis) 
disputare, dicere, longum esse in alqd re. 

expatriate, v.tr. see Banish. 

expect, v.tr. ex(s)pectare, opperiri alqm or 
alqd ; sperare (with fore ut, spem habere alcjs rei, 
or with accus. and inlin.) ; a less slaughter than 
might have been — ed, minor clades quam pro 
tantd victoria fuit. expectant, adj. use spes 
or ex(s)pectatio, or verb, or arrectus. expecta- 
tion, n. ex(s)pectatio, spes, opinio. 

expectorate, v.tr. exscreare (e.g. sangui- 
nem), exspuere. expectoration, n. 1, ex- 
screatio (— act of—) (Plin.); 2, sputum (= 
matter of — ) (Cels.). 

expedient, I. adj. commodus, utilis ; it is 
— , expedit. II. n. ratio ; no useful — is at 
hand, nullum consilium in promptu. est; to find 
an — , viam invenire, viam consilii inienire. 
expediency, n. utilitas. 

expedite, v.tr. expedire, maturare. expe- 
dition, n. 1, = speed, celeritas ; 2, = military 
— , expeditio. expeditious, adj. ceUr, promp- 
tus, maturus. Adv. celeriter, prompte, mature. 

expel, v.tr. (er)pell(re re or a re or ex re, 
depcllere alqm re, de re or ex re, exigere re or ex 
re, e(j)icere re, de, ex or ab re. expulsion, n. 
exactio, expulsio. 

expend, v.tr. expendfrc, UnpcndZre, erogare 
(of public money); —much money, magnossump- 
tus faclre ; pecuniam profuiulire. expense, 11. 
impensa, impendium, dispendium, sumptus, -ft$. 
expensive, adj. sumptuosus, carus, pretiosus, 
magnipretii. Adv. sinuptuose, pretiose. expen- 
diture, u. rogatio, sumptus. -"■«. 



exp 



690 



exu 



experience, I. n. usus, -iis, experieniia, pru- 
dentia (= wisdom that is the result of — ); — 
in nautical matters, scientia atque usus rerum 
nauticarum; I write from — , expertvs scribo 

>od scribo. II. v.tr. txperiri, (ksii) discere or 
cognoscere, experientiA discere, tisu alqd miki 
renit. experienced, adj. («aw) periius, usv 
atque exercitatione praeditus, muttarum rerum 
peritus ; peritus trie's rei, exercitatus, versatus in 
re. experiment, n. experiment um, perielita- 
tio, periculum; an unfortunate — , res infeliciter 
tentata. experimental, adj. and adv. usu or 
txperimentis cognitus. 

expert, adj. & n. alci. rei or ad cdqd aptus, ido- 
neus, akjs rei compos, alcjs rci peritus, in alqd re 
exercitatus, callidus, sol(l)ers. expertnoss, u. 
calliditas, sol(l)ertia. 

expiate, v.tr. alqd luere, explore, poenas 
alcjs rei dare, pendcre, dependtre, iexpeudere, 
solvere, expiation, n. satisfactio, poena, piac- 
idum. expiatory, adj. piacularis. 

expire, v.intr. ex(s)pirare ; animam, eitrem- 
um spiritum edere; see Die. expiration, n. 
by abl. abs. (e.g. at the — of the year, anno, 
exeu nte, finito ja m an no). 

explain, v.tr. exponere, expedire, explanare, 
explicare, interpretari, apenrc, enodare, illus- 
trare. explanation, n. explicatio, explanatio, 
interpretatio, enodatio. explanatory, adj. 
use verb. 

explicit, adj. apertus, dihtcidus, definitus. 
Adv. dilucide, plane, diserte, definite. 

explode, I. v.intr. (di)rumpi. II. v.tr. 
(di)rumpere, refelUre, confutare, refutarc (an 
opinion), explosion, n. \Jragor, crepitus, -Us. 

export, v.tr. txportare (opp. importare). 
exportation, n. exportatio. exports, n. 
mcrces (quae exportanlur). 

expose, v.tr. 1, exponere ; — a child, in- 
fantem exponere; — to anything, opponere, 
ol{j)icere, offcrrc old rei ; 2, = to lay open, 
dctcycre (e.g. latentem culpam) ; 3, — make bare, 
nndare. exposition, n. crpositio ; see Ex- 
planation, exposure, n. by verb. 

expound, v.tr. see Explain. 

express, I. v.tr. expriiacre, signifieare, de- 
(Harare, demonstrarr, verbis consequi, rsequi ; — 
oneself, loqui, dicers. II. adj. 1, = Exact ; 2, 
= quick, celer. Adv. his ipsis verbis, expres- 
sion, n. ], verbum, sententia, vocabulum, dictum, 
vox; 2, of the features, etc., vultus, -Us, argutiae 
(= animation) ; void of — , languens, languidus 
(as in the countenance, the voice, etc.). expres- 
sive, adj. signijicmis, gravis (= with strength, of 
a speaker); by vis (e.g. it is most — , vim hahet 
nwgnam). Adv. si qui ficn ntcr (Quint.), plane, 
diserte. expressiveness, n. argutiae (— 
lively — , of lace, etc.), gmvitas (= — of speech). 

expunge, v.tr. delire, inducers, (e)radere 
(Tac.). 

expurgate, v.tr. (ex)purgare. expurga- 
tion, n. (ex)purgatto (= freeing from blame). 

exquisite, adj. erquisitus, conquteUvs, egre- 
i-/'"?, venvstus; — tortures, suppltcia exquisita, 
pv.lcher. Adv. exquisite, egregie, pUlchre, venuste. 

extant, adj., to be -- - (supefstiiem) cs^c, 
ex stars, ex(s)iste; ?. 

extemporary, adj. sulitifs, stibitus ct for- 
'.Us; power of — speaking, ex tempore dicer di 
fu&aiae. 

extend, I. v.tr. = stretch out, enlarge, 
extender?, distendire, augerre, prof .-'.in- 

care. II. v.intr. patcre, extendi, disUndi, etc. 
extension, n. mntetfa (e.g. dtgUanltiO, pro- 
doStf, pfcTatid, froyigmo. exfensfiVo, a^j. 



mw/nus, ampins, late patens, lotus. Adv. late. 
extent, n. ambitus, -us, spatium, circuitus, -us; 
to have a wide — , latius putere. 

extenuate, v.tr. attenuare, cxlenuare (opp. 
to amplificare) ; — guilt, (mlpam, etc.) levare, 
mitigare. extenuation, n. extenuatio, levatio, 
mitigatio. 

exterior, I. adj. see External. II. n. 
fades, forma, species, figura. 

exterminate, v.tr. ad unum interficere, in- 
terimere (— kill), eradieare, ex(s)tirpare (= root 
out). 

external, adj. externus, exterior ; — advan- 
tages, bona externa, bona corporis. Adv. extrin- 
secus. 

extinct, adj. exstinctus, obsoletus. 

extinguish, v.tr. — a fire-, ex(s)tingucre, 
restinguire, compescere, delere (= blot out). 

extirpate, v.tr. ex(s)tirpare ; see Exter- 
minate. 

extol, v.tr. augers, ornare, laudibus (ef)ferre, 
cxtollere, rerbis efferre. 

extort, v.tr. exprimere alci cdqd or abjd 
ab alqo, expugnare alqd edei, alqd expilare, aid 
alqd extorgucre. extortion, n. res repetundae. 
extortionate, adj. rapar, avarus. Adv. 
avare. extortioner, n. i mmod id fe nor is ex- 
actor. 

extra, adv. praeterea. 

extract, I. v.tr. 1, extrahere, (ep-ellere; 2, = 
to make an extract, exesrpert ; 3, = to press out, 
exprimere. II. n. 1, = — of a book, excerptiq 
(Hell.), quod excerptum est; 2,= — of a plant, 
etc., silcvs qui expressus est, quod expressum est. 
extraction, n. as to origin, origo. 'genus, -eris, 
II, ; of good — , honesto loco orlus, honesto generc 
(natus); of poor — , tenui loco ortus, humili or 
ignobili loco natus. 

extraneous, adj. see External. 

extraordinary, adj. extraordinarius, inu- 
sitatus, insolitus, insolens, novus inauditus, in- 
credibilis, minis, insignis, sununus. Adv. extra 
ordinem, praeter morem or consuetudinem, ir.- 
crcdibilitcr, mire, mirifice. 

extravagant, adj. 1, = lavish, prodigus, 
effusus, sumptuosus; 2, = excessive, immodcra- 
tns, invniodicus; 3, = foolish, iasidsus. Adv. 
prodigc, effuse, sumptuose, immoderate, immodicc, 
'extravagance, n. 1, prodigentia 
(Tac-.), sumptus, -Us (profvsus) ; 2, intemperantia, 
immoderatio ; 3, insulse factum. 

extreme, adj. extremus (= farthest), ulHvma 

(= last), summus (= highest) ; — part, pars extre- 
me ; the — price, summum pretium ; to come into 
— danger, in ultimuni d iscrimen culduci ; to go to 
— s. iinduni excedcre (so cul extremum per rent urn 
est, ventum jam adfinem, est, res est ad extrcmum 
perducta casum). Adv. summe, summopcrc, quam 
or vel maxims, or by superl. (e.g. —good, op- 
timus). extremity, n. 1, = furthest part, ex- 
tremus, with n. ; 2,— top, cacumen, vertex, fas- 
tigium, extremitas ; of the body, extremae partes ; 
3, — distress, etc., by special word (e.g. inopia 
= ]->overtv), with summus. or extre.mn^ -arum-, pi. ; 
to be brought t'o — s, in exSrmum diicrimen ad- 
ductum esse. 

extricate, v.tr. see Rele.^ss. 

extrude, v.tr. ertrudSre) dxpellere, e(j)icerc, 
comb, extruders ct e(j)lcere. extrusion, n. ex- 
pvZsio ; see Expel. 

exuberant, adj. tiixilriosus, W.t'is ; of stylr, 
reditndans; to bo -, exuderara (eg. pomts, Jolt- 
orum luxUrico. etc.). Ad\'. -bcrthr., IvXurUJse, 
e'sub^raaic'3, n. ■Sicrt-M, fi&frta. 



•exu 



G91 



fal 



exude, v.intv. (cx)sudare. 

exuleerate, v.tr. exulcerarc. 

exult, v.iutr. exsuliare, gestire, comb, exsul- 
tare et gestirc, lactitid efferri, laetari, gloriari. 
exultant, adj. laetus.' Adv. lacte. exulta- 
tion, u. laetatio. 

eye, I. n. oculus, t ocellus, t lumen (dirain.), = 
siyht, conspectus, -us (e.g. before the — s, in con- 
spectus), = keen sight, acies; blear-eyed, li2ipus ; 

— in trees, etc., oculus, gemma; bull's , use 

medius (e.g. scopum medium Jerire, = hittlic — ); 

— in peacock's tail, oculus ; mind's — , acies or 
cculus mentis. II. v.tr. a(d)spiccre, contemplari ; 

— askance, oculis limit a(d)spiccre. eye-ball, 
n. pupula, papilla. eye-brow, ll. superciliiun. 
eye-It'. h, n. pili pupillas tegentes. eye-lid, 
n. pulpebra (usu. pi.), eyesight, n. acies, 
oculus. eyesore, n. res foeda or tetra; see 
Ugly, eye-witness, n. testis, m. and 1 ; I 
was au — , ipse vidi. 



F. 

fable, a. 1, fabula (usu. with ficia or eompo- 
sita or commenticia); 2, = untruth, commentum, 
mendacium. fabulous, adj. fabulosus, ficlus, 
commenticius,falsus, comb, fictus et commenlicius. 

fa ic, n. 1, of carpenters, and in gen., 
fabrica ; of weavers, textum, textile; 2, = struc- 
ture, aedificium. fabricate, v.tr. fabricari, 
texere, conficere. fabrication, n. 1, = making, 
fabriaUio; 2, = falsehood; see Fable, - J. 
fabricator, n. opifcx, fabricator (always with 
gen.), artifex, textor ; = inventor, doctor. 

face, I. n. fades (= the front of the head), 
vultus, -its (=the countenance), os, oris (properly, 
= the mouth), comb, os vuUusque or os et vultus; 
frons, -ntis, f. (= the forehead) ; — to — , corawi ; 
to make — s, os (dis)torquere. II. v.tr. and intr. 
1, = be opposite, ad alqd spectare ; 2,= to cover, 
aiqd alqd re or alci inducers; 3, = encounter, 
alci obciam ire; 4, — about, signa convertere. 
facial, adj. quodadfaciempertinet. 

facetious, adj. jocosus, jocularis, lepidus, fa- 
cet us. Adv. jocose, lepide, facete. facctious- 
ness, ii. lepos, -oris, facetiae, or by sal 

facilitate, v.tr. alcjs rei expedite, facility, 
h. facilitas ; with — , facile, nullo ncgotio. 

facing, prep, contra alqd, ex adverse rei. 

facsimile, n. descriplio imagoque (e.g. 
lit(t)crarum). 

fact, n. 7 - cs, factum; that is a — , 7ioc certo 
auctore comperi ; in — , reapse, etenim, enim or 
quidem (enclit.), sane, profecto. 

faction, n. factio. factious, adj. factiosus, 
partium studiosus, turbulentus, seditiosus. Adv. 
seditiose. factiousness, n. facdo. 

factitious, adj. see False. 

factor, n. negotiorum (pro)curatop. 

factory, tl fabrica, ojficina ; — hands, operac. 

faculty, n. ingenium ( = natural talent), 
comb, animus ingeniumqUe ; so/(l)erlia( = skill), 
faeultas, e.g. dicendi (also poetica facultas). 
■ fade, v.intr. evanescere, t pallescere, marces- 
cere, faded, adj. see Pale, fading, I. n. 
colorU mutatio. II. adj. cadveus. 

fagot, n. fascis, -is, m., sarmentd, -orum, pi. 

fail, I. v.intr. 1, = to fall or come short of, 
non jerire ; 2, = to err or to do wrong, errare, 
labi, peccare, peccatum, admittere (— to sin), de- 
UtoQuere; 3, = to fall short, alci deesse, deficere; 
4, = — in. a lawsuit, cadere; 5. = be, bank- 
rupt, fcro cedixi. II. n. e.g. without — , by chrco. 



oinniiw. failing, n. error, peccatum, delictum. 
failure, n. defect io (e.g. virium), ruinac or nau- 
fragium fortunarum, or use verb. 

fain, adv. libenter (lub-), by a participle, as 
volens ; I would — believe that, hoc credere volu- 
crim (vellcm). 

faint, I. adj. languidus, use sensu carSreit 
unconsciousness be implied. II. v.iutr. 1, = 
swoon, fcollabi, animus ubpn relinqu.it; 2, — 
be weary, languors, faint-bear ted, adj. 
timidus. faintness, n. 1, languor; 2, by verb. 

fair, I. adj. 1, = beautiful, pulcher, venustus; 
the — sex, semis, -its, mulicbris ; 2, of weather, 
sercnus ; of wuid or tide, secundum; 3, oj>p. to 
dark, candidus ; 4, morally, aequus, integer; 5, 
=z moderately good, mediocris. Adv. aequc, 
mediocritcr, haud ita multum. II, u.nundinae, 
mercatus, -iis. fairness, n. 1, pulchritudo, 
venustas; 2, serenitas ; 3, aequitas, integritas ; 
4, mediocritas. 

fairy, n. = — of the stream, nympha; = — 
of the tree, dryas (usu. pi. dryades); = — of the 
wood, faunus. 

faith, n. 1, = fidelity, Jidelitas, fides, pietas 
( = discharge of duty towards God, parents, 
etc.) ; 2, = belief, opinio, persuasio, fides ; 
to have — in, alci credere ; 3, see Religion ; 
4. as exclamation, nae, Hercle, medius fidius. 
faithful, adj.fidelis, ridus(e.g. in sua sententid). 
Adv. fidditer. faithfulness, u. Jidelitas, fides, 
constantia. faithless, adj. perfidus, perfidiosus, 
infidelis, infidus. Adv. perjide, perfidiose, infi- 
deliter. faithlessness, n. perfidiu, infidelitas. 

falchion, u. -facinaces, -is, in. 

fall, I. v.intr. cadere, deciders, delabi, de- 
fiuere; to — away, desert, or abandon, deficcre, 
ab alqo desciscere, alqm deserere ; to — in battle, 
in acic cctdere; — by ambush or snares, per in- 
sidias interfici; =^todie, mori,perirej = to be cap- 
tured, aput/uari, delcri; to — out (= disagree), 
dissent ire; to — on, in alqm invailere, irru&re; 
to — into a person's arms, ruere in alcjs am- 
plexus; to — into suspicion, suspicio cadit in 
uhpn ; — to sink, delabi, desidcrc; of the wind, 
cadere, eoncidere ; of the voice, cadere ; = in 
price, cadere res fit vilior; — of an army, pedem 
referre ; — at the feet of, se ad pedes alcjs pro- 
(j)iccrs ; — in with, in alqm inculere; — in love 
with, amare. II. n. 1, aisus, -ils, lapsus, -us, 
ruina, labes, -is ; 2, = ruin, ruina, excidium; a 
— from rank or dignity, dignitas amissa, gratia 
principis amissa; 3, = the lessening of a height 
or level of a fluid body, deccssus, -us, rccessus, 
-us; 4, = lessening, derninutio. 

fallacy, n. error, fallacia, vitium, captio. 
fallacious, adj. fallax, vanus, fucosus, falsus, 
vitiosus. Adv. fallaciter, J'also. fallible, adj. 
qui errare potest. 

fallow, adj. the field lies — , ager cessat, 
quiescit, (re)qu.iescit, cultu, vacat. fallow soil, 
n. novalis or novate, vervadum. 

false, adj. 1,= not genuine, /a/sus(opp. verus), 
subditus, supposilus ( = forged), alienus ( = under 
another name, e.g. libellum sub alieno nomine 
ederc), simulcitiis ( = pretended), fucatus. fucosus 
( = having a fair exterior, opp. sincenCs,probv.s), 
fallax(=. deceptive), mC(Uio.r( = lying); — teeth, 
i dentes empti; a — note, dissonum quiddam; 2, 
= treacherous, perfidus, idolosus, fraudukriu's ; 
a — oathj perjurium; to swear — ,]Krjurare, 
pejerare. Adv. /also, fdllaciter, simulate, per- 
peram, perfide, J'raudulenter. falsehood, n. 
mendacium, commentum, j'alsum. falseness, 
n. fallacia, dolus, perfidia. falsify, v.tr. viti- 
ate, corrumpere, ad.uUtran (e.g. nummos, ge>a- 
mis), iiiterpola're', depravare, iabutys inierjvlare 
( = to eras6 s'o'me letters and, substitute others). 



fal 



692 



fat 



tabulas interlinire ( = to erase or to put out 
letters), falsification, n. use verb. 

falter, v.intr. huesitare, hacrcre, tihtbare. 
Adv. tilubunter, timide. 

fame, n. laus, gloria, claritas, fnma. fam- 
ous, adj. cekbratus, (prae)chirus, illustris. Adv. 
(prueyhtre, bi:ne (— well). 

familiar, ad,). 1, familiaris ; not us = a 
bosom friend, homo intimus, homo quo alqs 
intime utitur; amicus conjunctissimus ; 2, = 
acquainted with, alcjs rei sciens, gnarus, non 
ignarus, peritus, non expers ; — with a language, 
linguam bene nosse, linguam intellegere; — 
with danger, in periculis versatum esse. Adv. 
familiariter. familiarity, n. familiar Has, 
familiaris or intivia amicitia. 

family, I, n. 1, familia (orig. = the slaves in 
a house), domus, -us; 2, = race or clan, gens, 
also genus and familia ( = a branch of a (tens, thus 
the gens Cornelia comprised the families of the 
Scipios and Lentuli), cognatio, stirps, propimqui; 
of good — , nvbilis, nobili genere or nobili loco 
natus, baud obscuro loco natus, honestu loco natus; 
gentilis, gentilicius ( = belonging to a <7e;ts), 
familiaris ( = belonging to a familia), domes- 
ticus ( = belonging to the house). II, adj. pri- 
vatus (opi>. to publicus), intestinus ( = in the 
interior of the — (opp. to externus). 

famine, n. fames, -is, inopia et fames. 
famish, I. v.tr. alqm fame enccare, conftcere. 
II. v.intr. fame mori, confici, absumi or peri re 
or interire. 

fan, I. n. 1, = an agricultural instrument, 
vannvs, f. ventilabrum(Col.); 2, = a toy used by 
ladies, flab'llum. II. v.tr. 1, evannarc, ventil- 
are ; 2,ftabello uti. 

fanatic, adj. fanaticus. fanaticism, n. 

animus fanaticus, or superstilionibus dedilus. 

fancy, I. n. opinio (falsa); as a faculty, 
cogitatio ; a mere — , somnium; according to — 
(= liking), ex libidine (lub-) ; a glowing — , fer- 
vidnm ingenium, color et impel vs ; to belong to 

— and not to fact, opinionis esse, non- naturae ; 

— merely, falsus, fictus. II. v.tr. cogitatlone 
sibi alqd depingere, in opiaione esse, opinari, 
alqd finger e ; I — I am ill, cegrotare mihi oideor; 
•what is fancied, opinatus ; what may be — , 
cpinabilis. fanciful, adj. 1, = imaginative, 
facilis et copiosus, or sumnw ingenio praeditrus ; 
2, mnrosus ( = captious). Adv. morose. 

fang, n. dens, in. fanged, adj. dentatus. 
fangless, adj. sine dentibus. 

far, adv. procnl, long* ( = to a great distance, 
e.g. long? videre, prospicire), e longinquo (=from 
afar), eminus (opp. comminus) ; to be — , procul 
or longe abesse; — be it ! di meliora (scil. dent) ; 
so — is it that, etc., tantum abest vt ; to go too 
— , modum exeedrre ; as — as, quatenus, quantum, 

quod (e.g. quod suam); so — , hactenu-i ; 

fetched, longe repetitus. farther, adv. longius, 
idtra. 

farce, n. mimus, fabvla Atcllana. farcical, 

adj. mimicus, ridiculus, scurrilis. Adv. ridicule. 

f~re, I. v.intr. 1, se hah' re; — well, bene, 
commode, rede mitre, bene, belle se habere, bond 
valetudinc uti ; 2, to — well, lavte vivere. II. n. 
1, cibus potusque (potvs, -vs), victus, -us; poor 
— , tenuis virtu,; good — , lautns virtus; 2, = 
money paid for journey, vectura (ante, aud post 
class.); 3, see Fassf,ngi:r. farewell! interj. 
are! areto .' avete ! vale! vxdete! to bid — , saivere 
or valb-e alqmjubcre ; a hearty — , multam salutem 
alci dicere. 

farinaceous, adi- farinaccus. 

farm, I. n. ager, fundus, pruedium ; belong- 
ing to a — , dgrarius. II, v.tr. 1, = till, arare, 



cole re ; 2, = let out on contract, (e)locare (alqd 
faciendum'.), opp. to conducive, farm-work, 
n. aratio, opus rusticum, agricvltura, agrorum 
cidtus, -us. farmer, n. 1, agricola, under; 2, 
= — of the revenues, publicaivus, in gen. redemp- 
tor. farming, n. 1, agricultura (or as two 
words) cultus, -Us, agrorum, res rustieae; 2, 
redemplio, conduct io. 

farrago, n. farrago. 

farrier, n. (faber ferrarius) qui equis solcas 
ferreas suppingit (= one who shoes horses), 
medicus equarius (late = horse-doctor). 

farrow, I. n. fetus, -iis. II. v.tr. fctum 
edere. 

farthing, n. quadrans, teruncius ; I do not 
care a — for, baud flocci facto. 

fascinate, v.tr. \fascinare ( = — by the 
look, e.g. agnos), ienere, cape>e(fig.). fascina- 
tion, n. 1, lit. fuscinum, fascinatio (Plin.) ; 2, 
fig. blanditiae, dulcedo. 

fashion, I. n. mas (as custom, e.g. mos vestis), 
ritiis,-us(e.g. afterthe — of men, homimmi rim), 
habitus, -us, oriiatus, -us; a new — , habitus 
novus ; to be in the — (of things), maris esse, usu 
receptum esse. II. v.tr. see Makk. fashion- 
able, adj. clegans, quod maris est. Adv. tie- 
ganter. 

fast, I. adj. 1, — quick, celer, citus, properui, 
properans, festinans, citutus, incitatus, relax, per- 
nix ( = brisk), alacer( — alive, energetic, opp. Ian- 
guidus), agilis ( = in movement), promptus ( = 
ready), rapidus ; 2, = fixed or firm, firmus, 
stabilis ; to hold — , tcnere, retinere ; to stick — , 
adhaerere alci rei or ad alqd or in alqd re; to 
make — ,firmare, stabilire. II. adv. citato gradu, 
celeriter, rapide, prompte, firme, mordicus (collo- 
quial). Hi, v.intr. cibo abstinere. IV. n. jeja- 
■hium, inedia. fasten, v.tr. (af)figire ad alqd 
or alci rei ; see Tie, Bin'p ; — together, configere, 
con(ii)ectire, conjungere. fastening, n. vincu- 
lum, compages, -is, f. (= fitting together), clans- 
tea, -orum, pi. ( = bars), pessulus, repagula, 
-orum (= bolt), faster J interj. propera ! 

fastidious, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus, mollis. 
Adv. fastidiose, delicate, molliter. 

fat, I. adj. pinguis (opp. macer), opimus (= 
full, rich, opp. gracilis or sterilis, of a field), obc- 
sus(= filled up. opp. gracilis), nitidus(= shining), 
suginatus (= fed up), adipatus (= supplied with 
gnase), lucvlentus (= productive, e.g. munus). 
II. n. \_pingue,adeps,sebum(sevum); to live on the 

— fif the land, delicatissimis cibis uti. fatten, 
v.tr. saginare, farcire. fatted, adj. saginatut, 
alplis. fatness, n. obesitus (Suet.), pingui- 
tudo (ante and post class.), fatty, adj. pinguis. 

fate, n. fatum, neeessitas, sors (= one's lot); 
the— s, Parcae. fated, adj. t fatalis, jfatifer, 
funcstus, mortiferfuB). Adv. funeste, fata or fata- 
liter (= by fate), fatalism, fatalist, n. use 
fatum (e.g. omnia fato fieri credere, to be a—). 
fatality, n. 1, = power of fate, fatum; 2, 
= accident, casus, -■fi-s. 

father, I. n. pater, parens, t genitor, \sator; 

— and mother, pa rentes ; the — e,patres(_= fore- 
fathers, senators). II. v.tr. — upon, alqd alri, 
trihu.'re. fatherhood, n. * paterniias (eccl.), 
or by pater (".g. he learns it by his — , hoc cum 
pater fit, turn discit). father-in-law, n. socer. 
fatherless, adj. orbus. fatherly, adj. 
paternus. 

fathom, I. n. ulna, II. v.tr. raptor-are. 

fatigue, I. li. (de)fatigatio, lassitudo, defectio 
virium, II. v.tr. (de)fatigare. fatigued, adj. 
fessus, (de)futigatus, defessus, lassus, lussitudinc 
confectus. 

fatuous, adj. futuus, ineptus, injicetus (iit- 



fau 



693 



fern 



facctus), ifisulsus. Adv. inepte, inficete, insulse, 
stult'. fatuity, n. inepliae, stulti'tia, insulsitas, 
futuitas (rare). 

fault, n. 1, = wrong-doing, vitium, peccatum, 
culpa, delictum; 2, = blame, reprchensio (opp. 
probatiu), vituperatio (opp. laus) ; find — with, 
accitsare, reprekendere. faultiness, n. pravitas ; 
Bee Fault, 2. faultless, adj. innpeens, eme-n- 
datus. Adv. innocent er, emendate, faultless 
ness, i). inn.oceii.tia. faulty, adj. mendosus, 
vitiosus (in gen.), pravus (morally). Adv. men- 
dose, vitiose, prave. 

favour, I. v.intr. alci or alci reifavere, alcjs 
rebus or part Hi us favere(— to be of his party), alci 
indulglre (•— to consult a person's wishes), alci 
propitium esse ( — to be favourable or well-dis- 
poseu, used generally of the goda),alci studere, alcjs 
esse stud iosum (= to beattached to), juvare, adju- 
wire (= to assist), esse alci ailjumento, afferre alci 
adjumentum (= to give aid), alqm fovere, susiinere 
ac fovere, gratia et auctorltate sua sustentare (= to 
support with your influence), suffragari alci (= 
to vote for or recommend), gratiosus alci or apud 
aty»i(= e.g. to stand in favour with someone). II. 
n. 1, = goodwill, favor, gratia, voluntas, studium, 
benevolent m (f)eniv-) ; by your — , pace hut; 2, 
= benalit, beneficium, gratia, favourable, adj. 
1, = inclined to, propitius (of the gods), amicus, 
benigiius; 2, = advantageous, commodus, pros- 
perns; of wind or tide, secundus. Adv. amice, 
benigne, commode, prospere. favourer, n. fau- 
tor. favourite, I.n. deliciae( = pet); tobs a — 
with, npud alqm gratia valere, gratiosum esse. II. 
adj. gratiosus, gratus, acceptus. favouritism, 
n. gratia (= influence) or circumloc. (e.g. he 
showed his — to Gains, Gaio se nimi-s indulgen- 
tern pracbuit). 

fawn, I. n. hinnuleus. II. v.tr. — on, fig. 
alqm adulari, alci blandiri. fawning, n. 
adulatio. Adv. blande. 

fealty, u. fides, fidelltas ; to swear — to, in 
verba alcjs jurare. 

fear, I.n. met us, -iis, timor, verecundia(o{ wha.t 
is wrong), terror(= sudden fear), pavor, trepidatio 
(— trembling), horror, formido, timiditas, ignavia 
(= cowurdice). II. v.tr. alqmmetuere, timcre, ve- 
reri(= reverence), extimescere, pertimescere. fear- 
ful, adj. 1, = afraid, timidus, trepidus, ignavus, 
pavidus, verecundus ; 2, = dreadful, metuendus, 
dirus, horribilis, terribilis, formidulosus (for- 
mido!-). Adv. timide, ignave, pavkle, verecunde, 
dire, trepide, formidulose. fearless, adj. metu 
vacuus OTsolutus, impavidus, intrepidus ; — as to, 
securus de alqd re (e.g. bello). Adv. sine metu, sine 
timore, impavide, intrepide. fearlessness, n. 
see Courage. 

feasible, adj. quod fieri or effici potest. 
feasibility, n. potestas or fuctdtas alcjs rei 
faciendae. 

feast, I. n. 1, = holy day, dies festus, 
dies' so'.(l)emnis, dies ferlatus, \festum; 2, = 
a bountiful meal, convivium, epulum, epulac, 
daps. II. v.intr. 1, lit. epulari ; 2, tig. — on, 
alqd re pasci (both in good and bad sense). 

feat, n. /acinus, -oris, n., factum, res mira, res 

dijjicilis. 

feather, I. n. penna (pinna), pluma ( = 
down). II. v.tr. — one's nest, ns tuaaaugere; 
one who lias — ed his nest, bene peculiatus. 
feather-bed, n. euicita plumea. feathery, 
adj. \phimeus, f plumosus. 

feature, n. 1, of the face, lineamentum, 

ductus, -iis, or habitus, -iis, os, oris ; the — s, vul- 
tits, -us, os, oris, n. ; 2, = peculiarity, proprietas, 
quod proprium est; it is a — of anyone, alcjs est. 
febrile, adj. febricolosus. 



February, n. (mensis) Februariut. 

fecund, adj. feeundus. fecundate, v.tr. 
i fecundarc. fecundity, n. Jtcuiulitas, fertil- 
itas. 

federate, federal, adj. foederatus, foedere 
junctus, foedere sociatus. 

fee, I. n. merces, -idis, f., honos (honor). II. 

v.tr. alci mercederin dare. 

feeble, adj. imbecillus, tenuis, infinnus, in- 
iHtlidus, languidus, debilis ; of Bight, etc., lubes. 
Adv. infirme, imbecille (rare), languide. feeble- 
ness, n. imbecillitas,debilitas,injir,nitas, languor. 

feed, I. v.tr. 1, cibum praebere alci, cibare 
(of animals) (Col.), pabnduvi dare alci (oxen, 
etc.), alere (= to nourish), pascere (= to pasture, 
e.g. sues, greges) ; 2, fig. alere; 3, of rivers, 
etc., in mare, etc., infiuere. II. v.intr. see Eat, 
Graze, feeder, n. 1, gut ares, etc., alit ; 
2, = eater, qui edit ; 3, = a river, (rivus) qui in 
mare infiuit. 

feel, I. v.tr. 1, physically, = touch, tungere, 
tentare, alqd re affici ; 2, mentally, sentire, 
percipere, concipere, intellegere, capere, alqd re 
afiici; — joy, laetari ; — pain, dolere. II. 
v.intr. 1, = appears (by touch, etc.), esse videri 
or esse ; 2, = be, by special verb (e.g. — glad, 
laetari; —thirsty, sitire; — for, alcjs misereri). 
feeler, n. crinis, corniculum(P\\n.). feeling, 
I. n. sensus, -iis (— sensibility), animus (mental) ; 
the power or method of — , sentiendi ratio; tactus, 
■ us (=the touch), gustatus, -iis( = taste), ju/licium 
(— power of judging), conscientia (= conscious- 
ness), affectus,-us (= the permanent condition of 
— ); tender moral — , pudor ; thankful — , gratus 
animus, pietas ; humane — , humanitas /joyous — , 
laetitia; — for truth, veritatis studium; — 
for the beautiful, elegantia. II. adj. hunuiniis, 
humanitatis plenus, multum humanitutis habens, 
humanitatis sensu praeditus, miserkors. Adv. 
m iserabiliter, magna cum misertcordUL 

feign, v.tr. jingere, simulare, dissimulate (e.g. 
that a thing is not). feigned, adj. fictus, 
simulatus. Adv. fide, simulate, feint, n. Sfe 
Pretence. 

felicitate, v.tr. gratulari alci alqd or de 
alqd re. felicitation, n. gratulatio. feli- 
city, felicitousness, n. 1, vitabeata, beatum, 
beate vivere ; 2, = appropriateness, proprietas. 
felicitous, adj. 1, = happy, felix, beatus ; 2, 
= appropriate, aptus. Adv. feliciter, beate, apte. 

fell, v.tr. 1, of timber, caedere, excidire; 2, 
= knock down, (con)sternlre. 

fell, n. clivus ( = hill). 

fell, adj. crvdelis, saevus. 

fellow, n. = associate, socius, comes, -itis, m. 
and f., soilalis, m. and f. ; a good — , homo fes- 
tivus or lepidus ; a bad — •, homo dissolutu3 ; a 
trumpery — , homuncio, homunculus. fellow- 
oitizen, n. civis, municeps. fellow-coun- 
tryman, n. civis. fellow-feeling, n. so- 
cietas (e.g. aegritudinis, = in sorrow, etc.). 
fellow-heir, n. coheres, -edis, m. and f. fel- 
low-servant.n. conservus. fellow- soldier, 
n. commilito. fellowship, n. sneietas ; — in 
plans, societas consiliorum; collegium ( — & cor- 
poration, e.g. of merchants, artisans, priests); 
to take into — , alqm in collegium cooptare ; 
in a university, socius (e.g. to get a — , socium 
a(d)scribi): human — , societas humana, societas 
hominum ; good — , comitas. 

felon, n. see Criminal. 

female, I. adj. muliebris, femineus fin fem. 

also femina); — sex, sexus, -Us, muliebris ov 
femineus. II. n. femina, mulier. feminine, 
adj. 1, = Female; 2, Gram. t.t. femininus. 



fen 



094 



fil 



fen, n. terra uliginosa, loca, -orum, uliginosa 
or patustria, pahts, -iidis, f., uligo. fenny, adj. 
ttliginosus, palusler. 

fence, I. n. saepes, -is, saepimentum, (con)- 
saeptum (usu. pi.). II. v.tr. 1, = hedge in, sae- 
yire, saepto circumdart ; 2, = to light in fencing, 
armis uti,batuere. fencer, n. gladiator; a 
g 1 — , armorum peritissimius ; to bo a good—, 
armia optime uti. fencing, u. ars gladii, «-s 
gladiatoria; skilled in — , armorum peritns; a 
— master, laaista, m. ; — school, Indus. 

ferment, I. n. 1, lit. fermentum : 2, fig. 
tumor, fervor, aestus, -its. II. v.tr. * fermentare. 
III. v.intr. 1, 'fermentari, fervere, 'fermentcs- 
cere ; 2, fig. fervere, tumcre, turgescire. 

fern, n. /i/ix. 

ferocious, adj. ferox; see Fierce. 

ferret, n. viverra (Plin.). 

ferruginous, adj. ferrugineus (= iron- 
coloured), ferratus(= holding or tasting of iron, 
scil. aquae (Sen.)). 

ferry, I. n. trajeetus, -us; boat, scapha; 

— -man, porlitor ; the charge of — , jiortorium. 
IT. v.tr. tra(J)icere, transmittere. 

fertile, adj. ferox, fecundus, fertilis, opiums, 
uh r (= rich), comb, iihcr et fertilis, fecundus el 
uber, fetus, fertility, n. f< rtilitas, ubertas, 
fecunditas, copia. 

ferule, n. ferula (= a reed or staff). 

fervent, fervid, adj. fervidus (= glowing, 
e.g. pars mundi) ; iig. animus, ferrens (= heated, 
hot, e.g. rota, aqua), ardens, flagman; to make 
— , ferrefacere ; to be — , fervere. Adv. fervide, 
ardenter, ferventer. fervoncy, fervour, n. 
fervor (e.g. ocrnni, or tig. aetatls). 

festival, n. dies festvs, die* sol(l)eiMii$, sol- 
(lymue, hiiaritas. festive, adj. hilaris, festus, 
festirus (ante and post class.). Adv. Uilariter, 
hilare, festive, festivity, n. 1, = Festival; 
9 — mirth, festivitas, Mlaritas. festoon, n. 
serta, -orum. 

fetch, v.tr. afferre, amportarc,adducere,arces- 
&' s (= to send for), advehere; — breath, spirare, 
.<_/ Iritum ducire. 

fetid, adj. teter, gravcolens, foetulvs, putidus. 
fetidness, n. foetor. 

fetter, I. n. 1, ampes, -idis, (., pedica, 
vinculum (= chain) ; 2, Og. vinculo, -'-num. 
II. v.tr. 1, vinculo alci in\j)icere, aid com- 
fiedes Indire; 2, fig. itnpedire. 

feud, n. = enmity, simultas; bellum (=public 
Avar) ; inimicitia (private), ri.ra (= quarrel). 

feud, n. = property held of a lord, *fiudum 
(Mediaeval Lat). feudal, adj. *feudalis. 

fever, n. febrit. feverish, adj. 1, febricu- 
losus (Geil.) ; 2, fig. (<-orn)motus, aniens. 

few, adj. pauci, rari ; very — , perpan -i ; 
sec Little. 

fiat, n. see Command. 

fib, n. mendaciuneulum (once in Cicero). 

fibre, n. fibv. fibrous, adj. by the gen. 
fib ■ . 

fickle, adj. inconstant, varians, varius, Kris, 

m Uabilis, comb, varius etmutabilis.mobil is (e.g. 

ingenium, animus, voluntas), fickleness, n. 

istaniia, levitas, mutabUitas, mobilttat, vari- 

etas, fictile, adj. ficW.lt. 

fiction, n. 1, (con)fictio (= the act); 2, res 
frt >, orfictum, falsum, fibula, commentwn. fic- 
titious, adj. commenticius ; see Fabulous. 

fiddl?, n. fides, -ium, pi. fiddler, n. 
fidicen. 

fidelity, n. fidelitas; see Faith. 



fidget, I. v.tr. see Disturb. II. v.intr. 
tpiiesdre non posse, fldgetty, adj. inqnictus. 

fie! interj. phui pro(K) (with nom. oraccus.). 

field, n. 1, = a plain, campus; 2, = a piece 
of land, ager, or pi. agri, arvum, or pi. arva ; 
seges, -ctis, f. (= a sowed field); prutum (= 
meadow); relating to — , agrarius; 3, fig in 
relation to'.in army, to be in the — , militiue 
esse (opp. domi), in cast ris esse, bellum gerere; to 
take the — against, arma cape re or ferre adversus 
alqm : in gen. — of history, etc., by special noun 
(e.g. historin), but locus and area are used in this 
sense, field-day, n. dies quo militeslustrantur, 
field-piece, n. tormentnm (bellicum). 

fiend, n. * diabolus (Eccl.). fiendish, 
adj. * diabolicus, nefandus, foedus, immanis, 
crudelis, fcrox, atrox. Adv. nefande, foede. 
fi ondifihncss, n. (sumtna) ferocitas. 

fierce, adj. ferox, ferus, saevus, atrox, t h •■•', 
\ truculenlus, immanis. Adv. ferociler, saeve, 
atrociter, immune, immaniter. fierceness, n. 
ferocitas, atrocitas, saevitia, immanitas. 

fiery, adj. 1, lit. igneus, f ignifer, flammeus* 
ardens, fervens, fervidus; 2, fig. see Fierce, 
Impetuous. 

fife, n. tibia, fifer, n. tibieen. 

fifteen, adj. quindecim; — apiece, quint 
<' li ; — times, quindecie(n)s. fifteenth, adj. 
tpiintus decimus. fifth, adj. quintus. fifty, 
adj. quinquaginta ; — apiece, quinquag'eni. 
fiftieth, adj. quinquagesimus. 

fig, n. 1, the tree, ficus, f. ; 2, the fruit, fieus; 
dried — , Cortes, Cauneae; 3, not to care a — 
for, 7io;i flood facere. 

fight, I. n. pugna, certamen : — with the 
fist, pugilatus, -us, pugilatio. II. v.intr. (de)pug- 
vare, dimicare, proeliari, digladiari, bellare. 
fighter, ii. pugnator, gladiator, proeliator. 

figment, n. see Fiction. 

figure, I. n. 1, = form or shape, figura, forma, 
species, fades, statura (= the stature), habitus, 
■Ut(fiorporis, =the natural bearing, opp. cult us), 
conformatio; a beautiful — , dignitas corj ri.t, 
venustas; 2, = an image or representation, lit. 
schema, -at is, figura, fnrmo,imago; geometrical — s, 
formae geometricae, schemata gcometrica, descrip' 
tiones,-um; 3, fig. a — in rhetoric,/; ffwa (Quint.); 
rhetorical — s, orationis ornamenta, -orum, ver- 
borum exornatvmes, -urn; 4, =a cipher, lit(t)era ; 
5, = sculpture, signnm. II. v.tr. 1, = draw, 
describcre; 2, = Form; 3,= Imagine, figura- 
tive, adj. translatus. Adv. per translationem. 
figured, adj. sigillatus (pt cups(Cic), late of 
silk). 

filament, n. fibra (in bodies and plants). 

file, I. n. 1, lima (of smiths), scohina (of car-i 
penters); 2, of soldiers, ordo ; of the rank and 
Uites. II. v.tr. limarc, Hind polire. 
filings, n. scobis. 

filial, adj. plus (erga parentes). Adv. pie. 

fill, v.tr. 1, imptere (generally), explere (= to 
1111 up), complere (to make quite full), replere (= 
to fill again, or merely fill), supplere (=tosupply 
what is lacking), opjiere (=to fill so a.s to 
cover), refercire (= to stuff), cumulate alqd alqd 
re (= t<> heap up) ; 2, fig. (e.g. an office) alqd re 
fungi. 

fillet, n. fascia (fitsciola), rcdimiculum, mitella, 
villa (round the head as an ornament), infithi 
(iisecl by 1'iiests). 

filly, n. equula (ecula). 

film, n. 1, = thin skin, membrana; 2,= 
threadJiZwm ; 3, fig. = darkness, caligo,nubet, -is. 

filter, I. n. colum. II. v.tr. (per)colare\ 

■re. 



fll 



(395 



fla 



filth, n. 1, lit. sec Dirt ; 2, fig. impuritas; 
to utter — , foeda loqui ; see Obscenity, filthy, 
adj. 1, see Dirtv ; 2, impunis; see Obscene. 
Adv. 1, see Dirtv ; 2, impure, filthiness, n. 

squalor ; sec Filth. 

fin, n. pinna (Plin.). 

final, adj. iiltimus, extremits. Adv. ad ex- 
tremum, denique, postremo,' quod superest, restat, 
rel(l)iqunin'est. 

finances, n. 1, of a private person, res fa- 
Miliaria; see Income; 2, of a state, vectigalia, 
■turn, aerarium (= treasury), respublica (—the 
general pecuniary condition), financial, adj. 
ad vectigalia or aerarium pertinens. 

find, v.tr. 1, invenire, reperire; offendere (= to 
fall on), deprehendere in aiqd re (= to catch) ; he 
found admirers, erant or -non decrant qui cum 
admirarentur ; to — out, excogitare, explorare, ex- 
quirere ; 2, = to experience, experiri, or by special 
verb (e.g. death, perirer; — favour, gratiam con- 
ciliare). finder, n. inventor, repertor. 

fine, I. adj. 1, bellus, clegans; the — arts, artes 
liberates; see Beautiful; very — ! belle! pul- 
chre ! benedicis! benefacis! 2,= thin, tenuis, 
subtilis ; 3, = pure, pwrus ; 4, of weather, 
serenus, sudus. Adv. belle, elega titer, ten u iter, sub- 
tilitcr. Il.n. 1, = end, finis, in. (f. ante and post 
class., and poet, in sing.); in — , denique; 2, = 
penalty, multa. III. v.tr. multure, fineness, 
n. 1, eleganlia ; see Beauty ; 2, tenuitas, sub- 
tilitas; 3, serenitas. finery, n. lenociniumQn bad 
sense), mutulitia, apparatus, -us, lautitia. fin- 
esse, I. n. artificium. II. v.intr. artificiis uti. 

finger, I. n. digitus (also = a measure, e.g. 
quatuor diijitis longus, lotus, crassus), pollex (= the 
thumb) ; to count by the — s, in digilos digerere, 
digitis or per digitos numerare, digitis computare ; 
to turn round your — , nihil est tractibilius illo; 
to regard as the — of God, diviuitus alqd acci- 
disse putare. II. v.tr. tangere. 

finical, adj. putidus. Adv. putide. 

finish, I. v.tr. flnlre, ad exitum adducere, ad 

finem pcrducere, conficere, consummare, absolvere, 
perficere. Il.n. absolutio, perfect io, Zima(=polish, 
lit. = file), finished, adj. limatus (= polish- 
ed), dbsolutus, perfect us. finisher, n. confector, 
perfector. finishing, adj. — Final. 

finite, adj. finitus (= having an end), circum- 

soriptns (~ limited). Adv. finite, 

fir, n. abies, -etis, {., pinus. 

fire, I. n. 1, ignis, m., flamma, ardor, incen- 
dium, scintillae (= sparks), focus (= fireside) ; 2, 
~ conflagration, incendiutn ; to be on — , arderc, 
flagrare; to waste with — and sword, ferro ignique 
vastare ; to put out — , ignem reprimere, in- 
cendium restinguere ; to be between two s, 

lupum auribus tenere ; 3, fig. ignis, ardor; to 
set a person's mind on — , vehementius incendere 
alcjs animum; mental—, vis, vigor, impetus, -us, 
spiritus, -us, calor, ardor, feruor, all with animi; 

— of youth, juvenilis ardor; poetic — , impetus 
divinus; — of discourse, vis oral ion is ; to lie 
without — (of speakers), langucre, frigere; 4, = 

— of soldiers, teli conjectus, wis; to stand — , sub 
ictu esse ; to be out of — , extra teli conjectum esse. 
II. v.tr. bicendire. III. v.intr. incendi ; he 
readily fires up, natura ejus praeeeps est in iram. 
fire-arms, n. tormenta, -orum. firo-brand, 
n. 1, ton-is, in., fax (= torch) ; 2, fig. imitator 
et fax. fire-brigade, n. exoubiae nocturnae 
vigilesque adversus incendia iustituti (Suet..). 
fire-engine, n. sipho(n) (Plin. Min.). fire- 
escapo, n. sealae. fire-place, fire-side, n. 
caminus, focus. fire-WOad, 11. lignum (usu. 
pi.), fire-worshipper, n. qui ignem pro Deo 
veneratur. 



firm, adj. 1, firnvus, stabilis, solid us, immo- 
bilis, immotus ; 2, fig. constans, Jirmus. Adv. 
Jirme, sulidc, constantcr. firmness, II. firmitas, 
firmitudo (e.g. vocis, animi), obstinatio, sulitlitas 
(lit.), constantia, perseverantia. 

first, I. adj. primus, prior (pi two), princeps 
(= chief). II. Adv. primnm, primo. first- 
born, n. natu major (of two), maximus (of 
several). ■ first-fruits, n. primitiae. first- 
ling, n. primus geaitus. 

fiscal, adj. fiscalis (Jet.). 

fish, I. n. piscis, in., piscatus, -iis (collec- 
tively) ; — of the sea, piscis maritim us ; river — , 
p. fiui'iatilis. II. v.intr. 1, piscari ; 2, fig. — for, 
capture, aucupari. fishbone, n. spina piscis. 
fisher, n. piscator, piscatrix. fishery, n. mare 
or flumen in quo pisces capiuntur. fishhook, 
n. hamus. _ fishmonger, n. qui pisces venditat. 
fishing, n.piscut us, -us; — line, linum; a — net, 
rete.fnnda, jaculutn (=a casting-net); — boat, 
scaphci or cymba piscatoria (small) ; — vessel, no- 
vis pistiitoriu ; — rod, aru ndo piscatoria. fishy, 
adj. by gen. piscium (e.g. odor, a fishy smell). 

fissure, n. fissura, fissum, rima (= a leak) ; 
to make a — , diffindere. 

fist, n. pugnus. fisticuffs, n. pugUatus, 
■us, colaphus; to give — , colaphum edci impingire. 

fistula, n. fistula (Gels.). 

fit, I. adj. ad alqd aptus, idoneus (= proper), 

commodus, upportunus, habit is, appositus; comb. 
opporluuus et idoneus, commodus et idoneus, habi- 
lis et aptus. Adv. apte, commode, oiqiortuue, 
apposite. II. v.intr. 1, lit. aptum esse, apte. 
con venire ad or in alqd; the shoes — , calcei ad 
jiedes apte conveniv.nl ; 2, fig. alci or cut alqd 
upturn esse, alci rei or ad alqd accommodatuvi 
esse, alci rei or cum re couvenire, alci rei or cum 
alqd re congruere. III. v.tr. alqd alci rei 
aptare, accommodare ; — out, (ex)oriiare, instruere. 
IV. n. 1, of illness, impetus, -us, accessio (Plin.) ; 
2, of anger, etc., impetus, -its, or by special word 
(e.g. ira, amicitiu); by — s and starts, modo ... 
modo (e.g. good by — , modo bonus, tnodo itnpro- 
bus), fitness, n. habUitas, opportunists, con- 
veuientia. 

five, adj. quinque ; quini, -ae, -a (= five each) ; 
quinquennium, a period of — years, :dsc> lustrum ; 
quinto quoque anno, every — years; — times, 
quinquie(n)s ; — fold, qtiineuplex, quinqueparti- 
tus (=of — parts), fifth, adj. quintus, -a, -urn. 
fives, n. use 2>ila (e.g. pilis ludere). 

fix, v.tr. 1, alci rei or ad alqd (af)figcre; 
2, = Appoint, fixed, adj. certus. Adv. in- 
tent is octdis. fixture, n. res quae moveri -non 
potest, fixedness, n. constantia (animi, con- 
silii) ; see Fasten. 

flabby, flaccid, adj. marcidus, fluidus. 
flacoidity, n. resolutio (Cels., e.g. nervorum, 
stomachi). 

flag, I. n. = standard, signum, vexillicm; of 
a ship, insigne, vexillum; a — ship, navis prat- 
toria. II. v.intr. languesccre (— grow feeble), 
frigere (of conversation, etc.), refrigescere (of pre- 
parations, etc.). flagstaff, n. vexillum. 

flag, I. n. = flat stone, quadra turn sazum. 
II. v.tr. (viam) quadratic saxis stemirc or 
muni re. 

flagitious, adj. flagitiosus, nefarivs, foedus. 

Adv. fiagitiose, nefarie, foede. 
flagon, n. lagena, ampulla. 

flagrant, adj. impudens, ajtertus, manifestits. 
Adv. imjiudcntei; aperte, muuifestc. fiagrancy, 

n. impttdeutia. 

flail, ii. pertica (Plin.), orfustis, in. (Col.) (= 

cudgel used in thrashing). 



fla 



696 



flu 



flake, n. of snow, use in pi. nives. 

flambeau, n. fax, taeda, 

flanie, I. n. 1, flamma (lit. and fig.), ignis, 
m. ; 2, tig. the — of war spreads in Africa, Africa 
ardet bcllo. II. v. intr. order*, flagrart. flame- 
coloured, adj. flammeus, rutilus. flaming, 
adj. flammeus ; — eyes, ocidi ardentes. 

flank, n. latus, -his, n. (of men, beasts, a 
camp, an an:..,, on both — s, ab utroque latere. 

flap, I. n. lacinia. II. v.tr. alis plaudcrt. 
III. v.iutr. fiuitare. 
flare, v.intr. fulg?-re, splendgre. 

flash, I. n. fulgur. II. v.intr. fulgurare, 
fulgere, {e)micare, coruscare, splendere ; the eyes 
— . ocidi scintillant. 

flask, n. ampulla. 

flat, I. adj. 1, planus, aequus(—e von), promts 
(=on the ground); — nose, nasus simus; 2, of 
wine, etc., vapidus (Col.); — bottomed bunts, 
nares piano alveo ; 3, = insipid, insulins, frigid- 
vs. Adv. fig. plane. II. n. ]>lanities ; — of 
the hand, palma. 

flatter, v.tr. alqm adulari, alci ussentari or I 
blandiri. flatterer, n. adulator, assentator. j 
flattering, adj. blaiulns, blandiens, jucundus, 
grains (= acceptable). Adv. assentatorie, per 
hlanditias. flattery, n. adulatio, assentatio, 
ambitio (= effort to gain favour), blanditiae 
(= smooth words, caresses, etc.); blandimen- 
tum. 

flatulence, n. inflatw. flatulent, adj. 
use inflatio. 

flaunt, I. v.intr. se ostentare; — in gold and 
purple, insignem aura et purpura conspici. II. 
v.tr. = to display, jactare alqd. 

flavour, I. n. sapor. II. v.tr. alqd condire 
alqd re. 

flaw, ii. vitium. flawless, adj. emendatus, 
fine culpd. Adv. emendate. 

flax, n. linum, carbasus, f. flaxen, adj. 1, 
= of flax, lineus; 2, = of colour, flavus. 

flay, v.tr. lit. pellcm detrahire alci or alcjs 
corporl, deglutere alqm (alive, vivum). 
flea, n. pulex. 

fledged, adj. \plumatus ; to be — , pennas 
habere. 

flee, I, v.intr. fugam pettre, captre, capess^re, 
fuijae st mandare, se committere, in fugam se dare, 
se eon(j)icere, terga vertire (of soldiers), in fugam 
effundi or se effundlre ; — from, fugere ab or ex 
alqoloco; — a person, alqm fugere; — to, fugd 
P?tere alqd (e.g. arborem), confugere or fugam 
tapessere alqo, confugere or profugere ad alqm. 
II. v.tr. see Above, flight, n. fuga. 

fleece, I. n. vellus, -iris, n. II. v.tr. 1, ton- 
dere ; 2, — rob, expilare, spoliare. fleecy, adj. 
t laniger. 

fleet, I. adj. velox, vnlucer, pemix. II. n. 
rlassis. fleeting, adj. fugax, caducus, flvxus. 
fieetness, n. velocitas, pernicitas. 

flesb, n. caro, -nis, f. (= on the body and 
cooked), viscera, -um, n. (= everything under the 
skin of an animal), corpus, -oris, n. (opp. ossa); 
in speaking of tbe flesh of animals the Lath 
omit caro (e.g. vitulina, = veal ; canina, ==doga 
flesh), fleshy, adj. carnosns. 

flexible, adj. 1, lentus ; 2, of character, 
mollis, Jacilis. flexibility, n. <>f character, 
mollitui, moHitudo, facilitas. 

flicker, v.intr. volitare (of birds), fiuitare (of 
thi.igs, as sails), trepidare (of flames, etc.). 

flight, n. 1, fuga ; see Flee ; to put to — , 
fugare ; 2, = way of flying, lapsus, -its, volatvs, 



-its; 3, of stairs, scatae. flighty, adj. volatiH), 
mobilis, levis, inconstans. flightiness, 11. mo- 
bilitas, levitas. 

flimsy, adj. 1, = thin, tenuis; 2, = -worth- 
less, inanis. riimsiness. n. 1, tmuitas; 2, 
Inanitas. 

flinch, v.intr. (re)cedere, retro csdere, 

fling, v.tr. Jactare., mittere, jaculari, con(j)i- 

cere ; — at, alci rei or in alqd in(J)icire, alqm 

■ Iqd re petire. 

flint, ii. silex ; heart of—, silicnis. 

flippant, adj. lascieus, petulans. flip- 
pancy, n. petulant. 

flirt, I. v.intr. alqm. specie amorU illidre. 
II. n. amator or amatrix inconstans. flirta- 
tion, n. species amoris. 

flit, v.intr. volitare. 
flitch, n. succidia. 

float, v.intr. innare, innatare, aqua sustinSri, 
fluctuare, fiuitare, pendere (in the air). 

flock. I. n. grex, peats, -oris, n. ; = a great 
number of persons, caterva, multitude II. 
v.intr. affiuere, confluere; — together, concurrire, 
convolare. 

flog, v.tr. verberare ; be — ged, ixtjmlare. 
flogging, n. verbera, -um, verberutio. 

flood, I. n. 1, as contradistinguished from 
ebb, accessus, -il.s, maris (opp. recessus acstunm), 
aestus commuUitia (= change of tide from the 
ebb); the — (tide) rises, aestus crescit,aestus ex ullo 
se iyicitat ; the — falls, aestus minuit ; 2, = over- 
flow, eluvin, diluvies; 3, tig. ns(e.g. lacrimarum). 
II. v.tr. 1, lit. inundare; 2, fig. alqd alqA re 
annulare. flood-gate, n. 1, lit. cataracta 
(or cataracles, -ae) (Plin. Mill.) ; 2, fig. vis, 
impetus, -it*. 

floor, n. solum, coaxatio(coass-); to make or lay 
— , coaxationem facere, coaxare ; pavimentv.il , i'. 
tessellatum or vermictilatum (= mosaic) ; area 
(= a barn-floor) ; tabulatum, (con)tabulatio, con- 
tignatio ( = a storey). 

floral, adj. ^oretis. 

f.orid, adj. 1, of complexion, rubicundus; 
2, fig- floridus. 

flounce, n. (of a woman's gown), instita, 
segmenta, -ortim, pi. flounced, adj.segmentatus. 

flounder, v.intr. 1, lit. rolutari, fiuitare; 2, 
fig. titubare. 

flour, n. farina. 

flourish, I. v.intr. 1, florin, vigere ; 2, = 
make a display, se jactare. II. v.tr. see 
Brandish. 

flout, v.tr. ludificari, cavillari, deridere, irri- 
dire. 

flow, I. v.intr. (as a fluid)./ii!e>p, labi, manare; 
— into the sea, ejpundi in mare; — between, 
interfiuire ; — past, praeterfluere ; — together, 
confluere. II. n. 1, fluxio, lapsus, -us; 2, lig. 
vol'ubilitas, co;>io (e.g. verborwn); 3, of the tide, 
accessus, -its (opp. recessus). flowing, adj. 1, 
fluens, manans; 2, — speech, (proyiuens, a>ln- 
bilis. Adv. {pro)Jluenler, volubiliter. 

flower, I. n. 1, flos, Jlosculus (dim.); the 
goddess of — s, Flora; 2, fig. — ot life, aetas 
jlorens ; = best part of, flos, robur; — of speech, 
fins rerborum. II. v.intr. florere, (ef)florescire, 
florea mittere. flowery, adj. 1. lit. f jlorens; 2, 

fig. floridus. 

fluctuate, v.intr. fluctuare (ammo) or jtitc- 

tuari,pendire animi or animo (ofseveral, animix), 
incertum, dubium, ancipitem esse, haesitare, dtt- 
bitare, indubinesse. fluctuation, n. animus 
incertws or dubius or suspensus, dubitatio. 



flu 



697 



for 



flue, n. caminus ; the — smokes, dvmus 
fiimat. 

fluency, n. oratio volubilis, facundia, volu- 
bilitas. fluent, adj. volubilis (opp. stabilis); a 
— stylo, genus orationis (proyiuens. Adv. (pro)- 
flueitter, volubiliter ; to speak — , commode verba 
facere. 

fluid, I. n. liquor, humor, aqua. II. adj. 
liquidus, jluidus, Jluens. 

flummery, n. 1, — a dish, avenae puis, -tis, f. ; 
2, = empty talk, gerrae, nugae, nugatoria, -orum. 

flurry, n. and v.tr. ; see Excite. 

flush, I. n. rubor. II, v.intr. rubor or pudor 
alci suffunditur. 

fluster, v.tr. pjercutere, agitare, commovi.re. 

flute, n. tibia or tibiae, \arundo. flute- 
player, tibiccn. fluted, adj. striatus. 

flutter, I. v.intr. trepidare, volitare. II. v.tr. 
agitare, commovere. III. n. trepidatio. 

flux, n. ftuxio (in gen.) ; — and reflux of the 
sea, marinorum acstuu/u accessus et recessus 
(both -us). 

fly, I. n. musca, cantharis, -idis, f. II. v.intr. 
rula re, volitare; to — to, advolare ; to — in, invo- 
hire ; to — out, evolare ; to — away, avolare ; to 
let — , emitthe e manibus, ventis dare, flying, 
adj. volatilis, volucer ; — (:= dishevelled) huir, 
crines passi. 

foal, I. n. pxdlus equi,pullus equinus. II. 
v.tr. parere. 

foam, I. n. spuma. II. v.intr. spumare, 
(ex)uestuare. foamy, adj. spumans, \spumeus. 

fodder, u. pabulum, pastus, -iis. 

foe, u. hostis (= a public — ), inimicus (=a 
private — ). 
fog, n. nebula, foggy, adj. nebulosus. 
foible, n. vitium. 

foil, I. n. rudis. II.' v.tr. ad vanum or ad 
irritum, redigere, eludere. 

foist, v.tr. — on, alqd alci supponere, subdere, 
sub(j)ic£re. 

fold, I. n. i sinus, -its, ruga (= a wrinkle or. 
small fold in plants, dresses, etc. (Plin.)). II. 
v.tr. alqd (com)plicare ; to — the hands, digitos 
■pectinatim inter se imjilectire (Plin.) ; with — ed 
hands, compressis manibus. III. as suffix, plex 
(e.g. three—, triplex). folding-doors, n. 
vulvae (biforcs), fores, -ium, f. 

fold, n. = — for sheep, ovile, saeptum, usu. 
pi. ; = — for cattle, stabalum. 

foliage, n. frons, f., or pi. frondes (=bran- 
ches) ; folia, -orum (= leaves). 
folk, n. see People. 

follow, v.tr. 1, aUpn (cou)sequi, insequi, sub- 
sequi (= very close), prosequi (= at a distance), 
alqm persequi (= to follow out), comitari (=to ac- 
company); he was — ed by an unusually large 
company, stipatusest non usitatd frequeiitid; to 
- after or succeed, alci and alci rei succedere, 
alqm and alqd excipere ; — — as a successor, 
succedere in alcjs locuvi; to — from, effici, 
cmijici ex re (in argument, e.g. ec proposiHs effi- 
citur); hence it — s, sequitur, sequitur igitur or 
eniin, ex quo efficitur ; what — s? quid igitur? 
thus it — s, ita fit ut, etc.; 2, — regard as a 
teacher, etc., alqm or alqd sequi, auctoritate alcjs 
iiwvcri, alci obtemperare (= to listen to the wishes 
of), dicto alcjs audientem esse{= to — or obey his 
command) ; to — an opinion, sententiam alcjs 
sequi or probare ; to — your own judgment, suo 
ingenio uti. following, adj. sequens, secutus ; 
for the — year (e.g. in insequentem annum) ; alci 
Vfoxinius. sccundits ah alqo (of persons iu a 



series), futurus, ventkrus, posterus; the — day, 
dies posterns ; on thJ — , postero die, postridie 
[ejus diei). follower, u. = disciple, discijiu- 
lus, auditor, (as)scctator, units e suis (of the fol- 
lowers of a leader) ; — s of Socrates, Socratici 
(and so with many other names). 
folly, n. see under Fool. 
foment, v.tr. 1, alqd fovere, fomenta alci ret 
adhibere or udmovere ; 2, tig. sol(l)icitare, exci- 
tare, fomentation, n. foinentum (Cels.). fo- 
menter, n. fax, concitator, instimulator. 

fond, adj. 1, = foolish, stultus ; 2, = loving, 
avians, amator, cultor, studiosus alcjs rei; very 
— , alcjs rei or alcjs annantissimus or studiosissi- 
mus, conscctator alcjs rei (e.g. voluptatis) ; — of 
literature or learning, lil(t)erarum studiosus; — 
of hunting, venandi studiosus. Adv. stulte, 
amanter. fondness, n. 1, siultitia ; 2, stu- 
dium, amor, caritas. fondle, v. tr. blandiri alci, 
(pcr)m%dcere alqm, amplexari el osculari alqm. 
fondling, n. blanditiae. 

food, 11. cibus, esca, cibaria, -orum (= what- 
ever may be eaten by men or beasts), edulia, 
■ ium (= eatables), aliment um (or in pi., esp. in 
pouts); penus, -us or -i, in. and f., and -oris, n. 
(— supplies of food) ; to digest — , cibum conficere, . 
concoquere ; a food-shop, popina ; of animals, 
pabulum, paslus, -us. 

fool, I. n. homo stultus, faluus, sannio ( — a 
maker of grimaces) ; to put a — 's cap on a 
person, ludibrio hablre ; to play the — , nugari, 
ineptire, desipere. II. v.tr. alqm ludire. fool- 
ery, n. ineptiac, nugae. fool-hardy, adj. 
temerarius ; see Rash, foolish, adj. stultus, 
stolidus (— silly), ineptus (— one who acts out 
of place and time and reason), insulsus (= wit- 
less), demens (= one who lias lost his head), 
fatuus. Adv. stulte, stolide, ineple, insulse. folly, 
n. stultitia (= stupidity, a foolish act), fatuitas 
(= silliness), insipientia (= want of prudence), 
amentia (— unreason), dementia (= loss of 
faculty), stulte factum (as an act). 

foot, I. n. 1, = member of the body, pes, 
pedis, m. ; to go on — , pedibus ire, venire, iter 
facire ; to serve on — , pedibus mcrcrt, or stiptn- 
dia facere ; to tread under — , pedibus alqm 
conculcare, proculcare ; — by — , pedelentim, 
gradalim ( — step by step) ; 2, — the lowest 
part, pes (of articles of furniture), or by traits, 
infimus with n. (e.g. infimus mons); radix (e.g. 
montis) ; the town lies at the — of the moun- 
tain, urbs monii subjecta est; 3, = a measure, 
yes ; a — iu size, pedalis (in longitudinem, in 
altiludinem),pedembongus; half a — , semijJcdalis; 
oueandahalf — ,sesquipedalis; two — , bipedalis; 
three — , tripedalis ; five — deep, quinque pedes 
altus ; 4, (in versification) pes. II. v.intr. 
see Tread, Dance. III. adj. pedester ; — 
soldier, pedes, -itis. footing, u. = way or 
manner, modus, ratio, status, -iis; to place an 
army on the — of the Roman, exercitum ad 
liomanae disciplinae formam redigire; to place 
on the old — , ad antiquum morem revocare; to 
be on a very friendly — with, valde familiariter 
alqo uti. footman, n. pcdis(s)equus. foot- 
pad, ii. latro. foot-path, n. semita, trames, 
■itis, in., callis. foot-print, n. vestigium, 
footstool, n. scamnum, scabellum. 

fop, n. homo ineptus, homuncio. foppery, 
n. ineptiac ( = absurdities). 

for, I. prep. 1 = in behalf of, in return fur, 
pro (with the ablative) ; dimicare pro legibus (so 
pro libertate, pro putrid), = to fight — the laws ; 
Cutocstmihiunuspromultismilibus, = Cat o alone 
is to me — ( = as good ns) many thousands : httie 
Me pro meritit gratiam retulit, = he returned hill) 
thanks ^ llis i^erts ; 2, = as, alqm r'ri<m &.£)» 



for 



698 



for 



(turn habere, = to bold him — a good man (so vir 
bonus habetur); " for "and " as" in such phrases 
do nut appear in Latin (e.g. dux elect us est, =. he 
was chosen — (as! general); yet, pro uihllo 
i,= to think nothing of; 3, for" denoting 
value, by tlic genitive of Indefinite price ami 
tin' ablative of the definite (e.g. 'iitaitti etnisti! 

— how much did you buy it?; viginti assibut, 
= — twenty pence) ; 4, = by reason of, prac 
with abL, propter with arc, to die — fear, pro* 
tnetu mori; — this reason, propter hoc; 5, of 
time, in with accus., — the next day, in postc- 
ruiu diem ; — daring, accus., he had been away 

— a year, annum jam abcrat, or by per with 
;i eus. ; 6, expressing purpose, ad with accu: ., 
money — building a bridge, yicunia ad pun n 

■ Hi data; to live — the day, Indian 
■ ; 7, to watch or consult — , alci consulert; 
love — , amor alcjs or erga alipn; means or 
rei ly — , remedittm adversus alqd, or the geni- 
tive alone, as, care — you, vestri cant ; — , as 
denoting according t<>, pro sua quisque parte, 
/» a virions ( = according to your strength) ; ac- 
cording to your wisdom, quae lua est prudent ia, 
OTOudesprudetUid; — the present, in praesens; 
to live — yourself (that is, your own interests), 
mslbi vtvere. II. conj. nam(que), enim (cm-lit.), 
etenim, ipiippe, quod, c?«rt(with subj.), quoniam,, 
quia; see Because, Forasmuch, For 1., 2. 

forage, I. n. pabulum. II. v.tr. pabxu- 
hu-; ; to send soldiers to — , pabulatum or pubu- 
■)i milites mittire. forager, n. pa- 
foraging, n. pabulatio. 

forbear, v.tr. 1,= to abstain, setenere, se con- 
tinirt, se eohibert, (se) alqd re abstinere, alci < 
purcire; 2, — to endure patiently, pa&ientiA uti, 
paticntiam adhibSre <dci rei, paiientt r alqut aequo 
ttttimo firre, patlacferre, pati ac } erferre, perferre 
pallqut alqd. forbearance, n. abstinentia, 
continent ia, paHentla. forbearing, adj. ah- 
stinent, continent, temptratus. 

forbid, v.tr. vetare (with accus. and inf.), 
biterdioire alci alqd re (or with ne); to— one. 
your house, interdicire alci domo tud; it is 

— den, retitum est, non licet. 

force, I. n. vis, violeviia, impetus, -»>-, momen- 
tum; to use — , vim facere, vim adkibere. II. 
vt i. I impel. forcible, adj. I, = by 

forco, ]"•>■ vim; 2, = physically strong, validus, 

nercosut ; 3, = morally strong, energetic, gravis, 
rehemens. Adv. w, r , ,■ rim, valxde, nervose, 

ntcr. 

forcemeat, n. huieia (Van-.). 

ford, n. vadum, 

fore, adv. ante, antca. forearm, I. n. 

brachium. II. V.tr. see WARS, PREPARE ; to 

be — ed, praecavSre. forebode, y.lntr. and 
tr. 1, portendire, praesagirt; 2, = have, a 

tresentfment of, praesagirt, praesenlire. forc- 
oding, n. praetentlo. forecast, v.tr. (ani- 
mo) praevidere, providers, prospicire. fore- 
father, n. pro&vus;'p\. priores, majores, j" 
forefinger, n. digitus in<i>-r. forogo, v.tr. 
(co alqd forehead, n. front, -ntis, f. 

foreknow, v.tr. praenotcere. foreknow 
lcdge, n. by providlrt, foreland, u. pro- 
montorium. foreman, n. procurator, fore- 
mast, u. malut anterior. foromoat, .'I'll. 
forenoon, n. diss antemtridia- 
mi*. forerunner, n. praennntius. fore- 
Bee, v.tr. praevidcre, providire, prosp 
foresight, n. providentia, prospicientia. 
forestall, v.tr. see Anticipate. 

foretell, v.tr. prai Metre, forethought, n. 
Idenlia ; by — , concu.lto; tu do — , alqd con- 
snito or meditatvM or praeparatu m facere, fore- 
Vfirn, v.tr. i 



foreign, adj. ptregrhvns, extern.ua, borbarus, 
ad cent ictus ; — to, (ab) alqd re, or alci rei 
alienus; — to each other, res sibi repugnantes. 
foreigner, n. peregrinus, alienlgena, m. and f., 
advena, in. and f . ( = new settler). 

forensic, adj. forensis. 

forest, u. silva, saltus, -us (wild and on 
hills). 

forfeit, I. v.tr. amitUre, alqd re multarii 
II. ii, poena, multa, damnum. 

forge, v.tr. 1, = to form, fundi' re ( = tt< beat, 
e.g. J'errum), procudcre (e.g. gladium), fabricari 
(e.g. fnlmi no, fallaciam),fingere (e.g. fallacias), 
2, = tofalsify, — documents, tabulas corrumpire, 

Hare, interpolare, (= — parts in a document) 
sub(j)icert ; of money, cudere. forger, n. 
subjectof (of wills, etc.), qui nnmmns adulterines 

cudit ; forged coin, numuius adulterimtS. for- 
gery, n. subject io (— — of wills, etc.). For — 
of money, use verb. 

forget, v.tr. alcjs rei or alqd obllvisci, neg- 
legeretyieglig-), neglegenl'ul pnielei'ire ; I have for- 
gotten, alqdfugit me, alqd e memoria excess it ; to 
be forgot (■ n, e memorid excidcre ; to — yourself, 
sul oblicisci ; to — your dignity, dignitatis suae 
immemorem esse, forgetful, adj. obliviosus, 
immemor. forgetfulness, n. oblivio. 

forgive, v.tr. alqd alci ignoscire, veniam 
dare alcjs rei ( = to give mercy instead of 
justice), gratiam facere ahjs rei, alqd alci 
concedcre, condonare, alci IndulgSre. forgive- 
ness, ii. venia, poenae (meritae) remissio. for- 
giving, adj. facilU, clement, exorabilis. 

fork, n. furca, furcilla (used in making hay; 
forks lor eating wore unknown), forked, adj. 
bifurcus. 

forlorn, adj. sue dejectut, relictus, destitutus. 

form, I. n. 1, figura, forma, fades; of a 
line — , jormosut, dignitatt corporis praeditusov 
insignis; human — , species humana ; things 
have taken a new — , magna rerum commutatio 
facta est ; 2, see Formula ; 3, — bench, scam- 
num. ; 4, = appearances, for — 's sake, dicis 
caus\s)d. 11. v.tr. 1, = to give — to, flngere, 
Jigurare, formare, fabricari, facere, efflcen ; to — 
intellectually and morally, fingcre, (ex)coVSre, 
'ire, instituert; 2, — — tuoops, instrucre, 
ordinate ; 3, = — plans, etc., (consuia) inire ; - 
friendship, amicitiam CHttl alqo ConjungSre. III. 
v. i nt r. 1, — constitute, txalqa re consistSre ; 2. of 
troops, se tx\ licare. formal, adj. =forthesake 
of appearances, dicis caus(s)&; — artificial, i"i/(- 
positus, ' : [ '' . stmulatus; = stiff (of man- 
in is), urbanvs ac perpolitns. Adv. rite ( = 
duly), composite, urbane, formality, n. 1, see 
Ceremony; 2, of manners, mores perpolitiae. 
formation, n. 1, as act, conformatlo ; 2, = 
l'ni in, conformatio, forma, formless, adj. iii- 
formis, rudis. formula, n. formula, verba, 
-orum. 

former, adj. jirfor, pristinus (= ancient), 
Bi«;>crtor (e.g. annus); the. — , the hitter, hie 
... iltr, or tile ... /n'c Adv. antca, olim, quon- 

■In 0. 

formidable, adj. metitendus, tii>"'n<in,<, hor- 
rendu.-, to rlbllls, form \duloms(formidoU). Adv. 
formidulo t, U \ i IbUt m ()i m* dum. 

fornication, n. stupnm. 

forsake, v.tr. (de) ellnqut e, deserere, desti- 
tute, comb. d( erin <t rei in quire, dettitu&re tt 
relinq 

forsooth! Interj. scilicet (iron.), sane. 

forswear, v.tr. 1, = to deny on oath, ad- 

jurare, ejurare ( = t.. re '•■■); 2. = to sweftl 

">■■'. i 



for 



699 



fre 



fort, n. locus munitus, arx, castellum, castrum. 
fortification, u. vumitio, munitiones, muni- 
.inenta, -orum, opera, -um( = works), fortify, 
'v.tr. (com)munire, praemunire, operibus munire, 
Muaitionibusfirmare, muris munire, valloet fossa 
circumdarc locum, vallum ct fossam circumdarc 
alci loco. 

forth, adv. 1, of place, foras; in combina- 
tion it is expressed by e, ex, and pro, with the 
several verbs (e.g. to bring — , tfferre; to cast 
■ — ; i(j)icere; to go — , exire ; to lead — , educire, 
producerc) ; 2, of time, inde. forthcoming, 
adj. by fut. (e.g. — book, liber quern alqs_ cditurus 
est); to be — , in eo esse ut. forthwith, adv. 
extemplo, statim, confestim, protinus. 

fortitude, n. fortitudo, animus forlis, virtus, 
-utis, f. 

fortune, u. 1, fortuna, fors, casus, -us; 
•changeful — , fortunae vicissitudines, varietates 
temporum, comb, temporum varietates fortunaeque 
vicissitiuli)tes, casus vara ; to be content with 
your — , sorte sud contentum vivlre ; the goddess 
'of—, Fortuna ; 2,=wealth, divitiae, resfamiliaris, 
facult.'.tcs, opes, pecuniae, bona, -orum, fortunae. 
fortune-teller, n. tortilegus,' (h)ariolus; a 
.female — , saua. fortuitous, adj. forluitus, 
incasu posit us, forte obkitus. Adv. forte, fortuito, 
casu. fortunate, adj. /eZfx, fortuiMtus, pros- 
perous), secutulus; — condition, res secumlae. 
Adv. jii idler, fortunate, prospere. 
. forty, adj. quadraginta, quadrageni (=■ — 
each), quadragesie(n)s ( = — times). 

forum, n. forum. 

forward, I. adv. porro ; to go — , pergere. 
II. v.tr. 1, = send on, perjerendum curare 
(e.g. lit{t)!ras perferendas curavit) ; 2,= help, 
(ad)juvare, alci adjumento esse. III. adj. 
1, = early, praecox ; 2, = rude, protcrvus, inur- 
banus. 

■ foss, n. fossa (incilis), incite, fossil, n. 
fessilia, -ium. 

foster, v.tr. curare, nutrire, suslincre, alcre. 
foster-brother, n. collacteus Gate), foster- 
child, n. alumnus, alumna, foster-father, 
n. nutriciius. foster-sister, u. collactea 
(Juv.). 

fpul, adj. putidus, 2)utridus, foetidus (= stink- 
ing), foedus, turpis (= morally foul), obscenus 
(= impure), immundus (— dirty), foul-play, 
n. dolus malus. : Adv. putide, foede, turpiter. 
foulness, a. foeditas, obscenitas. 

found, v.tr. 1, fundamentum alcjs rei jacere 
or ponere, fundamenta locare, condcre, instituere, 

■ constituere, civitatem fuwlitus tollere ; 2, lig. to 
be founded on, niti alqd re or in alyd re, also 
niti fundamento alcjs rei, poslium esse in altjd 
re; = cast, fundirc. foundation, \\.<funda- 

.inenta, -orum, sedes, -is ; — (of a pillar), basis. 
founder, I. n. conditor, auctor. II. v.intr. 
submergi. foundling, n. Infans expositus, 
expositicius. 

fount, or fountain, n. 1, lit. fbns (= the 
place and the water), caput (=the spring); 2, 
tig. fo>is, caput, principium, comb, fons ct caput*, 
principium et fon*, origo, caus\syi (= the 
primary cause), comb. caus\s)a atquefons. 

four, adj. quat(t)uor, quatcrni (=— each); 
— or five, quat(t)uor (aut) quinque ; — years old, 
quadrimus; a period of — years, quadriennium; 
every — years, quarto quoque aymo ; going on — 
feet, quadrupes; — fold, quadnqilex; — times 
as much, quadruplum; — times, quater. four- 
teen, adj. quat(t)uordecim, quaterni deni (distri- 
butively); — times, quater decics. fourteenth, 
adj. quartus decimus. fourth, I. adj. quartus, 
•Uf -vm ; every — , quartus quisque ; the — time, 



quartam ; in the — place, quarto. II. n. 
quudrans. 

fowl, n. 1, avis, volucris, ales, -itis, m. aud f.; 
2, = a hen, gallinu; flesh of — , (caro)gallinacea. 
fowler, n. auccps. fowling, n. aucupium. 

fox, n. 1, vulpes, -is, f . ; of a — , vulpinus ; 2, 
lig. = a cunning man, homo versulus or calUdus. 

fraction, n. pars, fractious, adj. morostts. 
Adv. morose, fractiousness, n. morositas. 
fracture, I. n. med. t.t. fractura (Cels.). II. 
v.tr. frangere* 

fragile, adj. fragUls. fragility, u. fro- 
gilitas. fragment, n.fragmeutum, re(T)liquiae 
(= remains); — s of the plays of Menander, 
irunca quaedam ex Menandro (Gell.). frag- 
mentary, adj. fractus. 

fragrance, n. odor suavis, suaveolentia. 
fragrant, adj. suavis, t suaveolens, t odorifer, 
t odoratus, t odorosus. 

frail, adj. inftrmus, debilis, imbccillus. 
frailty, n. injirmitas, imbecillitas (lit. and 
lig-)- 

Irame, I. n. 1, of a window, picture, etc., 
forma (Plin.) ; 2, = body, corpus, -oris; 3, = — 
of mind, animus. II. v.tr. 1, = put into a 
frame, in formd includire ; 2, = compose, com- 
ponere; 3, see Make, framework, n. corn- 
pages, -is, contignatio. 

Franoe, n. Gallia. French, adj. Gallicus. 

franchise, n. civitas, jus, juris, n., suffra- 
gium. 

frank, adj. sincerus, apertus, simplex. Adv. 
sincere, candide, apertc, simpliciter. frank- 
ness, n. sinceritas, simplicitas. 

frankincense, n. t(h)us, t(h)uris, n. 

frantic, adj. insanus, delirus, fanaticus, 
aniens, demens. Adv. insane. 

fraternal, adj. fraternus. Adv. fraterne. 
fraternity, n. i, fraternitas, necessiludo fra- 
terna, germanitas; 2, = society, sodalilas, soda- 
litium, collegium, corpus, -oris, fraternize, 
v.intr. amicitid inter se conjungi. 

fratricide, n. 1, = the murder of a brother, 
parricidium fraternum; 2, =the murderer of a 
brother, fratridda, m. 

fraud, n. fraus, dolus (malus), circumscriptio, 
fallacia ; comb, doli atque fallaciae ; to devise — 
against anyone, dolum alci struere, nectcre, con- 
fittgere, fraude alqm tentare, fallaciam in ulqm 
intendere. fraudulent, adj. fraudulentus, qui 
tot us ex fraude etfallaciis constat (opp. homo sine 
fuco et fallaciis), dolosus. Adv. dolo malo, dolose, 
fraudulenter, contra (jus ac)fidem. 

fraught, adj. alqd re refertus, repletus, one- 
rat us. 

fray, n. pugna. 

freak, n. see Caprice. 

freckle, n. lenticula, lentigo (Plin.). 
freckled, adj. lentiginostis (Val. Max.). 

free, I. adj. 1, = — from burdens, etc., liber, 
solutns; vacuus (a) re, expers rei; from taxes, 
immunis ; from guilt, innocens ; from mili- 
tary service, immunis militid; from danger, 
tutus ; from care, securus ; to make — , liberare ; 
to — from guilt, absolvere alqm; to be — from, 
alqd re carcre ; 2, = not subject to, liber; 3, 
= not restricted, as in space, patens, apertus ; 
4, = without cost, gratuitus; to have a — 
dwelling, grati(i)s habitare; 5, = — to do or to 
act, liber, solutus ; I am — to say, audeo dicere ; 
6, = generous, largus, munifieus, liberalis. Adv. 
libere, solute, luto, secure, aperte, grati(i)s, gratuito, 
large, munijice, liberaliter. II. v.tr. alqm alqd 
re liberare, eximlre,- solvere, expedire, manumit- 



fre 



700 



fro 



tire (of a slave) ; to make — with, 1, = to in- 
dulge in, alci rei indulgere ; 2, = to treat disre- 
spectfully, alqo parum honorifice uti. free- 
agent,)), qui sui juris est. freebooter, n.latro. 
free-born, adj. ingenuus. freedman,n. liber- 
tus, libertinus. freedom, n. 1, = — from limits, 
vacuitas, vacatio ; from business, otium; from 
taxes, immunitas; from punishment, impunitas; 
2, = independence, libertas ; to give — , liberta- 
tem alci dare, in libertatem alqm vindicate; — 
from slavery, alqm manumittere ; — from prison, 
e custodid emittere; to restore — , libertatem alci 
reddire ; to restore yourself to — , e vinculis 
se expcdire ; moral — , arbitrium (liberum) ; 3, 
= rights or privileges, jus, juris, n., privilegium, 
benejicium ; 4, = license, licentia ; to take — , 
licenliam sibi sumere, audere ; to take great — , 
multa sibi sumere ; = great license, licentia, 
arrogantia, procacitas. free-hearted, adj. 
see Generous, freehold, n. praedium liberum 
or immune, freeholder, n. qui praed. lib. 
habel, or simply possessor, free-liver, n. qui 
licentius agit. free-living, n. licentia. free- 
man, n. civis, homo librr. free-speech, n. 
sermo liberior. free - r hinking, adj. see 
Sceptical, free-will, n. voluntas; to have 
— , sponte sua agere. 

freeze, I. v.tr. gloriar*, urere. II. v.intr. 
gelare, gelari (Plin., etc.) ; it -s, gelat ; = to feel 
cold, frigere, algere. frozen, adj. \rigidus; to 
be — , rigere. 

freight, I. n. onus, -iris, n. II, v.tr. onerare. 
freighted, adj. onustus. 

frenzy, n. vesania, delirium, furor, amentia, 
dementia. 

frequent, adj. frequens (= many present, 
e.g., frequens senatus), creber (= thickly filled, 
opp. rarus), multus (= many), celeber (= nu- 
merous). Adv. frequenter, crebro, saepe. II. 
v.tr. celebrare, frequentare, in a'.qo loco versari. 
frequency, n. fiequentia, crebritas, cdebritas. 
frequented, adj. frequens, celeber, tritus (= 
well trodden). 

fresh, adj. 1, = cool, frigidus ; 2, — recent, 
recens, novus ; — sod, caespes vivus ; 3,= un- 
used, and therefore vigorous, recens, integer, 
viridis, comb, recens integerque, venetus, alacer, 
vivus; a — complexion, nitidus color. Adv. 
use frigidus (frigide not in this sense), re- 
ecnter (ante and post class.), move, integre, 
vegete. freshen, v.tr. refngerare (— to cool), 
re.-reare, reficere (= to revive), relaxare, inte- 
grare. freshness, n. viriditas ae vigour, use 
novus, with n. = novelty (e.g. the — of a book, 
liber novus). 

fret, I. v.tr. 1, rub, fricare, terete ; 2, = wear 
away, alterire ; 3, fig. sol(l)icitare, vexare, angtre. 
II. v.intr. alqd aegre ferre, angi, dolcre ; see 
Grieve. Ill, n. molestia (or pi.), anger, vexatio. 
fretful, adj. morosus, stomachosus (rare). Adv. 
morose, stamachose. fretfulnesa, n. morositas. 

fricassee, n. sartago (Pers.). 
friction, n. tritus. 
Friday, n. * dies Veneris. 

friend, n. amicus, arnica, sodalis (= compan- 
ion), necessarius (= relation), familiaris (= inti- 
mate), studiosus, amans, amalor alcjs ; my — I 
bone .' sodes .' to be a — (patron) to, alcjs fuutorem 
esse, alci favere or bene velle ; those who are — s to 
a cause, etc., qui stant ab or cum alqo. friend- 
less, adj. sine amicis, amicorum expers or inops. 
friendly, I. adj. amicus, benevolus, humanus, 
bcnignus, comis, urbanus. II. Adv. comiter, aviice, 
benigne, urbane, friendliness, n. comitas, hu- 
manitas, benignitas, benevolentia(beniv-), affabili- 
las, urbanitas. friendship, n. amicitia, necessi- 



tudo, conjunetio, familiar Has : to form a — , ami- 
citiam cum alqo facere, {con)jungere, imtituere, 
conciliare, inire, sibi parare, ad am. alcjs se con- 
ferre. seapplicare, se adjungire, amicitia alqm sibi 
coajungcre. 

frieze, ii. 1, in architecture, zovphcrus ; 2, 
= rough cloth, gausapa (gausapes, gausape, or 
gintsapum). 

fright, n. terror, pavor ; to take — , pavescere, 
frighten, v.tr. alqm (cx)Urrcre, terrorem aid 
afferrc, inj'erre, offerre, in(J)iccre, incutire, alqm 
in te.rr. con(j)ic£rc. frightful, adj. terribilis, 
horribilis, focdus (= disgusting), horrendus, hor- 
rificus, ingens, immanis. Adv. terribilem in 
modum,focdc, immane, immaniler. frightened, 
adj. terrore perculsus, territus, exterritus, trepi- 
dus (= afraid, trembling). 

frigid, adj. frigidus; see Cold. 

frill, n. segmenta, -orum (but this = flounce). 

fringe, n. fimbriae, limbus. 

frisk, v.intr. salire, lascivire. frisky, adj. 
lasdvus. Adv. lasdve. friskiness, n. lascivia. 

frith, n. fretum. 

fritter, I. v.tr. e.g. to — away time, tern- 
pus {con)terere; property, dissipare. II. n. 
laganum. 

frivolous, adj. nugax, levis, inanis, frivolus. 
Adv. maximd cum levitate, frivolousness, 
frivolity, n. nugae, levitas. 

fro, adv., e.g. to and — , hue (e() illuc, ultro 
citro(que). 

frock, u. see Gowx. 

frog, n. rana ; a small — , ranunculus. 

frolic, I. n. ludus etjocus, lascivia. II. v.tr. 
joca agere, lasdvire, ludire; to — with, cum alqo 
jocari, joco uti, joculari. frolicsome, adj. 
hilaris (hilarus), jocularis, lascivus, ludibundus. 

from, prep. 1, = denoting severance and dis- 
tance, is expressed by a, ab ; the force sometimes 
being increased by procul ; decedcreabalqo, = to 
depart from ; absunt a Dyrrachio, = they are far 
from Dyrrachium ; conscia mihi surname culpam 
hanc esse proart, = I know that this fault is far 
from me. " From," denoting the place out 
of which, by e, ex (e.g. ex urbe venit). " From," 
denoting order, by a ; quartus ab Arcesila, 
= the fourtli from Arcesilas ; with towns and 
small islands abl. alone, so rure, domo ; 2, = 
aversion, alieno a te animo fuit, = his mind was 
hostile to (from) you ; = transference, yermaiitij 
tiadire, = from hand to hand. A, ab, denotes the 
beginning, e.g. abfundamento interire, = to perish 
from the foundation, and has ad for its anti- 
thesis, e.g. « minima ad maximum, = from the 
least to the greatest ; 3, = of time, a, ab, e.g. 
ubhordtertid bibebatur, — they drank from three 
o'clock ; the force is increased by jam. inde, 
etc., jam indeab adolescentia, = from youth up ; 
a puero, = from boyhood ; a mane ud noctenh, 
— from morning to night ; ab incenso Capitolio, 
= from the burning of the Capitol ; ab urbe 
conditd, = from the foundation of the city ; 
4, denoting a cause or source, is expressed by 
a, de, or ex ; e.g. disccre a patre, perire a 
peste, plaga ab amico, = a snare from a friend ; 
certe scio me ab singulari amove ac bcnevolentid 
tibi scribere, = I well know that I write to 
thee from singular love and good-will ; a metu, 
from fear ; ex ird, from anger. 

front, I. n. frons, -ntis, f. ; in — of the camp, 
pro castris; to place the troops in — , cipias in 
fronte constituere ; to attack in — , hostes ndrersos 
aggrcdi. II. adj. prior, anticus, opp. to posticus. 
III. v.tr. 1, = to look towards, alqm a(d)s),cctare; 
2, w to oppose, alci adversari-. frontage, p. 



fro 



?01 



fut 



frotls. frontispieoe, n. libri prima tabula. 
fronting, adj. alci (rei) adversus, oppositus. 
frontier, n. confinium. frontlet, n. fronta- 
lia, -itim. 

frost, n. frlgue, -oris, n., geht, pruina. 
frosty, adj. frigidu3 (lit. and fig.). 

froth, I. n. spuma. II. v.intr. spumare. 
frothy, adj. f spumoeus. 

froward, adj. contumax, pertinajc, pervicax. 
Adv. contumaciter, pertinaciter. froward- 
ness, n. contumacia, pertinacia, pervicacia. 

frown, I. i). frontis or supercilwrum con- 
tradio. II, v.intr. frontem contrahire, vultum 
adducere. 

frowsy, adj. sordidus, immundus. 

fructify, v.ti'. see Fertilize. 

frugal, adj. parens, restrlclus (opp. largus), 
comb, parens et restrictus (in housewifery, opp. 
neglege.ns), frugi (indecl., comp. frugalior, sup. 
frugalissimus), comb, homo frugi et diligens. 
Adv. parce, frugaliter. frugality, n. parsi- 
monia, frugalitas, diligentia. 

fruit, n. 1,/ructus, -us,fruges, -?<m( = frait 
collectively), fetus, -«s(=fruit,usu. as produced 

by generation), pomum ( = tree-fruit), l>aca ( — 
berry) ; to bear — , fructum ferre or r&idere ; to 
bear no — , sterilem esse ; 2, fig. — good and bad 
results, fruges, fructus, commoda, -orum, merces, 
-edis, pretium ( = reward). fruitful, adj. 
ferax, focundus, fertilis, opimus ( = rich, rank), 
uber, fructuosus, ifrugifer, \fructifer, t pomifcr. 
Adv. fecande, utiliter{ — profitably), fruitful- 
, ness, n. fertilitas, ubertas. fruition, n. usus, 
-txs,fructas, -us. fruitless, adj. iuutilis, steri- 
lie, cassus, irritus. Adv. incassum, frustra, ne- 
qui(c)quam,ad irritum, re Infectd. fruit-tree, 
n. pomum, pomus, f. 

frustrate, v.tr. ad vanum or ad irritum or 
ad vanum et irritum redigere, frustrari (rather in 
sense of deceive); to be frustrated, irritum fieri, 
ad irritum cadere or recidcre or venire; — a 
hope, spemfullere. frustration, II. frustratio. 

fry, I. n. 1, of fish, examen, fetus, -fis ; 2, of 
men, common — , p!ebs, plebecula. II. v.tr. 
assare, frigcre. frying - pan, n. sartago 
(Juv.), frixorium (Plin.); out of the — into 
the fire, ne praeter casam, ut aiunt, or de fumo 
nd fiammam. 

. fudge! interj. gerrae! nugas ! 

fuel, n. lignum (or pi.). 

fugitive, I. ndj. fugiens, fugax. II. n. domo 
or patrid prufugus, fugitivus, extorris. 

full, I. adj. aicjs rei or alqd re plenus, a!qd re 
completus, opptctus, confertus, refertus, abundansor 
affluens, frequens( — well attended, e.g. theatrum, 
senatus); to go with— sails, passis veils vehi; at 
— pace, gradu plena ; a — year, annus solidus, 
integer or totus. Adv. plene ; see Altogether, 
Quite; = copiously (of speech, etc.), copiose, 
latins, fuse, abundanter, uberius. II. v.tr. of 
cloth, durare, curare, full-blown, adj. 1, lit. 
apertns ; 2, fig., superbus, tumidus. full- 
grown, adj. adllttvs, pubes (puber). full- 
moon, n. luna plena, fulness, n. = abund- 
ance, ubertas, copia. fulfil, v.tr. conjlccre, effi- 
cere, ad effect urn adducere, exsequi, persequi, pcra- 
give, patrarc, perpetrare (e.g. facinus), consum- 
mare ( = t<> finish), alqd re fungi (— — an office). 
fulfilment, n. confectio. 

fuller, ii. fidlo (Plin.); — 's earth, creta 
fitllonica (Plin.). 

fulminate, v.tr. 1, ifulminare ( = to hurl 
thunderbolts and to cast down by) ; 2, fig. minas 
jactare. fulmination, n. minae. 



fulsome, adj. putidus ; — flattery, nivria, 
adulatio. Adv. putide, fulsomenees, n. mo- 

lestia, nimia adulatio. 

fumble, v.intr. see Feel. 

fume, I. n. fumus, vapor, faetor ( = bad 
smell), halitus, -He. II. v.intr. (cx)aestuare. 
fumigate, v.tr. suffumigare. 

fan, n. jocus, ludus. funny, adj. ridiadvs. 
Adv. ridicule. 

function, n. munue, -h-is, a., afftcium, 
mugistratus, -Us, procuratio, 

fund, n. 1, jiecunia ; 2, fig. by some special 
noun (e.g. — of knowledge, doctrina). funda- 
mental, adj. primus, principalis. Adv. fund' 
itus, penitus. fundamentals, n. elementa, 
■crrum, principia, -orum. 

funeral, I. n. fu nus, -eris, n. , exsequ iac, pompu 
funcris or pompa (= the procession), justa, -mum, 
justafuiicbrlai — the last tribute), sepxdtura ( — . 
interment). II. adj. funcbris, ffunereus; —pile, 
rogus, pyra. funereal, adj. funebris, luguoris. 

fungus, n. fungus, agaricon (Plin.). fun- 
gous, adj. fungosus (Plin.). 

funnel, n. infu(n)dibulum, cornu. 

fur, n. pellis. furry, adj. vellosus. furrier, 
n. pellio. 

furbelow, n. insiita. 

furbish, v.tr. interpolate, expolire. 

furl, v.tr. vela legere. 
fur'eng, n. stadium. 

furlough, n. commeatus, -us; to give — , alci 
commeatum dare ; on — , in com meat u esse. 
furnace, u. foruax. 

furnish, v.tr. 1, = to provide with, alqm 
alqd re instruire, ornarc ; 2, = to supply, 
suppeditare, praebere ; 3, = to fit up (as a house, 
with furniture), instruire, exornare et instruire, 
furnished, adj. alqd re instructus, praedilus. 
furniture, n. of a house, supellex, -lectllis, f., 
apparatus, -us. 

furrow, I. n. sulcus. II. v.tr. sulcos facire, 

agcre, ducire, sulcare. 

further, I. adj. ulterior. II. adv. 1, ulteri- 
us, amplius; 2, = in fut. porro, posthac; 3,= 
yet more, praeterea, ad hoc, jam, aidem, ac- 
cedit (quod), hue accedit quoil, addendum eodem 
est quod, ad(j)ice quod; what—? quid vis am- 
plius? quid porro t III. interj. perge ! pergite! 
pergamus! IV. v.tr. alqm or alqd (ad)juvare, 
alci or alci rei consulere. furtheranc?, n. 
auxilium. furtherer, n. adjutor. furthest, 
adj. idtimus. 

furtive, adj. furtivus. Adv. furtim, furtive. 

fury, n. furor, rabies; a — , Furia, Brinnye. 
furious, adj. rabidus, furioms, fvrens, fnri- 
bundus. Adv. rabide, furiose, furenter. 

furze, n. ulex (Plin.). 

fuse, v.tr. liquefacire, fundcre. fusible, 
adj. fusilis. fusion, n. fusio ( = outpouring). 

fuss, I. n. tumultus, -iis. II. v.intr. tumultu- 
ari. fussy, adj. curiosus. 

fustian, n. gausapa or gausapes. 

fusty, adj. see Mouldy. 

futile, adj. futilis, inanis, vanus. futility, 
n. futilitas, iiumitas, vanitas. 

future, I. adj. futurus, posterus ; a — gov- 
ernor, imperaturus. II. n. futura, -orum (e.g. 
scire, prospicire). futurity, n. tempus futuruvi 

«r posterum. 



gab 
G. 



702 



gau 



gabble, I. v.intx. garrife. 11. n. gtirrulitas. 

gable, n. fastigium. 

gad, v.intr. vagari. 

gadfly, n. oestrus, asilus, tabanus. 

gag, I. v.tv. os aid alga re obvolvfre rt jirwe- 
ligare. II. n. use noun describing the material 
nl' which gag is made (e.g. linteum in o.t injectum). 

gage, n. pignus, -oris, n. ; spo Pledge. 

gain, I. n. lucrum (opp. damnum, = loss or 
injury), quaestus, -us ( = profit), commodum ( = 
advantage), cmolumentum (opp. detrimentum), 
compt vallum (= savings), fructns, -us (— natural 
growth), praeda, or in pi. ( = booty), praemium 
(= a prize). II. v.tr. alqd lMcrari(opp. perdere), 
consequi, assequi, capere; ■ — a place (that is, to 
reach it after etlbrtj, locum capere, in alqm 
locum, cnili or evade re ; — a battle or 
victory, superiorem discedere, vincere ; tbe 
enemy lias — ed the day, hostis vicit or victor 
evasit ; — a wager, sponsions or sponsionem 
vincere; — a lawsuit, caus(s>/tm, judicium (or 
judicio) vincere, caus(s)ani tenere or obtinere ; — 
a prize, praemium auferre; — a person's friend- 
ship, in amicitiam alcjs recipi ; — over, concili- 
are ; to try to — over, alqd re hominum (plebis, 
etc.) animos ad benevolentiam allicere, conciliare 
ad benevolentiam. erga alqm. gainful, adj. 
guaestuosus, lucrosus. 

gainsay, v.tr. see Contradict. 

gait, n. Incessus, -us. 

gaiters, n. ocreae ( = leather coverings for 
soldiers, etc.). 

gala, n. see Festival. 

galaxy, n. nrbis, -is, m., or circnlus lactam, 
t via lactca. 

gale, n. 1, venlus magnus, aura (= breeze); 
2, lig. aura (e.g. popularis). 

gall, I. n. fel, bills. ILv.tr. 1, = rub, terere; 
2, llg. mordire. galling, adj. mordax. 

gallant, I. ndj. 1, = brave, fortis, animosus, 
strenuus; 2, = attentive to females, amori 
dediius, amatorius. Adv. fnrtiter, animose, 
strenue. II. n. 1, juvenis fori Is; 2, amator. 
gallantry, n. 1, virtus, -utis, {., fortitudo; 2, 
amores, -urn. 

gallery, n. porta:".s, f. (= an open — with pil- 
lars), xystus ( = walk oralley formed by two lines 
of trees), pinacotheca(— picture — ), superior locus 
(as in a theatre, e.g. ex super lore locospectare), en vea 
summa or ultima ( = the last row in a theatre ; to 
address the — , verba ad summam caveam spec- 
ta'ntia dicere) ; underground — , cuniculus. 

galley, n. navls actuaria ( = swift sailing 
ship); navls Innga, biremis, triremU ( = ship or 
war) ; t-> eondemn to the — s, ttltpn dare ad remum 
publirae triremis, 

gallipot, n. otlula (aul-). 

gallon, n. conglus. 

gallop, I. n. gradus, -its, retains ; at a — , 
equo admUso or laxatis habenis. IL v.intr. 
equo admisso, etc., vehi or currerc. 
' gallows, n. crux (crucifixion and strangling 
were the Roman equivalents for hanging, see 
Han-o). 

gamble, v.intr. ludlre ; — with dice, tesseris 
or talis ludere, aled ludere. gambler, n. 
aleotor. gambling, n. alia; to gain at — , 
prospers aled Hti. 

gambol, v.intr. ludere, lascivire. 

game, I. n. 1, ludus, lusio, Indlcrum (cap. 
:= public — ) ; — of chance, alea ; 2, = animal, 



ferae, on (able, caro ferina ; to make — of, aty n 
ludihrio Itabere, alqm ludere or iUudeee. II. 
v.intr. see Gamble, gamesome, adj. seo 
Playfcl. gamester, gaming, see Gamble. 
gaming-table, n. alveus. 

gammon, n. = — of bacon, perna. 

gammon, interj. = nonsense ! gerrae .' » ugas ! 

gander, n. aiu>er(mas or masculus, opp. ansrr 
fern inn). 

gang, n. caierm, operae (= of roughs). 
gangway, n./»rw& 

gangrene, n. ossium caries, gangraena, 

gaol, n.*" career, -eris, in., vinculo, -vrmn, 
gaoler, n. (carceris) cu-stos. 

gap, n. lacuna, hiatus, -vs. gape, v.intr. 
liia re. 

garbage, n. pitrgamenlum, quisquiliae. 

garble, v.tr. = to falsify, corrumpere, viliare. 

garden, I. n. hortus; a small — , hortnlux. 
II. v.intr. in Iiorlo fotFre, hortum colere. gar- 
den-stuff, n. olns, -eris, n. gardening, n. 
kortorum cultvs, -us. gardener, n. qui hortum 

col it. 

gargle, I. n. 1, gargarizatio (='the act,. 
Cels.) ; 2, for the tluid use verb. II. v.intr. 
gargarizare (ex) alqd re (Cels.). 

garish, adj. 1, = bright, clarus, splendidus; 
2, =gay, nitidus{= spruce), fucatns{= rouged). 

garland, n. sertum. 

garlic, n. a(l)lium. 

garment, n. rcstis; see Clothes. 

garner, I. n. horreum. II. v.tr. condere. 

garnish, v.tr. (er)ornare, instrv^re. 

garret, n. cenacidum superius; to live in 
a — , sub tegnlis habitare, in superiors habitare 
cenaculo, Iribusscalis habitare (=up three pair 
of stairs). 

garrison, I. n. pracsidium, milites praesl- 
diarii. II. v.tr. urbi praesidinm imponere, in 
urbe pr. (eol)lncare. 

garrulity, n. garrulitas, loqvacilas. gar- 
rulous, adj. garruhts, loquax, verbosus. Adv. 
loquaciter. 

garter, n. *periscSlis (mediaeval), in pi. 
t genitalia, -ium (Ov.). 

gas, n. spirilus, -ns, vapor, 'gas quod dieitiir. 

gasconade, n. jactatio, ostentatio, vendlia- 
tin (sui), venditatio quaedam cttquc ostentatio. 

gash, I. n. vulnvs, -Iris, n. II. v.tr. ml- 
ncra.rr. 

gasp, I. v.intr. aegre spirilnm ducbre, anhe- 
lore, \singultare. II. n. anhelUus, -lis, sin- 
gultus, -us. gasping, n. anhelUus, -vs. 

gastric, adj. ad etomachum pertinens. gas- 
tronomy, n. quae ad gtilam pertinent. 

gate, n. janua, porta (= — of a city), gate- 
keeper, n. janitor, gate-post, n. pt 

gather, I. v.tr. 1, legere (= to pick up), cd- 
ligire, conquirere (— to search out), conge, 
to heap up), coaccrrare ; — flowers, fores on , In ; 
— grapes, vindemiare; 2, =Conjectnre, con(_j)i- 
ccre. II. v.intr. 1, = assemble, conrrnirr, n»i- 
greqari ; 2, of a sore, suppurare. gathering, 
n. 1, = assembly, coetus,-us; 2, = a sore, sup- 
puratio (Cels.). 

gaudy, adj. fucatus, magnificus. Adv. mag- 
'iter. 

gauge, v.tr. metiri ; see Measure. 

gaunt, adj. exV.is; see Thin. 

gauntlet, n. manicae; to run the — , pa 
mTlUum ordines eurrentem virgis caedl. 



gau 



703 



gig 



gauze, n. vestis coa. 

gay, adj. 1, of mind, hilaris (hilarus), laetus; 
2, of colour, etc., splendidus, nitidus. Adv. 
hilars, laete. gaiety, n. hilaritas, laetitia. 

gaze (at), I. v.intr. in obtutu alcjs rei hae.rere 
dejixum, alqm or alqd intueri, coutucri, contem- 
vlari. II, n. obtutus, -us, conspectus, -fts. gaz- 
ing-stook, n. spectaeulum, 

gazette, n. acta (diurna), acta publico,, 
■ mum. 

gear, n. ornalus, -us, vestitvs, -fts, supdlex, 
■Urtilis, f. (—household). 

geld, v.tr. castrare. gelding, n. can- 
t(h)erius. 

gem, n. gemma, \lopis, \lapVlus (both also 
with generosus). 

gender, n. genus, -eris, n. genealogy, n. 
origo, slirps (== the branches of a family). 
genealogical, adj. de origins, etc., scriptus, 
ad originem pertiuens. 

general, I. n. dux, imperator(=g. -in-chief) ; 
the — 's teat, prac.torium ; to be — , exercitui 
praeesse ; to appoint anyone — , alqm exercitui 
praeficere. II. adj. generalis (= relating to the 
genus or whole), communis (= common to all, 
opp. singularis, = individually), vulgaris, comb. 
■vulgaris communisque ; omnium rerum, or merely 
omnium; — want, inopia omnium rerum; — con- 
versation, omnium tiominum sermo ; a — idea, 
nolio universa or summa, iwtio communis; the 
— good, omnium salus ; to devote to the — good, 
in commune conferre ; in — , ad summam, in 
universum, universe (opp. proprie, nominatim), 
omnino (opp. separatim), gene eat im 'opp. si(n)gil- 
latim, per singulas species), eommuniter. Adv. 
= usually, fere, ferme, vulgo, plcrumque. gene- 
rality, n. = most people, valgus, -i, n., plerique. 
generalization, n. quod de omnibus rebus 
dictum est. generalship, n. ductus, -us; 
under the — of Caesar, Caesare duce; to act 
with good — , summo consilio rem gerere. 

generate, v.tr. 1, gignere, generate, (pro)- 
ereare, parere ; 2, = cause, facers, efficere. gene- 
ration, n. 1, generatio, procreatio (e.g. liber- 
orum); 2, = age, saeculum, aetas ; the present 
— , hvjiis aetatis homines, qui nunc vivunt 
homines, generator, n. genitor, procreator. 
generative, adj. t genitalis; — organs, geni- 
talia, -ium. 

generous, adj. 1, = good of its kind, i gen- 
erosus, nobilis, ex i mius ; 2, = of a large heart, 
generosus, magnificus, benignv.s, Uberalis ; 3, = 
liberal, largus, Uberalis. Adv. bene, eximie, 
magnijice, benigne, liberaliler, large, gene- 
rosity, n. 1, see Excellence ; 2, magnificen- 
tia, magnanimitas, benignilas, liberalitas; 3, 
liberalitas, benignitas, benificentia. 

genesis, n. see Origin. 

genial, adj. comis, genialis (of things, e.g. 
hiem(p)s). Adv. comiter, genialiler. genia- 
lity, n. comitus. 

genitive, n. (casus) genitivus (Granim.). 

genius, n. 1, = an imaginary spirit, genius; 
2, = high, natural ability, ingenium, indoles, 
•is; of rude — , crassd Minerva; a man of — , 
vir magni or eluti ingenii, vir ingenio prae- 
stuns, magno ingenio prueditus homo. 

genteel, adj. honest us, elegans, urbanus. 
Adv. honeste, eleganter, urbane'. gentility, 
li. honestas, elcgantia, urbanitas. 

gentle, adj. 1, = well-born, generosus, in- 
genuus, nobilis; 2, = — in disposition, mitis, 
clcmens, mansuclus, placid its; 3, of wind, Jenis; 
of a hill, mollis, lenis. Adv. nohili loco orlus or 
natus, placide, leniter, molliter. gentleman, 



n. 1, homo generosus, ingenuus, nobilis, honfstn 
or nobili loco natus; 2, = \voll-bred, homo ur- 
banns, Uberalis* ingenuus, generosus. gentle- 
manly, adj. Uberalis, urbanus, ingenuus, gene- 
rosus, honestus. gentleness, n. 1, nobilitas; 
2, dementia, mansuetudo; 3, lenilas. gentry, 
ii. nobilitas, nob it es, -ium, optimates, -(i)nm. 
gentlewoman, n. see Lady. 
genuflexion, n. see Kneel. 

genuine, adj. sincei-us, merits, gerumnus. 
Adv. reapse, sincere, rere. genuineness, n. 
auctoritas, fides ; ninny doubt of the — of this 
book, multi dubitant hunc librum ab eo ad quern 
referlur conscriptum cesc. 

geography, n. *geographia, terrarum or 
regionum descriptio. 

geology, n. * geologia. geological, adj. 
* gcologicus ; — time, ivimensae antiquitatis. 

geometry, n. gcometria. geometrical, 
adj. geometricus (yewfierpixo?). geometer, or 
geometrician, n. geometres, -ae, m. 

germ, n. 1, = — of plants, t germen ; 2, tig. 
semen (e.g. malorum, discordiarum). germi- 
nate, v.intr. germinare (Plin.). germina- 
tion, n. gmninatio. germane, adj. affini&i 1 , 

Germany, n. Germania. German, adj. 
Germanicus. 

gestation, n. partus gerendi tempus (Plin.). 

gesture, n. gestus, -us (— the mode of carry- 
ing the body), comb, motus gestusque (gestus is 
used especially of speakers, players, etc.). ges- 
ticulate, v.intr. se jactare, gesticulari (Suet.), 
gestus facere or agere. gesticulation, n. 
jactatio, gestus, -us, motus, -its. 

get, v.tr. acquirere, conquirere, consequi, 
capers, adipisci, nancisci,(iom)parare, lucrari (= 
to get gain); — anything done, alqd faciendum, 
curare; — abroad, percrebresccre ; — off, discs- 
dire; — up, surgcrc; — down, descendire; — 
forward, projicerc, provehi ; — 111, introire ; — 
near, accedere ; — out, egredi ; — round, circum- 
venire; — by heart, memoriae alqd mandare ; 

— with child, graviilam facere ; — to, perrenirc ; 

— away ! aufer te liinc. 
gewgaws, n. nugae, lenocinium. 
ghastly, adj. 1, exsanguis, pallidus, cada- 

verosus, luridus; 2, see Terrible, ghastli- 
ness, n. 1, pallor; 2, see Horror. 

ghost, n. 1, = breath, spiritus, -ns, anima ; 
the Holy — , * Spiritus Functus, * Paracletus ; 2, 

— in pi. imaginary spirits, or the spirits of the 
dead, lemures (in gen.), manes (= the shade or 
ghost of a particular person), lares (=the good 
spirits worshipped in the home), of a single per- 
son, larva, umbra (= the shade). 

ghoul, n. larva teterrima. 

giant, n. homo ingenlis or immanis magnitu- 
dinis, homo eximid corporis magnitudine, vir 
■major quam pro humano habitu; the giants, 
gigantes ; one of the — , gigus. gigantic, adj. 
eximiae or ingentis or immanis magniludinis, 
eximid or ingenii or immani magnitudine ; a — 
labour, moles, -is. 

gibbet, n. sec Gallows. 

gibe, I. n. ludibrium, sanna (Juv.). II. 
v.tr. ludibrio habere. 

giddy, adj. 1, lit. vertiginosus (Plin.), 
rcrtigine correptus ; 2, fig. levis, invonstans. 
Adv. inconstanter. giddiness, n. 1, vertigo; 
2, animus levis. 

gift, n. donnm; see Give. 

gig, n. cisium. 

giggle, v.intr. effuse ridere,'inepte ridire, fur- 
tim cachinnare. 



feil 



704 



gd 



gild, v.tr. iilaurare, alci rei aumm illinHre 
or alqd auro illinere. 

gill, n. =a measure, hemina. 

gills, 11. branchiae (P\\r\.). 

gimlet, ii. terebra. 

gin, n. = trap, laqutus, tendicula. 

gingerly, adv. pedetentim (pedctewpt-), sen- 
elm. 

gipsy, n. " Clnganis, * Cingara, feni. 

giraffe, n. camfldpard&lis (Plln.). 

gird, v.tr. l,(sucyinglre, accingcre ; — your- 
self, {su'c)cingi or accingi (e.g. gladio, ferro) ; 2, 
rig. — oncse'lf to, = to apply to, se accingere 
or accingi ad alqd, or alci rei. girder, n. 
trabs. girdle, n. zona, cingulum, cestus, ballens 
(= belt). 

girl, n. puella, virgo. girlish, adj. puel- 
lari3,virginalie. Adv. more puellarum. girl- 
hood, n. aetas pitellaris ; she did it in her —, 
puella fecit. 

girth, n. 1, = distance or space round, 
ambitus, circuities, complexus, all -its; 2, of a 
horse, t cingula. 

give, v.tr. alqd alci dare, praebere, reddere, 
tradere, impertire, largiri, or alqm alqd re or alqd 
aid donare, ad alqd confer re (= contribute) ; to 

— for = to buy at, rem emcre tanti ; to — word 
for word, exprimire verbum de verbo ; — up, see 
Cease ; to — up for lost, desperare de alqo or 
aXqa re ; to — little attention to, pamm curare, 
neglegere (ueglig-) alqd ; to — up yourself = to 
surrender, se dare, manus dare, (con )cedere ; — in 
(of accounts), rationem reddere, referre; — to 
yield, see " — up yourself" above; — a blow, 
plagam alci in(j)icire. gift, n. donum, munvn, 
■trie, n., praeviium (= a reward or prize); to 
make a — , alci donum dare, alqm dono donare. 
gifted, "dj. alqd re, praeditu." ; a— man, rir 
simmi ingenii. giver, n. qui donum dat, 
largltor. 

gizzard, n. tiigluvies, gvttur. 

glad, adj. laetus, hilaris or hilarus ; —at, 
alqd re laetari, gaudSre. Adv. lacte, Mlare, 
hilariter. gladden, v.tr. alqm (cx)hilarare. 
gladness, n. laetitia, hilaritas. 

glade, n. silva. 

gladiator, n. gladiator, gladiatorial, 
adj. gladiatorius ; a trainer of — s, lanista. 

glance, I. n. (of the eyes), oculorum conjee- 
tus, -is. II. v.intr. 1, = shine, splendlre, fulgere, 
nltlre ; 2,— at, ocidos con(j)iclre in alqd, alqd 
Ihiter orstrictim attingcre or dieere, perstringere. 

gland, n. glans (Cels.). 

glare, I. v.intr. fnlgdre ( = be bright) ; 

— at, alqm or alqd intentis oculis tveri. II. n. 
fulgor, intenti (ut aiunt) oculi. 

glass, n. vilrum. glazier, n. vitrarius qui 
fenestris vitrum inserit. glassy, adj. vitreus. 

gleam, I. n. 1, fulgor ; 2, tig. aura ; — of 
hope, tplcula. II. v.intr. fulgere. 

glean, v.tr. 'spicilcgium facire ( = — in the 
field), racemari ( = — in the vineyard), glean- 
ing, n. spicilegium. 

glee, n. hilaritaa, laetitia. gleeful, adj. 
hilaris, laetus. Adv. hilariter, laete. 

glen, n. (con)rallis. 

glifc, adj. loquax, garrulns, volubilis. Adv. 
loquaciter, volubiliter, glibness, n. loqwicitas, 
garru'.itas, rolnbilitas. 

glide, v. (pro)labi. 

glimmer, v.intr. tubhttire. 

glimpse, n. see Sioiit, n. 



glisten, glitter, v.intr. mieare, Mncltn, 
fulgere, nitere, lucere, splendere. glistening, 
glittering, adj. Iwtidus, candidus ( = — 
while, opp. to niger, = — black), j coruscus, 
nitidus, splendidus, splendent, fulgent. 

gloat, v.intr. — over, se a(d)spectu alejs rei 
delectare. 

globe, n. globus, spliaera, orbis terrarvm. 
globular, adj. globosus. 

gloom, n. 1, lit. obscuritas, caUgo, tenebrae ; 
2, tig. animus dejectus, afflictus, caligo, tenebrae, 
tristitia, maeror, maestitia. gloomy, adj. 1, 
obscurus, ftenebrosus, caliginosus ; 2, tristis, 
maestus. Adv. obscure, per tentbras or caliginem. 
(e.g. visvs), maeste. 

glory, I. n. gloria, honos (honor), decus, -5ris, 
n. ; to be a — to, laudi or gloriae esse, alci, 
laudem alci afferre. II. v.intr. (de) alqd re 
gloriari (or with quod), glorify, v.tr. laudi- 
bus ornare or eflerre or tollere, alqm glorid 
ajftcere, alqm (laudibus) celebrare. glorious, 
adj. gloriosus, (prae)i:larus, amplvs (esp. in 
super].), illustris. Adv. gloriole, (praeyiare, 
ample, glorying, n. gleriatio, praediratio. 

gloss, I. n. 1, = a shining, nitor, candor; 
2, = an explanation, interpretatio. II. v.tr. — 
over, extemtare, mitigare. glossary, n. glos- 
sae. glossy, adj. nitidus. 

glove, ii. manicae (— sleeves). 

glow, I. n. ardor, fervor, aestus, -vs. II. 
v.intr. candcre, ardere, fcrvere ; to begin to — , 
(cx)ardescere, incandescere, excandesctre. glow- 
ing, adj. candens, ardens, ferirns, fcrvidus ; to 
have a — dosire foT desiderio alcjs flagrare. 
glow-worm, n. eivindSla, lampyris (Plin.). 

glue, I. n. ghttinum, gluten. II. v.tr. (con)- 
glutinare. glutinous, adj. ghiiinosus, lentus, 
viscosus. 

glut, I. v.tr. 1, lit. satire, saturare, explere ; 
2, tig. — the market, vilitatem annonat elfficere. 
II. n. satias, satietas. 

glutton, n. homoedax, rorax, gurges, -itis, m., 
he!(l)uo ; comb, gurges et hellvo. gluttonous, 
adj. edax, vorax, gulosus(Ju\. Sen.). Adv. avide. 
gluttony, n. hel(l)uatio, edacitas. 

gnarled, adj. see Knotty. 

gnash, v.tr. dentibus (i n) f render e, dentibus 
stridere or stridcre. gnashing, n. stridor den- 
tium (Cels.). 

gnat, n. culex. 

gnaw, v.tr. 1, alqd (ar)rodere, clrcumrodere ; 
2, fig. pungcre, cruciare, mordere. gnawing, 
adj. mordax. 

gnome, n. 1, see Maxim ; 2, see Fairy. 

go, v.intr. ire, gradi ( = to step), ingredi 
( — to step into), incrdere ( = to enter), vadlrc, 
ambulare ( = to walk), spatiari ( = to strut), 
eommeare ad alqm (in locum), procedure ( = to — 
forth); to — out, prodhe (of the harbour, c 
portu), exire, execdere, egredi; — \n,inire, intra- 
ire, intrare, ingredi ; — over, travsire, praeterire 
loeum(=: to pass by a place) ; — on board, (narem) 
a(d)scendh-e, contendere; — down, descendere ; 
— up, a(d)seendere ; —before, anteire, avle- 
gredi (with accus.) ; — through, transire ; = to 
set out, proceed, march, proficisci ( — — on foot 
or horseback); = to betake yourself,, conferre 
se alqo; — to make for, contendere alqo. In 
iinper. as command, <d>i ; rrfti hind apage 
tis! to let one — , alipn demittire ; where are 
you— ing? quo tendis? what are you — ing to 
do? quid cogilast to — and come, venire et 
redire, ire et red ire ; to — after, alqd pet ere ; — 
to see, spectatum ire ; — for someone, alqm 
circess^re; the affair begins to — better, incipit 



£oa 



705 



era 



res melius ire ; how goes it? how is it? hc-.v are 
you ? quomodo habes te i or est libi ? the answer 
is made by bene, recte, male, etc. ; so of health, 
quomodo rales? of action, quid agis? quid agi- 
turf is all well? answers, valeo, bene mecum 
agitur ; — for, = be sold at, emi or vendi, with 
genit. of price ; — about, = attempt, alqd expe- 
riri, moliri ; — beyond, excedere ; — off (of a 
weapon), emitti (with the thing shot as subj.). 
go-between, n. conciliator, interpret, -etis, 
in. and f., intrrnuntius. 

goad, I. n. stimtdus; to kick against a — , 
stimulum jntgnis caedere, adversum stimulum 
calcare. II. v.tr. alqm ad or in alqd stimidare, 
uicitare. 

goal, n. lueta (— the pillar at the end of the 
course; then in poets, lig.), calx (lit. and lig.). 

goat, n. copra, capella. he-goat, n. caper, 
hircus. goatherd, n. caprarius. 

gobble, v.tr. (de)rorar?. 

goblet, 11. scyphus; see Cur. 

goblin, n. umbra quae homines inquietat; 
• daemon, larva, in pi. lemures. 

God, n. Deus (as the highest being, often 
with title Optimus, Maximus), numen divinum, 
uumeii( = thenod,i.e. the supreme will), idivus; 
the — s, rfi'(0. t caclestcs, t caelites, t caelicolac, di(i) 
superi, super i also(opp. inferi); — of the house, 
lares, pe nates; to raise to the honours of a — , alqm 
in deorum numerum referre,alqm interdeos referre, 
alqm consecrarc ; to call — to witness, Deum 
testari; for — 's sake I beg, Deum testans oro te, 
pro Deum fidem ! by the — s, per deos ; so help 
me — , ita me Deus (ad\juvet or amet, hercule or 
mehercule, so also Deus me pcrdat I may — • be 
favourable, iii'(i) propitii sint ; in — 's name, quod 
bonum, j'austiun, felix fortunatumque sit! quod 
bene vertat ! — grant, faxit Deus! utinam tfi'(t) 
ita faxint! utinam Deus ratum essejubeat! — 
forbid! quod Deus prohibeat ! quod omen Deus 
avertat ! di meliora! goddess, n. dea, \dim. 
Godhead, n. numen. godless, adj. 1, impius 
(erga Deum, so erga patriam, erga parentes); 2, 
alkeus dt athtos(—Gocl-ienyms). godlessness, 
n. iniuietas erga deos. godlike, adj. divinus. 
godly, adj. pius erga deos. godliness, n. 
pietas erga deos. godsend, li. eptiaiov ut ita 
dicam (in colloquial passage); quod quasi divini- 
tus oblatum est. 

gold, n. auvum. gold-dust, n. hallux 
(Plin.). gold-leaf, n. bractea, auri lamina. 
gold-mine, n. aurifodina (Plin.). gold- 
smith, n. auri/ex. golden, adj. aureus, 
ex aura /actus. 

good, I. adj. bonus, (in gen. )jucundus, suavis, 
dulcis (= pleasant), probus (= what it ought to 
be), commodus (= having the right quantity or 
quality), opportu nus(= suitable), prosper, secun- 
dus (res prosperae, — — circumstances), vtilis(= 
useful), scdutaris (= healthful), honest us ( = moral- 
ly — , honourable), simplex (— unpretending), be- 
nignus (=kind); — health, bona valetudo ; —for 
anything, ad alqd utiles, commodus, opportunus, 
idoneus, aptus ; — eyes, oculi acres et acuti ; my — 
friend, o bone! sodes! a — many, plerique, aliquot, 
complures; a — part, bona pars( ~ a considerable 
part); a — while, aliquantuvi temporis; to be — 
for, as a remedy, aid rei or contra alqdprodesse, alci 
rei medcri, contra alqd efficacem esse ; to make — , 
alqdsarcire(e.g. detrimintumacceptum),alqd resti- 
tuere. II. interj. — bye, vale, are (valete, avetc, 
pi.); bent (agis), bene fecis ! bencfecisti! bene ha- 
bet! euge, (well !) non repngno ! nihil imped io ! 
III. n. bonum; the highest — , summum bonum ; 
external — s, externa bona, -orum, res extcrnae or 
humaiiae; — s, = possessions, bona ; = wares or | 
;nerclinndise, merx ; to do much — , de mnltis bene j 

23 



mereri; — to, con/trre in alqm beneficia (multa), 
bene de ulqo mereri ; to turn to — , alqd in bonum 
vertere. good - breeding, n. humanitas. 
good-fellowship, n. comitas. good-for- 
nothing, adj. nequam. good-humour, n. 
comitas, Jacilitas. good-humoured, adj. 
comis, facilis, benignus. Adv. comit-er, benigne. 
good - looking, adj. pulcher, x-enustus. 
goodly, adj. 1, see Good-lookiso ; 2, = large, 
magnus. good-nature, n. see Good-humour. 
goodness, n. 1, = excellence, bonilas; 2, 
moral—, probitas, virtus, -utis, f.; 3, = kindness, 
benignitas, bonitas. 

goose, n. anser, m., or anser femina ; — flesh, 
caro auserina. 

Jfore, I. n. cruor. II. v.tr. transfigure, cen- 
tre, gory, adj. criuntus, cruentatus. 

gorge, I. n. 1, = throat, gnla. guttur ; 2, 
= a narrow pass, angustiae, saltus, -iis. II. 
v.tr. alqm (ex)satiare, alqm (ex)saturare; — one- 
self, exsatiari {vino ciboque). 

gorgeous, adj. S}ilen<lidus, magnificus, lavtus. 
Adv. sple)ulide, magnifice, laute. gorgeous 
ness, n. splendor, inagnijicentia. 

gormandize, v.intr. hel(l)uari. gorman- 
dizer, li. hel(l)uo. 
gospel, n. * evangcliuM. 
gossamer, n. aranea (= spider's web). 

gossip, I. n. 1, =idle talk, sermo, rumor; 2, 

— talkative person, homo garrulus, femina gar- 
rula; 3, == friend, familiaris. II. v.intr. ser- 
monem cum alqo conjerre. 

gouge, v.tr. scalpro eximere or exsecare. 

gourd, n. cucurbita. 

gout, n. arthritis; — in the hands, chinigm; 

— in the feet, poddgra. gouty, adj. arthri- 

ticus. 

govern, v.tr. 1, = — a province, etc., guber- 
nare, administrare, gercre, temixtrare, curare, rei- 
publicae praeesse ; 2, in gen. = — temper, etc., aid 
rei moderari, alqd temperare, regere, coercere. gov- 
ernment, n. 1, =: governing, administratio, 
procuratio, cura ; 2, = power, imp-rhim, reg- 
num, dicio ; 3, as place, provincia ; 4, = rulei-s, 
ii penes uuos est reipublicae administratis. 

fovemor, n. 1, in gen. gubernator, rector; 
, state — , praefectus, propraetor, proconsul, 
legal us. 

gown, n. toga, vestis ; a lawyer's — , toga 
forensis ; the manly — , toga vi-rilis ; a morning 
— , toga cubicttlaris or domestica ; a woman's — , 
palla, stola. 

grace, L n. 1, = favour, gratia, favor, comb. 
gratia et favor, studium, comb, studium et favor, 
voluntas (— inclination), btnevolcntia (= kind- 
ness), indulgentia (= special favour), beneficium, 
I'enia (= pardon) ; he grows in — , maclus est vir- 
tute ; by the — of God, Dei beneficio, Deo favente ; 

— in speaking, facundia, lepos; — at meals, 
gratiarum (= thanks) actio; to be in the good — » 
of, apud alqm plurimum gratia polllre ; to gain 
the — of, alcjs gratiam sibi conciliare ; your — , 
'Cleinentia tua ; the --s, Gratiae; with a good, 
bad — , cum bond, maid gratia (Ter.) ; 2, — grace- 
fulness, t'eiu<scas(=attraction, charm), elegantia ; 
lepos (— — in words) ; feminine — , muliebris ven.- 
ustas; — of expression, suavitas dicendi. II. 
v.tr. honestare, (ad)ornare, decorare. graceful, 
adj. venustus, dtcorus, elegans, lepiaus. Adv. 
venuste, decore, eleganter, lepide. graceless, 
adj. improbus. Adv. improbe. gracious, adj. 
propitius (esp. of gods); see Kind. 

grade, n. = a step, gradus, -us, a(d)scensus, 
■ iis (= a step up) ; there are many — s in human 
society, gradus plures sunt societatis hominnm ; 



gra 



TOO 



grt 



— of lioiiolll', Bmdiw honoris or dignitatis. 
gradual, adj.,' gradually, adv. pergradvs, 
grudatim, or pai((f)fr(tini, Rensi'm. graduate, 

I, v.intr. *ad gradum [Baccalaurei in artttnis, 
= as B.A., etc.) admitti. II. n. *<hJ gradum 
(Baccalaurei, etc.) ctifwwiia. 

graft, I. ii. surcuhts. II. v.tr. surcrUum 
ar'iori inserere. 

grain, n. 1, = a seed, etc., granum, mica 
(e.g. Balis); 2, = corn, frumentnm. 

graminivorous, adj. (animal) quod herbis 
pascititr. 

grammar, n. 1, = the science of — , gram- 
matica, -ae, or grammatica, -orum, or gramma- 
tice ; 2, — a book on — , liber grammaticus or 
ad grammaticam rationem pertinens. . gram- 
matical, adj. grammaticus. Adv. grammatice 
(Quint.), grammarian, n. grammaticus. 

granary, n. horreum, granaria, -orum. 

grand, ndj. graiidis, eximius, magnificus, 
amplus. Adv. eximie, magnifi.ee, ample, gran- 
deur, n. amplitudo, majestas. grandees, n. 
procerus, optimates. grandiloquent, adj. 
grandiloquus, magniloquus (late in prose), tumi- 
dus. Adv. tumide. grandiloquence, n. 
oratin tumida. granddaughter, n. neptis. 
grandfather, n. amis, grandmother, n. 
atria, grandson, n. nepos. great-grand- 
daughter, n. proneptis. great-grand- 
father, n. proaru$(so backward, obdvtis, ata vus, 
tritdvus). great-grandmother, n. proa via, 
great-grandson, n. pronepos. 

grange, u. 1, = barn, horreum ; 2, = 
country-house, villa. 

granite, n. lapis, lapidis, m., saxum, 

grant, I. n, gratia, ben-cfidum, donum, prae- 
mitim, venia, concessio (= the granting). II. v.tr. 
cmxedere ; see Give; sincre(— allow); this — ed, 
ftoc dato or concesso ; — ed that, or that not, vt 
sit, ne sit, ut non sit, 

grape, n. acinus or acinum (=a single grape), 
uva (=a bunch of grapes). 

graphic, adj. expressv.s ; to give a — de- 
scription, alqd tanquam 6i'b ocnlos suKJ)ic?re. 
Adv. dare. 

grapple, v.tr. cum alqo lucktH. grap- 
pling-iron, n. ferrea, mania, -Us, harpago. 

grasp, I. v.tr. 1, (ap)prehendire, compre- 
hendere, prevsare ; — anyone's hand, manum 
alcjs amplecti; 2, fig. concipCre, intdlegire; see 
Comprehend ; — at, alqd (ap)pet&re, capture. 

II. n. 1, compUxus, -vs ; to wrest from the — , de 
-nwnibus alqd extor quire; 2, mens, captus, -us. 
grasping, adj. avarus. 

grass, n. gramen, herba (= the youn<* and 
fresh grass), grassy, adj. herbidus, Vieroosus, 
gramineus. grasshopper, n. grvllvs (grillvs) 
(Plin.). 

grate, n. focus, caminns. 

grate, v.tr. 1, = rub, eonkrire ; 2, fig. see 
Annoy, grating, n. cancelli, clathri. 

grateful, adj. 1, =s pleasant, (jier)gratus, 
acceptus, comb, gratus ucccptusque, jucundus, 
perjucundus, suavis; 2, = thankful, gratus, 
beneficii or bencficiarum memor, comb, memor 
grat usque.. Adv. grate, grato animo. grati- 
tude, n. gratus animus, memor beneficii or 
beneficionna animus, gratus animus et beneficii 
memor, grata beneficii memoria. gratify, v.tr. 
alci gnitificari, alqm delectare, morem alci genre. 
gratification, n. expktio (= satisfaction), 
delectatio ; to have — from, voluptatem c.r «/</"" 
repercipere. gratifying, adj. gratus. gratis. 
adv. grat(i)is, sine mcrcede, comb. grat(i)is et situ 
viercede, gratuitn, sine jirttio. gratuitous, 



adj. grat u it us. Adv. see Gratis, gratully.il, 
see Alms, Gift. 

grave, adj. gravi3(==tul\ of excellence), serins, 
sevens, gravity, ii. 1, gravitas, severitas; to 
have — of face (= look grave), indium ad severi- 
tatem eomponcre, also vultum compnwrc ; 2, 
(in physics) gravitas. gravitation, 1). 
vis ct gravitas alcjs rei, pondus, -eris, n., et 
gravitas. 

grave, I. n. 1, sepulc(h)rum, bustum, tumulus 
(=a mound); to carry to the — , sepelire,exsequias 
alcjs fvneris prosequi: 2, = death, mors, infer i ; 
he took the hope with him into the — s moriens 
ferebat secum span. II. v.tr. see Enorave. 

gravel, n. glarea. 

gravy, n. jus, juris, n., sucus. 

gray, adj. canvs(= turning white, as the hair 
from ago), rams (of the sea, the eyes), caesius 
(= blue-green, esp. of the eyes), glaucus(rit the 
eyes, etc.), (capilli) cani (= gray hairs), gray- 
beard, n. senez. grayness, n. canities. 

graze, I. v.tr. pascere. II, v.intr. pasci. 
grazier, n. pecuaritis. 

graze, v.tr. = touch, stringere, radire. 

grease, I. n. adeps, lardum. II. v.tr. 
ung(u)ere, alqd alqd re illincre, perlinere (Col.), 
oblinere. greasy, adj. «ncf«s(= rubbed with 

grease), pinguis (= fat). 

great, adj. magnus, grandis, amplus, vastus, 
immanis, spotiosns (= roomy) procerus (= tall), 
altns (= high or deep), (ex)celsus (=lofty) ; a — 
assembly, convenlus, -us, celeber; a — man, vir 
magnus, clnrus, or ilhistris; a — statesman, rei- 
publicae gerendae scicntissimns ; too — , nimivs; 
extraordinarily — , ingens, praegrand : s ; very — , 
maximus (maxu-) (in reference to contents and 
quantity), summvs (=tho highest in regard to 
rank or position), suprcmus (\n relation to rank 
and to inferiors). Adv. magnopere, vulde, vehe- 
menter (e.g. veh. commotus, — disturbed). 
"Greatest" must often be expressed by supeila'- 
tives ; the — enemy, alcjs or alci inimicissimus ; 
— chatterer, homo loqvacissimus or omnium lo- 
quacissimus ; so — , iantus ; how — , qnantvs ; 
si. ever — , quantuscunque, quantnsvis, quantus- 
librt ; as — again, altero tanto major; twice as 
— , dvpln major, duplus; as — as, tantus, fol- 
lowed by quantus or instar (e.g. insiar montis) ; 
the — , nobi'cs, optimates; —grandfather, see 
under Grand, greatcoat, n. pallium, lacenta, 
paenula (all = cloak), greatness, n. 1, mag- 
nitude, amplitudo ; 2, — of mind, animi dkjni- 
tag, gravitas, amplitudo, magnitudo, magiiani- 
mitas. 

greaves, n. ocreae. 

Greece, n. Graecia. Greek, adj. Graecus. 

greedy, adj. alcjs rei avidus, cupidus. Adv. 
avidc, cupide. greediness, n. aviditas, cu- 
piditu.s. See Gluttony. 

green, I. adj. 1, viridis (in gen.), rirens 
(= still green), glaucus (= sea-green) ; 2, = 
fresh, mens, virus, crudus (not ripe). II, n. 1, 
viriditas, color viridis; 2, =» grassy spaces, 
campus, greens, n. oh-ra, -urn, green- 
grocer, n. qui olera vendit. greenhouse, 
n. perhaps sub vitro esse or habere (= to be or 
keep in a — ). greenness, n. viriditas. 

greet, v.tr. (con)sahitare, alqm liberalitcr 
appellors, sahttem alci dare, alqm solvere jvberr. 
greeting, n. (am^salutatia, salus, -utis, f., 
appellatio (= address). 

gregarious, adj. qui congregari solent. 

gridiron, n. cratictda (Mart.). 

grief, n. oegritudo (for any disturbance of 



gri 



70' 



blind), sol(i)ici(udo (= anxiety), rZuZor (=pain of 
heart), maeror (=sadness), luctus, -iis (=. sorrow, 
eup. the display of it), angor. grieve, I. v.tr. 
alqrn dolors aMdre, dolor cm alci afferre, alqm alcjs 
rei piget. II. v.intr. muerere alqd, dolere ulgd (da 
or ex) alqd re, tdgm alcjs rei piget. grievance, n. 
injuria (= wrong done), querimonia, querel(l)a 
(—complaint), grievous, adj. acerbus, gravis, 
molestus. Adv. accrbe, molests, gmvlter. griev- 
ousness, u. accrbitas, violent ia, gravitas. 

griffin, n. gryps. 

grill, v.tr. see Roast. 

grim, adj. Uorvus, ftrux, saevus. Adv. saeve, 
ferociter. grimness, n. saevitia, ferocia, fero- 
sitas. 

grimace, n. os distortion ; to make — s, os 
ducerc, os (dis)torquere. 

grimy, adj. see Dirty. 

grin, I. n. use rictus, -us. II. v.intr. use 
rictu ridcre. 

grind, v.tr. 1, moKre; to — the teeth, denti- 
bus frendere ; 2, — the face of the poor, egentes 
vexare, prcm&re. grinder, n, 1, qui alqd molit; 
2, of teeth, dens gemiimis. grindstone, n. cos. 

grip, I. v.tr. see Seize. II. n. mania, -us, 
f. gripe, v.tr. — to give pain, alqvi tormini- 
busufficire ; to be— ed, torminibus or ex intestinis 
laborare, torminibus affectum esse, gripes, 11. 
tormina, -urn. 

grisly, adj. foedus, tctcr. grisly-bear, n. 

ursus. 

grist, n. farina; to bring — to his own mill, 
quaestuni ad se redigire. 

gristle, n. cartildgo (Plin.). gristly, adj. 
cartilagineus (Plin.). 

grit, n. ptisana {— — of barley) (Cels.), arena 
(= — of sand). 

groan, I. v.intr. gemere, gemitus edere. II. 
n. gemitus, -iis. 

grocer, n. qui aromata vendil. grocery, 
n. aromata, -urn (= spices (Col.)). 

groin, n. inguen. 

groom, I. n. agdso, equiso ; — of the cham- 
ber, cubicularius. II, v.tr. curare. 

groove, n. candlis, canaliculus, stria. 
grope, v.intr. errare; — ono's way, iter ex- 
plorare. Adv. pedetemptim (pedetent-). 
gross, I. adj. 1, = thick, crassus, densus ; 2, 

— too great, nimiiis, incredibilis ; 3, = disgrace- 
ful, turpi*, foedus, indecOrus. Adv. dense, nimi- 
um, incredibilitcr, lurpiUr, foede, indecore. II. 
ii. 1, = 114, duodecies duodecim ; 2, in the — , 
fere, ferme (= generally), in universum (ss alto- 
gether), grossness, n. 1, crassitudo, densitas; 
2, iiimia magnitude-; 3, turpitudo, foeditas ; 

— of manners, inhumanitas. 

grotesque, adj. immanis, minis. Adv. 
mire, grotesqueness, n. mira species. 
grotto, n. antrum. 

ground, J. n. l,humus,f., solum, terra; on the 
— . humi ; 2, = reason of a thing, fundamentum, 
ratio, caus(s)a, principium ; 8, = — -of a battle, 
locus; 4, to gain — ,, proJicSre ; of a rumour, pcrcrc- 
bescere. II. v.tr. = teach, alqm alqd docire. III. 
v.intr. of a ship, sidcre. groundless, adj. 
ninus, futilis, fictus. Adv. sine caus(s)d, tern- 
ere, ex va.no. groundlessness, n. vanitas. 
groundwork, n. 1, of a building, sub- 
structio, fundamentum; 2, fig. fundamentum, 
principium. 

group, I. n. catena, globus, circulus. II. 
v.tr. diaponere. grouping, n. dispusitio. 
grove, n. lucus, nemus, -oris, n., arbustum. 



7 gill 

grovel, v.intr. humi jaoere, humi serpeft. 
grovelling, adj. abjectvs, huntilis, sordidus, 
submissiis, servilis, lurpis. Adv. hnmiliiet, so? - - 
dide, suhmisse, serviiittr, turpiter. 

grow, I. v.intr. crescere, augeri, ingraveseere 
(— worse) ; to let the beard — , barbam promU- 
tire; — up, adolcscerc, yubescerc. II. v.tr. alere, 
colire. grower, n. cultor. grown-up, adj. 
adultus, pv.bcs, grandis. growth, n. ductus, 
-v.s, incrementum. 

growl, I. n. fremitus, -us. II. v.intr. fre~ 
mire. 

grub, I. n. vermiculus. IL v.tr. — up, eruere. 

grudge, I. n. simultas, invidia(~ a dislike). 
II. v.tr. atci alqd invidere ; see Envy. 

gruel, n. cremor avenae, ptisana, pulti- 
cula. 

gruff, adj. acerbus, raucus, asper. Adv. 
raucd voce, gruffness, n. rauca vox. 

grumblo, v.intr. murmurare, mussare. 

grunt, I. n. grunn'Uus, -us. II. v.intr. otiui- 
nire. 

guarantee, I. n. 1, = surety, sponsio, vadi- 
monium(— recognizance), fides; 2, ^guarantor, 
vas, praes, sjionsor, obses, -idis, in. and f. ( = 
hostage). II. v.tr. alqm or alqd or de alqd re 
praestare, fidem alci dare or interponcre, pro 
alqo (pecuniam) intercedere. 

guard, n. 1, = a watch for the security of 
others, custodia, praesidium, excubiae,~vigiliae, 
statio ( = a post or filo of men) ; to keep — , excu- 
liare, excubias habere or agere, vigilias agere, 
stationem agere or habere, in statione esse; others 
mount — , alii succedunt in stationem (all of 
military matters) ; 2, = the persons forming the 
guard, custodes, excubiac, excuoitorcs(=^ — s for the 
security of a place), vigiliae, vigilcs ( = — s by 
night), statio ; to place the — , custodias or vigilias 
or staliones disponcre. II. v.tr. custodire, alciOrei) 
praesidere; see Protect; — against, ulqd or 
ab alqd re praecavcre. guardian, n. 1, in gen. 
defensor, praeses, custos, propugnator ; 2, ■= — of 
a ward, tutor, curator, guardianship, n. 1, 
custodia, praesidium, fides, tutela; 2, tutela. 
guarded, adj. cautus. Adv. caute. 

guerdon, n. praemlum, vierces, -Mis, f, 

guess, I. v.tr. alqd (opinione or conjecturd) 
augurari, con(j)ictre, conjeclurd consequi, opinari, 
suspicari. II. n. conjectura. 

guest, n. hospes, -itis, m., hospita, f. ( = one 
who is received into the home and entertained 
there) ; to receive as — , alqm hospitio exciptre ;■ 
one brought uninvited, umbra, guest-cham- 
ber, n. cubiculum hospitale. 

guide, I. n. 1, lit. dux; 2, fig. dux, auctor, 
suasor. II. v.tr. 1, ducerc; 2,regire, gubeinare, 
vwderari. guidance, n. ductus, -us, consilium, 
or use dux, auctor (e.g. te duce). guide-post, 
n, lapis or milliarium (= mile-stone). 

guild, n. collegium, guildhall, n. curia. 

guile, n. dolus, astutia. guileful, adj- 
doTosus. astutus. Adv. dolose, astute, guile- 
less, adj. simplex, sineerw. Adv. simplicitTr, 
sincere, sincfuco ac fallacils. guilelessness, 
n. simplicUas. 

guilt, n. ritiiini, culpa, noxia ( = — as a con- 
dition), nam ( = injury), delictum ( = crime). 
guilty, adj. noxius, sons, sceleratiis. Adv. 
scelerate. guiltless, adj. inuocens, insons, 
culpa vacuus or carens ; to be — , extra noxiam 
esse, extra culpam esse, integer. 

guise, n. mos, moris, m., habitus, -iis, species. 

gulf, n. sinus, -iis ( = a hay), gnrges, -iti*, m., 
vorago ( = a whirlpool). 



gul 



708 



Iiaa 



gull, I. n. gavia. II. v.tr. alqm decipcre, 
alci verba dare, gullible, adj. credulus. 
, gullet, n. gula, guttur. 

gully, n. alveus (= bed of a stream). 

gulp, I. n. haustns, -iis. II. v.tr. haurirc, 
absorber e. 

gum, I. n. 1, of the mouth, gingiva; 2, of 
trees, etc., gummi (Plin.). II. v.tr. glutinare 
(Plin.). gummy, adj. gummosus (Plin.), glvti- 
nosus (Cels.). 

gun, n. * sclopctum, where possible use tor- 
mentum (= engine for hurling stones, ^ etc.). 
gunpowder, n. * pulvis pyrius. 

gurgle, v.intr. miirmurare, f susurrare. 

gush, v.intr. — out, effundi or se effundere ex 
alqd re. » 

gust, n. venti impetus, -us, ventus violens, 
procella. gusty, adj. turbUlu.t, procellosus. 

gut, n. I. intestiniim. II. v.tr. 1, exenterare 
(ante and post class.) ; 2, lig. exinanire. 

gutter, n. canalis, cloaca. 

guttiiral, adj. (sonus) gravis. 

guzzli, v.intr. (per)potare. guzzler, n. 
homo ebriosus. 

gymnasium, n. gymnasium, palaestra. 
gymnastic, adj. gymnicus,palaestricvs. gym- 
nastics, n. ars gymnastica, palaestra. 

gypsum, n. gypsum. 

gypsy, n. see Gipbt. 



H. 

ha! interj. ha! 

haberdasher, n. qui pannos vendit. ha- 
berdashery, n. panni. 

habiliment, n. vestis, vestitus, -its. 

habit, n. 1, consuetwio, mos, moris, m., 
usus, -lis ; 2, of body, habitus, -us ; 3, see Habili- 
ment, habitable, adj. habitabilis. habita- 
tion, u. domidlium, sedes, -is, comb, sedes et do- 
micilinm, habitatio. habitual, adj. {ureteral us, 
usitatus, tisu receptus ; — drunkard, ebriosus. 
Adv. de or ex more, habituate, v.tr. alqm 
assuefacere (with Infln. or ad). 

hack, v.tr. caedere ; — in pieces, concidere. 
hackneyed, adj. tritus. 

haft, n. manubrium, capulus ( = hilt of a 
sword). 

hag, n. mius, -lis, or anicida ; an old — , 
vetnla. haggard, adj. morbo or maerore con- 
fectus. 

haggle, v.tr. 1, in buying, minore pretio 
alqd emere velle, pretium facire ( = set a price) ; 
2, sec Quarrel. 

hail, I. n. grando. II. v.intr. it, — s, gran- 
dinat (Sen.). 

hail, I. v.tr. alqm salutare, appellare. II. 

interj. salve ! ave ! — to you ! made esto! macte 
virtute esto! o tefdicem ! 

hair, n. pilns ( = a single — ), pill ( = — 
in general), seta ( = a bristle), crinis, coma ( = 
the hair of the head), coesarles ( = flowing — ), 
villus, villi, ( = the thick hair of beasts, e.g. 
villosissimvs animalium lepus) ; a fine — , ptlus 
tenuis ; thick — , pilvs crassits ; thin — . pili rari ; 
downy — , lanugo; — of the eyenrows, super- 
cilia, -orum ; to cut — , pilos recldcre, tondcrr ; 
to ft — , rem acu tetigisti, rem ipsam putasti; 
the account tallies to a — , ratio ad nummum 



convenit; not a — 's breadth, ab alqd re non 
transversum, ut aiunt, dig Hum dL*cedere ; 
false — , capillamentum (Suet.), alieni capilli ; 
a — band, rrdimiculum, vitta. hair-cloth, n. 
ciiicium. hairdresser, n. tonsor, cinerarius. 
hairpin, n. crinale. hairsplitting, n. 
disserendi spinas, minuta subtilitas. hairy, 
adj. crinitus, capillatus, comatus (opp. calms), 
intonsus ( = unshared), pilosus, setosus, capil- 
losus, comosus (— having much hair); to be — , 
pilos habere. 

halcyon, I. n. (h)alcedo, (h)alcyon. II. 
adj. srremis ; — days, dies sereni et tranquilli, 
(hydcedonia, -orum, (h)alcyonei dies. 

hale, adj. sanus, validus, robustus ; comb 
salvus et sanus, sanus ei salvus. 

hale, v.tr. rapere, trahere. 

half, I. adj. dimidius, dimidiatus. II. n. 
dimidium, dimidia pars, semis (e.g. heir to — an 
estate, lieres ex seinisse). III. adv. semi as prefix, 
e.g. half-asieep, adj. semisommis or semisom- 
nis. half-brother, U. eodempatre, eiidem matre 
natus. half-circle, n. semicircuhts. half- 
hour, n. semihora. half-moon, n. luva di- 
midiata. half-open, adj. semiapertus. half- 
ounce, n. semuncia. half-pound, n. selibra. 
half-sister, n, eodem patre or eddem matre 
nata. halve, v.tr. in aequas partes dividere. 
halved, adj. bipar&ius, dimidiatus. halves! 
interj. in commune ! (Sen.) ; to go — , dimidiam 
cum alqo partem dividere. 

hall, n. atrium, vestibulum ; — for public 
meetings, forum, conciliabulum. 

halloo, I. n. = the — of hunters, venantium 
voces ; (in gen.) clamor, clamores. II. v.intr. 
clamare, voci/erari. halloo! interj. heus.'ohe! 

hallow, v.tr. consecrare, dedicare, inaugur- 
ate, hallowed, adj. sacer, sanetus. 

hallucination, n. error. 

halm, ii. admits, calamus (—reed). 

halo, u. corona (hniae), area (lunae) (Sen.). 

halt, I. adj. claudus. II. v.intr. 1, = to 
walk as a lame person, claudicare, elaudum esse; 
2, = to stop, subsistere, consistere; 3, = to 
hesitate, dubitare, animo pendere, animo esse 
suspenso, haerrre, claudicare (e.g. si quid in 
nostril orationc claudicat). III. n. use verb. 
halter, n. capistrum (= — for a horse) ; to put 
on a — , capistrare (e.g. equum, bores); laqueus 
(= noose and — for strangling, e.g. yulam laqueo 
frangere). 

ham, n. 1, = back of the knee,poples, -itis, m.; 
2, = salted — , perna. hamstring, I. n. jioj>- 
litis nervus. II. v.tr. poplitis nervum secure. 

hamlet, n. viculus, parvus vicus. 

hammer, I. n. malleus ; a small — , malleo- 
lus. II. v.tr. malleo (con)tundere ; — out, 
d uce re. 

hamper, n. corbis ; see Basket. 

hamper, v.tr. implicare, alqm impedire. 

hand, I. n. 1, manus, -iis, f. ; the 1ml. 
low of the — , palma ; — s off ! heus tu, 
manum de tabula ! to give a person the 
— , alci dextram porrigere ; to join — s, dex- 
tram jungire cum alqo; — with I. v.tr. alqm ducere, alci ducem or auctorcm 
esse, alci or alci rei praeesse. head-ache, n. 
capitis dolor, head-band, n. bifida, vitta, re- 
dimiculum. head-dress, n. vitta, rediiniculum, 
mitra. header, n. see Dive, headland, n. 
promontorium. headless, adj. capite praeciso. 
headlong, adj. inconsideratus, inconsultus (= 
foolish), incautus (= incautious); improvidus (= 
thoughtless), comb, improvidus incautusquc; im- 
prudens; temerartus(= rash, e.g. vox temeraria, a 
rash expression), comb, inconsultus et temerarius, 
temerar ius atque inconsideratus ; demeus, praeceps. 
Adv. temere, or by adj. praeceps. head-man, 
n. praefectxts (with gen. or dat.), magister, 
praeses, -idis (— president, chairman), head- 
piece, n. cassis, -Idis, f. (of metal), galea (of 
leather), head- quarters, n. praeiorium. 
headship, n. locus princeps or primus, prin- 
cipatus, -us. headstrong, adj. pertinax, 
contumax(— obstinate), ptrvicax. head-wind, 
n. ventus adversus. heady, adj. 1, = head- 
strong, vehement (= vehement, opp. lenis, placi- 
dus); 2, = intoxicating, fervidus. 

heal, I. v.tr. 1, alqm or alqd sanare, sanitm 
facere,alci or alci rei mederi(=to apply medicines, 
to restore), alqm or alqd curare (=to treat a 
complaint, take care of a person, nurse) ; 2, 
rig. alqm or alcjs a.nimum sanare, alqm ad 
sanitatem reducers or perducire or rcvocare, alci 
rei mederi. II. v.intr. rcoire (of wounds), 
consanescere, sanum fieri (= to get better), heal- 
able, adj. sauabilis, quod sanari potest, heal- 
ing, I. adj. saluber, salutaris (= conducive to 
health, lit. and fig.), utilis (= useful, lit. and 
fig.). II. n. 1, sanatio (= art of curing), curatio 
(= treatment of a complaint, but not cure) ; 
2, fig. sanatio. health, n. sanitas ; bona, com- 
moda, firma, prospcra valetudo ( = good health ; 
valet udo alone = state of health), salus, -utis, f., 
corporis or valetudinis integritas (= sound con- 
stitution), salubritas, salutem alci propinare (= to 
propose, drink the — of), bene te ! bene tibi ! 
(= your good — I), healthful, healthy, a dj- 



sanus, salvus (= in good condition, in good 
health), integer (= uninjured, sound), valeus, 
validus, firmus (—strong), robustus (= robust, 
stout), comb, robustus et valens, firmus et valens; 
saluber or salitbris (= of a place), salutaris 
(=. salutary, wholesome, opp. jiestilens), sanus 
et salvus, salvus et sanus (=safe and sound), 
air saluber (— atmosphere, opp. aer pestilens), 
■mens sana (= sound mind). Adv. salubritcr, 
belle. 

heap, I. n. acervus, straw, -is, f., cumulus, 

agger (=a mass, mound); to fall all in a — , col- 
labi, corrucre. II. v.tr. 1, acervum construerc, 
cumulum exstrucrc, coacervare, uggerare, con- 
gcrere; 2, fig. alqm alqd re cumularc, alqd in 
alqm con- (or in-) gcrere (e.g. convicla = abuse), 
alqd alci rei addere. 

hear, v.tr. and intr. 1, audirc, auscultare, to 

— badly, surdum esse (never male audire — to be 
in bad repute) ; 2, = to listen, audire, auscultare 
(= to be a listener), alqd audire (— to listen to), 
alcjs rei rationem non habere (= to make no 
account of), aici awes dare (= to lend an atten- 
tive car), alqm audire, alci auscultare (= to follow 
an advice), ausculta mihi (= follow my advice); 
3, =to learn, (ex)audire(o{ gods hearing prayer, 
etc.), percipere (= to — distinctly, to under- 
stand), accipere (= to learn from hearsay), exci- 
pere or excipere auribus (= to — with pleasure, 
to receive, to catch), alqd or de alqd re cognosccre 
{— to become acquainted with), cumperire (— to 
receive information) ; to — a cause, caus(s)am 
cognosccre; — a lecturer, alqm audire ; quantum, 
audio (= from what I — ), quod nos quidem audie- 
Hmus(= at least as far as I have heard), de rebus 
suis alqm facere cerliorem (= to let a person — 
from one), hearer, n. auditor (to be an atten- 
tive — , diligenter audire alqm, studiosum esse 
alcjs audiendi, multam operant dare alci, se alci 
attentum praebere aiulitorem. hearing, n. 1, 
auditus, -its, scil. auditus acutus ; 2, = audi- 
ence, audientia; to get a — for, alci audientiam 
facere (for a public speaker) ; facere sibi audi- 
entiam (for oneself), audiri (= to find hearers); 
3, = judicial trial, cognilio, interrogatio, inter- 
rogate testium (= — of wituesses) ; seo Trial. 
hearsay, n. rumor. 

hearken, v. intr. , see Hear. 

hearse, n. plauslrum or vehiculum. 

heart, n. 1, lit. cor, cordis, n., pectus, -oris, 
n. (= the chest, breast) ; t praecordia, -orum, 
cor palpitat ( = the heart beats) ; 2, fig. of a 
country, interior alcjs terrae regio, interiora 
(■um) alcjs terrae, or intimus with n. (e.g. India 
ultima); 3, the — morally, inwardly, animus; 
mens, -ntis, f. ( = mind, disposition), comb. 
animus et mens (= — and mind); voluntas 
(= inclination): ingenium (= natural disposi- 
tion) ; nalura (= human nature) ; naturd vir 
bonus (= good in — ) ; pectus, -6ris, n. (= breast); 
bonitas (=: good — ); animus benignus, benig- 
nitas (= kindness) ; animus miiis (= gentleness 
of — ) ; animus improbus, improbitas (= deprav- 
ity of — ); animus fractus or afflictus(= a broken 
— ); ex animo (—from the — ); ex (animi) senten- 
I'm (= from my — 's desire); I have at — , alqd 
or alqs mild curae or co/'di est ; alqd mihi summae 
curae est, alqd mihi in medullis est ; nihil est mihi 
alqd reantiquius(= I am particularly anxious); 
nihil mihi potivs est, quota, ut, etc. (= I have 
nothing more at — than that) ; to tako to — , 
alqd re (cont)moveri ; to be grieved at — about, 
alqd aegre ferre ; 4, as endearing term, = my 
dear, meum cor or anime mi, meum corctdum ; 5, 
= courage, animus ; 6, = memory ; b; . me- 
moriter, ex memoria; to know by — , mernorid 
tev.ere or cqmphcti, in meworia habere; to learn 



hea 



712 



hei 



by — , ediscere, memoriae mandare, traderc, com- 
viit'.ere ;• to say ofl' by — , mcmoriter pronuntiare 
or recitare, ex memorid exponcre. heart-ache, 
n. dolor ; see Grief, Sorrow, heart '. - eak, 
n. dolor, heart-breaking, heart-rend- 
ing, adj. mistrabilis, rnaestus, acerbus, flebilis. 
heart -broken, adj. animo fractus or affile- 
tits, heart-burning, n. lig. od>vm occultum 
or inclusum (= secret hatred); simultas obs- 
diwa (= secret dislike, political enmity, Cic.) ; 
dolor (= pain), heartfelt, adj. verus, sincerus, 
sinefuco acfallaciis. heartless, adj. 1, = with- 
out courage, Hmidus, hvmilis, demissus, comb. 
humilis clique demissus (= low, downcast) ; abjec- 
tus or abjectior, affiictns, fractus, comb, demissus 
fractusque, fractus el demissvs (— with a broken 
heart, spirit); perculsus, profligatus, comb, per- 
culsus et abjectvs (= prostrated) ; tristis, rnaestus 
(= sad, sorrowful) ; 2, = cruel, crudelis, ferreus, 
immitis, inhumanus, saemts, severus. Adv. 
timide, humili animo, demissc, demisso animo, 
humUi atque demisso animo ; abjecte, abjecto or 
fracto or affiicto animo, demisso fractoque animo ; 
timido animo, tristi animo; cruilr.liter, saei'e, 
severe, inhumane, heartlessness, n. crudeli- 
tas, severitas, inhumnnitas, saevitia. heart- 
shaped, adj. ad cordis speciem foetus, heart- 
sick, adj. animo aeger. heart-whole, adj. 
nondum amore captus. hearty, adj. 1, verus (= 
true, opp. falsus), sincerus (opp. fucatus) ; comb. 
sincerus atque verus ; incorrupt us (= genuine, not 
bribed, opp. corruptus) ; emididus (= candid) ; 
si mplex (— upright) ; integer (= pure) ; apertus 
{— open-hearted, opp. tectus), comb, apertus ct 
simplex; 2, = vigorous, vcgelus, vividus, vigens 
(= fresh in mind and body), n/acer(= lively); 
valens,robustus, fortis, firmus (= strong) ; 8, — 
cordial, benigmts.bnicrolvs, amicus; to receive a 

— welcome, summo studio excipi; to give one a 

— welcome, alqm summo studio excipere. Adv. 
sincere, vcre, simpliciter, sine fuco «c fallaciis, 
alacriter, fortiter,firme, firmiler, benigne, amice. 
heartiness, n. 1, reritas, sinceritas, simpli- 
citas ; 2, alacritas, fortitudo ; 3, benignitas, ami- 
citia, lienevolentia, studium, 

hearth, n. focus. 

heat, I. n. 1, color (in gen. 'opp. frigus); 
ardor(= burning — ),fervor(— roaring—), aestus, 
.vs (= scorching, fever — ) ; all these also in 
the pi. ; 2, fig. = ardour, impetus, -vs, ardor, 
/error (animi), lis; gravitas (= powerfulness, 
scil. belli); ivcitatio (= vehemence, impe- 
tus), violentia (= violence), ardor juvenilis, 
ardor or fervor aetatis (= fieriness of youth); 
ira (= anger) ; impetus et ira, impotcntia (= 
ungovernableness, excess of passion); iraevn- 
dia(— hastiness of temper); 3,= course at a 
race, cursus, -us. II. v.tr. 1 (\\t.),(j>cr)calefacere, 
fervefacire (esp. in past, part.); 2 (lig.), ical(e)- 
faccre, accendere, incendere, infiammarc. heat- 
ed, adj., see Hot. 

heath, n. 1, =a plant, er'tce, -a, f. (Plin.) ; 2, 
= a place overgrown with heath, loca (-orum) 
deserta or inculta, campi inculti (= barren 
country); 3,= a place overgrown with shrubs 
of any kind, silva. 

heathen, adj. ethnicus, gentilis, paganus 
(Eccl.); otherwise sacrorum Christianorum 
erpers ; the — , barbarae gentes. 

heave, I. v.tr. = to move upwards, (aty 
tollere, extollere,(al)levare ; MMKnere(=toholdup, 
scil. arma) ; — a sigh, gemitnm dare, edere. II. 
v.intr. t aestunre, fivctvare, t tumesccre, \tomere 
(of the waves, etc.), anhelarc (of the breast). 

heaven, n. 1, caelum, tj<ohw(= sky) ; t Olym- 
pus (= abode of the gods); to praise anyone 
or anything to the skies, alqm or nlqd in caelum 
tollsfe; n y —I medita JMLivf! 2. = 0Qjl ( Pens 



(Oplimus Maximus), di(i), (dci) t supcri; may—, 
fulfil your wishes! dt(i) tibi dent (or De us tibi 
det) ; if — pleases, si di(i)s (or Deo) placet ; 
thank — ! di\i)s (or Deo) gratia ! in the name of 
— , per Dcum (or deos) ; for — 's sake! per deos 
immortoles I proh deum fidem ! proh deum atque 
hominumfdem ; — forbid, di i leliora. heaver- 
born, adj. t caeligenus, caelestis, divinus. 
heavenly, adj. 1, caelestis, divinus; 2, = 
very charming, venustus, bellus. heavenward, 
adv. in or ad caelum. 

heavy, adj. 1, lit. gravis (opp. levis), ponde- 
rosus ; 2, tig. gravis, difficilis, molestus ( = 
troublesome) ; it is — to bear, acgre id fero ; it 
is a — task for me, grave mihi est alqd ; ~ of 
weighty material, gravis (opp. levis); — (= 
indigestible) food, cibus difficilis ad conewpten- 
dum ; of air, caelum crassum, pingue ; a — 
(= rich) soil, solum pingue ; a — (= hard) soil, 
solum spissum ; — oppressive, gravis (opp. 
levis); magnus (= great, e.g. imbcr magma, — 
rain); of speech, jejunus, frigidus ; periculosu* 
(= dangerous) ; mortiferius) (= fatal, causing 
death); atrox (fearful) ; to labour under a — 
disease, graviter aegrotare. Adv. graviter, diffi- 
cilitcr, molesle, aegre ; vasto corpore (= — built) ; 
magnopere. heavy-armed, adj. qui gravi 
armatu sunt, gravioris armatus. heaviness, 
n. 1, gravitas, pondus, -eris, n. ; 2, gravitas, 
difficultas, molestia ; crassitudo (of the air), solum 
pingue or spissum (of ground); = — of mind, 
sol(i)icitudo ; anxietas, macror,maestitia, tristitia. 

Hebrew, adj. Hebraeus or Hebraicus. 

hecatomb, n. hecatombe. 

hectic, adj. febriculosus. 

hector, v.intr. se jactare. hectoring, 
adj. gloriosus, 

hedge, I. n. saepes, -is, f. (sep-), saepimentum. 
II. v.tr. saepire. hedge-born, adj. teuui loco 
ortus; humili or obscuro or ignobili loco natus. 
hedge-hog, n. ericius, erinaceus (riin.), echi- 
nus. 

heed, I. v.tr. 1, = take care, alqd curare, 
obserrare; 2, = obey, alci oboedire {obed-),parere. 
II. n. cura ; take — , (prae)carcre alqd, ub alqd 
re, ut or ne. heedful, adj. 1, cautus, circum- 
spectans ; 2, oboediens. Adv. caute, oboedienter. 
heedless, 1, = neglectful, neglege.ns (negli- 
gens); 2, — rash, temerarius. Adv. neglegcnter, 
tcmerc. heedlessness, n. 1, neglcgentia; 2, 
temeritas. 

heel, I. n. 1, = the hind part of the foot of 
man and of quadrupeds, calx ; 2, = whole foot, 
to be at one's — s, alcjs vestigiis instate, alcjs 
vestigia premere, alqm vestigiis sequi ; to fall head 
over — s, ire praccipitcm per caput vedesque ; 
II. v.intr. of a ship, labare or in latustabi. 

heft, n. manubrium. 

heifer, n. juvenca. 

height, n. 1, lit. altitudo (e.g. hominis, 
mantis, etc.), proceritas (= tallness) ; 2, fig. 
altitudo, suolimitus, or by adj. summus witli 
special D. (e.g. — of glory, s?(wnio gloria); 
3 = high place, locus editus or superior. 
heighten, v.tr. 1, = to raise higher, lit. alqd 
altiuseferre; 2, = to improve, cferre; = to raise, 
to increase, augere ; — to enlarge, amphficure, 
exaggerate, (cx)ornare ; — to raise the price of an 
article, pretium alcjs rei tjferrt; — to sell at a 
higher price, carius vendere alqd. 

heinous, adj. foedus (- foul, loathsome, lit, 
and tig.); -impious, impius (crga Deum, erga 
patriam, ergaparentes) ; = detestable, abominan- 
dus, detestandus, detestabilis ; — wicked, vefariiu, 
nejdndus, scelestus, sceleratus, immanis, atrox, 
flngitiosus, Adv. fbe&e, nefafie, comb, imp\fi 



hei 



713 



Let 



nefarieque, nefande, scehste, scelerate, impie, atro- 
titer, fiagitiose. neinousness, n. imptitus, 
atrocitas, scelus, -eris, n., or /acinus, -oris, n. (= 
the act). 

heir, n. heres, -edis, m. & f.; the — to the whole 
fortune, sole — , heres ex asse ; — to half the 
property, heres ex dimidid parte ; to name one 
his — , alqm heredem instituere, alqm heredem 
{testamento) scribere, facere. heiress, n. heres, 
f. heirloom, n. alqd paternmn {et avitum). 
heirship, n. hereditas. 

hell, n. 1, inferi, Tartar us{os) or pi. Tartara ; 
2, eccl. t.t. Gehenna, [a/emus, hellhound, 
n. Furia, Erin{n)ys. hellish, adj. infernvs 
(lit.); = dreadful, terribilis; — diabolical, ne- 
fundus. 

hellebore, n. {hyileborus, veratrum. 

Hellenic, adj. Graecus. 

helm, ii. lit, and fig. gubernaculum ; the 
handle of the — , or the — itself, clavus. 
helmsman, n. gubernator (lit. and lig.). 

helmet, n. cassis, -idis (of metal) ; galea 
(originally of skin). 

help, I. n. aiixilium(= increase of power, aid 
in need, in pi. auxilia, = auxiliaries); subsidium 
(= aid ready to be supplied ; in pi. = the re- 
serves), ops, f. (only opis, opem, ope in use, = 
power to assist), adjumentum (= a means), orna- 
jnentum {— a supply or support), praesidium 
{— something set before to shield you), sup- 
petiae (= present aid, succour, of troops, etc.), 
salus, -idis, f. (= rescue, sustentation of exist- 
ence), opera (= — in act and deed) ; with any- 
one's — , alcjs auxilio or ope or operd, alqo adju- 
vante, alqo adjutore, divind ope ; " with the — 
of a thing' 1 may be expressed by the ablative 
(e.g. with the — of genius and reflection, in- 
genio et cogitations). II. v.tr. 1, alqm in alqd re 
or ad alqd faciendum (ad)juvare, alci subesse, and 
subvenire, succurrere, auxiliari (rare) ; so — me 
God, ita me Dexts adjuvet ; — ! subveni, or pi. 
subvenite! 2, of food, alqd alci dare, porrigcre, 
dividere ; 3, = hinder, I can't — telling, {facere) 
non possum quin dicam, so fieri non potest quia. 
helper, n. adjutor, adjutrix. helpful, adj. 
ittilis, aptus, idoneus ; he is — to me, auxilio 
mihi est ; to be — , = Help. Adv. idiliter, apte. 
helping, adj. auxiliuris, auxiliarius (more 
usually = belonging to auxiliary forces), help- 
less, adj. inermis (or -us), inops or auxilii inops, 
auxilio orbatus ; thoroughly — , ad summam 
omnium rerum inopiam redactus. helpless- 
ness, n. inopia. helpmeet, u. socius, con- 
sors, -lis, m. and f., maritus (= husband), itxor, 
f. (= wife). 

helter-skelter, I. adj. praeceps. II. adv. 
raptim. 

hem, I. n. limbus, instita (both, however, = 
fringe or border sewn on). II. v.tr. 1, suere 
(= sew); 2, fig. — in, circumsedere, obsidere, 
circumvallare (with entrenchments). 

hem, I. v.intr. to — and haw, haesitare, 
dubitare. II. interj. {e)hem! 

hemisphere, n. hemisphaerium. 

hemorrhage, n. haemorrhagia (PI in.). 

hemp, n. cannabis, -is, f. hempen, adj. 
cannabi7Lus. 

hen, n. 1, opp. to male, femina ; 2, domestic 
fowl, gailina. hen-coop, n. cavea. hen- 
house, n. gallinarium {Piin.). hen-pecked, 
adj. {maritus) cut uxor imperat. 

hence, adv. 1, of place, hinc; as interj., 
apage, procul; 2, of time, by abl. (e.g. paucis 
aitbus, a few days — ), or post (e.g. post paucos 
dies); 3, — for this reason, hinc, ita, quam ob 

23* 



rem (or, as one word, quttmohrtm). hence- 
forth, henceforward, adv. dehinc, post- 
hac. 

her, I. pers. pron., see Sub. II. adj. ejus, 
illitis, suus (only in ref, to .subj. of sentence). 

herald, I. n. 1, raduceator, (legatus) fetiaiU 
(= belonging to a college of priests instituted to 
declare war or to ratify a peace) ; 2, = public, 
crier, praeco ; 3, — forerunner, praenuntlva, 
II. v.tr. nuntiare. 

herb, n. 1, herba; 2, = kitchen-sl;iff, oliis, 
oleris, n. herbage, n. herba or herbae, t gram- 
en. herbalist, n. herbarlns. 

herculean, adj. firti*siinus{— very strong). 

herd, I. n. 1, grex; of large cattle, et<:., 
armentum ; of a — , gregalis, gregarius; in — s, gre- 
gatim; 2, = a company of people, grex, multi- 
tude, caterva ; the common — , mtlgus, -i, n. II. 
v.tr. pascere. III. v.intr. congregari. herds- 
man, n. in gen. pastor ; = keeper of large cattle, 
armentarius. 

here, adv. hie (= where the speaker is); not 
far from — , haud procul ; hoc loco, hac regione 
(= in this place); from —(hence), hinc; only 

— and there, rarus (adv. raro) ; they fought 
only — and there, rari praeliabantur; — ami 
there, in this and that place, hac atque iliac ; 

— (that is, in this thing), hac in re. here- 
after, adv. posthac, uliquando. herein, adv. 
in hac re. hereupon, adv. ad haec (e.g. ad 
haec or adcersus haec respond)!). 

hereditary, adj. hereditarily, paternvs (as 
transmitted from a parent to a child), heri- 
tage, n. = an inherited estate, heredimn, heredi- 
tas, patrimonium. 

heresy, n. haeresU (Eccl.). heretio, n. 
haereticus. heretical, adj. haereticus (Eccl.). 

hermaphrodite, n. androgynes, homo utri- 
usque sexiis. 
hermetically, adv. arte clausus. 

hermit, n. homo solitarius, eremita, ana. 
chorela, -ae, m. (Eccl.). 

hero, n. 1, (= demigod, son of the gods, illus- 
trious person), heros,-ois, in. ; 2, = brave man, 
vir fortis or fortissimus, duxfurtissimns; 3, = the 
principal person in a poem, de quo (fabula) scripta 
est; — of the drama, persona prima, heroic, 
adj. 1, heroicus (e.g. the — age, aetas heroica, tern- 
pora,-um, heroica), praestans; 2, = brave, valiant, 
fortis, fortis et ininctus ; = godly, divinus ; = 
superhuman, major quam poo homine or plus 
qiuim humanus ; = incredible, incredibilis. 
Adv. fortiter, invicte, praestanter. heroine, 
n. 1, =demi-goddess, heroina, htrois ; 2,= 
brave woman, femina fortissima, praestantissima, 
etc ; 3, — of a story, de qua {fabula) scripta est. 
heroism, n. virtus, -idis, animus fortis or 
fortis ei invictus {— brave spirit) ; = greatness of 
soul, animi magnitudo. 

heron, n. ardea. 

hers, pron. suus (in reference to the main 
subject) ; ejus, illius (not in reference to the 
main subject). 

herself, pron. (w) i^su, se, etc. (in ref. to 
subj. of sentence). 

hesitate, v.intr. 1, dubitare with infln. (but 
non dubitare (puin), dubium (= doubtful) or i?icer- 
tum{= uncertain) esse ; I — what to do, dubiusat 
inctrtussum quidfaciam ; 2, = to get confused in 
speaking, haerere, hutsiture. hesitation, n. 
1, dubitatio, haesitatio ; 2, hatsitatia, haesitan- 
tia linguae. 

heterogeneous, adj. diversuset dissimilis. 
heterogeneousness, n. natura diversa et 
dissimilis. 



hew 



■14 



his 



hew, v.tr. caedere, cmuidhe (soil, lignum). 
hewer, n. qui liana caedit. hewn, a<lj. quad- 
ratus (e.g. sarum). 

hexameter, n. hexameter (or -trus). 

hey, interj. cja ! age! heyday, n. (aetatis) 
Jlos, Jloris, m.. rbbUT, -oris, 11. 

hiatus, n. hiatus, -us (in sound) ; there is an 
*— (in MS.), alqd deest. 

hibernal, adj. hibemus. hibernate, v. intr. 
1, = to pass the winter, hibernare ; 2, — to 
sleep through the winter, per hiemem dormire or 
quiescere. 

hiccough, hiccup, n. singultus, -us (PVm.). 

hide, I. n. corium, tcrgum, vellus, -tris, n., 
pellis. II. v.tr. abdere, abscondere, condcrc, 
celare, oceullre, oceultare ; — and seek, (pmcros) 
latitantes conqnirere. hidden, adj. abditus, etc.; 
to lie — , latere, hiding-place, n. latibulum. 

hideous, adj. foedus, deformis; see Uoly. 
Adv. focde. hideousness, n. focditas, de- 
formitas. 

hierarchy, n. of priests, sacerdotium. 

hieroglyphical, adj. *hieroglyphicns,*hier- 
ographicus. 

higgle, v.intr., see Haggle, higgledy- 
piggledy, adv. confuse. 

high, I. adj. 1, altus (= the. distance from the 
ground, opp. hnmilis, profundus), (ex)cel3us, (in 
alt urn) edit us (= raised, opp. planus), clntus (= 
lifted up, and specially of words and manner), 
erectus (=■ straight up, hence lofty in thought), 
(aditu) arduus (= hard of ascent), procerus (= 
stretching up, opp. brcvis, used only of things 
high by growth), sublimit (= rising from be' 
up to heaven), aevtus (= sharp, clear, of tones, 
most — , summvs (opp. imus, infimus), snpremus 
(in rank, opp. infimus); the — est God, Dens 
svpremns, Deus opt imus maximus; fifty feet — , 
quinqunginta pedes alius; to be fifty feet — , in 
altitudinem quinquaginta pedum eminere ; 2, a 

— price, pretium magnum ; to be of — price, 
magni pretii esse, magna constare ; to buy at — 
price, magno or (pretio) impenso emere (dear) ; 
to rise, to bid — er (at an auction), contra 
liceri ; to set a — value on, alqd magni aesti- 
mare, alqd magno aestimare, alci rei multum tri- 
buere; to stand — , magnum pretium habere; to 
stand — er than, praestare alci rei ; 3, fig. it 
is too — for me, alqd mente med cssequi or 
capere von possum; 4, = bad, of meat, etc., 
rancidus, putcr (pvtris). II. adv. alte; to aim 
— , mag Has res (apypetere. high-born, adj. 
generosus, nobili loco ortus. high-bred, adj. 
1, by birth, generosus ; 2, fig. generosus, ur- 
banus. high -day, n. dies fe'stus. high- 
flown, adj. tumidus; to use — words, (ini- 
pvUari, nullum nudum habere. Mgh-bandcd, 
a Ij. siLperbus, imperiosvs. high-heeled, adj. 

— boot, cothurnus (of tragedy), highlands, 
adj. loca mont(u)osa, -arum: higblander, 
n. homo montaniis. highly, adv. magni (e.g. 
magni aestima/re, to value — ), wide, magnopere. 
high-mettled, adj. arer. high-minded. 
adj. magnanimus, generosus. high-minded 
ness, n. magnanimitas. highness, n. alti- 
tude ; of price, caritas. high-priced, adj. 
ranu. high-priest, n. J'ontifer Maximus. 
high-shouldered, adj. gibber (= hunch- 
backed), high-spirited, adj. generosus, 
fortis, animosus. high-treason, n. majestas, 
perduellio. high- water, high -tide, n. 
plurimus aestus, -us, accessus, -iis. highway, 
n. via. highwayman, n. latro, grassator. 

hilarity, n. hilaritas (= merriness) ; = joy, 
laetitia, animus laetus or hilaris. 
hill, n. tollis, m. ; = height, clivus; = mound, 



tumulus; = elevated spot, locus edilus or super- 
ior; up — , acclivis, adj.; adverse tblle, adv.; 
down — , deelivis (opp. acclivis). hillock, n. 
tumulus, hilly, adj. \clivosus, mont(u)osus. 

hilt, n. capulus. 

hind, n. = female stag, cerva. 

hind, n. 1, '= servant, dovi'esticus (= house- 
servant), servus; 2, = peasant, agricola, rustiens, 
arator (= ploughman). 

hind, adj. aversus (— wrong side, opp. ad ver- 
sus): = that is behind, posterior (= hindei). 
hindermost, adj. postremus; (of two) pos- 
terior; = the last of a number, uliimvs; = the 
most remote, extremus. 

hinder, v.tr. impedire, prohibcre alqm or 
alqd, (of)) alqa re, quin or quominvs; — in n 
thing, impedimenta esse edei (alci rei) ad edqd ; 
in gen. impedimentum afferre alci rei faciendae ; 
= to be in the way of, cibstare alci and alci rei ; 
= to oppose, officere alci and alci rei, prohibde 
or arcere alqm alqa re or ab alqd re ; = to retard, 
retardare alqm ad alqd faciendum or ab alqd re 
facienda or in alqd re ; = to delay a thing, 
■moron facere alci rei. aid obstare, officere, or with 
quominvs or quin. hindercr, n. turbator (e.g. 
pads), = who interrupts anyone in speaking, 
interpolator (e.g. sermonis); = interrupter, in- 
tcrrentor. hindrance, n. impedimentum. ; — 
interruption, interpellatio; = delay, mora; = 
difficulty, difficnltas. 

hinge, I. n. 1, cardo, m. ; 2, = a leading 
principle, caput ; — the main thing in anything, 
summa. alejs rei ; the — on which a question 
turns, cardo; = the deciding point, momentum, 
TI, v.intr. alqd re contineri, in alqd re versari ; 
>ee above. 

hint, I. n. significaUo; a — is sufficient, 
rem astendisse satis est. II. v.intr. alqd alci 
sul>(j)icere (= to remind privily). 

hip, li, coxendix. 

hire, I. n. 1, = hiring, conductio ; 2, = wages, 
merces, -edis ; see Wages. II. v.tr. conducere ; 
to — oneself out, se or operant suam loeare 
(Plautus). hireling, I. n. = one who 
serves for wages, homo condveticins, mercenarivs 
(i.e. serving for wages), homo (miles) mercede 
conductus (= engaged for hire). II, adj. venalis; 
see Venal, hirer, n. conductor. 

his, adj. suus (in reference to the subject of 
the same sentence, and if in a dependent sentence 
the subject of the principal sentence is referred 
to) ; ejus, illius (if not referring to the subject) ; 

— own, suns (proprius) (if referring to the 
subject) ; ejus proprius (if not retelling to the. 
subject) ; is not expressed in Latin, unless we 
wish to speak emphatically. 

hiss, I. v.intr. sibilare (resembling tlio 
noise made by serpents), sibilum mittere or 
(ef)fundere ; to utter a shrilling sound, slridere 
(stridere). II. v.tr. (an actor or speaker) sibi- 
lare ; to — off (a bad actoroff the stage) (e scaend 
sibilis) explodire. III. n. sibiius (poet. pi. sibila). 

hist I interj. st I 

historian, n. rcrum, [gestarum or antiqna- 
rum) scriptor or auettr, in the context only 
seriptor ; historkus. historic, adj. historicus ; 

— style of writing, genus hisioricum (opp. genus 
oratoriuin,ete-.); by historiae rerum (e g. — fldel< 
it y, authority, rerum or hi storiae fides, faUshislori- 
ca) ; — writings, Kbri ad historiam pertinentes; 
according to — truth, ad historiae fidem. Adv. 
historice. (Plin. Min.). history, n, historia, 
rerum gestarum memoria, res (gestae) , annates. 

histrionic, adj. sracnicus (seen-) ; — what 
occurs on the scene of action, thetttralis ; — artj 
ars ludicra. 



hit 



715 



horn 



hit, Lv.tr, 1, lit. ferire, tunders, vercutirc ; 

= not to miss, tangere (in gen. = to touch); 
to — with a blow, icire ; to be — by lightning, 
de caclo tang I or id ; to — the mark, colline- 
are or scopum ferire (lit. and flg. but rare) ; 

2, — it off =to agree, convenire; to be hard 
— , probe factum esse ; — upon, alqm or alqd 
(iffendere, in alqm or alqd incidere, incurrere ; 
Frov. " you have — the nail on the head," acu 
t€tigisti; the word — s we,sermono* tanyit ; to 
be — by calamities, calomitate affligi. II. n. 1, 
ictuij -us; 2, = a casual event, fors, fortis, f. ; 
a lucky — ,fortuna secunda, felicitas; = injury, 
plaga; "a— ," hochabet^ = "he has caught it"); 

3, = a sudden idea, cogitatio repentina. 
hitch, I. v.tr. = to join together, conjun- 

gfire ; =to tie to, annectere ad or dat. II. n. = 
hindrance, impeaimentum. 

hither, adv. of place, 7i«o (where the 
speaker is) ; — and thither, hue illuc, hue et 
illuc, vitro et citro ; by ad in composition (e.g. 
to bring — , afferre, apportare ; to fly — , adro- 
lare) ; — 1 hue ades ! hitherto, adv. = up to 
this time, adhuc, adhuc usque, ad hoc tempus, ad 
hunc diem. 

hive, I. n. 1, (apium) examen ; 2, = box 
for the reception of a swarm of honey-bees, 
alms or alveus. II, v.tr. = to — bees, in 
alveum congerere. 

ho ! interj. hens ! 

hoar, adj. canvs, t incanus ; — antiquity, 
antiquitas ultima, hoar-frost, n. pruina, 
pruinae (the latter esp. of continued frost). 
hoary, adj. canus, t incanus. 

hoard, I. n. (= a large stock) copiu, iacervus ; 
to have a — of anything, alqd re abundare. II, 
v.tr. e.g. to — money, pecuniamov oiies undiqiie 
conquirere (= to collect), coacervore, 

hoarse, adj. raucus; a little — ,subraucus; 
asper (in gen. opp. lenis) ; to demand till one 
becomes. — , usque ad ravim poscere. Adv. raucd 
voce, hoarseness, n. rauca vox; — of throat, 
f duces raueae. 

hoax, I. n. ludificatio, or circumloc. by verb. 
II. v.tr. alci illudere, alqm (lepide) ludificari. 

hobble, v.intr. claudicare (lit. and flg.). 
hobblingly, adv. claudo pede. 

hobby, n. 1, = a stick or figure of a horse, 
on which boys ride, + arundo ; to ride on a — , 
■requitare in arundine longa; 2, = favourite 
object, everyone has his — , trahit quemque sua 
voluptas ; to be on one's — , ineptils sziis pktudere. 

hobgoblin, n. larva. 

hobnob, v.intr. alqo familiariter uti. 

hook, n. poples, 4tis, m. 

hockey, n. pila; to play — , pilis ludere. 

hodge-podge, n. farrago (Juv.). 

hoe, I. n. =r a rake for hoeing the ground, ligo, 
Hgoiiis, m., marra (Plin.) ; = a rake, harrow 
■*o break clods with, rostrum; (if a small one) 
rastellus ; = a weeding-hook, sarculum. II. 
v.tr. sarrire (= to weed with a hook). 

hog, n. sms, suts, m. and f., porous, hog- 
gish, adj. 1, lit. suillus; 2, fig. see Gluttonous. 

hogshead, n. dolium (= cask). 

hoist, v.tr. sublevare, tolllre ; — sails, vela 
dare. 

hold, I. n. 1, = grasp, mantis, -iis, f.; to take 
— , prehendere ; 2, see Prison ; 3, of a ship, 
alveus (= hull), caverna ; 4, fig. to have a — 
over, alqmdevinctum or obligatum habere, multum 
apud alqm valere. II, v.tr. 1, = to have, tenere; 
UabSre, obtinere, possidere (— to possess), gestare 
(=to carry) ; — an office, gerere (e.g. praeturam) ; 



2,= to contain, capere. eonUnen ; 3, — to uphold, 

sustinere, sustentare ; 4, = to keep against attack,. • 
defendere ; 5, = to conduct, agere, habere (e.g. 
comitia, an election) ; — a festival, celebrare ; 6, 
see Consider, Think, III. v.intr. = to hold 
good, certum esse; it — s, (res) conrenit cum alqv 
re, in or ad alqd ut or ace. and infill.; — back, 
retinere, cunctari (= to delay); — forth (=ti/ 
extend) porrigere, extendlre; = to propose, fig. 
proponere, proferre, praebere ; = to discourse, 
contionari ; — in, lit. equum inhibere ; flg. re- 
primire, cohibere ; — on, — one's course, curswm 
tenere ; — out (= to endure) durare, (alqd) sus- 
tinere, perferre; — up, see Hold, II. 3 ; — With, 
cum alqo consenlire, convenire. holder, n. 1, is 
qui tenet ; — of land, possessor ; conductor (= ten- 
ant), colonus; 2, = something by which a tliiDg 
is held, retinaculum, cupulus (= handle), hold- 
fast, fibula (— clasp), retinaculum, holding, 
n. = possession, possessio. 

hole, n. 1, cavum (= hollow place in gem, 
mouse's — , etc.), foramen (= an opening in or 
through a solid body), rima (= a chink), lacuna 
(= a pit, a pool); to bore a — , pertundere ; 2, 
= a small, miserable hut, a wretched — , gur- 
gvstium. 

hollow, I. adj. 1, (con)cavus ; eaten up, hol- 
lowed out, exesus (e.g. exesae arboris truncus); — 
teeth, denies exesi(P\in.) ; the — hand, manuscuva 
or concava (e.g. of a beggar holding his hands in 
that way) ; to make — , alqd (cx)cavare ; 2, = 
deep, hoarse in sound, fuscus (= the lone of tho 
voice, opp. candidus), asper, raucus ; 3, = not 
sincere, vanus (= empty), simulatus, fucatw, fu- 
casus (= with only the outward appearance) ; seo 
False. II. n. cavum, foramen ; see Holh ; 
= valley, convallis, voiles (vallis), -is, m. III. 
v.tr. (ex)cavare. 

holy, adj. sucer (= sacred to the gods, opp. 
profanus); = under div-ine protection, inviol- 
able, sanctus; inviolable (i.e. protected by tho 
sanction of a heavy penalty), sacrosanctus (e.g. 
memoria); = what is held in veneration, reliy- 
iosus (e.g. tombs, oaths); = august, venerable, 
augustus; =with godly fear, pius erga Deum ; 
= reverend, venerandus, vcnerabilis. Adv, sane? 
te, religiose, pie, auguste. Holy Ghost, n, 
* Spiritus Sanctus. holiness, n. sanctitas, 
religio (attaching to an object of regard), caeri- 
monia (rare), pittas erga Deum. 

homage, n. cultus, -Us (e.g. Dei), observaiUia ; 
in feudal times, *lwmagium. ■ . 

home, I. n. domus, -us (irreg.), domicllium (= 
household), familia, patria (= mother-country), 
sedes et domicilium; at — , domi, inter suos ; to 
be at — , domi esse, in patria esse; at my — , domi 
meae (tuae, etc.) ; at — and abroad, domi milt, 
tiaeque ; from — , domo ; at Caesar's — , in domu 
Casaris, domo Ccesaris ; to remain at ~, domi 
(re)mancre ; to keep at — , publico oarlre or se ab- 
stinere, in publicum non prodire, domi sedere ; he 
is not at — , est foris (= he is out) ; he is at — , est 
intus ; to sup from — , foris cenare ; to go — , 
ire domum. II. adj. domesticus, familiaris ; 
to strike — , ferrum adigire ; to come — to one, 
alqd sibi dictum putarc. home-baked, adj. 
domi coclus. home-bred, adj. domesticus, 
intestinus, vernaculus. homeless, adj. pro? 
fugus, extorris (= exiled), patrid or domo carens. 
homely, adj. simplex, inornatus. homeli? 
ness, n. simplicitas. home-made, »dj, 
domesticus. 

homicidal, adj. see Murperous. homi- 
cide, n. 2 murder, caedes, -is; 2, — murderer, 
homicida, m. and f. ; see Murder, Murderer. 

homily, n. oratio quae de rebus divini* 
habetur. 

homoeopathy, n. ea modendi ratio gua« 



horn 



716 



hor 



similia mortis adhibtt remedia (Riddle and 
Arnold). 

.homogeneous, adj. ejlisdem generis, eodem 
genere. homogeneity, n. natura simiiis, 
genus simile. 

homologous, adj. by par, simiiis, simiiis 
in alqd re ratio. 

homonymous, adj. eodem nomine. 
honest, adj. bonus, probus ; — without 
trickishness, sineerus, sine fuco etfallaciis; — 
one in whose words and actions we may trust, 
fldus; = frank, simplex, candidtis; — genuine, 
antique'/ fide ; = pure, unstained, integer, sanctus, 
incarruptus ; to lose one's — name, boni riri 
nomen amitterc. Adv. probe, integre, sancte, sine 
fraude ; sine fuco et fallaciis (= without deceit) ; 
simpliciter, candide (= candidly;, honesty, n. 
:.= uprightness, probitas ; = moral purity, v 
tude, integrity, vitegritas, sunctitas ; =iunoceiii 
heart, innoeenlui ; — sincerity, sinceritas; = 
trustworthiness, fides, comb, integritas et fides ; 
= noble mind, animus ingenuus, ingenuitas ; = 
carefulness (as regards other people's property), 
abstinentia ; to show — , fidem adhibere in alqd 
re; = candour, simplicitas ; = decency, dis- 
creetness, cast Has, sanctitas, pudicitia. 

honey, n. mel ; his language is as sweet as 
— , loqnenti illi mella profluunt, hence also sweet- 
ness of language, dvlcedo orationis or suavitas 
(= mildness); my — (= my darling), dcliciae 
meae, volvptas mea. honeycomb, n. facus ; to 
take the — , favum eximere ; the cell of a — , 
cavum. honeymoon, n. dies conjvgio facto 
laeti. honeyed, honied, adj. l, melliius ; 
2, lig. dulris, 

honorary, adj. honorarivs(= lor the sake of 
giving honour), honorarium, n. see Fee. 

honour, I. n. 1, = official distinction, dig- 
nitas, honos {hou&r), honoris gradus, -us; highest 
— , amplissimus dignitatis gradus; 2, = moral 
quality, honestas, honos; 3, = reputation, fama, 
existimotio; of a woman, = chastity, pudor, 
pudicitia; 4, = respect felt, verecundia ; 5, = 
mark of respect, honos; to pay the last— , justa 
ilcifarh-e or solvere. II. v.tr. 1, = celebrate, 
honorare, decorare.celebrare ; 2, = esteem, colere, 
diliqere, rereri. honourable, adj. honoratus 
(= very much honoured, e.g. the army, militia); 
causing or bringing honour, honcstus, honorificus, 
honorcibilis (very seldom, although once in Cic.) ; 
= proper, decorus ; — praiseworthy, laudabilis, 
laude digitus, praedicabilis ; = glorious, gloriosus 
(e.g. mors); = excellent, distinguished, egregius ; 
to thank a person in the most — terms, alci 
gratias noire singula.) ibus or ampiissimis verbis. 
Adv. lumeste, cum dignitute ; — in a manner con- 
ferring honour, homnijice ; most — , honorificen- 
tissime, summo cum lio)iore ; to die — , bene mori ; 
= in a manner deserving of praise, UiudabilUer, 
cumlaiule; gloriole; egregie, eximie. 

hood, n. — covering for the head used by 
females, mitra. mitella ; a fillet of net-work for 
covering the hair, reticulum, hoodwink, v.tr. 
alci illiidere, alqm ludificari, fallen: 

hoof, n. ungula; cloven — , ungula bisnlea 
(Plin.). 

hook, I. n. 1, hamiis (plsearius), uncus (= a 
large iron — ); by — or by crook, quocunque 
inodo ; 2, = a sickle, falx. II. v.tr. to — a 
fish, hamu piscari, homo pisces cave re ; to — on, 
alci rei or in alqd re. suspendere. hooked, adj. 
aduncus ; = having — s, hamatus. 

hoop, ii. cireulua (= anything circular) ; an 
Iron — set round with rings as an amusement 
for boys, trochus. 
hoopoe, n. upupa, epops, -opis, ni. 



hoot, v.imr. (of owls), canere ; (of men), run'- 
fcrari, alci obstrrperc ; — off the stage, alqm 
explode/re. hooting, n. caiitus, -us, carmen (of 
owls), voces, vocijeratio, clamor (of men). 

hop, v.intr. (of birds), saKre(Plin.) ; (of men). 
alteropede saltuatim currere. 

hope, I. n. sjtes (opp. fiducia = confidence); 
meton. Cicero our last — , spes reliqua nostra, 
Cicero; — (from the fact of a thing being con- 
sidered likely), opinio; = expectation, m(s)jw- 
tatio ; a gleam of — , specula; — of, spes alejs ri i 
(e.g. of immortality, immortalitatis); = proba- 
bility of, opinio ulcjs rei ; I have — that, etc., 
spcro fore vt, etc. ; I have no — in, despero dr. 
alqd re (e.g. de republicd) ; if there is, or will be, 
— , si est, or erit, spes (e.g. of returning, reditfts). 
II. v.tr. sperare, aecus. or accus. and (l'ut.)inlin., 
confidere. hopeful, adj. 1, = full of hope, spe 
animogue imputus (= filled with hope and cour- 
age); 2, = having qualities which excite hope 
(e.g. a son, daughter, pupil, etc-.), bouae spei, qui 
spent bonae indolis dot, de quo bene sperare possis ; 
very — , optima or egregiae or summae spei, eximid 
spe. Adv. cum magna spe. hopeless, adj. 
spe carens, spe orbatus, s]>e deject us, teaspes(= one 
who has no hope) ; = one who must be given up, 
dtsperatvs. Adv. sine spe, despemnter (rare). 
hopelessness, n. desperatio (as mental 
quality), res desperatae (= of affairs). 

horde, n. grex, grcgis, m. ; caterra (of 
ptjple) ; = wandering tribe, rogus with noun 
(e.g. — of Gaetulians, Gaetuli vagi). 

horizon, n. 1, lit. * horizon, Jiniens circtdus ; 
the sun passes the — , snl emergit de subterrancd 
parte, s<>! emergit supra terram; 2, tig. = the 
sky in gen. caelum (e.g. a clear — or sky, caelum 
racuum); = view, a(d)epectus, -its (= view from a 
mountain); conspectus (= sight) ; a thing limits 
our — , alqd a(d)spcctwn ■nostrum defiuit ; 3, tig. = 
limits of the understanding (e.g. a thing goes, 
lies beyond my — , alqd in inteltegentiom menm 
-non ca'dit). horizontal, adj. aequus, libratit.t. 
Adv. ad libram. 

horn. n. 1, lit. cornu ; 2, fig- = the horns of 
the moon, cornua Ivnae; 3, = drinking-cup, 
poculum; 4, = musical instrument, cornu, 
bnccina, tuba; to blow the — , cornu or buc- 
cinant injlare. horned, adj. corniger, cornu- 
tus. hornless, adj. non comutus; (of an 
animal by nature without horns, or if it has lost 
them through butting) mutilvs (cornibus). 
horny, adj. corneus. 

hornet, n. crabro. 

horn-pipe, u. saltatio. 

horoscope, n. noroscop«s (Pers.) ; to cast a 
— , sidera natalicia notare. 

horrible, horrid, adj. Itarrendus, honibi- 
lis, ierribilis, nefarius, nefandus, foedus. Adv. 
trrribile-m in modum, ncfarie, foede. horrible- 
neSS, n. focdilas, better use adj. with n. (e.g. 
the — of the thing, res horrenda). horrify, 
v.tr. (cx)tcrrere, perterrere, obstupefaclre ; to be 
horrified, o&stitpescere. horror, n. 1, = fear, 
horror, timor, pa cor ; 2, = hati-ed, odium; 3, 
= a monster, a perfect — , monstrum portentum. 

horse, n. 1, cguus (ecus), equa (the name 
of the species) ; common — , cuballus ; a 
Gallic — , mannus; a swift, fleet — , veredus; 
a gelding, caitterius ; a nag, caballus; 2, = 
cavalry, equites, -urn, equitatus, -us; to ride 
on — , cepuo vchi, equitare; to tight on — , f.r 
equo pugnare. horsebreaker, n. equorum 
domitor ; higher groom, for breaking in horses, 
erpiiso (ante and post class.), horse-cloth, 
n. stratum, horse-dealer, n. qui opws 
vendit. horse-flesh, n. 1, = meat, caro 



hor 



717 



hue 



equina; 2, = horses, equi. horse-fly, n. 

oestrus, tabanus. horsehair, n. pilus equinus. 
horse-laugh, n. m' risug, -iis, cachinnus. 
horseman, n. eques, -itis, m. horseman- 
ship, n. equitandi ars. horse-race, n. 
curriculum equorum, cursus (-us) equorum or 
equester ; equorum certameu (as a contest). 
horse -Shoe, n. solaa fcrrea (in ancient 
times solca spartea or simply sjnrtca, because 
they were only like slippers put on and taken 
off, and made of broom), horse-soldier, n. 
eques, -itis, in. horse -stealer, n. fur. 
horse-whip, n. see Whip. 

hortative, adj. hortans, monens; see Ex- 
hortation, hortatory, adj. inonens. 

horticulture, n. hortorum cultura or 
cultus, -us. 

■ hose, n. see Stockings. 

hospital, n. nosocomlum (voaoKopuov, Jet.); 
valetudinarium (Jet.). 

hospitality, n. hospitium (—the relation 
of — ). hospitable, adj. hospi talis, liberalis. 
Adv. hospitaliter, liberaliter. 

host, n. 1, hospes, -itis, m., or ccnae pater (at a 
feast); 2, for gain, caupo (— a tavern-keeper); 
to reckon without your — , spe fmstrari. 
hostess, n. hospita. 

host, n. 1, = number, multitude; a — of, 
sescenti (sexc-) ; 2, = army, exercitus, -us. 

hostage, n. obses, -idis, m. 

hostel(ry), n. caupona. hostler, n. stabu- 
larius (in gen.), agdso (= groom). 

hostile, adj. = belonging to a public enemy, 
by the gen. pi. hostium, hostilis (class, only in 
the meaning of acting as an enemy in times 
of war; hence, a — country, hostilis terra or 
regio) ; — anything in the possession of the 
enemy, hosticm ; = unfriendly, iiiimicus, infes- 
tus, comb, infeiisus atque iiiimicus, iiiimicus infen- 
susque. Adv. hostilitcr, iiiimicc, infeste, infense. 
hostility, n. animus infestus, inimicitia ; = 
hatred, aversion, odium; in the pi. hostilities, 
hostilia, -hun, n.; helium ( = war); to com- 
mence — , helium facere. 

hot, adj. 1, lit. calidus, fervidus, ferveiis (= 
seething), candens (= of a white heat), aestuosus, 
ardens, \ flagmns ; 2, fig. calidus, fervidus, fer- 
vens, flagrans, aeer, aoid.us ; see Eager; to be 
— , fervere, candere, aestuare ; to become — , 
fervescere, t effervescere, incalescere,(in)candescere; 
to make — , cnlefaccre, fervefacere. Adv. calide, 
fervide, fcrventer, acriter, avide. hotbed, n. 

I, lit. locus slercoratus ; 2, fig. semen (= seed). 
hotheaded, adj. iracundus, ingenio praeccps, 
temerarius, imprudens. hothouse, n. see Hot- 
bed, Greenhouse. 

hotel, n. deversorium, cavpow (—a. tavern), 
hospitium. 

hound, I. n. canis(venaticus), cauis venator ; 
to keep a pack of — s, canes alere ad venandum. 

II. v.tr. to — on, alqm instigare, urycre, laces- 
sere, stimularc, incitarc. 

■ hour, n. hora ; the space of an — , horac spa- 
tium ; the — s of the night, nocturna tempora,-wn; 
half an — , semihnra ; what — is it? quota hora 
est ? his last — , hora novissivux or suprema ; in 
his last — , eo ipso die, quo e vitd excessit ; leisure 
— s, tempus otiosum; tempus subsicivum, to spare 
a few — s from one's studies, alqd subsicivi tem~ 
poris studiis suis suhlrahlre ; from — to — , in 
horas. hour-glass, n. horologium. hourly, 
adj. singulis horis. 

house, I. n. domus, -us, f. (irreg.), (= the 
place of abode, also those who inhabit it, the 
family), aedes, aedificium, domicilium (specially 



the dwelling); villa (—country — ); insula (=z 

— let out in portions), tectum (—a. covering or 
roof), familia (= tho family), stirps, -is, (., genus, 
■eris, n. (= the race or clan), ret familiaris (— 
house affairs) ; from — to — , per domos, ostiatim 
(= from door to door), house-servants, u. 
familia (= slaves, as with the ancients), famuli 
domestici (as now). II. v.tr. 1, = to take into 
one's — , domo excipere ; 2, = to store, eondcrc. 
housebreaker, n. fur. household, I. n. 
domus, -us, t., familia, omnes sui (»iei, etc.). 
II. adj. domesticus ; — gods, lares, -um, in., 
penates, -ium. householder, u., paterfamilias. 
house-keeper, n. quoje res domesticas rfi's- 
pensat. house-keeping, n. cura rei domes- 
ticae. house-maid, n. ancilla. house- 
warming, n. to give a — , doinum. amicis 
exceptis tauquam inaugurare. house-wife, 
n. hera. house-wifery, n. diligentia, cura 
domestica. 

hovel, n. tugurium, gargustium. 

hover, v.intr. circum volitare (lit. and 
fig-)- 

how, adv. 1, as interrog. particle, qui? quid? 
= in or according to what manner? quomodo? 
qucmadvwdum? (to express surprise), quid? 
quidvis? — are you? — do you do? = quomodo 
vales ? ut vales ? — does it happen that, etc. ? = 
qui tandem Jit, ut, etc.? = what now, or what 
then? quid porro? = but what? quid vero? = 

— many? = quot? — few I = quolusquisque I 
(e.g. — few philosophers are there that, etc.! 
quotusquisque philosophus est, qui, etc. !) — 
often? = quotie(ii)s ? — great? =quantus? — 
dear ? — much ? what price ? = quanti ? 
quanto ? 2, in exclamations, quam, quanta- 
pere ; — well you have done ! = quam benefecis- 
ti! — much could I wish? = quam or quanto- 
pere vellem I — dissatisfied he was, felt with 
himself! = ut sibi ipse displicebat ! Very often 
merely the accus. of the noun (e.g. — blind I am 
that I could not foresee that ! = me caecum, qui 
haec ante non vidcrim ! — treacherous arc the 
hopes of men ! — short their earthly happiness ! 

— vain all their efforts ! = o fallacem hominum 
spem ! o fraailem fortunam et inaues nostras cou- 
tenliones .') 3, as a relative adv. = by what means, 
quemadmodum (= according to what, etc.); = 
by what means, quomodo ; = in what manner, 
qud ratione ; - under what conditions, circum- 
stances, quo pacto ; they fix — to carry out the 
remainder, = reliqua, qua ratione agiplaceat, con- 
stituunt; I don't know — this always happens, 
= nescio quo pacto semper hoc Jit. howbeit, 
adv. (at)tamen. however, I. adv. quamvis, 
quamiibet, quanlumvis (e.g. — great, quamvis 
magnus). II. conj. sed, autem, (al)tamen, nihil- 
ominus. 

howl, I. v.intr. ululare (from the sound, 
referring to dogs, wolves, human beings); of 
the roaring of the wind, fremere ; of the loud 
cries of women at funerals, ejulare; to weep 
aloud, moan, plorare, lamentari ; comb, ejulare 
atque lamentari. II. n. ululatus ; ejulatus, plo- 
ratus (all. -us), ejulatio ; or, of several together, 
comploratio, lamentatio. 

hubbub, n. tumultus, -vs. 

huckster, I. n. caupo, inslitor. II. v. intr. 
caupo nam excrc&re. 

huddle, n. turba; huddled together, con- 
ferti. 
hue, n. color. 

hue, n. = exclamation, voces, -um, p\.,clainor, 
vocifcratio ; see Cry ; to raise (= order) a — and 
cry by land and by water, terrd marique ut alqs 
conquiratur, praemandare. 



huf 



'18 



hus 



huff, n. impeius, -fis(= fit); ira r iracundia ; 
be in a — , irasci, moleste ferre. 

hug, I. v.tr. ampledi, compler.ti ; — the shore, 
litus t amare ; — oneself, sejactarc, gloriari, II. 
n. complerus, -vs. 

huge, a(l,j. immnnis, vastus (= immense in 
gen.); immensus(= unusually great), largo =in- 
gens (e.g. tree, arbor; sum of money, pecunia; 
genius, talent, ingtnivm); of — depth, immensd, 
infinitd altUudiiie. Adv. valdc, magnopere. 
hugeness, n. magnitude/, moles (= bulk). 

hulk, n. (— the body of a ship), alveus navis. 

hull, n. the — of a nut, cortex; folliculus 
(= little bag, hence husk). 

hum, I. v.intr. fremere, strcpere, + susurrare, 
murmurarc, murmur edere ; stridorem edire; = 
to buzz, bombum facere ; = sing softly, sceum 
canere, cantare. II. n. fremitus, -us (in gen.); 
murmur, -iiris, n. (of men and bees), t susarrus, 
stridor, bomb us, comprobatio (— applause). III. 
interj. hem! 

human, adj. humanus; by the gen. pi. 
hominum (e.g. — vices and errors, hominum vitia 
et errores); = mortal, mor talis; — feelings (in 
gen.), humanitas. Adv. liumano modo (= after 
the manner of men), humane, adj. = kind, 
affable, misericors, clemens. Adv. clementer. 
humaneness, n. dementia, misericord ia. 
humanity, n. 1, = peculiar nature of man, 
natura or condicio hvmana; 2, = mankind, 
human race, humanum or hominum genus, -eris, 
n., gens humana; 3, = kind feelings, humani- 
tas, dementia, viisericordia. humanize, v.tr. 
= to make a person more civilized, alqm hu- 
manum reddcre, cxcolere; see Civilize, hu- 
mankind, n. genus humanum. 

humble, I. adj. humilis; = lowly, meek, 
zubmissus, demtisus (opp. etatus) ; = modest, 
-modestus, moderatus, vcrecundus ; = suppliant, 
suppler, comb, humilis et supplex (e.g. oratto); 
= low, humilis (e.g. humili loco ortus); to sliuw 
oneself — , sidmisse se gercre. Adv. demisse, 
submisse, simplicitcr, humiliter (= meanly), 
modeste, moderate, comb, modestc ox modern re 
(— without ostentation); to be — disposed, 
vnimo esse snbmisso ; to request — , svpplici- 
bus verbis orare ; to entreat very — , multis 
verbis et supplicem. orare. II. v.tr. = to break 
anyone's bold spirit, infringer?, frangere alqm 
or alcjs audaciam, comprimcre alcjs audacknn, 
comb, frangere alqm et comminucre; to — o:i 
self, se or animum submittere, submisse se gercre, 
comprimere animos suos. humbling, humili- 
ating, adj. use n. dedecus, -oris, n. (e.g. he 
found it — , quod dedecori esse putavit). hu- 
miliation, n. dedecus, -oris, n. ; see Dis- 
grace, humility, n. = lowness of spirits, 
animus submissus, demissus = lowness of origin, 
humilitas ; = modesty, modestia; *humilitas (as 
a Christian virtue). 

humbug, I. n. gerrae, nugac, tricae. II. 
v.tr. a'.ci illudcre, alqm ludificn.re, aid verba dare, 
alqm circumvenire, circumducere. 

humdrum, adj. incrs, tardus, segnis (= 
sluggish). 

humid, adj. humidus, humectus (ante and 
pest class.), humidity, n. humor. 

humour, I. n. 1 (= fluids of animal bodies), 
humor ; 2, — temper, (animi) ofectio or affectus, 
•Us; ingenium, natura; arbitrary — , libido 
(lib-); in gen., = propensities, studio., -orum ; 
= general temper of the mind, animi habitus, 
••2s; temporary — , o.nimi mbtus, -us; dispo- 
sition in gen., animus ; = inclination, voluntas; 
= a quiet disposition, animus tranquillus; the 
best — towards, tumma in alqm voluntas ; to be 
in good — , bent affectum isse; to be in ill- — , 



male affectum esse, moros urn esse ; ill- — , natura 
diJUcilis, vwrosit((s ; violent — , asperitas (i.e. 
harshness) ; in the — , ex libidine, ad arbitrium 
suum; — as one thinks proper, arbitrio suo ; 
comb, ad arbitrium suum (nostrum, etc.) libidl- 
nemque; I am in the — , libet (!nb-) mild alqd. 
faccrc; 3, = that quality by which we give to 
one's ideas a ludicrous turn, lepos (lepar), -6)is, 
m. (in the whole character, also in a written 
work), fesliritas (= mirth, wit ; also in a written 
work) ; facetiousness or — in speech, eavillatio 
(= raillery) ; jocus ; facetiae. II. v.tr. aid 
obtemperare ; indulgere, alci morem gercre, mori- 
gerari. humourist, n. 1, homojocosus, lepidus, 
facetus, festivus; 2, = an ill-tempered man, 
homo difficilis, morosus. humoursome, adj. 
difficilis, morosus, difficilis ac morosus. 

hump, n. tuber, -eris, n. (Plin., e.g. of a 
camel) ; a bunch in any part of the body (espec. 
on the back), gibber, -eris, n. (Plin.). hump- 
backed, adj. gibber. 

hunch, n. see Hump. 

hundred, adj. centum; every — , centcni, 
-ac, -a (also = — at once) ; a subdivision of the 
Roman people into centuries or — a, ccnturia; 
of a — , — years old, centenarius ; a — times, 
centie{n)s ; a — thousand, centum mil(l)ia ; — 
years, centum anni ; aspace of one — years, cen- 
tum annorum, spatium ; a century, a generation, 
saeculum. hundred-fold, adj. t centuphts, 
t centuplicatus ; to bear fruit a — , cum ccntesimo 
eferre. hundred-handed, adj.icentimanus. 
hundred-headed, adj. fcenticeps. hun- 
dredweight, n. ce nt u(m)pondium (ante class.). 

hunger, I. n. fames, -is; lit. and lig., — 
after gold, fames auri ; — starvation, inedia; 
— is the best cook, cibi condimentum fames. 
II. v.intr. esurire ; to — after, alqd sitire, alcjs 
rei avidum esse, hungry, adj. eswriens, jejunus, 
famelicus (ante and post class.). Adv. avide ; 
see Eagerly. 

hunt, I. v.tr. venari; — after, alqd [con)sec- 
tari. II. n. venatio, venatus, -us. hunter, 
huntsman, n. venator. huntress, n. vena- 

trix. 

hurdle, n. crates, -is. 

hurl, v.tr. jacere, jaculari, con(j)iccre. hurl- 
ing, n. conjectns, -lis. 

hurly-burly, n. tumultus, -us; see Tumult, 
2"oise. 

hurrah, see Huzza. 

hurricane, n. tempestas(foeda), turbo, -inis, 
m. (= whirlwind), procella. 

hurry, I. v.tr. accelerare ; impellcre, incitarc, 
excita re(— to rouse), rapere(= to carry oil') , u rgire 
(— to press on), stimulare, stimulos alci admovere. 
II. v.intr. festinare, properare,maturare ; whither 
are you — ing? quo le agis? — about, discurme 
(in different directions), trepidare ; — away, 
abripcre, rapcre, trahere(— to drag) ; — on, matu 
rare, urgere, festinare. III. n. festinatio, tre. 
pidatio '(= alarm), hurried, adj. propem*, 
citatus, citus, praece.ps. Adv. festinanter, propere, 
cursim, raptim. 

hurt, L v.tr. 1, lit. atom laedere, alci nocere; 
2, fig. laedere ; to be — , 'alqd aegre ferre, II, 
v.intr. dolere (e.g. it — s, dolet, mostly ante class, 
and colloquial). III. n. 1, = a wound, vulnus, 
-eris, n. ; 2, — injury, damnum. IV, adj. 1, 
sancivs(= wounded); 2, fig. conturlatus, tristis. 
hurtful, adj. noccn-s, noxius, perniciosus, eri- 
tiosus, exitialis, dawnosvs. Adv. pernicioss. 
hurtfulness, n. pernicies. 

husband, I. n. marUus, vir, «onju(n)x, -ugis, 
in. and f. ; a young married man, novus mwrttus 
II. v.tr. rem fcmiliwem curare, a?ef. rei parx&re 



hus 



719 



ide 



husbandman, n. agricola, m. arator (=s 
ploughman), husbandry, n. 1, res rustica, 
res rusticae (= the occupations of a farmer) ; 
= agriculture, agricullura, agricultio (or as 
two words) ; 2, = care of domestic affairs, euro, 
rerum domesticarum ; 3, = economy, as, good 
■ — > frugalitas. 

hush, I. interj. tt! face, pi. ladle. IL v.tr. 
restingucre, ex(s)tinguere(e.g. tum.ultu.rn, to — the 
crowd) ; to — cares, alcjs animum lenire et pla- 
cure, placare et mitigare ; to — up a rumour, 
ritmorem opprimere ; see Suppress. 

husk, u. folliculu.% gluma. husky, adj. 
(sub)raucus ; see Hoarse. 

hustings, n. suggestus, -us (suggestum) (= 
platform), comitium (= place of election). 

hustle, v.intr. alqm cubito offendere, premere. 

hut, n. casa (= a small — , cottage), tugurium, 

hutch, n. cavea (= cage). 

huzza, I. inter}, eja ! eje ! evo'e! io ! io ! II. 
ii. (= a shout of joy), clamor et gaudium. Ill, 
v.intr. (ac)damare, conclamare, succlamare ; see 
Shout. 

hyacinth, n. hyacinthus (hyacinthos). 

Hyades, n. Hyades, -urn, f. ; suculue (mis- 
translation of uaats, as though from 8s = pig, 
instead of vetf = to rain). 

Hymen, n. Hymen or Hymcnacus. Hy- 
meneal, adj. nuptialis. 

hymn, I. n. hymnus ; = in honour of Apollo 
or other gods, a song of triumph, paean, -uuis, 
in. II. v.tr. cantu alcjs laudes prosequi. 

hyperbole, n. hyperbole (or hyperbola), -cs, 
f., ceritatis superlalio et trajectio. hyperboli- 
cal, adj. veritatis modum excedens. 

Hyperborean, adj. + Hypcrboreus. 

hypercritical, adj. miquus, secerns. Adv. 
tumid cum seucritate. hypercriticism, n. 
nimia sevcritas. 

hypochondria, n. atra or nigra bills. 
hypochondriacal, adj. melancholicus. 

hypocrisy, n. (dis)simulatio, /raus, -dis, f., 
mendacium; without — , ex animo. 
i hypocrite, n. (disynmulator. hypocriti- 
cal, adj. simulatus, jictus. Adv. simulate, jidc. 

hypothesis, n. opinio, sentential opinion), 
ratio, condicio (= condition), conjectura (=: con- 
jecture); on this — , quo posito, quibus posilis. 
hypothetical, adj. opinabilis. Adv. to speak 
— , ex conjectura or de re opinabili dicere ; if this 
he — granted, hoc concesso or posito. 

hysteria, n. 1, med. tt. * hysteria; 2, = 
excitement, furor, animi or mentis motus, -us, 
commotio, animus (com)motus. hysterical, 
adj. 1, hystericus (Plin.); 2, \ ft'.rens, mente 
(coin)inohis. 



I. 

I, pron. ego, egomet. It is generally only ex- 
pressed in Lutia when we wish to speak em- 
Ehatieally. The plural is frequently used in 
atin for I. — myself, ego ipse, egomet ipse, 
■ps-: ; — at least, ego quidem, equidcin. 

iambic, I. adj. iambeus. II. n. iambus. 

ice, n. glacies, gelu,; to break the — , fig. viam 
aperire. ice-berg, n. glaciei moles, -is. ici- 
cle, n. t stiria. icy, adj. 1, lit. glacialis, 
gilidus, friqidus; 2, fig. use superbus. Adv. 
superbe. 

idea, a. ' = — of anything-, notio (r.oiior.em 



appello, quod Graeci turn iwoiav, tum'np6kr)\!nv 
dlcunt. Ea est insita, et ante percepts, cujusqu* 
formaecognitio,enodationisindigens, Cic); = the 
apprehension of anything, intellegentia(intellig-), 
intellectus, -us (Quint); the — which we form 
therefrom, opinion, opinio ; = the picture we 
have of anything, imago, effigies ; = the expecta- 
tion we base upon the latter, ex(s)pectalio ; =■ the 
— formed of anything, informatio ; the — we 
form, an image to the mind, species, idea, (= 
thought) cogitatio ; — the meaning of anything, 
vis,vis,f.,sententia; an original, innate — , notio in 
animis informala; notio animis impressa ; insita 
et quasi consignata in anirnis notio ; innata cog- 
nitio ; praenotio insita or insita praeceptaque 
cog nitio ; quod naturainsculpsit inmentibus; =au 
innate — of God, informatio Dei animo antecepta ; 
obscure — , cognitio indagationis indigens ; to 
form a correct — of, rede sent ire dc alqd re ; to 
have no — of, nolionem alcjs rei nullam habere, alqd 
ignorare ; to have a false, wrong — of, prava de 
alqd re sentire; to have a clear — of, perspectum 
habire alqd ; much depends on what — you have 
of the office of a tribune, plurimum rej'crt quid 
esse tribunalum putes ; we have not all one and 
the same — abill- 
advised, adj. inconsultns, tcmerarius; see 
Rash, ill-affected, adj. 1, = unfriendly, 
inimicus, infestus ; 2, = disloyal, infidelis ; 

— citizens, cives turbulenti et mali. ijl-bred, 
adj. humanitatis erpers, inurbanus. ill-breed- 
ing, n. mores inurbani; inhumanitas. ill- 
fated, adj. infelix, miser; see Unhappy. 
ill-favoured, adj. see Ugly, ill-gotten, 
adj. mate partus, ill-health, n. valetudo in- 
firnxa. ill-made, adj. informis, deformis 
(by nature, opp. to formasus), male factus (by 
art), ill-matched, adj. impar ; see UN- 



ill 



721 



imm 



rqual. ill-mannered, adj. see Ill-bred. 
ill -nature, n. malignitas. ill-natured, 

adj. Morumui, difficilis, iiutlignus. illness, D. 
morbus, aegrotatio, valeludo infirma, adversa, 
incomnioda or tenuis. ill - omened, adj. 
dines, infaustus, inauspicatus. ill temper, 
il. stomackus, morositas, malignitas, iracundia. 

illegal, adj. legi repugnans, rontrarius, quod 
Contra leges fit / = contrary to the law of God 
and man, contra jus faeque) contra fas et jus. 
Adv. contra legem or leges; praetor leges or jus; 
illegality, n. by the adj. 

illegible, adj. qui, quae, quod legi noil 
potest ; to be — , legi non posse. 

illegitimate, adj. 1, incertopatre natus, spu- 
rius (Jet.) ; pellice ortus, nothus (i/60os = a bas- 
tard) (Quint.), (/Offtrtrfref/ij/ft-),^ a person whose 
parents were of different countries', or one of 
whose parents was a slave); 2. in gen. = unlaw 
ful, iion legitimus (not illcgitimus), quod contra 
leges fit ; hdud ex legibils ; 3, = not genuine, 
adulterated, adulterinus. Adv. non legitime, 
haud ex legihus, contra leges. 

illiberal, adj. illiberalis (— unwoffchy of a 
free man, e.g. a joke, jocus), = mean, ungenerous, 
eordidus, parous, avarus, malignus. illiber- 
ality, n. illiberalilas, avaritia, parsimonia 
(pare-), matignilas. 

illicit, adj. inconcessus, fetiZ^S (^prohibited), 

nefas, n. indecl. (= contrary to human aiid divine 
law, impious) ; — means, ar(«s malae. 

illimitable, adj. infiniius. 
illiterate, adj. illiteratus, indoctus, ineru- 
ditus; to be — , nescire lit(t)eras. Adv. indocle. 

illogical, adj. quod haud necessario conse- 
quitur, inconstans, quod vitiost conclusum est. 
Adv. inconsta nter, vitiose; 

llluniej illumine, illuminate, v.tr. 
1, = to throw light on, collustrare, illustrare (lit. 
and tig.) ; illuminare (lit. = illuminate) fig. = to 
throw light upon a matter ; none of these verbs 
used in reference to the mind) ; the light of the 
sun — s all things, sol cuncta luce sua illustrat ; 
to be — d by the sun, sole illustrem esse; to 
— a town, in urbe pernoctantia lumina accen- 
dere (Ammiau, said of the lighting of the 
streets) ; 2, = to enlighten the mind, 
colere, doclre, erudire; 3, = to adorn with 
pictures (as to — manuscripts or books, accord- 
ing to ancient practice), I'arie pingire, alci rei 
vivos colores induccre. illumination, n. 1, of 
MSS., use verb Illuminate, 3 ; 2. = the picture 
itself, pictura, tabula; 3, mental — , eruditio, 
doctrina. 

illusion, n. (opinionis) error, somnium, 
opinio falsa or vana. illusive, illusory, adj. 
vunus, falsus, commenticius. 

illustrate, v.tr. 1, illuflrare ; see Illu- 
minate ; 2, = — a book, librum tabulis or 
picturis ornacp.; 3, = to explain, illustrare; see 
Exilain. illustration, n. 1, explicate ; see 
Explanation ; 2, of a book, pictura, tabula; 
3, = example, exemplum. illustrious, adj. 
(prae)clarus, ainplus (usu. in superl.), splendidus, 
illuslris, insignis, egregius, eximius, spectatus, 
nobilis, praestans. illustrative, adj. quod 
alqd illustrat, explicat, etc. 

image, n. 1. imago, simulacrum, effigies ; = 
painting, tabula*iicta, pictura; = statue, statua; 
to form an — or likeness, imuginem alcjs ex- 
primere ; 2, = a conception, imago, species; to 
form an — of, animo alqd ejingere ; 3. in rhetoric, 
translate, figura. image-worshipper, ». 
qui imagines pro Deo veneratur. imagery, c. 
J., ■=■ sensible representations, pictures, statues, 



imago ; 2, = forms of the fancy, imago ; see 
Fancy, imaginable, adj. quod cogitari potest, 
quod cogittttione comprehendi or percipi potest, 
quod incogitat/ionemcadit, cogitabilis (Sen.) ; with 
all — pains, maximo, quod fieri potest, studio. 
imaginary, adj. cpinatus (e.g. a good, bonum; 
an evil, malum), opinabilis, commenticius, ima- 
ginarius, jiclus, falsus, inania; — misfortunes, 
malorum opinio ; — difficulties, difficultates, 
quas sibi alqs ipse fingit ; see Fancy, imagi- 
nation, n. cogitatio( = a thought, the faculty o f . 
thinking); an idle — , metus, -us, inanis, species 
inanis ; =an idea without foundation, opinio 
(falsa) ; to exist in — , not In reality (e.g. of an 
evil), opinionis esse, non naturae ; what lies only 
in one's — , opinatus ; only based upon — , opina- 
bilis ; — false, fictitious, falsus, fictus ; = the facul- 
ty of understanding, mens, comb, cogitatioet mens, 
imaginative, adj. ingeniosus (of one who has 
always new ideas) ; sol(t)ers (of one who under- 
stands the art of following out an idea) ; one 
who is — , ingenium ad excogitandum acutum. 
Adv. ingeiliose, soUl)erter, acute, imagine, 
v.tr. and intr. animo concipcre, cogUare, com- 
plecli, or simply cogitare, fingcre, conjecturd con- 
sequi ; = invent, comminisci, excogitare, fingcre 
maehinari ; I — (parenthetically), ut opinor. 

imbecile, adj. fatuus, stultus ; see Foolish. 
imbecility, n. imbccillitas animi or ingenii, 
fatuitas (rare), stultitia. 

imbibe, v.tr. bibere, combibire, imbiberc; 
tig. se alqd re imbuere, alqd re infici ; — errors 
with your mother's milk, errores cum lactenutri- 
cis sugere. 

imbrue, v.tr. imbuere, madefacere ; — with 
blood, crucntare. 

imbue, v.tr. 1, = to dye, ting(u)ere, inficcrc; 
2, tig. alqm alqd rt inficere, imbuere, alqd 
docire. 

imitable, adj. imitabilis, quod imitari pos- 
sumus. imitate, v.tr. imitari' (e.g. the human 
voice, voces hominum); to — in drc*s, manners, 
to — a statue, painting, sound, action, (imitando 
or imitatione) exprimere, imitando effingcre; 
z= to emulate, endeavour to equal or excel, 
aemutari alqm or alqd and alci or cum alqo 
(aemulans — imitating a rival ; imitans = imita- 
ting one who is a pattern to us, who is our 
superior in that wherein we try to imitate hiin ; 
aemulari alqm in a good sense ; aemulari alci 
until Quint, only in a l>ad sense, i.e. to contend 
with a spirit of rivalry); to — (i.e. to tread in 
anyone's footsteps), (per)sequi. imitation, 
n. 1, the act of imitating, imitatio (in gen.) ; the 
desire of — , imitatio, imitandi stvdium ; =r emu- 
lation, aemulatio; also circumlocution with 
imitari (e.g. to devote oneself to the — ■■ of a 
person, ad imitationem alcjs se conferre or cut 
imitandum alqm se conferre) ; 2, — the thing itself 
that is imitated, res imitatione or imitando ex- 
prcssa, res imitando effecta ; effigies, imago, simula- 
crum ; to be an — of anything, imitatione ex 
alqd re exprcssum esse; see Image, imitative, 
adj. qui alqd facile imitatur. imitator, n. 
imitator ; a zealous — , aemulus, aemulator. 

immaculate, adj. purus, sanctus, incormp- 
tus, innocens, integer ; = chaste, pure, innocent, 
castus, comb, caslus et integer, integer castusque, 
castus purusque. Adv. pure, sancte, incorrupte, 
caste. 

immanent, adj. in alqd re inhaerens, in- 
terior. 

immaterial, adj. 1, = incorporeal (e.g. 
spirits), corpore vacans, quod cerni tangique non 
potest; 2, = unimportant, by nullius momenti, 
)iullo momento, livis ; to consider as — ,nonflocci 
facers, immateriality, n. by circumloc, 



imm 

Plato assert.-; the — of the Deity, ri"to sine cor- 
r re al'.o Dcum esse vult. 

immature, adj. lit. and flg. immaturus, 
crudua (lit., poet., and late flg.). 

immeasurable, adj. immensus; = endless, 
injinitiis(e.g. multitude) ; = immense, extremely 
large, vastus, ingens (e.g. fortune) ; a mountain 
of — height, mom in immensum eaitus. Adv. in 
or ad immensum. 

, immediate, adj. 1, = without the inter- 
vention of anyone else, ipse, proximus ; an — 
cause, caus(s)a ejiciens or proximo.; 2, = with- 
out delay, pracsens. Adv. use adj. (e.g. to 
apply — to anyone, alqm ipsum adire) ; statim 
(followed by 06 alqd re or ut or simulac). 
protinus, confestim, extcmplo, e(x) vesligio ; not 

— from the field of battle, non er, ipsa acie ; 

— after anyone (in order, lank, or time), secun- 
dum alqm; — after, sub alqd (e.g. — after these 
words he threw himself at his feet, sub haec 
dicta ad genua ejus procubuit) ; — after (i.e. as a 
sequel to, and in consequence of), ex alqd re 
(e.g. — after the dictatorship made into a con- 
sul, consul ex dictaturd /actus). 

immemorial, adj. = beyond memory, e.g. 
from time — , ex omni memorid aetatum, or tern- 
porum(\.e. throughout all ages) ; = as long as we 
can think, post hominum memoriam ; = from the 
remotest times, inde ab ontiquissimis tern- 
poribus, also by priscus, antiquissimus, peran- 
tiquus[ =froin ancient times, opp. novvs, of per- 
sons and things); avrtus( = fiom the times of 
our grandfathers) ; it is an — custom, exantiquis 
temporibus inveteravit. 

immense, adj. ingens, vastus, immensus, 
injinitus. Adv. ad or in immensum ; = very 
much, maxime, valdc. immensity, n. immen- 
sitas, vast Has. 

immerge, v.tr. 1, (imymergere, demergFre, 
submergert (in) alqd re or in alqd ; 2, rig. alqm in 
alqd demertjere ; — to fall into deep meditation 
about, se totit m in alcjs rei rognilione collocarc. 
Immersion, n. by the verb. 

immethodical, adj. = not properly ar- 
ranged, incomposltus ; = disordered, irregular, 
not put in order, inordinatus (e.g. soldiers, 
viilitcs); = without method, t indigestus ; = 
careless, neglegcns (neglig-). Adv. sine ordinc, 
■incomposite, neglegenter. 

immigrate, v.intr. (im)migrore. immi- 
grant, n. advena, m. and f. immigra- 
tion, 11. adventus, -iis (e.g. of foreign tribes, 
aliarum gentium). 

imminent, adj. ;pr«&se>is, maximus, summus 
with n. (e.g. to be in — danger, in summo peri- 
culo esse) ; by subesse ( = to be at hand, near), 
instare ( = to draw nigh, threaten, e.g. winter, 
war), imminere, impendPre (to be — , e.g. evils, 
calamities). 

immitigable, adj. qu-i so mitigari non 
patitur. 

immobility, n. irhmobUitas, or by adj. ; see 
Immovable. 

immoderate, adj. immodiens (= exceeding 
bounds, also in a moral sense); = intemperate, 
immoderotus (e.g. in drink ; also in a moral 
sense); intemperans ; = Incontinent, unchaste, 
inconlinens ; = impotent, ungovernable, im- 
potens (e.g. joy, laetMi), in anything, alcjs 
rei-; — immodest (of persons and things), 
unrestrained, fierce, effrenatus; — boldness, 
audacia ; — profuse, effusus, profusvs ; = im- 
mense, immdnis (e.g. size, magnitudo ; sums of 
money, pecuniae) ; = extravagant, lur>irio-.Wi. 
Adv. immoderate, ir.tem.perar.ter immodede, epise, 



inn 



imp 



profuse, immodice, luxuriose ; to drink — , vino s« 
obrucre. immoderation, n. intempcraniia, 
incontinentia; — in speaking, immodcratio ver- 
bornm. 

immodest, adj. = arrogant, arrogans ; = in- 
solent, haughty, insolens ; = indiscreet, impudi- 
ens, inverccundus. Adv. immodeste, arrogantcr, 
insolenter, impudice. immodesty, n. = arro- 
gance, arrvgantia ; = haughtiness, insolentia ; 
= indiscretion, impudicitia. 

immolate, v.tr. immolnre. Immolation, 

n. immolatio. 

immoral, adj. pravus, depravatus, perdi- 
his, inhonestus (= base, nasty) ; = infamous, 
turpis, comb, turpis atque inhonestus; flagi- 
tiosus, nequam, corruptus ; see Wicked ; a 
person of bad principle, male moratus, malis 01' 
corruptis moribus; — conduct, mores turpes, 
mores cor rupti. Adv. inhoneste, turpiter, jiagiti- 
ose, perdite, prave. immorality, n. mores cor- 
rupii or perditi( = immoral habits) ; turpitudo, 
morum pravitas or depravatio, or by vitia, scelcra, 
■urn (= crimes), libidines (= lusts); a life ad- 
dicted to — , vita vitiis flagitiisquc omnibus 
dedila. 

immortal, adj. immortalis (opp. mortalis; of 
persons and things, also in gen. = imperishable, 
e.g. glory); = eternal, aeternus (of things, e.g. 
life) ; = everlasting, unceasing, sempilernus (e.g; 
soul, life, glory) ; to be — , immortalem or sem- 
piternum esse, non interire (in gen., e.g. of 'the 
soul); to have — life, vita sempiterndfrui ; to have 
— glory, memorid omnium saeculorum vige.re. 
immortality, n. immortaiitas (opp. morta- 
lilas) ; = eternity, hence eternal glory, aetcr- 
nitas ; — of the soul or souls, immortaiitas or ae- 
ternitas animi or animorum; ■=. immortal glory, 
immortalis or sempiterna gloria ; to assert the — 
of the soul, dicere animos hominum esse immor- 
tides or sempitemos. immortalize, v.tr. alqd 
immortali gloriae traders; see Immortal. 

immovable, adj. immobilis, immotus, sta- 
bills (all lit. and fig.) ; — property, res or bona 
quae moveri non possunt ; to be — (lit.), loco suo 
non moveri ; see Firm. Adv. use adj. im- 
movableness, n. immobilitas. 

immunity, n. 1, vacatio, immunitas (e.g. 
tributorum) ; 2, see Freedom. 

immure, v.tr. muro saepire, cingcrc ( = to 
enclose with a wall) ; see Shut. 

immutability, n. immutabilitas (Cic); = 
firmness, consistency, constantia; = steadfast- 
ness, stabilitas (e.g. umicitiac); = continuance, 
perpetuitas; — of anyone's disposition, constans 
in alqm voluntas, immutable, adj. immutdbi- 
lis; — constant, constant; = fixed, unchangeable, 
rotus (e.g. the course of the moon, rursus lunae ; 
the order of the stars, astrorutn ordines); = un- 
disturbed, perpetuus (e.g. right, jus). Adv. co)i- 
stan.ter, perpetuo. immutation, n. rnvtatio; 
see Change. 

imp, n. 1, = child, progenies ; an — of mis- 
chief, puer lascivus ; 2, = demon, * daemon. 

impair, v.tr. alqd (im)minuerc, deminuere, 
comminuere, debilitate, frangere, infringere ; — 
an argument, elevare ; deteriore statu or condi- 
cione esse, pejore loco esse. 

impale, v.tr. QuutA or pah) transjigere. ,> 

impalpable, adj. quod tangi non potest. 

impart, v.tr. 1, =to bestow on another a 
siiave or portion of something, impertire alci alqd 
or alqm alqd re (lit- and fig.) ; communicare alqd 
cumalqo( = to share with anyone, lit., and to 
make a communication to); participemfacerealam 
( == to allow anyone to participate m) ; = to toot 
into, diffuse, irj-xr.dir--' al#t ;r/(with accus "»£• 



imp 



723 



imp 



evils in a state, mala in civitatem) ; 2, = to 
grant, coufer (e.g. honour), dare, tribuere, donare 
alci alqd or alqm alqd re( = to present with) ; 
offer re ( = to procure). 

impartial, adj. medius( — in the middle, of 
persons), kuiquam medius nee in alterius favorcm 
inclinatus ( = neutral, of persons only) ; = disin- 
terested, integer; = not bribed, incorruptus (of 
persons and things, e.g. judge, witness, sentence); 
= equitable, aequus (of persons and things, e.g. 
praetor, law) ; acquitabilis (of things) ; — free 
from partisanship, studio et ird vacuus (of persons 
in gen.) ; = free from spite and ill-will, obtrec- 
tatione et malevolentid liberatus; to be — , neutri 
parti favere; neque ird, neque gratia teneri. Adv." 
aequo ammo, integre or incorrupte, sine ird et 
studio, impartiality, u. animus ab omni 
partium studio alienus, animus studio et ird 
vacuus; = equity, aequitas, acquabilitas. 

impassable, adj. invius, insuperabilis, im- 
peditus. impassibility, impassibleness, 

n. <orj3or( = torpor, stupor); = hardness of heart, 
durus animus; = slowness, apathy, lentitudo, 
lentils animus, impassible, adj. quod nullo 
dolore affici potest. 

impassioned, adj. concitatus, fervidus, 
ardens, vehemens. 

impatience, n. impatientia inorae, festi- 
tuttio ; to expect anything with the greatest — , 
acerrime alqd cx(s)peetare. impatient, adj. 

1, impatiens morae or morarum, ardens, ve- 
hemens, aecr ; to be — at a thing, alqd aegreox 
moleste fern; 2, = angry, iraeundus, iratus. 
Adv. ardenter, acriter, vehementer, iracunde; 
see Eager. 

impeach, v.tr. accusare. impeachable, 
adj. quern in jus vocare possumus. impeacher, 
n. accusator, n. impeachment, n. accusatio; 
see Accuse. 

impede, v.tr. impedire ; see Hinder, im- 
pediment, n. 1, impedimentum ; see Hin- 
drance ; 2, = stammer, hacsitantia linguae ; to 
have an — , lingua haesitare, balbutire. im- 
pedimental, adj. quod impedimenta est, quod 
impedit, quod obstat ct impedit ; to be — to any- 
one or anything, obesse aid and alci rei ; it was 
very — for, a great hindrance to the Gauls in 
battle, that, etc., Gallis mag no ad pugnam erat 
impedimento, quod, etc. ; I will not be — to 
prevent his going, nulla in, me or per me est 
mora, in me non erit mora, non moror, quominus 
abeat. 

impel, v.tr. 1, lit. impellere, urgere; 2, fig. 
impellere, incitare, concitare, stimulate, (ad)hor- 
tari alqm ad alqd. 

impend, v.intr. 1, lit. impendlre, imminire; 

2, = to be near, instare in alqm or alci impendere. 

impenetrable, adj. 1, impenctrabilis(Vlin.) ; 
— against a thing, alci rei; = impervious, im. 
pervius (Tac, e.g. fire-proof, ignibus impervius) 
impeditus; see Impassable ; 2, = thick, caligino. 
sue (of darkness) ; 3, fig- ambiguus (= doubtful), 

impenitence, impenitency, n. obstina- 
tio, animius obstinatus or offirmalus. impeni- 
tent, adj. obstliiatus, offirmatus ; to become — , 
obduresccre. Adv. obstinate. 

imperative, adj. 1, = expressive of com- 
mand, (e.g. — commands), by oircumloc. with 
imperare alci alqd or with ut, or by necessarius ; 
2, (in gram. = the — mood of a verb), impera- 
tives modus (gram.). 

imperfect, adj. imper/ectus (= not com- 
pleted); = only in its beginning, inchoatus; = 
only superlicial, drawn out in general sketches, 
adumbratus (e.g. an idea, iniellegentia, opinio); 
z= faulty, vU/tosus, mendosvs; ■= rough, rudis; = 



defective, maimed, mancus; — tense, tempus 
Impcr/cctum (gram.). Adv. imperfecte, vitiose, 
mendose. imperfection, imperfectness, 
n. vitium, mendum, culpa, or by adj. (e.g. the 

— of our nature, natura hominum imperfecta et 
mendosa). 

imperial, adj. imperatorius, Caesareus (Im- 
perial Koine); often by the genit. imperatoris or 
Caesaris or Augusti ; principalis, or with the geu. 
imperatoris or principis; your — Majesty, 
* majestas or magiutudo tua. imperious, 
adj. imperiosus; =. haughty, superbus ; = dis- 
dainful, insolens; = arrogant, arrogans. Adv. 
imperiose, superbc, insolenter, arroganter. 

imperil, v.tr. in discrimen adduccre. 

imperishable, adj. immortalis; see Eter- 
nal, Immortal. 

impermeable, adj. see Impenetrable. 

impersonal, adj. gram. t.t. impersonalis. 
impersonate, v.tr. partes alcjs agere. 

impertinence, n. insolentia; see Arro- 
gance, Rudeness. impertinent, adj. 1, 
insolens; 2, = not to the point, quod nihil ad 
rem est. Adv. insolenter. 

imperturbable, adj. skibilis, consians, 
firmus, gravis, immobilis. Adv. constanter, Jirme, 
graviter, tranquille. 

impervious, adj. impervius ; see Impene- 
trable. 

impetuous, adj. violentus, = violent (e.g. at- 
tack, impetus); = strong, intense, vehemens (e.g. 
wind, venius, then of individuals), comb, vehemens 
et violentus (e.g. homo); = eager, acer, fervidus, 
fervent, intentus. Adv. 71103110 irnpetu (e.g. to 
attack the enemy, hostem aggredi); violenter 
(e.g. to demand, posce re); vehementer( = strongly, 
e.g. to insist upon it, fiagitare); acriter, fer- 
venter, impetuosity, n. violcntia (lit and 
fig.), via (= strength), incitatio (= impulse); 
= inteniperateness, intemperies (e.g. caeli ; then 
= want of moderation) ; violence, impetus, -us, 
of persons and things (e.g. of the fever, febris). 
impetus, n. impetus, -us, vis. 

impiety, n. impictas erga Deurn ; = 
wicked, criminal deed, nefas, scelus, -eris, 
res scelesta or nefaria ; he has committed 
many — s against God and man, multaet in 
deos et in homines impie nefarieque com'misit. 
impious, adj. impius{erga de.utn, erga patriam, 
crqa parentes, etc.) ; = wicked (the general dispo- 
sition), nefarius; = wicked, heinous, nefandus 
(of a deed). Adv. impie, nefarie, comb, impie 
nefarieque, nefande. 

impinge, v.intr. to — against, inciderc in 
alqd, impingi alci rei (so as to cause a violent 
shock), offendire in alqd re or ad alqd. 

implacability, n. odium implacabile or 
inexorabile. implacable, adj. implacabilis ; 

— against anyone, alci or in alqm; = inexor- 
able, inexorabilis (all of persons and things, e.g. 
hatred, anger), against anyone, in or adversus 
alqm; = cruel, alrox, saevus; see Cruel. Adv. 
uirociter, saeoe. 

implant, v.tr. 1, lit. = to set, alqd in 
alqd re inserere, ponlre ; 2, fig. ingenerare, 
ingignere (at the time of one's birth, as it were) ; 
= to engraft, inssrere, animo infigere. 

implead, v.tr. alqm in jus vocare ; seeSur, 
Accuser. 

implement, n. 1, = toolu, instrurnentum, 
ferramentum ; 2, fig- minister; see Instru- 
ment, Tool. 

implicate, v.tr. implicate or impedire (lit. 
and fig.) ; — in a thing, alqd alqd re Qluquevre, ad- 
miscere or immtecere (only the former in Cic) 



imp 



724 



imp 



(fig.) ; intr. in alqd re ; to implicate in a war, 
alqmbcllo implicare; to be — d in a war, bcllo im- 
plicitum or illigatum or occupatmn esse ; with 
anyone, bellum genre cum alqo ; to — one- 
self, impticari alqd re (lit. and tig.) ; to — one- 
self in (i.e. to meddle), se immisnre alci rei ((it;.). 
li .plicated, adj. by past. . part, implicatus, 
etc., alcjs rei conscius, alci rei affinis. implica- 
tion, n. implicatio; to say a thing by — , see 
Hint, implicit, adj. 1,'= implied, tacitus; 
an — compact, assensio, consensus, -us, conrentio ; 
he has an — faith, est homo crcdidas, est nimis 
facilis ad credendum; 2, = complete, totus, 
omnis ; to have — faith in anyone, alci maxi- 
mam fidem adhibere, totum, se alci committcre. 
Adv. tacite, prorsus; see Altogether. 

implore, v.tr. alqm or alqd implorare 
(urgently), alqd ob alqo pete re ( = to endeavour 
to obtain by entreaties) ; alqm alqd rogare ( = to 
request) ; "deprecari ( = to pray for, entreat 
earnestly), comb, petere ac deprecari, ne, etc. ; 
(precibus) impetrare, or alqd ab alqo cxposccre 
( = to obtain by entreaties) ; = to induce by 
entreaties, exorare ; = to beseech anyone on 
one's knees to help, to supplicate, beg humbly, 
svpplicare or supplicem esse alci, se alci supvli- 
c?m ab(J)iccre ; = to beseech by everything 
sacred, to pray earnestly, alqm obsecrare ; = to 
conjure, alqm oblcslari ; to — anyone for, to 
pray urgently, alqd voce svpplici postvlarc; orare 
multis et supjiliribus verbis, vt, etc. ; alqd ab alqo 
cxposcere ; to — anyone to help, alqm ad or in 
auxilium implorare, auxilium implorare ab alqo ; 
to — God and man, deum atque hominumfidem 
implorare. 

imply, v.tr. in se habere ; to be implied in, 
alci rei inessc, or subesse. 

impolite, adj. ivurbanus, rusticus, agrestis, 
inhumanvs, illepidus. Adv. inurbane, rvstice, 
illejndc, inhumane, inhumaniter. impolite- 
ness, n. rusticitas, inhumanitas. 

impolitic, adj. 1. in the state, alienvs nr 
obhorrens a prudentia civili; 2, llg. imprudens. 

import, I. v.tr. 1, (that is, to bring goods 
into a country for sale) invehere, importare ; 2, 
= signify, declarare, signifimre, valere. II. n. 
1, quod importotur ; 2, significatio, sententia, 
vis. import-duty, n. portorium. import- 
ance, n. 1, auctoritas, discrimen, momentum, 
pondus, -iris, vis; to be of no — , nullo esse 
numero ; 2, = of high position, amplitudo, dig- 
nitas, auctoritas. important, adj. gravis ; to 
be — , magni (so alcjs, marimi, minimi, pluris, 
etc.) moment! esse; valere. vim habere, alqo 
esse numero ; to deem anything more — , anti- 
quivs alqd habere, importation, n. invectio. 
importunate, ad*, molestvs, vmprobus ; see 
Troublesome, importune, v.tr. molestum 
esse aid, exposcere, {tf)fingitare : see Trouble- 
some, Molest, importunity, n. = pressing 
solicitation, {ef)flagitatio. 

impose, v.tr. alqd alci imponcre, injungere; 
— a punishment, mnltnm alci irrogare; — 
upon ; see Cheat. Imposing, adj. conspicu- 
us (= drawing the attention) ; = showy, spe- 
ciosus ; = majestic, mognifi<us(cp. form, forma) ; 
= deceitful, fallax. imposition, n. irrogatio 
(e.g. multae, = the intiiction of a penalty) ; also 
by circuuiloc. with imponere (e.g. to extract 
the poison by — of hnnds, manu impotUd venena. 
ertrahere); fraus {— deceit, deception), fullacia. 
impost, n. onera, -urn, vectigul, tribv.tv.vu 
impostor, n. fravdaior. imposture, n. 
fraus, -dis, f., fallacia, proestigiae (= ti icks). 

impossibility, n. usu. fieri nan pos^e, 
etc. (e.g. to prove the — of anything, pro- 
bare alqd fieri non posse), impossible, a Ij. 



by quod fieri or quod effici nan potest, and the 
adv. by nullo pacto or plane non ; nothing is — 
to kindness, nihil est quod btnevolenlia efiircrc 
von possit ; I believe this to be — , non puto hoc 
fieri posse; it is — for me to, etc., fieri non, 
potest, ut, etc. 

impotence, n. imbecillitas, infirmitm cor- 
poris, or animi. impotent, adj. invalidus, 
ivfimms, imbecillus, impotens. 

impound, v.tr. 1, in gen. pignus, -oris, 
capcrc or aufcrre; alqm pignore cogcrc (of the 
consul who — ed a senator) ; 2, in alqo loco in- 
cludcrc (= to confine, e.g. cattle). 

impoverisb, v.tr. alqm in egestatem redu- 
ccre. impoverishment, n. egestas, inopia, 
paupertas = poverty. 

impracticable, adj. 1, = impossible, quod 
fieri non potest; 2, = intractable, contumax ; 
see Impossible, Refractory. 

imprecate, v.tr. alqd alci (im)precari, ex(s)e- 
crari; see Curse, Execrate, imprecation, 
n. dirae, preces, -urn, f., ex(s)ccrutio ; see Execra- 
tion. 

impregnable, adj. 1, = not to be stormed, 
e.g. an — fortress, incrjnignabilis ; 2, flg. = not 
to be moved, stabilis. 

impregnate, v.tr. 1, = to make pregnant, 
alqm gravidam or praegnantem faccre ; 2, tig. = 
to render prolific, \fecwndare, JertUem reddere; 
3, gen. = to communicate the virtues of one 
thing to another, complcre alqd alqd re (=to fill 
with); addcre alqd alci rei (=to add); (com)- 
misccre cum alqd re, or simply alqd re (= to 
mix) ; see Fill, impregnation, n. (applied 
to animals or plants), by verb. 

impress, v.tr. 1, lit. alqdalcirei imprimere; 

2, rig. alqd alci inurere, inculcare, in animo in- 
sculpere or imprimere. impression, n. 1, the 
act of taking an — , inpressio ; — the copy, ex- 
emplum(= copy in general), imago expressa, vesti- 
gium (— footstep) ; to take or make an — , e.rpri- 
mere alqd ahjd re or in alqd re, imprimere alqd in 
alqdrc; 2, the working or effect of any influence 
on the mind, animi motvs, -us, or by special 
word (e.g. visa, -orum, — of sight); win's ad 
actionem excitamur, we are excited to action by 
visible — s); to make an — on anyone, alqm 
movere. impressive, adj. gravis, vehemens. 
Adv. graviter, vehementer. impressiveness, 
li. gravitas. 

imprint, v.tr. in alqd re imprimere; see 
Impression. 

imprison, v.tr. in custodiam dare, tradcre, 
in(j)iccrc ; custodiae or vinculis mandare, com- 
prehenderc (= arrest). imprisonment, n. 
custodia, career, -eris, m., vinculo, -orum. 

improbable, adj. non verisimilis, non pro- 
babilis. Adv. non verisimiliter. improba- 
bility, n. use adj. 

improbity, n. imjn-obitas. 

impromptu, adv. extempore. 

improper, adj. improprivs (Plin. Quint.) 
(e.g. verba = nnsuitable) ; = unbecoming, inde- 
cent, indrcoms; — silly, ineptus (e.g. laughter, 
risvs) ; = unworthy, indignus (of anyone, alqo); 
=nnsuitable, not suited, alienus (of things, place, 
and time, cib alqo or ab alqd re and alci or alci 
rei ; alcjs rei, not Cic.) ; — inelegant, awkward in 
one's manners, inconcinnus (e.g. roughness of 
manners, want of polish, osperitas i.) ; absurd, 
ahsonns ; it is — to, etc., indecorum est (with 
inf.); to be — for anyone, dedeccre or von, declre 
alqm, indignwn esse alqo. Adv. indeenre, per- 
pcram. inepte, indigne. impropriety, n. 
quod indecorum est. 

improvable, adj. quod est ejvsmodiut corrigi 



imp 



725 



ma 



possit. improve, I. v.tr. alqd melius facer e; 
see Correct ; excolere. II. v.intr. meliorem 
fieri, se colligere (morally), cunvalescere (—to — in 
health), augeri (=to rise in price), proficere(— to 
make progress), improvement, n. correctio, 
emeiulalio, comb, correctio et emcndatio; — of cir- 
cumstances, amidijicatio rei familiaris; morally 
and mentally, cultits, -its, educatio, disciplina (= 
mental and moral training) ; institutio (= in- 
struction in any particular branch); humanitas 
(— general moral and mental and physical — of 
the whole man), comb. cultus (-us) atque human- 
itas : I perceive an — in my general health, 
mens vims auctas scntlo. 

improvidence, n. inconsidcrantia, temeri- 
tas, imprudcnlia. improvident, adj. impro- 
vidus (=not looking forward), incautus (— heed- 
less, opp. prudens), comb, improvidus incautus- 
que, improvidus et neglegens (neglig-) ; = incon- 
siderate, inconsideratus ; — thoughtless, tcmer- 
arius ; = imprudent, imprudens (opp. paratus) ; 
= indifferent, negligent, neglegens (neglig-). Adv. 
improvide, incaute, tenure, imprudenter, incon- 
siderate, neglegenter (neglig-). 

imprudence, n. imprudentia, temeritas (= 

rashness) ; see Improvidence, imprudent, 
adj. imprudeus, temerarius, inconsultus ; see 
Improvident. Adv. imprudenter, temere, incon- 
suite. 

impudence, n. impudentia, os impudeiis (or 
durum or ferreum) ; confidentia (= boldness, in 
a bad sense), impudent, adj. impudens (— 
void of feeling of shame), procax (— saucy), con- 
fidents (= having assurance), improbus (— saucy). 
Adv. procaeiter (not in Cic), impudentcr, con- 
fidenler. 

impugn, v.tr. impugnuir. (e.g. to — any- 
one's honour, impugnure alcjs lumorem) ; oppug- 
■mtre; negare (=to deny absolutely, opp. aio); 
improbare (= to prove to be void, e.g. a will, 
testamentum) ; repugnare (= to contend against, 
e.g. anyone's opinion, alcjs opinioni); = to con- 
tradict everything, contra omnia disserere. 

impulse, n. 1, as a term of mechanical 
philosophy, impulsio, impulsus, -us (better by 
verbs, e.g. agere, pellere, etc.); see Drive, Pro- 
pel, Move ; 2, = motive, impulsus, -lis, caus(s)a, 
or by circumloc. (e.g. ambition is the — of all his 
actions, quidquid agit, gloriae cupiditate impulsus 
agit) ; 3, = impression, impulsus, -us, impulsio ; 
external — , pulsus (-lis) extermis ; at anybody's 
— , (dqo auctore, alcjs impidsu, alcjs auctoritate; 
from one's own — , sponte or sitd sponte, also ipse 
(i.e. from one's own free will) ; not influenced by 
anybody else, perse; willingly, ultro; — from 
without, incitamentum, stimulus, impulsive, 
adj. by verb ; see Impel. 

impunity, n. with — , impunitvs, inultus 
(:= unrevcnged, unpunished, scot-free), iucasti- 
gatus (= unchastised), impune ; to have done 
with — , by impune esse, non puniri; impune 
abire ; to be able to do with — , alqd impune 
ferre or impune habere or impune. facire. 

impure, adj. impurus (fig. = immoral, un- 
chaste, of persons and things, e.g. manners, 
morals, life, mores); obscenus(obscuen-w obscaen-), 
(— unchaste) ; = stained, contaminatus(o\)\>. in- 
teger), witli anything, alqd re (e.g. with blood, 
sanguine); = unchaste, incestus; = low, inqui- 
natus (= spotted, e.g. a speech, a verse) ; foedus, 
spureus, turpis, teter (=foul); — desires, libi- 
dines. Adv. impure, obscene (obscoen- or obscaen-), 
inquinate, foede, spurce, turpiter. impurity, 
n. vmjmritas, or incestum, incestus, -us, obsccnitas 
(obscoen- or obscaen-), libido, stuprum, foeditas, 
turpitudo. 

imputable, adj. by cujus rei culpa alci 



assiguari potest, and by verbs ; see below, im- 
putation, II. 1, by verb; 2, = charge, crimen, 
culpa, accusatio. impute, v.tr. alqd alci obsig- 
nate (in a good and bad sense) ; to — to anyone 
the fault of anything, Cldpam alcjs rei alci assig- 
nare ; culjKim alcjs rei conjerre or transferre or 
derivarc in alqm ; cidpae alqd alci dare, alqd alci 
a(d)sciibiirc, uttribuere, affingere ; see Attribute. 
in, prep. 1, of place, by old locative (e.g. — 
Home, — Corinth, liomae, Corinthi, where — 
= at), in with abl. (e.g. in Italia), abl. (e.g. to 
loco, hue regione, his terris), — a letter, epistuld 
quddam, with verbs implying motiou, in with 
accus. (to place — a ship, in navem hnponire); 

— the assembly, pro contione (= before); — 
breadth, in latitudinem ; — height, in altitu- 
dincm; 2, of time, in with abl., or inter or 
intra with accus. (of time within which), per 
with accus. (= throughout}, de with abl. (= — 
the course of), simply abl. (e.g. — the night, 
node or de node), by the noun in apposition (e.g. 
I did it — my boyhood, puer feci), to have a 
friend — so-and-so, alqm amicum habere; 3, of 
occasion, manner, etc., per (e.g. per iram, — 
anger); abl., hoc modo = in this way (so too in 
hunc modum, ad hunc modum) ; — respect of (e.g. 

— wisdom = sapientux) ; 4, other uses, — an au- 
thor, apud with accus. (e.g. — Cicero, apud Cicero- 
vem); — the hands of, penes alqm; — the begin- 
ning, oh initio (when the act continues); to be 

— our favour, a nobis stare, with gerund (e.g. — 
loving, amando); — living, etc, cum, with indie. 
(e.g. you do well — saying, bene fads cum dkis). 

inability, n. imbecillitas, infinniUis (— bodily 
weakness), Utopia (=want of means), or use non 
posse; see Weakness. 

inaccessibility, n. by inaccessible. 
adj. iuaccessus; = impassable, surrounded, in- 
vius ; — difficult to pass, impeditus (e.g. forest) ; 
of persons difficult to be seen, rari aditds. Adv. 

— situated, quo non aditus est. 

inaccuracy, n. indUigentia, pravitas (when 
anything has been done totally wrong) ; = 
untruth, it must be circumscribed by fnlsus(e.g. 
to show the — of anything, alqd falsum esse pro- 
bare); see Falsehood, inaccurate, adj. in- 
diligens. Adv. indiligenter ; see Incorrect. 

inaction, inactivity, n. segniiies (segnitia), 
inertia, ignavia, comb, segnities et inertia or 
ignavia et inertia (— laziness); inclination to be 
idle, desidia (opp. industria, labor), comb, inertia, 
atque desidia or ilcsidia segnitiesque ; = cessation 
(of labour from fear of work), cessatio ; — '^isure, 
otium, desidia ; = rest, quies, -etis. inactive, 
adj. ignavus, deses, segnis, iners, quietus. Adv. 
ignore, seguita; quiete. 

inadequacy, n. by inadequate, adj. 
alienus ab alqd re, -non sufficient; = not adapted, 
not answering the purpose (e.g. a witness, 
evidence given), non satis idoneus, impar. Adv. 
parum, hand satis. 

inadmissibility, n. circumloc. by inad- 
missible, adj. quod admitti non potest. 

inadvertence, n, neglegentia (neglig-); 
= want of tare, incuria ; = laziness, socordia. 
inadvertent, adj. neglegens (neglig-), (opp. 
diligens); = lazy, socors, comb, socors neglegens- 
que (neglig-). Adv. neglegenter (neglig); = un- 
intentionally, sine consilio. 

inalienable, adj. quod abalienari non potest- 

inane, adj. inanis. 

inanimated, adj. inanimus, inanimatus. 

inanition, inanity, n. inanitas (lit. and 
fig.), inane, rucuitas, vacuum; = hollowness 
(tig.), vanitas. 

inapplicability, u. by inapplicable, 



ma 



726 



ino 



adj. with non pertinere ad, or non cadere in 
(with ace.) ; non valere. 

inapposite, adj. quod non aptiaii est. 

inappreciable, adj. quod sentiri von potest, 
or by minimus. 

lnapprehensive, adj. neglegens {neglig-). 

inappropriate, adj. non idoneus. 

inaptitude, n. 1, inutilitas (= uselessness) ; 
2, see Inability. 

inarticulate, adj. non satis distinctus. 
Adv. parum distincte. 

inartificial, adj. simplex (e.g. food, speech, 
language). 

inattention, n. animvs non attentus, neg- 
legentia {neglig-), incuria, indiligeniia. inat- 
tentive, adj. non attentus. 

inaudible, adj. quod audiri non potest. 

inaugural, adj. aditialis (ante and post 
class.) ; to deliver an — discourse, oratiove 
munvs auspicari. inaugurate, v.tr. 1, in- 
augurare, autpicare, dedicare (in respect of the 
worship of the gods, e.g. statues, images, altars, 
temples, etc.) ; consecrare (anything, e.g. an 
animal, a field, etc.); to initiate, initiate (= to 
admit to a knowledge of the sacred rites) ; 2, 
= to begin, coepissc; see Begin, inaugura- 
tion, n. dedicatio, consecratio. 

inauspicious, adj. in gen. infelix, t infavs- 
tus, laevus, + sinister, nc/astus; an — day, dies 
ater. Adv. in/eliciter, malis ominibns, inauspi- 
cato. 

incalculable, adj. major (e.g. numerus, 
etc.) quam qui calculari possit. 

incandescent, adj. candens. 

incantation, n. carmen. 

incapability, n. inscitia, lint bettor use 
non posse (e.g. — for action, qui agcrc von 2>otest). 
incapable, adj. indocilis {— indocile, — of 
instruction); = dull, hebes ; = unfit, incompe- 
tent, inutilis or inhabilis ad alqd ; = too dull for, 
hebes ad alqd. incapacitate, v.tr. inutilnn 
reddhe. incapacity, n. see Incapability. 

incarcerate, v.tr. {in carcerem or in citato* 
diam) in{j)icere, includere. incarceration, 
n. custodia, vinculo, -orum, n. 

incarnate, adj. eccl. t.t. -incarnatus (Eccl.), 
specie humana or corpore indutus. incarna- 
tion, n. * incamatio. 

Incautious, adj. imprudens, incautus, in- 
consultus, inconsideratvs, temerarhis. Adv. 
imprudenter, incante, inconsulte, inconsiderate, 
teniere. 

incendiarism, n. incendium (e.g. he was 
tried for — , de incendiis postulates est), incen- 
diary, n. incendiarius (Tne.), incendii auctor 
(referring to one case only). 

incense, I. n. tus, luris; of — , f tureus; 
carrying — , t turifer. II. v.tr. tus accendere. 
incense, v.tr. accendere, incendere (lit. and 
fig.); see Exasperate. 

incentive, I. adj. quod instigai ; see Incite. 
II. n. instigotio, irritatio, incitntio, concitatio, 
impulsns, -us, instinctus, -its, stimulus; =- means 
of inciting, irritnmenlum, invitamentum (chiefly 
in the pi.), illecebrn, lenocininm (= allurement) ; 
see Impulse. 

inception, n. inifium ; see Commence- 
ment, inceptive, adj. incipiens. 

incessant, adj. perpetuus, assiduus, con- 
tin uus; see Continuous. Adv. perpetiio, assi- 
due, continno. 

incest, n. incestus, -iis, Incestvm. incest- 
uous, adj. -incestus. 



inch, n. 1, = a lineal measure, digitus, 
uncia (Plin.); 2, fig. = a small quantity or 
degree ; not to yield, depart an — from, ab alqd 
re non transversum digitnm or non digitum dis- 
cedere ; to at? — , almost, tantum non, non 
midtum (not pariim) abfuit quin, etc. ; not an 

— better, nihilo melius; not an — different, 
plane idem; by — es, paul{l)atim, sensim. 

inchoate, adj. inchoatiis. 

incident, I, adj. quod ad alqd pertinet, or 
in alqd re consistlt, or alqd re continetur, jrropri- 
us, with gen. ordat. II. n. casus, -us, eventus, 
-its, res; see Circumstance. incidental, 
adj. fortuitus, forte obldtus. Adv. forte, fortuito ; 
I chanced to mention — , in me-ntionem {alcjs rei) 
inoidi. 

incipienoy, n. imitfoimj see Beginning. 
Incipient, adj. initiitm faciens. 

incision, n. incisura (Plin.) (= the aot of 

making an — , and also the — made, e.g. in the 
hand, the insects, leaves); the — made by the 
wheel, furrow, or ship, sulcus, incisive, adj. 
mordens, mordax, aspci . incisor, n. {— fore- 
teeth), dentes qui digcrunt cibv.m, denies qui 
secant. 

incite, v.tr. instigate (= to instigate, set on); 
s= to excite, animate, incitare, excitare, covcitare, 
(eomymovere, pennovere ; = to irritate, irritare ; 
= to stimulate, stimulare; = to rouse, kindle, 
inflammare, incendere, accendere; = to urge, 
impellcre (all alqm or alcjs animiim ad alqd); 
stimvlos alci admovere or addere {■= to prick), 
calcaria aid adhibcre or ailmovere (=to give the 
spur), alqm {cx)acucie (=to sharpen), ignem alci 
sub{j)icere {■= to kindle a fire underneath, i.o. to 
rouse one's desires, csp. envy), incitement, 
n. impnlsus, -its; see Impulse. 

incivility, n. inurbanitas, rusticitas, -inhu- 
manitas. 

inciemency, n. 1, inhumanitas, sevcritas, 
crudelitas, saevitia; 2, of the weather, faspcri- 
tas (e.g. hicmis), or gravis with n. (e.g. tempestus 
gravis); — of winter, hiemis dificultas. incle- 
ment, adj. 1, inclcmcns (Liv.), inhumaniis, 
scverus, crndelis, saevus ; 2, gravis, asper; see 
also Cold, Stormy, Severity. 

inclination, n. 1, lit. inclinatio; 2, in 
geom. and meeh. (= leaning of two bodies, lines, 
planes, towards each other, so as to make an 
angle) fastigium (= slope) ; = declivity, proclivi- 
tas, dcclivitos (both considered from the top), 
aedfri'te^considered from the bottom, = a bend- 
ing upwards); 3, = leaning of the mind, — to 
a subject, inclinatio animi; for anything, ad 
alqd voluntas; = a propensity, proclivitas 
oil alqd (in a bad sense); a favourable — for 
anything or anybody, studium alcjs rei or 
alcjs ; a favourable ■ — towards a person, pro. 
pensa in alqm. voluntas, propensum in alqm stu- 
dium; = love, amor, towards anybody, in or 
erga alqm; = — from a wish, studio, propemo 
animo (e.g. to do anything, alqd facere) ; from 
free — , ex animo ; to have an — for anything, 
ad alqd inclinatum, proclirem, pronvm esse, alci 
rei studere, alcjs rei esse stiudvoswm, alcjs rei 
studio teneri ; to be guided by one's own — , 
studiis suis obscqui. incline, I. v.intr. 1, = 
to slope, proclirem or dcclivcm esse; to be rising, 
acclivem esse (in looking upwards) ; neither to — ■ 
one way nor 1he other, in wild parte habere 
proclinationcs (e.g. of walls, etc.); 2, = to lean 
(in a moral sense), to have a tendency (of times, 
circumstances, etc.), inclinori, {sc) inclinare ; 
to — towards anything, (sc) inclinare ad or in 
alqd. (of persons and things), inclinatione volun- 
tatis propendere in alqm (= to feel oneself from 

— drawn towards anybody); to — more towards 



me 



727 



ine 



peace, iadinaliorem esse ad pacem, II. v.tr. 
indinare, submittere, demittere (e.g. caput), ln- 
clined, adj. for anybody or for anything, in- 
clinalus ad alqm, alqd ; = easy to persuade, pro- 
pensus ad or in alqd (e.g. to pardon, enjoyment) ; 
— to fall into anything, proclivls ad alqd, promts 
in alqd or ad alijd; I am more — to think, eo 
magis adducor itt putem ; = merciful, propitius 
(especially of the gods, seldom of man) ; = bene- 
volent, benevolvs (of man). 
Inclose, v.tr. saepire (sep-) ; see Enclose. 

include, v.tr. =to comprehend, comprehen- 
dere, complect i, conlinere, annumerare, a(d)scribire 
aid rei or in or ad ; to — among the accused, 
in reos referre; without including you, te excepto; 
to be included in anything, comprehend!, con- 
tineri alqd re ; to be included in that number, 
in eo numero esse or haberi. inclusive, in- 
cluded, adj. that matter — , additd ed re ; often 
simply by cum or ire; there were 300 soldiers, 
the prisoners — , milites erant trecenti cum capti- 
vis (or captivis annumeratis). Adv. that one — , 
eo comprelicnso ; — all those, omnibus conrpre- 
hensis or additis. 

incogitable, adj. to be—, necogitari quidm 
posse. 

incognito, adv. incognitas, ignoratus, alieno 
or dissimulato nomine. 

Incoherence, incoherency.n. by circum- 
loc. with incoherent, adj. intcrruptus (= in- 
terrupted), dissipatus (= scattered, torn, e.g. a 
speech), sibi non constant. Adv. interrupte, 
haud constanter or congruentcr ; to speak — , 
hand cohacicntia dicire. 

incombustibility, n. by incombus- 
tible, adj. qui iguibiis non absumitur. 

income, n. veetigal, -oils, n. (including public 
and private — , as taxes, tithes, rent), reditus, -us 
(in the sing. = the returns), frudus, -us (=the 
produce), pecunia, also reditus pecuniae (= a 
pecuniary return) ; public — , fructus publici, (if 
in mere money) pecuniae vectigales; — from 
lands, praediorum fructus, fructus quem jwaetfia 
reddunt; — from gain, quacstus, -us; to make 
an — , quaestum face re ; he has an — to live 
upon, hubet undc virat. 

incommode, v.tr! incommodum alci affcrre. 
incommodious, adj. incommodus; ==trouble- 
some, molest us; see Inconvenient. 

incomparable, adj. incomparabUis (Plin.); 

= unequalled, sine exemplo maximus (e.g. Homer- 
us) ; divin us (of persons and things, e.g. a legion, 
legio ; a voice, vox; works, opera); singularis 
(= unique, of persons and things, e.g. daughter, 
ftlia ; virtvs) ; eximius, egregius, praestans (= un- 
common, distinguished in particular respects, 
of things) ; Cicero, this man who, as regards his 
diction, can be equalled to none, Cicero, caelestis 
hie in dicendo vir. Adv. sine exemplo, divine, 
eximie, egrcgie, praestanter. 

incompatibility, n. repv.gnanlia, diver- 
situs; — of temper, rudeness, import u nitas ; see 
Rudeness, incompatible, adj. of anything 
that cannot subsist with something else, alienus 
ab alqd re, alci rei contrarius ; adversarius, ad- 
versus, injensus (= hostile), (ab alqd re) dinrsus ; 
to be — with anything, abhorrere ab alqd m ; 
f.uguure inter se (—to contradict each other, of 
things), repugnare alci rei (of two things that 
cannot be reconciled together). 

incompetence, incompetency, n. in- 
scitia ; see 1nahii.it v. incompetent, adj. 1, 
legally, to be — for anything, faciendi alqd jus 
or potcslatcm non habere, jure, alqd facerc non 
posse; 2, in gen., inscitus, inhabtlis, nescins, 
inutilis; see Foolish, Incapable. Adv. inscite. 



incomplete, adj. imperftctus. Adv. imper* 
fecte. incompleteness, n. quod imperfectum, 
est ; see Imperfect. 

incompliance, n. recusatio; with any- 
thing, alcjs rei. 

incomprehensibility, n. by incom- 
prehensible, adj. quod comprehendi or tor 
tellegi (intelligi) non potest. 

incompressible, adj. quod comprimi, cob* 
densari non potest (e.g. water). 

inconceivable, adj. quod (mente or cogita< 
tione) comprehendi non potest, quod intellegl non, 
potest, quod in intellegentiam non, cadit, quod 
cogitare non possumus, quod cogitari non potest ; 
=iuexplicable, immense, inexplicabilis (e.g. kind- 
ness, facilitas); = incredible, irecrafibii is. Adv. 
incredibilitcr, minim in modum. 

inconclusive, adj. (argumentum) quo nihil 
efflcitur. 

incongruity, n. repugnantia; see Absurd- 
ity, Contradiction. incongruous, adj. 
alienus ab alqo or ab alqd re, incongruens (Plin. 
Jlin.), inconvenient. Adv. nonapte. 

inconsequence, n. see Absurdity, in- 
consequent, adj. see Incoherent. 

inconsiderable, adj. levis (= without 
weight, unimportant) ; mtdiocris ( = mediocre, 
common, e.g. a man, a family ; then = not very 
great, light, etc.); minutus( = trifling); txigv.ua 
( = small in comparision with others, e.g. troops, 
copiae; fortune, property, rcsfamiliaris); =small 
in gen., parvus (opp. magnus, e.g. sum of money, 
pecunia ; troop of soldiers, man us) ; not — , nou- 
nullus. inconsiderate, adj. 1, inconsideratus 
( = without thinking); inconsultus ( = rash); = 
incautious, incautus ; = improvident, improvi- 
dus, comb, improvidus incautusque; = imprud- 
ent, imprudens; 2, = not regardful of others, 
alqm non observans or respiciens, alci non consu- 
lens. Adv. inconsiderate, incaute, imprudeuter; 
nullius rationc habita ( = without regard to 
persons). 

inconsistency, n. discrcpantia, incon- 
stautia, mutabilitas ; see Contradiction, in- 
consistent, adj. ab aUjd re alienus, inconstans, 
alci rei contrarius, ab alqd re or alci rei absonus, 
alci rei repugnans, ab or cum alqd re or alci rei 
discrepans. Adv. inconstanter. 

inconsolable, adj. + incoiisolabilis, {dolor 
or luctus, -iis) qui nullo solatio levari potest. .„ 

inconspicuous, adj. quod vix soitiri or 
sensibus percipi potest. Adv. sensim. 

inconstancy, n. inconstant ia (of persons and 
tilings, physical and moral, e.g. of the wind, 
renti); = changeableness, rarietas (e.g. of the 
army); = infidelity of a person, infidelitas; = 
Levity, levitas ; in one's resolutions, mutabilitas 
(mentis), comb, inconstantia mutabiiitasque men- 
tis; = movableness, variableness, mobilitas 
(also of anything personified, e.g. of fortune, 
fortuw.c). inconstant, adj. inconstans ( = 
not remaining always the same, physical, e.g. 
the wind, and in a moral sense, of persons 
and things) ; = changing, varius ; = un- 
faithful, injidclis (of persons); = vacillating, 
wavering, infirmns (of persons and things, opp. 
firmus); = volatile, lev is (of persons); = change- 
able, tickle in one's resolutions, mutabilis(ai per- 
sons), comb, varius et mutabilis; = fickle, one 
who goes easily from one thing to another, mnbills 
(of persons and things, e.g. character, mind, 
disposition, ingenium, animus; will, resolution, 
voluntas); = uncertain, not to be relied upon, 
ftuxus (of things, e.g. faith, fides ; fortune, for- 
tuna); see Changeable. 

incontestable, adj. quod refutari non potest. 



iiie 



728 



iiid 



incontinence, n. incontinentia ( = want of 
power to rule one's passions); intemperantia( = 
intemperance), incontinent, adj. incontinens, 
tntemperans. Adv. incontinenter; = immediate- 
ly, statim. 

■ incontrovertible, adj. quod re/atari non 
potest. 

inconvenience, inconveniency, n. in- 
commoditas (e.g. of anything, rei ; of time, tem- 
j'oris) ; incommodum ( = an — to anyone); =a 
disadvantage, molestia ; to cause — to anyone, 
aid incommodare or molestum «««, aid incommo- 
dum afferre, altri negotium srltibere, facessere. 
inconvenient, adj. inopportunus, intern pest ■:■ 
■cits (= in undue season), iucommodiis (= not 
quite convenient). Adv. intempestive, incom- 
mode. 

inconvertible, adj. immutobilis ; see Im- 
mutable. 

. incorporate, v.tr. see Unite, 1 ; Estab- 
lish, 2. 

incorrect, adj. von Justus ( = not according 
to order, opp. justvs), prtwus(, = perverse, con- 
trary to reason, improper, opp. rectus) ; vitio- 
sns, mendosits{ = full of mistakes, opp. rictus); — 
false, not true, fulstts (opp. rents) ; the account is 
— , ratio non conrenit or non constat; a very — 
work, with many mistakes, in quo muJta vitia 
insunt ; in which many statements are — , mi 
<y"0 multa perpcrum dicta sunt. Adv. perperam 
\= wrong, contrary to the real nature of any- 
thing," opp. rede; e.g. to pronounce, pronun- 
tiare) ; = with many mistakes, vitiose, mendose 
(opp. recte, e.g. to infer, argue, coii<iudc re); 
= falsely, untruly, falso (opp. rere or vero); 
= not as it should lie, teeus (e.g. t<i judge, jttdi- 
f.rr). incorrectness, n. by adj. Incorrect. 
incorrigibility, u. pravitas. incorrigi- 
ble, adj. qui corrigi mm potest! = saucy, im- 
probus. 

incorrupt, adj. 1, ineorruptus; 2, fig. 
integer, incoTTUptwt, punts, sunctus, castus, inno- 
ceius. Adv. incorrupte. sttnetc, integre, caste, pure, 
sonde, incorruptibility, n. 1, lit. quod cor- 
rum-pi or putrescere non potest ; 2, lig. intcgritas, 
sdnctitas, castimouiu, castitas, innocentia. 

increase, I. v.intr. 1, = to grow, («c)cres- 
cere, snecrescere, gliscere, incrementum capere, 
uugeri, augeseere, se corroborate or corroboruri, 
ingrartsa're (in bad sense), incvebrescere ( = to 
become more frequent), invalescere (= to get 
the upper hand), proficere (= to advance) ; the 
evil increases, malum ingravescit or corroboratur. 

II. v.tr. = to augment, ampliflcare (— to 
make wider), dilatare (= to spread out), ex- 
t end ere, propagare or projerre alqd (= to extend 
the limits, e.g. imperium or fines in 
avqfre, amplificare, multiplicand = to multiply). 

III. n. — augmentation, amplificatio (e.g. 
gltirine rei famuiaris), propctgutio or )trohttio 
finlum, accretto, accessio, augmentum, audits, 
-us, increment urn. 

incredible, adj. incredibilis ; it is — (au- 
ditu, dictn, titemorattt) incredibile est. Adv. in- 
crtdibiliter, incredibilem in nudum, incredu- 
lous, adj. qui non facile adduci potest ul i retted, 
increaulns. incredulity, n. by circumlnc. 
(e.g. se incrednlum praebitit, — lie showed 
his-). 

increment, n. incrementum : see Increase. 

incriminate, v.tr. alqm suspectum reddere, 

— oneself, se scelerc ulligare. 

incrust, v.tr. crustare. incrustation, n. 

crust a. 

incubate, v. intr. incubate (Plin.) ; see 
Hatch. Incubus, n. incubo. 



inculcate, v.tr. «/'/»i alqd dueMre; to — that, 
etc., alci incmlcare nt, etc. ; imprimere ( = to im- 
press, imprint a mark upon) or insculpere ( = to 
engrave) alqd in alqd re (the two latter verbs 
both lit. and fig.) ; to have been — d on the 
heart, in animo inscidptum esse or in animo 
inseidptum habere. 

incumbency, n. 1, = a relying on some- 
thing, ofiicium (in gen.), munns, -eris (as the 
duty of an office); 2, = state of holding an 
ecclesiastical benefice, *possessio beneficii. in- 
cumbent, I. adj. = lying on (as duty or obli- 
gation), anything in — upon me, debco alqd 
/■."•ere, or alqd mihi faciendum est, or est with 
genit.. (e.g. it is — upon, the duty of the pupil, 
est disdpidi ; it is — upon inc, you, etc., matr/i, 
tuitm est). II. n. = a clergyman, * bencjiciarius. 

incur, v.tr. 1, lit. = to run against, hence 
to become subject to, incurrere in alqm or alci 
rei, incidere in alqd: 2, tig. colligcre (e.g. hatred, 
invidiam, by anything, alqd re), or aid in odium 
venire, in alcjs odium incurrere ; alcjs odium 
sibi contrahere; to — disgrace, dedecus in se 
admittire. 

incurability, n. by incurable, adj. in- 

sana'oilis, t immedicabilis ; — hopeless, desperatns 
(e.g. a patient given up by the medical attend- 
ant). Adv. use adj. (e.g. he was — ill, morbus 
erat insanabilis). 

indebted, adj. 1, = being in debt, obueratus ; 
to be — to, alci pecuniam debere or pecuniam 
acceptam referre ; 2, = obliged by something 
received; to be — to anyone, old obnoxivm 
esse, alcjs beneficiis abligatum esse; to be greatly 
— to anybody, alci ■multum or inulta bni'-fic'm 
thlurr, alqd alci acceptum referre. 

indecency, n. turpitndo( — — in anyone's 
language or behaviour), obscenitas (pbxcoen-, 
obscaen-,; see Obscenity, indecent, adj. iw- 
decorus ( = unbecoming, opp. decorus, e.g. laugh- 
ter, rims); obscenus ( = obscene), inhonestus ( = 
dishonourable); turpis ; pa rum verecundus ( = 
; otlensive to modesty and delicacy, not feeling 
ashamed, e.g. words, verba); an — expression, 
quod Vurpe diftit videatur (e.g. to make use of, 
dicire). Adv. indecore, tttrpiter, obscene. 

indeciduous. adj. (Jolia, etc.) quae non 
cadnnt, or non decidua sunt. 

indecision, n. dubitatio, ineonstantia,haesi- 
tantia. indecisive, adj. dnbivs, «?ic?]w. Adv. 
by adj. ; see Indefinite. 

indeclinable, adj. use verbum quod casibus 
immutari non potest, quod declinari non potest, 
iiideclinabUis (gram.); — nouns, aptota, pi. 
(gram.). 

indecorous, adj. indeobrus; see Indecent. 
indecorum, n. deformitas ( = ugliness) ; = an 
evil, a mistake, ritium ; by the adj. turpis or 
indecurus, also by dedecet (e.g. that is an — , fcoc 
turpe est or dedecet) ; see INDECENCY. 

indeed, adv. = in reality, quidem or euim 
(enclit), adeo, profecto, enimvero, vere (— truly) ; 
rero, re vcrtt, rc( = in reality, indeed, opp. nomine, 
i.e. nominally, merely in appearance). I —,etfiti- 
,lem ; — ? Manewo?(inan ironical sense), ain' tn t 
yon don't say so? If used in an emphatic sense, 
e.g. this is true, it is indeed, —sane (referring to 
particular expressions), vera? both also = yes, 
certainly (i.e. wme quidem and ita sane); quidem, 
•n '.,. (to note concession) ; credo (= I think so ; 
with reserve); atqui (= yes; if however, etc.); 
nempe, u iw iriim, scilicet, videlicet (all = a conces- 
sion in a familiar kind of way ; nempe = surely); 
nimirum — no doubt; scilicet, videlicet = of 
course ; all four also used in an ironical sense ; 
e.g. very difficult — ; sane diffldlis. I could — 



ind 



729 



ind 



wish, Servius, Ego vero, Servi, vclhm; I should 
— serve my fellow-citizens very badly, Male, 
credo, mererer de meis civibus ; and — , et sane; 
surely — , immo vero ; — ... but nevertheless, 
etsi . . . tamen,; or by ille quidem, is quidem . . . 
sed tamen; — not, ncque (at the beginning of a 
sentence, with sed following); then — , turn 
vero. 

indefatigable, adj. assiduus ( = constantly 
active), impiger (■= unwearied) ; iiulefessus, comb. 
assiduus et indefessus. Adv. assidue, impigre. 
indefatigability, n. assiduitas, assiduitas ct 
diligentia, iinpigritas. 

indefeasible, adj. inperpetuum rains. 

indefectible, indefective, adj. vitio 
co.reus. 

indefensible, adj. quod defendi non potest 
(iu gen.); of a military position, (locus) qui tencri 
•non potest. 

indefinable, adj. quod definiri non potest; 
an — sense of danger, nescio quid pcriculi. in- 
definite, adj. incertus (= uncertain, e.g. an- 
swer, rcsponsum) ; = doubtful, dubius, anceps ; = 
ambiguous, ambiguus (e.g. oracle, oracuhun, =of 
doubtful meaning) ; for an — period, in invert am ; 
the — pronoun, pronomcninjinitumorindejinitu m 
(grain.). Adv. ambigue, incerte or incerto (both 
ante class.), dubie. 

indelibility, n. by circumloe. with adj. 
indelible, adj. t indelibiiis, quod dderi non 
potest ; quod elui non potest (== what cannot be 
wiped off) ; incxpiabilis, implacabilis(c.g. hatred, 
tig.) ; sempitemus, ixrpetuus (fig., e.g. hatred). 

indelicate, adj. parum vereeuudus, inur- 
banus, inhonestus ( = ungentleinanly), impudicus 
(= indecent). Adv. parum vcrecunde, inurbane, 
impudke. indelicacy, n. by adj. 

indemnification, u. damni restitutio ; in 
the connexion of a sentence, coni})ensatw, or cir- 
cumloe. by damnum (eom)pensare or (re)sarcire 
or rcstituere. indemnify, v.tr. damnum alci 
restituere, (re)sarcire, pensare; to — by anything 
for a thing, o.lqd alqd re compensare. indem- 
nity, n. see Indemnification ; act of — , lex 
oblivionis; see Amnesty. 

indent, v.tr. alqd incidere. indenture, 
n. pactum. 

independence, n. libert.as (opp. servitus), 
arbitrium liberum (i.e. liberty of using one's own 
judgment); = exemption from burdens, immu- 
nitas. independent, adj. liber, solutus (often 
= free in bad sense) ; sui juris (of one who is his 
own master, of age) ; sui potens (= who does as 
he thinks proper) ; liber et solutus, solutus ct liber 
( = free and unbound, tied by nobody) ; = exempt 
from burdens, immunis, legibus solutus ; to be 
— , sui juris or suaepotestatis or in sua potestate 
esse; to obey nobody, nemini pare re ; to live as 
one thinks proper, — from others, ad suwm ar- 
bitrium vivere. Adv. libere, solute, comb, libere 
ct solute, suo arbitrio (=at one's own will). 

• indescribable, adj. inmarrabUis ( = what 
cannot be estimated properly, e.g. trouble, 
labour); incredibilis (= incredible, e.g. joy, 
laetitia) ; mirus ( = wonderful) ; singularis (e.g. 
faithfulness, fides), or by nescio quid (= what is 
so extraordinary that we can hardly comprehend 
it, e.g. that wonderful thing, illud nescio quid 
praec.larum). Adv. incnarmbiliter, incredibiliter, 
singulariter, mirum in modum. 

indestructible, adj. quod dirui or everti 
non potest, or perennis, perpetuus (= lasting). 

indeterminate, adj. incertus ; see Indefi- 
nite, indetermination, n. by circumloe. 
witli Indefinite, indetermined, adj. dubius 

( =r doubtful), incertus ( = uncertain) ; I ain •*• 



what to do, dubius or incertus sum quid factum ; 
I am — whether to stay or to go, inccrtum mini 
est quid again, abeam an maneam ; I am — 
whether, etc., incertus sum utrum, etc. Adv. 
dubikniter ; see Indefinite. 

index, n. 1, in gen. = that which points out, 
index, -ids, m. and f. (in a good or bad sense); 
2, =the hand that points to the hour of the 
day, use gnomon, or horarum index; 3, = table 
of the contents of a book, index or epitome. 

indexterity, n. inscitia. 

Indian, adj. Indianus, Indicus. 

indicate, v.tr. Indicate, indicio or indicium 
esse; in reference to future things, significare, 
praenunliare, portendere ; = to announce, nun- 
tiare., nuntium alejs rei afferrc; = to declare 
anything that is to be kept a secret, enuntiarc ; 
= to denounce, inform, deferre ; = to declare, 
state what is to be done, denuntiare (e.g. 
war) ; = to prove, arguerc ; see Declare. 
indication, n. indicium, index, argumentum, 
vestigium, documentum, significatio, signum. 
indicative, adj. 1, indicans; see Declare; 
2, — mood, modus induntivus (gram.), indi- 
catory, adj. significans ; see Declare. 

indict, v.tr. = to accuse, accusare, postulare, 
nomen alcjs deferre; see Accuse, Action, in- 
dictment, n. bill of — , libcllus, accusatio 
(inasmuch as the speaker appears before the 
public with it), indictable, adj. accusabilis, 
quod lege auimadvertendum est. indicter, n. 
accusator. 

indifference, n. 1, lit. leuitas, vilitas 
( = slightness of a matter) ; 2, = careless- 
ness about anything, taking no notice of it, 
neglegentia (ncglig-) alcjs or alcjs rei; neglectio 
alcjs rei, contemptio alcjs rei, despicientia alcjs 
rei, incuria ; 3, — calmness, arquus animus, 
aequitas animi ; = coldness, lentitudo; = hard- 
ness of heart, animus durus, animus alicna- 
tus ab alqo (= coldness towards n friend); 4, 
= impartiality, aequabilitas, aequitas ; see Im- 
partiality, indifferent, adj. 1, in the 
proper sense, idem valens, ejusdempretii ( = of the 
same value) ; = neither good nor bad, nee bonus 
nee mains ; indiffcrens (attempted by Cicero as a 
translation of the Greek a$ta<l>opos) ; = keeping 
the middle course, neither to blame nor to praise, 
medius, qui (quae, quod) ne.quc laudari per se neque 
vituperori potest; — trifling, insignificant, levis, 
vilis; = too sure of any thing, securus; = careless 
about anything, remissus, dissolutus ; (e.g. who- 
ever, in seeing these things, could be so — as to 
remain silent? quis tarn dissoluto animo est, qui 
haec quum vidcat tacere possit ?) ; = slow, sluggish, 
lentus; = hard-hearted, durus; it is — to me 
whether, etc., ntA.il iked interest or refert ; I 
have become — against any fresh grief, afflic- 
tion, obduruit animus ad dolorcm novum; to 
remain — to anything, to bear, put up with, 
aetruo animo ferre or pati alqd, lente(=ens\\y)fcrre 
alqd; see Impartial; 2, neither good nor the 
worst, tolerabilis ; = middling, mediocris, 
modicus ; = pretty fair, satis bonus or sat 
bonus (e.g. accusator). Adv. = without distinc- 
tion, promiscue, jiromtscam (ante class.) ; = care- 
lessly, dissoluto or remisso animo, veglegenter 
(ncglig-); = coolly, lenle ; = hard -heartedly, 
d writer ; = impartially, aequo animo, aequabilU 
tcr ; = middlingly, mediocriter, modice. 

indigence, n. inopia ; = Vant, egestas, men- 
dicitas ; = poverty, inopia; to be reduced to 
extreme — , ad extremum inopiae venire; to be 
reduced to complete poverty, to become a 
pauper, in mendicitatem detrudi. indigent, 
adj. ii'ups, cgens, mendicus ; sec NEEPY, 



ind 



7oO 



me 



indigenous, adj. 1, applied to persons, 
indigene (opp. alienigeim, adueaa, peregriuus), 

or circumloc. by in ed or Hid tend natus ; the — 
inhabitants (= natives), indigenac : 2, applied to 
animals, vegetables, etc., indigena, vernacidus; 
see Native. 

indigested, adj. 1, = not concocted in the 
stomach, crndus; 2, = not regularly disposed 
and arranged ; see Un arranged; 3,= not reduced 
to due form, immaturus. indigestible, adj. 
difficilis ccmcoctu or ad eoncoquendum, gravis. 
indigestion, u. crudUas (e.g. of the stomach). 

indignant, adj. indigndbundua( = full of in- 
dignation); = half-angry, subiralus; = angry, 
iratus, iracundus; = with a hostile feeling, ini- 
qyus; to be — against anyone, alci stomachari or 
iratum esse. Adv. irate, iracundc. indigna- 
tion, n. indignalio (in gen.),' indignitas (= 
indignity, then dissatisfaction we feel), at any- 
thing, 'idejs ret; = displeasure, sensitiveness, 
stomachus ; = anger, ira, iracundia, bills ; rather 
in — , suhiratus; in — , animo iniquo or irato, 
indignabundus, iratus. indignity, n. icjno- 
minia, indignitas, contnmelia ; see Insult. 

indirect, adj. 1, lit. not straight, nnn rectus, 
devius ; 2, — tig., can only be rendered by cir- 
cnmloc. ; there are direct and — causes, caus(s)a- 
rum aliae sunt adjuvantes, aliac proximae; if — 
means through a third party, it is rendered by 
per (e.g. per senntum) ; 3, Grain, t.t. obliquus 
(e.g. orotic obliqua). Adv. dbscwre, tecte, clam, 
occvlte, or byjiei-with ace. as above, circuitione 
qv/niam. 

indiscernible, adj. quod txrni rum potest. 

indiscoverable, adj. quod inveniri non 
potest. 

indiscreet, adj. see Inconsiderate, Im- 
provident, Immodest, indiscretion, n. see 
Improvidence, Immodesty. 

indiscriminate, adj. pramiscuus. Adv. 
omni discrimine sublato, promiscue. 

indispensable, adj. necessarivs; it is — , 
neccsse est (with ace. and inf. or with subjuuc). 
Adv. neccssario. 

indispose, V.tf. by circnmloc. alqd ad a'qd 
inutile reddere, njqm ab alqd re, avocare. indis- 
posed, adj. 1, tobe, feel — , leviter aegrotare ; to 
become — , see Sickly ; 2, = unwilling, aversus 
ab alqo or ab alqd re ( = feeling averse), aliena- 
tv.s, alienus ( = hostile to a cause) ; not to be — 
to believe a thing, inclinato ad credendum esse 
animo; not to feel — todo athing, hand displicet 
(with inf.). indisposition, n. 1, commotiun- 
mda; 2, animus avcrsvs, invilus, alienus; see 
Aversion, Disinclination. 

indisputable, adj. certus.perspicuus, mani- 

festus, clurus; sec Certain. Adv. sine (ultd) 
corUroversid ( = without the least controversy) ; 
= undoubtedly, ccrto,sincdubio ; = without fail, 
hand dubie, ccrte ; = by far, longe, with adj. 
(e.g. Demosthenes was — the finest orator, 
oratorum longe prineeps Demosthenes). 

indissoluble, adj. indissolubilis (lit, e.g. 
'knot, nodus); Inesplicabills (lit. = what cannot be 
unfolded, untwisted, e.g. chain, vinculum; hence 
tig. = unexplainable); = everlasting, aeternus. 

indistinct, adj. parum clarus (both for 
the eye and the ear) ; obscurus (e.g. speech, 
oratio); = perplexed, perplcrus ( = diflicult 
to make out, e.g. an answer, a reply, responsum); 
an — voice, vox oltusa (= weak, Quint). Adv. 
minus clare, obscure, perpleie, confuse ; see 
Doubtful, Doubtfully. indistinguish- 
able, adj. quod discerni non potest. 

indite, v.tr. srribere. 

individual, X, adj. pmprius, sing>dnris, 



singuli; to remain true to one's — character, 
nalurc.m propriam. sequL Adv. viritim, in singu- 
las, si(n)gillativi. II. n. an — , homo, indi- 
viduality, n. nut urn alcjs propria. 

indivisibility, n. by adj. indivisible, 

adj. individuus, quod dividi non potest; small 
— bodies, corpttscula indMdua. 

indocile, adj. indocilis. indocility, n, 
innenium indocile. 
indoctrinate, v.tr. crudire in alqd re. 

Indolence, n. ignavia, inertia, desidia, 
segnitia (segnities), pigritia (pigrities). indo- 
lent, adj. ignavus, iners, deses, segnis (in posit. 
rare in classical Lat.), piger. Adv. ignore, 
segne, segniter; see Idle. 

indomitable, adj. quod vimi non potest, 
in vidus, indom itus. 

in-door, adj. umbratilis. in-doors, adv. 
domi. 

indorse, v.tr. 1, syngrapham inscribe re ; 
2, fig. see Sanction, Allow. 

indubitable, adj. non dvbi"s; = certain, 
certus. Adv. see Certain. 

induce, v.tr. anybody to a thing, uiqm in 
or alqd inducere ( = to lead into, e.g. an error, in 
errorem; to a war, ad helium); = to urge any- 
one to a tiling, alqm impellere tutor in dlqd 
(e.g. to a war, ad helium) ; = to allure any- 
one to a thing, alqm illicere or pell ice re in or ad 
alqd (e.g. in fraudem) ; = to try to — a 
person to do a thing, alqm sol(J)icitare ad alqd 
faciendum or sol(l)icitare ut, etc. inducement, 
n. caus(s)a, impulsus, -us, incitamentum, illece- 
brae, praemium. inducer, n. auclor. in- 
duct, v.tr. inauourare. induction, n. in 
logic, inductio (Quint.); logical t.t. * ratio per 
inductionem facta. 

indulgence, n. indulgentia, dementia, be- 
nignilas, venia(= the overlooking of faults); in 
the middle ages, * indulgentia (= remission of 
sins), indulge, I. v.tr. alci or aid rei indid- 
gere, alci. or alci rei reniam dare, alqm indulgev- 
tld tractare, alqd alci conccdcrc or con dona re ; = 
giatify, (volnptabilis) sc dedcre, (in)serrirc. II. 
v.iutr. nimis sibi indidgere. indulgent, adj. 
indulgent (=. showing kindness or favour, 
opp. of sevcrus), clemens (= merciful, opp. of 
sevrrus, ervdelis), benignus (= kindness of heart, 
opp. of malignus), facilis. Adv. indulgenter, 
clementer, benigne. 

Industry, n. industria, (gjnavitas (rare, opp. 
ignavia), labor, opera, assiduitas, scdulitas. 
industrious, adj. industrius, (gpiavus, acer, 
sedulus, assiduus, strenuvs, diligens. Adv. indus- 
trie,(g)naviter,acrlter, assiduc, strenuc, diliacnter. 

indweller, n. incola, m. and f. ; see Inhab- 
itant, indwelling, adj. = remaining within 
(e.g. sin), qui intus est, insitus ; — natural, in- 
nate, innatus, naturd insitus. 

inebriate, v.tr. ebrium faccre, temv.lentum 
facere. inebriated, adj. ebrius, temukntus. 
inebriation, n. cbrietas; see Drunkenness. 

inedited, adj. ineditus. 

ineffability, n. by ineffable, adj. by 
quod verbis erprimi non potest, inauditus; = 
too horrible to utter, infandus (e.g. deed, grief;; 
= incredible, incredibilis (e.g. pleasure, desire, 
longing): = unheard of, inauditus (e.g. great- 
ness, size, cruelty). Adv. supra quam enarrori 
potest (= indescribably) ; incrcdibiliter (= in- 
credibly). 

ineffective, inefficient, adj. invalidvs 
(lit. not strong, weak), (e.g. medicine, opp. forlis, 
valens); = unfit, unwholesome, inutilis; to re- 
main, to be — , tffectv carere (°.g. plans, etc.). 



me 



731 



inf 



A'liv. frustra, neqiti(cWuam (neqnidq-). in- 
effectiveness, inefficiency, n. use adj. 

inelegance, inelegancy, n. circumloc. 

by sine elegant id; inconcinnitas(e.g. of the ideas, 
senientiqrum) ; see Elegance, inelegant, adj. 
invcnustus (= ungraceful), inelegans (= without 
taste), inconcinnus (= slovenly, improper), 
illepidusi— without grace), inurbanus, agrestis, 
iuhumanus, rusticns (= boorish), inornatus (= 
without ornaineut) ; incomptus (lit. uncombed, 
e.g. head, hair: then fig., unpolished, e.g. 
speech, style). Adv. inelcganter, illepidc, inur- 
bone, Tustice. 

ineligible, adj. qui per leges non eligemlus 
est, = unsuitable, inopportunus ; see Unfit, Un- 
suitable. 

inept, adj. ineptus; see Absurd. 

inequality, n. inacqualitas, dissimilitudo 
(t=unlikeness, e.g. of character, morvm). in- 
equitable, adj. iniquus (of pers. and things, 
opp. aequus, e.g. judge, law, condition); injus- 
(us (= unjust, of pera. and things, opp. Justus, 
meritus, debitus, e.g. interest of money) ; impro- 
bus (— dishonest) ; immeritus (= undeserved ; 
especially with a negation before it, e.g. praise 
not undeserved, laudes haud immcritae). Adv. 
iniquc, injuste. 

inert, adj. iners, immobilis, tardus; see 
Idle, Indolent. Adv. tarde. inertness, 
n. inertia; see Indolence. 

inestimable, adj. iuacstimabilis (lit. = what 
cannot be estimated, Liv.); tinicus (= alone of 
its kind), mirus, mirijicus, incredibilis (= won- 
derful); eximius, pracstans, extellcns, singularis 
(— excellent). Adv. eximie, excellenter, unicc, 
praestanter, mire, mirifice, increiiibiliter. 

inevitable, adj. quod vitari or fvgari non 
potest, inevilabilis, necessarius. Adv. nccessario. 

inexact, adj. liaud exquisitus or accuratus 
(of things), indiligens (of persons), inexact- 
ness, n. indiligentia ; — of expression, verba 
non accurata. 

inexcusable, adj. quod excusari non potest, 
quod nihil cxcusalionis habet. Adv. use adj. 

inexhaustible, adj. quod exhauriri non 
■potest, infinitus. 

inexorability, inexorableness, n. cir- 
cumloc. by inexorable, adj. inexorabilis; = 

with unflinching severity, sevcrissimus, durus. 
Adv. use adj. 

inexpediency, n. inutilitas, or by adj. 
inexpedient, adj. inutilis, inopportunus. 

inexperience, n. imperitia (= want of 
knowledge and experience) ; i)iscitia, inscientia, 
■insolentia (= ignorance in gen.), alcjs rei. inex- 
perienced, adj. imperitus, in anything, alcjs 
rei ; — ignoraut, ignarua (alcjs rei), = only a 
beginner, rudis in. alqd re; to be — in anything, 
alqd nescire, in alqd re non versatum esse, in alqd 
re peregrinum, or hospitem, or comb, peregrinum 
c.tque hospitem esse, inexpert, adj. = Inex- 
perienced. 

, inexpiable, adj. inexpiabilis. 

inexplicable, adj. inerplicabiUs. Adv. 
use adj. 

inexpressible, adj. inauditus, inenarru- 
bilis; see Ineffable. 

inexpugnable, adj. incxpugnabilis. 

inextinguishable, adj. t inex(s)tinctus 
(e.g. ignis, fames, nomeri), quod reprimi or 
ex(s)(ingui non potest. 

inextricable, adj. inexplicabilis, \ inex- 
tricabilis. Adv. use adj. 

infallibility, n, (e.g. of a remedy) certum 



remediuin. infallible, adj. 1, = certain, 
cerlus, nun- dubius; exploratus ; 2, = one 'who 
is incapable of erring, qui errare -non potest. 
Adv. certo ; to be — , omni errore carerc. 

infamous, adj. in/amis, turpis, flagitiosus, 
sceleratus, focdus. Adv. turpiler,fiagitiose, sccler- 
ate,foede. infamy, n. injamia, turpitudo, dede- 
CVS, -oris, ignominiu. 

infant, n. in/ans, jiliolus, filiola. infancy, 
ii. in/antia (Plin., TttC.), or by infans (e.g. in 
his — , cum esset infuns). Infanta, n. jllia 
regis Hispaniae. infanticide, n. infantium 
caedes. infantine, adj. puerilis. 

infantry, n. 2>cdites, -«m; or collectively, 
pedes, also pedi ta t us, -its. 

infatuate, v.tr, infatuure (= to lead, entice 
to an absurdity) ; occaecare (=to make blind, to 
blind) ; pellieire (= to inveigle, wheedle, e.g. a 
girl), infatuated, adj. aniens, demens. in- 
fatuation, n. amentia, dementia, furor. 

infect, v.tr. = to infuse into a healthy body 
the virus of a diseased body, facirc vt alqd trail- 
seat in alios (i.e. lit. to pass over into others, 
of diseases) ; = to communicate bad qualities to 
anyone ; e.g. others became likewise — ed, con- 
tagio morbi etium in alios vulgata est ; tig. to — a 
person through one's bad qualities, alqm vitiis 
suis inficire; to become — ed by orrors, infici or 
imbui vitiis, imbui trroribus. infection, n. 
contagio (lit. and tig. in pi.), f contagium, eontac- 
tus,-fis; see Contagion, infectious, infec- 
tive, adj. in good Lat. circ. by contagio morbi ; 

— disease, pestilentia. 

lnfecundity, u. sterilitas (opp. fcrtilitas). 

infelicitous, adj. infelix; see Unhapi'v. 
infelicity, n. malum; sec Unhappiness. 

infer, v.tr. concludere. colligere. infer- 
ence, u. 1, — the art of inferring, argumenUi- 
tlo,conjectura; 2, = conclusion drawn, conclusio 
(of a syllogism), conjcclura (on general grounds) ; 
quod colli gi potest (from, etc., ex, etc.); see Con- 
clusion. 

inferior, I. adj. inferior, deterior, minor. 
II. n. (e.g. anyone's — ), inferior; ii qui in- 
fcriores su iU. 

infernal, adj. infernus (tit) ; the — regions> 
inferi, iOrcus; = frightful, tcrribilis (fig.); 

— diabolical, nefandus (fig.). 

infertile, adj. sterilis; see Barren, infer- 
tility, 11. sterilitas. 

infest, v.tr. infestum reddere ; to — (the high 
seas) by piracy, mare infestarc latrociniis; 
vcxare. infested, adj. infest us. 

infidelity, n. (in a Christian sense), itn- 
pietas; — unfaithfulness, infidelitas ; perfidia, 
(— treachery) ; = to commit a breach of faith, 
fidem mo cere or violare or frangere; = to show 
— , pcrjide agere. 

infinite, adj. infinitus (= without limits), 
immciisus ; — mood, verbum infinitum, modus in- 
jinltus (gram.). Adv. infinite, ad or in infinitum, 
ad or in immensum; see Endless, infini- 
tesimal, adj. minimus, quam minimus, in- 
finitude, infinity, n. infinitas (= infinite ex- 
tent), infinitum tempus (=eudless time); magna 
copia (= great quantity). 

infirm, adj. infirmus, imbicilhts, invedidus, 
debilis ; see Weak, infirmary, n. nosoco- 
mium (roaoKojtieloi') vahtudinarium (Jet.). 
infirmity, n. 1, infirmitas, imbecillitas, de- 
bilitas ; 2, == a complaint, vitium ; = a bodily 
complaint, vitium corporis, morbus; the — , the 
defects of the state, reipublicae vitia. 

inflame, v.tr. 1, = to set on fire in a lit. 
sense, accendire i incendcrc, infiommare; 2,= to 



inf 



732 



mg 



oxcite or increase (e.g. passions), incitare, in- 
fiammare, accentlere, incendere; seo Incite; 3, 
= to heat, as to — with wine, to exasperate 
(e.g. the enmity of parties), inflammare ; to be in- 
flamed, to grow hot, angry, and painful, inflam- 
mari, ardere, flagrare. inflammable, adj. 
Jaeilis ad exardeseendum, quod celcritcr accendi- 
tur. inflammation, n. inflammatio (Flin.). 
inflammatory, adj. 1, inflammans; 2, tig. 
eeditiosvs, turbulentus (of speech). 

inflate, v.tr. 1, = to swell or distend by in- 
jecting air, inflare, svfflare ; to become inflated, 
'inflari ; 2,— to distend by blowing in, spiritu dis- 
tendere (e.g. a bladder) ; 3, = to become inflated, 
se inflare or sufflare (e.g. of the frog) ; = to puff 
up (e.g. to — anyone), inflare alcjs animum ad 
svperbiam. inflated, adj. 1. inflates, sufflatus; 
2, of speech, tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. in- 
flation, n. ivflatio ; fastus, -lis, = idle vanity, 
conceit, siipcrbia inanis. 

inflect, v.tr. 1, = to bend, (in)fleclcre ; see 
Bend; 2, (in the grammat. sense) dcclinare. in- 
flection, n. flmts, -iis,= in the grammat. sense, 
deelinatio. inflexibility, n. (of the temper), 
obstinalio, pertinacia, pervicacia, ■perseverantia. 
inflexible, adj. rigidus (lit. = still' with cold, 
then tig. = rigid, inexorable), obstinatvs, perli- 
nax, pcnricax. Adv. obstinate, pertinacitcr, per- 
vicaciter, perseveranter. 

inflict, v.tr. alci olqd afferre, infcrre (esp. 
evil) ; alqm alqd re afficere (= to affect any- 
one, make an impveRsion with anything) ; to 
— ignominy, disgrace, alci turpitudinem in- 
Jrrre or infligere, ignominid alqm afficere or 
notare ; alci ignominiam ivjungere ; to — wrong, 
injuriam alci facers, inferrc, injungere, impo- 
itere ; — punishment upon, pocnam de alqp 
capere or sumac, alqm poena afficere, alqm punire; 
see Punish, infliction, n. = an evil, malum, 
incommodunu 
inflorescence, n. floe. 
influence, I. n. vis; effect its, -is (i.e. vis 
efficiendi, e.g. of the moon), pondus, -eris, 
auctoritas, momentum (= weight), potentia (= 
power), gratia (= personal or political — ) ; ampli- 
tudo (= greatness acquired through the office 
which a person holds) ; digni'.as (— personal — 
through one's high social position); = — of a 
whole party, or of one person, through power 
and wealth, opes, -inn, f. ; = power of one body In- 
coming in contact with another, tactus, -its (e.g. 
of the sun, .in/is; of the moon, tome); =• — ofthe 
stars and the moon, vis stcllarum ac lunae ; 
divine — , afflatus, -us, instinctus or divinns ; to 
exercise an — upon anything, valere, conduccre, 
vim habere ad alqd (= to contribute to, etc.); 
= to extend to, pcrtinere ad alqd; to have — , 
weight with a person, multum atietarUate valere 
or posse, apvd alqm multum gratid valere; to 
have no — , to be of no avail, nihil posse, nihil 
valere, sine auetoritate esse; to have a bene- 
ficial — upon anyone, prodesse alci (rei) ; 
an Injurious — , nocere alci (rei). II. v.tr. alqm 
movere, permovere, alci pcrsuadrre ; see above, 
to have — . influential, adj. (afcjs rei) potens 
(of animate and inanimate objects); = strong, 
through means, resources, favour, validvs or 
potens opibus, gratia (of persons) ; an — person, 
qvi vuritum valet ; gravis (— weighty), ampins (= 
— in position), magna auctoritate. influx, n. 
by influere (e.g. influentes in Italian Gallorum 
cojnos reprimcre, = to check the — of the Gauls 
into Italy). 

inform, v.tr. 1, (lit. = to give form or shape 
to), (ef)fingere, facere, efficere, conformare, in- 
formate; hence, = to animate, Umimarc ; 2, 
= to acquaint anyone with a fact, alci alqd 
vvntiare (= to announce j u writing, or by a 



messenger) ; = to announce through a messen- 
ger, ah/d alci per tiuntium declarare ; = to com- 
municate a fact (as a certain*)'), certiorcm facire 
alqm alcjs rei or de ah/d re; alqm alqd or de alqd 
re docere ; alqd ad alqm deferrc, praejerre ; — by a 
hint, alci alqd signifleare ; 3, ■ — against, ac- 
cusarc nomen alcjs de alqd re, or alci alcjs rei 
defette. informal, adj. inusitatus, irritus, in- 
solitus; of an election, by vithim (e.g. consul vitio 
creatvs). Adv. vitio, haud more, informality, 
n. 1, vitium (in an election, etc.) ; 2, = without 
formality, amice, informant, n. auctor alcjs 
rei. information, n. 1, = intelligence, nun- 
tius ; written — , Ht(t)erae ; — the authority (for 
the truth of anything), auctoritas; =a doubtful 
— , rumour, Jama ; = indication of anything, 
signiflcatio alcjs rei; to receive — , nunthnn ac- 
cipcre, certiorem fieri, about anything, alcjs rei 
or de alqd re; to learn, hear — , alqd accipere, 
uudire, comperire ; 2, = knowledge, scientia, 
doctrina ; see Knowledge : 3, = accusation, 
delalio, indicium, informer, n. delator, index, 
■ids, in. and f. 

infraction, n. = non-observance, by vio- 
lotus (e.g. of a treaty, rinlatum or ruptum J'ocdus). 
infrangible, adj. qvod frangi non potest. 

infrequency, n. raritas; see Rare, Rarity. 
infrequent, adj. rants. 

infringe, v.tr. = to break (e.g. contracts), 
frangcrc, violate, infringement, n. immuni- 
tio, diminutio (= lessening, e.g. gloriae); viola tio 
alcjs rei (e.g. of the international law, juris 
gentium ; of a treaty, foederis) ; — of the law, 
jieccafvm, delictum, infringer, n. qui alqd 
non (observed, qui cdqd viohtt, alcjs rei violator. 

infuriate, I. adj. rabidus; see Furious. 
II. v.tr. exaspcrare ; see Enrage. 

infuse, v.tr. 1, = to pour in (e.g. a liquid), 
infundere ; 2, see Instil, infusion, n. 1, = 
the act of pouring in, infiisio ; 2, = the thing 
itself in which a thing is steeped, dilutum, 
decoctum (Plin.). 

ingathering, n. = collecting fruits, per- 
cept io J'rugum or J'ructuum. 

ingenerate, v.tr. gencrare, gignere, parere. 

ingenious, adj. = subtle, subtilis ; = one 
who shows taste and refinement, luculentus, sol- 
(l)rrs, callidus (— dexterous or clever), artificiosus 
(= highly finished both by nature and art); = of 
great talent, ingenio praestans, ingenio summo, 
clati ingenii ; = acute, ready, argutus (e.g. an 
idea, snttcntia). Adv. suhtilitcr, luculeutc(r), 
sol(l)erter, collide, artificial, argute ; see Clever, 
Dexterous, Acute, ingenuity, n. = quick- 
ness of invention (of persons), (ingenii) acumen 
or acies ; = clearness of mind, perspicacitas, 
prudentia; = subtlety, subtilitas ; — sagacioua- 
ness, sagacitas; — clearness in arguing, acumen 
or subtilitas disserendi; ars (= cleverness), sol- 
(lyrtia (= dexterity), »nac7«natio(=contrivance). 
ingenuous, adj. an — mind, liber (= with- 
out reserve); =open, straightforward, ingenvvs; 
an _ i candid letter, cpistula liberior ; apertus ( — 
open), Simplex (= simple). Adv. liberc, ingenue, 
aperte, simpliciter; to speak — , lilcrc dicere. 
ingenuousness, n. = openness of heart, liber- 
tas (also of speech); — hi conversation, sermo 
liberior; with — , I ibere, ingenue; ingenuUas 
(= the character of a gentleman). 

ingestion, n. t'ndere alqd alci rei or in alqd, 
ingcrere in alqd. 

ingle-nook, n. domus (intimd); in the 
— , domi. 

inglorious, adj. inglorius(c.g. life); =ugly, 
ti/rpix (morally; e.g. deed). Adv. sine gloria; 
— dishonourably, (urpittr. 



mg 



733 



mm 



Ingot, ji. — of gold, later, -eris, m., aureus; 
«— of silver, later argtnteus. 

ingraft, v.tr. = to insert a scion of one tree 
or plant into another for propagation, inserere; 
ingrafted, insilus. 

ingrained, adj. insitus ; — produced In- 
habit, Inveteratvs. 

ingrate, I. adj. = ungrateful ; ingratus {— 
both — , and what does not. pay), = unmindful of 
kindness received, beneficii, beneficiorum imme- 
mor. II. n. homo ingratus. ingratiate, v.tr. 

— to commend oneself to another's goodwill (of 
persons), alcjs favorcm or benevolentiam sibi con- 
ciliare or colligere, gratiam inire ab alqo, ad or 
apud alqm ; alcjs benevolentiam captare (•= to 
seek favour), alcjs gratiam aucupari, alcjs favo- 
rem quaerere ; to try to — oneself with the 
people, aurem popularem captare, alcjs gratiam 
sequi ; to have ingratiated himself with anybody, 
gratiosum esse alci or apnd alqm; very much, 
gratia florin or multum gratid valere apud alqm ; 
to have ingratiated oneself very much with 
everybody, apud omnes in summd gratid esse. 
ingratitude, n. animus ingratus, beneficiorum 
immemor. 

ingredient, n. pars; = member, limb, com- 
ponent part, membrum (e.g. hujus otiosae dig- 
nitatis haec fundamental sunt, haec membra); 
— s, elementa alcjs rei ; that of which anything 
is an — , res ex quibus conflatur el efjlcitur alqd ; 
or by n. pi. (e.g. the following — s, haec). 

ingress, n. ingressus, -its. 

ingulf, v.tr. 1, = to swallow up in a vast 
deep, (de)vorare, haurirc; 2, = to cast into a 
gulf, alqm in alqd detrudire, de(j)iccre, {alqd re) 
obru(re (e.g. fluctibus). 

Inhabit, v.tr. habitare alqm locum, (in) alqo 
loco; = to be resident anywhere, (in)colere alqm 
locum; = to occupy, tenere alqm locum (e.g. 
places, countries); densely inhabited, frequens 
{tectis ; opp. desertus). inhabitable, adj. habi- 
tabilis. inhabitant, n. incola, m. and f. (= 
resident in a town, country); sessor (in the 
same sense, in Xepos) ; habitalor (= one who 
has his residence in a country, etc.); = tenant, 
inquilinus (opp. landlord, dominus); = citizen, 
civis (opp. peregriniis, a foreigner) ; = colonist, 
colonus ; homo, esp. in the pi. homines (= man- 
kind); — of a town, oppidi incola, oppidanus ; 

— of a village, incola vici, vicauus, pajja- 
nus ; — of an island, insulanus (Cic.) ; — of a 
province, provincialis. 

inhale, v.tr. spiritu (spirando)ducere, spiritu 
haurire. 

inharmonious, adj. 1, dlscors, absonus, 
dissonus; 2, = on bad terms, dissentancus, dis- 
crepant. Adv. hand comonanter, haud congru- 
enter. 

inherent, adj. insitus, innat us, proprius; to 
be — , in alqd re inesse. Adv. natvrd, in or per 
se (e.g. the thing is — evil, quod in se malum 
est). 

inherit, v.tr. and intr. heredem esse (=to be 
heir), to anyone, alci (not. alcjs), hereditatem 
aecipere ab alqo, hereditatem consequi ; I have 
Inherited, hereditas venit ad me, hereditas mihiob- 
ven.it; to have inherited a thing, alqd hereditate 
possidere (= to possess a thing by virtue of a will); 
=to succeed, come to property, hereditatem adire, 
cernere (the legal declaration of acceptance, ere- 
tio); to — everything, heredem ex asse esse; to — 
one-half, heredem esse ex dimidid parte; to — one- 
sixth, heredem in sextante esse, inheritance, n. 
hereditas (= right of — , and the — itself) ; I 
come to the property by — , hereditas mihi renit, 
obtingit, obvenit, hereditas ad me renit or per- 



venit. inherited, adj. patrius, patei'nus, 
avitus. 

inhibit, v.tr. inttrdicere ; see Forbid, in- 
hibition, n. interdiction ; see Prohibition. 

inhospitable, adj. t inliospitalis, t luhos- 
pitus. inhospitality, n. inhospitalitas or by 
inhospiuilis; see Churlish. 

inhuman, adj. inhumanus (= unfeeling, e.g. 
character, ingenium ; cruelty, crudelitas ; man, 
homo); = monstrous, immanis (of tilings and 
persons) ; — unfeeling, ferus (of persons), comb. 
Jerus et immanis, crudelis, saei'us, atrox, durus, 
J'erreus. Adv. inhumane, crudeliter, saeve, utro- 
citer, dure, duriter. inhumanity, 11. inhu- 
mayiitas, immanitas, feritas, crudelitas, saevitas, 
atrocitas. 

inimical, adj. inimicus; see Hostile. 

inimitability, n. by inimitable, adj. 
non imitabilis, inimitabilis (Quint.), or by quod 
nulla ars(pv nemo)cons&pti potest imitando. Adv. 
by adj. 

iniquitous, adj. = unfair, injustus, iniquus. 
Adv. injuste, inique. iniquity, n. injustitia, 
iniquitas ; see Wicked. 

initial, I. adj. by initio -posit us, or prim- 
us. II. n. = the "llrst letter of a name, 
prima lit(t)cra. initiate, v.tr. 1, in reli- 
gious sense, initiare ; 2, = to begin, coepisse ; set: 
Begin, initiation, n. 1, by initiare; 2, in- 
itium. initiative, adj. 1, by verb Initiate ; 
2, quod initio J'actum est, primus. 

inject, v.tr. (siphonis ope) infundere. 

injudicious, adj. nullius consilii (=without 
judgment); imprudens(= without caution), stul- 
tus (= silly) ; inconsultus (— without con- 
sidering); = inconsiderate, inconsideratus (e.g. 
desires); =rash, temerarius (e.g. expression, 
fox). Adv. inconsulte, inconsiderate or parum 
considerate, temere. lnjudiciousness, II. 
imprudentia, stultitia, or by adj. 

injunction, n. interdictum. 

injure.v.tr. laedere, sauciare, ndnerare, comb. 
laedere et vulncrare, lacerare (=to tear to pieces), 
tig. alci nocere (e.g. optimum virum verborum con- 
tumeliis), violare(=to treat with violence); the 
storm — s the ship, tempestas affiictat navem. in- 
jury, n. 1, as act, vulneratio, sauciatio ; without 
— to duty, salvo officio; 2,= harm, deirimentum, 
incommodum, damnum (=loss), malum (=evil), 
vulnus, -eris (= wound), ?ioiia(= trespass) ; to do 
anyone an — , injuriam alci facere ; to forgive 
an — , injuriam condonare. injurer, n. qui in- 
juriam facit. injurious, adj. noxius, injur- 
iosus, damnosus, gravis (of air), malus, adversus, 
+ contrarius, iniquus; — words, contumeliae or 
verba contumcliosa. Adv. injuriose, damnose, 
graviter, male, contumeliose. 

injustice, n. injustitia (of unjust proceed- 
ings); an — done, injuria factum ; to commit- 
an — , injuriam facere, injuste facere. 

Ink, n. atramentum ; an — horn, — stand, 
—pot, * utramentarium. inky, adj. atramento 
foalatus. 

inkling, n. svsurrus; see Whisper, Hint. 

inland, adj. mediterraneus. 

inlay, v.tr. inserlre, carfare, distinguire; 
see Adorn. 

inlet, n. 1, aditU3, -us; 2, of the sea, aesluar- 
ium. 

inly, adv. penitus. 

inmate, n. = lodger, deversor, inquilinus ; 
of country, incola, in. and f . ; see Inhabitant. 

inmost, innermost, adj. intimus; the — 
part, inlima pars; intlma, -orum ; viscera, -urn, 



iuil 



734 



ins 



p!.(^ehtiails, bowels, fig. = the boldest parts, 
e.g. of the heart, the state, etc.); a thing 
is impressed in my — heart, alqd haeret 
inihi in viscriibus ; also by intimus or 
penitus (e.g. he proceeded to the — parts of 
Macedonia to conceal himself, se abdidit in 
intimam Macedonian, penitus se abdidit in Mace- 
donian), or, if speaking of forests, by ilea- 
sissimus (e.g. to retreat into the — parts of the 
forests, pe in densissimas silvas abdidit). 

inn, n. devcrsori(ol)um, hospitium, caupona 
( = a tavern), innkeeper, n. cau}m. 

innate, adj. innatus, ingeneratus, insitus, 
comb, insitus et innatus; proprius ; = natural, 
natvralis, nativus (opp. assumpsits, adventicius, 
i.e. artificially acquired) ; = inherited, congeneru- 
tus ; avitvs {e.g. an evil, malum); the old and — 
pride of the Claudia n family, veins atque insita 
Claudiae fomiltae superbia ; — ideas, notiones 
{in animo insitae). 

inner, adj. = interior, interior (opp. ex- 
terior); = what is going on in the interior of 
the country, etc., intestimis (opp. externus, 
foreign); = what is going on at- home, in one's 
own country, domesticus (opp. /oris, abroad), 
comb, intestinus ac domesticus; the — man, 
animus; the interior affairs, res domestical (— 
home affairs) ; = intellectual (e.g. qualities, 
bona animi, virtutes avimi; := natural feeling, 
natura. Adv. intus; within, interim (opp. ex- 
terius). 

innocence, n. innocentia; = purity, ineor- 
ruptness, integritas, comb, integritas atque inno- 
centia; = simplicity, sincerity, simplicitas; to 
prove one's — , se'purgare old; = modesty, 
pudicitia; = chastity, castitas, comb, integritas 
pmlieiliaque; — of the heart, castas animus 
purusque. innocent, I. adj. 1, = without 
crime, innocent ( = doing no harm), timmc- 
rens, timmerilus; = free from guilt, guiltless, 
insons, culpl vacuus or carens ; — pure, free from 
all sin, not to be seduced, integer, sanchis; to be 
— of a thing, insontem esse alcjs rei (e.g. of a 
public decree, consilii publici) ; 2, — chaste, 
integer ( = who leads a moral life) ; = discreet, 
pudicus; — chaste, who does nothing unchast". 
c-astvs et integer. Adv. iniegre, pud ice, cast , 
comb, pure et caste, caste integreque ; = with- 
out bad intention, imprudenter, per inscitlam. 
II. n. = idiot, (homo) stultissimus. inno- 
ouous, adj. = harmless, innocuiis { = not able 
to do harm), to anyone, alci ; = doing no harm, 
innoxius, to anyone, alci ; = innocent, innocens 
(all three of persons and tilings) ; to be — , non 
or nihil nocire. 

innovate, v.tr. navare, mulare( =to chancre) ; 
see Innovation hereafter, innovation, n. 1, 
= renewing, renovatio ; 2, = the thing itself, 
res nana ; to be fond of making — s (in the state), 
rerum novarum cupidum esse, rerum commutn n- 
darnm or evert endarum cupidum esse : fondness 
of making — s in the state of government, rerum 
iwvamm stvdium, innovator, n. = fond of 
innovations, novitatis cupidns (in gen.). 

innumerable, adj. InnumerabUis, +i«n«- 
merus ; ^endless, infinitus, comb, inflnitus 
prope et innumerabilis ; an indefinite number, 
sescenti. 

inobservance, n. neglegentia (negttg-); see 
Inadvertestv, Disobedience, inobservant, 
adj. neglegens (neglig-). 

inoculate, v.tr. 1, in gardening, inocularc 
(Col.); 2, raeu. tt. * variolas inserere lias been 
suggested. 

inodorous, adj. odore carens. 

inoffensive, adj. 71/oii n Hi ii habet offensionis ; 
= simple, simplex. Adv. simplicity, inoffen- 



sivene^S, ii. by adj. Inoffensive ; see Inno- 
cent. 

inopportune, adj. inopportunus ; see In- 
convenient. Adv. hand opportune. 
inordinate, adj. immoderatus, immodicus, 

nimius, incredibilis, singularis, mirifiens, mints. 
Adv. praeter modum, immoderate immodice, 
minis, nimium, incredibiliter, singidariter, miri- 
fiee, mire. 

inorganic, adj. e.g. — bodies, corpora 
nulld cohacrendi naturd (Cic). 

inquest, n. quaestio; to hold an — , de 
alqd re (e.g. de morte) quaercre, 

inquietude, n. sol(l)kitudo ; see Disquiet. 

inquire, v.intr. =to ask a question, alqcl or 
de alqd re quaercre { = to ask in general) ; to — 
strictly nfter,alqdrequircre, exquirere, perquirere; 
de alqd re sciscitare; percuntari (percunct-) alqd 
or with ittrum or ne ; = to make oneself ac- 
quainted with a thing, cognoscere de alqd re ; to 
— of persons after a thing, alqd ah or ex o.h/o 
quaercre, requirere, exquirere, alqm de alqd re in- 
terrogare; — about anything in writing, scisci- 
tari per Ut{t)eras de alqd re ; — into, <lr alqd, re 
cognoscere or quaercre, de alqd, re. or in alqd in- 
quirh-e, alqd invesligare, indagare. inquiry, 
n. 1, = act of inquiring, indagatio ; investigatio 
(= tracing) ; = examination, cognitio ; percontatio 
(percunct-) (— questioning) ; — of the truth, in- 
vestigalio veri, reri inquisitio atque investigatio ; 
= the critical examination of the truth, cognitio ; 
to be entirely bent upon the — of a thing, totum 
se in alqd re exquirendd collocarc ; = a diligent 
research, diligentia ; to find by — , inquirendo 
reperlre ; 2, legal t.t., = examination, cog- 
nitio ( = inspection with the view of becoming 
acquainted with a thing, e.g. of the town, nrbis ; 
then = — by a magistrate or jury) ; quaestio (in 
gen., and in a court) ; inqvisitio {lit. — examina- 
tion of anything, e.g. of the truth, reri ; in the 
law = — about a person's life and any crime 
committed by him) ; — for a capital offence, 
cognitio rei cajritalis ; to demand a judicial 
— , innuisitioncm in alqm jostnlare (= to inquire 
into the conduct of, in order to accuse) ; to 
institute an — , quaestionem habHrc or instituire, 
cognitionem constitucre, about, into anything, 
alqd or de. alqd re quaerire, quaestionem de alqd 
re habere ; to come to an — (e.g. it will come 
to a trial), venire in quaestionem or in cogni- 
tionem, cognosci. inquisition, n. 1, see In- 
quiry; 2, in some Catholic countries = a I II u- 
nal for trying heretics, quaesitores; a tri&l of 
this kind, inquisitio de fide habila. inquisi- 
tive, adj. audiendi cupidus or avidus, or studio- 
sus, curiosus. Adv. curiose. inquisitlveness, 
n. cupiditas, studium, or aviditas audiendi or co<7- 
noscendi. Inquisitor, n. = one who inquires 
by virtue of his ollice, quacsitor ; to be the — , to 
be the person charged with an inquiry, an ex- 
amination, trial, cognoscere, into, of a thing, alqd. 

inroad, n. irrupUo, incursio, incursus, -us 
(the latter also of rivers) ; to make an — , irrup- 
tionem or incursionem Jacire in alqd ; = a sally, 
attack, excursion, exeursio, excursus, -Us; =i a. 
single expedition, movement in a campaign, ex- 
peditio; — into the enemy's land, ivcvrsio in 
fines hostium facta. 

insalubrious, a«lj. Insaluber; = oppressive, 
hence unfavourable to health, .gravis (e.g. tem- 
perature, caelum), comb, gravis et pestileiis; — 
airorclimate, pestilentia or gravitascaeli ; inti in- 
peries caeli. insalubrity, n. — of a place, 
pestilens loci lattura ; — of the air, pestilentia <r 
r/rnvitas or intemperies caeli ; see Unhealthy. 

insane, adj. insanus (lit. and fig.), mente 
vaptun, (of .me who is out of his mind, silly, 



lilS 



JSO 



ins 



foolish, and of anything that is so) omens, 
xlemens (lit. and fig., e.g. a scheme, consilium, 
ratio); = mad, raving, furiosus, extort, veeors 
(also = foolish), sccors (rare), (of persons and 
things, e.g. a desire, cupiditas) ; = absurd, 
Childish, stultus, ineptus (of persons and things). 
Adv. dementer, insane, furiose, stulte, incptc. 
insanity, It. itisauia (of lunatics, or in gen. of 
extreme passion), furor ( = fury, of anyone that 
flies into a passion), amentia, dementia, vecordia 
{— madness or silliness), secordia (rare), stultitia 
I— silliness). 

insatiable, adj. insatiabilis, incxplcbilis (lit. 
and tig.), insaturabilis (lit, e.g. belly, abdomen); 
an — desire for reading, legendi aviditas. Adv. 
by adj. 

inscribe, v.tr. =to mark with letters, inscri- 
blre, culscribi-re, consignors, inscription, n. on 
monuments, coins, statues, inscriptio, index, 
■icis, m. and f. (both in gen., e.g. of a book, 
picture, statue) ; titulus (= inscriptio and index; 
then = epitaph, titulus (sepule(h)ri) ; also = a 
note, card, as a sign that a certain thing is to be 
sold or let.); epiyramma, -litis, n., an — at the 
foot of a statue, a gift, a tombstone, etc. ; car- 
men (in verses, e.g., over the entrance of a 
temple) ; to place an — upon anything, titulum 
inscribere alci rei, alqd inscribere. 

inscrutability, n. dbscuritas, or by in- 
scrutable, adj. inexplicabilis, obscurns. 

insect, n. inscctv.m (PI in.) ; bestiola (= a 
small animal, e.g. the wire-worm). 

insecure, adj. noa V/ith tutus, muni/us or fir- 
mus, infestus (of roads, etc., = beset by robbers), 
instabllis, incertus, lubricus (of footing). Adv. 
non with tuto, firms, firmiter. insecurity, n. 
by adj. (e.g. the — of the roads, itinera injesta). 

insensate, adj., see Insane, Insensible. 

insensible, adj. 1, sensRs expert; to be — , 

sen.su carere; 2, fig., durits, lentus. Adv. 
setisim, pedete.mptim (pedetent-) ; Bee Feeling. 
insensibility, n. 1, torpor; 2, animus durus, 
lentitudo; see also Cruelty. 

inseparability, n. by inseparable, adj. 
= indissoluble, indissolubUit ; = indivisible, in- 
dividuus ; an — friend, amicus fid isshnus. Adv. 
use -adj. Inseparable. 

insert, v.tr. inset-ire alci rei, or in alqd, in- 
eludere alci ret, or in alqd, i)der(j)icerc, inter- 
ponere (*= to put in between, e.g. intercalary 
mouths, interccdatos menses ; then in general as 
a parenthesis, either in speaking or in writing) ; 
suppUre ( — to supply, add, what, was still want- 
ing); adders alenl alci rei, or in with accus. (in 
general, r= to add anything, e.g. I have inserted 
something in my speech, in orationem uddidiquac- 
ilam) ; adseribere alqd in alqd, or in alqd re (e.g. 
diem in lit(t)cris, the date in a letter) ; = to 
fasten in, infighe alci rei or in alqd ; = to fix in 
the ground, plant, defigere in alqd or in alqd re. 
insertion, n. 1, by verb Insert; 2, in rhct., 
the — of a clause = parenthesis, interpositin. 

inside, I. n. pars interior. II. adv. intus. 
III. prep, in with abl., intra with accus. ; see 
Within. 

insidious, adj. iiisidiosus, fallax, dolosus, 
fnntilitkntus. Adv. insidiose, fallaciter, dolose, 
frandidenter. insidiousness, n. fallucia, 
dolus, f mus; see Deceitful. 

insight, n. = discernment, intellegentia (in- 
teltig-); = perfect knowledge, understanding, 
seeing through, perspieientia ; of the truth, 
vert; a deeper — into, knowledge of things (in 
the highest sense), sapientia; = judgment, the 
opinion based upon judgment, judicium, con- 
silium; = a clear knowledge and — , eognitio, 



of and into, alejt rei ; no — , want, of judgment, 
iuiprudentia ; a man of dcop — , vir prudentissi- 
mus, vir multi or magni consilii plenus ; men of 
— and talent, viri docli et eruditi;aee Know- 
ledge. 

insignia, n.' faeces, -ium, m., insignia, -ium. 

insignificant, adj. 1, = small, partus, ex- 
iguus, minutus ; 2, =z unimportant, levis, nullius 
moment i. insignificance, n. 1, exiguitas; 
2, mediocritas (rare), nullius or parvi momenti. 

insincere, adj. falsus, simidatus, fucosus, 
fucatus, fallax, fraudidentus, dolosus, infidus or 
infidclis (rare). Adv. fidso, fallaciter, simulate, 
fraudidente, dolose. insincerity, n. fucus, 
fallacia (e.g. sine fuco et fallacils), Jraus, -dis, f., 
dolus, simulatio, infidelitas. 

insinuate, v.tr. and intr. 1,= to push, work 
oneself into favour, se insinuare, arreph-e, irre- 
perc, obrepere, t surrepere in alqd (e.g. amicitiam); 
gratiam sibi parere apud alqm (— to ingratiate 
oneself); 2, = to suggest by remote allusion, 
alci alqd significare (= to give to understand) ; 
see Hint, insinuation, n. 1, blanditiae ; 2, 
significatio. insinuating, adj. blandus (_— 
bland). Adv. blande. 

insipid, adj. 1, nihil sapiens, insulsus, 
t elutus ; 2, fig., insulsus, absurdus, ineptus, 
frigidus, jejunus, inauis, exiiis; (= tasteless, lit. 
insipidus is quite late); = not seasoned, non. 
conditus; see Absurd. Adv. insulse, absurdr, 
incjitr, frigide, jejune, inaniter, cxiliter. in- 
sipidity, n. by Insipid, e.g. the — of the food, 
cibi uoluptate carentet; if tig. see Absurdity. 

insist, v. intr. alqd tuadere, hortari ; = to ask 
for, alqd exigere, postulare, (ex)poscere, (efyiagi- 
tare; = to state strongly, declarare, asseverare, 
dicere, ab alqo contendere ut or de alqd re fa- 

CiClldii. 

insnavo, v.tr. irrctire (lit. and fig.); see 
Ensnare. 

insobriety, u.-intempcrantia ; see Drunken- 
ness. 

insolence, n. insolenUa; = pride, superbla, 
contumacia, audacia, impudentia, arrogantia. 
insolent, adj. insolent, contumax, audax, im- 
pudent, arrogans. Adv. insolenter, contumtt- 
citcr, audacitcr, impudentcr, arroganter, superbe. 

insoluble, adj. 1, quod liquefieri non potest ; 
2, llg. incxplicabiiis, dijficilis et inexplicabilis. 

insolvent, adj. qui non est solvendo or ad 
solvendum. insolvency, n. non solvendo esse, 
or foro ce.dere; see Bankrupt. 

insomuch, adv. sic, ita, hoc or eo modo, 
adeo ; under this condition, hdc or ed condicionr, 
hdc lege ; so far, eo usque ; see So. 

inspect, v.tr. visere, invisere (= to view, lit.) ; 
a{d)s]dc<~.re (=tO look on) ; inspiclre, introspicire, 
perspicere (= to look through, examine) ; = to ex 
amine, intueri, contemplari oculis, (col)htstrare ; 
to — , superintend anything, alqd curare, regfre, 
moderari ; see Examine, inspection, n. 1, — a 
looking on, by verbs ; 2, = watch, guardianship, 
superintendence, cum (=care over anything, e.g. 
the treasury, aerarii); custodia, comb, cura cut- 
todiaque ; == protection, protecting care, tutcla ; 
— .superintendence, — of a chairman, an officer, 
praesidium ; = watch over tho public morals, 
praefectura morum ; to have the — , superin- 
tendence over anything, alci rei praeesse, prae- 
fectum esse, idei rei pruesidcre (as chairman, e.g. 
over public games, the affairs of the town) ; 
to have anyone under one's — , alqm custodire. 
inspector, n. custos, -adit (in. and f.), cundor 
(= keeper, librarian); = one who is set over 
a thing, praeses, -hits, in. and f., praefectus, 
one who superintends the public morals, 



ins 



736 



Ins 



praqfectus mbribus, censor ; — of the public high- 
ways, curator riarum ; = superintendent of a 
certain district of a town (as regards its clean- 
liness, etc.), magister vici, vicomagister (Suet.); 

— of the public buildings and chief constable, | 
aedills (in Koine), inspectorship, n. cus- 
iodis munus, -iris, cura, prac/ectura. 

inspiration, n. 1, = the inhaling of air, 
apiritus, -us; 2, — — by the Holy Spirit, 
instiiictus (-lis) divinvs, instiiictus divinus af- 
fiatusque, inspiratio (Eccl.) ; by divine — , 
through God's command, divinitus ; 3, = 
counsel, monitus, -iis, consilium (= advice, 
what has been suggested) ; at anyone's — , 
see Suggestion, inspire, v.tr. = to infuse 
ideas, suggerire, sub(J)icere alci alqd (= to sug- 
gest) ; as theol. t.t., to — by the Holy Spirit, 
inspirare ; = to warn, advise, monere alqm alqd 
or mon&re alqm ut, etc. ; to — with, instil, alci 
in(J)icire ; to excite, — with, instil into anyone 
courage, vigour, excitare, incitare, incendere, in- 
flammare ; = to delight, laetitid or gaudio per- 
fundeve. inspired, adj. diviiio spiritu inflatus 
or tortus, mente incitatus (in gen.); = fanatic, of 
enthusiasm approaching to madness, fanaticus, 
furens, furibundus. inspirer, n. see Inst-ire. 
inspirit, v.tr. animum alci addci-e ; see En- 
courage. 

instability, n. ivconstantia ; see Incon- 
stancv. instable, adj. inronstans; see In- 
constant. 

install, v.tr. inaugurare (under the cele- 
bration of auguries), installation, n. by 
inaugurare. instalment, n. prima (secuiida, 
etc.) pensio, pars, portio ; to pay by — , in ante- 
cessum dare; to receive, to be paid by — , in 
antece8sum accipire (Sen.). 

instance, I. n. 1, = request, preees, -urn, 
more usually by abl. abs. (e.g. at the — of 
these men, his petentibus, or his auctoiibus); 
2, = example, exemplum, specimen ; for — , 
rerlii or erempli caus(tyi or groti6. II. v.tr. 
Tfferre, dicfre; see Mention. instant, I. 
adj. 1, = urgent, vehemens, intentus, acer, mag- 
ni momenti, gravis (= serious) ; 2, = imme- 
diate, praesens. II. n. punetum temporis (= 
the smallest point in duration); = a moment, 
as part of an hour, momentum or vestigium 
temporis, momentum horae ; in an — , momento 
temporis; to the — , ad tempus; not an — , ne 
minimam partem temporis; in every — , omni 
puncto temporis, nullo temporis puncto inter- 
missn ; the, this very — , by ipse (e.g. the very 

— of his departure, sua ipsa profectione. ; at 
the very — , ipso tempore) ; to an — , ad tempus ; 
for the — , ad tempus, temporis caus(s)d ; for the 
present — , in praesens, in praesentia (opp. In 
postcrum) ; = a favourable opportunity, tenu i 
opportunum, temporis opjiortunitas or occasio ; 
not to allow the — to pass, Unnpori or tem- 
poris ocMsioni non deesse; during the last — , 
in i;>*i morte. Adv. = immediately, stutim, 
confestim, prutinus, evestigio, extemplo, continuo ; 
= urgently, intente, acriter, vehementer, im- 
vense, etinm atque etiam, magnopere. instan- 
taneous, adj. brevUsimus (= of very short 
duration); = transient, fugax{= 3wift) ; sudden, 
subitus (e.g. consilia) ; = present, momentary, 
praesens (e.g. possibility, facultas). Adv. puncto 
or momento temporis, e vestigio ; — by-and-by, 
immediately, extemplo. 

instate, v.tr. = to establish in a rank or 
condition, by constituere; to — in an office (in 
^ r.eial), munus alci mandare or assignor?, or 
deferre, muneri alqm praeficere or praeponeve : to 

— in any particular office, apjionere (e.g. in the 
office of guardian, alqm cvstodem alrjs) ; see 
Install. 



instead, prep, loco or En locum atcjs or aleji 
rei ; = in the place of, i ice (Plin.), in vicem or vicem 
alcjs or ttlcjs rei (meant, tuam, nostram, restrain 
vicem, in my, etc., stead ; — of you all, restrain 
omnium vicem); pro with the abl., (= for, as 
good as, in comparison with, ill proportion to) ; 
1 was invited — of him, in locum ejus invitatus 
sum; he had called them Quiritcs — of soldiers, 
Quirites eos pro militibus appellaventt; — of, = 
rather than, with the pies, part., tantum abest 
ut... ut, etc. (= so far from ... he rather, sooner, 
etc.) ; = not only did not . . . but, non modo non 
. . . sed etiam; instead of ... he rather, udeo non, 
adeo nihil . . . ut ; instead of ... he only, magls 
quam (in Lat. the second clause conies first; 
e.g. — of frightening him, it only brought 
him into greater rage, accendevat eum vuigis 
quam contcrruerat) ; — of taking to flight, omissa 
j'ugd ; sometimes also by cum (e.g. — of praising 
him, he reproved him, cum lav.dare deberet, eum 
vitvperavit). 

instep, u. pes superior. 

instigate, v.tr. instigare (e.g. canes in alqm, 
■= to set on, and fig.), concitave, incitare. insti- 
gation, n. impulsus, -us, stimulus, instiiictus, 
■lis; at your — , te auctore. instigator, n. 
awcror, to?icifafo>-, impulsor, suasor, muchinator, 
princeps, -ipis. 

instil, v.tr. 1, = to infuse by drops, in 
general, in os alcjs in(j)icere or indere or ingerere ; 
instillare (by drops, e.g. milk); 2, =to till with, 
alqm alqd re implcre; to — admiration, alqm ad- 
miraiione imbuere, admirationem alci iu<J)icere 

instinct, I. n. animal — , natura ; from 
one's own — , natura duce; = natural desire, 
appetitio (= the act of striving, e.g. after know- 
ledge, cognition is) ; apjvtitns, -iis (= natural 
feeling, especially animal); (both apjietitio and 
appctitus are used by C'ic. for the Greek opn>j = 
desire in general) ; a sudden impulse, impetus, 
■us; = inward desire, inclination, taste, stu- 
divan; sensual — , studia prava or turpia or 
hum-ilia. II. adj. — with anything, alqd re im- 
butus. instinctive, adj. naturalis, duce natura 
sua (e.g. to do anything, J'accre alqd). Adv. 
natura (duce), naturoliter. 

institute, I. v.tr. = to found (e.g. a court), 
condcre (lit. to put together, hence to accom- 
plish the building or the establishing ol any- 
thing, e.g. an empire, imperium); to — a thing", 
institutive ; to — a monarchy, regnum slatuere, 
regem creare (=to create a king); = to erect, 
place, constituere (e.g. a monument, moKtiinro- 
tum); to — friendship, concilinre amicitiam ; a 
union, wedding, nuptias ; peace, )iaccm; to - — 
again, re-establish, reconciliare (e.g. peace, 
)>acem); to effect, facere (e.g. a treaty, alliance, 
focdus, -eris, n. ; peace, pacem). II. n. sec In- 
stitution, institution, n. 1, = foundation, 
initium (— beginning), or veijb (e.g. after the 
— of the state, post quam civitas instituta est, 
or post civitatem institutam, or by abl. abs., 
civitate instituta); 2, = custom, institutum, lex, 
mos, maris, m. ; 3, = society, sodetas, collegium, 
sodalitas; 4, = school, ludus (Ht(t)eraniin), 
schola ; see School. 

instruct, v.tr. 1, ervdire (= to draw out of a 
state of comparative rudeness and ignorance), in 
anything, in alqd re; = to teach, alqm alqd 
docere; comb, erudire atque docere, doixre atque 
erudire; =to prepare anyone for a certain avo- 
cation, instituere ad alq'l : or by instruere (lit. to 
provide anyone with what is necessary, doetri- 
nis, artitms, — to instruct in) ; to lecture, prae- 
cipe™ or tradere alqd or de alqd re, tractive prae- 
cepta alrjs rei ; to — anyone in elocution, alqm ad 
dicendum instituere; see Okuer ; to be instructed 
by anyone, diseere ab alqo;to be instructed in 



iHS 



m 



int 



anything by anyone, discere alqd (or with b> 
tin.); 2, = order, alqd alci praescribere (e.g. quae 
silit agenda), alci lommittere or mandare ut ; see 
Order, Charge, instructed, adj. eruditus(= 
brought, out of a state of ignorance, educated); 
one who has received a learned, a literary educa- 
tion, doctus, doctrind instructus. instruction, 
n. 1, = the act of teaching, institution— — in gen., 
information), in anything, alcjs rei ; = the bring- 
ing up of anyone from a state of ignorance, 
eruditlo ; = education in a school, or from a 
master, discipline*; — given by a teacher, 
doctrina ; praeccptum ( = lesson) ; 2, = direc- 
tion, praeceptio (= the act of prescribing), prae- 
ceptum (= precept), praescriptum, mandatum (= 
charge given to anyone, e.g. an ambassador); 
his — s, alci mandare ut ; see Instruct, 2. in- 
structive, adj. utilis. Adv. utiliter. in- 
structor, n. magister, doctor, praeceptor, dux 
(= leader). 

instrument, n. 1, = tool, utensilia, -ium, 
n. ( = utensils in a household, and in general) ; 
;= furniture, supellex ; = vessels, culinary, — s, a 
soldier's cooking apparatus, vasa, -ovum; — tools 
for carrying on trade, instrumentum (collec- 
tively or iu pi., e.g. agricultural, rusticum); 
= some large, artificial — , machine, machina; an 
iron — , fa-amentum; musical — with' strings, 
fides, -ium; — hovn, comu ; = trumpet, tuba; 
= pipe, tibia ; to sing to an — , ad chordarum 
sonum caniare; 2, = means, minister (fig.); 
to use anyone as an — for anything, alcja 
operd alqd ejjicere ; 3, in law and in gen. ( = a 
deed), lit(t)crae, tabulae ( = anything in writ- 
ing) ; to draw up an — iu writing, lil(t)cris alqd 
consiijnare. instrumental, adj. 1, = con- 
tributing aid, utilis( ~ useful); convenient, com- 
modus, ucvommodatus, aptus ; you were — in 
hindering, per te stetit quominus, etc., or te 
auctore ; to be — , ad alqd valere, alcjs operd 
ejjici, alci prodesse ; 2, - pertaining to music, 
— music, cantus tibiarum nervorumque or ner- 
vorum et tibiarum ; — and vocal music, chonki- 
rum sonitus et i-ocis cantus, vocum nervorumque 
cantus, -iis. instrumentality, n. opera, minis- 
terium, or by per or alcjs operd or abl. abs. (e.g. 
per te or tud operd or te auctore). 

insubordination, n. disciplina nulla( = no 
order, discipline); = licentiousness, liccntia, 
nimia liccntia, comb, intemperanlia et nimia 
licentia. insubordinate, adj. nulla discip- 
Undcoercitus, intempera ns, seditiosus, turbulent us, 
male or parum, oboediens (obed-) or obtemperans. 
Adv. seditiose, turbulente(r). 

insufferable, adj. intolerabUis ; see In- 
tolerable. 

insufficient, adj. hand suffieiens, hand 
satis (magnns, etc.), impair ( = unequal) ; see 
Inadequate. Adv. liaud satis, parum. in- 
sufficiency, n. inopia, imbeciilitas (= weak- 
ness), angustiae, egestas, paupertas (= poverty). 

insular, adj. by insula (e.g. through our — 
position, eo ipso quod insulam incolimus). 

insult, ~. n. injuria, injuria alci illata, 
ab alqo illata, conttimelia, probrum, maledic- 
tum; = disgrace, dedecus, -oris, n., ignominia, 
imlignitas. II. v.tr. alci malediccre (— abuse), 
contumclium alci imponere ; 'without any — , sine 
ulld contwiuiid ; to be insulted, injuriam accipere 
or patl; easily insulted, animus mollis ad acci- 
piendam offensionem ; to feel yourself insulted, 
injuriam sibi fac.Uim putare ; insulted by some- 
thing, alqd in or ad conlumeliam accipere (*= to 
take as an — ). insulting, adj. contumeliosus, 
probrosus, maledicus, malcdicens ; — words, voces 
coutumeliosae, verborum contumeliae. Adv. con- 
tumcliose, maledice, per ludibrium. 

2i 



insuperable, adj. in(ex)stiperdbilis(\it., =i 
what cannot be surmounted, of mountains), quod 
superari non potest (lit. and tig.) ; invincible, in- 
r ictus (of persons). 

insupportable, adj. see Intolerable. 

insurance, n. fides de damno resarciendo 
liUerposita. insure, v.tr. and intr. damnum, 
praestare, de alcfl, re cavire. , 

insurgent, adj. and n. seilitiosus, turbulen- 
tus. lnsurreotion, n. rebellio, seditio, motus, 
•iis, tumultus, -us. insurrectionary, adj. 
seditiosus ; see Insurgent. 

insusceptibility, n. by insusceptible, 

adj. see Insensible. 

intaet, adj. intactus; integer (= untouched), 
salvus, incolumis (= unharmed). 

intangible, n. quod sentire or sensibus per- 
clpire noil possumus. . . 

integral, adj. jxirs ad totum necessaria. in- 
tegrity, n. 1, = entireness (e.g. — of the 
empire), adj. regnum integrum ; 2, = ineorrupf- 
ness, integritas, probitas, abstinentia , innocenlia, 
sanctitas, castitas (= purity). 

integument, n. (= that which naturally 
covers a thing, but chiefly a term in anatomy), 
cutis ( = skin or — ), teg(u)men, (in)teg(u)men- 
tum, operimentum, ( = a covering, protection), 
velamentum, velum ( — a covering, cloak), in- 
volucrum ( = a wrapper). 

intellect, n. mens, -ntis, f., ingenium, 
ingenii vis, animus, cogitatio, intellcgentia, quae 
pars animi rationis atque intellegentiae particeps 
est; acuteness of — , ingenii' acumen or acies, 
subtilitas, sagacitas. intellectual, adj. by 
genit. of mens, etc. intelligence, n. 1, per- 
spicacitas, sol(l)ertia ; see Intellect; 2, =news, 
nuntius ; see News, intelligencer, n. == one 
who sends or conveys intelligence, nuntius, 
legatus ( = an ambassador); = one who giveh 
notice of transactions in writing, a newspaper- 
writer, journalist, diumorum scriptor. intelli- 
gent, adj. mente ■praeditus ( = gifted with under- 
standing) ; one who lias understanding, and 
uses it, mentis compos, sanus; = wise, intellegens, 
sapiens, prudens, sciens, comb, prudens et sciens, 
(per)acutus, astutus, sol(l)ers ; a very — man, 
7io»io ingenio prudentidque acutissimits ; to be — . 
sapire. Adv. intelleg enter, sapienter, prudenter, 
scienter, acute, astute, sol(l)erter. intelligible, 
adj. quod facile intellegi potest ; — well explained, 
explicatus ; = clear, perspicuus ; =■ plain, not 
confused, planus ; — manifest, aper(iis(lit., open 
to everybody, also of the speaker); = distinct, 
distinctus( — well arranged, e.g. of the language, 
also of the person who speaks it, e.g. utroque dis- 
tinctior Cicero, Tac). Adv. perspicue, plane, 
aperte, distincte, explicate. 

intemperance, n. intemperanlia, immo- 
deratio, impotent ia ; in drink, ebrietas. intem- 
perate, adj. inlemperans, impotens, immodicus, 
immoderatus ; — in drink, ebriosus, temulen- 
tus ; s= angry, iracundus. Adv. intemperanter, 
immodice, immoderate, iracunde. 

intend, v.tr. and iutr. = to purpose, proposi- 
turn habere or by proposilum est tnihi alqd (or 
with inrin.); =to think of, cogiture alqd (or 
with inlin.); =to look forward to a tiling, to 
direct one's attention to, («>iinto) i)ifou/tTe(with 
the accus. of a pron., or with ut or with intln.), 
animum intenderead or in alqd; = to design, to 
be trying to, id agereut, etc., alqd agitare ; he 
could not do what lie intended, quod intenderut, 
non efficere poterat ; = to prepare anything, para- 
re; — to attempt something difficult, alorf moliri; 
= to devise, alqdcomm in isci (something bad, e.g. 
a fraud,./Taucte;)i); =to be about to, velle, cogiture, 



int 



?88 



int 



{it animo habere, destinare (ail with iutin. J also 
-very often by using the fut., e.g. nitnaseripiurus 
tuni, = I am just about to write), intense, adj. 
mugnus, accr, aniens, summits, intenius; to take 
— pains with, incumbcre ad or in alqd or alci rei, 
or by anAmum intcndire ad alqd. Adv. valde, 
magnopire, acriter, summe. intensify, v.tr. 
inajorem, etc., reddere, umplijicarc, exaggeraro, 
avgere ; see Increase, intensity, n. via, vis, 
{., gravitas ; — of cold, rigor, intensive, 
adj. = serving to give emphasis (e.g. au — par- 
ticle), intentivus (e.g. intentiva adverbia, gram.). 
intent, I. adj. (lit., = having the mind strained, 
beut on a subject, eager, e.g. on business), studio- 
sus alcjs ref, intentiis, attcntvs ad alqd or {in) alqd 
re; erectus ; to be — upon, animum adulcjd, in 
Mlqd or alci rei intendere, inenmbcre in or ad alqd 
tT aid rei, studere aid ret. Adv. by adj. II. 
11. see Intention; to all — s and purposes, om- 
nino. intention, n. — . design, consilium, pro- 
position, mens, animus (e.g. in animo habere, esse 
■in, animo alci), institutum, sentcntia, studium, 
voluntas, intentional, adj. by adv. quod 
consulto or de industrid, or deditd opera fit. 

inter, v.tr. sepelire ( = to bury in general ; 
ulso sepelire dolorem), hwnare ( = to cover with 
earth), interment, n. aeputiura, humatio; 
place of — , sepulcQi)rwm ; see Bury. 

interact, n. = interlude in a play, cmbolinm 
(e/ifioMoi', fig., embolia amoris, Cic). 

intercalary, adj. intercularis or intercal- 
arius. intercalate, v.tr. intercalare. 

intercede, v.intr. := to plead, {de)y,recari 
pro alqo (= to — for anyone); seo Entreat, 
Beq. intercession, n. deprccalio ( = pray- 
ing earnestly to turn oil' some evil); at any- 
one's request, alqo deprccatore (e.g. to obtain 
pardon, veniam impetrare); to make — for 
anyone, rogare pro alqo (so ns to obtain 
something); on account of anything, alci adesse 
ad alqd deprecandum ; with anyone, deprecari 
alqm pro alqo, deprecatorem alci adesse aptia alqm; 
alci supplicare pro alqo. intercessor,]), one 
who entreats, deprccator. intercessory, adj. 
by verbs ; see Intercede. . 

intercept, v.tr. 1, = to seize on by the 
way (e.g. a letter, a prinee), intercipirc, exci- 
pire: 2, = to cut. off, interclvdlre, clrcumvenire, 
qfficcrc (e.g. — the light, litminibus qfflclre); seo 
interrupt, Hinder. 

interchange, I. v.tr. 1, = to reciprocate 
(e.g. places), by (com)mutare, (per)piutare inter 
se; eeo Alternate, Exchanue. II. n. (com)- 
mutatio,permutatio. viciasitndo. interchange- 

able, adj. quae inter se (com)mutart possunt. 
Adv. inviccm. 

intercolumniatlon, n. intercolumnium. 

intercommunicate, v.intr. 1, alqd com- 
mv.nicare inter se or conferre inter se; see 
Communicate ; 2, Of rooms; etc., commeaius, -Tis, 
amtinlre. 

intercourse, n. conversatio (social), nsus, 
•Us (frequent) ; commerclum (commercial and in 
gen.); habitual—, consuetude; ^-, Inasmuch as 
parties live, reside together, convictua, -us; 
family — , usus domesticus el consuetude; fami- 
liar —,;««/« famUiaris, familiaritai ; I have — 
with anyone, est mihi eonsuetudo cum dh/o ; to 
have familiar— with anyone, ahjo familiariter 
or intime uti, conjUnclissime vivere. cum ohp, usu 

cum alqo conjundissimum esse ; to avoid all 

with men, eongressus hominum fttgire, fugere 
colloquia et coetus hominum. 

interdict I. v.tr. 1, = to forbid, inlerdicere 
alci alqd re, or with ne ; see Forbid ; 2, see 
Excommunicate. II. n. interdictum. 



interest, I. v.tr. 1, = to excite an interest, 
(e.g. a book), jucundum esse (lit- = to be 
pleasing); = to delight, delcctare; = to fasci- 
nate, capere ( = to prepossess) ; to — anyone, 
alci placcre ; = to attract delight, alqm delcc- 
tare or delectatione alliccre ; s= to enlist 
anyone's attention, tenere (e.g. audientium 
nniinos); if it — s you to know this likewise, 
si etiam hoc quacris ; 2, = to have a share* 
to be concemod in ; anything — s me, alqd med 
interest, alqd ad me pcrtinet ; 3, = to give a 
share in ; I — anyone in anything, alci alqd 
commendo (e.g. alci gloriam alcjs); I feel an — 
in anything', alqd mihi curat, or cordi (but curae 
cordique) est; I — myself for anyone, alci 
studco, consuloj alcjs sum studiosus; to take — in, 
participcm esse alcjs rei ; = to be an accom- 
plice in a bad action, aff.nem esse rei (lit. = to be 
related to anyone). II. n. 1, = causing in- 
terest, in gen. studium; the divided — of the 
hearers, deduction ill partes audientium studium : 
= attraction, voluptas; = pleasantness, jitcundi- 
tas ; = delight, delectatio, oblectatio ; to give an — 
to a matter, volvptatem dare alci rei; 2,= 
advantage ; to have an — in, by interest or 
refert; the — anyone has in a thing, res or rati- 
ones or cavs(s)a alcjs ; = advantage, commodum ; 
boniim, usus, -us, utilitas ; = emolument, emolu- 
mentirm ; the common — , res or caus(s)a com- 
munis, communis omnium utilitas; in anyone's 
— , ex usu alcjs; anything is in my — , alqd est 
e re med; my — requires it, rationes mcac Ha 
fcrunt ; it is conducive to my — , expedit mihi, 
tncis- rationibus conducit ; not all have, feel the. 
same — , aliis aliud capedit ; to defend any- 
one's — , alcjs cau$(s)am defend^re ; to con- 
sider, study anyone's — , alcjs rationibus 
consulcre ; 3, usura or usurae, faenus (/''-); 
— added to the capital, anatocismus; — of — , 
usurae usurarum; to lend out money on — , 
pccuiiiamf<iencrari,peciiniam dare faenore or far.- 
nori , poncre in facnorc nummos ; to invest capital 
at — , peenniam amid alqm occupare ; to lend 
out money at high, — , peenniam grandi faenore 
occupare; money lent without — , peennia 
gratuita; the act of lending money on — ,'fuc- 
neivtio ; the — mounts up, usurae 'multipUcan- 
tur ; to return, repay an act of kindness with 
— , beneficium cum iisuris reddire ; to return 
kindness with — , debitum aid cumulate reddire. 
interested, adj. attcntus, credits; — in, alcjs 
rei studiosus {— loud of); I am — in anything, 
alqd e re meCi est, mihi expedit, med, interest or 
refert. interesting, adj. by auod ad se at- 
trahit or illicit (of a peiBon), or by alqm tenure 
(of a writer), or ny multum habHre or plenum esse 
dclectationis (of a book), jucundus; see Agree- 
able. 

interfere, v.intr. alci rei or in alqd inter- 
ced&re, admiscire, intervenire, se interponcre, or se. 
immisccre; I shall not — with it, per me licet; 
to — on anyone's behalf (i.o. to guarantee for 
anyone), intcrcedcre pro alqo; to hinder, alqmin- 
terpe.llare or prohibere or impedlre (with quominus 
or quin or ne), alci ofTiccre, obesse, aid obstare 
quominus or quin ; see Hlndeji. interfer- 
ence, n. by verb, or by intercrssio (of the tri- 
bunes). 

Interim, n. tempus interjection, spaiium, 
temporis intervallum, tempus quod intcrea est ; 
ad — , interim ; ad tempus (— for a time); tem- 
poris gratia (— for the present time) ; a decree 
ad — , edictum ad tempus proposition. 

interior, I. adj. interior, interims. II. n. 
pars interior ; see Inner, Internal. 

interjacent, adj. 1, by intcrjacere, interce- 
de re ; 2, intcrjacens, interjectus. 



int 



m 



int 



interject, v.tr. interponere, inlerjieire. 
Interjection, h. (in grammar) interjeetia. 

interlace, v.tr. implicare ~ to intermix 
(e.g. remarks), intcxfrc alqd alci rei (lig., e.g. 
poetry in a discourse, versus orationi) ; see EN- 
TWINE. 

interlapse, I. v.intr. interjiet, inter poni. 
II. n. by verb ; in the — of a year, anno circum- 
acCo or praeterito, anno interjcelo, also anno post, 
or post annum. 

interlard, v.tr. see Mix. 

interleave, v.tr. librl singulis paginis in- 
ter(j)icere singidas chartas put-as. 

interline, v.tr. inlerscribere^PUa. Mid.). 

interlocution, n. see Conversation, in- 
terlocutory, adj. ( = consisting of dialogue, 
e.g. discourses), in sermone ; to mention to any- 
one by way of. conversation, aid in scrmone in- 
(j)Kxre (with ace. and infln'., C'ic); a thing. is 
mentioned as an — remark, incidit- mentio de 
alqd re. 

interlude, n. see Interact. . ' 

intermarriage, n. connubinm. inter- 
marry, v.intr. inter se matrimonio conjiuUji. 

intermeddle, v.intr. se interponere alci 
rei or in alqd, se admiscere or immiscere ; not 
to — , abesse or se abstinere ab id^d re; you 
may do as you like, I shall not—, quod voles 
fades, ine nihil interpono. intermediate, 
adj. medius (intermedins, ante class.). 

interment, n. see Inter. 

interminable, adj. infinities. Adv. in- 
finite. 

intermingle, v.tr. aid alqd (inter)misccrc ; 
see Minole, Mix. 

intermission, n. in^rmissia (e.g. of duty 
officii); see Interruption, Pause, intermit' 
v.tr. alqd intermitterc ; see Omit, Cease, Inter- 
rupt, intermittent, adj., med. t.t. febris 
■intermittens (Cels.). Adv. tempore or inter- 
vallo interposito, or certis temporibus ( = at fixe/1 
times, or tncertis temp. = at irregular intervals), 
ahquando, nonnumquam (nonnunn-, = some- 
times). 

intermix, I. v.tr. see Intermingle. II. 
v.intr. (com)misoeri, permiscSri, intermisceri. 
intermixture, n. mislio, permistio (the act): 
see Compound, Mixture. 

internal, see Inner. Adv. intus, penitv.s. 

international, adj. — law, jus (juris, n.) 
gentium. ' 

internecine, adj. internecivus ; see Fatal. 
internuncio, n. = messenger between two 
parties, internuntius. 

interpellation, n. interpellatio (Cic). 

Interpolate, v.tr. = to insert, alqd aid rei 
addire, inserere ; — to falsify, corrumpire. in- 
terpolation, n. use verb. 

interpose, I. v.tr. = to place between 
(e.g. to — a body between the earth and the 
sun), interponere, interjicere. II. v.intr. = to 
mediate, se interponere in rem ; see Interfere 
interposition, n. 1, = a placing between 
(e.g. the — of the Baltic sea between, etc.), in- 
terjectus, vnterpositus (both -us, only common in 
abl. however), intervening, -us; better use abl. 
abs. (e.g. mad ivterjecto = by the — of the sea ; 
2, (m general = mediation, anything interposed) 
vis, impulsus, -as {— instigation), or by auctor 
(e.g by my _ me auctore) ; see Interserence ; 
by divine — , influence, didnitus. 
■ interpret, v.tr. 1, = to - for anyone, 
interpretari; see Translate; 2, = to unfold 



the meaning of anything (e.g. a dreain), ulqd 
interpretari, esse intcrpretcm. alcjs rei (e.g. the 
law, a dreain); con(j)iccre, alqd conjedurd expl*- 
nare, conjeduram alcjs rei /acere, alqd enarrah 
(= to conjecture, explain by conjecture, e.g. a 
dream, a wonder, etc.) ; = to take anything that 
is said, accipere (either in a good or bad sense); 
= to explain, explandre ; to — in a wrong sense, 
misinterpret, detonpiire in (with accus.), trahire 
ad or iu (with accus., = — on purposo); to — any- 
thing that is not clear, rem obscuram interpre- 
tando explanarc; to get anyone (o —anything 
for, de alqd re iiti inlerprete; to — anything iu 
good part, alqd in bonam jxirtevi accipere or bene 
interpretari; to— anything as an offence, alqd 
in malam partem accipere or male interpretari ; to 
— anything from anyone as haughtiness, alqd alci 
tribuire. superblae, trahere alqd in superbienn ; as 
an insult, as disgracing anyone, in eontumeliam 
convertere; to — a thing ditTerently from what 
anyone said, aliler alqdac dictum Brat accipere. 
interpretation, n. interpretation expl«natio 
(= explanation) ; an — by-.cpnjecture, ^conjec- 
ture, hypothesis, conjeclio, conjeclura ; = critical 
explanations of an author, enarratia (Quint.); 
to be liable to have a bad — put upon, in malum 
partem accipi. . interpretative, adj. quod 
explanat. interpreter,, n.. an — of a foreign 
tongue, interpret, -etis, m. and f. ; to converse 
through the medium of an — , per iuterpretcm 
colloqui, with anyone, cum aiqb. 

interregnum, n. interregnum, interrex, 
n. interrex. ,'. , 

interrogate, v.tr. and iutr. quaerere,-.ex- 
quirere, requirere ex or ab alqo ; see Ask, In- 
quire; = to — again and again, rogitare; 
see Ask. interrogation, n. interrogatio 
(= the act of interrogating, hence anything 
in the form of a question), percontatio(.pcrcund-); 
= the question asked, (inter)rogatum: ;' = 
investigation, quaestio. interrogative, I. 
adj. use verb (e.g. in an — manner, ]>crconta>uk> 
(percuncl-) et intcrrogando). II. n. particulu. 
interrogatiua (gram.), interrogator, n. .qui 
interrogat. interrogatory, I. adj. by In- 
terrooate. II. li. interrogatio. 

interrupt, v.tr. inlerrumpc're(e.g. a speech, 
orationem; sleep, somnum ; order, succession, 
ordinem); intcrmllare (lit., to — a speaker by 
speaking, by addressing the meeting; then in 
general, to disturb); = to rest, cease for a 
while from anything, intermittire (e.g. the 
march, journey, iter; the battle, praelium) ; to 
intercept, arrest suddenly, interctplrc (e.g. the 
inarch, iter; a conversation, sermonemmediuni); 
to — by interfering, intervenire alci rei (e.g. 
a deliberation, deliberation!); = to cut short, 
incidlre (lit. = to cut into, to cut away "a 
piece as it were, e.g. a discourse, the conver- 
sation, speech, sermoncm) ; = to speak whilst 
others are speaking, alqm intcrfari ; = to cause 
to cease, separate, put off, dirimerc (e.g. sermo- 
ncm, praelium; both of persons and circum- 
stances) ; to — by speaking against, alci obloqui ; 

— noisily, alci obstrejiere. interrupted, adj. 
interruptiis, interceptus, intermissun. Adv. in- 
terrupte. interruption, n. interpellatio (= 
ol one who speaks by others; then in gene- 
ral = disturbance) ; = the act of speaking 
whilst someono else speaks, interfutio; = the 
act of ceasing for a while, intermissio (e.g. of 
the correspondence, I it(t)eru rum or epistolarum) ; 

— the interval whilst an — takes place, inter- 
ccipedo (e.g. scribendi) ; without — , uno tenore, 
sine ulld intermissioiie; to carry on the war with 
— , per dilatioues helium gcrere. ' , 

intersect, v.tr. sccare (lit. and fig.); = to 
cleave, divide, scir^lire (lit. and fig.); to' cut 



int 



no 



int 



across, thus, X, decussare (e.g. a line) ; to cut 
light in the middle, medium secare ; by ditches, 
fossis concidere (e.g. a Held, a piece of land). 
intersection, n. sectio (the act) j the — (X) 
of two lrues ttiat cross each other, decussatio, 
decussis, -is, in.; = diameter, diamctro3 ; see 
Diameter. 

intersperse, v.tr. immisce're; in anything, 
aid rei; to — poetry in a discourse, speech, 
sermon, versus admiscere orationi ; see Mix. 

interstice, n. rima, foramen. 

intertwine, v.tr. see Entwine. 

interval, n. intervallum, spatium integer- 
turn (in general ; distantia, for — between two 
places, distance, seldom used, as in Yitruv.) ; 

— of time, tempus interjectvm ; to leave an — , a 
space between, spatium relinquire or intermlttere ; 
after a brief — , interjecto hand magno spatio ; in 
the — , interim ; at — s, aliquando, nonnumquam 
(nonnunq-). 

intervene, v. intr. = to be between, interja- 
cere ; =to come between, intercedere, interftuere, 
interponi, \ntei~venire ; supervenire alci rei (of 
persons and things, e.g. of the night, ni nox 
praelio intervenisset, Liv. ; to — (of obstacles), 
ob(j)ici. intervention, n. Iwterventus, -iis 
(of persons and things) ; see Interference. 

interview, n. congressio (= the act), con- 
gressus, -iis (= the — itself, friendly" meeting) ; 
an — for a stated purpose, conventus, -its ; = 
conversation, collcxpiium, sermo. 

interweave, v.tr. inteiere, aid rei or in 
alqd re (lit. and tig.) ; see Entwine. 

Intestate, n. of a person who dies without 
making a will, intestatum(Cie.) or intcstato (Cic.) 
decedere. 

Intestine, I. adj. intestinus ; see Internal. 
II. n. intestinum, usu. pi. ilia, viscera, exta (all 
pi.). 

intimacy, n. familiaritas. uxus(-us), famili- 
oris, coiuuctudo, necessitudo. intimate, I. adj. 
fiuniliaris(e.g. conversation, sermo), intimus (in- 
ter), conjunctvs ; to have an — knowledge of any- 
thing, alqd pen itus perspect umcoijnltumquc habere. 
Adv. familiariter, intime, rnnjuncte, penitus, pror- 
sus ; see Wholly. II. v.tr. signiflcare (in gen.) ; 
= to Indicate, indicare (both alci alqd) ; = to in- 
form anyone about a matter, docere alqm alqd, alqm 
de. alqii re certiorem faccre, alqd alci nuntiare, 
derlarare ; to — by words, voce significare; to 

— in a roundabout way, alqd circuitu plurium 
rerhorum oste-ndere ; ns a prediction, a wonder, 
alqd portendtre ; to — (in a threatening manner), 
denuntiare. intimation, n. significatio, nun- 
tins, denuntiatio. 

intimidate, v.tr. metum (limorem, terrorem, 
pavorem, foiinidinem) aid in(j)icere, inenttere ; 
metum (timorem, terrorem) alci afferre, inferre, 
offerre ; alqm in metum compellere, con(j)icere ; 
see Frighten, Terrify, intimidated, adj. 
timefactus (e.g. liberty), intimidation, n. 
minae = threats ; by pavorem or metum alci 
incutere. 

into, prep, as denoting motion towards or en- 
trance, in with nceus. ; in meridiem, = south- 
wards ; in Galliam, = towards Gaul ; so of time, 
to, or up to, dormitt in lucrm, = he will sleep till 
daybreak; in multam noctem, = deep into the 
night. An adverb may be ridded, usque in senee- 
tutem,= down to old age; mihi inmentemrenit,= 
it occurs to mc. hi, as equivalent to into, may 
signify change or conversion, as in lapidem 
vtrti, = to be changed — ■ stone ; in aquum sohi, = 
to lie melted — water. With verbs compounded 
with preps., into is often not expressed, to go 

— the city, vrbem ingrtdi. 



intolerable, adj. intolerahitis, mloleraniluf, 
vix tolerabilis, non ferendus (of persons ami 
things, e.g. woman, cold, pain); = odious, dis- 
agreeable, troublesome, odiosus (of persons and 
things, e.g. you are — to me, ndiosus mihi es) ; 
— disobliging, disagreeable, importunus (of per- 
sons ami tilings, e.g. avarice, araritia.) Adv. in- 
tolerantcr ; to ooast — , intolerantissime gloriari ; 
it is — cold, intolerabile est frigus. intoler- 
ance, n. animus aliorum d<; relus divinis opin- 
iones hand ferens, or by some word = pride, 
intolerant ia, superbia, arrcgantia. intolerant, 
adj. moribus immitis (= of a harsh disposition); 
= intractable, difficult to deal with, obstinate, 
difficilis; = proud, superbus, alcjs rei intolerans; 
in religion, erga alqos parvm indulgens. 

intone, v.tr. = to sound the notes of a 
musical scale, incipere.(=: to begin to sing, Virg.); 
roce praeire (=to lead, of a precentor, to sound 
the first note) ; to — prayers, preces canere. 

intoxicate, v.tr. inebriare (lit.), ehrium 
reddere. intoxicated, adj. ebrivs, temulentus. 
intoxicating, adj. (potus) qui aUpn ebrium 
reddit. intoxication, n. ebrietas, teviulentia ; 
see Drunk. 

intractable, adj. indocilis, difReilis. in- 
tractability, n. by adj. 

intransitive, adj. intransitivus (gram.). 

intrench, v.tr. = to cut a trench, (com)- 
munire (— to fortify, in gen.); = to surround 
with fortifications, operibus et munitionibus sae- 
pire, opiribvs munire ; =to surround with pali- 
sades, vallare, obvallare, rallo or fossa saepire 
(scp), or cingere, or circumdare, or munire ; alqm 
locum munitionibus saerdre, enstra in alqo loco 
communire. intrenchment, n. valhtm, mv- 
nitio, munimentum, opera, -urn. 

intrepid, adj. intrepidus; see Fearless. 
Intrepidity, n. animus intrepidus or impavi- 
dus OTjortis ; fortitudo; see Courage. 

intricacy, n. implicatio, contortio (e.g. 
orationi*); the — of the road, iter imjeditum. 
intricate, adj. contortus, implicatus, inexpli- 
cabilis, perplexus, tortuosus, impedilus. 

intrigue, I. n. =a plot of a complicated 
nature, dolus (= a trick played to do harm); a 
secret — , clonilestinum consilium, art 
■iorum ; =a snare, fallaria ; — a deception. 
fraus, -din; ambush, insidiae. II. v.tr. /alia- 
dasfabricari,(con)coquere (e.g.consilia); see Plot, 
Conspire, intriguer, n. doli or fattadarum 
machinator. intriguing, adj. callidus et oil 
fraudem aeutus, fraudulently (= deceitful) ; = 
cunning, crafty, astutus, vafer; = malicious, 
knavish, malitiosus ; a crafty fellow, veterator. 

intrinsic(al), adj. = real, verus, or per se, 

or ipse. Adv. re vera, per se, vere ; see Real. 

introduce, v.tr. lit. invehere, importare. (by 
carriers, by ship, goods, etc.); to— anyone to 
one, alqm introducere ad ohpn (usu. to the great, 
to an audience, Curt., or to a house); to — 
anyone to a person (tor making his acquaint- 
ance) by letter, ahpn alci rommendare ; = to 
make acquainted with someone, praesentem pnte- 
senti alci commendare ; = to induct anyone to an 
office, alqm inavgurare : in a tig. sense, e.g. to — 
anyone as speaking, alqm loqyentem or disjni- 
tantem inducer e; = to bring up (e.g. customs, 
etc.), inducrre, introducere; to have been intro- 
duced, v.iv- receptum esse; to — many changes, 
multa mutare or nomre. introduction, n. 
invectio (= importation of goods, etc.), ivdvetio 
(= the act of letting go in, e.g. of nrmed soldiers, 
inductio armtitorum) ; — of persons, Introdltctio 
(e.g. adolescentulorum nobilinm); to give au- 
to, alqm alci commendare ; an — to a book, etc., 



int 



741 



inv 



prwmiuin, principium, exordium, praefatio 
(Piiu., Quint.); say something in — to, dioere 
aJqd ante rem; after n short — respecting old 
aire, pauca praefttfus de senectide. introduc- 
tory, adj. by v., e.g. to make — remarks, prae- 
favi. 

intromission, n. aditus, -us, or by verb, 
intromittere. 

introspect, v.tr., introspection, n. ip- 

sum se inspicere; for gen. sense, see Inspect. 

: trude, v.lntr. = to — on a person or 

family, sc intruderc, se inferre et intrudere, se 
inculcare alcjs auribus (in order that one may be 
heard), intruder, n. by importunus, molestus. 
intrusion, n. importunitas ; = troublesome- 
ness, <r by verb, se inferre et intrudere. in- 
trusive, adj. qui se infert et intrudit. Adv. 
moleste, importune. 

intrust, v.tr. fidei alcjs alqd committere or 
pcrmittere, tradere alqd in alcjs fidem; see En- 
trust. 

intuition, n. poetical, philosophical — , 
anticipatio, cognitio, perceptio, comprehensio, an- 
ticipate ((caT<iA7)^is). intuitive, adj. = clear, 
perspicuus, dilucidus; = clearly expressed, ex- 
pressus (of images) ; in philosophy use n. (e.g. 
— knowledge, alqd per quandam aniini percep- 
tionem cognitum). Adv. perspicue, dilucide, 
{celeri) quddain animi perceptione. 

intumescence, inturgescence, n. by 

verbs, (UCjtumescere, extumescere (in gen.) ; tur- 
gescere ; see Swell, Swelling. 

inundation, n. better expressed by verb, 
inundare, or by magnae aquae. 

inurbanity, n. inurbanitas, rusticitas. 

inure, v.tr. assuefaccre ; see Accustom. 

inurn, v.tr. in urnam condere ; see Inter. 

inutility, n. inutilitas. 

invade, v.tr. irruptionem. or incursioncm 
facere in, etc., invadere (the enemy, a town, a 
harbour, etc., in alqm, in alqd; also of an evil); 
alci or in alqm incurrere, bellum alci inferre; of 
a large body of troops, in terram infundi or in- 
fluere ; to — a country with an army, terrain, 
invadere cum copiis ; the enemy's land, capiat in 
fines hostium introducere, or inducere, impres- 
sionem facere in fines hostium; see Attack, As- 
sail, invader, n. hostis. invasion, n. 
irruptio, incursio. 

invalid, I. adj. in law, = having no effect, 
irritus( = without legal force, opp. ratus, e.g. a 
will) ; = fruitless, vanus (= vain, without effect, 
of things), comb, irritus et vanus (e.g. a will); = 
unfit, parum idoneus(= not suited to the purpose, 
e.g. authority, witness, excuse) ; of arguments, 
injirmus, nugatorius, vitiosus ; to make any- 
thing — , alqd irritum facere (e.g. a will), = to 
rescind, to annul, alqd rescindere (e.g. a will, a 
compact, a sentence), comb, rescindere et irritum 
facere or ut irritum et vanum rescindere (of a 
will). II. 11. aegcr = ill ; to be a confirmed 
— , tenui aut potivs nulla valetudine esse; an — 
soldier, causarius. invalidate, v.tr. alqd irri- 
tum facere, tollere (= to destroy), infirmare (= 
to weaken), labefaetare (e.g. opinionem), rescin- 
dere, refigere (of laws) ; see Abrogate, Abolish. 
invalidish, adj. ad alqm morbum procli- 
vior. invalidity, n. use adj. Invalid or v. 
Invalidate. 

invective, n. convicium, contumelia, male- 
dictum, probrum, invectio (rare), verba with adj., 
e.g. acerba (•= bitter) ; maligna( = sharp), aculeata 
(= stinging), mordacia ( = reproachful), criminosa 
(of a speech), inveigh, v.intr. in alqm invehi, 
[jicttrrcre, incessere, alqm jurgio adoriri. con- 



tumeliosis verbis or verbis vihemenlioribics pro- 
sequi, alqm or alqd objurgare; = to scold, alqm 
i ncrepure, cast iga re. 

inveigle, v.tr. sec Mislead, Seduce. 

invent, v.tr. invenirc, rejwire; to —(in 
the mind), excogitare ; = to contrive, hatch, com- 
minlsoi (gen. something bad), invention, n. 1, 

= act of — , invenlio, excogitalio, or by verb (e.g. 
hamis repcrtU, = by the — of hooks) ; 2, = thing 
invented, alqd iuvcnlum or repertwn; 3,= fic- 
tion, commentum, fabula, mendacium (= lie). 
inventive, adj. ingeniosus (= who has always 
new ideas); sol(l)ers(= clover, who knows how to 
make use of, how to apply new ideas to some 
purpose); sharp, dezr>,acutus(= who can conceive 
a thing in its depth) ; an r— person, ingenium ad 
excogikmdum acutum ; the — faculty, inventio, 
excogitatio. inventor, n. iuue;i/or(chiefly poet., 
or late repertor), feni. inventrix; = author, auctor, 
architectus (lit. architect), comb, architeclus et 
princeps ; the — s of the art of sculpture, fin- 
gendi conditores. inventory, n. repertorium, 
■iuventarium (Jet.). 

inverse, adj. inversus, conversus. Adv. 
retro, permutato ordinc. inversion, 11. con- 
versio (lit., e.g. of the bladder, vesicae ; tig. = de- 
struction, cversio); — of words, inversio verboruv . 
invert, v.tr. = to turn into a contrary direc- 
tion, (con)vertere ; = to turn round, iiuwt2rc(e.g. 
the ring, anulum ; hence fig., to change entirely, 
e.g. the order of the words, ordinem verborum); 
to — the order of words, t ultima primis prae- 
ponere ; =to alter, commutare (fig., e.g. the con- 
stitution of the state, rempublicam) ; = to change 
entirely, permutare (e.g. omnem reipublicae stat- 
um ; — to upset completely, evert&re (fig., e.g. the 
state, rempublicam); = to turn everything topsy- 
turvy, omnia miscere, summa imis miscere, 
omnia sursum. dcorsum vcrsare. 

invest, v.tr. 1, see Clothe ; 2, = to — 

with an office, magistratum alci dare, mandare, 
deferre, muneri alqm praefic&re ; to — anyone 
with the highest power, deferre alci sum- 
mam imperii; 3, = to lend (e.g. — with a 
charm), alqd alci addere, impertire, alqm alqd re 
(ex)omare; see Adorn, Give; 4, of money, 
peeuniam collocare, occupare, ponere, with in alqd 
re or apud alqm ; 5, = to besiege, circumsederr, 
obsidere, vallo or fossa cingere or circumdare ; see 
Besiege, investiture, n. = the right of 
giving possession of any manor, office, or bene- 
fice, * ritus inaugurationU feudalis. invest- 
ment, n. 1, with an office, inauguratio, or by 
verb ; see Install ; 2, of money, by verb Invest ; 
3, = siege, obsessio. 

investigate, v.tr. exquirere, indagare, (per)- 
scrutari, investigare, quaere're, cognoscere (the 
last two also of judicial investigation), per- 
contari (percunct-), sciscitari ; to — the true 
reason of anything, veram rationem alcjs rci ex- 
sequi; to — the truth, quid verum sit exquirere. 
investigation, n. investigatio, indagatio, per- 
contatio (percunct-) (= questioning!, inquUitio, 
quaestio, cognitio; see Inquirv. investigator, 
n. investigator, indagator, quaesitor (only injudi- 
cial matters), inquisitor. 

inveteracy, n. inveteratio. inveterate, 

adj. inveteratus, confirmatus (fig., = deeply 
rooted), penitus defixm (of bad habits), penituf 
insilus (of opinions) ; to become — , inveterascire. 
Adv. penitus. 

invidious, adj. 1, = envious, invldus, in* 
vidiosus, lividus, malignus, malevolus ; 2,= 
exposed to envy, invidiosus, odiosus. Adv. 
malignc, invidiose. invidiousness, n. 1, 
invidia, malevolentia, malignitas; 2, invidiam 
odium, 



lnv 



742 



irr 



.Invigorate, v.tr. corroborare (e.g. anyone 
through constant work, employment, alqm as- 
siduo opere) ; = to revive anyone, (con)firniare 
(e.g. the body through food, corpus cibo firmare) ; 
to become invigorated, se corroborare, seconjirm- 
are,se recrcare, or vires reficcre(=to recruit one's 
strength), invigorating, adj. apt us ad corpus 
(etc.) reficiendum. invigoration, n. confir- 
matio animi ; for — of the body, use verb. 

invincible, adj. invictus, in(ex)superabilis, 
inexpugnabilis (= impregnable, of places); quod 
superari non potest (bg., e.g. obstacles, impedi- 
menta). Adv. quod superari non potest. 

inviolability, n. sanctitas(o( God and men, 
= sanctity), caerimonw, religio(= sacredness, of 
the gods and of everything consecrated to them, 
e.g. tombs), inviolable, adj. inviolabilis, in- 
violatus; = sacred/ holy, consecrated, sanclns, 
sacrosanctvs. Adv. inviolate, inviolate, adj. 
integer (of a thing remaining in its former state) ; 
s? without having received any injury, unhurt, 
illaesus, inviolatus, comb, integer atque inviolatus, 
inteictus inviolatusque ; = entire, undamaged, 
incorruptus ; s= without any accident, safe, in- 
columis (opp. ." ajjlictus, vitiosns), comb, integer 
incolumisque ; = safe, in safety, salvus, comb. 
salvus atque incolumis. 

invisibility, n. by invisible, adj. caecus 
or nihil cernendus, or quern (quum, quod) cernire 
et vidcre non possumu-s, quern (quam, quod) non 
possumus octdis consequi ; to be — , sub oculos 
non cadere ; non comparerc (= not to appear, of 
persons and things); the — world, caelum, 
superi; see Heaven. Adv. quod cerni own 
potest. ■ 

invitation, n. invitatio; at your — , invi- 
tutus or rocntus a te, inritatu. or vocalu tuo. 
invite, v.tr. 1, (in the usual sense) invitare 
ulqm ad -alqd (any invitation, of persons and 
tilings) ; rocare alqm ad. alqd (the usual phrase 
in inviting anyone to dinner through a slave; 
then in geu. of an invitation to take part in any- 
thing, e.g. ad helium, ad quietem, etc.); to — 
oneself to dinner,- condicere ad ccnam, condicere 
alci (the latter in gen. in the sense, I'll be 
your guest) ; 2, = to allure ; to — to the plea- 
sures of rural life, ad fruevdum iigrum in- 
vitare; see Allure, inviting, adj. bland- 
us, grotus, amnenvs, dulcis. Adv. blande, grate, 
amoene, duleiter. 

invocation, n. imploratio (— imploring), 
tenUUio (= calling as a witness). 

invoice, n. (mercium) lilxllus or index, -icis, 
m. and f. ; see Account. 

invoke, v.tr. invocare, implorare; to — the 
Muses, invocare Musas ; to — the gods, implor- 
are or invocare Deos, invocare atque obtcstari 
Dens, comprecari Deos (the latter esp. = to pray 
for help) ; to — anyone's assistance, implorare 
fidem alcjs, invocare. subsidium alcjs, auxilium 
alcjs implorare et fiagitarc; to — God as a wit- 
ness,. Deum, testur.i, Dcuvi invocare testcm. 

involuntary.-adj. iwAtustt coaetus (■= un- 
willing and forced), non voluntarius ( = not made 
to please us, e.g. death). Adv. invite, or by adj. 
or haud spnnte sud. involuntariness, n. 

nccessitas, or by adj. (e.g. the — of my action, 
quod coo.ctus feci). 

involution, n. implicatio, invohttio(yitruv.), 
better by Involve, which see. Involve, v.tr. 
1, = to envelop (e.g. to — one in smoke), in- 
volvere; sec Envelop; 2,= to implicate, alqm alqd 
re implicate, illaqneare, illigare ; to be involved 
in debt, acre alieno obrutum. oppre.ssum, or de- 
mersum esse ; see Implicate ; 3, — to imply, con- 
tiv.-re, habere ; it is involved in the nature of the 



case, rei inest alqd, ex- alqd re scquitur ; see-" 
Imply, Follow. 

invulnerable, adj. inmdnerdbUU (Sen.); 

to be — , vulnerari non posse. 

inwall, v.tr. saxo consaepire (consep-). 

inward, adj. = internal, interior, interior; 
see Inner. AAv. introrsvs or introrsum, intus, 
intrinsccus ; bent — , incurvus. 

inweave, v.tr. intexere alci rci or in alqd r* 
(lit. and tig.). 

inwrought, adj. by intextus; sec Weave, 
Engrave. 

irascible, adj. iracundus, in tram praeceps, 
slomachosus, irritabilis. Adv. iracunde, irate, 
stomachose. irascibility, n. iracundiu, sto- 
machvs; see Irritation, ire, n. see Anoer, 
Wrath, ireful, adj. see Angry. 

iris. n. 1, see Rainbow ; 2, = the flag-flower, 
iris (Piin.). 

irks, v.tr. impers.; it — , alqm alcjs rei piget, 
taedet, or with infin. ; alci molestum est, with infin. 
irksome, adj. = annoying, gravis, molestus ; 
= full of labour, tiring, ojxrosxis ; = hatefid, 
odiosus. Adv. gravitcr.molestc, aegre. irksome- 
ncss, n. taedium, molest ia; see Disagreeable. 

iron, I. n. ferrum ; of — , made of — , fer- 
reus ; ironed, fermtvs ; to put anyone in — -s, 
alqm in vincitla. con(j)icere or mitten : we 
must strike the — whilst it is hot, utendum 
est animie dum S]>e calcnt, Curt. ; matura dum 
libido manet (Ter.). II. adj. ferreus (both lit. 
and fig.) ; an — instrument, — ware, fcrra- 
mentum ; I must have a heart of — , ferreus 
esscm ; oh you with your heart of — ! o tc 
ferreum! III. v.tr. 1, = to smooth with an 
instrument of — , ferro ad(e)facto vestes pre- 
merc; 2,= chain; see Iron, n. above, iron- 
master, ironmonger, n. negotiator fer- 
ravins, ironmongery, n. ferramenta, -orum. 

ironical, adj. alqd per ironiam sen dissimu- 
lationem dictum; an — man, simulator (e.g. in* 
om7ii oratione simulatorem, quern eipioya. Graeci 
nominarunt, Socratem accepinvus (Cic.). Adv. 
per ironiam. irony, n. iroiiia(elpu>vela, a word 
which Cic. borrowed from the Greek), dissimu- 
lotto (= dissimulation). 

irradiate, v.tr. = to illuminate, lit. irradi- 
urc (post- Aug. poets), luce sud collustrare (of the 
sun, etc.), illustrare ; see Illuminate. 

irrational, adj. == without reason, rationis 
rxpers, brutus (esp, of animals); aniens, demens, 
insatius.(-= mad), stolidus, stupidtts, stultus,fatuus 
(= stupid), caccus(= mentally blind). Adv. in- 
sane, stoihk, stulie. irrationality, n. by 
adj. or some word = stupidity or madness (e.g. 
stUltUia, stupor, slupiditas, socordia, amentia, 
dementia). 

irreclaimable, adj. quod cmendari non 
potest. , . 

irreconcilable, adj. 1, = notto he appeased, 
implacabilis, inexorabilis ; 2, of propositions, (res) 
inter. .se rcpugnanUs, fiofilrariaej sec Inconsis- 
tent. Adv. by adj. ■■ 

irrecoverable, adj. irrcparabilis ; an — 
loss, damnum quod nunquam resardri potest ; ir- 
revocttbilis. Adv. by adj. 

irrefragable, adj. certus, firmus, gravis, 
ratus, confirniatus, or (argv men turn) quod refill 
non potest, or quod vim affert in docendo. Adv. 
by adj. or necessario, ncccssarie (rare, but found 
in Cic), necessarie demonstrari. 

irrefutable, adj. see Irrefragasle. 

irregular, adj. enormis (Tac, of streets, 
etc.), incompositns(= not well put together), irvu- 
sitatus (= unusual), ifiaeipialis, innenvalrilis ( — 



irr 



743 



ito 



unequal); as gram, fet.j dnfinurtw ; of an election, 

vitiosus ; — conduct, licentia, mores dissoluti or 
prciri. Adv. enormiter, incomjiosite, inusitate, 
inaequalitcr, inaequabiliter ; of conduct, dissolute, 
prave; of an election, vitio (e.g. consules vitio 
<:reati). irregularity, n.- enormUtu (Quint.), 
i-iiaequalitas ; gram, t.t., anomalia ; — of con- 
duct, licentia, mores dissoluti or pravi,praHtas; 
in an election, vitium. 

irrelevant, adj. aid rei, (ah) alqd re alienus; 
it is — , nihil ad rem or ad haec. 

irreligion, n. impietas erga Deum or Deos ; 
= want of devotion, Dei or Deorum neglegentia 
(neglig-). irreligious, adj. impitts erga Deum 
or Deos, contemptor religionis. Adv. impie. 

irremediable, adj. see Incurable. 

irremovable, adj. immobilis ; see Immov- 
able ; = that cannot be changed, immutabilis 
(e.g. the tracks of the stars, sputia) ; certus, 
rat us. 

irreparable, adj. see Irrevocable. 

irreprehensible, adj. turn, reprehendendus, 
non viluperandus(= blameless) ; — as it ought to 
be, probus (e.g. goods, an article ; hence also of 
persons); = virtuous, good, integer, sanctus. 
Adv. sanctc, probe, integre. 

irreproachable, adj. see Irreprehen- 

SIDLE. 

irresistible, adj. cui nvlld vi resisti potest, 
invictus, in(ex)superabilis. Adv. necessario or 
necessarie (rare), or ita ut nullo modo resisti possit. 

irresolute, adj. dubius (= doubtful) ; = un- 
certain, incertus ; = changeable, mutabilis, mo- 
bilis, varius, paruat stabilis, Jirmus or constans, 
inconstans, haesitans, cunctans ; to be — , magna 
consilii inopid affectum esse. Adv. dubitanter, 
inconstanter. irresolution, n. dubitatio, haesi- 
tantia, cunctatio (rout-). 

irrespective, adj. by Adv. mild ratiqne 
(tdcja rei) hubitd. 

irresponsible, adj. mi nulla ratio reddendo. 
est. irresponsibility, n. use adj. 
irretrievable, adj. see Irrecoverable. 

irreverence, n. impietas erga Deum or Deos, 
nulla rerum divinarum reverentia. irreverent, 
adj. inverecundus, parum vereciindus (— im- 
modest), impius erga Deum or Deos. Adv. im- 
pie ; to behave — towards anyone, reverentiam 
alci non praestare.- 

irrevocable, adj. irrevocabihs, irreparabilis, 
immutabilis; an — loss, damnum quod nullo 
modo rcsarciri potest. Adv. in perpetuum. 

irrigate, v.tr. irrigare. irrigation, n. 

irri'jatio, inductio aquarum. irriguous, udj. 
■i irriguus, or by rigare, irrigare. 

irritable, adj. irritabilis, stomachosus. ira- 
cundus. Adv. stomachose, iracundc. irritate, 
v.tr. 1, e.g. to — a wound, inflammare (Plin.); 
2, in a fig. sense, alqm irritare, alcjs iram concl- 
tare or irritare. irritation, n. ira, stomachus; 
see Anger. 

irruption, n. 1, e.g. of the sea, by irrum- 
pire ; e.g. of the enemy, irruptio, incursio. ir- 
ruptive, adj. by irrumplre. 

isinglass, n. ichthyocolla (Plin.). 

island, n. insula (also = the inhabitants of 
the — , e.g. insulas bcllo pcrscqui, Nop.), islan- 
der, n. insulanus (Cic), insulae incola; the— s, 
ii qui insulam, or insulas, iucolunt. isle, n. 
see Island, islet, n. parva insula. 

isolate, v.tr. seccrnere, sejungcre,' separare 
{— separate), isolated, adj. remotus (= dis- 
tant), solus (= alone), isolation, n. solitudo. 



isosceles, n. Heoscdes. 

issue, I. n. 1, = the act of flowing (e.g. — 
of blood), by verb; 2, = a sending out (e.g. 
the — of an order, money), by verb ; 3, = the 
result of a thing, exitus, -us, eventus, -«s; a good 
— , successus, -its ; to know the — , scire 7110s even- 
tus res sit habit ura ; thopointat. — , res dequdagi- 
tur; see End, Conclusion, Decision ; 4, ^off- 
spring, Jilius,fdia (= son, daughter); progenies, 
stirps(t\ie latter lit. stem, in the sing. = children, 

— in gen.) ; one of the later — , units e posterls 
(= one of those who were later born, down from 
the great-grandson, opp. units e majoribus) ; — 
the descendants, progenies or progenies liberorum, 
stiips or stiips liberorum (as regards the coming 
generation) ; = the whole posterity, in a wide 
sense, posteritas; + suboles ; male — , stlrps 
viriiis,'virilis sexus slirps; to leave — ', stirpeni 
relinquerc. II. v.intr. 1, = to flow out, effiitere, 
emanate ; 2, = to go out, egredi, evadere ; = 
to rush out (e.g. troops), erumpere (expressing 
wherefrom, of buds, leaves, etc., also of soldiers 
that make a sally, e.g. from the camp, ex castris); 
prorumpere, prorumpi(= to rush, expressing the 
direction whereto, e.g. a fountain, tire, also of 
soldiers) ; = to make a sally, eruptionem farihre; 
= to rush forth, procurrere (of troops rushing 
forth from their position to attack the enemy) ; 
= to march out hastily, prbvolare, evolare (from, 
cr, etc. ; with all troops, with the whole force, 
omnibus ropiis) ; = to emerge, emergeri (from, 
ex, etc. ; lit. to dive forth, from under); to — 
suddenly from the ambush, ex insidiis subita 
eonsurgere; 3, = to proceed (as income), by 
fructvxn reddcre ; 4, = to end, Jinire, terminari 
(=to come to an end^ ; = to cease, desinere. 
III. v.tr. 1, = to send out (e.g. money), pro- 
mere (e.g. money from the treasury); to — anew 
coinage, dUtribuere ; 2, — to send out, deliver 
From authority (e.g. to — an order, a book), 
ed&rc, priiponcrc (by placards), prtinuntiare 
(by heralds, public, criers) ; to be issued, 
exire, emanare; to — an order, cdkere, edictum 
proponcre ; to — too severe orders, nimis severe 
statucre; to — a decree, rcscribcre (of the 
sovereign) ; to — a written order to anybody, 
lit(t)eras dare or mittere ad alqm; 3, = to deliver 
for use, to — voting papers, voting tablets, 
diribcre tabellas ; one who does this, diribitor; 
to — provisions, dispensare (of the dispensator, 

— the manager of the house). 

isthmus, n. isthmus (isthmos). ... 

it, pers. pron. 1, as a demons, prou. by hie, 
haec, hoc, or is, ea, id; 2, before a verb, not 
rendered at all; if used emphatically, by ille, 
ilia, illud, or, pointing to a third party, iste.ista, 
istud, or if = self, itself, by tj>se, ipsa, ipsum, 01' 
by res, ipsa res. 

Italian, adj. Italicus, -Utalus. italics, n. 
lit(t)crae tenulores el paullum incllnatae. 

itch, I. n, 1, as a disease, scabies; to suffef 
from the — , scabie laborare; 2, = sensation 
caused from that disease, scabies (rare), prurigo, 
pruritus, -us (Plin. ),/ormicatio (jxupM»)'"'o. = aii — 
like the crawling of ants, Plin.). II. v.intr. lit. 
pritrire (in geu.),/ormica>-e(Plin., as if ants were 
running about on the part of the body which 
itches), i-erminarc (Mart., as if the part which 
itches was full of vermin). 

item, I. adv. = also ; (used when something 
is to be added) see Further. II. n. in an 
account, — s of expenditure, rationes sump- 
tuariae ; in a gen. sense, = article, jws, caput 
(e.g. of a law, a treaty) ; an — in a contract, 
agreement, condicio, caput ; or often res would be 
sufficient ; or by adj. singuli (e.g. the —9 of 
expenditure, pecuniae singula*). 



ite 



744 



JOC 



iterate, v.tr. tJerare. iteration, n. use 

verb. 

itinerant, n. and adj. viator, cirenmfora- 
neus. itinerary, D, itineris desrrijitio. 

ivory, I. u. ebor. II. adj. cbumcus, ■tehur- 
■tius, eboreus. 

ivy, n. hedera ; — mantled (of towers, etc.), 
haberd obsiins. 



J. 

jabber, v.intr. blatcrare, garrire, strepere, 
crepare ; see Prattle. Jabberer, n. qui blate- 
rat. jabbering, n. clamor, strepitus, -us. 

jock, n. 1, as term of contempt, — of all 
trades, qui se ad omnia aptum esse jmtal; 2, 
= boot—, instrumentum ad caligas dctrahen- 
das aptum ; kitchen — , machina qud utimur 
ad carncm circumagendam. jackanapes, n. 
homo stolidus. jackass, n. asinus (Tit. and 
rig.). Jackdaw, n. inonedula, perhaps gra- 
cuius. 

jacket, n. vestis or vestimentum. 

jade, n. 1, =a poor horse, eabuilus; 2, of a 
woman, mulier importuna, puella proterva. 
jaded, adj. fatigatus, (deyessus ; see Weary. 

jag, v.tr. = to cut into notches like those 
of a saw, inadere (=to make incisions); see 
Indent, jagged, Jaggy, adj. serratus (Plin., 
with teeth like those of a saw) ; — rocks, saxa 
praempta ; see Rugged. 

jail, n. furcifer ; see Gaol, Prison. 

jam, I. n. fructns conditl. H. v.tr. com- 
prim&rc. 

jamb, n. (in architecture) postis, m. 

jangle, v. see Quarrel. 

Janitor, n. janitor, ottiarius ; fern, janitrix. 

January, n. Januarius (mentis). 

Jar, I. v.intr. 1, = to strike discordantly, or 
if the jarring sound is repeated, slridere (or 
stndire, = to whiz), absonum esse, dissonare, dis- 
c.repare ; 2, — to disagree with, discrepare, dis- 
sonum esse; see oAgree. II. n. = quarrel, 
rixa, jurgium ; see Quarrel, jarring, adj. 
dissonus, discors; see Discordant. 

Jar, n. = a vessel, clla. (orig. avlci), cadus 
(esp. for wine), dolium (=cask), series (= large 
— ); nrceus (in gen.); urna (lit., =a jug for 
water, then an urn for the ashes of dead 
bodies, a lottery-box, a money-box, etc.) ; hydrta 
(iifyu'a), iitulvs and situla (=a water-pot, also 
used as a lottery-box, in this sense usu. 
sitella) ; amphora (<iji<J>opeu? — a large vessel, 
usually with two ears or handles, esp. used for 
wine). 

jargon, n. strepitus, -us, or sermo barbarus, 
vt ita dicam. 

jasper, I. n. iaspis. II. adj. Utspideus 

(Plin.). 

jaundice, n. morbus regies or arqualus 
(Cels.). Jaundiced, adj. llg. Kvitlus, invidus. 

jaunt, n. iter, axursio (Plin. Min.); to take 
a — , excurrere (Plin. Min.). 
Javelin, n. pitum, jacylum ; see Dart. 

Jaw, n. 1, maxilla (Cels.) ; jaws, fauces, -ivm 
(= the larynx); to tear out of the — s, eripere 
e favcUnu (lit. and fig.), jaw-bone, n. 
^axilla. 

jealous, adj. aemulus (= rival) ; = envious, 
inr.)dns, lividiu; to be — of anyone, uemulari 



alci or cum alqo, invide're alci. Adv. use adj. 
jealousy, n. ingen.ae»iulatfo(Cic.,Tusc); :elo- 
typia (Plin., by Cic. written in Greek, £7)Ao™iri'a 
= — in love). 

jeer, I. v.tr. and intr. in ludibrium vertSre 
(Tac.) ; the peoplo — at anything, alqd in ord 
omniumprohtdibrioahiit,(lAY.); = to deride any- 
thing or anyone, ludibrio sibi habere, ludijicare, 
deridire; = to mock, irridcre, all withoZgm, illu- 
derc alci, or in alqm ; = to cavil, a!qm cavillari. 
II. n. ludificatio, cavillatio, irrisio, irrisus, -Us, 
ludibrium. jeerer, n. irrisor, devisor, cavil- 
lator. jeering, adj. by adv. cum irrisione. / 

jejune, adj. jejunus, aridus, cxilis, siccus, 
e.rsanguis. Adv. jejune, extliter, jejune et exilitcr. 
jejuneness, n. jejunitas, siccitas, comb. je- 
junitas et siccitas et inojria. 

jeopardize, v.tr. alqd in aleam dare, alqd in 
discrimen committere or vocare or adducire; alqd 
discrimini committere, alqd ad ultimum discrimen 
adduccre. jeopardy, n. see Danger, Adven- 
ture. 

jerk, I. v.tr. offen.de re alqm alqd re (e.g. capite, 
cubito, ped* ant germ) ; see Hit, Beat. II. n. 1, 
impetus, -us; sco Hit ; 2, see Leai\ 

Jerkin, n. 1, see Jacket; a bulf — , lorica; 
2, vest is. 

jest, I. v.intr. jocari, joco uti, joca agcre 
cum alqo, joculari, cavillari. II. n. jocus, in 
the plur. joca in Cic. and Sail., joci in Liv., 
= a joke, amusement, Indus, comb, ludvs et 
jocus; = fun, wit, facetiae; in — , per jocum, 
per ludum et 'jocum ; for — , per ridiculum, joco, 
joculariter; do you mean that in earnest or 
in — ? jocone an scrio hoc dicis > without — , no 
— , amoto or rrmoto joco, omissis jocis, extra, jocum ; 
to put a — upon anyone, a)qm ludcrr, ludi- 
ficari. jester, n. qui jocatur ; = buffoou, 
sevrra, saiuiio, balatro. 

Jet, n. = the mineral, gagates, -ac, in. (Tllu.) ; 
— black, nigerrimus. 

jet, n. of water, aqua saliens or exsilicns (or 
in pi.). 

jetsam, n. res naufragio ejectae. 

jetty, n. moles, -is. 

Jew, n. Judae.us. Judaism, n. Judaismus, 
rcligin Judaica, doctrina Judaica. Jewish, 
adj. Judaicus, Judaeus. Jewry, n. view Ju- 
daienis, rcgio Judaica. 

Jewel, n. gemma ; see Gem. Jewelled, adj. 
gemmevs, gemmatus. jeweller, n. qui gcvnnas 
vendit or sculpit. 

Jig, n. and v.tr. see Dance. 

jilt, v.tr. repudiare. 

jingle, I. v.intr. (as in jingling chains m- 
bells), tinnire (~ to ring). II. n. or jingling, 
n. tinnitus, -'«*'. 

job, n. 1, = warkfiopus, -eris, u. ; 2, = a small 

lucrative business or olliee, minus exiguum or 
parvum; stu Work, Performance ; 3, = work 
carried on unfairly, fravs, -dis, I. jobber, u, 
1, = one who docs small jobs, operariita (= onf) 
who assists, servant, labourer); 2 (= a stock- 
jobber), urgenturius ; see Broker; 3, = one 
who does anything unfairly, fivudator, circum : 
tcrvptOT. 

jockey, I. n. ogaso (= groom). Ii. v.tr. (= 
to cheat), circumvenire (= to surround, fig. tij 
take in) ; see Cheat. 

jocose, jocular, adj. jocusus, jppuluris. 
jocularius, ridiculus (of persons and things); = 
laughable, ridendvs (of things) ; facefvs, salmis, 
festivus, hilaris (hilarus = gay), ludiccr, lascirvs 
(= sportive). Adv. jocose, joculariter, Jesti-re, las', 
cive. hilaritcr, hi{arc t jacele, salse ; see Gav ( 



jog 



745 



jub 



Merrv. jocoseness, Jocularity, jocund 
ity, n. facetiae, hilarus animus et ad jocandum 
promptus, hilaritas, laelitkt, alacritas, lascivia. 

jog, I. v.tr. = to push off, propellere (e.g. 
alqm, or the vessel with the oar, navem ranis); 
impellers; see Push. II. v.intr. ( = to move 
by jogs) proiuoveri, lente progredi. III. n. 1, ss 
a push intended to awaken attention, in general, 
ojfensio ; (= the impression from without) (im)- 
pulsus, -lis; a violent — , impetus, -us ; see Push. 

join, I. v.tr. lit. = to bring one thing in 
contiguity with another, (con)jungere (in general); 
nectere, con(n)cctere (= to connect, lit. and tig.) ; 
= to uuite things so that they belong together, 
comparare (all cum alqd re or alci rei) ; = to glue 
together, cement, tig. = to unite closely together, 
eonglutiiwre(e.g. verba); =to tie, fasten together, 
colligare, copulare, comb, jungere etcopulare, con- 
tinnare (lit. and tig.) ; — without a break, ad- 
jungere, adi ' or aid rei; — battle, proelium 
or pugnam Cvi.Mittere. II. v.intr. 1, = to be 
connected with, commi/ti, continuari, (eoti)jungi, 
adjungi; 2, = in partnership, etc., se (con)jun- 
gere, or societatem inire OTCoire, cum alqo ; 3,= to 
meet, se alci addere, alci occurrere, alcjs rei par ti- 
cipem esse, joiner, n. fabcr. joint, I. n. 
(in anatomy = the joining of two or more bones), 
commissura (in general, also in the human 
body); artu.*, -us, articulus, comb, commissnrae 
et art us ; — of a plant, nodus ; in particular the 
joints of the spine, vertebrae, so too 7>odns, and 
comb, nodi articulique ; a — of a chain, annulus ; 
(in architecture and joinery) = a binding or 
tying together (in architecture), colligatio, verti- 
cula (to cause motion); in joinery, coagmentum, 
coagmentatio, compages, -is, compactura, junctura 
(= the joining in general). II. adj. (as in — 
property), communis; see Common. Adv. con- 
juncte, conjunctim, una, comniuniter. joint- 
heir, n. coheres, -edit, m. and f. joint-stock 
company, n. societas. jointure, n. annua 
{quae viduae praebentur). 

joist, n. tignum transversum or transversa- 
riu m. 

joke, see Jest 

jolly, adj. hilaris (hilarus), lascivus ; see 
Merrv. jollity, n. hilaritas, lascivia. 

jolt, I. v.tr. jactare, concutere, quassare ; see 
Shake. II. v.intr. jaetari, coneuH, quassari; to 
— against (e.g. the carriage ■ — s), by offendire 
alqm, alqd(— to run accidentally against one, of 
persons and tilings; hence to fall in with, meet); 
ineurrere in alqm or in alqd(— to run violently 
against anyone or anything, of persons and 
things ; hence to tall in with anyone); illidialci 
rei or in alqd, ullidi ad alqd (= to be knocked, 
to dash upon anyone or against anything so as 
to be hurt, of persons and things, e.g. against 
the wall, parieti illidi; against the rocks, ad 
scopulos ullidi); see Shake. III. n. jactatio, 
quassatio, or by verb. 

jostle, v.intr. alqm offendire ; see Jolt, II. 

jot, I. ii. not a — , nihil, ne minimd quid em 
re, nc tra inversion, unguem or digitum; not to 
care a — , alqd. non Jlocci, or nihili or nauci 
/ache. II. v.tr. to — down, annotare or scribere. 

journal, n. 1, = diary, ephemeris, -idis, f. 
(€<f>r)nepi't) ; 2, in commerce, raliones(= accounts), 
codex acrepti et expensi, or, in the connexion of 
the sentence, simply codex or tabulae (= a cash- 
book for puttingdown income and expenditure); 
= the waste book, adversaria, -orum ; 3, = news- 
paper, acta, (diuma), -orum. journalist, D. 
diurnnrum scriptor. 

journey, I. n. iter, itineris, n. (to a place); 
via{= the way, road) ; = the departure, profectio 
(never in the seme of the — itself) ; = the net of 

24* 



travelling and the stay in foreign countries, pert, 
grinatio ; = a voyage, navigatio ; to be on a — , 
in itinere esse; to make, undertake a — , iter 
facerc ; into foreign countries, peregrinationes 
suscipire; to aet ready for the — , onnnia quae 
ad proficlscendum perlineant comixirare ; profez- 
tionem or iter parare ; a march, iter (= in 
gen.) ; a day's — , march (of troops), did or 
unius diet iter ; — or march, prima, secunda, 
tertia, quarta, quinta castra, -Oram ; — by sea, 
cursus, -us, navigatio ; in speaking in the ordinary 
sense of a — or voyage of so many days, the 
number of days is added in the genitive case, 
e.g. one day's — , diei iter or cursus, -us, or navi- 
gatio ; of two days, bidui iter or cursus or navi- 
gatio ; of nine days, novem dierum iter, cursus, 
navigatio; to be distant one day's — , diei 
itinere or cursu or navigatione abesse; two days' 
— , bidui spatio or simply bidui abesse ; the 
forest extends in breadth a nine days' — , latitudo 
silvae patet novem dierum iter; the distance was 
about a ten days' — , via dierum fere erat decern. 
II. v.intr. iterfacere, conficere, progredi (= to set 
out), peregrinari (= to — abroad) ; see Travel, 
March. 

journeyman, n. in a trade, opifex, -ids, m. 
and f. (= artisan); opera (usually in pi.), mercen- 
arius, operarius. 

Jove, n. Jupiter, gen. Joins (as god and 
planet) ; by — I mefiercle ! 

jovial, adj. hilaris, lascivus; see Merry. 
Adv. hilariler, lascive. joviality, n. hilaritas, 
lascivia; see Mirth. 

joy. I. n. gaudium (= the state of the mind, 
i.e. cum ralione animus movetur placidc atque con- 
stanler, turn illud gaudium divitur, Cic), laetitia, 
(when we show it outwardly, laetiiid gestien.-: 
Cic); the sensation of — , = pleasure, voluptas; 
comb, laetitia ac voluptas, = delight, delectatin, 
deliciae (= the object of—; poets use also 
gaudium and voluptas in this sense) ; .to gratify 
anyone, gratificari alci (by a present, etc.); 
you have given me great pleasure, caused me 
great — , by, etc., magnum mihi gaudium attu- 
listi, quod, etc. ; it gives me great pleasure, alqd 
mihi gaudio, laetitiae, or voluptati est; detector 
alqd re, alqd mihi in, dcliciis est; anything gives 
me great pleasure, magnd laetitia, magno gaudio 
meajficit alqd; alqd summae mihi voluptati est; 
magnum gaudium, mag nam laetitiam voluptatem- 
que capio (percipio) ex alqd re; alqd cumulum 
gaudii mihi affert (used when we wish to express 
a still higher degree of — , caused by something 
additional); to express one's — in words, gau- 
dium verbis prodere; to jump with — (in suc- 
ceeding, in hearing joyous news), laetitia se 
efferre, gaudio exsilire, ex(s)ultare; to be delighted 
with — , laetum esse omnibus laetitiis (a phrase 
which Cic. borrowed from a comedy of Cxcilius 
and uses very often); on his arrival they all 
received liiin with expressions of — , eum adveni- 
entcm lacti omnes aecepere. II. v.intr. gavdere, 
gaudio affici, gestire, ex(s)ulUire, lactiJUari ( = 
to show signs of — ) ; see Rejoice, joyous, 
joyful, adj. 1, = glad, laetus, hilaris or nilarvs 
(= in a merry humour); libens(lub-) (=with idea- 
sure) ; 2, = giving joy, laetns, laetalnlis ; gratvs 
(as regards anything for which we ought to be 
thankful) ; = pleasing, jucuivlus, dulcis; = wel- 
come, exoptatus. Adv. laete, hilaritrr, hilare, 
libenter (lul>-1, jnainde. joyless, adj. maestus ; 
see Sad. joyousnessjoyfulness, n.seeJor. 

jubilant, adj. = rejoicing, by laelitid or 
gaudio cx(s)i</tarc, laetitia or alacritate gestiens; 
ex(s)ultans et gestiens; see Exult, jubilee, 
n. = a season of great public joy and festivity, 
festi dies lactissimi; the — year, annus qui est 
qninqnagesimus or centesimvs post rem gestam. 



jud 

Judge, I. H. 1, judex, -'ins, in. (for the exact 
meaning of the term judex see Smith, "Diet, of 
Antiquities," art. Judex), assessor; inCic. often 
qui judical or qui judicium exereet or qui estjudi- 
caturus (when he is about to — ) ; = arbitrator, 
arbiter; ==dc\e^nte,ffciiperdlbr'; — oTthe circuit, 
giK»Mt/or(lit. of criminal offences); = a mediator, 
umpire, dixtptator (fern, disceptalrix) ; to bring 
anything before the — , alqd ad judicem deferre ; 
verdict, sentence of the — , court, judicis sen- 
tentia, judicium; a decree of a — , edictum ; an in- 
junction, inter dictum; to appeal to the — , ad 
judieem confugere; belonging. to 'the office of a 
— , judicialis'; 2, in gen. judex,' aestimator, ex- 
istimalor, comb. exisiimator'etjudex,'ecnsor (censor 
castigatorque); see Critic' Il.v.inti-. judicare, 
about anything, alqd, about anyone, de alqo (also 
in a. judicial sense), faccre judicium, about any- 
thing, alcjs rei or de alqd re, about anyone, de alqo; 
= to think, cxistimare (= to have an opinion), 
about anything, alqd or de alqa re, about any- 
body, de alqo ; = to think well, have a good or 
bad opinion of anyone, hene or male, cxistimare de 
alqo ; =to give a formal judgment, a decision, esp. 
in the Senate, crnsfre. III. v.tr. (= to hear and 
determine a case), judicare <ie alqn, judicium edere 
in alqm; to — between, d> judicare (e.g. vera et 
falsa, or vera a falsis). judgment, n. = the 
process of examining facts in court, judicium; 
to administer justice, give — , jus dicire, agcrc ; 
as a faculty of the m\wl, judicium, sapient ia, 
prudent ia ; to show — , judicium habere; see 
Understanding, Wisdom; ^determination, ftrM- 
trium, decretum ( = decree), sententia (= opinion); 
the opinion which anyone forms after having 
first inquired into the value of anything, esti- 
mation, existimatio ; the public opinion, existi- 
matio vulgi (Caes.) ; to give one's — , sentcntiam 
dicire (of the author, senator, judge) ; in my — , 
men judicio, quantum ego judico, (ex or de) men 
sententia, ut mihi quidem videtur ; — seat, tri- 
bunal, judicium ; to bring anything before the 
— , alqd (e.g. alcjs factum) in judicium rocare 
(Cic); see also Opinion, judicature, n. 
jttrisdictio, jurisdietionis potestas ; to be subject 
to anyone's — , sub alcjs jws et jurisdictionrm 
subjunctum esse; it comes under my — , juris- 
dictio mea est, hoc meum est, hvjvs rei poteslas penes 
•me-esx. judicial, adj. 1, judicialis; = belonging 
to the judge, judicarius ; = what belongs to 
the forum, forensis (e.g. contentiones) ; a — 
opinion, sententia; a — decree, edictum; in- 
junction, -Interdictum (of anything prohibited by 
the praetor, until the cause was tried); to 
demand a — inquiry against anyone, judicium 
■jxistulare i'?i alqm, judicrs pctcre in alqm ; 2, 
fig, (e.g. a — habit of mind), aequus; see Im- 
partial ; 3, sent by Heaven (e.g. — blindness), 
a Deo or divtyiius missa (caecitas, etc.). Adv. 
jure, lege (e.g. to proceed — against any- 
one, lege agire cum alqo, jure or lege experin 
cumclqo). Judiciary, adj. judiciariiis. judi- 
cious, adj. sagax, maximis consiliis, sapiens, 
prudens(= sagacious). Adv. sagacitcr, sapienter, 
prudenter, aequo animo. judiciousness, n. 
sagaoitas, prudenlia, sapientia, aequanimitas (i.e. 
without bias), consilium. 

Jug, n. urceus, urceolus (= little — ), hirnea, 
hirmda (= little — ), amphora (large, with two 
handles, esp. for wine); see Jar. 

juggle, I. v.intr. 1, in the lit. sense, praesti- 
giasagcre; 2, see Deceive. II. n. 1, = trick 
by legerdemain, praestigiae ; 2, deception, decep- 
<io(the act), error (= mistake) ; = fallacy, treacli- 
ery, fnllacia ; = simulation, simubitio', dissimu- 
late (the former = pretending what one is not, 
the latter = pretending not to be what one 
really is). Jugglery, juggling, n. = artifice, 
nrs, artifldnm, dolus. Juggler, n. 1, lit. prat- 



'46 



JUS 



stigialor (in gen.), f. praestigiatrix, circulator or 
planus (= a conjuror who travels about, the 
former exhibiting snakes) ; 2, see Deceiver. 
jugular, adj. — vein, * vena jugularis. 

Juice* -n.- sucus (also fig. = energy., e.g. in 
speech); = poison, rims, n. ; the -<- of the 
grape, slid uvae (in gen.), melligo urae (when 
still unripe), juicy, adj. vuci j>/wuis, sveosus 
(= full of juice) ; siicidus ( = with juice in). 

jujube, n. 1, zizyphus (= the tree), zizyphum 
(= the fruit); 2, =a medicine .which meits in 
the month, ecligma (all three Plin.). 

July, n. Julius Sinensis) ; in the times of the 
Republic, Quinctilis (mensis). 

jumble, I.- v.tr. (pcr)miscc'Te ; to make a 
regular -f-, omnia miscere, omnia miscfre et iiir- 
bare; see .Confound. II. v.intr. (per)misceri . 
III. n. mistura (lit. and tig., e.g. of virtues and 
vices, mistura ritiorum et rirtutum, Suet.); = 
mixture of different kinds of com, farrago (also 
of the contents of a book, nostri lihclli, Juv.) ; — 
of words, sartago ; = conflux of different things. 
coUuvies, collurio (e.g. exercitus mixius ex colln- 
vione omnium gentium, colluvies ilia nationum); 
varietas(e.g. sermonum opinionumqnc); generally 
by misccre (e.g. bona mixta malis). 

jump, I. v.intr. lit. satire; = to exercise 
oneself in jumping, saliendo seexercere; to — up, 
exsUire; with joy, e.r(s)ultare ga.udio, exsilire ; to 
— upon or into, insilire in alqd; to — from a 
wearied horse upon a fresh one, erfesso in rceen- 
tern cquum transultare; to — over anything, 
transilire alqd ; to — down from, dcsilire ex, etc. 
! (from the horse, cr cquo). II. n. = leap, saltus, 
' -its. jumper, n. qui salit. 

junction, n. conjunctio, junctio. junc- 
ture, n. status, -lis; — of affairs, tempora, -urn ; 
happv — , tempo rum fellcitas. 

June, n. (mensis) Junius. 

jungle, n. silva. 

junior, adj. and n. juni or or minor aelate; 

the — , (natu) minor. 

juniper, n. juniperus, f. 

junk, n. 1, = pieces of old cable, by funis, 
-is, m. ; see Cable, Rope ; 2, = Chinese vessel, 
11 a v is serica. 

junket, n. placenta (= cake), cnp(p)edia, 
•orum, or cup(p)ediae (ante and post class. 
= dainties), junkctting.ii. iter, -iniris, vo- 
luptalis cous(syl susceplum. 

Juridical, adj. see Judicial, juriscon- 
sult, n. juris peritus, juris or jure consultus 
(both also written ns one word), juris sciens, in 
jure pmdens. jurisdiction, n. see Judica- 
ture, jurisprudence, n. juris civilis pru- 
denlia ; anyone's knowledge iii — , juris civilis 
scieniia. jurist, n. see Jurisconsult, juror, 
n. as judge, judex (sclectits) (selected in Rome 
from the senators, knights, i.e. equites, and the 
tribuni aerarii). jury, n. judices, -um, or con- 
silium (e.g. judicnm). 

just, I.adj. = upright, JHsfiis (e.g. judge, com- 
plaint, fears, punishment, etc.), aequus (= equit- 
able, reasonable, of persons), legitimvs( = lawful, 
of things) ; to have — claims upon a thing, 
alqd jure sua (or rede) 2><istulare ; meritus (= de- 
served). II. adv. 1, = exactly, diligenter (e.g. 
I can't — tell, /i«?ic rem turn ita diligenter. 
teneo); 2, in reference to a particular moment, 
commodnm, commode; (colloquial) — now, ((!ii- 
tum qnod (tantum quod eum(quum), — when) ; — 
now, this moment, for the present, in vraesen- 
tia; only — lately, modo, proximo (e.g. the piece 
which he had written — lately, fahula quarn 
proxinu scripserpt) ; also by the adj. recens (with 



jus 



747 



kee 



db or ex and ablat. , or simply by the local ablat.) ; 
to have only — arrived from the province, the 
country, e provinvid reeente.ni esse; the people 
that had only — come from Rome, homines Romd 
recentes ; = accidentally, forte, forte fortund (e.g. 
the king was — here, rex' forte aderat) ; 3, in 
comparison, — as, aeque, perinde, jxiriter, simi- 
liter, item (or idem, eadem, idem, in reference to 
subject and object), itidem,juxta, cbdem or pari 
modo( = — in the same manner) ; to speak — -in 
the same manner, in tandem sententidm dispu- 
tare ; to love anyone — as much, aeque amare 
alqm ; to be — aa old and as popular, pari esse 
aetate et gratid ; — as well . . . as, aeque . . . 
ac (atque, et, lit), perinde , . . ac (atque, vt, quasi) ; 
proinde . . . ac (quasi), similiter . . . ac (atque, et, 
ut), item . . . vt (uti, qvernadmodum, quasi), 
it idem . . . et (quasi), juxta . . . ac (atque, quasi, 
cum [with the ablat. of the persons to whom we 
compare anyone]) ; non secus . . . ac ; Ut . . . ita, 
'non. minus . . . quam (the latter if there is no 
negation connected with it), talis. . . qvalis, is 
with qui following (if — as . . . as, = — the same 
... as, — such a one ... as) ; — as if, aeque 
(pariter, perinde), ac si ; similiter, vt si or ac si ; 
juxta ac si; — aa well ... as, tarn . . . quam, 
item . . . ut ; — as well ... as anyone else, tarn 
. . . quam qui maxime, also ita, vt cvm maxime; 
not ... — as little, non . . . non magis, non . . . 
nihilo 2)lus (or non plus), — as little ... as, «o/t 
magis . . . quam (= no more . . . than) ; non plus 
. . . quam; nee . . . nee, or neque . . . neque {nee 
inferendo injuriam, nee patiendo) ; — as much . . . 
as, non magis . . . quam (i.e. no less . . . than), 
non nimis . . . quam; — as great, large, tantus- 
dem, idem (e.g. eadem impudent ia) ; — as much, 
tanlidem, tantundem(. . . as, quantum, as regards 
the quality), tot-idem (. . . aa, atque, ac, or the 
correlative quot, as regards the quantity) ; — as 
many vessels, totidem naves, par navium Hu- 
merus ; — as far, pari spatio ; — that one, the 
same, idem, hie idem, hie is, idem hie, iilem Me, 
idem iste (if the subject has already been men- 
tioned before, = likewise the same) ; by solus 
(e.g. capiti solo ex aqua exstant, only — their 
In out from the water) ; 4, to express em- 
phasis, imprimis, or as two words (in primis), 
potissimum,maxime.,praese.rtim,praeeipue; = eer- 
tainly, quidem (enclit.) ; = indeed, vtique, sane; 
— now, modo, jam cum maxime ; — now, of what 
has long been desired, vixdum, vix tandem ; — 
at that time, turn cum maxime, eo maxime tem- 
pore ; — then, then — , turn maxime;. not — , 
not exactly, hand ita, non ita (e.g. s-unt ea [simu- 
lacra] praeclara, sed non ita antiqua), also simply 
hand, or non, parum (= not so very) ; as not ex- 
actly, but, etc. , immo vero; — that which, id quod ; 
exactly, quidem ; but that is — exactly what is 
considered wicked, at id quidem nefas habetur; 
with the superlative -by quisque,'— exactly the 
best, optimus quisquc : but — , nunc denique ; in 
answers, — so, inquam, ita plane or 2'rortus ; 
sometimes expressed by sub with accus. (e.g. 
sub lucem, — before daybreak). Adv. juste, jure, 
legitime, merito. justice, n. jus/if ta( = the virtue 
itself, and the love of — ) ; = equity, equitability, 
aequitas (especially as a quality inherent in a per- 
son or tiling) ; = right, law, jus (= that which is 
considered right) ;. — requires that, etc., aequum 
est (with accus. and infin.) ; to exercise — , jus- 
titiam exercere or colere ; to see — done to any- 
one, alei jus dare or redden (in court); ea quae 
aid debentur tribuere (in gen., in daily life, to 
' give anyone what is due to him) ; in — , jure. 
justiciary, n. perhaps praetor vrbanvs ; see 
Judge, justifiable, adj. Justus ; = lawful, 
legitimiis, comb. Justus et legitimvs : see Lawful ; 
in more gen. sense, alqd recte ac. jure factum ; see 
Excusable. Adv. rccte ac jure, justifica- 



tion, n. 1, purgatio, excusatio, satisfuctio; to 
accept anyone's — , excusationem or satisfactionem 
accijiire ; for his or her — , sui purgandi caus(s)d ; 
2, Theol. t.t. * justificatio. justify, v.tr. 1, 
iu the ordinary sense, alqm or alqd purgare (= 
to prove one's innocence) ; =» to excuse, alqm or 
alqd excusare (e.g. that anything was not done on 
purpose, that anything was .neglected '. through 
other engagements, or through an oversight, or 
through ignorance, etc.) ; = to free from guilt, 
alqm culpd liberare ; to — anyone on account of, 
alqm purgare de alqd re (seldom ahjs rei), culpam 
alcjs rei demovere ab alqo ; to — oneself, se pur- 
gare, se excusare ; to — oneself before anyone, se 
purgare aid '•; sufficiently, salisfacire aid; to — 
one's conduct before anyone, facti sui rationem 
aid probate ; 2, Theol. t.t. * justificare. . . 

jut, v.intr. — out, exstare, eminere, jyrominere ; 
of peninsulas and other portions of land, ex- 

evrrere. 

juvenile, adj. puerilis, or by the genit. pueri 
or puerorvm, adolcscentis or adolescentivm, 
juvenilis, juvenility, n. see Youth. 

juxtaposition, n, by verbs (e.g. quod una 
positum est). 



K. 

kale, n. crambe, -es, f. 

kalendar, u. fasti, ephemeris, -idis, f . \ , 

keel, n. carina (in poetry — the whole 
ship). 

keen, adj. = sharp (lit. and fig.) acer, acerlus 
(— poignant) ; s= acute, aevtus, aslulus (ofUm in 
bad sense), subtilis, perspicax, sagax, argutus 
(= sagacious or witty). Adv. acriter, acerbe, 
acute, astute, subtiliter, sagaciter, argute ; to feel 
a sorrow — , summo dolore affid. keenness, n. 
accrbitas (in such phrases as the — of winter, 
better use adj.), astutia, subtililas, sagacitas, jier< 
S})icacitas ; — of wit, argutiae. 

keep, I. v.tr. servare, custodire, tenere, co>i» 
tiiih -e, habere (= to have) ; to — house, i.e., to re- 
main in it, domi (re)manere ; to — one's bed, ia 
lecto esse, lecto teneri ; to — a position, locum tenere; 
= to store up, condere ; = to preserve, conservare; 
= to support (animals), olere ; ss to observe, ten- 
ere, servare, observare ; to — faith, fidem servare or 
■praestare, or exsolvere ; to — a secret, alqd ocadtum 
tenere; to — apart, distinere ; to ■ — back, aa: to 
retain, retinire; I generally — it in this way, 
ita facers soleo, sic est metis mos. II. v.intr. 
conHneri (of a dam), firmvm esse (of a door); 
frangi -non posse(of what cannot be broken open, 
e.g. a door), non rumpi (of what cannot burst, e.g. 
a vessel), matters, non evanescere (of things that 
will — their colour) ; to — to a thing, retinere 
alqd (justitiam, officium); always to — r in the 
path of duty and honour, officii et exist imaliotiis 
rationem setnper ducire; who ^s to, upholds a 
thing, retinens alcjs rei (e.g. sui juris dignitatis- 
que); to — in a certain track, tenere alqm. locum,- 
cursum tenere alqo; to — down, rcprimere, com- 
primers; to — in, claiidSre, inclvdire, coucludere, 
contincre, cohibcre ; to — off, arcere, defendere, 
prohibere, propiilsare; to — from, (se) abstinere ; 
to — up, co n terra re, tuerl ; to — up with, sub- 
sequi. III. n. arx. keeper, n. custos, cura- 
tor, keeping, n. enstodia (= custody), tutela 
(= protection), to be in — , convenire, congrueref 
see Aoree. keepsake, n. donnm, or more 
accurately defined, memoriae i-aus(s)d datum or 
accejitum. 



keg 



.748 



kna 



keg, n. dolinm (of earthenware), Ugneum vas 
circuits vinctum (of wood (Plin.)). 

ken, 11. conspectus, -us. 

kennel, n. 1, a house for dogs, stabulum 
miiis or cannm ; tugurivm canis (for a watch- 
dog, etc.); 2, = a pack of hounds, canes; 3, 
= a water-course of a street, emissarium (for 
the water), =a drain, cloaca. 

kerb, n. crepldo, better defined by viae or 
itineris. 

kerchief, n. see Handkerchief, Neckkf.r- 

CHIF.F. 

kernel, n. 1, of fruits, nucleus (lar;;f ir 
small); 2, in a tig. sense, medulla {= marrow); 
= tlie blossom, flos, ftoris, m. (of a flower, youth, 
nobility) ; = the select portions, rabur, -oris, n., 
robora (e.g. of Italy, of the Roman people, of 
the troops, the foot-soldiers, etc.); that, was the 
real — of the army, hoc erat robur exercitus, id 
roboris in exercitu erat. 

kettle, n. a(h)cnnm, cortina (for cooking and 
dyeing); le.bes, -His, m. kettle-drum, n. 
tympanum. 

key, n. 1, Claris, -is, f. ; 2, fig- janna (rare, 
e.g. nrbsjanua Asine); 3, of a musical instru- 
ment, * cairn's. 

kick, I. v.intr. and tr. caldCrare, calces re- 
mittere, adcibus caedere ; a horse that — s, cqvus 
calcitro. II. n. pedis or calcis ictus, -us ; to 
give anyone a — , alqm pede or calce percutere. 

kid, n. hatdus, haedulus. 

kidnap, v.tr. see Steal, kidnapper, 
n. plagiarius. 

kidney, n. rencs, renvm, m. kidney- 
bean, n. phaselns, m. and f. 

kill, v.tr. occidere (e.g. ferro, veneno, but 
generally of an honourable death), caedire (= to 
fell, especially in battle, in a fight ; if of several, 
also alqrm caedes facire) ; interficere (= to cause 
anyone's death, to murder, also in general like 
occidere, but implying a design and the act of 
destroying), conjiclrc ( = to put to the sword, in 
case of resistance), nccare (in a cruel manner and 
■Wilfully, implying cruelty and want of feeling), 
enecare (stronger than nccare); interimcre, e 
medio tollere (= to get rid, especially of an 
adversary) ; vitam adimere aid, vitd or luce 
ohpn privareQn general = to deprive of life), aid 
vim affcrre (= to lay hands on), trncidare (= to 
murder), jvgulare (= to cut the throat), obtrun- 
care (= to attack anyone and assassinate 
him); percutere (with the sword, axe, stick, etc., 
generally with theabl. of the instrument where- 
by a person is killed, e.g. gladio, hence secttri 
percutere, the. proper term to express the net of 
executing one) ; to — oneself, se interficere, se 
occidere, se. interimcre, mortem or necem sibi con- 
sriscfre, mortem or vim sibi inferre, vim nffrrre 
ritae ruae, mauns sibi affcrre or in/em, seipsum 
vitd privare ; to — the time, lioras or tempns 
perdire ; to — (of beasts), caedire (cattle), jugtt- 
lare, mactare (only = to slay victims, never 
= to butcher), trucidare (also of slaughter of 
men). 

kiln, n. firrnax, -ads, f. ; a lime- — , farvax 
ealcaria ; see Stove, Oven. 

kimbo, ii. (i.e. n — ); see Crooked, Curve. 

kin, n. see Relation, Relative, kind, 
I. n. genus, -iris, n., species (= the single 
species of the genus); moilus (esp. in gen. ejus- 
dem modi, etc.); forma (= characteristic form, 
feature, e.g. orationis, eloqventiae, dicendi, 
loquendi, etc.) ; in logic, species, forma, pars, 
•fis, f. (opp. genus); of the same — , ejnsdem 
generis, congener; to arrange everything accord- 



ing to its — , singula generation disponire; Theo- 
critus is wonderful in his — of poetry, admitu- 
bilis in suo genere Theocritus ; very often by 
quidam or quasi (e.g. for slaves the house is a 
— of republic, and they are all citizens in it, 
servis re$pid)lica quasi civitas domus est ; to make 
a — of will, quasi testamentum facire) ; every — 
of, omne genus (with the gen., e.g. herbarum 
radicumque), or simply by ontnes (e.g. every — 
of danger, omttia pericula). II. adj. benignns 
(in character and in actions) ; = charitable, 
bencficus; = benevolent, benerolus ; = amiable, 
facilis, humonus ; = friendly, amicus ; = indul- 
gent, indulgens; = liberal, libcralis ; = obliging, 
comis; = gentle, mild, clcmens; = well, favourably 
disposed, propitius (of the gods); you are too 
good I very — ! benigne ! benigne ! also recte ! 
no, thank you (when we decline taking more 
at table, thanking for any act of kindness), 
fads amice! Adv. ?mi?'<7?ie, liberaliter, comb. 
benigne ac liberaliter, comiter, clement er, indul- 
genter (e.g. to treat, deal with anyone — , ulqm 
habere), amice, humane. kindness, II. 1, = 
kindliness, benignitas, benerolentia, comiteis, 
humanitas, liberalitas ( = generosity), dementia, 
indulgentia,fadlitas{= affability): 2,= a benefit, 
benefidum ; see Favour, kindred, n. see 
Relation, Relative, kinsman, n. see Rela- 
tive. 

kindle, I. v.tr. 1, accendere, infiammare 
(= both to make light and to burn); incend- 
ere, inflommare et incendere, succende.re (from 
below), aid rei igncm in(j)icere, injerre (= to 
throw lire in), aid rei ignem sub(j)icere, subdere 
(= to put fire under anything) ; 2, fig. accendere, 
incendere, t succendere, infiammare, conflare, ex- 
citare, incitarc ; see Excite. II. v.intr. 1, (ex)- 
ardescire ; 2, fig. = to glow with, ardere, flagrare. 

king, n. rex, regis, m. ; = a prince of a small 
territory, regulus ; the — of — s, rex rcgum ; to 
be — , regent esse, regnum obtinerc,regiam potes- 
tatem habere; to make oneself into a — ■, to 
occupy, usurp the throne, regnum occupare, 
regium ornatum nomemqtie. sumire (of one who 
had been before governor of a province, etc.) ; 
I shall be as happy as a — , V, etc., rex ero, si, 
etc. kingcraft, n. arsregendi. kingdom, 
n. regnum. kingfisher, n. (h)alccdo, later 
form '(h)alcyon. kingly, adj. regius, rcgalis. 
kingship', n. regia .potestas, regnum. 

kiss, I. v.tr. edqm osculari, svaviari, basi- 
are ; to — a stranger, osadis alqm excipcre ; to — 
each other, osculari inter se ; — Attica from me, 
Attieac meae meis verbis suavium des ; to throw 
a — to anyone, manum a facie jacere; in the 
plural, oscula jactre, basia jactare. II. n. osculum 
(lit., = a little mouth, used as a nobler expres- 
sion), svavium(= a tender — upon the. mouth or 
cheek), basium (= a loud — ) ; to give anyone 
a — , osculum or suavivm or basium aid dare ; 
osculum aid ferre or offerre, basium or suavium 
aid imprimere ; to steal a — , suavium alci «w- 
ripcre. 

kitchen, I. n. 1, = place for cooking, culiria ; 
2, = the dishes themselves, cena (coeii-); to 
keep a good — , lante cenitare. II. adj. culi- 
narins ; — materials, res culinaria (in gen.); 
vegetable, olus, -cris, n., or in the plur. olera, 
■urn. kitchen-garden, n. hortus olitorius 
(Jet.). 

kitten, I. n. catulus felinus. II. v.intr. 
feles parere. 

knapsack, n. pera (= bag), mantica (= port- 
manteau), sardna (= baggage of soldiers). 

knave, n. (tri)furcifer, veterator (colloquial 
terms), homo nequam or sceleratus ; see Rogue. 
knavery, n. vegvitia, malitia, fraus, dolus, 



kne 



749 



kno 



Improbilas ; see Deception. knavish, adj. 
nequam(= worthless), mulitiosus (= crafty), per- 
jidus ( = treacherous) ; fraudulentus (= fraud u- 
lent, deceitful), lascu-us ( = full of tricks). Adv. 
perjide, malitiose, fraudulenter. 
knead, v.tr. (con)depsere, subigerc. 

knee, n. genu ; to bend the — , genuaflectere, 
or curvare (ill general); to fall upon one's — s, 
(in genu) procumbent (unintentionally, or from 
admiration, or out of respect, or as suppliant) ; 
to fall upon one's — s before anyone, alci procum- 
bcre, ad genua (dcjs procumbere, ad genua alci or 
genibus alcjs accidere, prosternire se et svpplicare 
alci (= to prostrate oneseli). knee-deep, 
adj. genibus touts, knee-pan, n. patdla 
(Cels.). kneel, v.intr. genibus niti ; to — 
down (in genu) procumbere ; see Knee. 

knell, n. campana funcbris. 

knife, n. cidler ; a small — , culteUits. 

knight, n. eipies, -itis, m. knighthood, 
n. ordo equester (= the whole order; ; dignitas 
equestris, locus equester (= the rank), knight- 
ly, adj. equester; = worthy of a knight, equite 
dignus. 

knit, v.tr. acitbus texire; fig., see Tie, 
Unite ; to — the brow, frontem contrahere or 
adduccre. 

knob, n. bulla (of a door, etc.) ; nodus 
(in plants), knobbed, knobly, adj. t no- 
dosus. 

knock, I. v.tr. and intr. alqd pulsare (e.g. 
fores, ostium); to — with the fist, pulsare, tund- 
ere, see Beat, Kill ; to — against, alqd ad or 
in alqd offcndere (e.g. pedem in saxuia); to — 
down, sternire ; — ed up, fatigatus (through a 
combat l, fessus i through suffering, e.g. illness, 
poverty, etc.); = fit to sink, de/atigatus, defessus, 
lassus, lassitudinc conjectus ( = worn out). II. n. 
pulsatio (e.g. forium); there is a — against the 
door, pulsantur fores, knocker, n. by cir- 
'■.uniloc. (e.g. hs raised the — .fores pulsavit), or 
tintinnabulum ( = bell), knock-kneed, adj. 
varus. 

knot, I. n. nodus(in gen.),articulus (— joint), 
= a tie, nodus, vinculum; = difficulty, nodus, dijji- 
cultas; = a group of people, cireulus; to make a 
— , nodum facere, nectere; to draw the — , nodurn 
a(d)stringere ; to loosen the — , nodum solv- 
ere, expcdire ilit. and fig.). II. v.tr. nodare, 
nectere ; see Tie. knotty, adj. 1, nodosus, gen- 
iculatus ; 2, fig. dijicilis, spinosus (= thorny); a 

— point, nodus. 

know, v.tr. scire, novisse (= to have learnt to 
know); — to have a knowledge of, alcjs rei scien- 
tiam habere, alqd cognitum habere ; = to have had 
a good knowledge of, experience in a matter, 
"»io/i nescire, noil ignorare, alcjs rei non ignarum 
esse ; didicisse (= to have learnt) ; I — , = a thing 
does not escape me, me non fugit or non prae- 
terit ; = to comprehend, tenere, intellegcre, cog- 
noxcire(=to experience, learn); I don't — , nescio, 
hand scio, ignoro, me fugit, me praeterit ; not to 

— that the dictator had arrived, ignorare venisse 
ilictatorem ; I don't — where to turn, to whom 
to apply, nescio quo me converlam ; I don't — 
what to say, nescio or turn habeo or nihil habeo, 
quod dicam ; I don't — who, nescio quis ; I read 
I don't — what, legi nescio quid; I don't — 
whether ... (a modest assertion), haud scio an, 
etc., nescio an, etc. (e.g. I don't — whether this 
road is the shorter of the two, hand scio an or 
nescio an haec via brevior sit\; you must — , scito 
(not sci), scitote (not scite); do you — ? do you 

— perhaps? scin? scisne? nostin' ? as far as I 
— , quod scio, quantum scio, quod sciam; I should 
Jike to — (in questions, the answer to w&ich 



would create surprise), mirer, miror unde sit; 
to — for certain, certo and certe scire, pro 
cerlo scire, certum habere, pro certo habire, explor- 
ation or cognitum habere, certum est mihi alqd 
and de alqd re, exploratum or notum txjiloratum- 
que mihi est alqd and dc alqd re, cogniluvi com- 
pertumque mihi est alqd, certis auctoribus comper- 
isse (on good authority); let me — , fox me 
certiorem, fac ut sciam; I wished you to — , id 
lescirc volui; to get to — , avdire (= to hear), ac- 
cij»~rc(= to receive intelligence), comperire( = to 
understand), disccrc(=to learn); he knew how to 
maintain his dignity, auetoritatem svam bene iue- 
batur ; = to have a clear idea about anything, 
novisse, cognovissc, cognitum habere (in gen.), 
alcjs rei notitiam habire or tenere (= to have a 
conception of a thing), didicisse (through having 
learut, opp. ignorare), vidisse (through outward 
perception), tenere( — to Y[o\d),intellegere(intellig-) 
alqm or alqd (with regard to a thing, = to under- 
stand its peculiar features ; with regard to 
persons, to undei-stand their motives, etc.); = to 
learn to — , noscire, cognoscere :csp. through ex- 
perienee\ discere(by study, inquiry, fiavVaveiv) ; 
percipere (= to obtain a char perception) ; = to 
get a taste of anything, degustare (lig., = logeta 
knowledge of anything, e.g. ingenium alcjs); to 

— anyone, noscerc or nouisse alqm, opp. igno- 
rare ; = to become most intimately acquainted 
with a thing, alqd familiaritcr nosse (novisse); 
they — each other perfectly well, erant notis- 
simi inter se; to — oneself thoroughly, penitus 
ipsum se nosse ; to — a person by sight, alqm de 
facie nosse; not to — anyone, alqm non nosse, 
alqs mihi est ignotus, alqm ignorare (seldom); 
= to recognise, cognoscere; in order that nobody 
might — me, lie quis me cognosceret ; agnoscere 
ex alqd re (e.g. anyone by his works, alqm ex 
operibus suis), noscitare alqd re (e.g. anyone by 
tha. voice, voce; by his countenance, forte). 
knowable. adj. insignia, by anything, alqd 
re(e.g. armis), consnicuus alqd re(= conspicuous, 
e.g. armis) ; to make a thing — by, alqd insign- 
ire alqd re (e.g. notd); to make anything — , 
intelligible by words, alqd explanarc. know- 
ing, I. n. = Knowledge. II. adj. sciens, pru- 
dens, comb, sciens ac prudens (with regard to the 
person who does 3 thing, opp inscie.ns), quod 
consulto et cogitalum jit, quod de industrial jit (= on 
purpose); = clever, callidus, versutus, astutus. 
Adv. consulto (= with consideration, calmly) ; de 
industrid (= on purpose); to sin wilfully, — , 
scientcm peccare (opp. inscientem peccare) ; I have 
done it — , sciens or sciens prudensque feci, con- 
sulto or de industrid feci, knowledge, n. 
scientia, notitia, cognitio (in a subjective sense) ; 
in an objective sense, = a branch of learning, 
an) = art), doctrina,disciplina; sciences, litera- 
ture, doctrinae, disciplinae, disciplinae studio, 
■orum; to inform anyone, bring anything to 
his — , alqm certiorem facere alcjs rei or de alqd 
re, doccre alqm alqd or de alqd re (= to teach), 
erudire alqm de alqd re( = toinstruct), comb, alqm 
erudire atque doccre; to gain — about a thing, 
cognoscere de alqd re; to have anything brought 
to one's — , certiorem fieri de alqd re, doceri alqd; 
the — of anything spreads to, reaches, ouditur 
alqd ; to have no — of, alqd : :nnrare ; = a clear 
perception, notitia alcjs rei , .. id idejs rei(= the 
idea which we have of anything, e.g. the — of 
God, notitia or notio Dei) ; = the knowing about 
anything, scientia ulcjs rei ; = the act of having 
got into a thing witli the understanding, cognitio 
or intellegeniia (intellig-) alcjs rei; — about the 
past, memoria praeteritorum ; about the future, 
prudentia futurorum ; to have only a superficial 

— of, in, alqd primoribus labris or leviter atti- 
gisse, primis labris gustasse; to have scarcely 
a superficial -*■ of, alqd re ne imbutum quidevi 



knu 



750 



Ian 



esse; if I possess any — in it, si in me est huiusce 
■ rei ratio alqa ; void of — , rerun! rudis or igitarus 

(in gen.); illiterate, lit(t)erarum expers, non 
~lit(t)eratus, illit{t)eratus ; with regard to the 

fine arts and sciences, libeialiumarlium nescius ; 

= quite illiterate, omnium rerun rudis (in gun.), 

omnis eruditionis expert, knOWQ, adj. notus; 

it is — , constat, ccrtum est, with accus. and 

infin. ; to make — , declarure; see Publish. 

Knuckle, n. arlkulus (digiti). 



L. 

label, I. n. scheda(sc(hyida)=: strip of papyrus 
bark, leaf of paper ; tessera(= a square, a square 
piece of stone or wood); pittacium (late, — on 
necks of bottles, etc.). II. v.tr. pittacium 
uffigire or titulum inscribere. 

labial, n. = hitter pronounced by the lips, 
*litera labialis (only as t.t.). 

laborious, adj. laboriosus, opcrosus, indus- 
trius,(gynavu$, diligens, sedulus ; to be« — , magni 
esse laboris, taboriosum esse. Adv. luboriose, 
-operose, Industrie, (g)naviter, sedulo, diligenter. 

labour, I. n. 1, labor, opus, -eris, n.,' opera, 
occupatio, pensmt(= task); moles,-is, f.(esp.poet., 
but also in prose, e.g. haud magna mole, = with- 
out great — ) ; to undertake a — , laborcm suscipcre; 
to weardown with — , alqm labore eonficere ; to pay 
by — , pecuniam debitam. ope-d sua (com)pensare; 
learned— s,studia; —by night, lucubmtio;— sat 
spare time, operue subsicivae : without — , free from 
— , otiosus ; 2, in childbirth, partus, -us (= bring- 
ing forth), t nisus, -its (nixus). II. v.intr. 1, = to 
be active, laborare ; — in study, studcre lit(t)cris ; 
— on or at anything^ elaborare in re or in alqd 
or tit, operant dare alci rei, incumbcre in or ad cdqd, 
or aid rei; to be employed in — , in opere esse, 
laborem subire; — day and night, opus continu- 
are diem et noctem; — for pay, operant suam 
locare; 2, =to be troubled, laborare ; — under, 
alqd re laborare (of trouble)'; — under a delu- 
sion, deeipi ; 3,' =■ to strive, (e)niti ; see Stkivk ; 
4, of childbirth, 1 parturire. laboured, ailj.. 
nitidius alqd el afiectaiius (Quint.), nimis exquis- 
itvs. labourer, n. qui opus facit, operarius, 
opera; — for pay, a hireling, mercenarius; — 
in a vineyard, vinitor ; to engage — s, condu- 
cere operas ; skilled — s, artifices, laboratory, 
n. locus cameratus ubi metallorunt cxperimenta 
ag-untur. 

labyrinth, n. labyrinlhus (of the Cretan 
— ) ; tig. difficultates sv.rn.mae, res inexplicabiles ; to 
fall into a — , in summm difficultates incurrere ; 
to be in a — , in summis difficultatibus esse 
or versa ri. labyrinthine, adj. \labyrintheus, 
.inexplkabilis. 

lace, I. n. 1, texta reticulata, -orum ; 2, 
of a boot, U(n)gula (Juv. = shoe-latchet). II. 
v.tr. nectere; see Tie. 

lacerate, v.tr. locerare, t dilacerare, laniare 
(fig., e.g. the heart, acerbissimo dolore ufficere 
alcjs animum). laceration, u. laceratio, lani- 
atus, -us. 

lachrymose, adj. = breaking into tsars, 
lacrimabundus ; = full of tears, lacrimosus 
(lac(h)rti-) (e.g. oculi or lumina, voces); — causing 
tears, lacrimosus^ 

lack, X. n. = not having, defect io (esp. defectio 
virium, — of strength), inopia (= — of means), 
pe.ttu.ria. (= — of necessaries). II. v.tr. re car ere, 
t£gSre,,indigZre, incpid rei laborare or premi, alqd 



aid deesse, abessc, deficcre; — nothing, nihil decsse 
alci. lack-a-day! interj. ah! o! proh ! gene- 
rally with accus., also without exclamation, e.g. 
me miserum .' lack-lustre, adj. decolor. 
lackey, n. pedissequus, famulus. 

laconic, adj. 1, Laconicus = Spartan ; 2, = 
brief, brcvis. Adv. brevitcr, paucis (verbis). 

lacquer, I. n. lacca. II. v.tr. laced alqd 
obduiv.re. (not class.). 

lacteal, adj. t lactcv.s. 
lad, n. puer. 

ladder, n. scalae ; the step of a — , scalarum. 
g rod us, -us. 

lade, v.tr. = to load, onerare; — anyone, 
onus alci imponire. laden, adj. onustus, oner- 
atus, gravis, + gravidus ; — with debt, acre 
alieno obrutus; — with business, occupations 
bus distentus. lading, n. onus, -eris, n. 

ladle, I. n. = large spoon, cochlear (cochlear- 
ium. or cocJtleare, Plin.); trulla (= small — ), cya- 
thus. II, v.tr. haurire. 

lady, n. flomina,hera,matrona,materfamilias 
(= lady of the house), lady-like, adj. hones- 
tus x quod matrond dignum est. ladyship, n. 
domina. lady's - maid, n. famula, t orna- 
trix. 

lag, v.intr. contort (cunct-), cessare, -nwrari. 
lagging, u. mora, contatio. laggard, n. 
cessulor, contator. 

lagoon, n. lacuna. 

laio, lay, adj. *laicus. laity, n. '-loici 
(Eccl. t.t.). layman, n. *laicus. 

lair, u. lutibulum, cubilc; see Den. 

laird, n. dominus, possessor. 

lamb, I. n. agnvs, agna ; a small — , lanib- 
lrin, agvellus; of a — , agninvs ; — -like, 
placidior agno ; as meat (earo) agnina. II. v.tr. 
agn um edere or pirocreare. 

lambent, adj. use f lambere (e.g. flamma 
quae lambit alqd.). ' 

lame, I. adj. claudus, mancus (= short of .1 
limb), delrilis (= feeble) ; to be — of a wound, 
vulnere debilitatum esse ; to be — ,'claudum esse, 
claudicare ; — in speech, si quid in oratione 
■claudicat ; — in -one foot, altera vede claudum 
esse ; a — excuse, excusatio rami. II. v.tr. alqm 
clavdvm reddcre. Adv. by adj. or v. (e.g. to 
walk — , claudicare). lameness, n. claudi- 
catio. 

lament, I. n. or lamentation, lammtnm 

(usu. in pi.), lamentatio (= act of— ),fletus, -us(- 
weeping), gemitus, -its (= groaning), eomploratio, 
{com)ploratus, -lis, ejulatus, ejulatio (the latter 
rare = wailing), quiritaiio (rare), qvestvs, -its, que- 
rimonia, querela (= complaint), nenia (= dir^c), 
plangor (= beating of the breast, loud — ). II. 
v.tr. alqd lomentari, defilre, (con)queri, + flcre, 
deplorarc (~ — bitterly), complora re (rare), t plo- 
rare. III. v.intr. lennentari, flere, (de)plorarc, 
ejulare, (con)queri. lamentable, adj. deflendus, 
+ lamentabilis, flebilis, miserandus, miserabilis. 
Adv. mieerandvmb in modum, miserobiliter, fie- 
biliter. lamented, adj. past part, of v. or 
d'vus (of the dead, Tac). 

lamp, a. lucema, lychnus. lamp black, 
n. fuligo. 

lampoon, I. n. libellus famosus (Suet.), 
famosvm carmen or famosi versus, -us, pi. II. 
v.tr. libellum ad infamiam alcjs edere. 

lance, I. n. lancea, hasta; to break a — 
with, hastd pugnarc' cum alqo ; fig. certare, con- 
tendere cum alqo. II. v.tr. tned.t.t inctdcrc 
lancer, n. eques hastatue. lancet, n. (or little 
lauce), scalpellum(scalpellu3); . 



Ian 



751 



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• land, I, n. 1, opp. to the sea, terra, UMus, 
•uris,f.; to gain the — , terrain capi.ru ; to quit — , 
(navem) solvere; to sail along — , oram legerc ; 2, 
a fruit-bearing country, ager, fundus, soCum, 
terra; a cultivated — , field,' drown,;- to culti- 
vate — , agrum colere ; relating to the culture of 
— , (tgrarius ; 3, — a particular part of the earth, 
terra, regio, provincia, ager, pagus, civitas, 
patria ; in the — of the Etruscans, in Etrus- 
corumfinibus ; to drive out of the — , atom civi- 
tate pcllere, in exsilium pcllere, agere alqm; of 
what — ? cujas; out of our — , nostras; the law 
of the — , lex {publico). II. adj. terrestris, tcr- 
renus, pedester (e.g. pugm pedestris, — battle). 
III. v.mtr. e nave or navem egredi, e nave evadere 
or exire. IV. v.tr. alqos or alqd enave or 
in terram exponere; to — a fish, piscem caperc, 
landed, adj. — property, agrum, possessio (usu. 
in pi.) ; — proprietor, agrorwm, possessor, land- 
ing, n. e(x)scensio, egressus, -us, litoris appvl- 
sus, -us; to make a — , navi exire; to forbid 
anyone a — , alqm navi egredi prohibere ; a — 
place, aditus, -is. landlord, n. agrorum 
possessor (= proprietor), caupo (— "mine host"). 
landmark, n. lapis, -idis, in. landscape, 
n. regio, terra; in painting, regio in, tabuld picta. 
landslip, u. terrae lapsus, -us. 

lane, n. angiportum (or -us, -us), = narrow 
street ; country lane, via, 

language, n. 1, = the faculty of speech, vox, 
oralio, lingua ; 2, =theactand manner of speak- 
ing, vox, lingua, oralio, dictio ; the — of common 
life, sermo cot(t)idianus (quot-); — of polite life, 
sermo urbanus ; to speak a — , alqd lingud uti or 
loqui. 

languid, adj. lo.nguidus, languens, rcmissus, 
lassus (= weary), fessus (= worn out), defessus (= 
worn down) ; to be — , languere ; tig. iners (= 
inactive), frigidus, languidus (of style). Adv. 
Inn guide, languidness or languor, n. 
languor, languish, v.intr. languere, langucs- 
cere; =to pine away, tabescire ; — in prison, in 
cnrcere vitam miserrimum trahere. 

lank, lanky, adj. prolixus, procerus (= 
tall), gracilis, tenuis (= thin), lankness, n. 
proceritas, gracilitas, tenuitas. 
' lantern, n. laterna (lanterna). 

lap, I. n. 1, gremium (= bosom), sinus, -its 
'(properly = a fold of the gown) ; 2, of a 
racecourse, spatium. II. v.tr. l,=to lick up, 
ligur(r)ire, lingerc; 2, =: to touch (as waves), 
Inmbere. lap-dog, n. catcllus. lappet, 11. 
htcinia. 

lapidary, u. scalptor. 

lapse, I. u. 1, lapsus, -us (= a gliding or 
fall); 2, flg. lapsus, -lis, error, peccatum; 3, = 
flight, expiry, t fuga; after the — of a year, 
interjecto anno. II. v.intr. 1, labi, defiuere ; 
2, errare (= to go wrong) ; 3, of property, cad- 
vcum fieri, reverti (ad dominum). 

larboard, adj. laevus ; see Left. 

larceny, n. furtum ; to commit — , furtum 
facere. 

lard, I. n. adeps, -ipis, m. and f., lar(i)dum. 
II. v.tr. alqd adipe ad coquendum parare. 
larder, n. armarium promptuarium, cella pen- 
arte, camarium (for keeping meat, Plaut.). 

large, adj. 1, = of great size or bulk, magnus, 
grandis, amplus; a — assembly, celeber conven- 
ts, -Us; 2, — of heart .(= liberal), largus (e.g. 
argus homo, largus animo or promissis). Adv. 
magnopere, large, large-hearted, adj. 1, 
^~ magnanimous, viagnanimus ; 2, = generous, 
Jiberaiis, benignus, benevolus. large-hearted- 
ness, n. 1, nmgnanimitas ; 2, tiberalitas, 
Vitignitas, cincvdentia. largeness, n. I, 



magnitude, amplitiuto, proceritas (= tallnuss), 
altitudo (= in height), ambitus, -us (= in girth), 
spatium (= iu surface); 2, fig. see Large- 
heaktedness. largess, n. largitio, congiar- 
iuin (of corn, oil, or money). 

lark, n. alauda. 

larynx, n. guttur, -iiris, n. 

lascivious, adj. lascivus (= playful), im> 
purus, impudicus, libidinosus. Adv: parum 
cask, impudice. lasciviousness, n. lascivia 
(= playfulness), impudicitia, libido. 

lash, I. n. 1, = a whip,;fa0ru?n, lorum(usn. in 
l>\.),jiagellum, scutica(= light—); 2, = a blow or 
stroke, verber, -iris, n. (huic- homini parata erunt 
verbera); — of the tongue, verbera linguae; — 
of fortune, verbera fortunae. II. v.tr. 1, fiagel- 
lare, verberare, virgd or virgU caedere; 2, = to 
bind, alligare, colligare; see Bind, Fasten. 
lashing, u. verbcralio. 

lassitude, n. lassitudo, languor, (detfatigatio. 

last, n. of a shoemaker, forma ; let the shoe- 
maker stick to his — , ne ultra cxepidam sutor. 

last, I. adj. tdtimus, extremus, postremtis, 
proximus, summus (= the highest), novissimus 
(= latest) ; when used of two, posterior, supe- 
rior ; to the — , ad ultimunv. il. n. by extre- 
mus (e.g. the — of the letter, epistula extrema) ; 
at — , (turn) demum, dr.iaque, ad extremum 
or postremum. III. v.intr. durare, (per)man- 
ere, stare, longum or diuturnum esse, last- 
ing, adj. firmus, solidus, duralurus, stabiUs, 
diuturnus, (pcr)mansurus, perennis; not — , fra- 
gilis (= frail), caducus(— falling), fiuxus. lastly, 
adv. postremo, postremum, ad extremum, denique, 
quod superest or restat or extremum est, novissimo 
(esp. in Quint.). ■ 

latch, n. pessulus (= bolt), latchet, n. 

corrigia. 

late, adj. 1, terus; I went away — , serus 
abii ; too — repentance, sera paenilenlia ; tardtut 
(= slow), serotinus (= — coming or growing, 
e.g. Hems, pira;jmlli) ; the — , defunctus, = 
mortuus, dints (of an emperor) ; — in the day, 
inulto die; — at night, multd nocte, or by neut. 
serum, used as u. (e.g. serum erat diet', it was — 
in the day) ; 2, = recent, recens, nomts, inferior 
(e.g. of a — age, inferioris aetatis). Adv. nuper, 
modo. lateness, n. use adj. 

latent, adj. occullus, abditus, absconditus, 
reconditus. 

lateral, adj. lateralis (ante and post class.), a 
latere. Adv. a latere. 

lath, n. (ijscr, -eris, ul, asserculus. 

lathe, n. tomus ; to work at the — , tornarc. 

lather, n. spuma e sapone facta. 

Latin, adj. Latinus ; the — tongue, lalinitas, 
oratio or lingua Latina, sermo Latinus ; to translate 
into — , alqd Latine reddere ; to know — , Latine 
scire, linguam Latinam calibre ; to be ignorant of 
— , Latitie nescire. latinlty, n. lalinitas. 

latitude, n. 1, = breadth, lalitudo ; in — , in 
latitudinem ; flg. —of speech, latiiudo verborum; 
2,= liberty, licentia; to have great — , latepattre. 

latter, adj. posterior ; the former, the — , hio 
. . . ille. Adv. see Latecy. 

lattice, n. cancelli, claihri. 

laud, I. n. laus. IL v.tr. alqm laudarc, 
extoUere; see Peaise. laudable, adj. lauda- 
bills, laudatus, lauda dlpnus. Adv. lauddbUiter, 
lauddbiliinmodo. laudatory, adj. honorificus. 

laugh, laughing, or laughter, I. n. 

risus, -Us; immoderate —> l cachinnatio ; ahorse 
■n-, cachinnus ; a. -*• at, irrisus, -us, dtrisus, -us ; 
a. — fo score, derisys ; a- — -stock, l%dibrium : 



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752 



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to be a — stock, esse alci ludibrio. II. v.intr. 
ridere; to — at, arridcre (= to smile upon in a 
friendly way, e.g. non alloqui arnicas, vix notis 
familiariter arridtre) ; alqm deride re, irridere; — 
to Imrst into — , cachinnare, cachinvari. laugh- 
able, adj. ridiculus, ridendus. Adv. ridicule. 
laughter, n. see Laugh, I. 

launch, v.tr. 1, navem deducere ; 2,= to hurl, 
torquere ; to — out, in aequor efferri; to — out 
in praise of, alqm ejferre laudibus. 

laundress, n. mulier quae Untea lacat. 
laundry, n. aedificium quo Untea lavantur. ■ 

laurel, n. lourus (-iand-ils), f. ; belonging to 
— , laitreit s; fig.gloria, laus, hcnos(= honour) ; de- 
corated with — , laurcatus ; to strive for — s, 
gloriac cupidum esse ; to win new — s in war, glo- 
riam bello auqere, laurelled, adj. laurcatus. 

lava, n. vuissc ardens, saxa liqiiefacta, pi. 

lave, v.tr. lavare (= to wash), abluere (= to 
wash olf), irrigarc. lavatory, n. ba!(i)neum 
(= bath), laver, n. aqualis, in. and f. (ante 
class.), pclris (Plin.). 

lavish, I. adj. prodigus (e.g. aeris), profusus 
(e.g. profusissima largitio), in largitione effusus ; 
a — giver, largitor. Adv. large, prodige, effuse, 
profuse. II. v.tr. profundire, effiindere, largiri. 
lavishness, n. effusio (= prodigality), Inrgi- 
tas, munificentia ; see Libekality. 

law, n. lex, regula(= arule), norma (= a stand- 
ard) ; body of — s, jus (e.g. jus civile, = civil 
— ); a — , lex, edictum, institutum; lex is also 
used in a wider sense, as is our " law," e.g. versi- 
bus est certalex, hanc ad legem formanda est oratio 
(= to or by this model); a divine — , fas ; a — 
of nature, lex naturae, lawbreaker, n. legis 
violator, lawful, adj. legitimus (= according 
to — ); legalis (Quint.) (e.g. ^v;rs civitatis, 
vita, = conformable to — ). Adv. legitime, leae, 
per leges, lawfulness, n. use adj. law- 
giver, l). see Legislator, lawless, adj. 
effrenalus. Adv. effrenate, licenter, contra legem, 
praelerjus. lawlessness, n. (effrcnata) licen- 
tia. lawsuit, d. lis, litis, f., controvsrsia-. 
lawyer, D. jurisconsullus, jwris j>eritvs ; see 
Advocate. 

lawn, D. 1, = fine linen, sindon ; see Linen ; 
2, = grass plat, pratulvm or nerbn (= grass). 

lax, adj. 1, = loose, laxus, ftuxus ; 2, med. 
t.t. solutus, liquidus (e.g. alius liquid/:, — bowels, 
Cels.) ; 3, fig. (dis)solutus, remissus, laxus, neg- 
legens (neglig-). Adv. fig. (dis)solute, remisse, laxe, 
neglegenter (neglig-). laxness, laxity, n. negle- 
gentia (neglig-, — carelessness) ; — of spirit, re- 
missio animi ac dissolutio, or adj. 

lay, adj. see Laic. 

lay, n. see Sono. 

lay, v.tr. 1, = to place, )wncre, (cnl)locare ; 2, 
fig. — the foundations, fundamenta jactre ; — an 
ambush, insidiari, insidias collorare, faccre, 
ponh-e, struere, parare, tendtre aid; — siege, 
obsidcre ; — a wager, sponsinnc provocare or laces- 
sirej — a plan, consilium or raHone.m inire or 
cape re ; — hands on, manus aid inferre; — 
waste, vostare : S, — — eggs, (ova) parere ; — 
aside, ab(j)ice>e, (se)ponire; — before, alqd 
alci proponire; — oneself open to, alqd in 
se admittere: — down, = to put down, (de> 
ponire :. — down an office, magistrate abiri, 
se ah'Hcare; — down arms, ab armis discedhr. ; 
— down a proposition, senientiam dicere, alqd 
affirmare, confirmnre ; see State ; — nut money, 
sceSPEST); — outacorpse, mortuum lnmre(= to 
wash), alci omnia justa solvere would include the 
laying out ; — up, condire, reponere ; see 
Store ; — commands, blame, etc., upon, see 
Command, Blame, etc. layer, p. 1, in build- 



ing, etc., corium (of lime, etc.) ordo (= row); 
2, of a plant, propago. 
lazar, n. see Leper. 

lazy, adj. piyer, ignauus, segnis, iners, otiusus 
(= having leisure). Adv. pigre, ignave, segnitcr, 
otiose, laziness, n. ignavia, segnitia, pigritia. 

lead, I. v.tr. 1, ducrre, ugere ; — an army, ex- 
ercitum ducere, crercitui praces$e(= to command); 

— the way, al«i pracire(= to go before) ; 2, fig. = 
to pass, — a life, vitam agf.re ; = to induce, alqm ad 
alqd faciendum or at alqd facial, adducere ; in bad 
sense, induccre ; see Persuade ; 3, with omission 
of object, e.g. the road — s, via fert ; the matter 
— s to, etc., res spectat; see Tend; — away, 
abducere, seducire; — into, inducere ; — out, 
educere; — a colony, coloniam deducere. II. 
n. or leadership, ductus, -us ; under your 
— , te duce. leader, n. dux, duels, in. (lit. 
and tig.), auctor, princeps, -ids, m. and f. (fig.). 
leading, adj. princtps, primaries (of men), 
summits (of men and things) ; see Ci: :f. lead- 
ing-strings, n. alci obtempcrare (tanquam 
puer). 

lead, n. plumbum ; of — ,plumbeus. leaden, 
adj. plumbeus. 

leaf, n. of a tree, folium, frons ; a — of paper, 
scheda (sc(h)ida), jxigina, churta ; of metal, wood, 
etc., bractea, lamina. leaflets, adj. foliis 
carens or nudatus. leafy, adj. +frondosus, 
t frondeus, ifrondifer. 

league, I. n. foedus, -eris, n. (= treaty), pac- 
tum^ agreement), socittas(= alliance or union). 
II. v.tr. foedus cum alqo inire. 

league, n. tria mi l(l)ia passu urn. 

leak, n. rima; to spring a — , rimas agere. 
leakage, n. rima. leaky, adj. rimosus, 
rlmarum pleivus; ships that have become — , 
quassatae naves. 

lean, I. adj. maccr (opp. pinguis), macilentus 
(ante and post class.) ; strigosns (of horses, etc.) ; 
see Thin. II. v.intr. niti ; — on, (in)niti; in- 
haer?re (= to adhere to), pendere (= to h;uig 
from), confugere or sese conferre ad alcjs praesidia 
(= to seek support with), fuloirl re (= to deperid 
on or be supported by), ad alqd acclinare (= to 
■— towards), se applicare, in alqd or alci rei in- 
cumbere ; to — backward, se reclinare ; to — to 
(iD opinion), sententiae favere. leaning, adj. 

— on, innixus ; — towards, i acclinis ; — back- 
wards, t reclinis ; — against or on, incumbens. 
leanness, n. macies. 

leap, I. n. saltus, -us; to take a — , so.lire ; by 
— s, per saltus, saltuatim. II. v.intr. salire; — 
back, resilire ; — down, desilire ; — forward, pro- 
silire ; — for joy, gestire, ex[s)u!tare ; — on horse- 
back, in equum insilire ; — over, tran{s)silire. 
leaping, n. saltus, -us. leapfrog, n. (jmeri) 
alius alium transitu, leap-year, n. annus 
iiitercalaris, annus bisextus (late). 

learn, v.tr. 1, discere, ediscere (by heart), 
memoriae mandare(= to commit to memory), per- 
discere (thoroughly) ; word for word, ad verbum 
ediscere ; — something more, addiscere ; 2, = 
to hear, discere, cognosclre (esp. by inquiry), cer- 
tiortm fieri, audii-c. learned, adj. doctns, 
a udUu$, lit(t)exatus. Adv. docte, erudite, Ulcer- 
ate, learner, n. discipulus. learning, n. 
doctrina, eruditio. 

lease, I. n. conductio. II. v.tr., to hire on 
— , conducere ; to let on — , locare. 

leash, n. lorum (= a strip of leather); — 
of hounds, tret ronw. 

least, I. adj. minimus; see Little. 11^ 
adv. minimi' ; at — , saltern, certe, (at)tamen ; not 
in the — , nihil gmnino, ne minimum quidem. ' l 



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763 



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leather, I. n. corium (= the hide) ; aluta 
(tanned). II. adj. scorteus. 

leave, n. concessio (= yielding), pcrmissio 
(= permission), potestas (= authority), copla (= 
allowiinue', -venia (= favour), arbitrium (•— free- 
do »i ofa<;tion); to give — , potestatem alci facere ; 
with your — , -pace, tud ; against — , me invito ; 

— to say, sit venia verbo ; I have — , mihi licet ; 
through you, per te; give nie — to clear myself, 
sine me expurgenu 

leave, I. n. = departure, by verb, to take — , 
salvere ulipn jubere; see Farewell. II. v.tr. 
1, := to desert, abandon, {de)relinquire, deserere, 
dcAituire; 2, — property, relinquere, legate; 
see Bequeath ; 3,= to depai-t from, (ex) alqo loco 
(ex)cedere, discedere, proficisci, egredi, digtedi ; 

— a province on expiration of office, (de or ex) 
procinciddecedere; — behind, relinquere; — off, 
(dqd omittcre, desinere with infill., desistcre cdqd 
re or infin. ; — out, omittcre, praetermittcte. 
leavings, u. quae reliqua sunt. 

leaven, I. n. fermentum; bread without 
— , or unleavened, panis nullo fermento or 
sine ferme.nto coctus. II. v.tr. fermentare ; panis 
fermentatus, = leavened bread (Plin.). 

lecture, I. n. schola (= disputation), oratio 
(= address), sermo (= speech). II. v.tr. 1, 
scholum habere de alqd re; 2, rig. see Reprove. 
lecturer, n. qui scholas habet. lecture- 
room, n. schola, 

ledge, n. projectura; — of rocks, dorsum., 

ledger, n. codex accepti el expensi. 

lee, n. (of a ship), navis latus a vento 
tul it m. 

leech, n. 1, see Doctor ; 2, = blood- 
sucker, hirudo, sanguisuga (Plin.). 

leek, n. porrum and porrus (of two kinds, 
one called capitatum the other sectivum, also 
sectilis). 

leer, v.intr. oculis limis intueri, limis oculis 
a(d)spiclre or limis (oculis) spec-tare, leering, 
adj. limvs. Adv. limis oculis. 

lees, d. faex (= dregs of wine ; so faex 
populi). 

leet, d. as in court-leet, curia. 

left, adj. rel(l)iquus; to be — , restate; see 
Leave. 

left, adj. sinister, laevus ; the — hand, sinis- 
tra (i.e., maiius) ; on the — , a sinistra, ad laevam. 
left-handed, adj. qui manu sinisttd pro 
dextrd utitur. 

leg, n. crus, cruris, n. ; — of mutton, caro 
ovilla; — of a table, pes mensae. leggings, 
n. ocreae. 

legacy, n. legcdum; to make a—, alci legate 
alqd. 

legal, adj. legitimus, quod ex lege or legibus 
or secundum leges fit. Adv. legitime, lege. 
legality, n. quod ex lege fit. legalize, 
v.tr. legions coustituere, sancire ut,fcrrc, ut alqd 
fiat (= to propose a law). 

legate, n. legatus, nuntius. legation, n. 

legatio. 

legend, n. on coin, insctiptio, titulus; = 
history of a saint, vita hominis sancti, res ab 
homine sancto gesta ; — fable, fabula. legen- 
ds "y> au J- eommenticius, fictus, fabulosus, films 
(= untrue). 

legerdemain, n. ors praestigiutoria; — 

tricks, ptaestigiae (ante and post class.). 

legible, adj. quod facile leg i potest. Adv. by 
legibility, n. quod facile legi potest. 

legion, n. legio ; legionary, legionarim 



(e.g. cohors, miles); fig. ingens numerus, magna 
vis. legionary, adj. legionatius. 

legislate, v.intr. leges date, constitute, con- 
dire, sctibere ; see also Law. legislation, n. 
legis (legum) datio, legis latio( = proposal of a 
law) ; so by circuml. leges date, leges condete ; see 
Law. legislator, n. legis or legum lalor. 
legislative, adj. — body, senatus, -is. legis- 
lature, n. comitia, -or urn (cent-utiata, tributa, 
etc.), senatus, -us. 

leisure, n. otium (opp. negotium, that Is, 
nee and otium); to be ut — , otiari, vacare, 
cessare; at — , otiosus, vacuus; not at — , occu- 
patus ; — time, tempus subsicivus (subsec-\ 
leisurely, adj. lentus, otiosus; see Slow. 
Adv. otiose. • 

lend, v.tr. 1, mutuum date, commodate alci 
alqd; — on interest, fenetati, (fenote) occupate, 
(col)locare ; 2, fig. date, ptaebete. 

length, n. longitudo ; = extension in height, 
proceritas ; — in time, long inquitas, diututnitas ; 

— of the way, longinquilas viae; in — , per 
longitudincm ; — of time, in longinquum, diu ; 
to run all — s, extrema audete ; at — , tandem, 
denique, turn (tunc) demum ; — fully, copiose, fuse. 
length-Wlse,adv. in longitudinem. lengthy, 
adj. — in words, verbosus, longus : not to be 
— , «e in re multus aim. lengthen, v.tr. 
alqd longius faccre, ptoducete; — in time, pro- 
rogare ; — for payment, diem ad solvendum pro- 
rogate; — the war, bellum ptotogare ; ■ — the 
service, militiam continuate ; — a feast, convi- 
uium ptoducete. 

lenient, adj. mitis, clemens, mueticors. 
Adv. elementer. loniency, n. dementia, leni- 

tas, misericordia, 

lens, n. * vittum knticulari forma (in no 
sense class.). 
lentil, n. lens, -nlis, (., lentiada (Cels.). 
leonine, adj. leoninus. 
leopard, n. leopardus (very late). 

leprosy, n. lepra (usu. in pi., Plin.). leper, 
u. homo leprosus (late,. 

less, I. adj. minot. II. adv. minvs ; see 
Little, lessen, v.tr. (de)minucre, imminulre. 
lessening, n. deminutio, imminutio. 

lessee, n. conductor. 

lesson, n. 1, discenda ( = things to be 
learned; if by heart, ediscenda) ; dictated — s, 
dictata, -orum ; to take — s of anyone, audire 
magistrum ; 2, lig. praeceptum, monitum, docu- 
mentum (= proof). 

lest, conj. ne with subj. 

let, v.tr. = to hinder ; see Hinder. 

let, v.intr. 1, = to cause or make ; I will — you 
know, te certiorem faciam (also by monere) 
Xenophon — s Socrates say, Xenophon Soctatem 
disputantcm facit ; 2, =to command, jubete, cu- 
rate, alci negotium date ; 3, = as a sign of the ini 
perative, — us go, eamus ; 4, iu various phrases 
e.g. to — blood, sunguinem mittete ; to — go, 
missum facere, mittere, dimittire ; — alone, — 
that alone, or be quiet, missa isthaec far.; — 
down, demittere; — fly, = shoot, jacnlari, telvm 
in qlqm jacere; — loose, emittere ; — in, admit- 
ten ; — off, absolverc, ss absolve ; pila {cjmittere, 
tela co>i(j)icire, = discharge weapons ; — into 
your secrets, secreta consilia alci impertire ; — 
slip, omiltete, praetermittere ; — an opportunity, 
facultutcm alqd agendi omiltete; — that pass, ut 
ista omittamus; 5, = to allow, sinere ace. and 
infin. or ut, pati ace. and infin., concedire infin., 
pennittetc alci ut or infin. ; — not, cave ne (e.g. 

— hi in not go out, cave ne exeat); iny business 



let 



~6i 



lif 



will not — me, per negotium mihi non licet; 6, 
'=■ to lend or give the use of ; see Lease. 

lethal, adj. mortifer, exitialis, eritiabilis, 
fun est us. 

lethargic, adj. veternosus, torpidus. leth- 
argy, n. torpor (Tac), vcturnus. 

letter, n. 1, (of tho alphabet) Ul'ty.ra ; 
capital — , lit(t)era grandis ; — s of the alphabet, 
lit(t)erarum notae; to the — , ad rerbum, ad 
lit(r)cmm ; the — of the law, verba legis ; to hold 
to the — , scriptum sequi ; 2, = an epistle, lit- 
(t)crae, cpistula (epistola); by — , lit(t)cris, per 
lit(tyras. letter-carrier, n. tabdlarius, qui 
lit{t)eras perfert. letters, n. = learning, doc- 
trina, eruditio, hnmanitas, lit{t)erae; a man of 
— , homo doctus, eruditus, lit(t)eratus, doctrind 
oriiatissimus. lettered, adj. lit(t)cratus. 

lettuce, n. lactuca. 

levant, n. oriens, solis ortus, -iis. 

levee, n. salutatia. 

level, I. 'adj. aeqvus, planus, comb, aequus et 
planus, Ubratus (= balanced). II. n. aeqnum 
(e.g. in aequum descendere), planities; to be on 
a — with, pari esse conditions cum alqo, parem 
or aequo r cm esse alci. III. v.tr. 1, acqvare, 
coaequare, exaequare, complanare (e.g. U.rram); 
2, = to destroy, solo urbem aequare ; — to the 
ground, diruere, evertere, sternere; see Raze. 

lever, n. veciis, -is, m. 
leveret, n. lepusculus. 
levity, n. 1,= lightness, Uvitas; 2, = in 
character, inconstantia, Uvitas (with hominis, 
animi, opinionis); = jesting, jocus, jocatio. 

levy, I. v.tr., — soldiers, milites scribere,milites 
conscribire ; — tribute, tributnm imjxinere, vecti- 
gal exigire, II. n. delectus, -us ; to make a — , 
delectum habere or agere ; sec Enlist. 

lewd, adj. impudicus, incestils, impurus. 
Ad\\ incaste, impure, lewdness, n. imptudi- 
titia, impuritas, libidines, -urn, pi. f. 
lexicon, n. * lexicon, * onomasticon. 
liable, ndj. ohnoxius (e.g. irae, bcllo) ; to be 
— , endrre in (e.g. cadit ergo in bonum hominem 
mentiri ? Cic). liability, n. use adj. 

libation, n. libatio, librnnentum, libamen ; 
to make a — , libo.re. 

libel, I. n. libellus famosus, en men famosum 
(in verse). II. v.tr. llbcllum ad in/amiam alcjs 
cdere. libellous, adj. famosus, probrosus. 
■ liberal, adj. liberalis, largus, munificus, be- 
nignus, beneficus; too — , prodigus, profusv.s ; 
the — arts, artes liberates, artes ingenuae. Adv. 
liberaliter, large, comb, large, et liberaliter, viuni- 
fee, benigne, p'rodigc, profuse; to give — , largiri. 
liberality, n. liberalitas, muniftcentia, largi- 
tas, beneficeutia, benignitas ; of thought, etc., 
animus ingenuus, liberalis. 

liberate, v.tr. liberare ; to — a slave, menu- 
mittire; see Deliver, liberator, n. liberator 
(e.g. patriae), vindex. liberation, n. liberatio ; 
= of a slave, monumissio. 

libertine, n. homo dissolutus. libertin- 
ism, n. licentia morum, mores dissoluli. 

liberty, n. libertas; too much — , licentia; 
= leave, copia, potestas; — of will, arbitrium, 
V.berwm arbitrium; at — , liber; you are at — to 
do it, nihil impedit rpwminvs facias, cUqd facire 
I'M licet or integrum, est. 

library, n. bibliotheca ; a considerable — , 
bont librorum copia. - librarian, n., to be a 
— , bibliothecae praeesse.' 

libration, n. UbraHo. 
I license, L b. = permission, copia, pokstis; 



= liberty, licentia (also in bad sense, licentia 
Sullani temporis ; licentia militum; magna gla- 
diatorum est licentia). II. v.tr. ulqm privi- 
legio munire. licentious, adj. dissolutus, 
libidinosus (lub-). Adv. per licentiam, dissolute. 
licentiousness, n. libido, libidines, vita dis- 
soluta ; see Lewd. 

lick, v.tr. Ungere, lambcre; to — up, ligur- 
<r)ire. 
lickerish, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus. 
licorice, n. glycyrrhiza, -ae, f., dvlcis radix 
(Plin.). 
lid, n. operculum, opcrimentum. 
lie, I. n. mendacium, commentum, falsum ; to 
tell a — , mendacium diccre alci de alqd re; to 
give a person the — , mendacii alqm coargucre. 
II. v.intr. mentiri. liar, n. (homo) mendax, 
homo fallax, falsiloquus (Flaut.). 

lie, v.intr. = to be in a certain place or position, 
jacere (e.g. jacerehumi, to lie or be on the ground ; 
so jaclre in gramine, jacere ad alcjs pedes, jacere 
sub arbore, jacere per vias) ; cubare (in bed, etc.) ; 
situm esse, posiium esse; as far as — s iu me, 
quantum est in vie (re, vobis, etc.), pro riribus 
meis(tuis, etcO ; to — in, puerperio cubare (of 
childbirth (Plaut.)); parturire; to — in this, 
contineri re, situm esse, x-ersari, Cemi in re; 
on whom does it —"! per quern stat? where — s 
the hindrance? quid impedit? to — between, 
interjacere ; with accus. or with dat. ; — in 
wait, alci insidiari ; — down, procumbere, de- 
cumbcre, quieti se dare; — hid, latere; — still, 
quiescere ; — under an obligation, alci gralid de- 
vinctum esse. 

lief, adj. e.g. I had as — , malim; — die as 

endure it, mortuum me qua.m ut id patiar malim. 

liege, adj. imperio or dicione alcjs subjectus, 

or parens, obnoxius alci; to be — , esse in alcjs 

dicione, parere alci. 

lieu, n. in — of, pro, loco, vice, lieutenant, 
n. in gen. legatus ; in the army, perhaps ceii- 
turio (infantry), and praefectus (cavalry) ; the 
lord-lieutenant of a country, praefectus pro* 
vinciae. 

life, n. 1, vita, anima, spiritus, -iis ; physical 
— , vita quae corpore et spiritu continetur ; in my 
— , dum vivo; to have — , vivcre, in vitd esse ; to 
come to — , nasci, in lucem edi; to put an end 
to — , mortem sibi consciscere ; to take away — , 
vUam alci udimere; to give — , procreare, parere 
alqm ; to call into — , gignere, procreare, jacere, 
efflcere; he can scarcely sustain — , vi.e hdbei 
unde vivat ; as to the manner in which men live, 
mode of — , rictus, -iis; in public duty, in re- 
publico, gerendd ; private — , vita cot(t)idiana 
(qitot-); early — , iniens aetas; the prime of — , 
bona or constans aetas; (as a word of affec- 
tion), mea vita! mea lux! while there is — 
there is hope, aegroto dum anima est spes est; 
to restore to — , ad vitam revocare or redu- 
cere, e mortuis excitare ; to come to — again, 
revivisoire ; to venture your — , capitis pericu- 
lum adire; to cost a person his — , morte stare ; 
to try a person for his — , de capile quaerere ; to 
lead a — , vivere, vitam agere; to flee for one's 
— , fugd salutem petere ; to lose — , perire, vitam 
perdere ; if I could without losing my — , si salvo 
capite potuissem; to depart this — , diem obire 
supremum; all one's — , per totam vitam; loss 
of — by law, ultimum supplicium, ; to the — , 
ad vivum; full of—, vividvs, vegetus, alacer ; 
tc put — into, alci animvm, facire or adders ; 2, 
fig., 6ee Vicour ; in oratory, sucus, comb, sucus 
et sanguis ; 3, = the reality (e.g. paint from the 
--), ipse with the noun mentioned ; 4, = time, 
'tetas, tempora -urn (e.g. this — , haec aetas). 
life-blood, a. 1, sanrjiiis, -itfn-is, m. ; 2, fig-. 



lif 



755 



lin 



see Life, life-boat, n. scapha ud naufragos 
' excipiendos facta, life-guards, n. milites or 
cohortes praetoriani (of the emperor), life- 
less, adj. 1, exanimis, exanimus, inanimus 
(opp. animatus, animaus) ; 2, frigidus, ex- 
■ sanguis, exilis, aridus, comb, aridus et exsan- 
yuis, jejunus(a\l of speech). Adv. fig., languide, 
frigide, exilUer, comb, frigide et exiliter (of 
speech) ; jejune, comb, jejune et exiliter. life- 
. time, n. aetas, fatvum. lively, adj., liveli- 
ness, ii., livelihood, n., see Live. 

lift, I. v.tr. (at)tollere, extollere, (sub)Uvare ; 

— upright, erigere ; he — s his hands to heaven, 
manus ad sidera tollit ; — ed up, levatus, alievalus, 
arrectus; — with pride, etc., superbkt, rebus 
secundis, etc., elatus. II, n., use verb. 

ligament, n. ligamentum (Tac). liga- 
ture, n. licfatura (late). 

light, I. n. = luminous matter, or the result 
of (as daylight), lumen, lux ; with the — , cum 
prima, luce, die illucesceute, sub lucis ortum ; the 

— of the eyes, lumlna (oculorum) ; — of a pre- 
cious stone, lux gemmae ; to give -r-, lucem edere, 
fundere; to see the — of day (or be born), in 
lucem edi or suscipi, nasci ; to come to — , in 
lucem prof erri, protrahi, deUgi, patefieri (— to be 
uncovered, made manifest); to bring to — , in 
lucem proferre, prolrahere, aperire, patefacere, 
detegere ; to stand in or intercept a person's — , 
(lit.) alcjs luminibus officere, obstruere, (fig.) alci 
officere, obesse; to stand in your own — , sibi or 
utilitati suae or commodis suis male consulfre, 
sibi deesse ; to place in an odious — , alqd in in- 
vidiam adducere, in summam invid. adduc, alci 
rei ad(j)icere invidiam; to see in a false — , alqd 
fallaci judicio videre ;- = lamp, lumen (in gen.), 
lucerna (espec. = a lamp), candela (= a taper 
or torch of wax, tallow, etc.), cereus (= a wax 
taper or torch) ; to light a — , lumen, lucemam, 
canddam accen'dere ; to write or work by — , ad 
lucemam (cum lucemd) scribere, alqd lucubrare or 
elucubrari (e.g. epistidam) ; to study by — , lucub- 
rare; a study by — , lucubratio. II. adj. as 
opposed, to what is dark, cla'rus (= light in 
itself), illustris, lucidus (= light-spreading), lu- 
minosity, albidus(— white), candidus(= dazzling), 
pellucidus (— shining through). IIL v.tr. 1, = 
to set light to, alqd accendere ; 2, =to fill with 
light, illustrure, collustrare. lighten, I. v.intr. 
fulgcre, fulgurare (usu. impers. fidget, fulgurat).' 
II. v.tr. see Light, III. 2. lighthouse, 
n. ji/iunts (pharos), lightning, n. fulmen, 
fulgur. 

light, adj. as opposed to heavy, levis (opp. 
gravis); — soil, solum tenue; = inconsiderable, 
levis (opp. gravis, weighty), parvus(or>p.magnus); 

— pain, dolor levis or parvus ( = slight); — 
armed infantry, equites levis armaturae ; — 
troops, milites levis armaturae or merely levis 
armaturae, milites leves, velites (as a regular part 
of the Roman army, early called rorarii), milites 
expediti (= all soldiers who have laid aside their 
kit, consequently we find expediti levis arma- 
turae); — clad or armed, expeditus, nudus (=one 
who has laid aside his overcoat) ; a — foot-sold- 
ier, pedes expeditus ; — of foot, velox(opp. tardus), 
pernix (= nimble) ; he is very — of foot, incut 
in eo praecipua pedum pernicitas; — of colour, 
pallidus ; see Pale ; — hearted, hilaris, curis 
vacuus, curis liber solutusque animus; it is some- 
thing — (= trivial), nihil est negotii; — minded, 
livis, vanus. Adv. leviter (lit- and fig.), temere, 
inconsulte(inconsulto)(=z without consideration) ; 
to think — of anything, alqd non rnagni facere. 
lighten, v.tr.' lit. exonerare (not in Cic. or 
Cae.s.1 jactu ram facere (of a,ship). lightness, 
».■ Kt-itas (lit. and fig.), lightsome, adj. hilaris, 



alacer ( = cheerful), lightsomeness, n. 

laetitia, hilaritas; see Gay. 

like, I. adj. = similar, similis, consimilis, witli 
gen. or dat., jwr,dat. ; tiistar (indecl., n.), gen. ; 
to make — , ad similitudinem rei fingere ; he is 
no longer — what he was, prorsus alius estfactus 
acfuit antea ; that is — him, hoc dignum est illo. 
II, adv. similiter, simiii modo with ul atque (ac), 
modo, instar, ritu with gen. (ad instar, post 
class.) ; see As. III. v.tr. amare, diligcre, 
carum habere alqm, delectari alqd re ; I — that, 
hoc arridct or cordi est or datum or aeceptum est 
mild, libet mihi; I do not — that, hoc displicet 
mihi (with infill, following) ; I — it well, mag- 
nopere probo ; if you — , si isthuc tibi placet ; as 
you — , arbitrate tuo. like-minded, adj. 
consors, congruens, conveniens, comenianeus. 
likely, adj. veri similis (often written as one 
word, sometimes similis veri), probabilis ; it is 
— that, veri simile est, with accus. and iufln. 
likelihood, n. veri similitude (also in one 
word, or similitudo veri), probabilitas. liken, 
v.tr. alqd alci rei or cum dtqa re comparare ; see 
Compare, likeness, n. 1, = resemblance, 
similitudo, or by adj. ; see Like ; 2, = portrait, 
effigies, imago ; painted — , picta imago, liking', 
n. amor, voluptas ( = pleasure) ; libido ; to one's 
— , gratus, acceptus, jucundus. ' likewise, 
adv. item, itidem, et, or by idem; see Also. 

," liliputian, adj. see Little, Insignificant. 

lily, n. lilium; of or from a — , lilaccus. 

limb, n. membrum, artus, -uum (= a mem- 
ber). 

limber, adj. flexibilis, mollis, lentus. 

lime or limestone, I. n. calx, -cis, f. and 
(rarely) in. ; to burn — ,'caicem coquere ; quick- 
— , calx viva ; slaked — ', calx ex(s)tincta ; bird — , 
viscum. II. v.tr. = to smear with bird—, visco 
illinere. lime-burner, n. calcarius. lime- 
kiln, u. (fornax)c(dcaria. limed, adj. viscatus. 

lime-tree, n. tilia. 

■ limit, I. n. terminus, finis, -is, in., limes, 
•itis,. m., circiumscriptio. II. v.tr. finire, 
limitare ( = to separate by a boundary-stone or 
line, thus limitati. agri), terminare ( = to put 
an end to), eertisr limitibus or terminis'cireum- 
scribere. limitation or limiting, n. deter- 
minatio, circumscriplio, definitio, limitatio ; 
= exception, exceptio. limited, adj. 1, = 
short, brevis ; see Brief ; 2, fig. a — monarchy, 
condiciones regiae potcstati impositae, or po- 
testas certis cond. circumscripta, limitless, 
adj. immensus, infinitus. 

limn, v.tr. see Paint. 

limp, adj. languidus,flaccus,ftaccidus. limp- 
ness, u. languor. 

limp, v.intr. claudicare, claudumesse ( = to 
be lame) ; see Lame. 

limpet, n. lepas. 

limpid, adj. limpidus (rue), pellucidus; see 
Transparent. 

linch-pin, n, axis fibula. 

linden-tree, n. tilia. 

line, I. d. 1, linea ; a straight -•-, recta linca ; 
curved — , eurva linea ; the — of the circle, linea 
circumcurrens ; to draw a — , lineam ducire or 
scribere; 2, a boundary — , finis, m. and f . ; 3, — 
(in poetry), versus, -us, versiculus ; in letters, to 
write a few — s in reply, pauca rescribere; 4, of 
soldiers, aci-es (in battle), agmen (on the march) ; 
thefront— ,primaacies,hdstdti,principia Aorum; 
the second — ,- principal, -um ,- the third f-. ' rl ""- 
arii; — of skirmishers, velites; to adyance ; in 
equal — , wmi/lftontt prccedlie ; a soldier of the 
— , (mtiUs) legiondrius ; to draw up tie arroy' in 



-in 



106 



liv 



three — s, aciem triplicem instruere ; 5, in the 
father's — , a patre ; in the mother's — , a viatrc ; 
to be connected with one in the direct — , ar- 
tissimo gradu. conlingirc alqm ; 6, (in fortifica- 
tion), fossa (= trench), vallvm, (= entrenchment), 
opus,-ert8,ti.,miHiitio(=fortiflcation), agger, -errs, 
m. ( = mound); 7, =&tMnTa\K,funU,fiinvcuIus, 
lines; a carpenter's — ,amussis, -is, in., tinea ; a 
chalked — , linea creUi descripta ; a lishing — , linea; 
a plumb ■ — , perpendiculum ; by — , ad amussim, 
e.mmussim (ante and post class. ). II. v.tr. 1, — 
a dress, perhaps vesti, alqd assuere ; 2, = to fill, 
complere. lineal, adj. better not expressed, 
(e.g. a — descendant, units e posteris alcjs). 
lineage, n. stirps, -is, {., genus, -oris, n., origo, 
progenies, lineament, n. used generally in 
the pi., as in Euglish, lineamenta (similitudo oris 
vultusque v.1 lineamenta, Liv.), but applied to 
the mind (e.g. animi lineamenta sunt pulchriora 
mam cor}x>ris) ; see Feature, linear, adj. 
linearis (Plin.). 

linen, n. as the material, linum (Aipor, 

flax ; linum tarn factum quam infectum, quodque. 

netum quodque in teld est, Cic), linteum, lintea, 

-orum, n. (properly of — , i.e. — cloth, e.g. lintea, 

. vestis, vela) ; clad in — , linteatus. 

linger, v.intr. cessare, morari, contari(cunct-); 
he — s (i.e. dies slowly), perhaps paul(l)atim 
moritur. lingerer, n. cessator, contator (cunct-). 
lingering, I. n. cessatio, contatio (cunct-), 
mora. II. adj. tardus, lentils, contabundus 
(cunct-) (of people) ; a — death, tabes, -is, f. (= 
consumption), perhaps tarda mors, -tis, f. ; see 
Slow. Adv. tarde, contanter (cunct-), lente; see 
Slowly. 
— linguist, n. fcomo multaruvi linguarum 
sciens. linguistic, adj. grammoticus or de 
ratione linguarum. 

liniment, n. ungueutum. 

link, I. n. 1, = torch, fax, taeda, funah ; 2, 
= bond, vinculum, conjunctio, socktas, familia- 
rilas (of friendship), offinitas (by marriage), 
necessitudo (any close tie); 3, of a chain, an- 
nulus (Mart.). II. v.tr. conjungere, (con)(.n)ec- 
tire; see Ukite. 

lint, n. linamentum (Cels.) . 

lintel, n. limen (superum or superius). 

lion, n. 1, leo ; of a — , leoninus; a— 's skin, 
pcllis leonina ; . — 's claw, unguis leoninus; 2, 
fig. (e.g. the — of the season) deliciae, -urn. 
lion-hearted, adj. magnanimus. lioneBS, n. 
Iraena. 

lip, n. labrum ; the upper — , labrum supe- 
rius; the lower — , labrum inferius ; primorihus 
labris (=the tip of the — s) gustasse = to get. a 
taste of; labeUum (esp. in endearing sense), lab- 
ium (rare), lip-salve, u. unguentum. lip- 
service, n. see Flattery, lip-wisdom, n. 
verbo tenus sapxentin. 

liquid, I. adj. liauidus, fiuens; to grow — , 
Uquescere, liqueficri ; to make — , liquefarerr. II. 
n. liquor, humor, + latex, sucus (=juire). liqui- 
date, v.tr. see Pay. liquefy, v.tr. Uquefa- 
cere, liquor, n. see Liquid, II. 

lisp, v.intr. balbutire (— to stammer). 

list, u. = catalogue, tabula, index (Quint.). 

list, v.tr. see Wish, Desire, Please. 

listen, v.intr. see Hear, listener, n. 
auscultator. 

listless, adj. sonars, dtses, languidus, piger. 
Adv. torpide, stupide, languide. listlessness, 
n. torpor \1ao.), socordia, desidia. 

lists, n. campus, hippodromus, spatia, -orum; 
to enter the — against (fig.), cum alqo con- 
tender*. 



litany, n. *Utania (Eccl.), or preces, -vm, 
f. ( = prayers) 

literal, adj. to employ a word in its — sense, 
rcrbum proprie dicere ; a — translator, ad verbum 
interpres; the — sense, propria, v is. Adv. lit{t era- 
tiw, proprie, ad lit(t)eram. ad verbum. literary, 
adj. lit(t)eratvs ( = lettered or learned), lU(t)e- 
rarum ttudiotus ; — leisure, otium lit t)cra- 
tum ; — monuments, lit(t)crarum monumenta. 
literature, n. lit(t)erae, lit(t)erarnm monumen- 
ta, -orum; to entrust to the care of — , lit(t)eris 
mandare or coiisignare ; to learn from — , Ut(t)erU 
percijvre ; we have no history in our — , abest 
historia lit(t)eris nostris ; the study of— , lit(t)e- 
rarum stadium ; the knowledge of — , lit(t)erarum 
scientia; to be acquainted with — , lit(t)crcs 
scire ; to be without — , lit(t)eras nescire. 

lithe, adj. mollis, flexibilis. 

lithographer, n. lithographus (in no se'nse 
class.). 

litigate, v.tr. and intr. litigare cum alqo pro 
alqo, inter se de alqd re (noli pati fratres liti- 
gare) (Cic), lites sequi. litigant, n. qui cum 
alqo litigat. litigation, n. lit. litigious, 
adj. litigiosus (= full of strife, given to law- 
suits), litigiousness, n. use. an adj. (e.g. 
the — of the man, homo litium cupidus). 

litter, I. n. 1, lectica ; a small — , lectkula; 
2, felurci, fetus, -us, suboles (sob-) ( = a brood) ; — 
of pigs, porcelli uno partu editi ; 3, — for cattle, 
stramentum; = confusion, turbae ; to make a—, 
res turbare. II. v.tr. 1, parere, fetum edere = 
to bring forth ; 2, see Strew. 

little, I. adj. parvus, parvulus (dim.), exigitus, 
minutus, modicus; often rendered by diminu- 
tives, as — (small) coins, nvmmuli ; — book, 
libellus ; — present, mvnusculum ; — used as 
a noun, e g. a iittle gain, paul(l)um Ivcri ; also 
by aliquid, e.g. a — pride, alqd superbiae; to 
sell by — and — , or by retail, divendere ; the 

— ones, jmrvi, liberi; a — time, tempus brere ; 
for a — , parumper, pauUl)isper ; in a — , breri ; a 

— after, ptul(l)o post ; by — and — , puul I i$jsr, 
sensim, gradotim, minutatim ; a — soul, aiiimvs 
pusillus ; not a — ,valde, vehementer, maynopcre ; 
he is a — too much given to money, aliqvantond 
rem est avidior ; these things are a— trouble- 
some to me, nonnihil molesta haec sunt mihi; 
a — before sunset, sub occasum solis; how 
— , quantillus (Plaut.), quantulus; how — 
soever, qvrtntuluscunquv, ; so — , tantulus; he 
lacked — of being killed, hand multum afpyuii 
quin occiderctur. II. adv. paul(l,um, aliquan- 
tulum, nonnihili ( = somewhat), parum i = too 

— ). III. n. ahquantum, nonnihil, parum(= 
too — ), paul(l)um, paul(l)ulum ; see Littlf 

1. littleness, n. parvitas, exiguitus. less, 
adj. minor, least, adj. minimus; minimum, 
at least. 

liturgy, n. *liturgia (Ecc\.). 

live, I. v.intr. 1, rivfre, invito iw? ; yet to 
— , in vivis esse, sujierstitcm esse ; to let one — s 
alcjs ritae parcire ; cannot — without, alqd re 
carcre non posse; so long as I — , me vivo, dvm 
(quoad) vivo ; if I — , si vita suppetit; as 1 — ! 
ita vivam! — for a thing, deditum esse rei ; — 
in a thing, totum esse in re ; — for self, sibi i-ivere ; 

2, to — on anything, vivere re, vesci re, oli re, 
vitom svstentare alqd re; 3, to — luxuriously, 
laute vivire : — poorly, parce vivere; to — at or 
in a place, lovuK incolere, locum or in locohobi- 
tare ; see Dwell; as to your condition, to — , 
vitam agire or degere ; — happily, etc., bene, 
feliciter, viisere, etc., vivere. II. adj. or living, 
adj. rivus. livelihood, n. virtus, -vs (= \ro- 
visions), livelong, adj. totus. lively, adj. 



liv 



7,57 



loo 



1, = active, strenuus, acer ; see Active ; 2, = 
sprightly, alacer, vegetus, hilar is, festivvs, lepidns; 
see Merry, Witty ; 3, of places, = frequented, 
celebcr ; 4, = keen, vehement ; to feel a — joy, 
valde or cchementcr gavdere ; to form a — idea 
of anything, rem tanquam praesentem contem- 
plari. liveliness, ll. alacritas, hilarilas, festi- 
vitas. 

liver, n. Jecur, -(in)oris, n. 

livery, n. vestis qaam alcjs famuli gerunt. 
liveryman, n. wdalls, -is, m., or socius alcjs 
societatis. livery-stables, n. stabulum (mer- 
cenarium). 

livid, adj. lividus; a — colour, livor. 

lizard, n. lacerta, stellio. 

lo ! interj. en, ecce. . 

load, I. n. onus, -Iris, n.; a cart — , vehes, -is, 
f.(Plin.) ; a — on the mind, tristitia, molestia, ani- 
mi dolor or aegritudo. II. v.tr. 1, onerare, gra- 
varc (properly = to make heavy or weigh down, 
e.g. membra gravabat onus, gravatus vino somno- 
que, ocidi morte gravati) ; lie — ed the people 
excessively, nimiuin oneris plebi imposuit; op- 
primcre (= to press down or oppress) ; — with 
reproaches ; see Reproach ; 2, of firearms, armu 
para-re, inslruere. loaded, adj. onustus, one- 
rat us. 

loaf, n. panis, -is, in. 

loam. n. latum. loamy, adj. lutosus 
(= muddy), cretosus, argillosus (of chalk). 

loan, n. res mutuata or mutuo data or com- 
modata ; pecunia mutua or credita. 

loath, adj. invitus ; I am — , piget me (e.g. 
referee piget vie, piget me dicere). loathe, v.tr. 
alqd fastidire, aversari, a re abhorrere. loath- 
ing, n. fastidium (for food, fig. = disdain), 
odium (= hatred), taedium (= disgust, mostly 
post class.), loathsome, adj. tcter, foedus, 
obscenus {obscacn-), odiosus. loathsomeness, 
n. focditas, obscenitas (obscaen-). 

lobby, n. vestibulum. 

lobster, n. cancer (— crab). 

local, adj. by the genitive loci, regionis, etc. 
(e.g. locorum diffUxdtates, = — difficulties ; 
loci opportunity, = a — advantage or conven- 
ience), locality, n. locus, or loci no.tura or 
situs, -lis. 

loch, ii. locus. 

lock, I. n. claustra, -orum (properly = a 
shutter or fastener) ; to be under — and key, esse 
sub claustris or clavi; — in a river, piscina 
(Plin.) or emissarium (= outlet of a lake). 
II. v.tr. obserere, occludere; to — in, claustro 
includere; to — out, claustro foras exclude re ; to 
— up, alqm concludere. locker, n. armarium. 
locket, n. collare ; see Necklace, lock-jaw, 
n. tetanus (Plin.). 

lock, n. of hair, cirrus; of wool, floccus. 

locomotion, n. motus, -us. locomotive, 

a*lj. sua vi motus ; — engine, machina ad currus 
tralic ndos facta. 
locust, n. loevsta (Plin.). 

lodge, I. ii. casa (=a cot). II. v.intr. 1, 
devenari ujnid alqm, ad alqm de.vertcre; 2, — in, 

(in)ab/i re latere re. III. v.tr. 1, kospitio exci- 
pcre, tccto recipere ; 2, — a complaint, alqm or 
novum alrjs deferrc ; — a spear, etc., adigere. 

lodger, n. deversor (at an inn), iuquiliiius, in- 
quilim (=one who lives in another's house). 
lodgings, n. ccnaculum vuritorium (= hired 
room, Suet.), or by domns, — house, lodging- 
house, n. insula, lodgment, n. to effect a 

— -, see Lodoe II. and III. 



loft, n. caenaculiun (coen-) ; hay— , faenilia, 
ium (fen-); corn — , horreum. lofty, adj. 1, 
= high, alius, (ex)cdsus, editus (of places), sub- 
limit (= aloft, mostly poet.) ; 2, fig. (ex)ceL<ru$, 
elatus, sublimis, erectu.i ; of speech, grandis; of 
pride, superbiis. Adv. alte, excelse. (lit. and fig.), 
sublime (lit.), elate (fig.); = proudly, snperbe. 
loftiness, n. 1, altitndo; 2, (fig.) altitudo, 
elatio, excelsitas, comb, of speech, ultitudoet elatio 
oratnris (Cic), sublimitus et magnificentiaet nitor 
(Quint.) ; — of mind, altitudo animi. 

log, n. 1, lignum 'or ligna, pi. = firewood) ; 
stipes, -itis, in. (= trunk of tree) ; 2, fig. = 
blockhead, stipes, caudex, -icis, in., truncus. 
logbook, n. tabulae, loggerhead, n. 1, 
= blockhead ; see Loo ; 2, to be at — s, see 
Quarrel. 

logic, n. logica, -orum, or dialectica (or dia- 
lectic), logica (or logicc, or written in Greek, 
i) Koyueq), logical, adj. logicus, dialecticus 
(= connected with logic) ; — questions, dia- 
lectica, -orum ; — conclusion, consequents, 
-ium, or ea quae cjc coiuxssis cons&2uuntur. 
Adv. dialecticc or quod ex cuncessis consequi- 
tur, or quodnecessarie demonstrutur. logician, 
n. dialect icus. 

loin, n. lumbus. 

loiter, v.intr. cessare; see Linger. 

loll, v.intr. and tr. recumbere, rccubare ; to 

— out the tongue, linguam exscrere. 

lonely, lonesome, lone, adj. solus, soli- 

tarius, uvius, reductus (of situation), loneli- 
ness, n. solitudo. 

long, I. adj. 1, = extension in space, longus, 
proccrus(= tall), }>ro»tiS8lw(= hanging down), Ion- 
giiiquus ( = distant) ; exceedingly — , praelongus ; 

— hair, capillvs promissus ; to defer for a — time, 
in longinquum tempus differre rem ; the measure 
or degree of length is put in the accusative (e.g. 
six feet — , longus pedes sex or in longitudinem 
sex pedum ; a foot — , pedalis, pedem longus* ; 2, 
= extension in time, longus, longinqnus, diutur- 
niis, diutinus ; during a — while, (file; a — time 
before, multum ante alqd ; a — time after, mul- 
turn post alqd ; 3, = slow or dilatory, tardus, 
lentus, segnis, pvjer ; a — business, Icntum nego- 
tium. II. adv. din; — ago, pridem, jampri- 
dem (or as two words), jamdudum (or in two 
words) ; not — ago, haud dudum, modo, olim ; 
how — , quamdiu ; as — as, quamdiu . . . faiii- 
diu ; — after, mnlto post or jxist multos 
annos ; — before, ante multos annos. III. 
v.intr. ami tr. to — for, avere alqd or with infill., 
cupere alqd or with infill, or ut, ge&tirevrith infill., 
avert, cupere, gestire, desiderare (= to regret 
the loss or want of) alqd or alqm, alqd ab alqo, 
alqd in alqo; desiderio alcjs rei teneri or ftagrare, 
concupisctre (=to desire), longevity, n. 
by ciicuinloc. ; sec Old. longing, I. n. alcjs 
rei desiderium (= desire), appetitus, -us, ap)>e- 
titio (— passionate desire). II. adj. — after 
anything, alcjs rei cupidus, or avidus. Adv. 
cupide, avide. long - suffering, adj. see 
Patient. 

look, I. n. 1, as act, (oeulorum) oblutus, 
■ us ; to direct a — at, aspectnm or oculos confer- 
tcre or con(j)icere in rem; — at a person, intiteri, 
a(d)spicerealqm; 2, = appearance of the counten- 
ance, vulliis, -us; a severe — , vultus secerns; 
in gen. sjiecies, fades. II. v.tr. to — at, tt(iT)spi- 
cere, intueri, conlcmplari. III. v.intr. tpteiem 
alrjs (rei) pracbere, videri ; see Seem ; to — 
about, circumspicire ; to — lack, (alqd) resj)£- 
cere ; to — 'down, despicere; to — down upon, 
alqm despicere ; to — for, see Seek ; = to ex- 
pect, e.r(s)pectarc ; to — out, = to l>c on the 

— out, s]ieculari ; to — out for, — to take 



loo 



758 



luc 



care of, aid rii'consuUre; to — towards, in 
or ad alqm locum sped are ; to — up, suspicere ; 
to — up to, clam vereri. looking-glass, n. 
spteulum. look-out, n. use verb. 
loom, 11. tela. 

loom, v.intr. in couspectum t longinquo 
dari. 

loop, I. n. laqueus (= noose). II. v.tr. 
annecUre; see Tik. loophole, ti.'foramen 

(=hole), fenestra (= — in the wall ot'a tower 
for the discharge of missiles). 

loose, I. adj. 1, = slack, luxus, ffu.vus, re- 
missus; — reins, laxae or ftuxae habe'nae ; with 
— hair, passis crinibus; 2, of soil, rar«s'(opp. 
dcnsus), solutus (opp. spissus), fatilis (Col.) ; 3, 
of teeth, mobilis (Plin.); 4, = at liberty, 
(ca rccre, etc.) Uberatus, solutns ; 5, of morals, 
\dis)solutus, effrenatus, rcmissits. Adv. laxe, 
{dis)?o!utc. II, v.tr. (re)laxare, remittere, (re)- 
solvere ; see Untie, looseness, n. use adj. 
Loose. 

lop, v.tr. tondere, (dc)putare, amputare (== to 
prune), praecidere (= to — on"), lopsided, 
adj. imo latere grandis. 

loquacious, adj. loquax, gamtlus (= chat- 
tering), I'erbosvs. Adv. loqu-acitcr, verbose, lo- 
quacity, n. loquacitas, garrnlilas. 

lord, n. dominus. lordly, adj. 1, of high 
rank, illvstris, nobUis, illustri or nobili loco 
nut us ; 2, = proud, svperbus, arrogans; see 
Proud, Arrogant, lordliness, n. siiperbia, 
arroganlia ; see Pride, Arrogance, lord- 
ship, n. = power, impcrium, dominnlus, -its. 

lore, n. crudilio, doctrina. 
lorn, adj. solus, desert us; see Lonely, For- 
lorn. 
lose, v.tr. amittcre, perdere, jaduram rei 

face re (of loss purposely incurred) ; one who has 
lost a member, captus (e.g. onilo, auribus); = to 
be bereaved, privari, orbari re ; to — hope, spc ex~ 
cidere ; to — a battle, vinci ; to — patience, pa- 
lieutiam, rumpere; to — time, tempus perdere; to 

— sight of one, alqm e conspectn amittcre ; to never 

— sight of, alqtl nunquam ilimittire ; to be lost, 
umitti, perdi, perire, absumi ; to give np for lost, 
despe rared ere ; to — colour, evanescere,pcdlcscere; 
to be lost in thought, in cogitaiionc defixum esse ; 
the mountain — s itself in the plain, mons in pla- 
nitiem se subducit ; I am lost, perii; the ships 
were lost at sea, mersae sunt naves (in) nwri. 
loser, n. qui damno afficitur ; he was a great 
— , magna damno affectum est. losing, n. amissio. 
loss, n. damnum, dctrimentum, jactura, dis- 
pendinm; to sustain a — , damna pati, cala- 
mitates svbire, incommod is affici ; to repair a 
— , damnum resarcire ; the — of a battle, pvgna 
adversa ; 1 am at a — , dubius sum; see Un- 
certain. 

lot, h. 1, ton, -tis, f. , sortitio, sorlitus, -us ; 
by — ,-sorte, sortito ; 2, = fortune, snrs, fort una; 
easting of — s, sortitio, sortitns, --us. lottery, n. 
sors, sortitio, alea (= game of dice) ; 'tis all a — , 
nihil incertius est. 

loth, adj. see Loath. 

lotion, n. liqnida quae alci illinnntur. 

loud, adj. clarus(= clear), magnus(= strong) ; 

— Cry, Magnus clamor ," — voice, VOX darn, vox 
magna. Adv. dare, clard, voce, magna or summd 
voce, loudness, n. magnitudu, vox claret. 

lounge, v.intr. nihil agtre, desidlre. 
lounger, n. homo deses, iners, contator (ennrt-), 
cessator, ambulator. 

louse, n. prdievhts (Plin.). lousy, adj. 
petlicvlosus (Mart.). 

lout, K. homo rusticus, agrestis, stipes, cavdex 



(cod-), loutish, adj. 
Rude. Adv. rust ice. 



rv.stkns, agrestis; seii 



love, I. n. amor, caritas (= affection), pietas 
(= reverent devotion), studium ; = a favour- 
able disposition, studium alrjs rei; to have — , 
alcjs rei amantcm esse ; worthy of — , amandus, 
amore dignus ; — atfair, amor; — potion, fvhil- 
trum ; the god of — , Capido, Amor ; the goddess 
of — , Venus; my — ! mea voluptas! mcum cor ! 
deliciae meae. II, v.tr. amare (with natural 
aflection), diliglre (as .friends), carum habere 
alqm, studire alci, amore complecli alqm, amore 
prosequi alqm, amore alcjs teneri, amore alcjs 
captum esse, alcjs amore depcrire ; to — learning, 
lit{t)erarum studiosum esse, loves, n. amorcs. 
loved, adj. cams, acceptvs, gratus,jucundus, sua- 
vis. lovilig, adj. alcjs avians, stndiosus, blandus, 
benignns, dulcis,suavis, indvlgens. Adv. umanter. 
loving -kindness, n. misericordid; .see 
Mercy, lovely, adj. 1. lellvs, rcnustus (of 
persons and things), amoenus (of things) ; see 
IJeaitiful; 2, = worthy of love, amore 
dignus, amandus, amabilis. loveliness, 11. 
renvstas, amoenitas. lover, n. amator, f. 
amutrix; a — of literature, lit(J)erarum stndiosus. 

low, I. adj. 1, of position, humilis, demissus; 
2, of voice, gravis, submissvs, suppressus ; 3, of ' 
price, vilis ; to buy at a — price, jxtrvo or 
vili (pretio) emrre; 4, in regard to condition, 
humilis (= humble), ignobilis, obscurUS (as to 
birth and ancestors), tenuis (as to property); 
lower, inferior (in position), sordidus (as to 
origin); of — blTth,hwnili or ignobili, obscitro 
or tenui loco ortus, humili fortund otitis; of the 
lowest birth, infimae condicionis etfortunae, infi- 
mits, sordida loco ortus ; of the lower orders, 
tcnuioris ordinis ; the lowest of the people, 
infima plebs; the lowest class of men, ultima* 
Bonis homines, infimi ordinis (generis) homines, 
ivfimum genus hominum,facx, vulgus, -i, n., plebs, 
plcbccnla; 5, = having a — tone, humilis, lllibera- 
lis (= unworthya gentleman), abjectus ^despic- 
able, employed with animus), turpi s ; see .Base ; 
— expressions, verba ex triviispctita ; 6, =sad, 
maestus, tristis. II. adv. hwniliter (lit. post 
class., but class. = basely), demisse, abject e = 
\mse\y, illiberulitcr (— unbecomingly to a gentle- 
man); to speak — , submisse, submissd voce dicer?. 
lowly, adj. 1, see Low, 4 ; 2, — humble, wo- 
destvs, moderatus; see Humble, lowliness, 
n. 1, humilitas, obscuritas ; 2, modestia ; sec 
Humility, lowncss, n. 1, humilitas (of posi- 
tion or stature); 2, of birth, humilitas, igno~ 
bilitas, obscuritas; 3, of price, vilitas ; 4, of the 
voice, vox gravis ; 5, of mind, humilitas, animus 
humilis or abjectus, turpitudo ; of expression, 
verba ex triviis pctita. low-born, adj. ignoHU 
or obscuro loco natus. low-lands, n. lom 
(■orum) plana, low-spirited, adj. animus 
demissus et opprcssus, afflictus, maestus, tristis; 
see Sad. lower, I. adj. inferior ; the — world, 
npud inferos, ) Tartarus (,-os), \Tartara, -orum, 
pi. ; — orders, spe Low, 4. II. v.tr. demittcre : 
to — the voice, submittere (Quint.) ; to — one- 
self, se ab(j){cere. lowering, adj. see Dark, 
Threatening. 

low, v.tr. of cattle, mugire. lowing, n. 
mugitus, -us. 

loyal, adj. fldelis, fidus. Adv. fidclitcr. 
loyalty, n. fides, fidelitas. 

lozenge, n. ixislillus (Plin.). 

lubber, n. lubberly, adj. see Lout. 

lubricate, v.tr. vng(uy-re. 

lucid, adj. lucidns (= bright, distinct of 
speech, etc ; in the latter sense, trisodihictdus). 
Adv. (di)haidr, lucidaess, lucidity, n. 
pcrspiin Hi'* (Quint.), better use adj. or adv. (e.g. 



lue 



759 



mag 



dilucide rem expli 



he expressed himself with 
cavit). 

Lucifer, n. 1, the morning star, Lucifer, 
t Phosphorus, t Roils ; 2, = Satan, Lucifer 
(Eecl.). 

luck, n. fortuna, fors, soys, casus, -us; good 
— , fortuna sccunda, res secundae ; bad — , adversa 
fortuna, res adversae ; good — to it ! bene vertat I 
lucky, adj. felix, fortunatus, faustus, ausplca- 
tus. Adv. fclicitcr, ex an imi sententid, auspicato. 

lucre, r\'. lucrum (= gain), quaest-us, -?1s (= ac- 
quirement); for— 's sake, ?ucr£ caus(s)fi. lucra- 
tive, adj. lucrosus, quaestuosus. 

lucubration, n. luculratio. 

ludicrous, adj. (de)ridiculus, perridicuhis, 
rideudus, deridendus. Adv. (i)er)ridicule. ludi- 
crousness, n. stultitia, insulsitas (= folly), or 
by adj. 

lug, v.tr. trahere, rehire, luggage, 11. 
impedimenta, -drum, n. ; the — (collectively), 
vasa, -orum, n. ; sarcinac (= the knapsacks, 
etfi., of the individual soldiers). 

lugubrious, adj. lugubris (mostly poet., 
belonging to mourning), flebUis, maestus, tristis 
(= sad); see SAg, Adv. + Inquire, flugubriter, 
ftebilitcr, maeste; see Sadly. 

lukewarm, adj. tepidm (lit. and fig.) ; = 
indifferent, languidus, frigidus, lentus, remissus, 
neglegcns (neglig-). Adv. langnide, friyide, lente, 
rcmi-ssc, neglegenter (neglig-). lukewarmness, 
l). tepor (lit.), languor, or by adj. 

lull, I. v.tr. sedare (e.g. rentes, insolcntiam, 
etc.); to — to sleep, sopire, t somnum suadcre, 
II. v.intr., the wind — s, venti ris cadit, renti se- 
dantur. III. n. use verb, lullaby, n. cantus, 
■ us, or verb lallare (= to sing a — , Pers.). 

lumber, n, scruta, -orum. 

luminous, adj. luminosus (= having light), 
luddas l = giving light) ; — narration, narratio 
ludda or perspicua or aperta or dilucida; the 
thoughts of, etc., are not — , sententiac alejs 
lueem desiderant. Adv. (di)hicidc, perspicue, 
aperte, plane, comb, aperte atque dilucide, 
dilucide et perspicue. luminary, n. 1, lit. 
sol, -is, m., luna (=sun, moon, etc.); 2, fig. 
lumen, 

lump, n. massa, glaeha (gleba). lumpish, 
adj. hebes, stupidtts (— stupid), lumpy, adj. 
gkbosus (Plin.). 

lunar, adj. lunaris (with cursus, cornua, 
etc."); a — year, amius lunaris. lunatic, adj. 
lunaticus (very late) ; see Mad, Madman. 

lunch, n. prandium. 

lung, n. pul mo ; — s, pulmones. 

lunge, n. and v.tr. sec Stab. 

lupine, n. lupinus, lupinum. 

lurch, I. n. 1, see Roll ; 2, to leave in 
the — , deserere ; see Abandon. II. v.intr. 
see Roll. 

lure, I. n. — decoy-bird, or fig. illecebra. 
II. v.tr. allidre, illidre, peltidre. 

lurid, adj. obscurus, caliginosus (luridus 
— pale yellow, ghastly). • 

lurk, v.intr. latere, latitarc (intensive of 

latere). 

luscious, adj. {prac)dulcis. luscious- 
ness, n. dulcedo. 

lust, I. n. libido (lub-), cupiditas. II. v.tr. 
to — after, concupiscere (= to desire earnestly). 
lusty, adj. = full of vigour, miens, validus, 
regetus ; = large and stout, robiistus ; to be — , 
vigere. Adv. valide. lustiness, n. vigor, 
rob-ur. 



lustration, n. lustratio (=a purifying, e.g. 

munifijiioriuii). lustral, adj. lustralU. 

lustre, n. 1, nitor, fulgor, splendor; to 

throw a — on, splendonim addere ulci ; V, — 

space of .five years, lustrum. , lustrous, 

adj. splendidus, splendens, clams, lucidus ; see. 
ISrioht. . .. 

lute, n. lyra, ibarbitos, in. and f. (only num., 
voc. and aecus.), fides, Hum, f. pi., cithara, 
teshtdo. 

luxuriant, adj. laetus, hixuriosus. Adv. 
laete. luxuriate, v.intr. litxuriari. luxu- 
rious, adj. luxuriosus, sumpituosus, mollis, 
dclicatvs, lautits (lot-). ' Adv. luxuriose, delicate, 
■molliter. luxury, n. liaus, -its, luxuria or 
luxuries, lavlitia, apparatus, -its, deliciae. 

lye, ii. lixivia (Plin.). 

lynx, n. lynx, lynx-eyed, adj. lynceus. 

lyre, n. lyra, cithara, fides, -ium, f. pi., 
testudo, barbitos, m. and f. (only noni., voc. and 
accus.). lyrical, adj. lyricns. lyrist, n. 
lyricen, citharista, m. 



M. 

macaroon, n. placenta (= cake). 

mace, n, fasces, -ium, in. mace bearer, 
n. lictor. 

macerate, v.tr. macerare (e.g. flax, fish) 
(Plin.). maoeration, n. maceratio (of flax, 
llsh). 

machination, n. = a secret, malicious de- 
sign, machina, conatus, -iis, dolus ; to make — s, 
cousilia (eoa)coquere ; to do a thing through 
anyone's — , alqo auctore facire alqd. ma- 
chine, n. machina, machinatio, machina mint-, 
urn (— machinery) ; compages, -is, f. (= frame- 
work) ; the — , fabric of the human body, com- 
pages corjxiris. machinery, n. machinal io, 
machiiunnenta, -ontm, n., machinae. 

mackerel, i>. scomber. 

mad, adj. 1, lit. insanus, vecors, furiosus, 
dement, mente captus, irabidus (usu. of animals), 
phreneticus (phrenit-); 2, fig. insanvs, vecors,- 
vesanus, furiosus, aniens, demens. Adv. insane, 
furiose, rabide, dementer. madcap, n. homo 
or juvenis ingenio praeceps. madden, v.tr. 
1, mentem alicnare ; 2, fig. exacerbare, exasperare, 
incendlre; see Excite, madhouse, n. domus 
publico, qvd curantur msani. madman, n.'. 
homo insanus, etc.; see Map. madness, n.l,. 
lit. tnsania, amentia, dementia, vecordiu, Juror, 
rabies (esp. of animals); 2, fig. insaaia, amen-' 
tia, dementia, vecordia, furor, rabies.- 

madam, n. domino, 

madder, n. rubia (Plin.). 

magazine, n. 1, = store, granary, horreum, 
receptaculum alcjs rei (= repository for -corn, 
goods, etc.), armamentarium (for arms); 2, = 
pamphlet, acta, -orum; see Journal. 

maggot, n. vermis, -is, m., vermiculus. 
maggoty, adj. verminosus (Plin.). 

magi, n. magi, magic, I. n. ars magica, 
or mag ice (Plin.). II. adj. 1, magicus ; 2, fig. 
by viirus (e.g. a — power, mira quaedamvis); 
see also Juqolf.rv. 

magistracy, n. magistrate, -us. magis- 
trate, n. magislrahis, -iis. magisterial, 
adj. ad magistratum pertinens ; in his — capacity,' 
quippe qui magistrates erat. 



mag 



760 



maj 



magnanimity, n. see Generosity, mag- 
nanimous, adj. see Generoi'.s. 

magnet, n. (lapis) magnts, -His, m. mag- 
netic, magnetical, adj. magnesius (e.g. 
magnesia sttxn, Lucret.) ; — power, attrahtnili 
quae dicitur vis (\d a lit. sense), mira quaedam 
via (ill a llg. sense), magnetism, n. *mng- 
■netisma (t.t., not class.). 

magnificent, adj. magnificus (= splendid), 
splentliitus, eoinb. splendidu* et magnificus ; jirae- 
c/uriH (= eminent through exterior and inward 
qualities, excellent), comb, magnificus et prae- 
clarus ; lautus {lot-) (of banquets) ; s-umptuosus 
(= expensive) ; amplus'e.g. amplissimae divitiae). 
Adv. magnifies, splendide, praeclare, Unite, sumpt- 
vose, ample, magnificence, n. magnificentia, 
splendor (= outward splendour, also inward 
excellency) ; res magnifica, splendida (= a splen- 
did thing); cultus, -its (as regards dress and 
costly household utensils); laiUUia (tot-) (of an 
expensive mode of living) ; apparatus, -its (= 
preparations), magnifier, n. = one who 
magnifies, laudator (in gen.), fein. laudatrix; 
also simply by verbs, to be the — of any- 
thing, Imnhire alqd, praedioare alqd or de alqd re. 
magnify, v.tr. augere (lit., e.g. the number of 
praetors, numerum praetorum ; tig. to represent a 
thing greater than it is, in this sense comb, oih- 
plificart et augere), amplificare(= to make greater 
in extent, e.g. a town, urbem ; the property, rem 
familiarew ; then fig. = by our actions to make 
a thing appear greater than it is) ; (verbis) exag- 
gerare(= to make in words much of a thing, e.g. 
a kindness) ; verbis augere, in majiu; (verbis) extol- 
lere(=: to impair the truth by exaggeration) ; in 
/ahum augere (= to exaggerate falsely); in majus 
uccipire (—to take a thing in a greater light 
than one ought), magniloquence, n. mag- 
niloquentia, magnitude, n. magnitude (in 
gen., both lit. and fig.), amplitudo (= great ex- 
tent, also tig. = importance of anything and 
high authority of a person), ambitus, -its, spa- 
Hum (= circumference, extent of a thing in gen.). 

magpie, n. pica. 

mahometan, n. and ndj. * Muhamcdanus. 

maid, n. 1, = an unmarried woman, see 
Girl; 2, = servant, ancilla, famula. mai- 
den, maidenly, adj. vlrginan (= pertaining 
to virgins), virginalls (= peculiar, natural to 
virgins, e.g. basrifulness, verecundia). maiden- 
hood, n. virginita*. maid-servant, n. see 
Maid, 2. . 

mail, n. 1, armour, lorica, thorax, -acis, m. ; 
2, a letter-bag, folliculitis ( = bag) with de- 
scriptive epithet (e.g. ad !it(t)eras perferendas); 
= the letters themselves, lit(l)erae. mail- 
coach, n. raeda (r(h)e.da) cursualis publico. 
mailed, adj. loricatus. 

maim, n. mutilare, truncare; see Injure. 
maimed, adj. mancus, truncus. 

main, I. adj. primvs, princeps ; see Chief, 
Principal, Great; ( = the greater part), pars 
prima (= first part), caput (= chief point); his 
— intention is, id maxime (praecipue) sequitur 
or agit or special ; — point, summa (sc. res), 
res magni momenti or magni diicriminis, caput 
alcjs rei or svmma ; the — question is, id max- 
ime quaeritur, quaeritur de, etc. (in a meta- 
physical question), agititr de alqd re, cardo alrjs 
rei (= hinge) ; to give, state only the — points 
of anything, sitmmatim alqd exponire ; summas 
tantummodo attingere ; to review briefly the — 
points, per capita decurrere. ; to stray, wander 
from the — question, a praposito ubcrrare or 
declinare ; to return to the — point, ad proposi- 
tion rererti or redire, ad rem red ire, prae ceteris 



alqd age re or spectare; — road, via; — object, 
finis; to make anything one's — object, omnia 
ad alqd referre or revocare ; his — object is, id 
potissimum spectator sequitur ; in the — , si rcram 
rei rationem ex'tgis, vere (= in reality). Adv. 
praecipue; see Principally, Uncommonly. II. 
it. 1, = the great sea, oltum ; see Goran ; 2, — 
the main-laud, (term) eontinens. main-land, 
n. terra (continens). main-mast, n. mains. 
mainsail, n. velum. 

maintain, v.tr. 1, sustinere, sustentare (e.g. 
the world,' health), through anything, alqd. re ; 
(con)servare (= to preserve, e.g. one's property, 
rem familiarem conservare ; then = to save); 
titcri (= to see that anything is in a good condi- 
tion), comb, tueri et conservare ; a I he (by care 
and nursing), comb, alere et sustentare, sustentare 
et alere ; to — one's physical strength, raletndi- 
nem tueri; 2, = to keep in the necessaries of life, 
sustinere, sustentare, alere; 3, = not to lose or 
surrender, tenere, retinere, obtinerc, (con)servare ; 
4, = to — an argument, contendere, confirm" re ; 
see Assert, maintainable, adj. iunnitus, 
firmatus (= fortified), firmits (— linn, durable, lit. 
and fig. =not easy to be overthrown), stubilis 
(= stable, fig. = unalterable), comb, stabilis et 
firmits (e.g. a ship), pertunis (= what does not 
"easily go bad, e.g. fruit), maintainer, n. 
(con)serivtor, suhttis anctor (= one who restores, 
saves), vintier (= one who claims), or by verbs. 
maintenance, n. 1, rictus, -iis(— food for the 
necessary support of the body), alimenta, -orum 
(=food in gen. ; then in the meaning of the law, 
what anyone subsists on, subsistence); to give 
to anyone his — , alci victum or alimentum (often 
in pi.) praebae; 2, = protection, continuance, 
conservatio, tuitio (= the act), gains, -utis, f., in- 
columitas (= the state of being preserved). 

maize, n. far. 

majestic, adj. auguslus, sanctus (= very re- 
verend), magn{/!cus(= splendid). Adv. auguste. 
majesty, n. majestas (later of the Roman em- 
peror); dignitas, nnmen (=high power, will, both 
of God and man, e.g. of the emperor) : sur- 
rounded with — , avgnstus ; to violate the — , 
majestatem (of the people, pojntli ; of the em- 
peror, imperatoris) minuere or laedere ; your — ! 
majestas tun ! (late). 

major, I. adj. 1, = greater in number, extent, 
e.g. the — part, ?>i(y'or(e.g. major pars) ; see More ; 
2, in music (the — mode, opp. the minor mode), 
modus major ; 3, in logic, the — premiss, pro- 
positio. II. n. 1, =a military rank, ceuturio, 
praefectits; optio(= assistant to and immediately 
under the centurio) ; 2, in law = a person of full 
age to manage his own concerns, sui juris, suae 
potestotis (no longer under the parent's control), 
suae littelae (not longer requiring to be repre- 
sented in court by a guardian), sui patens (= one 
who can do as he likes), major-domo, n. = 
steward, qui res domesticas dispensat, dispensatvr. 
majority, n. 1, = the greater number, major 
pars, major numerus (both = a greater number 
in comparison with another number), or plurrs 
(= several), phtrivii (= most) ; plerique (—a. large 
number); the — of historical writers, plans 
aitctores; Servius took care that the — did not 
prevail, Servius cnrai-it ne plnrimvm plnrimi 
valereni; — of votes, sententiae longe plnrimae 
(of the senators, judges), suffragia longe plurima, 
(of the citizens in the eomitia); to have tie 
— of votes, vincere, (of persons), valrre (of a 
motion, etc.), longe plurimum valcre, maguis 
sufiragiii or jit suffragia snperare ; to be ac- 
quitted by a great — , sententiis fere omnibus ah- 
solri ; the. — rules, carries the victory, major 
pars vincit ; the. — (in the senate) decided in 
favour of the same opinion, pars major in oni- 



mak 



7G1 



mal 



dein seutentium. ibat ; 2,= full age, aetas qua 
sui juris alqsfit; lie entrusted liini with the 
government until the children should come to 
their — , rcgnuni ei commendavit quoad liberi in 
suam tutelam pervenircnt. 

make, I. v.tr. 1, = to form, in the ordinary 
sense in gen. faccre ; = to accomplish, eonficere, 
efficere, perficerc ; 2, = to create, crcarc (of God 
and nature) ; made for, ad alqd /actus, alci rei or 
ad alqd natus, comb, alci rei or ad alqd natus fuc- 
tuggue (opp. as regards persons, ad alqd ductus or 
instilutus); a spot almost made for an ambuscade, 
loca insidiis nata; 3, in an arithmetical sense, 
efficere, or by esse, fieri ; 4, = to — by art, arte 
imitari or efficere, alqdfingcre (=to invent) ; 5,= 
to do, to perform, faccre, age re (p.glre, the Greek 
7rpoTTeif , =to act without reference to the result); 
= to choose anyone as one's model, auctore uti 
alqo ; the ambassadors — haste to get to Africa, 
legati in Africam maturantes veniunt ; he made 
haste to get to Rome, Romam proficisci matura- 
vit; 6, = to cause to have any quality (e.g. 
wealth — s man proud), facere, efficere, reddere alqm 
(with the aecus.) ; facere and efficere denoting 
the producing of a certain condition in a thing, 
whilst reddere implies a change of the previous 
condition, e.g. to — anyone useless, alqm. in- 
utilem faccre, e.g. of a wound ; to — anyone 
better, alqm meliorem reddere ; to — the people 
from wild savages into gentle and civilised 
beings, homines exferis mites reddere or homines 
feros mites reddere; very often, however, the verb 
" to — ," with its accus. of the predicate, must 
be rendered in Latin by one verb ; to — equal, 
ucquare, etc. (see under the adjs.) ; to — much, a 
great deal of a person, alqm mag ni facere (= to es- 
teem), mu/tu»iaZatr£bi<<!re(=:to think very highly 
of anyone), alqm colcre (= to have great" regard 
for, to respect a person) ; not to — much regard 
for, to — light of a person, alqm parvi facere 
(= to treat with indifference), alqm contemnere(= 
to despise) ; to — much of a tiling, alqd magni fa- 
'ccre, existimare (= to value highly), alqd in honore 
habere (=to honour) ; not to — much of a thing, 
alqd neglegere (neglig-, — to disregard, neglect); 
to — much, be eager for, etc., alcjs rei esse appe- 
tcntissimum ; = to be fond of , alqm car um habere ; 
see Fond ; 7. = to bring into any state, to consti- 
tute, facere, instituere (= to appoint to an oltice), 
constituire (= to institute anyone as), crearc (= 
to create, to elect) alqm (with accus., e.g. to — 
anyone the heir, heredem alqm facere, instituere); 
8, = to establish, e.g. to — friendship, con- 
ciliate (e.g. amicitiavi ; a wedding, nuptias ; 
pucem), facere (e.g. a treaty, foedus; pctcem); to 
— harmony, peace, concordiam reconciliare; be- 
tween two, alqm in gratiam reconcil'uire cum 
>dqo ; to — quarrels, discordkun concilare (= to 
cause discord) ; causum jurgii inferre, jurgia 
excitarc ( — to begin, excite quarrels) ; between 
two, discordes reddere ; between the citizens, 
discordiam inducers in civitatem ; Q, — to settle, 
in the phrase, to — one's abode, in alqm locum, 
migrare, in alium locum demigrarc or trans- 
mii/rare, in alqm locum immigrare (=togo to live 
in, to remove to); see also Reside, Live; 10, 
= to raise to good fortune (e.g. he is made for 
this world) ; to — a man, alqm gratia et auctori- 
tate sua sustentare (= to get anyone forward) ; aZcjs 
forliinac auctorem esse; 11, = to gain (e.g. to — 
money of), see Money, Gain ; 12, = to discover, 
to — land, cupere (e.g. insulum or portion) ; see' 
Land ; ex alto invelii in portum, decurrere in 
port u m ; 13, to — one's way to, = to arrive at, 
see Penetrate, Advance ; 14, = to convert, 
alqd re vti (e.g. to — anything an instrument 
of, etc.); 15, = to put into a suitable form 
for use, to — abed, ledum sterncre; 16, =to com- 
pose (e.g. |o — ye^es) faccre, scribcre, $ee Qph- 



po.se ; 17, to — hay, fenum seeare, caedere, 
succidcre; 18, =to contribute (e.g. this argu. 
ment — s nothing in his favour), magni (parvi, 
etc.) momenti esse (= to matter) ; impels, it 
— s nothing, nihil est ad rem; 19, to — amends 
satisfucere alci de alqd re, alqd expiare, alqd (cum) 
alqd re compensarc ; 20, to — arrangements, (apy 
parare, comi>ararc, praeparare, adornare alqd, 
facere, comb, parare et facire, se comparare or 
praeparare ad alqd; 21, to — away with, = 
to kill, interjicirc; see Kill. II. n. = forma- 
tion of the body, omnis membrorum et totius 
corporis Jigura, or simply corporis Jigura, cor- 
poris conformatio et Jigura, in the connection of 
a sentence also simply corpus ; of strong — , 
maximi corporis (of a man), of immensely strong 
— , immani corporis magnitudine ; see also 
Shape, maker, n. in gen. quifacit, etc., or 
auctor (e.g. vacis), suasor(= adviser), factor, fabri- 
cator, making, n.faclio, fabricatio, but better 
use verb, makeshift, makeweight, a 
ad tempus (e.g. of an edict, a decree, edictum 
ad tempus propositum). 

maladjustment, n. incompositus (e.g. the 
— of parts, partes incompositue). 

maladministration, n. pram rerum ad- 
ministrate. 

malady, u. see Illness. 

malapert, n. petulans, procax, protervus, 
parum verecundus (= not very discreet); see 
Saucy. 

malapropos, adv. intempestive, 

malaria, n. aer pestilens, caelum grave et 

pestilens. 

maleontent, n. rerum mutationis or rerum 
novarum or rerum evertendarum cupidus. 

male, adj. virilis (only of man), mas, mascu- 
lus, masculinus (Plin.) (both of man, but more 
frequently of animals); the — sex, virilis 
sexus, -its. 

malediction, n. ex(s)ecratin, dime, -arum, f. 
(— curses); see Corse. 

malefactor, n. homo maleficus (mulif-) (= 
perpetrator of a wicked act), maleficence, n. 
malitia (= roguery), improbitus (= wickedness, 
opp. prubitus), malignitas (— malignity) ; see 
Malice, malefic, adj. maleficus (mali/-), maii- 
liosus(= roguish, esp. in law proceedings), impr'qs 
bus (= wicked, of persons, opp. probus), malignus 
(=evil-disposed, jealous, of persons, opp. benign- 
us), malevolent, adj. see Malice, Mali- 
cious, malformation, n. quod infonnc est. 
malice, n. = envy, malignitas, invidia, male- 
volcntia (maliv-) ; = a wicked pleasure in try- 
ing to do others harm, malitia (= roguery) ; = a 
wicked act, scelus, -Iris, n. malicious, adj. 
malitiosus, malevolus (maliv-, = malevolent); 
+ malignus (never used in the sense of malicious, 
only = ill-natured, ill-willed), invidus; — saucy, 
procax. Adv. malitiose (not so strong as tho 
English), maliciousness, n. see Malice. 
malign, I. adj. see Malicious and Unfavour- 
able. II. v.tr. seo Slandkh. malignant. 
adj. see Malicious, malignor, n. obtrcc- 
tutor, -malignity, n. 1, malevolentia (maliv-') ; 
2, of a disease, vis morbi. malpractice, n. 
see Misdeed, maltreat, v.tr. male fracture,; 
see Injure, maltreatment, n. see Injury, 
malversation, n. peculutus, -lis. 

mallard, n. anas (-dtis) mas or vi/xscidus. - 

malleability, n. by malleable, adj. quod 
malleis extendi potest, lentus (= tough), ductilis 
(Plin.). 

mallet, n, J, fis(uca (for driving anything 



mal 



"62 



man 



with force), paricula (=a rammer), /usJis(= a 
club), malleus (= a hammer), pistillum (= » 

pestle). 
mallow, n. wafwi, malache, -M(Plin.). 

malt, n. honlcum aqud perfusum et sole tostum. 
malt-liquor, n. see Beer. 

mama, mamma, hi mamma. 

mammal, n. animal. 

mammon, n. diviHae, opes, -um ; see 

Riches. 

man,' I. n.' homo (in gen.), vir (esp. = a brave 
man) ■;- men, in a collective sense, homines, 
penus humanvm, hominwn 'universum genus (= 
the whole human race), uiortales, Hum; a young 
— , {homo) adulescens (adol-); quite a young — , 
(homo) adulescentulus (adol-), juvenis ; very often 
it is not expressed at all in Latin, especially With 
adjs., and when it is contained as subject in the 
verb, e.g. many men, people, multi ; there are men 
who, etc., sunt qui, etc., non desunt qui, etc., in- 
veniuntur or reperiuntur qui, etc. (in all these 
phrases use the indicative mood after qui, when 
the class of men is clearly defined ; but the sub- 
junctive mood when the class of men is de- 
scribed In an indefinite sense, so as to require 
a qualification ; there are men who will have it 
that, etc., sunt qui dicmit, i.e. who mean to say, 
who seem to say, to think; but sunt qui dicunt 
= there are men who assert, i.e. in a posi- 
tive manner); no — , nemo, null us (=110 one, 
nobody); he is not a — (i.e. he is a brute), 
liomo non est, omnis humanitcdis expers est ; this 
— (referring to some name mentioned imme- 
diately before, without laying any emphasis on 
the word this), simply hie (but hiu vir, if with 
emphasis) ; — by ~, every — , viritim (=lo 
every — individually, e.g. to distribute any- 
thing, to grant, tribuere or dare) ; altogether, 
everyone up to the very last — , urtiversl, ad unum 
mines; so much a — , or every — gets so much, 
singuli uuferunt with the a ecus, of the sum ; = 
soldier, miles, -id's, 111. ; his men, sui; our men, 
nostri; men may also be expressed by exercitus, -us, 
copiae, manus, -us; newly recruited men, tirones ; 
with commendation, vir; to march in a file 
three men together, three abreast, triphci or- 
dine incedcre; they marched thirty men abreast, 
triginia armatbrum ordinal ibant; with — and 
horse, viris equisque (i.e. with infantry and 
cavalry) ; an army of ten thousand men, exer- 
citus decern mil(l)ium ; a — from a country town, 
a countryman, but a — of the right sort, rusti- 
canus vir, sed plane vir (Cic.) ; show yourself a 
— , virum te praesta ; in chess, latro, latrunculus 
(Sen.), miles ; in draughts, calculus ; — of money, 
pecuniosus ; — of the world, homourbanus, or per- 
politus ; merchant — , navis (mercatoria), navis 
rotunda; — of- war, navis longa, navis rostrate, 
guinqueremis (= different kinds of Roman men- 
of-war, in opp. to navis rotunda, = merchant — ). 
II. v.tr. 1, = to furnish with soldiers, natemor 
classem multibus or propugnaloribus instruere or 
complSre; to — sufficiently, navcm or classem ar- 
vwtis ornare ; to be sufficiently — ncd, suum nu- 
merum habere, manful, adj. see Manly, man- 
hood, n. 1, = adult age, pubertas (Plin.), aetds 
adulta; to reach — , togam virilem sumere; 2, 
= humanity, hvmana nalura, humanitas. man- 
kind, n. homints^genus^humaunm. manly, 
ndj. 1, = belonging to men,' virilis ; 2, — brave, 
virilis, fortis; see Brave, manliness, n. 
virtus, -litis, f., animus virilis or fortis; see 
. Couraoe. mannikln, n. homuncio, homun- 
cuius, hmnnllus. manservant, n. servus, 
famulus, manslaughter, n. hominis etudes; 
guilty of — , by hominem caederc, interfieire. 
man-trap, "• stimulus (Gees.). 



manacle, I. 
catenis. 



11. manica, II, v.tr, vincire 



manage, v.tr. = to conduct, tractate (= 
to treat, handle), regere (lit. = to conduct, e.g. 
domesticam disciplinam regere), administrate (= 
to have a thing under one'3 hands), perfungi 
alqd re ( = to discharge the duties of an office), 
gerere (= to hold a public office, with reference to 
the general conduct), praeesse alci rci(= to act as 
presiding officer, to superintend the management 
of affairs), procurare (= to act for an absent 
person, e.g. anyone's business, alcjs negotia), 
dispensare. manageable, adj.-l, = easy to 
be used, habilis (opp. inhabUis), or transl. by 
verbs/, 2, = that may be made subservient to 
one's" views, qui regi potest (both lit. and fig.), 
trdctabiUs (fig., of persons), docilis, facilis (= 
compliant) ; see Flexible.' management, 
n. = maimer of carrying on, administmlio, truc- 
tatio (e.g. of the war), cura (care, e.g. of a family, 
of a household, rei, domestical cura); the — of 
anyone's affairs (in his absence), (pro)curat io ; 
dispensatio (of a steward), manager, n. = 
one who has the direction of anything, negoti- 
orum (procurator (of a business ; to be the — 
of anyone s business, alcjs rationes negotiaque 
procurare, alcjs rem or negotia gerere), pracfectus 
(— one who discharges the duties of an office, 
in good Latin always with the gen. or dat. of 
the office), magister (= principal of an establish- 
ment, director of a company). 

mandate, n. tdictum (e.g. to issue a — , 
edictum proponere or ediccre, lit, etc., of a public 
body); in gen. impcratum, jnssum, mandatum. 

mandible, n. maxilla. 

mandrake, mandragora, n. nuindrcl- 
goras, -ac, 111. (Plin.). 

mane, n. juba, coma (comae cervicum, of 
lions' — s, Gell.); with a — ,jubatus, comatus. 

manes, 11. Manes, -ium, m. 

mange, manginess, n. scabies, scabrities 
or scabritia (Plin.). mangy, adj. fscaber. 

manger, n. praesaepe, praesaepis, praesae- 

pium (praesep-). 

mangle, I. n. machina qua lintca aut panni 
levigantur. II. v.tr. 1, = to smooth clothes with 
a — , levigare; 2, tig. (di)laniare. mangled, 
adj. truncus, mutilus. 

mania, n. insania (lit. and fig.), maniac, 
11. homo insanus ; see Mad. 

manifest, I. adj.aperttcs(= open before one), 
manifest us (= apparent), comb, apertus ct mani- 
fistus; perspicnus (= clear), comb, apertus et per- 
spicuus; evidens (= evident), testutus (= shown, 
proved by witnesses), notus, cog nit us ( = known) ; 
a — crime, facinus manifesto compertum et depre- 
heusum (when anyone is caught in the act); it 
is — , patet, apparel, manifestum est, perspicuum 
est omnibus; to make — , aperire (= to open), 
patefacere. Adv. aperte, manifesto, sine dubio, 
perspicue, evidenter, palam (= openly), scilicet 
(ironically). II. v.tr. aperire (= to open), pate- 
facere (= to make clear), manifestum facers (= to 
make — ), (in medium) pro/errs (— to make gen- 
erally known), comb, proj'erre etpatefacire ; enun- 
tiare, dcclararc, ostendere, evnlgare, divulgate 
(= to divulge), manifestation, n. significa- 
tio, declaration demons! ratio, indicium ; see De- 
claration, manifesto, n'.'if of the govern- 
ment, edictum; in gen., to issue a — , perhaps 
alqd proponcre. 

manifold, adj. multiplex- (= various), multi- 
formis (— many-shaped) ; may also be rendered 
by varietas with the gen. following (e.g. — 
learning, varietas doctrinarum; — sounds, varie- 
tas sononm); to possess —learning, multipart 



man 



763 



map 



varidquc doctrind esse ; or it may be rendered by 
multi (— many), creber (= frequent) ; at the — 
requests of, saepe rogatus. 

maniple, n. manipvlus. manipulate, 
v.tr. tractare; see Treat, manipulation, n. 
tri(c!(i(iO. ' 

manliness, n. manly, adj. see Man. 

manna, h. Mrwiia (Eccl.). 

■ manner, n. = way of performing', ratio, 

modus (= mode, guide), via (= way, sure mode), 

comb, ratio et via, ratio et modus; genus, -erls 

(= mode of proceeding, e.g. argumentandi genus, 

— of arguing; dicendi genus, — of express- 
ing one's sentiments); = custom, habitual prac- 
tice, ratio, consuetudo (= custom according to 
which one is wont to act), Titus, -us (= mode of 
acting as established by custom or habit, or by 
the law ; hence the instinctive habit of animals), 
comb, ratio et co>isuetudo ; institidum, comb, con- 
suttudo et institutum ; = sort, kiud, genus; = 
certain degree or measure, quodammodo ; in a 
— , in liko — , eodem or pari modo; = mien, car- 
riage, ratio (in gen.), mos (= — in gen., distinct 
mode), mores, -urn, m. (= the whole — of a per- 
son); = anybody's general way, ingenium alcjs 
Moresque (— character) ; that is my — , ita sum, eo 
sum ingenio, ita ingenium meum es<(=that is my 
character), sic mens est mos (= my — , mode), mca 
sic est ratio (= my — of proceeding) ; as it is my 
— , your — , in my — , sicut mens est mos, also 
meo more, ex or pro consuetudine med, tud, con- 
suetudine men ; it is not my — , non est meae con- 
suetudinis ; to live in his — , suo more or suo 
instituto vivere ; what — is that? qui istic mos 
est ? after, in the — or way of, etc. (= like), 
more alcjs (e.g. in the — of parents, wild beasts, 
a torrent, more parentum, ferarum, torrentis, 
fluminis) ; in morem alcjs (e.g. in the — of 
cattle, in morem pecu.dv.in) ; in the — of slaves, 
servilem in modum ; modo or ritu alcjs (e.g. in the 

— of robbers, women, beasts, ritu latronum, 
mulierum, pecudum) ; in this — , hoc modo, lute 
ratione, ita or sic (= thus) ; in an equal — , pari 
modo ; = style, stilus (of a writer), manus, -its (of 
an artist, painter ; e.g. written in the Attic — , 
Attico stilo scriptus). manners, n. in the pi. = 
established customs, mores; good — , boni mores; 
a person of good — , homo bene moralus, modeslus; 
to follow anyone's — , alcjs mores induere or 
imitari ; = decent deportment, mores ; refined, 
elegant — , morum elegantia, mores elegantes 
(in gen.), ttrbanitas (= courteous — ), humanitas 
(= gentlemanly — , that show a man of good 
education); without — , rudis et moris omnti 
ignarus {=: rude and ignorant); vitae communis 
igiuirus (= one who knows nothing of the 
rules of society), riisticus, agrestis (~ rude, 
rough, clumsy), inurbanus (= without refine- 
ment), humanitatis expers, inhumanus, man- 
nerism, n. ratio, or any word = manners, 
and define it by context (e.g. a now — in speak- 
ing, nova ratio loquendi), or by adj. or adv. 
putidus, putide- (e.g. putide dicire = to speak 
with — s) ; see Affected, Affectation, man- 
nerist, n.' pictor qui tabnlafsuo -(or akjs) 
more pingit. mannerly, I. ad\.-*urb<inus, hu- 
manus, perpolitus ; see Polite. II. adv. urbane, 
humane, humaniter, perpolile; see Politely. 

manoeuvre, I. n. 1, military, decursio, tie- 
cursus, -us (decursio always as the act of 
manoeuvring, decursus — the — itself) ; mililibns 
decursionem or, if for amusement, certamen ludi- 
crum indiccre (— to give the order for holding 
a — , to announce a — ) ; milites in decursionem 
fir in certamen ludicrum cdxvcre (= to let the 
troops march out for a — , Veget.), certamen 
ludicrum committirc ; to hold a — (at sea), vrve- 
Uuni mval? ' committers (of the commander) ; 



2, see Scheme, Trick. II. v.intr. 1, to — , in 

decursionem exire (= to march out to a — ), in 
armis decurrere, or simply decurrere (= to make 
evolutions for exercise), inter se in modum 
justae pugnae concunere (= to hold a sham fight 
for exercise and amusement) ; 2, see Scuemf., 
Trick. 

manor, n. fundus, praedium. 

mansion, n. in gen., aectes, num., f. ; see 
House: 

mantelet, n. vinea, pluteus, testudo. 
mantle, n. amiculum, palla (for women), 
pallium, pallioluM (= Greek — ), lacerna (= thick 
— ), chlamys (=s light — ),paenula (with a hood for 
travelling), sagum, sagulum ( = soldier's or 
servant's — ), paludamentum ( — general's — ). 
mantel-piece, n. by mensa (= table), pltdev.s 
or tabula (= shelf). 

manual, I. adj. = performed by the hand, 
manu med, tud, etc., /actus; — labour, or*ira 
(opp. urs), or by manus (e.g. to get a bare living 
from the earnings of one's — labour, manuum 
merccde inopiam tolerare). II. n. = small book, 
libellus. 

manufactory, n. = the building, officina. 
manufacture, I. n, = operation of manufac- 
turing, artis opus, -eris, opera fabiilis; — is at a 
standstill, op.jacet ; = the article — d, ojrus quod 
arte or manuj'actum est. II. v.tr. fabricare ; see 
also Make, manufacturer, n. opifex, -ids, 
fabricator (always witli the gen. of the thing 
that is manufactured), artifcx, -ids (of artificial 
objects), textor ( = a weaver), manufactur- 
ing-town, n. urbs ojjicinis nobilis (= known 
by its manufactures). 

manumission, n. missio (in gen.), manu- 
missio (of a slave), manumit, v.tr. alqm 
manu mittere, or as one word, manumittere. 

manure, I. n. stercus, -6ris, fimus. II. 
v.tr. stercorare. 

manuscript, n. 1, = anything in one's own 
handwriting intended for recital or for the 
press, chirographum ; 2, =a written work, liber, 
libellus, or further denned as opp. to printed 
book, manu scriptus or nondum editus. 

many, n. multi, hand pauci; see Much; 
creber or frequens (— — together) ; an assembly 
of — people, magna frequentia (hominum) ; a 
good — , cempiures, plerique; as — as, quot . . . tot ; 

— a thing, — things, nonnulli, aliquot, quidam 
(= some), sunt qui . . . ; — a time, nonnunquam 
( = now and then), interdum ( = sometimes) ; 

— times indeed, perhaps aliqnando ; not 

— things, but much (i.e. not much, but well), 
non multa, sed multum ; — ways, — a way, varie, 
vario modo, muUis modis ; these — years, abhinc 
multos anuos; to make — words, verba fucere, 
longum esse; — men, — minds, quot homines, 
tot sententiae (Ter.) ; of — meanings, ambiguus 
(= ambiguous, equivocal, e.g. a word, verbum ; 
an oracle, oracutum) ; with — corners, polygonius 
(Vitruv.), in pure Latin, f mnltangulus (Lucret.) ; 
to have — corners, plurium angulorum formam 
exhibcre ; with — feet, mullis pedibus, t multipes, 
t multiformis ; — times, saejv, sae}>enumcro 
( = often), crcbro ( = frequently, repeatedly), 
persaepe, saepissime ( = very often), iterum atquc 
iterum. (=again and again), etiamatqiteetiam; how 

— times, quotie(n)s; so — times, totic(n)s; as 

— times ... as, toties . . . quoties ; however 

— times, quotiesciuuiue, quoliescumque ; — times 
greater, multiplex, many-coloured, adj. 
variis coloribns dislinctus, multicolor (Plin.). 
many-headed, adj. multa capita habens. 
many-sided, lit. + multangulus, polygonius. 

map, I. n. tabula ; a — of a certain part of a 
country^ a — of a country, regio (e.g. in Gtrma* 



map 



I 
764 



mar 



nid) in tabula or in membrand or in ckartd picta 
or depicta. II. v.tr. terrurum situs pingere; to 
— out, designare, describcre. mapping, n. 
graphis, -ulos, f. 

maple, n. acer; of — , acemus. 

mar, v.tr. dcformare, corrumpere ; see 
Spoil. 

marauder, n. praedator, direptor. ma- 
rauding, adj. praedatorius, praedabundus. 

marble, I. n. marmor ; — cutter, (fabcr) 
marmorarius; statue, bust in — , signnm mar- 
moreum. II. adj. marmorius. 

march, n. (mensis) Martins. 

march, I. v.intr. ambulare (in gen.), in- 
cedire (= of marching exercise, and in war); 
to — out, set out, progredi, proficisci; to be 
on the — , iter facire ; to — off, forward, to de- 
camp, castra movere, promovere, or simply mov- 
ere ; to -- three men abreast, triplici ordine in- 
cedcre ; they were marching thirty men abreast, 
triginta armatorum ordines ibant ; to be march- 
ing quicker, to accelerate one's — , accelerare 
iter; to — behind, to — in the rear, to close the 
rear, agmen claudere, cogcre. II. v.tr. dvccre 
(e.g. exercitum); — back, reducere ; — across, 
tra(ns)ducere ; see Lead. III. n. 1, in a 
military sense, = movement of soldiers, iter, pro- 
feciio(= the marching off) on the — , iterfaciens 
(e.g he was killed on the — , occisus est in ilinere), 
cxitinere( = from the — , i.e., whilst the — is being 
interrupted for a time) ; to make a — , iter facire, 
conficere ; to direct the — to a place, iter alqo 
facere, contendere, convertere, intendcre ; to change 
the route of the — , iter \com)mutare, iter or viam 
fiecteve ; the troops on the — , agmen; 2, ( = 
signal to move), to sound the — , classicum 
canere( = to sound the trumpet); — ! (as a word 
of command) procede t (for one); procedite! (for 
several) ; 3, ( = — of intellect) ; sec Progress ; 
4, ( = a day's journey), iter ; one day's — , iter 
nnins diei, castra, -orum (the latter inasmuch 
as the Romans always pitched a camp after 
every day's — ) ; after a five days' — , quintis 
castris ; to make forced — es, magnis itineribus 
contendere (in gen.), dies noctesque iter facere, 
die et node continuare iter ( = day and night). 
marches, n. fines, -ium, m., confinimn; see 
Boundary. 

mare, n. equa. 

margin, n. margo, m. and f. marginal, 

adj. quod ad marginem perlinet, in margine 
scriptus. 

marine, I. ndj. = belonging to the sea, 
mariniu, ad mare pertinens. II. n. nattta, m. 
(= sailor), miles (-itis) classicus ; the — s, epibatae. 
mariner, n. nauta. maritime, adj. ma- 
ritimvs (= situated near the sea), — state, civi- 
tas maritima (= situated near the sea), civitas 
or gens mart pollens, civitas or gens navibus or 
clause mvltum valcns ( = powerful at sea, having 
a large navy) ; to be a — state, classe (classibus) 
multnm valere. 

marjoram, n. umardcus (Plin.). 

mark, I. n. 1, nota, signnm, signa et notae 
(Cic), indicium, vestigium (= trace); it is the — 
of a wise man, est sapientis (followed by infln.); 
to make one's — , clarum alqd re fieri ; 2, = 
thing aimed at, scopos, -i (Suet.); see Aim ; = 
goal (fig.) ; see Purpose. II. v.tr. (dc)signare, 
nota re ; ■= to take notice of, observare, anim- 
adrertere; — or mind, animum adrertere, ani- 
mum or animn uttendcre ; — out, lit. metiri 
metari ; fig. designare, (de)notare ; see Purpose. 
marked, adj. = distinguished, illustris; in a 
l>a,d sense infamis, insignis (e.g. turpitudine 



insignis). marker, n. 1, in a book, nota 
(= mark) ; 2, = one who marks at a game, 
minister or serous { = assistant) . mark-land, 
n. see Marches, marksman, n. homojacu- 
landi peritus, jaculator. 

market, I. n. 1, maccllum( = provision — >, 
forum ( = — -place), emporium ( = — town), 
nundinac ( = fair) ; the cattle — , forum boari- 
nm ; the vegetable — , forum olitorium; 2, = 
sale, venditio ; to find a — , vendi. II. v.intr. 
nundinari. marketable, adj. venalis. 
market-day, n. nundinae. market- 
garden, n. kortus. market-place, n. 
forum, marketing, n. to go — , nundinari. 

marl, n. marga (Plin.). 
marmalade, n. fructus decocti. 
marmoset, n. simiolus. 
marmot, n. perhaps mus. 

marriage, n. eonjugium, matrimonium, 
nuptiae, con(n)uMum ; a legal, lawful — , con- 
jugium legitimum, matrimonium justum or legi- 
timum, nuptiae justac et legitimae; to contract 
a — , to enter into the state of matrimony. 
in matrimonium ire (Plaut.), ducere uxorem 
(of the man), nubere alci (of the woman); 
matrimonio jungi or conjungi, nuptiis inter 
se jungi (of man and wife) ; to demand any- 
one in — , sibi alqam in matrimonium peterc, 
also simply petere alqam; to be united to anyone 
in — , alqam in matrimonio habere ; to give one's 
daughter in — to anyone, alci filiam (or vir- 
ginem) in matrimonium dare or nuptum dare, 
alci filiam collocare or nuptum locare. mar- 
riage-contract, n. sponsalia, -ium, pactio 
nuptialis ; to make a — , pactionem nup- 
tialcm facere ; the written documentor deed 
containing the — written on tablets, tabu- 
lac legitimae, tabulae nuptiales, dotis tabulae. 
marriage-feast, n. nuptiae. marriage- 
settlement, n. dos, dotis, f. marriageable, 
adj. pubes, -eris (in an age of puberty, in both 
sexes), nubilis, adultus ( = grown up), sponsac or 
marito \maturus. marry, I. v.tr. 1, = to 
unite in matrimony; by the clergyman or 
the person taking his place, sol(l)emnibus 
(solenn-) dictis con(n)ubium sancire ; 2, = to 
dispose of (of females only), alci alqam (in matri- 
monium) collocare, alci in matrimonium dare or 
tradere ; 3, = to take for husband or wife, in 
gen., matrimonio se (con)jungere cum alqo or 
alqd, in matrimonium accipere or recipere ; to 
— a woman (of a man), ducere alqam uxoreni 
in matrimonium, or simply ducere alqam (ux- 
oreni), matrimonio alqam secum conjungere, alqam 
uxoreni sibi adjungere ; to — a man (of a woman), 
nubere alci ; to — each other, matrimonio jungi 
or conjungi, nuptiis inter se jungi; to — again, 
novum matrimonium inire; to — to advantage, 
virginem bene, dotatem ducere (of a man), in lucu- 
lentam familiam colloeari (of a female) ; to be 
married, to be a married man, uxoreni duxisse ; 
to be a married woman, nuytam esse viro. II. 
v.intr. = to enter into the conjugal state, ux- 
orem ducere Hn matrimonium) (see above), 
nubere. viro (of the woman), marrying, u. 
nuptiae. 

marrow, n. 1 medulla ; 2, = the ph. 
sence, the best part of anything, medulla. 
(seldom in this sense, e.g. medulla vcrborum, 
Aul. Gell.), ftos, floris, in. (= the best part of 
anything), marrow-bone, n. os medullosnm 
(not class.). 

marry! interj. medius fidius, mehercle. 

marsh, n. palus, -udis, f. ( = morass). 
marshy, adj. paluster ( = swampy), co.enosus 
( = miry), ulininosus ( = swampy). 



mar 



76o 



mat 



Marshal, I. n. use dux for field — ; s one 
who directs the order of the feast, procession, 
etc., ductor pompae. II. v.tr. instrulre, dis- 
ponere. 

mart, n. see Market. 

martial, adj. militaris, bellicosus ; a — look, 
oculi truces; — law, jus (between nations in a 
state of war), or in the pi. jura belli, lex belli 
(= tho laws of war) ; according to the — law, 
jure or lege belli ; — law, in its theory, leges 
militares. 

martyr, I. n. martyr (Eccl.) ; to become 
a — for, to die a — to a cause, pro alqd re 
mortem occurnbfre. II. v.tr. alqm pro alqd re 
■interficere. martyrdom, n. = death of a 
martyr, martyrium (Eccl.). martyrology, 
n. historia martyrum. 

marvel, n. miraculum, portentum. marvel- 
lous, adj. (pe.rjmirus, (ad)mirandus, mirificus, 
stupendus, (ad)mirabilis (— astonishing, e.g. au- 
dacia), ingeus, imnuinis. Adv. minim in moil um, 
mire, mirifice, (ad)mirabiliter, stupendum in 
nwdum (= in an astonishing manner), valde (= 
very), veliementer (= violently). 

masculine, adj. masculus, masculinus. 

mash, I. n. farrago. II. v.tr. (con)tundere, 
(con)terire. 

mask, I. n. 1, = cover for the face, per- 
sona (esp. on the stage), larva (—an ugly — , 
often used at puntomimes) ; to put on a — 
(in a lit. sense), jrersonam sibi accommodare or 
sibi aptare, personam induere ; to take anyone's 
— oft', alci personam demcre, alcjs capiti personam 
detrahere ; 2, tig. to have put on a different — , 
alienam personam ferre or ge re re, simulare alqd; 
to unmask oneself, to take otf the — , simulatio- 
nem deponfre ; to take off the — from a person 
or thing, tu unmask, fig. alc-i or alci rei per- 
sonam detain et reddcre suam (Sen.) ; to strip off 
the — which anyone wears, and show him in his 
real light, alqm nudare ; to retain the — of 
friendship, speciem aruicitiae retinere; to betray 
anyone under the — of friendship, alqm per 
simulatiouem amicitiue prodere. II. V.tr. 1, lift 
■personam alci aptare, personam alcjs capiti im- 
ponire ; to — oneself, personam sibi accommo- 
dare or sibi aptare, personam induere; se velare 
( = to cover oneself with a veil) ; 2, fig. tegire 
(— to cover ; with anything, alqd re), occultare 
(= to conceal, e.g. one's intentions, ineeplum 
suum). 

mason, n. 1, structor (= builder), faber 
(= carpenter), caementarius ; 2, a free — , * IcM- 
mus. masonry, n. slructura (caementicia). 

masquerade, n. convivivm a convivis per- 
sonalis celehratum. masquerader, n. homo 
personatns. 

mass, I. n t massa, moles, -is, f., summit (= the 
whole) ; a great — , magnum pondus, -eris, n., 
magna copia or vis alcjs rei ; in the — , per satur- 
ate ; — of people, m ultitudo, frequentia ; see Con- 
course,. \sse ,iblv. II. v.tr. colligere (= collect), 
(ac)cwnularc (_— — together); see Collect, AC- 
CUMULATE, massive, adj. 1, solidus (= dense), 
magnus (= great), gravis (= heavy) ; 2, tig. of 
character (e.g. simplicity), gravis, massive- 
ness, n. 1, by ailj. ; 2, gravitas. 

mass, n. = Catholic service, * missa. 

massacre, I. n. etudes, -is, trucidatio, inter- 
necio. II. v.tr. caedere, trucidare, trucidando 
occulere (— to butcher); a great number of 
enemies were — d, magna caeiies fugientium est 
facta. 

mast, n. .on ships, mains, f arbor mali ; the 
— head, mains summus; lower end of the — , 
mains irnus. 



mast, b. =£ fruit of the beech, glans fagea; 
oak — , glans quema. 

master, I. n. 1, as a title, dorninus (e.g. of 
a learned man, vir doctissimus, illustrlssirnvs, 
etc.) ; 2, = one who rules either men or busi- 
ness, paterfamilias or fumiliae (or in one word, 
paterfam-), hems (of the house, the former an 
regards the family, the latter in reference to 
the servants and the entire household), pos- 
sessor (=one who possesses anything); the 
young — of the house, filius herilis, fitius fu- 
miliae (the latter with reference to the family, 
the former as regards the servants) ; 3, = 
lord, ruler, dorninus, princeps, -ipis, in. (the 
first in a state, as opp. to dorninus), tyrannus 
(rvpavvos, = ruler in the most absolute sense), 
dynastes, -is, in. (Svi/ao-n)?, = potentate ; then 
especially sovereign of a small principality) ; to 
be — over anything or anybody, imperare alci 
rei and alci, ]>otentem. esse alcjs rei (both lit. and 
fig.) ; praeesse alci rei and alci (= to preside over, 
in a lit. sense) ; Prov., like — , like man, plane 
qualis dorninus talis et servus ; — of, potens witli 
genit. ; to be — of anything, alqd in siul potestate 
habere, alqm locum tenere ; to get — of, potiri 
(in good prose, alqd re, alqd, alcjs Irei) potiri, 
rerum potiri, to seize the government) ; 4, = the 
— under whom a youth serves his apprenticeship, 
magister, paterfamilias, hern* (Com.) ; 5, = 
teacher, magister ; Q, of a man perfectly skilled 
in any occupation, a — in anything, artifei- 
(with the genit., especially with the genit. of 
the gerund) ; antistes, -itis, m. and f., jrrinceps 
alcjs rei (= one of the first, a man of importance 
in anything), perfectus et absohdus in alqd re 
(— perfect in any art or science), alqd re or in alqd 
re excellere (= to be foremost, excel in anything) ; 
Horace is a — in the art of portraying the 
human character, Horatlus ad notandos hominum 
mores praecipuus ; 7> fig. = — over oneself, sui 
potens or compos ; — of arts, • magister liberalium 
arlium (abbreviated M.A. or A.M.); — of the 
ceremonies at court, comes, -itis, officiorttm, 
magister ojficiorum or aulae (in gen.) ; at audien- 
ces, levees, magister admissionum (all under 

Roman emperors); — builder, architectus ; 

piece, opus summo artificio factum; —ship, 
= superior skill, summa alcjs rei j/eritia ; = 
office of a guvei'nor, magislerium. II. v.tr. 1, = 
to subdue, domare, vincere, supcrare ; see Subdue, 
Conquer; to — all one's passions, contine're 
omnes cupiditates ; the fire (the flames) was — ed, 
vis flammae oppressa est ; 2, to — a tiling, 
= to understand, intellegere {intellig-), discere 
(= to learn), consequi (= to attain), alqd cogni- 
tum habere, perspicere, alqa re' instructum ess*. 
masterfUl, adj. insolens, superbus, contumar, 
arrogans. Adv. insolenter,.superbe,coutumaciter, 
arroganter. masterfulness, n. insolent iv, 
superbia, contumacia, arrogantia. masterly, 
adj. artificiosus ( = executed or executing with — 
skill, of" persons and things), artifex (= of per- 
sons), summd or singulari arte, summo artificio 
factus, callidissimo artificio factus, singulari 
opere arlfiicioque or politissimd arte perfectus 
(==made in a — manner, of tilings) ; a speech 
delivered in a — manner, oratio artis plena. 
mastery, n. 1, = victory,- victoria; see also 
Power ; 2, = attainment of eminent skill, to 
obtain the — of a thing, pcrtlisdre ( = to learn a 
thing accurately, thoroughly) ; see alsA Master, 
I. 7, and II. 

mastic, mastioh, u. mastidhe(Flin.), retina 

lentlscina (Plin.). 

masticate, n. manducarc, mandere. mas- 
tication, n. use verb. 

mastiff, n. perhaps canis Molossus. 

mat, I. n. = texture of sedge, etc., storea or 



mat 



mat 



Gloria, leges, -His, f., tegeticukt. XL v.tr. =*• toge- 
ther, implicare. 

match, n. for getting a light, sulphurata, 
•OTUffi (Mart.), ij7>u'arnim(Pliu.) ; a — box, pyxis 
or Dikf. (sulpliuralorum). 

match, I. n. 1, = one's equal (in a contest, 
etc.); a — for . . ., par alci or alci rei (opp. 
impar); to be a — for anyone, alci parem esse 
(e.g. bello), non inferiorem esse alqo ; to be a — 
for a thing, alci rei parem (e.g. a business, nego- 
tiis), alqd sustinere (e.g. a burden, a load, 
moleni); 2, = contest, certamen; 3, see Mar- 
riage. II. v.tr. — oneself with, cum alqo in 
certamen descendire, congredi cum alqo (= to 
try one's strength against anyone, e.g. in a duel), 
parem esse alci, non inferiorem esse alqo ; = 
to compare, ucquare alqm and alci rei or 
alqd; = to suit, adaequare, exaeqnare alqd cum 
olqd re or alci rei ; = to join, (con)jungire, 
copulare cum alqd re. III. v.intr. = to lie like, 
alci rei ■ similem ■ or parem esse, matchless, 
adj.- singularis, incomparabilis . (Plin.) mucus, 
praestans (or in superl. praestanlissimus), egrc- 
gius; see Excellent. match-maker, n. 
nwptiarum conciliator, -trix. 

mate, I. n. 1, = one that eats at the same 
table, mess—, convictor (= one who constantly 
associates and lives, eats and drinks with 
another), sochis (= companion), conju(n)x ( = 
husband or wife) ; 2, in a merchant ship 
or ship of war, (sub mugistro) nautis praeposi- 
tus. II. v.tr. 1, in chess, 0/9111 vincere or ad 
incitas redigcre ; 2, in gen., see Match II. 

material, I. adj. 1, = consisting of matter, 
not spiritual, corporens ; the spirit is not — , 
mens ab omni mortali concreti'mc segrcgata est ; 
2, = not trivial, substantial, — point, res (opp. 
sententia, argnmentum) ; — gain, lucrum, quaes- 
ius, -us; — wants, indigentia, inopia (as the 
want felt); — pleasure, volupkis. Adv. 111 omni 
genere (= in all respects), mvltum valde (= 
greatly), reirera) (= really). II. n. = anything 
composed of matter, materia (materies, lit. and 
fig.), res (= what is — , opp. verba), silva (often 
quasi silva ; in a tig. sense, plenty of — , e.g. 
primvm silva rerum ac sententiarum comparanda 
est); the — for a rampart, agger, -ens, m. ; a 
stock of — and of words, copia rerum et ver- 
lorum; to collect —3, silvam rerum comparare; 
to leave — s about anything historical, in 
commenturiis alqd. reli.n quire ; — s for war, belli 
apparatus, -us. materialism, n. opinio corum 
qui nihil in naturd esse statuunt nisi corpora. 
materialist, 11. qui nihil in rerum naturd 
esse statu it nisi corpora. 

maternal, adj. maternus ; — feelings, ani- 
mus maternus; — affection, love, amor maternus, 
amor matris orga liberos, matema indulgentia 
(= — indulgence), maternity, n. animus ma- 
ternvi; see also above. 

mathematical, adj. mathemuticus, accu- 
ralus, certus (fig., = exact, accurate, certain); — 
calculation, muthematiannm ratio ; to infer with 
— exactness, necessarid mathematicorum ratione 
concludere. alqd; with — certainty, eertissimus. 
Adv. by adj. mathematician, n. mathe- 
maticus, or by cii'cumloc, mathematicarum ar- 
tiumperitus. mathematics, n. mathematics, 
•ae (SenA 

' matins, n. matulinae preces, -urn (- morn- 
ing prayer). 

matricide, n. 1, matricidium (=the crime); 
2, matricida, 111. and f. (= the person). 

matriculate, v.tr. (a student), alqm civi- 
tati academicae or in civitatem academiram a(d)- 
scribere. matriculation, n. see Rbove. 



matrimony, n. matrimonium ; see MaK> 
riage. matrimonial, adj. 6ee Conjugal, 
Connubial. 

matron, n. matrona; — of a workhouse, 
etc., custos, -odis, procuratrn. matronly, 
adj. matronalis. 

matter, n. 1, (= substance excreted from liv- 
ing animal bodies), pus, puris, 11. (Cels.) ; full of 
— ,purulcntus; 2, (= visible, tangible —),corjnis, 
■oris, n.,rescorporeac, quae cerni tangique possunt ; 
3, (in a more general and philosophical sense), 
rerum nalura, principia rerum ex quibus omnia 
constant ; 4, (= thing treated of), res, propositvm 
(= that of which the speaker intends to treat) ; 
that has nothing to do with the — , hoc nihil est 
ad rem; to come to the — , ad propositum or (id 
rem ipsam venire ; but let us return to the — in 
hand (after a digression), jam ad instituta per- 
gamns; (after an introduction) sed ad propositi' m 
revertamus, or simply sed ad prop 'situm; but to 
return to the — in hand, sed vt eo reverter, itnde 
sum cgrcssus ; ut eoundc egressa est referat se 
oratio ; to cut the — short, vt palicis dicam, vt 
in pauca ennfernm, ne longum flat, ne langnx 
sim; it is a difficult — to, etc., difficile est 
(with infin. or with supine in -«) ; = material, 
materia (materies), silva (often quasi silva) ; 
= event, occurrence, res, res gesta ; = affair, 
cause, res (in gen., also = disputed point in a 
lawsuit, the lawsuit itself); ncgotium (=a busi- 
ness to perform, engagement), cavs(s)" (in a 
war, in a lawsuit, or in a literary discussion) ; 
to meddle with the — s of other people, aliena 
negotia curare; how is it with the — ? how do 

— s stand ? quo loco res est. ? ut res se habet ? how 
stands your — ? quomodo tibi res seliabct? the 

— is settled, judicata res est ; concerning the — , 
quod rem or res spectat ; pith of the — ,res; — 
of fact, factum ; what's the — ? quid or quidnam 
est ? quid rei est ? quid acridit ? what's the — 
with her? quid tristis est? (of one who seems 
sorrowful), nuo morbo laborat ? (of one who is 
ill); upon the whole — , denique; a small — , 
paul(l)ulum, aliqvantum. it matters, v.imp. 
interest, re/e.rt ; with genit. if used of a person 
to whom it matters ; but if tho person is ex- 
pressed by a personal pronoun, we use the abl. 
med, tud, nostrd, vestrd, e.g. to me it — s, med 
interest or refert ; the thing in which we feel an 
interest can never be expressed by a noun, but 
must bo rendered with the acciiR. and infin., 
the simple infin., or by a relative clause (oblique 
interrogation), or with ut ; how much it matters 
is expressed by magnopcre, mag is, maxime, 
minhne, mvltum, permullvm, plurimvm, nihil, 
etc, or by the genit, of the value, e.g. magni, 
permagni, "parvi, pluris, tanti, quanti, etc., e.g 
it — s a great deal to me whether you are with 
me or not (I am very anxious for you to be 
present with me), maxime nostrd interest te esie. 
nObiscum; at Rome, pennagni nostrd interest te 
esse Romac. 

matting, n. see Mat. 

mattock, n. dalabra. 

mattress, n. stragulum ; a — of goat's hair, 
cilicinm. 

mature, I. adj. 1, matuhts (= ripe, of full 
age), tempestivus(= seasonable) ; 2, of judgment, 
etc., consideratus, sapiens, miidens, sagax, per- 
spicax, intelligent (iittellig-X Adv. mature (= 
soon), tempestive (= seasonably), considerate, 
sapi enter, vmdenter, sagaciter, inttilegcntcr (i«- 
tellig-). II. v.tr. 1, = ripen, maturare, coquere,; 
2, tig. parare, efficcre, fingcre ; see Devise, Pke- 
tare. III. v.intr. matnrescire. mature- 
ness, maturity, n. malnritas (= timeliness, 
lit. and fig.); to bring to — , ad matuntatem 
perducere (lit.) ; to come to — , maturescere (also 



mat 



767 



mea 



fig. = to be bruiight to a state' of perfection, 
Plin.). 

matutinal, adj. matutlnus. 

maudlin, adj. see Drunken, Silly. 

maul, v.tr. laedere (= injure). 

maunder, v.intr. nugari. 

mausoleum, n. mausoleum (Suet.); sec 
Tomb. 

maw, n. ingluvies, venter; see Stomach. 

mawkish, adj. putidus. Adv. putide. 
mawkishness, n. use adj. 

maxim, p. dogma ({dy^o), or in pure Latin 
decretum (= principle established by a philo- 
sopher, doctrine), praeceplum (^ precept, where- 
by we determine an action, a rule or any 
doctrine, also said of a philosopher), institution, 
sententkt (in gen. = an opinion founded upon 
reasons), judicium (■=. conviction, anyone's view 
of a matter, arrived at after mature considera- 
tion), regula edejs rei or ad quam alqd dirigitur 
(= rule, principle upon which we act in a 
matter; never without the genit. of the object, 
e.g. the same — applies with regard to gain, as, 
etc., e.g. eadem utilitatis quae honestatis est 
regula) ; lex (= law, stated rule, e.g. primam 
esse hisloriae legem). 

maximum, n. quod maximum est ; the — 
gain, qvaeslus (-lis) maximus. 

May, n. (mensis) Mains. May-day, n. 
Kalcndae Muiae. 

may, verb aux. 1, = to be possible ; see 
Possible, Can ; 2, = to have physical power ; 
see Able, Can ; 3, = to have moral power; see 
Allow, Dare; 4, see Perhaps ; however, as no 
precise mode in which this verb is to be rendered 
can be stated, each person's individual judgment, 
formed by attentive reading, must be the guide; 

— . . . ever so, still, etc., tametsi . . . tameu ; 
if — expresses a conjecture, it is rendered by 
videri, e.g. yon — not be fully aware of his bold- 
ness, parum perspexisse ejus viderisaudaciam ; he 

— be twenty years old, viginti annos natus esse 
videtur ; a thing that — be done, etc., or — in 
forms of prayer and petition, should bo rendered 
simply by the subjunctive mood, or sometimes 
by the inf., e.g. he — go, eat ; somebody might 
say, forsitau quispiam dixerit or forte aliquis 
dicet (=; perhaps someone will say) ; however tney 

— grumble, I shall say what I think, fremant, 
dicam quod senlio ; whoever he — be, etc., qui- 
cunque is est ; as fast as — be, quam celei-rime ; 
you — for me, (per me) licet ; if I — 6ay so, si 

Ma loqulordicere licet, sit venia verbi; — be, see 
Perhaps. 

mayor, n. urbis pratfcclus, -us (Suet.). 
mayoralty, n. urbis praefectura. 

maze, n. labyrinthus (qui itinerum ambages 
occursusque ac recursus intxplicabilis continet, 
Plin.). mazy, adj. inexplicabilis (Plin.), , in- 
extricabilis. 

mead, n. mulsum. 

mead, meadow, n. pratum; belonging to, 
growing on the*-^, pratensis ; — land, — ground, 
pratum. meadowy, adj. viuita prata habens. 

meagre, adj. 1, of flesh ; see Lean ; 2, as 
in — eoil, exilis; see Barren; 3, — wauling 
strength of diction, jejuuus, exilis, aridus. Adv. 
jejune, eriliter. meagreness, n. 1, see Lean- 
ness ; 2, exilitas; 3, jejunitas exilitas. 

meal, n. farina (of wheat or any other 
kind of grain) ; see Flour, mealy, adj. fari- 
narius. 

meal, n. in gen. dims (= food) ; epulae (= 
banquet); properly only two among the Romans, 
Yiz., the morning — , prandium ; and the chief 



— of the day, tola (coen-), taken iu the decline at 
the day. Besides these, the jentaculum, taken 
on rising iu the morning, was a very slight 
refreshment. The prandium was taken about 
noon, hence elbum meridianum sumere. Between 
the prandium and the cena the Romans some- 
times took a luncheon (gustare). To take a — is 
edlre, cibum capire, prandire, pmndium come- 
dire, gustare (= to lunch), cenare, cenitare, epuluri 
(= to feast, to banquet) ; to take a — at any- 
one's table, accubare aprul alqm. 

mean, adj. = low and unworthy, illiberalU, 
sordidus (= unworthy a free man), ubjectus(= 
Contemptible), turpi* (— base), improbus (= dis- 
honest), of clothing, etc., sordidus ; of rank, 
humilis, ignobilis, obscurus (= morally bad and 
low), fucdus (= foul, of things) ; — plan, foedurn 
consilium. Adv. illiberal iter, sordkle, abjecte, 
abjecte et sine dignitate, turpiter, tnrpiter et 
nequiter, foede. meanness, n. illiberal Has, 
animus abjectus, improbitas, sordes, -(i)um, in- 
dignitas; of rank, humilitas,ignobilitas, obscuri- 
tas ; to bear all — es, omnes indignitaies (per)- 
ferre ; to lead anyone to — , alqin ad ncquitiam 
adducere ; I fear to commit a — , exlimescc ne 
quid turpiter faciam. 

mean, or medium, n. res media, modus ; 
there is no — between peace and war, inter paeem 
et bellum medium nihil est. means, n. = what- 
ever serves to the attainment of an object, via, 
ratio, consilium, faadtas, auxilium, ailjumcntvm; 
a — which leads to your end, id quod eo quointen- 
dasferl deducitque ; ways and — , via atque ratio ; 
to select or take a — , rationem (or viam) t aire (or 
11 ihil caper* or sequi) ; to try all — , omnia experiri, 
nihil incxpcrlum omittfre ; to try the last — , ex- 
trema experiri or audire, ad extrema (ad ultimum 
auxilium) descendire ; to endeavour by all — , out- 
ni ope atque operd eniti (with ut or ne) ; by fair — , 
recte; by fowl— , foede, turpiter; by all — ,omninn, 
prorsus, plane; concessively, (ita) sane, rem, 
utiquc ; by no — , neutiquam, haudquaquam, 
minimc, nulla modo ; =• resources (see the 
word), opes, facilitates, divitiae; I have" — to live, 
habeo wide livam ; I have no — to, etc., ad alqd 
perficiendum mihi desunt facilitates ; out of your 
own — , tuis opibus, privato sumptu; by — of, 
ope (or auxilio) alcjs, alqo jurante, per alqm; (if a 
thing, the ablative alone is generally employed), 
to mount the wall by — of ladders, scalis muntm 
a(d)sccndere ; by participles, praeliis secundis 
usns, =■ by — of successful engagements. If you 
wish to represent a cause, operation, or occasion, 
employ per; mulieres per aetatem ad pugnuvi 
inutilis, = women useless for fight by — » (= on 
account) of their age ; per se cognitus, by his 
own — or efforts ; per Caeciliam agere, =» to carry 
on by — of Caecilia ; eorum operd plebs con- 
citata est, = by their — the people were stirred 
up ; ejus bencjlcio in curiam venerant, — by his 

— (or favour) they had entered the senate. 

mean, v.tr. 1, = to have in contemplation, 
velle, cogiture ; see Intend ;. 2, = to design with 
reference to a future act, e.g. to — well to auy- 
one, bond Jide agere cum alqo, aid bene velle, aki 
cujifte (but never alci bene cupere iu this sousp), 
alci favere, Comb, old favere ct cupgre ; alci 
amicum esse, alci cupere et amicum esse : 3, = to 
signify, dicire alqm or alqd, signijleare, desigilare, 
denature, also with the addition oratione sua (= 
to allude to anyone in one's speech, words) ; I 

— Ililarns, Jiiiarum dieo ; intellegcre (intcllig-, 
= to understand by), what does he — ? quid sibi 
vult ? what does he — by these words? quid sibi 
vult haec oratio? quid sibi volunt verba ista ? = 
to be a sign for expressing an idea, signijicare, de- 
clarare, sonare (lit. to sound), valere (= to contain 
such and such a meaning) ; this word (the word 



mea 



768 



mee 



hecco) — s the bill of a cock, id gallinacei rostrum 
valet, meaning, n. 1, — that whicli exists in 
the mind (e.g. yes, that is my — , mihi vero sic 
placet, sic hoc mihi vidctur ; see Intention, 
wish, Opinion ; 2, see Purpose, Aim ; 3, = 
signification, significalio (of a word), vis (= 
force of an expression!, sententia (=the idea 
whicli tho person speaking attaches to a certain 
word), notio (= original Idea of a word ; see 
Idea), iutellectus, -us (how a word is to be 
understood, post Aug. t.t, Quint.) ; it is neces- 
sary to fix the — of the verb "to be in want 
of,' Mud cicutiendum est, quid sit caklke ; to 
give a — to a word, verbo vim, sentrutiam, 
notionem sub[j)ic?re ; well- — , see Benevo- 
lent. 

meander, v.intr. flexuoso cursu flue're. 

measles, n. 1, = disease in man, "morbilli 
(t.t.) ; 2, = disease in pigs, * hydatis finna (not 
class.). 

-measurable, adj. quod meiiri possumtis. 
measurableness, n. render by adj. mea- 
sure, I. n. 1, mensura ( = that by which 
extent oi' dimension is ascertained, lit. and 
tig., in an abstract and concrete sense), modus 
( = proportion, limit as to how far a person ought 
or is allowed to go), moderation = moderation) ; 
weights and — s, mensurae, et pondera, -urn (Plin.) ; 
to take the — of anything, mensuram alcjs rei in- 
ire; with full — ,plenomodio, cumulate; according 
to the — of.'.pro mofio, jiro ratione (but generally 
by pro with ablat., according to, e.g. pro viribus 
agere, pro se quisqiie, i.e. everyone according to 
his strength); beyond — , out of all — , sine 
motlo, praetcr or extra or supra modum, immodice, 
immculerule, majorem in motlum ( = beyond the 
URUal — ), nimis ( = too much), admodum ( = ex- 
ceedingly), longe (=by far, with RliperL, e.g. longe 
omnium maximus), sic vt nihil supra possit, adco 
v.1 nihil supra ; in such a — , hoc modo, tali modo, 
sic; in some — , alqo modo, alqd ratione, alqd ex 
parte, alqd, nonnlhil ( = somehow, in some way ; 
this relieves me in some — , me res alqd sublevat); 
in a certain — , quodam modo ; also when it 
modifies an expression, by ut ita dicam, quasi, 
quidam with the word the meaning of which it 
modifies (e.g. all arts have ir- «nme — a common 
tie, amnes artes habent quoddam commune vincu- 
lum) ; in such a — as, prout ; — for — , par pari, 
re/erre or respondlrt ; 2, = steps taken, ratio 
(= mode of acting), consilium (= plan), remedium 
(= remedy); a wise — , consilium prudens; to take 
a — , rationrm inire, consilium capere ; to take 
— accoiding to time and circumstances, con- 
silium pro tempore et pro re capire ; to take good, 
practical or effective — , bonis consiliis uti ; to 
take joint — , consilia communicare ; 3, in music, 
modi, Humeri; see also Metre. II. v.tr. 1, = 
to ascertain extent, degree, (di)metiri, emetiri, 
permetiri, mensuram alcjs rei inire; 2, = to 
ascertain the degree of anything (e.g. of heat), 
emetiri; 3, = to travel over, emetiri; see Pass, 
v.tr. ; 4, = to judge of distance, etc., by any- 
thing (also fig. = to judge by, etc.), (di)metiri 
alqd alqd re; 5, = t'o adjust, proportion, lit. 
metiri ; fig. =; to determine the ratio of one 
thing to another, alqd dirigere ad ulqm rem nr 
alqd re ; with what judgment ye judge, ye shall 
be judged, and with what — ye mete, it shall be 
measured to you again, in quo juilirio jvdicaver- 
itis, jud icabimini , et in qndmensuici mensifurritis, 
remetietnr vobis (Vulgate). III. v.intr. render by 
magnititdine esse (with genit. ,e.g. quinque pedum). 
measured, adj. see Moderate, measurer, 
n. qui metitur, mensor. measureless, adj. 
immensus, infinites, measurement, n. men- 
sio (=the act), mensura (= the maimer); see 
Measure, measuring-rod, n. decempeda. 



meat, n. 1, = anything eaten by man 61' 
beast, see Food; 2, = flesh, caro, -nis, f . ; a 
small piece of — , caruncula ; a piece of least — , 
coro assa or assum, with distinguishing adj. (e.g. 
assum vitulinum = veal); boiled — , caro elixa ; 
cooked — , caro coda ; salt — , caro sale, conspersa 
or conditanea ; horse — , eqnorum pabulum ( — 
food for the horses); — market, macellnm 
( = general market). 

mechanic, n. faber. opifex. mechanical, 
adj. machinalis (Plin.), mcchanicus (Aul. Gell.), 
organicus (architectural term) ; to possess — 
skill, manibus exercitatum esse. Adv. sine mente 
ac ratione. mechanics, n. as a science, 
scientia machinalis ( = knowledge of — , me- 
chanical science, Plin.). mechanism, n. 
machinatio. 

medal, n. nummus in memoriam alcjs rei 
cusus (to commemorate an event), medall- 
ion, n. clipeus or clipeum (hi the form of a 
shield) ; see also Medal. 

meddle, v.intr. see Interfere, meddler, 
n. ardelio (Phaed., Mart.), homo imporlunus, 
molestHs. meddling, adj. see Inquisitive. 

mediaeval, adj. ad medium aerutu or ad 
patrum tempore pertinents. 

mediate, I. adj. opp. to immediate ; in 
philosophy, causes so termed are thus discri- 
minated by Cicero, caus(s)urnm aliae. sunt adju- 
vantes, aliae proximae, of causes, some are 
mediate, others immediate. Adv. per eaus(s)as 
adjvvantes. II. v.intr. se interponcre. ad alqd 
faciendum; see also Reconcile. III. v.tr. — 
a peace, pucem conciliare. mediation, ri. 
use deprecator (e.g. we deprecatore, by my — ). 
mediator, n. qui se (or av.Horitatem suam) 
intcrponit, arbiter, qui arbitri partes agit or siis- 
tinet, interpret, -etis (= one who, as a translator, 
represents the interests of his party), conciliator 
alcjs rei ( = he who brings about an object, e.g. 
a marriage, conciliator nuptiarum), deprecator(\n 
gen.). 

medicable, adj. see Curable, medical, 
adj. fmedicus, medicinus, medicinalis ; — pro- 
perties, by vis medendi ; — man, medicus (in 
gen.), medicament, medicine, n. 1, 
medicina, medicamev{tvm), remedium (as a 
remedy for some complaints, ad, contra alqd) ; 
counteracting — , antidvtos (antidolum) ; per- 
taining to — , medicinalis ; 2, = medical science, 
medicina, ars medicinalis, ars medendi ; to 
practise — , medicinam exercere. medicine- 
bottle, n. poculum (— cup), medicine- 
box, n. narthecium, pyxis. medicinal, 
adj. saluber, salntaris. Adv. remedio (dat. = as 
a remedy). 

mediocre, adj. mediocris. mediocrity, 
n. mediocritas. 

meditate, v.intr. 1, eogitare, meditari, com- 
mentari ; see Think; 2, see Intend, medi- 
tation, n. cogitatio, commentatio, meditatio, 
comb, commentatio atque meditatio ; see Thought. 
meditative, adj. by adv. attento animo, in 
cogitutionc dejixus. 

medium, n. a middle course, fig. media con- 
silia, -oruia, media consilii via ; to pursue a — , 
mediam consequi consilii viam, medium quandam 
sequi viam ; see Means. 

medlar, n. mespilum ; — tree, mespilus, f. 
(Plin.). 

medley, n. farrago (Juv.), colluvio rcrum, 
so too colluvio omnium scelerum. 

meed, n. praemium ; see Reward. 

meek, adj. demissvs, modestus, verecundus. 
Adv. mod'este, rereennde, meekness, n. animus 
demissus, modestia, verecundia. 



moe 



769 



men 



meet, adj. see Fit, Proper, Useful. 

meet, I. v.tr. 1, alci occurrire, obviam 

venire, obvium se dare, obvium esse, obvittm or 
obvium fieri, (obviam) se offcrre (all in gen. = 
to — a poison). congredX cum alqo (of two 
meeting ouch . other on the way), offenders 
alqm, incidere alci or in alqm (accidentally), (in- 
proviso alci incidere (unexpectedly), obviam ire 
(intentionally) ; somebody — s me on Die road, 
se inter viam offert alqs ; — to go to — , obviam' 
ire (out of politeness, or from hostile motives), 
occur rere, occursare, obviam procedure, obviam 
venienti procedure, obviam venire or progredi, 
obviam egredi (all with dat. ; in Plant. andTer.); 
= to come together in any place, invenire, 
reperirs alqm (or alqd, = to Anil anyone whom 
we wish to see), offenders alqm (or alqd, = acci- 
dentally, unexpectedly to fall upon anything 
or upon a person \ nancisci ( = to — acci- 
dentally, to catch, e.g. anyone alone, without 
a witness, alqm sine arbitris), convenire alqm (= 
to — anyone by appointment to whom we wish 
to speak) ; to he met (e.g. he can be met at, 
etc.), inveniri, reperiri ; to he met at a certain 
place, frequentare locum; 2, fig. = to encounter 
(e.g. to — danger), periculo obviam ire, se offcrre, 
se opponcre, se committere ; to — deut!\ morion 
oppctere, morti se offerre or se ol>(j)icerc; = to 
receive with kindness (e.g. to — anyone's views), 
consent ire de alqd re; to — kindly, to — half- 
way, urlianum or liberalem se praebere alci. II. 
v.intr. 1, of two persons, inter se obvios esse, 
inter se congredl or convenire, concurrire inter se 
(accidentally) ; to — by appointment, congrcdi 
cum alqo, convenire alqm (e.g. on the road, e.r 
itinere) ; cmfiuere (in large numbers), concurrire, 
oonvolare ( = to hasten together) ; 2, of lines, 
circumstances, etc., convenire; 3, = to — in a 
hostile manner, (infer se) couci<rre>e (of bodies, 
and of those who light), (inter se) congredl (in a 
single combat, and of troops), signa inter se con- 
ferre, cum infestis signis concurrire (of two 
armies), collidi inter se (of two ships), meet- 
ing, n. = assembly, congressio, conventus, -us 
(=■ a friendly — ), coctus, -us (coit-) (= a gather- 
ing), concurs its, -us, concursio (= any coming 
together); a large, numerous — , ecleber con- 
ventus, celebritas (— a gathering of many per- 
sons at a place), frequentia ( — a — that is 
well attended), meeting house, n. 1, con- 
veniendi locus, locus quo conveniunl ; 2, aedes, 
-ium. 

melancholy, melancholic, I. adj. 1, = 
hypochondriacal, melanckolicus (jxeAayxoAiKos); 
2, lig- tristis (= sorrowful, also of things, e.g. 
countenance), mnestus (= downcast, opp. to lae- 
tus). II. n. = hypochondria, aim bilis, or the 
Greek neKayxokia, in Cic, e.g. Graeci volunt illi 
quidem, sed parum valent verbo ; quem nos fur- 
orem, fi.e\ay\oAlav illi vacant; quasi vero atra 
bile solum mens, ac -non saepe vel iracuiulid gra- 
viore, veltimore, vel dolore moveattir ; =: sorrow- 
ful disposition, tristitia, maestitia. 

melee, n. concursus, -us(=z charge), or pugna, 
praelium (— battle). 

melliferous, adj. t mellifer. melliflu- 
ence, n. mcl (e.g. Homerioi seuis mella, = the — 
of Homer, Plin. Min.). mellifluent, mel- 
lifluous, adj. mellitus. 

mellow, I. adj. 1, of fruit, mitts, mollis 
(= mild, soft ; mollis also of meat) ; of wine, 
lenis (Ter.), mollis (Verg.) ; = ripe, maturus, 
comb, maturus el coctus ; 2, fig. sapiens, sagax, 
vrudens; see Wise, Sagacious. II. v.tr. coquere. 
III. v.intr. maturescire. 

melodious, adj. Canorus,80n6ru$, numerosus 
(= harmonious, tuneful, of a speech and of the 

25 



speaker), numerose auleus (= with graceful 
periods, of a speech). Adv. numerose. melodi- 
ousness, n. use adj. (e.g. — of the voice, vox. 
Minora), melody* n. modus, modulus (Plin.), 
melos, -/, n., cantus, -us; — and time, canlus 
numerique ; — of the voice, vocis moilulatio. 
melodrama, n. drama mueicum. melo- 
dramatic, adj. mirificus; see Wonderful. 

melon, n. melo (Plin.). 

melt, I. v.tr. 1,= to make liquid, liquidumfa- 
cire, liquefadre, dissolve" re, irc$olvire(-=to dissolve 
snow, pearls, nivem, margaritas, etc.), diht£re(~ 
to dilute, e.g. a pearl in vinegar, baceam aceto); 
2, ~ to soften to tenderness, alcjs mentcm ad 
misericordiam revocare, alqm ad misericord ium 
vocare or adducire (~ to move to compassion). 
II. v.intr. 1, = to become liquid, to — away, 
liqucscere, liquefieri, dissolvi, tabescere (of snow, 
then fig. of man, e.g. from desire, desiderio, 
from love, amore); 2, fig. to — into tears, in 
lacrimas effundi ; 3, — to lose substance (e.g. 
corporeal things —as breath into the wind), 
dilabi (= gradually to — so as to disappear). 
melting, adj. by adv. mollis el delicat us (of 
sounds, e.g. quanta molliores sunt et delicatiores 
in cantu flexiones) ; see also Piteous. 

member, n. 1, membrum, arlut, -us (both of 
the body) ; see Limb ; 2, = part of a discourse 
or of a verse, a clause, membrum (e.g. of the 
body, of a speech), pars (— part of a whole, = a 
part which is a whole by itself) ; articulus (or- 
ticulus dicilur cum singula verba intervallis die- 
tinguuntnr, Cic), incisio, incisum (iconna = part 
of a sentence), membrum (= a greater part of a 
sentence, KcoAor, e.g. quae Graeci (cdfi/ioTo et 
Ku>Aa nnminant, nos recte incisa et membra diet- 
mils); 3,= an individual of a community or 
society; a — of a council, senate, vir or homo 
lenatorius, senator; — of a community, civil ; 
— of a race, gcntilis; — of a family, homo de 
alcjs stirpe ; — of a society, socius, sodalis, -is, 
m. ; see Part, membership, n. render by 
circumloc. with member. 

membrane, n. membrana. 

memoir, n. a private — , dicta factaque alcjs, 
memoria (— tradition, narrative) ; an historical 
— , commentarii ; Socrates' — , as Xenophon gives 
them, eu quae a Socrate dicta Xenojmon retulit. 
memorable, adj. = worth mentioning, (com)- 
memorabilis (raro), memoroUu dinnus = deserving 
to be handed down to posterity, memoria dig- 
itus, memorabilis, memoriae prodendus ; insignia 
(=. of special note) ; no — event occurred, nihil 
memoria dignum actum; this year will be — on 
this account, hie annus insignis erit luic re. 
memorandum, n. = remark, see Note ; = 
list of goods, index, -icis, m. and f. ; =a sign 
whereby to remember anything, nota (= charac- 
teristic, a mark made with the pen ; to make a — 
with chalk against anything, cretd notare alqd); 
— book, adversaria, -orum (= waste-book, day- 
book), memorial, I. n. monument urn; a — in 
writing, lit(t)erarummonumenta, -orum, Ut(t)erae. 
II. adj. — coin, uummus in memoriam alcjs 
cusus ;' — column, cippus. memoirs, n. com- 
mentarii. memory, n. memoria, recordatio 
(= recollection) ; to keep in — , memorid /enei-e 
alqd; to the — of, in memoriam alcjs ; fiom — , 
ex memorid, memoriler ; to commit to — , alqd 
memoriae mandare, edisclre ; In the — of man, 
post hominum viemoriam ; to hand down to — , 
memoriae tradire, or prodire. 

menace, v. and n., and menacing, adj. 
and [adv., see Threaten, Threat, Threaten- 
ing. 

menagerie, n. vivarium- fcporai-iion (both 
= preserve), or ferae sueptis (sept-) inclusae. 



men 



770 



files 



Friend, I. V.tr. i, = to repair, reficere, rcjmrare, 
feconcln nare(=to — again what was whole before), 
()f)sttrci'rc(=to patch up anything damaged, or 
that is torn to pieces, a tub, house, roof, coat, 
etc.), emendare, corrigcre (= to free a written 
treatise from mistakes); 2, llg. emendare, corri- 
gcre; = to — one's life, mores suos nurture ; to 

— one's pace, gradum addire. II. v.intr. 1, 
physically, (ex niorbo) convalescire ; 2, = to im- 
prove, melius ire (e.g. things — , res menus it). 

mendacious, adj. mendax. Adv. falso, per 
mendacium. mendacity, n. mendacium; see 
Lie. 

mendicancy, mendicity, n. mendicitas, 
egestas (= needlness), comb, cgestas ac meiulicitas 
(all = beggary), mendicant, adj. mendicus; 
see Beg, Beggar. 

menial, I. adj. 1, = pertaining to domestic 
servants, servllis ; 2, tig. senilis, humilis, 
sordidus, illiberalis. II. n. see Servant, 
Domestic. 

menstrual, adj. menstruus. 

mensuration, n. dimensio ( = measuring), 
ars metiendi ; see Surveying. 

mental, adj. by the genitives animi, ingenii; 

— gifts, animi facilitates (— talents), ingenium 
(= natural talent) ; to possess excellent — gifts, 
ingenio valere, ingenio abundare (= to abound 
in), praestantissimo ingenio praedihim esse (= to 
be endowed with excellent — gifts) ; — debility, 
morbus animi or mentis, acgritudo animi (as 
affliction, etc.). Adv. mente, anime, cogitatione. 

mention, I. n. commemoratio (when the idea 
existed already in the mind previously), mentio 
(in reference to tho idea in general, whether 
quite now or — ed a second time) ; to make — 
of a matter, mentionem facire alcjs rei. II. v.tr. 
(com)mcmorare alqd, alcjs rei mtminisse (= to re- 
member, if anyone shows by his words that he 
has not forgotten a thing, also to — in anything 
written), comb, meminisse et commemorare ; men- 
tionem facire alcjs rei or de alqd re (= to make 

— of) ; to — accidentally, or in passing, (casu) 
in mentionem alcjs rei incidere; to — frequently, 
mentionem alcjs rei agitare, crcbro or crcbris 
sermonibus alqd itsurpare ; not to — that, etc., 
tit omittam or ne dicam, quod, etc. ; not to 

— all these things, omissis his rebus omni- 
bus; above — ed, de quo (qua) supra com- 
memoravimus, quern (quam, quod) supra commemo- 
ravimns or diximus, quern (quam, quod) stqrra 
scripsi, qui (quae, quod) supra script us (-a, -um) 
est, de quo (qua) a nobis autca dictum est, cnjus 
supra mem.inim.ua, also simply by ille; as we have 
— ed above, before, ut supra dictum est, ut supra 
scripsi or scriptum est ; see State, Declare. 

mentor, n. see Adviser. 

mephitic, n. mephiticus (late), foelidus. 

mercantile, adj. mercutorius, generally by 
the genit. mcrcatoris or mcrculorum (= of the 
merchants); or by rommerciiini, mercatnra (e.g. 
mereutnrasfacere, = to be engaged in — transac- 
tions) ; see Commercial, mercenary, adj. 
mercenarius (= for hire, e.g. testis = a paid 
witness, miles = — soldier), (mercede or prctio) 
conduetus ; quucstuosus( = eager for gain), uvurus 
( = avaricious), rcnalis (= readily bribed), mer- 
cer, n. = general dealer in cotton, etc., tuber- 
■narius (= shopkeepers in general), qui pannos 
vendit or venditat (= a hosier in a small way). 
merchandise, n. 1, = goods, men, -cis, f., 
res venules ; 2, = commerce, commerciiim, mcr- 
catura, negotia, -orum. merchant, n. merca- 
tor. merchantman, n. navis mercatoria 
(Plaut.), or onerariu, also simply onerariu. 



mercurial, adj. 1, by circuml. with iher> 
cury; 2, fig. mobilis, Hois, mercury, n. 1, 

thegod, Mercurius; 2, the planet, Stella Mcrcurii, 
Mercurius; 3, the metal, argentum vivum (Pliu.). 

mercy, n. miscricordia, dementia, munsuc- 
tudo, renia (= pardon), lenitus (= mildness). 
merciful, adj. miseneors, clemens, mansuetus, 
exorabilis ( = easily entreated), lenis, mitis. Adv. 
elementer, munsucte. merciless, adj. immise- 
ricors, inexorabilis, immitis, inclemcns, inhu- 
manvs, crudelis, durus, atrox, saevus, ferrens ; 
see Cruel. Adv. inclementer, inhumane, crude- 
liter, duriter (dure), atrociter, sacre. merci- 
lessness, n. inctementia, inhumanitas, duritia 
(durities), crudelitas, atrocitas, saevitia; see 
Cruelty. 

mere, adj. merits (= not mixed, opp. mixtus, 
in prose generally only in reference to wine, then 
also = nothing but), solus, units (— sole) ; also 
by ipse (before the noun, e.g. by the — sight, ipso 
aspectu); in a wider sense, by merus (in good 
prose only of things); — trifles, merae vitgae; 
not to be able to sleep with — joy, prae magna 
gavdio somnum capere non posse. Adv. (tantum)- 
modo, solum, tantum; see Only. 

meretricious, adj. 1, see Unchaste; 2, 
fig. of style, fucatus. 

merge, v.tr. 1, see Dip; 2, see Mix, 
Mingle. 

meridian, I. n. in astron. circulus meridi- 
amis; = the highest point, see Height, Sum- 
mit. II. adj. vteridianus. 

merit, I. n. 1, = excellence which claims 
reward, dignitas, virtus (= excellence); accord- 
ing to — , pro merito, merito, pro dignitute; 2, = 
value (applied to things), cxccllcntiu, praestanlia ; 
see Excellence, Value, Worth ; 3, sec 
Reward ; to make a — of necessity, necessituti 
parcre. II. v.tr. see Deserve, merited, 
adj. mcritus, debitus, comb, meritus ac debitus. 
meritorious, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. laude 
digitus, laudabilis, or, that is a very — act of 
yours, hue re ojitime meruisti) ; to act in a — 
manner, bene merere ; towards any body, de aTqo. 
Adv. bene, optimc. 

merle, n. mcrula. 

mermaid, n. nymplia quae fuciem mulieris 
et piscis candam habet. 

merriment, n. hilaritas, alacritas, lasciria, 
animus hilaris (= merry disposition, mood). 
merry, adj. hilarus, hilaris, luscivus (= frolic- 
some), festivus ; see Gay. Adv. hilariter, hil- 
are, festive, merry-andrew, n. homo jocosus, 
ridiculus, coprea (— jester), sannio (= mimic, 
and in gen. sense), scurra (— droll), merry- 
making, n. voluptas ; see Pleasure, Feast. 

mesh, n. macula, meshy, adj. rcticu- 
latns. 

mesmerize, v.tr. 
somnum old inducere. 
merist, n. use verb. 

mess, I. n. 1, = portion of food, cibus or 
some special n. (e.g. a — of veal, euro vilnli- 
»ii) ; 2, = common meal, convivium ; 3, = 
soldiers dining together, use convivae, sodales, 
•item. II. v.intr. cenare (coen-). messmate, 
n. convivn, m. and f., sodalis, m. and f. 

mess, n. 1, = dirt, squalor, illuvies, 
paedor, sordes, -ium, f. ; see Filth ; 2, fig. res 
afflictac, perturbatio or confu<sio rerum ; his 
affairs arc in a — , pessime cumillo agitur; see 
Trouble. 

message, n. nuntius, mandutum. legatio 
(of an ambassador, e.g. to undertake a — 
to anyone, legationcm ad alqm suscipere), or by 
mittci-c (e.g. the reason of the — sent was, euvs- 



manuvm contrectatione 
mesmerism, mes- 



ta^s 



in 



mil 



(s)a miltendi erat); see Answer, Kefort ; to 
send a — , alqrn certiorem facere alcjs rei or dc 
ulqd re. messenger, n. 1, nuntius (nunc-) 
(as bearer of a piece of news, by word of mouth ; 
fern, nuntia), tabcllarius (= letter-carrier) ; to 
inform anyone by letter or by a — , perlit(t)eras 
nutper nuutium certiorem facere alqm ; 2, in a 
political sense, nuntius (= — in general), Ugatus 
(= ambassador, deputy); 3, — of a court of 
law, viator, apparitor (= usher). 

Messiah, n. Mcssias, -ae (Eccl.). 

metal, n. melallum (in gen.), aes, aeris, n. 
(=coppcr, brass, bronze); like— ,ineU.dlo or aeri 
similis. metallic, adj. metallicus (Plin., in 
gen.), aereiis, a(h)eaeus (= of brass), metalli- 
ferous, adj. f metalli/cr. metallurgy, n. 
use ars metallica ; sec Mine. 

metamorphose, v.tr. mutare in alqd ; see 
Transform. metamorphosis, n. meta- 
morphosis (only as title of Ovid's poem, vt 
Ovidius lascivire in Metamoiyhosi soltt, Quint.) ; 
use verb. 

metaphor, n. and adj. translatio, verba 
translata, Cic, modus transferendi, metaphora 
(post Aug. ; Quint, states it to be a Greek term, 
translatio quae metaphora Grax.ce dicitur). meta- 
phoric, adj. translatus. Adv. by translatis 
verbis (e.g. to speak) ; to use a word — , verbum 
trunsferre; see Figurative. 

metaphysic, metaphysical, adj. meta- 
physicus (not class.). metaphysics, n. 

metaphysial, -ae (not class.) ; where possible use 
ph iiosopli ia. 

mete, v.tr. see Measure. 

metempsychosis, n. animarum ab aliis 
post mortem ad alios transitu). 

meteor, n. fax (caelcstis). meteoric, adj. 
by ciicmiiloc. meteoric-stone, meteoro- 
lite, meteorite, n. lapis qui caelo deddit. 

method, n. ratio, via, comb, ratio et via, 
via ct ratio (= the particular — which we follow 
in anything), modus (= mode in which anything 
is done) ; — of teaching, docendi, disserendi ratio, 
docendi modus (= manner of explaining a thing). 
methodic, methodical, adj. by circumloc. 
with ratio, ratio et via. Adv. ratione ct via, via 
ctratione (— according to a particular method), 
artijicio et via, via et arte (= according to the 
rules of art). 

metonymio, metonymical, adj. (im)- 
mutatus. Adv. verbis mutatis, immutatis (e.g. 
U> speak); to use an expression — , verbum mu- 
tiny, immutare, verbum pro verba (or verba pro 
verbis) quasi submutare. metonymy, n. im- 
mutatio, verba mutata, denominatio or metonymia 
(better written as Greek, tieruiw^ia). 

metope, n. metopa, intertignium, 

metre, n., as regards poetry, = short and 
longsyllablesinver.se, nigrum (Quint.), met- 
rical, adj. mctricus. 

metropolis, n. caput; see Capital, met- 
ropolitan, I. adj. by cireumloc. with caput. 
II. n. episcopus mctropolitanus (Eccl.). 

mettle, n. audacia (= boldness), ferocitas (= 
high spirit); — of youth, fervor adolescentiae, 
fervor juvenilis ; man of — , homo fleer, homofer- 
■vidioris animi; see Courage, mettlesome, 
adj. audax,ferox; see Courageous. 

mew, I. n. = a cage for hawks, eavat, 
II. v.tr. to shed (e.g. a hawk) ; see Moult. 
mews, pi., see Stable. 

mew, v.intr. (of a cat) perhaps vagire (used 
of young goats or hares). 

miasma, n. nozius terrae halitus, -us (Plin.). 

mica, n. phengites (lapis) (Plin., Suet.). 



microcosm, n. * microcosmus (or in Greefc 
fuxpoKoaytos). 

microscope, n. * microscopium (as t.t.j. 
microscopic, adj. (i.e. very small), minimus, 
mini qutidam corporis exiguitate. 

midday, n. meridits, tempus meridianum ; 

about — , ad meridiem ; at — , uieridie, tempore 
meridiano, meridianis temporibus; before — T , 
forenoon, dies antemeridiauus, tempus untemeri- 
dianum, ante meridiem, tempore autemcriduinoj 
after — , afternoon, dies postmeridianus (or pa- 
meridiauus). midland, adj. mediterrdneus. 
midnight, n. media nox ; at — , media node, 
concubid nocte(=s.t the dead of night); shortly 
after — ,demcdiCt novle^ midriff, n. diaphragma, 
■atis, n. (very late), or written as Greek Sid- 
4>payna (Cels.), praecordia, -ium. midst, prep. 
in, inter, vicdius, in medio ; in the — of the pre- 
paration for war, in ipso appandu belli ; so in 
ipso itinere, in the — of the march ; — of dinner, 
inter ceuandum (coen-) ; see Middle, midsum- 
mer, n. media or summa aestas. midway, 
adv. medius ; — between, medius inter, mid- 
wife, n. obstctrix. midwinter, n. bruma. 

midden, n. sterquilinium ; see Dunquill. ; 

middle, adj. and n. (between two), medius. 
The Latins used medius in concord with its 
nouns, e.g. in the — of the slaughter, media cacchs 
(lit. = the — slaughter ; so we employ mid, e.g. 
midnight, media nox); so media acics, == the 

— of the army ; the king was in the — , medius 
omnium rex end; to strike in the — , medium 
ferire ; to seize by or round the — , medium alqm 
(or alqd) arripere ; the — class (or social con- 
dition), ordo plebeius (opp. to palres, cquites), 
plebs, pffltia, f. middling, adj. medtocris. 

mien, n. (oris) habitus, -us, lineamenta, 
■orum (= features), comb. Itabitus oris liuea- 
mentaque, os (oris, n.) et vultus, -its (= face ana 1 
looks), fades (= countenance). 

might, I. n. = bodily strength, vis, via, f.., 
ops, -is, f. (sing, only in genit., accus., and ablat., 
= physical means), robur, -oris, n., n'ervjL 
(= muscles, as seat of the physical strength),; 
with all one's — , omni vi, summd vi, omni ope, 
omnibus viribus or opibus or vervis, omnibus 
viribus atque opibus, omnibus opibus ac nervls ; 

— is right, fortiori cedendum est. II. v.intr. 
poteram, potuissem, or by imperf. sub), (e.g. I — 
go, irem, = I was permitted, licuit mihi with 
inlln., ut, or simple subj.); seo Mat. mighty, 
adj. potens, validus; see Powerful, Stroso. 
Adv. magnopcre, voids, sttmmti vi, vehementer. 

migrate, v.intr. = to remove from one 
country to anofcher, abire, discedere (= In gen. to 
go away from a place), projicisci (= to set off ; of 
soldiers, to march), migrare, emigrate (from a 
place, ex, etc. ; to, in, etc.), demigrare (from, 
dc or <e.r, etc.) ; e terra execdere, solum mutare or 
rertcrc (= to leave one's own country, csp. of an 
exile), migration, n. mulatto loci, migra- 
tory, adj. by (de)migrare, vagari (= to rove), 
hue illuc migrant (=to change one's abode very 
often), by the genit. nomddum ; — bird, advena 
avis or volucris. 

milch, adj. lac habots; — cow, vacca (quae 
lac pracbet) ; see Milk. 

mild, adj. 1, of the taste, mollis (= soft for the 
tongue and the palate, opp. acer, = harsh, of food 
in gen.), mills (= not tart, of fruit that is quite 
ripe, opp. acerbus), lenis (= pleasant, opp. aspy 
and acer, of wine, food), dulcis (= sweet) ; jp 
make — , mollire, mitigate, lenire ; to grow — (of 
fruit, etc.), milescere : 2, = ideasanjly affecting tho 
senses, mollis (=soft, flexible, e.g. name, speech, 
opp. durus, acer) ; mitis (= not hard, harsh, e.g. 
winter, summer, climate; then speech, words, 



mil 



772 



min 



opp. asper), tenis(= gentle), temperalus(= not too 
warm and not too cold, of the climate, the sea- 
sons, opp. frigidus, — cold, or oalidus, — warm), 
tepidns, = warm ; — winter, tepida bruma (Hor.), 
llvis(= light, e.g. punishment, opp. gravis); 3, of 
men and their dispositions, and or that which 
shows mildness, mollis ; mitis (= not harsh, of a 

— disposition, opp. asper), clement (= gentle), 
misericore (= compassionate, opp. durus), fncilis 
I— easy in granting requests, forgiving), indulgens 
(= indulgent, of persons, towards anyone, alci, 
opp. acerbuset severus), ptacidus(= peaceful, opp. 
fervidus, iracundus), mansuetus (= gentle, lit. 
tame), comb, mitis et mansuetus, lenis et. man- 
suetus, placidus et lenis. Adv. leniter, clementer, 
placide, mansuete. mildness, n. 1, — of the 
climate, etc., lenitas (of anything, e.g. doloris ; 
opp. axpe.ritas) ; 2, of the character, lenitas; 
animus lenis or otitis, ingenium lene or mite (= 

— of character), mansuetudo morum (= — of 
manners), dementia (= — in treating others), 
indulgentia (= indulgence), modest ia (= modera- 
tion), in Tac. and Plin. of the weather (e.g. 
hiemis). 

mildew, n. of vegetables, corn, plants, ro- 
bigo (rub-), mncor (Plin., = monldiness, iiiusti- 

ness), situs, -us (= filth arising from monldiness), 
iiredo (= blasting of trees, herbs). 

mile, n. of a Roman — , mille (passuum) 

(1,000 paces ; in the pi. mil(l)ia (passuum) ; 

stone, as the point where the — terminates, hence 
as a measurement of distance, mil(l)iarium, 
or lapis, -Mis. m. ; he lies interred live — s from 
the city, sepultvsest adquintum lapidem. mile- 
age, li. cectxgal quod in singula mil(l)ia exigi- 
tur. milestone, n. mil(l)iarium, lapis. 

militant, adj. by pugnare, etc. ; tho church 
— , ecclesia militatis (Ecci.). military, I. adj. 
militaris (= belonging to a soldier or to war), 
bellicus ; — service, militia ; — preparations, 
apparatus, -us, belli; — skill, rei militaris peri- 
tia, usus, -us, belli ; — school, ludus militaris. 
II. n. the — , = soldiers, milites, or collect, miles, 
copice. militate, v.intr., to — against, alci 
adversari. militia, n. perhaps cires ad hostem 
propvlsandum armati. 

milk, I. n. 1, lit. lac, -tis, made of -^, 
looking like — , lactevs; goat's — , lac caprinum.; 
new — , lac recens; curdled — , lac concretum ; 
2, fig. — of human kindness, benignitas, comi- 
tas ; see Kindness. II. v.tr. mulgerc. milker, 
n. qui midget, milking, n. mnlctus, -fis(Var.). 
milkmaid, milkman, n. puella quae vaccas 
midget; (homo) qui lac venditat. milk-pail, 
ii. mvlctra, mulctrum. milk-sop, n. homo 
effeminatus et mollis ; see EFFEMINATE, milk- 
white, adj. lacteus. milky, adj. Inctens (= 
full of milk), lactcus (= like milk), milky- 
way, n. orbis or circulus lactens, via t lactea 
(Ov.). 

mill, I. n. as a machine, — for grinding, 
mola (— — stone), pistrinnm (= the place where 
the mills are, with the ancients = tread — , in 
■which the slaves worked) ; belonging to the — , 
molar is pistrinalis ; hand — , mala trusatilis. 
II. v.tr. see Grind, mill-dam, n. (molae) 
agger. miller, n. qui molain habet, pistor. 
mill-hopper, n.infundibuluvi. mill-pond, 
n. piscina; as smooth as a — , tranquillvs, 
placidus; see Smooth, mill-stone, n. mola 
(every mill had two such mote, the upper 
one of which was called catillus, the lower 
meta). mill-stream, n, rivus qui molam 
agit, 

millenary, adj, millemriui (Bcel.). mil- 
lennial, ndj. mille annorum, millennium, 
li. mi7/c annorum spalium. 



milieu n. milium. 

milliner, n, quae mnndum muiiebrem /li- 
cit, millinery, n. mundus or vestitits (-iis) 

mulisbris. 

million, n. decies centena mil(l)ia ; two, throe 
millions, vicies, tricies centena mil(l)ia ; a — 
times, decies centies 7niliie(n)s (lit.), sescenties 
(= our colloquial phrase, a — times), mil- 
lionaire, n. vir magnis opibus pracditus; 
see Rich. 

milt, n. 1, in anatomy, splen, lien; 2, = roe 
of fishes, oi'a, -orum. milter, n. piscis mas. 

mimic, I. adj. mimicus (= belonging to 
mimes ; post class. = imitative), simulatus, jictics 
(= imitative). II. n. artis mimicac peritus, 
mimvs (= player in a mime or farce). III. 
v.tr. alqm imitari; see Imitate, mimicry, n. 
ars mimica. 

minaret, n. turriculu. 

mince, I. v.tr. 1, lit. concidcre, consecare; 
2, fig. extenuare, comb, extenuare et diluere ; nor. 
to — matters, sinefuco ac fallaciis dicire. II. 
v.intr. mollius incedere. III. n. minutal (Juv.). 
mincemeat, n. 1, lit. minutal; 2, fig. to 
make — of, concidere (= cut up), trvcidare ( = 
slaughter), mincing, adj. putidus. Adv. 
putide. 

mind, I. u. 1, animus(= the whole of man as 
an intelligent being, the higher nature in man, 
opp. corpus), mens (as that which represents the. 
power of thinking ; then the faculty of think- 
ing itself), spiritus, -lis (almost synonymous with 
anima, — breath of life, life itself, then — quali- 
ties of the — , energy, enthusiasm, coinage. 
pride, etc.), ingenium ( = natural abilities, genius, 
power of invention, production) ; in one's own 
— , imagination, spe et opinione, or spe atqne 
animo; the workings of the — , animi mollis, •?«; 
a philosophical — , sapient ia, sagacitas, subtilitas 
(in disputando), vir snbtilis, sagax (of the per- 
son) ; = an inclination, studium (= inclination, 
zeal), appetitus, -us, appetilio( = instinctive long- 
ing after anything), mpiditas, cupido, desiderium, 
aviditas ( = desire), alacritas (= the state of feel- 
ing inclined), comb, alacritas studiumque, alacri- 
tas el cupidi tas (after all these words, that which 
we have a — for in tho genit.) ; I have a — , 
animus mihi est, mihi libet (lub-) ; I have no — . 
nolo ; I have a greater — , malo ; to have a — tn 
do anything, alcjs rei studio captitm esse, teneri, 
alcjs rei studiosum, appetentem, cupiihim esse, 
alqd appetere, concupisccre ; to have a great 
— to, alcjs rei studio or cupiditate ardlre, 
flagrare ; mird alacritntr esse ad alqd faciendum 
(= to be very much disposed for, e.g. for disput- 
ing, ad litigandum) ; to have no — to, abiior- 
rere, alienum esse ab alqd re. ; 2, memoria, see 
Memory, Thought; to keep in - = to think 
about, eogitare cum or in animo, or simply cogi- 
tare alqd or de alqd re; considerare in animo or 
cum ani mo or secum, or simply considerare alqd 
or dealqd ?*(= to consider maturely), deliberare 
alqd and dealqd re(= to deliberate with oneself), 
alqd agitare mente or animo, or in mente or cum 
animo(— to think over), perpendere,pensitare(not 
in Cic. orCaes.), alqd(= to consider on all sides), 
secum meditari de alqd re or alqd ; only keep 
this one thing in — , hoc unum cogita ; I keep 
many important things in — , rerscuirur animo 
meo mxdtae et graves cogitationes ; to bo against 
one's — , longe alia mihi mens est ; to be of a 
— , oplnari, opinione duci, opinionem habere; 
with ono — , in hoc omnes consentinnt ; sec 
Unanimous ; to make up one's — , uiiwm poh- 
allium co.plre ; to put one. in — of, = to wnrii, 
(rom)monerc, admOiiert, commmitfacnt tdipn -'« 
alqd re (or with ut, or with ne and the SUlJ, 



mm 



773 



mis 



uiood); it comes into my — , in mentem mihi 
alqd vcnit, mihi in opinionem alqd vcnit, subit 
animum cogitatio, in mentem or in cogitalioncm 
milii inculit alqd (=a thought comes into my 
— ), mihi or animo, or in mentem occurrit ah/d, 
mihi succurrit alqd (= a sudden thought strikes 
me), subit rccardatio or reeordor or reminiscor (= 
I remember); the thing had come into my — , 
tetigerat animum hujiis rei memoria. II. v.tr. 
1, = to attend to, animum advertcre (advort-) or 
alqd animadvertcre, animum attendere ad alqd or 
ali/d attendere. animum intendere ad or in alqd, 
alcjs rei rationcm habere (= to regard); alqd 
agcre; — your own business, tuum negotium 
gerc, res tuas cura; 2, = to obey, aloi oboedire, 
pardre ; 3, = to object to, alqd recusare ; I do not 
— , noil recuso quin or quominus ; 4, = to remind, 
alci alqd ad animum revocarc; see Remind. 
III. v.intr. = to remember, alcjs rei miminisse, 
alipl recordari ; see Remember, mindful, 
adj. 1, diligens alcjs rei and t» alqd re (= ac- 
curate, punctual, cautious in anything, opp. 
ncglegens), sedulus ( = earnest in anything, very 
attentive, opp. piger, e.g. spectator), alcjs rei 
studiosus, amans (e.g. vcritatis); see Attentive, 
Careful ; 2, = remembering, memor, hand 
immemor (both edejs rei); to be — , vieminisse 
(e.g. mortis), mindless, adj. neglcgens (neglig-) 
(- negligent), socors (— thoughtless), comb. 
tsocors neglegensque ; see Careless, Unmind- 
ful; insanus {— not in his senses), excors 
(- stupid, a simpleton), aniens, demens; see Ir- 
rational. 

mine, possess, pron. meus, mea, meum. 

mine, I. n. 1, metallum, or pi. metalla, -orum ; 
a silver — , fodina argenti or argentifoduui ; 
a gold — , aurifodina (Plin.)i 2, in fortittca- 
timi, cuniculus ; to sap, dig a — , cuniculum 
agSre; 3, fig. Jons uberrimus, or by thesaurus 
(e.g. memoria thesaurus omnium rerum). II. 
v.tr. 1, = to dig a — ; see above ; 2, flg. = to 
practise secret means of injury, insidias alci 
parttre or instruSre or ponere, perniciem alci 
moliri; 3, milit. term, by cunicidos agcre. 
miner, n, 1, metallicus (Plin.); 2, in forti- 
fication, qui cunicidum agit. mineral, I. 
n. metallum. II. adj. fossilis, metallicus; — 
kingdom, fossilia, -ium, n. ; — spriug, — 
waters (as the place), fous medicae salubritatis, 
aquae medicatae(Sei\.), aquae salubres, in the con- 
text also simply aquae, mining, n. use metal- 
lum (e.g. useful for — , ad metalla exercenda 
utilis). 

mingle, v.tr. and intr., see Mix. 

miniature, n. tabella or pictura, fixing 
the sense by the context (e.g. tabellas pinxit 
parvas); in — (e.g. Rome in — , quasi or tan- 
qnam (tamq-) Homa minor). 

minimum, n. minimum, pars minima. 

minion, n. 1, = favourite, deliciae; 2, = 
minister, minister, servus. 

minister, I. n. 1, = servant in a higher 
sense, minister, or by circumloe. ; sec Instru- 
ment; 2, of a state, principis socius et admin- 
ister omnium consiHarum, socius consiliorum 
jvriucipis et partlceps,consiiiariws(ns his adviser); 
state — , ille penes quern est cura administrandae 
reipublieae; — of foreign affairs (= foreign secre- 
tary), 1-erniH cxternarum administer ; — of war, 
qui res bellicas adminiUrat ; 3, — of th» Gospel ; 
see Cleroyman, Priest. II. v.tr. to — an oc- 
casion, alci occasionem dare, praebere; see Give, 
Afford, Supply. III. v.intr. 1, see Attend, 
Serve ; 2, to — to, facultates or opes praebere; 
see Serve, Support, Assist, ministerial, 
adj. 1, ad serrnm or minislrum pcrtinens ; see 
Attend, Sphvk ; 2, ill a political sense by cir- 



cumloe. (e.g. Jiis — duties, rerum publicarum 
admi nist ratio) ; see Official, Executive; 3, 
see Clerical, Priestly, ministration, n. 
1, see Service, Office; 2, see Co-operatjon, 
Intercession, ministry, n. 1, = means, in- 
terrcntio, etc., administrate, ministerium, (pro)- 
curatio ; 2, political, qui rempublicam adminis- 
(rant; see Minister ; 3, clerical, * ministerium, 

minium, n. minium. 

minor, I. adj. sec Little, Small ; the — 

iiremiss, assumptio (opp. propositio = the major). 
[I. n. gen. infant (if u little child), or by nondum 
adultS. aetate (= not yet of age); sons that are 
— sjilii fumiliarum ; with regard to the guardian, 
a ward, pupillus ; = not able to reign, nondum 
maturus imperio. minority, n. 1, actus non- 
dum adulta (in gen.), aetas pupillaris (= age of 
the ward) ; 2, = the smaller number, pan or nu- 
mcrus minor. 

minotaur, u. minotaurus. 

minstrel, n. see Singer, perhaps po'eta 
amatorius (as a poet), citharaedus (tuOapwios, 
= singer to the lyre); see Musician, Player. 
minstrelsy, n. chorus canentiwn (= chorus of 
singers) ; concentus, -us. 

mint, n. in botany, mcnt(h)a. 

mint, I. n. = place where money is coined 
by public authority, moneta (a surname of Juno, 
in whose temple money was coined) ; every- 
thing relating to the — , res nummaria. IL 
v.tr. see Coin. 

minuet, n. saltatio; see Dance. 

minus, prep, sine with abl. 

minute, I. adj. 1, see Little, Small ; 2, fig. 
minutus (- trilling and contemptible), subtilis, 
diligens, accuratus (= exact). Adv. subtiliter, 
minute, accurate, diligenter. IL n. 1, of time, 
home sexagcsimapars( = 00th part of an hour); 2, 
fig. see Moment, minutes, n. pl.= short sketch 
of an agreement, etc., breviarium (= a sum- 
mary, Suet.), exemplum (=dranght of a theme), 
scriptum, libellus, commentarii, acta, -orum (of 
the Senate) ; — of a speech, oratio scripta, sermo 
scriptus (Suet.); to make — of anything, alqd 
lit(t)cris consigiui.re (in gen. = to write down) ; see 
Note; — book, see Memorandum. IIL v.tr. 
notare, annotare, in. tabulas referre, lil(t)eris con- 
signare ; see Draw up, Note, Write, minute- 
ness, n. 1, = smallness, exiguitas, brevitas (of 
stature); 2, = carefulness, subtiliUu, accurati* 
(rare), diligentia. minutiae, n. by omnia, 
-ium, or singula,, -onm ; see Detail, Trifle, 
Particular. 

minx, n. puclla putita (=an affected girl), 
filiola (= little daughter, expressing affection). 

miracle, n. 1, = a wonderful thing, res mira, 
miraculum (= tiling exciting astonishment) ; 
see Wonder ; 2, in theology, • miraculum. 
miraculous, adj. mints, mirijicus, mirandus, 
mirabilis ; in a — manner, mirunt in modum, 
mirandum in modum, mirabiliter. Adv. 6ee 
above, in a — manner. 

mirage, n. (vana) species (urbis, etc.) oculis 
oblata. 

mire, miriness, n. lutum ; see Mud. 
miry, adj. lutonu, lutulentus ; see Muddy. 

mirror, n. speculum. 

mirth, n. hilaritat, laetitia (= gladness), 
ga udiuvi(= joy), lascivia (= sportiveness), risus, 
■iis (= laughter), jocus ( = jest), lusus, -us ( = 
sport); see Gaiety, Joy-, mirthful, adj. MU 
aris (hilarus), laetus, lascivits, jocosus. Adv. nil- 
are, hilariter, laete, lascive, jocose. 

misacceptation, n. interpretatio jxrveria. 
or jwpcram Jacfa ; see JJisundersvandino, 



mis 



Hi 



mis 



misadventure, n. casus, -us (adversus), 
incommodnm (= something unpleasant, advers- 
Jty> especially misfortune in war); see Misfor- 
Tune. 

misadvised, adj. imprudens (= without 
foresight), incans1deratus,inc<ms\iltva{= thought- 
less). 

misanthrope, n. qui genus hwnannm or 
7iomi?i»»i vnirersum genns edit. misan- 
thropic, misanthropical, adj. hominibus 
inimiens. misanthropy, n. animus komini- 
hut inimicus. 

misapplication, n. itsus (-iis) perversvs. 
misapply, v.tr. alqd re abidi (= to make a 
bad use of), male interpretari or accipere (=to 
misinterpret). 

misapprehend, v.tr. see Misunderstand. 
misapprehension, n. see Misunderstand- 
ing. 

misbecome, v.tr. alqm alqd dedecet, or alqd 
fttcere dedecet. 

misbehave, v.intr. indecorc, indigne se 
genre, misbehaviour, n. rusticitas, mores 
rustici ; see Rudeness, Fault. 

misbelief, n. see Unbelief, misbelieve, 

v.tr. perperam judicure, falso sibi persuasum 
habere. 

miscalculate, v.tr. 1, male computare alqd 
or rationcm alcjs rei, or hy ratio me /cjcllit ; 2, 
fig. errare, decipi. miscalculation, n. 1, 
mendum, ration.es/alsue ; 2, error. 

miscarriage, n, 1, = ill conduct, delictum 
( = act of misbehaviour); 2, = failure, by res 
«rf(or in)irritnm endit, ad irrilnm redigitur; 3, 
of an untimely birth, abortus, -ils, abortio. 
miscarry, v.intr. 1, = not to succeed, von 
or parum or seats procedure ( = not to lend 
to the desired result), praeter sjiem evenire, 
sccus cadere, praeter opinionem cadere ( = to 
end worse than one expected), ad irrihtm cadere, 
redigi ( — to he frustrated) ; 2, by abortumfacere 
(of rii untimely birth). 

miscellaneous, adj. by varius <i diversus; 

— kinds, raria ct diversa genera (sc. operum). 
miscellany, n. lihcr de diversis rebus scrip- 
tus. 

mischance, n. see Misfortune. 

mischief, n. malum, incommodnm, dam- 
num, maieflcivm ( = intentional — ), calamitas, 
turbae ( = noise and confusion), mischief- 
maker, n. mali avctor. mischievous, 
adj. 1, = harmful, noxiits, calamitosvs, pemict- 
onus ; see Hurtful; 2, = full of tricks, las- 
dints. Adv. calamitose, perniciose, luscive. 
mischievousness, n. 1, = injuriousness, by 
ciicuinl. (e.g. who does not see the — of the 
thing? gin's ?ioft intelligit rem nocere or rem esse 
noziamf); 2, lascivia. 

misconceive, v.tr. and lntr. pcrperam ac- 
cipere. misconception, n. opinionis error, 
opinio /aha. 

misconduct, n. 1, see Misbehaviour ; 2, 
see Fault. 

misconjecture, I. n. falsa svspicio. II. 
v.tr. and iutr. /also suspicari. 

misconstruction, n. see Misinterpreta- 
tion, misconstrue, v.tr. see Misinterpret. 

miscreant, n. 1, = unbeliever, doctrinal 
fedsue studiosns, apostaia (Keel.) ; 2, = a vile 
wretch, fioiiip illiberalis, sordidus ( s= unworthy 
of a free-horn ninn), abjectvs ( = contemptible}, 
turpis{ = disreputable). 

miprtoal, v.intr. perhaps vaginas male distri- 
bute. 



misdeed, n. /acinus, -(5m, n. scelus, -erls, n., 
malrflcium, malc/actum, delictum, peccatum. 

misdemeanour, n. 1, = ill behaviour, 

mores pravi ; see Misconduct; 2, in law, an 
offence of a less atrocious character than a 
crime, peenlatus, -fts, publicus (— defalcation), 
scelus, -cris, n. ( = crime) ; to be guilty of — , 
scelus suscipcre, admittere, facere. 

misdirect, v.tr. 1, a letter, cpistulam jvt- 
peram inseribere ; 2, a passenger, a recta vid 
abduccrc (lit.) ; 3, fig. inducere alqm in crrorem 
(= to lead anyone into an error). 

misemploy, v.tr. abllti alqd rc(=to misuse). 
misemployment, n. urns, -us, perversus. 

miser, n. 7io»io tcnax, homo avarus. miser- 
able, adj. ?n iscr, m isrllus, miserdbilis, misera ndns 
(= to be pitied, in poor circumstances), infelix 
(= unhappy), ujjlicttis, aerumnosus ; calamitosus ; 
see Unhappy ; = worthless, nequam, nihili, im- 
probus, turpis (— wicked, of persons and things), 
vilis ( = vile) ; to lead a — life, in miserid esse 
or versari ; — food, tenuis rictus, -us ; to live in 
— circumstances, puree ac duriter vitam agere, 
tenuiter vivcre, vitam in egestate degerc. Adv. 
misere, miserabiliter, infeliciter, calamitose, im- 
probc, nequitcr, turpiter ; see Miser, miserli- 
ness, n. avaritia, sordes, -is, f. (or in pi.). 
miserly, adj. avarus, tenax, sordidus, parens, 
malignns. misery, n. = great unhappiness 
of mind and body, miseria, res miserae or 
afflictae (= depressed circumstances), calamitas 
(= caused through losses), aerumna, vexatio (= 
trouble), angor, maeror, tristitia (= sorrow), 
cgestas (= great poverty), angustiac (= bail 
times), tempora luctuosa (= distressing, gloomy 
times). 

misformed, adj. de/ormis, de/ormalns, dis- 
tortus. 

misfortune, n. malum, and pi. mala, cala- 
mitas ( = attended with loss and injury, also in 
war), casus, -us (adversus or tristis= unfortunate 
accident), incommodnm, res adversae,fortuna (ail- 
versa, = casualties caused by bad luck), accrbi- 
tates, -urn ( = great hardships); lie had tlie — 
to, etc., accidit ei ut, etc. ; one — after another, 
aliud ex alio malo. 

misgive, v.intr. perhaps malum praesagirc, 
praesentire or diffidcre ( — to distrust); see Doubt. 
misgiving, n. metus, -its, timor (=fear), 
sol(l)icitudo (~ anxiety), praesensio (= fore- 
boding). 

misgovern, v.tr. male regnare, male, rem 
gerere. misgovernment, n. mala reipvUicae 
guhernatio or moderatio, mala alcjs rei adminis- 
tratio. 

misguidance, n. error, or hy /also alcjs 
consilio rcgi. misguide, v.tr. in crrorem in- 
ducere; see Mislead. 

mishap, n. 6ee Accident, Misfortune. 

misinform, v.tr. by alqm falsa docere. 

misinterpret, v.tr. /also explicare, in 
malum partem accipere or ?na/e interpretari alqd, 
perverse, pcrperam interpretari. misinterpre- 
tation, n. intcrprelatio perversa or pcrperam 
/acta. 

misjudge, v.tr. male judicarc. 

mislay, v.tr. see Lose. 

mislead, v.tr. corrttmpere alcjs animum et 
mores, alqm ad nequitiavi adduccre, alqm in 
crrorem inducere; to be misled, labi, errare, ill 
errorem induci. misleading, adj. fulsvs. 

mismanage, v.tr. see Misgovern. 

misnomen, n. fdsum nomen. 

misogamist, misogynist, n. qui nn- 
Heres odd, 



mis 



77o 



mix 



misplace, v.tr. (in) alieno lueo collocare; to 
.•—confidence, etc., alqdrefalli. 
misprint, I. v.tr. typis mendose exscribcre. 

II. n. mendum typographicwm. 

mispronounce, n. male pronuntiare. 

misproportion, n. ratio impar. 

misquotation, n. verba falso allata, falsa 
commemoratio ( = mention), verba haud accurate 
prolata. misquote, v.tr. verba alcjs haud ac- 
curate proferre. 

misreckoning, n. falsae rationes. 
misrepresent, v.tr. fig. alqd narrando dc- 

pravare( = to represent any fact in a wrong light), 
perversa interpreter* (= to interpret wrongly, tig.), 
verb um in pejus detorquc re(= to dissemble tiie true 
meaning of an expression so as to cause it to be 
taken in a bad sense), misrepresentation, 
n. use verb. 

misrule, n. see Misgovern. 

miss, n. as title, domina. 

. miss, I. n. 1, see Loss, Want; 2, error; 
see Fault, Mistake. II. v.tr. 1, earere alqd re 
(— not to have got a thing), alqd desiderare (= 
to feel the want of it); 2, = to discover that 
something is wanting, desiderare, quaerere, re- 
quirere(= to look for anything that we have had, 
although in vain) ; to — with regret, desiderio 
alcjsrei angi, magna molestid desiderare alqd ; see 
Lose; 3, =to fail of finding the right way, 
dcerrare ; to — anyone on the road, ab alqo de- 
errare or abcrrare ; 4, = to fail in aim, dcslina- 
tum nonferire (in shooting, etc.) ; 5, = to omit, 
transire, omittcre, praetcrmiltcre ; sec Omit. 

III. v.intr. 1, = to fail to hit, see II. 4 ; 
2, = not to succeed ; see Fail, missing, 
adj. to be — , deessc, desiderari. missile, I. 
n. (teluin) missile, jacidum; hcuta (longer or 
shorter for throwing), pilum (short, used by the 
Roman infantry) ; to cast a — , missile or jaculinn 
miltcre. II. adj. missilis. 

misshapen, adj. deformis; see Misformed. 

mission, n. 1, = sending out, missio; 2, 
legatio ( = deputation, ambassadors) ; 3, see 
Destiny, missionary, n. missus qui gentes 
barbaras alqd doceat. 

misspell, v.tr. non rede scribcrc, prave 
scribcre. 

misspend, v.tr. 1, money, perdcre ; see 
Squander ; 2, time, perdcre ; see Waste. 

misstate, v.tr. see Misrepresent, mis- 
statement, n. quod falsum est ; deliberate — , 
mendacium. 

mist, n. 1, nebula (subtilis, in opp. to fog = 
ealigo, nebula densa, when tho — is very thick) ; 
2, fig. ccdigo (e.g. the — of those calamitous 
days, ealigo illorum tempo rum) ; to be in a — , 
attonitum, pcrculsum esse, misty, adj. 1, nebu- 
losus, caliginosus ; 2, lig. obscurus. 

mistake, I. v.tr. 1, = to take one thing or 
person for another, e.g. you — me for another, me 
ulium esse putas ; ignorare abpn ( = not to know 
a person, lit. and fig.), parum inkllcijcre(intellig-) 
alqd or alqm (= to know too little of anything, 
not to know sufficient of a person's character); 
2, see Misunderstand. II. v.intr. = to bo 
— n, errare, per errorem lubi (= to commit a 
slight error), in errore versari (= to bo in 
error), falli (= to deceive oneself), peccare (= to 
fall into an error, commit a sin owing to a — ), 
dubiwn or incertum esse (= to be uncertain); 
if I am not — n, nisi Jailor, nisi animus (me) 
fallit, nisi quid me fall it or fefclkrit ; I may 
be — n, potest fieri ut fallar. III. n. 1, in gen. 
error, erratum (from want of thought, by being 
misled; error, ■= the condition one is in alter 



having committed a — ; erratum, = the— itself; 
both also representing any literary work), 
lapsus, -Us ( = a single — ), peccutum (= anything 
done wrong) ; in — for, pro (e.g. pro illo culpavit, 
= he blamed the one in — for the other) ; to 
make a — , errare, peccare (in a thing, alqd in, alqd 
re), labi in alqd re; to bo under a — , in errore 
esse or versari, errore caplum esse, errore vugari ; 
to see one's — , errorem suum agnoscire ; 2, a — 
iu writing, mendum; to correct a — in writing, 
mendum tollcre ; full of written — s, mendosus. 
mistaken, adj. see Wrong. Adv. per errorem, 
perperam. 

mistress, n. 1, =a woman who governs, 
domina (also as title), hcra (as regards the ser- 
vants), quae impcrio regit ( = one who rules, e.g. 
a town, urbem), dotninatrix, moderatrix, guber- 
nairix (in a fig. sense, of desires and passions ; 
dominatrix, in an absolute sense ; the two latter 
= guide) ; 2, = head of a family, materfamilias 
(materfamiliae, or as two words), hera (with 
reference to the servants), matroua (on account 
of the high veneration in which she was held as 
head of the family, therefore chiefly of women 
of higher rank), domina; 3, = governess, 
pracceptrix, magistra (also fig., e.g. practice is 
the best — to teach us to speak a language, 
certissima loquendi magistra consuetudo ; or ma- 
gister if the Latin noun is masculine, e.g. 
experience, an excellent — , vsus, egregius 
magister); 4, = a woman beloved and courted, 
amata, dilecta, arnica (in a bad sense), amor 
noster, dcliciae meae ; 5, = a woman in keeping 
(i.e. a kept — ), arnica, concuoiwt, pcllex. 

misunderstand, v.tr. non recle intellegere 
(intellig-) ; see Misinterpret, misunder- 
standing, n. error (= mistake) ; = differejice 

of opinion, dissensio ; dissidium. 

misuse, I. n. usus, -us, pcrversus, alusus, 
-)"(.< (rare). II. v.tr. alqd re perverse (ab)uti, im- 
modice or immoderate or intempcrantcr or inso- 
lenter et immodice abxdi re (e.g. alcj3 indulgent id, 
alcjs patientid), male uti re; see Abuse, Use. 

mite, n. minimus in agreement with noun 
(e.g. a — of a thing, res minima). 

mitigable, adj. quod mitigari potest, miti- 
gate, v.tr. lenire (e.g. illness, pain, hatred, 
anger, grief, taste, etc.), mitigare, mitiorem 
facire (e.g. pain, fevers, sorrows, taste, etc.), 
?HoWire(=to cause anything, e.g. anger.violeuce, 
iram, impelum, to abate, also to make milder in 
taste), levare (= to afford relief, alleviate, e.g. care, 
alqm curd levare ; — cares with wine, curas levare 
vino), alqd remittere ex alqd re (= to diminish). 
mitigation, n. mitigalio, levatio (al)levament- 
um ; to att'ord anyone a — of anything, lenire 
alci alqd, levare alqm alqd re ; — of auger, pla- 
catio (e.g. deonim immortalium), mitigalio; or 
by verbs, see above. 

mitre, n. = a sacerdotal ornament mitra 
(Eccl.). 

mitten, n. see Glove. 

mix, I. v.tr. 1, temperate; to — one thing 
with, among another, (per)miscerc alqd cum alqd 
re, alqd alqd re or alqd alci rei, temperare alqd 
alqd re ; to — a thing, admiscere alqd alci rei or 
in alqd (gen. in the .passive, admisceri alqd re, 
to' be — ed with); to — poison, etc., venenum, 
etc., parare, coqulre (= to prepare, to boil in 
gen.) ; 2, see Confuse ; 3, = to associate one- 
self with in company, se (con)jungerc cum 
alqo, (com)misceri, permisccri. II. v.intr. 1, 
= to become blended promiscuously in a 
mass or compound (e.g. oil and water will not 
— ), by the passive of the verbs above ; 2, to — 
in society, hominvm coetus et celebrationcs obire; 
see Society, mix up, v,tr, 1, *ee Mix; 2, 



mne 



776 



mol 



see Implicate, mixed, art,', (pcr)mixtus, pro- 
miseuus. mixture, n. 1, (per)mistio (mist-, — 
the act and the thine itself), mistura (mixt-, — 
modes of mixing and the tiling itself, mostly 
' post class.), temperatio (as act and as the 
quality of — ) ; the — of the metal, tempera- 
tio aeris ; 2, in pharmacy, see Medicine, 
3 ; 3, lit. and (lg. = a mass of things without 
order; farrago (= a — of different kindH of 
corn, He. a book containing a — of things, 
farrago libelli, Jm:), colluvio, coHHi'ics(ng.,when 
different things How together, e.g. the army, a 
— of all kinds of nations, excrcitus mixtus ex 
colluvione omnium gentium,); varietas (=a mixed 
variety, e.g. of words and opinions, scrmonnm, 
opinionumque) ; but more frequently it is ex- 
pressed by mi seer e ; e.g. a — of good and evil, 
bona mixta malis. 

mnemonic, mnemonical, adj. ad me- 
moriae artem pertinens. mnemonics, l). ars 
or artificium or disciplina uiemoriae. 

moan, I. v.intr. gemerc. II. n. gcmitus,-iis; 
see Groan, Lament. 

moat, n. Jossa; to surround with a — for 
defence, fossam castris circumdurc, castra fossa 
cingere. 

mob, I. n. vulgus, -i, n. (=the mass of the 
people; see People), turba (= crowd), viulti- 
tudo de phhe, multitudo obsaira et humilis (as 
regards the origin) ; scntlna reipublicae or urois 
(=thc lowest of the low, rabble), faex populi 
(= the dregs of the people). II. v.tr. see Sur- 
round. III. v.intr. concHrrire, concursorc. 

mobile, adj. mobilis; see also Fickle. 
mobility, n. 1, mobilitas (e.g. of the tongue, 
linguae; also llg. of the mind, animi ; — of 
character, mobilitas hominis or ingenii), agilitas 
(= iiiiiibleness, swiftness) ; 2, = lickleness, levi- 
tus, ingenium mobile ; see Fickleness. 

mock, I. v.tr. 1, see Imitate, Mimic; 

2, = to deride, alipn, alqd deridere, irridcrc ; 

3, in a less evil sense = to ridicule, alqm ludere 
{= to banter), alqm hidibrio habere, hulificari 
( = to make a fool of), cavillari (= to censure 
in a sarcastic manner ; one who does this, 
cavillator) ; 4, = to disappoint, ludere, huli- 
ficari, ad irritum redigere ; see Frustrate. 

II. v.intr. to — at, in ludibrium vertcre, or 
by cavillari, at anybody, alqm ; see above. 

III. n. see Mockery; to make a — of; see 
Mock, I. 3. IV. adj. simulatus,fictus, falsus ; see 
False, mocker, n. = one who scorns, deri- 
sor, irrisor, cavillator (= who cavils), mock- 
ery, n. 1, irrisio, irrisus, -us, cavillatio (= scoff), 
ludibrium, ludns,^jocus, ludificatio (=theact of 
mocking), petiilantia, lascivia ; 2, = that which 
disappoints, inception irritum ; 3, = counter- 
feit appearance, species, simulacrum, fallacla 
(= deceit), ociilornvi ludibrium (= mere out- 
ward show), falsa imago (= a false image), 
fabxda (=a fable); to make a — of . . . , to turn 
into — , deridere ulqd (also alqm), in risum 
vertcre alqd. 

mode, n. 1, natura (= nature of a thing), ratio 
(— systematic — of proceeding, relation between 
two "things), modus (=rule to go by, — of doing 
anything), via (= manner in which one thing is 
derived from another), comb, ratio el via, ratio 
et modus, ( — of proceeding, e.g. of arguing, argu- 
mentandi genus), mos, consuetudo (= custom); 
see Manner; 2, in music, modi, moduli (= musi- 
cal — ) ; 3, — of dress, habitus, -us; see Dress ; 
— s of speaking; sec Expression. 

model, I. n. proplasma, -at is, n. (I'lin., or 
as Greek TrponKatxixa, = an artist's — i ; exemplar, 
■uris, exemplnm (= a pattern in gen.); to give a 

•*- of anything, alcjs rei modum formamque de- 



monstrare ; to take the — from' anything, to 
take anything as a — , excmplum sumcre ah alqtt 
re; to work by a — or pattern, alqd rrd imi- 
tandum proponerc, alqd in cremplum assnmerc, 
II. v.tr. 1, = to shape out of a raw material, 
fingcre ; =to bring into a proper shape, /orm- 
are, comb, fingere et formare ; = to copy, ex- 
primcrc imaginem alcjs (in gen. = to represent, 
express anyone's features); 2, tig. = to arrange 
according to a certain rule, ex lege or rati one 
quddam institucre alqd (e.g. ran publicum). III. 
adj. optimus, 

moderate, I. adj. = keeping the middle 
path, avoiding extremes, moderatus, modicus 
(opp. to effrcnatus), modestns (in moral feeling, 
opp. to cupidvs, pctulans), tempcrans, temperntus, 
mcdiocris(— mediocre), sobrius. Adv. moderate, 
modeste, moilice, temperate, mediocriter ; to live — , 
contineutem esse in omni victu adtuque. II. v.tr. 
= moderari( = to impose a limit to, with dat)., = 
to direct (with accus.) ; modum (or moderationem) 
adhibere alci rci, alqd. continere, coe'reere (= to 
restrain), moderation, moderateness, 
n. modus (= due measure), continental (= self- 
restraint), temperantia (= self-government, both 
opp. to libido (luh-)), moderatio (= the middle 
course, in conduct), modestia (= the moral feel- 
ing to avoid excess), sedatio alcjs rci (e.g. of the 
passions); abstinentia (= keeping from what 
belongs to others), moderator, n. see 
President. 

modern, adj. rectus, novus, ml nova cxem- 
pla (= in the new style, according to the new 
fashion, opp. vetus), qui nunc est, ut nunc fit, hit- 
Jus aetatis, clcgans (— elegant), hie, haec, noc,= the 
present, e.g. haec or nostra actas, homines nostrac 
aetatis, homines qui nunc sunt or virunt (all = 
our — days), pracsens (= at the present moment, 
opp. that which takes place at any other time ; 
if we say our — , etc., praesens is seldom used, 
but generally hie, huec, hoc); — Capua, Capua 
quae nunc est; the — , our age, haec aetas ; our 
— times, haec tempora. 

modest, adj. modicus (= slight, middling), 
modestns (= moderate, under control, opp. j'iu- 
modestus), pndens (opp. impudens), rereeundns 
(= full of respect), demissns (= lowly, opp. acer- 
bus). Adv. moilice, modeste, prudenter, rcrecunde. 
modesty, n. modestia (opp. supcrbia), pudor 
(= a feeling of shame or respect), verecundia 
(bashfulness). 

modicum, n. pan(l)luhim. 

modifiable, adj. res de qua alqd immutari 
potest, modification, n., with this — , that, 
etc., cum eo ut, etc., or by ita defiiiirc, ut, etc. 
modify, v.tr. = to change the form or external 
qualities, immature, alqd de alqd re (= to make a 
change in anything), temperure alqd (= to mo- 
derate); 

modulate, v.tr. vocem per vices tollere atque 
remittere (= to raise and to lower the voice, 
in speaking), vocem or cantum modvturi. mo- 
dulation, n. Jlexio (vocis), Humerus (or in pi.). 

moiety, n. see Half. 

moist, adj. humidns (= moderately wet). 
moisten, v.tr. conspergcre (=to sprinkle), (<>)- 
riguic (= to water) ; t humectare. moisture, 
n. humor. 

molar, adj. (e.g. tooth) dens genuinus. 

mole, n. = mound, moles, -is, (., agger, -iris, 
in. molecule, n. see Particle. 

mole, n. = mark on the body, nacvus. 

mole, n. = animal, talpn. mole hill, n. 
1, lit. perhaps (talpaei grumus ; 2, tig. to nmkn 
mountains out of — s, difficiUo ex facillimin re* 
dighr, 



mol 



777 



mor 



molest, v.tr. ulqm sol(l)icitare, vexare, mo- 
tedium ulci afferre or exhilicre, molest um esse alii, 
(tlci incommodum afferre, conciliate (= to give 
trouble), alci negotium exkibcre, facessere (= to 
cause unpleasantness to anyone), molesta- 
tion, n. 1, molestia, onus, -cris, n. (= a burthen) ; 
2, = trouble, molestia, onus, -eris, n., cunt (= 
anxiety), incommodum (= adversity), vexatio. 

molliflable, adj. quod molliri potest, mol- 
lification, ii., mollify, v.tr. {e)mollire. (= to 
make soft, lit. and tig.), mitigare (in a lit. sense, 
e.g. food by boiling it; then llg.), lenire (= to 
appease), fruugere (=to subdue anyone's liard- 
hearteduess), movere alqm or alcjs animum (=to 
make an impression upon anyone, by exhorta- 
tions, entreaties, etc.). 

molten, adj. lique/aetus; see Melt, 

moment, u. 1, punctual or vestigium w mo- 

•mention temporU ; in a — , statim, e vestigio, con- 
Jestim; for the — , in pracsens; 2, = impulsive 
power; see Momentum ; 3, — importance ; of 
great — , magni momenti ; see Importance. 
momentary, adj. brevissimus (= of a short 
duration) ; see Instantaneous, momentous, 
adj. magni momenti; see Important, mo- 
mentoiisness, n. see importance, momen- 
tum, n. (in mechanics) vis qua alqd movelur. 

monarch, n. rex, regis (=kiug), princeps, 
-Ipis, in. (= prince, sovereign, post Aug.), impe- 
rator, Caesar, Augustus (= emperor, Imperial 
Home), dominus (=an absolute — ), tyrannus 
(Tupairoy, = one who has usurped the highest 
power in a state, which was free before) or by 
circuinloc, to express an absolute — , a despot, 
the only ruler, qui solus regnat, qui unus consilio 
et curd gubernat civitalem, penes quern est summa 
rem m omnium (ull = rex), qui solus impcrio potitus 
est (= tyrannus); to be the — , regnare; to pro- 
claim oneself as the — , = to usurp the throne, 
domination or tyrannidem occupare, domination 
iavadere, monarchical, adj. regius; a — go- 
vernment, use rex (e.g. regi parent, they have a 
— ). monarchist, n. defensor imperii regii. 
monarchy, n. 1, as the kind of government, 
impcrium quod ab lino sustinetur or sub uno stat, 
principatus, -us( — the government of him who is 
the head of the state), imperiumregumorregium, 
imperium quod penes regem or reges est, potestas 
regia, tyrannis, -idis (rvpavvis, of one who has 
usurped the government of a free state) ; 2,= 
the state itself that is under a monarchical go- 
vernment, civitas quae ab uno regitur, respublica, 
civitas in qud penes vnum est summa omnium 
rerum (in gen.) ; rcgnum, civitas regia. 

monastery, u. monasterium, coenobium 
(Bccl.). 

Monday, n. dies lunae (not class.). 

monetary, adj. quod ad pecuniam pertinet, 
pecuniar ins, nummarius, argentarius. money, 
n. pecunia (=smn of — ) argention, aes(= coined 
from silver or copper, silver coin, copper coin) ; 
good — , nummiprobi; bad — , nummiatlulterini; 
for very little — , for a deal of — , parvo, may no 
(pretio); prow, — makes — , dat census honores 
(Ov.) ; to pay — down, out of hand, by prae- 
sent em pecuniam solvere, repraesentare ; prae- 
senti pecunid solvere ; ready — , pecunia pracsens 
or nummi praesentes or numeratum or pecunia; 
— transactions, negotium, more distinctly nego- 
tium nnmmarium, negotiatio (on a large scale), 
argentaria (^banking business, — exchanging) ; 
to carry on — transactions, argentar lam fadre. 
money-bag, n. see Purse. money- 
broker, n. argentarius. money-making, 
n. quaestus, -us. money-market, n. res num- 
nutria, moneyed, adj. dives, pecuniosus ; sea 
Rich, moneyless, adj. inops; see Poor. 

25* 



mongrel, I. a<lj. notkus. II. n. (h)ibrida 
(hyb-), in. and f. 

monition, n. monitio (= the act), monition 
(= the warning given), monitor, II, monitor. 
monk, n. mondchus (Eccl.). 
monkey, n. simia. 
monody, n. use Greek novuSia. 
monograph, n, liber (= book) ; see Book. 
monologue, n. sr.rmo; to hold u — ,»oIum 

loqui. 

monomaniac, n. de unA modn rt l«- 
santrc. 

monopolize, v.tr. perhaps solum liabfre. or 
exercere alqd. 

monosyllable, n. only in pi. monosylln- 

ha, -orum (Quint.). 

monotheism, u. credere union motto Ileum 
esse, monothcist, n. qui union modo Deum 
esse credit. 

monotone, n. use Greek fiuoroHu. 

monotony, n., monotonous, adj. by 
oratio omni varietate. careius. Adv., use adj. 

monsoon, n. ventus qui (certo tempore) flare 
consuevit. 

monster, n. monstrum, portcnlum, belua (lit. 
= beast), monstrosity, n. 1, defnrmitas 
(= deformity) ; 2, see Monster, monstrous, 
adj. defarmis (opp. formosus), imtitanff (e.g. belua, 
praeda, facinus, etc.), portentosus. monstr(u)osus, 
naturae rcpugnans. Adv. praeter nuturum, 
monstr{u)ose. 

month, n. mensis, -is, m. monthly, adj. 
singulis mensibus, in, singulos menses, men- 
struus. 

monument, n. monumentum (moni-); see 
Memorial, monumental, adj. 1, ad monu- 
mentum pertinent; 2, lig. gravis, magni momenti ; 
see Important. 

mood, n. 1, of mind, animus ; 2, modus 
(Gram.), moodiness, n., moody, adj. see 
Peevish. 

moon, ii. luna ; eclipse of the — , Itmat 
defectus, -its. moonlight, I. n. lunae lumen. 
II, adj. fluid illusiris. 

moor, n., moorland, n. loca(-orum) pains- 
tria. moor-hen, n. fulica (fulex). 

moor, v.tr. navem ad terram (ripam, etc.) 
reliyare, or deligare. moorings, n. use verb 
(e.g. lie found' convenient — , loco opporluno 
navem relegavit). 

moot, v.tr. see Sucoest, Argue, moot- 
point, n. it is a — , incertum or dubium est an. 

mop, I. n. pcniculus. II. v.tr. alqd peniculo 
detergere. 

mope, v.intr. tristem or maestum essr. 
moping, adj. tristis, maestus ; see Sad. 

moral, I. adj.l,= relating to morals, moral is; 
— philosophy, de moribus, or pkilosophia ; 2, = 
upright, fioneslus, probus, bene moratus, or per- 
haps grains; seeUPRionT; 3, it is a — certainty, 
verisimillimum est with ace. and infln. Adv. 
honestc, probe = uprightly, verisimiliter ; see 
Probably. II. ii. = teaching of a story, etc., 
res ad (/worn fabula spectat. morals, n. = 
moral conduct, mores, -urn ; = ethics, de mori- 
bus or de ofliciis or pkilosophia. moralist, n. 
qui de moribus pruecipit. morality, n. more*, 
■urn ;see Morals, moralize, v.intr. demoribus 
praecipe re. 

morass, n. jxdus, -ndis, f. 

morbid, adj. 1, acger; a — condition of 
body, aegrotatio; 2, fig. aeger, aegrotus ; a — ■ 
condition of mind, aegritudo. Adv. maesle 



mor 



78 



mot 



(- sadly); see Sadly, morbidness, u. 1, 
physical, aegrotat io ; 2, tig. aegritttdo; see 
Madness. 

more, I. adj. plures (newt, plura), pins (either 
rs a n., alone or with genit., e.g. — money,- phis 
pecuniae), or by II, nd v., pins = — in quantity or 

degree(e.g. phis amare, diligtre), amplius (as neu- 
ter adj. =a greater extent, value, etc., e.g. lam 
aedilis, that is, — than a private individual, ego 
sum. aedilis, hoc est, amplius quam privates); if 
without comparison = increase, addition, —"da- 
vahtagc " of the French, quid vultis amplivs ? — 
than hours, amplius sex horis; magis (adv. in 
reference to the quality of the thiugs compared, 
and expresses that one thing possesses a cer- 
tain quality in a higher degree than another, e.g. 
to be — offended at a thing than another, alqd 
in contumeliam accipcrc magis), ptctius (— rather, 
sooner, has a subjective meaning, when a choice, 
a selection is made between two objects, actions, 
opinions, etc. ; it always excludes one of two 
things chosen, whilst magis attributes a higher 
value to one of the two things, without excluding 
the other, e.g. he would rather have stayed — 
in Utica than in Rome, UticaepotiusquamJlomae 
esse meduisset) ; ultra (as prepos. with accus. = 
exceeding a certain measure, proportion, etc., 
e.g. — than half-a- pint, ultra Aei)ijuuw) ; "than " 
after — is rendered in Latin after plus and am- 
plius by quam or by the ablat. ; if numbers aro 
stated quam is generally left out, and the nu- 
meral with the noun is rendered by the same 
case as it quam had been used ; after magis and 
potiits we use always quam (e.g. to conquer rather 
through cunning device than through bravery, 
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vincere) ; 
in connexion with a noun or adj. in an adj. or 
adw sense — is often rendered by a comparative 
(e.g. with — attention, care, attentats, diligen- 
tins); if two adjs. or advs. are compared in 
reference to a certain thing, we use either magis 
. . . quam, — ... than, or both are expressed 
by the comparative, the second being preceded 
by quam (e.g. — passionate than cautious, with 

— passion than prudence, calidus magis quam 
cautus or calidior quam cautior; with — bravery 
than luck, fortiter magis quam fclicitcr, fortius 
quam felicins) ; after negations — is rendered 1, 
when = in addition to, further, by amplius, 
ultra (e.g. I demand nothing — , nihil amplius 
or ultra flogita) ; but 2, if = no longer, by jam. 
(e.g. nobody will say that any — , hoc jam nemo 
dicet); I am not doing a certain tiling any — , by 
desino (= I cease) or desisto (= I leave off) with 
inf. (e.g. I cannot see any — , desino vidh-c) ; and 
what is — (in a climax), et quod plus est ; still — , 
plus eliam (as regards the amount, e.g. he owes 
me that much and — still, iantunt et plus eliam 
mihi debet), amplius (= still besides, e.g. what do 
you want — ? quid vis amplius f) ; so much — , 
tanto plus (as regards the quantity, etc.), eo magis 
(implying intensity) ; once — again, alterum 
tantnm, bis tantum ; the — ... the — . . . , 
quo . . . hoc, quanto . . . tanto, or eo . . . quo, 
tanto . . . quanto ; the — people possess, the 

— they wish to have, homines quoplura httbent, 
eo ompliora cupiunt. Ill, n. plus ; see I. 
moreover, adv. praeterea, insuper, idtro, ad 
hoc, ad hate, accedit quod with lndic. ; see 
Besides. 

moribund, adj. moribundus. 

morn, morning, I. n. mane (indcL), tempus 

matutinum (the time in the — ) ; in the pl,,the — s, 

tempora matutina ; towards — , sub luce, or In con ; 
in the — , mane, matutino tempore; the early — , 
primum mane, prima lux or lux (= the first light 
of the — ) ; early in the — , primo mane, multo 
inane, bene mane, primil btce, itbi jtrimum ittvzit, 



ad lucent, primo diluculo (= with the — dawn); 
with subst. by antchtcanus (e.g. working by 
candlelight early in the. — , before daylight, 
lucubratio ttntelucana) ; until — , ad lucem (e.g. 
to watch, vigilare) ; this — , hodie mane, hodi- 
erno mane ; yesterday ■ — , hestcrno mane, Itpstcrno 
die mane ; good — ! salve 1 or (to several) salrtte ' 
to wish anyone a good — , solvere aid di&re. II. 
adj. motutinus; see above. morning-Star, 
n, Lucifer, t Phosphorus. 

morose, adj. morosus (= never satisfied with 
oneself and with others), acerbus (= harsh with 
those around one), stomachosus (= churlish), 
difficilis (= ill-tempered). Adv. morose, acerbe, 
nioroseness, n. morositas, acerbitas. 

morrow, n. dies jiosterus or crastinus. Adv. 
to — , eras, crastino die; in letters the writers 
express "to — " hy post rid ie ejus cliei, qui erat 
turn futurus, cum haec scribebam (Cic); early 
to — morning, eras mane; for to — , in crastinum 

diem; to-day or to , some time, aliquando ; 

rather to-day than to — , as soon as possible, 
quam primum; the day after to — , perendU. 

morsel, n. offa (= mouthful), pars exigua; 
see Particle. 

mortal, adj. 1, mortalis (=subjeet to death, 
opp. immortalis), humanus (= of human, not of 
divine origin, opp. divinus, divus), fragtlis, ca- 
duetts (— fragile, perishable, opp firmus, stabilis) ; 
— s, homines, mortales ; all men are — , omni- 
bus moriendum, est; 2, = deadly, mortifer ; 
see Fatal ; 3, = complete, by superl. (e.g. — 
enemy, homo infensissimus). Adv. to be — 
wounded, mortiferum vulnus accipcre ; = very, 
raltle, vchementcr, magnnpere. mortality, n. 

I, condicio mortalis, mortalitas ; 2, = number 
of deaths, by circumloc. (e.g. there was a great 
— , plurinti morte absumjiti sunt). 

mortar, n. =a vessel, pila, mortarium. 

mortar, n. = cement, arenaittm, mortarium, 

mortgage, I. n. hypotheca, planus, -dris, n. 

II. v.tr. pignori dare, obligate. 
mortification, n. 1, in surgery, gangraena 

(Cels.); 2, fig. see Vexation, mortify, I. 
v.intr. in surgery, by putrescere. II. v.tr. 
see Humble. 

mortmain, n. *mortua mantis (Mediaeval 
Lat.). 

mosaic, I. adj. tessellatus, vermiculattis. II. 
n. opus tcssellatum, vermictdatum. 

mosque, n. acdes sacra Turcica. 

mosquito, n. rates. 

moss, n. muscus. mossy, adj. mvscostts. 

most, I. adj. maximus, phtrimus ; — people, 
plerique ; see Mucn. II. adv. maxime, phtri- 
mum, valde, vchementcr; see Very, mostly, 
adv. fere, plerumque, sacpe; see Generally. 

mote, n. see Particle. 

moth, n. tinea, blatta (= mite). 

mother, n. 1, lit. muter (also as address to 
an aged female), matrix (of an animal); 2, fig. 
= preserver, mater (in gen.), parens, -tis, m. and 
f., procrcatrix, genitrix (parens must chiefly be 
used when the noun which is expressed as the 
— of anything is masculine). motlier- 
country, n. terra patria. motherhood, 
n. tnriter, maternns (e.g. the feeling of — , 
animus mntemus). mother-in-law, n. so- 
cms, -lis, f. motherless, adj. matre orbus or 
carens. motherly, adj. moternvs. mother- 
tongue, n. patrius sermo. mother-wit, n. 
to do a thing by — , crassd or pingui Minerva 
alqd facfrc (= without art); snmmo ingenio (= 
cleverly). 



mot 



779 



mill 



motion, I. n. 1, (in gen.) motus, -lis, motio 
(= the act of setting in — ), agitutio (= moving 
Up and down); to be in — , moveri, agitari; to set 
anyone in — , agere alqm ; to set in quick — , 
inciture, concitare (e.g. a horse, etc.); 2, = pro- 
posal, rogatio (of tlie tribunes), sententia (in tlio 
senate); to bring forward a — , rogationem or 
legem {reYem. II. v.tr. annuere, signifcare. 
motionless, adj. immotus. 

motive, I. n. caus(s)a, 'ratio; to act from 
any — , alqd ratioue adductus alqd facere. II, 
adj. qui {quae, quod) agitat or movet. 

motley, adj. coloris maculosi, maculosus 
(= spotted in gen.), maculis albis (= with white 
spots), varii or disparis coloris (=of different 
colours). 

motto, n. sententia (as an idea -which we 
have pronounced, a sentiment), dictum (=*a say- 
ing, anything uttered), verbum, vox (as a short 
sentiment). 

mould, n. = shape, forma. 

mould, n. = soil, terra; see Earth, mould- 
er, v.iutr. mucescere, putrescire. mouldiness, 
n. mucor. mouldy, adj. vuicidus (Juv.). 

moult, v.intr. plumas ponere. 

mound, n. tumulus, agger, -tris, m. 

mount, I. v.intr. 1, see Rise; 2, — to get 
on horseback, conscendere (equum). II. v.tr. 
1, = to furnish with horses, milites equis im- 
ponere; — ed, equo vectus ; 2, to — guard, by 
excubiae in stationem procedunt, milites in sta- 
tiones succedunt ; = to ascend, scandere, a(d)s- 
senders, conscendere, escendere. 

mountain, n. mons, -tis, m. ; what belongs 
to, lives, grows upon the — , montanus; full of 
— a, moutuosus or montosus ; situate on this side 
of the — s, cismontanus ; on the other side of 
the — s, transmontanus ; on, along the — , sub 
montetn, in or sub rudicibus mantis [— close to the 
foot of the — ). mountaineer, n. homo mon- 
tanus. mountainous, adj. montosus, moutu- 
osus (opp. planus), montanus. 

mountebank, n. circulator (in gen.), fein. 
circulatrix, pharmacopola circkmforaneus ( s 
quad;). 

moum, I. v.intr. maerere, in maerore esse or 
jacere ( = to be deeply afflicted), lugere, in luctn 
esse (=to show one's grief outwardly), squal- 
ore, in squalore esse (of extreme grief, which 
shows itself by entire neglect of one's own self 
and of outward appearance, e.g. luget senatus, 
maeret equester ordo, squalent municipia, Cic.), 
comb, ludu alque maerore affectum esse, in luctu 
et squalore esse; cultu lugubri indutum ( ■= to 
go into — ing), for anyone, pro alqo. II. v.tr. 
see Lament, Grieve, mournful, adj. tristis; 
muestus (=sad), lugubris, ficbilis, lamentabilis, 
acerbus, luctuosus ( = causing sorrow). Adv. 
maeste, Uugubriler, fltbiliter, accrbc, luctuose. 
mournfulness, n. maeror, tristitia ; see 
Sadness. mourning, n. maeror, mdestttia 
( = grief), luctus, -us ( = grief shown outwardly 
by dress, etc.) ; — dress, vestis or cultus, -U3, 
lugubris, squalor (referring to the neglect 
shown in one's outward appearance, with a view 
to excite sympathy), sordes, -ium (forgetting all 
dignity and decency) ; to be In — , in luotu 
esse, pullatum or sordidatum esss. 

mouse, n. mus, muris, in. and f., musculus 
(—a little — ). mouse-hole, n. cavis or cavum 
viuris. mouse-trap, n. muscipula (Sen.). 

moustache, n. perhaps barba labri superi- 
oris. 

mouth, n. 1, os, oris, n. ; with open — , 
hians; anything makes my — water, alqd sal- 
team mihi movet ; to have a thing in one's — , 



alqd in ore lutbere (lit. of food, lig. of words) : to 
be in anyone's — , in omnium ore or in omnium 
ore et sermons esse, omni populo in ore esse,'per 
omnium ova Jerri ; 2, — of a river, etc., os, oris, 
n., ostium (in gen.) ; caput ( = a single — of ;. 
river); — entrance, in gen. aditus, -us. 

move, I. v.tr. (com)movlre, dire ( =to set in 
motion), agitare (= to — up and down), versarel — 
to turn round), quatire ( = to shako), moliri ( — 
to — with exertion), rotare, circumagere (= to — 
round ; rotare more poet.) ; tig. commoverc, pernio- 
vcre, lurbare, conturbare(= to agitate one's mind); 
to — heaven and earth, caelum ac terras miscere ; 
= to guide anyone, influence anyone's will, 
(com)movere (ingen.),^ec<eie(=to persuade any- 
one who was of a different mind before), vincero 
or expugnare precibus, pirecibtts lucrimisque ( =;to 
persuade anyone to yield). II. v.intr. 1, se 
(com)movere, (com)moveri (= to be in motion), in- 
citari (quickly, opp. retardari), ferri (suddenly, 
violently, opp. labi, particularly of celestial 
bodies), micare, vibrare ( = to vibrate, e.g. of the 
light) ; to — in a circle, in orbem cirewnagi ; to 
— round anything, ambire alqd, versari circa 
alqd (e.g. round the axis of the earth, 
of the universe, etc.), ferri circum alqd, volvi 
circa alqd ; 2, in an assembly, (re)ferre ; see 
Motion, I. 2. moveable, adj. mobilis (lit. 
and fig., e.g. of the mind), agilis (of what 
can be easily moved about, e.g. a ship, 
then fig. of the mind, etc.). movement, n. 
motus, -us ; to observe the enemy's — s, quae ab 
hostibus aganlur cognoscere; see Motion. 

mow, v.tr. demetere, sccare ( = to cut). 
mower, n. faenisex {fen-), mowing, n. faen- 
isicium, faenisicia (fen-). 

much, adj. and adv. multus ; — trouble 
and labour, plurimum laboris et operae; —also 
rendered by subst., such as copia, vis, multitude), 
magnus numerus; to have — of a thing, abuv- 
dare alqd re (e.g. otio, leisure) ; to have — inter- 
course with anyone, multum case cum alqo ; — 
more, — less, multo magis, mu'to minus; some- 
times also multis parlibus (e.g. to be — greater, 
multis parlibus majorem esse) ; — beloved, dilec- 
tissimus, carissimus ; as — as, tantus . . .quantus 
(adv. tantum . . . quantum) ; — less, nedum, ne 
dicam, tantum abest ut. 

muck, n. sec Dirt, muck-heap, n. ster- 
quiliuian. 

mucous, adj. mucosus (Cels.). mucus, n. 
pituita [ — phlegm, rheum), mucus (= filth of 
the nose). 

mud, n. lutum, caenum. muddy, adj. 
lutosus (of soil), lutulentus ( = besmeared with 
mud) ; see Dirty. 

muddld, I. n. turba, confusio; see Con- 
fusion. II. v.tr. 1, miscere, turbare, comb. 
miscerc ac turbare ; see Confuse ; 2, with drink, 
t incbriarc ; to be — d, vino madere (Plant.). 

muff, n. manlca ( = a long sleeve). 

muffin, n. see Cake. 

muffle, v.tr. velare, obvolvire. muffler, n. 
tegumentum, teg(i)mentum ; wearing a — , caplte 
obvoluto. 

mug, n. see Cup. 

muggy, adj. humidus ( =damp), densus( * 
thick), culidus (= warm). 

mulberry, n. morum ; — tree, morus, f. 

mulct, v.tr. mullare. 

mule, n. mulus, mula. 

mull, v.tr. — ed wine, v inum feroidum. 

mullet, n. mullus. 

multifarious, adj. multiplex, varius. Adv. 
varie, multis mod is. 



mul 



780 



mus 



multiform, adj. multiformis. 

multiplication, n. multiplicatio. mul- 
tiply, I. v.tr. 1, in arithmetic, multiplkaiv ; 

2, in gen. = to increase, mxdtiplicare ; see In- 
crease, II. v.intr. augeri, crescerc. 

multitude, n. multitude (of persona and 
things), vis, vis, f. (e.g. magna vis hominum), 
vulgus, -i, n. (= the — , in contemptuous sense), 
by viulti and n. (e.g. multi homines, multac 
naves), frequentia, coctus, -us (= number of people 
together), multitudinous, adj. crehcr, frc- 
linens, multus, nume.rosus. 

mumble, v.intr. see Muttbk. 

mummer, n. qui jxrsorwm or partes ayit. 
mummery, n. persona or partes, -ium. 

mummy, n. homo mortuv* arte medico tits 
(Tac.). 

munch, v.tr. manducare. 

mundane, n. 1, lit. mundanvs; 2, rig. = 
worldly, alcjs rei (e.g. divitiarum), Btudiosus, 
aid rei rieditus. 

municipal, adj. municipalis. munici- 
pality, n. municipium. 

munificence, n. munificent ia, largitas, 
liberal itas ; see Generosity. munificent, 
adj. munijieus, liberal is ; see Generous. Adv. 
munifice, large, liberaliter. 

muniment, n, munimentum. munition, 
n. instrnmenta, -orum, or apparatus, -us, belli. 

mural, adj. muralis. 

murder. I. n, cacdes (in gen.), occisio, homi- 
cidium ( = homicide), nex ( = violent death), 
scelusalciallatum(= crime committed upon any- 
one), parricidium alcjs (on a father, mother, 
brother, etc.); to commit 8 — , caedem, homici- 
dium j'ueere, parriddivm committer/; parricidio 
se obstringire ; on anyone, cacdem aids facers or 
efficere or perpetrare, mortem per scelus alci in- 
ferre, necem alci in/erre, offerrc, alci vim ajferre 
( = to Joy hands upon anyone), ulqm inicrficere or 
occidere (— to kill anyone) ; accomplice in a — , 
caedis socius, in the context also scckri affinis (as 
participating in the — ). II. v.tr. caedere, occi- 
dcre,ivte/ficere, trucidare,jugulare, necare, deor e 
medio tollere. murderer, n. homiclda, m. andf. 
(in gen.), purricida (of a father, mother, brother, 
sister, a free citizen, a public officer, one's 
sovereign, etc.),fratrieida (of a brother), matriei- 
da (of a mother), sicarius ( = who makes a trade 
of it), permssor (= who pierces, slaughters any- 
one); — of a despot, tyrant, tyrannicida,tyranni 
interfector. murderous, adj. sanguinarius 
( = bloodthirsty, e.g. man, thought), tcruentvs 
(when much blood is shed, e.g. helium, dies; also 
bloodthirsty, e.g. thought), atrox or (stronger) 
atrocissimus ( = fearful, most fearful, e.g. battle, 
pugna; bloodshed, slaughter, cacdes). 

murmur, I. u, 1, murmur, -aris, n., fee- 
mitlis, -lis (especially of a seditious mob), su- 
surrus (= whispering, and of a river); to hear a 
thing without a — , sedate or qniete or aequo 
mnimo ferrc alqd ; 2, = complaint, querela; see 
CoMr-LAi.v. II. v.intr. 1, murmurare, t susur- 
rare (of a low continued noise) ; to — (as a sign 
of approbation or disapproval), admurmurare ; 
as a sign of applause or indignation, fremere 
(also = to — at, with aeeus. and infin.); to — 
at with a hissing noise, mussare, mussitare; 
2, = to complain, qixeri ; see Complain. 

muscle, ii. 1, in anatomy, musendvs (Cels.) ; 
the — in the arm, lacerlus; 2, a shell-llsh, 
mytitus(mit-). muscular, adj. lacertosms ; see 
Strong. 

muse, n. Musa. 

museum, n. museum (as a place where men 



of learning meet, not in the sense of a reposi- 
tory) ; natural history — , thesaurus rcrum 
naturalium exemplis refertus, thesaurus quo res 
naturales continental: 
musliroom, n. fungus, boletus (= edible — ). 

music, n. 1, as art, ars musica, mnsice, -is, 
f. (tiovrnicri, ^), musira, -orum, res mitsica; 2, 
of musical productions, = composed pieces, 
modi (musici) ; = made with instruments, rou- 
tes, -its, concentus, -us, symphonic (of several 
instruments); to make — with an instrument, 
canere (with the abl. of the instrument); to 
enter a town with — , urbem ad classieum in- 
troire (of soldiers); pieces of --, modi exseripti 
(instrumental), musical, adj. 1, = concern- 
ing, referring to music, musiens, aptatlis ad usns 
cauendi (= adapted for making music, e.g. 
instrument, organum) ; 2, = understanding 
music, by circumloc. musicis erudltus, arlis 
musicae per it us ; to have a — ear, in the con- 
text by (Mires erudites habere, aurium judicio 
vale re ; 3, = melodious, canorns ; of speerh, 
numerosus ; see JIeloiuous. Adv. by adjs. ; 
numerose. musician, n. 1, if he plays in public, 
servus or jrner symjmoniacus (= a slave), fidicen, 
-icinis, in. (= who plays the lyre), Wiicen, -Twin's 
(= who plays the Ilute or clarionet), curnicen 
(= who plays the horn) ; 2, in a higher sense, 
artis musiciae peritus. * 

musket, n. sec Gun. 

muslin, n. sindon, coa, -orum, byssus. 

must, differently expressed, 1, by gerundive 
= a necessity inferred from the circumstances 
of the case, e.g. people, we, you, etc — die, 
moriendum est ; one — confess that every living 
creature is mortal, conjitendum est omne animal 
esse morlale ; the person by which a thing is 
to be done in the dative, very seldom by ah, 
and only when a second dative would make the 
meaning ambiguous and obscure ; e.g. everyone 

— use his own judgment, suo caique judicio 
iitendum est ; the property of many citizens is 
at stake, of which you — take every care, ugun- 
tur bona multorum civium, quibus a vohis con- 
sulendum est (here a vohis on account of quibus, 
Cic, who in another passage has also two datives 
with the gerundive) ; we — take the same road, 
haec via (nobis) ingrcdienda ; one — know 
nature, noscenda est. natura; the speaker — con- 
sider three points, tria videnda sunt oratori ; 

2, by oportet (impersonal Set, expressing a ne- 
cessity inferred from reason, or from the. law, 
or from prudence or justice), with the aecus. 
and infin., or merely with the subjunctive mood ; 

3, = by ilebere (o^ei'Aeic), to express a moral 
obligation, e.g. you — honour him like your 
father, sum patris loco colere debts; if we were 
affected in seeing the misery of our allies, what 

— we now do when we see our own blood 
shed? sociorum. miserid eommorehamur, quid 
nunc in nostro sanguine facere debemus? Dchere, 
therefore, is nearly = ojficium, so that we can 
also express — by ojllcium est alcjs and simply 
est alcjs, e.g. a stranger — mind only his own 
affairs, peregrini officivm est (i.e. peregrimts 
debet) nihil praetcr suwn negotium agire ; a 
good orator — have heard much, e,-t boni 
oratoris (i.e. bonus orator debit) mitlta aurihus 
accepisse. Offwium is gen. left out in I, yon 
— , 7/ienm, tuum, veslrum est; 4, byjwirnre and 
existimare, in the rhetorical style, as a form of 
politeness, so that the hearers may be allowed 
to come to a conclusion themselves about a 
point, e.g. you see to what a pilch the republic 

— proceed, vidcte Qiiajn in locum rempublicam 
percenluram putelis ; 5, by opus est (impersonal 
XPy), in speaking of any event subjectively felt, 
and from the supplying of which we expect 



mus 



781 



nak 



great advantages ; either with accus. and infill., 

ur if the person who — do, etc., a tiling is 
added in the dative, ut with subjunctive mood, 
e.g. if anything should happen which you — 
know (which it is useful for you to know), I'll 
write to you, si quid erit, quod te scire opus est, 
scribam ; I — go and wash myself, mini opus 
est ut lavem. Also, I — have so and so may be 
rendered by mihi opus est, either impersonally 
with abl., or personally with the nominative of 
the person or thing that — be had, e.g. we — 
have a guide, dux et auctor nobis opus est ; we — 
use your authority, auctoritate tud nobis opus 
est ; 6, by necesse est (impersonal, ardy/oj ea-Ti), 
expressing necessity, either with accus. ana 
intin., or simply with subjunctive mood, e.g. 
this mortal frame of ours — (necessarily) perish 
some time, corpus mortale alqo tempore perire 
uecessc est; 7, by facere non possum, or simply 
noil possum with quin, etc., or Jieri non potest 
with ut non, etc., or non possum non with intin., 
to express what cannot be avoided, inward 
necessity, e.g. 1 — exclaim, non possum quin 
exciamem; 8, simply by the verb: in the in- 
dicative, inasmuch as in Latin we often leave 
it for the reader to supply in his own mind 
under what circumstances an action took place, 
e.g., I — confess, confiieor (Ter.), fateor (Cic); 
I — regret, doleo (Cic.) ; I — express my sur- 
prise, miror (Liv.) ; this one thing I — remark, 
unum illud dico ; in the subjunctive, if we 
only speak of a supposed necessity, e.g. a cir- 
cumstance, at which not only all educated 
people, but even savages — blush, o rem dig- 
■nam, in qua non modo docti, verum etiam agrestes 
erubescunt ; 9, you — (as urgent appeal), either 
simply by the imperative mood, or by fac ut, 
e.g. ii' you are not satislied with that, you — 
accuse your own injustice, haec si vobis non 
pmbabuntur, oestrum iniquitatem accusatote ; you 
— not (as an urgent warning, not to a thing), 
fac nc, etc. (= mind that not, etc.), cave nc (= 
take care lest, or not to, etc.), noli with iufin., 
e.g. you — not wish, cave ne cupius. 

must, n. mustum. 

mustard, n. sinapi (in the genit. sinapis, in 
the dat., accus., and abl. sinapi ; the nom. 
seldom) ; — plaster, sinapismus (very late). 

muster, I. v.tr. 1, recensere (= to examine 
through one by one, to ascertain the condition, 
number, etc., of the army, cavalry, the senate, the 
people), inspkere (= to inspect, e.g. the legions, 
arma, viros, equos cum curd inspicere, Liv.); 
numerum alcjs inire (of a crowd), comb, recen- 
sere et numerum inirc(ofa mass ofpeople) ; 2, fig. 
to — courage, animum erigere. II. v.intr. con- 
gregari, coire, convenire, adesse ; see Assemble. 
III. n. see Assembly. 

musty, adj. mucidus (Juv., of bread and 
wine), in gen. perhaps obsoletus ; see also Old. 

mutable, adj. (eom)mnlabilis, inconstant, 
mobilis ; see Changeable, mutability, n. 
mutabilitas ; see Change, Levity. 

mute, I. adj. mntus. II. n, serous, defining 
sense by context, or unus ex iis qui /units 
ducunt. 

mutilate, v.tr. mutilare (gen. of trifling 
mutilations, e.g. nose, ears, finger), truncare (= 
to make into a stump as it were, to — entirely, 
cut off anyone's head, arms, feet, hands, etc., 
singly or all at once; e.g., a body, coipus ; a 
statue, simulacrum), mutilated, adj. muti- 
latus, mutiius, truncu-s, truncatvs (mutilus and 
tnlncatuaa.m used also of mutilation by nature), 
debilis (= infirm, inasmuch as the person that is 
mutilated is deprived of the use of the — limb), 
curtus (« cut wrong, too small, too short, not 



having sufficient size or perfection and com- 
pleteness, e.g. eorum omnium, mulla praetermit- 
tentium, quasi curia sententia). mutilation, 
n. by verb. 

mutiny, I. n. conspiratio (= a plot against 
the superior), conjuratio (= conspiracy), seditio, 
motus, -us (— insurrection). II. v.intr. inter se 
conspirare, inter se conjurare (= to conspire), 
seditionem facere. mutineer, n. conjurutus, 
homo seditiosns. mutinous, adj. seditiosus. 
Adv. scditiose. 

mutter, v.intr. and tr. mussari, mussitare. 
mutton, n. caro (camis) ovilis. 
mutual, adj. mutuui. Adv. mutuo. 
muzzle, n. = fastening for the mouth, 

fisceila. 

my, pron. mens ; but only expressed if it is 
required to avoid ambiguity, e.g. I have seen — 
brother, fratrem vidi ; I am — own master, 
mens sum, mei juris sum ; it is — business, — 
duty, meum est; I for — part, quod ad me at- 
tinet, ego quidem (often noster is used for meus, 
as nos for ego). 

myriad, n.l,= ten thousand, decern mil{l)ia; 
2, = an indefinitely large numbor, sescenti. 

myrmidon, n. emissarius, satelles, -itis, m. 
(et administer). 

myrrh, n, murra (myrrha) ; of — , murrinus ; 
anointed with — , imurreus. 

myrtle, I. n. myrtus (mur-). II. adj. t myr- 
tens; — berry, myrtum; — grove, myrletum. 

myself, pron. see I, Self. 

mysterious, adj. arcanus; a — affair, res 
arcana, mysterium; see Secret, mystery, u. 
1, in a religious sense, mysteria, -orvm, sacra, 
■orum {— worship, e.g. Cereris) ; to initiate into 
the mysteries, mysteriis initiari ; to celebrate, 
perform the mysteries, mysteria facire ; thesoaro 
mysteries to me (which I don't understand), haec 
non intellego ; = sacred, secret, arcanum; 2, = 
a secret in gen., res occulta, mystic, I. adj. 

I, — belonging to religious mysteries, mysticus, 
mysticis disciplinis initiatus; 2, = see Stbanoe. 

II. n. homo mysticus, homo studio mysticodeditus. 
mystioism, n. studium myslicum (= mys- 
terious doctrine), mystification, n. Indus, 
ludijicatio (= tricks, fun) ; = fraud, fravs. 
mystify, v.tr. alqm fraudare (= to deceive). 

myth, n.jdbula. mythical, adi. Ifubulosus. 
mythology, n. fabulae. mythological, adj 
quod adfabulas pertinet. 



N. 



nag, n. caballus; see Horse. 

naiad, n. naias. 

nail, I. n. 1, (on the fingers and toes) un- 
guis, -is, m.; dirty — s, ungues sordidi (e.g. and 
see that your — s be not dirty, et tint sine sordi- 
bus ungues, Ov.) ; to cut the — s, ungues recidcre 
or resecare ; to bite one's — s, ungues rodere; 2, 
an iron or wooden — , to be driven into a board, 
etc., clavus; to drive a — , clavum (de)figere ; 
you have hit the — on the head, acu tetigisti ; a 
small tack, clavulus; head of a — , clavi bulla. 
II. v.tr. = to fasten with — s on anything, 
(clavis) affigere, or configlre aid ret, sujfigere in, 
alqd; —ed, flzus. 

naive, adj. perhaps simplex. Adv. perhaps 
sinefuco acfallaciis. 

naked, adj. nudus (lit. and tig.); half'—, 
seminudus; to niake or strip — , nudart («.j$, 



nam 



i82 



nat 



jcorpus). Adv. aperte (= openly), sine fuco ac 
fallaciis (= without dissimulation), naked- 
ness, n. 1, vudatum corpus; 2, fig. of style, 
jejunitas, inopia acjejunitas, exilitas, skcitas. 

name, I. n, 1, nome n, (of a person), vocabulum 
(= the sign of an object or person), appcllalio(= 
the calling, the title), cognomen (== tho family 
name); my — is Balbus, est mihi nomen lialbo 
or Batons; give him a kiss in my — , suavium 
des el meis verbis ; in the — of the state, publice 
(opp. privatim); in — (or appearance.) only, 
verbo (tenus), verba non re or rcverd; under 
the — of, nomine alcjs rei, sub titulo ulcjs rei, 
specie alcjs rei (= under the excuse, pretence, 
or pretext); 2, fig. nomen; to have a — , magnum 
nomen or magnum famam habSre ; to obtain a — , 
nomen consequi, famam colligcre ; nomen also = 
.nation or people, e.g. hostile to the Roman — 
(= everything Roman), nomini Homa.no inini- 
mm otinfesbu.ru ; the terror of the Gallic — , terror 
Gallici nominis. II. v.tr. alqm nominare, alci 
nomen dare, indire, facere, alci rei nomen im- 
panire, alqm appellarc, dicere, nuncupare; to — 
after a person, ab nomine alcjs appellate (with 
the appellation in the accus.) ; see Call, Ap- 
point, nameless, adj. nominis expers; a 
certain person who shall be — , homo quidam. 
namely, adv. if inserted to add something to 
a previous statement, by apposition (e.g. if you 
wish to destroy avarice you must destroy its par- 
ent, — luxury, avuriliam si tollere vidtis, mater 
ejus est tollenda, luxuries); sometimes it may be 
rendered by rei. and est (e.g. maxime ilia movens 
eloqventia quae est naturulis); more expressive is 
dicij or inquam, = I mean, e.g. suptriores oratores, 
Crassum dico et Antonium. namesake, n. 
todem nomine vppellatus. 

nap, I. n. somnus brevis, somnus meridianus 
( = sleep in the middle of the day). Ii. v.intr. 
paid(l)um conquiesccrc ; see Sleep. 

nap, n. (of cloth), perhaps villus, 
- nape, n. cervix. 

napkin, n. mappa, mantele, -is, n. 

narcissus, n. narcissus (riin.). 

narcotic, I. adj. by (con)sopire, somnum alci 
ajerre. II. n. medicamentum sovuiiflcum (Vlin.). 

nard, n. nardus (Vim.). 

narrate, v.tr. (lit.) (e)narrare, rcferre, memo- 
rare, erponcre alqd alci ; see Tell, Relate, 
Recite. narration, narrative, I. n. 
narratto (= the act of telling, and the — itself), 
relatio (Quint.), memoria(= account of any event 
as handed down to us), erpositio (= exposition, 
representation), historia (= story). II. adj. bv 
nurrare, etc. narrator, n. narrator; auctor, 
rerum gestarum pron-untiutor. 

narrow, I. adj. l, = of little breadth, an- 
gustus (= not broad, not wide, leaving lit! le dis- 
tance from side to side, opp. lalus, generally as 
censure), artus (= tightened, opp. laxus, gener- 
ally expressing praise, hence also fig. = inti- 
mately connected, of friendship, etc.), contrac- 
tut (= drawn together) ; 2, = not liberal, angusti 
animi et parvi, pusilli animi et contract!.; 3, =: 
difficult ; to have a — escape, vix oiaegreperi- 
■culum effuglre. Adv. -— nearly, aegre, vix (= 
scarcely), fere, ferme (= almost) ; = closely, 
accurate, diligentcr. II. v.tr. (co)artare, contra- 
■here. III. v.intr. in artius coire, cogi. IV. 
n. or narrows, aditus, -Us (= access in gen.), an- 
gv,3tiaelo:oruni or simply angustiae (= — passage 
through a mountain, hollow, etc.), fauces, -ium, 
(= — entrance and outlet). narrow- 
Qess, n. angvstiuc (lit. of narrow pass, tic;. = 
'.aibarratsmont, difficult circumstances, defi- 
ciency of understanding) ; -- of mind, animus 
angueiwet parvus. 



nasal, adj. narium (gen. of nares, = nose). 
nascent, adj. nascens. 

nasty, adj. 1, of taste, amarus (= bitter), 
injucundus, gravis (= unpleasant) ; see Un- 
pleasant; 2, = foul, spurcus, ietcr, immundvs, 
foedus,obscenus(obscacn-): see Foul. Adv. amare, 
gravUer, spurce, tetre, focde, obscene (obscacn-). 
nastincss, n. 1, of taste, umaritas, amaritudo ; 
of smell, gravitas (Plin.) j 2, focditas, obscenitas 
{obscaen-). 

natal, adj. natalis, natalicius. 

nation, n. populvs, gens,-ntis, f. (= the people 
of a country as a whole), natio ; my, your — , 
cives nostri, vestri. national, adj. gentis propri- 
us(=: peculiar to a people), domesticus(— referring 
to one's own country), popularis (= peculiar to 
the great mass of the people), togatus (= only of 
the Romans, e.g.fabula togata, =the— drama); 
it is — , est gentis proprium (= it is peculiar to 
the whole people); — character, mind, of a 
people, in the context, natura insita, ingenium, 
ingenium hominum, mores, mos ulcjs gentis. 
nationality, n. mores popiUi or clvitatis, 
mores domestici (= customs at home) ; the — of 
the Greeks, mores or omnis mos Graecorum ; to 
preserve the — , mores, leges, ct ingenium since- 
rum, integrumque a conto.gione accolarum servare. 

native, I. adj. indigena, or by circuml. in cd 
or Hid terra natus ; — land, patria. II. n., the 
— s, indigenae ; the — s of an island, in insula 
noli, nativity, n. in astrology, thema, -atis, n. 
(Suet.), positus, -its, siderum ct spatia (= place 
of the stars at the time of anyone's birth), 
sidv.s (-ens, n.) natalicium (— the sign under 
which auyono is born); to cast a — , nature 
sidera natalicia. 

natural, I. adj. naturalis (= coming from 
nature, opp. artificiosus ; = founded upon the 
nature of things, opp. arccssitus or quaesitus) ; 
nativus (— what is so by nature, in its -r- condi- 
tion, of things, e.g. wall, dam, hair, colour, grotto, 
heat, opp. artificiosus, also of innate qualities, 
opp. quaesitus), naturalUer innatus or insitus, 
also amply innalusovinsitus, comb, innatnsatque 
insitus (= innate by nature, only of qualities), 
proprins et naturalis(— peculiar by nature,to any- 
one, alcjs), simplex, sincerus (= simple, without a 
mixture, of things outwardly seen; hence also 
= not artificial, of words, and sincere, not hypo- 
critical, of man, opp. fucatus), vcrus {— true, sin- 
cere, opp. simulatus, of words, etc.), comb. 
sincerus atque rents (opp. fucatus et simulatus) ; 
filius non legitimus, a — son ; filius nolhu's, filius 
econenbind natus, filius naturalis (Jet.); a — 
death; mors, -tis, f . ; to die a — death, na- 
turae conccdere ; to be a — consequence <>f 
anything, ex ipsd rei nalurd sequi; quite 
— ! of course! minime mirum id quidem; — 
philosophy, physica, -orum, investigate rerum 
naturae ( = study of nature) ; the Greeks 
studied — philosophy, nature, Graeci stadium 
collocabant in rebus natu-ralibus scrutandis expli- 
candisque; — sciences, disciplinae quae naturae 
investigatione continoiiur, disciplinae quae in 
mundi leges atque in corporum naluram inqui- 
ring ; — products, quae terra gignit or jmrit, 
qiuie gignuntur in or ^ terra, res naturalcs ; — 
gift, ingenium, iwloles, -is. Adv. secundum 
natvram, naturaliter, naturae convent enter ; = 
unaffectedly, simpliciter, sincere, sinefvcoacfal- 
laciis; = clearly, manifesto, necessario. Il.n.sttd- 
tv.s ; see Fool. Idiot, naturalisation, n., by 
naturalize, v.tr., to — someone, alci civitatem 
dare (see Citizen) ; to be — d, civeniesse, in civi- 
tote or civitati a(d)scriptvm esse ; to — an animal 
or plant, importare. naturalist, d. qui rerum 
iiatwralium excmpla (v'ndUpu Ummiirit, df) iifves- 
act. nature, u. iwtvta, ivjfenii>rr., in'do!c: l 



uau 



783 



nef 



•is l {.. proprietor (= peculiar to anyone or any- 
thing) ; natura reram, mundus (= of things, 
world), agrl, campi, rus (= open air, fields); 
by — , natura, naturaliter ; according to — , 
secundum nataram (= in the course of — , opp. 
contra nuturam, i.e. contrary to —), naturae con- 
venienter (= in accordance with — , both with 
vivere = to live) ; the — of a thing, natura or ratio 
alcjs rci; to draw, picture anything from — , ad 
verum exprimere alqd (with the pencil or in 
writing) ; phenomenon of — , quod in rerum 
natura jit, ostentum, prodigium, portentum; 
agreeable to — , naturae conveniens or congruens, 
naturae or ad naturamaccommodatus, ad nuturam 
aptus (opp. naturae or a natura ulienus), natura- 
lis (opp. fucatus) ; to be in conformity with — , 
naturae convenire, secundum nuturam esse; law 
of — , lex naturae or naluralis (in gen.), ratio 
profecta a rerum naturd (= law based upon the — 
of things) ; people living in a state of — , populus 
nullo officio aut disciplind assuefuctus. 

naught, n. nihil; to set at — , parvi facere 
(= to make little of) ; see Mock. 

naughty, adj. improbus, ivvnodestus (= be- 
having in an improper manner), rusticus (= 
rude), naughtiness, n. immodestia (= im- 
proper behaviour), rusticltus (= rudeness). 

nausea, n. nausea, fastidium (= disgust). 
nauseous, adj. see Loathsome, Disgusting. 

nautical, naval, adj. navalis (e.g. pugna), 
■naulicus (= nautical;, maritimus (= belonging 
to the sea). 

nave, u. 1, of a wheel, modiolus ; 2, of a 
building, spatium medium. 
navel, n. umbilicus. 

navigable, adj. navigubilis, navium pattens 
{— being able to carry vessels), navigate, 
v.tr. nuvigure in alqo loco or per atom locum or 
simply altpn locum, navigation, n. mvigatio 

(= the vuyage itself), are navalis (as art, skill). 
navigator, n. nauta; see Sailor, navy, n. 
copiae navales, naves (= ships), t navts bellicae 
{= men-of-war), classis. 
nay, adv. hn(m)o (vero); quin etiam, atque 

■ etium, atque adeo {— — even); lie is living, — he 
comes into the senate, vivit, im(iu)o vcro etiam 
in senatum venit; see No. 

neap-tide, n. perhaps aeslus (-us) minor. 

near, I. adv. prope, juxta, propter (rare); — 
two hundred men, ad ducenlos homines; see 
Nearly. II. prep, ad, prope, propter with accus., 
.secundum(=z along or by with accus.). III. adj. 
1, jrropinquus (= — to with gen.); — er, pro- 
pior; —est, proximus; vicinus ( — neighbour- 
ing),' a — friend, familiaris ; — relationship, 
. ncccssitudo ; 2, see Mean, nearly, adv. prope, 
paene,fere, ferine; he was — doing it, in eo crat 
lit ; to be — related, alqm genere contingerc, 
alei propinquum (et necessurium) esse, near- 
ness, n. propinquilas (of place or relationship). 
nearsighted, adj. l, non longe prospicere 
posse; 2, tig. purum prudens. 

neat, adj. 1, = very clean, nitidus (= — -look- 
ing, of the outside), comptus (= dressed smartly, 
also nitidns, = of — appearance), comb, nitidus 
et comptus, elega>is (= elegant in dress, appear- 
ance, manners); a — little gentleman, ad nnguem 
facius homo (Hor., Bat.), juvenis barbd et comd 
nit.idus, totus de capsuld (Sen.); 2,= free from 
impure words and phrases, nitidus, comptus (of 
the style, the speaker, the writer), comb, nitidus 
ei comptus. A<iv. nitide, coinpte, eleganier ; bee 
Clean, Elegant, neatness, n. nitor, ele- 
gantia (= — as regards outward appearance 

■ and manners), mumitia, mundities (= cleanli- 
ness). 



neat -cattle, n. armenta, -orum. neat 
herd, n. armenturius. 

nebula, n. nebula, nebulous, adj. nebu^ 

losus. • 

necessaries, u. res quibus cartre non pos- 
sumus, res quibus homines vtuntur, res ad vitan* 
nccessariae, usus vitae necessarii, quae sunt ad 
vivendum necessaria, quae ad vlctum cultumque 
pertinent (for our daily sustenance; e.g. wheat, 
wood, and other — , frumentum lignanue et cetera 
necessaria usibus). necessary, adj. necessari- 
us; — things, res nccessariae (in gen.); to pro- 
vide with everything — , omnibus rebus ornare 
atque instruere, or simply ornare atque instruere; 
it is — , necessarium est ; it is — to, etc., or that, 
etc., opus est (gen. with infln., sometimes but 
not often with ut and subj. mood), necesse est 
(with accus. and lnfln., or with subj. mood ; see 
Must) ; est quodov cur (= there is a reason why) ; 
despatch is — , maturuto or properato opus est, 
properes or festines necesse est (= it is — for us 
to be quick), est quod festines or festinemus (= it is 
desirable to be quick) ; if it should be — , si usus 
fuerit, si, qu,is usus venerit, si res postidarit (= if 
circumstances require it) ; I consider it —to do 
a certain thing, alqd faciendum puto, necesse est 
me alqdfaclre (= I must necessarily do a thing). 
Adv. necessario, utiquc (= at any rate) ; often by 
necesse est with subjunctive mood (e.g. out of 
dissipation must — come avarice, ex luxurid 
exsiitat avaritia necesse est), necessitarian, 
n. qui omnia fato fieri putat. necessitate, 
v.tr. by corjere; see Orlige. necessity, u. 
1, necessitus ; to be placed in the — , cogi with ut, 
etc. [— to see, find oneself compelled), necessario 
cogi with infln. (= to find oneself necessarily 
compelled); if anyone should be placed in this 
— , si quae necessitas hujus rei alci obvenerit , to 
perceive the — of a thing, vidcrc alqd neces- 
sarium esse; 2, = need ; see Want. 

neck, n. 1, = part of an animal's body, or of 
the human body, collmn, . cervix (before Aug. 
almost always used iu the pi., cervices), gala, 
fauces, --ium (= throat, gullet) ; fig. to bend 
anyone's — , animum or ferociam alcjs frangere; 
to bend anyone's — under the yoke of servitude, 
alci jugum scrvitutis injungere ; 2, = a long, 
narrow tract of land, cervix (e.g. Pclopouesi, 
Plin.), isthmus or isthmos ; 3, = the long, slen- 
der part of a vessel, plant, instrument, collum, 
cervix, or pi. cervices (of a bottle, etc.) ; os, oris, 
n. (— opening of a bottle, etc.). neck-cloth, 
u. focale, -is, n. necklace, n. monile, -is, 
torques (torquis), -quis, in. 

necromancer, n. qui animas mortuorum 
excitat. 

nectar, n. nectar. 

need, I. n. = occasion for something, ne- 
cessitas ; there is — of anything, alqd re opus est. 
II. v.tr. 1, = to be without, alqd re carere, egere ; 
2, = to want, alqd rcquirere, desiderate, alci 
opus est alqd re ; it — s a strong man to do this, 
strenui est hoc facere. needful, adj. necessarius. 
needless, adj. see Unnecessary, needy, 
adj. of persons, — haviDg but scanty means to 
live upon (opp. locuples, copiosus), egens, indi- 
gois, inops (of persons ; see Poor), comb, pau- 
per et tenuis, tenuis atque egens. neediness, 
n. ret familiaris angustiae (in a higher degree, rei 
familiaris inopia), egestas, indigentia (—-want). 
inopia (= waDt of what is necessary); se6 Pov- 
erty. 

needle, c. acus, -fa, t. needlework, n. 

opus a^u factum. 

nefarious* adj. r^farius; soe Aboiiika£ie, 
WiCKpp.. Adv. -nifarie. • . • • 



neg 



784 



nic 



negation, I. n. negatio. II. adj. negans, 
privans. 

neglect, I. v.tr. neglcgcre (neglig-), deesse alci 
ni (= to — doing a tiling), intermitiere (= to 
intermit, discontinue for a time, e.g. studies, 
studio), omittlre (= to omit, give up altogether), 
deserire (=to have nothing more to do with 
anyone). II. or negligence, n. ncglegentia 
(neglig-) (= want of attention), indiligcntia (= 
want of accuracy), incuria (= a want of the 
care which one ought to bestow upon a thing), 
neglcctio (=act of neglecting), by a participle 
(e.g. through the — of everything else, relictis 
rebus omnibus), neglectful, negligent, adj. 
neglegcns (neglig-), indiligens ; see Cakeless. 

negotiate, v.tr. agere alqd, agire de alqd re, 
or with i'((= to speak about a tiling ; with any- 
one, cum, ulqo) ; to — ft peace, agere de conditio- 
uibus pads or de pace ; to — with anyone for a 
thing, coltoqui cum alijo dc alqd re (by word of 
mouth), coltoqui per intemuntios cum algo et de 
alqd re mentioncm facfre (by intermediators). 
negotiation, n. actio de alqd re (e.g. de pace, 
before a war breaks out), paclio (= treaty), con- 
didones (= conditions of a treaty), colloquium 
(= counsel between two generals by word of 
mouth) ; to break off the — s for anything, 
infectd, pace dimitlere legatos, dimittere jjuci's 
intemuntios. negotiator, n. inter nwUius 
Ljnciliator (e.g. ;m'is), legatus (= ambassador). 

negro, n. Aethiops, Afer. negress, u. 
femina Aethiops, Afra. 

neigh, v.intr. hinnire, hinnitum rd(re. 
neighing, n. hinnltus, -vs. 

neighbour, n. in gen. vicinus, fern, vidua 
(of a house, farm, place), finitimus, confinis (= 
clo.se to the boundary), propinquus (who stands, 
sits, etc., next to a person) ; to be a — , vicinum 
esse, neighbouring, adj. victims, propinquus, 
eonfinis (of states), pruximvs; — country, terra 
rieina or finitima (= — territory), civitasjinitima 
i = a — state), neighbourhood, u. vitinia, 
vicinitas (= the relation of neighbours to each 
other), prdpinnuitus (opp. longinquiUts) ; = 
neighbours, vicini (e.g. all the — sees him, 
omnes vicini euni vident). neighbourly, adj. 
vicinis conveniens or dignus, ut.di^t vicinum. 

neither, I.' pron. neuter; in — direction, 
on — side, neutro. II. conj. ncc . . . nee, neque 
. . , neque, neve (new) . . . neve (neu). 

nephew, n. filius fratris (= brother's son), 
iilius sororis (= sister's son). 

ne-plus-ultra, u. quod optimum est. 

nepotism, n. by qui suos colil. 

nereid, u. Nereis. 

nerve, n. 1, nervus (= sinew, not class, in 
modern sense) ; 2, (ig. ncrvi (of oratory, etc.) ; 
.see Vigour, nervous, adj. 1, = nervy, ncrvo- 
sus (lit. of limbs of the body ; then = full of 
vigour, of the style of a writer, speaker, and of 
the writer or speaker himself) ; 2, = of weak 
nerves, perhaps infirmus, imbeciUis, debilis; sec 
Weak; 3, = frightened, timidlis ; see Timid. 
Adv. = vigorously, nervose, infirme, tiviide. 
nervousness, n. 1, — strength (in speech, 
etc.), ncrvi ; 2, see Weakness ; 3, fig. per- 
haps animus infirmus, imbed 1 1 us ; 4, timor ; 
see Fear. 

nest, n. nidus ; a little — , nidulus; to build 
a — , nidum facere, (con)flngere, nidijicare. 
nestle, v.intr. in gremio alcjs esse (= to lie in 
the lap), olqm nmplecii (= to embrace,) ; see Em- 
brace, nestling, n. pullus. 

net, I. n. In gen. rete, -is, or reticulum (niado 
of fine thread with meshes); to knit a — , 
rtta or reticulum Wr' ; =au ornament for the 



head, reticulum; a — for catching fish, rete, 
ifundajaculmn, evcrrirulum(= adrag — ); a — 
for catching birds, rete, plaga, or in pi. plagae; 
casses, -mm (for catching animals). II. v.tr. 
rcti capcre ; see above. 

nettle, n. vrtica (= stinging — ), galeojms, 
lamium (= dead — ) (Plin.). nettled, adj. 
iratus. 

neuter, adj. — gender, neuter, neutralis 
(Quint.), neutral, adj. medius, neutrius 
partit, comb, medius et neutrius partis, qui est 
in neulris partibus, non inaltcrius, ullins partem 
inelinatus (in gen.), otiosus (= one who remains 
quiet); to be — , medium esse, in nentris partibus 
esse, neutram partem scqui, non altcrius, ullius 
piartis esse ; to be perfectly — , nullius partis 
esse ; to remain — , medium se gcrere, neutri parti 
Be adjungcre. neutrality, n. neutrius partis 
or ncutrarum partium studium, in the connexion 
of the sentence also simply quies or otium (= 
the state of quietness), neutralize, v.tr. see 
Counterbalance; to — a state, facere ut regio 
neutrius partis sit. 

never, adv. numqvam (nunquain), non um- 
quam, nulto tempore; that he would either re- 
turn home as a pontifex or — , domum sr niii 
pontificem non reversurum ; as a strong negation, 
minime, minime vero, minime gentium, never- 
theless, adv. nihilominus, nihilo sctivs, (at)- 
tamen ; see However. 

new, adj. novus (of what did not exist before, 
opp. anliquus = what has already been in exist- 
ence a long time); in a wider sense also = not 
customary hitherto, unusual, unheard of, as 
synonymous with inanditus, hence comb, novvs 
tt inanditus ; mni.s(of what has only been made 
recently, a short while ago, fresh, young, oj>p. 
antiquils, what existed in former times); also 
comb, remis ac novus or ho vhs ae recens (to ex- 
press both tho newness of the thing itself and 
the short existence of it) ; what is still — to a 
person (= unaccustomed), insotitus(e.g. dwelling, 
domicilium) ; is there anything — ? num quid nam 
uavi f new-born, adj. recent na<u's(Plaut.), ea- 
tuli reccntes (= — puppies, Var.). newcomer, 
n. advena, in. and f. ; see Strancer. new- 
fangled, adj. mirus(— strange), novus(= new), 
iiwuditus ( — unheard of), new-fashioned, 
adj. novus or ?ioro ritu. newly, adv. Muper, 
vmdo, (— lately) recens (ante and post class.); 
see Lately, newness, n. novitas, insolentia 
(of what is uncommon), news, n. alqd novi, 
novae res, nuntius ; what — ? quid novi? that is 
no — to me, mihi nihil novi offers, news- 
paper, ii. acta publico, -otrum ; see Journal. 

newt, n. larcrtus, lacerta ( = lizard). 

next, I. adj. proximus; in the — year, prox- 
imo or insrqnenti anno. II. adv. deinceps, 
delude, post liarr, postra ( = afterwards). III. 
prep, see NEAB. 

nib, 11. = point of a pen, acumen. 

nibble, v.intr. admordere, avibedbx ( — to 
gnaw at), gnstarc ( = to taste). 

nice, adj. 1, = delicious, svueis, dvleit ; 2, 
= fastidious, by delicaius ; 3, of judgment, etc., 
acvuratus, diligent, subtilis; see Accurate. 
Adv. suavitcr, delicate, acmrate, d'ligenter, sub- 
liliter. niccness, nicety, n. 1, of taste, 
etc., suavitus, dulcitas (rare); 2, fastidium ; 3, 
diligentia, snbtilitas ; to a — , ud unguent. 

niche, n. aedicula (for statues). 

nick, n. in the — of time, in (ipso) tempore, 
opportunmime. nickname, I. n. ntmtn or 

nomen per ludibrium datum. II. v.tr. nomen 
a!ci per Indibrivm darp. 



nie 



785 



nor 



niece, n. fralrisfilia(= brother's daughter), 
lovorisfilia (= sister's daughter). 

niggardly, adj. see Miserly, niggard- 
liness, u. see M.ISKRUNE6S. 

night, 11. nox, lenebrae (= darkness); till — , 
in noctem ; by — , node, nodu, nocturna tempore; 
early in the — , concubiA node; in the dead 
of — , node intempestd. night-cap, n. 
gulents ; see Cap. night-dress, night- 
gown, night -shirt, 11. vestis noclurna. 
nightfall, n. see Evening, Night, night- 
ingale, n. luscinia. nightlight, n. see 
Lamp, nightly, adj. nocturnus, night- 
mare, n. suppressio nocturna (Plin.). night- 
shade, n. soianv.m (Plin.). 

nimble, adj. mobliis; see Light, Quick, 
Swift. 
nimbus, 11. t radii. 

nine, adj. novem; —times, novie(n)s. nine- 
teen, adj. undeviginti, distrib. undeviceni. 
nineteenth, adj. undevicesimus, nanus decimus. 
ninety, adj. nonaginta, distrib. nonageni. 
ninth, adj. nonus. 

nipple, n. papilla. 

nitre, n. see Saltpetre. 

no, I. adv. «o?t, minime vero, minime .... 
quidem( = — , not at all), im(m)o, im{m)o vero, 
im(m)o enimvero, im(m)o potius ( = — , rather to 
the contrary) ; instead of our — in answer to a 
(luestion, we generally repeat the verb of the pre- 
ceding question (e.g. is your brother within? — 1 
tstne. /rater intus t nan est f you are not angry, 
I hope? )io?i iratus es > — ! non sum iratus! 
don't you believe that? an tu hace non credis f 
— , not at all 1 minime vero! are we at fault 
then? num igitur peccamusf — , not you 1 mi- 
nime vos quidem! so then you deceive him? 
flccint hunc decipls? — ! on the contrary ho 
deceives tne, im(m)o enimvero hie me declpit ; 
— ! that is not it, ye judges; — ! it is not 
indeed! non est ita,judices! non est profecto .') ; 
to say yes or—, aut etiam aut non. respondSre ; 
nne says yes, the other — , hie ait, ille negat ; 
to say — to anything that is offered us, 
to decline, abnuere* or recusarc alqd or de 
idqd re, negare se alqd fadurum esse. II. 
(none), adj. nullus, nemo (nullus of persons 
and things, nemo of persons only), non ullus, 
non quisquam (s= not one, if agreater stress is to 
be laid upon the negative ; the former as an adj., 
the latter as a pronoun), neuter (= neither, must 
always be used if we speak of two individuals 
nr of two parties) ; if nullus and nemo are used 
in a partitive sense, that is, if — stands in 
upp. to the remaining parts or the whole, 
they govern the genit. (e.g. — mortal, nemo 
mortalium; — animal is more prudent, nidla 
beluarum prudentior est); the genit. may also 
sometimes be expressed by a circumloc. with 
ile, ex (e.g. — man of our army was killed, 
nemo de nostris ceridit) ; sometimes it would 
appear that instead of nullus and nemo we use ill 
Latin nihil (with genit. when it stands for 
nullus) ; however, nihil expresses the negative 
niore strongly than nullus ■— none at all (e.g. 
(.here is — one (at all) more miserable than I am, 
and — one more happy than Catulus, nihil me 
inforlunalius, nihil Jbrtuuati us est Catulo ; to 
have — doubt (at all), nihil dubitationis hablre); 
very often we use — when the negative does not 
refer to anything in general, but to something 
particular ; in this case, which takes place priu- 
pipally when — belongs as an adj. to a noun or 
refers as a predicate to a noun previously men- 
tioned, wo use in Latin the negative non instead 
of nullus(e.g. you ordered them — ship, navem Us 
jion imperasti), 'We likewise use non in Latin for 



— when the object in English is expressed by a 
verbal noun (e.g. to have — fear,7ionti?nere; to feel 

— doubt, nonclubitare ; to feel — hatred against 
anyone, non odisse alqm, etc.) ; — one, nemo ; at 

— place, nusquam ; at — time, numquam(nunq-), 
nullo tempore ; and at — time, necumquam; in — 
respect, nihil; in — wise, nullo modo, nulla 
ratione. nobody, n. nemo, nullus (= no ; 
as the genit. of nemo, neminis was little used, 
nullius was used instead), nemo homo ; and — , 
nee ullus, nee quisquam ; that — , ne quid ; a — , 
terrae filius. nowhere, adv. nusquam. 

noble, I. adj. 1, by birth, nobllie, generosus, 
nobili or illustri loco natus ; 2, morally, in- 
genuus, magnanimus, praeclarus, honestus, liber- 
alis, elatus, excelsus. Adv. — born, nobili loco 
natus or ortus, ingenue, praeclare, honeste, 
liberaliter, elate. II. n. unus e nobilibus, or by 
homo nobilis or generosus ; in pi. the nobles, op- 
timatcs, nobiles. nobility, n. 1, by birth, nooi- 
litas, genus nobile, generosa stir2>s, -pis; — by 
lofty position, summo loco natum esse; 2, = the 
nobles ; see Nonus, II. ; 3, moral — , magnani- 
mitas, animus ingenuus, etc. ; sec Noble, 1. 2. 

nocturnal, adj. nodumus. 

nod, I. v.intr. nutate; to — in approbation, 
annuerc; to — , = to doze, nidare. II. u. 
7iutus, -us. 

noise, I. n. strepitus, -us ( = loud — ), fre- 
mitus, -its (= low, hollow — , of bees, horses, 
etc.), crepitus, -us (= clattering, clashing), 
sonitus, -us( = loud, clear bouikIs, e.g. of. a 
trumpet), stridor ( — the whizzing, e.g. of- a 
saw), fragor ( = the crackling, e.g. of a house 
that falls), murmur (= murmuring of water), 
turba(= confusion), tumultus,-us(= uproar with 
clamour ; then in general any — caused by n 
mob or by a single individual), convicium ; 
to make a — , strepere, strtpitum edirc, fremcre, 
concreparc, strepitum facirc alqd re, tumultuw. 
facere, tumultuarl ( = to shout, also in a camp, 
when the enemy is approaching), clamarc, dami- 
tare (= to cry with a loud voice) ; to inarch out 
with great — , magna stripltu. et tumultn castra, 
movere. II, v.tr. to — abroad ; see Publish.. 
noiseless, adj. quietus ( = quiet), tacitus \ — 
silent). Adv. quiete, tacitc, (cum) silcntio ( =. 
in silence), noiselessness, n. sU«ntium(e.g. 
of the night, noctis). noisy, adj. strepens, Sie- 
mens, lumultuosus ( = full of shout and up- 
roar, e.g. contia), fargutus. !Adv. cam strcpitu. 

noisome, adj. foedus, teter. 

nomades, n.pl. nomades (vo^aSc:), in pure 
Latin, vagae gentes. nomadic, adj. by the 
genit. nomddum, or by vagus. 

nomenclature, 11. index nonunion or nonun. 

nominal, adj. and adv. opp. to real, nomine, 
rerbo, per speciem, S))ccie. 

nominate, v.tr. nominare, diccre, facere, dc- 
signare, (con)salutare (= to greot as), creare ; see 
Appoint, nomination, n. nominatio, desig- 
nate, nominative, n. casus, -us, nominutivus 
or rectus, nominee, 11. use nominatus (e.g, 
the — of Caesar, a Caesare nominatus). 

non, in conip. (e.g. — residence, see Au- 
sence). nonentity, n. nihil; perfect eloquence 
is no — , est eerie alqd consummata eloquentia, 
nonsense, I. n. incptiae; to talk — , inept* 
dicire, aliena loqui. II. interj. nugas! gerrxel 
nonsensical, adj. see Foolish. 

DQne, adj. see No. 

nook, n. see Angle, Corner. 

noon, u. = midday, meridiej. 

noose, n. laqueus. 

nor, tionj. neque; see Neither. 



nor 



786 



not 



.normal, adj. see Regular. 

north, or northern, or northernly, I. 

adj. septentrional is (septan-}, aquilonaris ; — 
lights, lumen a septentrionibus oriens ; — wind, 
t Boreas, scptentriones venti. II. n. septentrio, 
or pi. sej'tentriones, faquilo, t Boreas, north- 
east, adj. inter scptentriones et orientcm spec- 
tans ; the — wind, Aquilo. north pole, n. 
t polus glacialis, gclidns, or simply t polus (Ov.) 
or axis (scptentrionalis). northwards, adv. 
septentrionem versus, north-west, adj. inter 
scptentriones et oaasum solis spectuns; — wind, 
Cawus (Cor-). 

nose, n. nasus, nares, -ium( = nostrils, hence 
the — , an organ for breathing and smelling ; also 
the sing., naris, if we speak of one nostril) ; to 
blow the — , nares or se emungcre ; to turn up 
the — , naribus contemptum or fastidium ostcn- 
dere ; to turn up the — at anyone (from con- 
tempt), alqm suspendire naso (Hor.). 

nosegay, n. fasciculus. 

nostrils, n. nares, -ium, f. 

nostrum, n. medkamcntum. 

not, adv. non, hand (the former in gen., the 
latter only in certain comb., chiefly before adv. 
and adj., to modify their meaning, e.g. — much, 
hand multum ; — far, haud longc) ; nullus, as 
frequently used by modern writers, in ancient 
writers not merely = non, but = — at all (e.g. 
Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed, etc., Cic.); 
minus (= less, notas strong as non), nihil (stronger 
than — , = by no means), neutiquum, haudqua- 
quam, nequaquam, minime (also stronger than 
— ), nc (expresses a request, wish, command, 
e.g. do — resist, if, etc., ne repugnatis, si, etc. ; 
dare — , nc audeto); fac ne, with subjunctive 
mood (sec Lest, etc.), or cave (ne) with subj. 
(= take care lest, etc.), or noli (with infin. = do 
— wish, all three only = an invitation, a request, 
etc., uttered in a modest manner, instead of ne; 
do — be tempted .to, ewe capias; do— believe 
it,"c«i'e credos); in double prohibitions, neve 
(neu) . ..neve (neu) ; after verbs of fearing, — 
= ut (e.g. vercor ut venial = I fear that he will — 
come). ' In questions, — is expressed by annon 
(= perhaps — ), when' an affirmative answer is 
expected (e.g. did 1 — say perhaps that it 
would happen so? annon dixi hoc futurumf) ; 
or nonne, if we put a question with a view 
to convince anyone that we are right (e.g. what, 
does — the dog resemble the wolf? quid, cants 
nonne lupo similis?) ; by nc (enclit.), esp. with 
verbs that express a perception, if we are not 
certain whether the person spoken to perceives 
the thing (e.g. do you — see that in Homer 
Nestor makes a boast of his virtues ? videsne ut 
apud Homerum saepissime Nestor de virtutibvs 
praedicet ?); by non, if we think that the 
person does — at all perceive the thing to which 
we wish to direct his attention (e.g. do you — 
see how great the danger is when, etc., non 
vides quanta periculo, etc.! Dv num, when a 
negative answer is expected ; — on any account, 
minime, minime gentium, fac or cave ne with 
subj., noli with infin. ; — by any means, nulla 
pacta, nullo modo (= in no wise), nihil ; — at all, 
neutiquam ; — so very (before an adj. or adv.), 
haud or non, ita (e.g. — so very far, haud (non) 
ita long<i); — sufficiently, — quite, non satis, 
parum (= too little) ; — even, ne . . . quidem 
(the word upon which the stress lies must be 
placed between ne and quidem; e.g. I do — even 
consider this profitable, ne utile quidem hoe 
*xe arbilror); — so, = — in this manner, non 
■'2, non sic: = less, m.inns (e.g. — to stray 
so far, minus late vafcri); but -^-. nop. vcrj, 
r'j.i veto, n'onavtem (the second in passing f o 



something else ; non autcm sometimes separated 
by a word which is put between, e.g. but I can — 
tell you, non possum autem dicere ; if "but — " 
is merely used to introduce an antithesis, non 
alone is used, e.g. I mean the father, but — 
the son, dico patrem, non jilium); — either, 
nee or neque (e.g. Epicurus says, we do — 
require understanding, nor words either, Epi- 
curus negat opus esse rations, neque displlta- 
Hone ; fortune does — give us virtue, and there- 
fore does — take it away either, virtutem for tuna 
-non dat, ideo wee detrahit) ; bnt also . . . — , ncc 
. . . quidem (the word'upon which the stress lies 
is placed between me and quidem, especially in 
opp. to somethiug else, e.g. but also Jugurtha 
did — remain quiet in the meantime, sed ncc 
Jugurtha quidem quietus interea) ; and — , et non 
(when the negative refers to one word only, as 
when the stress lies upon the negative), neque 
(to connect two sentences or two parts of the 
same sentence, e.g. via ceria et non longa = a 
safe road and one that is — very long, but via 
certa neque longa = a road both safe and short) ; 
and so — , and therefore — , ae non (to express 
an inference, e.g. there was nobody who would 
have taken him to be accused of a crime, and 
who would — therefore think that he had been 
condemned over and over again, nemo erat qui 
ilium reum, ac non millies condemnatum arbitra- 
retur); and — rather, ac non potius, or simply 
ae non; and — less, atque eiiam, itemque (= and 
so also, likewisealso) ; to say — , by negare; my 
friend said that he would — do it, mens amicus 
negabat se hoc faclurum esse; in connexion with 
an adj., — is often rendered in Latin by one 
word, containing — and the adj., e.g. — prudent, 
omens (= silly), demens (— foolish) ; — pleasant, 
injucundus, ingratus. 

notable, adj. see Remarkable. 

notary, u. scribd (publicus). 

notation, n. inscriptio alcjs rei (upon) ; = 
the act of noting down, (pe}')scriptio, subscrip- 
/i'o(=.the writing down of one's name, nominis). 
note, I. n. 1, in music, soni or coeis signwn ; to 
play or sing from — s, ex libello caiiere (not from 
memory); 2, = letter, epistuht (ejdstola), lit- 
(l)crae. II. v.tr. 1, by scriberc, exarare (= to — 
down, in letters of Cic.); 2, see Notice, notes, 
n. pi., dictata, -orum (= dictations of a professor 
written down by the student), note-book, 
n. adversaria, commentarii (Plin. Mill.), pugil- 
lares (Plin.); see Journal, noted, adj. see 
Famous, noteworthy, notable, adj. sec 
Remarkable, notice, I. n. obser ratio, ani- 
madversio, notalio, comb, notutio et animadver- 
sio; to take — , animadvert ere ; to give — , 
see Proclaim, Dismiss. II. v.tr. animad- 
verterc; see Remark, noticeable, adj. see 
Remarkable, notify, v.tr. aUpn alcjs rei 
cerliorcm faccre, alqd (de)nuntiare ; see Inform. 
notification, n. promulgatio (of laws), de- 
nu nt in tio (in gen.), note ef-hand, n. chiro- 
graphum. 

notch, I. n. see Indent, Incision. II. 
v.tr. striate (in architecture), incidcre (= to 
make incisions, e.g. in a tree). 

nothing, n. nihil (nil), nihilum, nulla res; 
since nihil must be considered as a noun, it is 
.used with adjectives or with a gen. (e.g. — of 
the kind, nihil tale; to think — mean, nihil 
humile cagitare ; he has done — new, nihil novi 
fecit ; to anticipate — good, nihil boni divinare) ; 
to rise from — , ex nihilo oriri ; out of — cornea 
— , de nihilo nihilf.t, de nihilo nihil creo.ri poteit ; 
to be as good as — , pro nihilo esse; with com- 
paratives, nihilo, e.g. — greater, nihilo majys; 
— lets, nihil minus, n>hit virp minus; —but, 
nihil ;■*• (but not nih'il qu&m) ; — else but, 



not 



787 



nym 



nihil all ud nisi, nihil aliud gueH»(the latter it' 
in the words preceding, lam, so mucli, is to be 
understood); and — , ?iec quidquam ; I have — 
to fear, nihil est quod timeam; I have — to say 
in reply, nihil est quod rcspondcam ; to care — 
for, alqd nonjlocci or parvi facere, or pro nihilo 
ducire; good for — , inutilU ( = useless); nequam 
(of a good-for fellow). 

notice, n., notify, v. far., see under No- 
tation. 

notion, n. see Conception, Idea. 

notorious, adj. 1, = well known, notus, 
manifestus, clarus, tritus, celebratus, comb, trims 
ac celeb ralus(— commonplace); 2, inabad sense, 
insignis or lnjb.mis alqd re, or by superl. (e.g. a 
— evil-doer, homo sceleratissimus). Adv. mani- 
festuvi est, with ace. and infiu. notoriety, 
n.'Jama (in gen.), injamia (in bad sense). 

notwithstanding, adv. nihilominus (or in 
two words, nihilo minus), tamen, attamen, vcrum- 
tamen, often not expressed after etsi, etc. = 
although. 

nought, n. see Nothing. 

noun, u. nomen (Gram.) ; see Substantive. 

nourish, v.tr. nutrirervatory, n. sj>evulu astronomiexi. 
observer, u. custos, -odis, m. and f. (= guard, 
keeper), animadcersor(= who gives heed to, e.g. 
vitiorum, Cic), spectator(= a looker-on), specula- 
tor^ who spies out ; fern, spcculatrix) ; an — of 
nature, speculator venatorque naturae ; — of the 
sky and stars, spectator caeli sider unique; an 
acute — , homo acirtns, sagax (of quick percep- 
tion) ; a conscientious — of all his duties, om u in »i 
officiorum observantissimus. 

obsolete, adj. obsoieins(lit. = worn out, cant 
off', e.g. restis; llg. verba), ab usu quotidiani ser- 
mon is jam diu intermissvs (== long since out of 
use in ordinary language), ab ultimis et jam bb- 
literatis temporibus repefitus (= far-fetched from 
bygone times ; both of words). 

Obstacle, n. impedimentum. 

obstinate, adj. pertinax (of persons, and 
things which continue unabated, e.g. an illness), 
pervicav (= resolute), obstinatus, ofirmutus (= 
steadfastly persevering, the latter in a bad 
sense) ; an — illness, morbus longinqnus (= 
long) ; to observe an — silence, obstinatum silen- 
tivm obtinerc. Adv. perthuiciter, pervicaciter, 
obstinate, obstinato animo, offirmatd voluntate. 
obstinacy, n. pertinacia, pervicacia, obsti- 
uatio, animus obstinatus, voluntas offirmatior. 

obstreperous, adj. tumultuosus. 

obstruct, v.tr. 1, = to block up, obstruere, 
obstare, officcre (with dat.), obsaepire (pbsep-), in- 
tersaepire ; to — the light, obstruere or oJKcere 
luminibus alcjs ; 2, = to retard (e.g. progress), 
sec Hinder, OrrosE. obstruction, n. im- 
pedimentum; see Stoppage, Hindrance, ob- 
structive, adj. quod iinpedimento est, quod 
impedit, quod obstat et impedit. 

obtain, I. v.tr. compotem fieri alcjs rei, 
potiri alqd re (= to get possession of), adiplsci 
(— to — what one desires), alqd assequi, conseqiii 
(by an effort), nancisci (by chance or through an 
opportune circumstance), impctrare (= to get 
what was requested), obtinere ( = to — and keep 
what we claimed), auferre (as the fruit of exer- 
tion), acquircre (in addition to what ono has), 
exprimcre (= to extort, e.g. money, nuinmnlos 
ab (dqo) ; to — by entreaties, exorare (anything 
from anyone, alqd ab alqo) ; to — the highest 
power, rerum potiri. II. v.intr., see Prevail 
obtaining, n. adeptio, impetratio (of what we 
requested). 

obtrude, v.tr. see Intrude. 

obtuse, adj. hebes (dull ; lit. of a sword, 
angle, fig. of persons, mental qualities, the 
senses, etc., e.g. homo, ingenium), obtusus, 
returns (lit. — blunted, of a sword, angles, etc. ; 
then llg. of things, e.g. ingenium; all three lit. 
and tig., opp. ucutus), comb, obtusus et hebes (e.g. 
scythe, /(Ua). obtuseness, n. see Dulnkss, 
Stupidity. 

obverse, n. (of a coin, opp. reverse), num- 
mus uversus. 

obviate, v.tr. alci rei occurrirt or obviam 
ire (= to prevent), praecavbre alqd (= to pre- 
vent by precaution) ; see Hinder. 

obvious, adj. apertus, mani/cstus, clams, 
perspicuvs; see Clear, Evident. Adv. aperte, 
manifeste, dare, perspicue. 

occasion, I. n. 1, sec Time, Opportunity ; 
2, = incidental cause, occasio, caus(s)a, auctor 
(= author, of persons) ; to give an — for, ansam 



occ 



■90 



offi 



tfore or praebere alcjs rei or with ad ulqd facien- 
dum (= to afford a handle for), occasionem dare or 
praebere alcjs rei (e.g. suiopprimendi, of suppress- 
ing him), locum dare or facere alci rei (= to 
give room for) ; on every — , quolie(n)scumqlie 
(■cunque) potestas data est. II. v.tr. auctorem 
esse alcjs rei (— to be the author of, e.g. a war, 
belli ; anyone's return, alcjs reditus), c.reare (== 
to create, e.g. an error, errorem ; war, bellum), 
movSre (=to excite, e.g. laughter, risum ; war, 
bellum), caus(s)am alcjs rei inferre (= to give the 
tlrstcause, e.g. for a quarrel, jurgii) ; see Causk. 
occasional, adj. render by occasione data or 
oblatd, si occasio fait or Merit, or by per occasio- 
nem ; see Accidental, Casual. Adv. rnro 
(= seldom), evbinde, aliquando (c now and 
then). 

Occident, n. see West. 

occiput, n. occipitium (Plin., opp. sinciput), 

aversa pars capitis. 

occult, adj. occultus ; see Abstruse, Ob- 
scure. 

occupy, v.tr. 1, = to hold or possess, 
habere, tencre, in manibus habere, possidere ; 2, 
= to take, capere, occiipare, expugnare (urbcm), 
l/otiri re ,' to be quite occupied with anything, 
studio alcjs tei teneri or trahi, studio or amore 
alcjs rei capium esse, occupapcy, n. jws- 
sessio. occupation, n. 1, (of a place) occu- 
patio, expugnatio (= storming) ; 2, (in busi- 
ness) negolium; see Business, Occupier, Pos- 
sessor. 

occur, v.intr. 1, = to come into one's mind, 
render by in vientem mild alqd venit, mihi in 
opinionem alqd venit (as a conjecture), suhit ani- 
vntm cogitatio, in vientem <>r in cogitationem mihi 
incidit alqd (= the thought comes into my 
inind), mihi or animo or in vientem occurrit 
alqd, mihi succurrit (= it just strikes me), subit 
recordatio, recordor or rcminiscor alcjs rei; 2, 
of passages in books, reperiri (=to be round), 
IfQi ; 3, = to happen, fieri (=: to become), 
accidere, evenire (= to happen), occurrence, 
n. casus, -ns, res gesta (= thing that has hap- 
pened ; in context, also res), eveutnm (= event). 

ocean, n. oceanus. 

ochre, n. ochra (Plin.). 

octagon, n. octogdnos (octag-). octagonal, 
adj. octagonos, -on. 

octave, n. (in music) 1, = an interval of 
an eighth, diapason ; 2, = the eight notes, 
O'.to vi:es or soni. 

octennial, adj. octo annorum. 

October, n. (nensis) October. 

octogenarian, n. octnginta annorum (in 
gen.), octoginta annos natus (= 80 years old). 

ocular, adj. by oculus (e.g. to give — evi- 
dence of, alci ulqd ante oculns proponere) ; 
see Visible, oculist, n. medians qui oculis 
medetur. 

odd, adj. 1, = uneven, impar (e.g. number); 

2, = rejnaining, left over ; — moments, 
tempora subsieiva (subsec-) ; see Surplus ; 

3, see Singular, Strange, Extraordi- 
nary. < ddity, n. 1, = Oddnkss ; 2, = queer 
fellow, homo mirubiliter moratus. oddness, 
n. see Singularity, etc. odds, n. see Advan- 
tage, Superiority. 

ode, n. ode or oda (late), carmen; see Song, 
Poem. 

odious, adj. odiosus (= hateful), invisus (= 
detested), invidiosus (= exciting envy and dis- 
like), offensus (of what has given offence and is 
therefore hated) ; to be — , odium or invidiam 
hrtrfre (of things) ; not to be — -, odii or invidiae 



nihil habere (of persons and things) ; to be — to 
anyone, alci esse odiosum or invisum or offensum, 
alci esse odio or in odio, apud alqm esse in odio, 
alci esse invidiae. Adv. ottiose, invidiose. 
odiousness, n. odium, or render by Odious. 
Odium, n. invidia. 

odour, n. — smell, odor ; see Smell, odor- 
iferous, odorous, adj. t suaveolens, lodorvs, 
odoratus {= sweet-smelling ; poet.). 

Odyssey, n. Odysse'a. 

of, prep., by the genitive ; after a verb or an 
adjective by the case or preposition tho Latin 
word requires ; after partitive words, including 
comparatives and superlatives, by the genlt. or 
a prep, according to the rules of syntax ; by an 
adjective (e.g. a basin — marble, lubrum marmo- 
reum) ; this preposition is sometimes used for 
others (e.g. a temple constructed — (out of) 
marble, aedes ex marmore exstructa ; I have 
heard nothing — (about) that affair, ed de re 
nihil audivij. 

off, adv. = away from, out of, ab, de, ex; to 
go — , decedcre ; to go — secretly, subterfugerc ; 
to bring — , auferre ; to slip — , elabi; to get — , 
evadere ; to bear, carry — , auferre ; to be well — , 
dtvitcm or locuphtem esse, alqd re abundare ; to 
lie — (of geographical position), udjaccre alci 
loco ; far — , longe or procnl ; to be far — , longe 
abesse. 

offal, n. of meat, perhaps caro ad vescendum 
non apta. 

offend, v.tr. offendere (= to put a stumbling- 
block in a person's way), laedere (=to wound 
the feelings), violare (= to outrage), jningere 

(= to sting), viordere (= to bite); without 

in:,' you, jiace luA dixerim; to be — cd, ae.gre or 
molcstc fei re ; to have in it something which — s, 
habere alqd offensionis. offence, n. 1, = anger, 
etc., offensio, ira ; to take — , irasci; to give — , 
laedere; see Anger; 2, = a fault, peccatum, </<- 
lictnm, cul}vi ; sec Fault, offender, n. revs 
(— accused person) ; sec Culprit, offensive, 
adj. 1, quod offensionem alci affert, odiosus (= 
hateful), pntidus (= — to good manners); that 
is more — to me, id aegrius potior; sec Loath- 
some, Odious ; 2, of war, helium alone, except 
where opposition to defensive is strongly ex- 
pressed, then by verb (e.g. bellum orcebant magis 
qnam inferebant — U\ey waged a defensive rather 
than an — war). Adv. pntide, or by adj. offen- 
siveness, n. by adj. 

offer, I. v.tr. offerre, proJUeri (= to propose 
voluntarily), polliceri(=U) promise ; all alci alqd), 
porrigire (=: to — with the hand held out, e.g. a 
small coin, assem), praebere (= to hold out, e.g. 
mannm, os; then fig. = to proffer), praestare ( = 
to afford, e.g. fowls — a lighter kind of food, airs 
leviorcm eibum praestant) , darc(— togive) ; to — 
violence to, vim alci offcrre ; to — one's services 
to anyone, alci operam suam offcrre ; to — one's 
services in, at anything, ad rem or in alqd re 
operam suam projiteri; to — one's goodwill, 
slutlinm profiteri; to — anything to a person of 
one's own free will, alqd alci ultro offcrre otpol- 
liceri ; to — battle to the enemy, host cm ad pug- 
nam provocare ; to — hospitality to anyone, ohpn 
invitare hospitio or in hospitivm; to — up, 
ufferre (= to bring as a contribution), offerre. II. 
v.intr. = to present itself, offerri, dari (of 
things, e.g. of an opportunity), ob(f)ici (acci- 
dentally), suppctere (— to be in store, at hand). 
III. n. coadicio (also = an — of marriage) ; to 
m.-.ke an — to anyone, condicionem alci fare, 
deferre or offcrre or proponere. offering, n. 
see Sacrifice. 

office, n. 1, mnnns, -eris, n. (= function), offi- 
cittm (— what one has to do), parte, -imn (= par- 
ticular sphere), provincia (duty imposed upon 



offi 



791 



0110 



one), sors, -tU, f. (= duty allotted to one), locus 
{= appointment), magistratus, -us (= magis- 
terial — , opp. imperium, a military command 
during war), honos (honor) ; that is my — , hoc 
meant est;. 2, = a kindness, benejicium, officium; 
see Kindness, Dutv; 3, = place of business, 
domus, -fi.s (irreg.) ; at anyone's — , apud ulqin. 
officer, 1, ». = military — , praefectus militum 
or militaris, praepositus militibus, or by some 
special term (e.g. ccnturio, tribunus) ; naval — , 
pmefectus classis or mvii ; 2, = civil — , rendered 
by magistratus, -us; for particular — s, see their 
titles.' official, I. adj. == pertaining to a 
public office, e.g. — report, lit{t)crne publicac ; 
to make an — report, referrt de alqa re, deferre 
tie alqd re. II. u. = olllcer, render by Office, 
or a special title. Adv. publice, mtblicd auctori- 
talc, 'officiate, v.intr. render by Office, e.g. 
to — instead of another, ulcjs officio fungi; 
see Office, officious, adj. molestns, alcjs sin- 
diosus (= desirous of servingone). Adv. molcste. 
officiousness, n. studium (towards one, ergu 
or In alqm). 

offing, n. (inure) altum. 

offscourings, n. pvrgamenta, -orum (lit. 
and lig.). 

offspring, n. progenies, stirps, liberi (= chil- 
dren). 

oft, often, adv. sacpe, saepenumero (= often- 
times), crebro (= repeatedly), multum (—many 
times) ; to be — with a person, multum esse cum 
alqo; I do a thing — , soleo alqd fctcerc ; also by the 
adjs. creber and frcqucns ; see Frequent (e.g. he 
was — in Rome, emt l'omae frcquens); in many 
cases the idea of — is expressed by frequentative 
verbs (e.g. to read — , kctitare; to visit — , 
frequentare) ; more — , saepius, crebrius ; very 
— , sacpissime, 2>crsaepe, creberrime, frequcntis- 
sime. 

ogle, v.tr. oadis limis intueri or a(d)spicere 
(= to look sideways). 

ogre, n. ■umbra quaedam teterrima. 

oil, I. n. oleum (in gen., but lit. = olive — ), 
olivum (= olive — ); belonging to olive — , 
olearius; to paint with — colours, pigmentum 
oleutum iaducere aid rei. II. v.tr. oleo ungire, 
oleo perfiuulirr. (all over), oilman, n. (merca- 
tor) olearius (Plin.). oilpainter, n. pictor 
qui pigmentis oleatis utitur. oil-painting, n. 
pictura pigmentis oleatis facta, oily, adj. olearius 
(=of oil), oleaccus (=like oil ;.Plin.), oleosus (= 
full of oil; Plin.). 

ointment, n". unguentim, nardus (of nard 
oil) ; — for the eyes, collyrium. 

old, adj. = that which has long been, vetus, 
vetuslm, invcteratus, antiquus (= ancient), pris- 
ons (= primitive), pristimis (— at the first), ob- 
soM«s(=gone out of use); in comparative, — er 
(that which was before another thing), prior, 
superior (e.g. Dionysius the elder, Dionysius 
superior) ; an — soldier, veteranus miles ; nn — 
evil, malum invctcratum ; an — custom, vios a 
patribus acceptus ; as applied to men, in the 
sense of having lived long, grandis, comp. 
grand lor (with or without natu), aetate gravis 
i— weighed down with years), j grandaevus, vetu- 
lus (contemptuous term) ; an — man, senez; an 
— woman, corns, auicula, vctula ; to be of a cer- 
tain age, natum esse (with the time in the accus.) ; 
oeto (vinos natus est, — ho is eight years old, or 
octo aunnrum est; see Elders, Ancient, old 
age, n. senectus, -utis. old-fashioned, adj. 
obsoletus (= out of fashion), antiquus, priscus (— 
old), olden, adj. priscus; see Old. older, 
comp. major (with or without natu) ; the oldest 
(or eldest), maxim us natu. 

olfactory, adj. quoded odorem pertinet. 



oligarchy, n. paucorum potentia or potestas\ 
or administrate or dominalio, respublica quae 
paucorum potestale regilur (as a state), oligar- 
chical, adj. e.g. to become — , in paucorum jus 
ac dicionem cedere. 

olive, I. n. oliva, olea; — -tree, olea, 
oliva ; the wild — -tree, oleustris ; — grove, 
oliii'tum ; — season, harvest, oleitas, olhitus. 
II. adj. oleaginius. 

Olympiad, n, Olymvias, • ia'dis, f. Olym- 
pic, adj. Olympicus; the — games, 01ympia x 
■orum. 

omelet, n. laganunt. 

omen, n. omen (in gen. — a prognostic token), 
osteal urn (=a portentous prodigy), auspicium, 
avgurium (— augury), portentum, monstrum, pro- 
digium (= prodigy), ominous, adj. ominosus. 
Adv. ominose. 

omit, v.tr. 1, = to neglect, mittcre or omit, 
tare alqd, or with inlln. ; sec Neclect; 2, = to 
le&voQ\it,cmiiUen,praetermiUert,praeterire,traH8~ 
ire (—to pass over), interinittere (for a time). 
omission, n. = neglect, intermissio (for a 
time, e g. of a duty, officii) ; = leaving out, prae- 
termissio. 

omnipotent, adj. sec Almighty, omni- 
present, adj. ubiquc praesens, omnipres- 
ence, U. to feel God's — , Dei numeu et spiritual, 
ubiquc diffiusum sentire. omniscient, adj. 
cujus not it iam nulla res effugit, qui omnia videl 
el audit (= who sees and hears all things), omnia 
provident et aninwdvertens (=wb0 foresees and 
perceives all things ; all three of God), om- 
niscience, n. by adj. 

on, I. prep, of place, in with ablat. (e.g. fn 
saxo, — the rock ; tn terrd, — the ground, e.g. 
fructus in terrd est); in scaend (seen-), — tin- 
stage ; in capite, — the head ; in eqno, — horse- 
back ; in limite, — the borders ; "on " is some- 
times rendered by ex (e.g. to hang — the tree, 
pendere ex urbore) ; as denoting time, — is ex- 
pressed by the ablat. without a preposition 
(e.g. — the fourth day, quarto die) ; = after, by 
ex (e.g. statim ex consulatu, — the expiration of 
his consulship), or by abl. abs. ; a, or ab often 
represents — (o.g. — tho side, a parte ; — the 
left hand, ab laeva; — the wing, a latere ; to be 
— anyone's side, stare ab alqo [= to take part with 
one]) ; bad — the part of — in disposition, ab 
ingenio improbus; =near, or in the direction 
of, ad, juxta (e.g. ad meridiem, — the south ; ad 
Tiberim, — the Tiber) ; to speak — or upon any- 
thing, dc alqd re loqui; — account of, propter, 
ob, per alqd, de, pro, prae alqd re; caus(s)d, 
gratia, ergo (alcjs rei, the two former also with 
pers. pron., e.g. mt& gratid, all placed after 
their case, ergo only ante class.) ; — account of 
fear, propter timorem (prae melu); so proptei* 
pecuniam ; projiter hereditatem contentio oritur, a. 
strife arises — the inheritance ; amicitia propter- 
se expetenda, friendship is to bo sought for — its 
own account ; — account of business I cannot, 
etc., pel' negotia mihi non licet; — certain 
reasons, writs de caus(s)is ; — account of the 
noise it can scarcely be heard, prae strepitu rix 
audiri potest. II. adv. or onwards, porro. 
onward ! lntcrj. perge, pergltc. 

one, adj. as a numeral, wins, -n, -urn ; a 
certain — , quidam ; sonic—, aliquis; some -~ 
of you, aliquis ex robis ; any — , quispiam (e.g. 
forsitan quispiam dl.xcrit, any — may perhaps 
say ; so dicet aliquis forte, some — will perchance 
say); each — , quisque. ; after si', nisi, ne, num, 
quando, ubi, aud generally in conditional pre- 
positions, even without a conjunction, use quis 
instead of aliquis or quispiam (e.g. ubi semel quis 
pejeravcrit, tiposteacrt&l non oportd =when once 



oni 



792 



Cpe 



any — lias sworn falsely, he ought not after- 
wards to be believed); in negative sentences, 
ami in Bach as contain a negative sense, " any 

— " is to be rendered as a noun by quisquam, 
and " any " alone ns adjective by ullvs (o.g. erf lie 
quisquam omnium mortatium tic quo melius txis- 
timet In ? is there any — of nil mortals of whom 
yon think better? so nil erf vlltt res tantif is 
there anything so important?); "as any — ." is 
rendered qiiaiu qui liltmiiie (e.g. tam sum amicus 
reijiitlilirae qvam qui maximc, = I am ns friendly 
to the state as any — ); no --,nr.mn; — —alter 
when there are only two objects (e.g. ulterojiede 
rhinitis, == lame in — foot) ; units ille, = that — 
(e.g. iiniuii illttd addam, = 1 will add only that 

— thing) ; into verbo, = in — word ; not even 
— , ne unus quidem, non nllvs, nemo unus (=.not 
a single person) ; not — of us, nemo de. nobis 
nnus ; not — of them, ii nulli ; — and another, 
unus et oiler, tutus altcrqite (= both together); 
some — , several, non nemo, unus et item alter ; 

— after the other, alius "post alium, alius ex alio ; 
singuli, = — by — ; — as much as the other, 
Uterque pariter, amho par iter; the — ... the 
other, alter . . . alter ; hie . . . ille ; jv.ior . . . 
posterior; alii . . . alii; alii . . . pars (or part- 
im) ; pars . . . alii ; quidam . . . alii ; — . . .the 
other, alter alterum (of two), alius alium (e.g. 
cite/' alterum or alius alium adjitvat, = the — 
assists the other); so inter se (e.g. timent inter 
se, = they fear — another); if "other" refer 
to a substantive, repeat the substantive (e.g. 
manvs ntanvm lavat, = — hand washes the 
other; so ciris ciri paret) ; at — time ... at 
another, alias . . . alias (e.g. alias beatus, alias 
miser); — and the snnie, vnus atqne idem, unus 
idemqne ; 1010 eodemque tempore, = at — and 
the same time ; it is — and the same, idem 
erf, jar est ; — ... and other, alivd . . . aliud; 
to be — niul the same, nihil differre, nihil in- 
Urease ; labour and pain are not -• and the same, 
interest ahjd inter luborem et valorem ; it is all — 
to lne, meO nihil interest ; — might have thought, 
crederes, pvtares ; — or the other, ultervter. 
once, adv. 1, as numeral, seinel ; — and for 
all, semel ; — more, iterum (= again, for the 
second time), denito, de noro (= anew, afresh); 
more than — , semel atqve. iterum, semel iter- 
utnre, semel et suepius, non semel (= not — , 
but often, e.g. jttti alqd); — or, at all events, 
not often, se?ne2, aut non saepe eerie ; not — , ?io/. 
Sfmel, ne semel quidem (= not even — ) ; at — , all 
at — , rej>ente, subilo (= suddenly, e.g. why has 
this been done all at — ? quid repents factum ?); 
statim, i/(l):ro simvl (= at. the same time, e.g. 
trium simiil bellorum victor, Liv.) ; all the people 
at — , omnes simvl (= at the snme time), {omnes) 
vniversi, cuncti (together) ; one at a time (or 
at — ), singuli; many at. — , nutlti simnl ; 2, of 
time, uliquando, and after ne or si simply quaiulo 
(— some time, past or future, which we are not 
able or willing to specify, e.g. did you — hear of 
him? uvm ex eo aniiivisti aliqttamlo f) ; quail- 
doque (= some time or other, e.g. he will — (i.e. 
some time) remember the kindness he received, 
quandoqve beneficii memor fittttrus est) ; quondam 
(= some time past, e.^. that virtue — existed in 
this republic, yu.it Ista quondam in hue republicd 
rirtus). dim (= at some remote time past, or 
future, opp. nunc, nujier ; hence in fables or 
narratives = — upon a time) ; — at last, tandem 
aliqvando; if — , si quando. one-oyed, adj. 
1/710 ocnlo captus, luscus. oneself, pron. ij-se. 
one-sided, adj. see Unequal, Uhkair, 

onion, n. caepa (caepe). 

only, I. adj. unus, solus, unions, solus, sin- 
gnlaris (also = distinguished) ; (he said that) 
he was the — parson, etc., who, imum se ex omni 
ciritate Aeduorum qui. lit adv. Wnm, tandvm 



(modo) ; not — . . . , but also, lion tantnm 
(solum) . . . , sed etiam. 

onset, onslaught, n. incursio; sec Attack, 
Assault. 

ontology, 11. * onlologia (t.t.), or by Circuni- 
loc. (e.g. scicntia illius quod jier sc c3(s)istit). 
ontologioal, adj. * ontologicus (technical). 

onward, adv. see On. 
onyx, 11. onyx (Plin.) 

OOZ0, v.intr. •manure, t (tle)stillarr, f sudarr, 
emanate (also lig.). oozy, adj. uliginosus. 
opal, n. opalns (Plin,). 

opaque, adj. hand pclincidus or trims- 

lueidns. 

open, I. adj. 1, = not closed, (cid)a}>ertu* 
(= not shut, not cloaked or covered, opp. clansus, 

involvtns),paten3(— standing — .wide— ; also-; 
extending far and wide), comb. t utens et aptrUts; 
(proypatvlits (= lying — , free of access), comb. 
apertus nc prapatulus ; Mans (= wide — , yawn- 
ing) ; an — door, fores apertae{= not shut), /ores 
jwttcntes (= wide — ) ; an — field, campus apertus 
or jxttens (with a distant view), loevs planus or 
simply campus (= a plain); in the — street, 
in ajvrto ac. projtatulo loco (— in an — , public 
place), in jiublico(= in the middle of the street, in 
public,); Hie — sea, mare apcrtum (poet, aperta 
occani = not surrounded by lauds), altum (=the 
high sea); — eyes, oeuli putentes ; — mouth, os 
Mans; to be, stand — , apertnm esse, patere (= 
wide—; fig. his ear is — to the complaints of 
all, patent aurcs ejus qverulis omnium); 2, = 
accessible, e.g. anything is — to me, patrt 
mihi alqd (e.g. a post of honour) ; 3, = mani- 
fest, apertus, mauijestus, clurns (e.(.'. to catch 
anyone in the — act, in manifesto facinore. 
ilcjirelirndire, In re manifest't tenere) ; see CLEAR ; 
4, = candid, apertns, simplex, candidvs ; see 
Candid. Adv. aperte, man ifesto, simjilicitcr, cau- 
dide, palam, propalam. II. v.tr. 1, aperire(= 
to uncover, unclose), palejaeire (= to lay — , both 
op]>. to operire), reserare (= to unbolt, opp. to ob- 
serare), rechulere (= to unlock, opp. to oeciudere ; 
all these of a door, gate, etc.), (cx)i>andcre 
(■=. to expand, — wide), erolvere, rcvolvcre (= to 
unroll, e.g. a book) ; to — a letter, lil(t)erus 
aperire, resigntxre, solvere; insecure, inculere (— 
to cut — ) ; to — one's hand, digitos porrigere 
(opp. digitos contrahere) ; to — one's eyes, lit. 
oculos pjierire ; tig. meliora alqm doccre, = to 
teach anyone better ; to — one's ears to flat- 
terers (tig.), aims patefacere assentatoribvs ; to 
— a vein, rciunn secure, inddcre ; to — the en- 
trance toanything, aditum ad alqd patefacere (lit. 
and tig.) ; to — a way by force of aims, i7er sibi 
aperire fern; to — one's heart to anyone, se or 
scnivs suos alci ajierire, se alci patefacere; 2, = 
to explain, etc., apem're, delegare, reteyere(e.g. con- 
jurat iouein),explieare,interpretari (='to expound); 
see Explain ; 3,med. t.t., to — the bowels, aim 111 
de(j)iccre, jiurgare ; 4, to — a church, etc., in- 
avgurarc, consecrare, dedicare; 5, = to begin, 
exordiri; see Begin. III. v.intr. se. ajierire, 
apcriri (in gen.), patefuri (of a gate), jaiuli, 
se panders (— to — wide, to unfold oneself; 
also of blossoms, Plin.), tliscedere (of heaven, 
of the earth, etc.), dehiscere (= to burst — , 
of the earth) ; to — again (of wounds), recru- 
desccre; to — out, putesccrc (e.g. campus) ; to — 
outside, aperturam habere in exteriorem partem. 
opening, n. 1, as an act, ajicrtio (jmtefactio 
only tig. = public announcement) ; the — of the 
hand, digilorum porrectio (opp. digitorum con- 
tract io) ; also rendered by verbs (e.g. at the — 
of the body, in aperiendo corjwre) ; 2, = aper- 
ture, aperturaQti architecture), foramen (in gen.), 
os, en's, 11. (= mouth of a river, etc.); to nnike 



ope 



793 



opt 



an — in anything, alqd aperire (in gen.), (tiqd 
pecforare (= to make a hole through); to have 
an — , paters (— to stand open), hiare (= to 
yawn); see Hole, Breach, Fissure ; 3, the 

— of a church, etc., consecratio, dedicutio ; 4, 
= opportunity, occasio, opporlunitas (— oppor- 
tunity); to see a good — in business, etc., 
il ii nest it in peth-e ; see Gain ; 5, = beginning, 
initiiim, exordium ; 6, ined. t.t. — of the bowels, 
purgatio (alvi). openness, n. tlmglictias (rare 
in clasjs. period), t candor, animus simplex or 
candidus. 

opera, n. drama (-atis, n.) musicum or meli- 
cum. 

operate, v.intr. 1, vim habere ad alqd or in 
alqd re ; see Act ; 2, in war, rem agcrc ; 3, in 
surgery, to — upon, render by secure alqm or alqd 
(= to cut a person or tiling), scalpellum admo- 
vert, adhiberc alci rei (= to apply the lancet to, 
e.g. a limb, Cels.). operation, n. 1, res 
agenda, res gcrenda or gesta(— an act either to be 
performed oralreadyperfonned),ncj^(i'i(»i (as an 
obligation undertaken); by the — of anyone, 
per with accus. (=by means of) or a(b) with 
ablat. (= by) ; see Process ; 2, in war, res bello 
gerendu, or in the context res gcrenda (when the 

— is not yet performed), res bello gesta, or in the 
context res gesta (when performed) ; plan of — s, 
omnis or totius belli ratio (in war) ; to draw up a 
plan of — s, rei agendas ordinem componerc, totius 
belli rationem describere ; 3, in surgery, see 
OrERATE. operative, I. adj. see Practical. 
II. n. see Workman - , Labourer. 

ophthalmia, ii. oculorum inflammatio(Ceh.), 
lippitudo. 

opiate, n. medieamentum somnificum (Plin.). 

opinion, n. opinio, sententia, existimatio, 
judicium (= decision), dogma, -atis, n., praecep- 
titm or decretum or placitum (of a philosopher, 
teacher, etc. ; see Maxim) ; a false — , opinio 
falsa, pravum judicium, error(= error) ; false — s, 
opiniones falsae, opiniomtm commenta(— dreams); 
a firmly-rooted but false — , opinio confirmata ; 
the general — , opinio vulgaris or vulgi, sententia 
vulgaris; the general — respecting anything, 
omnium opinio de alqd re ; public — , existimatio 
vulgi; according to the general — , ad vulgi 
opinionem, ex vulgi opinione ; in my — , med 
quidem opinione, (ex or de) med sententia, ut mihi 
quidem videtur, ut opinor, ut puto, quantum equi- 
dem judicare possum (— as far as I can judge) ; 
to have a correct — of anything, vere or recte 
judicare de alqd re ; to form an — of anything 
merely by guess, de alqd re conjecturd judicare ; 
to have a good — of anyone, bene de alqo existi- 
mare; to have a high — of a person or thing, 
magnam de alqo haliere opinionem, magna est alcjs 
de alqd re opinio ; to have a high (no mean) — - 
of oneself, multurn sibi tribnere, >e alqm esse 
jmtare, magnifies de se slat Hire ; to be of — , 
opinionem habere, opinari ; that is indeed my — , 
mihi vera sic placet, sic hoc mihi videtur ; to give 
one's — , senlentiam diccre, dare, scnteutiam ferre 
(by voting tablets), dico quod sentla, scnteutiam 
meam nperio, expono quae mihi videntur (=■ I say 
what I think of a thing) ; to ask anyone his — , 
quaerere quid alqs sentiat ; to speak in favour of 
anyone's — , in alcjs sententiam dicere; to turn 
a person from his — , alqm de sententia movere, 
deducire ; I bring someone over to my — , alqm 
in sententiam mcam adduco, alqm ad sententiam 
meam traduco ; to get an — into one's head, in 
sententiam venire, opinionated, adj. render 
by homo opinionibus inflatus. opine, v.tr. see 
Think, Imagine. 

opium, n. opium (opion, Plin.). 

opponent, n. adrcrsarius, in speeches of an 
Advocate iste ; see Antagonist. 



opportune, adj. opportunns (in gen.V com- 
modus (=. convenient), iJoneus (— suitable) ; tern- 
pestivus. Adv. opportune, commode, tcmpestiie. 
opportuneness, n. opportnnitas, commoditas 
(= advantage), opportunity, ii. npportunitas 
(in gen.), occasio (— unexpected — ; opp. exists 
before an action and leads to it, whereas ncc. pre- 
sents itself during an action and facilitates it ; 
occ. should therefore be used in speaking of the 
events of a war, etc.), casus, -its (= a casual — ), 
potestas, facultas, copia (all three = suitableness 
for carrying out anything), ansa (lit. = handle, 
fig. = occasion, in the connexion ansam prae- 
here or dare alcjs rei or ad alqd ; all these nouns 
are construed with gen. of the object); a good, 
favourable — , opj>ortunitas idonea, occasio com- 
moda el idonea, occasio bona et optata, temporis 
opportunittu, tempus opportunism, also simply 
occasio, opporlunitas, iempus; when the — serves, 
jxr occasionem, occasione datd or oblatd, si occasio 
fuerit or tulcrit ; at the first — , ut primum occasio 
or jiotcstas data est (erit), primo quoque tempore 
dato, vbi primum opportunum (Sail.) ; to seek an 
— , occasionem quaerere or circumspicire ; to find 
an — for anything, alcjs rei (faciendae) caus(s)am 
repcrire (= to find a cause, e.g. for making a war, 
belluudi) ; to seize an — , occasionem arrip&re ; 
to avail oneself of an — , opportunitate or tcai- 
sione nti ; to lose an — , occasioni deessc, occasio- 
nem amiltcre, praetermittere, dimittere. 

oppose, v.tr. alqd alci (rei) ob(j)icere (lit. 
and tig. = to oppose anything to anyone or any- 
thing), adversari alci, repugnare alci rei or contra 
alqd(— to fight against u thing), comb, adversari 
et repugnare, resistere (= to resist), obsisterc 
(= to place oneself against), obnitl (— to strive 
against with all ones might), obesse, obstare 
(— to stand in the way) ; (all the above with 
dat.) ; t obluctari, t reluctari ; I don't — it, per 
me licet, nihil impedio; to be — d to each other, 
repugnare inter sc (of two things that contradict 
each other), obtrectare inter se(o( two rivals in a 
state); to — in public disputation, adversario 
rcspondere. opposer, n. see Opponent. 
opposite, adj. 1, adversus, oppositus, objectus ; 
an island — to Alexandria, insula objecta Alex- 
andriae; — to, e regione (with gen. or dat., e.g. 
us, nobis) ; on, -to the — side of, trans, ultra, 
(see Bevond, Over) ; 2, see Adverse, Con- 
trary, opposition, n. 1, = the act of op- 
posing, oppositio, = differeuce, repugnantia, dis- 
crepuutia ; see Resistance; without — . nemine 
obloquente ; 2, = the body of opposers, vars 
adversa (in gen.), or /actio adversa or adver- 
saria (during a revolution) ; where possible use 
special terms (e.g. optimates, -(t)um, pi. = the 
Tory — ). 

oppress, v.tr. premire, opprimlre, vexare, 
afiligere. oppression, n. vexatio, injuria (— in- 
justice, e.g. of the authorities, magistrutuum) ; 
— in a state, dominatio crudelis ; see Tyrannv. 
oppressive, adj. molestus (= troublesome), 
magnus (= great), iniquus (= unjust), gravis(= 
heavy),— cold./riporwmris; tobeburdencdwith 
an — debt, acre aliens premi ; — government, 
<{omi>ta(i(s (-iis) crudelis. Adv. mole-ste, graviter, 
inique. oppressor, u. qui domination crudeltm 
exercet, tyrunnus ( = sole ruler, may at times 
serve). 

opprobrium, n. (op)probrium ; see la- 
nominy. opprobrious, adj. probrosus (= 
disgraceful); see Ignominious, 

optative, adj., the — mood, modus opUitivus 
(Grain,). 

optics, n. optice, -es, f. optical, a<lj. in 
gen. by oculus (e.g — deception, oculorum 
mendacium; — nerve, nervus oculorum). optl* 
clan, n. optices gnarus, 



opt 



794 



ord 



option, n. optio, (eligcndi) optio et potestas, 
potestas optioque (all = right of choice), arbitrium 
(= free-will) ; see Choice, optional, adj. , ren- 
der by olcjs rei eligev.dae optionem alci dare, alci 
permittcrc arbitrium alcjs rei, facere alci potesta- 
tem optionemque ut cligat, facere alci arbitrium 
in eligendo. 

opulent, adj. opulentus; see Rich, Wealthy. 
opulence, n. opulentia; see Riches, Wealth. 

or, conj. aut (excludes one or other of the 
(suppositions expressed, e.g. here, soldiers, we 
must conquer — die, hie vincendum aut marien- 
dum, militcs, est) ; vel (implies that it is indiffer- 
ent which of two or more than two things is 
chosen ; considered by themselves they may be 
of the same or a different kind. If several ideas 
are proposed, rei generally denotes a climax, = 
" — even," e.g. — shall I say even, vel dicam; 
■ — rather, velpotius; — even indeed, vel ctiam), 
re (enclit., generally separates single words, 
seldom sentences, and expresses that the nominal 
or real difference is not very great, e.g. merri- 
ment — laughter, hilaritas risusve ; hence with 
numerals it is = " — at most," e.g. four — live 
each, quaterni quinive), sive, scu (arising from 
vel and si, always with a verb expressed or 
understood ; implying that two or more expres- 
sions amount to the same, or that the speaker is 
undecided about them, and leaves the choice to 
others, e.g. the mother — the stepmother, mater 
seu iwverca ; be it accidental., — intentionally, 
sire casu sive consilio); in negative sentences the 
disjunctive particles are generally changed into 
ncque or neve (e.g. laziness — idle dreaming is 
out of place here, nihil loci est scgnitiac neque 
socordiae) ; — not, neve, new (after lit or ne and a 
verb); — at least, aut certe (or nut alone), rei 
certe ; — rather, — more correctly, re? ut rerius 
dicam, at que adeo (= nay even), or simply aut; 
either ... — , aut . . . aut, vel . . . vel, sive 
. . . sive (with the distinction slated above), 
e.g. they thought either to induce the Allobro- 
gians by persuasion, — to compel them by force, 
to allow, etc., Allobrogibus sese vel j^crsuasuros 
existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut palcrentur, etc. 
(i.e. it was indifferent to them which way they 
did it); the laws of the Cretans, whether given 
by Jupiter — Minos, educate youth by means of 
physical exercise, Cretum leges, qiais siveJuppiter 
sivcMinossanxii, laborious entaiunt juventvtem ; 
respecting " — " in double questions, see 

■\VriETHFI'.. 

oracle, n. oracidum (in gen.), sors oraculi 
or, in the context, simply sors (lit. = by dtion) ; — of ill- 
ness, morbo opprimi, afiiigi. 

outcast, n. exsul, eztorris, profugus. 

outcry, n. clamor, voci/eratio, voces; express- 
ing disapproval, acclamatio. 

outdo, v.tr. superare, vincere alqm. 

outer, adj. exterus (exterae nationes), extcrnvs 
(res externae, Cic. ; so externa, -orum, = outer 
things, opp. interiora) ; see Extkhioh, Exter- 
nal. 

outface, v.tr. impudent id vincere. 

outflank, v.tr. circumire, circumrmire. 

outgrow, v.tr. use circiunloc. (e.g. he out- 
gi'cw his clothes, illi vestitus grandior jam 02>us 
erat)- 

outhouse, n. pars aedibus adjeclu. 

outlandish, adj. peregrinus, barbarus. 

outlast, v.tr. dintius durare. 

outlaw, I. n. proscriptits, relegatus, ex(s)ul 
(= exile). II. v.tr. proscribiire, aqua it igni aid 
intrrdiccre. outlawry, n. proseriptio, aquae 
et ignis intcrdictio. 

outlay, n. sumptus, -iis; see Expense. 

outlet, n. exifus, -vs, egressits, -us (in gen.), 
effluvium (Plin., Tac. ; rare), emissarinm, os, 
oris, ostium, caput (of rivers). 

outline, I. n. Uneamcntum (e.g. tu operum 
Uneamenta perspicis, Cic) ; the — s of a face, 
lineamenta (e.g. similitudo oris vnlti'tsque vt 
Uneamenta, Liv. ; compare animi lineamenta 
sunt pvlchriara quam eor]K>ris) ; adumbratio 
(= sketch). 11. v.tr. describe re, adttmbrareQ.it. 
and tig.); see Sketch. 

outlive, v.tr. alci svpercsse. 

outlook, n. 1, to have an — of a place, ad, 
in or inter tdqd spectare ; 2, to be on t lie — , 
omnia circumspecto.rc ; 3, fig. spes (e.g. bona = 
good — , ?iK?/o = poor — ). 

outlying, adj. lovginqvus (= far removed) ; 
— districts, rcgiones quae circa alqm locum, 
sunt. 

outnumber, v.tr. numero (numr.ris) or com- 
putationc superare, mnltitudine snperare. 

outpost, n. statio (of troops), propugnacu- 
lum (scil. navittm; propugnamlum oppositum 
barbaris; propugnacula imperii). 

outrage, I. n. injuria, contumelia (= af- 
front). II. v.tr. alci afferre injuriam, alqm inju- 
ria afficcre, probris conficire. outrageous, adj. 
immanis, contumeliosns, immodcratus, indignus; 
see Monstrous. Adv. indigne, immoderate. 

outride, v.tr. equitando alqm superare. out 
riders, D. qui alci equitando praeeunt or 0(9771 
equitando dedncunt. 

outright, adv. penitns, prorsus, omnino. 

outrun, v.tr. 0/7771, cursu superare or vincere. 

outsail, v.tr. navigando superare alqm. 

outset, n. initium ; see Beginning. 

outside, I. adj. exterwus; as a noun, the 
— , externa, -orum, superjicics (= the surface; 
e.g. Bowie, trstudyiium, corporvm), forme, speeies 



out 



797 



ove 



(=sho\v ; lit. and fig.). II. adv. extra, cxt-rinsecus, 
/oris (with verbs of rest ; /orris, with verbs of 
motion) ; on the — , extrinstmis. 

outskirts, n. see Suuurh. 
outspoken, adj. see Frank. 
outspread, adj. vastus; with — sails, piassis 
or pleuis velis ; with — hands (in entreaty), 

supplicibus manibus. 

outstanding, adj. of debt, by aes alienum; 
see Debt. 

■ outstrip, v.tr. 1, alqm cursu superare or 
vincere, alqm | praevertlre ; 2, tig. see Excel. 

outtalk, v.tr. multiloquio vincire alqm. 

outvote, v.tr. alqm suffragtis vincere. 

outwalk, v.tr. ambulundo alqm praerertere. 

outward, I. adi. e-Uerus, externus ; an — 
show, species. II. adv. extra, extrinsccus ; a ship 
— bound, navis ad extents nationes destinala ; see 
Outside, II. 

outweigh, v.tr. graviorem esse alqd re (lit.) ; 
vincere (lig. of opinions) ; Cato alone — s in 
my opinion hundreds of thousands, . tt»M Cato 
inihi pro centum millions est ; praepondrrare (lit. 
and fig. ; rare). 

outwit, v.tr. circumcenire (= to deceive); 
see Deceive. 

outworks, n. munimcnUi (exteriora). 

oval, I. adj. ovatus (= like an egg, Plin.). 
II. n. figura ovaia. 

ovation, n. ovatio (= a Roman lesser tri- 
umph); fig. to receive an — , magnis clamor- 
ibus excipi. 

oven, 11. furnus (for baking), clibaiius ( = 
small portable — ). 

over, I. adv. super, supra ; to be — (= 
remaining), mvensse, rel(l)iquum (relic-) esse; 
= to be done with, actum esse de (tlqo or alqd 
re; when the battle was — , confecto proelio ; — 
and — again, etiam atque etiam ; — much , practer 
modum ; often oxpressed in eomp., — timid, 
tiviidior ; a little — or under, hand viulto plus 
ininvsve. II. prep, super, supra with accus. 
{super also with ablat. , but chiefly poet.), trans 
(= across) with accus., amplius (with numerals ; 
e.g. — a hundred, amplius centum) ; inter ceiuim 
(coen-);, — dinner ; per with accus. (— through, 
of place) ; to make a bridge — a river, ponlem in 
fiumineJacSre. 

overawe, v.tr. alqm metn complere, terrere, 
toercere, comprimere. 

overbalance, v.tr. pracponderarc ; see 
Outweigh. 

overbear, v.tr. alqm vincere, superare, com- 
primere, coercere. ■ overbearing, adj. arro- 
gans, insolens, superbus. 

overbid, v.tr. vluris licitari. 
overboard, adj. to throw anything — , alcjs 
ret jacturam facire ; to fall — , in mare excidere. 

overboiled, adj. (or part.) vii i/i is coctus. 
overbold, adj. temerarins, avdux. 

overburdened, adj. praegravatits, nimio 
onere oppressus. 

overcast, adj. t (ob)nubilus (of the sky). 

overcharge, v.tr. 1, =to put too high a 
price, 7iimio venaere ; 2, = to load too heavily, 
nimio pondere onerare ; to — the stomach, u 
vino ciboque onerare, 

overcoat, n. amiculum; see Cloak. 

overcome, v.tr. (de)vlncire, superare, pro- 
fllgare ; not to bo — , inexpvgnabitia (both of 
place and persons), inniiperahilte, invictus. 

overdo, v.tr. nimio hibvrc ec/atigarc(=yo\ii- 



self) ; to — :i thing, nimium Uiborem in rem con- 
ferre, modum excedere in alqd re; = to overcook, 
nimis coquire. 

overdraw, v.tr. 1, see Exaggerate ; 2, to 

— an account, aes alienum contrahire or con- 
flare (— to incur debt). 

overdress, v.tr. 7if»ifs splendide se ornare. 

overdrink, v.lntr. vino se obrulre. 

overdrive, v.tr. (de)fatigare, 

overdue, adj. pecunta quam alqs jam solicit 
debuit. 

overeat.y. reflex .Muari(= to be gluttonous). 

overfill, v.tr. supra modum impUre. 

overflow, I. n. inundatio fluminis, (col)- 
luvio ; the river produces on — , flumen extra 
ripas dijftuit, flumen alveum excedit. II. v.tr 
inundare; the Tiber — ed the fields, Tiber i* 
ayros inundavit. III. v.lntr. 1, tffundi, t iuun- 
dure ; the fountain — s, Jons exundal ; 2, fig. 
alqd re abundare, suppeditare, redundare. 

overgrow, v.intr. 1, see Outorow ; 2, to 
be — n with foliage, frondibus contextnm, obsitum 
esse. 

overhang, v.intr. imminlre, impend?re. 

overhasty, adj. praeproperue. Adv. prae- 
propers. 

overhaul, v.tr. see Examine, Inspect. 

overhead, adv. supra, desu)nT, insujKr ; see 
Over, I. 

overhear, v.tr. excipere, subamcuUare. 

overheat, v.tr. alqd nimis cal(e) facire; to 

— oneself, by sudare (= to perspire). 
overjoyed, adj. laetitid affectus or ex(s)ultuns. 
overland, adj. tend (opp. muri). 
overlap, v.tr. alei rei imminlre or impendhe, 

(= to overhang). 

overlay, v.tr. 1, = to smother, inculiandoo^ 
primire or suflocare ; 2, = to spread over, alqil 
alci rei inducers, \illinlre; to — with gold, in- 
aurare. 

overload, v.tr. nimU or nimium onerare, 
onus nimis grave alci (rei) imponire. over- 
loaded, adj. nimis oneratus, pondere nimis grari 
oppressus ; to be — with business, negolils ohrn- 
tum esse ; seo Overcharge. 

overlong, adj. praelongus. 

overlook, v.tr. 1, = to oversee, sercare, obser- 
vare(- to watch), custodire(= to guard), praeesxe 
alci or alci rei (= to superintend), inquirire in 
alqd, semtari, inspicere alqd (= to examine 
thoroughly) ; 2, = to command a view of, alci rei 
immincre, alqd prospicire (e.g. ex superior Unix 
locis prospiccre in urbem) ; 3, = to pardon, alci 
rei or alcjs alci rei veniam dare or coiulonarc, 
alci rei or alci alqd ignoscire, co(n)nivcre iii abjd 
re(= to shut one's eyes, wink at); see Indul- 
gence, Pardon ; 4, = to pass by inadvertently, 
pructerire, omittcre, praetcrmittere (= to leave 
unnoticed ; also of a fault, to let it pass unpun- 
ished), overlooker, n. custos, -Cdix, in. and 
f., curator, praeses, -idis, m. and f., praefectus, ex- 
actor (=one who sees that things are done care- 
fully), magister, rector ( = Instructor), curator 
viarum (= surveyor of the public roads), aedilis 
(In Rome, = superintendent of the public build- 
ings and police). 

overmuch, I. adj. nimius. II. adv. nimis, 
nimium. 

overnight, adv.ve*j>en (■> in the evening). 

overpay, v.tr. plut quam debttur solvire. 

overpeopled, adj. use circumloc. (e.g. 
Uinta erat multitudo homlnum truantae vutut 
non supptditabat). 



OV0 



798 



pae 



overplus, ii. see Surplus. 

overpewer ( v.tr. opprimere, frangcre, prd- 
flUjaiT; viftcef«) dtbellarc. overpowering, 
adj. see Overwhelming. 

overprize, v.tn pluris quam par est aesti- 
viare. 

overrate, v.tr. nimium aid rei tribucre; to 
— oneself, immodicnm sui esse aestimatorem. 

overreach, v.tr, circumvenire, circumscri- 
Wre, frande cnricre alqm ; see Cheat. 

overripe, adj. qui jam maturitatcm etcessit. 

overrule, v.tr. = to bear down, (de)vinccre. 
overruling Providence, n. Providentia ovi- 
nia administrans or gubernans. 

overrun, v.tn 1, = to outrun, cursu prae- 
terire; 2, = to swarm over, (per)vagari ; 3, to 
be — with (of plants), alqd re obsitum esse. 

overscrupulous, adj. use coinpar., dili- 
gentior, etc.; sec Scrupulous. 

oversee, v.tr. [prdjciirare. overseer, n. 
custos, (procurator ; — of the highways, curator 
viarum. 

overshadow, v.tr. 1, t obumbrare, \ inum- 
brare alqd ; 2, fig. alci rei officere. 

overshoes, n. tcgnmenta calceomm. 

overshoot, v.tr. jactu, or sagittd scopum 
transgredi ; to — oneself, consilio labi. 

oversight, n. error, erratum, incuria; — 
of a business, curatio, procuralio, cum. 

oversleep, v.intr. dintins dormirc. 

overspread, v.tr. 1, obducere, inducere ; 
see Overlay ; 2, see Overrun, 2. 

overstrain, v.tr. nimis contendere; to — 
one's strength, vires nimis intendere. 

overt, adj. apertus, mani/estus. 

overtake, v.tr. assequi, consequi; = tn sur- 
prise, oppri/mere, deprehendire alqm, supervenire 
ahi. overtaken, adj. praeventus; to be — 
with sleep, sonino opprimi. 

overtask, v.tr. majns junto piensum alci in- 
( j)u ngf.re. 

overtax, v.tr. iniquis oneribus premere. 

overthrow, I. v.tr. 1, =to cast down, 
profiigare, de(j)icere ; 2, = to demolish, diruirc, 
subvertere, demoliri ; 8, = to defeat, (dc)vinccre, 
prosterncre, opprimlre. II. n. eludes, -is, stragr/:, 
-if. 

overtop, v.tr. eminere, t snperemine're. 

overture, n. 1, condidones ad alqd agen- 
dum propositus; — of peace, pucis condicioncs ; 
to mal;e — s, condiciones firre or proponere ; 2, to 
an opera, [dramatis viusici) exordium. 

overturn, v.tr. evertere, subvertere alqd, 

overvalue, v.tr. nvmis magni aestimare. 

overweening, adj. mperbwt; see Pboud. 

overwhelm, v.tr. obrwre, opprimcre, de- 
mergh-e, (suh)mergvre. overwhelmed, part. 
obrutus, menus, demcrsus, submersns; — with 
grief, diilore or tristitid oppressvs. over- 
whelming, adj. by super!, of adj. or circillll- 
loc. (e.g. — grief, magno dolore affect us). 

overwise, adj. <pd peraeulus videri wilt. 

overwork, I. n. labor immoderatus. II. 
v.intr. and reflex, nimis lahorare ; see Work. 

overworn, adj. e.g. — with ago, aetate or 
senio eonfectus. 

overwrought, adj. or part, nimis elaboratus 
( =wrought too highly), laborious confectus ( = 
worn down by labours). 

overzcalous, adj. nimis studiosus. 

owe, T.tr. debere (= to be in debt ; to anyone, 



alci); to — something to a person, debire aid 
alqd (in gen., of any kind of obligation, e.g. 
money, vecuniam; gratitude, gratiam; compas- 
sion, misericordiam) ; to — much money, acre 
alieno demersum or obrutum esse ; to -• anyone a 
great deal, grandem pecuniam alci debere (lit.), 
multa alci debere (fig.) ; owing to, by per ; it was 
owing to you, per te ttetit quominus or tibi alqd 
acccptnm refero, or by propter with accus. or 
ab-.js beneficio. owing, adj. see Due. 

owl, n. ulula, nociua, strix, -gis, f. , bub); 
like an — , noctuin.ua (e.g. oculi, Plaut.). 

own, I. adj. 1, = belonging to one by nature or 
by one's course of action, proprius ; but gene- 
rally by meus, tuns, suns, etc., or by ipsius or 
meus ipsius, etc. (e.g. it was written by his — 
hand, ij/sius (or sud ipsius) manu scriptum ertit, 
ipse scriptserat) ; I saw it with my — eyes, ipse 
vidi, hisce oculis egomct ridi (Com.) ; I quote the 
emperor's — words, ipsa principis verba refero ; 
through my — fault, med eulpd; 2, — what we 
have for our — use, proprius (opp. communis or 
alienus ; in Cic. with genit., in other writers also 
with dat.), peculiaris (of what one has acquired 
for his — use), privatus (of private property, 
opp. publicus"), domesticus (= relating to one's 
family or home), comb, domesticus et privatus 
(e.g. domesticae et priratue res, one's — private 
matters, opp. publicac), privus (= belonging to 
any one individual); my, your — people, ser- 
vants, mei, tuif etc.; he has taken from us every- 
thing that was our — , ademit nobis ovinia 
quae nostra erant propria. II. v.tr. 1, see Aou- 
NowLErxiE, Confess; 2, see Possess, Claim. 
owner, n. possessor, dominus; to be the — of 
anything, possidere alqd. ownership, n. pes- 
scssio (in gen.), dominium (Jet.), auctoritas (— 
right of possession), manicipium (= right W 



by long use or 



purchase); the obtaining of 
possession, vsucapio. 

ox, n. bos, bovis, m. ami f. ; a young — , ju- 
vencus ; a driver of —en, bubulais. oxherd, n. 
armentarius. 

oyster, n. ostrea, \ostreum. oyster-bed, 
n. ostreurinm (Plin.). oyster-3hell, n. testa. 



P. 

pabulum, n. pabulum; see Foon. 

pace. I. n. gradus, -us, passvs, -its (= the 
act of stepping out in walking; in the prose 
of the golden age. only the step; as Roman 
measure of length =5 Roman feet); gressus, 
-its (= the act of making strides, walk); to 
keep — with anyone, alcjs gradus aeqnart 
(lit.), parem esse ahi (tig., = to be equal to any- 
one); at a quick — , plena or citato gradn : at 
a slow — , tarde, lente; see Step. II. v.intr. 
gradi (= to walk with an equal and bold step), 
vadere (quickly and easily), incedere, ingreai, 
umbnlare, spntiari (= to walk about); see 
March, Walk. III. v.tr. passibns metiri alqd. 
pacer, n. perhaps Asiurco (= an Asturian 
horse). 

pacific. adj. by jmcis(c.g. — propositions, paci's 
eondiciones), pacifieus, \pacifer; see Peaceadlk; 
pacification, n. pacificatio, compositio, pax. 
pacificator, n. pacificator, pacta auclor (Liv.), 
peicis reconeiliator (Liv.). pacify, v.tr. plarare 
(= a man when angry) ; to — a country, paeure; 
= t<i restore peace (e.g. to a province), sedure, 
componere. 

pack, I. v.tr. 1, imponerc in alqd (= to put. or 
load into), eondere in alqd OTttlqn rc{- to put into 



pao 



?90 



pal 



anything for the purpose of preservation) ; to — 
in a parcel with something else, al<jd in eundcm 
fasciculum addere ; to — one's things for a 
journey, for a inarch, sarclnas or sarcimdas col- 
ilgere or expedite, sarclnas uptare itlnerl, vasa 
colilgere (in the camp, of soldiers); to give orders 
for the troops to — up, vasa conclamare jubere ; 
to — goods, merces in fasclculos colilgere; to — 
together, colligere (= to collect in a lump, in a 
bundle, e.g. one's things, baggage, furniture, 
sarclnas, vasa), colligare, alllgare, constringire ( = 
to tic together, e.g. one's knapsack, sarclnain; 
household effects, vasa), stipare(= to — closely) ; 
to — together "in bundles or bales, in fasclculos, 
in fasces colligare; to — into a small compass, 
to crowd, stlpare, (co)artare, complere (= to fill) ; 

2, to — a jury, a meeting, etc., suos inter judiees 
coetum introduccre, etc. II. n. 1, = bundle, 
fasciculus, sarclna, saiclnula ; — of cards, char- 
tac ; 2, =a crowd, 'magna)frequentia(homlnum); 
= a mob, turba, grex, gregls, m. ; sec Crowd ; 

3, of dogs, canes, -urn. pack ass, n. aslnus 
clitellarlus (lit.), homo clitcllarius (tig. of men, = 
drudge), pack-horse, n. equus clltellarius. 
pack-saddle, n. clliellae. pack-thread, n. 
Tinea, package, n. sarclna, sarclnida, fas- 
ciculus ; see Parcel, Baggage, Luggage. 
packer, n. quialqaares in sarcinam colligit. 
packet, n. fasciculus; =a ship, navis ; see 
Parcel. 

pact, n. pactlo, pactum (= agreement entered 
into between two litigant parties ; pactio, = the 
act; pactum, = the terms of the agreement); 
see Compact, Contract. 

pad, n, see Cushion, Bolster. 

paddle, I. n. remits; see Oar. II. v.intr. 
1, navem remo im-pellire ; 2, with the hand, etc., 
aquani manu, etc., agitare. 

padlock, n. in the context, claustrum. 

paean, n. t paean. 

pagan, adj. paganus (Eccl.). 

page, n. puer ex aula, minister ex pueris 
reglls, puer reglus, puer noblils ex regid cohorte 
(at a king's court), puer -paedugogianus (Imperial 
Rome). 

page, u. of a book, paglna. 

pageant, n. spectaculum (= show), pompa 
(■= procession), apparatus magnifici (= great 
preparations at public processions, etc.). pa- 
geantry, n. see above. 

pagoda, n. templum or aedes, -is, f. ( = 
temple). 

pail, n. situla (situlus) ; see Bucket. 

pain, I. n. dolor (in gen., of body and mind), 
maestitia( = iitiuf ), disldcrium (= grief for the ab- 
sent or the dead) ; violent — , cruclatus, -us (of 
body and mini!) ; to cause — , dolor em facer e (effi- 
cere, afferrc, commovere, cxcltare or incutcre ; to 
anyone, aid). II. v.tr. alqm cruciare of dolore 
afficcre (lit. and tig.). III. v.intr. dolere ; see 
above, painful, adj. vehemens(=: causing violent 
feeling, e.g. an evil, a wound), gravis (= serious, 
severe, i.e. complaint, wound), uccrbus( = heart- 
felt, e.g. death); — sensation, dolor; wherever 
a man is, he has the same — feeling at the com- 
plete ruin both of public atfairs and of his own 
private circumstances, guocum/TUt in loco quis- 
quls est, Idem est ci seusu.i el eadem acerbilas, a 
interltu rerum et publlcarum et suarum ; that is 
— to me, hoc mihi dolet (ante class.). Adv. ve- 
hementer, graviter, acerbe, dolenter, summo or 
may no cum dolore. painless, adj. sine dolore, 
doloris txpen, dolore vacuus, racans or carciis. 
Adv. by adj. painlessness, n. indolentia, 
or by circumloc. dolore vacare or carere, non or 
nihil dolere (e.g. — is, according to Epicurus, the 



highest pleasure, summa voluptas est, ut Epicuro 
placet, nihil dolire, or Epicuro placuit omni dolore 
carere suinmam esse voluptatem, Cic). pains, 
n. = toil, opera (of one's own), virium contentio 
( = exertion of power), lubor, comb, opera et labor 
(see Labour), neyotium (from nee and otium, 
= absence of leisure, through work that we are 
executing, etc. ; then the performance of tlio 
work, particularly of that which causes un- 
easiness of mind, trouble), studium ( = zeal, as- 
siduity) ; with a great deal of — , non facile ; only 
with the greatest — , aegerrime, vix (= hardly) ; 
witli great — , multd, operd, magna labore, vmllo 
labore et sudore, multo negotio ; with all possible 
— , omni virium contentione, omni ope atque 
operd; with "very little — , without the least — ,, 
facile, generally nullo negotio or sine negotio ; 
carefully, aud with -great — , fide et operd; to 
take — , multam operam consumere ; to, take — 
in order to, etc., operam dare, niti, eniti, conten- 
dere, ut, etc. ; to take all possible — in order" to, 
etc., omni ope atque operd or omni virium con- 
tentione niti (or eniti), ut, etc., contendere et labo- 
rare, ut, etc., eniti et contendere, ut, etc., eniti 
et efficcre, ut, etc. ; see Toil, Trouble, Anxiety. 
painstaking, adj. operosus ; see Laborious, 
Industrious. 

paint, I. v.tr. 1, pingere (iutr. and tr.), de- 
pingere (tr., = to depict, with the pencil or with 
words, describe), effinglre' = to portray, with the 
pencil); to — from nature, from life (in an 
absolute sense), simllitudinem effingere ex vero ; 
to — anyone's likeness, alqm pingere; to — 
anyone's likeness with a striking resemblance, 
veram alcjs imaginem reddire ; to — anything in 
different colours and in light sketches, varle- 
tate colorum alqd adumbrare; 2, = to besmear 
witli colour, illinere alqd alqd re, sublinire alqil 
alqd re(=to lay on a ground colour), inducere al/jd 
alqd re or alci rei (e.g. parietcs minio, = to — the 
walls red); with different colours, roloribus 
(variare el)<llstinguire; to — blue, colorem caeru- 
leuin indveire alci rei; all the Britons — their 
bodies with woad, omnes se Britanni vitro infi-cl- 
unt ; to — white (to whitewash), dealbare (e.g. 
parletem), pollre albo (e.g. pillars, columnas) ; to 

— the face, fucare. II. n. pigmentum, color, 
fucus — cosmetic; see Colour, paint-brush, 
n. pcnicillus. painter, n. pictor; a — of 
houses, qui (parietes, etc.) colore inducit. paint- 
ing, n. pictura (in gen. also = that wnich Is 
painted), ars pingendi or picturae (= art of — , 
also pictura). 

pair, I. n. par (of two persons or things in 
close connection), jugum (lit. = a yoke of oxen ; 
then two persons joined together for an evil 
purpose, e.g. jugum impiorum nefarium, Cic), 
bini (= two at a time, two together, e.g. binos 
[scyphos] habebam ; jubeo promi utrosque, I had a 

— [of glasses) ; I want this — ) ; utrique (= this 
— , the — mentioned) ; see Couple, Brace. II. 
v.tr. (con)jungere. III. v.intr. jungi, conjungi, 
(co».)jungere, coire (=to copulate). 

palace, n. domus, -lis, regia, or simply regia 
(= royal mansion, palatiuin only in poetry and 
late prose), domus, -us, f. (house in gen., very 
often sufficient in the context). 

palate, n. palatum ; a fine —, subtile jxilatum, 
doctum et erudition palatum; a very fine — , 
palatum in gustaiu sagaciasimum ; he has a flue 
— , sapit el palatum (Cic.) ; see Taste, Relish. 
palatable, a<lj. jucundi saporis (= of pleasant 
taste), jucundus, atavis, dulcis (= sweet, pleas- 
ant) ; see Savoury, Relish, palatal, adj. 
palatilla (Grain. t.t). 

palatinate, n. * palatinatus. 

palaver, n. nugae ; see Nonsense. 

pale, I. adj. pallidas, luridus (= black and 



pal 



800 



pa: 



blue), uii»«»(= white), d<co?o!(=discoloured); — 
rolour, pallidus color, pallor ; to be — ,pallere; 
of colours, expressing shade by sub (e.g. sub- 
flavus, — — yellow, Suet.). II. v.intr. pallesccre; 
see above ; to — before, alqd re or ab alqo vinci. 
paleness, n. pallor, pallidus color, macula 
Talba («= a white spot). 

pale, paling, L n. palvs, -udis, f. (in gen.), 
smles, -i.«, I. (= a stake to prop up trees ; in forti- 
fication, a pile driven into the ground for de- 
fence), stipes, -ifis, in. (= stem of a tree used as 
a stake), vallus (= pole for fortifying a rampart, 
etc., palisade) ; see Stake, Post. II. v.tr. ad 
palvm alligare (trees); to — the vine, vite.s jxilis 
adjunglre ; = to surround, palls cingere ; see 
Surround, palisade, n. vallum, palvs; to 
surround with a — , vallo mitnire or cingh-e. or 
circumdare, vallare. palisading, n. vallum, 
txilli ; see Pale. 

palette, n, patella or diaeus colorum. 

palfrey, n. equus or caballus. 

palimpsest, n. palimpsestus. 

palinode, n. palinodia (better written as 
Greek wa\iiySia). 

pall, n. 1, pallium; see Mantle; 2,= 
covering thrown over the dead, tegvmentum or 
involucrum feretri. 

pall, v.intr., to — upon anyone, alqm ukj* 
ret taedct. 

palladium, n. palladium. 

pallet, n. = a small bed, lectvlus^grabatus. 

palliasse, n. lectus stramenticius. 

palliate, v.tr. alqd excusare, extenuare ; to — 
anything with, praetendh-e alqd alci rci, tegcre 
or occult are alqd alqd re, excusatione alcjs rei 
tegire alqd (= to cover, varnish by means of an 
excuse, C\c.),alqd in alcjs rei simulaUonem con- 
ferre (= to hide nnder pretence, C;es.); see Ex- 
cuse, palliation, n. use verb (e.g. the — of 
his fault, culpam excvsavit). 

pallid, adj. see Pale. 

palm, I. n. 1, palma ; see Hand; 2, a plant, 
paima (■= — tree, also a branch of it worn in 
token of victory) ; to present the — to anyone 
(as token of victory), dare alci palmam ; adorned 
with — , palmatus. II. v.tr. to — off upon any- 
one, centonnn alci sarcire (Coin.), imponere alci 
(absolute;, alqd alci svpponcre; he has — ed 
anything upon him, verba Hit dedil; see Im- 
pose, palmary, adj. valmaris. palmer, 
n. see Pilohim. palmistry, n, either use 
\(tpofiai'Tfia in Greek characters, or ars eorum 
qui mnnuum lineamenta perscntt ant ur. palmy, 
adj. floreits (= flourishing), optimus (— best). 

palpable, adj. 1, lit, quod sentire possUMVS, 
o(a)spectabilis (= visible), trnctabilis( = that may 
be touched) ; gee PERCEPTIBLE ; quod manu tenere 
possumus, quod mauu tcnetur ; 2, tig. quod compre- 
hensumavimis habemus, mani/estus ( = manifest), 
eridens ( = evident), apertus ( = open, clear), 
comb, apertus ac mani/estus (e.g. scelns). Adv. 
wauifesto, evidenter, aperte. 

palpitate, v. intr. palpitare ; see Beat. 
palpitation, n. palpitatio (Plin.). 

palsy, n. see Paralysis. 

paltry, adj. vilis ; see Petty. 

pamper, v.tr. alci nimis indulge"™ ; see 
Feed, Glut, Indulge. 

pamphlet, n. libellus. pamphleteer, n, 
UbeUorum scriptor, 

pan, n. sartago (Plin.), patina, patella; see 
Disk, pancake, n. laganvm or placenta. 

panacea, n. lit. panchrestum mtdtcametitvni 
flit, in Plin., fig InCic); j>cinctcert(- a plant, tlio 
heal-all). 



pandects, n. pandectae (Imperial Home), 

pander, I. n. feiio. II. v.intr. to — to, 1, 
lit. hnocinari ; 2, llg. alci inserviie, or perhaps 
blandiri; see Flatter. 

pane, n. vitreum quadratum (square). 

panegyric, n. laudatio, upon anyone, alcjs 
(ol a speech, oration, and the praise contained in 
It), laus, laudes, upon anyone, alcjs; — upon 
ono deceased, hudatio (mortui) in gen. pane- 
gyrist, n. luudator (in gen.; fern., laudcitrix), 
praedicator (loud and in public). 

panel, n. (in architecture) tympanum ( = 
square — of a door), abacus (in wainscoting), 
intertignium, intercolumnium (= square com. 
partinent on the ceilings of rooms) ; a panelled 
ceiling, lacunar, ilaquear. 

pang, n. dolor, doloris stimulus; see Stino, 
Anguish, Agony. 

panic, n. paror, terror. 

pannier, n. clitellae. 

panoply, n. see Armour. 

panorama, n. perhaps tabula in modum 
circi picta ; see also Prospect. 

pant, v.intr. of the heart ; see Palpitate, 
Beat ; to — for breath, aegre ducere spirihim, 
anhelare ; to — for, fig. sitire, concupiscere alqd. 
panting, n. anhelitvs, -».?. 

puixtaloon, n. perhaps sannio, scurra, tu. 

pantheism, n. ratio eorum qui deum in uni- 
versd rerun naturd situm esseputant. panthe- 
ist, n. qui deum, etc., putat ; see above. 

panther, n. panthera (Plin.), pardus (Plin.). 

pantomime, n. mimus, pantomimus {&nel.). 

pantry, n. cella penaria, promptnarinvi 

(where victuals are kept). 

pap, n. 1, papilla, vbcr, -eris,n. ; see Breast; 
2, = soft food for infants, puis, pulticula (- 
gruel) (Plin.). 

papa, n. pater ; see Father. 

papacy, n. * papatus (= dignity of the Pope). 
papal, adj. "pajmlis. papist, n. sacra a 
pontifice Romano instituta sequcns, legis pontiji- 
cis Komani studiosus. 

paper, I. n. 1, as material for writing upon, 
charta (made from the papyrus, then any kind 
of writing material), t papyrus, f. ; 2, = — 
written on, writing, charta, scriplum ; papers 
(i.e. written — ), scripta, -orum, lit(t)erae, epistulae. 
(epistol-), libelli, tabellac ; public — s, tabulae pub- 
licac; — money, currency, pecunia chartaeeu, 
or syngrapha publica ; —-hanging, tapete, -is 
(tapetum, = tapestry) ; = newspaper, acta (di- 
urna), -orum. II. v.tr. to — a room, conclavis 
parities tapetibus ornare. III. adj. chartaeeu* 
(Jet.), paper-hanger, n. qui condavivm 
parictrs tapetibus ornat. 

papyrus, n. papyrus, f. (papyrum). 

par, ii. (in gen.) see Equality (in com- 
merce) by aequalis; — of exchange, vicissi- 
tudlnes rei argentariae aequales, pecuniae )>er- 
mutandae pretium aequale. 

parable, n. parabola (class. = a compari- 
son), or in pure Latin collatio, tra(ns')lotio r 
similitude; see Allegory, Simile, para- 
bolical, adj. per similitudinem, or tra(ns)la- 
tionem or collalionem, ; to speak — ly, ut simili- 
tud.iv.it utar. 

parade, I. n. 1, in military affairs, decursus r 
•i's, decursio ; 2, = show, ostentatio, apparatus, 
•us ; see Show, Display. II. v.intr. (of troops), 
decurrire. III. v.tr. ostentare; sec Display. 

paradigm, n. in Gram., }>aradigma. 

Paradise, n. 1, paradhus (Eccl.) ; 2, = or 



pat 



801 



par 



Very delightful spot, locus amoenissimus ; 3,= 
the blissful seat after death, sales (-is, f.) bea- 
torn in. 

paradox, n. quod est admirdbile contraque 
opinionem omnium, in the pi. quae sunt admira- 
bilia, etc., also simply admiralnlia or mirabilia 
quacdcim, iii pi. pctradoxa. paradoxical, adj. 
see above. 

paragon, n. specimen ; see Pattern. 

paragraph, n. caput (= section). 

parallel, I. adj. 1, purallclos ; 2, fig. (con)- 
similis ; a — passage, locus congruens verbis el 
sententiis. II. n. 1, linea parallela ; 2, fig., 
perhaps similitude; to draw a — , alqd cum alqd 
re conferre ; see Compare, Comparison. III. 
v.tr. alqd cum alqd re acquare, comparare, con- 
feree ; see. Compare. parallelogram, n. 
* parallelogi-animon. 

paralogism, n. (in logic) falsa ratio ; to 
make a — , vitiose coucludcre ; see Sophism. 

paralysis, u. 1, paralysis (Plin.), in pure 
Latin nervorum re.missio ; 2, tig. perhaps by im- 
potens, invaliilus ; see Powerless, paralyti- 
ca!, adj. paralyticus (Plin.). paralyse, v.tr. 
1, lit. pede (mann, etc.) caplum or deb Hem esse 
(to be — d) ; see Lame ; 2, tig. invalidum red- 
dere, afiligire, percellere (Cels.). 

paramount, adj. and u, see Chief, Su- 
perior. 

paramour, n. sec Lover, Mistress. 

parapet, n, pluteus, lorica (milit. term.). 

paraphernalia, n. apparatus, -us; see 
Dress, Ornament. 

paraphrase, I. n. circuitio, circuitus, -Us, 
eloquendi, circuitus plurium verborum, circumlo- 
cutio (all = circumlocution rather than verbal 
— ), paraphrasis, -is, f. (Quint.). II, v.tr. and 
intr. pliiribns alqd crponire et cxplicare (Cic, 
Quint), pluribus vocibvs et per ambitum ver- 
borum cdqd enuntiare (Suet.), circuitu plurium 
verborum ostendcre alqd (Quint.). 

parasite, n. 1, parasitus, fern, parasita (= 
a trencher friend), assec y u)la, parasitaster (= a 
wretched — ) ; 2, = a plant, planta para- 
sitica, parasitic, parasitical, adj. para- 
siticus (n-apaa-iTi/cos). parasitism, n. parasi- 
tatio, ars parasitica (Com.). 

parasol, n. umbella (Juv.), umbraculnm. 

parboiled, adj. semicoctus (Plin.). 

parcel, I. n. 1, see Part, Portion ; 2, see 
Quantity, Mass ; 3, = package, fascis, -is, in., 
fasciculus ( = a bundle, containing several things 
together), sarcina (= burden, carried by a man 
or a beast); see Packet. II. v.tr. parliri( = 
to divide), dioidere, distribuere, metiri(= to mea- 
sure); see Divide. 

parch, I. v.tr. (ex)siccare, arefacere, torrc- 
facerc, (ex)urere. II. v.intr. (ex)siccari, siccessiire, 
arefieri, aresccre (the latter two = to become dry) ; 
see Burn, Dry. parched, adj. aridus; see 
Dry. 

parchment, n. membrana. 

pardon, I. v.tr. ignosccre alci rei or aid 
alqd, veniam ulcjs rci dare alci ; to — an oath, 
jitrisjurandi gratiam alci facere, solvere alqtn 
sacramento (= to free from the obligation); to — a 
debt, pecuniam creditam condonare or remittire, 
crcditum condonare, debitum remittcre (Uci. II. 
n. venia, remissio (e.g. the foregoing of a payment, 
remissio tributi); to ask — , remissionem pctcre, 
veniam praeteritorum precari ; see Foroive, In- 
dulgence, Overlook. pardonable, adj. 
t excusabilis, cui ultio veniam dare 2>otcst. 

pare, v.tr. (de)secare, resecare, circumsecare 
(= to cut off in gen.), subsecare (= to cut off a 

26 



little), clrcumcldere (= to cut off all round). 
parings, n. praesegmina, -um (ante and post 
class.). 

parent, n. see Father, Mother ; parens (in 
gen.), prucreator (= creator), genitor. parent- 
age, n. slirps, genus, -eris, n.; see Extraction, 
Birth, parental, adj., by the genit. -jiaren- 
turn, e.g. — love, parentum amor. Adv. puren- 
turn more, parentless, adj. orbatus or orbus 
(parentibus). 

parenthesis, n. interpositio, interclusio 
(quam nos interpositionem vet interclusionem 
dicimus, Graeci napivOeaiv vocant, dum continwi- 
tioni sennonis medius alqs sensus intervenit, 
Quint.) ; to put anything in — , alqd continua- 
tioni sennonis medium interponere. paren- 
thetical, adj. a — remark, verba (orationi) 
interposita. 

parhelion, n. parelion, sol alter or imago 
solis (Sen.). 

pariah,n. unusefaecepopuli. 

parietal, adj. by circuml. with paries; see 
Wall. 

parish, n. paroecia (parochia) (Eccl.). 
parishioner, n. parochiunus (Eccl.). 

parity, n. see Equality. 

park, n. 1, vivarium (= presei-ve, Plin.), 
sueptum (sep-) mnutionis (Var.)or perhaps saeptum 
alone (= enclosure) ; 2, horti (= gardens), viri- 
darium (= garden planted with trees). 

parley, I. v.intr. colloqui alqd cum alqo, gen. 
colluqv i de alqd re(= to speak with another about 
anything), conferre ulqd, consilia con/erre de alqd 
re, communicare cum alqo dealqdre(= to commu- 
nicate about anything), appropriately agere, dis- 
ceptare cum alqo de alqd re (= to confer on some 
point of mutual concern), coram conferre alqd ; (in 
a military sense), to — (respecting the surrender 
of a town), leyatum or legatos de condicionibus 
urbls tradendae mittere. II. n. colloquium, 
sermo. 

parliament, n. (in England) senatus, -us ; 
to convoke the — , senatum convocare or cogere ; 
an act of — , senatus consultum ; house of 
— , curia; member of — , senator, parlia- 
mentary, adj. senatorius, quod ad senatum 
pertinet. 

parlour, n. see Room. 

parochial, adj. * parochialis ; see Parish. 

parody, I. n. (of a poem) poetae verba et 
versiis ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argu- 
mentum detorta, or Greek napiaSia. II. v.tr. (a 
poem) poetae verba et versus ad aliud quoddam 
idque ridiculum argumentv.m detorquere. . 

parole, n. (in military affairs) fides [data); 
see Word. 

paroxysm, n. l,febris accessia (Cels.), orofl- 
cessus, -its; 2, tig. vis or impetus, or by part (e.g. 
ird impulsus, = under a — of anger). 
' parricide, n. 1, parricida, in. and f., the 
person (parentis sui); 2, the act, parricidium. 
parricidal, adj. see Murderous. 

parrot, n. psiltacus. 

parry, v.tr. and intr. 1, in fencing, to — a 
thrust or stroke, ictum (or petitionem) vitare, ca- 
vere, cavere et propulsare, also simply cavere, vi- 
tare (with the sword), ictum declinare, petitionem, 
declinatione et corpore effugere, also simply ictum 
effugere (by n movement of the body) ; to — well, 
recte cavere; to try to — , or to — anyone's 
thrust with the shield, ad alcjs conatum scutum 
tollere; to — and strike again, cavere et repetere; 
— ing, ictus proymlsatio ; 2, fig. to — an evil 
blow, etc., aniorere (= to avert), depellere, repel-, 
lire, propellere, propulsare, defendere (= to ward 



par 



602 



par 



off), deprecari (lit. by entreaties) ; see Fence, 
Avoid. 

parse, v.tr. sententiam or locum quasiin mem- 
bra discerpere ; to — words, quae sint singula 
verba explicare. parsing, n. use verb. 

parsimonious, adj. (gen. in an ill sense, 
but sometimes in a good sense = frugal) parous 
(= who is always afraid to give too much, esp. in 
expenditure, opp. nimius, who goes too far in 
anything, Plin.), restrictus (= who does not like 
to give, opp. largus), comb, jxtrcus et restrictus, 
tenax ( = tight, opp. profusus), also comb, parens 
et tenax, restrictus et tenax ; malignus(= niggard, 
who grudges everything); see Mean. Adv. pane, 
maligne(= too sparingly, e.g. laudare, Hor.), re- 
stride, parsimony, n. parsimonia alcjs rei 
(= being careful with anything, then in avoiding 
expenditure ; e.g. parsimonia temporis) ; too 
great — , tenacitas ( = being close, never coming 
out with anything, Liv.), malignitas (= niggard- 
liness) ; see Meanness. 

parsley, n. apium, oreoselinum or petroseli- 
num (Plin.). 

parsnip, n. *pastindca (Plin.). 

parson, n. * presbyter, *clericus, or by 
sacerdos. parsonage, n. aedes presbyteri. 

part, I. n. pars, mcmbrum( — limb, e.g. of the 
body, of a discourse), locus (= important passage, 
point in a science, treatise) ; the middle, fur- 
thest, lowest, highest — of anything is ren- 
dered by medius, extremus, iv.fimus, summus, in 
the same case as the tiling itself (e.g. the middle 
— of a line of battle, ucics media ; the highest — 
of the mountain, mons summus) ; for the most — , 
magnum partem, plerumque (= in most cases, as 
regards time) ; in two, three — s, etc., bi/ariam, 
trifariam, bipartite, tripartitn, etc. ; the greater 
— , aliquantum with genit. (e.g. viae) ; the one 
— , the other — , pars . . . pars, partim . . . 
partim (also with genit. or with the prep, ex), 
pars or partim . . . aiit (-«c, -a), alii (-«■', -«) . . . 
alii (ae, -a) (all of persons and things) ; partly 
. . . partly, partim . . . partim (but the latter 
particles can only be used when we speak of a 
real division into parts), qud . . . qud ( = on the 
one hand ... on the other hand), et . . . et, 
dim . . . turn, turn . . . <i/mi=both. . . and); 
I for my— , cgoquidem, equidem( = if I must give 
my own opinion, etc. ; for which moderns often 
put badly, quod ad me attinet), pro med parte ( = 
according to my power) ; to divide into — s, in 
partes dividcre or distribute ; to receive a — of 
anything, partem alcjs rei accipere ; to hare a — 
in anything, alcjs rei participem or in parte or 
in societate alcjs rei esse, partem or societatcm in 
alqd re habere (in some good act), alcjs rei socium 
esse (in some good and in some wicked action), 
affinem este alcjs rei or aid rei (in something that 
js bad) ; to take — in anything, partem alrjs rei 
fapere (e.g. in the government of a republic, 
administrandae reipublicae), in partem alcjs rei 
venire, interesse alci rei (=• to be present at any- 
thing, to take — in or exercise influence, e.g. 
in tbe battle, pugnae), altingcrc (by action, in a 
business transaction, in the carrying out of any- 
thing); to have no — in anything, alcjs rei ex- 
pertem esse, partem alcjs rei turn habere ; to allow 
anyone to take a — in consultations, alqm in 
eonxiliuw, adhibere or ad consilium ndmittire ; in 
— , partly, per partes, particulntim (mostly post 
class.) ; earptim ( = in pieces, when one — is taken 
now, and another at some other time, and so 
on, opp. universi, e.g. sen earptim partes [i.e. 
partly and in different lots], sen universi [con- 
venire] malknt, Liv.); ex parte, alqd ex parte ( = 
in — , when only a — of the whole is taken at a 
time, or only a few parts at a iiine, etc. opp. 
totus, e.g. to conquer a town — , v.rbem expartc 



capcre ; to please — , ex parte ptdecre ; to b« 
changed — , alqd ex. parte commutari), nonnulki 
parte (inasmuch as the parts do not form a con- 
nected whole, but are isolated, "here and there," 
e.g. summotis sub murum cohortibus ac nonnulld 
parte prcqjter terrorem in oppidum compulsis) ; to 
take one's — with one, or to take — with ono, 
in akjspartes transire, transgredi, alqm defendcre, 
pro alcjs salute propugnare (the latter two = to 
defend, e.g. very eagerly, accrrime), against any- 
one, stare cum alqo adversus alqm; to take in 
good — , in bonam partem accipere ; to act a — , 
agere alqm or alcjs partes, alcjs personam tueri ; 
on the — of . . ., ab alqo (e.g. on his — nothing 
will be done, ab co or ab illo nihil agitur ; on his 
— we have nothing to fear, ab eo nihil nobis ti- 
mendum est, also by alcjs verbis, alcjs nomine, in 
anyone's name ; see Name) ; a — (music), modi 
musici compluribus vocibus descripli; — singing, 
complurium vocum cantus ; in these — s, hae 
regione, hie; good — s; see Ability, Speech. 
II. v.tr. divider*, partiri ; see Divide, Sepa^ 
rate. III. v.intr. digredi, discedere. part- 
ing, n. digrcssio, digressus, -its, discessus, -ns. 
partly, adv. partim, (alqd) ex parte; see 
Part, I. 

partake, v.tr., to — of, participem esse alcjs 
rei; of food, see Eat; also Part, I. par- 
taker, n. sociiis; — of or in anything, porft-, 
ceps or socius alcjs rei, affinis alcjs rei or alci 
rei; fern, socia, in anything, porticeps or socio. 
alcjs rei, affinis alcjs rei or alci rei. 

parterre, n. perl.aps area floribus consita. 

Parthenon, n. Parf7i«io»(Plin.). 

partial, adj. 1, alterivs partis studiosus t 
evpidus (= acting under the influence of one's. 
passion), ad gratiam /actus (= what is done 
to insinuate oneself), iniquvs (= unfair); 2, = 
partly, ex (alqd) parte; see Partly. Adv. 
cupide, iniquc, ex (alqd) parte, partiality, 
n. studium (= the leaning towards one party), 
gratia (= favour shown to one party, e.g. crimen, 
gratiae, i.e. accusation of — ), cupiditas ( = bias,' 
esp. of a judge, etc.) ; to act with — , cupidius 
agere ; to approve anything through — , studio 
quodam comprobare alqd. 

participate, v.intr. and tr., by particeps 

alcjs rei (= anyone who receives a sJiare of any- 
thing or takes part in anything, e.g. ejusdem lau- 
dis ; in a conspiracy, conjurationis ; in a plea- 
sure, voluptatis), consors, socivs alcjs rei (= who 
has joined with others, e.g. socius s-.eleris), affinis 
alcjs rei or alci rei (in anything, esp. in a bad 
action, e.g. affinis facinori, noxae, culpae), com]x>s 
alcjs rei (— who possesses anything, is in the pos- 
session of, e.g. anything pleasant, e.g. the con- 
sulate, praise), alcjs rei potens (= who possesses. 
a thing and is the master over it) ; to come to — 
in a thing, participem or compotem fieri alcjs rei;. 
to — in a crime, se obstringere alqd re. par- 
ticipation, n. societas, communicatio ; in any- 
thing, societas alcjs rei (= joint — in, e.g. belli). 
participator, n. socius, affinis, consors; see 
Participate. ; 

participle, n. participium (Gram.). 

particle, n. 1, pariicula (in gen.), frustum 
(= a little bit of food, otherwise rare) ; 2, in 
gram., * pariicula. 

particoloured, adj. versicolor, varius. 

particular, adj. zejviratus; everyone has 
his own — place and his own table, separatae 
singulis sedes et sua cviqne mensa (Tac); = 
peculiar to anyone, proprius (of which we are 
the only possessors, opp. communis) ; praecipuus 
(in possessing which we have an advantage 
over others), peculiaris (when one thing is to 



pai 4 



603 



pE8 



be distinguished from another, bf a tiling pecu- 
liar in its kind), singularis ( = single, isolated, 
excellent), praecipttus ( = excellent), eximius 
(= exceeding ; see Excellent) ; = strange, 
wonderful, singularis, novus (= new, wliat was 
never seen before), minis (= striking) ; a 

— ease, minis quidam casus; see Peculiar, 
Exact, Singular; —exacting, diligens, accura- 
tus; a — friend; sec Intimate, Private, par- 
ticulars, n., in the pi.-, to go into — , singula 
sequi ; scribere lie singulis rebus (in letters) ; rem 
online, ut gesta est, narrare. particularity, 
n. diligentia. particu ' rize, v.tr. nominare 
(=to name), enumerate (=to enumerate), per 
nomina citare (= to mention several persons by 
name), particularly, adv., by quod enrae or 
cordi est; gravis ( = important), or with the 
advs. sedulo (= assiduously), studiose (= with 
zeal), diligenter (= with care), cupide (= eager- 
ly), impense (= urgently), veliementer (= vehe- 
mently, very much), magnopiere (=with all 
one's mind), praesertim , praecipue ( = especially), 
maxime (= chiefly), imprimis (imprimis = above 
all), etiam atque ettitm ( = over and over), also 
veliementer etiam atque etiam ; to court anyone's 
friendship most — , cupidissivie alcjs amicitiam 
appetere. 

partisan, n. homo alcjs studiosus, fixator. 
partisanship, n. studium, favor. 

partisan, n. a weapon, bipennis. 

partition, n. 1, see Division, Separation; 
2, a — in a house, paries, -ells, m. ( = wall), paries 
intergerinus (intergcriinis, Plin., = common wall 
between neighbouring houses), saeptum (sep-, 
= fence or place fenced oft), loculamentum 
(used of the — s in an aviary). 

partitive, adj. in Gram., partitivus. 

partner, n. 1, lit., by verbs, see Partaker, 
Associate ; 2, in commercial business, socius 
(in every sense) ; 3, in marriage, conjv(n)x, 
-jugis, in. and f. ; see Husband, Wife, part- 
nership, n. consortio (rare), societas (as society 
and persons united in — , Cic), socii (= persons 
associated together) ; to form a — , societatem 
facere; to enter into — with anyone, alqm sibi 
socium adjungire. 

partridge, n. perdrix. 

parturition, n. partus, -iis. 

party, n. 1, pars, or pi. partes (in gen.), /actio 
(lit. = any number of persons who entertain the 
same sentiments, then esp. in a political sense), 
serta(prop. of philosophers or learned men ingen.); 
the opposite — , see Opposition; to belong to any- 
one's — , alcjs partis or partium esse, alcjs partes 
sequi, alcjs sectam sequi, cum alqo facere, ab or 
cum alqo stare, alcjs rebus studere or favere, alcjs 
esse studiosum ; not to belong to either, any — , 
neutrius partis or nullius partis esse (sec Neu- 
tral); to favour different parties (of several), uli- 
drum (alias) partes foverc ; to get anyone over to 
one's own — , alqm in suas partes traherc, ducere-; 
to divide into two parties, in duas partes discedire, 
in duas/actioHcs scindi; — zeal in the contest, 
studium; — leader, dux or prmceps partium, 
prince pi or caput factionis ; in the context also 
simply dux, caput ; — spirit (partium) studium ; 

— struggle, — dispute, in the State, certamen 
partium or factionum; 2, = company, aliquot ( = 
a few, in an indefinite sense), complurcs( = i\ large 
number) ; a large — , cojtia, multitiulo, also by 
alii— alii; pleasure — , into the country, by 
excurrere; on the water, by navigare ; to be one 
of the — , una esse cum aliis; he who is one of 
the — , socius ( = who joins), comes (= companion) ; 
to be one of the — invited by anyone, to go 
with a — somewhere, alci comitem se culdere or 

. adjungere; a card — , lusus, -iis (= game) ; see 



Cause, Company, party-wall, it. see Parti- 
tion. 

parvenu, n. novushomo. 

paschal, adj. paschalis (Eccl.). 

pasha, n. satrapes, -ae and -is, in. 

pasquinade, n. libellus famosus (= a libel).; 

see Libel ; if a poem, carmen. probrosum, Ja- 
mosum, carmen maledicum, elogium (^verses 
written at anyone's door, Plant.); a — upon 

anyone's voluptuousness, versus in alcjs cupidi- 
tatemfacti. 

pass, I. v.intr. 1, transire, transgredi (= to go 
past), ire or venire per alqm locum ( = to — through 
a place), alqm locum inire or ingredi or intrare 
(= to enter into a place, of persons), importari, 
invehi(= to be imported, of things), alqo loco exire 
or egredi (from a place, of persons), exportari, 
evehi (= to be transported away from a place, of 
things), alqm locum transcendere orsujierare (= to 

— through, over a place which lies high, e.g. a 
mountain) ; to — through the gate, portd exirje 
(in going out), porta introire (in going in) ; to -*- 
across a river, flumen transire or tra(j)icire or 
transmitters; to let the troops — across a river, 
copias flumen or trans flumen tra(j)iccre; not to 
allow anyone to — , alqm aditn prohibere (in 
going past or in going in), alqm egressione pro- 
hibere, alqm egressu, arcere (in going out) ; not 
to allow anyone to — backwards and forwards., 
nee aditu ncc reditu ahpn prohibere ; see Uq, 
etc. ; 2, to — into possession of, see Get ; 3, of 
the time, transire, praeterire (= to — by), abiix 
(= to go away), circumagi, se circumagere (^= 
to come round), exire, praeterire (= to elapse); 
the time — es quickly, tempus fugit, aetas volat; 
4, perferri ( = to be carried, of a law); see 
Enact ; 5, = to be tolerated, proburi (of that 
which can be approved), ferri posse (of what 
can be tolerated); to let a thing — , alqd non 
plane improl>are(= not to disapprove altogether), 
alqdfcrre(— to bear); see Allow, Permit ; 6, t= 
to be considered, haberi alqm or pro alqo (the 
latter if we consider anyone to be a person of a 
certain character, etc.); to — as rich, haber.i 
divitem (if the person really is so), haberi pro 
divite (if considered as such) ; 7> = to come to 
— , accidere ; see Happen ; 8, in feuciug, alqm 
petirc; 9, as I — ed along, in — ing, in transitu, 
transiens, praeteriens (also tig. = by-the-bye,; 
the two former in a lig. sense only post-Aug. 
(e.g. Quint.), but quasi praeteriens in Cic.), 
strictim (fig., but superficially, after Seneca 
also obiter); to mention in — ing, in mentiowm 
alcjs rei incidere (Liv.) ; 10, to — by, praeterire 
or praelergruli, a place, alqm locum; transir.e 
alqm locum (= to go beyond a place) ; to let none 

— by, go past, neminem praetermittere ; = tin 
cease, abire ; of time, praeterire, transire; to — 
through, transire (absol., or with the acens. of 
the place), iter facere per (with acens. of the 
place), pervadere, penetrare (= to penetrate), 
transvchi, veld per locum (in a carriage, on 
board a vessel). II. v.tr. 1, = to go beyond, 
transgredi (only lit., e.g. flumen), transire or 
egredi alqd or extra alqd (lit and fig.), excedire 
(fig.); to — the boundaries, limits, transits 
fines (both in entering and leaving a country ; 
then also fig. alcjs rei), egredi extra fines (lit., in 
leaving a country, tenninos egredi, lig.) ; to — 
the fifth year, egredi quintum annum; see Sur- 
pass; 2, of time, degere, agcrc, transigire (e.g. 
diem, vitum, or actatem); with anything or wijh 
a person, duccre alqd' re (e.g. the night with in- 
teresting conversation, noctem jucundis scrmoni- 
bus), consumere or conterere alqd re or in alqd re 
(in a good or bad sense), absumire alqd re (= {o 
waste time, e.g. with talking, tempus dicendo) ; 
extrahere alqd re (when w" »«Jk instead of acj- 



pas 



§04 



pas 



Jug), fallere alqd re ; to — whole days by the 
fireside, tutos dies juxtct focum atque ignem agire; 
to — the night, pcrnodare ; see Spend; 3, 
to — :in examination, ulci satisfacere ; (= to 
satisfy), probari (= to be considered competent, 
stare (= not to fall through in carrying out any- 
thing) ; very honourably, pulcherrime state, in 
a disgraceful- manner, turpcm inveniri ; 4, 
of a business, to — accounts, ratioues ratas 
habere! see Terminate, Settle, Divide; 5, 
= to allow to — , trnnsitum dare alci (a per- 
son), transmitter*; 6, = to put through a 
narrow hole, tra(j)icere, immittere, inserere 
(the latter two = to put into, e.g. one's 
hand, the key into the keyhole) ; to — thread 
through a needle, filum in acum inserere ; 7, = 
to — sentence, sente.ntiam dicere (by word of 
mouth) or ferre (by votes); upon anyone, judi- 
cium facere de alqo (e.g. optimum); to — sen- 
tence of death upon anyone, o/g?)! capitis dam- 
nare ; see Sentence ; 8, to — a law, decern- 
ere (of the Senate), legem esse jubcre (of the 
people) ; see Enact. — away, v.intr. 1, see 
Pass, I. 3 ; 2, see Die. — by, v.tr. 1, see Pass, 
1. 10 ; 2, see Pass over. — off, I. v.tr. to — 
anyone or anything on anyone for anyone or any- 
thing, dicere (= to say), perhibere (= to call), 
ferre ( = to bring forward), mentiri (= to say 
falsely) ; to — anyone, report as being dead, fid- 
sum nnntium mortis alcjs afferre ; to — anything 
as one's own, swim essealqd dicere; to — as truth, 
verum esse alqd dicere, simulare alqd esse i<crum ; to 
— anyone as one's father, patrem sibi alqm assum- 
ere ; to — anyone (falsely) as the author of any- 
thing, alqm auctorem esse alcjs rei mentiri ; to — 
anyone by a false report as the founder, alqm 
conditortm famd ferre ; to — oneself for, se ferre 
alqm( = to report up and down), se proflteri alqm 
(= to declare oneself to be so and so), simu- 
lare, alqm se esse velle (lie will have it that he 
is so and so), to — himself off as a king, regis 
titulum usurpare. II. v.intr. abire (used 
hy Cic. of sea-sickness) ; see Cease. — oil, 
v.intr. pergere; let ns — (in speaking), perga- 
mus (ad alqd). — over, I. v.tr. any person or 
thing in speaking (= not to remember), praderire 
with or without silentio, relinquere, comb, prae- 
terire ac relinquere, mittere. omittere (of one's 
own free will and with intent, e.g. omitto juris- 
diclionem contra leges ; relinquo caedes ; Hbidines 
praetereo); to — over, that, etc., ut omittam, 
qiiod, etc., ne dicam, quod, etc. ; — ing overall 
these circumstances, omissis his rebus omnibus ; 
to be — ed over, praeteriri (in gen.), repulsam 
ferre or accipere(- to be rejected, in the election 
of an office) ; see Neolect. — round, v.intr. 
tradere. III. n. 1, = a narrow passage, aditus, 
-iis (= access in gen.), angustiae locorum, or 
simply angustiae (= narrow — ), fauces, -inm (= 
narrow entrance and exit into a more open 
country), saltus, -iis (= woody mountain-pass, 
e.g. near Thermopylae, Thermopylarum) ; 2, see 
Pa3Saoe, Road ; 3, = an order to — , libellns, 
•iis, qui alci aditum aperiat ; 4, = condition, eo 
ventum est ut ; see Condition, passable, 
adj. 1, pen'ius, trilus (= much frequented) ; 
or transitu facilis; 2, = tolerable, tolerabilis, 
mediocris. Adv.mediocriter. passage, n. 1, - 
the act of passing, transitus, -iis, transitio, trans- 
vectio (= transit of goods); transgressio, trans- 
ffressus, -us, tra(ns)missio, tra(ns)missus, -iis, tra- 
jectio, trajectus, -us (the substs. in -io express 
the act, those in -its the condition, the — 
Itself) ; — across a river, transitus or transvectio 
Jluminis; in the — of such large sums of the 
royal treasure into Italy, in tantd pecunid regiA 
in Italiam trajiciendd ; = to grant a — to any- 
one, dare alci transitum or iter per agros urbes- 
que, alqm per fines sitos ire pati, alqm per fines 



regni transire- sinire (to an army, to a general 
with the army through a country) ; a — across, 
transitio, transitus, -us ; 2, = way, road, iter, 
via, aditus, -iis; 3, — of a book, locus, caput 
(= chapter); bird of — , avis adrena ; see Mi- 
gratory, passenger, n. 1, on the road, via- 
tor (on foot), vector (ou horseback, by carriage, 
ship) ; 2, after he has arrived, hospes, -itis. 
passing, n. 1, see Passage ; 2, in com- 
merce, permutatio (= exchange), venditio ( = 
sale), passport, n. by facultas (alcjs loci 
adcundi) data. password, n. tessera (= 
a token). past, I. adj. and n., praeteri- 
tus, ante actus (or as one word, anteactus, = 
done before), prior, superior (= last, e.g. last 
week) ; the — , praeterita, -orum ; the — time, 
tense, tempus praeteritum ; pardon for what is 
— , venia praeteritorum, rerum praeteritarum 
or ante actarum oblivio ; the — years, mini 
praeteriti (e.g. since one's birth, etc.), anni 
priores (= the last few years); during the — 
year, priore or sniperiore form ; during the 
time — , tempore praeterito (= the whole of it), 
prioribus town's (= during the last few years) ; 
during, in the — night, node priore. or supe- 
riore. II. adv. praeter (gen. only in comp. 
with verbs ; when in Lat. we form compounds 
with praeter and trans, praeter denotes the 
direction in which an object moves — another 
and at the same time removes from it, whilst 
trans expresses the direction from a certain 
point to the furthest end) ; to hurry — , praeter- 
volare; to drive — , v.tr. praeterveliire or trans- 
vehere, anything, praeter alqd ; v.intr. praetervehi 
or transvehi, anything, alqd ; the driving — , 
praetervectio ; to fly — , praetervolare ; to flow 
— , praehrfluere ; to lead — , praeterducire 
(Plant), transducire, — any place, praeter alqm 
locum; to go — a place, praeterire or transire 
alqm locum ; to let go — , to allow to pass, prae- 
termittere (lit. persons and things, then = nut to 
avail oneself of, through carelessness, e.g. an 
opportunity for, occasionem alcjs rei; the day 
appointed, "the term, diem), transitum alcjs rei ex- 
spectare (= to wait until anything is over, e.g. a 
storm, tempestatis), omittere (fig. = to lose, e.g. an 
opportunity, occasionem), dimittere(flg. = to allow 
to pass, because one fancies he is not in want 
of it, e.g. an opportunity, occasionem, occa- 
sionem fortund datam), amiltere(= not to heed, 
through carelessness, so as to be unable to 
make use of, e.g. occasionem ; the favourable 
moment, tempus), intermiltere(e.g. not a moment, 
nullum temporis punctum; not a day, without, 
etc., nullam diem, quin, etc.). III. as prep. 
praeter, trans, with aceus.; see above II. pas- 
time, n. Indus (= game), oblectamentum, oblec- 
tatio, delectamentum (rare). 

passion, n. 1, = suffering, perpessio, toleratio 
(Cic, both with the genit. of that which causes 
us to suffer); — of Christ, *passio or 'per- 
pessio; see Suffering ; 2, — excitement, animi 
concitatio, animi impetus, -us; stronger, auinii 
perturbatio, motus, -us, animi turbatus or pert ur- 
batus (= violent emotion in gen. ; animi affectio 
= disposition ; affection of the mind ; animi 
morns, commotio or permotio = mental excitement 
in gen.), cupiditas, cupido (= longing), libido (luh-, 
chiefly = sensual desire), temeritas (= rashness), 
intemperantia(= want of moderation, licentious- 
ness, opp. aequitas); = anger, ira, iracundia ; = 
fondness for, alcjs rei studium ; violent — , acer- 
rimns animi motus, -iis, vehemens animi im- 
petus, -us; disorderly, unruly — , Hbidines, -um; 
without — , aequo animo ; to rule over one's — , 
to conquer — , perturbatos animi motus cohibcre, 
cupidates co'ercere, cupiditatibns imperare, cen- 
tinentem esse (esp. with regard to sensuality) ; 
to be free from — , ab omni animi concitatione 



pas 



805 



pat 



vacurc, omni animi rtrturbatione liberum or 
lilicrotiim esse ; to act under the influence of — , 
citpidc itqcie; to go so far in one's — as, etc., 
ttiiilio sic effetrl. pa:.«icraato, adj. cupidus 
(= -cedy, eager), cmicito ut incitatus (=excited), 
impcteua (of one who cannot master liia passion, 
always with the genit., e.g. irae, laetiliae ; tlien 
that can net lie restrained, excessive, e.g. laetitia, 
poitulatum), velieinens, aniens, fiagrans (= eager, 
anient), iracundus, eerebrosus (—■ liot-tempered, 
hasty), studiosissiMtis ulcjs ret (= very much given 
to anything). Ad\\cnpide,cupidissime( = eBiger\y), 
studiose ( = \vit\i zeal), vehementer, ardenter, studio 
fiagranti( = with extreme zeal), iracufu2e(=hasti- 
ly), effuse or stronger effusissime (= beyond all 
bounds) ; to be — fond of anything, alci rei effuse 
indidgire (beyond all bounds, e.g. feasting, convi- 
viis), ulcjs rei esse studiosissimum, magna alcjs rei 
studio teneri ( = to be a great admirer of anything), 
alqd re maxime delectari (—■ to be quite delighted 
in); to love anyone — , effusissime alqm deligere 
(as a friend, etc.). passionatenoss, n. animi 
ardor, furor (in a high degree) ; — in contending 
for anything, ira et studium. passionless, 
adj. cupiditatis eyrpers, omni animi perturbations 
vacuus or liber, passive, adj. 1, by pati (e.g. 
affectus), accipiendi et quasi patiendi vim habere 
(= to have aptness to suffer, opp. movendi vim 
habere et efficiendi, Cic); to remain — , quiescere; 
in anything, alqd patienter ferre; under an in- 
sult, accepts, injurid alci ignoscere ; one who 
remains — , quietus; 2, — verb, verbum patiendi 
(opp. verbum agens, Aul. Gell.), patiendi modus 
(Quint.), verbum passivum (late Gram.). Adv. 
aequo animo, patienter ; see Passive, 1 ; in 
Gram., passive, passlveness, n. patientia; 
see Patience. 

Passover, n. * Pascha. 

paste. I. n. farina qud chartae glutinanlur 
(Plin.). II. v.tr. farind glutinare. 

pastor, n. 1, see Shepherd ; 2, * pastor ; 
see Preacher, pastorship, n. see Ministry. 
pastoral, I. adj. 1, pastoralis, pastoricius; in 
wider sense, agrestis, rusticus ; 2, quod ad pas- 
torem pertinet. II. n. = — poem, carmen buco- 
licum. 

pastry, n. panifichim(= bread-making), opus 
pistorium, cruslum ; = meat-pie, ar2ocreas(Pers.). 
pastry cook, n. crustulareus (Sen.); see 
Baker. 

pasturage, n. 1, = business of feeding 
cattle, respecuaria or pecuaria ; 2, see Pasture. 
pasture, I. n. pascuum, locus pascuus (in gen.), 
ager pascuus (= — land) ; common — land, ager 
compascuus. II. v.tr. pascere (lit. and flg.V 
III. v.intr. pastum ire, pabulari (= to graze), 
pasci (= to feed). 

pat, I. n. plaga levis. II. v.tr. perhaps per- 
mulcere (= to soothe, of patting a horse). III. 
adv. in tempore, opportune; see Fit, Conveni- 
ence. 

patch, I. n. pannus. II. v.tr. (re)sarcire, 
pannum alci rei assuere. patchwork", n. cento 
(= a coat patched together; in modern writers 
also a written work patched together from dif- 
ferent sources). 

patent, I. adj. 1, manifestus, apertus, clarus, 
certus ; see Open ; 2, res cui diploma datum 
est. II. n. 1, a letter — , = a public order, 
edictum ; to issue a — , edicere or edictxim pro- 
ponere, with -ut or ne (when anything is pro- 
hibited) ; 2, for some new invention, use dip- 
loma, -dtis, or libellus quo beneficium alqd datur 
(e.g. dare alci beneficium salis vendendi), or po- 
testas alcjs rei faciendae or vendendae. III. y. tr. 
by 8- wjth dare; see abpve, 



paternal, adj. pateniw, jiatrius ( = fatherly); 

— property, res puterno, buna (-orum) jiuterna, 
patrimonium ; — disposition, aninuii i*dernus in 
alqm (so animus maternus, fratenitu) , — love, 
amor paternus or patriut. 

path, n. via (= way in gen.), semilii, trames, 
■ itis, m. (= by-nad), callis, in. und f. (= footpath 
through a wood, etc.); the — of life, via vitae ; to 
stray from the — of virtue, de vi/i duedcre ; to 
follow the — of virtue, virtvlem scqui, vir- 
tuti operum dare; to lead anyone away from the 

— of virtue, alqm transversum agere (in gen.), 
alqm ad nequitiam adducere (= to lead to extra- 
vagances), pathless, adj. inrius; see Wat, 
Passage. 

pathetio, pathetical, adj. misericors 
(= pitiful), Jfcbilis, viacstus, tristis( = sad). Adv. 
Jlebiliter, maeste. pathos, n. maestitia, maeror, 
tristitia ; there was such — in his speech, tanta 
maestitia inerat orationi. 

pathologist, n. medicus qui valetudinis 
genera novit. pathology, u. * pathologia{t.t.). 

patience, n. patientia, toleranlia(= strength 
and perseverance in enduring calamity, etc. ; 
generally with genit., e.g. tolerantia doloris, in 
enduring pain), perseverantia (if we shrink 
from no difficulties, however great), aequus 
animus, aequitas animi (= a quiet mind not dis- 
turbed by anything); to have — with anyone, 
alqm and alcjs mores or naturam patienter ferre, 
or simply alqm ferre; — I i.e. wait! exspecta! 
mane! see Perseverance, patient, I. adj. 
paliens, tolerans, tolerabilis (rare, not in Cic, 
who, however, uses the adv. tolerabiliter). in any- 
thing, alcjs rei, placidus ; to be — , ex(s)pectare, 
maiierc( = to wait), giuescere( = tobequiet). Adv. 
patierder, toleranter, tolerabiliter, aequo animo( = 
with a calm mind, e.g. to put up with anything) ; 
to look at a tiling — , aequo animo spectare alqd ; 
to endure — , patienter or toleranter ferre alqd, 
patienter atque aequo animo ferre, and with 
pati ac ferre, pati et perferre, perferre ac pati, 
perferre patique alqd. II. n. aeger (= the sick 
person). 

patois, n. sermo rusticus. 

patriarch, n. patriarcha (Ecel.). patri- 
archal, adj. 1, patriarchalis (Eccl.); 2, flg. 
*grandaevus; see Old. 

patrician, adj. and n. patricius (opp. pie- 
beius) ; the — s, jxitricii. 

patrimony, n. hereditas(= inheritance), pa- 
trimonium( = inherited from the father). 

patriot, n. patriae or reipublicae amans, rei- 
publicae amicus (= who loves his own native 
country), ci vis bonus{=a good citizen, in general); 
to be a — , amare patriam, bene de republicd 
senlire. patriotic adj. patriae or reipublicae 
amans. Adv. patriae caus(s)d. patriotism, 
n. patriae amor or caritas (= love of one's own 
country), pietas erga patriam, in the context only 
pietas( = the duty which we have towards our own 
native country), reipublicae studium; if — is a 
crime, I have already sufficiently atoned for it, 
si scelestum est patriam amare, pertuli paenarum, 
satis ; to possess — , patriam amare, bene de re- 
publicd sentire. 

patristic, adj. patrum or quod ad patres 
pertinet. 

patrol, I. n. circiteres, circuitores Gate). II. 
v.intr. circumire stationes (= to examine and 
watch the outposts), circumire vigilias (= to 
examine the sentinels), circinnire urbem (=to 
go round the town). 

patron, % 1, = protector, palronus, fautor, 
cultor, amator, praeses, -idis, m. and f. (= guar« 
' ; -T- of the ie«rned, doctorwrn cultor ; 2, = 9 



pat 



806 



pec 



superior, as a feudal lord, *dominus feudi, or 
holder of church property, *patronus ; — saint, 
pratses, -xdis, m. patronage, n. = the sys- 
tem of patron and client, patrocinium, clien- 
Ma, pruesidivm, to be under the — , sub cdcjs 
fide et clienteld esse, patroness, n. patrona. 
patronize, v.tr. alqd gratia et auctoritate sud 
svstcntare. 

patronymic, adj. and n. patronymicum 
iwmen (Gram.). 

patten, n. lignea solea (= mere wooden sole 
tied under the feet), scidponca (= a kind of 
higher wooden shoe). 

patter, I. v.intr. crepare, crepitare, crcpltum 
dare ( = to clatter), strepire, strepilum dare (= to 
rattle;. II. n. crepitus, -us, strepitus, -us. 

pattern, n. 1, = example, txemplum, exem- 
plar, specimen, documentxtm, proplasma, -dtis, n. 
(of a sculptor, Plan.) ; to set a — , cxemplum p>ro- 
ponere ad imitandum; a — of excellence, ex- 
celkntiae specimen; 2, = sample, exemplum. 
' pancity, n. paucitas, or by adj. pauci. 

paunch, n. abdomen (proper term), venter 
(= stomach in gen.). 

pauper, n. see Poor, pauperism, n. 
see Poverty. . 
" pause, I. n. mora (= delay), respiratio, inter- 
spiratio (= interval in speaking, in order to take 
breath), distinctio (in music, Cic), intervallum ( = 
interval, e.g. to make a pause in speaking, inter- 
vallo dicere, e.g. dutincta alias et interpuncta in- 
tervaUa, morae respirationesque delectant, Cic. ; 
but as' regards music = stop), intermissio (when 
anything stops for a while), inUrcapcdo (= inter- 
val, interruption, e.g. to make a — in writing 
letters, in one's- correspondence, ixitercapcdincm 
scribendi facere). II. v.intr. moramfaCcre (= to 
niake a delay), inlersistcre (= to stop for a while, 
during a speech, etc., Quint.) ; to — in anything, 
moram facere in alqd re (in'paying, in solvendo), 
intermittere alqd (= to discontinue for a time), 
alqd fuciendi intercapedinem facere ; I do not — 
a single moment in my work during the night, 
nulla pars nocturni tempori ad laborcm intermit- 
tilur ; see Cease, Intermit. 

pave, v.tr. lapkle or silice (cm)stemere or 
persternere (in gen.), munire (= to make a road). 
pavement, n. pavimentum, t strata viarum, 
via strata (= paved road), paving, n. stra- 
tum (Suet.), paving-stone, n. saxximqxiad- 
ratum. 

pavilion, n. papilio (= a tent erected for 
pleasure in summer ; late) ; see Tent. 

paw, I. n. pes, pedis, m. (= foot), vng-ulq (= 
claw). II. v.tr. (solum, etc.) pedibus ferire. 

pawn, I. n. pignus, -iris, n. ; see Pledge. 
II. v.tr. alqd pignori dare or opponlre. pawn- 
broker, n. pignerator or qui pignora quae- 
stus caus(s)a accipit. (The Romans had no sys- 
tem of pawnbroking.) 

pawn, n. at chess, latrunexdus, latro. 

pay, I. v.tr. (per)solvere, exsolvere, dissolrere, 
pendere, dependere (= to weigh out), pensitare, 
mmerare, numerato solvere (in ready money) ; 
not to be able to — , nonesse solvendn or ad solven- 
dum; to — cash, praesenti pecxinid solvere, reprae- 
sentare ; to — a penalty, poenas dare or solvere ; 
to — for, = to give money for, alqd pro alqd re 
solvere ; = to atone for, luere ; to — for with one's 
life, alqd capiteluere; seeATONE. II. v.intr. frus- 
tum, ferre, quaesluosum, fructuosum esse. III. 
n. merces, -idi6, f. (= wages), stipendium (of a 
soldier), quaestus, -us (= gain), payable, adj. 
solvendus; a bill is — at sight, petunia ex syn- 
graplid solvtnda est. pay-day, n. dies quo 
inerces solvenda est, or dies alone if fixed by con- 



text, paymaster, n. 1, in gen. qui alqd 
solvit ; see Steward ; 2, in the army, tribunvs 
acrarius. payment, n. solutio, repraaentatio 
(= ready-money — ). 

pea, n. pisxtm (PliD.), cicer, -eris, D. (= chick- 
pea). 

peace, I. n. pax, otium (= leisure), concordia 
(= agreement) ; in — , in pace; to treat for — , 
agerc de jKicis condition ibns ; (o enter on — , inire 
pacem, ; to mako — , facere pacem; to keep or 
preserve — , pads fidem servare; to break — , 
pacem frangere, violare ; to have no — , turbari, 
rexari, from someone, ab alqo ; to leave a person 
in — , alqm non turbare ; to dismiss in — , ahpii 
cum pace demittere; articles of — , pads kges, 
conditiones; to bring — , ferre; to prescribe — , 
dicere; to accept — , accixxre; love of — , pacis 
amor; one who studies — , pads amans, con- 
gruens; to bind over tokcepthe — , pecunid devi 
cavere. II. interj. tace, tacete ! Pax! peace- 
able, adj. placidus, placabilis, cortcors. Adv. 
placide, concorditer, congmenter. peaceful, 
adj. pacatus, placidus, quietus, tranquillvs. Adv. 
placide, tpiiete, tro.nquille, cum (bond) pace. 
peacefulness, n., peacemaker, n. see 
Peace, peace-offering, n. piaculum, pla- 
camen ; see Treaty, Truce. 

peacock, n. pavo. 

peak, n. 1, generally by summits or extremus 
(= the uppermost or furthest part, etc., e.g. the 
— of the mountain, summum montisjvgum) ; see 
Summit, Top ; 2, = the end of anything that 
terminates in a point, apex ; see Point. 

peal, I. n. sonitus, -us, companarum (of 
bells) ; — of laughter, mchinnus; — of applause, 
plausiis clamorcs; — of thunder, tonitrus, -its, 
fragor (mostly poet.). II. v.tr. perhaps cam- 
panas movere or cicre. III. v.intr. son are. 

pear, n. pi-rum. pear-tree, n. pirus, f. 

pearl, n. margarita. pearly, adj. mar- 
garitum similis. 

peasant, n. agricola, m., agricvltor, in the 
context also simply cidtor(= countryman, in re- 
ference to his occupation ; poetic, ruricola), rusti- 
cus (both in reference to his occupation and to his 
manners, hence = an uncultivated person, with- 
out refinement, in opp. to urbanus, a refined 
civilian), agrestis (in reference to his dwelling iu 
the country ; also with regard to his rude man- 
ners), rustkanus (= brought up in the country), 
paganus, vicanus (= villager, opp. oppidanus). 
peasantry, n. rustici, agrestes. 

pease, n. see Pea. 

pebble, n. calcidvs, lapillus. 

peccadillo, n. culpa, delictum; see Fault. 
peccant, adj. peccans. 

peck, I. n. = a measure, perhaps semodius. 
II. v.tr. rostro lundere (= to strike) or caedere, 
vellicare. 

pectoral, adj. pecioralis (Cels.). 

peculation, n. pcculatus, -us (publicus); to 
commit — , pecunium avertere, peexdari; to be 
accused of — , peexdatusaccusari; see Embezzle. 

peculiar, adj. 1, = belonging to a person, 
proprins (= both what belongs to anyone as his 
property and what is — to him, in Cic. only 
with geiiit.), mens, txius, suus(— proprius), comb. 
proprins et meus, praecipuus et jroprius (= par- 
ticular and — ), peexdiaris (- what anyone pos- 
sesses as his own, esp. of one's own earnings), 
comb. 7>eei< liaris et proprius, privatus ( = what 
belongs to anyone as his own property, opp. 
publicus), singnlaris( = what belongs to anyone as 
his characteristic feature); this failing is nut 
merely — to old people, id quidem non propriv.m 



pec 



807 



pen 



senectutis est vitium; it is — to man, etc., est 
naturd sic generuta hominis vis, etc. (Cic), to 
every mau, cujusvis hominis est (d.g. to err, 
irrurc, Cic.) ; see Particular, Special; 2, = 
singular, minis, novus ; see Strange. Adv. 
pracsertim, maxime, imprimis (in primis), 
■mirum in modum, mire, peculiarity, n. pro- 
prictas(= peculiar nature of anything), natura 
(= natural state, cliaracteristic feature) ; what is 
a noble — in liis style, quod orationi ejus exim- 
ium inest ; everyone should as much as possible 
preserve his own — , id quemque maxime decct 
quod est cujusque maxime suum. 

- pecuniary, adj. pecuniarius, praemium pe- 
cuniae or rei pecuuiariae ; to make large — 
rewards to anyone, munera pecuniae magna alci 
dure, praemia rei pecuuiariae magna alci tri- 
bucre. 

pedagogue, n. pacdagogus (= the slave 
who accompanied a child to school ; used also 
by Plaut. in something of the modern sense of 
— ); magister (= master); see Pedant, Edu- 
cate, School. 

pedant, n. homo ineptus (qui aut tempus quid 
postulet, non videt, aut plura loquitur, aut se 
attentat, aut eorum, quibuscum est, vel dignitatis 
rei commodi rationcm non liabet, aut denique in 
alqo genere inconcinuus aut midtus est, is ineptus 
esse dicitur, Cic.) ; homo putidus(= who tries the 
patience of his hearers or readers to the utmost, 
through his pedantic manner), pedantic, 
adj. ineptus, putidus, moleslus; to have nothing 
— , nihil habere molest iarum nee ineptiarum; 
see Affected. Adv. inepte, pidide, moleste. 
pedantry, n. ineptiae (in gen.), jactatio putida 
(= idle ostentation), violestia ( = affectation), 
morositas (= niceness), molesta or (stronger) mo- 
lestissima diligentiae pcrversitas (= unnecessary 
Care and trouble, so as to be wearisome to 
others) ; exact, conscientious, but without — , 
diligens sine molest id; see Affectation. 

pedestal, n. of a column, etc., basis, stylo- 
bates, -is, m. 

pedestrian, adj. and u. a — , pedes, -Wis, in.; 

— tour, iter pedestre ; to begin a — tour, iter 
pedibus ingredi ; to make a — tour, iter pedibus 
faciie, conjicere. 

pedigree, n. stemma gentile or simply 
stemma (Sen.) ; to repeat one's whole — off by 
heart, memoriter progeniem suam ab avo atque 
atavo proferre. 

pedlar, n. inslltor. 

peel, I. n. cutis (Plin.), corium (Plin.), tunica, 
errata (e.g. glandis, Plin.), putamen (= shell 
of nuts, etc.). II. v.tr. putamen, cutem, etc., 
alci rei detrahere (fruit, eggs); to — a tree, cor- 
ticevi arbori in orbem (all round) detrahere, de- 
corticare arborem or delibrare arborcm. III. 
v.intr. cutem (paul(l)atim) (de)ponere. peeling, 
n. decorlicatio. 

peep, I. v.intr. prospiccre ; to — forth, 
enitcre, emicare (= to shine), apparcre, conspici, 
conspicuum esse (= to be seen, the latter two esp. 
of objects that are very conspicuous) ; to — at 
anything, alqd intueri, oculis percurrerc. II. n. 
1, a(d)sp>ectits, -its, conspectus, -us; to take a — 
at, alqd oculis percurrere, oculos in alqd con- 
(j)icere ; see Look ; 2, = beginning at — of day, 
diluculo, primd luce. 

peep, v.intr., of chickens, pipare, pipire. 

peer, n. 1, = equal, par ; 2, = noble, units 
e patriciis or nobilibus; house of — s, senatus, 
-us. peerage, u. by gradus, -us (e.g. to raise 
to the — , alqm ad amplissimum gradum pro- 
ducere. peerless, adj. cui par inveniri non 
yokst l v.nicus. Adv. unice, 



peer, v.intr. (pci)scrutar-j alqd; see Ex- 
amine. 

peevish, adj. stomachosus, morosus, difficilis, 
iracundus; see' Ill-temper. Adv. stomuchose, 
morose, iracunde; see Sensitive, Irritable. 
peevishness, n. stomuchus, morositas, difficul- 
tas, ira, iracundiu. 

peg, I. n. paxillus (small, for driving into 
the ground), cultellus ligneus. II. v.tr. see 
Fasten. 

pelf, n. lucrum. 

pelisse, n. pallium or pallium ex pelcibus 
factum. 

pell-mell, adv. jiroww'scKe ( = promlscu- 
ously), con/use, pennixte (= without order), pas- 
sim (= in all directions) ; lying there — .promis- 
cuus, confusus, permixtus ; we may also form 
compounds with per or cum (e.g. to mix — , 
miscere, permiscere, commiscere), to mix — every- 
thing, miscere omnia ac iurbare. 

pellucid, adj. \pellucidus; see Trans- 
parent. 

pelt, v.tr. lapides in alqm jaccre, con(j)icere, 
alqm lajddibus petere. pelting, ad j. (of rain) 
muximus, or less strongly iiuignus imber. 

pen, I. n. 1, * penna (scriptoria) (not in use 
till the 7th century), calamus, stilus (of metal) ; 
to dip a — in ink, calamum inlingere (Quint.) ; 
2, = fold, saeptum (sep-). II. v.tr. 1, scribere ; 
sec Write ; 2, = to fold, sueptis (scp-) includcre. 
pen-knife, n, see Knife, penman, n. 
qui scribit. penmanship, i>. ars bene scri- 
btndi. 

penal, adj. — law, lex poetudis (Jet.). 
ponalty, n, poena, damnum, multa (mulcta) 
(the two latter = the — inflicted upon any- 
one, damnum as a punishment inflicted, multa ' 
= both the loss the person suffers, and tho 
indemnification for the person aggrieved); to 
inflict a — , alqm alqd re multarc. penance, 
n. satisfactio ( = penalty for injuries done, 
Eccl. term = penance), multa (mulcta) (— penal- 
ty), poena (in gen. ss penalty paid by anyone), 
piaculum (= atonement) ; to order anyone to 
do — , piaculum ab alqo exigcre. penitence, 
n. paenitentia- (in gen.) ; see Repentance. 
penitent, adj. paenitens (= repenting); Alex- 
ander was so — after he had murdered Clitus, 
that he was about to kill himself, interempto 
Cllto Alexander manus vix a se abstinuit, tantcc 
vis erat paenitendi. penitential, adj. (quod) 
pacnitentiam declarat. penitentiary, n. 
career, -eris, in. (= prison), defining further 
sense by context. 

pence, n., see Penny. 

pencil, n. 1, of painter, pen icillus (or -urn); 
see Painter ; 2, for writing, stilus (see Pen). 

pendant, n. stalagmium (Plaut.), inaures, 
-ium, f. (= car-ring). 

pending, I. adj. 1, in law, res delata est 
aajudicem ; the matter is still — , adhuc sub 
judice Us est ; 2, in commerce, nondum exjteditus 
or confectus. II, prep, per with accus. ( = 
during), nondum with part. (e.g. — tho decision 
of the court, lis nondum judicata), dum, donee 
( = until, e.g. — his return, dum redeat). 

pendulous, adj. pendulus. 

pendulum, n., perhaps perpendiculum (not 
class.). 

penetrability, n., by penetrable, adj. 
penttrabilis, pcrvius (where there is a road 
through, opp. inviiu). penetrate, I. v.tr. 
penetrare, permanare in with accus., perradere 
per or simply with accus. (to — all parts of the 
body ; poison — s every limb of the body, venp 



peii 



808 



peo 



num. cunctos artus pervadit or in omnes partes 
permanat); the draught — s the veins, potio 
venas occupat ; to — the mind, penetrare in ani- 
mos (of a speaker's address, etc.) ; — d (with 
grief, joy, etc.), commotus, ictus, percussus, perfu- 
sus. II. v.intr. (with an effort) penetrare, through 
a place, per alqm locvin,to a place, ad alqm locum 
or in alqm locum; pervadcre alqm locum or per 
alqm locum (= to go through a place, both of per- 
sons and things),«xa«rfiri(=tobehcard),nrf aures 
pervadcre (of the echo, e.g. clamor urban perva- 
dit), translucere(ot the light), imperceptibly, per- 
Jerri in alqm locum( = to spread as far as) ; with 
force, irruere, irrumpere in alqm locum (the latter 
two of a large number ; all three of persons and 
things), descendcre in or ad alqd (= to descend 
down to — , of persons and things) ; the cry — s 
into their ears, clamorem exaudiunt ; tho cry — s 
into the camp, clamor in castra perfertur ; to — 
into the future, futuri temporis gnarumesse; to 

— into a country, progredi, procedure, prorum- 
pere (the latter = to rush forth with violence) ; 
se. insinuare (by stealth, e.g. into the affections, 
etc., also lit.), penetrating, adj. 1, of cold, 
etc., penetralis, penetrabilis, acutus, accr, maxi- 
mus, gravis ; 2, fig. sagax, acutus, astutus, calli- 
dus, sol{l)ers, perspicax ; see Sagacious, Acute. 
penetration, n. acies, acumen (e.g. ingenii), 
sagacitas, sol(l)ertia, perspicacitas. penetra- 
tive, adj. gravis, vehemens (of a sermon, etc.); 
see Impressive, penotrativeness, u., the 

— of judicial pleadings uculei oratorii acforenses 
(Cic). 

peninsula, n. peninsula, peninsular, 
adj., by circuml. with peninsula. 
penny, n. as, nummus (sestertius) ; not a 

— (I give, etc.), ne mummum quidem; to the 
last — (or fur, liiiig), ad nummum (i.e. to agree, 
conrenire); to i.uy to tho last — , ad assem 
solvere. 

pension, I fl. annuum ( = yearly pay- 
ment, Plin. M'i., Suet., more usual in pi.). 
II. v.tr. annua, etc., aid praebcre. pen- 
sioner, n. cu , annua praebentur. 

pensive, adj. in cogitatione (or cogitationi- 
bus) dejixus, subtristis {— somewhat sad, ante and 
post class.) ; see Thoughtful. Adv. use adj. 
pensiver.eSa, n. cogilatio ( = thought), tristi- 
tia { = sadness). 

pentagon, n. penlagon(i)um (or pentago- 
nion, late), pentagonal, adj. quinqnangu- 
Ins (Gram.). 

pentameter, n. (versus) pentameter (Quint.). 

pentateuch, n. pentatewhus (Eccl.). 

Pentecost, n. dies penlacostes, pentneoste 
(Eccl.). 

penthouse, n. tugurium parieti affixum, 
as luilit. term, vinea. 

penuK -.a, n. by pemdtimvs(opp. ultimus, 
Aul. Gell. ; penultima, sc. syllaba). 

penurious, adj. parens, sordidus, avans, 
tenux; see Nigcardly. Adv. sordide, avare, 
parce, parce ac tenuitcr. penuriousness, n. 
sordes, -is, f. (usu. in pf), tcnacitas, tenuitas 
victus (in one's mode of living) ; see Niggardli- 
ness, Meanness, Parsimony-, penury, n. 
inopia, egestas (victus or rerum necessariarum 
penuria); see Poverty. 

peony, n. paconia (Plin.). 

people, I. n. as a large number in gen., vis 
(sscrowd, of men and animals), copiae (=troops, 
soldiers), vulgus, -i, n. (= the great, mass of 1he 
— , in opp. to those of a higher position, e.g. the 
soldiers in opp. to the commissioned oflicers), 
pkbs, -is, f . ( = the common — ) ; the — , homines 



(= men mgm.),homunculi,homunciones(ina.con- 
temptuous sense) ; the young — , adolcscentuli ; 
the — of Greece, Graeci ; the towns — , oppidani 
( = the inhabitants of the town), ci ves (= citizens); 
the — in the village, vicani ; the — in the 
country, rustici, jxigani (— peasants) ; before the 
— , palam (= not in secret), coram omnibus (=in 
the presence of all), in oculis or ante oados omnU 
mn; very often in Latin the gen. term homines is 
left out with adjs., e.g. many — , multi ; all tho 
— , onmes ; good — , boni ; when qui follows, e.g. 
there are — who say, sunt qui dicant; there nrs 
— who believe, sunt qui cxistiment ; when we 
make a wide and general statement, when " — " 
= "one," e.g. — say, dicunt ; — report, nar- 
rant ; the — , = thoso who belong to anyone, 
anyone's household, or servants or relations, 
etc. , alcjs familia ( = anyone's servants, etc., all 
together, Caes.), alcjs famidi, ministri( = ser- 
vants), alcjs comitas, qui alqm comitantur (= those 
who accompany anyone, attendants), alcjs milites 
(=soldiers) ; my, your, etc., — ,mei, tui ; plcbecula 
(contemptuous), in the name of the — , publice ; 
a man of the lower orders, of the — , homo 
plebeius (according to his descent), homo de plebe 
(according to his rank); the language of the 
common — , sermo ]>lebcius ; a number of — 
forming one body as it were, gens, natio (e.g. 
exterae nationes et gentcs, Cic.) ; populus (forming 
a State, all the free-born citizeus together who 
are united through the same form of govern- 
ment, e.g. Scipio Hergetum gentem cum infesto 
exercitu invasisset, compulsis omnibus, Athana- 
giam urbem, quae caput ejus popxdi erat, circum- 
sedit, Liv. ; where gentem = a — of the same 
origin or race, but which as a State, populus, 
had a capital; one gens may comprise several 
populos), in the pi. also comb, jtopuli nationesque ; 
when we speak of one particular — or nation, 
we may also render — in Latin by nomen(-= name, 
i.e. anything, everybody who has or goes by 
that name, e.g. Hannibal the mortal enemy of 
the Roman — , Hannibal inimicissimus nomini 
liomano, Nepos), also comb, gens ac nomen (e.g. 
Nerviorum, Caes.) ; belonging to our — , nation, 
nostras; see Nation ; a riot caused by the — , 
tumultus, -its; a decree of the whole — , populi 
scitum, plebiscitum (decreed by the great mass of 
the — [in opp. to a decree of the senate], and 
which had been adopted by majority, after it 
had been proposed by the presiding magistrate), 
populi jussum (inasmuch as the — collec- 
tively had the right of commanding the senate 
to confirm a decree adopted by them, after 
which every citizen was obliged to obey the 
same), comb, populi scitum jussum que ; the 
power of the — , populi or popularis potestas (see 
Power). II. v.tr. 1, coloniam or colonos dedu- 
ccre or mittire alqo ( = to send out a colony), or 
locum incolis frequentare (in sense of tilling a 
place with inhabitants) ; 2, fig. complrre (= to 
fill); 3, = Inhabit; see Populate, peopled, 
adj. see Populous, populace, n. plebs (— 
commons), mdgus.-i, n. (= mob) ; dregs of the 
— , populi faex or sentina. popular, adj. 1, 
= belonging to the people, popularis ; the — 
party, populares: 2, = a general favourite, popu- 
laris (rare), populo or in vulgus gratus or uccep- 
tus ; to be — , gratia multum apud alqm valere, 
or gratid plurimum jjosse ; to become — , gratiam 
ab alqo or in or apud alqm inire ; 3, = suited to 
the common understanding, of style, etc., ad 
commune judicium accommodatus. Adv. popula- 
ritcr. popularity, n. gratia {— influence), 
populi Juvor or studium; breath of — , t aura 
jwpula.ris; to gain — , gratiam ab alqo, ad or 
apud alqm inire. populate, v.tr. frequentare 
(iiirolis) ; to — a place with settlers, colonial 
or colonos deduci're, mitten alqo (tlje fonper if ll|n 



pep 



809 



per 



person himself lead a oolony anywhere); see 
People II. population, n. 1, colnnorum 
deduitio in locu in (when a colony is established 
anywhere); 2, vvultitudo (= multitude), frequeu- 
tin .= large multitude), ciuium or incolwrum im- 
'merus ( = number of resident inhabitants), dies 
(— citizens), incolac(— inhabitants); seePEOPLE ; 
the town has a sufficient — , urbi frequent ia 
suppetit. populous, adj. frequens (opp. 
desert us), celeber (of a place through which there 
is a heavy traffic, much visited, e.g. a street, etc., 
opp. descrtus). populousness, n. celebritas 
hominurn or civiumfrequentia (where there is a 
large attendance). 

pepper, I. n. piper, -eris, n. cruet, — 

box, pyxis piperis. II. v.tr. pipere condire. 

per, a Latin prep., which, as a prefix in 
English, means 1, = Thorough, Thoroughly, 
which see; 2, = by ; per annum, a year, see 
Annual ; — week ; see Weekly. 

peradventure, adv. forte, fortasse, forsitan ; 
see Perhaps. 

perambulate, v.tr. transire, iter facere per 
alqm, locum ( = to travel through, peragrare 
( = to wander through, in gen.), obire ( = 
through a country, etc., in order to see it, 
on foot, pedibus), (per)lustrare (in order to 
look about), percurrere (quickly, also percurrere 
celeriter), pervolare (in a hurry), circumire (all 
round), pervagari (in a place), perambula- 
tion, n. lustratio, perugraiio, transit us, -«s( = 
passage through, etc.). 

perceivable, adj. quod sentiri or sensibus 
vercipi potest, sensibilis( = what can be felt, the 
latter first in Vitruv.). perceive, v.tr. sentire, 
se>isibus percipere (with the senses, in gen.), 
aiiribus percipere, audire (with the ears), oculis 
percipere, videre (= to see), cernere (= to see 
more distinctly) ; to — the course of the stars, 
cursus stellarumnotare ; fig. with the understand- 
ing, animadvertere ( = to direct one's thoughts 
to a certain thing ; with the part, when I — a 
thing in a particular state ; with the aceus. and 
infin. when I — through what I have heard, etc.), 
cognoscere{= to lean), to know ; to obtain a clear 
perception of anything), seutire(= to feel, to see, 
alqd or de alqd re), videre (= to see, to under- 
stand); to — clearly, perspicere, conspicere (= 
to behold), observare ( = to observe), intelle- 
gere (intellig-) (= to comprehend), percep- 
tibility, n. by perceptible, adj. insignis, 
conspicuous (= conspicuous), manifest us (= mani- 
fest); see Clear. Adv. manifeste; see Clearly. 
perception,!), gen. by verbs, by percipere ; 
6ee Sensation, Notion, Idea, perceptive, 
adj. by verbs. 

perch, I. n. 1, a measure of length = 5£ 
yards ; pertica (very late); 2, for hens, pertica 
(gallinaria). II. v.intr. aki rei insidere ( = 
to settle on), alci rei insidere (— to r_emain on). 

perch, n. — a fish, perca (Plin.). 

perchance, adv. see Peradventure. 

percolate, I. v.tr. see Strain. II. v.iutr. 
permauure. percolation, n. percolatio, or by 
verb. 

percussion, n. ictus, --us (= blow), pulsus, 
-lis (= push) ; see Shock. 

perdition, u. exitiwn, interitus, -iis, per- 
il icies. 

peremptory, adj. 1, confidens, arrogans; 
to give — orders, definite praecipere or diligenter 
mandare alqd, or in a stronger sense, arroganter 
praecipere ; 2, a — judgment, judicium, plenum, 
arrogantiae ; to judge in a — manner, arrogan- 
tius judicare. Adv. confidenter, arroganter; 
eee Absolute, Positive, Decisive. 

26* 



perennial, adj. perennis. Adv. by adj. or 

perpetuo ; see Always. 

perfect, I. adj. plcnus (in gen. of anything 
that is neither deficient as regards the contents, 
nor in number or size), integer ( = not mutilated, 
complete), absolutus, perfectus, comb, absolutus 
et perfectus, perfectus utque absolutus, expletus et 
perfectus, perfectus cunndatusque, perfectus com- 
pletusque ( as having the highest perfection, com. 
pleted), verus, germanus ( = real, genuine) ; to 
make anything — , alqd absolvere (so that no. 
thing can be said to be wanting, e.g. beneficium, 
kindness), cumulare alqd ( = to crown, fig., e.g. 
the pleasure, gaudium). Adv. plene, absolute, 
perfecte, or by superl. in sense of "quite" 
(e.g. — right, rectissime. II. v.tr. excolere (— to 
develop further, e.g. the art of oratory, onatio- 
nem), conficere, perficere; to — anyone in know- 
ledge, augere alqm scientid. III. n. Gram. t.t. 
praeteritum perfectum (Quint.), perfection, 
n. integritas ( = completeness), absolutio, per- 
feclio, absolutio perfectioque ( = highest degree of 
— ; — of virtue, virtus, -utis, perfecta cumu- 
lataque; to bring anything to — , alqd absolvere 
or perficere. 

perfidious, adj. perfidus, perfidiosus ( = 
faithless, opp.: fidelis), infidus (= not trust- 
worthy, opp. fidus). Adv. perfide, perfidiose ; 
see Treacherous, perfidy, n. perfidia ( = 
faithlessness, with which anyone breaks a 
solemn promise), infidelitas ( = want of faith) ; 
to show — , perfide or fraudulenter agere. 

perforate, v.tr. = to bore through, tere- 
brare (with a borer, and also otherwise, e.g. an 
apple with the finger), perterebrare (with the 
borer), perforare ( = to make holes in, in gen.). 

perforce, adv. vi, per vim, necessario, or by 
invitus or compulsus, coactus. 

perform, v.tr. (per)agere (= to do, e.g. busi- 
ness, negotium), gerere[ = to be the support of 
anything, as it were, e.g. negotium), obire (= ty 
undergo), alqd praestare (— to discharge, e.g. oJJU 
cium), (per)fungi alqd re ( = to discharge, to dis- 
charge with zeal), administrare (^ to adminis- 
ter), exsegu£(= to carry out; all these, negotium, 
mumis), conficere (= to accomplish, e.g. negoti- 
um); to — one's'auties, res suas obire, ofiicia sua 
exsequi; to — a business for anyone (at anyone's 
request), negotium alcjs procurare; to — a part, 
partes agere, in scaend (seen-) esse (on the stage) ; 
to — tho part of an accuser, partes accusatoris 
obtlnere ; to — sacred rites, sacra facere ; see 
Do, Execute, Accomplish, Discharge, Fulfil, 
performance, n. = the act of — , actio, a<J-> 
rniii istratio (=the administering), confectia (=thq 
accomplishing), perfunctio ; — of a business fop 
another (at his request), procunilio ; r? tho 
thing itself which is performed, actio, negotium 
( = business), officium( = duty), ministeriwn ( = 
service); a — on the stage, fabula ( = the piece 
played), with agi (e.g. during the — , dum fabula 
agitur); togivea — ,fabulamdare. performer, 
n. 1, in gen. actor, auclor, confector, or by Per^. 
form ; 2, arlismusicae peritus, or, in gen. alcjs rei 
artifex (e.g. canendi), alcjs rei )vrilissimus (e.g. 
cantandi), acrodma, -litis, n. (lit. = a conceit, 
then also the person who gives it, singer, mini 
strel, player). 

perfume, I. n. odor (odos), unguentum( — 
ointment). II. v.tr. oiloribus perfundere (with 
sweet smells) ; t sujfire (by burning — ). per- 
fumer, n. 1, who perfumes, by verbs; 2, qui 
merces odorum venditat, myropola,-ae, m, (Plaut.), 
unguentarius. 

perfunctory, adj. neglegens (ntglig-); see 
Negligent. 

perhaps, adv. fortasse, forsitan, \forsan 



per 



810 



per 



(fortasse also with numbers ; the latter gener- 
ally with suhj. ; fortassis is very little used, and 
forsan is poetical ; we cannot say forte for fortasse 
in gen., as forte can in gen. only be used after si, 
nisi, ne [not after nam], in which case we could 
not say fortasse), hand scio an, nescio an (= I 
don't know whether, etc.). to express a modest 
assertion, with which we must use nullus, nemo, 
numquum (nunq-), whilst according to the 
English " — someone, etc., or. I don't know 
whether anyone, etc.," we might be led to say, 
villus, quisquam, umquam ; whether — some- 
one, somebody, after the verbs " to ask (quae- 
rere) " and " to search, explore (percontari)," by 
ecqu is (or ecqui), ecquae (oxecqua), ecquid; youask 
whether — there be any hope? quacris eequa spes 
sit ? — someone, — anyone, forsitan quispiam, 
alqs forte ; — may also be rendered by aliquando 
(some time, or quando after si or ne), circiter, 
fere, or ferine (in approximate estimations as 
regards time and numbers ; see Almost) ; fere 
and feme also in gen. when we speak in an un- 
certain manner, e.g. he spoke — in this way, in 
lianc fere sententiam locutus est ; unless — , nisi 
forte, nisi si ; if — , si forte ; — because, etc. ? 
an quod, etc. ? — not, etc. ? (at the beginning 
of a principal sentence, in a direct question, 
which serves as an answer at the same time), 
an. 
pericardium, n. * pericardium (not class.). 

peril, n. see Danger, Risk, perilous, adj. 
see Dangerous. 

period, n. 1, in astronomy, amhitus, -us, 
circnihts, -its; 2,= a portion of time, tempus 
(= time, space of time in gen.), or tempara, tern- 

pestas ( = a time with regard to certain signs, 
circumstances, epoch), uetas(— age), spatium tem- 
poris ( = space of time) ; no — of my life, nullum 
aetatis meae tempvs ; 3, in chronology; see 
Time, Epoch ; 4, in gram, pc-riodus (Quint.), 
in Cic. only in Greek, wept'oSos, rendered by 
him by (verhorum) ambitus, or (verhorum or 
orationis) circuitus, or (vevborum) comprehen- 
sio or cirenmscriptio or continuatio, or ver- 
borum or orationis orbis, or circuitus et quasi 
orbis verhorum ; a well-flowing and rounded — , 
apta et quasi rotunda construciio ; structure of 
the — , (verhorum) compositio (Quint.), peri- 
odical, adj. what returns at stated intervals, 
sollemnis (sol(l)enn-), e.g. — diseases, morbi 
tempore certo or stato recurrentes ; — writings, 
papers, periodicals, ephemerides, -km; see Jour- 
nal ; — winds, venti qui magnam partem temporis 
in certis locis flare consurverunf. Adv. certis 
temporibus. 

peripatetic, adj. peripateticus ; the — s, 
Peripatetici. 

periphery, n. perimctros (Vitr.). 

periphrasis, n. see Paraphrase. 

perish, v.intr. perire (e.g. by illness, morho), 
interire (stronger than perire, = complete anni- 
hilation), cadere( = to fall, principally in battle), 
occidere (=■ to die in the presence of others, e.g. in 
battle), occidi, interfici, necari(=to be killed; see 
Kill) ; to — in the war, hello cadere, in bello 
occidere; absumi alqd re (= to be swept away 
through, etc., e.g. fame, veneno ; through illness, 
through pestilence, morbo, pestilentici) ; more — 
from hunger than by the sword, plures fames 
quam ferrum absumpHt. perishable, adj. 
quod corrvmpi potest, flurus (= inconstant, e.g. 
gloria), fragilis ( = frail), comb, fluxus et (or at- 
que) fragilis, caducus, infirmxis (= weak), comb. 
caducus et infirmus, brevis( = short, e.g. ovinia 
quae habent speciem gloriae contemne, brevia, /»- 
gacia, caduca existima, Cic). perishable- 



ness, n. fragilitas, brcritas ( = shortness, e.g. 
of life), injirmitas ( = weakness). 

peristyle, n. peristijl(i)um. 

periwinkle, n. a plant, vinca j'ervinca (or 
as one word, vincapervinca, Plin.). 

perjure, v.tr. falsvm jnrarc (in gen.), peje- 
rare or perjurare, perjuriumfaclre. perjured, 
adj. pcrjurus. perjury, u. falsvm jusjuran- 
dum (in gen.), perjurium. 

perky, adj. prater vus ; see Saucy. 

permanency, n. pcrpeluitas ( = without in- 
terruption), perennitas, diuturniias, longinquitos 
(— for a length of time), stabilitas. perma- 
nent, adj. by permancre, or by perpetuus, peren- 
nis, diiUurnus, longinquus, stabilis ; see Con- 
stant. Adv. perpctuo. 

permeability, n., permeable, adj. 
t jxnetrabilis ; see Penetrate. 

permissible, adj. licitus ( = allowed), con- 
cessus ( = granted) ; to be — , licitum esse, 
livcre. permission, n. concessio ( = conces- 
sion), permissio (very rare ; the substs. concensus 
and permissus only in the ablat. sing.) ; potestas, 
copia(— power given anyone) ; arbitrivm. (= free 
will to do a thing), Uccntia{= entire liberty to do 
what one likes); to give anyone — , veniam, 
potestatem, licentiam alci dare, for or to, alcjs rei 
faciendae, potestatem alci facere, eoncedere, licen- 
tiam alci eoncedere, licentiam edei permittere. 
ut, etc., alci alqd pcrmittcre, eoncedere (see 
Permit) ; to give children — to play, pueris 
ludendi licentiam dare; to have the — , mihi 
licet, permissum, concessum est ; with your — , 
permissu et concessit tuo, si per te licitum erit, 
pace tud ; without anyone's — (to do a thing, 
etc.), injttssit alcjs ; contrary to my — , me invito. 
permissive, adj. by verbs, permit, v.tr. 
sinere (with infin.), eoncedere alqd alci or ut ( = to 
concede, generally after a request has been 
made, opp. repugnare), permittere (dat. or ut, = to 
allow anything to be done, opp. vitare), faculta- 
tern dare or potestatem facere alcjs rei, alcjs rei 
veniam dare or dare lianc veniam ut (= to show 
indulgence in anything) ; see Allow. 

permutation, n. (pcr)mutatio. 

pernicious, adj. pcrniciosus{— ruinous), exi- 
liosus ( = leading to a tragical end, e.g. conspi- 
racy), exitUMs, exitiabilis(of such a kind as to be 
likely to lead to a tragical end, e.g. wax), fanes- 
*ks(= bringing grief over a great many, e.g. tri- 
buneship), damnosus, to anyone, alci (= causing 
injury, e.g. helium). Adv. perniciose, exitiose, 
funeste. perniciousness, n. vis nocendi, also 
by circumloc. with nocere ; who does not see thu 
— of this thing f gin's non intellegit hanc rem 
nocere ? 

peroration, n. peroratio, cpilogus, conclusio. 

perpendicular, adj. ' directus (ad perpen- 
diculum). 

perpetrate, v.tr. alqd committere or in so 
admittere ; see Commit, perpetration, n. by 
verb, perpetrator, n. of a crime, auclur 
facinoris or delicti, in the context avctor ; by 
circumloc. qui, quae facinus or flagitium or sccius 
commisit ; qui, quae facinus in se admisit. 

perpetual, adj. perpetuus ; see Continual. 
Adv. perpetuo; seeALWAvs. perpetuate, v.tr. 
alqd perpetuum redden, cqntinuure (=to carry 
on beyond the usual time), perpetuation, 
n. by verb, perpetuity, n. perjietuitas ; see 
Duration, Eternity. 

perplex, v.tr. 1, of matters; see Confuse ; 
2, of persons, afcjs mentem animumque pertur- 
bare, percutere, distrahere, sol(l)icitare, in per- 
lurbat ionem. con(J)icere ; with talking, o? - o(iori» 



per 



811 



per 



diferre. perplexing, adj. difficilis, perj&uw, 
impeditus, ancepg, ductus, perplexity, u. 
sol(l)icitudo ( = anxiety), dub i tat to ( = doubt) ; 
see Douut. 



pecunta extraordinaria, or in tlie plur. pecuniae 
extraordinariae (of a public functionary, Cic), 
peculium (= the private property of a child 
cr slave). 

perry, n. vinum expiris factum. 

persecute, v.tr. insectari ( = to pursue with 
hostile intentions), insequi ( = to pursue close at 
one's heels), vexare ( = to vex, to tease unceas- 
ingly); violently, vehementius premere or rexare 
ulqm ; to — with insults, alqm verbis contumeliosis 
prosequi, alqm maledictis or contumeli is insectari, 
alqmprobris et maledictis vexare. persecution, 
n. insectalio ( — pressure), vexatio( = vexation). 
persecutor, n. vexator ( = who teases), in- 
sectator. 

perseverance, n. pcrsevcrantia ( = not 
shrinking from any difficulty, however great), 
permansio (in- sententid), constanlia ( = con- 
sistency, constancy), assiduitas (= assiduity), 
pertinacia ( = pertinacity, in defending an 
opinion), pervieaeia ( = utmost — in trying to 
accomplish a thing or to guin a victory), 
obstiuatio, obstinatior voluntas, obstinatus ani- 
mus ( = firm, obstinate in a resolution once 
formed ; in a bad sense = obstinacy), pati- 
entia ( = patience ; e.g. in one's work, laho- 
ris), virtus, -litis ( = in undergoing trouble in 
gen.), persevere, v.intr. perseverare (proper 
term), constare (with and without sibi, — to be 
always the same), perstare, consist? re, persistere 
(= to insist upon), (perVnanero (=to remain 
firm in ; all these generally in alqd re), pergere. 
persevering, adj. perseverans, constans, as- 
siduus (= who does not lose his hold, e.g. an 
enemy, an accuser), tcnax edejs rei (= clinging 
fast to anything), pertinax, pervicax, obstinatus. 
Adv. with pers., perseveranter, constanter, fir- 
miter, offirmato animo, pertinaciter, pervicaeius, 
obstinate, obstinato animo. 

persist, v.intr. see Persevere, persist- 
ence, n. see Perseverance. 

person, n. 1, in widest sense, homo; in mere 
enumeration, or contemptuously, ca\mt; persona 
(lit., = the mask of the dramatic actor, then rig., 
= the part which he acts ; persona never = the 
individual) ; by the name of a — we understand 
that by which we denote his individuality, so 
that every — may have a peculiar nomination of 
his own, — nomen est, quod iinicuique personae 
apponitur, quo suo quaeque proprio vocabulo ap- 
pelletur (Cic.) ; in his, etc., own — , ipse (-— lie 
himself), praesens, coram ( = lie himself being 
present, oral) ; e.g. he came in his own — , ipse 
venit; to be there in his own — , praesentem or 
coram adesse ; — s of higher rank, homines nobiles ; 
a handsome — ( = woman), mulierformosa; 2, = 
body, corpus, -oris, n,j species (= exterior in gen.), 
forma, fades; 3, = a — represented on the 
stage, persona (lit. = mask), partes, -ium (= 
part); to appear in the — of, alcjs personam 
ferre. or sustinere or tueri (not agere), alcjs 
partes agere, obtinere (all lit. and fig.); 4, = 
— in grain., persona (e.g. tertia. Quint.), per- 
sonage, n. 1, = Person ; 2, = great man, 
homo nobilis. personal, adj. , personally, 
adv. personalis, personaliter (Imperial Rome, 
t.t.) ; a — verb, verbum personate (Gram.) ; in 
other instances than these we must render 
it by ipse, per sc (= himself), or by praesens, 
coram ( = present, in his own person, opp. per 
lit(t)eras (= by letter, and such like), or by pro- 
prius (= not in common with others, opp. com- 



munis), or by privatus (= referring to one as a 
private individual, opp. publictts), or by other 
terms, e.g. he appeared — , ipse aderal ; I ha.ea 

— interview with anyone, ipse or praesens cum 
alqo colloquor ; Caisar made a speech as his own 

— dignity and the respect of his ancestors 
required, orationem habuit Caesar, sicut iptivt 
dignilas et majorum ejus amplitudo postulabal ; 
to know anyone — , alqm ipsttm nosse, alqm de. 
facie nosse; not to know anyone — , alqm non 
nosse, alqm or alcjs faciem iynorare ; not to mind 

— offences, omittire privatas ojfensiones ; in the 
sense of rude, see Rude and Personality, 2 ; 

— occupations, studia privata (opp. opera pub- 
lica). personality, n. 1, if = " existence us 
a person," er "the person itself," it must bo 
rendered by circumloc. (e.g. in our days people 
deny the — of the devil, recentiores diabolum 
esse negant; he always mixes his own — up with 
it, se. ipse semper jrraedicat); 2, = direct offensive 
application to a person, perhaps contumeliae, 
privatae offensiones (— personal offences, In- 
sults), mahdicta, -orum. personalty, n. (bona) 
sun. personate, v.tr. alcjs partes agere, 
or personam gerire, tueri or sust uteri; see REPRE- 
SENT, CnrSTERFEIT, FEION, RESEMBLE. per- 

sonincation, n. prosopopoeia (Quint.), pure 
Lab conformatio, or persoiiarumficlio or confictio, 
or ficla alienarum jwsonarum oralio. per- 
sonify, v.tr. a thing, 1, in a writing, as acting 
or speaking, rem tanquam loquentem inducire, 
alci rei orationem (at)tribuere ; 2, to represent as 
a human being, alqil humanCi specie indutre, alqd 
alci rei tanquam vitam (at)tribuere. 

perspective, n. (— the science) scaenogra~ 
phia(= theatrical drawing, Vitr.); pleasing — , ea 
ars pictoris qua efficit id quuedam eminere in open, 
quaedam recessisse credamus (Quint.). 

perspicacious, adj. lit pcrspicax ( = who 
can see everything at one glance), sagax ( s= sa- 
gacious), acutus ( = sharp), comb, acutus ct per- 
spicax, acer ( = keen), perspicacity, n. 
(with regard to the understanding) perspicuatqSj 
acies or acumen ingenii, ingenium acrcor acutum. 
perspicuity, n. by adj. perspicuous, 
adj. (dijlucidus, luculentus, clarus, evidens, 
illustris, perspicuus, uperlus, distinctus, planus ; 
see Clear, Intelligible. Adv. (di)lucide, dure, 
evidenter, luadenter, perspicue, uperte, distincte, 
plune. 

perspiration, n. sudor; to be in a — , 
sudare, sudorem cmittere ; to be in a great- — , 
mvlto sudore manare, sudore madere (in gen:, 
Plin.). perspire, v.intr. sudare (also fig. = 
to work hard), sudorem emittcre (lit.) ; I — , 
sudor mihi erumpit; to — a great deal, viultum 
sudare (with fear), mullo sudore manure, sudore 
madere (= to drop with perspiration). 

persuade, v.tr. = to convince by argu- 
ment, pcrsuaderc alci de alqd re, or with accus. 
and infill, (the accus. alone can only be used 
with persuadere when it is a pronoun in the 
neuter gender, such as hoc, illud, nihil) ; he 
can easily be — d, facile adducitur ad credendum ; 
= to influence by entreaty, etc., commodis ver- 
bis dclenire, ut, etc. ( = to talk over), permovere 
(with vt when we want to state the intention ; 
with the infln. alone or with the accus. and infln. 
when this is not the case ; with the accus. alone 
simply, when it is a neat, pronoun) ; alqm impel- 
lere (= to urge) or adducere (= to bring) or indu- 
cere ( = to induce) ad alqd or with ut, alci auc- 
torem esse alcjs rei or with lit ( = to cause anyone 
to) ; they — d me to it, persuadetur mihi (not 
persuadeor) ; to allow oneself to be — d, pet- 
suaderi sibi pati; to — anyone to believe a 
thing, fidem alcjs rei facere alci, alqm addudre 
ad opinionem ; to be easily — d to believe- a. 
thing, facile induci ad credendum; I am rtpt 



per 



812 



phi 



easily — d to believe, non adduci possum, ut 
eredom ; see Convince, persuasion, n. per- 
snasia ; — was not difficult, lion difiicilis per- 
suaxio fuil ; gift of — , virtus ad persvadendnm 
nccommodata, vis persuadeudi ; see Conviction, 
Uki.if.f. persuasive, adj., persuasive- 
ness, n., by circumloc. with the verb (e.g. a — 
speech, oratio ad persuadendum accomnwdo.ta). 

pert, adj. protervits, procax. Adv. proterve, 
procaciter. pertness, n. protervitas, proca- 
citas. 

pertain, v.intr. = to belong or relate to, 
pertinire ad alqd, spectare ad alqd, referrl, alcjs 
juris esse ( = to be his of right) ; with the genit. 
nidlhis est artis, it — s to no art ; proprium esse; 
what — s to this, quod periinet or attinct ad hoc, 
or refertur, or referendum, est. 

pertinacious, adj. obstinatus, pervicax, per- 
tinax. Adv. obstinate, pertinaciter ; to act — 
in anything, obstinato unimo ayire alqd. per- 
tlnaeity, n. animi obstinatio, in a thing, 
akjs rei ( = obstinacy, contumacy), pervicacia, 
animus pervicax ( = great perseverance), pertina- 
cia (in holding an opinion or entertaining a 
plan), contumacia ( = contumacy). 

perturbation, n. see Agitation, Disturb- 
ance. 

perusal, n. lectio, perkctio (pell-), peruse, 
V.tr. perlegere, evolvere, pervolvire, pervuhitare. 

pervade, v.tr. 1, lit. permanare, ulqa re 
perfuwii; 2, fig. permanare, perfundere ; to — 
the mind, ad animvm descendere, in animum 
penelrare. 

perverse.adj. perversus (lit. = divertcd ; fig., 
not as it ought to be), pravus (fig. = contrary to 
the object intended, e.g. meaning, mens, opinio). 
Adv., fig. perverse, perperam (— not right, opp. 
recte) ; see Obstinate, Stubborn, perverso- 
ness, n. perversitas (e.g. hominnm, opiniomtm, 
morum). perversion, n. corrupiio(- spoiling), 
depravatio ; — of meaning, verbi depravatio, 
verbum in pejus detortum (Sen.), pervert, I. 
v.tr. 1, in gen. depravare, corrurnpere ; 2, as 
Theol. t.t., perhaps a ftde Christiand abducere. 
II. n. perhaps qui a fide Christiand abductus est. 

pervious, adj. pervius (of places, etc.), 
j penetrabilis ; to the air, ai'ri expositus. 

pest, n. 1, lit, see Pestilbnce; 2, fig., of 
anything or person very obnoxious, pestis, 
pernicies, comb, pestis ac pernicies ; —house, 
aedificinm ad pestilentiae contagia prohibenda 
rxstructnm. pester, v.tr. see Trouble, Dis- 
turb, Annoy. 

pestilence, n. lit. pestilentia (as an epi- 
demic disease), lues, -is (as obnoxious matter 
likely to spread disease), morbus pernicialis(— 
dangerous illness ; also fig.), pestilential, 
Bdj. pest Hens (lit., opp. salnber), focdns (fig.= 
abominable, horrible, e.g. smell, opp. suavis). 

pestle, n. pilum, pistillum (Plin.). 

pet, I. n. deliciae,amores, -urn; see Favourite. 
Ill v.tr. fovere, in deliciis habere. 

petard, n. in phrase, he is hoist with his 
own — , perhaps in suos laqncos ipse incidit. 

petition, I. n. 1, in gen. see Prayer, Re- 
quest ; 2, a formal — ,petitio(= petitioning for, 
alrjs rei), quae alqs petit, lit(t)erae (supplies) U- 
bt.llus(supplcx) ; to sign a — (along with others), 
libellum subscribcre; to grant a — , aid petenti 
satisfacere, annuere ; to present a — containing 
a request that, etc., libello oblato petere, ut, etc. 
II. v.tr. petere alqd ab alqo, rogare alqd, anyone, 
alqm or ab alqo (— to demand anything as a 
favour), in an urgent manner, implorare et ex- 
posure alqd, contendere ab alqo ut, flagitare or 
tj/togitarealqmalqd (= to request, to urge); to — 



anyone for A person or thing, ab alqo alqd 
alci petere ; to — an authority (e.g. parliament), 
petere alqd per lit(t)eras. petitioner, n. 
qui libellum affert, qui libello jtetil oblato, qui 
supplicat. 

petrify, v.tr. 1, in lupidem (con)vertere, mu- 
tate ; to be petrified, lapideseire (Plin., rare) ; 2, 
tig. alqm obstupefacere ; to be petrified (with as- 
tonishment, etc.), obstupesccre, attonitum esse. 

petticoat, n. tunica interior, corporis vela- 
rnentum interius (the Romans had no equi- 
valent) ; — government, impcrium lixorivvi 
or mulielrre. pettifogger, n. rabida, causidi- 
cus rabiosus et ineptus. : ctifogging, adj. a 
— attorney, cansiclicus (opp. to orator); in wider 
sense, see Paltry, petty, adj., see Little, 
Trifling-, Paltry. 

petulance, n.. see Passion, Sauciness, 
Impudence, petulant, adj., see Saucy - , Im- 
pudent. 

pew, n. sedes quae est in aede sacrd. 

pewter, n. see Tin. 

phaeton, n. see Carriage. 

phantom, n. 1, somnium, opinionis com- 
menta, -orum ; they are mere — s, et falsa et inania 
sunt ; 2, see Ghost. 

Pharisee, n. Pharisaevs (Eccl.) ; fig., see 
Hypocrite. Pharisaical, adj., lit. by the 
gen. Phurisaeorum (Eccl.) ; see Hypocritical. 

pharmacy, n, (ors) medicamentaria (Plin.). 

phase, n. status, -iis, condicio or ratio, or 
by circumloc. (e.g. the thing has passed into a 
new — , res mutata est, or nomfit). 

pheasant, n. (avis) Phasiana (Plin.) ; Pha- 
sianus (Fas-, Suet.). 

phenomenon, n. in gen. ostentnm, prodi- 
gium, portentum, miraculum (= any marvellous 
sight seen, and relating to some future event) ; 
in the sky, phaenomenou (very late, or as 
Greek ^uiiojxevov), res mira or mirifica or nova 
(= strange). 

phial, n. see Pottle. 

philanthropy, n. caritas generis humani, 
human Has. philanthropist, n., philan 
thropical, adj. hominibus or generi humanb 
amicus, humanus. Adv. humane. 

Philippic, n. 1, lit. (oratio) Philippica ; 2, 
fig. oratio in alqm habita. 

Philistine, n. 1, lit. Philistinus; 2, fig. 
homo humanitatis expers. 

■philologist, n. grammaticus, philologns. 
philology, n. grammatira (or grammatiee), 
philologia (= literary studies), philological, 
adj. grammaticus. 

philosopher, n. philosophus, fem. philo- 
sopha; the true — , sapiens (i.e. a wise man); 
theoretical — , qui in rerum conlemplatione 
studia ponit ; practical—, qui de vita ac mori- 
lus rebusque bonis et mails qiiaerit. philo- 
sophy, n. philosophia. philosophical, adj. 
by the genit. philosophiae, philosophorum ; — 
wise, sapiens, pnidens; — writings, philosophiae 
scriptae, libri qui sunt de philosophia; — pre- 
cepts, philosojyhiae or philosophorum praecepta ; 
that, is not a common, but a — term, quod non 
est vulgi verbum, sed philosophorum. Adv. philo- 
sophorum more, sapienter, prudenter. philo- 
sophize, v.intr. philosophari (lit.), argumen- 
lari, ratiocinari (— to argue), disputare (= to 
expound). 

philtre, n. philtrum, amatoris poculum, virus 
amatorium, or amatorium alone (Plin.). 

phlegm, n. 1, pituita (t.t.) ; 2, = dulness, 
tarditas inyenii or animi, also merely iu the 



phce 



813 



Pig 



context tarditas, patientia (= indolence), in- 
ertia (= inertness), lentitudo (= indifference). 
phlegmatic, adj. tardus, patient, iners, lentus. 
Adv. palienter, lente, or perhaps aequo animo. 

phoenix, n. phoenix. 

phonetic, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. sonum 
verbi ipsum lit(t)eris exprimere). 

phosphorus, n. phosphorus = the morning 
star ; also as scientific t.t., but not, in this 
sense, class, phosphorescent, adj., phos- 
phorescence, 11. by lux in undis lucens or 
fulgens. 

photograph, n. use where possible pictura 
or imago; perhaps where closer definition is 
necessary imago alcjs per solis radios depicta. 

phrase, n. locutio (Aul. Gell.); these are 
mere — s, verba sunt, phraseology, n. locutio, 
dicendi genus, -iris, n. 

phthisis, n. phthisis (Cels.). phthisical, 

adj. phthisicus (Plin.). 

physic, I. n. see Medicine. II. v.ti. see 
Purge, Cure, physical, adj. 1, = natural, 
must generally be rendered by the genit. na- 
turae (if we speak of nature), or corporis (if we 
speak of the animal body) ; — complaints, 
mala naturae, mala quae natu.ro, habet (in gen.), 
vitia corporis (= bodily defects); — strength, vires 
corporis ; to be of good — constitution, corporis 
vedetudine uti boiux ; 2, referring to science, 
physicus ; — science, physica or physicc, physio- 
logia (the theory) ; see Physics. Adv. naturd, 
physice. physician, n. see Doctor, phy- 
sics, n. physica, -orum. physiognomist, 
n. physiognomon, by qui se profitetur hoininum 
mores naturasque ex cor pore, oculis, mdtu, fronte, 
pernoscere (Cic). physiognomy, n. oris 
liabitus, -us, lineamenta, -orum, n. (= features), 
comb, habitus oris lincamentaque, os vultusque, 
os et vultus (= countenance and features), fades 
(= face). 

physiology, h. naturae ratio, quam Graeci 
4>vai.okoyCa.v appellant, or natura rerum quae 
Graece tf>vvio\oyCa dieitur, or simply physiologia. 
physiological, adj. ad naturae rationem per- 
tineas. Adv. e rerum naturd. 

piacular, adj. piacularis. 

piano, n. use some known instrument, lyra, 
cithara. 

pick, I. v.tr. and intr. rostro tundere or 
caedire alqd (of birds) ; to — a bone, by rodcre 
alqd ; to — one's teeth, denies spina perfodere 
(with a tooth— of wood, silver, etc., Pctron.) ; = 
to gather, carpere ; see Pluck ; to — wool, laiiam 
carpere or purgare ; to — one's pocket, see 
Rob; to — a quarrel, see Quarrel; to — out, 
see Select, Choose ; to — up, legcre, colli- 
gere, tollere, see Gather, Raise. II. n. — axe, 
doldbra; a — pocket, sector zonarius (Plaut.), 
or by fur = thief, picked, adj. delect us (of 
troops), eximius, pruestans, etc. ; see Excel- 
lent, picking, n. see Choice ; in the pi. see 
Remains. 

pickle, I. n. salsura. II. v.tr. to — fish, 

pisces murid condire. 

picnic, n. and v.intr. symbola (<nvi/3oA>i, ante 
class.) = a contribution to a common feast (e.g. 
aliquot adolescentuli coimus in Piraco in hunc 
diem ul de symbola essemus, = we went to a — , 
Ter.), or excurrire may be used (e.g. excurro in 
Pompeianum, Cic.). 

picquet, n. statio; to post — s, stationes 
disponere. 

pictorial, adj. and adv. tabulis ornatus or 
(de)pictue, per tabulas. 



picture, I. n. pictura, tabula (picta); = 
likeness, imago (picta) ; word — , by circum- 
loc. (e.g. ita rem verbis exprimit ul paene ob 
oculos posita esse videatur). II. v.tr. to — in the 
mind, alqd mente, animo or cogitatione fingere or 
concipcre ; in words, depingere, expingire, ex- 
prime re ; see Express, Paint, picture- 
frame, n. forma in qud includitur pictura. 
picture-gallery, n. pindcotheca. pictur- 
esque, adj. graphicu,»(= very beautiful, as if it 
had been painted, rare), amoenus (= delightful) ; 
to be — , graphicam in. aspectu efficerc delecta- 
tioncm (Vitr. = to present a most beautiful as- 
pect) ; see Beautiful. Adv. graphice, amoene. 
picturesqueness, n. see Beauty. 

pie, n. see Pastry. 

piebald, adj. t bicolor. 

piece, I. n. 1, part of a whole, pars (= part in 
gen.), fragmentum (poet, fragmen = a — broken 
oft'),$egmen(= a — cut off), frustum (= a bit), trun- 
cus(=si — cut off or struck off,e.g. a — of the same 
stone, truncus ejusdem lapidis), crusta (=: a — of 
marble cut off, for mosaic work) ; a — (bit) of 
cloth, jxinnus ; a pretty large — of anything 
(i.e. = a considerable quantity, a good deal), 
aliquantum with genit (e.g. of land, agri); a 
very large — (i.e. much), multum with genit ; 
to tear into — s, dilacerare, dilaniare, discerpere; 
see Tear ; to fall to — s, dilabi; 2, = a single 
thing, which belongs to a whole species, iu 
gen. res (thing in gen.) ; pars (= part, e.g. plura 
de extremis loqui pars ignaviae est, Tac, a — of 
cowardice) ; whenever we say a — of, the word 
— is not expressed, e.g. a — of money, nummus 
(a single coin), alqd numnwrum (an indefinite 
sum of money) ; a — of land, ager, dim. 
agellus ; a — of meat, caruncula; a — of wockI, 
lignum; made out of one — , or into one — , 
solidus (= not interrupted, solid, massive [e.g. 
ring]) ; a boat made out of one — of timber, 
linter ex una arbore excavatus ; = an artificial 
production, opus, -iris, n. (in genA tela (= a — 
of woven cloth), pictura, tabula (=a picture), 
fabula (=a theatrical — ), cantus, -us (=a — of 
music), tormentum(= a field — ) ; in — s, --meal, 
minutaiim(\it. in small — s, then also fig. = by de- 
grees), membratim (lit. = limb by limb, then tig. = 
one part after the other, e.g. to relate, enumerare, 
i.e. to enumerate), carpt£m(= by detached parts, 
fig. = partly), pedetentim (pedetemt-) (= one thing 
after the other, step by step, gradually) ; also 
by singuli (if = the single things) ; — work, by 
circumloc. (e.g. to pay by — , ut res quaeque 
confecta est, solvere). II. v.tr. consuere ; to — a 
garment, by assuere alqd alci rei ; see Patch, 
Mend. 

pied, adj. maculosus. 

pier, n. 1, pila (pontis); see Pillar; 2, 
moles (-is), (opposita fluctibus) moles lapidum ( = 
mole). 

pierce, v.tr. 1, see Thrust, Drive; 2, = 
to — through, transfigire ; see Stab; 3, see 
Enter, Penetrate, piercing, adj. 1, of 
sounds, acer, acutus; seo Shrill; 2, of the 
mind, acutus, acer, sagax; see Acute. 

piety, n. pietas erga Deum ( = reverence and 
love to God, religio (= religious feeling), sanctitas 
(= holiness of life), sanctimonia (= virtuous sen- 
timent, innocence), pious, adj. piuserga Deum. 
(also erga patriam, parentes, etc.), relUjiosui 
( = conscientious), sanctus(= approved of God), 
religiosus sanctusque, sanctus et religiosus. 
Adv. pie, sancte, comb, pie sancteque. 

pig, n. porcus (Eng. pork), sus, suis, m. and 
f. ; a small — , porcellut ; a sucking — , poreuj 
lactens, porcellus. piggery, n. suife(Col.), hara. 
piggish, adj. 1, suillus, porAnut; 2, fljf- see 



pig 



814 



pit 



Greedy, piggishness, n. spiircitia, s-pur- 
citics (= foulness) ; see also Greediness, pig- 
headed, adj. see Obstinate. 
N pigeon, n. columba (a cock — , columbus), 
palumbes, -is (palumba) ; see Dove; — house, 
columbarium; turris, turricula ( = — tower). 

pigment, n. see Paint. 
. pigmy, n. see Dwarf ; the Pigmies, Pig- 
inuei (Plin.). 

pike, n. hojsta ; see Lance. 

pilaster, n. parastata or parastas, -adis, f. 

pile, I. n. strues, -is, f. (of things collected 
In an elevated form), cumulus, acervus (= heap of 
things, iu gen.) ; rogus( = funeral — , also — of 
wood) ; a — of books, acervus librorum ; a — of 
buildings, see Edifice ; a — driven into the 

t round (for building on), sublica; a bridge 
uilt on — s, pons sublicius ; to drive down — s, 
palos or stipites or sudes demittere, defigere; see 
Heap, Stake. II. v.tr. (co)acervare, cumulare, 
congerere ; see Accumulate ; to — up, facere 
struem alcjs rei (e.g. lignorum), exstruere (e.g. 
rogum) ; see Heap. 
pilfer, v.tr. and intr. ; see Steal. 

pilgrim, n. viator (= traveller in gen.), or 
qui in loca sacra migrat ; — 's staff, bactdum. 
pilgrimage, n. iter, itineris, n. (= journey 
in gen.), or iter in loca sacra, peregrinatio 
sacra. 

pill, n. catapotium (Plin.) (that which is 
swallowed), in pure Latin pilula (Plin.) ; fig. to 
give one a — to swallow, alqm tangere (Com.) ; 
he swallowed the — , haec concoxit. 

pillage, I. n. rapxna, dlreptio (implying de- 
struction of property), erpilatio (for the sake of 
robbing), depopulate (= layingwaste). II. v. t 
diripere, populari(= to lay waste), compilare, ex- 
pilc.re, spoliate. III. v.intr. praedari ; see Plun- 
der, pillager, n. praedator, direptor, popu- 
lator ; see Plunder. 

pillar, n. columen (fig. = foundation, e.g. 
columen reipublicae), pila ( = support of a bridge, 
etc.), columna ( — column); 'sec Column, Tost. 
pillared, adj. colnmnatns, columnis instructus. 

pillory, n. numella ( = fetterfor criminals) ; 
to punish with the — , alqm ad palam in ali- 
oriim exemplum alligare; tig. alqm cruciare ; see 
Torment. 

pillow, I. n. cervical (Juv.), pulmmus. II. 
v.tr. (su/yulcire ; see SurroRT. 

pilot, I. n. gubernatar (lit. and fig.). II. 
v.tr. gtibemareQ.it. and fig.). 

pimp, n. leno. 

pimple, n. varus (Plin., on the face, Greek 
torSos), pitstula (in gen., Plin.). pimpled, 
pimply, adj. jmstulosus (Ccls.). 

pin, I. n. acus, -ils, f. II. v.tr. alqd acu 
(aj)figcre. pin-cushion, n. thcca (= case). 
pin-money, n. peculium (Jet.), or pecunia 
■uxori data. 

pincers, n. pi. forceps, pinch, I. v.tr. 1, 
= to nip, perhaps alqd or alqm digit is comprimere, 
vellicare (Quint.) ; 2, fig. (co)artare = to crowd, 
to — for room, urere (of a shoe, frost, etc.) ; to — 
oneself, fraudare se victu suo ; to — , of poverty, 
urgere. II. n. 1, lit. use verb; 2, tig. aculevs 
(= sting), morsus, -vs (— bite) ; see Sting ; at a 
— , by circumloc. (e.g. he would only do it at a — , 
coaches modo hoc fecerit). pinching, adj. of 
poverty, etc., by cxtremus, summus, etc. ; see 
Extreme. 

pinchbeck, n. 1, aes facticivm; 2, tig., 

Ke'SHAM. 

pine, n. piavs, f: 



pine, v.intr. tabesc-'re, eonfici alqd re; to — 
for anything, alqd desiderare, or more strongly, 
alcjs desidcrio tabescere. pining, n. tabes, -is 
( = wasting away); see also Sorrow. 

pinion, I. n. 1, of a bird, penna (pinna) ; 
see Wing ; 2, compes, -hi is, f. ; see Fetter. II. 
v.tr. manus jiosf tergum rcligare, alci covijmles 
in(J)icere t alqm (re)vincire. 

pink, adj. puniceus ; — colour, color pu- 
niceus. 

pinnace, n. navis actuaria or lembus. 

pinnacle, n. JastigUtm (lit and fig.). 

pint, n. perhaps sextarius (both as a measure 
of liquids and as the vessel containing it) ; half 
a — , hemina ; a quarter of a — , quartarius. 

pioneer, n. qui primus alqd facit. 

pious, adj. pius, sanctus; see Piety. 

pip, n. pituita ( — disease of chickens, 
Plin.). 

pip, v.intr. pipare, pipire (Col.). 

pip, n. of fruit, semen, granum, nucleus 
(Plin.), acinus (esp. of the grape). 

pipe, I. n. 1, for water, etc., tubus, tubulus, ca- 
nalis, fistula; 2, = a musical instrument, fis- 
tula, tibia, t arundo, t calamus, t avena ; 3, for 
smoking, perhaps, if context is clear, fistula or 
tubulus, or adding fumuin edens. II. v.intr. 
fistvld or tibia cancre or canlare. pipe-clay, 
n. creta fig(u)lina. piper, n. tibicen. 

pipkin, n. olla (old form aula). 

piquant, adj. acutus (lit. = stimulating to 
the senses ; then also fig., e.g. of the speaker, 
Quint.), salsus (lit. = seasoned with salt, — in 
taste ; then fig. pertinent, to the point, inter- 
esting, esp. through wit, of persons, of things 
.-•aid or written, etc.) ;/aee(us(=facetious). 'Adv. 
acute, sahe. piquancy, n. sal, vis. pique, I. 
n. simultas; see Anoer, Irritation. II. v.tr. 
see Offend, Irritate, Exasperate; to — one- 
self, gloriari alqd re, jactare se de alqd re. 

piracy, n. latrocinium maris; to carry on 
— , latrocinio maris vitam tolerare( = to get one's 
living by — ) ; to make the sea unsafe through 
— , mare infestum facere navibus piraticis ; latro- 
ciniis et pracdal ionibus infestare mare, pirate, 
n. prae.do (muritimus), pirdta. piratical, adj. 
piraticus ; — State, gens latrociniis assueta. 

piscatory, adj. piscatorius. 

pistil, n. * pislillum (only as t.t.). 

pistol, n., where possible by arcus, -«>'( = 
bow), otherwise * sclo]}ctus minor ; see Gun. 

piston, n. (in machines) fundulus (moving 
up and down, fundulus ambulatilis), embolus 
(— sucker of a pump). 

pit, I. n. puteus (in gcn.),/ot-frt (deep, open 
at the top, for catching wild beasts ; then also 
fig. = a snare), scrobs or (small) scrobiculus (= a 
hole dug for planting a tree or for interring a dead 
body), fossa ( = a long ditch for the defence of a 
place or for the purpose of drainage), fodina, 
specus, puteus (in a mine) ; to dig a — , facere fo- 
rcam (fossam), fodere serobem, specum sub terra 
fodcre ; to fall into a — , in foveam incidere (the 
latter also fig. = to fall into a snare) ; in the 
theatre, cavea (= the seats assigned to the spec- 
tators, cavea ima was reserved for the nobility, 
cavea media &ndsunnna more nearly = pit). II. 
v.tr. =to mark (e.g. with 6mall-pox), distin- 
guere; see Mark, pit against, v.tr. alqm 
alci oppionere, alqm cum cdqo committere. pit- 
a-pat, adv. to go — , pnlpitc/re. pitfall, n. 
fovea, pitman, n. see Miner. 

pitch, I. n. pis; of — , picems; as black as 
— , piccius, planus, omnium nigerrimvs (= 



pit 



815 



pla 



quite black, in gen.); — pine, picea; —dark, 
(tenebris) obductus ( = quite covered with dark- 
ness, e.g. nox). II. v.tr. (op)picare. pitchy, 
adj. picatus (— besmeared with pitch). 

pitch, I. n. 1, = degree, fastigium, gradvs, 
-us, or by summus, exlremus, or ultimus with n. 
(i.e. to the highest — of madness, ad summam 
amentiam); to this, that, what a — of, hue, eo, 
i/iio with gen. ; 2, in music, sonus, vox ; at the 
highest — of the voice, voce summd ; a high — , 
vox acuta ; medium — , vox media; low — , vox 
gravis. II. v.tr. 1, to — a tent, tabernaculum 
etatuere or constituere or collocare, tentorium sta- 
tuere or ponere, tabernaculum. tendere, or simply 
tendere ; 2, = to throw, jacere, con(J)icere ; see 
Throw ; 3, in music, to — a note, canendo prae- 
ire. III. v.intr. to — upon, incidere, incurrere 
in alrpn or alqd. pitchfork, u. /urea. 

pitcher, n. see Jab. 

piteous, pitiable, adj. miser, miserabilis, 
miserandus, dolendus, flebilis, (e)lamentabilis. 
Adv. misere, miserabiliter, flebiliter, miserandum 
in modum. piteousness, n. use adj., or 
circuml. (e.g. the — of the story greatly moved 
me, narratio mire vie commovit). pitiful, adj. 
1, = full of pity, clemens, misericors ; see Mer- 
ciful ; 2, see Piteous ; 3, = mean, abjectus, 
vilis, humilis, contemptus ; see Contemptible. 
Adv. clementer, misere, abjecte, humiliter ; see 
Contemptibly, pitifulness, n. 1, dementia, 
misericordia ; 2, see Piteousness ; 3, by adj. 
(Pitiful 3), or humilitas. pitiless, adj. im- 
misericors, durus, ferreus, inhumanus, crudelis, 
saevus ; see Cruel. Adv. immisericorditer, in- 
humane, inhumaniter, crudeliter, saeve. piti- 
lessness, n. crudelitas, inhumanitas, saevitia. 
pity, I. n. misericordia (misericordia est aegri- 
tudo ex miscrid alterius injuria laborantis, Cic), 
miseratio; out of — , propter misericordiam, mise- 
ricordia captus or permotus ; to feel — , misericor- 
diam habere, misericordem esse ( *= to have a feel- 
ing heart), se misericordem praebere (= to show 
oneself merciful in one single case) ; to have 
— on anyone, misereri alcjs, miseret me alcjs ; it 
is a — that, etc., dolendum est, quod, etc., in- 
commode accidit, ut, etc. ; it is a — that he 
died, mors ejus dolenda est ; it is a — that the 
money was lost, dolenda est jactur a pecuniae ; it 
is a great — , it is a thousand pities, valde, mag- 
ixopere dolendum est; deserving — , miserandus, 
viiseratione dignus. II. v.tr. misereri, miseret 
me alcjs, misericordid alcjs commotum or captum 
esse ( — to feel — ). pitying, adj. and adv. 
see Pitiful 1. 

pith, n. medulla (lit. and fig.), pithy, adj. 

I, lit, mcdullosus (Cels.) ; 2, tig. sentcntiosus ( = 
full of meaning), nervosus ( = vigorous), densus 
(Quint). 

pittance, n. merccdula ( = poor pay), pecu- 
nia exigua. 

pivot, n. 1, lit. cnodax (Vitr., rare) ; 2, fig. 
see Hinge. 

placable, adj. exorabilis, placabilis. pla- 
cability, n. placabilitas. 

placard, I. n. libellus; see Advertisement. 

II. v.tr. libellum proponere; see Announce, 
Advertise. 

place, I. n. = a free, open space, locus, 
campus ( — open — , field, e.g. in the middle of a 
town), area (= a free, open — not occupied with 
buildings) ; the — in front of a dwelling-house, 
propalvlum (in gen.), vestibulum (= entrance 
court) ; — of battle, locus pugnae ; — an inha- 
bited — , locus, oppidv.m {— — surrounded with 
walls), regio (= district), pagus, vicus (= vil- 
lage); a fortified — , locus munitus (in geD.), 
castrum, castclhsm (= castle, fort) ;•= natural 



position, seaes, -is; = a certain portion of 
space in gen., inhabited — , the — , loca; 
at this — , hie, hoc loco; at which — , where, 
ubi ! quo loco; at what — ? ubinamf from 
which — , whence, undc, a or ex <pio loco; at 
every — , ubique, omnibus locis ; from every 
— , undique, ab omnibus locis; at different — s, 
passim; at both — s, utrobique; at another — , 
see Elsewhere ; tig. — in a book, locus (pi. 
loci) ; this lias been stated in another — (= in 
another part of the book), alio loco dictum est ; 
about this in another — , de quo alibi; — a 
separate — allotted anywhere, lit. foc!(s(ingen.), 
sedes (where one sits), spatium (= — which any- 
thing occupies) ; to assign, show to a person his 
or her — (in the theatre), alqm sessum ducert 
(Plaut.) ; to give up one's — to a person, aid 
locum dare, cedere; to take a — on the seats 
allotted (in front of the rostrum of the curia, 
etc.), locum in subselliis occupare ; to 6it in the 
first — , in primd caved sedere (in the theatre), 
summum or supra or superiorem accubare (at 
table) ; in the- last — , in ultimd caved sedere (in 
the theatre), infra or inferiorem accubare (at 
table) ; to get up from one's — , (ex)surgere or 
(principally of several) consurgSre ; to rise from 
one's — before anyone (out of respect), edei 
assurgere; to bring anyone from his — (=seat), 
alqm locomovere; description of — s(towns, etc.), 
descriptio locorum (Cic. uses ronoBeaia = the 
stating of the locality of a — ) ; commander of a 
— , praefectus urbi ; = situation, office, mtmus, 
■eris,n. ,magistratus,-us ; of a servant, use circuml. 
(e.g. to change a — , in aliam familiam ingredi) ; 
to appoint in — of, alqm sufficcre; in — of, 
loco alcjs; in the first — , primo, primum; iu 
the next — , deinceps; primo and primum are 
followed by delude, turn, praetcrea, postremo. 
II. v.tr. statuere (lit., to make a thing stand, 
e.g. vas in loco frigido, juvencum ante aram), 
constituere; to — in different spots, disponere; 
to — in line of battle, ordinare, inslruere ; to — 
anything round a thing, cingire alqd alqd re 
(e.g. watchmen round a house, domum custo- 
dibus) ; to — anything before, alqd apponere 
aid rei or ad alqd (before the hearth, foco; 
before the fire, ad ignem), proponere alqd alci rei 
(e.g. igni) ; to — oneself at or near a spot or 
anything, consistere in alqo loco (e.g. at the 
door, in artitii), by the side of, near anything, 
consistcre ad alqd (e.g. ad mensam), assistere 
ad alqd (e.g. ad fores, near the door) ; to — 
one's money with anyone, pecuniam collocare or 
occupare apud alqm; to — behind, postptmire or 
pnsthi'bere or postferre alqd alci rei; to — over 
(i.e. in command of, alci rei orlocoalqmpraeficere); 
to — round, alqm or alqd alci (rei), or alijm or 
alqd cdqd re circumdare ; to — under, alqd aid 
(rei) sub(j)icere; to — upon, alqd aid (rei) im- 
ponere, superponere. 

placid, adj. placidus; see Gentle, Quiet, 
Calm. 

plagiarism, n. furlum or by eweforwn. no! 
verbum transcriber neque nominare (= to copy a 
passage from an author without naming him), or 
by alcjs scripta furantem pro suis praedicare (i.e. 
in so doing to pass oneself off as the author 
of such a passage, etc.). plagiarist, n. qui 
aliorum scrinia compilat (Hor.), qui auctorem ad 
verbum transcribit neque nominal. 

plague, I. n. 1, lit. (as the disease) pestis, 
pestilentia; see Pestilence ; 2, fig-, malum (= 
evil in gen.); pestis (= pest); the — take you! in 
malam crucem .' What the — is it? Quid, malum, 
est ? to bo a — to anyone, molest iae esse aid. 
II. v.tr. vexare (= to let anyone have no peace), 
ao!(l)icitare (=to disquiet), anghe ,(of cares., 
etc.). exercere, crvciure, (ex)agilare ; with re- 



pla 



816 



pla 



quests, alqm precibus fatigare; with questions, 
alqm obtundere rogitando ; to — anyone to do, 
etc. (= to bother), alci instare de alqd re or 
with nt ; see Vex, Worry. 

plain, I. adj. 1, = smooth, acquvs, planus; 
see Flat ; 2, = manifest, clams, planus, apertus, 
perspicuus, evidens, mani/estus ; see Clear, 
Manifest ; 3, = unadorned, simplex, inornatus, 
incomptus (of dress), (di)lucidus, inornatus, sub- 
tilis, pressns. r vressus, distinctns, ottenuatus 
(of speech, • <±, - candid, sincerus, liber; see 
Fk/ :sr ; 5, - without beauty, perhaps hand 
formosus or renuslus ; see Ugly. Adv. = clearly, 
dart, plane, aperte, ptrspicue, evidentcr, mani- 
festo ; = without ornament, simpliciter, in- 
ornate .(of dress, etc.), (di)lucide, subtili! 
(ex)presse. distincte, attenuate; = frankly, sin- 
cere, tibere, aperte. II. n. planities (= every 
— , also the — ■ surface of a mirror) ; as an 
open country, planities, aequus et planus locus 
(wide, where one has unlimited view and a 
free scope, in opp. to hills and mountains), cam- 
pys with and without planus or apertus(=n)i opeu 
field, in opp. to mountains); an extended — , 
aequor (also surface of the sea, often in the poets, 
but also inCie.); of what is, grows, has its abode, 
is situate in the — , campester(e.g. campestris urbs). 
plainness, n. 1, = clearness, by evidentia, 
perspicuilas, or adj. ; see Plain ; 2, = lack of 
ornament, simplicitas (of dress, etc.), or by adj. 
Plain, 3 (of style) ; 3, of speech ; see Frank- 
ness ; 4, = lack of beauty ; see Ugliness. 

plaint, n. see Lamentation, Complaint, 
Action, plaintiff, n. acatsutor (if a female, 
ucciisatrix) ; qui (or quae) accusal (= accuser, who 
brings anyone up before the court in a criminal 
prosecution) ; qui (or quae) petit (= who makes a 
claim, in a civil action; ; to appear as the princi- 
pal — against anyone, suo nomine accusare 
alqm ; as the second — or jointly with another, 
svbscribens accusare alqm; — in error, appella- 
tor (Cic), qui appellat or provocat. plaintive, 
adj. miserabilis, jlebilis, lamcntabilis, qveribun- 
dus, querulus (mostly poet. ). Adv. m iserabiliter, 
fiebiliter. plaintiveness, n. by adj. 

plait, I. n. 1, sinus, -us, ruga, but both = 
fold rather than — ; see Fold ; 2, = a braid of 
hair, gradus, -its (Quint, Suet.). ' II. v.tr. 1, 
see Fold ; 2, to — the hair, comam in gradus 
Jvrmare or franycre. 

plan, I. n. 1, = a sketch drawn on paper, 
forma, conformatio, figura, species (= a draught), 
imarjo (= outline), designatio (= design), forma 
rndis et impolita (= rough sketch), descriptio, 
ir.hnographia (the former = first sketch, then 
like the latter = ground - plan) ; to draw a 
— of anything, speciem operis deformare, 
imaginem or formam operis delineare ; of a 
building, uedificandi descriptio ; 2, in idea, 
consilium, cogitatio (as a mere idea which wc 
hope to realize), propositum or inceptum (as 
intention, or as anything first begun, under- 
taken), ratio (= —and decision, wherein the 
means of doing it and the possible result are 
considered), descriptio (as regards all the par- 
ticulars of it), ordo(= the order in which a thing 
is to be done) ; — of an operation, rei agendae 
ratio; a — agreed upon, ratio rei cgmpositae 
(Liv.) ; — for carrying on a war, Mius belli ratio; 
a decided — , ratio stobilisacfnna; without anv 
decided — , nnllo consilio, nulld ratione ; to draw 
up, make a — for anything, inslitue.re rationem 
alcjs rei (e.g. operis), describcre rationem alcjs rei 
(e.g. belli, uedificandi); to conceive the —to, 
etc., consilium captcre or inire alcjs rei faciendae, 
or with inf. or with ut; concerning a thing, con- 
silium capere or inire de alqd re. II. v.tr. 1, = 
to form a draught, speciem or imaginem alcjs 



operis lineis deformare, formam alcjs operis liners 
describcre, imaginem alcjs operis delineare; seV 
Design ; 2, in idea, alqd (ex)cogi(are, moliri, con- 
silium inire alcjs rei faciendae; see above, 
Plan, I. 2. 

plane, I. n. 1, = a geometrical figure, forma 
plana; 2, = a tool, runcina (Plin.). IL v.tr. 
runcinarc. 

plane, n. = a tree, platanus, f. 

planet, n. Stella errans, sidus, -eris, n., 
errans ; in pi. also stellae quae errantes et quasi 
vagae nominantur ; the five — s, quivque ttellne. 
ensdem cursus constantitsime icrvantes, (Planeta, 
planetes, is not found in good prose.) 

plank, I. n. tabula (= board), axis, -is, m. 
(ustis); to nail — s, coaxare (coass-). II. v.tr. con- 
tabulare, coaxare (coass-). planking, n. con- 
tabulatio, coamtio (coass-, =s boarded floor, etc.), 
or by pi. of Plank. 

plant, I. n. herba (In gen.), planta (— slip). 

II. v.tr. 1, screre, (dejponere (trees, etc.), con- 
sercre, obserere (a place with trees, etc.) ; 2, = 
to set up, statuere, constituere, infigere (e.g. 
signum, a standard) ; see Set up ; 3, to — a 
colony, coloniam deducere. plantation, n. 
plantarium (— nursery garden), seminarium (= 
nursery garden, lit. and fig.), arbustum (= 
orchard, esp. the trees round which vines were 
planted), vitiarium (= nursery for vines), quer- 
cetum (= oak wood), locus arboribus consitus 
(gen. term), planter, n. sator, qui serit; —s 
of a colony, coloni. planting, n. satio, satus, 
-us (= the act of — ). 

plash, I. n. murmur, fremitus, -us (e.g. 
aequoris, perhaps sonus, sonitus, -its. II. v.tr. 
murmurare, fremere, fremitum edere. 

plaster, I. n. 1, gypsum, arenatum, lectori urn ; 
see Cement, Mortar; 2, in medicine, emplast- 
rum. II. adj. a — cast, imago (e)gypso expressa. 

III. v.tr. gypsare (Col.), gypso illinere or oMn- 
cere, plasterer, n. = who whitewashes the 
walls, tector ; see Paint. 

plastic, adj. plaelicus. 

plate, I. n. 1, bractea, lam(i)na. (lit. — a thin 
piece of metal ; the latter stronger than the 
former, then also of wood, anything veneered) ; 
2, = a copper — print, pidvra linearis or 
imago per aeneam lam(i)nam expressa, Jigura 
aenea, or in the context merely imago ; 3, a — 
at table, catillus, pi. catilla, -orum, n. (a smaller 
one made of clay), patella ; 4, collectively, — 
used at table, vasa (-orum) argentea or aurea 
(silver or gold), argentum. II. adj. — glass, 
perhaps use vitriim densatum. III. v,tr. to --=- 
with silver, argento induccre. 

platform, n. suggestus, -its. 

Platonic, adj. Platonicus, Jcadcmicus (= 
pertaining to the Academy, i.e. the — philo- 
sophy, academia, axaSvuia). Platonist, n. 
r'atonicus philasophus ; the — s, academici (=; 
the followers of the Academy). 

platter, n. catillus (pi. catilla), patella. 

plaudit, n. plausus, -its ; see Applause. 

plausible, adj. 1, = probable, veri similia 
(or as one word verisim-), probabilis ; 2, in bad 
sense, fitcatus, fucosus, simulatns, speciosus. Adv. 
veri similiter (rerisim-), proliobiliter, simulate, 
speciose (Quint), ad speciem, in or per speciem, 
specie, plausibility, n. 1, verUvmMUvdo, 
probabilitas ; 2, simulatio, species. 

play, I. v.intr. and tr. to — an instrument 
of music, canire, t modulari, with the ablat. 
of the instrument played (e.g. on a stringed 
instrument, fidibus), psallere (on a stringed 
instrument, esp. the guitar, hence often corub' 



pie 



817 



plo 



tantare et psallcre, canere voce et psallere, = 
to sing to the sound of tlie — ) ; = to amuse 
oneself, ludere (eitlier absol. or with the ablat. 
of the game) ; the fishes — in the water, pisces 
in aqua ludunt ; to — at dice, tesseris or talis 
ludere, aled or alcam ludere; to — at cricket, 
ball, pild ludere; to — for anything, ludere in 
alqd (e.g. for money, in pecunium, Jet.); = to 
act in uny particular character, on the stage and 
in real life, agere alqm or alejs partes, akjs per- 
sonum tueri ; to — a piece (in the theatre), 
fubulam agere; not to let the actors — any 
longer, histrionibus scaenam interdicere ; to — 
the fool with anyone, to — anyone a trick, 
alqm ludere or ludificari, alci impoiwre ; to — 
the rogue with anyone, fraudem or fallaciam 
alcifacere, dolum alci nectere or conjingire. II. 
n. := amusement, Indus (= game, see the word), 
lusus, -us (= playing), lusio (— the act), ludi- 
crwn(— a farce for amusement), ludibrium(=tho 
carrying on a joke with anyone ; the joke itself, 
6port), spectaculum, (= a theatrical piece), fabula 
(diniin. fabella, =a piece at the theatre), comoe- 
dia (= comedy), U'agoedia (= tragedy) ; mere — , 
Indus, jocus (— joke) ; that is but — for him, hoc 
ei Indus or jocus est ; = room for acting, campus 
(opp. angustiae ; e.g. he has full — in his speech, 
est campus, in quo ex(s)ultare possit oratio, Cic.) ; 
to have — , late vagari posse; = action, motus, 
•us, gestus, -us (of the limbs, etc.), vultus, -us 
(= face), argutiae (— lively expression of the 
countenance) ; fair — , ex aequo et bono (e.g. to 
see — , curare ut omnia ex aequo et bono Jiant). 
play bill, n. libellus. player, n. 1, (on a 
musical instrument) aniens (both male and fe- 
male), psaltes, in pure Latiu fidicen, on a stringed 
instrument ; if a female, psaltria, in pure Latin 
fidicina, citharista, m., citharoedus ; cornicen 
(= who blows a horn or cornet), tibicen (= 
a — on the flute, a piper), tubicen {— a trum- 
peter) ; for amusement in gen., lusor, a female, 
hidens ; 2, see Gambler ; 3, — on the stage, 
actor ; see Actor, playfellow, playmate, 
n. aequalis (= of the same age), playful, 
adj. lascivus, jocosus. Adv. jocose, playful- 
ness, n. lascivia. playground, n. locus 
quo pueri ludendi caus(s)d conveniunt. play- 
bouse, n. see Theatre, playthings, n. 
quae pueris in lusum oblata sunt ; see Toy. 
playwriter, playwright, u. qui fabulas 
scribit. 

plea, n. 1, defendant's — , defensio, oratio 
pro se or alqo habita (= a speech made in one's 
own defence, or for others) ; to make a — in 
court, orare or dicere pro se, se defendere, caus- 
(s)am dicere (for oneself), orare et dicere pro 
alqo, defendere alqm (for someone) ; exceptio (= 
exception taken by defendant to plaintiffs state- 
ment, and inserted in a praetor's edict) ; in a 
gen. sense, see Lawsuit, Cause, Apology ; 2, 
= excuse, excusatio ; see Excuse. plead, 
v.intr. 1, in law, cau(s)sam agere, actitare (fre- 
quentative), dicere, (per)orare, or alqm se fecisse 
defendere, alqm defendere, versari inforo (— to be 
a pleader) ; 2, in gen. alqd excusare ; see Bed, 
Allege, pleader, n. orator, causidicus (term 
rather of coutempt) ; see Advocate. 

pleasant, or pleasing, adj. acceptus (=that 
which you are glad to see or hear), gratus (— very 
— , pergratus, of value to us), comb, gratus ac- 
ceplusque, jucundus, suavis (= lovely), dulcis (= 
attractive), mollis (= gentle), carus (— dear\ 
gratiosus alci and apud.alqm (= in favour with), 
urbanus (= polite), lepidus, facetus, festivus f = 
humorous, witty), laetus (= joyous), amoenus (= 
charming, of place), voluptarius (= delightful), 
commodus (= suitable, e.g. viores); — conversa- 
tion, sermo festivus, venustus et urbanus ; — 
places, loco, amoena or voluptaria ; to be — to 



the eyes, oculos delectare ; to be — to the ms, 
aures {per)mulccre, auribus blandiri; to have 
a — taste, jucunde sapere. Adv. jucunde, sua- 
viter, dulve, dulciter, commode, lepide, festive, 
facete, amnene or amoeniter. pleasantness. 
n. jucunditas, dulccdo, amoenitas, suavitas, 
commodilas (ante class, in Ovid.), Icpos, or 
by adj. ; sec also Loveliness, pleasantry, 
n. facetiae, lepos, festivitas, or by jocus (=joke). 
please, v.intr. alci placere, alqm delectare, alci 
gratum, acceplum or cordi esse, or arriddrc ; it — B, 
placet (of a decree of the senate) ; if you — , ru 
(si vis); to be — d, dclectari, gaudcre re; to bo 
dis— d, abhorrere re; I am - d with this, hoc 
mihi gratum est; this dis— s rne, displicet mihi 
hoc; you are — d to say, libet (lubet) tibi dicere; 
to — yourself, gratificari sibi; to — another, gru> 
tificari alci, morem gerere alci; eagerness to — 
(another), immodica placendi cupido. pleas- 
ing, adj., see Pleasant, pleasure, n. volup- 
tas ; = will, arbitrium ; libiilo (lub-, — passion, 
caprice), delectatio, olAectatio, deliciae (— de- 
light), delectamentum (rare), oblectamentum (— 
object of — ); according to — , ex libiiline, ex 
ar'bitrio ejus (or suo); to do his — , gratum fucere 
alci; = gross pleasures (lust), cupiditates, libi- 
dines (tub-), corporis voluptates ; it is the — of 
the gods, the senate, etc., dis, senutui placet; 
a journey of — , gestatio (Sen.); to take — in 
the country, excurrere rus, in the gardens, 
horti ; to walk for — , ambulare. 

plebeian, I. n. homo plebeius, homo de plebe ; 
the — s, plebeii, plebs ; the order of the — s, ordo 
plebeius, plebs; from the order of the — s, de 
plebe, plebeii generis, plebeius. II. adj. plebeius 
(opp. patricius). 

pledge, I. n. pignus, -his, n., hypotheca, ar- 
rhabo, -onis, m., arrha. II. v.tr. (op)pignerare 
or obligare alqd; to — your word, fidem inttr- 
ponere or obligare. 

Pleiades, n. Pleiades or Vergiliat. 

plenary, adj. see Full, Entire, Complete. 

plenipotentiary, n. merely legatus (= 
ambassador) ; plenipotentiaries arrived from 
Sicily, Sicidi veniunt cum mandatis. 

plenitude, n. see Fulness. 

plenteous, plentiful, adj. uber, abun- 
dans, copiosus, largus, affluens, opimus; see' 
Abundant. Adv. uberius, uberrime (not in 
posit.), abunde, abundanter, copiose, satis super- 
que, large, cumulate, prolixe, effuse, plenty, n. 
ubertas (without reference to the use we make 
of it), cojJici (of anything, for a certain purpose, 
opp. inopia, Cic), abundantia (= abundance, 
more than we wish), afftuentia (— profusion), 
magna vis (great quantity) ; — of anything, satis 
with genit. ; to have — of anything, suppeditars 
or abundare alqa re. 

pleonasm, n. pleonasmus (late, or as Greek 
7rXeovao-fid;), better use circumloc. (e.g. nimid 
abundantid verborum uti). pleonastic, adi. 
by circumloc. (e.g. verba plura sunt quam pro re). 

plethora, n. sanguinis abundantia. • ple- 
thoric, adj. plenus sanguinis. 

pleurisy, n. pleuritis. 

pliant, pliable, adj. 1, lentus, flexibilis ; 
2, fig. mobilis, inconstans, mollis, flexibilis. pli- 
ancy, pliability, n. 1, lentitia, tentor(Plin.) ; 
2, mobilitas, inconstantia, mollitia. 

plight, I. n. see Condition, State. II. 
v.tr. see Fledge. 

plinth, n. plinthus, plinthis, -idis, f. 

plod, v.intr. 1, = to go slowly, tardius pro- 
grefo; g, =; to toil, omni ope atque operd eniti, ut, 
etc., contendm et laborare, sudare et laborers; 



plo 



818 



pol 



see Toil, plodding, adj. esse induslrid singv- 
lari (of persons). 

plot, plat, n. of ground, agcllus, area. 

plot, I. n. 1, consensio, conspiratio, consen- 
sionis or conspirationis globus (in gen.), conju- 
ratio (— conspiracy), coitio (— a secret combina- 
tion, esp. of two candidates for an office, for the 
purpose of getting rid of their competitors); to 
form a — , consensiones or coitionemfaeere, con- 
spirare; to form a — against anyone, in alqm 
consplrare, contra alqm conjurare, ad alqm op- 
primendum consentire (in order to oppress any- 
one) ; see Conspiracy ; 2, in dramatic writings, 
argumentum fabidae. II, v.tr. and intr. see 
above and Plan, Devise, Contrive, Conspire. 
plotter, n. see Conspirator. 

plough, I, n. aratrum ; — boy, bubidcus, in 
fig. sense a mere — boy, agrestis, rusticus; — man, 
arator (who tends the oxen) ; — share, vomer ; 
—handle, stiva. II. v.tr. arare (absol. and with 
accus.), inarare (e.g. semen, = to cover by — ing), 
exarare alqd (= to dig up, to — ), oratro subigere 
(=to break up, to till), subvertire aratro alqd (= 
to overturn with the plough) ; to — a field after 
it has been lying fallow, proscindere. plough- 
ing, n. jiroscissio (= first — , Col.). 

pluck, I. v.tr. vellere (= to tear up or away) ; 
stronger, vellicare; to — out a hair, pilum evel- 
lire; to — flowers, fiorcs cu.rpe.re; see Tear; to 
— up, evellere, eruere ; to — up courage, ani- 
mum recipere. II. n. 1, = heart, liver and 
lights of a sheep, etc., intcstina, -orum ; 2, = 
courage, animus, virtus, -litis, f. 

plug, n.' cpistomium. 

plum, a prunnm. plum-tree, n. prunus, 

f. (Col.). 

plumage, n. phimae, pennae (pinnae). 
plume, I. n. pluma, penna (pinna). II. v. 
reflex, to — oneself on, alqd ostentare,jactare, prae 
seferre. plumy, adj. plumis obduclus, plnma- 
tus, pennatus (= winged, also of an arrow ; plu- 
miger and jienniger are both poetic). 

plumber, n. artifex plumburins. 

plummet, plumb-line, a. lineu, perpen- 
diculum. 

plump, adj. pinguis ; see Fat. plump- 
ness, n. pinguitudo. 

plunder, I. v.tr. pracdari, praedam facere, 
diripere (the enemy's territory, etc., also = to 
destroy the enemy, to ransack ; in good prose 
only as t.t. representing warfare), compilare, 
expilarc (= to rob by — ), (de)six>liare, exspo- 
licre (in gen. =to rob), nuclare (=to strip), de- 
peculari (rare, = to embezzle, in a contemptuous 
sense = to — ; all these of one person or thing, 
also of several, e.g. to — men, to — houses, 
etc.), depopulari (= to lay waste, districts, etc.) ; 
to — out and out, exhaurire, exinanire, nudum 
atqae inane reddcre (= to clear a house, etc.), ever- 
rere et extergere (= to sweep and wipe clean, 
jocular instead of to — completely, to strip; a 
temple, fanum, Cic). II. n. praeda, rapina 
(= act of — ing); to live by — , rapto vircre. 
plunderer, n. direptor, spoliator, populator, 
praedator, expilator. 

plunge, I. v.tr. to — into, mergere in alqd or 
in alqd re, or merely alqd re (into anything liquid, 
e.g. into the water, in aquam, aqud ; into the 
sea, in mari), demergerc or submcrgcre, immer- 
gere (in alqd or alqd re), into, in alqd or in. 
alqd re or sub alqd re; to — a dagger, etc., see 
Thrust ; to — anyone, a State, into difficulties, 
see Precipitate, Throw. II. v. intr. to — into, 
l,~(im)mcrgcre,demergere,'submergere; 2, fig. se 
mergere cr ingurgitare in alqd. 



pluperfect, n. tempns plusquam perfection 
(Gram.). 

plural, adj. in Gram., the — number, numt» 
mspluralis, nnmcrusmultitwlinis. plurality, 
n. by plures (= more) or multitude (= a number). 

ply, v.tr. exercere. 

poach, I. v.tr. e.g. eggs, perhaps fricare 
(— to fry) ; — cd eggs, perhaps omassa or fricaUu 
II. v.intr. fwrtim /eras iiUerdpere, poacher, 

u. fur (— thief). 

pocket, I. n. sacculus (= small bag, Jar.), 
marsupium (ante and post class. ; = bag for 
holding money), crumena (= a purse for contain- 
ing small coin, a bag worn over the shoulders) ; 
the ancients had no — s in their garments, but 
they used the folds in their toga, sinus, -iis (lit. = 
bosom, in sense of — , poet, and post Aug.). II. 
v.tr. = to take away, avferre ; to — dishonestly, 
pecuniam avertere. pocket-book, n. pugil- 
lares, -ium (Plin.). pocket-handkerchief, 
n. sudarium. pocket-knife, u. cidter; see 
Knife, pocket-money, u. pecunia aid 
data. 

pod, n. siliqua. 

podagra, n. podagra, podagrae morbus. 

poem, n. carme»(=a short — , esp. a lyric — , 
a — composed according to metrical rules, such 
as the odes of Horace), poema, -atis, n. ; to make 
a — , carmen (poema) facere, fingere, scribere (in 
gen.), carmen fundere (— to make verses extem- 
pore, with ease), poesy, n. see Poetry. 
poet, n. poeta, in., carminum auctor, scriptor, 
conditor, t vales (= inspired — ). poetaster, n. 
poeta mains, poetess, n. poetria. poetical, 
adj. poeticus. Adv. poetice, poctarum more. 
poetry, n. poetice or pdetica, poesis (Quint-), or 
by poem ; see Poem. 

poignant, adj. acer; see Keen. 

point, I. n. 1, acumen (in gen.),ci«pis, -idis, f. 
(of a weapon, an arrow, etc.), srncj(i«m(=heador 
point of a dart, pike-head, the dart or arrow itself, 
opp. hostile — shaft), cacumen, culmen, fiistigium, 
vertex, -icis, in. (= the highest — of anything, also 
by summits); see Summit; 2, of land, promon- 
torium; see Cape ; 3, in writing, see Stop; 4, 
a small particle (as regards space or time), pars 
(=part. in gen.), locus (= spotj, punctumtemporis 
(= minute) ; to draw the troops together at one 
— , capias in unum locum contrahire or cogirc; the 
highest — of the mountain, summits mans; I am 
on the — of, etc. (I am about to, etc.), in eo est, 
id, etc., prope est, id, etc. (= the time is near at 
hand, when, etc.) ; to be on the — of conquer- 
ing, prope in man ibus victoriam habere ; 5, = a cir- 
cumstance, res (in gen.), tarns (= a single subject 
of which we speak), cnjw((=main — , principal 
part, one particular portion, e.g. a prima capite 
legis usque ad extremum), cardo, -inis, m. (— ■ main 
— on which anything hinges), quaestio (= the — 
in dispute), or de quo agitur, nomen (= an item 
in an account, outstanding debt) ; in this par- 
ticular — , hac in re ; the right — , res ipsa ; to 
hit the right — , rem acu tangcre (Plant.) ; not to 
the — , nihil ad rem; an important — , res magni 
momenti; the most important — , res maximi 
momenti, res gravissima, caput rei. II. v.tr. and 
intr. 1, of slierp instruments, (prae)acuere ; see 
Sharpen ; 2, with the finger at anyone or any- 
thing, digito monstrare alqd or alqm, digitum in- 
lendCre ad alqd or ad alqm(= to stretch, hold out, 
etc.); see Notice; 3, see Punctuate, point- 
blank, I. adj. direclus ; to give a — refusal, 
alqd vrorsus negare. II. adv. plane, prorsus, 
omnino; see Altogether, pointed, adj. 1, 
(proe)acutus ; 2, fig. of speech, salsus, aculeatus(=- 
stinging); ad alqd appositus (= directed to) i see 
Clear." Adv. ; - Use, apposite, pointer, n. = 3 



poi 



819 



poo 



dog, canis (yenaticus). pointless, adj. 1, see 
Blunt; 2, tig. insulsus, jrigidus,ineptus,inanis. 

poise, v.tr. Ubrare. 

poison, I. n. venenum, virus, -i, n. (= poi- 
sonous vegetable or animal juice or liquid) ; 
fig. venenum. • II. v.tr. alqd venenare (rare), 
alqd veneno imbuere; to slay many, to — 
many, multos veneno occidere ; to strangle the 
wife and — the mother, laqueo uxorem interimere 
matremque veneno; fig. to — the minds of the 
young, n;i inws adolescentium inficere mails libidi- 
nibus. poisoned, adj. venenatits(=. dipped in 
poison, mixed with poison, e.g. an arrow, javelin, 
sagitta, telum; meat, caro), veneno necatus or ab- 
sumptus(= killed by poison); — words, perhaps 
verba acerba or aculeata. poisoner, n. vene/i- 
cus (if female, vemfica). poisoning, n. vene- 
ficium(=z mixing poison, as a regular occupation, 
and as a crime), poisonous, adj. venenatus fin 
gen.), veneno imbutus or infectus or tinctus (— 
dipped in poison), veneno illUus (= besmeared 
with—). 

poke, I. v.tr. anyone, alqm fodere or fodicare; 
to — the i\re,ignem excitare. Il.v.intr.to — about, 
cdqd rimari, perscrutari. poker, n. perhaps fer- 
ramentum (= iron tool) quo ignis excitatur. 

pole, n. 1, = Iong rod, contus, pertica, Ion- 
gurius, asser, veclis; 2, of the earth, axis, cardo, 
ipolus, and t vertex ; the south — , axis meridia- 
nus ; the north — , axis septentrionalis (septemt-). 
polar, adj. septentrionalis {septemt-) ^north- 
ern), poleaxe, n. see Axe. polecat, n. feles. 

polemical, adj. by circumloc, e.g. qui cum 
alqo de alqd re disceptat or concertat, qui alqd in 
controversion vocat. polemics, n. disputa- 
tiones. 

police, n. 1, matters relating to public 
security, no exact term, use publiccte or urbanae 
securitatis cura; 2, = constables, etc., the 
c.ediles had charge of many of the functions of 
the police ; in gen. ii ipdbus- publicae securitatis 
cura Aetata est (— — officers), policeman, n. 
unus e publicae securitatis custodibus. 

policy, n. ratio rei publicae gerendae, cxvili- 
tas (in Quint, as trans, of 7roAiTiK>j), disciplina 
reipublicae ; fig. prudcatia, callidilas, consilium. 
politic, adj. prudens, sagax, astutus, callidus, 
circumspectus, providus ; see Cunning, Wise, 
Prudent, political, adj. referring to the 
State, civilis (as trans, of the Greek ttoActikos, 
which does not exist in Latin, = referring to 
the State or to State affairs ; e.g. oratio civilis), 
publicus (= relating to public affairs), politicus 
(= relating to — science) ; — storms, tempora 
turbulcnta, turbulentae in civitate tempestatcs ; a 
— discussion, sermo de rcpublicd habihis, ; — 
writings, ecripta quae ad rempublicam gerendam 
pertinent; — science in gen., ratio civilis, rei- 
publicae gerendae ratio; see State. Adv., use 
adj. politician, n. vir rerum civilium pcritus, 
vir rcgendae civitatis pcritus or sciens. politics, 
n. respublica, or in pi. res publicae (e.g. ad rem- 
publicam accedere, = to take up — ). polity, n. 
■respublica, genus, -cris, n., or forma reipublicae, 
ratio civilis. 

polish, I. v.tr. (ex)polire, perpolire (lit. and 
fig., in tig. sense also limare). II. n. 1, lit. 
nilor, caiulor ; see Brightness; 2, tig. circum- 
loc. with lima (his writings lack — , scriptis ejus 
lima deesl); see Politeness, polished, adj. lit. 
by past part, of Polish, I. ; see also Polite. 

polite, adj. urbanus, comis, humanus, affa- 
Wis, blandus, officiosus (esp. towards superiors). 
Adv. urbane, comiter, humane, humaniter, blande, 
ojjiciose. politeness, n. urbanitas, comitas, 
humanitas, affabilitas. 

poll, I. n. 1, see Head; 2, ^register of 



heads, perhaps index nominum ; 3, = entry 
of the names of electors, see Vote, Llect, 
Register. II. v.tr. 1, lit. (am)putarc, praeci 
dire ; 2, = to give votes, see Vote, pollard, 
n. urbor, -oris, f., (am)putata. polling, n. 
see Voting. polling-booth, n. saeptum, 
ovile. poll-tax, n. to impose a — , tributum 
in singula capita imponere. 

pollute, v.tr. pollucrc. pollution, n. pol- 

lulio. 

poltroon, n. see Coward. 

polygamy, n. to live in a state of — , solere 
plures uxores habere (of a man), pluribus nuptam 
esse (of a woman). 

polyglot, adj. pluribus Unguis scriptus. 

polygon, n. * polygonum, polygonal, adj. 
polygonius (Vitr.), t midtangulus (Lucr.). 

polypus, n. polypus, -odis, m. (as animal, 
Phu., and as tumour in the nose, Cels.). 

polytheism, n. multorum deorum cullus, -us. 
polytheist, n. qui multos deos colit. 

pomatum, n. capillare (in gen., Mart.). 

pomegranate, n. malum grandtum or 
Punicum (Col.). 

pommel, I. n. of a saddle, umbo sellae. II. 
v.tr. see Beat. 

pomp, n. apparatus, -us; = show of magni- 
ficence, venditatio, venditatio atque ostentatio (= 
boasting, swaggering) ; — of words, inanis ver- 
borum strepitus, -us, quaedam species atque pompa ; 
to speak with a show of — , in dicendo adhibere 
quandam speciem atque pomjxim. pompous, 
adj. 1, magnijicus, jactans, gloriosus, arrogans, 
insolens; see Boastful; 2, of style, inflatns, 
lumidus; see Inflated. Adv. magnijice, gloriose, 
arroganter, insolenter. pompousness, pom- 
posity, n. 1, magnificentia, arrogantia, in- 
solentia; 2, of words, insolentia verborum, or by 
adj. ; see Inflation. 

pond, n. stagnum (=any stagnant pool of 
water, also fish — ), piscina (= fish — ) y locus, -us 
(= a lake, whether by nature or artificial). 

ponder, v.tr. and intr. ponderare, secum re- 
putare ; see Consider, ponderous, adj. see 
Weighty. 

poniard, n. see Dagger. 

pontiff, n. pontifex; see Priest, Pope. 

pontoon, n. ponto. 

pony, n. nuxnnus, mannidus (of Gallic race, 
Plin. Min.), or equ us parvus. 

poodle, n. cants. 

pool, n. lacuna (= a body of stagnant water), 
t volutabrum (= a muddy place in which swine 
delight to roll) ; sec Pond. 

poop, n. puppis. 

poor, adj. = in kind or nature, deficient in its 
proper qualities, malus, vilis (= of small worth), 
mediocris(— middling), deterior(— less good, su- 
pcrl. deterrimus), pejor (superl. pessimus) ; — liv- 
ing, tenuis victus, -us ; — speech, oratio jejuna; — 
cottage, casaexigua; = barren, inopsalcjs rei (or 
alqd re or ab alti& re), sterilis (= unproductive) ; 
— in words, imps verborum ; ■=. not rich, pauper 
(n-eVr;?, opp. dives), tenuis (= of small means, opp. 
locuples), egens, indigens (= needy, wanting neces- 
saries, opp. abundans), tenuis atque egois; i>wps 
(= without resources, opp. opulentus), mendicus 
(= a beggar) ; somewhat — , pauperculus ; the 
— , pauperes, tenuis vitae homines (= having a 
slender income), capite censi (so called be- 
cause the poorest were in the census taken 
by numbers, without regard to property), also 
prolctarii (from proles = offspring) ; = wretched, 
pitiable, miser, misellus, in/elix, miserandus; a 



pop 



820 



pos 



— fellow, homo mtsellus ; — fellow ! vac, me ((e) 
misenim! poorhouse, n. ptochotrophium 
(Jet), or by circuinloc. (e.g. aedes piiblice 
■jito indigentibus aedificatae). poor-laws, n. 
leges de indigentibus factae. poorly, I. adv 
tenuiter, mediocriter, misere. II. adj. see 111. 
poverty, n. paupcrtas, angustiae rei familiar is 
'= narrow means), difficultas domestica, tcnuitas, 
egestas (= want), inopia (= destitution), mendici- 
(us (= mendicity), in comb, cgestas ac mendicitas; 

— of mind, ani mi egest as, tennis elangusta ingenii 
vena (Quint.) ; — of words, verboriim inopia, 
inopia ac jejunitas, sermonis inopia; — in your 
mother tongue, egestas patrii sermonis. 

pop, I. n. crepitus, -us. II. v.intr. crepare; 
to — out, evaders, ex(s)ilire. 

pope, n. * pontifex Romanus,* papa, popish, 
adj. * papisticits. 

poplar, n. populus, f.; of the — ,pdpuleus. 

poppy, n. papdver, -iris, n. 

popular, adj. in vulgus grains; see under 
People, populate, v.tr. see under People. 

porch, n. vestibulum; in a temple or church, 
pronaos (npovaos). 

porcupine, n. hystrix (Flm.). 

pore, n. foramen (e.g. foramina invisibilia 
corporis (Cels.). porosity, n. raritas. porous, 
ri\j. fist ulosus (Plin., = full of holes), spongiosis, 
r urns. 

pore, v.tr. to — over a book, in Hbro alqo 
haerere ; to — over, totum se abdere in alqd. 

pork, n. (coro) suilla or porcina. porker, 
n. porcus. 

porphyry, n. porphyrites (Plin.). 

porpoise, n. porcuhts marimts (Plin.). 

porridge, n. puis, -lis, f. ; see Broth, Sour, 
Oatmeal. 

porringer, n. see Plate. 

port, n. I, portus, -its; see Harbouk ; 2, see 
Gait. 

portable, adj. quod portari or gestari potest. 

portcullis, n. cataracta. 

portend, v.intr. portendere, augurari, signi- 
ficare, praemonstrare, praenuntiare- portent, 
n. portentum, ostentum, prodigium, monstrum, 
signum, omen, augurium, auspicium, t avis. 
portentous, adj. portentosus, monstr(u)osns, 
T prodigiosns. Adv. monstr(u)ose. 

porter, n. 1, = keeper of a lodge, janitor 
(female, janitrix), ostiarius ; see Door-keeper, 
Gate-keeper ; 2, = one who carries burdens, 
bajidus ; 3, see Beer. 

portfolio, n. scrinium. 

porthole, u. fenestra. 

portico, n. portions, -iis, f. 

portion, I. n. pars,portio; see Part, Share. 
II. v.tr. see Divide. 

portly, adj. see Stout. 

portmanteau, n. vidulus, arerta(= cloak - 
bag carried behind a horse, late Imperial Rome). 

portrait, n. imago (picta) ; anyone's — , 
effigies ex facie ipsius similitudinc cxpressa. 
portrait-painter, n. pictor qui homines 
mloribus reddit. portray, v.tr. depiugcre (in 
words or colours); see Describe, Paint. 

position, n. collocatio(= mode in which any- 
thing is placed, e.g. of the stars, siderum, Cic.), 
status, -us, habitus, -Us, or by pos itu m esse ; fig. = 
circumstances, status, -us (= state in which any- 
thing is), condicio (= condition, rank in society, 
circumstances), locus (= — in which a person is 
placed, Caes.), tempvs, tempora(= change in one's 
circumstances which from time to tiro" *ske8 



place; hence often = bad, difficult circumstan- 
ces), res (= affairs, etc., in gen.), fortuna (= out- 
ward circumstances, fortune). 

positive, adj. a — law, lex scripta (opp. lex 
nata) ; the — right, jus civile (opp. jus natu- 
rale), also merely leges ; = certain, ccrtvs; a — 
statement, affirmatio ; I make a — statement, aio, 
affirmo ; the — degree, positivus (gradus, -«») 
(Prise). Adv. affirmate, cerlo ; to know — , certo 
or certis auctoribus comperisse ; to assert — , affir- 
mare, conjirmare. positiveness, n. = positive 
assertion, affirmatio; — certainty, by circuinloc. 
(e.g. alqd certum habere, alqd afjirmarc). 

possess, v.tr. possidere (ingenium, magnam 
vim, etc.), alqd or possessionem rei habere or 
tenere, inpossessionerei esse, habere (auctoritatem), 
tenere( = to hold, e.g. tu meum habes, tenes, pos- 
sicks), alqd re praeditum, instructum, ornatum or 
affectum esse( = to be gifted with), inesse alci or in 
alqo; with est and genit. or dat, virtus est vir- 
ium (= virtue — es strength), est mihi liber (= I 
— a book), or with the ablat. (e.g. Hortensivs erat 
tantd memorid ut, etc., = Hortensius — ed such 
a memory, that, etc.) ; to — partitively, alcjs rei 
participem esse ; all men cannot, — all things, non 
omnes omnium participes esse posmnt; not to — , 
carere re ; to — not at all, alcjs rei expertem esse ; 
to — richly, alqd re abundare or valerc. posses- 
sion, n. posscssio ; a taking — , occu patio; = the 
object possessed, posscssio, bo)\a, -orum, res sua. 
possessive, adj. possessivus (casus) (Gram.). 
possessor, n. jwssessor, dominus. 

possible, adj. quod esse, fieri or effici potest, 
quod per rerum naturam admitti potest ; a — case, 
condicio quae per rerum naturam admitti )x>test or 
simply condicio (Cic.) ; if it is, were — , if — , 
si potest, si posset; as much as ■ — , quantum 
potest (poterit, etc.); it is — that, etc., fieri 
potest, ut, etc. ; as much as it is — , quoad fieri 
potest or poterit ; as ... as — , quam with superb 
(e.g. as early as — , quam maturrime ; as quick 
as — , quam celerrime ; as shortly as — , quam 
brcvissime) ; he joined his colleague with his 
army in as rapid marches as — , quantis maxim.it 
poterat itineribus exercitum ducebat ad collegam; 
to show every — care, omnem, quam possum, 
curam adhibere ; every — , often merely omnis. 
Adv. fieri potest ut, etc. ; see Perhaps, pos- 
sibility, n. condicio (= possible case, Cic), 
potestas or facultas or copia alqd faciendi (= pos- 
session ; potestos, as permission, power ; facul- 
tas and copia = the opportunities), locus alcjs 
re£(= opportunity given through circumstances ; 
e.g. he denies the — of this idea, negat esse posse 
hanc notioncm) ; also when — implies that a 
thing can be done, by fieri or effici posse (e.g. 
they deny the — of anything, alqd fieri posse 
negant). 

post, I. n. 1, postis (of a gate, etc.) ; arrec- 
taria, -orum, n. (lit. what stands erect, opp. 
transversaria, Vitr.) ; pains (= a stake), cippus 
(esp. gravestone) ; 2, = military station, locus 
(= place in gen .), static (= outpost, guard), praesi- 
dium(= any place taken by the troops, and which 
is to be defended); 3, = office, locus, munns, 
■cris, n., partes, -ium ; 4, = system of public 
conveyance, res vercdaria, res vehicularia(=Hie 
whole institution, Imperial Rome), rei vehicular 
riaecuratores(= the persons connected with it) ; 
5, system of conveyance of letters, tabellarii 
(= letter-carriers) ; to send through the — , 
alqd per tabellarios mit'ere; to put into the — , 
alqd tabellario perferendum committere. II, 
v.tr. 1, of travelling, letters, etc. ; see I. 4, 5 ; 2, 
of troops, (dis)ponere, (col)locare, constitvere ; 3, 
= to affix a notice, etc., proponere. postage, 
n. vecturae pretium ; to pay the — , pro veciurd 
solvere, post-chaise, n. vehiculv.m. publicum, 



p09 



821 



pra 



raeda cursualis (Imperial Rome), postern, 
11. postica, postieum. posthaste, adv. gumma 
celeritaie or quam celerrime. postillion, n. see 
Rider, Groom, postman, n. tabellarius (= 
•private messenger) ; sec Post I. 5. postscript, 
n. alqd epistulae additum. 
posterior, adj. posterior. 

posterity, n. posteritas (in a wide sense, 
tint only poetic for progenies or stirps), poster i, 
t minores. 

posthumous, adj. post patrcm mortvum 
natus. 

postmeridian, adj. postmeridianus or 
pome rid ianus, post meridiem (opp. ante meridiem), 
tempore pomeridiano, horis pomeridianis. 

postpone, v.tr. diffcrre, pro/erre, re(j)iccre ; 
see Defer. 

postulate, n. sumptio. 

posture, n. 1, of body, status, habitus, ges- 
f us (all -iis); 2, = condition of affairs, status, -iis, 
res, condicio, ratio ; see State. 

pot, n. olla; a small — , ollulu. potbel- 
lied, adj. ventriosus. potherb, n. olus, -eris, 
n. pothook, n. uncus; in writing, uncus 
quern, dicunt. pothouse, n. caupona. pot- 
Sherd, n. testa, pottage, n. jut, juris, n. 

potent, adj. see Powerful, Efficacious. 

potentate, n. res, tyrannus; see Sove- 
reign. 

potential, adj. potentialis (Gram.); see also 
Possible. 

potion, n. potio ; see Philtre. 

potter, n. figulus; a — 's work, opusfiglinum, 
opera figlina or fictilia, n. pi. (of several pieces) ; 
— 's vessels, earthenware, (opus) figlinum, opera 
figlina ; — 's wheel, rota Jigularis or figuli ; — 's 
workshop, figlina (Plin.). pottery, n. 1, the 
art, ars Jigularis ; 2, — things made; see under 
Potter. 

pouoh, n. sacculus, saccus ; see Bag. 

poultice, n. cataplasma, -atis, n. (Cels.) ; 
malagma, -atis, n. (= an emollient — , Cels.) ; a 
mustard — , sinapismus. 

poultry, n. aves cohortales (kept in the 
yard) (Col.), altiles, -ium(= fattened — ). poul- 
terer, n. qui altiles vendit. 

pounce, v.intr. to — upon ; see Seize. 

pound, I. n. 1, libra, (libra) pondo (in weight, 
of hard substances), libra mensurd (of liquids); 
a bowl the gold of \yhich weighs five — s, patera 
ex quinque auri (libris) pondo ; 2, of money, use 
libra Anglicana as t.t., but use argentum or 
pecv nia where possible ; 3, = enclosure for stray 
animals, saeptum publicum. II. v.tr. (con)- 
tundere, (wn)terere. 

pour, I, v.tr. l,fundere; to — into, infun- 
dere in alqd ; to — upon or over, supcrfundere 
alci rei. II. v.intr. 1, of rain, (rfjfundi; 2, tig. 
to — forth, (ef) fundi, or se (ef)fundere ; 3, to — 
along, ferri ; 4, to — off, defundere. pour- 
ing, adj. effusus (of rain). 

pout, v.intr. perhaps frontem, contrahere (= 
to frown). 

poverty, n. see Poor. 

powder, I. n., in gen., pulvis, -eris; as 
medicine, pulvis medicatus. II. v.tr. 1, to 
reduce to — , in pulverem contercre (Plin.) ; 2, = 
to sprinkle with — , pulvere conspergcre. 

power, n. if internal, potentia or vires, -ium, 
(= strength) ; if external, vis (= force) or potes- 
tas (= authority from office), jus, juris, n., 
potestasque, potestas ac dicio or dicio alone (= 
authority), facultas alcjs rei faciendae (— — 



of doing anything), copiae, opes, -um, facilitates, 
■um(— resources), robur, nervi, larerti (= physi- 
cal — ) ; to strive with all one's — , omni ope 
eniti ut ; it is in my — , est or jiusituvi or situm 
est in med martu, Or potentate ; to reduce under 
one's — , suae dicionis facire; to be under 
the — of, sub alcjs dicione utque imverio esse ; to 
do anything by — , per van fucere alqd; to 
possess — , vim habere ; to compel anyone by — -, 
■manus inferre alci ; — over persons or a nation, 
potestas, imperium (= military — or command) ; 
unlimited — , dominatio, summum imperium, 
siimmarerum. powerful, adj. 1, physically, 
validus, viribvs pollens, robustus, valcns, lacerto- 
sus,firmus; 2, in influence, etc., potens, ralens, 
validus, gravis (— weighty, of character) ; 3, of 
medicine, cjjicax, potens (Plin.) ; 4, of speech, 
gravis, nervosus, validus (Quint.). Adv. valide 
(not in Cic. or Caes.), yravitcr, vehementer, 
valde (= very — ). powerless, adj. invalid us, 
impotent, infirmus, imbecillus, languidus, irritiis; 
in political sense, cui opes tion suppeditani ; see 
Weak, powerlessness, n. imbecillitas, in- 
jirmilas; in political sense by circumloc (e.g. 
he felt his — , sensit sibi opes deesse) ; see Weak- 
ness. 

practicable, adj. quod fieri or ejjici potest, 
facilis (— easy, opp. difficilis) ; anything is — , res 
facilitutem habet; it is not —, fieri or ejfici non 
potest, practicability, U. facultas, potestas. 
practical, adj. in agendo jxisitus, usu peritus, 
ipso -usu perdoctus; — knowledge, usus, -us; to 
have a — knowledge of anything, alqd usu cog- 
iiitum habere, alqd usu didicisse, alcjs rei vsum 
habere ; — use, utilitas (us regards public life). 
Adv. (ex) usu ; to learn a thing — , USU discere 
alqd. practice, n. 1, — exercise, etc., usus, •fu, 
ususrerum(= exercise and experience); exercita- 
lio, tractatio, comb, vsus et exercitalio, usus et 
traclatio ; to have more — than theory, minus 
in studio quam in rebus et usu rersatitm esse ; 
we must combine theory and — , discos o]X>rtet et 
quud didicisti agendo confirmes ; the — of >tn 
attorney, caus(s)arum actio; of a physician, 
surgeon, medicinae tisus et tractatio ; 2, = 
habit, i/ios, consuetudo ; to make a — of, solere ; 
see Custom, practise, v.tr. alqd fucere, exer- 
cere, factitare, tractare ; see Practice, prac- 
titioner, n. medicus. 

praetor, n. praetor, praetorian, adj. 
praetorius, praetorianus^Sixc). praetorship, 
n. praetura. 

pragmatical, adj. molestus, qui res alienas 
tractat. 

prairie, n. campus. 

praise, I. v.tr. laudare (in gen.), laudem 
alci tribuere, laudem alci impertire or laude alqm 
impertire, laude alqm afficere (= to give — to), 
collaudare (with others), dilaudare (very much, 
almost too much), praedicare alqm or de alqo 
(aloud and openly). II. n. laus, -dis, f . (in a sub- 
jective and objective sense), laudalio (=■ a lau- 
datory oration), praedicatio (=the act of recom- 
mending one for a meritorious deed, esp. openly 
and in public, e.g. qiwc praedicatio de med laude 
]rraetermissa est) ; they give — and thanks unto 
the gods, diis laudes grotesque agunt. praise- 
worthy, adj. laudabilis, laude dignus, laudan- 
dus, colluudandus, praedicandus : to l>e — , laudi 
esse; to bo considered — , laude dignum duet, 
laudi duci. Adv. laudatiliter. 

prance, v.intr. perhaps viagnifice incedere 
(of i person), ex(s)ultare (of a horse). 

prank, n. to play — s, perhaps lascivire. 

prate, prattle, v. see Babble, Chatter. 

pray, v.intr. and tr. 1, precari, preces or 
precationC facire (generally ; more poet, prects 



pre 



822 



pre 



fundcre), supplicare (humbly, upon one's knees) ; 
to God, precari Deum or ad Deum, orare or invo- 
cure Deum (=to invoke), Deo supplicate (= to 
entreat humbly) ; to — unto God that He, etc., 
•precari a Deo, tit, etc. ; to — for, alqd a Deo precari 
or petere ; 2, = to entreat for, in more gen. sense, 
(ej)jlagitare, petere, (ex)poscere, imphrare, rogare, 
orare alqd ; to — and beseech, rogare atque 
orare, petere ac deprecari. prayer, n. prccatio, 
mpplicatio, prcces, -urn (= the formulary, book 
of common — ), rotorum nwncupattp (in which 
we make promises), prayerful, adj. prayer- 
fully, adv. suppler, praying, n. prccatio, pri- 
ces, -urn, mpplicatio (humble) ; a clay of — and 
thanksgiving, supplicatio et gratulutio ; to ap- 
point — , supplicatiotiem decemere. 

preach, v.tr. and intr. * conUonari (the 
usual term in writers after the Reformation), 
* praedicare, or orationem (sacram) habere, e 
(sacro) suggestu dicere, in caetu Christ iaiim urn 
verba facere, de rebus divinis dicere ; to — about, 
in the context, dicere de alqd re, oratione ex- 
plicare alqd. preacher, n. * praedicator ; — 
to deaf ears, monitor non exauditus. 

preamble, n, exordium ; see Introduc- 
tion'. 

precarious, adj. incertus. Adv. parum or 
11011 eerto. 

precaution, n. cautio, or by verb providcrc, 
praecavere, 

precede, v.tr. antelre, antegredi, antecedere, 
praeire, praegredi. precedence, n. prior 
locus; to have the — before anyone, aid ante- 
cedcre; to let anyone have the — , aid cedere, 
alqm j,riore loco ire jubcre. preceding, adj. 
antecedent, praeccdens ; = last, prior, su]>erior; 
= the one. immediately before, proximvs. pre- 
cedent, n. see Example. 

precentor, n. praecantcr (late). 

precept, n. praeceplnm (beforehand, what 
and how it is to be clone), procscriptum, prae- 
scriptio (= rule, made by a higher authority, and 
which we have to follow, e.g. naturae, rationis ; 
the former the — itself, the latter the act of 
prescribing), lex (made into law). 

preceptor, n. magister ; see ^jcher. 

precincts, n. ambitus, -iis; see Limit, Dis- 
trict. 

precious, adj. magnificus, splendidits, eyre- 
gius, eximius, ptdcherriinus, jncundiisimus, sua- 
vissimus ; — stones, gemmae. 

precipice, n. Incus prueceps. 

precipitate, I. v.tr. praecipitare (from, ex 
or de alqo loco, into, etc., in alqm locum, headlong, 
lit. and fig.), de(j)icere, from (ab or de)alqo loco, 
into, in <dqm locum, deturbare, de or ex alqo loco, 
in alqm locum ; to — oneself, sate praecipitare, or 
merely praecipitare, or, in the sense of the 
middle voice in Greek, praedpitari, from, etc., 
0/50 loco, de or ex alqo loco ; into, in abpn locum; 
(e.g. into ruin, in exitium), over, super alqm 
locum, se de(j)iccre, se ab(j)icere (= to throw 
oneself down from the wall into the sea, c 
muro in mare se abjicere), inferri or se Inferre 
in cdqd (= to rush into, e.g. in ftammas, in 
medios igncs, also fig., e.g. se inferre in capitis 
periculum). II. adj. temerarius, praeceps; see 
Hasty, Rash. Adv. temrre. precipitancy, 
precipitation, n. temeritas ; see Rashness. 
precipitous, adj. praeceps, praeruptus. 

precise, adj. (_de)finitus (= marked out), ac- 
curatus (= accurate), svbtilis (= accurate in the 
choice of words). Adv. snbtiliter; = altogether, 
plane; by ipse (e.g. ipso in tempore, = — at the 
right time); see Exact, Accurate, preci- 



sion, n. subtilitas, proprietas vrrborwn ; sec 
Accuracy. 

preclude, v.tr. see Hinder, Exclude. 

precocious, adj. praecox (lit. of fruit, and 
fig. post Aug. of talents); see Premature. 

preconceived, adj. praejudicatus. pre- 
conception, n. scntentia praejiidicata. 

preconcerted, adj. ex composito(Jactns,etp.). 

precursor, n. praecursor (lit., Hin.), prae- 
nuntius, lig. 

predatory, adj. piracdatorius. 

predecessor, n. in office, decessor (anteces- 
sor, only by Jet.) ; he is my — , succedo ei. 

predestination, n. praedestinatio (Eccl.). 
predestine, v.tr. praedestinare (Liv.; ; in a 
theol. sense, praefinire. 

predetermine, v.tr. praefinire. 

predicable, adj. quod olci rei attribui 

potest. 

predicament, n. an awkward — , diffi- 
cnltas. 
predicate, I. n. attributio, attribvtum, res 

attrihvta, i/l quod rebiis or personis attribnitur 
or attribution est (= to attribute). II. v.tr. alqd 
de alqd re praedicare, dicere; sec Say. 

predict, v.tr. praedicere ; see Prophesy. 
prediction, n. praedictio; see Prophecy. 

predilection, n. see Affection. 

predispose, v.tr. animum ad alqd prae- 
parare or componere. predisposed, adj. pro- 
pensus or proclivis ad alqd. predisposition, 
n. animi ad aladproclivitas, voluntatis inclinatio, 
studium. 

predominance, n. 1, = power, potevtia ; 
see Power ; 2, = greater number of. by plures. 
predominate, v.intr. 1, dominari; 2, plures 
esse, predominating, adj. see Chief. 

preeminence, n. praestantia, exceUentia. 
eminentia. preeminent, adj. iiracslabilis, 
praestans, excellcns, praecipuus, summus, optimus, 
conspicuus, insignis. Adv. praecipue; see Ha- 

PECIALLY. 

preexist, v.intr. anteaexstare or esse, pre- 
existence, n. by verb. 

preface, I. n. prooemium (= introduction), 
praefatio (in disputations, to ask permission or 
to apologise, etc. ; then = written — to a book); 
— to a book, prooemium libri (not ad librum), 
prooemium libra additum. II. v.tr. praefari ( = 
both to write a — and to make one in speaking), 
praefationem dicere (in speaking), prooemium 
scribere (= to write), prefatory, adj. to make 
a few — remarks, pauca praefari. 

prefect, n. praefecfus. prefecture, n. 
praefectura. 

prefer, v.tr. 1, praeponere, anteponere, prae- 
ferre, anteferrc(\n gen.), alqm jioiissimnm diligere 
(= to esteem very highly), alqd alci rei posthabere 
(= to hold one thing inferior to another) ; prae- 
optare with infin. (= to wish rather), mnlle 
with infin. (to wish rather, e.g. mori maluit); 
2, sec Promote ; 3, see Accuse, preferable, - 
adj. potior, praeoptandus, praestabilior, or by 
compar. of any adj. = excellent ; see Good, 
Excellent. Adv. potius. preference, n. 
by verb Prefer, preferment, n. by special 
name, of office (e.g. consxdatns), or by honos (= 
office). 

prefix, I. v.tr. praeponere, anteponere; prae- 
scribere. (in writing). II. n. syllaba ante- 
posita. 

pregnancy, n. praegnaiio (of a female with 
child), graviditas (more advanced, Cic). preg- 
nant, adj. 1, praegnans (in gen. of women and 



pre 



823 



pre 



animals, fig. = full of anything), gravida (in a 
more advanced state), gruviiluta (fig.) ; to be 
— , gravidam or praegnatum esse, ventrem fern, 
partum ferre or (jest are ; to be — by anyone, 
gravulam esse ex alio; 2, of language, pressus 
(concise) ; of events, magni or inaximi moment i ; 
see Importance. 

prehensile, adj. quod ad prehendendum 
aptutn or accommodatum est. 

prejudge, v.tr. j'ri-us judicare quam alqs 
alqd sciat. 

prejudice, I. n. opinio praejudicata, alqd 
praejudicaii, opinio praesumpta (preconceived) ; 
opinio pram (= wrong opinion), opinio Jicta ( = 
a false opinion, in the context often simply 
opinio — erroneous opinion), opinionis commen- 
tum(= fanciful dream); a — still more confirmed 
through the teaching of others, opinio conjir- 
mate; to have a — against anyone, male de 
alqo opinari ; to come anywhere with a — , 
alqd praejudkati efferre. II. v.tr. alqm tiki sus- 
pectum reddere, alqm or alcjs animuin alienum, 
redden or alienare ab alqo; to become — d 
against anyone, ak alqo alienari ; to become 
— d, ab alqo alieiuttum esse, ab alqo animo 
esse alieno or averso, very much, ab alqo animo 
esse avcrsissimo. prejudicial, adj. sec In- 
jurious. 

prelate, n. * episcopus. 

preliminary, adj. see Prefatory. 

prelude, I. n. 1, prooemivm; 2, fig. pro- 
htsio, praclusio atque praccursio (Plin. Jlin.). 
II. v.tr. 1, perhaps pronemium cane re (fixing 
sense by context) ; 2, fig- nuntiare ; see An- 
nounce. 

premature, adj. 1, lit. praematurvs, prae- 
cox (Plin.), immalurus; 2, fig. praematnrus, 
} praecox, imnwturus, praepropenis. Adv. prae- 
mature. 

premeditate, v.tr. praemeditari{ = to think 
over beforehand); — d act, quod ex consulto 
fit. premeditation, a praemedUatio ; see 
Purpose. 

premier, n. = prime minister, perhaps penes 
quern est summit reijmblicuc. 

premise, v.tr. praefari. premises, n. 
aedificium (or in pi.), damns, -us (irreg.); see 
House, Building. 

premiss, n. propositio (major), assumpHo 
(minor), premisses, n. coneessa, -orum, or «i 
quae antecesserunt. 

premium, n. praemimn. 

premonition, n. monitio, monitum. pre- 
monitory, adj. quod praemonet. 

preoccupy, v. praeoccujjare (= to seize 
beforehand), in pass, to be — ied, totum alci rei 
deditum. esse, preoccupation, n. praeoccu- 
patio (lit.), animus alci rei deditus (fig.). 

preparation, n. praeparatio (in gen.) ap- 
paratio'= a getting ready everything), praemedi- 
tatio^ = premeditation, e.g. futwrorum malorum), 
meditatio ( = the preparing of a lesson, etc.), com- 
mentatio (=the thinking over anything, e.g. a 
play, a speech) ; — for a war, apparatus, -iis, belli; 
to make — for a war, helium (ap)parare. pre- 
paratory, adj. quod alqd parol ; see Prepare. 
prepare, v.tr. praeparare (for a future object), 
{<>p)parare (= to get everything ready), instru- 
ere (= to provide everything necessary) ; to — 
oneself for, se pea-are, se praeparare ad alqd 
(in gen.), (ap)parare alqd (= to make preparation 
for), animum praeparare ad alqd, seoTanimttm 
componere ad alqd (to — one's mind), ante medi- 
tari alqd, praemeditari alqd (= to think over, a 
lesson, etc.1 commentari alqd (= to think over, 



e.g. a plan, a sermon) ; to — for war, se parare ad 
helium, helium, parare or apparare, belli appara- 

turn iustruere. 

preponderance, preponderate, n., 

v.intr., see Predominance, Predominate. 

prepossess, v.tr. capire or ocrupare(- to 
preoccupy, to get the start of anything, to cause 
it to be in one's favour), ddenire, permulcire (to 
win over) ; to — anyone's mind for anyone, 
animuin. alcjs comiliare ad hcnevolcntiam crga 
alqm. prepossessing, adj. see Agreeable, 
Charming, prepossession, n. se ate ntia prae- 
judicata; see Prejudice. 

preposterous, adj. praeposterus; see Per- 
verse. 

prerequisite, n. sec Requisite. 

prerogative, n. quod alci proprium est. 

presage, I. v.tr. portendere(= to foreshow), 
praesagire ( = to forebode) ; see Foretell, Pro- 
phesy, Forebode. II. n. praesugixnn. 

Presbyter, n. 'presbyter. 

prescient, adj. \ praesciens, or sagax; see 
Wise. 

prescribe, v.tr. praescribert (— to order, and 
of a doctor), prescription, n. 1, = custom, 
tisus, -iis; 2, = medical, viedicameuti praesarip- 
tio. -prescriptive, adj. —right, perhaps jus 
ex usu factum. 

presence, n. 1, praesentia ; frequent — , 
assiduitas; in anyone's — , coram alqo praesente 
(but apud alqm when addressing anyone, e.g. 
dicere, loqui, verba facrre apud alqm); 2, — of 
mind, perhaps animus a/l omnia paratus. pre- 
sent, I. adj. render by circumloc, as rpii tame 
est, qui hodieest; the — Consul, qui nuncConsul 
est; my scholar and now my friend, discipulus 
mens, nunc amicus; the — state of things, hie 
renm status. Praesens, = that which prevails 
and continues now in contrast with that which 
prevailed or will prevail at another time. 
Instans, to signify that which is imminent or 
at hand; "the — " is represented by hie; 
haec tempera, = the — time ; according to the — 
silly custom, more hoc insulso ; at — , in prae- 
scnti; for me — , in praesens (tempus); the — 
tense, praesens lempits (Gram.) ; to be — , adesse, 
interesse. Adv. mox (- soon), statim (= imme- 
diately). II. v.tr. to — anus, telwn trigSre hon- 
oris caus{s)a; sec Give, Introduce. III. n. 
sec Gift. 

presentiment, n. \praesagivm (absolute 
or with gen.) and pratsagitio (absolute, as ;i 
faculty within us) ; see Forebode. 

preserve, I. v.tr. 1, nutinere, mstentare (in 
gen. to keep up, e.g. the world, health), by any- 
thing, «/'/(l re; serrare, conservare (= to — so as 
to keep it, e.g. property, rem familiarcm cons., = 
to save), tueri (= to have an eye upon, to guard 
from falling, also to keep a building in repair, also 
= to entertain, keep), comb, tueri et conscrrure, 
alere (through nursing ; then in gen. = to keep), 
comb, alere et susUntare, sustentare ct alere, one s 
health, M let ud inem tueri .; see Keep, Save ; 2, 
= to conserve, condire. II. n. = consei ve, fruc- 
tus, -its, conditus. preserver, n. (con)se>-raror 
(fern, conserratrix), sedutis auctor. preserva- 
tion, n. conscrratio, Initio (= the act), salus r 
-utis, f., incolumitas (= safety); the desire of 
self-— is innate in every being, omni amniaU 
primus ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus a 
naturo dates at, se ut conservet (Cic.). 

preside, v.intr. praaiaen ; to — at, alci rei 
praesidcre, alci rei praeesse. presidency, n. 
prae/ertura or in certain cases (e.g. the Indian 
Presidencies), provincia. president, n.praeses,- 



pre 



824 



pri 



.Wis (= who presides), pnnceps, caput (= head) ; 

— ut a trial, qui jndicio protest. 

press, I. n. 1, = a macliine for pressing, 
prelum (in gen. use it also for printing — ), tor- 

cular (for wine, etc.); 2, fig. e.g. freedom of 
the — , libertas or licentia alcjs rei scribendae or 
edendae. II. v.tr. 1, in a machine, prelo premere, 
prelo alqd sub(j)ic&re ; 2, = to squeeze, premere, 
comprimere; 3,= to urge, to — upon, alqmurgere, 
prendre, alci instare, alqm rexare (= to worry), 
jrropellere (= to drive forward); his creditors 
— ed him, ei instabant creel itores; to be — ed by 
business, occu-prttionibus distineri; 4, = to per- 
suade, alci instare, alqd ab alqo (ex)pctere ; 5, 
= to enlist by force, nautas vi comparare. 
III. v.intr. to — forward, contendere (e.g. to the 
camp, in castra; to go to Rome, Romam ire); 
see Hasten, press-gang, n. giti nautas vi 
comparant. pressing, adj. magni or rnaximi 
moment L, gravis ; see Important, Urgent. 
pressure, n. 1, lit. pressio (Yitr.), pressus, -us, 
compressio.impet us,nisus, -us ; 2, flg.by circuinloc., 
e.g. under — of danger, instunte periculo or 
periculo coactus. 

prestige, u. nomen (= mere name), gloria, 
fama ; see Fame, Reputation. 

presume, v.intr. 1, = to take liberties, be ar- 
rogant, sibi arrogare, sumere ut ; 2, = to assume 
(a thing to be true, etc.), putare; see Suppose. 
presumption, n. 1, arrogantia ; see Inso- 
lence ; 2, = conjecture, conjectura; there is a 

— in favour of anyone, perhaps hoc pro or ab 
alqo stat. presumptive, adj. quod ex con- 
jecturd cognitum est, opinabilis. Adv. ex con- 
jecturd. presumptuous, adj. arrogant ; see 
Insolent. Adv. arroganter. presumptu- 
ousness, n. see Presumption. 

pretence, n. simulatio, species, verba, -orum 
(mere words, opp. to reality) ; without — , sine 
fuco ac fallaciis. pretend, v.tr. and intr. simu- 
lare ; they — ed that they wanted to go hunting, 
and left the town, per speciem vena ncli urbe egressi 
sunt, pretended, adj. simulatus, opinatus 
(= imaginary), flatus ; see False, Imaginary. 
pretender, n. 1, simulator ; 2, one who 
claims tlie throne, qui regnum sibi arrogat. 
pretension, n. 1, postulatio; just — , jus ; 2, 
ostentatio ; see Pomp, Display. 

preterite, n. praeterUum {tempus) (Grain.). 

preternatural, adj. and adv. quod praetcr 
naturam, praeter modum or mirabili quodam 
modojit. 

pretext, n. «nis(s)u, praescriptio, titulus, 
nomen (= title, false name), simulation the pre- 
tending of something), species (when we make 
anything bad appear as if it was something very 
innocent); under the — of, per caus(s)am alcjs 
rei, nomine or simulatione or simulation* at que 
nomine alcjs rei, per simulationem alcjs rei, simu- 
late alqd re, specie or per speciem alcjs rei. 

pretty, adj. bellus (proper term), puleher, 
pulchellus (= rather — , both of persons and 
things), formosus (= well-shaped, of persons), 
lejridus (= neat, of persons and things), venustus 
(= charming, of persons and things), festivus (= 
graceful, elegant), bonus (= not inconsiderable, 
of a quantity). Adv. belle, pulchrc, formose, le- 
pide, Jestive, venuate. prettiness, n. see 
Beauty. 

prevail, v.intr. esse(= to be), obtinere (fama 
obtinuit, Li v.), adducere alqm.ut( = to persuade), 
multum, plus valere or pollere (= to have much 
force), with anyone, apudalqm; morbus crescit, the 
disease — s ; to — on oneself, se ipsum vincere ; I 
cannot — on myself to, etc., a me impetrare non 
possum ut faciam, etc. (so non possum adducivt 
credam; =1 cannot be — ed upon to believe); to 



— over, superare, vincere; to be — ed upon "by 
entreaties, precious flecti (Liv.) ; a — ing or pre- 
valent opinion, opinio vulgata. prevalent, 
adj. (per)vulgatus, communis. 

prevaricate, v.intr. tergiversari. preva- 
rication, n. tergiversutio ( = shift) ; see Lie. 

prevent, v.tr. prohibere ne or quominus im- 
pedire, obstare ; see Hinder, prevention, n, 
prohibitio (rare, or by verb), preventive, 
adj. quod alqd impedit or alci rei obstat. 

previous, adj. see Preceding. 

prey, I. n. praeda ; beast of — , fera. II. 
v.intr. praedari ; to — upon, alqm bestiam venari, 
alqd besiid vesci (= to feed upon) ; i:g. animum, 
etc.,(ex)edere, consumere. 

price, I. n. pretium; annona (= — of corn) ; 
to tix the — , pretium facere, indicare (of the sel- 
ler); the — asked with the abl. ; so at a high, low 
— ,magno, parvo(pretio), so too gen. magni, parvi, 
etc. ; what is the — ? quanti indicas? quant i hoc 
vendis ? (when we ask the seller) ; quanti hue con- 
stat? (= what does that cost? when we ask a 
person the value of anything); I agree with him 
about the — , convenit mihi cum alqo de pretio ; the 

— has fallen, 'pretium alcjs rei jacet ; to raise the 
— , pretium alcjs rei efferre or augere. II. v.tr. 
pretium alci constituere, jrretium merci statucre, 
pretium enumerare or pacisci. priceless, adj. 
inaestiiMibilis. 

prick, I. v.tr. pungere (of anything that 
stings, also gen. of sharp pain), stimulate (with 
a sharp-pointed stick, e.g. box<em), mordere (= 
to bite, of a pain, e.g. of a flea or a fly); to 

— with a needle, acu pungere; to— up one's 
ears, aures erigere or arrigcrc. II. n. puuetus, 
-its (Plin.), or by verb, prickle, n. aculeus, 
spina (= thorn), prickly, adj. aculeatus, spin- 
osus. 

pride, n. superbia (= haughtiness), spiritus, 
-iis (- high spirit), insolentia (= arrogance, in- 
solence), conhimacia (= obstinacy), arrogantia 
(= arrogance), fastidinm (when we treat those 
around us with contempt), faslus, -us (= be- 
haviour of a person towards one with whom he 
disdains to have any intercourse). 

priest, n. sacerdos (in gen. also = priestess), 
antistes (also = priestess), flamen(jbt one particu- 
lar god, e.g. flamen Dialis) ; high — , pontiff, 
pont'ifex maximus. priestcraft, n. ratio sacer- 
dotum. priestess, n. see Priest, priest- 
hood, n. sneerdotium. priestly, adj. by the 
genit. sacerdotis or sacerdotum. priestridden, 
adj. sacerdotibus subjectus. 

prig, n. perhaps qui se nimium jactat. 

prim, adj. perhaps de se nimium sol(l)icitns 
or de moribus diligentior. 

primal, primeval, adj. see Ancient. 

primary, adj. primus, principalis; the — - 
meaning of a word, natnrulis et principalis verhi 
eignificotio (Quint.) ; = chief, praecipmis. Adv. 
primo (= at first), praecipue (= chiefly). 

primate, n. primas (EccL). 

prime, I. adj. 1, primus = first ; 2, = ex- 
cellent, eximius, nptimus.- II. n. 1, = the best 
of anything, flos; 2, — of life, aetas vigens. 
prime-minister, n. is penes quern summa- 
rerum est. 

primitive, adj. 1, = original, prisons, an- 
tupius; 2, see Primary. 

primogeniture, n. aetatis privilegium 
(.Tct). 

prince, n. 1, adulescens (adol-) or juveni3 
regii generis, puer or juvenis regius (= a young 
man of royal blood, son of a king, etc.), //ins 
principis, filius regis or regius; 2, = king, ?'e.r; 



pri 



825 



pro 



see Sovereign, princess, n. mulier regit 

generis, mulier regiu semine orta, regia virgo; 
daughter of .1 king, etc., filia regis or regia. 

principal, I. adj. primus, priueeps, princi- 
palis, praecipuus ( = chief). Adv. maxime, prae- 
cipue, ante omnia, imprimis, praesertim, maxi- 
mum ixirtem (= for the most part). II. n. 
1, = head of a school, magister; 2, = capital, 
opp. to interest, caput, sors, pecuniae, nummi. 
principality, n. terra principis imperii) sub- 
jccta. 

principle, n. 1, = beginning, principium, 
elementum, primordia, -orum; 2, = rule of 
conduct, dogma, -dlis, v., decretum (in anyone's 
mode of action) ; consilium( = a rule to act upon, 
and which is based upon sound reasoning), 
praeceplum (= precept, rule, to serve as a guide 
in our actions, also of a philosopher, Hor.), dis- 
ciplina, institution, institutio( = what has become 
a — through habit), comb, ratio et institutio mea, 
praccepta institutaque philosophiae, sententia (= 
opinion), judicium (- judgment), regula alcjs rei 
or ad quam alqd dirigitur (never without genit. 
of object, e.g. eadem utilitalis quae hoiiestatis est 
regula), lex{= law); the highest moral — , sum- 
viumbonum, ultimum or finis bonorum; a man of 
firm — , homo constans (= true to his character), 
homo gravis (always acting upon — , and accord- 
ing to what is right), so gravitas = — ; a man 
of vacillating — , homo levis ; a. man of strict 
— , homo sevcrus ; a man who acts according 
to his own — , vir sui judicii (because it is 
his conviction), vir sui arbitrii (because he 
thinks fit) ; from — , ratione (= according to the 
adopted — ), judicio, animi quodam judicio ( = 
from a certain conviction), doctrind (as the result 
of one's studies, inquiries, etc., opp. naturd, from 
a natural feeling) ; always to remain true to 
one's — , sibi constarc. 

print, I. n. = an impression, impressio. II. 
v.tr. exprimere alqd alqd re or in alqd re ; to — a 
book, librumtypis describere, exscribere, exprimere. 
printer, n. typographies, printing-press, 
11. prelum typographicum. 

prior, I. adj. jirior; see Early, Before, 
Preceding. II. n. (of a monastery), in gen. 
antistus, -itis, m., * prior, or magister. prior- 
ess, n. priorissa. 

prism, n. * prisma, -dlis, u. (late), pris- 
matic, adj. *prismaticus (as t.t.). 

prison, n. custodia (lit. = act of guarding ; 
then the place), career, -eris, m. (= a public — ), 
ergaslulum (= a place commonly below ground, 
where slaves were made to work in chains), 
vinculo, -orum, 11. (= chains) ; to cast into — , in 
custodiam or in vinculo, or in ergastulum. mittere, 
in custodiam (or in vincula) mittere, tradcre, 
coiulere, con(j)iccre, in custodian (or in carccrem) 
dare, indudcre, custodiae or vinculis mamlare ; 
to take to — , in custodiam or in vincula, (de)du- 
cere; to be (confined) in — , in custodid esse or 
servari, custodid teneri, in carcere or in vinadis 
esse, prisoner, 11. captus, -a (in gen.) ; taken 
— (in war), bello captus, captivus, -a; by the 
police, comprchensus, -a. 

pristine, adj. 2^ristinus, prisons (- ancient), 
prior (= former). 

prithee ! interj. (die) quaeso, tandem, cedo. 

privacy, 11. solitudo; see Secrecy, pri- 
vate, I. adj. privalus (referring to a single 
individual, etc., opp. publicus), proprius (only 
referring to the person himself, not to all, opp. 
communis), domcsticus(= domestic, opp. forensis), 
comb, domesticus el privatus, secrctus( = secret, 
without witnesses, opp. apertus); — affairs, res 
privata or domestiea or Onmestica et privata ; 
yecv.lium, quod sui juris est (Jet.) ; — enemy, 



inimicits (opp. host is) ; a— life, vita privata (In 
gen.), historia vitae privatae (= history of one's 
— life), vita otiosa ( = having no business to 
attend to), vita umbrutUis ( = easy life in re- 
tirement). Adv. dam, secreto, occulte, remolis 
arbitris (— without spectators), privatim (= in 
a private capacity). II. n. in the army, miles. 
privateer, n. navis (praedatoria). priva- 
tion, u. privatio ( = act of — ), inopia, egestas, 
pavpertas(= need); see Poverty, privative, 
adj. />r(«<(im<s (Gram.). 

privilege, n. 1, = a particular right, privU 
legiuia (granted by special authority), beneficium, 
commodum (= any right, whereby a person de- 
rives a particular benefit; bene/, when it is 
granted, comm. when it has been obtained ; all 
three Jet.) ; 2, = exemption from a burden, 
immunilas, gratia, muuus, -eris, n., beneficium 
(= favour) ; see Favour, privileged, adj. 
priyilegiarius (Jet.) ; = exempt from, immunis. 

privy, I. adj. see Private, Secret. II. 
n. sella (familiarica). privy-council, n. in 
imperial times consistoriani. privy-purse, 
11. fiscus. 

prize, I. n. praemium, palma; to fix a — , 

pracmium (pro)ponere. II. v.tr. mugui aesti- 
mare or facere. prize-fighter, n. qui prae- 
mio proposito contendit, or pugil (= boxer). 

pro and con, in ntramque partem. 

probable, adj. probubilis, veri similis (or as 
one word, verisim-). Adv. probabiliter, verishni- 
liter (verisim-). probability, n. lyrobabilitas, 
verisimilitude (verisim-). 

probation, n. probatio; a time of — , tempus 
ad alcjs Jacultatcs experiendas constitution, pro- 
bationer, n. alumnus (fein. -a). 

probe, I. n. specillum. II. v.tr. see £x- 
amine. 

probity, n. probitas. ■ 

problem, n. quaestio. problematical, 

adj. dubius, incertus; see Doubtful. 

proboscis, n. proboscis (Plin.), manus, -us, 
f. (of an elephant). 

proceed, v.intr. 1, progredi ; see Go ; 2, = 
to come from, oriri; 3, = to act, agcre, facere; 
see Act ; 4, -<-• — against, litem alci intendcre. 
proceeding, n. ratio ; legal — , actio; to com- 
mence — s, actionem alci intendere ; = transac- 
tions, acta, -orum. proceeds, n. reditus, 
•iis, fructus, -us. 

process, n. ratio = course of proceedings, 
actio (~ — at law); in — of time, (procedente) 
tempore. 

procession, n. in gen. pompa ; at a funeral, 
pompa funebris ; to hold a — , pompam ducere. 

proclaim, v.tr. declarare (e.g. public shows, 
muncra), cdicere (lit. of authorities = to make 
known a law, etc., but also = to decree in gen.), 
promulgare (= to make generally known, a law, 
etc.), proponere(— to placard, e.g. edictum, etc.), 
praediccrc (through tlie herald), pronuntiare (= 
to announce), proclamation, n. 1, the act 
of — , pronuntiatio, declaratio, praedicatio ; 2, 
= tlie thing proclaimed, edictum; libellus (5= a 
written — ). 

proclivity, n. proclivitas, but better by 
circumloc. (e.g. he has a -tt to do anything, est 
1 jm alqd facere), r 

proconsul, n. pro consulc (also, but less 
often, proconsul), proconsular, adj. proem- 
sularis. 

procrastinate, v.tr., procrastination, 
11. sic Delay. 

procreate, v.tr. procrcare. procreation, 

n. procrcatin ' 



pro 



826 



pro 



procure, v.tr. (com)parare(= to see that any- 
thing is ready, for oneself or for others, e.g. 
auctoritatem, gloriam, servos, also money), afi'erre 
(= to bring, also of tilings, e.g. auctoritatem, utili- 
totem, consolationem), acquirers (after difficulty, 
e.g. quod ad vitac itsitm pertinet, dignitatem, ojies, 
divitias), conciliare (= to collect together, e.g. 
legiones pecunid, silri benevohntiam akjs, aid 
favorem ad vnlgus), expedire (= to manage to get, 
e.g. pecunias), prospkere (=to provide for, e.g. 
idei kabitationem, aid maritum); see Get, (Jain, 
Obtain, procurator, n. procurator ; see 
Manage, Manager, procurer, n. leno. 
procuring, n. comparatio, conciliatio. 

prodigal, adj. see Extravagant, pro- 
digality, n. effusio (as act), sumptits efiitsi 
or profusi- (as luxury), profusa lltxuria (— great 
luxury) ; see Extravagance. 

• prodigious, adj. ingens; see Enormous. 
prodigy, n. res rnira or mirabilis, miraculum. 

produce, I. v.tr. 1, = to bring forward, pro- 
fern, exhibere ; cdere (= to publish); 2, = to 
bring into existence, (pro)crearc (of living beings 
and of the earth ; then = to cause, e.g. danger), 
gignere, parere, generate (= to bring forth, of 
living beings), (e.f)ferrc, (if)fundcrc (of nature, 
also of the earth, of a field, etc. ; fundere, effun- 
dcre, always with the idea of abundance), fad-re, 
ejjiccre (with the hand, by art and skill). II, 
n. of the earth, quae terra gignit or parit, ca 
quae gignuntur e terra (in gen.), fructus, -us, 
reditus, -us, by circumloc. id quod agri efferunt 
(of the fields), product, n. in arithmetic, 
summa quae ex multiplication rffecta est; 
see also Production, production, n. opus, 
-iris, n. (= work); of art, opera et artificia; 
whether this is a — of nature or of art, sire est 
naturae hoc sire artis. productive, adj. 1, 
fertilis; see Fruitful; 2, — of, akjs rei effi- 
cient, productiveness, n. see Fertility. 

proem, n. prooemium. 

profane, I. v.tr. t profanare, profanum 
facere, violare, poUuere. II. adj. pro/amis (opp. 

sacrum), impius (= impious) ; — history, his- 
toria rcrum a populis gestarum. Adv. impie. 
profanation, profaneness profanity, 
n. impktas. 

profess, v.tr. profitcri ; to — the Christian 
religion, Christum sequi, doctrinam GJiristianam 
sequi; to — to belong to a certain school, persequi 
with aecus. (e.g.Acadcmiam) ; =to assert that one 
is something that one is not, se alqd esse simu- 
lare. professed, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. a 

— Christian, qui se Christianum esse elicit), or 
by manifest-as, apertus; see Manifest. Adv. 
per speciem, simulation* akjs rei (= by pretence). 
profession, n. 1, = declaration, professio or 
by se alqd (esse) profitcri (e.g. Christianum (esse); 

— in opp. to practice, verbo (opp. re(verd)); 
2, = employment, munus, -en's, n. professor, 
n. professor (eloquentiae, etc., Plin., Suet.), better 
qui alqd docet. professorship, n. by Pro- 
fessor. 

proffer, v.tr. promittere ; see Offer. 

proficiency, n. by scientia (= knowledge), 
facilitas (= readiness), proficient, adj. eru- 
ditus, doctus (= learned), sciens akjs rei (— skil- 
ful) ; to be — , multum, parvm, etc., proficere; 
see Skilful. 

profile, ii. faciei latus alierum, imago obliqua 
(= likeness in — , Plin.); in the pi. also by the 
t,t, catagrapha, -orum, n. (Karaypafya (= — por- 
trait, Plin.). 

profit, I. n. 1, = material — , lucrum, quaest- 
tts, fructus, reditus (all -us), emolument-am, com- 
pendium(by Baying) j 2, lig. compendium, fructus. 



quaestus (rare) ; to make much — , multum profi- 
cere ; see Progress. II. v.intr. 1, = to be ser- 
viceable to, ad alqd proficere, old (rei) prodesse, 
conducere, adesse (of men =to support, so alipn ;'»- 
rare); 2, = to make progress, proficere ; 3, = to 
make gain, quaestuosum esse, fructum ferre ; see 
Profitable, profitable, adj. 1, lit. quaes- 
tuosus, fructuosus, lucrosus, frugifcr (of lands); 
see Fruitful; 2, fig. fructuosus, frugifer, utilis. 
Adv. utilikr. profitless, adj. = useless, inu- 
tilis, vanus, futilis, irritus; see Useless. Adv. 
frustra, incassum (— in vain). 

profligacy, I. n. animus perdilus, nequitia> 

fiagitium; see Vice. II. n. homo jlagitiosits, 
etc. ; 7(owo scelestus, (con)sceleratus (=one who 
has committed crime), homo perditus or profii- 
gatus (=, incorrigible), profligate, adj. ftagiti- 
osus,iritiosU8, mains, turpis, libidinosus, perditus, 
ncquam, sceleratus, scelestus. Adv. flagitiose, 
male, libidinosc, perdite, nequitcr, turpitcr, ne- 
farie, scclerate, scekste. 
pro forma, adv. dicis caus(s)a. 

profound, adj. altus, profundus (lit. and 
lig.). Adv. penitus, prorsvs ; see Altogether. 
profundity, n. altitudo (lit. and lig.). 

profuse, adj. see Extravagant, Lavish. 

progenitor, u. parens. 

progeny, n. progenies; see Offspring. 

prognostic, n. signum; to be a — of, alqd 
praenuntiare. prognosticate, v.tr. see Fore- 
bode. 

programme, n. libellus. 

progress, I. n. 1, = journey, iter, itineris, 
n. ; quite a royal — , velvt rex iter fackbat ; 2, 
= advance, 2>rogressus, -iis, progressio, processus, 
■us; to make much or little — , multum or 
parum proficere. II. v.intr. 1, progredi ; see Ad- 
vance ; 2, = to improve, proficere. progres- 
sion, n. progressio, progressus, -us; see Pro- 
gress, progressive, adj. qui, quae, quod 
progreditur. Adv. gradatim, pedetemtim (pede- 
tent-). 

prohibit, v.tr. rehire; see Forbid, pro- 
hibition, n. interdictum ; to issue a — , in- 
terdicere alci alqd re or ne. prohibitive, 
prohibitory, adj. qui, quae, quod vetat. 

project, I. n. consilium (= plan), inceptum, 
p>ropositum(— proposal), iustitutum. II. v.intr. 
prominlre, cminZre, exstare, prc{j)ici, projectnm 
esse, projectile, n. (ielum) missile, projec- 
tion, n. by verb, projector, n. auctor. 

proletariat, n. proletarii. 

■prolific, adj. see Fruitful. 

prolix, adj. longus (= long, opp. brevis, of 
persons -and things), copiosus (= full), verbosus 
(= making too many words), m ultus (only of per- 
sons) ; see Lonc. prolixity, by adj. Prolix. 

prologue, n. prologus. 

prolong, v.tr. p>i'orogare, piropagare (— to — 
the time of, e.g. vmperium in annum), produccrc 
(=to draw out), extenders (= to extend, e.g. alqd 
ad noctem), continvarc (=to continue, e.g.- mill- 
tiam, alci consulatummagistratum), trahcrc(=to 
— more than we should, e.g. betlum), proferre 
(=.to put off, e.g. diem), prolatare(= to protract, 
e.g comitia). prolongation, n. prodttctio 
(in gen.), prorogatio, propagalio (e.g. vitae), pro- 
latio (e.g. diet), prolonged, adj. longus, 
diuturnus. 

promenade, n. ambulat io (both of act and 
place). 

prominence, n. 1, prominentia, eminentia 
(=a standing out); 2, lig. of rank, etc. fama. 
gloria or by alqm abid repraesiarc; see Sue.. 



pro 



827 pro 



pass, prominent, adj. and adv. by promi- 
nire, eminere (= to be raised above ; also fig. = to 
distinguish oneself, e.g. inter omnes), Restore (= to 
stand out, lit. e.g. capite solo ex aqua), excellere 
(lig. = to excel in, alqd re or in altjd re), prae- 
stare or superarc alqm algd re (lig. = to be 
superior in). 

promiscuous, adj. promiscuus. Adv. pro- 
iniscue. 

promise, I. v.tr. ulci algd or de algd re pro- 
mittere, polliceri, alqd (in se) recipcre ; = to take 
upon oneself, pollicitari (frequent.), (de)sjx»t- 
dire (formally, by being legaliy bound), (dci 
alqd ; also comb, promittere et spondere, pro- 
ppuere (as reward, e.g. servis Ubertatem), pro- 
nuntiure (publicly); "I — that," or "I — to," 
rendered ill Latin by the aecus. and infill, (gen. 
the fut. inhn., seldom the pres. infin.), e.g. pro- 
vtillo or polliceor me hoc fact urum esse. II. v.intr. 
= to be likely (e.g. he — s to be a great speaker, 
veri simile est earn fiUurum esse oratorem. III. n. 
promissio,2>ollicitatio(thc act), fules(=\\oril), -pro- 
mission (= the thing promised); to give anyone, a 
— to, etc., alci promittere or polliceri, with aecus. 
and fut. infin. ; to keep, redeem a — , promissum 
or fidemfucere or efficire or praestare or servare 
or (cx)sohere or persolvere, promisso stare or satis- 
facire, quod promisi or iwllicilus sum or quod 
promissum est (ob)servare or efficere, quod promis- 
sum est tenia; promissifidem praestare. prom- 
ising, adj. by cireuinloc. (e.g. a — pupil, puer 
industiius ; a — cm}), seges fcrtilis). promis- 
sory, adj. — note, chirographum. 

promontory, u, promo ntorium, a small — , 
lingua, li(n)gulu. 

promote, v.tr. (ad)juvare alqm or alqd, 
tuljuinento esse alci rei, udjutorern or (in the 
fem.) adjutriccm esse alcjs rei or in alqd re (in 
gen. =; to give any assistance) ; alcjs rei esse (ad)- 
ministrum (in a bad sense = to be an abettor), 
augcre alqm or alqd (= to increase), alci or alci rei 
I'avcre, fovire alqd (= to favour), alci or aid rei 
consulere, prospicere (^ to take care of), alci pro- 
desse(— to be of use), consilio, studio, opera adesse 
alci(= to assist anyone by advice and by acting); 
to — anyone's interest, servire alcjs commodis, 
rebus or rationibus alcjs consulere, pros])iccre; 
to — the common interest, saluti reipublicae 
consulere, rempublicam juvarc, tueri, reipublicae 
salutem suscipcre (= to try to — ); =to — in 
office, anyone, tollere, augcre, attollere (anyone's 
reputation among his fellow-citizens), fovcre (by 
ftctually favouring him), (ex)ornare (= to dis- 
tinguish), gratia et auctoritute sua sustcntare (to 
raise through one's personal influence), pro- 
ducere ad dignitatem (=to — to a higher rank), 
promovere ad or in muuus or ad (superiorem) 
locum (= to — to an office, Imperial Rome), mtt- 
ncri praejiccre (— to appoint to an office, to set 
over); tra(us)ilucire alqm ill ampliorem ordinem 
or ex inferiore online in superiorem ordinem (a 
military office), promotor, n. auctor, adjutor, 
faulor. promotion, n. — of our welfare, 
amplijicatio nostra rum rerum; — to a higher 
office, amplior honoris gradus, -us, dignitatis 
accessio, officium amplius. 

prompt, I. adj. promptus. Adv. cito ; see 
Quicklv. II. v. U: alqd alci sub(j)icire. promp- 
ter, n. qui alqd ctlci sub(j)icit. promptitude, 
promptness, u. celtritas; see Quickness, 
Readiness. 

. promulgate, v.tr. promulgare. promul- 
gation, n. promulgate. 

prone, adj. 1, = flat, promts ; 2, = tending 
to, promts, proclivis, propensus ad alqd. prone- 
ness, n. procli vitas (rare), or by adj. 

prong, n, dens, -tis, m. (of a fork). 



pronoun, n. pronomen (Gram.). 

pronounce, v.tr. letters, etc., enuntiare, ex- 
primere,dicere (= to utter with the voice), lit(t)erat 
sonis enuntiare ; to — one word after the other, 
verba conlinuare ; it is difficult to — , haud facile 
dictu est ; = to utter formally, efferre verbis ; ex- 
plicate, explanare verbis (= to explain in words); 
to — a sentence, an opiuion, sententiam dicers, scu- 
tentiam pronuutiare (= to announce the verdict 
of the judge), pronunciation, n. apjKllatio 
(~ the — of a letter, etc.); pronuntkUio (Quint, 
always = actio, i.e. the whole recitation); locutio 
(= t lie act of speaking), vox (= the voice of the 
person that speaks), vocis sonus, in the context 
sonus (— the tone of the voice). 

proof, n. tentamen(— trial) ; =theact of prov- 
ing, probutio, demonstratio (=a strict — of any- 
thing ; also in mathematics), argumentatio (— by 
giving clear reasons) ; the — of it is difficult, 
difficile estprobattt;, = that by which anything is 
proved (sign in gen.), signum, indicium, documen- 
turn, specimen (the foregoing two = specimen, ex- 
ample, sample ; but specimen never in the plur. in 
ancient writers) ; = reasons which serve as a — , 
argument urn (= reason founded upon facts); ratio 
(= reasonable grounds) ; to give — , argumetda 
or rationes afferre ; to bring forward many — s for 
the existence of a Supremo Being, multis argu- 
ments Deum esse ihjcere ; very often urgumentvui 
is left out in Latin when an adj. is used in 
English (e.g. the strongest — is, firmissimum hoc 
ufferri videtur, quod, etc.). prove, 'I. v.tr. = 
to show, significare, ostendcre, declarare, (com)- 
probare, praestare (= to perform what we are ex- 
pected to do); to — anything by one's actions, 
alqd praestare re, algd comprobare re ; to — one- 
self as, etc., se praebere alqm, exhibire ahpn (e.g. 
as a friend of the people, exhibire virum civileui), 
se praestare alqm ( = to — oneself really to be, 
etc.); = to show by reasoning, docire, (argu- 
meutis) dettiottstrarc (= to show, demonstrate in 
every point, by logical reasons), (con)firmus, 
generally firmare(= to assert, affirm by reason' ], 
probare alci alqd (— to — to anyone the possi- 
bility of a tiling), efficire (= logically to — that 
anything can be done), evincire (= to — beyond 
all doubt) ; this is — d by showing that, etc., 
ejus rei testimonium est, quod, etc. ; this — s no- 
thing, nullum verum id argumentttm ; the result 
— d it, exitus approbavit ; the mode of proving 
anything, probationis genus, -iris, n., argumen- 
tations genus, via, ratio probatidi (= way in 
which anything can be — d), argumentatio (= 
argumentation), ratio (= manner in which we 
proceed in proving anything, Cic). II. v.intr. = 
to turn out, .fieri, evadire. proven, p. part. e.g. 
not — , non liquet. 

prop, I. n. 1, lit. adminiculum (in gen.), 
pedamcn(tttm) (for vines), statumen (for vines, 
etc.) ; 2, fig. adminiculum, Jirmamentum, subsi- 
ilium, praesidium; see Help. II. v.tr. 1, lit. 
fulcire (in gen.); 2, fig. alci adesse, to be — ped 
by, alqd (re) niti; see Support. 

propagate, v.tr. 1, applied to plants ; to 
— by layers, propagare ; to — by grafting, in- 
severe; =to produce, gignere; 2, tig. gignere (et 
propagu re), serere (— to sow), propagation, n. 
1, by layers, propagatio ; 2, of a report, etc., 
rtaitorem serere. 

propel, v.tr. propellere. 

propensity, n. proclivitas or animus pro- 
clivis ad algd ; see Inclination. 

proper, adj. 1, proprnts (= peculiar, opp. 
communis), vents (= true, real, opp. falsus), ger- 
manus (= genuine) ; if we add — in order to lay 
a stress upon the noun, we use ipse (e.g. ipsi Ar- 
gentini); the — word, verhim proprium (opp. 



pro 



828 



pro 



verbum translation); the — Mctellus, verus et 
gennanus Metellns ; 2, = becoming, decorus, 
honestus; = suitable, aplus, idoneus, accommo- 
datus ad alqd. Adv. proprie, vere, comb, pro- 
prie vereque, germane, property, I). 1, domin- 
ium (Jet., = the — or tiie legal title to any- 
thing, different from possessio, possession), 2>ii- 
1rimonium(=. patrimony ; also fig. with tamipiam 
before it, of mental, etc., qualities), peadium 
(— the stock or money which a son with the con- 
sent of his father, or a slave with the consent, of 
his master, had of his own ; private — ), possessio- 
nem (= landed — ), bona, -orum, n., fortuiute( = 
effects) ; census, -us (in gen.) ; by res (sing, or 
plur.) in a gen. sense (e.g. moveable — , res mo- 
ventes, res quae moveri possunt) ; or by proprius, 
■a, -itTO, also comb, with poss. pron. proprius 
meus (tuus, etc.), and often by poss. pron. 
alone (e.g. that is my — , hoc meum or hoc 
meum, proprium est) ; to consider anything as 
one's — , suum alqd dncere ; 2, = peculiarity, 
proprietas, quod atcjs (rei) proprium est. pro- 
perty-tax, ri. tribuhim ex censu collatum. 
proprietary, adj. by propriiis. proprietor, 
n. possessor, dominiis. proprietorship, n. 
dominium, posscssio. 

prophecy, n. 1, as the act, praedictio 
(e.g. rerum futurarum), vaticinatio ; 2, that 
which is prophesied, praedictum, vaticinium. 
prophesy, I. v.tr. praedicere, praenuntiare 
(in gen. = to foretell), vaticinari, canere, augu- 
■rari (= to augur). II. v.intr. futura prae- 
dicere or praenuntiare, vaticinari (= to act the 
part of a vates, to — by divine inspiration). 
prophet, n. vates, -is, m. and f., t valicinator, 
t fatiloquus. prophetess, n. rates, -is. pro- 
phetic, adj. divinus, praesagiens, fatidicus, 
vaticinus (= concerning prophecies, e.g. writ- 
ings). Adv. divinitus, caelesli quodam instinctu 
mentis, instinctu divino ajjtatuque (all = in- 
spired). 

propinquity, n. propinquitas (= relation- 
ship), ufUnitas (= by marriage). 

propitious, adj. propitius, aeqvus, Ucam d us, 
faustus (of things). Adv. by adj. propitious- 
ness, n. by adj. propitiate, v.tr. see Con- 
ciliate, propitiation, n. plauttio (e.g. dc- 
orum). propitiatory, adj. by verb. 

proportion, I. n. proporlio, commensus, -us, 
(—measure or size of a thing in — to another, 
Vitr.), symmetria (Vitr.) ; in a general sense it is 
Lest rendered by ratio (= the relation of one 
thing to another), or by comparatio (when two 
or more things are in a certain relation to each 
other) ; an arithmetical, geometrical — , ratio 
arithmetica, geometrica ; in — to, pro portione 
alcjs rei, pro rata, parte, pro with abl. (e.g. 
pro viribus, in — to one's power) ; see Propor- 
tionate. II, v.tr. alqd dirigere ad alqam rem. 
proportional, proportionate, adj. pro 
portione, pro, prae with abl., or by ad with ace, 
or by ut est with the object compared in the 
nomin. (e.g. pro viribus, prae aliis, pro nvinero, 
ud cetera, ut turn erant tempora) ; see Propor- 
tion. 

proposal, n. = what anyone proposes, 
condicio ; — of a law, legis latio (in the forum), 
rogatio (in the coniitia to be accepted by the 
assembly of the people) ; to vote for a — in 
the senate, pedibus ire in alcjs sentcntiam ; — 
suggestion, plan, consilium, ratio, propositum ; 
to make a — , condicionem ferre or proponere ; to 
make the — of anything, ulqd proponere (= to 
move), alqd suadire (=to try to recommend, 
to advise), alqd rommendarr. ( — to recommend), 
propose, v.tr. 1, proponere ; to — a law, legem 
ferre or rogare, rogationem or legem ferre; 2, in 
marriage, perhaps alqaiiiinmajrimoniuvi petercj 



3, see Purpose, Intend, proposer, n. of a 

law, (legislator, in gen. auctor alcjs rei. pro- 
position, n. 1, see Proposal; 2, in logic, 
theais (Quint.) ; in a wider sense 2"'o}>ositum, 



propriety, 

honestas. 



n. convenientia, decorum, 



prorogue, v.tr. prorogare. proroga- 
tion, n. prorogatio. 

proscribe, v.tr. proscribes, proscrip- 
tion, n. proscriptio. 

prose, n. prosa (oratio) (Quint.), oratio 
soluta (in opp. to oratio astricta, devincta), or 
merely oratio (in opp. to po'emata). prosnic, 
adj. jejunus, frigidus. 

prosecute, v.tr. 1, = to carry out, gerere, 
facere, exsequi, perficere ; see Do ; 2, = to bring an 
action against, alqm accusare, rcum facire de alqd 
re, alqm postulare. prosecution, n. 1, use 
verb Prosecute, 1 ; 2, accusalio. prosecutor, 
n. accusator. 

proselyte, n. discipulus. prosclytism, 
n., proselytize, v.tr. alqm diseipulinn facere. 

prosody, n. versuum lex et modificalio 
(Sen.). 

prospect, n. 1, = view, prospectus, -us, con- 
spectus, -us ; to have a — , spectare ad or in alqm, 
locum; 2, =hope, spes (e.g. mercedis); some 
— , specula, prospective, adj. fulurus; see 
Future. Adv. in Juturum. 

prospectus, n. libellus. 

prosper, v.intr. crescere (lit. and fig. = to 
grow), provenire (lit. and fig.), bond fortund uti. 
prosperity, n. res secundae or prosperae or 
florentes, copiae {rei familiaris) (= good circum- 
stances) ; general — , salus, -litis, communis, om- 
nium felicitas. prosperous, adj. secundus, 
2irospei-{us), fortunatus. Adv. secunde, prospere, 
fortunate. 

prostitute, I. n. mulier impiudica (= any 
unchaste woman), arnica, meretrix, prostibulum. 
II. v.tr. 1, publicare; 2, tig. alqd re abuti. 
prostitution, n. 1, vita meretricia ; 2, use 
Prostitute, II. 2. 

prostrate, I. v.tr. 1, = to throw down, (pro)- 
sternere; 2, to — oneself before anyone, ad pedes 
alcjs proannbere or .-« ab(j)iccre or se submit tire or 
prosternere, ad genua alcjs procumberc, suppliccm 
se nb(j)icere alci (as a suppliant) ; 3, fig. alqm or 
animum afjligere, percellere, frangcre. II. adj. 
by part, of verb, to lie — , (humi) jacere. pro- 
stration, n. by the verb. 

protect, v.tr. tueri, tutari, de.feiulere (=to 
ward off, ab alqd re, contra alqd) ; (pro)tegcre (= to 
cover, ab alqd re, contra alqd), mvn ire (= to forti- 
fy), custodire(= to guard), praesidere alci rei, prae- 
sidemesse alcjsrei, alcipraesidio esse, prohibere alqd 
(= to keep off) or prohibere alqd ab alqo or alqm ab 
alqd re. protection, n. tutela, praesidium, de- 
fensio,patrocininm,clientela(= relation of patron 
and client), fides, arx, portus, -Us, perfug.inm; 
to take under your — , alqm infidem recipere (as 
a lord or sovereign), alcjs patrocinium suscipere 
(as a defender at law), protective, adj. use 
verb, protector, n. defensor, tutor (rare), pro- 
pngnator (e.g. quasi proprugnator patrimonii sui, 
Cic), or by verb. 

protest, I. v.intr. asseverare (=to affirm with 
assurance), ajjirmore (= to assure), adjvrare 
(upon oath) ; by the gods, (ab)testari dcos ; — to — 
against, intcrcedere, intercessiontm facire (esp. of 
a magistrate), against anything, alci rei interce- 
dcre (— to interfere in a thing by virtue of one's 
office, officially), interpellare (= to interrupt a 
speaker). II. n. intcrpellatio (= interruption of 
a, speaker), intencssio (by the authorities, etc,), 



pro 



829 



pug 



Protestant, adj. and n. *a lege pontificls 
Romani abhorrent. Protestantism, ii. * Pro- 
tcstantismus. 

protocol, n. tabulae, commentarii (in gen.). 

prototype, n. exemplvm. 

protract, v.tr. produaere; see Delay, Pro- 
long. 
protrude, I. v.tr. protrudire. II. v.intr. 

protrudi, prominere ; see Project. 

protuberance, n. tuber, gibber (Plin.). 
protuberant, adj. eminens, prominens (= 
projecting). 

proud, aitj. superbus, arrogans,. fastidiosus 
(= disdainful), contumax (— stubborn) ; to be — , 
alqd re inflatum or elatum esse or tumere ; — 
flesh, (med. t.t.) carofungosa (Plin.). Adv. su- 
perbe, arroganter, contumaciter, fastidiose. 

prove, v.tr. see Proof. 

provender, n. pabulum; Forage, Food. 

proverb, n. proverbium, i<erbum(= word); to 
become a — , in proverb ii consuetudi)iem venire, 
in proverbium venire, cedere ; according to the 
— , ut aiunt. proverbial, adj. proverbii loco 
celebralus ( = well known, e.g. versus), quod pro- 
verbii locum obtinet, quod ill proverbium or in 
p roverbii co nsuetudinemvenit(= what has become 
— ) ; see Proverb. Adv. proverbii loco ( = as a 
proverb), ut est in proverbio, v.t proverbii loco 
dici solet ; see Proverb. 

provide, I, v.tr. instruere or ornarc alqm 
alqd re ( = to — with), alci rei providere, alqd 
(com)parare, praeparare, alqd alci praebere (= to 
give). II. v.intr. 1, = to order, juhere, edicere 
(of an edict) ; 2, = to — for anyone, alci con- 
sulere, providere (= to consult the interests of) ; 
= to make adequate provision for, alqm re 
familiari or copiis or pecunia instruere ; he is 
— d for, habet unde vivat; to — against, (pro)- 
videre, praecavere ne quid fiat, provided, I. 
adj. — with, alqd re instructus, ornatus, prae- 
dilus. II. conj. — that, (dum)modo with subj., 
ed lege or condicione ut or ne. providence, 
n. = forethought, provulentia ; = divine — , 
deorum providentia(providentia alone in Quint., 
Sen.), or use dens or dei (di(i)). provident, 
adj. providus, diligens (= careful); see Care- 
ful. Adv. diligenter, or by adj. ; see Provi- 
dent, providentially, adv. dis faventibus, 
divinitus. providing that, conj. see Pro- 
vided, II. provision, I. v.tr. to — a town, 
oppidttm cibo or rebus necessariis instruere. II. 
n. 1, to make — for ; see Provide, II. 2 ; 2, = 
stipulation, condicio; see Stipulation, pro- 
visional, adj. by adv. use ad or in temjms. 
provisions, n. cilius, cibaria, -oruvi, alimen- 
tum, victim, -us, commeatus, -iis, frumentum, res 
frumentaria (tlie last three esp. of — for an 
army). 

province, n. 1, = duty, provincia, officium ; 
2, = district, regio (in gen.), provincia. pro- 
vincial, adj. provincddis ( = belonging to a 
province); — (manners), etc., rustietts, agrestis, 
inurbanus. 

proviso, n. see Provision, II. 2. 

provocation, n. provocative, adj. by 
Provoke. 

provoke, v.tr. 1, = to call forth, (com)jno»ere 
(e.g. tram), ciire, concitare; 2, = to make angry, 
alci stomachum movere or facere ; see Vex, 
Irritate ; 3, to — to anything, alqm ad alqd in- 
citare, concitare, impellcre, irritare ; see Uroe. 
provoking, adj. molest us. Adv. moleste. 

provost, n. praeses, -idis, m., or ah i vei prae- 
pasitus. 
prow, n. prora, pars prior navis. 



prowess, n. virtus, -utis, f. ; see ValouB. 

prowl, v.intr. vagari, pcragrare ; to — for 
plunder, prucdari. 

proximate, adj. by proxhnus; see Near, 
NEXT, proximity, n. see Nearness. 

proxy, ii. = agent, procurator, vicarius; by 

— , per pine a rat i) rem ; to vote by — , perhaps p- r 
alium suffragiumferrB. 

prude, n. mull/sr putida (= affected). 

prudence, n. providentia (= foresight), 
cautio, circumsjiectia, prudent ia, diligentia, gra- 
vitas (as moral charafxeristic). prudent, adj. 
providus, cautut, drcumsjiectus, consideratus, 
prudens, diligent. Adv. •provide, caute, circum- 
si>ecte, considerate, diligenter ; see Wisdom. 

prune, v.tr. \,ic — trees, arbores (am)putare 
(=to lop off), tondire{e.g. hedges), purgare, inter- 
vellere (Co]., — to teer off branches here and there), 
pampinure (of vines) ; 2, tig. amputare, resworn 
pruner, n. of trees, pxdator, frondator. 
pruning hook, n. /Mas. 

prurience, n. see Lust. 

pry, v.tr. and intr. to — into, alqd rimari, 
investigate, scrutari. 

psalm, n. psalmus (Eccl.). psalmist, n. 
psalmista, in. (Eccl.). psalter, n. psalterium 
(Eccl.). psaltery, n. psalterium. 

pshaw! interj. plmil 

psychical, adj. de aniviti (e.g. — research, 
invest igatio quae de animd Jit). 

psychology, n. * psychologic, (as t.t.), or 
investigatio quae de animo or viente fit. psy- 
chological, adj. * psychologic-us ; see above. 
psychologist, n. humani animi investigator. 

puberty, n. ae(«s puber. 

public, I. adj. 1, before everyone's eyes, 7 a o< f 
in aperto ac pro}Mtulo loco est or fit (= in nn open 
place), quod pidam or coram omnibus fit ( — before 
everybody's eyes), publicus ; not to appear in — , 
■publico carcreorseabstinere; a — house, caupona 
(cop-), deversorium; 2, concerning the State, etc., 
publicus (in gen., opp. privatus), furensis (refer- 
ring to ■ — life, opj 1. domesticus) ; at the — 
expense, sumptu publico, de publico, publice, im- 
pendio publico ; by — measures, jmblico consilio, 
publice; the — credit, fides publica ; the — 
opinion, vidgi opinio. Adv. apertc, ptdam, coram 
omnibus, in propatulo, in publico, for is. II. n. the 
— , homines (= the people in gen.), populus (= all 
the people), vulgus, -i, n. (= the great mass), spec- 
tatores(= spectators), auditores(— the audience), 
lectores (= the readers), publican, n. 1, puWt- 
canus ( — farmer of the public taxes) ; 2, = Inn- 
keeper, caupo(who keeps a public-house), pub- 
lication, n. editio libri (Plin.) ; = the book 
itself, liber, publicity, n. e.g. of proceedings, 
consilia palam or coram omnibus inita ; to shim 
— , celebritatem odisse or fugere homines ( = not to 
like to go out), lucemfugere (in gen. — to shun the 
light, of day, tig. not to like to appear before tlio 
public), publish, v.tr. a work, etc., (ill lucem) 
edere, emittire, Jnrus dare. publishor.il. of a 
book, qui librum edendum curat. 

pudding, n. placenta (= cake). 

puddle, ,n. see Pool. 

puerile, ailj. piMrtt{s(=botli childlike and 
foolish)" 

pufi I. v.tr. inflare (lit. and tig.) ; to — up 
with pride, to be — cd up, mperbtre, lumescere. 
II. v.intr. 1, = to blow, flare, spirare; see 
Blow; 2, = to pant, anhelarc. puffy, adj. 
infiatus. 

pugilism, n. pugilatus, -iis, jmgilatio. pu- 
gilist, n. pugil. 



pug 



830 



pur 



Pug-nosed, adj. simus. 

pull, I. v.tr. 1, = to tweak, vellcre (e.g. 
aurem, to -- the ear), vellicare (Phut., Quint.) ; 
2, = to drag, trahere, duccre, rehire; to — 
down, clemolirii dits(j)k<ire, diruere ; to — out, 
(e)vellcrc, eripere. II. n. Iractus, -us (mostly 
poet.), nisv.s, •«*«, m, impetus, -us, or by verb. 

pullet, n. palhis gallinaceus. 

pulley, u. trochlea, machina tractatoria 
(Vitr.). 

pulmonary, adj. quod ad pulmones pcrtinet. 

pulp, n. caro (Plin., of fruits). 

pulpit, n. in the context merely suggestus, 
-us. 

pulsate, v.intr. palpitare, agitari, moveri. 
pulsation, n. paipitatio, inotus, -us; see 
Movement, pulse, n. arteriarim or venarum 
pulsus, -fts (Plin., = the beating of the — ), 
reiiae (the — itself) ; the — does not beat 
equally, venae non acquis intervallis moventur, 

pulse, ii. as a vegetable, legnmen (or in 
pi.). 

pulverize, v.tr. 1, in pulvercm redigere; 2, 
fig. pererlle.re. 

pumice, n. purnex. 

pump, I. n. antlia, tympanum. II. v.intr. 
undid exhaurire ; to — a ship, scntinam ex- 
havrire. 

pumpkin, n. pepo (Plin.). 

pun, n. Ingi (Koyoi, Cic. in Non.), facetiae. 

punch, n. = a drink, cal(i)dum (= hot water 
and wine). 

Punch, n. see Puppet. 

punch, I. n. 1, = drill, terebra; 2, see Blow. 
II. v.tr. 1, terebrare; 2, tundcre, foderc. 

punctilio, n. perhaps diligentia ( = careful- 
ness), dubitatin ( = doubt, where — keeps from 
action), fastidium ( = pride), sol(l)icitudo ( = 
anxiety), punctilious, adj. sol(l)icitus ( = 
anxious), diligent (= careful), accuratus (= ex- 
act). Adv. diligenter, accurate, punctilious- 
ness, n. sol(l)icitudo, diligentia, religfo (in 
religious matters). 

punctual, adj. diligens ( = exact, careful) ; 
to be — to an appointment, ad or in iem- 
pus advenire. Adv. diligenter, ad tempus ( = 
at the appointed time), ad diem (— on the 
day appointed), punctuality, n. diligentia 
(care). 

punctuate, v.tr. notis distingnere, inter- 
pungire (Sen.), punctuation, n. interpunc- 
tio ; — mark, interpunctum. 

puncture, I. n. punctum (Vlin.). II. v.tr. 
pungere, compunge.re. 

pungent, adj. acer, anttus, acerbus, mordax, 
all lit. and tig. Adv. acriter, acute, acerbe. 

punish, v.tr. punire, poend afficere ( = to 
intlict punishment), in alqm animadvertcre, 
multure, castigare ( = to correct, chastise, ver- 
bis, verbcribus) ; to — anything, alqd vindicare 
(=z to avenge), alqil ulcisci, persequi, or comb. 
ulcisci et persequi ; to — anyone very severely, 
gravissimum supplicium de alqo surnire ; to — 
anyone with exile, fine, or imprisonment, 
exilio, pecunid, or vincidis mnltare; to — any 
Infringement of the law, any violation of one's 
rights, delicto, violata jura exsequi ; to be 
— ed, puniri, also poenas dare, solvere, pendere, 
expendere, by anyone, aid, fur anything, alcjs 
rei ( = to pay), punishable, adj. poend 
dignus. punisher, n. castigator, vindez ( = 
avenger), ullor ( = revenger), punishment, 



n. 1, the act, cn'stigutio, muliatio, dnbmndvef* 
sio (e.g. vitii); 2, the — itself, poena (as an 
atonement), noxa (as loss or injury) multa 
(more particularly = fine : the latter the act), 
damnum (— penalty), supplicium (= cruel — , 
torture, violent death), animadversio(= reproof, 
in order to correct anyone), also comb, animad- 
versio et castigatin; — by confiscation of pro- 
perty, muliatio bonorum ; capital — , poena, 
vitae or capitis, supplicium capitis, ultimum sup- 
plicium, cxtrcmum supplicium ; fear of — , 
metus, -us, poenae or animadversionis ; to inflict 

— on anyone, see Punish ; to suffer — , poe- 
nam or supplicium (clc)pendcre, expendere, sol- 
vere, persolvere, dare, subire, perfcrre, lucre or 
ferre. 

puny, adj. pusillus ;e.g. animus); a man of 

— stature, homo brevi stalitrd ; a — fellow, 
homuncio. 

pupil, n. 1, pmpula, pupilla, acies (= a 
sharp eye) ; 2, at a school, etc., ahnnnns 
Cm.), alumna ({.), discipvliis, discipnla. pupil- 
lage, n. status, -us, or condicio pupilli. 

puppet, n. neurospaston (Aul. Cell.) (better 
written as Greek revpoo-rraorov) ; see Doll. 

Puppy, n. 1, catulus, catellus; 2, fig. adides- 
centulus ineptus. 

purchase, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (co)emere, mercari; 
2, tig. entire, redimere, mercari. II. n. 1, act of 
— , emplio ; 2, thing bought, merx ( = mer- 
chandise), quod emptum est (in gen.), pur- 
chasable, adj. venalis. purchaser, n. 
emptor. 

pure, adj. see Clear ; 1, = free from moral 
guilt, purus, integer, comb, purus et integer 
(= without a stain in his moral character, 
etc.), castas (= chaste), comb, purus et castus, 
castas purusque (e.g. body, mind), integer cas- 
tnsquc, sanctus (— pleasing to God, holy), in- 
sons (= free from guilt, whose conscience does 
not accuse him of any crime, etc., innocent, 
opp. sons), comb, purus et insons, emendatus 
(= spotless, perfect, e.g. morals, a man), incor- 
ruptns ; — virgin, virgo casta,; 2, = not mixed 
with anything, lit., purus (in gen. ), , merus ( = 
mere, not mixed with, opp. mixtus) ; — water, 
aqua pura ; — wine (vinum) merum ; — gold, 
aurumpurumCputum) ; 3, fig. purus, sincerus; — 
language, sermo purus or rectus or bonus or emen- 
datus ; — joy, sincerum gaudium ; = clean, 
mundns, purus. Adv. pure, integre, caste; =■ 
entirely, etc., prorsus, plane; — spiritual, ah 
omni concretione mortali segregatus (e.g. a being, 
mens, Cic.) ; the — spiritual state of the soul, 
is anlmi status in quo sewcatus est a societate et 
contagione corporis (Cic). purity, n. fig. cas- 
titas ; — ■ of a language, sermo purus or emen- 
datus or purus et emendatus ; — of expression, 
incorrupta integritas, quasi sanitas (i.e. healthy 
vigour), sanilas (Quint.); munditia verborum, 
mundities orationis (= free from foul language, 
Aul. Gell.) ; moral — , castitas (as quality), 
castimonia (= abstinence from that which is bail, 
(chiefly in a religious sense),sanclitas(= holiness, 
as virtue), sanctimonia ( = innocence of charac- 
ter), integritas (= integrity), innneentia(= disin- 
terestedness, opp. araritia), gravitas (= dignity). 
purify, v.tr. (rc)pur(jarc, expurgare, purum 
facere (in gen.) ; pwri/Ecflre(Plin.) ; Ivstrare ( =to 
— by offering an expiatory sacrifice), emendure 
(= to — from faults) ; to — the language (from 
bad words, etc.), expurgare scrmonem, emendate, 
consuetudinem vitiosam et corruptam purdet in- 
corrupta ronsuetudine emendarc. purifica- 
tion, n. purgatio (in gen.), lustratio (= — by 
an expiatory sacrifice) ; festival of — , Ftbrua, 
■orum (on 15th Feb.). Purism, n. in scri- 
bendo (or dicendo) elegant ia. Purist, n. in 



pur 



831 



qua 



SCribendo or dicendo diligent. Piiritan, ti., 
Puritanism, n. qui de merit diligentior or 
religiosior ett. Puritanically, adv. scierius; 
see Strictly. 

purgatory, n. purgatorium (Eccl.). pur- 
gation, 11. purgatio, lustmtio. purgative, 
adj. ami n. medicina alvum pnrguns, inaniens, 
bonam facicns, movens. purge, v. tr. ami intr. 
1, of the medical man, alvxuii purr/are, bonam 
faccre, movere, de(J)icere; 2, see Purify. 

purl, v.'mtr.ntiirmnrarc, sonare, susurrare. 

purloin, v.tr. avertere; see Embezzle, 
Steal. 

purple, I. n. 1, = purple colour, purpura, 
ostrum(= the liquor of the shell-fish used for 
dyeing purple), conchylinm (= purple proper), 
color purpureas; 2, purpura, vestis purpurea 
(= garments, covering, etc.). II. v.intr. to 
grow — , j purpurare. 

purport, I. n. see Meaning, Object. II. 
v.tr. see Mean. 

purpose, I. n. proposilum, consilium, insti- 
tutum, sentcntia, animus, mens (our "mind"), 
voluntas (= wish), or by velle (e.g. my — was to 
go, ire volui), with this — , co consiiio, ut, or 
by ad with gerund or gerundive (e.g. I was sent 
for the — of seeking him, ad eum petcndum 
•missus sum); on — , consulto, de industrid, dcditd 
opera; to what — , quo consiiio; see Why ; to 
no — , without — , nulla or sine consiiio, tcmcrc; 
to the — , ad rem, apposite. Adv. consulto; see 
On purpose, Purpose, I. II. v.tr. slatvcre; see 
Intend, purposeless, adj. vanus, inanis, 
irritus, cassus, inutilis. 

purr, v.intr. perhaps sonitum edere, or gau- 
dium sonitu exhibere. 

purse, ii. marsupium, zona, crumena, saccu- 
lus. purse-proud, adj. pecunid superbus. 

pursuant, prep. — to, in pursuance of, 
secundum alqd (e.g. of a law, ex lege, ex de- 
creto). 

pursue, v.tr. alqm persequi, prosequi, consec- 
tari, insequi, insectari, alci insistcrc, instate, all 
lit. and fig. pursuit, n. studium, cupiditas(— 
desire for anything), ars, quaestus, -its; to make 
a — of anything, alqd factitare or exercere. 

purveyor, n. obsonator, or by providere. 

pus, n. pus (Cels.). pustule, n. pvstula 
(Cels.). 

push, I. v.tr. pcllcre, trudere, offendere, pul- 
sare, alqm, with, alqd re (e.g. capite, cubito, pede 
aut genu), fodere alqm or alqd, with, alqd re; to 

— forward, propellcre, impellere ; to — back, 
repellcre; to — down, depellere. II. v.intr. to 

— on, contendere, instare ; see Hasten. III. 
n. (im)pulsus, -us, impetus, -us; to make a — , 
instare. pushing, adj. acer ; see Eager. 

pusillanimous, adj. timidus, abjectus, Kit- 
■milis, demissus, fractns. Adv. timide, abjecte, 
humiliter, demisse, animo abjecto, etc. pusil- 
lanimity, n. timiditas, formido (= fear), 
■animus timidus, etc. (see above), animi demis- 
■sio, infractio, or imbecillitas. 

put, v.tr. in gen., ponere (e.g. caladum), to — 
to or near, apponere alqd alci rei or ad alqd, pro- 
■ponere ah/d alei rei, admovere alqd alci rei, re- 
J'erre alqd ad alqd; tn — a thing in its proper 
.place, alqd suo loco pone re ; to — away, abdcre, 
ponere (the latter iig. = to lay aside); to — upon, 
■alqm or alqd imponere or infcrrc in alqd (e.g. 
puernm in equum), collocare alqd in alqd re, 
seldom in alqd or merely alqd re, alqd accommo- 
■dare alci rei or ad alqd ; to — before anything, 
proponere alqd alci rei; to —anything anywhere, 
ponere (in gen.), (col)locare (at a certain place) ; 



to — on one side, to — by, geponere, repdncre} 
to — down, deponere, demittire (= to let down); 
Iig. dt(j)kerc, ex(s)tingucre ; see Destroy; to — 
forward, producire (e.g. a candidate;, afferre (a 
prooO ; to — oir, differre; see Delay ; to — off a 
dress, ponere, erucre; to — on, inducre; to — 
out, e(j)kcre, extrudere, expellcre (=to expel), 
ex(s)linguere (= to quench) ; to — over, iw»- 
ponire, iUj)erponm(\\t.),praejicerc({\g. of office); 
to — under, alqd alci rei supponcre or tub- 
(j)icere ; to — the horses to, etc., equos curru 
jungire or carpento subjungere; to — to flight, 
fugare ; to be — to flight, Jug'ere, se in fugam 
dare; to — to death, interficire; see Kill; to — 
up at, devertere, or deverti, at anyone's house, 
ad alqm, at a place, ad or in with accus. of 
the place (e.g. ad hospiiem, and ad alqm in 
Albanum, and ad or in villain suam) ; to — up 
with, see Bear, Tolerate ; to — in, appellere, 
portum petcre; see Enter; to — out to sea,' 
narem or classem solvere; see Leave. 

putative, adj. fulsus or qui dicitur esse. 

putrefaction, n. by verb Putrefy, I. 
putrefy, I. v.tr. putrefacere. II. v.intr. pu- 
trefieri, putrescere. putrid, adj. putridvs, pvier 

(putris). putridness, n. putor (ante and post 
class.). 

putty, n. gluten (vitrcariorum). 

puzzle, I. n. 1, a game, nodus quidam in 
lusum oblatus, quacstio lusoria (Plin.), aenig- 
ma, Stis, n. ; 2, a difficulty, modus. II. v.tr, 
animum distrahere, impedire. III. v.intr. iij 
alijd re haerere, in angustiis esse, puzzling, 
adj. difficilis, ambiguus. 

Pygmy, n. pygmaeus (= one of the Pygmies, 
Plin, etc.) ; = dwarf, nanus (Juv.). 

pyramid, n. pyramis, -idti,f. pyramidal, 
adj. in pyramidisformam /actus. 

pyre, n, \pyra, rogm. pyrites, n. pyrites, 
■ue (Pliu.). 

pyrotechnics, pyrotechny, n. as t.t. 
ars pyrotechnica. 

pyrrhiC, adj. 1, in metre pes pyrrlUchius 
(Quint.); 2, — victory, perhaps victoria, vtaiunt, 
Pyrrhi regis modo incassum relata. 

pyx, n. pyxis (Eccl.). 



Q. 



quack, I. n. 1, of a duck, by verb Quack, 
II. ; 2, an itinerant seller of medicine, pharma- 
copola eircumforaneus ; 3, see Impostor. II. 
v.intr. tetrinnire. III. adj. falsut. quack- 
ery, n. ars pharmacopolarum. 

quadrangle, n. 1, a figure, * quadrangu- 
lum; 2, a courtyard, area (Plin. Min.). quad- 
rangular, adj. quadrangulus (Plin.). 

quadrennial, adj. quat(t)uor annorum. 

quadrille, n. sultatio. 

quadripartite, adj. quadripartltiu. 

quadruped, n. quadntpes, . 

quadruple, adj. quadruplet. 

quaff, v.tr. see Drink. 

quag(mire), n. pedus, -ndis, f. ; see Boo. 
quaggy, adj. polluter; see Boggy. 

quail, n. (a bird), coturnix. 

quail, v.intr. animo deficere; see Tremble,; 



qua 



832 



qua 



quaint, adj. lepidus (= pretty) ; see Curious, 
Afkected ; insolitus, novus, minis (= new, 
strange), /aeehis, arg-utiis (= witty) ; see Stranoe, 
Humorous. Adv. novo or insolito or miro quo- 
dam modo, mire, faeete, argute, quaintness, 
. n. use adj. 

quake, v.intr. tremere ; see Tremble, qua- 
rter, n. Units ex iis qui se amicos appellant. 

qualify, v.tr. 1, institucre,instruere,fingere 
(of men); to — oneself, sc praeparare; 2, = to 
inodify a remark, etc., extenuare, attenuate, 
deminuere; see Lessen, qualification, n. 
jus, juris, n. ( = right), potestas (— power), comb. 
jus potestasqrue (e.g. provinciae adminis/randae, 
for administering a province) ; in gen. sense 
= fit, by adj. Qualified, qualified, adj. 
idoneus, accommodates, aptus, utilis, opportunus 
ad alqm rem, digitus alqd re (e.g. honore). 

quality, n. 1, proprictas, proprium(= peculi- 
arity), natura (= natural condition), genus, -eris 
(= kind), ratio, vis (= state, condition), qualitas 
(ttoiotj)? = particular condition, coined by Cic. 
as a metaphysical t.t.), res quae est alcjs rei pro- 
pria (= what is the peculiar nature of anything, 
Cic.) ; often by esse with the genit. of the noun 
which possesses the — we mention (but pro- 
prium must be added when we speak more em- 
phatically) ; it is one — of a good orator, etc., 
est boni oratoris, etc. ; one — of a wise man is to 
do nothing he may repent, sapient is est proprium, 
nihil qi/od pnenitcre possit, facere ; or by the 
neut. gen. of an adj. instead of the genit. (e.g. 
one — of a human being is, human um est); of 
what — , qualis; of such a — or kind, talis; 
a good, noble — , virtus, -iilis ; a bad — , 
malum, vitium; 2, = kind, sort, nata(c.g. wine 
of good — , of the best — , vinum bonae, optimae 
notae; of the second — , secundae notae; of 
different — , diversae notae). 

qualm, n. 1, lit. de.fectio (virium, Plin., = 
faintness), fastidium ( = loathing); 2, tig., use 
circuml. (e.g. I have a — of conscience, mens 
mihi angi'ur). 

quantity, n, 1, Humerus (= number), copia 
(= plenty), aliquot (= a few, several, a con 
siderable number); a great — , mi'"itndo, may- 
nus numerus, acerous (= a heap, mass), turba (= 
a confused mass of things or people), nubes, -is 
(=a cloud of things, e.g. pulveris), silva or 
quasi silva (= an abundance, esp. with regard to 
literary objects, e.g. silva rerum et sententiarum), 
vis (—a. large — , of persons and things, in an 
emphatic sense), pondus, -eris, n. (= — , accord- 
ing to weight, e.g. pondns auri); a very large 
indefinite — is expressed by sesrenti (e.g. I 
received a great — of letters all at one time, 
sescentas literas itno tempore accepi); 2, time of 
syllables in prosody, * mensv.ro,, * quuutitas 
(Gram.). 

quantum, n. porlio ; see Portion, Share. 

quarantine, n. tempns valetudini spectan- 

due praestitum. 

quarrel, I. n. jurgium, rim, altereatio. II. 
v.intr. jvrgnre (with one, cum alqo), rixari, 
tdtercari ; see Dispute, quarrelsome, adj. 
rixis deditus. 

quarry, I. n. = a stone — , lapicicdnae, few- 
<i/nna or lautomia (Plant). II. v.tr. caedert, 
excidere. 

quarry, n. = game, praeda. 

quart, n. (as a measure) duo sextarii. 

quartan, n. febris quarttma. 

quarter, I. it. 1, = fourth part, qitarta pars 
(post Aug., also ipiarta alone ; every — of a year, 
tertio quoque mense ; 2, = part, district, vicus ; 
3, = mercy e.g. to grant a person — , akjs 



vitae jxircere, aid (victo) vitam dare. II. V.tr. 1, 
quadvi/ariam dividere or dispertire (in gen., = 
to divide into four parts); to — a man (as a 
punishment), in quat(t)uor partes distrahere. 
(Sen.) ; 2, collocare in ulqn loco or apud alqm ; to 
— the troops, milites per hospitia disponere or in 
hospitia dividere or in hospitia deducere (upon 
the ratepayers) ; milites per oppida dispertire, 
militibus hospitia in oppidis piraestare (upon the 
towns), quarter-day, n. perhaps dies con- 
stitutes, dictns or certus, or by exact date, 
quarter-deck, n. puppls. quartering, 
n. milites per hospitia dispositi or mi hospitia 
divisi (as to the troops), milites lecto (tcctis) or 
ad se recepti (as to the person upon whom the 
troops are quartered), quarterly, adj. and 
adv. trimestris ; money to be paid — , pecu- 
nia tertio quoque mense solvenda. quarters, 
n.pl. habitatio (in gen.), tectum (= roof, shel- 
ter), deversorium (= a lodging-place for travel- 
lers, an inn), hos]iitium(= place where strangers 
were entertained, guest-chambers), ?)i(!jis!o(riin., 
place to stop at for the night) ; my — are at Mr. 
So-and-so's, by habitare apud alqm; of troops, 
castra, -orum; to place the troops in the winter 
— , copias in hibernis collocare ; to be in winter 
— , in hibernis esse; — , in the usual military 
sense, stativa, -orum ; to take up — , stativn 
poncre; to be in — , in stativis esse; close — , 
cominns ; to come to — , manum conserere. 

quash, v.tr. 1, see Squeeze, Crush; 2, in 
law, to — an indictment, etc., rescindere. 

quaver, I. v.intr. 1, in gen., see Tremble, 
Vibrate; 2, in music, * vibrissare. II. n. 
octava (with or without jiars) ; a semi — , pais 
sextadecima. 

quay, n. margo, -inis, in., crepido. 

queen, n. regina (also fig.) ; — bee, rex 
apium. queenly, adj. rcginae similis, t regius. 

queer, adj. novus, insolitus ; see Strange, 
Humorous. 

quell, v.tr. opprimere (e.g. tumultum), com- 
primc.re (e.g. tumultum, seditionem) ; see Con- 
qi "R. 

quench, v.tr. sedare (e.g. sitim, iram), 
restinguere, ex(s)tinguere, explere, reprimerc, 
dcpellere. 

querimonious, querulous, adj. queri- 
bundus, qucrulus, or by the verb (con)queri 
(alqd or de alqd re). 

query, v.intr., querist, n. see Question. 

quest, n. to go in — of, see Seek, Search. 

question, I. n. 1, interrogatio (= the act of 
asking a — , and the — itself); (inter)rogatum 
(=the — asked) ; quaestio (= strict inquiry, and 
esp. a search, in literature, or a judicial inquiry or 
trial) ; amtroversia (esp. = legal controversy); lis 
(= lawsuit), res, caus\syi(= the matter in dispute), 
pcrcontutio (— inquiry), disceptatio (= a debate 
on a disputable point, in order to arrive at the 
exact truth); to ask anyone a — , interrot,are 
alqm, de. alqd re (see Interrogate) ; a short — , 
interrogatiuncula, rogatiuncula, quaestiunrula ; 
a — about morals, etc., de moribus, etc. ; a cap- 
tious — , captio, interrogatio captiosa; to bother, 
confuse anyone with — s, rogitando alqm oh- 
tundcre; to answer a — , ad rogatum respondere ; 
there is no — about, non est dubium quiu or 
accus. and infln.; without — , sine dvbio, procul 
dubio, arte, certo; the — arises, qnaeritur, 
oritur disputatio, existit quaestio ; now the — is, 
?i»)ic id agitur ; it is a very important — , magna 
quaestio (i.e., which it will take a long time to 
settle, Cic); 2, = torture, quaestio; to put to 
the — , de alqo in o,lqm quaerere (e.g. de serro in 
dominion, to torture the slave respecting his 



qui 



833 



rac 



master) ; qUOestionem de idqo habere (tlie object 
of the inquiry in the genitive case). II. v.tr. 
(interrogate, exquirere, quaerere, percontari; 
to — anything, ad incertum revocare ; to — any- 
one, alqm intcrrogando urgere, alqtn rogitcuuto 
obtundert (in a troublesome manner) ; see Ask, 
Examine, questionable, adj. is or id de quo 
or fa de qud quaeritur or quacstio est, incertus, 
anceps, dubivs. questioning, n. (inter)ro- 
galio, percontatio, quaestio. 

quibble, I. n. captio, carillatio (esp. in 
Quint.), ambages, -is, calumnia. II. v.intr. cavil- 
lari. quibbler, n. cavillator. quibbling, 
adj. captiosus. 

quick, I. adj. 1, see Live, Alive ; 2, see 
Fast, Speedy ; 3, «ccr, alacer, alacer et promptus 
(= active and ready) ; 4, = sharp, svbtilis ; see 
Sharp, Acute ; 5, — with child ; see Preg- 
nant. Adv. 1, cito, celeriter ; see Fast ; 2, mox, 
■mature ; see Soon. II. n. to cut to the — , ad 
vivum resecare (lit), mordere (fig.), quicken, 
v.tr. 1, animare (poet., also fig.) ; 2, see Acce- 
lerate ; 3, — to stimulate, accendere, incendere, 
injknnmare alqm. quicklime, n. calx viva. 
quickness, n. 1, velocitas, pernicitas; see 
Speed ; 2, of intellect, perspicacitas, sol(l)ertia, 
calliditas, ingenii alacritas, celeritas. quick- 
sand, n. syrtis (lit. and tig.), quick seen 
ted, adj. sagas, quick-sighted, adj. per- 
spicax (lit. and fig.), quick sightedness, n. 
perspicacitas, ingenii acies or acumen. quick- 
Silver, n. argentum vivum. quick-temper- 
ed, adj. iracundus ; see Irritable. quick- 
witted, adj. ace/-, acutus, urgutus, perspicax. 

quiescent, adj. i <y quiescere. quiescence, 
n. see Quietness. 

quiet, I. adj. quietus (= abstaining from ex- 
ertion), tranquillus {— with little motion, esp. of 
the sea), comb, tranquillus et quietus, pacatus 
(= reduced to peace and obedience, esp. of coun- 
tries), sedatus (= not excited, calm, e.g. gradus, 
tempus), placidus (= placid, undisturbed), otiosus 
(=free from business) ; a — life, vita quieta or 
tranquilla or tranquilla et quieta, vita placida, 
vita otiosa ; to lead a — life, vitam tranquillam 
or placidam or otiosam degere, quiete vivere, otiose 
vivere, vitam. vmbratilem colere ; a — province, 
provincia quieta (in gen.), provincia pacata 
(= reduced to a peaceful state). Adv. 1, tacite, 
silentio (=in silence); 2, quieto animo, tran- 
quille, quiete, placide, sedate, otiose. II. n. 1, 
(realties, -His, f., tranquillitas, remissio (the two 
latter after exertion), otium (= freedom from 
business), silcntium (= silence) ; 2, fig. quies, 
-etis, oti\im, tranriuillitas (o( mind), pax (=; peace, 
only polit.). III. v.tr. quietum redden, tran- 
quillare or sedan or placare (= to calm), pacare 
(= to pacify), quietness, n. see Tranquil- 
lity, Quiet, II. 

quill, n. 1, = pen, penna ; 2, of a porcu- 
pine, etc., spina; 3, of a musical instrument, 
plectrum. 

quilt, n. stragulum. 

quinquennial, adj. quinquennis, quinqiu 
annorum (in gen. = lasting live years), quin- 
quennalis (— done every live years, also = last- 
ing five years). 

quinsy, n. cynanche (Cels.), in pure Latin 
angina. 

quintessence, n. fios, floris, m. (the proper 
term) ; medulla {— marrow). 

quintette, n. cantus (-its) e quinque sym- 
phoniaxis editus. 

quip, n. facetiae. 

quire, n. scapus (Plin., with the ancients 
= 20 sheets). 

27 



quirk, n, see Quibble, I. 

quit, v.tr. sec Leave, Desert. 

quite, adv. pronut, plane, omniiio (=altd> 
gether, perfectly), plane, in or per outnes partes, 
per omnia (— in every respect), jienitus, funditu.i 
(— entirely, completely) ; satis (= enough, e.g. 
satis scio, = I am — certain), valde(= very), mtiy- 
nopere (= greatly) ; that is — wrong, /ahum est id 
totum ; I am — in love, lotus in amore sum ; to 
be of — a different opinion, longe aliter sentire; 
— right ! ita est I (as answer) ; — certain, haud 
dubic (— no doubt) ; not — , minus (e.g. not — 
so many) ; parum (= too little). 

quits, adv. render hyfidem suam solvisse ; we 
are — , nihil rel(l)iqui est. 

quiver, I. n. pharetrae ; -wearing a — , 
t pharclratus. II. v.intr. t trcpidare, tremere. 

qui-vive, n. on the — , by alacer; see 
Alert. 

quoit, n. discus. 

quota, n. (rata) pars (usu. pro rata parte). 

quote, v.tr. afferre, pro/erre (= to bring 
forward), re/erre (= to report), laudare (with 
praise), (yro)ponere (as an example), uotare 
(with censure), (com)memorure (=; to mention), 
transcribere (= to copy off) ; to — an instance, 
exemplum afferre; commemorare ; from which 
letters I have — d a few passages as an example, 
ex quibus lit't)eris pauca in exemplum subjeci. 
quotation, n. 1, = act of quoting, prolutio. 
commemoratio ; 2, = passage quoted, locus at- 
latus, etc. ; see Quote. 

quoth, v.intr. inquit, ait. 

quotidian, adj. cot(t)idianus. 



B. 

rabbi, n. * rabbi. 

rabbit, n. cuniculus. 

rabble, n. sentina reipublicae or urhis (=« 
the lowest of the people), /aex popidi (— the 
dregs), colhuno, quisquiliac (= refuse), turba (= 
crowd) ; see Mob. 

rabid, adj. rabidus; see Had. Adv. rabide. 

race, n. genus, -Iris, n. (also ' = gens, more 
particularly when we speak of the — to which 
a certain tribe belongs); gens (in a more 
gen. souse = all who belong to a certain tribe; 
in a more narrow sense, all who l>car the same 
generic name [nomina] in opp. to jamilia, i.e. 
the subdivisions of a gens) ; stirps (— the lineage 
of a family descended from a gens); progenies 
(lit = descent ; then also = posterity) ; prosapia 
(= stock), semen (lit. = seed, ineton. for genus), 
proles, -is, f. (= progeny), ?(omen(=name), tpro- 
pago, t sanguis; see Breed, Kind. raci- 
neSS, n. sucus, comb, sucus et sanguis, xi/fr 
vernuadus (= idiomatic — ). racy, adj. habens 
quemdam sucum suum ; habeas nescio quern an- 
porem vernacutum ; salsus (= pungent). 

race, I. n. = contest, cursus, -us, certamen, 
curriculum; to hold — s, cursu certare ; liorse 
— , cursus, -us, equorum or equester. II. v.intr. 
(cursu) certare or contendere, pedibus conten- 
dere <on foot), race -course, n. curricu- 
lum (in gen.), stadium (the ancient ardStov), 
circus(= circus), hippodromos. race-horse, U. 
equus, celes, -itis, in. racer, U. on foot, cursor; 
— a horse, equus. 

rack, I. n. 1, = manger, /aliscce ; 2, an 
instrument of torture, equuleus, tormenttun. 



rae 



§54 



fail 



Quacslio (= examination by torture) ; to put to 
the — , in equuleum abpn imponere, equuleo 
torquere, dare alqm in quaestionem. II. v.tr. 

1, lit., sec above ] 2) fig. torqucre, vcxare; see 
Torment, Vkx, 

racket, u. 1, =B bht) reticulum (not class.) ; 

2, = noise, strepitus, -us; see Noise. 

racquets, u. by pild Indite; sec Ball. 

radiance, n. /vigor (= brightness), claritas, 
candor, splendor, nitor. radiant, adj. 1, =: 
bright, clams, candidvs, splendidus, nitens, niti- 
dus, fulgens; 2, of expression of face, felix, 
tortus; see Happy, Glad. Adv. dare, splen- 
dide, nitide, felicitcr, laete. radiate, v.tr. 
and v.intr. radiare. radiation, n. radiatio 
(Plin.). 

radical, adj. and n. 1, = innate, insitus; 
it is a — fault", culpa hominibus natiird est insita, 
or by praecipuus (— chief), maximus (= very 
great) ; see Thorough ; 2, Grain. — word, 
verbum vativum, primigenium, primitivum ; 3, 
in politics, novarum rerum cupidus or studio- 
sus ; a red — , novarum rerum avidus. Adv. 
radicitus, fundilus, penitus, prorsus, omnino ; 
see Altogether. 

radish, n. raphanus (Plin.). 

radius, n. radius. 

raffle, I. v.intr. aled ludere ; to — for, de 
alqd re aleaejactu contendere. II. n. alea. 

raft, n. ratis. 

rafter, n. canterius, lignum transversarium, 
transtrum, dim. transtillum. 

rag, n. pannus. ragamuffin, n. homo 
pannosus or nequam. ragged, adj. (of men) 
paunosus (Cic), pannis obsitus (Ter.). 

rage, I. n. rabies, furor, saevitia, ira, ira- 
cundiu (see under Madness); alcjs rci cupiditas, 
cupido, studium, ai'iditas( = violent desire for, 
e.g. gloriae). II. v.intr. furere (of men, in poets 
also of personified objects), saevire(=: to be cruel, 
also tig. of things, e.g. of the wind) ; against 
anyone or anything, in alqm or in cdqd. rag- 
ing, adj. see Violent. 

rail, I. n. =bar, tignum troneverstim; on a 
railway, ferrum ; see Bar. II. v.tr. to — off, 
saeptis claudere, (con)saepire. railing, n. 
ptdus (= stake, fence), clathri (= trellis-work): 
see Fence, railway, n. via ferro strata; to 
construct a — , viam ferro sternere. 

rail, v.intr. conviciis or contumeliis uti ; to — 
at, alqm conviciis consectari, alci maledicere, 
malediita in alqm dicere or conferre. raillery, 
J), jocus, cavillatio. 

raiment, n. vestis, vesVtius, -us, vesUmentum, 
adtus, -us, ornatus, -us, habitus, -us (esp. in 
Suet.). 

rain, 1. 1>. pin via, imber, nimbu*(\\lth storm); 
— bow, arcus pluvivs (Hor.); in prose, gen. 
caelestis arcus, -us, and in the context simply ar- 
cus. II. v.impers. it — s, pluit; it — s fast, 
magnus tffunditur imber, magna vis imbrium 
effunditur. rainy, adj. pluvius, t aquosus, 
t imbrjfer. 

raise, v.tr. 1, (ut)tollhe ; 2, erlgere (eg. 
malum); 3, see Erect, Build; 4, to — the 
price, etc., by efferre (e.g. pretium (dejs ret), 
earlus venders alqd; to — the salary, slipendium 
augere; see Increase; 5, = to cause to grow, 
tducere (e.g. /lores semine sparso); 8, = to ele- 
vate anyone in condition, augere, ornare, pro- 
ducere ad dignitatem or ad honores ; to n high 
condition, amplis honoribus oruare or decora re ; 
1, — to stir up, excitare (e.g. amnios), erigere, 
recreare; 8, =• w bring together, colligere, (com)- 



parare, (con)scribere ; see Collect; 9, = to 
— the voice, by tollire (e.g. clamorem) ; 10, = 
to — a siege, oppugnatione desistcre, oppugna- 
tionem relinquere. 

raisin, n. acinus passus, t racemus passus, in 
pi. u cae passae (Col.). 

rake, I. n, 1, pecten, rostrum, rastellum, 
irpex (to break clods or to pull up weeds) ; 2, 
= good-for-nothing fellow, ganeo, nepos, -vtis, in. 
( = prodigal), Ziomo dissolutns or perditus. II. 
v.tr. pect in e rerrcrc (hay , etc.), radere(= to —the 
ground), rakish, adj. perditus, proftigatus, 
dissolutns. 

rally, I. v.tr. 1, to — troops, aciem or ardines 
restituere, milites in ordinem revocare; 2, = to 
banter, alqm ludere, irridere. II. v.intr. 1, of 
troops, se colligere; 2, in gen. se reficere, colli- 
mre, convalescere (from illness); see Recover. 
III. n. use verb. 

ram, I. n. aries, -etis, m. (both of sheep and 
battering — ). II. v.tr. alqd fistucd adigere, 
jistucare. _ rammer, n.fisiuca, pavieula. 

ramble, I. v.intr. errare (lit. and tip.), 
about, circum alqd (having lost the right road), 
vagari, palari, a proposito aberrare (fig.). II. 
n. ambulatio ; to go for a — , ire ambulutnm. 
rambler, n. homo vagus, erro ( = vagrant). 
rambling, adj. vagus (lit. and fig.). 

ramification, n. 1, lit. by ramis diffundi; 
2, tig. pars, ramify, v.intr. dividi; see also 
Extend. 

rampant, adj. in gen. feroz, snperbns 
(= proud); to be — , superbire; in heraldry, 
erectiis or arrectus. 

rampart, n. 1, vallum (properly speaking), 
agger, -en's, in. ( = a mound, mole) ; 2, tig. val- 
lum, propugnacnlum, praesidium. 

rancid, adj. rancidus. 

rancour, n. odium (pccidtum); see Hatred. 
rancorous, adj. imtus, iraeundus ( = angry), 
vialevolus, maligmis(=spitei\i\), in vidus (= envi- 
ous), infeslus, inimicus ( = hostile). Adv. irate, 
iracunde, maligne, infeste, inimice. 

random, adj. in casu positus, fortuitvs, or 
by adv. ; at — , temere, or comb, temere ac for- 
tuito (e.g. agere or facire alqd). 

range, I. v.tr. 1, see Rank, II. 2; 2, sen 
Roam. II. n. 1, ordo, series (in gen.), monies 
eontinui(= — of mountains), fWi jactus,-ns, or con- 
jectus,-vs( — of missiles); 2,— ofthought,etc.,by 
circumloc. (e.g. sententinnim varietute abun- 
dantissimum esse); — of subjects, rerum fee- 
quentia. 

rank, I. n. 1, of troops, ordo, -inis, m. ; the 
— S, ordines militum; to break through the — s, 
ordines perrumpere; to throw the — s into con- 
fusion, ordines (eon)turbare ; in their — , ordi- 
uati (of troops), ordinatim; 2, degree in 
military affairs, ordu (militandi), or by gradvs 
honoris or dignitatis (e.g. gradu honoris or dig- 
nitatis, and merely honore supcriorem esse alqo); 
to reduce to the — , in ordinem cogere; 3, in 
civil life = degree, locus (honoris or dignitatis), 
dignitas(= position in society); a Spaniard of — , 
Hisvanus nobilis. II. v.tr. 1, to — the soldiers, 
ordines or aciem iustruire; 2, = to place in a 
particular class, ordinare, disponere (=to ar- 
range), (in numero) habere (= to consider, e.g. 
ohpn in umicorum numero); see Consider. III. 
v.intr. by in ordinrm redigi ; to — with, eodem 
loco esse cum alqo (in gen.), pares ordines ducere 
(of two military officers). 

rank, adj. of plants, luxuriosus; of smell, 
+ graveolens, foetidus; = very great, magnus, 
maximus. 



tan 



835 



rea 



rankle, v.intr. perhaps mordcre ( = to bite), 
tapungire ( = to prick). 

ransack, v.tr. 1, a house, cxhuurire, exin- 
tinire, nudum utquc inane reddcre ; a temple, 
fanum eicrrere el extergere, spoliare expilareque, 
nudare ac spoliare; 2, = to search thoroughly, 
rhiiari, scrutari. 

ransom, I. n. 1, = the money paid as — , 
pecuniae quibus alqs redimitur, or by pretium, 
pecunia (e.g. alqm sine pretio dimittere, reddcre); 
2, = release from captivity, redemptio. II. 
v.tr. redimere (pecunia). 

rant, I. n. sermo tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. 
II. v.tr. perhaps sermone tumido uti, or simply 
declamare. ranter, n. orator tumidus, tur- 
gidus, inflatus. 

rap, I. v.intr. at the door, pulsare (fores). 
II. n. pidsatio. 

rapacious, adj. rapax,furax( = thievish). 
rapacity, n. cupiditas rapinarvm or praedae 
or praedae rapinarum, spoliandi cupldo, rapa- 
citas (the latter as inherent quality). ■ 

rape, n. stuprum mulieri oblatum. 

rapid, I. adj. rapiduz (of wind), irapax; 
see Swift, Quick. Adv. rapide. II. n. vertex, 
gurges, -His, in. rapidity, n. rapiditas; see 
Speed, Quickness. 

rapier, n. gladius (= sword). 

rapture, n. summa voluptas. rapturous, 
adj. beutus ( = blessed), felicissimus ( = very 
happy) ; see Happy. 

rare, adj. rarus(= not often met with), inusi- 
tutus ( = unusual), infrequens (= that is not often 
met); = thin, Tarns, tenuis, sinyularis, eximius 
(— exceedingly tine, etc.). Adv. raro ; I am — at 
Rome, Romae sum infrequens. rarefaction, 
ii. use adj. (e.g. the — of the atmosphere, aer 
extenuctus). rarefy, v.tr. extenuare. rarity, 
n. raritas, res rata, res rara visit or inventu. 

rascal, n. homo scelestus, sceleratus. ras- 
cality, n. scelus, -cris, n. rascally, adj. sce- 
lestus, turpis, sceleratus; see Base. 

rase, v.tr. = to level with the ground, solo 
aequare or adaequare. 

rash, adj. praeceps, praecipitatus (= headlong, 
etc.), inconsullus ( = inconsiderate, e.g. certamen), 
temerarius ( = thoughtless). Adv. inconsulte (iii- 
consulto), inconsiderate, temere, nimisfestinanter, 
praepropere ; to act — , festinantius agere. 
rashness, n. temeritas. 

rash, n. eruptio(nes) (Plin.), scabies (= itch). 

rasher, n. of bacon, lardi offula. 

rasp, I. v.tr. scobind rudire. II. n. sco- 
bTnu. 

raspberry, n. morum Idaeum. 

rat, n. mus. rat-trap, n. muscipula 
IPhaed.). 

rate, I. n. 1, at.the — , pro modo, pro ratio nc, but 
generally pro ; to buy at a high or low — , inagno 
or pur roe mere j — of interest, usura,fenus, -oris, 
n. ; 2, = tax, vectigal, tributum ; to lay a—, vecti- 
gal, tributum imponere alci (— to — anyone) and 
alci rei, tributum indiccre alci; 3, = manner, 
modus; at this — , in hum vwdum; at any — , 
eerie, utique ; -r of going (of a watch), motus, 
■us. II. v.tr. 1, arstimare alqd, ucstimationcm 
aleji rei facere ; see Estimate ; 2, alci imponere 
tributum; see Tax; 3, = to scold, increpare; 
see Scold, rateable, adj. cui vectigal imponi 
potest. 

rather, adv. 1, potius (if we select), prius 
(= before), multo inagis (= so much the more, in 
a higher degree), quin etiam, quin potius, quin 
immo (w)ieu we substitute something- still 



stronger, etc.), immo ( = nay even ; also comb. 
immo potius, immo vcro, immo cnimvero, 
immo etiam} ; and not — , ac non potius, also 
acnon; I did not ..., — ... (or in similar 
phrases), tantum abest, ut . . . ut ; I would — , 
by mulo, with infm. ; 2, = somewhat, aliquan- 
turn, aliquanto. 

ratification, n. sanctio, or by ratify, v.tr. 
a treaty, sancire pactum, fidem foederis flrmare, 
foedus rat urn facere. 

ratio, n. pro ratd portione ; see Proportion. 

ratiocination, n. see Reasonino. 

ration, n, demensum, cibus or victus, -us, 
diuturmts ( = daily allowance of food). 

rational, adj. 1, = having reason, ratione 
prueditus or utens, rationis particeps; 2, = 
agreeable to reason, (rationi) consentaneus. Adv. 
ratione ; to act — , ratione uti, prudenter or 
considerate agere. rationalism, n. opinio 
eorum qui in investigations veri ratione sud 
(neque divindquiddam lege) utendum esse putent. 
rationalist, n. qui, etc., putet; see above. 
rationality, n. ratio. 

rattle, I. v.intr. 1, crepare, crepitumdare ( = 
to make a crackling, clattering noise), strepere, 
strepitum d((re(— to make a loud noise), sonare (= 
to sound) ; 2, bluterarc(= to talk idly). II. v.tr. 
to — the chains, vinculo, movcre ; see before. III. 
n. 1, crepitus, -us, strepilus, -us, sonitus, -us,fragor 
(of thunder) ; 2, a child's plaything, t crepitacu- 
lum. rattlesnake, n. serpens. 

ravage, I. v.tr. vastare, populari. II. n. 
vastatio, populatio. 

rave, v.intr. furere, insanire, bacchwri, deli- 
rare, comb, ddirare et menle captum esse; =to 
talk irrationally, t ineptire { = to do and say 
things which are irreconcileable with common- 
sense), (h)ariolari (lit., = to prophesy, then = 
to talk nonsense ; ante class.) ; nugari (= to talk 
and do silly things), (h)al{l)ucinari ( = 'to blun- 
der, to talk as if one were dreaming). 

raven, n. corvus. 

ravening, adj. rapux, rorax, edax. rave- 
nous, adj. 1, see Ravening ; 2, — very hungry, 
cibi acid us. Adv. summa cibi aviditate, vora- 
citer. ravenousness, n. cibi aviditas, vara- 
citas, edacitas. 

ravine, n. angustiae via mm (in gen. = nar- 
row passage, path), fauces, -ium (= delile), sal- 
tus, -us (= mountain pass). 

raving, adj. see Rave, Mad. 

ravish, v.tr. 1, ulqam (per vim) stuprare ; 2, 
= to charm, oblectarc; see Delight, ravisher, 
n. raptor, or by verb, ravishing, adj. dulcis, 
mavis; see Delightful. 

raw, adj. orudus (opp. cactus, also of 
wounds), incoclus (= not yet boiled, opp. coctus, 
ante Aug.) ; half — , subcrudus, rudis (of any- 
thing in its natural state), impolilus (= un- 
polished, e.g. stone), inctdtvs (= not manufac- 
tured, worked up, cultivated, e.g. Held, vine) ; 
— gold, silver, aurum, argentum infectum (opp. 
argentum factum); — hands, troops, rudis; of 
weather, frigidus (^ cold), humidus ( = damp). 
raw-boned, adj. see Thin. 

ray, n. rodiiu; a — of hope, spes, specula, 
or by lux (e.g. lux quacdam cicitati affulsissii 
visa est). 

ray, n. a fish, raw (Plin.). 

razor, n. cutter tonsorius, novanda. 

reach, I. v.tr. and intr. 1, see Extendi 
Stretch; 2, = to touch by extending, contin- 
gcre, a/tingcre; 3, =to deliver with the hand, 
porrigere, praebcre ; 4, = to arrive at, pervenire 
cul or in with accus. (in gen.), attingcre locum, 



rea 



836 



tea 



caplre alijm locum (esp. by sea) J to — tlie har- 
bour, portion eapire, in portum petvenire, per- 
vehi; 5, = to arrive at by effort, assequi ; 6, of 
reports, pervenire, accedere, defer ri ad alqm. II. 
n. within — , quod vianu prehendi. quod con- 
tingi potest; out of — of gunshot, extra Uli 
jactum or conjectum. 

reach, retch, v.intr. nauseate, reach- 
ing, n. nausea. 

react, v.tr. 1, to — a play, fiibulam iterum or 
denuo dare (of the author), or edcre (of the 
manager of a theatre), or agere (of the actors) ; 
2, to — r.pon, alqm afjiccre (with adv. of the 
manner in which the affection takes place), re- 
action, n. commutatio (= change). 

read, v.tr. and intr. legire (in gen. ; lit. = 
to pick up, gather, e.g. spicas), recitare (= to — 
aloud, recite), praeire or pro e ire voce (= to — to 
anyone in order that he may repeat it after him) ; 
to — anything often, lectitare ; to — anything 
in a cursory manner, to glance at, pervolvere, 
pervolutare ; fig. to — in the future, praesagire 
futura ; to — the future in the stars, e. side- 
rum positu et. sjxdiis conjectunnn fiuxre de rebus 
futuris ; to — it in anyone's looks, by alqd in 
alcjs vultn or ex toto ore eminet (e.g. pigritia et 
disperatio in omnium vultu cminet, toto ex ore 
crudelitos eminet) ; a person that is well — , 
homo satis lit{t)eratns, eruditus, disertus ; fairly 
well — , tinctus lit(tjeris; to be much — , in 
manibus c-.se. readable, adj. jncundtts ; see 
Delightful, reader, u. lector, recitator (= 
one who reads aloud), anagnostes (— a slave 
who reads aloud), reading, n. lectin, pel- 
leetio, recitatio (aloud to anyone = recital); 
want of — , iiiscitia lit(f)eraruw ; worth — , 
dignus qui legatur, legendus; a true or false — 
in an author, vera or falsa lectin, reading- 
desk, n. perhaps pulpitum. 

ready, adj. 1. instructvs, paratvs {ad alqd or 
with infill.), promptus (= quick, ad alqd or in 
alqd or in cdqd re), comb, promptus ct paratus, 
expeditus ( = always prepared, in readiness) ; 
— to do a thing, paratus factre alqd or ad 
alqd faciendum; simply with the part. fnt. 
act. (e.g. moriturus, periturus) ; to be — , ad 
mauum esse, praesto adesse, forbad alqd; at 
anybody's command, ad nutum alcjs expedi- 
tum esse; to get or make — , parare, instru- 
ire alqd ; to get oneself — for, se parare ad 
alqd, se expedire ad alqd, {coyn)parare, instruere 
alqd ; = finished, perfectus, ahsolutus ; — money, 
pecunia praesens or numerata; to pay — money, 
pecuniam repraesentare ; 2, = obliging, offidosus, 
facilis. Adv. promjite, prompto nr panda annuo, 
libenter, libentissimo animo or (of several) liben- 
tissimis animis ; = easily, facile, readi- 
ness, ii. 1. to be in ■ — , poratum, promptum, 
promptvm paratumque, expeditum esse (of per- 
sons), sub manibvs esse (of servants, etc., at 
band, etc.), ad manum esse (of persons and 
tilings), in promptu esse, paratum or provisum 
esse, svppetere (= to be in sufficient quantity, 
of corn, etc); to hold in — , habere paratum, 
■in expedite ; 2, animus promptus or paratus, 
facilitas, oJHcium, stndium. 

real, adj. 1, = not fictitious, vents (= true, 
e.g. gloria, lavs), certns{= certain), sincerns{= un- 
alloyed), germanu.i (= true, e.g. brother; hence 
= genuine, e.g. Stoicus, patria); a — scholar, vere 
doctus, sometimes by ipse (e.g. the — man, homo 
ipse) ; 2, !n law, quod ad rem or res spectat, ad 
res pertinens; a — estate, solum, fundus. Adv. 
=s truly, vere, re, revera (or as two words, re 
vera), prof ecto, (enim)vero; ironically scilicet, !n 
question, itanevero? reality, n. quod est sen 
quod esse potest (Vilr.), res, res verae, verum. 
(ss realities, facts, what really exists opp. res 



jictac), Veritas, ilalura (both these words fii art 
abstract sense); in — , re, re. vera, reapst / to 
become a — , fieri, ejhci, ad effectum euldvei. 
realize, v.tr. 1, = to carry into effect, facere, 
cfficcrc, perficere, ad effectnm adducere or perdu- 
cere, ad verum perduccre ; 2, = to grasp mentally, 
intellegere {animo), repraesentare, ante, ociffos or 
sibi propoHcre ; 3, of money, pecuniam redigere 
or alqd alqn prelio vendere. realization, n. 
effectus, -us, inventio et excogitatio (= discovery), 
or by uxente concipcre. 

realm, n. ciintas, respublica {— state), rcgnum 
(= kingdom). 

ream, n. of paper, viginii scapi {scapns = 
a cylinder on which twenty sheets were rolled). 

reanimate, v.tr. 1, lit. perhaps alqm a 
t mortc revocare or mortno vitam reddire or resti- 
turre ; 2, fig. to — anyone's hoj>e, ad novam 
spem alqm excitare or erigcre, novam spent alci 
ostendere. 

reap, v.tr. 1, (depnetere; 2, prow, as you 
sow, su you will — , ut sementem feceris, ita 
metes; to — where we have not sown, alienos 
ugros demetcre, sub arbore quam alius consevit 
leghre fructum (Liv.) ; fig. = to gain, fructum 
capere, percipcre, the fruit of, ex alqa re, fructum 
alcjs reiferre. reaper, n. messor. reaping- 
hook, ii. fol.r. 

reappear, v.intr. redire (= to return). 

rear, n. agmen extremum or novissimum, 
acies novissima or extrema ; the — of the enemy, 
liostes norissimi, postrcini ; to form the — , agmen 
claudere, cogire. 

rear, I. v.tr. 1, see Raise, Lift ; 2, to — up, 
plants, i-te., alere (in gen.); children, educare, 
educire; see Educate; 3, tig., see Exalt, Ele- 
vate. II. v.intr. of horses, ex(syidtare, tollere se 
arrectnm. 

reason, I. n. 1, = cause, principium, mi- 
lium, fans, -litis, m. (= source, origin), causa (= 
cause), comb, causa et semen (e.g. belli), ratio; 
to state a — , (causam or rationem) afferrc 
(e.g. citr credam, afferre possum, firmissimum 
argumentum afferri videatur) ; not without a — , 
non sine causa, cum causii ; for this — , that, 
etc., propterca {quod), quod, quoniam, quamob- 
rem, quapropter, qv.arc, idcirco, itaque ; by — 
of, ex alqd re; there is no — , I have no — to, 
etc., or why, etc., non est, nihil est, quod or cur; 
non habeo, nihil habeo, quod or cur, with subj. 
(e.g. you have no — to make yourself uneasy, 
nihil est quod te moveat); I have — to feel 
ashamed, est quod mepudeat; what — has he (to 
say, etc.)'/ quid est quod, etc. ? I have more — 
to congratulate you than to request you, magi* 
est quod tibi gratuler, quam quod te rogem ; = 
fact, proof, «r(7?(7>i«7i<i<7M, res (generally in the 
pi., op]), verba); 2, ratio (as that which calcu- 
lates), mens (= understanding), prudentia, con- 
silium (= prudence) ; void of — , ratione carens, 
rationis expers ; 3, see Right, Justice; 4, = 
moderation, aeuuitus (also = feeling of justice), 
justitia, fas (of what is right according to the 
voice of anyone's conscience), moderatio, lib- 
eralitas ; in — , ex aequo, sicut aeqnum est, 
ut par est. II. v.intr. ratiocinari (in gen.), 
disputarc or disserere de cdqd re (about any- 
thing, animo or secum. rcputare (with oneself) ; 
see Argue, reasonable, adj. 1, rationis 
particeps {= rational), modestus (= unassuming), 
rationi conveniens, consentaneus (= in accord- 
ance with reason) ; 2, = moderate, aequus (= ac- 
cording to — demands), Justus (= according to 
what \s right, both of persons and things), 
meritve (= rightly deserved, e.g. praise), modicim 
(= moderate, In price, etc.); to buy at a -- 
cost, bene tmere. Adv. rationi eontenuntet, 



rea 



837 



rec 



merito, jure, bene, parvo pretio (= cheaply). 
reasonableness, n. ratio ; = moderation, 
aequitas, justitia, mode ratio, modestia; see Rea- 
son, reasoner, n. disputator, or use verb. 
reasoning, n. ratiocinatio, argumentatio ; see 
also Reason. 

reassemble, I. v.tr. recolligere. II. v.intr. 
iterum eogi or convenire ; see Assemble. 

reassert, v.tr. 1, .— to repeat, iterare, iterum 
co nji rmare ; see Assert; 2, = to re-establish, 
reslUuire (= to restore), vindicare (= to claim). 

reassume, v.tr. recipere. 

reassure, v.tr. confi rmare, recreate, erigere. 

rebel, I. v.intr. seditionem movere(=to cause & 
revolt), imperiumauspiciumqueabnuire (=to re- 
fuse obedience, of soldiers), rebellare, rcbcllionem 
facere (of a tribe recently subdued), imperium 
alcjs detrectare'( = to refuse to obey anyone), defi- 
ccre ab alqo or ab alcjs imperio, desciscere ab alqo 
(= to desert anyone). II. n. homo seditiosus, 
nororum consiliorum attctor, rebellion, n. 
seditio, motus, -us, tumultits, -its, rebellio. re- 
bellious, adj. seditiosus, turbukntus, novarum 
rental cupidus or studiosus. Adv. seditiose, tur- 
biilente(r). 

rebellow, v.intr. reboare, resonare. 

rebound, v.intr. repercuti, repelli (= to be 
driven back), residtre (=to fall back, of persons 
and things), resilire (= to jump back), resultare 
(= to leap back, of things) ; of echo, resonare, 
vocent reddere or rtmittere, voci rcspontiere. 

rebuff, I. v.tr. repellcre, re(j)icere. II. n. 
repulsa (of a candidate ; only poet, in wider 
sense), or by repelli; see Refusal. 

rebuild, v.tr. alqd tolum denuo or tie In- 
tegra aedijicare, restituere, rejicere, renovare (= to 
beautify). 

rebuke, I. v.tr. alqm reprehendcre de or in 
alqd re, alqm vilujwrare de alqd re, alqm objur- 
gate de or in alqd re, alqm (verbis) cctstigare, alqm 
or alqd increpare, alqm inerepitare, alqm alcjs rei 
incusare; see Blame. II. n. reprehensio, vitu- 
peratio, objurgatio, convicittm (= scolding), casti- 
gatio. rebuker, n. reprchensor, castigator, ob- 
jttrgator. 

rebut, v.tr. redarguerc, repellcre, refellere; 
see Confute. 

recall, I. v.tr. 1, revocare (the proper term, 
e.g. an opinion, scntentiam ; a promise, promts- 
sum), retractare (= to recant, e.g. words, dicta), 
alqd irrituvi esse jubere (e.g. largitiones), rescindere 
( = to rescind, e.g. a decree, a will), mutare (=to 
change, e.g. one's opinion, scntentiam) ; 2, = to 
call back, revocare (verbally and in writing, lit. 
and fig.), ulqmreverti jubere( = to order any one to 
return); to — an ambassador, alqm e legatioiie 
revocare ; to — troops from the battle, signum re- 
eeptuidare; to — to their (the people's) minds, 
mtntoriam alcjs rei renovare or redintegrare ; to 

— to anyone's mind, aid alqd in memoriam re- 
digere or redueerc, abpn in memoriam alcjs rei 
revocare or rcducire; to — to one's mind, me- 
moriam alcjs rei repetirc or revocare. II. n. 
revocalio, or by verbs, receplus, -us (— signal, for 

— of troops). 

recant, v.tr. se scntentiam revocare dieere. 
recantation, n. use verb. 

recapitulate, v.tr. enumerare, referre (= to 
relate) or more exactly colligcre et commoner* qui- 
bus de rebus verba fecerimus breviter. reca- 
pitulation, n. enumeratio, rerum repctitio et 
cuugrcgatio. 

recapture, I. v.tr. reoipere, II. n. by verb. 

recast, v.tr. 1, lit. recoqnere, con flare (= to 

mc}t down) ; 2, tig- tottnn dcn]iQ flnncrc (lit. = to 



mould all anew, Plaut.), finger t. or jbrmare ill 
tdiitd (lit. = to make into something quite dif- 
ferent), reooquere (lit and fig.), commutare(= to 
transform, e.g. rempublicam), renova re ( = to give a 
new shape, e.g. alqd in legibus); see Transform. 

recede, v.intr. recedtre, retro cedere. 

receipt, n. 1, acceptio, orbycircumloc. with 
accipcre (e.g. after the — of the money, etc., 
pecunid acceptd; after the — of your letters, 
lit(t)eris tttis accept is or allatis) ; to acknowledge 
the — of, testari se acccpissc alqd ; to sign the — 
in a book, acceptum refine alqd ; 2, "f money, 
a — , apocha (Jet., ojru^ij) or accepti latio (or 
as one word acceptilatio, when the money has 
really been paid ; ac. Int. = a discharge, UIp. 
Dig.), uutapoclia (= a written acknowledgment 
by the party who paid the money, to the 
effect that he paid it and got a — for it, Jet.) ; 
to enter the — of anything, alqd habere accep- 
tum; to give a — for, acceptum alqd testari 
(= to acknowledge to have received); 3, = a 
recipe, a medical prescription, prueceptum ; 
to make up a — (of the druggist), meilicamen- 
ttim ex vied ici formula dilucre. receive, v.tr. 
1, accipcre (in the widest sense ; also = to take 
a drink, medicine, poison, etc.), ferre, nanchei 
(of good and evil, accidentally or by chance, 
without any effort on our part) ; 2, to — a per- 
son, accipcre, excipere, salutart (= to greet, wel- 
come), recipere; to — kindly, benigne or benigno 
vultu excijiere, benigne salutare; to — one who 
arrives (in going to meet him), alci obviam 
vciticnti procedure; to — anyone in a ship, car- 
riage, to take in, tollcre alqm; 3, in one's house, 
recipere (as a benefactor), excipere (as a friend), 
hospitio accipcre or excipere tecto, ad se (domum) 
recipere; 4, anywhere, to — as citizen, a(d)scis- 
cere in numerum cirittm, facere civon ; into a 
family, in familiam assumere ; among the patri- 
cians, inter patricios or in numerum patriciorum 
assumere; into a society, etc., cooptare (in colle- 
gium et in ordinem) ; among (the number of) 
one's friends, in amicitiam recipere, accipcre, ad 
amicitium u(d)scribere, ainicum sihi adjungcre; 
not to — , re(j)icere; 5, to — , take anything 
said or done in a certain manner, accipcre, ex- 
cipere, iuterprctari (=to put an interpretation 
upon it); well, in bonam partem accipcre, boni 
or acqui bonique facere, boni consulcrc; not well, 
badly, ill, in malum partem accipere ; aegre, 
gruviter, moleste, indignc ferre, male iuterprc- 
tari. receiver, U. 1, qui cliqd accipit, receptor 
(esp. in bad sense, of thieves, etc.); 2, exactor 
(of taxes), portitor (of customs), receptacle, 
n. reccptaculum (= any place where things may 
be deposited or kept), cella, eellula (= store- 
room, cellar), horreum (=store-room, barn), ajio- 
theca (— repository for wine), armarium (for 
clothes), claustrum (for wild beasts), piscina 
(for fish; also in gen. = water reservoir), 
cavea (for birds), reception, n. 1, in gen. 
acceptio, or by verbs; 2, reeeptio, hospitium (in 
anyone's house and at his table), aditus, -lis (= 
access to anyone), cooptatio (into a body, so- 
ciety, etc.) ; to meet with a good, bad — , bene, 
male accipi, benigne, male excipt, at, ab alqo. 
receptive, adj. uptus ad discendum, docilis. 
receptiveness, receptivity, n. doeUUat. 
recipient, n. gut accipit. 

recent.adj. rcrei!s(ofwhatcamconly recently, 
of late, into existence, fresh, = young, opp. anti- 
quus, i.e. what existed in former times), also 
comb, recens ac novus or novus ac recens (of a 
thing that is but new, as well as of that which 
has but lately begun to exist). Adv. «u;x.t, 
recens (ante and post class.). 

receptacle, see under Receive. 

recess, n. 1, = retired place, rccessus, -u-i, 



rec 



838 



rec 



secessus, -its, penetrale (usu. pi. and mostly poet.) ; 

— in a room, perhaps angulus; 2, = holidays, 
feriae. 

recipe, n, see Receut, 3. 

reciprocal, adj. mutuits. Adv. mv.tuo, in- 
vicem. reciprocate, v.tr. inter se dare. 
reciprocity, n. vicissitudo (= alternation), or 
by verb. 

recital, n. enumeratio, narratio, commemora- 
tio. recite, v.tr. 1, = to repeat aloud, pronun- 
tiarc, recitare ; 2, = to narrate, enumerate, (com)- 
memorare, diecre, (c)narrare, referre, expowre ; 
see Narrate, Say. recitation, n. lectio, re- 
citatio. recitative, n. recitatio noiis signisquc 
composita. reciter, n. recitator. 

reckless, adj. 1, = rash, neglegcns, temera- 
riiis, incautus, imprudens ; 2, = of anything, 
ncglegens alcjs. Adv. negkgenter ('= carelessly), 
tenure (= rashly), imprudenter (^'inconsiderate- 
ly). recklessness, n. imprudentia, socordia, 
iifjlegentia, temeritas ; see Rashness, Care- 
lessness, or by verbs. 

reckon, v.tr. 1, computare, computare ra- 
tionem rei ; 2, see Consider, reckoning, n. 
ratio; to form a — , rationem habere rei, aesti- 
mare rem, rationem inire ; by my — , med opi- 
nione; to run your pen through the — , alci ra- 
tiones conturbare ; to find your — in, quaestum 
faeere in re. 

reclaim, v.tr. 1, repelere(by request), reposcere 

(imperatively), exigere (=to collect money that is 
owing, e.g. crcdita, anything lent), alqd recipere 
(= to recover), alqm or alqd ab alqd re vvndieai 
2, fig. to call back from error, vice, etc., alq 
revocare ad. rirtutem (a perditd lu.vurid, etc.), 
alqm ad officii) m reducere. 

recline, I. v.tr. reclinare ; to — the head 

■upon the elbow, niti or initi cubito, initi in 
eiibitum. II. v.intr. jaccrc (= to lie), accumbere, 
(ac)cubare (at table), reclining, adj. (rc)snpi- 
mis (on the back). 

recluse, n. homo solitarius; see also Her- 
mit. 

recognise, v.tr. 1, a(d)gnoscere, (re)cognoscere 
(=to make the acquaintance of anyone a second 
time); to — anyone by anything, Hoscitare alqm 
alqd re (e.g. facie, voce); 2,= to acknowledge, 
cognoscere (in gen.), appellare alqm with aecus. 
of the title (=to declare anyone), (com)probare 
(= to approve), accipere (= to receive), recog- 
nition, n. 1, in gen., see Recocnise; 2, com- 
pnbat'w. recognizance, n. sponsio, vadi- 
monium ; to enter into — s, vadimonium faeere. 

recoil, v.intr. repercuti, resilire (lit. and 
fig.), t resultare, recellere ; to — at, refugcre et 
reformidare alqd. 

recollect, v.tr. alcjs rei (com)meminisse, 
reminisci, alqd recordari, comb, reminisci ct re- 
cordari, or by memoriam alcjs rei tenerc or habere, 
memorem or hand immemorem esse alcjs rei (all 
= meminisse), memoriam alcjs rei repetere, rec 1 
carp, renorare, redintegrare, memorid repetere alqd, 
s>ibit animvm alcjs rei memoria, alqd mihi in 
memoriam, venit mihi in mentem. alqd, alcjs rei, 
de alqd, re (all = reminisci) ; to — anything 
quite well, commeminisse with genit. ; I cannot 

— it, memorid alqd ercessit, delapsum est, erne- 
morid alqd mihi exiit, excidit, ex animo alqd 
effilixit, fvgit or refugit alqd mram memoriam. 
recollection, n. memoria (= memory, and re- 
membrance), recordatio (the act), comb, recor- 
datio et memoria, memoria ac recordatio ; to 
bring to one's — , in memoriam redigere, reducere, 
revocare. 

recommence, I. V.tr. de Integra instaurare 
(= to .set on foot again), (rcd)intc^rare t ~ to 



begin afresh), renovare (= to renew), iterare (= 
to begin a second time), repcttre (=to repeat, 
after an interruption). II. v.intr. rcnasci, or 
by pass, of verbs given above. 

recommend, v.tr. commendare; to — one- 
self, gratvM esse, pladrc, probari (all of persons 
and things), to anyone, alci; by, se commen- 
dare alqd re (of persons), commendnri alqd re 
(of things), rccommendable, adj. coynmen- 
dandus, commendationc dignits, coinmenddbilis. 
recommendation, n. commendatio, lavdatio, 
suffragatio (by voting in favour) ; to give any- 
one a — to anyone, alqm commendare alci, 
ad alqm de alqo scribere ; his — is of great use 
to me with, maxima usui mihi est alcjs com- 
mendatio apud alqm; a letter of — , lil{t)erae 
cmnmendaticius ; to give anyone a letter of — 
to, alqm commendare alci per lit(t)eras. re- 
commendatory, adj. commendaticiiis. 

recompense, I. n. pretiinn, merces, -cdis, 
{., reinuneratio, mumis, -eris, n. ; sec Reward. 
II. v.tr. compensare, rcmuneruri ; see Re- 
ward. 

reconcile, v.tr. 1, placare (by reconciliatory 

means, in gen., e.g. nvmen divinum), Ktpiare(any- 
thing polluted by a crime, e.g. nnmen, manes); to 
— a person with anyone, alqm cu m alqo or alqm or 
alcjs auimumalci reconciliare or reducere or resti- 
luere in graliam, also alqm In alcjs gratiam recon- 
ciliare or rcstitucrc; to — oneself with, to any- 
one, reconciliari alci, reconciliare sibi alqm or 
edejs animum or alcjs gratiam, in gratiam cum 
alqo redire or reverti ; 2, = to make congruous, 
alqd ad alqd or alci rei accommodare, faeere ut 
alqd cum alqd re conveniat or congrual ; lig. of 
things, to be — d together, congrvere, congruen- 
tcm esse alci rei, aptiim esse alci rei, non alieninn 
esse ab alqd re, both with genit. (e.g. sapientis 
est); 3,= to submit to, se siib(j)icere, obtcm- 
perare or pure re, with dat., alqd siibire or per- 
fcrre; see Yield, reconcilable, recon- 
ciliatory, adj. 1, placdbilis; 2, qui (quae, 
quod) alci rei accommodari potest, reconciler, 
n. reconcilialor gratiae. reconciliation, n. 
1, reconciliatio concordiae or gratiae ; 2, see 
Atonement ; 3, = agreement of things seem- 
ingly opposite, by verb Reconcile, 2. 

recondite, adj. recondltus. 

reconduct, v.tr. reducere. 

reconnoitre, v.tr. to — a locality, etc., cog- 
noscere quails sit natura edejs loci, naturam alcjs 
loci pcrspicere (accurately), situm alcjs loci specu- 
lar i(= to explore), viserealqd (in gen. = to inspect 
anything, e.g. copias hostium), crplorare alqd ( = 
to spy out, e.g. itinera hostium) ; one sent out to 
— , cxplorator. reconnoitring, n. by verbs. 

reconquer, v.tr. recipere, reciperare (rccup-). 

reconsider, v.tr. denuo, rursvs or iterum 
considerarc, reputare, etc. ; see Consider. 

record, I. v.tr. referre in tabulas, libellum, 
el''., lit(t)eris or memoriae mandare. II, n. 
!il(t)crae, tabulae, historia, monwnentum, memo- 
ria alcjs rei. records, pi. annates , -mm, m. 
(= annals), acta (publica or diurna or urbana, = 
journal), fasti (= calendar), tabulae (publicac) (— 
oilicial state — ), actaSc>iatus(= — ofthe Senate). 
record-office, n. taJndariwn. recorder, 
n. = keeper of records, chartularius (legal, Jet.), 
componendis pat rum actis delectus (Tac, of re- 
cords of the Senate) ; = a judge, judex. 

recount, v.tr. referre; see Relate. 

recourse, n. to have — to anyone or to 
anything, arnfitgere or perfugere ad alqm or alqd 
(lit. and lig.), alcjs rei perfvgio vti (fig. e.g. 
aqnarum), decurrere ad alqm or alqd, se ad alqii\ 
roiiferre ; in bad sense, ad alqd descender^ 



¥60 



839 



ref 



recover, I. v.tr. rccipire, (e.g. res amissas) 
reciperare, rcparare, repetcre; to — one's debts, 
evincere (Jet.), nomiiM sua exigere (e.g. amissa). 
II. v.intr. 1, convalescere, sanescire, sanitulem 
recipere or reciperare, restitui in sanitatem; to 
— from illness, convalescere e viorbo ; 2, in 
gen. = to regain a former condition, se or 
animum colliycre, se reficere, se or animum re- 
cipere with and without ex (a) pavore, se recreate 
ex timore, respirare a metu, respirare el se reci- 
pere (from fright), se or animum crigcrc (from 
a desponding state of mind), vires, auctori- 
tatem, opes reciperare, pristituim fortunam re- 
parare (= to regain influence, etc.) ; in law, see 
above, recoverable, adj. quod restitui or 
reparari, etc., potest, \reparabilis; in law, quod 
evinci potest (Jet.), recovery, n. 1, in gen. 
reciperatio ; 2, saiiitas restltuta, valeludo coufir- 
mata ; to have, to entertain, no hopes for 
anyone's — , alqm or edejs salutem desperure 
(Cic.); all the medical men doubt of his — , 
omnes medici difiiclunt ; 3, in law, evictio (Jet). 

recreant, n. 1, = apostate, apostata (EccL); 
2, see Coward. 

recreate, v.tr. 1, = to create anew, renovare, 
recreare; see Renew ; 2, = to amuse, etc., one- 
self, rcquiescere. (= to rest), animum relaxare, re- 
mittere, mentem reficere et recreare (= to revive), 
recreation, n. reqvies, -etis (= rest) ; — of the 
mind (after hard work, care, etc.), auimi re- 
missio, relaxatio, oblectatio, requies ; for — , Ipj:- 
andi levaiulique animi gratia; to allow oneself 
a few moments' — , aliquantulum sibi parcere. 

recriminate, v.intr. culpam, crimen, etc., 
in alqm regerere. recrimination, n. aceusotio 
mutua (Taa). 

recruit, I. v.tr. and intr. 1, one's strength, 
$e or vires recreare, reficere; 2, to — the army, 
supplere, explere,' detections supplere, supplement- 
um scribcre aid, reficere, milites conscribere, 
dehctum habere. II. n. novus miles (in gen.), 
tiro (not drilled, opp. vetus miles, Vetera mt s) ; 
the — s, milites tirones, milites in supplcmentum 
lecti, also supplement um (= reserve) ; a — ing 
officer, conquisitor. recruiting, n. conquisi- 
tlo, delectus, -us. 

rectangle, n. figura orthogonia. rect- 
angular, adj. orthogonios. 

rectification, n. eorrectio, emendatio. rec- 
tify, v.tr. corriglrc, emendate (mistakes in writ- 
ing, copying, printing) ; see Correct. 

rectilineal, adj. (di)rectus. 

rectitude, n. aequitas, probitas, integritas, 
lionestas, simplicitas, ingenuitas(in one's actions), 
animus ingenuus. 

rector, n. of a grammar-school or college, 
scholarum, gymuasii, academiae, rector or mode- 
rator; to be — of, etc., praeesse, praefeclum esse 
alci rei; of a parish, paroeciae rector, or, where 
possible, sacerdos (= priest). 

recumbent, adj. (re)supinus, ireclinis, or 
by rcclinari ; see Recline. 

red, adj. ruber, rubens (= bright — ), ru/us(= 
light—, auburn), rutilus(= lire-red) ; rubicundus 
(= ruddy), rubidus (= dark — ), punkcus (= 
purple ), \ sanguineus (= blood — ), \fiammeus 
(= flame-coloured) ; — hair, capillus rufus or 
rutilus; the — sea, Sinus Arabicus. redden, 
I. v.tr. t rubefacere. II. v.intr. (e)rubesccrc( = to 
blush), red-hot, adj. candetis, ferrens. red- 
lead, n minium, redness, n. ru&or, pudor. 

redeem.v.tr. redimere, Uberare (=to set free); 
a pledge, repignerare quod pignori datum est 
^Ict.) ; sec also Free, redeemer, n. liberator, 
tndex, from anything, alcjs rei (= deliverer), re- 
^emptor (by ransom ; * mnndi redemptor, the — of 



the world), * servator ; see SAVioun. redemp- 
tion, n. 1, redemptio, liberation deliverance); 

2, in theology, '6alus( — salvation), * redemptio. 

redolent, adj. alqd reddens. 
redouble, v.tr. reduplicare, i ingeminate. 
redoubt, u. easttllum, propugnaculum. 

redound, v.intr. redundare; to anyone's 
credit, esse with double dat. (e.g. it — a to jay 
credit, est mihi honori). redundancy, n. re- 
dundantia. redundant, adj. rulundatis, su- 
pervweaneus. 

redress, I. v.tr. = to amend, eorrigere, emen- 
date, restituere, alci rei medcri, alci satisfacere 
de alqd re; to — a wrong, iujuriam sarcire. II. 
n. sutisfactio, remedium, or by verb. 

reduce, v.tr. 1, = to bring to any state, to 
— to order, in integrum reducere (civil affairs, 
ete.) ; to — a man to poverty, alqm ad inopiam 
redigere; to — to ashes, incendio delereQ* house, 
town, etc.), incendiis vastare (e.g. omnia) ; to — 
one to despair, alqm ad desperationcm adduce re 
or redigere; 2, = to diminish in length, quan- 
tity, etc., (im)minuere, dcmiwiere (in gen.); to — 
the price of, pretivm alcjs rei (im)minuere ; 3, = 
to conquer, vincere, ex])ugnare (of a stronghold). 
reduction, n. 1, by verbs; 2, expngnatio ; 

3, in arith. and logic, reductio. 
reduplication, n. rcduplicatio as gram, t.t. 

reecho, v.intr. resonare alqd or alqd re or 
remitters, alqd re residtare. 

reed, n. carcx( = sedge, shear-grass), arundo 
(= cane), canna (= small — ), calamus, reedy, 
adj. arundineus. ' 

reef, I. n. 1, scopuli, saxa (= rocks) ; see 
Rock ; 2, = portion of a sail, velum. II. v.tr. 
vela subducere. 

reek, v.intr. fumare. 

reel, I. n. 1, = a winder, glomus (= ball, e.g. 
lini); 2, = a dance, salkitio. II. v.intr. tibu- 
bare, vacillare. 

reelect, v.tr. reficere. 

reestablish, v.tr. restituere, reficere. re- 
establisher, n. restitutor. reestablish- 
ment, u. restitutio, refect io ; see Renewal. 

refectory, n. cenacidum. 

refer, I. v.tr. 1, = to direct, etc., anyone or 
anything to another person, alqm or alqd dele- 
gare ad alqm or ad alqd, revocare alqm ad alqm 
or ad alqd (e.g. alqm ad Graecorum poitarum 
fabulas), rc(j)icire or remittere alqd ad alqm (e.g. 
causam ad senatum); 2, hg. to — anything to a 
thing, referre or deferre alqd ad alqd; anything 
to another matter, alqd ad idiom rem transferre; 
everything to sensual pleasure, omnia ad vohip- 
tatem corporis referre. II. v.intr., to anyone or 
to anything, spectare ad tdqd (intended), jierii- 
ncre, rcferri ad algd (really), alqm or alqd attin- 
gere or perstringcre, alcjs rei meutionem facere; 
it — s to this, that, etc., hoc eo Imectat, vt, etc. ; 
it — s to those who, etc., hoc illis dictum est, 
qui, etc. ; to — a speech, a sermon, etc., to any- 
one, oralione designalur alq3 ; = to apical to 
anyone, provocure ad alqm, ap)*Uare twpn and 
alqd (both also = to appeal to a higher tribunal), 
alqm testari, alqm testem citarc (= to — to anyone 
as a witness), delegare, rc(j)icere ahpn ad alqd 
(for better information), afferre alqd (=to — to, 
as a proof), alcjs rei excusationem afferre, alcjs rei 
excusatione uti(= to — to anything, as an cxeuse 
for, etc.). referable, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad 
alqm or alqd rcferri potest, referee, n. arbiter. 
reference, n. 1, to anyone, by verbs ; 2, 
allusion to books, persons, etc. ; see Quota 
tion ; 3t 5= relation, by ratio ; to have — to.. 



ref 



840 



reg 



periinere, referri ad alqd ; having no — to 
the matter, alienus ab alqa re; with — to, 
etc., by quod- attinet ad (e.g. quod ad Ubrum 
attinet'quem tibi flius dabat, Cic), or by ad 
(e.g. adornalum ad specimen magnifico nrnatu, 
Cic.) ; or by de with abl. (= on account of, con- 
cerning, e.g. rectc non credis de mimcro mili- 
um, Cic). 
refill, v.tr. replcrc. 

refine, v.tr. 1, liquarc (yinum), purgare 
(Plin., gold, silver, etc.); 2, fig. (ex)polire, 
excolere. refined, adj. (ex)polltus, urbanus, 
coniis (= courteous), humanus, liberalis, elegans ; 
a — palate, palatum subtile; — torture, exquisi- 
tum supplicium. refinement, n. 1, of liquids, 
etc., by verb Refine, I. ; 2, of manners, etc., 
nrbanitas. comitas, humanitas, elegantia; of 
language, etc., subtilitas, comb, subtilitas et 
elegantia, argutiue. 

reflect, I. v.tr. to — the rays of light, radios 
repercutere, regerere. II. v.intr. 1, of the mind, 
rcmittere ; the mind is — ed in the face, mens in 
facie tanquam in speculo ccmitur, or imago men- 
tis est vultus ; to — on, secum in animo consider- 
are, or simply consiilerare alqd or de alqd re 
(= to dwell on), cmnmentari alqd or de alqd re 
{= to think over in private) ; alqd or de alqd re 
secum meditari, alqd secum reputare, alqd (rc)col- 
vere, memoriam alcjs rci repetcrc or revocurc; 
see Think ; 2, to — upon, culpare ; see Blame. 
reflection, u. 1, of rays, etc., rcpercussus, -us 
(Piin.) ; 2, = image reflected, imago; 3, — 
thought, meditalio, commentatio, cogitatio, con- 
sideratio, deliberatio, repututio ; 4, as quality, 
mens, ratio, consilium ; 5, = blame, reprchensio ; 
see Blame, reflective, adj. 1, magni consilii ; 
3ce Thoughtful ; 2, Gram, rtciproevs. 

reflux, u. reccssus, -us. 

reform, I. v.tr. 1, = to make anew, renovare, 
restitucre; of scattered troops, ordiucs rest itvere; 
2, = to amend, corrigere, emendure. II. v.intr. 
$•• corrigere, mores suos mutare, in viam redirc. 
III. n. correctio, emendatio (in gen.); of man- 
ners, nwrum mutatio. reformation, n. 1 
see Reform, III. ; 2, Keel., reformatio, re- 
formatory, n. by circuml. (e.g.' career ad see- 
lestos corrigendos destinalus), or, where context 
allows, by career alone, reformer, n. correc- 
tor, emendaior. 

refract, v.tr. radii infringuntur or refrin- 
guntur. refraction, n. refractio radiorum. 

refractory, adj. contumar ( = contumacious), 
imperium detrectans (= refusing to obey, of 
Soldiers, subjects), detrectans mililiam (= of 
soldiers), refractoriness, n. contumacia. 

refrain, v.tr. (se) abstinerc, se continere ab 
alqd re, (sibi or animis) temperare ab alqd. re or 
quin or quominus; to — from tears, lacrimas 
tenere, temperare a lacrimis. 

refresh, v.tr. rrfrigerare( = to cool), recrcare, 
reficere (= to revive, to renew one's physical 
strength), tomb, reficere et recrearc, recriare rt 
reficere ; to — anyone by giving him something to 
cat, eibo jurare alqm ; to — with meat and drink, 
cibo ic potione firman alqm ; to — oneself, 
nnimum reparare, rela.rare, intcgrare (in gen.) ; 
by mental recreation, animo rtlaxari. refresh- 
ing, adj. reflciens, recreans, mavis, dnhis. re- 
freshment, ii. 1, rcfrrtin (as act), id quod 
corpus reficit (— what refreshes the body), de- 
ledatio (= delight, (IB a condition), loramentitm 
(fur the mind); 2, — fl, cibvs. 

refrigerate, v.tr. refrigerarc. 

refuge, n. perfuginm , rcfugium, asylum (= an 
asylum for cyerybndy gen, a sacred grove or 



temple), rccessus, -iis, secessus, -Us (=retreat), re- 
ceptaculum (= a place where one may find shelter 
from prosecution, etc.), portus, -iis (lit. = harbour ; 
hence fig. = any place of shelter), comb, portus 
et perfugium, praesidium, comb, pcrfvgium et 
praesidium salutis ; to seek a — at a place, (co«)- 
fiigere or perfugere or rifugere ad or in alqm 
loeiim, alqo loco perfugio uti ; to have a — , per- 
fugium or receptum habere, refugee, n. fugi- 
tivus (= a runaway slave, or a deserter), end, 
cztorris, profugns (= exile). 

refulgent, adj. see Bright. 

refund, v.tr. redden (e.g. ad assem old im- 
pensum, (dis)solvcre (e.g. a debt, nomen ; to — a 
sum of money lent, aes alienum), rescribcre (= 
to pay money by bill). 

refuse, I. v.tr. alqd rccusarc (or with accus- 
and infin., quin or quominus = to — to do any 
thing), alqd (de)negare (or with accus. and flit- 
infin.), alqd detrectare, repwdiare, renuere, respu- 
ere; to — anything to anyone, alqd alci recu- 
sare. II. n. ramentum (Plin., = shavings, etc.), 
scobis( = sawdust, smaller than ramentum), retri- 
mentum (of olives, metals, etc.), intertrimentum 
(of metals, etc., in melting), purgamen(tum) (= 
dirt swept oil), faex (= dregs, lit. and tig.), quis- i 
quiliae (= sweepings, usu. tig.), sentina (= bilge- 
water ; also tig.), refusal, n. recusatio, repu- 
diatio, repulsa (= rejection of a candidate); to 
give anyone the — of anything, alci potestalem 
alcjs rei emendae facere. 

refute, v.tr. refellcre (anyone's opinion by 
arguments, a person or thing), redarguere (= to 
convince of the contrary, a person or thing), 
comb, refellcre et red re, con vincere (= to con- 

vince anyone that he is wrong, to prove the 
fallacy of anything, e.g. errores), revincere (=to 
prove the contrary of an assertion), confutare, 
e.g. argumenta Stoicorum), diluere (= to weaken, 
e.g. crimen), comb, refutarc ac diluere, diluere tie 
refellcre, diluere alqd etfalsum esse doccre, dissol- 
vere ; to — anything by testimonies, evidence, 
alqd tcstimon iis refutare. refutation, n. con- 
futatio, refutatiu, responsio. 

regain, v.tr. recipiere, reciperare, 

regal, adj. see Royal. 

regale, v.tr. see Entertain; to — one- 
self, see Feast. 

regalia, n. ornatus, -its, regins, insignia 
rcgia (pi.). 

regard, I. v.tr. 1, animum intendcre in 
alqd or alci rei, alqd animpdecrtcre (or animum 
oifie/7t>c, = to direct one'satteution to), observare 
cdqd (= to notice), inineri (in) alqd (= to look at), 
respicire alqd (— to mind), spectare alqd (= not 
to lose sight of) ; as — s so-and-so, by pertinere 
ad, etc. (= to concern), attinen ad, etc. ( = to be- 
long to), spectare alqd or ad alqd (= to refer to), 
attingcre alqm (= to have reference to anyone) ; 
not to — , neglegere ; 2, = to care for, alg?» or 
alqd carum habere, collre, diligere {= to esteem), 
magni alqm aestimare ; 3, = to consider, ducerc, 
habere; see Consider. II. n. 1, respeclus, -iis 
(lit., = the looking back; hence consideration 
of thoughts and sentiments), ratio ( = reference), 
euro (=care); to have — to, etc., respectum 
habere ad alqm, respicere alqm or alqd, rationem 
habere alcjs or alcjs rei, rationcm dncere alcjs rei ; 
for oneself, svam rationem dncfre, de. sc eogi- 
tare ; out of — for, in Latin often by the dative 
of the person, e.g. animadversioaem et suppli- 
cium remitters alci; with — to anything, see 
Reference ; 2, =cstccm, alcjs caritas, stadium, 
amor (= love), pictas crga alqm (= dutiful 
affection) ; see Affection ; kind — s (etiam aiipu, 
eliam) rale, (ralcte) ; Cicero sends his — s, Ciccra 
tibi fhlutan plurimam dicit. regardful, adj. 



reg 



841 



rel 



see Attentive, regardless, adj. in quo 
nullius ratio luibetur, in quo delectus omnis et 
discrimen omittitur, neglegens; see Careless. 
Adv. neglegenter, nullius ratione hubitd, delectu 
onaii et discrimine omisso. 
regatta, n, sec Race. 

regency, n. regni administrate, interreg- 
num (= interreign), procuratio regni (— the 
office of a viceroy) ; to entrust anyone with the 
— , administrationem regni in alqm transfer re. 
regent, n. procurator regni or imperii, inter- 
rex. 

regenerate, v.tr. regenerare; to be — d, 
renasci. regeneration, n. regenerate (Eccl.). 

regicide, n. 1, = murder of a king, regis 
caedes, -is, f., in the context also parricidiwn 
(regis); to commit — , regem interficire ; 2, = the 
murderer, regis inte ejector or percussor or patri- 
cida. 

regiment, n. legio (of infantry), turma equi- 
tum (of cavalry). 

region, n. regio (in gen.), tractus, -us (— tract 
of a country, referring to the distance), plaga 
(only of the — of the sky, also plaga caeli), ora 
(lit. = tract on the coast), pars(— part, district, 
also of the sky), loca, pi. (places, gen. with an 
adj. expressing the nature of the soil, e.g. loca 
amoena). 

register, I, n. liber (as note-book), tabulae 
(= tallies), album (— an official account, report, 
e.g. of the judges, suitors, applicants, etc.); to 
enter in a — , in album referre. II. v.tr. in acta 
publico, referre (of public — s), in tabulae referre 
(in gen.), registrar, n. in gen. qui alqd in 
acta publica refert, registration, n. use verb. 

regret, I. n. (com)miseratio (= the giving 
vent to one's compassion), dolor (= grief), desi- 
derium (= longing), paenitentia (= repentance). 
II. v.tr. dolere, aegre or molcste ferre, lugere (— 
to mourn); it is to be — ted, dolendum est quod; I 
— , doleo; hence = to repent, pacnilet or piget 
vie alcjs rci ; = to feel the loss of, desiderare, 
desiderio alcjs teneri. 

regular, adj. ordinatus (= ordered), omnibus 
membris aequalis et congruens (of the — shape of 
the human body, also of a — building), omnibus 
partibus absolutus et perfectus ( = perfect in gen.), 
aequabilis (= equable), constans ( = not deviating 
from the — course, e.g. the course of the stars) ; 
certus ( = fixed), recho(=correct) ; — troops, mill- 
tes legionarii (in the ancient sense, opp. velites, 
= light troops) ; =s legitimate, ordinary, Justus 
(in gen.), legitimus (= legitimate) ; a — battle, 
justa pugna ; in — array, acie (in battle), com- 
posito agmine (of line of march) ; the ■ — consuls, 
consules ordinarii; — revenue, income, status 
reditus, -us (opp. reditus extraordimirius). Adv. 
online, constanter (e.g. cursus suos servare), recte, 
ordinate, composite, juste, aequabiliter, legitime. 
regularity, n. ordo, constantia, aequabilitas, 
symmetria (= proportion, Vitr.), apta compositio 
(of words in a sentence), regulate, v.tr. ordi- 
iiare, componere, dirigerc, formare, fingere ; to — 
oneself by anything, se ad alqd accommodare ; see 
Arrange, regulation, n. ratio, ordo, -inis, m., 
mos, consuetudo, institutum (of what is custom- 
ary), lex (of what has become almost a law) ; do- 
mestic — , victus atltusqne, privatae vitae ratio ; 
= order, jussum, praeceptum, edietum (— edict) ; 
— s, instituta et leges; to make a few fresh — s, 
quaedam nova instituere; a few useful — s, quae- 
dam ntilia instituere, also quasdam utilitates 
instituere; it is a wise — in nature that, etc., 
salubrit'er a natnrd institutum est, id or quod. 

rehabilitate, v.tr. anyone's character, culpd 
alqm Uberare. 

27* 



rehearsal, n. meditate (= previous stinh) ; 
to have a — , praelndere fabnlae (of the actor), 
rehearse, v.tr. see above ; praeludcrc concenlul 
(of the orchestra and the singer). 

reign, I. V.intr. regnare (as a king), Imperium 
tenere, imperare, imperium alcjs terrae ootinere. 
II. n. regnum, dominate, princijxdus, -ils, im- 
perium ; in the — of, regnante at regealqo; sea 

Rl'LE. 

reimburse, v.tr. see Indemnify, Refund. 
reimbursement, n. see Indemnity. 

rein, I. n. hdbena, frenum (lit. and fig.), 
lorum, pi. frena or fre.ni ; to pull the — s, ha- 
benas adducere (lit. and lig.), to loosen the — s, 
frenos dare (lit. and tig.); to take the — s of 
government, clavum imperii tenere. II. v.tr. 
frenare (lit. and fig.) ; to — in, habenas adducere. 

reindeer, n. reno. 

reinforce, v.tr. amplificare (= to cause to be 
of greater extent, strength, e.g. n tone), augerc 
(= to increase, e.g. an army); to — an army, 
auxiliis conftrmare, copiis firmare; to — one's 
army (of the commander), novis copiis se reno- 
vare (after the army had been reduced in num- 
bers), reinforcement, n. supplementum, novae 
copiae (= new forces), auxilium (= allies), sub- 
sidium (= reserve) ; somebody receives — , cojna 
alci augetur, subaidium alci mittitur. 

reins, n. rents, -urn, ra. 

reinstate, v.tr. in (regnum, etc.) reducere, 
or by restituere (= to restore). 

reinvlgorate, v.tr. see Refresh. 

reiterate, v.tr. see Repeat. 

reject, v.tr. re(j)icire, improbare, nprohutt 
fthe two foregoing = to disapprove), repudiate 
(= to repudiate), respucre (=to spit out), speriiere, 
aspernari(= to throw away, asp. implies disdain), 
contemnere (— not to consider worth having) ; to 
— entirely, omnino -non probare, fund it us repu- 
diate, legem suffragiis repudiare (different from 
legem abrogare, i.e. to rescind) ; a condition, a 
proposal, condicionem repudiare or respucre ; to — 
prayers, preces aversari. rejection, n. rejectio 
(e.g.judicum), improbatio, repudiatio, aspernatio, 
repulsu (of a candidate). 

rejoice, I. v.intr. gaudere (= to be glad), lae- 
tari (= to be merry), gestire(the strongest expres- 
sion, when we manifest our joy in our looks, etc.), 
subridere (— to smile as a sign of joy) ; to — at 
anything, gaudere, laetari alqd re (the latter con- 
struction is used to denote that the joy con- 
tinues ; the simple accus. only with a neuter 
pron. with accus. and infin., and gaudere also 
with quod), delectari alqd re; very much, gaudere 
vehementerque laetari; very much at, magnam 
laetitiam voluptatemque capere (or jxrcipfre) ex 
alqd re, magnae laetitiae mihi est alqd, alqd re 
gaudio exultare (= to jump with joy); with 
anyone, und gaudere, gaudio alcjs gaudere; see 
Glad. II. v.tr. (exydlarare, hilarem facere (= to 
cheer up), laetificare (e.g. sol laetificat terrain), 
luetilid afficere, laetitia et voluptate affldre, lae- 
titiam alci ajferre or offerre (= to fill with joy). 
rejoicing, n. voluptas, delectatio, gavdium, 
laetitia. 

rejoin, v.intr. 1, see Return ; 2, see 
Answer. 

relapse, I. v.intr. recidire (in gen., of ill- 
ness, in graviorem morbum) ; to — into, recidire 
in alqd (e.g. into former slavery), relabi. II. n- 
use verb. 

relate, v.tr. 1, = to tell in detail, alqd 
(e)nurrare, dicere, (com)mctnnrare, referre, prodcre, 
tradcre(= to hand down) ; see Tell ; 2, = to per- 
tain to, spectare, attingcre ad, contingere alqm, or 



rel 



84 i 



rem 



t«y impersonate attinet, pertinet ad, med, tud 
refert, etc. ; see Narrate, related, arlj. 1, = 
connected by birth, marriage, etc., propinquus 
alci, necessarius, cognatus, agnatvs (only on tlic 
father's side), ajinis (by marriage), cnn san- 
guineus, consanguinitnte propinquus (= near by 
blood), nan alitnus sanguine (del; to be most 
nearly — , proximum esse ; 2, fig. edgnatits, pro- 
pinquus. relation, n. 1, = connexion, ratio, 
conjunctio; in — to, ad alqm or alqd, quod ad 
alipn or alqd attinct, prne alqo or alqd re ; 2, re- 
lative, person connected with you by birth, 
marriage, etc., propiwpiMS, genere proximus, ne- 
cessarius; comb, propinquus et necessarius, pro- 
pinquus et cognatus, propinquus ct affinis, cogtta- 
tits atquc affinis ; a near — , artd propinquitate 
or propinqud cognatione conjunct us ; 3, see Nar- 
ration, relationship, n. 1, ritctssitndo, pro- 
jrinquitas (in gen.), cognatio (by birth), agnatio 
(on the father's side), affinitas (by marriage), 
germanitas (of brothers and sisters, or cities 
springing from the same mother city), consan- 
guinitas (by blood) ; 2, fig. cognatio, conjunctio ; 
to have — with anything, alci rei finitimum 
esse, relative, I. adj. oppi to absolute, qnud 
non simpliciter et, ex sua hi consideratur ; quod 
in comparatione (rerum, etc.) position est, quod 
ad (di[d refertur or special. Adv. comparate, ex 
comparatione (rerum, etc.). II. n. 1, see Rela- 
tion ; 2, relativum (Gram.). 

relax, I. v. tr. l,(re)laxare, remitlere,concedcrc; 
2, in medicine, see Open. II. v.intr. = to remit. 
in close attention, (re)languesccre, seremittere, re- 
■mitti, animum remittere or relaxare, requiescere 
curamque animi remittere (after hard work), 
alqd rtmittere (e.g. industriam) ; to — for a little 
while, alqd intermittere ; in anything, desistere 
or (de) alqd re (e.g. incepto; in a contest, de con- 
lentione). relaxation, n. 1, solutio (princi- 
pally of the parts of the body) ; 2, see Mitiga- 
tion (of the law); 3, = remission of applica- 
tion, animi relaxatio, rcmissio (of the inind), 
oblectatio (= amusement), oblectamentum (= any- 
thing to amuse oneself with or to while a way the 
time), relaxing, adj. gravis. 

relay, n. equi reeentes or per viam dis- 
positi. 

release, I. v.tr. 1, anyone, dimittere alqm 
(= to let anyone go), libertatem alci dare, largiri 
(= to set anyone at liberty), mnnu mittere alqm 
(a slave), emancipare (= to emancipate, to free 
anyone from one's power, e.g. a son), mittere or 
missum facere alqm, missionem alci dare, txanc- 
torare (= to dismiss from the service, soldiers), 
vinculis exsolvere, c custodid emittere (from 
prison, a state prisoner); to — anyone from 
.anything, solvere alqm alqd re (e.g. from service, 
militia), liberure alqm alqd re (e.g. servilnte) ; 2, 
= to free from obligation, (ex)solvere, liberare 
alqd re; remittere, condouare alci alqd, gvatiam 
alcjs rei facere aid (from the payment of a sum 
of money, penalty, etc.; gratia m facere in Sail.). 
II. n. missio (= dismission), Uberatio, remissio 
(e.g. poenae), apoclw. (= receipt for money, Jet.). 

relent, v.intr. molliri or moveri pati, re- 
lentless, adj. immiserienrs, saevus, durus, cru- 
ill lis; see Cruel. Adv. saere, crudelitcr, re- 
lentlessness, n. saevitia, crudelitas. 

relevant, adj. quod ad rem est. 

reliance, n, see Rely. 

relics, n. reliquiae (= remains), relict, n. 
vidua ; see Widow. 

" relief, n. fig. (al)levatio, sublevutio (= the — 
given), levamen(tum), allevamentum. ( = the — 
which one gets), remedium(= remedy), auxilium 
(=help), subsidium (of soldiers), delenimcutum 
(= anything calculated to soothe, e.g. vitae), 



laxamentum (= relaxation), deminnlio (= dimi- 
nution of taxes, onerum), benejicium (= — in 
money) ; — of a sentinel, see Relieve, below ; 
in painting, eminent ia, asperitas; high — , alto 
relievo, imago ectypa (Sen., as image). re- 
lieve, v.tr. exonerare (=to exonerate, to ease), 
levare, allevare (lig. — to ease), sttblevare (lig. 
= both to mitigate and to support), laxare (fig. 
= to relax, to soften), or udessc alci, (dejuninvere 
(= to lessen, «.g. taxes, .orient), subveiiire (= to 
assist, e.g. necessitatibus) ; to — a sentinel, revo- 
care (= to recall, e.g. vigilias, milltes <i?j opere), 
dedncere (e.g. milites ab opcre); of the soldiers 
themselves, alqos excipere, cdqis succedcre: 

religion, n. religio (— reverence towards the 
holy, the sentiment of — and the consequent 
services), pittas erga Deum (in the sense of the 
ancients, erga deos = fear of the gods), its di- 
vinae (— divine things), raerimnnia, caerimoniue 
(= prescribed observances), sacra, -h//'m( = exter- 
nal rites), lex (= religious law or doctrine, as lex 
Christiana) ; a man without — , or irreligious, 
homo impius erga Deum or deos, homo neglegens 
deorurn, religionum omnium contemptor, religio- 
num ueglegens(= inattentive to outer usages) ; to 
change your — , sacra patria deserere. religious, 
adj. plus (= reverent) erga Deum, sanctus, religio- 
sits (= conscientious) ; — observances, ritus, re- 
Hgiones, caerimoniae. Adv. pie, sancte, religiose ; 
to lie — brought up, sanctissimo modo educari. 

relinquish, v.tr. relinquere; see Abandon. 

relish, I. n. 1, a — for (i.e. a disposition 
to taste), gustaliis, -us ; he has no — for, abest 
desiderivm alcjs rei; 2, something tasty, pro- 
mnlsis, -idis, f., condimentum. II. v.tr. see 
Enjoy. 

reluctance, n. I have a great — to any- 
thing, magnum ulcjs rei odium me cepit ; with — , 
coactus or invltus, animo invito or averse, re- 
luctant, adj. invitus, coactus. 

rely, v.intr. (con)fidere alci rei or alqd re (— to 
trust in), niti alqd re (—to depend on); — ing 
upon, fretus alqd re, nixus (nisus) alqd re, ferox 
alqd re (= boldly trusting, e.g. ed parte virium). 
reliance, n. fides, fiducia ; see Confidence. 

remain, v.intr. (per)mancre, durare(= to en- 
dure), stare (■= to stand or stay) ; to — in health 
anduninjured,sa7!>i(maty?<ci?!''o/)<menico)isfmn'(; 
to — faithful, fidum manere; to — in your opin- 
ion, in sententid tud (per)manere or perseverare 
(opp. bur sententid deccdere) ; to — unchanged in 
your custom, in consuetudine perseverare ; to — 
unchanged in your plan, institutnm swim tenere ; 
to — faithful to your promise, promissis stare ; to 
— a secret, taceri, taciturn teneri ; let that — with 
yourself, haec tn tecum hubeto, hoc tu tibi soli dic- 
tum puta. " It — s " (used as the tinal result of 
an argument), ma.net ; to — snug, nidum serrate 
(= to keep in your nest, Hor.); to — in the c.inip, 
castris se tenere; —to be left, reliquum esse; re- 
linqui, supe.resse (— to survive); ex multis jiliis 
hunc unum fortuna reliquum esse roluit, fate al- 
lowed only this one son to — out of many ; = to 
be left, to be over and above, restare, svperare, 
superesse. remainder, n. residuum, reli- 
quum, quod rested, ; to get the — by adding and 
subtracting, addendo dedueendoque vidire quae 
reliqui sumvia est. remaining, adj. reli- 
quits, residuns. remains, n. 1, of anything, 
reliquum, or pi. reliqua or reliquiae; of eat- 
ables, reliquiae ciborum, in the context merely 
reliquiae ; " the remainder of anything " is also 
rendered by quod snperest or restat or reli- 
quum est (e.g. quod membrorum reliquum est); 
2, = a dead body, cadaver, -eris, n. (= corpse), 
cineres, -ma (= ashes). 

remand, I. v.tr. 1, =to send back, re- 
mittere; 2, iu law, comperendinare reum (= to 



rem 



843 



rem 



defer the sentence until the third day and fur- 
ther), ampliare remit (= to adjourn a trial). II, 
n. comperendinatio (or -dtus, -us). 

remark, I. v.tr. 1, see Observe, Perceive ; 
2, = to express in words, etc., Ulcere; see 
Say. II. n. 1, see Observation ; 2, a — ex- 
pressed, dictum (= anything that is said, an 
opinion), often merely by a pron. in the neuter 
gender, e.g. that — of Plato's is excellent, prae- 
clarum illud Platonis est ; or by the adj. in the 
neuter gender, e.g. I must first make a few in- 
troductory — s, pauca ante dicenda sunt, re- 
markable, adj. nolab His, mints (= wonderful), 
notandus, memorabilis(= worth noticing), memo- 
ratu dignus, commemorabilis, commeviorandus 
(— worth mentioning), insignis (— very — , lit. 
distinguished, of persons and things) ; conspicuus 
(= striking), singvlaris (= especial), illustris (= 
illustrious), egregius, optimus (= excellent) ; 
nothing happened that was very — , nihil memo- 
rid dignum actum. Adv. mire, insigniter, singu- 
luriter, egregie, optime ; = very, valde, by superl. 
(e.g. — beautiful, pulcherriinus) ; see Very. 

remedy, n. 1, in medicine, medidna (lit. 
and fig.), medicamen(tuvi) (lit., e.g. dare contra 
alqd), remedium(= — against, for, lit. and fig.) ; 
to apply a — for a complaint, motbo medicinam 
adhibcre ; 2, in gen., for counteracting an evil, 
remedium, for, to, against anything, alcjs rei, ad 
or adiersus alqd (lit. and fig.), medidna, for, 
alcjs rei (lit. and fig.), auxiliuin, subsidium, 
against, alcjs rei (to effect a — in case of anyone 
being placed in a difficult position, in distress, 
etc. ; uuxilium also of persons being ili), \lenir 
men (= soothing — ). remedial, adj. quod ad 
remedium pertinet ; saluturis; — measures or 
legislation, perhaps leges salutares. remedi- 
less, adj. \ insanubilis. 

remember, v.tr. meminisse alcjs, alcjs rei, 
de alqd re, accus. and infin., rei. clause, or subj., 
alqd or de alqd re recordari, alqd (memorid) re- 
petere, alcjs or alcjs rei memorem, or haud im- 
memorem esse; I don't — it, memorid delap- 
sum est, e memorid alqd mihi exiit, excidit, ex 
animo alqd effluxit, (re)fugit alqd meam memo- 
riam; he won't — it (implying intention), nul- 
lum alcjs rei adhibet memoriam ; to — anyone, 
anything with a grateful heart, grato animo alcjs 
iwmen prosequi, gratissimum alcjs nomen tetinire, 
gratd memorid prosequi alqd ; to — anyone with a 
kind feeling, memoriam alcjs cum caritate et bene- 
volent id usurpare ; as far as I can — , ut meet 
'memoria est, quantum memini, nisi animus or 
memoria me J'allit. remembrance, n. me- 
moria, recordutio ; see Recollection, Memory. 

remind, v.tr. (ad)monere, ■ commonvre, com- 
monefaccre, alqm ulcjs rei or de alqd re; to — 
one to do anything, (ad)horta.ti, (adpnoncre ut. 
reminiscence, n. see Remembrance. 

remit, v.tr. = to send back, remittere ; to — 
money, etc., mitlere, emittire, cundonare alci 
alqd, gratiam alcjs rei fitcere alci ; to — an oath, 
jurisjurandi gratiam Jucere, solvere alqm Sacra- 
mento; to — a sum of money, pecuniam creditam 
condonare or remittere, creditum condonare, de- 
bitum remittere alci ; to — taxes, vectigalia omit- 
tire ; to — a part of a sum, remittere alci de sum- 
md ; to — a punishment, poenum remittere ; to 
— sins, peccata or delicto, alci ignoscere, peccataalci 
conccdere. remiss, adj. see Careless, Negli- 
gent, remission, n, remissio (of tribute, tri- 
bute) ; to seek — , remissionem petere; to seek — 
for the past, venium praeleritarum precari ; see 
Pardon, Sin. remittance, n. by pecunia. 

remnant, n. see Remainder. 

remodel, v.tr. see Alter, Renew. 

remonstrance, n. (ad)monitio, monitus, 



-Us. remonstrate, v.intr. alqm de alqd re 
(ad)monere, commonere^ or with ut or ne, etc. 
(= to warn), agere cum alqo de alqd re (in gen. = 
to treat, speak with anyone about). 

remorse, n, peccati dolor; to feel — , con- 
scieutid (peccutorum) morderi, conscientid animi 
(ex)cruciuri, cruciari conscientidscelerumsuorum ; 
see also Sorrow, remorseless, adj. im- 
misericors; see Pitiless. 

remote, adj. 1, remotus, umotus, semotus, 
disjunctus(= isolated), longiuquus (= a long way 
of*) ; 2, iig. ab alqd re remotus, dujunctits, 
alienus ; see Distant. Adv. remote, procul (=■ 
far), vix {_— hardly), remoteness, u. longin- 
quitas. 

remount, v.tr. and intr. equu.ni iterum con- 
scendere. 

remove, I. v.tr. amovere (= to carry, to movo 
away, further), aveliire (in a cart, ships, by 
horses, etc.), ubducere (living beings), also de- 
parture (then = to — an exile under military 
escort, esp. also of bringing anything from the 
provinces), asportare (= to carry away), de- 
movere, removere, submovere (on one side, per- 
sons and things),^ tollete, uuferre (=to take 
away, things ; tollere also = to erase, e.g. ma- 
culae), eluere(— to wash out, e.g. maculae), depel- 
lire (= to drive away, e.g. a complaint, pains, 
etc.) ; subportare (= to carry to a place), sublra- 
hire (e.g. baggage belonging to an army, im- 
pedimenta) ; to — the things (after a meal), 
tollere, uuferre (e.g. mensam) ; to — anyone, 
transducere (e.g. populum Albanum Romam), col- 
locure in alqo loco (= to assign another re- 
sidence, e.g. gentem Allobtogum in vestigiis 
hujtts urbis), rescribere ad with accus., tran- 
scriber in with accus. (= to place iuto another 
class, e.g. peditem ad equum rescribere, equitum 
turmas in funditorum alas transcriber) , alqm alii 
muneri praeficire or praeponire (to another office, 
situation, etc.) ; to — anything to a distance, 
amovere, removere, ubducere, deducire, ablegare 
(= to send anyone away, in order to get rid of 
him, under a pretence), amandare, relegare (any- 
one on account of some misdemeanour, the 
latter to a certain spot ; but both imply some- 
thing disgraceful), amoliri (anyone or anything, 
when it causes great difficulty), ai'ertere(of what 
is unpleasant to the senses), subducirc, sub- 
movere (by degrees), depeilete, repellere, propul- 
sure (by force), emovere (e.g. multitudinem eforo, 
esp. in Li v.). II. v.intr. 1, hi gen. se (a)movete; 
= to go away, ubire, disccdire ; = to go out of 
one's sight, ex oculis ore conspectu abire, e con- 
S2>cctu recedere; from a place, excedcre, evadere, 
se subducere (imperceptibly, also with the addi- 
tion of clam, e.g. de circulo) ; 2,= to change the 
place of residence, (e)migrare (ex) loco, devil- 
grare, commigrare, transmigrate, de or ex loco, to, 
in locum(— to emigrate to another place, i nullum 
locum or in alia loca), migrate, emigrare domo 
or edomo (from a house), secedere in locum (in a 
spirit of rebellion), ptoficisci. III. n. grudus, 
•us (= step), removal, n. 1, in gen. deportutio 
(in gen., and in particular tho — of nil exllo to 
the place of his destination, Jet.), depululo (= the 
removingapain, doloris),uviandutlo (= the send- 
ing anyone away, in order to get rid, etc.), re- 
legutio, or rarely ablegutio(— banishment), umotin 
(=a complete "removing, e.g. omnis doloris), re-, 
motio (the repelling, e.g. criminis) ; 2, to -=- to 
another place or house, migratio, demigralia 
(— emigration, Liv., Nep. ; of a whole order of 
the plebeians, Liv.), pro/ectio (= starting), 

remunerate, v.tr. referrc, reddSte alqd (in 
gen.), remunerari alqm'xu a good sense), for any, 
thing with, by, (covi)pensare alqd alqd re (= to 
weigh one against the other, e.g. lenejicia bene* 



ren 



844 



rep 



ficiis, tnerita beneficiis), rependere alqd alqd re (= 
to weigh back, fig. = to repay, e.g. damnum alqd, 
re), remuneration, n. rcmwnernfio, com- 
pensatio ; for a — , pretio (for money); without 
any — , sine pretio, gratis, gratitito ; see Reward. 

rend, v.tr. (dis)scindere (= to tear), (dis)rum- 
pere (lit. and fig.), (di)lacerare (= to lacerate, lit. 
ami fig.), dislrahere, direllcre (= to pull in pieces, 
lit. and lig.), diriperc{= to tear asunder), rend- 
ing, n, disscidiwn, diruptio, distract ia, laceratio. 
rent, n. — tear, use verb. 

render, v.tr. 1, reddere, re/em (= to return, 
e.g. graiias = thanks), praebere, dare, praestare, 
tribuere (=to give); to — service, operant alci 
■navarc ; to — an account, rationem redden or 
'referre ; 2, = to make, facere, efficire, reddere, or 
by special verbs, e.g. augere (=to — greater), 
minuere(= to — less); 3, see Translate, ren- 
der up, v.tr. see Surrender, rendering, 
n. 1, by verb ; 2, see Translation. 

rendezvous, n. constitutum (= an appoint- 
ment made), locus ad conveniendum (=tlie place 
appointed for the — ) ; to appoint a — with, 

tempvs loeumque constituere cum alqo. 

renegade, n. gui sacra patria deserit or 
deserttit, apostata (Ecel.) ; = a deserter, is qui 
deficit, desciscit ab alqo, trunsfuga, m. and f. 

renew, v.tr. (re)novare ; = to restore, to 
repair, reconeinnare, reficcre (more particularly 
by rebuilding) ; = to begin afresh, to repeat, re- 
novare, renovare et instaurare, instaurare (de inte- 
gro), integrate, redintegrare(=tohcgiT\ quite from 
the beginning), repetere {= to repeat), iterare(= to 
do a second time), refricare(— to excite again), re- 
ferre (= to bring back), reconciliare (paccm, gra- 
tiam, etc.); to — the war, bellum renovare, reilin- 
tegrure, ile integro instaurare, rebellare, rebel- 
lioneiii facere, bellum reparare, restitucre (two 
foregoing only of a conquered nation, without 
any odious meaning) ; to — the friendship, 
amicitiam renovare, with anyone, se restitucre in 
alejs amicitiam ; to — the remembrance of any- 
thing in one's mind, memorid alqd repetere. 
renewable, adj. qui(tiiiae,(piod)renovaripotest. 
renewal, n. renovatio, instauratio, redinte- 
gratio ; of a war, rebellio. 

renounce, v.tr. renuntiare alqd or (post 
class.) alci rei, se alqd re abdicare (e.g. magis- 
trate), alqm or alqd ejurare, re(j)icere, repudi- 
are (= to reject), remittere. alqd (that is, to let it 
go), decedere or desistcrc alqd re or de alqd re (= 
to stand away from) ; to — an opinion, sententid 
or de sententid decedere ; to — your right, de jure 
suo cede re or decedere, jus demittere or remittere ; 
to — honour and glory, honorem ct gloriam ab- 
(j)idre. renunciation, n. cwsto (= the yield- 
ing of a thing to another), repudiatio, rejectio. 

renovate, v.tr. see Renew, renovation, 

n. see Renewal. 

renown, n. fama (chiefly in a good sense), 
gloria, lans, nomen, claritas, claritudo. re- 
nowned, adj. riarus, illttslris ; see Cele- 
brated, Famed, Famous. 

rent, I. n. 1, = profits derived annually 
from lands, etc., quaestus, -us (= what we can 
gain by anything), reditus, -us, fnictus, -us (= 
profit), vectigal (= tax, then of private rent), 
merces, -hlis, f. (= the — which the property 
brings in) ; 2, — of a house, merces liabitalUmis, 
habitatio ; what — does he pay? quanti habitat ? 
to pay much — , magni habitare. II. v.tr. 1, to 
let out, loenre ; 2, = to hire, conducere. redimere ; 
cheaply, parro conducere, bene redimere; clear, 
inagno conducere, male redimere. rental, n. see 
Rent, I. 

reobtain, v.tr. recij^ere, rcciperare. 



reopen, I. v.tr. iterum reclndere (in gen.). 
II. v.intr. o* vounds, recrtidescere (also fig.). 

repair, i '. V.tr. reficcre, reparare, (re)sarcire, 
restitucre, resftrurare, reconeinnare. II. n. to 
keep in good — , alqd sartum tectum tueri. re- 
pairs, pi. use verb Repair. 

repair, v.intr. se alqo conferre or recipere , 

see also Go. 

reparation, n. see Indemnification, Satis- 

PACTION. 

repartee, n, perhaps alqil acute responsvm, 
oi quod alqd salsi or salts habet ; see Wit. 

repast, n. see Meal. 

repay, v.tr. reddere, referre, reponere, solvere ; 
to — anyone what is due, alci satisfacere, alci 
debitum or pecuniam debitam solvere; rig. pensare 
or compensare alqd alqd re, rependire alqd alqd 
re (e.g. damnum alqd re); with the same coin, 
par pari referre ; see Pay. repayment, n. 
solutio (pecuniae alci crcditae), or by verb. 

repeal, I. v.tr. rescindere (e.g. a decree, a 
will), tollcre (= to do away with), abolere (=to 
abolish)/; brogare(= a law, a decree, also a power), 
derogare legi or alqd de lege (partly), obrogare legi 
( = to substitute one law partially for another). 
II. n. abrogatio, derogatio, obrogatio. 

repeat, v.tr. 1, repetere (in the widest sense), 
iterarc (= to do, to say a second time, e.g. saepe 
eadem), red i ntcgrare (=todo, bring forward, say 
quite afresh), retractare ( = to go through again 
what has been learnt, read), decantare (gen. in bad 
sense, = to keep repeating) ; 2, = to recite, of les- 
sons, etc., perhaps alqdmemoriapronvntiare; to 
— with the same words, alqd iisdem verbis reddere. 
repeated, adj. repetitvs, iteratiis. Adv. iterum 
atque iterum, saepennmero, etiam atque etiam, 
identidem. repeater, n. a watch, horolo- 
givm sonis tempus indicans. repetition, n. 

1, rejietitio, iteratio, red integ ratio (all three e.g. 
verbi) ; — of the same word at the end ol a 
sentence (in rhetoric), conversin, regressio (of 
the same words in different clauses, Quint.); 

2, of a lesson, see Repeat, 2. 

repel, v.tr. repellere, propulsare ( = to drive 
away by force), rc(j)icere (= to throw back), deter- 
rcre(= todeter, e.g. rerberibus), fngarc (= to put 
to flight) ; to — an accusation, culpam a se amo- 
vcre, crimen dissolvcre or diluere, suspiciovem. a se 
propulsare. 

repent, I. v.intr. mores svos mutare, in viam 
redire, ad virtutem redire or revocari, ad bonam 
frugem se recipere. II. v.tr. I — , pacnitet me 
alcjs rei, or with infin., or with quod and subj., 
subpaenitet me alcjs facti (a little). repent- 
ance, n. paenitentia (in gen.), repentant, 
adj. paenilens. 

repertory, n. thesaurus. 

repetition, n. see Repeat. 

repine, v.intr. to — at, (con)queri alqd or de 
cdqd re. repining, n. maeror ( = sorrow), que- 
rela. (= complaint), 

replace, v.tr. 1, = to put back, rrpoiirre ; 2, 
to put in place of, alqm did, alqd alci rei sulstitu- 
ire, rtlrpn in alcjs locum sufficcre (= to elect in 
place of another magistrate). 

replant, v.tr. reserere. 

replenish, v.tr. implerc (in gen. what is 
empty, hollow), erplere(sn that no space remains 
empty), complSre (= to fill quite full), replere ( — to 
lill to the brim), opplere( — to cover a surface by 
filling up ; also to till to the top, so that it will 
not hold any more). 

replete, adj. see Full, repletion, n. 
satietas. 



rep 



845 



rep 



. reply, I, v.iutr. respondere (to a thing, ulci 
rei); to — to a charge, criminibus respondere, se 
defendere, or purgare; to — by letter, re- 
scribcre ; but I — , simply ego autem or ego vero. 

II. n. responsio, rcsponsum (in gen.), excusatU), 
defensio, purgalio (to a charge), oraculum, sors 
(uf an oracle). 

report, I. v.tr. nuntiare ( = to announce), 
renuntiarc ( =» to send back information, both 
alci alqd), certiorem alqm faccre de alqd re (= to 
inform), affcrre, defcrre, referre ad v.lqm de alqd 
re ( = to give information, etc., more particu- 
larly to an authority), per lit(t)eras significare 
(= to inform in writing), (e)narrare (in gen. = to 
relate), memoriae tradire or prodere ; J'crre, per- 
Aibere( = to say); renuntiare aki(\n consequence 
of an order to that effect, or in reply to informa- 
tion received); it is — ed, dicitur, dicuntur, 
etc., with personal subj., or simply prodere 
(of the historian) ; to — the whole proceedings, 
omncm rem ordine enarrare, ordine edocere omnia 
(orally), omnia perscribere (in writing). II. 
n. 1, relatio (= formal — to the senate ; in 
gen. sense post Aug.), iiarratio (= narration), rei 
gestae expositio, renuntiatio (of an ambassador), 
lit(t)erae (in the form of a letter) ; 2, — rumour, 
fama, rumor, auditio ; I know it by — , audita 
Mud accepi ; 3, = noise, fragor, crepitus, -us; 
see Noise, reporter, n. qui de/ert ad alqm 
(= who makes a report to anyone), auctor 
rerum (= voucher, authority), notarius (— short- 
hand writer, Plin. Min.). 

repose, I. v.tr. reponere. H.v.intr. quiescere. 

III. a. quies, -His, f. ; see Rest, repository, 

n. receptaculum ; see Receptacle. 

reprehend, v.tr. reprehendere ; see Rebuke. 
reprehensible, adj. culpa digitus, reprehen- 
dus, vituperabilis, vituperandus. reprehen- 
sion, n. reprehensio, vituperatio, culpa. 

represent, v.tr. 1, repraesentare (— to place 
clearly before one's eyes, Plin.), exprimere, (ej)fin- 
gere(=to express, picture, of the plastic art), pin- 
gere, depingere (— to paint, of the painter), actum- 
brare (— to sketch), imitari, t simulare (— to imi- 
tate), indicare,signijicare(— toindicate); 2, = to 
describe in words, (de)pingcre (= to paint, of the 
painter ; then also of the orator, etc. , = to picture, 
illustrate), (e/)yi)w/(;re(ofthe sculptor, also of the 
orator, writer), eloqui(= to utter, of the speaker, 
e.g. cogitata), dicendo effingere, alcjs rei imaginent 
exponere, adumbrare alqd or speciem et formam 
ahjs rei ( = to shade, sketch, of the painter and 
speaker), describing todescribe in its character- 
istic features) ; to — anyone in a bad, wrong 
light, de/ormare alqm (Cic.) ; to — auything in a 
clear, lively manner, alqd paene sub aspectum 
sub(j)iclre, alqd sub oculos sub(j)idre ; =to show 
by reasoning, alqm de alqd re monere or with ut 
or ne (= to warn), alqm alqd doccre (= to inform), 
ostendere alci alqd, or with accus. and infm. (— to 
show in words), memorare with accus. and intin. 
(=: to mention); to — the advantage of, alqm 
doccre quanta sit alcjs rei ulilitas ; 3, — to show 
by action, agere ; to — a person, alcjs partes agere, 
alcjs personam induere or suscip're or genre (all 
both on the stage and in daily life); to — a per- 
son of rank, nobilem virum agere; to — a drama, 
fabulam dare; 4, =to supply the place of 
another, to — one's country, gercre personam 
civitatis atque ejus decus et dignitatem sustinere. 
representation, n. 1, = the act of describ- 
ing, by the verb; 2, = that which exhibits by 
resemblance, image ; see Image, Likeness, 
Picture ; 3, = an exhibition of the form of a 
thing, repraesentatio (t.t. of the elder Pliny); 4, 
of a play, actio (— the act), fabula (= the play) ; 
6, = exhibition of a character in a play, by 
agere; see Part; 6, = verbal description, expli- 



cate, descriplio (in gen. in words, descriptio 
most particularly = a characteristic — ), adum- 
bratio(— sketch), narrutiv (of the state of things, 
how a matter stands, in a speech), o ratio, sermo 
(= diction) ; 7, in politics, by the verb ; 8, = the 
standing in the place of another, by ciiiumloc. 
(e.g. by aliend vice fungi, or by seiiatora a 
civibus delccti). representative, I. adj. by 
vice alcjs or officio; — government, civitas ]*er 
guosdam a civibus delectos cives adntinistrata. 
II. n. vicarius (= substitute, deputy), procura- 
tor; a parliamentary — ,seitator suffragiU civivm 
delectus. 

repress, v.tr. opprimere, comprim&re (e.g. 

tumult um). , 

reprieve, I. v.tr. 1, = to respite after 
sentence of death, perhaps by vitam alci proro- 
gare ; 2, tig. = to relieve for a time from suffer- 
ing, by differre, proferre (= to postpone), prolatare 
(= to delay), prorogare(= to delay, put oil'). II. n. 
by temporis intervallum, spatium (— space of time, 
period in geu.), prolatio (— the act of — ), mora 
(= delay). 

reprimand, I. v.tr. alqm reprehendere de 
or in alqd re, alqm vituperate de alqd re, alqm 
objurgare. II. n. reprehensio, vituperatio, objur- 
gatio ( — blame), convicium ( = scolding) ; see 
Blame. 

reprint, I. v.tr. a book, librum denuo lypis 
exscribendum curare. II. n. see Edition. 

reprisal, n. 1, see Retaliation ; 2, — s, 
vis vi repulsa ; to make — s, vim vi repellire, par 
pari referre. 

reproach, I. n. as act, maledictio (rare), 
exprobatio, animadversiu ; the actual — , oppro- 
brium (not in Cic. or Caes.) ; probrum, maledic- 
tiuit, convicium, vox contumeliosa, verbum contu- 
meliosum, contumelia. II. v. tr. convicium faccre, 
alqm increpitare or incusare, in alqm invehi, alci 
malediclre, alqd alci ob{j)icire, objectare ; see 
Reprove, Blame, Revile, reproachful, 
adj. contumeliasus {— abusive), or by verb. Adv. 
co nt u meliose, or by verb. 

reprobate, I.adj.pcrrfi(ws(= lost to virtue or 
grace), profligatus (= morally ruined), comb, pro- 
Jligatus et}>erditus, damiuitus (lit. — condemned ; 
hence meton. = criminal, e.g. quis te miserior > 
quis te damnatior ?), sceleratus, scelerosus ( — bur- 
dened witli crime). II. n. homo jierditus, etc. 
reprobation, n. 1, see Condemnation ; 2, 
Eccl. damnatio, reprobalio. 

reproduce, v.tr. denuo generare or ferre ; 
to — a piece, fabulam ilerum referre (Ter.). re- 
production, n., reproductive, adj. by 
verb. 

reproof, n. as act. or actual — , vituperatio, 
culpa, castigalio, reprehensio, ubjurgatio, contu- 
melia, animadversio, exprobatio; to lie aground 
of — , opprobrio or crimini esse alci ; to be 
open to the — of treachery, in (gumma) per- 
tiiliae infamid esse; see Blamb. reprove, v.tr. 
alqm vituperare, rcprehendire, exprobrare old 
alqd or (fe alqd re, objurgare alqm de alqd re, 
alqm increpare, increpitare,iiu:usare : to — severe- 
ly, alqm graviter accusare; to make a thing a 
ground to — , crimini ('are alci alqd, vitio dare 
or vertere alci alqd. reprover, u..«preAeiMor, 
riluperator, objurgatar, castigutor. 

reptile, n. animal rtptant, or, where pos- 
sible, by serjiens (= serpent). 

republic, n. civitas libera et sui juris, res- 
publico libera, in the context also merely respub* 
lira (= a free constitution and a state which has 
such), republican, I. adj. generally by the 
genit. reipublicae liberae or simply reipubUcae 
(e.g. a — government, reipublicae (liberae) forma); 



rep 



m 



res 



to give a country a — constitution, reipublicae 
formam civitati dare, a regis dominatione in liber- 
tatein populi rindicart rempublicam (if tlie State 
was a monarchy before). II. n. reipublicac liberae 
civis (— citizen of a republic), reipublicae liberae 
studiosus, communis libertatis propugnator (— 
one who is or speaks in favour of a — govern- 
ment). . 

republish, v.tr. Hbmm denuo edcre. re- 
publication, n. 1, as act, uso verb; 2, the 
book itself, liber (denuo edition). 

repudiate, v.tr. see Reject, repudia- 
tion, n. repttdiatio (in gen., but rare) ; of a son, 
abdicotio fiiii (= disowning and disinheriting) ; 
divortium, repudium (of a wife) ; see Rejection. 

repugnant, adj. pugnans, repnignans (of 
things), diversus {= quite contrary), aversus, alie- 
nus ab atqdre, alci rei contrarivs, culiosus (= hate- 
ful) ; see Contrary, repugnance, n. rcpug- 
nantia rerum (= incompatibility), odium ( = 
hatred) ; to feel — , abhorrere ab alqd re, alqd 
fastidire, spernere, aspernari. 

repulse, I. v.tr. repellire ( = to drive back), 
from, etc., ab, etc., propulsare (away), re(J)iccre 
(= to throw back). II. n. 1, by the verbs ; of a 
candidate, repulsa; 2, see Refusal, repul- 
sive, adj. odiosus ( = hateful), putidus ( = 
affected), intolerabiiis ( = unbearable) ; see 
Disgusting. 

repurchase, v.tr. redimire. 

reputable, adj. see Respectable. 

reputation, n. bonafavia, generally merely 
Jama, bona exUtimatio, in the context simply exis- 
timatio, gloria (= glory), laus (= praise), nomen 
(= name), honor (= esteem) ; bad — , malafama, 
infamia. repute, n. see Reputation ; to be in 
good — , bene audire ; to be in bad — , mala au- 
dire, in in/amid esse, infamem esse, in invidid 
esse, invidiam habere, reputed, adj. qui (quae, 
quod) diritur, fertur. 

request, I. n. preces, -um,(= the act and the 
thing itself ), rogatus, -iis(only in ablat. sing.), ro- 
gatio(ns act), supplicium(=z humble — , praise -> 
.God), postnlatio( = urgent — , demand) ; at your 
— , te pctente, te auctore; at my — , rogatu meo, a me 
rogatus ; what is your — ? quid petis ? II. v.tr. 
precari (absolute), anything of anyone, alqd ab 
alqo, alqmut, etc., orare, rogare, anything of any- 
one, alqvi alqd ( = to apply for), alqd. petere, p^s- 
cerc (of a formal application, = to demand), con- 
tendere ut (urgently, = to insist), flagitarc, efflc- 
gitare (violently, alqd ab alqo), prccibus exposcere 
(=to violently demand, anything, alqd, e.g. 
pacem), deprecari (= to — on behalf of, any- 
thing, alqd), implorare( = to implore anyone, 
alqm; anything, alqd), supplicare; anyone on be- 
half of, alci pro alqd re, petere, postulare supplici- 
ter ; anything of anyone, alqd ab alqo, orare alqm 
siniplicibus verbis, orare or rogare alqm supplieiter 
(all = humbly, on one's knees) ; stronger by comb. 
rogare atque orare, petere et contendere, orare 
obtestarique, orare atque obsecrare, implorare 
atque obtestan, obsecrare atque obtestari, obtestari 
atque obsecrare, precari atque orare, petere ac 
deprecari ; = to invite, invitare, vocare. 

requiem, n. missa defnnctorum( = mass for 
the dead, Eccl.). 

require, v.tr. poscere, postulare, requircre, 
dcsiderare( = todemand, to consider necessary), 
(=to need, ease with genit. of a noun along 
with an adj., e.g. mnlti laboris est), egere alrj6 
ferre (= to bring about necessity), imperare, 
from anyone, alci (= to command), exigere (= to 
exact, e.g. vehicula); to be — d, opus esse; if 
circumstances — , si res or tempus postulat, cum 
res postulabit, si res cogit; as time may — , si 
tempus postulaverit, pro rerum statu or cordirione. 



requirement, n. postulatw, postulatum, or 
by verbs, requisite, I. adj. necessarius ; to be 
— , necessariiim esse, opus csse(= to be necessary), 
reqiiiri, desiderari (of what would be missed). 
II. n. necessilas(=: necessity), u?us,-us(= use), res 
necessaria ; a principal — for anything, res mo ri- 
ma necessaria ad alqd; the first — is that, etc., 
primum est, ut, etc. requisition, n. pciitio, 
rogutio, imperatum, quod imperatur. 

requite, v.tr. redden, referre (= to give 
back), alqd o.lq'i re compensare or rependcre ; to 
— like for like, par pari referre. requital, n. 
use verb. 

rescind, v.tr. rescindere, abrogare, tollcre, 
abolere, legi alqd derogare (= to partly — ), obro- 
gare (= to — by substitution of another law) ; 
see Repeal, Abolish. 

rescript, n. responsio, responstim ( = answer 
in gen. ; the former, the act ; the latter, the con- 
tents of the answer), senteutia (= a lawyer's deci- 
sion), decretum(= decree), res judicata (= decision 
arrived at in reference to a matter), rescriptum 
(of the emperor, prince, etc.), codicilli (— Minis- 
terial decree, order of the Cabinet, Imperial 
Rome). 

rescue, I. v.tr. liberare alqd re or ab alqd re, 
exsolvire alqd re, servare ex alqd re (e.g. periatlo 
or ex periculo), alqm alci rei or ab, ex, de alqd re 
eripere; to — one's country from slavery, patriam 
in libertatem vindicare. II. n. liberatio, or by 
circumloe. with (courseware. 

research, n. eruditio(= learning), investiga- 
te or cognitio (return, = inquiry) ; a man of 
much — , vir eruditissimv.s. 

resemblance, n. similitudo, convenientia, 
congruentia, analogia (in reference to words and 
ideas, in Cic, written in Greek avaKoyia, or 
rendered by proportio), congruentia morion (iu 
manners); --with, etc.. similitudo with genit. 
(e.g. morborum, animi). resemble, v.tr. 
siviilem esse with genit. or dafc, ad similitu- 
dinem alcjs rei accedere (instead of which we 
also find prope, propius, — nearer; proxime, 
= nearest), accedere ad alqd (of interior and ex- 
terior likeness), facie alcjs similem esse, os vul- 
tumque alcjs referre (as regards the countenance 
and the looks), mores alcjs referre (in character). 

resent, v.tr. acgre or moleste ferre, in malum 
/xirtem accipere. resentful, adj. iraatndns, 
irntits ( = angry). Adv. iracunde. resent- 
ment, n. ira, iracundia, stomaehus. 

reservation, n. conditio, exceptio; with 
this — , that, etc., 7iac lege or hac condicione or 
cum hac exceptione ut, his exceptis. reserve, 
I. v.tr. re&inere (= to keep back), alqd txcipere 
(=to except), alqd reservare, alqd reponere (= 
to store up). II. n. 1, in gen., copia ; 2, = 
troops, subsidia, -orum, comae subsidiariae, co- 
hortes subsidiariae, (milites) subsidiarii (in gen.) ; 
to keep in — , lit. in subsidio poncre or coliccare, 
fig. alqd recondite; 3, see Reservation; 4, 
in manners, rereeuudvi (= bashfulness), modestia. 
(= modesty), taciturnitvs {— silence), cautio( = 
caution) ; without — , aperte, simpliciter ( = 
straightforwardly, openly), sincere, libere, inge- 
nue (= freely), reserved, adj. taciturnus ( = 
taciturn), occvlivs, tectus (— secret), comb, uccul- 
tus ct tectus, inodestus (= modest), verecundus (= 
bashful), cantos {— cautious), towards anyone, 
tectus ad alqm. reservoir, n. lacus, -us ( = 
a large receptacle for water, lake), castellum 
(= — of an aqueduct), cisterna (= a hollow place 
under ground for holding rain-water, Plin.), pis- 
cina (= pond), aquae recrptaculum (Vit:\). 

reside, v.intr. 1, habitare (locum, £?i Ixo, 
apud n'lqm-, etc.), sedem or sedem ac domicilium 
habere alqo loco ; see Live ; 2, fig. esse or versari 



res' 



847 



tea 



tn alqd re, alci inesse rei. residence, n, 1, 

habitatio (= the residing) ; if for a time, mansio, 
commoratio ; 2, domus, -fig, f. (irreg.), domici- 
limn, aedes, -ium, f. (= house), resident, n. 

1, by verbs ; 2, = a minister at a foreign court, 
perhaps procurator rerum or legatus. 

residue, n. pecunia residua, quod residuum 
or reliquum est. residuary, adj. — legatee, 
licres, -edis, m. and f. 

resign, v.tr. 1, an office, deponere (pro- 
vinciam, dictaturam, etc.), of an olticer of 
state, abdicare se magistratu, (a consul) consu- 
lata, (a dictator) dictaturd, etc. ; also abdi- 
care magistratum (consulatum), abire magistratu 
(Consulatu, etc.), decedere (provincia or ex or da 
provincid, — to retire after the expiration of the 
term of office) ; 2, = to give up, (con)cedere, de- 
ponire, omittere ; to — oneself to, to be — ed, alqd 
aequo animo ferre or pati, se ad ab[d submittere. 
resignation, n. 1, abdicaiio, ejuratio (dicta- 
turae, etc.); 2, morally, animus submissus or 
demissus (in opp. to animus elatus). 

resin, n. resina (Plin.). resinous, adj. 
resinaceus, resinosus (Plin.). 

resist, v.tr. alci resistere, obstare, repugnare, 
obsistere, adversari, obniti; to — the enemy, 
hostibus resistere, hosti se opponere; to — bravely, 
fortiter repugnare or resistere; anyone's request, 
preces alcjs respuere or re(j)ioere or repudiare. re- 
sistance, n. pugna, certamen(= contest, fight), 
defensio (= defence) ; to render — , resistere (a 
person or thing, with arms or in words), re- 
pugnare (see above), se defendere (in battle) ; to 
prepare for — , ad resistendum se parare. re- 
sistless, adj. and adv. cui nulla modo resisti 
potest. 

resolute, adj. fortis (— brave), Jinnus, con- 
stuns, stobilis, obstinatus, obfirmatus, promplus(= 
ready), gravis(= serious). Adv. fortiter, praesenti 
animo, firme,jirmiter, conslunter, obstinate, graoi- 
ter. resoluteness, n. animipraeseutia; see Re- 
solution, 2. resolution, n. 1, = dissolution, 
(dis)solutio, dissipatio (of a whole into parts), ev- 
plicutio (= explanation) ; 2, = determination, as 
quality, constautia, stabilitas, Jirmitas, firm.itv.do, 
gracitas, obstiuatio ; 3, — purpose, sentcntia, 
consilium, proposition; 4, ■ — of a deliberative 
body, sententia, decretum, scitltm (of a popular 
assembly, esp. scitu-m plebis or plebiscitum). re- 
solve, v.intr. decernere (of magistrates, then in 
gen.), consilium capcre ; slatuere, conslituere ; 
destlnare, animo proponere (in one's own mind) ; 
censire, placet alci (of the senate) ; sciscere, ju- 
berc, comb, sciscere jubereque (= to make a law, 
decree, of the people). 

resonant, adj. resouuns. 

resort, I. v.intr. locum celebrarc, frequeutare, 
ad locum ceutitare, se conferre, commeare ; = to 
use, uti ; to — to extremes, ad ext rema decurrere. 
II. ii. 1, conveniendi locus, locus ubi conveniunt; 

2, = recourse, use verb. 

resound, v.intr. resouare, vocem reddere or 
remittere. 

resource, n. auxilium, subsidium, praesi- 
dium, adjumentum. resources, n. = means 
for an object, facultates, opes, pi., pecunia 
(= money), bona, -orum (— goods), res/amiliaris 
(=: private property), /or£i<«ae(= prosperous con- 
dition), patrimonium (— inheritance), census, -fij 
(= property legally valued). 

respect, I. v.tr. 1, alqm suspicere, vereri (= 
to fear), revereri (ante and post class.); colere,ob- 
servare, magui aestimare; 2, — to pay attention 
to, alcjs rationem habere, alci morern, gerere ; 3, 
= to relate; see Relate, 2. II. n. obseriatuia 
(— esteem), reverentia (= reverence), honor ( = 
esteem) ; to have, feel — for, alqm vereri; in every • 



— , omnio, ab omni parte, ovmi ex parte, in omnt 
genere, omnibus rebus ; in — to, de alqd re; see 
If board, 1 1, respectable, adj. hnnestus, spec- 
tatus (= tried), bene moratus (= moral), vir bonae 
exist imationis. Adv. honeste, bene, respect- 
ability, n. dignitas, honcskis. respectful, 
adj. observans, venerabumlans. Adv. rererenter 
(Plin.). respecting, adj. de with abl. ; see 
About, respective, adj. and adv. proprius, 
situs, etc. (e.g. our— brothers, nostrifratres), or 
by quisque (e.g. eacli has his — duties, sua cuique 
sunt ojjicia) ; by alter . . . alter, hie . . . Me. 

respire, v.intr. respirare; sec Breathe. 
respiration, n. respiratlo, respiratus, -us, 
spiritus, -ils. respiratory, adj. qui (quae, 
quod) ad respiratum pertinet; — organs, pul- 
■mones, pi. ( = lungs). 

respite, n. and v.tr. see Reprieve. 

resplendent, adj. splendidus; see Bright. 

respond, v.intr., response, n. see An- 
swer, respondent, n. reus (in a criminal 
trial), is unde petitur (iu a civil) ; see Defendant. 
responsible, adj. by alci ratio reddenda est; 
to be — , alqd praestare (= to guarantee for) ; to 
make oneself — for anyone, alqd in se recipere. 
responsibility, n. by the adj. respon- 
sive, adj. apertus ( = open), by ciicumloe. (e.g. 
qui amorem pro amore reddit, — to affection ; 
not — , taciturnus) ; see also Frank. 

rest, I. n. 1, = quiet, tranquillitas, (n)quUs, 

■etis, t, olium, \ pax; 2, see Prop. II. v.intr. 
1, (con)quiescere (in gen.); = to sleep, (con)- 
quiescere, requiescere, quieti se dare or tradire, 
acquiescere, cessare (= to bo unemployed); 2, 
to — uppn, alqd re (in)nili, svffulciri ; fig. in 
alqa re niti, in alqo or alqd re positum, or 
situmesse; see Depend. III. v.tr. see. Prop, 
Support, resting-place, n. tranquility ad 
quietem locus (from the troubles of life), decer- 
sorium (= inn, also fig.), sepulcrum (sx grave)! 
restive, adj. contumox. restless, adj. in- 
quietus, commotus, sollicitus (= anxious), fur- 
bidus, turbulentus, tumultuosus (of the sea, etc.). 
Adv. use adj. restlessness, n. inquies, 
■ctis (Plin.), commotio (e.g. animi, = — of mind); 
sollicitudo. 

rest, n. = remainder, quod rcstat, reliquum, 
residuum, restitution, n. use verb, re- 
storation, n. rcj'eclio, reconciliatio (e.g. gra- 
tiue), or by verb, restorative, adj. and n. 
medicina. restore, v.tr. rcstiluerc, reficcre 
(in gen.), reducere (= to bring back, e.g. regem), 
reddere (= to give back) ; to — to health, sanvre, 
sanum fucere, sanitatem alci restitucn- ; see Re- 
new, restorer, n. rcstitutor, reconciliator (e.g. 
gratiae). 

restrain, v.tr. reprehemlere (= to seize be- 
hind), retrdktn (= to pull back, tig. to detain any- 
one against his will), tencre(\\i. = to hold in one's 
hand), retinere(= to keep back a person or tiling, 
e.g. wares tempestatibus rctinentur), coittinere (— 
to" hold fast on all sides), retardare (=to retard 
the progress of a person or thing, lit. and fig.), 
areera alqm or alqd (= to refuse access to a person 
or thing), cohibcre(= to hinder the free motion of 
a person or thing, hence fig. to check, e.g. iram), 
comprimcre (lit. = to press together, hence tig. 
violently to suppress, put a stop to, actions, 
intentions, passion), reprimere, supprimere(= to 
repress, hence=violentlytocheck, e.g. flctum), re- 
frenare(= to bridle), circum$aibere(= to restrict), 
(aYj/in£n:(=toset bounds to); to— anyone from, 
by cohibere cdqd ab alqd re, defendere alqd or alqm 
ab alqd re, arcere alqm (ab) alqd re (e.g. hostes 
Gallia, homines ab injurid poena arut), alqm re- 
xocare ab ahjd re (e.g. a scelere); to — oneself, se 
ten ire. se coi>tinere(-=z to check oneself), stcoMbire, 
(e.g. in affliction), restraint, n. moderutU), 



res 



&48 



rev 



tempcratio, modestia, continentia (opp. luxnrin), 
impeditnentum, mora (= hindrance), modus (= 
measure). 

restrict, v.tr. coercere, reprimere, circum- 
scribere, (de)tinire, rcstringere ; see Restrain. 
restriction, n. see Restraint, Limit, re- 
strictive, ii. qui (quae, quod) coercit. 

result, I. v.intr. orr>i(in gen.), fieri, evenire, 
evadire (= to turn out), eonseqai (alqd or ut), pro- 
ficisei, nasei, gigni, ex(s)istere, ex alqd re, II. 

ii. exilus, -vs, eventus, -vs, eft'ectus, -us, conse- 
quent ia ; to lead to a — , exitum habere; general 
— , summa. 

resume, v.tr. see Recommence, resump- 
tion, n. use verb. 

resurrection, n. *a vwrtc ad vitam rem- 
catio, resurrectio (Eccl.). 

resuscitate, v.tr. i resuseitare, alqm ab in- 
feris excitarc ; see Revive. 

retail, v.tr. divendere, distrahere. retail- 
dealer, u. projwla. 

retain, v.tr. tenere, retincre, bbtinere, (con)- 
servare. retainer, n. 1, cliens (— client), 
7oi.i(s e suis (— one of a bodyguard) ; 2, — fee, 
arr(h)a(bo). 

retake, v.tr. rectperare, recipere; to — from, 
abpl alci auferre. 

retaliate, v.tr. par pari referre. retalia- 
tion, ii. iwe verb. 

retard, v.tr. (re)morari, (re)tardare (all of a 
person or thing, and of the person or thing that 
is the cause), detincre (a person or thing, e.g. naves 
tempestatibns detineba.ntur), producere, differre, 
proferre (= to protract) ; to — from one day to 
the other, alqd procrastinare. 

retire, v.intr. recede re (persons and things), 
conccdere, abcedere, excedere, secedere (all with 
a, etc.), decedere de or ex (provincial, etc, of a 
magistrate), se sublrahere (imperceptibly), rece- 
dere In otium, se removere a negotiis publicis, se 
subtrahere a curid et ab omni parte rcipnblime 
(from public business) ; to — to a place, ahfi rc- 
cedere, secedere, se referre (= to go back), se abdere 
in alqm locum (=;to conceal oneself from any- 
thing), recedere ab, etc. (in gen.), & recipere ab, 
etc., se removere ab, etc., se retrahere ab alqd re 
(e.g. from a banquet, a convivio). retired, adj. 
secretvs, remotus, reductus, solitarius; a — life, 
vita umbralilis. retirement, n. solitvdo, vita 
a rebus publicis remota, vita otiosa, uvibratilis, 
privata ac quieta. retiring, adj. see Modest. 

retort, I. V. regercre alqd alci. II. n. quod 
alqs alci regerit ; see Reply. 

retrace, v.tr. = to seek again, alqd ab alqd 
re repetere; to — one's footsteps, pedem referre; 
6eo Return. 

retreat, I. n. 1, reditus, -Ut (= return), re- 

ceptus, -vs (of soldiers, etc.), fugo (= flight) ; 2, 
= place of refuge; see Refuge. II. v.intr. se 
recipere (of soldiers and others), pedem or gradient 
referre (in fighting), castra referre (e.g. in tnti- 
era /oca, of the general), exercitum or capias 
reducire alqo (e.g. in aistra, ad mare). 

retrench, v.tr. sumptus minuere, circum- 
cltlire, contrah&re. retrenchment, n. use 

verb. 

retribution, n. poena (= punishment). 
retributive, adj. pro poend (= in place of 
punishment). 

retrieve, v.tr. see Recover, retriever, 
n. canis. 

retrograde, I. v.intr. 1, = to retire, se reci- 
pere, pedem referre ; 2, = to grow worse, ill pejus 
mutari, deter iorem fieri, IX. adj. pejor, deter ior (^ 



worse) ; a — movement, use ret ro(= backwards). 
retrogression, n. recessus, -us, regrcssus,-us, 

retrospect, n. respectus, -iis (lit. = looking 
back), (prueteritorv/m) memoruu retrospect- 
ive, adj. f/iii(m«e, quod) alqd respicit ; to have 
a — effect, nrf praeterita pertinere. Adv. by 
ret ro. 

return, I. v.intr. reverti (in the perfect and 
pluperfect, reverti, rercrterum, seldom reversn* 
sum, etc. ; but as part, reverses with active 
meaning), redire (of persons and things, e.g. of 
ships, rivers), reducem esse (of persons and things, 
e.g. ships, etc.), rtvenire (e.g. domum), remcare 
(= to wander back), alqd repetere (= to seek 
again) ; recurrere, revolare (= to tly back). II. 
V.tr. reddere, restituere. III. n. 1, = going 
back, reditus, -us, regressus, -iis, i-eversio (before 
a journey is finished); 2, formal — , renuntiutio, 
profess io ; to make a — , rcnuutiure, profiteri ; 
3, = giving back, by verb, see II.; 4, see 
Profit, Income, returned, adj. redux. 

reunite, v.tr. 1, lit. iterwm conjuvgere ; see 
Unite ; 2, fig. reconciliare atqm cunl alqo or alci 
reunion, n. recoticUiatio (= reconciliation); 
see also Assembly. 

reveal, v.tr. patefacere, manifest um reddere, 
apcrire, retegcre (rare before Aug.), (in medium 
or luccm) proferre, evulgare, divulgare ; see Dis- 
close, Betray, Publish, revelation, n. 
patefactio, or by verb; Eccl. rcvelatio, the book 
of — , Apocalypsis. 

revel, I. v.intr. 1, comis(s)ari ; 2, see De- 
light. II. n. and revelry, n. comis(s)atio, 
reveller, n. comis(s)ator. 

revenge, I. n. ultio (— the act of—), vinrfi- 
catio (by the gods, the law, magistrates, and 
others through the law), ulciecendi cvpiditat, 
ira, iracundia. II. v.tr. vlcisci alqm or alqd, 
vindicare alqm or alqd in alqm (of laws ami 
magistrates), comb, vlcisci et. persequi, poenas 
capire pro alqo or alcjs rei, poenas alcjs rei expe- 
tere (= to claim — for anybody or anything). 
revengeful, adj. 7rftionis cupidus, irutus (= 
angry). Adv. irato animo. 

revenue, n. vectigal, reditus, -lis. 

reverberate, I. v.tr. to — the rays, radios 
repercittere, regercre. II. v.intr. see Resound. 
reverberation, n. repercussus, -us (Plin., 
Tac). 

reverence, I. n. 1, observantia, reverentia, 

rencratio, vcrecundia (stronger than reverentia) ; 
religious — , religio or pietas erga Denm ; as a 
title use in gen. vir rcverendus ; of a king, 011311s- 
tus ; 2, to make a — , (reverenter) alqm salu- 
tare. II. or revere, v.tr. alqm observare, 
colere et observare, or rereri et colcre, alqm revereri, 
rcrerentiam adversus (dqm adhibere, rererentium 
alci habere or jiraestare. reverend, adj. re- 
verendus in gen. (or Eccl.). reverent, adj. 
verecundlis (= shy, modest), religiosus, venera- 
bundus {— devout), pius (— dutiful). Adv. vere- 
cunde, religiose, pie; they went — into the 
temple, venerabundi templnm inicre (Liv.). 

reverie, n. cogitalio (= thought); lost in a 
— , in cogitatione riefixns, ucscio quid meditans. 

reverse, I. v.tr. invertere, (eom)mntare, con- 

vertcre ; see Chance. II. 11. 1, = change, 
(com)mniotio, vicissitudo, rids (gen.), ]d. vices 
more coninion (mostly poet.), vanrersin ; 2, = 
contrary, aontrarium ; 3, = defeat, clades, -is, f. ; 
see Defeat ; 4, = hind part, jxuv; aversa, re- 
versible, adj. qui (quae, quod) facile inverti 
potest, reversion, n. 1, see Reverse, II.; 
2, legal t.t. hereditas. revert, v.intr. redire 
ad alqm, cedere alci. 
review, I. v.tr. inspiccre, perspicere, cognox- 



rev 



849 



I 

rid 



cite, percensere, recensere, corrigere ; to — an 
aroiy, recensere (i.e. to liuinber), inspicere (e.g. 
the legions, arma, vivos, equos cum curd, singidos 
milites), numerum alcjs inire (e.g. troops), comb. 
ulqil recensere et uumtrum inire, lustrare (of the 
censor, then the army by the general, with 
religious rites), oculis lustrare, oculis obire (with 
a glance); to — a book, perhaps cielibro judicium 
exprimere. II. n. 1, conspectus, -us, or by verbs; 

2, of troops, recensio (with a view to num- 
bering), lustratio( = rites at beginning of a — ), 
in gen. simulacrum puguae, ludicrum certamen, 
imago puyujc,ju$ta belli species (all in Liv. xl. (i) ; 

3, see Journal, reviewer, n. qui de libro 
judicium suuni exprimit, 

revile, v.tr. conviciari, convicium alcifacere, 
alqm conviciis consectari or inccssire, aid maledi- 
cere, alqm maledictis insectari, malcdicta in alqm 
dicere or confer re, probris et maledictis alqm 
vexare, maledictis or probris alqm increpare, con- 
tumeliosis verbis alqm prosequi, reviler, n. 
conoiciator, vudedicus. reviling, n. maledk- 
tio, verborum contumelia, probrum, convicium. 

revise, I. v.tr. see Review, Correct. II. 
n. plagula de prelo emendanda, or by verb. re- 
Vision, n. lima (lit. = file), emendatio, correctio ; 
see Correction. 

revisit, v.tr. reviscfe. 

revive, I. v.intr. revlviscere, ad vitam redire 
(lit. and fig., of persons and things), rcnasci (Jig. 
of things), revlrescere, recreari, respirare. II. 
V.tr. vitam akjs restituere, vitam alci reddere. 

revoke, v.tr. irritum esse jubere, abrogare, 
?escindcre (legem, etc.); see Abolish, Rescind. 
revocable, adj. f revocabilis, qui {quae, quod) 
facile miUari potest, revocation, n. revocatio 
(in gen.), abrogatio, rescissio (of a law) ; see 
Abrogation. 

revolt, I. v.intr. seditionem movere, imperi- 
V/m auspiciumque abnuere(— to refuse obedience, 
of soldiers), rebellare, rebellionemfacere, imperium 
alcjs detrectare, deficere ab alqo or ab alcjs imperio, 
desciscere ab alqo. II. 11. seditio, defectio, rebel- 
lio, tumultus, -us. revolter, n. (homo) sediti- 
Csus, qui ab alqo desciscit. revolting, adj. 
taeter (let-), nefandus, foedus, turpis; see Dis- 
gusting. 

revolution, n. 1, = turning, conversio, 
orbis, anfractus, -us (solis), ambitus, -us; 2, 
political — , novae res ; see also Revolt, re- 
volutionary, adj. lit. seditiosus, novarum 
rerum studiosus or cupidus ; fig. novissimus 
(=very strange), revolutionist, n. (homo) 
novarum rerum cupidus. revolutionize, v.tr. 
commutare (lit. and tig.). 

revolve, I. v.intr. se (re)volvere or (re)volvi, 
se circumagere or circumagi, circumverti. II. 
v.tr. alqd animo volvereor volutare. revolver, 
n. see Pistol. 

revulsion, n. [com)mutatio ; see Change. 

reward, I. v.tr. praemium alci dare, tribu- 
ere, (pcr)solvcre, pretium alci deferre, praemio alqm 
ornurc or decorare, remunerari alqm praemio. 
II. n. remuncratio, for, alcjs ret; (= the thing 
itself, praemium or pretium, fructus, -us (= 
fruit), rewarder, n. qui edei praemium dat, 
etc. 

rewrite, v.tr. iterum scribere. 

rhapsody, n. perhaps dictum grandiloquvm, 
or ampullae(i.e. ampullae et sesquipedalia verba). 

rhetoric, n. rhetorica or rhetorics (p>jTopi»c>j), 
pure Latin ars orandi or bene dicendi 
scientia (Quint), rhetorical, adj. rhetoricus 
(pijTopucds), oratorius. Adv. rhetorice. 

rheum, ii. gravedo, humor, rheumatism, 
n. cruciatus, -us, or dolor in gen. 



rhinoceros, n. rhinoceros (Plin.). 
rhubarb, n. radix pontica (Cels.). 

rhyme, I. tl. extremorum verborum similis 
sonihis, -fts. II. v.intr. versus extremis verbis 
inter se consonantes, or versus qui extremis verbis 
similiter sonant, facere. 

rhythm, n. numerus or in the pi. nvmtri, 
modus, modi, pi., rhythmus (Quint.; Cic. uses 
Greek pvBvos). rhythmical, adj. numerosus. 
Adv. numcrose. 

rib, n. costa; of a ship, statumen. 

ribald, adj. obscenus ; see Filthy, ri- 
baldry, n. sermo obscenus, obscenitas. 

riband, ribbon, n. rcdimiculum (= any- 
thing to tie round the head, forehead), taenia, 
fascia (= small bit of cloth, etc., for a head- 
dress), lemniscus (for garlands, also for an order), 
vitta I— head-band), infula (= fillet, also badge 
of honour). 

rice, i). oryza; as a dish, by puis ex ori/cd 
coda. 

rich, adj. dives (dis, opp. pauper), locuples (— 
having much property and in a flourishing con- 
dition), opulentus (= who lias means, money, in- 
fluential), copiosus, copiis dives or locuples (= 
rich in provisions of all kiuds, copiosus also of a 
fertile mind), pecuniosus, nutgnae pecuniae, bene 
nummatus, argento copiosus (— having much 
money), /o>-(u>ia<Ms(=tortunate, wealthy), beutus 
(= who has everything he can wish for), abundans 
(= who has so much that he can give unto others ; 
also of a fertile mind, opp. inops), opiums (= rich, 
abundant, e.g. booty, profit, kingdom, etc.), 
ampins (= considerable, splendid in a gen. sense, 
e.g. reward, funeral), uber (= ample, in large 
quantities, or yielding a great deal), opimus (— 
. sumptuous),prc?ios«s (=costly), lautus(= luxuri- 
ous) ; — in, dives alqd re (poetic with gen.), opu- 
lentus alqd re, uber alqd re or alcjs rei, ferax alcjs 
rei (= yielding, etc., of countries, fields, etc.), 
frequens alqd re (where anything exists in large 
numbers, e.g. Nilus feris et beluis frequens). 
Adv. copiose, beate(= with all blessings), abun- 
danter, ample (often in superl. amplissimc), pre- 
tiose (= expensively), laute (= well, luxuriously). 
riches, n. divitiae (= large fortune), opulentia 
(= ample means, as regards money, property, 
etc.), opes, f. pi. (= means wherewith to accom- 
plish a thing), fortunue (= blessing of Provi- 
dence), facultaUs, -urn, pi., copiae (— means of 
all kinds), richness, a, copia, abundantio, 
nbertas (of soil, etc.); see Abundance, Fer- 
tility. 

rick, n. meta (Col.). 

rid, get rid of, v.tr. alqmlibcrare, expedire 
alqd re, alqm eripere ex or ab alqd re (all three =: 
to free from danger, and esp. from any unplea- 
sant position, etc.), alqd deponere (=to lay 
aside), dimittcre (= to dismiss); to have got — 
of, solution, vacuum esse alqd re (e.g. fear); see 
Free, Dismiss, riddance, n. liberalio ; good 
— , abi (abite). 

riddle, I. n. aenigma, -at is, n., arnhnfirt, 
-nm, f. (= ambiguity in speech or action) ; yon 
talk in — s, ambaaes nanus. II. v.intr. rnffl- 
mata loqui. riddled, adj. e.g. — with 
wounds, graviter vulneratus, multis vulneribus 
oppressus. 

Tide,y.mtr.eqvitare,equn vehi(in gen.) ; to — 
up to, equo vchi ad alqm or ad alqd, aaeunitart (ui 
alqm or ad alqd, obequitare alci rei ; to — quickly, 
equo concitato (of several, equis citatis) advehi or 
advolare, equo admisso (aptis admissis) accurrire ; 
to — at anchor, tit ancoris cons.istere. rider, u. 
eques, -itis, m. ; to be a very good, — , equitandi 



rid 



850 



ns 



peritissinum esse, riding, n. equltatio, equita- 
tus, -ns (Plin.). riding-master, n. qui atqm 
eqvitare docet. 

ridge, n. mantis dorsum, jugum. 

ridicule, I. n. (dc)ridiadum ; see Mock- 
ery. II. v.tr. anyone or anything, irridere, 
deridert alqm or alqd, in risum vcrtere (e.g. cog- 
nomen); see Mock, ridiculous, adj. ridi- 
cuius, ridemlus, deridiculus, perridicuhis, sub- 
ridiculus; see Absurd. Adv. (pcr)ridicule, 
subridicide, joculariter, deridendus, jocularis ( — 
facetious), ridiculousness, n. by adj. 

rife, adj. to be — (e.g. a report), feriur, 
fama or res percrebescit or percrebuit. 

rule, n. see Gun. 

rifle, v.tr. see Plunder. 

rift, d. rima; see Crack. 

rig, v.tr. armare. rigging, n. armamenta, 
•orvm. 

right, I. adj. 1, (in geometry) rectus; — 
angled, ortkogonios ; see Straight ; = not left, 
dexter (opp. sinister) ; the — hand, (manus) 
dextra ; 2, =s morally — , aequvs, rectus, vents (= 
true), accuratus, diiigens (.= careful, accurate), 
Justus; it is — , fas(jusque) est; it is not — of 
you to, etc., non rectefecisti quod, etc. ; it serves 
me — , jure plector (Cie.) ; it serves you — , 
merito libi accidit; 3, = correct, rectus, cents 
(true), Justus (just as it should be, e.g. measure, 
sire), often also by ipse ; the — word for any- 
thing, verum rei vocabulvm.; to go the — road, 
rectani viam ingredi (lit.) ; to go the — way 
about it, rectam rationem inire (= to choose the 

— remedy) ; I have got to the — house, ad cam 
ipsam donvum perrenio quo tendo; at the — time, 
in tempore, opportune, opportuno lenyxire (= con- 
venient), temporesuo, tempore ipso (= in due time); 
ad tenipus (■= at the right moment) ; to make the 

— use of anything, recte or bene or sapienter uti 
alqd re; you are — , res ita est ut dixisti, sunt 
ista ut dicis; to do what is — , recte aghe. II. 
adv. recte, vere, juste, rite (=duly), jure, merito 
(= deservedly), bene ( = well), diligentcr, accurate 
(= accurately), plane, prorsus (= altogether, I 
do-not — understand, non satis or plane intcllego). 
III. n. = — to do anything, jus, jc'Mitas alcjs rei 
(= power, as a — , to do so) ; I have a — to do it, 
jus est alqd facers, potestate.m habeo alqdfaciendi ; 
fas (=the divine law, what is — in the sight of 
God, hence, what is in the course of nature, what 
our conscience allows us to do) ; contrary to all 
— s, contra jus fasque, contra jus ac fas; by — s, 
jure, suojnre(= from his own personal — ), merito 
(= deservingly) ; with the greatest —,jHBtissime, 
justo jure, optimo jure, merito atque optima jure, 
jure meritoqne, jure ac merito, merito ac jure. 
righteous, adj. bonus, probus, sancttis, ae- 
quuSj Justus. Adv. bene, probe, sancte, juste. 
righteousness, n. probitas, sanctitas. 
rightful, adj. legitimus, Justus, debitus (= 
due), or rruo de jure est. Adv. lege, legitime, juste, 
jure; see Legally, Right, II. 

rigid, adj. rigidus, rigens (lit, = stiff with 
cold; then fixed in gen., e.g. eyes, hair; rigidus 
also fig. inflexible, unsociable, e.g. mores rigidi), 
imvwbilis(= immovable, of persons and things), 
dums (= without grace, delicacy, opp. mollis), 
uterus (■= severe). Adv. rigide, dure, severe. 
rigidity, n. rigor. rigorous, adj. see 
Rigid, rigour, n. rigor (opp. dementia, also 
of a thing, e.g. animi, veteris disciplinne, mostly 
post Aug.), severiUu, duritia. 

rill, n. rivus (rivuhts very late, except in 
fig. sense). 

rim, n. tabrwtn (= lip), ora (of a shiAjd, 
. etc.); s*e Edge. 



rime, n. pruina. 

rind, n. cortex (of trees), liber (= the inward 
bark) ; see Skin. 

ring, I. n. circnlus, orbis, -is, m. (in gen.), an- 
(n)ulus (= — on a linger, of curtains, chains, 
hair), inaures, -ium, f. (=ear- — s), = circle, fig. 
corona, orbis, -is, m., circulus. II. v.tr. and intr. 
tinnirc ; to — at the door, pidsare fores or januam 
(=to knock), to — for anyone, (aeris) Hnnitu 
alqin arccssere (lit.), digitis concrcpare (=to snap 
with the fingers, as the Romans did when they 
wished to call a slave) ; of bells, sonare (intr.) ; 
to — the bells, campanam pulsare ; = to resound, 
resono.re; to — the changes, alqd iterare ; — to 
surround, circumdare ; see Surround, ring- 
dove, n. columba (= blue rock), palumbes, -is, 
m. and f. (= stock-dove), ringing, I. adj. 
t sonorus, ranorus. II. n. + tinnitus, -us, or by 
sonus. ringleader, n. auctor, princeps, caput, 
dux, fax (lit. = torch), tuba (lit. — trumpet), 
ringlet, n. cirrus; see Curl, ringworm, 
n. lichen (PYm.). 

rinse, v.tr. eluere, colluere, perluh-e. 

riot, I. n. 1, seditio, motus, -us,concitatio(e.g. 
plebis contra patres), tumullus, -its (of slaves, 
peasants, allies against the Romans themselves), 
vis repentina (= sudden rising) ; 2, = extrava- 
gant conduct, comis(s)atio (= feasting), rixa (= 
brawling). II. v.intr. 1, seditionem (tumultum, 
etc.) movere or concitare ; 2, = to rim riot, comis- 
(s'ytri (= to revel), bacchari (= to rave), luxuriate. 
(:= to live riotously). rioter,n. (homo) sediliosus, 
turbulenhts, etc. riotous, adj. 1, sediliosus, 
rerum evertendarum or rerum novarum cupidus, 
rerum mutationis cupidus, turbulentus, comb. 
seditiosus ac turbidentus (e.g. tin's); 2, comis(s)- 
abundus; — living, luxuria. Adv. turbulente, 
seditiose, luxuriose. 

rip, v.tr. 1, scindcre, divellire (=to tear) 
see Tear, Cut ; 2, dissuere (a seam ; rare). 

ripe, adj. maturvs, tempest iv us (lit. and tig.), 
cactus; a — old nge'senectus, -utis; — judgment, 
judicium, ripen, I. v.tr. maturare(]\t. and fig.). 
II. v.intr. matitrari, maturescere, ad maturitatem 
pervenire, maturitatem assequi or adipisci. ripe- 
ness, n. mo.tu ritas (lit. and fig.), maturitas tern- 
jiestiva (lit.), tempestivitas (lit. and lig.). 

ripple, I. v.intr. perhaps leni murmure de- 
fluere, or dclabi, susurrare, leniter \sonare. II. 
n. perhaps unda; the — of the waves, lene 
undarum murmur. 

rise, I. v.intr. 1, = to get up, (ex)surgere, con- 
surgere (csp. of a number of people), assurgere 
(esp. as a mark of honour to anyone, alci) ; to — 
in the morning, ejpergisci (= to awake), (e lectulo 
or hclulo alone) surgere; from table, a cena ; to 

— from illness, e morbo assurgere; of the sun, 
stars, etc., of sunrise, (di)htcesrcrc, Uluscere, (ex)- 
oriri; of the wind, tempest, etc., consurgcre, co- 
oriri; 2, = to increase, surgere, increbesccre, cres- 
cere; to. — in the air, (in) sublime ferri^ of a river, 
nasci (Tlin.),profcisci, gigni,(ex)oriri; to — from 
beneath, emergere ; of thoughts, subire mentem or 
animum, alci succurrere ; of prices, ougeri, cres- 
cere, ingravescere; to — in dignity, in the world, 
etc., od honores ascendere, altiorem dignitatis gra- 
dum consequi ; 3, = to rebel, cooriri (e.g. ad bel- 
lum); see Repel; to — again, resu rgere (Eccl.)., 
II. n. and rising, n. (ex)ortus, -is (of the sun, 
etc.), a(d)scensus, -us(= place where one ascends) ; 

— of a hill, so cliv»s leniter assurgens (of a gentle 
— ) ; = origin, ortvs, -us, cans(s)a. ferns, -nils, m., 
origo ; to give — to, locum, alci rei. dare, or pra»- 
here, effcire; see Cause; — in price, annona 
carior (of corn), in gtD. use verb; = insurrec- 
tion ; see RrEELLiON. rising, adj. of ground, 
(eollis) pavl(l)uJvm ex planitie editus or assurgens 



ris 



851 



fig. perhaps qui gratia (in dies) augdur (of repu- 
tation, etc.); see Prosperous. 

r jsible, adj. quod ad ridendum pertinet. 
risibility, n. by riders (e.g. I liave nothing 
to excite my — , non habeo quod rideam). 

risk, I. n. perknlum(=fangeT), discrimen,alea 
alcjsrei(= danger, uncertainty in anything); at 
my — , meo periculo ; to take anything at one's 
own — , alqd periculi sui faeere. II. v.tr. alqd 
in alcam dare, alqd in periculum or dismmcn 
adducere or vocare ; to — one's life, committers se 
periculo mortis. 

rite, n. by ritus, -us; see Ceremony, ritual, 
I. adj. de ritu. II. n. liber or formula sacrorum. 
ritualist, n. homo de sacris (rite faciendis) 
daigentissimus. 

rival, I. n. aemulus, fern, aemida (in gen.), 
rualis (as a lover), competitor (political). II. 
adj. aemulans cum alqo. III. v.tr. (con)certare or 
contendere cum alqo(= to contest), aemulari alqm 
or cum alqo (= to strive for anything which an- 
other tries to gain), rivalry, n. aemulatio. 

river, I. n. fluvius, flumen, amnis, rivits 
(= rivulet, any small river which flows), torrens 
(— torrent) ; the — flows quickly, fluvius citatus 
(or incitatus)fertur; slowly, fluvius placide man- 
at; the— is rapid, fluvius violentus invehitur ; is 
low, amnis tenui fluit aqua; a swollen — , rivus 
inflatus; to direct a — into another channel, 
amnem in, alium, cursum deflectcre. II. adj. 
fluviaticus, fluvialilis, fluvialis. .river-basin, 
n. locus uH omnia flumina in unum defluunt. 
river-god, n. numen flumiuis. river-horse, 
n. hippopotamus (Pliu.). 

rivet, I. v.tr. clav(ul)o figcre. II. n. fibula 
ferrea, claims (nail). 

road, n. 1, via (= the way for going or tra- 
velling), iter (= the going, or the — itself); on 
the — , id or ex itinere; a — goes to, iterfert alqo ; 
2, fig. the right—, via; the wrong — , error. 
roads, n. pi. = anchorage for ships, roadstead, 
staiw. roadside, adj. by in itinere. road- 
ster, n. cabullus. 

roam, v.intr. palari (e.g. per agros), vagari. 
roaming, adj. vagus. 

roan, adj. badius albis maculis sparsus. 

roar, I. v.intr. of beasts, mugire (of an ox, 
also of thunder, etc.), rudere (= to bray like an 
ass, also of lions, stags, etc.), rugire, fremere (of 
lions), vociferari (of men). II. n. mugltus, ru- 
ditus, rugitus (all -us), vociferatio. 

roast, I. v.tr. assare, torrere, frigere (the two 
foregoing = to fry). II. adj. assus ; — meat, as- 
sum, caro assa, assa, n. pi. (several pieces); — 
beef, assumbubulum; —veal, assuvi vitulinum. 

rob, v.tr. rapere, lutroiinari (= to — on the 
highway); alqm alqd redepeculari(men, temples, 
etc., rare), alqm alqd re (cx)spoliare, desiwliare, 
expdare, compilarc (= to strip temples, the 
public treasury, etc., the latter also alqd 
alqd re), fraudare alqm re (by cheating), alqd 
(dci tripert (= to snatch away), adripere, au- 
ferre (= to take away) ; to — of children, or- 
bare, robber, n. ercptor (plunderer), praedo 
(= who seeks after booty both by sea and by 
land), latro(= burglar), pirata(= pirate), fur(= 
thief); band of — s, latronum or praedonum globus, 
latronum or praedonum turba, or simply latrones, 
p-raedones, or latrocinium (Cic, and fig. of Catiline 
and his associates), robbery, n. rapina, spo- 
liatio (the act), latrocinium (= highway — ; la- 
trocinium alone or latrocinium maris also = 
piracy), praedatio (= taking booty) ; robberies 
of all kinds, latrocinia et raptus ; to commit — , 
rapere, ropiixis faeere, lairociiidri, piraticnm 
fruZre or vxrclre (bv sea). 



roo 



robe, I. n. vtstis (= dress in gen.), amictus, 
■us( = anything thrown ovcr),sfota, palla(= dresg 
for the Roman ladies), trabea (= robe of state) : 
sec Dress, Gown. II. v.tr. rehire. 

robust, adj. robustus; see Strong. 

rock, n. saxum(= any mass of stones), rupes, 
■is (- steep — , on the land and in the sea), 
scopulus (m prose, = dangerous — in tl» water, 
clilt), cautcs, -is, f. (= ragged — , crag), comb. 
saxa et caxdes ; (ig. arx (= castle, — , e.g. an 
est ilia s]jei salutisque noslrae). rocky, adj. 
sco2>ulosus, saxosus, saxeus (= made of — ). 

rock, I. v.tr. movere, qualere. II. v.intr. 
movere. 

rocket, n. by radius pyrius. 

rod, n. virga (in gen.), ferula( = fennel-giant, 
for chastising children), arundo (cane), decern- 
peda (in land-surveying). 

roe, n. of fish, ova, -orum, pi. 

roe, ii. = female deer, caprea. roebuck, 
n. capreolus, caprea. 

rogation, n. rogatio(= the proposal of a law ; 
Eccl. = prayer), supplicatio (= prayer). 

rogue, n. (homo) perfidus, nequam, scelestus, 
sceleratus, fraudulentus, veterator, (tri)furcifer 
(Com.), roguery, n. fraus, -dis, f., dolus. 
roguish, adj. 1, perfidus, fraudulentus; see 
under Rogue; 2, = saucy, protervus, lascivus. 
Adv. perfide, nequiter, sceleste, scelerate, fraudu- 
lenter, proterve, lascive. 

roll, I. v.tr. volvire, devohere (down), evol- 
vere (out), provolvire (forward), convohere (to- 
gether), volutare, versare (over and over) ; to — 
round anything, alqd alci rei circumvolvere, in- 
volvere. II. v.intr.. convolvi, se volutare, volu- 
tari; tears — down his cheeks, lacrimae per 
genoA manant. III. n. orbis, cylindrus (= cylin- 
der) ; = what is rolled up, volumen (of paper) ; 
= a — of bread, panis; — .of a drum, tympani 
pulsatio (■=. beatiDg), or sonus (= sound) ; = 
list, album (e.g. senator, -ium, Tac). roller, 
n. cylindrus (for rolling things round, or for 
levelling ground), phalangae (put under ships). 
roll-call, n. album; to answer to the — , ad 
■nomina resjwndere. 

Roman' Catholic, adj. *Catholicus, *qui 

fidem Romanae Ecclcsiae tenet. 

romance, I. n. fabula. II. v.intr. fabuluri. 
romantic, adj. fictus (= feigned), mirus, novus 
(= wonderful), amoenus (= pretty, of a place). 
Adv. ut in foiulis fit, fic.te, mire, amoene. 

romp, v.intr. see Play. 

roof, I. ii. tectum, culmen ; buildings without 
— , aedtjicia hypacthra; to receive under your—, 
hospitio exciperc alqm. II. v. tr. to — , tecto tegcre ; 
to unroof, nudare tecto. roofless, adj. hypac- 
thrus, nudatus ; = homeless, sine tecto. 
. room, n. 1, locus, spiUum e.g. to make — , 
viam or locum dare, locum dare et cedere; )x>pu- 
lum or turbam submovere (e.g. for the consul 
by the lie tors), partem sedis or subselli vucuam. 
faeere (= to give up one's seat); see Space ; 2, 
= apartment, conclave, cubiculum (= chamber, 
bed — ); hospitalia, -iuvi, n. (= guest cham- 
bers); dining — , cenaculum; (all the — s above 
the ground-floor were cenacula) ; cenatio ; a 
small — , cenatiuncula ; bed — , cubiculmn (see 
Smith, "Diet. Antiq. Art," Domus). roomy, 
adj. sjxitiosvs; see Spacious. 

roost, I. n. pertica gallinaria. II. v.intr. 
stabulari. 

root, I. n. 1, radix (= —"of a tree ; then — x>t 



the tongue, hair, feather, mountain, hill, etc. ; 
fig. = origin) ; by the — s, radiciivs; radidbus; 
2, tig- stirps, fans, -ntis, m., eavt>(s)a (= cause, 



rop 



852 



rul 



origin, source) ; with the — , radicitus, radicibus. 

II. v.intr. radicari (lit. Col.), radices capere 
or mittere (lit.), inhaerescere in mente (fig. of 
that which one does not forget), radices agere 
( = to take — , also fig. = to gain a thin footing), 
iiisidire, in re tern serf re (both fig., the former of a 
superior, the latter of a ..abit, an evil, etc.). 

III. v.tr. /overt, oli-rc (rig. = to foster) ; to — up, 
creltere. rooted, adj. inveleratus, conjirmalns 
(tig.); deeply — , tig. penitvs defixiis. 

rope, n. rcstis (= a thin — ), funis, -is, in. ( = 
a thick — ), rudens (= a cable), retinaculum (of 
a ship), funis ancomrius, oncorale (= anchor — ), 
funis extcnitus (= tight — ). 

rosary, n. 1,= garden of roses, rosarium, 
rosetnm; 2, = beads, rosarium (Eccl.). rose, 
n. rosa. rosy, adj. roscus. 
rosemary, n. ros marines. 
rosin, n. resina. 
rostrum, n. rostra, -orum. 
rot, I. v.intr. putrescere, putrefari, tabesccre. 
II. n. tabes, -is. rotten, adj. putrefactus, 
putridus. 

rotate, v.intr. sc volvere, volvi, se cfrcuma- 
gere, circumagi; see Revolve, rotation, n. 
ambitus, -us, circuitus,-us, eircumactio (e.g. rota- 
rum), cimdatio or circinatio (of the planets), 
cursus, -ils (= course); in — ,ordinc; seo Suc- 
cession, rotatory, adj. t versdtilis. 

rotundity, n. tigura rotunda, rotunditas 
(Plin.). 
rouge, I. n. fiicus. II. v.intr. fucarc. 
rough, adj. as2>er(e.g. road, places, climate, 
voice, life or mode of living, man), salebrosus(- 
rugged, uneven), confmgosus (= craggy, stony), 
hirsutus (lit- = shaggy ; then of thorns, etc.), 
asper, gravis (of weather), turbidns (of weather | 
or wind); see Stormy ; horridus(= standing on 
end ; hence void of refinement, of things and 
persons, e.g. verba), mucus (= hoarse) ; of cha- 
racter, ivhumanus, inurbanus, agrestis, rusticus; 
see Sketch. Adv. aspere, dure, duriter, inku- 
mane, inurbane, rustice. roughen, v.tr. (ex)- 
asperare (lit. and fig.), roughness, n. asperi- 
las (in gen., e.g. of the climate, i'rdi, animi), 
durilia; of manners, inhumanitas, inurbani- 
tas, rusticitas. 

round, I. adj. rotnndus, glnbosus( = globular), 
orbicidatns (lit. = orbicular, like a disk ; tlien 
— like a ball, — in gen.), teres (rounded), 
coinb. teres et rotundus. II. v.tr. 1, rotundare, 
curvare, conglobare ; 2, fig. polirc, concludrre. 
III. n. 1, see Circle ; 2, in fighting, certamen ; 
in music, cantus, -us (song) ; to go the — s, 
vigilios circumire. IV. adv. and prep, circa, 
circum (alqd). roundabout, adj. and adv. de- 
vivs ; a — wav, ambdnes, -urn, eircvitus, -its. 
rounded, adj. teres (lit. and fig.), rotundatvs, 
rotnndus, conglobatus ; of style, quasi rotundus, 
concinnus. roundelay, n. see Song, round- 
ly, adv. plane, prorsus (= altogether). 
rouse, v.tr. excitare. 

rout, I. v.tr. to — the enemy, hastes dissipare 
or hoftes in fvgam dissipare. II. n. see Jlon, 
Defeat. 
route, n. see Way, Road, Journey. 

routine, n. habitus, -us (= any art or virtue 
in which we feel at home, as it were), usus, -us 
(= practice), ordo (= order). 

rove, v.intr. see Ramble, rover, n. qui 
errat, etc. ; = pirate, pircta, m., praedo. 

row, n. ordo, -into, in., series; first, second, 
etc. — of seats, sedilia prima, secunda, etc. ; 
iii' a — , (<m) nrdi ite, in ordineih, deinceps. 



row, n. 1, see Quarrel ; 2, see Noise. 
row, I. v.intr. remxgare; to — with all one's 
might, remis contendere. II. v.tr. remis propel- 
lere. 

royal, adj. regius, or by the gen. regis ( — be- 
longing to a king), regalis (= according to the 
dignity of a king). Adv. regie, regal it c r , regit) 
more, royalist, n. ijui regis parlibns vludet. 
royalty, n. 1, rcgiu poteslas; 2, on a bonk, 
frudus, -iis, redilus, -its. 

rub, v.tr. terere (= to — off, to — to pieces), 
v<tciar( = to — against), contrrcre( = to pound), 
fricare (e.g. a floor), demulccre, permula're (= to 
stroke) ; to — out, delere. 

rubber, n. at whist, by paginis ter conten- 
dere. 

rubbish, n. 1, rudus( = rubble) ; see Refuse; 
2, nugae, gerrae ; see Nonsense. 
rubble, n. rudus. 
rubric, n. ndrrica (Eccl.). 
ruby, I. n. carbunculus (Plin.). II. adj. 
purpureas. 
rudder, n. gubernaculum, clavus. 
ruddy, adj. rubicundus. ruddiness, n. 
use adj. (e.g. color rubicundus). 

rude, adj. rudis(= inexperienced); — verses, 
versus inconditi or incompositi ; = unmannerly, 
agrestis, rusticus, inurbanus, inhumenus ; = in- 
solent, insolens. Adv. incondite, incomposite, 
rustice, inurbane, inhumane, insolenter. rude- 
ness, n. rusticitas, inhumanitas, inurba.nitas, 
insolentia, mores rnstici, etc. 

rudiments, n. pi. ntdimenta ; see Ele- 
ments, rudimentary, adj. inchcatus. 
rue, n. ruta. 

rue, v.tr. see Regret, Repent, rueful, 
adj. see Sorrowful, ruth, n. see Pitt. 
ruff, n. see Collar. 

ruffian, u. latro (= bandit), sicarius (= as- 
sassin), /i'Viio nefarius, etc. ruffianly, adj. 
nefarius, nequam, perditus, scelcratus; see 
Wicked. 

ruffle, v.tr. 1, agitare; to be — d, inharres- 
cere (also of a hen, to — her feathers, gallinae 
inhorresaint edito ovo, exentiuntque sese, Plin.); 
2, fig- see Excite, Irritate. 

rug, n. stragvlum. rugged, adj. see Rough, 
Uneven. 

ruin, I. n. 1, — s, ruinae, parietinae (e.g. 
Corinthi), muridiruti (= walls partly destroyed); 
2, nii?!tt(lit. = the falling in, then fig.), interitus, 
-lis, exitium; the — of one's fortune, ruina 
fortunarum : that was his — , hoc ei exitio fait ; 
see Destruction. II. v.tr. pessumdare (lit. and 
fig.), perdere, alqm or a.lqd praecipitare (e.g. the 
State), conftccre (= completely to wear out, ex- 
haust, e.g. partem plebis tributo), prosternere 
alqm or alqd (e.g. the enemy), affligere (e.g. the 
State, etc.), profiigare (entirely, a person, the 
State, one's health), also comb, affligere et per- 
,/ ,, , affliglre ct prosternere, affligere et profiigare 
(fi\\=funditus perdere or evertSre). ruinous, 
adj. 1, see Pernicious ; 2, = very great (of 
expense), maximns, effusus. 

rule, I. v.tr. and intr.l, regcre, civilaiem regcre, 
imperium tractare, regnare, rimpublicam regcre or 
moderari, reipublicac praeesse ; see Reign ; 2, to 
— passions, alqd or alci rei tempcrare; see Re- 
strain. II, t\.lex(e.g;. leges dicendi),praescrij t i ,ii , 
praeceplum, ars, ratio, regula (= a ruler or in- 
strument for ruling lines or deciding cases, 
as regula. smnonis, regula ad quam alqd diri- 
gitur), norma ; to give a — , legem dare, scribere, 
'praeceptum dare or tradcre ; to lay down as a — , 



rum 



853 



saf 



pnxuipere, praescribere ; in a court of law 
'erticere. rUler, n. 1, rector, moderator, qui ttlci 
retpraeest; 2, for drawing, regvla. 

rumble, v.intr. (in)sonare, mugire, mur- 
mware. 

rum'nate, v.intr. ruminareor nminari (tr. 
and in tr. , lit. and lig.), remandere (tr. ami 
iutr., 1'lin.); see Meditatk. ruminant, adj. 
ruvLiiutlts (1'lin.). rumination, n. ruminatio 
(lit. and llg.). 

rummage, v.intr. alqd perscruturi. 

rumour, I. n. rumor, fama, serma ( = talk), 
opinio (= opinion), auditio ( = what we know by 
hearsay), comb, rumor (or fama) et auditio. II. 
v.tr., it is — ed, fertur, (res, fama, etc.) percre- 
oescit. 

rump, n. dunes, -htm, m. and f. 

rumple, v.tr. immundum (in gen.), incomv- 
t«m(of hair)/acere. 

run, I. v.intr. ((?e)currere.(from a higher place 
to one that lies lower, ab, de = down from, ex — 
out of, per, with accus. or the simple accus. = 
through, ad — as far as), cursu ferri, aufugere (= to 

— away), cursu tendere alqo ( = to — anywhere), 
occur re re ( = to — up to), percurrere ( — to — to a 
place), procurrere(= to — out of), se proripere (— 
to dash forth, e.g. into the street, in publicum; 
out of the house, foras), effundi, se cffundere (of 
a large crowd, e.g. in castra), transcurrcre alqd 
I = to — over anything ; then absolute = to — 
across to, over to anyone, e.g. ad alqm), circum- 
currere, circwmcursarealqm locum' = to — about 
in a place), cursare, trepidare (— to — about), per- 
vagari alqm locum (= to ramble about in a place) ; 
to — against each other, inter se coucurrere ; to 

— a race, cursu certare, certatim currere; to — 
against anyone, incurrere or incurrere et incidere 
in alqm ; against anything, impingi alci rei, se im- 
pinge re in ulqd, so of a ship, scopulo, etc., = to — 
aground; to — down, fig. see Decay; to — after 
anyone, cursu effuso tendere or currere ad alqm, 
cttpide appetere alqd (fig. = to long for) ; of rivers 
(= to How), infcrri, (inyiuere in alqd; to — into, 
influere in, etc., effundi, se effundere(e.g. in mare); 
to — into = to enter, intrare alqd, alqm locum 
(e.g. portion); to — out of, exire(ex)alqo loco (e.g. 
of ships, carriages); to — round, ferri, moveri, 
circa alqd (e.g. circa terrain, of the sun) ; tears — 

over his cheeks, lacrimae viauant per genas ; to 

over, equina, etc., agere in alqm =to treat, light- 
ly, alqd (oratione, etc.) percurrere, perstringere ; 
to — to seed, in semen ire. II. n. cursus, -us, 
citatus or effusus. runaway, n. fugitivus. 
runner, n. cursor, running, I. adj. — 
water, aqua viva. II. n. see Ron, II. 

rupture, I. n. 1, fractura (e.g. ossis); 2, 
fig. discordia (= disagreement) ; dissidium. II. 
v.tr. frangere, confringere, difringere ; see 
Break. 

rural, adj. rusticus, agrestis ( = in the coun- 
try ; also = simple, plain, etc.), rusticus ( = pe- 
culiar to the country, e.g. — life). 

rush, n.juncus, s(c)irpus; made of—, juncens 
or juncinus, s(c)irpeus ; full of— es, jnucomis; a 
place covered witli — es, juncetum. rushlight, 
n. see Lamp. 

rush, v.intr. see Ron. 

rusk, n. perhaps panis tostus. 

russet, adj. fuscus ( = dusky). 

rust, I. n. robigo (rub-, in gen. ; also in re- 
ference to corn), situs, -us( = mould, niustiness), 
ferrugo (=z — of iron), aerugo (= — of copper). 
II. v.intr. robiginem trahere or sentire, robi- 
gine obduci, robigine infestari (all in Plin.), 
fig. corrumpi. III. v.tr, alqd robigine ob- 
. duccre, etc. (Plin., Quint.), rusty, adj. robi- 



ginosus (rub-, in gen.), aeruginosa Qa Sen., of 
brass and copper). 

rustic, adj. rusticus, rustiranus, agrcstts. 
rusticate. I. v.tr. perhaps nu releyare. II. 
V.intr, rusticari, rare invert or degcre. 

rustle, I. v.intr. crepare, crepitum darelot'a 
clattering noise), strepere, ttrtpituw dare nr rdin 
(loud), *oHare(= to sound loud); to— (of leaves) 
perliaps Uusurrare{= to whisper). II. n. crepi- 
tus, -us, strepitus, -us, bohiu. 

rut, n. orblta. 

ruth, n. see Rue. 

rye, n. secale (Plin.). 



S. 

Sabbath, n. sabbata, -orum. 

sable, adj. niger, ater; see Black. 

sabre, n. acinous, -is. 

saccharine, adj. by dulcis. 

sacerdotal, adj. quod ad sacerdoles or sacer- 
dot mm pertinet. 

8 * ck » h "■ *• s « cc "s; —of leather, miens, 
see Bao ; 2, see Plunder. II. v.tr. see Plun- 
der, sackbut, n. buccina. sackcloth, ii. 

by toga sordula ; in — and ashes, sortlidutus. 

sacrament, n. sacramentum (Eccl.). 

sacred, adj. sneer, mnctus, sacrosaiiaus, re- 
ligiosus, augustus; nothing is more — to me 
than, etc., nihil antiquius est quenn, etc. ; to 
declare — , snncire. Adv. sancte, religiose, 
auguste. sacredness, u. sanctiias, or by re- 
ligio. 

Sacrifice, I. n. sacrificinm, sacra, -orum, n„ 
res dioina (the act), victima, host la ( = the vic- 
tim) ; = loss, juctura, damnum. II. v.tr. 1, sacrifi- 
care, (sacra, or rem, diviuum) facere with ablat. of 
victim, liostiam immolare, litem (under favour- 
able auspices), caedere( = to slaughter); 2, fig. 
alcjs rei jacturam facere, alqd alci dare, dedert 
(= to give up); to — one's life for, pro alqd re 
or alqd ocw.nbere, vitam profundere. sacri- 
flcer, n. immolator (rare), or by verb, sacri- 
ficial, adj. by genit. of sacrijicium, f wcri- 
ficiulis. 

sacrilege, n. sacrihgium. sacrilegious, 

adj. sacrilegus. Adv. by adj. 

sacristan, n. auiituus. sacristy, n. sacra- 
Hum. 

sad, adj. 1, = sorrovful, maestus, tristis, 
maerens, afftictus (= cast down); 2, = causing 
sadness, graris, acerbus, trislis, miserabilU, 
miserandvs, luctuosus. Adv. maeste, t triste, 
miserabiliter, htctuose. sadden, v.tr. viacstitid, 
dolore, etc., alqm officere. sadness, n. maes- 
titia, tristitia, dolor ( = pain), maeror, aegritvdo, 
aegrimonia, miseria (often in pi.); see Sorrow. 

saddle, I. n. ephippivm. II. v.tr. tmtmm 
stcrnire; to — anyone with anything, idqd alci 
imponere, injungere. Saddle bags, n. hippo- 
perae (Sen.), saddle horse, n. ., .,„>-. sad- 
dler, n. cphippiorum urtifex. 

Safe, I. adj. tutus (ab alqd re), sulcus totptt 
(= — and .sound), integer (— whole), inculmnis 
(= unharmed), ]<ericulo vacuus(= free from dan- 
ger). Adv. tuto, lute. II. n. cella pmuria. safe- 
conduct, n. fides (publica). safeguard, 
n. propugnaexdnm ; sec Protection, safety, 
n. stilus, -tills, {., incolumitas ; iu — , tutus, etc. 
safety-valve, n. 1, lit. perhaps Joramen }ier 
quod vapor calidus emiltitur ; 2, lig. salutis certa 
via atque ratio. 



saf 



S54 



sat 



saffron, I. n. crocus. II. adj. croceus. 

sagacious, ndj. sagax, pendens, perspuiax, 
rationis el consihi plants. Adv. saguciter, pru- 
denter. sagacity, n. sagacitas, prudentia, per- 
epicadtas. 

sage, n. sah-Ut (Plin.). 

sage, I. adj. see Wisp. U. n, sapiens. 

sail, I. tl. velum ;:to set — , vela, dare ; — to set 
out — , (navem) solvere ; to fiirl — ', vela subducere. 
II. v.intr. navigare ; to — over, transvehi, trans- 
mitti ; to — past, pruetervehi ; to — round, cir- 
cumvehi. sailing, u. navigatio. sailor, n. 
•nauta, m. 

saint, n. (vir) sanctus, (fcmina) sancta, 
beatus, beata (Eccl.). saintly, adj. so. actus. 

sake, n. for the — of, ob, propter, per (with 
accus.), prxte, pro, de (witli ablat.), caus(s)d or 
gratia (with genit., and more rarely ergo, which 
follows the genit,), or hy part, motus, affectus, 
coactus <dqd re. 

salaam, n. by corpus liumi prosternere. 

salad, n. acetaria, -orum (Plin.). 

salamander, n. salamandra (Plin.). 

salary, I. n. merces, -edis, f. II. v.tr. metre- 
detn cdci dare; to be salaried, mercedem accipcre. 

sale, n. venditio (in gen.), hasta ( = auction) ; 
to offer for — , (dqd venum dare, saleable, 
adj. vcndibilis ( = on sale), quod facile rendi 
latest, salesman, n. venditor. 

salient, adj. praecipuus ( = chief) ; see 
Principal. 

saline, adj. salsus. 
saliva, n. saliva. 
Sallow, adj. pallida*. 

sally, I. v.tr. erumpere, eruptionem facere. 
II. n. 1, eruptio ; 2, fig. alqd argute dictum. 
salmon, n. salmo (Plin.). 
saloon, n. atrium, exedra, oecus. 

salt, I. n. sal. II. adj. salsus. III. v.tr. 
sole condire, salire. salt-cellar, n. salinum, 
concha sails, salt-mine, salt-pit, salt- 
works, n. salifodina, saliuac. S.i]tneS3, n. 
salsitudn, 

salubrious, adj. saluber, or saluhris. Adv. 
mlubriter. salubriousness, n. salubritas. 
salutary, adj. salutaris ; see Useful. 

salute, I. v.tr. salutare, consalntare (of 
several); in letters, alci, mvltam or plwrimam 

salutem dicere, impertire, a(d)scribere ; of sending 
a message, so salutem nuntiare, or simply salutem. 
II. n. 1, see Kiss ; 2, milir, t.t. perhaps by tela 
alci erigere honoris caus(s)d ( = by presenting 
arms), missilibas effu*is alqm excipere ( = by 
discharge of guns), salutation, n. salutatio, 
sulus (see above), alqm solvere jubcre. 

salvation, n. salus, -ntis, f., conscrvatio (in 
gen.). 

salve, I. n. unguentum ; for the eyes, col- 
lyrium. II. v.tr. (in)ungere. 

salver, n. see Dish. 

salvo, n. with this — , hoc excepto, 7uic lege or 
co idicione. 

same, adj. idem, eadem, Idem ; =: — as, fol- 
lowed by et, ac, que ut, qui (quae, quod), quam, 
quasi, cum with ablat. {alci rei), units etidem, 
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (=self), ejusdem generis (=of the 
same kind) ; it is not the — whether, multnm in- 
terest lUrum . . . an ; it is the — to me, met? nihil 
interest or refert ; m the — way, eodem modn • nt 
the — time, eodem tempore; in the — place, 
ibidem ; to the — place, eodem. sameness, 
p. see Monotony, 



sample, n. exemplum, specimen, document 
turn*; see Example. 

sanatory, adj. quod alci rei mtdetur ; see 
also Salutary. 

sanctify, v.tr. (con)secrare, dedicare (—io 
consecrate), sanetificare (Eccl.). sanctiflca- 
tion.n. sanctijicatio (Eccl.). sanctimonious, 
adj. perhaps by qui se sanctissimum esse simulat. 
sanction, I. n. confirmatio,'aiictoritas, fides; 
n ith, without the — of, jussu, injvssu alcjs. II. 
v.tr. sancire, ratum facere, ration esse jubere ; see 
also Allow, sanctity, n. sanctitas (both as 
moral quality and sacredness of a thing, in 
which latter sense also caerimonia and religio). 
sanctuary, n. templum, penetralia, -ium, 
delubrum, fanum, f adytum, asylum (in the sense 
of refuge). 

sand, n. arena, sabidum (saMilo, coarse), 
saburra (for ballast), sand-bank, n. syrtis. 
sand-glass, n. clepsydra, sand heap, n. 
acervusarenae. sandstone, n. lofiis. sandy, 
adj. arenosv.s, sabulosus (=full of sand). 

sandal, n. sandalium (very rare), crepida, 

solea ; wearing — s, crcpidatus, soleatus. 

sane, adj. sanies, sanuset salens, mentis com- 
]X>s, animi integer; to be — , mentis compotnm 
esse ; not to be — , mente caption esse, mente alie- 
nari or alicnatum esse, nullius consilii esse. 
sanity, n. use adj. 

sanguinary, adj. sangninem sitiens (= 
thirsting for blood), aucntus, f sanguineus (= 
bloody) ; see Cruel, Bloody, sanguine, 
adj., sanguineness, n. see Hope, Hopeful- 
ness. 

Bap, I. n. sucus. II. v.tr. 1, =to under- 
mine, cuniculos agere ; 2, fig. corrwnpere (—to 
spoil), haurire(— to drain away), sapless, adj. 
1, lit. suco carens; 2, fig. exsucus (Quint.), sap- 
ling, n. arbor novella, sapper, n. qui cuni- 
culos agit. 

sapient, adj. sapiens, sapieniid praeditus ; 
to lie — , sapere. 

sapphire, n. sapp(li)irus (Plin.). 

sarcasm, n. facetiae acerbae or dictum acule- 
alum, sarcastic, adj. acerbus. Adv. acerbe. 

sarcophagus, n. sarcophagus (Juv.). 

sardonyx, n. sardonyx (Plin.). 

sash, n. cingulum ; sec Belt ; a — window, 
fenestra ex ligned compage confecta. 

Satan, n. Satanas, -de. Satanic, adj. see 
Devilish. 

satchel, n. pent, saeculus (Plin.). 

satellite, n. satelles, -itis, in. and f. 

satiate, v.tr. (cx)satiare, explere, saturate ; 
to — oneself with food, ciho scUiari. satia- 
tion or satiety, n. satietas, saturitas. 

satin, n. pannus serious densior ac nitens. 

satire, n. satira (satvra), carmen satiricum, 
carmen probrosum, carmen tfavwsum, carmen 
maledicens, carmen, refertum contumeliis, versus 
in alcjs cupiditatem- facti. satirical, adj. 
acerbus ; see above. Adv. acerbe. satirist, 
n. qui libclhim or libcllos ad infamiam alterius 
edit, satirarum scriptor, satirici carminis scrip- 
tor, satirize, v.tr. alqm p>erstringcre, acerbis 
facetiis alqm irridere, carmen probrosum facere 
in. alqm, carmen cal edejs infamiam edere. 

satisfaction, n. satisfactio (originally = 
payment of a creditor, then amends to any- 
one injured), exp!etio(= fulfilment), voluptas (= 
pleasure), poena (= penalty), satisfactory, 
adj. idoneus (= suitable) ; see (Joon, Excellent. 
Adv. bene, ex sentciitia. satisfy, v.tr. sutisfa- 



sat 



855 



see 



cere alci, plactre alci, ex(s)pectationem or deside- 
rium explore. 

satrap, n. satrapcs, -ae and -is, m. 

saturate, v.tr. see Soak. 

Saturday, n. * dies Satumi. 

Saturnalia, n. Saturnalia, -ium, n. 

satyr, n. satyrvs. 
- sauce, 11. jus, juris, n., embamma, -acts, n. 
(Pliu.), condimentum. — •'• • • 

saucepan, n. vat ad condimenta paranda 
accommodatum. 

saucer, n. patella; see Plate. 

saucy, adj. petulans, insolens, protervus, pro- 
cax, immodestus. Adv.- petulanler, insolenter, 
proterve, jrrocaciUr, immodeste. sauciness, n. 
impudcutia, ns inipudeus, insolentia, p rote r vitas, 
procacitas. 

saunter, v.intr. ambulare, morari; to — 
about, vagari; see Loiter. 

sausage, n. tomaculum (Juv.), farcimen, 

hillae. 

savage, adj. ferus, agrestis, iiulomitus, effera- 
tus (— wild), incultus, vastus (= waste), ferox, im- 
'uianis, saevus, trux, atrox (= cruel), incultus fe- 
rusque. Adv. ferociter, immaniter, saeve, alrociter. 
savageness, n. feritas, ferocitas, immanitas, 
saevitia^ atrocitas. 

save, I. v.tr. 1, = to preserve, (con)servare ; 
2,= to deliver, liberare, vindicare alqm ab alqd re ; 
see Free ; 3, to — money, compendium (opp. dis- 
peadium) facere ; to — time, sequi compendium 
temporis ; to — health, parcere valetudini ; to — 
labour, laborem diminuere ; God — you, sidve, 
ave, solvere te jubeo (at meeting), salve et vale 
(at parting); — d or laid by, repositus, seposi- 
tus. II. prep, and eonj. see Except, saving, 
adj. jxtrc?(S, frugi (indecl.). savings, n. quod 
alqs parsimonid collegit, p'ecidium (— the — of 
a slave ; what a father gives to sons and 
daughters), savings-bank, n. by mensa 
publica apud qiai.ni alqs pecuniam collocat. 
savingness, n. parsimonia (= sparingness), 
fntgalitas. saviour, n. (conservator, liberator; 
of Christ, Salvator (Eccl.). 

savour, I. n. sapor (= taste), odor (= smell); 
an ill — , foetor ; to be in ill — , male audiri ; 
to Vie in good — , bene audiri. II. v.tr. sapcre 
(= to have a taste), alqd rcdolere (= to smell of). 
savoury, adj. suavis. 

saw, n. = saying, dictum, verbum, vox, sen- 
tentia, proverbium. 

saw, I. n. serra ; a tooth of a — , dens serrae. 
II. v.tr. serra (dis)secare. III. v.intr. terrain 
ducire. sawdust, n. scob(i)s. sawed, adj. 
serratus. sawing, n. serratura. 

say, v.tr. diccre, (e)loqui, (e)narrare, pro- 
fiteri, fari, praedicare, asseverare ; to — that not, 
negare ; I — yes, aio, affirmo ; I — no, nego ; to 
— nut a word, tacere ; they, people — , (Mount, 
tradunt, ferunt (with accus.' and intin.), or did- 
tur, traditur, fertur (with nomin. and infln.); I 
will not — , ne dicam ; — I, inquam (so inquit, 
ait, — s he); as they, people — , ut stent, ut 
dicitur. saying, n. dictio(= act of — , and in 
Quint., the thing said), verbum, proverbium, 
lenteutia, dictum, quod aiunt, illud. 

scab, n. scabies, scabby, adj. scabiosus. 

scabbard, n. vagina. 

scaffold, n. machina, catasta (= a place 
where slaves were exposed for sale); to come 
to the — . mi mortem, duci ; see Execution. 

Scald, I. v.tr. aqua ferventi perfundcre (=to 
burn). II. ii. use verb. 

scale, I. n. 1, of a fish, squama; 2, of a 



balance, lanx ; pair of — s, libra, tridina. II. 
v.tr. to — a Ash, desquumare. Ill, v.iutr. = to 
weigh, t pendere. scaly, adj. squamosus. 

scale, I, n. 1, = gradation, gradus, -us; on 
the — of, (ad) instar alcjs rei ; on a larger, 
smaller — , major, minor, with noun ; 2, In music, 
diagramma, -dtis, n. II. v.tr. (positis scalis) 
a(d)scendere, scalas 'moenibus applicare or cid- 
movire ; see Ci.i.mu. scaling-ladder, n, 
scalac. ■■ ■ 

scallop, I. n. pecten. II. v.tr. see Scoop. 

scalp, I. n. cutis capitis, II. v.tr. cutem 
capiti dctrahire. 

scalpel, n. scalpellum. 

scamp, n. see Knave, scamper, v.intr. 
see Hurry. 

scan, v.tr. 1, inspicere, (per)scrutari, con-. 
templari ; see Examine ; 2, in prosody, pedibus' 
versu'm mctiri (Gram.), scansion, n. use verb. 

scandal, n. 1, see Discrace ; 2, see 
Slander, scandalize, v.tr. see Shock, IIor- 
rify. scandalous, adj. mali or jxssimi exem- 
pli, probrosus, lurpU ; see Disgraceful. 

scant, scanty, adj. anguslus, artus (— nar- 
row), cxigtius, jiarvus; see Small. Adv. an* 
gustc, arte, cxigue. scantiness, n. angvstiae, 
exiguitas. 

scar, n. cicatrix. 

scarce, adj. rarus, singularis. Adv. fix, 
aegre. scarcity, n. raritus, res ram, jxiucitas, 
inopia, penuria, difiicultas (e.g. = — of mouey, 
difiicultas numinaria) ; — of provisions, caritas 
(= dearth) rei frumentariae (so vini, yiummorwn). 

scare, v.tr. terrere ; see Terrify, scare- 
crow, n. pei haps formido. 

scarf, n. fascia, mitella. 

scarlet, I. adj. coccineus (Plin.). II. n. 
coccum. soarlet-fever, n. feoris (= fever). 

scathe, v.tr. = to harm, laedere, nocere, damno 
esse alci, detrimentum afferre ; of words, mordere, 
pungere; a scathing remark, verba qwisi aculei, 
verba aadeata. scatheless, adj. sine damno, 
salvus, incolumis. 

scatter, I. v.tr. 1, = to throw about, spar- 
gere, severe (= to sow, of seeds) ; 2, = to drive 
away, dispcrgere, dis(j)icere, dissiparc, dispellere, 
discutiirc, fundire (of an army). II. v.intr. dis- 
Bipari, dilabi, diffugere. 

scavenger, n. qui vicos urbis purgare solet. 

scene, n. scaena (properly = the stage ; henoe 
in scaenam prodire, in scaen/i esse, scaenam te- 
iiire = to be master or chief of the stage) ; the 
place before the — , proscaenium ; belonging to 
— s, scaenicus (used with artifices, adores, poetae): 
= place of action, locus ubi alqd agitur ; fig. res, 
spectacnlum, rerum status, -iis ; to be behind the 
— s, (dqii Ignitus novisse or exploration liabTre. 
scenery, n. 1, of a theatre, apparatus, -us, 
ad scaenam pcrtinens ; 2, = prospect, locus (or 
pi. loca). 

scent, I. n. 1, = sense of smell, odoratus, -us, 
or by nasus (nose) ; of dogs, narinm tagaatvt ; 
keen-scented, sagax ; 2, = an odour, odor, 
nidor; to get — of, alqd (e.g. niimmiuu otfacere): 
to put on the wrong — , alqm in crrorem indu- 
cers; 3, =a perfume, essence, ungventum. II. 
v.tr. = 1, to rind by — , alqm or alqd odormi (of 
dogs, etc.), olfacire; see Smell ; 2. = to perfume, 
odoribns perfundere. scent-bottle, n. arada 
(= box for scents); see Bottle, scented, adj. 
odoratus. 

sceptical, adj., sceptic, n. qui se de omni- 
bus rebus dubitare diat. scepticism, n. dubi- 
tatio de omnibus rebus. 



see 



856 



SOU 



sceptre, n. sceptrum ; to wield the — , reg- 
jiare ; see Reicn. 
schedule, n. libellus ; see List. 

Scheme, I. n. consilium, ratio ; to form B 
— , rationem inire ; see Plan. II. v.intr. see 
above anil Plan. 

schism, n. schisma, -dtis, n. (Eecl.). schis- 
matic, n. * schismaticus. 

school, I. n. 1, schola, hulus lit(t)erarum, 
ludus discendi ; to go to — to anyone, in alcjs 
scholar/lire, alcjs scholam fregutntare ; 2, Bg. 
that is a — of patience, in Me re tentatur 
patientia nostra; philosophy, the — of life, 
philosophia dux vitae, et officiorum magistra; a 
— of wisdom, sapientiae ojlicina ; 3, = body 
of disciples, schola, sccta ; = teaching, dis- 
ciplina. II. v.tr. docere ; see Teach, Train. 
school-fellow, n. condiscipulus. school- 
master, n. magister. school-mistress, n. 
magistra. scholar, n. discipulus, alumnus, 
auditor (= a listener), tiro (= a beginner) ; my 
— , alumnus disciplinae meae ; alqm magistrum. 
habere, alqm audire. scholarly, adj. eruditus. 
scholarship, n. 1, = learning, lit(t)erae, doc- 
trinu, eruditio; 2, = prize, praemium. 

science, n. scientia, notitia, cognitio (= 
knowledge), ars, doclrina, disciplina (= system 
of knowledge); the — of music, grammar, etc., 
musica, grammatical, -orum. scientific, adj. 
quod in artibus versatur; — principles, urtisprae- 
cepta; = learned or taught, doctrind eruditus. 
Adv. erudite, or by some special noun (e.g. to 
treat music — , e musicorum rationibus dis- 
serire), 

scimitar, n. oelnuces, ensis ffakatus ; sec 
Sabre. 

scintillation, n. scintilla (= spark), scin- 
tillate, V.intr, scintillate (e.g. scintillant oculi). 

sciolist, ii. snniiloctus (e.g. apud doctos et 
semidoctos ipse percwrro, Cic). 

scion, ii. 1, of plants, surculus ; 2, fig. pro- 
gi n ies. 

scissors, n. forfices (—shears, barber's — , 
Mart.), forficulae (= small shears or — , Plin.). 

scoff, I. n. ludibrium ; see Mock. II. v.tr. 
to — at anyone or anything, alqm or alqd in ludi- 
brium verierc, Indibrio habere ; to be — ed at, 
alci ludtbrio esse ; see Mock, scoffer, n. irri- 
sor ; see Mocker, scoffing, U. hidijicalio, 
cacillatio ; see Mockery. 

scold, I. v.tr. jurgare cum alga, objurgate, 
inerepare alqm. II. n. objurgator ; of a woman, 
jvrgiis addicta. Scolding, n. objurgatio, con- 
vicium. 

scoop, I. n. see Ladle. II. v.tr. (ex)ca- 
varc. 

scope, n. 1, = the purpose or drift, provo- 
Mum, consilium ; 2, = room or space, fpatium ; 
3, = liberty, copia, potestas. 

SCOrch, I. v.tr. amhnrere, adnrere, torrere, 
tOTTtfitc&re, II. v.intr. tnrrcri. aresrrre. (e.g. her- 
hie. arescunt et. interflcluntur, Cic). scorched, 
adj. torridus. scorching, adj. torridus; *pe 
Hot. 

score, I. n. 1, = account, ratio, nnmen; on 
the — of friendship, amicitiae nomine ; to pay a 
— , pecuniam solvere; to quit — s, j>ar pari re- 
ferre ; 2, in music, cantilena cum musicis nntis 
annexis ; 3, in number, vlginti, Il.v.tr.notare, 
siginne. (= to mark); see also Reckon; = to 
underscore, lineas sub rerbis ducere. 

scorn, I. n. contemptus, -us, contemplio, fas- 
tidium. II, v.tr. contemnirc, fastidire, spernere, 
aspernari. scomer, n. contemptor, animus 



contemptor. scornful, adj. fixstidiosus; see. 
also Proud, Insolent. Adv. fostidiose. 

scorpion, n. scorpio, scorpius. 

scot, n. 1, in reckoning, symbola (ante and 
post class.); 2, in law, — and lot, vectigal ; — 
lYee, immunis, inultus. 

scoundrel, n. hmna nefarius, iieipmm ; see 
Rascal. 

scour, v.tr. (ile)tergere, tergere (or tergere), 
(ex)purgare (= to cleanse); to — the land, per- 
vagari, percurrere, (de)vastare (in wai). 

scourge, I. n. = whip, flagrum, flagelliim, 
Vara, -orum ; = plague, pest is (lit. and lig.) ; 
see Plague. II, v.tr. rirgis or rerberibus 
caedere, verberare. scourging, n. by verb. 

SCOUt, n. explorator, speculator. 

SCOWl, I. v.intr. frontem contrahere, corru- 
gare. II. n. frons, -ntis, f. , asperior, vultus, -its, 
t torvus, truculentus, 

scraggy, adj. strigosus ; see Thin. 

scramble, v.tr. = for anything, alqd certa- 
tim arripere ; to — up, manibus 2*?dibusque 
a(d)scenderc. 

scrap, n. frustum, fragment um; the — s, 
frusta, rel(l)iquiae (of food, cibi). 

scrape, I. n. angustiae, di.fficultas ; to be in 
a — , in angustiis esse. II. v.tr. radere ; to — 
off, abradire, defringire ; to — together, conger- 
ere. scraper, n. ilesh — , strigil or strigilis. 

scratch, v.tr. scabere, scaljiere, fricare, ra- 
dere; to — out, delcre, 

scrawl, I. n. litter ae male factae. II. v.tr. 
= to scribble, lit(t)eris malefactis scribere. 

scream, I. n. clamor, vociferatio, ulvlatus, 
-iis ; of an infant, vagitus, -iis. II. v.intr. 
clamare, clarnitare, vociferari, ululare, vagire 
(of children). 

screech, v.intr. ululare; — owl,i(/«/n (scil. 
avis), screeching, n. ululutus, -iis. 

screen, I. n. iimbraculum (= a shady place ; a 
parasol), praesidium{=a protection). II. v.tr. 
defendere (= to ward off, e.g. defendere ardores 
solis, Cic.) ; see Protect. 

screw, I. n. cochlea (for drawing water) ; 
clavus (= nail). II. v.tr. clavis adigere alqd. 

scribe, n. scriba, m. , librarivs. 

scrip, n. see Purse, Wallet. 

scripture, n. (scuicto) scriptvra (Eccl.), 
libri divini, lit't)erae. scriptural, adj. ad 
normam librorum divinorum, libris sacris con- 
veniens. 

scrivener, n. scriba, in. ; see Xotarv. 

scrofula, n. struma, scrofulous, adj. 
slrumosus (Col.). 

scroll, n. rolumen. 

scrub, v.tr. (de)fricare, {de)tergvre, tergere 
(tergere). 

scruple, I. n. 1, as a weight, tempuhtm ; 
2, = hesitation' or difficulty, dubitati'o, haesita- 
Ho, ennctatio, religio, scrvimlus. II. v.intr. ani- 
inn haerere, haesitare, suspenso esse animo : to — 
to, dubitare with intin. ; not to — , von dubiUtre 
quin ; see Hesitate; in stricter sense religione 
acmetu teneri, religione district urn esse, alqd reli- 
gion* habere ; he — s to, religio ei obstat ne. 
scrupulous, adj. religiosvs, sol(l)ieitus, an- 
xius, accuratus, diligena. Adv. religiose, anxie, 
accurate, diligenter, or sometimes by super], (e.g. 
— clean, mvndissimui). 

scrutiny, n. scrutatio. scrutineer, n. 
scrutator. scrutinize, v.tr. scrutari; see 
Examine. 

scud, v.intr. see Hasten. 



8CU 



857 



sed 



scuffle, n. rixa. 

scull, I. n. (of the head) calvuria (Plin.) ; 
s=an nar, reunite, palma. II. v.intr. remigare. 
sculler, n. remex. 

scullery, n. culina (= kitchen), scullion, 
n. puer culiuarius. 

sculpture, I. n. 1, ars fingendi (as a 
science), scalptura, sculptura (for distinction 
see Smith's "Diet. Antiq.," art. Scalptura); 2,= 
work carved, ojms, -eris, n., signum, marnior. 
II, ir.tr. = to work in statuary, scalpere, scul- 
pere. sculptor, n. sculptor, statuarum artij'cx. 

scum, n. 1, spuma ( = foam ; so of silver, 
Plin.), scoria (Plin., = — of metals) ; 2, fig. /act, 
seutinu (reipublicae, etc.). 

scurf, n. furfur, furfures (Plin.), porrigo. 
scurfy, adj. porriginosus (Plin.). 

scurrilous, adj. contumeliosus, probrosus, 
scurrilis. Adv. contumeliose, scurriliter (Plin.). 
scurrility, n. contumelia (or in pi.), scurrlli- 
fas (Quint.). 

scurvy, I. n. by ulcus, -eris, n. II. adj. 
humilis, ignobilis, obscurus, infimus. 

scutcheon, n. insigne (or in pL). 

scuttle, n. area, cista (= box). 

scuttle, v.tr. and intr. navem perforare. 

scythe, n. falx. 

sea, I. n. mare (in gen.), oceanus, pelagus, -i, 
n., pontus, t aequor ; the high — , altum (= the 
"deep''); the open — , solum; the Mediterra- 
nean — , Mare Magnum, * Mare Mediterranean ; 
the Black — , Pontus (Euxinus) ; the Adriatic 
— , Adriaticum ; the Red — , Sinus Arabicus ; 
the Dead — , Lacus Asphaltites ; lying on or near 
the — , maritimus ; beyond the — , trans mar inns; 
an arm of the — , aesluarium ; — breeze, afflatus, 
•us, maritimus (Plin.) ; — calf, phoca; — coast, 
ora(maritima); —- -faring, maritimus ; — fight, 
pugna navalis ; — girt, circumfiuus ; — green, 
t thalassinus, thalassicus (Plaut.) ; — gull, 
* larus (Linn.); — man, 'uauta ; — manship, ars 
navigandi; — sand, arena (nmritima) ; — sick- 
ness, nausea; — water, aqua marina (Plin.); 

weed, alga. II. adj. viarinus, maritimus, 

(maritu-). 

seal, I. n. signum. II. v.tr. (con)signare, 
obsignare alqd; — ing-wax, cera. 

seal, n. (an animal) phoca. 

seam, n. sutura. seamstress, n. quae 
uai viclum quaeritat. 

sear, I. adj. aridus (=dry), serus (= late). 
II. v.tr. arefacere (ante and post class., = to 
dry), (ad)urcre (= to burn). 

search, I. n. indagatio, investigate, inqui- 
silio, exploratio, inspectio. II. v.tr. investigare, 
inquirere, explorare, indagare, scruturi, quaerere, 
(ex)j>etere, sequi, persequi, sectari, capture, aucu- 
pari, studire rei; see Seek. 

season, I. n. (e.g. ainii, of the year) tempus, 
tempestas (= time), occasio, oppm'tunitas, locus 
(= occasion). II. v.tr. conclire. seasonable, 
adj. tempestivus, opportunus, ad tempus. Adv. 
tempestive, opportune; not — , non opportune, 
ulieiw tempore, seasoning, n. condimentum 
(,— the material employed), conditio (— the 
act). 

seat, I. n. sella, sedile, cathedra ( = chair) ; 
— at the theatre, etc., subsellia ; — dwelling, 
domicilium, sedes, -is; to have a — in the royal 
council, omnibus consiliis principis intcresse ; to 
put a — for anyone, scllam alci apjionere. II. 
(or set), v.tr. pnnere, statucre, collocare, consti- 
tute ; to — yourself, considcre, assidire, sub- 
sidere; to — yourself on, assidire in re; to 
^- yonrself on horseback, conscendjirc equina; 



see Set. III. (to be seated or to sit), 

v.intr. sedere; to be — on anything, sedere in 
re ; to be — on the soil, humo sedere ; to he — 
in school, (» schold sedere. seated, adj. = 
rested, penitus dejixus, inveterutus. 

Secede, v.intr. abire, decedere, secede re (e.g. 
secedant improbi, Cic. ; tecedere in sacrum montem, 
Liv.); so as to take up another opinion, sect- 
dere et alia parte considers (Sen.), or by senten- 
Nam miliars, seceder, u. transfuga, in. se- 
cession, n. secessio. 

seclude, v.tr. sccludere, segregare, removire, 
exdudcre, cximere, cic.ipcre. secluded, adj. 
see Lonely, seclusion, n. soliludo; a life of 
— , into umbratilis. 

second, I. adj. sccundus, alter (e.g. — father, 
oiler parens); in the first place, in the — , jn-im- 
■ um, deinde. Adv. sccunae, delude. II. n. 1, 
in a tight, qui alci adest; 2, of time, momentum 
(lemporis). III. v.tr. 1, = to support, alci 
adesse, axixilio esse, subvenire; 2, = to help, 
adjuvare ; see Help; 3, to — a motion, in 
akjs sentetitiam dicere ; alci adesse. second- 
ary, adj- seeu ndarius (in rank or position), in- 
ferior, minoris momenti. seconder, n. snosor 
(e.g. legis). second-hand, adj. usu inferior 
factus. second-rate, adj. inferior, second- 
sight, n. praesagitio. 

secrecy, u. perhaps taciturnitas (= strict 
silence), or solitudo(= solitude); to keep any- 
thing in — , rem occultam or abditam or secretam, 
luibere. 

secret, I. adj. 1, = hidden, arcanvs (of 
plans, etc.), secretus, abditus, teclvs, occultus, 
absconditus, latens (all of places, etc.) ; 2, = 
furtive, clandestinus, furtivus. Adv. clam,furlim, 
secreto, in occulto, occulte. II. n. res occulta or 
arcana, in pi. arcaha, -orum ; mysterium (e.g. 
epistulae nostrac tantum habent viysteriorum, 
Cic). secrete, v.tr. see Hide, secretion, 
n. excrementum (Plin.). 

secretary, n. scriba, m. secretaryship, 
n. scribae munus, -eris. 

sect, n. secta, schola, disciplina. sectary, 
sectarian, n. homo sectae studiosvs. 

section, n. ims, portio. 

secular, adj. saecularis (= occurring every 
age, alsoEccl. = temporal, for which in gen. use 
civilii). secularize, v.tr. profanum facers, 
or «d profanum usum redigcre, exaugumre (of a 
temple, or anything consecrated). 

secure, I. adj. 1, = careless, securus (i.e. 
suit; curd), incautus; to be — or free from care 
about anything, alqd non timire ; 2, = safe, 
tutus; see Sake. Adv. secure, incaute, tuto. 
II. v.tr. 1, = to make safe, tutum reddcre ; see 
Preserve; 2, = to strengthen, conjirnuire ; 3, 
— to tie up, etc., see Fasten ; 4, = to arrest; 
see Seize, security, n. 1. = safety, salus, 
■■utis, f., incolumitas; see Safety ; 2, = pledge, 
pignits, -eris, n.. caulw, satisdatio, i\ulimonium 
(= bail) ; to gi\ e — , satis dare, caiere. 

sedan, n. lectlca. 

sedate, adj. sedatus, placidus, gravis; to be 
— , ijuictuin esse, aninw esse trampiillo. Adv. 
sedate, placide, graviter. sodateness, n. 
gravitas. sedative, n. tedatio (e.g. am'mi), of 
a medicine, medicina quae dolorem com;* l 

sedentary, adj. sedentarius; see Seat, 
Sit. 

sedge, n. ulva. sedgy, adj. ulvis ohluctus. 

sediment, n. facx, scdimentum (Plin.). 

sedition, n. seditio; to raise—, seditionem 
coneitare, concire or conflare ; tu put down — , 
seditionem sedare or com}K)}iire, seditious, 
adj, scditiosus; sge RfiHRI.WOUs, Adv. stditiose. 



sed. 



S5S. 



sen 



Seduce, v.tr. 1, = to lead astray, a recta vid 
fibducere, corrumpcre, sol(l)icitare (=to tamper 
with), in errorem induccre ; see Pervert ; 2, to 
— a woman, stuprum cum alqd, or alci facer e. se- 
ducer, n. corruptor, or by verb, seduction, 
ii. stuprum, corruptcla (of women, etc) ; = 
charm, illectbrae, lepos. seductive, adj. = 
pleasant, nmocmis, qui (quae, quod) ttlqm corrum- 
2'it, etc. 

sedulous, adj. sedulus, assiduus, industrius, 
acer, diligens, accuratus. Adv. sedulo, assidue, 
industrie,acritcr (= eagerly); diligentcr, accurate. 
sedulity, n. sedulitas, assiduitas, industria, 
diligentia. 

see, ii. bishop's — , * diocesis. 

see, I. v.tr. videre, cerneri, a(d)spicere, con- 
spicere, spectare, intellegere (= to understand); 
to — anything from, cognoscere or intellegere alqd 
ex re ; to let a person — , ostendcre alqd, se osten- 
dere, conspici ; not to let oneself be — n in pub- 
lic, in publicum, non prodire ; = to understand, 
perspicere, 'intellegere. II. v.intr. = to have 
the faculty of sight, videre, cernere; to — 
further (in mind), plus videre ; to — to, alci rei 
prospicere, consulere (or ut, ne). seeing that, 
conj. see Since, seer, n. votes, -is. 

seed, n. semen ; to run to — , in semen exire 
(Plin.) ; lig. semen, stirps. seed- plot, n. 
seminarium, lit. and fig. seed-time, n. sc- 
menlis. seedling, n. arbor novella. 

seek, v.tr. quaerere, petere, (investigate, in- 
dagare ; to — to do, studere, cupere, operam 
dare ut, etc. ; to — out, exquirere ; = to en- 
deavour, conari ; to — a person's ruin, alci 
insidias struere or parare. seeker, n. indaga- 
tor, investigator, seeking, n. indagatio, in- 
vest igatio. 

seem, v.intr. vide,ri, used personally, e.g. 
it — s that yon are good, videris bonus; to — 
good, fit, videri (e.g. earn quoque, si videtur, cor- 
rcctionem explicabo). seeming, I. n. species. 
II. adj. fictus, speciosus, falsus. Adv. in speciem, 
specie, ut videtur. seemly, adj. deceits, dceorus, 
honestus; not — , indecens, indecorus ; it is — , 
decet; it is not — , dedecet, non decet, indecorum 
est. 

seethe, v.tr. coqucre ; sec Boic. 

segment, u. tegmentum (Plin.). 

segregate, v.tr. segregare, scponere, se- 
inocere, removire, sejungere. segregation, n. 
segregatio, sejunctio. 

seignior, n. dominus ; see Lord. 

seize, v.tr. (ap)prehendfre, comprehendere (= 
to arrest), rapere, arripcre, corripere; = to fall 
on and take, occupare, Invadere ; to be — d by ill- 
ness, morbo affici ; to be — d with fear, timore 
percelli : to be — d with anger, ira incendi. sei- 
zure, n. comprehensio ; of illness, tentotio. 

seldom, adv. raro. ■ ■ 

select, I. v.tr. legere, eligcre, dcligire; see 
Choose. II. adj. delectus. selection, n. 
electio, delectus, -Us, optio (= choice) ; =a number 
chosen, res selectae ; — of passages, celoga. 

self, pron. se, ipse, ipse se ; I my — , egomet (so 
{life, ipsemet) ; of him — , sudmet sponte ; we our- 
selves, nns ipsi, nosmet, nosmct ipsi; by one— , 
solus; he is beside him — , menle est rapt us ; — 
command, imperium sui, moderotio, contincntia ; 
to possess — command, in se ipsum habere potrs. 
tatem ; — -deceit, error; — denial, animi mode- 
ratio, temper antia ; — destruction, mors volun- 
taria : to be guilty of — destruction, manus sibi 
inferre; — evident, (quasi) ante octdos positus ; by 
— exertion, sud ipsius manu ; — love, amor sui ; 
to have — love, se ipsum amare ; — preservation, 
tuitio sin', corporis nostri tvHa ; — .seeking, ne 



piditas. selfish, adj. and adv. suarum rerum 
cupidus. selfishness, n. cupiditus mca (tua, 
etc.), privatae utilitatisshidium, avaritia. self- 
Willed, adj. suae opinioni addictus, pertinax; 
see Obstinate. 

sell, v.tr. vendere, direndere (by retail), ven- 
ditors (=: to live by selling), venundare (venum 
dare); to be sold, vendi, venire, rcnvm ire ; to 
— yourself, se vendita.re, se vendere alci (= to 
take a bribe), pecuniam accipere db ah/a; to — 
at a dear rate, vendere alqd alci grandi prelio ;• 
he — s cheaper than others, vendit minoris quam 
alii ; how much do you — that for 1 hoc quanti 
vendis ? seller, n. venditor, institor, negotiator, 
vundinator, mercalor, propola. selling, n. 
venditio ; see Sale, Auction. 

semblance, n. species, imago ; see Appear- 
ance. 

semicircle, n. hemicyclium. semicir- 
cular, adj. by noun. 

seminary, n. schola (— school), seminarium 
(— seed-plot, fig.). 

senate, n. senatus, -iis. senate-house, 
n. curia, senator, n. senator, senatorial, 
adj. sciiatorins. 

send, v.tr. mittere, legare, ablegare, amandare ; 
to — across, transmittere ; to — away, ablegare, 
amandare, rclegare, dimittere ; to — back to, ? - e- 
mittcre ; to — for, arcessere, (ac)cire ; to — out, 
edere, emittere; to — for soldiers from their 
winter quarters, milites ex liibernis evocare; to — 
forward, praemitlere; I have nobody to — , ne- 
wiiicTii Iw.beo quern miltam ; to — us word with 
all speed, fac nos quam diligentissime cerliores 
(Com.) ; God — him health, salvos Deum (piaeso 
ut sit (Com.). 

senior, adj. prior, superior, grandior (nalu, 
= older), major (natu) ; to be a person's — , alci 
aetatc anteirc, antecedire. seniority, n. by adj. 

sensation, n. 1, = a feeling, sensus, -iis, or 
by some special noun (e.g. — of pain, dolor ; — 
of joy, gaudium) ; to have no — , ohdi! sensu 
carcre, nihil sentire ; 2, = an excitement, per- 
haps (animi) commotio ; to make a — , edei ad-, 
mirationem movere. sensational, adj. miri- 
Jicus, mints, admirabilis. Adv. mire, mirifice, 
admirabiliter. sense, n. 1, sensus, -iis (= 
the faculty, properly of feeling, that is fa- 
cultas or vis sentiendi); — of sight, sensus 
videndi or visits; the — s, sensus; — of 
taste, gustatus, -us; — of hearing, ctuditus, 
■ iis; — of smell, odoratus, -us; 2, = mental or 
moral feeling, judicium, conseientia, prudentia, 
sapientia; 3, = faculty of will, mens, voluntas; 
4, = meaning (of a word), vis, significatio, sen- 
tentia ; to ascribe a — to a word, verbo notionem 
sul>(S)kere. senseless, adj. 1, lit. (omni) 
sensu cairns; 2, rationis expers; see Foolish, 
Mad. sensible or sensuous, adj. 1, quod 
sensibus percipi potest, sub sensus cadens, per- 
spicuus, evidens; 2, = having sound or gi od 
sense, e.g. a — man, animus or homo sapiens, 
prudens; Adv. ita ut sentiri possit, sapienter, 
prudenter. sensitive, adj. 1, = Sensible, I. ; 
2, fig. of quick feeling, perhaps acer (= eager), 
anxius, sol(l)idtus (= anxious), accuratus, dili- 
gens (= scrupulous, i.e. in discharge of duty), 
truer (= delicate), sensitiveness or sen- 
sibility, n. 1, physical, qui alqd facile sen- 
tit ; 2, moral, anxietas, sol(l)icitndo, diligen- 
tia, or by adj. sensitive-plant, n. aeschy- 
nomene (Plin.). sensual, adj. cupiditatibus 
serniens, libidinosus. Adv. libidinose, sensu- 
ality, n. libido; see Lust, sentient, adj. 
see Sensible, 1. 

sentence, I. n. 1, = logical statement, sen- 
tentia, (lit. — opinion ; then also the words in 



sen 



859 



sex 



Which it is expressed) ; 2, = a judicial decision, 
judicium, decretum, sententia ; to pronounce — , 
sententiam fcrre de alqo, sententiam pronuntiare, 
alqm damtiare, rondemnare, judicium facere de 
re, de aim. II. v.tr. see above, senten- 
tious, adj. vcrbosus (= prolix), scntuitiosus {— 
pithy), opinionibus injlaius (= conceited). Adv. 
verbose, scntentiose. 

sentiment, n. 1,= opinion, sententia, opinio, 
judicium ; see Thought ; 2, = feeling, sensus, -iis, 
animus; a pleasurable — , voluptas; au unplea- 
sant — , dolor ; to have a — , sentire alqd ; with- 
out — , senxu carens. sentimental, adj. mol- 
lis, effeminatus, comb, mollis ac effeminatus. 

sentinel or sentry, n. excubitor, vigil, 

statio, miles slationarius ; to stand — , excubias 
or vigilias agere, in statione esse; to place—, 
statio7ies disponere ; to relieve — , in stationem 
tsuccedere; see Guard. 

separable, adj. separabilis, dividuus, qui 
{quae, quod) separari potest, separate, I. v.tr. 
separare, scjungcre, disjungcre, seccrnerc, dixoer- 
■nere, dividere; we are — d by a great distance, 
inagno locorum iiitervallo disjnncti sumus. II. 
adj. and adv. separatus, etc., or by proprius, 
suits, viritim, separatim (e.g. each had Ids — 
place, stationem propriam or suam habuit; sta- 
tiones viritim datae sunt), separation, n. 
sejxtratio, disjuuetio. separatist, n. gut a 
jniblicis eccle&iae ritibus secedit. 

September, n. (mensis) September. 

septennial, adj. qui {quae, quod) septimo 
quoque anno fit. 

sepulchre, n. scpulcQi)rw,n. sepulchral, 
adj. scpulc{h)ralis. sepulture, n. sepvltura, 
f units, ex{s)equiae (= rites of burial). 

sequel, n. quod scquitur, eventus, -us, exitus, 
•its. sequence, n. ordo, series. 

seraph, n. semphus (Eccl.). 

serenade, I. v.tr. alqm concentu honorare. 
II. n. concent us, -us {node /actus). 

serene, adj. 1, see Clear ; 2, see Tranquil. 

serf, n. servus. serfdom, n. servitus, 
•iitis, f. 

serge, n. pannus. 

serious, adj. 1, = grave, serins (of tilings), 
gravis, severws, austerus, tristis (= sad); 2,= 
important, magni or maximi momenti. Adv. 
graviler, severe, triste. seriousness, n. 1, 
gravitas (= moral weight), severitas, trislitia 
{= sadness) ; 2, see Importance. 

sermon, n. * contio, or oratio de rebus divi- 
nis facta. 

serpent, n. serpens; see Snake. 

serried, adj. densus, conferlus. 

serve, v.tr. 1, = to do or render service to, 
servire alci, deservire alci, operam alci navare or 
pracstare; 2, = to wait at table, famulari,ancil- 
lari (ante and post class.), ministrare ; to — 
meat, inferre cibos, instrucre mensamcibis ; to — 
wine to the company, praebere pocula convivis ; 
to — as a soldier, mcreri, slipcndiafaccrc, mililare; 
to — under, sub ducemereri; to — God, Deum 
colerej = to beuefit, ad alqm or alci conducere, 
proficcrc. servant, n. servus, famulus, vcrna{= 
slave), ancilla (= a waiting-woman), assecla (con- 
temptuous term), minister, mancipium { = bought 
slave), pedis{s)cquus (= a footman), servitium (col- 
lective term, = slaves), puer. service, n. opera, 
servitium, ministcrium, obsequium, officium, 6b- 
servantia, cxdtus, -us ; — of God, eultus Da, pittas 
erga Dciim; to confer a — or kindness on a 
person, in alqm officio, conferre. serviceable, 
adj. opport units, vtilis, aptus rci or ad rem, ad 
ysiim eomiiaratus, aecommodatvs ; sec Useful 



servile, adj. 1, senilis ; 2, flg. see Abject, 
Low, Mean, servility, n. adulatio; see also 
Meanness, servitude, u. serviludo, servitium, 
tervitus, -utis, f. ; to free anyone from — , in libet- 
tatem alqm vindicarc, servitute alqm eximire. 

session, n. — of Parliament, senatus, -is 
(e.g. during a — , cum sciuitus habetur). ses- 
sions, n. pi. ciu/i de alqd re quaeritur. 

set, I. v.tr. 1, = to place {im)poncre, statuire, 
sistire ; 2, = to plant, serere (e.g. arCorcs ; see 
Plant) ; to — in order, parare {= to prepare) ; see 
Arrange; to — jewels, \auro includere; to — 
about, incipere; see Begin ; to— anyone against 
'another, inimicitias inter alqos serere ; to — apart, 
seponere; to — aside, see Reject ; to — forth, ex- 
ponerc {— to expose for sale, etc., and explain) ; 
to — on, see Incite ; to — on fire, incendire (lit. 
and fig.) ; to — over, alci {rei) praeficere. II. 
v.intr. of the sun, etc., oceid«rt; ; to — out, pro- 
Jicisci; to — forward, see Promote ; to — off, see 
Emuellish ; to be — over, praecsse ; to — up, see 
Erect, Appoint. III. adj. status, constitute 
(= settled), praescriptus {— prescribed) ; a — 
speech, oratio; of — purpose, consulto. IV. n. 
see Number, Collection, Company, settee, 
n. lectulus. setting, n. ocoasus, -us (e.g. solis). 
settle, I. v.tr. 1, = to fix or determine, 
statuire, constitucre, definire; 2, = to fix your 
abode in, sedem et domicilium collocare alqo loco ; 
3, = to put an end to, dirimcre (e.g. jurgium or 
iras, a dispute, quarrel; so with controi\rsiom, 
pradium, bellvm); to — accounts, rationes con- 
Jicire; to — a debt, etc., solvere, expedire; 4, = to 
put in order, e.g. to — the State, rcmpublicam 
componi-re. II. v.intr. 1, considers, consistere, 
sedem habere, se collocare; 2, see Sink; 3, see 
Alight, settlement, n. constitute; — of a 
daughter, filiac collocatio ; = agreement, pactum, 
foedus, -cris, n. ; =ofa colony, coloniae deduc- 
tio ; = fixed abode, domicilium, aedes, -ium (of 
private persons), colonia{— colony); = of a debt, 
use verb, settler, n. advena, m. and f.,colouus. 
seven, adj. septem, septeni, -ae, -a(= — cacli/ - , 
of — years, septennis, Sfplem annorum ; — years 
old, septem annus nutus; — times, septU{n)s. 
seventh, adj. septimus, seventhly, adv. 
septimum. seventeen, adj. septemdeeim, de- 
cern et septem or decern sejJem or septem et decern, 
sqiteni deni ( — each); — times, sej>tie{n)s de- 
cic{n)s. seventeenth, adj. septimus decimus. 
seventy, adj. septuaginia, scptuugeni {= — 
each); — letters, septuagenae lit{t)erae, not sep- 
tuaginia (i.e. — alphabetical letters); — times, 
septuagie{n)s. seventieth, adj. septuagesimus ; 
the — time, septuugesimum. 

sever, v.tr. dividere, dirimcre, separare, seccr- 
ncre, disjungere. 

several, adj. nonnulll, plvres, aliquot. Adv. 
by unusquisgue, or by si(n)gilhuim ; — may also 
be rendered with the aid of the distributive 
numerals (e.g. uxores habent deni duodcnupie 
inter se communes, = sets of ten or twelve have 
— wives in common), also by quisque (e.g. provi 
quisque monitione indigcrent, as they — required 
admonition), and lastly by singuli (e.g. duodena 
describit in singulos homines jugera, he allotted 
to the men — twelve acres), so too viritim. 

severe, adj. sevcrus, austerus, durus, accrbus 
(the two last of winter, also in gen.), gravis. 
Adv. severe, rigide, austere, dure, duritcr, acerbe, 
graviler, severity, n. severitas, gravitas (of 
climate and in gen.), duritia. 
sew, v.tr. suere. sewing, n. suendi ars. 
sewer, n. cloaca. 

sex, n. sexus, -iis; male — , virilis sexvs ; 
female — , muliebris sexus. sexual, adj. quod 
ad strum pertinrt ; — intercourse, coitus, -iis. 



sex 



860 



she 



sexagenarian, adj. sexagenarius ; see 
Sixty. 

sfxton, n. aedituus. 

Shabby, adj. 1, obsoletus, sordidus (e.g. amic- 
tus, homo); 2, Hg. see Mean, shabbiness, n. 
1, use adj.; 2, sordes, -ium (of conduct). 

shackles, n. vinculo, catenae, compedcs, -inn,; 

— for the feet, pedicae ; for the liands, manicae. 
shackle, v.tr. vinculiscolligere, catenisvincire; 
llg. impedire, impcdimento esse. 

shade, I. n, umbra; in the — , in umbrd; 
under the — , sub umbrd ; to be afraid of — s, 
umbras timer e; fig. "shadow," = a mere ap- 
pearance or pretext, umbra (e.g. glnriae, liber- 
talis, honoris; sub umbrd foederis aequi serritu- 
tem pati); umbra also = — ill painting (opp. 
lumen); farther, a person's shadow or companion 
is in Latin umbra, " shade," = ghosts, +«m- 
brae; in pi., manes. II. v.tr. \umbrare; see 
Darken, shady, adj. vmbrosus, opacus (— 
dark) Shadow, I. n. umbra. II. v.tr. see 
Shade, II. shadowy, adj. 1, = Shady ; 2, 
see Vain, Unreal. 

shaft, n. 1, = arrow, sagitta ; 2, = handle, 
hostile; 3, in architecture, trunevs ; 4, of a 
carriage, temo ( = pole), or by lora (= reins) ; of a 
mine, etc., puteus (Plin.). 

shake, I. v.tr. quatcre, tremefacere, labtfac- 
tare, quassare (= to — often) ; to — hands, jun- 
gere dextras; they — the foundations, hibefactant 
fundamenta reipublicae ; to — off, excutere. II. 
v.intr. qnassari, agitari, tremere. shaking, n. 
quassatio (in act. sense), tremor (in pass, sense). 

shallow, I. adj. tenuis; — s or shoals, vada< 
•orum, pi. J full of — s, vadosus ; llg. 2«nnii sub' 
tilis, II. n. vadutn. 

sham, I. ii. fallacia, dolus ; without — , sine 
fuco ac fallaciis. II. v.intr. simulare (to pre- 
tend) ; see Feion, Pretend, sham-fight, n. 
simulacrum pug nae ; see Review. 

shambles, n. laniena. 

shame, I. n. 1, = modesty, pudor, verecv-n- 
dia, comb, pudor et verecundia ; pudieitia, comb. 
pudor et pudieitia; to have lost the sense of — , 
pudorem posuisse ; he who has lost bis sense of 
— , pudoris oblitus; 2, = moral turpitude, twr- 
pitvdo (baseness), ignominia, comb, ignominia 
et lurpitudo; infamia, comb, turpitudo et in- 
famia ; dedecus, -oris, n., comb, ignominia et 
dedeens, dedecus et infamia, macula (= a spot or 
brand) et dedecus; probrum, comb, probrum et 
dedecus ; flagitium(=za crime), comb, flagitium ct 
dedecus; to our — , cum, nostro dedecore ; — 1 
proh pudor! o indignum facinns ! it is a — to 
say that, hoc est turpe dictu. II. v.tr. pudore, 
etc., alqm afficere. shamefaced, adj. see 
Modest, shameful, adj. turpis, foedus (in 
gen.), obscenus (= obscene), ignominiosus, pro- 
orosus, inhonestus (= dishonourable), flayiliosus, 
nefarius (= criminal). Adv. turpiter, fuede, obs- 
cene, ignominiose, inhoneste, flagitiose, nefarie. 
Shamefulness, n. turpitudo, foeditas, obsce- 
nitas, ignominia. shameless, adj. impudens, 
impudievs (= unchaste), inverecundus ; a — (or 
brazen) face, os impvdens (so durum, fcrreum). 
Adv. impudenter. shamelessness, n. impu- 
dentia, impudicitia. 

Shank, n. cms, rruris, n., tibia. 
' Shape, I. n. forma, figura, species ; to give 

— to, formare, fingere alqd. II. v.tr. (cou)for- 
mare, figurare, fingere, alqd in formam rei ntli- 
gere ; to — itself differently, mutari. shape- 
less, adj. informis, defnrmis. Shapely, adj. 
formusus. shapeliness, n. see Beautv. 
Shaping, n. (cori)Jormatio. 

Share, I, n. 1, pars, portio, sors; g, of a 



plough, vomer. II. v.tr. partiri (e.g. partiuntur- 
interse; so partiri praedam in socios, bona cum 
alqo, curas aim alqo, copias inter sc), sortiri, 
dare (e.g. perinde ut cuique data sunt), dividcre 
(e.g. dividere equitation in omnes partes), alqd 
cum alqo communicare. sharer, n. parilceps, 
socius, consors; in a tiling, ulcjs rei. 

shark, n. pristis; spelling also p(r)ist(r}is, 
p(r)ist(r)ix. 

sharp, adj. 1, lit. acutus; — to the taste, 
acutus, accr, acerbum; 2, fig. = working strongly 
on the feelings, acer, accrbus, severus ; there is 

— lighting, acritcr pugnatur ; 3, = penetrating, 
acutus, sagax; — eyes, oculi acuti ; — nose, 
Basils sagax; 4, of mental faculties, acer, acutus, 
subtilis (e.g. ingenium acre); 5, of words, iracun- 
dtts, mordax(= biting), severus, gravis ( = severe) ; 

— witted, perspicax, sagax. Adv. acute, acriter, 
sagaciter, subtiliter (= wisely), iracunde, severe, 
graviter(= severely), sharpen, v.tr. (ex)acvere 
(lit. and tig.), sharper, n. veterator, fravda- 
tor, praestigiator. sharpness, n. 1, of edge, 
by adj., acutus; 2, fig. sevcritas ; see Stern- 
ness; 3, — of intellect, (ingenii) actus, -us, f., 
acumen, ingenium acutum, perspicacilas, sub- 
tilitas. 

Shatter, v.tr. 1, frangere, confringar, dif- 
fringere, discutere, elidere, quassare ; 2, tig. 
frangere, quassare. 

shave, v.tr. {ab)radire, barbam alcjs tondere 
(=to clip); to get — d, tonderi. shavings, 
n. scob(i)s (=sawdust), assulae, scftirf£a«(=chips). 

shawl, n. see Mantle. 

she, as a personal pronoun, is expressed only 
when emphasis requires it (e.g. ilia, ista, haec, 
ea); as an adjective, is expressed by the feminine 
(e.g. a — friend, arnica; a — wolf, lupa). 

sheaf, n. manipulus (= a handful), fiiscis. 

shear, v.tr. tondere (e.g. ores), shearer, n. 
qui londct. shearing, n. tonsura. shears, 
n. forjices (Mart.). 

Sheath, n. vagina; to draw a sword from 
its — , gladium e vagina educere. sheathe, 
v.tr. in. vagiuam recondcre. 

shed, n. tugurium, taberna ; as military 
term, pluteus, vinea. 

shed, v.tr. (dif)fundcre, effundere, profun- 
derc; to — tears, lacrimas profundcre, lacrimare; 
to — blood, see Kill, sbedding, u. effnsio, 
profusio ; — of tears, fletus, -us ; — of blood, 
cedes, -is; — of leaves, by decidere. 

sheep, ri. oris (5V«). sheep-fold, n. ori7e. 
sheepish, adj. insidsus; see Stupid; a — 
fellow, ovis (Plaut). sheepishneas, n. insul- 
sites, nimia verecundia. shepherd, n. pastor. 

sheer, adj. 1, see Steep ; 2, merits; —folly, 
mera or maxima stultitia. 

sheet, n. 1, ofabed, lodix (= blanket, Juv.); 
2, a — of paper, scheda, sc{h)ida, schedula, pin- 
guid (Plin.) ; 3, a — of lead, (plumbi) lamina; ' 
4, of a sail, pes. sheet-anchor, n. ancora. 
sheet-lightning, n. fulgur, fulmen. 

shelf, n. pluteus (Jnv.), pegma, -atls, n. 

Shell, n. testa, concha (of fish), pntamen, 
cortex (of fruit, etc.). shell-fish, n. concha, 
conchylium. 

shelter, I. n. 1, = covering, teg(ipnen; 2, 
= protection, per fug ium, asylum, patrocinium, 
defensio. II. v.tr. 1, tegere, defetulere ; 2, tnUiri 
alqm, defentlire, auctoritate tueri, in simm fidem 
et clientclam suseipere, protegere, reception tutum, 
pruebere alci ; see Protect. 

shelving, adj. declivis ; see Slopino. 

Shepherd, n, see under Sheep. 



slie 



8G1 



ahr 



sheriff, 11. perhaps by praetor, in medieval 

Latin by * vicecomcs or gerae/a. 

shew, v.tr. = to bring forward, edcrc, osten- 
dere, explicare ; — to prove or explain, demon- 
slrurc, dedarare, ostendere, exponere, narrare; to 
— mercy, alci miser icordiam impertiri. 

shield, I. n. 1, scutum, clipeus, parma, jwltu, 
ancile (esp. of the sacred — which fell from 
heaven); a — bearer, armiger ; 2, lig. see Pro- 
tection. II. v.tr. scuto defendire, clipeo prote- 
gere ; to — from danger, a perieulo defcndcrc; 
see Protect. 

shift, I. n. 1, = refuge or resource, effugium, 
ambages, -um,remedium, ratio, consilium, latcbra; 
a dishonest —,/raus, doli (pi.), ambages; every- 
one made — for himself, sibi qnisque consulebat ; 
2, = an nnder-garment, tunica intefiila. II. 
v.tr. = to change, (pcr)mutare ; to — one's 
clothes, mutare vest em ; to — off, eluderc, evitare, 
subterfug'ere ; see Change, shifty, adj. 1, see 
Cunning ; 2, see Changeable. 

shilling, u. quadraginta octo asses. 

shin, ii. tibia, crus, cruris, n. 

Shine, v.intr. (col)lncere, splendere, fulgere, 
nitcre, micare ( = to glitter) ; to — forth, sincere, 
tffulgere ; to — upon, alci affulgere ; it — s with a 
borrowed light, luce lucet alieiui. 

ship, I. n. navis, navigiwn (used of smaller 
vessels), navis longtt or rostrata (= a — of war), 
(navis) bireviis( = — having two banks of oars, so 
triremis, quadremis, quiuqueremis, having three, 
four, five), naois praedatoria or pirutica (== a pi- 
rate vessel) ; belonging to a — , navalis, nnuticus ; 
shipping, naves, pi. ; — wreck, iiavfrugivm ; 
one who has suffered — wreck, iiu u/ragns ; to 
suffer —wreck, naufragiwm facere; a — 's 
captain", navarchus; a — owner, navieularlus 
(who lets out — s) ; — 's crew, remigium classi- 
cique militcs ; master of a — , magister. II, v.tr. 
in navem (naves) importers. 
Shire, n, provincial; agcr, * comitatns. 
shirt, ii. snbitcula. 

Shiver, I. v.tr. = to break in pieces, fran- 
gere, confringcre, diffriugcre, clidere. II. v.intr. 
= to tremble, trcmere (with fear), algere(— to be 
cold). 

shoal, n. 1, vadum, vada, pi. ; see Shallow ; 
2, = a large quantity or number, turba, grex, 
cater va. 

Shock, I. n. 1, in battle, etc., impetus, con- 
cursus, cougressus, all -us; to bear the — , sns- 
tinere impetum; at the first — , ad primnm 
impetum; 2, fig. of the feelings, etc., offensio; sec 
Offence; 3, of corn, frumenti manipnlorvm 
acervus. II. v.tr. offendcre, commovere ; to be 
— ed, commoveri. shocking, adj. ijnod offen- 
sioni est, quod offensionemhabel or affert, odiosus; 
a — life, vita turpis ; see Disgusting ; to be — , 
qffensioni esse. Adv. = very badly, pessime, or 
by superl. (e.g. pessimus = — bad). 

Shoe, I. n. ealeeus, calceamentum, soka (= 
sandal) ; horse- — , solea ferrea ( — s nailed were 
unknown) ; — s that fit, calcel apti ad pedem ; the 
• — pinches, calceus urit. II. v.tr. calceare; to 

— a horse, affigcre eqiio soleas ferreas. shoe- 
black, n. puer qui culceos deterget. Shoe- 
maker, n. sutor. 

Shoot, I. n. = sprout, t germen, surcuius, 
planta, virga, propago(— layer). II. v.intr. 1, to 

— out, as ears of corn, spicas, surculos, etc., 
emittere ; 2, of pains, etc., angere (= to torture), 
or angi(= to be tortured); of stars, volare. III. 
v.tr. = to cast forth, jaculari, mnittlre, jacere ; 
to — arrows out of a bow, arcu saggitas(e)mit- 
tire; to — at, sagitlis or telis pctcre; see Fire. 
shooting-star, n. see Meteor. 



shop, I, II. taberua, offieina (=\vork — ); » 
bookseller's — , libraria; a barber's — , tabtrm 
tonsnris. II. v.intr. to go a-slmppiug, con.' 
curse - irrum tabcrnas. or by cmcrc (z=. to buy). 
shc^ oper, n. qui alipa res veudit, In pi, 
tuberuarii. 

Shore, I. n. 1, litns, -oris, n., oni, acta (<i*r>j), 
ripa (= the declining bank or margin), arena (= 
sand) ; 2, =: support, fulcrum. II. v.tr. fulcirc. 

short, adj. Iirevis, concisus (= pruned), an- 
gustits (= within a small space), contract ior (= 
somewhat drawn in), compressus (= squeezed to- 
gether), pauciorlbusverb is crpressu s(of a writing); 

— of stature, hnmilis (opp. procerus); a — cut, 
compendium, via compendia ria (lit. and fig.); 
to be — , ac ne mntta, ut in panca re/eram, -nc 
multis, ne plum; in — , summatim, ad suminam, 
smnma ilia sit, in brevi; cut it — , rcrbo dicas ; 
a — syllable, syllaba brcvis ; — hair, capilli 
tonsi ; a — memory, memoria hebes ; the — est 
day, dies bruvudis, bruma ; the —est night, ijoj 
solstitialis. short-legged, adj. cruribus brevi- 
bus. short-sighted, adj. myops (Jet.), qui 
oadis non satis prospicit ; fig. slultus, impru- 
dens. shortcoming, n. delictum, shorten, 
V.tr. praecidere, b re via rem facere or redden; to 

— a syllable, syllabam compere; see Contract. 
shorthand, n. notae. shortly, adv. 1, 
= compendiously, sumiuatim, strictim, com- 
presse, paucU verbis, brevitcr ; 2, = within 
a short time, brevi, propediem, paucis diebus, 
exiguo spatio ; — before, brevi ante, paul(l)o 
ante, proxime, nuper ; — after, brevi post, jxik/- 
(l)o post, non ita multo post ; — before a person's 
death, hand mult Mil ante (no post) ah-js mortem. 
shortness, adj. brevitas, axiguitas, angustiue, 
compendium, contractu (— a drawing in). 

Shot, n. teli jactlts, -us, or conjecttis, -us, 
ictus, -fis, (teliim) missile (= what is fired), glaus 
(= ball) ; to tire a — , telum emittere ; they were 
now within — , jam ad teli jactum pen/entrant; 
out of — , extra teli jactum. 

Shoulder, I. n. humerus; — blade, scapula. 
II. v.tr. alqd in humeros tollere. 

Shout, I. n. clamor, vociferatio, vox, acclama- 
tio ; to raise a — , clamorem tollere. II. v.tr. 
(con)clamaie~iMiferari. 

Shove, I. v.tr. trudlre, impelllre. II. n. 
impulsus, -?is. 

shovel, I. n. pala, batillum. II. v.tr. batillo 
tollere. 

Show, I. n. 1, = an exhibition, spectacnlnm, 
pompa, ludl (— games) ; 2, ostentatio (=■ display), 
species (— appearance); to make — of or pretend, 
simularc, prae seferre; for some time there was 
some — of tight, exiguum temporis alqa forma 
pugnuefuit ; under a — of friendship, per simu- 
lationem amicitiae. II. v.tr. proponire, ostentare 
alqd, prae se ferre; to — off, se ostentare ; sei 
Shew, showy, adj. see Beautiful, Osten- 
tatious. 

shower, I. n. pluvia repentina, imber, phi- 
via; a plentiful — , largus imber; a — of stones, 
lapidum imber. II. v.tr. effundcre. showery, 
a(lj. piuvUts, pluvialis. 

Shred, I. n. frustum (=a scrap), tegmentum 
(Plin.). uUv.tr. minututim dissecare or concidere. 

Shrew, n. uiulier jurgiis dedita. shrewd, 
adj. prudens, sol(l)ers, callldus, astutus, perspicax, 
sagax. Adv. calllde, astute, sagaciter, tol(l)erttr, 
prudenter. shrewdness, n. calliditas, ostu- 
tia, persnicacita8, sagacitas, prudentia, soKtyrtiu. 
shrewish, adj. see Quarrelsome, shrew- 
mouse, n. sorex. 

shriek. I. n. ejulatus, -fis, ululatus, -us. II. 
v.intr. ulularc. III. v.tr. clamare; see Scream. 



&ki» 



Sti-2 



ail 



shrift, 11. it short — , confcstim alqm necare ; 
see also Confession; Shrive. 

shrill, adj. dctUliSj argutus. Adv. acute, 
argute. 

shrimp, n. 1, * cancer pagumi (Linn.); 2, 
fig, see Dwarf. 

shrine, n. aedicula, delubrum, sacellum. 

shrink. - \ - . i titr. se contrahere ; to — through 
fear, pedan refer re; to — from duty, abhorrere, 
rtcedire (<(6 ojticio nunquam recedemus, Cic); to 

— from light, pugnum dctractare. shrinking, 
n. 1, alcjs rei contractio ; 2, see Fear. 

shrive, v.tr. peccata sua saccrdoti fateri (= 
to confess), peccata confitentem, absolvcre (= to 
absolve). 

shrivel, I. v.tr. rugosum facere. II, v.intr. 

(cor)rugari, controhi. 

Shroud, I. n. morlul restimentum. II. 
v.tr. inrolvere, rehire, tegere, mortuum vestimento 
indvire. . . 

shrub, n. frutex. shrubbery, n. arbus- 
tum, 

shrug, v.tr. to — the shoulders, humeros 
movire. 

shudder, I. n. horror, tremor. II. v.intr. 
horrcre, tremere; to — greatly, pernor rescere. 

shuffle, I. v.tr. 1, =to mix, (com)misccre ; 
to — cards, paginas (jper)miscere ; 2, = to act 
deceitfully, fruudare. II. v.intr. tergiversari 
(of conduct), claudicare {— to limp), shuffler, 
ii. fraudator, homofallax. shuffling, n. fraus, 
-dis, f., dolus, tergiversatio. 

shun, v.tr. (de)fiigere, vitare, declinare, aver- 
sari, shunning, n. devitatio, J'uga, declinaJi 
vilatio. 

Shut, v.tr. claudere, operire ; to — the eyes, 
cculos operire; to — the hand, manum compri- 
■mere ; to — in, includere ; to — out, excliulirc. 
shutter, n. (for a window), forieula, vulvae. 

shuttle, n. radius (textorius). shuttle- 
cock, n. pi!a pennata. 

shy, I. adj. timidus, pavidus, verecundvs 
<= modest) ; to he — of expense, sumptibus par- 
<xre. II. v. tr. of a horse, terrcri, solium in con- 
traria facere. Adv. timide, verecnade. shyness, 
71. timor, pavor, vereenndia, pudor. 

sibilant, adj. sibilans. 

sibyl, n. sibyila. sibylline, adj. sibyllinus. 

sick, adj. aeger (used of disorders of mind 
■and body; see 111); to rise from a — bed, 
fissurgere ex viorbo ; a — man, aeger, aegrotus ; 
to feel — , nauseare ; to be — , vomere, tig. by 
jmpers. taedet ulqm alcjs rei ; see III. sicken, 
I. v.tr. see Disr.usT. II. v.intr. in morbum 
inddere. sickly, adj. morbosus ; see 111, 
\Vf.ak. sickness, n. = sensation of — , vomit- 
ing, nausea, vomit us, -us (= illness), morbus (= 
disorder), aegrctatio(= condition of — ),valetudo 
(properly = state of health or strength ; used 
alone — — , or with adversa, infinna, etc.); a 
iContagious — , contvgio, hies, -is, f. (= the im- 
pure cause of the disease) ; an epidemic, = 
■pestilentia. 

sicklo, n. fidx. 

side, I. n. lotus, -eris, n. (of the body, a hill, 
etc.), pars (— part, party), regio (= district), pa- 
gina (= — of a leaf); on that — ,-illinc, ultra; on 
this — and on that, citra ultroque ; on all — s, quo- 
quorersus, omnibus partibus ; towards all — s, in 
cmnes partes; on this — , hinc ; on both — s, 
wtrtmipte; on each of two — s, vtrdbiqve; on his 

— nothing takes place, ab eo nihil agitur. II. 
adj. obliquus, transversns ; a — blow, ictus obli- 
quus; to give anyone a — blow, glaclio alqm ob- 



lique pctere. III. v.intr. to — with, alcjs partibu3 
or alcifavere, studere, alcjs studiosum esse, side- 
board, n. abacus, sidelong, adj. obliquus. 
Sideways, adv. oblique, ab obliquo, ex obliquo, 

sidereal, adj. by gen. sidcrum, siderolii 
(Plin.). 

siege, n. oppugnatio, obscssio, obsidio. 

sieve, n. cribrum. sift, v.tr. cribrwre (Plin.), 

cribro secernire; fig. investigare, (pcr)scruturi, 
exjilorare. 

Sigh, I. n. snspirium. II. v.intr. suspiria 
ducire, suspirare. Sighing, n. suspiiratus, 
•us. 

Sight, I. n. 1, visio, visits, -us, videndifacultas, 
oculus, conspectus, -its (= view), afdjspeclvs, -Us; 

— of the eye, oculi acies ; at first — , jn-imo .''(<')- 
spectu; 2, = spectacle, species (= an appearance), 
spcctaeulv.m (=a show); in — , in conspectu, ante 
oculos; in or sub ocidis; he was in — ,suboados 
erat; to take out of — , oculis subducere, ex houii- 
Ml conspectu subtrahere ; I knew him by — , de 
facie novi; to pay at — , pecunias repraesentare ; 
to catch — of, conspicere. II. v.tr. conspicari, 
conspicere. 

Sign, I. n. signum, significatio, indicium, 
vestigium (= footmark), nota(— mark), insigne 
(= badge), nutus, -fts (=nod); the peculiar — 
of a thing, proprium alcjs rei (= characteristic) ; 
it is the — of a wise man, est sapientis ; — 
of the future, signum, omen, ostentum, porlen- 
turn; a good — , omen faustum; a bad — , 
omen sinistrum. II. v.tr. 1, to — a document, 
(con)sigiw.rc alqd, old rei (•nomen) subscriberc, 
as witnesses, scribendo adessc ; 2, see Sjonal. 
rignal, I. adj. insignis, notabilis, maximvs, 
insignatus, egregins. Adv. iusigniter, notabiliter, 
maxime, iusigu Me, egregie. II. n. signitm, symbol- 
urn ; to give the — for an attack, signum dare; 
for battle, classicum canere, tuba signum dare. 
III. v.tr. see above, Signal, II. signalize, 
v.tr. dedararc (= to show), alci or alci rei decori 
esse (=to be an honour to), insignirc (= to make 
remarkable, e.g. tot facinoribus focdum annum 
etiam dii temjxstatibus et morbis insignirere, 
Tac); to— yourself, se eta rum redden, signa- 
ture, n. nomen, -fin's, n., subscriptio, nomen sub- 
script um, signet, n. signum (= seal), signi- 
ficance, signification, n. signif.catio; see 
JIean-ixo. significant, adj. see IOxtressive. 
signify, v.tr. significare (=to make signs), 
i-«/tra(= to be equivalent, e.g. vcrbum quod idem 
valet), velle (=to wish); see also JIean, An- 
nounce, Tortend. 

silence, n. silentium, iaciturnitas (= not 
speaking); to keep — , tacere, conticcre, conti- 
cescere, obticere, obmutescire. silent, adj. tacitus, 
silens, tncilurnus (= taciturn); to be — , sileie, 
tacere, Unguis favere (at religious rites) ; to lie — 
about, celare, silcntio praeterire alqd ; be • — ! 
qyin tacrs! Adv. tacite, silentio. 

Si... , n. bonibgx (Plin.), or vestis serica, 
silk-worm, n. brnnbyx (Plin.). silken, adj. 
sericus, bombycinus (Plin.). Silky, adj. seo 
Smooth. 

Sill, n. limen. 

silly, adj. stnltus, fatuns, stolidus, infacetus 
absurdus, ercors, reenrs, incptus, insuhns, alliens, 
ridiculus (= exciting laughter). Adv. stulte, 
st'-lide, infacele, absurde, inepte, insulse, ridi- 
adc. silliness, n. atultilia, fatuitas, stoli- 
dilas, ineptiae, vecordia, amentia, insulsitas, 
ridicidum. 

silt, I. n. limns. II. v.tr. limo opplerc. 

silver, I. n. argentum ; wrought — , argeulum. 
factum. II. adj. and silvery, argentine; plated 
with — , argentaUts; — mine, argenti metalla, 



Sllil 



■'Of tint, n."; — foil, bractea argeniea, drgenli Jo- 
diiut, (or as one word), argentaria (fodina) ; — 
tnoney, nummi argentei; — plate, argentwm 
(factum), vasa argcntea, pi. III. v.tr. .alqd 
drgento inducere. 

similar, adj. svmilis (used with the genit. of 
internal bodily or mental relations, with d.it. 
otherwise, e.g. non tarn potuit jwtris similis esse 
quam illefuerat sui, Cic). Adv. similiter, simi- 
larity, n. = resemblance, similitudo (est 
homini cum Deo similitudo, Cic. ; habethonestatis 
similitudinem ; similitudines, = similar objects), 
simile, n. similitudo, translatio, collatio. simi- 
litude, n. = comparison, similitudo ; see Like, 
Simulate. 

simmer, v.intr. feruescere, lente bullire. 

simony, n. simonia (Eccl.). 

Simper, v.intr. subridere, slidte ridere. 

simple, adj. simplex (in gen.) ; = harmless, 
innoxius ; = sincere, sincerus, jyrobus, integer, 
sinefuco; = silly, stolidus, insulsus; = without 
ornament, simplex, sine ornatu ; — sheer, merits. 
Adv. simpliciter ; see also Only - , simples, 
n. pi. herbua (medicinalcs). simpleton, n. 
homo crassi ingenii, stultus, futuus, ineptus ; see 
Fool, simplicity, n. simplicitas (in gen.), 
clulti.tia (= folly), innooentia (= guilelessness). 
simplify, v.tr. explicare, simplicem reddere. 

simulate, v.tr. = to imitate or pretend, 
simulare (e.g. mortem, lacrimas, simulavit se 
furerc). simulation, n. simulatio (e.g. fallax 
imitutio simulatioque virtutis). 

simultaneous, adj. quod uno et eodem tem- 
pore est or jit. Adv. eodem tempore, simul, una. 

sin, I. n. pecadum, delictum (= omission), fia- 
gitinm, nej'as; to commit a — , peccare, delinquere, 
■peccatum committere. II. v.intr. peccare (in 
se, erga alqm, in re; multa peccantur), delin- 
quere. sinful, adj. pravis cupiditatibus dedi- 
tus, impius, improbus, fiagitiosus. sinless, adj. 
integer, sanctus. sinlessness, n. vitae sancti- 
tas. sinner, n. qui peccav it, peccator (Eccl.). . 

since, I. adv. abhine (e.g. he died two years 
— , abhine annos duos, or annis duobus, mor- 
tuusest); long — , jamdudum, jampridem. II. 
■prep, by e, ex, a, ab, post (e.g. — the founda- 
tion of the city, post urbem conditam) ; — that 
time, ex eo tempore ; many years — , multis ab- 
hinc annis; — when, ex quo; a long time — , 
jamdiu ; — childhood, apueritid, apuero. III. 
conj. 1, of time, earn (qnom, quum), postquam 
(fir as two words) ; this is the third day — I 
heard it, tertius hie dies quod audiui ; it is a 
long time — you left home, jamdudum factum 
est cum ahiistidomo ; — lie died this is the three- 
anil-thirtieth year, cujus a mortc hie tertius et tri- 
gesimus annus; 2, of cause, may be rendered by 
cum with subj., or quandoquidem, quia, quoniam 
with indie, thus frequently in Cic. quae cum ita 
sint, — this is so, but observe quandoquidem tu 
istos oratores tantopere lamias (in the indie, Cic); 
so urbs quae, quiapostrema ucdifi,cata est, Neapolis 
nominatur (Cic); quoniam res in id di-scrimen 
adducta est; — may also be rendered by the 
relative with a causal force, and so requiring 
the subj., e.g. maluimus iter faccrc pedibns, qui 
incammoilissimc navigassemus, Cic ; so too miippe 
qui with indie or subj. (all these conjs. follow 
the ordinary rules of mood) ; sec Because. 

Sincere, adj. sincerus (opp. fucatus, Simula- 
Jus), integer (e.g. te sincerum integrumque con- 
serves, Cic), probus, purus, candidus, vena ; 
see Honest. Adv. sincere, integrc (— justly), 
probe, pure, candidc, vere, tx animo, simpliciter ; 
yours — , in letters, vale (valete). sincerity, 
n. sinceritas, candor, integritas, probitas, Veritas 
■ (= truthfulness), simplicitas. 



863 Bit 

sinecure, n. munus omni labor vacuum. 

sinew, n. nervus ; the — s, as = strength, 
ncrri. sinewy, adj. ncrvosus. 

sing, v.tr. and intr. canere, utntare, modalari; 
to — much, cdntitare ; to — to the harp, ad 
citltaram canere; to — in harmony, ecrvare mo- 
dum, od numerum canere. singer, 11. ^CUntor, 
cantr'u, cantator, cantatrix. singing, n. can- 
tus, -us, concentus, -fid (of a number of persons). 

singe, v.tr. ustulare, amburere, adurere. 
Single, I. adj. unus, solus, singularis, aniens; 
a — or unmarried man, caelebs (a bachelor) ; 

— combat, certamen unius cum uno. Adv. 
singillatim. II. v.tr. to — out, eligcre ; see 
Select, singular, adj. 1, as opp. to plural, 
singularis; the — number, numerus singularis 
(gram.) ; see Single, I. ; 2, = out of the 
common way, singularis (=very superior, e.g. 
Aristoteles mco judicio in philosophid prope sin- 
gularis, = almost standing alone, Cic. ; also in a 
bad sense, e.g. singularis cnidelitas, netjuitiu), 
aniens (— unique), egregius, eximius y p/aestans 
(— excellent), maximus (= very great) ; 3, = 
strange, mints, mirificus, mirabilis, novus, imisi- 
tatus,insolens. Adv. singnlariter, unicc, egregie, 
eximie, pruestaider, insolenter, maxime, mire, 
mirijice, viirabililer, nove, inusitute. singu- 
larity, n. insoleiUia,praestantia (= excellence), 
or use adj. 

Sinister, adj. sinister (lit. = left-handed ; fig. 
with mores, natura, interpretatio, etc.), t in/austus 
(= unlucky); see Ill-omened, Corrupt. 

Sink, I. v.tr. (subymcrgere, demergere, im- 
mergcre, deprimf.re. II. v.intr. (con)sidere, 
desidcre, residere, submergi, demergi, immergi ; 
to — in ruins, collabi, corruire, mergi ; to — 
morally, in (omnia) fiagitia se ingurgitare ; Vu 

— into sleep, sonum opprimi ; the price — s, 
prctium imminuitur ; his courage — s, animus 
cad it; to let one's courage — , sibi dijffidcrc ; to 
— ;- into the mind, in animum penttrare; to be 
sunk in debt, acre alieno obrui. Ill, n. sentina. 

sinuous, adj. sinuosus. 

sip, I. v.tr. (primis labHs) degustare, sorbil- 
lare (ante and post class.). II. n. use verb. 

sir, n. 1, as title, dominus; 2, in addresses, 
vir optime. 

sire, ii. 1, peder, genitor; see Father; 2, 
see Sin. 

siren, n. siren. 

Sirocco, n. anster. 

Sister, n. soror, germana ; father's — , amita ; 
mother's — , matert'era ; grandfather's — , amita 

magna ; grand mother's — , matertera magna ; 

in-law, glos, gloris, f. (Jet.), sisterhood, n. 
sororum societas (Eccl.). sisterly, adj. ut so- 
rores solctd. 

sit. v.intr. sedcre, alqdre insidire,considcre(= 
to — down); to — near, assidcre rei or (dci ; to — 
on, sedere in re; to — at table, (icciim&cre, if isaim- 
bere, recumbire ; to — above at table, superior nc- 
cumbere ; of a court, hubcri (e.g. conventus), sedcre 
(of the magistrates); wo sat up talking till late at 
night, scrmoium in mult urn noctem produximus 
(Cic.) ; he — s up till daylight, usque ad luccm 
vigilat; of fowls, (oris) incaUirc (Pita.); as 
milit. term, to — down before a place, oppitlmn 
circumscdcrc. sitting, n. sessio (lit. of a court), 
conscssus, -ns (of a court, etc.) ; to break up the 
— , conscssum, etc., dimittire. 

site, n. situs, -us. situate, adj. situs, positus, 
collocatus; to be — near, (uljacere. Bituation, 
n. 1, = position, situs, -us, sedes, -is, locus ; if he 
were in that — , si eo loco esset ; 2, = office, 
munus, -en's, n. ; see Office, 



SiS 



864 



sle 



6iit| adj. sex, sent (= — each) ; — » or (seven, sex 
geptem, sex aut septem; to throw — (at dice), 
senionem initlire ; — times, sexie(n)s. sixth, 
adj. sextus ; the — time, scxtum. sixteen, fulj. 
sedecim(sexd-), decern et sex, seni deni(= — each); 
-*- times, sedecie(n)s. sixteenth, adj. sextus 
decimus ; one — , pars sexta decima. sixty, adj. 
UMginta, sexageni (— — each) ; — times, sexa- 
gie\u)s. sixtieth, adj. sexagesimus ; the — time, 
eexugesimum; sixty thousand, sexaginta milia; 
the — thousandth, sexagie(n)s millesimus. 

size, n. 1, =■ measure, mensura, amplitudo 
( = largeness), parvitas ( = smallness), proceritas 
( = tallness), altitude) ( = height), ambitus, -iis 
( = girth), spatium ( = extent of surface) ; to 
take, the — of (diymctiri ; of the — of, (ad) 
instar alcjs rei; of great, small — , etc., mag- 
nus, ]xirvus ; 2, = glue, gluten (glutinum). 

Skate, I. n. solca /errata. II. v.intr. soleis 
ferratis placiem transcurrere. 
■ skein, n. JUia volumen or Jilorum glomus. 

skeleton, n. ossa, -ium, n., ossium compagi ■ ; 
lie is a mere — , vix ossibus haeret. 

Sketch, I. n. adumbratio ; see Outline. 
II. v.tr. desrribe.n; designare, adumbrarc (esp. 
fig-)- 

skewer, n. veru ( = spit). 
i skiff, n. scapka, cymba, navicula. 

skill, n. perithi, scientia, ars, artijicium, sol- 
(l)ertia, adliditas, ]irudcntia, hc.bilitas. skilful, 
adj. peritus rei, arte insignia, exercitutus in re, 
dexter, snl(l)ers, sciens, catlidus, habilis(z= handy), 
prudens(= with insight), bonis (= good) ; — "in 
the laWjJliris consultus. Adv. perite, dext(e)re, 
eallide, scienter, prudenter, habiliter, bene. 

skim, I. n. spunia ; to form — , spumescere ; 
full of — , spunwsus. II. v.tr. 1, despumare, spn- 
mam eximere; 2, ~ to read quickly, alqd (legen- 
do) percurrere. III. v.intr. volare '(= to fly). 

skin, I. n. cuff's, pellis, membrunu, atrium 
(= hide) ; to get off with a whole — , integrum 
abire. II. v.tr. corium dctrahere, pelle or corio 
exuere /to — over, cicatricem inducere, (ob)du- 
cere, skin-deep, adj. levis. skinny, adj. 
see Thin. 

skip, I. n. saltus, -us. II. v.intr. salire (= to 
leap); to — with joy, ex(s)ultare. III. v.tr. = 
to pass over, transilire, praeterire. skipping- 
rope, n. Testis. 

Skipper, n. navis magistrr ; see Captain. 

skirmish, I. n. praelium live. II. v.intr. 
to engage in — ps, praeliis parvutis cum hoste con- 
tendere, skirmisher, u. vela, -His, in. ( = 
light-armed soldier, or by verb). 

Skirt, I. n. limbvs, vrn. II. v.tr. to — the 
shore, legire oram ; to — or border on, affinem 
esse (e.g. gens afflnis Mauris). 

skittish, adj. protervus, lascivus; to be' — , 
lascivire. Adv. proterve, lascive. skittish 
ness, n. protervitaa, lascivia. 

skulk, v.intr. latere. 

Skull, n. calvuria. 

Sky, n. caelum; a bright — , caelum serenvm, 
an open — , caelum patens; under the open 
— ; sub divo, in publico; from the — , de caelo, 
caelttus. skylark, n. alavda. skylight, n. 
fenestra. 

Slack, adj. laxus, fluxus, remissus ( = loose), 
lentus, tardus (= alow), segnis, piger (= idle) ; 
— in duty, neglegens. slacken, v.tr. laxare ; 
to — the reins, laxare hubenas ; to — work, opus 
remittire. Adv. leute, turdc, segniter, negle- 
genUr. slackness, n. scgnilia, pigritia (= 
laziness), neglcgcntia(= negligence) ; — of reins, 
etc., by laxus, remissus. 



slake, v.tr. sithn ex(s)llnguire or explh'f, 
sitim depellere or sedan ; to — lime, calcem 
viacerare. 

slander, I. n. cahtmnia, (/also) criminalio, 
falsum crimen, obtrectatio, maledlctio. II. v.tr. 
calumniari, criminari, dijjamare, ulci obtrectare, 
maledieere, ahpn calumniis or ignominiis afficere, 
insectari, aid probrum, convicium, contumeliam, 
etc., faccre. slanderer.n. obtrectator. slander- 
ing, n. criminatio, obtrectatio. slanderous, 
adj. maledicvs, famosus. Adv. maledice, per at- 
lumniam. 

Slant, adj. obliquus, transversns. Adv. 
oblique. 

Slap, I. n. alapa (Juv.). II. v.tr. palmtl pcr- 
cutere. 

slash, I. n. inciswra( = incision, Co\.),virf- 
nus, -iris ( = wound), ictus, -its ( = blow). II. 
v.tr. caedere, incidcre, gladio percuterc (with a 
sword). 

Slate, I. n. to write on, use tabula; for a 
roof, tegnla (=tile, usu. in pi.); a — quarry, 
lapidis jissilis fodina. II. v.tr. tegulis obtegere 
or consternere. 

slattern, n. mulier sordida. 

slaughter, I. n. caedes, -is, f. ( = a cutting 
down), oeddio, occisio, eludes (fig. = discomfiture, 
severe loss), strages, -is, f. (fig. = overthrow, des- 
truction) ; a general — , intcrnecio ; trucidatio 
(= butchery), iicx( = violent death); man — ,homi- 
cidium. II. v.tr. caedere, eoncidere (of a number), 
jugnlare (=to cut the throat), muctare( = io slay a 
victim); see Slav ; trucidare. slaughter- 
house, n. lanicna. slaughterer, n. lanius. 

slave, n. serrus (considered as property), 
ancilla(= female — ), verna(= a slave born in the 
house), famulus (= household — ),mancipiuut (— 
one obtained by war or purchase) ; the — s, servi- 
Hum, servitia, corpora servilia, Jamilia ; to sell 
as a — , sub corond vendere; a — of lusts, 
servus libidinum ; to be a — to anything, 
aid rei oboedire, inservire. Slave-dealer, 
n. venalicius, mango (Quint.). slave 

labour, n. opus servile, slave-market, u. 
forum or lapis (e.g. de lapide emptus, Cic.) 
slavery, n. servitus, -utis, f., servitw'do, servi- 
tium; to be in — , in servitute esse, slave-trade, 
n. venditio (= selling) or emptio (= buying) ser- 
vorum. slave-war or -rising, n. tumultus, 
-its, servllis, beltum servile, slavish, adj. serrl- 
lis (lit. ami tig.), vernilis (lit. and tig., esp. in 
Tac.). Adv. serviliter, verniliter. 

slaver, I.)i. sputum (Cels.). II. v.intr. sail- 
vam ex ore demittere, salivd madere. 

slay, v.tr. iuterficere, occidere, interimere, 
'ollcre, ferire, pereutere, absmm're, ex(s)tinguire, 
trucidare, jugnlare, necaiv (= to put to death). 
slayer, n. interfedor, occisor, percussor ; — of 
men, homicida, in. and f. (so tyrannicida, etc.). 

Sledge, n. traha (— a drag). 

sledge-hammer, n. malleus. 

sleek, adj. levis ( = smooth), nitidus ( = 
shining) ; to be — , nitere. 

sleep, I. n. somnus(= sleep), sopor(=heavi- 
ness), quies, -etis( = rest); — falls on me, sovunis 
me opprimit ; to fall to — , dormitare. II. v.intr. 
dormire, quiescere ; to go to — or bed, cubitum 
ire, se somno dare, sleepiness, n. veternus (of 
the lethargy of the aged), or by adj. sleepless, 
adj. insomnia, exsomnis, vigilans. sleepless- 
ness, n. insomnia, vigilia, vigilantia. sleepy, 
adj. scmisomnus (-somnis), somni plenus, somiw 
gravis, veternus, somnicnlosus(= sluggish). Adv. 
somniculose, or better by adj. 

sleet, n. nix grandine mixta, 

sleeve, n. manica; to laugh in one's — , 



Bid 



$65 



Bna 



ftirlim ridere ; in sinu gaudere (= to rejoice in 
secret). 

sleight, n. ars, artificium, dolus; — of hand, 
praestigiae. 

slender, adj. tenuis (lit. and fig.), gracilis 
(lit.), cxilis (lit. and llg.); — provision, victus, 
•iis, tenuis. Adv. tenuiter (= poorly), exUitcr. 
slendcrness, n. tenuitas, exilitasQ.it. and tig.), 
yracilitas (lit.). 

slice, I. ii. — of bread (jKinis) frustum. 
II. v.tr. cuncidcre, secure. 

Slide, I. v.intr. lain. II. n. — on ice, by 
in glacis labi. 

slight, I. adj. tens (in gen. of clothing, etc, 
also flg.), parvi momenti( = o{ little account), tenu- 
is, gracilis, exiiis (= slender), by diminutive (e.g. 
opusculum, = —work). II. v.tr. parvi, flocci 
facere, nullum curam alcjs habere, eontemuere. 

slim, a<lj. exilis; see Slender, slimness, 
n. exilitiis. 

slime, n. iimvs. slimy, adj. limosus. 

sling, I. n. funda; — for the mm, fascia, 
mitella (Cels.) ; io have the arm in a — , brachi- 

tini mitella iiicolutum habere. II. v.tr. mitlere, 
torquere; to — at, funda petere. 

slink, v.intr. to — away, sese subducere. 

slip, I. n. 1, lit. tepsus, -us; 2, fig. lapsus 
(rare), culpa (= fault), error (= mistake); there's 
many a — between the cup and the lip, inter os 
et offain (sc. multa intervenire possunt); 3, of a 
plant, surculus: see Sboot. II. v.intr. vesti- 
yio falli, labi ; to — away, anfuuere; to let — , 
amittere, omittere; to — from the memory, <te 
memorid excidere. slipper, n. solea, crepida. 
Slippery, adj. lubricus. 

Slit, I. n. fissura (= a split, Plin.), rima (= an 
opening or leak), scissura (= a slit, Plin.). II. 
v.tr. incidere (= to cut into),yi>Ktere(= to cleave), 
scindcre (— to tear). 

Sloe, n. prunum silvestre (Plin.); — tree, 
prumw, f., silvestris (Col.). 

sloop, n. see Ship. 

slop, n. and v.tr. see Wet. 

Slope, I. n. declivitas (downwards), accllvi- 
tas (upwards). II. v.intr. vergere, se dimittire. 
sloping, adj. declivis, acclivis. 

sloth, n. desidia, inertia, segnitia, segnities, 
ignavia, socordia, pigritia. Slothful, adj. 
desldiosus (rare), fliers, ignavus, setjnis, socors, 
piger. Adv. inerter, segniter, ignave. 

slouch, v.intr. discinctum esse. 

slough, n. pedus, -udis, f. ; (for swine), volu- 
tabrum; — ofasnako, vernatio (Plin.). 

sloven, n. homo sordidus, discinctus. slo- 
venliness, n. sordes ( — tilth), incuria, negle- 
gentia (— carelessness). 

slow, adj. tardus, lenlus, segnis, piger, serus 
(=late); — to learn, tardus ad discendum. Adv. 
tarde, lente, segniter, paul(J)atim, pedetentha 
(pedetemt-). slowness, n. tarditas, segnitas, 
pigritia; — of a river, lenitas. 

slug, n. Umax (Plin.). sluggard, n. homo 
ignavus. sluggish, adj. segnis, piger, socors. 
Adv. segniter, socorditer. sluggishness, n. 
pigritia, ignavia, socordia. 

Sluice, n. emissariiuu. 

slumber, n. and v. see Sleep. 

Slur, I. n. macula, labes, -is, dedecus, -oris, n. 
II. v.tr. to — over, extenuare. 

Slut, n. mulier sordida, immunda. 

sly, adj. vafer, subdolus, astuius, versutus; 
— old fellow, veterator. Adv. vafre, subdole, 
astute, versute. slyness, n. dolus, astutia. 

28 



smack, I. n. a taste, sapor, gusltu, -us. II. 
v.intr. to — of, sapere (e.g. mella herbam tarn 
sapiunt, = the honey — s of the grass). 

smack, I. n. = a blow, alapa. II. v.tr. 
alapam alci ducZre (Phaedr.). 

small, adj. parvus, exiguus, minutus, tenuis 
(= thin), gracilis (= slender), angnstus ( — nar- 
row); a — soul, animus pusillus; that betrays a 

— mind, illud pusilli est unimi ; too — , jusOi 
minor,parummagnus ; as — as, how — ! quaiUulus. 
smallness, n. purvitas, exiguitus, tcnuitas, 
graciUtas, angustiae. 

small-pox,- n. 'variolae, or hy pestilentia. 

smart, I. n. dolor, morsus, -us, cruciatns, 
-iis. II. v.intr. dolere ; to — for, jxienas idei 
pendere, paenas subire, pcrferre or Inert. III. 
adj. 1, = keen, acer, acerbus, gravis, ncutus ; 2, 
= active, impigcr, callidus ( = clever); 3, 

— witty, salsus ; see Witty ; 4, = dressy, lau- 
tus, nitidus. smartness, n. 1, = wit, sal; 
2, dressiness, use adj. Smart III., 4. 

smatterer, n. homo leviter Ut(t)eris imbutus. 
smattering, n. levis artis alcjs scientia. 

smear, v.tr. (iiyinire. 

smell, I. n. odoratus, -us (the sense), odora- 
tio (the act), odor (the result); an ill — ,foetor; 
to have a bad — , male (good, bene) olere. II. 
v.intr. to — of, (re)dolere alqil ; to — , or have the 
sensation, odorari, olfacere. smelling-bottle, 
n. rasculum olfactoriolum. 

smelt, v.tr. fundere, coqucre (Plin.), lique- 
facere. 

Smile, I. n. rlstis, -us; with a — , subridens. 
II. v.intr. (sub)rldere, irridere alci rei ; fortune 
— s on me, Jortuna mihi effulget. 

smirk. I. n. by risus, -ils, eontortus. II. 
v.intr. vultum ad algd componire. 

smite, v.tr. ferire, percutcre. 

smith, n. faber ferrurius (=a blacksmith), 
smithy, n. nfficlnaferraria. 

smoke, I. n. fumus. II. v.intr. furnace, 
vaporare, exhalare. III. v.tr. to — (tobacco), 
herbae Nicotlanae fumum ducire ; see FUMIOATR. 
smoky, adj. fumosus (= full of smoke, dis- 
coloured by aiuoke). 

smooth, I. adj. lids, teres; of words, etc., 
blaudus; of the sea, etc., tranquillus, placithis : 
of the temper, aequus, aequabilis, aequalis. Adv. 
in gen. by adj.; of words, etc., blunde; <>f tin 1 
sea, etc., tranquille, placide ; of the temper, 
aequo animo, aeyuabiliter, aequaliUr. II. v.tr. 
levare, livigare (in gen.), limart (with file), run- 
cinare (with plane); of the sea, tranquUlare, 
sedare ; llg. to — a person's way, arfituiii. alci ad, 
alqmdare.' smoothness, n. VteUas, tranquil- 
litas, aequanimitas ; — of diction, aequabii 

smother, v.tr. suffocate, animam interclu- 
dcre ; fear — s his voice, metus voccm praecludtt ; 
see Strangle. 

smouldering, adj. fimaas. 

smuggle, v.tr. vierces furtim or portorio 
non soluto importare or invehlre. smuggler, 
n. qui merces vetitas importat. 

smut, n. fuligo, robigo (= blight), smutty, 
n. fumosus (= smoky). 

Snack, n. liars, portio, gustus, -us (= a taste). 

snaffle, n. fireman. 

snail, n. cochlea, snail's shell, n. mchleae 
testa. 

snake, U. anguis, serpens, coluber, vipera, 
draco, snaky, adj. tvipereus, Sanguineus. 

snap, I. v.intr. crepitum edere, crepare ; — 
to brealc asunder, frangi, diffringi; — to scold, 



ana 



fc66 



Soj 



tilqm increpare. II. v.tr. frangere, (prae)rum- 
pere, diffringere, infringere ; to — the fingers, 
digitis concrepare ; to — at, lit. ami fig. petere, ar- 
ripiire ; to — up, soe Seize. III. u. crepitus, •its. 
snappish, adj. morosus, dijjkilis, mordax, ira- 
cundus. Adv. morose, Iracunde. 

snare, I, n. lit. and fig. laqveus, plaga, insi- 
diae, -arum ; to set a — for anyone, aki insidias 
faecre. ; to get one's head out of a — , se expedite 
(ex laqueo). II, v.tr. lit, and fig. illaqueare, 
irretire. 

snarl, v.intr. 1, lit. fremire; 2, fig. (sub)- 
ringi. 
snatch, v.tr. and intr. rapcre, compere ; to 

— away, surripere; to — at, captare; see Seize. 

sneak, I. v.tr. irrepere ; to — into anything, 
e.g. ad amicitiam reptare(= to creep) ; to — away, 
furtim se subducire. II. n. homo nequam, ab- 
iectus; see Contemptible. 

sneer, I. n. derisus, -lis, irrisus, -us. II. v.tr. 
deridere, irridere. 

■ sneeze, v.intr. sternuere. sneezing, n. 

sler nutamentum. 

sniff, n. and v.tr. and intr. see Smell. 

snip, v.tr. circumcidere, amputare. 

snipe, n. scolopax (late). 

snob, n. homo putid/us. 

snore, v.intr. stertcre. 

Snort, I. v.tr. frcmcre. II. n. fremitus, -Ttsi 

snout, n. rostrum. 

snow, I. n. nix, nivis; a — -'ball, nivis gle- 
bula (late); —flake, iiix; — storm, nivis casus, 
-us, or nives. II. v.tr. ning(u)ere, gen. impers.; 
it — s.ningit. snowy, adj. nivosus; — white, 
niveus, colore nireo. .;,. 

snub, I. v.tr. II. n. set Rebuke, snub- 
nosed, adj. simus. 

snuff, I. n. 1, of a candle, fungus ; 2, = com- 
minuted tobacco, pulvis stcrnutatorius ; — box, 
pyxis. II. v.tr. candclae fitngum demere ; to — 
out, ex(s)tinguere ; to — up anything, alqd nari- 
bus hour ire. snuffers, n. forficcs (scissors, 
Mart.) candekmim. snuffle, v.intr. vocemnari- 
bus proferre. 

snug, adj. see Comfortable. 

so, adv. sk, ita, hunc in modum, hoc modo, 
ut . . . sk, ut . . . ita, tain . . . quam; — 
then, itaque, ergo; see Therefore; — that (— 
in order that), ut ; — not, ne, or by rel. qui, 
quae, quod with subj. ; — that, of consequence, 
ut ; — not, ut non ; — much, tarn valde, tarn 
vehementer, tantum, tantopere, adco ; twice — 
much, bis tunto, alteram tantum; not — much, 
minus, non ita; — much ... as, tantopere . . . 
quantopere ; — great, tammultns, tantns, tantum; 

— great . . . as, tantum . . . quantum ; — again, 
alterum tantum ; — many, tot ; — many . . . as, 
tot . . . quot ; just — mnny,*totidem ; — far, to, 
en usque, in tantum, quoad, hactenns; to carry a 
thing — far, rem eo adducire ; — far as I can look 
back, quoad longissime potest mens mva respkire; 

— little food, tantulus cibus ; — few, tarn panel; 
as . . . — , et . . . et, turn . . . turn, tarn . . . quam, 
vel . . . rel ; not — ... as, non tarn . . . quam ; 
is it --? Unite f siceine? — quickly, tarn citn, 
tain celeriter ; — quickly as possible, quam. pri- 
m/urn, prima quoque tempoiv, simitl ac, ut pri- 
mum; as that was 'painful, — this is pleasant, 
ut illud erut vwhstum, sic hoc est jucundtim 
(Cic.) ; — uncivil as, tarn Iniirbanvs ut (<Mc.) ; 
did yon think mc - unjust as to bo angry with 
yoxif adeone me injustnm esse existimasli tit tiUi 
irascerer? (Cie.); — far from, tantum nhest ut 
. . . -non; — often, totie(n)s . . . quotient)*; grant 
it — ,fac ita esse; if it had been done ( — cour- 



teous are you), you would have written it, 
et si esset' factum (quae tua est hnmanitas), 
scripsisses ; — called, quern, quam, quod dicunt, 
qui, etc., dkitur. so so, adv. mediocriler. 

soak, v.intr. macerare; to — up, bibere ; to 
— through, permanare (=to trickle through), 
■madefaccre. (=to wet), soaking, adj. of rain, 
effusus. 

soap, I. n. supo (Plin.). II, v.tr. mpone 
illincre. 

soar, v.intr. sublime ferri, setollere (lit. and 
fig.), subvolare (of birds, etc.). 

sob, I. n. singultus, -iis. II. v.intr. singuU 
tire. 

sober, adj. sobrius (opp. vinolentus, used lit. 
and fig.), temperans, temperatus, modestus, modi- 
cus, moderatus (all = moderate in desires), 
secerns (= grave). Adv. sobrie, temperate, mo- 
deste, modice, moderate, sei'ere. sobriety, 
soberness, n. sobrietas, temperantia, modem- 
tio, modestia, severitas. 

sociable, adj. sociabilis, comis, affabilis;^ see 
Courteous, Friendly, social, adj. socialis, 
communis, civllis (in political sense), sociabilis, 
congregabilis (= disposed to meeting together, 
of bees), facilis (=: easy of approach, as a quality 
of character); — life, vitae societas, communitas 
vitae. Adv. quod ad. societatem vitae pertinet. 
socialism, n. by forma civitatis in qua. sum- 
ma aequalitus inter cives exstat. socialist, n. 
qui sunimam inter cires aequalitatem appetit. 
sociality, n. socialitas, mores faciles (= socia- 
bility), society, n. = the union of several 
persons for a common end, societas (of learned 
and commercial men), sodalitas(= a brotherhood 
or fraternity), faciio (= a union which makes a 
party, esp. in a bad sense), collegium (= a corpora- 
tion "of merchants, artisans, priests) ; to form — 
with someone, societatem cum alqo facere, inire, 
coire, rationem cum alqo communicate (—to make 
common cause), societatem contrahere cum alqo; 
to take into — , alqm in societatem assumere (ad), 
scribcre, alqm in collegium cooptare (by election) ; 
= to the associated persons, socii (of a craft), 
grex (—a band, e.g. a company of actors); = 
society in general, societas humana (hominnm 
or generis humani); civil — , societas civilis ; = 
as an assemblage, coetus, -its, conventus, -iis 
(virorum feminarumque or nudierumque), clrcvhis 
(=a circle or gathering, whether iu the streets 
or in houses, a club) ; to go into — , in circuhm 
venire; to avoid — , vitare coetus, hominum con- 
ventus fiigire, homines fvgere, abstinere con- 
gressu hominum, se a congressu hominum segre- 
gare. 

sock, n. see Stocking. 

socket, n. of a candlestick, myxa ; of the 
eye, * cavum ocvli. 

Socratio, adj. Socraticus. 

sod, n. caespes, -itis, m. ; a green — , caespes 
vivus or viridis. 

soda, n. nitrum. 

sodden, adj. madidus. 

sofa, n. leclulus. 

soft, adj. mollis, len is (= gentle), effeminatvs 
(= effeminate). Adv. molliter, leniter, effeminate. 
soften, I. v.tr. (e)moUire, mitigare, lenire (lit. 
and Hg.). II. v.intr. molliri, vwIlescSre. soft- 
ness, u. mollitia or mollities. 

soho, interj. lint*' hens tut eliel 

soil, I. n. solum; a good — , solum piingue; 
poor — , solum exile. II. v.tr. inquinare, pol- 
luere, macidare; see Oehi.f. 

sojourn, I. v.intr. cum alqo or in algfi terrA 
commorai i(— to tarry), sedem haWrr- in loco, per?- 



sol 



&I67 



SOI* 



grmari in tithe or in gente (as a foreigner). II. 
n. mora, commoratio, peregrinatio. sojourn- 
er, ii. hospes (= guest), peregrinus (= foreigner), 

advcna, in. and f. (= alien). 

solace, I. n. solatium, solatio (= the act), 
t solamcn, levamen(tum) (= au alleviation). II. 
v.tr. alqm (con)solari, aid solatium praebere 
dare, ajferre. 

solar, adj. Solaris, or by gonit. eolia (=of 
the sun;. 

solder, I. n. ferrumen (Plin.). n. v.tr. 
confer rumimre (Plin.), (im)plumbare. 

soldier, n. miles, -itis ; common — , miles 
gregarius, manipulates ; foot — , peeks; horse 
— , eques; to serve as a — , stipendia faccre, 
merere or merer i, with genit. or dat sol- 
dierly, adj. militaris, rci militaris peril us. 
soldiery, n. milites, or as collect, miles. 

sole, adj. solus, units, vnicus ; — survivor, 
sxtperstes, -itis, m. Adv. solum (modo), tantuni 
(modo). solitary, I. adj. solus, solitarlus (of 
persons), solus, descrtus, avius, decius, secretus 
(of places). II. n. see Hermit, solitude, 
n. solitudo (both as state and lonely place). 

sole, n. of the foot (pedis) planta, solum ; — 
of a shoe, (calcei) solca ( = a sandal), solum. 

sole, n. = fish, solca. ■ 

solecism, n. soloccismus (— offence against 
grammar); see also Impropriety. 

solemn, adj. sol(l)emnis, originally = yearly 

or annual, and hence festal and customary, but 
not solemn in our sense, which may be expressed 
by summd religione imbutus, and by sanctus, 
religiosus. Adv. sol(l)emnitcr, sancte, religi- 
ose, solemnize, v.tr. celebrare. ;_ lem- 
nization, n. celebratio. solemnity, n. 1, 
sol(l)emne (e.g. sollemne clavi figendi, Li v. ; nos- 
trum Mud sollemne serrcmus, Cic. = nn estab- 
lished custom) ; — profound religious sentiment, 
reverentia; 2, see Gravity, Seriousness. 

solicit, v.tr. sol(l)icitare, poscere, deposcere, 
expetcre, comb, deposcere atque expire, obsecrari, 
orare alqm alqd. solicitation, n. preees, -urn, 
(ef)flayitatio, rogatio, obsecratio ; at the — of, 
alcjs rogatu, alqo rogantc, precando. solicitor, 
n. 1, qui rogat, quiposcit; 2, advocatus; see 
Advocate, solicitous, adj. sol(l)icilus (— 
concerned, moved with anxiety), auxins ; see 
Anxious. Adv. sol'l)icite, anxie'. solicitude, 

sol(l)icitudo, euro, anxietas; to be an object 



some, adj. used with nora". uliquis talUttid, 
ahquod), quis (after si, e.g. si quit hoc duit) 
aliquot with gen. (e.g. aliquot hominum); — 
. . . others, alii . . . alii, quidam . . . alii ; 
—one, aliqins, quispiam, quisquam; when the 
relative follows, aliquis is dropped (e.g. hubeo 
qucm mittam); —one, I know- not who, nescio 
qui or quis; —(as a softening term), e.g. — 
fifteen, etc., homines ad quindecim Curioni 
(tssaiserunt ; abhinc menses decern pre, = — 
ten months ago; nactus enuites circiier trigiuta, 
= having obtained — thirty horsemen; in — 
way or other, qudcumque; there is — reason, 
KOM siiiccaus(s)a; it is— comfort to me, non- 
uihil. me consolatur (Cic); for — time, ali- 
quundo, aliquandiu. somehow, adv. nescio 
quomodo, nescio quo pacta, something, n. 
see Some ; when emphatic, aliquid, nonuihil. 
sometimes, adv. aliquaudo, nonnunquam, 
subinde, inUrdum. somewhat, n. aliquan- 
tu(lu)m, nonnihU. somewhere, adv. ali- 
cubi, alqo toco, nonnusquam. somewhither, 
adv. aliquo. 

somersault, n. 

turn a — , dare sidtus. 



saltus, -us (= leap) ; to 



n 

of — , curae esse a.lc 

solid, adj. solidus (in most senses of the 
English, = firm, lasting), stabilis, firmus ; see 
Stable; — food, cibus, caro (=ineat). Adv. 
solide, stabiliter, firms; — ground, solidum, n. ; 
— bodies, solida, -orum. solidity, n. solidilas. 

soliloquy, n. meditatio (= meditation), 
cum alqs secum loquitur, soliloquize, v.tr. 
ipsum secum loqui. 

solitary, adj. see under Sole. 

solo, n. tinius cantus, -us ; on an instrument, 
quod alqs solus fidibus, etc., canit. 

solstice, n. solstitium( — summer —),brmm 
( = winter— ); relating to the— solstilialis, 
brumalis. 

solve, v.tr. (dis\solvere (properly = to loosen, 
and hence to — knotty points), enodare ( = 
to undo a knot) ; see Explain, solubility, n. 
use verb, soluble, adj. 1, lit. quod dissolri 
potest ; 2, fig. quod cxplanari potest, solution, 
il. 1, = act of dissolving (dis)so!utio ; 2, = what 
is dissolved, dilulum (Plin.) ; 3, = explanation, 
enodatio, expositio, 'dis)solutio, explicatio. sol- 
vent, I. adj. qui solvendo (par) est. II. n. 
quod ad alqd dissolvendum rim hubct. 



somnambulist, n. qui in somnis ambuhtU 
somniferous, adj. t somnifer, somnijicus. 
somnolent, adj. see Sleepy-. 
son, n. jilius, +natus;' a little — , filiolus; 

foster — .alumnus; a — in-law, gener; a step- 
— , privignus; — s and daughters, Ziberf. 

song, n. cantus, -us, caiiticum,cautilciia(con- 
temptuonsly, e.g. eadem cantilena, = the same 
old — ), carmen, modus, songster, n. cantor, 
vocis et cantus modulator; f. cantrix, pSUria, 

sonorous, adj. sonorus, canorus, clarus ; see 
Cleak. Adv. sonore, canore, dare. 

soon, adv. cito; brevi tempore (= in a short 
time), max, jam, propediem ; very — , cxlcmplo 
(= straightway); — after, paul(l)o post, non ita 
■multo -post; — , mature (— shortly), mane; too 
— , ante tempos; to do — , maturate alqd 
facire ; as — as possible, qucm maturrime; 
as — as, quam primum, simul ac or atque, ut 
(primum); as — as, simul ac. sooner, adv. = 
rather, potius^libenlius ; I had — er, mtdlem. 
SOOt, n. fulign. sooty, adj. fuligine oblttus. 
SOOth, n. varum, Veritas; in — , vere, certe ; 
for — , sane, pmfecto. soothsay, v.tr. praedi- 
cere. soothsayer, n. (h)aruspcx, m. ; see 
Prophet, soothsaying, n. auguralio, au- 
gur ium. 

SOOthe, v.tr. mulcere, lenirc, placarc, sedare, 
levarc, mitigarc, tranquillare. soothing, adj. 
by part, or by blandus. Adv. blande. 

sop, I. n. frustum, ojfa (panis). II. v.tr. 
macerare (= to soak). 

sophism, n. sophisma (Sen.), c«ptio. so- 
phist, n. 1, sophiata, m.; 2, tig. homo eaptiosus. 
sophistical, adj. eaptiosus. Adv. captiose. 
sophistry, n. ars sophistica, fallaces attend*. 
artes. 

soporific, adj. jsoporifer, snporus, soinni- 
ficus (Plin.). 

sorcerer, n. venejlcus, sorceress, n. 

venefica, vaaja, saga, sorcery, n. ars magica. 

sordid, adj. sordidus (= un'iean, mean), ab- 
ject as, h » i» His (= despicable), a.arus ( — greedy) ; 
see Mean. Adv. sordidc, abjecte, hvmiliter, 
avare. sordidness, n. sordes, araritia. 

sore, I. n. 1, ulcus, -iris, n.; see Abscess ; 2, 
fig. molest ia; sec Trouble. II. adj. quod alqm 
dolors officii; llg. to be — about anything, alqd 

yravitirferrc. ■ III. adv. aegre, graviter,moleste; 
— wounded, comjrfuribus confectus vulneribus. 



sor 



80S 



spe 



Sorrel, h. oiys. 

sorrel, adj. sjxidix. 

_ sorrow, I. n. dolor, aegriludo, maestitia, moles- 
tia,tristitia,acerbitas,paenitentia(agerepaeniten- 
tiaui rei, = to have — for), dfsit?ern«it(= longing), 
luctus, -us ( = mourning)- II. v.intr. dolere, 
muerere, dolort affici, lugere, desiderare, contris- 
tari, alqm paenitet alcjsrei. sorrowful, adj. 
tristis, maestus, lugubris, dejcctus, afflictus, males- 
tid affeclus; to be — , dolere, aegritudine affici, 
se maerori tradere, contristari. Adv. maestc; see 
Sadly. 

sort, I. n. mos, modus, ratio, genus, -eris, n.(= 
kind or manner) ; after a — , quodammodo ; after 
the same — , similiter; in what — ? quomodo? in 
like — , pari ratione ; of what — ? cujlismodi? 
qualis ? of this — , hujuscemodi ; of that — , 
ejusmodi, istiusmodi ; ho is not the — of man to, 
«o)i is est qui with subj. II. v.tr. (in genera) 
digcrere ; see Separate. III. v.intr. = to be 
suitable, upturn esse; see Suit, sorting, n. 
diribitio. 

sortie, n. excursio, eruptio ; to make a — , 
tTWttl.pe.re, 

sot, n. by homo ebriosus. sottish, adj. ebri- 

osus, vinulentus. 

SOUl, n. anima(= the living principle), ani- 
mus ( = the emotional nature), spiritus, -us { = 
breath, spirit), mens (— the intelligence) ; by my 
■ — , ita vivam ut, etc., nc vivam si, etc. ; from 
my — , ex animo ; with all my — , toto animo; — 
(as a living being), anima, caput, homo ; not a — , 
nemo. 

sound, adj. (as opposed to unsound or rotten) 
sunns ( = in a v natural state, hence our sane, opp. 
insane), salvus (= safe), incolwm,is(= uninjured), 
sospes ( = escaped from peril), integer ( = entire, 
whole), firmus, robustus (= strong), saluber 
(locus), salutaris (herba, ars), comb, sanus et 
salvus; to be — in health, bond or prosperd 
valetudine vti, bene valere ; = deep, of sleep, 
alius, artus ; of knowledge, etc., aitus, accura- 
tvt. Adv. sane, salve, intcgre, firme, robuste, 
alte, arte, accurate, soundness, n. sanitas, 
bona or firma or prospera valetudo (of health), 
salus, -iitis (in gen.), of argument, qravitas. 

sound, I. n. = noise, sonus, sonitus, -its, vox, 
clamor, strepitus, - ft s, fremitus, -«s(= din) ; n high 
— , sonus acutus ; deep — , sonus gravis ; soft — , 
sonus levis. II. v.tr. sonare (in gen.); to — a 
trumpet, tubam inflare ; to — an alarm, tuba sig- 
num dare ; to — a march, (rasa) conclamare; to — 
a retreat, receptui canere or signum dare. III. 
V.intr. sonare, sonitum edere,canere(ol trumpets). 

sound, v.tr. = to test depth, perhaps tcntarc 
quae sit allitudo (maris, finminis, etc.); fig. see 
Examine. 

sound, n. = strait, /return ; see Strait. 

soup, n. jus. 

sour, I. auj. acidns(= sharp), aecrbns, amdrus 
(= bitter), acer; somewhat — , subacvlus ; to be — , 
ace re ; to turn — , ace sec re. Adv. acerbe, acide, 
acriter, morose. II. v.tr. alqm exacerbate; see 
Embitter, sourness, n. acerbitas, amaritudo 
(lit. and fig.), morositas (fig.). 

Source, n. fons, -ntis, m., caput ; to take its 
— in, profiuere ex alqo loco, fig. fons, cuus(s)a, 
principiitm, stirps ; see Fountain. 

south, n. meridies, plaga (or rcgio) australis 
or meridiana, pars mcridiana, regio in meridiem 
spectans ; — wind, renins merirlianus, ventus 
australis (opp. to ventus septentrionalis), ouster 
(= the — wind properly) ; the — east, rcgio inter 
ortwn brumalem et meridiem spectans; — -east 

wind, euronolus ( = east), vulturnus(= — 

east one-third — ); — western, inter occasum bru- 



malem et meridiem spectans ; — west wind, ufrU 

cus; ■ -west, inter meridiem ct occasum soils 

spectans; west wind, libonotus (Plin.) ; 

west west wind, subvesperus. southern, 

adj. meridianus (in later writers meridionalis 
or meridialis), in meridiem spectans, australis. 
southwards, adv. in or ad meridiem. 

southernwood, n, abrotonum (abrotonus). 

sovereign, I. adj. sui juris, alii von sub- 
jectus ; — remedy, remedivm ejjicacissimum. II. 
n. rex, dominus, princeps, imperator, tyrannus. 
sovereignty, n. sunvma rerum or imperii, 
(summum) impcrium, dominatio, dominatus, -us, 
principatus, -us, regnum, tyrannis, -idis, f. ; to 
rise to the — , rerum potiri. 

sow, i). sits. 

SOW, v.tr. serere (lit. and fig.), semen spar- 
gcre, seminare (from semen, = a seed) ; as you — , 
so shall you reap, ut sementem feceris, ita metes. 
sower, n. salor. sowing, n. satio, satus, -us, 
semenlis. 

space, n. spatium, locus; fig., to give — to, 
locum dare, indnlgere rei. spacious, adj. t spa- 
tiosus, ampins, spaciousness, n. amplitudd. 

spade, n. pala. 

span, I. n. palmus (Plin.) ; the — of life, 
exigua vitae brevitas ; the — of the arch was 
20 ft., (u'Ciis viginti pales latus crat. II. v.tr. 
jungere (e.g. flumen ponte, = to — the river). 

spangle, I. n. bractea. II. v.tr. (bracteis) 
distingucre. 

spaniel, n. by canis. 

spar, n. lap>is (-idis) specularis (= a atone, 
Plin.). 

sprvr, n. vectis, m. ; see Stake. 

spar, v.intr. pugnis certare. 

Spar, n. obex, vectis, in. 

spare, v.tr. alci or old rei parcere. 

spark, n. scintilla, igniculus; a — of hope, 
spes exigua, specula, sparkle, v.intr. \scintil- 
hire, fuigere, niter e ; see Glitter, sparkling, 
n. nitor. 

sparrow, n. p>asser, -eris, in. 

spasm, n. sjxismus, spasma, -otis, n. (Plin.), 
tetanus (of the neck), spasmodic, adj. by adv. 
= by fits and starts, perhaps hand una tenore. 

spatter, v.tr. a(d)spergire, 

spawn, I. n. piscivm ova, -orum. II. v.tr. 
Oi'tt gignere. 

speak, v.intr. fari, loqui, dicere, sermocinari 
(= to converse) ; to — Greek, Graced lingua vti, 
Graece loqui; = to make a speech, dicere, loqui, 
verba facerc, orationem habere contionari ; to — 
of, alqm or alqd dicere, de alqd re, = to — about. ; 
to — to, alqm affari, appellare, compellare, alloqit i ; 
to — together, colloqui ; to — for, or to, some- 
thing, testem esse alci rei ; to — for and against, 
in ulramque partem disputare. speaker, n. 
orator (= orator), qui dicit (= person speaking). 
speaking, I. n. locutio, sermo. II. adj. (e.g. 
a — likeness, vera alcjs imago), speech, n. 
1, oratio ; the faculty of — , oratio (whence ratio 
et oratio); 2, =a set — , oratio; contio (before 
a popular assembly), speechless, a4j. see 
Dumb. 

spear, I. n. hasta; see Lance. II. v.tr. 
hastd transfigere. 

special, adj. praecipuus, eximius, egrcgius(= 
excellent), proprius, peculiar is (= — to anyone 
or anything), speciality, n. quod alci or alei 
rei proprium est. specially, adv. praecipue, 
eximie, egregie, imprimis (in primis), maxim', 
prae ceteris, praesertim, valde, or by superl. (e.g. 
— good, optimus). 



spe 



869 



spo 



specie, n. aurum or argent um signatum. 

species, 11. genus, -iris, w., species; the huuiau 
— , genus humamim, specific, I. adj. proprius, 
peculiarly ; — charges, etc., singuli (—one by 
one). II. n. sec Remedy 

specify, v.tr. si(n)<jillatim enumcrare, de- 
nature, specification, n. enumeratio. 

specimen, n. specimen, documentum, exem- 
jiZwwi. 

specious, adj. having a fair appearance, 
sj>eciosas, fucatus, simulatus (= feigned). 

speck, n.macttZa(=aspot), labes,-is( — a stain), 
xota (=a mark) ; = a fault, vitium. speckle, 
v.tr. (eom)maculare, maculis idqtn conspergcre. 
speckled, adj. maculis distinctus, maculatus. 

spectacle, n. spectaculum. spectacles, 
n. perhaps vitrea ad (oculorum) aciem adjuvan- 
dum apta. 

spectator, n. spectator. 

spectre, n. see Ghost. 

speculate, v.intr. 1, cogitare, quaerere, in- 
quirers dc alqd re; see Inquire ; 2, in business, 
quaestui servire. speculation, n. 1, cogitatio 
(= thought) ; to be sunk in — , in cogitatione defix- 
um esse ; scientitic — , rerum contemplatio ; phi- 
losophical — , philosophia ; 2, — in business, ne- 
gotium; to be absorbed in — , emendi et vendendi 
quaestuet lucroduci. speculative, adj. e.g. phi- 
losophy, philosophia contemplativa (Sen.), spe- 
culator, n. qui quaestui servit, quaestuosus. 

speech, n. see Speak. 

speed, I. n. celeritas, velocitas, properatio, 
festinatio. II. v.tr. see Prosper, speedy, 
adj. celtr, velox, properus. speedily, adv. cito, 
celeriter, velociter, propere, festinanter, festinans. 

spell, I. n. incantamentum, carmen. II. 
v.tr. syllabas lit(t)erarHin ordinare. spell- 
bound, adj. defixus, stupens, slupefaclus. spell- 
ing, n. ars lit't)erarum rede ordinandarwn. 

spend, v.tr. pecuniam erogare (esp. of public 
money), (in)sumere (in alqm rem), in alqd re 
sumptum or impensam facere ; to — time, tempus, 
diem, aetatem, etc., agere, degere, consumere, (con)- 
terere (= to waste) ; to — the night, pcrnoctare ; 
I spent three days with him, triduum cum eo 
fui ; tig. to — oneself, alci rei deditum esse; to 
— itself, see Abate, spendthrift, n. nepos. 

spew, v.tr. (e)iwnere. spewing, n. vomitus, 
-us. 

sphere, n. sphaera, globus ; fig. = an office, 
mu nus, -eris, n., officium (=duty); to keep in 
one's own — , $e rerum suarum finibus contincrc. 
spherical, adj. globosus. 

sphinx, ii. sphinx, -ngis, f. 

spice, I. n. condimentum (lit. and fig.) ; a — 
of anything (e.g. of the Devil), nonnihil alcjs 
rei. II. v.tr. aromatibus or uromatis condire. 
spicy, adj. 1, (aromate) conditus; 2, fig. sedsus. 

spider, n. aranea. spider's-web, n. 

aranea (Plaut), texta aranea (Plin.). 

spike, I. n. clavus (= nail), cuspis, -Idis, f. 
(= head of a weapon). II.-v.tr. (e.g. cannon), 
tormenta bellica clavis adaetis inutilia reddere. 

spikenard, n. nardiis (Plin.). 

spill, v.tr. effundere. spilling, n. ejfusio. 

spin, I. v.tr. 1, Here, t stamina durcre, texcre 
telam; 2, versare (= to turn), circumagere, in or- 
bem agere. II. v.intr. circumagi. spinning, 
n. use verb, spinner, n. qui or quae stamina 
net. spindle, n. fusus. 

spine, n. spina (properly = a thorn, then 
the backbone), spinal, adj. qui (quae, quod) 
ad spinavi pertiiiet, 



spinster, u. innupta, virgo. 
spiral, adj. tortuosusfota Hup); sir O.ookkd. 
spire, n. turrit; a — uu a tower, perhaps 
fastigium (= gable). 

spirit, n. spirtrus, -fie (properly = breath or 
air), = animation or vigour, spiritut, sanguis; =. 
soul, animus, mens, spiritus, iiujcuiiim; a lofty 
— , animus excelsus ; of little — , homo jiarvi 
animi ; = the prevailing feeling, mens; = the 
peculiar tone of thought, ingeniiim, natura; = 
temper, disposition, animus, sludium, indoles, 
-is, {., ingenium ; — of the age, horum temjtorum 
or liujus aetatis ratio, or mores, -um, m. ; = 
meaning, scntentia, voluntas; = strong drink, 
vinum or liquor acrior; to understand the — 
of a writer, mentem scriptoris asscqui ; a dis- 
embodied — , animu ; the Holy — , *Spiritus 
Sanctus or Saver; an evil — , daemon; the — s 
of the departed, manes, -ium. spirited, adj. 
animosus, generosus,fortis; sec Brave, spirit- 
less, adj. ignavus, demisstts, fractus; = empty, 
inanis; see Cowardly, spiritual, adj. (not sen- 
suous) by the gen. animi or iugenii; — without 
body, corpore carens, ab omiii conaelione mortali 
segregatus; — mind, animus religiosus, pius erga 
Deum; opp. to secular, * ecclcsiaalicus. Adv. 
animo, mente ; = religiously, caste, religiose, 
pure, pie. spiritualism, n. by credere animas 
mortuorum cum hominibus communicare. spi- 
ritualist, n. gin inter mortuos ac vivos com- 
mercium esse putat. spirituality, n. animus 
rerum divinarnm studiosus. spiritualities, 
n. reditus ecclesiastici. 

spit, n. (= utensil to roast meat on), veru. 

spit, v.intr. (ex)spuere. spittle, n. see Saliva. 

spite, I. n. odium occultum, simultas obscura, 
malevoleutia, livor ; to have or show a — , sue- 
censere alci, odium occultum gerere adversus alqm ; 
in — of, adversus, or in with accus., or by cum 
(e.g. ivit cum mancre Mi lireret), or by abl. abs. 
(e.g. in — of the laws, legibus conteviptis). II. 
v.tr. see Annoy, spiteful, adj. malignus, 
malecolus, lividus. Adv. maligne, malevole. 

splash, v.tr. a(d)spergcre. 

spleen, n. lien, splen; fig. odium, livor, in- 
vidia. splenetic, adj. 1, lienosus; 2, viale- 
vol us, malignus. 

splendid, adj. splendUhis, splendens, fulgens, 
nitens, nitidus, (prae)clarus. Adv. splendide, 
nitide, magnifice, ()>rae)clare. splendour, n. 
splendor, fxdgor, nitor ; lit, and fig. apjxiratus, 
■lis (= pomp). 

splice, v.tr. partes inter se texire. 

splint, n. canalis, ferulae (Cels.). splinter, 
n. ossis fragmentum (of a bone), ligni assula or 
fragmentum (of wood). 

split, I. n. fissura (Plin.), scissura (Plin.). 
II. v.tr. (dif)fiiuttre, scindcre. III. v.intr. 
(difyindi, dissilire (= to leap apart). 

spoil, I. n. praeda; the — of war, spolia, 
■orum ; — taken from the person of an enemy, 
exuviae. II. v.tr. 1, s}>oliare; see Plunder ; 2, 
= to injure, corrumpcre; see Destroy ; 3, = to 
indulge too much, nimis alci morigerari. spoil- 
er, n. praetlator, sjxiliator. spoiling, spolia- 
tion, n. spoliatio, expilatio, direptio. 

spoke, n. (of a wheel), radius (rotae). 

spondco, n. spondius (acil. ]**). 

sponge, I. n. sjwiqia. II. v.tr. sjnngid ab- 
stergere. sponge-cake, n. placenta, spongy^ 
adj. spongiosus (Plin.). 

sponsor, n. sponsor. 

spontaneous, adj. libens. Adv. ultro, sponte 
(sua), suo motu. spontaneousness, spo*- 



spo 



870 



sta 



taneity, n. by arbitrium (e.g. quod alcjs arbi- 
trio factum est). 

spoon, n. cochlear (cochleare, cochlear ium, 
Plin.), ligula (= ladle), spoonful, n. cochlear. 

sport, I. n. 1, India (= game), = to hunting, 
venatin; 2, = mockery, ludibrium; to make — of, 
alci illudere ; see Mock. II. v. intr. ludcrc ; to — 
about, lascivire. sportive, adj. lascivus(— play- 
ful), jocosus (=jocose) ; see Playful, Jocose. 
Adv. lascivc, jocose, sportivencss, n. lascivia, 
jecus. sportsman, n. renator. 

spot, I. n. 1, macula (lit. and tig.), nota (= 
mark; also = disgrace) ; see Stain; 2, = place, 
locus. II. v.tr. notare (lit.), maculate, inquinare 
(fig.), spotless, adj. sine maculis, castus, 
purus, sanctus, integer. Adv. sine maculis, 
caste, pure, sancte, integre. spotted, adj. 
maculosus. 

spouse, n. maritus (the husband), uxor (the 
wife), co(n)ji(iij; (the husband or the wife). 

spoilt, I. n. os ; = pipe, fistula. II. v.intr. 
etumpire, exsilire. 

sprain, n. and v.tr. perhaps by convellere 
(Col.), manure, serpere (fig.). 

sprawl, v.intr. humi prostratum jaccre. 

spray, n. of the sea, spuma (= foam). 

spray, n. of a tree, perhaps virgula ; see 
Bprio. 

spread, I. v.tr. (ex)pandere (— to lay open), 
explicare (=to unfold), extendere (= to stretch 
out), stetnete (= to lay out or flat), spargers (= to 
scatter), sercre, disseminare (= to sow seed broad- 
cast), differre, (di)vulgarc (= to make common), 
dilatare (=to stretch out). II. v.intr. patere, 
extendi (lit.), percrebescSre, increbescere, (di)vulgari 
(tig.), spreading, adj. tfatulus. 

sprig, n. surculus, virgula. 

sprightliness, n. alacritas (= eagerness), 
facetiae, sal, -is, m. (=\vit); see Eac.erness, 
Wit. sprightly, adj. alaccr, facetus, salsus. 

spring, I. n. 1, = origin, origo, ortus, -us, foils, 
'litis, in. (= source), principium, caus(s)a; =: 
fountain, fons, scaturigo (rare) ; 2, = first season 
of the year, ver, tempus vernum ; the — of life, 
iniens aetas ; 3, = — in machinery, perhaps by 
machinatio (e.g. machinatio quddammoveri, Cic). 
II. v.intr. salire (= to leap); to — down, desil- 
ire ; to — forward, prosilire ; to — from, to take 
origin in, ex alqo or alqd re(e)nasci, (ex)oriri, pro- 
ficisci ; to — out, prosilire, pro r umpire ; to — 
up, crescirc (=to grow), surgcrc (= to rise, of 
winds, etc.). III. v.tr. to — a leak, rimas age re ; 
to — a mine, cunicuium igni explodcre. spring- 
tide, n. acstus, -us, maximus. 

sprinkle, v.tr. alqm alqd re spargcre, a(d)- 
spergere, conspergete. 

sprite, n. faunus (=■ faun), or nympha (= 
nymph). 

sprout, I. n. surculus ; see Shoot. II. 
v.intr. germinarc (Plin.). 

spruce, adj. comptus, bcllus, ornatus, concin- 
nus, nitidus, tlegans. Adv. compte, belle, ornate, 
ii.it ide, elegonter. 

spur, I. n. ealcar (lit. and fig.). II. v.tr. 
equo ealcaria subdire or equum calcaribus convi- 
tare or stimulare. 

spurious, adj. adultcrinus, falsus. 

spurn, v.tr. fastidire, aspemari, repudiate; 
to — with the foot ; see Kick. 

spurt, I. v.intr. summd vi contendere. II. 
U. nisus, -its; see Effort. 

sputter, v.tr. spucre; to — out, balbutire 
(=to stammer). 



spy, I. n. explorator, speculator, emhsvrius. 
II. v.intr. erplorare, spcculari. 

squabble, I. n. rixa, altercatio. II. v.intr. 
rixari. 

squadron, n. cquitum tumna, ala ; — of 
ships, classis. 

squalid, adj. sordidns, squalidus, spurcus; 
see Dirty. 

squall, I, n. subita tempestas ; = crying, vu- 
gitus, -us. II. v.intr. vagire. 

squalor, squalidity, squalidness, n. 

sordes, -is, (., usu. in pi., squalor, spurcitia, spur- 
cities. Adv. sordide, squalide, spurce. 

squander, v.tr. profundere, effundcrr, per- 
dere, dissipare. squanderer, n. nepos, -<~>tis,m. 

square, I. adj. quadratics. II. n. quadratum, 
n. III. v.tr. quadrarc. 

squash, v.tr. see Crush. 

squat, I. v.intr. subsidcre. II. adj. habitu 
corporis brevis at que obesus. 

squeak, I. n. stridor. II, v.intr. slridere. 

squeamish, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus. 
squeamishness, n. fastidium. 

squeeze, I. n. comprcssio. II. v.tr. pre- 
mere, comprimcre ; to — out, exprimere. 

squib, n. see Lampoon. 

squint, v.intr. limis or perversis oculis esse, 
limis spectare, slrabonem esse; to — at, limis 
oculis intueri alqd or alqm. 

squire, n. *armiger. 

squirrel, n. sciurus (Plin.). 

squirt, n. and v.tr. see Syringe. 

stab, I. n. ictus, -its (=a blow), or minus, 
-cris, sicd factum. II. v.tr. (con)fodere, or sled 
or pugione ferirc, sicd conficere (= to slay by 
stabbing, etc.). stabber, n. skarius. 

Stable, I. adj. stabilis, firmus ; fig. constans, 
propositi tcnax. II. n. stabulum (= stall, or in 
pi.). III. v.tr. stabulare. stability, n. stabili- 
tas, Jirmitas, constantia. 

Stack, I. n. vieta (of hay), cumulus, acervus, 
strues, -is, f. II. v.tr. annulare; see Pile. 

staff, n. baculum, bacillum, scipio (carried 
before officials), fustis, in. (= cudgel) ; an augur's 
— , litu.ua; the — of a spear, hostile; shep- 
lerd's — , pedum; herald's — , caduceus ; to lean 
on a — , bacido inniti; — of officers, legati et 
pracfecti et tribuni militum ; any other — . 
(of assistants) socii, (= colleague's) adjutores, 
ministri. 

stag, n. cervus. 

stage, n. 1. of a theatre, proscaeniitm, scaena 
(lit. = the wall which closed the — behind) ; 2, 
Ilg. scaena (e.g. to go upon the — , in scaenavi 
prod ire) ; 3, = degree, gradus, -its; = part of a 
journey, iter, itineris, n. stage-coach, n. 
vchiculum publicum. 

stagger, I. v.intr. litubare, vacillate, incertis 
ire. pedibus. II. v.tr. animum movere, percutere. 
staggers, n. vertigo. 

stagnant, adj. 1, stagnans ; 2, fig. see 
Slow, stagnate, v.intr. 1, fstagnare; 2, 
perhaps hebescere, languere. 

staid, adj. see Sober. 

stain, I. n. 1, macula, labes, -is, dccoloratio 
(the act); 2, fig. macula, labes, -is, f., nota 
(= mark), dedecus, -oris, n. ; see Shame. II. 
v.tr. 1, see Dye, Dirty ; 2, iig. maculate, 
foedare, pollucrc; to — a reputation, olrjs exis- 
timulionem violate, alcjs famae or alci notam 
turpitudinis inurere, alqm infamid a(d)spcrgere ; 
= to discolour, dccolorarc; —to dye, tiuycrc, 
inficere, stainless, adj. punts; see Pun?:, 



sta 



871 



ste 



stair, n. gradus, -us ; a — case, sndae (scalis 
habito tribns, = I dwell up three pair of — s). 

stake, 1. 11. pains, stipes, -itis, m. ; ;is instru- 
ment of punishment, palus(— — to which cri- 
minals were bound ; where burning is implied, 

better use igni inierficere); a — at play or gamb- 
ling, pignus, -eris, n. (=a bet), quod ponihtr; 
to be at — , agi, periclitari, ill discrimen adduci; 
my honour is at — , fama agitur mea, II. v.tr. 
(de)ponere. 

stale, adj. vttus, dbsoUtus, exsoletus (= worn 
out) ; to become — , obsolescent 

stalk, I. n. caxdis (of a herb), caudee (of a 
tree), scapus, admits (— green stalk), calamus 
(= reed) ; see Stem. II. v.intr. (magnijicc) 
incedere, t sjtatiari. 

stall, I. n. slabulum; =a little simp, rx- 
lerna ; =a scat in a choir, scite. II. v.tr. 
slabularc. 

stallion, n. (eguvs) aduiissuHus. 

stamen, n. stamen. 

stammer, I. v.intr. balbutire, Il.n.use verb. 

stamp, I. n. note, signum, imago (impressa) ; 
persons of that — , ejvsmodi homines ; tlie — 
or blow of tlie foot, (jiedis) supplosio. II. 
v.intr. pedibus calcare, pulsate, jiedem supplodcre. 
III. v.tr. to — under foot, conculeare ; = to 
mark, signare, nature, signum or notam impri- 
tnere ; to — money, nummos signare or aiders. 

stanch, v.tr. see Staunch. 

stn.. I. n. mora (= delay), locits, statio (= 
place for standing) ; = prop, statumen, udmiuicu- 
lum ; = sideboard, etc., abacus; to come to 
a — , subsistere ; to make a — against, resistere ; 
to take a — , locum capers ; to be at a — , haercrc, 
unimi pendere. II. v.intr. stare, consistere ; to 
let a thing — , non movere alqd; it — s written, 
Ut(tyris consign :tum est, legimus ; to — good, ob- 
tine re ," to — against, ulci resistere; to — still, 
guiescere; to — aside, rccedcre ; to — by anyone, 
ulci udesse; to — fast, consistere ; to — for an 
office, munus peters or ambire; to — good in 
law, lege mlere; to — on ceremony, cum alqo 
conciter sed haud familiaritcr agcre; not to — 
on ceremony, cum alqo umieissime agere; to — in 
the way, alei obstarc ; to — out, eminerc, promi- 
tiere ; to — out to sea, vela dare ; to — up, surgere, 
ei edit in stare, horrere(= to bristle) ; to — before 
a person, ussurgcrc (or of several, eonsurgere) 
ulci. III. v.tr. see Endure, standing, I. 
adj. or part, slaus ; = lasting, diuturnus, per- 
petuus; — erect, erect us ; — water, aqua stag- 
nans; — camp, caslra stuliva ; — army, milites. 
II. n. gradus, -us, locus, ordo ; see Rank; of 
long — , vet us; of short — , recens. Stand- 
Still, n. to be at a — , haererc. 

standard, n. 1, = flag, vexillum; to raise a 
— , vexillum. tollere; to hoist or displays — , 
vexillum proponerc; aquila (i.e. the eagle of the 
legion) ; 2, = measure, regula, norma., stan- 
dard-bearer, n. vexillarius, signifer, aquili/er. 

stanza, n. versuum series. 

staple, I. n. 1, emporium(= market) ; 2, see 
Hook. II. adj. — commodities, by res alcjs 
terras propriae. 

Star, n. astrum,sidus,-eris, n.(= a collection of 
— s, also = ctit rum), sign um (= a sign in the skies), 
Stella; = a distinguished person, Cg. Africanus 
sol alter, = a — of the first magnitude ; tlie — s 
of the State, lamina civitatis ; = a critical sign 
or mark, asterlscus (Gram.) J the — under which 
one is born, sidus natalicium. star-gazer, n. 
ustrvlogus (— interpreter of stars), starlight, 
adj. sideribus illustris (Tac). Starry, adj. 
Z-i.dVfvr, ustris distinetus el onialus, 



starboard, adj. and n. latus nacis dextrum. 

starch, n. amylum (Plin.). 

stare, I. u. obtutus, -its. II. v.intr. obtutum 
in re Jigcrc, conspiairi, inlet ri, tkuptrt (with 
astonishment). 

Stark, adj. rigeus (with cold) ; see Stikk. 

starling, u. tturnus (I'liu.). 

Start, I. n. \,snltus, -ii$(=jiiiup) ; by fits and 

— s, Laud uno tenure; 2, see BBOIMNIKO, Com- 
mexcement; 3, = setting our, prafectio; to get 
the — of anything, atqm anlecetlire (lit.), «2'/m 
snjierare (fig.). II. v.intr. 1, trepidare, expo- 
veseerc ; 2, see Beuin ; 3, = to get out, )'/■ 

III. v.tr. iuitinm alcjs rei facers, idqd iustitnerc. 

Startle, v.tr. (dim. of Start) alci metum in- 
(j)iccre, ahpii improviso, dc imprvl'iso, imprudcii- 
km or lucopiuantem opjtrimire, startling, 
adj. miraudus, mirijicus. 

starve, I. v.tr. fame or intdut nceare, con- 
II. v.intr. fame or incdid uecari, con- 
sumi. 

state, I. n. l,sii'tus,-us,cundicio,locus, ra,for- 
luiia; a good — , resseemidae ; a bad — , resudvi r- 
sae ; 2, = rank, homo mci loci atque ordinis ; 3, = 
a city or commonwealth, civitas, respublioa, rcg- 
num, imperiitm; at the cost of the — , sumptu 
publico; a maxim of — , ratio civilis ; a minister 
of — , socius et administer rcipublicac gcrcn- 
due; council of — , consilium publicum; 4, = 
grandeur, cultus, oruatus, apparatus (all -us), 
maguijicus. II. v.tr. narrare, pratdicari, 
dicere, proJUeri, affirnuire, confirmure, asstverare. 
stately, adj. of carriage, ereefu<(=iiprightX 
nobilis (noble); of banquets, etc., laulus, mag- 
nifies, stateliness, n. use adj. states- 
man, n. vir reipublicae peritus. statesman- 
ship, n. ars veipublicac regendnc. station, 
I. n. 1, see Position; 2, see Rank. II. v.tr. 
see Place, Sin. stationary, adj. slalivus 
(stativa caslra), immobilis, imvtotus, quod nun 
movetur, ileus, stationer, n. churturius (= a 
paper-seller ; very late), stationery, u. see 
Paper. 

statistics, n. by res (singulae), (of details) ; 
omnia (of information collectively). 

statuerr.. staiua, simulacrum (= likeness), 
signum, imago, statuary, n. see Sculptor, 
Sculpture. 

stature, n. statura; a man of low, etc., — , 
homo parvae, magnae, procerus stalurae. 

statute, n. lex. statutable, adj. legitimus. 

staunch, I. adj. firmus, solidus, bonus; a 

— friend, amicus certus, fidus, fuhlis. II. v.tr. 
sanguinem sistere, cohibere (Cels.). 

Stay, I. v.tr. 1, = to prop, fulcire, julcire et 
sustinere, statuminarc (by a post or beam), ad- 
m iuiculari (as the vine is trained on supports); to 

— yourself on, niti(orinniti)alqd re(inalqd re),in 
alqd'inalqm); 2, = to stop, arrest, (dc)morari,dc- 
tinere, cohibere ; sec Check. II. v.intr.= to abide 
or tarry, commorari, mature, versari ; to — with, 
apud alqd manere ; to - much anywhere, focmu 
frequentarc. Stays, B. use mamillare (Mart.). 

Stead, n. in — of, pro, loco, vice, in locum, in 
vicem alcjs; in — of, etc., taiittftn abest, ut, etc., 
non modo non . . . sed elium ; in — of the consul, 
pro consuls ; to bo in — of a father, pro pat re esse 
alci, cum debcat or deberet (e.g. in— of going, he 
did this, hoc facet, cum ire deberet). 

steady, steadfast, adj. si<dnlis,firmus(\it. 
and fig.), constans, gravis, fidus, fidclis (tig.). 
Adv. fume, graviter, tirmiter, constanter, fide, 
ridciiier. steadiness, steadfastness, n. 
stabilitas, firmitas, constant ia, ■jraiiias, sobrutat 
(in l'egard to drink). 



ste 



872 



sto 



steak, 11. offella, offvla; a beef—, offula 
caruis bubulue. 

steal, v.tr. furtum facere, furari, sum] hi 
(siibr-), avertere, intercipere; to — out of the 
city, dam se vrbe subducere ; to — over anyone 
(of sleep, etc.), aUpn svbire. stealer, n. fur. 
stealth, n. by — , furtim, dam. stealthy, 
adj. furtivns (e.g. amor), dandestinus, occultus, 
(edits. Adv. furtive, furtim, dam, occulte, tecte. 

steam, I. n. vapor, ntdor (from anything 
cooked), fiimns (= smoke). II. v.tr. vaporare. 
steamboat, n. navis vi vapSris (nenue velis) 
impulsa. steam-engine, n. machina vi im- 
ports impulsa. 

steed, n. equus. 

steel, I. n. chalybs; — sword, ferrum. II. 
v.tr. see Harden. 

Steep, I. adj. praeruvtus, praeceps, arduus. 
II. n. locus praeceps. III. v.tr. aqwl macerare 
or mollire ; see Soak, steepness, n. use adj. 

Steeple, n. turris (= tower), perhaps fasti- 
gium turri superposition (for a — on a tower). 
steeplechase, n. see Race. 

Steer, v.tr. gubernare, regerc ; to — a ship, 
navcm gubernare (so gubernare rcmpublicam). 
Steerage, n. and adj. puppis (e.s;. — passen- 
gers, qui in puppi vehuntur). steering, n. 
gubernatio. Steersman, n. guberu'dor (so rei- 
publicae), rector (tig.). 

steer, n. = young bull, juvencus. 

Stem, I. n. arboris slirps or truncus (of a 
tree), eaulis, calamus (of a plant); = race, pro- 
genies, stirps, prosapia, familia, genus, -iris, n. 
II. v.tr. cohibere, sistere, cocrcere, rcprimere; to 
— the tide, aestwn marinum sistere; to — the 
sedition, sedit io nem sedare, compescere ; see also 
Resist. 

stench, n. foetor, putor (ante and post class.). 

Step, I. n. = a stair, gradus, -us; = a pace, 
gradus, pa-ssus, gressus, all -lis ; to take — s, agere, 
aglre ct moliri, consilium capere ; extreme — , 
ultima experiri ; to keep — with, alcjs gradus 
aeqvnre ; fig.varem esse alci ; — by — , gradatim, 
pedetentim. II. v.intr. gradi, voder e; to — for- 
wards, progredi, pergere ; to — over, transire, su- 
po-are alqd. step-brother, n. fiKv* ntrici (on 
the father's Bide),/tK«s )iorerc«e(on the motlier's). 
step-daughter, n. privigna. step-father, 
n. vilricus. step-mother, u. noverca. step- 
sister, n.filia vitrici or novercae. stepson, 
n. privignus. 

stereotype, n. format lit(t)crarum fxae. 
stereotyped, adj. tritns; see Trite. 

sterile, adj. sterilis (lit. and fig.), ster- 
ility, n. sterilitas (lit. and fig.). 

sterling, adj. verus, bonus. 

Stern, adj. t torvus, durus, srverus, austerus. 
Adv. dure, duriter, severe. Sternness, n. seve- 
ritas. 

stern, n. puppis (= poop). 

Stew, I. v.tr. camera (ignc lento) coquere. 
II. n. euro ligne lento) coda. 

steward, n. procurator, curator, dispensator, 
administrator, villicus (of the farm); — of the 
house, rerum domestiearwm curator, steward- 
ship, n. cura, proeuratio, dispensaioris munus, 
■iris, ii., ailininiitnitio. 

Stiok, I. n. boculnm, baclllwn, radius (= 
wand), virga (— rod), clava, fustis. -is(= cudgel), 
pains. II. v.intr. 1, haertre, adhaerere, cohae- 
r<Tc(= to — together); 2, tig. haerere, haesitare, 

dubitare. III. v.tr. (nf)figvrc (= to — to), deft- 
girt, praeflgerths: to — before), iiiflgere; see Stab. 
Sticking-plaster, n. impfimtrum (Plin.). 
Stickle, v.intr. svrnmo studio, in prod alqd in- 



cumbcre. Stickler, n. qui summo studio in alqd 
incumbiU sticky, adj. lentus, tenax. 

Stiff, adj. rigidus, rigeus, durus; ■ — in cha- 
racter, pertiiwx, inezorabilis, rigidus; in niau- 
ncrs, perhaps rusticus, agrestis, parum comis ; 
to be — , rigcre. Adv. rigide, dun, duriter, 
pcrtinaciter, rigide, rustier, parum comiter. 
stiffen, v.tr. durare, inditrare, rigidum facere. 
stiffness, n. rigor, rigiditas (lit. and fig.), 
rusticitas (fig.). 

stifle, v.tr. 1, suffocare, spirilwn iiiterdudcrc; 
2, tig. opprimire, er\s)tingucre. 

stigma, n. nota. stigmatize, v.tr. notam 
(turpitudinis) inurcre alci. 

Stile, n. daustra, -orum (= barrier). 

Still, I. adj. tranquillus, quietus, placidus, 
sedatus, tacitus, silens, lenis (— gentle), immotus 
(= motionless); — night, noxiacita; be — ,taccas, 
tfiiaeso! quiescc! II. v.tr. sedare, reprimire, re- 
stinguerc, e.i{s)tinguire, lenire, permulcere ; to — 
hunger, fumcm cxplcre. III. Adv. 1, = up to 
this time, adhuc, etiam, etiamnunc (or etiam- 
num) ; 2, with com par. (e.g. — more), etiam 
vxtgis ; = especially, praesertim; 3, see Never- 
theless, stilling, n. scdatio. stillness, n. 
sitcntium, tranquillitas, quies. 

Still, n. * alembicum. 

Stilts, n. grallae. stilted, adj. see Inflated. 

stimulant, n. vinum (=wine). stimu- 
late, v.tr. stimulate, excitare ; see Encourage. 
stimulus, n. stimulus, incitamentum, irrita* 
mentum (mostly in pi.), calcar (c=spur). 

sting, I. n. aculeus ; the wound from a — , 
ictus, -us. II, v.tr. pungere (lit. and tig.), 
aculeos infigere. Stinging, adj. mordens, mar- 
dax, acerbus, aculeatus. 

Stingy, adj. 2> a rcvs, scrdidus, tenax, malig- 
nus. Adv. puree, sordide, maligne. stingi- 
ness, n. parsimonia, tenacitas, malignitas ; see 
Meanness. 

stink, n. and v.intr. see Smell. 

Stint, I. n. inopia ; see Need. II. v.tr. alqd 
alci parce dare; alqm alqd re privare (= to 
deprive of). 

stipend, n. see Salary, stipendiary, 
adj. mercenaries, stipendiarius. 

stipulate, v.intr. stipidari,pacisci. stipu- 
lation, n. stipulatio, pactum, condicio. 

stir, I. n. motus, -iis, tvmv.ltus, -its, turba, 
strepitus, -us ; to be in a — , moveri, agitari. II. 
v.tr. (cor,i)movcre ; to — oneself, moveri. III. 
v.intr. moveri, progredi; see Go, Advance. 

Stirrup, n. perhaps lorum ad pedem, sus- 
tinendum ex epkippio pendens. (The Romans 
rode without stirrups, see Smith's "Dict.Antiq.," 
art. Ephippinm.) 

Stitch, I. n. — in the side, lateris dolor. 
II. v.tr. (con)suere. 

Stock, I. n. (cirboris) truncus, stirps, stipes, 
■ids, in. : — s for ship-building, navaiia, -ium 
(= a dock) ; the — s (as instrument of punish- 
ment), by pedicae (= fetters); a — or family, 
gens, stirps ; descended from a noble — , claro or 
honesto loco nahts ; = quantity, magna copia ; 
— of money, ingens num(m)orum vis; — ■ dove, 
palumbes, -is, m. and f. ; — jobber, argenta- 
rius. II. v.tr. ivslrucrc ; see Provide. III. 
adj. see Common, Trite. IV. adv. — still, im- 
motus. 

stockade, n. vallum. 

Stocking, n. tibiale, -is, n. (Suet.). 

stoic, adj. and n. stoi<-us. stoical, stoic- 
ally, adj. and adv. stoico, ut aivnf, more, 
stoicism, n, ratio stnicortnn 



sto 



873 



str 



stomach, I. n. 1, atomacliws; 2, = anger, 
slomachus. II. v.tr. stomachari, alqd indigne 
/feme, stomacher, n. mamillare (Mart.). 

Stone, I. li. lapis, -idis, in., sax urn ; — in the 
human body, calculus (Cels. ) ; — of fruit, nu- 
cleus, sec Kernel ; precious — , gemma ; to 
throw — s at, lavides con(j)ic5re in alqm; a — 
breaker, lapicida, m. ; — quarry, lapicidinae ; 
a — \s-throw, lapidis jactus, -lis. II. v.tr. lapi- 
des in alqm con(j)iciire. Stoning, n. lapidutio. 
Stony, adj. lapideus (of stone), saxeus, lajri- 
dosus, sarosi<s(= abounding in stones), stony- 
hearted, adj. durus,ferreus. 

Stool, n. scabellum. 

Stoop, v.intr. se inclinare, proclinare, se de- 
mittere. stooping, I. n. corporis inclinatio. 
II. adj. promts, inclinatus. 

stop, I. v.intr. (con)sistere, resistere, sub- 
sistere, gradum sistere (= to stay), in a place, alqo 
(or iu alqo) loco, versari in alqo loco, morari ; = to 
cease, ab alqd re cessare, alqd omit tire. II. v.tr. 
sistere ; = to hinder, prohibcre, inhibere, coercere, 
impedire ; a sedition, etc., ex(s)tinguere, com- 
pescere ; = to block up, viam intercludere, a 
bottle, etc., obturare, occliulcre ; = to punctuate, 
■interpungerc (Sen.). III. n. imped imentum, 
mora ; see Hindrance ; — (in printing), inter- 
punchnu ; without — , sine mora, stoppage, 
n. obstructio, impedimentitm, retentio (= holding 
back), of the bowels, alvus a(d)stricla (Cels.). 
stopper, n. ubturamentum (Plin.), 

store, i. n. copia, magna vis, abundantui 
(= plenty) ; to have a — , abundare, ajhtere re; 
— of provisions, commeatus, -lis (for the army), 
alimenta, -orum, annona ; — house, apotliica, 
horrcum (= granary); — --room, cella promptu- 
aria or penaria. II. v.tr. coacervare, reponere, 
condere, instruere, ornare re ; to — yourself with, 
sibi comparare alqd, providcre rci. 

storey, n. tabulatio, tabulation. 

Stork, ii. ciconia. 

storm, I. n. tempestas, procella; fig. tempestas, 
fluctus, -us ; = a violent attack, impetus, -us, vis; 
a — cloud, nimbus. II. v.tr., e.g. urbem vi op- 
pugnare, expugnare ; to take by — , vi capere. 
XII. v.intr. furere, saevire; see Race, storm- 
ing, I. n. expugnatio. II. adj. — party, 
(miiitcs) ad urbem oppugnandammissi. stormy, 
adj. 1, lit. turbidus, procellosus ; 2, tig. iratus 
(= angry), tumulluosus. Adv. irate, turbidc. 

story, n. res, narratio, narratiuncula, fubula 
(= fable) ; to tell a — , narrare; =a falsehood, 
mendacium; a — -teller, narrator, mendax (— 
liar). 

stout, adj. crassus, obesus (— fat), vastus, 
ampltts (= large), fortis, constans, virilis, ralens, 
validus, firmus, robitstus, potens (= strong); see 
Fat, Strong. Adv. fortUer, constanter,acritcr, 
pro virions suis, valide, robuste. stoutness, 
n. 1, see Corpulence ; 2, see Couraoe, En- 
durance. 

stove, n. focus, caminvs. 

stow, v.tr. see Store, stowage, n. locus. 

Straddle, v.intr. variettre (ante and post 
class.), straddling, adj. various. 

Straggle, v.intr. vagctri, dcerrare, palari. 

straight, I. adj. (di)ratus, ereetus (=np- 
right); a— line, linea direeta; a — way, recta 
via. II. adv. — way, recto ilinere, sttttim, 
io nft sti in (— immediately), pmliuits (= both 
— forward and immediately), straighten, 
v.tr. corrigere (lit. and tig., in former sense 
mostly ante and post class.), straightfor- 
ward, adj. simplex; see Frank, Upright. 

Strain, I. n. in/cntio, contentio (corporis, 

28* 



nervorum; opp. remissio); = tune, see Tune; 
in this — , ita, sic (= thus), or by reh RehteiicO 
(e.g. quae cum dixissrl, abiit, having spoken in 
this — , lie went oli,. II. v.tr. (in)tendire, in- 
ten-tare, contendere in or en/ alqd, contra abpn or 
alqd ; — to sprain, see Sprain ; = to filter, see 
Filter. 

Strait, I. adj. artns (arctus), angustus, strut, is 
(= bound up). II. n. frttvm ; the — of Gibraltar, 
Jretnni Gaditanum ; — of Constantinople, Bos- 
porus Thracius ; =a narrow path, viarum or 
locorum or itineris angustioe ; = a difficulty, 
angustiae ; — poverty, inopia, res dnrae or 
angustae. Straiten, v.tr. in angustia-s ad- 
duce re. 

strand, I. n. litus, -oris, n., ripa, acta. II. 
v.tr. navem vadis or litoribus illidcre or impiyi- 
gere, in litus e(f)ici. 

strange, adj. 1, = foreign, peregnnus, ex- 
ternus, extents (= outward, the first, of persons 
and things, opp. intestinus ; the second, of per- 
sons, esp. with genles and nationes, as opp. to 
socii), extraneus (— not belonging to the family), 
advcnticius(= coming from abroad, opp. vernactt- 
lus), barbarus(= not Roman) ; 2, = unversed in, 
a stranger to, in alqd re pcregrinus or ulicnns, 
hospes, or rud is ; — ■ in this city, ignarus hitjus 
urbis ; 3, — unusual, insolUus, insolent, novus, 
minis: that seems — to me, mirum hoc miki 
videtur, miror, admiror hoc; 4, = not belong- 
ing to one, alienus ; to fall into — hands, 
in alienas manus incidcre ; 5, = unsuitable, 
averse, alienus; to be — , alienum esse, ab- 
horrere ab. Adv. minim in modum, varifice, 
mirttbiliter, inusitate. strangeness, n. no- 
vitas, insalentia, or by adj. stranger, n. 
hospes, -His, in. (in gen.), externus (opp. civis), 
aliiinigena, m. (opp. indigena), advena, m. and f. 
(= incomer), barbarus. 

strangle, v.tr. strangulare, laquco interi- 
mere, gulam laquco frangerc. 

strap, I. n. lorttm (of leather). II. v.tr. 
loris (cou)stringcre (= to bandage). 

stratagem, n. ars, dolus, consilium, astvs, 
-us, iusidiue. strategic, adj. quod ad pru- 
deutern ducem pcrtinet. Strategist, n. dux 
prudens or peritus. strategy, ll. ars belli 
gerendi. 

Stratum, n. perhnps stratum as t.t., or by 
ciiviimloc. (e.g. genus aliuil alci impositum). 
Stratify, v.tr. perhaps by digerere, disponire. 

Straw, I. n. stramentum. II. adj. stramen- 
tkius. strawberry, n.fragum. 

Stray, v.intr. (ab)errare, vagi, pali. 

Streak, I. n. linen, nota (= mark). II. v.tr, 
lincis or vuriis coloribus distinguere. 

stream, I. n. flumen(= flowing water); down 
the — , ftumine secundo ; up the — , fiumine 
adverso. II. v.intr. Jluere, e fundi in rem; to 
— together, undique convenire. 

streamer, n. vexillum, signum. 

street, n. via, vicus (= the street as running 
between two lines of houses), platca (— the broad 
open roads or promenades in a city), aitgiportus, 
■us (= narrow crossways, streets, or alleys) ; a 
public — , in contrast with the homes, was 
called publicum; in publico (opp. to in privato; 
= iu public, on the high road); to remain all 
night in the — , jacfrc et pernoctare in publico. 

strength, ii. l>i»(or in pi. rircs), nerri, rubur, 
■id is, n.,i>pes (= resources), as passive quality, — 
of resistance, firmitas ; to feel your — , sibi con- 
fidere ; to have — in, multum valerc re, excellent 
'in n. strengthen, I. v.tr. mrroborarc, (con)- 
firman ; to -- yourself, se reflcere, II, v.intr. by 



str 



S?4 



St'. 



pass, cofroborari, etc. ; see also 1n< rease. 
strengthened, adj. confirmatns. streng- 
thening, n. confirmatio (e.g. perpetvac libertu- 
tis, animi). 

strenuous, adj. stremtvs (opp. iners, igna- 
tms), impiger, acer ; see Active. Adv. strcnne, 
impigre, aeriter. strenuousness, n. (y)navi- 
tas, stud turn. 

stress, n. rei momentum, vis, vis ct pondvs, 
-eris, n. ; with — , cum vi, graviler; to lay — on, 
alqd re niti or confidere, in re spem or fiduciam 
ponerc ; — of weather, tempestus, procella. 

stretch, I. v.tr. (?x)tendcre, contendere, in- 
tendire ; to — forth or out, protendere, porrigere; 
to — the iron under the hammer, ferrum produ- 
ctive incude. II. v.intr. see Reach. III. n. 
conlentio, intentio, nisits, -us (= effort); at a — , 
uno tenor e; — of land, campus, stretcher, n. 
see Litter. 

strew, v.tr. sternere (= to lay on the ground), 
spargcre (= to scatter). 

strict, adj. 1, = accurate, accvralus, dili- 
gens ; to tell in — confidence, alqd aid in avraa 
Uiccre; 2, severus, rigidvs; see Severe. Adv. 
= truly, re vera, reapse ; — accurately, accurate, 
dlligcnter; — severely, severe, rigide. strict- 
ness, n. arm-ratio, diligentia, severitas; see 
Beverity. stricture, n. animadversio, re- 
preliensio ; see Blame. 

stride, I. n. ingens gradus, -its. II. v.intr. 
ingentes gradus ferre. 

strife, n. certalio, ceitamen, contentio (in 
gen.), disccptutiu, controversia, altercatio (== dis- 
pute), juryium, rixa (= quarrel); — in a law- 
suit, lis. strive, v.intr. (c)niti, coniti, conten- 
dere, operant tin re, conari, studere, ul ; to — alter, 
(copiiti, contendere ad alqd, (cx)pcterc, ajfevtare, 
capture alqd, rei studere, seirui.ov perset/ui alqd ; 
to — against, obniti, resistere; to — with or 
against, conjtigere, concertare, striving, n. 
see Effort ; — after, afcjs ajipelilio, contentio. 

strike, v.tr. ferire, percutere, pulsare, verbe- 

rare (= to lash), caedere ; to 1* struck, vapu- 
lare; to — (as a clock), sonarc ; to — twelve, 
horologium indicat horam dnodecimam ; to — 
a flag or yield, milium demitt&re ; the lightning 
— s, de atelo tangitur alqd ; to he struck blind, 
captvm esse ocutis; to — a coin, cudere; see 
Coin ; to — the mind, percutere, perccllcre (=|fco 
shock) ; to — a bargain, paeisei; to — against, 
alqd offendere, in alqd incurrere ; to — against 
rocks (of a ship), suxis Midi, striking, adj. 
see Remarkable. 

string, I. u. linum, linea, filum, funiculus or 
vinculum (=eord); — of leather, shoe — , cor- 
rigia ; a bow — , nervus ; — of a dart, amentum ; 

— of a musical instrument, chorda, nervus, 
fides, -ittm. II. v.tr. to — an instrument, iyrae, 
citharae, etc., nervos aptare ; to — together ; see 
Bind, stringent, adj. see Severe. 

strip, I. v.tr. spoliare, r.udare, denvdarc, 
entire, nici vestem detrahire; to — a person of 
his wealth, alqm opibus spoliare. II. n. pars; 

— of paper, scidula cliartae; — of cloth, lacinia. 

stripe, I. n. 1, see Streak ; 2, see Stroke. 

II. v.tr. see Streak. 

Stripling, n. adulescens. 

stroke, I. n. 1, verber ; see Blow ; 2, 
see Line; 3, of lightning, fulmcn ; 4, of for- 
tune, etc., erentits, -its (felix = lucky, etc.); = 

artifice, ars (e.g. a master , summa ars) ; to 

put the finishing — to, alqd ad finem prrducere. 
II. v.tr. alqm permulcere, demulcere. 

stroll, I. n. wmbulatio. II, v.intr. ambit- 
Ian; see Walk, Wander. 



strong, adj. miens, rulidus, firm us. rnliiistus, 
lacertosus, fortis ; to lie — (in influence), pollcre. 
Compare Klruria tantuin jmllens terra marique, 
Liv. ; pollen peennid, scientw, arrow, gratia, 
nobilitute ; comb, potens pollensqve, Sail. ; a — 
wind, rentus vehemens ; of arguments, gravis, 
firmus; — memory, memoria {alcjs rei) tenax; u 
— position, locus mum his. Adv. valide, ftrme, 
firmiter, fortiter ; = very, vahlc or vehementer, 
or by compound (e.g. moveri, = to be moved ; 
cfftnmoveri, = to be — moved). 

strophe, u. siroplia (late). 

structure, n. aedificium, aedes, -is, t, opus, 

-eris, n., monumentum (= a building), slructtvra 
(= the kind of building; structura parietum, 
structurae antiquac genus, Liv. ; also = the sub- 
stance) ; fig. structura verborum or vocum; — of 
a sentence, forma, ratio. 

struggle, I. ii. luctatio; see Contention. 
II. v.intr. Inctari ; to — with each other, Inctari 
inter se; to — with the difficulty, Inctari cum 
dijficultate ; see Contend, Fight. 

strumpet, u. scorlum, merelrix. 

Strut, v.intr. supcrbe incedere. 

stubble, n. stipulate. 

stubborn, adj. pertinax, pervicax, obstinatiiS, 
contumax. Adv. pertinaoiter, pervicaciter, obsti- 
nate, contumaciter, dbstinato animo. stubborn- 
ness, n. piriinacia, pervicucia, contumacia, ub- 

stinatio (usually of a good quality), obstinatus 
animus. 
stucco, n. see Flaster. 

stud, I. n. bulla ; — button, fibula (= clasp) ; 
= a number of horses, eipli, eqtiaria. II. v.tr. 
alqd re distinguere. 

study, I. n. studinm, stvdia, meditaiio 
(= thought); = room for — , conclave. II. v.tr. 
lit<t)cris studere, lil(t)crus truclure; to — some- 
thing, aid rei studere, incumbere or operant 
dare. Student, ii. alcjs rei studiosus. stu- 
dio, n. conclave (pictoris, of a painter, etc.). 
Studious, adj. lit{t)erarum studiosus, in studiis 
literarum versatus. Adv. summo studio. 

Stuff, I. n. materia, matcries; = baggage, 
impedimenta, -orum, sarcinae ; household — , su- 
pellex, -IcctiUs, f. ; kitchen — , eulinuria; — — 
gown, etc., textile; as an exclamation, nugas! 
gerrael II. v.tr. (re)fercire, replere; see Fill. 
stuffing, n. fartum (Plin., of food), tomentuvt 
(of cushions). 

Stultify, v.tr. alqm stultitiac coargucre or 
convinccrc. 

stumble, v.intr. offendere. stumbling, n. 
offensio ; to cause or he a — block to, esse offen- 
sioni aid; things which are — blocks, quae 
habent offensionem (Cic.). 

Stump, n. cavdrx, stipes, -it is, truncus. 

Stun, v.tr. 1, lit. perhaps alqm sensn pri- 
vare ; 2, fig. obtundere, stiipefacere, perterrere, 
percellerc. stunned, adj. 1, srnsn priratus; 
2, fig. stupejactus. 

stunt, v.tr. alcjs incrementum impedirc. 

stupefy, v.tr. stupefacere, sopire, lorpomn 
afferre,habetare ; to be stupcfied,to>pescere, st »/" *■ 
cere, torpere, stupere. stupefaction, n. stupor, 
torpor. 

stupendous, adj. ingens, immanis ; see 

■WONDERFTL. 

stupid, adj. slupidns, stolidus; see Foolish. 
Adv. stupide, stolide. stupidity, n. stupiditus, 

animus stolidus, or stupidus. stupor, n. stupor, 
torpor. 



stu 



875 



8UC 



Sturdy, adj. 1, see Strong ; 2, see CONFI- 
DENT. 
sturgeon, n. acipenser. 
stutter, v.intr. balbutire; see Stammer. 
sty, n. torn, sidle. 

style, I. ii.l, in gen. genus,-eris,\\., ratio,habi- 
tu$, -its (of dress, etc.), mos(= custom) ; 2, in lan- 
guage, dicendi or scribendi genus, orationisot ser- 
monis genus, oratio, sermo, elocutio ; the — is tlie 
man, qualis est ipscltomo, talis est ejus oratio. II. 
v.tr. appellare; see Name, stylisli.adj. speciosus, 
elegans, nitidus, lautus, magnificus. Adv. sped- 
ose, eleganter, nitide, laute, magnifice. stylish- 
ness, n. elegantia, magnificent ia, lautitia. 

suave, adj. ur]ianus,blandus ; see Courteous. 
suavity, n. urbanitas; see Courtesv. 

subaltern, I. adj. infirioris loci. II. n. 
perhaps subcenturio. 

subcommissioner, n. procurator, vica- 
Hits. 

subdivide, v.tr. iterum dividers; seeDivmis. 
subdivision, n. pars. 

subdue, v.tr. in hnperium alcjs redlgere, 
dicioni suae sub(j)iccre alqm, sui juris fucere, 
subigere, domure. 

subject, I. v.tr. suli(j)iccre ; to — yourself, se 
imperio alcjs sub(j)icere; see also Expose. II. 
n. 1, civi or regi subjectus, or by civ is ; 2, in 
grammar or logic, subjection ; 3, = matter dis- 
enssed, etc., res, quaestio, argument urn. III. 
adj. imperio or dicioni alcjs subjectus, parens, 
obnoxius alei; to be- — , esse in alcjs dicione; to 
become — , sub alcjs iinperium cadere. subjec- 
tion, n. seruitus, -litis, (.; to hold in — , alqm in 
officio retinere, alqm. oppression tenure, subjec- 
tive, adj., according to one's own view, e.g. 
viewed — Iy to myself, meo quidem judicio ; so tuo 
or ejus or eoruin quidem judicio ; as opposed to 
objective, opinio, opp. to res. subjectivity, 
n. quod in opinione constat, or quoad per liomi- 
num judicium perspici potest. 

subjoin, v.tr. sub(j)icerc, subjungere. 

subjugate, v.tr. domare, in dicioncm suam 
redlgere; see Subdue. 

subjunctive, adj. — mood, modus suhjunc- 
tivus or conjunctiinis (Gram., and in Quint, lig.). 

sublime, adj. sublimis, Hiatus, excelsus; see 
Lofty. Adv. sublime (usually lit.), elate, excelsc. 
sublimity, n. sublimitas (Quint.), elatio, ex- 
celsitas. 

sublunary, adj. infra lunam positus. 

submarine, adj. quod sub mart (position) 
est. 

submerge, v.tr. submergere. submer- 
sion, n. use verb. 

submit, v.tr. submittere ; submittere se alci,' 
se alcjs imperio sub(j)icere, in alcjs potestatem w 
se pennittere, alci cedcre or concedere, alci dare 
manus. submission, n. obsequium (as act), 
animus submissus (as slate). submissive, 
adj. see OBEDIENT. 

subordinate, I. adj. inferior, alci subjectus. 
II. v.tr. 1, see Subdue; 2, to give an inferior 
place to, alqd alci rei posthabere. subordina- 
tion, n. 1, = obedience, obscquium, discipli)ia 
(of soldiers) ; against — , contra morem obsequii ; 
want of — among the soldiers, intemparantia 
militum; see Obedience; 2, = placing below, 
ulqil alci rei posthabere. 

suborn, v.tr. siibornare. 

subpoena, n. denunliatio testimonii. 

subscribe, v.tr. subscribere; =to agree to, 



oasentiri ; = to give one's name or support to, 
uomen profiieri. subscriber, n. suoscriptor 
(= one who writes under), qui se ah/d datumm 
profitetur (to a charity, etc.). subscription, 
n. subscriptio (=tliat which is written under), 
sti}>s (= alms), collatio (= collection). 

subsequent, m\j.(suli)sequens. Adv. jwsteu; 
see Afterwards. 

subserve, v.tr. alei subservire, alci esse 
usui, auxilio esse alci, adjumeuto alci esse, alci 
obtemperare. subservience, n. obtemperatio, 
obsequiiou. 

subside, v.intr. residere, cou.-iderc, rcmitti, 
cadere (= to fall). 

subsidy, n. subsidium, rcctigal, tributum 
(=tax). 

subsist, v.intr. subsistere, stare in re; to — 
on, vesci (e.g. lacte et came, Sail.), subsist- 
ence, n. rictus, -us, alimenta, -arum. 

substance, n. nutura, corpus, -oris, n., res; = 
property, res, buna, -urum. substantial, adj. 
rents, solidus, gravis, vutgni moment i (= im- 
portant), aliquid (e.g. — victory, aliquid vie- 
toriae). Adv. 'magna ex parte, substantiate, 
v.tr. see Prove, substantive, U. uomen. 
(Gram.). 

substitute, I. n. vicarivs. II. V.tr. alqm 
in alterius locum substitutive, suffic£re(ot the elec- 
tion of a magistrate as —). substitution, n. 
use verb. 

substruction, substructure, n. sub- 
structio. 

subterfuge, n. devertiexdum, lalebra, ars, 
tergivcrsutio. 

subterranean, adj. snblerraneus. 

subtle, adj. subtilis, t tenuis (= tliiii, slen- 
der); argutus, acutus ; see Clever, Cunning. 
Adv. subtilitcr, tcnuitcr, urmtc, acute, subtle- 
ty, n. 1, = fineness, tcnuitus, subtilitcts ; 2, of 
intellect, etc., acics, acumen, subtilitas, captio. 
subtleties, n. argutiae. 

subtract, v.tr. deducere (e.g. addenda dedu- 
cendoque videre quae reliqua summa Jiat). sub- 
traction, n. by deducere. 

suburb.'u. suburbium (very rare), sub- 
urban, adj. suburbanus. 

subvert, v.tr. subvertere. subversion, n. 

cversio ; see Destruction. 

succeed, v.intr. alci succcdcre ; so in locum 
alcjs, in paternas opes; (also in time, uctas aetuti 
succedit), alqm(sub)sequi ; ■=■ to have success, sue- 
entire, bene, prospere, optime ccdere, eeenire. suc- 
cess, n. cxitus, -us, bonus, res secundae, felicitas, 
prosper itas, successus, -us. successful, adj. 
felix, faustus, comb, fclix faustusque. Adv. fell- 
citer, fauste, prospers, bene, ex scnientid. suc- 
cession, n. successio (in office, etc.) ; = order, 
scries, continuatio; in — , ex online, succes- 
sive, adj. alii post alios, continuus. Adv. 
(ex) online, in ordiuem, deinceps. successor, 
11. successor. 

succinct, adj.' brevis. Adv. breri, breviter. 

SUCCOUr, I. n. aiixilium, subsidium. II. 
v.tr. auxiliari alci,juvare alqm, auxilio alci esse 
or venire alci, snicurrcrc ; see HELP. 

succulent, adj. suiosus (Plin.), met (snort) 
plains. 

succumb, v.intr. succumbere ulci rei (e.g. 
SOWIMO, senectuti, labori). 

such, adj. pron, talis followed by qualis, ejus- 
modi, ejus generis ut, etc. ; — is your courtesy, 
quae tua est humanitas; nor am I — a fool, wee tain 
sum stultus (Cic.) ; are you — a stranger as that 
. . . ? adeone es hospes hujusce urbis ut . . . t 



cue 



876 



sup 



Si nn.t iisnmvs qui esse debem.vs(= if we .ire — as 
We ought tn be) ; ride ml tun est ul e& liberalitate 
utumur > [Hue prosit umicis, noceat nemini (= we 
must take care to use — liberty as may benefit 
our friends ami injure none). 

suck, I. v.tr. slight, bibire(— to drink). II. 
11. suctus, -lis (as act); to give — , mammam alci 
pracbere, ml libera admittere (of animals), suck- 
er, n. surcHiiis, jilanta. suckle, v.tr. mammam 
a'ci dare or praebere. suckling, n. (infans) 
lactens. suction, n. suctus, -us. 

sudden, adj. mbttvs, repens, repentvn.ua, in- 
opinatus, necopinattis. Adv. snbito, ex tempore, 
inopinato, necapinato, improviso, tie improviso ; 
to atlaek anyone — , opprimere imprudentem. 
suddenness, n. use adj. 

sue, v.tr. postulare, citare, litem alci inten- 
dcre, jtnlieic alqm perseqni, in jus vocare (at law) ; 
= to make suit for, ambire ; to — for an office, 
ambire magistratum ; to — for the consulship, 
petere consulutttm ; = to entreat, sol{l)icitare, 
ejflagitare ; see Entreat, Beg; to — for pay- 
ment, nomina cxigere. 

suet, n. sebum (= tallow); beef — , sebum 
boviltum (so avillum, etc.). 

suffer, I. v.tr. pati, sufferre, perferre, tulerare, 
sustincre (= to bear) ; = to permit, permittere, 
sinere,cona>dere; see Allow, Permit; to — grief, 
e dolore unimi luborure, angi animo ; to — loss, 
detrimentum eapcre or pati; damnum, detrimen- 
tum, or jactur am facer e ; to — shipwreck, iiimfra- 
gium facer e ; to — pain, etc., dotnrcm accipere; to 

— a disgrace, detiecus(in se) admittere (Caes.); to 

— harm or inconvenience, alqo affici incommode ; 
to — or undertake many labours, mnltos sttbire 
or atlire labor es; I — for my rashness, dn poenas 
lemcritatismeae (Cic). II. v.iutr. dolorem ferre 
or pati, dolore affici, {ex)CTUCiari, poenas dare (as 
punishment), laborare, aegrotare (= to be ill), 
sufferance, n. patientia ; see Patience. 
sufferer, n. aeger, aegrotatus (in illness), qui 
alqd mtitur (in gen.). suffering, n. dolor 
(=pain), miseria (= misery), res adrersae, casus, 
-us, calamitas. 

suffice, v.intr. sufficcre (e.g. -non svfficiebant 
•rntri, nee. vires sufficere cuiquam) ; satis esse alci. 
rei or with infln., svppeditare alci ad alqd. 
sufficient, adj. satis, quantum satis est; it is 
— , satis est (so satis superque est); — for, ad, e.g. 
ad dicendum temporis satis habere, sufficiency, 
n. quod satis est. 

suffocate, v.tr. suffocare. 

suffrage, n. mffragivm (alci, for anyone) ; 
to give one's — , ferre suffragium. (= to vote), suf- 
fragium inire ; = the right of — , suffragium. 

suffuse, v.tr. snffundere. 

sugar, n. saccharum or saccharon (Plin.) ; — 

candy, saccharum crystallinum ; plum, cup- 

(p)cdia, -orum. 

suggest, v.tr. monere alqm alqd, or with ut, 
snb(j)icere alqd alci; see Mention, sugges- 
tion, n, admonitio, monitum, consilium, sug- 
gestive, adj. qui (quae, quod) alqd repruesentat 
(of what recalls something else) ; see Sug- 
gest. 

suicide, n. mors voluntaria ; to commit — , 
manus sibi inferre, sibi mortem or necem con- 
sciscere. 

Suit, I. n. 1, actio, lis, cmts(s)a ; see Action- ; 
2, of clothes, vestis, I'estilus, -iis ; of cards, char- 
toe or paginac cjusdem generis; 3, = petition, 
rogatio ; in love, use verb Woo. II. v.tr. coii- 
grucre; they — , bene Mis inter se convenit; or 
by decet, convenit, impers. suitable, adj. con- 
graens, idoneus, aptus, accommodatus, consent a- 
juus, conveniens, all with ad and accus., etc., 



digitus with abl., or qui with subj. ; of fimp, 
opportnnus; see Appropriate, suitableness, 
n. congriientia, coiireiiientia, opj)ortunitas (of 
time). Adv. congrueuter, idonee, apte, accom- 
modate, convenienter, digne, opportune. 

suite, n. 1, of persons, comitatus, -its, cmnitrs, 
■u)u ; 2, of rooms, conclavia, -ium : see Room. 

SUitor, li. 1, see CANDIDATE ; 2. see I.ovr.R. 

sulky, sullen, adj. mnrosvs, contumax, 
tetricus. Adv. morose, contnmuciter. sulkiness, 
sullenness, n. morositas, eontumaciu. 

sully, v.tr. maculare, iiupiinare. 

sulphur, n. sulfur ; dipped in — , sidfuratus. 

sultan, n. imperator Turcicus. 

sultry, adj. aestuosus. sultriness, n. aes- 
ius, -iis. 

sum, I. n. summa ; of money, pecunia, once 
in Cic. summa pecuniae ; for a large, small, etc., 
— , magni, parvi (pretii), magna, piano (preKo); 
this is the — of what 1 have to say, haec summa 
est. II. v.tr. summam facere, computare, ratio- 
nan alcjs rei inire, ducere, of speech, etc., to — 
up, breviter repetere. summary, I. n. see 
Epitome. II. adj. 1, brevis; see Concise ; 2, 
= hasty, arrogant, inconsitleratus, arrogates. 
Adv. breviter, sine mora, inconsiderate, airo- 
ganter. 

summer, adj. and n. aestas, tempora, -nm, 
aestira ; at the beginning of — , uestute ineunte ; 
at the end of — , aestate extremd; — house, see 
Arbour. 

summersault, n. see Somersault. 

summit, n. 1, cacumen (= peak), admen, ver- 
tex, also by summus (e.g. summits mons); 2, tig. 
admen, fasligium, or by summus (e.g. summa 
gloria, = the — of glory). 

summon, v.tr. 1, alqm appellare, citare, diem 
alci dicere; see Cite; 2, in gen. (ad)vocare, con- 
vocare, arccssere, citare ; to — to surrender, invi- 
tare ad deditionem; to — up one's courage, ani- 
mum colligcrc. summons, n. by verb or in 
abl., arcessitu, accitu(=at the — of) ; as legal t.t. 
use verb. 

■ sumptuary, adj. sumptitarius. sump- 
tuous, adj. sumptuosus (Cic); see Costly, 
Magnificent. Adv. snmptnose. sumptuous- 
ness, n. (inognus) apparatus, -its; see Magni- 
ficence, Luxury. 

sun, n. sol, -is, m. ; the rising — , sol oriens ; 
setting — , sol occidens; rising, setting of the 
— , ortus, -its, occasus, -us, selis ; from —rise to — 
set, ah orto usque ad occidentem solem ; the — rises, 
sol exoritur, dies appetit, or by impers. litcescit, 
dilncescit, illucescit ; the — 's disk, orbis sol is. 
sunbeam, n. radius solis. sunburnt, adj. 
adnstus. Sunday, n. Dies Dominica (Eccl.). 
sundial, n. solarium, sunrise, sunset, 
n. see under Sun. sunshine, n. sol. sun- 
ny, adj. 1, lit. aprlcus; 2, tig. hilaris, felix. 

sunder, v.tr. separare, disjungire ; see 
Sever. 

sundry, adj. diversi, -ae, -a, plvres, non- 
nulli. 
sup, v.tr. sorbere ; = to take supper, cenare. 
superable, adj. supcrabilis. 
superabound, v.intr. superare, supercsse. 

superannuate, v.tr. alqm loco suo sencc- 
tutis causa movf.re, rude donari. super- 
annuated, adj. ob senectutem muneribns ex- 
solutus. 

superb, adj. magnificus, lautvs ; see 
Splendid. 

supercilious, adj. superbus'= proud),/is(i- 



sup 



877 



sur 



diosus (= disdainful) ; sec Haughty, super- 
ciliousness, 11. Justus, -us, superbia. 

supererogation, n. quod alqs sponte sud 
(iieqne officio coacttts) Jdcit (= work of — ). 

superficial, adj. exterior, exlcrnus ; = 
pom' or inconsiderable, lei'is, parvi moment i ; = 
inaccurate, paruin diligeits. Adv. striclim, 
Iceiier ; a man — learned, homo leviter lit(l)eris 
imbutus. superficiality, n. levitas. 

superficies, n. srtmm us with a noun ; supcrfi- 
cies (aquae, testutlinis, roipnruut). 

superfine, adj. subtllissimtis, tenuissimns 
(= very line). 

superfluous, adj. supervacaneus, snperva- 
cults (mostly post Aug.) ; to be — , superesse. 
superfluity, ll. quod super voxa ncum est. 

superhuman, adj. dimnus, major quam 
pro hoini.nc ; a — task, opus quod -ultra hominis 
. vires est ; — size, humand specie amplior. 

superintend, v.tr. alqd (pro)eurare, prae- 
esse (dci or alci rei. superintendence, n. 
(pro)i:urutio, administrate alcjs rei. superin- 
tendent, n. qui rebus praeest; (pro)curator ; 
see Agent. 

superior, adj. superior, praestantior, me- 
2tor(e.g. com]), of good) ; see Good, Excellent. 
Superiority, n. prior locus, priores partes. 

superlative, adj. mperlativus (grain.), 
exeellens, praestans, praestantissimus, optimus 
(e.g. superl. of good) ; see Good, Excellent. 

supernal, adj. t supernus, caelestis ; see 
Heavenly. 

supernatural, adj. naturam superans, 
supra naturae leges or vires positus, or by caelestis, 
divinus ; to happen by — agency, dlvlnitus 
fieri. Adv. dlvlnitus. supernaturalism, n. 
ratio eorum qui divinitus de rebus divinis cdoctos 
esse homines dicunt. 

supernumerary, adj. in gen. justum nu- 
inerum superans or exeellens; of soldiers, «('/)- 
scriptiims, a(t.l)scripticius, accensus. 

superscribe, v.tr. inscribere in alqd re. 
superscription, n. inscriptio (also = the 
title of a book). 

supersede, v.tr. in locum edejs substitui, 
alci succedere. 

superstition, n. superstitio. supersti- 
tious, adj. superstitiosus, superstilione imbutus, 
superstitioni obnoxius. Adv. supcrstitiose. 

superstructure, n, aedificium; see Build- 
ing. 

supervene, v.intr. see Follow, Succeed. 

supervise, v.tr. (pro)curare ; see Superin- 
tend, supervision, n. (pro)curatio. 

supine, I. n. suplnum (gram.). II. adj. 1, 
sitpinus (on the back); 2, = indolent, socors, 
iieglegens. Adv. socorditcr, ncglegenter. SU- 
pineness, u. soeordia, neglegcniia. 

supper, n. cena. 

supplant, v.tr. 1, lit. supplantarc ; 2, flg. 
in alterius locum irrepcre. 

supple, adj. mollis, flexibilis, lentus. 

supplement, n. supplementum (quite class, 
only of — to troops), in gen. id quod additum 
est. 

suppliant, adj. and n. supplex. suppli- 
cate, v.tr. supplicare, obsecrare alqm. sup- 
plication, n. supplicatio (only of formally de- 
creed state — ), obsecratio. 

supply, I. v.tr. supplcre, suppeditare ( = to 
furnisli); see Furnish. II. n. subsidium, sup- 
plementum (of troops) ; in gen. copia, --"ppedi- 
tatio; — of provisions, commeqtus, -us 



support, I. v.tr. 1, = to bear up, sustirurt, 
ferre, fulcire ; see Prop ; 2, = to keep, to feed, 
etc., (dire, sustinere, sustcntarc (quite class, in 
this sense); 3, = to help, idei adesse; see Help ; 
4, at an election, alci sujlragari (= to vote for), 
in wider sense, alci favcre. II. n. 1, lit. see 
Prop; 2, = maintenance, tustentatio (as act), 
alimentum, vietits, -us (= food, etc.) ; 3, — help, 
udjumentum, auxilium; see Help; 4, at an elec- 
tion, snfiragiitm, in wider sense, fator. sup- 
porter, n. adjutur ; at an election, suffragator, 
in wider sense, /alitor; see Helper, Partisan. 

suppose, v.tr. ponerc ( = to lay down), 
opinari, opiuione praecipire; — it is so, pone or 
fac ita esse, eslo ; — the soul to die, fac auimaw. 
inter ire; I — lie is drunk, ebrius est, ut opinor ; 
see also Believe, Imagine, Think. sup- 
posing that, conj. fac ita esse ; see above. 
Supposition, 11. opinio, conjectura. BUpv ■- 
sititious, adj. subditus. 

suppress, v.tr. supprimere, rqrrimerc, abo- 
lere ; to — sedition, rcstiugucre seditioncm. sup- 
pression, n. use verb. 

suppurate, v.intr. suvpurare. suppura- 
tion, ii. suppuratio (Plin.J. 

supreme, adj. svpremus, summns; the — 
Being, lh us, Optimus. Maximus. supremacy, 
n. prilwApatUS, -its (in gen.), rcgnum (= king- 
ship), impcrium (= supreme power), dominatus, 
■us, dominatio (= lordship) ; see Power. Adv. 
praecipuc, maxime. 

sure, adj. ccrtus(=z certain), tutus(= safe), se- 
en r us (= free from apprehension), fir nuts (= trust- 
worthy), fldllis(== faithful); it is — , constat; I am 
— , certoscio ; who is — of it? quiscst ctti crjtlora- 
tum sit > to be — , lie had the rods, faxes eerie 
latbebat ; are you — of it?- satin hoc cerium, 
persuasion est vobis, cxploratum or covipertum 
habetis; I am — ,compertum est viihi. Adv. certe, 
certo (= certainly), nimirttm, prafedo, or more 
strongly im(m)o (enim)vero (= really), saltern (= 
at least), surety, n. VUS, -die, in., praes, -dis, 
in., sponsor (of a person), vudimouium (= money 
given as bail). 

surf, n. see Foam, Wave. 

surface, n. superficies (Plin.), or by summits 
with nous os.g. — of water, summa aqua). 

surfeit, I. n. satietas, faslidium (lit. and 
fig.), comb, satietus et Jastidiwn, crapula(-= — 
after a debauch); —too much food, nimius 
cibus. II. v.tr. l,fastidium alci alcjs rei movere; 
to — oneself, se ingurgitate; 2, fig. sntutre, 
saturare. 

surge, I. n. Audits, -num. II. v.intr. flue- 
tuare, lit. and tig. 

surgery, n. chintrgia (Cels). surgeon, 
n. chirurgus, vulnerum medicus (Plin.). 

surly, adj. morosvs ; see Ill-tempered. Adv. 
morose, surliness, n. morositas. 

surmise, I. n. conjectura, praesagium (/«»- 
pesiotis J'uturac, vuilorum). II. v.tr. suspicuri. 
angururi, praesugire. 

surmount, v.tr. transeendere (lit.), supemre 
(lit. and tig.), surmountable, adj. {ex)su- 
perabilis. 

surname, n. cognomen (as Cicero in Man its 
Tnltlus Cicero); lie has a — , al<i cognomen 
Flac'co or Capitoni est. 

surpass, n. alci or alqm antccellere, cxccllcre, 
alqnt (acjsuperare, alqm or alci praestarc (lit- 
and lig.). 

surplice, n. testis sacerdotalis. 

Surplus, II. rel(l)iqttum, quotl sv]>ercst. 

surprise, I. n. (adpniratio; of p. sudden 
attack, subita incursio, ailventus, -iis, repentinus. 



sur 



878 



sym 



XL v.tr. alqyi necopinantem opprlmtre, alqm de 
proviso excipire ; see also Astonish. sur- 
prising, adj. see Wonderful. 

surrender, I, v.tr. se dare, se dederc in 
alcjs Jidem, se traderc. II. n. deditio; to make 
a — , (pppidi) deditinntm. hosti or ad hostem 
facere, in dediiioneni venire Cso alqm, in dedi- 
tionemaccipcre); = giving np, aditio. 

surreptitious, adj. furtivus, subrepticvus 
(Plant.). Adv. furtive, furtim, dam. 

surrogate, n. vicarius. 

surround, v.tr. ciroumdare (e.g. erercitum 
castris, brachia eollo, alqd alqd re, regio cir- 
cumdata insulis, Cic. ; amiculo circvmdatns) ; 
cirevmvenire, circumcludire, cirmmvallare (in a 

siege) ; fig. alcjs pueritiam robore cireumthtre. 

survey, I. v.tr. spectare, contemplari, con- 
siderare, intueri, intueri et contemplari, contueri 
(with fixed attention), oeulis collitstrare or perlus- 
trare (= to — carefully, to go over), (in)visere(= 
to look closely at, esp. things which interest us), 
perspicere (= to look at in all its parts), contueri 
perspicereque, circiimspicere(— to look all round a 
thing) ; to — hastily, oeulis percurrerc ; to — in 
mind, contemplari animo or animo et cogitatione, 
considerare secum in animo, or merely contem- 
plari or considerare, contemplari et considerare ; 
(per)!uslrare animo or mente animoque, circitm- 
spicere mente, expendere, perpendere( = to weigh) ; 
= to measure land, agrum metiri. II. n. con- 
templalio, observatio, conspectus, -its ; see View. 
surveyor, u. (of land) decempedator, metaior. 

survive, v.intr. superstition esse, survival, 

n. use verl>. survivor, u. supcrstes, -itis. 

Susceptible, adj. ca;*w(e.g. capax amieitiae, 
animxts ad praecepta capax), inclinatus, promts, 
proclivis (mostly in bad sense), ad alqd, comb. 
inclinatus et promts, susceptibility, n. use 
adj. 

suspect, I. v.tr. suspicari (alqd de o.lqo, alqm), 
8U$picere(usu. in past part.). II. n. alci suspectus. 
suspicion, n, susplcio. suspicious, adj. 
suspiciosus (= causing suspicion and ready to 
suspect). Adv. suspwiose (= in a way to excite 
suspicion); = with suspicion, use adj. or curi- 
osus (= inquisitive). 

suspend, v.tr. suspenders (ui&iiR t&gno, 
columbam nb alqo main, alqd collo or e collo 
or in collo); to — oneself, se suspenders; = 
to interrupt, delay, differre : to — anyone from 
office, alqm alqo Ion, (snbymovere. sus- 
pense, n. dubitatio, haesitatio; to be in — , in 
dnbio esse, animo fluctuare. suspension, n. 
dilalio (= delay) ; — of hostilities, indutiae. 

sustain, v.tr. sustinire (= to support, agcr 
hominum quinque millia sustinere potest, Cic.) ; 
re frumentariA ali et sustineri; see SurroRT. 
sustenance, n. alimentum, virtus, -its. 

sutler, n. lixa. 

swaddle, v.tr. faeciis involucre, swad- 
dling-bands, n. fasciae. 

swagger, V.intr. gloriari, scjactare. 

swain, n. agrestis, rusticus, colonns. 

swallow, n. kirundo. 

swallow, v.tr. sorbcrc (tig. t odiq, alqd 
animo), (de)rora re (lit. and tig.). 

swamp, I. n. palus, -fidis, ullgo; — s, ;«/»s- 
tria, -turn. II. v.tr. (de) ire, immergcre. 
swampy, adj. jxdusler, -tris, -ire, and palus- 
tris, -e, unginosus. 

swan, n. cygnus. 

sward, n. see Grass. 

swarm, I. n. convcntus,-iis,frequentia; — of 
bees, exv.men, agmen apium. II, v.intr. con- 



ftuere ; to — as bees, cxaminare (Col.) ; see As- 
semble. 

swarthy, &dj. fuscus, fur vus, adustus. 

sway, I. n. imperium, dominatio, dominium, 
dicio. II. v.tr. regere, imperare, imqwriuih 
habere or excrcere ; see Rule. 

swear, v.tr. and intr. jurare, jusjurandum 
jurare or dare ; to — falsely, falsum jurare (an 
oath I do not think binding), pejerare, pcrju- 
rare. swearing, n. exsecrationcs, maledida, 
■orum. 

sweat, I. n. sudor. II. v.intr. and tr. sit/lure. 

sweep, I. v.tr. 1, verrere; 2, tig., see Exam- 
ine. II. v.intr. to — along, verrcrc, percurrcre. 
sweeper, n. qui scopis converrit. sweep- 
ings, n. quisquiliae, -arum, f. 

sweet, adj. dulcis (= — to the taste, e.g. 
dulcior melle, Ov.), suavis (= agreeable to the 
smell, e.g. odor suavis et jitenndus), jucundus, 
blandus(= pleasant). Adv. dulciter, dulce, sue- 
viter, jucunde, blande ; to taste — , dulci esse 
sapore. sweeten, v.tr. duleem reddire. 
sweetheart, n. deliciae. sweetness, n. 
dulcedo, dulcitudo, suavitas, jucunditas. 

swell, I. v.intr. (in)tumescere, turgescerc, cres- 
ccrc,augeri(=: to increase) ; to be swollen, tumere. 
II. v.tr. inflare (e.g. spent alcjs influrc), iume- 
fo.cere; to — the sails, vela tenderc. swelling, 
n. tumor, struma (= scrofulous — ), tuber (Plin., 
both natural, as hump on camel, and of disease), 
panus (Plin.), scirrhoma, -citis, n. (Plin.). 

swerve, v.intr. declinare de or a (a proposito, 
a malts, opp. appetere bona). 

swift, adj. citus, properus ( = making haste, 
hurrying), velox (= brisk, fast ; e.g. pedites veto- 
cissimi), celer ( = active, expeditious), pemix ( = 
brisk), olacer ( = sprightly). Adv. cito, citato 
gradu, celeriter, rapide, perniciter. swiftness, 
n. celeritas, rapiditas, velocilas, pemicitas. 

swill, v.tr. ingurgitare (se, se vino; so tig. 
se in Jlagitia). 

swim, v.intr. nare, natare; to — over, tranarc. 
swimmer, n. natator, nandi peritus. swim- 
ming, n. natatio, ars natandi, scientia natandi. 

swindle, v.tr. fraudare (alqm pecunid). 
swindler, n. fraudator. swindling, n. 
fraudatio. 

swine, n. sus, parens (= pig) ; — herd, sub- 
tthus, suarius (Plin.). 

swing, I. v.tr. agitare, uibrare, jactare. II. 
v.intr. agitari, vibrari, jactari. III. n. funi- 
culus quo se jactat alqs. swinging, n. use 
verb. 

switch, n. virga, vimen. 

swoon, v.intr. and n. animo linqui; see 
Faint. 

swoop, I. n. impetus, -its. II. v.intr. to — 
upon, impetum in alqm or alqd facere. 

sword, n. gladius, ensis (mostly used in 
poetry), aclnaces (—a Persian — ) ; to have a — 
atjone's side, glodio svecinctum, esse ; to draw the 
— , gladium(e vagina) educcre ; to sheathe the — , 
gladium in vaginam recondere; to put to the — , 
interjicerc ; see Kill. 

sycophant, n. delator (Tac. ; = an accusi r), 
assentator, adulator (■= a flatterer), syco- 
phancy, n. sycophantia, assentatio, advlalio. 

syllable, n. syUdba. 

syllogism, n. syllogismus, ratiocinatio (Sen.), 
syllogistic, adj. syllogisticus (Quint.). 

sylvan, adj. Silvester. 

symbol, n. symbolum, signum, imago; see 
Sign, symbolic, adj. by circnmloc. (e.g. quod 
nem alcjs reifit). 



sym 



879 



tak 



symmetry, n. symmetrla, proportio, con- 
gntenlla, aequalitas; —of the limbs, apla mem- 
ororum compositio; — in style, eoncinnitas. 
symmetrical, adj. par, similis, aequalis, con- 
gruens. . Ailv. pariter, similiter, congruenter, 
aequaliter. 

sympathy, 11. 1, = attraction or bodies, etc., 
tymputkia (= agreement among things, iu Cic. 
always written as Greek avfiwdd^ia), consensus, 
-i<s, or coiuvrdia rerun; 2, as mental feeling, 
suoUtas (e.g. laetitia cum alqo, with anyone's 
joy), (mining dolore, laetitid, etc., alcjs affectus. 
sympathetic, adj. and adv. dolore or lae- 
titid alcjs affectus. sympathize, v.intr. una 
ganders ct dolere, eadem sentire. 

symphony, u. symphonia. 

symptom, n. alcjs morbi nota or indicium 
or siguum. 

synagogue, n. synagoga (Eccl.). 

synchronism, n. aequalitas temporum. 

syncope, n. see Faint. 

syndicate, n. societas; see Company. 

synod, n. sy nodus (EceK). 

synonym, n. vocabidum idem significans or 
declarans. synonymous, adj. idem signifi- 
cans or declarans. 

synopsis, n. synojisis (Jet.); see Epitome. 

syntax, n. syntaxis (Gram.), orationis con- 
structio.verborum quasi structure/,, syntacti- 
cal, adj. quod ad orationis constructionem per- 
tinet. 

syringe, I. n. sipho (Suet.). II. v.tr. per 
siphuuem in(j)icere. 

syrup, n. potio dulcis. 

system, n. formula or descriptiu (e.g. philoso- 
phic, reipublicae), institute/, praecepta, -orum(= 
ru les). systematic, adj. ad artem redactus, per- 
petuis praeceptis ordinatus. Adv. ordinate, (ex) 
online, composite, systematize, v.tr. in 
artem redigere; seo Ahka^oe. 



T. 

tabby, adj. maculosus; see also Grey. 

tabernacle, n. 1, see Tent, Habitation; 
2, lahcrnaculum (Eccl.). 

table, n. 1, tabula (= a board for various pur- 
poses, e.g. -with an account, a will, a law, etc., 
written upon it ; a list of things to be sold by 
auction, and which were written on boards, and 
hung outside the stalls of money-changers) ; 2, 
= an article of furniture, mensa (— — for holding 
dishes and for other purposes ; then meton., the 
contents of the dishes, the fare, meal, e.g. the 
Emperor's — , -mensa principle), monopodium 
(ixoi'onoSioi', = a — with only one foot of ivory, 
generally made of the wood of the citrus of 
Africa); to set or lay the — , mensam (ap)ponere ; 
to sit down at — , accubare; to rise, get up from 
— , surge re a cend ; at — , apud mensam, super 
mensam, inter cenam, super cenam, inter epidas; 
S, ~ fare, cena, victus, -us ; agood — , lauta caw, 
lautus victus; a bad—, tenuis victus; for general 
arrangement of — at feasts, see Smith "Diet 
Antiq.," art. Triclinium ; at the head of the — , 
medius (=the middle position, medius seems 
to have been the highest); above or below 
anyone, supra, infra alqm ; foot of the — , pes 
ruensac ; — cover, — cloth, linteum in mensd 
ponendvm or positum ; —-linen, viappa (— — 
napkin) ; _ service, vasa, -orum ; — talk, 



Met, tabula ; — of laws, hnis or 
kgitm tabula ; 5, tin- Lord's — , ' mini; 

see Sacrament, Buppek, Communion, Altab ; 6 
= many particulars, Index, table -landi n." 
planities magna ct cditn. tableau, n. see Pic- 
ture, tablet, n. tabi/la, tabella (also = voting 
— ), «ra(= smeared with wax), ne»(of bronze), 
pttgillares, -ii/m (Plin.), codicilli (= — consisting 
of several leaves, a kind of memorandum-book). 
tabular, adj. =set down in tables, ;wr in- 
dices expositus; to give a — view of anything, 
per indices crponcrc alqd. 

tacit, adj. tacitus (both of persons and of 
things); see Secret. Adv. tacite. taciturn, 
adj. taciturnus. taciturnity, n. tacit urnitas. 

tack, I. n. 1, =a small nail, clavulus ; see 
Nail; 2, = plan, consilium, ratio ; to try a 
fresh — , novum, consilium experiri. II. v.tr. see 
Nail. III. v.intr. navem. flectere. tackle, 
n. for fishing, instrument//, piscatoria, -orum. 
tackling, n, armamenta, -orum, n. ; see 
Rigging. 

tact, n. dexteritas ; see Cleverness, Talent. 
tactics, n. pi. res militaris. tactician, n. 

rei militaris perilus. 

tadpole, n. ranunculus. 

taffeta,. taffety, n. pannus seria/s. 

tail, u. cavda ; to wag the — , caudam movere; 

— of a comet, stcllae crines, -ium. 
tailor, n. sartor. 

taint, I, v.tr. 1, in gen., imbuere alqd re; 2, 
= to impregnate with something obnoxious, 
cor, umpire, inquinare; vitiare (tig.; e.g. corn, 
frumenlum). II. v.intr. corrumpi, vitiarl (e.g. 
the atmosphere, aurae ; meat, fruit), pulrcscire 
(= to become bad). III. n. 1, = tincture, color 
(e.g. veritalis, urbanitatis, antiquitatis), fucus 
(e.g. alcjs rei fuco illltus, tinctus), species (e.g. 
aid rei sjveies imponire, Inducire) ; 2, contagio 
(lit. ami tig.) ; see Corruption, tainted, adj. 
vitiatus, or by putrescere. 

take, I. v.tr. sumcre (=to — anything in 
order to make use of it), caplre (= to lay hold of, 
to seize ; then to — possession of anythiug in 
order to keep it ; hence = to storm, e.g. a town), 
rapere (= tv seize quickly), arripire (= to — up, 
to snatch away), accipere (= to accept, receive), 
tollcre (to — up, to lift up, in order to — a thing 
away from its former place), (deypromcre (= to — , 
fetch anything from a place where it had been 
kept hitherto), auferre (=to have carried away, 
— n up, away), eripere (=to — by force), expug- 
nare (= to storm, always with tho idea of the 
victory being obtained after resistance) ; not to 

— anything, alqd non accipere, deprecari (e.g. 
manus) ; to — anyone on one side, alqm secrrlum 
adduccre ; to — money from one (i.e. a person is 
bribed), pecuniam ab alqo accipere; to — from, 
= to quote, transferre; this passage I have — n 
verbally from Dicsearchus, istum ego locum toti- 
dem verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli; to — , lay 
hold of anyone, alqm medium arripire (=to put 
one's arm round anyone's waist and hold him 
fast) ; to — anyone round the neck, in alcjs 
collum invadere (=to embraeo him) ; to — anyone 
in custody, alqm comprchendfrre ; =to receive, 
rccipcre in alqd (e.g. in ontinem sanatorium), assn- 
mere in alqd (e.g. in socictatem) ; to — anyone 
in, into one's house, alqm ad at or ad M domum, 
or simply alqm domvm si/am recipfre ; = to 
accept, claim from anyone, acdpirt ab alqo, )x>s- 
cere ab alqo; to — anythiug or anyone to, for, 
as (i.e. to fabricate anything from a material), 
faccre or fingcre or eflngtre or cxprimcre alqd ex 
alqd re ; anyone as, for (i.e. to appoint), alqm, 
with the accus. of the office to which anyone is 
elected (e.g. ulqm arbitruvi, alqm impercUorem); 



tal 



880 



tap 



sumere, accipere, eligere, habere; to — back again, 
reduce re; to partake of, sumere (something to 
eat or to drink, e.g. cibum potionemque), potare 
or bibere(=to drink, e.g. medicamentum), accipere 
(when it i.s given); to — jf= to understand) the 
word (term) i" various meanings, vcrbum inplu- 
res partes accipere; — n as a whole, omnino, or by 
nniversus; to — iu good part, in bonam partem 
accipere, belle ferre, boni or aequi bonique facere ; 
to — it ill, amiss, in malam partem accipere, uegre 
(or grainier or inoleste or indigne) ferre, male 
interpretari ; to — anyone's part, ad ulcjs partes 
transire, sequi alqm, facere cum alqo ; to — to be 
true, as such, ponere (=to state), sumere (=to — 
for granted, admit, in speech, in a disputation), 
velle, with accus. and iufln. (= to bo of opinion, 
to mean) ; to — for certain, sumf.re or habire or 
putare pro certo, fingere, facere (the foregoing 
two = to suppose, to — a case) ; to — away, alqd 
alci auferre, eripere ; to — down (in writing), 
lit(t)eris consignare, lil(t)eris mandare, scripturd 
persequi ; to — off, alqd alci or cilci rei or ex alqd 
re dctrahere (e.g. tegumentum humeris); to — 
oneself off, furtim degredi, clam se subducere 
(secretly), se abripere, se proripere (quickly) ; to 
— out, eximere. out of, alci rei, de or ex alqd re 
(out of a place), excipere de or ex (= to — away 
from a place), promere ex (e.g. arrows out of the 
quiver, money out of the public treasury, medi- 
cine out of a box, etc.), educcre ex; fig. = to select, 
excerpcre ex, etc. (e.g. verba ex oratiouibus) ; to — 
up, tollere ; to — upon oneself, sub ire (anything 
dangerous), in se recipire (= to — the responsi- 
bility for anything). II. v.intr. to — to, se con- 
ferre, concelire alqo (— to retreat) ; to — to 
books, lit(t)eris sludere, urgere alqd (e.g. studia, 
-■ eagerly to be engaged in) ; see Apfly, Re- 
sort, Like ; to — after, see Imitate, Resemble ; 
to — up with, satis habere, contention esse alqd re 
(= to be contented with), acquiescire in alqd re. 
taking, n. expugnatio (of a city). 

tale, n. narratio (= the act of telling, and 
the — itself), historia (= narrative), vicmoria 
(= recorded event), expositio (= exposition, de- 
scription ; concise, circumcisa ; 6hort, brevis), 
fabella (= a short fable, brief tale, or story). 
tale-bearer, n. delator (= informer), syco- 
phanta m. (= sycophant) tell, I. v.tr. (c)aar- 
rare alqd alci, referre (= to report), (com!)- 
memorare (=: to mention), dicere (= to say), 
enumerate (=to recount), prodere (memoriae), 
posteris traders, scriptum rei inquire (= to hand 
down to posterity, of historians), olr.js rei aucto- 
rem esse (= to vouch for the truth), exponere, ex- 
plicare (= to describe), persequi (from beginning 
to end) ; = to count, numentrc. II. v.intr. = 
to have effect, valere; a telling speech, etc., oratio 
gravis, teller, n. 1, = anyone who tells any- 
thing, narrator, auctor rerum gestarum ; 2,= 
one who numbers, gvA alqas res numeral. 

talent, n. 1, = a weight and a coin, talentum ; 
2, = mental faculties, ingeuinm (= natural gift), 
indoles, -is (= — s in a moral sense, insomuch 
as they may be improved by dint of exertion, 
etc.), virtus, -fitis, f. (= cleverness, skill), comb. 
ingeninni et virtus, facultas (= power, capability 
of doing a thing), more clearly defined ingenii 
facultas ; who has — , ingeniosus, eximii ingenii, 
magna ingenio praeditus. talented, ad.j. a 
very — man, a great genius, homo ingeniosus, 
homo eximii ingenii ; to be — , ingenio abundare, 
incredibili magnitudine consilii atque ingenii 
esse. 

talisman, n. amulitum (Plin.). 

talk, I. v.intr. familiarly, of several, sermo- 
cinari ; together, loqui or colloqui inter se, (enn)- 
fabulari (mostly ante class.) ; to — nonsense, 
garrire (=to — too much, familiarly and in a 



contemptuous sense), blaterare (=to — un- 
ceasingly, making many words about nothing), 
(h)ariolari (like a soothsayer), alucinari (with- 
out thinking), nugari (= to — foolery ; all these 
generally in a transitive sense, with accus.) ; 
to — over, see Discuss. II. n. = familiar 
conversation, sermo, colloquium, scrmonis cum 
alqo communicntio ; foolish — , gerrae, nngae, 
ineptiae. talkative, adj. garniltts, lotpmx. 
Adv. loquaciter. talkativeness, n. gamtli- 
tas, loquacitas. talker, n. (homo) gamdus or 
loquax. 

tall, adj. of a man, longus (opp. brevis), pro- 
cerus, procerd staturd, (ex)celsus; a — man, homo 
magni corporis, homo grandis, homo staturd pro- 
cerd. tallness, n. proccritas, or by adjs. 

tallow, n. sebum; a — candle, scbaceus (late). 

tally, v.intr. convenire alci rei; see Fit, 
Suit. 
Talmud, n. * Talnudum. 
talon, n. unguis. 
tamarisk, n. tamdrix (Col.), 
tambourine, n. tympanum. 

tame, I. adj. 1, cin<r (by nature, of animals), 
mansuetus, mansuefactiis (= tractable, of animals 
and of men), placidus(= mild, gentle, peaceable, 1 
of men and of animals), mitis (= meek, who easily 
yields, of men and animals); to grow — , man- 
suesccre, mansuefieri, mitescere (opp. feritotem 
servare) ; 2, fig. demissus, abjectus, ignavus (e.g. 
animus); of language, etc., jejunus, frigidus. 
Adv. demisse, abjecte, ignave, jejune, frigide. 
II. v.tr. mansuefacere, mansnetum face re or red- 
dire, domare(= to subdue wild beasts and tribes ; 
then also fig. passions), frangere (lit. = to break ; 
then tig. = to break, weaken the strength, force, 
of a person or passions), frenare (lit. = to bridle ; 
hence fig. = to curb, rule passions), rcfre- 
nare (lit. = to check with the bridle ; thence fig. 
to restrain persons and passions, e.g. juventu- 
tern), coercere (fig. = to keep within bounds, per- 
sons and passions, e.g. jnventuteni), comprimere, 
repriMeri (lit. =to press together or back, repress; 
fig. forcibly to restrain passions), compesci,re( = not 
to allow to become too strong, to check, quere- 
las), moderuri alci rei (tig. = to moderate), placi- 
dum reddere (= to make gentle, men and beasts), 
mitem reddere (= to soften), mitem reddere et 
mansuetnm (= to make tractable, the two fore- 
going of men), delenire (= to soothe, to gain, 
e.g. alqm argento, plebeni munere). tamencss, 
n. by adjs. and verbs, tamer, n. domitor, 
fern, domitrix. taming, n. domitus, -us (of 
animals). 

tamper, v.intr. see Meddle ; = to tempt, 
so!(l)icitare. 

tan, I. n. cortex coriarius. II. v.tr. to — 
skins, subig&re, depsere ( = to knead, work any- 
thing well till it is soft), confeere (= to get up, 
ready) ; to — (of the sun), colorare. tanner, 
n. coriarius (Plin.). 

tangent, n. linca circulum contingens. 

tangible, adj. fig. quod manu tenere possu- 
mus, quod maivu tenetur or prehenditur, tractabilis. 

tangle, I. v.tr. see Entangle. II. n. nexus, 
-us, nodus. 

tank, n. see Reservoir. 

tantalize, v.tr. see T"jase. 

tantamount, adj. as regards the quantity, 
totidem ; as regards the value, tantidem, tantun- 
dem ; see Same. 

tap, I. n. = a light blow, plaga levis. II. 
v.intr. leoiter ferire. 

tap, I. n. of a cask, obturamentum (Plin., 



tap 



881 



tea 



= stopper). II. v.tr. (vinum, etc.) de dolio pro- 
mere, dolium relinere (= to take the pitch off). 
taphouse, n. taberna. 

tape, 11. see Ribbon. 

taper, n. cereus. 

tapestry, n. pictura acu facta, stragulum 
pictum or aulaeum, velum (— curtain). 

tapis, ii. to brins on or upon the — , by 
cmnmemorare alqd, mentionem alcjs rei facire, in 
medium prof er re. 

tar, n. pix liquida (Plin.). 

tardy, adj. tardus, lentus. Adv. larde, lentc. 
tardiness, n. tarditas. 

tare, n. a vetch, vicia. 

target, n. 1, see Shield ; 2, a — to shoot 
at, scopos, -i (Suet.). 

tariff, n. formirfa (ex qua portoria [— harbour 
dues, etc.] exiguntur). 

tarnish, I. v.tr. 1, lit. inguinale; see Stain ; 
2, hg. inquinare, obsevrare ; to — one's honour, 
nomini or decori ojjkcrc. II. v.intr. of metals, 
inquinari. 

tarpaulin, n. linteum pice munition. 

tarry, v.intr. cunctari (from fear), ccssare 
(from idleness), morari, commorari, morum facire 
(when one ought to proceed), teryiversari (— 
to try to evade, make evasions), comb, cunc- 
tari et tergiversari, dubitare (when one is un- 
decided), haesitare (from timidity, perplexity, 
or on account of difficulties, to hesitate) ; we 
must not — , nulla mora est, maturato 02)us est 
(= no time is to be lost) ; without — iug, sine 
mora, propere, festinantcr. 

tart, n. scriblita, crustulum. 

tart, adj. 1, of the taste; see Sour; 2, of 
the temper, acerbic, amarus, morosus, stonuxcho- 
sus. Adv. see Sourly ; acerbe, morose, stoma- 
■chose. tartness, n. 1, see Sourness ; 2, acer- 
bitas, morositas, stomachus. 

tartar, n. in chemistry, * tartdrus ; salt of 
— , * sid tartari. 

task, I. n. == what is imposed by another, 
pensum (lit. of women spinning wool, then iu 
gen.), opus, -iris, n. (=work); it is a difficult — , 
res mugua est; = lesson, pensum, see, however, 
Lesson ; to take anyone to — on account of, 
rationem alcjs rei ab alqo (re)petere or repesccre. 
II. v.tr. pensum alci dare or imponere ; to — 
oneself with, alqd faciendum sibi propomre. 
task-master, n. operis exactor. 

tassel, n. perhaps fimbriae (= fringe). 

taste, I. v.tr. = to try by eating a little, 
gvxtatu expfware, gustare (=to take a little of 
anything ; then lig. to become acquainted with, 
e.g. suavitatem vitlae), of anything, (de)gustare 
alqd, gustare de alqd re (a little oil' the top ; 
then lig. to — the pleasures of anything, e.g. 
degustare vitam, honorem); to — first, before, 
* fpruegustare (lit), (de)libare alqd (lit. and fig.). 

II. v.intr. sapere, alqo sapore esse ; to — like, of, 
sapere or resipere alqd (lit.), redoiere alqd (lig., 
e.g. of the school, doctrinam, Cic.) ; bitter, 
amaro esse sapore; pleasant, jucunde sapere. 

III. n. 1, objectively, lit. as quality of things, 
sapor ; anything loses its — , alcjs rei sapor non 
permanet ; fig., e.g. good — , elegantia (e.g. in a 
poem) ; bad — , insulsitas; 2, subjectively, lit. 
the ability to — , gustatus, -us, guslus, -lis (how- 
ever, Cic. only uses gustatus, mostly post 
class.); = sense of beauty, delighting iu that 
which really is beautiful, gustatus, for, alcjs 
rei (Cic), elegantia (— refined — for what is 
fine, inasmuch as it shows itself by the out- 
ward appearance), venustas (= grace in any- 
one; Plin.), judicium (^judgment in matters of 



— ), intellcgentia (of one who is a great judge 
in matters of — ), also aures, -ium, and comb. 
«»its et judicium alcjs (as far as the — depends 
uiioii the ear, e.g. alcjs or temporis auribus accom- 
modatus) ; a good, correct, refined — , eleguntia 
(in gen.), subtile or ex<puisitum or politum judi- 
cium ( = acute judgment), judicium intellegens (of 
a connoisseur); without — , homo parum elegans ; 
with — , scite ; commode (e.g. to dauce, saltare), 
scienter (e.g. tibiis cuntare); according to iny 
— , tiuanluin ego sapio, quantum eoruidtrnjudiatrt 
possum, tasteful, adj. pvlitus (= refined, eg. 
judgment, letter, man), elegant, venustus [ — 
graceful ; both the foregoing of persons and 
things). Adv. polite, elegantcr, venuste. taste- 
less, adj. 1, lit. nihil vapidus (of wine, Col.), 
sine sapore ; anything is — , alcjs rei sapor nul- 
his est; 2, fig. inelegans, insidsns, infacetus 
(infio) ; see Hude. Adv. ineleganter, insuhe, 
injud-tc (iujic-). tastclessncss.i). 1, lit. cui 
nullus sapor est ; 2, fig. insulsitas. 

tatter, n. pannus ; see Rag. tattered, 

adj. panwjsus. 

tattle, I. v.tr. garrire. II. n. sermunculus 
(rare), or perhaps sermo stultus. tattler, n. 
homo gumdus. 

tattoo, v.tr. notis compungere. 

taunt, I. v.tr. alqd or de ol<i<< re alci ob(j)i- 
cere, conviciari, cavillari atqm(— to satirize). II. 
n. convicium; sec Invective, taunting, adj. 
contumUiosus. Adv. contumeliose. 

tautology, n. ejusdem verbi aut sermonis 
iteratio (Quint.), tautological, adj. idem, 
verbum aut eundem sermonem iterans. 

tavern, n. caupona. tavern-keeper, n. 
caupo. 

tawdry, adj. speciosior quam decet (=too 
showy) ; see also Vulgar. 

tawny, adj. fulvus. 

tax, I. n. vectigal, tributum ; to lay on a — , 
vectigal, tributum imponire alci and alci rei, 
tributum indicere alci; to collect a — , vectigalia 
(etc.) exigere ; to exempt from a — , tributis vindi- 
care alqm, tributis liberare alqm ; exempt from a 
— -, immznis tributorem, in the context immunU 
(opp. vectigalis). II. v.tr. tributum (= income 
— or poll — )or vectigal (= property — ) imponere 
alci or alci rei ; to — every individual, tributa in 
singula capita imponere. taxable, adj. vecti- 
galis. taxation, u. tributorum in singula 
capita distribute, tax-gatherer, a. vecti- 
galium exactor. 

tea, n. the plant, *thea (Linn. ; necessary 
as t.t., not class.). 

teach, v.tr. anything, (e)docere (in gen., also 
= to show, explain, prove), praecipes, pratctpAa 
dare de alqd re (— to give precepts), tradere (= to 
lecture upon, to — , e.g. history, the rules of an 
art, etc.), profiteri (= to profess, to — publicly 
what we profess), ostendere, declurare (= to show, 
declare) ; to — anyone, alqm instituere, instrucre, 
erudire, (eydocere alqm ahid or dc re, instituere, 
erudirc alqm alqd re, in alqd re, tradere alci alqd 
(see before), imbuere alqm alqd re. teachable, 
adj. i;i(i (quae) docPri potest, docilis. teach- 
ableness, n. docilitas. teacher, n. doctor, 
magister (— muster, in reference to the influence, 
authority which ho has over his pupils), j»roe- 
center (giving instruction, Cic), a uclor(ufo'« rei), 
explicator ahjs rei (of one who explains), pro- 
fessor (= a public—, Quint., Suet.), ludimagister, 
or as two words, ludi magister (= schoolmaster, 
principal of a school), comb, magister atque 
doctor, praeceptor et uwgistcr, dux et magister. 
teaching, n. doctrina, eruditio, inslitutio, 
disciplina, professio (= public — }. 



tea 



882 



ten 



team, n. jugwn. 
■ tear, n. laerima, fieins, -fis (= weeping, con- 
stant Mowing of — s); with many — s, cum or 
nun sine multis lacrimis, magno (ctim) fletn ; to 
shed — s, lacrimas effundlre or profimdcre, Incri- 
mare, flere (= to weep), tearful, adj. lacri- 
vmns, Iicrimosus, flebilis. Adv. fleblliter, multis 
cum lacrimis, magna (aim) Jletu. tearless, 
adj. siccus (e.g. eyes), sine lacrimis. 

tear, I. v.tr. to — into pieces, (di)scindere, 
conscindere (very rare), concerperc, discerpere, (di)- 
laniare, (di)lacerare (— to lacerate), vellere, eruere 
(e.g. oculos, = to — up by the roots), convellere, 
divellere (= to — in pieces), distraherc, differre (= 
to — in different directions), diri}iere, aipere (= 
to — away from, alqd alci ; see Seize) ; to be torn 
by passion, etc., differri, dislrahi, or by special 
vjrb(e.g. to be torn by anguish, angui; by appre- 
hension, SOl(J)icitnm esse) ; = to — down, rescin- 
dire; to — open, resignare (= to — open a letter), 
rescindereQit. and lig.), diripere, dirumpere(=to 
break in two, forcibly). II. v.intr. see Hurry, 
Rush. 

tease, v.tr. alqmfatigare (= to plague), vexare 
(= to worry), negotinm alci facessCre, alqm alqd 
re (e.g. rogitundo), obtundire. 

teasel, n. dipsacus (dipsaeos, riin.). 

teat, n. mamma. 

technical, adj. a — term, artis vocabulum, 
vocabiilum apud artifices v.sitatnm ; — terms, lan- 
guage, terminology, vocabula quae in qudque 
arte versuntur ; Zeno and the Peripatetics differ 
merely in their new — terms, inter Zenonem et 
Peripateticos nihil praeter verborum novitatem 
interest, technicality, n. use adj. tech- 
nology, n. ars officinarum. 

tedious, adj. longns, longinquus (of what 
lasts long and hence becomes troublesome), mo- 
lestus, taedii plentis (= wearying), lentus (— slow ; 
of a war, lentvm et dint urn ma) ; it would be — , 
longnm est ; not to be — , ne longns sim. Adv. 
moleste, lente, enm taedio. tediousness, n. 
of anything, molrstiit, quo.m (or taedium quod) 
alqd alci "ffert. 

teem, v.intr. turgcre (=to swell); to begin to 
— , turgesccrc ; plenum esse alcjs rei (e.g. succi, 
as a human body, Ter.), distentum csl alqd re 
(— to Ik; extended as it were through anything, 
e.g. forte, as an udder) ; see Abound, teem- 
ing', adj. see Fruitful. 

teethe, v.intr. dentin (Plin.) ; see Tooth. 

teetotal, etc. vino exempli caus(s)& (se) absti- 
nere; see Abstain, Abstinence. 

telegraph.n. a.st.t.telegrap7ium quoddicitur. 

telescope, n. * lelescopium. 

tell, v.tr. see under Tale. 

temerity, n. temeriti s. 

temper, I. v.tr. temperare (lit. and fig.); to 
— with anything, alqd alqd re miscere (lit. and 
fig.); see Mix. II. n. 1, = character, ingeni- 
nm (= peculiar disposition of the mind), natura 
(of the body, of the mind), animus (= character); 
2, = anger, ira, iraevndia; to be hi a — , irasci, 
iracundum esse, temperament, n. tempera- 
tio; scoTempkr, Disposition, temperance, 
ii. continent in (= abstaining), temperantia (= 
being moderate in the enjoyment of sensual plea- 
sure, both in 0}>j>. t'j libido, libidines), moderatio, 
modest i", frugalitas (— moderation), abstinen- 
tia (= abstinence from anything), temperate, 
adj. temperans, temperatus, continent (— moderate 
in the enjoyment of anything), comb, moderates 
ac temperatus, temperatus moderahtsque, contin n s 
ck temperans, moderatus, modestus (= moderate), 
sobrius(= sober), /hiflrt(=frngal), abstinent (=ab- 
•tinr-nt), abstlmius (—abstemious); of climate, 



temperatus. Adv. temperanter, temperate, con- 
tinentcr, moderate, modestc, sbbrie, frvgaliter. 
temperateness, n. temperantia; see Tem- 
perance, temperature, n. temperatw (= the 
blending of — , so, mild — , ueris, caeli, etc.), 
tem]Kl'ies (e.g. of the atmosphere, aeris), or by 
caelum (e.g. salubrc, serennvi, or with noun, caeli 
dementia, elc). tempered, adj. good-—, 
mills; ill-—, morosus. 

tempest, n. tempestas (== unfavourable wea- 
ther, boisterous weather in general, storm on 
the land and on the sea ; then also fig.), procella 
(= hurricane, storm on the sea; also fig. of 
storms in a State) ; a — arises, tempestas (or pro- 
cclla) venit or oritur or cooritur ; a — threatens, 
tempestas (or procella) imminet or impendet, 
alci (lit. and fig.), tempestuous, adj. 
procellosus (lit.), turbidus, turbulentus (lit. and 
lig.), violcntus (lit., e.g. weather, tempestas ; then 
fig. = violent, e.g. attack, impetus; character, 
ingenium; homo), vehemens(= vehement, violent, 
having a high degree of inward strength, e.g. 
vent us ; then of man = passionate). Adv. pro- 
cell ose (lit.), tvrbide, turbulente, violenter, vche- 
menter. tempestuousness, n. violent ia (e.g. 
venti, maris); then = roughness, boisterous 
manners, vehcmenlia. 

templar, n. * (eques) templarvus, -is, f. 

temple, n. aedes sacra (of a god ; aedes alone 
can only be said if the genit. of the deity is 
added, or if it is sufficiently clear from the con- 
text), templum, J'anum, delubrum, aedicida, 
sacrarium (= shrine); in poetry sometimes the 
name of a god stands for his — (e.g. Jupiter, 
Vesta), sacellum (surrounded with a wall and con- 
taining an altar ; used as a place of refuge). 

temples, n. (part of the head) tempora, -urn. 

temporal, adj. = pertaining to this life, 
externus (referring to the world without), hit- 
mantis (referring to a man and man's destiny ; 
terrains and terrcster, Eccl.) ; — affairs, res 
externae ; — things, treasures, fortunae, res fit- 
mil iaris, opes, -vm, f. ; — welfare, hujus vitae 
felicitas; if opposed to " spiritual," pro/anus 
(opp. sacer), in grain., — augment, augmentum 
temporale. temporality, n. res externa. 

temporary, adj. temporarvus (very rare be- 
fore Aug.), temporalis, better by ad or in tempus. 
temporarily, adv. ml or in tempus (=for the 
time being), temporize, v.intr. temporibus 
inservire. 

tempt, v.tr. anyone, alqm (at)tentare, alcjs S. 
sentenliam tentare (= to sound anyone, what his 
opinion is;, so(l)licitare alqm or edejs animmn (= 
to try to persuade anyone to do a certain tiling, 
e.g. pretio or peennid), alqm ad or in alqd in- 
vitnrc, illicere, pellicere, allicere, vocare, addu- 
cere or inducere. temptation, n. tentatio 
(— the act of trying anyone or a tiling), so(i)- 
licitatio (= the act of tempting anyone to, 
etc.), corruptelarum illecebrae (= allurements 
wherewith to tempt anyone); to lead anyone 
into — , alqm in aiscrimen vocare or adducere, 
alqm sol(l)icitare, pellicere. tempter, n. ten- 
tator (Hor., and Eccl. of the Devil). 

t -11, adj. decern ; deni, -ae, -a (= — each, also = 
— it once) ; containing — , denarius ; the num- 
ber — , decussis ; — o'clock, hora quarto ; of — 
years, decennis (Plin.); — times, decie{n)s (also 
= as in English, I have told you — times, decies 
dixi). tenth, adj. dedmus. 

tenable, adj. quod tencri potest. 

tenacious, adj. tenax alcjs rei (lit. and fig., 
mostly poet, and in jiost-Aug. prose) ; see Firm. 
Adv. tenaciter. tenaciousness, tenacity, 
n. ■< naeitas. 

. tenant, I. n. conductor, incola, in. and t'.. loui- 



tea 



883 



tha 



tutor (in gen.), inquilinus (of a house). II. v.tr. 
see Inhabit, tenancy, n. alcjs rei conducendac 
conditio, tenantry, a. use pi. of Tenant, or 
clientes, -ium. 
tend, v.tr. curare, colore. 
tend, v.intr. 1, =to go, tenders ; see Go ; 2, 
= to relate, ad alqd pertinere, spectare, tenders. 
tendency, n. inclinatio, proclivitas ad alqm, 
st ud iii in alcjs rei ; see Inclination, tender, 
v.tr. unci n. see OFFER. 

tender, adj. tener, mollis, delicalus (= deli- 
cate), misericors (= — hearted), amans (— affec- 
tionate), indulgent (= indulgent). Adv. molliter, 
delicate, comb, delicate no molliter, induhjenter. 
tenderness, n. 1, = softness, etc., teneritas, 
moll it ia (mollitics); 2, = affection, indulgentia, 
amor. 
tendon, u. nervus (Cels.). 
tendril, n. clauicula, caulis, pampinus, m. 
and f. (of a vine), viticula (Plin.). 
tenement, n. see House. 
tenet, n. praeceptum, placitum, decretum; the 
s, disciplim, ratio (Stoieorum, etc.). 

tennis, n. pila. tennis-court, n. locus 
quo pila luditur. 

tenour, n. tenor (= uninterrupted course, 
e.g. vitae, consulates), sententia (= meaning) ; 
see Meaning. 
tense, n. tempos, -oris, n. (Gram.). 
tension, n. intentio. 

tent, n. tentorium, tabernaeulum (often = a 
lint), contubcriiium ; general's — , practorium; 
to pitch a — , tabernaeulum collocare, ponere, con- 
stituere. 
tentacle, u. corniculum (in gen., Plin.). 
tentative, adj. and adv. experientia, pro- 
balio, lentatio (e.g. tentatione usus), or by verb 
qui (quae, quod) tentat. 

tenterhooks, n. to be on — , ex(s)pectatione 
awji. 
tenuity, n. see Thinness. 
tenure, n. possessio or possidere. 
tepid, adj. tepidus, tepens; to become -, te- 
pescere ; to be — , tepere; to make — , tcpefaccre. 
Adv. tepide (Plin.). tepidness, n. tepor (also 
tig. = lukewarmness, e.g. in writings ; Tac). 
tergiversation, n. tergiversatio. 
term. I. n. 1, see Limit, Boundary; 2,= 
limited time, dies (in gen., in this sense gene- 
rally feminine), dies certn, dies stata or shUuta or 
constituta(pv in masc.); a time named, fixed, e.g. 
to fix a — , diem statuere or constitwere (by mutual 
appointment, e.g. when a sum is to bo paid), 
diem ilieerc (for settling a law dispute); 3, in 
Oram., see Expression, Word; 4, the arts, 
see Technical ; 5, see Condition ; to be on 
g00 a _ s with anyone, cam alqp famwarxter 
vivere, alcjs familiaritate Uti. II. v.tr. see 
Name, terminal, adj. quod certis diebus fit. 
terminate, I. v.tr. see Limit, End. II. 
v.intr. fiwvri, terminari; see End. termina- 
tion, n. confectio, finis, -is, cxitus, -us. termi- 
nology, n. artis vocabula, -orum ; — of a sect, 
etc., verba, -orum (sua or alvjs propria). 
termagant, n. mulier jurgiis addicta. 
terrace, n. pulvlnus (= flower-bed raised in 
the form of pillows, a plantation that gradually 
rises), solarium (=a place on the top of the 
house for basking in the sun), ombuloMO (- a 
covered or open place for walking). 

terrestrial, adj. qui {quae, quod) ten 
colit, ad terram pertinens, terrestris, terrenus (=ol 
the earth, opp. locaelesiis, e.g. of animals, etc.); 



as opp. to heavenly, terratris (Eccl.), better 
expressed by humanus (opp. to dicinus). 

tcrriblo, adj. terribille (= exciting terror), 
MerriJicus,horribilis,horrendus( = huvi\\)\c),atrox 
(= fearful, e.g. man, deed, bloodshed), (mi 
( — monstrous, unnatural, cruel), dims (=porten- 
tous), formidiilosus (= causing (ear), /beaut (— 
detestable, abominable, e.g. plots, war, the), 
incredib His (= incredible, not to be believed, 
imagined, e.g. stupiditas). Adv. lerribUem <n 
horrendum in modum, atrociter, Juedc, foeduia in 
modum. terrific, adj. see Dreadful, Ter- 
rible, terrify, v.tr. alqm (per)terrlre, nee 
Frighten, terror, n. terror On a subjective 
sense = fear, in an objective sense, that which 
causes — ); also in the \i\. formido, metus, -us, 
pavor (all in subjective sense) ; with — , ttrrore 
percussus, ttrrore coactus. 

territory, n. territorium (= field belonging 
to a town) ; in a wider 6ense = boundaries, 
dominions; etc., by ager, terra, regio. terri- 
torial, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad agrum pertinet. 
terse, adj. e.g. style, by presstu. brevis, an- 
gustus, densus (e.g. densior hie, ille copiosior, 
Quint.), si rictus (Quint.), or by pautis verbis 
(uti, etc.). Adv. presse, brevUer, i>«ucis verbis. 
terseness, n. brevitas, or by oratiopressa, etc. 
tertian, n. (febris) tertiana, 
tesselatod, adj. tesseUatus. 
test, I. n. sec Trial, Examination. II. 
v.tr. tentarc, experiri, perielitari alqd (also 
alqm), perieulum facere alcjs rei (also alcjs), ex- 
plorare; to be — ed, to stand the — , nan or re 
probari. 
testaceous, adj. testaceus (Plin.). 
testament, n. 1, tettamentum (= will) ; see 
Will; 2, the New — , Testamentum Novum; 
the Old — , Testamentum Vetus (Eccl.). testa- 
mentary, adj. by testamento institute, etc., 
testamcntarius(n\Cic. tee tot. = a law about wills ; 
in Plin. adoptio test.), testator, n. testator 
(Suet, and Jet), or is qui testamentum facit. 
testatrix.n. testatrix (Jet), testify, v.tr. 
testari (in gen.), testijieari, testimonio canfirmare 
( = to confirm by testimony), testimonio esse, testem 
esse (= to be a witness ; the former of a thing, th>* 
latter ol a person), ajjirmarc(— to affirm, or ItstU 
ficari in this sense), testimonial, n. perhaps 
by testimonium konorijlcum; Hf(Oer*M commen- 
datkiac, =s letters of recommendation ; see Ce» 
tii'icate. testimony, n. tcMimouiina. 
testy, adj. morosus; sec Peevish. 
tether, v.tr. and n. sec Tie. 
tetrameter, n. tetrametrus (very late). 
tetrarch, n. tstrarcha, m. tetrarchy, n. 
tetrarcliia, 

text n. 1,= the words of a writer, 
-orum (- the words of an author quoted to- 
rt commentator); 2,— of Scripture, txtrnptum 
Sacrat Scripturae proposition. 

textile, adj. textorius. textual, adj. quod 
ad verba scriptoria ivrtinct. texture, a. ♦ lex- 
two, tectum, textus, -its (both poet, and post 
Aug.) ; see Web. 

than, 

con 

warn ; or" by" the abiat, e.g. virtus est pre 

stantior qucm aurum or praestantwr auro 

there ia a number befotc the noun, — after the 

compa. amplius and plus, minus, mi 

is left out altogether, and the numeral is still 

expressed in the same case as if it had been 

used, i.g. amplius sunt sex menses, plus aucenus 

m iliu<-desU;eravit(=more- l ttc.),Kxnustrecenti 



ig.) ", see \\ eb. 

than, coni. after a com parative and after verbs 
ntaining the idea of a comparison (e.g. alter 
■do I would rather; praftrfat, it is better). 



if 



tha 



884 



tha 



(= less — ) perierunt ; more (less) — eight years 
uld, majvr (minor) quam octo amios natits, major 
[minor) octo aniws natus, major (minor) octo 
minis natii, major (minor) octo annis, major 
(minor) octo annorum; = — that, quam ut or 
qui. (quae, quod) with BUbj. (e.g. the pain was 
greater — he couhl hear, dowr major rrnt quam 
qucm lite fern posset) ; ■ — one could expect from, 
etc, considering, etc., expressed by \av. and 
later writers simply by quam pro (which we 
however never read in Cic. and Caes.), e.g. 
praelium atrocius crat quam pro pugnantium 
nnmero ; in negative and interrogative sentences, 
also when westate anything the words "nothing 
else — ," by praeter, praeterquam, exeepto (with n. 
as abl. abs.), nisi, e.g. praeter ilium vidi nemi- 
nem, tibi nihil dcessc arbitror praeter voluntatcm, 
philosophi negant qnemquam esse bonum nisi sa- 
pientem; — here may be rendered either by nisi 
or quam, but nisi implies that everything else 
is excluded, whilst quam is only used in a com- 
parative sense, e.g. erat historia nihil aliud nisi 
annalium confectio (i.e. history was this only and 
nothing else besides, Cic), rirlus nihil aliud est 
qnam in se perfecta el ad summnm perducta, 
natura (i.e. as much as, the same as, Cic.). 

thane, n. domiiais ; * tkanus (mediaeval 
term). 

thank, v.tr. gratias old agere; that, for, by 
quod or qui, not pro alqd re ; gratiam habere, 
persolvere, refcrre, reddere, tribuere, gratiam 
habere, qratum esse erga alqm, benejicii memoriam 
couservare, memori mente gratiam persolvere, 
grald memorid beneficium (benejicia) prosequi (hi 
one's heart), re ipsa atque animo esse gratum (by 
deed, and in one's own heart) ; heartily, most 
sincerely, maximas, incredibiles, singulares gra- 
Has agere old, also amplissimis or singularibus 
verbis gratias uqere alci; — you ! (in accepting) 
benigne diets ! I have to — you for it, alci alqd 
debere (something good), alci alqd ncceptum refcr- 
re. ; no, — you! benigne. (diets)! benigne ac 
liberaliter ! a.\so recte ! (all right ! no! as answer 
to a question) ; I — you for your kind invitation, 
bene vocas ; jam gratia est ; the act of — ing, 
gratiarum actio (words). thankful, adj. 
grains; see Grateful. Adv. grate, grata animo. 
thankfulness, n. animus grains ; six, Grati- 
tude, thankless, adj. ingratus (— both un- 
grateful aud bringing no thanks). Adv. ingrate. 
thanks, n. gratiae (often in the pi. with 
agere); to return — , gratias agere or gratiam 
persolvere quod, or qui, gratiam alci refcrre, red- 
dere, for, pro ulqi'i re; — God ! est diis gratia ! 
thanksgiving, n. gratiarnmactio(iii%en.),sup- 
plicatio, supplicium (= public — for victories, for 
deliverance from sickness), thankworthy, 
adj. laudabilis, gratia or laude di(,nus, gratus. 

that, I. deiuonstr. pron. ille, illa,illud, iste, 
ista, istud (ille, without being in opp. to hie, 
often used when we speak of something very 
well known, very celebrated, of any thing or 
person remote as regards time or place, but 
present in the mind of the speaker ; iste = — , 
often when we speak of a third person or tiling, 
with the idea of contempt or disapproval, — 
man there), alter( — the other of two ; pi. alteri, 
if we speak of several on the other side) ; is, ca, 
id, hie, ha.ee, hoc; those who, illi qui or (the 
relative clause preceding) giti, ii ; — or, the 
word — not expressed, e.g. jacet corpus dormi- 
entis nt mortui(= as • — of a (lead man) ; — is my 
father, hie est mens pater ; — only is tine friend- 
ship, hate demum est omicitia flrma ; often by 
sic, e.g. — is his way, sic est ingenium ejus; = 
such a one, etc., is, ea, id; of — age, id ae a.tis ; 
at — time, id temporis ; we are at — age, Id jam 
aetatU svmus. II. rel. pron. qui, quae, quo I ; see 



Wno. III. coiij. to connect the main clause. ; 
A, when the sentence with — contains the sub- 
ject of the copula in the main sentence ; 1, when 
the sentence with — conveys a general idea, 
render by the inf. , e.g. officii est, etc., or by another 
noun, e.g. nihil suaviiis c.-it quam amari or amor, 
= nothing is more pleasing than — one should 
be loved ; 2, use the accus, and inf., after 
" it is pleasing, grievous, probable, clear, 
manifest, evident, true, it appears, it is useful, 
right, reasonable, necessary, lawful, it is allowed 
— "; after several of these impersonal verbs, 
use also quod and ut, see under C and D (e.g. 
it is pleasing to hear — you are well, gratum est 
ie valere) ; 3. than — , as — , inf. with an adv. 
or another noun with an adj. or part., e.g. nulla 
res tauto erat damno, etc., quam (a noun with an 
adj. or part.). B, when the sentence with — con- 
tains the object of the verb of the main clause, 
useacc.and in tin.; 1, this is the case after all verba 
senswum et ajfectuum, to which belong also "to 
know, conceive, remind, expect, hope, fear, be- 
lieve," etc.; then also after foe, when it is =finge, 
fancy — , etc., foe qui ego sum esse tc ; after the 
verbs "to hope, swear, promise, threaten," we 
use the accus. and fut. infin., only after "to 
hope" we use the accus. and prcs. infin. when 
we speak of anything referring to the present 
time, and the accus. and perf. infin. when we 
speak of anything past; 2, after the so-called 
verba declarandi, as "to say, tell, indicate, re- 
member, convince, teach, prove (efficere)," etc. ; 
3, also after "to fix, determine, wish, forbid, 
impose, concede (that anything is so)," etc., the 
infin., if the sentence with — declares the object, 
whilst if it contains a wish or intention, we use 
ut; after "they," "the people say," " it is re- 
ported," etc. (dicunt, tradunt, ferunt, produnt, 
perhibent), either by accus. and infin., or the 
noin. and indie, (of the passive voice), e.g. dicunt 
Iiomulum primum regent. Homanum fuisse, or Ro- 
mulus primus rex Romanorum fuisse dicebatur ; 
dicunt vos adfu isse, or wis d iceba m wii udfu is<c; alt er 
dubito, in the sense "I doubt not," we find in Cic. 
always quia. C, when the sentence with — con- 
tains a description of anything or a circiun!., 1, 
of the subject, when we can put "which" instead 
of " — ," by quod, as after "there is reason," or 
" there is no reason," (which, etc.), est (habeo), 
non est, nihil est quod (we may also use cur, as in 
English); also after " it is pleasing, rejoicing, I 
am glad, it is painful," etc. (e.g. nihil est quod 
[i.e. illud quod] timeas) ; also after "we must 
add (eo or line accedit)," where we use qimd 
when we speak of a matter of fact, and ut when 
we refer to anything that is only in progress, 
always when the thing is only about to happen ; 
2, of the object when — = " because ; " also by 
quod after " to be glad, rejoice (gaudirc), to feel 
sorry, grieve (dolcre), to wonder (mirari)," etc., 
where we use quod when we speak of a definite 
fact, but si, if we speak of something merely 
imaginary or as we suppose it; 3, when — 
stands for "inasmuch as, inasfar as." D, always 
nt or qui (quae, quod) when the sentence with — 
expresses the purpose, condition, aim, effect, 
surmise, permission, encouragement, wish or 
command, as subject or object, or as additional 
clause ; after is sum, non is sum, talis, qualis, is 
(such a one), ejusmodi, etc. ; also qui, etc. (ut is, 
etc.), after tarn, tantus, generally after negations, 
after owis? and alter comparatives with quam, 
when these words express the degree, measure, 
up to which anything is said to possess a certain 
quality; and after nouns to express a purpose 
(e.g. Caesar sent messengers — they might say, 
Caesar nuntios misit. qiii dieerent) ; but ut is, etc., 
to express result; — not, after "to fear, to be 
afraid." etc., iie von. seldom nt, and — alone. 



tha 



886 



thi 



lie ; only — not, — by any means, nt ne {ne being 
placed before — which is prevented), e.g. nt hoc 
ne faeerem (= he took care — , etc.) ; I say 

— ... not, etc., by nego with accns. and inlln., 
e.g. he asserts — there are no gods, tleos esse 
vegat. lit, — in exclamations, 1, when wc ex- 
press a wish, oli — I nt ! ntinam ! o si (see Oh) ; 
God grant — , <tte.,faxit Deus, nt, etc. ; — not I 
ntiiuim ne! 2, in general exclamations, by accus. 
and infin. (which apparently is not governed by 
any preceding verb), e.g. me miserum! te in 
tantas aeru.mn.as propter meincidisse! 

thatch, n. stramentum. thatched, adj. 

— house, casa slramento tecta. 
thaw, I. r.tr. (dis\solvere, liqiiefaeere. II. 

v.intr. (dis)solvi, liquejieri, liqiiescerc, et tabescere 
calore, glucicm tcpefactam molliri. III. n. use 
verb. 

the, def. art. not expressed in Latin ; but if 
we speak emphatically, sometimes by the 
demonstr. pron. hie, lw.ee, hoc; ille, ilia, ill ml ; 

iste, ista, istud (see That) ; — more, etc 

more, etc, quo . . . eo or hoc, quanto . . . 
tanto, eo . . . quo, tanto . . . quanto, e.g. homi- 
nes quo plum lutbent, eo ampliora cupiunt, = — 
more they have, — more they want ; in general 
sentences we use the superlative with ut qwisque 
. . . ita, e.g. ut quisqwe est vir optimus, itadiffi- 
cillime ulios improbos suspicatur (= — better 
a man is, with — more difficulty he suspects, 
etc., . . .) ; sometimes in sentences of the latter 
kind the connecting particles ut and ita are 
altogether omitted, e.g. sapientissimus quisque 
aequissimo animo moritur : — sooner — better, 
(plain primiim, primo quuque tempore or die; — 
with an adj. or adv., e.g. — better, hoc, eo, tanto ; 
so much — greater, eo or hoc major ; so much — 
better, tanto melius. 

theatre, n. theatrum, scaena. theatri- 
cal, adj. scaenicus, theatralis (= belonging to 
the theatre; very late = also low, vulgar), 
(e.g. dress, habitus, venustus, in this sense), also 
by the genit. histrionum (in reference to the 
actors), e.g. — gestures, histrionum gestus inepli. 
Adv. more histrionum. 

theft, n. fun um. thief, n. /i<r. thieve, 
v.intr. see Steal, thievish, adj. furax.- Adv. 
furdciter. 

their, poss. pron. suits (if referring to the 
main subject in the sentence), eorum, illorum 
(if referring to any other subject) ; on — account, 
for — sake, sud caus{syi, eorum caus(s)&, propter 
eos (see before), theirs, poss. pron. suns or 
illorum. 

them, pers. pron. eos or cas, illos or Mas, 
ipsos or ipsas; = to them, cis or lis, etc. 
themselves, see Self. 

theme, n. = subject to write or speak on, 
propositio, proposition, id quod proposition est, 
quaestio, id gMod^taerimiis(s=cniestion proposed, 
leading idea for a metaphysical inquiry), argu- 
mentum(= material, contents, e.g. epistulae). 

then, adv. tune (corresponds to nunc, now), 
turn (denoting continuity, ns jam in the present ; 
— that is at that time, after something fore- 
going), illn (eo) tempore. 

thence, adv. Mine {illim), istinc, abhinc 

(= from that place ; hine et Mine, heme and — , 

hither and thither), thenceforth, adv. fade, 

ex ea tempore. 

theocracy, n. regnum quo Deus ipse rex 

habelltr, or OeuKporia. 

thcogony, n. dcoruw generatio. 

theology, n. theologiu (Eccl.), or 

did ua mm scientia. theologian, n. 



gus or lit(t)eramm saiietarum studiosus. 



rem m 
theolo- 
theo- 



logical, adj. Oieologieue, or by the genit. 
lit(tyraruia sanctorum. 

theorem, n. perception (translation of the 
Greek Sewprj^a, Cic). 

theory, n. rah'o (= science of anything in 
gen., e.g. belli), doctriiut (= literary or theoretical 
knowledge), ars, praecepta, -orum (= rules); — 
of moral duties or obligations, conformcUio offi. , 
rum (Cic.) ; — and practice, ratio atque v.tus, -iis ; 
to combine — , doctrinam ud usnm adjuwj- 
theoretical, adj. quod in cognitione lersahir, 
in spectione or in cognitione et acstimoUone positvs 
(Quint.), quod ab arlis praeceptis proficiscitur (= 
according to the rules of art, analogous to, Cic); 
— knowledge, ratio (e.g. belli) ; to possess — of, 
alqd rations cognitum nature; to have a— and 
practical bearing, ad cognoscendi et agcmli vim. 
rationemqne referri. Adv. ratione, ex urtis prae- 
ceptis. theorist, n. qui artem ratione cogni- 
tani liabet. 

theosophy, n. * throsophia (as t.t.). theo- 
sophist, n. • theosophus. 
therapeutics, n. an medendi, medicina. 
there, adv. = in that place, ibi ; illic, ist- 
liir; to he — , adesse ; to stand—, udstare; — 
where, ;',; ubi, illic nbi ; — you have, — you Bee, 
not rendered, but simply habet, aecipe, 
(e.g. librum); = thither, illur; see Thither. 
thereabouts, adv. prope (= near), /erne, /ere 
(= nearly), thereafter, thereupon, adv. 
(ex)imle (exin), deinde 'dein), statim (— imme- 
diately) ; see AFTF.nwAKLis, Tiikn. 

therefore, adv. igitur, itaqve, ergo (igitur 
never at the beginning), iaeo, eo, Idcirco, prop- 
term (= for that reason), proin(de) (= hence), 
quarc, qiiamobrem, qvapropter, quoeirca (= where- 
fore), therein, adv. in eo, in cis ((is), etc. 
thermometer, n. * thermometrum (as t.t.). 
thesis, n. see Theme. 
they, pers. pron. ii or eae, Mi or Mae, ijisi or 
ipsae; but it is only expressed in Latin when 
we speak emphatically. 

thick, adj. arasna (= stout, compact, opp. 
tenuis (— thin) and maccr (= meagre)), pinguis 
(= fat, stout, opp. macer), opimus (— who looks 
like one that lives well, opp. gracilis), obesus (= 
well fed, opp. gracilis and (of animals) strtgosvs), 
corporc amplo (=of large-sized body), tin-gens, 
turgidus (= swollen, e.g. eyes, etc.), drnsus (= 
dense, opp. rams, = single, scarce, solitary), 
spissus (.- impenetrable, of the soil, of darkness, 
etc., opp. solntus, loose), conjertus (=crowded, of 
amass, opp. roriis), concrenis(= curdled, of mill;, 
also of air); when we express the measure of 
anything, — is either rendered by ertusus with 
accus., or by crassitudine with the genit. of the 
measure (e.g. quat(t)uor pedes erassus, ipiat't)uor 
pedum crassitudine); creber, frequent (= many) ; 
a — voice, roz obtu'sa (Quint.) ; — skin, nied. ctd- 
losus (lit.), diims (tig.). A<lv. dense, spis.-e, con- 
fertivi, crebro, frequenter, thicken, I. v.tr. 
densare, \spissare, II. v.mtr. (ieasart,«p 

( — lieconie like one mass, to curdle, 
e.g. of milk, etc.). thicket, n. diimitnin, fru- 
licelum, or locus . bsitus, thickness, 

u. crassUudo, spissttas (so as to income impene- 
trable), obesltas (- fatness, opp. gracilitat), '"- 
pus amplum, crebritas, frtqueutia, thick-set, 

adj. see Thick, STOUT, 
thief, n. see THRFT. 
thigh, n. femur. 
thimble, n. digiti mnnimentum. 
thin, I. adj. (.inn's (opp. eratmsX subiilis 

(= line, I. mlcr, 0.g. of leather), gracilis, tlUis, 

)„(/i,,(-= meagre, opp. obesus), >'i i0oros(=leaii,of 
animals), mills (= not close together, e.g. hair, 



thi 



8S6 



thr 



Opp. densus), angustus (= narrow), lit/nidus (of 
anything liquid), dihitus (= diluted, e.g. wine, 
eolour). ILv.tr. attcnvurc; of trees, co2£wcare(of 
clearing Hie ground of trees, post-Aug. of a single 
tree) ; tnterlucare (Plin.). Adv. tenititer, graei- 
liter, rare, thinness, n. tinnitus, exUitas, gra- 
cililas (= sleiulerncss), ntritas (= looseness of 
texture), macies (— leanness). 

thine, pron. tuns. 

thing, n. 1, = event, res, negotlum ; — s.'rrs, 
rerum natura ; — s, with an adj. before it, 
often rendered merely by the adj. n.pl. (e.g. 
wonderful — s, mini), or by some noun (e.g. 
foolish — s, nugae, ineptiae); a tiresome — , len- 
hiro (= slow), molestiim negolivm; above all — s, 
ante omnia, imprimis (in 2>rimis), praecipue; 2, 
= any substance, res, supellex (= household fur- 
niture), I'ftSft, -orum (= vessels, pots, also of 
soldiers), sarcinac (— ell'eets which we carry with 
us when travelling); = clothes, vestis, vcstitns, 
-vs. 

think, v.i'.itr. and tr. 1, abs. •= to have ideas 
and to be conscious of it (in an absolute sense), 
cogitare, intellegere (= to have clear ideas); 
2, with an object, anything, atqd cogitare, alqd 
cngitatione comprehendere or percipere or com- 
plecli, alqd cogitations ct mentc. complecti, alqd 
meute concipere, alqd cogitutione or (de)ping&re (= 
to picture anything in one's mini!); — about, 
de alga re cogitare; 3, = to suppose, opinari, 
putare, arbitrari, censere, credere; 4, see Pur- 
pose ; 5, = to judge, jiidicare, sentire (= to have 
a certain opinion), comb, sentire et jiidicare, sta- 
lucre (= to flx). thinker, n. == a speculative, 
philosophical — ,pMlosophus(m this sense always 
in Cic); a deep — , subtil is dispututor, homoacv- 
tus ad excogitandum. thought, n. eogitatio (= 
the not of — , what we have been thinking of), 
cogitation (= what we have been thinking about), 
nie)is(=disposition, then = opinion, view), memo- 
ria alcjsrei (= memory), scntentia (— opinion), 
t sensus, -its, mens, animus (= mind), ■notin(— 
notion), opinio (= opinion, founded upon conjec- 
ture), suspicion conjecture as suspicion), consil- 
ium (■= view, plan), conjectura (= conjecture), die- 
tum(= — as expressed) ; — s, cogitata mentis, or 
by circumloc. qvae mente concipimus, qnu.e annuo 
cogitamvs, sentimus, rersamvs, or often simply by 
the neut. pi of the pron. or adj. (e.g. ista tua); 
to be in deep — , in cogitutione deflxvm esse. 
thoughtful, adj. in cogitationc defixns (= lost 
in thought), sapiens, prudens (— wise). Adv. 
sapicntcr, prndenter. thoughtfulness, n. sec 
Thought, thoughtless, adj. soars (=who 
does not think), stupidvs (= slow from stupi- 
dity), iiiconsultns, neglcgens, indilincns (= ne- 
glectful), imprudens (.= without foresight), tone- 
rarius (— rash). Adv. inconsvlte (or inconsvlto), 
neglegenter, indilinenter, imprudenter, temere. 
thoughtlessness, n. socordia (= slowness to 
think), stupiditas (= stupidity, habitual), negle- 
gentia, indiligentiu ; see Carelessness. 

third, adj. sec Thrke. 

thirst, I. n. si/is (lit. and lig.). II. v.iutr. 
sitire (also of plants, fields, etc.); tig. to — 
after, sitire alqd. thirsty, adj. siliens (lit. 
and lig. ; after, alcjsrei). Adv. sitientcr (lig.). 

thirteen, adj. tredecem, more frequently 
(itiways in Cic.) decern et tr* . or tres et decern ; — 

each, terni deni w deni tern) ; — times, trcde- 
cle(n)s. thirteenth, n<Vj. tertius decimus or 
decimus et tcrtins. thirty, adj. trigint-a ; ' — 
each, triceni, -ae, -a; — times, trieic(n)s, tri- 
gesie(n)s. thirtieth, adj. trigeminus (trie.), 
-a, -urn. 

tills, deni. pron. hie, hace, hoc (or qui, quae, 
quod at the beginning of a new sentence, if — 



refers to persons or things, in "and — , for — , 
but — , hence — , — therefore, now — ," etc. ; the 
conjs. are left out when we user/Hi); — one, 
hiccc, haccee, hocce; — . . . that, alter. . . alter 
(of two) ; this . . . that? liter . . . liter (of two), 
hie . . . ille. or tste ; on — side, cis, citra ; what 
is on — side, citerior. 
thistle, n. carduus. 

thither, adv. eo, in cum loenm, ad id loci, 
hue (= hither), illnc, illo, isthuc, isto; hither ami 
— , ?HIC et (atqitr) illuc. 

thong, n. lanim ; see Strat. 

thorax, n. thorax (Plin.) ; sec Chest. 

thorn, n. spina (= — of plants, also — bush), 
sentis, -is, in. and f., vepres, -is, in. (= — bush) ; 
— bushes, senticetum (ante class.), and in the pi. 
in this sense, vepres, sentes (= hedge of — ), dtune- 
turn, dinni (— a place full of brambles, a thick, i). 
thorny, adj. sjunosiis (lit., tig. = of perplexed 
meaning), t senilis (= rough with thorns), labori- 
osiis, ardnus, aerwnnosus (tig.) ; — paths, etc., of 
the Stoics, ditmeta Sloicormn (Cic). 

thorough, adj. see Complete. Adv. pi nitus, 
prorsus, omnino, plane, fimditus; sec Com- 
pletely, thoroughbred, adj. generosus. 

thoroughfare, n. by transltus, -its, trans- 
vectio (= a passing through), iter (perrium), via 
(pervia, = road), or by the verbs transire, trans- 
veil i. 

thou, pers. pron. hi, hite (emphatic). 

though, conj. see Although. 

thousand, adj. inille (properly speaking a 
noun, not declined in the sing., but used only as 
noni. <ir accus. ; as a noun, it governs the genit. 
(e.g. inille passnvm) ; but milk is also considered 
as an adj., which however is not declined), 
■mil(l)ia, -iuvi ; several — s, the pi. of mille, 
and declined ; with the cardinal or distributive 
numerals (e.g. 2,000, duo or bina mil(l)ia ; 10,Wi0, 
decent or dena mil(l)ia), the noun in the genit. 
(e.g. 30,000 armed men, treeenta mi/(l)ia armato- 
rurn), except when we say 3,300, and so on (e.g. 
habuit iria mil(l)ia trecentos milites); = innu- 
merable, mille (= 1,000) or scsccttti (sexc, = 000 ; 
both = immense) ; a — times, mil(l)ie(n)s. 
thousandth, adj. mil(l)esinius. 

thraldom, n. see Slavery, Bondage, Ser- 
vitude. 

thrash, v.tr. to — corn, e spicis gruna ex- 
cutereovexterere/frumentum deterere (Col.), messem 
pertieis flagellars, spicas baeulis e.rcnlcic (with 
long sticks); = beat ; see Beat, thrashing, 
n. trituea. thrashing-floor, n, area, or more 
explicitly, area in qua frumenta detentnivr. 
thrashing-machine, n. tribvlum. 

thread, I. n. 1, lit. filum, linea, Unum, 

lieium, + suhtemen, stamen; 2, fig. of a nar- 
rative, filum (= quality, kind), better use 
narratio. II. v.tr. to — a needle, filum per 
acumen con(J)icere ; to — one's way; see Go. 
threadbare, adj. obscilctus (of clothes), tritus 
(of topics, etc.). 

threat, n. (compninatio, dcnunliatio. threa- 
ten, v.tr. m iiifts jaccre; to — anyone with, 
ulci ulqd minitari, (compninari, denuntian alci 
tdqi! (in words, e.g. war, murder); it — s to, 
etc., in en est vt, etc., or by the periphrastic 
conjugation, with part. int. act. (e.g. odia in, 
nora8 jmgnas ernptura sunt) ; to — = to be near 
at hand (of war, etc.), (im)ntincrc, impendere, in- 
stare, ingruere (poet., and in Tac). threaten- 
ing, adj. viinax, miniiabundus (lit. of persons) 
instans,' imminent (= near at hand, e.g. war, 
danger), praesens (— near, e.g. persecution, 
danger). Adv. mindziler. 



thr 



887 



til 



three, ailj. trts, tria; trini, trinae, Irinu 
I— three together); a period »f — days, triduum ; 
— fold, triplex; — footed, tripes; — hundred, 
trect nti ; — thousand, tria vi'd{l)Ui. threefold, 
triple, adj. triplus, triplex, tripartvtus (pert.) 
in tres partes divisus. thrice, adj. ter; twice 

or — , bis terque, ileruin ae. terliuin; — IllOrC, 

triplo plus, third, I. adj. tertins; a — time, 
tertinm, tertio; in the — place, tertio; there is 

no — course, nihil teriivm est, nihil Imbet ista 
res medium. Adv. tertio. II. ii. tertio. pars; 
heir to a — , Itcrcs ex triente ; two — s, c tribus 
dime partes, bes, bessis (= two — s of a whole 
(e.g. the us) consisting of twelve parts, conse- 
quently S-liths or 2-3rds, e.g. alqm relinquire 
tieredem ex besse). 

threshold, n. limen (lit. and fig.). 

thrift, n. frvgalitas, parsimonia. thrifty, 
adj. frugi, parvus. Adv. frugaliter, parce. 

thrill, I. v.tr. commovere. II. v.intr. 1, or 
notes, resonare ; sec Resound; 2, — with joy, 
etc., ex(s)ndtare, [laetitid) gestire, efferri, commov- 
eri. thrilling, adj. 1, see Shrill; 2, = ex- 
citing, mirijicus, mints, horrendus ; see Wonder- 
ful. 

thrive, v.intr. by erescere : see Prosper. 

throat, n. jugulum, gutter; to cut any one's 
— , alqm jurjularc. 

throb, I. v.intr. by satire, palpitare; sec 
Beat. II. n. cordis palpitutio (Plin.% 

throe, n. dolor. 

throne, n. milium (lit. = an elevated seat, — 
in gen., in particular = the royal — ), suggestus, 
-us(= elevated seat, elevation in gen.), s«te>, -is, 
f. , or sella regia (lit. = the king's — ), regnum 
(iig. = royal dignity, reign), imperium(flg. = the 
highest power) ; to sit on the — , sedere in solio 
or in sede regia (lit.), regem esse, regnare (Iig. = 
to reign, to be king) ; to ascend the — , regnum 
occupare (Iig.), regnum or imperium udijnsci 
(= to come upon the — ). 

throng, I. n. frequentia. II. v.tr. frequent- 
are ; see Crowd. 

> throstle, n. turdus. 

throttle, I. n. see Windpipe. II. v.tr. suf- 
focare, an imam or spiritum intercludere. 

through, prep, per with accus. of place and 
time (e.g. per tres dies, or tres (lies alone, = — 
three days ; per African, — ■ — Africa ; per te, = 
— you) ; as denoting the instrument or means, 
it was — you (i.e. on account of), propter te erat 
or teuuetore; — and — ,penitus,prorsus, omnino; 
see Altogether, throughout, I. prep, see 
Through. II. adv. see Through and Through 
above ; see By. 

throw, I. v.tr. jacere, juctare (repeatedly or 
constantly), miltire (= to let go), con(j)irire (= 
hurl), in(j)icire(— to — into) alci rei or in alqd; — 
anything at anyone, petere alqm alqd re (e.g. alqm 
inalo); to — stones at anyone, lapides mittere or 
con(j)icere in alqm, lapidibus peters alqm, lapi- 
dibits alqm prosequi; to — dice, talos or tesseras 
jacere; let the die be thrown (fig.), jarta 
alea esto; to — about, jactare (e.g. tempestcUe 
jttctari in alto) ; to — anything, spargere, dispcr- 
gire ; to — across, transQyieere <dqd trans alqd or 
double accus. (e.g. exercitum (trans) Iihodanum) ; 
to — a bridge across a river, flumenpontejungcre ; 
to — away, ab(j)iccre. ; to — oneself into, sc alci 
rei dedere, alei rei studert ; to — open, patefacere ; 
to — out; see Reject, Remark; to — up; see 
Build, Vomit. II. n. jaclus, -fis (in gen. and 
of dice), conjectus, -us (in gen.), alea (= — of 
the dice, Iig.), missus, -its (of stones, etc.). 
thrower, n. jaculator. throwing, n. \con- 
jectio; see Throw, II. 



thrust, I. v.tr. see Push, Drive, PlKRCK ; 
to — oneself; See INTRUDE. II. 11. tctVt, -Hi, 
plaga (= blow), petitio ( — attack). 

thumb, I. n. (digitus) pollex. II. v.tr. pollice 
terere. thumbscrew, n. by circuinloc (e.g. 
to apply the — , pollicem (paiil(t)tilim) coutundire. 

thump, I. u. see Blow. II. v.tr. Bee Beat. 

thunder, I. h. tonitrus, -us, lonitruum, i, 
fragor (of any loud noise, e.g. fragor caeli or 
caelestis); rig. = noise, clamor, sonitus, -Us. II. 

v.intr. (iu)tonare (impers., trans, and intr.) 
also Iig. of a strong voice), thunder bolt, 
n. fuhnen ; struck by a — , de eaelo tactus. 
thunder-storm, n. tonitrua et fidmina, tem- 
pestascum tonitribus. thunder-struck, adj. 
obstupefaclus. 

Thursday, n. * dies Jovis. 

thus, adv. ita, sic (in this manner) ; sec So. 

thwart, I. V.tr, see Hinder. II. n. tran- 
situ m. 

thy, {iron, tuus; see Your. 

thyme, n. Uiymum. 

tick, ticking, I. n. of a clock, tonus or 
sonitits, -ns (fteoualibus intervallis foetus). II. 
v.intr. perhaps tempus sonitu indium, sonare. 

ticket, n. tessera (Suet.), probably the best 
word for a ticket for theatre, etc (Admission 
to Roman theatres was free). 

tickle, v.tr. litillare alqd (also tig. e.g. 
stnsus ; but Cic. always says quasi titUlare); 
quasi titillalionem adhibSre alci n E(e.g. u nsibu»); 
to — the palate, palatum tergcre (Ilor., of any- 
thing we eat), tickling, n. titillaiio. tick- 
lish, adj. 1, lit. titilluliunis miuiuie patient; 2, 
fig. of persons; he is very — in that respect, 
lute re facile ojfendUur; of things, lubricus it 
anceps. 

tide, n. 1, aestus, -iis (maiitimus), or in pi., 
mariuorum ncsluum acccturus et recessus (both 
■iis), aestus marilimi niutun aceedentes el net' 
denies; the — comes in twice every twenty- 
four hours, bis ajjluunl bisque remeant oestus 
maris ricrnis quatemisqiic semper horit (Plin.); 
2, Iig- mulatio (= change), or by crtachrc oc de- 
erescere. tidal, adj. </""<' '"' ueslunx periinet; 

— wav<V'H«V» (aestU facta). 
tidings, n. vuntius ulcjs rei; see Newj. 
tidy, adj. nitidus; sec Neat. 

tie, I. v.tr. see Bind; to — a knot, nodum 
facere, in ixodum colligere. II. n. 1, nodus (= 
knot), vinculum; 2, of friendship, etc., rincu- 
lum, nodus, coiijunctio, necessitudo (also of kin- 
ship). 

tier, n. ordo, -inis, m. ; see Row. 

tiger, n. tigris. 

tight, n. strictus, n(d)strietus (= fitting — ), 
angustus, artus (= narrow) ; a — shoe, ealc us 
vr'cns (when it hurts); — rope, funis coutcnius. 
tighten, v.tr. stringere, a(d)stringirt (e.g. 
chain, vinculum ; a shoe, calceum). in!' 
contendere (= to bend, draw — , what was louse 
before, e.g. urcvm iutendire Or contendere; He 
skin, cutem intendere), comb, contendere r.' (.('- 
ducere; to — the reins, habenas adduefrt (npp. 
remittere). Adv. and tightness, n. use adj. 

tile, n. tegula, imbrex (for roof), tessera (for 
paving). 

till, I. pre]). 1, to express the limit, nrf, 
Usque ad with accus. (= to a certain point), in, 
usque in with accus. (= about as far as), tcnu* 
with ablat. (put after the noun to fix the end) ; 
2. as regards the time, ad, vsque ad, in, usque 
in'; — when? quo usque (continuing)? quem ml 
finem (= — what time)? — to-day, usqyte ad 



til 



839 



toa 



hviic (lle:n, hoitie quoqne ; — to-morrow, in cms-' 
tinvm ; — late at night, ad initltam noctem; 
— daylight, ml lucem. II. con.j. ditm, donee, 
quoad (= as long as; but quoad defines t lie 
time more precisely); not — , hoh prius quam, 
noii ante ipiam ; sec Until. 

till, v.tr. arare (= plough), eolire (= culti- 
vate); see Cultivate, tillage, n. (initio, end- 
tus, -i?», cultvra. tiller, u. ai-ator (= plongh- 
iimn), agricola, {uijri)atllor. 

till, n. = money — , area, tiller, n. clavus. 

tilt, n. see Cover. 

tilt, I. v.tr. invertere. II. v.intr. = fight, 
by hastis ex equis pugnare; see Tournament. 

timlier, u. materia or maleries ; to fell — , 
materiam caedere, mater iari (once in Caes.). 

time, I. n. 1, tempus, -oris, n. dies (= tlie 
day), spatium (= — as a period) juevwn, in- 
terrallum (= interval), aelas (= age), tempestas 
(= season), saendvui (= a long — , a genera- 
tion), otium (= leisure), occasio, opportunitas 
(= opportunity) ; the most celebrated general 
of bis — , clarissimus imperii tor suae aetatis ; 
in our — , nostra] memorial ; at the right — , 
tempore (tempori, temperi) ad tempus, tempestive, 
op]uirlinie, in tempore; in ancient — s, an- 
tiquitus ; from the — when, ex quo (tempore) ; at 
every — ,omni tempore; from — to — , iutcrdum 
(= now and then); for all — , in omve tempus; 
in good — , mature (e.g. to rise, surgere); against 
the — , sub or ad tempus; in the mean — , interea, 
interim ; according to — and circumstance, pro 
tempore el pro. re, ex re et tempore; to require — 
for, tempus postulare ad; it is — to go, tempus 
est ut eamns or ire ; eight — s eight, octo octies 
mvUiplicata; 2, in music, tempus, nnmerus, 
modus ; to beat — , rnanu intervalla signare; 
in — , nvmerose. II. v.tr. tempiis observare 
finem certo tempore aid rei imponire. timely, 

1. adj. maturus (of fruits, etc., tig. aevi mat-urns, 
Veig.), tempestivns, opportunvs. II. adv. ma- 
ture, tempestire, opportune. timepiece ; n. see 
Clck'k. time-server, n. adulator, assentator 
(= flatterer!. 

timid, adj. limidus, pavidns, trepidus, vere- 
cundvs (= bashful), formidinis plenus (= full of 
fear), ignavus (= cowardly); to be — , timidum, 
etc., esse, metuere, time re ; don't \k — , omitte 
timorem. Adv. timide, pavide, trepide, rcrecunde, 
ignave. timidity, n. timiditas, pavor, trcpi- 
dntio, ignavia. timorous, adj. see Timid. 

tin, n. plumbum album, stannum (Plin.). 

tincture, n. (in med.) liquor medieatus ; = 
a slight colouring, color, fucus (lit. and fig.). 

tinge, v.tr. imbuere, colorare, inficere, tingere 
alqd alqd re, alqd alci rei indnccre. 

tinder, n. fames, -itis, in. 

tingle, v.intr. 1, in the ears, aures tinnire; 

2, see Itch. 

tinker, n. a(h)enorum rejector . 

tinkle, v.intr. tinnire; see Resound, tink- 
ling, n. t tinnitus, -Us. 

tinsel, 11. 1. lit. bractea (= metal leaf); — 
cloth, pannvs av.ro intextus ; 2, fig. funis, spe- 
cies. 

tip, I. u. cacumen, summa, ultima pars ; see 
Point. II. v.tr. (prac)acuerc (= sharpen), alqd 
alci rei praeflgere ; — over, invertere ; see Over- 
turn, tiptoe, n. 1, lit. i7i digitos erccti (from 
Quint.); 2, fig. (ex(s)pectatione, etc.) intcntvs. 

tipple, v.intr. see Drink, tippler, n. potor ; 
see Drunkard, tipsy, adj. temulentus, ebrius. 
Adv. tcmvltntrr, or by adj. 

tire, I. v.tr. (de)fatigare. II. v.intr. (<7c)- 
fatiguri. tired, adj. (dejfaliyatus, defessvs, 



uissus, lassitudine confectiis. tiresome, adj. 
importunvs, molcstus (lit. and tig.), lentus ( = 
slow), tiring, adj. quod (de)fatigat, or by fa- 
boriosvs; see Lahoriovs. 

tiro, n. tiro ; rudis et tiro. 

tissue, 11. 1, ttoliu, -its; see Ti:.\TH(i: ; 2, 
tig. series, or by torus (e.g. the thing is a — of 
falsehoods, tota res e mendaciis constat). 

tit-bit, u. aip(p)cdia, -orum, or cup(p)cdiae. 

tithe, I. n. decuma, deci ma jars. II. v.tr. 
decumas imponire. 
title, n. tilulus (in gen.), insc.riptio, index {=. 

— of a book), nomen(— name), hence com b. tilu- 
lus nomeni/ne (0\\) , pracscrijitio (= introduction 
to a senatorial decree, etc.) ; to give a book a — , 
inscribcre librum; a — (as an honour), nomen, 
appellatio (in addressing anyone) ; to give any- 
one a — , alipn appcllure with accus. of the title 
(e.g. regem) ; = right, vindiciac ; see Rioht. 
titled," adj. by birth, etc., nobilis. titular, 
adj. by nomine, opp. to re. 

titter, v.intr., see Laucfi. 

tittle, n. minima pars, illiquid ex alqd re ; 
tittle-tattle, n. see Chatter, Gossip. 

tittle, n. to a — , by circumloc, e.g. by S7i6- 
tiliter, ant (e.g. rem aeu tetigisti), res ipsa. 

to, prep.(dcnotingmotiontowards)arf(in gen.) 
in(= into) with accus. (odeum locum proficisci, to 
go — that place; adalqm venire, to come — some- 
one), with towns and small islands accus. with- 
out ad, but not if urban, oppidum be used in 
apposition with the name of the place, ntf also 
with usque (e g. usque ad Romam profectus est, he 
went (i.e. as far as) Rome) ; with a, ab, it denotes 
the extreme points of motion or distance (Aqui- 
tunia a Garumnd ad 1'yranens niontes pertinet, 
A. extends from the Garonne — the Pyrenees), 
the direction of a word or speech (invitare ad 
cenam) ; limit in time (Sophocles ail summam 
senectntim tragocdias fecit, = Sophocles made tra- 
gedies down — extreme old age ; ad dii m 
solvere, = to pay — the day) ; — is properly the 
sign of the Latin dative (milii dedit librum, = he 
gave a book — me ; mihi venit auxilio, = he came 

— my aid) ; sometimes the force of — is given 
by thegenit. (desiderium edendi, =desire to eat), 
also by an infill, (me jnssit ire, =he commanded 
me — go), by the supine (spectatem ivit, = he 
came — behold), or by the gerundive with ad 
(profectus est ad ludos spectandos, = he has gene 

— see the games) ; after dignus, worthy, use qui 
and the subj. (diginis est qui laudetur, = >.e is 
worthy — be praised) ; = in order to, ut or ne 
with subj. 7ti with the accus. properly means 
"into," denoting entrance (as in domum in- 
travit, — he went into his house), but sometimes 
the idea of entrance or of penetration, is 
dropped, so that the Latin in corresponds with 
our — or till (e.g. in aram confugit, = he tied — 
the altar; in eandem senlentiam loquitur, =he 
speaks — the same effect ; indvlgens in or erga 
palrem, severns in fdium, = indulgent — [or to- 
wards] his father, severe — his son). Special 
phrases — my, thy house, ad me, ad tr, — this 
or that place, hue or illuc ; ■ — the temple ot 
Vestae, Jupiter, ad Vestae, Jovis ; — the country, 

— home, rus, domum; to look — the west, in- 
occidentem spectare ; — a man, ad unum; to 
compare anyone — anyone, alqm cum aiqo com- 
parare. to-day, Z. 11. Tiodterwus dies. II. adv. 
hodie. to-morrow, I. n. crastinus dies. II. 
adv. eras. 

toad, n. bufo ; — stool, fungus, toady, 
n. and v.tr. see Flatter. 

toast, I. v.tr. 1, = scorch bread, torrcre; 2, 
= drink health, salutem alci propivare. II. 11. 
1, panis tostus ; 2, use verb, see above I. 2. 



i;ob 



889 



tou 



tobacco, n. *herba nicotiana, = the plant, 
* tabacum (as smoked). 

toe, n. (pedis) digitus. 

together, adv. una (aim), rifH.nl, comb, und 

simid, eodem tempore simul, conjuttctim ; all — , 
ad unum omnes, cuncti, universi (opp. singuli). 

toil, I. n. magnus labor. II. v.intr. mvlto 
sudors et labor efitcere alqd ; see Labour, Work. 
toilsome, adj. laboriosus, operosrus; see La- 
borious, Difficult. Adv. laboriose, operose. 

toilet, ii. cultus, -us, ornatiis, -us ; to mako 
one's — , se vestire. 

token, ii. signum ; see Skin. 

tolerable, adj. 1, = what can be tolerated, 
tolerabilis, tolerandus, jxttibilis ; 2, = middling, 
tolerabilis, mcdiocris,modicits. Adv. tolerabiliter, 
viediocriter, modice, satis (= sufficiently), tole- 
rate, v.tr. tolerare, ferre, with sense of acquies- 
cence, aequo animo ferre; in religious matters, 
aliena sacra alci permiltere; see Bear; = to 
allow anything being done, puti alqd fieri, si- 
nere, permitterc. tolerance, n. indulgentia 
(= indulgence), tolerantia, tohratio (= bearing of 
anything) ; in matters of religion, indulgentia 
erga sacra, aliena. 

toll, n. vectigal (in gen.), portorium (as excise 
duty, transit, at a — bar) ; — keeper, exactor 
portorii, porlitor. 

toll, v.intr. and tr. by sonare. 

tomb, n. scpulc(h)rum, tumulus (lit. = 
mound). tomb-Stone, n. lapis, -idis, in., 
cippus, mouuvientum. 

tome, n. liber ; see Book. 

ton, tun, ll. as a vessel, seria (oval), dolium 
(round) ; as a measure, of liquids, centum ur- 
nae (liquid measure), perhaps maximum pon- 
dus, -eris, n. (in avoirdupois weight), ton- 
nage, n. calculated by the number of oni- 
phorae (i.e. Roman cubic feet), e.g. navis plus 
quam trecentarum amphorarum est. 

tone, n. 1, sonus, sonitus, -Us, vox (from the 
mouth or a musical instrument) ; 2, flg. see 
Character. 

tongs, ii., Are — , forceps, m. and f. 

tongue, n. lingua (also fig. = neck of land, 
language), ligiila { = neck of land), examen (of 
a scale), sermo ( = language). 

tonic, n. mediclno, quae stomachum corro- 
borat. 

tonsils, n. tonsillae. 

too, adv. etiam, quoque, praeterea (e.g. unum 
ctiam vos oro, — one thing — I ask of you ; non 
sophistae sulum, sed philosophi quoque, = not the 
sophists only, but the philosophers — ) ; — 
much, nimium, nimio; — great, nimis maguus ; 
by comparative, he is — learned to have said 
that, doctior est quam qui hoc dixerit ; to act — 
hastily, festinantius agerc, per impnulentiam 
facere alqd. 

tool, n. in sing, use special word (e.g. rastrum, 
= rake, gardener's — ) ; pi. as collective, instra- 
mentum (e.g. rusticmn). 

tooth, n. dens, -ntis, m. (in the mouth, 
also of an anchor) ; a hollow — , dens cavus or 
cavatus (Plin.); false — , denies empti (Mart.); 

— ache, dolor dentiitm: to have — , laborarc 
ex^dentibus; —pick, dentiscalpium (Mart); — 
powder, dentifrkivm (Plin.) ; —some, dulcis. 

top, I. n. 1, summits with noun (e.g. summits 
mons); from — to toe, tutus, or by adv. penilus, 
omnino, prarsus (= altogether) ; see Summit ; 2, 
a child's — , turbo. II. adj. summits ( = highest) ; 

— heavy, gravior ( = heavier than is right). 
topaz, n. topazius «r chrysolithus (Pljn.). 



toper, n. polator, potvr. 

topic, n. urgumi ntum ; see Subject. 

topography, n. locorum descriptio. 

topsy-turvy, adv. to turn — , omnia turbart 
ct miseerc. 

torch, n. fax, lacda ( = a piece of wood), 

funale ( — wax candle). 

torment, I. v.tr. (ex)cruciare (lit. and fig.), 
torqucre (lit. = to torture; then tig., both of man 
and of bodily and mental pain), slimidare ( =■ to 
prick, then lig., e.g. of the conscience), angere(=- 
to distress), vexars («= to let anyone have no rest 
and peace); to — anyone with questions, alqm. 
rogitando obtundere. II. n. cruciatus, -its (lit. 
and fig.), tormentttm (lit. = torture ; then fig. 
excruciating pain, of body or mind), comb, cru- 
ciatus el tormentum, doloris stimuli (= excruciat- 
ing pain), tormentor, n. vexator (lig.). 

tornado, n. turbo. 

torpedo, n. torpedo (= the fish, and perhaps 
as t.t. for the explosive). 

torpid, adj. terpens (lit. and lig.). 

torpor, 11. torpor. 

torrent, n. torrent; — of rain, imber torren- 
tis modo effusus ; — of words, Jlumtii vcrborum. 
torrid, adj. torridus. 

tortoise, u. testudo; — shell, testudinis pit- 
tumen (Plin.), testudinis testa (Var.). 

torture, I. n. tormenta, -orum, n. (lit. and 
fig., as a measure to compel prisoners to confess ; 
then the instruments used for that purpose, 
such as equuleus (= rack) ; cruciatus, -its (of t ho 
pain suffered ; also fig., e.g. of the conscience), 
qnuestio (of slaves), verbera, -lint ( = lashes). 
II. v.tr. 1, lit. (ex)torquere, excaiiiijicare (rare), 
in equuleum imponcre, (ex)criiciarc ; to — any- 
one at a trial, (tormentis) qnaerere de alqo, 
also de alqd re; 2, fig. (ex)cruciare ; see Tor- 
ment, torturer, n. tortor,carni/ex( = execu- 
tioner). 

toss, I. v.tr. mittere, jaculari, jactare ; see 
Throw, Hurl. II. n. jactus, -us, jactatlo. 

total. I. adj. totus, cunctus, universus, omnia. 
Adv. omnlno, plane, prorsus, fuuditus (with 
verbs of destroying, etc.), ))enitus or by tutus 
(e.g. totus ex fraud efacltts). II. n. summa (of a 
debt ; also in summa exercitus tuenda, the whole, 
i.e. the main part of the army, Caes.), sulidum 
(of a debt), totality, n. nniversitaa, summa or 
by adj. Total. 

totter, v.intr. labare, i nutare, vacillate (to 
vacillate), titubare (like one that is drunk, asleep, 
etc.). 

touch, I. v.tr. 1, lit. tangere, attingere, con- 
tingere (all three also = to border, of countries, 
etc.) ; 2, flg. = affect, (<x>m)movlre, alqm dolore, 
etc., afficere ; = relate to, pertinere ad; — at 
(of a ship), (navem) appellere, appelli ad or 
in; to — upon, leviter tangere, breiiter or stric- 
tim attingere, brevitsrpsrstringire. II. n. tactio, 
tactus,-us( = the act or sense) ; lig. a — of art, etc., 
perhaps aliquid, with gen. of noun, touch- 
ing, I. adj. animum (com)movtns, miserationem 
or misericordiom movent. II. prep, de ; see 
Concerning, touchstone, n. cStieula, lapis 
Lydius (Plin); tig. obrvssa (=test, whether 
anything is first-proof). tOUChy, adj. inullis 
ad accipiendam offensionem (e.g. animus, Cic), 
irritabilis ( = irritable), Iracit mitts. 

tough ndj. lentvi (lit. and lig.). tough- 
ness, n. leitiitia. 

tour, n. iter, itineris, n. ; to make — , etc., ffcr 
facfre. tourist, n. see Traveller, 



tou 



890 



tra 



tournament, n. by certamen equitnm hastis 
concurrcntium. 
tow, n. stuppa. 
tow, v.tr. trahere; to — line, funis, -is. 

toward, I. prep, ad, in, versus (always after 
its noun) with accus. (e.g. ad orientem, — the 
east, Brandisium versus); also adversus (e.g. nd- 
versus montem, - [motion] —the mountain) ; to 
go— anyone, obviam ire alci ; with a wider ap- 
plication of the idea of direction, denoting dispo- 
sitions, inclinations, etc., as, — a person, adver- 
sus, erga, in with accus. (est enim 2>ictas just H in. 
adversus dcos, = piety is justice — the gods); 
genit. merely (carilas patriae, = love — one's 
native land); ad meridiem, = — midday; sub 
vesperum, = — evening. II. adj. sec Docile, 
Obedient. 

towel, n. mantela (riiantile). 

tower, I. n. turris; a — of strength, fig., 
arx or praesidium. II. v.intr. ex alqo loco cm i- 
nire, exstare ; to — over, alci loco imminere ; to 
be in a — ing rage, iracundid efferri. 

town, I. n. urhs (also = capital, more par- 
ticularly Hume itself), oppidum, nvunicipium. (= 
a free city, esp. in Italy) ; — 's-people, oppidani; 
— hall, curia; — ship, urbis ago: II. adj. 
urticatus. 

toy, I. n. see Plaything, = trifles, nugae. 
II. v.intr. see Play. 

trace, I. n. vestigium, indicium (= sign), in 
the pi. comb, indicia ct vestigia (e.g. veneni), sig- 
nificatio alcjs rei (= indication, e.g. timoris). II. 
v.tr. 1, = to draw, mark out, delineare, desig- 
'/tare (with the pencil; <i«. also lig. verbis), de- 
scribe re (\\\l\\ the pencil or pen), adumbrare.{= to 
shadow out) ; 2, = to follow by footsteps, (odore) 
persequi abpn or ulqd (lit. of dogs, etc. ; then of 
men), odorari (lit. and tig.), indagare or investl- 
gure alqd (lit. and fig), tracer, n. investiga- 
tor (fem. investigatrix, late), indagator. tra- 
cing, n. investigalio, indagatio. track, I. n. 
1, see Path; 2, see Trace. II. v.tr. alcjs or 
alcjs rei vestigia persequi, also persequi abpn or 
alqd ; see TnACE. 

tract, n. I. spatium(= space in ge' 1 ), tractus, 
•us (= district) ; see Region, District ; II. = 
treatise, libellits. tractable, adj. tmctabilis, 
docilis, obsequens, obsequiosus, oboediens facil is (= 
willing). Adv. obsequenter, obedicnter. tract- 
ableness, n. dbsequiuin, obocdientio, docilitas, 
fucilitas, obsequium, 

trade, I. n. 1, see Commerce ; 2, = the 
business anyone has learnt, ars (= art, also any 
mechanical skill, as in Li v. of the — of a 
butcher), aiiificium; ars operosa(=an art which 
produces something), negotium servile (of the 
lower — s, e.g. of a shoemaker, smith, etc., 
and which were carried on by slaves), ars sordi- 
da, quaeslus, -us sordidus (inasmuch as the lower 
trades and tfie gains made by them were con- 
sidered below the dignity of a free Roman and 
of the patricians, opp. ars liberalis). II. v.tr. 
rem gercre et lucrum facere ( = to do a good — , 
Plaut.), mercaturam or (of several) mcrcainras 
facere (as a merchant, more esp. wholesale), 
uegotiari (of a money-lender, banker, corn- 
dealer, etc.). tradesman, trader, n. canpo 
(= huckster) ; see Merchant. 

tradition, n. traditio(= handing over, down ; 

in the sense of "handing down by verbal — ," 
by memoria if = remembrance in gen.), lit(t)i rue 
(in writing), sn-mo or/awn (oral), traditional, 
traditionary, adj. posteris traditus or pi'odir 
tus (in gen.), lil(iyris enstoditus (in writing). 

traduce, v.tr, see Slanpbr, 



traffic, I. n. eommercium ; see Commerce. 
II. v.intr. mercaturam facere ; see Trade. 

tragedy, n. 1, tragoedia ; to perforin a — , 
tragoediamagere; 2, tig. casus, -us. tragedian, 
n. = tragic actor, tragoedus, tragiens actor, tra- 
gic, adj. tragicus ; in a — manner, tragicomorc ; 
lig. trisiis ( = sad), luctuosus ( = mournful, e.g. 
cxitium), miserabilis( = wretched, e.g. aspectus), 
atrox (= frightful, e.g. res, event). Adv. tragice, 
miserabiliter, atrocitcr. tragicomedy, n. 
trogicomoedia. 

train, I. v.tr. 1, sec Draw; 2, = to educate, 
(c)iloccrc, instil ucrc; to — soldiers or athletes, excr- 
cere; see Educate. II. n. 1, of a gown, etc., syr- 
ma, -atis, n.(= robe with — ), or by quod trahitur, 
quod verrit ierram(=sweepihgtheground, of long 
dresses); 2, = procession, pompa; 3, = series, 
ordo, series, trainer, n. of horses, equorum 
domitor ; of athletes, mogistcr (gladiatorum 
magisler, Cic). training,']!. riisciji"«M(inthe 
widest sense) ; in war, militia? or militaris dis- 
cipline; in law, juris civilis disclp. ; in philo- 
sophy, philosophiae discip. ; exercitutio (= exer- 
cise, both physical and other, e.g. excrc. diceildi, 
in speaking) ; see Education. 

trait, n. 1, = a touch, linca (e.g. primis 
veltit lineis alqd designarc) ; 2, in a person's 
character, by adjs. ; an excellent — , praeclaruvti 
(e.g. praec. hocquoqxie 1'hrasybvli) , or by propri- 
us, followed by genit. (e.g. quod oratoris pro- 
prima est), or by genit. and est (e.g. mpientis est, 
= it is the — of a wise man). 

traitor, n. proditor, majeslatis or pcrdncl- 
lionis reus (= one accused of high treason). 
traitorous, adj. see Treacherous. 

trammel, n. and v.tr. see Fetter, 

tramp, I. v.intr. see Travel, Walk. II. 
n. 1, iter (= journey); 2, grassator (= foot- 
pad). 

trample, v.tr. and intr. (^edibus)(con)culcare 
alqd; lig. to — under foot, deridere (= to* turn 
into ridicule, persons or things, e.g. religion, 
res divinas), opprimcre; sec Tread, Despise, 
Oppress. 

trance, n. secessus, -us mentis ct animi a 
corpore, animus a corpore dbstractus. 

tranquil, adj. tranquillus. tranquillity, 
ii. truiiquillitas (lit. and lig.); see Quiet, Calm. 
tranquillize, v.tr. tranquillare. 

transact, v.tr. business, rem gercre, agere, 
transigere; see Do. transaction, n. res, 
negotium; see Business. 

transcend, v.tr. praestare alci alqd re, (ex)- 
superare abpn, excellere alci (in. alqd re) or inter 
alqns ; see Excel, Surpass, transcendent, 
adj. praestans, singularis, eximiiis ; see Excel 
lent, transcendental, adj. quod sensu oi 
sensibus percipi non potest, quod sub sensus noi\ 
cadit, quod sensibus non subjectum est. 

transcribe, v.tr. transcribere ; see Copy. 
transcript, n. exemphm (= copy). 

transfer, I. v.tr. tra(ns)(j)icere, (lit. legiones 
inSiciliam),tra(ns)duccre(lit.),transportare(\H.), 
transfcrrc in with accus. (lit. beltum in Italia in ; 
then = to translate into another tongue, e.g. ex 
Graeco in Latinum ; then = to use in a tig. sense, 
e.g. a word, verbum; = to put on another, e.g. 
culpam in abpn), transmittcre in with accus. (= 
to send over, across as it were, e.g. the war into 
Italy), transfundere in or ad with accus. (= to 
pour out of one vessel into another, e.g. amorcm 
in. abpn, omnes suas laudes ail abpn) ; = to make 
over, as a right, (ctm)eedere alqd alci, transcri- 
bere alqd, to anyone, alci (in writing, Jet.); to — 
apart of, cedcre alcialqd dc alqd re. II. n. trans- 
lqtio(= the act of — ing),mancipiniii(»f property), 



tra 



891 



tre 



transferable, adj. quod in alqm concederc licet. 
transference, n. tra(us)latio. 

transfiguration, n. transfigaratio (Keel.). 
transfigure, v.tr. (com)mutare; his counten- 
ance was — d at these words, quibus diet is ejus 
Jades strenior facta est; transjigurare (Eccl.). 

transfix, v.tr. 1, transfigere, (con)j'oderc ; 2, 
fig. dejigere (alqm gladio) . 

transform, v.tr. totumdemtofingireQik =to 

form anew); to — into tratis/orniarc in alqm or in 
alind, (con)vertere in alqm or abjd (e.g. incancm), 
(com)mutare ; see Change, transforma- 
tion, n. use verb. 

transfuse, v.tr. transfundere. trans- 
fusion, by the verb. 

transgress, I. v.tr. transcendere (e.g. jus 
gentium, movem), violarc(e.g. Jbedus, jus gentium). 
II. v.intr. ab officio discedere, alqd contra leges fac- 
ers, transgression, n. n'ofono with gen.(= the 
act of — , e.g. juris gentium, foederis), pcccalum, 
delictum (= fault, etc.); see Crime, Fault. 
transgressor, n. violator alcjs rei, or by 
verb ; see also Criminal. 

transient, adj. brans, fiigax, caducus, in- 
etabilis, viutabilis, fluxus, incertus. transit, 

n. trousitus, -us (in gen. = the best word for 
■ — of a planet) ; goods for — , merces ad 
alios populos transeuntes ; — duty, portorium ; 

— in a general sense, see Passage, transi- 
tion, n. transitu) (from one party to another, 
etc.), transitus, -its (lit., and in Quint, fig. of 
words, etc.), transgressio (lit. rave), trajectio, 
tra(us)jcclus, -us (lit.), transitive, adj. in 
gram., a — verb, rerbum transitivum. trans- 
itory, adj. see Transient. 

translate, v.tr. into another language, 
(con)vertere (in gen.), transferre (word for word, 
Quint.), reddire (= to render accurately), inter- 
pretari(=. to interpret) ; to — into Latin, in Lati- 
■num (con)verlire, Latins reddire ; lit., faithfully, 
exactly, verbum e verbo orde verba exprimere, ver- 
bum pro verba reddire. translation, n. liber 
seriptoriscoiiversus or tra(ns)latii3 ; — of a speech, 
oratia couversa. translator, n. interpret, 
-itis, in. and f. 

translucent, adj. pelhicidus; see Trans- 
parent. 

transmarine, adj. transmarinw. 

transmigration, u. by cireumloo. (e.g. 

— of souls, aaimarum in nova corpora (quasi) 
inigratio). 

transmit, v.tr. miltire alci or ad alqm. 
transmission, n. missio, or by verb. 

transmute, v.tr. see Change. 

transom, n. tignum transversum or trans- 
Versarium, t must rum. 

transparent, adj. 1, pellucidus, tra(ns)lu- 
cidus, perspicuus; to be — , pellucere, lucem 
transmitters ; 2, fig. widens, vianifestus ; see 
Clear. Adv. evidenter, sine dubio, manifests. 
transparency, n. vitri pelluciditas (Vitr.), 
perspicuitas. 

transpire, v.intr. 1, exhalari, emanarc; 2, 
= to escap* from secrecy, (di)vulgari, pervulgari, 
efferri (foras or in tmlgas), percrebrescere. 

transplant, v.tr. transferre (= to remove 
persons and things elsewhere, e.g. omncs nobiles 
familias Ilomam ; also plants, e.g. brassicam), 
tra(ns)dusire (e.g. poptdum Albanum Romam, 
gentem in Gallium), transplantation, n. 
tra(ns)latio. 

transport, I. v.tr. 1, transportare (by land 
and by water, persons and things), transferrc (= 
to bring across, things), transmitters, tru(ns)jidre 
(,— to send across the water, j'ersons and things) ; 



= to send to penal settlement, rehgare ; see T! \ v- 
ISH ; 2, Bg. bibe — ed(with delight, etc.). efferri, 
e.e(s)ultiire, or by special verb (e.g. gau 
II. n. 1, naeigium victoriiim, nuvicula vector ia 
(=a ship for crossing), navis oneraria (=ship of 
burden); 2, animus gaudio ar laetitU gettiens ; 
sec Rapture, transportation, n. 1, by 
verb; 2, sec Banishment. 

transpose, v.tr. trannmtart (e.g. words, 
letters, Quint.), transposition, n. tra(ns)- 
j" Uo (of wolds), transmittal tn (Quint.). 

transubstantiation, n. by transubstanti' 

alio (Eccl.). 

transverse, adj. irunsversus, Iransversarius 

(lying across). Adv. transverse, e trantvem. 

trap, I. n. niu&cipulmn or muscipula(Pbaoi., 

mouse — ), htqncus (= noose, — , lit. anil Bg.); 
see Snare. II. v.tr. Irretire (lit. and lig.) ; 
see Ensnare, trap-door, n. (parva) 

trappings, n. ornamrntum, orntttus, -us, equo- 
rum (in gen.), phahrue (= horses' head and neck 
ornaments). 

trash, n. 1, quisquiline (= sweepings), viles 
or viltssivute res ; see "Waste ; 2, = nonsense, 
gerrae, nugue. trashy, adj. sec Worthless. 

travail, I. v.tr. parlurire. II. n. dolor 
quern in puerperio abjs perpetitnr, in the context 
simply dulores (Ter.) ; in — , by parlurire, 

travel, I. v.tr. iter facers (in gen.), peregri- 
nnri (abroad), proficisci in or ad or circa, obire, 
circumirs (with aeeus.), peragran, pcrlustrare. 
II. n. iter, itincris, n. (in gen.), peregrinatio 
(abroad), traveller, n. i(tr faciens, viator 
(= wanderer mi foot), i'ec/or(= passenger on 
board a vessel), peregrinutor, pei-egrinans (= one 
who travels or resides abroad). 

traverse, v.tr. 1, see Cross ; 2, = to wander 
over, pcrcagari (intentionally), obire, t ] if rerrare 
(without a defined purpose), ptragran, lutlrare, 
perlustrare. 

travesty, n. see Pahodv. 

tray, u. ferculum. 

treacherous, adj. perfidus, perfldumts, infi- 
delis, injidus,fallax; dolosus (= cunning), subdolUs 
fill a bad aense, = sly). Adv. jKrjidiose, dolose; see 
Faithless, treachery, n. prodilio(= betrayal 
of a town, etc. ; also umisiliarum, Cic), perfidia, 
fraus, -dis, t., dolus (malus), injidelitas. 

treacle, n. condimentum ex saccharo factum. 

tread, I. v.intr. ingredi; to — in the foot- 
steps of anyone, alcjs vesUgiit ingredi; see 
Walk. II. v.tr. to — upon, calcarc ; to — under 
foot, fig. obtcrire (et calcare) (e.g. libcrtatan), con- 
at leave, proculcare (lit. — to trample down ; then 
tig., e.g. sertutum, Italiam). III. n. (in)nresnis, 
/igium, pes, pedis, in. ; trodden path, viti 
tritit. 

treason, n. majestas, majestatis(lacsae or mi- 
nutac) crimen ; to commit — , majestatcm minucre 
or laedere. treasonable, adj., adv. by cir- 
cuniloe. with majestas (e.g. accused of treason, 
laesae majestatis accusatus). 

treasure, I. n. thesaurus, gn;a (lit. = treasury 
of the Persian king, then of any foreign prince), 
opes, -urn, divitiae(= riches), copia (— quantity, 
stoic). II. v.tr. accMi»«toir,eoac«rwre(=tohe«p 
up money, —si, conderc. re]x>nire ( = to store). 
treasure-house, n. thesaurus, treasurer, 
n. praefettus aerarii (Plin.) treasury, n. 
aerariwn. 

treat, I. v.tr. =to be engaged in anything, 
tractate alqm or alnl, rum re alq>H or «'</<' (= to 
attend to), disputare, disserin de alqA "', pro- 
sequi «!q<l(c,\\ ft learned subject) ; to — a case (of 



tre 



892 



tri 



illness), curare morbum ; to — a patient, alqm trac- 
tare, curare; = to behave towards anyone, ulqm 
habere, alqd re ajficerc, ab[o uti ; to — well, ill, etc., 
bene, mule, etc. ; to — as an enemy, (in) hostium 
numero habere alqm, pro hoste habere or dveere 
alqm; =■ to entertain, invito.™ (in gen.); see En- 
tertain. II. v.intr. to — with (= to negotiate), 
agerc cum alqodealq&re. III. n. delectatw(— de- 
light), spectacidum (= a show) ; to give anyone 
a — , perhaps alqm (delectandi caus(s)d) invitare; 
see Entertainment, treatise, n. disputatio, 
dissertatio (on a learned topic ; class, only of oral 
discussion), liber, libellus(= the book in which 
a subject is treated), treatment, n. tractatio, 
curatio (= attending to) ; kind — , comitas, huma- 
nitas; cruel, unkind — , saevitia ; mode of — , 
tractatio, curatio. treaty, n. pactio, pactum 
(— a legal contract between two contending par- 
ties, pactio as act, puctum — what has been stipu- 
lated), conventio, amrentvs, -us (— agreed upon, 
although not legally binding), sjxinsio (=a — of 
peace or alliance concluded between the generals 
of two belligerent States, but as yet without the 
sanction of the latter), foedus, -iris, n. (= alliance 
sanctioned by the senate and the people) ; ac- 
cording to the — , expnelo, ex convento (Cic). • 
conventu, comb, ex jxicto et convento; to conclude 
a — with, facere or inire, icere, ferire or pangere; 
to break a — , foedus violarc, rumpere. 

treble, I. adj. 1, see Three, Triple ; 2, — 
voice, vox t sum ma or acuta. II. v.tr. alqd 
triplex facere. 

tree, n. arbor, f. ; apple — , pear , etc., 

malus, f., pirns, f., etc. ; see under name of 
special fruit; 2, see Pedigree.^ 
trefoil, n. trifolium (Plin.). 
trellis, n. see Lattice. 
tremble, v.intr. tremcre (in gen.), contremis- 
cere, intremiscere (all these, witli fright, and both 
of persons and things), micare( = to have a tremu- 
lous motion, like flames, e.g. of the vehts),vacittare 
( = to shake), horrcre( = to shudder with cold, fear, 
of persons); to — forfearof anything, tremerealqd 
(e.g. virgas ac secures didatoris), contremiscere 
alqd (e.g. vinculo), extimeseere alqd (e.g. pericu- 
lum); to cause to — , alqd tremefucerc. trem- 
bling, I. adj. tremens, tranebtmduc [ u ~- a single 
case), tremulus (= constantly). II. n. tremor; 
with — , tremens; without — , intrepide. 

tremendous, adj. 1, terribilis; see Ter- 
rible ; 2, ingots, immanis. Adv. valdc, vehe- 
ment?); magnopere, maxime. 
tremulous, adj. see Trembling, I. 
trench, I. n. fossa ; sec Ditch. II. v.tr. 
fossom fodere or face re ; to — upon, see En- 
croach. 
trencher, n. see Plate. 
trepan, I. n. modiolus (Cels.). II. v.tr. 
calvarium or os capitis modiolo prrforare. 

trespass, I. v.intr., lit. in alienum fundum 
ingredi (Jet); tig., see Transcress. II. n. 
1, lit. use verb; 2, fig. alcjs rei. violatio (the 
act), injuria alci rei illata (as a fact); see 
Tr\nsgress. trespasser, n. lit. qui in alie- 
num fundum ingreditv.r ; fig. alcjs rei violator. 
tress, n. comae ( = hair). 
trial, n. tentalio (tempt-), experiment inn, aperi- 
ent ia ( = the experience gained by the — one has 
made), per ielitatio (with a risk), periculum(= ex- 
perience gained with respect to anything, even 
with attending danger), amatus, -ii*(=atteinpt); 
tn make a — , pericidum facere alcjs rei ; — in law, 
judicium, interrogate (— examination in court., 
e.g. of a witness), tptaestio (as a whole) ; put, on 
his — , alqm jnstvlare or accusare alcjs rei. try, 
. v.tr. tev.taret = to — \o find a tiling out, what it 



is, etc.), experiri (= to see how it answers, as the 
result of tentarc), pcrhiitari. (with a risk, all the 
foregoing ahpn or alqd), pericidum facere alcjs or 
alcjs rei, explorure ( = to examine, to explore), 
gustatu ciplorari alqd (by tasting, wine, etc.); 
= to attempt, ten/are (tempt-), conari (generally 
witli inlin. ; with respect to the beginning of an 
undertaking), (e)niti ut or nc; in law, to — a 
case, judicare, cognoscere or quaerere de alqd re. 
tried, adj. spectatus, cognitus, probxdus, comb. 
spectalus et probatus. trying, adj. gravis, mo- 
lest us ; see Troublesome. 

triangle, n. trigdnum, triangvlum. tri- 
angular, adj. triangulns, triquetrus ( = three- 
sided). 

tribe, n. 1, tribus, -us, f. (=a division of the 
people among the Romans) ; by tribes, tributim; 
fellow — sman, tribulis; 2, in wider sense, 
gens, populus ; sec Nation, tribal, adj. by 
genit. of tribus, -iis, or gens. 

tribulation, n. miseria, res miserae or 
afjlictac; see Trouble. 

tribunal, n. 1, tribunal (= platform for the 
magistrates in the forum, e.g. in Rome for the 
praetor) ; 2, judicium (= Court, which see) ; to 
summon anyone before a — , alqm in judicium 
voca re. 

tribune, n. tribunus militum or militaris 
( = military — ), tribunus plebis (of the people). 
tribuneship, n. tribunatns, -us, tribunicxa 
jxttestas. 

tribute, n. tributum, vectigal (often in kind), 
stipendium (in money), tributary, I. adj. 
vectigalis (= paying taxes), tributarius ( = paying 
poll and land tax), stipendiarius ( = paying a cer- 
tain sum annually, of persons, more particularly 
of States that pay — ). II. n. — of a river, by 
ciicumloc. (e.g. a — of the Rhone, flnmen quod 
in Rhodanum influit). 

trick, I. n. rfo/»s(=cunning), fraus ^decep- 
tion), ars, artificium ( = artih'ce), machina (= stra- 
tagem), <cWiiia(Coni.); all manner of— s, uslutiae; 
conjuror's — , praesligiae; to play anyone a — , 
dolum alci ncctere. II. v.tr. and intr. see De- 
ceive, Deception, trickery, n. fallacia ; see 
Deception, trickish, adj. versutus. 

trickle, v.intr. manure, \rorare, stillarc alqd 
re. 

trident, n. tridens. 

triennial, adj. t trietericus. triennium, 
n. triennium, 

trifle, I. n. res parva or parvula, res minuta, 
mnnusculum ( = a small present), res parvi mo- 
menti ( = a matter, tiling of trifling importance), 
often also by the adjs. parvus, levis, 2>erlevts ; — s, 
res parvae or minutac, nugae (the latter also of in- 
significant — ) ; to buy anything for a — , pariw 
or vili cmirv. II. v.intr. lasciviri (= to play), 
nugari (= to talk nonsense), lvdere(= to play, to 
frolic), tin«jrfire(=toplaythe fool); to — opp. to 
act seriously, alqd negligere. trifler, n. nvgator. 
trifling, I. adj. levis, parvus; see Unimpor- 
tant. II. n. lascivia ( = playfulness), nugae, 
ineptiae.(— absurdities), ludus (= game). 

trigonometry, n. * trigonometria (as t.t. 
not class.). 

trilateral, adj. tribus lateribus. 

trill, I. n. perhaps vox or sonus vibrans 
(Plin.). II. v.tr. the voice in singing, vrbrissare 
(late). 

trim, I. adj. see Neat. II. v.tr. in gen. oh t d 
curare ( = to put in due order); = to decorate 
the body, etc., (ex)ornarc (e.g. rarid veste) ; to — 
the hair, recidcre (= to lop ofT what is too long, 
e.g. copillas),(de)tond,erc(= to cutoff, shave. c.<;. 



Tri 



893 



tttl 



the hair, hedges, etc.) ; to — trees, arborcs (am-) 
pvtare ; to — timber, etc. (in carpentry) (ascid) 
(Mare, ascid polire ; to — tlie sails, vela facere, 
velapandire. III. v.intr. in politics, consilia 
miitare, or fortuuae inservire. IV. n. 1, see 
Dke.sk, Ornament; 2, of a ship, perhaps by 
navis suis ponderibus librata. trimmer, n. 
qui consilia mutat. trimming, n. clavua (— 
a .stripe oC purple on the robes of the senators and 
equites), ornatus, -its, ornamentum (= ornament), 
trimeter, n. versus (-»s) trimetrus (trimetros). 

Trinity, n. * trinitos (Eccl.). Trinitarian, 
n. qui triplicem Dei naturam esse dicit. 

trinket, n. a7lfil)lrt«s(= ring), torques, -is, in. 
ami f.(= necklace), or by other special noun ; in 
pi. muudus (muiiebris) collectively. 

trio, n. = three together, Ires, tria; in music, 
conceittus (-its) trium vocum. 

trip, I. v.intr. 1, nffendere; 2, fig. errare, labi, 
labi el cadere, offenderc ; to — along, celcriter ire. 
II. v.tr. supplantare alqm. III. n. 1, see 
Stumble; 2, Error; 3, = a journey, Her; see 
Journey, Excursion. 
tripartite, adj. tripartUtts (triper-). 
tripe, n. omdsvm(= the thick fat intestines of 
a bullock, Schol. Hor. Ep.), omentum porci 
(Juv.). 
triple, adj. triplex; see under Three. 
tripod, n. tripus. 
trireme, n. (navis) triremis. 
trisyllable, n. trisyllabum verbum. 
trite, adj. (= often repeated, worn), (con)trl- 
ttts, communis, communis el contritus. 

triumph, I. n. 1, in honour of a Roman 
victory, triumphus; to celebrate a — , triumph- 
are, triumphuM ayere or habere, ovare (if inferior 
to a — ) ; to celebrate a — over anybody or over 
a people, de alqo or ex alqd terra triumphare ; 
2, fig. victoria (= a victory), ex(s)ultatio, lae- 
titia, yaudium (-ioy). II. v.intr. 1, triumphare, 
triumph-urn aye re or habere, ovare (of a lesser 
triumph), over, de alqo ; 2, fig. ex(s)ultare, 
laetari ; over anyone, viucere alqm. trium- 
phal, adj. 1, = belonging to a Roman triumph, 
triumphal is ; — procession, triumphus; in a — , 
in trivmphn, per triumphum, triumphant; 2, 
fig. or triumphant, = victorious, victor; = 
in high spirits, yestiens, elatus, ex(s)nltans. 

triumvir, n. triumvir, triumvirate, n. 
triumviratus, -us. 

trivial, adj. by (con)lrihts, communis, levis, 
parvi moment'i; see Trifling. triviality, 
n. by adj. 
trochee, n. trochaeus. 
troop, I. n. catena, yrex; — s, globus, manns, 
copiae, milites, manus, -us, f., ala (of horse), cohors 
(= cohort). II. v.intr. convenire, coire, conjluerc. 
trooper, n. eques, -Ms, ra. ; see Cavalry, 
Horse. 

trope, n. verbum tra(ns)latum, verbi tra(ns)- 
latio, fropus (Quint.). 

trophy, n 1, tropacum; 2, fig. see Me- 
morial. 

tropical, adj. 1, — fig. tra(ns)latus ; 2, = 
belonging to the Tropics, by genit. of noun ; 
see Tropic; — heat, acstus, -us, ardentissimus. 
tropic, n. in astronomy, circultts, orbis, in. ; 
— of Cancer, circultts solstitialis; of Capricorn, 
circulus brumalis ; the — s, = very hot countries, 
regiones torridue. 

trot, I. v.tr. citato yrudu or perhaps tolu- 
tim ire (of a horse), citato equo vchi (of the 
rider). II. n. gradus, -us, citatus, gradus tolu- 
Wis. 



troth, n. fides ; to plight — , fidem alci date. 
troubadour, n. poeta amatorius (ns poet), 
ciharoedUB (as singer). 

trouble, I. v.tr. agitate ( = to set in motion, 
e.g. water, wind; hence of the mind, to tor- 
ment), exugitare ( = to drive from one place to 
another, neighbours, the State, also of the con- 
science), commovire (= to disturb), (cnn)turbare, 
perturbare ( = to confuse anyone, or anyone's 
mind) ; = to atllict, sol(l)iciturc, sol(l)icitum 
habere, so(I)licitudine or aeyritudiue ajlicerc, sol- 
(l)icitudiuein or aegritudinem aid afferrt, ulqm 
vexare, anyere, excruciate alcjs auimnm et sul(l)i- 
citare ; may I — you to hand me this book, des 
mihi, quacso, hunc librum; to — oneself about 
anything, alqd curare; not to — about anything, 
alqd neglegere ; to — anyone with entreaties, 
alqm precibus obtundere or fatigare. II. n. 1, 
= disturbance of mind, auimi motus, -Os, per- 
turbatio, so(l)licitudo (= painful anxiety), augoT 
( = anxiety, anguish); 2, = molestation, biter, 
molcstia, onus, -eris (= burden), incommodum 
(= inconvenience]), difficult^ (= difficulty) ; sec 
Annoyance; to give — to, molest ia m alci affcrre; 
see under l. ; 3, = pains, opera ; to take — over 
anything, alci rci operant dare; great — , omni- 
bus virions contendere ut ; with great — , aegre, 
vix ; without — , sine neyotio. troubler, n. 
turbator, or by verb, troublesome, adj. mo- 
lestus, 0ravu-( = givinggi'eattrouble),Hii't/m»io</HS, 
iniquus ( = inconvenient), durus( = hard), operc- 
sus, laboriosus (^ laborious), odiosus (of what, we 
hate), difficilis(o( what has its difficulties), comli. 
gravis et ineommodus, gravis et odiosus, laborio- 
sus moleslnsque, odiosus et molestus. 
trough, n. alvens. 
trousers, n. lrrac(c)ae. 
trowel, n. trulla (late, but trullissare, = to 
use a — , Yitr.). 

truant, adj. and n. by 5«! iudo lit(t)er(irum 
abest. 

truce, 11. indutiae. 

truck, n. 1, = barter, (pci>wta<io return; 
2, see Barrow. 

truckle, v.intr. morem alci gerire (— to 
please), alci assentire. 

trudge, v.intr. sec Walk. 
true, adv. verus ; sincervs, germanus (the 
two foregoing = genuine), comb, verus et since- 
rus, verax (— veracious), ji dus, fidflis (= faithful); 
in answers, — ! eerie ; see Yes ; as — as 1 live, 
I know, ita vicam, nt scio ; as — as 1 live, I 
don't know, nc vivam si scio. Adv. vere, sincere, 
profecto (- certainly), sane, certe, certe qnidem; 
see Really, trueborn, truebred, adj. (e.g. 
Englishman), verus et sincerus (e.g. Stoicus), ger- 
manus. truehearted, adj. fidllls, sim)>lex. 
trueheartedness, n. (animi) fidilitas, am- 
plicitas. truth, n. Veritas (as quality), vcrum 
(= what is — ) ; to speak — , vcrum, vera diccre ; 
strict — , summa Veritas; historical — , historiae 
fides (Ov.) ; according to — , ex re," in — , ivro, 
sine dtibio, profecto, plane, enimvero, or as two 
words, ciiim wo; see Indeed, Really, truth- 
ful, adj. renw, verax, vcridicus (rare). Adv. se6 
In truth above, truthfulness, n. ventas, 
veritatis studium or amor. 

trump, v.tr. and 11. where possible use word 
from dice (e.g. Venus, jactus, -us, ccnemts or 
basilicus); a — , = good fellow, optimus (homo). 
trump up, v.tr.Jlwjere; see Invent. 
trumpery, n. sec Trash, Trifle. 
trumpet, I. n. tula (straight), !>i<cuia, litu- 
11s. corilll (curved), classicum (usually = signal 
given bv coruu) ; the — sounds, classicum camt 
(canere also in pass., classicum oani fuoit, Caes., 



tru 



S54 



tur 



eo also bellicum, Wilre and cnni); to sound the 
— for retreat, rcceptui canert. II. v.tr. fig. = 
to prop' .de praise, bucinatorcm esse alcjs rei, 
alqd praedicare. trumpeter, n. tubicch, hue- 
inutor ; iig. bucinator. 

truncheon, n. scipio ; = cudgel, fustis, m. 

trundle, v.tr. volvere. 

trunk, n. 1, of a tree, tnincus, stirps ; 2, of 
the body, truncus (often corpus can be used) ; 3, 
= chest, area ; see Chest ; 4, of an elephant, 
nanus, -its (Cic), proboscis (Plin.). 

truss, n, = bandage, fascia; — of hay, 
fascis. 

trust, I. n. 1, = confidence, fidveia, fides, 
spes firma or bona; — in oneself, fidentia ; 2, 
anything — ed to anyone, quod alci manda- 
tum (in gen.), creditum or depositvm est; 3, = 
credit, i.e. to take on — , fide sua entire. II. 
v.intr. (conyidere, credere, alcifretvm esse alqo or 
alqd re (= to build on) ; not to — , alci diffidire. 
III. v.tr. alqd alci (con)cretlere, committere, com- 
mendare, ; to — yourself altogether to, se totiim 
alei committere, omnia consiiia alci credere. 
trustee, n. enstos, administrator, procurator; 
see Trusty, trustworthiness, n. constan- 
tia, fides; see under Trial, trustworthy, 
adj. certus, finnus, eonstans (opp. variits, mobilis), 
certus et eonstans, firmusct eonstans, fldvs,fidelis. 

tub, n. doliuiii, mulctra(= milk-pail), labrum 
(= vat). 

tube, n. tubus ; see Pipe. 

tuber, n. tuber, -iris, n. (= anything that pro- 
trudes, more esp. a bump, swelling), tubercle, 
n. (in anatomy), tuberculnm (Cels.). tuberous, 
adj. tuberosus. 

tuck, I. v.tr. to — up a garment, succingcre; 
the hair, comam in nodum t religare, capillos in 
vodum rcolligerc. II. n. see Fold. 

Tuesday, n. "dies Martis. 
tuff, n. tophus (tofus). 

tuft, n. e.g. a — of hair, crinis (or pi. crincs), 
of wool, flocm.s ; a — of grass, fasciculus (of 
flowers, also of flax) ; a — of feathers, crista (= — 
or plume on the head of a bird, comb of a cock, 
crest or plume of a helmet), tufted, adj. cris- 
tatvs. 

tug, I. v.tr. trahere. II. n. navis quae aliam 
narem trahit. 

tuition, n. see Instruction. 

tulip, n. *tulipa. 

tumble, I. v.intr. = to roll about, volutari 
(e.g. in Into), se volutarc; sec Pall. II. v.tr. 
omnia pcrturbare or miscerc. III. n. see Fall. 
tumbler, n. 1, = acrobat, petanrista, m. ; 2, 
= glass, poculum; 3, see Pigeon. 

tumid, adj. tumidus, infiatus, turgens, lu- 
mens; — words, ampidlac (Hor.). 

tumour, n. tumor, tuber, -cris, n. (= any 
swelling), struma (= scrofulous — ). 

tumult, n. 1, = great noise, Ivmultus, -us, 
tumnltuatio (rare), strepitns, -its; see Noise; 2, 
= excitement of the mass, seditio, motvs, -its, con- 
citatio(e.g. 2ilcbis contra patres), tumullus, -l1s(in 
the Roman sense, of any rising of a conquered 
tribe, e.g. of the slaves, the country people, the 
allies, etc., against the Romans themselves); see 
Rebellion, tumultuary, tumultuous, 
adj. tumultuosus, turbulcutus (= turbulent), 
comb, seditiosus et turbvlciitus (e.g. civis); see 
Disorderly, Noisy. Adv. tumultuose, turbu- 
lente. 

tumulus, n. tumulus. 
tun, ii. doiivm, c?</«t(= cask), as liquid mea 
pure use centum urnae; see Ton. 



tune, I. it. = a short air, cuntus, -us, carmen 
(= song), modi, nnmeri, moduli ; to be in — , con- 
centum servare; out of — , absonus. II. v.tr. a 
musical instrument, fides ila contendere nereis 
vt concenlum servare possint (Cic). tuneful, 
ndj. canorus, musicus; see Musical, tuner, n. 
by the verb, tuning, n. by the verb. 

tunic, n. tunica. 

tunnel, I. n. cuniculns. II. v.tr. cunicuhim. 
fit car. 

tunny, n. thynnus or thunnus (Plin.). 
turban, n. milra. 

turbid, adj. turbidvs (= disturbed, e.g 
aqua; well, scaturigo ; weather, sky, caelum). 
turbot, n. rhombus. 

turbulence, n. omnium rerum perturbatio, 
tumullus, -its; see Tumult, turbulent, adi. 

turbulentns. 

tureen, n. patina. 

turf, n. caespes, -itis, m. (= sward, sod), 
turgid, adj. tumidus ; see Tumid. 
turmoil, n. htrba ; see Tumult. 

turn, I. v.tr. to — a wheel, etc., (conytorqvere, 
circumagere (round, e.g. hand-mills), distorqvere 
(in different directions) ; to — anything round, 

in orbem torqvere or circumagere, t rolore (like a 
wheel); rertere (e.g. vavcm, currmn), convertcre 
(quite round, stating the terminus ad quern, hence 
with ad or in with accus.), rersare (lit. = to 
twirl about, fig. mentemad nmucm meditiam, etc.), 
ficctire (= to bend, lit. and fig.), circumverttre, 
intorquere (round towards one side, e.g. oculos 
ad alqd), retor<j?(ere(back, e.g. oculos ad <d<td); to 

— one's back, (con)rerti, se (con)vertere (lit. 
terga (con)rertcre = to take to flight, of soldiers), 
abire, decedere, disccdere (= to go away) ; to — 
the mind to, anim/um ad alqd advertere, or in 
one word alqd animadvertere ; to — the scale, 
by facire ut altera lanx deprimatur (lit. or fig.); 
to — a coat, vestem reficere; to — with a lathe, 
tornare; = to change, e.g. to — goods into 
money, vendere; see Sell, Transform, Change ; 
to — one's eyes upon, oculos con(j)icerc in 
alqd ; to — away, dimittere (= send away) ; 
sec Dismiss; to — out; see Expel; to' — 
over; see Transfer, Consider. II. v.intr. 
se (con)certirc, (con)verti ; to — from side to 
side, se I'ersare (of one who does not know what 
to do or to say) ; see Change, Become ; to 

— away, se avertere; to — back, redire, revcrti; 
to — in, cnbitum ire ; see Bed ; to — into ; see 
Chance, Become; to — off, defiectere, declinare 
de alqd re; to ■ — out ; see Become ; to — out 
well (of a thing), bene or belle evenire, bene or 
prospere radere, prospere procedure or succedere ; 
very well, alci res fanste, feliciter prospereqve 
evenire ; head — s round, by vertigine laborare ; 
of leaves, colorem mntari. III. n. 1, Totatio 
(of a wheel); see Turning; 2, see Winding; 
3, see Change; 4, of affairs, things take a 
good — , res in meliorcm station conversa est; 
things take a bad — , res male vcrtit, omnia in 
pejorcm partem verluntvr et mutuntur ; 5. it is 
your — , nunc twte sunt partes; 6, in a fig. 
sense, e.g. the — of thought; see Form, Cast, 
Shape, Manner ; 7, in writing, e.g. to give a 
guod shape, etc., sententiam apte conformare; 
to give a more elegant — , alqd clcgantius di- 
cere ; different — s, variaefigurae et verba, turn 
against, I. v.tr. alqm ah alqo al tenure. II. 
v.intr. at) alqo alienari. turn over, v.ti. 
see UrSET ; to — a book, librum erolvere ; to 

— a new leaf, mores cmendare. turncoat, 
n. qui de sentenlid decedil, qui scntentiam or 
consilium mutat. turner, n. qui alqd tornat. 
turning, n. 1, versatio (e.g. machinarum, 



till? 



835 



limb 



Vitr.), rotutio (Vitr.), circumactio (round, VitrA 
conversio, circumactus, -us, flams, -us(= bending), 
declinatio (= — aside, e.g. of tlie body) ; see De- 
viation ; 2, = the art of — , ars tomundi; 3, of 
a road, or Jiexus viae, or iter or via. turnkey, 
n. janitor or custos carceris. turnpike, n. 
tube ma ad viarum veetigal exigendum construct a, 
or perhaps taberna vectigalis. 

turnip, n. rapum. 

turpentine, n. resina terebinthlna (Cels.). 

turpitude, n. turpitudo; see Disgrace, 
Shame. 

turret, n. turricula. 

turtle, n. 1, — dove, turtur ; 2, a fish, tes- 
tudo (— tortoise). 

tush, interj. st ! 

tusk, n. dens. 

tutelage, n. tutlla; see Protection, tu- 
telary, adj. — god, of a place, dens praescs 
loci, deus qui loco praesidet, deus cujus tutelae or 
cujus in tuteld locus est ; of a family, penates, 
■ium, m. (= the private gods in each separate 
home ; there were also penates publici, as pro- 
tectors of the city, the temples, etc.), lares, 
-{i)um, in. (= the house or family gods of the 
Romans), tutor, n. 1, see Guardian ; 2, 
magister, pracceptor ; private — , praeceptor do- 
mesticus ; see Tea.cu. 

twang, I. .v.intr. e.g. bows, crepare, crepi- 
tare, sonars. II. n. crepitus, -iis, soma, sonitus, 
-us. 

tweak, v.tr. vellere, vellicare. 

tweezers, n. vohella. 

twelve, adj. duodceim, duodeni (= — each), 
— times, duodecie(n)s ; — hundred, mille et 
ducenti, milleni et duccni (= 1200 each, also 1200 
in one sum, hence always with nouns that are 
used only in the pi.), — hundred times, mil- 
lie(n)s et duccntie(n)s. twelfth, adj. duo- 
decimals; heir to the — part, hens ex uncia. 
twelvemonth, n. annus. 

twenty, adj. viyinti, viceni (— — each). 
twentieth, adj. vicesimus. 

twig, n. virga, surculus, ramulus. 

twilight, n. crepusculum ; in the — , crepus- 
culo, prima vespere. 

twin, n. and adj. geminus; — s, gemini. 

twine, I. v.tr. circumvolvcrc, flectcre, (in)tor- 
quere; see Twist. II. v.intr. implicari, im- 
plecli; to — round anything, alqd circumileeti, 
se circumvolvere alci rei (= to wind round, e.g. 
urbori, of a plant). III. n. linum ; see String. 

twinge, I. v.tr. urcrc; see Pinch. II. n. 
dolor, cruciatus, -us; sharp — s of pain, acres 
dolorum morsus ; — of conscience, dolor. 

twinkle,' v.intr. fcoruscare (of a flame, a 
flash of lightning, of the rays of light), micare 
(= to glitter, of amis, stars, etc.), fidgere (= to 
shine, to reflect rays of light, of arms, etc.), scin- 
tillare (— to sparkle, of the eyes, etc.). twink- 
ling, n. 1, fulgor (= brightness, e.g. armorum) ; 
2, in the — of an eye, temporis pnncto. 

twirl, v.tr. vcrsare; see Spin. 

twist, I. v.tr. (in)torquerc, obtorquere (in 
past part, obtorta gula, = twisted neck), (in\flrr- 
tire, nectere, texirc (= to form, put together, 
weave). II. v.intr. sc torquere, jlectire, torquiri, 
fleet i. 

twit, v.tr. anyone with anything, 'alqd alci 
ob(j)icere. 

twitch, v.intr. vellere, vellicare. 
two, adj. duo, bini (= — each) ; a period of — 
Cays, biduum ; a period of — years, bicnniiim; 



— -footed, ]bipes ; —fold, duplex; — -coloured, 
t bicolor ; — headed, biceps; — edged, bipennis ; 
— handed, duas manus habeas; — hundred, 
ducenti, duccni (- — hundred each), twice, 
adv. 6m; — as much, bis tamtam; - as great, 
tdtrro parte major. 

tyP6> n. 1, = model, exemplar, cxemplum, 
forma; 2, = symbol, flgura, signijicatin, 
imago (Eccl.); 3, = letters, lit(t)crarum foimar. 
typical, adj. typicus (Eccl.). typify, v.tr. 

alqd sensibus sub(j)icere, oculis or sub oculis 
(alcjs) sub(j)icerc; see Represent, typogra- 
phical, adj. e.g. — error, *mendum typoyra- 
phicum, erratum typographicum (not class.). 

tyrant, n. tyrannus (=a usurper; after- 
wards = a despot, anybody that is cruel, but in 
the latter sense always with an adj., such as 
crudelis, intolerandus, scwhs et violeutus, e.g. 
tyrannus sacvissimns et violcntissimus in suos, 
Cic), dominus (^sovereign ruler), comb, dominus 
et tyranuMs ; in gen. sense, = cruel person, homo 
crudelis (saevus, etc.). tyrannical, adj. lyran- 
nicus (of usurpers, despotic, e.g. laws, deeds, 
cruelty), c™?i7is(=crnel). Adv. tyrannice(=iu a 
despotic manner, e.g. statuere =to act as master, 
judge, etc. in alqm, Cic), crudeiiler (= cruelly). 
tyrannize, v.intr. to — over anyone, lyrannial 
crudclitate importune vexare alqm (of a people, a 
country, Just,), tyrannicc in alqm statuere; to 

— over a State, eivitatem serritute opirressatn 
tenere. tyranny, n. tyrannis, -idis,'t., or in 
pure Latin domtnatio or dominatus, -us, or domi- 
natus regius (of a usurper), dominatio crudelis 
or impotens or superba or crudelis svperbaque 
(implying a cruel government), crudelitas (= 
cruelty in gen.). 

tyro, n. see Tiro. 



u. 

ubiquity, n. omnipraescntia (Eccl.), or by 
qui (quae, (plod) omnibus locis praesens est. 
ubiquitous, adj. omnibus locis praesens. 

udder, n. ubrr, -cris, n. 

Ugly, adj. diformis (= disfigured), turpis, 
(— shameful), tiler (= nasty), ooscinus (= ob- 
scene), focdus (— abominable, horrible ; all both 
lit. and fig., of persons and things). Adv. di- 
formiter (e.g. sonare), turpitcr, teterrime, obscene, 
focde. ugliness, n. deforniitas, turpitudo (= 
moral — ), obscinitas faeditas. 

ulcer, n. ulcus; see Abscess, ulcerate, 
I. v.intr. suprnirare (Plin.). II. v.tr. vlcerare. 
ulcerous, adj. ulceroms (Tac). 

ulterior, adj. = further, ulterior : Bee 
FURTHER ; of places, objects, etc., quae cel(I)iquuc 
sunt, quae rcstant, or by alia, cetera. 

ultimate, ndj. extremus, ultima*: see Fur- 
thest, Last, Final. Adv. ad citremnm, ad 
ultimum, poslremo; sec Last, End. ultima 
turn, ii. perhaps extrima condicio. 

ultra, Latin, only in composition; to be 
— Tory, ultra modum optimutmm partes urn* 
pledi. 

ultramarine, n. color mcruleu* or cyaucus 
(Plin.). 

umbrage, n. 1, see Shade; 2, fig. to give 
— to, by alqs alqd argre or moleste ferl or portl- 
tur, in offeuslouem olrjs cttdere; to 1 ;iL>- — at, 
faslidire ulqil (= to 'disdain) ; see Offekcs, 
umbrageous, adj. sec Siiaov. 



utnb 



8m 



Unb 



umbrella, h. umbella (= parasol, Mart., 
Juv.), i umbraculum (Ov.). 

umpire, n. arbiter (= arbitrator); decision 
Of an — , arbitrium. 

un-, a prefix, its a particle of negation or of 
privation ; by die prolix in (e.g. ingrains), or by 
■non (when a thing cannot and dues not exist), 
or by sine with a noun in tlio ablat. 

unabashed, adj. 1, = t'mn, constans, firmus, 
interritus ; 2, — shameless, impudens. 

unabated, adj. integer (= whole). 

unable, adj. by circumloc. with non posse, 
neqnire. 

unaccented, adj. syllaba sine accentu ennn- 
tiatu. 

unacceptable, adj. ingratus. 

unaccompanied, adj. 1, solus, incomita- 
tus, sine comitalu; see Alone; 2, of the voice, 
sine symphonid (Plill.). 

Unaccomplished, adj. imjwrfeclus, inchoa- 
tus (= only commenced) ; to leave anything — , 
alqd inchoatnm or imperfeclum etc rude relinquire. 

unaccountable, adj. see Inextricable. 

unaccustomed, adj. insuetus (of persons 
and tilings), to anything, alcjs rei or ad alqd, in- 
solitus (of persons and of things, opp. solitus, 
e.g. labor, spectacvlum, verba), insolens (of per- 
sons, also = unusual, e.g. verbinn), to any- 
thing, alcjs rei or in alqd re (e.g. vera, audi- 
endi, and in dicendo), inexpertus, to anything, 
ad alqd. 

unacquainted, adj. with anything, alcjs rei 
ignarus ( — who does not understand how to do 
any particular thing), imperitus alcjsrei (= inex- 
perienced), inscius (= ignorant of anything), 
mdis (dejs rei or in alqd re. 

unadorned, adj. inornatvs (in gen.), in- 
comptus (e.g. caput; then = without rhetorical 
ornament, e.g. speech), simplex (e.g. crinis), 
parus (of style, language, in Cie. generally = 
free from foreign terms and constructions). 

unadulterated, adj. sinrfrus (= quite 
genuine), integer (— free from spurious mixtures, 
opp. vitiatus), comb, sincerity integerque, incor- 
ruplvj&(= incorrupt, pure, e.g. senr.:i,fde$). 

unadvisable, adj. inutilis (= useless), feme- 
rarius, inconsidtus(= rash), quod sine consilioft, 
gvod aid parvmprodest, unadvised, adj. in- 
consideratus, imprudens, temerarins, inconsultus. 
Adv. sine consilio, inconsiderate, impmdenter, 
temere, inconsulte. 

unaffected, adj. 1, = simple, simplex (e.g. 
cibus, also of words), candidus (=. clear, without 
hypocrisy, of words and of the speaker), inaffec- 
tatus (of an orator, jiicunditos alcjs, Quint.); — 
ease and grace (in speeches, etc.), genus dicendi 
eandidum, simplicitas (in manners) ; 2, = not 
moved, immotus, constons ; to remain — under, 
etc., non affici, or more strongly (com)muveri 
alqd re. Adv. simpliciter, sinefneo acfullaciis. 

unaffrighted, adj. interritus. 

unaided, adj. sine auxilio, nullius anxilio 
adjutus, non adjntus. 

unalienable, adj. qui (qvat, quod) alienari 
non potettL. 

unalleviated, adj. non mitigatus ; see Al- 
leviate. 

unallowable, adj. illieiliis. 

unalloyed, adj. purus (lit.), sinciirus (llg.). 

unaltered, adj. immutaliis, integer (as be- 
fore), or by won mittari. 

unambitious, adj. mo(fc*fi<.vir by circuuiloc. 
qui honores non petit- 



unamiable, adj. difficilis; see Ill-tEM> 

PER ED. 

unanimity, n. consensio, consensio sen- 

tentiarum, co ncord ia ; sen Agree, Concord. 
unanimous, adj. concors, unanimus. Adv. 
und voce, una mente ; to defend a person — , uno 
animn atijiie und voce edqm de/endere; — to de- 
mand battle, proelium posccre; communi senten- 
t id statue re cdqd ; ad nuum omnes decernunt, = 
they all to a man determine ; ennetis popidi 
suffragiis consvlem declarari, =to be appointed 
Consul — ; omnium in unum congrverunt scu- 
tentiac, = all were ol' one opinion ; omnibus sen- 
teniis absoloi, condemnari, = to be acquitted, to 
be condemned — . 

unanswerable, adj. qui (quae, quod) refelli 
non potest, unanswered, adj. to leave or 
remain — , by ad alqm non respondere (of any- 
thing said or written), ad alqd nan rescribere 
(with regard to something written). 

unappalled, adj. interritus. 

unappeased, adj. non satiatus. 

unapproachable, adj. of places, inviiis; 
of persons, ad quern aditus, -its, difficilis est. 

unarmed, adj. inermis, inermus (of things), 
nudus. 

unasked, adj. (sua) sponte, ultra. 

unassuming, adj. modest us ; sec Modest. 

unattainable, adj. quod atlingi non twtest. 

unattempted, adj. to leave nothing — , 
nihil inexpertwm omittcre, omnia experiri. 
unattended, adj. incomitatiis, sinecomitibus. 

unauthentic, adj. sine anctore editus (e.g. 
a tale, fabula), ab hand idoneis auctoribus vulga- 
tus (e.g. fabula), sine idlo satis certo anctore 
ullolus (e.g. minor), incerlus (e.g. minor). 

unauthorized, adj. ilticitus ; to be — to 
do a thing, faciendi alqd jus or potestatem non 
habere, jure alqd facire non posse. 

unavailable, adj. hand in medium 2yrolatus, 
inutilis (= useless). Unavailing, adj. irritus, 
vanus, fnt(t)ilis. 

unavenged, adj. inultus. 

unavoidable, adj. inevitabilis, better by 
quod evitari non potest, quod evitare or effiugire 
non possumus. 

unavowed, adj. see Secret. 

unaware, adj. inscius, nescius, ignarus. 

unaware, unawares, adv. inexpectatus, 
inopinatus (when we least think of it or expect 
lt),inopinans (= who does not suppose a thing to 
happen), necopinatus (= what we do not think 
even possible), necopinans(= who cannot suppose 
that such a thing would happen), improvisus (= 
unforeseen), comb, improvisus atque inopinatus, 
insperatus (of what we did not hope, unexpected), 
subitus (= sudden), repentinus (= sudden, what 
happens quickly and to our surprise), or by 
praeter ex(s)pectationem or opinionem, (ex) inopi- 
710(0, improviso, (ex) insperato. 

unawed, adj. interritus. 

unbaked, adj. mains (of biicks, Plin.), 
panis non bene cactus (of bread). 

unbar, v.tr. reserare. 

unbearable, adj. see Intolerable. 

unbeaten, adj. e.g. path, non tritus. 

unbecoming, adj. see Indecorous. 

unbefriended, adj. auxilio or amicis 
carens. 

unbeliever, n. qui non credit (alqd esse, 
etc.). unbelieving, adj. incredulus ; sea 



unb 



897 



unc 



above, unbelief, n. see Incredulity, Inki- 
celitv. 

unbeloved, adj. non amatus. 

unbend, v.tr. 1, a bow, arcuin t retendere, re- 
mitterc ; 2, the mind, animum remittcre, (re)- 
laxare. unbendable, adj. see Inflexible, 
Firm. 

unbewailed, adj. t infletus, t indefietus, 
t indeploratus. 

unbiassed, adj. simplex (= without preju- 
dice), liber (e.g. liber in consulendo), sulutus, and 
chiefly comb, liber etsolutus(= not bound by any- 
thing), integer (= free from partiality, e.g. judi- 
cium), comb, integer ur. liber (e.g. animus), im- 
jmvidvs (= fearless). 

unbidden, adj. invoeatiis ; an — guest 
(whom anyone brings), umbra (Hor.) ; see 
Spontaneous. 

unbind, v.tr. (dis)solvere, laxare (= to 
loosen). 

unblamable, adj. integer, sand us ; see 
Blameless. 

unbleached, adj. nondwm candidus. 

unblemished, adj. purus, integer, in(con)- 
taminatus (— not stained by having been in con- 
tact), innocens (= innocent), castus (= morally 
pure). 

, unbloody, adj. incruentus. 

unblushing, adj. 1, see Blush ; 2, see Im- 
pudent. 

unborn, adj. nondum natv.s. 

unborrowed, adj. see Original, Genuine. 

unbosom, v.tr. conJUeri alqd, se alci pate- 
fucere. 

unbought, adj. non emptus, \inemptus. 

unbound, adj. of hair, passus ; see also 
Loose. 

unbounded, adj. 1, in/lnitus ; 2, fig. — 
passion, see Immoderate. 

unbrace, v.tr. (re)htxare. 

unbred, adj. male mo rut us. 

unbribed, adj. incorruptus, integer (= im- 
partial). 

unbridled, adj. 1, of a horse, infrenalus, 
effrenatus, tinfrenis or infrenus, -feffrenus; 2, 
lig. effrenatus ; see Licentious. 

unbroken, adj. i/i/e<7er(= whole); of horses, 

indomitus. 

unbrotherly, adj. parum fralernus. 

Unbuckle, v.tr. diffibidare (Slat.), rcfibu- 
lare (Mart.), solvere (e.g. knapsack, sarcinas). 

Unburden, v.tr. exonerare (lit. and lig.), 
liberare, levarc, solvere alqd re. 

unburied, adj. inhumatus, insepultus. 

i unburnt, adj. crudus (of bricks ; Plin.). 

unbutton, v.tr. the coat, vestem discingere 
(= ungirdle) ; see also Undo. 

Uncalled, adj. inrocatus; — for, non peti- 
tun; see Unnecessary. 

uncancelled, adj. see Cancel. 

uncared, adj. — for, ueglectus. 

uncarpeted, adj. sine stragulo. 

uncaused, adj. sine cans[s)d. 

unceasing, adj. perpetuus, continuus, as- 
sidmts; see Incessant. 

unceremonious, adj. simplex (= natural), 
parum comis (=not polite), ugrestis, ruslicus, 
inurbanus (= rude) : — habits, etc., (mortiw) 
simplicitas. Adv. simpliciter, rusiice, inurbane: 

29 



uncertain, adj. incertiu (also = indefinite), 
dubius (= doubtful), anccps (= doubtful as re* 
gards the issue, e.g. of a war; but never in the 
sense of a battle, etc; sec Undecided), ambiguui 
(= ambiguous, not to be depended on, e.g. fides); 
to be — , incertum or dubium esse iiu ge.,., of 
persons and things), dubitare, varil'.trc. hat 
haesitarc, animi or animo pendht, susjiensum 
eae (— to hesitate), incertum aid esse, in incerto 
habere (in gen. of persons 1 , dubiUUione aestuare 
(= to be hesitating what to do), in inetrto or in 
dubio esse (in gen. of things), non satis constare (= 
not to be (piite certain yet, of things); all these 
verbs generally with an interrogative, such as 
quid and utrum .... on ; — what, to do, in- 
eertus quid faeeret; to make anything — , alqd 
ad or in incertum revocare, alqd in dubium (/>•)- 
VOCare ; to leave anything — , alqd in medio or 
in incerto or in dub io rtl inquire ; to walk with 
— steps, titubare; see Stagger. Adv. incerle, 
incerto, temere (= rashly), uncertainty, n. 
see Uncertain. 

unchain, v.tr. e vi)iculis eximere, vincida 
solvere; see Loosen. 

unchangeable, adj. stabilis, constant ; see 
Immutable. Adv. stabiliter, constanter. un- 
Changeableness, n. stabilitas, constantia ; 
see Immutability, unchanged, adj. imiuu- 
tatus, integer. 

uncharitable, adj. durus (in gen. = hard- 
hearted), inlinmauns, humanitatis open (= un- 
kind, harsh). Adv. inhumane, inhumuniter. 
uncharitablencss, n. animus durus, in- 
genium inhumanum, inhumanitas. 

unchaste, adj. impurus (= impure), incest us 
(with regard to religion and moral purity), impu- 
dieus (— having no shame, indecent', libidinosus 
(— sensual, of persons and things, e.g. amor), 
parum vericundus ( = indiscreet, in. proper), t>h- 
sccnus (— obscene, foul); — love, amor libidi- 
nosus, libidi nes. unchastity, n. impuritas, 
impudicitia, libido. 

unchecked, adj. liber. 

unchristian, adj. contra legem Christi- 
unam. 

uncivil, adj. see Impolite, unoivility, 
n. see Impoliteness, uncivilized, adj. rudis, 
ferus (= wild),'6ar{«iri/s(= foreign, and so rude), 
agrestis (= uncultivated), incidlus (= without 
culture), ineruditus (= uneducated, untaught), 
indoctus (— without literary education). 

unclasp, v.tr. rc/ibidare (Mart.) ; see 
Loosen. 

uncle, n. patruut (— a father's brother), 
avunculus ( — a mothers brother); great — , 
pat) uus or avunculus magnus. 

unclean, adj. 1, see Dirty ; 2, see Un- 
chaste, Foul. 

unclouded, adj. serenus (lit. aud fig.). 

uncoil, v.tr. evolvere. 

uncoined, adj. infectus. 

uncoloured, adj. 1, lit. purus; 2, fig. sine 
fuco acfalaeiis, 

uncombed, adj. jimpexvs, horridus, in- 
com(p)tus. 

uncomfortable, adj. nwlestus, incommo- 
dus; see Uneasy. Adv. incommode, uncom- 
fortablcness, n. molestia. 

uncommanded, adj. injussus, injussuakjs, 
ullro, sponte {sua) (= of one's free will). 

uncommissioned, adj. 1, see Unco* 
manded ; 2, an — officer, succenturio or o»tio. 



uno 



898 



und 



uncommon, adj. varus, tnsotitus, iiMsitatus 

(=rare), singuldris, inTnfs, iTtai<dT?i<s(= extraor- 
dinary) ; see Rare, Excellent, Extraordi- 
nary! Adv. raro, singnldriter, mire ; see 
Seldom. 

uncommunicative, adj. tectits; see Re- 
served. 

uncomplaining, adj. pattens. 

uncompleted, adj. imperfectus. 

uncompounded, adj. simpler. 

unconcerned, adj. securus, at, about, for 
anything, de alqd re or pro alqd re (e.g. de bello, 
hello, pro salute), ncglegens alejs rei (e.g. legis, 
amicorum) ; to be — , securum esse.; to be — 
about, neglcgere with accus. or by bono esse 
v.nimo ; see Indifferent. 

unconditional, adj. simplex, absolutus (= 
independent of anything else), mostly comb. 
(implex ct absolutus, purus (= without any excep- 
tion, e.g. judicium, Cic). Adv. simplieiter, 
absolute (= without any limitation, Jet). 

uncongenial, adj. see Unpleasant. 

unconnected, adj. 1, lit. see Separate ; 2, 
in speaking, dissohitus, inconditus. 

unconquerable, adj. see Invincible, un- 
conquered, adj. invictus. 

unconscionable, adj. see Unreasonable. 
unconscious, adj. 1, = insensible (omni) 
sensu earens ; 2, = ignorant, inscius, igndrus ; 
I am not — of it, -non sum inscius, non me.fvgit, 
iwn, me praeterit, nnn ignoro. unconscious- 
ness, n. 1, by circumloc. with sensu carere; 
2, by adj. 

unconscorated, adj. non consecratvs (opp. 
mcratus), 2>rofdnus (opp. sacer). 

unconsidered, adj. neglcctus, e.g. to leave 
nothing — , oinnia diligentcr circumspiccre. 

unconstitutional, adj. non legitimus, quod 
contra legem fit. 

unconstrained, adj. Itber. 

uncontaminated, adj. in(con)taminotus. 

uncontested, adj. quod sine certamineflt ; 
an — election, comitia quibus alqs nullo competi- 
tore deligitur. 

uncontrollable, adj. impotens (of persona 
and things), effrenalus (= unbridled) ; see Vio- 
lent, uncontrolled, adj. B6er(=free); — 
sovereignty, dominalus, -its. 

unconverted, adj. nondum ad legem Chris- 
tianam adductus. 

unconvinced, adj. non adductus ad creden- 
dum. 

Uncooked, adj. e.rudus, incoetus. 

uncork, v.tr. relinert (Plaut. and Ter. = to 
take the pitch off with which ajar was sealed), 
or perhaps obtnromentum cxtrahere. 

uncorrupt, adj. incorruptus (lit. and fig.). 

uncourteous, adj. see Rude. 

uncouth, adj. of expression, insolitvs, 
insolens; of manners, incultvs (= inelegant, opp. 
cidtiis, e.g. homo, mores), incultvs m»ribus (of 
persons), immdnis (— savage), agrestis, msticus 
}= rude), uncouthness, n. immdnitos, in- 
humanitas ; see Kindness. 

uncover, v.tr. detegere, retegere, aperire fall 
also fig. of secrets, crimes, etc.), wudare (lit.= to 
strip off clothes ; fig. to lay open) ; to — the 
head, caput aperire or adaperire, 

unction.n. v.ncfio,- extreme — ,unetio extrema 
(Eccl.) ; to speak with — , perhaps speciose or 
speciosus diccre. unctuous, adj. pinguis ; of 
speech. Derhaps speciosus. 



uncultivated, adj. of soil, hicultus (opp, 
cultus or eansitus), vastus (ab naturd et humane) 
eultu = quite barren, e.g. mountain, Sail.); fig. 
indoctus, rudis, agrestis. 

uncurbed, adj. see Unrridled. 

uncut, adj. t immissus (= suffered to grow, of 
trees, opp. ennputatus), intonsus (=nnshon} of the 
hair, then also of trees), integer (= from which 
nothing has been taken, whole). 

undamaged, adj. inriolatus (= inviolate), 
integer (= still entire, whole). 
undaunted, adj. intrepidus; see Intrepid. 
undecayed, adj. incorruptus. 

undeceive, v.tr. errorem, aid cxtrahere, 
eripere, extorquere. 

undecided, adj. nondum dijudicatus (=not 
yet settled in court, e.g. lis), integer (= still un- 
settled, of a thing), dubius (= doubtful, both of 
the mind and of events), incertvs (both of per- 
sons and things), ambiguus, aneeps(== doubtful as 
regards the result, e.g. belli fortuna, in dnbio 
esse, of things) ; I am — what to do, dubius or 
incertus sum quid facia m ; I am — whether, etc., 
incertus sum, utrum, etc. ; the lawsuit is still — , 
adhuc de. ed re apud judicem lis est ; hla fate is 
still — , non habet exploratam rationeui salutis 
suae. 

undecked, adj. (= unadorned) inornatus. 

undefended, adj. indefensus (of a city, 
also in Tae. of a lawsuit), nudus (= exposed 
to attack). 

undcSled, adj. see Unblemished. 

undefined, adj. infinitus. 

undeniable, adj. cvidens (opp. dubius). 
Adv. certe, ccrto, sine dubio. 
under, prep, expressing rest : 1, standing 

— anyplace, st«o(with ablat., e.g. sub terra, sub 
arbore ; with aecus. it expresses the direction 
toward the lower part of anything; hence wo 
use, with several verbs of motion, sub with 
accus., e.g. sub ipsos muros aciem instruere, = 
to draw up the army in order of battle — 
the very walls), suhtcr with ablat. and actus., 
infra with accus. (of the direction of anything 
below towards the lower part of anything above 
the former, beneath, e.g. infra lunam nihil nisi 
mortale), in with ablat. (e.g. — the shade, in 
vmbrd); to have a thing — the coat, alqd veste 
tectem tenlre; 2, expressing dependence, etc., 
sub with ablat. (in gen.), cum (= — the superin- 
tendence and in company of, etc.) ; — Hannibal, 
sub Hannibalc; — the leadership of Hannibal, 
ablat. abs. Hannibalc ma gistro ; 3, expressing a 
lower measure and rank, as regards rank and 
merit, infra, to be — , below anyone, infra 
alqin esse, inferiorem esse alqo, alci ccdere ; in 
anything, alqd re ab alqo rinci ; see Below; 
as regards the quality and quantity, minor 
with ablat. (= less, younger than, etc.) ; — 
seven years old, minor septcm annis, nondum. 
septan annos natus, septimum annum nondum 
egressus ; not to sell, etc. — (the price), 
minori pretio alqd non venders; 4, in deter- 
mining the manner in which auything is 
done, sub with ablat., per with accus. (— by 
means of); 5, expressing simultaneity, e.g. — 
the reign of Romuius, regnante Lomulo, sub 
r.omulo'; — this condition, cd condicionc ; — 
these circumstances, quae cum ito, sint ; — the 
cloak of, alejs rei specie; — sail, passis velis; to 
be — anyone's eyes, sub alejs oeulis esse ; to be 

— age, impubem esse, liaudsui juris esse. " Under" 
in such phrases is often to be rendered by in- 
ferior with special ncun, e.g. —-servant, use 
famulus inferior, under-current, n. 1, of 



und 



S99 



uiid 



water, ftioncn, etc., subterfluetis, or tub terrd 
flitens; 2, tig., by circumloc. (e.g. there was on 
— of feeling in his words, hacc obscurd quddcm 
significations indicavit). under-garment, n. 

tunica {inferior), subucula (of a man). 

underdone, adj. semicoctus (Plin.). 

undergo, v.tr. alqd suhire, susHnSre (=to 
carry anything as n burden, to attend to a 
thing) ; = to pass through, pati, pcrpcti (to the 
end), (per)ferre (— to — to the end), tolerare, per- 
fungi alqd re (— to go through it) ; to — punish- 
nent, poenas dare or pendere. 

underground, adj. see Subterraneous. 

undergrowth, n. virgulta, •orum ; see 
Underwood. 

underhand, adj. clandestinus ; see Se- 
cret. 

underlay, v.tr. supponere, snb(j)iccre, sub- 
dere, substernere (all four with diet, rci or suh 
alqd). underlayer, n. 1, qui sub(j)icit, etc. ; 
2, = something laid under, fundamentum. 

underlet, v.tr. minore pretio locare alqd. 

underlie, v.tr. e.g. the suggestion — s the 
speech, Uaec per orationem tacite significantur. 
' underline, v.tr. lineam ducere subter alqd. 

underling, n. (ad)minister, satelles, -itis, 
in. 

undermaster, n. hypodidascalus. 

undermine, v.tr. 1, (cunkulo or cunknlis) 
subruere (e.g. a wall, a rampart), suffodcre (e.g. a 
mountain, a wall, a town) ; 2, tig. subruere(= to 
ruin, e.g. libertatem), evert-cre (= to overthrow, 
e.g. rcmpublicam, fundamenta reipublieae), lobe- 
factare (—to cause to fall, e.g. rcmpublicam, 
amicitiavi). 

undermost, adj. injimus (— the lowest), 
Imus (— the deepest) ; see Low. 

underneath, I. adv. subter, infra ; see Be- 
neath. II. prep, see Under. 

under-ofiicer, n. perhaps optio, succen- 
turio. 

underpart, n. pars inferior (= lower part), 
(partes) secundae (lit. and tig.). 

underpin, v.tr. alqd substrucre (e.g. saxo 
quadrato); see Support. 

underrate, v.tr. minoris aestimare; see 
Lower. 

undersell, v.tr. minoris (quam ceteri) ven- 
dire. 

undersigned, adj. the — , qui nomen sub- 
scripsit. 

understand, v.tr. =to comprehend (with 

the ear or with the intellect); 1, with the ear, 
accipere ; 2, with the intellect, accipere (— to 
receive in the mind), intellegere (— to form an 
idea of anything, hence to comprehend, more 
particularly intellegere alqm, i.e. his charac- 
ter, his motives, opp. alqm ignorare); compre- 
. henderc or amplecti or complecti, all with or 
without mente (— to form an idea of), percipen 
(= to perceive with the understanding), prr- 
spicere (clearly), alqd cerium or exphratum habere 
(=to — thoroughly); I don't — - you, ncscio 
quid velis ; how am I to — that? quid line sibi 
vidt ? heme, to — by it, i.e. to put a construc- 
tion on, etc., intellegere or intellegl veils (both 
with double accus.), din-re, vocare, appeVare (all 
with double accus.); = I mean this, din re with 
double accus., interprctari with accus., signifi- 
care with accus. ; see Mean ; = to have ac- 
quired knowledge in anything, alqd intellegere 
(of an accurate knowledge, e.g. mvllas linguas), 
scire alqd or with infiu. (=.to have a clear idea of 



anything, and to remember it, e.g. mnltas lin- 
gua*), Instruclwn csfc alqd re(= bo be versed in 
anything), alcjs n I rum ihndrum eae(= not to be 
unacquainted with anything), perUum esse alcjs 
rei (= experienced, Bkillcd in); to — anything 
tolerably, mediocrlter adeptum esse alqd 
singularum return singula, Cic); not to — ,alqd 
ncscire or ignorare, alcjs rei ignafum eve ; to — 
Latin, l.atine scire, doctum esse Lalinis lii(t)eris, 
Latinae linguae perxtum esse ; not to — Latfn, 
l.atine ncscire; to — riding on horseback, equi- 
tandi peritum esse, understanding, n. mens; 
see Intellect. 

undertake, v.tr. inci]>crc (= to begin), 
subirc, aggredi alqd or ad alqd (= to get to it), 
sumerc, suscipere (= to take a business into 
one's own hands), (in se) recipire (if we take it 
oil' anyone's hands), ■moliri (= to try to accom- 
plish anything difficult, also with iniin.), conari 
(if very laborious, gen. with infin.), andere (at 
one's own risk, peril, gen. with intin.) ; to — a 
journey, iter incipere or aggredi or inire (on 
business), it erfacire (in gen.); to — to make, etc., 
anything, alqd faciendum ennducire; to — to 
do (i.e. to pledge oneself), se facturum ease alqd 
promoters, undertaker, n. 1, in gen. by 
verbs; 2, of funerals, liliithwrius : designator 
(who arranged the procession. Sen.); to be an 
— , libitinam exercere (Val. Max.). under- 
taking, n. inceptio, inceptum, conatus, -its, in., 
conala, -orum, n. , ojms, -iris, n., /acinus, -oris, 
n. (= a crime). 

undervalue, v.tr. parvum or parvi ducere, 
parci acstimars, contcmuire, de s p io trt (= to de- 
sjiisu), ccimb. contemners (or despicere) et pro 
nihilo ducere, rile habere (= to consider as 
trilling). 

underwood, n. virgulta, -orum, arbusla, 
■orum, silva caedua. 

underwriter, n. qui card de or pro alqd 
re. 

undeserved, adj. immeritus (of what wo 
have not deserved, e.g. praise), indignus (= un- 
worthy), fcdsus(= false, unfounded, e.g. inridia). 
Adv. immcrito. undeserving, adj. immerens ; 
see Unworthy. 

undesigned, adj. fortuitus; see Acci- 
dental. - Adv. fortuito, casu, imprudenter. un- 
designing, adj. simplex, candidus. 

undesirable, adj. by vilis (= poor) ; see 
Worthless, undesired, adj. ultro obtains 
( = freely offered), or by adv. ultro. 

undetected, adj. secretin ; see Secret. 

undeveloped, adj. immaturus, nondum 

adultus. 

undigested, adj. 1, of food, crudus ; 2, of 
plans, etc., imperfectus. 

undiminished, adj. integer; see Whole. 

undiscerning, adj. hebes; see Stupid. 

undisciplined, adj. inextrdtatus, rudis, 

tiro (in alqd re), comb, tiro ac rudis. 

undisguised, adj. sinctrvs. Adv. sincere. 

undisturbed, adj. oUonu (=at leisure), 
liber (nb) arbitris. (= lie' from ear or eye wit- 
nesses, spies, e.g. locus) ; to live in — peace, in 
olio ct pact Divert; to leave anyone — -, ab/m rum 
vexare,alqm nan intcrpcllare (= not to interrupt 
anyone in Ins work, etc.); they allowed him to 
pass through their territory—, cum bona jvre 
,,,/,,> jh c ftm - sups transmiserunt. 

undivided, adj. Indi visits (e.g. \ingulaequi), 
communis (= Iii common). Adv. j.ro indiviso 
(ante and post class. ; e.g. possidcrealqd). 



und 



900 



tinf 



Undo, v.tr. 1, to — a knot, etc., (dis)solvtre, re- 
solrere, expedite; 2, see Ruin, undone, adj. 
infectns ; to consider as — , ]>ro infecto halsre; 
what is done cannot lie — /factum infeclum fieri 
own potest ; = ruined, perdilvs (e.g. peraitus 
sum, 2>erii, = I am — ). 

undoubted, adj. iion dubius, indubitatus 
(= not doubted, post Aug.), certus. Adv hand 
dubie, sine diibio. 

undress, I. v.tr. to ■ — anyone, txuire alqm 
teste (in gen.), detrahere alci vestem (= to take 
off), nvdare (= to strip anyone), alqm vcste or 
vestibus spoliare (= to rob). II. v.intr. exu&re 
(vestem), (de)ponere vestem; a room for — ing, 
apodytirium (esp. in baths). III. n. vestis noc- 
tnrna (= night-dress), vestis domeslicu (— house- 
dress, house-coat, in gen.), undressed, adj. 
1, non vestitvs, nudus (both = quite naked, and 
without a coat or dress on) ; 2, of bricks, etc., 
crudv.s ; of food, non coctus. 

undue, t indebitvs, immodicus (= immoder- 
ate). Adv. nimis, nimium ; see Due, Right, 
Proper. 

undulate, v.intr. tundare (=to rise in 
waves, in gen., also of boiling water); see Wave. 
undulating, adj. iindatus (Plin. of marks on 
shells). 

undutiful, adj. impivs (erga alqm); see 
Disobedient. 

unearthly, adj. non mortalis ; of spirits, 
perhaps caelestis. 

uneasy, adj. auxins, so(l)licitus ; to be, feel 
— (in one's mind), artgi (for fear of some acci- 
dent or misfortune), so(l)licitum esse (=to be 
troubled), dubitatione acstuare (= to he in great 
uncertainty what to do, Cic). uneasiness, 
n. (animi) pcrturbatio ; to feel — , perturbari, 
commorcri, permoveri. Adv. anxie (rare), melestc, 
aegre (e.g. alqdferre). 

unedifying, adj. ffigidns, insulsus (of a 
discourse, etc.), in worse sense, turpis ; see 
Shameful. 

uneducated, adj. indoctus, inerudUus 
unembarrassed, adj. liber; see Free. 

unemployed, adj. negotiis vacuus (in gen. 
= free from business), otiosvs (of one who has 
leisure to follow his own inclinations, both of 
persons and things), nullis occ-ujxitionibus im- 
plicatus (= not engaged in any particular busi- 
ness), munerum publicorum expers (= not holding 
a public office), ab omni mtincre solvtvs ac liber 
(of one who holds no office of any kind). 

unencumbered, adj. liber. 

uneiif'^wed, adj. inddtatus. 

unenlightened, adj. humanitatis cxjvrs, 
■indoctus. 

unenterprising, adj. iners, socors, piger. 

unenviable, adj. miser, tristis ; see Piti- 
ful. 

unequal, adj. inaequalis (of the inward 
state of anything), impar (= uneven ; then, not 
equal in strength, attainments, etc.), dispar 
(= void of equality, not quite equal, both out- 
wardly and inwardly), dissimilis (=• dissimilar, as 
to quality, etc.), dlversus (= wholly different, in 
kind and manner), dissonus (of sounds), iniqnvs 
(of a battle, etc.). Adv. inaeqvaliter, imparitcr, 
inique. unequalled, adj. maws. 

unerring, adj. certus. 

unessential, adj. ad rem ipsam or ad rei 
naturam non pertinens, quod ad rem non perti- 
net, a re alienus, adventicius. 

uneven, adj. non aequus, inlquus, inacqua- 



bilis, inaequalis, asper {= rough, opp. levis); nn 

— number, nvmerus impar, uncvenness, n. 
iniqnitas, asperitas ; — of temper, inconstantia 
mntubilitasque mentis. 

unexamined, adj. inexploratus. 

unexampled, adj. fmicns, singiduris, v.ovits 

(of what has not been heard or seen before), in* 
auditus. 

unexceptionable, ndj. e.g. — witness. 
testis locuples or probvs; — testimony, testi- 
monium firmvm or cerium. 

unexecuted, adj. non perfedns, imperfec- 
tus ; to leave --. omittere (e.g. :i plan, consilium*;. 

unexercised, adj inen-Mtatxis. 

unexhausted, adj. l, = untired, t in- 
defessvs, integer; 2, = nut used up, integer, 

solidus. 

unexpected, adj. in(ex)spectatus, inopina- 
tus, necopinatvZ 'mprovisus. Adv. (ex) improviso, 

contra ex(s)pectaiionem. 

unexplored, adj. inexploratus. 

unextinguishablc, adj. finexstinelus. 

unfading, adj. e.g. — laurels, gloria immor- • 
talis. 

unfailing, adj. perpetuus (= perpetual), cer- 
tus {= sure). 

unfair, adj. inlquus (of persons and things, 
opp. aequus, e.g. judge, law, condition), injvstus, 
(= unjust, of persons and things, opp. Justus, 
meritus, debitns, e.g. interest on money), immeri- 
t«s(=not deserved, chiefly with, a negative before 
it, e.g. laudes hand ivvmeritae) ; it is — ,iniqitum 
or injustum est, with aecus. and infill. ; to make 

— demands, iniqua jmtulare; to be — towards 
anyone, initjunm esse in alqm. Adv. iniquc, 
injnste. unfairness, n. iniquitas (in conduct ; 
also in the pi.), iniqite or injnste factum (of any 
act). 

unfaithful, adj. infidelis (opp. fidelis), in- 
Jldus (=not to be depended upon, trusted, opp. 
fidus), perfidlts, perfidiosus (the latter of one 
whose nature it is to be — ); to be — , fid em 
fallirc. Adv. infideliter. unfaithfulness, 
n. infidelitas, perfidia, 

unfamiliar, adj. novus, inusitatus; see 
Strange. 

unfashionable, adj. qui (quae, quod) contra 
consuetudinem fit. 
unfasten, v.tr. (re)solvere (= to untie), (re)- 

laxare (— to loosen), arcllerc, revellere (= to tear 
off), reflgere (of what is nailed fast). 

unfathomable, adj. immensus, infinitiis. 

unfavourable, adj. = averse, inlquus, to 
anyone, alci or in alqm (= hostile), malignus (= 
jealous, opp. benigniis), adversus (= contrary), 
uversus (= turned away), alienus, iiuypportuwus 
(= not suitable), of omens, infaustus, funestus, 
sinisier(used both of lucky and unlucky omens ; 
see Andrew's Lat. Diet., Sinister) ; — circum- 
stances, conditions, res adversae, tempera iniqua. 
Adv. intone, maligne, male, inopportune, un- 
favourableness, n. iniquitas (e.g. temporum), 
inopportunitas, or by adj. 

unfeathered, adj. implumis. 

unfeeling, adj. sensHs expers, a sensu or a 
sensibus alicnatus, nihil scntiens (lit.), durus, 
ferns, ferreus, comb, saxeus ferreusque, inlmma- 
7ii(3 (fig.) ; to be — , sensu carere, nihil sentire, nvl- 
Uus rei sensu movcrl, a sensu abesse or alicnatum 
esse (lit.), durum, ferreum, inhumanvm esse, in- 
humano esse ingenio (fig.). Adv. dure, duriter, 
inhumane, inhumaniter, crudeliter. 



unf 



901 



uni 



unfeigned, adj. varus (opp. simidatus), sin- 
cents (opp. fucatus), sini2>lex. Adv. verc, sincere, 
simplieiter, ex ciniiiiu. 

unfeminine, adj. t mascuhts. 

unfermented, adj. sine fcrmento (/actus). 

unnlial, adj. impius (erga parentcs). Adv. 
impie (erga parentcs). 

unfit, I. adj. inutilis alci rci or (generally) 
ad alqd ; see Unsuitable. II. v.tr. inutilem 
reddere. unfitness, n. inutiiitas. unfit- 
ting, adj. see In proper. 

unfix, v.tr. refigere; see Unfasten, un- 
, fixed, adj. mobilis. 

unfledged, adj. imphimis. 

unfold, v.tr. explicare (lit, and fig.), apc- 
rire (= to open; also fig.), explanare (tig., in 
words). 

unforeseen, adj. improvisus. 

unforgiving, adj. implacabilis, inexorabilis; 
see Implacable. 

unforgotten, adj. by circumloe. (e.g. of an 
act of kindness) immortali memorid retincrebene- 
ficium perception; what you have done for me 
will be — , meam tuorum erga me meritorum me- 
moriam nidla umquam delebit oblivio. 

unformed, adj. in/ormis(= without shape), 
nouduin perfectus (= not finished), of character, 
perhaps itdliuc puerilis. 

unfortified, adj. immunitus. 

unfortunate, adj. see Unlucky. 

unfounded, adj. vanus, fictm. 

unfrequented, adj. minus r.chber, incelebcr, 
desertus. 

unfriendly, adj. inimlcus, iniquus, alienus, 
towards anyone, ab alqo ; to have — feelings 
towards anyone, alieno animo esse ab alqo ci- 
te alqm. unfriendliness, n. inimicitia, 

simultas. 

unfruitful, adj. infecundus, stcrilis (opp. 
fertilis and, as regards the sod, opimus) ; see 
Barren. unfruJtfulness, n. stcrilitas. 

unfulfilled, adj. irritus, vanus, fallax; to 
remain — , exitum or event um non habere, non 
ivenire; to leave no duty — , nullum ducis ojjici- 
um remittere. 

unfurl, v.tr. to — the sails, vela pandere. 

unfurnished, adj. ab alqd re iinparatus; 
an — house, domus nuda atque inanis. 

ungainly, adj. inhabilis; see Uncouth. 

ungenerous, adj. illiberal is ; — act, illibe- 
ralitas. Adv. ilUbcralilcr. 

ungenial, adj. tristis, aspcr. 

ungenteel, adj. ignobilis. ungentle, adj. 
asper (= rough, e.g. verba), ungentleman- 
like, ungentlemanly. adj. incultus, inde- 
corus(e.g. laughter; ; see Indecorous. 

ungird, v.tr. duscingere, t recingere. 

ungodly, adj. see Impious, Impiety. 

ungovernable, adj. qui regi non potest 
(lit, and tig.), indomitus (= untamed, of living 
beings and of things), effrenatus (- unbridled, of 
persons and things), firoxfpt temper, of persons 
and of anything showing such a disposition), 
impotens (of persons and things), comb, ferae 
impotensque. Adv. effrenate, impotenter. un- 
governed, adj. see Unbridled. 

ungraceful, adj. invenustus ; see Inele- 
gant, ungracefulness, n. by the adjs. 
ungracious, adj. iniquus, pelidans, iratus 
(— angry). Adv. inique, iniquo animo, pctulan- 
W; irate- 



ungrateful, adj. ingratus (of an — spirit, 
and ot what in a thankless task), beneficii, bene* 
jiciorum immemor. 

ungrounded, adj. vanus, irritus, inanis. 

ungrudging, adj. see Liberal. 

unguarded, adj. 1, incustoditus, sine cus- 
todiis(— not guarded by anyone), indefensus; 2, 
= imprudent, incaulus, imprudens. Adv. in, 
cautc, imprudenter, teniae (= rashly) ; sec Impru- 
dent. 

unguent, n. unguenlum. 

unhallowed, adj. pro/anus; see also Sacri- 
legious. 

unhappy, adj. infelix, infortunatus, r.iiscr 
(— miserable), non prosper (= not prosperous, of 
things), t inj'austus (— ill-fated, e.g. day, omen, 
etc.), also comb, in/austus ct infelix, cala„iitosus 
(e.g. war, conflagration), fimestua (= mournful, 
causing mischief, e.g. war, omen), sinister (lit. = 
on the left-hand side, opp. dexter), adversus(= not 
as we wish it, e.g. battle, circumstances, result 
of an undertaking, opp. secundus), mains (= in a 
bad condition, opp. bonus), ealamitosus, aerumno- 
sus(= full of calamity) ; — position, res adversary 
fortunac afflielae. Adv. in/eliciter, misere, male, 
calamilose (rare), unhappiness, n. miteria ; 
sec Misery. 

unharmed, adj. inviolatus, salvus (=safe). 

unharness, v.tr. disjungere, solvere. 

unhatched, adj. nondum (ex ovo) cxelusus. < 

unhealthy, adj. 1, = disposed to illness, 
valetudine ajfectus, ad aegrotandum proclivis, in- 
Jinnd valetudine, infirmus, invalidus, aeger, im- 
bccillus; see_ V/eak, III; 2, see Unwholesome. 
unhealthiness, n. mala, injirma, tenuis, 
aegra or incommoda, valetudo ; see also Un- 

WIIOLESOMENESS. 

unheard, adj. inuuditus; to punish, to con- 
demn anyone — , alqm inauditum punire, dam- 
nitre; — of, inauditus, novus. 

unheated, adj. non cal(e)factus. 

unheeded, adj. neglectus. 

unheroic, adj. ignavus; see Cowardly. 

unhesitating, adj. strenuus, confident ; see 
Prompt. Adv. strenue, confidenter. 
unhewn, adj. rudis. 

unhindered, adj. non impeditus, liber 
(=z free, without constraint), sine mord. 

unhinge, v.tr. 1, to — a door, postes cardine 
femavere; see Unfix; 2, fig. with the mind 

— d, mode cuptus. 

unhistorical, adj. cvntra historiae fidem 
script us, commenticius, /ictus. 

unholy, adj. (man, place) profanus (opp. 
sacer); see Impious. 

unhonoured, adj. inhonoratns. 
unhook, v.tr. refigere (from a wall), rcfibu,- 
lare (Mart, = to unbuckle). 
unhoped for, adj. inspiratus. 

unhurt, adj. integer, incolumis, salvus, t'n- 
taet us (— untouched), comb, integer intactusque, 
inviolatus (= not hurt), comb, integer atque in- 
violatus, intaclus inviolatusque, invulneratus, 
incorruptus (where nothing is spoiled or de- 
stroyed). 

unicorn, n. monociros, -otis (Plin.). 

uniform, I. adj. unius generis, semper 
code-n modo fonnatus, constant, aeqwibilis (e.g. 
motus). Adv. constanter, aequabilitcr, uno tenore. 
II. n. of soldiers, vestitus, -iis, militaris. uni- 
formity, n. aequabilitas, constantia (of per- 
sons and things). 



uni 



902 



unm 



unimaginable, adj. supra quam quod cogi- 
tari potent. 

unimpaired, adj. integer. 

unimpassioned, adj. e.g. an — address, 
animi perlurbatione liber or vacuus ( = without 
violent emotion), cupiditatis or cupiditatum 
expers, omni cupiditate carens, sine ird el studio 
( = without passion). 

unimpeachable, atlj. see Trustworthy. 

unimportant, adj. levis, mdlUts momenti. 

uninformed, adj. indoetus, hwnanitatis 
expers, 

uninhabitable, adj. iidiabitabilis ; to be 
quite — , omni cultu vacare. uninhabited, 
adj. habilatoribus vacuus {eg. a town), ctdtoribus 
vacuus (= without anybody to cultivate), desertus 
(— deserted). 

uninitiated, adj. 1, lit. pro/anus; 2, fig. 
alcjs rei expers. 

uninjured, adj. incolumis, integer, salvus. 

uninspired, adj. divino spirilu hand 
afflatus. 

uninstruoted, adj. indoetus. 

unintelligible, adj. obscurv.s (e.g. narratio). 

Adv. obscure (e.g. narrare alqd), or by the noun 
obscuritas (e.g. verborum). 

unintentional, adj. instiens. Adv. forte, 
casu ; 1 did it — , insciens feci. 
uninteresting, adj. jejuiius, frigidus. 
unintermitting, adj. continuvs, assidwus. 
uninterred, adj. inhumaius, insepultus. 

uninterrupted, adj. continens, continuus 

( = continuous), ussiduus( = constant, e.g. rain, 
work), perpetuus, perennis(= lasting), comb, con- 
tinuus ct perennis (e.g. motio) ; my connection 
with anyone is — , by inconsuetiulmccumcdqopcr- 
manere. Adv. coniinentcr, uno tcnorc, perpetno. 

uninured, adj. see Unaccustomed. 

uninvestigated, adj. inexploratus. 

uninvited, adj. invocatus ; see Unasked. 
uninviting, adj. injveundus. 

union, n. see under Unite. 

unique, adj. unions, singidaris. 

unison, n. (in music) eoncordia vocum. 

unit, u. monas, -ddis, f. (^ora?). 

unitarian, n. qui simplicem Dei natu- 
ram esse arbitratur. unitarianism, n. 
ratio eorum qui simplicem esse Dei naturam 
dicunt. 

unite, I, v.tr. (con)jungere, aid rei or cum 
alqd re; with anybody, cum alqo; congregate 
(= to collect two or more things to one (lock as it 
were), copulure (so that two or more things 
are closely tied together), with anything or 
anyone, cum alqd re or cum alqo, (conjsociare (as 
companions), with, etc., cum, etc., mi see re alci 
rei or cum alqdre(=to mix, lit. and tig.); see 
Join. II. v.intr. se (con)jungere (of two corps), 
with anyone, alci or cum alqo; misceri (of 
two rivers, etc.), cum alqo coire, with any- 
thing, alci rei or cum alqd re; consentire (= to 
agree) ; to — in a partnership, societatem cum 
alqo inire; see Join, Aemv.r.. union, n, 1, 
(poiijjunctio, congrcgatio, consociatio ; 2, = agree- 
ment, consensio, consensus, -us, Concordia; see 
Aoree.ment; 3, = united body, societas, soda- 
liias; see Society, Concord, unity, n. 1, 
opp. to multiplicity, by unus (e.g. there was 
— of opinion among them all, sentcntia inter 
omnes una, erat); 2, see Union, 2. 

universal, adj. univcrsus; — history, res 



in orbe ierrarum actae ; see General. Adv. 
universe, in nnirersum ; — beloved, ab omnibus 
dUectus. universality, n. qui (quae, quod) 
latissime paid or ad universos pertinet. uni- 
verse, n. (rerum) universitas, rerum nature. 

university, n. * academia, 

univocal, adj. of a word, etc., unam tan- 
turn significaiionem habens. 

unjust, adj. injustus, injuritis, injuriosns (= 
of an — mind), iniquus (= unreasonable) : (inju- 
riosns, = contrary to right and to the civil law ; 
iniquus, = contrary to the moral law). Adv. 
injuslc, inique, injuriose, contra jus (fasque). 
unjustifiable, adj. iniquissimus ; see Inex- 
cusable. Adv. iniquissimo modo. 

unkept, adj. neglcctus. 

unkind, adj. inhumanus,severus ; see Stern. 
Adv. inhumane, severe, unkindness, n. in- 
humanitas, severitas; see Cruelty. 

unknowing, adj. inscius; see Ignorant. 
unknown, adj. ignotus (in gen., of persons 
and things, opp. notus), incognitus ( = not yet 
learned, of things, opp. cognitus), incomperlus 
(=not yet certain, fully ascertained, opp. comper- 
tus), inexploratus ( = not yet inquired into, opp, 
exploralus), ignobilis (= — to the world, of places 
and persons ; hence also = of obscure birth, 
opp. nvbilis), otec!in<s(=obscure); a person — to 
me, ncscio (puis. 

unlace, v.tr. see Untie, Loosen. 

unlamented, adj. to die — , non deploratum 

mori. 
unlatch, v.tr. see Open. 

unlawful, adj. non legitimes, vctitus, qui 
(quae, quod) contra legem or leges est. Adv. contra 
legem or leges, injuria, per injuriam. 

unlearn, v.tr. dediscere. unlearned, 

adj. illit(t)cralus, indoetus, ineruditus. Adv. 
indocte. 
unleavened, adj. sine Jermento (Cels.). 

unless, conj. nisi (contracted ?ip, with 
indie, where the statement is definite, with subj. 
where possibility is implied ; in certain cases si 
non is used (e.g. libertas si aequa non est, ne 
libertas quidem est), esp. with fut. (e.g. si te 
videre non potero, disccdam). 

unlettered, adj. see Unlearned. 

unlevelled, adj. uspcr; see Uneven. 

unlicensed, adj. cuijus alcjs rei vendendae 
non est concessum. 

unlike, adj. dissimilis. unlikely, adj. see 
Improbable. 

unlimited, adj. infinUus. 

unload, v.tr. exonerare (lit., e.g. plaustrum; 
also fig. = disburden), liberare, levare, solvere 
alqd re (fig. = to disburden). 

unlock, v.tr. recZudere, reserare. 

uhlooked for, adj. inex(s)pcctatus, inspe- 
ratus. 

unloose, v.tr. solvere (a ship, etc.), liberare 
( = to set free) ; see Free, v.tr. 

unlucky, adj. infelix (of omens) ; see Un- 
favourable. 

unmade, adj. non faclus or mom confictits; 
of a bed, non strains. 

unman, v.tr. enervare. unmanned, adj. 
fractus, perculsus. 

unmanageable, adj. see Ungovernable. 

unmanly, adj. viro indignus, effeminatus 
(= effeminate), mollis (= soft), comb, effeminatv$ 
et mollis, 



unm 



903 



unr 



Unmannerly, adj. male moratus (of per- 
sons, opp. bene moratus), rusticvs ( = rude, opp. 
urbanus) ; see Rude. 

unmarried, adj. caelebs. 

unmask, v.tr. to— anyone, personam capiti 
alvjs detrahere (lit. and tig., JIart.), animum alcjs 
nudare, evolvcre alqm integumento dissimulationis 
suae nudareque (fig. = to lind him out). 

unmatched, adj. unicus. 

unmeaning, adj. iaanis. 

I'umelodious, adj. non canonts; see In- 
harmonious. 

unmentioned, adj. to remain — , omitti, 
praetermitti ; to leave — , omittere, praetermit- 
tere. 

unmerciful, adj. immisericors. Adv. ira- 
misericorditer. 

unmindful, adj. immemor, of a thing, 
alcjs rei. 

unmingled, unmixed, adj. merits, fig. 
simplex. 

unmistakable, adj. see Clear, Certain. 

unmitigated, adj. by circumloe. ; often 
the superlat. of an adj. will suit (e.g. the war 
was waged with — cruelty, bellum atrocissimum 
gerebutur). 

unmolested, adj. to leave anyone — , alci 
inolestiam non exhibere. 

unmoor, v.tr. solvere. 

unmotherly, adj. non matcrnus. 

unmoved, adj. inmates; to be, remain — , 
?to)i (com)movcri alqd re, repudiare alqd (e.g. alcjs 
preces); non luborare dc alqd re (e.g. de alcjs 
morte). 

unnatural, adj. quod praeter naturam ex- 
(s)istit, monstr(ii)osus, portentosus, immanis ( = 
vast). Adv. contra naturam, praeter naturam. 

unnavigable, adj. innavigabilis. 

unnecessary, unneedful, adj. non ne- 
cessaruts, quod non opus est, supervacaneus, vanus 
(= idle, e.g. metus) ; it is — to mention these, eos 
nihil altinet nominare. Adv. praeter rem, prae- 
ter necessitatem, nimis; see Too. 

unnerve, v.tr. see Unman. 

unnoticed, adj. to leave — , practermitlcrc, 
praclcrire (silenlio), ncglcrjerc (= not to mind). 

unnumbered, adj. see Innumerable. 

unobserved, adj. see Unnoticed. 

unoccupied, adj. see Unemplovkd, Unin- 
habited. 

unoffending, adj. innocens. 

unopened, adj. non a2>erlus ; of a letter, 
lit(t)crae non resitjnatae. 

unorganized, adj. e.g. — bodies, corpora 
nulla cohaerendi naturd (Cic). 

unorthodox, adj. fidei Christianae parum 
conveniens (of a doctrine), fidei Christianae 
parum obediens (of a person). 

unostentatious, adj. see Modest. 

unpack, v.tr. alqd vacuum reddere; see 
Unload. 

unpaid, adj. non solutus (of money, debts), 
residuus( = outstanding, e.g. money not received 
by the creditor), cut non satisfactum est (of the 
creditor). 

unpalatable, adj. amarus (=bitter). 

unparalleled, adj. unicus, singularis. 

unpardonable, adj. quod nihil exensa- 
twain habel (e.g. vitium), incxpiabilis (e.g, sccliis, 
fraus). 



unpatriotic, adj. patriae immemor (of a 
person), (injuria) inpaUia.n illata (of au act). 

unperceived, adj. see Unnoticed. 

unphilosophical, adj. philosophkie cxpers. 

unpitying, adj. sec Unmerciful, un- 
piticd, adj. by circumloe. with mistrteordia 
(e.g. they full — , nullitts misericordiam adtptt 
interj'ccti sunt). 

unpleasant, adj. molt^tus, ingrains, iuju- 
cundits; see Disagreeable. Adv. molesle, in- 
grate, unpleasantness, n. incommodum, 
molestia ; to cause anyone — , molestium aid 
afferre or exhibere, incommodo alqm ajlicere, in- 
commotium alci (uf)ferre ; to cause yourself — , 
molestium ex alqd re cajtcre or acci}>ire. 

unpoetic, adj. a poetamm ratione alienus. 

unpolished, adj. impolUus (Ul. :;oA i\g.). 

unpolluted, adj. impollittus, wtus. 

unpopular, adj. invidiosna, plcbi (populo, 
etc.) ingratus, or ituud gratuA or accept us ; to 
be (very) — , in {magna) invidid esse ; to be- 
come — , in invidiam venire, unpopularity, 
n. invidia; see above. 

unpractised, adj. iuexcrcitalus. 
unprecedented, adj. noma, inaudilus. 
unprejudiced, adj. integer, integer ao 
liber. 

unpremeditated, adj. (verba, etc.) extern- 
plo or sine consilio dicta. 

unprepared, adj. imparalus, with anything, 
ab alqd re. 

unprepossessing, adj. sec Disagreeable. 

unpretending, adj. see Modest. 

unprincipled, adj. male moratus; see 
Wicked. 

unproductive, adj. injecundus; sec Un- 
fruitful. 

unprofitable, adj. qui nullum fructum/ert. 
Adv. by adj. or incassum. 

unpromising, adj. qui (quae, quod) nul- 
lum spem affert. 

unpronounceable, adj. qui (tptae, quod) 
euiintiari non potest. 

unpropitious, adj. sec Unfavourable. 

unprotected, adj. indefensns, non custo- 
dilus. 

unproved, adj. argumenlis non (con)fir- 

Illt'lllS. 

unprovided, adj. imparatui; — for (e.g. 
children), (liberi) quibus nondum 2>rospeclum 
est. 

unprovoked, adj. non lacessitus, ultro (= 
of one's own accord). 

unpublished, adj. nondutn cditus. 

unpunished, adj. impunitus, inv.ltus, in- 
castigalus (also with words); to remain —, im- 
pune esse, non puniri; — for anything, alqd 
impune facere. 

unpurchased, adj. nonemptus. 

unqualified, adj. 1, see Unsuitable; 2, 
= very great, summits, maximits. 

unquestionable, adj. non dubius, certns. 
Atlv. sine dubio. 

unravel, v.tr. 1, lit. retexerc; 2, fig. expla- 
nare, explicare, cnodarc. 

unread, adj. non lectus ; an — man, by lit- 
(t)crariim cxpers; see Uneducated. 

unreasonable, adj. it is — , iniqitum est, 
Wltli accus. and inlln. Adv, iniqite. 



unr 



904 



lint 



unreconciled, adj. 
Reconcile. 



non placatns ; see 



unrefined, adj. 1, lit. crudus; 2, fig. see 
Rude. 

unrelenting, adj. see Cruel, Hard. 

unremitting, adj. continvus (e.g. labor) ; 
see Constant. 

unrepaid, adj. e.g. kindness, by (beneficia) 

non rcdilita. 

unrepentant, adj. qnem non poenitet cdcjs 
rei. 

unrepining, adj. see Patient. 

unreprovable, unreproved, adj. non 
reprehenstts. 

unrequested, adj. ultro oblaUis ( = freely 
offered), nltro. 

unresented, adj. inultvs, impunitus. 
unreserved, adj. liber; see Frank. 
unrest, n. inqnies, -His, f. 
unrestrained, adj. effrcnalus. 
unrevenged, adj. inultus. 
VLTlTewa,Tile(l,a.<ij.sinepraemio,inhonomlus. 
unriddle, V.tr. solvere, explicare. 

unrighteous, adj. impivs, improbus. Adv. 
impie, improbe. unrighteousness, n. im- 
pieias, improbitas. 

unripe, adj. immaturus (lit. of fruit, fig. of 
man, opp. maturus), crudns(= raw, opp. maturus 
et cactus), unripeness, n. immatwitas. 

unrivalled, adj. eximius, praestans; see 
Excellent. 

unrobe, v.tr. see Undress. 

unroof, v.tr. see Uncover. 

unroot, v.tr. eradicare (ante-class, lit. and 
fig.), radicitus evellcre. 

unruffled, adj. of the sea, temper ; see 
'Jalm, Tranquil. 

unruly, adj. see Ungovernable, unruli- 
ness, it. cjfrcnalio, impotentia, fcroeiias. 

unsafe, adj. infcstus, intutiis ; fig. = exposed 
to danger, instabilis (lit. = unstable, e.g. step, 
gradus, inressns), hibricus (lit. = slipperj), incer- 
tvs (tig. = uncertain). 

unsaid, adj. indictus. unsay, v.tr. see 
Recant. 

unsalable, adj. qui (quae, quod) vendi non 
potest. 

nnsalted, adj. sale non cond'itus. 

unsatiated, adj. nondum saturatiis. 

unsatisfactory, adj. non -idoneus ( = un- 
suited), or by some positive adj., as mahis ( = 
evil). Adv. minus bene, unsatisfied, adj. 
cui non snt is/act inn est. 

unsavoury, adj. see Tasteless, UNPALAT- 
ABLE. 

unscrsw, v.tr. solvere. 

unsci'jptural, adj. non ut sanctae lit(ty- 
rne docent. 

unseal, v.tr. resignarealqd. 

unsearchable, adj. inerplicabilis, inex- 
ploratus. 

unseasonable, adj. intempestivus, impor- 
tumts, immuturus (lit. = unripe, of fruits ; then 
fig. = before the right time). Adv. intempesiive, 

importune, unseasoned, adj. non conditus; 
of wood, viridis. 

unseemly, adj. see Indecorous. 

Upseen, adj. invUnif. 



unselfish, adj. suae utilitatis immemor; see 
also Temperate, unselfishness, n. absti- 

ncntia, contincntia, or by adj. 

unserviceable, adj. inutilis. 

unsettle, v.tr. labefacere, labefactare (lit. 
and tig.); see Shake, unsettled, adj. ac- 
counts, see Unpaid; — weather, caelum va- 
rious; in a moral sense, inconstans, rarius, 
mobilis voluntas, comb, rarius ct mvtabilis, in- 
certus. 

unshackled, adj. liber. 

unshaved, adj. intonsns. 

Unsheathe, v.tr. gladium e vagina, educere, 

unship, v.tr. exponhe (passengers and 
goods). 

unshod, adj. pcdibus wudis. 

unshorn, adj. intonsns. 

unshrinking, adj. imparidus, intrepidvs. 

unsightly, adj. see Uolv. 

unsisterly, adj. quod sororis non est. 

unskilful, unskilled, adj. inhabilis (aid 
rei or ad ulqd), inscitus, imperitus, rudis in olejs 
rei ( = ignorant, in a:i art or science), imperitus, 
in, tdcjs rei ( = without practical experience), ig- 
narus alcjs rei. Adv. inepte, inscitc (= without 
judgment), imperite. unskilfulness, n. im- 

pcritia, inscitia, alcjs rei. 

unslaked, adj. e.g. lime, virus: of thirst, 
non ex(s)tinctus. 

unsocial, adj. insociabilis. 

unsolicited, adj. see Unasked, Voluntary. 

unsolved, adj. non solutus. 

unsophisticated, adj. simplex. 

unsorted, adj. incompositus, inordinatus. 

unsought, adj. non petitns. 

unsound, adj. (timber) cariosus ( = worm- 
eaten, bones, etc.), puter, putris (= rotten) ; — in 
health, see Unhealthy ; of mind, see Insane ; 
of opinions, fulsus. unsoundness, n. see 
Uniif.altiiiness, Insanity - . 

unsown, adj. non satus. 

unsparing, adj. 1, inclemcns, acer, acerbus ; 
2, see Liberal. 

unspeakable, adj. infandus. 

unspoiled, adj. incorruplus, integer. 

unstable, unsteady, adj. mobilis, incon- 
stans, instabilis. unsteadiness, n. incon- 
stantia. 

unstained, adj. see Unspoiled, Pure. 

unstring, v.tr. a bow, \arcum retendcre, 
t remittere. unstrung, adj. of the nerves, 
etc., f rectus, dcbilitatus. 

unstudied, adj. (of style) simplex. 

unsubdued, adj. indnmitus ; sec Untamed. 

Unsuccessful, adj. mi eventus decst, ir- 
ritus, iufelix; see Unfortunate, Adv. ink- 
licitcr. 

unsuitable, unsuited, adj. hy alienus ab 
alqd re, inutilis ad alqd,incommodvs; see Unfit. 
Adv. inutilitcr, incommode, unsuitablcness, 
n. inutilitas, incommoditas. 

unsuspected, adj. non suspcetus, in qnem 
nulla suspicio cadit. unsuspicious, adj. sin- 
plcx, candidns, simvlalinnnni nesciuns. Adv. sim- 
plieUer, candide. unsuspiciousness, n. 
rimplicitas, animus simplex, or upertus. 

untainted, adj. inenrruptus, non infectus. 

untamed, adj. indomilm (lit. and fig.), cf, 
fremitus (tig-)- 



tint 



005 



upp 



untasted, adj. ingustatus. 
untaught, adj. indoctus. 
unteachable, adj. indocilis. 
untenable, adj. infirmus, Uvis. 
unterrified, adj. interritus. 

unthankful, ndj. sec Ungrateful, un- 
thankfulness, see Ingratitude. 
unthinking, udj. see Thoughtless. 
untie, v.tr. (dissolve re, laxare. 

until, I. prep, ad or in with accus. II. 

conj. dum, donee, quoad with indie, when mere 
time is expressed ; subj. when tlie idea is of 
contingency, purpose, etc. 

untilled, adj. inaratus, 

untimely, adj. see Unseasonable. 

untinged, adj. pwrus. 

untiring, adj. Bee Indefatigable. 

unto, prep, see To. 

untold, adj. 1, non dictus; 2, see Count- 
less, Innumerable. 

untouched, adj. by intactus; see also Un- 
moved. 
untoward, adj. see Unfavourable. 

untranslatable, adj. quod verbis reddi non 

potest. 

untried, adj. inexpertus. 

untrodden, adj. e.g. path, via non Irila. 

untroubled, adj. nullo motii pcrturbalus 
or tranquillus, placidus; see Calm. 

untrue, adj. falsvs. Adv. /also, fide, un- 
truth, n. (as quality, character) vanitas or by 
adjs., e.g. alqd falsum esse probare; =the thing 
itself, falsum, mendacium. 

unturned, adj. to leave no stone — , om- 
nibus modis alqd aggredi. 

untwine, untwist, v.tr. (re)solvere, re- 

texere. 

unused, adj. 1, see Unaccustomed ; 2, 
novus, integer ; see Fresh, unusual, adj. in- 
solitus, insolens. 

unutterable, adj. infandus, inenarrabilis. 
Adv. supm quam quod enuntiari potest. 

unvanquished, adj. invictus. 

unvaried, unvarying, adj. see Un- 
changed, Immutable. 

unvarnished, adj. 1, lit. fuco non illitus ; 
2, tig. simplex, sine fuco ucfallaciis ; see Plain. 

unveil, V.tr. by caput aperire. 

unversed, adj. non versatus, peregrinus 
atque hospes, tiro ac rudis in alqd re. 

unviolated, adj. inviolatus. 

unwalled, adj. muris non circumdaliis, sine 
nuris (in gen.), immunitus (of fortifications). 

unwarlike, adj. imlellis. 

unwarrantable, adj. iniquus. unwar- 
ranted, adj. sine auctore editus. 

unwary, adj. iucautus, imprudens. Adv. 
incauie, imprudenter. unwariness, n. iro- 
prudentia. 

unwashed, adj. Ulotus. 

unwatched, adj. incustoditus. 

unwavering, adj. see Firm. 

unwearied, adj. indefessus, integer ( = still 
fresh), assiduus. 

unweave, v.tr. rettxere. 

unwelcome, adj. aid non acceptus, in- 
gratus. 

29 » 



unwell, adj. see III. 

unwholesome, adj. insalubris (Plin.), pes- 
tilem, gravis. 

unwieldy, adj. inliabilis ( — difficult to 
manage), vasti corporis (= of a great size). 

unwilling, adj. invitus. Adv. by alqo in- 
vito, unwillingness, n. see Reluctance. 

unwind, v.tr. retexcrc. 

unwise, adj. intipitns, stvltus. Adv. in- 
sipienter, stultc. 

unwitting, adj. and adv. insciv*. 

unwomanly, adj. quod non mulieris est. 

unwonted, adj. see Unusual. 

unworthy, adj. indignus, of anything, alqd 
re, to, etc;., by qui with subj. unworthi- 
ness, n. indignitas. 

unwounded, adj. invulneratus (once in 
Cic, where we read invulneratus inviolatusque), 
sine vulnere, integer. 

unwrap, v.tr. evolvere. 

unwrinkle, v.tr. enigare (Plin.). 

unwritten, adj. still — , non scriptns. 

unwrought, adj. rudis. 

unyielding, adj. see Inflexible. 

unyoke, v.tr. disjungere (e.g. cattle, ju- 
inenta, equos). 

up, adv. sursuni(= upwards, in contiast witli 
deorsum, = downwards); in combination it may 
be rendered by ad, e, in, sub, trans ; — the river, 
adverso flumine (opp. to down the river, secundo 
flumine); — the hill, in adversum montcm ; to look 
— , si(spicere(e.g. to heaven, caelum) ; to press — , 
eniti (connili) in aUjd ; to burn — , txtorrerr, 
adurire ; to dry — , exaresdrc ; to dig — , tffiotlire, 
entire ; to deliver — , tradcre; to go — , a(d)ect)t- 
dere; — from boyhood, etc, a puero, a piteris ; 

— to, tenus with ablat. (always after the case) ; 

— ! age! surge! Upwards, adv. sursnm; see 
also More. 

upbraid, v.tr. to — anyone with, reprehend^ re 
alqm de alqd re. upbraiding, n. objurgatio, 
convicium ( = scolding). 

uphill, I. adv. adverso colle, adversus collem. 
II. adj. 1, lit. acclivis, arduus; 2, fig. arduus, 
dijicilis. 

uphold, v.tr. lit. and fig. sustinere, susteti- 
tare, fulcire (= to prop). 

upholsterer, n. by qui (domum, etc.) In- 
struit, or (ex)oniat. 

upland, adj. editus; see Mountainous. 

upon, prep, super with acens. with verbs of 
motion, ablat. with verbs of rest; fa with aims. 
or ablat. (often in comp., e.g. incidere = to light 
— );= after, e(x)(e.g. directly — the consulship of 
Caesar, statim e consulatu Cuesaris), or by ablat. 
abs. (— this, quo or hoc facto), or by nmfatWM), 
with subj. (e.g. quae cum secum reputasset, dixit, 
he said — reflection) ; — this condition, ui con- 
dicione, or hoc lege ut; — the whole, plerumque 
(= usually), ad summam (= in a word); see On. 

upper, adj. (as regards the position) superus, 
superior, summus, suprrmus (the two last — 
highest); (as regards the order) primoris (not 
used in the num.), superior; (as regards rank, 
dignity) superior (loco or dignitaU); to get the 

— hand, superarc, vincire ; — storey of a lious.-, 
pars superior aetlium ; — part, pars superior; 
also by superior or (if the highest part) by 
summus (in tho same gender as the noun, e.g. 

— of a ship, navia nimma; — world, in Cic. 
always called hacc loca quae nos incolimus. 
uppermost, adj. nmniu (in gen.), primus 



upr 



906 



vai 



(= according to order in rank), princeps (in rank 
or dignity). 

upright, adj. (di)redus (diredus = straight, 
perpendicularly as well as horizontally), credits; 
(in a mural sense), probus, honest us, integer, 
gravis. Adv. lit. rede, or use adj. ; fig. rede, 
•probe, honestc, sincere, ingenve, integre, graviter. 
uprightness, n. probitas. 

uproar, n. see Noise. 

upset, I. v.tr. (snb)vertcrc, evertere. II. 
v.intr. everti, subverti, corrucre. 

upshot, n. exitus, -lis, eventus, -us. 

upsidedown, adj. to turn — , omnia turbare 
et misccre. 

upstart, n. novus homo. 

urbanity, n. urbanitas ; see Politeness. 

urchin, n. 1, see Hedgehog ; 2, see Child, 
Boy. 

urge, v.tr. impellere, incitare, excitare, stimu- 
lare alqm, stimvlos cilci admoverc (all these lit 
and fig.), accendere, infiammare (fig.), anyone 
to, alqm ad alqd ; (cui)horiari ad alqd or with vt 
or lie; to — anyone with requests, instare alri 
(with vt or ne), alqm urgere, comb, instare et 
v.rgere (absolute), alqm orare obsecrareque, pre- 
cibus fatigare tdqm, ab alqo petcre et svmme con- 
tendere, ttt or ne, etc. urgent, adj. iirgens 
(lit.), gravis, xvhemens, magni momenti, neces- 
sarius, mazimns, summits ; at my — request, 
orante vie atque obsecrante. Adv. rehementer, 
magnopere. urgency, n. necessitas. 

urine, n. anna, lotivm. 

urn, n. urna. 

usage, n. vws, consuetndo ; see Custom. 
use, I. n. 1, = application of a thing to 
your wants, usus, -its, usurjwtio, lisura ( = 
using) ; to make — of, alqd re vti ; to come 
into — , in. Ksinit venire, in consududincm or 
morem venire, more recipi (= to become usual) ; 
to be of — , utilem usi esse. ; to be of great — , 
•magno usui esse ; 2, see Usefulness. II. v.tr. 
uti alqd re; — for, ad alqd, abvti re, ad alqd or 
inalqdre(—io consume), usurparcalqd, adhibere 
cdqd, for anything, ad alqd, conjcrre ad or in alqd ; 

— in a certain sense, vocabulo alqd signifiuTre, dc- 
clarare; seealso Treat, useful, adj. ntilis, ap- 
tits, idoneus, arcommodalus, co)tvniodus(fH\ad alqd); 
to be — , ntilem esse, ttsui esse, alci prodesse or 
proUccre. Adv. ntiliter, apte, commotle. use- 
Inlness, n. ntilitas, usus, -us, commoditas ; see 
Use. useless, adj. inutilis ad alqd (or aid 
rei), vanus, inanis, irritus. Adv. inutiliter (only 
after negative), frustm, atl irrilum, incassum 
(or as two words, in cassum). 

usher, I. n. perhaps apparitor ; gentleman 

— (at court), magister admissionum (Imperial 
Rome) ; 2, = under-teacher, hypodidascalvs. 
II. v.tr. 1, ad alqm introducerc; 2, fig. see 
Begin. , • 

usual, adj. vsitatvs, solitus, consuetns,' ne- 
qui(e)quam, inaitiler, sul{l)emnis (= habitual), 
iritus (of language, = commonplace), vulgaris, 
more or usa reeeptus (= customary); .it is — , 
solel ; more than — , plus quam sold, plus solito ; 
see Common, Customary. Adv. ferme, fen, 
plerumque, ul sold. 

USUcaptlon, n. usucapio. 

usufruct, n. usus, -its, et fructus, -vs, usus- 
fructus (both parts of the word declined). 

usurp, v.tr. (as)sumere alqd, invadere in 
alqd, occupare (e.g. regnum, = — the govern- 
ment), usurper, n. qui regnum occupat. 
usurpation, n. occupatio, or by the verbs. 



usury, ii. fe.nerari. usurer, n. feneratnr, 
tocullio. usurious, adj. avarus; seo Avar- 
icious, usury, n. vsura (paid by the debtor), 
feneralio (— lending on interest), fenus, -oris, n. 
(= interest received). 

utensil, n. vas, -is (in pi. rasa, -orum, — 

vessel), in farming, instrumentum (rusticum, 
as collective noun always in the sing.); — s, 
vtensilia, -ium, n. (— everything necessary in 
daily life), supellex, -edilis, f. ( = household furni- 
ture). 

Uterine, adj. •uterinus (Jet.). 

utility, n. see Usefulness, utilitarian, 

adj. qui omnia ad utilitatem confert. 

utmost, adj. extremus, vltimus, summits ; — 
misery, summae angustiae, extremae res, extrema 
or ultima, -orum, summa inopia ; see Extreme. 

utter, uttermost, ndj. see Extreme, Com- 
plete. Adv. penitus, funditus; see Entirely. 

"itter, v.tr. significare (= to give to under- 
stand), indicare ( = to point out), ostencUre ( = lo 
show), profitcri (= to profess), prae se ferre or 
gerere (— to declare openly); to — a sound, 
sonitnmedcre,emittere ; see Pronounce, utter- 
ance, n. see Pronunciation, Delivery. 

uvula, n. uva (Plin.). 



vacancy, n. 1, = void space, vacuum, inane, 
inanitas (= emptiness) ; 2, with regard to office, 
by vacuus; chosen to fill a — , sujfectus; 3, see 
Leisure ; 4, of mind, inanitas, stupid Has. 
vacant, adj. 1, see Empty ; 2, of an office, 
vacuus; to be — , racnum esse, vacare; 3,= 
unoccupied by business, by vacuus labore or 
nrgntiis ; 4, = empty, of thought, stupidns ; see 
Foolish; 5, in law, vacuus (= having no heir, 
e.g. a house, field), vacate, v.tr. 1, = make- 
empty, vacucfaccre ; 2, = to make varant, an 
ollice, se. abdicare alqd re or (but not in Cic. or 
Caef.). vacation, n. feriae. vacuity, 
vacuum, n. see Vacancy, vacuus, adj. see 
Vacant. 

vaccinate, v.tr. anyone, variolas aid in- 
serire (not class.), vaccination, n. insitio 
variolarum. 

vacillate, v.intr. vacillare (lit. and fig.). 
vacillating, adj. dnbins, incertus, nmbiguus; 
see Doubtful, vacillation, n. diibivm, dubi- 
latio ; see Doubt, Hesitation. 

vagabond, vagrant, I. adj. vagus. II. 
n. erro, gratsator. vagary, n. nujroe^tricks), 

ineptiae( = silliness); see Whim. 

vague, adj. incertus, dubius, ambtguiis, an- 

ceps ; see Indefinite, Uncertain. Adv. incerte, 
dubie, ambigue. vagueness, n. dubinm, 
dubitatio; see Doubt, Obscurity. 

vain, adj. 1, = empty, worthless, inanis; 
see Idle; 2, = fruitless, vanus, irritus; to 
labour in — , operam perdcre, operam fnistra 
consnmcre or cotterere, oleum et operam pcrdcre 
(prov., Cic); 3, = proud, inanis, vctnis(= fool- 
ishly — ), laudis avidus ( = ambitious), superbns 
( = proud), gloiiosits ( = bonstful), putidus ( = 
affected); to be — , rebus inanibusdeledari. Adv. 
in vain, frustra, incassum (or mi cassum, as 
two words), neqtii(tsypiam ; see Vain ; = proudly, 
etc., gloriose, putide, superbe. vainglorious, 
adj. gloriosus. vanity, n. = emptiness, inani- 



val 



907 



veil 



tew, vanitas, fragilitus ; = empty pride, anibitio. 
oetentatio. 

vale, n. see Valley. 

valediction, valedictory, n. ami adj. 

see FAREWELL. 

valentine, n. epistulu amutoria. 
valet, n. cubicularlvs. 

valetudinarian, n. suae valetiidinis(nimis) 

studiosus. 

valiant, valorous, adj. fortis, animostis, 
comb, fortis et unimosus or animosus et fortis, 
strenuus, comb, fortis atque strenuus or streituus ct 
fortis, acer(= full of energy), comb, acer et fortis ; 
see Brave. Adv. fortiter, unimose, comb. ani- 
mose et fortiter, strenue, acriter. valour, u. 
fortitudo, virtus, -litis, f. ; see Bravery. 

valid, adj. gravis (= important) ; in point 
of law, bonus (e.g. witness), Justus ( = right), 
idoncus ( = fit, sufficient, e.g. witness, ex- 
cuse), ratus ( = confirmed, what has become a 
law), firmus, certus, comb, ratits ac firmus (e.g. 
jussum); to be — , valcre (of a coin, a law, etc.) ; 
to make anything — , rat/am faccre alqd, ration 
esse alqdjubere. validity, n. (of reasons, etc.), 
gravitas, pondus, -cris, n. ; in point of law (e.g. 
of a witness, etc.), fides. 

valley, n. (con)vallis. 

value, I. v.tr. (= to determine the worth 
of an object) acslimare (of gen. import), some- 
thing greatly, censere (of the censor), to bo 
— d, censeri (used of citizens and their pos- 
sessions) ; flg. = to think well of, aestimarc 
(with genit. or abl.), faccre, ducire, pendcre, 
habere (with gen. magni, etc.), deligere; to 
— not at ail, alqd nullo loco, nikilo, pro nihilo 
or niliil numerare, alam nullo loco putare, ahpn 
despidre; to — highly, magni faccre or ducire, 
or pendcre, or habere; to — more than, plltris 
aestimare; to — little, parvi faccre, etc. II. n. 
aestimatio (= estimated value), prctium (== 
price), virtus, -litis, f. (= inner worth, of u per- 
son or thing); great (intrinsic) — , praestan- 
tia ; moral — , worth, virtus, honestas; tilings 
without — , res viles or leves. valuable, adj. 
preliosus (lit.), magni prctii (lit. and flg.J, aid 
acceplus, grains (of what does one good to see, 
hear, etc.). valuation, n. aestimatio. valuer, 
n. qui ahpl aestimat, aeslimator. valueless, 
see Worthless. 

valve, n. epistomium. 

vampire, n. cespertilio(qui sanguinem sugit). 

van, n. of an army, primum agmen (in 
marching order), acies prima (in battle order). 

van, n. = wimiowiiig-fan, vannus, f. 

van, n. see Cart, Waggon. 

vane, n. see Weathercock. 

vanish, v.iutr. (e)vanescere. 

vanity, u. see under Vain. 

vanquish, v.tr. (de)vincere, superare, comb. 
vincere et superare, domare (= to subdue), pro- 
fligare(=: to drive an army oft' the field), 
(= to subjugate), vanquisher, n. victor (f. 
victrir), expugnator with gen. (e.g. urbis), domi- 
tor with gen. (e.g. Hispaniae). 

vapid, adj. 1, vapid us (of wine) ; 2. fig. see 
iNsirin. 

vapour, n. vapor, \halitut, -its, nebula 
(=both arising from the ground and from' the 
water) ; terrae anhclitus, -its, cx(s)piratio, or ex- 
halatio, sx terra afflatus, -us (moie particularly 



tliat ascending from the bottom of a cawrn, 
whereby Pythia became inspired, both Cic. 
de Div. ii. 57, 117); — bath, as*i sudatio 

(Cils.). 

variable, adj. see Obaxoeabli vari- 
ableness, n. see Change, variance, D, 
discordia ; to Bet at — , discordiam coiicitare ; t.i 
be at — with each other, inter sc ■ 
inter se dissidere ; see Enmity, variation, n 
■variclas (.— accidental change, e.g. cneli) ; set 
Alteration, Change, Deviation. vari- 
coloured, variegated, adj. tnriua, varii 

, versicolor, variegate, v.tr. i< 
dislinguere. variety, u. varietal (e.g. cacli, 
of tin.- weather; eloipiendi, of style), divei 
vicissitudo ; a — of things, res multae or tariae. 
various, adj. varius, divenus, multiplex 
(= manifold). Adv. varie, diverse, vary, I. 
v.tr. variant; see Alter, Change. 41. v.intr. 
variare, variari, (com)mutari, Enmvtorl 

varicose, adj. and n. varix (e.g. vein). 

varlet, n. see Servant, Rogue. 

varnish, I. n. 1, ofrtmenttm tenue (of a 
dark colour, for paintings, Plin.) : 2, = fair 
appearance, color, fitevs, species. II. v.tr. 1, 
atramento tenui illinire; 2, fig. e.g. errors or 
deformity, praelcudere alqd alci rei, tegire or 
occultare alqd alqd re. 

vase, n. vas, vasis, n. see Jar. 

vassal, n. dims, vassalage, n. eHm 
tela. 

vast, adj. vastus, immanis, comb. vastus ct 
immanis, magma, ingens, incrolibilis, ampins ; 
sec GltEAT. Adv. magnoperc, incrcdibilitcr, 
cable; see Vert, vastness, r.. amplUudo, 
•magnititdo, immensitas. 

vat, n. cupa, dolium. 

vaticinate, v.tr. see Foretell. 

vault, I. n. 1, = arched roof, camera, em* 
camcratio, fornix ; see Ahch ; 2, = — ed cham- 
ber, fornix; — underground, hypogium ; 3, see 
Tomb. II. v.tr. 1, confornicarc, concamcrure; 
see Arch ; 2, salire ; sec Leap. 

vaunt, v.intr. and n. see IJoast. 

veal, n. (caro) vttulina. 

veer," V.intr. sevcrtere, recti. 

vegetable, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad plantas 
pcrtinct ; — kingdom, perhaps plantae et ar- 
bons. vegetables, n. Mtu or pi. "'• 

— garden, horlus Mtortus; — gardener, olitor; 

— market, forum olitorium. VCgetatC, v.intr. 
1, lit see Grow; 2, lig. hebesdrt, languor,-. 

vegetation, n. herbae, plantae vegeta- 
tive, adj. ciic. hy crescire. 
vehemence, n. pit, tactiatfo(e.& of a smell, 

of a disease, of a war, etc.), impetits,-us(= h 

tiu>icii<to(= violence), ardor, aettv<,-4U(of a fever, 
of the passions), (mjiateH<ia(=uubridlea passion), 

iracitmlia (= hastiness), studium (= eagerness). 
vehement, ailj. vehemens (= not culm, opp. 
Icnis, placidus), gratis (= violent, e.g. asorbiu, 
odor, verbum [= offensive]), Bta0*tft,aocr(= act- 
ing in a passion, opp. tenia, also e.g. helium), 
comb, aosr ct vehemens, oorrbtu (= bitter), ani- 
moius (= spilitfdl, CQI U itat H S, incitntus ( — 
sptirred on), tntenhu ( = Intent, anxi 
rapidllS (= quick, hasty), violentus (= violent), 
atrox (- dreadful, shocking), aniens, Aagrtins 
(of fever and of the passions), fractindm ( = 
ailgTy) ; — desire, ettpidilat magna or acris, 
aniens or flagrant. Adv. Vtlirmcntcr. valdt, 

graviter, acriter, octree, contente, intent?, aninune, 
ardenter, vMenter. 
vehicle, n. 1, see Carriage, Waggon ; 2, 

Means. 



Vei 



908 



ver 



Veil, I. n. rira (among the Roman ladies, 
riant.), rliimmcum (Plin.), ftammeolum (Juv., 
=* bridal — ) ; the — of oblivion, by alqd velare, 
nlqd occultare. II. v.tr. velare, tegire (both lit. 
ami fig.). 

vein, n. vena (used also of veinlike marks in 
an object, and fig. as — of humour), arleria 
(= artery), alqd alcjs rei (fig. e.g. he has a — of 
strength, alqd virium ci inest). 

vellicate, v.tr. relieve, vellicare. 

vellum, n. membrana. 

velocity, n. velocitas : see Swiftness. 

velvet, n. see Silk, velvety, adj. see 
Smooth. 

venal, adj. venalis (of merchandise, etc., or 
persons), viimvtarins (e.g. jvdices, judicium). 
venality, u. animus venalis. 

vend, v.tr. vendere. vender, n. venditor. 
vendible, adj. vendibilis. 

veneer, v.tr. sectilibus laminis operire or 
vestire. 

venerable, adj. venerabilis; see Reverend. 
venerate, v.tr, cnlere (= to worship, revere), 
obserrare (— to revere), comb, colere et observare, 
obserw re et diligere, in Itonore habere (a man), 
admirari, venerari (a person or thing), ven- 
eration, n. cidtus, -us, veneratio (of a god 
or of a man), religio (= awe). 

venereal, adj. venereus. 

vengeance, n. nltio; see Revenge. 

venial, adj. veniddignus. 

venison, n. (caro) feriiut. 

venom, n< 1, venenum (lit. and fig.); see 
Poison, venomous, adj. rcnenatus (lit. and 
lig.); see Poisonous. 

vent, I. n. 1, spiramentum, + spiramen, 
t spiraeulum (in gen. = — hole), aettitarinm 
(= hole tr> let in air, e.g. in digging wells), fora- 
men; 2, by effundcre, see below. II. v.tr. to — 
one's passion, stomachuvi in alqm erumpere, 
odium expromire, iram, etc., in alqm effundcre, 
evomere. vent-hole, n. see Vent I. 

ventilate, v.tr. 1, ventulumftuxredlci (Com. 
by fanning), ventilate ( = to fan); to —-a mom, | 
ventum (in cubicuhm, etc.),' itn.mitle.re; 2, iig. I 
in medium proferre. ventilation, n. use verb. 
ventilator, n. see Vent, 1. 
ventricle, n. ventriculus. 
ventriloquist, n. ventrilaqv/us (late ; in 
riutarch's time, about a. v. 70, a — was termed 
in Greek nvOwv, and, if a female, ■nvBiavioaa), 
perhaps qui sonos alienos svd voce imitatur. 

venture, I. n. = experiment, experiment nm, 
periculum(= risk), a«°a(= hazard), /acinus, -oris, 
n. ( = bold act) ; at a — , temere, forte, tenure, for- 
tuito oc temere, temere acfortuito. II. v.intr. and 
tr.jjerfcHtari (both alqd, and = to be endangered); 
to — to do a thing, avdere (courageously), conari 
(= to attempt, both with infln., never with ut); 
he — d tc ask him, ausut est eumrogare; to — 
upon, ut, on anything, avdere alqd (eg. an 
undertaking, /acinus), perieidum/acere alejs rei; 
into battle, by se. committers in uciem ; nothing 
— , nothing win.prov. dlmidium facti, quicapit, 
habet (Hot.), fortes foriuna adjuvat (Ter.). ven- 
turesome," venturous, adj. andax, feme- 
rarius. Adv. avdaciter, temere. venturous- 
ness, n. audacia, temeritas. 

veracious, adj. verus, verax ; see Truthful. 
veracity, n. Veritas. 

verandah, n. subdialia. -ium (=open gal- 
leries, Plin.), podium (= balcony), or portions, 
-us, f. 



verb, n. verbum (gram.), verbal, adj. by 
rerbuni or VOX. Adv. by frraesens (= present), 
or ipse or coram (= face to face); see also Ver. 
bati.m. verbatim, adv. ad verbum, totidem 
verbis, verbose, adj. verbosu.% verbose- 
ness, verbosity, n. copia or ubertas verborum, 
or by cojiiose et abundantcr de alqd re dire re or 
loqni, in dicelldo adhibcrc quandam speciem atquc 
pmnpam. 

verdant, adj. wndis. verdure, n. viri- 
ditas (e.g. pratorum). 

verdict, n. in law, responsum (= answer), 
arbitrium (= decision of an arbitrator, in gen.), 
judicium ( = judgment of a judge) ; to pronounce 
a—, decernere{= to decide, of magistrates), judi- 
care, sententiam dicire (of a judge). 

verdigris, n. aerugo (Plin., aeris or cypi ia). 

verge, n. 1, = brink, margo, ora ; see .Mar- 
gin ; 2, rig. by circuinloc. (e.g. on the — of 
danger, cum pericuVum jam instaret or imminente 
pericuio, or minimum abfuit qnin periculum 
adesset). verger, ii. apparitor. 

verge, v.intr. veryere ad alqd (= to slope 
towards); to — upon, tangere, attingere alqd ( — 
to touch), aid reifinitimum esse (lit. and lig.). 

verification, n. conjirmatio ; see Proof. 
verify, v.tr. {apyprobare, comprobare. verily, 
adv. profecto, sane, certe, ne (imc). verity, u. 
see Truth. 

verisimilitude, n. rerisimilitiulo (also as 
two words, veri sim.). veritable, adj. in us; 
see True, Genuine. 

vermilion, I. n. minium. II. adj. minia-' 
tus (= coloured with red-lead), Hiiiiiare-«s(= — 
coloured, Vitr.) ; see Red. 

vermin, n. bestiolae molestae (in gen.), pedi- 
cali (= lice). 

vernacular, adj. — tongue, sermo palrivs, 
scrmo nativus, sermo vaster, lingua nostra, verba 
■orum, vostratia. 

versatile, adj. versatilis (of that which may 
be turned round, lit.) ; of genius, ayilis, mobilis, 
varius et multiplex, versatility, n. of genius, 
facilitas, ingenium facile or_mobile, agilitas, mo- 
bilitas. 



verse, n. versus, -us, versiatdus; to make — , 
versus faciire or scribere, versiis funderc; — a 
short division of any composition, pars, ver- 
sification, n. vcrsunm ratio, versify, v.tr. 
carmina facere. 

versed, adj. versatus in alqd re, exercitatus 
in ali/! re, peritus, gnarus alcjs rei. 

version, n. liber scHptoris conversus. 

vertebra, n. vertebra (Plin.). 

vertex, n. vertex, or by summus ; see Sum- 
mit. vertical, adj. (di)rectus ; a— line, linen, 
perpendicidum. Adv. recte, directo, ad lineam, 
ad perpeniiicidiim. 

vertiginous, adj. 1, e.g. motion, quod in 
orbem circumagihir or circumfertur ; 2, rertigi- 
UOSUS (= suffering from giddiness, Plin.). ver- 
tigo, n. verthjoXoeulorum). 

very, I. adj. see True, Real, II. adv. 
svmme (=in the highest degree, with verbs and 
adjs.), Iquam) maxime (= most, with adj. and 
verbs), magnopere or magno opere, maximojxre 
or maximo opere, summopere orsummo opere(ou\y 
with verbs), impense (= without fearing any 
trouble, only with -verbs), advwdum (= com- 
pletely), valde (= with great strength ; the fore- 
U'jing with verbs and adjs.), snne qiwm {— — 
much indeed, e.g. qaudere, brevis), oppido (with 
adjs. and advs., more used in the colloquial 



ves 



909 



vig 



style), satis (= sufficient, with regard to B 
certain end, to circumstances, to a position, 
etc., with adjs. and ad vs., e.g. non satis h 
tutum in Argis lidebat), cnixe (— witli great 
exertion, e.g. to try, opcram dare), vehementer, 
with rogare, dolere, gaudcre, etc. ; (often = in 
the highest degree), gravitcr (with verbs and 
partic, e.g. to be ill, aegrotare; iratus), mire, 
mirifuc, mire quantum (= extraordinarily, with 
verbs and adjs.), apprime (mostly ante and 
post class. = extremely, with adjs., e.g. apprime 
gnarns ulcjs rci), perfecte (= perfectly, e.g. 
perfecte sapiens, cloquens), in primis (inprimis, — 
foremost; instead of in primis, we find also inter 
primos, in paucis, cum paucis, Inter paucos, ante 
alios, practer cetcros, super omnes), bene (= well, 
with adjs., ad vs., and verbs, e.g. bene mane, bene 
pot us), probe (= right, right well, with adjs. and 
verbs, but only in colloquial style), egregic, 
cximie (= exceedingly, with adjs. and verbs ; 
cgreyie also in daily intercourse, in the episto- 
lary style and in conversation), longe (= by far, 
e.g. longe snpernre); " — "also by per or }>rae 
in composition with an adj., adv., or verb (e.g. 

— few, perpauci or perquam panel; it pleases me 

— much, mihi perplacet or mihi perquam placet, 
mild vt'.hle placet; — hard, pracdurus ; by a 
superl., which maybe strengthened by adding 
Innge or invito (e.g. {longe) fertilissimus, mxdto 
ditissimvs); not — , before adj. and ad vs., by 
non ita, hand ita (e.g. not so — many, non ita 
multi ; not — long after, haud ita multo post). 

vesicle, n. vesica (Plin.). 

vesper, n. = evening star, Hesperus, Vesper. 
vespers, n. in the Romish Church, I'nets 
Vespertinae. 

vessel, n. = utensil, vas, vasts (in the pi. 
vasa, -orum,-n.); in anatomy, blood — , arteriae, 
venae ; = ship, navis. 

vest, I. l). subucnla, or tunica; see Gar- 
ment. II. v.tr. 1, vestirc; see Clothe; 2, 
see Invest, vested, adj. e.g. rights, by jus, 
juris, n. (e.g. — interests are sacred, jus alcjs est 
sacrosanctum). vestry, n. sacrarium. ves- 
ture, n. see Garment. 

vestal, I. adj. see Pure, Chaste. II. n. 
Vestttlis (virgo). 

vestibule, n. vestibulum, pronaus, -aos (of a 
temple). 

vestige, n. vestigium. 

vetch, n. ricia. 

veteran, adj. and n. vcteranm <csp. of 
soldiers; in the agricultural writers, also of 
animals and plants); a — soldier, (miles) Vetera- 
nits or emeritus ; in wider sense, veterator (of a 
lawyer, Cic). 

veterinary, adj. veterinarius (Col.). 

veto, I. n. intereessio (of the tribunes), in 
gen. by circmnloc. ; see Fokbid. II. v.tr. ro- 
gationi intercede re (of the tribunes) ; sec FoaBlD. 

vex, v.tr. stoma chum facere alci, indignatio- 
item movers alci, offewlere, pungent, sol(l)iciture, 
vexare, morderc, commovere alqm; to be — ed at, 
ulqd asgre or molests Jerre ; I am — ed at, me piget 
alcjs rci; see Annoy, vexation, n. atgritudo 
animi, indignatio, stomackus, molestia; full of 
— , indignabioidus. vexatious, adj. molcstus, 
gravis; see Troublesome. Adv. moleste, gra- 
viter. 

viaduct, n. by pontc jungire (e.g. ftumen). 

vial, n. see Bottle. 

viands, n. cibus. 

viaticum, n. viaticum. 

Vjbrate, v.intr. vibrare; of sound, tinnire 



(e.g. awes tinniunt), ivcalcm sonata rtddhe (e.g, 
of a column)- vibration, n. notes, *te 

vicar, n. in gen. viearivs. vicarage, n, 

see Benefice, Parsonage, vicarious, adj. 

and adv. idcjs loco. 

Vice, prep, in composition, by pro or mu(e.g. 
subpraejectus, proconsul). 

Vice, n. vitiositas, turpitudo (= the quality 
of — ), libidines (— lust), vitta, -iorum (= 
habitual sins; one such, vitiuitt), flagitivm, 
scclus, -cris, n. (= as a wicked act), vicious, 
adj. vitiosus (= defective, unsound), turpis 
(— shameful), fiagitiosns (= profligate, ail of 
persons and tilings, e.g. vita), COtub. vitiosui 
«C Jlagitiosus (e.g. vita), cujus in atiimn im- 
probitas versatur (of man's heart, of man In 
general), viliis conlaminatus, inquinntus (— pol- 
luted with — , of persons and things), scclcstus, 
scefercUiw,perdttu«(= criminal; the former of Uie 
disposition, the latter of an act of persona and 
things); very — ,vitiis,flagitiis,scelerlbusobrutus 
of persons), vitiis Jiagitiisque omnibus deditus 
{also of things, e.g. vita). Adv. vitiose, tnrpiter, 
Jlagiliosc, comb, Jlagitiose et lurpitcr, scelerate, 
perdite, acetate, viciousness, n. see Vice. 

vicissitudc.n. vicissitude, vicisaltvdinet (= 
a change that takes place regularly, e.g. of the 
times, vicissitude or varietal temporum; of day 
and night, dlerum noctiumque vicissitudines ; of 
fortune, Jbrlunae vicissitudo, mutatio rcrum 
humanaruin). 

victim, n. victima, hostia, vinculum (in ex- 
piation) ; sec Sacrifice, victimize, v.tr. see 

ClIKA 1. 

victor, n. victor; see Conqueror, victo- 
rious, adj. victor, victrix (with nouns of the 
rein, and neuter gender). Adv. by adj. victory. 
n. victoria, tropaeum, triumphus( = the triumph 
decreed by S«nate, heme = — itself); to gain 
— , viuccre, victoriam consequi, adipisci, victorid 
potiri. 

victuals, ii- cibus, cibaria, -ontm, alinenla, 
■ovum; see Provisions, victual, v.tr. rot 
frumentarium providere, comparare, frumentwn 
(com)parare, conferre; see Food. 

viti, v.intr. aemulari alqm or cum alqo ; see 
Rival. 

view. I. v.tr. see Inspect, Look, See. II. 
n. 1, (ad)spcctus(= vision), acics(- glance), ocufa 
(= eye), prospectus (at a distance), oefjiaehu (from 
a high place), conspectus (=sight; all -us); to 
be in — , in consjvctu esse: to come into — , M 
cunspectum venire ; in — of, in oculis sitv.m esse ; 
see Sight; 2, see Design; point of — , ratio ; 
to consider i:i the right point of—, vcre or reo>e 
judicare de alqd re. 

vigil, n. 1, see Watch ; 2. in church affairs, 
pervigilium; 3, see Eve. vigilance, D. vigi- 
lantia; see Care. vigilant, adj. + vigil, 
vigilant, iutentus, providvs, diligens. Adv. I 
la'nter, intents, diligentcr. 

vigour, n. vis (physical and mental, pi. vires\ 
robur, -Oris, n. (= physical strength), nervi, lacsrti 
(= nerve), vigor (= energy), vigorous, adi. 
valens. validus(= possessing physical strength), 
ttrenuHS, impiger, acer (ss energetic), vegdus( — 
fresh), ./trows, comb, firmus et robustus («.g. raf> 
miMicfc), valens et jinnw (e.g. civitas), robustus 
(= robust ; man, state, food), comb. rooiw<«« et 
valens (e.g. lwmo), lacertosus (= muscular, mau 
and animal), corpore vigens. corpore xahdus, cor- 
pore robusto (the first of youthfulness, the second 
of physical strength, the third of a stout, healthy 
body), fortis (= strong), acer (= eager); see 
Stronc, Energetic. Adv. fort iter, acrvter ; see 
Strongly, Eagerly. 



vil 



910 



voc 



vile, adj. abjectus, nequam, turpis, detestabilis, 
inquinatus, illiberal™, sordidus, foctlus. Adv. 
abjtxte, nequiter, turpiler, inquinatc, iUibcraliter, 
sord>de,foedc. viieness, n. turpitvdo, ncquilia, 
illiberalitas, foeditas ; see Depravity, vilify, 
v.tr. alqm ignominid afficcre; see Slander. 

villa, n. villa. 

village, n. pagus, vicus. villager, u. pa- 
ganus, vicanus, rusticus, agreslis. 

villain, n. 1, in Mediaeval Latin, *villanus ; 
2, homo scclestus, sceleratus, nefarius, nequam, 
flagitiosus, as a term of reproach, also scelus, 
-iris, n., ftagitium ; see Rogue, villanous, 
adj. scelestus, sceleratus, nefarius, nequam, flagitio- 
sus.- villany, n. 1, as disposition, see Wicked- 
ness ; 2, as act, scelus, -iris, n., /acinus, -oris, n., 
dedecus, -oris, n., consilium foedum, flagitium. 

vindicate, v.tr. a right, jus tencre, obiinere, 
retinere; one's character, sibi constare, a sc 
non desciscere ; to — one's liberty, se in. liberta- 
tem vindicare. vindication, n. see Defence. 
vindictive, adj. ulciscendi cupidus; a — spirit, 
ulciscendi or ultionis cupidito : Adv. use adj. 

vine, I. ii. vitis, labrusca (iritis) (= "wild — ) ; 
a small — , viticida. II. adj. vinearius (Col.), or 
by genit. of vitis; — dresser, vinitor; — yard, 
•evtvea, vinetmu, arbustum. vinegar, n. acelurn; 
— bottle, acetabulum; — leafj pa.mpinus, in. and 
f. Vinery, n. perhaps vites sub vitreis con- 
sitae. vinous, adj. vinosus (mostly post class.). 
vintage, n. vindemia, vindemiola, (small) ; to 
gather the — , vindemiare was or vin um (Plin). 
vintner, n. vinarius (ante and post class.). 

violate, v.tr. violarc, rumpere. violable, 
adj. t i-iolaoilis. violation, n. 1, violatio; 2, 
see Rape, violence, n. violentia, vis, ardor 
(of heat), fervor (of heat or passion), impotentia 
(= lack of restraint), acerbitas, morositas, immani- 
tas (all three of temper), (caeli) intemperies, 
(fiaeli, morbi, etc.) gravitas, aestus, -i7s(of a fever, 
etc.). violator, n. violator, ruptor. violent, 
adj. f violens, violenlus (= boisterous, of mind, 
etc.), acer, vehemens, impotens, gravis (of illness, 
weather, etc.); see Severe, Cruel. Adv. vio- 
lenter, acriter, vehementer, impotentcr, graviter. 

violet, I. n. viola, ion (Plin.); a V '. jf — s. 
violarium ; the colour, t viola. II. adj. viola- 
ecus, ianthinus (Plin.). 

Violin, n. fides, -ium, f. (e.g. to play oil the 
— . fidibus canere.) 

vipor, u. vipera (lit. and tig.), aspis, -idis, f. 

vii'ago, n. 1, = female •warrior, t virago, 
mvlier or virgo bellicosa, animosa, fortis ; 2,= 
quarrelsome woman, mnlier jurginsn. 

virgin, I. n. virgo. II. adj. t virgineus, 
virginalis (e.g. verecundia), virgo in app. to 

' noun (e.g. id ego virgo feci); — soil, terra, rudis 
(ante class.), virginity, n. virginitas. 

virile, adj. (e.g. age) virilis ; see Manly. 
virility, n. virilitas (Plin., Quint.). 

virtue, n. virtus, -litis, t., lavs (= praise- 
worthy condition), honestum, rectum (= what 
is right), honestas (= probity), sanctimonia 
( = guiltlessness), pudicitia ( = modesty of a 
woman, as her first — ) ; = efficacy, virtus, 
-utis, vis; to have — in anything, ad alqd aid 
prodesse; by — of, per with accus. or ex with 
fiblat. (e.g. he does it by — of his wealth, per 
opes or (ex) opibus hocfacit). virtual, adj. and 
adv. re non verba, virtuous, adj. virtute 
prr^editus or ornalus sanHus (= pleasing to God, 
or persons a\-d things), honestus, probus (•- up- 
right, of men), castas (= chaste); a — life, vita 
honesta or sancta. virtuoso, n. alcjs rei r-Hfex, 
alcjs rei pentissimvs. 



virulence, n. 1, vis, gravitas (e.g. morbi); 
see Poison* ; 2, fig. acerbitas, virus, n. viru- 
lent, adj. (gravis (e.g. climate, caelum); lig. 
acerbus ; see Bitter. Adv. graviter, accrbe. 

visage, n. see Face, Countenance. 

viscera, n. viscera, -um, exta,-orum. 

viscid, adj. t tenax, glutinosus(= sticky, like 
gl no, Col.); see Sticky. 

visible, adj. a(d)sp>cctaMlis, quod ccrni potest , 
quod a(d)spectu seulitiir, conspectus, conspicuus( = 
clear to be seen), c.qiressus (= clearly expressed, 
e.g. vestigia, indicia), cy>er/i'8(=open, opp. occul- 
lus, e.g. discord, simultas ; dolor), manifestus 
(= manifest), latens, occvltus (e.g. cacdes). Adv. 
manifesto; see Clearly", Evidently - , vision, n. 
(in optics) visus, -us, a(d)spectus, -lis, sensus, -its 
videndi, ccrnendi; an optical illusion, res objecta 
( = wliat appears to the eye, Cic), visns,-V£, visum, 
visio (— anything seen, a — in a dream), species 
(both awake and in a dream), simulacrum (= any- 
thing we fancy as resembling a certain thing). 
visionary, adj. opp. to real, inanis, fictus, 
vaults ; of character, fanaticus ( = enthusiastic), 
perhaps cogitationi deditus (= unpractical), by 
circumloc, see Dream, Image. 

visit, I. n. salutatio, sidutationis ojicium (in 
the Roman sense, of friends and clients in the 
morning); to come on a — , visendi caus(s)d 
venire; to accept the — of anyone, alqm ad- 
mittere; your — will be welcome to all, cams 
omnibus exspeetalusque venies. II, v.tr. alqm 
(iti)i'iserc or visitare, visendi caus(s)d venire 
(to see how anyone is), adirc, convenire alqm 
(in order to speak to or transact business 
with anyone), suluture alqm, salutatum or sidu- 
tandi caus[s)d. ad alqm venire, ad alqm salu- 
tandum venire (out of politeness, = to wait upon), 
obire, adirc, venire ad, etc., frequcntare ( = at- 
tend, as a school); to — a fair, obire nundinas; 
to go on a round of — s, — anyone's country- 
seats, obire villas suas ; (in a Scriptural sense) 
alqm urgerc, vexare, punire. visitation, n. (of 
Divine Providence) poena, visitor, n. salu- 
tans, splulator, qui visendi (ac salutandi) caus(s)d 
venit (oi veniunt)adalqm, hospes, -itis(= guest) ; I 
have — s, liabeo alqm inecum ; I have no — , solus 
sum, neminem mecum habeo ; I shall have many 
— s, multi ajiud mc erunt. 

visor, n. bucvtthi ( - cheek-piece) 

vista, n. prospectus, -lis; see View. 

visual, adj. (e.g. nerve) oculorum nervns. 

vital, adj. vital is( = belonging to life) ; =very 
important, maximi inomenti. Adv. maximi mo- 
menti; see Very, vitality, n. animus, vis 
vitalis; see Lipe. 

vitiate, v.tr. vitiare, corrumpcre. vitia- 
tion, n. corritptio, depravatio. 

vitreous, adj. vitreus. 

vitriol, n. * vitriolum. 

vituperate, v.tr. see Scold, vitupera- 
tion, n. vitupcratio, reprehensio. Vitupera- 
tive, adj. see Abusive. 

vivacious^ adj. vividus; see Active, Cheer- 
fcl. vivacity, n. vigor; see Liveliness, 
Cheerfulness, vivid, adj. see Lively - . 

viviparous, adj. — animals, besiiae quae 
parlum edunt (vivum). 

vixen, n. 1, = she-fox, wipes, -is; 2, =quar- 
reisome woman, mulier jurgiosa. 

vizier, n. cui summa imqierii delegat". est. 

vocabulary, n. index verborum (— list 
of words), verba, (nostra) (= abundance of 
words). 



voc 



911 



waf 



vocal, adj. vocal is ; — music, vocum, cantus, 
>us; — and instrumental music, vocum nervor- 
unique cantus. 

vocation, n. officium, partes, -ium, munus, 
■eris, u. 

vocative, n. casus, -us, vocativus (Gram.). 

vociferate, v.intr. vociferari. vocifera- 
tion, n. vociferatio. vociferous, adj. and 
adv. magno (cum) clamore. 

VOgue, u. to be in — , expeti (of what lias 
a sale), maris esse ( = to be the custom). 

voice, I. 11. vox ( = the faculty of uttering 
sounds ; then the sound produced), cantus, -us, 
(= song), sonus (= sound of the — and of musical 
instruments), vocis sonus; a clear — , dura vox 
(opp. vox obtusa), vox canora (opp. vox fusca) ; 
a high — , vox acuta (opp. vox gravis) ; with a 
loud — , clam voce, magna voce ; to raise the — , 
attollere sonum ; to lower the — ,submitterevocem; 
the general — , omnium consensus, -its, con- 
sensus puhlicus ; there is but one — , omnes uno 
ore in alqd re consentiunt ; in Gram, a verb in 
the active, passis'e— , verbum activum, passivum. 
II. v.tr. see Utter. 

void, I. adj. 1, see Empty ; 2, lacking any- 
thing, vacuus (ab) alqd re, carens alqd re, egens 
alcjs rei or alqd re ; — of, inops alcjs rei or alqd 
re, privatus or spoliatus alqd re. II. n. inanitas, 
inane, vacuitas, vacuum. III. v.tr. see Empty, 
v.tr., Vacate. 

volatile, adj. volaticus (lit. and fig.) ; fig. (of 
anyone's character, levis, mobilis (opp. constant). 
volatility, n. (of fluids, etc.) by fugere ; tig. 
leoitas, ingenium mobile, animus levis, vanitas, 
mobilitas (ingenii or animi, o\>\>. constautia), 
comb, mobilitas et levitas animi. 

volcano, n. mons e cuju-s vertice ignes erum- 
punt, or mons flammas eructans. volcanic, 
adj. flammas eructans, ignes or flammcus evo- 
mens. 

volition, n. voluntas. 

volley, n. tormenta, -orum, emissa; — of 
words, flumen or turba (inanium) vcrborum. 

voluble, adj. see Fluent. 

volume, n. = book, or division of book, 
liber, volumen (= a roll of parchment), pars (as a 
part) ; — of smoke, etc., t volumen, or by noun 
with or without adj. (e.g. fumus, = smoke, aqua 
= water), voluminous, adj. by mult us (e.g. 
he has left —writings on this, multa or plurima 
lie hdc re reliquit). 

voluntary, adj. volunlarius, volens (opp. 
coactus), non coactus, lion invitus, or by sjxintc 
(med, etc.). Adv. (med, etc.) voluntate, sponte 
(= of one's own accord), comb, sua sponte et 
voluntate, ultro ( = without being asked), vol- 
unteer, I. n. voluntarius (miles); — s, (militcs) 
■voluntarii. II. v.iutr. voluntate facerc alqd; of 
soldiers, nomen (pi. of several, iwmina) dare. 

voluptuous, adj. voluptarius, libidinosus, 
ad voluptates propensus, voluptatibus or rebus 
venereis dedilus, impudicus (= unchaste), deli- 
catus (= effeminate), voluptuousness, n. 
voluptas, libido, or in the pi. libidines. 

vomit, I. n. vomitus, -us, vomitio (both of the 
act and the matter thrown up ; mostly post 
class.). II. v.tr. and intr. (e)vomere, vomitart 
(frequently or much, Col. Seu.). 

voracious, adj. edax, cibi avidus, gulosus 
(who is always eating), vorax (lit. and fig.). 
Adv. avide (lit or fig.), voracity, a edacitas, 
cibi aviditas, voracitas. 

yortex. u. vertex, turbo, 



votary, n. (con)secratus, taut \— sacred, a* 
belonging to the gods), iu a gen. sense, admira- 
tor, studiosus alcjs or alcjs rei ; a — of any 
science, by alci rei se tradire. vote, I. u. 
sententia (in gen. = opinion ; — of the sci 
of the judge and the people), suffragium (of a 
citizen in thecomitia; also of the voting tablet), 
j)H/i'.'(«»t( = the vote which a candidate gained In 
thecomitia), tabella ( = voting tablet) ; toobtain 
the greatest number of —8 in a tribe, binge 
plurima in alqd tribu puncta ferrt (Cic.) ; the 
right to a — , suffragium, or jus suffragii. II. 
v.intr. scntentiam ferre (e.g. of a judge), in sen- 
tentiam alcjs discedere ( = to go over to another's 
opinion), suffragium ferre (by single individuals 
among the people in the comitia), in suffragium 
ire or suffragium inire (of the people iu the 
comitia); censere, decernire, jubire(o( the formal 
decrees of the senate) ; to — for any one's opinion, 
in sentenliam pede or (of several) pedibns ire; to 
— for anyone, suff'ragari alci (ad »iiiumi)(wlien 
anyone applies for a post); for anything, suffra- 
gari alci rei (also llg. = to approve, e.g. ndrjs 
consilio). voter, n. suffragator ( = one who 
votes in favour of anyone), qui suffragium fcrt 
(who gives a vote), qui suffragium habet (who 
has the right of voting), voting-tablet, n. 
tabella (iu gen.), suffragium (in the comitia). 

votive, adj. votivus(e.S- ludi). 

vouch, I. v.tr. asseverate, testari, affirmart, 
confirmare, adjurare (e.g. with accus. and intin., 
= swear that a thing is so). II. v.intr. testificari 
(but o! ten with accus.); to — for anything, by 
praestare alqd or de alqd re (e.g. iluiuimra, pen- 
culum), alqd in se recipere, spondcre futurum ut, 
etc. voucher, n. 1, see Witness ; 2, see 
Receipt, vouchsafe, v.intr. conctdere. 

VOW, I. n. voluvi, voti sponsio or ni(>u.ujx<tio 
(in the presence of proper witnesses), devotio 
alcjs rei (e.g. vitae) ; reliqio(= duty, constraint, 
etc. imposed by a vow). II. v.tr. (de) 
alqd alci (also with fut inlln.); — to do any I 
spondere, promiltere se alqd factum.: 
Promise, Undertake. 

vowel, n. lit(t)era voculis. 

voyage, I. n. navigatio, cursits, -**. II. 
v.inn. luu-igare; see Sail, Travel. 

vulgar, adj. vulgaris (belonging to the 
mass), ]ilebeius ( =peculiar to the plcbs, plebeian), 
illibcralis, sordidus, rusticus ; see Ride. Adv. 
Uliberaliter, sordide, rustice, more rustic, vul- 
garism, n. sermo vulgaris, vulgarity, n. 
see Rudeness. 

vulnerable, adj. qui (qua*, quod) wlnerari 
potest. 

vulpine, adj. vulpinus (Plin.). 

vulture, n. vultur(ius) Git. and tig.), milvus. 



w. 

wabble, v.intr. vacillare (both lit and fig.). 
wabbling, n. vacillatio. 

wad, V tr. to — a dress, vesti xylinum (= 
cotton, Plin.) insuere. wadding, n. lyhnum 
vestibus insuendum. 

waddle, v.intr. anatis in moditm xncedire. 

wade, v.intr. (through a river, etc.), vado 
transiraalqm locum. 

wafer, n. 1, in the eucharist, panis unae 
sacrae; 2, for fastening letters, cera or ngnuxti 
(;= seal). 



waf 



912 



wai 



waft, v.tr. sublime ferre, 

wag, I. v.tr. movere, quassarc ; see Shark; 
— the tail, caudam movere. II. n. homo jo- 
cosus, jocvlator. waggery, 11. joca, -orum, 
/need".', waggish, adj. jocosus. 

wage, v.tr. bcllum gerire cam alqo ; — war; 
see War. wager, I. ti. s2wnsio ; to lay a — , 
$l<onsio»emJacere cum alqo. J I. v.intr. see Bet. 
wages, n. merces, -idis, {., stipendium. 

waggle, v.tr. and intr. see Wao. 

wagon, n. plaustrum, vehiculum, currus, -iis. 
wagoner, n. plaustri ductor. 

wagtail, i). motacilla. 

waif, ii. of persons, inops, egens ; of tilings, 
ubjectus. 

wall, Z. v.intr. tfangere; see Lament. II. 
u. planctus, -iis; see Lamentation. 

wain, n. plaustrum. 

wainscot, n. paries, -etis, m. 

waist, n. corpus, -oris, a., medium, waist- 
band, u. see Belt, waistcoat, n. thorax 
laneits (= under — of wool (Suet.) worn by in- 
valids), subucula (worn under the tunic). 

wait, v.intr. manere; to — for, opperiri, 
ex(s)pectare, <xlqm or alqd, praeatolari alci or alqm, 
vulture alqm (so esp. of late, etc., awaiting any 
one, but not with accus. in Cic. or Caes.), or 
ihim al'js adveniat ; to — on, alci famulari (so 
viinistmre alci jjocufa) ; = to salute, salutare 
tdqiH, alqm salutatum venire. 

Wait, n. 1, lie in — ; see Ambush ; 2, a 
nightly musician, qui node Jidibus canit. 
waiter, n. 1, famulus (in the house), minister 
(who assists in any certain thing), puer (= boy) ; 
2, see Tray, waiting, n. 1, = delay, etc. ; 
tnora, ex(s)peetatio, mansio, comma ratio; 2, at 
table, etc., ministerium ; 3, = calling, salutatio; 
lord, lady in — , by vnns (una) ex eis qui circa 
alqm sunt; see Attendance. waitress, 
waiting-maid, U. fdmula, ministra, ancilla 
(= servant). (N.B. Waiting at table in Roman 
times was carried on by men). 

waive, v.tr. alqd concedere, de alqd re de- 
cider e, 

wake, I. v.tr. exsvscitare, expergejacere (e 
somno), excitare (e somno), (ex)sHscitare (e) somno. 
II. v.intr. excitari, etc. III. n. pervigilium 
(funebre). wakeful, adj. vigil, + exsomnis, 
+ insomnis. wakefulness, n. insomnia, vigi- 
lantia, vigilia. 

walk, I. v.intr. ire (in gen., also for plea- 
sure, e.g. ibam forte via sacra, Hor.), gradi, 
ingredi (in a quiet manner), inccderc (sometimes 
— affectedly or majestically), ccdere ; to — 
about, deambulure (till one is tired, e.g. in lit- 
ore), inambularc (up and clown in a place, e.g. 
in gymnasia), obnmbulare alci loco ; in front of 
the rampart, ante Valium; in the fields, in 
herbU ; spatiari (for exercise, in alqo loco), to — 
out, take a — , besides the preceding general 
terms, more particularly by ire or abirc (de)am- 
bidatum, delectntionis caus(s)d ambulate (up and 
flown a little, etc.) ; to — (opp. to ride, etc.) on 
a journey, pedilms ire, venire, iter face re, vedibvi 
■incedere. II. n. 1, = the act or state of — ing, 
(de)amhulatio, inambulatio, itio ; 2, = manner 
of — ing, invessvs, -us, ingressus, -us; 3, to take 
a — , olqo ire ; to go for a — , (de)ainbuhUnm ire; 
to go for a — to any one's houso, viamfacere ad 
alqm; for pleasure or exercise, ambulatio (as act, 
thtnas the place along which we walk), inambu- 
latio; a short — , amhulat iuncnlafactand place) ; 
= avenue, ambulacrum (= planted with trees ; 
ante and post class.), xystus (= alley, Vitr.); 
".overed — , tecta ambidatio or ambula'Jiincula. 



walker, n. (inasc. and fern.), qui, quae (de)- 
ambidat, ambulator (fern, ambulatrix, who makes 
a business of it, e.g. villicus ambulator esse non 
debet, Col. ; villica ne sit ambulatrix, Cato do 
R. R.). walking, n. see Walk, II. 1. 

wall, I. n. munis, moenia, -ium(= walls of a 
city), maceria (of clay, etc., as a fence round 
gardens, farmyards, vineyards, parks, etc.), 
varies, -clis, m. (= party — , partition in a 
building, house), projnignacula, -orum, n. ( — 
bulwarks) ; the ruins of an old — , parietinae. 
II. v.tr. muro cingere or circumdare, munire 
(= to fortify). 

Wallet, n. pera (Mart.), saccus, mantica. 
wallow, v.intr. — in the mire, in Into (lit. 
and fig.), volutari. 
walnut, n. juglans ; — tree, jvglans, 
wan, adj. pallidus ; see Palei 
wand, n. virga; see Rod, Staffi 

Wander, v.intr. vttffctri, palari, errare, per- 
vgre ablre (= to gc i broad), peregrinari (= to 
travel abroad) ; to — over any place, alqm locum 
pcrvagari ; to — from the subject, decrrare, otpA 
rare (ab) alqd re; to — from (in a moial sense), 
de via decedert (all = to stray from the right 
path) ; to — in mind, Uelirare. wanderer, n. 
erro, peregrinator (abroad), wandering, adj. 
1, errabundus, vagus; 2, fig. neglegens (= inat- 
tentive), delirus (= crazy). 

wane, v.intr. dccvesccre (of the moon, day, 
etc.), senescere (of the moon, and fig. of life, 
praise, etc.) ; 6ee Decrease, DeclinEi 

want, I. n. = deficiency, peiiurla, opp. copia, 
generally with genit), Miopia (with genit), egestas 
(= destitution), desiderium (= the — of a thing 
previously possessed), defectio, defectus, -iis (the 
latter rare, except in Plin.), difficultas, an- 
gustiae; by compounds (e.g. — of temperance, 
intemperantia ; inertia (of activity) ; to be in 
— of anything, alqd re carcre (in gen. — not 
to have a thing), alqd re egere, indigere (= to 
feel the lack of), alcjs rei inopid laborare, 
premi, or simply ab afqd re laborare, alqd re 
premi (= to be pressed for it) ; to come to — , 
ad inopiam venire; to sutler — , to live in 
poverty, vitam inopem colere, in egestate esse 
or versari. II. v.intr. alqd alci deesse (of 
whnt we should have), abesse (when we do not 
feel the — , e.g. hoc unum ille, si nihil utilitatis 
habe.at, abfuit; si opus erat, deficit, Cic), deficcre 
(= to be short of anything) ; alqd abalqo desiderari 
(of what we do not like to miss) ; 1 shall not be 
— ing, (alci) non deero. III. v.tr. 1, = to requite, 
egere alqd re, seldom abjs rei, indigere alqd re 
or alcjs rei, opi/s or usus est alqd re (when it 
would be uselul), desiilerare alqd, requirrre alqd ; 
I — so and so, carta alqd re(= I have not got it), 
egeo alqd re (I should like to have it), deficit viihi 
alqd or deficit me alqd (= it has left me, i.e. I am 
short of it), alqd van suppetit (= it is not sulli- 
cient); I — nothing further, nihil ultra flayiio; 
see Lack ; 2, = wish ; see Wish, wanting, 
adj. by deesse ; see Want, 1 1. 

wanton, I. adj. e.g. boys, fasciitis (in play), 
protervns, pctulans (= bold) ; grown — by pros- 
perity, superbus(e.g. in fortund),dis$olutus(= dis- 
solute), intemjKrans (= indulging in sensuality), 
effrenntus (= licentious); — injuries, injuriac, 
ultro factue. Adv. ultra (=witliout provocation), 
lascive, petulanter, proterve, dissolute, intemper-. 
anter, efi'renate. II. v.intr. lasiivire, lascivum, 
etc., esse; see above, wantonness, n. lasci- 
via, petulantia, protervitas, intemperantia. 

war, I. n. bellum ( = — by land, b. terrvstre;- 
by sea, navale ; civil, intestine, intestinum, do- 
mesticum, civile ; with the Gauls, Gallicum; with 



war 



913 



wat 



slaves, servile; for life and death, InHmecinum), 
(if»io,-orwm(»arm8),7»ii{Wa(= military service, 

strategy), (inniildu, -««( = outbreak in provinces, 

or cl<"s'e at lupine), t Mars (poet., except in 
phrases meo, suo, etc., Marte); in — , {in) hello; 
in time of — , belli tempore ; in — and in peace, 
ilomi bellique or belloque, domi militiaeque; 
to seek an occasion for - , bellum quaerere; 
to cause or stir up — , bellum movcrc, concilare, 
txcitare, ciere ; to carry on a —,bellare, bellum 
gerere, against, c«»i alqo ; see Arms, Military, 
Soldier. II. v.intr. bellare, bellum genre ; see 
above, war-cry, n. clamor, bellious ; to raise 
tlifi — , efomorem tollcre. warfare, n. see War, 
I. war-horse, n. cquus mititaris or (W- 
lutor, or simply equus. warlike, adj. mili- 
turis (e.g. inerat in co habitus chilis vcre ric 
militaris), bcllicosus, ferox (= inclined to war), 
belliger (= martial), warrior, n. miles. 

V/arble, v.tr. canere. warbling, n. can- 
tus, -us. 

ward, I. v.tr. to — off a blow, in fencing, 
idiim (or petitioilem) vitare, cavcre, cavcre Ct pro- 
putsure, also simply cavere, vitare (with the 
sword), ietum dedinare, petUionetA decliitulione 
corporis effugcre, also silnply ictUm effugere (by 
turning); fig. crmovcre, depellere, repellcre, pro- 
pcllere, propuhare, arcere, avertere, defendtre 
{alqd, from anyone, ab alqo or alcjs), deprecan 
(by entreaties, e.g. a se calamitatem). II. n. 

1, = quarter of a town, regio, viffus (as fcts. both 
prob. post Aug.) ; 2, s= custody, custodier, car- 
ver, -iris, n. ( = prison); see Custody ; 3, = a 
lninor, pupillus, pupilla ; 4, - part of a key, 
cktvis dens. Warden, warder, n. ctwtoa. 
wardrobe, n. vestiarium (= place and the 
carmen ts together, Plin., Col.), ml is, vestimenta, 

onnn (= garments in gen.), wardship, n. 
tutela; see Guardianship. 
Ware, n. 1, mew ; see Goods, Merchandise ; 

2. see Pottery, warehouse, I. n. horreum, 
receptaculum mercium, cella (= stores), apotheca. 
II. v.tr. condere. 

warm, I. adj. aAidus (opp. frigidus); — 
water cal(i)da ; a — desire, desiderixtm ardent 
or flagrant; luke- -, tepidus ; to be - caiere ; 
to become -, calescere, calefien. II. v.tr. cede- 
fucere, tepefacere ( = to make tepid), fovere (by the 
heat of the body), warming-pan, n. vu 
exMlfactorium. warmth, n. calor (e.g. solis , 
flit, in Quint,, Plin. esp., dicent is,duxndi), fir- 
vor (lit and tig.), tepor (lit); he speaks with 
— , iivius dicit. 

warn v.tr. (pme)jnon?re or admonere alqm 
ut (or ne)! warning, n. («d)mo.ulio(the act), 
monitus, -us (= - from heaven, by oracles, etc. , 
(od)monitum (= notice given), exemplum, dotu- 
mentum (= example); to listen to a -, audin 
or facere ea quae alqs sapientermonuit , to take 
anything as a -, habere alqd siH documento , to 
take anyone as a -, exemplum sibi ta&n de 
alqo ; of a master, perhaps mteum (missam) 
facere (mctaph. from dismissing snldiers, OB 
the Roman servants were slaves, wmdfre may be 
used at times) ; of a servant's -, ofci rcnuntauc 
or ab alqo discedere or abire (= leave). 

warp I. n. (in manufacture) stamen. II. 
v intr. (of wood, etc.) pandare, pandarU 111. 
v.'tr. of wood, pandu-m facere, fig. torque*; see 
Distort. 

warrant, I. v.tr. to - an officer, etc., ala 
copiam dare or potestatem facere to do a thing, 
alcjs rei facienfae ; to a purchaser PJ^ar 
alqd or de alqa re, to anyone, aid; to feel -e<i 
in anything, mag nam fiduciam alcjs rei habere, 
?™\o" meherc{u)le, medius Julius; see also 
Promi^'unpsexake.' l|, n. (a written insttu- 



•ncnt, In gen.), iiurtnritus (also in the pi.), po<«*- 

tas, mandotttm, or bv aucCor (eg. I * '" r,: . 

un ier the — of Caesar), warrantable, a.lj. 
qwoti asouaari potest ; see Allow, warranty. 

n. mtisdntio ; see Guarantee. 



warren, n. leporariim (Var.). 

warrior, n. see under Wau. 

wart, n. verruca; covered with — s, verru- 
cosus. 

wary, a(, J- consideratus, cautus. wariness, 
n. cuutt'o, circumspedlo. 

wash, I. v.tr. lavarc.ubluere; to — spots out .>f 
a garment, maculasvestiseluere. II. v.intr. lavun. 
III. n. 1, lavatio ; to take a -, !«"«".• 2, = 
ointnicnt,/uci(3; — hand-basin, uijualii(PIaut.) ; 
—handstand, abacus ; —house, vella in qua 
linlca lavantur; —tub, labrum eliuicrum (Cat'i . 
washerwoman, midier (or where possible, servu) 
quae lintea lavat. 

wasp. n. Mspo. waspish, adj. t mordax; 
sec Irritable. 

waste, I. v.tr. vantare, {de}]x>pulari, pcrpofm- 
lari (=to lay-), see Destroy; comunurr, 
abtumerc, conficere (all of sorrow, disease, etc) , 
= to squander, ditaipart, perdirt, profundert, 
effundire, exedere{= to eat away, lit. and tig.) , to 
— time, tempus perdirt ; see Spend. II. v-mtr. 
e a the body, (con )tabetcere (e.g. moroo, rf&tideno), 
nmsumi, con^ct. III. a. 1, = lonely place, vat- 
titas, solihtdo, loca deterta or deterta, -onuu, 2. 
of expenditure, sumptus effnti or profusi ; J. 
in manufactures, raiaeata, -omm, (oi metals, 
etc.), acoWa (= sawdust or nlings); 4, = loss m 
cen iadura, damnum; see Loss; 5, fig. moral 
Lby special nouns (e.g. - of energy, '«'«»J«- 
rantia ; of time, inertia [= azines.J). IV. adj. 

(e " country) vastus, incultus (opp. Bllru*, 09*- 
SiS's, of the Held), comb, desertus el tnrttu. or 
tncuHus et desertus (e.g. so!i<m). wasteful, adj. 
profusus, effusus (of persons ami things), pro- 
diqus (usu of persons). Adv. profuse efluse, 
pfodige. wastefulness, n.pro/uj.o ejTwto; 
see Waste, III. 2- waste-book, n. adver- 
saria, -orum. 
watch I. n. 1, - a watching, ejwiibiae, 

vtgm? to keep-, vigilare ; 2. mlliUry tern. 

men set to -, vigilia (e.g. rwiJ«u poii««, ■ = •> 

set a -), *ta«o (of Mn «"^'^ t (? e t )l f m J « I * 
tores (= sentinels), teeubiae (Tac), a —man, 
v%l (regular term for city policeman in Impenal 
Rome) ; 3. a division of time, vxgdux (e.g. F'J™'. 
Dcundd vigilia, = in the first, second, etc. There 
5SJS _es in tiie night) ; 4, ^f f ^W^J& 
rofoniiniiixiri-Klum; seeCLOCK. II. \.i nti. (pti> 
,' «• /, •«■ ewubore ; to - till late at night, ad m u - 
Z noctem de ,nult& node ; = to lie obwrvant. 
nl entumesse III. v.tr. 1,= tonbserve, alqd <i er , 
S S en^^e( = tohavein r v,, S 
«u/oror« ( = to examine); see Observe Examine. 
9 - toeuard, oMafodira; see Guard ; to —for, 
fk^> evttre, opperiri(a!qm, or alqd} I a r, («W^ 
(i„ '/mbush, then metaph ... gen.) ; to - a. p- 
iiortunlty. ocawio.ieia mptare; to - o^-/"' 1 

},;/,„ obmvan. watchnro.n. ,!,..... watoh- 
ful adl tn't7«, BfffUlW* Ad\- tiffim m e. 
watchfulness, n. vigilanlia^ n^ja; seea Uo 

permit. . , __.. 

r „... r T n aava (plur. a-juae of a larger 
n^^alsoofmXinal springs), t "«.£»»■ 
Ska and y, t unda ; running - , «,««««., /^ 
town; fresh -, Muo duicis: salt- -, <W«» 



wat 



914 



wea 



salsa ;sea — , aqua marina; rain--^, aqua pluvia- 
tilis, aqua caelestis ; to go for, fetch — , upturn 
petere, aquatum ire, aquari (in a larger quantity, 
i.e. of soldiers for the army) ; to lay tinder — , 
irrigate (e.g a field), inundare (= to 'inundate) ; 
by land and — , terrd marique ; to travel by — , 
navigare; prov., still — s run deep, altissima 
quaequs ftumina minimo sono labuntur (Curt.); 
ths — under the skin, aqua intercus( = dropsy) ; 
= urine, urina; = colour of a diamond, splen- 
dor; — -bearer, in gen., aquarius, in tlte army, 

aqualor, = a sign of the zodiac, Aquarius ; 

bottle, ampulla, lagena; — butt, -cask, dolium ; 

— clock, clepsydra; — closet, latrina, sella fa- 
miliar ica; — -colour, pigmentum aqua clilutum; 
— fall, aqua ex editodesiliens(P\in. ) ; — fowl, avis 
aqyatica (Plin.). II. adj. atptatilis, aquarius ; — 
animals, aquatilia, -ium, pi. III. v.tr. and 
intr. irrigare (figure) ; see also Sprinkle, Mix; 

' it makes my teeth or my mouth — , salivam 

miM alqd movet (Sen.), watering, n. aqua- 

' tio( = fetching of — , or by verb, e.g. aqua-turn ire) ; 

— of plants, by aqua conspergere ; place (of 

inland places, i.e. mineral springs), aquae; 
of seaside, circumloc. with maritimus (e.g. 

oppidum maritimum) ; pot, hydria, urceus; 

see Jak. waterproof, adj. aquae vi resistens. 
watersnake, n. hydrus. waterspout, n. 1, 
fislida (=waterpipe); 2, = sheet ot water, ty- 
phon (Plin.). waterworks, n. aquaeductus, 
■us (=an aqueduct, the nearest class, equiva- 
lent to our— ). watery, adj. aqualilis (Plin., 
= having a — taste), aquosus (= abounding in 
water). 

■wattle, I. n. 1, = hurdle, crates, -is, f. ; 2, 
of a cock, palea. II. v.tr. contexcre ; see Weave. 

wave, I. n. unda, fluctus, -us. II. v.tr. 
agitare, jactare, t rotare. III. v.iutr. undare, 
fluctuare, ifluitare, agitari, jactari. 

waver, v.intr. fluctuare (animi or animo), 

dubitare ; see Hesitate, waverer, n (homo) 

inconstans, incertus. wavering, n. inconstan- 

tia, animus incertus or dubius or suspentus, du- 

. bitatio. 

wax, n. cera ; to mould in — , e cerd fingcre ; 

— candle, — light, cereus. waxen, adj. cereus. 
wax, v.intr. crescere; see Grow. 

way, n. rm(lit. and flg.),ifer,-Mieris,n.(=th3 

going from one place to another, hence a march), 
aditus, -us ( = access), cursus, -Us ( = the direction 
or course), semita(= a small way, a path) , frames, 
-itis, m. (=a subordinate way running along be- 
side the highway, afoot-road or path), caUis(=a 
hilly road), deverticulum (=a side road leading off 

from the chiefor high road), ?n«af?(s,-"s(post Aug. 
= a channel or course), limes, -itis, m. (= a boun- 
dary path or line), angiportus, -its ( = a narrow — 
or street between two rows of houses), ratio ( = 
rlan or manner), mos (= custom, e.g. in the — of 
the Romans, More Romanorum), consilium, insti- 
tutum ( = plan) ; a straight — or path, via recta; 
a short — , compendiaria (most often fig., with 
quasi, e.g. via ad gloriam proxima et quasi 
compendiaria, Cic), compendium viae ; when 
there are two — s, bivium; three, trivium; four, 
quadrivium; — there is none, avia, -orum; by- 
— s iter devium; out of the — , avius, remotus 
(lit.), reconditus, exquisitus (fig.) ; to go the 
direct — or road, redd vid ire; on the — , inter 
viam, ex ilinere ; to make — , see Progress ; 
to form a — or plan, rationem inire ; to get 
out of the — , de via decedere alci, alcjs con- 
gres&um fugere; — s and means, opes, -urn, f. 
( = resources), ratio (=plan); by the — , in 
passing (of a speaker), strictim ( = cursorily), ut 
hoc dicam; see Road; to get under — (of a 
ship), absolvi, ancord (ancoram.) solvere, way- 
farer, n. viator, waylay, v.tr. alci insi- 



diuri or insidias Jait.re. waysido, n. and 
adj. ad viam. wayward, adj. see Wilful, 
F.ckle. 

we, pron. nos ; — ourselves, lios (pet, nosmet 
)>si ; frequently not expressed. 

weak, adj. tenuis (= thin, opp.cmssus ; then 
fig-i e.g. sonus, spes), etilis( = line, e.g. vox, Qui ut. ), 
parvus, ezifiruns (=inconsiderable), levis (of what 
cannot be maintained, opp. gravis, e.g. argu- 
mentnm), imbecillusQuteimbecillis, = —in bodily 
strength or mind) ; a — head, ingenium imbecil- 
lum ; infirmus (of one who can stand nothing) 
debilis ( = frail, opp. robustus), invalidus (opp. 
validus), enerTOto(=unnerved, with vclut before 
it, also of the state), languidus, j)ie«( = sluggish) 
mollis ( = effeminate), fractus(= broken), confictns 
(=worn out, of a man and his body), neoes(=dnll, 
opp. ace r, e.g. sight, hearing, memory), weakly, 
I. adv. tenuiter, exiliter, exigue, imbecille, in- 
finite, molliier. II. adj. see Weak, weaken, 
v.tr. imbecillum or infirmum(e.g.stomachum) red- 
den, debilitare (lit. and tig., e.g. anyone's ragc\ 
delumbare (fig., e.g. an idea; very rare), enec- 
it(re(=to unnerve), infirmare (lit., to make loose 
what was lirm ; then fig., to — a thing, e.g. 
fidem testis), attenuare, extenuare (lit., to make 
thin, = to diminish in geu.), (com)minuere(= to 
lessen), frangerc (lit., = to break), hebetare, ob- 
iundere(— to make dull), labefactare (= to shake, 
lit. and fig.), weakening, n.debilitatio,infruc- 
tio, deminutio, imminutio, or by verb, weak- 
ness, n. tenuitas (opp. crassitudo, e.g. of a 
thread), exilitas (e.g. in dicendo), imbecillitas, 
injirmitas (of body and mind), debilitas (of body 
and mind), virium defectio, languor, levitas (of 
arguments, etc.), vifium, error ( -fault). 

weai, n. the public — , salus publica, rcs- 
publica. 
weal, n. = mark on the body, vibex. 

wealth, n. res secundue or prosperae or flo- 
rentes, divitiae, opes, -um, pi., copia (esp. with 
genit., e.g. rei familiuris), abundant ia alcjs 
rei, opulentw, wealthy, adj. bene numma- 
tus, pecuniosus, copiis rei familiuris locuphs et 
pecuniosus, opulentus, opu.lens, copiosus. 

wean, v.tr. 1, iinfantem lacte depellae, a 
uiatre prohibcre ; 2, fig., alqm alqd dedoccrc. 

weapon, n. arma, -orum, u., telum. 

wear, I. v.tr. 1, = to waste, (wit) (ut)!crcre 
or deserere ; very much, contererc (e.g. librum 
legendo); 2, = to have on the body, gercre, 
gesture, indutum esse alqd re, indui alqd re, orna- 
turn esse alqd re (as ornament), (suc)ci actum esse 
alqd re, ut ialqd re ( = to make use of), tractarealqd 
( = to handle, e.g. arma); to — the toga, togatum 
esse ; to — away or out, see before, also Con- 
sume. II. v.intr. vsu attcri or deieri; to — otf, 
evancsccre. III. n. usus, -us(e.g. margaritarum}: 
to stand — and tear, of things, vsu non oT 
tritum esse, of persons, omnia fortiter perferre. 
wearing, n. usus, -vs; — apparel, i-estimentum. 
worn, adj. usu detritus (F\in., of a garment); 

— out (= hackneyed), contritus, obsolelus (often 
used, and hence old, e.g. vestis, fig. verba) ; — 
out (= tired out), (de)fatigatus, lassus, fessus; 
with illness, wounds, etc., morbo, vulneribus, 
etc., confectus or fractus. 

weary, I. adj. 1, = fatigued, (de)fatigatus, 
lassus, fessus ; 2, = disgusted with, by taedet or 
pertaesum est alqm alcjs rei. II. v.tr. alqm 
(de)fatigare ; = — with, alqm obtundere ; 
see Bore. III. v.intr. by taedet or per- 
taesum est alqm alcjs rei. weariness, n. 1, 

— fatigue, (de)fatigatio, lassitudo; 2, fig. toe- 
dinm. wearisome, adj. longus, laboriosus, 

weasel, n. mnstela.- 



wea 



915 



who 



weather, I. n. caelum, caeli stains, -us, tcm- 
pestas (good or bad) ; fine, clear — , tempestas 
bona or screna, caelum Slldum or sere a u m ; 
dry — , siccitas ; to depend upon the — , to be 
guided by the — , by tempestatis rationem habere ; 

— cock, gallus a.(h)cneus ; — wise, caeli muta- 
tionum peritus. II. v.tr. 1, lit. alqm locum 
circumrehi; 2, i\g. superure ; — a storm, vim 
tempestatis pcrferre. 

weave, v.tr. (cun)texcre (lit. and tig.). 
weaver, n. textor. web, n. tectum, texture, 
tela; — footed, quibus pedes ad nandum accom- 
modate sunt. 

wed, v.tr. see Marev. wedlock, n. see 
Marriage, wedding, n. see Mabriaoe; 

— day, dies nuptiarum ; to lix the — day, diem 
tiuptiis dicere. 

wedge, I. ii. cuncus ; — shaped, cuneatus ; 
seats in the theatre in • — shape, cunei; troops 
drawn up in — shape, cuneus. II. v.tr. cuneare ; 

— together, see Crowd. 
Wednesday, n. * dies Mercurii. 

weed, I. n. herba inutilis or iners. II. v.tr. 
(e)runcare. 

weed, n. = garment, vestis; in — sofpeae-=- 
(cives) togali ; widows' — s, viduarum mure 
vestita. 

week, n. septem dierum spatium, septem dies 
or hebdomas ; one — , septem dies ; a fort- 
night, quindecim dies (Caes.). week-days, n. 
dies profesti (opp. dies fasti), dies negotiosi (Tac., 
opp. diessacri). weekly, adj. by circumluc. 
(e.g. — wages, mcrces quae iu s'uigulas hebdo- 
wades habentur). 

weep, v.intr. and tr. lacrimare or lacrimiri, 
Uterinum fundere ( = to shed tears), (de)plorare 
(loudly), lamentari (of sustained weeping), eju- 
lare (pitifully, e.g. of female mourners), 
vagire (of little children) ; — over anything, alci 
rei illacrimare or illacrinutri. weeping, n. 
fletim, -us, Uterinum (=tears), ploratus, ejulatus, 
vagitus (all -us), lamentatio. 

weevil, n. curculio. 

weigh, I. v.tr. 1, (cx)pendirc, perpendcre, 
examinarc ; 2, flg. (ex)peiidere, perpendcre, pon- 
derc.re, examinare (e.g. tjuddam populari trutind 
examinari, Cic.), considerare cum or in anhnn, 
secttm reputare, mente agitare or volularc ; — 
deeply, multa (etiamatqueeliam) secttm reputare; 

— down, opprimSre (lit. and tig.). II. v.intr. 
pondo pcadere or pondo valcre with aec. of the 
weight; to — heavily, magni jmidcris esse; to 

— ten pounds, decent librae cxplerc. weight, 
n. pondus, -eris, n., gravitas, momentum (lit. 
and lig. ; e.g. terrae, armorum) ; sec Im- 
portance, Pressure, weighty, adj. gran's 
(lit. and lig.). Adv. gravitcr (lit. and tig.). 

weir, n. moles, -is, f., agger, -eris, in. (= dam), 
cateracta (KarappanTtis = sluice lock, Plin. Min.). 
welcome, I. adj. aceepius, gratus, ex(s)pcc- 
talus, exoptatus; to bid — , alqm salvere jubco, 
benigne tdqmexvipcrc ; you will be — to all, cants 
omnibus cx(s)pectatusquc venies; be — , salve. II. 
ii. salutatio. III. v.tr. salutare alqm, benigne 
alqm acvipere. IV. interj. salve (pi. salretc). 
welfare, n. salus, -iitis, f., ineolumilas (= 
safetv), bonum (= anyone's interests, or of a 
thing), felieitas (= happiness) ; to try to pro- 
mote anyone's — , alcjs commodis or ulilitatibus 

' servire, alcjs mluti prospkerc, consulere, scrvire. 
well, I. sdv. bene, recte ; very — , optime, 

' pnteclare ; as exclamation, esto ! (expressing 
consent), bene! recte! pulc(h)re! (acclamation); 
very — ! 511am maxime I (general exclama- 
tion), ita est! (in reply); — then! age ! recte 
vero! to take a thing — , alqd in bonam par- 



tem nccipere ; to do — , bene or recte Jacirt of 
agere or gerere rem. II. adj. salvus, tonus, in- 
• . p 1 " be — , (bene, commode, or recte) 
valerc, belli ilc(h)rc, bene (»<) h 

t<> gi I — , co nved escire ; not to bo — , male u 
wcllarTocted, adj. bcntculut erga 
alqm. well-being, n. talus, -Mis, f., bona 
valetiido. well-born, adj. nobtilt; 
well-bred, adj. urbanus; see Poutk. well- 
built, adj. bene ardijicatui (of struct 1 
us (of persons), well-disposed, 
sie Well-affected, well educated, well- 
informed, adj. doctus, eruditus ; see LKAMfCD. 
well-fed, adj. corpore amplo, pinguis ("pp. 
macer), Opintus(ovp. gracilis), obe*US(ppp. gracilis, 
slrigosus). well-known, adj. omnibus notus. 
well-meaning, adj. bentvohu, amicus (bi.tli 
of persons), fitklis (e.g. friend ; consilium, ad- 
vice), well-meant, adj. e.g. advice, consilium 
benevole dictum, well-spent, adj. e.g. life, vita 
bene acta, well-wisher, a. ttudi 

weld, v.tr. {eijn\ferruminare (Plin.). 

well, I. n. puteus. II. v.intr. — up, scutiri; 
see Spring, v.intr. 
> welter, v.intr. se volutare, voluiarL 

west, I. n. regie ad occidentem vergens, Occi- 
dent (= the setting sun), Occident, occusus, -us 
(soiis). II. adj. occidentalis (Plin.), + occiduus; 
— wind, Zephijrus, Favonius; North — wind, 
Caurus (Cor.) ; South — wind, Africus. west- 
ward, adj. ad occasum, ad occidentem vergens, 
in occidentem spectans. western, adj. occi- 
dentalis (Plin.). westerly, adj. (wind) ab otci- 
dente, in occidente. 

wot, I. adj. humidus, madens (\noat\y poet, and 
post Aug.), madidus, *t udu-~, uvidus (mostly 
poet, and post Aug.) ; see Moist. II. n. cat'.i 
status, -»s, humidus or uvidus or pluvtut; hee 
Rain. III. v.tr. madejacire, madidum rtddirt, 
pcr/undcre ; to get— through, madefieri, madi- 
dum reddi; — nurse, nutrir. wetness, u. 
humor. 

wether, n. vertex, -Ms, m. 

whale, n. baUiena, cetus (in pi. cete) (=. 
sea-monster in gen.; Plin.); —bone, balaciuie 
mat ilia. 

Wharf, n. navale, crepido. 

what, pron. intcrrog. quid ? — do you want? 
quid vis? — docs that mean? quid hoc sihi i-ult .' 
As a conjunctive or adj. pronoun, qualis, qui : 
he wrote to me — books he had read, tentmit 
mihi quos libros legerit ; in reference to an ante- 
cedent by out; — you told me, id gucxi or 01 
quae mihi dixisti. whatever, prat), quicunque 
(quicum), quisquis. 

wheal, u. vibes (ante aud port cl I 

Wheat, n. triticum, siligo (= very line white 
— , ante and post class) ; of—, wheaten, trUiceus ; 
a — held, ager tritico consitus ; — meal, faruui 
tritieea. 

wheedle, v.tr. and intr. illicire. 

Wheel, I. n. rota, tympanum (rv^irayov, of 
water-mills, etc.), radii (= spokes of — ); as 
instrument of torture, equukus ; see Hack. 
II. v.tr. 1, -- push forwai-d, propellers ; Z, = 
turn round, convertire, circumagere ; — push, 
propulsare ; —barrow, vthiculum (=cart) or 
cordis (= basket). III. v.intr. signa conterUrc 
(of soldiei-s) ; right, left — , in hastam, m scutum. 
wheelwright, n. qui rotas facit. 

wheeze, v.intr. anhelare ; see Pant. 
wheezy, adj. ♦ anhelus. 

whelm, v.tr. see Overwhelm. 

whelp, n. catulus. 



whe 



916 



whi 



" when, adv. and conj. = at the time that, 
cum (quom) (in this sense with the indie. ; the 
subj. is used only when we Speak hypotheti- 
cal I y or state the opinion of another), quo tern- 
jwre, vbi (= then — , etc., generally with indie; 
with the subj. only when we represent anything 
as uncertain, casual, etc.), quando(= — once, in- 
terrog. and indefinitely as well as in a relative 
sense ; with subj. only in indirect questions when 
we represent circumstances as repeatedly oc- 
curring ; otherwise always with indie), ut {— as 
soon as, of any result, after which another 
result immediately takes place, always with 
indie.) ; often by the particip. of the verb ; = at 
what time, interrogatively, quando? quo tem- 
pore? = at which time; see Who, Which ; = after 
Che time that, cum, ut, ubi (the last two always 
with indie, cum also with present and perfect in- 
die, and when the action is represented as occur- 
ring repeatedly (as often as], with the imperf. 
indie ; however in the narrative style in past 
tenses always with imperf. ami pluperf. subj.; 
often "when" in this sense is rendered by a 
partic. in the same case as the noun to which it 
refers, if the subject is the same both in the main 
and in the dependent clause ; but if the latter 
has a different subject from that in the main 
clause, then by tho ablat. abs.). whence, adv. 
as interrog., nude? ex quo loco ? = from whom ? 
whereby? wide ? a, ex quo homine? ex quo, re? 

— have you got that? a quo hoc accepisti ? (in 
gen.) ; wide id scis ? (— — do you know that ?) ; 

— dots it come that, etc., wide fit ut, etc. 
whenever, whensoever, conj. quamlocun- 
que (cumq.), quotie(n)scunqun (cvmq.), or simply 
utcunquc, q,totie(n)s. 

where, adv. and conj. as interrogative, ubi ? 
vbinam ? quo loco? quo loc< ? — ever?' ubi gen- 
tium? ubi terrarumf as relative particle, ubi, 
qud. whereas, adv. qtumiam, quod, cum, quippe 
qui (quae, quod); see Because, Since, where 
t>y, adv. ex quo (qua, etc.) fit ; as interrog. 
qua rutione ? qua re ? wherefore, adv. 1, in- 
terrog. cur? see Why; 2, quamobrem; see 
Therefore, wherein, adv. in quo, in qua re, in 
quibus, ubi. wherever, adv. ubivis(= at any 
place, whichever it may be), ubkunque (cumq.), 
quacumque (=■ at any place). 'Whereof, adv. 
cujus quorum (quarum, etc.) or e quo {qua, etc.) 
Whereon, adv. quo facto, cum quibua verbis. 
whereto, adv. quo(rswii), quem odfinem. 

wherry, n. see Boat. 

whet, v.tr. (cxyicufae (lit. and fig.), whet- 
stone, 11. cos. 

whether, I. pron. nter. II. conj. ne (ap- 
pended to that word in the interrog. sentence 
upon which the stress lies), wtim (--- — perhaps), 
vtrum (seldom in simple questions), an (only 
after nescire and similar verbs of doubting), 
in double questions, — . . . or ("or — ") 
iit rum . . . an (or anne or tie), imhk . . . oil, 
lie (as an enclitic) ; sometimes ne is ap- 
pended to utrum, sometimes also ne. is put, a 
few words intervening, after utrum, esp. when 
in the two clauses there occur two words 
opposed to each other, e.g. utrum. taceamne, 
an proedicem ? sometimes " — " in the first 
question is not at all expressed in Latin, e.g. 
interrogatur, pauca sint, anne mulla ; sometimes, 
in two interrog. clauses where two words are 
directly opposed to each other, the interrog. 
particles may be left out altogether, e.g. velit, 
nollt, scire difficile est; if "or" in the second 
■question appears as more a copulative than an 
interrog. particle, it is simply rendered by 
aut, e.g. quaesierunt nccne ille aut ille. defensurus 
esset ; — ... or not, utrum ( nnm or ne) . . . 
nccne or annon (nccne generally in indirect 



questions and without any verb at all, whilst 
annon is chiefly used in direct and but seldom 
in indirect questions, both with and without a 
verb), e.g. quacritur sintne dii, necne sint; or 
dii utrum' sint, necne, quaeritur ; or even dii 
nccne sint quacritur (sometimes for annon, anne 
is found, e.g. CUVI interroijetur tria pauca sint 
anne multa., Cic.) ; where the alternatives are 
presented as on an equality, either of which 
may be true, sive—sivc (sen — sett) (e.g. rive earn 
cr pallidums elicere, sive obsidione premere posset. 
Caes). 

whey, n. serum. 
which, pron. see Who. 
whiff, n.halitvs, -us (— breath). 

While, I, n. tempns, -oris, n., spalium, mora 
(= delay), otinm (= leisure); a little, short 
— , breve spalium, puu(l)lulnm (temporis) ; for 
a short — , parumper, pau(l)lisper ; a little — 
after, }xtul(l)o )>ost, noil ita multo post, }<(n<(l)lo 
]iost ; a long — after, jxitt longum feminist. II. 
(whilst) conj. dum (nearly always with pre- 
sent indie even when the verb in the main 
clause is in the past tense), donee (with indie 
or subj. according to the regular rules of mood), 
cum (quom, with pres. and perf. indie, and 
imperf. and pluperf. subj.), or by part. (e.g. 
hciec lacrimans dixit, she said — weeping), or 
by inter with gerund in plnases (inter biben- 
dum, = — drinking; inter cenandum, = — 
dining). III. v.tr. to — away the time, tempns 
jallere alqd re. 

whim, n. libido, whimsical, adj. diffi- 
cilis, nature'/ difficilis, morosus (= ill-tempered), 
inconstans, levis (= fickle) ; see. Pickle. 

whimper, v.tr., whine, v.intr. vagire (of 
a child or animal), whimpering, n. whin- 
ing, n. vagitus, -us. 

whinny, v.intr. hinnire. 

whip, I. n. scutica,-(te, t, or lora, -orum, n. 
(made of cords tied together), fuigrum,flagellum. 

II. v.tr. vcrberare. 

whirl, I. v.tr. (con)torqnere, quassare, qualere 
(= to shake). II. v.intr. as in dancing, in 
gyrum agi. III. n. vertigo (mostly post Aug.), 
or by verb, whirlpool, n. turbo, voter, vorago, 
gurges, -itis, in. whirlwind, n. turbo, verier. 

whirr, I. v.tr. stridere (stridere). II. n. 

stridor. 

whisk, v.tr. see Snatch. 

whiskers, n. by genae pilosae or fhirsutae. 

whisper, I. v.intr. susurrare, to anyone, 
cum t alqo. II. v.tr. anything into anyone's 
ear, insnsurrare alci alqd nd aurcm or in aures. 

III. n. snsurrus. whisperer, n. susurralor 
(very rare). 

Whist, I. n. hy ehurtai ii in Indus, but where 
possible translate by idea (—dice). II. interj. 
st ! tare, tacete. 

whistle, I. v.intr. and tr. sibilare; to — 
anyone, cdqm sibilo advocare. II. n. sibilus; 
pi. also sibila, -orum. whistler, n. qui si- 
bilat (with the mouth), tibicen (on the pipe). 

whit, n., not a — , ne minimum quidem, 
minime. 

white, I. adj. albus (opp. ater), candidus 
(— lair, opp. nigcr), caiiMs(=lioai , y),jwtr«s(=not 
dirty, not stained), niveus (= white as snow), 
lar.teus (= white as milk). II. II. album, candor ; 

of an egg, of the eye, album cvi, oculorum 

(Cels.). white-haired adj. albis capitlis, canis 
capillis. white-lead, a. cerussa. whiten, I. 
v.tr. dial bare, caudefaccre (ante and post class.). 
II. v.intr. albesccre, canescere (=grow hoary). 
whiteness, n. ulbitvdo (Plaut.), condor. 



whi 



917 



win 



whitewash, I. n. albarium (opus). II. v.tr. 
dealbare. 

whither, I. adv., as interrog., quo? qnem in 
locum? quorsum (fium'sus) f in qwum partem? ■ — 
then? quonaw.? II. conj. witli reference to the 
antecedent, quo; — ever, quoquo, quocunque 
(■cumqne), quacunque, quovis, iquolibct. 

whitlow, ii. paronychium, paronychia 
(Pliu.). 

Whitsuntide, n. * Pentecostc (Eccl.). 

whiz, I. v.intr. stridere(stridere) (of serpents). 
II. n. stridor, whizzing, I. adj. stridens. 
II. n. stridor. 

who, I. rel. pron. qui, quae, quad. II. in- 
terrog. pron. quis, quis, quid ? Wliicli of two? 
titer, utra, utrum ? whoever, n. quicunque 
(quicum.), quisqnis. 

whole, I. adj. integer (= uninjured), tutus (in 
opp. to part.), solidus (esp. ill enumeration, e.g. 
usiird, nee ed solidd, content as end), mucins (e.g. 
Gallia, civitas), omuis (e.g. omne caelum), tun- 
'»ersus, plenus (e.g. annus plenus atque integer); = 
healthy, sanus. II. n. the — , tottun, tola res 
(opp. partes), unum (in so far as anything is a 
— ), omnia, -ium, universiim, univeraa res, uni- 
versitas (— all together), summa( — tiie sum, e.g. 
summa exercitus, — the sum total of the. army), 
solidurn (=the capital); the — of may also be 
expressed by adj. (e.g. tota Gallia, — the — of 
Gaul), on the — , by paene, fere, ferme { — 
mostly, almost), wholiy, adv. plane, omnino, 
prorsus, jienitus (= thoroughly), Junditus (=to 
the foundation), radicitus (— root and branch) ; 
see Altooether. wholesale, n. inereatura 
magna, wholesome, adj. somber, mlttluris 
(lit. and lig.), utilis ; to be — for, alci salutarcm 
ease, aid prodesse. wholesomeness, n. salu- 
britas, utilitas (lit. and lig.). 

whoop, n. clamor ; see Shout, n. 

whore, n. scortum, meretrix. 

Whose, adj., rel. and interrog. pion. cujus. 

why, I. adv. as interrog. cur ? quamobrem 
(quam ob rem)? quart? quuproptcr ? qud de 
caus(s)\ ? quid est cur, etc. ? quid est quoa, etc. ? 
quid? — not? cur non (with indie), miulni 
(with subj. implying surprise)? (fuin (with in- 
die, request to do a thing). II. eoiij. ear, 
quamobrem, quapropter, propter quod. III. inter j. 
(at answering an objection expressed or implied), 
immo, enimvero. 

wick, n. ellychnittm. 

wicked, adj. impius (erga Deum, palriam, 
etc.), nej'arius, sceleslus, sceleralus, jlagitiosus, dis- 
so'utus, perditus(= abandoned), pravus(= irregu- 
lar), muZus, molitiosus (= bod), corruptits (= cor- 
rupted ),.Mt!iYiMifts(= very bad), nequam( = worth- 
less), turpis, foedus (= shameful). Adv. impie, 
iiefarie, sceleste, scelerale. flagitiose, dissolute, per- 
dite, prove, male, 'malitiosc, nequiter, turpiter, 
foede. wickedness, n. impietas (erga algm), 
scelus, -eris, n., /acinus, -oris, 11., flugitinm (=■ a. 
— deed, then — ), pmoitas, laquitia, turpitudo, 
fixditas, ritium, -malitia, vitiusitas. 

wicker, adj. vimimns, cruticius ; — work, 
crates, -is, f. usu. in pi.). 

wide, adj. lulus (e.g. planiiies). laxus (of dress, 
shoes, house), capax (= containing much), '<m- 
■jrtus (=oT large size), patens {— — stretching). 
Adv. late, laxe. widen, I. v.tr. amplifirarc (ur- 
ban, rempublicam, lig. auctoritatem), dilatare(e.R. 
castra, aciem; power of a state, imperium), 
laxare (a garment, lines of troops). II. V.intr. se 
d'latare (the sea), pateseirt (a plain), width, 
ii. 1, lit. umplUmlo, latitudo, laxitas; 2, fig. per- 
haps in omnes opiniones indulgens. 



widow, u. vidua, widowed, adj. riduvi. 
widower, n. pfduus. widowhood, n. 

riduitas. 

wield, v.tr. tractart (p.g.femm, onu, ttlu). 

wife, ii. co)ij)((»)i, uxor, uuirtta; to take a 
— , nxorem ducere. 
wig, n caplllavuntHm(8ntt.),crliu»ie»tpti, 

galerum (gulerus, Juv.). 

Wight, li. see Man. 

wild, adj. /ems (of living and Inanimate 
beings), agrestis (— growing — in the Held, ..f 
plants ; hence also rude in manners), s 
(= growing, living — in the woods, of plants, 
animals, men), <>i<ioini(us(=untam< d.ol animal?, 
opp. vtonsuetus), rudis (= still unprepared, nf 
things, e.g. of the soil, etc. ; hence = still un- 
civilized, of men), incultus (— uu tilled, of tin- soil, 
hence uncivilized, of men), vastus (= isolated, 
barren, ofacountry, opp. celebcr),ferux(=m:Uux 
like a savage), immauis (= cruel, of character), 
saems (= ferocious, all four of men), buanut, 
amens (= mad), lascivus (= plajful) ; r — I 
/era. Adv. ferociter, immanlUr, saeve (= Dei 
insane (—madly), wilderness, n. locus de- 
sertus, lira desrrta, -orum, solituoo, VOStttai. 

wildness, n. Jeritas, /erocia, Ingenium few, 

animus Jerox (— lieriness), immanitas(= CI uelty), 
lascivia (= playfulness). 

wile, n. art, dolus: see Thick, wily, adj. 
astuttu, nrsutus ; see Cunni.no, adj. 

wilful, adj. contuinax, pertiHOx, ptrvtoax, ob- 
sliiiatus ; a — act, iptod consulto or cogitatum fit, 
comb, qiml consulto el cogitatum fit. Adv. 
tnmuciter, pertinaciter, pervlcaciter, consulto, 
silio, de. or ex induttrid, datd or deditd opera, 
voluntate ct jvdiclo, or also by tctau or prudent 
el sciens. Wilfulness, n. contumucia, pcrtin- 
acia, peruicacia, obstinatio (= Inflexibility). 

will, I. n. 1, voluntas (= volition in Ren., 
and also exercise of — ), animus (= disposition '<( 
mind), consilium, propotitim (= purpose), nroi- 
trtum (— decision), auctoritat (= coninuau, esp. 
— of the senate as expressed in a decree), or by 
auctor (e.g. he did il at the — of Caesar, fcoe 
Caesare nuctore fecit), uutus, -us (lit. = nod. ti^;. 
= command), COUlb. urbitriumet nutus,auctoritas 
nutusttUf, libido (— fancy, caprice, in good or 
bad sense), 5(«</iii»i (= goixl — ) ; lie has a — t", 
est aid in auimn alqd Jncere ; 2, — testament, 
tcstanuntum, tabulae (testamenli); to make a — , 
testamentum /acire, in favour of any one, algm 
heredem suum/aiire. II. v.tr. velle, cupirt, with 
infin. or subj., with or without at; fl/v<l or 
with accus. ami Infin. or n( ; avire attjd or 
with infin. Willing, adj. UUns, volens, pir- 
atus, promvlus (the last two ad ulqd). Ad\. 
libenter, anituo li>><nti, animo libentl pr oluoq ne, 
anhno prompto jmratoque. willingness, U. 
animus libeus or yromptus, voluntas. 

Wily, adj. see Wll.K. 

WillOW, 11. salix. 

Win, I. v.tr. see Get, Gain. II. v.intr. 
vincere. winner, n. victor. 

winning, adj. pnldkar, venustus(= beautiful), 

suavis (= sweet), blaudus (= persuusivc), BOmU 

(= courteous). 

Wind, I. n. 1, ventat, aura (Im.Hi or gentle 
and violent blasts), flatus, •«« (mostly i«-'et.. all 
three lit. and lig.); favoumble, unfuvounible — , 
ventus secundus, adversus ; the — rises, ventiis 
increbrescit or coorilur; — sinks, ctssal, <--add^ 
to speak to the — , dare t verbain ventos ; 2, - 
flatulency, ventus, infiutio. II. v.tr. (e.g. a 
horn, coiuu), infiare; see Blow, Play, y.tr. 
windfall, n. alqd alci /orte olAutum (e.g. 
the money was a great — to me, pecuiUa oa*a 



win 



913 



wit 



dblata multnm mihi proderat.). wind-mill, 
n. mola venii (Jet). Wind-pipe, n. aspera 
arteria. wind-ward, adj. ad ventum conversus. 
windy, ad j. ventosus;f\g. whims, ventosus, inanis. 
wind, I. v.tr. torquere (e.g. funem), glomer- 
are (into a ball) ; — up, trochlcd toilers (lit. i.e. 
with a pulley), ad finem, yerdv.ci.re, (fig.) ; see 
End. it, v.\n\r. se simtare,sim((iri. winding, 

I. adj. ftexuosus, tortuosus. II. n. jlexus, -lis. 
windlass, n. ergata, m. 

Window, n. fenestra (with shutters, curtains, 
or bars ; only under the emperors made of the 
transparent lapis phengites or specularis). 

wine, n. vinum; sour — , vappa; — not 
diluted with water, merum; the — god Bacchus 
(poet. = wine), wine-bibber, n. homo vinu- 
lentus. wine-cellar, n. apotheca. wine- 
merchant, n. vinarius. 

wing, I. n. cda, pennae ; — of an army, cornu, 
ala ; the soldiers who form the — s, alarii; 
to be posted in the right — , dextrum tenere ; 
the — of a house, ala; — of a door, foris ; 
door with — s, folding-doors, fores, -ium, vulvae. 

II. v.tr. volare; see Fly. winged, adj. pen- 
niger, ] pennatvs, f alatus, f aliger. 

wink, I. n. nictus, -its. II. v.intr. nicture, 
at any one, alci ; to — at, indulgere alci, con- 
(n)ivere in alqd re. 

winnow, v.tr. corn, frumenlum vcntilare or 
evannere. winnowing-fan, n. ventilabrwm, 

vannus, f. 

winter, I. n. hicm(]i)s, lempvs (rami) hiber- 
num, tempora hiberna, -orum, tempiis hiemale, 
bruma, tempus brumale (= time of the shortest 
days), a hard — , hiems gravis or acris; a mild 
— , hiems t mollis, mitis, tepida (Hor.). II. adj. 
hiemalis, hibernus, brimalis, or by genit. of 
hiem(p)s ; — quarters, hiberna, -onan. III. 
v.intr. hiemare, hibernare, Itiberna agere (of 
troops) ; for. — in gen. hiemem. agere. winterly, 
adj. hiemalis. 

Wipe, v.tr. (abs)tergere, detcrgere, extergere; 

— out (fig.), abolcre; see Abolish. 
wire, n.filum or filum ferreum. 

wise ; I, adj. sapiens, sapient id praeditvs, 
prudens' ( = with practical insight); to be.—, 
sapere, sapientem esse. II. n. ratio, mini us, via; 
in no — ,nullomodo; see Manner, Way. Adv. 
sapienter. wisdom, n. sapientia, prudentia; 
with — , sapienter, ratione ac conmlio. wise- 
acre, n. qui se sapientem esse jaclat. 

wish. I. v.tr. and intr. velle, cuperc; if you 

— it, si vis, si tibi placet; 1 don't — it, by 
nolo; I — rather, by malo ; I could — , velim 
(with pres. subj. if we speak as though the — 
were likely to bo fulfilled), vcllcm (with imperf. 
subj. if there are difficulties, so that the speaker 
doubts the fulfilment) ; to — for anything, alqd 
enpere, desiderare, (ex)optare, sitire (— thirst for). 
II. n. optatio(= the act), optatum(=- the thing we 
— for), desiderium(= the desire), vohintiis(z= will, 
demand), votum(\\\ consequence of avow taken ; 
then = — ; prayer to the gods that a certain — 
may be fulfilled); according to my — , ex sen- 
lentid; according to anyone's — , ad alejs volun- 
tatem.. 

wistful, wistfully, wistfulness, adj. 
use circumloc. (e.g. his face bore a — expres- 
sion, ille desiderium vultu erpressit ; he appeared 
to be a prey to — , desiderio moveri visus est). 

Wit, n. (ingenii) acumen, dicacitas (= quick, 
ingenious answer), lepos (= tasteful, elegant), fa- 
cetiae (= witticisms), comb, lepnsfacetiaeque, sal, 
-is, m. ; also in the pi. sales, comb, sal et facetiae, 
facele dictum; to — , nempe, nimirum, scilicet. 
Witless, adj. seo Fooi.isn. witticism, n. 



quod facele dictum est ; see Wit. witty, adj. 
dicax, facetus, -non infacelus, Icoidus, salmis. 
Adv. facete, salse, lepide. 

witch, n. venefica, maga, saga, witch- 
craft, n. veneficium, ars \ magica, magice 
(Plin.); see Magic. 

with, prep. (A) = in union, 1, cum, una cum ; 
often simply rendered by the ablat. with an 
adj. (e.g. omnibus copiis egredi) ; 2, in friendly 
intercourse, cum ; after verbs compounded with 
cum, either cum with ablat. or simply the 
dat. (e.g. what have I to do — you? quid tibi 
mecum est rei?), after words expressing simi- 
larity or equality, the simple dat. (but after 
similis and its compounds, also the genit.) ; 
when two things are represented as being 
equal to one another, by idem (— the same, etc.), 
the prep. " — " is rendered by qui or a copu- 
lative conj., seldom by cum with ablat. (only in 
poets simply by the dat. ; a Graecism); 3, = iiv 
participation, in confederacy with, cum (e.g. 
cum alqo bellum gercre adversus alqm) ; = by 
means of, per with accus. alcjs operd, alcjs ope, 
avxilio, alqo auctore; also sometimes by the 
simple ablat. (e.g. Caesar ed, legione, qnam secvm 
habebat, murum perduxit in altitudinem, etc.); 
4, in a hostile sense, cum, contra, adversus with 
accus. (the two latter used when cum might be 
misunderstood, as it might also mean "in union 
— ," etc.), e.g. helium gercre cum alqo or contra 
(adversus) alqm ; (B) = in company and accom- 
panied by, 1, of persons, cum (— along — ) ; but if 
only expressing that one particular action refers 
to more than one person, it is generally ren- 
dered in Latin simply by a copulative conjunc- 
tion (et, ac, atque), (e.g. the women — their 
children were killed, mulieres atque infantes 
occisi sunt) ; J, of things, cum; it is often ren- 
dered in this sense (armed, furnished — , etc.) 
more clearly by participles or adjs. or by a 
relative clause (e.g. armed — a dagger, cum sicA, 
or sicd instruclus) ; at the same time as some 
phenomenon that takes place in the course of 
time, cum, or (but less expressive) by the simple 
ablat. (e.g. — daybreak, (cum) prima luce), 
hence also of effects and consequences that are 
simultaneous and immediate or direct ; = not 
without, cum, non sine (e.g. to hear, etc. — 
pleasure, cum voluptate; — the help of the 
gods, (cum) dis adjuvantibw) ; in many in- 
stances by particular expressions (e.g. — care, 
diligenter), or by construction with a partic. 
(e.g. — quickness, adhibitd celerilate ; — that, 
inde, deinde, ad hcec ; — all your diligence, pro 
or ex tud diligentid ; — all men truth is to be 
held in honour, opud omnes Veritas colenda est.). 

withal, adv. simul. 

withdraw, I. v.tr. alqd ab alqo or ab olqii 
re avertere, avocare, revocare, removere, alqd ev 
or de alqd re detrahere (also from a place, e.g. 
inimicum ex Gallia), retrahere, abstrdMre, alqd. 
alci tollere, auferre ; of troops, dedurere, revocare, 
subducere ; of money, deducere (de svmmd, etc.) ; 
see Take away. II. v.intr. (re)cedere, dis- 
cedere, ab, etc., se recipcre ab, etc., se removere 
ab, etc., se retrahere a5 alqd re ; from a person, 
se removere ab alqo or ab alcjs amicitid, alqm 
or alcjs aditum sermonemque defugere ; to — from 
duty, allegiance, etc., ab officio recedere ; to — 
from office, magislratu abdicare, se magistratum 
ejurare. 

wither, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (arVyurere, lorrere ; 2, 
flg. perdcre (= destroy). II. v.intr. (ex)arescerc, 
inarcescere (Plin.). withered, adj. marcidus. 

Withhold, v.tr. detincre, retinere, supq)ri- 
mere, comprimere; I cannot — my praise of him- 
facere non possum quin eum lavdem. 



wit 



919 



wor 



within, X. prep, intra, inter (both of s^pace 
and time), in with nbl. = in the course of (in eo 
anno natus est =' sometime in that year), often 
by the abl. only (e.g. «tym. finibus suis recipere), 
or with verbs expressing motion by in with 
accus. (e.g. in fines suos recipere), he did it — 
the year, hoc abhinc nondum vno anno exacto 
fecit; if the time be future, ante annum exactum. 
II. adv. intus (in gen.), domi (= at home). 

without, I. prep, extra (with accus. of 
place'/, sine (with abl.), sine alcjs opera ; not — , 
non sine, cum; by nullus in the abl. with the 
noun (e.g. — danger, nulla periculo); by adjs., 
such as expers alcjs rei, carens alqd re, mains 
alqd re, inops ab, etc. ; by adjs. expressing a 
deficiency, etc., chiefly compounded with in, 
e.g. — trouble, facilis ; — clothes, nudus; — 
injury, integer; — a will, intestatus ; — caution, 
incautus ; — my, etc., knowledge, by inscius, 
insciens, alqo insciente, alqo inscio ; — an invita- 
tion, invocatus; by the negative with participles, 
mostly by the ablat. abs. (e.g. — many 
words, missis ambagibus, Hor.) ; — anybody or 
anything, = if somebody has not been there, or 
if such or such a thing had not happened, but 
for, nisi or nifuisset (only Com. say here ai^ue 
alqo esset) ; by wee (nequc) (e.g. many praise V.'e 
orators and poets — understanding them, mullx 
oratores et po'etas probant neque inlellcgunt) ; some- 
times by ut non or (but only when the preced- 
ing clause contains already a negation) quin (e.g. 
Augustus numquam filios suos populo commenda- 
vit, ut non adjiceret [= — adding] si mercbun- 
tar); nunquam accedo, quin abs te doctior abeam, 
= I never came ■ — going away better ; by 
praeler (e.g. praeter consulem amicumhabeo nul- 
lum, = — counting the consul I have no friend). 
II. adv. extra, extrinsecus, ex or ab extcriore 
parte, ab exterioribus partibus (= from — , also 
= from abroad) ; foris (= out of doors). 

withstand, v.tr. resistcre ; see Resist. 

withy, n. vimen. 

witness, I. n. 1, testis, to call as a — , alqm 
testari or contestari, alqm antestari ; to appeal to 
anyone as — , testifieari alqm; to be a — , testem 
esse, testari; to appear as a — , testem ex(s)istcre ; 
arbiter (= one who has heard anything), auctor 
(= — ing an act, e.g. at a marriage); without 
— , in private, sine arbitris, arbitris remotis, sine 
anctoribus ; in the presence of (before) many — es, 
multis audientibus, coram multis ; spectator ( = 
onlooker); 2, = testimony, testimonium. II. 
v.tr. and inter. 1, testari, uttcstari, testifieari, tes- 
timonio confirmare, testimonio esse, testem esse 
(the former of the two of a thing, the latter of a 
person); 2, = behold, videre, spectare ; see See. 

wizard, n. magus, veneficus. 

Wizened, adj. retorridus (mostly post Aug.). 

woad, n. isatis, vitrum. 

wobble, v.iutr. see Wabble. 

woe, WO, I. n. dolor, mala, -orum, res ad- 
versae, Indus, -us, maeror ; see Sorrow. II. 
inter;), vae! — to me I me mild! roe mihi 
miscrn ! pro dolor! peril! woeful, adj. Bee 
Sad, Unhappy, Sorrowful. 

WOlf, n. lupus, fem. lupa; of the — ,lupinus. 
wolfish, adj. saerus. 

woman, n.fanina (opp. vir), mulier(= grown 
up — ), a young — , puclla, virgo, adulescens (e.g. 
Mia adulescens), juven is ; an old — , anus, -iis, f. 
vetula ; a little — (as endearing term), muliercula, 
udulcscentiii ; = the sex, — kind, se.r«s (-us) 
muliebris, mulieres, -um. womanish, adj. 
muliebris, mollis, effeminatus; see Effeminate. 
Womanly, adj. muliebris. 

womb, n. alvus, uterus. 



wonder, I. n. 1, = the feeling, (ad)miratio ; 
to see anything with — , alqd stujiefactxis or 
athmitus vklere; see Astonishment ; 2, = a 
wonderful thing, casus, -us, mirificus, res nfnf 
or inusitata, monstrum, portentum, mitxiculum. 
II. v.iutr. (ad)mirari, udmiratione stupere, at 
anything, alqd, alqd mihi mirum est or videtur ; 
I — that, etc. miror with accus. and infin. ; I 
— whether, etc. miror si, etc. ; I — what may 
have been the cause, miror quid causae fuerit ; 
for our colloquial, I — , demiror is used (e.g. I — 
what it is, demiror quid sit), wonderful, 
adj. minis, mirificus, (ad)mirabilis, (adpnirandus, 
novus, inusitatus, pnrtentosus, monstr(u)osu3. 
Adv. mire, mirificc, {ad)mirabiliter, nove, inusi- 
tate, monstr(u)ose ; see Admire. 

wont, I. n. usus, -iis, mos, consueludo ; see 
Custom. II, adj. (as)suelus; to b« — , wlere. 

woo, v.tr. amare (= to love), in mntrimonium, 
petere (Suet.) ; ilg. = seek, petire. wooer, n. 
amator, procus. 

wood, n. lignum, or pi. ligna (for "burning), 
materia (materies, = — fit for use, in opp. to liber, 
= bark, and when cut up,in opp. to lignum, = — 
for fuel), silva (= forest), nemus, -Oris, n., lucus 
(= grove), saltus, -its (= glade, defile), sUveetris 
locus (= plantation with — , shrubs) ; of — , \ig- 
ncus. wooden, adj. ligneus. wood cutter, 
n. qui ligna caedit. wood-engraving, n. 
tabula in lignum incisa et in chartam impressa. 
woodland, n. sileac, nemord, -um, saltus, 
■iis. wood-louse, n. oniseus, multipeda (Plin. ). 
woodman, n. see Wood-cutter, wood- 
nymph, n. (HavuCylryas. wood pecker, n. 
picus. wood-pigeon, n. palumbes, -is, m. and f. 
wooded, woody, adj. silvestris, silvosus (e.g. 
saltus), silvis vestitus (e.g. mons), t nemorosus, 
saltuosus (e.g regio, low). 

woof, n. subtemen, trama. 

wool, n. luna. woollen, woolly, adj. 
laneus. 

word, I. n. 1, = part of speech and (particu- 
larly the pi. " words ") speech in gen., vocabn- 
lum, as a name for one particular object (e.g. 
conscrvatoris sibi nomen, Uraeco ejus rei vocabido 
assumpsit); in the pi. vocabula = "words, voca- 
bulary," unconnected, women (= name), verbum 
(= something spoken, a — ; hence a short sen- 
tence, saying) ; — for — , rertuon pro verbo, ad 
verbum ; vox (inasmuch as it is spoken or heard, 
whether by itself or in the context), sermo, oratio 
(= speech); dictum — saying (e.g. dicto alcjs 
obtemperare = to obey anyone's — ) ; in one —(in 
enumerating), uno verbo, ut paucis dicam, qnul 
multa? quid opus est verbis? ne multa! nephmi; 
the — of God (i.e. the Holy Scriptures), librl 
divini, lil(t)erae divinae or sanctae (Eccl.) ; 2, 
= promise, fides; upon my — , 7/ied fide. II. 
v.tr. see Express, wordy, adj. vtrbosus. 

work, I. n. = anything completed, opus, 
-en's, n., factum (= deed), pensum (= task), 
monumentum (= monument), munitio, mum- 
meutum (= fortification); a little — , opuscu- 
lum (also = — of art); oj>!is, liber, Melius (= a 
literary — ); = toil, opera, labor (with an effort), 
occupa'tio; of a scholar, stadia, -orum; by candle- 
light, Uwubratio (esp. before daybreak); done 
in leisure hours, ojierac subsieivat ; it is the — 
of a good man to do this, boni (hominis) est hoc 
fae'ere; the — s (in machinery, etc.), machina, 
machinatio. II. v.intr. to - at, (e)taborare <n 
alga re, operam dare alci rei, incumbere m Of ad 
alqd : opusfacere, in opere esse, laborem subire or 
obire : by candlelight, lucubrare ; to — all night, 
cid laborem nullum partem noctis inttrmutire; 
to — night and day, opus continuare diem et 
■noctem ; to — for wages, operam suavi locare. III. 
v.tr. facire, conficire, efficere, perficere, fingers 



wor 



920 



wri 



(= to fashion), fabricari; see Make, work- 
basket, n. qriasillum (quasilhts). work- 
iiouse, n. j^olchotrophium (Jet.), or by circuml. 
(e.g. domus in qua indigentes publico sumptu (dun- 
tur). working, I. adj. — days, dies ncgotiosus 
(Tac), dies profestus. II. n. tractatio (in gen.) ; 

— of the ground, cultio or mltus (-iis) agrorum. 
workman, n. agri cultor (in the field), ope- 
rarius, in the pi. operae (if for wages, mercc- 
■narius ; pi. operae conductae or mcrcenariae), 
artifex (= artist), opifex ( = manual — ), faber ( = 

— in wood, stone, etc.), viuitor (in a vineyard). 
workmanship, n. ars. opus, -erfc, n. work- 
shop, n. officina (the place), fabrica (of a faber, 
i.e. one who works in hard material), artijicium 
(of an arti/ex, = a studio). 

world, n. mvndus ( = the universe, opus 
unirersum, unii'ersitas rerum, rerum natura — 
universe, only in the sing.) ; = the globe, 
orbis (terraruru) (as known to the Romans), 
terrae (= countries in gen.); rulers of the — , 
terrarum or omnium terrarum principes (of a 
nation); to be brought into the — , nasci ; to 
leave the — (i.e. die), ex vild discedere, c vita 
excedere ; what in tiie — ? quid tandem? every- 
thing in the — , quodvis, nihil non ; I am 
the most miserable man in the. — , prorsus 
nihil est quin. sim miserrimvs ; the next — , 
caelum (Heaven), vita caelatis or futura; — 
mankind, homines or omnes ( = all men); the 
present — , homines qui nunc sunt or vivunt, 
horn ines hvjus axtatis ; the ancient — , antiqu itas, 
aetas vetus, veteres, -um ; the learned — , docti 
homines, worldly, adj. worldliness, n. 
qui (ipiae) utilitatem suam (ncque veram laudem) 
petit. 

worm, n. reiMiis, ru. (in gen.), rermiculus 
(= little — ), lumbricus (= earth — , the— in 
the intestines), teredo (in wood, meat, clothes), 
tinea (in wood and books), worm-eaten, adj. 
cariosits (of wood) ; to be — , rermiculari (of 
trees, Plin.). 

worn, part, and adj. ; see Wear. 

worry, v.tr. 1, (di)laniare (~ tear, of dogs, 
etc.); 2, Hg. rex'tre, snUDiciture, cruciare. (the two 
lasl metaph.  fidei (etc.). zealous, adj. studiosus 
(with genit.), acer (fiery-), ardens ( = burning 
with zeal) ; a — patriot, civis acerrimus or 
patriae avians; see Eager. Adv. studiose, 
acriter, ardenter, enixe, intentc (=intently). 

zenith, n. * zenith (t.t.) ; in the — , supra 
verticem. 

zephyr, n. Zephyrus, Favonius. 

zero, n. by nihil; to be at— (fig.), nihil 
vulere (= worth nothing) ; his spirits were at 
— , animus suus fractus or demissus est. 

zest, n. = relish, by sapor (e.g. sapor vinosus); 
tig. studium. 

zigzag, n. disenrsus torli vibratiquc (of light- 
ning, Plin. Min. ; the term can be used in gen.). 

zodiac, n. orbis or ciradns signifer ; .sign of 
— , sidus, -his, n. 

zone, n. 1, see Girdle; 2, in geog. \zona, 
cingulus (terrestrial and celestial, caeli regio or 
ora or plaga ; torrid — ,- zona torrida (Plin.) ; 
frigid — , regio glacialis (Col.) ; temperate — , 
t'mpcratae caeli regiones. 

zoology, n. ani/mantium descriptio. zoo- 
logical, adj. by gen. animantium ■ — gardens, 
ferarum sacpHvi, 



023 



GEOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY 

OK TUB 

ENGLISH NAMES OF IMPORTANT PLACES. 

WITH CLASSICAL OR LATER LATIN EQUIVALENTS. 



Aar, R., Arola, Arula, Abriuca. 

Africa, Africa ; African, adj. Africanus ; subst. 
Afer. 

Aix, Aquae Sextiae. 

Aix-la-Chapelle, Aquisgranum, Urbs Aquensis. 

Aleppo, Aleppum. 

Algiers, Algerium. 

Alsace, Alsatia. 

America, America ; American, adj. Ameri- 
can us. 

Amiens, Ambianum, Samarobriva. 

Amsterdam, Amstelodamum. 

Andalusia, Vandalitia. 

Angers, Andegavum. 

Angouleme, Engolisma. 

Anlialt, Anhaltinuin. 

Anjou. Andegavensis Ager. 

Antwerp, Antwerpia. 

Arras, Atrebatum. 

Artois, Artesia. 

Asia, Asia ; Asiatic, adj. Asiaticus, Asianus. 

Atlantic Ocean, Oceanus Atlanticus. 

Augsburg, Augusta Vindelicorum. 

Austria, Austria. 

Autuu, Augustodunum. 

Auvergne, Arvernia. 

Avignon, Aveuio. 

Badajoz, Pax Augusta. 
Baltic Sea, Mare Suebicum. 
Bamberg, Bamberga, Papeberga. 
Barcelona, Barciuo. 
Basle, Basilea. 
Bavaria, Bojaria, Bajoaria. 
Bayonne, Lapurdum. 
Beauvais, Bellovacum. 
Berlin, Berolinum. 
Berne, Berna, Arctopolisi. 
Besanc,on, Vesontio. 
Black Sea, Pontus Euxinus. 
Blois, Blesae. 
Bohemia, Boiuhaeinum. 
Bologna, Bononia. 
Bonn, Bonna. 
Bordeaux, Burdigala. 
Boulogne, Bolonia, Gesoriacutf). 
Bourgcs, Avaricum. 
Braganza, Bra^antja, 



Breineu, Bcrma. 
Brescia, Brixia. 
Breslau, Vratislavia, 

Bristol, V'enta Silunim. 
Brunswick, Brunsviga. 
Brussels, Bruxellae. 
Bulgaria, Bulgaria. 
Burgundy, Burgundia. 



Cadiz, Gades. 

Calais, Calctum. 

Cambray, Cainaracum. 

Cambridge, Cautabrigia. 

Canterbury, Cantuaria, Durovernum. 

Carintliia, Carinthia. 

Carlisle, Carleoluui, Brovoniacum. 

Carlsbad, Thermae Cnrolinae. 

Carlsrulic, llesycliia Carolina. 

Carpathian M., Carpatbus. 

Carthagena, Carthago Nova. 

Caspian Sea, Mare Caspium. 

Cassel, Cassula, Casscllue. 

Castile, Castiliu. 

Cattegat, Sinus Codamis. 

Champagne, Campania. 

Chester, Cestria, 

Clairvaux, Clarav'allis. 

dausenburg, Claudiopolla 

Cleves, Clivis. 

Coblentz, Conlluentes. 

Coburg, Coburgum. 

Cologne, ColoinaAgrippina, Augusta Ubiorura. 

Constance, Constant!*. 

Constantinople, Byzantium, Constantinopolli 

Copenhagen, Hafnia, Codaaia, 

Cordova, Corduba. 

Corfu, Con yi 1. 

Cornwall, Coruubia. 

Coventry, Convuutria, 

Cracow, Cracovia. 

Croatia, Croatia. 

Cionstadt, Corona. 

Cyprus, Cyprus. 

Dalmatia, Dalmatia; adj. D.ilmalicus. 
Damascus, Damascus ; adj. Damasccii'ifl, 
Dantzig, Gedajiuui, Dantiscum. 



924 



Danube, R., Danubius. 

Darmstadt, Dar m stadium. 

Dauphine, Delphiuatus. 

Dead Sea, Lacus Asphaltito.s. 

Denmark, Dania. 

Dessau, Dessavia. 

Devonshire, Damnonia. 

Dijon, Divia, Diviodunuin. 

Dnieper, R., Borysthenes, Danapris. 

Dniester, R., Danastris. 

Don, R., Tanais. 

Dorchester, Durnovaria, Durnium. 

Dover, Dubrae, Portus Dubris. 

Dresden, Dresda. 

Dublin, Dublinum. 

Diisseldorf, Dusseldorpium. 

Ebro, R., Iberus. 

Edinburgh, Edinum. 
Eisenach, Isenacum. 
Elba, Tlva, Aethalia. 
Elbe, R., Albis. 

England, Anglia ; English, adj. Anglus, An- 
glicus. 
Erfurt, Erfuidia, Erfurtum. 
Esthonia, Estonia, Aestonia. 
Exeter, Isca, Exonia. 

Faenza, Faventia. 

Ferrara, Ferrnria. 

Fiesole, Faesulae. 

Finland, Finnia, Fcnnonia, Venedia. 

Flanders, Flandria. 

Florence, Florentia. 

France, Gallia. 

F.anche Comte, Comitatus Burgundiae. 

Vranconia, Franconia. 

Frankfort -on -the -Main, Francofurhii.n_ ad 
Moenum. 

Frankfort -on -the -Oder, Francofurtum ad 
Oderam. 

Freiburg. Friburgum. 

Frejus, Forum Julii. 

Friesland, Frisia. 

Garda, I.ago, Lacus Benacus. 
■ Garonne, R., Garuinna. 
Gaseony, Vasconia. 
Geneva, Geneva. 

Geneva, Lake of, Lacus Lemanus. 
Germany, Germania. 
GhentXGanda, Gandavum. 
Girgentk, Agrigentum. 
Glasgow, Glasgua. 
Gloucester, Claudia Castra. 
Goslar, Goslaria. 
Gothenburg, Gothoburgurn. 
Gottingen, Gottinga. 
Greece, Graecia. 
Grenoble, Gratianopolis. 
Guadalquivir, Baeti3. 
Guadiana, R., Anas. 
Guienne, Aquitauja. 



Haari.km, Harlemnm. 
Hague, The, Haga Comitis. 
Halle, Hala Saxonum. 
Hamburg, Hamburgum. 
Uauovcr, llanovcra. 
Hans Mountains, Sylva Ttereynia 
Havre tic Grace, Tortus Gr*.tiac 
Heidelberg, Hcidelberga. 
Holland, Hollaudia, Batavia. 
Holstein, Holsatia. 
Hungary, Hungaria. 

India, India. 
Ingolstadt, Ingolstadium. 
Inn, R., Ocnua. 
Inspruclc, Oenipontuin. 
Ireland, Hibernia. 
Istria, Histria. 
Italy, Italia. 

J A EN, Jaeimm. 
Japan, Japouia. 
Jena, Jena. 
Jericho, Hiericho. 
Jerusalem, Hierosolyma. 
Juliers, Juliacum. 
Jutland, Jutia, Jutlandia. 

Kent, Cantium. 
Kiel, Kilia, Kilonium. 
Kbnigsberg, Regiomontanura. 

Lancaster, Longovicum. 

Landau, Landavium. 

Langres, Lingones. 

Languedoc, Langedocis. 

Lapland, Lapponia. 

Lausanne, Lausodunum. 

Leghorn, Libunnis Portus. 

Leicester, Ratae Coiitanorum. 

Leipzig, Lipsia. 

Lerida, Ilerda. 

Leyden, Lugdunum Batavorum. 

Liege, Leodium. 

Limoges, Limoricum. 

Lincoln, Lindum Colonia. 

Linz, Lentia, Lintia. 

Lisbon, Olisijio. 

Lithuania, Lithuania. 

Loire, R., Ligeris. 

Lombardy, Longobardia. 

London, Londinium, Londinum. 

Loretto, Lauretiun. 

Lorraine, Lotharingia. 

Louvain, Lovanium. 

Liibeck, Lubeea. 

Lucca, Luca. 

Lucerne, Luc.erna. 

Lttneberg, 1 ameburgura. 

Lvneville, Lunaris Villa. 

Luxemburg, Liiciburgum. 

Lyoi;s, Lngduuuin Segnsianonrm, 



925 



Maas, R., Mosa. 

Madrid, Madritum, Mantua Carpetannrum. 
• Maestricht, Trajeetnm ad Mosam. 
Magdeburg. MagdeburgUlil, Parthenopolis. 
Alain, R., Moeni.s. 
Majorca, Insula Balearis Major. 

Malaga, Malaca. 

Malta, Malta MeliU 

Man, Isle of, Mona. 

Manchester, Mancunium. 

Mannheim, Manhemiuni. 

Marburg, Marburgum. 

Marne, R., Matrona. 

Marseilles, Massilia. 

Mayence, Moguntia, Moguntiacum. 

Mechlin, Mechlinia. 

Mecklenburg, Megalopolis. 

Mediterranean Sea, Mare Internum, Mare Me> 
diterraneum, Mare Nostrum, Mare Magnum. 

Melun, Melodunum. 

Merida, Augusta Emerita. 

Messina, Massana. 

Metz, Divodurum. 

Milan, Mediolanum. 

Mincio, R., Mincius. 

Modena, Mutina. 

Montpellier, Mons Pessulus. 

Moravia, Moravia. 

Morea, Peloponnesus. 

Moscow, Moscovia. 

Moselle, R., Mosella. 

Munich, Monacum. 

Munster, Monasteriuin. 

Namur, Nainurcum. 
Nancy, Nancejum. 
Nantes, Nannetes, Nantetum. 
Naples, Neapolis, Parthenope. 
NarboJine, Narbo Martins. 
Nassau, Nausavia. 
Navarre, Navarra Alta. 
Neckar, R., Nicer, Nicrus. 
Netherlands, Belgica. 

Nevers, Nivernum, Novidunum Aeduorum. 
Newcastle, Novum Castrum. 
Nismes, Nemausus. 
Normandy, Normannia, Neustria. 
North Sea, Oceanus Septentrionalis. 
^Northumberland, Northumbria. 
Norway, Norvegia. 
Norwich, Norvicum. 
Nuremberg, Norimberga. 

Oder, R., Odera, Viadrus. 
Orange, Arausio. 
Orkney Islands, Orcades. 
Orleans, Aurelianum. 
Orvieto, Urbs Vetus. 
Osnabriick, Osuabruga. 
Ostend, Ostenda. 
Otranto, Hydruntum. 
Oviedo, Ovetum. 
Oxford, Oxonia. 



Padi;a, Pataviunl. 
Palatinate, l'alatinatils. 

Palermo, Panorama. 

Pamplona, Pompeiopolis. 

Paris, Lutetla, Lrti'tia ParisiorUiiv. 

Parma, Parma. 

Pavia, Ticinum. 

Pcrpignan, Perplnlanum. 

Perugia, Peruala. 

Pesth, Pestinuin. 

Petersburg, St., PetropoUB. 

Piaeenza, Placentia 

Picanly, Picardia. 

Piedmont, Pedemontium. 

Plymouth, Plymuthum. 

Po, R., Padus. 

Poitiers, Limouum Pictavium 

Poitou, Terra Pictavensis. 

Poland, Polonia. 

Pomerania, Pomerania. 

Portugal, Lusitania. 

Poscn, Posnania. 

Pozzuoli, Puteoli. 

Prague, Praga. 

Provence, Provincia. 

Prussia, Corussia, Prussia. 

Ram:, Arraboua. 

Ratisbon, Ratisbona, Rcginoburguin. 

Red Sea, Sinus Arabicus. 

Reggio, Hhegium. 

Rheims, Remi. 

Rhine, R., Rhenus. 

Rhone, R., Rhodanus. 

Riga, Riga. 

Rimini, Ariminum. 

Rochelle, Rupella, Sautouuiu Perttts. 

Rochester, Durobrivae. 

jj^i-.j Roma. 

Rotterdam, Roterodaiiium. 

Rouen, Rothomagus. 

Roussillon, Rnssilio, Russiuo. 

Russia, Russia. 

Ryswick, Rysvicum. 

Saxony, Saxonia. 
Saint Cloud, Kanum S. Clodoaldl. 
Saint Denis, Dionysiopolis. 
Saint Malo, Maclovium. 
Saint Omer, Audomaropolls 
Salamanca, Salamantica 
8alerno, Salernum. 
Salisbury, Sarisberia, Sarum. 
Salzburg, Salisburgum. 
Sambre, R., Sabis. 
Saone, R., Araris. 
Saragossa, Caesarea Augusta. 
Sardinia, Sardinia. 
Saumur, Salmurium. 
Savoy, Sabaudia. 
Scheldt, R., Scaldis. 
Schleswig, Slesvicum. 
Schwcrin, Sueriuuiu. 



926 



Scilly Isles, Silures, Cassitcrides. 

Scotland, Scotia, Caledonia. 

Seine, 11., Sequana. 

Sens, Agendicum Senonum. 

Seville, Hispalis. 

Shrewsbury, Salopia. 

fcJIcily, Sicilia. 

Sienna, Sena. 

Silesia, Silesia. 

Slavonia, Slavonia. 

Soissons, Augusta Suessionum. 

Sorrento, Sorrentum. 

Spain, Hispania. 

Spires, Spira, Augusta Nemetum. 

Spoleto, Spoletum. 

Stettin, Stetinuni. 

Stockholm, Stockholinia. 

Strasburg, Argentoratum. 

Stuttgardt, Stutgardia. 

Styria, Styria. 

Swabia, Suevia. 

Sweden, Suecia. 

Switzerland, Helvetia. 

Tangiers, Tingis. 

Taranto, Tarentum. 

Tarragona, Tarraco. 

Tartary, Tartaria. 

Tessin, R., Ticinus. 

Thames, R., Tamesls. 

Theiss, R., Tiscus. 

Thuringia, Thuringia. 

Tiber, R., Tiberis. 

Tivoli, Tibur. 

Toledo, Toletum. 

Toulon, Tullonum.' 

Toulouse, Tolosa. 

Tournay, Tornacum. 

Tours, Turones, Caesarodunum. 

Trent, Tridentum. 

Treves, Augusta Trevirorum. 

Trieste, Tcrgeste. 



Tripoli, Tripoli's. 

Tubingen, Tubinga. 

Tunis, Tunetum. 

Turin, Augusta TauriiKiruHi. 

Turkey, Turcia. 

Tuscany, Etruria. 

Tyrol, Teriolis. 

Ulm, Ulma. 
Upsala, Upsalia. 
Urbino, Urbinum. 
Utrecht, Trajectuin. 

Valladolid, Vallisoletum. 
Valois, Valesia. 
Venice, Venetiae. 
Vercelli, Vercellae. 
Verdun, Verodunum. 
Verona, Verona. 
Versailles, Versalia. 
Vicenza, Vicentia. 
Vienna, Vindobona. 
Vienne, Vienna. 
Vincennes, Ad Vicenas. 
Vistula, R., Vistula. 
Vitcrbo, Viterbium. 

Wallachia, Valachia. 
Warsaw, Varsovia. 
Weimar, Vinaria. 
Weser, R., Visurgis. 
Wiesbaden, Thermae'Mattiacae, 
Wight, Isle of, Vectis. 
Winchester, Venta Belgarura 
Wittenberg, Vitemberga. 
Worcester, Vigornia. 
Worms, Wormatia. 

York, Eboracum. 

Zante, Zacynthus. 
Zurich, Turicum, Tigurium. 



027 



GLOSSARY 

OF 

A FEW COMMON ENGLISH NAMES. 

WITH CLASSICAL OR LATER LATIN EQUIVALENTS. 



Albert, Albertus. 

Alexander, Alexander. 

Alfred, Aluredus. 

Anna) , 

i Anna. 
Anne ) 

Antony, Antonius. 

Arthur, Arturus. 

Augustine, Augustinus. 

Beatrice, Beatrix. 
Benedict, Benedictus. 
Bernard, Bernardus. 

Cecil, Caeciiius. 
Cecilia, Caecilia. 
Celia, Celia. 
Charles, Carolus. 
Claude, Claudius. 
Clement, Clemens. 
Constance, Constantia. 
Cyprian, Cyprianus. 
Cyril, Cyrillus. 

Edmund, Edmundus. 
Edward, Eduaraus. 



Ellen ^ 
Eleanor /Helena. 
Elinor ) 
Emily, Aemilia. 

Felix, Felix. 

Florence, Florentia. 

Francis ) ,, 

„ , Stranciscus. 

rrank ) 

Frederic, Fredeuicus. 

George, Georgius. 
Gregory, Gregorius. 

Helen, Helena. 
Henry, Henricus. 
Hilary, Hilarius. 
Horace, Horatius. 

James, Jacobus. 
John, Johannes. 
Joseph, Josephus. ~ 
Julia, Julia. 
Julian, Julinnus. 
Justin, Justiuus. 



Lawrence, Laurentius. 
Lewis, I.udovicus. 
Lucy, Lucia. 

Margaret, Margarita. 
Mark, Marcus. 
Mary, Maria. 

Patrick, Patrieius. 
Paul, Paulus. 
Peter, Petrus. 
Philip, Philippus. 

"Ralph, Radulfus. 
Randolph, Randolphus. 
Richard, Ricardus. 
Robert, Robertus. 

Stephen, Stephanus. 

Thomas, Thomas. 
Timothy, Timotheua. 

Valentine, Valcntinua. 
Vincent, Vincentius. 

Walter. Gualtorus. 
William, QuUelmng. 



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