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'JO* DON, PARIS, NEW YORK <b MELBOURNE. ^MCMIV ^
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City, utah 84150
PKEEACE.
In preparing a Revised Edition of the Latin-English part of this
Dictionary, the aim 1ms been so to adapt the work that it may
be suited for the middle forms of public schools. It is above all
intended to be a Dictionary of Classical Latin, and thus a .large
number of archaic, or post-Augustan words, have been omitted,
while nearly all the important articles have been entirely re-
written, chiefly with the v.ew of introducing a greater number
of quotations to illustrate constructions and usage. The historic
and geographical notices have been largely in<£ >sed in mr
and lessened in size. Etymologies have been added,
those of an unambitious kind. It is hoped that tl
changes that have been made in type and classificati
the work more intelligible, and so more useful. I
" closely follows and in many points is based on the
Dictionary of Professor Georges.*
- AtufBhrlicb.es Latemisch-Deutsches Handworterbuch von Karl Ernst Georges.
Siebunte Auflage. Leipzig. lfc<0.
EXPLANATION OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN THIS WORK.
ablat. ablative.
absol. absolute, absolutely, i.e. without de-
pendent case or adjunct.
abstr. abstract.
accios. accusative.
act. active.
adj. adjective.
adv. adverb.
al. I. alia lectio or alii legunt (a different
reading).
ap. followed by a proper noun, e.g., ap. Cic.
— iu the works of.
appellat. appellative (when a proper noun
is used as a common noun, e.g. when
Achilles = a brave, handsome man).
attrib. attribute or attributive.
a. Aug. ante-Augustan.
Aug. Augustan.
c. common.
conj. conjunction.
collect, collective.
compar. comparative.
concr. concrete.
conn, connected.
correl. correlative
constr. construction.
contr. contraction or contracted.
cp. compare.
dat. dative.
decl. declension.
defect, defective.
demonstr. demonstrative.
de.p deponent.
desidtr. desiderative.
diff. different.
dim. diminutive.
dissyll. dissyllable.
ilistrib. distributive.
<*?<&. doubtful.
eccl. eceles, astical
•A. edition.
e.g. exemv li gratia (for example).
ellipt. elliptical, elliptically.
enclit. enclitic.
Eng. English.
esp. especially.
etc. et cetera.
eth. dat. ethic dative.
etijm. etymology.
evphem. euphemism or euphemistical.
euphon. euphonic, euphonically.
ex. exs. example, examples.
/. feminine.
Jig. figurative or figure.
fin. or ad fin. at the end.
foil, followed by.
follg. following.
/■■ f. r,-.,
Fr. French.
freq. frequently or frequentative.
fut. future.
gen. general or generally.
genit. genitive.
'geogr. geographical.
Germ. German.
Gr. GrcAi.
gram, grammatical.
heterocl. heteroclite.
heterog. heterogeneous.
ib. ibidem.
id. idem.
i.e. id est (that is).
impcr. imperative.
iinperf. imperfect.
impers. impersonal.
inanim. inanimate.
inchoat. inchoative, inceptive.
inded. indeclinable.
indef. indefinite.
indie, indicative.
infin. infinitive.
init., in, or ad init. at the beginning.
interns, intensive.
interrog. interrogative.
..•tijkj .v
VJ11
SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued).
>■/. pluperfect.
'. poetical or poetically.
po'.U. political or politically.
posit, positive.
(?. preceding.
prep, pit-position.
. present.
probably.
pron. pronoun.
prop, properly,
prop, proverb or proverbially.
q.v. quod or quae vide (which see).
rtJL reflective or reflectively.
reg. regular or regularly,
re?, relative.
rdirj. religious.
rhct. rhetoric, rhetorical, or rhetorically.
Rom. Roman.
Sansc. Sanserif.
K. scilicet (that is to say, namely).
script, scriptor (writer).
sing, singular.
sq. seqnens (and the following).
subj. subjunctive.
subject, subjective or subjectively.
tnb$L substantive.
s»ff. snfflx.
mp. supine.
'. superlative.
s. v. sub voce.
syl syllable.
synenp. syncope or syncopated.
synonym, synonymous.
t.t. technical term.
trans/, transferred.
transl. translation or translated.
trisyll. trisyllable.
v. verb, vide, or vox.
voc. vocative.
intr. Intransitive)
i.q. idem quod.
irreg. irregular.
It. Italian.
I.at. Latin.
Iff. literal.
I. !<.ctio (reading).
locat. casus locativuu.
m. masculine.
WUttkeM. mathematical.
m*rf. medical or medically.
met. metaphorically.
meton. by metonymy.
mid. middle.
milif. military.
. manuscript.
MSS. manuscripts.
*. neuter.
iwuL nautical.
neg. negative.
neut. neuter.
non. nominative,
num. numeral.
objective or objectively.
onomatop. onomatopoeia or onomatopoeic.
of,), opposite t >.
ordinal.
orlg. original or originally.
T- l»ge.
p. adj. participial adjective.
p. £wj. post- Augustan.
partic. participle.
partit. partitive.
put. passive.
per/. perfect.
pert, person, personal, or personally.
jMtotoph. philosophical or philosophy.
pleoruut. pleonastical or plconastically.
pl*r. plural.
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS.
A. Aulas, Augustus, absolvo, antiquo, annus.
a.d. Ante diem (in dates).
A.U.C. Anno urbis conditae, ab urbe con-
dita.
B. Bonus or bene.
B.D. Bona Dea, bonuin datum.
B.L. Bona lex.
B.O. Bono online, bona omina.
B.P. Bono publico, bona possessio.
B.M. Bene merenti.
B.V.V. Bene vale, vale !
C. Cajus, conjux, condemno.
C. As num. sign= centum.
Cal. Calendae.
Cn. Cnaeus.
Corn. Cornelius.
D. Decimus, Divus, detis, dominns, decnrio,
dies, dabani.
D.D. Donodedit.
D.D.D. Dat donat dedieat.
D.M Diis manibus.
D.O.M. Deo Optimo niaximo.
D.P.S. De pecunia sua.
D.S. De suo.
D.N. Dominus noster.
E. Emeritus, evocatus.
E.M.V. Egregiae memoriae vir. *^*k
E.P. Equo publico.
E.Q.R. Eques Romanus.
F. Filius, fecit, lidelis, felix.
F.C. Faciendum curavit.
F.I. Fieri jussit.
Fl. Fhvius
Fl. P. Flamen perpetuus.
G. Ga.jus, Gallica, Geinina.
G.I. Germania Inferior.
II. Hie, etc., lmbet, liastata (cohors), heres,
lionos.
Har. Haruspex.
H.C. Hispania citerior.
Hor. Horatia tribu.
H.S. Hie situs est.
U.S. (Mistake for IIS.), sestertius, sester-
tium.
H.S.S. Hie siti sunt.
I. In, infra, ipse.
l.D. Idus.
I.H.F.C. Ipsius lieres faciendum curavifc
Im. Immunis.
Imp. imperium, imperator.
K. Kacso.
Kal. Kalendae.
L. m Lucius, libra.
L. As num. sign = 50.
51. Marcus.'
M'. Manias.
M. As num. sign = mille.
N. Numerius.
Non. Xonae.
O. Optimus, omnis.
P. Pnblius.
P.C. Patres conscript!.
P.M. Pontifex Maximus.
P.R, Populus Romanus.
P. VIII. Pedum octo.
Prid. Pridie.
Q. Quintus, que.
R. Rnfus, Romanus, recte, regnum, re€d»
•
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
B.P. Respubllca.
It. It. Ratlonea relatae.
8. Scxtus, Benatue, semlssis.
S. or Sp. Spin ins.
S.C. Senatus consultum.
S P.Q.R. Senatus popnlusqne Romanus.
T- Titus tribunus.
Ti. Tiberius.
Tr. pi. Tribunus plcbis.
U. UrbS (Roma).
V. Valeo, vir, vivus, vivens, votum.
X. = 10, and also in coins denarius.
X.Y. Decemvir.
XV. V. Quindecimvir.
ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF LATIN
AUTHORS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK.
App. Lucius Appuleius, philosopher, born
about 130 B.C.
Auct. b. Afr. Auctor belli African]".
Auct. b. Alex. Auctor belli Alexandrini.
Auct. b. Hisp. Auctor belli Hispani.
Caes. Caius Julius Caesar, historian, died
44 B.C.
Cat. C. Valerius Catullus, poet, born 87
B.C.
Cato. M. Porcius Cato, orator and historian,
j, died 147 b.c.
Cic. M. Tullius Cicero, orator and philoso-
pher, died 43 b.c.
Col. L. Jun. Moderatus Columella, writer
on husbandry, of the 1st cent. a.d.
Enn. Q. Ennius, poet, died 1G0 b.c.
Eutr. Flavins Eutropius, historian of the
4th cent. a.d.
Hirt. Aulus Hirtius, historian, died 43 b.c.
N Hor. Q. Horatius Flaccus, poet, died S b.c.
Juv. D. Junius Juvenalis, poet of the 1st
cent. a.d.
Liv. T. Livius Patavinus, historian, died
16 B.C.
Lucan. M. Annaeus Lucanus, poet, died
G5 A.D.
Lucr. T. Lucretius Cams, poet, died about
00 B.C.
Mart. M. Valerius Martialis, poet of the 1st
cent. a.d.
Nop. Cornelius Nepos, writer of biographies
of the 1st cent. a.d.
Oy. P. Ovidius Xaso, poet, died 10 a.d.
Pers. A. Persius Flaccus, satirist, died
02 a.d.
Petr. T. Petronius Arbiter, satirist, died
07 a.d.
Phaedr. rhaedrus, fabulist of the 1st cent.
A.D.
Plant. M. Accius (or T. Maccius) Plautus,
died 1S4 b.c.
Plin. C. Plinius Secundus (major), naturalist,
died 79 a.d. C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus
(minor), died about 100 a.d.
Prop. Sex. Aiuciius Propertius, poet, died
10 B.C.
'Q. Cic. Quintus Cicero, brother of M. Tul
lius.
Quint. M. Fabius Quiutilianus, rhetorician
of the 1st cent. a.d.
Sail. C. Crispius Sallustius, died -J 4 B.C.
Sen. L. Annaeus Seneca, philosopher, died
05 A.D.
Stat. P. Papillitis Statius, poet of the 1st
cent. a.d.
Suet. C. Suetonius Tranquillus, writer of
biographies of the 1st and 2nd cent. A-D.
Tac. C. Cornelius Tacitus, historian, born
between 50 and 60 a.d.
Tor. P. Terentius Afer, writer of comedies
of the 2nd cent. b.c.
Tib. Albius Tibullus, poet, died IS b.c,
Varr. M. Terentius Varro, writer on hus-
bandry, etc., born 82 b.c.
Veil. P. Velleius Paterculus, historian of
the 1st cent. a.d.
Verg. P. Vergiliua Maro, poet, died about
ID B.C.
Vitr. Vitruvius Pollio, writer on architec-
ture, died about 14 B.C.
TABLE OF THE ROMAN CALENDAR.
Days
of the
Month.
January! August,
December — 31 days.
March, May, July,
October— 31 days.
April, June,
November — 30
Sept.,
days.
February— 28 days,
in leap year. 29.
1
Kal. Jan. Aug
. Dec.
Kal. Mart. Mai.
Jul. Oct.
Kal. Apr. Jun.
Nov.
Sept.
Kal. Febr.
2
a.d. (auto diem) iv.
Hon. (Jan., Aug.,
Dec.)
a.d. VI. Non. Mart.
Mai. Jul. Oct.
a.d. iv. Non. Apr.
Jun. Sept. Nov.
a.d. iv. Non. Fel
ir.
S
a.d. in. ,,
i;
a.d. v. ,, ,,
a.d. in. ,,
J J
a.d. in. ,,
:i
4
Pridie ,,
»j
a.d. iv. „ „
Pridie ,,
JJ
Tridie ■ ,,
ii
5
Non. Jan.
Dec.
Aug.
a.d. in. ,, ,,
Non. Apr.
Sept. Nov.
Jun.
Non. Febr.
6
a.d. viii. Id.
Aug. Dec.
Jan.
Pridie ,,
a.d. VIII. Id. Apr
Sept. Nov.
.Jun.
a.d. viii. Id. Fel
)T.
7
a.d. vit. „
ii
Non. Mart. Mni.
Jul. Oct.
a.d. vn. ,,
»
ad. VII. ,,
n
8
a.d. vi. „
ii
a.d. viii. Id. Mart.
Mai. Jul. Oct.
a.d. vi.
J>
a.d. VI. „
ii
P
a.d. v.
ii
n.d. vn. „ ,,
a.d. v. „
ii
a.d. v. „
II
10
a.d. iv.
ii
a.d. vt. „
a.d. IV. „
II
a.d. iv. „
ii
11
a.d. in. ,,
ii
a.d. v. „ „
a.d. m. ,,
s»
a.d. in. ,,.
:i
IS
Pridie ,,
ii
a.d. iv.
Pridie ,,
)>
Pridie .,
II
13
Jd. Jan. Aug
Dec.
a.d. m. „ „
Id. Apr. Jun.
Nov.
Sept..
Id. Febr
14
a.d. xix. Kal,
. Jan.
Febr.
Pridie ,, ,,
a.d. xviii. Kal.
Jul. Oct. Dec
Mai.
a.d. xvi. Kal. M
art.
15
a.d. XVIII. „
n
Id. Mart. Mai. Jul.
Oct.
a.d. xvn. „
ii
a.d. xv.
:i
1C
a.d. xvn. „
it
a.d. xvii. Kal. Apr.
Jun. Aug. Nov.
a.d. xvi. ,,
ii
a.d. xiv. ,.
n
17
a.d. xvi. ,,
ii
a.d. xvi. ,, ,.
a.d. xv. ,,
ii
a.d. xm. .,
ii
18
a.d. xv. ,,
it
a.d. xv. ,, ,,
a.d. xiv. ,,
n
a.d. xji. ,,
ii
10
a.d. xiv. ,,
ii
a.d. xiv. „
a.d. xxii. ,,
ii
a.d. xt. ,,
i»
20
a.d. xni. „
ii
a.d. xtii. „ ,,
a.d. XII. ,,
ii
a.d. x. „
j)
21
a.d. xii. ,,
ii
a.d. xii. ,, ,,
a.d. xi. ,,
ii
a.d. ix. „
fi
22
a.d. xi. „
j>
n.d. xi. ,, „
a.d. x. ,,
ii
a.d. vn. ,,
'?
23
a.d. x. ,,
i>
a.d. x. ,, „
n.d. ix. „
ii
a.d. VII. ,,
!»
21
a.d. ix. ,,
n
a.d.ix. „ ,,
a.d. VIII. ,,
ii
a.d. VI. ,,
)»
25
a.d. vni. „
ii
a.d. vin. ,, ,,
a.d. vn. ,,
ii
a.d. v. .,
r>
M
a.d. vn. „
ii
a.d. vn. ,, ,,
a.d. vi. „
ii
a.d. iv. ..
n
27
n.l. vi.
I.
n.d. vi. „ ,,
a.d. v. ,,
n
a.d. in. ,,
a
28
a.d. v.
ii
a.d. v. „
a.d. iv.
1 1
Pridie
II j
29
a.d. iv.
n
a.d. iv. „ „
a.d. III. ,,
ii
|
30
a.d. ill. ,,
ii
a.d, m. ., „
Priil ic ,,
»i
31
' Pridie „
ii
Pridie ,, ,,
SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS PECULIAR TO
THE ENGLISH-LATIN SECTION.
I. — (a) Brackets ( ) enclosing the first syllable of a compound verb, de-
note that both the simple and compound forms of the verb are
in use, as (de)curri!re. Lack of space, as a rule, has prevented
the explanation of the difference in shades of meaning between
the two forms. "Where the student finds this a difficulty, a
reference to the Latin-English section will at once relieve him.
An English-Latin Dictionary serves its best purpose when it
encourages the beginner to consult quotations from Roman
authors in a good Latin Dictionary.
(b) Brackets enclosing a single letter ' denote that the word was
written sometimes with and sometimes without that letter.
Thus, ez(s)pectare shows that the two forms exspectare and
exjpectare were both in use. Ths-Jable at the beginning of
Messrs. Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary has frequently
been consulted in respect to the spelling of doubtful words.
(c) Brackets enclosing a whole word denote that the word may be
inserted or omitted according to the context. Thus for "tide,"
aestus (mar Minus) implies that aestvs maritiwus is the full
phrase, for which aestus alone may sometimes serve.
II. — Space has not allowed the insertion of much help in the way of
declensions and conjugations, but the genitive of nouns in
the fourth declension is given to distinguish them from those
of the first. Where such a genitive occurs in a phrase,
it is given thus, aestus, -u\- t maritimus. In a few other
instances of doubtful words, genitives are also given.
III. — * prefixed to a word denotes that it is of modern or very late
Latin origin, t appended to a word denotes that it is only
used, in the Classical period, by poets.
IV.—
alas = aliquis uhjm ^= aliquem
alqd = illiquid alqavi — aliquant
alcjs = alicujus alqo = aliquo
alei =: alicui alqd = aliqva
XIV
Ante and Tost Aug. = used by writers before and after the time
of Augustus.
Circumloc. = circumlocution.
Cla«s. — Classical, i.e. belonging to the best period of Latin literature.
Com. = used by the comic poets.
Comb. = in combination.
Eccl. = used by the ecclesiastical writers. The asterisk (*) is some-
times used to prevent a repetition of Eccl. after each of the
derivatives in a single paragraph.
Gram. = used by the Latin grammarians.
Inaorip. = found in inscriptions.
Jet. = used by the Jurisconsults, or lawyers.
Late ; very late = used by authors after the Classical period.
M d. Lat. = Latin of the Middle Ages.
Opp. = in opposition to.
V. — Abbreviations of the names of authors peculiar to the English-Latin
section of the Dictionary.
Ammian. Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 4th cent. a.d.
Cels. A. Cornelius Celsus. writer on medicine, 1st cent. A.D.
Curt. Q. Curtius Rufus. historian, probably 1st cent. a.d.
Linn. Karl von Linr ' :• Linnaeus, modern botanist, l!Hh cent.
Prise. Priscianus, grammarian. 5th cent. a.d.
Veget. Flavins Renatus Vcgetius. military writer, 1th cent. A.D.
VaL Max. Valerius Maximus, compiler of anecdotes, 1st cent. a.d.
* V
LATIN-ENGLISH.
Latin-English dictionary.
A a, the first letter of the Latin Alphabet.
a as an abbreviation, see the Table.
a, ah, interj. Ah ! Verg.
a, ab, abs, prep, with abl. (a stands be-
fore consonants except h ; ab before vowels, h,
and consonants ; abs only before c, q, t). Ab
denotes motion in any direction from a fixed
point (opp. ad). I. Lit., in space, A. Of motion,
1, away from; fuga ab urbe, Cic. ; 2, a, from
. . . to; ad carceres a calec revocari, Cic. ; ab
aliqno (esp. a me, a te, a se, a nobis, a vobis),
from the house of, Cic. With verbs of taking,
hearing, etc., such as accipio, enio, audio, cog-
nosco, comperio ; a me, from my purse, Cic. ; of
dependents or disciples, Zeno et qui ab eo sunt,
Zeno and his school, Cic; b, down from ; sus-
pendcre columbam a malo, Verg. ; c, usque ab,
right away from ; plausus usque ab capitolio ex-
citatus, Cic. B. 1, of direction, from; a supero
mari Flaminia (via), ab infero Aurelia, Cic. ; 2,
on 'the side of; a septentrionibus, on the north,
Caes. ; afronte, atergo, a latere, a dextro cornu,
Cic. ; ab novissimis, in the rear, Caes. C. Of
distance, from; 1, Lit., from a point, with such
verbs as abesse, distare, and with procul, longe,
prope ; ab millibus passuum, a thousand paces
distant, Caes.; 2, Transf., to express difference,
with such verbs as ditferre, discrepare ; quantum
mutatus ab illo, Verg. ; 3, of number or position,
after ; quartus ab Arcesila, Cic. II. Transf., A.
Of time, 1, with reference to duration, from ; ab
hora tertia bibebatur, Cic. ; a pueris, from boy-
hood, Cic. ; 2, with reference to distance of time,
from; cuius a morte hie tertius et tricesiinus an-
nus, Cic. B. Of various relations implying the
notion of starting from a point ; 1, of agency, with
pass, and intrans. verbs, bi/;reprehendiabaliquo,
Cic. ; interireabaliquo, Cic. ; 2 f of origin, from,
of; a, id facinus natum a cupiditate, Cic. ; b,
of naming, puero ab inopia Egerio inditum no-
meii, Liv. ; 3, in relation to; imparati quum a
niilitibus turn a pecunia, Cic. ; 4, from, out of
(of part of a number) ; nonnulli ab novissimis,
Caes. ; 5, in relation to the part of the body with
which a person serves ; servus a pedibus,/oo<ma?i.,
Cic. ; a inarm servus, umanuensis, Suet.
abactus -a -ran, partic. of abigo.
abacus -i, m. (d/3af). 1, a counting-board,
Pers. ; 2, a gaming-board divided into compart-
ments, Suet. ; 3, a sideboard, Cic. ; 4, in archi-
tecture, a, mosaic panelling; b, the square slab
on the top of a column.
abalienatlo -onis, f. alienation of property,
Cie.
aballcno, 1. to separate. A. Lit., 1, to
separate, Plaut. ; 2, to alienate (property) ; agros
populi, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to deprive ; abalien-
ati Jure civiura, Liv. ; 2, to estrange; aliquem
eb aliquo, Cic.
abe
Abas -antis, m. king of Argos, father of
Acrisius; hence, a, adj., Abanteus -a -urn;
b, Abantiades -ae, m. a descendant of Abas,
Acrisius (son of Abas), Perseus (great-grandson of
Abas).
abavus -i, m. a great-great-grandfatlier, Cic. ;
and in general, forefatlter, Cic.
Abdera -orum, n. plur. ('ApSrjpa, ra). I. a
town in Tlirace (now Polystilo or Asperosa), birth-
place of Protagoras and Democritus, noted for the
stupidity of its inhabitants ; hie Abdera, here
reigns stupidity, Cic. ; also Abdera -ae, f.
Oy._ II. a town in Spain (now Adra). Abde-
rites -ae (abl. -a), m. an inhabitant of Abdera, Cic.
abdicatio -onis, f. 1, disowning of a son,
Plin. ; 2, renouncing of an office; dictaturae, Liv.
1. abdlco, 1. 1, to renounce, disown ; aliquem
patrein, Liv. ; 2, to abdicate (a magistracy by a
formal declaration), se non modo consulatu sed
ctiani nbsrtate, Cic. ; in Sail, and Liv. with
simple accusative, magistratum, Sail. ; dictatu-
ram, Liv. ; absol., ut abdicarent consules, Cic.
2. abdico -dixi -dictum, 3. t. t. of augury, '
to refuse assent to, disapprove of (opp. addico) ;
quum tres partes (vineae) aves abdixissent, Cic.
abdite, adv. secretly, Cic.
abditivus -a urn, removed, separated, Plaut.
abditus -a -um, p. adj. (of abdo), concealed, '
secret. I. Lit., vis abdita quaedam, Lucr. II,
Transf., res abditae et obscurae, Cic. ; neut.
plur., abdita rerum, deep thoughts, Hor.
abdo -didi -ditum, S. A. Gen., to put
away, wWidraw, remove; copias ab eo loco ab-
ditas, Caes. ; hence, 1, of a weapon, to drive in;
lateri capulo tenus ensem, Verg. ; 2. reflex., ab-
dere se in aliquem locum ; to withdraw oneself,
to retire; in intimam Macedonian!, Cic; in
bibliothecam; in litteras (or litteris), Cic. B.
to secrete, to hide ; ferruni veste, Liv. ; se in
scalarum tenebras, Cic.
abdomen -Inis, n. the belly, Plaut. ; especi-
ally as seat of the appetite, gluttony ; manebat
insaturabile abdomen, Cic. ; natusabdomini suo,
whose godis his belly, Cic. ; abdominis voluptatos,
pleasures of appetite, Cic.
abduco -duxi -ductum, 8. to lead or take
away. I, A. Lit., 1, aliquem e foro, Cic. ; 2, to
take away for punishment ; collegam vi Ue foro,
Liv. ; in lautumias, Cic. ; 3, to elope with ;
tiliam mimi Isidori, Cic. ; 4, to steal ; maucipia,
Cic. ; armeuta, Ov. B. Transf., to seduce a p«r-
son from his allegiance ; equitatum 1 Mabellae ad
se, Cic. II. In a wider sense, A. to relieve;
animum a sollicitudiuu, Cic B. to bring down,
to lower ; artein ad mercedem atque quaestum,
Cic. - 1
Abella -ae, f. town in Campania (now AveUo*
Vtcchia). Adj., AbeUanus -a -ran.
abe
ubco -ii -Hum -ire, to go away. I. A.
Lit, 1, Qen., ex ngria atque urbibus, Cic. ; ab
turbo, J.iv. ; do Stcilla, Cic; comitlo, Liv.; si
ubis periturus, if yon go to death, Verg.; hn-
iier., 1 1, n, pood, very well; non esnvarus, abi,
I"-. : b, ''•' off with you, so nliiu (for abisno) ;
«l»i in roalam rem, go to the devil, Plant ; abi
hinc ram trlbunatibus ac rogationibus tuis,
J.iv. Of things, abenntia vela, Ov. ; sol abit,
Plant. ; cornus sub altnm pectus abit, Verg. :
2, l'sp., ft, to come off (e.g. from a battle);
Komani semper vletores certaminc abire, Liv. ;
nemo lion donatus abihit, Verg. ; absol., abit mum
emu non esse, si accessisset, he could not have
got off unpunished, Cic.; b, to retire from a
public office; consulate, Clcj c, of the dying,
to depart; acl dcos, Cic; ad plures. to "the
great majority," Petr. ; o vita, Cic. ; d, in auc-
tions, not to be knocked down to; si res abiret
a iiT.iiif ipe, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Gen., non longc
abj you have not far to go (for an example),
Cic. ; QUOTSUm abeant, on which side will- they
range themselves ? Hor. ; 2, Esp., of a discus-
sion, to digress: illuc, nude abii, redeo, Hor. ; quid
ad istas ineptias abis? Cic. ; otiam tu hinc abis,
will you also go away? Cic. II. With notion of
disappearing; 1, of time, to 2wss away ; abiit
illo annus, Cic. : 2, of discuses, jam abiit posti-
lentia, Cic ; 3, of other things, to disappear,
vanish; sensua abit, Cic.; timor, tides abiit,
Liv. ; 4, of the consequences of an action, non
po3sc istacc ric abire, be without consequenci ■,
Cic. IIL With notion of transference from one
person or thing to another, 1, to go over ; a, to
a poison, ad sanosabeattutela propinquos, Hor. ;
b, to a thing, vigor ingenii velocis in alaset pedes
abiit, Ov.; 2, tochangeintu; sic dcusiu llanmias
abiit, i »v.
aboquito, 1, to ride off, Liv.
aberratio, -finis, f. an escape or relief from
anything irksome, Cic.
iiborro, I. to wander, lose one's way. I.
Lit., pecore, Liv. ; aberrantes ox agmine naves,
Liv. II. Transf., 1, to deviate from; a proposito,
1 ''■■ ; 2, to fire oneself from something irksome ;
a iniseria quasi abcrrare, Cic.
abhinc, adv. from hence. I. Of space, aufer
abhinc lacriinas, Lucr. II. Of time, reckoned from
the present moment backward ; annus ties, tri-
ennium, annla tribusabh\uc, three years ago, Cic
abhorrco, 2. I. Lit., to shrink back from, to
be disinclined to; a puce, Caes. ; aducendauxore,
Cic. ; with abi. alone, spcctaculorum oblecta-
. lac ; absol., onincsasperiiabantur, omnes
abhorrebant, Cic. IL Transf., to be inconsistent
with or opposed to ; oratio abhorret a persona ho-
ni.Cic; atide, tohe Incredible, Liv.;
ab eflectu liand abhorrens, hope capable of
realised. Liv.; oratlonea abhorrent inter
He, are inconsistent with one another, Liv. ; w li
simple abi., neque abhorret vero, Tac. ; with
bulctam pacataeprofectioniabliorrensmos,
Liv. Pres. part., ns .-m adjective, unseasonable,
inappropriate; absmdae atque abhorrentes lacri-
Liv.
ablognus -a -urn (abies), made of fir wood
or deal, t I
abics -fitls, f. I. the fir-tree (Pinns plcea,
Linn.), Liv. II. Melon., anything made of<i<<n ,■
a letter, because formerly written on wood, Plant. ;
u ship, Verg. ; o spear, Verg. (Ibletls, abietc,
tnsyll., \erg.)
ablgo -egi -actum. 3. (ab and ago). I. Lit.,
A. Ueu., todriv . volncrcs et fera^, Cic.
B. pp., 1, peens, to steal cattle, Cic. ; 2, partuin
inedioamentls, to procure abortion, Cic ; 3
Koran, to divorce, Suet. II. Fig., to banish,
i abi
get rid of; pauperiem epulis regum, Hor. Abactl
oculi, deep-sunk eyes, Stat.
abitio -onis, f. =abitus(q.v.).
abito, S. to go away, Plant.
abitus -us, m. (abeo), 1, a going away, de-
parture ; post aliituui huius, Cic; 2, place of
egress (opp. aditus), Verg.
abjecte, adv. abjectly, in a spiritless and
cowardly manner, Cic. ; meanly, Tac.
abj ectlO -onis, f. I. Lit., a throwing away, re-
jection. II. Transf., animi, despondency, despair,
Cic.
abjectus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
supeii. (abjicio) ; 1, of position, low, common;
familia abjecta atque obscura, Cic ; 2, of
character, cowardly, mean-spirited; animus, Cic. ;
3, despicable; contemptus atque abjectus, Cic. ;
4, without force, prosaic; versus, Cic. ; oratio
humilis ct abjecta, Cic.
abjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ab and jacio), to
throw down, or away. I. Lit., 1, scutum, anna,
Cic. ; scad pedes alicnius, Cic. ; 2, to throw down
violently ; aliquem ad tribuual, ad pedes tuos, ad
terrain virgis ct vcrberibus, Cic ; so in battle, to
strike to the ground, Verg. II. Transf. , 1, to pro-
nounce carelessly, to break, off abruptly; versiim,
Cic. ; ambitus non est abjiciendus, the period
must not be broken off abruptly, Cic. ; 2, to get
rid of, to dispose of; pecuniam, Cic. ; 3, to give
,», to let go; memoriam benenciorum, Cic. ; to
abandon; Scaurum, Cic; 4, to dash to the
ground, to deprive of all power; senatus ancto-
ritatem, Cic ; with reference to character, to
dishearten; se perculsum atque abjectum esse
sentit, Cic ; abjecta metu fllia, desponding. Cic. ;
5, Pig., to throw away ; cogitationes in rem tain
liumilem, Cic. ; seabjicere, to degrade oneself, Cic
abjudico, l. (opp. adjudico), as a judge, to
give sentence against any one; to take an- ■ hy a
judgment; aliquid ab aliquo, Cic; sibi libeita-
tern, Cic
abjungo -junxi -junetum, !i. I. to unhar-
ness; juvencum, Verg. II, Transf., to estrange,
detach; abjuncto Labieno, Caes.; so ab hoc
dicendi genere, to keep from, Cic.
abjuro, 1. to abjure, deny on oath; pecuniam,
Cic. ; creditum, Sail.
ablativus -a -um, ablative. Subst., abla-
tlviis -i, in. (sc casus), the ablative, the. sixth
ease of the Latin noun, Quint.
ablcgatfO -onis, f. I. Gen., a sending away ;
juveiitutis ad bcllum, Liv. II. Esp., banish-
ment, = relegatio, Plin.
ablego, 1. I. Lit., to send away, remove to a
distance; honestos homines, Cic. ; pueros vena-
turn, Liv. ; aliquem a penatibus suis, Liv. II.
Fig., 1, hacc (legatio) a fratris adventu me
ablegat, prevents me from being present on my
brother's arrival, Cic. ; 2, niilit. 1. 1., to dislodge. ;
aliquem, Liv.
abllgurio, 4. to consume in luxury; patria
buna, Tor.
abloco, 1. to let on lease, Suet.
abludo, 3. Lit, to be out of tune with, hence
to be unlike; liaec a te non multuin abludit
imago, Hor.
abluo -lui -latum, 3. to wash. I. In the sense
of cleansing, pedes alicnius, cic ; pass., ablui,
to be washed clean, Cic. II. In the sense of
removing:, to wash away. A. Lit., macnlas e
veste, Plin, ; lacriinas, Tac. ; poet., sitis de cor-
pore. abluitur, is quenched, Lucr. B. Transf.,
omnia perturbatio animi placationeabluatur, Cic.
ablutfo -Onis, f. a washing away, ablution,
Plin.
abn
y
abs
abnego, 1. to deny, refuse; alicui conjugium
et dotes, Veig. ; nee comiteiu se abnegat, Hor. ;
absol., abnegat, Verg.
abnepos -otis, m. great-great-grandson,
Suet.
abneptis -is, f. a great-great-granddaughter,
Suet.
Abnoba -ae, m. a range of mountains in
Germany, where the Danube rises.
abnocto, 1. to stay out all night, Sen.
abnormis -e (ab and norma), irregidar, un-
conventional ; abnormis sapiens, one of Nature's
'philosophers, Hor.
abnuo -nui -nfiiturus, 3. to refuse by a
motion of the head or eye, deny; inanu abnuit
quidqnain opis in se esse, gave a sign with his
liand that he could not help, Liv. ; regi paceni,
Sail. ; nemo abnuit a se connnissuni esse fa-
ein.us, Cic. ; spes abnuit, it does not admit of
hope, Tib. ; of soldiers, to refuse to fight, Liv.
abnuto, 1. to deny (by a nod) repeatedly,
Plaut.
aboleo -evi -Ituni, 2. to destroy. I. Lit., Pop-
paeae corpus non igni abolituni, Tae. ; viscera
undts, to cleanse, Verg. II. Fig., to do away
with; magistratum, Liv. ; dedecus annis, Verg. ;
ritus, sacrificandi disciplinani, Liv.'
abolesco -evi, no sup., 3. to perish; non abo-
leseet gratia facti, Verg. ; nbuien vetustate abo-
levit, Liv.
abolitio -onis, f. a removing, abrogating,
annulling, abolition; legis, repeal, Suet. ; tribu-
torum, Tac. ; facti, amnesty, Suet.
abolla -ae, f. cloak of thick woollen cloth,
worn by soldiers ; prov., facinus inajoris abol-
lae, a crime on a larger scale, Juv.
abomino = abominor (q.v.).
abominor -atus sum, 1. dep. (ab and omen),
1, to deprecate an unfavourable omen; aliquid,
Liv. ; quod abominor, God forbid, Ov. ; 2, to
hate, detest, abominate (opp. optare), Liv. ; abo-
minandus, detestable, Liv. ; aboininatus, detested,
Hor.
Aborigines -urn, m. ('A/aopiyii-e?), tlw
Aborigines, an Italian tribe from whom the
Latins were said to be descended ; hence ori-
ginal inhabitants of a country (— avioxOoves),
Plin.
aborior -ortus sum, 4. dep. (opp. exorior),
1, of the heavenly bodies, to set, to disappear,
Varr. ; 2, to perish by untimely birth, Plin. ; 3,
poet., of the voice, to fail, Lucr.
aboriscor = aborior (q.v.).
abortio -onis, f. an untimely birth, mis-
carriage, Cic. r
abortivus -a -mu, prematurely born; Sisy-
plius, Hor. ; ovum, addled. Mart. Subst., abor-
tivum -i, n. (sc. medicamentum), drug for pro-
curing abortion, Juv.
abortus -us, m. a miscarriage, Cic. .
abrado -rasi -rasum, 3. I. Lit, to scrape
off, shave; supercilia, Cic. II. Transf., to squeeze
money out of a person, to extort ; nihil se ab A.
Caeciiia posse litium terrore abradere, Cic.
abripio -rlpui -reptum, 3. (ab and l-apio), to
snatch away, tear off, drag off. I. A. Lit., abripi
vi fluminis, Caes. B. Transf., Romulum si
natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, Cic. II.
A. to rob; non dona tantum sed simulacra hu-
minum, Tac. B. 1, to drag army; Cappadocem
de grege venalium, Cic. ; 2, to drag away to
punishment ; aliquem de convivio in vincula,
Cic; 3, to take away by force; filios e cow-
plexu parentura, Cic.
abrodo -si -sum, 3. to gnaw off, away, J'ers.
abrogatio -onis, f. an annulling or rep- ax-
ing ; legis, Cic.
abrogo, 1. A. 1, to repeal a law wholly, to an-
nul; legem, Cic. ; huic legi nee abrogari fas est,
nequo derogari ex hac aliquid licet neque tpta
abrogari potest, Cic. ; 2, to deprive (a magistrate
of his oilice) ; si tibi magistratum abrogasset,
Cic. B. Transf., to take away; fidem, to take
away a man's credit, Cic.
abrotdnum -i, n. and abrotonus -i, f.
(afipoTovuv), southern-wood, an aromatic herb,
Lucr., Hor.
abrumpo -rfipi -ruptum, 3. I, to break
off, loosen, separate. A. Lit., ramos, Ov. ; vincula,
Liv. B. Transf., se latrocinio Antonii, to break
away from, Cic. II. to tear off, to separate forci-
bly, to sever. A. Lit., pontem, Tac. B. Transf.,
I, to violate; fas, Verg. ; 2, to break off prema-
turely, to destroy; vitam, Verg.; medium ser-
moiiem, to break off in the middle of a speech,
Verg.
abruptio -onis, f. (abrumpo). I. a tear-
ing aivay ; corrigiae, of a shoe-latchet, Cic. II.
Transf. , divorce, Cic.
abruptus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (abrumpo), torn off; hence, I. steep,
precipitoxts. Subst., abruptum -i, n. a steep as-
cent or descent; sorbet in abruptum fluctus,
Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen. only subst, abrup-
tum -i, n. a precipice, tlie precipice of danger, the
road to ru&a ; in abruptum tractus, Tac. B. Of
character, rough; contumacia, Tac.
absccdo -cessi -cessum, 3. to go away, de-
part. I. Lit., A. Of persons, a curia, e foro,
Liv. ; (ia milit. 1. 1, to withdraw, retire; a Capua,
Liv. ; iinpers., Begio abscessum est, Liv. B. Of
things, to retire; quantum mare abscedebat, Liv.
II. Transf., A. of persons, 1, to retire from an
oitice or employment; 'non militaribus modo
sed civilibus quoque muneribus, Liv. ; 2, to de-
sert one; Pallada abscessisse milii, Ov. B.
Of things, 1, to go away ; somnus ut abscessit,
Ov. ; 2, to desert; cives caruui urbiuui quae
regno abscedunt, Liv.
absccssio -onis, f. (absccdo), a going away,
a separation, Cic.
abscessus -us, m. (absccdo), a going away;
I, of persons, going away (especially in battle),
withdrawal; Rutulum, Verg.; continuus abs-
cessus, Tac. ; 2, of inanimate objects, solis, Cic
abscido -cidi -cisum. 3. (abs and caedo), to
cut off. I. Lit., funcs, Caes. ; aquam, Liv. ; ca-
put, Liv. II. A. Transf., to separate; intersaep-
tis immlmentis hostis pars parti abscisa erat,
Liv. ; abscisus in duas partes exercitus, Caes.
B. to take away ; regibus spem auxilii sui, Liv.
absoindo -scldi -scissum, 3. to tear off, wrencli,
away. I. Lit., tunicam a pectore, Cic. ; vestem
hunieris, Verg. ; venas, to open the veins, Tac ;
poet., abscissa comas, with her hair torn, Verg.
II. Transf., A. to divide; terras Oceano, Hor.
B. to separate; inane soldo, Hor. C. to take
away; reditus dulces, Hor.
abscisus -a -um, p. adj. (from abscido), cut
off, hence precipitous ; rapes, Liv.
absoondite, adv. obscurely, abstrusely, Cic.
abscondo -condi (-condldi) -conditum (-con-
sum), 3. I. to conceal ; gludios, Cic. II. A. to
obscure; galea frontem abseoudit, Juv. ; hence
pass, of stars, to set, Verg. B. to lose sight i\f;
Phaeacum arces, Verg. C. to keep out of sight;
quod quo studiosius ab istis opprilnitur et ab-
sconditur eo magis. eminet et apparet, Cic.
absans -eutis (absuni), -up. adj. absent, Oi<*«
80S
absentia -ac, f. (absum), absence, Cic
ab«llio,4. (ab and sallo), to fjiring fort,'- , or
, I.mr.
absimilis -e, unlike; non absimili forma,
absinthium -I, n. (.i^nvtiov), wormwood,
I
abslsto -stlti, -stltuin, S. 1, to go away, fol-
lowed by ab or the abl. alone ; limine, Verg. ; al>
Bignia, Cars. ; absol., tandem abstitcrnnt, Llv.;
of tilings, ab orescintillae abststunt, Verg. ; 2,
(0 dsstei from ; with abl., obaidione, spe, Liv.;
with iniin., abaiste pioveri, cecut to be moved,
Verg, ; with gerund, mquendo, from following,
I.iv. ; accusator abstitit, the accuser withdrew
(..<■. from his accusation), Tac
absolute, ailv. jterfectly, completely; vivere
feliciter, absolute, Cic.
absdlutio -Onis, f. (absolvo), 1, acquittal;
majestatis, on the charge of treason, Cic; 2,
perfection ; virtus quae rationis absolutio deti-
nitur, Cic.
absolutdrius -a -urn, relating to acquittal ;
tabella, the voting-tablet that acquits, Suet.
Subst., absolutorium -ii, n. (sc. remedinin),
means of escape from, Plin.
absolutus a -urn, p. adj. with compar, and
Buperl. (absolvo). I. perfect, complete; vita,
II. unfettered, unconditional, absolute;
causa, Cic.
absolvo -solvi -solutum, 3. A. Lit., toloosen.
B. Transf., 1, a, to free ; se a Fannio jttdicio,
. aliquem regni su9picione, Liv. ; b, to ac-
quit ; improbitatis, Cic. ; capitis, Nep. ; reos
culpa, Ov. ; de praevaricatione, Cic. ; 2.. to dis-
post of in narration, to relate; de Catiltnae con-
juratione pnucis absolvain, 8all. ; 3, to complete,
to finish; tectum, Cic; opera, Caes. ; absolve
benefli :um tuum, Liv.
absonus -a -um. I, Lit., inharmonious; vox,
Cic. IX. Transf., disagreeing with, not corre-
spondent with ; absoni a voce motus, Liv. ; with
dat., nihil absonum fldei divinae originis fait,
Liv.
abaorbco -ill, 2. to swallow, to gulp down.
I. Lit., placentas, Ilor. ; Occanns vix videtur
M absorbere potuisse, Cic. II. Transf.,
nunc absorbult aestus gloriae, carried him off,
Cic. ; tnbunatus absorbet nicam orationem, ab-
sorbs, engrosses, Cic.
absque, prep, with abl. without; absque
argumento, Cic.
abstomfus -a -um fata and temum = teme-
tum), out who abstains from intorirating liquors,
' mious, moderate, Ov., Hor.
abstcrgco -terel -tenant, 2. to wipe off, to dry
I. Lit., criiorein, Liv. II. Transf.,
to ranowi someth rttdble; onmes senec-
tutia rauleaUas, Cic
absterrco -terrul -terrltum, 2. to frighten
rive away by fear. I. Lit., hostes
Liv. ; neminem a congrcssu meo, Cic.
II. Tranaf. <n frighten from, keep off from; eos
a tarn detestabili consilio, Liv.; aninios vitiis,
from vices, Hor. ; aliquem bello, Tac
absttnens -entls, p. adj. with compar. and
BTiperl. (absttn-^o), abstinent, continent, temper-
ate, Cic ; with genlt, pecuniae, Uor.
abatlncnter, adv. abstinently, continently,
a ootlnentla -a*, f. I. a&sifn«nce, continence,
self-denial, temperance; a\m>]., fasting ; abstiu-
•ntia vltam riuire, Tac. II. uprightness, Cic. ;
frteiL.ni from avarice, Cic.
aos
a :nco -ttniii -tcntum, 1. (aba and teneo),
to held back, to keep away from. I. Transf.,
maiiiis, Liv.; gen. with a and the abl. or with
the abl. alone, inilitem a pracda, Liv. : mantis a
sc, to abstain from suicide, Cic II. Reflex., ab-
Btinere sc, or simply abstinere; a, with the abl.
or with ab and the abl., se scelerc, Cic. ; u le-
mit is violandis, Liv. ; publico, not to go out,
Tac. ; b, with gettit., irarum, Hor. ; c, with
ace, llberas tubes, Liv. ; d, with ace. of thing
and dat. of person, Aeneae Antenorique omne
jus belli; e, with ne and the snbj., Liv.; f,
absol., non tamen abstinuit, Verg,
absto, 1. to stand at a distance, stand aloof, Hor.
abstr&ho -traxi, -traetnm, 3. I. Lit., to
drag away ; aliquem de tnatfis coniplexti, Cic;
naves e porta, Liv. ; aliquem a penetralibus,
Liv.; liberos in servitutent, Caes. II. Transf.,
A. aliquem ex tanto comitatu cliirissimorum
virnnt, to exclude, Cic. ; animus a corpore abs-
tractus, Cic. ; a bono in pravuni, Ball. B. 1,
to estrange ; copias a Lepido, Cic. ; 2, to restrain ;
ingressos in castra ab direptione abstrahere non
poterat, Liv. ; a rebus gerendis senectus abs-
trahit ; 3, to draw away from ; a bonis, Cic. ;
se a sollicitudine, Cic.
abstrudo -trust -trusum, 3. to jmsh away
from any place, to hide. I. Lit., sc in silvant
densam. Cic. ; aemina flammae abstrusa in venis
silicis, Verg. II. Transf., penitua abstrusus
animl dolor, deep-seated grief, Cic.
abstrusus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(from abstrudo). A. Lit., concealed, secret, Plin. ;
B. Transf., 1, abstruse; disputatio abstrusior,
Cic. ; 2, of character, reserved, Tac.
absum (abffti, abesse, itfui, affttUms, 5f6r-
ent, afore, etc., also occur). I. With regard
to motion, to be away, to be absent. A. Gen., ab
urbe or ex urbe, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to take no part
in ; ab hoc concilio, Caes. ; ab his studiis, Cic. ;
toto bello, Caes. ; 2, not to help; quo plus inter-
erat, eo plus aberas a nte, the more I needed you,
the less yon helped me, Cic. ; longe iis patermim
noiiien populi Romani afuturum, would be of no
avail, Caes. ; 3, to be wanting ; studiunt semper
sit, cunctatio absit, Cic. ; semper aves quod
abest, Liter. ; neqtte corpus neque animus a
vobis aberit, Sail. ; abest historianostris litteris,
Cic. II. As regards position, A. Lit., to be
distant ; ab urbe milia passuum ducenta, Cic ;
quatridui iter Laodicea, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
to be far from; longe a spe, Cic. ; so the im-
pcrs. iihrase, tautum abest ut — ut, e.g. tantum
abest ab eo ut malum sit mors ut verear, so
far is death from being an evil that I fear, etc,
Cic. ; so baud multinn, or procul abest, or
naulum abest, or minimum abest qttin, etc.;
baud ntultum afttit quin interlicerettir, he was
nearly killed, Liv. ; 2, to be free from (a. fault) ;
a culpa, Cic. ; a cupiditate pecuniae, Nep. ; 3,
to be fur removed (especially in phrases express-
ing a wish); procul absit gloria vulgi, Tib.;
nomen ipsum crucis absit non modo a corpore
civiuni Kontanoruni, etc, Cic. ; 4, to be firmly
opposed to; a consilio fugiendi, Cic; 5, to be
inconsistent with ; quod certe abest a tua virtute
et fide, Cic.
absumedo -Inis, f. consumption, Plant.
absumo -sumpsi -sumpttim 3. to take away.
I. A. to lessen, destroy, consume; res maternas
atque paternas, Hor. ; absumptis frugunt ali-
mentis, Liv. B. Of time, to waste; tempus
dicendo, Cic II. to destroy utterly. A. Of
things, iiicendium domos ahiumpsit, Liv. B.
Of living beings, to kill; tnultos pestilentis ab-
sumpsit, Liv.
absurde, adv. 1, harshly, discordantly;
abs i
canerc, Cic. ; 2, in bad taste; absurde et asrere
respondere verbis vultuque, Cic.
absurdus-a-um. I. Lit., tliat which offends
the ear, unmelodious, harsh; vox, Cic. II, Transf.,
foolish, unreasonable. A. Of tilings, vestrae
istac absurdae atque abhorrentes lacriinae, Liv. ;
liaud absurdum est, it is not out of place, Sail.
B. Of persons, incapable; homo, Cic. ; ingenium
baud absurdum, Sail. ; absurdus ingenio, Tac.
AbsyrtUS -i, m. CAi/zvpros), brother of Medea,
killed by his sister on her flight from Colchis.
abundans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and
supcrl. (abundo). I. Lit., of rivers, overflow-
ing ; amuis abundantissinms, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. abundant, rich; with abl., locus foutibus
abundans, Cic. ; with genit., lactis, Verg. B.
1, abounding in (thoughts, devices, etc.); abun-
dantior consilio, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, over-
loaded; non erat abundans, non inops tanien
oratio, Cic. C. numerous; abundante niultitu-
dinc freti, Liv. ; abundantes voluptates, Liv.
abundanter, adv. 1, abundantly; abun-
dantius occurrere, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, copi-
ously ; loqui, Cic.
abundantia -ae, f. 1, abundance, richness,
plenty; onjnium reruni quas natura desiderat,
Cic. ; voluptaturn, Cic. ; 2, riches, wealth, Tac.
abunde, adv. copiously, excessively, extrava-
gantly ; promittere, Lucr. ; satisfacere, Cic.;,
with adj., abunde magnus, Sail. ; tibi abunde
est, you are more than satisfied, Pliu. ; abunde
libcrtatem ratus, thinking liberty more than
enough, Sail. Subst. with genit., terroruni ac
fraudis abunde est, Vcrg.
abundo, 1. 'to overflow. I. Lit., flumina,
Lucr. ; abundat aqua, Liv. II. Transf., A. to
grow in abundance; de terris abundant her-
baium genera, Lucr. B. to abound; porco, Cic. ;
ingenio et doctrina, Cic; absol. , to be rich;
quum ex reliquis vel abuudare debeam, cogor
niutuari, Cic.
abusio -onis, f. (abutor), in rhetoric, a
false use of words, Cic.
abusque, prep, with abl. = usque ab, from;
1, as regards position, Oceano abusque, Tac. ;
2, as regards time, Tiberio abusque, Tac.
abusus -us, in. (abutor), using up, wasting,
Cic.
abutor -usus sum, 3. dep., with abl. I. to
use; nisi omni tempore, quod mihi lege con-
ccssum est, abusus ero, Cic. II. to make full
use of, to use fully. A. In a good sense, sagaci-
tato canum ad utilitatem nostram, Cic. B. In a
bad sense, to waste; militum sanguine, Cic;
insoleuter et iiuiuodice indulgentia populi
Romaili, Liv. C. to use a word wrongly ; verbo,
Cic.
Abydus (Abydos) -i, f. and Abydum -i, n.
(~A£u6os). I. a town in Asia Minor, on the
Hellespont (modern Aidos or Avido). II. a town
in Egypt. Adj., Abydenus -a -urn ; juvenis
or absol., Leandcr, Ov. ; plur., Abyderii -orum,
the inhabitants of Abydos, Liv.
Abyla -ae, f. ('A/3u'A.j)), a mountain on the
African side of the Straits of Gibraltar, forming
one of the so-called Pillars of Hercules (now Sierra
Zimiera).
ac, v. atquc.
Accidentia -ae, f. OAicaimteia), the Academy,
a grove near Athens where Plato taught ; hence,
mcton., the Academic school of philosophy, Cic. ;
henco, too, u gymnasium on Cicero's estate at
Tvsculum, called after the Athenian Academy.
Acadcmicu« -a -urii ('AKa%*«c<w). I. fec-
lenfinn 'o Wte 4oad.emy at Athens; philosophi,
acc
Cic. ; hence plur. subst., AcSdemici -orum,
in. the Academic philosophers. II. belonging to
Cicero's gymnasium, called the Academy; hence
plur. subst., Academica -orum, n. a treatise
of Cicero on the Academic philosophy.
Acadcmus -i, in. ( AxdSijiuo?), a Greek hero,
after whom the Academia was named.
acalanthis -idis, f. (aica\av0is) =acanthis,
q.v.
Acamas -antis, Hi. f Aica^a?), 1, son of Theseus
and Phaedra, Verg. ; 2, promontory in Cyprus,
Plin.
acanthis -Wis, f. (aKav8is), a small dark
green bird, the thistle-finch, Plin.
1. acanthus -i, m. (aK<u>0os), 1, bear's foot, a
plant, Verg. ; 2, a thorny evergreen Egypfw.it
tree, Verg.
2. Acanthus -i, f. CKk<xv6os), a town in the
Macedonian pieninsula — Chalcidice.
acapnos -3n (a<can-vot), without smoke ; ligna,
burning without smoke, Mart.
Acarnanes -urn, m, (AKapvaves), Acarna-
nians; Acaiiinnuin amuis, the Achelous, Ov. ;
sing., Acarnan^-anis, an Acarnanian, Verg.;
hence Acarnania -ae, Acarnania, a country on
the west of Greece, between Epirus and Aetolia.
Adj., Acarnamcus -a -um.
AcastUS -i, hi. ("A/caoros). I. son of the
Thessalian king Pelias, father of Laodamia,
brother of Alcesiis. II. a slave of Ciytro.
Acca Larentia, a Roman goddess of the
fields, according to the legend, the wife of the
herdsman Faustulus, and the nurse of Romulus
and Remus. Larcntalia or Accalia -iuin, u.
her .festival at Rome in December.
accedo -cessi -cessum, 3. (ad and cedo), to
approach, to come near. I, Lit., A. Gen., 1, of
persons, with the accusative and ad; ad urbem,
Cic. ; alicui ad aurem et dicere, to approach
any one to whisper, Cic ; with in, in aedes,
Cic. ; in funus, to join the funeral procession,
Cic. ; with simple accusative, scopulos, Verg. ;
Jugurthain, Sail. ; absol., to approach, Cic; 2,
of lifeless subjects, febris accedit, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, to come as a suppliant; senatus sup-
plex accedit ad Caesarem, Cic. ; quo accedain
aut quos appellem, Sail. ; 2, to come as an
enemy ; usque ad eastra, Caes. ; with simple
acc, loca hostiliter, Sail. ; 3, to come to an auc-
tion to bid ; ad illud scelus sectionis, Cic. ; ad
hastam, Liv. ; 4, to approach the city (Rome) as
a candidate for a triumph ; ad urbem, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., 1, of persons, ad amicitiam
Philippi, Nep. ; sea propius accedam, de his
nostris testibus dicam, Cic. ; 2, of lifeless sub-
jects, accedit nianus extrema operibus, Cic. ;
fervor accedit capiti, the wine mounts to his
head, Hor. B. Esp., 1, of time, to approach ;
quo propius ad mortem accedam, Cic ; 2, to
enter upon some ujork; ad rem publicam, to be-
gin public life, Cic. ; ad vectigalia, to engage in
the collection of the taxes, Cic; 3, to assent to;
ad conditioues, Cic. ; 4, to fee added, to in-
crease; ad eas (naves) captivae Massilieusiiun
accesscrunt sex, Caes. ; quo plus aetatis eiacced>
cret, the older he became, Cic. ; iis tan turn iidu-
ciac accessit ut, etc, Caes. ; hence the phrases,
hue accedit, eo accedit, hue accedit suimnus
tiiuor, Cic. ; often followed by ut and quod,
with the meaning of simply moreover; 5, to
fall to one's share, to come to one; num tibi still-
titia accessit, Plant. ; alicui animus accedit, Cic. ;
6, to approach, to become like; propius ad deos,
Cic.
accelero, 1. I. Trans., to quicken, to acceler.
ate; iter, Caes. ; consulatunj alicui, Tac IX
ace
8
ace
Intrans., to hasten; si accclcrare volent, Cic. ;
accclera, signifer, Liv. „
accendo -ccudi -censum 3. (ad ami * cando,
c.visat. of candeo), to kindle, to set on fin-. I.
A. Lit., facos, Cic. ; tus, Liv. B. Met., to
lighten up; lima radiis solis accensa, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., to kindle as a light; virtutuin
quasi scintillulao e onions accendi philosophi
ralio debet, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to inflame; plebia
aninuini. Sill. ; aniinos l>cllo, to excite to war,
Von?. ; ira accensus, Liv.; 2, to provokt; spcin
invidiam, Liv.; stndia Numidarnm in Jugurtham
nccenaa, the enthusiasm of the N. for J.), Sail. ;
3, t<> increase ; quum co magis vis venti accensa
asset, Liv.
Uccenseo -censum, 2. to reckon in addition;
occcuseor illi, / am his comrade, Ov.
1. accensus -a -tun, part, of accensco. I.
Generally used in plural, accenai -orum, lit.
those numbered with ; originally, the fifth class of
n citizens, who in battle stood in the last
ranks,' and were also employed in constructing
imblic roads, hence the supernumeraries, Liv.
I. accensus -i, m. a subordinate public officer
(in the service of the decemviri, consuls, and
praetors), Cic.
2. accensus -a -nm, partlc. of accendo.
acceptlo -r.iiis, f. a reception, acceptance,
Cic. ; trumentl, receipt, Sail.
accepto, 1. (intens. of accipio), tn receive,
Tlaut.
acceptor -oris, m. one who approves, Plant.
acccptrix -icis, f. she who receives, Plaut.
accoptus -a -urn. p. adj. with coinpar. and
Superl. (from accipio), welcome, pleasant, agree-
able ; 1, of persons, with the dat., qui maxime
plebi accept us erat, Caes. ; 2, of things, nihil
est deo acceptius quam, etc., Cic
aocerso = arocsso (q.v.).
acoessio -onis, f. (accedo),a going or coming to.
J. LH., suis accessionibus, by the audiences which
he gave, Cic. II. Transf;, A. increase; dignitatis,
Cic. ; pecuniae, Ncp. B. addition, appendage ;
■ accessionem adjunxit aedibus, Cic. ; minima ae-
cessio semper Epirus regno Macedoniae fuit,
Liv. C. addition to a tax ; decumae, Cic.
acccssus -us, in. (aceedo),an approach to. I.
Lit., A. ad urbem nocturn'us, Cic. ; acccssus
stellarum ct reccssns, Cic. ; accessus et rccessus
ac'gtnum, ebb ami flow, Cic. B. admittance to a
person; dare alicui accessuin, Ov. C. means
of approach, entrance ; oinncm acccssum lus-
trare, Vcrg. II. Transf., ad res salutares, in-
clination to, Cic. ; ad causam, leading up to a
subject, Cic.
1. accido -cidi -cisum, 3. (ad and caedo), 1,
Lit, to hew or luickat; aut ab radicibus subruere
aut acciderc arbores, Cars. ; 2, Transf, to
weaken, ruin; Latinorum etsi pariter accisae
copiae sint, Liv. ; res accisae, Cic.
2. accido -cidi, no sup. 3. (ad and cado), to
f"'l down, to full to. L Lit., A. Gen., ad terrain,
Plaut. B. Esp., 1, of missiles, tela ab omiii
parte accidebant, Liv. ; 2, to fall at the feet of,
to ask assistance; ad pedes omnium, Cic. ; 3, to
come to the ear* or notice of; vox aceidit ad
hostes, Liv. II. Transf., A. to happen (gener-
ally of misfortunes, opposed to evenio) ; si quid
tdversi accldlsset, Caes.; iinpers., 1, aceidit,
followed by ut, ca.su aceidit ut id priinua imn-
tiaret, Cic. ; by quod, aceidit perincommode
(rood eum nosqnam vidisti, Cic. ; by infinitive,
nee accident mihi opus esse, Cic. ; 2, si quid
alicui accid.at, if anything liappcns, i.e. if lie
dies, Cic. B, to fall out; ut omnia contra opini-
onetn apcjderent, Caca, --«
accico, 2. obs. form of accio (q.v.).
accingo -cinxi -cinctum 3. I. Lit., to gird to
or on ; ensem lateri, Vcrg. ; miles non accinctus,
u narmed, Tac. XI. Transf., to equip,toarm; reflex.,
sc accingere, and pass, accingi ; a, to arm one's
self; studio popularinm accinctus, Tac. ; magi-
casaccingier artes, Vcrg.; b, to make one's self
ready i accingi ad consulatum, to strive for the
consulship, Liv. ; accingunt opcri = se accin-
gunt, Vcrg. (Infill, pass., accingier, Vcrg.)
accio -ivi (-ii)-itum, 4. to call to, summon, fetch ;
haruspices ex Etruria, Cic. ; aliquem in ndop-
tionem, Tac. ; with double ace, aliquem doctor-
cm filio, Cic.
accipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ad and capio).
I. to take, receive. A. Gen., 1, accipere pecu-
niain, Cic. ; 2, of business transactions, aliquid
(alicui) acceptuin referre, to enter on the credit
side of an account book, Cic. ; hence subst., ac-
ceptum -i, what is received; codex accepti et ex-
pensi, an account book, Cic. ; 3, where the thing
received is a person, cujus abavi nirmibus esset
accepts (Mater Idaea), Cic. ; 4, to receive in or
on a part of the body ; alvus onine quod accepit
cogit atque confundit, Cic. ; aliquem greniio,
Verg. ; 5, to receive in a friendly manner; a,
Itomanos in arcein, Liv. ; in amicitiam, Cic. ; in
deditionem, Caes. ; b, of places, pavidos Sam-
nitcs castra sua accepere, Liv. ; c, to receive as
agucst; hospitio, Cic. ; B,totreat, a, in a friendly
way ; aliquem leniter clementerqne, Cic. ; b, in
a hostile way ; aliquem verberibus ad necem,
Cic. ; 7, With reference to the senses, to hear ;
orationein, Cie. ; pronis auribus accipi, to be
willingly listened to, Tac. ; of the understanding,
to grasp ; quae parum accepi, Cic. ; of the judg-
mcut, to take; aliquid in bonuni partem, to take
in good part, Cic. ; verisimilia pro veris, Liv. ;
with double ace, bencficium contuineliam, to
take a kindness for an insult, Cic. B. to accept,
not to reject ; pacem, Liv. ; omen, Cic. ; legem,
Cic. II. In a wider sense, to get, receive, obtain ;
1, lucrum, Cic; adulterinos nummos pro bonis,
Cic; 2, to feel ; dolorem, Cic; 3, to hear;
multa auribus accepisse, multn vidisse, Cic. ; ut
accepi a senibus, Cic. ; 4, to learn; primes aries
ab iisdem magistris, Ov. ; usuin ac disciplinam
ab aliquo, Caes.
accipiter -tris, in. I. Lit., a hawk, Cic. II,
Transf., pecuniae, an avaricious person, Plaut.
accitus -us, m. a summons, Cic.
Accius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous member of which was Accius, a
celebrated, dramatic poet (born A.C. 170). Adj.,
Acclaims -a -um, of Accius ; versus, Cic.
acclamatio -onis, f. a loud cry ; 1, an out-
cry against; non modo ut acclamationa sed ut
convicid et maledictis impediretur, Cic. ; 2, a
cry if approbation, Liv., Cic
acclamo, 1. (ad and clamo), 1, to cry out
at (in derision or disapproval); alicui, Cic. ; popu-
lus cum risu acclamavit ipsa esse, Cic. ; 2, to
cry out in approval ; oinnes acclamarunt gratias
so inter cetera etiam ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,
Liv. ; 3, with ace. of person, to name by ac-
clamation; aliquem servatorem liberatoremque,
Liv. ; si liocentem acclamaverant, Tac
acclaro, 1. to make clear, to reveal (of omens),
Liv. ; uti tu signa nobis certa acclarassis (foz
acclaravcris), Liv.
acclinis -e. I. Lit., leaning on anything;
trunco arboris, Verg.- II. Transf., inclined to;
acclinis falsis animus, Hor.
acclino, 1. (ad and * clino). I. Lit., to lean on
anything; se in ilium, Ov. ; castra tumuli sunt
acclinata, Liv. II. Transf., to incline to ; baud
gravate so appUnatnros ad cau.saiii seflatus, J4y,
ace
ace
acclivis -e (ad and clivus), gently inclined
upwards; pars viae, Cic. ; collis leniter ab in-
fimo acclivis, Caes.
acclivitas -atis, f. acclivity, gentle inclina-
tion upwards, Caes.
accllvus -a -um, v. acclivis.
accola -ae, m. (ad and colo), one who lives
near, a neighbour; Oceaui, Liv. ; Cereris, near
the temple of Ceres, Cic. ; as adj., pastor accola
ejus loci, dwelling near that place, Liv. ; accolae
fluvii, neighbouring rivers, Tac.
accdlo -colui -cnltum, 3. to livenear; locum,
Cic. ; gentes quae Macedoniain acoolunt, Liv.
accommodate, adv. agreeably to ; ad veri-
tatem, Cic.
accommodatlo -onis, f. 1, a proportion, or
adjusting of one thing to another; verborum et
sententiarum ad inventionera ace, Cic. ; 2,
courtcousness, complaisance ; ex liberalitate atque
accommodatione magistratuum, Cic.
accommodatUS -a -um, p. adj. with corn-
par, and superl. (from accommodo), adapted,
suitable to; 1, of things, with ad and the ace,
puppes ad magnitudinera fluctuum tempesta-
tenique accommodatae, Caes. ; with dak, oratio
hominum sensibus ac mentibus accominodata,
Cic. ; 2, of persons, with ad and the ace, homo
ad Verris ilagitia libidincsque accominodatus,
Cic. ; with dat., servus vilissimus nee ouiquam
serio ministerio accominodatus, Tac.
accommodo, 1. (ad and cominodo), to
fit, put on. I. Lit., insignia, Caes. ; coronam
sibi ad caput, Cic. ; lateri ensem, Verg. II.
Transf., to make suitable, to adjust; testes ad
crimen, Cic. ; orationem auribus auditorum,
Cic. ; in omnem eventum consilia, Liv. ; se
accominodarc or accommodari, to adapt one-
self; ad voluntatcin alicuius et arbitrium et
nutuni totum se fiugere et accommodare, Cic.
accommodus -a -um, fit, adapted to, Verg.
accredo -didi -dituin, 3. (ad and credo), to
believe, give credence to; alicui, Ilor. ; absol.,
vix accrcdcns, Cic.
accresco -crevi -cretuin, 3. (ad and crcsco),
to grow, to increase. I, Lit., Hitmen subito
accrcvit, Cic. II. Transf., quum dictis factisquo
omnibus ad faciendum instructis varia accres-
ceret fides, Liv. ; trimetris accrcscere jussit no-
men iambeis, ordered to be joined to, Hor.
accretio -onis, f. (accresco), increase; lu-
minis, Cic.
accubitio (accubatio) -5uis, f. the act of re-
clining at table, Cic.
accubitus -us, m. = accubitio (q.v.).
acciibo, 1. (ad and cubo), to lie by the
side of. I. Gen., humi, Liv.; of wine, Sul-
piciis horreis, Hor. II. Esp., to recline at
table ; in convivio, Cic. ; cum aliquo, next to,
Plaut. ; apud aliquem, at the house of (as a
guest), Cic. ; accuba, take your place, Plaut.
accudo, 3. to hammer together, Plaut.
accumbo -ciibui -eubituin, 3. (ad mid
*cumbo), to lie down; 1, in via, Plaut. ; 2, es-
pecially used of the Romans at the dinner table,
where each person lay upon a sofa, supported on
his left elbow ; in sinualicujus, to sit next to any
one at table, Liv. ; cum aliquo, next to, Mart. ; apud
aliquem, at the house of (as a guest), Cic.
accumulate, adv. abundantly, copiously,
Cic.
accumulator -Oris, m. one who 7if«ps to-
gether ; opum, Tac.
accumiilo, 1. (ad and cumulo), to heap up,
to accumulate, J, Lit., auget, addit, acciwmlat,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, to heap on a person, give
in abundance ; alienas res, Liv. ; alicui summum
honorem, Ov. ; 2, to overwlielm; animam nepotis
his donis, Verg. ; 3, to increase ; caedeic caede,
Lucr. ; curas, Ov. .
accurate, adv. carefully, exactly, accurately;
aliquid studiose accurateque faccre, Cic. ; per-
scribere, Cic. ; aedificare, Caes.
accuratio -onis, f. accuracy, carefulness,
Cic.
accuratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from accuro), careful, exact, accurate;
oratio, Cic. ; accuratiorem delectum habere,
Liv. ; accuratissima diligentia, Cic.
accuro, 1. (ad and euro), to take care of, to
prepare with care; victum et cultum, Cic.
accurro -curri and -cucurri -cursum, 3. (ad
and curro), to run to, to run up, to hasten up ;
ad praetorcm, Cic. ; equo admisso ad aliquem,
Caes.; of things, to occur; istae imagines ita
nobis dicto audientes sunt, ut, simulatque veli-
mus, accurrant, Cic.
accursus -us, m. a running to, concourse,
Tac.
accusabilis -e, blameworthy, Cic.
accusatio -onis, f. I. an accusation ; accu-
sationem factitare, Cic. ; coinparare atque con-
stituere, to prepare with evidence, Cic. ; plur.,
acres accusationes, Cie II. Met., the indict-
ment ; accusationisquinque libri, of the orations
against Verres, Cic.
accusator -oris, m. 1, an accuser (strictly
only in regard to state offences, while petitor is
a plaintiff in a private suit) ; petitoris personam
cupere, accusatoris deponere, Cic. ; 2, an in-
former, Juv.
accusatorio, adv. after the manner of an
aixuscr ; loqui, Cic.
accusatorius -a -um, pertaining to an ac-
cuser ; lex, Cic.
accusatrix -icis, f. a female accuser, Plaut.
accusito, 1. (frcq. of accuso), to accuse
frequently, Plaut.
accuso, 1. (ad and causa), to accuse (gener-
ally in public eases) ; 1, aliquem ad populum(of
the tribunes), Liv. ; a, with genit., of the offence,
aliquem ambitus, Cic. ; b, with abb, de veneficiis,
Cic. ; c, with propter, propter injurias, Cic. ; d,
with inter, inter sicarios, of assassination, Cic. ;
e, with genit., of the punishment, capitis, on a
capital charge, Cic. ; 2, to blame, find fault with ;
aliquem aspere et acerbe in senatu, Cie ; fol-
lowed by quod and the subj., and by cur with
the subj., Cic.
1. acer -6ris, n. t/ie maple tree, Ov.
2. acer -cris -ere (from root AC, as acuo,
acies, etc.), sharp, cutting. I. Lit., of sharp
tools, hastas acri ferro, Tac. II. Transf., A. Of
the senses ; 1, of taste, biting; rapula, Hor. ;
2, of touch, sharp; dolor corporis cujus
niorsus est aeerrimus, Cic. ; 3, of hearing,
shrill ; vox, Lucr. ; flauiinae sonitus, crackling,
Verg. ; 4, of smell, penetrating; unguenta sum-
mc ot acerriiua suavitate condita, Cic. ; 5, of
sight, keen; aeerrimus sensus videndi, Cic. B.
Relating to the feelings ; 1, of emotions, pain-
ful; cura, Lucr. ; 2, of the understanding,
vigorous; judicium ucrius ct ccrtius, Cie; 3,
of the character, a. energetic; homo ad perdisc-
endum aeerrimus, Cic. ; in ferro, brave in fight,
Cie; b, passionate; acerrima uxor, Plaut.;
so of the passions themselves, amor gloriao,
Cic. ; c, hence of abstractions, supplicium,
Cic. Subst., acre -is, n. acrimony, severity
(opp. to ridicuhim), Hor. ■ -
ace
acerbe, adv. L bitterly, harshly ; accusare,
Cic ; acerbius invchl In aliquem, Cic ; acer-
bissimedicere, Caes. II. with difficulty or pain,
aliquid fcrrc, Cic.
acerbitas -Stis, f. I. Lit., bitterness of hut e,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, harshness; moruni, Cic. ; 2,
painful ness ; temporis Sullani, Cic. ; in plur.,
calamities, Cic.
acerbo, I. to make bilter, to aggravate or
heighten; crimen, Verg.
hcerbus -a-um. I. A. Lit., l,bitterintaete,
sour, used- especially of unripe fruit ; hence =
raw, unripe, immature; uva, Phaedr. ; partus,
premature, Ov. B. Transf., 1, of the voice,
harsh; stridor, Plin. ; acerba sonans, Verg. ; 2,
of the touch, rough; frigus, Hor. ; 3, of the look,
dark, gloomy ; vultus acerbi, Ov. ; acerba tuens,
with angry look, Verg. II. Fig., A. Of persons,
morose; acerbos e Zenonis schola exire (of the
Stoics), Cic. B. Of things, 1, painful, severe,
harsh; acerbissima tribute, Cic. ; 2, of speech
or writing, bitter ; minaces et acerbae litterae,
Cic. ; 3, of events, painful; incendium, Cic.
acernus -a -um(l. acer), made of maple wood,
Verg., Hor.
acerra -ae, f. a casket for keeping incense,
Cic.
Acorrae -aruin, f. town in Campania, on
the river Clanius (now Acerra).
accrsecomes -ac, m. (i^po-eKo/xi^), having
unsliorn hair, Juv.
acervalis -e, Vwt which is heaped up =
o-upciT>)5, an argument by accumulation, Cic.
acervatim, adv. I. Lit., in heaps, Lucr.
II. Transf., dicere, to sum up, to speak compre-
hensively, Cic. ; multa acervatim frequentans,
crowding together a number of thoughts, Cic.
acervo, 1. to heap vp; promiscue acervati
cumuli homimuu, Liv.
acervus -i, m. (connected with oyeipw), a
heap. I. Lit., tritici, Cic; insepulti acervi
civiuin, Cic. It, Transf., A. ft multitude; facin-
orum, Cic. B. Logical term, argument by ac-
cumulation, Cic.
acesco acfii, 3. (aceo), to grow sour, Hor.
Acesta -ae, f. ('Axe'cri)), an old town in the
north of Sicily, also called Egesta and Segcsta
Castel a Mare di Golfo) ; hence Acest-
onscs -Ium, inhabitants of Acesta.
Acestcs -ae, in. king in Sicily, of Trojan
descent.
acetum -i, n. (aceo). I. Lit., vinegar, Cic.
II. Transf., acutcness, wit; Italo perfusus aceto,
Hor.
Acbael -dram, ID. (A\aioC). I. the Achaeans,
inhabitants of the Greek country of Achaia, Liv. ;
also, a, tlie Greeks in general, Plin. ; b, the in-
habitants of the Roman province of Aclwia, Cic. ;
Q. inhabitants of a Greek colony on the Euxine, Ov.
II. Hence, 1, Achaeus -a -urn, a, belonging
to the Greek country of Achaia, Lucr. ; b, Greek,
belonging to Vie Roman province of Achaia, Cic;
2, Achaia -ae, f. (Axaia), or Achaja -ae, f.
a, the Greek country of Achaia, in the north of
the Peloponnese, Ov. ; b, after 140 B.C., the
Roman province of Achaia (including the whole
of Greece except Thessaly), Cic. ; 3, Achaias
-Ad is, f. a Greek woman, Ov. ; 4, Achaicus
-a-um, Greek. Cic, 5, Achais -Idos, an Achaean
, Dv. ; poet. = Greece, Ov. ; 6, Achaius
-a -uin, Greek, Verg. ; 7 Achivi -Oram, m. the
Homeric Greeks (genit, plur., Achivom and Achi-
vum). Adj., Achivus a -um, Greek, Ov.
Achaemenes -is, m. fAxou^'cr)?), graml-
f'Mher of Cyrus, and founder of the Persian line
8 aci
of the Achaemenidae. Hence adj., Achae-
menins -a -um, Persian, Ov.
Acharnaa -orum, f. ('A^npcoi), a town in
Attica. Hence adj., Acharnanus -a -um, bom
at Acharnae.
Achates -ae, m. (Axdrt]<;), 1, river in Sicily;
2, friend of Aeneas.
Acheldus -i, in. ('Ax f *a ,o 0. a river between
Acarnaniaavd Actolia; hence, A. Achelolas
-Ad is, f. daughter Jiftht. river-god Achclous, Par-
thenope, Ov. B. AcheloiUS ■a'-nm, belonging
to the river-god Achclous, Ov. C. Acheloides
-vim, f. the Sirens, Ov.
Acheron -ontis, in. ('Axe'pw>')i 1, a river in
Thcsprotia, flowing through the swamp Ache-
rusia (now Gurla, or river ofSuli); 2, ft river in
ISrultii '.(now Mucone or Lese); 3, Mythol., river
in the lower world, hence the lower world, itself;
Acheronta niovebo, Verg. ; fugere Acheronta, to
become immortal, Hor.
Acherontia -ae, f. « small town in Apulia,
Hor.
Acheruns -untis, m. and f. Latin form of
Acheron, the lower world. Hence adj., Ache-
rusius -a -um. Subst., Acherusia -ae, f. a,
a swamp in Thesprotia ; b, ft lake in Campania ;
c, « cavern in Bitiiynia.
Achilles -is, m. ('AxtAAeu's), and Achillous
-6i, in. ft Greek hero, son of Peleus and Thetis;
appell., ft brave handsome man, a hero, Verg. ;
hence, L, Achilleus-a-um, relating to Achilles ;
2 ? Achillides -ae, in. CAxi\x*l&ri$), a descendant
of Achilles.
Achivus -a -um = Achaeus (q.v.).
Achradina -ae, f. CAxpaSivij), the most im-
portant part of the city of Syracuse, Cic.
Acidalia -ae, f. ('A<i&a\ia). a surname of
Venus, from the fountain Acidalia in Boeotia,
where the Graces, daughters of Venus, bathed.
Adj., AcidallUS -a -um, belonging to Venus;
nodus, the girdle of Venus, Mart.
acidus -a -um (aceo), sharp. I. Lit., sour
in taste, acid, Hor. il. Transf. , disagreeable, un-
pleasant, Hor.
acies-ei, f. (AC, rootofacuo), keenness, edge.
1. Lit., of a sharp instrument, securis, Cic. ;
lig.,patimur hebescereacieinhoruni auctoritatis,
Cic. II. Transf., A. Of the eye, \, piercing look;
ne vultum qnidem atque aciem oculorum ferre
potuisse, Caes. ; 2, vision ; bonum incoluinis
acics, malum caecitas, Cic; poet., the twinkling
of the stai s, Verg. ; 3, the pupil of the. eye, Cic. ;
met., the eye itself, Verg. ; hence, 4, of tlie mind,
insight, keenness; auimi, ingenii, mentis, Cic. B.
Milit. t.t., 1, an army drown up in line of battle,
a, ft single line ; prima, Caes. ; novissiina, Liv. ;
and b. the whole army; aciem instruere, Cic;
2, battle; Pharsalica, Cic. ; in acie vincere, Caes. ;
poet., Vulcania, mass of fire, Verg. Transf., ft
battle in words, Cic.
Acilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which were : 1, Man.
Acil. Glabrio, Consul a.c. 192, conqueror of Antio-
chusandthe Aetolians ; 2, C. Acil. Gkibrio, author
of a Roman history in Greek.
Acilla, and Acylla, and Acholic -ae, f.
town of the Carthaginians in Byzacium (near
modern Elalia).
acmaces -is, m. (a/ai>aKrjs), a short Persian
sabre, Hor.
acinus -i, m. and acinum -i, n. a berry
(esp. grope), Cic
acipenser -Bris (aclpcnsls -is), in. a fish,
highly prized by the Romans, the, sturgeon accord.*
ing to Cuvier, Cic.
act
act
Acis -Wis, m. ("Axis), 1, a river in Sicily,
near Aetna, famous for its cokl water (now
Fiume di Jaei), Ov. ; 2, Mytliol., « beautiful shep-
herd, lover of Galatea, Ov.
aclys -ydis, f. (perliaps shortened from ayxv-
Ai'i), a small javelin, Verg.
Acmonia -ae, f. a town ofPhrygia, on the road
from Dorylaeum to Philadelphia (now Ahatkoi);
hence Acmonensis -e, relating to Acmonia.
Acmonides -ae, m. ('Ak/joWSiiO, one of the
workmen of Vulcan.
aconitum -i, n. (axovirov), a poisonous herb,
monk's hood, aconite, Plin. ; poet. = poison, Verg.
acquiesco -qulevi -quIStum, 3. (ad and quies-
co), to rest, repose; 1. physically, a, of persons,
tres horas, Cic. ; euphem., to die; aunoacquievit
sexagesimo, Nep. ; b, of things, aures in eo ac-
quiescant, Cic. ; rem familiarem acquiescere, not
to be seized, Liv. ; 2, mentally, a, mentis agi-
tatio quae uumquam acquiescit, Cic. ; b, to find
rest or comfort in ; in his (litteris tuis) acquiesco,
Cic. ; c, to be satisfied or pleased with ; in adoles-
centium caritate, Cic. ; Clodii morte, Cic.
acquiro -quislvi -quisitum, 3. (ad and quaero).
1. to add to, acquire, as an increase to what is al-
ready possessed ; dignitatem, Cic. ; vires acqniiit
eundo, Verg. II. A. Gen., to acquire, get; tri-
umphos de populis, Tac. B. Absol., to amass
money ; acquireudi insatiabile votum, Juv.
acra -ae, f. (d/cpa), a summit, height, promon-
tory, Plin.
Acraeus -a -um (axpaios), that which is upon
a height, surname of Jupiter atui Juno, Liv.
acratophoron -i, n. (a>cpo.To<t>6pov), a vessel
for holding unmixed wine, Cic.
acredula -ae, f. a bird (variously explained
as the thrush, the owl, or the nightingale), Cic.
acriculus -a -um (2. acer), somewhat sharp,
violent ; ille acriculus, Cic.
acrimonia -ae, f. 1, sharpness of taste or
pungency of smell, Pliu. ; 2, energy of speech and
demeanour, Cic.
Acrlslus -ii, m. ("AKpio-tot), a king of Argos,
father of Danae. Hence, 1, Acrlsione -es, f.
Danae'; 2, Acrisioniades^-ae, in. Perseus,
son of Danae;' 3, adj., Acrisloneus -a -um,
arces, Argos, Ov.
acrlter, adv. (2. acer), sharply, violently,
strongly ; 1, of the senses ; a, of the sight, acri-
terintueri solem, steadfastly, withoutbeing dazzled,
Cic. ; b, of touch, painfully; caedunt acerrime
virgis, Cic. ; c, of hearing, penetratingly, Plin. ;
2, of the mind, etc. ; a, of the understanding,
with sharp insight; videre vitia, Cic; b, of ac-
tion, courageously ; se morti offerre, Cic. ; c, of
the passions, passionately ; acerrime exspeetare,
longingly, Cic; in speech, violently; vituper-
are, Cic.
acroama -atis, n. (aKpoa/jia), that which is
heard with pleasure; Esp., 1, an entertain-
ment at table of reading or music, Cic. ; 2, Meton.,
Vie person who conducts such an entertainment, a
reader, actor, or singer, Cic.
acrSasis -is, f. (axpdao-ts), an assembly of
persons to listen to reading aloud, Cic.
Acroceraunia -orum, n. 1, part of the Cc-
raunian mountains, v. Ceraunius ; 2, appell.,
a dangerous place ; haec Acroceraunia vita, Ov.
Aero cor in thus -i, f. ('Aicpoicdpii>0os), the
citadel of Corinth, Liv.
1. acta -ae, f. (oktj)), the sea-shore, tlie beach,
especially as a place of recreation, Cic ; hence,
meton., the pleasures of life at the seasule, Cic.
1*
2. acta -orum, n. (part, of ago), 1, actions;
Caesaris nnn modo acta varum etiam cogitata,
Cic; 2, public acts, ordinances ; servare, Cic;
especially the register of these acts ; a, of the
senate, Tac. ; b, of the people, Cic. ; c, of courts
of justice, Cic ; acta diurna, a kind of ojjicial
gazette published daily in Home, Tac.
Actaeon -onis, m. ('AicTaiW), sonofAris'sicits,
a hunter, who for seeing Diana while bathii^j was
turned into a stag, and torn to pieces by his dogs.
Act© -es, f. CAkttj), coast land, an old name
of Attica ; hence, a, Actaeus-a-um, belonging
to Attica or Athens; subst., Actaei -orum,
the people of Attica; b, Actias -adis, f. Attic,
Verg.
Actiacus -a -um, v. under Actium.
actio -onis, f. (ago). I. motion, hence the
action of tlie body; 1, of an orator, gesture,
Cic. ; 2, of an actor, action, Cic. II. A. Gen.,
doing, action; gratiarurn, giving of thanks, Cic ;
primas eius actiones horreo, Cic. B. Esp., pub-
lic action ; 1, the action of any nutgistrate, pro-
posal; consularis, Cic. ; actio de pace sublata
est, Liv. ; 2, action in a court of justice; a, the
bringing of an action; inquieta urbs actiov.imis,
Tac. ; b, the action itself; actionem instiluere,
constituere, intenderc, Cic ; and so, c, tlie
formula used in bringing an action; actiones
componere, to draw statements of claim, Cic ;
and gen., a legal formula; actiones Hostilianae,
Cic. ; d, the speech on an indictment ; actiones
Veninae, Cic. ; e, tlie pei-mission or right to bring
an action; actionem habere, postulare, dare, ac-
cipere, rcstituere, Cic. ; f, the hearing of an
action ; altera, tertia, Cic.
actito, 1. (freq. of ago), to be busy in pleading
or acting, used of the theatres and courts of
law ;~oausas multas, Cic. ; tragoedias, Cic
Actium -ii, u. (*Aktioi>). I. a promontory in
Acamania, on which stood a temple of Apollo ;
hard by was fought the naval battle (a.c. 81) in
which Augustus conquered Antony and Cleo-
patra. II. a roadstead near Corey ra. Hence
adj., 1, Actiacus -a -um ; frondes, the leaves of
the bay tree, sacred to Apollo, Ov. ; legibnes,
those that fought at Actium, Tac. ; 2, ActiUS -a
-um ; bella, the battle of Actium, Verg.
actor -oris, m. (ago), 1, a driver; pecoris, Ov.;
2 f an actor; secundarum et tertiarum partium,
Cic; S, a, one who accomplishes anything;
rerum, Cic ; b, <: public speaker, Cic. ; c, the
plaintiff in an action, Cic. ; d, the manager of
property or finances ; actor publicus, one who
manages public property, Tac.
Actorides -ae, m. CAKropiint), a descendant
of Actor, e.g. , Menoetius (son of Actor), or Patro-
clus (grandson of Actor), Ov.
actuariola -ae, f. (dim. of actuaria), a small
skiff, Cic.
actuarius -a -um (ago), easily moved, swift;
actuaria navis, a swift-sailing vessel, Cues. ;
navigium actuarium, Caes. Subst., actuaria
-ae, f. Cic.
actiiose, adv. actively, with energy, Cic
actuosus -a -um, active; virtus, Cic; of a
speech, effective, Cic.
actus -us, m. (ago). I. motion; fertur
magno mons improbus actu, Verg. II. putting
in motion. A. 1. driving of cattle; leviadinonitu,
uon actu, infleclit illam feram, Cic ; 2, Meton.,
rigid of way for driving cattle, carts, etc., Cic. B.
movement of tlie body; of an actor or orator,
gesture, Liv. C. 1, esp., presentation of a piece
on the stage; fabollarum, Liv.; 2, division of a
piece, an act; in extremo actu corruere, Cic. ; 3,
Trausf., extremus actus aetutis, Cic.
act
10
add
actutum, adv. immediately, directly, Liv.
aculeatus -a -urn (aculens). I. Lit., of
plants and animals, provided with prickles or
stings, Plin. II. TransC, sluirj) pointed, sting-
ing; littcrae, Cic. ; Bophisma, hair-spatting,
subtle, Cic.
aculeus -i, ra. (dim. of acus), sting. I. A.
Of animals, apis, Cic. B. Of missiles, point ;
sagittae, Liv. II. Transf., especially in plur.,
A. sarcasm ; aculei in C. Caesarem, Cic. B.
sting; sollicitudinuin, Cic. C. deep impression
(of a speech) ; orator cum dclectatione aculeos
rellnquit in animis, Cic.
acumen -Inis, n. (acuo), the sharp point of
anything. L Lit., stili, Cic. II. Transf., A.
jtoint (of something witty) ; etiam interpretatio
nominis habet acumen, Cic. B. sharpness of
understanding ; ubi est acumen tunin ? Cic. C.
cunning, trickery ; argutiae et acumen ejus, Cic.
actio -fii -fltum, 3. (AC, root of acus and
acies), (o sharpen to a point. I. Lit., to whet (a
cutting instrument); gladios, Liv. II. Transf.,
to sharpen, practise. A. linguani exercitatioue
dioettdi, to make more fluent, Cic. ; iugenia
adolescentium, Cic. B. to inflame ; iram
hostis ad vindicandas iujurias, Liv. C. to en-
courage, incite; juventutein ad dicendum, Cic.
acus -its, f. (AC, root of acuo and acies), a
needle, a bodkin; vulnus, quod acu punctum
videtur, Cic. ; acu pingere, to embroider, Verg. ;
acu rem tetigisti, yon have hit the right nail on
the head, Plant.
acute, adv. (acutus), keenly. I. Of the
senses, cernere, Lucr. ; of the voice, shrilly;
sonare, Cic. IL Of the understanding, keenly;
acute arguteque respoudere, Cic.
ftcutulus -a -urn (dim. of acutus), toinewhat
subtle, Cic.
acutus -a -uin, p. adj. with compar. and
RUperl (from acuo), sharpened, pointed, acute.
I. Lit., sagitta, Ov. ; of anything pointed, cornua
lunae, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of physical sensa-
tions, 1, referring to particular senses ; a, of
hearing, shrill; vox, Cic. ; ace. neut. as adv.,
rcsonare triste et aeutum, Hor. ; b, of touch,
piercing; geln, Hor.; 2, of the whole body,
painful', morbus, Hor.; poet., acuta belli, the
hardships of war, Hor. B. Of mental perceptions,
1, sharp, keen ; populi Romani oculos esse acres
atque acutos, Cic. ; ace> neut. as adv., cernis
ncutum, you. have keen sight (for the failings of
others), Hor. : 2, of persons, keen-sighted, vigor-
ous ; homo acutus magis quam eruditus, Cic. ;
of orators, effective ; orator, Cic.
ad, prep, with ace, expressing direction,
Is, to. I. Of space, A. Lit., 1, of motion,
Is ; concurrere ad curiam, Cic ; ad Dianoe
venire, to tlu temple of Diana (sc. aedem), Ter. ;
ad me, ad te, etc., to mi/ house, Cic. ; so of ex-
tension, ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem
suiiimum, Cic. ; 2. of rest, in the direction of,
near; sedere ad latna ejus, Cic. ; esse ad portas
(of Roman generals waiting outside Rome for a
triumph), Cic. ; esse ad aliquem, to 6c on a visit to
a person, Cic. ; ad judicem, before a pudge, Cic. ;
ad tibiam, to the sound of the flute, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to express direction or extent; a,
of direction (a) esp. with verbs Implying mo-
tion, as movere, uucere, etc. ; (/3) of striving
after an object, with such nouns as enpiditas,
aviditas, etc., and such adjectives, as acer, pro-
pensus, etc. ; (y) of aim or purpose, to, for; adju-
torem ad injuriam, Cic. ; so with adj. like natiis,
aptus, etc., and verbs as adjuvarej etc. ; ad id,
for that object, Liv.; quid ad rem? what is the
object of this? Cic. ; quid ad me, what has this
to do with me ? Cic. ; so (aa) of medicines, for,
against; radieum genera ad (to cure) morsns
bestiarum, Cic; (/30) of occupation, to, for;
Rervos ad remnm dare, Liv. ; (£) in relation /".•
i i; ■ j iilti'1- ail labores belli, Cic; (e) in comparison
with; scuta ad amplitudinem uorporum parum
latii, Liv.; b, of extent, to,vpto; (o)virgisad
necem caedi, Cic. ; ad extremmn, ultimuin, en-
tirely; homo non ad extremmn perditus, Liv. ;
ad sumiuain, 071 the whole, Cic ; (£) of numbers,
to the amount of, etc ; ad unnm cmnes, all to a
man, Cic. ; ad assem perdere, to lose your last
farthing, Hor.; (7) near to, about; (fuiinus)
omnino ad duccntos, Cic. ; 2, a ? in addition
to; ad cetera banc quoquo plagam lnlligerc, Cic. ;
ad hoc, besides, Sail. ; b, in consequence of;
ad fainam belli novas legiones scribere, Liv. ; c,
according to (some standard); ad istorum nor-
mam, Cic. ; ad verbnm, literally. Cic II. Of
time, 1, a, of extent, up to; ab hora octava
ad vesperum, Cic. ; ad hoc tempus, till now,
Cic. ; quern ad finem? how long? Cic. ; b, of
duration ; ad paueos dies, for a few days; 2, of
point of time, a, at, towards; 110s te hie ad
mensem Januarium expectamus, Cic. ; ad luceni,
in the morning, Cic. ; ad tempus, in due time,
Cic. ; b, within; ad annum tribunum plebis
fore, Cic.
aclactlo -Onis, f. (adigo), a driving to, com-
pulsion; jurisjurandi (obligation), Liv.
adactus -us, m. (adigo), a bringing to ; den-
tis, a bite, Lucr.
adaeque, adv. in like Manner, Liv.
Tidaequo, 1. A. Lit., to make equal villi ;
moles moenibns, Caes. B. Transf. , 1, to equalise;
a, with cum and the abl., cum virtute fortunam,
Cic ; b, witli dat., se virtute nostris, Cic. ; so to
compare; fonnam, aetatem, genus mortis magni
Alexandri fatis, Tac ; 2, to come near to ; alti-
tudinein muri, Caes. ; deorum vitam, Cic.
adamanteus -a -urn, hard as steel, Ov.
adamantinus -a -am (aSanoiriro?), made
of hard steel, adamantine, Hor.
adamas -ant is, m. (aSa/xas), 1, the hardest
steel, adamant; nexae adamant e catenae, Ov. ;
poet., anything that is firm, unyielding, and
durable; in pec-tore ferrum aut adamanta gerit,
Ov. ; voce sua adamanta movere, « heart of steel,
.Mart. ; 2, the diamond, Plin.
adambulo, 1. to walk by or near anything,
Plant.
adamo, 1. I. to fall in lore with; aliquem,
Liv. II. to find pleasure in; equos, Cic;
gloriam, Cic.
adamussim, v. amussis.
adaperio -perui -pertum, 4. to open fully;
adapertae fores portae, Liv.
adapertilin -e, that which is capable ofbt ing
opened ; latus tauri, Ov.
adapto, 1. to fit to, adapt, Suet.
adaquo, 1. to supply with water, to give to
drink, Plin.
adaquor, 1. dep. to fetch water; of soldiers,
Caes.
ddauctus -us, m. (adaugeo), an increase,
Lucr.
adaugeo -auxi -auctum, 2. l f to increase, to
augment; bonuni, Cic. ; 2, of sacrifices, to devote,
Plant.
adaugesco, 3. to begin to increase, Cic. poet.
adbibo -blbi -bibitum, 3. 1, Lit, to drink,
drink in, Ter. ; 2, Transf., of the ears; verba
puro pectore, Hor.
adbito, 3. to go near, Plaut.
addecet, v. impers. it becomes, suits, Plaut.
add
11
adh
addenseo, 2. and addenso, 1. to make
thick, orcomjKtct; extremi addensent acies, Verg.
addico -dixi -dictum, 3. to assent to; 1,
t.t. in augury, to promise favourably (of the
omens of birds), Li v. ; 2, to award; a. of a
judge, especially the praetor (whose formula was
do, dico, addico); alicni bona, Cic. ; liberum
corpus in servitutem, Liv. ; esp., to award a
debtor as a slave to his creditor; ob creditam
pecuniam addici, Liv. ; addictus, a debtor thiis
adjudged a slave, Liv. ; b, of an auctioneer, to
knock down to a bidder; funduin alicui, Cic;
alicui aliquid nummo sestertio, or simply
nunnno, to give (by a fictitious sale), Cic,
Ilor. ; to put up for sale (of the vendor) ; aedes,
Cic. ; transf., regna pecunia, Cic. ; 3, to give up
or over, alicuius bona in publicum, to confis-
cate, Cic. ; aliquem perpetuae servituti, Caes. ;
so addictus, bound, pledged; nullius addictus
jurare in verba ministri, Hor. ; se alicui, in a
bad sense, to give oneself up to slavishly; se sena-
tui, Cic.
addictio -onis, f. (addico), the judge's award;
bonoruni possesskmumque, Cic.
addictus -a -um, v. addico.
addisco -didld, no sup. 3. to learn, in addi-
tion; artem, Cic.
additamentum -ij n. an addition ; Ligus,
additamentum inimicorum meorum, Cic.
addo -didi -dltum, 3. I. to give to, to give,
to place. A. Lit., epistolas in fasciculum, Cic. ;
soleam pedi, Ov. ; of persons, alicui comitein,
Verg. B. Transf. , to inspire, to cause, produce ;
alicui alacritatem scribendi, Cic. II. to add,
increase, Liv. A. Lit., 1, unum granum, Cic. ;
gradum, to luisten, Liv.; 2, of writing, to add;
in orationem quaedam, to make some additions,
Cic. ; 3, of reckoning, to add ; addendo deducen-
doque, by addition and subtraction; videre quae
reliqui summa fiat, Cic. B. Transf., 1, hunc la-
borem ad quotidiana opera, Caes. ; sceleri scelns,
Liv. ; 2, to give as a respite (of time); paucosdies
ad rem publicam gerendam, Cic. ; 3. to add to
something said, to say in addition ; addunt etiam
de Sabin'i morte, Caes. ; with ace. and infin.,addit
. etiam illud, equos non optimos fuisse, Cic. ; adde,
or adde hue, or eo, with ace. subst. or quod,
add to this ; adde eo exsilia, luctus, Cic.
addoceo, 2. to teach in addition, to teach,
Hor.
addutrito, 1. to incline to doubt, to begin to
doubt; followed by de, in, num, an, utruin, quid ;
res addubitata, a question undecided, Cic.
adduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to draw toone-
self. A. Gen., parvis colla lacertis (of children
embracing their mother), Ov. B. Esp., 1, todraw
tight to oneself; balistae et reliquatormeuta con-
tenta atque adducta vehementius, Cic. ;• 2, to
draw together, to wrinkle; adducit cutem macies,
Ov. II. to bring (as a guide), or lead a thing or a
person. A. Lit, 1, of persons, aliquem iu con-
spcctumpopuli, Liv. ; aliquem in jus or judicium,
or simply aliquem, to bring to justice, Cic. ; 2, of
things, aurum secum,Liv. ; esp. of bringing water
Shy an aqueduct, etc.), aquam, Cic. B. Transf.,
. t to bring to a certain condition; aliquem in
vituperationem, invidiam, Cic. ; eo adduxit eos
ut, etc., Cic. ; sesuumqueregnuminultimumdis-
criinen, Liv. ; 2, to bring a person to a certain
state of mind ; in Return, in mctum, Cic. ; addnci
ad susplcanduin, Cic. ; followed by ut and the
subj., adducis me ut tibi assentiar, Cic. ; with
inli'n., in spemadducti, hunc ipsum annum salu-
tarem civitati fore, Cic. ; with genit., in spem
adductns conficiendi belli, Sail. ; so adductus,
influenced; spe mercedis, Cic. ; absol., adducor
igifur et prope modum assentior, Cic.
adductius, adv. compar. (adductus), more
severely, Tac.
adductus -a -um, p. adj. (from adduco), of
persons, severe, Tac.
adedo -cdi -esum, 3. to nibble, to gnaw. I.
A. Lit., adesi favi, Liv. B. Transf., scopulns
adesus nquis, Ov. II. to consume, waste away;
non adesa jam sed abundant! etiam pecunia, Cic.
ademptio -onis, f. (adimo), a taking away;
civitatis, Cic.
1. adeo, adv. (ad and eoi, old dat. of is), to
that point, so far. I. Lit., A. Of space, so far,
Ter. B. Of time, so long, used with usque and
followed by dum, donec,quoad, Cic. II. transf.,
of degree, a, so much, so, followed by ut, Cic ;
b, even, what is more; ducem hostium intra
moenia atque adeo in senatu videmus, Cic. ; c,
used enclitically with pron., just; id adeo, Cic. ;
with conj., si, nisi, sive, aut, vel, Cic. ; d, to
such an extent, so; adeo prope omnis senatus
Hannibalis fuit, Liv. ; e, with non, much less,
Tac.
2. adeo -it -itum, 4. to go or come to, approach.
I. Lit.^V. Gen., ad istum fundum, Cic. ; curiam,
Liv. B. Esp., 1, adire inpraetorem in jus ; or
simply in jus, to go to law, Cic. ; 2, to travel
to, to visit; casas aratorum, Cic. ; 3, to go to
some one for counsel or help ; praetorem, Cic. ; or
for consulting about the future; magos, Cic; or
for prayer for help ; aras, Cic. ; 4, to apjrroach
asauenemy ; ad queinvis numerumephippiatoruin
equitum adire auderc, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to un-
dertone some business ; ad causas privatas et pub-
licas, Cic. ; adrempublicam, to enter jw&Zic life,
Cic. ; 2, to come to some condition, to undergo,
incur; perieulum capitis, Cic. ; 3, legal t. t.,
adire hereditatem, to enter on an inheritance,
Cic. ~
adeps -ipis, c. (connected with oAei'^w),
the soft fat of animals; meton., Cassii adipem, the.
corpulent Cassius, Cic.
ftdeptlO -onis, f. (adipiscor), attainment, ob-
taining ; lilii; commodi, Cic.
adcquito, 1. to ride to; with dat., ipsis
portis, Liv. ; with ad, ad nostros, Caes. ; absol.,
Liv.
adesdum, or ades dum, come hither, Ter.
adesurio, 4. to hunger after anything, Plaut.
adf, v. under aff . . .
adg, v. under agg . . .
adhaereo -haesi -haesum, 2. to hang to,
stick to, adliere. A. Lit., manus oneri adhaerentes,
frozen to, Tac. ; saxis, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to
border on, to be near; modica silva adliaerebat,
Tac. ; 2, to keep close to a jierson, to be always at
the side of; latcri adhaerere gravem dorninum,
to sit on the neck of, Liv. ; so nulli fortunae ad-
hacrebat animus, depended upon, Liv. ; of things,
cni canis cognomen adhaeret, thenickname clings
to him, Hor. ; of an appendage, summusque in
margine versus adhaesit, was written on the edge
for want of room, Ov. ; so, of persons, te vix ex-
tremum adhaesisse, Cic.
adhacresoo -haesi -haesum, 3. to hang to, to
adliere. A. Lit., gravis lateri craterae limus
adhaesit, Hor. ; of burning missiles, ad turriin,
Caes. ; fig., in me uno consulates faces ... in
mo omnia conjurationis tela adhaeserunt ; of
shipwrecks, ad saxa sironum, Cic. ; fig., ad
qnanicuinquc sunt dlsciplinam quasi tempest-
ate delati, ad cam tain quam ad saxum ad-
haerescunt, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to cling to, to re-
main; in hie locis adhaerescere, Cic. ; justitiae
honestatique, not to swerve from, Cic. ; ad om-
nium vestrum studium, sympathise with, Cic. ;
2, of an orator, to stick fast, stop, Cic.
adh
12
adj
adhaeslo -onis, f. (adhaereo), clinging to;
atoinorum, Cic.
adhacsus -us, in. (adhaereo), an adhering,
Lucr.
adhibco -fti -Hum, 2. (ad and habeo), to
bring one thing to another, to apply to. I. Gen.,
man us gcnibus, Ov. ; maims vectigolibns, to
ray hands on, to seUe, Cic; adhibete animoa et
■a vestras, non solum aun s, Cic. II. Esp.,
A. to join, associate, add; studio adhibito atque
ubu, Cic. B. 1, to apply something to Bome
particular end or object ; orationem ad valgus,
: alicui vim, Cic. ; morbis remedia, Cic. ;
iambum in fabulis, Cic. ; fldem, Cic. ; 2, to em-
ploy or call a person to help or advise, etc. ; ali-
quem in consilium, Cic. ; aliquem in convivium,
to invite, Cic. ; medicum, Cic. ; with double ace,
aliquem patronum, Cic. ; Sicilian) testem, Cic. ;
wita adv., to treat; aliquem liberaliter, Cic.
adhlnnio, 4. to neigh after. I. Lit., Ov.
II. Transf., sic ad illius orationem adhinnivit,
neighed with joy at, Cic.
adhortatlo -Onis, f. an exhortation, Cic.
adhortator -oris, m. one who exhorts; opcris,
Liv.
adhortor, 1. dep. to exhort, encourage (espe-
cially of soldiers); omnes cohortes ordinesque,
Caes. ; in helium, Tac. ; ad defendendam rem-
publicam, Cic.
adhnc, adv. (ad and lmic, shoi-tened to hue),
thvs far, hitherto; properly of place, but gener-
ally used of time, hitherto; 1, up to the present
time, till now; a, of the actual present, usque
adluic, adhnc semper, adhnc dum, Cic. ; used
with nuns, non, neque, nihil, nullus, Cic; b,
of the historic present, fluctuans adhnc animo,
Liv. ; 2, of something which is continuing still;
ndhuc de consuetudine excrcitationis loquor;
nondum do ratione et Baplentia, Cic ; followed
by ut or qui with the subj. — so far that, Cic.
Adiabcne ■&, f. ('AtnaPnffi), a province of
Assyria (now Kurdistan), Adj., Adiabenus
-a -uni, Adiabenian.
adtclo = adjicio (q.v.).
adlgo -Cgl •actum, 8. (ad and ago), to drive to.
A. Lit., l,ofcattle,pecns evicts longinquioribus,
; 2, of men, aliquem fulmine ad umbras,
Verg. ; so legal t. t., arbitnim (old Lat. for ad
nrbitrum), adigcre aliquem, to summon before an
arbiter, Cic. ; 3, of things, triremes per aestu-
aria. Tac. ; quouam loco turrf adaeta, Caes. B.
Transf., 1, to drive to, to compel to ; ad mortem,
Tac ; absol., adigit ita Postumia etServius tilius,
Cic. ; legal and mi lit. t. t., aliouein ad jusjuran-
ilum.Cacs. ;orjusjurandum,Cic. ; orjurejurando,
or sacramento, Liv., to put a man on his oath,
to swear in ; 2, to fashion; in faciem prorae pinus
adaeta novae, Prop.
adlmo -cml -empltiin, 3. (ad and cmo), to take
. 1, something painful ; vincnla canibus,
Ov. ; dolores, Hor. ; 2, to take away (property);
alicui pecuniam, vitnm, Cic. ; with a and tlio
abb, Cic. ; 3, to take away (a person), aliquem
alicui, Cic. ; esp. of death, hence ademptun, poet.
dead, Hor.
adlpatus -a -nm (adeps). I. Lit., fatty,
greaty. Bubst., adipata -orum n. pastry madt
ii Hh ijrease, Juv. II. Transf., of style, bombastic;
adipatae dictionis genus, Cic
adlpiscor -eptUS, 3. dep. (ad and apiscor).
I. to come up to, to overtake ; fugientem, Liv. II.
Transf., to obtain; laudem, Cic; gloriam ex ali-
qnsre,Nep. ; quod adeptus est per scelus, Cfc ;
with genit., reruin adeptus, Tac. ; part., adeptus,
Used i>assively, eandem accusant adeptam, when
rtached, Cic, De Sen. ii. 4.
aditlo -onis, f. agoing to, an approach, riant.
aditus -us, m. (2. adeo), a going to, an a)>-
pronch, access, I. A. Lit., 1, difflcilea aditus
habere ad pastuiu, Cic. ; 2, right or possibility of
entrance to ; aditus in id sacrarium non est viiis,
Cic. ; of audience of a person, homo ran aditus,
difficult of access, Liv. ; faciles aditus ad euui pri-
vatorum, Cic ; aditus ad aliquem iutercludere,
Cic. ; petentibus non dare, Nep. ; ad aliquem
postulare, Tac B. Meton., entrance to a place,
approach; aditus insulae muniti, Cic; aditus
templi, Cic. ; ad castra, Caes. ; in Sicilian),
Cic. ; omnes aditus claudere, or intercludere,
Cic II. Transf., opportunity of obtaining ; ad
honorem, Cic. ; laudis, Cic.
adjacco, 2. to lie by the side of, to be adja-
cent; ad ostium Rhndani, Caes.; with ace. alone,
Ktruriain, Liv. ; with dat., agio Romano, Liv. ;
absol., adjaeente Tibri, Tac Subst., adja-
centia -ium, n. the neighbourhood, Tac.
adjectlO -onis, f. (adjicio), on adding to;
adjectione populi Albani, Liv. ; illiberal) adjec-
tione, a paltry advance, Liv. ; Hispaniensibus
fainiliaruni adjectiones dedit, incorporated new
families, Tac.
adjectus -us, m, (adjicio), am adding to,
Lucr.
adjicio -jeei -je.ctum, 3. (ad and jacio), to
throw to. I. A. Lit., telum, Caes. B. Transf.
1, to cast a longing look upon ; oculum here-
ditati, Cic. ; 2. to direct the thoughts to ; dictis
mentein, Ov. II. A. to apply; stimulos fre-
menti, Ov. B. to add; 1, Lit., aggereni ad
nuinitiones, Caes. ; 2, Transf., a, ad belli laudem
doctrinae et ingenii gloriain, Cic ; b, to add to
what has been said, Liv. ; 3, to outbid at an
auction ; supra adjecit Aeschno, Cic.
adjudico, 1. to award, as a judge, adjudicate,
to decide as a judge. I. Lit., causam alicui, in
favour of any one, Cic. ; regnum Ptoleinaeo, to
assign the kingdom to Ptolemy, Cic. II. Transf.,
Italis adjudicat armis, assigns to the Soman
power, Hor. ; alicui salutem imperii hujus
atque orbis terrarum, Cic.
adjumentum, -i, n. (adjuvo), help, assist-
ance; alicuius rei, ad aliquid, alicui rei, in aliqua
re, Cic.
adjunctlo -onis, f. (adjungo), a joining to.
1. addition to, union.; a, naturae ad hominem,
Cic. ; b, a rhet. figure = <rui'e£evyjae'jw, where
the predicate stands either at the beginning or
the end of a clause. II. a joining to, adding
to, connexion, union; a, verborum, Cic. ; b, in
rhet., a limitation, restriction, Cic.
adjunctor -oris, m. (adjungo), one who joins,
connects; ille Galliae ulterioris adjunctor (i.e.,
Pompeius, who caused Gallia Ulterior to be
added to Caesar's province), Cic.
adjunctUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from adjungo),
bound to, belonging to; propiora hujus causae
et adjuuetiora, Cic. Subst., adjuncta -orum,
n. things closely connected with, or suitable, to,
anytliing, Cic.
adjungo -Junxi -junctum, 3. to join to, bind
to. I. Lit., 1, of animals, plostello mures, Hor. ;
2, of vines, uhnis vites, Verg. II. Transf., to
join, add. A. 1, of space ; a, of things, parietem
ad parietem coinmuncm, Cic. ; adjunctus fundus,
neighbouring, Cic. ; b, of persons, beluis ad-
juncto humano corpori, Cic. ; juris scientiam
eloqucntiaetainqu.ini an eillula m pediscquamque,
Cic; 2, of time, pass., tobe near In age; ci proxime
adjunctus Drusus (rater fuit, Cic. B. to ex-
press any connection or relation ; 1, of things,
a, in speaking, to join; verba ad nomen ad-
juncta, epithets, Cic. ; similitudines adjungens,
adj
13
adm
Cic. ; b, in argument, to connect; rebus prae-
sentibus adjungere atque aunectcre futures,
Cic; c, of territory, to add; Wliuiain ad ini-
perium populi Romani, Cic. ; agros populo,
Cie; d, to connect in any kind of relation, to
aire, to attribute ; tidemvisis, Cic. ; sibiauxilium,
Cic ; insolentiam honestati, Cic. ; animuin ad
aliquod studiuin, Ter. ; 2, of persons, a, to bring
in as a jxirticipator ; aliquem ad suos sermones,
Cic; b. to biiul, unite; urbem ad amicitiam,
Liv. ; aliquem sibi socium, or simply socium,
Cic. ; with double ace, se comitein fugae, Cic.
adjuro, 1. 1, to swear in addition, Liv. ; 2,
to swear, to promise on oath; qui omnia adjurant,
Cic ; a, with ace and inftu., adjuras id te invito
me non esse facturum, Cic. ; b, with per and the
ace, per Jovem, Plaut. ; c, with the simple ace,
adjuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, Verg.
adjutabilis -e,fullof help, serviceable, Plaut.
adjuto, 1. to be serviceable, to help, Plaut,
Ter.
adjutor oris, m. (adjuvo), a helptr ; 1, vie-
toriae populi Komani, Cic. ; a, with in and the
abl., in re gerenda, Cic. ; b, witn ad and the ace,
adjutores ad injuriam, Cic; c, witli contra and
the ace, his adjutor contra patriam inventus est
nemo, Cic ; 2, a regular assistant ; one who played
secondary parts on the stage, Hor. ; esp., the
assistant of a public officer, deputy; P. Maulius in
Hispaniam citeriorem adjutor consuli datus, Liv.
adjutrix -ids, f. (adjutor), 1, of persons,
she that helps, a female assistant, a helper; Mi-
nerva adjutrix consiliorum meoruni, Cic. ; 2,
of things, aid; quae res Plancio in petitione
fuisset adjutrix, Cic. ; 3, name of reserve legions
under tlie empire, Tac
adjuvo -juvi -jutum, 1. to help, assist, sup-
port. I. aliquem in aliqua re, Cic ; ad bellum,
Liv. ; followed by ut with the subj., Cic. ; maer-
orein nationis lacrimis suis, Cic. II. to be of
service, to avail ; jam nihil te Neronis judicium
adjuvat, Cic. ; philos. t. t., causae adjuvantes,
mediate, Cic. ; impers., followed by the infin.,
nihil igitur adjuvat procedere et progredi in vir-
tute, Cic
adl, v. under all . . .
admatu.ro, 1. to hasten; adruaturari de-
fectionem, Caes.
admetlor -mensus, 4. dep. to measure out
to ; frumentum alicui, Cic.
Admetus -i, in. ("AS^roO, 1, ruler ofPherae,
in Thessaly, husband ofAlcestis, who died for him ;
2, king of the Molossi, friend of Tliemistocles.
admigro, 1. to xmnder to, to came to, Plaut.
admlniculo, 1. to support, prop; vitem, Cic.
admlniculum -i, n. (ad and *mineo). I.
Lit., a prop, a support, the pole on which a vine is
trained, Cic. II. Transf., aid, help; ad aliquod
tumquam adminiculum anniti, Cic ; egore a 1-
miniculis, Tac
administer -stri, m. an attendant, an as-
sistant; Jovi se consiliarium atque administruiu
•latum, Cic. ; in a bad sense, audaciae satelles
atque administer tuae, Cic.
admmistra -ae, f. (administer), she that
helps; artes tnyus administra6 comitesque vir-
tutis, Cic.
administrate -6nis, f. 1, the giving of help ;
sine hominura administratnone, Cic. ; 2, direc-
tion, government ; navis, Caes. ; belli, Cic; mundi,
rerum, reipublicae, Cic.
administrator -oris, ru. an administrator,
manager; quidam belli gereudi, Cic.
administro, 1. 1, to help, assist, Plaut. ;
2, to vmnage, direct, administer; rempublicani,
Cic. ; navem, to steer, Caes. ; of war, bellum cum
Cimbri.s, Cic; exercituni, Cic; of other things,
provincial)!, Cic. ; leges ct judicia, Cic. ; omneui
rnundnm, Cic.
admirabilis -e, worthy of culmiralion, ad-
mirable ; 1, admirabilis efc siugularis sapientia,
Cic. ; 2, astonishing, strange (to translate
rrapaSofa), Cic.
admirabilftas -atis, f. admirableness, Cic. ;
haec animi despicieutia magnamadmirabilitatein
facit, excites v:onder, Cic.
adnv rablliter, adv. 1, admirably, xvonder
fully ; laudari, Cic. ; 2, strangely (Gr. irapafiofius),
Cic.
admirandus -a -um (admiror) = admira-
bilis, worthy of admiration ; homo, Cic
admiratio -onis, f. 1, admiration; summam
hoiuiuum admirationem excitare, Cic. ; liabere,
Cic. ; in magna admiratione esse, Cic. ; plur.,
admirationes, outbursts of admiration ; clamores
et admirationes efticcre, Cic. ; 2, wonder, aston-
ishment; tam atrocis rei, at so cruel a deed, Cic. ;
admiratio consulem incessit quod, Liv.; admir-
atio orta est, followed by ace with infill., Liv. ;
lit clamor et admiratio populi, followed by ace
witli infin., Cic.
admiror, 1. dtp. 1, to admire ; res gestas,
Cic. ; 2, to be astonished at; with adv., leviter,
vekementer, maguopcrc, ctc.,aliquid, Cic ; nihil,
Cic. ; in aliqua re, dc aliquo, Cic. ; with ace and
infin., Cic ; with quod, cur, quo pacto, uude,
Cic
admisceo -miscui -mixtum (-mistum), 2. I.
to mix with, to add to by mixing. A. Lit., aquae
adinixtus calor, Cic. B. Transf., to join; ad-
miscerenturne plebeii, Liv. ; ad id consilium
adiriscear, Cic. II. to mix with something. A.
Lit., frtir niulto calore admixtus, Cic. B. Transf.,
urbes inaritimae admiscentur novis sermonibus
ac disciplinis, become familiar with, Cic.
admlssarius, -i, m. (admitto), a stallion;
fig., a lascivious man, Cic.
admlssio -Suis, f. an audience, esp. of a
royal person, Pliu.
admissum -i, ra. a crime, Cie
admitto -misi -missum, 3. to send to. I. to
let go. A. Lit., 1, to let a horse go at full speed,
to urge on, to put to a gallop; equo admisso,
Cie; 2, to hurry; admisso passu, with hxirried
step, Ov. B. Transf., to let go; quod semel ad-
missum coerceri reprimique non potest, Cic. II.
to let in, to give access to. A. Lit., 1, aliquem ad
capsas, Cie ; 2, to give audience to; aliquem,
Cic. ; 3, to admit a person to share in an under-
taking, etc. ; aliquem ad consilium, Cie B.
Transf., 1, of words, entreaties, etc., to allow
to reach ; eas conditiones vix auribus, Liv. ;
2. of an act, to allow; litem, Cie; of omens,
ailitiittunt aves, the auguries allow it, Liv. ; 3, to
commit a crime; in te tautum facinus, Cic.
admixtio -onis, f. (admisceo), a mingling,
an admixture; corporis, Cic.
admoderate, adv. appropriately, Lucr.
admoderor, 1. dep. to moderate, Plaut.
admodum adv. (ad and modum), up to the
measure, up to thr.mark ; hence, I. With numbers,
about ; turres admodum CXX., Caes. II. Of de-
gree, completely, quite; A. Gen., 1, with adjec-
tives or adverbs, forma admodum impolita et
plane rudis, Cic. ; admodum raro, Cie ; with
nihil and nullus, litterarura admodum nihil
sciebat, entirely ignorant of, Cic. ; of age, puer
admodum, a mere boy, Liv. ; non admodum
grandis natu, Cic. ; 2, with verbs, me admodum
diliguut, Cic. B. In affirmative answer, «r>
tuinly, Ter.
adm
14
ado
admoenio, 4. to besiege, riant,
admolior, I. dep. to move to, Plaut.
admoneo -ui •Itnm, 2. to admonish, remind,
i(io;i (o; 1, aliquem alicuius rei, or de
aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem haec, ram Win, niulta,
followed by ace and intin., Liv. ; or rela-
sentence with quaiitus, qui, Cic. ; 2, in busi-
ness language, to remind of a debt ; aliquem aeris
aliciii, Cic. ; 3, a, to advise to do something; fol-
lowed by ut or ne and the subj., or by the simple
stibj., by ad or in and the ace, or by the intin.,
Cic. ; adthesaunnn reperiendum admoneri, Cic. ;
b, to urge or incite; telo bijugos, Verg.
ndmonitio -onis, f. a reminding; 1 ( Gen.,
Cic. ; 2, friendly admonition; admouitio In con-
silio dando fmniiiaris, Cic; in plur., nee preci-
bus nee admonitiotiibus nostris reliquit locum,
Cic.
admonltor -oris, m. one ivho reminds, Cic.
admonitum -i, n. an adtnonition, a call-
ing to mind, Cic.
admdnitus -ils, m. o reminding; 1, loc-
arumadmouitu, Cic. ; 2, admonishing, warning;
amici tali admonitu, Cic. ; mortis, Ov.
admordeo -morsum, 2. 1, to bite at, to gnaw,
Prop. ; 2, to fleece, Plaut.
admotio -Onis, f. a moving to; digitorum,
pluying on the harp, Cic.
admove'o -movi -motum, 2. to move, bring
to. A. Gen., 1, fasdculum ad nares, Cic. ; ali-
cul stimulus, Cic. ; uiauuin operi, to engage in a
Ov. ; manna nocentibus, to lay hands on
the grill;:, Liv. ; so manus vectigalibus, Cic;
■ in ad corpus, Cic. ; angues curribus, to
yoee, Ov. ; with ace. alone, ignem, Cic ; anrem,
2, to dirrd, devote; mentcssuas, non solum
aures, ad lmruspicum voccm, Cic. ; 3, milu. 1. 1.,
to briny up war-machines ; opus ad turrim
mi. Cars. ; ti, bring H]> soldiers; armatos
minis, Liv. ; 4, of .sacrifices, to bring to the altar;
l.liam vlgtlmain avis, Liv. ; 5, to bring near,
; nrbom ad mare, Cic. B. 1, to ap-
]i'"i ; enrationem ad aliquem, Cic. ; oratlonem
ad si nana animorom atone motus intlnmmandos,
•ie. ; 2, <>f time, in the pass., to draw near;
admotua supremis, drawing near to death, Tac. ;
se admovere, to draw near; se applicare et
proplna admovere, Cic.
admugio, 4. to bellow after, Ov.
admurmuratlo -5nis, f. o murmuring
(cither of approbation or disapprobation), Cic.
admurmiiro, 1. to murmur at (in ap-
1 rova] or disapproval), Cic
admutllo, 1. to shear, shave; hence, transf.,
to fleece, Plant.
adn, v. agn or ann . . .
adolco -ui, 2. 1, Intrans., to smell, Plaut. ; 2,
to smell, to set on fire, to burn (of
sacrifices) ; viscera tauri flammis, Ov. ; honores
Junoni, to honour by burning saa-ifices to, Verg. ;
•he altar Itself, to light up with Sacrificial
tltaria flammis, Lucr. ; llammis Penates
»= focos), Verg. ; cruore captivo aras, to feed
Ian with, etc., Tac
adolcsccns (aduleaceos) -entis (part, of ado-
A. Adj. (with compar.), young; admo-
d »m i ; adolescenttar academia,
B. Subst., 1, maac., a you ng man (with-
<c to any particular age) ; puersivc
ja"i '■ : ii- vel i'u- 1 po-
lunior in Englishyto dis-
h * person from some one of th* same
name, but older; r. Crasaiua adol., Caes. ; 2,
-•II. as an attribute; tllia adoL,
Cic,
n dolesccntia -ae, f. youth ; citius adoles-
eentiae sencctus quam pueritiae adolesccntia
obrepit, Cic ; ineunte adolesceutia, Cic ; ah
adolescentia, a prima adol. ; ah ineunte adol.,
from youth vpward, Cic. ; meton., the young, Cic
adolepccntula -ae, f. a very young girl,
used as a term of endearment, Plaut.
addtescentulus -i, m. a very young man;
applied by Cic. to himself in his 27th year, and
by Salluax to Caesar wheu Caesar was about 33
or 35 ; ab adolescentulo, from youth, upward,
Cic
l. ad5lesco -olevi-ultum, 3. to grow, to grow
vp to maturity. A. Lit., 1, of men, is qui adole-
verit, Cic. ; 2, of plants, viriditas herbescens
quae sensimadolcscit, Cic. B. Transf., to grow,
increase; of time, to advance ; cummatura adole-
verit aetas, Verg. ; ver donee adolesceret, Tac. ;
of the mind, to be developed, to come to maturity ;
ratio quuin adolevit atque perfecta est, Cic. ;
ea cupiditas adolescit una cum aetatibus, Cic.
'-'• adolesco-eie(adoleo), toblaze ; adolescuut
ignibus arae, Verg.
Adoneus -Si, m. = Adonis (q.v.).
Adonis -Idle ("A&oi'is), and Adon -Onis, in.
CA&oc), a beautiful youth, son of Cinyras, king of
Cypms, beloved of Venus, slain by a wild boar,
but changed after death by Venus into a flower
(adonium).
adoperio -pcrtti -pertum, 4. 1, to cover;
capite adoperto, Liv. ; humus floribus adoperta,
Ov. ; 2, to close, adoperta lumina somno, Ov.
Sdopmor, 1. dep. to guess, Lucr.
adoptatlcitis -a -urn, adopted as a child,
Plaut.
adoptatio -Onis, f. = adoptio (q.v.).
adoptio -Onis, f. the adoption of a child ;
emaucipare (Ilium alic.ui in adoptiouem, I" give
in adoption, Cic. ; ascirc aliquem in or pcradop-
tioncm, !o adopt, Tac.
adoptivus -a -um. I. relating to adoption;
filius, jiater, (rater, soror, adopted son, etc., Suet. ;
sacra, the rites of the family into ichich the per-
son was adopted, Cic. ; uobilitas, Ov. II. Transf.,
of plants, grafted, Ov.
adopto, 1. I. Gen. to choose for one's self; sibi
aliquem patronura, Cic. ; of tilings, Etruscas
opes, toUiketoone'said,Ov. II. Esp., A. Lit.,
to adopt as child or grandchild (per aes el
libram, by a fictitious side, or testaniento, by
vill); sibi (ilium, Cic ; aliquem al) aliquo, from
the natural father, Cic. ; in regnum, Sail.' B.
Transf., 1, in jest, C. Stalenus qui ipse se adopt-
averat et de Staleno Aclium fecerat, had changed
his name by adopting himself, Cic. ; frater, pater
adde ; ut cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus
adopta, adopt him by codling him brother, father,
etc., Hor. ; nomen or cognomen adoptare, Mart. ;
2, of plants, to graft ; fac ramus vamum adoptet,
Ov.
ador -oris, n. a. species of grain, spelt (Tri-
ticum spelta, Linn.), Hor.
adoratio-onis, f. aprayingto, adoration,FUn.
adorea (adoria) -ae, f. (adoro), reward of
valour, glory; ille dies . . . qui primus alma
risit adorea, Hor.
adoreus -a -um (ador), relating to spelt ; liba,
Verg. __
Sdorlor -ortus. 4. dep. to rise yp. 1. to at.
tack ; a, aliquem fustibus, gladiis, Cic. : atergo,
Cic. ; pagum, Caes. ; b, to besiege with entreaties,
threats, etc.; aliquem minis, Tac; aliquem
tumultuosissirae, Cic II. to attempt, under-
take; hoc tpsum, Cic; majus ne&s, Verg. '.
followed by intlu,, convellen- ea, etc., Cic,
ado 15
adorno, 1. to prepare, furnish, provide. I,
Gen., naves onerarias, Caes. ; Italiae duo niaria
luaximiselassibus firniissimisquepraesidiis,Cie;
accusationem, Cic. II. to adorn. A. Lit., forum
lnagno ornatu, Cic; aliquem insigni veste, Li v.
B. Transf., justi honores aliquem adornant, Liv.
adoro, 1. A. Gen., to speak to. B. Esp., 1, to
address a deity, to entreat, to ask for, a, with acu.
of person and aec. of tiling ; pacem deum, Liv. ;
b, followed by ut and the subj., Liv. ; 2, to
honour; Phoebum, Ov.
adp, v. under app.
adq, v. under acq.
adr, v. under arr.
adrado -rasi -rasum, 3. to scrape, shave;
adrasum quendam, Hor.
Adramytteum -i, n. CASpafivrmoi'), town
on the coast of Mysia, not far from the foot of
Mount Ida (now Adramiti or Edremit). Heuue
Adramyttenus -i, m. a native of Adramyt-
teum.
AdrastUS -i, m. ("ASpao-To?), king of Argos,
father-in-law of Polynices and 1'ydeus, one of the
Seven against Thebes, and the only one who es-
caped, aftenvards one of those who destroyed Thebes
in Clie war of the Epigoni. Adj., Adrasteus
-a -urn.
Adria = Hadria (q.v.).
Adrumetum (Hadrumetum) -i, n. town on
the coast of the Roman province of Africa.
ads, v. under ass.
adsc, v. under asc.
adsp, v. under asp.
adst, v. under ast.
adt, v. under att.
Adiiatiici -orum, in. people in Gallia Bel-
gica, in modern South Brabant, Caes.
adulatio -onis, f. I. fawning (of dogs),
Cic. II. cringing, flattery, Cic., Liv. ; so of
oriental prostration, humi jaccntium adula-
tiones, Liv. ; used with adversus or in and the
ace. ; adversus superiores, Tac. ; patruni in
Augustum, Tac.
adulator -oris, m. a base flatterer, Suet.
adulatorius -a -urn, flattering; dedecus,
Tac.
adulescens, etc., v. adolescens.
adulo, 1. to fawn; piunata cauda nostrum
adulat sauguiiiein, wipes off our blood fawningly
(of a dog), Lucr.
adulor, 1. dep. A. Lit., to fawn (of dogs and
other animals) ; ferae adulantes, Ov. B. Transf.,
1, to greet with servile prostrations ; more adulan-
tiuiu procumbere, Liv. ; 2, to flatter, to cringe
before; a, with aec, oiuues, Cic. ; plebem, Liv. ;
fortunam alterius, Cic; b, with dat., plebi,
Liv. ; c, absol., aperte adulans, Cic.
adulter -Sri, ni., adultera -ae, f. an adul-
terer, adulteress. I. Subst., sororis, Cic ; in
nepti Augusti, Tac. ; Dardanius adulter, Paris,
Verg. ; Laeaena adultera, Helen, Hor. ; poet.,
<x gallant, Hor. II. Adj., adulterous; virgo, Ov. ;
crines, the locks of an adulterer, Hor. ; mens, Ov. ;
clavis, Ov.
adulterinus -a -urn (adulter), 1, adulterous,
Plin. ; 2, not genuine, forged; nummus, Cic;
Bignum, a forged seal, Cic. ; clavis, a double key,
Sail.
adulterium -li, n. adultery; in adulterio
deprehendi. Cic ; Mutiliae, adultery with, Tac.
adultero, 1. I. Intrans., to commit adultery,
Cic II. Trans., A. Of annuals, adulteretur et
columba miluo, let the kite wed the dove, Hor. ;
adv
adulteratus nidus (of a nest where the cuckoo
has laid its eggs), Plin. B. Transf., to falsify,
corrupt; jus civile pecunia, Cic; faciem arte
(of Proteus), changes his form, Ov.
adultUS -a -uiu, p. adj. with coinpar. (ado-
lesco). I. grown up, adult; virgo, Cic Plur.
subst., adulti, adults, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of
time, puer aetate adulta, near manhood, Cic. ;
acstas, midsummer, Sail., Tac. B. Fig., of growth ;
1, in power, Athenae, Cic ; pestis (of Catiliua),
Cic ; Parthi nondum adulti, Tac. ; 2, of mental
development, populus, Cic.
adumbratim, adv. in outline, Lucr.
adumbratio -onis, f. a sketch, Cic.
adumbratus -a -urn, p. adj. (aduinbro), 1,
sketched, imperfect; imago gloriae, Cic. ; adum-
bratae intelligeutiae rerum, imperfect, confused
notions, Cic ; 2, shadowy, unreal ; opinio, Cic. ;
laetitia, Tac.
adumbro, 1. to shade, esp. to sketcii, to:kelch
in words ; fictos luctus dicendo, Cic.
aduncitas -atis, f. a bending inwards;
rostrorum, Cic
aduncus -a -urn, bent inwards, crooked;
unguis, Cic. ; nasus, an. aquiline nose, Ter.
adurgeo, 2. to press to, or against; poet.,
to pursue closely ; aliquem remis, Hor.
aduro -ussi -ustum, 3. to set fire to, to kindle,
consume by burning; sine gemitu aduruntur,
Cic. ; candente carbone sibi capillum, to singe,
Cic. ; pauis adustus, burnt bread, Hor. ; of frost
or wind, to nip, Verg. ; fig., of love, Venus nou
erubescendis adurit ignibus, Hor.
adusque = usque ad ; 1, prep, with ace
as far as, Verg. ; 2, adv. = usque, thoroughly,
entirely, Ov.
adustus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (from
aduro), burnt by the sun, brown; hominum color,
Liv.
advectitius -a -um, that which is brought
from a distance, foreign; vinuin, Sail.
advecto, 1. (intens. from advcho), to convey
often; rei frumentariac copiam, Tac.
advectus -iis, m. a conveying, carrying,
Tac.
advcho -vexi -vectum, 3. 1. to carry, bring,
convey to a place. I. Act., frumentmn ex agris
Roniam, Cic ; ultrices unda advehit rates, Ov. ;
frumentuni Romam, Cic. II. Pass., advelii, to be
borne to a place (on horseback, in a chariot, on a
ship, etc.) ; advecta classis, Verg. ; e Pompeiaiio
navi in Lueulli hospitiuni, Cic ; citato equo in
earn partem, Liv.; Corcyrani insulamadvehitur,
reaches, Tac ; with dat. of person, quum tibi
tota cognatio serraco advehatur, Cic. ; with ace
of person, Dardanos, Verg. ; so ut quosquc ad-
vectus erat, Tac
advelo, 1. to draw a veil over; poet., to
crown; tempora lauro, Verg.
ad vena -ae, c (adveuio), 1, of men, a stranger,
foreigner (opp. indigena), Cic. ; indigeuae adven-
aeque, Tac. ; dei adveuae, foreign gods, Cic ; 2,
of birds, a bird of passage; grus, Hor. ; 3, of
things, Tibris, Ov. ; amor, love for a foreigner,
Ov.
advenio -vein' -veutuin, i. to come to. A.
Lit., 1, of men, advenis modo? Cic. ; exHyper-
boraeisDelphos.Cic; in provinciam belli gerendi
causa, Cic. ; with ace. only, Tvriam urbeiu,
Verg. ; with dat., Tac. ; 2, of things, esp. of
chips, a quibus adveniat navis Miletida sospes
adurbem.Ov. B. Transf., 1, of time, to come;
interea dies advenit, Cic. ; 2, of events, to
happen, to come near, to breakout; urbi periculum
advenit, Sail. ; morbi adyenien|-*s. Cic. ; 3. of
adv
16
Aea
Acquisitions, in come to; res sua spontc mux
ad emu advcnit, Liv.
advcnticius -a -inn (advenio), coming from
without. A. Gen., outward; externus et adventi-
ciustepor, Cic. B. Bsp., 1, coming from a foreign
country, foreign ; auxilia, Cic. ; duetrinatransma-
ring atqucadvcntlcia, Cic. ; 2, casual, extraordin-
ary, accidental ; pccunia, money not inherited, Cic.
advonto, 1. Chitons. ofadvenio), toapproaeh,
arrive ft, Ken. with uotioti of haste; ail Italian),
Cic ; with dat. of person, Parthis, Tac. ; in
suuaiiliuin, Tac. ; of tilings and abstractions,
quod fere jam tenipus adventat, Cic.
adventor -Oris, in. (advenio), one who ar-
rives, a visitor, Flaut.
adventus -us, in. (advenio). I. an arrival;
noctuniua ad urbem, Cic. ; in plur., invita-
tiones adventusque nostrorum lioniinuni, Cic. ;
of things, vi ris, Hor. ; in aninios et iutroitus
imaginum, Cic. II. Transf., inalorum, Cic.
adversarius -a -uni (ad versus), turned to-
wards. I. Subst., adversaria -mum, n. (that
which is always ojwn, or lying in front of one),
a day-book, journal, memorandum; adversaria
negligenter seribere, Cic. II. Adj., opposed, con-
trai -;/;_witli dat., Cic. ; factio, Nep. Bubst., ad-
versarius -li, in. adversary, rival, antagonist,
Cic. ; plur., enemies, Cic. ; adversaria -orum,
n. the assertions of an opponent ; adversaria ever-
tere, Cic
adversor, 1, dep. (adversus), to oppose, re-
shit; absol., of persons, non adversante collega,
Cic; of things, adversante fortuna, Cic. ; with
dat., alicui inlestius, Cic. ; legi, Cic, Liv. ; cum
duae causae perspicuis et evidentibus rebus ad-
versentur, Cic.
1. adversus -a -um, p. adj. (advertu), turned
towards. A. Lit., fronting, oj>posite; dentts, the
front teeth, Cic. ; adversa vulnera, wounds in the
front, Cic. ; solem adversum iutueri, to look
straight at the sun, Cic. ; ad versos concitare
equos, to ride towards, Liv. ; adversis hostibus
ocenrrcre, to meet the enemy, Caes. ; adverso colic,
on the front of the hill, Caes. ; adverso fiuniine,
against the stream, Caes. ; veuti adversi, contrary
winds, Liv. ; with prep., in adversum, ugahusi,
Ycrg., Liv. ; ex adverso, over against, Liv. B.
Transf, 1, of persons, opposed, adversus ali-
cui, Cic. adverso Marte, Verg. ; adverso se-
natu, against the will of the senate, Liv. ; 2, of
tilings, a, unfavourable, unpropitiou* ; adversis
auribus, Liv. ; valetudo, ill health, I.iv. ; helium,
crwl, llor. ; proelium, unsuccessful, Caes. ; res
advereae, Cic, fortuna adversa, Verg., misfor-
tune: with dat., res plebi adversa, Liv.; b,
hated, quia omnia regna adversa sunt, Sail.
Subst., adversum -i, n, misfortune; si quid
advent accident, Cic.
2. adversus, adversum (adverto), op-
posed tn. I. Adv., against; ncino adversus
ibat, Liv. ; adversus anna ferre, Nep. II. Trep.
with nee. A. Of direction, 1, as regards place,
ton-ards; adversus clivuni, Caes. ; 2. of action,
etc., against; adverauaqueui Ibatur, Liv. ; adver-
sus rempublicam facere, Caes. ; respondere ad-
versus ca, to a newer to, Liv. ; adversus legem, Cic. ;
adversus quod . . . convenisset, against the agree-
ment, Liv. ; adversus blanditias incorrnptus, Tac. ;
munitna adversum aliqueni or aliquid, Sail. B.
Of position, 1, as regards place, over against;
adversus aedes publicas, Liv. ; 2, of comparison,
quid autemesse duo prospera in tot saeclis bella
Samnitinni adversus tot decora populi Romani,
compared with, Liv. ; 3, of behaviour, in the
presence of; quonam modo ine gererem adversus
Caesarem, Cic. ; so of respect to, towards; reve-
rimtis adversus homines, Cic.
adverto (advorto) -verti (-vorli) -versum
(-vorsuin), 3. to turn towards. A. agmen urbi,
Verg.; esp. used of ships, to steer; classem in
portum, Liv. ; pass., notae advertuntur arenae,
tliey steer to, Verg. ; Scythicas adverUtur oras,
Ov. B. Of the. senses and thoughts, etc., to
direct; 1, of the senses, especially the eyes,
luniina in quniucunque acdis partem, Ov. ; of
the gods, malls ad vert He iitunen, direct your
•powers t«, Verg. ; atires ad voccm, Ov. ; 2, of the
mind, animtini, and (sometimes) nientem adver-
tere ; a, to direct one's attention to ; aninios ad re-
ligionetu, Lucr. ; with dat., aninios monitis, Ov.,
followed by ne and the subj., animuin animad-
vert ant, ne quos ptfendant, take care not to, etc.,
Cic. ; absol., Cic. ; b, to perceive; aliquem in cou-
tione stantem, Cic. ; followed by ace. and intin.,
Cic. ; or relative clause, Cic. ; with aiiimo or ani-
mis, animisadvertite vest lis, Verg. ; c,to punish;
in aliquem, Tac. ; d, to draw the attention o/some
one else ; gemitus et planctus etiam inilitum
aures oraquc advertere, roused the attention of,
Tac.
advesperascit -avit, 3. (impers. and in-
cept.), evening approaches, Cic.
advigilo, 1. to watch by, to guard. I. Lit.,
parvo nepoti, Tib. ; ad custodiam ignis, Cic. II.
Fig., to be vigilant, Plant.
advocatio -onis, f. ccdling to one's aid.
I. summoning persons to advise; maxiniarum re-
rum, on the most important points, Cic. ; frequent-
issimae advocationes, Cic. II. Esp., 1, legal
advice ; advocatioueni postulare, petere, dare,
consequi, Cic ; 2, concr., the bar, Cic.
advocatus -i, m. one who is called in to help
in a. legal process, vmether as advocate or as wit-
ness, Cic.
advoco, 1. to summon, to call. I. Gen.,
contionem populi, Cic. ; aliquem in consilium,
Cic. ; advocaread obsignandum, Cic. ; with dat.,
advocariTiegro, Ov. ; gaudiis, Hor. ; non desiderat
fortitudo iracundiam advocatam, called to its aid,
Cic. II. Esp., A. Legal t. t., of a judge, to ask
the opinion of a jurist, Cic. ; of the parties to
an action, to consult an advocate; aliquem con-
tra aliquem, Cic. ; with dat, aliqueni sibi,
Plant. ; absol., aderat frequens, advocabat, Cic.
B. Of the gods, to ask for help ; deum sibi, Cat. ;
deos, Liv.
advolatus, abl. -u, m. a flying to, Cic poet.
advSlo, 1. to fly to. I. Lit., of birds and
insects, ad eas aves quae, etc., Cic. II. Transf.,
to hasten towards, to fly to; 1, of persons, absol.,
advolone an maneo, Cic. ; ad urbem, Cic. ; rostra,
Cic. ; 2. of tilings, famamalitantiadvolatAeneae,
flies to the ears of, Verg.
advolvo -volvi -volutum, 3. to roll to; ro-
bora i'ocis, to the hearth, Verg. ; ornos montibus,
from the monntaiws, Verg. ; hence advolvi, or se
advolvere, to throw oneself at the feet of; genibus
alicuius, Liv. ; genua alicuius, Sail.
advorsum, advorsus, advorto = adversum,
adversus, adverto (q.v.).
adytum, -i, n. (aSvrov — not to be entered).
I. Lit., gen. in plur., the inmost and holiest
portion nf a. temple; the shrine, Verg., Hor.;
adytis ab im\B, from the bottom of a grave, Verg.
II. Transf., ex adyto taraquam cordis, from the
bottom of the heart, Lucr.
Aeacus -i, m. (Ai'aicd?), a mythical king of
Aegina, father of Peleus and Telamon, grandfather
of Ajax and Achilles; after his death judge in the
infernal regions; hence Aeacides -ae, in. a des-
cendant of Aeacus, one of his sons; as Peleus or
Phocus, O v. ; his grandson, Achilles,\erg. ; his greed-
grandson, Pyrrhus (Neoptolemus), Verg. ; one of his
remotedescendants,Pyrrhu3(kingofEinrus),'En'n.' t
Aea
17
aeg
Perseus, king of Macedonia, Verg. B. Ae&ci-
deius-a-um; regna (Aegina), O v. C. Aeaci-
dinus -a -um.
Aeaee -Os, f. (Aiairj i/tjctos), the island of the
sorceress Circe, or of Calypso ; hence Aeacus -a
-um ; a, surname of Circe, Verg. ; Acacae artes,
Acaea carniiua, sorceries, Ov. ; AraeusTclegonus,
son of Circe, Prop.; b, surname of Calypso;
puella, Frup.
Aeas -antis, in, (Alas), a river in Greece,
flowing by Apollonia.
Aebura -ae, f. a town in Hispania Tarra-
conensis, now Cuervo,, Liv.
Aeculanum -i, n. town of the Hirpini in
Samnium, Cic.
aedes (aeclis) -is, f. ; originally, a building.
1. Sing., A. a room, Plaut. B. a temple; gen.,
where the context is not clear, with the name of
some god, or with sacra ; aedes" sacra, Cic. ; aedes
Minervae, Cic. ; in plur., complures aedes sacrae,
Cic. ; aedes alone, the temple of the Palatini Apollo,
Hot. II. Plur., A. Lit., a house, Cic; aedes
liberae, empty, Liv. B. Meton., 1, the family,
Plaut. ; 2, Transf., a, the cells of bees, Verg. ; b,
the chambers of the ears, the ears, Plaut.
aedicula -ae, f . (dim. of aedes), a small build-
ing; 1, a small temple; Victoriae, Liv. ; also o
■niche, or shrine for the image of a god, Cic;
2, in plur., a little house, Cic.
nedificatio -onis, f. (aedifico), building; 1,
Abstr., the act of building ; consilium aeditica-
tionis, Cic. ; aedilicationem depouereorabjicere,
to give up building, Cic. ; 2, Concr., the building
itself; domus tua et aedificatio omnis.'Cic.
aedif icatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of aedifi-
catio), a small building, Cic.
aedif loator -oris, m. (aedifico), l,abuilder,
architect; fig., mundi, Cie. ; 2, one who has a
passion for building, Juv.
aedif iclum -i, n. (aedifico), a building;
aedificia publica privata, sacra profana, Cic. ;
opposed to inhabited houses, aedes aedifieiaque,
Liv. ; opposed to a number of houses together,
vicis aedificiisque incensis, Caes. ; opposed to
the site, cujus (domus) amoenitas non aediticio
sed silva constabat, Nep. ; opposed to a palace,
plebis aediticiis obseratis, patentibus atriis priu-
cipum, Liv.
aedifico, 1. (aedes and facio). I. "Lit., tobuild,
erect, establish; villain, porticum,domum,urbem,
navem, hortos, Cic. II. Fig., aedilicare mund-
um, to create, Cic; rempublieam, to frame, Cic.
aedilicius -a -um (aedilis), relating to the
acdiles ; munus, Cic. ; vectigal, tax paid by the
provinces for the shoivs of the aediles, Cic. Subst.,
aedilicius -i, m. one lolto has been aulile, Cic
aedilis -is, m. (aedes), an aedile, apublic officer
at Ilvmewho hud thesuperintendenceoftliebuildings
of the city, the roads, markets, theatres, dramatic
performances, and police; under the Republic
there were four, two aediles curules (originally
patricians, but afterwards patricians and ple-
beians), and two aediles plebis, or plebei, or
plebeii L
aedilltas -atis, f. (aedilis), the aedileship;
aedilitate fungi, Cic
aeditimus (aeditumus) -i, m. an old form
of aedituus (q.v.).
aedit liens -entis, m. = aedituus (q.v.).
aedituus -i, in. (aed6s), the keeper or guar-
dian of a temple, Cic.
Aediii (Haedui) -firum, a Gallic people be-
tween the Arar (Saone) and the Liger (Loire),
whose chief town was Bibracte.
Aeeta -ao, m,, and Aeetgs -ae, m. (Alijnjs),
king of Colchis, father of Mcdta ; hence, A. Aee-
tias -adis, f. Medea, Ov. B. Aeetine -es, f.
Medea, Ov. C. Aeetaeus -a -um, belonging
to Colchis; lines, Colchis, Cat.
Acfula -ac, f., and AefvUum -i, n. tow/i
in Uitium, north of Praenestc ; hence Acfula-
nus -a -um, belonging to Arfnla.
Aegae (Aegaeac, Aegeae, Aegiae)
-arum, f. (Aiycu, Aiyeiai) 1, town in Macedonia;
2, town in Aeolis; 3, town in Cilicia, now Castle
of Ajas Kala.
Aegaeon -onis, m. (Aiyaiiov), another name
for Briarcus, Verg. ; a sea-god, Ov.
Aegaeus -a -um (Aiyiuos), Aegnean; mare,
the Aegacan Sea, the Archipelago, Cic. Subst.,
Aegaeum -i, n. the Aegacan Sea, Hor.
Aegates -ium, f., and Aegatae -arum, f.
(with or without insulae), a group of three islands
on the west coast of Sicily, near which the decisive
battle of the first Punic war was fought ("241 B.C.).
aeger -gra -gram, sick, ill. A. Of physical
illness; 1, of persons; a, of persons themselves,
homines aegri gravi morbo, Cic. ; ex vulnere,
Cic; pedibus, Sail.; oculis, Liv. ; manum, Tac.
Subst., aeger -gri, m. an invalid, Cic. ; b, of
bodies or parts of the body, corpus, Cic. ; dens,
Mart. ; so of states regarded as bodies ; pars
reipublicae, Cic. ; civitas, Liv. ; c, of bodily
conditions, valetudo, Cic. ; anhelitus, Verg. ; 2,
of plants, seges, Verg. ; 3, of things, quid in
toto ten-arum orbe validmn, quid aegrum, un-
sound, Tac. B. Of ailments of the mind, ill
from any cause, love, hope, fear, sorrow, etc. ; 1,
of persons, mortales aegri, Verg. ; aegra amans,
Verg. ; aegra municipia, mutinous, Tac. ; animo
magia quain eorpore aeger, Liv. ; amoie, Liv. ;
animi, in mind, Liv. ; consilii, Sail. ; 2, of con-
ditio"*, or relations, or abstractions, painful;
amor, mors, Verg. ; aegris oculis, with envious
eyes, Tac.
Aegeus -Si, m. (Aiyeu's), king of Athens, father
of Theseus; hence Aegldes -ae, m. Theseus,
or any one of the descendants of Aegeus.
Aegimurus -i, f., and Aeglmoros -i, f.
(Alyifiovpoi and Alyipopos), an island near Car-
thage, now Al Djamur or Zimbra.
Aegina -ae, f. (Alyiva),au island near Athens;
hence Aeginensis -e, belonging^ to Aegina;
Aeginenses -ium, m. Aeginetae -arum,
m. natives of Aegina.
Aeginium -ii, n. (Alyiviov), town in Mace-
donia, on the borders of Epirus, now Erkinia;
hence Aeginienses -ium, m. tlie inhabitants
of Aeginium.
Aegion (Aegium) -ii, n. (Alyiov), one of the
twelve Acliaean towns on the Corinthian Gulf, now
Vostiza,
aegis-idis, f. (alyi's). A.theaegis,orshield;l,
of Jupiter, Verg.; 2, of Minerva with the Medusa's
head, Ov. B. Transf., a protection, bulwark, Ov.
AeglSOS -i, f. (Atyio-aos), «>i old town in
Moesia, on the banks of the Danube, now Isacze.
AegisthUS -i, m. (Alyio-flot), son of Thyestcs,
murderer of Agamemnon, afterwards husband of
Chjtcmnestra, himself murdered by Orestes, Cic.
Aegium = Aegion (q.v.).
Aegle, -es, f. (AiyA-rj), name of one of the
Naiads.
Aegooeros -otis, in. (aiyoK^t), a sign of the
zodiac, Capricorn, Lucr.
aegre, adv. with compar. and superl. (aeger).
I, painfully; aegre est mini or meo animo, / am.
grieved, Plaut. ; aegre ferre, to be distressed. II.
1 with difficulty ; aegre divelli, aegrius depelli,
Cic. ; 2, hardly, scarcely (by itself and with vix);
aeg
is
aeq
sc tenere, Cic, 3, unwillingly; ferra illiquid,
Clc. ; aegre tern, foil, by ace and iulin., to take
ate., Clc.
aegrco, -. (aeger), <" be stefc, Lucr.
acgrcsco, 3. (aegreo), to fall ill. I. Lit.,
Lucr. II. Transf., A. to become worse, more n'o-
/nij; violeiitia Tumi aegrescit medendo, Verg.
B. to be rfistorbed i« miml, to trouble ones $e{f;
longiora Bollioltudiuo, Tac.
acgrimonia 4a, f. (aeger), oris/, trouble of
mind, Cic.
aegrltudo inis. f. (aeger), sickness. I. Of
Plaut., in.'. II. Of mind, grief; so totum
Ldinidedere,Cic. ; aegritudine cmori, Cic. ;
in aegritudinem incidere, Cic.; aegritudinem
. lenire, sedare, adimere alicui, depellere,
e, Cic. ; plur.,aegritudiues leuiorea facere,
tic.
aegror -oris, ni. (aeger), sickness, Lucr.
aegrotatio -Cnis, f. (aegroto), sickness. I. Of
body, Clc. II. Of the mind, Cic.
aegroto, 1. (aegrotus), to be sick or ill. I. Lit.,
A. <>f the body, graviter, vehementer diuque,
leviter, perlculose, Cie. ; of cattle, Hor. ; of
plants, Plin. B. Of the mind, ea res ex qua
animus aegrotat, Cic. II. Of abstractions, aegro-
tat fiima vacillans, Lucr.
aegrotus a -um (aeger), sick, ill; 1, in body,
Cic. ; 2, in mind, Tex. ; of abstract things, res-
lea, Cic.
Aegyptus -i (Alyvnrot). A. Mytliol., m. son
o/Betut, bivther of Dan ius. B. Geogr., f. Egypt.
Adj., 1, Aegyptiacus -a -um ; 2, Aegyptlus
-a -Mm, Egyptian, cic Subst., Aegyptius
-i, in. an Egyptian, Cic
aelinos -i, m. (mAtco;), a /Urn?, Ov.
Aemillanus -a -11111, relating to ". gens
• surname of Sclpio Afrioa/nus minor,
the win "f L. Aemiliua Paulus, adopted by the
elder fcJeipia Africanus.
Acmilius -a -um, genu, name of one of the
oldest and mo 1 distinguished patrician families of
: Aemilia via, and simply Acinilia, a road
made by tin- conttd M. Attn. Lejndus, leading from
Arimfnum to Placentia; pons, a bridge near the
mblieius, Juv. ; rat is, the ship in which the
of Perseus were brought home i>y Acm.
1'anl'js, Prop.J Indus, a gladiatorial school
founded hy P. Aemilius Lepidus, Hor.
Acmonia, etc., v. Haem&nia.
acmulatio -Snls, f. (aemulor), a striving
p to, emulation. I. In a good sense",
1, tfep. ; gloriae, Liv. II. In a bad sense,
jealousy, envy, ill-natured rivalry, Cic. ; plur.,
rivalries, Cic.
aemulator -Sris, in. (aemulor), a rival;
Catonis aemulator, an imitator, Cic.
acmulatus -us, m. (aemulor) = acmulatio
fo.v.>
aemulor, I. dep. (aemulua), to rival, emu-
late, strive I to. I. fa a good sense, all-
quem, Nep. ; ejus Institute, Cic. ; Albanum
Vinum, to eomr. near to, Plin. II. In a bad sense,
i; With dat., alicui, Cic; cum aliquo,
Liv. ; mt- I
,i ulu3 -a -um, emulous, niinq
Hug. I. [n a good sense. A. tit., gen. with geni-
tive, mearum laudium, Cic ; with dut., dii I I
ratoribusaemuli 1 Subst.,
aemulus -i, m.;ali( uius, 1
I jus (Zenonis)
• 'rum aeronll Stoici nominantur, Clc. B.
f., coming near to, approaching U
leuce, etc.); tibia tubae aemula, Hor. II. In a
bad sense, eealcus. rivnllina ; Carthago aenmla
imperii Rouiaui, Sail. ; aemula senectus, jealous,
Verg. Subst., aemulus -i, in. and acmiila
-BO, f. rial in loir, Cie. and Ov.
Aemus - Haemus (q.v.).
Acnarla -ae, f. a volcanic island on the west
coast of Italy, opposite Campania (now Ischia).
Aonca -ae, f. (Alveta), a town in Chalcidice;
hence, Acncntcs -um, in. (AivcaTtu), inhabit-
ants of Acnea.
Aeneas -ae, m. (AtVeias), son of Venus and
Anchises, hero of Vergil's Aencid, myth, ancestor
ofthe Romans, ; Aeneae mater, Penus,Ov. ; Aeneae
nibs, Home, Ov. ; hence A. Aeneades -ae, in.
a tcetutant of Aeneas; a, hisson Ascaniiis, Verg. ;
b, Avgnslus, Ov. ; plur., Aene.idae -arum, ni.J a,
the companions of Aeneas, Verg. ; or the Trojans,
Verg. ; h the Romans, Verg., Ov. JB. AeneiS
-Idos, f. vergil's Aencid. C._ Aeneius -a -um,
relating to Aeneas. D. Aenides = Aeneades.
aeneator-oris,m.(aeneus), a trumpeter, Suet.
aeneus and aheneus -a-um (aenum, ahen-
um). I. Lit., 1, made of brass, copper, or bronze,
Cic ; 2, of a bronze colour, Suet. II. Transf., 1,
hard as metal; mums, Hor. ; 2, aeuea proles,
the brazen age, Ov.
Aenianes -um, ni. (Alviaves), a Greek rave in
the south of Thessaly.
aenigma -atis, n. (alviytia), a riddle. I.
Quint. II. Transf., what is obscure, mystery;
somniorum, Cie.
aenipes (ahenipes) -pedis (aeneus and pes),
brazen-footed, Ov.
1. aenus (ahenus)-a-um(aes), 1, madeof brass,
copper, or bronze, Verg. Subst., aenum -i, u. a
brazen vessel, Verg. ; 2, firm, inexorable; maims,
Hor.
2. Aenus -i. I. Aenus (Aenos) -i, f. (A11/05),
a town in Thrace, at tlic mmtth of the Ilebrus, now
Enos; hence Acnil -oruni, m. its inhabitants.
II. Aenus -i, m. a river between Vindelicia
and Noricum (now the Inn).
Aeolcs -um, in. the Aeolians, one of the chiej
races of the Greeks, tho most important settle-
ments of whom were in Boeotia and Lesbos;
hence, a, Aeolicus -a -um, and b, Aeollus
-a -11111, Aeolic, with especial reference to Sappho,
the Lesbian poetess.
Aeolia -ae, f. (AioAia), 1, the north part of the
coast of Asm Minor, oi>posite to Greece, Cic; 2,
plur., Aeoliae insulae, a group of volcanic
islands onthe north coast of Sicily (the Lipari isles) ;
myth, seat of. Aeolus and Vulcan.
Aeolis -Idis, f. (At0A.1t), a part of Mysia, in
Asia Minor, north ofthe Hermus, Liv.
Aeolus (Aeolos) -i, m. (.-UoAos). I. son ofHel-
len, myth, founder of the Aeolian, race. II. son
or gramlsonof II ippotus, ruler of the Aeolian islands
and ofthe winds. III. a Trojan, Verg. ; hence, A.
Acolldes -ae, in. a descendant of Aeolus ; 1, ftta
sons, Sisyphus, Ov. ; Athamas, Ov. ; Snlmonens,
Ov. ; his grandson.-;, Cephalus, Ov. ; Ulysses, Verg.
B. Aeolis -idos, f. female, descendant of Aeolus;
1, his daughter;:, Canace, Ov. ; Alcyone, Ov. C.
Aeollus -a -um, bclongingto Aeolus; 1, belong-
Ing to Aeolus (I,); postes (of Athamas), Ov. ;
peci '" • A tee, Mart.; 2, belonging to
(II.); virgo, Til's daughter Arne, 6v. ;
tyrannus, Aeolus, Ov. ; antra, the eaves where
the winds wen kept, Ov. ; procellae, Verg.
r-jquabllls-c (aequo), like, similar, equal; 1,
praedae partitio, Cic. ; 2, that which is equal
' 1 '• r. a niform, equable : aronis, Cic. ; 3, fair,
, < ■ , mini ca jurisdictione aequabilius, Cic. ; of
jiersons, cunetis vitae. offlciis aequabilis, Tac, ;
in suns, affable, Tac,
aeq
19
aeq
aequabilitas -atis, f. (aequabilis), uniform-
ity, equability ; motus, Cic. ; hence, a, juris, im-
partiality, Cic; b, equality of political rights,
Cic. ; c, equanimity, Cic.
aequabiliter, adv. ■with compar. (aequa-
bilis), equably, uniformly, fairly ; praedam disper-
tire, Cic. ; aequabilius provinciae regentur, Tac.
aequaevus -a -um (aequus and aevum), of
equal age, Verg.
aequalis -e (aequo), equal. I. level; loca, Sail.
II. equal in height, size, etc. ; 1, corresponding to;
with dat., pars pedis aequalis alteri parti, Cic. ;
with inter, virtutes sunt inter se aequales et
pares, Cic. ; 2, of tlie same age with; with dat.,
exercitus aequalis stipendiis suis, that had served
as many campaigns as he himself, Liv.; withgenit.,
calo quidarn aeq. Hieronynii, Liv. ; of things,
aequali corpore nymphae, of the same age and
growth, Verg. ; with geuit., sacriticiuui aequale
hujus urbis, contemporary with, Cic. ; with dat.,
cui (Ennio) si aequalis fuerit Livius, Liv. ; with
genit., Philistus aequalis teinporum illorum,
Cic; memoria aequa illius aetatis, Cic. Subst.,
aequalis -is, c. a comrade, person of the same
aye; P. Orbius meus fere aequalis, Cic. ; 3, uni-
form ; imber lentior aequaliorque accidens auri-
bus, Liv. ; nihil aequale homini fuit illi, Hor.
aequalitas -atis, f. (aequalis), 1, evenness,
smoothness, Plin. ; 2, equality ; similitude- aequa-
litasque verboruni (of a pun), Cic. ; paterna,
complete harmony in thought, etc., Cic. ; equality
of age, Cic. ; 3, equality of political privileges, Inc.
aequaliter, adv. (aequalis), 1, evenly; collis
ab summo aequaliter deolivis, gently sloping,
Caes. ; 2, equally ; distribuere, Cic. ; 3, uni-
formly; oratio aequaliter constanterque ingre-
diens, symmetrically, Cic.
aequanhnitas -atis, f. (aequanimus, from
aequtis and animus), 1, impartiality, Tcr. ; 2,
calmness, Plin.
aequatio -onis, f. (aequo), a making equal;
bonorum, communism, Cic. ; juris, Liv.
aequo, adv. (aequus), in like manner, equally.
I. 1,- duae trabes aequo longae, Caes. ; aeque
dolere, Cic. ; with adv., aeque lubenter, Cic. ; 2,
in comparison, just as, equally with ; a, foil, by
et, atque, acsi, quani, quam ut, etc. ; eosdein la-
bores non esse aeque graves imperatori ct militi,
Cic. ; hi coluutur aeque atque illi, Cic. ; with
cum and the abl., ut aeque mecum haec scias,
Plaut. ; with abl. alone, Plant. ; with compar.,
homo me miserior nullus est aeque, Plaut. ; b,
when the object of the comparison is to be under-
stood, pauci quibuscuin essem aeque libenter
(sc. ac tecum), Cic. II. fairly, justly; societa-
tem conditiouis humauae munilice et aeque
tuens, Cic.
Aequi (Aequiciili, Aequicoli, Aequi-
culani) -orum, m. a people ui Lalium, with
whom the Romans waged frequent wars ; hence,
a^ Aequicus -a -um, Aequian; b, Aequi-
culus -a -um, Aequian.
aequxlibritas -atis, f. the equal distribution
of natural forces = icrovofiCa, Cic.
Aequimaelium -li, n. an open space in Rome,
on ihe'west side of the Capitol, where the cattle for
the sacrifices were kept, Cic.
aequinoctialis -e (aequinoetium), equinoc-
iial, relating to the equinox, Cat.
aequfriootlum -li, n. (aequus and uox), the
equinox, Cic.
a6quiparo (a6quipero), L (aequus and
paro), 1, to compare; with ad and the ace, Mias
virtutes ad tuas, Plaut. ; with dat. , mari tranquillo
QuodYentisconcitatur multitudineni Af'tolorum,
i aliquem, Liv. ;
solum Bed voce niagistrum, Verg.
aequitas -atis, f. (aequus}, 1, uniformity,
symmetry; membroruni, Suet.; 2, equanimity
(witli or without animi), Cic. ; 3, impartiality^
equity, fairness, justice; causae, Cic. ; cuuditio-
uum, Caes. ; servare aequitatem, Cic.
aequo, 1 . (aequus). I. tomakc level; locum,
Caes. ; aequata agri planities.Cic ; aequare frontem,
milit. t.t., to form a line, Liv. II. to make equal
with something else. A. 1, to distribute equally;
sortes, to shake up the lots, Cic. ; pecunias, Cic. ;
aequato omnium periculo, Cic. ; 2, to make tilings
of different kind eipial ; a, of height, solo, to level
with the ground, Suet. ; tig., solo aequandae sunt
dictaturae consulatusque, must be abolished, Liv. ;
machina aequata caelo, as high as the luacens,
Verg. ; rig., aliquem caelo laudibus, to extol to the
heavens, Verg. ; b, of number, qui (libri) se jam
illis aequarunt, Cic. ; per somuum vinumque
dies noctibus, to turn day into night by sleeping
and drinking, Liv. ; nocti ludum, to spend the
whole night in play, Verg. ; c, of rights, to make
equal ; invention est temperamentum quo tenui-
ores cum priucipibus aequari seputarent, Cic;
d, to compare ; Haunibali Philippum, Liv. B.
to equal, to come up to ;' Aypii odium, Liv.; sagitta
aequans ventos, Verg. ; aliquem passibus, Verg. ;
aliquein equestri gloria, Liv.
aequor -5ris, n. (aequus), aflat surface. I,
Gen. , speculorum, Lucr. II. Esp., 1, thejlat sur-
face ofaplain(\vith campi), camporum patentium
aequor, Cic. ; poet, (without campi), immeusum
aequor, of a desert, Verg. ; 2, poet., the fiat sur-
face of the sea, the sea ; with ponti or maris, vastum
maris aequor, Verg. ; oftener without maris,
etc., Ionium, Lucr. ; vastum, Verg. ; plur., saeva
aequora Vers. ; meton., the sea-water in a ship ;
aequor refundere in aequor, Ov. ; rarely, the sur-
face of a river, as the Tiber, Verg.
aequoreus -a -um (aequor), belonging to
the sea; genus, fishes, Verg.; rex, Neptune, Ov. ;
Britanui, sea-girt, Ov. ; Achilles, a son ofTlietis,
Lucan.
aequus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
super), equal. I. equal in itself. A. Lit., 1,
of the surface of the ground, level; aequus
et planus locus, Cic. ; ex aequo loco loqui,
to speak in the senate (opp. to ex inferiore loco,
in the presence of the judges, and exsuperiore loco,
in, the presence of the people), Cic; ex superiore
et ex aequo loco sermones habitos, public and pri-
vate conversations, Cic. Neut. subst., aequum
-i, n. level ground; facile in aequo campi victo-
riain fore, Liv. ; 2, of other things, level ; aequa
frons. milit. t.t., a straight line, Liv. B. Transf.,
1, of places, favourable, advantageous ; locum
se aequum ad dirnicandum dedisse, Caes. ; et
tempore et loco aequo instructos, Liv. ; 2, of
character, quiet, contented; concedo et quod ani-
mus aequus est et quia necesse est, Cic ; aequam
rebus in arduis servare mentem, Hor. ; esp. in
tho phrase aequo animo, patiently, with resigna-
tion; pati or ferre with ace, and ace. with
inriu., Cic. ; tolerare, Sail. ; accipere, Sall v ; spect-
are, Cic. ; animo aequissimo mori,Cic. ; in plur.,
animis lubentibus aut aequis aliquid remittere,
Cic. II. equal to something else. A. Lit., equal,
in breadth, height, etc. ; aequo ftrespatio abesse,
Caes. ; sequitur patrem non passibus aequis,
with shorter steps, Verg. ; urbs nubibus aequa, as
high as the clouds, Ov. ; acquis portionibus or
pensiunfbus (equal payments), dare, solvere, etc.,
Liv. ; foil, by atque, quam, cum ; aequo et pari
cum civibus jure vivere, Cic; qunm aequam
partem tibi 6umpseris atque populo Romano
miseris.Cie. B.Transf.,1, in aequa laudeponere,
Cic ,i aequa pugna. an indecisive battle, Liv. ; SO
aer
20
.Aea
aequo proelio or inarte diseedere, to fight an inde-
cislvebatl , i aes. ; bo aequa manu, or acquis mani-
Ims, Ta<\ and Liv. ; adv., ex aequo, tonally; sol
ex aequo mots dlstabHt utraquo, was equally dis-
'■•».!. Ov. ; 2, of behaviour, etc., ttrucd, impartial ;
n, ■■! |m'i.-..iis, fair; Be alicui aequum praebero,
< if, : praetor, .judex, testis, Cic. ; b, of tilings,
judii ia, cic ; lex, Cio. : aeouum est, it is just ;
with theauc.and hiHii. , aequum essoeumot officio
in i'o i ■on Mil. Tret tempori, Cic. Subst., acquum
• i, ii. fairness; quid in jure (strict law) nut in
aequo (equity) veruni ant essct aut non esse!,
Cic. ; per aequa per iniqua, by fair means or foul,
Liv. ; graviua aequo, thanisright, Sail.; acquum
et bonum, what is right, jit ; reus magis ex bono
aequoque quam ex jure gentium Bomilcar, Sail.;
;is a legal formula, quod or quantum aequius
melius, as is more equitable, Cic. ; soaequi bonique
faeere aliquid, not to find fault with, Cic. ; 3,
favourable to others, propitious; nobilitate in-
imiea, non aequo senatu, Cic. ; non aequa Pallas,
V( rg. ; minus acquis animis auditus est Seipio,
Liv. ; meia aequissimis utuntur anribus, / liear
them with the greatest pleasure, Cie. ; with dat.,
aequa Venus Teucris, Ov. ; ipsis est aer avibus
non aequus, harmful to, Verg. Plur. subst.,
acqul, friends in the phrase aequi iniquique,
friends and enemies, Cic.
aer, aejis, in. (<ujp), the lower air, the atmo-
sphere around us ; crassus, Cic. ; purus et tenuis,
Cic ; temperatus, Cie. ; aer suminus arboris,
the airy summit of a tree, Verg. ; aere septus
obscuro, surrounded by a cloud, Verg.
aera -ae, f. (atpa), o ■■' growing among
grain, darnel, tares, Din.
aeramentum -i, n, bronze or copper hare,
Plin.
aeraria -ae, f., v. aerarius, I. B. 2.
aerarium -ii, n., v. aerarius, II. B. 2.
aerarius -li, m.(ae3). L belonging to brassor
coi<per. A. Adj., lapis, copper, Pliu. ; Btructnrae,
copper mines, Caes. B. Subst., 1, aerarius -ii,
m. a worker in bwss, Plin. ; 2, aeraria -ae, f.
smelting-worte, Plin. TL belonging to money.
A. Adj., ratio, standard of the copper coinage,
Cic; milites, mercenaries, Varr.; ilia vctus
aeraria fabula, the old tale about the copper coin
that Vettius gave to Clodia, Cic. B. Subst., 1,
aerarius -ii, in. gen. in plur., aerarii, the citi-
zens of the lowest class in Rome, who hod no votes,
but had to pay a certain gum for the expenses of
the state, a class to which citizens of the higher
ranks might be degraded by the censors for
punishment ; aliquem aerarium faeere, to de-
grade, Liv.; aliquem in aerarios referri jubere,
Cic. ; 2, aerarium -Ii, n. a, We exchequer,
treasury, at Kome, under or behind the temple of
Saturn, where the treasures and archives of the
state were kept; peenniam in aerarium referre,
inferre, defcrre, redigerc, Cic. ; decreta patrum
ad aerarium deferre, Tnc. ; ineton., the money la-
the treasury, Cic. ; b, any public treasury, Cic.
aeratus -a -urn (aes), I. 1, covered or fitted
with brass or bronze; navis, Caes. ; lecti, with
bronze feet, Cic. ; poet., acie", an armed line of
rroopt, Verg. ; 2, provided with non •- rich, tri-
buDi non tarn aerati, quam ut uppellantur aerarii
Cwith a play on the words, vide aerarius II. B.
1), Cic. II. made of brass or bronze : securis,
Verg. ; transf., as firm as brass ; nodi, Prop.
aereus -a -um (aes), 1, mode of brass or cop-
per, sigrta aerea et marmorea, Liv. ; 2, covered
with brass ; puppis, Verg.
aerifer -ffira -Rrum (aes and fero), bearing
brazen cymbals, Ov.
aeriflce, adv. (aes and facio), skilfully (of
work in brass). Varr,
aerfnus -a -um (aiptros), made of darnel ut
tare-i, Plin.
acripos -pSdis (aes and pes), brazen-footed,
Verg., dv.
acrius (fu'reiis) -a -urn (aer), 1, belonging In
tin- air, airy; alterum (animantiuni genus), pen-
uigeruni et acrium, tiring in the air, Cic. ;
domus, the heavens, Hor. ; aerias vias carpere, tn
fly through the air, Ov. ; niel (from the belief
that honey fell in dew from the sky), Verg. ; 2,
high in the air, lofty; Alpes, Verg.
aero -onis, a wicker basket, riin.
Aerope -es, f. and Acrdpa -ae, f. ('AepoTn)),
mother of Agamemnon and ilenelaus.
aerosus-a -um (aes), rich in copper; aurum,
mixed with copjicr, Plin.
aeruginosas -a -um (aerugo), covered with
verdigris or copper-rust, Sen.
aerugo -inis, f. (aes). I. A. the rust of copper,
verdigris, Cic. B. Jleton. = rusty money, Juv.
II. Transf., 1, envy, Hor. ; 2, avarice, Ilov.
aerumna -ac, f. hard labour, toil, hardship;
Hcrculis perpeti aerumnas, Cic.
aerumnabills -e (aerumna), calamitous,
pitiable, Lucr.
aerumnosus -a -um (aevunma), full of hard-
ship and calamity ; Regulus, Cic.
aes, aeris, n. copper. I. Lit., copper ore, and
the alloy of copper, brass, or bronze; pedestrisex
aere statua, Cic. ; poet., of the brazen age, ut
inquinavitaerelempusaureum, Hor. II. Meton.,
something made of bronze, etc. A. Gen. (esp.
in poets), ft vessel, statue, etc., made of bronze,
etc. ; aes cavum, kettle, Ov. ; aera acre repulsa,
cymbals, Ov. ; Corybantia, cymbals used in the
service of Cybele, Verg. ; ejus aera refigere, the
brazen tabids on. which the laws icerc engraved,
Cic. ; aes publicum, public inscriptions, Tac. ;
aere ciere viros, with the trumpet, Verg. ; dempto
aere, the helmet, Ov. B. Esp. money, 1 5 copper or
brass money ; aes grave, (7was(ofa pound weight),
which was weighed instead of couuted ; denis
inillibus aeris gravis rcos condenmavit, Liv. ;
quinquaguita millia aeris (for assium), Liv. ;
argentuiu acre solutum est, three-fourths of the
debts were remitted- by payment of a (copper) as for
a (silver) sesterce, Sail. ; small change (ef. Engl.,
coppers); aera dabant olim, Ov. ; 2, money gene-
rally, gravis aere dextra, Verg. ; pueri qui non-
dam aere lavantur (= boys under four years, who
use the baths without paying), Juv. ; esp., a, aes
meuin, my property; est aliquis in meo aere, he
is bound to me, Cic. ; aes alienum, debt; faeere,
contrahere, in aes alienum incidere, esse in aere
alieno, Cic; solvere, Cic; so aes mutuuin,
Sail.; b, pay, Juv.; esp. soldiers' pay; aera
inilitibUB eonstituere, dare, Liv. ; c, aes cir-
CUmforaneum, money borrowed from the money-
changers, who had their booths round the forum,
Cic. ; 3, plur., aera, counters, Cic.
AeSacOS and AcsacUS -i, m. (AiVaicos), 80)1
of Priam, husband of Astcrope or Uesperia.
Aesar -Uris, n. a river in Bruttii, novEsaro;
hence adj., Aesarcus -a -um, belonging to the
river .[far.
Aesolunes -is and -i, in. (Aio^'vijOi I. °"
Athenian philosopher, disciple of Socrates. II. as
Keapolita p, philosopher, pupil of Carneades. Ill,
the celebrated Athenian orator, opponent of Demos-
thenes. IV. an orator of Miletus, contemporary
with Cicero.
Aeschylus -i, in. (Aio-x^Ao?). I. an Athenian
tragic poet (born about a.c. 025) ; hence Aeschy-
leus -a -um, belonging to Aeschylus ; cothurnus,
Prop. II. a rhetorician of Cnidos, contemporary
with Cicero.
Aes
21
aet
Aesciilapium -Ii,n. a temple oj Aesculapius.
Aesculapius -ii, m. ('Acr/cA^n-idt), the god of
medicine, son of Apollo and Coronis, worshipped
at Epidaurus,
aesculetum -i, n, (aesculus), an oak forest,
Hoi-.
aesculeus -a -am (aesculus), relating to the
winter oak, Ov.
aesculus -i, f. the winter or Italian oak,
Verg.
Aesernia -ae, f. town in Samnium, now
Isernia ; hence Aesermnus -a -urn, belonging
to Aesernia; surname of M. Marcellus, who was
taken prisoner at Aesernia; name of a celebrated
gladiator, Cic.
• AesiS -is, m. river in Picentnn, now Esino or
Fiumesino ; hence adj., Aesinas -atis.
Aeson -6nis, m. (Aicruv), a Thjssalian prince,
father of Jason ; hence, a, Aesdnides -ae, m.
a descendant of Aeson (Jason), Prop. ; b, Aeso-
UlUS -a -um, relating to Aeson; heros, Jason,
Ov.
Aesopus -i, m. (Aiaion-os). -I. a celebrated
Greek fabulist of Phrygia, supposed to have lived
in the 6th cent. b.c. II. Claudius (Clodius) Aeso-
pus, a tragic actor in Rome, contemporary and
friend of Cicero.
aestas -atis, f. (connected with di.0u> = to
burn, and aestus), summer. I. Lit., ineunte, Cic. ;
nova, at the beginning of summer, Verg. ; media,
Cic. ; adulta, tac. ; summit, Cic. ; exacts, at the
end of, Ball.; esp. used of the summer as the time
for military operations; unis litteris totius aes-
tatis (summer campaign) res gestas ad senatum
perscrihere, Cic. ; so quae duabus aestatibus
gesta, Tac. II. Meton., clear summer weather,
Verg. ; summer heat, Hor.
aestifer -fera -ferum (aestus and fero), heat-
bringing, Verg. ; ignis, Lucr.
aestlmabliis -e (aestimo), valuable, Cic.
aestimatio -onis, f. (aestimo). I. Lit., an a;)-
praising according to value in money ; aequam
aestimationem facere, Caes. ; census, the valua-
tion of the census, Cic. ; frumenti, valuation of
the corn, allowance for the governor of a
province, or the amount to be paid by the ara-
tores of the province instead of this allowance,
Cic. ; litis, assessment of damages, Cic. ; so,
multae, Liv. ; possessions, valuation of pro-
perty, Cic. ; praediainaestiniatione ab aliquo ac-
cipere, to take estates at tlie higher valuation that
prevailcdbefore the civil war, Cic. II. Transf., 1,
the valuation of a thing, a person, according to
its true value ; honoris, Liv. ; 2, as a philosoph.
t. t. (Gr. a£t'a), propria aestimatio virtutis, the
absolute worth of virtue, Cic.
aestimator -oris, m. (aestimo), 1, one who
estimates, an appraiser; frumenti, Cic; 2, one
who values a thing according to its worth; lidei,
Liv.
aestimatus -us, m. = aestimatio (q.v.).
aestimo (aestumo), 1. (aes), to appraise,
estimate the value ofanything. I. to estimate pecuni-
ary value ; frumentum (vid. aestimatio frumenti),
Cic; with abl. or gen., of value; aliquid terms
denariis, Cic. ; ufc liceat, quanti quisque velit,
tanti aestimet, Cic; witli adv., tenuissime, at
a very low rate, Cic ; with ex and abl., aliquid
ex nrtiflcio, according to the standard of work-
manship, Cic ; litem alicui or alicuius, legal
1. 1., to assess tlie damages in a law-suit, Cic. ;
pugnatum est ut lis haec capitis aestimaretur,
should be field a capital charge, Cic II. In a
wider sense, 1, to value according to any standard;
with abl. or gen., inagno, Cic ; niagni, Cic. ;
with adv., cariue, Cic. ; leviustempestatis quam
classis periculum, Caes. ; with ex and abl., vul-
gus ex veiitate pauca, ex opinione multa aesti-
mat, Cic. ; virtutemannis, Hor. ; satis aestimare,
to estimate at full value, with ace. and infill., Tac. ;
2, to judge, sicuti ego aestimo, Sail.
aestiva -drum, n., v. aestivus.
aestlve, adv. (aestivus), as in summer, Plant.
aestivo, 1. (aestivus), to pass the summer,
Plin.
aestivus -a -um (aestus), relating to summer ;
tempora, Cic. ; aura, Hor. ; saltus, summer pas-
turage of cattle, Liv. ; aurum, the gold ring of the
military tribunes, worn for six montlis, Juv. ;
aestivum tonat, itjhunders as in summer, Juv.
Plur. subst, aestiva -orum, n. ; a, (sc. castra),
a summer camp, Cic. ; meton. (because the an-
cients generally waged war only in the summer),
a campaign, Cic ; b, summer pastures for cattle,
Varr. ; meton., the cattle in summer jxistures, Verg.
aestuarium -ii, n. (aestus). 1, low ground
covered by the sea at high water, morass; itinera
aestuariis concisa, Caes. ; 2, a firth, creek, or
part of the river up which tlie tide flows ; in
aestuario Tamesae, Tac.
aestiio, 1. (aestus), to boil, to be Iwt. I. Of fire,
aestuat ignis, Verg. ; or the results of fire ; ventis
pulsa aestuat arbor, is heated, Lucr. ; si dixeris
"aestuo " (/ am warm) sudat, Juv. II. A, Lit.,
of liquids, to boil, or (of the sea) to rage ; gurges
aestuat, Verg. B. Pig., of the passions, to be in-
flamed or excited; ut desiderio te nostri aestuare
putarem, Cic ; nobilitasinvidiaaestuabat, Sail.;
so of love, rex in ilia aestuat, burns with love for,
Ov. ; aestuabat dubitatione, Cic.
aestuose, adv. with compar. (aestuosus),
hotly, Hor.
aest 1 io«us -a -um, adj. with superb (aestus),
I, hot; via, Cic. ; 2, agitated; freta, Hor.
aestus -us, m. (alOu). I. heat; 1, of fire,
propiusque aestus incendia volvunt, Verg. ; 2,
of the sun, raeridiei aestus, Liv. ; plur., hut days,
Verg. ; 3, of fever, aestu febrique jactari, Cic.
II. 1, seething and raging, of the sea; ferventes
aestibus undae, Ov. ; minuente aestu, the storm
lessenijig, Caes. ; 2, Transf., a, rage ; civilis belli,
Hor. ; of love, pectoris, Ov. ; b, fervour; ne
aestus nos consuetudinis absorbent, Cic. ; c, un-
rest, anxiety ; qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tene-
braeerant, Cic ; magno curarum fluctuat aestu,
Verg.
aetas -atis, f. (contr. from aevitas, from ae-
vum),fl(/e. I.A.lifetime; a, breve tempusaetatis,
Cic. ; aetatem agere, degere, conterere, consu-
mere, Cic. ; aetas mea, tua = /, you, Plant. ; b,
a generation (gen., 30 years ; sometimes, in poets,
100) ; tertiam jairi aetatem hominuin vivebat,
Cic. B. tlie age of a man; 1, Lit., a, Alius id aeta-
tis,o/</iatar;e,Cic.; sometimes, youth; qui aliquid
formae aetatis artiliciique habebant, Cic. ; earns
eris Romae donee te deseret aetas, Hor. ; some-
times, old age ; nusquam tantum tribuitur aetati,
nusquam senectus est honoratior, Cic ; some-
times, mmihood; in aetatem pervenire, Liv.; b,
with narrower meaning, iniens aetas, youth, Cic. ;
so llos aetatis, bona aetas, Cic. ; ad petendum (ma-
gistratum) logitima aetas, Cic. ; aetas militaris,
the seventeenth year, Sail. ; qnaestoria, the twenty-
fifth, Quint. ; senatoria, the twenty fifth, Tac. ; con-
sularis, the forty-third, Cic. ; adulta, Cic. ; ingra-
vescens, Cic ; acstute jam alfecta,/ar advanced in,
years, Cic. ; 2, Meton., the )>ersons of a part iculur
age; vestra, Cic. ; puerilis, boys, Cic. ; senilis, old
men, Cic. II. the time at which a person lives;
clarissimns imperator suae aetatis, Liv. ; 1, nostra
aetas, the men of our time, Liv. ; verborum vetus
aetas, obsolete words, Hor. ; 2, used gen. for time ;
aurea, the golden age, Ov. ; ouinia fert aetas, Verg.
aet
22
aff
actatiila -ao,f. (dim. of aetas), youthful age ;
prima ilia uetatula sua, ClC.
actcrnltas -Stfa, f. (aeternus). I. eternity;
ex o:nui leteroitate veruui esse, cic II. a, im-
mortality; animoruni, Cic ; allcnl aetornitatcni
liiunortalitatemque donare, Cic; b, in imperial
. a title of the Emperor, similar to majestas,
dlvinitaa, etc, Plin.
aetorno, 1. (aeternus), to make eternal, to
immortalize, Hor.
aeternus -a -nm, adj. with rompar. (eontr.
from aevitcrnus), eternal, immortal. I. dous, Cic.
IL everlasting, lasting, undying; bellurn, Cic;
orbs, Bomet Tib. ; amorc aoterno, Cic; in
aetTiiiini, /or ever, Liv. ; so acternum, Verg.;
aeterno, everlastingly, Plin.; neut. plur. subst.,
aeterna molbi, to do deathless deeds, Cic
aetlter-ena,acc. •"ra.in. (a'.flijp). l.A.thevpper
air, Cic. ; poet., heaven ; Jnppiteraethere Rummo
■ us, Vcrg. ; meton., the gods; oneravit ae-
tliera votis, Verg. B. Poet. (=aer), thelowerair;
verberareaetherapeunis, Verg. ; the upper world
wd to the infernal regions); aethere in
alto, Verg. II. Proper name. Aether, son of
£rebusand Night, identified with Jupiter.
aetherius (aethereus) -a -nm (aifle'pio?).
I. ethereal, relating to the ether; natura, Cic. ;
Bap., relating to the heavens as tht abode of the gods,
■''/; domus, heaven, Hor.; ignes, heavenly
nation, Ov. 1 ; equi, the horses of the sun, Ov.
II. 1, belonging to Vie air; aqua, rain, Ov, ; 2,
belonging to the upper world (as opposed to the
lower world); resei aura aetheria, to live, Verg.
Aethlopes -nm, ace -as, m. (A18ioir«J, the
inhabitants of Aethiojiia, Cic. ; sing., Aethioi; -
, m. a black man, Juv. ; cum stipitc
A. thiope, stupid, C i < • . ; hence, 1, Aethiopia -ae,
f. in wider sense, all the land to the south of the
world as known to the ancients; in narrow sense,
tht country south of Egypt; 2, Aothiopicus -a
-nm, Acthiopian; 3, Aethiopis -idis, to plant,
a kind of sage, Plin.
1. Acthra -ae, f. (MBpn). I. daughter of king
U of Troexen, mother of Theseus hy Acgeus.
II. daughter ofOceanus, mother of the llyadcs and
of llyas.
2. aethra -ae, f. (cuSpa), the upper air, the
clear sky, Verg,
Aetna -ae, f. (Aim)). I. Aetna, a volcano in
Sicily, according to one legend, the mountain t hat
Jupiter cast on the giant Typhoeus (or Typhon),
or Enceladns ; so proverb, onus Aetna gravius,
Cic. ; according to another legend, the interior
wai t lie workshop of Vulcan and the Cyclopes,
wlici there forged Jupiter's thunderbolts ;
hence Aetnacua -a -um, belonging to Aetna;
ti itre8, the Cyclopes, Verg. ; pastor, Me Cyclops
Polyphemus, Ov. ; meton., tellus, Sicily, Ov. II.
a tenvn at the foot of Mount Aetna, also called
Innesa; hence Aetncnsis -e, belonging to the
town of A>:
Aotoli -Ornm, ni. (AItwAoi'), the Aetolians, tlie
inhabitants of A etalia. Adj. Aetolus -a -nm,
Aetolian • plagae (alluding to Meleager and the
hunt of the Caiydoiiian boar), Hor.; anna, CUSpis
(of the Aetolian Diomcdes), Verg. ; in Is orArpi,
a town in Apulia, said CO have been founded
by Dioniedes, Verg. ; hence, 1, Actolia -ae,
f. Aetolin, a country in the west of Greece,
between Uzolian Locris and Acornanio ; 2,
Aetolicus -a -nm, Aetolian; helium, Liv.;
3, Aetolis -Mis, f. an Aetolian woman,
Deianiia, daughter of Oeneus king of Aetolia,
Ov. ; 4, Aetolius -a -um, hcros, Diomedes,
Ov.
aevftas -Stis, f. old form of aetas.
aevum-i,n. (a'lur). I. eternity; iuaevwm, for
ever, llor. II. lime. A. 1, time of life ; degerc,
ClC ; perbrevis aevi Cartliaginein esse, Liv. ; 2,
a generation (thirty years); ter aevo functus,
Hor. ; 3, «ge ; a, flos aevi, youth, Lucr.; integer
aevi, in the bloom of youth, Verg. ; prinio exstin-
gni in aevo, in early youth, Ov. ; b, esp., of old
age, aevo macieqne senescuut, Lncr. ; aevi ma-
twua, far advanced in years, Verg, B. 1, time at
which a person, is living; omnis aevi clari viri,
of every age, Liv. ; 2, time in gen., vcteris lion
inscins aevi, Ov.
Afcr, v. Afti.
affabilis -e, adj. with comptfr. (afTor), easy
to be spoken to, affable ; in oinni sermone affabileiu
et jucundum esse velle, Cic.
affabilitas -atis, f. (affabilis), affability;
comitas affabilitasque sermonis, Cic.
aftabre, adv. (ad and fa her), in a. workman-
like way, skilfully ; factus, Cic.
affatim, adv. (ad ami fatirn), sufficiently,
enough ; sat isfaeere alicui, Cic. Subst. with
genii., copiaruin affatim esse, Liv.
affatus -Via, m. (aflbr), an address, speech,
accosting, Verg.
affcctatie -onis, f. (affecto), a violent desire
and striving; quietis, Tac; Germanicae origi-
nis, eagerness to pass for Germans, Tac
affectator -oris, m. (atfecto), one who strives
after anything, Quint.
affectatus -a -tun, p. adj. (affecto), in rhet.,
elaborate, studied, Quint.
affectio -onis, f. (afticio). I. Active, influ-
nce ; praescnl is luali sapicntis affectio nulla est,
the wise man is not affected by evil, Cic. II.
Passive, condition ; 1, relation ; quaedam ad res
aliquas affectio, Cic. ; 2, state; caeli, Cic; 3,
condition ; a, of the body, firnia corporis affectio,
good health, Cic. ; b. of the mind, with or with-
out animi, favourable disposition of the mind,
Cic. ; nulla affectione animi, without predilection,
Tac.
affecto (adfecto), 1. (officio). I. to grasp;
nbi nulla daturdextra affectare (navem) potes-
tas, Verg. ; viam, to aim after, Plant. ; earn rem,
to meddle with, Liv. ; regnum, to obtain, Liv.
II. to strive after; 1, munditiam, non afllu-
entiain, Nep. ; spes potiendae Africae, to enter-
tain hopes, Liv. ; licllum Hernicum, to try to get
the command of the war, etc, Liv. ; imperium,
Liv. ; 2, to affect ; in verbis effnsiorem cultum,
Quint.
1. affectus -us, m. (afticio), a condition, dis-
position; of the mind, 1, animi, Cic; ab-
sol., feeling; veri affectus, Tac; 2, emotions',
passions; anions, avaritiae, inetus, Quint.;
desire, Tnc. ; 3, affection, Plin.
2. affectus -a -nm, p. adj. with supeil.
(aflicio). A. provided, furnished with; virgis,
Plant. ; vii tutibus, vitiis, Cic. B. disposed in,
any way as to mind or body ; 1, of the body,
a, nnm manna recte afl'ecta est quum in tumore
est, Cic. ; transf., quomodo affecto caelo coin-
posit isque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,
under what disposition of the stars, Cic. ; b, in-
disposed, disordered ; C'aesarem graviter affectum
Jam videram, Cic. ; valetudine afrectus, Caes.;
transf., civltaa acgra et affecta, Cic; c, near
completion ; bellurn affectum videmus et, ut vere
dicam, paene confectum, Cic. ; 2, of the mind,
disposed; eodem modoerit sapiens affectns erga
amicum, quo In se ipsum, Cic.
affero, attnli, allatum, afferre (ad and fero),
V, or bring to. I. Lit., A. Of persons,
aliqnid doinnm, Cic. ; cpistolam, litteras, to
aff
23
bring a letter, Cic. ; is qui litteras attulit, the
bearer of this letter, Cic. B. Of things, si tantum
notas odor attulit auras, Verg. II. Transf., A.
Gen., to bring ; aiiimum vacuum ad res ditticiles
scribendas, Cic. jmamisafferrealicui or alicui rei,
to seize, Cic. ; manus sibi, to commit suicide, ap.
Cic. ; manus suis vulneribus, to tear open, Cic. ;
alicui vim, to offer violence to, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to
bring news ; alicui non jucundissimumnuntium,
Cic. ; eo de Hortensii morte mihi est allatum,
news was brought me, Cic; foil, by ace. and
infin., Caelium ad ilium attulisse se quaererc,
etc., Cic. ; 2, to bring as an excuse or reason; ra-
tiones, cur hoc ita sit, Cic. ; aetatem, to allege in
excuse, Cic. ; 3, to produce, cause; alicui mortem,
Cic; 4, (u bring as a help; ad bene vivendum
aliquid, Cic ; 5, to bring as an addition; quis
attnlerit, who added the clause to the bill, Cic.
afficio -feci -fectum, 3. (ad and faeio). I.
to do something to; in rhet., to connect; eae
res quae quodammodo affectae sunt ad id de
quo quaeritur, Cic. II. to influence. A. aliquem
aliqua re, to affect in any way ; aliquem maxima
laetitia, Cic. ;' quanta me molestia atl'ecerit, Cic ;
cives Homani morte, cruciatu, cruce, Cic; ali-
quem sepultnra, to bury, Cic. ; aliquem capitali
poena, to punish, Liv. ; so in passive, inorbo
gravi et mortifero affectum esse, Cic. ; magna
■ dillicultate atlici, to be placed in a difficult po-
sition, Caes. ; beneficio atlici, to be benefited,
Cic. ; pio dolore affectum, Cic. B. aliquem, to
affect the body or mind ; 1, the body, exercendum
corpus et ita alficienduin est nt, etc., Cic. ; aestus,
labor, fames, sitis afliciuilt corpora, weaken,
Liv. ; 2, of the mind, litterae tliae sic me atl'ece-
runt nt, etc., Cic.
aftictio -onis, f. an adding to, Phaedr.
aff lgo -fixi -fixum, 3. (ad and tigo), to fasten to,
aflU: I. Lit., litteram illam (k) ita vehementer
ad caput, ut, etc., to brand, Cic ; Prometheum
Caucaso, Cic. ; cruci, Liv. ; of trophies of war,
signa affixa delnbris, Hot. II. Transf., a,
Ithaca ilia in aaperriinis saxis tamquam nidulus
affixa, Cic. ; alicui afflxum esse tamquam magis-
tro, not to leave the side of, Cic. ; b, of the mind,
to imprint, ea maxime afiigi animis nostris, Cic.
affingo -finxi -fictum, 3. (ad and lingo), _ to
form, feign, invent in addition, to add to. I. Lit.,
of artists, partem corporis, Cic. II. Transf., to
invent; qui nihil opinione allingat assumatque
ad aegvitudinem, Cic ; multa rumoreaffingeban-
tur, Caes.
aff inis -e (ad and finis). I. Lit., neighbour-
ing ; gens affinis Mauris, Liv. II. Transf., 1,
related by marriage; alter mihi attinrs erat, Cic.
Subst., affinis -is, m. brother-, sister-, father-,
■ mother-in-law ; cognati et affines, blood relations
and connections by marriage, Cic. ; 2, connected
with, privy to ; hujus suspicionis, Cic. ; hnic
facinori, Cic.
aff initas -Stis, f. (affinis). I. neighbourhood,
Varr. II. A. relationship by marriage; aftinitate
sese devincire cum aliquo, Cic. ; in affinitatem ali-
cuius pervenire, Cic. ; plur., conjunctio liomi-
num inter homines serpit sensim foras, cogna-
tionibus primum, deinde affinitatibus, deiude
amicitiis, Cic. ; meton., relations by marriage,
Plaut. B. union of any kind ; litterarum,
Quint.
affirmatc, adv. with superb (aflirniatus),
certainly, positively , promittore aliquid, Cic.
affirmatio -unis, f. asseveration, positive as-
sertion, Cic.
affirmo, 1. (ad and firino). I. to strengthen ;
societas jurejurando aifirmatur, Liv. II. a. to
support a statement, to prove ; quod breviter dic-
tum est rationibus affirmatum, Cic. ; b, to assert
aff
as true; quis rem tarn veterem pro certo affirmet,
Liv. ; omni asseveratione tibi atlirmo (followed
by ace. and infln.), Cic. ; with de and the abl.,
quid opus est de Lionysio bun valde aflirinare.
affixus -a -urn (p. adj. from affigo), fixed to,
closely joined to, affixed ; Pyrenaeo, closely ad-
jacent to, l'liu.
afflatus -us, m. (afflo). I. n blowing or a
breathing on; maris, sea breeze, Plin. ; deneget
afflatus ventua et aura suos, Ov. ; used of the
breath of men and animals, Ov. II. inspiration ;
sine aliquo altlatu divino, Cic.
afflco -fieri -fictum, 2. (ad and tleo), to weep
at, Plant.
afflictatio -onis, f. (afflicto), bodily pain,
torture, Cic.
afflicto, 1. (intens. of affligo). I. to strike or
beat A. Lit., afflictare se, to beat one's breast in
grief, Sail. B. Transf., attlictare se, or alllictari,
to be troubled; de quibus veheinenter afllictor,
Cic. II. to damage by striking. A. Lit., onera-
rias (naves) tempestas aillictabat, Caes. B.
Transf., to harass, to torment; gravius vehemen-
tiusque afflictari (morbo), Cic.
afflictor -oris, m. (atlligo), adestroycr ; digni-
tatis et auctoritatis, Cic.
affiictus -a -urn, p. adj. (affligo), 1, damaged,
sliattered ; fortuna, amicitia, Cic. ; 2, broken
down, spiritless, desponding; aegritudiue affiictus,
debilitates, jacens, Cic. ; 3, vile, contemptible;
homo alllictus et perditus, Cic.
affligo -llixi -flictum, 3. I. A. to strike, dash
against ; vasa parietibus, Liv. B. to dash to the
ground; statuam, Cic; equi viriqnc affiicti,
struck down in battle, Sail. II. to ill-treat,
damans. A. fusti caput alicuius, Tac. ; naves
quae gravissiine afflictae erant, Caes. B. Transf. ,
to weaken, discourage, injure; non vitium nos-
trum sed virtus nostra nos afflixit, Cic. ; non
plane me enervavit nee afflixit senectus, Cic;
causam susceptam, to drop a law suit, Cic. ;
vectigalia bellis aftliguntur, suffer through war,
Cic. ; animos affligere et debilitare metu, Cic.
afflo (ad-flo), 1. I. to blow on. A. Lit., affla-
bat acrior frigoris vis, Liv. ; odores qui atflarentur
e fioribus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Intrans., to blow
propitiously; felix cui placidus leniter afflat
amor, Tib '; 2, Trans., to bring; rumoris nescio
quid altlaverat commissione Graecornm frequen-
tiam non fuisse, Cic. ; 3, to breatlie, to communi-
cate secretly; laetos oculis afflarat honores, Verg.
II. A. to breathe on ; velut illis Canidia afliasset,
Ilor. ; nosque. ubi primus equis Oriens afflavit
anhelis, Verg. ; of fire and heat, saucii afflatique
incendio, scorched, Liv. B. to inspire; afflata
est nuiuine quando jam propiore dei, Verg.
affluens -cutis (p. adj. of affluo), rich, affluent,
abundant, plentifully provided with, full of; opi-
bus et copira, Cic. ; omni scelere, Cic. ; ex afflu-
enti, in abundance, Tac.
affluenter, adv. with compar, (affluens),
richly, abundantly, voluptate aftluentius haurire,
Cic.
affluentia -ae, f. (affluens), overflow, abun-
dance ; omnium rerum, Cic.
affluo (ad-fluo) -fluxi -fluxum, 3. to flow to.
A. Lit., 1, of rivers, Aufidus amnis utrisque
castris affluens, Liv. ; 2, a, of the concourse of
atoms In the Epicurean philosophy, Lucr. ; b, <>f
men, to flock together; alllucnte quotidie mulfi-
tudine ad famam belli spemque praedae, Liv.
B. Transf., 1, to rome; nihil ex istis locis non
modo litterarum, sed lie rumoris quidem nffluxit,
Cic. ; 2, to abound; quum domi otium et divi-
tiae affluerent.Sall. ; unguentis affluens, dripping
viith unguents, Cic. ; voluptatibus. Cic.
aff
24
agg
affor (ad-for), 1, dep., to accost, address ; verai-
bus aliquem, Cic; esp., to toy farewell to tlie
dead ; aiihri extremum, Vers. ; '" pra-n to ; cleos,
Verg. (lit pore, of prea. indie not found; only
naeu in the otlier persona of the prcs. indie, the
1st pets, inipn f. indie., the Slid pora. impel*., the
liilin., find partlc).
afformido, 1. to be in fear, Plant.
affrico -fritui -fricatum, 1. to rub, Plin.
affrictlis -us, m. (a(t'rico), a rubbing on,
Plin.
affulgeo -fulsi, 2. to shine, glitter. A. Lit.,
Venus (the ]>'.a>ut), all'ulsit, Ov. B. Transf., 1,
of a deity, to look favourably upon; vultus ubi
tuns affulsit, Hor. ; 2. of hope, to appear; con-
suli rei inajoria spes affulsit, Liv.
affundo -fiidi -fusilin, 3. to pour into. I. Lit.,
veneniim vulneri, Tac. ; colonia amue affusa,
washed by a river, Plin. II. 1, of men, to add ; at
equltaii) tria muilacnrnibusarTunderentur, Tac. ;
2, affundere se or atl'undi, to prostrate oneself on
the ground ; affusaquc poscere vitam, Ov.
Afranius -a -uni, name of a Roman plebeian
g>'ns, the nmst famous of which were I. L. Afra-
nius, a Roman comic poet (born probably about
130 a.c.), contemporary of Terence. II. L. Afra-
nius, dependent and legate of Cn. J'ompeius,
kitted after the buttle of Thapsus.
Afri -drum, in. the dwellers in Africa, especi-
ally in the narrow sense of the district round
Carthage; sing., dims Afer, Hannibal, Hor.
Adj., Afer -fra-frnm; aqua, sea between Sicily
ana Africa, 0\ . ; avis, guinea-fowl, Hor. ; sorores,
the Hesperides, Juv. Hence A. Africa -ae, f.
1, in wider sense, the continent of Africa, Sail. ;
2, in narrower sense, Africa propria or Africa
provincia, the country around and formerly be-
longing to Carthage; and in a narrower sense
still, the district of Zeugis with its capital
Carthage. B. AfricanuS -a -uni, belonging to
Africa ; bellum, Caesar's war against the Pom-
j.' fas in Africa, Cic; gallinae, guinea-fowl,
Vuir. Subst, , Africanae -arum, f. (sc. bestiae),
African wild beasts, lions, etc., used in the circus
at Rome, Liv. As a surname, Africanus, sec
Cornelius. C. Africus -a -um, African ;
bellum, the second Punic war, Liv.; Caesar's war
i the Pompeians, Caes. ; mare, smith-west
/ the Mediterranean sea. Sail. ; vent.us
Africus or Africus alone, the S. IV. stormy rain-
wind ; praeceps, Hor.
Agamemnon •finis, m. ('Ayanf/iMf), a king
of Mycenae, leader of the flreek expedition to Troy ;
hence, 1, Agamemnonides -ae, m., a i i
or descendant of Agamemnon, Orestes, Juv.; 2,
Agamemnonius -a -um, relating to Agamem-
non; puella, Iphigenia, Prop.
Aganippe -5s, f. fAyavimrn), a fountain in
Boeotia. sacred to the Muses, Verg. ; hence, 1,
Aganippis -Idis, f. Aganippsan, Ov. ; 2,
Aganippeus -a -uni, relating to Aganippe,
ea< red it the Muses ; lyra, Prop.
agaso -Gnis, m. (ago), aliorse-boy, groom, Liv. ;
rev, Liv. ; awkward servant, Hor.
Agathocles -is and -i, m. (Aya^o/cAT)?), 1, a
tyrant of Syracuse, born 801 a.c. ; 2, a Greek
philosojiher and writer on hvsliandry ; 3, a Greek
ian.
Agathyrna -ae, f. (*A 7 <{0upi>a), or Aga-
thyrnum -i. n. (^AydSupvov), a town on the A'.
coast of Sicily, now 8. Agatha.
Ag.ithyrsi -drum, m. ('Ayaflupo-oi), a Scy-
thian people living on the Maris, in modern,
Hungary, who tattooed themselves blue; picti,
Verg.
Agave -es, f. ('Ayami), daughter of Cadmus,
mother of Pentheus, whom she killed in a Bacchic
frenzy.
Agendicum -i, n. capital of the Senones, in
Gallia Lugdunensis, now Sens.
Agolastus -i, in. (aye\a&To<;, never laugh-
ing), surname of M. Crassus, grandfather of tlie
triumvir, said to have laughed only once in his
W'e.
agellus -i, in. (dim. of ager), a little field,
Cic.
agemS -atis, n. (ayryxa), a corps in the Mace-
donian army, Liv.
Agenor -5ris, m. (' Aygvoip), a king of Phoeni-
cia, father of Cadmus and Enrojxx ; urbs Agenoris,
Carthage, Verg. ; Agenore natus, Cadmus, Ov. ;
hence, 1, Agenorides -ae, in. a sou or de-
scendant of Agenor, Cadmus, Ov. ; Perseus, u<
descendant of Danaus, nephew of Agenor, Ov. ;
2, AgendreuS -a -um, relating to Agenor;
domus, house of Cadmus, Ov. ; bos, the butt that
bore away Kuropa, Ov. ; aenum, the kettle used for
the Phoenician, purple dye, Mart.
agens -cutis (partic of ago), lively, active,
acer orator, incensus et agens, Cic.
ager.agri, m. (aypo?). 1,1, land incultivation,
a, field, piece of land; colere, Cic. ; homo ab agio
veniotissinms, knowing nothing of agriculture,
Cic. ; 2, ooen country in opposition to the town;
vastati agri sunt, urbs assiduis exhausta funeri-
bus, Liv.; 3, the land opposed to the sea; arx
Crotonis una parte imminens mari, altera parte
vergentc in agruni, Liv. ; 4, in agrum, in depth
(opp. in fronteni, in length), Hor. II. the terri-
tory of a state, Tusculanus, Cic.
Agesllaus -i, m. ('A-yiiCTi'Aaot), a king of
Sparta who conquered the Persians on the I'actolus
in Asia Minor (a.c. 300), and the Boeotians, Athe-
nians, and other Greeks at Coronea in Boeotia.
Agesimbrotus -i, m. (Ay>jo-i>j9poTos), cowi-
mander of the Rhodian fleet against Philip of
Mucedon.
Agesipolis -polldis, m. ('AyTja-iVoAit), son of
Cleombratns and king of Sparta about 195 a.c.
aggemo (ad-gemo), 3. to groan at, to weep at,
Ov.
agger -eris, in. (2. aggero). Immaterial brought
together to form a heap or mound ; aggerein com-
portare, petere, Caes. ; paludem aggere explere,
Caes. ; poet, moliri aggere teeta, to build and
fortify with a mound, Verg. II. 1, a mound,
rampart; apparare, jacere, facere, instruere,
Caes. ; agger Tarquinii, or simply agger, a ram-
part said to have, been built by Targuinus Super-
bus to protect Rome; 2, a rampart to protect a
hitrlioitr, Verg.; the, bonk of a river, gramineus
ripae agger, verg. ; the, causeway of a road; agger
viae, Verg. ; 3, poet., any kind of elevation ;
tumuli ex aggere, Verg. ; aggeres Alpini, Verg. ;
arenae, Verg. ; a funeral pile, Ov.
1. aggero, 1. (agger), to form a mound, to
heap up. I. Lit., Tac; cadavera, Verg. II. Fig.,
to increase ; dictis iras, Verg.
2. aggero (ad-gero) -gessi -gestutn, 3. (ad and
gero). I. Lit., to carry to, bring to; luta ct
limum, Cic. ; withdat., aggcritur tuinulo tellus,
Verg. II. Fig., to load, heap on; probra, Tac.
aggCStUS -lis, in. (2. aggero), a carrying to,
accumulation; pabulae, materiae, lignorum, Tac.
agglomero (ad-glomero)] 1. Lit. to wind
on a. hull, to add; aduunt sc sneioa et later! ng-
glomerant nostro, throng to our side, Verg.
agglutino (ad-glutiao), 1. to glue to, to fasten
to, Cic.
agg
25
agn
aggravesco (ad-gravcsco), 3. to become
severe, to grow worse (of sickness), Ter.
aggravo (ad-gravo), 1. I. Lit., to make
heavier, Plin. II. Trausf., to make xvorse; ino-
piam socioi'um, Liv. ; to heighten; suininam in-
vidiae ejus, Liv.
aggredio, 3. active form of aggredior(q.v.).
aggrcdior -gressus sum, 3. dep. (ad and gra-
dioi). A. 1, to go to, approach; ad aliqucm, Plaut. ;
nou repelhtur quo aggredi cupiet, Cic. ; 2, to
approach a person; a, in a friendly manner,
quern ego Romae aggrediar, Cie. ; aliquem pecu-
nia, Sail. ; Venerem dictis, to address, Verg. ; b.
Ill a hostile manner, to attack; eos impeditos et
inopinantes, Caes. ; murum, Sail. B. Trausf.,
to begin, to undertake, to attempt; ancipitem
causam, Cic ; facinus, to begin, Liv. ; with ad
and the ace, ad causam, ad crimen, ad disputa-
tionem, ad historiam, Cic. ; with ad and the
gerund, ad dicendum, Cic. ; followed by the
iniin., oppidum altissimis moenibus oppugnare,
Caes.
aggrego (ad-grego), 1. to add to, join with;
a, with adv., eodem ceteros undique collectos
naufiagos, Cic. ; b, with in and the ace, ego te
in nostrum numerum aggregare soleo, Cic. ;
C, with ad and the ace, se ad eorum amicitiam,
Caes. ; d, with dat., se Romanis, Liv. ; e,
absol., alius alia ex navi, quibuscum^"-- signis
occurrerat, se aggregabat, Caes.
aggressio -onis, f. (aggrcdior), the intro-
duction to a speech; prima aggressione aniinos
occupare, Cic.
agilis -e (ago). A. Of things, 1, easily moved,
liglU; classis, Liv. ; 2, quick; rivus agilior,
Plin. B. Of persons, 1, light, nimble; dea,
Diana, Ov. ; Cyllenius, Mercury, Ov. ; 2, active;
oderunt agilem gnavumque remissi, Hor. ; nunc
agilis lio, busy, Hor.
agilitas -atis, f. (agilis), the power of being
easily moved, quickness, agility, lightness; na-
vium, Liv. ; naturae, Cic.
Agis -idis, m. (*Ayts), name of three kings of
Sparta.
agitabilis -e (agito), easily moved, light;
aer, Ov.
agitatio -onis, f. (agito). S. Act., A. Lit.,
motion; anceps teloruni armorumque, Liv. B.
management; reruin magnarum agitatio atque
administratio, Cic. II. Pass., state of motion.
A. Lit, agitatio et motus linguae, Cic. ; tantas
agitationes fluctuuin, Cic. B. Trausf., activity;
numquam animus agitatione etmotu esse vacuus
potest, Cic.
agitator -oris, in. (agito), 1, one who sets in
motion, a driver; aselli, Verg. ; 2, a charioteer,
who contended for the prize inXhe circxis, Cic.
agitatus -i\s, ra. = agitatio (q.v.).
agito, 1. (intens. of ago), to put in constant
motion, to drive about. I. Lit., 1, of animals,
to drive ; spumantem equum, Verg. ; or to hunt ;
aquila insectans alias aves et agitans, Cic. ; 2,
of the wind on the sea, to agitate, toss up and
down ; mave ventorum vi agitari atque turbari,
Cic. ; 3, to stir up in any way, to move hastily ;
quod pulsu agitatur cxterno, Cic. ; corpora hue
illuc, Sail. II. Trausf., 1, to vex, agitate, harass ;
ut eos agitent insecteuturque furiae, Cic. ; Tyr-
rheuam fidein aut gentes agitare quictas, to
trouble, Verg. ; seditionibus tribuniciis atrociter
res publica agitabatur, Sail. ; to ridicule, quas
personas agitare solenius, non sustincrc, Cic. ;
2, in speech, to handle, treat of, argue, discuss;
agraria lex vehementer agitabatur, Cic. ; 3, in
thought, to think about, consider (with or with-
out in fHirde, in mcute, iu aninio, or simply
animo or mente) ; in animo bellum., Liv. ; rem
mente, Cic. ; a, with inlin., aliquidinvadereiiiag.
mini mens agitat mihi, Verg. ; b, with de, de in-
ferendo bcllo, Liv. ; c, with rel. sent, id plebes
agitabat quonam modo, etc., Liv. ; 4, to prac-
tise, exercise; quibus agitatus et exercitatus
animus, Cic. ; 5, of festivals, to keep; dies festos,
Cic; 6, to manage, observe, keep; imperiuin,
Sail. ; gaudium atque laetitiam, to exjn-ess, Sail. ;
praecepta parentis mei, to observe or practise,
Sail. ; 7, of time, to live; sub legibus aevum,
Verg. ; 8, (sc. sc), to pass time, stay ; laeti
neque procul Germani agitant, Tac. ; Libyes
propius mare agitant, Sail. ; 9, to act (on the
stage), Plaut.
Aglaii -es, f. CAyWa and 'Aykairj), the oldest
of the graces, Verg.
aglaspis -idis, in. (ayKarj a<rnif, a bright
shield), sokliers with briglit shitlds, name of a
division in the Macedonian army, Liv.
agmen -inis, n. (ago), something driven or
moved, a mass in movement. I. Gen., A. Of
things with life, 1, of men, a band, a throng ;
stipatus agmine patriciorum, Liv. ; Eumenidum
agmina, Verg. ; 2, of animals, agmen ferarum,
Ov. ; aligeruin agmen, swans, Verg. ; grani-
ferum agmen, ants, Ov. B. Of things with-
out life, 1, a large stream of water, leni fluit
agmine flumen, Verg. ; so of rain, iiniueusum
agmen aquarum, Verg. ; 2, of the atoms, Lucr. ;
3, of the clouds, Lucr. ; 4, of the movement
of oars, Verg. ; 5, of the gliding of snakes,
extremae agmina caudae, Verg. II. As milit.
t. t., an army. A. Abstr., the march of an
army; citato agmine, Liv. ; rudis agniinuin,
Hor. B. Concr., 1, the army on march; a, of
infantry, phalanx agmen magis quam acics
(acics," the army in line of battle), Liv. ; agniiuo
ingrcdi, ire, Liv. ; agmine instructo, ready for
march, Liv. ; agmine facto, in close marching
order, Verg. ; tripartite ngmine, a march in three
columns, Tac. ; aginen pilatum, Verg., or justuin,
an army in close marching order, Tac ; quadratum,
a march in a hollow square, Sail. ; priinum, the
vanguard, Caes. ; medium, the centre, Caes. ;
extromum or novissimum, the rear, Cic. ; ducere,
to lead, Cic ; cogere, to act as rearguard, Caes. ;
so tig., ut nee duces sumus nee agmen cogamus,
Cic. ; b, of cavalry, equitum, Liv. ; 2, of a
fleet, Liv. ; 3, of the baggage of an army, ini-
pedimentorum, Tac ; rerum captarum, Liv. ;
4, Transf., of animals marching in order, de-
cedens agmine magno corvorum exercitus, Verg. ;
and so of things personified, venti velut agmine
facto, qua data porta, ruunt, Verg. ; stellae
quarum agmina cogit Lucifer, Ov.
agna -ae, f. (agnus), a female lamb, Hor.
Agnalia -ium = Agonalia (q.v.).
agnascor (ad-guascor) -natus, 3. to be born
in addition to, legal t. t. of children born after
their father's will, either in his lifetime or after
his death, Cic
agnatio -onis, f. (agnascor), relationship
reckoned through males only, Cic.
agnatus -i, m. (agnascor), 1,'a relation de-
scatded from a common ancestor in the male line,
Cic. ; 2, a child born into a family where a
regular heir already exists, Tac
agnellus -1, m. (dim. of agnus), a little land),
Plaut.
agninus -a -am (agnus), relating to a lamb,
Plaut. Subst, agmna -ae, f. (so. caro), lanCb't
flesh, Hor.
agmtio -onis, f. (agnosco). 1, recognition ;
cadaveris, Plin.; 2, knowledge; animi. of the
nature of the mind, ClC
agn
2G
Agy
agnomen (ad-nonicn)-Tnis, n. surname, nar>ie
g'wen to a mini for some service, e.g. Africnuus,
Asiaticus.
agnosco (ad-gnosco)-novi-nltum, 3. (ad and
piiosco = nosco). I. to perceive (in its true
character), to recognise; deumex opcrfbns suis,
veteran Anchisenagnoscitaniicum, Verg. ;
parvam Trojam, Verg. II. to recognise as true
or genuine, to acknowledge ; fllium queni Hie
natum noii agnorat, eundeni moriens suum dix-
erat, Nep. ; aliquem non ducem, Liv. ; of tilings,
crimen, Cic. ; quod lneum quoddammodo ag-
nosco, Cic. ; with ace. and infln., ct ego ipse
me non esse verbornm admodum inopem ag-
nosco, Cic.
agnus -i, m. " lamb ; collect., abundare agno,
Cic. ; pro v., agnum lupo eripere velle, to wish
for the impossible, Plaut.
Sgo, egi, actum (dy<o), 3. to set in "motion. I.
Lit., A. to drive, 1, cattle, etc.; boves Romani,
Liv. ; 2, to lead or drive men, agmen agere, to set
on army in motion, Liv. ; se agere, to go, Plant. ;
3, to ride a horse or drive a carriage, to set a ship
in motion; eqiium, Tac ; carpciituin, Liv. ; naves,
Liv. ; 4, of things, to put in motion, drive, Tineas
turreaque, Caes. ; nubes ventus agens, Lucr. B.
1, to drive with force or violence ; turba fugientium,
actus, L<v. ; animain agere, to give up the ghost,
Cic. ; glebis ant fustibus aliquem dc fundo, Cic. ;
2, Esp., to plunder, to drive away cattle, often
with ferre or portare, res quae fern agique pos-
smit, Liv.; 3, to constiiict, build, lay; funda-
nieiita, Cic. ; 4, of plants, to strike root, Plin. ;
fig., vera gloria radices agit, Cic. II. Transf., A.
Gen., as regards actions, to drive, incite; in armi ,
Liv. ; aliquem in fraudeni, Verg. ; se agere or agere.
absoL, to live; nuilto ct fniniliarilcr cum aliquo,
Sail. B. 1, of time, to pas?; quartum annum
•ago et octogesimum, lam in my eighty-fourth
year, Cic. ; aetatcm in littcris, Cic. ; 2, to act, to
do ; quid vos agitis ? Cic ; quid again ? Ter. ;
absol., ludustrla in agendo, Cic; male, bene,
arc agere cum aliquo, to treat a person well
or badly, Cic. ; nihil agere, Cic. ; id agere ut or
lie, to give attention to, to do one's best; id agunt
lit viri boni esse videantur, Cic. ; 3, of outward
expression, a, of orators, to declaim, agere cum
dignitato ac venustate, Cic. ; b, of actors,
to pla 't, deliver, muiquam agit Ros-
cius hune vcrsum co gestu quo potest, Cic;
fabnlam, to piny in a piece (comedy), Cic. ;
primas partes, to play leading parts, Ter. ; agere
aliquem, to represent some character ; ministrum
Imperatoris, Tac ; c, to express gratitude ; grates,
Cic ; 4, a, of a festival, to keep; festos dies
annlversarios, Cic ; b, to keep, observe, pacem,
Sail.; c, t<> leeep watch, Sail. ; vigilias, Cic;
d, to hold a meeting, to execute some function,
; forum or conventuin, to hold the as-
i'ic, Caes. ; esp., agere bellum, to have the
conduct of a war, Liv. ; 5 a, to treat with ; ut
agerem cum Lucccio de vestra vetere gratia recon-
la agente Servilia, through the agency of
Servilic, Cic ; b, in politics, to bring questions be-
fore the senate or people for decision ; in senatu
de aliqua re, Ov~; cum populo, Cic; nihil
omnitio actum est de nobis, Cic ; agere causam
alicuius, to take the side of some politician, Cic. ;
c, in law, agere causam, to plead some one's cause,
UC. ", absoL, agere, to bring an action, to sue;
ex syngrapha, Cic. ; non cnim gladiis tecum si d
litibtu agetnr, Cic.; used esp. with jure, and
lege in hercditatem, Cic. ; with genit.
of accusation, furti, Ut indict for theft, Cic. ; qua
de re ogitur, the point at dispute, Cic. ; in quo
agitur populi Romani gloria, is at stake, Cic.;
acta res c-». or actum est, the transaction is
finidied, so followed by dc, it is all over with ;
acta nc neamuv, act vhev, it is too late, Cic Iin-
perat.,-ngc, agite, used with duni, as an inter-
jection, cornel well! good! Cic.
agon -onis, m. (iynv), a contest in the public
games, Plin., feuet.
Agonalia -lum and -orum, n. the festival of
Janus ; hence adj., Agonalis -e, relating to the
Agonalia; Agonalis lux, the day of the Agonalia,
Ov.
Ayonia -orum, n. 1, the animals for sacri-
fice ; 2, = Agonalia, Ov.
agoranomus -i, in. (ayopavoixos), a market
inspector in Greece, Plaut.
agrarius -a -uni(ager), relating to land ; lex,
law relating to the division of the public land, Cic ;
res, the division of public lands, Cic. ; triumvir,
the officer who presided over the division, Liv.
Subst., agrarii -orum, in. the agrarian party,
who proposed to distribute the public land
among the people, Cic. ; agrarXa -ae, f. (se.
lex), an agrarian law, Cic.
agrestis -e (ager), relating to the fields or
try. A. 1, wild; taurus, Liv.; 2, savage;
vultus, Ov. B. 1, belonging to the country,
rustic; hospitium, Cic; homo, Cic. Subst.,
agrestis -is, in. a countryman, Cic. ; 2, rough,
boorish, clownish; servi agrestes et barbari, Cic. ;
rustica vox et agrestis, Cic ; agrestiores Jlus.ie,
the muses of the courser, practical arts, e.g. elo-
quence, opposed to mansuetiores Musae, e.g.
philosophy, Cic.
1. agricola -ae, m. (ager and colo), a titter
of the fields, farmer ; agricola et pecnarius, Cic;
deus agricola, Silvanus, Tib. ; caelites agricolae,
the gods of the country, Tib.
2. Agricola -ae, m. GnaeusJulius(40-Q3A.T>.') l
father-in-law of Tacitus, governor ofUritain.
agrlcultio -onis, f. = agricultura (q.v.).
agricultor -oris, m. = agricola (q.v.).
agncultura -ae, f. agriculture, Cic.
u Agrigentum -i, n. (Gr. 'AKpayct? and Lat.
Acragas), a flourishing Greek, town on the south
coast of Sicily. Adj., Agrigentinus -a -um,
and Acragantinus -a -um, Agrigentine.
agripcta -ae, in. (ager and peto), a land-
grabber, Cic. ; a settler or squatter, Cic.
Agrippa -ae, m. I. Soman family name.
A. Menenius Agrippa, the author of the fablo
of the belly and the. members, by which he was
said to have reconciled the plebeians and patri-
cians, Liv. ii. 32. B. 1, -M. Vipsanius Agrippa,
(63-12 B.C.), the friend and adviser of Augustus,
whose niece, Marcella, and daughter, Julia, he
successively married, a celebrated general and
statesman, who adorned Rome with many large
buildings. 2, Agrippa Postumus, son of the
above, banished to Planasia by Augustus, said
to have been murdered there at the beginning
of Tiberius's reign. II. Name of two kings of
the Jlerod family in Judaea, Herodes Agrippa I.
and Herodes Agrippa II.
Agrippina -ae, f. the name of several Soman
women. I. A. daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa.
by his first wife, wife of Tiberius. B. daughter
of Agrippa by Julia, and wife of Germanicus,
banished to Paudataria after her husband's deat h .
II. The granddaughter of Agrippa, daughter of
German ifus and Agrippina (f. B.), gen. known
as Younger Agrippina, wife of her uncle, the
Emperor Claudius, murdered by order of her
son, the Emperor Nero ; hence Colonla Agrip-
pinensis, a town of Germany (now Cologne),
named in honour of Agrippina (II. ).
AgyiCUS -Si or -Cos, in. ('Ayiutv';), surname oj
Apollo, as protector of streets, Hor.
Agy 11a -ae, f. ('Ayi'AAa), Greek, name of the
Agy
27
Alb
Etruscan town Caere. Adj., a, Agyllinus -a
-urn, relating toAgylla, urbs = Agylla, Verg. ; b,
Agylleus -Sos, m. epithet of Apollo, who had a
temple at Agylla, Hor.
Agyrium -li, n, ('Ayvpiof), a town in Sicily,
birth-place of the historian Diodorus, now S. Fi-
lippo d'Argiro ; hence Agyrinensis -c, relating
to Agyrium.
ah, interj., o>i.' oh!
" Ahala -ae, m., C. Servilius, the master of the
horse under the dictator Cincinnatus, B.C. 430,
who slew- Sp. Maelius.
Aharna -ae, f. a town in Etruria, now Bar-
giano.
Ahenobarbus, v. Doraitius.
ai (<u), ah ! an interjection of grief, Ov.
Alax -acis, m. (Aias), the name of two Homeric
heroes: 1, Aiax Telamonius, son of Telamon,
Icing of Salamis, who committed suicide because
lie failed in the contest with Ulysses for the arms
of Achilles ; 2, Aiax Oileus, king of the Locri.
aiens -entis (partic. of aio), affii-malive, Cic.
aio, defective verb. I. to say yes, to affirm
(opp. nego), Plaut. II. to say, to assert, to state,
Cic. ; ut aiunt, as the people say, Cic. ; quid ais?
what is your opinion? Ter. ; ain', ais-ne, do you
really mean it ? is it possible"? Cic.
Aius Loquens or Aius Locutius, m.
(aio and loquor), the speaker saying, i.e. the voice
which is said to have warned the Romans of the
coming of the Gauls, afterwards honoured as a
god in a temple erected to it, Cic.
ala -ae, f. (for ag-la, from ago). I. a wing;
of birds, galli plausu premunt alas, Cic. ; of
gods, hie paribus nitens Cyllenitis alis constitit,
Verg. ; poet., of the oars of a ship, classis cen-
tenis rciniget alis, Prop. ; or the sails, velorum
pandimus alas, Verg. ; and to express anything
swift, fulminis ocior alis, Verg. ; used of death,
Hor. ; of sleep, Tib. II, Transf, A. the shoulders
and armpits of a man; sub ala fasciculum port-
are librorum, Hor. B. Milit. t. t., the cavalry
(originally disposed on both sides of the legions
like wings); a squadron (generally composed of
allied troops), Cic.
Alabanda -ae, f., and -orum, n. (i\ and to.
'AKdpavSa), a town in Caria, near the Maeander,
famous for its wealth and luxury, founded by
Alabandus, son of Eurippus and Callirrhoe ;
lience, 1, Alabandensis -e, belonging to Ala-
banda; 2, Alabandeus -eos, m. born at Ala-
banda. Plur. Gr. nom., Alabandis (AKa-
Pav&els), the inhabitants of Alabanda, Cic.
Alabarch.es (Arabarches) -ae, m. ('AAo-
P<ipX>)s), a magistrate of Arabia, a tax-gatherer, a
nickname applied to Pompey, who largely increased
the revenue by his Eastern conquests, Cic.
alabaster -stri, m., and alabastrum -i,
n. (aAd/Saorpos and -ov), 1, a pear-shaped per-
fume casket, Cic. ; 2, a rose-bud, Plin.
filacer -oris -ere and (rarely) alacris -c,
adj. with compar. I. Gen., excited; multos
alacres exspeetare quid statuetm-, Cic. II.
quick, cheerful, lively; a, of men, Catilina alacer
atquc laetus, Cic. ; with ad and the gerund, ad
bulla suscipieuda Gallorum alacer et prompfus
est animus, Caes. ; voluptas, Verg. ; b, of ani-
mals, equus, Cic.
alacritas -atis, f. (alacer), quickness, brisk-
■ ness, eagerness, alacrity; 1, of men, quae alacritas
civitatis fuit? Cic. ; with genit., reipublicae de-
fendendac, Cic. ; ad and gerund, mira alacritate
ad litigandum, Cic. ; 2, of animals, canuin tanta
alacritas jn yenando, (% . - -^
Alamanni (Alamani, Algmanni) -orum, in.
name of a German confederacy between the Danube
and the llhine.
Alani -Orum, m. a Scythian race, originally
from the Caucasus.
alapa -ae, f. a box on the ear, Juv. ; given by
a master to his slave on the manumission of the
slave ; hence, multo majoris alapae mecum ve-
neunt, I sell freedom at a much higher price,
Phaedr.
alarms -a -um, and alaris -c (ala), belong-
ing to the wings of aji army ; equites, Liv. ; co-
hortes, Cic. ; hence alarii, allied troops, Caes.
See ala II. B.
alatus -a -um (ala), winged, Verg.
alauda -ae, f. (a Keltic word), alark. I. Lit.,
Plin. II. Transf., the name of a legion formed by
Caesar in Gaul, Suet. ; hence, the soldiers of the
legion; Alaudae, Cic.
alazon -onis, m. (AMfav), a braggart, boaster,
Plaut.
Alba -ae, f. (connected with albus, aA<£os,
alp, a high mountain). A. Alba Longa, the
oldest Latin town, according to the legend built
by Ascanius on a ridge of the Mons Albanus,
the mother city of Home, said to have been
destroyed by Tullus Hostilius ; hence, a, Al-
banus -a -um, Alban ; mons, o holy mountain
of the Latins (now Monte Cava); lacus, the lake at
the foot of mons Albanus (now Lago di Albano);
municipium, a later town, not far from the sitcyf
Alba Longa; Albanum -i, n. (sc. praedium),
name of the villa of l'onqyeius, and afterwards of
Nero and Domitian; b, Albenses pbpirii, Vie
people of L.atium, who Kept the feriae Latinae.
B. Alba Fucentis or Albensiuiru, Alba, a town of
fheMaxsi, afterwards a Roman colony, in Sam-
ninm ; hence Albensis -e, belonging to Alba F.
1. Albani, sc. Alba.
2. Albani -orum, m. the Albanians, inhabit-
ants of Albania ; hence, a, Albania -ae, f. a
country on the west of the Caspian sea {nowDaghe-
stan); b, Albanus -a -um, Albanian.
albatus -a -um (albus), clothed in white,
Cic.
albeo, 2. (albus), to be white; membra in cum
pallorem albentia ut, etc., Tac. ; albente coclo,
at daybreak, Caes.
albesco, 3. (albeo), to become white; albescens
capillus, Hor. ; lux albescit, day dawjis, Verg.
albiceratus -a -um, or albiceris -e, or
albicerus -a -um, whitish yellow, Plin.
albico, 1. (albus), 1, to make white, Vair. ; 2,
to be white ; prata canis albicant pruiuis, Hor.
albidus -a -um (albus), whitish, Ov.
Albinovanus-i,m. I. C. PedoAlbinovauus,
an epic poet, contemporary and friend of Ovid.
II. Celsus Albinovanus, a secretary in Vie retinue
of Tiberius, to whom Horace addressed one of his
Epistles.
Albums -i, m. the name of a family of the
Gens Fostumia. Aulus Postumius Albinus, con-
sid 151 B.C., writer of a Roman history in Greek.
Albion -onis, f. (from alb, i.e. high), the
"high" country, oki name of Britain, from its
cliffs, Plin.
Albis -is, m. the Elbe, Tac.
albitiido -inis, f. (albus), whiteness, Plaut.
AlblUS -li, m. name of a Soman gens; 1,
Albius Tibullus, the celebrated Roman elegiac
poet; 2, Statius Albius Oppianious, of Jxiter-
nium, whom Clucntius was accused of murdering;
honce adj., AlbJcVnu.8. -a -lira, relating (o 41'
Mhs, ■
alb
28
Ale
albSr -oris, m. (albus), the white of an egg,
Pita.
albulus -a -urn (dim. of allms), whitish;
Columbus, Cat.: freta, foaming, Mart.; hence
as proper name, I. Albula-ae, f. (se. aqua), old
im*m of the 'liber; Buviua Albiil.i quem nunc
Tiberim vocant, Liv. II. Albula -ae, m. ami
f., or Albulae aquae, or Albulae -arum, f.
medici)ial springs near Tiber (Tivoli), now SoU
fatara di Tivoli, or Acqua Zolfa.
album -i, n., v. albus.
Albunca -ae, f. a prophetic nymph to whom
dedicated afountavi and grotto at Tibur.
Alburnus -i, m. fi high mountain of T.u-
cania, near Paestum (now Monte di 1'ostiglione).
albus -a -um (root ALB, connected with
<lA'i)d?), white, dead white (opp. candidus=ff2i«er-
ing white). I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, white; eoui
Liv. ; nnper in banc urbem pedibus qui venen
albis, slaves who came to Rome with, feet chalked
to show they were for sale, Juv. ; prow, alba
avis, a white binl, a rarity, Cic. ; albis dentibus
deridere, to laugh so as to show the teeth, i.e.
heartily, Plaut. ; Alios albae galliuae, a lucky
fellow, Juv. ; albis equis praecurrere, to siirpass
greatly (referring to the triumphing general whose
car was driven by a white horse), Hor. ; 2,
grey ; barbs, Plaut. B. Esp., 1, pale ; albus ora
pallor in'icit, Hor. ; 2, bright ; admisso Lucifer
albus equo, Ov. ; so making bright; notus, Hor. ;
and tig., fortunate; Stella, Hor. II. Subst,
album -i, n. A. white colour; alba discernere et
atra nun posse, Cic; esp., 1, white paint or
cement; columnas albo polire, Liv. ; 2, a white
... .' In the eye, Col. ; 3, album oculi, the white of
the eye, Cels. ; 4, album ovi, the white of an egg,
Cela. B. a white tablet, esp., 1, the tablet on
which the pontifex maximus at A'omc pubildicd the
events of the year, Cic. ; 2, album (practoris), the
tablet on which, the praetor published his -edict;
3, album senatoiium, the list of semtors, Tac ;
album judicum, the jury-list, Suet.
Alcaous -i, m. fAAxaio?), a Greet; lyric poet
ofMytilene, flourishing about 610-60:; h.c. ; hence
Alc&icus -a -um, metrum, a metre named after
him.
Alcamenes -is, m. ('AAKOfieVr;?), a sculpto
scholar of Phidias,
Alcathoo -e.s, f. CAAica9o>j), a. mountain in
Megara v anted after Alcathous, poet, for the
whole district of Megaris, Ov.
Alcathous -i, m. ('.YAwoeoo;), sou of Pelops,
rebnilder of Megara after it h<ul been destroyedby
the Cretans; hence urbs Alcathoi, Megara, Ov.
Alee -es, f. OAAkij), town of the Carpetani in
HUpania Tarracoiunsis.
alcedo -Inis, f. (=alcyo2i, <iA»cvwi<), the king-
fisher, Tlaut. ; hence alcedonia -5rum, n. (sc.
ttmpora). I. the fourteen days of winter,
during which the kingfisher is hatching its <<j<j<,
and the sea IMU believed to be cedm. II. Traiisf.,
quietness, adm, Plaut.
alces -is, f. the elk, Caes.
AlcestlS -tldis, f. am' Alceste -es f. CAAktjo-
th or 'AAK7J<rTri), wife of Admelus, king of Phci ae,
whose life she was said to have saved by dying for
him, sent back to life by Proserpina, or, as in
another legend, rescued from Hades by Hercules.
Alceus -ei and -6o8, in. CAAk«u?), son of Per-
seus, father of Amphitryon, grandfather of Her-
c»lr< ; hence AlcidcB -ae, m. o descendant of
Aliens, Hercules, V'crg.
Alcibiadcs -is, m. (' AA«ei/9iaSi;f)- I. an
Athenian, son nf denies, cousin of Pericles, pvpil
of Socri't**. II, a Lacedaemonian living at the
lime of the tear of the Romans with the Achaeane,
Alcldamas -amis, m. ('AAi«Sa/u.as), a Greek
rhetorician of Elaca in Acolis, pupil of Gorgias.
Alcimcdc -es, f. ('AAKi/xe'Sr;), daughter o)
Autolysis, wife of Aeson, mother of Jason.
Alcinous -i, in. ('AAkiVoo?), king of the Phaea-
cians, the host of Odysseus, noted for his gardens
and orchards, hence poma dare Alcinoo, to
can-y coals to Newcastle, Ov. ; Alcinoi sylvae,
orchards, Verg. ; juventus, luxurious young men,
Hor.
Alcmaeo and Alcmaeon, lengthened to
Alcumaeo (Alcumco, Alcimeo) -6nis, in., and
AlcumeilS -i, m. (AA/c^ai'ior). I. son of Am-
phiarausand Eriphyle, who murdered his mother
at the wish of his father and with the approval
of the oracle, and was afterwards driven mad ;
hence adj., Alcmaeonius -a -um. II. a
Greek philosopher and physician of Crotona, pupiZ
/ Pythagoras.
Alcman -auis, m, ('AXk^clv), an old Greek poet
of Sardis, in Lydia (circ. (370-1540 B.C.).
Alcmena -ae, f., and Alcmene -es, f,
lengthened to Alcumena -ae, f. CAXK^rjvn),
wife of the Theban Amphitryon and mother of
Hercules by Jujiiter.
Alco and Alcon -onis, in. CAAkuji). I. a son
of Atreus, Cic. II. a sculptor of Sicily, Ov.
III. a shepherd, Verg. IV. a slave's name, Hor.
V. a Sagunline, Liv.
alcyon, alcyonia=alcedo, alcedonia (q.v.).
Alcyone -es, f. ('AAKurfiij), daughter of
Aeolus, who jumped into the sea on seeing her hus-
band, Ceyx, drowned, and was changed with her
husband into a kingfisher.
(ilea -ae, f. 1, a game with die, hazard I
luderc alea, Cic. : aleam cxercere, Tac. ; do alea
condeiunatus (dice-playing being forbidden at
Home by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia,
except during the Saturnalia), Cic. ; 2, Transf.,
chance, risk, uncertainty ; rem in aleam dare,
to risk, Liv.; subire, Cic; in dubiam imperii
servitiique aleam ire, Liv.
ale at or -oris, in. (alea), a dicer, hazard-
player, Cic.
aleatorius -a -um (aleator), relating to a
Jcrr; damns, losses at play, Cic.
alec (alloc) -ecis, n. a sauce prepared from
fish, Hor., Plin.
Alecto (Allecto), ace. -o, f. ('AAjjktco, or
'AAAjjictiu), one of the three furies. (Only found
in noni. and ace.) *
ales, alltls (gen. pi. alituum, Verg.) (ala).
I. Adj., winged. A. Lit., winged ; Pegasus, Ov. ;
dcus, Mercury, Ov. ; puer, Cupid, Hoi-. B.
Transf., swift, quick ; auster, Verg. ; passu alite,
Ov. II. Subst, f. bird' (in. only in poetry),
mostly of large birds; regia, the eagle, Ov. ;
Phoebeius, the raven, Ov. ; Daulias, the night in-
g<de, Ov. ; Junonia, the pcucock, Ov. ; imitatrix,
rara, the parrot, Ov. ; sacer, the hawk, Verg.;
cri.status, the cock, Ov. ; Palladis, the owl, Ov. ;
Caystrius, the swan, Ov. ; ales Maeonii carmiiiis,
a poet of Homeric strain, Hor. In augury, birds
whose flight was examined (while oscines =
birds whose note was observed), Cic. ; hence,
poet., « sign, an omen ; so bona or seennda alite,
with favourable omen, Hor.
alosco. 3. (alo), to grow up, Lucr.
Alesia -ae, f. town of the Mundtibii in Gallia
Lugdunensis, now St. Peine d'Alise.
Alesus, v. Halesus.
Aletrium (Alatrlum) -ii, n. am old town of
th' llernici in Lotium, afterwards a Roman
colony _ and iminicipium. now Alalri; hence
/Uettjnas -at is, relating toAlelrtvxn
Ale 20
Alevas -ae, in. ('A\eva<;),afoscenttanl of Her-
tides who ruled in Larissa.
Alexander -ili'i,in.('AA.;fai'(Spos). I.Mythol.,
Paris, son of Priam, king of Troy. II. Hist.,
1, Alexander of I'herae, tyrant in 1'hessaly from
370-307 B.C. ; 2, Alexander, son of Neoptolemus,
prince of the Molossi, uncle of Alexander the
Great; 3, Alexander the Great (b. 350, d. 323
b.o.), king of Macedonia, who. conquered the Per-
sians and extended the Macedonian empire to Die
Indus; hence A. Alexandria or -ea -ae,
f. (A\e$di>Speia), name of several cities founded
by Alexander, the most famous of which Was the
Egyptian city, at tlie Canopic mouth of the Nile,
capital of the kingdom of the Ptolemies. B.
Alexandreus -a -urn. C. Alexandrinus
-a -urn, belonging to Alexandria.
alga -ae, f. 1, sea-weed, Hor. ; used for a
thing of little worth; vilior alga, Hor. ; 2, the
sea-coast, Juv.
algens -tis(partic. of algeo), cold, cool, Plin.
algeo, Mai, 2. to be cold, Jnv. ; transf., pro-
bites laudatur et alget, i.e. is neglected.
algesco, alsi, 3. (inch, of algeo), to become
cold, Ter.
1. algldus -a -nm (algeo), cold, Cat.
2. Ale, dus -i> "I- (sc. mons), a range of
■mountains in Latiurn, from Tusculum toPraeneste
(now Monte Compatri) ; hence, a. Algid um -i,
n. a town of the Aequi on one of the mountains in
this range ; b, Algldus -a -um, belonging to
Algidus.
algor -oris, m. (algeo). I. the sensation of
cold, Sail. II. that which muses cold, frost, Lucr.
algOSUS -a-um (alga), abounding in sea-weed,
Plin.
algus -us, m. = algor (q.v.).
alia, adv. (alius), sc. via, by another way, Li v.
alias (so. vices), adv. I. at another time,
Cic. ; alias . . . alias, at one time . . . at another
time, Cic. ; alius alias, one person at one time,
another at another, Cic. II. Transf., 1, else-
where, Cic. ; 2, non alias quani, on no other con-
dition than, Tac. ; non alias nisi, not otherwise
than, as if, Tac.
alibi, adv. (alius), 1, elsewhere, at another
place, Cic. ; alibi . . . alibi, here . . . there, Liv. ;
alibi alius, one here, the otlier there, Liv. ; alibi
atque alibi, noiv here, now there, Plin. ; 2, in
other respects, Liv.
alioa (halica) -ae f. 1, spelt, a kind of grain,
Plin. ; 2, a drink prepared from spelt, Mart.
alicarius (h&licarius) -a -um, belonging to
spelt. Subst., a t alicarius -ii, m. one who
grinds spelt; b, alicaria -ae, f. a prostitute;
otie who sat before the spelt-mills, Plaut.
ali'cubl, adv. (aliquis and ubi), anywhere,
somewhere, Cic.
ali
alicula -ae, f. (<z\Ai|), a light upper garment,
Mart.
alicunde, adv. (aliquis and unde), from any-
where, from somevihere, Cic.
alienatio -onis, f. (alieno). I. Active, a
transference or alienation of property ; sacrorum,
transfer of Vie sacra gentilicia from one gens to
'another, Cic. II. Middle, 1, mentis, mental
alienation, loss of reason, Plin. ; 2. a separation,
between persons, a desertion, enmity, alienation
of feeling; tua a me alienatio, Cic.
allenigena -ae, m. (alienus and gigno),
ttrange, foreign ; hostis, Cic. Subst. , a foreigner;
quid alienigenae de vobis loqui soleant, Cic
alienlgonus -a -um (alienus and geno s
gigno), of different elements, heterogeneous, Lucr.
alieno, 1. (alienus), to make something an~
other's. I. Lit., A. to take away; USDS friictus
Jam inihi haruiu aedium alienatus est, Plaut,
B. 1, legal term, to transfer property ; vectl-
galia, Cic. ; 2, to sell a child or slave to a new
family, Liv. ; 3 t alicuius menteni, to cause a
person to lose his reason; Junonis iraui oh
spoliatuin templum alienasse menteni ferebant,
Liv. ; oftener in pass., alienari, to go out of one's
mind; niente alienata, Caes. ; velut alienatis
sensilms, Plin. II. Transf., A. to remore
from the mind, to banish; alienatis a memoria
periculi anilllis, having forgotten danger, Liv.
B. to estrange, put at variance; oinnes a se
bonos, Cic. ; with dat., alienati Romanis, Liv. ;
alienari ab inteiitu, to have a repugnance to, to
shun, Cic.
alienus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
superl. (alius), that which belongs or relates to
another (opp. mens, tuns, suiis, pioprius). I,
Lit., A. Gen., domus, Cic. ; aes, debt, Cic. ; nom-
ina, debts contracted in- the names of others, Sail. ;
alienis niensibus aestas, the winter montlis, Verg. ;
alieno vulnerc, a wound meant for another, Verg.
Subst., alienum -i, n. another man's property,
Cic. B. 1, not related (opp. propinquus) ; with
dat, non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv. ; with a
and the abl., alienissinius a Clodio, Cic. ; 2,
foreign; domi atque in patria malleni, quani
in externis atque alienis locis, Cic. Subst.,
alienus -i, m. a, a stranger, cives potlorea
quani peregrini, propinqui quani alieui ; b, a
foreigner, Plin. II. Transf., A. Of persons, 1,
not at home in, not acquainted with, strange to;
in physicis totus alienus est, Cic. ; 2. estranged,
unfriendly ; with ab and the abl., ab tiliquo or
ab aliqua re, Cic. ; with dat., homo inihi alien-
issinius, Cic. B. Of things, unfavourable;
alieno loco proclaim committere, in a disad-
vantageous place, Caes. ; aliena verba, unsuit-
able, Cic. ; non alienum est. followed by the
infill., it is not out of plac* to,etc„ Cic. ; aliena
loqui, to talk nonsense, Ov. ; with aband the abl.,
labor alienus nonab aetata solum nostra, veruni
etiam a dignitate, Cic ; with simple abl., dig-
nitate imperii, Cic. ; with dat., quod maxime
huic causae est alienum, Cic. ; with genit, aliena
firmae et constantis assensionis, Cic. ; with ad
and the ace, ad coinmittendum proelium tempus
alienum, Cic
aliger.-gera -gerum (ala and gero), winged;
amor, Verg.
alimentarlus -a -um, relating to food; lex,
with regard to a distribution of bread among the
poor, ap. Cic.
alimentum -i, n. (alo), 1, food (gen. used in
the plural) ; alhnenta corporis, Cic. alimenta
arcu expedire, to get food by the bow, Tac. ; used
of fire, ignis, Liv. ; transf., seditionis, Tac. ; 2,
maintenance, hence (like Gr. Tpo<f>e?a), the return
due by children to their parents for Vieir bring-
ing up, Cic.
alimonium -ii, n. (alo), nourishment, Tac.
alio, adv. (alius), to another place. I. Lit,
si otfendet me loci celebritas, alio me conferain,
Cic. ; alius alio, one in this direction, the oilier
in that, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to another person;
quo alio nisi ad nos socios confugerent, Liv. ; 2.
for anotlier end; nusquam alio natus quam au
serviendum, born only for slavery, Liv. ; 3, to
another object; si placet sermonem alio trans-
ferenms, to another topic, Cic
ftlioqui (alloquTn), adv. (alius and quo! or
qui, alius and quoine or quine). I. 1, otlier-
wise, in other respects, introducing an exception ;
nunc pudore a fuga contineri, alioquin pro victis
haberl, Liv.; 2, concessive, triumphatuin de
Tilmrtibus, alioquin mitis victoria fuit, Liv. XL
\
ail i
ytt, besides, vwreover, else, in general ; Caesar
>..,i. Ins alioqttln spernendla honorlbus, Tac.
ftltorsum .'I'i'l allorsus, adv. (contr. from
blinvorsltiii (alioveranm) and allovorsus (nlioYcr-
si:-), 1, in vnvther direction, elsewhere; mater
aneillas Juliet aliani aliorsum ire, in different
directions, Plant. ; 2, in another manner, Ter.
alfpes -pedis (aia and pes), 1, having wings
on the feet; dens, or absol., Mercury, Ov. ; 2,
swift of font ; equi, Verg. Subst., alipedes,
horses, Verg.
Aliphera -ae, f. ('A.\^J>>jpa or 'AXtyupa), a
town of Arcadia not far from the border of Elis.
alipta -ae, m., and aliptcs -ae, m. (dXciV-
ti)?), the anointer in the wrestling-school or the
l<tths; hence the master of the wrestling school,
Cic.
iiliqua (aliquis), adv. I. by some road; evol-
are, tic. II. in some imy ; uocere, Verg.
allquamdiu, adv. (aliqni and diu), for a
inotlenttely long time, Cic.
aliquammultus or aliquam (sc. par-
tem) multus -a -urn (aliqui and mnltiis), con-
tiderable in number or quantity, a jyretly good
wany ; vestrum aliquam nmlti, Cic.
aliquando, adv. (aliquis). I. 1, at any
time, ut some time, ones; sero, verum aliquando
tanion, Cic. ; si forte aliquando, if by clianceever,
Cic.; 2, once; dicendum aliquando est, Cic.;
3 sometimes, occasionally; scribe aliquando
o<l nos quid agas, Cic. II. at times, on some
in ; aliquando . . . aliquando, at times
. . . at timet, Cic.
aliquantillus -a -nm (dim. of aliquantus),
v it , i I, (tic. Plant.
aliquantispor, adv. (aliquantus and per),
ierately long time, Plant.
aliquanto, aliquantum, v. aliquantus.
aliquantillus -a -um (dim. of aliquantus),
little, small. Adv., aliquantulum, a little, Cic.
Aliquantus -a -um (alius and quantus),
vimlrmte, not small; timor aliquantus, spea
amplior, Sail. Subst., aliquantum -i, n. a
g,,,*l deal • nuinmomni, Cic. ; temporis, Liv.; ace.
aliquantum and abl. aliquanto, considerably,
* mewhat ; qui processlt aliquantum advirtutis
aditnm, haa made considerable progress towards,
< lie. ; epulamur intra legem et quidem aliquando,
r -t sparingly, Cic. ; esp. with comparative, ali-
• i n;tii t ■ > majorem locum oceuparis, Cic. ; ali-
post ur ante, some thne after or before,
Cic.
aliquatcnus, adv. (sc. parte; from aliquis
and tonus), to a certain degree, in some measure,
Ben.
aliqui, aliquae. allquod (alius and qui), some,
any; 1, mosc, dolor aliqui, Cic; aliqui ex
. Cae'g, ; 2, fern., aliquae res, Lucr. j 3,
nent., simulacrum uliquod, Cic. (For other
cases see aliquis.)
aliquis, aliqua, allquid, pron. indef. (alius-
quis), some one, something, any one, anything. I.
Gen., 1, used by Itself, a, subst., qnisquia est
ille, si modo aliquis, if he be any one at all, Cic. ;
b, adj., aliquis dens, Cic; aliqnS republics, if
only the state is in existence at all, Cic. ; 2,
strengthened by alius, allquid aliud videbimna,
Cic. ; 3, by nuns, aliquis unus plnresvc divi-
tiores, Cic. ; 4, partitive with ex, aliquis ex
vobis, Cic. ; 5, like the Gr. n; (Engl, some), to
express an unascertained number, trea aliqni ant
quatnor, Cic. ; 0, allquid with gom't. of a subst,
or ailj., allquid virium, Cic. ; falsi nllqiltd, Cic. ;
7, with ailj., ali(|uiil dlvinum, Cic. ; 8, with si
or nisi, ace. aliquid, in any respect; m in me
) all
aliquid offendistis, Cic. II. Esp., 1, seme per-
son or other ; dixcrit hie aliquis, Cat. ; 2, some-
body or something great or significant; si jnnio
aliquid assequi so putant, Cic. ; hence, a, esse
aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody, to be some-
thing, Cic. ; est aliquid nupsisse Jovi, Ov. ; b,
dicere aliquid, to say something weighty, Cic. ;
Vestorio aliquid significes, say something agree-
able, Cic.
aliquo, ail v. (aliquis), some or any whither;
aliquem secum rus aliquo educere, in some direc-
tion or other, Cic. ; aliquo concedere ab eoruin
oculis, Cic
aliquot, numer. indef. indecl., some, several ;
aliquot epistolae, Cic. ; aliquot diebus ante, Cic.
aliquoties, adv. (aliquot), several times;
aliquoties ex aliquo audisse, Cic.
alls, alid, old form of alius, aliud.
alitor, adv. (from alis = alius), 1, otherwise,
in another way ; uon fuit faciendum aliter, Cic. ;
alius aliter, in different ways, Cic. ; in compari-
sons, aliter. . . atque, aliter rein cecidisse atque
opinatus sis, in a different way from what you ex-
pected, Cic. ; so alitor . . . quam, Cic. ; alitor. . .
atque lit, Cic. ; non (or hand) alitor . . . quam
si, quam quum, ac si, just as, Ov. ; non alitor
. . . nisi, Cic. ; quod certe sciolonge aliter esse,
is far from being the case, Cic. ; aliter evenire,
to happen differently, Sail. ; 2, otherwise, else ;
jus semper est quaesitum aequabile ncque enim
alitor jus esset, Cic.
aliubi, adv. (alius and ubi), elsewhere, Plin.
aliunde, adv. (alius and undo), from some
other direction; alii aliunde coibant, from dif-
ferent directions, Liv. ; aliunde quam, from a
different direction from, Cic. ; aliunde . . . ali-
unde, Liv.
alius -a -ml (genit. alius), another, other. I.
Lit., A. Gen., 1, distributively, one, another;
aliud est maledicerc, aliud accusare, Cie. ; alii
. . . alii, some . . . others, Cic. ; also, alii . . .
reliqui, Cic. ; alii . . . quidam, Liv. ; alii . . .
pars, Sail, ; alii . . . alii quidam, Cic. ; aliud
alio melius, one is better tlian the. oilier, Cic. ; alius
alia via, the one in this way, the other in that,
Liv. ; alius ex alio, Cic. ; super alium, Liv. ;
postalium, one after another, Sail. ; alius atque
alius, now this, now that, Cie. ; 2 } followed by ac,
atque, et, after a negative by nisi, quam, praetor,
or the abl.; t x longe alia estsolis et lychnoruni,
there isa great difference between the light of the
snn and of (amps, Cic. ; alius essoin atque nunc
sum, Cic. ; nee quidquam aliud philosophia est
praetor studium sapientiae, Cic. ; nee quidquam
aliud libertate quaesisse, anything else but liberty,
Cie. ; tribunatus Scstii nihil aliud nisi meum
nomen causamque sustinuit, Cic. ; 3, plur.,
alia, subst., si alia desint, Liv. ; ace. plur.,
alia, in other respects ; alia clarus, Tac; 4, aliud,
subst. with genit., aliud coiinnodi, Cic. B. Esp.,
1 ? of auguries, alio die, si unus augur alio die
dixerit, if an augur pronounces the word "on
another day," i.e. postpones the comitia on the
a round of unfavourable omens, Cic. ; 2, of another
■lature, different ; alium faeere, to change, trans-
form, Plant. ; alium fieri, to be transformed, Cic. ;
in alia omnia ire, discedere, transire, to dissent
from, a proposition, be of a contrary opinion (in
the Roman senate), Cie. II. Transf., 1, the rest;
I)i\1tiaeo ex aliis (Gallis) maximam fldem habe-
1 ..it , Caes. ; 2, = alter, one of two; alius Ario-
vistua, a second Ariovistus, Tac. ; duo Roman!
super alium alius corruerunt, Liv.
aliusmodi (alius and modus), of another
kind, Cie.
allabor -lapsus, 3. to glide to, come to, flow
to; angues duo ex occulto allapsi, Liv. ; with
all
Si
alo
dat. ami ace, antiquis allabimur oris, we land
vn, Verg. ; lama allabitur aures, Verg.
allabovo (ad-laboro), 1. to labour at, Hoi'.
allacrYmo (ad-lacrimo), 1. to weep at, Verg.
allapsus -us, in. (allabor), a gliding ap-
proach, II or.
allatro (ad-l.uro), 1. to hark at; fig., to rail
at; magnitudinem Africani, Liv.
aHaudabilis(ad-laiulabilis)-e,j?raiseiiior//ii/,
Lucr.
allaudo, 1. to praise, Plant.
allec, v. alec.
allecto (allicio), 1. to entice, Cic.
allectus -a -urn (partic. of 2. allcgo), plur.,
members elected into any collegium, Varr. ; under
the empire, persons raised by the emperor to a
higher rank, Plin.
allegatio -onis, f. (1. allego), re sending of a
person on, a mission; quum sibi omnes ad iatum
allegationcs ditftciles viderent, Cic.
allegatus, abl. -u, m. (1. allcgo), instiga-
tion, Plant.
1. allego (ad-lego), 1. I. A. to send on private
business, to commission (lego of state business) ;
aliqucm ad aliqucm or alicui, Cic. ; patrem allo-
gandofatigare,6j/send£?ij messages, Cic. ; allcgati,
deputies, Cic. B. to instigate, to suborn, Ter.
II. Transf., to adduce or allege in excuse; nmneia,
preces, mandata regis sui Scyrotheinidiallegant,
Tac.
2. allego (ad-lego) -legi -lectum, 3. to choose,
to elect ; de plebe omnes, Liv. ; with in and the
ace, aliquem in senatuin, Suet.
allevamentum -i, n. (allevo), a means of
alleviation, Cic.
allevatio -onis, f. A. Lit., a lifting tip,
Quint. B. Transf., alleviation; doloris, Cic.
allevo (ad-levo), I. A. Lit, to lift -up, to
erect; circumstantium humeris, Tac. B. Transf.,
toligliten, to alleviate; sollicitudines, Cic; pass.,
allevari, to be cheered; allevor, quum loquor
tecum absens, Cic.
Allia (Alia) -ae, f. river in Latium,. flawing
into the Tiber, near which the Romans were de-
feated by the Gauls, b.o. 389; infaustum Alliae
nomen, Verg. Adj., Alliensis -c.
alllccfacio, 3. to entice, Sen.
allicio -lexi -tectum, 8 (ad and *laeio), to al-
lure, entice, draw to oneself; ad so alliccre etattra-
here ferritin (of the magnet), Cic. ; tig., oratione
benigna multitudinis animos ad beuevolentiani,
Cic.
allido -lisi -lisum, 3. (ad and laedo). A. Lit.,
to strike against, dash against ; allidi ad scopulos,
Caes. B. Transf., allidi, to suffer danuige ; in
quibus (damnationibus) Servius allisus est, Cic.
Allifae -arum, f. a town of the Samnites on
the left bank of the Vulturmis, now Alife in tho
Terra di Lavoru ; hence Allifanus -a -urn,
■relating to Allifae. Subst, Alllfana -Oram,
n. (sc. pocula), earthenware drinking-vesscls of
some si:e, Hor.
alllgo (ad-llgo), 1. to tie to, bind to. I. Lit.,
A. Gen., aliquem ad palum, bind a criminal to
the stake for punishment, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
{o make fast; unco dente velut maim ferrca iu-
jecta alligavit alterius proram, Liv. ; unco nou
alligat (naves) ancora morsu, Verg. ; 2, to bind
by a fastening, a, of a wound, vulnus, Cic. ; b,
of fetters, Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen., to fetter,
bind; videas civitatis voluntatem solutani, vjr-
tutem alligatam, Cic. ; tristi palus inainabilis
anda alligat, confines, imprisons, Verg. B. Esp.,
1, to bind by friendship or obligations ; lion inodo
beneficio sed etiam benevolentia alligari, Olc. i
2, in rhet., of tho constraints of metre, ut verba
neque alligata sint quasi ccrttt lege versus, Cic. ;
3, to bind by promise, oath, etc. ; lex omnes
mortales alligat, Cic. ; sacris alligari, to pledge
oneself t<> perform the sacra gentilicia, Cic. ; alll-
garo sc scclerc, to become an accomplice in a
crime, Cic. ; alligatus, implicated or involved in
a crime, Cic.
allino (ad-lino) -levi -litum, 3. to smear on, or
over, to bedaub, Cic.
allium -i, n. garlic, Plin.
Allobroges -urn, m. the Allobrogcs, a Gallic
2>eo2)le between the Rhone and the I sere, ; noin.
sing., Allobrox, Hor. ; Ciceronein Allobroga
(Le. speaking bad Latin) dixit, Juv. Adj.,
Allobrogicus -a -tun, as a surname of Q.
Fabius Maximus, conqueror of the Allobrogcs.
allocutio -onis, f. (alloquor), an address, a
speaking to, Plin.
alloquium -i, n. (alloquor), exhortation, en-
couragement, consolation; benigni voltils et allo-
quia, Liv. ; alloquio firmare militeni, Tac.
alloquor -lucut.us sum, 3. to address, exhort,
encourage, Cic. ; aliqucm benigne, leniter, Liv.;
patriam lnacsta voce ita lniscritcr, Cat.
alliibesco, 3. inch, (ad and lubet), to begin
to please, Plant.
allucco -luxi, 2. to shine at, or upon; Fortuna
faculain tibi allucet, offers thee a favourable op-
portunity, Plant.
alludo (ad-ludo) -lusi -lusum, .3. 1, to jest
at, to sport with ; Galba alludens varie etcopiosc,
Cic; 2, of waves, to play or dash upon; alia-
dentibus undis, Ov. ; quae fluctus salis allude-
bant, Cat."
alluo (ad-luo) -tii, 3. to wash; used of the sea,
alluuntur a mari nioenia, Cic. ; fig., Massilia
quum barbariae fluctibus alluatur, exposed to
barbarians, Cic
alluvlcs -ei, f. (alluo), a pool caused by the
overflow of a river, Liv.
alluvio -onis, f. (alluo), alluvial land, earth
deiwsited by water, Cic.
Almo -onis, m. a small brook on the south side
of Rome, now A quaiaccio.
almus -a -uin (alo), nourishing ; ager, Verg. ;
fair, gracious, propitious, kind; Venus, Hor.
alnus -i, f. the alder. I. Lit., Plin. II.
Meton., a ship of ulderwooil, Verg.
alo, illui, altum and aiituin, 3. to nourish,
support. I. Lit., A. Of living things, 1, to rear ;
altus cducatusque inter anna, Liv. ; 2, to keep;
ansercs in Capitolio, Cic. ; magnum nunierum
equitatus suo suniptu, Caes. ; se alere or ali,
with abl., or ex and the abl., to support oneself;
se suosnne latrociniis, to live by brigandage,
Caes. B. Of things, 1, of land, etc., to provide
means of existence; cum agellus eum non satis
alere t, Cic ; venatus viros pariter ac feminas
alit : Tac. ; 2, of tho earth, to nourish; tellus
huniida majores herbas alit, Verg. ; 3. to support;
a, plants, gramen erat circa quod proximus
humor alebat, Ov. ; b, of rivers, amnis indues
qucm super notas aluero ripas, have swollen,
Hor. ; idem (Libanus mons) amnem Joidaiwmi
alit funditque, Tac ; c, of fire, llammas, Ov. ; 4,
of tho means that support tho body, to give
strength to; otia corpus alunt, Ov. II. Transf.',
to increase, promote, advance; houos alit artes,
Cic. ; ho.ssuccossus alit, encourages, Verg. ; civi-
tatem, promote the good of the stale, Caes. : alere
spein mollibus sentcntiis, Cic.r" "
aloe -es, f. (aKpr)), the aloe; transf., bitter'
nets; plus aloes quam mellis liabet, Juy.
Alo
32
alu
Aloeus-Pi, m. CAAueu'?), a giant, son of Nep-
tune, Aloidac ■arum, m. tons of Alorus (Ottts
uuil Kphialtes), ijiaiits who trfftl to storm heaven.
Aloidae -arum, in. ('ASuei&ai), v. Aloeus.
Aldpe -es, f. ('AAdnij), a tou<n in Opuntian
l/terls.
Alpes -Tn in, f. (Keltic alb, alp = height, high
mountain), the Alps; hence A. Alpinus -a
•inn. B. AlpiCUS -a -inn, Alpine.
alpha, bidecl. n. (uA^a), the name of the first
letti i in the Greek alphabet, Juv. ; pro v., the first,
.Mart.
Alpheus -i, in. ('AA"J>e«A), the principal river
of the Peloponnesus jiowing through Klis to the
sea ; the river-god Alpheus was said to have
ilived under thu sea in pursuit of the nymph
Arethiisa, ami to havo come up in Sicily ; hence
Alpheias -;Vlis, f. surname of the nymph
Arethiisa. Adj., Alpheus -a -um, belonging
to the river Alpheus, Yerg.
Alsium -ii, n. one of the oldest towns in
Etrvrta (now the village Palo), near which
Ponipeitis had an estate ; hence adj., Alsl-
ensls -e, belonging to Alsium, villa (of Pompeius),
Cic. Subst, Alsicnsc -is, n. (sc. praedium),
the estate of Pompeius, Cic.
alsius (alsus) -a -nm, frosty, cold, Lucr., Cic.
altanus -i, m, a S.W. wind, Suet.
altaria -Iuin, n. (altus). I. the slab upon the
altar (ara), on which the fire is lighted, Quint.
II. a high altar; ecce duas tibi, Daphui, duas
altaria Phoebo, Yerg. ; an altar, Cic.
nlte, adv. (altus). I. on high, highly. A. Lit.,
cadere, from a height, Cic. B. Transf., speetare,
to have high aims, Vic. II. deeply. A. Lit., sulcus
altius impressus, Cic. B. Transf., quod verbuin
in Jugurthae pectus altius qnani quisquain
ratus erat descendit, Sail. ; petere, to seek far
and wide, Cic. ; altius perspicere, to see farther,
Cic.
alt£r -t?ra -terum (genit., alteYIus, in poetry
also altering; dat., altcri), one of two, the
ojk>, the other. I. Lit., A. Gen., consilium alter,
Liv. ; niter . . . alter, the one . . . the other;
so alter . . . ille or hie. or iste, or a subst. ; in
plur., alteri diinicant, alteri victorem timent,
Cic. ; with the second alter in n different case.
niter alterius ova frangit, Cic. B. F.sp., 1, alter
ambove, S. E. V., a form in the senate, one of the
consuls, or both, si eis videbitur, Cic. ; 2, the
second ; fortunate puer, tu nunc oris alter ab
lllo, you will be second to him, Verg. ; units et
alter dies, one or two, Cic. ; 3, used appellnt,
another, a second; me sicut alteram parcntem
diligit, a second iiarent, Cic. ; tainquam alter
idem, a second self, Cic. ; 4, the, other, i.e. the
opposite ; ripa, Caes. ; pars, the opposite faction,
Cic. ; qnoties te speculo videris alteram, changed,
Hor, II. Transf., another, in the sense of ynur
■neighbour, fellow creature; qui nihil alterius
causa facit, Cic.
altcrcatfo -onis, f. (altercor), 1, a, dispute,
virangllng, debate ; ma<'na non disceptatio niodo,
sed etiam altercatio, Liv. ; 2. lcgnl t. t., cross-
examination In a court of justice, Cic.
altorcator -oris, m . (altercor), a disputant,
Quint.
altercor, 1, dep. (alter), to dispute, contend in
words, quarrel. I. Gen., A. Lit, nltcrcnri cum
ftliquo, Caes. B. Transf., poet., nltercante
libidinibus pavore, contending with, Hor. II.
Legal t. t. to cross-examine, to cross-riueslion ; in
altercando invenlt parem neminem, Cic.
alterno, 1. (alternus). x. Trans., to do first
one thing, then another ; fldeni, make at one time
tredible, at another not, Ov. ; vices, Ov. II,
Intrans., A. Lit. to change; 5111 alternantM
magna vi proclia niiscent, changing sides, Verg;
B. Transf., to hesitate; haec alternanti potior
sententla visa est, Yerg.
alternus -a -um (alter). I. one after the
other, by turns, alternate, interchanging ; ser-
mones, dialogue, Ilor.; versions, in alternate song,
Verg. ; alteriii metus, mutual fear, Liv. ; alterno
pede terrain quatiiint, first -with one foot then with
another, Hor., altenia loqui cum aliquo, to hold
a conversation with, Hor. II., A. Of metre,
elegiac verse, where hexameter and pentameter
alternate ; pedes alternos esse oportebit, Cic.;
canero alterno carmine, Ov. B. Legal 1. 1., reji-
cere alterna consili.i or alternos judices (of
plaintiff and defendant), to challenge a number
of jurors, Cic.
alteriiter, alterutra (altera utra), alter-
utrum (alteram utrum); genit, alterutrins,
one of two, Cic.
Althaea -ae, f. ('A\9 a (a), wife of Oeneus,
king of Calydon, mother of Meleager.
alticinctus -a -um (altus and cingo), high
girt ; hence busy, Phaedr.
altilis -e (alo). A. Of domestic animals, fat-
tened, fed up; hence subst, altilis, f. (sc. avis),
a fowl, Hor. B. Transf., rich, Plant.
altisonus -a -um (alte and sono). I. sounding
from on high; Jnppitcr, Cic. II. Transf., high-
sounding, sublime; JIaronis altisoni carmina,
Juv.
altitonans -tis, thundering from on high,
Lucr.
altitude -Inis, f. (altus). I. height. A. Lit,
niontinm, Cic. B. Transf., sublimity ; orationis,
Cic. II. depth. A. Lit., fluminis, Caes. B.
Transf., altitudo animi, secrecy, reserve, Cic.
altiusculus -a -um (dim. of altius), a little
too higli, Suet.
altivolans -antis (altus and volo), flying
high, Lucr.
altor -oris, in. (alo), a nourishcr, a foster-
father; omnium rernm seminator et sator et
parens, ut ita dicam, atque educator et altor
est nnindus, Cic.
altrinsecus, adv. (alter and secus), on the
other side, Plaut.
altrix -Icis, f. (altor), a nurse, foster-mother ;
terra altrix nostra, Cic.
altrovorsum, adv. (alter and versus), on the
other side, Plaut.
altus a -um (ulo), I. high. A. Lit... Cic,
Caes. ; with pcc. of measure, signnni septem
pedes altum, Liv. Subst., altum -i, n. height ;
a, aeditlcia in altum edita, Tnc. ; b, esp., the
height of the heavens; ab alto, Vcrg. B. Transf.,
I. of position, altior dignitatis gradus, Cic. : 2,
or the voice, shrill; altiore voce, Quint. ; 3, of
gods and exalted persons, Apollo, Verg. ; Caesar,
Hor. ; Aeneas, high-born, Verg. ; 4, of speech, ele-
vated ; nimis nltam et exaggeratam (orationeni),
Cic; 5, of character or intellect, < lofty ; te
natura excelsum quendani et altum genuit, Cic. ;
vultus, a lofty fiiien, Hor.; 6, ancient; altior
memoria, Cic. ; aliquid ex alto petere, Verg.
II. deep. A, Lit., flumen, Caes. ; with ace of
measure, quinquaginta cubita altum mare,
Plin. Subst, altum -i, n. depth, esp. the deep
sea ; in portum ex alto provehi, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, of quiet, etc., deep; soninus nltus, Liv. ; 2,
deep-seated ; pavor, Taa. ; 3, secret ; si nltior istis
subprecibus venia ulla latet, Verg. ; 4, depth (at
mind); ex alto dissimulare, to dissimulate pro-
foundly, Ov.
alucinatlo-onis, f. (alucinor), hallucination!
delusion, Sen.
aid
33
ainb
alucinor, 1. dep. (connected with aAi/'w), to
wander in. mind, dream, to talk idly ; ego tamen
slispicor, hune, ut solet, alucinari, Cic.
alumna -ae, f., v. alumnus.
alumnus -a -urn (alo), a nursling, a foster-
son. I. Masc, A. Lit., child of a country, in-
habitant, Verg. ; Italia aluinnujn suum videret,
Cic; sutrinae tabernae, a cobblet, Tac.; legionum,
brought up in the camp, Tac. ; of animals, parvi
alumni, the young of the flock, Hor. B. Transf.,
pupil, disciple; Platonis, Cic. ; fig., ego, ut ita
dicani, pacis alumnus, Cic. II. A. Fein., foster-
child ; nostra haee alumna et. tna profecto filia,
Plant. ; aquae dulcis alumnae, frogs, Cic. poet.
B. Transf., bene constitutae civitatis quasi
alumna quaedam eloquentia, Cic. III. Neut.,
mmien alumnum, Ov.
Aluntium (Haluntluin) -Ii, n. ('AAouyTtoO,
a town on the north coast of Sicily, now Caronia.
Adj., Aluntmus -a -urn.
aluta, -ae, f. a kind of soft leather, Caes. ;
hence, ineton., 1, ashoe, Ov. ; 2, apurse, Juv. ;
3, an ornamental patch, Ov.
alvearium -ii, n. a beehive, Verg.
alveatus -a -urn (alveus), hollowed like a
trough, Cato.
alveolus -i, in. (dim. of alveus), 1, a little
hollow, a tray, trough, bucket, Juv., lav. ; 2, «
gaming board, Cic.
alveus -i, in. (connected witli alo), a hollow,
av excavation ; 1, a trough, Liv.; 2, a boat, Verg. ;
the hold of a ship, Sail. ; 3, a bath.ing-tub, Ov. ;
4, the led of a stream; quia sicco alveo transiri
poterat, Liv. ; 5, a beehive, Tib. ; vitiosae ilicis
alveo, the hollow of a tree in which bees settled,
Verg. ; 6, a gaming-table, Plin.
alvus -i, f. (alo). I. the belly. A. Lit, pur-
gatio alvi, Cic. B. Transf., 1, the womb, Cic;
2, the stomach, Cic II. the hold of a ship, Tac
III. a bee-hive, Plin.
Alyattes -is or -ei, m. ('AAuarnjs), king of
Lydia, father of Croesus.
Alyzia -ae, f. ('AAvfia), a small town ofAcar-
nania, with a temple of Hercules, now Porto
Caadello.
amabilis -e (amo), amiable, lovable; ama-
bilior mihi Velia rait, quod te ab ea amari sensi,
Cic. ; amabile carmen, lovely, Hor.
amabilitas -atis (amabilis), amiableness,
PIaut._
amabiliter, adv. (amabilis), 1, amiably,
Hor. ; 2, lovingly, Cic.
Amalthea -ae, f. ('AfjidXBeia), a nymph, the
nurse of Jupiter in Crete, according to others, the
goat on the milk of which Jupiter was reared ;
the cornu Auialtheae or Copiae was placed among
thestars ; hence Amalthea -ae, f., and Amal-
theum or Amalthium -i, n. a sanctuary of
Amalthea, in Epirus, near to the estate of Atticus.
amandatio -onis, f. (amando), a sending
away, Cic.
amando, 1. to send auvy, to send to a dis-
tance; aliquem Lilybaeum, Cic. ; transf., nntura
res similes procul amandavit a sensibus, Cic.
amans -antis, p. adj. (amo), 1, loving, fond,
affectionate. I. Adj., A. Lit., pater amantissi-
mus, Cic. ; with gen., amantissimus reipublicae,
Cic. B. Transf., of things, inea fidelissima atque
amantissima consilia, Cic. II. Subst, c. a lover,
Cic.
amanter, adv. (amans), lovingly, Cic.
Amantia -ae, f. ('A/min-ia), atown in Ilhir'm,
now Nivitza; hence Amantiani -nrii'i:
the inhabitants of Amnntia.
amanuensis -is, m. = a mahu servus, n
secrelilry, clerk, Suet.
Amanus -i, m. ("A/iacos), a range of moun-
tains in Asia Minor, dividing Cilicia from Syria
(now Alma Dagh); hence Amanierises -tarn,
m. the mountaineers of Mount Amanus.
amaracinus -a -urn, made of marjoram.
Subst., amaracinum -i, n. (sc. unguentiun),
marjoram ointment, Lucr.
amaracus -i, c, and amaracum -i, n.
(afidpcLKos), marjoram, Verg.
amarantus -i, in. (a.^apavTos, unfading), the
amaranth, Ov.
amare, adv. (amarus), bitterly, Sen.
amaritudo -Inis, f. (amarus). I. Lit, bitter-
ness of taste, Varr. II. Transf., a, that which is
bitter, unpleasant, Plin. ; b, in rhet, vocis, on
excessive vehemence, lutrshness of voice, Quint.
amaror -oris, m. (amarus), bitterness, Lucr.,
Verg.
amarus -a -uni, bitter. A. Lit.,1, of taste,
Cic. ; 2, of smell, pungent ; fumus, Verg. ;
B. Transf., 1, disagreeable, unpleasant; his-
toriae, tedious, Hor. ; curae, Ov. Neut plur.,
amara -Drum, what is unpleasant, Hor. ; 2,
■irritable, susceptible; ainarioreni me senectus
facit, Verg. ; 3, of speech, biting, acrimonious ;
lingua, Ov.
Amaryllis -Wis, ace. -Ida, f. OAMopuAAi'O
name of a shepherdess.
AmarynthlS -idis, f. surname, of Diana, from
Amarynthos, a place in Euboea where Diana
was worshipped.
Amasenus -i, m. a river in Latium, now
Amaseno.
AmaslS.acc-iin, abl. -i, -e, or-Ide, m. ("A/xa-
o-is), one of the Egyptian Diaraohs.
amasius -Ii, m. (amo), a lover, Plaut.
Amastris -Idis, f. ("A^ao-Tpis), a town in,
Paphlagonia, now Amasserah ; hence Amas-
triacus -a -urn, belonging to Amastris; orae,
coasts of Pontus, Ov.
Amata -ae, f. myth., wife of king Latinus,
mother of Lavinia.
Amathus -untis, f. ('A^oeoO?), a city oj
Cyprus, famous for the worship of Venus ; hence
Amathusia, Venus; Amathusiacus -a
•urn, Ai.iathtisian.
amatio -onis, f. (amo), love-making, intrigue,
Plaut
amator -oris, m. (amo), 1, one who loves, a
friend ; vir bonus amatorque noster, Cic. ; ama-
tores huic(Catoni) desunt, admirers, readers of his
works, Cic. ; so of a thing, puri sermonis, Caes. ;
sapientiae, pads, Cic. ; 2, lover ofawoman, jxira-
movr; virginem abamatorum impetu prohibere,
Cic.
amatorculus -i, m. (dim. of amator), a
little lover, Plaut
amatorie, adv. (amatorius), amorously, Cic.
amatorius -a -um(amator), loving, amorous ;
sermo, Cic ; poesis (Anacreoutis), Cic. ; frui
voluptate amatoria, Cic.
amatrix -Icis, f. (amator), a mistress, sweet-
heart, Plaut.
Amazon -dnis, f., gen. in plur., Amazones
-am ('Ana^dves), myth, nation of female trar-
riors; hence, 1, Amazonis -idis, f. = Amazon,
Verg. ; 2, Amazonicus -a -uni, Amazonian;
3, Amazonius -a -urn, Amazonian; vir, Hip-
polytnu, son of an Amazon by Theseus. Ov.
amb. ambi, and ambe. an inseparable
• • «i'inn. Rntering into the composition o'
•••I •' tt'irnit (an in ambedo, etc.)-
arrTo
34
ambactus -i, m. a vassal, Cacs.
ambadodo, :i. to tat round, consume utterly,
riant.
ambages, abl. -e, f. (of sing, only nbl.
(build, complete in the plur.), going round,
roundabout way, winding. I. Lit., variorum
ambagc viarum, of a labyrinth, Ov. II. Transf.,
A. circumlocution; missis ambagibus, without
circumlocution, Ilor. B. obscurity, ambiguity ;
ambages canere, of the Sibyl, Verg. ; imincmor
ambagum, of the Sphinx, Ov. ; C. shifts, prevari-
cation; falsi poaitis ambagibus oris, Ov.
Ambarri -5rnm, m. a Gallic people east of
the Aedui, with ichom they were related.
ambedo -edi -csum, 3. to eat round, consume,
Verg.
Ambianl -orum, m. people in North Gaul, on
the Homme.
Amblbarli -orum, m. Gallic people in Nor-
mandy (whence the modern Ambieres).
amblgo, S. (amb and ago). I. Lit., to go about
or round. II. Transf, A. to doubt, hesitate, be
■uncertain ; jus quod ambigitur, Cic. ; ambigitur,
impers., followed by de and the ab!., or with
relative or infinitive clause, or with negative
followed by quill aud the subj., quum de vero
ambigetur, Cic. B. to dispute, contend, at law
or otherwise; cum eo qui heres est, Cic.; de
hereditate, Cic.
ambigiic. adv. (ambiguus), 1, ambiguously ;
scribere, Cic. ; 2, indecisively; equites ambigue
ccrtavere, Tac
ambigultas -fitis, f. (ambiguus), ambiguity;
verbornm, Cic.
ambiguus -a -nm (ambigo). I. moving from
tide to side, of doubtful nature; Proteus, Ov. ;
virgn, Siren or Sphinx, Ov. ; viri, Centaurs, Ov. ;
ambiguain promisit Salamina, a second'Salamis,
Hor. II. Transf., A. uncertain, doubtful; am-
biguus lanti certainluls lieres, Ov. ; imperandi,
not resolved on, Tac. Subst., ambigiium -i,
n. uncertainty ; nonhobul amblguum, / had no
doubt, Cic. ; rellnquere in ambiguo, Lncr. B.
Of speech, ambiguous, obscure; oracula, Cic.
Subst., amblguum -i, n. ambiguity; ex am-
biguo dicta, Cic. C. uncertain, untrustworthy;
Baes, I.iv. ; tribuni, Tac. ; res possessionis baud
anibigune, with a clear title, Li v. ; res, insecure,
Tac. ; aquae, changing, Ov.
Ambiliati -orum, m. a Gallic people on the
Somme.
ambio -Ivi and -ii -Itum, 4. (amb ami eo, but
conjugated regularly ace. to the 4th conjug. ex-
cept imperf. ambloat, Liv.). I. to go round.
A. Lit., ut ten-am lonae cursus proximo ambiret,
Cic. B. Transf., to surround ; silvas profunda
palua ambibat, Jar. ; vallum armis, Tac II. A.
t<, go round canvassing for votes, or help; ad id
igl vldebaturambientes, l.iv.; pass., popu-
lus facit eos a qulbus est maxime ambitus, Cic. ;
B. to address individuals; reginam affatu,Verg. ;
t-; pauper ambit Bollicita prece ruris colonus,
nppioachts with prayer, Hor.
Ambiorlx -rlgis, m. joiner of the Eburones
in Gallia Belgica.
ambltio -onis, f. (ambio). A. a canvass-
ing for office in a lawful manner; opp. ambitus
fa. v.); in.' ambltio et foren.it labor ab omni
ilia cogitations abstrabebat, Cic B. Transf.,
striving after honours; 1, after public office,
desire for office ; roe ambltio quaedam ad
honorum studlum duxit, Cie.; 2, desire for
fame, display, pomp; funemm nulla ambitlo, no
empty pomp, Tac.; 8, factiousness; non pnto
exist imareteambitione melabi, Cic. ; 4, striving
after something ; conciliandae provinciae ad novas
at*^, Tac.
ambitiosc, adv. (ambltiosus), 1, aspiringty}
pet ore rognuni, Li v. ; 2, with, a view to one's in-
terest, selfishly; non vulgaritcr nee ambitioso
scribere, Cic.
ambltiosus -a -nm (ambitio). 1, twining
around ; lascivis hederis ambitiosior, Ilor. ; am-
bitioso omamenta, excessive, Hor. ; 2, a, eager for
public office, ambitious; patres mollem consulem
et ambitiosum rati, Li v. ; b, vain, ostentatious,
pretention* ; amicitiae, interested, Cie. ; mors, os-
tentatious, studied, Tac. ; c, eager to win favour,
seeking after popularity ; dux indiilgens ambi-
tiosusque, Liv. ; vogationes, meant to win
popularity, Cic; d, striving after anything;
Musa nee in plausus ambitioso mea est, Ov. ;
amor, Ov.
ambitus -us, m. (ambio), a going round. I.
Gen., A. Abstr., circuit, revolution ; siderum,
Cie. B. Concr., 1, course, orbit; stellarum ro-
tund! ambitus, Cic; transf., circumlocution;
multos circa unam rem ambitus facere, Liv. ; 2,
circle, edge ; extremus ambitus campi, Tac; esp.,
the space left round a house, Cic. ; 3, extent, castra
lato ambitu, Tac. II. going round to entreat.
A. Lit., illegal canvassing for office, bribery; lex
de ambitu, Cic. ; ambitus aliquem accusare,
damnare, Cic. B. Transf., striving after honours,
Plin. ; popularity-hunt ing, Tac. C. striving for,
with genii., ambitu remanendi aut cundi, Tac.
Ambivareti -orum, m. a Gallic people, allies
of the, Aedui.
Ambivariti -Orum, m. a Gallic people on the
Maas, near modern Breda.
Ambivius, L. Ambivius Turpio, a celebrated
actor in Home, contemporary of Terence.
ambd -ae -8 (dn<|>u)), both, two together (uter-
que, two considered separately) ; hie qui utrumquc
pro hat, ambobus debuit uti, Cic.
Ambracla -ae. f. ('AuPpaKia), town on the.
south, border of ICpirus, near the sea, now Aria ;
hence, l,adj., Ambracicnsis -e, Avibracian ;
2, Ambracius a -um, Ambrai iav ; 3, subst.,
Ambraciotcs -ae, m. inhabitant ofAmbracia>
Ambrones -um, m. a Keltic people defeated
by Marias in the war with the Cimhri.
ambrosia -ae, f. (ii±ppooia), 1. ambrosia,
the food of the gods, Cie. ; orator ambrosia alen-
dus, of a distinguished orator, Cie. ; 2, a mira-
culous unguent, giving divine beauty and making
immortal, Verg.
ambrosius -a -um (a/ippoo-ios), divine, im-
mortal, ambrosial ; dapes, Mart. ; comae, an-
ointed with ambrosia, Verg.
Ambrysus -i, f. a town in Phoeis, now
Dystonia.
ambubajae -arum, f. (Syrlanabub, anbub,
the flute), Syrian music women and prostitutes
in Rome, Hor.
ambulacrum -i, n. a walk shaded with
trees, Plant.
ambiilatio -onis, f. (ambulo), 1, a walk,
Cie. ; 2, a place for walking, a promenade, Cic
ambiilathmcuTa -ae, f. 1, a little walk,
Cic. ; 2, c little promenade, Cic
ambulator -oris, in. (ambulo), one who walks
about, a lounger, Cato; pedlar, Mart.
ambulatorius -a -um (ambulo), movable,
Plin.
ambiilatrlx -iois, f. a gadding woman, Cato.
ambulo, I, (dim, of ambio). I. to go back-
wards ami forwards, to walk, Cie. ; defessus
sum ombulondo, Ter. ; bene ambnla, ftoii
D ryage, Plaut. ; ergo ambnla, be off with you,
riant.; ambulare in jus, to go to law, riant.;
of soldiers, to march; eodein modo ambulat
amb
35
amo
Caesar Ut, etc., Cie. ; to travel over, to traverse;
with ace., quuin (Xerxes) maria ambulavissct,
Cic. II. Transf., A. Of things, Nilus immenao
longitudinis spatio ambulans, Plin. B. to go for
a walk, in hortis cum Galba, Cic.
amburo -ussi -ustum, 3. I. A. to burn
round, to scorch, to burn up ; illedomi sitae vivns
exustus est; hie sociorum umbustus incendio
tamen ex ilia fiamina periculoque evasit, Cic. ;
ambnstatigna, Liv. ; of lightning, to scorch; am-
luistns Phaethon, Hor. Subst, ambustum
-i, n. a burn, Plin. B. Of cold, to tiip, numb;
ambusti multorum artus v! frigoris, Tae. II.
Transf., to injure; ambustas fortunarum mcarum
reliquias, Cic. ; damnatione collegae et sua prope
ambustus evaserat, Liv.
ambustus -a -tun, partic. of amburo.
amellus -i, m. the purple Italian starworl,
Verg.
Amenanus -i, m. (Anevavos), a river of
Sicily, now Indicello; also used as : an adject.,
Amenana ttumina, Ov.
aniens -entis, mad, Insane, senseless; metu,
Liv. ; aninii, in mind, Verg. ; homoaudacissimns
atque amentissimus, Cic. ; consilium amentissi-
mmn, Cic.
amentla'-ae, f. (aniens), insanity, madness,
folly ; in istam amentiam incidere, Cic.
amento, 1. (amentum), to furnish with a
strap; hastae, Cic. ; and (in a figure) ha3tae
amentatae, ready-made arguments, Cic.
amentum -i, n. (for agimentum). I. aiirap t
thamj, Caes. II. a shoe-tie, Plin.
Ameria -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now
Amelia; hence adj., Amerinus -a -urn, be-
longing to Ameria.
Anicr lola -ae, f. a town in the Sabine country.
ames -itis, m. a forked pole, for suspending
fowlers' nets, Hor. . .
Amestratus -i, f. CA^jio-TpaTo?), a town on
the north coast of Sicily, on the Halaesus, now Mes-
tretta; hence Amestratinus -a -um, belong-
ing to Amestratus.
amethystinus -a -ran, 1, amethyst-coloured ;
vestes, Mart. Subst., amethystina.'-orum, n.
(sc. vestimeuta), dresses of that colour, Juv. ; 2,
set with amethysts, Mart.
amethystus -i, f. (a/^'flvoros), an amethyst,
Plin.
amfr actus =anfractus (q.v.).
arnica -ae, f. (v. amicus).
amice, adv. (amicus), in a friendly manner ;
amice facis, Cic. ; amice pauperiem pati, will-
ingly, Hor. ; with dat., vivere vitae honiinum
amice, as the friend of man, Cic.
amicio -lciti and -ixi -ictmn, 4. 1. to clothe,
wrap round ; amictus toga, laena, pallio, Cic. ;
2, Transf., to cover, conceal; nube cava amictus,
Verg. ; piper et quidquid chartis amicitur in-
eptis, wrapped up in, Hor.
amiciter = amice (q.v.).
amicitia -ae, f. (amicus), friendship. I. Lit.,
A. friendship betwxen persons ; est mini amicitia
cum aliquo, Cic. ; amicitiam facere, jungere,
gerere, dimittere, dissociare, dissolverc, Cic.
B. In politics, friendship between states ; omni
tempore in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduao
fuissc, Caes. ; in amicitiam populi Homaui venire,
Liv. ; C. Of inanimate things, sympathy, Plin.
II. Meton., friends; parcet amicitiisetdignitati-
bus, Cic.
amicities -ei, f. = amicitia (q.v.),
amictus -a.3, m. (amicio). A. putting on of
a garment, Cic. ; esp., the manner of wearing the
toga; nihil est facilius quam amictum imitari
alicuius aut statum aut motuin, Cic. B. Meton.,
1, a garment, Verg. ; 2, covering ; nebulae
amictus, Verg.
amxcula -ae, f. v. amiculus.
amiciilum i, n. (amicio), a mantle, cloak,
Cic.
amiculus -i, m.| and amiciila -ae, t. (dim.
of amicus), a little friend, Cic.
amicus -a -um (amo). I. friendly, well-
wishing, inclined, favourable to. A. Absol.,
amicus amicissimus animus, ,Cic. ; homines
sibi conciliare ainiciores, Cic. B. With inter
se, or erga aliquem, or dat., velim ut tibi amicus
sit, Cic; arnica Into -sus, Hor.; of things,
silentia lunae, Verg. ; aniicmn est inihi, it
jileases me ; secundum te nihil est' mihramicius
solitudine, Cic. II. Subst. -, A. amicus -i, m.-,
a, a friend; intinius, Cic. ; veritatis, Cic. ; of.
states, socius atque amicus, Cic; b, in_plur.,
the retinue of a Roman governor, Suet.; the
courtiers' of tlie emperor, Suet. B. arnica -ae,
f. a friend or a mistress, Cic
Aminaeus -a -um, belonging to Amuuiea, a
district of Picenum, famous for its wine, Verg.
Amisia -ae. I. m. (o 'A/uo-ias), a river in
North Germany, now the Ems. II. f. a place at
the mouth of the Ems.
amissio -onis, f. (amitto), a loss; pppidorum,
Cic; esp. of a loss through death; liberorum,
Cic.
amissus -us, m.= amissio (q.v.).
Amisus (Auiisos) -i, f. (*Amktos), and Ami-
sum -i, n. a town in Ponlus, now Samsun.
amita -ae, f. a father's sister (opp. matertera,
q.v.), an. utint, Cic.
Amlternum -i, n. a town in tlu 'Sabine coun-
try, birthplace of the historian Sallust ; hence
adj., Amiterninus -a -um, aud Amitcr-
nus -a -uin, Amiternian. ~
amitto -misi -missum, 3. to send away, to let
go. I/A. Lit., Plaut. B. Transf., to give up;
omnes has provincias, Cic. II. to let go, to let
slip. A. Lit., praedam de manibus, Cic. ; ocea-
sionem, Cic. ; tempus, Cic. B. to lose; vitam,
Cic. ; litem, Cic. ; mentem, Cic. ; fldeni, credit,
Phaedr. ; esp. to lose by death; filiuiu consu-
larem, Cic.
Ammianus Marcellinus -i, m. historian
of the fourth century a.d., who wrote a history of
Rome from Nerva to Valeus (91-378 A.D.), the
first books of which are lost.
Amnion (Hamnion) -onis, m. (" ky.y.o>v), a
Libyan deity, with a temple in the Oasis of Siwah,
worshipped in Rome under the name of Jupiter
Amnion, Cic. Adj., Ammoniacus -a-um.
amnicola -ae, c. (amnis and colo), dwelling
by the river-side ; salix, Ov.
amniculus -i, m. (dim. of amnis), a little
river, Liv.
amnis -is, m. (orig. apnis, from same root
as Lat. aqua, Skr. ap.). A. a stream of water, a
river; non tenuis rivulus sed abundantissimus
amnis, Cic. B. Poet., the stream; secundo amni,
down stream, Verg. ; the ocean, Verg. ; a torrent ;
ruunt de niontibus amnes, Verg. ; water, Verg.
amo, 1. to love from inclination or passion
(diligcrc, to love from esteem); mo non diligl
.solum, vcriim etiam ainari, Cic. ; 1, a, ali-
quem mirlnce, Cic; b, aniare sc, to love one-
self selfishly, Cio. ; c, aliquem de, or in aliqua
re or quod, to feel obliged or bound to a person;
te multum amamus, quod ea abs te diligen-
ter parvoque curata sunt, Cic. ; amabo te, or
aino
Sfl
amp
amabo, please, be so good ; amabn te, advola, Cic. ;
d, to love something; amavi amorem tun in prout
ipse amabat litteras, Cic. ; amat Janoa lfmcn,
tungtto, llor. ; with inlln., hie amea did pater
atque prineepa, Hot. ; o, to b» wont, accustomed ;
quae in fleri :imat, Sail. ; 2, to love passionately,
sensually; ibi priinuin Insnevit exereitus populi
Romani amare, to lust, Sail.
amocno, adv. (ainoenus), pleasantly, Plant.
amocnitas -at is, f. (ainoenus). I. Gen.,
pleasantness. II. Esp., a, of situatiuu , hor-
torum, Cic. ; urbium, Liv. ; plur., araoeuitatea
or.irum ac litorum, Cic; absol., pleasant situa-
tion, Cic. ; b, of other things, vitac, Tac. ; as
a term of endearment, mea amoeiiitas, Plant.
amoenus -a -um. I. Gen., pleasant, delight-
ful. IL Esp., a, of place; locus, Cic. Subst.,
amoena -oruni, n. pleasant places, Tac. ; b. of
other things, vita, Tac. ; cultus, luxurious, splen-
did, Liv. ; c, of persons, Venus, Plant.
amolior, 4. dep. to remove. I. Lit., objecta
onera, Liv. ; se, to take oneself off, Plaut. II.
to get rid of. A, Of persons, Octaviam uxorem,
Tac. B. Of something unpleasant, to remove;
Uedecus, Tac C. In speech, to pass over; amolior
et ainoveo nomen meum, Liv.
imoraum -i, n. (aimi/iov), a shrub, from
which a costly balsam was prepared, Verg.
amor (anios) -oris, in. (amo), love frominclina-
lion (caritas, love from esteem). I. A. Lit., nostcr
in te amor, Cic. ; ainplecti or prosequi aliqnem
amore, Cic. ; habere aliqnem in amore, Cic. ;
]iabere amorem erga aliqnem, Cic. ; in amore
esse alicui, to be loved by some one, Cic. ; in a bad
sense, passion; amore perdita est, Plant. ; plur.,
amores hominum in te, Cic. ; mihi est in amori-
bus, he is loved by me, Cic. ; In a bad sense,
ainores et hae delieiae quae vocantirr, Cic ;
personif., the god Cupid, Verg. B. Meton., the
object of love, darling ; amor et delieiae generis
humani (Titus), Suet. ; esp. in plur., amores et
delieiae tuae, Cic. II. love for something, d> sir,' ;
consulatns, Cic; cognitionis, Cic. ; scribendi,
Hor.
amotlo -onis, f. (amoveo), a removing ;
doloris, Cic
amoveo -movi -niotum, 2. to move away, re-
move. I. Lit., A. Gen., 1, of things, neque in
amovendo neque in exportando frumento, Cic. ;
2, of persons, aliquem ex istis locis, Cic. ; ali-
qnem ab altaribus, Liv. ; amoto patre, in the ab-
sence of the father,Tm\; seamovere, to depart, Ter.
B. Esp., 1, euphem., to steal ; boves per dolum
amotae, Hor.; 2, to banish; in insulam, Tac.
II. Transf., A. Gen., to remore something un-
pleasant; ab se cnlpam, Liv. B. Partic, 1, of
things, sensuin doloris mci a aententia dicenda
amovebo, Cic ; 2, of persons, to remore from a
post; Satnrniuin quaestorem a sua fruinentaria
procuratione, Cic.
Amphiaraus -i, m. ('A/^iapao?), a cele-
hratfd Argive soothsayer, son of O'icles (or Apollo)
and llypermnestra, husband of Eriphyle, jother
cfAkmaeonandAmphilochus, participatoragainst
his will in the expedition of the Seven against
Thebes ; when flying from Polyclymenus he
was, by the order of Zeus, taken up from the
earth and made immortal ; hence, a, Am-
phiaracus -a -urn, belonging to Amphiaraus ;
b, Amphlareiades -ac, m. son of Amphi-
araus = Alcmaeon, Ov.
amphibolla -ae, f. (a/i</>i£oAi'a), ambiguity,
double meaning, Cic.
Amphictydnes -um, m. ('Au((ii«rvo«5), the
Amphictyons, a religious assembly of representa-
tives of the Greek states, held first at Thermopylae
and afterwards at Delphi.
Amphllochi -Crum, m. rt people hi Add?
nania; hence Amphilochia -ae, f. theit
country; and Argos Ampniloclrium, oi
Amphllochicum -i, n. its chief town, now
I'hilokia.
Amphion -"mis, in. ('Aii^'ui'), kingo/Thehes,
and husband ofKiabe; said to have raised the
walls of Thebes by the magical power of his lyre ;
hence arecs Amphionis, i.e. Thebes, Ov. Adj.,
Amphionius -a -uni, belonging to Amphion.
Amphipolis, aec. -im, f. ('A/nfu'TroAis),
Athenian colony in Macedonia, on the Strymon.
amphisbaena -ae, f. (a^io-paiva), a kind
of African snake, Plin.
Amphissa -ae, f. ("A/i</uo-o-a), a town of the-
Ozolian Locrians, near modern Salona ; hence
Amphissius -a -um.
amphitheatralis -e (amphitheatram), be-
longing to the amphitheatre ; spectaculum, Plin.
amphltheatriCUS -a -um = amphitheatra-
lis (q.v.).
amphltheatrum -i, n. (a^iBUrpov), an
amphitheatre, an oral building for gladiatorial
shows and public spectacles, Tac.
Amphltrlte -es, f. (,'An<f>iTpiTn). the wife of
Neptune, goddess of the sea; hence, tliesea, Ov.
Amphitryon and Amphitruo -finis, m.
(' An<l>LTpvuv), king of Thebes, and husband of
Alcmcna, the mother of Hercules by Jupiter;
hence Amphitryonlades -ae, m. the son of
Amphitryon, i.e. Hercules, Verg.
amphora -ae, f. (a/i4>opevs). A. a two-
handled vase, pitcher, or jug, generally made of
clay or glass, chiefly used for wine, Hor. ; hence,
meton., wine, Hor. ; used also for honey, Cic, oil,
Cato. B. 1, a measure for liquids, 1 umae or 8
congii or 4S sextarii, about 5| gallons ; 2, mea-
sure of the tonnage of a ship, as we use ton, about
SO Roman pounds ; naves onerariae quartim
minor nulla erat dunm millium ampnorum,
Cic
amphoralis -e (amphora), containing an
amphora, Plin.
Amphrysos -i, m. ('A/i<ppv<rds), a stream in.
Phtkiotis, near which Apollo kept the flocks of
Admetus; pastor ab Amphryso, Avollo, Verg.
Adj., Amphrysius -a -um ; Amphrysia vates,
the Sibyl (beloved by Apollo), Verg.
ample, adv. (amplus). I. richly, amply;,
amplisaime dare agrnm, most liberally, Cic II.
magnificently, splendidly, exornare triclinium,
Cic. ; of oratory, elate et ample loqui, with
dignity and weight, Cic. Esp. in compar.,
amplius, I. more ; amplius aequo lamentari,
Lucr. II. A. Of space or time, more, farther;
non lnctabor tecum amplius, Cic. ; a. amplius
pronuntiare, a judicial formula, to adjourn the
hearing of a case ; quum consules re audita
amplius de consilii sententia pronuntiavissent,
Cic. ; b, a formula in contracts, sales, etc., am-
plius non peti, thatno further elaimismade, Cic. ;
C, esp. of definite measures of time, with nom.,
ace, abl., genit., generally without quam; am-
plius centum cives Romani, Cic ; non amplius
pedum DC, Caes.; triennio amplius, Cic; absol.,
xvi. non amplius legiones, 16 legions and no more,
Liv. B. further, more, in addition; quid est
quod jam amplius exspectes, Cic ; hence the
formulae, a, non dico amplius, 1 soy nothing fur-
ther, Cic ; b, hoc or co amplius ; besides, more-
over ; esp. t. t. in the senate, Servilio assentior
et hoc amplius censeo, / give my adhesion to Ser-
vians' proposal, but make an addition to it, Cic.
amplector -plexus sum -plecti, 3. dep.
(ami) and plecto). I. Lit. to surround, encircle.
A. with the arms or hands, to embrace; 1, aram,
amp
37
au
Tac. ; dext ram, Verg. ; 2, toembraee lovingly, Ov.
B. to surround; tellurem alls (of night), tocover,
Verg. ; hostium aeiem, Liv. ; of lire, ignis proxima
quneque et dciuccps eontinua ainplexus, Liv.
II. Tiunsf., A. to welcome, receive; libentertalem
amicuui, Cie. B. 1 ? to love, esteem; aliquem
aniore, Cic. ; 2, to prize; tanto amore suas pos-
SCssiones, Cic. ; 3, to embrace in thought, to con-
sider; si .index non omnia amplectotur consilio,
Cic. ; 4, to embrace, in the sense of to include
ov comprise ; quod idem interduin virtntis
nomine auiplectiinur, Cie. ; 5, toembraee or
touch on in discourse ; argumentuin pluribus
verbis, Cie. ; omnia communiter, Liv.
amplexor, 1. dep. (intens. of amplector) ;
1, to surround, encircle, embrace, Cic; transf.,
Appius totuin me amplexatur, Cic. ; 2, to
honour, esteem; aequabilitatem juris, Cic.
amplexus -us, m. (amplector). A. a sur-
rounding, encircling, embrace; draconis or ser-
pentis, Cic. ; aliquein amplexibus necare (of a
snake), Ov. B. Transf., terrarum amplexu, the
circuit of the earth, Liv.
ampliatio -onis, fi^amplio), the adjournment
of a suit, Sen.
amplificatio -onis, f. (amplifico), an enlarg-
ing, increasing. I. Lit., rei familiaris, Cic. II.
Transf., a, an enlarging, heightening; honoris
et gloriae, Cic. ; b, in rhetoric, enlargement, am-
plification, Cic.
amplif Icator -oris, m. (amplifico), one u<ho
enlarges ; dignitatis, Cic.
amplifico 1. (amplus and facio), to en-
large. A. Lit., civitatem, Cic. ; divitias, Cic.
B." Transf., 1, to increase; voluptatem, Cic;
2, in rhetoric, to dilate upon, magnify; aliquid
dicendo amplilicare atque oriiare, Cic.
amplio, 1. (amplus), to make wide, enlarge,
increase. I. Lit., civitatem, Plin. ; equitum
centurias, Liv. II. Transf., a, to glorify ; no-
men, Mart. ; b, legal t.t., to adjourn the hearing
of a case (see under ample II. A.a) ; causaui, Cic.
' ampliter, adv. = ample (q.v.).
amplitude) -inis, f. (ampins), breadth, size.
A. Lit., simulacrum inodica amplitudine, Cic.
B. Transf, 1, amplitudines quaedam bonorum,
increase of property, Cic. ; 2, greatness; iiomiiiis,
Cic. ; 3, dignity, grandeur; maxima cum gloria
ad summam amplitudinem pervenire, Cic. ; 4,
dignity of expression ; Platonis, Cic.
amplus -a -van, adj. with eompar. and
superl., large, spiacious, ample. A. Lit., 1, of
space, size, etc. ; doinus, Cic. ; 2. of number,
height, quantity, etc. ; pecuniaamplissima, Cic ;
ampliores copiae, Caes. Neut. subst., am-
plius, imponebat amplius quain ferre possent,
Cic, ; with genit., si amplius obsidum dare velit,
Caes. B. Transf., 1, great, important ; occasio,
Cic. ; ampla spes, Sail. ; 2, honourable ; praemia,
Cic. ; ainplum Tuscis ratus, thinking it an
Iwnourfor the Etruscans, Liv. ; 3, excellent, highly
esteemed; ainplae et honestae familiae, Cic;
amplissimi viri, men. of the highest position, Cic. ;
especially of public offices, amplissiiuus honor,
the consulsliip, Cic.
Ampsancti (sc. lacus), or Ampsanctus
-i, m. a lake in. the country of the IUrpini, said
to be one of the entrances to the lower world.
ampulla -ae, f. (dim. of amphora; amp(h>
orula, amporla, ampurla, ampulla). A. a flask,
bottle, Cic. B. Transf., bombast; prnjioit ain-
pullas, llor.
ampullaceus -a -um (ampulla), bottle-
shaped, Plin.
ampullarius -i, m. (ampulla), a bottle-
1l>akcr f Plaut.
ampullor, 1. dcp. (ampulla, P.), to speak
bombastically, Hor.
amputatio -Onis, f. (amputo), a culling off,
pruning, Cic.
amputo, 1. to cut off. A. Lit.,1, of plants
or trees, to lop or prune; ranios inutilcs, llor. ;
tig., non solum ranios ampittore niiseriarum,
Cic. ; 2, to cut off a part of the body ; caput,
Tac. ; as medical t. t., to amputate ; in cor-
pore quidquid est pestiferum, Cic. B. 1, to
shorten, diminish; multitudinem sententiarum,
Cic. ; 2, amputata loqui, to speak disconnectedly,
Cic.
Ampycus -i, m. ("A^h-uko?)- I. son of
Iapetus, a singer and priest of Ceres, killed at
the wedding of Perseus by Pettalus. II. one
of the Lapithae, father of Mopsus ; hence, Am-
pycides -ae, m. a descendant of Ampycus, i.e.
Mopsus.
Ampyx -pycis, in. ('A^iiruf). I. a comrade
of Phineus, turned into stone by the Medusa's head
at the wedding of Perseus. II. one of tlie Lapi-
thae, killed by the centaur Oiclus at tlie wedding
of Firithous.
amuletum -i, n. (Arab, hamalet = a pen-
dant), a charm, amulet, Plin.
AmullUS -li, in. king of Alba Longa, who
drove his elder brother, Numitor, from the
throne, and exposed in the Tiber Numitor's
grandsons, Romulus and Remus.
amurca -ae, f. (a^dpyij), the oil-lees, Plin.
amussis (ace. -im), f. a carpenter's rule ; ad
amussim, exactly, Varr.
Amyclae -arum, f. ('AuvkKou). I. a town in
Laconia, south-east of Sparta: myth., home of
the Dioscuri and of Hele>ia. II. an old town in
Latiuvi (sa<d to have been founded from Amy-
clae L). Adj. Amyclaeus -a -um, belongiiig
to Amyclae, Amydaean ; pluma, of the swan, in
allusion to the story of Juppiter and Leda,
Mart. ; fratres, the Dioscuri, Verg. ; hence poet.
Luconian ; canis, Verg.
amygdalum -i. n. (a/jivy&aXov), an almond,
Ov.
Amymone -es, f. ('A^v/h.'ht)), daughter of
Daiuius, beloved by Neptune, who in her honour
caused a fountain to spring out of the rock near
Argos.
Amyntas -ae, m. fA/ivi/ras), name of several
Macedonian kings, the most famous of whom
was Amyntas II., /a(7ter of Philip of Macedon,
and grandfather of Alexander the Great; hence
Amyntiades -ae, m. Philip.
Amyntor -Sris, m. ('Av.vvru>p),J;ing of the
Dolopes, father of Phoenix; hence Amyntor-
Ides -ae, in. a son of Amyntor = Phoenix, Ov.
amystis -idis, f. (omvcttis), the emptying of a
goblet at a draught, Hor.
Amythaon -onis, m. ('Ap.vB6.ijtv) father of
Melampus, Bias, and Aeolia; hence, Amjr-
thaoniUS -a -um, son of Amythaon.
an, conj. or, whether, introduces the second
clause of a direct or indirect double question,
or of a sentence implying doubt. I. A. Of sen-
tences implying doubt ; 1, after utrum, utrumne
and ne, honesturnne factu sit an turpe, dubitant,
Cic; 2, without a verb of doubt, or rather;
non plus duobus an tribus mensibus, Cic. B.
Elliptically, where the first clause is to be un-
derstood, dubito an, hand scio an, or nesclo
an, / don't know whether it is not, 2'erhaps, jwssi-
bly ; baud scio an satis sit, eum qui lacesserit,
in'juriae suae poenitcre, Cic. ; with a negative,
/ don't know whether it is; dubitet an turpe non
sit, whether it is base, Cic. C. Ljke uura, whethir
ana
38
And
(poet or in post-Augustan prose), quis scit an
adjiciant hodiernae crastina suminae tempora di
supcri. Hot. II. In diroct or indirect questions.
A. Where both sentences are expressed ; 1, in
direct questions, utrum ea vestra an nostra
culpa est, Cic. ; 2, in indirect questions, id
utrum Romano more locutus sit an quo niodo
Stoici dicunt, postea videro, Cic. B. Elliptically,
where the tlrst part of the question is suppressed,
often to express Irony or astonishment, or then ? ;
an etiam id dubium est? Cic; an censes niliil
inter nos convenire? Cic.
anabathrum -i, n. (ara/Jaflpoi*), a raised
seat Juv.
Anacharsis -Idis, in. ('Aroxopo-i?), a Scythian
who, it was mid, visited Athens in the time of
Solon. ■ • ,
Anacrcon -ontis, m. ('Ara/cpeW), a lyric
paetZofTepi in lonia(bW — JTSn.c.). Adj., Ana-
crcontius -a -uin, Anacreontic.
anadema -atis, n. (avdSruia), an ornament
or fillet fur the head, Lucr.
Anagnia -ae, f. CAvayvia), a town inlxitium,
capital of the Jlemici, now Anagni. Adj., An-
agnlnus -a -uin, belonging to Anagnia.
anagnostes -ae, ni. {avayvunrrni), a reader,
Cic.
analccta -ae, m. (ii/aXeyw)', a slave vhose
duty it loots to collect and remove crumbs after a
mud, Mart.
analogia -ae, f. (avaKoyla), proportion, com-
parison,, analogy, Varr., Quint.
anancaeum -i, n. (Ji.va.yKo.Tov, unavoidable),
a large drinking cup, bumper, Plaut.
anapaostus -a -um (irarroio-Tos), pes, or
simply aiuipaestus, a metrical font, an ana-
paest (v u -), Cic Subst., a, anapaostus -i,
in. a verse comjxised of anapaests, Cic. ; b, ana-
paestum -i, n., a poem in anajiacstic verse, Cic
anaphora -ae f. (ava<popa), 1, the rising of
the heavenly bodies, Plin. J 2, in rhetoric, the
repetition of a word at the. beginning of several
sentences (as in Cic. Verr. ii. 2<>).
Anaphe -es, f. ('Avaufry), an island east of
Thera, one of the Sporades, now Namfi, oiArwfi.
Anapus, -i, m. ("Ai-an-os), a river in Sicily,
near Syracuse, now Anapo.
Anartcs -mm, ni. ('Avaproi.), a people in
Daciu.
1. Anas -ae, m. ("A^as), a river in Spain, now
Wadirwnn or Gnadiana.
2. anas, itnatis, f. a duck, Cic
anaticula -ae, f. (dim. of anas), a little duck,
Cie.
anatocismus -i, in. (avaTOKia/iot), com-
pound interest, Cic
Anaxagoras -ae, m. CAi-afaydpaO, a philo-
sopher of the old Ionian school, friend and teacher
of Pericles and Euripides.
Anaxarchus -i, m. ('Ai/afapxoO, a philo-
sopher of Abdera.
Anaxiraandcr -dri, m. {'Ava^iavSpot), a
philO$OpKer of MiUtus, pupil ofThales.
Anaximenes -is, m. ('Ai/aft/ieVr)?), a philo-
sopher of Miletus, pupil of Anaximuiuler.
anceps -cipitis, abl. sing, -cipiti (an and
caput). J, Lit., two-headed; Janus, Ov. ; neu-
men nwnfis", -two-peaked, Ov. II. Transf., with
two sides. A. two-edged; seenris, Ov. B. 1,
coming on both sides, behind and before; qutUll
anccps.hostis et a fronte et a tergo urgeret, Li v. ;
anceps proelinm, abattlewheretheenemy attack on
both sides, Caes. ; anceps metns ctab cive ct ab
host*, Ljv. } 2, of two natures; bestw om«si
ancipites, amphibious,Cic. ; anceps faciendi dicen.
clique sapientia, Cic. C. 1. ambiguous; oraeu-
lum, Liv. ; 2, uncertain, undecided ; belli fortuna,
Cic; proelium, Liv. ; 3, unsettled; Lncanua
an Apulus anceps, uncertain whether a I.ucanian
or an Ajmlian, Hot. ; 4, dangerous, hie locus
tain anceps, Cic
Anchialos (its) -i, f. ('AyxiaAos), a small town
of Thrace on the l'ontns Kuxinns, now Alciali.
Anchises -ae, in. ('Ayxio-y<;), son of Cams and
father of Aeneas; hence 1, adj., Anchiseus -a
-um, belonging to ■ Anchises ; 2, Anchisiades
-ae, m. a. descendant of Anchises, i.e. Aeneas, Verg.
ancile -is, n. (connected with *ancus,
curved), 1, a shield which fell from heaven in
the time of Numa, on the preservation of which
the safety of the Roman empire was supposed to
depend, Liv. ; 2, any oval shield, Yerg. . (hete-
rocl. genit. plur. anciliontni, llor.).
ancilla -ae, f. a maidservant, female slave,
Cic. ; used as an attrib., mulier ancilla, Ball.
ancillariolus -i, ra. (ancilla), a lover of maid-
servants, Mart.
ancillaris -e (ancilla), relating to a maid-ser-
vant; artilicium, Cic
ancillor, 1, dep. (ancilla), to serve as a maid-
servant ; hence, to seme slavishly, Plin.
ancillula -ae, f. (dim. of ancilla), a little
maidservant, Liv. ; tig., idcirco istain juris
scientiam tamqiiam anciliulam pedisequamque
adjunxisti, Cic
ancisus -a -inn (amb and caedo), cut round,
Lucr.
Ancon -onis, f. ('AyKuv, elbow), and An-
cona -ae, f. a town in 1'icenum, on the Adriatic
Sea; hence Anccnitanus -i, m. an inhabitant
of Ancona.
ancora -ae, f. (ayxvpa), an anchor; anco-
ram jacere, Caes. ; figere, pangere, to cast an-
chor, Ov. ; tollcre, to weigh anchor, Caes, ; con-
sistere ad ancoram, in ancoris, to Heat anchor,
Caes.
ancorale -is, n. (ancora), a cable, Liv.
ancorarius-a -uin (ancora), belonging to an
anchor; funis, Caes.
Ancus (see Marcius).
Ancyra -ae, f. ("Awupa). I. the chief town
of the Tectosdges, capital of Galalia, now Angora;
hence, Ancyranus -a -um, belonging to An-
cyra; Ancyranum monumentum, an inscription
put up by Augustus at the entrance to his temple
at Ancyra, relating the chief events ofhislife. II.
a town in rhrygia, on the borders of Mysia and
Lydia.
andabata -ae, in., a kind of gladiator who
fought with a helmet that had no openings for the
eyes, Cic.
Andanla -ae, f. (Av&avia.), an old town in
Messenia, between Megalojwlis and Messene, now
Andorossa.
Andecavl -orum, m. and Andes -itim, m.
a Gallic people on the Loire with a town of the
same name, now Angers.
1. Andes, v. Andecavi.
2. Andes -turn, f. town in the Mantuan
country, birthplace of Virgil, now Pietola.
Andracmon -onis, , m. (' AvSpaCnuv). I.
father of Amphissus, husband of Dryope. II.
(also Andrcmon) ling of Calydon, father of Tfroas.
Andriscus -i, in. ("ArSpicntcK), a slave who
gave himself out to be the son of the Macedonian
king rersens, and ainseil the Third Macedonian
War, which ended with tin- reduction of Macedonia
into a Roman province by Metellus,
And
39
ang
Androgeos, or -geus -i, m. CA^poycws),
son of Mi)ios and rusiphae, killed by the Athe-
nians, who were consequently attacked and sub-
(fated by Minos, and forced to pay a tribute of
youths and maidens to the Minotaur.
androgynus -i, in. (apSpdyuros), a herm-
aphrodite, Liw, Oic.
Andromache -es and -cha -ae, f. ('Ai-Spo-
/jaxi). wife of Hector, and, after the capture of
Troy, the captive of Fyrrhusjuul subsequently
wife of Hcknus; appell., a young and beautiful
wife, Mart.
Andromede -es, f., and -da -ae, f. (AvSpo-
nd&ri), daugliter of the Aethiopian king Cepheus
and of Cassiopeia, exposed to a sea-monster, but
rescued by Perseus (ace. -an, Ov., Met. iv. 671,
and Ars Am. i. 53.)
Andronicus -i, m. ('AvSpovUos), L. or T.,
Livins, the earliest of the Soman tragic poets, a
native of Magna Graecia, the slave of M. Livius
Salinator (about 240 B.C.).
Andros and Andrus -i, f. C'-^pos), the
most northerly of the Cyclades, now Andro; hence
adj., Andrius -a -uni, Andrian; subst., An-
dria -ae, f. the Woman of Andros, name of one
of Terence's comedies.
anellus -i, m. (dim. of anulus), a little ring
Hor.
anetlmm -i, n. (avnQov), dill, anise, Verg.
anfractus -us, m. (an and frango). A. a
turning, bending; solis, revolution, Cic. ; anfrac-
tus curvus valli.s, winding, Verg. ; recta regione,
si nullus anfractus intercederet, no tortuous
windings, Caes. B. Transf., a, legal intricacies ;
jiuliciorum, Cic. ; b, prolixity, Cic.
angellus -i, m, (dim. of angulus) a little
corner, Lucr.
angina -ae, f. (dyx^). the quinsy, Plaut
angiportum -i, n. and (rarely) angipor-
tUS -us, in. (ango and portus), a narrow street,
Cic.
Angitia (Ancitia, Anguitia) -ae, f. a
goddess of the dwellers round the lake Fucinus
(now Lago di Celano), of the Marsi and Marrubii ;
nemus Angitiae, a grove on the west bank of lake
Fucinus (now Selva d'Albi).
Anglii -arum, in. a branch of the Suevi, living
in modern Altmark.
ango, 3. (root ANG, Gr. ArX, whence an-
gulus, angustus, dyx<»)- I. to l»'ess together, to
throttle; a, guttur, Verg.; b, to distress ; ea
collisio mistoruni omnia generis anhnantium
odore insolito urbanos ct agrestem confertum
in arta tecta aestu ac vigiliis angebat, Liv. II.
to torment, make anxious; alicuius animum and
aliquem, Cic. ; angebant ingentis spiritus virum
Sicilia Sardiniaque amissae, Liv. ; pass., angi
animi or,animo or simply angi, to be grieved or
troubled; alicuius decessu, Cic.; de Statio
inanumisso et nonnullis aliis rebus, Cic. ; me
angit or angor, followed by quod, or the ace.
and the infill., Cic.
angor -5ris, m. (ango). I. 1, a pressing
together of the gullet, throttling, Pliu. ; 2, physi-
ccd distress; aestu et angore vexata, Liv. II,
mental distress, anguish, trouble; confici angori-
bus, Cic.
Angrivarii -orum, m. a German tribe on the
Weser.
anguicomus -a -urn (unguis and coma),
having snaky hair, Ov.
anguiculus -i, in. (dim. of anguis), a little
snake, Ov.
anguifer -ft'ra -fCrum (anguis and fcro),
Siw.ke-bcaring. ; Gorgo, Prop,
anguigena -ae, c. (anguis and geno = gigno),
snake-born, Ov.
ang u ilia -ae, f. an eel, Plaut.
anguimanus -us, m. snake-handed; cle-
phantus (so called from the snake-like move-
ments of its trunk), Lucr.
anguine us - a -um (anguis), pertaining to
a. snake, snaky, Ov.
anguinus -a -um = anguineus (q.v.).
anguipes -pedis (anguis and pes), snake-
footcit, Ov.
anguis -is, c. (ango). I, a snake, Cic. ;
prow, frigidus latet anguis in herba, there w
danger, Verg. II. 1, the constellation Draco,
Verg.; 2, the constellation Ophiuchus, Ov. (abl.
anguc, rarely — but sometimes in Cicero— angui).
Anguitencns -cutis, m. (anguis and teneo,
translation of Gr. 'O</>io0x°s) the Smilce-holder ;
the constellation Ophiuchus, Cic.
Anguitia, v. Angitia.
angiilatus -a -um (angulus), angular, cor-
nered, Cic.
angulosus -a -um (angulus), full of corners,
Plin.
angulus -i. m . (root ANG, Gr. ArX, whence
ango, angustus, dyx"). A. a corner, angle, Caes.
B. 1, an angle in mathematics, Cic. ; 2, the ex-
tremity or corner of a country ; cxtremus angulus
agri Bruttii, Liv. ; 3, a bastUm/IAv. ; 4, a retired
spot; in ullo angulo Italiac, Cic. ; tig., ad istas
verborum angustias et ad omnes litterarum
angulos, Cic. '
angustc, adv. with comiiar. and superl.
(angustus), narrowly, in a confined manner. I.
Lit., A. of space, sedere, Cic. B, Of number
or quantity, sparingly ; uti re frumentaria, Caes.
II. A, mi a narrow, circumscribed manner;
angiistius apud Graccos valere, Cic. B. briefly;
dicere, Cic.
angustia -ae, f., gen. pi. angustiao
-arum, f. (angustus), narroivness. A. Lit.,
fretorum, Cic. ; spiritus, shortness of breath, Cic;
absol., defiles, narrow jotssm, Caes. B, Transf.,
1, obscure or narrow reasoning ; tantas in an-
gustias ct stoicorum dumcta (orationeni) com-
pelliinus, Cic; 2. of time, shortness ; ahgustiae
temporis, Cic. ; 3, of circumstances, straitened
condition, poverty ; pecuniae, aerarii, rei famili-
aris, Cic. ; absol., poverty, ap. Cic. ; 4, difficidly,
distress; in angustias adduci, Cic; J5, of dis-
position, na)*row-mindediiess, Cic. '
angusticlavius ii, m. (angustiis and
clavus), wearing a narrow stripe of purple on
his tunic; epithet of a plebeian military tribune,
Suet.
angustus -a -um (root ANG, Gf. ArX,
whence ango, ayxi», angulus), narrow. A. Lit.,
1, of space, narrmv, strait (opp. latus) ; pons,
Cic. ; 2, of other things, habenae, tightly-drawn,
Tib.; spiritus angustior, s/wrfbreatfi, Cic. Subst.,
angustum -i, n. a narroio space; in angusto
tendere, to encamp in a narrow space, Liw ; an-
gusta viarum, Verg. B. Transf., 1, in angustum
deducere perturbationes, to bridle, Cic; in angus-
tum concluderc, to confine, Um it,|Cic. ; 2, of time,
short; nox, Ov. ; 3, of circumstances, straitened,
poor, scarce ; res frumentaria, Caes. ; angustas
civium domos, Tac ; liberalitas angustior, Cic. ;
4, of other things, precarious, critical, uncer-
tain ; res angustae, Cic. ; fides angustior, Caes.;
5, of character, narrow-minded ; alii minuti ct
angusti, Cic. ; of porcoption, sensus, Cic ; 0,
of speech, a, concise; dismitationcs, Cic;
b, petty, narrow, subtle; concertationcs, Cic.
Subst., angustum -i, n. difficiUty; res est in
angusto, Caes,
aiili
40
aiii
anhclatio -onis = anhelitus (q.v.).
anhclator -oris, in. (nnhclo), one who
breathes with difficulty, Plin.
anhelitus -us, in. (anhelo). A. short, quick
breathing, puffing, panting; aiihelitum dacere,
Plaut. ; anhelitus moventur, Cic. ; asthma,
Plin. B. Transf., 1, breath, Ov. ; 2, exhalation,
vapour; terrae, Cic.
anhelo, 1. (am ami helo). I. Intransit., to
thaw a heavy breath, puff, pant. A. Lit., Verg.
B. Of lifeless objects, to roar; fornacibus igniia
anhelat, Verg. II. Transit., A. to produce
tvith jxinting ; verba inrlata et quasi anhelata
gravius, Cic. B. to pant for, desire eagerly ;
scelus, Cic.
anhelus -a -urn (anhelo) = anhelans. I.
puffing, panting ; equi, Verg. II. Me ton., caus-
ing to pant ; febris, Ov.
anicula -ae, f. (dim. of anus), a little old
woman, Cic.
Allien -enis, v. Anio.
Aniensis, Anienus, v. Anio.
Anigros -i, m. ("Awypos), a river in Tri-
phylia (Elis).
anilis -c (anus), belonging to or like an old
woman; vultus, Verg. ; rugae, Ov. ; esp. with
the notion of superstition orjclly, superstitio,
Cic. ; fabellac, old wives' tales^&ic.
ailllitus -iitis, f. (anilis), old age (of women),
Cat.
aniliter, adv. (anilis), like an old woman;
id dicitis superstitiuse atque aniliter, Cic.
anima -ae, f. (connected with au, a-niii). I.
Lit. A. vrind; impellunt animae lintea Thra-
ciae, the north winds, Hor. ; quantum ignes
auimaeque valent, of Vulcan's bellows, Verg. B.
1, the air as an element, Cic. ; 2, tht, breath; ani-
iiiaiu ducere, Cic. ; coutinere, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. the vital principle, the soul (anima, physical ;
animus, spiritual) ; 1, Lit., a, neque in homine
inesse aniiuum vol animam nee in bestia, Cic;
the. spirits of the dead, Suet. ; the vital principle in
plants, Plin. ; b, life; animam edere, to give up
the. ghost, Cic. ; animam agere, to be in the agonies
of death, Cic. ; trahere, to dragon existence,' Liv. ;
dum anima est, as long as he is alive, Cic. ; of
the blood as the source of life, purpuream vomit
animam, life-blood, Verg. ; 2, Melon., a living
being; ova parire, non animam, ElUi. ; used as a
term of endearment, soul; vo3 meae carissimae
animae, Cic. ; egregiae animae, Verg. B. (Like
animus), the rational soxd; anima rationis con-
siliique particeps, Cic
animabilis, -e (animo), animating, giving
life; natura, Cic.
animadversio -onis, f. (animadverto). I.
perception, observation; excitare animadversion-
em et diligentiamut nc, &c, Cic. II. Transf. A.
punishment ; censoria, Cie. ; Dolabullao in au-
daces sceleratos, Cic. ; vitiorum, Cic. ; used eu-
phein. tor capital punishment, Cic. B. censure,
blume, Cic.
animadversor -oris, m. (animadverto), an
observer, Cic.
animadverto (animadvorto), -verti
{,-vorti), -versum (-vorsum), :i. (fur auimum od-
vcrto). I. to take notice of, attend to : non aniin-
«dvili in paee, Cic. ; followed by lelat. sunt. ;
ut auiiuadvertam quae fiant, Cic. ; by ut or ne
and the subj., animadvertant ne callida assen-
tatione cnpiantiir, Cic. ; t.t., of tlie lictor, to
ciear the rooxl for the consul; consul animadver
tcre proximum lictorem .jussit, Liv. II. Transf.
A. to perceive : ecquldanimadvertishorumsilen-
tium, Cic. ; with ace, and infin., animadvertit
Caesar unoa Sequanos nihil earuni reruin facero,
Cars. ; with rel. sent., animadvertant quid dc
rdigionc existimandum sit, Cic. ; witliquum and
the. subj., animadvcisuni saepo est, quuni cor
animantis alicujus evulsum palpitarct, Cic. B.
1, to take notice of i.e. to take measures against,
to punish; generally followed by in ; in judices
quosdam, Cie. ; res animadvertenda, Cic. ;
euphem. to punish with death, Tac. ; 2, to
blame; ca sunt animadvertenda peccata max-
ime, Cic.
animal -alis, n. (for auimale, from anima),
1, a living being, animal; quum inter inani-
mum atque animal hoc maximum intersit, quod
animal agit aliquid, Cic. ; 2, an animal, as op-
posed to a man, Cic. ; so contemptuously of an
animal ((like English brute, beast), funestum
illud animal, Cic.
animalis -e (anima), 1, consisting of air,
ainj ; natura, Cic. ; 2, belonging to life, living ;
intelligentia, Cic. ; exemplum, Cic.
animans -antis (p. adj. from animo), liv-
ing. I. Adj.; mundus, Cie. II. Subst., mase,
fein., and neut. , a living being, animal ; niasc,
alius animans, Cic. ; fern., ceterae animantes,
Cic. ; neut., animantia omnia, Cic.
animatio -onis, f. (animo). I. Lit., an ani-
mating. II. Metou. (= animal), a living being;
divinae animationis species, Cic.
1. animatus -a -um (p. adj. from animo),
1, alive, animated ; anteponantur animata inani-
mis, Cie. ; 2, disposed in mind, inclined; a,
morally or politically, Pompeins animatus
melius quam paratus, Cie. ; with eiga and ace,
Cie. ; with in and ace, Cic. ; b, courageously
inclined, courageous, Cic.
2. animatus -us, m. (animo), life, anima-
tion, Plin.
animo, 1. (anima and animus), 1, to animate,
give life to; omnia aniinat, format, alit, Cic. ;
animate in, witli ace, to change a lifeless into a
living thing; guttas animant in angucs, Ov. ;
2, to endow with, a particular disposition; pueros
orientes animari atque formari, Cic.
animose, adv. (animosus), courageously ;
animose et fortiter facere aliquid, Cic.
animosus -a -um (animus), courageous, high-
spirited, ardent, passionate, furious. I. Gen., A,
Lit., fortis et animosus vir, Cic. ; equus, Ov.
B. Transf., of winds, poet., ventua, Ov.; Euri,
Verg. ; with abl., proud of; animosus spoliis,
Ov. II. Esp., intent on; corruptor, a briber
who sjiares no expense, Tac.
animula -ae, f. (dim. of anima). I. a little
soul, ap. Cic. II. a little life; tuae litterae quae
mihi quidquam quasi animulae instillarunt, have
refreshed me a little, Cic.
animiilus -i, m. (dim. of animus), a term of
endearment ; mi animule, my life, Plaut.
animus -i, m. (root AN, connected with
anima and ave^of). I. the spiritual principle of
life in man, opposed to corpus, the body, and to
anima, the principle of physical life ; credo deos
immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana,
Cie. ; rarely of animals, bestiae quarum ailimi
sunt rationia expertes, Cic. II. A. the soul as
the seat of feeling ; 1, animus alius ad alia vitia
propensior, Cie. ; genit. animi (almost pleo-
nastic) with adj. or subst., aeger animi, Liv. ;
dubiua animi, Verg. ; animi metus, Cic. ; with
animo or animi and a verb, animo tremere, Cic. ;
animi or aniinis pendere, to he anxious, Cic. ;
~l f character, disposition; apertua et simplex,
Cic. ;-esse anguati animi atque demissi, Cie. ;
pod., transf., nature; exuerint silvestrem
aninuiii), Verg, ; 3. inclinatigi (owards some
Ani
41
ann
true; bono (ov alicno) amino esse in aliquem,
Caes. ; mi aninic, "my dear" Plant. ; 4, cour-
age, confidence, spirit ; fae nnimo magno tortique
sis, Cic. ; neutria animus est ad pugnandum,
Liv. ; so in plur., animi cadunt, courage sinks,
Cic. ; transf., fire or vivacity in a speech, quae
vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit,
Cic; poet., of a top, dant animos plagae, Verg. ;
so (esp. in plural) pride, arroga nee, uxor, inflate
adhuc vegiis animis et muliehri spiritu, Liv. ; .jam
insolentiam noratis hominis, noratis aniinos ejus
etspiritustribunicios, Cic. ; pone animos, Verg. ;
5, wish, desire; militum animis expletis, Liv. ;
animi voluptatisqne causa, Caes. B. the sov.l
as the seat of the will; ad omnia et animo et con-
silio paratus, Cic. ; eo ad te animo venimus at,
&e, with the resolve to, &e, Cic. ; habco in
animo, with infill., I am resolved, Cic. ; so in
animum habeo, Liv. ; est mihi in animo, Cic. ;
avet animus, with infin., Cic. ; inclinat animus,
withut and the subj., Liv. ; ex animo, willingly,
Cic. C. the soul as the seat of the thoughts; 1, om-
nium mentes animosque perturbare, Cae«. ; 2,
consciousness; deticientibusanimis, Liv.; thought,
memor in bene meritos animus, Cic.
Anio -onis (or -Snis from original Sabine
form Anien), m., poet., Anienus -i, m. the
Anio, a river, tributary to the Tiber. Adj., 1,
Aniensis -e, 2, Anienus -a -urn, belonging
to the Anio.
Anius -ii, m. )n-iest of Apollo, and king of the
island of Delos, friend of Anchises and Aeneas.
Anna -ae, f., a, sister of Dido; b, Anna
Perenna, a Roman goddess.
annalis -e (annus). I. Adj., A. lasting a
year, Varr. B. relating to a year; lex, the law
which determined the minimum age for the great
offices of state, Cic. II. Subst.. annalis -is,
in. (se. liber) and plur. annales -ium, in.
(libli) yearly records, annals, in early times kept
by the Pontifices (h«»ce annales pontiticum or
annales maximi), in later times composed by the
so-called annalists (as Q. Fabius Pictor), Cic.
annato, 1. (ad-nato), 1, to swim to, Plin. ; 2,
to swim by the side of, Sen.
annavigo, 1. (ad-navigo), to~voyage to, Plin.
annecto (ad-necto) -nexKi -nexum, 3. tn bind
to, connect with. I. Lit, stomach us ad linguam
annectitur, Cic. II. Transf., 1, physically,
animos corporibus, Lucr. ; 2. to connect, in a
speech, rebus praesentibus futures adjungere
atque annectere, Cic. ■
annexus -us, m. (annecto), a binding to, a
connection, Tac.
Annibal, v. Hannibal.
Annicerii -orum, m, ^Avvuupetoi), a sect of
Cyrenaic philosophers.
anniculUS -a -urn (annus), one year old;
neptis, Nep.
annitor (ad-nitor) -nisus or -nixus, 3, dep.
I. Lit,, to lean -upon; ad aliquod tamquam ad-
miniculum, Cic. II. Transf., to strive after ; de
triumpho, Cic. ; with ad and the ace. of the
gerund, ad obtinendum hesternum decus, Liv. ;
foil, by ut or ne, with the subj., Liv. ; also by
the infin., Liv.
Annius -a -urn, gens, an old plebeian family
at Home, of which T. Annius Milo was a member,
v. Milo. Adj. Annianus -a -urn, belonging to
an Annius or Annia.
annivcrsarius -a -um (annus and verto),
recurring every year ; sacra, Cic. ; arma, Liv.
1 anno (ad-no), 1. I. to swim to, or near;
with ace, naves, Caes. ; with dat., vestris
oris, Verg.; navibus, Liv.; generally with ad and
'2*
the ace, ad cam urbem, Cic. II. to silAm tUi/h,
or alongside of; peditos annantes equiSj Tac.
2. Anno, v. Hai.no.
annona -ae, f. (annus). I. yearly produce,
crop; 1, Gen., Col.; 2, means of subsistence,
esp. grain; annonae caritas, clearness, Cic:
vilitas, cheapness, Cic. II. Meton., price of pro.
visions ; annona salaria, price of salt, Liv. ; esp.
of corn ; annonae varietas, fluctuation in the -price
of corn, Cic. ; esp. high price of corn ; solatium
annonae, Cic; annonam queri, to complain of
the high price of com, Liv. ; fig., vilis amiconxm
annona, friends are to be had cheap, Hor.
annosus -a -um (annus), full of years, long-
lived; cornix, Hor.
annotatio (ad-notetio) -onis, f. (annoto), re-
mark, annotation, Plin.
annotator -oris, in. (annoto), one who re-
marks, an observer, Plin.
annotinus -a -um (annus), a year old, be-
longing to last year; naves, Caes.
annoto (ad-noto), 1. to note down. I. Lit.,
annotatum est, with ace andinfin., Tac. ; librum,
to make remarks on a book, Plin. II. Transf.
to remark, take notice of, Plin.
annumcro (ad-numero), 1. I. to count out,
pay ; tibi denarios, Cic. II. to reckon with ;
with dat, aliquem his duobus, Cic. ; with in
and the abl., aliquem patronorum in grege, Cic.
annuntio (ad-nuntio), 1. to announce, tell,
relate, Plin.
annuo (ad-nuo) -fii, 3. I. to nod to; simul
atque sibi annuisset, Cic. II. A. to assent by a
nod or sign ; id toto capite, Cic. ; with dat, of
person, pctenti, Verg. ; of the thing, quibus
(praemiis) etiam rex ipse annnerat, J. iv. ; annne
cocptii,. b-:JarourabIe to our undertaking, V erg. ;
with Int. infin., quum annuisset se venturum,
Liv. B. alicui aliquid, to promise; caeli arcem,
Verg. C. to point out by a sign ; quos iste an-
nnerat, Cic.
annus -i, : in. (root AN connected witli
anulus)'; revolution of time, henc? year. I.
Lit.,'cxeunte anno, Cic. ; anno superiore, Ci. . ,
omnibus aunis, annually, Caes. ; tempus anni,
time of the year, season, Cic. ; adv. phrases,
1, anno, a whole year, Liv. ; in each year,
yearly, Liv. ; so, in anno, in each year, Cic. ;
annum, n full year, Cic. ; in annum, for a year,
Liv. ':■«'! annum, next year, Cic ; intra annum,
within the space of a year, Liv. ; SJ, of the years
of a person's life ; aiinos LXX natns, seventy
years old; Cic. jfjHanmbal annomm fernie novem,
when nine years old, Caes. ; habere annos viginti,
Cic. ; annum agere quartum et octogesimum,
Cic. ; hence, like aetes, old age, confectus annis,
Sail. ; 3, the year of a person's life at which he
could standforanutgistracy; is enim erat annus,
quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret, Caes. ;
annus mens, tuus, suus, Cic. ; so, the year of
office; prorogare annum. Cic; 4, a year w'th
relation to thejweather, healthiness, &c; locuples
frugibus, Hor. ; gravissimus etpestilentissimus,
Cic ; 5, annus magnus, a cycle of years, Cic.
II. Transf. (poet.), 1, tim$ of year: pomifer, au-
tumn ; hibernus, winter, Hor. ; 2, the growth of
a year, Cic.
annuto (ad-nuto), 1. (intens. of annuo), to
nod to, make u sign to, Plaut.
annutrio (ad-nutrio), 4. to nourish at or near
to, Plin.
anniius-a-um (annus). I. lasting for a year;
magistratus, Caes. II. returning every year,
annual; labor agricolarum, Cic. ; hence, subst,
annuum -i, n. or annua -orum, n. a yearly
sahry, peisi<1\ annuity, Plin.
anq
42
anquiro -quTsivi -qulsttum (an mid quaero),
3. to mrcfc carefully, to inquirt after. I. Lit.,
omnia quae sunt ml vivondum nccessaria anqiii-
rere et parare, Cic. II. Transf., A. Transit ,
to investigate; mena semper aliquid anquirii aui
agit, Cie" B. Intransit, legal t. t. to set an in-
quiry on foot; de perdnellione, Liv. ; eapite or
capitis, on a charge involving capital pit nidi wait,
Liv.
ansa -no, f. a handle, lm.fl. I. Lit., ansa
poculi, canthari, Verg. ; crepidae, the eye through
which a slioe-tie is pasted, Tib. DE. Transf.,
occasion, opportunity ; habere reprehensiouis an-
sam aliquam, Cic.
Ansancti, v. Ampsancti.
ansatus -a -urn (ansa), provided with a
handle; homo, a man with handles, i.e., with
arms akimbo, PJaut.
1. anser 7 -?ris, m. a goose, Cic
2. Anser -ens, Itl. a wanton poet, friend of
the triumvir Antonius.
anserlnus -a -inn (anser), relating or belong-
ing to a goose, Plin.
Antaeus -i, m. (' Awatos), a powerful giant,
ruler of Libya, who compelled all Strang, rs com ing
to his country to wrestle with him, at last slain by
Hercules, who, observing that each time Antaeus
fell on the earth he gained nexu force, held him
aloft in the air and so killed him.
Antandros (us) -i, f. ("ArrarSpo?), a (own
of Mysia, now* Antamlro ; hence adj., Antan-
drius -a -urn, of Antandros.
ante (old form, anti, whence antidea, anti-
deo, connected with avra, ivri, dmjf), prep. &
adv. before. I. Adv., A. Of place, ante a ut
post pugnarc, Liv. B. Of time, a, before;
niultis ante saeculis, Cic. ; ante qua"), before
that; ut te ante vidoret qiiani a vita discederet,
Cic ; anno ante qnam mortuuscst, Cic. ; b, very
rarely used as adj., neque ignari sumus ante
malomm (= Tiui-Trpii'icaKuii'), of former sufferings,
Vci-g. II. Prep. , before. A. Of place, 1, Lit., ante
pedes, Cic; causam ante aliqueni diccre, before
a y age, Cie ; 2, Transf., of preference, quem
ante mo diligo, whom I love, more than myself,
Cic. ; so ante alios, Liv. ; ante mums, Tac. B.
of time, ante liicein, Cie. ; ante mo, before my
time, <.'ic. ; often with a partic, ante urbcm
conditam, before the founding of the city, Cie ;
esp. a. ante annum, a year ago, Plin. ; b, ante
rem, before the fight, Liv. ; ante tempus, he-
fore the right time, Liv. ; c, ante diem, (a) before
the day, Ov., (j3) before the day fixed by fate, Ov. ;
d, ante id tempus, up to the ]>resent time, Caes. ;
e, ante certain diem, withina fixed time; equites
ante certain diem decederent, Cic; f, so to
mark the date, ante diein qnarturn Idas Martins
(a.d. IV. Id. Mart.), the, fourth day before the Ides
of March, i.e. the twelfth of March, Cie.
antca (ante and abl. ea), adv., before, for-
merly, Cic. ; followed by quam, Cic.
antcambulo -onis, m. (ante and amlmlare),
a running footman to clear the way, Mart,
antccanem (translation of irpoKvw), a star,
the little d'<g, Cic.
antccapio -cepi -ceptum, 8. I. Lit., to
seize beforehand ; pontetn Mosae flurninis, Tac;
locum castris, Sail. II. Transf., a, to antici-
pate, to prepare beforehand ; quae hello Usui
forent, Sail. ; to excite, or provoke, beforehand ;
(a omnia (fnmem aut sitini, etc.) luxu, Sail. ;
to use beforehand; noctcm, not to wait for,
Sail. ; b, philosoph. 1. 1., anteceptam an lino rei
quandam informationem, preconceived idea,, Cic.
antccedens -entis, p. adj. (from antecedo),
preceding. I. Plin. II. Esp., philosoph. t. t.,
ant
causa, the antecedent cause. Subst., antece-
dens, the antecedent cause; oftcner in plur.
antocedontia, Cic
antecedo -cossi -ccssura, 3. to go before, j>re-
cede. I. Gen., A. Lit., in space, agmen, Cues.;
absol., stcllae turn antecedunt, turn snbsequnn-
tnr, Cic B. Transf., ill time (with dat. and
ace), alicni aetate paulnni, Cic. II. Esp. to
hasten before, to ort A. Lit., nuntios op-
pugnati oppidi fan >b, Caes. B. Transf.,
to axcel; with dat., quantum natora hominis
pecudibus reliquisque bestiis antecedat, Cic. ;
with ace, aliqucm scientia atque usu nautiearuin
rerum, Caes. ; absol., et auctoritatc et aetate et
usu rerum, Cic
antecello -ere, no perf. or sup., to distin-
guish oneself, excel; 1, of persons, with dat. of
person and abl. of thing, omnibus ingenii gloria,
Cic. ; with nee. of the person and abl. of the
thing, oranes fortuna, Tac. ; with abl. of thing
alone, militari laude, Cic. ; 2, of things, duae
aedes sacrae quae longe ceteris antecellant, Cie.
anteceSSlO -onis, f. (antecedo), 1, a pre-
ceding or going before ; quae in orbibns conver-
sionea antecessionesque eveniunt, Oic. ; 2, the
antecedent cause; homo causas rerum vidct
earumque praegressus et quasi antecessiones
non ignorat, Cic.
antecessus -us, m. (antecedo), a going be-
fore; in anteeessnni, in advance, Sen.
antecursor -Oris, m. (anteeurro), one who
runs before; plur. pioneers, advance guard of an
army, Caes.
antceo -ivi (and gen.)-ii, -ire (old form, anti-
deo), to go before. I. Lit., alicni, Cic; aliqueiu,
Hor. II. Transf., A. to go before in time ; alicni
aetate, Cic. ; aliqucm aetate, Cic. ; si antcissent
delicta, had happened lie/ore, Tac. B. 1, to excel ;
alicni sapientia, Cie. ; omncs intelligentia, Cic ;
absol., to distinguish oneself; operibus, by ac-
tions, Cie.; 2, to anticipate; dainnatiouein ve-
neno Tac (in poets ami post-Augustan prose,
the syllable after ante disappears, anteat, Ov.;
antibo, Tac).
antcfero - 1 u l i -latum, -ferre. I. to carry he-
fore ; viginti elarissimarum I'amiliariim imagines,
Tac II. Transf., A. (0 prefer; longe omnibus
n 1 1 u in Deinostheueiu, Cie.; iniquissimani paeem
jnstissimo hello, Cic. B. to anticipate, consider
beforehand; quod est dies allatuia, id consilio
antefcrre debenius, Cic.
antcfixus -a -urn, fastened in front ; truncts
arborura antetixa ora, Tac. Subst., antefixa
-oruin, n. ornaments fixed on the roofs and. gutters
of houses; antetixa lictilia deoram Romanoium,
Liv.
antegredior -gressus -gredi, dep. (ante and
gradior), to go before. I. Lit., Stella Veneris
antegreditur solem, Cic II. Transf, causae
antegressae, antecedent causes, Cic
antchabeo, 2. to prefer, Tac
antchac (old form, antidhac), adv. (ante
and abl. hac), before this time, formerly, Cic.
antclatus -a -um, v. antefero.
antelucanus -a -um (ante and lux), happen-
ing before daybreak; tempus, Cic. ; ceua, Cic
antcmeridiamis -a -um, before noon, Cic
antemltto, more properly separated, ante
and mitto q.v.
Antemnac -arum, f. Sabinrftrum at the junc-
tion of the Anio with tin- Tiber; hence, Antcm-
natcs -iuni, m. the inhabitants of Antemmx.:.
antenna (antcmna) -ae, f. (an = 5io
and teuderc), a sail-yard; antennas ad maios
destinare, Caes.
Ant
43
Ant
Antenor -oris, m. ('Avrquiap) a Trojan, the
legendary_faunder of Patavium (Padua); licnce,
1, Antenoreus -a -urn. belonging to An-
tenor, Paiavian; 2, Antenorides -ae, m.
('Ai'TT)vopi5T)s) ) ft descendant of Antenor.
antepagmentum -i, n. the lining of a door
or post, a jamb, Cato. •
antepes -pedis, in. the forefoot, Cic.
antepilani -orum, ra. the soldiers who fought
in front of the pilani or triarii, i.e. the luistati
and principcs, Liv •;•
antepono -posui -posltum, 3. I. to place
before ;' alicui prandium, Plant. II. to place-in
front. A. Lit., equitum locos scdilibus plelris,
Tac. B. Transf., to prefer; sc alicui, Cic;;
ainicitiam omnibus rebus humauis, Cic.
antepdtens -cutis, very powerful, very for-
tunate, Plaut.
Anteros -otis, m. CAvrepus), 1, the genius
or avenger of slighted lore, Cic. ; 2, a kind of
amethyst, Plin.
antes -iom, m. rows or ranlcs, e.g. of vines,
Verg.
antesignanus -i v m. (ante and signuin),
plur. antesignani, chosen soldiers who fought in
front of tlie line to support the cavalry, skir-
in is hers, Ca.es. ; hence, sing., a leader, Cic.
antesto (antisto) -stlti, 1. to stand before;
transf., to surpass; with dnt. of person and abl.
of thing, mnltnm omnibus (dak) corporum viri-
bus (abl.), Cic. ; absol., to be prominent, Cic.
antestor, 1. dep. (eontr. from nntetestor),
legal t. t., to call to witness, Hor. The formula
was "licet antestari?" used by the demandant,
and the person whose witness was required held
up the lap of his ear to express his consent :
used once by Cicero without reference to judi-
cial proceedings.
antevenio -veni -ventuni, 4. I. Lit, A. to
come before, to get the. start of; per traiuites
occultos exercitum iletelli, Sail. II. Transf.,
A. to anticipate, prevent; consilia et insidias
hostium, Sail. B. to excel; per virtutem no-
bilitatem, Sail.
anteverto, antevorto -verti (-vorti) -ver-
sum (-vorsum), 3. and dep. antevortor -vorti.
I. Lit., to come or go before, to precede ; stella tnm
anteverte.ns turn subsequens, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. to anticipate, hinder by anticipating ; atque id
ipsum quum tecum agere conarer, Fannius antc-
vertit, Cic. B. to prefer; Caesar omnibus' con-
siliis antevertendum existimavit ut Narbohem
proficisceretur, Caes. . - '
Anthedon -i5nis, f. ('Ai>8ri&uv), town' and
state of tlie Boeotian league on the river Messapius,
now Lukisi. '■■■.
Anthemusia -ae, f. and Anthemusias
-adis, f. a town in Mesopotamia.
anthias -ae, m. (a.v8Ca<;), a sea-fish, Ov.
anthologica, genit. -on, n. (ai/0oAoyiKo),
anthology, a collection of extructs and small
poems, Plin.
Antianus, Antias, v. Antium.
Anticato -finis, in. the Anticato, a work of
C. Jul. Caesar in two books, in answer to Cicero's
Cato, Juv. ...'.'
anticipatio -Onis, f. (anticipo), a preconcep-
tion, innate idea, Cic.
anticipo, 1. (ante and capio), 1, to take or
receive before, anticipate ; quod ita sit informatum
anticipatumquo mentibus nostris, Cic. ; viam,
to travel over before, Ov. ; ludos, to celebrate be-
fore their time, Suet. ; 2, to come before, Lucr.
Ant Idea and -clia -ae, f. ('AenicAeia),
daughter of Autolycus, wife of Laertes, mother of
Ulysses.
anticus -a -urn (ante), forward, in front
(opp. posticus), pars, Cic.
Anticyra -ae, f. (AvTixvpa.), a town in
Phocis, famous for its hellebore, now Aspro S2riti,
Hor.
antidea, antideo, antidhac, v. antea,
anteeo, anteliac.
antidotum -i, n. (avriSoror), an antidote,
Suet. ": ' ;•.
Antigenes -is, m. ('Anvyt'eij*). I. a general
of Alexander the Great, Nep.' II. a shepherd,
Verg.
Antigenidas -ae, m. and -ides -ae, m.
('AiTiyeri5>)s), name of two celebrated flute-players^
one of whom, a Theban, flourislied about 440 B.C.,
the other, a son, of Dionysius, about 33S B.C.
Antigone -es, f. and Antigona -ae, f. CAv
•nyon)). I. daughter of Oedipus, sister of Poly nice*
and. Eteocles, put to death for burying her brotha
against the command of the king of Thebes. II.
daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy, cluinged ink
a stork by Hera.]
Antlgonea -ae, f. ('Arriydi-eia or 'Avriyovidy
name of several towns, themost important of which
were—a,, a town on the Celydnus, in Epirus;
hence, Antigonensis -e, belonging to Anti-
gonia; b, a town in Macedonia.
Antigonus -i, m. CAvrlyovoi), name of seve-
ral of the successors of Alexander the Great, the
most celebrated of whom was Antigonus I., born
385 b.c, father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, ruler of
Phrygia, and, after) Alexander's death, of Pain-
phylia and Lycia, killed at Ijjsus 301 B.C.
Antilibanus -i, m. ('AvriXifSavos) a mountain
■range in-Phoenicia, running pamllel to Mount
Libauus, now Dschebel Escharki.
Antilochus -i, m. ('Axti'Aoxo?), sonof Nestor,
friend of Achilles.
AntimachUS -i, iu. (Avri^axot), a Greek
poet, contemporary with Plato.
Antinous -i, ra. ('Avtivooi), a beautiful
youth, beloved by the emperor Hadrian, who gave
him divine honours on his early death.
Antiochia -ac, f. ('Ai-nox*"*), name of
several towns. I, Antiochia Epidaphnes (q eiri
Aa<J»tT)«, Plin.), capital of Syria, on the river
Orontcs, now Antakia. II. town ofCaria, on the
Maeander; hence, adj., Antiochensis -e and
Antiochinus -a rum, belonging to Antioch.
Antiochus -i, in. ('Ai/noxos)- !• name of
thirteen Syrian kings, tlie most important of whom
mere— a, Antiochus III., Magnus, protector of
Hannibal in his exile, conquered by L. Com.' Scipio ;
b, Antiochus TV., Epiphanes, wlw was deterred by
the Roman envoy, L. Popillius, from seizing Egypt ;
C, Antiochus X., whose son, Antiochus XIII. ,
came to Home with his brotlier touphold their claims
on Egypt. II. name of several kings ofCommagene.
III. Antiochus of Ascalon, the last philosopher of
the Academic school of philosophers, teaclier of Varro
and Cicero; hence 1, Antiochius -a -urn, be-
longing to the philosoplier Antiochus. Subst., a,
Antiochii -orum, m. the disciples of Antiochus;
b, ista Antiochia, the dogmas of Antiochus; 2,
Antiochinus -a -um, a belonging to Antiochus
III.; b, belonging to tlie philosopher Antiochus.
Antiopa -ao, f. and Antiope -es, f. ('Ai-ti-
oirtj), 1, daughter of Nycteus, mother of Amjihion
and Zelhus; 2, mother of the Pierides.
Antlpater -tri, m. ('Ai-TiVaTpos). I. name
of several kings of Macedonia, tlie most important
of whom was the confidant of Philip and Alex-
ander tlie Great, king of Macedonia after Alezan-
Ant
44
Aon
tier's death. II. name of several Greek philosophers;
a, Antipater Cyrenaicus, « disciple of the elder
Aristippua; b, Antipater of Tarsus, a Stoic,
teacher cf Panaetins. III. L. Caclius Antipater,
\ . ( lu'lius.
Antipatria -ae, f. ('AcTuraTpi'a), a toivn in
Macedonia, on the border of Illyria.
Antiphates -ae, m. ('Arri<f><i-n)?). I. ruler
of the cannibal Lacstrygones. II. o son of Sar-
pedon, killed by Turnus.
Antipbon -ontis (' \vti<p!iv). 1, a celebrated
Athenian orator, 479-411 B.C. ; 2, a sophist, con-
temporary and adversary of Socrates; 3, a frccd-
»« and actor.
Antipolis -is, f. ("AvthtoAij), town of the
tfassilians in Gallia Narbonensis, now Antibcs.
antiquarius a -um (antiquus), belonging to
antiquity^ Subst., antiquarius -li, m. and
antiquaria -ac, f., on antiquai-y, Juv., Suet.
antique, adv. (antiquus), in an ancient
manner, Hor.
antiquitas -atis, f. (antiquus). I. anti-
quity, ancient times, Cic II. Meton., 1, the
history of ancient times, Cic. ; hence plur. the
undents, Cic. ; 2. the gooil old times, primitive
virtue, integrity, Cic. ; 3, great age; generis, Cic.
antiquitus, adv. (antiquus), 1, formerly, in
ancient times, Caes. ; 2, from antiquity, Liv.
antiquo, 1. (antiquus), to leave in Us former
state; lieuce, to reject a bill; legem, rogationem,
Cic.
antiquus -a -urn (for anticus, from ante).
I, that which excels all ollter things in worth ; in
compar. and superl., more or most weighty, im-
portant, preferable; id antiquius consuli fuit,
the consul preferred that, Liv. ; lie quid vita
existimem antiquius, more important, Gvc ; nihil
ei fuisset antiquius qu.im (followed by the in-
fln.), Cic. ; navalis apparatus ei semper antiqu-
issima ctira fuit, Cie. II. that which is before in
point of time. A. Relative, old, ancient previous,
once existing; a, antiquae lnunitiones, Caes.;
causa antiquior memoria tua, Cic. ; subst., nam
ilia nimia autiqna praetcreo, Cic. ; b, esji. with
the notion of what is simple, pure, innocent;
antiqni homines, Cic. B. Absol., having existeil
for a long time, old, ancient, venerable ; tuus
antiquissimus amicus, Cic. ; esp. of towns, urbs,
Verg. Subst., antiqui -orum. m. the people
of (ild time, ancient authors, old statesmen, men of
old, Cic
Antissa -ae, f. ("Ai'tkto-oV a town on a small
island near Jyesbos ; hence, Antissaci -Oram,
m. the Antissaeans.
nntistcs -stitis, c. (antisto). I. a presiding
priest or priestess ; sacroruin, Cic. II. Trans f.,
master in any art ; artis dicendi, Cic.
Antisthonca -is and -ae, in. ('AiTio-flterjO,
a Qra k philosopher, founder of Hue. Cynic school.
antistlta -ae, f. (antistes), o presiding
priestess, Cic, Ov.
antisto, v. antesto.
antitheton -i, n. (apTi0rroi<), a figure of
rhetoric, antithesis, opposition, Cic.
Antium -ii, n. ('AtTioi'), an old town ofLatium
on the sea-coatt, now Torre or Porto d'Anzio;
hence, 1, Antianus -a -urn ; 2, Antias -atis,
■■ ng to Antium.
antUa -ae, f. (iwAfor), a pump, Mart.
Antomaster -tri, m. an imitator of the
Oratory of Antonius, Cic
Antoninus -i, m. a name af several Roman em-
perors, the most notable of whom are, 1 Antoninus
Piss, ruled from 13S-101 a.d. ; 2, M. Aurelius
Antoninus Philosophus, son-in-law and adopted
son of the former, ruled from 101-1S0 a.d; 3,
M. Aurelius Antoninus, v. lleliogabalus.
Antonius -a -Ulll, gens, the name of a, Roman
family, the most distinguished members of which
were: (1) M. Antonius, surnamed Orator, bom
B.C. 144, put to death by Marivs and Cinna SS ;
introduced by Cicero as a speaker in the dialogue
De Oratore. (2) M. Antonius Crcticus, son of
(1) despatched against the pirates of the eastern
Mediterranean in 74 B.C. (3) C. Antonius,
second son of the preceding, the accomplice oj
Catiline, colleague with Cicero in the consulship,
B.C. (53. (4) M. Antonius Triumvir, son of (2), born
B.C. S3, the bitter enemy of Cicero, after Caesar's
death triumvir with Octaviunus and Lepidus,
defeated by Octavianus at the battle of Act in m
(B.C. 81) ; killed himself shortly after. (5) lulus
Antonius, son of (4), by Fulvia, brought up by
the elder Octavia; hence, adj., Antonianus
-a -um, of or relating to Antonius.
antrum -i, n. (avrpov), a cave, Ov., Verg. ;
transf., the hollow of a tree ; exesae arboris antro,
Verg. ; of a litter, vchi clauso antro, Juv.
Aniibis -bidis, in. ('Avovfa, Egyptian Anup,
or Anupu), an Egyptian god, represented with a
dog's head ; latrator A., Verg.
anularius -a -um (anulus), belonging to a
seal ring ; sealae, aplace in Home, Suet. Subst.,
anularius -i, m. a ring maker, Cic.
anulatus -a -um (anulus), beringed, orna-
mented with rings ; aures, Plant.
anulus, anniilus -i, m. (I. anus), a ring,
Esp. I. a finger or signet ring ; in ejusmodi cera
centum sigilla impriniere hocanulo, Cic. ; vilis-
sima utensilium annlo clausa, sealed vp, Tac. ;
anulus cquestris, the gold ring which was the sign
of a knight in Borne, Hor. ; anuluin invenire, to
be raised to the rank of a knight, Cic. II. Of ob-
jects similar in form, 1, a curtain ring, Plin. ;
2, the link of a fetter, Plin. ; 3, a ringlet of hair,
Hart.
1. anus -i, m. the fundament, Cic.
2. anus -us, f. an old woman, Cic. ; anus
Cumaea, the Sibyl, Ov. ; in apposition, old;
sacerdos, Verg. ; of animals and things, cerva,
Ov. ; amphora, Mart. ; Appia via, Prop.
anxic, adv. (auxins), anxiously, Sal!.
anxietas -atis, f. (anxius). I. anxiety,
anxiousness, as a trait in a person's character,
while angor is the transitory feeling of anxiety,
Cic. ; also = angor, grief' anguish, Ov. II.
Transf. painful accuracy, Quint.
anxifer -fera -ferum (anxius and fero), causing
anxiety, Cic.
anxitudo -Inis, f. (anxius), anxiousness, Cic.
anxius -a-um (ango). I, anxious, uneasy ;
anxii senes, Cic; anxium habere aliquem. to
make anxious, Tac; anxius aniino, Sail.; with
abl. of cause, ira et metu, Sail. ; witli genit.,
furti, Ov. ; with de and the abl., de successors,
Suet. ; with pro, pro mundi regno, Ov. ; fol-
lowed by ne, Sail. ; an ... an, Tac. ; -ne
(enclitic) . . . an, Sail. ; quonam inodo, Tac ;
unde, Hor. II. Transf., causing anxiety or an-
guish; aegritudiues, Cic.
Anxur -oris, in. and n. I. m, Auxur (Axur),
and Anxurus, a deity of the Volscians, identified
with the Etruscan Vejovis; Anxurus Jnppiter,
Verg. II. n. an old town of the Volsci, on Oie sea-
coast, afterwards called Termcina. Adj., Anxur-
nas -fitis, belonging to Anxur.
Aon -5llis, in. fAw^), son_ of Poseidon, an
okl Boeotian hero; hence 1, Aoncs -um, ace
-as, m. (*Aoi<f?), Boeotians; 2, Aonia -ae, f.
('Aoi'i'a), mythic name of Boeotia, in which were
Aor
45
Apo
the mountain Helicon and the spring Aganippe,
the resort of the Muses; 3, Aonides -um, f. the
Mtises ; 4, AoniUS -a -um ('Aduos) belonging
to Aonia ; vertex, Helicon, Verg. ; vir, Hercules,
bom at Thebes, Ov. ; juvenis, Hippomenes, Ov. ;
dens, Bacchus, Ov. ; tons and aquae, Aganippe,
Ov. ; sorores, the Muses, Ov. ; vates, a poet, Ov.
Aornos -i, in. and f. (aopyos, without birds),
the lake of Avernus, Verg.
Aous -i, in. ('AcJos), a river in Illyria, now
Viosa or Vovussa.
apage, interj., aivay toith thee! be off! Ter.,
Plant.
Apamea and -la -ae, f. ('ATi-a^eia), 1, a town
of Syria on the Orontes, now Afamiah or Famit;
2, a town of I'hrygia on the Maeander ; 3, a
town of Bithynia. Adj., Apamensis -e and
Apamenus -a -um, belonging to Apainea.
Apelles -is, in. ('An-eMTJs), one of the greatest
Greek painters, friend of Alexander the Great.
Adj., Apelleus -a -um.
Apenninicola -ae, c. (Apenniuus and colo),
on inhabitant of the Apennines, Verg.
Apenninigena -ae, c. (Apenniuus and
giguo), one bom upon the Apennines, Ov.
Apenmnus -i, m. (connected with Keltic
Pen, a mountain-top), the chain of the Apennines,
a mountain range running dov . through the
centre of Italy.
aper, apri, m. a wild boar, Cic. ; prov., uno in
saltu duos apros capere, to kill two birds with
one stone, Plaut. ; apros immittere liquidis fon-
tibus, to do something absurd and perverse, Verg.
Aperantli -Orum, in. ('An-epajToi), a people
in northern Aetolia ; hence Aperantia -ae, f.
their country.
aperio -perui -pertum, 4. (ad-pario, from
root PAR, whence pario). I. to uncover, to lay
bare, to expose to view. A. Lit., caput, to un-
cover, Cic. B. Transf., occulta, to make known,
Cic; sententiain suam, to pronounce, Cic. ; casus
futures, to predict, Ov. ; refl., se aperire and
middle nperiri, to reveal one's true character;
studioque aperiinur in ipso, Ov. ; memet ipse
aperio quis sim, Liv. II. to open what was
shut, to unclose. A. Lit., fores, Cic. ; epistolam,
Cic. ; fundamenta tenipli, to excavate, Liv. ; fig.,
fontes eloquentiae, Cic. B. Transf., to open up
a country, render it accessible; Pontuni, Cic;
Syriam, Tac ; lociiin asylum, to throw open as
an asylum, Liv ; luduin, to open a school, Cic. ;
annum, to begin the year (poet., of the constella-
tion Aries, because, on the entry of the sun
into it the new year began for the farmer), Verg.
aperte, adv., with compar. and superl.
(apertus), a, openly; inentiri, Cic. ; b, without
concealment, straightforwardly; scribere, Cic. ;
diccie, Cic
aperto, 1. (intens. of aperio), to lay bare, Plaut.
apertus -a -um, p. adj., with compar. and
superl. (from aperio), open, uncovered. I. A.
Lit., aether, caelum, clear, Verg. ; naut. t.t,
naves, undecked, Cic; milit. t.t., undefended;
latus, humerus, unshielded, exposed, Cacs. B.
Transf. char, unconcealed, manifest; a, actio,
Cic ; apcrtum latrocinium, Cic. ; aportuni est,
it is clear, followed by ace. and iulin., ostsoaliquou
numen praestaiitissiniae mentis, Cic. ; in aperto
esse, (a), 'o be evident; quo ad cognoscenduin
omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto sint,
Sail.; (J3), to be practicable ; fessos hieme hostes
aggredi, Tac. ; b, of speech, clear, intelligible,
unconcealed; narratio aperta, Cic ; apertis or
apertissimis verbis, Cic. ; o, of character/rant,
itraightfurward, open ; animus, Cic. ; )ioi|io, Cjc.
II. unclosed, open, free, unhindered, accessible.
A. Lit., a, vastum atque apertum mare, Caes. ;
canipi ad dimicandum aperti, Liv. Subst.,
apertum -i, n. an open sj>ace ; in aperto castra
lucare, Liv.; b, milit. t.t., open; proelium, Liv.
B. Tian sf. 0j>cn, accessible', beate Vivendi via, Cic.
apex -icis, m. tlie top or summit. I. Gen.,
mentis, Ov. ; flammac, Ov. II. Esp., A. the
to}) of the conical cap of the Roman flamines,
hence the cap itself; lanigeri apices, Verg. ; api-
ceni Diulem alicui imponere, to make a person
flamen of Jove, Liv. ; also the tiara of eastern
kings and satraps, rcguiu apices, Hor. ; so lig.,
crown ; apex senectutis est auctoritas, Cic B.
a helmet, Verg. C. Grainm., the long mark over a
vowel, Quint.
aphaerema -atis, n. {afaCpepa), a coarse kind
of grits, Pliu.
Aphareus, -8i, m. ('A(papev's). I. a king of
the Mcsscnians, father of Lynceus and Idas; hence
Aphareius -a ■\un,bclougi>ig to Aphareus. II.
a Centaur, whose arm icas broken by Theseus at
the wedding of I'irithous.
aphractus -i, f. (a^pajcros), a long undecked
boat, Cic
Aphrodisia -orum, n. ('A^po^io-ia), thefesti-
vat of Aphrodite, Plaut.
Aphrodisias -adis, f. CAcf>poS«rias), name of
several towns ; 1, a town onthe borders of Phrygia
and Carta, now Gheira; hence Aphrodisien-
ses-ium, m. the people of Aphrodisias ; 2, a har-
bour in Cilicia, near Porto Cavaliere.
apiacus -a -um (apiuMi), like parsley, Cato.
apianus -a -um (apis), relating or belonging
to bees, Plin.
apiarius -ii, m. (apis), a bee-keeper, Plin.
apicai/US -a -um (apex), adorned with the
priest's cap, Ov.
Apicius -ii, m. re Roman name; M. Gabius
Apicius, a celebrated epicure in the time of
Tiberius.
Apidanus -i, m. (A-m&avos), a river in Thes-
saly, tributary of the Peneus.
apinae -a.rum, f. trifles, Mart.
Apiolae -arum, f. a toivn in Latium.
Apion-onis, m. surname of Ptolemaeus, king
of Gyrene.
1. apis -is, f. (girl's), a bee, Cic, Verg.
•2. Apis -is, ace. -im, in. ('Attis), a sacred bidl
of the Egyptians at Memphis. „
apiscor, aptus, 3. dep. I. to attain to, come
up to, reach; mare, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to lay
hold of, grasp, Lucr. ; 2, to attain to (the object
of one's desire), cujus (finis bonorum) apiscendi
causa, Cic. ; sunimum honorem, Liv. ; once in
Tac, with genit., dominationis.
apium -ii, n. parsley, Hor.
aplustre -is, n. (tykao-Tov), generally plur.
aplustria -mm, n. and aplustra •orum, n. the
carved stern of a ship, with Us ornaments, Lucr.
apocleti -orum, in. (an-djcAij-roi). the supreme
council of the Aetolian League, Liv,
apodyterium -i. n. (anohv-rgpiov), the dress-
ing-room in a bath, Cic
Apollo -Inis (-onis), in. (' \n6k\uv), Apollo, son
of .hipjiiter anil J.atoua, brother of Diana, god of
archery, music, poetry, prophesying, and the sun,
born at Delos ; hence, Deling vates, Verg. ; and
simply Delias, 'Cic. j ad Apollinis (se. aedem)
to the temple of Apollo, Liv. ; aperitnr Apollo,
the temple of Apollo becomes visible, Verg. ; pro-
lnontoiiuin Apollinis, a promontory north of
Utica, over against Sardinia, now Cape Zibib,
Liv,; hence, A. Adj., Apollinaris -e, sacred
Apo
4G
app
to Apollo ; ludi, games held in honour of Apollo on
the 5th of July, Cic Subst., Xpollinare -is,
n. a place sacred to Apollo, Liv.; B. Apollmous
-n -nm, pertaining to Apollo; orbs, Dclos, Ov. ;
proles, Aesculapius, Ov. ; vates, Orpheus, Ov. ;
an, prophecy or medicine, Ov.
Apollddorus -i, m. ('AiroAAdSMpot), 1, a
rhetorician nf I'ergamum, teacher of Augustus ; 2,
grammarian and mythological Writer of Athens,
about 140 B.c.
Apollonia -ae, f. CA7n>AAeun.'a), 1, citadel
near Navpactus, Liv. ; 2, town, in Illyria, now
Potom'a or Po/inn,Cic ; 8. town. i>t Macedonia, now
Foliwa, Liv. ; hence, a, Apollomatcs -ae, in.
an inhabitant of Apollonia ; b, Apolldnien-
Sis -e, belonging to Apollonia.
Apollonls -idis, f. ('AwoAAam'y), a town in
lydia; lience Apollonidonsis -e, belonging
to Apolhnis.
ApolldnlUS -li, m. OAn-oAAwvio?), 1, Apol-
ionius Alabandensis, Greek rhetorician, living
about 120 b.c. ; 2, Apollonius Molo, a Greek
rhetorician, living about 110 B.C. ; 3, Apollonius
Kliodius, author of the Argonautica ; 4, Apollo-
nius Tyaneus, philosoplier and magician inlst
cent. a.d.
apologus -i, in. (in-dAoyos), a narrative, a
fable, in the manner of Aesop, Cic.
apophoreta -drum, n. (i^o^dprjTo), presents
given to guests, especially at the time of the Satur-
nalia, Suet.
dpoproegrneria -oruin, n. plur. (anoirporiy
txtva), in the philosophy of the Stoics, that which
It to be rejected (opp. to proegmena), Cic.
apothoca -ae, f. (iiroBrjicn), a store-room,
magazine, especially for wine, Cic.
apparate, adv. with com par. (apparatus),
with much prejnratian, splendidly; opipare ct
apparate cderc et bibere, Cic.
apparatio -onis, f. (apparo), preparation,
popuf&riuni uiuncruni, Cic.
1. apparatus -us, m. (apparo). I. Alwtr.
a preparation, preparing; operis, Cic. ; belli, Liv. ;
IL Concr., preparation, i>rovision, equipment.
A. Gen. tenulculua, Cic. ; omnia apparatus op-
pugnandarum urbloni, Liv. ; plur. apparatus
regii, Cic. B. Esp. brilliant preparations,
lour, magnificence, j>omp; 1, Lit. pomp;
regiua, Cic; 2, Transf., of a speech, display,
; dixit causani illam nullo apparatu pure
ct dilucide, -Cic.
2. apparatus -a -tun, p. adj. with compar.
and auperL (from apparo), prejKircd, ready ; of
things, well supplied, sumptuous, splendid ; domus
apparatior, Cic.
appareo (ad-pareo) -iii -Hum, 2. to become
, to appear. I. Gen. A. Lit. equusmecum
deinersus nirsum appanUt, Cic. ; with dat. of
person, anguis ille, qui Sullao apparuit immo-
lanti, Cic. ; so of appearance before a court of
Justice, in his subselliis me apparere nollem,
Cic. ; of daylight, stars, kc, Tib. B. Transf.,
1, to be visible, to show itself, be manifest ; non
apparere labores nostros, Hor. ; 2, re's apparet
and apparet, with ace. and intin. or relafc, gen-
tence, it is rl^ir, plain, manifest, Cic. II. Esp. to
appear as a servant to some person in authority,
or deity, to serve; a, saevi in limine regis ap-
parent, Cic. ; b, to serve a magistrate, as lictor,
clerk, kc. ; with dat. of person, consulibus,
Liv. ; with dat. of thing, quaestioni, Cic.
apparlo, 3. to get, obtain, Lucr.
apparitio -onis, f. (appareo, Xo. II.). A.
A waiting upon, serving, Cic. B. Meton. plur.
= apparitores, servants, Cic,
apparitor oris, m. (appareo, No. IL), a ser-
rant ; esp. a puotic servant, e.g., a lictor, etc., Cic.
apparo (ad-pitro), 1. to prepare for, get ready
for, provide ; convivhun, Cic. ; bellum, iter, ludos,
Cic. ; crimina in oliquem, get tip charges, Cic. ;
foil, by intin., Caes.
appcllatio -onis, f. (1. appello), an address-
ing. I. with words, speaking to. A. Gen. banc
nactuaappellationia causam, Caes. B. Legal t.t.,
appeal; tribuiiorum, to the tribunes, Cic. ; II.
Of sounds. A. Pronunciation, litterarum, Cic.
B. Naming ; hence, melon. = nomen, name, title;
inanis, Cic. ; plur., regum appellationcs, Cic.
appellator -oris, m. (l. appello), an appel-
lant, Cic.
appellito 1. (freq. of 1. appello), to be occms-
tovied to name, Tac.
1. appello 1. (intens. of 2. appello). I.
to address, accost, with words. A. Gen. 1,
singulos appellare, Cic. ;. nominatim, Caes.; 2,
to ask a person to do something, to make a j>ro-
posed to a person; a, aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem
de proditione, Liv. ; b, legal t.t., to appeal to;
praetorem, Cic. ; tribunes, Liv. ; a praetore tri-
bunos, Cic. ; de aestimatione et solutionibus,
Caes. ; c, to apply to for payment ; aliquem de
pecunia, Cic. ; d, to sue ; cavendum est ne iisdem
de causis alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur qui-
dem, Cic. ; II. Of sounds, 1, to pronounce, lit-
tcras, Cic; 2, to name, entitle; aliquem sapientem,
Cic. ; appellata est ex viro virtus, Cic. ; (Scipio)
Africanus ob egregiam victoriam de Hannibale
Poenisque appellatus, Liv. ; hence, to mention by
name; quos idcirco non appello hoc loco, Cic. ;
aliquem nutu siguiticationeque, to make known,
Cic.
2. appello (ad-pello), -piili -pulsum, 3. to
drive to, bring to. I. Gen. A. Lit. turres ad
opera Caesaris, Caes. B. Transf., aninium or
menteni ad aliquid, to direct the mind to some-
thing; nientemadphilosophiam, Cic. II. Esp.,
Nautical t.t., to bring to lawl ; navem ail
rlpain, Cic. ; classem in inaulam, Liv. ; poet.,
aliquem, with dat., bine me digressus vest lis
Pens appulit oris, Verg. ; ]iass., appelli, of the
ship; navis appellitur ad villain, Cic; of the
persons in the ship, alios ad Sicilian! appulsoa
esse, Cic. ; refl., se appellcre, in portum classe,
Liv. ; absol., hue appellc, put in here, Hor.
appcndiciila -ac, f., (dim. of appendix), a
little addition, Cic.
appendix -Tcis, f. (appendo), an appendage,
addition, an appendix to anything; vidit enim
appendiceal animi esse corpus, Cic. ; appendices
Olcadum, smaller contingents, Liv.
appendo (ad-pendo), -pendi -pensum, 3. to
weigh to; auruni alicui, Cic. ; transf., non enim
ea verba me annumerare, pay out, like small
coin ; lectori putavi oportere, sed tamquam ap-
pendere, weigh out, like whole bars, Cic.
appetens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
super!, (from appeto), 1, desirous of; gloriae,
Cic. ; 2, desirous of gold, avaricious; homo uon
enpidus neque appetens, Cic
appetenter, adv. (appetens), greedily, Cic.
appetentia -ae, f. (appetens), desire, longing,
laudis, Cic.
appetltio -onis, f. (appeto), 1, grasping at,
Cic. ; 2. longing for, desire; with genit., princi-
patus, Cic.
appetitus -us, m. (appeto), a passionate
longing, passion, appetite; voluptatis, Cic.
appeto (ad-peto), -Ivi and -i: -Itum, 3. to
reach to. I. Gen. to grasp at. seize on; A. Lit.,
solem manibus, Cic ; haec enim ipsa sunt hon-
dabilia, salutari, appeti, to have their hands
App
47
app
kissed, Cic. B. Transf., to desire, seek ; regnum,
Cic. ; with infm., ut appetat animus aliquid
agere semper, Cic. II. Esp. A. to make for or
qo to a place, to go to, arrive at; Europam, Cic. ;
Blare terrain appetens, pressing on the land, Cic.
B. to attack; aliquem lapidibus, Cic; transf.,
ignomiuiis omnibus appetitus, Cic. C. to draw
near, of time ; dies appetebat Septimus, qucm
coustituerat, Cic.
1. Appia (Apia) -ae, f. a town in Thrygia ;
hence Appianus -a -um, of Appia, Appian.
2. Appia, fem. of Appius.
appingo (ad-pingo) -pinxi -pictum, 3. to paint
to, or upon. I. Lit. delphinum silvis, Hor. II.
Transf., to write in addition; aliquid novi, Cic.
Appius -ii, m., Appia -ae, f. a Roman
praenomen, common in the geus Claudia, v.
Claudius ; hence, 1, Appius -a -um, Appian ;
via, the celebrated road from. Rome to Capua,
afterwards extended to Rrundisium, constructed
a.u.c. 442 by the Censor, App. Claudius Caecus;
aqua, re conduit constructed by the same, Liv. ;
Appii Forum, v. forum ; 2, Appias -adis,
f. a, the statue of a nymph which stood at the
commencement of the above-mentioned aqueduct,
Ov. ; b, Appiades deae, statues in the temple of
Venus, which stood near this aqueduct, Ov. : 3,
Appianus -a -um, belonging to an Appius,
Appian; libido (of the Decemvir App. Claudius),
Liv.
Appietas -atis, f. the antiquity of the Appian
family, a word invented by Cicero to flatter Apphis.
applaudo (ad-plaudo) -plausi -plausum, 3.
I. Trans., to strike upon, to clap; cavis applauso
corpora palmis, Ov. II. Intrans. to applaud,
riaut.
applicatio -onis, f. (applico). I. inclination ;
animi, Cic. II. .jusapplicationis, therights spring-
ing from the relation of patron and client, Cic.
applicatus -a -um, p. adj. (from applico),
applied to, lying near, Varr.
applico (ad-plico), -avi -atum and -fii -itum,
1. I. to add to, apply to, place to or near, join to,
put to. A. Lit., a, se ad flammam, Cic. ; oscula
feretro, to kiss, Ov. ; ensem capulo tenus, to
drive in, Verg. ; milit. t.t., corpora corporibus,
to close up the ranks, Liv. ; b, in passive, esp.
in partic. perf., lying near, situated near, built
near; Leucas colli applicata, Liv. B. Transf.,
1, to connect; voluptatem ad honcstatem, Cic;
2, se ad and sc alicui, to attach oneself to ; se ad
aliquem quasi patronum, Cic. ; se ad alicu.jus
familiaritateiii, or amicitiam, or societatem, Cic.
II. to turn or direct towards. A. Lit. nautical
t.t., to steer a ship towards, to bring to land;
naves ad terrain, Caes. ; navem ad aliquem,
Cic; absol., to land; quocumque litore appli-
cuisse naves hostium audissent, Liv. B. Transf.,
to devote oneself to ; se ad eloquentiam, Cic. ;
(perf. applicui, only once in Cic. ; sup. appli-
citum and partic. applicitus not used by Cic).
apploro, 1. to lament, deplore, Hor.
appono (ad-pono). -pSsui -positum, 3. I. to
place near, to put to. A. Gen. gladium, Cic.
B. Esp., a, to serve, put on the table; patellam,
Cic. ; apposita secunda mensa, Cic. ; b, in
writing, to place near ; notam ad versum, or epis-
tolis, Cic. II. Transf. A. a, to appoint; cus-
todem me Tullio. Cic. ; b, to procure, suborn;
calumniatores, Cic B. to put to, add to; 1,
Gen., annos alicui, Hor. ; vitiis moduni, Cic. ;
lucro, reckon as a gain, Hor. ; 2, to add, by
way of command, aqua et igni interdictnm reo
appositumque, ut teneretur insula, Tac.
apporrectus -a -um (ad and porrigo), ex-
tended near, Ov.
apporto (ad-porto), 1. to carry, bring to;
lapidem, signa, Cic.
apposco (ad-posco), 3. toaskinaddilion, Hor.
apposite, adv. (appositus), appropriately,
appositely; <Iicere apposite ad pcrsuasionem, Cic.
appositus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from appono), placed, near. I. Lit.,
situated, ov lying mar ; castellum fluinini app.,
Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen., audacia tidentiae
non contrarium sed appositum et propinquum,
Cic. ; B. Esp., fit, appropriate, apposite; menses
appositi ad agendum, Cic. ; homo bene appositus
ad istius audaciam, Cic
appotus (ad-potus) -a -um, very drunk, Plaut.
apprecor (ad-prScor), l., dep. to worship,
pray to ; rite deos, Hor.
apprehendo (ad-prehendo) -prghendi -pre-
hensuin, 3. and poet, apprendo (ad-prendo)
-prendi -prensum, 3. to seize, lay hold of. I. Lit,
A. Gen., claviculis adminicula tamquam mani-
bus, Cic. B. Esp., to take possession of; His-
panias, Cic II. Transf., of discourse, to bring
forward, allege ; ut quidquid ego apprehenderam,
statim accusator extorquebat, Cic.
apprime (apprimus), adv., by far, above all,
exceedingly, Plant., Nep.
apprimo -pressi, -pressum, 3. (ad and pre-
1110), to press to ; dextram alicujus, Tac.
apprdbatio -onis, f. (approbo). I. appro-
bation, approval, assent, Cic. II. Esp., philo-
soph. t.t., proof; quae (propositio) uon indiget
approbatione, Cic.
approbator -oris, m. (approbo), one who
approves or assents ; profectionis meae, Cic.
approbe, adv. (ad and probus), very well;
ilium novisse, Plaut.
approbo (ad-pr6bo), 1. 1 ? to approve of, as-
sent to; consilium alicujus, Cic ; esp. of a deity,
to bless, approve of; quod actum est dii appro-
bent, Cic. ; 2, to prove, to establish; proposi-
tioncm app. et firmare, Cic.
appromitto (ad-promitto)-misi -missum, 3.
to promise in addition, i.e. to promise also in one's
own name, Cic
appropero (ad-prop8ro) -avi, atum, -are.
I. Trans., to hasten; coeptum opus, Liv.; II.
Intrans., to hasten ; approperate, Cic. ; appr. ad
cogitatum facinus, Cic.
appropinquatio -onis, f. (appropinquo),
approach; mortis, Cic.
appropinquo (ad-propinquo), 1. to ap-
proach, draw near. I. Of place, ad summam
aquam, Cic. ; with dat. januae, Liv.; Oceano,
Caes. II. Transf., a, of time, hierus appro-
pinquat, Caes. ; illi poena, nobis libertas appro-
pinquat, Cic. ; b, of persons, qui jam appropia-
quat ut videat, is near to seeing, Cic.
appugno (ad-pugno), 1. to. storm, assault;
castra, Tac.
Appulejus, or Apulejus»i, m. a Roman
name; 1, L. Appulejus Saturninus, tribune of the
people, 100 B.C. ; 2, a Roman writer, born about
130 a.d., at Madaura, in Africa. Adj., 1. Appu-
lejus -a -um, of or belonging to Appndejus ; lex
(Ae. majestate) introduced by the tribune Ap-
pulejus ; 2, Appulejanus -a -um, of or be-
longing to Appulejus.
Appulia, Apulia -ae, f. a country in the
south of Italy. Adj., a, Appulicus -a -um,
inare, Die Adriatic Sea, Hor. ; b, Appulus -a
-um, Apulian.
appulsus -fls, m. (2. appello). I. a driving
towards. A. an approach; quod pars earum
(regionum) appulsu solis exarserit, Cic. £, in-
apr
48
aqu
fluence produced by approach ; caloris, Cic. II.
landing on, landing; litorum, Liv.
apricatio -ouis, f. (npricor), a basking in the
sun, Cic.
apricitas -atis, f. (apricus), sunniness, sun-
shine, warmth, 1'lin.
aprlcor, 1., dep. (apricus), to sun oneself, Cic.
apricus -a -um, adj. with com par. and su-
perl. (for apericus, from aperiol I. Lit., Of
places, open to the sun, sunny; locus, Cic; in
apricum proferre, to bring to light, Hor. II.
Transf., loving the sun ; flores, Hor. ; mergi,
Verg. ; senes, Peis.
' Apr ills -e (aperio), Aprilis inensis or Sttbst.,
the month of April, Cic.
aprinus -a -um (apcr), relating or belonging
to a wild boar, Plin.
aprugnus -a -um (aper), belonging to a wild
boar, Plant.
Apsus -i, m. ("Ai//os), a river of Illyria, now
Berzatino.
aptatus -a -um(partic. of a.pto), fitted, appro-
priate, Cic.
apte, adv., witli compar. and superl. (aptus),
fitly, appropriately ; facere, dicere, Cic.
apto, 1. (intcns. of *apo), to fit to, adapt to,
adjust. I. Gen., corpori anna, Liv. ; enses dex-
teris, Hor. II. to prepare, get ready. A. Lit.,
nrma, Liv. ; classem velis, Verg. ; se annis,
Liv. B. Transf., to make fit or appropriate ; hoc
veibum est ad id aptatum quod, etc., Cic.
aptUS -a -uin, 1. (partic of obsolete verb,
*apo). I. Partic, 1, Lit., fastened to; gladius
e lacunari seta equina aptus, Cic.; 2, Transf.,
depending upon ; lionestum ex quo aptum est
ofticium, Cic. ; with abl. alone, rudentibus apta
fortuna, Cic. B. connected, joined, n''Ud ; 1,
Lit, a, omnia inter hc connexa ot apta, Cic;
b, prepared, equipped, fitted out ; omniasibi esse
au bellum apta et parata, Cic. ; caelum stellis
fulgentibus aptum, adorned with, Verg. ; 2,
Transf., Thncydides verbis aptus et pressus, Cic
II. Adj., with compar. and superl., suitable, ap-
propriate, fitting; with ad ami the ace, mititeB
minus apti ad hujus generis hostein, Cic ; id
pallium esse aptum ad ounie anni tempus, Cic. ;
with in and the ace, in quod (genus) minus apti
sunt, Liv. ; with dat., haec genera dicencli apti-
ora sunt adolescentibus, Cic. ; absol., verbis
quam maxime aptis, Cic.
apud (aput), prep., with ace. (root AP,
whence apo,, aptus, apud thus meaning being
fastened to, near to), at, near, by, with, chiefly
used of persons. I. Of nearness to persons,
1, apud aliquem sedere, near, Cic. ; plus apud
me antiquorum auctoritas valet, Cic ; hence
a^ apud me, at my house, Cic. ; apud §e esse
(fig.), to bs in possession of one's faculties,
tut. ; b, apud exercitum esse, to be serving
as a soldier, Cic ; 2, before, in the presence of;
apud judices, Cic. ; 3, with ; cousequi gratiam
apud bonos viros, Cic. ; hence, with — in the
time of; apud patres nostros, Cic. ; 4, of an
author, in the works of; apud Xenopliontem,
Cic. : 5, to ; apud aliquem queii, Cic II. Of
places, 1, in tlie neighbourhood of; apud Alyziam,
Cic. ; 2, at, in; apud villain, Cic
Apulejus, v. Appulejus.
Anulia, v. Appulia.
aqua -ae, f. (akin to Keltic arh and Sanscrit
apa = water), icater. I. Lit., A. water in the
broadest meaning of the word ; pluvia, Cic. ;
marina, Cic. ; plur., aquae dulces, Cic. ; special
phrases, a, aspeigerealieui aquam, to re-animate,
Plaut. ; b, aquam praebere, to entertain, Hor. ; c,
aqua et ignis, tit* necessaries of life ; non aqua, non
igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam ami-
c-itia, Cic. ; hence, (a) aqua et igni interdieere
alicui, Cic ; or aqua et. igni aliquem arcere, Tac ',
tobanish ; (0) aquam terramque petere orposcere
ah aliquo, to demand submission from the enemy,
a Persian custom, Liv. ; d, aqua barret, then is
a difficulty or a hitch, Cic. ; e, in aqua scribere,
to write in water, Cat. B. water in a narrower
souse ; 1, a, the sea; ad aquam, on the sea-coast.
Cic. ; b, «■ lake; Albanae aquae deductio, Cic. ,
C, a river ; secunda aqua, down stream, Liv. ; 2,'
rain, Hor.; 3, plur., aquae ; a, spring*, Verg. ;
b, hot medicinal springs; ad aquas venire, Cic. ;
hence as a proper name, Aquae Sextiae, &c ; 4,
of an aqueduct, aquam ducere non longe e villa,
Cic ; 5, water inthe water-clock; hence, aquam
dare, to give time, Plin. ; aquam perdere, to
lose time, Quint. ; 6, tears, Prop. II. Transf.,
Aqua, a constellation, Cic. poet.
aquaeductus -us, m. ;1, an aqueduct, Cic;
2, the right of conveying icater to a- place, Cic.
aqualiculus -i, m. (dim. of aqualis), a
small water-vessel ,'jhence, the belly, Pers.
aqualis -e (aqua), watery. Subst., aqualis
-is, c. a wash-boicl, Plaut.
aquariUS -a -um (aqua), belonging to water.
I. Adj., provincia, superintendence of the supply
of water, Cic. II. Subst., aquarius -ii, m. 1,
a. water-carrier, Juv. ; 2, an inspector of con-
duits-, ap. Cic ; 3, the constellation so called, Hor.
aquatlCUS -a -um (aqua). I. living in
water, aquatic; lotos, Ov. II. full of water,
watery; auster, bringing rain, Ov.
aquatilis -e (aqua), living or growing in the
water, Cic.
aquatio -onis, f. (aquor). A. A fetching of
water, t'aes. B. Meton., a place whence water
may be fetched, a watering-place, Plin.
aquator -oris, in. (aquor), a person that
fetches water, Caes.
aquila -ae, f. (perhaps fern, of aquilus), an
eagle. I. Lit, in mythology, the bearer of
the lightning of Jove, Cic. II. Transf., 1, an
eagle as the standard of each Roman legion, Cic. ;
Meton., a, a legion, Plin. ; b, the post of standard-
bearer, Juv. ; 2, the Eagle, a constellation, Cic. ;
3 ? plur. aquilae, the. eagle on the frotrt and. rear
of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which seemed
to support the gable, Tac.
Aquileja -ae, f. a town in the north of Italy,
now Aquileja or Aglar ; hence adj., Aquile-
jensis -e, of or belonging to Aquileja.
aquilifer -fen (aquila and fero), m. an eagle
or standard-bearer, Cic.
aquilinus -a -um (aquila), relating to an
eagle, Plant.
Aquilius -a -um, name, of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of which were—1, C.
Aquilius Gallus, friend of and colleague with
Cicero in the praetorship (C(i b.c), a, famous
orator and jurist ; 2, Aquilius Regulus, an in-
former under the empire ; hence, Aquilianus
-a -um, belonging to Aquilius.
aquilo -onis, in. (connected with aquilus,
the i. "nk stormy one); 1, the north wind, Cic ;
meton., the north, Cic. ; 2, Aquilo, as a myth.
person, husband, of Orithyia, father of (.'(dais and
Zctes.
aquHonalis, -e (aquilo), northern, Cic.
Aquilonia -ae, f. a town in the comitry of
tiie nirpini, now Carbonnra.
aquilonius -a -um, 1, northern, Cic. ; 2,
belonging to Aquilo (2); proles, Calais and Ztta.,
Prop.
aquilus -a -um, dark-coloured, blackish, Plaut.
Aqu
Aquinum -i, n. town inLatium, now Aquino.
Adj., Aquinas -atis, belonging to Aquinum.
Aquitani -orum, m. inhabitants of Aquita-
nia; hence Aquitania -ae, f. Aquitania, the
south-west part of Gaul, between the Garonne ana
the Pyrenees.
aquor, 1. dep. (aqua), to fetch water, Caes.
aquosus -a -am, adj. with eompar. and
superL (aqua), full of water, watery ; Orion,
Verg. ; Eurus, rain-bringing, Hor. ; mater,
Thetis, Ov.
aquula -ae, f. (dim. of aqua), a little water,
a small stream, Cic.
ara -ae, f. (connected with alpio, I raise); 1,
on elevation of earth, stone, &c. ; a, ara sepulcn,
a funeral pyre, Verg. ; 2, plur., arae, rocks,
Verg.; 3, a monument of stone; virtutis, Oic. ;
4, an altar; a, avam consecrare deo, Cic. ; pro
aris et focis, for hearths and homes, Cic. ; fig.,
a refuge, protection; legum, Cic; b, transf. a
constellation, Cic. poet.
Arabarches -ae, m. ('Apa/3apx>)s)> an Egyp-
tian magistrate, a superior tax-collector, Juv. ;
used sarcastically of Pompey (who by his con-
quests increased the tribute paid to Rome), Cic.
Arabes -urn, m. ("Apa0es), the inhabitants of
Arabia, the Arabs; hence, 1, Arabs -abis,
Arabian; 2, Arabia -ae, f. ('Apapi'a), the
country of Arabia, in the south-west of Asia, used
loosely for any country inhabited by nomadic
tribes akin to the Arabs ; 3, Arabicus -a -urn,
Arabian; 4, Arabius -a -urn, Arabian; 5,
Arabus -a -um, Arabian.
arabilis -e (aro), that can be ploughed, arable.
Plin.
Arachne, -es, f. ('Apix^vX <* Lydian maiden
who entered into a contest in spinning with Mi-
nerva and was turned into a spider.
Aradiis -i, f- ("ApaSos), a Phoenician town,
now Buad. Adj., Aradius -a -um.
aranea -ae f. (ipix^). 1» a spider; 2, the
spider's web, Plaut.
araneola -ae, f. (dim. of aranea), a little
spider, Cic.
araneolus -i, m. (dim. of aranea), a little
spider, Verg.
araneosus -a -um (aranea), 1, full of cob-
webs, Cat. ; 2, like a cobweb, Plin.
1. araneus -i, m. a spider, Lucr.
2. araneus -a -um, relating to a spider, Plin.
Subst, araneum -i, n. a cobweb, Phaedr.
Arar and Araris, -is, m. a river in Gaul,
the Saone.
aratio -onis, f. (aro). I. ploughing, agri-
culture, Cic. II. Meton., a ploughed field, Plaut. ;
esp., arationes = the public domains let at a rent
of one-tenth of their produce, Cic.
arator -oris, m. 1, a ploughman, a husband-
man, Cic.; appel.taurus.Ov.; 2,aratores, tenants
of the arationes, q.v., Cic.
aratrum -i, n. the plough; aratrum circum-
v ducere, Cic. ; aliqueni ab aratro arcessere, Cic.
Aratthus -i, in. ('Apon-flos). a river in Epirus,
now Aria.
Aratus -i, in. ("Aparos). I. n Greek poet, born
in Cilicia, whose astronomical poan *aii<op.era
was translated by Cicero. Adj., Aratcus and
Aratius -a -um, belonging to Aratus; carmine,
Cic. ; and absol., nostra quaedam Aratea,
Cicero's translation of the poem, Cic. II. a
celebrated Greek general, founder of tlie Achaean
j.eayue.
49 arc
Araxes -is, m. ('Apatrj?), a river in Armenia.
arbiter -tri, m. (from ar= ad, and bitere, to
go). I. a witness, spectator, hearer; locus ab
arbitris reinotus, Cic; remotis arbitris, Cic. II.
A. Legal t. t., an umpire, arbitrator; arbiter
litis, Cic ; aliquem arbitrum adigere, Cic ; arbi-
trum dare, Cic. ; sumere, Cic. ; esse in ahquam
rein arbitrum, Cic; ad arbitrum confugere, Cic. ;
uti aliquo arbitro, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a judge
of any matter; formae (of Paris), Ov. ; armorum,
Ov ; 2. ruler, lord, master; bibendi, Hor. ; Ad-
riae, the south wind, Hor. ; elegautiae, Tac
arbitra -ae, f. (arbiter) a female witness, Hor.
arbitrarius -a -um, depending on the will,
arbitrary, uncertain, Plaut.
arbitratus -us, m. approval, will, choice,
wish; tuo arbitratu, Cic. ; cujus arbitratu sit
educatus, Cic.
arbltrium -i, n. A. The umpire's decision ;
aliud est judicium, aliud arbitiium ; judicium
est pecuniae certae, arbitiium incertae, Cic B.
Transf . 1, any decision, judgment, free choice ;
arbitiium eligendi, Tac; libera arbitna de
alinuo agere, Liv. ; res ab opinioms arbitno
seiunctae, Cic. ; arbitria funeris, the expenses of
a' funeral, Cic; 2, might, mastery, authority;
arbitrio suo, Cic.
arbltror, 1. dep. (pass. Plant., Cic., arbitro,
Plant.). I. to hear, perceive, Plant, II. Transt.,
to express an opinion as witness, Cic ; hence, to
think, be of opinion ; qui se natos ad homines
juvandos uibitrantur, Cic. ; witli ace. and mfln.,
ut quisque minimum in se esse arbitraretur, Cic.
arbor (arbos) -5ris, f. a tree. A. Lit., tici, a
fig tree, Cic ; Jovls, the oak, Ov. ; PJioebi, tlie
laurel, Ov. ; Talladis, the olive, Ov. B. Meton.,
infelix, the gallows, Cic. ; mali, a mast, Verg. ;
arbor, an Bw , Verg. ; a ship, Pelias, the Argo, Ov.
arboreus -a -um, relating to trees, Verg. ;
corima, branching, Verg.
arbustum -i, n. (arbor), a plantation, a vine-
yard planted with trees, Cic.
arbustus -a -um, full of trees; ager, Cic.
arbuteus -a -um, relating to the arbutus, Ov.,
Verg
arbiitum -i, n . , 1, the fruit of the wijd straw-
berry or arbutus tree, Verg. ; 2, the wild straw-
berry tree or arbutus, Verg.
arbutus -:, f. the wild strawberry or arbutus
tree, Verg.
area -ae, f. (root ARC, whence also arceo). I.
a chest, box. A. Gen., Cic. B. Esp. , a, ,o co#u,
Liv. ; b, money coffer, Cic. ; meton. = the money
in the coffer; arcae nostrae confidito, Cic. II.
a cell for close imprisonment, Cic.
Arcadia -ae, f. (ApuaSla), a country of the
Peloponnesus. Adj., 1, Arcadius -a -um ; 2,
Arcadicus -a -um ; deus, Pan, Prop. ; ju-
venis, a simpleton, Juv. ; virgo, Arethusa, Ov. ;.
3 Areas -adis, tyraniius, Lycaon, Ov. Subst.,
Areas -adis, Mercury, Mart. ; Arcades -um,
in. the Arcadians, Cic.
arcano, adv., secretly, Cic.
arcanus -a -um (area, arceo), 1, silent;
homo, Plaut, ; nox, Ov. ; 2, secret, Cic.;_arcana
consilia, Liv. ; sacra. Ov. Subst., arcanum
-i, n. a secret, Liv., Juv.
Arc&S -adis, m. ('Ap«cas), son of Jupiter and
Callisto, placed in the heavens as the star Arcto-
phylox.
arceo -ctfi, 2. (root ARC, whence area). I. to
shut in, shut up ; alvus arcet et continet quod
red pit, Cic. II. A. to prohibit access to, to keep
at a distance, to hinder, prevent ; copias hostium,
Cic ; followed by ne with subj., Liv. ; with ttia
Arc
50
ard
ace. and ab with the abl., aliquem ab urbe, Cic;
with the ace. and abl. alone, hostem Gallia,
Cic. ; with dat, Verg. B. to protect from; ali-
qipin periclis, Verg.
Arocsilds -fie, in. ('Ap^eo-iAn?) and Arces-
ilnus -i, in. ('Ap(ct<Ti'Aao5), a Greek philosopher
of Vitanc in Aeolia (:U(i-241 B.C.), founder of the
Middle Academy.
Arcesius -ii, m. ('ApiceArto?), father of
Laertes, and gram/father of Ulysses.
arcessltor -oris, m. one who calk or fetches,
Plin.
arcessitUS, abl. -ii, m. calling for, summons;
ipsius rogatu arcessituque, Cic.
arcesso (accerso) -Ivi -itum, 3. (accedo),
to fetch or call to a place, to summon, I. Gen.
A. Lit, aliquem litteris Capua, Cic. ; aliquem
in senatum, Cic. ; sacra ab exteris uationibus
asciscere et arcessere, Cic. B. Transf., of a
thought, to bring, derive; argumentum usque a
eapite, Cic. ; hence arcessitus, strained, far-
fetched; dictum, Cic. II. Esp. 1, to bring the
dead from the lower world, Verg. ; 2, to bring
the bride to the bridegroom's house, Ter. ; 3, legal
t. t., to summon, bring before a court of justice ;
aliquem judicio capitis, Cic. ; aliquem capitis, Cic.
Archelaus -i, m. ('ApWAaos). I. a Greek
philosopher of Miletus. II. King of Macedonia
from. 413 B.C., friend, of Euripides. III. General
of Mithridates. IV. Son of III., husband of
Berenice. V. the grandson of IV., the last king
of Cappadocia.
archetypus -a -urn (apx«'™;ros), original,
Juv.
Archias-ae, m. ('Apx<as). I. Aulus Licinius,
a Greek poet of Antioch, defended by Cicero. II.
a celebrated cabinet-maker, hence Archlacus
•a -urn, of or belonging to Archias. --■
archigallus -i, m. a high priest of Cybele,
Din.
ArchilocIlUS -i, 111. ('Apxt'Aoxos), a Creek
satiric poet, inventor of imnliic verse. Adj.,
Archil<5ciiiu3 -a -urn, Archilochian ; appel.,
sharp, biting, Cic.
archimagims -i, m. (apx^oycipos), head
cook, Ov.
Archimedes -is, m. CApxi/i^t)?), celebrated
mathematical and mechanical philosopher, killed
on the capture of Syracuse by Marcellus (212 B.C.).
archimimus -i, m. (apxitit-e-os), chief mime
or buffoon, Suet.
archiplrata -ae, m. (apxi7reiprmj?), chief
pirate, Cic.
archltectdn -finis, m.(apxiTeKTwi'), 1, master-
builder, Plant. ; 2, a master in cunning, Plant.
archltector, 1. dep. A.tobuild. B. Transf.,
to devise, to prepare, provide ; voluptates, Cic.
architecture -ae, f. architecture, Cie.
architectus -i, m. (apx'TtKTwi'), 1, cm archi-
tect, master-builder ; architecti opcrum, Cic. ; 2,
Transf., an inventor, author, maker ; hujus legis,
Cie. ; quasi arch, beatae. vitae, Cic.
archon -ontis, m. (apxwv), an. nrchon, one
of the chief magistrates of Athens, Cie.
Archytas -ae, m. CApx^™?), a philosopher
of Tarentvm (about 400-305 b.c).
arcitenens -entis (arcus and teneo), holding
the bow, epithet of Apollo and Diana, Verg., Ov.
arct . . . = art . . . q.v.
Arctos -i, f. (apKTo;), 1, the great and little
bear, Verg., Ov. ; juncta Aquilonibus Arctos, the
North Pole, Ov. ; opacain cxeipere Arcton, to be
towards the North, Hor. ; 2, the night, Prop.
Arctous -a -urn (dpKTwos) belonging to the
north pole, northern, Mart,
Arcturus -i, m. (apxTovpos), 1, the brightest
star of the constellation Bootes, Cic. ; 2, Bootes,
Verg.
arcuatus -a -nni (partie. of arcuo), bent like
a bow, curved; currus, Li v.
arcula -ae, f. (dim. of area), 1, a casket for
money, jewels, or perfume; arculae inulicbrcs,
Cie.; 2, Transf., rhetorical ornament; omnes
(Isocrati) discipulorum arculae, Cic.
arcularius -i, m. a casket maker, Plant.
arcuo, 1. to beiul or shape like a bow, Plin.
arcus -us, m. I, <i bow ; a, arcum intendere,
Cic. ; adducere, Verg. ; arcus Haemonii, the con-
stellation Sagittarius, Ov. ; b, the rainbow, Cic. ;
C, an arch, vault, triumphal arch, Suet. II.
Transf., 1, anything arched or curved, Verg.,
Ov. ; 2, a mathematical arc, Sen. ; the parallel
circles which bound the zones of the earth, Ov.
1. ardea -ae, f. a heron, Verg.
2. Ardea -ae, f. ('ApSe'a), town of the Rutuli,
inLatium. Adj., a, Ardeas -atis, b, Arde-
atinus -a -urn, of or belonging to Ardea.
ardelio -onis, m. a busybody, Mart.
ardens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (ardeo), hot, glowing. A. Lit., lapides,
Liv. B. Transf., a, of the eyes, glowing ; oculi,
Verg. ; b, of colour, glittering ; apes ardentes
anro, Verg. ; c, of wine, strong, fiery; Falernum,
Hor. ; d, of passions, &c, burning, eager, hot;
odium, Liv. ; avaritia, Cic. ; ardentes in aliquem
litterae, Cic. ; ardentes equi, spirited. Verg. ; e,
of oratory, fiery ; orator, Cic. ; oratio', actio, Cic.
ardenter, adv., with compar. and superl.
(ardens), hotly, violently ; cupere, Cic.
ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2. tobum, glou; be on fire.
I. Lit., faces, Cic. ; donius, Cic; marearsit eo
anno, Liv. ; jam proximus ardet Ucnlegon, the
house of u., Verg. ; ardent altaria, Verg. II.
Transf., 1, oftlie eyes, to glow, Cic; 2, of colours,
to flash, sparkle, glow; ardebat mnrice lacna,
Verg.; 3, of feelings, a, of the body, qtumi omnes
art us ardcro vidercntur, fie in pain, Cic; b,
of the mind, amore, dolore, furore, Cie. ; arderc
in proelia, eagerly to desire fight, Verg. ; esp. in
poets, to burn with love; ardere aliqua or in
aliqua or aliqnam, Hor., Verg., Ov. ; ardere
invidia, to he heated, Cie. ; c, of conspiracies,
wars, ivc, to burst out; quum arderct conjn-
ratio, Cic. ; quum arderet Syria bello, be in a
state of excitement, Cie.
ardcdla -ae, f. (dim. of ardea), a heron, Plin.
ardesco, arsi, 3. (inch, of ardeo), to take fire,
kindle. I. Lit., arsi d ai undo, Verg. II, Transf.,
I, to glitter ; fulmineis ignibus ardescunt undae,
Ov.; 2, of the passions, to become inflamed;
tuendo, Verg. ; libidinibus, Tae.
ardor -oris, m. flame, burning, heat. I. Lit.,
solis, Cic. II. Transf., 1, the glow of the eyes,
oculorum, Cic. ; 2, gleam, glimmer; stellarum,
Cie. ; 3, of the feelings or passions, ardour,
fierceness; cupiditatum, Cin. ; animorum et ar-
mornm, Cic. ; pugnandi,/orj?f?7i/>?if7, Liv. ; with
ad and the ncc, mentis ad gloriam, Cic. ; ad
helium armaqne, Liv. ; esp. the. passion of love,
Ov. ; virginis, for a maiden, Ov.
Arduenna -ae, f. a forest in Gallia Belgica,
now the forest of Ardennes.
ardiius -a -van, adj. with compar. and
superl. (root AT?, Gr. AP, whence area. SpaO,
steep. I. Lit., A. collis, Liv. ; ascensus diili-
cilis atque arduus, Cic. Subst., ardiium -i,
n. a steep place ; per ardmun dueuntur, Liv. B.
Poet., lofty; aether, Ov. ; nubes, Hor.; sese
arduus infert (Turnns), with proud mien, Verg.
II, Transf., difficult to undertake or reach; res
are
61
arg
arduae ac difficiles, Cic. ; avduum videtur, or est
followed by infin., Sail., Liv. Subst., arduum
-i, n. what is difficult to accomplish, Hor., Ov.
area -ae, f. (Root Alt, Gr. AP, whence
arduus and apai), a high-lying open space, surface.
1. Gen. collemque super planissima eampi area,
Ov. II. Esp., 1, an open sjxt.ee in a town, Liv. ;
2, a site for a house, Cic. ; 3, tlie court-yard, Liv. ;
4, threshing-floor, Cic. ; 5, the part of the circus
where the games were held; lig., sphere, scope, Ov.
arefacio -feci -factum, 3. to make dry, Lucr.
Arelate, n. and Arelas -atis, f. town in
Gcdlia Narbonensis, now Aries. Adj., Xrelat-
ensis -e.
Aremoricus -a -uni (from Keltic are = on,
and mor = sea), lying on the sea; civitates, Gallic
states on the coast of the English Channel.
arena -ae, f. sand. I. Lit., saxa globosa
arenae immixta, Liv. ; arenae carae, the sands of
Pactolus, Ov. ; prov., arenae mandare semina, to
sow the sand, of a fruitless work, Ov. II. Meton.,
1, a sandy place ; arenam aliquant aut paludes
einere, Cic. ; 2, the sea-shore; optata potiri
arena, Verg. ; 3, the arena in the amphitheatre
(covered with sand) ; promittere operas arenae,
Tac. III. Transf., the scene of any contention or
struggle, Plin. ,
arenarius -a -um, relating to sand, sandy-
Subst., arenaria -ae, f. (sc. fodina), a sand
pit, Cic.
arenosus -a -um, sandy, Verg. .
arena -entis, p. adj. (areo), dry. I. Gen.
rivus, Verg. II. dry with thirst ; ora, Ov. ;
poet, sitis, Ov.
areo, 2. A. to be dry ; aret ager, Verg. B.
Esp., to be dry with thirst, Liv.
areola -ae, f. (dim. of area), a little open
spate, Plin.
Areopagus -i, m. ('Apeios n-ayos), Mars'
hill at Athens, upon which the court called Areo-
2xigus held its sittings, Cic. ; hence, Areopa-
gites -ae, in. a member of the court, Cic.
Ares -is, m. ("Apr)?), the Greek god of war,
appell., a warrior, Plant.
aresco, 3. (inch, of areo), to become dry; cito
arescit lacrima, Cic.
Arestorides -ae, in. (Apeo-Topi'Sijs), a de-
scendant of Arestor, i.e., Argus, his son.
aretalogUS -i, m. (<ipei-aA.dyos), a babbler
about virtue, a kind of philosophical buffoon, Juv.
Arethusa -ae, f. ('Ape9ovo-a), a fountain in
the island of Ortygia at Syracuse; myth, a Nereid
beloved by the river Alpheus, who dived tinder the
sea in pursuit of her. Adj. , 1, Arethusis -Wis ;
2, Arethusius -a -um, of or belonging to Are-
thusa.
Areus a -um, relating to Mars ; judicium,
the Areopagus, Tac.
ArganthoniUS -li, m. ('Apyapflwvios), a king
of Tartessus, v>ho lived to a great age.
Argei -orum, m. 1, chapels of local deities in
Borne; 2, figures of men, thrown into the Tiber
every year on the Ides of May.
Argentanum -i, n. a town in Sruttium,
now Argentino.
argentarius -a -um, 1, relating to silver;
inetalla, silver mines, Plin. ; 2, relating to money ;
Tnopia, Plaut. ; taberna, a banker's stall, Liv.
Subst., A. argentarius -li, m. a money-
changer, banker, Cic. B. argentaria -ae, f.
1, (sc. taberna), a banker's office, Liv. ; 2, (sc.
ars), a banker's trade, Cic; 3, (sc. fodina), a
tilver mine, Liv.
argentatuS -a -um, 1, ornamented with
silver; milites, with silvered shields, Liv. ; 2,
provided with money, Plant.
argenteus-a-uin, I. l,mculeof silver ; nquila,
Cic. ; minimus, Varr. ; denarius, Plin. ; or simply
argenteus, Tac. ; 2, ornamented or covered with
silver; scena, Cic. ; 3, of the colour of silver ;
anser, Verg. II. Transf., belonging to the Silver
Age; proles, Ov.
argentifodina -ae, f. a silver mine, Varr.,
Plin.
argentoSUS -a -um, full of silver, rich in
silver, Plin.
argentum -i, n. (apy>js), silver ; I. signatum,
stamped with a pattern, Cic. ; II. Esp., 1, silver
plate, Cic. ; 2, silver coin, and generally money,
Cic, Liv.
Argiletum -i, n. a part of Rome where were
many booksellers' shojis. Adj., Arglletaiius -a
-um, o/or belonging to Argiletum.
argilla, -ae, f. (apycAAos), white clay, potter's
clay, Cic
argillaceus -a -um, clayey, of clay, Plin.
Arginussae (Arginusae) -arum, f. fAp-
yivovcro-ai), islands on the coast of Aeolis, scene of
a naval victory of the Athenians over the Spartans.
Argo -us, f. CApyd), the ship Argo, in which
many Greek heroes sailed to Colchis, under Jason,
to fetch the Golden Fleece. Adj., ArgOUS -a -um.
Argonautae -arum, m. (ApyovaiiTai), the
Argonauts, the heroes who sailed in the Argo.
Argos, n. and Argi -drum, m. I. the capital
of Argolis, a country of the Peloponnese. Adj., A.
ArgOUS a -um. B. ArglVUS -a -um, Argivc;
augur, Amphiaraus, Hor. ; plur. subst., Argivi
-orum, and poet, -um, m. the Argives. C. Ar-
golis -idiij, f. 1, Adj., Argolic; 2, Subst., the
district Argolis ; hence adj., ArgollCUS -a-um,
Argolic. II. Argos Aniphilocliium, a town in
li pirns. . .
argumentatio -onis, f. the bringing forward
of a proof ; argumentatio est expliwitio argu-
ment^ Cic.
argiimentor, 1, dep. X. Intransit. to bring
forward a proof ; quid porro argumenter, qua dc
re dubitare nemo possit, Cic. II. Transit, to
allege as a proof, Liv.
argumentum -i, n. (arguo), 1, an argument,
proof, Cic. ; afferre argumenta, Cic. ; multis argu-
ment-is deos esse docere, Cic. ; argumenta atque
indicia sceleris, Cic. ; 2, subject, contents, matter;
a, epistolae, Cic. ; b, subject of a drama; fabulae,
Ter. ; c, a drama itself; explicare argumenti
exitum, Cic. ; d, subject of a work of art, ex ebore
diligentissime perfecta argumenta'erant in valvis
(bas-reliefs), Cic.
arguo -ui -utuin, 3. (connected with dpyds),
to put in clear light. I. Gen. A. Lit. to main-
tain, prove; speculatores non legatos venisse,
Liv. B. Transf., to betray, prove; degenercsani-
mos timor arguit, Verg. ; laudibus arguiturvini
vinosus Hoinerus, Hor. II. Esp. A. to charge,
accuse, expose, convict; with gen., summi sceleris,
Cic. ; with abl., hoc crimine tc non arguo, Cic. ;
with double ace, id quod me arguis, Cic ; with
infin., Piosciusarguituroccidissepatrem.Cic. B.
to censure, complain of; culpa, quam arguo, Liv.
Argus -i, m. ("Apyot), the hundred-eyed guar-
dian of lo, slain by Mercury.
argutatio -onis, f. a rustling, Cat.
argute, adv., with compar. and superb (ar-
gutus), sagaciously, acutely ; callide arguteque
dicere, Cic
argutiae -iiruin, f. 1, liveliness, animation;
digitorum, quick movement of the fingers, Cic ;
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arg
02
arm
2, a, cleverness, subtlety, sagacity ; hujus orationcs
tantuin argutiaruin, tantum urban itatis habent,
Cic. ; b, in a Had sense, running, quibbling, Cic.
argutor, l. dep. to chatter, riaut.
argutiilus -a -uin, somewhat acuta ; libri, Cic.
argutus -a -imi, ]>. adj. with corapar. and
superl. (arguo), 1, in relation to the senses : a,
to the eye, expressive, lively; manus, oculi, Cic. ;
b, to t lie ear, piercing, penetrating, shrill; hir-
uudo, Verg. ; forum, noisy, Ov. ; poeta, melodious,
Hor. ; 2, relating to the mind, a,, significant,
dear; of omens, argntissiina exta, Cic. ; b, of
the understanding, o, in a good snise, sagacious,
acute; argutus orator, Cic. ; /3, in a bad sense,
sly, cunning; meretrix, Hor.
argyraspides -pldum, m. (apyvpao-n-iSes),
name of a picked corps in the Macedonian army,
the xvearers of the silver shield, Liv.
Ariadna -ae, & Ariadne -cs, f. (Ap'dSvn),
daughter of Minos awl Pasiphae, who helped
Theseus to slay the Minotaur, but was deserted by
him and then beloved by Bacchus.
Ariarathes -is, m. CApiapidty;), name of
seivral kings of Cappadocia.
Aricia -ae, f. town in Latium at the foot of the
Alban Mount. Adj. Ariclnus -a -urn, belong-
ing to Aricia.
aridulus -a -urn (dim. of aridus), somewhat
dry, Cat.
aridus -a -una, adj. with compar. and superl.
(areo), dry, arid. I. Lit., 1, folia, Cic. ; poet.
Bonus, a dry, crackling sound, Verg. ; 2, dry
with thirst ; viator, Verg. ; 3, shrivelled, fteshless;
crura, Ov. ; absol., exsierati atque aridi, Cic.
Subst., aridum -i, n. dry ground; naves in
ariduin subducere, Caos. II. Transf., 1, of
niauner of living, poor, meagre; vi'-vCic. ; 2,
intellectually dry, jejune; genus orationis, Cic. ;
3, avaricious, Ter.
aries -6tis, m. (apnv, appnf). I. Lit. a ram,
Cic. II. Transf. A. a battering ram, Caes. B.
a prop, beam, Caes. C. one of the signs of the
. Cic.
arietatio -onis, f. a butting like a ram, Sen.
arleto, 1. to butt like a ram, Verg.
Arimlnura -i, n. toivn and river in Umbria.
Adj., Arlminensis -e, belonging to Ariminum.
Ariobarzanes -is, m. (' Apio/3apfanjs), name
of several Icings of Cappadocia, and of one of Ar-
menia.
Arion or Alio -onis, in. CApiW). I. Myth,
a harp-player, saved from drowning by a dolphin.
Adj., ArioniUS -a, -urn, belonging to Arion.
II. a Pythagorean philosopher, contemporary of
Plato.
AriovistUS -i, m. a German prince, conquered
by Caesar.
Arisba -ae, and Arisbe -cs, f. CApio-pn),
town in the Troad.
arista -ae, f. I. A. the point of an car of
com, Cic. B. Meton., Me car itself, Verg. II.
Transf., bristly hair, Pers.
Aristaous -i, m. CAp'<rT(itos), son of Apollo
Cyrene, legendary introducer of bee-keeping.
Arlstarchus -i, m. ('ApioTapvo.;), a cele-
brated grammarian and critic of Alexandria ;
appell. " seuere critic, Cic.
Aristidcs -is, in. ('Apio-m'SiiO, L a celebrated
Athenian statesman and genera!, rind of Themis-
II. a poet of Miletus.
AristippilS-i, in. ('Apto-runr-os), a philosopher
of Cyrene (about :iS0 n.r.) founder of the Cynic,
school. Adj., Aristippcus-a-uin, of uv belong-
ing to Aristipjms.
Aristo and Arlston -onis, m. ('Api'crTwi'), rt
philosopher of Chios, pupil of Zeno, contemporary
with Caesar; hence adj., Aristoiicus -a -uin,
of or belonging to Aristo.
Aristodcmus -i, m. ('Ap«rTdfi>)/i<K). I. n
tragic actor at Athens. II. a tyrant of Cumae in
Campania, about 502 b.c.
arisbolochia -ae, f. (api.o-To\o\ia), a plant
useful in childbirth, Cic.
Aristophanes -is, m. ('Apio-Toi/jan;?). I. the
great Athenian comic dramatist. Adj., Aristo-
phaneus -a -urn, of or relating to Aristophanes.
II. a celcbratedgrammarian, pupil of Eratosthenes.
Aristoteles -is and -i, in. ('Apio-TOTeAr)?),
the celebrated Greek philosopher, founder of the
Peripatetic school. Adj., Aristotcleus -a -uin,
of or relating to Aristotle.
arithmetica -ae and -e -es, i. (apifyiijTiioj,
se. xe'xn)), arithmetic, Sen.
arithmetica -drum, n. arithmetic, Cic,
aritudo -inis, f. dryness, Plaut.
arma -orum, n. (Root Alt, Greek AP, cf. ri
apixeva), tools, implements. I. Gen., anna eques-
tria, the fittings of a horse, Liv. ; cerealia, im-
plements for grinding anil baking corn, Verg. ;
building tools, Cic. II. implements of war. A.
In the broadest sense, Liv. B. In a narrower
ineaning,i/e/e)!sifea»*»uji(r(tela, offensive weapons),
1, Lit. anna his imperata, galea, clypeum, ocreae,
loriea, omnia ex acre, Liv. ; arma capere, BUUiere,
Cic. ; ad arma ire, Cic. ; anuis deccrtare or de-
cernere, Cic. ; in armis esse or stare, to be under
arms, Liv. ; CLmilia habere in armis, Liv. ; anna
deponere,Liv. ; tradere, Liv. ; ad arma " to arms,"
Caes. ; 2, Meton., war; arma eivilia, Cic; 3,
military power ; Komana arma ingruere, Liv. I
4, soldier; levia, light-armed troops, Liv.; 5j
Fig. defence; arma prudentiae, Cic.
armamenta -orum, n. implements, tackle;
esp. of a ship, vela armamentaque, Caes.
armamentarium -i, n. aw armoury, Cic.
armariolum -i, n. (dim. of armarium), a
little cupboard, Plaut.
armarium -i, n. a cupboard, chest, Cic.
armatura -ae, f. A. equipment, armour;
Numidae levis armaturae, light-armed, Caes\ B.
Meton., armed soldiers; armatura levis, light-
armed troops, Cic.
1. armatus, abl. -u, m. armour. A. Lit.,
hand dispari armatu, Liv. B. Meton., armed
troops; gravis, heavy-armed troops, Liv.
2. armStus -a -uin, p. adj. with superl.
(armo), armed, equipped. A. Lit., armatus toga-
tusquc, both in war crnd in peace, Liv. ; armatae
classes, Verg. B. Transf., erat incredibili arma-
tus audacia, Cic.
Armenia -ae, f.^ ("Apfievia), a country in
Asia; hence, Armenius -a -uin. A. Adj.,
Armenian. B. Subst., an, Armenian.
armentalis -e, belonging to a herd; cquae,
Verg.
armentum -i, n. cattle living in herds ; Esp.
oxen and horses; 1, sing, collective, a herd ; Pan
erat anneuli custos, Ov. ; 2, plur., oxen ; greges
arnientontm reliquique pecons, Cic.
armifer -fcra-fenini(arnia and fcro), bearing
arms, in* r like, ( (v.
armiger -gSra -gerum (arma and gero), bear-
ingarms, Subst., a, armiger -geri, sn. an armour-
bearer, Cic. ; Jovis, the eagle, Verg. ; Catilinac,
adherent, Cic. ; b, armigera -ae, f. a female ar-
monr-bem-er, Ov.
armilla -ae, f. a bracelet, worn by both meti
and women, Cic,, Liv.. •
arm
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art
armillatus -a am, adorned with a bracelet,
Suet. ; canes, wearing a collar, Prop.
arrailustrium -i>, n. (anna ami lustro), a
festival at which arms were consecrated, celebrated
at a spot in Rome called Arniilustrinn.
armipotens -entis, mighty in arms, warlike;
Mars, Verg. ; diva, Minerva, Verg.
armisonus -a -urn, resounding with arms,
Verg.
armo, 1., 1, to provide with implements, to
equip ; naves, Caes. ; 2, to arm, prepare for
battle; a, aliquem iurcmpublicam, Cic. ; milites,
Caes. ; servum in or contra dominum, Cic. ;
equum bello, for battle, Verg, : gladiis dextras,
Liv. ; b, transf. to supply, arm; niultitudhiem
auctoritatc publica, Cic. ; se eloquentia, Cic.
armoraeia -ae, f. (-cium -ii, n.), horse-radish
(cochlearia armoracia, Linn.), Plin.
armus -i, m. (ip/nds), 1, the shoulder-blade ;
latos liuic liasta per annos treniit, Verg. ; in
animals, the shoulder ; ex linmeris armi hunt,
Ov. ; 2, the side of an animal, Verg.
Amus -i, in. ("Appos), the chief river of
Etruria, now tlie Arno. Adj., Arnlciisis, -e.
aro, 1. (apduj), to plough. A. Lit., 1, ararc
terrain et sulcum altius imprimere, Cic. ; prov.,
non profecturis litora bubus aras, to labour use-
lessly, Ov. ; 2, to farm, cultivate; Falerni mille
fundi jngera, Hor. ; absol., cives Romani qui
arant in Sicilia, tenants of the domain-lands,
(cf. aratio), Cic. B. Transf., 1, to furrow,
wrinkle; rugae quae tibi corpus areut, Ov. ; 2,
of ships, to plough the sea; vastummaris aequor,
Verg.
Arpi -drum, m. a town in Apulia. Adj.,
Arpmus -a -urn, of or belonging to Arpi,
Arpinum -i, n. a town in Lativm, birthplace
of Cicero and Marius. Adj., Arpinas -atis,
ArplllUS -a -Uin, of or belonging to Arpinum.
arquatus, v. araiatua.
arra, v. arrha.
arrectus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. (from
arrigo), steep, Liv.
arrepo (ad-repo), -repsi, -reptum, 3. to creep
to, to glide gently to ; quibus rebus nou sensini
atque moderate ad amicitiam adrepserat, Cic.
Arretium -ii, n. a town in Etruria, birth-
place of Maecenas.
arrha -ae, f., and arrhabo -onis, m. earnest
uwney, Plant., Ter.
arrideo (ad-rideo), -mi -nsum, 2. tolaughto;
I. to laugh with; ridentibus arrident, Hor. II.
to laugh at, either in approval or ridicule. A. Lit,,
with dat. of pers., vix notis familiariter arridere,
Liv. ; with ace. of the thing, video quid arriseris,
Cic. B. Transf., a, to be favourable ; quum tem-
pestas arridet, Lucr. ; b, to please ; "inhibere"
illud tuum quod milii valde arriserat, Cic.
arrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (ad and rego). A. to
erect, lift up; aures, comas, Verg. B. Transf.,
a, to excite ; arrexere animos Itali, Verg. ; b, to
encourage, animate ; aliquem oratione, Sail.
arripio -rYptii -reptum, 3. (ad and rapio). I.
to seize on, lay hold of, snatch. A. Gen. anna, Liv. ;
cilmm unguium tenacitate, Cic. ; aliquem manu,
Liv. ; tabulamdenaufragio, Cic ; cohortes arrcp-
tas in urbeiu induccre, Liv. ; terrain velis, tu sail
quickly to, Verg. B. Transf., a, to sei:<: upon, ap-
propriate, take; faeultatem laedendi, quaecuinque
detur, Cic. ; maledicta ex trivio, Cic. ; b, to
comprehend quickly; eelcriter res Innuincrabiles,
Cic. ; litteras Graecas, take to with zeal, Cic. ;
II. to seize with violence ; a, of diseases, &c,
dolor, qui sinnil arripuit interflcit, Cic. ; b,
legal t.t. to drug before a tribunal, accuse, Cic. ;
C, transf., to satirize; primores popull popu
lumque, Hor.
arrfsor -oris, m. one who smiles approvingly,
ajlatterer, Sen.
arrodo (ad-rodo) -rosi -rosuni, 3. to gnaw at ;
mures Antii coronam auream arrosere, Liv. ; fig.,
ut ilia ex vepreculis extracta nitedula rempubli-
cam conaretur arrodere, Cic.
arrogans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl.(tromarrogo) l a.s , s«OTin^,arrojant,ftau(77i<i/;
Indutioinarus iste minax atque arrogans, Cic.
arroganter, adv. arrogantly, haughtily;
dicere aliquid, Cic. ; scribere ad aliquem, Cic. ;
facere, Caes.
arrogantia -ae, f. arrogance, assumption
pride, haughtiness; ex arrogantia odium, ex in-
solentia arrogantia oritur, Cic.
arrogo (ad-rogo), 1. I. 1, sibi aliquid, in
appropriate to oneself something to which one has
no claim; sibi sapientiam, Cic. ; 2, alicui aliquid,
to claim, confer upoji ; decus imperils, Hor. II.
1, to ask, Plaut. ; 2, to associu.te one public officer
with another ; cui unico consul! dictatorem arro-
gari baud satis decorum visum est patribus, Liv.
arrosor -oris, m. one who gnaws at, Sen.
Arruns (Aruns) -iintis, in, -nameofa younger
son of Jarquinius Superbus.
ars -tis, f. (stem AR, whence ar- -mus, ar-
-tus ; Gr. APfJ, aprvio, apery). I. A. a trade,
profession, art ; disserendi, dialectics, Cic ; artes
sordidae, mean occupations, those of slaves, Cic. ;
ingenuae, liberales, honourable occupations, Cic. ;
urbanae, jurisprudence tend rhetoric,L\v. ; artein
aliquain factitare, Cic. ; exercere, to practise,
pursue, Hor. B. Meton., 1, cert, knowledge,
theory (opp. practice); res mihi videturesse facili-
tate (in practice) praeclara, arte (in theory) me-
diocris, cic. ; ex arte (dicere, scribere, Sec.), ac-
cording to the rules of art. Cic. ; hence as title of
treatises on a subject, artes oratoriae, Cic. ; 2,
skill, cleverness; opus est vel arte vel diligentia,
Cic. ; arte laboratae vestes, Verg. ; arte canere,
Ov. ; 3, plur., artes, works of art, Cic. ; 4, Artes,
the Muses, Phaed. II. Transf., 1, conduct, dia-
meter, method of acting, good or bad ; bonac artes,
good qualities, Sail. ; hac arte Pollux attigitarces
igneas, Hor. ; 2, absol., cunning, deceit, Verg.
Arsaccs -is, m. ('Apcraiojt), the first king of
the I'arthians ; hence, 1, Arsacides -ae, m.
a descendant of Arsaces; 2, ArsaciUS -a -um,
Parthian.
Artaxata -Brum, n. (-a -ae, f., Tac), capital
of Armenia on the Araxes.
Artaxerxes -is,[m. (Apra^p^ni), name of
three Persian kings.
arte (arete), adv. with compar. and superl.
(artus), narrowly, tightly, closely. I. Lit, artius
complecti aliquem, Cic. ; signa artius collocare,
Sail. ; fig., artius astringere rationem, Cic. II.
Transf., a, fast, soundly; dormire, Cic; b,
shortly; artius appellare aliquem, to cut a name
short, Ov. ; aliquem arte colere, stingily, Sail.
arteria -ac, f. (aprnpia), 1, the wind-pipe,
Cic. ; neut. plur., heterocl. arteria, Lucr. ; 2,
(oi artery, Cic.
arthritlcus -a -um (ap0piTiKo?), gouty, Cic
articularis -e, relating to the joints; morbus,
1701//, Suet,
articulatim.adv. A. limb by limit, piecemeal,
Plant. B. Transf, in a manner properly divided,
distinctly; articulatiin distincteque dici, Cic
articulo, 1. to articulate, speak distinctly,
Lucr.
articulus -i, m. (dim. of artus). I. Lit. 1,
a joint; aiticulorum dolores, gouty or rheumatic
art
54
asc
pain*, Cic. ; plur. meton., tke limbs, esp., the
fingers, Lucr., Ov. ; 2, of plants, « knob, knot,
Cic. II, Transf., 1, a division of a discourse;
artleuli mcuibraque, Cic. ; 2, of time, a moment,
crisis; in ipsoarticulo temporis.Cic. ; 3, id' other
abstractions, fart, division, point ; per cosdem
articulos et gradus, Suet.
artifex -fi'eis (avs and facio). 1. 1, an artist,'
artificer, painter, sculptor; artifices scenici. actors,
Cic. ; artifex enuus, a trained horse, Ov. ; with
genit. of gerund ; Greed dicendi artiilces ct tloc-
tores.Cic. ; 2, tlie maker, author, contriver.-; pro-
bus e,jus(ini!iidi) artifex, Cic. ; 3, a master of any
art; tractamli aninios artiilces, Liv. ; artifex
conquirendae et coinparandae voluptatis, Cii". ;
artifices ad corrumpendum judicium, Cic. .XT.
Of inanimate objects, 1, active, clever, skilled;
artifcx stilus, Cic. ; 2, passive, skilfully wrought
or made; artifices boves, Prop.
artlficiose, adv! skilfully; id multo artifi-
ciosius etfic:re, Cic.
artificiosus -a -urn, A. skilful, ace .<;-
plished ; rhetorcs aitiflciosissimi, Cic; opus,
Cic. B. Transf., artificial (opp. to natural) ; ca
genera divinandi nou naturalia, sed artiliciosa
dicuntur, Cic.
artifieium -i, n. I. an occupation, handi-
craft ; ancillare, Cic. II. Esp., A. theory, system ;
componerc artifieium dc jure civili, Cic. B. a,
cleverness, skill, art ; simulacrum Dianae singu-
lar! opere artiticioque perfectum, Cic. ; b, </ex-
t rity, and, in a bad sense, cunning, craft; nrti-
ticio simulationis, Cic. ; c, work of art; haec
opera atque artificia, Cic.
arto (arcto), 1. (artus), 1, to press together,
reduce to small compass, Lucr. ; 2, to abridge,
curtail ; in praemiis, in lionoribus omnia artata,
Liv.
artolaganus -i, in. (apj oxdyavoi'), a cake
nuule of meal, wine, milk, oil, lard, and
Cic.
artopta ■ae, in. (apT6im}<;), 1, a baker, Juv. ;
2, (i baker's vessel, l'laut.
1. artus (arct us), -a -inn, adj., with compar.
and BitperL (root Alt, Gr. AP, whence _'. artus,
anna, &C), narrow, tight, close. I. Lit., catena,
Ov. ; vinculum ad astriiigendain lldein artius,
Cic; vallis, Liv. Bubst., artum -i, n., nar-
row space; pugnfl in arto, Tac II. Transf., a,
fast, sound; soinnus, Cic. ; b, oppressed by card;
animus, Hor. ; c, small, meagre ; numerus, Tar.;
commcatus, Liv.; d, difficult, distressing; res,
Ov. Subst., (|iiuin in arto res cssct, Liv.
2. artus -'is, m. (root Alt, Gr. dpflpoe), usu-
ally plur., artus -nuiu, the 'joints'; dolor artmmi,
Cic ; omnibus artubus contremisco, /
tremble in all my limbs, Cic. ; fig., nervi atque
artus sapientiae, Cic. ; poet., limbs; salsus per
artus sudor iit, Vcrg.
!a -ae, f., (dim. of ara), a little altar, Cic.
arundifcr -fere -fSrum (arundo and fero),
reed-bearing; caput, Ov.
arundineus -a -uni, reedy ; canales, Verg. ;
carmen, a sh'pherd's song, Ov.
arundinosus -a -urn, full of reeds, Cat.
arundo -Inia, f. a reed. A. Lit., crinea um-
brosa tegebat arundo, Verg. ; casae ex ai line
tcxtac. Liv. B. Meton., for an object made of
reeds; 1, a fishing-rod; moderator arundinis,
a fisherman, Ov. ; 2, limed twigs fin- catching
birds, Tlaut., 3,a]*:n; tristis, a severe style,
Mart.; 4, the shaft of an arrow, Ov. ; i t.,
the arrow itself, Verg. ; 5, a shepherd's pipe,
Verg. ; 6, a flute, Ov. ; 7 a weaver's comb, Ov. ;
8, a scare-crow, Hor. ; 9, a plaything for chil-
dren, a hobby-horse, Hor.
arveho = adveho.
Arvcrni -Drum, m. a Gallic people in Agni-
taint, in what is' now Auvergne. Adj., Arver-
nus -a -uni, Arvernian.
arvina -ae, f. fat, lard, Verg.
arvum -i, n. (aro), 1, a ploughed, or sown
field, Verg. ; 2, a country, region ; arva lacta,
Verg. ; arva Neptunia, the sea, Verg.
arvus -a -um, ploughed, Cic.
arx -cis, f. (from ARC, root of arcco). a for-
tress, citadel, stronghold. I. Lit., A. In the nar-
row sense ; ne quando arx hostium esset, Liv. ;
at Rome the arx was the .s'. W. height of the
Capitol; ne quis patricius in arce aut in Capi-
tolio liabitarct, Liv. ; used also of the whole hill ;
Capitolina, Liv. ; the stronghold or chief 'place of
a town; amisso oppido fugerat in arcem, Cic. ;
the stronghold of a kingdom ; ad caput arcemque
regni Pergamum, Liv. ; prow, arcem "fit cere e
cloaca, to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic;
B. In wider sense, the. height of heaven ; sidcrca
arx, Ov. ; temples of the gods, Hor. ; (of towers),
bcatao arces, Coryith, Hor. ; the height of amoun-
tain; Parnassi arx, Ov. II. Transf. A. refuge,
bulwark, protection ; haec urbs arx omnium gen-
tium, Cic. B. head-quarters, chief place ; ubi
Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli
esse, Liv.
as, assis, m. (e!s), the whole as unity, divided
into twelve unciae, called nncia •,'«, sextans J,
quadrans }, triens j, quincunx {: : , semis i, sep-
tunx T ',, bes 5, dodraus 1, dextaiis j, deunx }{.
A. Gen., esp. in terms relating to inheritance,
haeres ex asse, sole heir, Plin. B. Esp., 1, as a
coin, the as, which originally consisted of a
pound of copper, but was ultimately reduced to
Js lb., and from the time of the second Punic
war was worth a little over a farthing; hence
prov., omnia ad assem perdere, to the lastfurthing,
Ilor. ; non assis facerc, not to estimate at a fin-
thing, Cat. ; 2, as a weight, a pound, Ov. ; 3,
an acre, Plin.
asbestinum -i, n. se. linum {avpiarivov),
! iicombustible cloth, Plin.
1. Ascamus -ii, in. son of Aeneasand Creusa,
Verg. ; or cfLavinia, Liv.
•2. Ascanius, -ii, in. a river in BUhynia,
now 1'schatirgha Su.
ascaulcs -is, m. (ao-nav^s), a bag piper,
Mart.
ascendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (ad and scan-
do), to mount, ascend, go up. I. Lit. witli in and
the ace, in murura, Cic. ; in equum, Cic ; in
concionem, to go up to speak to the people, Cic. ;
with ad, ad Gitanas, Liv. ; with ace. alone,
murum, Caes. ; ripairi equo, Cic. II. Transf.,
to rise, in tantum honorem, Cic. ; altiorem
gradinn, Cic. ; gradatim asceudore vocem utile
et suave est, the voice rising higher and higher,
Cic.
asccnsio -On is, f. an ascent, Plant. ; transf.,
oratoruni, lofty flight, Cic
ascensus -us, m. a going up, climbing up,
ascent. I. A. Lit., in Capitolium, Cic. B.
Transf., primus ad honoris gradum, Cic. II.
Meton., the place for ascending; diilicilis atque
arduus, Cic.
ascia -ae, f. a carpenter's axe or ad:e, a p.
Cic
ascio, (ad-scio), 4. to take to oneself, adopt as
one's own; socios, Verg. ; asciri per adoptionein,
Tac
ascisco (adscisco), asclvi, ascltum, 8. (ascio)
to receive, (ohnil. I. Lit., with ad and the ace,
ad hoc scelcris foedus, Cic ; with in, aliquem
in numcruin civium, Cic. ; with inter, inter
ase
53
asp
patricios, Tae. ; with dat., ■ superis ascitus,
Caesar, Ov. ; with double ace, aliquem patro-
iium, Cic II. Transf. A. to adopt, lianc eon-
suetudinom, Cic. B. to approve of; quas e 8 es )
Latini voluerunfc, ascivcrunt, Cic. ; 2, to claim
for oneself, silii sapienfium, Cic.
1. ascitus -a -inn (partic. of ascisco), foreign,
derived from without (opp. nativus), Nep.
2. ascitus -us, m. an acceptance, reception, Cic.
ascopera -ac, f. (ao-Kon-qpa), a leather knap-
sack, Snet.
Ascra -ae, f. ("Acn<pa), a small town in Boeo-
tia, near Mount Helicon, the home of Hesiod.
Adj., Ascraeus -a-uin ; a, Ascraean, of Ascra;
poeta, Prop. ; senex, Verg. ; simply Ascraeus =
Hesiod, Ov. ; b, carmen, Hesiodic, or nuul,
Verg. ; c, fontes, Heliconian, Prop.
ascribo (ad-scribo) -scripsi -scriptum, 3.
(ail and scribo), to write to, or in addition. A.
Lit. 1, with dat., poenam focderibus, Cic. ;
with in and the ace., aliquid in eaiidem legem,
Cic ; 2, toji.c, appoint; aliquem tutorem liberis,
Cic. ; 3, to enrol;- aliquem in civitatem, Cic. ;
esp., a, as a colonist, colonos, Liv.; with ace,
of the colony, colonos Vcnusiani, Liv. ; p, to
enrol as a soldier; urbanae militiae ascribi, Tac
B. Transf. 1, to reckon, tinder a class, include;
with ad or in and the ace, or with the dat.,
tu vero me ascribe in talein numerum, Cic. ;
aliquem ordinibus deorum,Hor. ; with two ace,
opinio socium me ascribit tuis laudibus, Cic. ;
2, to attribute, impute, alicui iiicommodum, Cic.
ascripticius -a -um, one who is enrolled as a
member of a community, Cic.
ascriptio -ouis, f. an addition in writing, Cic.
ascriptivus -a -um, enrolled as a supernu-
merary, Plant.
ascriptor -oris, m. one who willingly adds
his name, one who approves of ; legis agraiiae, Cie.
Asculum -i, n. town of the riceutines. Adj.,
Asculanus -a -um, of or belonging to Asculum.
asella -ac, f. (dim. of asina),a little she-ass, Ov.
ascllus -i, m. (dim. of asinus), a little ass, Cic.
Asia -ac, f. ('Ao-i'o). I. the district in Lydia
near the river Cayster. II. The continent of Asia..
III. The peninsula of Asia Minor; sometimes
used specially for the kingdom of Pergamus
(Liv.), or of the Troad (Ov.). IV. In the nar-
rowest sense (the ordinary meaning of the word),
the Soman province of Asia, formed out of the
kingdom of Pergamus; hence, 1, Asiagenes
-is, m. surname ofL. Corn. Scipio; 2, Asianus
-a -um, belonging to the province of Asia. Plur.
subst., Asian! -orum, m. the farmers of the
taxes of the province of Asia, Cic. ; 3, Asiatl-
cus -a -urn, Asiatic, surname of L. Corn. Scipio;
Asiatic! oratores, bombastic, ornate, Cic. ; 4,
it a
Asis -idis, f. Asiatic; 5, Asius -a -um, palus,
the marsh round Ephesus, Verg.
asilus -i, m. the gad-fly, Verg.
asina -ae, f. a she ass, Varr.
asimnus -a -um, belonging to an cuss, Plin.
Asinius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, of
which the most celebrated was C. Asinius Pollio,
friend of J. Caesar and Augustus, statesman,
orator, poet, historian.
asinus -i, m. A. an ass, Cic. B. Transf.,
a dolt, blockhead; quid nunc te, asine, litteras
doccam, Cic.
Asopus -i, in. ('Ao-ion-dt). I. a, a river in
Boeotia; b, the river-god Asopus; hence, A.
Asopiades -ae, m. a descendant of Asopnis
(Aeacus), Ov. B. Asopis -idis, f. 1, Aegina,
daughter of Asopus, mother of Aeacus by Jupiter,
Ov. ; 2, Kuadne, daughter of Aegina, Ov. II. a
river in 1'hthiotis.
asotus -i, m. (do-uiTos), a sensualist, libertine,
Cic.
asparagus -i, m. (dairapayos), asparagus,
Suet.
aspargo, v. aspcrgo.
Aspasia -ae, f. (Aa-jraaia), the most celebrated
of the Greek hetaerae, mistress of I'cricles.
aspectabilis -e, visible, Cic.
aspecto, 1. I. to look at earnestly, or with
respect; a, quid me aspectas, Cic. ; b, of place,
to lie towards, to face ; mare quod Hibcrniam in-
sulam aspectat, Tac. II. to observe, attend to;
jussa principis, Tac.
aspectus -us, m. A. Act. 1, o seeing, look-
ing, sight; uno aspectu, Cic. ; oculi mobiles ut
aspectum quo vellent facile converterent, Cic. ;
2, view, limit of vision; orbes Qui aspectum
nostrum deliniunt, Cic; 3, power, of. vision,;
omnia quae sub aspectum cadunt, Cic. B. Pass.
1, sight, power of being seen; patriam privare
aspectu tuo, Cic. ; situs Syracusarum lactus ad
aspectum, Cic. ; 2, look, aspect, appearance ;
pomorum jucundus aspectus, Cic.
aspcllo -piili -pulsum (abs and pello), 3. to
drive away, Plant.
Aspendus -i, f. ("Ao-Trci-SoO, a town in Pam-
phylia. Adj., Aspcndius -a -um, of or belong-
ing to Aspendus.
asper -8ra -eruin (-pra-prum, Verg.), rough;
1, physically, a, to the sense of touck ; loca,
uneven, Caes. ; mare, stormy, Liv. ; aspera
caelo, inclement in climate, Liv. Subst, as-
perum -i, ji. roughness, a rough place, Tac. ;
b, to the senses of taste and smell, pungent,
sour; viiiuin, Tcr. ; c ? to the sense of hearing,
harsh, (/rating, Cie. ; litem aspera, the letter Jt,
Ov. ; 2, morally, rough, wild, harsh; homo asper
et durus, Cic ; of animals, fierce, auguis asper
siti, Verg. ; of events, adverse, troublous, danger-
ous; res, fempoia, Cic. ; sententia, severe, Liv. ;
of speech, harsh, bitter ; facetiae, Cie.
aspcrc, adv. (asper), roughly; loqui, Cic;
siribere, Oic
1. aspergo (aspargo) -spersi -spersum, 3. (ad
and spargo). I. to sprinkle ; a, guttam bulbo,
Cic. ; virus pecori, Verg. ; b, to cast upon, mingle
with, add; sapores hue, Verg. ; transf., alicui
molestiam, Cic. II. to bespatter; a, aram san-
guine, Cic. ; transf., to sully, stain, asperse; splen-
dorein vitac maculis, Cic. ; b, to strew- over; olivam
sale, Plin. ; transf., aliquid mendaciunculis, Oic.
2. aspergo (aspargo) -lids, f. a sprinkling,
besprinkling, spray ; aquarum, Ov. ; salsa ad-
spargo, Verg.
asperitas -atis, f. roughness. I. Lit. 1, to
the touch, uheiienness; saxorum, Cic. ; 2, to the
taste, sourness; vini, Plin. ; 3, to the ear, harsh-
ness ; soni, Tac. II. Transf., 1, of character,
harshn ess, fierceness, severity, austerity ;Stoicorum,
Cic. ; 2, of inanimate things, severity; frigorum,
severe cold, Sail. ; of circumstances, calamity,
difficulty ; reruni, Cic; of speech, harshness;
judicialis verborum, Cic.
aspernatio -dnis, f. contempt, Cic.
aspcrnor, 1. den, to despise, contemn, reject,
spurn; aspcriiatur dolorem ut malum, Cic J
amicitiam alieujus, Cic. ; with a and the abl.,
proscriptionem nisi hoc judicio a vobis rejicitis
atque aspenianiini, Cic
aspcro, 1. to make rough. I. Lit., a, gla-
cialis hiems aquilonibus asperat undas, nuike
stormy, Verg. ; b, to sharpen, whet; sagittas
asp
60
ass
ossibus, Tac IL Trtinsf., to excite, arouse;
aliquem in saevitiam, Tac.
asperslo -onis, f. o sprinkling ; aquae, Cic.
aspersus -fw, m. a sprinkling, Plin.
asplcio -spcxl -spectum, S. (ad and specio).
I. to look at, behold, see. A. Lit, 1. a, of
persons, luceni aspicerc vix possum, endure the
Ivjht of day, live, Cic. ; b, of places, to look to-
wards, to face ; ra pars Britanniae quae Hiher-
niain aspicit, Tac. ; 2, a, to survey, inspect ;
tabulas, Cic. ; b, to look straight in the face, to
withstand, confront; aliquem in acie, Ncp. ;
liostem aspicerc non possunt, Cic. B. Transf.,
1 to weigh, consider; neque tanta est in rebus
obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat,
si modo aspexerit, Cic. ; 2, to investigate; res
Bociorum, Liv. II. Inchoative, to perceive;
simulac Lentnlum aspexit, Cic.
aspiratio -Gnis, f. 1, a breathing; aeris,
Cic. ; 2, exhalation ; terraruni, Cic. ; 3, the
pronunciation of the letter 11, aspiration, Cic.
aspiro, 1. to breathe, blow tipon. I. Intransit.,
to breathe or blow upon. A. Lit., pulmones se
contrahunt aspirantes, exhaling, Cic. ; aspirant
aurae in noctem, towards evening, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, to be favourable In, assist; aspiravit ne-
mo eorum, Cic. ; with dat., vos, Calliope, aspirate
canenti, Verg. ; 2, to approach, Februario mense
aspiravit in Curiam, Cic. ; 3, to climb up to, to
endeavour to obtain, to reach to (in Cic. only with
negatives), ex bellica laude ad Africanum aspirate
nemo potest, Cic. II. Transit,, to breathe upon,
bloiv on. A. Lit., Juno ventos aspirat eunti, give
them a favourable wind, Verg. B. Transf., to
infuse, divinum amorem dictis, Verg.
aspis -Wis, f. (aern-i's), an adder, asp, Cic.
asportatio -onis, f. a taking away, carry iug
off ; Bignorum, Cic.
asporto, 1. (aba and porto), to carry off,
take away; mnlta de snis rebus secum, Cic;
abreptam ex eo loco virginem secum, Cic.
asprctum -i, n. (asper), a rough, uneven
spot, Liv.
Assaracus -i, m. ('Ao-o-dpaKo?), a mythical
king of Phrygia, son o/Tros, brother of Gany-
mede, grandfather of Anchises; Assaraci nurus,
Venus, Ov. ; domus Assaraci, the Romans, Verg. ;
Assaraci tcllns, Troii, Hor.
assecla (assecula) -ae, ra. (assequor), a
follower, servant, sycophant; assentatores eorum
atque asseculae, Cic.
asscctatio -Onis, f. respectful attendance,
e.g., of a client on a patron, Cic.
asscctator -oris, m., 1, a companion, fol-
lower; cum ducilms ipsis, non cum comitatn
assectatoribusque confligant.Cic. ; 2, a disciple;
philosophiae, Plin.
asscctor, 1, dep., to follow, attend assidu-
ously (esp. of friends of candidates) ; quum
aedilitatem P. Crassus peteret eumque Ser.
Galba assectaretnr, Cic.
assensio-onis, 1, assent, agreement,opplause ;
popularis, Cic. ; rem assensione eomprobare,
Cic. ; plnr., crebrae assensiones, Cic. ; 2, aa
philosoph. t.t., belief in the reality of sensible
appearances (Gr. <rvyKaTd0eo-i$), Cic.
assensor -oris, m. one who assents or agrees ;
quotidie commeinorabara te unum in tantocxer-
citu mihi fuisse assensorern, Cic.
assensus -us, in. I. assent, agreement; as-
sensu omnium dicerc, Cic. II. I&p. A. Philo-
soph. t.t. belief in the reality of sensible appear-
ances; assensum retinere, Cic. B. Poet., echo;
nemorum, Verg.
, arrsontatio -onis, f. a flattering assent or ap-
plause, Jlattery ; faceta paraNitorum, Cic. ;nullam
in amicitiis-pestem esse majorem quain adula-
tionem, blamlitiam, assentationeni, Cic. ; plur.,
blanditiae et asseutationes, Cic.
asscntatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of assen-
tatio), trivial jlattery, Cic.
assentator -oris, m. (assentor), a flatterer;
cavendura est ne asseutatoribus patefaciamus
aures, Cic.
asscntd toric, adv. (assentator), flatteringly
Cic.
assentatrix -trlcis, f. (assentator), afemak
flatterer, Plant,
assentio -sensi -sensnm, 4. and (gen. in clas-
sical authors) assentior -sensus sum, -sentiri
(ad and sentio), to assent to, agree with; a, de-
ponent form, gov. dat. of pers., de Vennonianis
rebus tibi assentior, Cic. ; with dat. of the
thing, ut ego assentior orationi, Cic. ; with ace.
of obj., ego illnd assentior Theophrasto, Cic. ;
b, active form, cavendum est ne his rebus
temereassentiamus,Cic; c, pass., neque percepta
neque assensa, Cic. ; assentiendum temporibus,
we must accommodate ourselves to the times, Cic.
assentor, 1. dep. (intens. of assentior), to
assent constantly, to flatter; benevolentiam civium
blanditiis et assentando colligere, Cic. ; with obj.
in ace, ut nihil nobis assentati esse videamur,
Cic. ; Baiae tibi assentantur, wooes thee, Cic.
assequor -cutus sum, 3. dep., to follow.
I. Lit,, Poreius deinde assecutus cum levianna-
tnra, Liv. II. Transf., to reach by following, come
up to, attain ; a, aliquem, Cic. ; merita alicnjus
non assequi, Cic. ; b, esp., to gain or attain to
something for which onestrives; eosdeni honorum
gradus, Cic. ; immortalitatein, Cic. ; foil, by nt
or ne with the snlij., Cic. ; or by the infill.,
Cic. ; c, of tin 1 mind, to grasp, comprehend ; illi-
quid cogitations, Cic.
asser -en's, m. (root ASS, whence also assis
or axis) a stake, a pole. A. Gen., Caes. B. Esp.,
a pole for carrying a litter, Suet.
asserculum -i, n., or -us -i, m, a small
stake or pole, Cato.
1. assero -sevi •situm :>. (ad and scro), to
plant at or wear ; populus assita limitibns, Hor.
2. assero -semi -sertum, 3. (ad and sero), to
join to. I. Legal t, t., A. tolau Void of a slave,
and thereby declare him free ; n in liber-
tat em, Liv. ; aliquem maim liberal! ..ansa, Plant. ;
aliquem in liberal! causa, Cic, ; asserui jam me,
I hare freed myself Ov. B. to claim as a slave;
aliquem in servitutcm, Liv. II. Transf., A. to
set free from, protect ; se a mortalitate, Plin. B.
to claim; alicui regnum, Liv.; aliquem caelo,
declare tlie celestial origin of a person, Ov.
assertio -onis, f. a formal declaration as to
freedom, Suet.
assertor -oris, m. ('2. assero), one who asserts
that another person is free or a slave. I, Lit,,
A. one who defends the liberty of another ; asser-
tor libertatis, Plin. B. one who asserts that ano-
ther is a slave ; assertor puellae, Liv. II. Transf.,
o liberator, saviour, Ov.
asservlo, 4. to assist, help; toto corpore
contention! vocis, Cic.
asservo, 1., a, to preserve; tabulas negli-
gentius, Cic. ; aliquem domi suae, Cic. ; b, to
watch, observe; oram, Cacs. ; fig., to attend to;
jus negUgcntius, Cic.
assessio -onis, f. (assidco), a sitting by the
side of one (to console) ; quae tua fnerit assessio,
oratio, conflrmatio animi mei fraeti, Cic.
assessor -oris, m. (assideo), one who sits by
the side to assist; Lacedaemonii regibus suis augu-
ass
57
ass
rem assessorem dcderunt; eap., an assistant, a
judicial assessor, Suet.
assessus, abl. -u, m. (assideo), « sitting by
the side of, Prop.
asscveranter, adv., with compar. (as-
severaus), earnestly, emphatically; loqui, Cic.
asseveratio -onis, f. (assevero), 1, earnest-
ness in action ; multa asseveratione coguntur
pati'es, Tac. ; 2, vehement assertion, asseveration ;
omni asseveratione tibi affinno (foil, by ace.
with infin.), Cic.
assevero, 1. (ad and severus), 1, to act with
earnestness ; bella ironia, si jocareinur ; sin asse-
veramus, vide ne, &c, Cic. ; 2, to assert confi-
dently, strongly; with ace. and mfhi., idque se
facturum asseveravit, Cic. ; with de and the
abl., nemo de ulla re potest contendere neque
asseverare, Cic.
assideo -sedi, -sessum, 2. (ad and sedeo),
to sit near, or by the side of. I. Gen., A. Lit.,
Sthenius est, is qui nobis assidet, Cic. B.
Transf., to be next door to ; parcus assidet insauo,
Hor. II. Esp., A. to sit at a person's side, to
give comfort, advice, protection, &c. ; in carcere
mater nodes dicsque assidebat, Cic. ; assidere
aegro collegae, to sit at the bedside of, Li v. ; quum,
Cn. Pompeius Lcntulo frequens assideret, Cic;
judiciis assidebat, frequented, Tac. ; tola vita
litteris, to devote oneself to, Plin. B. Milit. t.t.
to besiege, blockade; with dat., intuctis minis,
Liv. ; assidens Casilino, Liv.
assido (ad -sido) -sedi -sessum, 3. to sit down;
in bibliotheca, Cic. ; super aspidem, Cic. ; prop-
ter Tuberonem, Cic. ; of an orator, to break doiun
in a speech; subito assedit, Cic.
assidue, adv. (assiduus), continuously, with-
out remission ; voces quas audio assidue, Cic;
quibus (litteris) assidue utor, Cic.
assiduitas -atis, f. (assiduus). I. continual
presence, attention of friends, clients, candidates ;
quotidiana amicorum assiduitas et frequentia,
Cic. ; medici, Cic. II. Transf., A. constancy;
id assiduitateet virtute consequere, Cic. B. con-
stant repetition; epistolarum, unintermittent cor-
respondence, Cic. ; molestiarum, Cic. ; bellorum,
Cic.
■ assiduo = assidue, q.v.
assiduus -a, -um (assideo). I. sitting in a
place constantly, established. Political t.t., assi-
duus -i, m. a settled and hence a well-to-do, tax-
paying citizen, gen. in plur. assidui, Hie citizens
of the upper classes ; opp. to proletarii (who paid
no taxes), Cic. II. continuously in one place, or
engaged in one occupation; a, ruri assiduum
semper vivere, Cic. ; audivi Romae esse homi-
nem et fuisse assiduum, Cic; esp. of the friends
who attended candidates and magistrates, me-
cum fuit assiduus praetore me, Cic ; b, con-
stant, stetuiy ; qui filios suos agricolas assiduos
esse cupiunt, Cic. ; c, of things, constant, un-
ceasing; imbres, Cic. ; homines labore assiduo
et quotidiano assueti, Cic.
assignatio -onis, f. assignment, allotment;
agrorum, Cic.
assigno, 1. to assign to any one, allot. I.
A. Lit., inferiorem aedium partem alicui, Cic. ;
esp., of allotting lands to colonists, loca, Cic. ;
agros colonis, Cic. ; agruni militibus, Cic B.
Transf., muuus humanum adeoassignatum, Cic.
C. to ascribe; hoc preceptum deo, Cie. ; aliquid
homini, non tempori, Cic. II. to seal, Pers.
assilio -sllui, 4. (ad and salio), to leap to, or
on. I. Gon., a, of persons moeni.bus, Ov. ; b,
of water, to dash up ; assiliens aqua, Ov. II.
Transf., to jump to; neque assiliendum statim
est ad genus illud oratipnjs, Gig.
assimilis -c, like, similar ; with dat., assim-
ilis spongiis mollitudo, Cic. ; with gun., Ov.
asshniliter, adv. (assimilis), in like manner,
Plant.
assimulatus -a -um (partic of assimulo),
1, similar, Lucr. ; 2, feigned, pretended, simu-
lated ; virtus, Cic.
assimulo, 1. to make like. I. A. deos in
humani oris speciein, Tac. ; litterae lituraeque
omnes assimulatae, Cic B. to compare, Cic. ;
formam totius Britanniae auctores oblongae
scutulae vel bipenni assimulavere, Tac. II. to
imitate, counterfeit, pretend; anum, Ov. ; with
ace. and infin., Plaut. ; with quasi and the
subj., Plaut.
assisto, astiti, no sup., 3. to place oneself,
take up a position. I. Lit., a, ad fores, Cic;
b, to stand by; foribus principum, Cic; ad
epulas regis, Cic. II. Transf. to help, Tac.
assdleo, 2. to be accustomed ; used only in
the third person sing, and plur., deinde quae
assolent (scribi), Cic. ; utassolet, as is usual, Cic.
assono, 1. to answer with a sound ; plangen-
tibus assonat echo, Ov.
assucfacio -feci -faetura, 3. (*assueo and
facio), to accustom to; ad supplicia patrum ple-
bem, Liv. ; with abl., quorum seruione qui as-
suel'acti want, Cic; with dat., pedites operi
aliisque juslis militarilms, Liv. ; with inlin.,
equos eodem remancr.. vestigio, Caes.
assuesco -suevi -suetum, 3. (*assueo). I,
Transit., to accustom; qui pluribus assuerit
meiitcm, Hor. II. Intiansit., to accustom one-
self; assuevi, I am wont, Cic. ; assuetus, accus-
tomed; with in and the ace, in omnia familiaria
jura assuetus, Liv. ; with abl., homines labore
assiduo et quotidiano assueti, Cic ; with dat.,
quaestui. Liv. ; with ace, ne tanta animis as-
suescite bella, Verg. ; with infin., assueti vinci,
Liv. (syncop. perf. forms assuesti, assuerim,
assueram, assuesse).
assuetudo -Inis, f. 1, custom, use, Liv. ; 2,
carnal intercourse, Tac.
assuetus -a -um, adj. (from assuesco), 1, used
to, accustomed to ; assueta oculis regie, Liv. ;
2, usual; assueti collis cultores, Liv.
assugo -suetum, 3. to suck, Lucr.
assula -ae, f. a shaving, chip, Plaut.
assulatim, adv. (assula), in shivers or
splinters, Plaut.
assiilose, adv. (assula), splinter-wise, Plin.
assulto, 1. (Intens. of assilio), to leap vio-
lently upon. I. Gen., feminae assultabant ut
sacriflcantes aut insanientes Bacchae, Tac. II.
Esp., to attack, assault; tergis pugnantium, Tac;
latera et frontem (agminis), Tac.
assultus -Q, m. (assilio), a leaping upon,
assault, Verg.
assum (adsum), affiii (ad-fui), adesse, to
be present, to be at. I. Gen., A. Of persons, 1, of
bodily presence, heri quum non adessetis, Cic. ;
omnes qui aderant, Caes. ; mane ad portam
adesse, Cic. ; in foro, Liv. ; ante oculos, Verg. ;
portis (dat.), Verg. ; hue ades, come here, Verg. ;
2, of the mind, in the phrase adesse animo or
animis, to attend; adestote omnes animis, Cic;
also, to be of good courage; ades animo et omitte
timorem, Cic. B. Of things, to be near, at hand ;
frumcntuin conferri, comportari, adesse, Caes. ;
tanti aderant morbi, Cie. ; adesse Romanis ulti-
lnuin diem, Liv. II, to be present with a fixed
object, to be in. one's place. A. 1, of men, primuni
me ipsum vigilare, adesse, Cic. ; adversus hostcs,
Sail. ; jam omnes furoces aderant, Sail. ; nuui
ades ad pnrendum vol ftd iinperandum potins,
Cic ; 2, of deities, adsis placidusque juves, Verg. !
ass
58
ast
rebus Romanis, (o be favourable to, IJ\*. ; si for-
tiinft ooeptla nffnerit , Tac. B. Esp., 1, /<> be
present to witness, ox to store in; ad suQrugii in,
Cic. ; with <lat., comiliis, Cic; pugnao, Liv.;
adoaso Bcribcudo scnatus consulto or dcci'oto,
tn witness, Cic. ; 2, to be present to help or ad-
rise; seiiipci absenti Deiotaro, Cic; alicujus
rebus, Cic. ; alicui adesse in consilio, to be an
assessor to, Cic; to support or defend in the law-
courts; adesse Quinctio, Cic; contra Satrium,
Cic. ; 3, to be present in a court of justice; a, as
the accused, adesse .jubcri, Cic. ; or b, as the ac-
cuser, adesse in judicio, Cic.
assumo -sumpsi -sumptum, 3. to take to one-
self. A. Lit. novas humeris alas, Ov. ;plurasibi
aasainunt qnam de se corpora luittunt, Lucr.
B. Transf., 1, to take for ones assistance; a, of
persons, lcgiones in Italia, Cic. ; aliquem in
societatem arnioruin, Liv. ; aliquem in nomen
familiamque, Tac. ; b, of things, aliquantum
hoctis, Cic. ; assuinpta verba, words borrowed
from another source, Cic. ; auxilia extrinsecus,
Cic; 2, to appropriate tto oneself, to tale; a,
regni insignia, Tac. ; Cercris sacra de Qraecia,
Cic. ; b, to claim, in eo sibi praecipuam laudem
assmnere, Liv.; 3, to take in addition, to; a, si
quis in aliqua arte excellens aliam qnoquc artcm
"si l>i assumpserit, Cic. ; b, logical t.t. to state the
minor premises of a syllogism, Cic.
assumptio -onis, f. (assumo), 1, choice, adop-
tion, Cic. ; 2, the minor premises of a syllogism, Cic.
assumptlVUS -a -inn (assumo), which o
a defence from an extraneous cause ; causa, Cic.
assuo, 3. to sew on; unus et alter assuitur
pannus, Hor.
assurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up,
stand up. I. Of persons, A. Gen., assurgentem
regem umbone resnpinat, Liv. ; quag dum reci-
tatur, vos quaeao. qui earn detuusEis, assurgite,
Cic. ; assurgero alicui, to rise up in the presence
of, as a sign of respect, Cic; pass., haec ijisa sunt
honorabilia, salutari, appeti, deccdi, assurgi,
Cic. ; lirmissima vina, Tmolius assurgit quibus
et rex ipse Fhanacus, yields the preference, Verg.
B. Esp., a, to rise from a sick-bed; no assur-
rcxisse quiilem ex morbo, Liv. ; b, to rise to give
more force to a blow; quantus in clipenm assur-
gat, Verg. ; c, to rise, into the air; assurgere in
auras, Verg. ; d, querelis baud justis assurgis,
break out into, Verg. II. Of things, to rise. A.
colics assurgunt, Liv. B. to appear, show itself;
non cocptac assurgent tunes, Verg.
assus -a -mil (from areo, as cassus from careo),
dried. I. Lit., a, roasted, Plant. ; assum vitu-
linum, roost veal, Cic. ; b, of bathing, sol, bask-
ing in the sun without being anointed, Cic. ;
balnearia assa, a sweating bath, Cic. II. Trans)'.,
nutrix, a dry-nurse, Juv.
Assyria -ae, f. (Acrcrvpia), a country in Asia,
between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon-
Adj., Assyrius -a -urn, Assyrian.; poet., fui'
Median, Phrygian, Phoenician, Indian, &c. ;
Assyril -orum, m. the Assyrians.
ast = at, q.v.
Asta -ae, f. ("Ao-to), a town in Hispania Bae-
tica, now Mesa de Asta ; hence adj., Astensis
-e, of or belonging to Asta.
Astacus -i, m. father of Melanippus ; hence,
Astacidos -ae, in. the son of Astacus.
Astapa -ae, f. town in Hispania Baetica,
now Estepa,
Asteria -ae, f., and -id -e"s, f. CAcrrepir)). I.
daughter of Cneus and Phoebe, changed into an
island, first called, Asterin, afterwards Ortygia,
and later still Delos. II. (Astcric), a woman's
name, Hor-
astcrno, 3. to scatter upon ; pass, to be
stretclied out ; nstcrnuiitur scpulch.ro, Ov.
astipulatio -onis, f., 1, the assenting to, con-
firmation of, Plin.
astipulator -oris m. A. Legal t.t., at Koine,
one wlu> joined another (the stipulator) in the.
Human contract catted stipulatio. B. Transf., a
supporter; Stoici et eorum astipulator Anti-
ochus, Cic.
astlpulor, 1., dep. to assent to, Liv.
astitUO -tui -tfitum, m. (ad and statuo), 3. to
put, or plate somewhere, Plant.
asto -stiti, nosup., 1. 1. to standby. A. Gen.
alicui, Plant ; astauteetinspectante ipso, Caes. ;
astat in couspectu meo, Cic. B. to stand by the
side to help, to assist, Plant. II. to stand upright,
Verg.
Astraca -ae, f. ('Ao-Tpai'a), Astraea, goddess
of justice, who left the earth in the iron age, and
was placed among the stars under the name Virgo.
astrepo (ad-strepo), -streprii -strepitum, 3.,
1, to make a noise at; astrepebat vulgus, Tac. ;
2, to applaud, ; haec dicenti, Tac.
astrictc, adv. (astrictus), of discourse, con-
cisely, briefly, Cic.
astrictus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. (from
astringo), tight, compressed, drawn together. A.
Lit., limen, shut,Ov. ; non astrictus soccus, negli-
gent, slatternly writing, Hor. ; irons, wrinkled,
Mart.; aquae, frozen, Ov. B. Transf., 1, close-
fisted, avaricious ; pater, 'Prop. ; mos, Tac. ; 2,
of oratory, a, bound by the limits of rhythm;
numero et astricto et soluto, Cic. ; b, concise',
contracta et astricta eloquentia, Cic.
astrifer -fera -ferum (astrum and fero),
starry, placed among the stars, Mart.
astringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. I. Lit. to
tighten, draw together, compress, contract, bind
together; a, quae (vinculum) astringit, Cic;
aliquem ad statuain, Cic. ; b, of cold, to contract,
Ov. II. Trail si'., a, to draw light; pater nimis
indulgens quidquid ego astrinxi rclaxat, Cic. ; b,
of writing or speech, to compress ; brevitor argu-
ments, Cic. ; c, to bind, fetter, oblige; vel arinis
xc[ legibus to torn Galliain sempi tends vinculis,
Cic. ; se videre astl'ingere or astringi, to commit
oneself to, become guilty of, Cic.
astrologia-ae, f.(do-TpoKoyio.),astronomy,Cic.
astrologus -i, in. (acn-poAdYos), 1, an astro-
nomer, Cic. ; 2, an. astrologer, Cic.
astrum -i, n. (aa-Tpov), a. star, a constellation.
A. Lit., cognitio astrorum, Cic. ; astrum nalale,
Hor. ; poet., of a great height, turns educta ad
astra, Verg. B. Transf., tollcre in astra, to exalt
sky-high, Cic. ; ex astris decidere, from the highest
glory, Cic. ; sic iturad astra, thus is immortality
gained, Verg.
astruo (ad and struo), -struxi -structum, 3.
I. Gen. to build to or near, to build in addition S
gradus, Liv. II. Transf., to add to; formae
aninuim, Ov.
astu (asty), only ace. and abl. asttt, n. (ao-ru),
the city (only used of Athens), Cic.
astiipco, 2, to be astonishcl at, Ov.
Astura -ae, f. fAorupa), a river inLatinm,
still called Astura.
asturco -Onis, m. anAsturian horse, Plin.
Astiires -um, m. ("Ao-Tvpe?), the Asturians,
a people in Spain ; sing. Astur -uris, m. ; hence,
a, Asturia -ao, f. the country of the Astur es ;
b, Asturicus -a -um, Aslnrian.
astus -us, m. cleverness, adroitness, cunning,
Verg., Liv.
astute, adv., with compar. and superl. (as-
tutus), cunningly, astutely^ Cic,
ast
59
astutia -ae, f. adroitness, astuteness, craft, Cic.
astutus -a -tun (astus), adroit, clever, astute,
cunning, crafty, Cic.
Astyages -is, m. ('Ao-Tvay>)s)- I. King of
Media, grandfather of the elder Cyrus. II. a
comiwnion of Phinexts. '.
Astyanax -actis, m. ('Ao-ruaraf). I. son of
Hector and Andromache. II. a tragic actor of
Cicero's time.
Astypalaea -ae, f. ^'Acrrv7raA<:ia), island
near Crete. Adj., 1, Astypalaeensis -c; 2,
Astypaleius -a -um, belonging to Astypalaea.-
asylum -i, n. (a<rv\ov), a sanctuary, place
of refuge, asylum, Cic; teinpla quae asyla Graeci
appellant, Liv.
asymbolus -a -um (o.ctvm/3oAos), one who con-
tributes nothing to the tost of an entertainment, Ter.
at (ast). conj., but, moreover. I. To introduce
an idea different from, but not entirely opposed
to, one that has gone before. A. una(navis)cum
Nasidianis profugit, at ex reliquia unapraemissa
Massiliam, Cic. B. 1, in prayers, exhortations,
etc., at videte hominis intolerabilem audaciam,
Cic. ; 2, in expressions of astonishment or im-
patience, at per deos iinmortales quid est quod
diei possit, Cic. II. To express an idea entirely
opposed to the preceding one. A. non coguos-
ccbantur foris, at domi, Cic. ; strengthened, at
contra, Cic. ; at ctiam, Cic. ; at vero, Cic. B.
1, to introduce an imaginary objection in an
argument, factumne sit? at constat, Cic; 2,
but at least, yet at least; nou est, inquit, in parieti-
bus respublica, at in aris et focis, Cic.
atabulus -i, m. a hot wind in Apulia, the
sirocco, Hot. *
Atalanta -ae and -e -es, f. ('Ato-Acuit)), a
maiden of Boeotia or Arcadia, famous for her
speed in running; she refused to marry any one
except tlie person who could beat her in a race;
finally conquered by Milanion by the aid of Aphrod-
ite. Adj. , Atalantaeus -a, in. of or belonging
to Atalanta.
atat, attat, attatae, attattatae, etc.
(arrarai), an interjection expressive of pain,
astonishment, fear, warning, etc, oh! ah! alas!
Plaut., Ter.
atavus -i, m. I. the father of the abarus or
great-great-grandfather, Cic. II. atavi, plur. =
ancestors, Maecenas atavis edite regibus, Hot.
Atella -ae, f. a very ancient city of Campania.
Adj:, a, Atellanus -a, -um; fabella, or gen.
simply Atellana -ae, f. a species of popular
farce, long popular in Rome, Liv.,Juv.; hence, a,
Atellanus -i, m. a player in these dramas ; b,
Atellanius -a -um ; Atellanicus -a -um.
ater, atra, atrum, black, dark ((lead black, while
niger is shining black). I. Lit., nemus, Vcrg. ;
mare, stormy, Hor. ; alba discernere et atra non
posse, Cic. ; poet. = atratus, clothed til black;
lictores, Hor. II. Transf. A. black, as 'a sign
of mourning, calamity, etc ; dark, gloomy, sad, un-
fortunate, mors, cura, Hor. ; atri dies, in the
Roman calendar, those on which tlie republic had
suffered a great misfortune, Liv. . B. malicious,
poisonous; atro dente petere aliquein, Hor.
Athamanes -um, in. (AOanaves), the Atlia-
manes, inhabitant* of Athamania ; hence Atha-
marria -ae, f. a country in the south of Epints.
Athamas -antis, m. ('Afla^as), son of Aeolus
and king ofThessaly, father of I'hrixus and Helle,
Mclicerta and Learchus ; hence, a, Athaman-
thcus -a -um, aurum, the golden fleece, Mart. ;
b, Athamantlades -ae, m. Palacraon, Ov. ;
«, Atli&ma^is -jdjs, f. lfeUe, Oy,
atq
Athenae -arum, f. ('A9m<at), Athens; meton.,
learning, 3xw. ; hence, a, Athcnaeus a -tun;
b, Attieniensis -e, Athenian. Subst., Athcn-
ienscs -ium, in. the Athenians.
Athcnio -onis, in. a Sicilian shepherd, leader
of tlie slaves in the 2nd Slave War (102 B.C.).
athcos and atheus -i, in. (£0eos), an atheist,
Cic. .
Athesis, ace. -sini, abl. -si, in. ( Afletris), a
river in Rkaetia, now Adiga, Etsch.
athleta -ae, m. (<10At)7tjs), one who contends
in the public games, wrestler, athlete, Cic.
athleticus -a -um (ieArjTiicos), relating to an
athlete.
Athos, dat. -o, aco. -o, and -on, abl. -o
("A0ws), and Atho or Athon -6nis, m.'a rocky
mountain at the end of the peninsula of Chal-
cidice.
Atilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens;l, M.
Atilius Regulus (see Regulus): 2, M. Atilius, an,
early Roman poet. Adj., Atllianus -a -um.
Atina -ae, f. a town in Latium, still called
Atina; hence Atlnas -Stis, belonging to Atina.
Atlas -antis, m. ("AtAcs), 1, ahigh mountain
in Africa, on which the sky was supposed to rest;
2, a mythical king and giant, son of Iapetvs ami
Clymcne, king of Mauretunia, clianged into a
vwuntainby Perseus ; hence, a, Atlantis -Idis, f.
a female descendant of Atlas, Electro, Ov. ; Calypso,
Tib. ; plur., Atlantides, the Pleiades and Hyades ;
b, Atlanticus -a -um, mare, the Atlantic ocean;
c, Atlanteus -a -um, linis, Libyan, Hor. ; d,
AtlantiadCS -ae, m. a descendant of Atlas,
Mercury (son of Maia, daughter of Atlas) ; or
Hermaphroditus(son of Mercury and great-grand-
son of At lax).
atoniUS -1, f. (aro/j.0^), that which is incapable
of division, an atom, Cic.
atque, or ac (ac only before consonants),
and, and also. A. Joining single words ; 1, Gen.,
spargere ac disseminate, Cic. ; a, and also ; no-
biles atque ignobiles, Sail. ; b, and moreover,
and even; alii intra inoenia atque in sinu urbis
sunthostcs, Ball.; with the pron.,hic,is,idem,etc,
negotium magnum est navigave atque id mense
Quintili, and especially, Cic. ; so atque etiam,
Cic. ; 2, with comparisons ; a, with words ex-
pressing comparison, as aeque, aequus, idem,
item, juxta, par, proximo, similis, similiter, talis,
totidem ; or expressing dissimilarity, as aliter,
aliorsum, alius, contra, contxarius, dissimilis,
secus ; b, with comparatives, for quam, artius
atque hedera procera astringitur ilex, Hor. ; c,
simul atque, as soon as, Cic. ; 3, with negatives,
and not rather (also with potius); si hoc dis-
suadere est, ac non disturbare atque pervertere,
Cic. B. Joining sentences, and so; 1, atque
illi onmes sine dubitatione condemnant, Cic. ; 2,
to join a more important thought, and esjiecially ;
id estne numerandum in bonis? Ac maximis
quidem, Cic. ; 3, to introduce an adversative
clause, ac tamen, Cic. ; 4, to introduce an ob-
jection raised by the speaker or writer himself,
ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse, Cic; 5, in
narration, and so; atque iis, quos nominavi, Cic ;
6, at tlie end of a speech or treatise, ac de primo
quidem oflicii fonte diximus, Cic. C. Particular
connections and phrases ; 1, alius atque alius,
now this, now that, Liv. ; 2, atque utinam, to
express a wish, Cic. ; 3, to make an assertion
general, atque omnia, or omnes. atquc liaec
omnia verba oontinentur, Cic. ; 4, with othor
conjunctions, after et, non minis et vi ao metu,
Cic! ; alter quo (Or. t« . . . «taf), subinoveriquo
atquo in castra rcdigi, Liv. ; with nee, Mart, j
repealed in poetry, atcjue dcos atquc ftstra, Verg,
atq
GO
att
atqui, con, j. (at and qui = quoi — quo), never-
theless, notwithstanding. I. Gen., atqui non ego
te frangore persequor, Hor. ; indeed, certainly,
Cic. II. Egp. in logical conclusions, to intro-
duce the minor premise, but now, now, Cic;.
atramentum -i, n. (ater), 1, any black
fluid ; sepiae, Cic. ; 2, ink, Cic ; 3, blue vitriol,
shoemaker's black; sutoriuin atramentum, Cic.
atratus -a -um (ater), clothed in black, in
mourning, Cic.
Atrax -acis ("Arpaf), 1, a river in Aetolia ;
2, a city in Thcssaly ; lieuce, a, Atracides -no,
in. the Thessalian Caeneus, Ov. ; Atracis -Wis,
f. liippodamia, Ov.
Atrebates -uni, m. a people in Gallia Bel-
pica; sing., Atrebas -batis, in., Caes.
Atreus -Oi, m ('ATpeu;), son of Pelops, king of
Argos anil Mycenae, father of Agamemnon and
Menelaus ; lience, Atrides -ac, in. Agamem-
non or Menelaus; plur., Atridae, Agamemnon
und Menelaus.
atriensis -is, m. (atrium), a head slave,
tteward, Cic.
atriolum -i, n. (dim. of atrium), a little
atrium, or fore-court, Cic.
atritas -fitis, f. (ater), blackness, Plant.
atrium -ii, n. (ater), the room blackened by
smoke ; the open court in a Roman house, into
which opened the janva, or gate; plur., atria
-oruni, n. = atrium, Verg. ; meton., a house,
Ov. ; the halls of the gods, Ov. ; the hall of a temple
or public building ; atrium Libertatis, Cic. ; auc-
tionarium, an auctioneer's sale-room, Cic.
atrocitas -atis, f. (atrox). A. fierceness,
harshness, cruelty; ipsius facti atrocitas aut in-
dignitas, Cic. ; liabet atrocitatis aliquid legatio,
has a threatening aspect, Cic. B. Tronsf. severity,
barbarity; invidlosa atrocitas verborum, Cic. ;
atrocitas lata quo modo in veterem Academiam
irruperit, Cic.
atrociter, adv., with compar. and super!,
(atrox), severely, harshly, cruelly; Verri nimis
atrocitor miiiitans, Cic.
Atropos -i, f. (aTpon-05, not to be averted), one
of the three Pa rear.
5,trox -ocis (from ater, as fcrox from ferns).
I. Lit., terrible, fearful, cruel, horrible]; res
scelesta, atrox, nefaria, Cic. ; of war, proclaim,
Liv. ; of the seasons, hora flagrantis Canicular,
Hor. ; of commands, threatening ; imperium,
Liv. ; atrocissimae litterae, Cic. ; of speeches,
violent; veheniens atque atrox orationis genus,
Cic. II. Transf., of persons and character,
gloomy, morose, severe; Agrippina semper atrox,
Tac. ; animus Catonis, unbending, Hor.
Atta -ae, m. a Roman surname; C. Quintals
Atta, a comic poet(i\. 102 B.C.).
attactUS-us, m. (attingo), a touching, touch,
contact, Verg.
attagen -enis, m. (aTrayrjv), a woodcock, Hor.
Attalus -i, m. ("ATTaAo?), the name of several
kings of Pergamos, the last of whom, Attalus
III., left his territory to the. Romans; hence, a,
AttallCUS -a -um, belonging to Pergamos; agri,
tic; lieuce rich, splendid ; conditiones, Hor.;
Jieripetasmata, woven with threads of gold, Cic. ;
b, Attalis -idis, f. ('ArraX^), name of a guild
at Athens.
attamen, conj. but yet, Cic.
attat = atat.
attegia -ae, f. a hut, Juv.
attemperate, adv. (atteraperatus), in a fit
or appropriate manner, Ter.
attempcro (ad and tempero), 1. to fit to,
adjust to, sen,
attendo (ad and tendo) -tendi -tentuan, 3.
to stretch to; aniinum, or absol., attendere; to
direct the attention towards, attend to; with ad
and the ace, attendite animos ad ca quae con-
sequuntur, Cic. ; with ace, primum versum
legis, Cic. ; with ace. and infill., non attendere
superius illiul ea re a se esse eoncessunr Cic. ;
with rel. sent., si panlo diligentius, quid de his
rebus dicat attenderis, Cic. ; with de and the
abl., animus tamen erit sollicitns, ut nihil possit
de olliciis legationis attendere, Cic.
attente, adv., with compar. and super!,
(attentus), attentively, carefully; audire, Cic;
cog i tare, Cic. ,
attentio -onis, f. (attendo), o.ttentiveness,
attention; animi, Cic.
attento (ad-tento), or attempto (ad-
tempto), 1. to strive after, to attempt ; 1, ut prae-
teriri omnino fuerit satins quain ntteiitatum
deseri, Cic; 2, to tamper with, try to corrupt,
classem, Cic. ; 3, to attack; aliquid lingua, Cic. ;
aliquem vi, Tac.
attentus (ad-tentus) -a -um. I. Pnrtic. of
attendo and attineo. II. Adj. with compar.
and superb (attendo), 1, attentive; animus, Cic. ;
cogitatio, Cic. ; auditor, Cic. ; judex, Cic. ; 2,
careful after one's property ; attentus quaesitis,
Ilor. ; paterfamilias, Hor. ; attcnta vita et rus-
ticana, Cic.
attenuate, adv. (attenuatus), simply, with-
out ornament ; dieere, Cic.
attenuatus -a -um, p. adj. with snperl.
(from attenuo), made weak ; of discourse, abbre-
viated ; ipsa ilia pro Roscio juvenilis abundantia
inulta habet attenuata, Cic. ; over-refined; ejus
oratio nimia religione attenuata, Cic.
attenuo (ad-tSnuo), 1. to make thin. A. Lit.,
1, corpus, Ov. ; 2, of number, to lessen, legio
proeliis attenuata, Caes. ; 3, of strength, to
weaken; vires diutino morbo attenuatae, Liv.;
4, of tho voice, to make shrill, Cic. B. Transf.,
cuias, Ov. ; inslgnem, degrade, Hor.
attero (ad and tSro) -trivi (-tertti), -tiitum, 3.
A. Lit., 1, to rub against; leniter caudain, Hor.
2, to rub or wear away ; attrita ansa, Verg. B.
Transf., to weaken, ruin ; opes, Sail.: aliquem,
Sail.
attestor (ad and testor), 1. dep. to attest,
bear witness to, Pliaedr.
attexo (ad and texo) -texui -textum, 3. (o
weave or plait on or to. A. Lit., loricas excratibus,
Caes. B. Transf., to add, vos ad id, quod erit
immortale, partem attexitote mortalem, Cic.
Atthis -idis, f. ( At&s), A ttic, Athenian, Mart.
Subst., f. 1, Attica, Lucr. ; 2, nightingale or
swallow, Mart. ; 3, name of a friend of Sappho, Ov.
Attica -ae, f. (Attik>;), Attica, the most cele-
brated country of Greece,with Athens for its capital.
Attice, adv. (Atticus), in the Attic or Athenia n
manner, dieere, Cic.
atticiSSO,l. (aTTiK^u), to imitate the Athenian
mode of speaking, Plaut.
Atticus -a -um ('Attikos), 1, belonging lo
Atticaor Athens, Attic, Athenian ; Virgo, i.e., Cane-
plinros, Hor. ; pelex, Philomela, Mart. Plur.
Attici -oruni, m. the Athenians, Cic. ; 2, Attic,
Athenian, with reference to style, art, etc., stilus,
simple, Cic. ; aures, delicate, Cic. ; hence Attici
= the Athenian orators, Cic.
AttYcus, T. Pomponius, the intimate friend
of Cicero, who received his surname of Atticus
from his long residence ill Athens.
attineo -tiniii -tentum, 2. (ad and teneo),
I. Transit., to hold near, keep. A. Lit., aliquem
castjls, careerc, publics custodia, T^c. J£ T '
att
61
auc
Traiisf., slmul Romanum et Numidam spe pacis,
to amuse, Sail. II. Intransit., to pertain to, or
concern, only in 3rd person ; cetera quae ad
colendam vHem attinebunt, Gic. ; esp. ill the
expression, quod attinet ad aliquein or illiquid,
in respect to; qui onmes, quod ad nie attinet,
vcllem viverent, «.s- far as J am concerned, Cic ;
nihil attinet me plura seribere, it is of no vie,
Cic.
attingo -tigi -tactum, 3. (ad and tango), to
touch. A. Lit., 1, digito se caelum attigisse
putare, Cie. ; 2, to arrive at a place; Italiam,
Cic. ; arces igneas, Hor. ; 3. of places, to touch
upon, border upon, Cappadocia regio ea quae
Ciliciam attingit, Cic. ; 4, to attack; Sulla queni
primum hostes attigerant, Sail. ; 5, to touch,
i.e., to ajipropriate to oneself; de praeda mea
nee teruncium attigit, Cic. ; 6, tostrike, si digito
quern attigissefc, poenas dedisset, Cic. ; 7, to
embrace, Ov. B. Transf., 1, to touch; of sen-
sations, voluptas aut dolor aliquein attingit,
Cie. ; 2, to have to do with, to touch, to reach to;
corporis similitudo attingit naturamaniiui, Cic. ;
attingere aliquein necessitudine, to be closely
connected v:ith,Cic. ; 3, &,tohandle, manage, devote
oneself to; rempublicam, Cic. ; Graecas litteras,
Cic. ; rem militarem, Caes ; b, to glance at cur-
sorily; libruni strictim, Cic; 4, in writing or
speech, to mention; illani injuriam non attingere,
Cic.
AttiS (AtthiS and Atys) -Mis, in. a Phry-
gian shepherd, beloved by Cybele.
Attius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous member ofwli ich was P. Attius Varus,
a praetor in Africa at the time of the war between
Caesar and Ponipeius, a supporter of the latter ;
hence adj., Attianus -a -um, Attian.
attollo, no perf. or sup., 3. to raise up, lift up.
I. Lit. A. vix prae lacrimis oculos, Liv. ; ininas,
iras (of a snake raising its head in anger), Verg. ;
se attollere, or middle, attolli, to raise oneself,
Verg. B. to erect, raise; molem.Verg. ; terra se
attollere tandem visa, to rise, appear, Verg. II.
Transf., to raise, elevate; a, vocem, Quint.; b,
to elevate, excite, distinguish; animos ad spem
consulatus, Liv. ; rempublicam bello armisque,
Tac.
attondeo -tondi -tonsum, 2. I. Lit. to shear,
shave, cut ; vitem, Verg. II, Transf., to make
less, diminish, Cic, poet.
attdnitus -a -um, p. adj. (from attono), stnwk
by thunder; hence, 1, stunned, terrified, sense-'
less ; magna pars iutegris corporibus attoniti
concidunt, Liv. ; 2, inspired; vates, Hor. ; at-
tonitae Bacelto niatres, Verg.
attono -tonui-tonitum, 1. to strike with thun-
der, stun, make soiseless, Ov.
attorqueo, 2. to whirl, swing upward, Verg.
attractio -5nis, f. (attraho), a drawing to
oneself; hence, litteraruin, assimilation, Varr.
attraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to draw to, attract.
I. Lit. A. Of things, magnes lapis, qui ferrum ad
se allieiat. et attrahat, Cic B. Of persons, to
drag ; tribunos attrahi ad se jussit, Liv. II.
Transf. , 1, to attract ; nihil esse quod ad se rem
ullam tain allieiat et tarn attrahat quam adami-
citiam similitudo, Cic. ; 2, to take with one ; ali-
quein Romani, Cic.
attrectatus -u, in. (attrecto), a handling,
touching, ap. Cic
attrecto, 1. (ad and tracto), to touch, handle.
I. Gen., blanditia popularis aspicitnr, non at-
trectatur, Cic II. A. to touch unlawfully, in
an improper manner; libros (Sibyllinos) con-
taminatis inanibus attrcctare, Cic B. to lay
hands on, to appropriate ; gazas, Liv.
, Jittrcpido. 1. to stumble along, Plant.
attribuo -ui -iitum, 3. to allot to, assign to,
A. Lit. 1, servos, pastorcs armatatque lis equoa
attribuit, Caes. ; 2, of money, to assign, lend;
si modo attribuetur, quantum debetnr, Cic. ; so
of money paid from the public treasury ; pecunia
attribute, numerata est) Cic ; 3, to assign (to
someone to keep or do something); attribuit nos
trucidaudos Cethego, Cic ; esp. of a military
command, oppklum civibus Romanis, Caes. ; 4,
ofa country, to annex, subject ; iusulae, quae erant
a Sulla Rhodiis attributae, Cic. B. Transf., 1, Jo
add, give, cause; summus timor quern mini
natura pudorque mens attribuit, Cic ; 2, gramm.
t. t. re add as an attribute, Cic. ; 3, to ascribe,
impute; bonos exitus diis iminortalibus, Cic.
attributio -onis, f. (attribuo), 1, tlie as-
signment of a debt, Cic; 2, rhefc t.t., an acces-
sory or attribute, Cic.
attributum, -i, n. (attribuo), the predicate,
Cic.
attritus -a -um, p. adj., withcompar. (from
attero). A. rubbed away, worn out, Cic. B.
Transf., frons, shameless, Juv.
Attus Navius, a celebrated augur of the
time of Tarquinius Priscus.
Atys (Attys) -yos, abl. -ye, m. ("Atuj,
"Attu?). I. a son of Hercules and Omphale,
father of Tyrrlienus and Lydus, myth, ancestor
of the Lydian kings. II. the founder of the gens
Alio..
au, interj., oh! haJ Plaut.
auceps -cflpis, m\ (for aviceps, from avis
andcapio). I. Lit., a fowler, bird-catcher, Plant.,
Hor. II. Transf., peritissimum voluptatum
aucupem sapientem esse, Cic. ; syllabariini, a
quibbling critic, caviller, Cic.
auctarium -i, n. (augeo), an increase. Plaut.
auctio ^oh is, f. (augeo), 1, an auction;
anctionem facere, constituere, to appoint an auc-
tion, Cic; praedicare, proscribere, Cic ; propo-
nere, to announce publicly, Quint. ; proferre, to
put off, Cic; 2, that vjhich is sold by auction ;
anctionem vendere, Cic.
auctioaarius -a-um (auctio), relating to an
auction ; atrium, and ion-room, Cic.
auctionor, 1. (auctio) to hold an auction, Cic.
auctlto, 1. (freq. of augeo), to increase very
much, Tac.
aucto, 1. — auctito, Plaut., Lucr.
auctor -oris, m. (augeo). A. originator,
causer, doer ; incendii, Cic. ; vulneris, Verg. ;
esp., 1, the producer of a work of art, artist;
templi, architect, Liv. ; 2, the founder of a fuiuil y,
ancestor ; praeclarus auctor nobilitatistuae, Cic. ;
3, writer, author; carminis, Hor. B. the
origiwitor of a proposal or undertaking, leader,
beginner; nee auctor quamvis audaei facinori
deerat, Liv. ; me auetore, at my request, Cic. ;
auctor interficiendi alicuius, Cie. ; with dat,
illo legibus Caecilii Jletelli contra auspicia fer-
endis auctor, Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad
instituendam (rem), Cic. ; with in and the abl.,
in restituendo auetorem fuisse, Cic. ; alicui auc-
torem esse, to advise, recommend, semper senatui
auctor pacis fui, Cic ; foil, by ut or ne with the
subj., Cic C. the author of apiece of informa-
tion, warrant for its truth ; a, certis auctoribus
coinperisae, Cic. ;b, an authority; mains auctor
Latinitatis, Cic ; Cratippo anctorc, on the au-
thority ofOraiippua, Cic. ; non sordidus auctor
naturae verique, investigator, Hor. ; c, an author
of note; Homerus optiinus auctor, Cic; auctor
rerum Romanarum, hislorum, Cic. ; hence, auc-
tonmcasii, toanswer for, slatepositively ; necpauci
suntauctorcs Cn. Flavium scribam libros protu-
lissc, Cic. D. Lsp., 1, auctor legis or senatus
auo
G2
auf*
COnstlltl, proposer, Liv. ; 2, supporter of a law,
niultarum legum ant anctor aut dissnasor, Cic. ;
3, auctores Bunt patres, the. senators sanction a
law, Cic. ; 4, defender, protector; praeclarus isle
auctor suae civitatis, Cic ; 5, the guarantee of a
right to an estaU ; a malo auctore cmere, Cic. ;
0, nf a guardian, etc., approver, saivctioner ;
quod mulier sine tutorc anctoro promiserit,
without the approval of her guardian, Cic.
auctoramentum -i, n. (anctoro), thepay or
hire for the /< rformance of any duty, Cic.
auctoritas -atis, f. (auctor), contin
a causing to continue. I. A. validity, 1, in Hie
case of property, nans et auctoritas, or simply
auctoritas, valid right to property arising from
prescription; usus et, auctoritas fundi, Cic. ; 2,
in case of an assertion, attestation, security,
authority; publicarum tabularum, Cic; 3,
example, inajorum, Cic. ; alicuiua auctoritatem
sequi, Cic B. the origination of a proposal or
proceeding, support, aid; cuius auctoritas mul-
tum apud me Valet, Cic. C. the expression of
approval or assent, resolve ; 1, lioniinum consilia
et auctoritates, Cic ; 2, of the will of the
people, populi Romaui, Cic ; 3, of public bodies
or magistrates, collegii, Liv. ; 4. of the senate,
a, a. vieasure to which the senate has assented, the
approval of the senate; auctoritatem senatus,
jussa populi Romaui venderc, Cic. ; b, a resolu-
tion of the. senate, prevented from being made
a decree by the veto of the tribunes, si quia
huic senatus consulto inUucessisset, auctoritas
perscribcretur, Cic. D. authorisation, full power,
legatos cum auctoritate mittere, Cic; hence,
power, might, command ; manerc in alicuius auc-
toritate, Liv. II. influence, authority; 1, of a
person, a, lit., auctoritatem habere apud ali-
quein, Cic. ; auctoritatem restituere, levare,
amittore, Cic ; b, meton., a person in authority,
an influential person, Cic; 2, of things, legem,
Cic. ; orationis, Cic
auctoro, 1. (auctor). I. to hire fir money;
refl. auctorare Be, or pass, to hire, engage oneself,
Hor. II. Trans!', to bind oneself; eo pignore
velnt auctoratnm eibi proditorem ratns est, Liv.
auctumnalis -c (anctumnns), autumnal,
Liv.
1. auctumnus -i. in. (augeo), autumn, Cic. ;
meton., septem auctumni = seven years, Ov.
2. auctumnus -a -urn (1. auctumnus), au-
tumnal; frigus, Ov.
1. auctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from augeo), only
used in compar., increased, enlarged, enriched ;
majestas auctior, Liv. ; socii lionore auctiores,
Caes.
1. auctus -us, m. (augeo), an increase, en-
largement, growth; corporis, Lucr. ; iliuninum,
Tac ; imperii, Tac ; maxiinis auctibus crescere,
Liv.
aucupatio -onis, f. (aucupor), fowling, bird-
catching, Quint.
aucupatoriUS -a -uin (aucupor), relating to
fowling, 1'lin.
aucupium -i, n. (auceps), bird-catching,
fowling. I. A. Lit., vitain propagate aucupio,
Cic. B. Meton., the birds caught, Cat. II.
Transf. hunting after anything; delectation is,
after pleasure, dr.; ancnpia verborum, caviili j,
quibbling, Cic.
aucupor, l. den. (anceps). I. Lit. to
catch birds, Van*. II. Transf! /•< chase, strive
for, lie in trait for ; verba, Cio. ; errores hoinin-
uin, Cic ; inaiiein rumorem, Cic. ; tempeatates,
to wait for finer weather, Cic.
audacia -ae, f. (audax), 1, courage, boldness,
daring ; audacia in bello, Sail. ; 2, audacity,
impudence, temerity; audacia et impudentia
fretus, Cic ; alicuius audaciam debilitare, Cic ;
frangere, Liv. ; contnndere et frangere, Cic ;
plur, audaciae, audacious deals, Cic
audaciter, and audacter, adv., with
compar. and superl. (audax), boldly (in a good or
bad sense), audaciously, rashly, impudently, Cic.
audax -iicis, adj., with compar. and superl.
(audeo), daring (in a good or bad sense), bold,
courageous, audacious, roth, foolhardy; n, of
persons, Verres homo audacissimus atque ainen-
tissinms, Cic-. ; panlo ad facinus audacior, Cic. ;
audax in convocandis hominilms et ariaandis,
Cic ; b, of tilings, consilium prima specie teme-
rarium magis quam audax, Liv.
audons -entis, p. adj., with compar. and
superl. (from audeo), daring, bold, Yerg.
audenter, adv. (audens), boldly, Tac.
audentia -ae, f. (audens), boldness, courage,
Cie.
audeo, ausus sum, 2. (connected with avi-
dns), to dare, venture; audeo dicere, I venture
to assert, Cic ; with aec, tantum facinus, Liv. ;
proelium, aeiem, Tac. ; with in and the abl.,
ausurum se in tribunis, quod princeps familiae
suae ausus in regibus csset, Liv.; with pro and the
abl., pro vita majoraaudereprobavi, Yerg. ; absol.,
quod sperant, quod audent, omne Caesari acccp-
tum referre possunt, Cic. ; adversus Neronein
ausus, Tac. ; audcre in proclia, Yerg.
audiens -entis. I. Partic of audio (q.v.).
II. Subst. a hearer, Cie.
audientia -ae, f. (audio), hearing, listening,
attention ; alicui audientiam facere, to get a hear-
ing for any one by commanding silence, Cic, Liv.
audio, 4. (connected with amis), to hear. I,
to hare the power of hearing ; audiclidi sen.su
carere, Cic TLtohcar something. A. claniorcm,
Cacs. ; galli cantuin, Cic; with double aec.,
te, ut spero, propediem censorem audiemus,
Cie. ; with aec and intin., saepc hoe majores
natu dicere audivi, Cic; with ace and partic,
Sdque Socratem audio dicentem, Cic ; with rela-
tive clause, audire enim cupio quid lion probes,
Cic ; with de and the abl, multa falsa dc me
audierunt, Cic; the person from whom a tiling is
heard is put in the abl. with ab or de, Cic Perf.
part., as subst., auditum -i, n. hearsay; nihil
habeo praeter auditum, Cic B. to listen to;
a, aliquem lubenter studioseque, Cic ; of judges,
to lone a. case ; audire de ainbitu, Cic; of pupils,
"to listen to a master, to attend the classes or lec-
tures of a professor; annum jam audire Cra-
tippnm, Cic; b, to listen to requests; preces,
Cic. ; c, of stories or persons, to listen to, i.e.,
to give credence to; si fahulas audire volumus,
Cic. ; audio, / believe it, Cic. ; d, to obey, to fol-
low ; aliquem amicissime monenteiu, Cic. ; dicto
audicntem esse; with dat, to obey ; 11011 fore
dicto audienles milites, Caes. C. to be called
(like Qr. clkovio), Matutine pater, sen Jane liben-
tius audis, Ilor. ; bene audire, to be well spoken
of; a propinquis, Cic.
auditio -onis, f. 1, (audio), hearing, listen-
ing; aliquid multa lectione atque auditione aase-
qui, Cic. ; 2, hearsay report; levem auditionem
habere pro re comperta, Cic. ; plur., lictae audi-
tiones, Cic
auditor -oris, in. (audio), a hearer, auditor,
scholar; alicui auditorem venire, Cic.
auditorium -i, n. (audio), a place of audience,
', court of jv lice, etc, Tac ; a school,
Quint. ; circle of listeners, Plin.
auditus -us, m. (audio). I. Gen., hearing ;
tlie sense, of hearing, Cic II. Esp., listening, Tac
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatum, 3. (ab and
fero). I. to carry away, tarry off remove. At
Auf-
63
Aul
Lit., inter manus e convicio tamquam e proelio
auferri, Cic. ; se e conspcctu alicuius, Cic. ;
auforov in scopulos, Ov. B. Transf., to draw
away from one's aim, seduce; ne te auferant
aliorum consilia, Cic. II. to take away with,
hear of; sometimes in good, but oftaier in bad
sense, to rob, steal. A. Lit., a, of persons ;
multa palam domain, Cic. ; aurieulam mordicus,
to bite, off, Cic. ; b, of things; hi ludi XV. dies
auferent, Cic. ; mora Achillem abstulit, Hor.
B. Transf., 1, ilia autem, quae contrariis com-
motionibus auferenda sunt, Cic. ; 2. to cairy off,
i.e. to gain, obtain; tantum abstulit quantum
petiit, Cic. ; responsumab aliquo, Cic. ; 3, to lay
aside, cease from; aufer abhinc lacrimas, Lucr.
Auf idena -ae, f. a town in Samnium, now
Alfidena.
AufldlUS -a -urn, name of a Roman gens.
Auf Idus -i, m. a river in Apulia, now Ofanto.
aufugto -fugi, 3. (aband fugio), to flee away,
Cic.
Auge -es, f. (Auyrj), daughter of Aleus and
Neaera, mother of Telephus by Hercules.
Augeasand Augias-ae, m. (Avyeias), king
of the Epeans in Elis, the cleansing of whose
stable, which had not been cleansed for thirty
years, was one of the labours of Hercules.
augeo, auxi, auctum, 2. (connected with
avfoino), to make to increase. I. to cause to grow,
to fertilise; aer humorein colligens terram auget
imbribus, makes fertile, Cic. II. In a wide
sense, to make larger; a, to strengthen, lias
munitiones, Caes. ; b, of rivers, to cause to rise,
geu. in pass., augeri = to be swollen; aninis
ninibis hiemalibus auctus, Ov. ; c, of number
or quantity, to increase; numerum legatorum,
Cic. ; d, of degree, vitiuin ventris et gutturis,
Cic. ; populi Romani imperium, Cic. ; e, of moral
or intellectual qualities or feelings, benevolen-
tiain, Cic. ; luctuni, Cic. ; f, in speech, to extol,
set forth ; hostium vim et copias et felicitatem,
Cic. ; g, to, enrich, to honour; cives suos copia
rerum, Cic. ; augeri cognomento Augustae, Tac.
augesco, auxi, 3. (inch, of augeo), to begin
to grow, to increase ; a, quae (uva) et suco terrae
et calore solis augescens primo est peracerba
gustu, Cic. ; b, politically, to increase in strength;
quum hostium res tantis augescere rebus cer-
neret, Liv.
augmen -Inis, n. (augeo), an increase, growth,
Lucr.
augur -uris, c. are augur, soothsayer, seer, Cic. ;
aquae augur aunosa cornix, prophetess of rain,
Hor.
auguralis -e (augur), relating to an augur
or augury; coena, Cic. Subst., augurale -is,
n. the part of the Roman camp where the auguries
were taken, Tac.
auguratio -onis, f. (auguro), divining, sooth-
saying, Cic.
auguratus -us, m. (auguro), the office of an
augur, Cic.
augurium -i, n. (augur), tlie observation and
interpretation of omens, augury. I. A. Lit.,
augurium capere, Liv. ; salutis, are augury in
time of peace (to inquire if it were permitted to
pray to the gods de salute reipublicae), Cic. B.
Transf., a, any kind of prophecy ; o mea frustra
semper verissima auguria rerum futurarnm, Cic. ;
b, presentiment ; inlmeret in mentibus quasi
saeculorum quoddam augurium futurorum, Cic.
II. Meton., A. Subject., the science of augury ;
Apollo augurium citharamque dabat, Verg. B.
Object., 1, an omen; augurium accipere, Liv. ;
2, a sign, token, Ov.
augiirius -a -urn (augur), relating to an
auqw f JUSj Cic.
auguro, 1. (augur). I. to act as an augur;
sacerdotcs salutem popult auguranto, take the
auguries for, etc., Cic; pass., locus auguratur,
the place is consecrated by auguries, Cic. ; augurato
(abl. absol.), after taking tlie auguries, Liv. II.
Transf. A. to prophesy, Cic. B. to liave a fore-
boding or presentiment; praesentit animus et
augurat quodainmodo, quae futura sit suavitas
Cic.
auguror, 1 . dep. (augur). I. to perform the
functions of an augur, to foretell by auguries; ex
passerum numero belli Trojani annos, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, to foretell; alicui mortem, Cic; 2, to
guess; quantum auguror con jectura aut opinione,
Cic. ; quum ex nomine istius, quid in provincia
facturus esset, perritfxule homines auguraren-
tur, Cic.
Augusta -ae, f. I. name of the wife, daughter,
mother, or sister of the Roman Emperor. II. name
of several towns named after the emperor, Augusta
Taurinorum (Turin), Augusta Praetoria Masto),
Augusta Treverorum (Treves), Augusta Emerita
(Merida), Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg).
Augustalis -e (Augustus), belonging to or
in honour of tlie Emperor Augustus. -
auguste, adv. with compar. (augustus),
reverentkdly ; auguste et sancto venerari dcos,
Cic.
Augustodunum -i, town of the Aedui in
Gaul, now Autun.
1. augustus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
superl. (augeo), 1, consecrated, holy ; Eleusis ■
sancta ilia et augusta, Cic. ; 2, majestic, digni-
fied; vestis augustissima, Liv.
2. Augustus -i, m. surname of Octavianus
after his elevation to the imperial power, and of
all subseqiient Roman emperors.
3. Augustus -a -urn, relating to Augustus;
pax, Ov. ; mensis, August, formerly called Sex-
tilis, changed to Augustus in honour of the
emperor.
aula -ae, f. (av\rj). I. the fore-court in a build-
ing, Hor. ; yard for cattle, Prop. II. = atrium,
an inner court, Verg. III. a palace. A. Lit.,
aula Priami, Hor. ; so of the dwellings of the
gods, ilia se jactet in aula Aeolus, Verg. ; of the
lower world, immanis janitor aulae (of Cer-
berus), Verg. ; of a bee-hive, Verg. B. Meton.,
a, the court, courtiers; puer ex aula, Hor. ; divisa
et discors aula erat, Tac. ; b, princely power ;
auctoritate aulae constitute, Cic
aulaeum -i, n. (avXaia), usually plur., 1,
curtain, tapestry; aulaea superba, Verg. ; 2, a
canopy, Hor. ; 3, curtain of a tluatre, fastened
below and let down at the beginning of a piece,
and drawn up at the end ; aulaeum tollitur,
Cic. ; 4, an embroidered upper garment, Juv.
Aulerci -oruni, m. a people of Gallia Celtica,
divided into four branches ; a, Aulerci Eburovi-
ces, in modern Normandy ; b, Aulerci Cenomani,
in modern Dep. do la Sarthe ; c, Aulerci Bran-
novices, on the Loire ; d, Aulerci Diablintes or
Diablinti, in Modern Dep. de la Maine. -
aulicus -a -um, (ai/\rj), belonginq 'to the
court, princely, Suet. Subst., aulicl -oruni,
m. courtiers, Nep.
Aulis -Idis, f. (AuAt's), a port in Boeotia,
where the Greek fleet collected before sailing to
Troy.
auloedus -i, m. (aiiAuSfc), one who sings to
the flute, Cic.
Aulon -onis, m. a celebrated wine-district
near Tarenium.
Aulularia -ae, f. the title of « comedy of
Plautus.
atif
64
aua
aura^-ae, old genit. aura? (avpa), atr. A. 1,
ttte motion of the air, wind ; nocturna aura uti
(of ships), Caes. ; venti et aurae cient mare,
Liv.; 2, maton., plur. aurae, a, the heavens;
cuvsum per auras dlrigere, Verg. ; stat fervea
turris adaura8, Verg.; b, the world above; venire
superas ad auras, the light of day, Verg. ; ferre
sub auras, to make known, Verg. ; 3, transf.,
breath, sign; rumoris, Cic. ; aura popularis, the
breath of popular favour, Cic. ; 4, the air that vat
breathe; auris vitalibus vesci, Verg. B. 1, smell,
Verg. ; 2, glitter ; auri, Verg. ; 3, echo, Prop.
aurarlus -a -um (aurum), golden, relating to
gold, Plin. Subst., auraria -ae, f. (sc. fodina),
a gold mine, Tac.
auratus -a -urn (aurum), golden, gilt; tecta,
Cic. ; vestis, Ov.
A ur ell us -a -um, name of a Roman plebeian
Sens (with the surnames Cotta, Orestes, Scaurus).
Aurelius, M., v. Antoninus.
aureolas -a -urn (dim. of aureus). A. Lit.,
golden, . Plaut. B. Transf., glittering, splendid,
beautiful; libellus, Cic.
aureus -a -um (aurum), golden. I. 1, made
of gold; a. lit., anulus, Cic. ; numinus, and
absol., a golden coin, Cic; b, transf., excellent,
beautiful ; Venus, Verg. ; mores, Hor. ; 2, gilt,
ornamented with gold ; amiculura, Cic. ; sella,
Cic. ; currus, the triumphal car, Cic. ; Pactolus,
with golden sands, v. II. of the colour of gold ;
color, Ov. ; caesaries, Verg.
aurichalchum = orichalchum (q.v.).
auricomus -a -um (aurum and coma). I.
golden -Mired, P. Aug. II. Transf., golden-
leaved ; fetus arboris, Verg.
auricula -ae, f. (dim. of auris), the lobe of the
ear, the ear. I. Lit., auricula infima- Cic; auricu-
lam mordicus auferre, Cic; praecepitum auriculis
instillare, Hor. II. Meton., plur. = favourable
hearing, Pers.
aurifer -fera -fgrum (aurum and fero). I.
gold-bearing, gold-producing, arbor (of a tree in
the garden of the Hesperides), Cic. poet. II.
bringing gold; Tagus, Ov. ; amnis, Cat.
aurifex -ficis, m. (aurum and fucio), a gold-
smith, Cic.
aurifodina -ae, f. a gold mine, Plin.
• auriga -ae, c (from old aurea = reins and
ago), charioteer, driver. I. Lit., Verg., Caes. ;
esp. one who contends in tlie chariot race in the
circus, Cic II. Transf., poet., a helmsman, Ov.
Aurigena -ae, c (aurum and gigno), begotten
of gold; epithet of Perseus, son of DanaS, Ov.
auriger -gSra -gerum (aurum and gero), gold-
bearing ; taurus, with gilt horns, Cic poet.
aurigo. 1. (auriga), to be a charioteer, contend
in the clutriot race, Suet.
auriplgmentum -i, n. orpiment, Plin.
auris -is, f. (connected with aiulio), the ear.
L A. Lit., aures; erigere, Cic, arrigere, Ter.,
to prick up the ears; adhibere, admovere, Cic,
applicare, Hor., to listen; praebere aures con-
viciis adolescentlum, Liv. ; dare, Cic, to give a
hearing to; accipere auribus, Cic. ; aliquem ad-
monere ad aurem, to whisper advice in the ear,
Cic; claudere aures alicui, Cic; demittere aures
'as a sign of submission), Hor. ; dicere in aurem
dicui aliquid, Cic ; insusurrare ad aurem or in
aures, Cic\ ; oifendere aures, Cic ; aures refereire
aliqua re, Cic ; aures respuunt aliquid, Cic ;
aervire aiicuius auribus, to syieak according to the
wish of, Caes. ; dormire in utramvis aurem, to
sleep soundly, be without anxiety, Ter. B. Meton.,
a, the hearing, as Judging of the nip.riri of a
Cic II. Transf., aures; the earth or mould'
boards of a plough, Verg.
auriscalpium -i, n. an ear-pick, Mart.
auritulus -i, m. (dim. of auritus), the long-
eared one, i.e., the ass, Phaedr.
auritus -a -um (auris). A. Lit., long-eared;
lepus, Verg. B. Transf., attentive, Hor. ; testis
auritus, a hearsay witness, Plaut.
aurora -ae, f. (avus, aa>'?, 1710'?}, the break of
day, redness of morning. I. Lit., A. Gen., Verg.,
Liv. B. Personified, Aurora, goddess of morn-
ing, Ov. II. Meton., the east, Ov.
aurum -i, n. gold. I. A. Lit., Cic B.
Meton., something made of gold, gold plate, Lucr.;
a golden goblet, Verg. ; chain, necklace, Verg. ;
ring, Juv. ; bit, Verg. ; the golden fleece, Ov. ; gold
coin, money, Cic II. Transf., A. the colour or
glittering of gold, Ov. B. the golden age, Hor.
Aurunci -orum, m. the people of Aurunca ;
Aurunoa -ae, f. a town in Campania. Adj.,
Auruncus -a -um, Auruncian.
Ausci -orum, m. a people in Aquitania.
auscultatio -onis, f. (ausculto) ; 1, a listen
ing, Sen. ; 2, obedience, Plaut.
auscultator -oris, m. (ausculto), a listener,
Cic.
ausculto, 1. (for ausiculito, from ausicula
= auricula). I. to hear attentively; populum,
Cat. II. Esp., A. to listen in secret, to overliear,
Plaut. ; in a good sense, to attend, wait at the
door, Hor. B. to obey ; mihi ausculta ; vide-ne
tibi desis, Cic.
Ausetanl -orum, m. a Spanish people in
modem Catalonia; hence adj., Ausetanus
-a -um, Ausetanian.
Ausones -um, m. (Auo-oi/es), aboi-igines of
Centred and Southern Italy; hence, A. Ausonia
-ae, f. Ausonia, Lower Italy, Ov. ; Italy, Verg.
B. Adj., Ausdnius -a -um ; poet., Italian,
Verg.^ Subst., Ausonil = Ausones, Verg. C.
Ausdnidae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Auso-
nia, or generally of Italy, Verg. D. Ausonis
-idis, Awsonian, Italian, Verg.
auspcx -Icis, c (for avispex, from avis and
specio). I. one who observes the habits of birds
for purposes of divination ; latores et auspices
legis curiatae (Caesar and Pompeius), Cic. II.
Transf., A. favourer, protector, leader; Teucro
dnce et auspice Teucro, Hor. B. a person who
witnessed the marriage contract, best, man, bride-
groom' s friend, etc (jrapoi<u/u<£os), Cic.
auspicato, adv. (lit. abl. absol. of auspico),
in a fortunate hour ; urbem condere, Cic.
auspicatus -a -um (auspico), 1, consecrated
by auguries, Cic; 2, favourable, auspicious;
initium, Tac.
auspicmm -li, n. (for avispicium), dhnna-
tion by means of birds. I. A. Lit., in auspicio
esse, to act as augur, Cic ; praeesse auspiciis,
Cic ; adhibere aliquem in auspicium, Cic. ; ausr
picio uti, Cic ; auspicia dissolvere, Cic ; esp.,
tine right to take auspices, propraetores auspicia
non habent, Cic. ; auspicia ponere, to lay down a
magistracy, Cic; imperio atque auspicio aiicuius,
under the command of (in war the commander-in-
chief alone had the right of taking the auspices),
Liv. B. Transf., control, protection, guidance;
suis auspiciis ducere vitam, Verg. II. Meton.,
an omen, sign ; optimum, Cic. ; aves auspicium
ratum fecere, Cic.
auspico, 1. (auspex), to take the auspices;
aliquid, to accept as an omen, Plant.
auspicor, 1. dep. (auspex), 1, to take the
auspices ; nuspicari oblitus est, Cic ; 2, to begin
vr nr.mi tntivices, Tac ; to begin, Suet.
aus
aUSter -stri, m. I. tlte south wind, Cic. II.
Meton., the south, Verg.
austere adv. (austerus), severely, gravely,
austerely, Cic.
austeritas -atis, f. (austerus). I. Lit., a,
harshness, sourness of taste, Plin. ; b, darkness of
colour, Pliu. II. Transf., strictness, austerity,
Quint.
austerus -a -am (avanjpos). I. sour, harsh
in taste, Plin. II. Transf... 1, strict, severe,
austere; ilio austero more ac inodo, Cic; 2,
sad, ijloomy, melancholy, burdensome ; labor, Hor.
australis -e (auster), southern, Cic.
austrinus -a -um (auster), southern, Verg.
ausum -i, n. (ausus, from audeo), a daring
deed, undertaking, Verg.
aut, conj. disjunct., or, or else, or rather, Cic;
aut . . . aut, either . . . or, Cic; neque . . . aut,
= neque . . . neque, poet. ; aut vero, or indeed
(used ironically), Cic; aut certe, or at least,
Cic. ; aut saltern, aut potius, aut etiam, Cic.
autem, conj. adversat. (avre), but, on the
contrary, however, moreover; never used at the
beginning of a clause ; joined with adeo, porro,
tuni, ast, even with sed ; when used to correct a
word before used = did I say ? nuifl quia testis
Postumum appellavit? Testis autem? Nuin
accusator? Cic.
authepsa -ae, f. (auT<k and t'^w), a cooking-
store, Cic.
aUtSgraphUS -a -um (aiiTdypa<#>os), written
with ones own hand, Suet.
Autdlycus -i, m. (Ai/ToAuKot), son of Mer-
cury, famous for his thefts.
autfimatus (3s) -a -um (-6n), adj. (auTo/ia-ros),
self-acting, Petr. Subst., automaton -i, n. an
automaton, Suet.
Automedon -ontis, m. (A.!nop.i8uiv), the
charioteer of Achilles ; appelh, a charioteer, Cic
Autonoe -es, f. (\vtov6ti), mother of Actaeon.
Adj., Autoneius -a -um, heros, Actaeon, Ov.
autumnus, etc., v. auctumnus.
autumo, 1. (orig. aituino, from aio), to say,
assert, Plant., Ter.
auxiliaris -e (auxilium), giving help, assist-
ing, auxiliary. I. Gen., Ov. II. Esp., auxili-
ares, (sc. miiites, cohortes), auxiliary or allied
troops, Caes., Tac. ; hence, belonging to the allied
troops; auxiliaria stipendia, Tac
auxiliarius -a -um (auxilium), 1, helping,
auxiliary, Plant. ; 2, milit. 1. 1., miiites, auxi-
liary troops, Cic.
auxiliator -oris, m. (auxilior), a helper,
assister, Tac.
auxiliatus -us, m. (auxilior), help, assist-
ance, Lucr.
auxilior, 1. dep. (auxilium), to help, assist,
support; alicui, Cic. ; especially used of medical
aid, Ov.
auxilium -i, n. (augeo), help, aid, assistance.
I. Gen., adjnngere sibi auxilium, Cic ; arcessere
aliquem auxilio, to help, Caes. ; ad auxilium con-
venire, Caes. ; dare adversus aliquem auxilium,
Liv. ; esse auxilio alicui, Caes. ; consuli ad-
versus intercessionem collegae auxilio esse, Liv.;
alicui nemo auxilio est, quin, etc., Liv. ; auxilio
ei futuruni ne causam dicat, Liv. ; expetere
auxilium ab aliquo, Cic. ; exspectare vestrum
auxilium, Cic. ; alicui ferre auxilium, Cic. ; ferre
alicui auxilium contra tantam vim, Cic ; im-
plorare auxilium alicuius, Cic. ; aliquem auxilio
mittere, Cic. ; petere auxilium ab aliquo, Cic. ;
polliceri auxilium alicui rei, Cic. ; venire auxilio
alicui, Caes. ; plur., illorum auxiliis uti, Cic.
65 ave
II. Esp., plur., a, military power I eqtlitum
peditumque, Caes. ; b, auxilia, auxiliary troops,
Cic, Caes.
avare, adv. with com par. and sliperl. (ava-
rus), avariciously, covetously, Cic.
Avaricum -i, n. capital of the liituriges Cubi
in Aquitauia, now Bourges.
avariter, adv. (avarus), greedily, Plant.
avaritia -ae (avarities -ei, Lucr.), f. amr-
ice, cupidity, covetousness ; ardere avaritia, Cic;
avaritia perire, Cic. ; plur., omnes avaritiae, all
kinds of avarice, Cic.
avarus -a -um (connected with aveo and
avidus). I. Gen., covetous, greedy; mare, Hor. ;
with genit., publicae pecuniae avarus, Tac. II.
Esp., greedy after money, avaricious; homo
avarus et furax, Cic. Subst, avarus -i, m.
the avaricious man, Hor.
aveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to carry off, bear
away, Verg., Liv. ; pass, to ride off, Liv.
avello -velli and -vulsi (-volsi) -vulsura (-vol-
sum), 3. to tear away, pluck away. I. Lit., poma
ex arboribus, cruda si sint, vi avelluntur, Cic. ;
sive seoetur aliquid sive avellatur a corpore,
Cic. II. to take away with violence, separate.
A. Lit., de matris complexu avellere atque ab-
strahere, Cic. ; ex complexu avelli, Cic. ; avulsiia
a meis, Cic B. Transf., aliquem convicio ab
errore, Cic.
avena -ae, f. I. a, oats, Verg. ; b, wild oats,
Cic. ; steriles, Verg. II. Transf., the shepherd's
pipe, Ov. ; plur., junctae avenae or strnctae
avenae, the Pan-pipes, Ov.
avenaccus -a -um (avena), oaten; farina,
Plin.
avenarius -a -um, relating or belonging to
oats, Plin."
Aventinum -1, n. and Aventinus -i, m.
the Aventine, one of the hills of Rome, Cic. Adj.,
Aventinus -a -um, of or belonging to the Aven-
tine.
1. aveo, 2. (cf. Sanskr. av, to wish), lit., to print
after; hence, to desire; aveo genus legationi.".
Cic. ; gen. with infin., valde aveo scire quid
agas, Cic.
2. aveo (haveo), 2. to be well ; found only
in the imp. ave, aveto, avete, hail I farewell! a
formula of greeting and farewell used by the
Romans, Cic.
Avernus -a -um (aop^o?), without Hrds; loca,
places where birds cannot live on account of the
pestilential exhalation, Lucr. Subst., Avernus
-i, the lake Avernus, near Cumae, said to be the
entrance to the infernal regions ; the infernal
regions themselves, Ov. ; hence, adj., Avernus
-a -um, Avernalis -e, relating to Avernus, or
the lower world.
averrunco, 1. to turn, away, avert; iram
deorum, Liv.
aversabilis (aversor), that from, which one
must turn away, horrible, Lucr.
1. aversor, dep. (averto). A. to turn aivay
(on account of shame, disgust, etc.) ; aversari
advocati, vix etiam ferre posse, Cic. ; with ace,
(ilium, Liv. B. Transf., to repel, turn away,
avoid, shun; principes Syracusanorum, Liv.;
preces, Liv. ; aliquem ut parricidam liberum,
Liv.
2. aversor -6r», m. (averto), an embezzler;
pecuniae publicae, Cic.
aversus -a -um, p. ndj. (from averto). A.
turned away, backward, behind (opp. adversus) ;
adversus et aversus impudicus es, before and
behind, Cic ; quendam actorem aversum (turn'
ing his back on the people) solitum esse dicers,
ave
G6
Bde
C'ic. ; avcrsos boves in spelUncaiii traxit, Liv.
1'lur. subst., aversa -oruin, u. the back parts;
urbis, Liv. B. disinclined, unfavourable to,
averse from; a versus a vera, Die. ; with dat.,
aversua raercaturis, Hor.
averto(avorto)-vertl(-vorti)-versum(-vor-
sum), :!. to turn away, turn off, remove. I. Lil
A. Gen. Lepidus se avertit, Cla ; nliqukl uij
oculis, Cic. ; flumina, divert, Cic. ; iter, Caen.,
Liv. ; lience, 1, pass., averti (as middle), averaus
ab suo [tinere, turning away, Liv. ; 2, active,
as reflexive, prora avertit, Verg. B. Esp. 1, to
drive away by violence; barbaros a port is cas-
trorum, Caes. ; 2, to carry off, appropriate to
oneself, embezzle ; pecuniain publican). Cic. ;
hereditatein, Cic. ; quatuor tamos a stabulis,
Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen., 1, to keep off some-
thing dangerous; pestem ab Aegyptiis, Cic;
quod omen dli avertant, Cic. ; 2, to keep some-
thing dangerous or disgraceful off some one; qui
me a tanta infamia averterit, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
to turn, away, divert (thoughts or wishes, etc.),
Antonii furorem a pemicie reipublicae, Cic. ; cogi-
lationem a miseriis, Cic. ; aliquem a consihis
pacis ; 2, to estrange; alicuius animuin a se,
Cic.
&VKI -ae, f. (avus), a grandmother, Cic.
aviarius -a -um (avis), relating to birds;
rete, Varr. Subst., aviarlum -ii, n., a, a
place where birds are kept, an aviary, Cic. ; b, the
haunts of wild birds in the woods, Verg.
avide, adv. (avidus), greedily; exspeetare,
appetere, arripere, Cic.
aviditas -atis (avidus), f. A. Gen., vehe-
ment desire, avidity; eibi, pecuniae, for food,
money, Cic. ; legendi, Cic. B. Esp., desire of
money, avarice, Cic.
avidus -a -um (1. aveo), vehemently desiring,
greedy. I. a, with genit., cibi, Ter. ; laudia,
Cic. ; novaruiu return, Liv. ; belli gerendi, Sail. ;
b, with intln., Verg. ; c, with in and the ace,
Liv. ; d. witli ad and the ace, Liv. ; e, with
n and the abl., in pecuniis loeupletium, Cic.
II. Absol. A. Lit., a, covetous, greedy of money ;
Jicres, Hor. ; subst., a miser, Cic. ; b, greedy
in respect of food, gluttonous ; convivae, Hor. ;
leones, bloodthirsty, Ov.; c, transf., auresavidae,
eager to hear, Cic. ; libido, Insatiable, Cie. ; mare,
Hor.; d, hot, ardent, eager to fight; legiones,
Tac. B. Fig., wide, large, vast, Lucr.
avis -is, f. (connected with aryxt). I. Gen.,
a bird, and coll. the whole race of birds, Cic. II.
Esp., omen, as the chief method of divination
among the Romans was by birds; avibua bonis
Ov. ; seeundis, Liv., with good omens; avi mala,
Hor. ; sinistra, riant. ; adversa, witli bad omen.
Cic.
avitUS -a -um (avus), relating to a grand-
father, ancestral ; bona paterna et avita, Cic. ;
nierum, very old, Ov.
avius -a -um (a and via). I. out of the right
way, untrodden; avii saltus inontesque, Liv.
Subst., avium -i, n. a by-v.<ay, a solitary place. ;
avia dum sequor, Verg. II. Poet., A. out of the
left)/, wandering, remote; in mnntea se avius
abdidit altos, Verg. B. Transf., straying, wander-
ing ; a vera ratione, Lucr.
avooatio -onis, f. (avoeo), a calling away
from; a cogitanda molestia, Cic.
avdeo, \. to call away, or off. A. Lit., popu-
lum abarmis, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to withdraw,
remove, divert ; Socrates videtur primus a rebus
occultis avocasse philosophfam, Cie. ; seneetus
avoeat a rebus gerendis, Cic; 2, to relieve;
luctum lusibus, Sen.
avolo, 1. to fly away. . A. Lit., Cat. B.
Transf., to hasten away; experiar ceite ut liihfl
avolem ; so of the dying, liinc avolurc, Cic
avunculus -i, m. (dim. of avus), a mother's
brother, uncle (patruus, <( father's brother); mag-
nus, a grandmother's brother, a great-uncle, Cie.
avus -i, m. a grandfather, Cic. ; generally on
ncestor, Hor.
Axciius (dfevos, inhospitable), earlier name
of the Pontits Euxinus, Ov.
1. axis -is, m. (root AC, AC, whence ago,
Gr. dfwe), an axle-tree. I. A. Lit., Verg. B.
Meton., a chariot, waggon, Ov. II. Transf., A.
the axis of the earth ; terra cireum axem se con-
verts, Cie. B. Jleton., a, the north pole, Verg. ;
b, the heavens; sub axe, in the open air, Verg, ;
C, a part of the heavens ; boreus, the north, Ov.
_ 2. axis (assis) -is, m. (root AC, whence
aywp.1, dy/Aa), a board, jilank, Caes.
Axona -ae, in. a river in Gallia Belgica,
now the Aisne.
Bb, the second letter of the Latin Alphabet,
y corresponding with the Greek beta (/3).
babae Q3afia.C, or nanai), an exclamation of
astonishment or joy, wonderful! Plaut.
Babylo -onis, in. a Babylonian; appell. = a
nabob, Ter.
Babylon -onis, f. (BaPuAior), a city of Asia on
she Euphrates. Hence, A. Babylonia -ae, f.
a tract of country extending between the Euphrates
and the Tigris, of which the aforenamed city was
the capital. B. Babylonicus -a -um, Baby-
lonian ; Babylouicn peristromatn, embroidered
tapestry, I'laut. C. Babylonius -a -um ;
numeri, astrological calculations, for which the
Babylonians (or more properly the Chaldeans)
were noted, Hor. ; Babylonii, inhabitants of Baby-
lon. D, Babylonicnsis -e, Babylonian
bacca (baca) -ae, f. a berry. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
lauri baecae, Verg. B. Esp., the fruit of the olive ;
bicolor bacca Minervae, Ov. II. Transf, A.
any fruit of a round shape ; arborum baecae, Cic.
B. anything of the shape of a berry, a pearl, Hor.
baccar (bacchar) -m is, n. and baccaris
-is, f. (fi&KKapts), the Valeriana Celtica of Lin-
naeus ; also called nardum rusticuni, a plant
which yielded akind of oil ; Celtic Valerian, Verg.
baccatus -a -um, set with pearls, Verg.
Baccha -ae, f. a Bacchante, Ov. ; Bacchis
aliquem initiare, to initiate any one into the festi-
val of Bacchus, Liv.
Bacchanal -is, n. the place where the festival
of Bacchus was held, Plant. ; plur. Bacchanalia,
the (Greek) festival of Bacchus (not to be con-
founded with the Roman feast of Liber), cele-
brated at Rome every three years, and suppressed
by a decree of the senate, B.C. 186 ; Bacchanalia
vivere, poet., to live riotously or wantonly, Juv.
bacchatio -onis, f. 1, the. celebration, of the
Bacchanalia., P.Ang. ; 2, Bacchanxdian revelling,
Cic.
Bacclieius -a -um, belonging to Bacchus;
dona, Verg.
BaccheUS -a -um (BaKxeios), belonging to
Bacchus; sacra, Ov. ; ululatus, of the Bacchan-
tes, Ov.
Bacchiadae -arum, m. (Bai<xitx&ai), the
Bacchiadae, an ancient noble family of Corinth.
BaO
67 bar
Bacchls -Idis, f. = Baccha.
Bacchius -a -urn, belonging to Bacchus,
nacia, Ov.
bacchor, 1. dep. (Bacchus). I. Intransit.,
A. 1, to celebrate the festival of Bacchus, Plant. ;
partic. Bacchantes = Bacchae, Ov. ; 2, to rage ;
turn baccharis, turn furis, Cic. ; quanta in volup-
tate bacehabere, Cic. B. to run about in a
furious manner, to rave ; totam perurbem, Verg. ;
of a fiery orator, eos furore ct bacchari' arbitra-
retur, Cic. ; of prophetic inspiration, in antro,
Verg. ; of lifeless objects, the wind, Hor. ; ru-
mour, fama bacc'iatur per urbem, Verg. II.
Transit., A. to raise the Bacchic cry; bacchari
Evoe, Cut. B. Pass., of places, to be made the scene
of Bacchic revels; bacchata jugis Naxos, Verg. ;
virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta, Verg.
Bacchus -i, m. (Ba*x°s)- A. the god of wine,
son of Jupiter and Semele. B. Meton., I, 1 the
■vine, Verg. ; 2, more frequently, wine, Verg. ;
3, the Bacchic cry (Io Bacche); Baccho audito,
Verg.
baccifer -fera -ferum, 1, bearing berries,
Sen. ; 2, bearing olive berries, Pallas, Ov.
Bacenis -is, f. a forest in Germany, probably
the west part of the Thuringian Forest.
bacillum -i, n. (dim. of baculum), 1, a little
staff, Cic. : 2, the lictor's staff, Cic.
Bactra -orum n. (Baio-pa), the chief city of
Bactria, now Balk; hence Bactri -orum, m.
inhabitants of Bactria; Bactria -ae, f. Vie
country _of the Bactri; Bactrianus -a -urn,
Bactrinus -a -urn, Bactrian.
baculum -i, n. and bacillus -i, m. (con-
nected with pdKTpoi>, from j3dio, fla^u, to go),
a stick, staff, Liv. ; a shepherd's staff, Ov. ; an
augur's staff, Liv. ; a vMlking-stick, Liv.
badisao, 1. (fiaSifa), to walk, march, Plaut.
BaeblUS-a-um, adj., nameofaplebeianBoman
gens, with the surnames Dives, Sulca, Tamphilus ;
hence, lex Baebi • (de praetoribus creandis).
Baecula ae, f. a town in Hisixmia Baetica.
Baetis -is, m. a river in Sjxiin, the Guadal-
quivir ; hence, Baetigena -ae, born on the
Baetis ; Baeticdla -ae, living near the Baetis ;
Baeticus -a -urn, relating to the Baetis; Baetica
provincia, now A ndcdusia and a part of Granada ;
Bactici -orum, m. inhabitants of Baetica ;
Baeticatus -a -urn, clothed in Baetican wool,
Mart.
Bagous -i, m. and Bagoas -ae, m. (/3a-
■yiu'as), a eunuch at the Persian court; hence any
person set to guard women, Ov.
Bagrada -ae, m. (BaypASas), a river near
Carlliage.
Bajae -arum, f. I. a town on the coast of
Campania, a favourite resort of the Romans, cele-
brated for its baths. II. Meton., any watering
place, Cic. Adj., Bajanus -a -um, belonging
to Bajae.
bajulo, 1. (bajulus), to carry a burden, Plaut.
bajulus -i, m. a porter, Plant., Cic.
balaena -ae, f. (<£oA<ufa), a wliale, Ov.
balanatus -a -um (balanus), anointed with
balsam, embalmed, Pers.
balanus -i, f. rarely m. (pd\avos), 1, on.
acorn,, Plin. ; 2, any fruit of similar form, e.g.
o kind of large chestnut, Plin. ; a date, Plin. ;
a fruit, the Arabian behen-nut, from which an
ointment was extracted, Hor. ; or the tree which
produces it, usually called niyrobalanus, Plin.
balatro -finis, m. a buffoon, jester, Hor.
balatus -us, m. (balo), the bleating of sheep
and, goats, Verg., Ov.
balbe, adv. (balbus), in a stammering manner,
Lucr. . ...
1. balbus -a -um (connected with balare),
stoni»iertnj7(opp. planus); quum (Demosthenes)
ita balbus csset ut, etc., Cic. ; verba balba, Hor.
2. Balbus -i, in. surname of the Altii, Corne-
lii, etc.
balbutio, 4. (balbus). I. Intransit., A to
stammer, stutter, Cels. B. Transf., to speak ob-
scurely ; desinant balbutire, aperteque et clara
voce audeant dicere, Cic. II. Transit., to stam-
mer or stutter out; ilium balbutit Scauruiu, Hor.
Baleares -Turn, f. (BoAiapet?), iusulae, or
absol., the Balearic Tslands, Majorca, Minorca;
hence, adj., Balearls -e, Balearicus -a -um.
balincura or balneum -i, n., ballnea
or balnea -orum, n. ; heteroclite p}. balineae
or balneae -arum (pa\avt?it>), a bath, bathing
place, Cic. ; a balineo or a balineis, after bathing,
Plin.
Ballio -onis, m. a worthless fellow, from a
character so named in the Pseudolus of Plautus,
Cic.
ballista (balista), -ae, f. (jSoAAw). A. a
military engine for throwing large stones, Cic,
Caes. B. Transf., the missiles throion, Plaut.
ballistarium -i, n. = ballista (q.v.).
balneae, v. balineum.
balneariub -a -um (balneum), belonging to
the bath; fur, lurking about baths, Cat. fcJubst.,
balnearia -Cu um, n. baths, bathing-rooms, Cic.
balneator -Oris, m. (balneum), the keeper of
a bath, Cic.
balneolum -i, n. (dim. of balneum), a little
bath, Cic.
balneum, v. balineum.
balo, 1. to bleat, Plaut. ; partic. balantes -lum
and um, f. = oves, Verg.
balsamum -i n. (j3aAaofio^), 1, the sweet-
smelling gum of the bedsam-tree, Verg. ; 2, the
tree itself, Tac. • '•
balteus -i, m. (-um -i, n.), the girdle ; a, esp.,
as serving to hold a weapon ; sutilis, Verg. ; b, a
woman's girdle, Mart. (balteidissyll.,Verg. 10,496).
Bandusia -ae, f. a fountain near Venusia,
the birthplace of Horace.
Bantla -ae, f. (Batri'a), town of Apulia, near
Venusia. Adj., Bantinus -a -um.
Baptae -arum, m. (Bon-rat = baptists, from
the rite of initiation), jwiesfs of the Thnician
goddess Cotytto, Juv.
baptisterium -i, n. 03o7m<rr>ipiov), a cold
plunging bath, Plin.
barathrum -i, n. (pdpaBpov), A. the abyss,
the lower world, Plaut. ; barathro donare (to
squander), Hor. B. Transf., barathrum niaselli
(of a greedy man), the abyss of the -market, Hor.
barathrus -i, m. (Bdpaflpo?), worthless fellow,
Lucr.
barba -ae, f. the beard. I. Lit. A. of men,
promittere barbam, to let the beard grow, Liv. ;
barbam tondere, Cic. ; barbam poncre, Hor.
B. of animals, lupi, Hor. II. Transf., of plants,
nucum, Plin.
barbare, adv. (barbarus), 1, like a foreigner ;
loqui, Cic. ; 2, cruelly, barbarously, laedere
oscula, Hor.
barbaria -ae, f. and barbaries, ace -em,
abl. -e, f. (barbarus), I. a foreign country, as
opposed to Greece and Rome ; a quo non solum
Graecia ct Italia sed etiam omnis barbaries com-
mota est, Cic. ; Persia, Cic. ; Phrygia, Hor. ;
Gallia, Cic. ; Scythia and Britannia, Oiw. II.
Meton., A. want of culture, rudeness, roughness;
bar
haee turba et barharies forensis, Cic ; so of
mistakes in speech, nee cos aliqua barbariea
domestica infuscavernt, Cic B. savageness ; in-
veteratam quandam barbariam ex Ga'ditnuorum
moribus discipline dclevit, Cic
barbaricus, -a -urn, foreign, i.e., not Greek
or Roman ; supellex, Liv. ; esp., eastern; aurum,
\erg. ; ope barbarioa, Verg. ; raanus (of the
Phrygian Briseis), Ov.
barbarus -a -inn (j9ap|3apo<;). I. foreign,
as opposed to Greek, Italian, Roman, ] ta
(Naevius), Plant. ; used for Phrygian, carmen,
Hor. ; for Persian, Nep. Subst., a foreigner,
one strange to Greek or Roman life, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, intellectually uncultivated, rough ;
homines barbari atque imperiti, Caes ; 2,
■morally rough, savage; homines fcri ac barbari,
Caes.
barbatulus -a -urn (dim. of barbatus), with
« slight beard ; juvenis, Cic.
barbatus -a -um (barba), bearded. I. Of
living beings. A. Of men ; 1, quos aut im-
berbes aut bene barbatos videtis, Cic. ; si que in
^electet barbatum, a man grown up, Hor. ; 2,
«sp., a, of men of the old Roman time, when
the beard was worn, unus aliquis ex barbatia
lllis, Cic. ; b, barbatus magister, a philosopher,
Pers. B. Of animals, hirculus, Cat. II. Transf.
of plants, nux, Plin.
barblger -gera, -gerum (barba and gero),
wearing a beard, Lucr.
barbitos -i, m. and f. (.9^/3,™?). A. the
lyre, Hor B. Meton. , the song sung to the lyre, Ov.
barbiila -ae, f. (dim. of barba), a little beard,
Barcas -ae, m. (Bap™?, connected with
Hebrew Barak, lightning), the. founder of the
Barcine family of Carthage, to which belonged
Hannibal and Hamilcar; hence, adj., Barclnus
-a -um, Barcine.
Barce -es, f. (Bap«oj), town in Cyrenaica;
Barcael -orura, m. the inhabitants of Barce.
Bardnel -orum, m. a people oflllyria. Adj.,
Bardalcus -a -um, calceus, a kind of soldier's
boot, in jest = a centurion, Juv.
bardocucullus -1, m. a Gallic overcoaLwith
a hooil made of ivool, Mart.
1. bardus -a -um (Ppa&vs), stupid, slow, dull,
2. bardus -i, m. a bard, a poet among the
Gauls, Lucan.
Bargjfliae -arum, f. and Bargylia -orum,
n. (BapyvAia), a town in Caria. Hence, a, Bar-
gyietae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Eargyliae ;
b, Bargylleticus -a -um, relating to Bargyliae.
barls -Woe, f. a small Egyptian skiff, Prop.
baritus v. barritus.
Barium -Ii, n. (Bapiof), a port in Apulia, on
the Adriatic.
baro -onis, m. a blockhead, simpleton, Cic.
barrio -ire (barrus), to roar (of elephants),
barritUS -us, m. (barrio), 1, the roar of an
ilephant; 2, the cry of the Germans, Tac.
barrua -I, m. (an Indian word), the elephant,
Hor.
basoauda -ae, f. a basket, Mart, Juv.
basiatio -5nis, f. (basio), kissing, a kiss, Cat.
basiator -is, m. (basio), a kisser, .Mart.
baslliee, adv. (basllicus), royally, splendidly,
baailicus -a -um (Paat\iK&<;). I. Adj. royal,
kingly, princely, Plaut. ; vitis, a kind oj
°s bel
Plin. II. Subst. A. basllicus -I, m. (so.
jactus), the ben cast of the dice, Plaut. B. basil-
ica -ae, f. (/WiAi<c>j sc. olicia. or o-Toa), c< basilica.
the name nfa buVding (in Home and other towns)
usually adorned wiUt a double row nf columns, and
situated near the forum, used as a meeting-place
of merchants and for tlie administration of justice;
qui forum et basilicas non spoliis provincial umi
Bed ornamentis amicoruin ornarent, Cic; hasili-
cam habeo, non villain, frequentia Formianorum
(of a much-frequented place), Cic C. basili-
cum -i, n. a splendid dress, Plaut.
basiliSCUS -i, m. (/3a<riA<(TK05), a kind of
lizard, a basilisk, Plin.
basio, 1. to kiss, Cat,, Mart.
basis -is and eos, f. (Bdo-«;), 1, a pedestal,
base; statuae, Cic. ; 2, foundation, wall; villac,
Cic.j 3, mathemat. t.t., trianguli, base, Cic
basium -ii, n. a kiss, either of the hand or
lip, Cat. ; basia jactare, to throw kisses, Juv.
Bassareus -ei, m. (Ba<r<rap<-v<;, from p a o--
o-apa, a fox-skin, as forming part of the clothing
of the Bacchantes), a name of Bacchus, Hor.;
hence, Bassaricus -a -um, adj., Fiop.; Bas-
saris -idis, f. a Bacchante, Pers.
Bastarnac and Basternae -arum, m. a
German people near the mouth of the Danube.
Batavia -ae, f. the peninsula Batavia, Hol-
land;^ Batavi -orum, m. inhabitants of Batavia;
Batavus -a -um, Batavian ; Batavoruin insula
= Batavia, Tac.
batillum (vatillum), -i, n. a chafing-dish, Hor.
batiola -ae, f. a small drinking-vessel, Plin.
battiio (batuo), 3. to beat, knock, Plaut.
BattUS -i. m. (BaTroO, the founder of the
African city Cyrene ; hence Battlades -ae, m.
an inhabitant of Cyrene ; especially applied to
the poet Callimachus, a native of^ vrene, Ov.
baubor, 1. dep., to bark, Lucr.
beate, adv. (beatus), happily ; bene et beate
vivere, Cic
beatitas -atis, f. (beatus), happiness, blessed-
ness, Cic.
beatitudo -Inis, f. (beatus), hopjnness, beati-
tude, Cic.
bcatulus -a -um (dim. of beatus), somewhat
happy, Pers.
beatus a -um, p. adj. (from beo), happy,
blessed. I. Gen. 1, of persons, qui beatus est,
non intelligo quid requirat, ut sit beatior; si
est eniin quod desit, ne beatus quidem est, Cic ;
agricolae parvo beati, happy on little means, Hor. ;
2, of events or circumstances, beata mors, Cic.
Xeut. subst., beatum -i. happiness, Cic II.
Esp. A. wealthy, prosperous ; 1, of persons, qui se
locupletes, honoratos, beatos putant, Cic. : 2, of
states, Dionysius tyrannus opulentissimae et
beatissimae civitatis, Cic. ; 3, of propertv, pos-
sessions, gazae beatae Arabuin, Hor Bl beat-
orum insulae, the islands of the blest, Cic.r
Bebryces um, m.(BcppvK<:<;)jieopleinBithy-
nia. Adj., Bebryclus -a -um, Bebrycian.
Belgae -arum, m. the Belgae, a warlike people,
of German and Celtic race, inhabiting the north of
Gaul. Adj., Belglcus -a -mn, Belgic ; hence,
Gallia Belgica, or simply Belgica, the country be-
tween the Rhine, the Seine, the Marne, and the
German Ocean.
bellaria -orum, n. (bellus), dessert, including
fruit, nuts, confectionery, sweet wine, Plant.
boUator -oris, m. (bello), a warrior, Cic. ;
used adj., warlike, courageous; deus, Mars, Verg.-,
equus, Verg. ; also absol., a war-horse, Juv.
bel
<J9
Ben
bellatoriUS -a -um (bello), skilled in car-
rying on war ; stilus, a 'pugnacious, controversial
style, Plin.
bellatrix -Icis, f. (bcllator), a female tvar-
rior ; poet., adj., warlike; diva, Pallas, Ov. ;
Roma, Ov. ; ira, Cic
bellatulus -a -um (dim., jocosely formed
from bellus), pretty, Plaut.
belle, adv. (bellus), ft ncly, prettily, elegantly,
neatly. I. Gen. scribere, Cic. ; dicere, Cic. ;
negare, politely, Cic. ; bellissime navigarc, Cic. ;
praediola belle aedificata, Cic. II. belle se
habere, or esse, to be in good liealth, Cic.
Bellerophon -ontis, in. (BeXA-epo^), or
Bellerophontes -ae, m. (BeAAepo^ovji)!), the
slayer of the Chimaera. Adj., Bellerophon-
teus -a -um, equus, Pegasus, Prop.
belllCOSUS -a -um (bellicus), warlike, belli-
cose. A. gentes immanes et barbarae et bellicosae,
Cic. B. Transf. , differre sibi consulatum in belli-
cosiorem annum, a more warlike year, Liv.
bellicus -a -um (bellum), relating to war.
I. disciplina, Cic; virtus, Cic. Subst., belli-
cuni -i, 11. the signal for the attack; a, bellicum
canere, Cic; b, transf., to excite, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, vigorous, fiery (of style), alter (Thucydides)
incitatior fertur et de bellicis rebus canit etiam
quodammodo bellicum, Cic; 2, warlike; dea,
Pallas, Ov.
belliger -gera -ggrum (bellum and gero),
ivarlike, fond of war ; poet., gentes, Ov. ; of in-
animate thiugs, hasta, Mart. ; manus, Ov.
belligero, 1. (bellum and gero), towage war;
qui isti par in belligerando esse possit, Cic.
bellipotens -entis (bellum and potens),
mighty in war. Poet., subst. = Mais, Verg.
bello, 1. (bellor, dep., Verg.). A. to wage
war; cum aliquo, Cic ; ad versus aliquem, Nep. ;
bellare bellum, Liv. B. Transf., to fight ; pictis
armis, Verg.
Bellona -ae f. (bellum), the goddess of war,
Verg.
Bellovaci -orum, m. a people in Gallia Bel-
gica, near modern Beauvais.
bellua, v. belua.
bellulus -a -um (dim. of bellus), pretty, ele-
gant, beautiful.
bellum -i, n. (old form, duellum, a contest
between two), war. I. Lit. domesticum, Cic. ;
sociale, Liv. ; piraticum, Cic. ; civile, Cic. ; na-
vale, Cic. ; terrestre, Liv. ; concitare, excitare,
suscitare, Cic. ; movere, commovere, conflate,
Cic. ; parare or comparare, Cic. ; in bellum
incumbere, Caes. ; instruere, Cic. ; nuntiare,
denuntiare, indicere, to declare war, Cic ; sus-
cipere, Cic. ; indicare, Cic. ; alicui inferre, Cic. :
inferre contra patriam, Cic ; prorogare, Cic. ;
alere, Cic ; trahere, to prolong, Cic ; dueere,
Caes. ; deponere, Cic ; componere, Cic. ; conft-
cere, Cic. ; exstinguere, restinguere, delere, Cic ;
renovare, Cic. ; impendet, Cic. ; oritur, Cic. ;
renascitur, Cic. ; in bello, in time of war, Cic. ;
locative, belli, in time of war, Cic. ; vel domi vel
belli, Cic. II. Transf., a, tribunicium, contest,
Liv. ; b, bellum indicere philosophis, Cic. III.
Fig., contention, fight, Sail.
bellus -a -um (contr. from benulus, dim.
ofbenus, i.e., bonus), pretty, hamlsome, charm-
ing, neat, agreeable; homo, Cic; epistola, Cic. ;
locus, Cic. ; vultu et fronte, cheerful, Cic. ; cheer-
ful from good health; fac bellus revertarc, Cic.
belua -ao, f. (stein FE, whence fera and 6yjp),
1, any very large animal, e.g. the elephant, lion,
whale; quantum natura hominis pecudibus re-
Jiquisque bcluis antecedat, Cic. ; belua fera et im-
manis, Cic. ; esp. of the elephant, Ov. ; 2, as a
term of reproach, monster, brute, beast; tactram
et pestiferam beluam, Caes.
beliiatus -a -um (belua), covered with figures
of animals, of tapestry, Plin.
beluosus -a -um (belua), full of monsters;
Oceanus, Hor.
Belus -i, m., Myth, an Asiatic king, founder
of Babylon, father of Danaiis and Aegyptus ; hence,
A. Bells -idis, f., gen. plur., Bolides -um, the
grand-daughters of Belus, the Danaides, Ov. B.
Belides -ae, m. Lynceus, son of Aegyptius, Ov.
bene, adv. (from benus for bonus), comp.
melius, superl. optime. I. well, rightly, honour-
ably ; coenare, Hor. ; habitare, Nop. ; narrare,
Cic ; promittere, Cic. ; polliceri, Sail. II, Par'
ticular phrases. A. With verbs, 1, bene agere.
to act fairly, Cic. ; 2, bene audire, cf. audio ; 3.
bene dicere ; a, to speak well; bene dicere, i"\
est, Attice dicere, Cic ; b, to speak wordsofgood
omen (ei><jir)nelv), Plaut. ; c, to speak well of r>
person, to commend, Cic. ; absol., Hor. ; 4, beno
facere ; a, to (to well, Cic. ; hence, bene facte-
famous deeds ; b, med., to be of good effect, Cato ;
C, bene facis, excellent, lam much obliged, Plaut. ,
d, to do good to, Cic, hence bene facta, benefit*,
Plaut. ; 5, bene est or bene habet ; a, alicui, U
is well with, Pompcio melius est factum, Pompeius
is belter in health, Cic. ; b, it is well, I am pleased,
Cic; si bene habet, bene agitur, Cic; 6, bene viv
ere, to live well, i.e., a, luxuriously, Ter.;b, happi-
ly, Cic; vivitur parvo bene, Hor.; 7, benevoeas,
you are very kind (polite refusal), Plaut ; 8, bens
vendere, to sell dear, Plaut. ; emere, to sell clieap*
Plaut. B. As an exclamation, good, excellent,
Cic. ; wituaec. and dat., good health to you, Plaut.
III. With adj.. and adv., well, thoroughly, ben*
robustus, Cic. ; bene penitus, Cic. ; bene mane,
Cic
benedlctum -i, n. (benedico), praise, Plaut.
benefacio -feci, -factum, 3. v. bene.
benefactum -i, n. v. bene.
beneficentla -ae, f. (beneflcua), kindness,
liberality, beneficence, Cic.
benef iciarius -a -um (beneftcium), relating
to a favour, Sen. Subst., benef Iciaril -orum,
m. soldiers who by favour of their commanders were
exempt from the severer military labours, as throw-
ing up intreiiehments, fetching wood, water, etc- ;
privileged soldiers, Caes.
benef icium -H, n. (bene and facio), a ki+d
ness, favour, benefit, service. I. Gen. alicui bene
ficium dare, tribuere, Cic. ; in aliquem conferrg
Cic; apud aliquem collocare, Cic; aliquem bens-
ficio afficere, complecti, oruare, to do any one a ser.
vice, Cic ; beneftcium accipere, to receive a kind-
ness, Cic. ; beneftcium tueri, to be mindful of a ser-
vice, Cic; in beneticio, Liv.; in beneflcii loco,
benetlcii causa, per beneftcium, asakindness, ser-
vice, Cic. ; beneficio tuo, by your kitidness, Cic. ;
deorum beneticio, sortium beneficio, Caes. II.
In political life. A. a favour, grant, distinction,
promotipn; populi, favour of the people, Cic. ; cen-
turiones sui benelicii, his creatures, Suet. ; quum
suo magno beneficio esset, since lie owed much to
his recommendation, Cic. ; used of military pro-
motions, tribuni militum quae antea dictatorum
fuerant benettcia, Liv. ; in beneticiis delatus est,
among those recommended for promotion, Cic. B.
privilege, exemption ; liberorum, exemption from
the judicial office in consequence of having a speci-
fied number of children, Suet.
benef ious -a -um, comp. -entior, superl.
-entissimus (bcnclicissinuis, Cat.), (bono aud
facio), kind, generous, obliging, Cic,
Beneyentum. -i, a. a town of \}\e ffirpini w»
ben
70
bid
Samnium, seat of a Roman colony (modern Bene-
vtnto) ; hence, Boneventanus -a -urn, bclong-
• Be neve nl am; in plnr. Bcncvcntanl
-di urn, in. the people of Btneventuin.
benevole, adv. (benevolus), benevolently,
kindly, Cic,
bcnevdlens -cnlis. A. Adj. well-wishing,
benevolent, obliging, Plant. B. Subst., friend,
patron, Plant., Ter.
benevolentia -ne, f. (benevolcns), good-will,
friendly disposition, kindness, friendship, benevo-
lence ; alicui praestare, conferre, Cic. ; colligere,
Caes. ; erga aliquem habere, conferre, Cic.
benevolus -a -urn (comp. -entior, Buperl.
-entissiiuus), (bene and vol"), kiwi, obliging;
alicni, Cic. ; erga aliquem, Plant. ; servus bene-
volua domino, a faithful slare, Cic.
benigne, adv. (benignus), 1, kindly, obliging-
ly, willingly; benigne respondere, Liv. ; benigne
attenteqne andire, Cic. ; arma capere, Liv. ; be-
uigne dicis, or absol., benigne, much obliged, a
phraso used either in accepting or refusing an
offer, Cic. ; 2, generously ; pecuniam praebere,
Plant. ; benigne facerc alicui, to confer benefits on
a person, Cic.
benignitas -atis, f. (benignus), 1, kindness,
mildness, Cic. ; 2, liberality, generosity, Cic.
benigniter = benigne, q.v.
benignus -a -urn, adj. with compar. and
superb; (contr. from benigenus, from bonus and
genus). I. kindly, friendly, mild, pleasing. A.
homines beneflci et benigni, Cic. ; vultusbenigni,
Liv. ; dies, fortunate, Stat. II. liberal, generous;
A. crgaaliquein, Plant. ; alicui, Plaut., Hor. ; viiii
soinnique benignus, indulging in wine and sleep,
Hor. ; prodigal, Plaut. ; B'.ricTi, abundant; ager,
Ov. ; daps, Hor.
beo, 1. (connected with bonus, bonus), 1, to
bless, make happy; beas or beasti, that pleases
me, I'm glad of it, Ter.; 2, to make rich; aliquem
raunore, Hor.
Be'recyntus -i, m. a mountain of Plirygia,
san-cd to Cybele; hence adj., Berecyntius -a
■ma, mater, Cybele, Verg. ; hcros, Midas, son of
Cybele, Ov. ; tibia, the flute used ut the festivals of
Cybele, Hor.
Berenice -es, f. (Bepf ««)), 1, queen ofpt ./■ my
Euergeles, whose hair nw placed among the star.' as
a constellation; 2, daughter of the Jewish king
Agrippa I., mistress of Titus,
Beroea -ae, f. (Be'poia) a town in Macedonia.
Hence, Beroeaeus -i, m.., and Beroeensis
-is, in. an inhabitant ofMeroea.
beryllus -i, c. (JSij'puAAos). A. a beryl, a
precious stone, of a sea-green colour, f, and in India,
Juv. B. Meton,, a ring set with a beryl, Prop.
Bcrytus -i, f. (rtijpuToO, an old Phoenician
toon, afterwards a Roman colony, and under the
empire seat of a law school, modern Beyrout.
•Adj., Berytius -a -urn, and Bcrytcnsis -e.
bes, bessis, m. (for be -is = binac partes assis),
two-thirds (= eight nncinc) ot any whole composed
of twelve parts. A. Lit., a, of a pound, eight
ounces, Plin. ; b, of the as (as a coin), felius ex-
triente. Id. Quint, factum erat bessibus, the
interest was raised from one-third per cent, for the
month to two-thirds per cent. — i.e., from 4 per
cent, for the year to 8 per cent, Cic. B. Meton.
— eight. Mart.
bessalis -e (bes), containing the number 8.
Bes3l -ornrn, m. (BeVcroi), a people in Thrace.
Adj., Besslcus -a -um.
Bessus -i, ni. satrap of Bactria, who murdered
Vwius CiAfumqnw,
bestia -ae, f. (from stem FE, whence belua
and feia), an animal without reason (opp. homo),
beast. A. Gen., bestiae mutae, Cic. ; mala bestia,
as a term of reproach, Plaut. B. Particularly
used of the animals exhibited in the amphi-
theatre ; aliquem ad bestias mittere, to condemn
to be devoured by the beasts of the amphitheatre,
Cic.
bcstiarius -a -um (bestia), belonging to
animals; Indus, a fight with wild beasts at a
show, Sen. Subst,, bestiarius -ii, 111. one who
fought with wild beasts at the public shows, Cic.
bestiola -ae, f. (dim. of bestia), a small aui-
mal, Cic.
1. beta -ae, f. ( ( vegetable, beet, Cic
2. beta, indecl. Oijra), the beta, the second letter
in the Greek alphabet ; sometimes used prov. for
the. second, Mart.
beto (baeto, bito), 3. to go, Plaut.
Bias -ant is, m. (Bias), a philosopher ofPriene
in Ionia, contemporary of Croesus ofLydia, one oj
the so-called seven wise men of Greece.
bibliopola -ne, m. (/3tjSAio7riJA7)s), o book-
seller, Plin.
bibliotheca -ae, f., and bibliothece -es,
f. (/3i/3A(o07;io)), 1, a collection of books, a library;
2, the place where books are kept, Cic.
bibo, blbi, bibitiim, 3. I. Lit,, to drink (from
natural desire) ; gemma, from a cup set withjetoels,
Verg. ; sanguinem alieujus, tie. ; dare bibere,
to give to drink, Cic. II. Particular phrases,
a, aut bibat aut abeat (trans!, of Greek tj vldi. g
aVifli), Cic. ; b, Graeco more, to drink to one,
Cic. ; c, ad numerum, according to the number of
years that a person wishes to lire, Ov. ; d, poet.,
bibero (lumen, to live on the banks of a river,
Verg. ; Danuvium, to dwell on the banks of the
Danube, Hor. II. A. Of tilings, to drink in,
sat prata biberunt, Verg. ; hortus aquas Dibit,
Ov. ; arens bibit, the rainbow draws up water,
Verg, B. Of persons, fig., amorem, Verg. ;
anre (of attentive listeners), to drink in, Hor.
Bibracte -is, n. a ImoninGaul, capital of the
Aedui on the modern Mount Beubray.
Bibrax -actis, f. fortress of the Remi in Caul.
blbulu.S -a -um (bibo), fond of drinking. I.
Act,, fond of drinking ; 1, with genit., Falerni,
Hor.; 2, of inanimate things, lapis, sandstone,
Verg. ; lana, Ov. ; nubes, Ov. ; charta, blotting
paper, Plin. II. Pass, drinkable, Falernuni, Hor.
biceps -clpitis (bis and caput), having two
heads, two-headed. A. Lit., pner, Cic. ; J amis,
Ov. B. Foet., Parnassus, double-peaked, Ov.
biclinium -i, n. (bis and kAutj), a dining sofa
for the use oftioo persons, Plaut.
bicolor -oris (bis and color), of two colours;
equus, Verg. ; myrtus, Ov.
bicorniger -gSri, m. (bis and corniger), two-
homed, an epithet of Bacchus, Ov.
bicornis -c (bis and cornu), two horned, Ov. ;
poet., lima, the ?»•!« moon, Hor. ; furcae Incomes,
two-pronged forks, Verg. ; Rhenus, with two
mouths, Verg.
bicorpor -oris (bis and corpus), having two
bodies, Cic. poet.
bidens -cutis (bis and dens), having two
teeth; forfex, Verg.; ancora, Plin. Subst., a,
m. a hoe with two crooked teeth for breaking clods,
Verg.; b, f. an animal for sacrifice whose two
rows of teeth icere complete, Verg., Ov. ; and csp.,
a sheep, Phaedr.
bidental -alia, n. (bidens), a place struck with
lightning, which was afterwards consecrated by the
tacrifice of a sheep (bidens), and enclosed^ H.oy,
Bid
71
bir
Bidis -is, f. a town in Sicily, north-vest of
Syracnse. Heuee, Bidinus -a -uin, belonging
to Bidis.
biduuin -i, ii. (bis and dies), the space of two
days; in iis opcribus cousiliisque biduum con-
suniitur, Caes. ; aliquem biduum cibo tectonic
proliibcre, Cic. ; abl. biduo, in the course of two
days, Cic. ; co biduo, in the course of these two days,
Cic; biduo autsummum tridUO, in two days or
three at the most, Cic. ; biduo post, two days after-
wards, Caes.; biduo quo liaec gesta sunt, two
days after this was done, Caes. ; bidui iter abesse,
to be two days' march distant, Caes. ; so bidui
by itself (iter understood), castra quae aberant
bidui, Cic.
bienmum -Ii, n. (bis and annus), a space of
two years; biennio jam confecto fere, Cic; bi-
ennium jam factum est postquam abii doino,
it is 110x0 two years since I left home, Plant. ;
ace, biennium, for the space of two years; bi-
ennium provinciam obtinere, Cic. ; abl., biennio,
with compar., biennio major natu Domitius,
older by two years, Tac ; biennio proximo, in the
course of two years, Tac. ; bienuio ante, two years
before, Cic
bifariam, adv. (ace. of bifarius, double), in
two parts; distribuere, Cic; castra bifariam
facta sunt, Liv.
bifer -fera -ferum (bis and fero), of a tree,
bearing fruit twice a year, Very.
bif idus -a -um (bis and Undo), split into two
parts, Ov.
biforis -e (bis and foris); 1, having two
doors, valves, or openings; valvae, Ov. ; 2, with
two openings; ubi biforem dat tibia cantum, the
changing deep and high notes of the flute, Verg.
biformatus -a -um, Cic. poet., v. biformis.
biformis -e (biformatus -a -um), of double
form; Janus, Ov. ; vates, the poet turned into a
swan, Hor.
bifrons -frontis (bis and frons), with double
forehead or countenance, epithet of Janus, Verg.
bifurcus -a -um (bis and furca), liaving two
prongs, or forks ; valli, Liv. ; ramus, Ov.
bigae -arum, f. and P. Aug. biga -ae, f.
(contr. from bijugae or bijuga), a pair of horses,
Liv., Verg.
: blgatUS -a -um (b'S ae )> stemmed with a pair
of horses; argentum, Liv. Subst., blgati |
-orum, in. sc nummi, silver denarii so marked. . •
bljugis -e, v. bijugus.
bijugus a- -um (bis and jugum), yoked tv:
together; certamen, a race between two-horse
chariots, Verg. Subst., bijugi -orum, m. a
pair of lwrses, Verg.
bilibra -ae, f. (bis and libra), a mass of two
pounds weight, Liv.
bilibris -e (bis and libra), 1, weighing two
pounds; ottae, Pliu. ; 2, containing two pounds ;
cornu, Hor.
bilinguis -e (bis and lingua), having tiro
tongues; a, speaking two languages; canusini
more bilinguis, Hor.; b, double-tongued, trea-
cherous, Verg.
bills -is, f. gall, bile. I. Lit., Cic. ; suffnsa,
jaundice, Plin. II. Fig., a, anger, displeasure;
commovere, Cic. ; b, atra bilis (Gr. nekayxoKla),
black bile— i.e., melancholy, Cic ; madness, Plant.
bills -Icis (bis and licium), only ace. sing,
bilicem found, having a double thread, Verg.
bilustris -o (bis and lustrum), lasting ten
years, Ov.
bintaris -c (bis and marc), lying on two seas;
Corinthus, Hor, ; Isthums, Ov,
bimarltus, m. (bis aud maritus), (Ae hus-
band of two wives, ap. Cic
bimater -tii-s, in. (bis and mater), having
two mothers; epithet of Bacchus, Ov.
bimatus -us, m. (bimus), the age of two
years (of plants and animals), Plin.
bimombris -e (bis and membrum), having
double members, half man, half animal ; forma,
used of the Centaurs, Ov. ; biniembres, subst.,
Centaurs, Verg.
bimestris -e (bis and mensi.s), lasting two
months ; cousulatus, ap. Cic. ; porcus, <i pig
two months old, Hor. ; stipendiuni, pay for two
months, Liv.
bimulus -a -um (dim. of bimus), two yean
old, Cat., Suet.
bimus -a -um (bis and annus), two years old;
equus, Plin. ; vixbimum huncTiberium Caesarera,
Veil. ; legio, a legion that luid served for two
years, Cic. ; merum, Hor. ; nix, snow lying for two
years, Ov. ; honor, office conferred for two years,
Ov. ; sententia, a vote of the senate prolonging a
governor's time to two years, ap. Cic.
bini -ae -a (sing., binus -a -um, Lucr.), two
by two, Lticr. ; 1, two apiece, sometimes simply
two; uuicuique binos pedes assignare, two feet
each, Cic. ; binos imperatores, two consuls a year,
Sail. ; with substt, that are used only ill the
plur., or that have a different meaning In the
plur., two; bina castra, Cic. ; binae litterae, Cic. ;
with other numerals, bina millia passuum, two
miles, Quint. ; 2, of things that match, bo yes,
a yoke of oxen, Plin. ; scyphi, a pair of goblets,
Cic; neut. plur. subst., tindi in bina, to be cleft
in twain, Lucr.; si bis bina quot essent didi-
cisset, if he had learnt that twice two is four,
Cic. - -
bliioctium -Ii, n. (bis and nox), a space of
two nights, Tac.
binominis -e (bis and nomen), having two
names; Ascmius (because also called lulus),
Ov. ; Ister (because also called Danuvius), Ov.
Bion -ouis, m. (BiW), a satirical philosopher,
first of the Cyrenaic, then of the Stoic school; hence
Bioncus -a -um, sermones, witty, caustic, Hor.
bios -ii, m. (/3i'os, life, cf. eau de vie), a cele-
brated Greek wine, Plin.
bipalmis -c (bis and pahnus), two palms ot
spans long or broad, Liv.
bipartio, or bipertio (-ivi), -Itum, 4. (bis
and partio), to divide into two parts, Cic.
bipartito, adv., from partic. of bipartio, in
two parts, in two ways; distribuere, Cic. ; iuferre
signa, Caes. -
bipatens -entis (bis and patens), doubly
open; open in two directions; portis bipaten-
tibus, Verg.
bipedalls -e (bis and vedalis), two feet long,
broad, thick, or high; trabes, Caes.
bipennlfer -ffira -ferum, armed with a two-
edged axe (bipeunis), Ov.
bipennis -e (bis and penna), 1, having two
wings, Plin. ; 2, transf., double-edged ; ferrmu,
Verg. Subst., bipennis -is, f. (sc. secuns), a
double-edged axe, Verg., Hor.
bipes -edis (bis and pes), having two fed,
MpeiCCic, Verg. Subst. plur., used contemp-
tuously, men; omnium non bi pedum solum, sed
etiam quadrupeduin impurissimus, Cic.
biremis -c (bis and romus). I. two-oared,
Liv. Subst., biremis -is, f. a s);lff with two
oars, Lucan. II. with two banks of oars; used
only as subst., B sMP With (W &<W*fa of wr$,
Oiy.
bis
72
Bol
bis, adv. twice, in two ways; bisterque, Cic. ;
bis t'Tvo, Cic. ; twice or thrice; bis die, Cic. ; bis
consul, a man who has been consul twice (iternm
consul, a man who is consul for the second time),
Cic. ; bis tanto or tantum, twice as great, Plaut. ;
with distributive numerals, bis bina, Cic. ; with
cardinal numerals, only in poet., bis quinque viri
!tlie decern viri), Hor. ; prov., bis ad eundein
3C. lapidem offendere), to make the same mistake
tirice, Cic.
Bistones -rnn, m. (BiVtoit?), the Bistones,
a Thracian people settled not far from Abdera;
used poet, for Thracians; hence adj., Bisto-
ntus -a -um, Bistonian or Thracian ; tyrannus,
Diomedes, Ov. ; chelys, the lyre of Orpheus, Claud.;
turbo, violent north wind, Lucan ; Minerva,
goddess of the warlike Thracia)is, Ov. Subst.,
Bistdnia -ae, f. Thrace ; Bistdnis -Idis, f. a
Thracian woman = Bacchante, Hor. ; ales, ProcHi,
wife of the Thracian king Tereus, Sen. poet.
bisulcls -e (bis and sulcus), cloven. A. bi-
sulci lingua (anguis), Pac. B. Meton., adouble-
tongued person, a hypocrite, Plaut.
blsulCUS -a -um (bis and sulcus), split into
two parts ; lingua, forked, Ov. ; uugula, cloven
hoof, Plin. ; pes, Lucr., Plin. Subst, blsulca
-orum, n. animals with cloven hoofs (opp. soli-
pedes), Plin. .
Bithynla -ac, f. a country of Asia Minor,
between the sea of Marmora and the Black Sea;
hence adj., Bitbynlcus -a -um, surname of
Pompeius, conqueror of the Bilhynians, and of
his son, Cic. ; Bithynius -a -uni ; Bithynus
-a_-um_, liilhynian; Blthynii -orum, m., Plin. ;
Bithyni -Orum, m. the Bithynians, Tac. ; BI-
thyais -idis, f. a Bithynian woman, Ov.
bitumen -Inis, n. asphaltwm, l.i<--:en, Verg.,
Ov.
bituminous -a -um (bitumen), bituminous,
Ov.
^ Bltiirlges -um, m. ft people of Aguitanian
Gaul, near the modern town Bourges, Caes.
bivlum -li, n. a place where two roads meet,
Verg. ; in bivio distineri, to be distracted by a
love for two persons, Ov.
blvlus -a -um, having two u<ays or passages,
Verg.
blaesus -a -um (/3A<u<tos), lisping, indistinct;
lingua, Bonus, Ov. ; used of the talk of a parrot,
Ov. Subst, madidi et blaesi, drunken men, Juv.
blende, adv. (blandus), caressingly, softly,
tenderly, flatteringly ; rogare, Cic. ; blandissimc
appellare liominem, Cic.
blandldlcus -a -um (blande and dico), flat-
teringly, Plaut.
blandiloquentulus -a -um, talking flat-
teringly, Plaut.
blandiloquus -a -um (blande and loquor),
flattering, fair-spoken, Plaut.
blandimentnm-i,u.(blandior). 1. flattery;
usually plur., blandimentis corrumpere, Cic;
blandimenta inuliebria, Tac. II. 1, whatever
pleases the senses, an allurement; sine blandi-
mentis expellunt famem, without sauces, deli-
cacies, Tac ; 2, carefid tending, of a plant, Tim.
blandior, 4. dep. to flatter, caress, coax. A.
Lit, governing the dative, milii et per se et per
PompeiumblanYlitur Appius, Cic. ; Hannibalem
puoriliter blandientem patri Hauiilcari, ut
daceretur in Hisiianiam, Liv, ; auribus, to tickle
the rnrj, Plin. ; sihi, to deceive oneself, Sen. ; vol is
meis, to delude oneself into believing what one
wishes, Ov. B. Transf., of things, blandiebatur
COeptiatorUmn, fnrt»nrfa.w>vrrd l t is undrrtnl-ivgs,
Tac. ; voluptas sensibus Wanditur, Cic. ; blan-
dientc inertia, idlevess pleasing him, Tac. Hence
past. partic.,blandltus-a-u'm,cAa)-wi)t{7, Prop.
blandlter = blande (q.v.).
blandltia -ae, f. (blandus), ft caress, flattery,
used in both a good and a bad and not always
in an invidious sense, as assentatio, and adulatio.
A. Lit., popularis, Cic. ; plur. benevolentiam
civium blanditiis et assentando colligere, Cic ;
adhibcre, Ov. ; muliebros, Liv. B. that which is
alluring or attractive; blanditiae praesentium
voluptatum, Cic.
blandltles -ei, f.= blanditia (q.v.).
blandus -a -um, flattering, fondling, caress-
ing ; 1, blandum amicum a vero secernere, Cic;
voluptates, blandissimae dominae, Cic ; with
dat, blandiorcs alienis quain vestris, Liv. ; 2,
of tilings, enticing, alluring, tempting; litterae,
( ic, ; soni, Ov. ; oculi, Plin. ; otium consnetn-
dine in dies blandius, ease becoming by habit
evury day more attractive, Liv.
blatero, 1. to chatter, babble, Hor.
blatio, 4. to talk idly, babble ; nugas, Plaut.
blatta -ae. f. a cockroach, chafer of uncertain
species, Verg., Hor.
blennus -i, m. (p\cvi6s), a stupid fellow,
Plant
blltutn -i, n. 03Ai'ro>'), a tasteless herb used in
salail. Plant. ; hence adj., bllteus a- um, in-
sipid, silly, Plant.
boarius, and bovarms -a -urn (bos), relating
to oxen; forum, the cattle market, Liv.
Boccar -iris m. a king of Mauritania at the
time of the second Punic war ; hence = an Afri-
can, Juv.
Bocchus -i, 1, king of Mauritania, thefriend
and afterwards the betrayer of Jugurtha ; 2, ft
plant named after him, Verg.
Boebe -es, f. (Bm'/3>;), a lake in Thessaly and
also a place on its shores; hence Boebeis -Idis
and Idos, f. the lake Boebe. Adj., Bocbcius
-a uin.
boootarches -ae, in. (BoKoTapxi?), the high-
est magistrate of Boeotia, Liv.
Boeoti -orum, in. (Boiwtoi), and Boeotil
-Oram, m. the inhabitants of Boeotia, proverbial
for their dulness ; hence Boeotia -ae, f. a coun-
try in Greece, north-west of Attica ; BdeotlcUS
-a -ujn, Boeotian; Boeotis -idis, f. Boeotia!
BoeotlUS_ -a -um, Boeotian ; mocnia, Thebes,
Ov. ; Boeotus -a -um, Boeotian.
Boethlus -li, m. (Anicius Manlius Torqua-
tus Sevcrus), n distinguished Roman philosopher
and theologian of the post-classical period; be-
headed in prison (where he wrote his most cele-
brated work, Le Consolatione Philosophiae Libri
v.) 524 a.d.
Bogud -Qdis, m. son of Bocchus and king of
Mauritania Tingilana, ally of Caesar and after-
wards of Antonius, taken prisoner by Agiippa
and executed (B.C. 31).
b8jae -arum, f., plur., a species of collar, of
wood or iron, for slaves and criminals, Plaut.
B6J1 (Boll), and Bol -orum, m. a Celtic
people, settled partly in north Italy, partly in cen-
tum Germany, partly in, cent_ral Gaul. Sing., Bolus
■i, m. one of the Boii; Boia, -ae, f. a woman oj
the Boii; hence, a, Boia -ae, f. the country
of the Uoii; b, Boiohaemum -i, n. (Germ.
Boienheim), the land of the Boii (hence modern
Bohemia).
Boia -ae, f. a town of ti<e Aequi iiiLatium,
now Lugnano. Hence Bolanus -a -um, re-
fling to Boia.
Bolbihno -ts, f. (BoA/3itii<>j), town in lfpi(>iT
boi
73
bra
Egypt, now Rose.tta; hence Bolbitmus -a -urn,
o/Bolbitine; ostium, the Rosetta mouth of the Nile,
Plin.
boletus -i, m. (/SwAi'rjjs), the best kind of
mushroom, Plin.
bolus -i, in. (/3o\os), a throw (classical jactus) ;
1, of dice, Plaut. ; 2, of a fishing net, anil hence
a, what is caught at one throw; bolum emere,
Suet.; b, fig., a good havl, gain; is primus
bolu 'st, Plaut. ; bolo tangere, or mnltare, or
emungcre aliquem, to cheat a man of his game,
Plaut.
bombax, interj. (j3d/ij3af), an exclamation
of ironical astonishment ; is it possible ? Plaut.
bombycinus -a -uni (bombyx), silken, Plin.
Plur. subst., bombyoina -orum, n. silken gar-
ments, Mart.
bombyx -ycis, m. and f. (/3dn/3uf). I. the
silkworm, Plin. II. silk, silk-shiff, Prop.
Bona Dea, the good goddess, the deity of
fertility, worshipped by the Roman women.
bonitas -atis, f. (bonus), goodness, excellence.
I. Of material things, agrorum, praediorum,
vocis, Cic. II. A. Of abstract things, naturae
bonitate, Cic. ; bonitas et aequitas causae, Cic. ;
bonitas verborum, Cic. B. Of character, good-
ness, kindness, integrity; bonitas et benelicentia,
Cic. ; facit parentes bonitas (parental love), non
necessitas, Phaedr. ; with in or erga followed by
the ace, bonitas in suos, Cic; diviua bonitate
erga homines, Cic.
Sonoma -ae, f. (Boviavia), 1, a town in Cis-
alpineGaul (now Bologna) ; hence adj. Bononi-
ensis -e ; 2, a port in Gallia Belgica (now
Boulogne); 3, a town, on the Danube (now
Banostor).
bonum -i, n. good, material or moral ; 1,
material, generally plural, bona -orum, pro-
perty ; bona fortunaeque, Cic; bonoruin om-
nium heres, sole heir, Liv. ; esse in bonis, to be
in possession, Cic. ; 2, moral, bonum mentis est
virtus, Cic. ; suinmuin bonum, the supreme good
(fn philosoph. sense), Cic. ; bona pacis, the bless-
ings of peace, Tac. ; bonum naturale, inborn
talent, Cic. ; 3, profit, advantage; bonuin pub-
licum, the common lueal, Liv. ; bono esse alicui,
to profit one, Cic. ; cui bono fuisset, for whose
advantage, Cic.
bonus -a -urn (old form, duonus), compar.
mclior -ius, gen. -oris, superl. optimus -a -urn
(from opto), good. I. Physically and mentally,
1, good in itself; nummi boni, genuine coin,
Cic. ; bona voce, Plaut. ; dicta, good things —
jests, Enn. ; bona indole, Cic; esp., a, beauti-
ful ; forma bona, Ter. ; cervix, Suet. ; b, of good
birth; bono genere natus, Cic; c, able, clever;
imperator, Cic; poeta, Cic. ; jaculo, goodat hurl-
ing the javelin, Verg. ; hence, subst., boni, able
men, Cic ; d, in war, brave ; vir pace belloque
bonus, Liv. ; bonus militia, Sail. ; 2, good as
regards the sensations, position, etc.; a, phy-
sically, of health, valetudo bona, Cic. ; mens
bona, Liv.; bono animo, of good courage, Cic ; b,
of physical qnalities.color, good complexion, Lucr. ;
aetas bona, youth, Cic. ; of the weather, bona
tempestas, Cic. ; c, pleasant to the senses ; bonae
res, good things, delicacies, Nep. ; d, of news,
bona fama, good news, Cic. ; e, of human
actions, etc., bonum exemplum, Tac ;navigatio,
a good voyage, Cic. ; mors, a happy death, Plin. ;
bona gratia, in all kindness, Cic. ; bona venia,
with your permission, Cic. ; bonae res, good
fortune, Cic. ; in bonam partem accipere, to
take in good part, Cic. ; f, of time, lucky (poet.);
dies, Verg. ; g, of good omen, auspicium, Cic. ;
bona verba, auspicious words, Ov. ; quod bonum
fellx faus! unique sit, Cic. ; 8, good, with regard
3*
to some object ; aetas tironum plerumque
melior, Cic; with ad, ad proelium boni, Tac.;
with dat., civitatibus suis, Cic. ; optimum factu,
Cic. ; 4, as regards number or quantity, bona
pars hominum, Hor. ; bonam partem serinouis,
Cic. II. Morally, honest, faithful. A. Gen.,
viri boni est misereri, Cic. ; often ironical,
homines optimi, Cic. ; bona atque honesta anii-
citia, Cic. ; in vocative, as a familiar greeting,
O bone 1 my good fellow, Hor. B. Esp. a, with
regard to the state, patriotic, loyal; bonus et
fortis civis, Cic. ; and often in Cic. and Hall,
boni = conservatives, the supporters of the existing
system; b,cliaste; femina, Cic. ; c, kind; bonus
atque beuignu*, Hor. ; di boni, gracious gods !
Cic. ; with dat., tuis, Verg. ; with in and the
ace, in me, Cic. ; d, name of Juppiter, Optimus
Maximus, Cic.
boo, 1. 03oo«), to shout, roar ; of places, to
echo ; redde meum ! toto voce boante foro, Ov.
Bootes -ae and -is, m. (/3<xoT»jy, the ox-driver),
a constellation in the nortliern hemisjihere, also
called Arctophylax.
Boreas -ae, m. (Bope'as). A. the north wind,
Verg. (Class. Lat. aquilo). B. Meton., the north,
Hor. B. Mythol., the husband of Orithyia, and
father of Calais and Zetes; hence adj., Boreus
-a -uni, northern.
boria -ae, f. o kind of jasper, Plin.
Borysthenes -is, m. (Bopua-fleV)]?), a large
river in Sarrnatia (now the Dnieper) ; hence
Borysthenidae or -itae -arum, m. dwellers on
the Borysthenes ; Borysthenis -idis, f. a Greek
colony on t)ie Borysthenes ; Bdrysthenlus -a
-urn, belonging to the Borysthenes.
bos, b6vis, c. (povs), 1, ox, bullock, cow, Cic,
Liv. ; bos Lues, an elephant, Lucr. ; prow bovi
clitellas imponere, to saddle an ox, i.e. to impose
on any one an office for which he is not fit, ap.
Cic. ; 2, a kind of flatfish, Ov.
Bosporus (Bosphorns), -i, m. (Bdo-wopos), 1,
Bosporus Thracius, the straits between Thrace ami
Asia Minor (now the Straits of Constantinople) :
2, Bosporus Cimmerius, off the Crimea (now the
Straits ofYenikale); hence a, adj., Bosporan-
US -a um, belonging to the Bosphorus ; subst. a
dweller on the Bosphorus ; b, BosporiUS and
Bosporeus -a -uni, belonging to the Bosphorus.
Bostra -ae, f. capital of the Roman province
of Arabia (the Bozrah of the Bible); hence Bos-
trenus -a -um, of or belonging to Bostra.
Bottiaea -ae, f. (Bori-taia), a district of Mace-
donia; hence Bottiaei -orum, in. the inhabi-
tants of the district,
Bdvianum -i, n. (BoinWoi'), town in Sam-
nium (now Bojano); hence adj., Bovianius
-a -um.
bovile = bubile (q.v.).
Bovillae -arum, f. 1, town in Latium, not
far from Rome, near which Clodius was murdered
by Milo ; hence adj., Bovillanus -a -um,
pugna (with a play on the word bovillns), the
murder of Clodius, Cic. ; 2, town, in the district of
Arpinum.
bovillns -a -um (bos), an old form of bubu-
lus, relating to oxen ; grex, ap. Liv.
brabeuta -ae, m. (/3pa0evT>is}, « judge, um-
pire in the public games, Suet.
bracae (braccae) -arum, f. pi. (sing, once
in Ov.), breeches, trousers, hose ; originally worn
by Persians, Gauls, and Germans, Tac, Ov.
bracatus (braooatus) -a -um (bracae). I.
Lit., wearing breeches. II. Transf., A. foreign,
barbarian, effeminate; natio, Cic. B. Asgeograph,
bra
74
Bru
name = transalpine, Gallia liracata, Gaul on
the north si<l< of the Alp*, thr old name of Gallia
XarbonensU, Plin, ; cognatio bracata, kindred
with people of Transalpine Gaul, Cic.
braces, ace. -cm, f. a kind of corn, Plin.
brachialis -e (brachium), belonging to the
arm, Plant
bracbiolum -i, n. (dim. of bracliium), a
sm'tll delicate arm, Cat.
brachium -ii, n. (fipa\iv>v). I. the arm from
the elbow to the wrist (lacertus = the fore-arm);
brachia et lacerti, Ov. II. Gen., tlie whole arm.
A. Lit., brachium frangere, Cic. ; din jactato
bracliio scutum emittere, Cacs. ; dare collo
braciiia, to embrace, Verg. ; as used in speaking,
porrcctio hrachii, Cic. ; in dancing, brachia
nnmeria movere, Ov. ; prow, esp., brachia sua
praebere scaler!, to assist in a crime, Ov. ; levi
brachio agere, to act ■without energy, Cic. ; molli
brachio objurgare, to upbraid lightly, Cic. ; diri-
gere brachia contra torrentem, to swim against
the stream, Juv. B. Transf., 1, the limbs of
animals, the claw of a crab, 0\\; the thigh of
an elephant, Plin.; the leg of a lion, Plin.; the
claio of the nautilus, Plin. ; used of the sign
Cancer, Ov. , and Scorpio, Verg. ; 2, of things
resembling the arm, tlie. branch of a tree, Verg.;
arm of the sea, Ov. ; the spur of a. mountain chain,
Plin.; the yard of a sail = antenna, Verg.; an
outwork connecting two points of a fortification,
Liv. ; the long walls •vnnecting Athens with the
Piraeus, Liv.
bractea (brattga) -ae, f. a thin plate' of metal,
gold leaf, Lucr., Verg., Ov.
bracteatUS -a -urn. A. Lit. covered with
gold leaf. B. Transf. 1, gilt, glittering like gold,
magnificent ; 2, glittering, unreal, delusive; feli-
citas.Sen.
bractcola -ae, f. (dim. of bractea), a little
leaf of gold, .Juv.
Bronchus ->, m, (Hpayvos), a Greek to whom
AyUlo gave the gift if prophecy; hence Bran-
chldae -arum, in, (Hpayyi'im). descendants of
Jtronchus, the hereditary caste of priests at the
temple if Apollo at Dulyma, near Miletus.
brassica -ae, f. cabbage, Plant.
Bratuspantium -ii, n. touin in Gallia Bel-
(jiia, now ruins of Jlrafuspante, near Breteuil.
Brennus -i, m. (BpfVi/o?), 1, leafier of the
fienonian Gauls who took and burned Home, b.c
389 ; 2, leader of a Gallic horde who invaded
Greece. Adj. Brennicus a -um.
breViariUB -a -um (brevis), abridged. Subst. ,
br~ : uni -i, n. short summary, report, epl-
t . -,'trii, statistical report, Suet.
brevlculus -a -tun (dim. of brevis), some-
what short or little, Plant.
brcviloquens -entis (brevis and loqnor),
brief in speech, Cic.
breviloqucntia -ae, f. (breviloquens),
brevity if speech, Cic.
brevis -e (fipa\v';). A. In regard to space,
1, as to length anil breadth (npp to longus,
latus), short; via, Verg. ; in breve cogere, to con-
trol! .'„(., a small s/mce, Jlor. ; 2, as to height
(opp. t<> longus, nltua, procerus), .judex brcvior
ouam testis, of shorter stature, Cic. ; 3, as to
ilepth (opp. to profundus), shallow ; brevia rata,
Verg. subst., brevia -ium, n. shallows, Verg.,
Tac., and sing., a shoal, Tac. B. In regard to
time(opp. to longus), 1, short ; ad breve tempos,
Cic. ; brevipost, shortly afterwards, Liv. ; brevi,
for a little time, Ov. ; 2, of short duration;
vitee curriculum, Cic. ; rosa, flos, lilium, bloom-
ing only for a short time, Ilor. ; breves populi
Roman! amores, short-lived, Tac. ; 3, oftheqiwn-
tity of syllables, short ; syllaba, Cic. ; 4, of dis-
course or writing, short, concise; breves litterao
tuae, Cic. ; brevis narratio, Cic. ; brevi, in a few
fords, Cic; breve faciam, / will make it shoit,
Cic. ; in breve cogere, to shorten, Cic. ; so meton.
of persons, quum se breves putcnt esse, longis-
simi Bint, Cic. ; brevis esse laboro, Ilor.
brevitas -Stis, f. (brevis), shortnes}. I.
Of space, I, in regard to length or breadth,
spatii, Cacs.; 2, of height, brevitas nostra, Ottr
short stature, Cacs. II. Of time, A. Lit., tem-
poris, diei, Cic. B. Transf., a, of the quantity
of syllables, syllabarnm, Cic; b, of speech and
writing, brevity, conciseness; litte'rarxun, Cic. ; ora-
tionis, Cic. ; brevi tati scrvire, to study brcr'*'i, Cic,
brevitcr, adv. (brevis). shortly. I. of space,
Til). II. Transf., a, of Die quantity of sylla,
bles, Cic. ; b, of conciseness in speaking or
writing, briefly ; rem breviter narrare, Cic.
Briareus -8i, m. (Bpiapei!?), also called Ae-
gaeon, son of Uranus, a giant with a hundred
arms and fifty heads; centumgeniinus, Verg.
Hence Briareius -a -um.
Brigantes -um, m. a tribe in the -north of
Britain, in Northumberland or Cumberland ;
henee adj., Briganticus -a -um, surname of
Julius, nephew of Civilis.
Brigantia -ae, f. (own of the Vindelici on
the lake ofjOonstance (now Bregcnz); hence adj.,
Brigantinus -a -um, Briganline.
Brimo -us, f. (Bptp.w), the terrible one, epithet
of Hecate, used of Proserpina, Prop.
Britannia -ae, f. and plur. Britanniae
-arum, used both of Great Britain and the British
Isles; hence adj., 1, Britannicus -a -um,
lierba, the plant water-dock, Plin. ; 2, Britan-
nus -a -um, and subst., Britannus -i, m, a
Briton, Hor. ; plur. Britanni -ornm, m. the
Britons, Caes. ; Brito -onis, m. a Briton, Juv. ;
a Breton, poet, for n Gaul, Mart.
Britannicus -i, in. the sun of Claudius and
Messalina, burn in 42, so called from his father's
pretended victories in Britain. He was «pt
aside from the succession in favour of Nero, the
son of his step-mother Agrippina, and murdered
after Nero became Rmperor.
Britomartis -is, f. (Bpn-o/xapTc?), a Cretan
deity, afterwards identified with Diana.
Brixia -ae, f. town in Cisalpine Gaul (now
Brescia), the mother-city of Verona. Hence adj.,
Brixianus a -um. of or relating to Brixia.
brocchitas -atis, f. projection of the teeth in
on ii, mis, Plin.
brocchus, (brochus, bronchus), projecting
(of teeth); of men and animals, having projecting
teeth, Plant.
BromiUS -ii, m. (Bpo/iios, the. noisy), a sur-
name of Bacchus, Plant., Ov.
Bructerl -orum, m. a people of North Ger-
many.
bruma -ae, f. (for brevma, contracted from
brevissima, sc. dies), the time of the shortest day
of the year, the. winter solstice. I. Lit., ante
brumani, Cic. ; sub bruma, Caes. II. Poet.,
, wintry cold ; bruma recurrit ineis, Hor. ;
III. Meton., the year, Mart.
brumalis -c (bruma), 1, relating to the
shortest /lay ; dies,Cic. ; signum, Capricorn, Cic. ;
2, wintry ; horae, Ov. ; frigus, Verg.
Brundisium -i, n. a town in Calabria, with
an excellent harbour, the port most used by the
Romans for journeys to Greece and the East
(now Brindisi); hence adj., Brundisinus a
-um, Brundisian.
Bru
75
Bruttii (Brutli, Brittli) -orum, m. the
Brultii, tlie inhabitants of the southern extremity
of Italy (now Calabria Ulteriore); hence adj.,
Bruttfus -a -um, Bruttian.
1. brutus -a -um (connected with jSapu'i and
PplBCs), 1, heavy, immoveable ; pondus, Lucr. ;
2, dull, insensible, without feeling or reason;
aliorum brutorum qui se cautos ac sapientcs
pntant, Cic.
2. Brutus -i, m. a cognomen of the Roman
Gens Junta. 1, L. Junius Brutus, relative of
Tarquinius Superbus, feigned idiocy, freed Rome
from the kingly power, B.C. 509. 2, M. Junius
Brutus, nephew of Calo Uticensis, one of the
murderers of Julius Caesar, intimate friend of
Cicero, philosopher and orator. 3, D. Junius
Bjutns, fellow conspirator with 2. Adj., Bru-
tinus -a -um, belonging to (M. Junius) Brutus;
consilia Brutina, Cic.
Bubastis -is, f. (Boii/3ao-Tis)> an Egyptian
goddess, represented with the head of a cat.
bubile -is, n. (bos), an ox-stall, Plaut.
bubo -onis, in. (/Sv'us, fiv£a), the screech owl,
Verg.
bubulcitor, 1. dep./aud bubulcito, 1. to
be a cow-herd, Plaut.
bubulcus -i, m. (bos), one who ploughs with
oxen, Cic.
bubulUS -a -um (b° s )> relating to cows or
oxen; caro, Plin. Subst., bubula -ae, f. (sc.
caro), beef, Plaut.
bucaeda -ae, m. (bos and caedo), one who
has been beaten with thongs of ox hide, Plaut.
bucca -ae, f. the cheek; esp. when puffed
out. I. Lit., buccas inflare, to swell with rage,
Hor. ; prov., quod in buccam venerit, scribito,
whatever comes into your mouth, Cic. II. Meton.,
1, a declaimer, bawler, Juv. ; 2, one who fills his
■mouth very full, a parasite, Petr. ; 3, « mouthful,
Mart. ; 4, a person, with swollen cheeks (of a
trumpeter), Juv.
buccella -ae, f. (dim. of bucca), a little
mouthful, Mart.
buccina, buccinator, etc., v. bucina»etc.
bucco -onis, m. (bucca), a babbling foolish
fellow, Plaut.
buccula -ae, f. (dim. of bucca) ; 1, the cheek,
jaw, Plaut. ; 2, the beaver, the visor, the part of
a helmet which covers the cheeks, Liv.
bucculentus -a -um (bucca), puffy-cheeked,
Plaut.
Bucephalas -ae, ace. -an, and -us -i, m.
(Macedonian Bovxe^aAas, Gr. Bovice<l>a\os), tlie
horse of Alexander the Great. Bucephala -ae,
f. and Bucephale -es, f. (Bovice<pd\r)), a town
founded in its honour on the Hydaspes.
bucerds -on, and bucerius -a -um, Lucr.
(jSou'K£pu>s), having ox's horns, Ov.
bucina -ae, f. (from the sound bu and cano,
or contr. from boviciua, from bos and cano). I.
a crooked trumpet ; a, the shepherd's horn. Prop. ;
b, a military trumpet, Cic. ; used as a signal for
relieving guard, hence ad tertiam bucinam(=
vigiliam), Liv. ; c, the trumpet used to summon
the popular assemblies, Prop. II. Triton's horn,
Ov._
bucinator -oris, m. a trumpeter, Caes.
buciiium -i, n. 1, tlie sound of a trumpet,
Plin. ; 2, a sliellfish, Plin.
buodlicus -a -um, and -os -6 -8n (0ou-
ko\ik6s), relating to shepherds, rural; modi, Ov.
buoula -ae, f. (dim. of bos), a lieifer, Verg.,
Cic
Byz
bufo -onis, m. a toad, Verg.
bulbus -i, m. (j3oA/3os), an onion, Ov.
buleuterion -ii, n. OSoiAevnjpioy), the place
of meeting of a Greek senate, Cic.
bulla -ae, f. a hollow swelling, a bladder,
bubble. I, Lit., a water bubble; ut pluvio per,
lncida caelo surgere bulla solet, Ov. tl. Transf.,
A. a boss, stud ; 1, on girdles, aurea bullis cin»
gala, Verg. ; 2, on doors, bullas aureas omnea
ex his valvis non dubitavit auferre, Cic. B. bulla
aurea, a golden ornament, an amulet (of Etruscan
origin), worn by triumphing generals and by
boys of good family, laid aside by the latter
when the toga virilis was put on ; hence dignus
bulla = childish, Juv.
bulla tus -a -um (bulla). I. inflated, bom*
bastic, or perishable, transitory, Pers. II. Transf.,
1, furnished with a bulla, in the sense of a boss,
knob, cingulum, Varr. ; 2, wearing the bulla,
and consequently not yet arrived at years of
discretion, heres, Juv.
bullio, 4. (bulla), to well up, bubble up, boil'
up, Pers.
Bullis (Byllis) -Idis, f. an Illyrian town and
district between Dyrrhachium and Apollonia;
henco Bullldenses -ium, in. inhabitants of
Bullis ; also Bulienses -Ium, m. and Bullini
-drum, in.
bumastus -i, f. a kind of vine bearing very
large grapes, Verg.
Bura -ae, f. (BoGpa), and Burls -is, f. a
town in Achaia, forty stadia from the sea.
Burdigala -ae, f. a town in Aquitania (now
Bordeaux).
buris -is, m. the crooked hinder part of the
plough, Vu b .-
Busiris -rfdfs, m. (rWo-ipis), an old king /
Egypt, who sacrificed all foreigners who came to his
country.
bustirapus -i, m. (bustum and rapio), a
robber of tombs, Plaut.
bustuai'ius -a -um (bustum), belonging to
the place, where corj>ses were burned ; gladiator,
one who fought? at a funeral pileinhonour of the
dead, Cic.
bustum -i, n. (from b'uro, old Lat. for uro).
I. the place where corpses where burned, Luer.
II. a grave, sepulchre. A. Lit, Cic. B. Fig.,
tu bustum reipublidae, the destroyer of tlie State,
Cic. ; bustum miserabile nati, Tereus who ate
his own son, Ov. ■
Buthrotum -i, n. and -tos -i, f. (BovOpurou
and -to?), a town on the coast of Epints, opposite
Corcyra, now Butrinto.
buthysia -ae, f. (fiovdvaia), a sacrifice of oxen,
Suet.
Butrotus -i, iu. a river in Bruttium, now
Bruciano.
Buxentum -i, n. a town in Lucania, now
Policastro.
buxifer -a -um (buxus and fero), producing
tlie box-tree, Cat.
buxus -i, f. and bUXUm i. n. (nvfos). I.
I, the evergreen box-tree, Ov. ; 2, box-wood, Verg.
II. Meton., articles made of box-wood — e.g.,jru/e,
Verg. ; top, Verg. ; comb, Ov. ; writing-tablets, ,
Prop.
Byrsa -ae, f. (BJpo-a), the citadel of Cartlutge,
Byzantium -li, n. (BufdWioi'), Byzantium,
a city in Thrace on the Bosphorus, opposite the
Asiatic Chalcedon (now Constantinople). Adj.,
Byzantinus -a •um, Byzantius -a -um '
Byzantine.
cab
C
76
CC, the third letter of the Latin Alphabet,
corresponding in place and originally in
sound with the Greek V, y. At an eurly period
it was substituted for K, which, except in a few
instances, disappeared from the language.
caballlnus -a -nm, belonging to a horse ;
fons (in jest) = Hippocrene, Pers.
caballus -i, in. a pack-horse, nag, Hor., Juv.
Jabillonum -i, n. a town of the Aedui in
Gallia Lugdunensis, now Ch&lons-sur-Sadne,
C&birl -orum, m. (Ka/3eipoi), gods honoured
by secret riUs in Lemnos and Samothrace.
c&chinnatio -onis, f. a violent laxighing,
cachinnation, Cic.
1. cachinno, 1. (cachinnus), to laugh aloud;
ridere convivae, cachinnare ipse Apronius, Cic.
2. c&ohinno -dnis, m. (cachinnus), one who
laughs heartily, a jester, Plaut; scoffer, Pers.
C&Chir.miS -i. in. (Ka.yxao-y.6i), loud laughter,
jeering; cachinuos irridentium commovere, Cic;
poet, transf., the splashing of the sea, Cat.
caco, 1. (kox6o>), 1, to void the excrement, Hor. ;
2, to defile with excrement, Cat.
cacoethes -is, n. (KaKonSa), an obstinate
disease, an itch or incuruble passion ; scribendi,
an incurable itch to write, Juv.
cacula -ae, m. a soldier's or officer's servant,
Plaut.
cacumen -Inls, n. 1, the extreme point, top,
summit; montis, Cat. ; arboris, Verg. ; ramorum,
Caes. ; 2, height, perfection ; alescendi, the
greatest growth, Lucr.
cacumino, 1. (cacumen), to point, make
pointed, Ov.
Caous -i, m. (Kaxot), son of Vulcan, an Italian
tattle-robber slain by Hercules.
cadaver -Sris (cado), n. a dead bodv. carcass,
of men or animals. I. Lit., Cic; as a tei.n of re-
proach, ab hoc ejecto cadavere quidquam mini ant
opis aut ornainenti expetebaui, Cic. II. Transf.,
of the ruins of towns, cadavera oppidum, ap. Cic.
cadaverosus -a -um (cadaver), like a corpse,
cadaverous, Ter.
Cadmus -i, in. (Kdfyxos), the son nf Agenor,
Jcing of Phoenicia und brother of Europa; father
of 1'olydorus, Ino, Semele, Autono'e, and Agave;
founder of Thebes in Boeotia. Adj., Cadmeus
-a -nm, Thebac, Prop. ; hence subst., Cadmea
-ae, f. the citadel of Thebes, Nep. ; Cadmeis
-Idis, f. arx, Theban, Ov. ; and subst., a female
descendant of Cadmus, Ov.
cado, cJcidi, casum, 3. to full. I. Gen.,
A. Lit., 1, of lifeless things, arma alicui cadunt
de mauibus, Cic. ; of weapons, levins, with less
violence, Caes.; of thunderbolts, caelo cadunt
ftilmina, Petr. ; of dice, at (talus) cadat rectus,
Cic. ; of sails, vela cadunt, are furled, Verg. ; of
rain, snow, tears, and other liquids, gnttae
cadentcs, Cic. ; of shadows, altis de montibus,
Verg. ; of things which naturally fall— e.g., fruit,
leaves, &c. ; motis poma cadunt ramis, Ot. ;
barbacadit, Verg.; of the sun, stars, the day, etc.,
to set; sol cadens, poet., the west; juxta soleni
cadentem, Verg. ; of winds, to be lulled; cadente
jam euro, Liv. ; of words, to fall from the mouth;
verba cadentia tollit, Hor. ; gram mat. and rhet.
1. 1., to come to an end ; verba melius in syllabas
longiores cadunt, Cic. ; 2, of living things, si
prolapsus cecidisset, Liv. ; in terram, Cic. ; de
equo, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of payments, to fall
due ; in earn diem cadere nummos qui a Quinto
Ca©
debentur, Cic; 2, of perception, to fall to the
notice of; sub oeulos, Cic. ; 3, to fall under a
certain class; in idem genus orationis, Cic; 4,
to fall under; in unius potestatem, Cic ; 5, to
agree with, be consistent with; lion cadit in hos
mores, non in nunc hominein ista suspicio,
Cic; 6, to happen; si quid adversi casuruin
foret, Liv. ; fortuito, Cic. ; male, Caes. ; cadere
ad or in irritmn, to become of «o effect, Liv. ; in-
speranti mihi cecidit ut, etc., Cic. ; 7, to fall, in
power, honour, etc., tarn graviter, Cic. ; to lose
or be cast in a law-suit, in judicio, Cic. ; causa,
Cic. ; to lose courage ; non debenius ita cadere
animis quasi, etc., Cic. II. Esp., A. to be de-
stroyed ; non tota cadet Troja, Ov. B. Of per-
sons, to be killed ; pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes. ;
in acie, Cic. ; sua manu, to commit suicide, Tac. ;
of the victims of a sacrifice, ovis cadit deo, Ov.
caduce&tor -oris, m. (caduceus), a herald,
Liv.
caduceus -i, m. a herald's staff, Cic. ; the
wand or staff of Mercury, Suet.
caducifer -feri (caduceus and fero), he that
bears the caduceus, surname of Mercury, Ov. ;
abso!., Ov.
cadUCUS -a -nm (cado), that which has fallen
or is falling. I. A. Lit., hello, fallen. i)i war,
Verg. B. Transf., legal t. t., bona, a legacji
rendered void by the death or legal incapacity of
the legatee, which fell to other heirs or to the ex-
chequer, Cic; legatum onme.capis necnon et
dulce caducum, Juv. II. A. Lit., inclined or
ready to fall; 1, gen., vitis, Cic; flos, Ov. ; 2,
esp., destined to die, devoted to death; juvenis,
Verg. B. Transf., frail, perishable, transitory ;
res humanae fragiles caducaeque, Cic.
Cadurci -orum, m. a Gaulish people in Aqui-
tania, famous for their linen manufactures;
hence a, adj., Cadurcus -a, -um ; b, subst.,
Cadurcum -i, n. (sc. stragulum). A. a cover-
let of Cadurcian linen. B. Meton., themarriage-
bed, Juv.
cadus -i, m. (xdSos), o vine jar ; capite sis-
tere, to overturn, Plant.; meton., wine, Hor.;
also used for other purposes, for honey, Mart. ;
= urua, a funeral urn, Verg.
Cadusii -orum, m. (KaSouViot), a warlike
nation on the Caspian Sea.
eaecias -ae, m. (koiki'oc), a north-east wind,
Plin.
caecigenus -a -um (caecus and gigno), bom
blind, Lucr.
Caecilius -a -um, name of a celebrated ple-
beian gens, the most impoitant family of which
was the Metelli ; of these the most illustrious
were : 1, Qu. Caec. Metellus, praetor b.c. 14S,
surnamea Macedonicus, for his conquests in Mace-
donia; 2, his son, Qu. Caec Metellus, consul
B.C. 123, snrnamed Balearicus for his victories
over the Baleares ; 3, Caecilia, the daughter of
Balearicus, the mother of the tribune Clodius :
4, C. Caecilius Statins, Roman comic poet, con-
temporary of Ennius, died about 108 B.C. Adj.,
Caecilius -a -um, Caecilian, lex (de ambitu),
Cic. ; Caeciilanus -a -um, fabula, of Caecilius
Statins, Cic. ; senex, In a play of the same, Cic.
caecitas -atis, f. (caecus), blindness, Cic. ;
fig., of the mind, an tibi luminis obesset caecitas
plus quam libidinis ? Cic.
caeco, 1. to make blind, Lucr. ; fig., largi-
tione mentes imperitoruin, Cic. ; edentate cao-
cata oratio, made obscure, Cic
Caeciibum -i, n. and Caecubus ager, <i
district in Lotium, famed for its wine ; hence adj.,
Caecubus -a -um, Caecutan; vinum Caeoubum
and simply Caecubum, wine of Caecnbum, Hor.
cae
77
Cae
caeous -a -urn, adj. with compar.' I. Active.
A. Lit., blind, not seeing ; ille qui caecus factus
est, Cic. ; subst., apparet id etiam caeco, Liv.
B. .Transf., intellectually or morally blind,
blinded ; 1, of persons, caecus animi, Cic. ; 2,
of passions, timor, Cic. II. Passive. A. Lit.,
1, of plaees that have no light, dark; domus,
Cic. ; 2, of objects, appearances, etc., invisible,
unseen; fores, Verg.; pericula, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, dark, unintelligible, unknown; fata, Hor. ;
2, blind, uncertain, objectless; caeca cxpecta-
tione, Cic.
caedes -is, f. (caedo). A. a cutting off, a
cutting down, killing, slaughter, carnage; a, caed-
cm facerc, Cic. ; plur. multae et atroces inter se
caedes, Liv.; b, killing of victims for sacrifice;
bidentium, Hor. B. Meton., a, the persons
slain; caedis acervi, Verg.; b, blood shed in
slaughter, (currus) respersus fraterna cacde, Cat.
caedo, cecidi, caesum, 3. to hew, fell, cut
down, hew in pieces, strike, beat. I. A. januam
saxis, Cic; aliqucin virgis, Cic; silvani, Caes.
B. Transf., testibus caedi, to be hard pressed,
Cic. II. A. to kill; consulem exercitumque,
Liv. ; poet., caesi acervi, limps of the slain, Cat.;
caesus sanguis, the blood of the slain, Verg. ; of
sacrificial victims, hostias, Cic. B. to cut out,
securibus humida vina (of wine when frozen),
Verg. ; latius (murus) quam caederetur ruebat,
Liv.
caelamen -inis (caelo), n. a bas-relief, Ov.
caelator -oris, in. (caelo), a chaser, graver,
or carver, Cic.
caelatura -ae, f. (caelo), the art of engraving
or chasing, chiefly in metals or ivory, Quint. ;
meton., an engraving, Suet.
caelebs -libis, unmarried, single(of the man).
I. A. Lit., se rectius viduam et ilium caelibem
esse futurum, Liv. B. Meton., vita (of an un-
married man), Hor. II. Transf., of trees, pla-
tanus, to which >w vine is trained, Hor.
caeles -Itis (caelum), heavenly; regna, Ov.
Subst., a god, Ov. ; oftener in plur., caelites,
the gods, Cic.
caelestis -e (caelum), a, belonging to heaven,
heavenly ; corpora, Cic. ; hence subst., caeles-
tia -ium, n. things in heaven, the heavenly
bodies, Cic ; b, coming from the heavens or seen,
in the heavens ; aqua, Hor. ; spiritus, Cic. ; c,
belonging to heaven as the seat of the gods, celestial,
divine ; dii, Cic. ; sapientia, Cic. ; quern prope
caelestem fecerint, whom tliey almost deified, Liv.;
hence subst., caelestis -is, f. a goddess, Tib.;
plur., m. and f. the gods, Cic. ; transf. for what is
excellent, glorious, superhuman; ingeuium, Ov.
caelibatus -us, m. (caelebs), celibacy, Suet.
caelicola -ae, m. (caelum and colo), a
dweller in heaven ; poet., a god, Verg.
caelifer -fera -ferum, bearing the heavens;
Atlas, Verg.
CaellUS -a -urn. I. ncwie of a Roman ple-
beian ge>is, the most celebrated members of which
were: 1, C. Caelius Caldus, Roman orator and
lawyer; 2, L. Caelius Antipater, annalist of the
Second Punic War, contemporary of the Gracchi ;
3, M. Caelius Rufus, intimate friend and client
of Cicero. II. Caelius Mons, a hill in Rome
south of the Palatineand cast of the Aventinc (now
the Laieran). Adj. , CaeUanus -a -um, Caelian.
caelo, 1. (1. caelum), 1, to tngravi or chase
metals or ivory, to carve in. bafrelicf; specieru
caelare argento, Cic. ; vasa caelata, Cic. ; 2, of
poetry, caelatuin novem Musis opus, adorned
by, Hor.
1. caelum -i, n. (caedo), the burin or engrav-
ing-tool, Mart,
2. caelum -i, n. (connected with Gr. xolKot,
hollow), 1, the heavens; caelum totum astris
distinctum et ornatum, Cic. ; non de caelo de-
missos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, Liv. ; cae-
lum ac terras miscere, Liv. ; rindere caelum
aratro, to do something impossible, Ov. ; hence, a,
of a great height, it caelo clamor, Verg. ; juncta
caelo montium juga, Liv. ; minari in caelum,
Verg.; b, fig., as the height of joy, renown,
etc., esse in caelo, Cic. ; aliquem or aliquid ferre
ad or in caelum, Cic ; 2, the heavens, a, as the
home of light, clouds, etc., caelum uocte atque
nubibus obscuratum, Sail. ; de caelo cadere (of
meteors), Liv. ; caelum discedit, light, Cic. ; ictus
c caelo, Cic. ; b, the air, caelum liberuni, Cic. ;
of climate, gravitas huius caeli, unlualthiness,
Cic. ; caelum crassuin, Cic. ; 3, heaven as the
home of the gods, de caelo delapsus, a mes-
senger of the gods, Cic. ; non ad mortem trudi,
verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. ; quid
ine caelum sperare jubebas, marriage with a god,
Verg.
CaelUS -i, m. = Caelum personified as a, god,
son of Aether and Dies.
caementum -i, n. (caedo), rough stone from
V<e quarry, Cic.
CcteneuS -ei, in. (K<ui/eu's), originally a
maiden, daughter of Elatus, clianged by Neptum
into a boy and then into a bird.
Caenina -ae, f. (Kaivivt)), town in Latiwn;
hence adj., Caoninensis -e and Caeninus
-a -um, of or belonging to Caenina.
oaenosus -a -um (caenum), muddy, Juv.
caenum -i, n. (connected with in-quino),
mud, dirt, filth ; male olere omue caenum, Cic. ;
as a term of reproach, labes ilia atque caenum,
Cic.
caepa (cepa) -ae, f. and oaepe (cepe) -is, n.
an onion, Hor.
Caepib -onis, in. the cognomen of a patrician
branch of the gens Scrvilia.
Caere", n. indecl., and Cacres -Itis or -itis,
f. a very old city of Etruria, whose inhabitants
received the Roman citizenship, except the right of
voting ; hence, Caeres -Itis and -etis. belonging
to Caere; subst., Caerites or Caeretes -um,
ru. the inliabitants of Caere; Caerite cera (i.e.,
tabula) digni = deserving of civic degradation,
Hor.
caerimonla -as, f. I. holiness, sacredness;
deorum, Cic. ; legationis, Cic. II. 1, holy awe,
reverence; sumina religione caarimoniaque sacra
conlicerc, Cic. ; 2, religious usage, sacred cere-
mony (gen. in plur.), Cic.
Caeroesi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Belgica,
near modern Luxemburg or Liittich.
caerulSus (poet, caerulus) -a -um (con-
nected with caesius). I. dark-coloured, dark
blue, epithet of the sea and sky ; a, of the sky,
caerula caeli, or simply caerula, the azure of the
sky, Lucr., Ov. ; b, of the sea, aquae, Ov. ;
caerula -orum, n. the sea, Enu. ; of sea-gods,
deus, Neptune, Ov. ; mater, 1'hetis, Ov. ; equi, of
Triton, Ov.; via, Ov. ; puppis, Ov.; c, of rivers,
Thybris, Verg. ; d, of other things, angues,
Verg. ; Germanorum pubes, blue- eyed, Hor.
Subst., caeruleum -i, a blue colour, Plin.
II. Poet., dark green, Ov. ; dark, Verg.
Caesar -iris, m. a Roman family name of the
gens Julia, the most famous of which were, 1, C.
Julius Caesar, who conquered Pompeius, overthrew
the power of the senate, was made Dictator with
supreme power, and was murdered by Brutus and
Cassius, 44 B.C. ; 2, his nephew, Octavius, who took
his name, with the addition of Octavianus, and es-
tablisheil the empire. After him all the emperors
bore the name of Caesar with the title Augustus,
Cae
78
till, under Hadrian, a distinction was made, and
the reigning emperor was called Caesar Augustus,
and the appointed heir Caesar. Adj., A. Cacs-
arcus -a -mn, belonging to Julius Caesar; sang-
uis, Ov. B. Caosarianus -a -uni, Caesarian ;
subst. C'ae^ariani, the partisans of Caesar. C.
. Caesariensis -c, Mauritania, the cast part of
.Mauritania. D. Caesannus -a -um, 0/
(Julius) Caesar; celeritas, Cic.
Caesarea -ae, f. (Knio-apetn), ??ame of several
towns, 1, in Palestine; 2, in Mauritania Caesari-
ensis; 3, in Cappadocia; 4, in Phoenicia.
caesariatus -a -um (caesaries), long-haired,
Plaut.
caesaries -ei, f. a bushy head of hair, Verg. ;
barbae, the hair of the beard, Ov.
caesim, adv. (caedo). A. with] cutting, with
the edge of the sword (opp. to punctim, With the
■point), petore hosteni, Liv. B. Transf.,of dis-
course, in short sentences; membratim adhuc,
deindo caesim dixiuius, Cic.
oaesius -a -um, bluish grey, used of the
colour of the eyes ; caesios oculos Minervae,
caeruleos Neptuni, Cic. ; leo, with grey eyes, Cat.
caespes (cespes) -itis (caedo), grass that has
been cut. I. A. Lit. turf, used for altars, tombs,
mounds; primum exstruendo tumulo caespitem
Caesar posuit, Tac. ; plur., gladiis caespites
circumcidere, Caes. ; non esse anna caespites
neque glebas, Cic. B. Meton., a, a hv.t of turf,
Hor. ; b, an altar of turf, Hor. ; c, ft clump of
plants, verg. II. Transf. grassy sward; gra-
miueus, Verg.
1. caestus -us, m. (caedo), gauntlet for
boxers, made of leathern thongs, Cic.
! 2. caestus -i, in., v. cestus.
caeterus, etc. ... v. ceterus, etc.
Caicus -i, m. (KdtKos), ft river in Mysia flow-
ing into the Sinus Ekaticus.
Cajeta -ae (ami -e -es), f. I. the nurse of
Aeneas. II. n town on the sea-coast, on t\e borders
of-Latium and Campania, now Ga'eta.
Cajus (poet. Caius), -i, in., and Caja -ae,
f., 1, n common praeiiom.cn among the Romans.
At a wedding, the bride and bridegroom were
called by these names, and the bride said ubi tu
Cajus, ego Caja; 2, the name of a celebrated
Jiomiiu, jurist, more frequently written Gains,
who flourished under the Alitonines at the 1"
ginning of the second century.
Calabri -drum, m. inhabitants of Calabria.;
hence, Calaber -bra -brum, belonging to Cala-
bria.; poet., Pierides, the poems of Ennuis, Hor. ;
Calabria -ae, f. the peninsula at the south-east
extremity of Italy.
Calacte -es, f. (KaX*7j oki-i"), a town on the north
coast of Sicily; hence, Calactinus -a um, of
or belonging to Calacte.
Cal&grurris -is, f. a town in Spain, now
Loharre; hence Calagurrltani -oruni, m.
the inhabitants ofCalagurris.
Calais, ace. -in, abl. -i, 111. (KdAan) son of
Boreas and Orithyia, brothers of Zeles, who accom-
)■ itd the Argonauts and drove off the Harpies.
Calamis -midis, 111. (KaAa^ts), one of the
greatest sculptors of the age of Phidias.
colr.mistor -tri, in*, and calamistrum
-tri, n. (calamus). A. a curling-iron for the hair;
frons calamistri notata vestigiis, Cic. B. Transf.
excessive ornament or flourish indiscourne ; ineptis
fortasse gratum fecit, qui volent ilia calamistrir.
inurcre, Cic.
calamlstratus -a -um, curled with the
CVTling-irvn ; coma, Cic. ; saltator, Cic.
cal
cal&mitas -atis, f. A. damage, loss, failure,
especially in agriculture, Cic. B. Transf. misfor-
tune, damage, calamity, loss ; calami tatein tolerare,
Cic. ; calamitate proliibere aliquem, Cic. ; plur.,
calamitates reipublicae; especially misfortune,
reverse in war; Caniiensis ilia calamitas, Cic.
calamitose, adv. (calamitosus), unfortunate-
ly; vivere, Cic.
calamitosus -a -um (calamitas), 1, act.,
causing loss, destructive ; tempestas, Cic; bellum,
calamitous, Cic. ; 2, pass., suffering great loss,
'miserable; agri vectigal, oppressive, Cic. ; homines
miseri et fortuna magis quam culpa calamitosi,
Cic.^
calamus -i, m, (xdAajuos), I. a reed. A.
Lit., Ov. B. Metou., various articles made of
reed, a writing reed, j;e», Cic. ; ft reed-pipe, Pan-
pipe, Verg. ; an arrow, llor. ; a fishing-rod, Ov. ;
« limed twig for folding, Prop. II, any reed-
shaped stalk, Verg.
calathiscus -i, nv (dim. of calathus), a small
■wicker basket, Cat.
calathus -i, m. (Kd\a9o$), 1, a wicker bas-
ket, used for fruit or flowers, Verg. ; for spin-
ning, Ov. ; 2, ft vessel of similar form of metal or
wood; a cheese-basket, Verg.; a wine-bowl, Verg.
Calatia -ae, and Calatiae -arum, f. a E< ion
in Campania. Adj., Calatinus -a-uni, Calu-
tine.
calator -oris, m. (1. calo), a servant, attendant
upon priests, Suet.
calautica -ae, f. a kind of female headdress
with pendent lappets, Cic.
calcaneum -i, n. the heel, Verg. (?).
calcar -avis, n. (calx), ft'spio - . I. Lit. equo
calcaria subdere, Liv. ; equum calcaribus couci-
tarc, Liv. ; prov.-, addere calcaria sponte cur-
rcnti, to S}mr the willing horse, Plin. II. Transf.
stimulus, incitement; admovere, Cic; gen. in
plur., alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus, Cic;
calcaria adhibere, Cic.
calceamentum -i, n. (calceo), a covering
for the foot; calceamentum sclonim callum, Cic.
calcearium -i, n. (calceus), shoe money,
Suet.
calceatus -us, 111. i= oalccamentum (q.v.).
calceo, 1. to shoe, provide with shoes; homines
non satis commode calceati et vestiti, Cic.
calceolarius -i, in. (calceolus), a shoemaker,
Plant.
calceolus -i, m. (dim. of calceus), a half
shoe, Cic.
calceus -i, m. (calx, the heel), a shoe, dis-
tinguished from the sandal (solea) as covering
the whole foot, Cic; calcei Sicyouii, of Samian
leather, Cic. ; (as the Romans took off their shoes
when reclining at dinner), calceos poscere = tn
rise from table, Plin.; calceos mutare, to become
a senator (from a particular kind of shoe worn
only by senators), Cic.
CalciU' a (Calcas) -antis, ace. -antem and
-anta, in. (KdAx«?), son of Thestor, sootlisayer to
the Greeks before Troy.
Calckedon -cmis and -ouos, ace -onem and
-5na, f. (XaKK-g&iov), town in Bithynia on thc_Pro-
pontis, opposite Byzantium. Adj., Calched.6-
nius -a -um., Catchedonian.
calclo - calceo (q.v.).
calcitratus -as, m. a kicking, Plin.
1. calcltro, 1.(1. cilix). -A. Lit. to strike'
with the heel, kick, Plin. B. Transf. to oppose-
perversely and obstinately, Cic.
2. calcltro -onls, m. (1. caleitro), a /'W.r,
Varr. ; of men, ft bully, blusterer, Plin, ; •
cal
79
Cal
ealco, 1. (1. calx), to tread, to tread upon.
I. Gen. A. Lit. aliquem pede, Tac. B. Transf.,
a, to trample under foot, conquer ; aiuorem, Ov. ;
b, to mock, insult, Prop. II. Esp. A. to tread
upon (grapes) in the wine-press; uvas, Ov. B.
to stamp, compress, Verg. C. to visit (a place);
viaui, nor.
calculator -oris, m. a calculator, bookkeeper,
accountant, Mart.
calculus -i, in. (dim. of 2. calx), alittle stone,
pebble. I. Gen., Cic. ; collectively, gravel, Verg.
II. Esp., a, apiece used in the Roman game of
Latrunculi or Duodecim scripta ; calculum redu-
cere, to retract a wore, Cic. ; b, a voting pebble,
a white one being thrown into the urn to ac-
quit or to affirm, a black one to condemn or to
negative; album calculum adjicere errori nostra,
Plin. ; c, a counter for reckoning, hence a calcu-
lation ; ad calculos vocare aliquid, to subject to
a strict reckoning, Cic.
caldus = calidus (q.v.).
Caledones -um, ace. -as, in. the inhabitants
of Caledonia. Hence A. Caledonia -ae, f. the
north-west of Scotland. B. Adj., CaledoniUS
-a -um, Caledonian.
calefacio (calfacio) -feci -factum, 3., pass.
calefio (calfio) -factus sum -fieri. A. Lit.,
to make warm, heat; 1, of things, baliueum
callieri jubebo, Cic. ; 2, of animals, corpus, Cic.
B. Transf., to disturb, excite; Gabinium ad
popnlum luculente calefecerat Mummius, Cic. ;
calefacta corda tumultu, Verg.
calefacto, 1. (inteus. of calefacio), to make
warm, heat, Hor.
Calendae (Kalendae)-arum, f. (from calare,
to call, the calends being the day on which the
times of the Nones and the festivals were pro-
claimed),- 1, the first day of the month; Cal.
Februariae, the first of February; femineae Calen-
dae, the first of March, the day of the Matronalia,
when Roman matrons sacrificed to Juno, Juv. ;
on the calends, interest of money was paid ;
hence tris'tes Calendae — i.e., for debtors — Hor. ;
as there were no calends in the Greek year, ad
Graoeas Caleudas solvere = never to ixiy, Suet. ;
2,- month, Ov.
Calenus, v. Calcs.
caleo -ui, 2. (connected with kou'w), to be
warm, hot, to glow. I. Lit., A. Of physical
heat, ignis calet, Cic. ; centum Sabaeo ture
Client arae, Verg. ; tcrrae alio sole calentcs,
Hor. B. Of animal heat, os calet tibi, Plaut.
II. Transf., A. Of persons, to be inflamed,
aroused, excited ; calebat in agendo, he was all
fire in acting, Cic. ; Romani calentes adhuc ab
receuti pugua, Liv. ; cupidine laudis, Ov. ; so
of love, to be in love with; juvene, femina, Hor.
B. Of things, 1, to be urged on zealously ; indicia
caleut, Cic. ; res calet, is ripe for execution, Cic. ;
2, to be yet warm, fresh of interest; illud crimen de
minimis caluit re receuti, Cic.
Cales -ium, f. town in Campania, famous for
its wine, now Calvi. Adj., Calenus -a -um, of
or belonging to Coles.
calcsc o, 3. (inch, of caleo), to become warm,
to grow hot; calescere vel apricatione vel igni,
Cic. ; tunc priinum radiis gelidi caluere triones,
Ov. ; tig., of love, quo proplor nunc es, fiamma
propiore calesco, Ov.
Calcti -oruin and Caletea -um, m. a Gallic
tribe in Normandy on the Seine.
caliandrum -i, n. v. caliendrum.
calide, adv., with superl. (calidus), warmly,
speedily, Plaut.
palldus (caldus) -a -um, ivarm, hot. A, Lit,
dies, Cic. Subst., a, callda -ae, f. (sc aqua),
warm water, Plin. ; b, calidum -i, n. warm win*
and water, Plaut. B. 1, hot] fiery, \mssionate,
violent; equus, Verg.; calidus juventa, Hor.;
consilium calidum, Cic. ; 2, quick, speedy, Plaut.
caliendrum -i, n. « head-dress of Iiotwn
women, Hor.
caliga -ae, f. (connected with calceus and
calx, heel), a stout slioe, esp. soldier's shoe, Cic.
caligatus -a -um, wearing tlie caliga; call-
galum venire, booted and spurred, Juv, Subst.
Ul., a common soldier, Suet.
caliginosus -a -um (1. caligo). I. Lit.,
foggy, misty ; caelum nebulosum et caliginosum,
Cic. II. Transf, da/7:; uox, the unknown future,
Hor.
1. caligo -luis, f. I. fog, mist, vapour; fulvae
nubis caligo crassa, Verg. II. Meton., dark-
ness. A. Lit., 1, gen., tetrae tenebrae et caligo,
Cic. ; 2, esp., mist before the eyes ; aliquid cer-
uere quasi per caliginem, Cic. B. Trausf., 1,
menial darkness, dxdness; haec indoctorum aui-
mis ott'usa caligo, Cic; 2, calamity; superioris
anni caligo et tenebrae, Cic. ; 3, gloominess,
sadness, Cic.
2. caligo, 1. (1. caligo). I. to spread a dark
mist around, Verg.; meton., caligantes fenestrae,
making dizzy, Juv. II. to be dark; caligans
lucus, Verg. II. Esp., of the eyes, to be misty;
caligant oculi, Lucr. ; transf, to be in darkness,
Plin. ; pro v., caligare in sole, to grope in daylight,
Quint.
Caligula -ae, m. (dim. of caliga, lit., a little
soldier's shoe), nickname of C. Caesar, the third
Roman Emperor, so called because when a boy in
the camp of his father Germanicus lie was dressed
as a com) .on soldier.
callx leis, m. (ftvAif), 1, a goblet, drinking
vessel; calix mulsi, Cic. ; 2, a cooking vessel, Ov.
Callaeci (Gallaeci) -oru'm, in. a people in the
north-west of Spain. Hence' Callaecia (Gal-
laecia) -ae, f.,' the country of the Callaeci; adj.,
Callaecus -a -um and Callaicus -a -um.
calico, 2. (callum). I. to be thick-skinned,
Plaut. II. Transf., A. Iutransit., to be clever,
experienced, ap. Cic. ; USD alicuius rei, Liv. B.
Transit., to know by experience, understand;
Poenoruin jura, Liv.
Callicratidas -ac, m. (KaAXiKpaTi'Sas), a
Spartan commander, killed at the battle qf At-
ginusie.
Callicula -ae, f. a small hill in Campania.
callide, adv. (callidus), in a good sense,
cleverly; in a bad sense, cunningly, slyly; callide
arguteque dicere, Cic. ; omnia decreta eius peri-
tissime et callidissime venditare, Cic.
calliditas -atis, f. I. In a good sense, ex-
pert uess, cleverness; viucere omnes calliditate
et celeritate iugenii, Nep. II. More frequently
in a bad sense, cunning,' craft, artifice; scientia
quae est remota ab justitia calliditas potius
quam sapientia appellauda, Cic. ; stratagem in
war, Liv.; iu oratory, artifice; genus eiusmodi
calliditatis atque calumniae, Cic.
callidus -a -um (calleo), 1, clever by reason
of experience, dexterous, skilful, sly, cunning;
a, absol., agitator (equi), Cic;artifex, Cic; legum
scriptor peritus et callidus, Cic. ; a connoisseur
in art, Hor. ; b, with ad and the ace, ad fraudem,
Cic. ; c, with in and the abl., in dicendo vehe-
menset callidus, Cic; d, with the genit. r reiniili-
talis, Tac; e, with the abl., homines. callidi
usu, Cic;; 2, of things, cunningly or slyly de-
vised'; audacia, Cic; niwis callida juris inter*
pretatlo, too subtle, Cic.
Callifae -arum, f, a town \n Samniunu
Cal
80
cam
Callimiichus -i, in. (KaAAi>oxos), a. cele-
brated Greek poet of Cyrene.
CaUIope -es, f. (KaWtotrri, the beahtiful-
voiced), and Calliopca -ae, f. I. Calliope, the
Muse of epic poetry, or of poetry in general, Hot.,
Ov. II. Meton., 1, vos, O Calliope, etc.oH the
Muses collectively, Verg. ; 2, poetry, Ov.
CallipollS -is, f. (KaAAuroAi?). I. a town on
the Thrucian Chersonese, now Gallipoli. II. a
town in the Tuuric Cliersonesc.
Callirrhde -es, f. (KaAXipporj), 1, daughter of
Hie river Achelous, wife of Alcmaeon; 2, a well
it Athens, on the south side of the Acropolis.
callis -is, m. ami (in prose, gen.) f. a narrow
track, footpath, cattle track; Italiac calles ct pas-
toruin stabula, Cic.
CallistheneS -is, in. (KaAAt<70eV?;s), a philo-
sopher of Olynthus, who accompanied Alexander
the Great into Asia, and died a violent death there.
CallistO -fis, f. (KaAAicrno), daughter of the
A rcadian king Lycaon, mother of Areas by Jupiter,
changed by Juno into a bear, and placed by Jupiter
among the stars as Ursa Major or Helice.
callosus -a -nm (callum), having a hard
»':!)!, hard; ova, Hor.
callum -i, n. and callus -I, m. I. the hard
skin of animals ; calceamentum callum solorum,
Cic. II. Transf., insensibility ; ipse labor quasi
callum quoddam obducit dolori, Cic. ; quorum
animis diuturna cogitatio callum vetustatis ob-
duxerat, Cic.
1. C&lo, 1. (xaA<2>), to call, summon; t.t. of
i rligious ceremonies, Quint. ; coinitia calata, an
assembly of the etiriat for merely' formal business,
Cic.
2. calo -finis, m. (perhaps contr. tor caballo,
from caballus), a horse-boy, groom, a litter-bearer,-
Cic. ; a soldier's slave, camp-menial, Caes.
1. calor -oris, in. (caleo), warmth, he/it. I.
Pliys.i A. Geu., vis frigoris et caloris, Cic. B.
Esp., heat of the sun or day; vitaudi caloris causa
Lanuvii trcs boras acquieveram, Cic. ; calores
inaximi, Cic. ; niediis caloribus, in full summer,
Liv. C. heat of a hot wind ; calores austrini,
Verg. IL animal heat. A. Lit., Tib. B. Transf.,
love, Ov., Hor.
2. C&lor -oris, m. a river in Samnium, now
Colore.
Calpe -es, f. (KdAjnj), one of the pillars of
Hermles, now Gibraltar.
Calpurnius -a -uni, name of a Roman ple-
beian gens, the families of which bore the. names of
Flamraa, Aspreuas, Piso, Bestia, Bibulus. The
most remarkable of this gens were : 1, C. Calp.
Piso, praetor and propraetor in Spain, 1S6 a.c. ;
2, L. Calp. Piso, consul in 112 a.c. ; 3, L. Calp.
Frugi, tribune 149 a.c, consul 133 a.c; 4, L.
Calp. Bestia, tribune 121, consul 111, and general
ugai)ist Jugurtha ; 5. L. Calp. Bibulus, step-son
of M. Brutus; 6, C. Calp. Piso, son-in-laiv of
Cicero; 7, L. Calp. Piso Caesonius, father-in-law
of Caesar ; 8, Calpurnia, wife of Caesar ; 9, T.
Calp. Siculus, Roman bucolic poet of third century
a.c. Adj., Calpumian, Calpurnia lex; a, de
repetundis of L. Calp. Piso Frugi ; b, de am-
bitu of the consul C. Calp. Piso.
caltha -ae, f. a plant, prob. the common mari-
gold, Verg.
calthula -ae, f. (caltha), a woman's robe of a
yellow colour, Plaut.
calumnia -ae, f. (Old Lat. calve>e, con-
nected with carpere), trick, artifice, chicane, craft;
a, Gen., inimicorum calumuia, Cic. ; religionis
caluniuia, deceitful pretence, Cic; calumniam
adhibere, Cic; in hac calumuia Unions, mis-
giving caused by ill-grounded fear, Cic. ; b, esp.,
false accusation, malicious prosecution ; calumuia
litium alicnos fnndos petere, Cic. ; calumniam
jurare, to swear that an accusation is not malici-
ous, Cic; meton., action for false accusation;
calumniam private judicio non elfugere, Cic.
calumniator -oris, m. (calumnior), an in-
triguer, pettifogger ; scriptum sequi calumni-
atoris esse ; boni judieis, voluntatem scriptoria
auctoritatemque defendere, Cic.
calumnior, 1. dep. (calumuia), to contrive
tricks, to attack with artifices; jacet res in con-
troversiis isto calumniante biennium, Cic. ;
calumniabar ipse ; putabam, etc., / made mysel/
unnecessarily anxious, Cic.
calva -ae, f. (calvus), the bald scalp of the
head, Liv.
calveo, 2. to be bare of hair, bald, Plin.
Calvisms -li, m. Roman name, 1, C. Calv.
Sabinus, legate of Caesar; 2, CalvLsius, the ac-
cuser of Agrippina, the mother of Nero.
CalvJtieS -ei, f. (calvus), baldness, Suet.
calvitium -li, n. (calvus), baldness, Cic.
calvor, 3. dep. to form intrigues, deceive,
Plaut.
calvus -a -um, bald, without hair, Plaut.
Calvus, the name of a family of the gens
Licinia, v. Licinius.
1. calx -cis, f. the heel ; certare pugnis, cal-
cibUB, Cic. ; calcem terere calce, to tread close on
the heels, Verg. ; calces remittere, to kick, Nep. ;
prov., adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare), to
Kick against the pricks, Ter.
2. calx -cis, f. and (rarely) m. (xdAif ), a stone.
I. a pebble used as a counter in various games,
Plant. II. lime, chalk; lintribus in earn in-
sulam materiam, calcem, caementa convehere,
Cic. ; as the goal in a racecourse was marked
witli chalk, meton. = « goal, end (opp. carceres,
the starting-point) ; quibuscum tainquam e car-
ceribus emissus sis, cum iisdem ad calcem, ut
dicitur, pervenire, Cic. ; ad carceres a calce ro-
vocari, to turn back from the end to the begin-
ning, Cic
CilyeadnuB -i, m. (KaAvKaim). I. a river
in CiUcia. II. promontory in Cilicia at the
mouth of the river of the same name.
Calydon -Onis, f. (KaAvSwV), a very ancient
city in Aetolia. Hence adj., 1, Calydonius -a
•nm, Calydonian ; lieros, Meleager, Ov. ; amnis,
the Achelous, Ov. ; rcgna, the kingdom of Dio-
medes in Lower Italy, Ov.; sus, ajier, the bmr
slain by Meleager, Mart. ; 2, Calyddnis -Wis,
f. Calydonian; subst.= Deianira, Ov.
Calypso -us, ace -o. f. (Ka\i/i//w), a nymph,
daughter of Atlas, who entertained Ulysses in the
■island ifOrtygia, and kept him there seven y&irs.
camara = camera (q.v.).
Camarina (Cairn'rina) -ae, f. (Kafia'pwa),
town in the south-west of Sicily, now Camcrina or
Camarana.
Cambur.ii montes, m. mountains forming
the boundary bcticeen Thcssaly and Macedonia.
Cambysis -is, m. (Kou^i/ot)?), 1, husband of
Mandane, father of Cyrus the Elder ; 2, son and
successor of Cyrus the Elder.
camslla -ae, f. (dim of camera), a kind of
goblet, Ov.
camslus -i, m. and f. (j«ifir)Aos), a camel, Cic.
Ciraena (Camoena), -ae, f. (from car.o, orig.
casmena, then carmena), gen. plur. the prophesy-
ing goddesses of springs, in later times identiued
with the Greek Muses ; meton., poetry, Hor.
camera (camara) -ae, f. (ic<ip.dpo), 1^ a vaulted
Cam
dumber, vault, Cic; 2, a kind of fiat covered
boat, Tac. w
Cameria -ae, f. aud Camerium -H, n.
(own fn Latium. Adj., Camerinus -a -urn, of
or belonging to Cameria.
Camillus -i, in. cowmen 0/ several members
of the gens Furia, the most famous of whom, M.
Furina Camillus, took Veil, and freed Rome from
the Gauls. Appell., a. saviour of one's country;
liovus Camillus, Liv.
caminus -i, m. (ndaivos), 1, a forge, Oy. ;
pvov., semper ardente camino, with ceaseless in-
dustry, Juv. , 2, afire-place, Hor. ; meton., ./ire ;
lueulentus, Cic. ; prow, oleum addere camino,
ro aggravate an evil, Hor.
cammarus -i, m. (xa/xjiapos), a craw, lobster,
Campania -ae, f. (campus, cf. Fr. cham-
pagne, the level country), a district of Central
Italy, the capital of which was Capua, now Terra
di Lawn. Adj., Campanus -a -um, Campa-
nian; via, a by-road connected with the ma
Appia, Suet. ; morbus, a kiml of wart on the face
common in Campania, Hor.; pons, the bridge
over the Savo (Haona), Hor. ; colonia, Capua,
Cic; arrogantia, Cic. Subst., Campani -orum,
111. the inhabitants of Campania, Cic.
campester -tria -tre (campus), 1, relating
to level country, flat ; loca campestna, Liv. ; iter,
march in a level country, Caes. ; hence subst.,
campestria -ium, n. a plain, Tac; 2, a, relat-
ing to the Campus Martius and its gymnastic exer-
cises; Indus, Cic; hence subst., campestre -is,
II. (sc. velamentum), ci covering worn by wrestlers
round their loins, Hor. ; b, relating to the
comitia; certamen, Liv.; quaestus, Cic.
campus -i, m. (connected with k^tto?), 1, a
flat spot, a plain; campos et montes peragrare,
Cic. ; hence, a meadow, field ; herbidus aquosus-
que, Liv. ; field of battle, Liv. ; poet., a level
surface of any kind, the sea, Verg. ; so of the level
surface of a rock, Verg. ; 2, the Campus, or Camp-
us Martins at Rome, the place of meeting of the
comitia centuriata ; hence metou., the comitia,
fors doinina campi, Cic. ; also used as a place of
exercise, Cic. ; meton., any free space, field, or
theatre of action ; quum sit campus, in quo ex-
sultare possit oratio, Cic
Camulodunum -i, n. a town of tlie Trino-
lantes in Britain, now Colchester.
camur -a -um (connected with k6.)i.tttiS),
lwokcd, curved, Verg.
Canace -es, f. (Kai'i<n), daughter of Aeolus.
Canae -arum, f. a coast town in Aeolis, now
Kanot-Koei.
canalis -is, m. (orig. adj. of canna, in the
shape of a reed), a waterpipe, channel, canal, Verg.,
Caes.
canarius -a -um (canis), relating to a dog,
canine, Plin. Adj. prop., Canaria (insula),
one of the Happy Islands in the Atlantic ; plur.
Canarlae, the Canaries.
cancelli -orum, m. (dim. of cancer), a lattice,
grating, or trellis-work. A. Lit., ton, the bar
of a tribunal, Cic. B. Transf., bounds, limits;
extra cancellos egredi, Cic.
cancer -cri, m. (connected with xapKiVos).
A. the crab, the sign of the zodiac in which the sun
is at the summer solstice, Ov. B. Meton., a, the
south, Ov. ; b, summer heat, Ov.
Candavla -ae, f. (Kaveaovia), a mountainous
district of Illyria.
candefacio -feci -factum (caudeo and facio),
to make of a shining white, Plaut.
f.andela -ae, f. (candeo), 1, a wax or tallow
81 can
candle, taper; candelam apponere valvis, to set
the house on fire, Juv. ; 2, a rope coated with wax
to preserve it from decay; fasces involuti candelis,
candelabrum -i, n. (candela), a candle-
stick, candelabrum, Cic.
candeo -fli, 2. (from caneo as ardeo from
areo). A. to be of a shining white, to shine, glitter;
candet ebur soliis, Cat. B. Esp., to glow with
heat ; candente carbone, Cic.
candesoo, 3. (inch, of caudeo), 1, to begin
to shine, Ov. ; 2, to begin to glow with heat, Lucr.
candidatoriua -a -um, relating to a candi-
date ; munus, Cic.
candidatus -a -um (Candidas), cloihed in
white, Plant. Subst., candidatus -1, m. o
candidate for office, who, among the Romans, was
always clothed in white; cousulans, for the con-
sulship, Cic.
candide.adv. (candidus), l,in white, Plaut.;
2, clearly, candidly, ap. Cic.
candldiilus -a -um, (dim. of candidus),
shining, dazzling; dentes, Cic.
candldUS -a -um (candeo), shining white,
qlittering white (albus, dead white). I. Lit,.a,
lilia, Verg. ; tunicae linteae, Liv. ; tentona, Uv. ;
candidumaltanive Soracte, Hor. ; hence subst.,
candidum -i, »■ white colour, Ov. ; candidum
ovi, the white of the egg, Plin. ; b, of the hair of
beard, silver white, silver grey, barba, \erg.; c,
of the body, snow-white, corpora (Gallorum),
Liv. ; brachia candidiora nive, Ov. ; oj dazzling
beauty; puer, Hor.; of animals, avis, the stork,
Ver".; of deities, Bassareus, of heavenly beauty,
Hor. ; d, of the stars or the day, bright ; luna,
Ver" ; dies, Ov. ; e, of the white toga of candi-
dates, Cic. ; f, of a white stone, (a) candida sen-
ten tia, an acquittal, Ov.; (fi)asign ofaluckyday;
candidiore or candidissimo calculo notare diem,
Cat. II. Transf., a, of time, happy ; bora, Ov.;
b of writing, clear, lucid ; genus dicendi, Cic. ;
of character, honest, straightforward ; pau-
peris ingenium, Hor.
candor -oris m. (candeo), dazzling white
colour. I. Of raint, fucati medicamenta can-
doris et ruboris, Cic. II. As a quality, white-
ness, lustre. A. candor marmoreus, Lucr. ; 1,
of the body, candor huius et procentas, CIC. ;
2, of the sun or stars, solis, Cic. ; of the Milky
Way via candors notabilis ipso, Ov. B.
Tiaii'sf., of character, sincerity, candour; annul,
canens -entis, partic. of caneo and cano.
caneo -ui, 2. (from canus, as albeo from
albus) to be white or hoary ; tempoiibus geminis
canebat sparsa senectus, Verg. ; gramma caner.t,
of dew, Verg. ; partic. canens, hoary.
canephoros -i, f. (icai^opo?), a basket-bearer,
and plur. canephoroe (xani^opoi), statues by
Greek sculptors representing Athenian maidens
bearing sacrificial baskets.
canesco, 3. (inch, of caneo), to become white
or hoary. I. canescuntaequora, Ov. II.Transt.,
to become old, Ov. ; fig., quum oratio nostra jam
canesceret, Cic
canicula -ae, f. (dim. of canis). I. A. a little
dog, Plin. B. Appell., a violent woman, Plaut.
II. A. the dog-star, Sinus; canicula exontur,
Cic. ; sitiens, Hor. B. the worst throw upon the
dice, all aces, Pers.
caninus -a -ura (cauis). A. rcliiir.g to a
dog, canine; lac, Ov. B. Transf., 1, httera, the
letter R, Pers. ; 2, of character, snarling, spite-
ful; lutrare caniua verba in foro, Ov.
canis -is, c. a dog. I. Lit., venatlcus, Cic;
alere canes in Capitolio, Cio. ; cave canem, of-
can 82
yxm of the dog, inscription on a house-door,
Varr. ; prov., cane pejus et angue vitare, Hor.
II. Transf., a, as a term of reproach, a mali-
cious, spiteful }*r.<">i ; of accusers, Cic. ; a para-
Bite, hanger-on ; Clodianua cauis, Cic. ; b, as a
star, canis major, Verg. ; canis minor, Ov. ; c,
the sea-dog, Plin.; canes, the dogs qfScylla, Verg. ;
d, in dice, the worst throw; canes damnosi,
Prop.
canlstra -orum, n. (Kdvao-rpa.), a bread, fruit,
or fiov:er basket, Cic.
canities, ace. -ein, abl. -e, f. (canus). A. a
whitish-grey colour, esp. of the hair. B. Meton.,
grey hair, Verg. ; old age, Hor.
canna -ae, f. (ndwa). A. a reed ; palustris,
Ov. B. Metou., a reed-pipe, Ov. ; a small boat,
Juv.
cannabis -is, ace. -Jin, abl. -i, f., (KdwaPn).,
cannabus -i, m., cannabum -i, n. hemp,
Plin.
Cannae -arum, f. a small town in Apulia, near
the Aulidus, scene of a defeat of the Romans by
Hannibal 2lti a.c. Adj., Cannensis -e, of or
belonging to Cannae, prov., pugua, any disastrous
slaughter (e.g., Vie proscription of Sulla), Cic.
cano, cecini, cantuin, 3. tosing. I. Intransit.
A. 1, of men, voce, Cic; ad tibiciuein, Cic;
in oratory of a sing-song delivery, inelinata
ululantique voce more Asiatico :anere, Cic. ;
2, of animals, of the cock, to crow, Cic. ; of
frogs, to croak, Plin. B. to play ; 1, of men,
lidibus, Cic. ; canere receptui, to sound the signal
for retreat, Liv. ; 2, of instruments, tubae cornu-
aque cecmernnt, Liv. ; classicum canit, Liv.
II. Transit., A. tosing with the voice; 1, carmen,
Cic; 2, a, to sing of, to celebmte in song; ad
tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes,
Cic; b, of animals, to give wwiti, , b i a cry ;
anser Gallos adesse cancbat. B. to play on a
musical instrument ; signum canere, Liv.; prov.,
hoc carmen hie tribunus plebis non vobis, sea
sibi intus canit, thinks only of his own advantage,
Cic. C of gods, oracles, seers, '" prophesy; ut
haee quae Hunt canere dii immortales viderentur,
Cic; with aec and intin., to mihi mater, veridica
interpret deum, auctnruui caeleatium nuincruni
cecinit, Liv.; <>f fame, to announce ; fama facta
atquo infect-a canens, Verg.
Canopns -i, m. (K«r<.>po?), a city in Lower
Egypt, hence nietoil., Lower Kgyipt, Verg., and
Egypt generally, Juv. Adj., C&nopcus -a -um,
of or belonging to Canopns ; Canopitac -arum,
m. inhabitants of Canopns, Cic.
canor -Oris, in. (cano), melody, song, sound;
Martius aeris rauei, Verg.
canortlS-a -um (canor), melodious, hannoni-
ous, sweet-sounding. L Xcut., profluensqniddam
habuit Curbo et eanoruni, Cic. ; so of a fault iu
delivery, of a sing-song pronunciation ; vox nee
hnguens uec canora, Cic. Siibsi, canorum
-i, n. harmonious sound, Cic. II. Act., of men,
orator, Cic; of animals, ales, the swan, Hor.;
gallus, Cic. ; of instruments, acs, the trumpet,
Verg.
Cant&bri -orum, m. (Kavrdfipoi), a people in
the north of Spain, not subdued till the reign of
Augustus. Sing, Cantaber -bri, m. Cantab-
rian; hence, CantSbria -ae, f. (Kavrafipia),
the country of the Cnntabri; adj., Cantabricus
-l -um, Cantabrian.
cantamen-inis.n. (canto), incantation, Prop.
' cantator -oris, tu. " stnger, Mart.
. canterinus (cantherinus) -a -um (cantenus),
relating to a horse, equine, Plaut.
canterius (canthfrius) -i, m. (perhaps nav-
frjAioj), a beast of burden, a gelding, nag, C15.;
cap
cantherms in fossa, a person in a helpless condi*
tion, Liv. ; meton., an impotent person, Plant.
cantharis -idis, f. ((co-opt?), a beetle, the
Spanish fly, Cic.
CanthaniS -i, m. (Karflapos), 1, a large gullet
with handles, a tankard, Plaut. ; 2, a kind oj
sea-Jish, Ov.
ennthus -i, in. («at-0o?), the tire of a wheel ;
meton., a wheel, Pers.
canticum -i, n. (cano), 1, a scene in the
Roman comedy, enacted by one person and ac-
companied by music and dancing, Cic; canti-
cuni ageie, Liv. ; 2, a. song, Mart. ; a sijig-song
delivery in an orator, Cic.
cantilena -ae, f. an old song, twaddle, chatter;
ut crebro mihi insusurret cantilenam suam, Cic.
cantio -onis, f. (cano), 1, a song, Plaut. ; 2 V
an incantation, enchantment ; veneiicia et can-
tiones, Cic.
cantito, 1. (freq. of canto), to sing repeat-
edly ; earmina in epulis, Cic.
Cantium -ii, n. (Kivnov), a district on ti.e
south-east coast of Britain, now Kent.
cantiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of cantio), a flat-
tering, enticing song ; si eaiitiunculis tantus vir
irretitus teneretur, Cic.
canto -avi -fitum -are (intens. of cano), to
sing or play. I. Intransit. A. Of the Voice, to
sing.; 1, of nan, ad manum histrioni, to sing
and play to the dumb-shov> of an actor, Cic. ; 2,
of birds, cantantes aves, Prop. ; of the cock, to
crovj, Cic. B. to play on an instrument ; avenis,
Ov. ; of the instrument itself, bueina cant.it, Ov.
C. to sing an incantation, Verg. II. Transit.,
A. to sing or play ; 1, with cognate object, car-
mina, Hor. ; doctuni Catullum, the songs of
Catullus, Hor.; 2, to celebrate in singing; con-
vivia, Hor. ; cantari dignus, worthy to be cele-
brated i» song, Verg.; so tu praise ; nam >tt scis,
jaiupridem istuin canto Caesareni, Cic. ; 3, to..
r/.itc; clegos, Juv. B. to announce, tell; vera
eantas, Plant. C. to sing an incantation ; car-
men, Ov. ; hence, to bewitch; cantatae herbae,.
Ov.
cantor -oris, in. (cano), 1, a singer, poet;
cantor Apollo, player on the harp, Hor.; con-
temptuously, cantor formularnni, Cic. ; cantorcs
Buphorionis, eulogists, Cic; 2, an actor, esp.
the actor who cried plauditcai the end of the piece,
Hor.
cantrix -Tcis, f. (cantor), a female singer,
Plaut.
cantus -us, m. (cano). I. song, melody, poetry,
Lucr. II. Concrete, a song, a melody. A. Gen.,
a, of persons, Sirenum, tic ; b, of animals,
avium, Cic. ; c, of an instrument, playing,
music; buciuaruin, Cic. B. Esp., a, prophecy;
veridici cantus, Cat.; b, incantation, Ov.
CanulejUS -i, m. name of a Roman plebeian
gens, to which belonged C. Canulejus, tribune of
the people 445 B.C., author of the law permitting
man iages between plebeians and patricians.
canus -a -um. I. Lit., whitish-grey, grey;
ductus, Lucr. ; lupus, Verg. ; esp. of hair, ia-
pilli, Hor. Subst., canl -orum (sc. capilli),
grey hair, Cic. II. Meton., old, aged ; senectus,
Cat,
Caniisium -ii, n. a town of Apulia (now
). Adj., Canusmus -a -um, Canusian?
lana, Canusian wool, which was very celebrated,
Plin. ; hence, Canusina -ae, f. (sc. vestis);_a
garment of Caniisian woo!. Hart. ; CanuSl-*
natus -a.-um, clothed in such a garment, Suet.
capacitas -atis, f. (capax), breadth, roomi-
ness. Cjc, - . . ,-\
Cap
Capaneus -ei, ace. -ea, voc. -eu, m. (Kan-a-
veus), one of the seven princes who besieged Thebes,
killed by Jupiter with a thunderbolt.
capax -ads (capio), able to hold. I. Lit.,
able to hold much, broad, wide, roomy; urbs, Ov.;
with genit., ciraus capax populi, Ov. ; cibi vim-
que capacissimus, Li v. II. Transf., able to grasp,
apt, capable, Jit for; aures avidae et capaces,
Cic. ; with genit., capax imperii, Tac. ; with ad
and the ace, animus ad praecepta capax, Ov.
capedo -inis, f. (capis), a bowl used in sacri-
fices, Cic.
capeduncula -ae, f. (dim. of capedo), a
small bowl, Cic.
oapella -ae, f. (dim. of capra), 1, a she-goat,
Cic; 2, a constellation so called, Ov.
Capena -ae, f. atownin_Etruria, at the foot of
Mount Soracte. Adj., Capenas -atis, Capen-
US -a -urn, of or belonging to Capena; porta
Capena, a gate in Home at the commencement of
the via Appia.
caper -ri, m. A. Lit., a he-goat, Verg. B.
Meton., the smell under the arm-pits, Ov.
caper o, 1. (caper), to be wrinkled, Plaut.
capesso -ivi and -ii -itum, 3. (desider. of
capiu), to seize, lay hold of eagerly. I. A. Lit.,
anna, Verg. ; cibum oris hiatu et dentibus (of
animals), Cic. B. Transf., to take to, to gain ;
a, fugain, Liv. ; libertatem, Cic. ; b, to take in
hand, busy oneself with; rempublicam, to enter
public life, Cic. ; so magistratus, imperium,
honores, provincias, Tac. ; bellum, Liv. II. to
strive to reach, to hasten, to make for ; oiiines
luundi partes medium locum capessentes, Cic. ;
animus superiora capessat necesse est, aims after,
Cic. ; Melitam, Cic. ; Italiam, Verg. ; reflex., se
in altum, Plaut. (perf. intin., capessisse, Liv.).
Caphareus and Caphereus, or Cape-
reus -ei and -eos, ace. -ea, voc. -eu, in. (o Katfirj-
pei's), a dangerous promontory on the south coast
ofEuboea, wh€re the Greek fleet on returning from
Troy was shipwrecked. 'Adj., Caphareus -a
-urn, of or belonging to Caphareus.
capillatus -a -uni (capillus), hairy, having
hair; adolcscens bene capillatus, Cic; vinura
capillato diflusum consulc, made when long hair
ivas worn (i.e., very old), Juv.
capillus -i, m. (dim. form from root CAP,
whence caput, and Ke<J>aA.7J, prop, adj. sc. crinis).
A. the hair of the head or of the beard (crinis,
any Mir); compositus, Cic; plur., eompti
capilli, Cic. B. Transf., the hair of animals,
Cat.
capio, cepi, captuui, 3. (obs. fut. capso,
Plaut.), I. to take, to seize. A. Lit., a, with
the hand, anna, Cic ; b, to take possession of,
esp. as unlit, t.t., collem, Caes. ; to arrive at,
esp. of ships, portum, Caes. ; to select a place ;
locum oculis, Verg. ; locum castris, Liv. ; so
of auguries, templa ad inaugurandum, Liv.
B. Transf., a, of acts, to take in hand, to be-
gin; fugam, Caes. ; consulatum, Cic; b, of an
opportunity, satis scite et commode tenipus
ad aliquem adeundi, Cic ; c, to take as an ex-
ample or proof, doeumentum ex aliquo, Cic;
d, of a quality, to take, adopt; avi prudentiam,
Cic; e, to take as a companion, aliquem con-
siliis socium, Verg. ; to select out of a number,
in singulos annos sacerdotem Jovis sortito, Cic;
aliquem flaminein, as aflamen, Liv. C. to take
possession of by force, in a hostile manner ; 1, lit.,
a, lubido reipublicae capiundae, Sail. ; b, in
wnr, (a)to take booty, etc. ; agros dehostibus, Cic ;
(3) to take a town, etc. ; urbem, castra hostluin,
Cic; (y) to take prisoner; belli nefarios duces, Cic;
partic as sub'st., captus -i, in. (= captivus)
83 cap
a captive, Nep. ; c, to take animals ; pisces, Cic. ;
2, transf., a, to seize, take possession of; ad-
miratio, nietus capit aliquem,- Liv. ; nos post
leges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat, Cic ;
b, esp., to attack, to injure; pass, capi, to be
injured or diseased; oculis et auribus captus,
blind and deaf, Cic. ; captus, inentc, distracted,
Cic. ; c, to deceive ; adolescehtiuiu aniinos dolis,
Sail. ; adversariuin, Cic. ; capere aliquem sua
humanitate, Nep. II. to take, receive. A.,
Lit., a, with the hand, per aliquem aut hon-
ores ant divitias, Cic ; pecuniain, to take money
by force or bribery; pervim atque iujuriam, Cic;
legal t.t., to take as lieir, ex hereditate nihil,
Cic. ; of tribute, pay, etc, stipendium jure belli,
Caes.; b, to receive into one's body; cibuni,
Sail. B. Transf., to receive, suffer, u ndergo ; som-
num capere non posse, Cic. ; aliquid detrinienti
(esp. in the formula, videant consules lie quid
respublica detrinienti capiat), Cic; laetitiam,
Cic. III. to contain. A. Lit., una domo capi
non possunt, Cic B. Transf., to allow of, to
comprehend; nullam esse gratiam tantain quani
non capere animus meus posset, Cic.
capis -idis, f. (capio), a one-handled vessel,
used in sacrifices, Liv.
capistro, 1. (capistruni), to fasten with a
halter, Cic.
capistrum -i, n. a halter, Verg.
capital -alis, n. (capitalis), sc. facinus, a
capital crime, Cic.
capitalis -e (caput), 1, relating to the head,
relating to life, that which imperils a man's life,
or caput (i.e., social p> ositio "' aml c ' ulJ ri 3hts in
Rome) ; esp. used of capital crimes, res, Cic. ;
iuimicus, a deadly enemy, Cic; odium, mortal
hatred, Cic; oratio, dangerous, Cic; 2, _ first,
chief, distinguished; Siculus ille capitalis,
crcber, acutus, Cic ; ingeniuni, Ov.
capito -onis, in. (caput), a man with a large
head, Cic. • .. .
Capitolium -ii, n. (caput), the. temple of
Jupiter built upon the Tarpeian rock at Borne, the
Capitol; used often of the whole hill or nions
Capitolinus. Adj., Capitolinus -a -urn, Capi-
toline; ludi, in honour of Jupiter Capitolinus,
Liv. ; hence subst., CSpitolini -orum, m. the
superintendents of these games, Cic.
capitulatim, adv. (capitulum), briefly,
summarily, Nep.
capitulum -i, n. (dim. of caput), a little
head, Plant.
Cappadoces -urn, in. (KairndSoKc;), the in-
habitants of Cappadocia; siug.^ Cappadox
-5cis, ra. a Cappadocian; Cappadocia -ae, f.
a district of Asia Minor, the most eastern Asiatic
province of the Romans. Adj., Cappadocius
and Cappadocus -a -um, Cappadocian.
capra -ae, f. (caper). I. a she-goat. A. Lit,
Cic. ; ferae, perhaps chamois, Verg. B. Meton.,
the odour under the armpits, Hor. II. Transf.,
A. a constellation, [Cic B. Caprae palus, the
place in Rome where Romulus disappeared, Liv.
caprea -ae, f. (capra), a roe, roebuck, Verg. ;
prov., prius jungentur capreae lupis quani, etc
(of an impossibility), Hor. >
Capreae -arum, fV (Kawpeai), small island on
the Campanian coast off Puteoli, to which Tiberius
retired at the end of his life, now Capri.
capreolus -i, m. (caper). . I.' a .roebuck,
Verg. II. Meton., plur. , propi, supports, Caes.
capricornus -i, ra. a sign of the Zodiac,
Capricorn; Hor.
caprifious -i, m. th* wild ' fig-tree ^ <*nrf ii$
fruity Pers. ' '-"
cap 84
c&prf gSnus -a -ura (caper and gigno), born
of goats, Verg.
c&prlmulgus -i, m. (capra and nmlgeo), a
goat-milker— i.e., a countryman, Cat.
C&prinus -a -um (caper), relating to a goat;
pellis, Cic. ; prov., de lana caprina rixari, to con-
tend about trifles, Hor.
caprlpss -pSdis (caper and pes), goal-footed ;
satyn, Hor.
1. capsa -ae, f. (capio), a box or case for
books, Cic.
'2. Capsa -ae, f. (Ka\l/a), a town in Byzacium,
now Kafsa (south of Tunis); hence, Capscnses
-ium, in. the inhabitants of Capsa.
capsarius -i, in. (capsa), a slarr. u-ho carried
to school his young master's satchel, Suet.
capsula -ac, f. (dim. of capsa), a little chest,
C:it.
captatlo -onis, f. (capto), an eager seizing, a
catching; verbormn, quibbling, logomachy, Cic.
captator -oris, in, (capto), one, who eagerly
seizes; aurae popularis, eager after favour of the
people, Liv. ; absol. a legacy-hunter, Hor., Juv.
captlo -onis, f. (capio;, a, a cheat, deception;
in parvula re captionis aliquid vereri, Cic. ;
ineton., harm, loss; mea captio est, si, etc., Cic;
b, a fallacy, sophism; quanta esset in verbis cap-
tio, si, etc., Cic. ; captiones diseutere, explicare,
repellere, Cic.
captiose, adv. (captiosus), insidiously ; in-
terrogure, Cic.
captlosus -a -um (captio), 1, deceitful; socie-
tatein captiosam et indignam, Cic. ; 2, sophis-
tical, captious, insidious; captiosissimo generc
interrogationis uti, Cic. Subst., captlosa
-drum, u. sophistries, Cic.
captiunoiila -ae, f. (dim. of captio), fallacy,
quibble; omnes captfunculas pertiinescere, Cic.
captivitas -5tis, f. (captivus), captivity,
Tac ; urbium, conquest, Tac.
captivus -a -um (captus, capio), taken, cap-
tured. I. taken, in war, captive; a, of persous,
cives Romani, Cic. ; gen. subst., captivus -i,
ru. ; captiva -ae, f. a captive, Cic; poet., relit-
ing to a prisoner; sanguis, Verg. ; crines, Ov. ;
b, used of inanimate things, conquered, obtained
as a prey; naves, Caes. ; agri, Tac. II. Gen.,
captured, taken; pisces, Ov.
capto, 1. (intens. of capio), to seize, catch at,
lay hold of, hunt. I. Lit., feras, Verg. II.
Transf. A. Gen. to strive after, desire, seek ; ser-
monem alicuius, Plant. ; plausus, risus, Cic.
B. Esp. to seek to ivin, entice, allure craftily ;
insidiis hostem, Liv. ; testumenta, to hunt for
legacies, Hor.
captus -us, m. (capio) 1 a catching, taking ;
nieton., that which is taken, I'lin.; 2, primer of com-
prehension, manner of comprehension, idea; utest
captus hoininuni, Cic. ; Gerinanorum, Caes.
Capua -ae, f. (Kanvjj), chief town of Cam-
pania. Adj., Capuanus -a -um.
c&pulus -i, m. (capio). I. a coffin; ire ad
capulum, to go to the grave, Lucr. II. a handle.
A. Gen., aratri, Ov. B. Esp. the hilt of a sword,
Cic
caput -itis, n. (root CAP, connected with
re^aAtj), the head. L Lit. and Meton. A. Of
living things, 1 of men, a, lit., the head;
capite operto, obvoluto, involute, Cic ; caput
alicui auferre, abscidere, praecidere, percutere,
Liv. ; capita conferre, to put their heads together
(of secret conversation), Liv. ; per caputqne
pedesque ire praecipitem in lutum, to go over
head and heels, Cat. ; nee caput nee pedes
(habere), prov., of a businew which one does not
Car
know how to begin with, Cic. ; supra caput esse,
of enemies, to threaten, Cic; caput extollere, to
raise one's head again, Cic; b, meton., a person;
caput liberum, Cic. ; carum caput, Verg. and
Hor. ; in counting numbers, capitum Helveti-
orum inilia cclxiii., Caes.; cxactio capitum,
poll-ta.r, Cic. ; of curses, quod illorum capiti sit,
may it fall on their heads, ap. Cic, ; c, life; ex-
istence ; conjuratio in tyranni caput facta, Liv. ;
esp. iu Rome, a man's political and social
rights; judicium capitis, a sentence involving
loss of caput — i.e., not necessarily of life, but of
citizenship, e.g., exile; so capitis damnarc, Cic ;
capite damnari, Cic. ; capitis minor, a person
viho has suffered a loss of caput, Hor ; so capite
deminui or miirui, to lose caput, to suffer a
loss of status, to suffer a loss of political or social
rights, Cic. ; 2, of animals, jumeuti, Nep. ;
bclua inultorum es capitum, Hor.; melon.,
a head of cattle; bina bouni capita, Verg.
B. Of tilings without life, the top, summit,
outside; papaveris, Liv. ; areas capita, theeiuls,
Verg. ; capita aspera mentis, Verg. ; of rivers,
the source ; annus. Verg. ; Rheni, Caes. ; fig.,
the source; quo iuvento ab eo quasi capite
disputatio ducitur, Cic. ; in ea est ions miseri-
arum et caput, Cic. II. Transf., 1, of persons,
the head, chief; omnium Graecorum concitand-
orum, Cic. ; 2, a, of things without life, the chief,
principal; cenae, the main dish, Cic; civilis
prudentiae, leading principle, Cic. ; b, in laws
and writings, the most imjwrtant part ; legis,
Cic. ; c, of money, capital, de capite ipso dem-
cre, Cic. ; d, of places, the capital ; Roma caput
orbis terrarum, Liv.
Capya -vis, ace yn, abl. -ye or-y, m. (Kdrus),
1, soil of Assaracus, father of Anchises ; 2, king
of Alba; 3, a companion of Aeneas; 4, a king
of Capua.
■■ Caralis -is, f. (KapoA^), and plur., Cara-
les -ium, f. a town and promontory of the sume
name in Sardinia, now Cagliari; hence Cara-
litanus -a -um, of or belonging to Caralis.
carb&sSus -a -um (carbasus), made of can-
vas; vela, Cic.
carbasus -i, m. (Knpnaao<;), plur. heterocl.
gen., carbasa -orum, fine Spanish fax; gen.
nieton., a Hides produced from it, a linen garment,
a sail, Verg.
carb&tinus (carpatinus), -a -um (Kapf3a.ri-
vos), of untanned leather; crepidae, rustic shoes,
Cat.
carbo -onis, m. I. coal, charcoal; candens,
Cic. ; fig., carbone notare, to mark witli black,
i.e., think ill of any one, Hor. ; prov. carboneiu
pro thesauro invenire, to find something of little
value, Phaedr. II. cognomen of the Papirii.
carbonarlus -ii, in. (carbo), a charcoal
burner, Plant.
car'ounculus -i, m. (dim. of carbo). L Lit.
n little coal, Plaut. II. Transf. A. a kind of
stone, Plin. B. a carbuncle, Plin.
career -6ris, m. (connected with arceo and
Gr. UpKOs), 1, a prison, jail, cell; in earcerem
ducere, condere, conjicere, contrudere, inclu-
dere, Cic. ; emitti e earcere, Cic. ; fig., qui e cor--
porum vinculis tamquam e earcere evolaverunt,
Cic; meton., tlie prisoners confined in a jail ; in
me earcerem effudistis, you haveempiiedtheprison,
on inc, Cic. ; 2, gen. used in plur. carceres, the
starting-p'nee of a racecourse (opp. meta, calx);
e carceribu6 emitti cum aliquo, Cic; ad car-
ceres a calce revocari, to begin, life anew, Cic.
carcerarius -a -um (career), belonging to a
prison, Plaut.
Carched6nlus -a -um (Kap\riS6vi.os), Car-
thaginian, Plaut.
car
85
car
carchesium -li, n. (Kapxr/aiov), a goblet with
handles, contracted in the middle, Verg.
cardacas -urn, m. (Persian carda, brave,
warlike), a Persian troop, Nep.
cardiacus -a -nm (xapSiaKo?), ■pertaining to
the stomach ; of persons, suffering from a disease
of the stomach; amicus, Juv. Subst., cardi-
acus -i, ill. one who so suffers, Cic.
oardo -Tnis, in. (connected with Gr. KpaSim,
Kpa.Sa.ivu>, to swing), I. Lit. A. the hinge of a
door; cardincm versare, to open a door, Ov. B.
the point round which anything turns, a pole of the
heavens; cardo duplex, the ends of the earth'saxis,
Cic; poet., a point through which a line is drawn
from north to south, Liv. ; quatuor cardines
mundi, the four cardinal points, Quint. II.
Transf. a chief circumstance, or consideration
upon which many others depend ; baud tanto
cessabit cardine rerum, Verg.
carduus -i, in. a thistle, Verg.
care, adv. (carus), dearly, at a high price ;
aestimarc, ap. Cic.
carectum -i, n. (for caricetum, from carex),
a sedgy spot, Verg.
careo -lii -Iturus, 2. to be without, destitute
of, to want; gov. the abl. I. Gen. A. of per-
sons, dolore, febri, Cic. B. of tilings, lege carens
civitas, lawless, Cic. II. Esp. A. to make no
use of; temeto, Cic; hence, of a place, to absent
oneself from ; foro, senatu, publico, Cic; patria,to
leave Rome, Tac. B. to be deprived of, to miss ; con-
BUetudine ainicormn, Cic; libortate, Hor. ; absol.,
quamquam non caret is qui non desiderat, Cic.
Cares -urn, in. (Kape?), inhabitants of Caria ;
sing., Car, Caris. Hence, Caria -ae, f. (Kapi'o),
the most southerly district of Asia Minor. Cari-
ous -a -urn, Carian. Subst., Cariea -ae, f.
(sc. ficus), a kind of dried fig, Cic.
carex -icis, f. sedge, Verg.
caries, ncc. -em, abl. -e (other cases not
found), f. rottenness, decay, Ov.
carina -ae, f. I. the keel of a ship. A. Lit.,
carinae aliquanto planiores quam nostrarum
navium, Caes. B. Meton., a ship, vessel, Verg.
II. Transf. plur., Carinae -arum, f. a spot in
Home on the Esquiline where Pompey's house stood.
cariosus -a -nm (caries), rotten, decayed,
carious; dentes, Plin. ; transf., senectus, Ov.
carls -Wis, f. (*apt's), a kind of crab, Ov.
caristia = charistia (q.v.).
caritas -atis, f. (cams), dearness, high price.
I. Lit., numniorum, scarcity of 'money, Cic; absol.
(sc. annonae), high price of the necessaries of life;
annus in summa caritate est, it is a very dear
year, Cic II. Transf. affection, love, esteem; in
caritate et honore esse, Liv. ; compleeti aliquem
amicitia et caritate, Cic; benevolentia devincire
homines et caritate, Cic. ; civium, esteem of the.
citizens, Cic. ; in pastures, Cic. ; inter natos et
parentes, Cic. ; liberorum, for one's children, Cic. ;
in plur., omnes omnium caritates patria una
complexa est, Cic.
carmen -litis, n. (from cano and suffix -men,
orig. canmen, then casmen, then carmen), o
song, tune, either vocal or instrumental. I. Gen.
carmina vocum, Ov. ; the sonq of the swan, Ov. ;
the screech of the owl, Verg. li. Esp. A. poetry,
a poem of any kind; a, fundere, condere, con-
texere, Cic. ; componere, fingere, scribere, Hor. ;
faeere, Verg. ; b, lyric i>oetry, Hor. ; amabile,
erotic poetry, Hor.; c, a part of a poem, Lucr. ;
a passage in a poem; illud mollissimuin carmen,
Cic. ; d, a prediction, oracular declaration, Liv.
B. incantation, Verg. C. a religious or legal for-
mula, in ancient times composed in verse ; cru-
ciatus, Cic. ; lex horrendi carminis, Liy.
Carmentis -is, f., and Carmenta -ae, f.
(carmen = oracle), a prophetess, the mother of
Evander, who camewithhim to iMtium, prophesied
on. the Capitoline hill, and was afterwards rever-
enced as a deity. Adj., Carmentalls -e, of or
belonging to Carmentis; porta, a gate of flume
near the temple of Carmentis, the right arch of
which was called the porta scelerata, because the
Fabiiwent through it on their journey to Cremera,
where they were destroyed; plur., Carmoata-
lia -ium, li. the festival of Carmentis.
Carmo -Gnis, f. toxon in Hispania Baetica,
now Carmone, in Andalusia.
Carna -ae, f. (caro), the tutelary goddess of the
nobler parts of the body, the heart, etc., confused
by Ovid with Cardea, the goddess of hinges.
carnarium -li, n. (caro), the larder, pantry,
Plaut.; a frame provided with hooks to which
provisions were hung, Plaut.
Carneades -is, m. (KapveaSij?), philosopher
of Cyrene, founder of the third Academic school,
opponent ofZeno.
carnifex -ficis, m. (2. caro 'and facio), the
public executioner, hangman, Cic. ; used also as
a term of reproach, tormentor, carnifex civium
sociorumque, Cic.
carnificina -ae, f. (carnifex), 1, the hang-
man's office, Plant.; 2, place of torture, Liv.;
transf. , torture, Cic
carniflCO, 1. (carnifex), to slay, behead, Liv.
Camutes -uin, in. people in the middle oj
Gaul, whose chief town was Genabum, the modern
Orleans, Caes.
1. caro, 3. to card wool, Plaut.
2. caro, carnis, f. flesh. 1. Lit. A. lacte et
came vivere, Cic. ; plur., carnes vipereae, Ov.
B. Meton. .used contemptuously of a man, ista
peeus et caro putida, Cic. II. Transf. the
pulpy parts of fruit, Plin. (old nom. carnis,
Liv.).
CarpathUS (-OS)-i, f. (Kapn-aSos), an island
in the Aegaean sea, now Scarpanto. Adj.,Car-
pathlUS -a -nm; vates, senex, Proteus, Ov.
carpentum -i, n. 1, a two-wheeled carriage,
a coach; carpento in foruin invehi, Liv.; 2, a
baggage waggon; carpenta Gallica multa praeda
onerata, Liv.
Carpetani -orum, m. the Carpetani, a Span- ■
ish tribe in modem Castile and Estremadura,
with chief toxen Toletum (now Toledo).
carpo -psi -ptuin, 3. (connected with <cap£ui,
apirofu), I. to pluck, pluck off. A. Lit. 1, with
tnehand, floresex arbore, Ov. ; uvamde palmite,
Verg. ; pensum, tospin, Hor. ; 2, with the mouth,
a, to take something as food ; granien, to gntze, of
a horse, Verg. ; thyma, of bees, to suck, Hor. ; b,
to tear, pxdl to pieces; cibum, Ov. B. Ti-ansf.,
1, to pluck off; a, to select, choose out; flosculos,
Cic. ; paucos ad ignominiam, Cic. ; b, poet., (a)
to enjoy ; diem, Hor. ; auras vitales, Verg. ; (/3)
of places, to pass over, luisten over ; prata fuga,
Verg. ; mare, Ov. ; 2, a, to carp at, slander, calum-
niate; aliquem maledico dente, Cic. ; b, nillii.
t.t., to annoy, harass ; equitatu agmen adver-
sariorum, Caes.; c, to weaken; vires paulatini,
Verg. II. A. Lit. to rend; jecur, Ov. B.
Transf. to separate, divide ; in multas parvasque
partes exercituni, Liv.
carptim, adv. (carptus, carpo), 1, in pieces,
in single portions, in small )>arts. Sail. ; 2, In
different places; aggredi, Liv.; 8, at different
times; dimiss' carptim et singuli, Tac.
carptor -oris, m. (carpo), one who carves
food, Juv.
oarruca -ae, f. a kind of four-wheeled car-
riage, Suet.
ou
uati
oatTUS -i, m. (carrum -i, n.), akindof four-
wheeled htggage-waggon, Caes.
Carseoli (CarsIiMi) -omm, in. (Kapu^okoi) a
town in Latinm, now Anoli; hence, Carse-
dlanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Carseoli,
Carteja -ac, f., 1, a town in Hispania Bae-
tica ; hence, ailj., Cartejanus -a -uni ; 2,
town of the Olcades in Hispania Tarraconensis.
Carthaea -ae, f. (Kapdaia), town on the south
coast of the island Cm; hence adj., Carthacus
•a -um, ami Cartheus -a -um, of or belonging
to Carthaea.
Carthago -11113, f., 1, the city of Carthage in
N. Africa; 2, Carthago (Nova), colony of the
Carthaginians in Hispania Tarraconensis, now
Carthagena. Adj., Carthaginiensis -e, Car-
thaginian,
carvmcula -ae, f. (dim. of cam), a small
piece of flesh, Cic.
cams -a -um, 1, high-priced, dear; aimoua
carior, annona carissima, Cic. ; 2 f dear, beloved,
esteemed; patria, quae est milii vita mea inulto
candr, Cic; carum habere, to love, esteem, Cic.
Caryae -arum, f. (Kapi'cu), town in Laconia,
with a temple to Artemis (Diana); hence, Car-
yatides, ace. -Idas, f. the Laconian maidens
who served in the temple of Artemis; hence, in
architecture, the figures of women in the. place of
pillars, Vitr.
Caryatos -i, f. (Kopvo-nK), 1, town on the
soidh coast of Euboea, famous for its marble ;
hence adj., Carysteus -a -um, and Carystius
-a -um, of or belonging to Carystos; 2, town of
the Ligurians.
casa -ae, f. (root CAS, whence castrum),
a hut, cottage, cabin, Cic. ; barrack, Caes.
oasoolus -i, in. (dim. of caSEua), a little
cheese, Verg.
cascus -i, in. (casenm -i, n., Plant),
a cheese ; caseum premerc, to make cheese, Verg;;
collect., villa abundat caseo, Cic,
casia -ae, f. (/(071a), 1, " tree with an. aw
matte bark, like cinnamon, Verg. ; 2, the sweet'
smelling mezercon, Verg.
CiiOinum, -i, n. a town in Campania an the
rnlhmivs; hence, Casilinatcs -nm, and
Cnsillnenses -Iuin, in. inhabitants of Cktsi-
linum.
Casinum -i, n. a town in Latinm. Adj.,
Casinns -atis, of or belonging to Casinum.
Caspium mare or pelagus, and Cas-
piUS OCeanUS (to Kdo-7uoi' 7re'Aayos), the Cas-
pian Sea. Adj., Casplus -a -um, Caspian.
Cassandra -ae, f. (Kao-o-aiopa), daughter of
Priam, on whom the gift of prophecy was conferred
by Apollo, with the reservation that no one should
believe her.
Cassandrea and ia, ae, f. (Kao-o-aiopaa),
the town of l'olidaea in Chuhidice, destroyed by
Philip, re-built and re-named by Cassander;
hence, a, Cassandrensca -Iran, m. the in-
habitants of Cassandrea ; b, Cassandrcus
-Si, m. (Kacr^av&pevi) = Apollodorus, tyrant of
Cassandrea, Ov.
cassc, adv. (cassus), in vain, without result,
Liv.
cassida -ae, f. a helmet, Verg.
1. Ccsslope-es, f.(Ka.<r<Ti6nti),v>ifcofCepheus,
mother of Andromeda, changed into a star.
2. CaSLiope -es, f. (Kao-o-idwr)), town in,
Corcyro.
1. cassis -idis, f. A. a metal hcL, et, Caes.
B. Heton., war, Juv.
2. cassis -is, yan. plur. casscs -ium, m. «
net. I. A. a hunter's net; casses nonere, Ov,
B. Transf., a trap, a snare, Ov. II. a spider's
web, Verg.
cassiterum -i, n. (Kao-o-iVepos), tin; hence
Cassiterides -um, f. (Kao-o-iTepi'Sc?), the tin
islands, the Stilly Isles, Plin.
Cassius -a -um, name of a Roman- gens, ori- .
ginally patrician, ctftcrwards plebeian. The most
notable members were ; 1, L. Cassius Longinus
Ravilla, celebrated as an upright judge, author of
the lex tabellaria Cassia, that jurymen should
vote by ballot; hence Cassianus -a -urn :
Cassian, ; judex, an upright judge, Cic. ; 2, the ■
consul L. Cassius, conquered and killed by the
Hchxtii, 107 a.c. i 3, C. Cassius Longinus', one
of (hemurderers of Caesar ; 4, Cassius Parmensis,
a poet, another of Caesar's murderers; 5, *'.
Cassius Longinus, a celebrated lawyer tinder •
Tiberius.
cassus -a -um (perhaps from careo). I.
Lit., empty, hollow; mix, Plant.; poet., with
abl. or genit., deprived of; lumine cassus or
aethere cassus, dead, Verg. II. Transf. worth-
less,nscless, vain; cassuin quiddam et inani vocis
sono decoratum, Cic; in cassum, in vain, Liv.
Castalla -ae, f. (Kao-raAi'a), ft spring on
Mount Parnassus, sacred to Apollo anil the Muses.
Adj., CastSlIus -a -um, and Castalis -idis,
f. Castalian; sorores, the Muses, Mart.
castanea -ae, f., l, the chestnut-tree, Col. j
2, the chestnut ; castaneae nuces, Verg.
caste, adv. (castus). I. purely, spotlessly;
caste et integre vivere, Cic. II. a, innocently,
chastely, Cic. ; b, piously, religiously ; caste rid
deos adire, Cic
castcllanus -a -um (castellnm), relating to
a fortress; Iriiiinphi, on the capture of fortresses
Cic. Suust., castellan! -ornm, m. the garri-
son of a fortress, i^all.
castcllatim, adv. (castellnm), in single fort- 1
rcsscs ; dissipati, l.iv.
castellum -i, n. (dim. of castrum). I. A,
a castle, fortress, fort, Gift B. Transf. protection \
refuge; omnium scelerum, Liv. II, a dwelling .
on a height, Verg.
casteria -ae, f. a portion, of a ship, used as. ,\
resting-place for rowers, Plant.
castigabllis -e (castigo), worthy of punish-
ment, Plant.
castlgatio -onis, f. (oastigo), punishment,
chastisement, reproof; aflicere aliqueni castiga, '
tionibus, Cic; verborum, Liv.
castlgator -oris, m. (castigo), one who re.
proves or punishes, Liv.
CastigatoriUS -a -um (castigo), correcting, '
Plin.
castigatus -a -um (partic. ofcastigo),c7(cW.v<7,
restrained, hence small, neat, as a term of praise;
pectus, Ov.
castigo (castum-.igo, as purgo = puruni ago),
1. to reprove, chasten, punish. I. Lit., pueroo
verbis, verberibus, Cic II. Transf., a, to cor-
rect, amend; carmen, Hor. ; b, to check, restrain,
fig., examen in trutina, to amend one's o}nnion,
Pers.
castimoma -ae, f. (castus), 1, bodily pur-
ity, Cic. ; 2, moral purity, Cic.
castitas -atls, f. (castus), abstinence from,
sensual pleasure, chastity, Cic.
1. castor -oris, m. (koo-t«p), the beaver, Cic. .
2. Castor -oris, m. (KacTTwp), the son ofTyn-
danis and Leda, twin-brother of Pollux and Helen.
Ecastor, mccastor, By Castor I a common form
of oath iir Rome.
cas
87
oat
castoreum, -i, n. an aromatic secretion ob-
tained from the beaver, Verg.
castrensis -e (castra), pertaining to a camp,
Cic.
castro, 1, to castrate, Plaut.
castrum -i, n. (root CAS, whence casa).
1, Sing., a castle, fort, fortress, Nep. ; oftener
in sing, as a proper name, e.g., Castrum Inui
in Latium. II. Plur., castra -orum, n. A.
Lit., 1, a camp fortified by a ditch (fossa) and a
mound (agger) surmounted by pedisades (vallum) ;
stativa, permanent, Cic; avstivn, summer quar-
ters, Suet. ; hibcrna, winter quarters, Liv. ; na-
valia, a naval encamptnent, when the ships were
drawn up on the beach and protected by an
entrenchment, Caos. ; ponerc, Liv. ; locare,
facere, to encamp, Cie. ; movere, to break up the
lamp, Caes. ; promovere, to advance, Caes. ; re-
moveiv, or movere retro, tn retreat, lav. ; hostem
castris exuere, tn take- the enemy's camp, Liv. ;
fig., like the English camp, of a party, in Epieui i
nos adversarii nostri castra conjecimus, Cic;
2, esp., a, the camp of the praetorian guard at
Rome ; praetoriana, Suet. ; b, as a proper name,
Castra Cornelia, a height near Utica. B. Transf.,
of a bee-hive, cerea castra, Verg. C. Meton.,
1, a day's march; tertiis castris pervenit, Liv. ;
2, martial service, magnum in castris usunt
habere, Caes.
castus -a -um (connected with Gr. xaSapos).
I. pure, spotless, innocent; homo castissimus,
Cic. II. Esp. A. .1, temperate, unselfish; homo
castus ac non cupidus, Cic; 2, chaste; matro-
nai'UlU castissiina, Cic. B. Transf., of things,
Cassii castissiina domus, Cic. C. of religion,
pious, religious, holy; hac casti maneant in
rcligione nepotcs, Verg. ; castam contionem,
sanctum campum defendo, Cic.
casula -ae, f. (dim. of casa), a little hut,
cottage, 1'lin.
casus -lis, in. (cado), (i falling, fall, Liv. I.
Ocn. A. Lit., a, nivis, Liv.; b, of a season,
end; extrcmae sub casum hiemis, Verg.; c, in
grammar, case; casus rectus, the nominative,
Cic. B. Transf, a, fall; nunin gravis casus in
servitiuin ox regno fovet, Sail.; b, occasion, op-
portunity; aul. vi aut dolis se casum victome
inventuvum, Sail. ; c, accident, event, occurrence;
novi casus temporum, Cic. ; abl. casu, by chance;
evenire non temerc nee casu, Cic. ; d, disaster,
mishap; mens ille casus tani horribilis, tam
gravis, etc., Cic. ; reipublicae, Sail. II. destruc-
tion, ruin; a, of things, urbis Trojanae, Verg. ;
b, of persons, violent death; Saturnini atque
Gracchorum casus (plur.), Caes.
Catabathmos -i, m. (KaTa/3a0p.os), a inlley
on the borders of Africa and Asia, now the valley
of Akabah.
catadromus -i, in. (Kai-aSpo/uos), a rope for
rope-dancing, Suet.
Catadupa -orum, n. (KaraSovrra), the Nile
cataracts on the Ethiopian frontier, now cataracts
of Wady Haifa.
CdtagelaSimUS -a -Uiu («aTa-yeAacnp.os),
serving as a subject of jest, Plant.
calagraphus -a -um (xaTaypocpo?), painted.
\rti-coloured, Cat.
CatamltUS -i, m. the Latin name for Gany-
mtdes.
Cataonia -ae, f. a district of the Roman
province Cappadocia.
cataphractes -aj, in. (KaTa<i>puKT>j?), a
breast-plate of iron scales, Tac. ; hence, adj.,
cataphractUS -a -um, mail-clad, Liv.
cataplus -i, in. (/coTa7rAous), the arrival of a
ship ; hence meton., a ship that is arriving, Cic.
pa
catapulta -ae, f. (KaraneK-rrn), an engine of
war for throwing arrows, a catapult, Liv.
catapultarius -a -um (catapulta), relating
to a catapult, Plaut.
cataracta (catarr.) -ae, f , and oataraot-
es -ae, m. (KaTappaKT>)«)> 1» a waterfall, esp. cr
cataract o/ the Nile, Sen. ; 2, a sluice or flood--
gate, Plin. ; 3, a portcullis, Liv.
catasta -ae, f. (Karacrrao-i^), a stage upon
which slaves were exposed in the market, Pers.
cate, adv. (catus), skilfully, cleverly, Cic.
cateja -ae, f. a kind of dart, Verg.
1. catella -ae, f. (dim. of catula), a little
bitch, Juv.
2. catella -ae, f. (dim. of catena),, a little
chain, Liv.
catellus -i, in. (dim. of catulus), a little
dog, Cic.
catena -ae f. (root CAT, CAS, whence cas-'
sis), 1, a cliain, fetter; aliquem catenis vincire,
Liv.; aliquem in catenas conjicere, Liv.; alicul
catenas injicere, Cic; in catenis tenere, Caes. ;
fig., restraint; leguin citenae, Cic. ; 2, a chain,
series, Lucr.
catcnatUS -a -um (catena), chained, bound;
Britannus, Ilor. ; labores, unremitting, Mart.
caterva -ae, f. crowd, troop. I. Of nieu,
A. Gen., magna togatornm, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
a troop of soldiers, esp. of barbarian soldiers, of
mercenaries as op p. to Roman legionaries, Hor.,
Tac. ; 2, a company of actors, Cic. ; 3, the chorus
in the drama, Cic. II. Of animals, Verg.
catervarius -a -um (caterva), belonging to
a troop, Suet. ,
catervatim, adv. (caterva), in troops, in
masses, SaV..-,-Lucr.
cathedra -ae, f. (icadeSpa.). I. A. a chair, ,
principally used by ladies, Hor.; also, a litter
for women, Jw. B. Meton., cathedrae mnlles,
luxurious women, .luv. II, a -professor's chair,
Juv.
Catilina -ae, in., L. Sergius, a Unman of
noble birth, who headed a conspiracy against the
state., ami was killed in Ixittle at Faesulae, B.C. <i"2;
hence adj., Catilinarius -a-um, Catiliuarian.
catillo, 1. (catillus), to lick plates, Plaut.
1. catillus -i, m. (dim. of catinus), a small
dish or platr, Hor.
2. Catillus -i, m. son of Amphiaraus, one of
the legendary founders ofTibur.
Catina -ae, f. (Karon)), and Catane -es, f.
a toivn on the east coast of Sicily, at the foot of
Mount Aetna, now Catania. Adj., Catincnsis
-e, of or belonging to Catina.
catinum -i, n. and catinus -i, m. a broad,
flat dish, Hor. ;
Cato -Cinis, in. I. a cognomen belonging to the
plebeian gens l'orcia. 1, M. Porcius Cato Cen- ■
sorius (235-147 B.C.), celebrated for his upright-
ness and strenuous support of the old Roman ■
simplicity and discipline, author of several works,
among which the most noted are the Origines and
do He rustica ; 2, M. Porcius Cato the younger,
bailer of the senatorial party on the death of r-om-
peius, killed himself at Utica, B.C. 4G, on the final
ruin of his party (hence called Uticeii9is).
Adj.,_Catonianus -a -um, Catonian. Subst.,
Catonini -orum, in. the party of the younger
Catn. Plur., Catoncs, men nf the old Roman '
type, like Cato, Cic. II. M. Valerius Cato, a
freed/man of Gaul, grammarian and poet in the '
time of Sulla.
catonium -i, n. (kotui), the lower world; with
cat
83
cav
* play on the word Cato, vereor ne in catonium
Catuninos, Cic.
, catta -ae, f. cat or weasel, Mart.
catiila -ae, f. a little bitch, Prop.
c&tulinus -a -um (catulus), relating to a
dog ; caro, Plant. ; or subst., c&tulina -ae, f.
dog's flesh, Plin.
Catullus -i, in., Q. Valerius Catullus, a cele-
brated Jioman elegiac and epigrammatic poet, bom
in or netir Verona, B.C. 87. Adj., CatUllianus
-a -11111.
1. catulus -i, m. (dim. of eatus), a young
animal, esp. of the dog or cat kiud ; a, suis,
Plaut. ; leonis, Hor. ; lupi, Verg. ; nrsae, Ov. ;
b, esp. a young dog, whelp, puppy, Cic.
2. Catulus -i, m., the name of a branch of the
pleUian gens Liitatia. I. C. LuUtius Catulus,
consul B.C. 242, who brought the First J unic War
to a close by the. victory of Aegusa, B.C. 241. II.
O,. Lutatius Catulus, consid with Matins, B.C.
102, defeated the Vimbri at the battle of Vercellae;
perished in the. proscription of Sulla, B.C. 87.
ill. Q. Lutatius Catulus, son of the preceding, an
honest and popular aristocratic statesman, contem-
porary with Cicero; consul, B.C. 7S ; died b.c. 60.
catUS -a -urn, 1, sagacious, acnde, clever (opp.
stultus), Cic; 2, cunning, sly, in a bad sense,
Hor.
CaUC&SUS -i, in. (KaiJicao-o?), mountains se-
parating Asia from Europe. Adj., Caiicaslus
-a -um, Caucasian.
Cauda -ae, f. the tail of an animal; 1, leonis,
Cic. ; caudam trahere, to wear a tail, a. fool's cap,
Hor. ; 2, cauda Verrina, the appendage to the
name of Verres which was changed to Verrucius,
with a play on the word verres (boar).
C.udcus -a -urn, made of rushes, Plant.
oaudex (codex) -Icis, ni. the stem or trunk
of a tree, Verg.
caudicalls -e (caudex), relating to wood,
Plaut.
oa adicat ius, v. codicarius.
Caudium -li, n. an old city in Somnium,
near tlie pass of the Caudine Forks, in which the.
Roman army u>as enclosed by the Samnites, h.c.
321. Adj., Caudinus -a -um, Caudine; fur-
culae, Liv. ; proelium, Cic.
caulae -arum, f. (contr. for cuvillae, from
cavus), 1, a hole, opening, Lucr. ; 2, a sheep-fold,
Verg.
caulls -is, m. (connected with Kav\6<;). A.
the stalk of a plant, esp. the cabbage-plant, Plin.
B. Transf., anything of similar form; pennae,
a quill, Plin.
Caulon -onis, m. and Caulonia -ae, f.
(KavAuV), Italian town in Ilrnttii.
Caunus (Cauuos) -i, f. (Knvi'ot), re town in
Caria. Adj., Caunous or ius -a -um.
caupo -onis, m. a small shopkeeper, or inn-
keeper, Cic.
oaupdna -ae, f. (c.iupo), a tavern, inn, Cic,
Hor.
cauponlus -a -um (caupo), belonging to an
innkeeper, Plant,
cauponor, 1. dep. (caupo), to trade in any-
thing, Knn.
cauponula -ae, f. (dim. of caupo), a little
inn, Cic.
caurus (c&rus), -i, m. the north-west wind,
Verg., Caes.
causa (caussa) -ae, f. (cado), a cause, reason,
motive, inducement. A. 1, magna, levis, |uata,
Cic. ; cum causa, with good reason, Cic. ; sine
causa, without reason, Cic. ; with genit., causa
belli, Cic. ; with infln. (poet.), quae causa fuit
consurgere iu anna, Verg. ; ob earn causani quia,'
etc., Cic; quidnam esse causae cur, etc, Cic;
propter banc causam quod, etc., Cic; ea est
causa ut (with subj.), Liv. ; quid est causae quia
(with subj.), Cic; eis causis qiioniinus (with
subj.), Caes.; in causa haec sunt, Cic; all'errc
causam, Cic. ; alicui inferre causam, Cic ; alicui
causam alicuiusrei dare, Cic; causae esse, Caes.;
causam alicuius rei sustinere, to bear the blame,
Cic; 2, excuse; causam acciperc, Cic; 3, pre-
text; causas novarum postulationum quaerere,
Cic; fingere causam, Cic ; 4, cause of a disease,
Cic; 5, abl., causa, on account of; joci causa,
Cic; verbi causa, for example, Cic; mea causa,
Cic ; so tua, nostra, etc. B. 1, case; armis in-
feriores, non causa fiunt, Cic ; 2, situation,
condition; erat in meliore causa, Cic; 3, tide,
party ; causa quam Pompeius susccperat, Cic ;
4, point in an argument, subject ; causam disse-
rendi, Cic; 5, lawsuit; causa capitis, Cic;
causae dictio, pleading, Cic; causam defendere,
Cic. ; causam dicere, to plead, Cic ; causam sur-
ripere, Cic. ; causani perdere or causa cadere,
to lose a suit, Cic.
causarius -a -um (causa A. 4), sickly, dis-
et v.d, Sen.; hence subst, causani -oruin, in.
inilit. t.L, invalided, discharged on account of
illness, Liv.
causia -ae, f. (xaiKji'a), a w/n7e broad-brimmed
Macedonian hut, Plant.
causidlCUS -i, m. (causa and dico), an advo-
cate, barrister, used contemptuously to denote
one who pleads for money and without skill ;
distinguished from orator, Cic
causificor, 1. (causa and facio), to bring
forward as a reason or pretext, Plaut.
causor, 1. dep. (causa), to give as a reason, or
pretext; to plead, pretend; multa, Lucr.; con-
seiisum patrum, Liv.; valetudinein, Tac
CaustlOUS -a -um (Kav<rriK(k), burning, caus-
tic. Subst., causticum -i, n. caustic, Plin.
causula -ae, f. (dim. of causa), 1, re little law
suit, Cic ; 2, re slight occasion, Auct. B. Afr.
caute, adv. (cautus), cautiously, carefully;
caute pedetemptiinque dieere, Cic.
cautes (cotes) -is, f. a rough sharp rock,
Caes., Verg.
cautim, adv. (cautus), cautiously, carefully,
Ter.
cautio -onis, f. (contr. from cavitio, from
cavco). I. caution, care, foresight, precaution;
cautioiiem adhibere, Cic. ; hence, res cautioneui
habet, a, the affair needs caution, Cic. ; b, al-
lows of foresight, Cic II. Legal t.t., security,
bail, bond, Cic ; chirograph], written, Cic
cautor -oris, m. (caveo), 1, one who is on
his guard, Plaut. ; 2, one who gives bail for
another, Cic.
cautus -a um (caveo), 1, a, cautions, wary,
careful, circumspect ; paruin putantur cauti provi-
dique fuisse, Cic. ; in scribendo, Cic. ; consilia
cautiora, Cic; b, sly; vulpes, Hor.; 2, of
property, made safe, secured; quo mulieri esset
res cautior, Cic.
cavaedlum -i, n. = cavum aedium, the open
quadrangle formed by the inner walls of a house,
Plin.
cavea -ae, f. (cavus). I. re hollow place,
cavityi Plin. II. Esp. A. an inclosure, a den
for wild animals, Luc ; esp. a, re birdcage,
Cic. ; b, re beehive, Verg. B. a, the seats in a
theatre or amphitheatre; prima, the first tier,
the place of honour where the knights sot ; media,
summa, less distinguished seats, Cic. ; b, the
whole theatre, Cic.
cav
89
caveo, ciivi, cautum, 2. to be on one's guard,
I. to guard against, beware, avoid; absol., nisi
cavetis, Cic. ; with ab, ab aliquo, Cic. ; with
ace, aliquem, to be on one's guard against, Cic;
pass., caveiula etiam gloriae cupiditas, we must
be on our guard against, Cic. ; witli infill., in
quibus cave vereri ne, etc., Cic. ; with ne, ut
ne, and the subj., quod ut ne accidat cavendum
est, Cic. ; with subj. alone, cave ignoscas, Cic. ;
with lit and the subj., Cic. II. to take precau-
tions. A. With dat. of persons for whom, qui
in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutuni, Cic;
with ad, satis cautum tibi ad defcnsioncin, Cic. ;
witli ut and the subj., to take care, Cic. B. Esp.,
legal t.t., 1, to give security for ; praedibus et
praediis populo, Cic. ; 2, to get security; ab sese
caveat, Cic. ; 3, to provide for in writing, to
order ; a, by will, heredi velle cavere, Cic. ; b,
in a treaty, de quibus cautum sit foedere, Cic ;
C, in a law, cautum est in legibus Scipionis ne,
etc., Cic. (Imper. cave sometimes in poet.)
civerna -ae, f. (cavus), a hollow place, grotto,
cavern, Cic. ; navis, the hold, Cic. ; coeli, the
vault of heaven, Lucr.
cavilla -ae, f. (dim. of cavus), empty jesting,
raillery, scoffing, Plaut.
cavillatio -onis, f. (cavillor), raillery, jest-
ing, irony, Cic.
cavlllator -oris, m. (cavillor), a jester, joker,
humourist, Cic
cavillor, 1. dcp. (cavilla), to jest, joke, sati-
rise, make game of; 1, cum aliquo, Cic. ; in eo
cavillatus est, Cic. ; alicuius praetextam, Cic. ;
tribunos plebei cavillans, Liv. ; 2, to make cap-
tious objections ; cavillari tribuui, Liv.
cavillula -ae, f. (dim. of cavilla), a little jest,
Plaut.
cavo, 1. (cavus), to hollow, make hollow, ex-
cavate ; naves ex arboribus, Liv. ; oppida cuui-
culis, to undermine, Plin. ; parmam gladio, to
pierce, Verg. ; luna cavans cornua, waning, Plin.
Partic, cavatua -a -um, hollowed out, hollow;
rupes, Verg.
oavum.-i, n. (cavus), a hole, cavity, cave, Liv.
cavus -a -um, hollow, concave (opp. plenus).
I. Lit., vena, Cic; vallis, Liv.; nubes, Verg. ;
ftumina, deep-cluinnelled, Verg. ; luna, waning,
Plin. II. Meton., empty ; imago formae, Verg.
Ciystrus -i, in. (Kaii<rTpos), a river in Lydia,
famous for its swans; hence adj., Caystrlus
-a -um, Cayslrian; ales, the swan, Ov.
ce, au inseparable particle joined on to pro-
nouns and adverbs — e.g., hisce, Cic
Cea -ae, f. and Ceos, ace. Ceo (Ke'ut), one
of the Cyclades Islands, birthplace of the poet
Simonides. Adj., Ceus -a -um, Cean, Camenae,
the poetry of tiimonides, Hor.
Cebenna (Gehenna) mons, m. a mountain-
chain in Gaul (now the Cevennes).
Cebren -enis, m. (Ke/Jpjji'), a river-god in,
Troas, father of Oenone and Hesperie. Hence,
Cebrenls -Mis, f. the daughter of Cebren, i.e.,
Hesperie, Ov.
Cecrops -opis, m. (KeVpoi^), the first king of
Attica, mythical founder of Athens; hence, a,
Cecropides -ae, m. descendant of Cecrops, e.g.,
Theseus, Ov. ; plur. the Athenians, Verg. ; b,
Cecropls -idis, f. a female descendant of Cecrops,
e.g., Aglauros, daughter of Cecrops, Ov. ; Procne
and Philomela, daughters of Pandion, Ov. ; adj.,
terra, Attica, Ov. ; ales, Procne, Ov. ; c, Ce-
cropius -a -um, Cecropian, arx, Ov. ; and subst.,
Cecrdpia -ae, f. the citadel of Athens, Plin. ;
also, relating to Attica and 4Mwiis; Athenian,
Attis,
eel
1. cedo, cessi, cessuni, 3. I. Gen., to go,
proceed. A. Lit., per ora, Hor. B. Transf., 1,
to come to something, to turn out, to happen ;
alicui male, Ov. ; 2 t to fall to the lot of; ut
etiam is quaestus huic cederet, Cic ; res omnis
Albana in ltomanum cedit imperium, Liv. ; 3,
to change to, to become; hue omnis aratri cesa-
it honos, Verg. II. Esp., A. Lit., to give
grounil, retire; cedam atque abibo, Cic. ; horas
cedunt et dies, Cic ; e patria, or (simply) patria,
Cic. ; ab or de oppido, Cic. ; e vita or vita, Cic;
e memoria or memoria, Liv. ; with dat. of the
person before whom one retreats, infenso hosti,
Liv. B. Transf., 1, to submit, yield; minis
alicuius, Cic ; tempori, Cic ; precibus alicuius,
Cic. ; 2, to be inferior to ; alicui virtute, Caes. ;
3, to give up a right or some property ; with abl.
and dat, alicui possessione bonorum, Cic ; with
ace, multa niultis de jure, Cic; permitto alU
quid iracundiae tuae, do adolesceutiae, cedo ami-
citiae, tribuo parenti, Cic.
2. cedo and plur. cette. (contracted from
cedito and cedite), 1, here with it! give here;
cedo aquam manibus, Plaut.; cedo ut bibaiii, 1
Plaut. ; 2, out with it ! let us hear, tell us; also,
cedo dum, Plaut., Ter. ; 3, to call attention,
see here; cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Cic.
cedrus -i, f. (*e'Spos). L the cedar, or juni-
per tree, Plin. II. Meton., A. cedar-wood, Verg.
B. cedar oil; carmina liuenda cedrn, worthy of
immortality (as the cedar oil preserved from
decay), Hor.
Celaenae -arum, f. (KeXaii/ou), a tow, in
Phrygia, near tlie Maeander, Liv. Adj., Celae-
naeus -a -um, Celaenean.
Cclaeno -us, f. (K«Xaii/u>). X. daughter of
Atlas, placed in the sky as one of the Pleiades. II.
one of the Harpies. Appell., a covetous woman,
Juv.
celator -oris, m. (celo), a concealer, Lucr.
celeber -bris -bre and Celebris -e. numer-
ous. I. Of places, meetings, etc., A. Lit.,
much frequented; portus, Cic B. Transf., 1,
lionoured ; funus fit regium, magis amore civium
et caritate quam cura suoruiu celebre, Liv. ;
2, renowned, distinguished, well-known; a, of
things, res tota Sicilia celebenima atque notis-
sima, Cic. ; b, of persons, famous ; clarissim-
arum urbium excidio celeberriini viri, Liv. II.
often repeated; vox celeberrima, Ov.
eclobratio -onis, f. (celebro), 1, a numerous
assembly; quae eelebratio qnotidiana, Cic. ; 2,
numerous attendance upon a festival, celebration ;
ludorum, Cic.
celebrator -oris, m. (celebro), one who
praises or extols, Mart. :
celebratus -a -um, p. adj. (from celebro),
1, numerously attended ; a, of places, much
frequented ; forum rerum venalitim totius regni
maxiine celebratuni, ball. ; b, of festivals, kept
solemn, festive; dies festus eelebratusqne per
oinnem Africam, Liv.; 2, known; a, res eele-
bratissimae omnium sermone, Cic. ; b, praised,
honoured; eloquentia, Tac
celebritas -atis, f. (celeber), 1, a frequenting
in large numbers, numerous attendance at; loei,
Cic. ; of a festival, celebration ; supremi diei, at
a funeral, Cic; 2, amultitude, concourse; virorum
ac mulierum, Cic. ; 3, fame, renown ; celebrit-
atem sermonis hominum consequi, Cic.
celobro, 1. (celeber), 1 to visit frequently,
or in large numbers ; domum alicuius, Cic. ; seji-
ulcrnm hominum conventu epulisque, Cic. ; 2, to
celebrate, solemnise ; festos dies ludorum, Cic ;
celebratur omnium sennono loetitiaque con-
vivium, Cic. ; 3, to publish, make known ; fac-
tum esse cowsulein Mureimiu nuotii Jjtteraeque
Col
90
cen
cclcbrnsscnt, Cic. ; 4, to praise, honour ; cgres-
suiii alicuius ernare atquc celebrare, Cic. ; nomen
allcuiua Bcriptis, Cic; 5, to practise, often,
exercise ; sites, Cic; ncc unura genus est divina-
tioiiis publico privatimquo celobratuin, Cic
Cclemna -ac, f. a town in Campania, not
far from Teanum.
color -oris, -6ro (root CEL, comtoctod with
cello, celox, /ce'A<o, Ke'A.>)0> swift, quick, rapid. I.
Lit., navis, Ov. II. Transf., A. 1, in a good
sense, mens qua nihil est celerius, Cic ; 2, in
a bad sense, hasty, rash, precipitate ; consilia
celeriora, over hasty plans, Liv.
colore, adv. (celer), quickly, swiftly, Plant.
Celeres -urn, in. (connected with «'Ai/s),
the name of the body-guard of the Roman kings,
Liv.
celeripes -pedis (celer and pes), swift-
footed, Cic
ccleritas-atis, f. (celer), quickness, swiftness,
celerity. I. Lit., equorum, Cic. II. Transf.,
orationis, Cic; actionis, Cic; animorum, Cic.
celeriter, adv.' (celer), quickly, swiftly, Cic
celcro, 1. (celer). 'I. Transit., to make q-.dck,
hasten, accelerate; fugam, Verg. II. Intransit.,
t. hasten, Lucr., Cat.
CeloUS -i, in. (Ke\eos), king in Elcusis, who
hospitably entertained Ceres, and was taught by
her agriculture ami the mysteries of her worship.
cella -ao, f. a room. I. Ih a Roman house.
A. Of a town-house, 1, a room for persons, esp.
. the servants' rooms, Cic; 2, a storehouse; with or
without penaria, Cic. ; in cellani dare, imperare,
cmerc, to give out, ordcr t buy things for the hcuse,
Cic. B. Of a country-house, 1, store/muse ;
'penaria, for corn, olearia, for oil, vinaria, for
vine, Cic; transf., Capua cella atJqne horreum
Campani agri, Cic ; 2, place for keeping birds,
Col. C. In a lodging-house, a mean apartment,
•Mart. II, In a teniplo, the shrine of the god's
image, Cic. III. the cell of a beehive, Verg.
cellariUS -a -nm (cella), relating to a store-
room, l'laut. Snbst., cellarius -i, in. a store-
keeper, cellarer, Plant.
celliila -ae, f. (dim. of cella), a little cham-
ber, or cell, Ter.
cclo, 1. to hide, conceal, keep secret; soiit"ii-
tiam Bliam, Cic; dolorem vultu tegcrc et taci-
. tumitate celare, Cic ; with aec. of the thing
concealed and ace of person from whom it is
concealed; non tc celavi sermonem T. Ampii,
Cic ; with de and the aol. of the person ; de in-
sidiis te eclarc noluit, Cic.
C&lox -ocis, f. (root CEL, v. celer), a swift
vessel, or yacht, Liv. ; publica, packet-boat, Plant.
1. CClsus -a -um (from * cello, lit. driven
up on high), high, upright. A. Lit., natura
homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos con-
stituit, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of rank, eminent;
celsissima sedes dignitatis et honoris, Cic ; 2,
morally, lofty, elevated; celsus et erectus, Cic;
3, in a bad sense, proud, haughty, Cic. ; celsi
Ramnes, Hor.
2. Celsus -i, in. A. Cornelius, a Latin writer
on medicine.
Celtae -arum, m. the Celts. Adj., Celticus
•a -um, Celtic.
Celtiberi -orum, m. the Celtiberians, a race
in the middle of Spain of mind Celtic and Ibe-
rian blood. Adj., Coltlber -era -eruin and
Celtiberlcus -a -um, Celtlberian. Snbst.,
Celtiberia -ae, f. the land of the Celtiberi.
cena -ae, f. the principal meal of the. Romans,
taken about three or four o'clock in the afternoon,
dinner, supper, I, Lit., ccna, recta, a complete
dinner of three courses, Suet. ; enput cenae, the
chief dish, Cic. ; inter ccuaiil, at dinner-time, Cic;
invitare ad ccnam, to ask to dinner, Cic; obire
cenas, itare ad cenas, Cic ; cenam alietii (hue,
to give any one a dinner, Cic. ; venire ad cenam,
Cic. ; rcdiro a cena, Cic. II. Met on., a, "i"
courses at a dinner ; prima, altera, tci'tia, Mart.;
b, the company invited ; ingens cena scdet, Juv.;
0, the place where the dinner is given, Plin.
ccnaculum -i, n. (ceno), literally an eating-
room, Varr. ; and as these were often in the
upper storey, the upper stoi-ey of a house, the gar-
ret, attic ; Roma cenaculis sublata atquc sus-
pensa, Cic ; mutat cenacula, Hor.
Cenaeum -i, n. (Krivaior aKpov), the north-
western promontory of Euboea, on which was a
temple of Jupiter; hence, adj., Ccnacns -a
-um, of Cenaeum; Juppiter, Ov.
cenatlcus -a -um (cena), relating to dinner;
spes, Plaut.
cenatio -onis, f. (cena), an eating-room, din-
ing-hall, Plin.
cenatorius -a -nm (cena), relating to dinner.
Subst., ccnatoria -orum n. clothes to dine in,
Petr.
cenaturio, 4. (ceno), to wish to dine, Mart.
ccnatus -a -um, v. ceno.
Cenchreae -arum, f. (KcygpAu), port of the
Corinthians on the Saronic gulf. Adj., Cen-
chrcus -a -um, Cenchrean.
cenito, 1. (freq. of ceno), to dine often, be
accustomed to dine; apud aliquem, Cic
ceno, 1. (cena). I. Intransit, to take the
cena, to dine, sup, eat ; cenare bene, Cic. ; cenare
apud aliquem, Cic. ; impers., quum eenaretur
apud Vitellios, Liv.; partic. perf., ccnatus, with
a middle meaning, having dined, after dinner;
cenati discubucrunt ibidem, Cic II. Transit.,
to dine on, to eat; aprum, Hor.
Ccnomiini -6mm, a Celtic people in Gaul.
Adj., Cenomanus -a -nm, Cenomanian,
censeo -siii -sum, 2. (root CENS, COXS,
whence eonsulo), to give an opinion I, Gen.,
to appraise, estimate. A. Lit., 1, si censenda
nobis atque aestimanda res sit, Cic. ; 2, esp.
of the censor at Rome; a, to take. on. account oj
the. names and property of Roman citizens; cen-
sures populi aevitates, subolcs, familias pecuni-
asque censcnto, Cic. ; capite censi, the lowest
class of Roman citizens, whose persons only were
counted, Sail. ; sintne ista praedin censui censcn-
do ? are those estates ft to be put on the censor's list ?
(as the property of the possessors), Cic; b, to
make a return to the censor ; in qua tribu denique
ista praedia censuisti, Cic. B. Transf., censeri
de aliquo, to be regarded as belonging to a certain
person, Ov. II. A. to express an opinion, be of
an opinion; ita prorsns censeo, Cic; tibi igi-
tur hoc censeo, Cic; with utand the subj., Cic. ;
with the subj. alone, magno opere censeo de-
sistas, Cic; with infin., delubra esse in urbibus
censeo, Cic. B. to vote, recommend by vote or
advice ; captivos reddendos in senatu non cen-
suit, Cic ; pars deditionem, pars eruptionem
censebant, Caes. C. Of the senate (as jubero
for the popnlus), to resolve, order ; senatus cen-
suit uti, etc, Caes.
ccnsio -onis, f. (censeo). A. an assessment,
estimate, esp. the censor's estimate, Plaut. B.
Transf., in jest, bnbula, a scourging, Plant.
censor -oris, m. (censeo), the censor. I. Lit.,
a Rinnan magistrate, of whom two were elected,
originally at intervals of five years, afterwards
of i'ii'' year and a half. Their business was : a,
to hold the census ; b, to punish persons for
Offeuyes against Ujorftla by degradation to 9
cen
91
Cer
lower rank ; c, to look after the roads and
bridges, public buildings, ami the revenues of
the state. II. Transf., a severe judge, a rigid
moralist, a censurer, Cie. ; castigator censorque
ininoruui, Hor.
ceusdrius -a -11111. A. relating to the censor ;
homo, one who has filled the office of censor, Cic. ;
tabulae, the censor's lists, Cic. ; lex, locatio, a
contract relating to building or to the public re-
venue, Cic. ; opus, a fault which was punished by
the censor, Cic. B. Transf., rigid, severe, Quint.
censura -ae, f. (censor), the censor's dignity,
the censorship ; censuram gerere, Cic.
census -us, m. (censeo). A. the enrolment of
the mimes ami the assessment of the property of all
Roma)i. citizens, the census; censum habere, Cic. ;
agere, to take a census, Liv. ; censu prohibere,
Cic. ; censu excludere, to refuse to enrol in the
census, Liv. ; censum perficerc, Liv. ; censum
accipere, Liv.; censum alicuiusaugerc, extenuate,
Cic. B. Meton., a, the censor's list, Cic; b, the
amount of property necessary for enrolment in a
certain rank; senatorius = S00,000 sesterces,
Suet. ; cquester = 400,000 sesterces, Suet. ; homo
sine censu, a poor man, Cic. ; dat ceusus ho-
nores, Ov.
centaureum -ei, n. and centaurium -ii,
n. (xei'Taiipcioi'), the plant centaury, Verg.
Centaurus -i, in. (KeWavpos). I. a centaur,
a monster, half man and half horse, Verg. ; no-
bilis, Chiron, Hor. ; hence adj., Centaureus
-a -T3W1. II. f. the name of a ship, Verg.
centenaruis -a -inii (centenus), containing
a hundred, relating to a hundred, Varr., Plin.
centenus -a -um (centum). I. Sing., used
collectively, a hundred; centena arbore, Verg.
II. Plur., num. distrib., a hundred each, Cic.
centesimus -a -um, num. ordin. (centum),
the hundredth; lux ab interitu Clodii, Cic.
Subst., centesima -ae, f. (sc. pars), the hun-
dredth part ; a, a tax of one per cent., Cic. ; b,
of interest of money, one per cent, (reckoned at
Rome by the month, therefore = 12 per cent, per
annum); binae centesimae = 2i per cent. ; quat-
ernae, Cie. ; perpetuae, compound interest, Cic.
centiceps -cTpItis (centum and caput), hun-
dred-headed; belua, Cerberus, Hor.
centiens or centies, adv. (centum), a
hundred times ; HS. centies (sc. centena milia),
ten million sesterces, Cic.
centimanus -a -um (centum and mauus),
hundred-handed, Hor., Ov.
centiplex, v. centuplex.
cento -onis, m. (Kevrptov), patchwork, a cover-
ing of rags; in war, coverings toward off missiles
or extinguish fires, Caes.
centum, indecl. numer., 1, a hundred, Cic. ;
2, hyperbol., any indefinitely large number;
centum puer artium, Hor.
centumgeinlnus -a -um, hundred-fold;
Briareus, hundred-armed, Verg.
centumpondium -Ii, n. a weight of a hun-
dred jwunds, Plaut.
centum vir -i , m . , plur. centum viri -orum ,
m. a college of 105 magistrates (increased under
the emperors to 180), yearly elected at Home,
having jurisdiction over cases relating to inherit-
ance, Cic.
centumviralis -e, relating to the centum-
viri; causa, heard before the centumviri, Cie.
centunculus -i, m. (dim. of cento), a little
}Xdeh, or patchwork, Liv.
centuplex -Ids, a hundred-fold, Plant
Oentiiria -ae, f, (centum), a division of 100 ;
1, a covijxtny of soldiers, originally 100, after-
wards 00, Liv. ; 2, a century, one of the 1U3 divi-
sions into which Servius Tullius distributed the
Hainan people; praerogatfva, the century which
obtained by lot the privilege of first voting, Cic.
ccnturiatim, adv. (centuria), by centuries or
companies, Caes., Cic.
1. centuriatus -us, m. (1. centurio), the
division into conqianies or centuries, Liv.
2. centuriatus -us, ru. (2. centurio), the
centurion's office, Cic.
1. centurio, 1. (centuria), to divide into cen-
turies; juventutem, Liv.; comitia centuriata,
the assembly in which the whole Roman people
voted in their centuries (e.g., at the election of
a consul), Cic. ; lex centuriata, a law passed in
sitcli an assembly, Cic.
2. centurio -onis, m. (centuria), a commander
of a century, a centurion, Cic.
centurionatus -us, m. (2. centurio), the
election of centurions, Tac.
Centuripae -arum, f. and Centiiripa
-orum, n. (toi KcvTopin-a), a town in Sicily, now
Centorbi ; hence, Centuripmus -a -um, of or
belonging to Centunpa,
centussis -is, m. (centum and as), a hundred
asses, Pers.
ceniila -ae, f. (dim. of cena), a little meal,
Cic.
cenum, v. caenum.
Coos, v. Cea.
cepa, v. cacpa.
Cophallenia -ae, f. (KeipaWnvia), island in
the Ionic Sea (now Cefalonia) ; hence, Cephal-
lenes -um, in. inhabitants of CepiMllenia.
Cephaloedis -Idis, f. (-iuni -ii, n.) F town on
the north coast of Sicily. Adj., Cephaloedita-
nus -a -um, of or belonging to Cephaloedis.
Ccphenes -um, m. (K^r^*?), a people of
Aethiopia, hence adj., Cephenus -a -um, Ce-
phenian.
Cepheus -ei, m. (Kjj^ei/'s), a mythical king of
Aethiopia, husband of Cassiope, father of Andro-
meda. Adj., Cepheius -a -um, of or belonging
to Cepheus; virgo, Andromeda, Ov. ; aiva,
Aethiopia, Ov. ; Cepheus -a -um, Ethiopian;
also, Cepheis -idos, f. Andromeda, Ov.
Cephisus, or Cephissus -i, m. (Kr)<j*o-6$,
K>j^>i<T<rd;). I. a river in Boeotia, and, as a river-
god, the father of Narcissus ; hence, Cephlsius
-Ii, in. = Narcissus, Ov. Adj., Cephisis -Mia,
f. of or belonging to Cephisus ; undae, Ov. II. a
river of Attica, Ov. Adj., Cephisias -adis, f.
of or belonging to the Cephisus.
Cera -ae, f. (connected with kijpo?), wax. A.
Lit., mollissima, Cic. ; ceras excudere (of bees
making their hive), Verg. B. Meton., articles
made of wax ; a, writing-tablets coated with tvax,
Cic. ; b, a waxen seed, Cic. ; c, a waxen image,
Sall.^ ■
Ceramlcus -i, m. (Kepa/u«u<cd?), lit., the pot-
tery market, the name of two places at Athens, one
within, the other without the wall, in the latter of
which statues were erected to the heroes who fell in
war.
ccrarium -i, n. (cora), a fee for seeding a
document, Cic.
cerastes -ae, m. (Kepaa-njs), the horned snake,
Plin.
1. cerasus -i, f. («'pu<ros), 1, a cherry-tree,
Ov. ; 2, (i cherry, Prop.
2. Cerasus -uutis, f. (KcpavoCt), a town in
Vontus, whence came the cherry.
cer 92
cer
ceraunius -a -um («pauVios), ceranuia
gemma, or subst., ceraunlum -i, n. r a kind
of precious stone, Plin.
Ceraunf I montes, ami alunc Cerauma
•oruin, n. mountains inEpirus.
Cerberos and -us -i, m. (Ke'ppVpos), the three-
headed dog nt the gates of Tartarus. Adj., Cer-
bereus -a -um, of or belonging to Cerberus.
Ccrcina -ae, f. (KtpioVa), a large island off
the African coast, now Kerkine or Cherkara or
Zerbi.
cercoplthecos and -us -i, in. (»tfpK<»ri0?)i«>s),
a kind of long-tailed ape, Mart., Juv.
cerciirus -i, n\.(KtpKovpos), 1, a light species
of vessel peculiar to Cyprus, Liv. ; 2, a kind of
sea-fish, Ov.
Ceroyo -unis, in. (KepKiW), a brigand in
Attica, killed by Theseus. Adj., Cercyoneus
-a -um, of »>r belonging to Cercyo.
cerdo -onis, in. (Ktpios), a handicroftwrn,
artimn, Juv. ; sutor cerdo, a cobbler, Mart.
cerebrdsus -a -urn (cerebrum), hot-brained,
hot-tempered, Hor.
cerebrum -i, n. A. thebrain, Cic. B.Meton.,
a, the understanding, Hor. ; b, anger, Hor.
Ceres -Sris (root CER, CUE, whence creo).
X, the Itoman goddess of agriculture, the daugh-
ter of Saturn and Ops, sister of Jupiter and Pluto,
and mother of Proserpine ; prov., Cereri has nup-
tias facere, i.e.. without wine, Plant. II. Meton.,
grain, com, Verg., Hor.; whence the proverb,
sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus, Ter. Adj.,
Cereall3 -e, relating toCeres, relating to cultiva-
tion and agriadture, Ov. ; papaver, the emblem of
Ceres, Verg. ; cenae, splendid, as at the festival
of Ceres, Plaut. ; aediles, who superintended the
supply of provisions ; hence subst., Cerealla
-lam, n. the, 'clival of Ceres.
cerSus -a -um (cera). L waxen, Cic. ; castra,
the cells of a hive, Verg. Subst., cerSus -i, m.
o wax taper, Cic. II. Meton., 1, wax-coloured ;
rruna, Verg.; brachia Telephi, smooth as wax,
Hor. ; 2, flexible -Jilce wax; cereus in vitiuin
' flecti, Hor.
cerintha -ae, f. (ojpiVOr)), the wax flower, a
plant of which bees are fond, Verg.
cerlnUS -a-um (iriiptvos), wax-coloured, Plin.
cerno, crevi, cretum, 3. (Root CRE, CD I,
Gr. KP1, whence KpiVu, cribrum.) I. to sepa-
rate, sift; aliquid in cribri.s, Ov. II. Transf.
A. to distinguish ; 1, with the senses, a, ut
lion sensu, sed mente cernatur, Cic. ; b, esp. of
the eyes, acies ipsa, qua cerniinus, quae pupula
vocatur, Cic. ; withacc, Pompeianum non cerno,
Cic. ; withacc. andintin., cernebatur novissimos
illoruin i>remi, Caes. ; 2, with the mind, a, to
perceive; animus plus ccrnit et longius.Cic. ; b,
cemi in aliqua re, to show oneself, to be shown;
fortis animus ct magnus duobus rebus maxime
cernitur, Cic. B. to decide, 1, in battle s to con-
tewl; niagnis in rebus inter se, Lucr. ; 2, to re-
solve, determine; quodeumque senatus crcverit,
agunto, Cic. ; 3, as legal t.t., to acceptan inherit-
ance; hereditatcmcernere, Cic. ; fig., banc quasi
lalsam hereditatem alicnae gloriae, Cic.
cernuus -a-um, falling headlong, with the
face towards the ground; equus, Verg.
coro, 1. to sinear or cover with wax, gen. in
perf. partic. pass., ccrata tabella, Cic.
Ceroma -atis, ll. (»njpw/ia). A. an ointment of
oil end wax used by wrestlers, Juv. B, Meton.,
a, the arena, for wrestling, Plin. ; b, wrestling
itself, Mart.
ceromatfous -a -inn (»rr;p<L>p:uTiicos) t anointed
With the ceroma, Juv. |
cerritus -a-um (contracted from ccrebritus,
from cerebrum), frantic, mad, Plaut., Hor.
COITUS -i, m. a kind of oak, the Turkey oak,
Plin.
certamen -Inis, n. (2. certo), contest; a, in
gymnastics; gladialorium vitae, Cic. ; h,anykind
of rivalry; honoris et gloriae, Cic. ; in certamen
virtutis venire, Cic; c, a fight; proelii, Cic;
vario certamine pu»natum est, Caes.; d, con-
tent ion, rivalry ; est mini tecum pro aris et focis
certamen, Cic
certatim, adv. (certatus, from 2. certo),
em.ulously, eagerly, as if striving for a 2»'i:c, Cic.
certatio -onis, f. (2. certo), a contest; a,
in games, corporuni, Cic. ; b, in words or ac-
tions, virtuti cum voluptate certatio, Cic. ; c,
a legal contest; multac poenae, as to the amount
of a fine to be. inflicted, Cic. ; d, emulation ;
certatio honesta inter amicos, Cic.
certe, adv. (certus). I. a, certainty, as-
suredly ; ea quae certe vera sunt, Cic. ; in an-
swers, without doubt, Cic. ; b, certe scio, cer-
tainly, I know it, Cic. II. at least, at all events;
mihi certe, Cic. ; certe tamen, Cic.
1. certo, adv. (certus), certainly, assuredly,
undoubtedly ; nihil ita exspectare quasi certo
futuruin, Cic. ; esp. in phrase, certo scio, 1 am
sure of it, Cic.
2. certo, 1. (Root CER, whence cerno and
cretus), to contend, struggle (with the idea of
rivalry). A. Lit., de imperio cum popnlo Ro-
mano, Cic. 3. Transf., 1, in words, verbis,
oratione, Liv. ; 2, of law, to dispute; inter se,
Cic. ; 3, to vie with ; offieiis inter se, Cic ; foil.
by infill., vincere, Verg.
certus -a -um (cerno). I. Lit., separated,
Cato. II. Transf., A. certain, definite, fixed,
decided; 1, certum est mihi consilium, Plant.;
certum est (mihi, etc.), J am resolved; sibi
certum esse a judiciis causisque discedere,
Cic. ; 2, of persons, certus mori, determined to
die, Verg.; certus eundi, determined to go, Verg.
B. 1, certain, fixed; certus ac detinitus locus,
Cic. ; certi homines, certain men, Cic. ; 2, secure,
to be depended on; bona et certa tempestate, Cic;
certissinia poptili Romani vectigalia, Cic. ; of
persons, homo certissinuis, to be depended upon,
Cic. ; 3, true, undoubted, sure; argumentuin
odii certius, Cic; certum est, it is certain; est
certum quid respondeam, Cic. ; aliquid certi est,
something is certain; si qnicquam humanorum
certi est, Liv. ; certum scio, / know it for
certain; quamdiu aftutura sunt, certum sciri
nullo modo potest, Cic. ; certum habeo, /
have it for aertain, Cic. ; certum inveniri noil
potest (followed by tie (enclit.) . . . an), Caes. ;
certum respnndeo, Cic; pro certo scio, Liv.;
pro certo habeo, Cic. ; pro certo puto, ap.
Cic; pro certo ncgo, Cic; polliceor, Cic;
dico, Cic. ; aflirmo, Liv. ; pono, Liv. ; creditur,
Sail.; ad certum redigere, to make it certain,
Liv. ; certum (as adv.), nondura certum constitu-
erat, Cic. ; of persons, certi patres, undoubted,
Cic. ; 4, certain of a thing; certi suinus perisse
omnia, Cic. ; certum facere aliqitem, to inform,
Verg. ; in prose, certiorem facere aliquem ; with
genit.,sui consilii, Cic ; with de, de Gennaiioiuin
discessu, Caes.; withacc. and inlin., P. African-
nin simulacrum Dianae majoribus suis restitu-
isse, Cic; with rel. sent., quid egerim, Cic;
with subj. (without a particle), paulisper inter-
mittercnt proeliuin, gins orders to, etc., Cic.
cerula -ac, f. (dim. of cera), a little piece oj
wax; miniata, a kind of red pencil for marking
errors in MSS., Cic. ; cerulas tuas ininuitulas cx-
timcscpbam, criticisms, Cic.
cerva -ac, f. (ccrvus), a hind. Liv. ; poet,,
deer, Verg,
cor
93
Cha
cervarius -a -am (cervus), relating to deer,
run.
cervical -alis n. (cervix), a cushion for the
head, a pillow, bolster, riin.
cervicula -ae, f. (dim. of cervix), a little
neck, Cic.
cervinus -a -uw (cervus). relating to a stag;
pellis, Hor. ; senectu.s, extreme old age, because
the stag was believed to be very long-lived, Juv.
cervix -Icis, f. the nape of the neck, the neck.
I. Of living beings, Cic. ; alicui cerviceni frang-
ere, to break the neck of any one, Cic. ; dare
cervices alicui, to submit to death, Cic. ; also,
cervices securi subjicere, Cic. ; tig., imponere
in cervicibus alicuius sempiteruuiii dominium,
to lay the yoke of mastery on, Cic; in cervicibus
alicuius esse, to be in burdensome and dangerous
proximity, Liv. II. Used of inanimate things,
amphorae, Mart. ; Peloponnesi, the Isthmus of
Corinth, Plin.
cervus -i, m. (Kepaos), a stag. A. Lit.,
Cic. B. Transf., cervi, military t.t., branches of
trees stuck in the ground as a palisade, to impede
the advance of an enemy, Caes.
cespes, v. caespes.
cessatlo -onis, f. (cesso), 1, a delaying,
Plaut. ; 2, inactivity, cessation, laziness, leaving
off, idleness; libera atque otiosa, Cic.
cesaator -oris, m. (cesso), one who loiters and
lingers; eessatorem esse solere, praesertim in
litteris, Cic.
cessio -onis, f. (cedo), a giving up, a cession ;
legal t.t., injure cessio, a fictitious surrender, Cic.
cesso, 1. (freq. of cedo). I. Lit., to leave
off, linger, delay, cease ; si tabellarii non cessa-
rint, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to toiler, to be idle; a,
quid cessarent, Liv. ; in suo studio atque opere,
Cic. ; b, to be negligent in one's duty, Hor. ; 2,
a, to rest, to take rest ; non nocte, non die unquam
cessaverunt ab opere, Liv. ; non cessare with
iutin., not to cease; ille in Achaia non cessat de
nobis detrahere, Cic. ; b, to be idle, make holiday,
do nothing ; cur tarn nniltos deos nihil agere et
cessare patitur, Cic. ; cessasse Letoides aras,
remained unvisited, Ov. ; of land, to lie fallow;
alternis cessare novales, Verg.
ceatrosphendone -es, f. (Kcorpoo-^ei'Sdw)),
an engine for hurling stones, Liv.
1. cestUS -i, m. (iceoTos), a girdle, esp. the
girdle of Venus, Mart.
2. cestus -us, in. v. caestus.
cetarius -a -um (cetus), relating to sea-fish,
particularly to the tunny-fish. I. Adj., Tac.
II. Subst. A. cetarius -ii, m. a fishmonger,
a dealer in sea-fish, particularly txinny-fish, Ter.
B. cetaria -ae, f. and cotarium -ii, n.
(ojTci'a), a bay in the sea where the tunny-fish col-
lected and were caught, Hor.
cite, v. cetus.
cetcroqul or ceteroquin, adv. otherwise,
else, Cic.
ceterua -a -um (= eVeooj), the other, the rest;
(iing. only used collectively, cetera classis, Liv. ;
nom. sing.masc. not found); usually found in
the plur. ceteri -ae -a ; omnes ceterae res, Cic. ;
et cetera or simply cetera, awl so on, Cic. ; adv.,
ceterum, for the rest, moreover, Cic. ; cetera, be-
sides, Cic. ; so, de cetero, Cic. ; ad cetera, Liv.
Cethegus -i, m. the name of an old patrician
family of the gens Cornelia, to which belonged C.
Cornelius Cethegus, a conspirator with Catiline,
put to death by Cicero.
cetra -ae, f. a small Spanish shield, Verg., Liv.
cetratus -a -um (cetra), armed with the cetra,
C*es., Liv.
cette, v. cedo.
cetus (xrJTos), ->, "i- aud cetos, plur. cete, n.
(icrJTea, contr. kt)ti)), any large sea-fish, the whale,
dolphin ; used esp. of tlie tunny-fish, Verg.
ceu, adv. (contr. from ce-ve, as neu from
neve), as, like us; ecu quum, as when, Verg.;
ceu si, as if, Verg. ; esp. in comparison, as if;
per aperta volans, ceu liber habeiiis, aequora,
Verg.
Ceutrones -um, ace. -as, in. 1. a people in
Gallia provincia ; 2, a people in Gallia Belgica.
Ceyx -ycis, m. (Ktjv£). I. king of Trnchin,
husband of Alcyone, changed with her into a king-
fisher, Ov. IL Plur., appel. ceyces -um, in.,
the male kingfishers, Plin.
Chaeronea -ae, f. (Xaipiiveia), a town in
Boeotia, birth-place of Plutarch, scene of a victory
of Philip of Macedon over the Athenians.
Chalcioecos -i, f. (XaA/ciWov, with the
brazen house, name of the Greek Athena), the
temple of Minerva.
Chalciope -es, f. (XaXKiomj), daughter of
Aeetes, sister of Medea, wife of Phryxus.
Chalcis -idis, f. (XaAia's), the chief city of
Euboea, on, the banks of the Euripus; hence adj.,
Chalcidfcus -a -um, Chalcidian ; versus,
poems of Euphorion, born at Chalcis, Verg. ; arx,
Cumae, said to have been a colony of Chalcis, Verg. ;
Chalcidensis -e, Chalcidian.
Cbalcitis -idis, f. (xaXiciTiv), copper ore, Plin.
Chaldaea -ae, f. (XaAScu'a), the south-west
part of Babylonia from the Euphrates to the
Arabian desert, the inhabitants of which were
famous for astrology and soothsaying; hence,
a, Cbaldaeus -a -um, Chaldaean; subst.,
Cbaldaei -orain, m. (XoASaioi), soothsayers,
Cic. ; b, Chaldaeicus -a -um, Chaldaic.
chalybelus -a -urn, made of steel, Ov.
Chalybes -uin, m. (XaAv0es), a people in
Pontus, famous for their steel.
chalybs -ybis, m. (xaAt»/<). A. steel ; vulnifi-
cus, Verg. B. Meton., articles made of steel;
a sword, Son. ; a horse's bit, Lucr. ; the tip of an
arrow, Lucr.
chamaeleon -onis and -ontis in. (\.apcu-
kiuv), the chamaeleon, Plin.
Chaones -um, m. (Xaovfs), a people of north-
western, Epirus ; hence adj., Chaonius -a -um,
Epirote ; pater, Jupiter, whose ora9ki was at Do-
dona, Verg. ; Chaonis -idis, f. Chaonian ; ales, -
the pigeon of Dodona, Ov.; arbos, the oak, Ov.
Chaonia -ae, f. the district ofChaonia.
chaos, ace. chaos, abl. chao (other cases not
found), n. (x<»os), 1, the lower world, Ov. ; per-
sonified, the father of Night and Erebus, Verg. ;
2, the shapeless mass out of which the universe
was made, chaos, Ov.
ohara -ae, f. a root, perhaps wild cabbage,
Caes.
Charlstia (caristia) -drum, n. (xapiVna), a
festival celebrated among the Romans on the 22nd of
February, the chief object of which was the recon-
cilement of family disagreements, Ov.
Charltes -um, f. (Xapires), the Graces (pur«
Lat. Gratiao), Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia,
Ov.
Charmadafc -ae, in. (XapnaSas), a disciple
of Carneades, belonging to the Academic school
(teaching at Athens, 109 B.C.).
Charon -ontis, m.(Xapwi>), Charon, the ferry-
man, who took the souls of the dead over the river
Styx.
Charondas ae, m. (XapwVSas), a celebrated
eiia
04
cib
legislator of Catana, living about the middle of
tlie seventh century B.C.
charta -ae, 1. (xapr>)s), a leaf of the Egyptian,
pajiyrtu. paper, I, A. Lit., charta dentata,
smoothed, cic. B. Melon., a, the papyrus plant,
Plln. ; b, that which is written upon it, a tetter,
j>oem, etc. ; nc chavta no* prodat, Cic. II.
Tralisf., fr thin leaf of any substance; plninbea,
Suet.
chartula -ae, f. (dim. of charta), a little
paper, a small writing, Cic.
Charybdis -is, f. (Xapvflin). a dangerous
whirlpool in the Sicilian straits, opposite the
rock Scylla, Cic. ; tig., anything voracious, greedy,
or destructive ; Charylxlim bonomm, voraginem
potius dixerim, Cic; quanta laborabas Charybdi,
Hor.
_ Cbatti (Catthi, Catti) -orum, m. (Xottoi). a
German people (in modern Hesse).
Chauoi -orum, m. a German people on the
SCtt-COOSt.
Chile -es, f. (xv^rj), plur. chelae, the arms of
the Scorpion in the signs of the Zodiac, and (since
these reach into the constellation of Libra)
Libra, Verg.
Chclidoniae insulae, islands on the coast of
J.ycia (lit. suxtllow islands), facing the Chelido-
liiaruni or Chelidonium promontorium.
chelydrus -i, m. (x<r'Av5pos), an amphibious
snake, \ erg.
chelys. ace. -ym and -yn, voc. -y, f. (\e'Au?),
1, the tortoise, Petr. ; and hence, 2, the lyre malic
of its shell (pure Latin, testudo), Ov.
Clierronesus and Chersonesus -i, f.
(Xeppovxaos), 1, a peninsula, Cic. ; 2, Thracia.
the Tfiracian peninsula on the Hellespont, Cic.
Cheruscl -Orum, in., o mople in North Ger-
many.
ehillarchus -i, m. (xiWpxns). lj « com-
mander of 1,000 soldiers, Tac.; 2, among the
Persians, the chancellor, or prime minister, Nop.
Chlmaera -ae, f. (xlpaipa, a goat), a fire-
breathing monster with the fore parts of a ii ,
the middle of a goat, and the hind parts of u
dragon, killed by Bellerophon. Adj., Chimaer-
eus -a -am,
chimaerifer -fera, -ferum (Chimaera and
fero), proilucing the Chimaera, an epithet of
Lycin.
Chione -es, f. (Xidn)\ L, mother of Eumnlpns
&?/ Neptune; whence Chlonides -ae, m. =
Eumolpns, Ov. ; 2, mother of Autolycus by Mer-
cury.
ClllOS or ChlUS -i, f. (Xi'os), an island in
the Aegean Sea (now Scio), famous for its wine;
hence adj., ChlUS -a -uni, Chian ; vinum,
Plant.; orsubst, Chium -i, II. Chian wine,
Hor. ; Chii -orum, in. the Chians, Cic.
chiragra -ae, f. (xeipavpa), the gout in the .
hands, Hor., Mart.
chirSgraphum -i, n. (xfipdypa<poi-), an
autograph, a person's own handwriting ; alicuius
chirogrnphuni imitaii, Cic.
Chiron, Chiro -onis, in. (Xci'pwi/), a centaur,
son of Saturn and Phillyra, the jircceptor of
Aesaihijiius, Jason, and Achilles, killedhy Hercules.
chironomos -i., c, ami chironomon
-ontis, in. (xeipoi'o/105, xftpuyo^wf), one who uses
the liiimls skilfully, a mime, Juv.
Chirurgia -ae. f. (xeipoupyi'a), surgery; fig
sed ego diaetu curare lliclpio, chirurgiae taedi i,
violent remedies, Cic.
chlamydatus -a -urn (chlamys), clothed in
the chlamys, Cic.
chlamys -ydis, f., and chlamyda -ae, t.
(x\up.vs), a large ujiper garment of wool, often
ot purple and gold, worn in Greece, Cic, Vcrg.
Chloris -Wis, f. (XAwpt?, the green one), a, =
Lat, Flora, the. goddess of flowers, Ov. ; b, a
Greek female nanw, Hor.
Choerilus -i, m. (Xoipi'Ao?), a poet who ac-
companied Alexander the Great in his Persian
expedition.
chdragium -ii, 11. (xop>jyioi'), the training of
a chorus, l'laut.
choragus -i., m. (xop>)y<k), he who supplies
the chorus and all appurtenances, Plant.
choraules -ae, m. (xopav'Aijs), a flute-player,
Mart.
chorda -ae, f. (\op5n), string, cat-gut (of a
musical instrument), Cic.
chorea -ae, f. (xopeu.), re dance to the sound
of the dancers voices, Verg.
choreus-i, m., and chorius -i.in.fooptios),'
the metrical foot— U) afterwards called a trochee,
Cic.
chorocitharistes -ae, m, (x°poia0ap«7Tris),
one who accompanies a chorus on the cithara,
Suet.
chorus -i, in. (xopds). I. a dance in a circle,]
a. choral dance; agitare, exercerc, Verg. II.
Meton., the persons singing and dancing, the
chorus,C\c. A. Lit., Dry aduin, Verg.; Nereidum,
Verg.; the chorus of a tragedy, Hor. B. Transf.,
a crowd, troop of any kind; Catilinam stipatum
choro juventutis, Cic.
Chronics -metis, m. an old miser in several
of the. plays of Terence.
Christianus -i, m. (XpumavdO, a Christian,
Tac.
Christus -i, m. (Xpiords), Christ, Tac, Plin..
chrdmis -is, m. (xpoMis)i a sea-Jish, Ov.
Chrysa -ae, f. and Chrysc -es, f. (XpuVij),
a town in Mysia, near which was a temple of
Apollo Smintheus.
Chrysas -ae, m. a river in Sicily, now Dit-
ta ino.
Chryses -ae, m. (Xpi'.<rr,?), the priest of Apollo
at Chrysa, whose daughter was a(7ried off by the
Greeks ; hence, Chryseis -Idos, f. 'Xpvo-nh),
the daughter of Chryses = Astynome.
ChrySippUS -i, in. (Xpv'criTT-Tro?), 1, Stoic
philosopher of Soli in Cilicia, b. 2S2,_b.o. ; 2,
freedman of Cicero's. Adj., Chryslppeus
-a -uni, of or belonging to Chrysippus.
Chrysis -Mis, f. (Xpixri?), name of one of the.
female characters in the Andria of Terence.
chrysolithus -i, in. and f. (xpuo-dAiOoO,
chrysolite, or topaz, Plin.
chrysdphrys, ace. -yn, f. (xpuVo^puj), re
kind ofsm-jhh with a golden spot over each eye, Ov.
chrysos -i, m. (xpucrds), gold, Plant.
chus, v. congius.
cibarius -a -11m (cibus), relating to food. A.
Lit., uva [used for eating only, not for wine, Plant.
Subflt., Clbaria ■OTum, n. food, rations, fodder;
corn allowed to provincial magistrates, Cic ; rations.
for soldiers, Cafts. B. Meton. (from the food
usually given to servants), ordinary, common;
panis, black bread, Cic.
cibatus -us, m. (cibo), food, nourishment,
riant.
cibo, 1. (cilms), to feed, Suet.
ciborium -ii, h, (jci/?<jpto><), and ciboria
-ae, f. literally, the seed pod of the Egyptian bean ;
and hence, a large drinking-vessel of similar
shape, Hor,
oib
05
em
Cibus -i, in. food for man and beast, nourish-
ment, fodder. I. Lit., A- Gen., cibum suniere,
Nep. ; subducorc, Cic. B. Esp., a, auiinalis,
nourishment that the lungs draw from the air,
Cic; b, bait; fallax, Ov, II. Transf., susten-
ance; quasi quidam hnmanitatis cibus, Cic.
Clbyra -ac, f. (K<.0v'p a )> a town in Pisidia ;
hence, A. Cibyrates -ae, c. of Oibyra. B.
Cibyraticus -a -mn, of or belonging to Cibyra.
cicada -ae, f. a cicada, or tree cricket, Verg. ;
expeetate cicadas, summer, Juv.
cicatricosus -a -urn (cicatrix), covered with
scars, Plant.
cicatrix -Icis, f. a scar, cicatrice; adversae or
execptae corpore adverso, wounds received in
front, and therefore honourable, Cic; the marks
of incisions in plants, Verg. ; the patch upon an
old shoe, Juv.; fig., refricare obductam jam rei-
publicae cicatrical!, Cic.
ciccum -i, n. (kikkos), the core of a pomegran-
ate; hence something worthless; ciccum 11011 inter-
duini, Plaut.
cicer -eris, n. a chick-pea, Hor.
Cicero -finis, in. name of a family of the gens
Tidlia, to which belonged, 1, M. Tullius Cicero,
the greatest Roman orator and writer, bom a.c.
100, at Arpinum, murdered at the command of
Antonius a.c. 4:s ; 2, Qu. Tullius Cicero, brother
of the aliove. Hence adj., Clccroiucuius -a
-mn, Ciceronian.
Cicones-um, in. (Kikoi-cs), a Thracian people.
ciconia -ac, f. 1, o stork, Hor., Ov. ; 2, a
gesture of ridicule, made by bending tlte fore-finger
into the shape of a stork's neck, Per.s.
cicur -liris, tame; bestia, Cic.
cicuta -ae, f. A. hemlock, Hor. B. Meton.,
1, poison extracted from the hemlock, Hor. ; 2, a
shepherd's piipe, made from the hemlock stalk,
Vcrfr
cieo, clvi, cTtum, 2. (connected with xi'u, Kii>eu>),
to cause to move, to move, shake. I. a, natura
omnia eiens et agitans motibus et mutationibus
suis, Cic. ; b, legal t.t., herctum ciere, to divide
the inheritance. Cic; c, yniguam ciere, togivenew
impulse to the battle, Liv. ; d, to disturb, agitate;
mare venfci et aurae cient, Liv. ; e, to summon to
battle; aliquettl ad anna, Liv.; f, to summon to
help; nocturnos manes carminibus, Verg. II.
a, to excite, to arouse; procellas proelia atque
aeies, Liv. ; seditioncs, Liv. ; b, to utter; gem-
itus, Verg.; c, toccdlby name; aliqucm magna
voce, Verg. ; pattern, name one's fatlver, i.e.,
prove one's free birth, Liv.
Cilicia -ae, f. (KiAixi'a), a country of Asia
Minor; hence adj., 1, Cilix -Icis, Cilician; pi.
Cilices -sin, in. the Cilicians; Cilissa -ae,
f., Cilician; spica, saffron, Ov. ; 2, Ciliclus -a
-urn, Cilician. Subst., Cilicium -li, n. a coarse
cloth, or covering made of Cilician goats' hair,
cilium -li, n. the eye-lid, Plin.
Cilia -ae, ace. -an, f. (Ki'AAa), a town in Aeolis.
Cilnius -a -um, Cilnia gens, a distinguished
Etruscan family, from which Maecenas was de-
scendetl.
Cimbri -ornm, in. (KiV/3poi), the Cimbrians,
a German tribe wlw invaded the Roman Empire
and were defeated by Marins; sing., Cimber
. -bri, m. a Cimbricui. Adj., Cimbricus -a -um,
Cimbrian.
cimex -icis, m, a bug, Cat. ; as a term of
reproach, Hor.
Ciminus -i, m. and Cimimus lacns, a lake
in Etruria near to a mountain of the same name.
Cimmerii -orum, m. (Ki/i^epioi). I. a
Thracian people, living on the bniericf. Adj.,
Cimmcrlus -a -um, Cimmerian. II, ft mythi-
cal people, living in the extreme Welt in darkness
and mist. Adj., Cimmerlus -a -um, Cimme-
rian = dark ; lacns, the lower world, Tib.
Cimolus -i, f. (Ki'/j<uAos), one of the Cyclades
Islands.
Cimon -Onis, m. (Kiixtov), an Athenian
general.
cinaedicus -a -um (cinaedus), unchaste,
Plant.
cinaedus -i, m. (xiVatSo?), one who indulges,
in unnatural lust, a, Plant., Cat. Adj., cin-
aedus -a -um — bold, shameless; homo cinaeda
fronte, Mart. ; b, a wanton, dancer, Plant.
Cinara -ae, f. (Kivapa), a, aw island in lli&i
Aegaean Sea; b, a woman's name, Hor.
1. cincinnatus -a -am (cincinnus), having
curled hair, Cic. ; of comets, stellae eas quas
Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant, Cic i
2. Cincinnatus -i, m. the name of a patrician '
family oftlie gens Quinctia, to which belonged L.
Quinctius Cincinnatus, a type of old Roman hon->
esty and simplicity, consul 460 B.C., in 458 B.C.
called from the plough to be dictator.
Cincinnus -i, in. (xtWyo?). A. curled hair,
a lock of hair, Cic. B. Transf., artificial rhetor-
ical ornament, Cic.
Cincius -a -um, name of a Roman gens. I.-
L. Cincius Alimentus, annalist at the time of the
Second Punic War. II. M. Cincius Alimentus,-.
tribune of the people, 205 B.C., author of the lex.
Cincia forbidding advocates to receive pay.
cinctura -ae, f. (cingo), a girdle, Suet.
cinotus -iis, m. (cingo), a girding ; 1, Ga-
binus, a particular way of wearing the toga, at,
religious festivals, in which one end was thrown .
over the head, and the other passed round the
waist, so as to look like a girdle, Liv. ; 2, a
girdle, Suet.
cinctutus -a -um (cinctus), girded, Hor., Ov.
cincfactus -a -um (cinis and facio), changed
into ashes, Lucr.
cinerarius -li, m. (cinis), a slave who lieated
in hot ashes the irons for the hair-dresser, Cat.
Cinga -ae, m. a tributary of the Iberus in
Hispania Tarraconensis, now Cinca.
Cingetorix -rigis, m. I. a prince of the-
Treveri in Gaul. II. a prince in Britain.
cingo, cinxi, cinctum, 3. to surround. I. in'
a narrow sense, 1, to surrmmd the body with a'
girdle, to gird; pass, cingi, as middle, to gird
oneself; a, ciucta conjux l)ialis, Ov. ; b, to gird
oneself with a weapon; ense, Ov. ; gladio, Liv.;
poet, with ace, inutile ferrum cingitur, Verg.;
hence cingor, to be prepared, ready, Plant. ; 2, to'
surround the head with a chaplet, to crown; cinge
tempore lauro, Hor.; anuli cingunt lacertos, >
Mart. II. in a wider sense, to sun-ound, en-
circle ; 1, of localities, to surround, inclose; tellus
ores maris undique cingens, Lucr.; colles cin-
gunt oppidum, Caes. ; milit. t. t., to surround
with hostile intent or for protection ; hiberna.
castra vallo, Caes. ; urbem obsidione, Verg -j
transf., Sicilia multis undique cincta pericuGs,
Cic ; 2, to surround a person in society, accom-
pany ; cingere alicui latus, Liv. ; 3. to circle^
rouwl a place; polum coetu (of swans), Verg.
cingula -ae, f. (cingo), a girdle, Ov.
1, cingulum -i, n. (cingo), a girdle, a sivori.,
belt (plur.), Verg.
2. Cingulum -i, n. a town in Picenum.
cingulus -i, m. (cingo), a girdle of the earth,
a xone, Cic,
oiii
96
Ott
cJnlflo -onis, m. = cinerarius, Hor.
cinis -Sris, in., rarely f. (connected with
it-jrn), ashes. I. Lit., A. Gen., inciiiereni dilabi,
to become, aslies, Hor. ; from tlic use of ashes for
scouring came the jhov. huiua sermo cinerem
liauil quaeritat, Plant. B. Esp., 1, the. ashes of
a corpse after being burned ; cinis atque ossa ali-
Cllius, Cic; 2, ruins' of a city that has been
lUrnt; patriae cineres, Vera. II. Transf., as
a symbol of destruction ; Troja virum atque vir-
tutum omnium acerba cinis, the grave, Cat.
Cinna -ae, m. the name of a family of the
Cornelii and Helvii. I. I.. Cornelius Cinna,
partisan of Marius in the civil war against Sulla,
noted for his cruelty. Adj., Clnnanus -a -Bin,
Cinnan, II. son of I., one of Caesar's murderers.
III. son, of II., twice jxirdoned by Augustus.
IV. C. Helvius Cinna, a poet, the friend of
Catullus.
olanamomum or cinnamum -i, n. (#ew
vanufiov, Kivvajiov), cinnamon, Ov. ; as a term of
endearment, Plaut.
Cinyps -yphis, m. (Kmi^), a river in Libya,
between the. two Syrtes ; hence adj., Cinyphius
•a -urn, 1, relating or belonging to the Cinyps,
Verg. ; 2, African, Ov. •
Clnyras -ae, m. (Kivvpas), a mythical king
of Assyria or Cyprus, father of Myrrha, and by
her of Adonis. Adj., Cinyreius -a -urn, Ciny-
rean ; virgo, Myrrha, Ov.; juvenis, Adonis, Ov.
Clos and Cius -ii, f. (i Kio?), a town in
Bithynia, now Ghio ; hence, Clani -orum, ni.
the inhabitants of Cuts.
cippus -i, m. 1, a tombstone or small tomb,
Hor. ; 2, plur. milit. t. t., palisades, Caes.
circa (contr. for circum ea). I. Adv., round
about; gramen erat circa, Ov.; hence, circa esse,
to be round about, in the neighbourhood, Liv. ;
sometimes directly connected with the subst.
without esse, multarum circa civitatum, Liv. ;
omnia circa or circa undique, all things around,
Liv. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of space, a, around,
at the side of; ligna contulerunt circa casam,
Nep. ; b, round about to; legatos circa vicinas
gentes niisit, Liv. ; o, in the neighbourhood of,
near to; tcmpla circa forum, Cic. ; d, around or
in company of a person ; trecentos juvenes circa
se habebat, Liv.; 2, of time, about; circa ean-
dem horam, Liv. ; lucem, Suet. ; Demetrium, about
the time of Demetrius, Quint. ; 3, of number
= circiter, about ; ea fuere oppida circa septua-
ginta, Liv.; 4, about, in respect to; circa bonas
artcs publica socordia, Tac.
circamoerlum -ii, n. = pomoerium (q.v.),
Liv.
Circe -es and -ae, ace. -am, abl. -a, f. (Kipxg),
an enchantnss who lived in the neighbourhood
of Circeji, where she turned her victims into
swine, mother of Telegonus by Ulysses; hence
adj., Circaeus -a -um, Oircean; poculum, en-
chanted, Cic. ; moenia, Tusculum, said to have
been built by Telegonus, Hor. ; litus, the promon-
tory of Circeji, Ov.
Circeji -orum, m. the town of Circeji on a
promontory of the same name in Latium. Adj.,
CircejenBis -e, of or belonging to Circeji.
circensis -e (circus), belonging to the circus ;
lndi, the games in the circus, Cic. Subst., cir-
censes -ium, m. (sc. ludi), the circus games, Sen.
circlnc, 1. (cireinus), to make round, to foi-m
into a circle, Plin.; poet., easdem circinat auras,
flits thrcnigh in a circle, Ov.
cireinus -i, m. (xipKivot), a pair of compasses
for describing a circle, Caes.
Circiter, adv. (circus). L Of place, about,
near, Phut. II. Transf., 1, of time, a, adv.
with abl., media circiter nocte, Caes. ; b, prep,
with ace, circiter Calendas, Cic.; 2, of number,
about ; circiter CCXX naves, Caes.
circlus = circulus (q.v.).
circueo, v. circumeo.
circuitio and circumltio -onis, f. (cir-
cueo, circumeo), 1, a going round; milit 1. t.
patrol, Liv.; 2, a roundabout wuy of speak-
ing or acting; quid opus est circumitione et
amfractn, Cic.
circuitus (circfimitus), -us, m. (circueo =
circumeo), a going round in a circle, circuit,
revolution. I. Abstract., A. Lit., circuitus
orbis, Cic. B. Transf., iniri sunt orbes et quasi
circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum et
vicissitudinum, Cic. II. Concrete, a, the path
traversed in going round, a roundabout way, cir-
cuitous course; longo circuitu petere aliquem
locum, Caes., Liv.; b, in rhetoric, a period, Cic. ;
C, compass, circumference, extent ; eius munitionis
circuitus XI inilia passuum tenebat, Caes.
circulatim, adv. (circulor), circle-wise, in a
circle, Suet.
circulor, 1. dep. (circulus), a, to gather in
groups for conversation, Caes. ; b, to enter a
group, to converse, Cic.
circulus (syncop. circlus) -i, ni. (dim. of
circus), a circle, circular figure. I. circulus aut
orbis, qui k6kXo<; Graece dicitur, Cic. ; priusquani
lioc circulo excedas, Liv. ; hence, the orbit of u
planet ; stellae circulos suos orbesque coniiciunt
celeritate mirabili, Cic. II. Esp., a, any circu-
lar body ; flexilis obtorti circulus auri, poet. = a
golden collar, Verg. ; circulus muri exterior, Liv.;
b, a circle or group for conversation ; circulos
aliquos et sessiunculas consectari, Cic.
circum (prop. ace. of circus = ki'pkos, in, a
circle). I. Adv. round about, around; quae
circum essent, Caes. ; circum sub moenibus,
Verg. ; circum undique, round about, on all sides,
Verg. II. Prep, with ace. A. round, about;
terra circum axem se convertit, Cic. B. round
about, near, in the vicinity of, around ; circum
aliquem esse, to be in any one's company, Cic. ;
habere aliquem circum se, Sail. ; circum haec
loca coinmorabor, Cic. ; urbes quae circum
Capuam sunt, Cic. ; circum pedes, in attendance,
Cic. ; used with verbs of motion, circum villulas
nostras errare, Cic; legatio circum insulas
missa, Liv. (circum sometimes after the subst.
which it governs, Cic, often in Verg.).
circumactus -a -um, partic. of circumago.
circumago -egi -actum, 3. I. A. to drive or
turn round, to drive in a circle, hence a technical
term for the manumission of a slave, because
his master took him by the right hand, ami
turned him round, Sen. B. Transf., of time,
circumagi or circumagere se, to jmss away, to he
spent ; annus se circuniegit, Liv. II, to turn or
tvnst round. A. Lit., equos frenis, Liv. ; cir-
cumagente sc vento, Liv. B. Transf., quo te
eireumagaa? how wilt thou evade the difficulty?
Juv. III. to lead or drive about from one place
to another. A. Lit., hue illuc clamoribus host-
ium circumagi, Tac. ; nihil opus est te circumagi,
follow me about, Hor. B. Transf., to drive
about, distract, mislead ; rumoribus vulgi cir-
cumagi, Liv.
circumaro, to plough round, Liv.
circumcaesura ae, f. the external outline of
a body, Lucr.
circumculo -cidi -clsum, S. (circum and
caedo), to rut round, to cut, trim. A. Lit., nrs
agricolarum quae lircumcidat, Cic. ; caespitem
gladiis, Caes. B. Transf., to make lest, In/
cutting, diminish, cut of; nmltitudinem, Cic;
sumptus, Liv.
oii«
D7
oil*
eircumcirea, adv., all round about, ap. Cic,
Piaut.
circumcisus -a -am, p. adj. (from circura-
ctilo), of localities, abrupt, steep, inaccessible,
saxum, Cic. ; collis ex omni parte circumcisus,
Caes.
ctrcumcludo -clilsi -clusnm, 3. 1, to shut in,
enclose on all sides, surround; cornua argento,
Caes; 2, to surround in a hostile manner; cir-
cumcluili duobus exercitibus, Caes. ;_ transf.,
Catilina meis praesidiis, mea diligentia circum-
elusus, Cic.
circumcolo, 3. to dwell around, dwell near,
Liv.
circumcurso, 1. (intens. nf circumcurro),
to runrouud, Plant., Lucr,, Cat.
ciroumdo -d&li -datum, 1, surround. I. A.
to put something ruwul something else; with ace,
of the tiling placed, and dat, of the thing round
which it is placed, tcctis ac moenibus subjicere
ignea circumdareque, Cic. ; anna humeris, Verg. ;
in tmesis, collo dare hrachia circum, Verg. B.
Transf. to supply, paci egregiam famam, Tac.
C. to build or place round ; murum, Caes. ; equi-
les cornibus, Liv. II. to surround something
with something else ; with ace. and abl. A. Lit.
aniniuni corpore, Liv.; tempora vittis, Ov. ;
regio insulis circuindata, Cic. B. to surround
in a hostile manner; omnem aciem suain redis
et earns, Caes. ; oppidum corona, Liv. C.
Transf., exiguis quilmsdam finibus totum ora-
toris inumis, Cic.
circumduct) -dnxi -duetuin, 3. I. to lead
round, move or drive round. A. exercitum,
Plant. ; aratrum (of the founding of a colony
when a plough was driven around the site of the
wall), Cic. ; flumen ut circino circumductum,
Caes. B. to lead round, to lead by a round-about
course; 1, lit., ROhortes qnatuor longiore itin-
ere, Caes.; absol., praeter castra hostimn eir-
Cllinducit, lie marches round, Liv.; 2, transf.,
a, to leail astray, deceive, Plant.; b, of dis-
course, to extend, amplify, Quint. II. to lead
■round about, to tale tonnd; aliquem omnia
sua praesidia circumdncere, atque ostentare,
Caea.
circumductio -finis, f. (cirenmdnco), cheat-
ing, deceiving, Plant.
circumductus -a -nm, partic. nf circum-
duco.
Circiimeo (circueo) -ivi or -ii -Hum -ire, to
go, travel, or walk round. I. A. Gen., 1, in,
a circle. ; flagrantes aras, Ov. ; hostimn rastra,
f.'aes. ; 2, a, to go round in a curve ; utetam fer-
vi'nti rota, ()v. ; b, transf., (a) to cheat, Ter. ; (j3)
to express Ivy circumlocution; Vespasiani nomen
siispensi et vitabundi circiunibant, avoided
•mentioning, Tac. B. to enclose, surround; aciem
a latere aperto, Caes. ; fig., in pass., circuiniri
totius belli fluctibiis, Cic. II. to go the round,
go about. A. ipse eqno circumiens unuin quem-
<iue noniinans appellat, Sail.; urbem, Liv. ; pleb-
em, Liv. ; praedia, to visit, Cic. ; oram maris,
Cic; vigilias, Liv. B. Esp., to go round to can-
vass or solicit; senatum cum veste sordida, Liv. ;
circumire ordines et liortari, Caes.
circurnequito, 1. to ride round; moenia,
Liv.
circumerro, 1. to wander round, Sen.
circumfero -ttili -latum -ferre, to carry
round, bring round. I. 1, circumferuntur tab-
ulae inspiciendi nominis causa, Cic; poculum
circumfertur, Liv. ; 2, to sjrrecul around ; circa
ca omnia templa infestos ignes, Liv.; incendia
etcaedes et terrorem, Tac; bellum, Liv.; 3,
to move round, turn in all directions (of a part
of the body, esp. the eyes) ; oculos, Liv. ; 4,
to spread a report, disseminate news) quae 80
circumferat esse Corinnam, Ov. II. to carry
round in a circle ; 1, middle, sol Ut circumfer*
atur, revolves, Cic. ; 2, religious t. t., to lus-
trale, purify, by carrying round consecrated
objects ; socios pura circumtulit uuda, Verg.
circumflecto -flexi -flexura, 3. to bend
round, to turn about ; longos cursus, Verg.
circumfl.o, 1, to blow round; fig., ut ab om-
nibus ventis invidiae circumflari posse videatur, \
Cic.
circumfluo -fluxi -fluxum, 3 I. to flow
round, Ov. II. A. to overflow; tig., nee ea re-
dundans tamen nee circumfluens orati" diffuse,
Cic. B. Transf. to abound in; circumfluere
omnibus copiis. Cic. ; gloria, Cic.
circumfluus -a -urn (circumfluo), 1, act.,
flowing round, circumfluent; humor, Ov. ; 2,
pass., flowed round, surrounded by water; in-
sula, Ov.
circumforaneus -a -nm (circum and for-
um), 1, round the forum; aes, money borrowed
from the bankers whose shops were round the
forum = debt, Cic. ; 2, attending at markets; ,
pharmacopeia, Cic.
circumfundo -fudi -fusuin, 3. to pour
around. I. A. Lit., gen. in pass., circuinfundi,
or reflexive, se circuinfundere, to be poured round
= to surround; with dat., amnis circumfun-
ditur parvae insulae, Liv. B. Transf., of per-
sons, iefl., se circuinfundere, or simply circuin-
fundere, (o flock round; with dat., equites Han-
noni Afiisque se circumfudere, Liv. ; so pass.,
as middle, circumfunditur equitatus Caesaris,
Caes. ; of things, undique circtunfusis molestiis
or|voluptatibus, Cic. II. to encompass, surround.
A. Lit., 1, act., i^ortuum cera, Nep. ; 2, pass.,
to be washed by; parva quaedam insula est cir-
cumfusa illo mari quern oceanum appellatis, Cic.
B. Transf., to surround, encircle, hem in; prae-
fectum caatrorum et lcglonarios milltescircuin-
fnndnnt, Tac; gen. in pass., multls circnm-
fusns Stoicorum librls, Cic.
oircumgemo, 3. to growl round about ; ovile,
Hor.
ciroumgesto, 1. to carry round; epistolam,
Cic.
circumgredlor -gressus sum -grfidi (cir-
cum and gradior), to go round, travel round,
especially with hostile intent ; exereitnm, Sail. ;
terga, Tac.
circumicio = circnmjieio (q.v.).
circuminjicio, 3. to throw around ; vallum,
Liv.
circumjaceo, 2. to lie roundabout, adjoin;
quaeque circumjacent Europae, Liv.
clrcumjectus -us, m. (circnmjieio). I. a
surrounding, enclosing; qui (aether) tenero ter-
ram circumjectu amplectitur, Cic. II. Meton.,
ut ita munita arx circumjectu arduo niteretur,
Cic.
circumjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (circum and
jacio); 1, to throw round, put round; multitu-
dinein hominum totis moenibus, Caes. ; hence of
localities, clrcumjectus -a -um, surrowuling,
adjacent ; nationes, Tac. ; aediflcia circumjecta
niuris, Liv. ; 2, aliquid aliqua re, to surround,
enclose with anything, Cic; circumjicere extrem.
itatem coeli rotundo ambitu, Cic.
circumlavo -are and -ere, to wash round, to
overflow round, Sail.
circumligo, 1. 1, to bind round, bind to;
natani mediae liastae, Verg. ; 2, to bind round
with ; forrnm stuppa, Liv. ; circumligatum esse
angui, Cic.
clrcumlino, no perf. -lltum, 3. and aim
iiiV
98
oir
cil'CUtnlinlo -lluli, 4. 1, to smear anything
on anything; sulfura taedis, Ov. ; 2, to besmear
with anything, to cover; circumlitus auro, Ov. ;
circunilita saxa limsco, Hor.
circumliio, 3. to wash round, flow round ;
quo (nwri) In paeninsulae modum para major
(a re is) circumhiitur, Liv.
circumlustrans -anti 5 ;, illuminating all
round, Lucr.
circumluvio -onis, f. (circumluo), the for-
mation of an island by the encroachment of a
river, Cic.
circummitto -inisi -missum, 3. I. to send
by a roundabout way, to send round; tribuno
cum duorum signorum militibus eircummisso,
Liv. II. to send- round about, to send in all di-
rections ; legationes, Cars.
circummunio (cirenmmoenio, Plant.), 4.
to fortify round, to wall round, to shut in by
lines of circumrallation ; Uticam vallo, Caes.
circummunitio -Onis, f. (circummunio),
the investing or ciraunvaltation of a fortress, Caes.
circumpadanus -a -urn, round about the
Po, near the river Po ; campi, Liv.
circumplaudo, 3. to clap or applaud on all
sides; aliquem, Ov.
circumplector -plexus, 3. dep. to embrace,
enclose, surround ; doniini patrimonium circum-
plexua quasi thesaurum draco, Cic. ; collem
opere, Caes.
circumplico, 1. to fold round, wind round;
si anguem vectis circumplicavisset, Cic.
circumpono -pGsui -pGsitum, 3.' to place or
•put round, encircle; nemus staguo, Tac. ; piper
catillis; Hor.
circumpotatio -onis, f. (circum and poto),
drinking round in succession, ap, Cic
circumretio, 4. (circum and rete), to enclose
in a net, ensnare; transf., aliquem, Lucr.; to
circimirctitum frequentia populi Romani video,
Cic
circumrodo -rosi, 3. tognaw round ; esram,
Plin. ; transf., dudum cnim circumrodo quod
devorandum est, / have long hesitated to speak
out, Cic; qui dentc Theonino quuni cirenm-
roditur, slandered, Hor.
circumsaepio -saeptns, 4. to hedge round,
enclose; corpna armatia, Liv.
circumscindo, 3. to tear off, strip ; quo
ferocins clamitabat, eo infeatins circiimacindcre
et spoliare lictor, Liv.
circumscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to de-
scribe a circle round, to enclose in a circular line.
I. Lit., orbem, Cic. ; stantein virgula, Cic. II.
Transf. A. to draw the outline of an object, to
fix the boundaries of; locum habitandi alicui,
Cic. B. to draw together, confine, limit, circum-
scribe, hanijier, restrain; trilmnum plebis, Cic.
C. 1, to take in, deceive, circumvent, ensnare;
fallacious et, captioaia Interrogationibua circum-
scripti, Cic. ; 2, to defraud ; adoleacentuloa,
Cic. ; vectigalia, to embezzle, Quint. ; 3, to put
aside as invalid, invalidate, annul; scntentias,
Cic.
circumscripta, adv. (cirenmscriptus), in
rhetorical periods; eircumscriptc numeroseque
dicere, Cic.
circumscriptio -onis, f. (circumscribo),
erxirdivg. I. Lit., concrete, circumference, Cic.
XX. Trsnsf., A. outline, boundary; 1, .
terrae, Cic. ; temporis, limit, Cic. ; 2, in rln
a period, Cic. B. deceit, swindling, defrauding,
esp. in pecuniary matters ; ndolcscentium, Cic.
circumscriptor -oris, m. (circumscribo),
a cheat, swindler, Cic.
circumscriptus -a -urn. p. adj. (front
circumscribo), concise; brcvis ct circumscripta
quaedam explicatio, Cic.
oircumscco -scctum, 1, tu cut round about ;
oliquid serra, Cic.
circumsedeo -sedi -aeasum, 2. I. Gen., to
sit round, Sen. II. Esp., to surround with.
hostile intent, besiege, beleaguer ; aliquem vallo,
Cic; transf., a lacrimia omnium circumsessus,
assailed, Cic.
circumsessio -onis,-f. (circumsedeo), an
encircling with hostile intent, a beleaguering, Cic.
circumsido -sedi, 3. to sit doivn before a
place, besiege; oppidum, Sail.
circumsilio, 4. (circum and salio), to leap
or jump round; (passer) eircumsiliens, Cat.;
transf., tosurroimd; morborumomne genus, Juv.
circuinsisto -st6ti, or (more rarely) -stiti,
3. to place oneself round, to surround. A. Gen.,
aliquem, Caes. B. Esp., to surround hostility,
press round ; plures paucos circumsistebant,
Caes. ; sex lietores circumsistunt, Cic.
circumsono -sonui -sonatum, 1, a, to sound
around; clamor hostes circumsonat, Liv.; b, to
echo with; locus qui circumsonat ululatibus,
Liv. ; talibus aures tuas vocibus uudiquc cir-
cunisonarc, Cic.
circumsonus -a -urn (circumsono), sound-
ing around ; turba canum, Ov.
circumspectatrix -Icis, f. (circumspecto),
a female who loolcs round about, Plant.
circumspectio -onis, f. (circumspicio),
foresight, circumspection, caution; circumspectio
aliqua et accurate conaideratio, Cic.
Circumspecto, 1. (frcq. of circumspicio),
to look' around. I. Intransit., to look round re-
peatedly ; circumspectant bestiae in pastu, Cic. ;
tig., dubitans, circumspectana, hacsitaris, Cic.
II. Transit, a, to look round at, esp. wiOi anxiety
or suspicion ; omnia, Cic. ; patriciorum vultus,
Liv.; b, to look round to seek for something or
somebody ; cirenmapectare omnibus fori partibua
senatorem raroqne usquam nosci tare, Liv.; c, to
wait fur, watch for; defectionis tempus, Liv.
1. circumspectus -a -nm, p. adj. with
compar. and supurl. (from circumspicio), 1,
pass., of things, deliberate, well considered ; verba
circumspccta, Ov. ; 2, active, of persons, cir-
cumspect, cautious, Sen.
•2. circumspectus -us, m. (circumspicio),
1, looking round, Plin.; transf., atttution to;
detinere aliquem ab cirenmapectu rerum alia-
runi, Liv. ; 2, prospect, view on every side, Cic.
circumspicio -spexi -apectnm, 3. to look
round. I. Intransit. A. qui in auspicium ad-
hibetur nee suspicit nee eircumspicit, Cic. ; cir-
CUinspicit (looks round anxiously), aestuat, Cic
B. Transf., to consider; circumspicite celeriter
animo qui sint rerum exitus consecuti, Cie. II.
Transit., to look round at. A, 1, lit., lirbis
situm, Liv.; 2, transf., to consider carefully;
omnia pericula, Cic. B. to look around for; 1,
lit., Caes.; saxum ingens, Verg. ; 2, transf., to
look for, seek for ; externa auxilia, Tac.
Circumsto -steti, 1. I. to stand round or
i'u a circle, to surround, encircle; sellam, Liv.;
hence partic. snbst., circumatantes, the by-
Stan lers, Liv. II. tu surround with hostile in-
tent, to belcagii r. A. Lit., circumstarc tribunal
praetoris urbaui, obsiderc cum gladiis curiam,
Cic. B. Transf., qnuni taut i undique tcrrores
cirenmstarent, Li \-.
circumstrcpo -strepiii -strepltum, 3. to
roar, make a noise round, sliout clamorously
around ; legatua clainore seditiosorum circum-
Oil 4
90
eit
Strepitur, Tac. ; with ace, quidam atrociora
circuinstrepcbant, Tac.
circumstruo -struxi -structuin, 3. to build
rinaid, Suet.
circumsurgens -entis, rising round, Tac.
circumtego, 3. to cover all round, Lucr. (?).
circumtero, 3. to rub against on all sides;
poet., to crowd round, Tib.
circumtextus -a -urn, woven all round;
ciieumtextuin croceo velameii aeantho, Verg.
circumtono -tomli, X- to thunder round;
qua totum Kerens circumtonat orbeni, Ov.
circumtonsus -a -tun, 1, shaven or shorn
all round, Suet.; 2, transf., of discourse, arti-
ficial, Sen.
circumvado -vasi, 3. to attack from every
side, to surround. I. Lit., immobiles naves cir-
cumvadunt, Liv. II. Transf., cum terror cir-
cumvasisset aciem, Liv.
circumvagus -a -urn, wandering round, or
in a circle; Oceanus, Hor.
circumvallo, 1. to surround with a wall, or
fortification, to blockade, beleaguer; oppidum,
Caes. ; Poinpeium, Cic. ; fig., tot res repente cir-
cumvallant, Ter.
circumvectio -onis, f. (circuinvehor), 1, a
carrying round of merchandise; portorium cir-
cunivectionis, transit dues, Cic; 2, soils, circuit,
revolution, Cic.
circumvector, 1. dep. (intens. of circum-
velior), 1, to ride, or sail round; Ligumin oras,
Liv.; 2, poet.,- to go through, describe; singula
duin circuinvectaimir, Verg.
circumvehor -vectus, 3. dep., 1, to ride nr
sail round; jubet circumvectos (equites), ab
tergo Gallicain iuvadere aciein, Liv. ; navibua
circum vecti, Caes.; with ace, cum elasseCorsicae
oram, Liv. ; transf., frustra circumvehor omnia
verbis, try to describe at once, Verg. ; 2, to ride
or sail in every direction, Liv.
. circumvelo, 1. to veil or conceal on all sides;
aurato circnmvelatur ainictu, Ov.
circumvenio -veni -ventum,-. 4. to come
round, surround, encircle. I. Gen. A. Of per-
sons, homines circumventi flamma, Caes. B.
Of places, Rlienus modicas insulas circumveu-
iens, Tac. II. to surround with hostile intent.
A. Lit., 1, of persons, hostes a tergo, Caes. ; 2,
of things, cuncta moenia exercitu, Sail. B.
Transf., 1, to beset, oppress, assail; aliquem judicio
capitis, Cic; 2, to cheat; innocentein pecunia,
Cic.
circumversor, l. dep., to twist or turn
round, Luer.
circumverto (-vorto) -verti (-vorti)-versmn
(-vorsuni), 3. A. to turn, twist round; rota per-
petuum qua circum vertitur axein, Ov. ; lnancip-
ium, to manumit, Quint. B. Transf., to de-
fraud; qui me argento circumvortant, Plant.
oircumvestio, 4. to clothe all round, poet,,
ap. Cic.
circumvincio -vinctus, 4. to bindall round,
Plant.
oircumviso, 3. to look all round, Plaut.
circumvolito, 1. 1, to fly round; lacus cir-
cumvolituvit liirundo, Verg. ; 2, transf., to rove
about, hover round; circuinvolitant equites,
Lucr.
Oircumvolo, 1. to fly round; aliquem atris
alis (of death), Hor.
circumvolvo -volvi -volfitum, 3. to roll
round; sol magnum circumvolvitur annum, co?u-
pletes its annual course, Verg.
circus -i. m. (ki'pkos). I. a circular line;
candens, the milky way, Cic. -II. a circus, hippo-
drome. A. in Home ; 1, Circus Maximus, or
Circus, the grcui cirCUS or racecourse in Home, sur-
rounded, by galleries which accommodated 150,000
spectators, Liv. ; 2> Circus Flaminius, outside
the town, Cic, B. a circus in other places ; 1,
Circus niaritimus at Anagnia, Liv. ; 2, any circus
or place wheregames arc held, Verg.
Ciris -is, f. (xeipis), a bird, into which Scylla,
daughter of Nisus, was transformed, Ov.
cirratus -a -urn (cirrus), curled, crisi>cd r
Mart.
Cirrha -ae, f. (Ki'ppa), a city of Phocisi the
port of Delphi, sacred to Apollo ; hence, Cirr-
hacus -a-um, relating to Cirrha or Apollo.
cirrus -i, m., 1, a lock, curl, or ringlet of
hair, Juv. ; 2, the fringe of a garment, Phaedr.
Cirta -ae, f. (Klpra.), a town of Kumidia.
cis, prep., with ace. (connected with is and
hie, with demonstrative c prefixed), on this side ;
l f of place, cis Taurum, Cic. ; 2, of time, cis
dies paucos, within a few days, Sail.
cisalpinus -a -um, on this side (the Roman),
i.e., the south side oftlie Alps ; Gallia, Caes.
cisium -ii., n. a light two-wheeled gig, Cic
cisrhenanus -a -um, on this side the Rhine;
Germani, Caes.
Cisseus -6i, m. (Ki<r<reus), king of Thrace,
father of Hecuba; hence Cisscis -Idis, f. (Kto--
otji's), daughter of Cisseus, Hecuba.
cista -ae, f. (kiVtij), a chest, casket for keeping
money, fruit, books, etc., Cic. ; for sacred uten-
sils, Tib. ; a ballot-box, Plin. • -
cistella -ae, f. (dim. of cista), a little chest,
or casket, Plant.
cistellatrix -Tcis, f. (cistella), the female
slave whose basihess it was to keep the cash-box,
Plaut.
cistellula -ae, f. (dim. of cistella), a little
casket, Plaut.
. cisterna -ae, f. a subterranean reservoir, a
cistern; piscinae cistemaeque servandis iinbrib-.
us, Tac.
cistifcr -fSri, im (cista and fero), one who
carries a box or chest, Mart. •
cistophorus -i, in. (*«TTo</>opo«), an Asiatic
coin worth about four drachmae, so called from
the impression of a cista upon it ; in eistophora
in Asia habeo ad IIS. bis et vicies, in Asiatic
coinage, Cic.
cistula -ae, f. (dim. of eista), a caslcet, Plaut.
citatim, adv. (citatus), quickly, hastily, Cic
citatus -a -um, p. adj. with coinpar. and
superb (from cito), quick, rapid, speedy ; Rhenus
per lines Trevirorum citatus fertur, Caes.; citato
equo or citatis equis, at full gallop, Liv.
citer -tra-trum(eis), on thisside. I. Positive,
Cato. II. Com par., citcrlor -us, genit. -oris,
on this side. A. Gallia, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ad
haec citcriora veniam et notiora nobis, more
closely concerning us, Cic. ; 2, of time, earlier ;
citeriores nondum audiebamus, Cic .HI. Su-
perl., cltimus or citumus -a -um, very near,
nearest; stella ultima a caelo citima . terris,
Cic^
Cithacron -onis, in. (KiSaipwv), a mountain
in the south-west of Boeotia, scene of the Bacchic
orgies.
cithara -ae, f. (xifldpa). A. a foiir-stringed
instrument, Hor. B. Meton., 1, the mwsic of
the cithara, Hor. ; 2, the art of playing the
cithara, Hor. .
citharista -ae, hi. (ki9opktt^«)» a player on
the cWuira, Ter. "... :.-.*•* *
eit
100
ola
citharifltria -ae, f. (ia0api<rrpia), a female
player on the cithara, Ter.
cltharizo, l. {Ki$apifa), to play the cithara,
Nep_.
citharoedlcus -a -um (KifapwStKd;), relating
to the citharoedus, Suet.
citharoedus -i, m. (/aBapySot), one who
sings to the cithara, Cic.
Citlura -ii, n. (Kinov), a maritime city of
Cyprus, birthplace of the Stoic philosopher, Zeno ;
hence, A. Cltlensls -e, belonging to Citium.
B. Cltieus -a -urn, belonging to Citium. C.
CltleUS -Ji, m. of Citium ; Zeno, Cic.
1. clttf, comp. citius, sup. cltissime, adv.
(citus). A. (pxickly, speedily, Cic. ; cito discere
aliquid, Cic. B. Transf., a, non cito, not easily,
Cic; b, compar., citius quam, sooner than, Cic.
2. cito, 1. (freq. of cio = cieo). I. to put
into violent mot ion, hence to cite, summon; a, the
senate; patres in curiam, Liv. ; b, the people to
vote; in cainpo Martio centuriatim populum,
Liv. ; c. the. knights ; "Cita," inquit Nero, "M.
Livium, Liv. ; d, the citizens to take tlie oath of
military allegiance; citati milites noininatini
apud tribunes militum in verba P. Scipionis
juraverunt, Liv. ; e, in a court of justice, (a) the
jury ; si Lysiades citatus judex non respondent,
Cic. ; (/3) the prosecutor ,or defendant ; citat reum,
non respondet ; citat accusatorem, Cic. ; omnes
ii ab te capitis C. Rabirii nomine citantur,
Cic. ; (y) a witness ; in hanc rem te, Naevi, testem
citabo,Cic; transf., quamvisciteturSalamis clar-
issiinae testis victoriae, Cic. ; (6) the condemned;
praeconis audita vox citantis nomina damnat-
orura, Liv. ; f, to call upon a god for help ; ali-
quem falso, Ov. IL a, to shout out ; paeanem,
Cic. ; b, to call forth, to produce; isque (an inii)
motus aut boni aut inali opinioue citatur, Cic.
citra, adv. and prep, with ace. (from citcr).
I, on this side ; citra Veliam, Cic. ; citra Rhenum,
Caes. II. Tran9f., A. on this side of (a certain
boundary), within, before; 1. of space, paucis
citra milibus, Liv. ; citra tertiam, syllabam, be-
fore the third syllable, Cic. ; 2, of time, within;
citra Trojnna tempora, Ov. B. = sine, praeter,
without, except ; citra vnlnus, Plin.
oltreus -a -um (citrus), 1, belonging to the cil-
ri.s tree ; mensa, made of citrus wood, Cic; 2, be-
longing to the citron tree ; citrea, the citron tree,
Plin. ; citreum, the citron, Plin.
citro, adv. (citer), fo\ind only in combina-
tion with nltro ; ultro et citro, ultro ciuoqne,
ultro citro, ultro ac citro, up atid down, hither
and thither, Cic.
citrum -i, n. citrus wood, Plin.
citrus -i, m. the citrus, a kind of African cy-
press, from the aromatic timber of which the
Romans manufactured costly articles of furni-
ture (perhaps Thuia orientalis, Linn.), Plin.
Citus -a -\im, p. adj. (from cieo), quick, speedy ;
vox, Cic. ; incessus, Sail. ; pes, tlie iambus, Ov.
ClVlCUS -a -lira (civis), relating to a citizen,
civic; bella, civil war, Ov. ; corona, and simply
civica -ae, f. the civic crown, a chaplet of oak
leaves presented to one who had saved the life of a
Roman citizen in war, bearing the Inscription,
ob civem servatum, Cic.
Civilis -e (civis). I. relating to a citizen, civic,
civil. A. Lit., conjuratio, Cic. ; dlscordla, Sail. ;
qnercus = corona civica (v. civiens), Verg. ;
jus, either the civil law of the Romans (opp. jus
naturals) or the. law of private rights (opp. jus
publicum), Cic. ; dies, from midnight to midnight,
as opp. to the naturalis dies, from sunrise, to
ntiuet, Varr. B. Transf., a f becoming a citi:en,
befitting a citizen; nulli civilis animus, Liv. ; b,
popular, affable, Courteo7ls ; qilid civilius illo, OV.
II, relating to public life or the state ; a, scientia,
Cic; civitium rerum peritus, Tac. ; b, civil,
as opp. to military ; non militaria solum sed
civilia quoque munera, Liv.
civilltas -atis, f. (civilis), 1, the science, of
politics, used by Quint, as a translation of >j
itokiTocri ; 2, politeness, condescension, civility,
Suet _
civiliter, adv. (civilis), 1, like a citizen;
vivere, Cic. ; 2, politely, Ov.
civis -is, c. (from cio or cieo, summoned). I.
a citizen (opp. hostis or peregrinus), civis Ro-
manus, Cic. ; aliquem civem asciscere, Cic. ;
fieri civem Roinanum, Cic. ; fern., civis Attica,
Ter. II. A. fellow citizen ; cives mei, Cic. B.
subject ; imperare corpori ut rex eivibus suis, Cic.
civltaa -atis, f. (civis). I. Abstr., citizenship,
the condition or rights of a citizen ; civitatem
dare alicui, Cic. ; aniittere, Cic; aliquem civi-
tate donare, Cic. ; aliquem in civitatem asciscere,
Cic. ; in popnli Romani civitatem suscipi, Cic. ;
civitatem consequi, adipisci, habere, iinpetrare,
adimere, Cic. ; civitate inutari, Cic. II. Concr.
A. a unkm of citizens, a state, commonwealth ;
civitates aut nationes, civilised states or barbar-
ous tribes, Cic. ; civitatem instituere, adminis-
trate, Cic. ; civitates eondere, Cic B. Meton.,
a town, city, Cic.
clades -is, f. (connected with gladius), de-
struction. I. destruction of plants, etc., by hail
or rain, loss, damage, Plaut. ; loss of a limb ;
dextrae nianus, Liv. II. A. disaster, injury,
civitatis, Cic. B. Meton., persons ulio cause
the disaster; militum clades, Cic ; geminos
Scipiadas clad em Libyae, Verg. C. Esp., mis-
fortune in Mir, defeat; cladem inferre, Liv.;
facere, Sail. ; accipere, Liv. ; hosti inferre, Cic.
clam (old Lat. calam or eiliin, from root
CAL, CEL, whence eel -o). I. A<1 v., secretly
(opp. palam), in secret ; esse, to remain incognito,
•Liv.; plura clam reinovere, Cic. II. Prep, a, with
abl., clam vobis, Caes. ; clam istis, Cic; b, gen.
with aoc, clam me est, ft is unknown to vie, Cic
clamator -uris, in. (claino), a shouter, a
bawler, noisy declaimer, Cic
clamlto, 1. (intens. of clanin), to cry loudly,
shout violently ; 1, absol. or with ace, Cauneas
clamitabat, cried figs of Cnuuus, Cic. ; of things,
nonne ipsum caput et. supercilia ilia penitna
abrasa clamitare eilliditatem videntur, Cic; 2,
followed by an exclamation in direct, speech, atl
anna! clainitans, Liv.; 3, foil, by ace. and in-
tln. in indirect speech, saope clainitans lihernm
se liberaeqne civitatis esse, Caes.; 4, with the
ace, aliquem sycophantam, Ter.
clamo, 1. (connected with KaAf'w). I. In-
transit., to shout, cry aloud. A. Of men, loqui
omnes et clamare coeperunt, Cic. ; de suo et ux-
oris interitu, Cic. B. Of animals, anseres qui
tantummodo clamant, nocere non possunt, Cic.
II. Transit., 1, to call to or upon ; comites, Ov.;
morientem nomine, Verg. ; with double ace, tc
callalmul; aliquem fnrem, Hor. ; 2, to proclaim
aloud ; a, with ace, hoc de pecunia, Cic; b, in
direct speech, infantem Io triumphe ! clamasse,
Liv. ; c, in indirect speech, clamare ille quum
raperetur, nihil se miserum fecisse, Cic ; d,
with ut and the subj., clamare coeperunt, sibi
ut hal>eret hereditatem, Cic
clamor - oris, m. a loud shouting, cry. A.
Of men, clamor popnli infestus atque inimicus,
Cic. ; clamorem edere, tollere, Cic. ; excitare,
Liv. ; clamor oritur, Sail. ; auditor, Caes. ; esp.,
1, shout of applause ; haec sunt, quae clamores
et admirationes in bonis oratnrilms eftic.iunt,
Cic. ; 2, wild cry ; aliquem clamoribus et con-
cla
101
Cla
viciis et sibilis conseetari, Cic. 3, icai'-crj/ ;
clumorcill tolterc, Caes. ; 4, cry of narrow ; la-
inentautiiuu militum, Liv. 3. Of animals,
gniuin, Lucr. C. u sound of lifeless tilings;
inoutiuni, Hor.
ClamosUB -a -um (clamo), 1, act., noisy,
clamorous, Quint. ; 2, pass., filled ivith noise;
circus, Mart.
clanculum, adv. (clam), secretly, in secret,
Plant., Ter.J men. with aec, clanculum patres,
Ter.
clandestinus -a -um (clam), secret, con-
cealed, hidden, clandestine; colloquia cum hosti-
bus, Cic.
clangor -oris, m. a sound, clang, noise; 1,
the cry of birds, Ov. ; of the eagle, Cic. poet. ;
the hissing of geese, Liv. ; 2, the sound of a trum-
pet, Verg.
Clanis -is, m. re river oj Elruria.
Clanius -ii, m. a river of Campania.
clare, adv. (clams). I. Lit. A. As regards
sight, clearly, brightly ; videre, Plaut. ; fulgere,
Cat. B. As regards hearing, aloud; plaudere,
dime, Plaut. ; gemerc, Cic. II. Transf. A.
clearly, distinctly ; apparere, ap. Cic. ; ostendere,
Quint. B. illustriously ; explendescere, Nep.
clarco, 'J. (clarus). I. to be bright, to shine,
Cic. poet. II. Transf. A. to be clear to the mind,
be evident, Lucr. B. to be distinguished, illus-
trious, Enn.
claresco, elarui,- 3. (inch, of clareo). I.
A. to become clear, bright, Tac. B. to sound
or resound clearly; clarescunt sonitus, Verg.
II. Transf. A. to become clear to the mind, be-
come evident, Lucr. B. to become illustrious, Tac. ;
exgente Domitia duae familiac claruerunt, Suet.
clarfgatio -onis, f. (clarigo), 1. the demand
of satisfaction and declaration of war by a Fetialis,
Plin. ; 2, the fine imposed on a num caught be-
yond the limits within which he has been ordered
to remain, Liv.
clarigo (clare— i.e., clara voce— and ago), 1.
to declare war, used of the Fetialis, Plin.
clarlsonus -a -um (clarus and sono), clearly
sounding ; vox, Cat.
claritas -atis, f. (clarus). I. Lit. A. Of the
sight, clearness, brightness, brilliancy, Plin. B.
Of the voice, vocis, Cic. II. Transf. A. clearness
to the mind, plainness, Quint. B. fame, celeb-
rity, renown ; hominis, Cic.
Claritudo -luis, f. (clarus), clearness, bril-
liancy. I. Lit., of the sight, deae (i.e., lunae),
Tac. II. Transf., fume, renown, celebrity, Sail.
claro, 1. (clarus). I. to make clear, make
bright, Cic. poet. II. Transf. A. to make plain,
evident ; animi naturam versibus, Lucr. B. to
■nmke illustrious, renowned, Hor.
claror -oris, m. (clarus), brightness, Plaut.
Clards, i, f. (KAopos), a small town in Ionia,
on a promontory near Colophon, famous for a
temple and oracle of Apollo ; hence Clariua -a
-um (KAopto?), Clarion, surname of Apollo, Ov. ;
pocta, the poet Antimachus, born at Claros.
Clarus -a -um (connected with k\<-(uv6s),
clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus). I. Lit.
A. In regard to objects of sight, bright, shin-
ing, brilliant ; luniina nmndi, Verg. ; locus, Cic. ;
poet., of the wind, making clear, bringing fair
■weather ; aquilo, Verg. B. In regard to objects
of hearing, clear, loud; voce, Cic. II, Transf.
A. clear, evident, plain ; luce sunt clariora nobis
tua consilia, Cic. B. 1, illustrious, renowned,
distinguished ; a, of persons, vir clarissimus,
Cic. ; clarus gloria, Cic. ; clarus in philosophia
gt fiobjlis, Cic, ; ex doctrina nqbilis et clarus,
Cic; b, ufthhigs npiiiduin Cic; victoria olar-
issinia, Cic; 2, ill a bad sense, notorious; illft
oppugnatio lani autiiiuissiini quam clara apud
onnies, Cic. ; populus luxuriasuperbiaque clarus,
Liv.
classiariUS -i, in. (classis), 1 (sc. miles), a
soldier on board shi]>, a marine, Tac ; 2 (sc.
nauta), a rower, or sailor, on board a war galley,
Caes.
olassioula -ae, f. (dim. of classis), a little
fleet, flotilla, Cic
classiCUS -a -um (classis). I. A. relating
to the classes into which the Roman citizens were
distributed; hence, classiCUS -i, in. a citizen
of the first or highest class. B. Transf., classicus
scriptor, an author of the first rank, Gell. II.
relating to the army or the fleet. A. relating to
the army; subst., classicum -i, n. the signal
of engagement given by a trumpet ; classicum
canit, Liv. ; or the signal by which the classes were
called to the comitia; classico ad contionem con-
vocat, Liv.; and meton., the trumpet itself ; class-
icum inflare, Verg. B. relating to the fleet;
militcs, Liv. ; bclla, naval war, Prop. ; and
subst., classic! -drum, m. marines, Tac.
classis -is, I. (connected with «Aa<ri?, (cApcrw,
from xAtw, and cal", to summon, lit. the multi-
tude summoned). I, a class. A. Lit., one of the
divisions into which Servius Tullius divided the
whole Roman people; hence tig., quintae classis,
of the lowest rank, Cic. B. Transf., any division;
servorum, Petr. II. In milit. lang., the forces.
A. re land army ; Hortinae classes, Verg. B.
the fleet ; classem facere, compararc, aedilicarc,
to build a fleet, Cic. ; iustrucre atque omarc, to
fit out a fleet, Cic. ; classem appellere ad Dclum,
to land, Cic. ; poet., re ship, Hor., Verg. ; hence,
plur. classes = naves, Verg. Acn. ii. 30.
Clastldlum -Ii, n. re town in Gallia Cis-
pxidana, now Casteggio or Chiateggio.
Claterna -ae, f., stronghold in Cispadane
Gaul (now Maggio).
clatrl -6mm, m. and clatra -5rum, n.
((cAijepo), re trellis or grating, Hor.
clatro, 1. (clatri), to provide or cover with a
trellis or grating, Plaut.
claudeo -ere, 2. and gen. claudo, clausur-
us, 3. (claudus), to limp, halt, be lame; gen. used
fig., si (beata vita) una ex parte clauderet, Cic. ;
esp. of orators, in quacunque eniin una (parte)
plane clauderet, orator esse noil posset, Cic.
Claudfanus -i, m. (Claudius), a Latin poet,
who lived in the reigns of Theodosius the Great,
and his soils Arcadius and Honorius.
claudicatlo -onis, f. (claudico), re limping,
Cic.
claudico, 1. (claudus), to limp, be lame;
graviter claudicare ex vulnere ob rcmpublicam
accepto, Cic. ; claudicat axis mundi, inclines,
Lucr.; tig., to halt, waver, be defective; tota res
vacillat et claudicat, Cic. ; esp. of speech, nihil
curtum, nihil claudicans, Cic.
Claudius (Clodius) -a -um, the name of a
Roman family, both patrician and plebeian, of
whom the most celebrated members were : — L
Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, the founder
of the family, a Sabine of Regillum, whose name
was said to have been originally Attus Clausus.
II, Appius Claudius Crassus, the most notori-
ous of the decemvirs. III. Appius Claudius Caec-
us, censor 312 B.C., the builder of several great
public works. TV. Publius Clodius Pulcher,
tribune of the people, viurdcivd by Milo, B.C. 62.
V. Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Gennanicus,
the fourth Roman emperor. Adj., Claudianus
-a -um, Claudlalis -e, Clodianua -a -um,
Claud\n]\\ ' '
cla
102
ell
1. claudo, clausi, clausum, ". and cliido,
clOsi, olusum, 3. (root CLA, whence ukivis,
Gr. Dor. «Aai? = kA«i». I. Gen., to shut close
(opp. npcrire). A. Lit., 1, forein cubiculi,
Cic; portas alicui, Caes. ; Januni, to close the
gates of the temple of Janus, Liv. ; tig., clatulere
aures alicui rei, Cie. ; in ipsins eonsuetu-
ilim.ni, quam adhuc uieus junior inilii clausit,
rue insinuabo, Cic. ; 2, to close «j> a road or a
country, to> make inaccessible; oinnes aditns
claudentur, Cic. ; quod clausac hieme Alpes ess-
ent, Liv. ; adhuc clausula fuisse mare scio, Cic. ;
3, to close up ; a, geograph. 1. 1., insula ea sinum
ab alto claudit ; b, milit. t. t., agmen claudere,
to bring up tlie rear, Caes. Subst., clausum
•i, n. a bolt or lock; clausa eH'ringerc, Sail.;
B. Transf., 1, to bring to an end; opus, Ov. ;
octavum lustrum, llor. ; 2, of character, par-
tic. clausUS, secret, close ; Tiberius, Tac. II. A.
'.= intercludere, to dam up, stop, intercept; rivos,
Verg.; conimeatus, Liv.; horum ferocia vocem
Evandri clausit, Liv. B.= conclndere, inelu-
dere ; 1, lit., a, to shut up in; aliqucm in curi-
am or in curia, Liv. ; b, milit. t. t., to invest ;
oppiduin undique, Sail. ; of liunting, nenioruin
BAltus, Verg. ; c, to encompass, surround ; urbs
loci natura terra marique clauditur, Cic. ; 2,
transf., a, aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in
lingua promptum habere ; b, as rlict. 1. 1., sen-
tcntias nunieris, Cic.
2. claudo = claudeo (q.v.).
claudus (cludua) -a -um. I. Lit., limping,
halting, lame; claudus altero pede, lame on one
foot, Nop.; claudi ac debiles equi, Liv.; prov.,
Istc claudus pilani, one who can. make proper use
vf nothing, Cic. II. Transf. A. crippled, de-
fective, wavering; naves, Liv. ; poet., carinina
altcrno versu, elegiac verse, Ov. B. wavering, in-
secure; clauda ncc officii pars erit ulla tui, Ov.
claustrum -i, n. (claudo), gen. plur. I. a
^bolt, bar; claustra revellere, Cic; laxare, Verg.;
telaxare, Ov.; (lg., portaruni naturae cftVingere,
lo lay bare the secrets of nature, Lucr. II. a gate,
enclosure, dam, limit, boundary ; a, venti circum
claustra fcrunt, Verg. ; b, custody, confinement;
of animals, a den, cage ; diu claustris retentae
ferae, Liv. ; c, a }X(ss or narrow place; claustra
.luontium, Tac; milit, t. t., the key or critical
point of a jtosition; terra claustra loeorum tenet;
claustra Acgypti, Liv. ; llg., claustra ista (liar-
Tier) nobilitatis refregissem, Cic.
clausula -ae, f. (claudo), the end, conclu-
nion. A. Gen., opistolae, Cic. . B. Esp. 1, the
closing scene or closing word in a drama ; in quo
(mimo) quum clausula.. nou invenitur, Cic ; 2,
ju rhet., the close of a period, Cic.
clava -ae, f. (clavus), a knotty staff or cudgel,
Cic; also the staff used in the drill of recruits or
in exercises in the use of weapons, Cic; the club
Cf Hercules, Verg., Ov.
clavarium -i, n. (clavus), a gift of money
to Roman soldiers, Tac.
clavator -Oris, in. (clava), one who carries
fie clava, Plaut.
clavicula -ac, f. (dim. of cla vis, a little key),
hence, the twig or tendril by which the vine clings
io its prop, Cic.
1. clavlger -g8ri, m. (clava and gero), the
club-bearer, epithet of Hercules, Ov.
2. clavlger -gSri, in. (clavis and gero), the
key-carrier, epithet of Janus as god of doors, Ov.
Clavis -is, f. (»cAait, KAftf), 1, a key; adul-
terina portarum, a false or skeleton keg, Sail. ;
claves adimere uxori, to separate from one's wife,
Cic. ; 2, a lock ; alias claves omnibus portis im-
ponere, Liv,; 3, clavis adunca trochi, a stick for
trundling a hoop, Prop,
Clavus -i. m. a nail. A. Lit, clavis ferreis
contixa transtra, Caes.; clavus trabalis, a spike,
as a sign of firmness, an attribute of Necessitas,
Hor. ; hence, prov., trabali clavo ligcre, to fix.
firmly, Cic. ; annalis, the nail which on the ides of
September every year was driven into the wall of the
temple of Jupiter Capitolhvus at Home; hence lig.,
ex hoc die clavmn anni movebis, reckon the
beginning of the year. Cic. B. Transf., 1, a
helm, rudder, Verg.; fig., clavum imperii tenere,
Cic; 2, a stripe of purple on the tunic, worn
broad by the senators (latus), narrow by the knights
(angustus), latum clavum a Caesare impetravi,
/ have become a senator, Plin. ; the latus clavus
was also worn by the boys of noble families at
Rome, Ov. ; meton., clavus = the tunic with the
broad or narrow stripe, Hor.
Clazomenae -arum, f. (KAarjo/ucraO, one of
the twelve Ionic towns in Asia Minor.
Cleanthes -is, m. (KAearflijs), a Stoic 2'hilo-
sopher, pupil of Zeno ; hence adj., Cleanthcus
-a -um, .S'toto, Fers.
Clemens -cutis, adj. with compar. and
superb, mild, placid, kind, merciful, I. a, of
persons, clcmentes judices ct miscricordes, Cie. ;
ab innoccntia clenientissimus, Cic. ; b, of cir-
cumstances, events, etc., castigatio, Cie. II.
Transf., a, of the weather, mild; flanicn, Cat. ;
b, of water, ipiiet, calm; amnis clenientissimus,
still, Ov.
elementer, adv. with compar. and superl.
(Clemens), mildly, gently, mercifully. I, Lit.,
elementer facere or l'erre aliquid, Cic. ; ele-
menter et moderate JUS dicere, Caes. ; elementer
duetis militibns, without plundering, Liv. II.
Transf., of places, gently rising ; elementer cdit-
uni jiigttni, Tac.
dementia -ae, f. (demons). A. mildness,
mercy, clemency; dementia mansuetudoque, Cic;
coufugere in clementiam alicuius, Cic; de-
mentia uti, Cic. B. Transf., mildness of weather ;
acstatis, Plin.
Cleombrotus -i, in. (K\cV|SpoT0?), 1, a
general of the Lacedaemonians ; 2, ft Greek philo-
sopher of Anibrucia.
Cleon -onis, m. (KAtW), a celebrated Athenian
demagogue.
Clednae -arum, f. (KAcwi'ai), a city in Ar-
golis, near Ncmea ; hence adj.. Clconaeus
-a -um, Clconean.
Cleopatra -ae, f. .1. the daughter of Philip
of Maccdon and. of Olympics, wife of Alexander I.
of Epirus. II. the daughter of Ptolemy Anletes,
queen of Egypt, the mistress of Antonius, whose
forces (dlied with hers were overthrownby Augustus
at Actium.
clepo, clcpsl, cleptum, n. (kAc'wtw), to steal,
ap. Cic. ; se, to conceal oneself, Sen.
clepsydra -ae, f. (KAei|/08pa), the. water clock
used to measure the time during which on orator
spoke; binas clepsydras petere, to wish to speak
for the length of two clepsydrae, Plin. ; dare, to
give leave to speak, Plin.; eras ergo ad clepsy-
dram, rhetorical exercises, Cic. ; so, aliquem ad
clepsydram latrare docere, Cic.
clepta -ae, in. (KAf'jrnjs), a thief, Plaut.
clibanus -i, m. (/cAt'0ai'o<r), an earthen or
Iron vessel perforated with small holes used for
baking bread, I'liu.
• cliens -eutis, in. (archaic el liens, from duo,
irAu'w, to hear, lit. ft listener). I. In Rome, a
client, dependent, one, under the protection of a
patroiniR. II. Transf., 1, in Gaul and Ger-
many, a vassal ; used of entire nations, allies,
Caes.; 2, the worshipper of a god; Bacchi, Hor.
cJiGnta -ae, f. (cliens), a/etnaU 'client IIo>-,
cli
103
coa
Clientcla -ae, f. (cliens). I. A. elientship,
the relation between the client and his patron;
esse in alicuius clientela, Cic. ; in alicuius clien-
telam se conferre, Cic. B. Meton. (gen. in
plur.), clients, Cic. II. the relation of a weaker
iMlion to a more powerful one, dependence;
inagnae corum erant clientelae, Caes. ; dicare se
alicui in clientelam, Caes.
clientulus -i, in. (dim. of cliens), a little
client, Tac.
clinamen -mis, n. (*clino), the inclination
of a thing, Lucr.
clinatus -a -tun" (partic. from obsolete verb
cliuo = kAiVoj), inclined, bent, leaning, Lucr.,
Cic. poet. • '
Ciinlas -ae, in. (KAfu-ias), the father ofAlci-
biades ; hence, Clliiiades -ae, in. Akibiades.
Clio -us, f. (KAeicJ), 1, the Muse of history ;
2, u daughter of Uceanus.
clipeo (clupeo), 1. to provide with a shield ;
clineataagmina, Verg. Subst., clipeati -orum,
in. soldiers bearing shields, lav.
clipcus (clupgus) -i, m. and clipeum
(clupeuni) -i, n. the round metal shield of the
Human soldiers. I. Lit., Cic. ; prov.j clipeum
l»>st vulnera sumere, to do anything too late, Ov.
II, Transf., of objects resembling a shield in
shape, a, the disk of the sun, Ov. ; b (gen.
clipeum), a medallion portrait of a god or dis-
tinguished man, Liv., Tac.
Clisthencs -is, m. (KAetafleVqs), aw Athenian
statesman^
Clitarchus -i, m. (KAe/Tapxos), a Greclc his-
torian who accompanied Alexander the Great on
\is expedition.
clitellae -arum, f. (*clino), a pack saddle,
« pair of panniers, Cic.
clitellarius -a -um (clitellae), belonging or
relating to a pack saddle, Cic.
Cliternum -i, n. a town of the Acqui. Adj.,
Clitermnus -a -um, Cliternian.
Clitomachus -i, m. (KA<riT'o/iax°s)> an Acad-
emic philosopher, pupil of Cameadcs.
Clitor -oris, m. (KAetTwp) and Clitorium
-li, n. a town in Arcadia. Adj., Clltdrius -a
-um, Ciitorian.
Clitumnus -i, m. a river in'Umbria, now
Clit anno. . . ......
clivosus -a -inn (clivus), hilly, steep, precipi-
tous, rus, Verg. ; Olympus, Ov. ■■
Clivus -i, m. (from root CLI, whence' ac-
clivis and declivis, and clino in acclino, etc.), a
gentle ascent or elevation, a hill; lenis ab tergo
clivus erat, Liv. ; clivum mollire, Caes. ; clivus
Capitolinus, the ascent from tlie forum, to the
Capitolinc hill, and the Capitoline hill itself, Liv.;
so clivus sacer, Hor.; pro v. for an obstacle which
is to be surmounted ; clivo sudamus in imo, Ov.
Cloaca -ae, f. (from cluo =: I cleanse), a, a
sewer or drain; fossas cloacasque exhaurire,
Liv.; b, cloaca maxima, tlie sewer constructed by
Tarquinius Prisons, through, which the filth of
Home was discharged into the Tiber, Liv.
Cloacina -ae, f. (from cluo, I cleanse}, the
cleanser, surname of Venus whose image stood at
the place where the Romans and Sabines were
■reconciled after the rape of the Sabine women, and
where they purified themselves with myrtle boughs.
C16dlUS= Claudius (q.V.).
Cloclius (Cluilius) -a -um, name of an
Alban and afterwards of a Roman gens, the most
celebrated of the name being : 1, Cluilius or
Cloelius, the lust king of Alba, who invaded the
Roman territory awl niade tlie Cluilia fossa or
fossae Clocliac, Liv. ; 2, Cloclia -ac, f. a Roman
maiden, hostage to l'orseiui, who swam back across
the Tiber to Rome.
Clotho -iis, f. (KAu)0uj), the spinner, one of the
Pa rear.
clueo, 2. (kAu'u>), I hear myself called, I am '
called, am named; quaccunque cluent, whatever
has a name, Lucr.
clunis -is, mi and f. the buttocks, hinder parts,
Hor., Liv.
Clupca (Clypea) -ae, f. and plur. Clupeae
-arum, f. (translation of Gr. 'Acttti's), a promontory
and town in Byzacium in Africa.
Cluslum -li, n. a town of Etruria. Adj.,
Clusinus -a -um, of Clusium.
Clusius -li, m. (cludo), the shutter, epithet of
Janus.
Clymene -es, f. (l£Ai//ie'n)), tlie wife of the
Aethiopian king Merops, and mother of Phaethon ;
hence adj., Clymeneius -a -um; proles, Phae- '
than, Ov.
clyster -eris, m. (kAvo-tjjp), 1, a clyster,
Suet. ; 2, syringe, Suet.
Clytaemnestra -ae, f. (KAuroi/aLnjo-Tpa),
daughter of Leda, sister of Helen, Castor, and Pol-
lux, wife of Agamemnon and mother of Orestes,
Electro, and Iphigenia, slew her husband with tlie
help of Aegisthus.
Clytie -es, f. (KAvtoj), daughter of Oceanus,
beloved by Apollo, changed into the flower lielio-
tropium. ",'
Cnidus (-5s), orGnidus(-os), -i, f. (Kvtios),
a town in Carta, famed for tlie worship of Venus.
Adj., Cnidius -a -um, Cnidian.
coacervatio -onis, f. (coacervo), a heaping
vp (of proofs), Cic.
coacervo, 1. to heap up, accumulate ; pecu-
niae coacervantur, Cic, ; trausf., arguuienta,
Cic.^
coacesco -aciii, 3. to become tlioroughly sour;
ut enini non omno vinuni, sic non omnia natura
vetustate coaccscit, Cic; fig., quam valdo earn
(gentem Sardorum) putamus tot transfusionibus
coacuisse, Cic.
CoactlO -onis, f. (cogo), a collecting; co-
actioncs argentarias factitavit, Suet.
coacto, 1. (intens. of cogo), to compel, Lucr.
co actor -oris, m. (cogo). '_ I. Lit, a, a
collector of rents, money at auctions, etc., Hor.;
b, coactores agniinis, the rear-giMrd, Tac. II.
Transf., one who compete,. Sen. ■- -"
coactum -i, ' n. (cogo), a coverlet of thick
cloth, Caes.
coactus -tis, m. (cogo), a compulsion, com-
pelling ; coactu atque efllagitatu meo, Cic.
coaddo, 3. to add in with, Piaut.
coaedifico, 1. to build on; campuui Mar-
tiuni, Cic.
coacquo, 1. to level, make plain, even. A.
liiontes, Sail. B. Transf., omnia ad libidiues
suas, placed on tlie same footing, Cic.
coagmcntatio -onis (coagmento), a con-
nection, binding together ; corporis, Cic.
coagmento, 1. (coagmentum), to fix together,
stick together, join together. I. Lit., opus ipsa
suumeadem, quae coagmeiitavit, natuia dissolvit,
Cic. II. Transf., verba coiiiponc et quasi coag-
mento, Cic. ; paceni, to conclude, Cic.
coagmentum -i, n. (cogo), a joining to-
gether, a joint ; lapidum, Caes.
coagulum -i, n. (cogo), 1, that which c uses
to curdle, rennet, Plin. ; 2, meton., curds, Plin.
coftlesco -aliii, -iWtum, 3. (com and alesco),
coa
104
coe
1, In grow together, to become one in growth, to I
coalesce, unite; saxa rides sola coalesccre calce,
Liicr. ; tig., sic brevi spatio novi veteresuue
(mililes) coaluere, Sail. ; ut cum Patribus coales-
caut aniiui p'.ebis, Liv. ; followed by in, in limic
consensmn, Tac. ; 2, of plants, to grow ; dum
novus in viridi coalescit cortice ramus, Ov. ; to
take root; grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa, Sail. ;
3, of wounds, to close, be heided, grow together ;
fig., vixdum coalesccns foventis rcgnum, Liv.
coangusto, 1. to narrow, limit, confine;
hacc lex coangustari potest, Cic.
coarcto, etc. = coarto, etc. (q.v.).
coarguo -gfii -gutum, but -gftiturus, 3. (com
and arguo), to sh-nu in a clear light. I. Gen., to
demonstrate fully, to proi'e by evidence; certum
crimen multis suspicionibus, Cic. ; pcrfldiam ali-
cuius, Cic. ; sin autem fuga laboris desidiam, re-
pudiate supplicum superbiani coarguit, Cic.
II. A. to prove to be false; 1, of things, id
quidem coarguere nihil attiuere ratus, Liv. ; 2,
to prove a person to be wrong, to convict a per-
son of an error, to confute ; quo (decreto) maxi-
mc et refelli et coargui potest, Cic. B. to
prove a person to be guilty, to convict of a crime ;
aliquem, Cic. ; with abl. of means, criminibus
coargultur, Cic. ; with genit., of crime, aliquem
avaritiae, Cic.
coartatlo -onis, f. (coarto), ri drawing to-
gether, a confining or straightening in a small
tpttce, Liv.
coarto, 1. to confine, draw together (opp.
laxare, dilatare). A. Lit., Thermopylarum sal-
tliin, ubi angustac fauces coartant iter, Liv. B.
Transf., 1, of discourse, to compress, abbreviate;
Ut quae coartavit, dilatet nobis, Cic. ; 2, of
time, to shorten; consulatum alionun, Tac.
coaxo, 1. (onomatop.), to croak (of a frog),
Suet.
cocclnatus -a -um (coccinus), clad in scar-
let, Suet.
COCOlDCUS -a -urn (coccum), scarlet coloured,
Pctr.
coccinus -a -um (coccum), scarlet coloured,
Juv. Subst., coccina -orum, n. scarlet clothes,
Mart.
COCCUm -i, n. (kokkos). A. the berry of the
scarlet oak (quercus coccifera, Linn.), used as a
scarlet dye by the ancients (the real source of
the dye has since been discovered to be an in-
sect), Plin. B. Metnn., 1 scarlet hue, Hot. ;
2, scarlet cloth or garments, Suet.
cochlea -ae, f. (icoxAiat). A. a snail, Cic.
B. Meton. the snail shell, Mart.
cochlear -aris, n. and cochlearium -li, n.
Plin., and cochleare -is, n. Mart. (cochlea\ a
sj'oon, Mart.
Codes -Itis, in. the one-eyed van, Plaut.;
esp. Horatius Codes, the ltoman who defended
the bridge over the Tiber against the army of Por-
sena.
coctana = eottana (q.v.).
ccctilis -c (coquo), baked; latcres, Varr. ;
muri Babylonis, made of burnt brick, Ov.
Cocytos and us, -i, m. (KwkvtiJs, the stream
of uniting), a river of the Loiver World. Adj.,
CocytUS and CdoytlUS -a -um, Cocylian;
virgo, Alecto, Verg.
coda - canda, (q.v.)
codex -dlcis. in. ■=■ eandex. I. th» trunk of
a tree, Ov. IL Meton., a book, composed </
wonlen tablets, covered with wax. A. Gen., a
book, writing, document, c. falsns, Cic. B.
Esp., codex accept! et expensi, an arconnt-book,
a ledger (adversaria, a day-book, the accounts
from which were entered into the codej every
uioutli), iii codieem referre, Cic.
codicarlus (caudle arms) -a -um (co-
dex), made, of wooden blocks, naves, Sail.
codlcilli -orum, m. (dim. of codex), 1, small
tablets upon which'to make memoranda ; in codi-
cillis exarare, Cic. ; 2, something written on
tablets; a, a letter, Cic; b, a petition, Tac;
C, a codicil, Tac; d, an imperial rescript or
order, Tic.
Codrus -i, m. (KoSpos), tlie last king of
Athens, who was said to Imve voluntarily sought
death in order to obtain victory for the Athenians
over the Spartans.
Coele Syria -ae, f. (Koi'At) Ivpia, hollow
Syria), the district between Libanus and Antili-
banus.
coelebs = caelebs.
coeles -Itis, v. caeles.
coelestis -e, v. caelestis.
coelicola -ae, v. caelicola.
coelifer, v. caelifer.
Coelius, v. Caelius.
coelo — caelo, q.v.
coelum -i, v. caelum.
coemo -end -emptum, 3. to buy in large quan-
tities, buyup;ta quaetedelectarintcoemisse, Cic.
cdemptio -onis, f. (coemo), 1, a form of
marriage which consisted in a reciprocal sale of
the parties to one another, Cic. ; 2, a fictitious
marriage to enable a woman to acquire certain
rights, Cic.
coemptionalis -e (coemption relating to
acoemptio; senex, an old man used for a ficti-
tious marriage, Cic.
coena, &c, v. cena.
coenosus -a -um, v. caenosus.
coenula -ae, f., v. ccnula.
cocnum, v. cacnum.
coco -ii (rarely -ivi) -itum, 4. (com and co), lo
go together, come together, assemble. I. Gen., A. Of
persons, 1, as friends, Capuae, Liv. ; 2, as ene-
mies, to engage ; inter se coiisse viros et cernerc
fcrro, Verg. B. Of things, vix memini nobis
verba coisse decern, that ten words hare been ex-
changed between us, Prop. II. lo unite so as to
form a whole, to combine. A. Of persons, 1,
milit. t. t., coire inter se, Caes. ; in tinuiii, Liv. ;
in orbem, Liv. ; 2, lo unite in some relation ;
a, politically, cum hoc tu coiie ausus es, ut,
etc, Cic. ; adversus rempublicam, Liv. ; with
ace, societatem vel periculi vel laboris, Cic. ;
in pass., societas coitur, Cic. ; b, to unite in,
marriage; liac gener atque socer coeant mer-
cede Buorum, Verg. B. Of things, to unite
together; 1, ut placidis coeant immitia, Hor. ;
2, of wounds, neve retractando nouduui coeun-
tia runipam vulncra, Ov. ; 3, to curdle; coifc
fonnidine sanguis, Verg. ; 4, to be, frozen • men-
tiar, an cocat duratus frigore pontus, Ov.
coepio, coepi, coeptum, 3. (the present
tenses very rare and only A. Aug. ; the perfect
tenses more commonly used), v. transit, and
intraneit. (com and apio = apo) to begin, com-
mence. I. Transit., A. Act., coepit quiim (Alia
vates, Verg. ; dicere coepi, Cic. ; si quae rapinae
fieri coeperunt, Cic; fut. partic, roeptnrns,
with ace, Homanos omnibus instruction's rebus
coepturos belhun, Liv. B. Pass., only in perf.,
lapides jaci coepti sunt, Caps. ; postquam arm is
disceptari coeptum sit, Cic; partic, cooptum
belhun, Sail. ; nocte coepta, Tac. II. Intransir.,
to begin, arise; quoniam coepit Graecorun) int-p-
tio, Juv. ; ubi dies coepit, Ball,
COG
105
Gog
06ei>t6, 1. (intens. of coepi). A. Transit.
to begin or undertake eagerly ; with infill., coerc-
ere seclitionem, Tac. ; appetere ea, Cic. B. In-
transit., coeptautemconjurationenidisjecit,Tac.
Ooeptum -i, n. (coepi), o beginning, under-
taking, Liv.
COeptUS -us, m. (coepi), o beginning, under-
taking, Cic.
coopulonus -i, m. a fellow -reveller, Plaut.
coerceo -cui -cltum, 2. (com and arceo).
1. Gen., to enclose on all sides and hold fast, to
encompass, enclose ; mundus omnia complexu
suo coercet etcontinet, Cic. II. Esp., \ f to con-
fine, restrain ; (aqua) jubetur coercerl, Cic. ; qui-
bus (operibus) intra rnuros coercetur hostis,
Liv.; 2, to keep in order; virga levem aurea
turbain, Hot.; 3, to prune; vitem ferro aniput-
ans eoercet, Cic. ; 4, to clink, curb ; oupiditates,
Cic; seditionem, Liv.; 5, to punish; magistra-
tes noxiiim civem multa, vinculis verbcribnsque
coerceto, Cic.
coercitio -onis, f. (coerceo), 1, a confining,
restraining; profusarum cupiditatum, Tac. ; 2,
punishing ; magistratus, Liv.
coeruleus = caernleus (q.v.).
coetus -us, m. (for coitus, from coeo). I. a
meeting together, Lucr. II. a meeting, assem-
blage; in a bad sense, a seditious meeting ; coetus
nocturni, Liv. ; coetum or coetus celebrare, to
assemble in large numbers, Verg., Cic. poet.
Coeus -i, m. (Kolos), a Titan, father of La-
tona.
cogitate, adv. (cogitatus, from cogito), care-
fully, thoughtfully, with consideration; scribere,
Cic._
cogitatio -onis, f. (cogito), thinking. I.
Gen., A. Act., a, the act of thinking, cmicepiion;
dicebas, speciera dei percipi cogitatione, non
sensu, Cic. ; ea quae cogitatione depingimus,
Cic. ; b, 'reflection, meditation, consideration,
reasoning; ad banc causam non sine aliqua spe
et cogitatione venerunt, Cic. ; ad reliquam cogi-
tfttionem belli se recepit, Caes. B. Pass., a
thought, idea; num ullam cogitationem liabuisso
videantur ii, etc., Cic. ; esp. in plur., mandare
litteris cogitationes suas, Cic. ; posteriores enim
cogitationes sapientiores solent esse, Cic. II.
Esp., 1, a thinking of, intention, design ; accnsa-
tionis cogitatio, Cic. ; 2, pass., a thought, plan,
purpose ; minor cogitatio intervenit niajori, Liv. ;
magnae cogitationis manifestis, Tac. ; 3, the
faculty of thought and reflection; homo solus
particeps rationis et cogitationis, Cic.
cogitatus -a -um (partic. of cogito). Subst.,
COgitata -orum, n. thoughts, reflections, ideas,
Cic.
cogito, 1. (co-igito, for com and agito), to
put together in the mind, to think, reflect, consider.
A. Gen., cui vivere est cogitare, Cic; with ace,
beneiicia alicuius, Cic. ; Scipionem, Cic. ; with
ace. and infin., homines ea si bis aocidere posse
non cogitant, Cic. ; with de and the. abl., de deo,
Cic. ; with relative sentence, cogita qui sis, Cic. ;
with ad and the ace, ad haec igitur cogita, Cic. ;
with nt or ne and the subj., Caes. B. a, to think
of, intend, plan; nihil cogitant nisi caedes, nisi
incendia, Caes.; qui noceri alteri cogitat, Cic;
de parricidio, Cic. ; ellipt. (in letters), inde ad
Tauriim cogitabam, / intended to go, Cic ; b,
to be disposed to ; si humaniter et sapienter et
amabiliter in me cogitare vis, Cic.
cognatio -onis, f. (com and gnascor = nas-
cor). I. Lit., relationship, connexion by blood.
A. Lit., cognatio quae mihi tecum est, Cic ;
cognatione cum aliquo conjunctum esse, Cic. ;
aliquem cognatione attingere, Cic. B. Meton.,
persons related, kindred, family ; cognationis
magnae homo, with a large connexion, Caes.
II. Transf., connexion, agreement, resemblance;
studiorum et artium, Cic
cognatus -a -um (gnatus = natus, from
nascor). A. related, connected by blood, Cic.
Subst., cognatus -I, m., cognita -ne, f. a
relation either on the father or mother's side,
Cic. B. Transf., related, similar, cognate; nihil
est tarn cognatum mentibus nostris quam nu-
meri, Cic.
cognitio -onis, f. (cognosce). I. knowledge,
A. knowledge of or acquaintance with a thing or
person ; aliquem cognitione atque hospitio dig-
num habere, Cic. B. knowledge of, study of; 1,
gen., cognitio conteraplatioque naturae, Cic. ;
plur., meton., an idea, a conceptidn ; insitns de-
orum vel potius innatas cognitiones habeinus,
Cic ; 2, legal 1. 1., a legal investigation ; consul-
ibus cognitionem dare, Cic. ; cognitionein de
existimatione alicuius constituere, Cic. II. =
agnitio, recognition, Ter.
cognitor -oris, ni. (cognosco). I. Legal 1. 1.,
1, o witness to (he identity of a lloman citizen in
a foreign country, Cic. IL 1, the procurator or
attorney who took charge of an action at law,
Cic. ; transf., huius sententiae, vouclier for, Cic;
2, a kind of public prosecutor in fiscal matters,
Ov.
cognitus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
supeiT. (from cognosco), known, tried, proved;
homo virtute cognita, Cic
cognomen -inis, n. (com and gnomen =
nomen). A. a surname, family name, the name
following the name of the gens (e.g., Cicero);
alicui cognomen Coriolano or Capitoni est,
Cic, Liv.; cognomen habere sapient is, Cic;
cognomen sumere or trahere or sibi arripere ex
aliqua re, Cic. B. name of a place ; Hesperiam
Graji cognomine dicunt, Verg. ,
cognomentum -i, n. 1, a surname, Plaut. ;
2, a name, Tac
cognominatus -a -um (com and nominatus)
= <rvvu>wnos, of the same meaning ; verba, synon-
yms.
oognominis -e (cognomen), having the same
name ; gaudet cognomine terra, Verg. ; with
dat., cognomine Insubribus pago, Liv.
oognomino, 1. (cognomen), to give a sur-
name to, call by a surname, Varr.
cognosco -gnovi -gnitum (com and gnosco
= nosco), 8. to become acquainted with, remark,
notice, perceive, see ; and in the perf. tenses, to
know. I. Gen., with ace, cognoscere naturam
rerum, Cic; aliquembenecognovis.se, Cic; with
abl. of means, aliquid experiendo magis quam
discendo, Cic. ; with per, homo per se cognitus,
Cic. ; with ab or ex, aliquem ex litteris alicuius,
Cic. ; with two accusatives, aliquem hominem
pudentem et officiosum, Cic. ; with ace. and in-
fin., Attici nostri te valde studiosum esse cog-
novi, Cic; abl. absol., cognito, it being knou'ii,
cognito vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. ; with relative
sentence, cognoscite nunc, quae potestas decem-
viris et quanta detur, Cic II. a. to recognise ;
quum emn Syracusis ainplins centum cives Ro-
mani cognoscerent, Cic; b, to study; Demog-
thenem totum, Cic. ; c, of judges, tohear, decide;
causa cognita, Cic. ; cognoscere de actis Caesaris,
Cic
cogo, cfiegi, c5actum, 8. (coigo for com and
ago). I. to bring, drive, or drate to one point, to
collect. A. Lit., a, pecudes stabulis, Verg. ; esp.
as milit. t. t., exercitum magnasque copias,
Caes. ; b, political t. t., to assemble a public
body; senatum, Cic; judices, Cic; comitium,
Caes. ; c, to bring together gifts or money ; pe-
cuniam ex decumis, Cic; d, to unite, gather
together; nubes imbres ventique coguntur, Cic ;
coh
10(3
col
of liquids, or of a thin material, to thicken;
Jrigorc mella cogit hiems, Verg. ; lac coactum,
curdled, Ov. ; subst., coacta -Cram. n. thick
■woven cloth, felt f Caes. ; e, milit. t. t, agraca
cogere, to' bring up Wie rear, Caes.;' fig., to be
the. last ; ut nee duces simus nee agmen cog-
auius, Cic. B. Transf., a, to unite, collect; jus
civile in certa genera, Cic. ; b, to infer, conclude,
prove; hoc cogere volebat falsas litteras esse,
Cic. II. to drive, force into a narrow space.
A. Lit., a, yi et .necessario sumus in portum
coacti, Cic.; b, of liquids and places, to confine;
in. artissimas -ripas Aous. cogituramnis, Liv.
B. Transf., a, to force; Boios in jus judicium-
que popiili- Romani, Liv. ; b, to compel to do
something; aliquem ad militiam, • Sail,; with
infill,, -xr emere ooegit, Cic.-; -with ut. and the
siibj., cogere -incipit -eos-ut absenteni Heraclium
condemnarent, Cic. ; -with aoc. of the thing one
is' compelled to do, cogere cives id omnes, Cic. ;
partic, coactus, constrained; invitus et coac-
tus, Cic.
cohaerentia -ae, f. (cohaereo), a coherence,
connexion; mundi, Cic.
cohaereo -haesi-haesum, 2. I. A. to adhere
to, hangtogether, be closely connected with ; cohaer-
ens cum corpore mem brum, Cic; nee equo mea
membra cohaerent, Ov. B. Transf., haec ratio
pecuniarum implicita est cum illis pecuniis
Asiaticis et cohaeret, Cic. II. A. to have co-
herence, subsist, hold together; muudus ita apte
cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, Cic.
B. Transf., vix diserti adolescentis cohaerebat
oratio, Cic.
cdhaeresco -haesi, 3. (inchoat. of cohaereo),
to hang together, mutually adhere ; atomi inter se
cohaerentes, Cic.
coheres -edis, m. a coheir, Cic.
' cohibeo -ui -Itnm, 2. (com .ind habco). I. to
hold, contain, hold together; brachium toga, Cic. ;
omnes naturas ipsa (natura) cohibet et continet,
Cic. II. to confine, restrain. A. Lit., ventos
carcere, Ov. ; crinem nodo, to tie, Hor. B.
Transf., to hinder, hold back, control, repress;
conatus alicuius, Cic. ; manum, oculos, animum
ab auro gazaque regia, Cic. ; foil, by quominus
and the subj., Tac.
cohonesto, 1. (com and honeeto), to honour
or reference; statuas, Cic.
cohorresco -horriii, 3. (com and horresco),
to shudder or shiver ; quo (sudore) quuin cohor-
raisset, Cic. ; eBp., to shudder from fright, to be
horrified at; quem ut agnovi,- equidem cohor-
rui, Cic ..,...-
cohors ( cors, chors) -tis, f. (connected with
XopTos). I. an enclosure for cattle, Ov. II.
Meton., A. a troop, throng; fratrum stipata,
Verg. ; febrium, Hor. B. Esp. milit. t. t., 1,
a cohort, a division of the Roman- army, being the
tenth part of a legion, Caes. ; often = the auxili-
ary forces of the allies, Sail. ; 2, praetoria cohors,
a, a body-guard for the general, -Caes. ; b;' the
retinue of the governor of a province, Cic. - ■
_ cohortatio -onis, f. (cohortor), an exhorta-
(ion, encouragement ; cohortatio quaedam judic-
uin ad honeste judicandum, Cic. *
cohorticula -ae, f. (dim. of cohors), a
little cohort, ap. Cic.
cohortor, 1. dep. (com and hortor), to en-
courage, incite, exhort ; used esp. of the general's
speech to his soldiers before a battle, aliquemad
virtutis studiutn, Cic. ; exercitum more militari
ad pugnam, Caes. ; foil, by ut or ne with the
subj., or by the subj. alone, Cic., Caes. ; with
ad and the gerund, aliquem ad honorandum
Berv. Snlpicium, Cic.
, coinquino, 1. no perf., to pollute, defile. Col.
cSitlo -onis, f. (coeo), 1, a coming together,
meeting, Ter. ; 2, a faction, party, coalition, con-
spiracy; suspicio coitionis, Cic. ; coitiones tri-
bunorum adversus nobilium juventuteni ortae,
Liv._
COltus -us, in. (coeo), a coming together, union,
connexion, Ov.
colaphus -i, m. («d\a<#>05), a box on the ear;
colapho icere, or ferire aliquem, Plaut., Nep.
Colchis -idis, f. (KoA.x l '?)> Colchis, a country
on the eastern shore of the Black Sea,; heuce adj.,
Colchis -idisj-f. Cokhian, and used. subst.=
Medea, Hor,; ColchllS -a.-um, -CokhioM f ve-
nena (of Medea), Ov. Subst., Colchus -i, m.
a. Colchian, and appell. — .« fca?ia;u«)i,-Hor. '
■ colens -Miiis,- p. adj. (colo), honouring, rever-
ent ; qui sunt religionum cqlentes (rives), Cic.
coleus -i, in. a testicle, Cic,
coliphla (colyphla). -Crum, "n. a, kind of
nourishing food used by wrestlers, Juv.
colls = caulis (q.v.).
collabasco, 3. (com and labasco), to begin to
fall, to totter, Plant.
collabefacto, 1. (com and labefacto), to
cause, to totter, Ov. ; used also of the liquefaction
of hard bodies, Lucr.
COllabefio -factus -fieri (com and labefacio).
A. Lit., to be made to totter or fall ; altera (navis),
praefracto rostra tota collabelieret, was dashed
to pieces; igni collabefacta, melted, Lucr. B.
Transf, a Themistoclc collabefactus, overthrown,
Nep.
collabor -lapsus sum, -labi, dep. (com and
labor), to fall down, sink down, collapse; a, of
buildings, towns, etc., collapsa quaedam minis
sunt, Liv. ; b, of persons, to fall down in a
swoon or death ; cecidit collapsus in artus', Verg.
collaceratus -a -urn (com and lacero), very
much lacerated or torn; corpus, Tac.
collacrimatio -onis, f. (collacrimo), a
weeping, Cic.
collacrimo, 1, (com and lacrimo), to break
out into tears, Cic. ; with ace. to bemoan, weep
for very much; histrio casum meum totiens col-
lacrimavit, Cic.
collacteus -i, m. -a -ae, f. a foster-brother,
or sister, Juv.
collare -is, n. (collum), an iron collar or
chain for the neck, Plaut.
Collatia -ae, f. town of the Sabines near Rome ;
hence, Collatinus -a -urn, belonging to Col-
latia; surname of L. Tarquinius, the husband of
Lucretia, native ofColhtia.
collatio -onis, f. (confero). A. Lit. abring-
ing together; a, signorum, a hostile collision in
the field, Cic. ; b, « contribution, collection; stipis
ant decimae, Liv. ; a present for the emperor, Tac.
B. Transf. comparison, simile; collatio est ora-
tio rein cum re ex shnilitudiiie conferens, Cic.
COllatlVUS -a -um (collatus), brought together,
united; venter, swollen, Plaut.
collator -oris, m. (confero), a contributor,
Plant.
collatus -a -urn, partic. of confero..
collaudatio -unis, f. (collaudo), strong,, or
hearty praise, Cic.
collaudo, 1. (com and laudo), to praise very
much ; orationem satis multis verbis, Cic.
collaxo, 1. (com and laxo), to widen, extend,
Lucr.
collecta -ae, f. (collectus, from 1. colligo), a
contribution in money; collectam a conviva
cxigere, Cic.
collecticius (oollectitlus) -a -um (1. eo?- .
col
107
col
ligo), [lathered together; cxemtus, quickly levied,
Cic.
collectio -Onis, f. (1. colligo). I. a collecting,
gathering together, collection; meinbrorum, Cic.
II. Transf., 1, »i rhetoric, a brief recapitulation,
Cic/; 2, in logic, a conclusion, inference, Sen.
colleotus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and
Blipei'l. (1. colligo), contracted, concise, concen-
trated; dicendi genus, Tac •
collega -ae, m. (com and lego), 1, one who is
deputed with another, a colleague, partner in office ;
alicuius collegam in questura fnisse, Cic. ; 2,
a-commde, Juv, _' _
collegium -ii, n. (collega). I. Abstract,
rnllragiieship,, the. connexion between colleagues,
hetirecn those who' jointly fill, the same, office; P.
Decius per tot collegia expertus, Liy. II. Con-
crete, persons united in colleagueship, a. body,
guild, corporation, college; a, of magistrates,
praetorum, tribunorum, Cic. ; b, of priests,
pontificum, angurum, Cic; c, a political club;
innumerabilia qnaedam collegia ex omni faece
urliis ac servitio constituta, Cic. ; d, a trade
guild; mercatorum, Liv. ; e, a band, body; am-
bubajarum, Hor.
collibertus -i, ra. (com and Hbertus), a
fellow freed/man, Cic.
collibet, or collubet -bfiit or -bitum est, 2.
(com and lubet or libet), impers. it pleases, is
jgreeable; simul ac mihi collibitum sit de te
cogitare, Cic.
collide -Hsi -Hsum (com ami laedo), 3. to
strike together, dash together; 1, humor ita mol-
lis est, ut facile comprimi collidique possit,
Cic. ; 2, pass, to come into hostile collision; Graecia
barbaiiae lento collisa duello, Hor.
colligatio -onis, f. (2. colligo), a binding
together, connexion; causarum omnium, Cic.
1. colligo -lcgi -lectum, 3. (coin and lego),
to bring togetlier, collect. I. Lit., a, radices,
Cic. ; vasa, to pack up, Liv. ; b, to bring together,
assemble; ex agris ingentem nnmerum perditor-
uni hominum, Cic; milites', Cic; c, to gather
into a smaller space, contract; se colligere or
colligi in arms, to cover oneself with a shield,
Verg. II. Transf., a, to gather together; niulta
in conventu vitia in aliquem, Cic; b, to gain,
acquire; ex hoc labore magnam gratiam mag-
namque dignitatem, Cic. ; c, colligere se, or
animinn, or mentem, to compose oneself, gain
courage; se ex timore, Caes. ; d, in speech, to
bring together, tell of; omnia bella civilia, Cic. ;
e, to think of; qiium maximarum civitatum
voteres animo calamitates colligo, Cic; f, of
numbers, to reckon; centum et viginti anni ab
interitu Ciceronis in hunc diem colliguntnr,
Tac. ; g, to infer, conclude; bene ctiam colligit
liaec pueris et lnulierculis esse grata, Cic. '
2. colligo, 1. (com and ligo), to biiul, tie,
fasten together. I. A. Lit., inanus, Cic. B.
Transf., a, to connect; (mens) homines antea
dissociates jucundissimo inter se sermonis vin-
culo colligavit, Cic. ; gen. in pass., res oinncs
inter se aptae colligataeque, Cic ; b, to join to-
gether in writing ; ut verbis colligentiir senten-
tiae, Cic. ; c, to join politically ; se cum multis,
Cic; d, to detain; aliquem in Graecia, Cic.
II. to bind together the parts of a thin" A. Lit.,
oiiine colligatum solvi potest, Cic. B. Transf,
a, to join together in narration ; septingentoruth
annoruni memoriam uno libro, Cic. ; b, to hinder,
ttop; impetum furentis vitae suae periculo, Cic.
colllnco, 1. (com and lineo), to direct in a
straight line; hastam aut sagittam, Cic. ; absol.,
quis est enim qui totum diem jaculans non ali-
quando collineet, hits the mark, Cic.
collino -levi -Ilium, 3. (com and lino), to be-
smear, daub; aliquid aliqua re, Hor.
COllinus -a -um (collis). I. hilly, relating to
a hilt, situate on a hill. II. Esp. Collmus, «t
or on the Quirinal hill ; tribus, Cic. ; esp., porta
Collina, a' gate of Home near the Quirinal Hill,
Liv.; licrbac, !/)-i) »'i)(;/ near the Porta Collina, Prop;
colliquefactus -a -um (com and.liquetio),
liquefied, melted, Cic.
collis -is, in. a hill, high ground, Cic. .;
collocatio -onis, f. (cxdtoco). I. .Act., a
placing, esp. a giving i)i mitrriage ; liliae, -Cic.
II. Pass., a position; a, . .tsiderum, Cic.;. b,
rhefc t. t.,~ position, arrangeinent, order; \ur-
boruifi, Cic ; argnmentoruin, Cic ; bene struct^
am collocationem dissalvere, Cic. '"'• •-
colloco (con-loco), 1. to place, lay, set. J,
Gen. A. Lit, 1, tabulas bene pictas in bono
lumine, Cic. ; simulacrum Victoriae ante ipsam
Minervam, Caes. ; aliquem in enrrn, Cic. ; .-.2j
milit. t.t., to station; duas legiones et omnia
auxilia in suramo jugo, Caes. ; alicui insidias
ante fiindum suinn, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to
place, lay, put ; res eae, quae agentur aut dic-
entur, suo loeo collocandae, Cic. ; 2, to place,
cause to rest ; in aliquo magnam stiem dignitatis
suae, to build hopes on, Cic ; 3, of time, to pass ;
adolescentiam suam in amore atque voluptat-
ibus, Cic. II, Esp. A. Lit., 1, to set up in a
particular place,erect; sedes acdomicilium, Cic ;
2, chlamydem, ut pendeat apte, to arrange,
Ov. ; 3, of persons, to settle, station; in tins
tetrarcliia unuin ex Graecis comitibus suis, Cic. ;
colonias, Cic. ; milit. t.t. tobillet, auarter; exer-
citum in Aulercis Lcxoviisque in hibernis, Caes. ;
4, tosettle in possession nr property ; aliqileiii in
patrimonio suo, Cic B. Transf., 1, 10 place;
aliquem in amplissimo consilio et in altissiinu
graun dignitatis, Cic; 2, of women, to settle in.
■marriage; aliquam in niatrimoniuin, Cic; ali-
cuius filio fdiain suam, Cic; 3, of money, to in*
vest; pecuniam in praediis collocare, Cic. ; or to.
employ, spend; patiimonium in reipublicae sa-
lute, Cic ; 4, to arrange inproper order ; verba
diligenter collocata, Cic ; 5, to direct, manage;
rem militarem, Cic
collocupleto, 1. (com and locupleto), to en-
rich exceedingly, Ter.
collocutio -5nis, f. (colloquor), conversa-
tion; collocutiones familiarissimae cum aliquo,
Cic
colloquium -H, n. (colloquor), talk, conver-
sation, colloquy, conference ; colloquia secreta
serere cum aliquo, , Liv. ; clandestina colloqnia
cum hostibus, Cic; colloquium expetere, Caes.;
dare, Liv.; crebra colloquia. inter se habere,
Caes.; per colloquia de paeeagere, Caes.; aliquem
ad colloquium evocare,Cic ; ad colloquium con-
gredi, Liv. ; dirimere, Caes. ; . interruinpere,
Caes. ; in alicuius congressum colloquiumqiie.
pervenire, Cic.
colloquor -cutus or -quiitus sum, -loqui'
(com and loquor), 3. dcp. to speak, talk, converse
with any one, to treat or negotiate with; cum:
aliquo, Cic. ; inter se, Cic; cum aliquo per lit-
teras, Cic.
colluceo, 2. (com and luceo), to shine on all'
sides, to be completely illuminated. I. Lit., sol
qui tain longc lateque colluceat, Cic ; collucent
moenia flammis, Verg. II. Transf., vidi col-
lucere omnia furtis tuis, Cic . ■,'
_ . .■
colludo ,-lilsi -lusum. 3. (com and ludo).
A. Lit. to play with; paribus, Hor. B. Transf. ,
to hare a secret understanding with another per-
son, to act collusively, Cic.
collum -i, n. (collus -i, m.), the neck; 1, of'
eoi
JlDH
eol
meu and animals, in collum invaait, fitt on his |
tMcfc, Cic. ; collum torqucre, to drag be/ore a tri-
bunal, or to prison, Liv. ; posuit collum in pul-
vere, Hor. ; 2, the neck of a bottle, Pliaedr. ; of a
poppy, Verg.
colluo -liii -latum, 3. (com and lno), to wash
thorouahln, rinse; os, Pliu. ; nra, to quench the
thiTSt,'0\.
collua -i, m. ss collum (q.v.).
colluslo -onis, f. (colludo), collusion, a secret
understanding; cum allquo, Cic.
COllUSor -oris, m. (colludo), a, a play-fellow,
Juv. ; b, a fellow-gambler, Cic.
collustro, 1. (com and lustro). A. to illum-
inate on all sides; sol omnia clarissiina luce
eollustrans, Oic. ; in pictnrii alios opaca, alios
collustrata delect ant, brilliant colouring, Cic.
B. Transf., to survey, lool: at OH nil sides; omnia
oeulis, Cic.
collutulento, 1, to dirty or defile all over,
Plaut.
coliuvlo -onis, and collu vies -ei, f. (colluo).
A. a flowing together, or collection of impurities,
filth, Plin. B. Transf., rabble, medley, offscour-
ings; omnium scelerum,Cic. ; quum ex bac turba
et colluvione discedam, Cic.
COllybUS -i, m. (<edAAu/3o?). A. the agio or
percentage charged in money-changing, Cic. B.
Transf., the money-changer's occupation, Cic.
collyra -ae, f. (icoAAvpa), a kind of cake or
lun which was broken into broth. Plant.
collyrlcus -a -um, jus, the broth with which
the collyra was eat*n, Plant.
collyrium -ii, n. (xoMvpwv), eye-salve, Hor.
cdlo, codui, cultum, 3. I. 1, to cultivate, till
the ground, farm; agruin, Cic. ; praedia studiose,
Cic. ; vitem, Cic; 2 f to dweii in a place, in-
habit; urbem, Cic; msulas, Liv.; absol., circa
utramqne ripam Rliodani, Liv. II. 1, to take
care of, attend to; formam augere colendo, Ov. ;
2. to cultivate, practise, study ; studium philoso-
pliiae a prima adoleseentia, Civ. ; (Idem, virtnt-
em, sapientiam, Cic; 3, to pay ie*i>ett to; a, of
deities, to worship; dens, Cic; Musarum dc-
lubra, Cic ; templum miro lionore, Verg ; b, of
men, to honour, reverence, court ; aliquem sum ma
observantia, Cic.
colScasIa -ae, f. and colocasium -ii, n.
(«oAo*oo'io). the Egyptian bean, Verg.
colona -ae, f. (colonu.s), a country woman, Ov.
Colonae arum, f. (KoAwyai), a town -ire 7
Coloneus -a-um, belonging to the Attic deme
Colonos ; Oedipus Coloneus, a tragedy of So-
phocles.
cdlonia -ae, f. (colonus). I. a farm, estate,
Col. IT. a colony. A. Lit., constituere colon-
iam, Cic. ; colonos doduccre in colonias, Cic.
B. Meton., the colonists ; deducere, Cic; mittere
in locum, Cic.
colonicus -a -um (colonus), 1, relating or
belonging to agriculture or a farm; leges, Varr. ;
2, relating or belonging to a colony, colonial;
coliortes, levied in Roman colonies, Caes.
colonus -i, m. (colo), 1, a farmer, agriad-
turist, Cic. ; 2, o; colonist, inhabitant of a colony,
Cic; poet, transf. = inhabitant, Verg.
Colophon -nnis, f. (KoAo^tii), one of the
twelve Ionian towns on the coast of Lydia, famed
for its cavalry. Adj., Colophoniacus -a -um,
Colophonlus -a -um, Colophonian.
color (colos) -oris, m. (colo). I. Lit., A, Gen.
colour, tint, hue, Cic. ; colorem ducere, of tlie
grape, to become coloured, Verg. B. Ksp. 1,
complexion ; verus, real, Ter.; fucatus, artificial,
Hor. ; mutare, to change colour, Hor., Ov. ;
2, beautiful complexion, beauty; nimium ne
crede colori, Verg. IL Transf., 1, outward show,
external appearance; civitalis, Cic; 2, W»p. "f
oratory or speech, cast, character, tone; color
urhanitalis, Ci'- ; 3, ornament, embellishment;
ilos et color plginentoruin, Cic; 4, an artfir
excuse, or colouring of a questionable action, Juv.
coloratus -a -um (partic of coloro), 1,
coloured; arcus, Cic ; 2, red, embrowned, Tac.
coloro, 1. (color). A, Lit., to colour; a,
corpora. Cic; b, to tan (of the sun); quum in
sole ambulem natura tit ut colorer, Cic B.
Transf., to give tone or colour to style ; urbanitatc
quadam quasi colorata oratlo, Cic
edlosseus -a -mn (n-oAoacraro?), colossal,
gigantic, Plin.
colossious -a -um (koAoo-ctiko?), colossal,
gigantic, Plin.
colossus -i. m. (jcoAo<r<rris), a colossus, a
statue larger than, life; csp. applied to tlie
gigantic statue of Apollo at the entrance of the
harbour of Rhodes, Plin.
colostra -ae, f. (colostra -drum, n.), the
first milk after calving, hiestings, Mart.; used a's
a term of endearment, Plant.
coluber -bri, in. a serpent, snake, Verg., Ov
colubra -ae, f. a female serpent, a snake, Hor.
colubrifer -fere -fernni (coluber and fero),
snake-bearing, snaky-haired, epithet of Medusa,
Ov.^ w
colllbrmus -a -um (coluber), snake-like;
transf., cunning, wily, Plant.
Colum -i, n. a colander, sieve, strainer, Verg.
COlumba -ae, f. (columlms), a pigeon, dove,
Cic. ; Cytliereiadea (as sacred to Venus), Ov.
columbar -iiris, n. (columba), a kind oj
collar for slaves like a pigeon-hole, Plants
columblnus -a -um (columba), relating or
belonging to a pigeon ; pnlli, Cic,
ColumbulUS -i, m. (dim. of columlms), a
little pigeon, Plin.
cdTumbus i, m. a male dove or pigeon, Hor
1. columella -ae, f. (dim. of columna), a
little column, Cic.
2. Columella -ae, m. L. Junius Hoderatus,
a Roman writer upon agriculture, native of Cadi;,
contemporary of Seneca and Celsus.
eolumen -inis, n. ("cello, that which is
raised on high). I. a height. A. Lit., sub altis
Phrygiae eoluiniiiibus, mountains, Cat. B.
Transf., of persons, the chief, most distinguished;
eolumen amicoruin Antonii t'otyla Varius, Cic.
II, a pillar. A. Lit., Cic. poet. B. Transf.,
eolumen reipublicae, support, Cic.
columna -ae, f. (connected with eolumen),
". pillar, column. A. Lit., marmorea, Cic; pro v.,
incurrerc amentem in columnas, to run one's
head against a stone wall, Cic ; columna rust rata,
a column adorned with beaks of ships erected in
honour of the victory of Duilius over the Car-
thaginians, Quint.; columna Maenia, " pillar in
the Roman forum to which thieves and slaves were
tied to receive punishment, Cic; hence, adhaercsc-
ere ad columnam, Cic. ; ad columnam per venire,
Cic; columnae, the pillars in Rome rovnil which
books were exposed for sale, Hor. ; columnae Pro-
tei, the. boundai-ies of Egypt (columns being used
to mark boundaries), Verg.; columnae Herculis,
the mountains of Calpe and Abyla at the straits of
Gibraltar, Plin. B. Transf., a, re support, pillar of
the state ; injurioso ne pede proruas stantem col-
umnam, Hor. ; b, a waterspout, Lucr.
columnarius -a -wo (columna), belonging
col
109
com
to a pillar. Subst., 1, columnar ii -Grum,
m. those who have been punished at tlw columna
Maenia (v. columna), rascals, thieves, ap. Cic. ;
2, columnarium -Ii, n. a tax on pillars, Cic.
columnatus -a -um (columna), supported
on columns, Varr. ; os, resting on the hand, Plaut.
colurnus -a -um (for corulnus, from eorulus),
made of hazel wood ; hastilia, Verg.
coius -i and -us, abl. colo, f. (m. Cat., Ov.),
a distaff, Cic.
com, old Latin — cum, in classical Latin ;
only found in composition.
coma -ae, f. (tow). A. Lit., the hair of the
head, Cic. B. Transf., 1, the leaves of trees, Hor.;
2, the wool of sheep, ap. Cic.
comans -antis (coma), hairy ; colla equoruni,
Verg. ; galea, crested, Verg. ; stella, a comet, Ov. ;
narcissus sera comans, covered with leaves, Verg.
comarchus -i, ni. (xui^apxos), the mayor or
chief officer of a village, Plaut.
comatus -a -um (coma), 1, hairy, Mart. ;
comata Gallia = Transalpina, Plin. ; 2, silva,
in full leaf, Cat.
1. combibo -bibi, 3. to drink in, suck up,
imbibe. A. Lit., venenum corpore, Hor. B.
Fig., quas (artes) si dum est tener combiberit,
Cic.
2. combibo -onis, in. a boon companion, com-
rade in drinking, Cic.
Combulteria -ae, f. town of tlie Samnitcs on
the soidh-west borders of Campania.
comburo -bussi -bustum, 3. (com and uro).
A. Lit., to burn up, consume entirely; libros,
Caes. ; aliquem vivum, Cic. ; of the. burning of
the dead, aliquem in foro, Cic. B. Trausf., ali-
quem judicio, to ruin, Cic. ; diem, to co)isume in
revelling, Plaut.
combustum -i, u. a bum or scald, Plin.
Come -es, f. (K<i>p.rj, village). I. Hiera Come,
o place in Caria. II. Xyline Conic, a place in
Pisidia. III. Antoridos Come, a place in
1'hrygia.
comedo -edi -esum (-essum) or -estum, 3. to
eat lip, consume entirely. A. Lit., ex se natos
(of Saturn), Cic. B. Transf., aliquem oculis, to
devour with one's eyes, Mart. ; se, to consume one-
self in grief, Cic. C. to consume, waste, squander;
patrimonium, Cic.
comes -itis, c. (com and eo or meo), 1, o
companion, comrade, associate; seditionum,
Tac. ; fugae, Cic. ; victoriae, Caes. ; esse comit-
cui alicuius, Cic. ; aliquem comitem habere,
Cic. ; non praebere se comitem illius furoris sed
ducein, Cic. ; used of things and abstractions,
mortis conies gloria, Cic. ; 2, esp. an attendant;
a, the attendant or tutor of aboy, Verg. ; b, plur.,
comites, the retinue which accompanied a Roman
magistrate into his province, and generally, any
Imdy nf attendants ; comites omnes magistratuum,
Cic. ; in later times, tlie body of courtiers, (lie tin-
perial court, Suet.
cometes -ac, in. (ko;i>jtiis), a comet, Cic.
cornice, adv. (comicus), in the manner of
comedy; cornice res tragicas tractarc, Cic.
comicus -a -um (kw/xikos). A. Adj., a, relat-
ing to comedy, comic ; poeta, Cic. ; b, represented
in comedy; senes, Cic; adolescens, Cic. B.
Subst., a, anaclor in comedy, Plaut. ; b, atomic
poet, Cic.
cominus = comminus (q.v.).
oomis -e (conio), courteous, kind, friendly,
obliging, amiable; a, of persons, dominus, Cic. ;
in amicis tuendis, Cic. ; erga aliquem, Cic. ; b,
of things, comi hospitio accipj, Liv. ; serino, Tac.
comissabundus -a -um (comissor), rtveU
ling, rioting ; teuiulcnto agmine j>er Indiam
comissabundus inccssit, Liv.
commissatio -onis, f. (comissor), a revel,
riotous feastitig, Cic.
comissator -oris, m. (comissor), a reveller,
riotous feaster, Cic. ; transf., comissatores con-
jurationis, accomplices, Cic.
comissor («cw/ia£u>), 1, dep. to make a joyful
procession with music and dancing, to revel, feast'
riotously; comissatuni ire ad aliquem, Liv.;
couiissari in domum Pauli, Hor.
comitas -atis, f. (comis), courtesy, friend-
liness, obligingness, civility (opp. gravitas, seve-
ritas); comitas affabilitasque sermonis, Cic.
comitatus -us, m. (comitor), 1, attendance,
companionship; optimorum et clarissimorum
civiuin, Cic. ; transf., tanto virtutum comitatu
(opus est), Cic; 2, a train, retinue, following;
praedonis improbissimi societas atque comi-
tatus, Cic ; esp. a, in imperial times, the court,
imperial suite, Tac; b, a caravan, convoy;
inagnus, Caes.
cdmiter, adv. (comis), courteously, civilly,
kindly, affably, Cic.
comitia, v. comitium.
cdmitialis -e (comitia), relating to the comi-
tia; dies, mensis, when the comitia were held, Cic;
homines, men constantly in attendance on the comi-
tia, and ready to sell their votes, Plaut. ; morbus,
epilepsy, so called because its occurrence put a stop
to the comitia, Cels. ; hence subst., cdmitialis
-is, m. one afflicted with epilepsy, Plin.
comitlatus -us, in. (comitia), the assembly of
the people in the comitia, Cic.
cSmitiuru -if, n. (comeo = coeo). I. Sing.
an. enclosed place in or near the Roman forum,
vthere the comitia were held. II. Plur. comitia
-Srum, u. the assembly of the Roman people, under
three distinct forms; centuriata, an assembly ac-
cording to the centuries instituted by Servius Tul-
lius; curiata, an assembly of the curies, in later
times rarely held except formally; tributa, the
assembly of the people in their tribes ; comitia
habere, to hold an assembly of the people, Cic. ;
consularia, assembly for the purpose of electing a
consul, Liv.; tribuuicia quaestoria, Cic. ; comitia
instituere, obire, dimittere, Cic
comito. 1. = comitor, partic. comitatus,
accoinjKiuied; with abl., alieuis viris, Cic. ; dolore,
Ov. ; abs. bene comitare, Cic.
comitor, 1. dep. (comes), 1, to join- as a
companion or follower, to accompany, to follow;
aliquem, Caes.; nautasfuga, Verg.; absol., magna
comitante catevva, Verg.; withdat., tardis ment-
ibus virtus non facile comitatur, Cic; 2, to
follow to the grave ; aliquem, Nep., Verg.
commaoulo, 1. to spot all over, pollute
I. Lit., inanus sanguine, Verg. II. Transf., se
isto intinito ambitu, Cic.
Commagone -es, f. (Kon^ayriinj), a province
of , Syria (capital Samosata), HOW Camash. Adj.,
Commagenus -a -um, Commagenian.
commanipularis is, in. a soldier belonging
to the same maniple or company, a comrade, Tac
commeatus -us, m. (commco). I. free pas-
sage, going and coming, Plaut. II. Meton., 1,
liberty to go unhindered; milit. t. t., leave of
absence, furlough; sumere, dare, Liv.; in com-
nieatu esse, to be on furlough, Liv. ; cum com-
meatu Syracusis remanere, Cic ; 2, that which is
going or coming ; a, a company of merchants, cara-
van; Londinium copifi. negotiatorum et comme-
atuum niaxime celebre, Tac ; b, supply of pro-
visions, food, forage; comraeatum or commeatus
eom
no
com
pararc, Liv., Sail.; ampere, arcessOre, conveh-
cre, advehere, portarc, Liv. ; pelerc, Cacti. ;
aliquem commeatu prohibere, Cai's. ; alinucni
commeatu ct reliquis copiis intercludero, Cic.
commeditor, 1, dep. to remind, call to re-
membrance, Lucr.
commemini -isse, to renumber fully; atrinn
hoc tu pantiu coiniueininisti, an ego uon satis
intellexi ? Cic ,
cominemorabilis -e (commemoro), worthy
of remembrance, worthy of mention, memorable;
pietas, Cic.
. commemoratio -onis, f. (commemoro), re-
membrance, mention, reminding; otliciorum, Cic.
commemoro, 1. I. to call to mind, recollect;
quid quoque diedixeriin, audiilim, eeerim, com-
luemoro vesperi, Cic. II. a, to remind another
person, of something, to bring to another person's re-
viembmnce; gratiam, anricftiara cognationemque,
Cic. ; b, to mention, relate, recount; humanam
societatem, Cic; Critolaus iste, quern cum Dio-
gene venisse conimenioras, Cic. ; de alicuius vir-
tute, Cic. •'
cornmendabilis -e (commendo), commend-
able, praiseworthy ; nee ullo cornmendabilis mei-
ito, Liv.
commendatlcius -a -urn. (commendatus),
relating to a recommendation; literacy a letter of
introduction, Cic.
commendatio -Ouis, f. (commendo), 1,
recommendation, commendation; commendatio
nostra cetercruinque amicorura, Cic. ; 2, that
which recommends, excellence; ingenii, liberalit-
atis, Cic.
comraendatrix -icis, f. (commendo), that
which commends; legem comriendatrice;u Vir-
tuturn, Cic.
commendatus -a .um, p. adj. (from com-
mendo), 1, recommended, commended ; quae (res)
conunendatiorerit memoriae hoininum? Cic; 2,
esteemed,- priced, valued, Plin.
commendo, 1. (com and mando), to commit
to the care, keeping, or protection of any one. I.
Lit., tibi eius omnia negotia, Cic. II, Transf.,
A. Gen., nomen Strom immortalitati, Cic; ali-
quid Uteris, to commit to writing, ap. Cic. B.
Esp. a, to recommend; aliquem alicui dili-
genter, Cic; se Caesari, Caes. ; b, to set off,
grace, render agreeable; nulla re una niagis orat-
orcm commendari quam verborum splendore
et copil, Cic.
commensus, partic. of commetior.
commentariolum -i, n. (dim. of uoin-
mentarius), a short treatise, Cic
commentarius-ii, m. and commentari-
Um-ii, n. (commentns, from comminiscor) ; l,a
m rnorandum, or note-book, a diary; in coiumen-
tarium referrc, Cic ; commentarn belli Gallici,
the notes of Caesar on the llallic war, Cic ; 2,
legal t. t., a brief, Cic
commentatio -onis, f. (comuientor), 1, deep
refection, careful consideration, meditation ; tota
pliilosophorum vita commentatio mortis est,
Cic; 2, practice, study of an orator; couimen-
tutionesquotidianae, Cic; 3, a, dissertation, Plin.
commenticius -a -um (commentus, from
comminiscor), invented, fictitious; nominibus
novi^ et comiufinticii6 appellata, Cic; civitas
Platouis, ideal, Civ. ; crimen, false, Cic,
1. commentor, J. dep. (com and MEN,
root of mens). ' A., to consider thoroughly, refect
upon deeply; futures secum niiserias, Cic; de
jwpuli Romani libertate, Cic. ; with rel. clanse,
ut aite co^'.^esteiaur iuter 2cs qua ratioue
«objs traducendmu sit hoc tempus, Cic B.
Esp., to study, practise, prepare for ; comment-
abar dcclamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum
Q, Fompeio quotidic, Cic. ; with ace, comment-
aiioratiouemin reum, Cic; partic pert i>assivc,
commentata oratio, Cic. ; neut. plur. subst., .sua
et commentata et Bcripta, Lie C. to sketch,
compose, writedown; mimos, Cic.
2. commentor -Oris, iu. (comminiscor), a
discoverer, inventor; uvae, Bacchus, Ov.
commentum -i, n. (commentus from com-
miniscor), 1, o fiction, an invention, contriv-
ance; opinionum commenta, fancies, Cic;
miraculi, Liv.; 2, a lie, falsehood; millia ru-
morum commenta, Ov.
commeo, 1. to go up and down, come and go,
visit frequently ; vulgatum ernt inter Vejos Rom-
amque nuncios commeare, Liv.'; ut-tuto-ab
repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli com-
meare possent, Caes. ; Delos quo omnes imdiquc
cum mercibusatque oueribus commeabant, Cic. ;
of ships, navis, quae ad ea furta, quae reliquisses,
commearet, Cic. ; of the heavenly bodies, sur-
sum deorsum, ultro citro, Cic. ; of letters, crebro
enim illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant,
find their way to us, Cic.
Commercium -li, n. (com and merx). I.
A. trade, commerce; commercio -prohibere ali-
quem, Sail. B. Meton., a, the right of trade ;
commercium iu eo agro nemini est, Cic ; salis
commercium dedit, Liv. ; b, an article of traffic,
Plin. ; c, a place of trade, commercial depdt, Plin.
II. intercourse, communication, correspondence ;
commercium sennonum facere, Liv.; commerci-
um belli, negotiations as to ransom of prisoners,
truces, etc., Tac. ; habere commercium cum ali-
quo, Cic
commercor, 1. dep. to buy together, buy up;
anna, tela alia, Sail.
commereo -iii -itum, 2. (commereor, dep.
Plaut), 1, to deserve fully ; aestiinationem (pneu-
ae), Cic. ; 2, to commit a fault ; c ul pain, Plant.
commetior -mensus, 4; 1, to measure ; sidcr-
um ambitus, Cic; 2, to measure with anything,
compare; negotium cum tempore, Cic
commeto, 1. (intens. of commeo), to go fre-
quently, Ter.
commlgro, 1. to remove in a body, to migrate;
in domum suain, Cic.
commilltium -ii, n. (com and miles). A.
a companionship in war or military service, Tac.
B. Transf., companionship, fellowship, Ov.
commilito -onis, in. (com and milito), a
companion or comrade in war, Cic.
comminatio -Onis, f. (comminor), u threat-
ening, threat, Cic.
commingo -minxi -minctum or -mictum, 3.
to make water on, Hor. ; transf, to defile, Cat.
comminiscor •meatus, 3. dep. to feign, in-
vent; mouogiummos deos, Cic; mendacinm,
Plant.; pert partic pass., feigned, invented;
commenta fuuera, Ov.
comminor, 1. dep. to threaten; comminati
inter se, Liv. ; with ace, pugnam, obsidionem,
oppugnationem, Liv.
comminuo -ui -utum, 0. A. to make small,
lessen, break into small pieces, crush to pieces ;
statuam, auulum, Cic. B. Transf., to lessen,
diminish, to weaken, deprive of strength; opes
civitatis, Cic. ; vires ingenii, Ov.
comminiis, adv. (con and manue). A. Lit.,
a, milit. t. t. (opp. eminus), hand to hand, in-
close combat; nee eminus hastis aut communis
gladiis uteretur, Cic. ; comminus acriter instare.
Sail. ; luauum comminiis conserere, Liv. ; of
limit inr, coir minus ire in apros, Ov. ; b.. gee-
com
111
com
dose at hand; comminus ad aliqueiu accedere,
Cic B. Transf. , /ace to face; commiuus aspicere
aliquem, Ov.
commis, commi, cumniis = gumini (q.v.),
commisceo -miscfti -mixtuiii, or -niistum,
2. to mix together, to mix up. A. Lit, ignem
Vestae cum connnuni urbis incendio, Cic. ; com-
mixta frusta mero cruento, Verg. B. Transf.,
temeritatem cum sapientia, Cic.
commiseratio -onis, f. (commiseror), in
rhetoric, the part of an oration intended to ex-
cite pity, Cic. ; absol., an affecting tone (of voice),
Cic.
commiseresco, 3. to pity, Ter.
commiseror, 1. dep. 1, to pity, commiserate,
bewail; fortunam, Nep. ; 2, of a speaker, to ex-
cite pity ; quum commiserari, conquori coeperit,
Cic. "
commissio -onis, f. (committo). A. a con-
test or struggle for a prize, Cic. B. Meton., a
showy declamation, Sen.
commissum -i, n. (cominitto). I. some-
tiling undertaken, an undertaking; supererat
nihil aliud in temere commisso quam, etc., Liv. ;
esp., a, a crime, fault, transgression ; factum
aut commissum audacius, Cic. ; b, confiscation,
Quint. II. a secret ; commissa enuntiare, Cic.
commissura -ae, f. (cominitto). A. a join-
ing together, connection, joint, knot; molles digi-
turum, Cic. B. Transf., connexion of a speech,
the thread of a discourse, Quint.
committo -misi -missum, 3. to unite, con-
nect, combine. I. Lit., duas noctes, Ov. ; opera,
Liv. ; nondum commissa inter se munimenta,
Liv. II. Transf., 1, a, to begin, set on foot;
puguaiu or pugnam cum aliquo, Cic. ; proelium,
Caes. ; bellum, Liv. 1 ; ludos, Cic. ; b, to commit
a crime ; tautum facinus, Cic. ; multa et in deos
et in homines impie, Cic; c, absol., to commit a
crime, to sin ; nemo enim committeret, Cic; con-
tra legem, Cic. ; with ut and the subj., to bring
it about that ; non committam posthac utine ac-
cusare de_ epistolarum negligentia possis, Cic. ; d,
to incur 'a punishment ; poenam, Cic. ; perf.
partic, forfeited; hereditas Veneri Erycinae
commissa, Cic. ; e, to entrust, commit to, reflex.,
to venture, risk oneself; se in scnatum, Cic ; se
urbi, Cic ; aliquem iidei potestatique eius, Cic. ;
collum tonsori, Cic ; alicui rempublicam, Liv. ;
committere alicui, ut videat ne quid res pub-
lica detriment! capiat, Cic.
commode, adv. (commodus), a, rightly,
properly, fitly, appropriately ; dicere, Cic; min-
us commode audire, to have an indifferent repu-
tation, Cic. ; b, agreeably, pleasantly ; feceris ig-
itur commode mihique gratum si, etc., Cic; c,
satisfactorily ; navigare, Cic.
commoditas -atis, f. (commodus). I. a,
proportion, symmetry ; corporis, Cic. ; vitae, Cic;
b, convenience; ob commoditatein itineris, Liv.;
C, fitness, a fit occasion; commoditas ad faciend-
um idonea, Cic; d, advantage; qui ex bestiis
fructus, quae commoditas percipi potest, Cic.
II. of persons, complaisance, kindness, Ov.
cotnmodo, 1. (commodus), 1, to make Jit,
adapt, accommodate, Plin. ; 2. a, to adapt oneself
to suit another person, to please, oblige, serve;
ut eo libentius iis commodes, Cic. ; b, with
ace, to furnish, lend, give; nomen suuin alicui,
Cic. ; reipublicae tempus, Liv. ; alicui aurem,
Ov.; to lend for a time ; alicui aurum, Cic.
1. commodum, adv. (commodus), a, at the
right time, opportunely ; commodum enim eger-
ara diligentissirae, Cic. ; b, with quum or post-
quam and the indie, just; commodum disctss-
fjas heri, -quuai Trebatius veait, Cic.
2. commodum -i. u. (coounodus), a, con-
venience; nostro commodo, at our convenience,
Cic; commodo tuo, Cic. ; per coininodum, Liv. ;
quod commodo valetudinis tuae liat, Cic. ; com-
modo reipublicae faccroaliquid, Cic; commodum
alicuius exspectare, Cic. ; b, use, advantage, con-
venience; pacis, Cic; sui commodi causa no-
cere alteri, Cic; servire or consulere alicuius
commodis, Cic; p\ur. , favour, privileges, preroga-
tives; tribunatus (minium) coinmoda, Cic; c,
loan; qui forum et basilicas commodis hospituin,
non furtis nocentium ornarent, Cic.
1. commodus -a -um (com and modus). I.
a, proper, Jit, appropriate, convenieiit, satisfactory ;
valetudine minus commoda uti, Caes. ; litterae
satis commodaede Britannicis rebus, Cic; with
dat., nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est, Cic ;
commodum est, it pleases,' is agreeable ; si tibi
erit commoduni, Cic; with ace. and infill.,
nihil duco esse coinmodius, quamde his. rebus
nihil jam amplius scribere, Cic; h,eusy, con-
venient; iter, Liv. II. friendly, obliging, plea-
sant; mores commodi, Cic
2. Commodus -i, in. Roman emperor from
186-102 a.d.
commolior, 4. dep. to set in, motion; ful-
mina, Lucr.
commonefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass.
commonefio -factus sum, -fieri (commoneo
and facio), to remind, warn; aliquem etiam at-
que etiam, Cic. ; aliquem benencii sui. Sail. ;
with ace. of thing, istius turpem calamitosam-
que praeturam, Cic
commoneo -ui -Hum, 2. to remind, warn,
impress upon, bring to one's recollection ; ..quod
vos lex comnionuit, Cic. ; quin is unoquoque
gradu de avaritia tua oonimoneretur, Cic. ; non
exprobrandi caus.a, sed commoiiendi gratia, Cic ;
amnios de periculo, Cic. ; quum quidam ex illis
amicis commouerent oportere decerni, Cic.
commonstro, 1. to show fully and distinctly j
aurum alicui, Cic
commoratio -onis, f. (commoror), a delay-
ing, loitering, lingering; tabellariorum, Cic;
rhet.t.t., the dwelling for some time on one point,
Cic.
commorior -mortuus, 3. dep. to die together
with; with dat., hostibus, Sail. • •
commoror, 1. dep. to delay, linger, make a
stay in any pikxee, sojourn, tarry,' remain ; a,
Romae, Cic. ; imam noctem ad Helorum, Cic. ;
apud aliquem, Cic ; tig., consilium tuum diutius
in armis civilibus commorandi, Cic. ; b, rhet.
t.t. to dwell on; pluribus verbis in eo, Cic.
commotio -onis, f. (commoveo), an emotion,
excitement; animi, Cic.
conimotiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of commotio),
a slight indisposition, Cic.
commotus -a -um, p. adj. (from commoveo),
1, tottering, insecure, unsteady; aes alienum,
Tac ; gonus (dicendi) in agendo, Cic. ; 2, moved
in mind, excited ; animus commotior, Cic.
commoveo -movi -motum, 3. I. Lit. to
move entirely or violently, to shake, to move from a
place ; 1, se ex eo loco, Cic. ; castra ex eo loco, to
cause the army to advance, Cic. ; sacra, to carry
about (at festivals, etc.) the statues of the gods and
the sacred utensils, Verg. ; nummum, to employ
in commerce, Cic. ; colunmas, to carry off, Cic. ;
2, a, to hunt; cervum, Verg.; b, to cause to
yield or give way ; hostium aciem, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, of the mind or the passions^, to
move, influence, disturb; his omnes, in quibus
est virtutis indoles, commoventur, Cic. ; aut
libidine aliqua aut metu rfommotum esse, Cic. ;
nova atque inutitata. specie commotus, Caes. ■;
eiusdeci iniserjis ac cericulis coruraovatur, Cic. ; ;
quum esset ex aere alieno comznota civitas, Cio,'
com
112
com
t
2, to call forth, produce, cause; risum, Cie. ;
magnum et accrbum dolorem, Cic. ; bellum ant
tnmultum, Cic. ; 3, to treat of, nova quaedum,
Cic. (contracted perf. forms cominossem, eom-
mosset, commo.sse, Cic).
commiinlcatlo -onis, f. (communico), 1, a
communicating, imparting ; consilii, Cic. ; 2, a.
rhetorical figure = avaKoivmm.<;, in, which the orator
pretends to considt the audience, Cic.
communico, 1. (communis), to share, divide.
with, communicate ; 1, judicia cum equestri or-
dine communicata erant, Cic. ; rem cum aliquo,
Cic. ; 2, to communicate, impart, inform, by
speaking or writing; consilia, Caes.; de societate
multa inter se, Cic-; to take counsel with, confer
with; cum aliquo de maximis rebus, Cic; 3, to
join, unite ; quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis
nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis aestim-
atione facta cum dotibus communicant, Caes. ;
4, to share something with one; curam doloris
sui cum aliquo, Cic.
1. communlo -ivi or -li -itum, 4. to fort 'fy
thoroughly on all sides; castella, Caes.; transf.,
to fortify, strengthen; causam testimoniis, Cic,
2. oommunio -onis, f. (communis), com-
munion, mutual participation; inter quos est
communiu legis, inter cos communio juris est,
Cic
communis -e (old form commoinis, from
com and root MOIN, MUN, whence moenia,
inunus). A. common, general, universal, ordinary,
•usual, i>ublic(opp.\-)TO\mus = individuat, private);
loca, public places, Cic ; loci, philosophical or
rhetorical commonplaces, Cic. ; With genit., com-
munis hominuiu inflrmitas, Cic; with dat., mors
omni aetati est communis, Cic. ; with cum and
the abl., quocum fuit et doim-s et militia com-
munis Cic; with inter se, muUasuntcivibus in-
ter se communis, Cic. ; subst., commune -is,
n., 1, the common property of a corporation ; quod
jus statues communi dividundo, Cic. ; 2, state,
commonwealth; Siciliae, Cic. ; in commune, adv..
a, for tlie public good, for common use; in com-
mune coiiferre, Cic ; b, Cm general, Tac B.
Transf., of persons, affable, condescending ; Cyrum
miuorem communem erga Lysandrum atque
humanum fuisse, Cic
communltas -atis, f. (communis). I. com-
munity, fellowship; nulla cum deo homini com-
munitas, Cic. II. Transf., a, the desire for
human society, Cic. ; b, condescension, affability,
Nep.
communiter, adv. (communis), in common
with others, jointly, generally, Cic.
commurmuror, 1., dep. to mutter, mur-
mur ; ut scriba secuin ipse coinmui luuratus sit,
Cic.
commutabllis, -e (commuto), changeable;
a, vitac ratio, Cic; b, rhet. t. t., exordium,
such as could be easily adapted to a speech on the
other side of the question, Cic
commutatlo -onis, f. (commuto), a change,
alteration; temporum, Cic, aestuuin, Caes.
commutatus -us, in., a change, alteration,
Lucr.
commuto, 1. A. to change, alter entirely;
ctirauiu, Cic; iter, Caes.; temporal in lioras
coiiuiiutantur, Cic; reipublieao statum, Cic;
coiisiliimi, Caes.; seiitentiam, Cic; nihil com-
mutari ammo, Cic. B. to exchange, change some-
thing for something else; gloriam constantiae CUM
carrtate vitae, Cic; (Idem suam ct religionem
pecunia, to barter, Cic.
como, cotnpai, comptum, S, (contr. from
coemo), to place together. I. (Jen., Lncr. II.
to place together in order, to arrange, adorn,
•jspecially of the \v,"\ to comb, plait, adorn;
capillos, Cic. ; tongas compta puclla comas, Ov.;
praccincti recto pueri comptiquo, Hor.
comocdia -ac, f. (Ku>fiwSia), a comedy, Cic.
comoedus -a -um (/cwn<p<5os), relating to «
comedy, comic; natio, Juv. ' Subst., coinoe-
dus -i, m. a comic actor, Cic.
comosus -a -um (coma), hairy, Phaedr.
COmpaciscor(conipeciseor),-pactus, or-pec-
tus, -pacisci 3., dep. to conclude an agreement,
make a compact with any one, Plant.
compactlo -onis, f. (compingo), a putting
or joining together ; membrorum, Cic
compactum -1, n. (compacisoor), a, compact,
agreement; compacto, Cic, de compacto, Plant.,
ex compacto, Suet., according to agreement.
compactus -a -um, p. adj. (from compingo),
thick-set, compressed, compact, Plin.
compages -is, f. (compingo). I. a joining
together, connexion; lapidum, Ov. ; quae (navis)
per se ipsa omnibus compagibus aquam aceip-
eret, Liv. II. Transf., dum sumus in his
inclusi compagibus corporis, bodily structure,
Cic.
compago -inis, f. — compages (q. v.).
COmpar-paris,nA'e, similar; postulatioLatin-
orum, Liv.; with dat., milites inilitibus com-
pares, Liv. Subst., compar -pans, c a com-
panion, equal, consort, spouse, Hor.
comparabllis -e (2. compare), capable of
comparison, comparable; comparabile est, quod
in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem con-
tinct, Cic
comparate, adv. (2. comparo), in compa-
rison, by comparison, Cic.
1. comparatio -onis, f. (1. comparo), a
preparing, preparation ; novi belli, Cic. ; veneni,
Liv. ; criminis, evidence necessary for an accusa-
lion, Cic.
2. compiSratio -5nis, f. (2. comparo). A.
a comparing, comparison; orationis suae cum
scriptis alienis, Cic ; utilitatum, Cic. ; compar-
atio quibus plurimum sit tribuendum, Cic. B.
In rhet., comparatio criminis, the set-off of a good
motive against a crime, Cic
COmparatlVUS -a -um (2. comparo), relating
to comparison, containing a comparison, compa-
rative; judicatio, Cic.
comparco (comperco) -parsi, -parsum, 3.
to scrape together, to save up, Ter.
compareo -parui, 2, 1, to appear, be visible;
cum subito sole obscunato nun comparuisset
(Romulus), Cic. ; 2, to be present, be in existence;
signa et dona comparere omnia, Cic.
1. comparo, 1. A. to prepare, get ready,
provide, furnish; convivium maguifice et ornate,
Cic. ; se, to make oneself ready, Cic ; insidias
alien i, Cic; classem, Cic. ; exercitum, Cic. ; rem
frumentariam, Caes. ; animum auditoris idoncc
ad reliquiiui dictionem, Cic ; alicui a civitatibus
laudationes per vim et nntuni, Cic; bellum
adversua aliquem, Caes. B. to arrange, settle,
dispose; 1, of character, sic fuimus semper
comparat i ut, etc., Cic; 2, of institutions, jura
praeclaia atquc divinitus a noslris majoiibus
comparata, Cic
2. comparo, l. (compar). I. Lit., a, to
form into pairs, to unite in jiairs, Cic; labellu,
labellis, riant. ; b, to bring together for a canted,
to match; comparari cum Aeserniuo Samnite,
cum patrono disertissimo, Cic. II. Transf., a,
to compare; et se mill! comparat Ajax? Ov. ;
homo similitudines comparat. Cic. ; Attico Ly-
sia': Catonem nostrum, Cic ; lueui'n factum cum
tuo comparo, Cic ; b, comparare provincias
inter t>c t or compsrare proviucias, or simply
com
113
com
comparare inter se (of magistrates), to come to
an agreement as to their several duties, Liv.
compasco -pavi -pastura, 3. to feed or graze
togetlw ; si compascuus ager est, jus est cora-
pascere, Cie.
compascuus -a -urn, relating to common
pasturage; ager, pasturage held in common, Cic.
compedlo, 4. (compes), to fetter, Plaut.
compellatlo -onis, f. (2. compello), anaccosl-
ing, rtouking, reprimanding ; crebrae vel potius
quotidianae compellationes, Cic.
1. compello -pfili -pulsum, 3. I. to drive to
one place, collect ; pecus totius provinciae, Cic.
II. to drive, force. A. Lit., consules e foro in
curiam, Liv.; naves in portum, Caes.; Romauos
in castra, Liv.; omne Auruucum bellum Poruet-
iam compulsum est, confined to, Liv. B. Transf.,
to force or impel a person to an action, to com-
pel; aliquem ad bellum, Ov. ; in eundem metum,
Liv. ; in lmnc sensum et allici beneticiis hom-
inum et compelli injuriis, Cic.
2. compello, 1. (intens. of 1. compello). I.
Gen., to address, accost, call by name; aliquem
voce, Verg. II. A. to address with blame and
reproach, chide, rebuke; aliquem edicto, Cic.
B. Legal t. t. ( to accuse before a court of justice ;
judicem, Cic.
compendiarius -a -urn (compendium),
short; via, Cic.
compendium -ii, n. (com and pendo, to weigh
together). A. saving, parsimony, and hence,
grain, profit, advantage (opp. dispendium) ; pri-
vato compendio servire, Caes. ; in re uberrima
turpe compendium effugere, Cic. B. a short
way, a short cut; per compendia maris assequi
aliquem, Tac.
compensatlo -onis, f. (compenso), a balanc-
ing of an account, compensation ; iucommoda
commodorum compensatione leuiant, Cic.
compenso, 1. to weigh together, to reckon one
thing against another, to balance; laetitiam cum
doloribus, Cic. ; summi labores uostri magna
compeusati gloria, Cic.
comperendinatio -onis, f. (comperendino),
a putting off a trial to the third day, Tac.
compe'rendinatus -us, m. = compereu-
dinatio (q.v.).
comperendino, 1. (com and perendinus),
to remand to the third day; reum, Cic;
absol., ut ante primos ludos, comperendiuem,
Cic.
comperio -peri -pertum, 4. (com and root
PER, whence peritus, periculum, and reperio,
experior), to find out, discover, gain certain infor-
mation of; haec certis nuntiis, certis auctoribus
comperisse, Cic; partic perf., certain, un-
doubted ; levem auditionem pro re comperta
habere, for a certainty, Caes. ; ea diciinus quae
comperta habemns, quae vidimus, Cic. ; com-
: rtitm narrarc, Sail.; with ace. and inlin.,
potsteaquain comperit emu posse vivere, Cic. ;
abl. absol., coiuperto, it having been discovered
for certain ; satis comperto Eordaeam petituros
Romanos, Liv.; with de and the abl., nihil de
hoc comperi, Cic. ; partic. perf., compertus (of
pel sons), convicted; probri, Liv.
comperior — comperio.
compes -pedis, f. a fetter or fool shackle, gen.
found iu the plur, Plaut; transf., qui in coni-
pedibus corporis semper fueruut, Cic. ; Telephum
tenet puella grata compede vinctum, Hor.
compesco -pescui, 3. (connected with com-
pes, compedio), to hold in, restrain, check, curb;
equum angustia habenis, Tib. ; seditionem exerc-
itus verbo uno, Tac. ; clamorem, Hor. ; ruiuos,
Verg,
competitor -oris, in. a competitor, Cic.
competitrix -icis, f. (competitor), a female
competitor, Cic.
competo -pfitivi aud -petti -petitum 3. to,
come together, to meet. A. Lit.,Varr. B. Transf.,
1, to agree, coincide in point of time; tempora cum
Othonis exitu competisse, Tac. ; 2, to be equal
to, capable of; ut vix ad anna capienda aptaml-
aque pugnae competcret animus, Liv. ; ncque
oculis neque auribus satis competebant, Tac.
compilatio -onis, f. (compilo), a pillaging,
hence (contemptuously), a compilation ; Chresti,
Cic.
compilo, l.(com and pilo = <J/iAo<o), to plunder,
rob ; faua, Cic. ; tig., ab ipsis capsis juris, cou-
sultorum sapientiam, Cic.
complngo -pegi -pactum, 3. (com aud paugo).
A. to put together, construct; part, perf., coni-
pactus, constructed, Cic, Verg. B. to confine,
hide, conceal; sein Apuliam, Cic. ; fig., in judicia
et contiuuculas tamquam iu aliquod pistiinum
detrudi et compingi, Cic.
CompitallClUS -a -uiu (compitalis), relat-
ing to the Compitalia ; dies, Cic ; ludi, Cic.
compitalis -e (compitum), relating or be-
longing to cross roads; Lares, the deities who
presided over cross roads, Suet. Subst. , Com-
pitalia -ium, n. the festival in honour of these
deities, celebrated on the cross roads on a day ap-
pointed by the praetor, shortly after the Satur-
nalia, Cic.
compitum -i, n. (competo), a place where
two or more roads meet, a cross road, Cic.
complaceo -cut or -citus sum, 2. 1, to please
several persons at once, Ter. ; 2, to please exceed-
ingly, Plaut.
complano, 1. to level; domum, to rate, Cic
complector -plexus -plecti, 3. dep. (com and
plecto). I. Lit. , 1, to embrace, encircle, surround,
encompass; aliquem medium, Liv. ; aliquem art-
ius, Cic; me artior somnus complexus est, Cic;
2, to enclose, surround; collem opere, Caes.; au-
imum mundi caelo, Cic II. Transf., l,.to hold
fast, master; quam (facultatem) quoniam com-
plexus es, tene, Cic. ; 2, to attach oneself to, es-
teem; quos fortuna complexa est, the favourites of
fortune, Cic. ; aliquem summabenevolentia, Cic ;
3, of the mind, to embrace, grasp, comprehend ;
omnia una comprehensione, Cic. ; 4. to unite in
oneself or itself; oranes omnium caritates patria
una complexa est, Cic.
complementum -i, n. (compleo), that
which completes or fills up, a complement ; inania
quaedam verba quasi complements numerorum,
Cic
compleo -plevi -pletum, 2. to fill up. T.
Lit., 1, fossas sarmentis et virgultis, Caes.;
paginam, Cic. ; multo cibo et potionc completi,
Cic. ; with genit., convivium vicinorum %iotidie
compleo, Cic; 2, niilit. t. t., to complete the
number of tm tirnny, fleet, etc. ; classem Roman-
am sociis navalibus, Liv. ; 3, to fill a space
with light, smell, shout, clamour, etc. ; omnia
olainoribus, Liv. ; sol cuueta sua luce lustrat
ct coinplet, Cic. II. Transf., 1, civitatem
suinnia spc et voluutate, Caes.; 2, to fulfil;
fata sua, Ov. ; centum ct septem auuos com-
plcssc, Cic; 3, of a suui, to make up; uequo
est adhue ea summa (imperati suuiptus) eoni-
plela, Cic; 4, to complete, finish; his rebus
coniplotis, Caes.
completus -a -urn, p. adj. (from compleo),
perfect, complete ; completus et perfectus verb-
orum ambitus, Cic.
coruplexlo -onis, f. (complector), 1, con-
nexion, combination; complexiones atoworum
com
114
com
inter se, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, a, brevis totius
Jiegotii, a short summary of the whole matter,
Cic. ; b, verboruni, or absol., a period, Cic. ; c,
in logic, the conclusion of a syllogism, Cic. ; d,
a dilemma, Cic.
complexus -us, in. (complector). A. a,
an embrace; aliquein de coinplexu inatris avell-
(.lc, Cic. ; currere ad alicuius complexion, Cic;
meton., a loved object ; de complexu eius ac simi,
from his favourites and bosom friends, Cic. ; b,
combat; complexmn armorum vitare, Tac; c,
surrounding, encompassing; qui (mundus) om-
nia coinplexu suo coercet et continct, Cic. B.
Transf., love for; coiuplexus totius geutis htl-
manae, Cic.
complico -iivi -Stum (-fli -ituin), 1. to Jold
together, fold up. I. Lit., epistolam, Cic. II.
Transf., coinplieata notio, confused, intricate, Cic.
comploratio -onis, f. (comploto), a lamen-
tation, a weeping and bewailing; mulievum com-
ploratio sui patriaeque, Liv.
comploratus -fls, m. = comploratio (q.v.).
comploro, 1. to bewail or weep, to lament
loudly and violently ; mortem, Cic. ; desperata
complorataque res est publica, Liv.
complures, ueut. coraplura.and (rarely)
compluria -ium, n. very many, Cic. Subst.,
several; complures ex iis, Caes.
compluriens (compluries), adv. (com-
plures), muny times, frequently, Plaut.
complusculi -ae, -a (complures), a yood
many, Plaut.
compiuvium -ii, n. (compluo. io flow to-
gether), the quadrangular roofless space in the
centre of a Roman house, through which the water
•.dlected on the roofs found its u-ay ta the impluvinm
below, Varr.
compono -pdsiU •pSsItinn, 3. to put, place,
lay, bring together. I. Gen., 1, in quo (loco) erant
ea compositi, quibns rex te iimiierare constitu-
ent, Cic. ; manibus maims atque oribus orn,
Vcrg. ; 2, a, to place together as opponents, Cic. ;
pergis pugnantia sccum pontibns adversis com-
ponere, Ilor. ; b, to compare; dignitati alicuius
suam, Cic. II. Esp. A. to collect together a ivhole
from several parts, compose; exercitus eius com-
positus ex variis gentibus, Sail.; venena, Ov. ;
aggerem tumuli, Verg. ; of writers, to compose;
volumeu de tuenda sanitate, Cic. ; oratio ad
eonciliandos plebis animos coniposita, Liv. B.
1, to compose, settle, arrange; anna, Ilor. ; opes,
Verg. ; cineroin, the a-ihes of the dead, Ov. ; se
thalan i > erg. ; 2, '" quiet, settle, reconcile ;
co'ntroversias reguui, Caes. : Armeniaiu, Tac. ;
amicus aversos, Hor. C. to place in a certain
order, arrange; 1 sidera, Cic ; classiarios in
numeros legionis, Tac. ; 2, rhet. t. t., to arrange
words in their order; verba componere et quasi
coagmentare, Cic. D. 1, to arrange, smooth;
comas, Ov. ; composito et delibnto capillo, Cic. ;
tngam, .Uor. ; vultum, Tac; 2, a, to dispose,
settle in a. particular way; itinera sic ut, etc.,
Cic ; auspicia ad utilitatem reipublicae coni-
posita, Cic. ; diem rei gerendae, Liv. ; ex com-
posito, as we agreed, Liv.; b, to invent, feign;
crimen et dolum, Tac
coraporto, 1. to carry, bring together, collect;
I m • nfuraabAsia, Caes.; armain templtim.Cie.
compos -potis (com and potis), having the
mastery or control of, possessed of, sharing in ;
animi.Ter. ; mentis, in. full possession of mental
faculties, Cic ; voti, one whose wish is fulfilled,
Hor., Liv. ; sciential compotem esse, to be abTe
to know ' something^.Cic. ; r*tionis et consilii
compos, Cic. ; qui me huius urbis cornpotem
fecerunt, er.ablid, rtzinot in, this cizy, Cic. ; turn
patriae compotem me numquam sirjs esse, Liv.
composite, adv. (compositus), 1, in an
orderly manner, in good order; composite et apto
diccre, Cic ; 2, quietly, Tac.
compositio -onis, f. (compono). a putting
together. I, Gen., a matching; gladiatorutn
compositiones, Cic. II. Esp. 1, a composing;
a, unguentorum, Cic ; b, of a book, juris ponti-
licalis, Cic. ; 2, a .settlement of differences;, pads,
concordiae, compositions auctor esse iion des-
titi, Cic. ; 3, arrangement. ; a, menibrorum, Cic;
b, anni, of the calendar, Cic. ; c, rhet. t. t., the
proper arrangement of words ; compositio apta,
Cic.
compositor -oris, m. (compono), an ar-
ranger, adjuster, Cic
compositura -ae, f. (compono), a connexion,
joining, a joint, Lucr.
compositus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and super!, (compono), placed together; 1, com-
posed, quieted; composito vultu, Tac; 2, well
arranged; composito agmine legiones ducere,
Tac. ; so of oiatory, oratio, Cic ; and of the orator
himself, orator, Cic. ; 3, peacefully governed,
settled; respublica, Cic. ; hence subst., compo-
Sita, -orum, n. the orderly condition of a state,
Sail. ; 4, a, prepared; ut nemo unqu3in com-
positior ad judicium venisse videatur, Cic. ;
D, feigned, pretended, studied; indignatio, Tac-
CompotatlO -6nis, f. adrinking party (trans-
lation of o-vfi-nocnov), Cic.
compotio, 4. (compos), to make partaker of,
Plaut. ; passive, to become partaker of, Plaut.
compotor -oris, in. a. drinking companion,
Cic.
compotrix -icis, f. (compotor), a female
drinking companion, Ter.
compransor -oris, m. a dinner companion,
boon companion, Cic.
comprecatio -onis, f. (eomprecor), suppli-
cation of a deity; haec sollemnis deorum com-
precatio, Liv.
comprecor, L, dep. to pray to, supplicate;
caelestum fidem, Cat. ; Cytherea, comprecoc,
ausis assit, Ov.
comprehendo (comprendo) -prebendi
(-prendi) -prehensuni (-prensum), 3. to seize, lay
hold of. A. Lit, 1, quid o]>us est manibus si
nihil comprehendendum est? Cic. ; igneni, to
catch fire, Verg. ; ignis robora comprendit, seizes
on, Verg. ; avidis comprenditur ignibus agger,
Ov. ; without igne, comprehensa aedificia, Liv. ;
2, as a suppliant, to seize a 2icrson's hand; coin-
prehendunt utrumque et orant, Caus. ; 3, to at-
tack, lay hold of in a hostile manner, seize, cap-
ture; a, persons, tarn capitaleni hostein, Cic;
aliquem vivum in fuga, Caes.; aliquein in furto,
Cic. ; b, animals, etc., to seize, carry off; redas
equosque, Caes. ; c, to seize a place; aliis com-
prehensis collibus, Caes. ; 4, to discover or reveal
acrime; nefandumadulteriuin, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, to embrace; multos ainicitia, Cic ; 2, to com-
prise, include; quae omnia una cum deorum
notione comprehendiinus, Cic. ; 8, to relate, ex-
press, tell in words or writing; breviter com-
prehensa sententia, Cic ; ne plura consecter,
compvehendam brevi, Cic ; 4, aliouid numero,
to count, express in numbers, Verg. ; 5, to com-
prehend, perceive; sensu or seniibus, Cic;
animo intelligentiam alicuius rei, Cic. ; intel-
ligere et cogitatione comprebendere qualis sit
auimus, Cic. ; esse aliquid.'quod compreher.di et
percipi posset, Cic.
comprehension's -e (comprehendo), that
which can be comprehended, comprehensible; Da-
tura non comprehensibilis, Cic
comprehenslo -Jnii, f. (co~pretic2do), 4
seising with the hands, laying holaof. A. Lit^
com
11-5
con
1, Cic. ; 2, a hostile seizing, apprehending ; son-
tiuiii, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a perceiving, compre-
hending, comprehension ; complecti omnia una
coiupreheiisione, Cic; 2, a period, sentence;
verba couiprchensioiio devmcire, Cic.
comprendo = comprehendo (q.v.).
compresse, adv. (compressus), briefly, con-
cisely, succinctly, Cic. ; comprcssius loqui, Cic.
compressio -olds, f. (comprimo), compres-
sion of style, conciseness ; compressioue reruni
"breves, Cic.
l. compressus -a-uui, partic. of comprimo.
•_'. compressus, abl. -u, m. (comprimo), a
pressing together, pressure, embrace, Cic.
comprimo -pressi -pressum. 3. (com and
piemo), to press, squeeze together, compress. A.
Lit, 1, quum digitos compresserat et pugiium
fecerat, Cic. ; prov., compressis mauibus sedeie,
to sit with folded hands, idle, Liv. ; 2, to press to-
gether, make closer or tighter; ordines, to close the
ranks, Liv. B. Trausf., 1, to hold back; a,
frumentuin, to keep in the garner, not to sell,
Cic. ; b, to suppress; delicta magna, Cic. ; 2, to
check ; plausus ipse admiratione compressus est,
Cic; gressum, Verg. ; 3, to crush, subdue;
furentis homiuis conatuuj atque audaciam, Cic. ;
seditionem, Liv.
comprobatio -onis, f. (comprobo), approval,
Cic.
comprobator -oris, m. (comprobo), one who
approves, Cic. .
comprobo, 1., 1, to approve fully; oratiouem
omnium assensu, Liv. ; istam tuam seutentiam
laudo veheinentissimeque comprobo, Cic. ; 2, to
confirm, prove, establish; patns dictum sapiens
temeritas hlii comprobavit, Cic.
compromissum -i, n. (compromitto), a
mutual agreement to abide by the decision of an
arbitrator; deliac pecunia compromissum facere,
Cic.
compromitto -inisi -missum, 3. to agree to
refer a cause to arbitration, Cic.
Compsa -ae, f. town, of the Hirpini in, Sam-
ni am (now Coma) ; hence, Compsanus-a -urn,
(/ or belonging to Compsa.
1. comptus -a -uni, p. adj. with compar.
and superl. (from coino), ornamented, adorned;
oratio, Cic.
. 2. comptus -us, m. (como). I. a head-dress,
Lt.icr. II. a band, tie, Lucr.
compungo -jmnxi -punctum, 3. to prick,
puncture on all sides. I. Phaedr. ; fig., ipsi se
compungunt suis acuminibus, Cic. II. to mark;
barbaruseompuiic'tusnotisThreiciis,tottooed,Cic
computo, 1. to reckon together, calculate, com-
pute ; rationem digitis, Plaut. ; facies tua goiu-
putat annos, shows thy age, Juv. ; absol., com-
putarat, pecuniam impetrarat, Cic.
computresco -putrui, 3. to putrefy, Lucr.
Comum -i, n. (K&futv), a town in Cisalpine
Gaul, now Como. Adj., Comensis -c, of or be-
longing to Comum.
con = com (q.v.).
cenamen -minis, n. (conor), an effort, en-
deavour, Lucr., Ov.
conatum -i, n. (conor), an undertaking ; gen.
in plur., conata efficere, Cic
conatus -Us, m. (conor), a, an attempt,
effort, undertaking; hoc conatu desistere, Cic. ;
compressi tuoa nefarios conatus, Cic. ; b, troubU,
difficulty, effort; tumultus Gallicus baud magno
conatu brevi oppressus est, Liv. ; c. impulse,
iiuMruuian; ut (beluae) .eocatu:n habertnt ad
adturalfcs pastm, capessendoi, Cic.
concaco, 1. to drjile all over, Phaedr.
concaedes -lum, f. a barricade if trees, Tac.
concalefacio (coucalfacfo) -feci -factum,
3., and pass, concalcfio (coucalfio), -factus
sum, to warm thoroughly ; bracllium, Cic.
concaleo, 2. to be warm through ami through,
riant.
concalesco -calui (inchoat. of concaleo), 3.
A. Lit., to become thoroughly wa.rm; corpora
nostra ardore animi concalescunt, Cic: B.
Transf., to glow with love, Tur.
concallesco -callui, 3. a, to become .^prac-
tised ; tamquam manus operu, sic animus usu
concalluit, Cic. ; b, to become callous or without
feeling, Cic.
Concani -orum, in. <sing., Conoanus,
Hor.), a savage tribe in S}xiin, who drank horses'
blood.
concastigo, 1. to punish, chastise severely,
Plaut.
concavo, 1. (concavus), to hollow out, make
hollow or concave; brachia geminos in artus,
curves, bends, Ov.
concavus -a -urn, hollow, vaulted, arched,
concave; cymbala, Lucr. ; altitudines spelunc
arum, Cic; aqua, welling up, Ov.
concedo -cessi -cessuin, 3. to go away, de-
part, retire, withdraw. I. Lit., superis ab oris,
Verg. ; ab alicuius oculis aliquo, Cic. ; cum cou-
jugibus ac liberis in arcem Capitoliumque, Liv.;
docet uude fulmen veuerit, quo concesserit, Cic;
coucedere vita, to die, Tac; so absol., quando
concessero, Tac. II. Transf., 1, to cease; tumor
omnia et irae concessere deum, Verg. ; 2, a, to
submit; iu alicuius ditionem, Liv.; b, to pass
over to some one's side or party or view; in At-
tali seutentiam, Liv.; 3, to yield; a, intrausit,
(a) voluptas concedit dignitati, Cic. ; coucedere
naturae, to die a natmxU death. Sail. ; (fi) to give
in to; alicuius postulationi, Cic. ; (y) to pardon ;
alienis peccatis, Cic; b, transit., (a). to yield',
give up; alicui libertatem in aliqua re, Cic;
concedant, ut hi viri boni fuerint, let them ad-
mit, Cic. ; alicui primas in diceudo partes, Cic. ;
(|3) reipublicie dolorem atquc amicitias suas,
sacrifice, Cic.
coucelebr o, 1. I. Lit. , to visit a place often,
or ui large companies, Lucr, II. Transf., A. Of
any occupation, to pursue eagerly, assiduously;
studia per otium, Cic. B. to celebrate a festivity;
diem natalem, Plaut. ; spectaculum, Liv. C.
to pmise, extol; fama et litteris eius diei victo-
riain, Cic
ConcenatlO -onis, f. (conceuo), a supping to-
gether (translation of Gr. anivSemyov), Cic.
concentio -onis, f. (concino), a singing to-
getlter, harmony, Cic.
concentus -us, m. (concino). A. a singing
together, harmony; avium, Cic; tubarum ac
cornuum, Liv. B. Transf., agreement, harmony
of opinion, unity, concord; melior actionum quam
sonoruni concentus, Cic.
conceptio -6uis, f. (concipio). 1, a, con-
ceplion, a becoming pregnant, Cic. ; 2, the draw-
ing up of legal formulae, Cic.
conceptus -us, in. (concipio), a conceiving,
pregnancy, Cic.
concerpo -cerpei -cerptum, 3. (com and
carpo), to pull, pluck, tear in pieces. I. Lit.,
epiktolas, Cic. II. Transf., aliquem ferventis-
bime, a p. Cic.
concertatlo -onis, f. (concerto), • contest?
strife; 1, magistratuuxr, Cic; 2, ' contest in
vords, isrcngling, dispute; sine jejuna concern
tatione verborum, Cic, :
con
116
con
concertator -oris, m. (concerto), a rival,
Tac
concertatorlus -a -um (concerto), relating
to a contest in words; genus dieendi, Cic.
concerto, 1. to strive eagerly; 1, proelio,
Cic. ; 2, csp. of dispute in words, nuiiquam
accidit ut cum eo verbo uno eoncertarcm, Cic.
concessio -onis, f. (concedo), a yielding,
granting; 1, agrorum, Cic; 2, rhet. t. t., an
admission of a fault, Cic.
concesso, 1. to cease, leave off, Plaut.
concessus -us, m. (concedo), permission,
leave; geu. iu abl., concessu omnium, Cic.
concha -ae, f. ("coyx 1 !)- I. Lit., 1, a mussel,
Cic. ; 2, a, mussel-shell, Cic. ; poet., pearl,
conehae teretesquc lapilii, Ov. ; 3, the shell-
Jish which, yielded the purple dye, Lucr.; poet.,
purple dye, Ov. II. Melon., a vessel in the
shape of a shell; 1, concha salis puri, salt-cellar,
Hor. ; funde capacious unguenta do conchis,
Hor. ; 2, the horn of Triton, Ov.
conoheus -a -um (concha), relating to a
mussel-shell; bacca, a pearl, Verg.
conchis -is, f. (koyx°0> a kind of bean boiled
with, its pod, Juv.
conchita -ae, m. (toyx'T), a mussel gatherer,
Plaut.
conchy Hatus -a -um (couchylium), purple;
peristromata, Cic.
couchylium -li, n. (koyx^""^ a mussel, or
gen. shell-jish. I. Gen., Cic. II. Esp., 1, an
oyster, Cic. ; 2, the shell-fish which yielded a
purple dye, Lucr.; meton.. a, purple dye ; vtstis
conchylio tincta, Cic. ; D, a purple garment,
Juv.
1. concldo -Idi, 3. (com and cado), to fall
down, tumble to the ground, sink down. A. Lit.,
1, of things, concidat caelum omne necesse
est, Cic. ; repentina ruiua pars eius turris con-
cidit, Cacs. ; 2, of the winds, to drop ; concidunt
venti fuziuutque naves, Hor.; equus eius aute
signuni Jovis Statoris siue causa concidit, Cic ;
in battle, ita pugnans concidit, Caes. B.
Transf., 1, to sink, perish, waste away; ueque
euim tarn facile opes Carthaginis tantae eon-
cidissent, Cic; turn ferocia omnis concidit, Liv. ;
2, of persons, a, tobe ruined, overthrown, to fail;
malas causas semper obtinuit, in optima con-
cidit, Cic; at law, to lose; judicum vocibus
fractus reus et una patroni omnes conciderunt,
Cic. ; b, ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti
conciderent, be disheartened, Cic.
2. concido -cidi -cisum, 3. (com and caedo).
I. to cut up, cut in pieces, cut down, strike to the
ground. A. Lit., concisos equites nostros a bar-
baris mintiabant, Cic. B. to overthrow, annihil-
ate; Antonium decretis suis, Cic. II. A. to beat
severely, cudgel; aliquein virgis, Cic. B. 1, a,
to cut in pieces; nervos, Cic. ; b, to cut through ;
inagllOB Hcrobibus montes, Verg. ; prdestria itin-
era concisa aestuariis, Cic; 2, rhct. t. t., to
divide tin) minutely, Cic. ; 3, logic, t. L, to ana-
lyse, Cic.
concico -civi -cltum, 2. and (iu prose gen.)
concio -ivi -itum, 4. to stir up; 1, (Jen., a, to
move violently; concita navis, Ov. ; concita tlu-
mina, Ov. ; b, of iiicd, to summon, bring to-
gether ; tot-am urbcin, Liv. ; excrcitutn ex lota
insula, Liv. ; 2, to cicite, disturb ; a, concita
frcta, Vcrg. ; b, of men, to rouse, stir up;
plebeni c6ntionibus, Liv. ; immani coucitus ir.i,
VVrg ; c, to produce, cause, promote; bellum in
his pruvinciis, Liv.
cr.ncillabulum -i, n. (concilio), a place of
assembly, market place ; uuudinas et conciljabula
obire, Liv.
conciliatio -Onis, f. (concilio). I. a unit-
ing, joining ; l f communem totius generis lium-
iniini conciliatioiiein ct consociatioitein colere,
Cic; 2, a, a uniting in opinion, conciliating ;
aut conciliationis causa leniter ant pennotionis
velieiiienter aguntur, Cic ; rhet. 1. 1, the gaining
the favour of the audience, Cic. ; b, inclination;
prima est euim conciliatio hominis ad ea, quae
suut secundum naturam, Cic II. a procuring,
acquiring; gratiae, Cic.
conciliator -oris, iu. (concilio), one who
prepares, procures; nuptiarum, a match-nuiker,
Nep. ; proditionis, Liv.
conciliatricula -ae, f. (dim. of concilia-
trix), that which conciliates, Cic.
conciliatrix -icis, f. (conciliator). I. one
who unites, a match-maker, Cic. II. Transf.,
that which causes, promotes, brings about ; vis ora-
tionis conciliatrix huiuaiiae societatis, Cic
1. conciliatus -a -um, p. adj. with coin-
par, and superl. (from concilio), 1, beloved by,
Hamilcari conciliatus, Liv. ; 2, inclined to, ut
judex ad rem accipiendain liat conciliatior, Cic.
2. conciliatus, abl. -u, in. the union, con-
nexion of atoms, Lucr.
concilio, 1. (concilium), to bring together.
I. to unite, connect. A. corpora, Luer. B. to
unite in sentiment, win over; 1, gen., legiones
sibi pecunia, Cic. ; aninios plebis, Liv. ; 2, to
recommend, make acceptable; dictis artes coneil-
iare suas, Ov. II. A. to procure, prepare, pro-
vide, furnish; 1, geu., pecunias, Cic. ; 2, to
bring together, unite; couciliari viro, Cat. B. to
bring about, cause, procure; sibi amorein ab
omnibus, Cic. ; nuptias, Nep.
concilium -li, u. (com and cio = cieo). I.
a union, connexion; reruni, Lucr. II. 1, a.
coming together, assembling ; Caiuenaruln cum
Egeria, Liv. ; 2, an assembly ; a, pastorum, Cic. ;
deorum, Cic. ; b, an assembly for deliberation, a
council; (a) outside Rome, Gallorum, Liv.; con-
cilium Achaicum, the Achaean League, Liv. ; con-
stituere diem concilio, Caes. ; cogere or convo-
care coucilium, Caes.; aliquein adhibere ad con-
cilium, Caes. ; (ft) in Rome, concilium sanctum
patrum, Hor. ; concilium plebis habere, to hold
a meeting of the comitia tributa, Liv. ; populi, of
the comitia cenluriata, Liv.
concinne, adv. with com par. (concinnus),
elegantly, neatly, finely, tastefully ; rogare, Cic. ;
distiibuere, to arrange a speech artistically, Cic.
concinnltas -ittis, f. (concinnus), elegance
and harmony of style; verburum or sententiar-
um, Cic.
concinnitudo -inis, f. = concinnitas (q.v.).
concinno, 1. (concinnus). I. to put or Jit
together carefully, to arrange; muuusculum ali-
cui, ap. Cic. II. Transf., to produce, cause;
amorein, Lucr.
concinnus -a -um, well put together. I.
phasing, that which pleases on account of harmony
andproportion, elegant, neat. A. (Ion., satedepol
conclunaest virgo facie, Plaut. ; tectorium, Cic;
helluo, elegant, Cic B. Esp. of discourse, tune-
ful, polished; oratio, Cic; concinnus et elegans
Arisln, Cic. II. suited, Jit, appropriate, pleasing;
concinnus amicis, Hor.
concino -cTnui -ceiilum, 3. (com and cano),
I. Intransit. A. Lit., tn sing in chorus, plan in-
struments in concert; concinunt tubae, Liv. ;
sic ad vada Maeandri concinit albus o!or, Ov.
B. Transf., a, to join together in an utterance, to
agree in saying ; ne juvet vox ista VETO, qua
concineutes collegas auditis, Liv. ; b, to agree
together, harmonise; cum Peripatetieis re con-
ciuere, verbis discrepare, Cic. II. Transit. A,'
oon
117
oon
LiU, haec quum coucinuutur, Cic. ; carmen ad
clausas fores, Ov. B. Transf. to celebrate;
laetos dies, Hor. C. to prophesy ; tristia oniina,
Ov.
1. ConoiO = concieo (q.v.).
2. conclo -r.uis = contio (q.v.).
concionabundus -a -um, v. contiona-
bundus.
conoionalis -e, v. contionalis.
concionarius -a -um, v. contionarius.
concionator, v. oontionator.
concionor, v. contionor.
conciplo -cEpi -ceptum, 3. (com and capio),
to take together, hold together. I. Gen. A. Lit,
to contain, hold; multum ignem trullis ferreis,
Liv. B. Transf., of words, to express in a certain
form; verba, jusjnranduin, Liv. ; quod EX ANI-
JUI SENTENTIA juraris, sicnt concipitur more
nostro, according to oiir customary form, Cic. ;
conceptis verbis jurare, Cic. ; vadimonium, Cic;
so, 1, to repeat words after another person, Qu.
Marcio Philippo praeeunte in foro votum, Liv. ;
pieces, Ov.; 2, to publish, conclude; foedus, Verg.;
3, concipere sunmias, to give the totals, Liv. XL
Esp. A. Lit. , 1, of fluids, to take in, draw in, suck ;
concipit Iris aquas, Ov. ; terra caducas concepit
lacrimas, Ov. ; 2, of fire, to catch fire ; materies,
quae nisi admoto igni ignem concipere possit,
Cic. ; tig., of love, quern mens mea concipit
ignem, Ov. ; 3, of air, to draw in; pars(animae)
concipitur cordis parte quadain, quern ventricul-
um cordis appellant, Cic. ; 4, to conceive; quinn
concepit inula, Cic. ; tig., hoc quod conceptum
respublioa periculum parturit, Cic. ; 5, of phy-
sical qualities, to take, gain; alias aliasque vires,
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to receive, incur, commit;
dedecus, Cic. ; sceliis, perpetrate, Cic. ; 2, to
feel ; iram iutimo aninio et corde, Cic. ; spem
regni, Liv. ; 3, to fancy, imagine; quid minim si
in auspiciis imbecilli aniini superstitiosa ista
conci piant, Cic. ; 4, to comprehend, grasp ;reruin
omnium quasi adumbrates intelligentias aninio
sc meute c, Cic.
concise, adv. (concisus), in detached or
minute portions; hence, concisely, Quint.
concislo -onis, f. (2. concido), rhet. t. t.,
the breaking up of a clause into divisions, Cic.
oonclsus -a -um, p. adj. (from 2. concido),
divided into short sentences, brief, concise; sen-,
tentiae, Cic.
concitatio -onis, f. (concito), 1, quick move-
ment; remorum, Liv. ; 2, tumult, sedition;
plebi contra patres concitatio et seditio, Cic. ;
3, disturbance of the mind, passion; ab onini
concitatione auimi semper vacare, Cic.
concitator -oris, m. (concito), one ivho ex-
cites, stirs up; seditionis, Cic.
concitatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from concito), 1, quick, rapid ; conversio
caeli, Cic. ; qnain concifatissimos equos immitt-
ere, spur the lutrses to a full gallop, Liv. ; conci-
tatior clamor, louder, Liv. ; 2, excited, violent,
passionate, contio, Cic.
concito, 1. (freq. of concieo). I. 1, to move
quickly, violently, stir up, excite; equum calcari-
bus, to spur to o gallop, Liv. ; naveni remis,
Liv. ; Eurus concitat aquas, Ov. ; esp. to sum-
mon by the voice; servos ex omnibus vicis, Cic. ;
concitare aciein, to move forward the army,
Liv. ; se concitare in hostein, to rush against
the enemy, Liv.; 2, to stir up, incite, impel;
Etruriam omnem adversus Romanos, Liv. ;
omnem Galliam ad suum auxilium, Caes. ; ani-
mi quodain impetu concitatus, Cic. II. to
cause, produce; seditioTiem ac discordiam, Cic;
invidiam in aliquem, Cic ,
concitor -oris, m. (concieo), one who excite),
stirs up; belli, vulgi, Liv.
oonciuncula -ae = contiuncula (q.v.).
conclamatio -onis, f. (conclamo), an excla-
mation, shouting together; universi exarcitua,
Caes.
conclamito, 1. (intens. of conclamo), to
shout loudly, cry violently, Plaut
conclamo, 1. 1, to shout wgetlter, in com-
pany ;ad arma, to call to arms, :*?. ; vasa, to give
the signal for packing up baggage before a march,
Caes. ; with ace and infin., vos universi una
mente atque voce iteruin a me conaervatam esse
rempublicam conclainastis, Cic. ; with ut and
the sub), to demand loudly; conclamaverunt, uti
aliqui exnostris ad colloquium prodirent, Caes;
with indirect question, conclainavit, quid ad se
venirent, Caes. ; esp. a, of a shout of joy; ad
quorum casum quum conclamasset gaudio Al-
banus exercitus, Liv. ; with ace, couclamare
victoriam, Caes.; b, of a cry of grief, aliquem
couclamare, to bewail the death of some one, Yerg. ;
2, to call together; couclamare socios, Ov.
conclave -is, n. (coin and clavis), a rooi/i,
chamber, a dining-room, a bedroom, Cic.
conclude -cliisi -clusum, 3. (com and eludn
= claudo). A. Lit. to shut up, inclose, confine-
bestias delectationis causa, Cic. ; mare concln
um, an inland sea, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to in-
clude, compress, confine; aliquem in angustis-
simam formulam sponsionis concludere, Cic. ;
quartus dies hoc libro concluditur, is comprised,
Cic ; 2, to bring to an end; epistolum, Cic. ;
perorationem inflamniantem restinguentemve
concludere, Cic. ; 3, rhet. to close rhythmically,
to round, off in a period; sententias, Cic. ; 4,
philosoph. t. t. to bring to a conclusion, to argue,
infer; deinde concludebas sumnium malum esse
dolorein, Cic; absol., argumenta ratione. con-
cludentia, reasonable, logical proofs, Cic.
concluse, adv. (conclusus, from coucludo),
with well-turned periods; concluse apteque dic-
ere, Cic.
conclusio -onis. f. (coucludo). A. Lit. a
shutting, closing, and in military language, a
blockade, Caes. B. Transf. a close, conclusion;
a, conclusio muneris ac negotii tui, Cic. ; b,
rhet. t. t., conclusion of a speech, peroration;
conclusio est exitus et determinatio totius ora-
tionis, Cic; c, a period; verboruin quaedam
ad nunierum conclusio, Cic; d, phuosoph. t. t.
conclusion in a syllogism, consequence; rationis,
Cic
conclusiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of conclusio),
a foolish inference, paltry conclusion ; contortulae
quaedam et minutulae conclusiunculae, Cic.
conooenatio -onis, f., v. concenatio.
concolor -oris, similar in colour; humerus,
Ov. ; with dat., concolor est illis, Ov.
concoquo -coxi -coctuin, 3. L Lit to boil
together, Lucr. II. to digest.- A. Lit., cibuin,
Cic. B. Transf., a, tobear, endure, stomach; ut
eius ista odia non sorl>eain solum sed etiam
concoquam, Cic ; aliquem senatorem (as senator)
non concoquere, Liv. ; b, to consider maturely,
deliberate upon; tibi diu concoquendum est
utrum, etc, Cic ; clandestina concocta sunt
consilia, have been concocted, Liv.
1. concordla -ae, f. (concors), agreement,
union, harmony, concord, friendship, sympathy.
I. Lit., concordiam reconciliare, Liv.; concordi-
am conflrmare cum aliqno, Cic ; concordiam
conglutinare, Cic; concordiam constituere, Cic ;
meton., et cum Pirithoo felix concordia Theseus,
wie heart and mind, Ov. II. Transf., harmony,
sympathy ; concordia discors, Ov.
2. Concordia -ae, f. the goddess Concord, to
eon
118
0011
whom several temples in Rome were dedicated,
in one of which the senate frequently held its
sittings, Cic
concord iter, adv., with compar. and
snperl. (eoncors), harmoniously, with concord,
amicably ; concordissime vivere cumnliqiio, Cic.
concordo, 1. (eoncors), to agree, he in
union; quum animi judicia opinioneaque con-
cordant; with dat., concordant carmina nervis,
Ov.
eoncors -dis, adj. with compar. and snperl.
(com and cor), oj one mind or opinion, con-
conlant, agreeing, .harmonious ; 'tratrei concord-
Issiini, Cic; Concordes animae, Verg. ; of inani-
mate' objects, moderatus et cohcoi-s eivitatis
status, Cic.
concrebresco -briii, 3. to increase, Verg.
concredo -didi -ditiun, 3. to intrust, commit
to; rem et famam suain coinmendare et concred-
ere alicui, Cic.
concremo, 1. to bury, up, burn entirely;
omnia tecta, Liv.
concrepo -iii, 1. I. Intransit. to rattle,
creak, clash, grate; scabilla concrepant, Cic ;
concirepuere arma, Liv. ; armis conerepat nralti-
tudo, Caes. ; exercitus gladiis ad scuta concrep-
uit, Liv. ; si digitis concrepuerit, at the least
sign, Cic IX. Transit, to rattle, strike upon;
aera, Ov.
concresco -crevi -cretum. A. Gen. to
become stiff, to congeal, curdle, harden; lac, Verg.;
aer, Cic. ; nive pminaque concre.scit aqua, Cic ;
frigore sanguis, Verg. ; quum claram specicm
concreto lumine luna alxlidit, with darkened
light, Cic B. to grow, collect, increase, be formed;
aut simplex est natura animantis ant concreta
est ex pluribus naturis, Cic. ; de ten-is terra m
concrescere parvis, Lucr. (inlhi. perf. syncop.
concresse, Oy.).
concretio -onis, f. (concresco), 1, a growing
together, congealing, condensing ; corporum, Cic. ;
2, materiality, matter; mortalis, Cic.
concretus -a -urn p. adj. (from concresco),
thickened, congealed, condensed, stiffened; glacies,
Liv. ; lac, Verg. ; dolor, hard, tearless, Ov.
concrucio, 1. to torture violently, Lucr.
conciibina -ae, f. (concubo), a concubine.
concublnatus -us, m. (concubinns), concu-
bhwge, Plaut.
concubinus -i, m. a man living in a state
of concubinage, Tac. . .
concubitus -us, m. (concubo), 1, lying to-
gether (at table), Prop. ; 2, copulation, Cic
concubium -ii, n. (concubin3), noctis, the
dead of night, the time at which nwiarein deep
sleep, Plant. . ....
COncublUS -a -nm (concumbo), relating to
sleep, found only in the phrase concnbla nocte,
at the time of men's first sleep, at dead of night,
Cic.
concubo, 1. = concumbo (q.y.).
conculco, 1. (com and calco). A. to tread,
trample under foot, Cato. B. Transf., to misuse,
to despise; miseram Ituliam, Cic; Macedonicam
lauream, Cic.
concumbo -cubui -ciibltum, 3. (com and
* cuinbo), to lie with, have intercourse with, Ov.
concupisco -pivi or -pii -pitum, 3. (com and
cupio), to desire eagerly, covet, to endeai'our after,
aim at ; eandem mortem gloriosani, Cic. ; signa,
tabulas, supellectilem, vestem infinite, Cic. ;
with infin.,4ucere aliquam injpatrimonium, Cic.
concurro -cbrri (rarely -cucurri) -cursum,
8. L to run together, come together, flock to one
spot; tota' Italia concurret, Cic; ad arma,
Caes. ; ad curiam, Cic. ; ad me restitn'endum
Romam, Cic. II. 1, a, to meet together ; ut neve
aspere (verba) concurrerent neve vastius diduc-
antur, Cic; eoncurrit dextera laeva, of-clap-
ping the hands for applause, llor. ; b", to hopi-en
at the same time; quae ut concurrant omnia,
optabile est, Cic. ; 2, a, to run, dash, strike:
tooHher; ne prorae concurrerent, Liv. ; b, to
. I conflict, attack, engage; concurrant equites
iiite, se, Caes. ; omnia ventornm concurrere
proelia vidi, Verg. ; cum acie legionuin recta
fronte, Liv.; with dat., . concurrere equitibus,
Liv. ; adversus aliquem, Liv. ; in aliquem, .Sail. ;
transf., eonourrentis belli minae, war on iht
point of breaking out, Tac.
concursatfo -onis", f. (concurso), a running
together,- coiicourse ; 1 of persons, a, pueroiniii,
Cic. ; b, going round ; concursatio regis a De-
metriade nunc Lamiam in concilium Aetolorum
nunc Chalcidem, Liv.; c, skirmishing of light
troojv, Liv. ; 2, of things without life, somnior-
um, Cic.
concursator -oris, m. (concurso), a skir-
misher (opp. statarius), Liv.
concursio -onis, f. (concurro), 1, a running
together, concourse; atoniorum, Cic. ; 2, a figure
of 'speech, in which the same xoord is frequently re-
pealed (Gr. cn7i7rAo/oj), Cic.
concurso, 1. I. Intransit. to run about,
rush hither and thither; 1, of persons, a, tuni
trepidare et concursare, Caes. ; dies noctesquej
Cic; b, to skirmish; inter saxa rupesque, Liv.;
C, to travel about (esp. of the magistrates of pro-
vinces), to make official visits, Cic; 2, of things,,
ignes concursant, Lucr. II. Transit, to visit;
omnes fere domos omnium, Cic.
o i cursus -us, m. (concui-ro). I. a run n inn'
toyether, concourse; 1, concursushoniinum in for-'
um, Cic; facere, to cause a tumult or concourse; 2,-
of abstractions, union; honestissimornm studi--
orum, co-operation in, Cic II. A. « striking to-
gether, meeting; corpusculormn, Cic; verborunv
Cic B. a dashing together; 1, navium, Caes., a
hostile encounter ; conenrsus utriusque exercitus,
Caes.; 2, fig., non posse sustinere concursum om-
nium philosophorum, Cic. ; 3, of disasters, con*
cursus calamitatum, attack, Cic.
concussus, abl. -u, m. (conditio), a shak-
ing, concussion, Lucr.
concutio -cussi -cussum, 3. I, to shake vio-
lently, agitate. A. Gen,, a, lit., caput, Ov. ;
terra concussa motu est, Liv.; b, transf., te
ipsum concute, search, examine yourself, Hor.
B. a, to shatter, disturb, impair; rempublicain,
Cic; b, toa'.arm, trouble; terrorem nietuin con-
cutientem definiuut, Cic. ; casu concussus acer-
bo, Verg.; c, to urge, excite; pectus, -Verg.. C.
to strike together,' framcus, Tac. ' '' '■
condecet, 2., impers. it is proper, fit, -decent;
capies quod te condecet, Plant.'
condecoro, 1, to adorn carefully; ludos
scenicos, Ter.
con rtemnator -oris, m. (condemno), an ac-
cusi r, Tac. • . •
condemno, 1. (com and damno). I. Of a
judge, to condemn, sentence. A. Lit., - C>o. ;
with genit., of the crime, aliquem injuriarum.
Cic. ; of the punishment, capitis, Cic. ; with de,
aliquem de alea, Cic. ; with abl. of the penalty,
denis millibus aeris, Liv. B. a, to accuse; ali-
quem impudentiae, Cic; b, to disapprove;
tuum factum non esse condemnation judicio
amicorum, Cic. II. Of an accuser, to urge or
effect the condemnation of a person ; condemnare
aliquem uno hoc crimine, Cic.
con
110
con
Condenseo = condenso (q.v.).
condonso, 1. to make thiol:, press close to-
gether, Varr.
condensus -a -um, dense, thick; puppes
litore, Verg. ; vallis arboribus condensa, Liv.
OOndlCO -dixi -dictum, 1, to make arrange-
ment with, agree to, fix, appoint, settle; diem,
Plaut. ; 2, condicere alicui, to invite oneself as a
guest, Cic.
condignus -a -um, quite worthy, very worthy;
douuin, Plaut.
condlmentum -i, n. (condio), spice,.season-
ing,-suuce, coniHment. A. Bit; cibi coiidimentum
est fames, potionis sitis, Cic." B. -Transf.", facet-
iae omnium se.rmonum condimenta, Cic. ; seve-
ritas aMcumsvJBulti* fondinientis Hnihafiitatla
mitigativr, Cic. - i;- • •
COndlO'-Ivi oi" -i i -Itum", "4." to pickle,' to pre-
serve. A. Lit. a, in wine or vinegar, oleas,
Cato ; b, in spice, to make savoury; herbas,
Cic. ; . hence, c. unguenta, to make fragrant.
Cic. ; c, to embalm ; mortuos, Cic. B. Transf.
to season, ornament, make pleasant; orationem,
Cic. ; to soften, temper; tristitiam temporum,
condiscipula -ae, f. a female schoolfellow,
Mart.
condisclpulus -i, m. a schoolfelloxo, Cic.
condisco -didlci, 3. to learn thoroughly;
modos, Hor. ; with infin., miliipaulo diligentius
supplicare, Cic.
1. conditio -ouis (condio), 1, pickling or pre-
serving of fruits, Cic; 2, a seasoning, making
savoury; ciborum, Ov. ,
2. conditio -onis, f.- (condo), 1, state, con-
dition, external position, place, circumstances; in-
fima servornm, Cic. ; ea conditione nati sumus
ut, etc., Cic. ; conditio imperii, Cic. ; parem
cum ceteris fortunae conditionem subire, Cic. ;
2, o condition, stipxdation, provision, proviso;
non respuit conditionem, Caes. ; conditionem
aequissimamrepudiare, Cic. ; conditionem accip-
ere, Cic. ; hac, ea, ista conditione, his condi-
tionibus, on these terms, Cic. ; armis conditione
positis, under conditions of peace, Cic. ; 3, .esp.
conditions of marriage, marriage contract, mar-
riage; and meton. the person married; aliam
conditionem quaerere, Cic. ; conditionem filiae
quaerere, Liv. ; nnllius conditionis non habere
potestatem, Nep. ; in a bad sense, a gallant,
paramour, Cic.
conditor -oris, m. (cpndo), a founder, maker,
contriver, composer, author; Romanae. arcis,
Verg. ; Romanae libertatis, Liv. ; conditor et
instructor con vivii, Cic; conditor, Romani anni,
chronicler, Ov. '
cbnditdrium -ii, n. (condo), the place in
which a corpse or its ashes are preserved, Suet.
1. conditus -a -um, partic of condo.
2. conditus -a -um, p. adj., with conipar.
(from condio), tr'TiiH, s",yf"'-r>/ I. Lit. con-
dition liaec facitvenatio, Cic II. Transf. sea-
soned, ornamented; oratio lepore et festivitato
conditior, Cic. . ■ .
condo -dldi -dltum, 3. I. a. to mit tojjefhr.r.
form, establish; urbciu Romam, Cic. ; Romaiiam
gentem, Verg. ; collegium ad id novum, Liv. ;
b, to compose, write; carmen, Cic ; leges, Liv. ;
hence, to celebrate in song; tristia bella, Verg. ;
Caesaris acta, Ov. II. toputin: A; "to thrust,
press in ; ensem in pectus, Ov. B. 1, to prtserve,
collect; pecuniam, Cic. ; litteras publicas in sanc-
tiore aerario conditas habere, Cic. ; aliquid domi
suae conditum jam putare, Cic. ; so esp. a, of
wine, fruits, etc. to store up; frumentum, Cic. ;
fig., bonum in visceribus medullisque, Cic. ; of
fruits, to preserve, pickle; cornaconditain liquid*
faece, Ov. ; b, of persons, to hide; se deaerto in
litore, Verg.; to put, place; aliquem in carcerem,
Cic. ; c, to bury; aliquem in sepulcro, Cic; 2, «.
transf., in causis conditae (hidden);, sunt res
futurac, Cic; 3, a, to withdraw from sight;
caput inter nubila, Verg. ; of persons, condere
diem, to pass the day; longos soles cantando,
Verg. ; b, to conceal, to cover; caelum umbra,
Verg. ; transf., iram, Tac
condoccfacio -feci -factum, 3 (condoceo
and facio), to.traiiii instruct, teach ; -\>elni&,- Civ. ; *
animuni, Cic. .. . — .-.. ._•
1 condolesco -dfllui (cow and doleo), 3. . to
~ suffer severely! ta feel pain, to pain; si pes con-
doluit, si tie ns,. Cic;; latns. ei diceuti cojido-
liiissc, Cic. ' •" . ... ... . _ •'
4» condonatio -onis, . f. (condono), a giving
away; bonorum possessiouumque, Cic.' ••
condono, 1., 1, a, to give away, present;
agros suis latronibusj Cic. ; consuli tbtam
Achaiam.Cic. ; of the praetor, alicui hereditatem,
. . to award the inheritance, Cic. ; b, to give up to,
sacri fice t o ; so vitamque suam reipublieae, Sail. ;
"cbndonari libidini muliebri, Cic. ; 2, a, to for give ,
uJLitiit; pecunias creditas debitoribus, Cic ; b,
]ience 1 pi nyr.vl.nn k. forgive a lim it ; alicui crimen, .
Cic; to forgive an injury for the sake of a third
party; praeterita se Divitiaco fratri condonare
dicit, Caes.
Condrusi -orum, m. a German people in
Gallia Belgica.
conducibilis -e (conduco), profitable, useful;
consilium ad earn rem, Plaut.
' conduco -duxi -ductuin, 3. I. Transit. A.
to bring or lew^Jogetker, collect; a, of persons,
exercitum in uimm locum, Caes. ; virgines ununi
in locum, Cic. :^b, of things, to bring together,
wu {e. r connect ; partes in unum, Lucr. ; vincas,
Cic. ; cortice ramos, Ov. ; transf., propositionein,
et assumptionem in unum, Cic. B. .to hii e,
a. of persons, aliquem mercede, Cic ; consulem
ad caedem faciendam, Cic. ; esp. milit. 1. 1. to
hire , wldiers ; homines, Caes. ; milites Gallo3
mercede, Hiv. ; b, of things, to hire for use (opp.
locare), domum, hortum, Cic ; esp. to farm the
taxes ; portorium, Cic. ; c, to undertake, contract
for; columnam faciendam, Cic. II. Intransit.
to be of use, to profit, to serve, Cic. ; with dat, .
quae saluti tuae conducere arbitror, Cic. ; with,
ad and the ace, ad vitae coinmoditatem, Cic. ;
with ace. and infin., hoc maxiine reipublicao,
conducit Syriam Macedoniamque decerni, Cic.
conducticius -a '-um (conduco), hired; ex-
ercitus, mercenary, Nep. ...
oonductio -onis, f. (conduco), 1, a bringing
together, uniting, recapitulation,- Cic ; %,-hiring,
farming ; fundi, Cic. - , . - . . . . ■ ■
■«■ conductor -oris, m. (conduco), 1; one who.
hires; niercedeshabitatioauraaunuas conductor-
ibus donare, Caes. ; -2, a- contractor.; j>peris r CiCi.
conductus -a -um, partic of conduce.
conduplico, 1. to double; divitiaa, Liter.
'* conduro, 1. to harden , make quite Itard '; ^
ferrum, Lucr. " *?— - '
conocto, conexio, v. conuecto, connexio.
conesto, v. cohonesto.
- confabulor, 1., dep. to talk, converse, Plaut.
confarreatio -onis, f. (confarreo), an an-
cient atvd solemn form of the marriage ceremony
atiwng the Romans, in which panis farrens was
used, Plin.
confarreo, 1. (com and far), to marry by the
ceremony of confarreatio ; patricios confarreatia
parentibus genitus, Tac,
con
120
eon
COnfatalls -e, determined by fate, Cic
confeotio -onis, f. (conficio), 1, a, a making
ready, prepaj-ation, producing, composing, com-
pleting; lmius libri, Cic; l>elli, Cic; h, exaction;
trihuti, Cic ; 2, consumption, esravum, Cic ;
Yalefudinis, wecdceniny, Cic
confector -Oris, in. (conficio), 1, one who
pre/mrcx, completes, finishes ; negotiorum, Cic;
2, a destroyer, consumer; confector et consumptor
omnium ignis, Cic.
oonfercio -fersi -fertutn, 4. (com and farcio),
to press close together, compress, cram together;
coufertae naves, Liv.
confero, contnll, collatum (eonlltum), con-
ferre. I. to bring together, collect; 1, a, lit,
Rarcinas in imum locum, Caps. ; b, transf., con-
feramns igitnt in panrat, Cic ; 2, to bring together
money, contribute; tributa quotannis ex censu,
Cic. ;quadragenatalentaquotannis Delum, Nep. ;
3, to unite, to join, connect; vires in unum, Liv. ;
4, to place together or near; a, lit. (a) in a
friendly manner, capita, Cic. ; gradum, Verg. ;
(fi) us inilit. t. t, to bring into hostile contact or
collision; Galli cum Fontejo ferrum ac manus
contulerunt, Cic. ; pedem cum pede, or conferre
Jiedem, to fight foot to foot, Liv., Cic. ; signa con-
erre, to engage, Cic. ; so viro vir contulit, man
fought with man, Verg. ; absol., mecum confer,
ait, fight with me, Ov. ; cmferre lites, to contend,
Hor. ; b, transf., of speech, to interchange, ex-
change, uisciiss ; sermonem cum aliquo, Cic. ; con-
silia, Lift ; turn si quid res feret, coram confer-
emiis, Cic. ; 5, to compare; Gallicum cum German-
orum agro, Cats. ; cum illius vita P. Sullae
vobis notissimam, Cic. ; parva magnis, Cic
II, to bring to a place; 1, to remove, transfer;
a, lit., suas rationes et copias in illam provinc-
iain, Cic. ; esp., se conferre ; to betake oneself,
flee; se in astu, Cic; b, transf (o) se conferre,
to devote oneself, join oneself to ; conferre se ad
pontiflcemScaevolam, Cic ; se ad studium scrib-
endi, Cic. ; (fi) to pvt off, postpone ; aliquid in
longiorem diem, Caes.; 2, to apply; a, lit..
pecuniam ad beneficentiam, Cic; b, transf. (a)
of thoughts, etc., to direct, vse; curam ad philo-
sophiam, Cic; (fi) to hand over ; rem ad aliqnem,
Cic. ; (y) to impute, attribute ; pennulta in Plan-
cium quae ab eo dicta non sunt, Cic. ; culpam
inaliqueru,Cic; (i)confert, it isprofitable, Quint.
confertim, adv. (confertus), densely, thickly,
compactly; pugnare, Liv.
confertus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (confercio), 1, closely compressed, dense
(opp. rarus) ; coniertae naves, Liv. ; confertis-
sima turba,'Liv. ; conferti milites, in close for-
mation, Caes.; 2, with abl., full of; ingenti
turba co'nferta templa, Liv. ; transf., vita, plena
et conferta voluptatibus, Cic
confervefacio, 3. to make very hot, to melt,
Lucr.
confervesoo -ferbui, 3. to begin to boil, begin
to glow; transf., niea quum conferbuit ira, Hor.
confessio -<"inis, f. (confiteoi), a confession,
acJ.nowledgment ; errati sui, Cic. ; captae pecun-
iae, Cic ; adducere aliqueiu ad ignorationis con-
fessionem, Cic ; exprimere ab aliquo confessi-
onem culpne, Liv. ; eaeratconfessio caput rerum
Hxi'inin esse, Liv.
confessus -a -um (partic of conflteor, with
pass, meaning), undoubted, acknowledged, certain;
res manifesto, confessa, Cic; hence, ex confesso,
confessedly, Quint. ; in confesso esse, Tac. ; in
confessum venire, to be generally acknowledged,
universally known, Plin.
confestim, adv., immediately, without delay;
confestim hue advolare, Cic. ; confestim cou-
sequi, Cic; patres consulere, Liv.
conffciens -entis, p. adj. (from coniloio),
that which causes, effects, effecting, efficient; causae,
Cic; with genit., cum civitate mini res est acer-
lima el. couficientissiina litteramm, that notes
down everything carefully, Cic
conficio -feci -fectum, 3. (com and facio),
to make together, hence, I. to finish, make ready,
bring about, accomplish ; 1, a, soccos sua
manu, Cic; litteras, Cic; sacra, Cic; tantum
facinus, Cic ; belluin, Cic; his rebus confectis,
Caes.; b, of business, to conclude a bargain or
transaction; negotium ex sententia, Cic; rem
sine pugna et sine vulnere, Caes. ; fraetioiies,
Cic; pretiura, settle the price, Cic; absol., con-
flee cum Apella de columnis, settle, arrange,
Cic ; c, of a Journey, to bring to an end ; envs-
um, Cic; c iter ex sententia, Cic; iiicredihili
oeleritate magnum spatium paucis dietms, Cic. ;
d, of time, to complete ; prope centum confecisj.se
annos, Cic ; extreinum vitoe diem morte, Cic ;
nondum hieme confecta, Caes.; 2, a, to procure;
permagnam ex ilia re pecuniam contici posse,
Caes. ; fiumentum, Liv. ; milit. t. t., to get sol-
diers ; reliquas legiones, quas ex novo delect u
confecerat, Cic. ; exercitus maximos, Cic. ; trib-
um suam necessariis, to gain over, Cic; b, to
produce, cause; (a) alicui reditum, procun, Cic. ;
motus aniinnrum, Cic; (fi) philosoph. t. t, to
prove; ex quo conflcitnr ut, etc., it follows from
this, Cic II. 1, to consume ; a, of food, etc (a) to
chew, eat ; eseas,Cic; plures jam pavonesconfeci,
quam tu pullos columbines, Cic ; (fi) to digest ;
confectus et consumptus cibus, Cic. ; b, to
waste, destroy; patrimonium suum, Cic; 2,
to destroy, kill ; liaec sica nuper ad regiam me
paene confecit, Cic ; 3, to subdue; Britanniaiu,
Cic. ; 4, to weaken ; a, vitae cupiditas, quae me
conficit angoribus, Cic. ; often in pass., conlici
fame, frigore, lacrimis, curis, dolore, Cic ; con-
fectus macie et squalore, Cic; vulneribus, Caes.;
b, of states, praevalentis populi vires se ipse
cmiticiunt, Liv.
conflctio -onis, f. (conflngo), a fabrication,
invention; ciiminis, Cic.
oonfidens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from confido), confident, self-reliant,
gen. in a bad sense, shameless, impudent, Cic.
conf identer, adv., with compar. and superl.
(confidens), boldly, confidently ; conlidentius dic-
ere, Cic.
confidentia -ae, f. (confidens), a, confi-
dence ; confidentiam afferre hominibus, ap. Cic. ;
b, more frequently, impudence, boldness, shume-
lessness ; confidentia et temeritas tua, Cic.
confido -fisus sum (confidi(?), Liv.), 3. to
trust, be assured, confide; a, absol., nimis con-
fidere, Cic; b, with dat, sibi, Cic; c, with abl.,
milituui virtute non satis, Cic. ; d, with de, de
salute urbis, Caes. ; e, with ace and infin., to
believe firmly ; id ita futurum esse confido, Cic.
configo -fixi -fixnni, 3. 1, to fasten together,
nail together ; transtra clavis feneis, Caes.; 2, to
pierce through, transfix with a weapon; a, lit.,
tilios suos sagittis, Cic; b, transf., ducentis
confixus senatus consnltis, Cic
confindo, 3. to cleave asunder, Tib.
conflngo -finxi -fictum, 3. 1, to construct;
nidos, Plin. ; 2. to fabricate, feign, invent;
crimen incredibile, Cic. ; crimina in aliquem,
Cic.
conf mis -e. A. Lit., having the same bound-
ary, conterminous, adjacent, near; confines
erant hi Senonibus, Caes. ; caput confinis coilo,
Ov. Subst., confinis -is, m. a neighbour. Mart.
B. Transf., nearly allied, similar; studio con-
finia carmina vestro, Ov.
coiifinium -n, n. (confinis). A. Lit, a
con
(21
con
confine, common boundary, limit, border (of
countries or estates); Treviroruni, Caes. ; oon-
venict in oiuiii re contrahenda vieinitatibus et
coulluiis acqitum et facileui esse, Cic. B.
Transf., the bordering line, nearness, close con-
nexion; conliuia noctis, twilight, Ov.; breve
conftuium artis et falsi, Tac.
conflrmatio -onis, f. (confirmo), a, an
establishing, making firm ; conflrmatio perpetuac
libcrtatis, Cic; b, esp., consolation, encourage-
ment, support ; nequc enini contirmatione nostra
cgebat virtus tua, Cic. ; c, confirming or veri-
fying a fact; perfugae, Caes. ; d, rhet t. t., ad-
ducing «/ proofs, Cic.
confirmator -oris, m. (confirmo), one who
confirms, establislies ; pecuniae, a surety, Cic.
conflrmatus -a -urn, p. adj. with coinpar.
and superb (from confirmo), 1, encouraged, em-
boldened; satis certus et contirmatus animus,
Cic; 2, certain, credible; in quibus (litteris)
erat conlirmatius idem illud, Cic.
conflrmo, 1. I. Lit., to establish, make firm,
confirm, strengthen ; hoc nervos confirmari put-
ant, Caes. ; valetudinein, to recover health, Cic ;
se contirmare, to recover strength, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., to strengthen, make lasting;
pauem, Cic; consilia, to support, Caes.; confirm-
atis rebus, firmly established, Caes. ; se trans-
marinis auxiliis, Caes.; polit. t. t, to ratify;
acta Caesaris, Cic. B. Esp. a, to confirm persons
in allegiance, etc.; jurejurando inter se, Caes. ; b,
to strengthen, encourage; contirmare et excitare
ufflictos animos, Cic. ; edge te et con Pinna, take
Murage ; amnios Gallorum verbis, Caes.; c, to
confirm or establish the truth of an assertion ;
nostra argumcutis ac rationibus, Cic. ; d, to
affirm, assert positively; id onme ego me rei
publicae causa suscepisse confirmo, Cic.
confisco, 1. (com and fiscus), 1, to lay up,
preserve in a chest, Suet. ; 2, to appropriate to
the imperial treasury, to confiscate, Suet.
conf isio -onis, f. (confido), confidence, assur-
ance; f'.dentia, id est firma aniini contisio, Cic.
confiteor -fessus sum, 2. dep. (com and
fateor). I. Lit., to confess, allow, acknow-
ledge; with ace, hoc crimen, Cic; with ace
and dat, amorem mitrici, Ov. ; with double
ace, se victos, Caes.; with ace. and infln.,
inulta se ignorare, Cic. ; with de, aliquid de
vcucno, Cic. Partic. perf., confessus, a,
act., having confessetl; quiuque homines com-
prehensi atque confessi, Cic. ; b, pass., con-
fessed, acknowledged; quam improbam, quam
manif'estam, quam confessam rem pecunia re-
dimere conetur, Cic. II. Transf., to reveal,
make known; se, Ov.; deam, as a goddess, Verg.
cenflagro, 1. to be destroyed by fire, to be
burnt up. A. Lit., classis praedonuiu incendio
conflagrabat, Cic; fig., amoris (lamina, Cic. ; in-
cendio inviiliac, Cic. B. Transf., conflagrare
iuvidia, to fall a victim to hatred, Cic
conftictlo -onis, f. (confiigo), a striking to-
gether, collision, a conflict, combat; transf., caus-
aruin, Cic.
conflicto, 1. (intens. of confiigo), to strike
together violently ; thus pass., a, to combat with,
contend with; conflictari cum adversa fortuna,
Xep. ; conflictari cum aliquo, Cic; b, conflictari
aliqua re, to be grievously troubled, to suffer se-
verely, to be harassed, tormented; iiiiquissimis
verbis, Cic; magna inopia necessarian um rerum,
Caes. ; duriore fortuna, Cic.
QonfiiCtUS -lis, in. (confiigo), a striking to-
gether; lapidum, Cic.
confiigo -flixi -flictum, 3. I. Transit., to
■frike. bring, join together; corpora, Lucr.;
transf., to bring together in order to compare;
factum adversavii cum scripto, Cic. II. In-
transit., a, to strike together; illae (naves)
graviter inter se ineitatae confiixcrunt, Caes.;
b, to struggle, fight, conteiul; cum hoste, Cic;
contra or adversus aliquem, Nep.
conno, 1. I. to blow together, to blow up, to
kindle. A. Lit, quorum opera id conflatum
incendiuin, Liv. B. Transf., to excite; seditionem,
Cic. II. to melt. A. Lit., a, of metals, Phn. ;
falces in enses, to forge, Verg. ; b, of money, to
coin ; aut flare aut conflare pecuniam, Cic B.
Transf., a, to unite; horum consensus con-
spirans et paene conflatus, Cic. ; b, to rivet
together, forge, produce ; ut una ex duabus ua-
turis conflata videatur, Cic; c, to get together;
exercitus perditorum civium claudestiuo scelere
conflatus, Cic. ; d, to forge, invent; crimen, Cic;
alicui periculum, Cic ; e, to brood over, meditate;
judicia domi conflabant, pronuutiabant in foro,
Liv. ,.
confliions -entis or confluentes -mm, ni.
the confluence or place of junction of two rivers ;
Mosae et Rheni, Caes.
confluo -fluxi, 3. A. to flow together; in
unuin, Cic. ; a conflucnte Rhodano castra movi,
from the confluence of the Rhone with the Arar,
ap. Cic. B. Transf., a, of a crowd, to stream or
flock together ; Athenas, Cic. ; ad haec studia,
Cic. ; b, of abstractions, ad ipsos laus, honos,
dignitas eonfluit, Cic.
confodio -fodi -fossum, 3. a, to dig tho-
roughly ; hortum, Plaut. ; b, to stab, pierce,
ivound ; jacentem, Liv. ; (Ciceronem) de im-
proviso domi suae, Sail. ; fig., tot judiciis con-
fossi praedanniatique, Liv.
conformatio -onis, f. (conforuio). A. Lit.,
a form, shape/ fciiting, conformation ; lineament-
orum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, gen., vocis, expres-
sion; verboium, arrangement, Cic; 2, osp., a,
philosoph. t. t., conformatio aniini, or simply
conforniatio, an idea, Cic; b, in rhct. t. t., a
figure of speech, Cic.
conformo, 1. to form symmetrically, form,
arrange. A. Lit, mundum a natura conform-
atum esse, Cic; ad majora quaedam nos
natura genuit et conforu.uvit, Cic. B. Transf.,
to arrange fittingly ; vocem secundum rationem
rerum, Cic; se ad voluntatein alicuius, Cic.
confossus -a -urn, partic. of confodio.
confragosus -a -um, rugged, uneven; loca,
via, Liv.; neut. plur. assubst., uneven places, Liv.
confremo -fremiii, 3. to murmur, roar, make
a loud noise; confremuere omues, Ov.
confrico -frlcui -fiicatum, 1. to rub; caput
atque os suum unguento, Cic.
confringo -fregb -fractum, 3. (com and
frango). A. Lit., to break in two, break in pieces;
digitos, Cic B. Transf., to destroy, bring to
naught ; consilia senatoria, Cic.
confuglo -fiigi, 3. A. Lit,, to fly to, take
refuge ; ad aliquem, ad or in arani, Cic. ; in
naves, Caes. B. Transf., a, ad alicuius miseri-
cordiani, Cic. ; ad opein .judicum, Cic. ; b, to
have recourse to; patrias ad artes, Ov. ; confugit
illuc ut ncget, etc., Cic.
confugium -li, n. (confugio), a place of re-
fuge, Ov.
confulcio -fultus, 4. to prop vp, Lucr.
confundo -fudi -fusum, 3. I. to pour to-
gether, mingle, mix. A. Lit,, cum alicuius lacrimis
lacrimas confumlere nostras, Ov.; quum ignis
oculornm cum eo igni qui est ob os otl'usus se
confudit et eontulit, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to i >i
together ; tanta multitudine confusa, Cars. ■
populi confusi in unura, Liv, \ ea pliilosopiiifl
con
122
con
quae confundit vera cum falsis, Cic. ; in hnc
confusa et universa defensione, complicated,
Cic. ; 2, a, to conjiist, throw into disorder ; aigna
et ordines pedltum atque equituin, Liv. ; jura
gentium, Liv. ; particular minutas primum con-
fusas, postea in ordinem adductas a mente
divina. Cic; b, (a) to obscure; vultum Lunae,
Ov. ; (p) to confuse, trouble, disturb; confusa
pndore, Ov. ;-ntidientium-animos,'Liv. ; macroro
recenti confusus, Liv. II. to pmt/r into; cruor
confusus. in fossaui, Ilor. ; per quns lapsus
cibus in cam venam confunditur, Cic. ; transf.,
est hoc quidem in tntani orationem confundend-
um, nee ininirae in extreinam, Cic.
confuse, adv. with compar. (confusus), con-
fusedly, in a disorderly manner ; loqui, Cic.
confiisic -Onis, f. (confuudo), 1, a mixture,
union, connexion; haec eonjunctio coufusioque
yirtutum,Cic; 2, a,, confusion, disorder; suffrag-
ioruin, voting not in the centuries, but man by
man, Cic; religionum, Cic; b, oris, blushing,
Tac.
confusus -a -uin, p. adj., with compar. and
suporl. (confuudo), a, disorderly, confused; ita
confusa est oratio, ita perturbata, nihil ut sit
primum, niliil secundum, Cic; strages, Verg. ;
b, confused in appearance; vultus, Liv.; con-
fusus auimo, Liv.
confuto, 1. to cluck the boiling of a liquid;
henco transf., a, to check, repress; niaximis
doloribus atfectus eos ipsos inventorum suorum
nicinoria et recordatioue confutat, Cic. ; b, esp.
by speecli, to put down, silence, overthrow; aud-
aciam alicuius, Cic. ; argunienta Stoicorum,
Cic.
congelo, 1. I. Transit., to freeze thoroughly.
A. Lit., Mart B. Transf., to harden, thicken;
rictus in lapidem, Ov. II. Int.iansit., to freeze;
Istor congelat, Ov. ; fig., congelasse nostrum
ninicuin laetnbar otio, had become inactive, Cic
congemino, 1. to double, redouble; ictus
crcbros ensibus, Verg.
congomo -gOmui, 3. I. Intransit., to sigh
or groan loudly; congemuit senatus frequens,
Cic II. Transit., to bewail, lament; mortem,
Lucr.
conger and gonger -gri, m. (yo-vpos), a sea
or conger eel, Ov,
1 congeries -ei, f. (congero). A. Gen.; o
heap, mass; lapidum, Liv. B. Ksp., 1, a lieap
of wood, a wood pile, Ov. ; 2, the mass of chaos,
Ov.
congero -gessi -gestum, 3. • A. Lit, to carry
together, bring together, collect; 1, undique quod
idoneum ad munieudum putarent, Nop. ; sal is
magnam viain ex proxhnis salinis, Caes. ; maxi-
inaui vim auri atque. argenti in regnum sumn,
Cic. ; oscula, to add one to another, Ov. ; 2, a,
to prepare; alicui viaticum, Cic. ; b, to heap to-
gether; auri pondus, Ov. ; c, to buibl ; aram
sepulcri arboribus ; so of birds, locus aeriae
quo congesscre palumbes, have built their nests,
Verg. B. Transf., a, in discourse, to bring
together, comprise; turbam patronoruin in hunc
sennonem, Cic; b, to heap together; ingentia
beueftcia in aliquem, Liv.; omnia ornamenta
ad aliquem, Cic. ; maledicta in aliquem, Cic. ;
omnes vastati agri pei'iculorunique imminentium
causas in aliquem, to ascribe, impute, Cic
congesticius -a -uni (congero), heaped up,
artificially brought together ; agger, Caes.
congestus -us, m. (congero), a collecting,
hsxiping together. L Lit., a, gen., municipia
congestu copiarnm vastabanlur, Tac. ; b, esp.
of birds, building nests; herbam (cxstitisse)
avium congestu, Cic. II. Melon., that, vdiich is
brought together, a. heap, mass; lapidum, Tac,
congiarium -li, n. (sc. donum), a donation
distributed by the. consuls and emperors among the
people, so called from the fact that it originally
consisted of a congius of wine, oil, etc., Liv.;
a donation in money to the, soldiery, Cic. ; or to
private friends, Cic.
congius -ii, in. a Roman measure for liquids,
containing sir, sextarii, Liv.
conglacio, 1. I. Intransit, A. Lit., tofreeze;
frigoribus conglaciat aqua, Cic B. Transf.,
Curioni nostra tribunatus conglaciat, passes in-
actively, ap. Cic. II. Transit., to turn to ice,
Plin.
conglobatio -finis, f. (conglobo), a heaping,
pressing, crowding together, Tac.
conglSbo, 1. (com and globus), 1, to form
into a. ball or sphere; mare conglobatur un-
dique aequabi liter, Cic; figura conglobata, Cic;
2, to press together in a mass or crowd; a, lit.,
catervatim uti qnosque tors conglobaverat, Ball.;
conglobata in tinum mnltitudo, Liv.; b, transf.,
maxiuie definition's valent conglobatae, accumu-
lated, Cic.
conglomero, 1. to roll, twist, entangle to-
gcthcr, Lucr.
conglutinatio <mis, f. (conglutino), 1. n
sticking, cementing together, Cic. ; 2, connexion,
joining together; verborum, Cic.
conglutino, 1. A. to slick together, cement
together, Plin. B. Transf., to connect, bind
closely; amicitias, Cic. ; voluntates nostras con-
suetudine, Cic.
congratulor, 1. dep. to wish joy, congratul-
ate ; congratulantur libcrtatem concordiamque
civitati restitutam, Liv.
congredior -grcssus, 3. dep. (com and
gradior), 1, to meet ; cum aliquo, Cic; inter se, .
Liv.; 2, to meet hostilely, in combat; a, to en-
gage, contend; locus, ubi congressi sunt, Cic;
congredi sua sponte cum finitimis proelio, Cic ;
with dat., impar congressus Achilli, Verg.; b,
to dispute in words, argue; congredi cum Acad-
emico, Cic.
congregabilis -e (congrego), sociable, in-
clined to collect; cxamina apium, Cic
congregatio -Onis, f. (rongrego), an osscm.
Ming together, society, union; nns ad congrega.
tionein hominuin et ad societatcm communitat-
emque generis huraani esse natos, Cic
congrego, 1. (com and grex). I. Lit, A
to collect into a flock ; oves, Plin. ; refl., se con-
gregare, or pass., congregari, in a middle souse,
to form into flocks ; . apium examina congreg-
antur, form themselves into swarms, Cic. " B.
Of men, to collect, gather together; disperses
homines in uimm locum, Cic. ; refl., se congreg-
arc, and pass., congregari, in middle sense, to
assemble, congregari in fano commentandi causa,
Cic. II. Transf., of things, to unite; signa in
utiuin locum, Tac
congressio -Onis, f. (congredior), 1, a meet-
ing. Cic; 2, intercourse, society; aliquem ah
alicuius non modo familiaritate, scd etiam cou-
gressione prohibere, Cic
congressus -us, in. (congredior), a meeting;
1, a friendly meeting, social intercourse, conversa-
tion; alicuius aditum, congressum, sennonem
fugere, Cic. ; often in plur., congressus hominuin
fugcre atque odisse, Cic; 2, a hostile meeting,
combat; ante congressum, Cic ; primo congressu
terga vertere nostros cogere, Caes.
congruens -entis, p. adj. (congrno), 1
agreeing, fit, appropriate, suitable; vultus et
gestus congruens et apta, Cic. ; with cum and
the abl., gestus cum scntentiis congruens, Cic ;
with dat, actioncs vjrtut.jbus congrtiet.tes, Cic,;
con
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con.'
2, harmonious, accordant; is conccntus ex dis-
siniillimarumvocum moderatione concurs tamen
etlicitur et congruous, Cic. ; clamor congruens,
unanimous, Liv.
congruenter, adv. (congruens), aptly, agree-
ably, suitably ; congruenter naturae convenient-
eniuc vivcrc, Cic.
congrucntia -ao, f. (congi-uo), agreement,
harmony, symmetry, proportion, Suet.
congruo -ili, 3. (coin and *gruo, connected
With run). A. Lit., to run together, come together,
meet ; ut vicesimo anno ad metani eandem solis,
nude orsi cssent, dies congruereht, Liv. B.
Transf., a, of time, to coincide; qui suos dies
niensesquo congruere volunt cum solis lunaeque
ratione, Cic. ; b, to be suited, fitted to, correspond
with, agree; seusus nostri ut in pace semper, sic
turn etiamin bcllo congrucbant, Cic. ; with cum
and the abl., eius sermo cum tuis littcris valdc
congiuit, Cic. ; with dat., non omni causae nee
audi tori neque personae nequetempori congruere
oiatiouis unuin genus, Cic. ; with inter se, multae
causae inter sc congruere videntur, Cic.
congruus -a -urn = congruens (q.v.).
conicio = conjicio (q.v.).
conifer -fera -ferum (conus and fcro), cone-
bearing; cyparissi, Verg.
confger (conus and gero) = conifer (q.v.).
conltor = con ni tor (q.v.).
coniveo — conniveo (q.v.).
conjectio -onis, f. (con.jicio). A. a hurling,
throwing; telorum, Cic. B. Transf., conjectural
interpretation; soilimoruiu, Cic.
conjecto, 1. (freq. of conjicio), to throw to-
gether ; transf., to conclude, infer,, conjecture,
surmise, guess at; conjectantes iter, Liv. ; rem
evenui, Liv. ; Caesar conjectans cum Aegyptum
iter habere, Caes.
conjector -Oris, m. (conjicio), an interpreter
of dreams; Isiaci conjectores, the priests of Isis,
Cic.
conjectrix -Icis, f. (conjector), a female in-
terpreter of dreams, Plant.
conjectura -ae, f. (conjicio), a guess, con-
jecture, inference. I. Gen., conjecturam adhibere,
Cic. ; abcrrarc conjectura, to be mistaken in, Cic.;
conjecturam faccre or capere ex or dc aliqua re,
Cie. ; afferre conjecturam, Cic. ; conjectura as-
sequi or consequi (toll, by relative clause), Cic.;
quantum conjectura auguramur, Cic. II. Esp.
1, interpretation of dreams and omens, divina-
tion, soothsaying ; facilis conjectura huius soinnii,
Cic. ; 2, rhet. 1. 1., a part of th£ proof, conjecture,
inference, Cic.
conjecturalis -e (conjectura), relating to
conjecture, conjectural; controversia, Cic.
conjectus -us, m. (conjicio), a throwing
together. I. Lit., a. material, Lucr. ; b, a
throwing, casting, hurling; lapidum, Cic; ven-
ire ad teli conjectuin, to come within shot,
Liv. ; ne primum quidera conjectum telorum
ferre, Liv. II, Transf. casting or directing to-
wards; vesteiiuineanimorum oculoruinque con-
jectus, Cic.
conjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (com and jacio).
I. A. Lit., 1, to throw, bring together, colled;
sarcinas in medium, Liv, ; suites in liydriani,
Cie.; sorteui conjicerc, to cast lots, Cic; aggerem
iu munilionem, Caes.; 2, of missiles, to throw,
cast, hurl; tela in nostras, Caes. ; tig., petitiones
ita ut vitari non possint, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
(Jen., to cast, direct; oculos in aliquein, Cic;
malodicta in alicuius vitam, Cic. ; 2, a, to con-
jecture, guess; do inatre suavianda ex oraculo
acute argutc((uc, Cic. ; partic pert suUst., hello
conjectft, clcnr surmises, Cjc, ; b, to interpret
conjeclu rally ; omen, Cic. II. to throw, to hurl.
A. Lit. 1, quuni liaec navis iuvitia nautis vi
tenipestatis in portum conjecta sit, Cic. ; ali-
quein in carcerein, Cic. ; iu vincula, Cic. ; in
lautumias, Cic. ; se conjicere, to betake oneself,
fi.ee; se in portum, Cic. ; so in fugam, Cic. ;
so in castra alicuius, Cic. ; 2, to insert, libell-
um in epistolam, Cic. ; 3, of a weapon, to
thrust; gladiuin iu adversum os, Caes. B.
Transf., 1, naves conjuctae in nocleui, benighted,
Caes. ; se in noctein, to hasten away under cover
of night, Cic. ; foieusem turbam in quatuoi
tribus, to divide, Liv. ; aliquein ex occultis in-
sidiis ad apertum latroeiniuni, to force, Cic. ',
2, to spend; tantain pecuniam in propylaea,.
Cic. ; 3, to introduce; haec verba in interdictuin,
Cic.
conjugalis -e (conjux), relating to marriage,
conjugal; amor, Tac.
conjugatio -onis, f. (conjugo), the etymologi-
cal connection of words, Cic.
conjugator -oris, in. one who connects,
unites; buui amoris, Cat.
conjugialis -e (eonjugium), relating to
marriage, conjugal; festa, Ov.
eonjugium -Ij, n. (conjungo), 1, a close
connexion, union; corporis atque aniiuac,
Lucr.; 2, a, marriage, wedlock; Tulliac ineae,
Cic. ; tote doinus conjugio et stirpc conjuugitur,
Cic. ; poet., of animals, Ov. ; b, nietun., hus-
band, Verg. ; wife, Verg.
conjugo, 1. (com and juguni), to yoke to-
gether, to bind together, co)inect; a, est ea juciiu-
dissima aniicitia, quam similitudo inoruiii con-
jugavit, Cic. ; b, conjugata verba, words ety-
mologically connected, Cic.
conjunoto, .adv., with compar. and super!.
(conjunctus), 1, conjointly, in connexion; con-
juncte cum reliquis rebus nostra contexere, Cic;
elatuin aliquid, hypotheticxdly (opp. simpliciter,
categorically), Cic ; 2, intimately, on terms of
friendship; cum aliquo vivere conjunctissime et
amantissiine, Cic.
conjunctim, adv. (conjunctus), conjointly,
in common; liuius omnis pecuniae conjunctim
ratio habetur, Caes.
conjunctio -onis, f. (conjungo), uniting,
joining together; 1, portuuiu, Cic. ; 2, a, of
things, conjunctio confusioque naturae, Cic ;
rhet. and philosoph. t. t. connemion of ideas,
Cic. ; grammar, t. t. a connecting particle, con-
junction; quum dcniptis conjunctionibus dissol-
ute plura dicuntur, Cic. ; b, of persons, union,
connexion; (a) gen. societas conjunctioque
liuniana, Cic; citius cum eo veterem conjunc-
tioneni dirimere quam novam conciliare, Cic. ;
Pompejtun a Caesaris conjunctione avocare, Cic;
summa nostra conjunctio et familiaritas, Cic ;
(jS) relationship through marriage, or relation-
ship; conjunctio sanguinis, Cic; conjunctio
alliuitatis, Cic.
'conjunctus -a -urn, p. adj., with compar.
and superl. (conjungo), connecteil, joined; 1,
sublicae cum omui opere conjunctae, Caes. ; with
dat. bordering on, near; theatruiu conjunctuni
domui, Caes.; Paphlagonia conjuncta Cappaduc-
iae, Nop. ; 2, contemporary with; conjunctus
igitur Sidpicii aetati'P. Autistius fuit, Cic. ; 3,
a, connected with, agreeing with, proportioned to ;
prudeutia cum justitia, Cic. ; talis simulatio est
vanitati conjunetior, is more nearly allied, Cic ;
continuata conjunctaquc verba, Cic; subst.,
conjunctuni -i, n. connection, Cic. ; b, of
persons, connected, allied, friendly ; homines bei
nevolentia conjunct]', Cic. ; hblno mihi conjunct*
us fidifistmS gratia, Cic. ; et cum ils ot inter so
conjunctissimos fuisse W. Curium, Ti. Corun-
canium, Cic. ; tain conjuncta pupulo Romano
con
124
con
clvitas.Caes. ; sanguine conjuncti, Nep. ; civium
Konianorum omnium sanguis conjunctus oxis-
timandus est, Cic.
conjungo -junxi -Junctum.3. to join together
constr. with tlat, cutu and abl., Inter Be, or the
abl. alone. I. Lit, navi onerariae alteram,
Caes. ; calamoa plures cera, Verg. II. Transf., to
unite; 1, of space, a, of tilings, dextram dextrae,
Ov. ; eani epistolam cum line epistola, Cic.; hunc
moiitein iiiunis circumdatua arceiu ellicit et
emu oppido con.jungit, Cnes. ; b, of persons, at
paulatim sese legiones conjungerent, Caes. ; se
Hannibali, Liv. ; 2, of time, noctein dici, to
travel far into the night, Caes.; 3, to bring i o
connexion, unite, join; a, causatu nlicuius cum
coiiiinuni Riilute, Cic. ; conjungere belluin, to
undertake, in common, Cic; b, tonni/c. in. mar-
rlage, friendship, alliance, etc. ; filias suns tiliis
alicuius matrimonio, Liv. ; me tibi studia com-
munis conjungunt, Cic. ; conjungere aiuicitias,
Cic. ■
conjunx = conjux (q.v.).
conjuratio -Onis, f. (conjuro). A. union con-
firmed by an oath; conjuratio Acarnauica, Liv. ;
conjuratioiiein nobilitatis facere, Caes. B. a
conspiracy, ')ilot; conjuratio Catilinae, Sail.; in
ea conjuratione esse, to be implicated in, Sail. ;
conjurationem facere contra rempublicam, Cic.
C. Meton. the conspirators ; voces eonjurationis
ti-ae, Cic.
con jurat US -a -uin (conjuro), united by oath,
allied; subst., oonjurati -Drum, m. conspira-
tors, Cic.
conjuro, 1. to swear togetlwr. I. to take the
military oath; utomnes Italiae juniores conjur-
arent, Caes. II. to unite together by oath. A.
Gen., barbari conjuraxe,ob8ideainterscdarecoep-
criint, Caes.; with ace. and iiitm.", per suos priu-
cipes inter se conjurant nihil nisi communi con-
silio acturos, Caes. B. Esp. to plot, conspire;
conjurasse supra scptem millia virorum nc muli-
cruin, Liv. ; with cum and the abl., or with
inter se; ii, quibuscum conjurasti, Cic. ; pre-
cipes inter se conjurant, Sail. ; with adversus
or contra and the ace, contra rempublicam,
Cie. ; adversus patriam, Liv. ; with de and the
abl., de interllciendo Pompejo, Cic. ; with ill
and the ace, cum aliquo in oinne flagitium et
facintu, Liv. ; with inlin., patriam incendere,
Sail. ; with ut and subj., urbem ut incenderent,
Liv.
conjux (conjunx) -jugis, c. (conjungo), 1,
sjt"iise, wife, Cic. ; more rarely, husband, Cic. ;
pi. a married jnir, Cat. ; 2, poet, a betrothed
virgin, bride, Verg. ; a concubine, Prop.
conl . . . . = coll .... (q.v.).
conm . . . = coinm. . . (q.v.).
connecto -nexttl -nexum, 3. to fasten, tie to-
gethtr, connect, unite. A. Lit. illne (apes) ped-
ibus connexae ad limina pendent, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, of space, Mosellam atque Ararim
facta, inter utrumque fossa, Tac. ; 2. of time,
pcrscquere connexos his funeribus dies, close-
following, Cie. ; 3, to unite ; amicitia cum volupt-
nte connectitnr, Cic. ; esp. a, to unite in dis-
course ; facilius est enim apta dissolvere quam
dissipata connectere, Cic. ; b, of logical con-
nexion, omne quod ipsum ex se connexum sit
veruni esse, Cic. ; c, of relationship; alicui
connexus per affinitatem, Tac. ; partic. pert",
subst., connexum -i, n. logical conclusion.
1. connexus -as, in. (connecto), connexion,
Union, Cie.
2. connexus -a -um, partic. of connecto.
connitor -nfena or -nixus sum, 3. dep. A.
Lit., 1, to lean or push, against with violence;
valido eonnjxn.s corpora taurqs, Cic. poet,; 2 #
to climb up; in summuiii jugum, Caes.; 3, to
bring forth; gemellus, Verg. B. Transf., to
strife with all one's might; with abl., quantum
aniino conniti potes, Cic.; with i" and the ace.,
in unum locum connixi, Liv.; with ad and the
ace, ad convincendum eum, Tac. ; with inlin.,
invadere hoatem, Liv.; with ut and the subj.,
infantes coniiitnntiir, sese ut erigaut, Cic.
conniveo -nivi or -nixi, 2. to close the eyes,
Ui wink, I/link with the eyes. A. Lit., oeulis
BOiiino conniventibus, Cie. ; altero oculo. Cic. ; -
poet., of the sun or moon, quasi comment,
Lucr. B. Trans!'., to wink at, let pass unnoticed;
consulibus si non adjuvantibus, at connivent-
ibus certe, Cic. ; with in and the abl., qui-
busdam etiain in rebus conniveo, Cic.
connubialls -e (connubiuni),' relating to
marriage, connubial, Ov.
connubium -ii, n. (com and nubo), 1 ? a.
a legal Herman, marriage; sequuntur connubia et
aftinitates, Cic. ; poet., marriage in general,
Pyrrhi connubia aervare, Verg. ; b, intercourse,
Ov.; 2, the. right of intermarriage ; connubiuni
tinitiiiiis negare, Liv. (in poets often trisyll.,
uoimubjo, Verg., Acn. i. 73, \ ii. 90).
Cdnon -Ollis, III. (Kopwv), 1, MM Athenian
general; 2, mat he ma lie inn and astronomer of
Sa mos.
conopeum -i, n. (Kwi/wn-eioi ■) oi conopium
-ii, n. a net to keep off gnats or mosguitoes, Hor.
Conor, 1. dep. to undertake, endeavour, at-
tempt, exert oneself strive; with ace, opus mag-
num, Cie; with infill., facere id quod const itu-
erant, Caes.; ii qui haec delere conati sunt, Cic.
conp . . . = conni . . . (q.v.).
conquassatio -onis, f. (conquasso), a vio-
lent shaking, Shattering ; totius valet udinis cor-
poris, Cic.
Conquasso, 1. to shake thoroughly, shatter;
qtuiin Apulia niaximis terrac motions conquass-
atn esset, Cic; transf, conquassatas cxterac
nationes illius anni furore, Cic.
conqueror -quest us, 3. dep. to bewail or
complain loudly; fortunas suns, Plant.; bon-
orura direptiones, Cic. ; de istius improbitate,
Cic.
conqucstio -onis, f. (conqueror), a loud
complaint, bewailing; ubi nullum auxilium est,
nulla conquestio, Cie; in rhet., conqucstio cat
oratio auditoruin misericordiani captans, Cic.
conquestus, abl. -u, m. (conqueror), u loud
complaint, Liv.
conquiesco -qulevi -quietum, 3. to rest
thoroughly, take rest, repose. A. to rest bodily;
videmus ut conquiescere ne infantes quideni
possint, Cic ; haec (impedimenta) couquiescero
vetuit, to rest from a march, Caes. ; conquiescere,
ineridie, tosleep, Caes. B. to be still, (fillet, to take
repose, stop; a, inibre couquiesceute, Liv. ; eon-
quiescit mercatorum navigatio, is stopped, Cic. ;
conquiescere a continuis bellis et victoriis, Cic. ;
b, to find rest or recreation in ; in nostris stnd-
iis libt'iitissime conquiescinius, Cic.
conquiro -qufeivi -qulsitum, 3. (com and
quaero), to seek for, to bring together, to collect,
get together. A. Lit., sagittarios, Caes. ; colonos
Cic. ; pecuniani, Cic. ; aliquem tota provincial,
Cic. B. Transf., voluptatem conquirere et com.
parnre, Cie; sok-bat mecuin interdum eiuamodi
aliquid conquirere, Cic. (contr, fnt. perf. form,
conquislerit, Cie).
COnquisitio -onis, f. (conquaero), 1. search,
collection; iiecuuiaruui, Tac; tnlium liorornm,
Liv. ; 2, a pressing or forcible enlistment of
soldiers, conscription ; exercitus, durissirna CO'[:
quisitione confeqtiiH, Ojc
boa
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doil
Cdhquisitor -oris, m. (conquiro), a recruiting
Officer, Cic
conquisitus -a -um, p. adj. with superl.
(conquiro), sought after, selected, chosen, costly,
2>recious; mensas conquisitissimis epuljto ex-
struere, Cic.
com- . . .— corr . . . (q.v.).
consaepio -saepsi, -saeptum, 4. to fence
round, to hedge in, Suet. ; gen., partic, con-
saeptus -a -um, fenced round ; ager, Cic. ;
subst., consaeptum -i, n. an inclosure, Liv.
consalutatio -onis, f. (consaluto), a saluta-
tion of several persons; forensis, Cic.
Consaluto, 1. to greet together, hail, salute;
inter se amicissiine, Cic; with double ace,
aliquem dictatorem, Liv. ; earn Volumniam, Cic.
consanesco -sanili, 3. to become healthy, to
get well ; ilia quae consanuisse videbantur, Cic.
consanguine us -a -uin, related by blood,
brotherly, sisterly; umbrae, Ov. Subst, con-
sanguineus -i, m. brother, Cic. ; consan-
guine a -ae, f. sister, Cat. ; plur., consan-
guine! -orum, m. relations; Aedui Ambarri
necessarii et consanguinei Aeduorum, Caes. ;
transf., consanguineus Leti Sopor, V'erg.
consanguinitas atis, i. (consanguineus),
relationship by blood, consanguinity, Liv.
consaucio, 1. to wound severely, Suet.
consceleratus -a -am, p. adj. witli superl.
(conscelero), wicked, villainous, depraved; con-
sceleratissimi iilii, Cic. ; transf. of things, mens,
Cic -
conscelero, 1. tn defile with crime ; miseram
doniuin, Cat. ; oculos videndo, Ov. ; aures
patt'ruas, Liv.
conscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (com and
scando). A. 'o ascend, mount, go up; with ace,
equum, to 'mount on horseback, Liv. ; vallum,
Caes. ; aeqnor navibus, Verg. ; with in and the
arc., in eqnos, Ov. B. Naut. t. t., to go on
board ship, embark; witli in and the ace, in
navem, Caes.; witli ace, navem, Caes.; absol.,
to embark ; conscendere a Brundisio, Cic.
consoenslo -onis, f. (conscendo), an embark-
ing, embarkation ; in naves, Cic.
conscientia -ae, f. (conscio). I, A. a joint,
knowledge with some other person, being privy to ;
horiini omnium, Cic; conjurationis, Tac. ; eius-
modi facinorum, Cic; absol. conseientiap con-
tagio, Cic ; aliquein in Conscientiam assumeiv,
Tac II. knowledge in oneself. A. Gen., virinm
nostrarum ae. suarum, Liv. ; absol., nostra
Mahilis conscientia, Cic B. consciousness of
right or 'wrong ; a, conscientia bene actae vitae,
Cic; scelerumet fraudum. suarum, Cic. ; ex nulla
conscientia de culpa, Sail.; b, conscience ; animi
conscientia excruciari, Cic. ; praeclara con-
scientia, Cic ; absol., (a) a good conscience; niea
mihi conscientia plurisest quain omnium sermo,
Cic; (0), a bad conscience; angor conscientiae,
Cic ; conscientia ictus, Liv.
conscindo -scidi -scissuni, 3. to tear or rend
in pieces. I. Lit., epistolam, Cic. II. Transf.,
conscissi sibilis, hissed at, Cic
conscio, 4. to be conscious of guilt; nil con-
scire sibi, Hor.
conscisco -scivi and -scli -scltum, 3. 1, to
agree on, resolve publicly, decree, Cic ; bellum,
Liv. ; 2, to bring or inflict upon oneself, inflict
upon ; sibi mortem, or simply mortem, necem,
to kill oneself, Cic; sibi exsilium, Liv. (syncop.
perfect forms eonscisse, Liv. ; conscisset, Cic).
conscius -a -um (com and oclo), 1, having
joint or common knowledge with another, privy
to, cognisaiit of; with genit., homo meorum in
te studiorum et ofliciorum maxime conscius 1 )
Cic; conjurationis, conspirator. Sail.; poet.,
conscia fati sidera, Verg. ; alicui coiiscium esse
facinoris, Tac. ; witli dat., Conscius facinori, Cic. ;
with in and the abl., conscitis in privatis rebus,
Cic; with de and the abl., his de rebus consciuni
esse Pisonem, Cic. ; absol., sine tillo conscio,
Cic. ; 2, conscious to oneself! ft, With genit., si
alicuius in.juriaesibicoiuicins ftiisset, Cic. ; with
ace. and infill., etsi mihi sum conscius me nimis
cupidum fuisse vitae, Cic. ; absol., couscii sibi,
Sail.; poet., virtus conscia, Verg.; b, esp.,
conscious of guilt ; animus, Sail.
consoriblllo, 1. (dim. of conscribo), to
scribble or scraivl all over, Varr. ; transf., nates,
to mark with bloody weals, Cat.
conscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to write
together. I. A. 1, milit. t. t., to enrol, levy ; ex-
ercitus, Cic; legiones.Caes.; 2, politic 1. 1., a, to
enrol in a particular class ; centuriae tres equit-
um conacriptae sunt, Liv. ; Collinam (tribum)
novam delectu perditissimorum civiuin eon-
scribebat, Cic. ; b, to enrol as a senator; hence
the phrase, patres conscripti (for patres et cun-
scripti), senators, Cic ; sing., a setiator, Hor.; c,
to enrol as colonists, Liv. B. 1, to put together in
writing, write, compose; librum de consulatu,
Cic; epistolam, legem, Cic; absol., to write a
letter; de Antonio quoque Balbus ad me cum
Oppio conscripsit, Cic. ; 2, esp. of physicians,
to prescribe ; pro salutaribus mortifera, Cic.
II. to write all over ; lnensam vino, Ov.
conscriptio -onis, f. (conscribo), a writing,
composition, written paper ; falsae conscriptiones
quaestionum, forged minutes, Cic.
consoriptus -a -um, partic. of conscribo.
conseco -secfii -scctum, 1. to cut in small
pieces, dismemle,- ; lnembra fratris, Ov.
consecratio -onis, f. (oonsecro), 1, a, a
consecration ; aedium, Cic; b, a dedication to
the infernal gods, execration, curse ; capitis, Cic. ;
2, deification of the emperors, apotheosis, Tac
ConsScro, (eonsacro), 1. I. A. to conse-
crate, to dedicate to the service of a god ; totam
Siciliam Cereri, Cic ; diem adventus alicuius,
make a feast-day, Liv. B. to consecrate to the
gods below, to curse; quum caput eius, qui con-
tra feoerit, conseeratur, Cic. II. A. to deify,
elevate tn divine honours ; Liber quern nostri
ma.jores ennseeravernnt, Cic ; of the emperors,
c.onsecraiv. Clau-.'.ium, Suet. B. Transf., to make
holy ; Vetera jam ista et religione omnium con-
secrata, Cic C. to make immortal ; amplissimis
moniinicnt.is meinoriam noiuinis sui, Cic
conaectarius -a -um (consector), following
logiadly, consequent, Cic Subst., consectaria
-orum, n. Ingiml conclusions, inferences, Cic.
consectatio -onis, f. (consector), the eager
pursuit of anything, desire, effort, striving after;
concinnitatis, Cic.
consectatrix -icis, f. (conseotabor), an
eager pursuer, devoted friend ; consectatrices vol-
uptatis libidines, Cic.
consectio -onis, f. (conseco), o cutting up,
cleaving to pieces; arborum, Cic.
consector, 1. dep. (freq. of consequor). I.
A. Lit., to follow, pursue eagerly, Ter. ; tardi in-
genii est rivulos consectan, fontes rerum non
videre, Cic. B. Transf., to pursue zealously,
strive after, try to imitate or gain ; opes ant pot-
entiam, Cic; ubertatem orationis, Cic; vitium
de industria, Cic. II. to follow hostilely, pursue;
redeuntes equites, Caes. ; aliquem et conviciis et
sibilis, Cic.
conaccutio -r.nis, f. (consequor), 1, philo-
soph. t t., that which follows, an, effect, conse-
ecwi
iM
cou
qncnce ; causas reruin et conseciitiones videre,
Cic; 2, rhet. 1. 1., order t connexion, arrangement;
verborum, Cic.
consenesco -sOufli, 3. I. to become oW,
grow grey; line o;»sa, 0\'. II. In a bad sense,
to become old, to hue one's strength, to decay. A.
Lit., 1, of persons, insontcm, indeiunatnm in
exsiliooonsenescere, Liv.; consenescereiuSiciliS
suli minis, Uy.J 2, of bodily strength, to decay;
consenesount vires atqtte deficiunt, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, in vidia liabet repentinos impetus, in-
terposlto spatioctcognita causa consonesei (,(''('.;
2, in politics, to lux power; onu.es illius jxt: tia
nuctoics ac socios nullo adversario consencscerc,
Cic.
consensu) -onis, f. (consentio). A. Gen.,
agreement, harmony, consent; a, of persons,
omnium gentium, Cic; nulla de illis magis-
tratuum consensio, Cic. ; b, of tilings, har-
mony ; naturae, Cic. B. In a bad sense, a plot,
conspiracy; consensio scelerata, Cic.
consensus -us, in. (consentio). I. agree-
ment, unanimity, concord, agreement; a, of per-
sons, omnium, Cic. ; optimus in rempublicam
consensus, Cic. ; abl., consensu, unanimously,
by general consent ; resistere, Liv. ; b, of tilings,
mirus quidam omnium quasi consensus doc-
trinannn concentusque, Cic. H. a secret agree-
ment, conspiracy; consensus audacium, Cic.
consentaneous -a -uin (consentio), agreeing
to, agreeable with, consonant with, fit, suitable;
cum iis litteris, Cic; gen. with dat., Stoicorum
rationi, Cic; impers., consentaneum est, with
iulin. or ace and infin., it agrees,- is reasonable,
suitable, Cic.
Con3entes Dii, the advisers, the twelve
superior deities of the Romans — viz., Jupiter,
Juno, Vesta, Ceres, Diana, Minerva, Venus, Mars,
Mercurius, Xeptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo, Varr.
Consentia -ae, f. a town in Bruttii, now
Consen:a. Adj., Consentlnus -a -11111.
consentio -sens) -sensum, 4. to agree. I.
Lit., of persons. A. Gen., to agree, to assent,
to resolve unanimously ; absol., animi consent. -
ientes, Cic. ; with dat or cum and the abl.,
conse.ntire superioribus jndiciis, Cic; cum
popnli Romani volnntatibns consentiant, Cic. ;
with de or in and the abl., Cic. ; ad with the
ace, Cic; adversus with the ace., Liv.; cum
aliquo dealiqufire, Cic ; with aec, Cic; bellnm,
to resolve upon war, Liv.; with aec. and iulin.
or inlin. alone, Cic. B. to plot, conspire, farm
an unlawful union; ad prcdendom Rannibali
urbem, Liv. ; belli facicudi causa, Cic II.
Transf., of inanimate objects, to agree, har-
monise ; ratio nostra consentit, Cic ; prcs.
partic, consentiens -entis, harmonious; con-
Rentiens popnli Romani uuiveisi voluntas, Cic.
consepio = consaeplo (q.v.).
consequens -quentis, p. adj. (consequor),
a, grammat. t. t., appropriate, of the right con-
struction; in conjunctia (verbis) quod non est
consequens vituperandum est, Cic; b, philo-
soph. t. t.. fallowing logiadhj, consequent; con-
sequens est, it follows as a laglc/tl Consequence,
Cic. Subst, consequens -quentis, n. a logical
COnsrq'Li "llrr, CiC
conscquentia -ae, f. (consequor), ft eo?i-
seqnenef, succession; oventorum, Cic.
conscquia -ae, f.= consequentia (q.v.).
consequor -sequtltus (-secutus), 3. dep. to
follow, go after. I. Gen., A. Lit., 1, aliquem
vestigiis, on foot, Cic; Z, to pursue; consequi
statim Ilasdrnbalem, Liv. B. Transf, 1, to
follow in point of time; mors, quae brevi conse-
cuta est, Cic; quia libertateni pax conseqne-
batur> Cic ; 2, a, to follow as an effect or con-
sapience, result from; quain corilill o|liitioiiCIIl
magni errores cousecnti sunt, Cic. ; b, to follow
as a logical consequence; lit eliani quod COIISC-
quitur necessarium, Cic. ; 3, tofoUoivTa particn-
lAr object or example; consequi siiuni quoddam
instifutuin, Cic' II. to come up to by following,
attain to, reach, obtain. A. Lit., 1, si statim
navigns, nos Lettcade consequent, Cic ; 2, to
come up with in pursuit, overtake; . reliquos
onines cquitatu, Cues. B. Transf., 1, to attain
to, obtain, get; cuius vei tantac tamquo difficilis
facultatem consecutum esse me non proiiteor;
seculinn esse, prac me fero, Cic. ; opes quant
maximas, Cic. ; aiitplissimos ftonores, Cic. ;
fructum autplissiinuiu ex rcipublicae causa,
Cic; omnia per senatum, Cic; fortitudinis
gloriam insidits c.t malitia, Cic ; foil, by til or
11c with the subj., Cic; 2, of objects, events,
to befall, happen to; tanta prosperitas Caesnreni
est consecuta, Cic; 3, to come up to in any
respect, to equal; a, verborum prope numeruin
sententiaruin numero, Cic; b, esp., to express
adequately in words ; alieuius laudes verbis, Cic. ;
4, to come up to in speech or thought, to understand,
grasp; similitudinem veri, Cic.
1. consero -sevi -situni, 3. 1, to sow, plant ;
a, lit., agros, Cic. ; b, transf., lumine arva (of
the sun), to cover, Lucr.; 2, to plant, place in;
arborein, Liv.
2. consero -semi -sertum, 3. I. Gen., to
connect, tie, join, twine together; lorica conserta
hamisverg.; exodia cotnserere fabellis potissim-
uni Atellanis, Liv. II. to join in a. hostile,
manner. A. Milit. t. t., manum or mantis con-
serere, to engage, Cic ; cum aliquo, Cic ; inter
se, Sail.; conserere pugnam,. Liv. ; proelium,
Liv. ; tiavis conseritur, the ship is engaged, Liv. ;
absol., conserere cum levi armatura, Liv. B.
Legal t. t., aliquem ex jure manum eoiisertum
vocare, to commence an action concerning property
by laying hands un it, ap. Cic.
conserte, adv. (consertus from 2. consero),
connectedly, Cic
conserva -ae, f. a fellow-servant, Plant. ;
transf., conservae fores, in the same service, Ov.
conservans -antis, p. adj. (conservo), pre-
serving; Willi genit., ea quae conservantia stint
eins status, Cic.
conservatio -onis, f. (conservo), a preserva-
tion, keeping, laying up; a, lVugum, Cic ; b,
observing, observance; aequabilitatis, Cic
conservator -oris, m. (conservo), a pre-
server; inimicornm, Cic ; reipublicae, Cic
conservatrix -Tcis, f. (conservo), she who
preserves; naturn, Cic (?)
conservo, l. to keep, preserve, maintain; a,
of concrete objects, cives suos, Cic. ; onines
salvos, Cic. ; rempublicam, Cic. ; rem familiar-
em, Cic ; b, of abstract objects, to preserve,
maintain, observe.; pristinum aninmni, Liv.;
jusjtirandum, to keep, Cic.
conservus -i, m. a fellow slave, servant, Cic.
consessor -oris, in. (consido), one who siis
near or with, in a court of justice, an assessor,
Cic. ; a neighbour at a feast or spectacle, Cic.
consessus -us, in. (consido), oh assembly (of
persons sitting together) ; in ludo talario, Cic. ;
praeconum, Cic. ; lttdomm gladiatorttmque, Cic;
plur., consessus theatrales gladiatoriiqne, Cic
considerate, adv., with compar. and
sttperl. (considerntus), thoughtfully, carefully;
agere, Cic.
considcratio-Onis, f. (considero), considera-
tU 1, contemplation, thought, reflection; consider-
ationem intnndere in aliquid, Cic
conslderatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
OOii
12?
0611
tacl super! (considero), a, pass., thoroughly con-
sidered, well weighed, deliberate; verbuin, Cic. ;
eonsiderata atquc pro'visa via vivendi, Cic. ; b,
act., of persons, cautious, wary, circumspect;
homo, Cic.
considero, 1. (com and root SlG, con-
nected with BIAfi, IAfJ, VlD-eo)i A. Lit.,
to look at, regard carefully, conteiiiphUe ; coil^
siderare opus pictoris, Cic. B. Transf:, lo con-
sider, weigh, reflect upon; with secuill, CU111
auiiuo suo, secuin in animo ; eonsiderare secum
«os casus, in quibus, etc., Cic. ; with rel. scat,
consideres quid agas, Cic. ; with de and the
abl. , nunc de praemiis cousidereinus, Cic. ; absol.,
ille (ait) se eonsiderare velle, Cic.
consido -sedi -sessum, 3. neut. I. Lit., to
sit down. A. Of persons, hie in umbra, Cic; in
inolli lierba, Cic. ; esp., 1, to sit down in a jmb-
lic assembly or court of justice ; utprimum. indices
consederant, Cic; ad jus dicendum, Liv.; 2,
.unlit, t. t., a, to take up one's position; tria.ru
sub vexillis considebant siuistro crure porrecto,
Liv.; in insidiis, Liv.; b, more commonly, to
stop, encamp; considere non longius mille pass-
ibus a nostris munitionibus, Caes. ; 3, to stay,
and of passengers on board ship, to land; hie
an Antii, Cic ; Tarquiniis, Liv. B. Of things,
to fall to the ground, settle, sink, subside ; quae
(Alpes) jam licet considant, Cic. ; Ilion ardebat
neque adhuc consederat ignis, Ov. II. Transf.,
A. Of persons, considere in otio, to rest, Cic. ;
totani videmus consedisse urbem luctu, sunk in
grief, Verg. B. Of things, 1, to stop, cease ; ardor
animi cousedit, Cic; 2, to fall into neglect;
conscdit utriusque nomen in quaestura, Cic.
consigno, 1. 1, to seal, to affix a seal as an
authentication; tabulas siguis, Cic. ; 2, to vouch
for, authenticate ; aliquid litteris, Cic; transf.,
antiquitas clarissimis monumentis testata cou-
signataque, Cic.
consiliarius -a -urn (consilium), relating to
counsel, deliberating ; senatus, Plaut. Subst.,
consiliarius -ii, m. an adviser, an assessor,
assistant judge; consiliario et auctore Vestorio,
Cic. ; dari alicui consiliarium atque administrum,
Cic. ; consiliarii regis, Cic.
conciliator -Oris, m. (consilior), counsellor,
adviser, Phaedr.
consilior, 1. dep. (consilium), to hold a con-
sultation, consult, take counsel; diftleilis ad con-
siliandum legatio, Cic.
consilium -ii, n. (connected with consnlo).
I. Act., A. 1, lit., a delibcratian,\considtation,
taking counsel; consilium principum habere, to
hold a consultation witlt the chiefs, Liv. ; quasi
consilii sit res, as if the matter allowed of con-
sideration, Caes. ; consiliis intercsse, Cic. ; esp.
the deliberation of a public body ; consilii pub-
lic! participein fieri, Cie.; consilium habere, Cic;
adesse alicui in consilio, Cic. ; 2, meton., the
assembly of persons giving advice, council; esp.,
a, the senate; senatus, id est, orbis terrae con-
silium, Cic ; b, the body of judges; ex senatu
in hoc consilium delecti estis, Cic. ; c, a council
of war ; consilium convocare, Caes. ; rem ad
consilium deferre, Caes. B. understanding, fore-
sight, prudence; vir maximi consilii, Caes.;
mulier imbecilli consilii, Cic. II. Pass., the ad-
vice or counsel given; a resolution, plan, conclu-
sion; 1, a. capero consilium, to form a resolu-
tion, Cic. ; belli renovandi, Caes. ; subito consili-
um cepi, ut antequain luceret exirein, Cic. ; con-
silium consistit, holds good, Cic. ; est consilium,
foil, by infin., Cic; quid sui consilii sit pro-
ponit, he explains what his plan is, Caes. ; inire
•consilium senatus interflciendi, Cic; abl., con-
silio, intentionally, designedly, Cic; privato con-
•silio, privatis consiliis (opp. publico consilio,
publicis consiliis), in the interests of private
persons, Cic; b, milit. t. t., stratagem, device;
consilium imperatoriuiu, Cic; 2, advice, sug-
gestion ; alicui consilium dare, Cic; cgere con-
silii or consilio, Cic.
consimilis -e, like in all parts, exactly
similar; with genit, causa consimilis caruiu
cnusarum quae, etc., Cic. ; with dat., consimilis
fugae profectio, Caes.; absol., laue, Cic.
consipio, 3. (com and sapio), to be in one's
senses, to have possession of one's faculties, Liv.
consisto -stiti, 3. to put oneself in any
place. I. Gen., to take one's stand, place one-
self. A. Lit., 1, of persons, consistere ad
mensam, Cic ; hi proximi coustitcre, . Liv. ;
esp. a, as a listener, tota in ilia contioue Italia
eonstitit, Cic; b, milit. t. t., to place oneself
for battle, take one's place ; lie saucio quidem
eius loci, ubi constiterat, relinquendi facultas
dabatur, Cic; 2, of dice, to fall; quadring-
entis talis centum Venerios nou posse casu con-
sistere, Cic. B. Transf., to agree with ; videsne
igitur Zenonem tuum cum Aristonc verbis
consistere, re djssidere, Cic II. Esp. to stand
still. A. to stop>, halt; 1, lit., a, of persons,
consistite ! Ov. ; consistere et commorari cogit,
Cic; esp., (a) to stop for conversation ; viatores
etiain invitos consistere cogunt, Caes. ; (fi) to
stop in wonder, curiosity, etc.; bestiao saepe im-
maues cantu flectuntur et consistunt, Cic. ;
(y) milit. t. t., to halt; prope liostem, Caes.;
(5) of travellers, fugitives, etc., to halt, stop, stay ;
consistere unum diemVeliae, Cic; b, of things,
vel concidat oinne caelum omnisque natura con-
sistat necesse est, Cic. ; esp. of water, to stop
still; ter frigore eonstitit Ister, froze, Ov. ; 2,
transf., a, to stop, dwell in speech ; in uno nom-
ine, Cic; b, to rest, cease; quum ad Trebiam
terrestre constitisset .helium, Liv. ; c, to rest,
fall upon ; in quo (viro) non modo culpa nulla,
sed ne suspicio quidem potuit consistere, Cic;
d, to consist, to be formed of; major pars victus
eoruin in lacte, caseo, came consistit, Caes.
B, 1, to stand firmly, keep one's ground, foot-
ing ; in fluctibus, Caes. ; vertice celso aerjae
quercus constiterunt, were firmly rooted, Verg.;
2, transf., a, to keep one's ground, to hold one's
own; in forensibus causis praeehire, Cic; b,
to be firm; neque mens, neque vox neque lingua
consistit, Cic.
consitio -6nis,f. (consero), asowing, planting;
plur., different kinds of sowing or planting, Cic.
consltor -oris, m. (consero), a soiver, planter;
uvae, Bacchus, Ov.
consitura -ae, f. (consero), asowing, plant-
ing; agri, Cic
consobrinus -i, m. and consobrina -ae,
f. cousin on the mother's side, Cic.-; cousin, Cic. ;
and in a more extended sense, second, third
cousin, Suet.
consocer -cen, in. a joint father-in-law, Suet.
consociatio -onis, f. (consocio), union, con-
nexion, association ; hominuni, Cic.
consociatus -a -um, p. adj. (from consocio),
united, harmonious ; consociatissinia voluntas,
Cic.
consocio, 1. to unite, connect, share, associate,
make common; consilia cum aliquo, Cic; inju-
riam cum nmicis, Cic; aninios oorum, Liv. J
nunquam tain veheinentcr cum senatu con-
sociati fuistis, Cic
consolabills -e (consolor), consolable; dol-
or, Cic.
COnsolatlO -onis, f. (consolor), consolation,
encouragement, comfort, alleviation; 1, commun-
ium malorum, Cic. ; tiinoris, Cic. ; adhibere ali-
quani modicaui consolationero, Cic;-adhiber«
coil
Lib
con
alicUl consolatiotietn, Cic. ; mini ine una consol-
atlo suatentat qlltid, etc., Cic ; uti liac consola-
tione alicuius (roll, by ace. and inlin.), Cic. ; 2,
o consolatory tredtise or discourse, Cic
consolator -oris, m. (consolor), a consoler,
Cic
consolatorlus -a -um (consolator), relating
to consolation, consolatory ; litterae, Cic.
consolor, I. dep. 1, of persons, to console,
comfort, to ( n courage ; se illo solatio quoit, etc.,
Cie. ; so his (foil, by ace. ami inlin.), Cic ; ali-
quem de communibus miseriis, Cic. ; spes sola
homines hi miseriis consolari solet, Cic; absol.,
cousolaudo levare dulorein, Cic ; Caesar con-
solatus rogat (eum) finem oiandi faciat, Caes. ;
2, of things, to alleviate, liqhten, solace; tlolorem,
Cic.
consdno -sontti, 1. 1, to sound together,
sound loudly ; a, consonnnte clamore nominatim
Quinctinm orare at, etc., Liv.; b, toecho ; plansu
freinituque virum consonat onine nenius, Verg. ;
2, transl'., to harmonise, agree, be consonant villi,
Quint.
consftnus -3 -um. A. Lit., sounding to-
gether, harmonious; fila lyrae, Ov. B. Transf.,
accordant, fit, suitable; credo Platonem vix
putasse satis consonum fore at, etc., Cic.
consop?o, 4. to lull to sleep, stupefy; somno
consopiri sempiterno, Cic. ; Bndymion a lima
consopitus, Cic.
censors -sortis, 1, having an- equal share
with, sharing in, partaking of; with genit.,
socius et consols gloriosi laboris, Cic ; mecum
temporuni illorum, Cic. ; tribuniciae potestatis,
Tac; applied to inanimate objects, common;
tecta, Verg. ; 2, having an equal share in pro-
perty ; tres fratres consnrtes, tenants in common,
Cic; poet., brother or sister,; consors magni
Jovis, Juno, Ov. ; adj. = brotherly, sisterly;
sanguis, Ov.
consortlo -finis, f. (consors), companion-
ship, community, partnership ; Jiuinaiia, Cic
consortium -li, n. (consors), 1, rommvnity
of goods, Suet. ; 2. fellowship, part Icijxit ion in;
si in consortio, si in societats reipublicae esse
licet, Liv.
1. conspectus -a -um, p. adj. (from con-
spicio). A. Gen., visible; tumulus hosti con-
spectus, Liv. B. (with rompar.) striking, re-
markable, distinguished ; conspectus elatusque
supra moilum hominis, Liv. ; conspecta mors
eius fuit, quia publico fiinere est elatns, Liv. ;
tnrta conspectior, Liv.
'2. conspectus -us, ni. (conspiclo), look,
sight, vino. I. Act., A. Lit., dare se alioui in
conspectum, to allow oneself to If seen, hy, Cic.;
in conspectn alicuius rs.se, to be within sight of,
Cic. ; n conspectn abirc, Cues. ; adulters con-
spectum oculurum, Liv.; cadere in conspectum,
Cic ; conspectus est in Capitolium, the view is
towanls the. Capitol, Liv.; conspectum nlicu *
fngere, Caes. ; privare aliqnero omnium suoru n
consuetudine conspectuque, Cic. ; of things, in
conspectn alicuius loci, in sight of Cic B.
Transf., mental view, survey; in hoc conspectn
et cognitionc naturae, Cic II. Pass., appear-
ance, Liv. A. Lit., conspectn suo proelium
restituit, Liv. B. Meton., tuns jncundissfanus
conspectus, Cic.
oonspergo (con-spargo), -spersi -spersum, 3.
to sprinkle, moisten by sprinkling ; me Incrimis,
Cic. ; transf., ut oratio conspenw ait quasi verb-
ornm sententiaruinqne floribus, interspersed
with, Cic.
conspiolendus -a -um, p. adj. (from
conspiiin), worthy of bring seen, noteworthy ;
opus, Liv. ; teiuplnm, Ov.
conspiclo -spcxi -spectuni, 3. (co..i and
specio), 1, to look at, view, behold, to descry, per-
ceive; conspicerc nostros equites, Caes. ; in fastis
OCUlia omnium COIlspici, Cic. ; indites in sunniio
code, Caes. ; procul Ambiorigein suos cohortant*
em, Caes. ; with ace and infin., calones qui
nostros victores flunien transisse conspexerant,
Caes.; 2, to look at with attention; Demetrium
ut pacis auctorein cum ingenti favore ennspicie-
bant, Liv. ; locum insidiis, for an ambush, Verg.;
in pass., conspici, to attract notice, to be gazed at,
to be distinguished; vein per urbem, conspici
velle, Cic
consplcor, 1. dep. (conspicio), to catch sight
of, perceive ; ngtneu Aeduoruin, Caes. ; ex oppido
caedem et fugam suoruni, Caes.
conspL'-iius -a -um (conspicio), visible. A.
Gen., conspicuus polus, Ov. B. remarkable,
striking, conspicuous; conspicuus late vertex,
Hor. ; Romania conspicnum eum novitas diviti-
aeqne faciebant, Liv.
conspi ratio -finis, f. (conspiro), 1, unison,
harmony, agreement, union ; omnium bonorum,
Cic ; magna amoris conspiration consentientes
amicoruin greges, Cic. ; 2, in a tad sense, ron-
spiracy, plot; conspiratio certoruui hominum
contra dignitatem tuam, Cic
conspiratus -a -um (partic. of conspiro),
sworn together, united by an oath, Phaedr. Subst.,
COnspirati -ornm, m. conspirators, Suet.
conspiro, 1. (com and spiro), to breathe
together. I. A. to blow together, sound together ;
aereaque assensu conspirant cornna ranco, Verg.
B. to agree, harmonise in opinion and feeling,
to unite; conspirate nobiscum, consentite cum
bonis, Cic. ; indites legionis nonae subito eon-
spirati (with one accord) pila conjecerunt, Cic
II. In a bad sense, to conspire, to form a plot ;
priusquam plures civitates eonspirarent, Caes.
consponsor -oris, m. a joint surety, Cic
conspuo -spfli •sputum, 3. to spit upon,
Plant., Jttv.
oonspurco, 1. to cover with dirt, ihfile, Luer.
consputo, 1. (inehoat. of conspuo), to spit
upon contemptuously ; nostros, Cic
constans -antis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (consto), a, steady, firm, unchanging,
immovable, constant; quae cursus constantes
habent, Cic; pax, Liv.; tides, Hor.; constans
jam aeta.s, quae media dieitur, Cic.; b, of
character, firm, resolute, unchanging, constant;
sunt igitnv llnni et stabiles et constantes (aniici)
nligendi, Cic; o, consistent, harmonious; oratio,
Cic; d, uniform, unanimous; constant! fama
atque omnium sennono celcbrari, Cic
constanter, adv. with compar. and superl.
(constans), a, firmly, consistently, constantly ;
constanter in suo manere statu, Cic; constanter
et noii tiepide pugnare, Caes.; constanter et sed-
ate ferre dolorem, Cic. ; b, uniformly, harmoni-
ously ; constanter omnes nuntiaverunt mains
cogi, Caes. ; constanter sibi dicere, Cic
constantia -ac, f. (constans), a, unchange-
ahleness ; diotorum conventommqne constantia,
Cic; b, perseverance, firmness; pertinacia ant
constantia intercessoris, Cic; c, agreement, har-
mony ; testimoniorum, Cic.
consternatio -6nis, f. (consterno), 1, fear,
dismay, consternation, confusion; pavor et con-
sternatio qiiadrigarum, Liv.; pavor et conster-
natio mentis, Tac ; 2, a mutiny, tumult; vulgi,
Tac.; muliebris consternatio, Liv.
1. consterno -stravi -stratum, 3. A. to strew,
scatter, cover by stir icing; kabernacula caespiti-
bus, Caes. ; omnia cadaveribus, Sail. ; constrata
navis, a decked boat, Caes. ; subst., constrata
COii
129
con
•Ot'tiin, ii., pontis, the flooring or gangway over
a bridge of boats, Liv. B. to throw down;
tempestas aliquot siguaconstravit, Liv.
2. cousterno, 1. (intens. of 1. cousterno),
1, to cause confusion, consternation, fear, to
frighten; procella ita consternavit equoa, Liv.;
esp. in pass., equi consternati, startled, Liv. ;
pavida et consternata multitudo, Liv. ; also, to
drive to flight by fear; in fugain consternati,
Liv. ; 2, to excite to sedition or revolt ; metu
servitutis ad arma consternati, Liv.
COUStipo, 1. to 'press, crowd together; tantutn
nuiiicruiu honunum iu agrum Campanum, Cic.
constltuo --stitui -stitutum, 3. (com and
stiituo). I. to cause to stand, place, put; hom-
iuem ante pedes Q. Manilii, Cic; mil it. t. t.,
a, to draw up in line, place, station, arrange;
signa ante tribunal, to set vp the standards,
Liv. ; legionem Caesar constituit, drew up,
Caes. ; naves in alto, Caes. ; intra silvas acieni
ordinesque, Caes. ; b, to halt. ; signa hand pro-
cul porta, Liv. ; agmen, Sail. II. to put in a
particular place; 1, to station, post, settle; a,
praesidia in Tolosatibus circumque Narbonein,
Caes. ; plebem in agris jmblicis, Cic. ; b, to
appoint to an office ; regem, Cic. ; aliquem sibi
quaestoris in loco, Cic. ; with the ace, Conimiuin
regem ibi, Caes.; 2, to found, establish ; a, of
buildings, towns, etc., turres, Caes. ; oppidum,
Caes. ; nidos, Cic. ; liiberna omnium legionum
in Belgis, Caes. ; b, of institutions, taxes, etc.,
vectigal, Cic. ; of magistracies, quae (potent-
ates, imperia, curationes) constituuntur ad pop-
uli fructum, Cic.; c, of an undertaking, auction-
em, Cic; actionem, to begin an action, Cic;
crimen in aliqun, Cic; quaestionem, Cic ; d, of
relations, to establish ; concordiani, Cic. ; ex-
eniplum justitiae in hostem, Cic. ; e, of persons,
ties legiones, to form, Caes. ; 3, to arrange,
appoint, dispose, establish firmly; a, of the body,
is cui corpus bene constitutum sit, Cic; b, of
the character, animus bene constitutus, Cic ; c,
of condition, situations, etc., rem familiarem,
Cic. ; d, of the stare, bene constituta ci vitas,
Cic ; 4, to fix, settle upon ; a, (a) tempus, diem,
Cic, Caes.; mercedem funeris, Cic; pretium fru-
mento, Cic. ; diem cum aliquo, Caes. ; with rel.
sent., armoruin quantum quaeque civitas quod-
que ante tempus eiticiatconstituit, Caes; with ace
and infill., inehodie ventununes.se, Cic; with ut
and the subj., ut L. Bestia quereretur de actioni-
bus Ciceronis, Cic ; absol. , ut erat constitutum,
Cic. ; (fi) of persons, to appoint, agree upon; accus-
atorein, Cic; b, (a) to settle, determine ; nondum
satis constitui molestiaene an plus voluptatis at-
tulerit Trebatius noster; (fi) to determine at law,
settle, decide; controversial]], Cic. ; de perspicuo
jure, Cic. ; c, to come to a determination, to resolve ;
haec ex re et ex tempore constitues, Cic. ; with
inlin., bellum cum Germanis gerere, Caes.; with
ut and the subj., ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
Cic.
constitutio -on is, f. (constituo), 1, consti-
tution, condition, disposition, nature ; llrma con-
stitutio corporis, Cic. ; reipublicae, Cic. ; ilia
praeclara constitutio Romuli, Cic. ; 2, fixing, de-
termining; a, the definition or settling of some-
thing ; ea constitutio sumini boni quae est prae-
posita, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t., the point in dispute,
Cic; c, a regulation, order, ordinance; cogeb-
atur alia aut ex decreto priorum legatoruin aut
ex nova constitutione senatus facere, Cic.
constitutum -i, n. (constitutus, from con-
stituo), 1, a fixed place or time of meeting, rendez-
vous ; V. Calend. igitur ad constitutum, Cic;
constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent,
Cic; 2, an agreement, appointment, compact;
ad constitutum experiendi gratia venire, Cic.
constitutus -a- uin, partic. of eonstitud.
consto -stfti -staturus, 1. to stand still. 1.
Lit., Plant. II. Transf., A. Gen.; 1, a, to
exist; nude omuis rerum nunc constet siuiiina
creata. Liter. ; b, to consist; ex aiiimo constamus
et coi pore, Cic. ; c, to depend upon, rest upon ;
lnouuit eius diei victoriam in earum cohortium
virtute constare, Caes.; 2, to cost; ambulati-
uncula pi'ope diinidio minoris constabit isto
loco, Cic. B. 1, to stand firm, remain; a,
inilit. I. t. to hold one's ground, stand firm ; post-
qnam nullo loco constabat aries, Liv. ; b, of
looks, speech, etc. to remain the same, to be un-
altered; adeo perturbavit ea vox legem, ut non
color, non vultus ei constaret, Liv. ; 2, to be in
good order; postquam cuncta videt caelo con-
stare sereuo, Verg. ; esp., ratio constat, the ac-
count is correct, Cic; 3, to remain in the same
state, continue; nullum est genus rerum, quod
avulsum a ceteris per se ipsum constare possit,
Cic ; uti Humerus legiouuni constare videretur,
Caes.; 4, toremainin thesame thought or opinion ;
a, to remain constant; nee animuiu eius satis
constare visum, Liv. ; constare sibi or alicui
rei, to be true to; reliqui sibi constiterunt, Cic. ;
constat humanitati suae, Cic. ; of resolves, to be
fixed, firm; animo constat sententia, Verg. ;
alicui constat, a person is resolved; mini quidem
constat nee meam contumeliam nee meoruin
ferj'e, ap. Cic. ; b, of evidence, facts, etc., to be
certain, sure, well-known; eorum quae constant
exempla ponemus, horum quae dubia sunt ex-
empla atl'eiv.mus, Cic ; quod omnibus constabat
hiemari in Gallia oportere, Caes. ; mihi plane
non satis constit, utrum sit melius, Cic ; quum
de Magio constet, Cic.
constratum -i, n., v. 1. cousterno.
constringo -stvinxi -strictum, 8. A. Lit.,
a, to draw, bind together; sarcinam, Plant.; b,
to confine, fetter; corpora vinculis, Cic. B.
Trans/., a, to strengthen, fortify; constringere
tidem religione potius quam veritate, Cic. ; b,
to confine, limit, fetter, restrain; orbem terrarum
novis legibus, Cic. ; c, of discourse, to compress,
abbreviate ; sententiam aptis verbis, Cic.
constructlo -onis, f. (construo), 1, a'putting
together, building, construction, making; hom-
inis, Cic ; 2,^1'het. t. t. the proper connexion of
words ; verborum apta et quasi rotunda, Cic.
construo -struxi -stnictum, 8., 1, a, to heap .
up together; acervos nuinmorum, Cic ; uivitias,
Hor. ; b, to construct, build up ; mundunn, naveni,
aedificium, Cic. ; 2, to arrange; dentes In ore
construct! , Cic.
constiiprator -oris, m. a ravisher, defiler,
Liv.
constiipro, 1, to ravtih, violate; matronas,
Liv. ; tig., emptum constupratumque judicium,
corrupt, Cic.
consuadeo -si -sum, 2. to advise earnestly,
riaut,
Cousualia, v. Consus.
consuasor -oris, in. (consuadeo), an adviser,
Die.
consudo, 1. to sweat profusely, Plaut.
consuefacio -feci -factum, 3. (*consueo
and facio), to accustom, habituate, (Gaetulorum)
niultitudinein ordines habere, Sail.
consuesco -suevi -suetum, 3. L Transit.,
to accustom to; brachia, Lucr. II. Intransit., a,
to accustom oneself, and often in perf., consuevi,
1 am accustomed; with infin., qui mentiri solet,
pejeiare consuevit, Cic. ; with inanimate things
as subjects, naves quae praesidii causa Alexan-
driae esse consuerant, Caes. ; ut consuesti, as
you are accustomed, Cic. ; b, to be intimate
with; cum aliquo, cum aliqua, Cic. (perf. forms
con
iso
con
often conti'. edlisiicsti, constiestis, consuenius,
cuusucrunt, consiierauij conauerim, consuosse).
consuetudo -Inis, f. (eonsiioseo). I. cus-
tom, usage, habit; 1, inos conauctudoquc civilis,
Cic; withgcuib ofuubst., or gerund, consuetude)
populi Human i, Cic. jcoiisuetudosemionisiiostri,
Cic. ; consuetudo }ieccandl, Cic. ; consuetudo
bona, Cic. ; adducere aliquem or se in cam con-
suetudineni ut,etc.,Cacs. ; ah omnium Siculorum
consuetudine discedere, Cic ; non estnicae con-
suetudinis rationein reddere, Cic; tit est con-
suetudo, as is the usual practice, Cic. ; mutare con-
siietudinem dicendi, Cic. ; obdurescere alicnius
rei consuetudine, Cic. ; tenere consnetudinem
suam, Cic. ; iu consuetudinem venire, to become
customary, Cic; ex consuetudine, Cues. ; con-
suetudine, according to custom, Cic. ; 2, a,
manner of living ; ad Buperiorem couBuetudfiicm
reverti, Cic. ; i>, manne.ro/ speaki)ig ; co»sneU\do
indocta, Cic. II. social intercourse, intimacy;
insinuare in consuetudinem alicuius, Cic. ; esp.
of lovers. Stupri vetus consuetudo, an, intrigue of
long standing, Sail.
consuetus -a -inn. I. Partic. of consu-
esco(q.v.). II. P. adj., accustomed, customary,
'jsual ; lubido, Sail.
consul -sulis, m. (root CONS, or from con
and the root of salio, ■which is seen in praesnl
vul exsul), a consul, pi. consules, the consuls. I.
the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, chosen
by the comitia centuriata, originally from patri-
cians only, but after 365 B.C., aho from the ple-
beians ; consul ordinarius, one elected at the usual
time (opp. consul suffectus, one chosen in the course
oftheyear to supply the place of a consul deceased),
Liv. ; consul designates, consul elect, so called
between the election in July and entrance upon
office on the 1st of January, Cic. ; consul major,
the consul who had precedence of his colleague;
consul Flaminius consul iterum, Cic ; aliquem
dicerc consnlem, Liv. ; the year was generally
called by the consuls' names, e.g., L. Pis'one et
A. Gabiniocoss. (i.e. consiliums), i.e., (i'JO A.U.C.,
Caes, ; consule Tullo, Hor. ; the name of the
consul stamped on the cork marked the age of
wine ; Bibuli consults amphora, Hor. ; pro con-
sule, an officer in the. place of the consul, a
governor of a country, province, a proconsul;
proconsule in Ciliciam prollcisci, to go as pro-
consul to Cilicia, Cic. II. Transf., in the his-
torians used instead of proconsul, Liv.
consularis -e (consul), relating to a consul,
consular. A. Adj., aetas, the age (namely forty-
three), at which a man might lawfully be chosen con-
sul, Cic. ; fasces, Liv. ; lictor, auctoritas, Cic. ;
candidates, Cic. ; familia, Cic; imperium, Cic. ;
locus, place in. the senate, Cic ; provincia, Caes.
B. Bubst.j consularis -is m. one who had been
a consul, on ex-consul, Cic. ; in the imperial
period, a governor of consular railfc.TaC
consulariter, adv. (consularis), in a manner
worthy of a consul ; vitaonuiis consulariter acta,
Liv.
consulatus -us, m. (consul), the office oj con-
sul, the consulship; abdienre se consul at u, Cic ;
abdicare consulatum, Liv.; abire consulate, Liv.;
adipisci consulatum, Cic. ; afferre consulatum in
earn faniiliam, Cic; petere consulatum, Cic;
peracto consulatu, Caes.
consulo -sului-sultum, 3. (rootCONS, CENS,
or from con and the root of salio). I. a, (o reflect,
weigh, deliberate, consider, consult; iu commune,
for the common good, Liv; in longitodineni, for
the future, Tcr. : facto non consulto in tali peri-
culo opus esse, Sail. ; re consults et explorata,
Cic. ; quid agaut consuluut, Caes. ; b, to come
t& a conclusion, to take measures; libero con-
sulere ad summam rem, Caes. ; quae reges at-
qne populi male consulueriut, Sail. ; obseCM
ne quid graving de salute et iucolumitato tun.
consulas, Caes. ; consulerc in, to take measures
against; nihil in qucmqunm supbrue ac vio-
lcntcr, Liv. ; c, to lake counsel for some person or
thing, to have regard for the interests of, look to;
withdat., parti civinin consulere, parti negligere,
Cic; silii, Cic; dignitati alicuius, Cic ; alicui
optime, Cic. ; with ut, ne, or (with preced, neg-
at.) qnomimis and the snbj., Cic. ; d, aliquid
tioni consulere, to take in goad part ; haec missa,
Ov. II. to ask the adrice of, consult; nee te id
consul. i, consult about that, Cic. ; quod me tie
Antonio consnlis, Cic ; quid mihi faciendum
esse consent, Cic ; a, to ask the opinion of the
senate, to bring amatter before the senate; senatUS
a Histia consultus est, placeretne legatos Ju-
gurthao recipi moenibus, Sail. ; b, tolay amatter
before the. people; seniores de tribus consulendum
dixerunt esse, Liv. ; c, to take legal advice ; qui
dejurc civili consuli solent, Cic. ; d, to consult
an oracle, or deity; haruspicem, Cic; Phoebi
oracula, Ov. ; exta, Verg. ; Apollinem Pythium
quas potissimum regiones tenereut, Cic. ;*id pos-
setne fieri, consuluit, Cic.
consultatio -onis, f. (-2. consulto), 1, a
full consideration, deliberation; a, venit aliquid
iu consultationem, Cic. ; consultationem raptim
transigere,"Liv. ; b, a case proposed for consider-
ation, Quint. ; 2, an asking for advice, inquiry;
consultation! alicuius respondere, Cic.
consulto, adv., with compar. and superb
(consultus), advisedly, after consideration ; ca-ute
ac consulte gerere aliquid, Liv.
1. consulto, adv. (ahl. of consultum), delib-
erately, designedly ; consulto fecisse aliquid, Cic;
non consulto sed casu iu eornm mentionem bi-
dders, Cic.
2. consulto, 1. (freq. of consulo). I. to
consider maturely, weigh, ponder. A. Gen., de
officio, Cic ; triduum ad consultandum dare,
Liv. ; in longius, for the future, Tac; in medium,
for the common good, Sail. ; consultabat, Utrnin
Remain proticisceretur, an Capnam teneret, Cic.
B. alicui, to consult for, provide, for; reipub-
licae, Sail. II. (o consult, ask advice of; ali-
quem, Tib. ; vates ad earn rem consultandani
ex Etruria accire, Liv.
consultor -oris, m. (consulo), 1, an adviser;
egomet in aginine, in proelio consultor idem et
BOcius pericnli vobiscum adero, Sail. ; 2, one.
who asks advice, especially legal advice, a client ;
consultoribus suis respondere, Cic.
consultrix -Icis, f. (consultor), one who con-
sults, cares for, provides; natura consultrix et
provida utilitatum, Cic.
consultum -i, n. (consultus, from consulo),
resolution, plan, decision ; a, consulto collegae,
virtute militum victoria parta est, Liv.; facta
et consulta fortium et snpientiutn, Cic. ; b, esp.
a decree of the senate at Home, senatus constllt-
uin (shortened to S.C.); senatus consultum fac-
cre, Cic; 8.C. facere in aliquem, Liv.; S.C. facere
ut, etc, Cic. ; alicui senatus consulto scribendo
adesse, Cic; consulta patrum, Hor.; c, the
decree of a Sicilian senate (/SovA>j), Cic; d, the
answer of an oracle ; diim consulta petis, Verg.
1. consultus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superb (consulo), a, well considered, delib-
erated upon, well weighed : omnia consulta ad nos
et exquisita deferunt, Cic ; b, of persons, ex-
perienced, esp. in law; with genit.., juris con-
sultus (adj. or Btibst.), some ow learned in the
law, cic ; consultissinms vir omnis divini et
human! juris, Liv. ; consultus insanientis sapi-
entiae, Hor. ; with abl., jure consultus, Cic
Subst., consultus -i, in. a lawyer. Hor
C6H
131
con
2. COnsultus -iis, in. (consulo) = coiisultum
(q.v.).
consutn -fui -futurnm -fore, tobe, to happen,
Plant., Ter.
consummation -onis, f. (consumma), 1, a
summing up, adding up, Plin. ; 2, a finishing,
completion, consummation; maxiinarum rerum,
Sen.
consumraatus -a -am,. p. adj. with suporl.
(consummo), complete, perfect, consummate; elo-
quentia, Quint. ; orator, Quint.
consummo, 1. (com and summa), 1, to add
together, sum up; transf., to form a whole, com-
plete ; quae consnmmatui partibus, una dies (of
an intercalary day), Ov. ; in suum docus nom-
euque velut consiunmata eius belli gloria, lay.;
2, to complete, finish ; earn rem, Liv.
consumo -sumpsi -suniptum, 3. to take al-
together, consume. A. In doing something, to
spend, employ ; pecuniani inagrormn coemption-
ibus, Cic. ; oinne tempn.s in litteris, Cic. ; in-
geniuin in musicis, Cic. ; oinnein laborem, op-
eram, curam, studium in salute alicuius, Cic.
E. to destroy, waste, bring to an end ; a, omnia
tela, to shoot away, Caes. ; of provisions, oinne
fnimentum, Caes. ; of property, patrimouia,
Cic. ; omnes fortunas sociorum, Caes. ; of time,
to spend, pass; magna diei parte consumptn,
Caes. ; aestatem in Treviris, Caes. ; consuinendi
otii causa, Cic. ; horas multas saepe suavissimo
sermone, Cic. ; of resources or activity, to waste,
consume in vain; multam opcram frustra, Cic. ;
D, to uxiste, or wear away, destroy; quum sain
(qnercuin) tempestas vetustasve consuinpserit,
Cic. ; in pass., consumi incendio, or flamma, to
be destroyed by fire ; quae (aedes) priore anno
incendio consumptae erant, Liv.; of life, to de-
stroy, kill; si me vis aliqua morbi aut naturaipsa
consumpsisset, Cic. ; totidem plagis hostem,
Hor. ; garrulus hunc consumet, will be the death
of him, Hor. ; fame consumi, to die of hunger,
Caes.
consumptio -onis, f. (consumo), a con-
sumption, consuming, destroying, Cic.
consumptor -oris, m. (consumo), a con-
sumer, destroyer; confector et consumptor
omnium, Cic.
consiio -sui -siitum, 3. to sew together, stitch
together, Plaut.
consurgo -surrexi -Biirrectum, 3. to rise up,
stand up. I. Lit., 1, of persons, a, lying down ;
consolatus (ad terrain projectos) consurgere
jussit, Caes. ; b, sitting ; senatus cunctus con-
surgit, Cic; esp. of an orator, to rise up to speak;
consurgit P. Scaptius de plebe et iuquit, Liv. ;
to rise up in honour of some one ; consurrexisse
omnes et senem sessum recepisse, Cic. ; c, of
persons kneeling, paulisper addubitavit an con-
surgendi jam triariis tempus esset, Liv. ; d, of
persons fighting, to raise oneself to give more force
to a blow; ad iterandum ictum, Liv.; 2, of
things without life, consurgnnt venti, Verg. ;
consurguut geminae quercus, Verg. II. Transf.,
l f of persons, to rise for any action, join in an
insurrection ; magno tumultu ad bellum, Liv. ;
2, of things, to break out; novum bollum, verg.
consHrrectio -onis, f. (consurgo), a rising
up from' a seat ; judicum, Cic.
Consus -i, m. an ancient Roman deity, whose
worshiu was said to have been introduced by
Romulus ; hence, Consualia -mm, n. games
in honour of Consus, on the 21st of August and
15th of December.
consiisurro, 1. to whisper together, Ter.
contabefacio, 3. to consume, cause to waste
away, Plant
contabesco -tiibui, 3. to waste away, wear
away gradually; Artemisia luctu confecta con-
tabuit, Cic.
contabulatlo -onis, f. (oonUibulo), a cover- .
ing with boards, planking, floor, Caes.
oontabulo, 1. to cover witit, boards, to plank ; ■
turrem, Caes.
oontabundus = cunctabundus (q.v.).
oontactus -us, ni. (contingo), 1, a contact,
touching, touch; sanguinis, Ov. ; 2, a touching
of scmiething unclean, contagion ; contactus
aegrorum vulgabat morbos, Liv. ; transf., oculos '
a contactu dominationis inviolatos, Tac.
contages -is, f. (contingo), a touch, touching, .
Lucr.
contagio -onis, f. (contingo), a touching, con? .
nexion ; 1, gen., quum est somuo sevocatus •
animus a societate et contagione corporis, Cic.;
2, a touching of something unclean, contagion,
infection; a, physical, contagio pestifera, Liv.; .
b, moral, bad companionship, evil example ; turpi-
tudinis, Cic. ; furoris, Liv.
contagium -ii, n. (contingo), 1, touch, Lucr.;
2, infection, contagion ; a, physical, mala vicini
pecoriscontagja, Verg.; b, moral, contagialucri,
Hor.
oontaminatus -a -um, p. adj. with supcrl.
(containing), unclean, contaminated, Oic.
contamino, 1. (com and TAG -o, tango).
to render unolean by contact or mixture, con'
taminate; sanguinem, Liv.; se scelere, Cic. I
veritatem aliquo mendacio, Cic.
contatio, contatus, etc.= cunctatio, cunc-
tatus, etc. (q.v.).
conteclmor, 1. dep. to devise a trick, Plant.
contego -texi -tectum, 3. to cover. A. Lit.,
a. locum liuteis, Liv. ; eos uno tumulo, to bury,
Liv. ; b, to conceal ; corporis partes, quae aa-
pectum sint deformem habitume, contegere
atque abdore, Cic. B. Transf., to conceal ;■
libidines fronte ot supercilio, non pudore eb
temperantiii, Cic.
contemero, l. to pollute, defile, Ov.
conterano -tempsi -temptnm, 3. to think .
meanly of, despise, contemn. I. Gen., casus
lmmanos, Cic. ; Roiuam prae sua Capua irridere •
atque contemnere, Cic. ; with intin., contemnere
coronari, Hor. ; with ace. and infin., ut ipsum .
Vinci contemnerent, Cic. IL Esp., to ridicule, '
make little of; Adherbalis dicta, Sail. ; se non
contemnere, to have a high opinion of oneself, Cie. •
contemplatio -onis, f. (contemplor), at-
tentive or eager looking at, contemplation. A. '
Lit., caeli, Cic. B. Transf., naturae, Cic
contemplator -oris, m. (contemplor), one
who attentively looks at or contemplates ; caeli, Cic.
conteniplatus, abl. -u, ra. (contemplor), a
looking at, contemplation, Ov.
contemplor (contemplo), 1. dep. (com and '
tcmplum), to look at attentively or minutely, re-
gard, contemplate. A. Lit, coelum suspicere '
coelestiaque conteniplari,'Crc. ; situm Carthag-
inis, Liv. B. Transf., to consider carefully;
ut totam causam quam maxime intentis oculis,
ut aiunt, acerrime contcmplemini, Cic.
contemptim, adv. with compar. (contempt- '
us), contemptuously ; de Romanis loqui, Cic
contemptio -onis, f. (contemno), contempt, .
scorn, disdain; pecuniae, Cic
contemptor -Oris, in. (contemno), one who
contemns or despises; divitiarum, Liv.; divum,
Verg. ; attrib., nemo tain contemptor famae est,
Liv. ; contemptor lucis animus, Verg.';. cou-
temptor animus, Sail.
CGll
13*
UOi».
1. contemptus -a -uni, p. adj. with oompar.
aild supei'l. (contemiio), despised, despicable, con-
temptible ; a, of things, vita contempta ac
sordida, Cic ; b, of persons, homo contemptus
et abjectua, Cic.
2. contemptus -us, in. (comteinno), a mtdn
opinion, contempt, disdain ; a, pass., hominibus
Oallis prae magnitudine corporum suoruin brev-
it-as nostra contemptui est, Caes. ; b, act., con-
temptus inorieudi, Tac.
oontendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. Lit., to
Ktrttch forcibly ; arcum,Verg. ; ballistas lapiilnm
et reliqua tormentatelorum contendere atque ad-
ducere, Cic. ; and lience of missiles, to shoot, cast ;
tela, Verg. II. Transf., A. to strive with all
one's bodily or mental power, to strain, exert one-
self; 1. of the bodily powers, a, gen-, (a)transit.,
surumns vires, Lucr.; (j3) intransit., eniti et con-
tendere debet nt vincat, Cic. ; luga salutem
petere contendunt, Caes. ; b, to hasten on a
■journey, try to reach; Bibracte ire conteudit,
Caes. ; fig., si potuissemus, quo contendimus
pervenire, Cic. ; 2, of the mental powers, a, to
exert oneself; (a) transit, contenditomnes nervos
Chrysippus ut, etc., Cic. ; (ft) intransit., maximis
laboribus et periculis ad siinimam laudem
gloriamque, Cic. ; ob earn causam contendi, ut
pl'ira dicerem, Cic. ; b, to strive to obtain some-
thing, strive for ; non erat causa, cur hoc tem-
pore aliquid a to contendercm, Cic. ; ab aliquo
valde de reditu in gratiam, Cic. ; vehementer
contendere ab aliquo ut, etc., Cic. ; c, to assert
■with confidence, maintain; contendentes num-
quam earn urbein fuisse exTriphylia, Liv. B. to
strive, with some one else; 1, a, cum victore, Caes. ;
contra Paridem, Verg.; pro vitulis contra leon'es,
Cic. ; inter se de principatu, Caes. ; cum Libone
de mittendis legatis, Caes. ; b, at an auction,
to bid against, Cic; 2, to compare, contrast;
ipsas causas, quae inter se conlligunt, Cic.
1. contente, adv., with compar. and superl.
(1. eontentus), eagerly, earnestly; contente pro
se dicere, Cic.
2. contente, adv. (2. eontentus), strictly,
sparingly, Plaut.
contentio -onis, f. (contendo), the full exer-
cise of the powers, effort, striving. I, Gen., vocis,
the raising or straining of the voice, Cic. ; aninii,
Cic. II. 1, combat, contest, contention, strife;
magna contentio belli, Cic. ; adversus procur-
ators contentio dicendi, Cic. ; in contentionem
honoris incidere, rivalry in seeking d public
office, Cic. ; contentiones habere cum aliquo,
Caes.; 2, a, a contrast, comparison; hominnm
ipsorum or fortnnarum contentionem facere,
Cic; b, rhet. t, t., antithesis, juxtaposition of op-
poseil ideas, Quint.
con tent loans -a -um (contentio), pertain-
ing t" a contest, contentions, quarrelsome, I'lin.
1. eontentus -a -um, p. adj. (contendo),
stretched, tense. A. Lit., funis, Hnr. B. Transf.,
a, onora cnntentls corporibus facilius foruntur,
remissis opprimunt, Cic; b, eager, zealous;
ad tribunatum contento studio cursuque veni-
amus, Cic
2. eontentus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(contineo), contented, satisfied; with abl., suis
rebus, Cic ; ea victoria, Cic. ; eontentus quod,
etc., Cic ; with infln, Ov.
conterminus -a -um, having the same
boundary, conterminous, near ; contermina stab-
ula ripae, Ov. Subst, contormmuui -1, n.
an adjoining region, a confine, Tac.
contero -trlvi -tritum, 3. I. In narrow
sense, to rub away, reduce to small portions by
rubbing, to grind, pound ; cornua cervi, Ov. If.
In wider sense, 1, to destroy, wear away; cius
ouinesinjuriasvoluntaiiaquftdaiholiliviolie, Cic;)
reliqua eoiiterere et contemiiere, trample under
foot, Cic; ferrum, to wear away by itsing, Ov. j
se in musicis, gebmetriil, astris, Cic. ; 2, of time,
to consume, spend; omne otiosum teinpus 111
studils, Cic; boiium otiuni socoidia atque des-
idla, Ball.
conterreo -terrtii -territuiH, 2. to terrify,
frighten c rccedingly ; conterrere loquacitatem uli-
cuius vultu ipso aspectuque, Cic; his mmtiis
senatus conterritus, Liv.
contestatio -onis, f. (cont.estor), an earnest
supplication, eager request, Cic.
contestor, 1. dep. 1, to call to witness ; deos
hominesque, Cic. ; 2, a, litem, tosrianaction on
foot, inaugurate an action by calling witnesses, Cic;
b, transf., virtus contestata, approved, Cic.
contexo -texui -tectum, 3. I. Lit., to iceave
together, twine together, connect, unite ; lilia amar-
anthis, Tib.; ovium villis contextis homines
vestiuntur, Cic II. Transf., 1, to connect,
unite; extrema cum prirais, Cic; 2, to con-
tinue ; carmen longius, Cic; 3, to build, con-
struct, put together; sic deincepsomne opus con-
texitur, Caes.; equum trabibus acernis, Verg.;
4, to devise, invent ; crimen, Cic.
contexte, adv. (contextus), in close con-
nexion, Cic.
1. contextus -a -um, p. adj. (from contexo),
interwoven, connected, united; a, contexts con-
densaque corpora, Lucr. ; b, perpetuae et con-
textae voluptates, an unbroken series of pleasures,
Cic. ; c, context* historia eorum temporum,
continuous, Nep.
2. contextus -us, m. (contexo), uniting,
connexion; a, contexlum corporum dissolvere,
Lucr. ; b, of abstractions, mirabilis contextus
remm, Cic. ; c, of oratory, totns quasi contextus
orationis, Cic.
conticesco -ticfti, 3. (inchoat. of conticeo),
to become silent, to be dumb, silent. I. Lit., a, of
persons, conscientia convictus repente contieuit,
Cic; b, of personifications, uequ« ulla aetas de
tuis laudibus conticescet, Cic. II. Transf., to
become still or quiet, to abate, cease; illae scilicet
litterae conticuerunt forenses et senatoriae, Cic.
contlgnatlo -onis, F.^eontigno), woodwork,
a flooring, joists, storey, Caes.
contigno, 1. (coin and tignum), to put planks
together, to floor, Cic.
contiguus -a -um (contingo). I. Act., that
which touches another, contiguous, near; domus,
Ov. ; pars circi quae Aventino contigua, Tac. ;
Cappadoces, Tac. II. Pass, with dat., within
reach of; contiguus missae hastae, Verg.
continens -cutis, p. adj. with compar. (con-
tineo). I. 1, lying near, adjacent, bordering
upon; pracdiacontinentia huio fundo, Cic; con-
tinentibus diebllS, in the days immediately follow-
ing, Caes.; 2, a, hanging together, uulrroken ; ag-
men, Liv. ; terra continens, the mainland, Cic ;
subst., continens -entis, f. a continent, Caes.;
b, of time, continuous, unbroken ; e continenti
genere, in unbroken genecdogical succession, Cic. ;
totius diei continens labor, Caes.; continenti cur-
su, Liv. II. temperate, continent; puer, Cic ; ne
continentior in vita hominnm, quain in pecunia
fuisse videatur, Caes. III. Rhet. t. t.„ subst.,
continens -entis, f. the main point ; causae, Cic.
continental*, adv. (continens) 1. a. of
space, in close succession ; sedetis, Cat. ; b, of
time, continuously, without cessation; tota nocte
ierunt, Caes.; 2, continently, temperately; viv-
ere, Cic.
continentia -ae, f. (contineo), continence,
self-restraint, moderation, temperance ; continentia
iu oiuni victu cultuque corporis, Cic
con
133
con
contmeo -tlnui -tcntum, 2. (com ard teneo).
I. to keep togetlier; 1 a, to bi,ul together, hold
fast; quum agger altiore aqua contineri non
posset, Caes. ; transf., nee enim ulla res velie-
menttus rempublicam coutinet quam tides, Cic. ;
p, to keep together, unseparatul ; legtoncs uno
hi loco, Caes. ; c, to connect, join; quod oppid-
nm Genabum pons fluminis Ligeris continebat,
Caes.; 2, a, to keep in, surround, contain, limit';
mundus qui omnia complexu suo coercet et cou-
tinet, Cic; to confine; beluas imniaiies saeptis,
Cic; milit. t. t., to shut in; rompejum quam
augustissime, Caes. ; b, to contain, comprehend,
comprise; tales res quales hie liber continet,
Cic. ; de summo bono quod continet philoso-
pliiam, which is the main point in philosophy,
Cic. ; status reipublicae maxiine judieatis rebus
cwntinetur, is involved in, depends upon, Cic.
II. to keep, maintain; 1, a, to keep firm; naves
minus commode copulis continebantur ; b, to
keep what has been taken or received ; alvus arcet
et continet quod recipit, Cic. ; 2, a, to keep in a
place or occupation ; milites sub pellibus, Caes.;
se suo loco, Caes.; se in suis perennibus studiis,
tie. ; Belgas in officio, to maintain in allegiance,
Caes. ; b, to keep back, be silent about ; petimus ab
Antonio, ut ea quae continet neque adhuc pro-
tulit expheet nobis, Cic. ; 3, to restrain, confine,
keep back; a, lit., risum, Cic; gradum, to check,
»eig. ; b, transf., to keep some one Jrom some
thing; suos a proelio, Caes.; contineo me ab
exeniphs, Cic; to keep obedient, hold in check;
etusus non tain armis, quam judiciorum ten-ore,
Liv.; c, morally, to restrain, curb, repress;
unities cupiditates, Cic. ; non posse milites con-
linen quin, etc., Caes.
1. contingo (continguo), 3. to wet, moisten,
Lucr. '
T % c °n*ingo -ligi -tactum, 3. (com and tango).
I. transit., to touch. A. Lit., a, terrain osculo,
Liv.; paene terrain. (of the moon), Cic; b to
grasp ; dextram, Li v. ; c, poet., to touch, taste ; cib-
os ore, Ov.; d.to spriulde ; ora uati sacro medic-
amine, Ov.; efro reach to, touch ; nullas profecto
terras caelum contingere, Liv.; esp. geograph.
1. 1., to border on, touch; quorum agri non contin"-
unt mare, Cic. ; f, to reach; (a) au aim with°a
missile, ex tanta altitudine contingere hostem
non posse, Liv. ; (0) an object desired, optatam
cursu metam, Hor. ; Italiam, Verg. ; (y) of the
voice, to reach the car of; nee contigit ullu.ni vox
ttiea mortalem, Ov. B. Transf., a, to be related
to; altquem sanguine ac genere, Liv.; to concern,
affect; Homanos nihil (consultatio) continoit.
nisi quatenus, eta., Liv.; b, to pollute, defile;
milites contact! sacrilegio, Liv. II. Intransit.
to happen, to be/all; with dat., nrihi omnia, quae
opto, contingaut, Cic; with inlin., celeriter
anteeellere omnibus ingenii gloria contigit, Cic ;
with ut and the subj., quouiam autem, tecum
ut esseiii, non contigit, Cic.
continiiatio -onis, f. (continuo). I. Act
an iinbroken coiitinuance, continuing; tribunal
us Lit. II. Pass., A. connexion, continuation,-
unbroken succession; causarum, Cic; rhet. t. t
a period ; minis longa continuatio verbonim, Cic'
p. an unbroken succession, continuance in time ■
inibriuni, Caes. '
continiiltas -atis, f. (continuus), continu-
ity, unbroken succession, Varr.
1. continuo, adv. (continuus), 1, immedi-
ately, at once, Cic; 2, in conjunction with a
negative, not immediately = not necessarily • in
a question = perhaps then? non continuo si me
in gregem sicanoi urn contuli, sum sicuius, Cic
2. continuo, 1. (continuus). I. Of space, to
hrmn into connexion, oonnect, unite; aer mari
foiitimiatus est, Cjc ; Snionimis Sjtonuni gentes
continuantur, are adjacent to, Tac.? verba to
form mlo a sentence, Cic; binas aut ampliua
domos, Sail. ; aediticia uioenibus, Liv. ; agmen
latissune, to extend, Cic. II. Of time, a, to do
in rapid succession, to keep on doing; prupo con-
tinuatis funeribus, the funerals Mowing close on
one another, Liv.; b, to continue without inter-
rupUon; diem noctemque potando, continue
drinking day and night, Tac. ; iter die et nocte,
Caes. ; militiam, Liv. ; magistratum, to prolong,
ball. ; alicui consulatum, Liv.
continuus -a -urn (contineo), connected with,
hanging together, continuous, unbroken, uninter'
rupted I. Of space, a, Leucada continuant vet'
eres habuere coloni, connected with the main
land, Ov. ; transf. of persons, Nerva, continuuSt
pnncipi, standing next to, Tac. ; b, unsejxirated,
undivided; Rhenus uno alveo continuus, Tac, J
translations, Cic. II. Of time, successive, fol-
lowing on, uninterrupted ; secutaesuntcontiuuos
complures dies tempestates, Caes.; superiors
continuorum annorum decreta, Cic. ; oppugnatio,
Liv.
contio -onis, f. (contr. from conventio), 1,
an assembly of the people or of the soldiers, a public
meeting; contionem advocare, Cic; advocare
contionein populi or inilitum, Caes. ; vocare ad
contionem, Liv. ; ltabere, Cic. : dimittere, Liv. ;
dare alicui contionem (of a magistrate, who
called the meeting), Cic; prodiie in con-
tionem, Cic ; producere aliquem in contionem,
Liv. ; aliquid in contione dicere, Cic. ; in con-
tionem uscendere or escenderc, to go up to the
platjorm to speak, Liv. ; 2, ineton., the speech
made in such an assembly; contiones turbulentae
Metclli, temerariae Appii, furiosissimae Publii,
Cic. ; habere contiones in Caesarem graves,
Caes. ; funebris, a funeral oration, Cic.
contionabundus -a -urn (contionor), har-
anguing, sj^eaking in public, Liv.
contionalis -e (contio), relating to a puUio
assembly; contionalis prope clamor senatus,
Cic; ilia contionalis hirudo aerarii, that blood-
sucker and demagogue, Cic.
contionarius -a -urn (contio), relating to a
public assembly; ille contionarius populus, Cic.
contionator -oris, in. (contionor), a popular
orator, demagogue, Cic.
contionor, 1. dep. (contio), a, to form, com-
pose an assembly; nunc illi vos singuli universos
contionantes timent, Liv. ; b, to speak in public
be/ore an assembly; apud milites, Caes.; superiore
e loco, Cic; also to proclaim publicly, speak with
a loud voice; C. Cato contionatus est se coraitia
haberi non situruni, Cic
contiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of contio), 1, a
small assembly, Cic; 2, a short harangue, Cic.
contollo, 3. (obsol. for confero), gradum, (*
betake oneself, Plaut.
contdnat, impers. it thunders violently.
Plaut. "'
• contor = cunctor (q.v.).
contorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. I. to twist,'
whirl, turn violently, contort; gubernaclum,
Lucr. ; membra quocunque vult, to direct, turn,
Cic ; proram ad laevas undas, Verg. II. Lsp.
to brandish, to hurl, contorquere hastam in latus,
\ erg. ; transf., verba, to hurl forth, Cic.
contorte, adv. with compar. (contortus), tj»
nstorled order, in a constrained manner, ambiga
maty; dicere, Cic.
contortlo -onis, f. (contorqueo), a swinging,
twisting; contortioncs orationis, distorted ex-
pressions, Cic.
contortor -oris, m. (tontorqueo), one who
poTftorfa or perverts; legum, Ter.
Con
13-1
con
contortiilus -a -um (dim. of contortus),
tomewhat intricate, ohscure, Cic
contortus -a -um (p. adj. from contorqueo),
I, intricate, confused, complicated ; contortae et
dimciles res, Cic; 2, powerful, vigorous; oiatio,
Cic.
contra (from com, as extra from ex). I. Adv.,
A. Of place, opposite, over against, on the oppo-
site side; ulmtis erat contra, Ov. ; omnia con-
tra oircaque plena liostiuin erant, Liv. B. Of
actions, 1, which answer to one another, in re-
turn; (ilium hie migatur, contra migari lubet,
Plant. ; 2, which are opposed to one another, on
the other siile, on, the contrary ; alia aestimabilia,
alia contra, Cic. ; foil, by atque, or quain, siinu-
laontm Jovis contra atque antea fucrat coii-
vertere, Cic; qunm contra fecerint quaui poll-
iciti sint, Cic. ; 3, used of hostile opposition,
■against; pugnare, Lucr. : consistere, Caes. ; dic-
ere, Cic. II. Prep, with ace, 1, opposite to,
.over against; insula quae contra Bnindusinum
portum est, Caes. ; 2, against, in opposition to,
contrary to; vim atque impetum fluniinis, Caes.;
opinionem, Cic. ; contra ea, on the contrary, on
the, other hand, Caes.; 3, against, in the sense of
hostility; contra popnlum Romanum conjurasse,
.Caes. ; contra deos disputare, Cic. (Contra occa-
sionally is placed after its ace in the case of a
noun, Verg.; of a rel. pronoun, quos contra, Cic.)
ContractiO -Onis, f. (contraho), a drawing
together, contmction. A. Lit, contractio et
porrectio digitorum, Cic. ; frontis, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, abbreviation, shortness; orationis,
Cic; syllabae, Cic; 2, anxiety, depression;
•animi, Cic
contractiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of con-
tractio), dejection, sadness ; animi, Cic.
contractus -a -um, p. .i.lj. with cdnipar.
(contraho), drawn in, contracted, narrow; a,
of places, locus exiguus atque contractus, Verg.;
b, of time, shorter; his jam contractioribus
noetibus, Cic; c, of the voice, contractum genus
vocis, Cic. ; d, of oratory, dialectiea quasi con-
tract* et aatrictfl eloquentia putanda est, Cic ;
e, of circumstances, straitened ; paupertas,
Hor. ; f, retired, quiet; contractus leget, Hor.
contradico -dixi -dictum, 3. to gainsay, speak
against, contradict; sententiis alinrum, Tac;
nee contradici quin amicitia do integro reco.i-
cilietur, Liv.
contradictio -onis, f. (contradico), a speak-
. ing against, contradiction, Quint.
contraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw to-
gether, collect, unite (opp. dissipare). A. Lit.,
a, inilit. t. t., cohortes ex flnitimis regionilms,
■Caes. ; inagnam classem, Nep. ; Luceriam omnes
copias, Cic. ; oinnes or omnia ad uiuim, Cic. ; b,
to bring together for conversation, etc. ; Scipion-
cin et Hasdrubalem ad colloquium dirimeiidarum
siiniiltatum causa, Liv. B. Transf., a, to unite ;
oontrahit celcritor siniilltudo eos, Liv. ; con-
trahere amioitiain, to form friendsliip, Cic. ; b, to
complete a business arrangement ; rem, rationem"
negotlum, Cic. ; oontrabere mngnam rationem
cum Mauritaniae rege, Cic. ; c, to cause, bring
on, bring about; aes alienum, to contract debt,
Olc; bellum, Liv.; lites, Cic. ; porca contracta,
due to expiate a crime, Cic. ; onenaionem, Cic.
II. to draw together bit viay of shortening. A. Lit.,
a, fronteui, Cic ; colluin, Cic. ; pnlmones se con-
trahnnt, Cic; contractum aliquo luorbo bovis
cor, Cic. ; vela, to furl one's sails, lig., to be mod-
erate, Cic. ; b, of limbs, parts of the body,
to contract (from cold, death, etc.); contractu
frigorB pigrae, numbing, Verg. B. Transf., to
shorten, reduce-, draw in, draw together; a,
casrra, Caes. ; of the moon, orbom, Ov. ; b, of
speech, to shorten; orationcni in vrrbum coii-
trahere, Cic. ; c, of appetites, to repress ; appct-
itus omnes contraherc, Cic.; d, of courage, etc,
to lonrr, lessen ; aninmm, Cic.
contrarie, adv. (contrarius), in an opposite
direction or manner; sidera contrarie proceden-
tia, Cic. ; verba relata contrarie, Cic.
contrarius -a -um (contra). I. Of place, op-
posite, over against; collis nascebatur adversus
huic et contrarius, Caes.; vulnera, wounds in
front, Tac. II. A. coming from the opposite
direction; contrarius ictus, a blow from an
enemy, Cic. ; in contrarias partes flucre, Cic. ;
classi COlltraria llamina, contrary winds, Ov. ; in
comparison, followed by atque, qui versautur
contrario motu atque caelum, Cic. B. 1, o^>-
posed, contrary t<> ; contrariae epistolae, contra-
dictory, Cic. ; in contrarias partes disputarc or
disserere dc aliqua re, to speak for and against,
Cic. ; with genii., hums viitutis contraria est
vitiositas, Cic ; with dat., nihil malum esse,
nisi quodjrtrtuti contrarium esset, Cic. ; subst.,
contrarium -ii, n. the opposite; in contrarium
disputare, Tac. ; followed by atque or ;tc, contra-
rium deccrnebat ac paulo ante decreverat, Cic. ;
adv., ex contralto, against, on the other side; ut
ego hoc ex contrario contendo, Cic. ; plur., com-
parare contraria, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, opposed to in
a hostile manner; anna, Ov. ; b, i7ijurious;
otiuin maxime contrarium esse, Caes.
contrectabiliter.adv. (contrectabilis), with
feeling, Lucr.
contrectatio-Onis, f. (contrecto), atouching,
handling, Cic.
contrecto, 1. (contra eto), to touch, feel,
handle. I. A. Lit., vulnus, Ov. B. Transf., tot-
aque mente contrectare varias voluptatcs, con-
sider, Cic. II. to dishonour, Tac.
contremisco (contr?mesco), -trenmi, 3. a,
totrnnble violently, to quake; contremiscere tota
mente atque artubus omnibus, Cic ;b, to trem-
ble before, be afraid of; pericnlum, Hor.
contrcmo, 3. to tremble violently, quake,
Lucr.
contribuo -tribui-trflnrtuni, 3., a, to contri-
bute to in common with others ; nee lion l'eiieae nee
Spercheides undae coutribucrc aliquid, Ov. ; b,
to annex, incorporate with, unite; Calagurritaui
qui erant cum Oscensibus contributi, Cars.;
Ambracia quae turn contribuerat se Aetolis, Liv.
contristo, 1. (com and tristo), to make sad,
make sorrowful, sadden; a, pluvio frigore caelum,
make gloomy, Verg. ; b, contristat haec sententia
Balbum Cornelium, ap. Cic.
contritus -a -um, p. adj. (from contero), worn
out, well-used, common, trite; proverbium, Cic.
controvorsia -ae, f. (controvorsus), dilate,
dispute, controvert^; heredltatis, about an inherit-
ance, Cic; eontrovcrsiain habere de re oumaliquo,
Cic; coutroversia est inter aliquosde re, Cic; in
controversial versari, esse, Cic. ; rem adducere in
controversiam, deducere in controversiam, vocare
in controversiam, to make matter of debate, Cic;
sine controversial without dispute, Cic; sine cou-
troversia solvere, Cic; sine coutroversia vicimus,
wehave undoubtedly conquered , Cic; contioversia
non erat quin, there was no doubt that, etc, C)c.
controversiosus -a -um (controversia),
controverted, strongly disputed; res, Liv.
controversor, I. dep. (con tro versus), to
contend, dispute, debate; inter se de huinscemodi
rebus controversy ri, Cic.
controvorsus -a -um (contro, li';e contra,
from com —with, against), 1, piss., that which
is a subject of debate, controverted; res, Cic. ; 2,
act. disputations, fond of controversy ; gens, Cic.
C-on.U"iicido l. to cut in pieces, cut down,
con
135
con
hew down, slay ; debilitato corpore et contrucid-
ato, Cic; fig., reuipublicam, Cic.
contrudo -triisi -trusum, 3. 1, to thrust, push
together i nubes in unum, Lucr. ; 2, to thrust,
crowd into any place ; aliquos in balneas, Cic.
cent r unco, 1. to cut in pieces; cibuni, Plaut.
contubernalis -is, c. (com and taberna). I.
a, a messmate, comrade, one who shares the same
taut ; domi una eruditi, militias contubcrnales,
Cic. ; b, a young man who accomjxinied a general
to learn the art of war-; fuit in Oreta postea
contubernalis Saturnini, Cic. ; so in public
affairs, supporter; alicui contuborualein in con-
sulatu fuis.se, Cic. II. a, comrade, mate, con-
stant companion; liabuisscs non hospitem sed
contubernalein, Cic. ; b, the husband or wife of
a since, Plin.
contuberiuum -i, n. (com and taberna).
I. Concr., 1, a hut, or tent in which ten men and
an officer lodged; deponere in contubernio arma,
Caes. ; 2, the common dwelling of a male and
female slave, Tac. II. Abstr., 1, a sharing in
the same tent, comradeship; milituin, Tac; 2,
the attendance of a young man on a general to learn
the art of war ; contubernii nccessitudo, Cic. ; 3,
companionship, intimacy, Suet. ; 4, esp. the
living together of slaves as man and wife, Col. ;
and gen. concubinage, Cic.
contueor -tfiitus sum, 2. to regard on all
sides, loolcat attentively. A. Lit., aspicite ipsnin,
contuemini os, Cic. B. Transf. to consider, reflect
upon; quum (revocatio ilia) a contuendis nos
malis avocat, Cic.
contuitus, abl. -ii, m. (contueor), a behold-
ing, attentive looking at, Plin.
contumacia -ae, f. (contumax), stubbornness,
obstinacy, insolence, haughtiness; gen. in a bad
sense, insolentia, superbia, contumacia, Cic. ;
in a good sense, firmness; libera contumacia (of
Socrates), Cic.
contumaciter, adv. (contumax), obstinately,
stubbornly, insolently; scribere, Cic.
contumax -acis (com and TEM -o, teiuno),
haughty, insolent, stubborn, obstinate; quis con-
tumacior? quis iuhuinanior? quis superbior,
Cic. ; in a good sense, firm, unyielding ; contu-
max etiain adversus tormenta scrvorum fides,
Tac.
contumelia -ae, f. (com and TEM -o,
temno), insult, affront, outrage, contumely. I.
Lit. A. contumeliam jacere in aliquem, Cic. ;
lacerate aliquem contwneliis, Cic. ; onerare ali-
quem contumeliis, Cic. ; vexarc aliquem omnibus
contumeliis, Cic; contumeliae causa aliquem de-
sciibere, Cic. ; contumelia appellare aliquem per-
fugam, insultingly, Caes. ; vertere aliquid in con-
tumeliam suam, to take as an insult, Caes. B.
dishonour, Cic. II. Transf. damage, injury;
naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et
contumeliam perferendain, Caes.
contumeliose, adv., with compar. and
superl. (contumeliosus), insolently, abusively;
contumeliose dicere, laedere, Cic.
contumeliosus -a-uin, adj., with compar.
and superl. (contumelia), insulting, abusive ;
epistolae in aliquem contumeliosae, Cic. ; id
contumeliosum est plebi (followed by ace. and
ittfin.), Liv.
contumulo, 1., 1, to heap up in a mound,
Plin. ; 2, to bury, inter, Ov.
contundo -tildi -tusum, 3. I. to bruise,
crush, pound, break to pieces ; allia serpylluiuque,
Verg. II. to crush, bruise, beat. A. Lit., annul
saxis, Hor. ; pugiles caestibus oontusi, Cic. ;
contusi ac dooilitati inter saxa rupesque, Liv.
B, J, to destroy, subdue, crush, demolish; t'croc-
eni Hannibalem, Liv.; animuni, Cic; audaciam
alicuius contundere et frangere, Cic. : calumni-
am stultitiamque alicuius obterere ac contund-
ere, Cic.
oontuo, contuor, 3. = contueor (q.v.).
conturbatio -finis, f. (conturbo), disorder,
confusion, perturbation of mind ; mentis, Cic. '
conturbo, 1., 1, to disturb, throw into dis-
order, confusion; ordines Itomanorum, Sail.;
reuipublicam, Sail. ; 2, to disturb in mind, cause
anxiety ; valetudotua me valde conturbat, Cic. ;
rationes, or absol., couturbare, Cic, to briny
money matters into confusion, to ruin, make bank-
rupt ; conturbare putat sibi licere, Cic.
contus -i, m. (koi/tos), 1, a pole used for
pushing a boat along, Verg. ; 2, a long spear or
pike, Tac.
QOIIUS -i, m. (kui/os). 1, a cone, Cic. ; 2, the
apex of a helmet, Verg.
convalesco -viilui, 3. to become strong. I.
Gen. A. Lit., of things, postquam pestifer ignis
convaluit, blazed up, Ov. B. Transf.", a, to gain
strength ; quum mala per longas convaluere
moras, have become rooted, Ov. ; b, of persons
or states, to gain strength or po\rcr; Milo in dies
convalescebat, Cic. ; his ille (Caesar) rebus ita
convaluit at, etc., Cic. ; nimis vieinas prope se
convalescere opes ratt, Cic. II. Esp. A. to
recover from a disease, gain strength, get well;
non aegri oinnes convalescunt, Cic; ex morbo,
Cic. B. Transf., ut tandem sensus convaluere
mei, Ov.
convallis -is, f. a valley shut in on all sides,
Cic.
convaso, 1. (com and vasa), to pack up
baggage, Ter.
Convecto, 1. (intens. of conveho), to bring
together, collect; praedam, Verg.
convector -oris, m. (conveho), a fellow-
voyager, Cic.
conveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to bring together,
carry into one place ; frumentum ex finitimis
regionibus in urbem, Caes. ; lintribus in earn
insulam materiem, calcem, caemeiita, arma, Cic.
convello -velli, and (rarely) -vulsi (-volsi)
-vulsum (-volsum), 3. to tear, pluck, pull away,
wrench off. I. Lit., 1. repagula, Cic; gradus
Castoris, Cic. ; Hereulem ex suis sodibus con-
vellere atquc auferre, Cic. ; viridem ab humo
silvam, Verg. ; da pes avido dente, devmir, Ov. ;
2, milit. t. t., convellcrc signa, to pluck up
the standards, to decamp, Cic ' II. Transf. to
weaken, overthrow, destroy ; cuncta auxilia rei-
publicae labefactari convellique, Cic. ; si earn
opinionem ratio couvellet, Cic. ; quo judiciocon-
vulsam penitus scimus esse rempablicam, Cic.
convena -ae, c. adj. (couveuio), coming to-
gether, Plaut; in plur. subst. a concourse of
strangers, assembled mxdtitude; pastores et con-
venas congregarfi, Cic.
conveniens -cutis, p. adj. (from convenio),
1, agreeing, unanimous, concordant; bene conven-
ientes propinqui, Cic. ; 2, fit for, appwpriote,
suitable ; conveniens decretis eius, Cic. ; oratio
teinpori conveniens, Liv. ; nihil est enim tarn
naturae aptum, tain conveniens ad res vel se-
cimdas vel advorsas, Cic.
convenienter, adv. (conveniens), agreeably
with, suitably to; convenienter cum nature viv-
ere, Cic. ; constanter conveuienterque sibi dic-
ere, Cic.
convcnientia -ae, f. (conveniens), agree-
ment, harmony, conformity with; quacdam con-
vcnientia et conjunctio naturae, Cic.
convenio -yen! -ventum, 4. I. Gen. A.
Illtransjt,, 1, to come together, collect; ex pr»-
con
136
con
vinoia, Caes. ; ad hoc judicium, Cic; celeriter
ad claiiiorem hominum circiter millia sex con-
vencrant, Cats. ; uuo tempore undique comiti-
orum ludoiiim censendique causa, Cic; 2,
civitates quae in id forum conveniunt, who bt-
long to that district, Cic. ; 3, legal 1. 1. couvenire
in manum (of the wife, to come into the power of
hsr husband by marriage), Cic. B, Transit.,
to visit, meet, call upon; quotidieplurimos, Cic. ;
convento Cn. Octavio Demetriade, Cic. ; trib-
uni plebis non desistebant clam inter se cou-
venire, Cic. II. to Jit. A. 1, Lit., si cothurni
laus ilia esset ad pedem apte couvenire, Cic. ;
2, Transf., to agree with, be congenial to, har-
monise, befitting; haec tua deliberatio uoncon-
venit cum oratione Largi, Cic; non in omnes
omnia couvenire, Cic. ; with infin. or ace. and
infin., illicone ad praetorem ire convenit? Cic. ;
impers., minime miror caelum et. terram, si tibi
ita conveniat, dimittere, Cic. B. to unite ; 1,
lit., Lucr. ; 2, transf., a, res convenit, or im-
pers., convonit, a thing is agreed upon ; id
signum quod convenerat, which had been agreed
upon, Caes. ; pax convenit, Liv. ; convenit (it is
asserted) jam inde per consults reliqua belli
perfecta (esse), Liv. ; milii cum Deiotaro con-
venit, ut ille in mcis castris esset cum suis
copiis, Cic. ; impers., quum de fac'o conveniret,
Cic. ; b, bene (optimc) convenit (alicui) cum
aliquo, to be on gow.l terms with; sororis vir,
quicum uptime couvenisset, Cic.
conventlclum -ii, n. (convenio), sc. aes =
to eKxATjo-taoTiKof, the money received by Greek
citiz»ns for attendance in the popular assembly,
Cic.
conventicillum -i, n. (dim. of conventus),
a, a, coming together, assembly, association; con-
venticula hominum, quae postea civitates noin-
im<ae sunt, Cic. ; b, a, place of muting, Tac.
conven tlo -onis, f. (convenio), 1, an assem-
bly, Varr. ; 2, mi agreement, compact, Liv.
oonventum -i, n. (convenio), a covenant,
agreement, compact; pactum, couventuin, stip-
ulati", Cic.
conventus -us, in. (couvenio). I, Ut., A. a
coming together, an assembly ; a, virurum mulicr-
umque ecleberrimus, Cic; b,an illegal assembly ;
in nocturno conventu fuisse apud M, Laecam,
Cic; c, a congress of states; omnium sociarum
civitatum, Liv.; d, the assembly of the inhabitants
of a provincehelii by the praetor ; conventuni agcre,
to hold the assizes, Cie. ; hence the district of the
province for which such an assembly was held ;
nomo omnium ex illo conventu quadruplatorum
deterriiuus, Cic; e, the union of Roman citizens
in a province. formUig a corporation ; conventus
Syracusanus, Cic. B. Of atoms, union, Lucr.;
II, Transf., agreement, Cic.
converbero, 1. to beat violently, Plin.
converro (-vorro) -verri (-vorri) -versum
(-vorsum), 3. to sweep together, brush out, Plant.;
transf., hcrcditates omuiuin, scrape together, Cic.
conversatfo -oniB, f. (conversor). I. fre-
ivent use, a frequent sojourn in a place, Plin.
I. intercourse, conversation, Tac.
converslo -Suis, f. (couverto). A. Lit., a
turning round; coeli, Cic; menslum annor-
Ulliniie conversiones, periodical return, Cic.
B. in rhefc., 1, the rounding off of a period ; ut
(nratio) conversiones habeat absolutas, Cic; 2,
the repetition of the same word at the end of a
clause, Cic. ; 3, change. ; naturalcs esse quasdam
eonversiones rerum publicarutn, Cic.
converso (intens. of converto), 1. to turn
round frequently; animus se ipse conversans,
Cic.
(jonvertp (-vorto) .verti (-vorti) -versum
(-vorsum), 3. to turn round, whirl round. I.
Lit., A. to turn round to the other side; 1,
palam anuli ad palmam, Cic. ; naves in emu
partem, quo ventus fert, Caes. ; esp. milit. t. t.,
signa COllvertere, to wheel round, Caes. ; terga or
se convertere, to flee, Caes. ; 2, a, in motion, to
turn round, change one's direction; vox bourn
Herculem convertit, makes Herarfes turn round,
Liv.; iter convertere, Caes.; reflex., se admontes,
Caes., or without se, cum paucis ad equites,
Sail. ; b, convertere pecuniam publicam domum
suam, to embezzle, Cic; 3, gcograph. t. t., to
face, be directed towards, lie to>rards ; spelunea
conversa ad aquilonem, Cic. B. to turn round
in a circle, to revolve ; quae (terra) circum axcm
se summa celerit-alc convertit et torqnet, Cic ;
II. Transf., 1, to direct towards; convertere in
se nnum omnium vires, Liv. ; in ceteros ordines
easdem vitae conditiones, Cic. ; 2, to direct one's
attention or looks towards; video in me omnium
vestrum ora atque oculos esse conversos, Cic. ;
3, to direct one's inclination, mind, etc, towards;
onine studium curamque ad banc scribendj
operam, Cic; reflex., se ad otium pacemque, Cic;
se in or ad aliqueill, to attach oneself to, Cic;
4, to devote to some object ; rationeni in fraudem
malitiainque, Cic. ; 5, to convert, pervert ; al-
termn (auxilium) ad perniciem meani erat a
vobis consnlibus eonversum, Cic. ; 6, a, to
change, alter ; uiirum in modum convei'sae sunt
omnium meutes, Caes.; cavenduin ne in graves
inimicitias convertautse amieitiae, Cic; Hecub-
am in canem esse conversant, Cic. ; b, librum e
Graeco in Latinum, to translate, Cic.
convestio, 4. to clothe. A. Lit., Enn. B.
Transf., to cover, surround; domus duobus lucis
convestita,'Cic.
convexitas -iitis, f. (convexus), convexity;
luundi, Plin.
convexus -a -um (convehor), 1, vaulted,
arched, convex ; orbis lunae, Cic. Subst., con-
voxum -i, n., and commonly in plur., con-
Vexa -oiuni, n. an arch ; convexa coeli, Verg ;
2, sloping, steep; iter, Ov.
conviciator -oris, in. (convicior), a roller,
slanderer, reviler, Cic.
convicior, 1. dep. (convicium), to rail at,
revile, reproach, Liv.
convicium -ii, n. (= convocium, from com
and vox), 1, re loud cry, shout, clamour; mul-
ieruru, Cic; 2, violent reproach, reviling, insult;
clamoro et couviciia et sibilis consectari, Cic. ;
alicui convicium facere, Cic; non modo acclani-
atione sed convicio et maledictis impediri, Cic;
verberavi te cogitationis tacito dumtaxat con-
vicio, Cic. ; meton., nemorum convicia, picae,
mocking-birds, Ov.
convictio -onis, f. (convivo), social inter-
course, familiarity, Cic.
convictor -oris, m. (convivo), one who lives
with another, constant associate, ap. Cic.
convictus -iis, m. (convivo), 1, re living to-
gether, constant intercourse ; conventus hominum
ac societas, Cic; 2, entertainment, feast, Tac.
convinco -vlci -victum, 3. 1, to convict of a
crimen- mistake; aliquem summae negligent ia',
Cic. ; multis avaritiae criminibus, Cic. ; con-
victus in hoc scclere, Cic; with infill., or ace
and infin., Liv., Sail.; 2, to prove conclusively,
demonstrate; errores Epicuri, Cic; inauditmi-
(acinus ipsius qui commisit voce convinci, Cic
with ace. and inlin., Stoicos nihil de diis explic-
arc couvincit, Cic.
COnviSO, 3. to behold attentively, examine ;
omnia loca oculis, Lucr. ; poet, (of the sun,
etc), to heam upon, Lucr.
convjt'Jator, v. conviciator,
eon
137
coq
oonvitior, v. convicior.
convitium, v. convicium.
conviva -ae, c. (com and vivo), a guest ;
hilaius et bene aceeptus, Cic.
convivalis -e (convivium), relating to a feast
or banquet, Liv.
oonvivator -oris, m. (convivor), one who
gives a feast, a host, Hor., Liv.
Convivium -li, n. (com and vivo). A. a
feast, entertainment, banquet ; accipere alique m
convivio, Cic. ; adliibere aliquem convivio or
in convivium, Cic. ; convivium apparare opi-
pare, Cic; dimittere convivium, Liv.; discedere
de convivio, Cic. ; inire convivium publicum,
Cic. ; interesse in convivio, Cic. ; producere con-
vivium vario sermone ad multain noctem, Cic. ;
venire in convivium, Cic. B. Meton., the com-
pany assembled, guests ; vinosa convivia, Ov.
convivor, 1. dep. (conviva), to eat and drink
in company, feast, revel ; non solum in publico,
sed etiam de publico, Cic.
convocatio -onis, f. (convoco), a calling
together; populi Romaui ad rempublicam de-
fendendani, Cic.
convoco, 1. to call together, assemble, convoke;
dissipatos homines, Cic; principes ad se, Caes. ;
ad concionein, Liv.
convolnero, v. convulnero.
convolo, 1. to fly together, run together, come
together hastily; cuncta ex Italia ad aliquem
revocandum, Cic.
convolsus, v. convulsus.
convolvo -volvi -vSlutum, 3. 1, torollround;
sol se convolvers, Cic. ; in lucem lubrica terga,
Verg. ; 2, to cover ; testudo convoluta omnibui
rebus, quibus ignis jactus et lapides defendi
possent, Caes.
copvomo, 1. to vomit all over, Cic.
convulnero, 1. to wound severely, Plin.
convulsus -a -urn, partic. of convello.
coolesco = coalesco (q.v.).
cooperio -perui -pertum, 4. (com and operio),
to cover entirely, envelop; aliquem lapidibus, to
stone to death', Cic. ; Decii corpus coopertum
telis, Liv. ; transf., partic, coopertns, over-
whelmed ; flagitiis atque facinoribus, Sail.
cooptatio -onis, f. (coopto), choice, election,
co-optation; collegioruin, Cic; censoria, filling
up of the senate by tlie censors, Cic
coopto (com and opto), 1. te choose, elect,
esp. to a public office or dignity, to coopt ;
senatores, Cic. ; tres sibi collegas, Liv. ; aliquem
in paternum auguratus locum, Cic; aliquem
magistiuni equitum, Liv.
codrior -ortus sum, 4. to arise, come forth at
once, appear. I. a, of storms, etc., to break o%d;
turn subito tempestates sunt coortae maximae,
Lucr. ; b, of fires, quod pluribus simul locis
ignes coorti esseut, Liv. ; c, of disease, pesti-
lentia coorta, minacior quam periculosior, Liv. ;
d, of political events, of war, sedition, etc., to
break out; seditio turn inter Antiates Latinosque
coorta, Liv. ; e, of laughing or weeping, risus,
Nep. ; libero conquestu coortae voces sunt, Liv.
II. to rise for insurrection or fight ; sed adeo in-
fensa erat coorta plebs ut, etc, Liv. ; Volscos
suinma vi ad bellum coortos, Liv.
coortus -us, in. (coorior), an arising^ break-
ing forth, Lucr.
Coos (Cous) -i, f., and Cos -o, f. (Kdu? and
Kus), a small island in the Aegean Sea, off the
coast of Caria. Adj., Cous-a-um, Coan ; poeta,
Philetas, Ov. ; artifex, Apelles, whose picture of
Venus Anadyomene was at Coos, Ov. ; Venus, the
5»
Venus Anadyomene of A pedes, Cic. Subst.,
Cdum -i, n. Coa» wine; Col -orum, m. the in-
habitants of Coos; C6a -oruin, n. Coan garments.
copa -ae, f. the hostess of a wine-shop, Verg.
Copals -idis, f. (KwTrai's), palus, a lake in
Boeotia.
oophinus -i, m. (ko^os), a large basket or
hamper, Juv.
copia -ae, f. (coopia, from coin and ops),
plenty, abundance. I. Lit., 1, a, of things, agri,
vectigalium, pecuniae, Cic. ; fruinenti, Caes. ;
copia cum egestate confligit, Cic ; in plur.,
omnium rerum aflluentes copiae, Cic. ; milit. 1. 1.,
supplies, provisions; copias Dyrrhachii coni-
parare, Caes. ; b, of persons, viroruin fortiuin
atque innocentium tanta copia, Cic. ; esp. milit.
t. t., troops, forces; (a) sing., omnia arinatoium
copia, Cic; augebatur lilts copia, Cats.; (fi) plur.,
copiae poditum e(|uituinque, Liv. ; terrestres
uavalesque, Liv. ; copias inagnas cogere, Caes. ;
coniparare, Cic. ; contrahere, Cic. ; dimittere,
Caes. ; educere castris, e castris, Caes. ; 2, of
abstractions, copia dicendi or orationis, fulness
of expression, Cic II. Transf., ability, power,
opportunity ; est alicui copia sonini, Liv.; dimic-
andi cum hoste, Liv. ; ab hoste copia pugnandi
tit, Sail. ; facerc alicui consilii sui copiam, to be
accessible to a person asking one's advice, Cic;
habere copiam alicuius, to have some one in one's
power, Sail.
copiose, adv. (copiosus), 1, abundantly,
plentifully ; large et copiose coniparare pastum,
Cic. ; senatorum urna copiose absolvit, with a
large majority, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, copiously ;
dicere, Cic.
copiosus -a -urn (copia), 1, richly provided,
wealthy; urbs Celebris et copiosa, Cic. ; copiosus
a frumento locus, rich in, Cic. ; opulenti homin-
es et copiosi, Cic; 2, copioiis of speech, eloquent;
homo copiosns ad dicendum, Cic. ; oratio inulta
et varia et copiosa, Cic. ;■ lingua copiosa, Cic.
copis -e = copiosus (q.v.).
copo, copona = caupo, caupona (q.v.).
coprea (copria)-ae, m. (icon-pia?), a lowbuffoon,
Suet,
copta -ae,f. (koh-tti), a hard cake or 2riscui7,Mart.
Coptos -i, f. (Kojtto«), a town of Upper Egypt,
now Coft or Keft.
copula -ae, f. (com and • apio). A. a rope,
band, tie; dura copula caneni tenet, a leash, Ov. ;
plur., copulae, fastenings, grapnels, Caes. B.
Transf., a bond, connexion; quos irrupta tenet
copula, Hor.
copulatio -onis, f. (copula), a union, con-
nexion ; atomorum inter se, Cic.
copiilatUB -a -urn, p. adj. (from copulo), con-
nected, united, coup>led ; quaedani sunt in rebus
simplicia, quaedam copulata, Cic; transf., nihil
est amabilius neque copulatius quam inonim
atmilitudo, tending to unite, Cic.
copulo, 1. (copula), to join together, connect,
unite. A. Lit., altera ratis huic copulata est,
Liv. B. Transf., copulati in jus pervenimus,
Cic. ; copulare honestateni cum voluptate, Cic. ;
an haec inter se jungi copularique possint, Cic.;
equester ordo qui turn cum senatu copulatus
fuit, were in hainnony with, Cic.
coq.ua -ae, f. (coquus), a female cook, Plaut.
coqulno, 1. (coquo), to cook, Plaut.
coquo, coxi, coctum, 3. to cook, prepare fond.
1. Lit., 1, is qui ilia coxerat, Cic. ; cibaria, Liv.;
2, to bake, bum ; coquit glebas aestas niatntinis
solibus, Verg. ; 3, to ripen ; poma matura et
cocta, Cic. ; 4, to warm; calore et spiritu omnia
cocta et confecta, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to think
coq
13S
cor
of, meditate, contrive; consilia secreto ab aliis,
Liv.; 2, to disturb; femineae ardentem curaeque
iracque coquebant, Verg.
coquus (cocus) -i, m. (coquo), a cook, Cic
cor, cordis, n. (root COHD, Gr. KapS -la). I.
A. Lit., the heart; cor palpitat, Cic. ; tig., a, the
heart as the scat of the feelings, the soul, feeling;
exsultantia corda, Verg. ; conli est aliquis or
aliquid, is dear to; quuin audirem' earn (spon-
sani) tibi conli esse, Liv. ; idque eo mihi magis
est cordi quoil, etc., Cic. ; with ace. and infin.,
Liv.;b, tlie heart as the sent of thought, the mind,
fxdyittent ; qui propter haesitantiam linguae
stuporemque cordis cognomen ex contumelia-
traxerit, Cic. B. Metou. <apersbn; lectijuvejies,
fortissima corda, Verg. II. Transf., the stomach,
Hor., Lucr.
Cora -ae, f. (Kdpa), an old town in T.atium,
now Coie or Cori. Adj., Coranus -a -um.
corallium -ii, n. OcopaAAtoi-), red coral, Lucr.
coram (com and os, oris). T. Adv., 1,. in
presence of, in face of, before; cominodius fecis-
sent, si quae apud vos de me deferunt, ea coram
potins me praesente dixissent, Cic. ; 2, per-
sonally, in one's ou-n person, oneself; intucri
aliquid, to behold with one's own, eyes, Cic; agcre,
to transact personally, i.e., not by letters, Cic;
qmiiii coram suinus, personally present, Cic.
II. Prep, with abl., tit presence of; genero men,
Cic. ; populo, Hor.
Corbio -onis, f. 1, a town of tlie Aegui;
2, a town in Jlispania Tarruconensis.
corbis -is, m. and f. a wicker basket ; mes-
soria, Cic.
corblta -ae, f. a slow-sailing merchant vessel,
Cic.
oorbula -ae, f. (dim. of covbis), a little basket,
riant.
corciilum i, n. (dim. of cor), a little heart,
used as a term of endearment, Plant.
Corcyra -ae, f. (Kdp»cvpa), Corcyra, an island
in the Ionian Sea, identified with the Homeric
Selieria, tlio home of Alcinous, now Corfu;
hence adj., Corcyraeus -a -um, Cofcyraean;
horti, the gardens of Alcinous, Mart.
cordate, adv. (cordatus), wisely, prudently,
Plant.
cordatus -a -uin (cor), prudent, sagacious,
wise, Sen.
cordax -dacis (<cdp6a£), a licentious dance,
Petr.; transf. of the trochaic rhythm, Cic.
cordollum -Ii, n. (cor and doleo), heartache,
Plant.
Corduba -ae, f. a town in Hispania Boetica,
now Cordova. Adj., Cordubensis -e.
cordyla -.ie, f. (/copWATj), the fry of the tunny
fish, Mart.
Corflnlum -Ii, n. a town of the Peligni in
Samnium, Adj., Corfiniensis -e, Corfinian.
Corinna -ae, f. (Kdpin-a), 1, a Greek poetess of
Tanagra, contemporary with l'indar ; 2, the
feigned name ofOrid's mistress.
Corinthus -i, f. (Kdpu.0o«), Corinth, a city of
Greece on the Tsthmus of Corinth. Hence, A.
Adj., CdrintblUS -a -mil, Corinthian; aes, a
mixed metal of gold, silver, and copper, greatly
priznl by I lie ancients, Cic; vasa, Rupellex, make
of Corinthian brass, Cic; and absol., Corin-
thla'-oruin, n. (sc. vasa), Cic B. Corinth-
lariua -Ii, m. an artificer in Corinthian hrcs,
a nickname of Augustus, Suet. C. Corinth-
iacUB -a -um, Corinthian. D. Corinthi-
eaais -e, Corinthian.
CorioH -oruin, in. a town of the Volsd in
| J.utium. Adj., CoriSlanus -a -um, belonging
to Corioli ; Corlolanus, Cu. Martins, the captnri r
ofCorioli; Coriolani -oriun, m. the inhabitants
of Corioli.
corlum (corius) -Ii, n. (xoptov), 1, hide, skin,
leather; aniinantium aliae coriis tcctae sunt,
Cic; petere corium, to thrash, Cic; prov., canis
a corio nunquam absterrebitur uncto, ii is diffi-
cult to change a confirmed habit, Hor. ; 2, a
leathern thong, straji, lash, Plant.
Cornelius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of. which u-ere, 1, 1'. Corn.
Scipio Africanus major, the conqueror of Han-
nibal ; 2, P. Corn. Scipio Aemilianus AfVicdiius
minor, son of L. Aemilius Paulus, adopted by
P. Corn. Scipio (mo:i of Africanus major), the
destroyer of Carthago ; 3, Cornelia, the youngest
daughter of Africanus major, vile of Tib. Seni-
prouins Gracchus, the mother of the.Graochi ;
4, Cornelia, the daughter of Qu. Metellus Scipio,
wife first of P. Licin. Crassus, afterwards of Pom-
pejus. Adj., Comelianus -a -um, Cornelian.
Cornelius Nepos, v. Nepos'.
corneolus -a -um (dim. of 1. corneus), horny,
Cic.
1. corneus -a -um (cornu), 1, homy, made of
horn; rostrum, Cic; 2, a, like horn, hard;
cornea libra, Pers. ; b, hom-coloiifed, Plin.
'2. corneus -a -um (comns), relating or be-
longing to the cornel 'tree ; virgulta, Verg.
cornicen -clnis, m. (cornu and cano), o
horn-blower, Cic.
cornicor, 1. dep. (comix), to caw like a cron>,
Pers.
cornicula -ae, f. (dim. of comix), a little
crow, Hor.
cornlcularlus -Ii, ;n. (cornicnium), a soldier
who has been presented with the cornicnium, an
adjutant, Suet.
1. corniculum -i, n. (dim. of cornu), 1, a
little horn, Plin. ; 2, an ornament on the helmet
given to deserving soldiers, Liv.
2. Corniculum -i, u. a town in latium.
Adj., Corniculanus -a -um, Cornicntlan.
cornlger -gfira -gerum (cornu and gero),
homed, Cic. Subst., cornigera -orum, n.
horned cattle, Plin.
cornipes -pedis (cornu and pes), horn-footed,
hoofed ; equi, Verg.
comix -icis, f. (root COR, whence Kopw'nj,
corvus, curvus, crooked), the crow ; natura cervis
et cornicibus vitam diuturnam dedit, Cic; gar-
rula, Ov. ; annosa, Hor.; prov., corniouui oculos
confjgere, and ellipt., qui coniici oculum, ut
dicitur, to deceive the sagacious, Cic.
cornu -us and (rarely) -u, n. (xtpa?). I. J, it.,
1, the horn of animals, of the bull, rain, gnat,
stag, etc., Cic ; Cornu Copiao (Cornucopia), the
horn of the goat Amalthra, the sign oj plenty,
Hor.; cornu, poet, for strength, courage-; tollere
cornna in aliqnem, Hor. ; corniia stunere, gain
courage, Ov. ; 2, a, of things of similar material,
a hoof, Verg. ; a beak of a. bird, Ov. ; b, of things
resembling a horn in shape, the elephant's tusk,
Varr. ; c, of things made of horn, a bow. Verg. ;
a- large curved trumpet, or horn, Cic ; » lantern,
Plant.; an oil cruet, Hor. ; a funnel, Verg. II.
Transf., A. The horn, as the point or end of
anything, the top of the helmet, Verg. ; the ends
of the sail-yards, Verg. ; the ends of the staff round
which parchments were rolled, Ov. ; the horns of
the moon, Cic. ; the. arm of a river, Ov. ', the end
of a promontory, Liv. ; the corner or extremity of
a country, Liv.; the wing of an army, dextrum,
sinistrum, Caes. B. growth like a horn, a
large wart cm the head, Hor. (arc eornum, Ov.).
Cor
139
cor
Cornucopia -ae, v. cornu.
cornum -i, n. (cornus), 1, the fruit of the
cornel, Verg. ; 2, the wood of the cornel-tree ;
meton. appear mcule of cornel-wood, Ov.
oomus -i, and -us, f. (cornu), lit. the horn-
tree ; 1, the cornel-tree (cornus mascula, Linn.),
so called from the toughness of its wood ; 2,
the wood of the cornel-tree aud meton. a javelin
made of cornel-wood, Ov '. . .
cornutns -a -nm (cornu), horned; aves,'Ov.
corolla -ae, f. (dim. of corona), n little crown,
Cat u
CdroebUS -i, m. a Phrygian, son of My g don.
corollarium -li, n. (corolla), originally, a
garland of flowers, then, a garland of gilt or sil-
vered flowers given away to actors, etc., Varr. ;
hence, a present, douceur, gratuity, Cic.
corona -ae, f. (icopwiTj). I. Lit. a wreath,
garland, chaplet, crown, Cic. ; castrensis, triumph-
alls, navalis, civica, obsidionalis, muralia, nav-
alis, Cic. ; sub corona vendere, to sell into slavery
prisoners of xuar who wore ehaplets, Cic. ; also,
sub corona venire, Liv. ; regni corona, a diadem,
Verg. II. Transf., 1, a constellation, the north-
ern crown, Cic. ; 2, ft circle, assembly of men,
Cic. ; inilit. t.t. the besiegers of a city; (urbem)
corona ciugere, to invest, Caes. ; or, the defenders
of a city, or place; corona vallum defendere,
Liv. ; 3, the halo round the sun, Sen.
cdronarius -a -urn (corona), relating to a
garland, Plin. ; aurum, originally, the golden,
crown sent by the provinces to a victorious general,
aftor wards changed to a sum of money, Cic.
Corouc -es, f. (Kopwi'>j), a town in Messenia.
Adj., Coronaeus -a -um, Coronaean.
Cor6nea-ae, f. (Kopwi/cia), a town inBoeotia.
Adj., Coronaeus -a -tun, Coronaean.
Coroneus -Si, m. king in Phocis, father of
Corone.
Cdronis -ldis, f. (Kopwn's), daughter of Phleg-
yas, mother of Aesculapius ; hence Coronides
-ae, in. Aescida.pius.
corono, 1. (corona). I. Lit. to wreathe, crown,
with a garland; aras, Prop. ; puppiin, Ov. ;crat-
era, Verg. ; sequebantur epulae, quas inibantpro-
pinqui coronati, Cic. ; qnis magna coronari eon-
temnat Olympia, to be crowned as conqueror at
the Olympic games, Hor. II. Transf. to surround,
enclose in the form of a circle; coronant myrteta
summum lacum, Ov. ; omnem abitmn custode,
Verg.
corporalis -e \corpus), relating to. the body,
corporeal, Sen.
corporeus -a -um (corpus), 1, relating to the
body, corporeal; ille corporeus (ignis), Cic. ; 2,
fleshy, consisting of flesh; humerus, Ov.
corporo, 1. (corpus), to form into a body, pro-
ride with a body-; nmndus eorporatus, Cic.
corpiilentia -ae, f. (corpulent us), fatness,
corpulence, Plin. ; - "■■ ■• -
oorpulentus -a -um, adj.' with "com par.
(corpus), fat, stout, corpulent, Plant.
corpus -poris, n. (root COR, as in cortex).
I. Lit. A. Gen. 1, a body, substance (opp. ani-
mus, anima), the body ofmeiktmd animals; animi
voluptates et dolores nasci e corporis volup-
tatibus et rtoloribus, Cic. ; hence, ft person ; de-
lecta virum corpora, Verg. ; nnum vile atque
infnme corpus, Liv. ; 2, ft lifeless substance, mass;
individua corpora, the atoms, Cic. B. Esp. 1,
flesh; ossa subjecta corpori, Cic. ; corpus amit-
tere, to lose flesh, Cic. ; abiit corpusque colorque,
Ov. ; 2, a corpse, Caes. ; poet, of the souls of the
dead, Verg. ; 3, the trunk, Ov. II. Transf. any
whole like a body; 1. the framework of a sh ip, Caes.;
2, the "body politic;" totum corpis reipublicae,
Cic. ; 3, any whole, collection, mass ; a, of mili-
tary works, Caes. ; b, of the world, uuiversi-
tatis corpus, Cic. ; c, of a book, corpus omnia
juris Homani, Liv. ; d, a collection of persons;
(a) of the state, ciusdem corporis, Liv. ; corpus
nullum civitatis, Liv. ; (p) of a corporation; (4
■political union, Liv.
corpusciilum -i, n. (dim. of corpus), a little
body, corpuscle, ato"m,'Cic. '
corrado -rasi -rasum, 3. (com and rado),
to scrape or rake together. A. Lit., Lucr. B.
Transf. to scrape together money, Plaut. .
correctio -onis, f. (corrigo), 1, improvement;
amendment; correctio philosophiae veteris et
einendatio, Cic. ; 2, in rhet, a figure of speech, in
which an expression already used is replaced by a
stronger one (Gr. enavopdioo-ts), Cic
corrector -oris, m. (corrigo), an improver,
amcuder, corrector; corrector atque emendator
nostrae civitatis, Cic. ; emendator et corrector
noster, Cic.
correpo -repsi -reptum, 3. (com and repo),
to creep or crawl together, to slink in; in onera-
riam (navein), Cic. ; quoi non correpunt mem-
bra pavore, whose limbs do not shrink with
fear ? Lucr.
correpte, adv. with compar. (correptus,
from corripio), shortly; correptius exit syllaba,
Ov.
corrideo. 2. (com and rideo), to laugh together,
laugh loudly, Lucr. •
corrigia -ac, f. ft shoe-string, boot-lace, Cic.
corrigo -rcxi -rectum, 3. (com & rego), to wide
straight, reduce to order, set right. I, Gen. hide,
acgre cursum, Liv. II. a, to correct, improve,
amend ; praeterita "magis reprehendi possunt
quam corrigi, Liv. ; mores, Cic. ; alicuius seu-
tentiam, Cic. ; non modo superiores sed etiam
se ipse correxerat, Cic. ; b, of writing, to correct;
eas epistolas ego oportet perspiciam, corrigam,
Cic. ; laudationcm Porciae tibi correctam misi,
Cic.
corripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (com and rapio).
I. to seise violently, lay hold of, take up. A. Lit.,
hominem corripi jussit, Cic. ; arcumque maim
eeleresque sagittas, Verg. ; se corripere, to hasten
away, Verg. ; corpus corripere, to start up, Verg.
B. Transf., a, to plunder, carry off; peouniam,"
Cic. ; b, to ftcewse, bring to trial; statimcorripit
renin, Tac. ; c, to blame, rebuke; eonsules, Liv, j
voce magistri corripi, Hor.:; d, of disease etc,
to attack; nee singula morbi corpora compiunt,
Verg. ; e, of the passions, to overcome; visae
COITepfcus imagine formae, Ov. II. to gather
together; 1, of motion, to hasten; tarda necess-
itas teli corripuit gradum, Hor. ; viam, to
hasten over, Verg. ; campum, Verg. ; 2, of time,
to shorten; niunina eorripiant moras, Ov.
corroboro, 1. (com and roboro). A. Lit. to
strengthen, invigorate; se corroborare, to gain,
strength ; quum is se corroboravisset et vir iutev
viros esset, Cic. B. Transf., conjurationein non
credendo corroborare, Cic.
corrodo -rosi -rGsum, 3. (coin and redo), to
gnaw away ; Platonis Politiam nupei' apud me
mures corroserunt, Cic.
corrogo, 1. (com and rogo). to bring together,
collect by begging ; nummulos cle nepotum donis,
Cic. ; auxilia ab sooiis, Liv.
corrugo, 1. (com and rugo) to wrinkle up ; ne '.
sordida mappa corruget nares, make you turn .
up your nose in disgust, Hor.
corrumpo -rapi -ruptum, S. I. to destroy,
annihilate; sua frumenta corrumperc et aedi-. .
ficia incendere, Caes. ; vineaiTteni et lapidibus,
cor
140
Cot
SnlL ; fes familiares, Sail. ; libertatem, Tac. ;
lmilto dolore corrupts vnluptas, Hor. II. to
spoil, mar, make worse, deteriorate ; a, physi-
cally, oonclnaa aqua facile corminpitur, Cic;
Ceres corrupts undjs, corn spoiled by sea-water,
Verg. ; of annuals and men, to weaken; corrupti
equi lnacie, Caes. ; b, of pronunciation, to cor-
rupt; nouicn eoram paulatim Libyea corrapere,
barbarri lingua Mauros pro Medis appellantes,
Sail. ; c, of writings, etc., (o/a/si/i/;tabulas pub-
licas nmnicipii maim sua corruuipere, Cic. ; d,
morally, to corrupt ; mores civitatis, Cic. ; huius
urbis jura et exempla corrumpere, Cic. ; milites
soluto imperin liceutiantque lasciviacorniperat,
Sail. ; corrurnpere nliquem pecunia, tobribe, Cic.
corrfio -rui, 3. (com nndruo). I. Intransit.,
ro fall to the ground, fill together, sink down. A.
Lit., a, corruerunt aedes, Cic. ; conclave illud
proxiuianocte corruit, Cic. ;b, of persons, paene
ille tlmore, ego risu corrui, Cic. ; esp., to fall in
battle; ubl vero corruit telis obrutus, Liv. B.
Transf., ilia plaga pestifera qua Lacedaemoni-
oruin opes corruerunt, Cic. ; of persons, to be
ruined ; si uno meo fato et tu et onines mei
corruistis, Cic. II. Transit., to throw down,
overthrow; lianc rerum summani, Lucr.
coiTupte, adv. with conipar. and superl.
(corruptus), corruptly, incorrectly ; neque de-
pravate judicare neque corrupte, Cic.
COITUptela -ae, f. (corruptus), the means of
romtption, corruption, bribery, seduction; mores
liac dulcedine corruptelaque depravati, Cic;
pecuniosi rei corruptelam judicii niolientes, Cic.
corrupt! O -onis, f. (corrumpo), corruption,
a corrupting ; corporis, Cic. ; opinionum, Cic.
corrupter -oris, m. (corrumpo), a corrup-
ter, seducer, briber; juventutis, Cic; tribus,
briber, Cic; exercitus, Liv.
corruptrix -icis, f. (fern, of corrnptor), one
that corrupts or seduces; attrib. = corrupting;
tarn corrnptrice provincia, Cic.
corruptus -a -urn, p. adj. with enmpar. and
superl. (corrumpo), spoiled, damaged, corrupted,
corrupt. I. Lit., physically, hordeum, Caes.
H. Transf., morally, civitas, Sail.; judicia, Cic;
adulescentulus, Cic.
cors = cohors (q.v.).
Corsica -ae, f. the island of Corsica in the
Mediterranean Sea. Adj., Corsus -a -um, and
Corsicua -a -um, Corsican.
cortex -tlcis, m. and f. bark, rind, shell;
a, the bark of trees ; obduenntur libro aut cortice
trunci (lilier — the inner bark), Cic. ; b, esp., the
bark of the cork tree, cork, Hor. ; prov., nare sine
cortice, to swim without corks, i.e., to need no
assistance, Hor.; levior cortice, Ilor.
Cortina -ae, f. 1, a round kettle or caldron,
Plaut. ; esp. the caldron-slurped Delphic tripod;
cortina Phoebi, ffte oracle of Apollo, Verg.; 2,
anything in the shape of a wldron, a circle of
hearers, Tac
Cortona -ae, f. (Kopruva), Cortona, a town of
Etruria. Adj., Ccrtonensis -e, of or belong-
ing to Cortona.
corulus = corylus (q.v ).
corns = caurus (q.v.).
corusco. 1. (connected with tcopvo-o-u). L to
butt with the horns, Cic. II. A. Transit., to
•move quickly, shake; telum, Verg.; of Bnakcs,
linguae, Ov. B. Intransit., a, coruscant (apes)
pennis, flutter, Verg. ; coruscat abies, Juv. ; b, to
shine, flash, glitter; apes fulgore coruscant,
Verg.
CoruBCUS -a -um (corusco), 1, shaking,
trembling: ailvae, Verg.; 2, gleaming, flashing ;
fulgura, Lucis ; sol, Verg. ; juvenes auro CoruSCl,
Verg.
1. corvus -i, m. (tdoaf), a raven, Cic; prov.,
in cruce corvos pascere, to be food for the crows,
to be crucified, Hor.
2. Corvus -i, m. a surname of a family of the
gens Valeria, Cic.
Corybas -bantia, m. (Kop</'/3as), gen. in plur.,
Corybantes -ium, m. priests cf Cybele. Adj.,
Corybantlus -a -um, Coryliamian.
Coryddes, nymphae, (KupviciSet). daughter
of Plistus.
1. Corycius -a -um (Kiopu'/aos). belonging to
the Corycian caves on Mount Parnassus.
2. Coryclus -a -um, v. Corycos, 1.
1. Corycosor -US -i, f. (Kw'pi'/eos), 1, a mc.un-
tain and city of Cilicia, celebrated for a care a>ht
the cultivation of saffron ; hence adj., C6ry-
C1US -a -um, Corycian; crocum, Hor.; senex,
Cilician, Verg. ; 2, a promontory on the coast of
Ionia. _
2. COryCUS -i, in. (icu'ipvKos), a sand-baa in the.
palaestra, which the athletes struck to exercise their
strength ; tig., corycus laterum et vocis meae,
Bestia, Cic.
coryletum -i, n. (corylus), a hazel coj>se, Ov.
corylus -i, f. (* /cdpvAos), a hazel tree, Verg.,
O v - ^
corymbifer -fera -ferum (corymbus and
fero), carrying bunches of ivy berries, epithet of
Bacchus, Ov.
corymbus -i, m. (Acdpivi/9os), a bunch of
flowers or fruit, esp. a cluster of ivy berries, Verg.'
coryphaeus -i, m. (icopi^aio?), the leader,
chief, head ; Epicureorum Zeno, Cic.
C5rythus -i (Kopvtfo?), 1 f. a town in
Etruria, afterwards Cortona; 2, m. the legen-
da ryfou n der of Corythus.
cdrytus -i, m. (yupvTos), a quiver, Verg.
1. COS, cijtis, f. any hard, flinty stone, Cic ;
esp. a whetstone, grindstone, Hor., Cic
2. Cos, v. Coos.
Cosa (Cossa) -ae, f. (K<Wa) ami Cossae
-arum, f. (Kdcr<T<u), 1, a tow7i in Etruria. Adj.,
Cosanus -a -um, Cosan ; 2, a town in Lueania.
COSineteS -ae, m. (icocrp.»JTn5), the slave who
had charge of his mistress's wardrobe and toilet,
Juv.
COSmiCOS -uu (<co(r/iiic6s), belonging to the
world. Subst., o citizen of the world, Mart.
_ Cossyra (Cosyra) and Cossura (Cos -
ura) -ae, f. (Koo-crvpa), a small island between
Sicily and Africa, now Pantalaria.
COSta -ae, f. 1, a rib, Verg. ; 2, a side ; aeni,
Verg.
costum -i, n. (kootos), an eastern aromatic
plant, employed in the preparation of unguents,
Hor.
Cosura and Cosyra = Cossyra (q.v.).
cothurnatus -a -um (cothurnus), provided
with a buskin, hence sublime, tragic ; deae, Ov.
cothurnus -i, m. (ic66opvo<). I. a large hunt-
ing boot, reaching to the calf, and laced vp the
Jront, Verg. II. the thick-soled boot vrorn by
tragic actors. A. Lit., cothurnus tragicus, Hor. ;
cothurnus major, minor, Cic. B. Transf., a,
tragedy, Hor.; b, a tragic, elevated style; sola
Sophocleo tua carmina digna cothurno, Verg.
cotidianus, cotidie = quotidianus, etc.
(q.v.).
Cotoneus, v. Cydonea.
Cotta - -■ a cognomen, of a family of the
gens Aurelia,
cot
141
ere
eottiibus -i, m. (Kdrra^os), a game played by
throwing heeltaps of wine into a brazen basin ;
hence, from the similarity of sound, the crack of
a whip, Plaut.
cottana (cotona, coctona, coctana)
-orum, n. (icoTTava), a kind of suiall Syrian fig,
Juv.
Cottius -li, m. name of the kings of two Ligu-
rian peoples in the Cottiaii Alps, so called after
them. Adj., Cottianus -a -urn, Cottian.
cStula or cStyla -ae, f. (koti/Ajj), a measure
of capacity, half a sextarius, Mart.
coturnix -icis, f. a quail, Ov.
Cotys -tyis, ace. -tyn, voc. -ty, abl.-tye, m.
(Kotvs), 1, name of several l'hracian princes;
2, brother of Mithridates, 2>rince of the Bosporus.
Cotytto -us, f. (Kotuttw), the goddess of un-
chastily, originally worshipped in Thrace, after-
wards in Alliens and Corinth also. Cotyttia
-orum, n. the festival of Cotytto, Hor.
cdvinarius and covinnarius -ii, m. one
who fights from a war chariot, Tac.
covinus (covinnus), i., m. (a Celtic word),
1, the war-chariot of the ancient Britons and Bel-
gians, Luc. ; 2, a travelling-chariot, Mart.
coxa -ae, f. the hip-bone, Plin.
coxendix -Icis, f. (coxa), the hip, the hip-
bone, Plin.
Crabra or Aqua Crabra, a small river
near Tusculum.
crabro -onis, m. a hornet, Verg.
CragUS -i, in. (Kpayo?), a promontory of
Lycia.
crambe -es, f. (icpanpn), cabbage, Plin. ;
crambe repetita, cold cabbage warmed up, i.e.
stale repetitions, Juv.
Cranon (Crannon) -onis, f. (KpaviLv, or
Kpavi'tov), a town in 1'hessaly. Adj. Craaon-
1US (Kpa.vuvi.os) -a -mn, Cranonian.
Crantor -6ris, m. I. Myth., the armour-
bearer of Peleus. II. Hist., a philosopher of the
old Academy.
Cranli -orum, m. a town on the island of
Cepliallenia.
crapula -ae, f. (>ep<n7raA>7), intoxication,
drunkenness, drunken revel ; crapulam edormire
et exhalare, Qc.
eras, adv., 1, to-morrow ; scies igitur fortasse
eras, Cic. ; subst., eras istud, quando venit,
Mart. ; 2, in the future; quod sit futurum eras,
fuge quaerere, Hor.
crasse, adv., with compar. (crassus), grossly,
rudely, roughly ; crasse compositum poema, Hor.
crassitude >.is. f. (crassus), thickness ; pari-
etum, Caes. ; aeris, density, Cic.
1. crassus -a _um, thick, dense, solid. A.
Lit., unguentum, hor. ; aer, misty, Cic. ; Ilium,
Cic. ; toga, coarse-grained, Hor. ; ager, fruitful,
Cic. B. Transf., Ofellus rusticus crassa Min-
erva, of sound common sense, Hor. ; turba, rude,
uncultivated, Mart.
•J. Crassus -i, m. name of a family of the
gens Liciuia (q.v.).
crastinus -a -urn (eras), relating to to-mor-
row; dies crastinus, Cic.; diecrastina, to-morrow,
Liv. Subst., orastinum -1, n. the morrow; in
crastiuum differre aliquid, Cic.
Crataeia -idis, f. (Kparauj), mother ofScylla,
a nymph.
crater -eris, in. (/cpanjp) = cratera (q.v.).
cratera -ae, f. I. Lit.,-\<. ;-%e bowl in
which ivine was mixed ivith water, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, an oil-cruet, Verg. ; 2, the water of a
volcano, Liter., or a volcanic fissure in Hie earth,
Ov. ; 3, a constellation, the cup, Ov.
Craterus -i, m. (Kparepo?), 1, a general of
Alexander the Great ; 2, a celebrated physician in,
the time of Cicero ; appellat. = a skilled physi-
cian, Hor.
Crathis -thidis, m. (Kpo0«)i a river near
Thurii, between Lucania and JSruttium, now
Crati.
Cratinus -i, m. (Kparlvot), an Athenian
comic poet, contemporary of Aristophanes.
Cratippus -i, m. (KpaTi7T7ro5), a pcrijmlelic
philosopher of Athens, teacher of Cicero's son.
cratis -is. A. Lit. a frame or basket made of
hurdles; also, a harroiv, Verg. ; milit. t.t, fas-
cines, Caes. ; sub crate necari, an old method of
capital punishment, by which the accused was
placed under a hurdle, and pressed to death with
great stones, Liv. B. Transf., favorum, honey-
comb, Verg. ; spinae, the joints of the backbone,
0v -
creatio -onis, f. (creo), choice, election; mngis-
tratuum, Cic.
creator -oris, in. (creo), the creator, maker,
founder; huius urbis Romulus creator, Cic.;
father, Ov.
creatrix -Icis, f. (creator), she who brings
forth or produces, a mother ; natura rerum, Lucr. ;
diva, Verg.
creber -bra -bruin, adj. with compar. and
superl. (root CRE, whence creo, cresco). I. Of
space, thick, crowded together, close, pressed to-
getlier; a, creberrimaaedilicia, Caes. ; ereberrinia
grando, Liv. ; crebri ignes, Sail. ; b, thick with,
full of; with abl., creber arundinilnis lacus, Ov.;
qui(Thucydides), ita creber est rerum frsQ" e'tia,
Cic. II. Of time, repeated, numerous, juiiat.it;
a, crebra inter se colloquia habere, Caes.; crebri
ictus, Verg. ; creberrimus sermo, Cie. ; b, creber
pulsat, he beats repeatedly, Verg. ; Africus creber
procellis, abounding in, Verg. ; in scribendo
multo essem crebrior quain tu, Cie.
crebresoo (crebesco), -brui (-biii), 3. (creber),
to become frequent, increase, gather strength, ex-
tend; seditio crebrescens, Tac. ; horror, Verg. ;
crebrescunt optatae aurae, Verg. ; crebrescit viv-
ere Agrippam, the report is spread abroad that,
etc., Tac.
crebrltas -atis, f. (creber), thickness, close-
ness, frequencu ; oeutentiarum, Cic. ; officiorum,
Cic.
crebro, adv., with compar. crebrius and
superl. creberriine (creber), repeatedly, frequently,
very often; ad aliquem crebrius litteras mitterey
Cic. ; crebro respicere Romam, Ov.
credlbilis -e, adj. with compar. (credo),
credible, worthy of belief; narrationes credibiles
sint, Cic. ; credibile est (fit, videtur), followed
by ace. and infin., ita fit credibile deorum et ho-
luinnin causii factum esse muudum, Cic. ; vix
credibile est, Hor.
credibiliter, adv. with compar. (credibilis),
credibly, Cic.
creditor -oris, in. (credo), a creditor ; tab-
ulae creditoris, Cic. ; fraudare creditores.
credltum -i, n. (credo), a loan, Sail.
credo -dldi -dituni. 3. I. to trust ; 1. to con-
fide, trust in, rely upon, place confidence in; with
dat. of person, credere scrum nemini, Cic.; with
dat. of thing, praesenti fortunae non credere,
Liv. ; 2, to believe, give credence to ; his auctoribus
temere credens, Caes. ; often parenthetic, inihi
crede or crede mini, believe me, take my advice;
venies, mihi crede, exspectatus, Cic. ; with dat.
of thing, fabulia, Cic. ; lacriinis, Oy. ; somniiSi
ere
142
en
Cic. ; with Je, non credis de numero railitum,
Cic. II. to trust, in relation to something; 1,
to entrust, commit, trust something to some one ; a,
anna iniliti, Liv. ; ulicui res onines, Cic. ; so
perhdis hostibus, Ov. ; acieni campo, Verg. ; b,
to entrust to the secrecy of some one; alicui arcanos
sensus, Vers. ; c, to lend ; alicui pecuniam, Cic. ;
absol., to lend; CKdendi modum constituent,
Cic; often in partic perf., pecunia credits or
res creditae, loons, Cic. ; 2, to believe something;
a, to be convinced of as true ; fere libenter hom-
ines id quod volant credunt, Caen. ; esp. paren-
thetic, quod quideui niagis credo, Cic. ; with
ace. and infln., Caes., Cic, or relative sentence,
Hor.; b, to think, to be nf the opinion; with ncc
and infln., credo ego vos, .indices, inirari, Cic. ;
moesti (crederes victos) redeunt in castra, yon
would think, Liv. ; in pass., with noin and infln.,
pro certo creditur necato iilio vacuam domum
scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sail. ; with ace. and
infin., quorum neminem nisijuvante- deo talem
fuisse credendum est, Cic. ; parenthetic, credo,
I believe, I think; male, credo, mererer de meis
civibus, si, etc., Cic.
creduliias -a*is, f. (credulus), credulity;
ap. Cic.
credulus -a -urn (credo). A. Act. believing
easily, credulous, confiding; alicui, Verg.; in
aliquid, Ov. ; stultus et credulus auditor, Cic.
B. Pass. easily believed, fama, Tac
Cromer a -ae, in. re ri ver in Etruria, near which
300 Pabii were killed. Adj., CremerCMSls -e.
cremo, 1. to bum, consume by fire; a, libros
in conspectu populi, Liv.; regalia tecta, Ov. ; b,
esp., of the burning of the bodies of the dead,
Sulla primus e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit
cremari, Cic. ; corpus alicuius, Cic; c, of sacri-
fices, crcniatos igni vitulos, Ov.
Cremona -ae, f. Cremona, a town in N.Italy.
Ad; remonensis, -e, of Cremona.
Cremonis jugum, a mountain range in the
Pennine Alps.
cremor -oris, m. the thick juice obtained from
animal or vegetable substances, pulp, cream, etc.,
Ov.
1. creo, 1. (root CER, CRE, whence cresco),
to make, create, produce. I. Gen., a, omnes res
quas et creat nature et tuetur, Cic. ; alicui per-
iculum, Cic; b, to beget a child, Cic; pass.
partic, creatus with abl., of father or mother
= daughter or son, Telamonc creatus, Ov. II.
a, to institxtte an office or magistracy; tribuniciam
potestatein, Liv. ; b, to elect a magistrate or
priest ; consules, Cic ; with double ace., Ancum
Marcium regem populus creavit, Liv.
2. Creo -onis, and Creon -ontis, m. king of
Corinth, whose daughter Creusa VMS betrothed to
Jason.
creper-pSra-perum (Sabine word connected
with KvfQas), dark, obscure, uncertain, Lucr.
crepida -ae, f. (kotjtti's), a sundal, Cic. ; prov.
ne sutor ultra crepidam, shoemaker, stick to your
last, Plin.
crepldatus -a -urn (crepida), wearing sandals,
Cic.
crepido -inis, f. (rp^i's), 1, a base, founda-
tion, pedestal, Cic. ; 2, a quay, pier, Cic.
crepitacillum-i, n. (dim. of crepitaculum),
a little rattle, Luor.
orepitaoulum -i, n. (crepito), re rattle, Quint
orSpito, 1. (freq. of crepo), to rattle, ereak,
crackle, rustle, clatter; crepitantia anna, Ov. ;
lenis crepitans auster, rustling. Verg. ; multS
grandine nimbi cnlminibus crepitant, Verg.
crepitus -us, m. (crepo), a rattling, creaking,
miaili-na. clattering; di^itorum, snapping the
fingers, Mart. ; pedum, Cic. ; dentium, Cic :
aeris, Liv. ; viridis inateriae flagrantis, Liv. ;
alarum, Liv.
crepo -pfii -pTtuiu, 1. I. Intransit., to creak,
rattle, rustic, crackle; digiti crepantis signa, a
snapping nf the fingers tocoll a servants attention,
Mart.; acuta in niurice remi obnixi crepuere,
crashed, Verg.; crepat in mediis la urns adusta
focis, crackle, Ov. II. Transit., a, to ivnse to
resound, rattle; quum populus freqnens laetiiin
theatris ter crepuit sonuin, Hor.; to talk much
of, chatter about, prate about; sulcos, Hor.; b,
innnunda ignominiosaque verba, Hor. ; post vina
grnveni inilitiairi aut pauperism, Hor. •■ ; '
crepundia -oruni, n. (crepo), child's play-
things, rattle ; naevo aliquo aut crepundiis ali-
qnem cognoscere, Cic.
crepusciilum -i, n. (creper), twilight. I.
Gen., dubiae crepuscula lucis, Ov. II. Esp.,
evening twilight; inducunt obscure crepuscula
noctem, Ov.
Cres -etis, m., v. 1. Creta.
cresco, crevi, cretuin, 3. (inchoat. from root
CER, whence creo, creare). I. to growvp, spring
forth, arise; quaecunque e terra corpora cres-
cunt, Lucr. ; erescentes segetes, Ov. ; iu past
partic, cretus, sprung from; mortali sefnine,
Ov. ; Trojano a sanguine, Verg. II. to grow, in-
crease in si:e ; 1, a. fruges, arbusta, annnantes,
Lucr. ; in longitudinem, Plin. ; lit cum luna
pariter crescaut pariterque decreseant, Cic ; b,
esp. of boys, to grow up; toti salufifer orbi
cresce, puer, Ov ; 2, to increase in heigh',
number, etc. ; Roma interim crescit Albae
ruinis, Liv. ; quum Albanus lacus praeter
modum crevisset, Cic. ; luna crest-ens, waxing,
Cic ; crescit in dies singulos hostium Humerus,
Cir. ; erescentes morbi, Cic; crescebat in eos
odium, Cic ; 3. to grow great, increase in fame,
power, etc. ; pater per se crevisset, Caes.
1. Creta -ae, f. and Crete -es, f. (KpTJT>j),
the Mediterranean island of Crete, now Candia ;
hence, 1, Cr6s_-etis, m., Cretan; subst., a Cre-
tan, plur., Crates -um, m. the Cretans; 2,
Cressa -ao, f. Cretan; Cressa nota, of Cretan
chalk, Hor.; bus, Pas-iphae, Prop.; subst.,
Ariadne, Aerope, Ov. ; 3, Cresius -a -mn,
Cretan; 4, Cretaeus -a -um, Cretan; subst.,
Epimenides,_Fro^.; 5, Cretanus -i, in. a Cret-
an; 6, Cretensis -is, Cretan; 7, Creticus
-a -um, Cretan ; subst., the surname ofjj. Metellus
from his conquest of the island ; 8, Cretis -tidis,
f. Cretan.
2. creta -ae, f. (prop. adj. of 1. Creta),
Cretan earth, chalk, or a kind of fuller s earth,
used for cleansing garments, Plant. ; used also
for painting the face, Hor. ; for seals, Cic.
cretatus -a -um (2. creta), chalked ; fascia,
Cic; transf., ambitio, the canvassing of the white-
robed coJidiHates, Prop.
creteus -a -um (2. creta), made of chalk or
Cretan earth, Lucr.
cretio -onis, f. (cerno), a declaration of an
heir accepting an inheritance.
cretiila -ae, f. (dim. of creta), white clay far
sealing, ClC.
Creusa -ae, f. (Kpe'oixra), 1, daughter nf
Creon, king ofCorinih, wife of Jason; 2, daughter
of Priam, wife of Aeneas ; 3, : a p-orl in Poeotia.
cribrum -i, n. (from root CRE, CRI, whence
also cerno), a sieve, Cic.
orimen -!nis, n. (from root CRE, CRI, Gr.
EFI, whence cerno, xpivu). I. A. Lit., accusa-
tion, complaint, reproa? h , calumi y ; esse in dim-
ino, to be accused, Cic. ; dare alicui aliquid crirmni,
cri
143
cru
Cic. ; propulsare, defendere, to repel, confute, Cic.
B. Meton., an object of reproach; perpetuae crim-
en posteritatis eris, Ov. II. the fault, guilt, crime,
with which a person is charged. A. Lit., haee
causa est omnium horum scelerum atqne crim-
inum, Cic. B. Meton, a, an object representing
a crime; pictas caelestia criniina vestes, Ov. ;
b, cause of crime ; se causani clamat crimenque
caputque lualorum, Verg.
criminatio -onis, f. (criminor), an accusa-
tion, calumny, charge; ilia criminatio qua in
me abaentem usus est, Cic.
criminator -oris, m. (criminor), an accuser,
calumniator, Tac.
criminor, 1. dep. (eriinino, Plant. ; cri-
minor, pass., Cic. ?) ; 1, to accuse, charge a person
with a crime, to calumniate ; patres apud popul-
uin, Liv. ; nihil Sistium, Cic. ; Q. Metellum
apud populuin Romanum criininatus est bellum
ducere. Cic. ; 2, to charge with, to lay something
to the blame of some one, to complain of; lion
licet omnia criminari, Cic; contiones quibus
quotidie meam potentiain invidiose ciiniina-
batur, Cic; with ace. and inrin., me esse gratum
criminaris, Cic; absol., to reproach; argu-
mentaudo criminari, Cic
criminose, adv., with compar. and superl.
(criminosus), by way of accusation, reproachfully ;
qui suspiciosius aut crimiuosius diceret, Cic.
criminosus -a -urn (crimen), reproachful,
calumnious, slanderous ; ille acerbus criminosus
popularis homo ac turbuleutus, Cic. ; criniinosum
liomen, Cic. ; iambi, Hor. ; criniinosum est or
tit or habetur, blameworthy, Cic.
Crimissus (Crimisus) -i, m. (Kpi^io-o-ds,
Kpi/xicros), a river in the south-west of Sicily.
crinalis -e, (crinis), relating to the hair;
vitta, Ov. Subst, crinale -is, n. a hair-band;
curvum, a diadem, Ov.
crinis -is, m. (root CBR, CRB, whence
cerno, creo, cresco). A. the hair, esp. of the
head, Cic. ; crines sparsi, Liv. ; crinibus passis,
Liv. B. Transf., the tail of a comet, Verg.
crinitus -a -um (crinis), provided with hair,
hairy, with long hair. A. Lit,, Apollo, Verg.
B. Transf., Stella crinita, a comet, Cic.
crispisuloans -ant is (crispus and sulco),
serpentine, ap. Cic.
crispo, 1. (crispus), 1, to curl, crisp; capil-
luin, Pliu. ; 2, to move rapidly up and down,
brandish; hastilia manu, Verg.
crispulus -a -um (dim. of crispus), curly-
haired, curly, Mart,
crispus -a -um, 1, curly, curly -headed,
Plant. , Tar. ; 2, in trembling motion, trembling,
quivering; latus, Verg.; pectcn, Juv.
crista -ae, f. (connected with cresco, crinis),
1, the crest of a bird, the comb of a cock, Juv. ;
2, the crest or plume of a helmet, Verg., Liv.
cristatus -a -um, (crista), crested; a, draco,
Ov. ; aves, cocks, Mart. ; b, having a crest or
plume; galeae, Liv.
Critbote -es, f. (KpifWij), a (own on the east
coast of the Thraclan Chersonese.
Critias -ae, m. (Kpm'as), one of the Thirty
Tyrants at Athens.
criticus -i, m. ((cpiTi«ds), a critic, Cic
Crito -6nis, m. (Kpirmv), a disciple and friend
Of Socrates.
Critohulua -i, m. (Kpn-dflovXoj), a disoiple of
Socrates.
Critolaus -i, m. (Kpu-dAaos), 1, a peripatetic
philosopher, ambassador from Athens to 'Rome,
155 B.C. ; 2, a general of the Achaean League.
crdceus -a -um (crocus), 1, belonging to
saffron, saffron; odores, Verg. ; 2, saffron-coloured,
golden, yellow; flores, Verg.
crdcinus -a -um Ocpdxivos), belonging to
saffron, saffron-coloured, yellow; tunica, Cat.
Subst,, crocinum -i, n. (sc. oleum), saffron'
oil, Prop.
crocio, 4. (Kpujfw), to can) like a crow, Plant.
crdcddilus -i, ni. (icpo/«>6uAo5), a crocodile,
Cic. u
crocota -ae, f. (sc. vestis, Gr. 6 kpokwtos, sc.
XitioV), a saffron-coloured robe worn by women, Cic,
crocotiila -ae, f. (dim. of crocota), a little
saffron-coloured robe, Plaut.
crocus -i, ni., crocum -i, n. (kpokos and
KpoKov). I. saffron, used by the ancients not
only as a spice and in medicine, but in the
preparation of perfumes, Ov.; personified, Crocus,
a young man changed into a saffron-flower, Ov. II.
Meton., the colour of saffron, yellow, Verg.
Croesus -i, m. (Kpoi<ro?), a king of Lydln
famous for his wealth; appell. =a rich man, Ov.
Adj., CroesiUS -a -um, of Croesus.
Cromyon -onis, f. (Kpopuiov), a village in
Megaris.
crotalia -orum, n. (kpotoAki), an earring
consisting of several pendant pearls, Ters. • ,
crotalistria -ae, f. a female dancer and per.
former on the castanets, Prop.
crotalum -i, n. (uporaKov), a Castanet, Verg.
Croto (Cr6ton) -onis, c (Kponov), a town on
the east coast of Bruttium, now Crotone. Hence
I, CrStoniates -ae, m. (KpoTomanjs), ait Inn
habitant ofCrotona; 2, adj., Crotoniensis -e,
of Crotonu.
Crotopiades -ae, m. (KpoTwiriaSris), the poet
Linus, grandson, on the mother's side, ofCrotopus,
king of Argos, Ov.
cruciamentum -i, n. (crttcio), torture, tor.
blent, Cic.
crucfatus -us, m. (crucio), torture, torment,
execution ; onmes animi cruciatus et corporis,"
Cic. ; per cruciatum interficere, Caes. ; quin tu
abi in malam pestein malumque cruciatum, go
and be hanged, Cic.
crucio, 1. (crux), to torture, torment; quum
vigiliisatque fame cruciaretur, Cic; aliqueni, Cic.
crudelis -e (crudus), unfeeling, unmerciful,
cruel, inhuman, liardhearted ; a, of persons, crud-
elissimustyrannus, Cic. ; Lepidus erudelis in lib-
eros, Cic ; inhominiscousulariscalamitatecrud'
elis, Cic ; b, of things, funus, Verg. ; bellum,
Cic. ; consilia crudelissima, Cic.
crudelitas -atis, f. (crudelis), cruelty, in-
humanity ; importuna in me crudelitas, Cic
crudeliter, adv. (crudelis), cruelly, inhu-
manly ; imperare, Caes. ; aliqueni erudelissirne
iuteiiicere, Cic.
crudesco -dui, 3. to become Itard, violent ;
crudescit morbus, Verg. ; seditio, Tac.
cruditas -atis, f. (crudus), overloading of the
stomach, indigestion, Cic.
Crudus -a -um (contr. from cruidus, from
root CRU, whence cruor), raw. X. Lit., 1, not
prepared by fire, uncooked, raw; exta cruda
victimae, Liv. ; 2, not ripened by the sun, unripe,
poma, Cic; 3, a, undigested; pavo, Juv. ; b,
suffering from indigestion; Roscius crudior fuit,
Cic. ; 4, raw, not healed; vulnera, Ov. ; 5, un-
prepared, rough ; cortloe crudo . hasta, Verg.
II. Transf., 1, not -ready, immature, fresh ; ser-
vitlum, Tac; 2, vigorous, fresh ; senectus cruda
virldisque, Verg, j 3i rough, erud ; Getae, Ov, I
ensis, verg.
eru
\u
cul
crftento, 1. (crucntus), to tnalv bloody, to
itain with blood; msnus Banguine, Nep. ; glad-
iuni, Cic. ; lis., haec te lacerat, haec cruentat
oratio, wounds, Cic.
cruentus -a -um (cruor), bloody. I. Gra. a,
mired with blood; guttaeimbrium quasi cruentae,
Cic; b, blond - red ; myrta, Verg. II. In a bad
sense, bloody through •murder. A. Lit., covered,
stained, spotted with blood, bloody ; umeutus sang-
uine civnun Romanoi'tim, Cic; cadaver, Cic;
gaudens Dellonacruentis, in the shedding of blood,
Hor. B. Transf., a, wounding; dens, Hor.; b,
rejoicing in blood, bloodthirsty, cruel ; ira, Hor.
crumena -ae, f. a leathern pouch for money,
carried by a strap rouna\ the neck. A. Lit.,
Plant. B. Transf. ^mon ey ; non detlcicntecium-
ena, Hor. j}
cruor -oris, m. (root CItU, whence also
f.Tudus), the blood which flows from a wound,
gore ; cruor inimici recentissimus, Cic ; tig.,
murder, slaughter ; cruor Cinnanus, the slaughter
of Cinna, Cic. ; castus a cruore civili, Cic. ; ad
caedein et cruorem abstrahi, Cic
cruppellarii -orum, in. Gaulish gladiators,
who fought in full armour, Tac
orus, cruris, n. 1, the shin, shin-bone\ leg;
frangere alicui crus or crura (of persons cruci-
fied), Cic. ; rigida crura, Cic ; sucddere crura
equo, Liv.; 2, plnr., the supports of a bridge, Cat.
crusta -ae, f. 1, the cruet, rind, shell, burk
of any substunce ; concrescunt subitac currenti
in flumine crustae, coating of ice, Verg. ; 2,
mosaic, inlaid work, on, walls, bus-relief, or em-
bossing on silver plate, Cic.
crustulum -i, n. (dim. of crustum), a little.
cake, Hor.
crustum -i, n. (crusia), anything baked,
bread, cake, Verg.
Crustiimerla -ac, f. (Kpouoronepc'a)
( morlum -ii, n., -raerli -orum, in. -mlum
-li, n.), a town, of the Sabines, near the sources of
the Allia. Hence adj., 1, Crustiiminus -a
-um, 2, Crustiimlus -a -urn, of Crustumeria.
crux, crilcis, f. a cross; agcre aliquem in
crucem, Cic. ; affigere aliquein cruci, Liv.; de-
trahere aliquein ex cruce, Cic. ; minari alicui
crucem, Cic. ; rapere aliquem in crucem, Cic. ;
abi in rnalam cracem, go and. be hanged .' Plaut.
crypta -ae, f. (kputttt)), a subterranean gal-
lery, vault, crypt, grotto, Juv.
crystallfnus -a -um (Kpvtr-rdAAti'o?), crystal-
line, mode of crystal, Plin. Subst. , crystal
Una -drum, n. (sc. vasa), crystal rases, Juv.
oryatallus -i, f. and (rarely) m. (kdvo--
TttAA.o?) (heteioel. plur., crystalla). A. Lit.,
crystal. B. Meton., a, a crystal drinking vessel,
Mart. ; b, the glittering, precious stone in a ring,
Prop.
Ctesiphon -phontis, m. (Kt>)o-i$<!>i'), an
Athenian statesman, friend of Demosthenes, who
defended him when accused by Aeschines.
cublcularis -c (cublculum), relating to a
she ping- room ; lectus, Cic.
cubicularius -a -um (cublculum), belonging
to a sleeping-room. Subst., CUblCUlariUS -ii,
in. a chamber-servant , Cic.
cublculum -i, n. (cubo), a sleeping- room,
bedroom, Cic.
cubile (cubo), 1, a bed, esp. the marriage-
bed ; 2, the resting-place of animals, lair, den ;
ferarum bestiarum, Liv.; rimosa cubilia, of bees,
hives, Vers.; construere sibi cubilia nidos, Verg.;
flg., the seat of an evil; ut omnes mortales istius
avarit iae non jam vestigia, sad ipsa cubilia videre
cubital -talis, n. (cubitum), an elbow cushion,
Hor.
CUbl talis -e (cubitum), of the length of a
cubit ; cubitalis fere cava, Liv.
ciibito, 1. (freq. of cubo), to He down often,
be accustomed to lie, Cic.
cubitum -i, n. and cubitus -i, m. (cubo),
1, the elbow; cubito remanere presso, Hor. ; 2,
a cubit, an ell, Cic.
cubo -ui -itum, 1. 1, a, to lie down, recline;
In lectica, Cic; b, esp. to lie down to sleep ; cub-
itum ire, to go to bed, Cic ; c, to recline at table;
quod memlnisset quo eorum loco quisquc cubu-
isset, Cic ; d, to lie down from illness, to lie in
bed ill ; eubantem disputare de hliqua re, Cic. ;
2, applied to inanimate objects, partic. Cubans,
sloping; Ustica, Hor. ,
CUCUllus -i, m. a hood, cowl, Juv.
CUCUllIS -i, m. (kokkv/;), the cuckoo, Plaut. ;
as a term of reproach, Plaut., Hor.
CUCiimiS. -mens, m. a cucumber, Verg.
cucurblta -ae, f. 1, a gourd, Plin.; 2, a cup-
ping-glass, Juv.
cudo, 3. 1, to beat, pound; fabas, lo thresh ;
prow, istaec in me cudetur faba, / slutll suffer
for that, Ter. ; 2, of metals, to stamp, beat out,
coin; pluinbeos nummos, Plaut.
culcuimodl = cujus-cujus-iuodi, of what
kind soever, Cic. ^
CUJas -atis and cujatis -is (cujus from qui),
of what country ? whence? Cic.
cujus -a -um, 1. (cujus from qui), 1, interrog.
pron. to whom belonging? whose ! cujuin pecua?
whose flock ? Verg. ; 2, rclat. pron. whose, is cuja
res sit, Cic.
cujuscemodi (qui, ce, and modus), of what-
ever kind, Cic.
cujusdam-modl, of a certain kind, Cic.
cujusmddl (quis and modus), of what kind? ■
Cic.
cujusquemodi (quisquc and modus), of
every kind, Cic.
CUlcIta -ac, f. (calco), a mattress, bolster,
pillovj ; plumea, Cic.
culeus (culleus) -i, m. (root CU, whence
cupa), a large leathern sack, Nep. ; aliquem insu-
ere in culeum (the punishment of parricides), Cic.
culex -icis, m. a gnai, midge, Hor.
culina -ae, f. (contr. from coquilina), a, a
kitchen; tua (pliilosophia) in culina, mea in
palaestra est, Cic; b, meton., food, fare,
victuals ; Murcna praebente doniuni, Capitone
culinam, Hor.
culleus, v. culeus.
culmen -inis, n. (for columen from * cello),
the top, summit. I, A. Lit., 1, culmen Alpium,
Cacs. ; 2, the ridge nfa roof; culmen tccti, Verg.
B. Transf., summit; sumnium culmen fortunae,
Liv. II. Poet. = culuius, haulm, Ov.
culmus -i, m. (from * cello, like culmen), a.
stalk, haulm, esp. of grain, Cic; thatch; Iio-
miilco recens liorrebat regia culmo, Verg.
culpa -ae, f. fault, error. I. Lit., 1, culpa
delicti, Cic; a, abl., culpa, /)// one's own fault,
Cic ", so mea. culpa, tua culpa, etc. ; abesse a
culpa or culpa, Cic ; non abhorrerc a tali culpa,
Cic. ; uni culpam attribuere, Cic. ; committere
cnlpam, Cic ; dare alicui summam laudem vitio
et culpae, Cic. ; est culpa mea, Cic. ; est culpa
in aliquo or in aliqua re, Cic. ; esse in culpa,
Cic. ; extra culpam esse, Cic. ; liberare aliquem
culpa, Cic. ; b, praestare culpam, to make oneself
resvonsiblefor, Cic; in se suscipere istius culp-
am", Cic ; vacare culpa, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, thi
cul
145
cun
taiUt of negligence, Hor. ; b, unchastity, Ov. II.
Meton., the cause of error or sin; eulpain ferro
coMi]>esce, Verg.
CUlpatUS -a -uin, p. aclj. (from culpo), blame-
worthy ; Paris, Vcrg.
CUlpo, 1. (culpa), 1, to blame, find fault with,
accuse, disapprove; laudatur ab his, culpatur
ab illis, Hor. ; 2, to lay blame on; arbore nunc
aquas culpante, Hor.
culte, adv. with compar. (1. cultus), ele-
gantly; loqui, Ov.
cultellus -i, m. (dim. of culter), a little
knife, Hor.
culter- -tri, m. (connected with Skr. kar, to
wound, and Gr. «i P <o), a knife; cultri tonsorn,
razors, Cic. ; a ploughshare, coulter, Plin. ; prov.,
me sub cultro linquit, leaves me under the knife,
i.e., in the greatest peril, Hor.
CUltor -oris, m. (colo), a cultivator, planter,
labourer. I. Lit,, A. Gen., terrae, Cic. ; agror-
um, Liv. B. 1, absol., husbandman, Sail. ; 2,
with genit., an inhabitant, occupier ; eius terrae,
Sail. II. Transf., 1, gen., a friend, supporter;
bonorum {of the. optimates), Liv. ; veritatis, Cic. ;
2, csp., a worshipper; deorum, Hor. ; religion-
uin, Liv.
cultrix -icis, f. (cultor), 1, she who tends
or takes care of, Cic; 2, inhabitant; nemorum
Latonia virgo, Verg.
CUltura -ae, f. (colo), culture, cultivation.
I. Lit, 1, gen., agri, Cic. ; vitis, Cic. ; 2, agri-
culture, husbandry, Hor. II. 1, mental culture,
cultivation; animi, Cic; 2, reverence, respect,
courting; potentisainici, Hor.
1. cultus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and
ssuperl. (colo). A. cultivated, tilled, planted ; loci
culti, Cic. ; agercultissimus, Cic. Subst., culta
-oruxn, n. cultivated land; an culta ex silves-
tribus facere potui? Liv. B. a, ornamented,
adorned ; feinina cultissima, Ov. ; b, polished,
elegant; sonum linguae ct corporum habitum
et nitorcm cultiora quam pastoralia esse, Liv. ;
culta cannina, Ov.
•2. CUltUS -us, m. (colo). I. cultivation;
agroruin, Liv., Cic. II. A. physical or mental
cultivation; 1, a, physical cultivation, care,
tending; corporis, Cic; b, adornment, dress;
cultus Punicus, habitusque, Liv. ; 2, viental
culture, training, education; animi, ingenii, Cic.
B. revei rxe, respect, worship; a, of the gods,
cultus deoaim, Cic. ; b, respect paid to -men; be-
nevolis officium et diligens tiibuitur cultus, Cic.
culullus -i,m. a drinking-vessel, Hor.
cuius -i, m. the fundament, Cat.
1. cum, conj. =quum(q.v.).
» 2. cum, prep, with abl. with. I. In space, 1,
together with; esse, vivere, agitare, habitare,
ces.sare, donuirc, ire, abire, redire, mittere cum
aliquo; cum impediments venire, Caes. ; esp.
a, in the company of a general ; cum M;igonc
equitesHispauorum praemissos, Liv.; b, of some
oHicc held in common with some one else, unuin
iiiiperium unumque magistratum habere cum
ipsis, Liv.; c, inrelation trill,, in cam print/with:
cum aliquo go delectare, Cic. ; 2, adorned with.
Cumae -arum, f. (Ku'mij), an ancient city of
Campania, famous as the residence of the Sibyl.
Adj. Cumanus -a -um ; Cumaeus -a -uin,
Vumaean; virgo, the Sibyl, Ov.
cumba = cymba (q.v.).
cumera -ae, f. a corn-chest, Hor.
cuminun -i, n. (Kvpivov), the herb cummin,
Hor.
cummi, v. gummi.
cumprimis, v. primus,
cumque (cunque, quomque), an adverb
usually round in composition, e.g., quicumque,
ubicumque, etc., signifying however, whatever,
whenever; sometimes standing by itself; quae
demant quomque dolorem, }tain in general, Lucr. ;
niihi cumque salve rite vocanti, whenever I call,
Hor.
cumulate, adv. with compar. and superl.
(cumulatus), abundantly, copiously; gratias
agere, Cic.
cumulatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (cumulo), 1, heaped up, increased, en-
larged ; Hesiodus eadem mensura reddere jubet,
qua acceperis, aut etiam cumulatiore, si possis,
Cic. ; 2, perfect ; hoc sentire et facere perfectae
cumulatiieque virtutis est, Cic.
cumulo, 1. (cumulus). I. A. Lit. , to lieap up,
pile up ; cetera omnis generis arma in acervum.
Liv. B. Transf., qunm aliae super alias clades
cumularentur, Liv. ; omnes in aliquem honores,
Tac II. a, to till by heaping up, fill up, overload;
fossas corporibus, Tac; altaria donis, "\erg. ;
b, confiteor rac cumulari maximo gaudio, Cic;
cumulatus laude, loaded with praise, Cic. ; C, to
increase, heighten; invidiam, Liv.; cumularcelo-
quentia beliicam gloriam, Cic; d, to bring to
perfection ; cumelata, crant officia vitae, perfectly
fulfilled, Cic.
cumulus -i, m. (connected with culmen and
culmus). A. Lit., a heap, pile, mass; hostium
coacervatorum, Liv.; aquarum, Ov. B. Transf.,
addition, increase, surplus, summit ; commenda-
tionis tuae, Cic; alicui affcrre cumulum gaudn,
Cic. . . .,
cunabula -orum, n. (cunae). A. Lit., a
cradle; a, esse in cunabulis, Cic; b, the bed
of the young of bees, Verg. B. Meton., the earliest
abode; gentis, Verg.
cunae -arum, f. (cubo, * cunibo), acradle ; a,
in cunis dormire. Cic. ; primis cunis, in earliest
childhood, Ov. ; b, tlve nest of young birds, Ov.
cunctabundus -a -um (cunctor), loitering,
delaying, dilatory, Liv., Tac .
cunctans -antis, p. adj. with compar. (cunc-
tor), loitering, lingering, slow, Ylin.; ilex glebae,
tenacious, Verg.
cunctanter, adv. with compar. (cunctans),
slowly, linger ingly, Liv.
cunctatio -Onis, f. (cunctor), a delay, linger-
ing, hesitation; invadendi, Liv.; sine cuncta-
tiouc, Cic. ; abjecta omni cunctatione, Cic.
cunctator -oris, m. (cunctor), one u<ho de-
lays, lingers, hesitates ; cunctatorem ex acernmo
bellatoie factum, Liv.; a surname of the dictator,
Q. 1'abius Maximus.
pi . -
in conviviis, Cic ; legates rum anctoritate init-
tere, Cic. II. Of time, 1, at the same time with ;
cum prima luce Pompom: domum venire, Cic. ;
9. . together with- aliouid magno cum gemitu
civitatis sutterre, Cic. ; cum eo quod, ut, or ne,
on the condition that ; sit sane sedtamen cum eo,
credo, quod sine peccato meo iiat, Cic. (Cum,
when used with the personal pronoun, is always,
and when used with relative pronouns generally,
placed after its case, mecum, quocum, etc.)
mi aliquo ae delectare, Cic ; 2, adarneii intn. „„.,-.„ , .„., <„,/,,/,,,,. i „rinntioii tostav.
oridJwith:^ pallio PUV^^^'^'^SSS^&mS^ liU 'Cic: t^um
tarry; ounctari diutius in vita, Cic; tarduiu
cunctaturolivum, drops slowly, Lucr. ; 2, of ac-
tion, to hesitate, linger, be slouj ; sedendo 6t cur.e-
tando bellum gerebat, Liv. ; with inlin., non est
cunctandnm profited huncmundum animal esse,
Cic. ; non cunctor, foil, by quin and the subj. ;
non cunctandnm existimavit, qniu pugna decer-
taret, there ought to be no delay in, etc., Caes. ;
impels, pass., nee cunctatum apud latera, Tac
<& CUOCtUS -a -um (contr. frov. »•."-■>
v
cun
146
cur
eonvinctus), all, al l , mlle.cti rehi, jhc who le; a,
sing., senatus, Cic"; orbis terTarum, Verg. ; b,
plur., cuncti -ae -a, cives, Cic; iu poet, some-
times foil, by genit., homiuum, Ov.
cuneatim, adv. (cuneo), in shape of a wedge,
Caes.
cuneatUB a -iim, p. adj. with compar.
(cuneo), pointed like a, wedge ; jugum in angust-
um dorsum cuneatum, Liv.
cuneo, 1. (euneus), to drive in a wedge, to
v.'edge in, Plin.
ouneolus -i, in. (dim. of cuueus), a little
wedge, Cic.
euneus -i, m. a wedgr. I. Lit., A. cuneis
scindere fissile lignum, verg. B. a wedge ax a
triangular figure ; Britannia in cuneum tenu-
atur, is narrowed in the shape of a wedge, Tac.
II. Transf., A. troops drawn up in form of a
wedge, a wedge ; cuneuin fucere, Caes. B. the
wedge-shaped compartments into which the seats of
the amphitheatre were divided, Verg. ; cuneis
omnibus, to all the spectators, Phaed.
cuniculosus -a -um (cuniculus), full of holes
and caverns, Cat.
cunlculus -i, m. 1, a rabbit, cony, Cat, ; 2,
on underground passage; omne genus cunicul-
oriuu apud eos notum atque usitatum est, Caes. ;
esp. milit. t. t., a mine; agere cuniculum, Caes.;
aperire cuniculum, Caes.
cunnus -i, f. = pudendum muliebre ; meton.,
C prostitute, Hot.
cupa -ae, f. (root CU, whence culeus), a cask
or butt, Cic.
cfipedia -ae, f. daintiness, fondness for dain-
ties, Cic.
cupide, adv. with compar and super), (cu-
pidus), eagerly, jxtssionately, hotly, vehemently,
warmly; cupide appetere aliquid, Cic; cupide
proficisci, Cic. ; cupidius aliquid dicerc, Cic. ;
ego vero cupide et libenter mentiar tua causa,
Cic^
cupidltas -atis, f. (cupidus), eager desire, and
in a bad sense, passionate longing, vehement desire.
I. Gen., cupiditati inexplebilis, insana, nimia,
Cic; with obj. genit, pecuniae, Cic; dominandi,
Cic. ; with ad, tanta cupiditas ad reditum, Cic. ;
ardere cupiditate, Cic ; coercerc cupiditates,
Cic; explere cupiditates, Cic; incitare aliquein
cupiditate imitandi, Cic. ; servire cupiditatibus,
Cic II. Esp., a, ambition; papillaris (of a
demagogue), Cic; b, desire for money, avarice;
sine cupiditate vixisse, Cic. ; c, factiousness,
party spirit; cupiditatis atque inimicitiarum
suspicio, Cic
cupido -inis, f. (m. only in poet.) (cupio),
longing, desire. I. Gen., Sail.; with genit.,
ami, Tac; pecuniae, honoris, Sail.; flagrarc
Cupidine rc-gni, Liv.; Haniiibalem iiigens cupido
incesserat Tarcuti potiendi, Liv. II. Esp., a,
physical desire; somui, Hall.; b, love; cupido
visae Virginia, Ov. ; hence personified, Cupido
-inis, in. Cvpid, the gwl of love, son of Venus,
Cic; plur., Cupidines, Cupids; o, avarice;
cupido sordidus, Hot.; a, ambition; ila cupid-
ine atcpie ira, pessiinis consultoribus, grassari,
SalL
cupidus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
fu perl, (cupio), desirous, wishful, eager, fowl.
L Gen., a, absol., consul non cupidus, Cic. ; b,
with genit. of object, pecuniae, Cic; novaruiu
rerum, Cic; te audier.di, Cic ; c, with in and
theabl.-, In persplcieuda.cognoscendaque rerum
natura, Cic. II. Esp., a, longing for, loving,
Ov. ; b, avaricious; homo non cupidus nequo
appet^ns, Cic. ; c. (a) in a good sense, denoted
<« • hn.no tni cupidus, cic. ; (fi) In a bad sense,
factious, partial; quaestores veheinenter istius
cupidi, Cic. ; absol., judex cupidus, Cic
cupiens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
supeil. (cupio), desiring, longing, \oishing, eager ;
novarura rerum, Tac; cupientis.-.iniS plebe, Sail.
cupienter, adv. (cupiens), eagerly, Plaut.
cupio -ivi or -ii, -irum, 3. to desire, long for,
wish for. I. Gen., a, with ace, is quern cupiiiiiis
optainusque veslitus, Cic; pacem, Liv.; partie
perl'., res cupita, Liv. ; b, With iutin., cupiensad
su"s redire, Cic; c, with ace and inrin., equidem
cupio Antonium liaec quam primum audire, Cic.
II. Esp., alicui or alicuius causae, to favour,
support, wish well to ; quid ? ego Fnndanio non.
cupio? non amicus sum? Cic
cupitor -oris, m. (cupio), one who desires;
matrimonii, Tac
cuppedia, v. cupedia.
/Apressetum -i, n. (cupressus), a cypress
wood, Cic.
cupresseus -a -um (cupressus), made of
cypress wood ; signa Junonis, Liv.
CupreBSlfer -fSra -feYuin (cupressus and
fero), cypress-bearing, Ov.
CUpreSSUS -i, f. -US, m. (*»7rap«r<70s). A.
tlie cypress, sacred to Pluto, used at funerals,
Verg, B. Meton., a casket of cypress wood, Hor.
cflpreus -a -um, v. cypreus.
cur (orig. quoirei, cuirei, then cuire, cuir,
cur), adv. why ? wherefore ? for what reason '.
1, rel., duae sunt causae, cur, etc., Cic; 2,
interrog., cur non assum? Cic.
cura -ae, f. care. I. A. Gen., carefulness, soli-
citude, pains, troulile (opp. negligentia), attention ;
magna cum cura et diligentia scribcre aliquid,
Cic; with genit., rerum ajienarum cure, (difli-
cilis) est, Cic. ; cura colendi, Verg. ; with do,
studium tuum curaque de salute mea, Cic. ;
verbal constructions, adhibere curam in capris
et ovibns parandis, Cic ; agere ciiram civium,
Liv. ; conferre mngnam curam in alicuius salut-
em, Cic. ; non dimittere istam curam, Cic ;
maxima erat cura duci no, etc., Liv. ; salutcm
eius regis sonatui populoque Romano magnae
curse esse, Cic ; imprimis tibi curae sit ne mihi
tenipus prorogetur, Cic. ; habere curam rerum
divinaium, Liv. ; incuinbe in earn curam, devote
yourself to, Cic ; ponere enrain alicuius rei, to
lay aside, Liv. ; ponere curam in aliqua re, to
devote one's attention to, Cic ; suscipere curam,
Cic. ; sustinere maximam curam belli, Cic. B.
care for something, attending, caring, minding;
1, of husbandly, quae enra bourn, Verg. ; 2, the
adornment of the body; cura cultusque femin-
arum, Liv.; 3, heeding, cure; simplex ilia jam
cura doloiis tui, Cic; 4, the worship of the gods ;
deorum, Liv.; 5, taking care of a person ; suilin
sororisquc Ulios in eadem cura habere, Liv.;
meton., theobjed of attention ; tuacura, palumbcs,
Verg. ; 6, care for, management, administration ;
esp. of public affairs, cuiareipublicae, Liv. ; cura
naviuin, of Hue fleet, Tac; meton., business, ad-
ministration; quum sumus necessariis negoliis
ourisque vacui, Cic. II. core, anxiety, solicitude,
disquiet; 1, sine cura, Cic; afferre alicui curam,
Cic; afheerc aliquem aliqua cura, Cic; conlici
curis, Cic; priusquam ea cura decederet patri-
bua Homanis, Liv. ; liberare aliquem cura, Cic ;
et cura vacare et negotio, Cic; 2, of the disquiet
of love, juvenum curac Hor. ; meton., the object
of love; tuacura, Lycorii Verg.
curabilis -e (cura), eicUing care or fear;
vindicta, Juv.
curalium -0 = eorallium (q.v.).
curate, (curatus), adv. carefully, compar,
cm-atius legi,' between the Jfue*, Tao, •
cm
147
cur
curatlo -onis, f. (euro). I. Gen., a taking
care, Plaut. II. Esp. attention, management ; 1,
a, with genit., curatio corporis, Cic. ; b, medical
attention, Healing, cure; curatio medici, Cic;
curatio valetudinis, Cic. ; adhibere curationem,
Cic. ; praescribere curationem, Cic; 2, manage-
ment, administration; esp. of a public ottice,
curatio Nenicorurn, of the Nemean games, Liv. ;
Asiatica curatio frumenti, commission to buy
corn, Oic. ; curatio agraria, commission to di-
vide land, Cic. ; curationem suscipere, Cic. ;
aedes Telluris est curationis meae, Cic.
curator -oris, m. (euro), one wlw takes care ; 1,
a guardian, overlooker, curator; viae Flamiuiae
Cic. ; maris reticiendis sunto aediles curatores
urbis annouae ludorumque sollemniuui, Cic;
legibus agrariis curatores eoustituere, Cic. ; 2,
legal t. t., guardia/n of a minor or idiot or pro-
digal; alicui curatorem dare (of the praetor), Hor.
curatus -a -urn, p. adj. (euro), carefully pre-
pared ; curatissimae pieces, Tac.
curoulio -Onis, m. a weevil, corn-worm,Yerg.
Cures -ium, f. an ancient town of the Sabines;
meton., the inhabitants of Cures, Ov. Hence A.
Adj., Curensis -e, of Cures. B. Cures -etis,
m. an inhabitant of Cures.
Curetes -uxn, m. (Koupi)T«), the ancient in-
habitants of Crete, who celebrated a frantic wor-
ship of Jupiter, like tliat of Cybele by the Cory,
bantes. Adj. , Curetis -Idjs, poet. = Cretan, Ov.
curia -ae, f. (connected with Quiris). L a
curia, one of thirty divisions into v;hich the
Roman patricians were distributed by Romulus,
Liv, II. Meton., A. the meeting-place of a curia,
Tac. B. a, the building in winch the senate met,
usually the Curia Hostilia, afterwards the Curia
Pompeja or Curia Julia ; b. Curia Saliorum, the
house of the Salii on tlie Palatine, Cic. ; C, the
seriate ; aliquem in curiam introducere, Liv. ;
d, the senate-house of non-Roman nations— e.g.,
at Salamis, Cic. ; Syracuse, Cic. ; Troy, Ov. ;
Athens, the Areopagus, Juv.
curialis -e (curia), belonging to the same
curia, Cic.
curiatim, adv. (curia), by curiae; populum
consuluit, Cic.
Curiatii -orum, m. name of aiv Alban gens,
three of which fought with the Horatii.
curiatus -a -um (cu>ia), relating to the
curiae; comitia curiata, the original assembly of
the Roman people, in which they voted by curiae,
Cic. ; lex, a law passed in the comitia curiata,
Cic.
Curicta -ae, f. an island on the lllyrian
coast, now Veglia.
1. CUTIO -onis, m. (curia), 1, the priest of a
curia, Varr. ; maximus, the head of the college
formed by the thirty curiones, Liv. ; 2, a herald,
crier, Mart.
2. Curio -onis, m. tint name of a family of the
gens Scribonia.
curiose, adv., with compar. and superl.
(euriosus), 1. carefully; conquirere istacuriosius,
Cie. ; 2, inquisitively; curiosius id faciuut
quant necesse est, Cic.
curiositas -iitis, f. (curiosus), inquisitive-
ness, curiosity.
Curios^'ites -um, m. a people in Brittany,
near modern Corseult.
curiosus -a -urn, adj. with compar. and
6uperl. (enra), carej'ul; 1, attentive, diligent;
curiosis oculis perspici non posse, Cic. ; per-
multa alia colligit Chrysippus, ut est in omnl
historia curioaus, Cic; 2, inquisitive, curious;
Sti curiosl, Cic
curls -is, f. (a Sabine word) = hasta, a lanoe,
or javelin, Ov.
Curius -a -um, name of a plebeian, gens, of
which the most illustrious member was M'. Curius
Dentatus, the conqueror of the Sabine*, Samnites,
and of Pyrrhus, celebrated for his temperance;
hence appell. a brave and temperate man, Hor.
Adj., Curianus -a -um, of or belonging to
Curius.
euro, 1. (cura). I. Gen. to care for, pay at-
tention to, tend; a, with ace, negotia alisna,
Cic. ; b, with ace. and gerundive, in Sicilia.
frumentum emenduin et ad urbem. mittendum
curare, to get bought and sent, Cic ; C, with
infill., qui res istas scire curavit, Cic; nou
curare, not to care, to decline, refuse; in Sicilian!
ire non curat, Oic. ; d, followed by ut, ne, ut
ne and the subj., or the subj. alone, Cic; so in
letters, cura ut valeas, Cic; e, with de, Quintus
de einendo nihil curat hoc tempore, Cic. II.
Esp., 1, to attend to, take care of ; se, Cic ; mem-
bra, Hor. ; to attend to, cure an invalid, or a dis-
ease; curare corpora, Cic ; curari non posse,
Oaes. ; 2, to attend to religious observances; sacra,
Cic. ; 3. to provide or procure a sum of money ;
jubc sodes nunimos curari, Cic. ; 4, to adminis-
ter, manage; res Roniae, Liv.; absol. to com-
mand; curare Roniae, Tac. (Archaic forms,
coiravi, coirandi, ap. Cic.)
curriouluni -i, n. (curro). I. Act., A,
Abstr., 1, running, Plaut. ; 2, esp. a, a contest
in running, a race, Cic. ; b, a coxirse, orbit oj
heavenly bodies; solis et lunae, Cic. B. Concr.,
the chariot used in races ; in curriculum quadrig- i
arum incurrere, Cic II. Pass, the raceground ;
athletae se in ouniculo exercentes, Cic ; often
tig., exiguum vitac curriculum naturu circunv-
scripsit, iuimensurn gloriae, Cic.
CUXTO, ciicurri, cursuin, 3. to run, hasten;
pass. imper6., curritur, one runs, Cic. ; curritur
ad praetorium, Cic. ; pro so quisque currere ad
sua tutanda, Liv. ; with cognate ace, eosdem
cursus currere, Cic; prov., currentem liortari,
incitare or instigare, to spur the willing liorse,
Oic. ; esp. a, to run in a race; currere bene, Ov.;
with aoc. of place, qui stadium currit, Cic. ; b,
of ships, to sail; per oinne mare, Hor.; with ace,
currere cavatrabe vastum aequor, Verg.; c, of a
wheel, si mea sincero curreretaxerota,'Ov.; d, of
water, currentes aquae, Ov.; e, of the heavenly
bodies, libera currebant et inobservata per annum
sidera, Ov. ; f, of the hem of a garment, quam
plurima circum purpura Maeandro duplici Mel-
iboea cucurrit, Verg. ; g, of fright, cold, shame,
etc., varius per ora cucurrit Ausonidum turbata
fremor, Verg. ; h, of time, to pass; currit ferox
aetas, Hor.; i, fig., of discourse, to march easily ;
perfacile currens oratio, Cic.
currus -us, m. (curro). I. A. a chariot, car,
esp. a triumphal car; escendere in currum, Cic. ;
flectere currum de foro in Capitoliuiu, Cic. ; in-
vehi curru Capitolium, Cic. B. Meton., a, the
horses, the team; nequc audit currus habenas,
Verg. ; b, triumph ; quern ego currum aut quam
lauream cum tua laudatione couferrein ? Cic
II. a plough with wheels, Verg. III. a ship,
Cat. (syncop. genit. plur. currum, Verg., Acn.
vi. 603).
cursim, adv. (curro), hastily, quickly; cursim
agraen agere, Liv. ; cursim dicere aliena, Cic.
cursito, 1. (intens. of curso), to run up and
down ; huo et illuc (of the atoms), Cic.
eurso, 1. (freq. of curro), to run hither and
thither; ultro et citro, Cio.
oursor -6ris, ra. (curro). J. Lit. A. a
runner, especially for a prize, Cic. ; one u-ho con-
tends in the chariot root, Ov, 8. 1- " " ~—
cur
148
eye
postman, Tac. ; 2, a slave who ran before his
uiaster's carriage, a naming footman, Suet. II.
Transf. surname of L. Papirius, the conqueror of
the Savin ites.
cursus -us, m. (cuito), a running, rapid
motion on horseback, in a carriage, or ship ; mil-
ites cursu exaniniatos, Cues. ; cursus equo-
iiiin, Verg. ; longarum navium, Caes. ; cursu
tendere ad aliquem or aU locum, Liv. ; in cursu
esse, to travel in haste, Cic. ; esp. a, chariot or
horse-race; cursus eertamen, Ov. ; fig. the. race
for office, honour, etc. ; in eodein cursu fuisse a
Sulla dictatore ad eosdein fere consules, Cic. ;
h f course, march, journey; cursus maritimus,
Cic; inihi cursus in Graeciam pertuaiu provinc-
ial!) est, Cic; cursus dirigere, Liv. ; enrsum
secundum habere, Caes. ; cursuin tcnere, Cic. ;
tig., reliquua vitae cursus, Cic; c, the course of
water; quosdam exaruisse amnes aut in alium
enrsum contortos et deflexos videmus, Cic. ; d,
of heavenly bodies, annui cursus solis, Cic; e,
of the voice, his per omnes sonos vocis cursus,
Cic.
Curtius -a -mil, name of a Soman gens, the
most uoted members of which were: a, M. Curtius,
a Roman youth, said to have jumped into a chasm
in the Roman forum, which then closed; b, C.
Curtius Postunius, an adherent of Caesar's ; Q.
Curtius Itufus, the author of a Latin history of
Alexander the Great, probably contemporary with
Vespasian, Hence, Curtius lacus, the chasm in
the forum into which M. Curtius was said to have
jumped.
curto, 1. (curtus), to abridge, abbreviate,
lessen, Hor.
CUrtUS -a -um. shortened, mutilated, cut short ;
res, Ov. ; niulus, Hor.; transf., of discourse, cut
short ; curta sentiunt uec ainant redundantia, Cic.
CUrullS -e (currus), relating to a chariot;
equi, the team of four horses provided out of the
public purse for the Circensian games, Liv. ; sella,
the curule chair adorned with ivory, the official
seat of the consuls, praetors, and curule acdiles,
Cic. ; curulis aedilis, a curule aedile, Liv.
curvamen -inis, n. (curvo), a curving, vault-
ing, arching, Ov.
curvatura -ae, f. (curvo), a vault, arch,
Tlin. ; rotae, the rim, Ov.
curvo, 1. (curvus), to bend, bow, curve; curv-
are brachia longocircuitu, Ov. ; quum nux plur-
ima curvabit ramos, makes to bend, Verg. ; toll-
imur hi caelum curvato gurgite, Verg. ; curvare
genua sua, Verg.; Hadria curvaniCalabros sinus,
Hor. ; transf., make to bend, move; nee te vir
Pieria pellice saucius cui"vat, Hor.
curvus -a -um (icupTo?), bent, bowed, arched,
curved, crooked; arbor, be.nt with the weight, of
fruit, Ov. ; antrum, Verg. ; naves, Ov. ; litus,
Hor. ; fluiucn, winding, Verg. ; curvus arator,
bowed down, Verg. ; curva senecta, Ov. ; subst.,
curvum -i, n. what is crooked ; curvo dignos-
ccre rectum, Hor.
cuspis -Mis, f. A. Lit. a point, esp. the
point or head of a spear; asseres pedum XII
cuspidibus praefixi, Caes. ; of the sting of a bee,
Mil. ; of a scorpion, Ov. B. Meton. a, a lance,
javelin; infrstis cuspidibus uti, Liv.; b, Nep-
tune's trident ; cuspis triplex, Ov.; c, a spit, Mart.
custodlU -ae, f. (custos). I. a watching,
gw/rdivg, custody, care. A. Lit., a, cannm, Cic. ;
aliquem diligenti custodia asservare, Liv.; b,
miljt. t. t. keeping guard, watching ; custodiae
cl.issium, Caes. ; committere custodiam corporis
feris barbaris, Cic. B. Meton., 1, the watch,
sentinels; a, sing., in prose only collective, cus-
todiam ex suis ac praesidiumsex milmhominum
■"K. Caes. ; b, plur., frequent cus-
todiis locus, Liv.; circumdare horribiles custod-
ias, Cic. ; disponerc custodias diligentius, Caes.;
2, the station of the guard, post; haec 11IC8 BCCleS
est, haec vigilia, haec custodia, Cic. II. Esp.
custody, safe-keeping; custodia libera, liberation
on parole, Liv.; dare aliquem in custodiam, Cic;
esse in custodia publica, Cic. ; nccari in custo-
dia, Caes.
custodfo, 4. (custos). I. Gen. to tn-ard, watch,
kee/i; tuum corpus domumque, Cic. ; se diligent-
issime, Cic. ; custodire salutem alicuius, Cic ;
poma, of a dragon, Ov. II. Esp. a, to keep in
sight, observe, watch ; aliquem custodire ne quid
auferat, Cic; A. Terentius Varro ad custodieud-
um iter eoruin missus, Liv. ; b, to take care of;
liber tuns a me cudtoditur diligentissime, Cic;
custodire aliquid litteris, Cic ; c, to keep in
prison, hold captive; ducem praedouum, Cic ;
obsides, Caes. .
CUStOS -odis, c I.Gen. a guardian, watch-
man, keeper, preserver, attendant; a, portae,
Liv. ; custos defensorque provinciae, Cic. ; cus-
tos urbis, Cic. ; fortitudo custos dignitatis, Cic ;
b, the guardian of a young man; custos in-
corruptissimus, Hor. ; c, the guardian of a
woman; nimium servat custos Junonius Io, Ov.;
d, the officer in charge of the voting-tablets; cus-
todes Ubellarum, Cic. ; e, milit. t.t., a sentinel,
guard; custodes dare, Cic. ; disponere, Caes.
II. a, an overseer, overlooker, spy; custos ac
viiulex cupiditatum, Cic. ; b, the gaoler, guard
of a prisoner ; jugulari a custouibus, Ncp.
CUtlCUla -ae, f. (dim. of cutis), the skin,
cuticle, Juv.
Cutiliae -arum, f. an old town in the country
of the Sabines.
cutis -is, f. (root CUT, Gr. KYT, whence
kuto?), the. skin, Hor. ; hide, leather, Mart.
C^&ne -es, f. (Kuan)), a. nymph changed into
a fountain for her grief at. the loss of Proserpine.
Cyanee -es, f. (KuartT)), daughter of Mae-
andcr, mother ofCaunus and Byblis.
cyathus -i, m. (kvo.8os), 1, a ladle for fdling
the goblets (pocula) with wi)ie out of the crater,
Hor. ; 2, a. measure of capacity = one-twelfth of
a sextarius, Hor.
cybaeus -a -um, navis and absol., cybaea
-ae, f. a kind of transport or merchantman, Ck\
Cybele or C^bebe -es, f. (Ki^e'M.Kv^^.)),
1, a Phrygian goddess, afterwards worshipped a'.
Rome under various names (Rhea, Ops, Magna
Mater, etc.), whose priests were called Galli ; adj.,
Cybeleius -a -um, belonging to Cybele ; 2, a
mountain in. Phrygia.
Cybistra -5rum, n. (t£ Kv^ia-rpa), a town in
Cataonia, at the foot of Mount Taurus.
L cyclas -adis, f. (KvieXdi), a female robe of
stati', having a border of purple or gold embroidery,
Juv.
'J. Cyclas -adis, f. (sc insula), gen. in plur.
Cvclades -um, f. (KvKAaSes). a group of islands
in the Aegean Sea.
cycllCUS -a -um (kvkXikos), cyclic; scriptor,
an epic poet whose works formed a complete cycle
of historni, Hor.
Cyclops -clopis, in. (KvkAuji//, round-eyed),
a ('yc'ops, gen. in plur., Cyclopes -elopum, m.
the Cyclopes, a gigantic one-eyed race, the workmen
of Vulcan; sing., the Cyclops Polyphemus, Hor.
Adj., Cyclopeus -a -um, saxa, Sicilian, Verg.
CycneiUS -a -um, belonging to the Boeotian
Cycnns ; Tempe, Ov.
eyeneus -a -um (icvKreio<r), belonging to the
swun ; pluniHe, Ov. ; tamquam eyenea fuit
divini honijuja vox et o ratio, his swan's song, Cic-
eye
no
Dan
1. oyenus -i, in. (kv'io-os), the sawn, filmed in
legend for .its death-song, sacred to Apollo, Cic. ;
meton. —poet; Dircaeus eyenns, Pindar, Hor.
2. Cycnus -i, in. 1, king of higuria, son of
Sthenelvs, changed into a swan; 2, the son of
Neptune, by Calyce, cluinged into a swan.
Cydonea -ae, f. (KvSwVcia), an ancient city
on the north coast of Crete; hence, 1, Cydon*
-onis, m. o Cydonean; 2, Cydoniatae -arum,
m. inhabitants of Cydonea; 3, Cydonius -a
-urn, poet, for Cretan, Verg.; 4, Cydonius -a
•mil, poet, for Cretan.
cygn ... v. eyen . . .
c-ylindrus -dri, m. (icvAtvopo?), 1, a cylinder,
Cic. ; 2, a roller for levelling the ground, Tiers.
Cyllaros and -us -i, m, (K^AAapo?), 1, a
Centaur ; 2, the horse of Castor or Pollux.
Cyllene -es ami -ae, f. (KvAAijn;)- I. a high
mountain in north-east Arcadia, where Mercury
was born and reared. Hence, adj., 1, Cylleni-
US -a -uin, Cyllenian and Mercurian; proles,
Mercury, Verg.; also Cephalus, son of Mercury,
Ov. ; ignis, the planet Mercury, Verg.; subst,
Cyllenius -ii, in. Mercury, Verg.; 2, Cyllene-
US-a-uin, Cyllenian or Mercurian ; fides, the lyre,
Hor. ; 3, Cyllenis -Wis, f. Cyllenian or Mer-
curian. II. a town in the north of Klis.
cymba -ae, f. (ki>p./3>j), a small boat, skiff, Cic.T
esp. the. boat of Charon, Verg.
cymbalum -i, n. (Kvufiakov), a cymbal,
usually found in the plur., Cic.
cymblum -ii, n. (Kvp.fiiov), a snudl drinking-
vessel, Verg.
Cyme -es, f. (Kvp.n). A. a town in Aeolis,
mother-city of Cumae in Campania. Adj., Cym-
aeus -a -um, Cymaean. B. = Cumae (q.v.).
Cynapes, m. a river in Asia, falling into
the Black Sea.
Cynicus -i, m. (Kuwuos), a Cynic i^hilosopher,
a Cynic. Adj., Cynicus -a -urn, Cynic.
cyndcephalus -i, m. am ape with a head like
a dog's, Cic.
Cynos and -us -i, f. (Kuvos), a town in
Locris.
Cynosarges -is, n. (Kwocrapyis), a gym-
nasium outswk Athens, sacred to Hercules.
Cynoseephalae -arum, f. (Kufbs «<paAai,
dog's heads), two hills near Scototssa in Thessaly
where the Romans defeated the Macedonians.
Cynosura -ae, f. (<vio<rovpa), the consteUa-*
tion of the Little Lear, the pole star, Cic. Adj.,
Cynosuris -idis, uisa, the Little Bear, Ov.
Cynosurae -arum, f. (Kvi/oo-ovpa), a pro-
montory in Attica.
CyntbUS -i, m. (Kvvflos), a mountain in
Delos, tk. birthplace of Apollo and Diana ; hence,
Cynthius
Diana.
1, Cyparissus -i, m. a youth beloved by
Apollo, changed into a cypress.
2- cyparissus = cupressus (q.v.).
Cyprus and -OS -i. f. (Kvirpos), the island of
Cyprus ; hence adj., Cyprius -a -11111, Cyprian;
Cyprium aes, or subst., Cyprium -Ii, n. copper,
Plin. Subst., Cypria -ae, f. Venus, Tib. ; Cy-
prii -orum, 111. the Cypriotes.
Cypselus -i, m. (KityeAos), a tyrant of
Corinth.
Cyrene -es (-ae -arum), f. I. a city of North
Africa, birthplace of the poet Culliniaehus and of
the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the. Cyrenaic
school. Hence 1, adj., Cyrenaeus -a -uin,
Cyrenaic; Cyrenaei -orum, 111. the Cyrenc.f,
philosophers; 2, Cyrenaicus-a-mn, Cyrenaic;
Cyrenaici -orum, theOgrtnaiafMUuophert; 3,
Cyrenensis -e, Cyrenaic. II. Cyrene-es, f.
daughter of Hypseus, mother of Aristaeus by
Apollo.
Cyrnos (Cyrnus) -i, f. (Kvpi-os), the island
of Corsica. Adj., Cyrnaeus -a -11111, Corsican.
Cyrtaei or Cyrtii -Orum, m. a people in
Persis and Media.
Cyrus -i, m. (Kvpos), 1, the founder of the
Persian Empire; 2, Cyrus minor, second son of
Ochus, who fvught with his brother, Artaxerxes
Memnon, and was killed at Cunaxa ; 3, an archi-
tect at Rome in the time of Cicero ; hence, Cyrea
-orum, n. the works of Cyrus, Cic. ; 4, n youth
mentioned by Horace.
Cytae -arum, f. (Kvtcu), a city in Colchis,
birthplace of Medea. Adj., 1, Cytaeus -a -inn,
Cytaean - Colchian; 2, CytaeiS -idis, f. the
Cytaean, i.e., Medea.
Cytbera -orum, n. (Kv&jpa), the island Cy-
thera, sacred to Venus, now Cerigo ; hence, 1,
Cythcrea -ae, f. Venus; 2, Cytherelus -a
-urn, Cytherean; subst., Cythereia -ae, f.,
Venus; 3, Cythereis -Idis, f. the Cytherean,
Venusj 4, Cytheriacus -a -um, and 5, Cy-
thereias -idis, f. sacred to Venus.
Cythnos (Cythmis), -i, f. (Kuflvos), an is-
land in the Aegean Sea, now Theruiia.
cytisus -i, c. and cytisum -i, n. (kutkjo?),
a kind of clover or trefoil much valued by the
ancients, Verg.
Cytorus -i, m. (Kvnupos), a mountain and
city Ml 1'aphlagonia, famous for box-trees. Adj.,
Cytoriacus -a-um, Cytoriav ; pecten, made of
boxwood, Ov.
Cyzrcus (-OS) -i, f. (Kvfi/cot) and Cyzicum
-i, 11. a Mich on the Propontis. Adj., CyziccnUB
-a -uin, Cy:icene.
D.
Dd, the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet,
corresponding in sound and alphabetical
position with the Greek A, S. For its meaning
as an abbreviation, see Table of Abbreviations.
Daci -orum, m, tlie Dacians, a warlike people
on the Lower Danube ; hence, 1, Dacia -ae, f.
their country, Dacia; 2, Dacious -i, m. (sc.
nummus), a gold coin of Domitian, the con-
queror of Hie Dacians.
dactyllcus -a -um (SoktvAiicos), dactylic;
nunieius, Cic.
11, m." Apollo; Cynthia -ae, f. '► dactyliotheoa -ae, f. 'SaicrvXiobiKij), 1, a
casket for rings, Mart. ; 2, a collection of seal
rings and gems, Plin.
dactylus (-08) -i, m. (Sa/c-roAos) (lit, a finger),
a metrical foot, consisting of one long, followed by
two short syllables (_ v^ w), a dactyl, Cic.
Daedala -orum, 11. a stronghold in Caria. .
1. daedalUS -a -um (Sai&aXos), 1, act., art-
ful, full of art; Circe, Verg. ; 2, pass., artfully
constructed ; tecta, Verg.
2. Daedalus -i, m. (Acu'SaAof), a celebrated
Athenian artificer, builder of the Cretan labyrinth ;
hence adj., Daedaleus -a -um, Daidalean;
iter, the labyrinth, Prop.
Dahae -arum, 111. (Aaeu), <* Scythian tribe on
the cast side of the Caspian Sea.
Dal
150
Dau
Dalmatae (Delmatae) -arum, m. (a«a-
Harai), the Dalmatians, inhabitants uj ' Jtalmatia.
Hence 1, Dalmatla -ae, f. the. country of
Dalmatia on the east side of the Adriatic Sea; 2,
adj., Dalmaticus -a -um, Dalmatian ; subst,
Dalmaticus -i, m. surname 0/ Metcllus, con-
queror of the Dalmatians. ■
dama -ae, f. (in Yerg. in.), a fallow-deer,
Sor. -•■- •••■ - - ,,,..,..
Damascus -i, f. (Sanaa <6^),_the Syrian city
<f Damascus. Adj.,- Damasoenus -a -um,
Damascene; prnna, damsons y Plin.
Damasippus -i, m. cognomen in the gens
Lieinia.
damma = dama (q.v.).
damnatio -onis, f. (damno), condemnation ;
ambitus, for bribery, Cic. ; tantae pecuniae, to
pay, etc., Cic.
damnatorius -a -um (damno), relating to
condemnation, condemnatory, Cic. ; judicium,
Cic.
damno, 1. (damnum). I. to condemn, de-
clare guilty, sentence. A. Lit. legal t.t.,alicuius
ininisfcroa sociosque, Cic. ; with ace. of the cause,
causa judicata atquc damnata, Cic. ; with ace.
of person, aliquem inauditum, Tac. ; damnari
inter siearios, to be condemned as an assassin, Cic. ;
dainnari per arbitrum, Cic. ; dainnari nullum ali-
am ob causam, Cic. ; with perf. inlin. act., aut
dabisaut contra edietumfecissedamnabere, Cic;
with quod, A. Baebius unus est damnatus, quod
indites Romanos praebuisset ad niinisterium
raedis, Liv.; uithabl. of the motive, inutili pud-
ore causam suani damnare, Liv. ; with abl. of
the accusation, damnari eo crimine, Cic. ; with
abl. of the law or formula, damnari sua lege, Cic. ;
with abl. of the court, dainnari populi judicio,
Cic. ; with abl. of the punishment, damnare ali-
quem capite, to loss of civil right", Cic; wttllgenit.
of the crime, ambitus, Cic. ; with genit. of the
punishment, damnari octupli, Cic ; with do,
damnari de vi, Cic ; with ad, damnari ad mort-
em, Tac B. Transf., a, of deities, damnare ali-
quem voti or voto, tn grant a person's wish, and
thereby compel him to keep his vow; ilamnabiatu
quoque votis, ynu will grant prayer, mid thereby
hind the svfflliant to keep his vow, Yen;. ; gen. in
pass., damnari voti or voto, to attain one's wish ;
bis eiusdem voti damnata respublica, Liv. ; b,
of a testator, to hind the heir, Hor. ; c, to sent-
ence to endure or suffer ; damnare aeterna lum-
ina nocte, ()v. ; d, to coiulemn a person on ac-
count of, to Inculpate; aliquem summae stultitiae,
Cic. ; e, to blame, disapprove of; nee inihi mens
dubia est, queri tc tua numina damnent, Ov.; f,
to assign, devote to (for destruction), Ilion, mini
castaeque damnatum Minervao, Hor. II. to
procure the. 4-ondnnnntioii of a person; hoc nno
crimine ilium, Cic.
damnose, ndv. (damnosus), iiifno-usly; h\h-
ere, to the host's loss, Hor.
damnosus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
snperl. (damnum), causing loss or dainagc, mis-
rhieivns, ruinous, detrimental; helium snmptn-
osum it damuosnm Romania,' Liv.
damnum -i, n. (old form rtamprium, from
root DAP, connected with daps, Or. AAU,
whence Sanavri, or else from dare - the thing
?iven as a punishment), loss, damage, injury (opp.
uerum). I. Gen. contrahere, f'ueere, to suffer
injury, Cic ; pati, lAv. ; damna caelestia hmae,
the waning of the moon, Hor. ; uuueimis damnis
afflci, Cic. ; dare damnum, to cavse loss, Cic ;
damnum naturae, a natural defect, Liv. ; stom-
achum suum damno Tulli (to the injury of) cx-
plere, Cic II. Esp„ 1, loss in war', defeat;
damna Romano accepta bello, Liv. ; 2, a fine,
pecuniary mulct, Cic.
Damocles -is, m. (AafioicAijs), a friend oj
Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, who, on praisin\
the tyrant's prosperity, was placed by Dionysiu*
at a sumptuous feast, and a sword was let down so
as to hang by a hair over his head.
Damon -onis, m. (Aap.wv), 1 a Pythagorean,
fa mans for his friendship with Phiuiias; 2, a
celebrated Athenian- musician, teacher -of Socrates.
Danae -es, f. (Aararj), daughter of Acrisius,
mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in a
shower of gold when shut up in a tower by her
father; hence, adj., Danaeius -a -um; heros,
Perseus, Ov.
Danaus -i, m. (Aarads), sen of Be.lv.s, brother
of Acgyptus, and father of the fifty Dana'ides, the
mythical founder of Argos; hence, 1, adj.,
Danaus -a -um, Greek, Argive; pi. Danat
-Grum, m. the Greeks; 2, Danaides -um, f. the
daughters of Danaus.
Danubius (Danuvlus) -ii, m. the Danube
(in the upper part of its course ; the lower part
was called Later),
dano, v. do.
Daphne -es, f. (Aa</»Tj), 1, the daughter of the
river-god Peneus, changed into a laurel tree ; 2,
a grove and temple to Apollo and Diana near
Antinchia in Syria.
Daphnis -nidis, ace -nim and -nin (Aa<J>m),
son. of Mercury, a Siriliaii shepherd, inventor of
pastoral poetry, and the favourite of Pan.
daphnon -onis, m. (5a<J>nuV), a grove of lau-
rels, Mart.
daps, dSpis, f. (root DAP, Gr. A All, whence
Solvtu}, Sandin), lj a, sacrificial feast, religious
banquet; ergo obligatam reudeJovidapem, Hor.;
2, a' meal, feast, banquet; amor dapis, Hor. ;
humana dape (with human flesh) pascere equos,
Ov. ; plur., dapibus ejmlari opimis, Yerg.
dapsilis -e (5a^iA>(5), sumptuous, plentiful,
richly provided, Plant.
Dardani -ornm, m. (Aap<5ai-oi), a people in
Upper Mocsia, the modem Servia.
Dardanus -i, m. (anpSawK), son of Jupiter
and Electro of Arcadia, the mythical ancestor of
the roi/al family of Troy ; hence 1, Dardanus
-a -um, Trojan; subst,, Dardani -drum, 111. the,
Trojans; 2, Dardanius -a -um, Trojan. ; subst.,
Dardania -ae, f. Troy; 3, Dardanidcs -ae,
m. o descendant of Dardanus, Aeneas, Yerg. ; a
Trojan, Verg. ; 4, Dardanis -Idis, f. a Trajttn
woman, Ov. ; Creusa, Yerg.
Dares -retis, m. (Adpi;?), a comjianian to
Aeneas, a boxer.
Daretis and Darius -i, m. (Aapm> s ). name
of several Persian kings; 1, Darius Hystaspes,
*<Ued 48f> B.C.; 2, son of Xerxes; 3, ' Darius
Oehus or Nothus, died 404 n.c. ; 4, Darius
Codoinannus, the. last. Persian king.
datio -onis, f. (do), 1, a giving ; leguni, Cic.;
2, the legal right of alienation, Liv.
Datis -tidis, ace. -tim, m. (A0T19), a Mede,
general of Darius Uystaspis, defeated with Arta-
phernes at Marathon.
dator -oris, m. (do), a giver; laetitiae,
Bacchus, Verg.
DauliS -idis, f. (AavAi'f), a city in Phocis ;
adj., Daulias -Mis, f. Danlian; ales, Procne,
Ov. ; Dauliades pnellae, Procne and Philomela,
Verg.
Daunus -i, m. a mythical king of Apulia,
father (or ancestor) of Turnns, and father-in-law of
Dlomedes; hence 1, Daunius-a -mu.Dounian;
de'
151
Dec
beros, Turnut, Verg. ; gens, tlte liutulians, of
whom Turwus was king, Verg. ; ilea, Jutuma,
sister of Turnus, Verg. ; Caniena, the llonum,
muse, Hor. ; caedes, Roman, Hor. ; 2, Daunias
-Mis, f. -dpifiia, Hor.
de, prep., With abl., from. I. In space, from,
autayfrovi, down from; de altera parte agri Se-
quanos decedere juberet, Caes. ; de manibus
etTu< r ere, Cic. ; de digito anulum detrahere, Cic
II. "Transf., A- Of time, 1, i» the course of,
during; de nocte venire, Cic. ; de die„i« the
day-Lime, Hor. ; de niense Pecembri navigare,
Cic. ; 2, from, immediately after ; statim de anc-
tione venire, Cic; diem dc die diflevre. proferre
to put off from day to day, Liv. B. 1, from, of
the place from which a person comes ; copo.de
via Latina, Cic; rabula dc foro, Cic; Libyca de
rupe Leones, African lions, Ov. ; 2, to denote a
body of persons out o/ which some one is taken ;
hominem cortum misi de comitibus meis, Cic. ;
esp. a, of the birth, origin, class to which a
person belongs, homo de plebe, Cic. ; b, in the
place of the partitive geuit., de duobns honestis
utrum honestius, Cic; 3, out of, to express the
material out of which a thing is made, de eodem
oleo et opera exarare aliquid, Cic ; esp. a, ot
the change of one thing to another, de templo
carcerem lieri, Cic. ; b, from, of the property
which bears the cost of anything, de meo, de
tuo, etc., from my -property; de publico, at the
public expense, Cic. ; C, of the part of the body
which suffers punishment, de tergo satisfacere,
Cic; 4, of the ground, cause of a thing, on ac-
count of, gravi de causa, Cic ; qua de causa, on
account of which, Cic ; 5, in accordance with, in
obedience to some form or example; vix de mea
sententia concessum est, Cic. ; 6, with relation
to, concerning ; recte non credis de lmniero nulit-
uin, Cic. ; 7, with adj., to form an. adverbial
phrase, de improviso, unexpectedly, Cic. ; de in-
tegro, anew, Cic
dea -ae, f. (dat. and abl. pi., diis, dcis, deabus),
a goddess, Cic ; triplices, the Parcae, Ov. ; deae
liovem, the Muses, Ov.
dealbo, 1. to whitewash, jdaster ; columnas,
Cic
deambulo, 1. to take a walk, Suet.
dearmo, 1. to disarm; quibus dearmatus
exercitus hostium, Liv.
debacchor, 1. dep. to reive, rage furiously ;
debacehantur ignes, Hor.
debellator -oris, m. (debello), a conqueror;
ferarum, Verg.
debello, I. I. Intransit. to wage war to the
end , finish a war : neqne priusquam debellavero
absistam, Liv. ; proelio uno debellation est,
Liv. II. Transit,, a, to fight out; rixa super
mero debellata, Hor. ; b, to conquer, overcome ;
superbos, Verg.
debeo -iii -Hum, 2. (for dehibeo, from de and
liabeo, to have from a person, i.e. to be bound to
restore something). I. Lit. to owe, be indebted;
alicui pecuniam, Cic; talenta CC, Cic; illi quib-
ns debeo, my creditors, Cic; absol. ii qui debent,
debtors, Cic; snbst., debitum -i, n.adebt;
debitum alicui solvere, Cic. ; debito fraudari,
Cic. II. Transf., A. to remain indebted ; quod
praesenti tibt peste subnegaram, non tribueiain
ct-rte, id absenti deberc non potui, Cic B. to
owe, to be bound to repay ; 1, morally, with ace,
alicui gratiara, Cic. ; with infin. to be bound, to
be pledged ; homines, qui te et maxime debuer-
unt et phirimum juvare potuerunt, Cic. ; partie.
debltus -a -urn, bound, owed; debitae poenae,
Cic. ; 2, to be bound or obliged by fate or circum-
stances; tu, nisi ventis debes ludibrium, -if you
are not bound to become, Hor. ; debitusdestinatns-
que morti, Liv. ; vita quae fato debetur, Cic ; 3,
to owe, to have to thank a person for, to be indebted
to a pawn for; alicui benellcium, Cio. ; alicm
vitam, Ov.
debilis -c, adj. with compar. (orig. dehibilis,
from dc and habilis), feeble, weak. A. Lit,
corpus, Cic ; senex, Cic. ; ferrum, Verg. B.
Transf. , mancam ac debllem praeturam f uturam
suam, Cic.
debilitas -atis, f. (debilis), weakness, feeble- .
mess, debility. A. Lit., bonuin integritas corp-
•oris, miserum debilitas, Cic. i linguae, Cic. . B.
Transf., animi, Cic.
debllitatio -onis, t (debilito), o weakening,-
weakness ; animi, Cic." .
debilito, 1. (debilis), to lume, weaken, cripple,
disable. A. Lit., a, membra lapidibus, fust-,
ibus, Cic. ; gen. in pass., esp. in partie. rerf.,
debilitatum corpus et contrucidatum, Cic. ; b,
of things, quae (hiems) nunc oppositis debilitat
puuiicibus mare Tyrrhenum, Hor. B. Transf. to
enervate, break the force of, disable; audaciam
debilito, sceleriresisto, Cic ; tribuuicios furores,
Cic. ; debilitatum nietu, Cic.
debitio -onis, f. (debeo), an owing, debt;
pecuniae, Cic.
debitor -oris, m. (debeo), one who owes, a-
debtor. A. Lit, addicere Futidium creditorem
debitoribus suis, Cic. B. Transf., mero.ede
soluta non manet officio debitor ille tuo, Ov. ;
vitae, o!«ni<7 liis life to, Ov.
debitum -i, n. v. debeo.
decanto, 1. I. Transit., 1, to sing, repeat in
singing ; elegos, Hor. ; 2, to repeat over and mxsr
again; pervulgata prtecepta.Cic II. Intransit.,
to leave off singing; sed jam decantaverant for-
tasse, Cic.
decedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. Lit., to go forth,
go away, depart. 'A. Gen., a, ex nostra pro-
vincia, Cic. ; decedere Italia, Sail. ; of animals,
decedere e pastu, Verg. ; b, de via decedere, to
depart from one's course, Cic; naves imprudentia
aut tempestate paululum suo cursu decesserunt,
Cic ; fig., se nulla cupiditate inductum de via
decessisse, Cic ; alicui de via decedere, to mahe
way for, as a sign of respect, Plaut. ; salutari,
appeti, decedi, to have persons make way for you,
Cic ; decedere canibus de via, to get out of the way
of, Cic. ; to yield to, get out of the way for, cease on
account of; serae decedere nocti, Verg. ; calori,'
Verg.; c, milit. t. t., to march away, to evacuate;
decedere atque exercitum deducere ex bis re-
gionibus, Caes. ; pugna, Liv. ; d, of the magis-
trate of a province, to leave on the expiration of
his term ; de or ex or (simply) provincia, Cic. ;
e, of actors, decedere de scena, Cic B. Esp.,
a, to depart from life, to die; decedere de vita,
Cic. ; or absol., decedere, Cic. ; pater nobis de-
cessit a. d. III. Cal. Dec, Cic. ; b, of things
without life, (a) of water, to retire; quum decess-
isse inde aquam nuntiatum esset, Liv. ; (#) of
"the sun and moon, to set; sol deeedens, Verg. ;
(y) of diseases, to cease; alteram quartaham
Willi dixit decessisse, Cic II. Transf., A. Gen.,
a, to abandon properly; de possessione, Cic;
b, to abandon a plan or opinion ; de sententia,
Cic. ; c, to swerve from duty; de officio et digni-
tate, Cic ; d, to yield place to ; with dat., viveie
si recte nescis, decede pcrrtis, Hor. B. a, to de-
crease; ut de causa periculi nihil decederet, Cic;
b, to cease; postquain invidia deoesserat, Sail.
Decclca (-la) -ae, f. (AeiceAeia), a town in
Attica on the Boeotian border.
decern (6«a), ten. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton.,
an indefinite number; decern vitia, Hor.
December -bris -bre, abl. -bri, (decern), 1,
mensis December, the tenth month of the Soman
year reckoned from March, December, Cic; aubst.,
dec
152
dec
December -bris, m. December; 2, belonging to
lite month December; kalendae, Cie. ; libertate
Decembri utere, the licence of December, i.e., of
the Saturnalia, llor.
docempeda -ae, f. (decern and pes), a mea-
suring rod ten feet in length, Cic
decompedator -Oris, m. (deeempedn), one
who uses the decempeda, a land surveyor ; nequiss-
imus agri privati et publici deeempedator, Cic.
decemplex -Icis (decern and plex, from
plico), tin-fold, Nep.
deccmpriml -Oram, 111. (often written in
two words), Me ten chief men in the senate of a
inunii'ipinm or colonia, Cic.
decemscalmus -a -uni (decern and scalm-
us), havina ten thou-ls or rowlocks; aetuariolum,
Oic. w
deoemvir" -i, m., gen. plur., decemviri
-omm or -inn, 111. a college of ten magistrates at
Rome; 1, decemviri legions scribendis, the
magistrates who drew up the XII. Tables; 2,
decemviri sacrorum or sacris faeiundis, the guar-
dians of the Sibylline Hooks: 3, decemviri
stlitibns (litibns) judicandis, a judicial body vho
judged in, cases affecting freedom and citizenship ;
4, decemviri agris metieiidis dividendiiique, co»i-
■missioners for dividing public land.
decemvlralis -e (decemvir), relating to the
decemvirs ; annus, Cic. ; potestas, Liv.
decemviratus -us, m. (decemvir), the office
or dignity of a decemvir, Cic.
deceits -entis, p. ad j. with compar. and superl.
(decet), 1, seemly, becoming, decent; amictus,
Ov. ; quid verum atque deeens euro atque rogo,
Hor. ; 2, well-formed, handsome, comely; facies,
forma, Ov. ; malae, Hor.; Venus, Hor.
decentia -ne, f. (decet), wnw.'f'vss, decency;
flguraruin venustas atque ordo, et at ita dicam,
decentia, Cie.
decerno •crSvi -cretum, 3. I, to deride. A.
jvacefutly ; 1, qui sine multibus tt pedibus con-
starc deum posse decreverunt, Cic. ; 2, a, (0 decide
judiciidly; quod istealiteratqneedixisset decrev-
isset,Cic; b .of the senate, etc., orof individual
members of the senate, to decree, propose ; si hie
ordo {tlis sejiate.) plnccre decreverat te ire in
exsilium, obtenipeiaturum te esse dieis, Cic. ;
pecunias ad teinplum momimentumque alicuius,
Cic; D. Junius Silanus primus sententiani ro-
gatus BUpplicium suincnuuin decreverat. Sail. ;
senntti8 decrevit, darent operam consnles, ne
quid respublica detriment! caperet, Sail. ; alicui
triuniphuni.Cic; 3, to decide in a host He manner;
decernerepugnam, Liv.; proelium, Cic. ; decern-
ere annis, Cic. ; crastino die bene jnvantibus diis
acie decernamtts, Liv. II, to resolve, form a
resolution, settle; gen. with Infill., Caesar his
de causis Rhennm transire decreverat, Cues. ;
decreram cum eo familiariter vivere, Cic. (syn-
cop. perf. forms, decrerim, decreram, decrero,
decresset, decrcsse).
decerpo -eerpsi -eerpttun, 3. A. Lit., to
pluck off, pluck away ; arbore pomum, Ov. II.
1, transf., humanus animus decerptus ex mente
divina, a scion of, Cic; 2, to take away; ne
quid jocus de gravitate decerperet, Cic.
decertatio -onis, f. (decerto), a contest;
harniu reruni omnium, Cic.
decerto, 1. to contend, struggle vehemently,
fight to a decision ; proeliis cum acerrimis nati-
onibns, Cic. ; pugna, Caes. ; armis, Caes.; mecum
contentione dieendi is locus, ubi Demosthenes
et Ae.schines inter se decertare soliti sunt, Cic. ;
qua de re jure decertari oporteret, annis non
contendere, Cic.
, decesslo -Onis, f. (decedo), a going away,
departure (opp. aceessio). A, Gen., tua decessio,
Cic B. Ksp. 1, the departure of a governor from,
his province at the expiration of his year of
Office, Cic; 2, lessening, diminution ; non enim
tarn cumulus bonoruni jucundus esse potest
quani molesta discessio, Cic.
decessor -oris, m. (decedo), one who retires
from an office, a predecessor ; successori decessor
invidit, Cic.
decessus -us, in. (decedo), a going away,
departure, I. Gen., Dionysii, Nep. II. Ksp.
A, the retirement of a magistrate from office;
post M. Bruti decessum, Cic. B. 1, death ;
amicorum, Cic. ; 2, of water, ebb ; aestus, Cues.
decet -Ctllt, 2. (root DEC or DIC, whence
also djgnus), it becomes, it Jit?. A. Lit., quein
decet mulienris ornatus, Cic. ; quern tenues de-
cnere togae nitidique capilli, Hor. B. Trojisf.,
it beseems, it is fitting, it suits; id enim niaxime
quemque decet, quod est cuiusque niaxime
suuin, Cic; et quod decet honestum est et
quod honestum est decet, Cic. ; oratorem irasci
minime decet, Cic. ; with infln., exemplis grand i-
oribus decuit uti, Cic ; absol., quo majorein
spem habeo nihil fore aliter ac deceat, Cic.
Decetia -ae, f. a toivn of the Aedui on the
Liger, now Decize.
1. decido -cidi, 3. (de and cado), to fall
down; absol. or with ex, ab, de, or abl. alum'.
A. Lit., 1, of things, a, of water, si decidit
imber, Hor. ; b, of tilings that fall naturally,
poma, si inatura et cocta, decidunt, Cic ; tig.,
licta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt,
Cic; o, of buildings, to faUdmon; celsae graviore
casu decidunt turres, Hor.; 2, of persons, a,
decidere equo, Caes. ; in praeceps, headlong, Ov.;
tig., ex astris decidere, to fall from the height of
happiness, Cic. ; b ? to die; scriptor abhinc annus
centum qui decidit, Hor. B. Transf., to sink,
fall ; postquam a spe societatis Prusiae decidit,
Liv.; in banc fraudem tuam tain scelestam ac
tarn nefarinm decidisti, Cic.
2. decido -cidi -eisum, 3. (de and caedr)). A.
Lit., to hew off, cut. off; anres, Tac. ; pennas,
Hor. B. Transf., a, to cut short; post deeisa
negotia, Hor. ; b, to decide or determine a dis-
pute; quibus omnibus rebus actis atque decisis,
Cic; per te, C. Aquili, decidit P. Quinetius quid
liberis eiusdissolveret, Cic; sine mecum Flavio
decidisti, Cic.
decies (-iens), adv. (decern), ten times, Cic
decima (decuma) -ae, f. (deeimus), a tenth
port, tithe ; a, as an ottering to the gods, Oresti
nuper prandia in seinitis decnmae nomine magno
lionori fUerunt, Cic. ; b, a tax paid by land-
owners in the provinces ; deeinia hordei, Cic.
decimanus (deciimanus) -a -um (dec-
inius, deeuinus). I, 1, relating to Hie provincial
tax of a tenth; ager, the land paying a tenth, C\c;
frnmentnm, a tithe of corn, Cic. ; subst., decim-
anus -i, in. the farmer of nucha tax, Cic. ; niulier
dcciiuana or simply decimana -ae, f. (sarcasl i-
eally), the wife of a farmer of the taxes, Cic ; 2,
milit. t. t., a, belonging to the tenth legion, Tac. ;
b, belonging to the tenth cohort; porta, the gate.
of a Roman camp farthest from the enemy, so
called because the tenth cohorts of the legions
were there stationed. II. Meton., large, im-
mense ; acipenser, ap. Cic
decimo (decumo), 1. (deeimus) to select
every tenth man for punishment, to decimate, Suet.
deeimus (deciimus) -a -uni. A. Lit., the
tenth, Cie. ; adv., decimuin, for the, tenth time,
Liv. B. Meton., large, vast, great ; unila, Ov.
Subst., decimum -i, n. tenfold; ager efflcit or
efl'ert cum decimo, Cic.
decipio -cSpi -ceptum, 3. (de and capio). I.
d-c
153
dec
to client, cozen, deceive; noveii) homines honest-
issinms, Cic ; exspectationes, Cic. II. Esp. of
time, tu beguile ; sic tameu absumo deeipioque
diem, Ov.
decisio -cmis, f. (2. decido), a decision ; de-
cisionem facere, Cic.
Deems -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which, P. Decius Mus,
father and son, devoted- tlteneselves to death in
battle to save the state.
declamatio -onis, f. (declamo), 1, loud,
violent speaking, declamation ; non placet mill]
declamatio (candidati)potius quam persalutatio,
Cic. ; 2, practice in oratory ; quotidiana, Cic.
declamatorius -a -um (declamator), relat-
ing to declamation, declamatory, rhetorical, Cic.
declamito, 1. (freii. of declamo), a, to speak
loudly, declaim; Graece apud Cassium, Cic. ; b,
to 2>ractise ; causas, to plead for the sake of
practice, Cic.
declamo, 1. 1, to speak loudly and violently ;
contra me, to declaim against, Cic; 2, to practise
speaking in public; a, intra r, sit., ad Huctum
aiunt declamare solitum Demosthenem, Cic;
b, transit., to declaim; quae mitai iste visus est
ex alia oratione declamare, quam in alium reum
connuentaretur, Cic.
deolaratlO -onis, f. (declaro), a declaration,
revealing; animi tui, Cic.
declaro, 1. to make clear or distinct, reveal,
declare. A. Lit., a, praesentiam saepe divi suam
declarant, Cic. ; b, to declare, pronounce, pro-
laim; aliquem consulem, Cic; Nuuia declaratus
rex, Liv, B. transf., to explain, make clear, de-
clare; a, volatibus avium res futuras deelarari,
Cic; with infill., quod pluriniis locis perora-
tiones nostrae voluisse nos atquc auimo con-
tendisse declarant, Cic. ; with relat. sent., de-
claravit quanti inc faccret, Cic ; absol., res
dctfarat, Cic; b, to signify, mean; verba idem
declarantia, synonyms, Cic
declinatio -onis, f. (declino). A. Lit., a
bending away, a turning aside; tuas petitiones
parva quadam declinatione effugi, Cic. ; declin-
atio atomi, Cic B. Transf., a, an avoiding,
declining, turning away from; appetitio et de-
clinatio naturalis, Cic. ; b, rhefc t. t., a digres-
sion, declinatio brevis a proposito, Cic.
declino, 1. to bend aside, turn away. I. Gen.,
A. Lit., a, transit., si quo ego inde agnien de-
clinare voluissem, Liv. ; b, intransit., Cumanae
cohortes declinavere paululum, Liv. ; declinare
de via, Cic. ; esp. of atoms, declinare dixit
atonnun perpaulum, Cic B. Transf., 1, transit.,
ut declinet a proposito deflectatque sententiam,
Cic. ; 2, intransit., a, de statu suo, Cic. ; a reli-
gione officii, Cic; b, of orators, writers, to di-
yress ; aliquantum a proposito, Cic. II. to avoid,
shun; 1, lit., urbem unam mihi amoenissimam,
Cic. ; 2, transf., vitia, Cic.
declivis -e (de and clivus), bent or inclined
downwards, sloping; collis aequaliter declivis
nil flumeii, Caes. ; ripa, Ov. Subst, declivc
-is, n. a declivity; per declive se recipcrc, Caes.
declivitas -iitis, r'. (declivis), a declivity,
Caes.
decoctor -oris, ni. (decoquo), a spendthrift,
bankrupt, Cic
decollo, 1. (de and collum), to behead, Suet.
decolor -oris, discoloured. A. Lit., decolor
ipse suo sanguine Khenus, Ov. B. Transf., de-
teriorated; deterior paulatim ac decolor aetas,
Verg.
decoloratio -onis, f. (decoloro), a discolour-
i*g, Qift ' . '
decoloro, 1. (decolor), to discolour: quod
mare Dauuiae mm decoloravere caedes, Hor.
decoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. I. to boil; olus,
Hor. II. A. Lit., of metals, to melt away ; pars
quarta argenti decocta erat, Liv.; tig..suavitas
decocta, insipid, washy, Cic B. Transf., absol.,
to become bankrupt; tenesne inemoria piaetext-
atum te decoxisse? Cic.
decor -oris, m. (decct), 1, grace, elegance;
mobilibus decor naturis dandus et annis, Hor.;
2, beauty; te decor iste, quod optas,esse vetat,Ov.
decore, adv. (decorus), 1, properly, fitly,
becomingly ; ad rerum dignitatem aptc et quasi
decore loqui, Cic. ; 2, beautifully, Cic poet.
decoro, 1. (decus^. A. Lit., to adorn, de-
corate; oppidum monumentis, Cic; templanovo
saxo, Hor. B. Transf., to honour; quein populus
Romanus singularibus honoribus decorasset,
Cic. ; liaec omnia vitae decorabat dignitas et
integritas, Cic.
decorus -a -um (decor). A. fitting, seemly,
becoming, decorous; with infin., utvix satis dec-
orum videretur eum plurcs dies esse in Crassi
Tusculano, Cic. ; with dat, color albus praecipue
decorus deo est, Cic; with ad, ad omatum
decorus, Cic. Subst, decorum -i, h. what
is fitting, fitness, propriety; irpinov appellant
hoc Graeci, nos dicamus sane decorum, Cic.
B. beautiful, graceful, handsome, adorned; aedes,
facies, Hor. ; anna, Sail.
decrepitus -a -um, very old, infirm, de-
crepit ; aetas, Cic.
decresco -crevi -cretum, 3. to lessen, become
gradually smaller, decrease; ostreis et eonchyliis
omnibus contingerc, ut cum luna paritev cresc-
ant pariterquc decrcscant, Cic ; decrescentia
liuiiiina, Hor.; cornua decrcscuut, become smaller
and smaller, disappear, Ov. ; tantum animorum
nobis in dies decrescit, Liv.
decretum :i, n. (decerno), 1, a resolve, re-
solution, decree; consulis, Liv. ; senatus, Cic;.
decreta facere, Cic. ; 2, philosoph. t. t. —
Soyfia, doctrine, principle, Cic.
decumanus, v. decimanus.
decumates -Ivan (decinius), relating to
tithes ; agri, lands on, which the tithe or land-tax
was paid, Tac
decumbo -cubui, 3. (dc and * cumbo), 1, to
lie down, cither to sleep or at table, Cic ; 2, to
fall, fall doivn, used of a vanquished gladiator,
Cic.
decuria -ae, f. (decern), 1, a body of ten men,
Varr. ; 2, a class, division, esp. of jurors ; jud-
icum, Cic ; scribarum, Cic.
decuriatio -onis, f. (1. decurio), a dividing
into decuriae, Cic.
decuriatus -us, m. (1. decurio), a dividing
into decuriae, Liv.
1. decurio, 1. (decuria), to divide into bodies
often; cquites decuriati, centuriati pedites con-
jurabant, Liv. ; decuriare tribules, Cic
2. decurio -onis, ni. (decuria), 1, the captain
of a body often; decurio equltum Galloruni,
Caes.; 2, a senator of a inunicipium orcolonia,
Cic
decurro -curri (more rarely -cinurri) -cur-
sum, 3. I. Lit., to run down, hasten down;
summa decurrit ab arce, Verg. : ad naves, Caes. ;
decurro rus, Cic ; esp., 1, milit. t. t., to make an
evolution towards a lower place; a, ill practice
or at a festival, to manamvre, charge; pedites
ordinatos instruendo et ducurrendo signa sequi
et gervaro ordines docujt, Liv.; mos erat lustra-
tionis sacro peracto decurrere excrcitum, Liv. ;
b, to charge the enemy, to run down; ex Capi-
foljo in Jinstem, Liv.; ex oinnibus partibus.
dec
154
ded
Gaes. ; 2, to run inn race, run towards the goal;
nunc viileo calcein, nil quam quum .sit dccursum,
niliil sit praeterea extimesceiiduin, Cic ; quasi
decurso spatio, Cic. ; 3, of ships, to sail ; ego
puto te bellissime cum quaestore Mescinio de-
euisuium, Cic. ; 4, of water, to run down;
mnnte decurrens vclut amnis, Hor. II. Transf.,
a, to hare, recourse to, take refuge in; decurreve
ad istam cohortationem, Cic. ; ad miserus pieces,
Hor.; b, to finish; prope acta jam actatc decur-
saque, Cic. ; inceptum una decurrc laborem,
Verj,'. ; q«''<e abs te brcviter de uvbe decursa
sunt, treated, Cic.
decursio -onis, f. (decurro), a military
evolution or manoeuvre, charge, ap. Cic.
decursus -us, m. (decurro). I. Lit., a
running down; in rus decurro atque in decursu,
Cic. ; esp., 1, milit. t. t.; a, a manoeuvre; alios
decursu edere motus, Liv. ; b, a charge, attack ;
subitus ex collibus decursus, Liv. ; 2, of water,
running down; aquarum, Ov. II. Transf., the
completion of an office; decursu lionorum, after
filling every jntblic office, Cic.
decurto, 1. to cut off, ahridge, curtail;
transf., of discourse, mutila sentit quaedam et
quasi decurtata, Cic.
decilS -oris, n. (decet), that which adorns or
bcantifies, an ornament, lwnour, glory, grace.
I. Gen., A. Lit, a, of things, decora atque
ornaments fanorum, Cic. ; hoininis decus ingen-
iuin, Cic; civitatis dignitatem et decus sustiri-
ere, Cic; b, of persons, pride, glory; imperii
Romani decus ac lumen (of Pompey), Cic. B.
Meton., esp. plur., decora, exploits in roar, Liv. ;
renowned ancestors, Tac. II. Philosoph. t. t.,
moral dignity, virtue, Cic.
decusso, 1. (decussis, the intersection of two
lines), to divide ci-oss-wise in the shape of the
letter X, Cic.
decutio -cussi -cussuin, 3. (de and quotio).
to shake down, shake off, throw down, knock off.
I. Lit., papavcrum capita, baculo, Liv. ; rorem,
^erg. ; turrea fulminibus, Liv. ; ariete decussi
ruebant muri, Liv. II. Transf., cetera actatc
.jam sunt decussa, laid aside, ap. Cic.
dedecet -decilit, 2. it is unbecoming, un-
suitable to, unfitting, gen. with a negative. A.
Lit., neque te ministrum dedecet myrtus neque
me, etc., Hor. B. Transf., it is unseemly, un-
fitting; with infin., simulare non dedecet, Cic;
falli, errare, labi, tain dedecet quam, etc., Cic;
of persons, to dishonour ; Pomuonins Atticus
Claudiorum imagines dedecere videbatnr, Tac.
dedecor -oris, adj. unseemly, shameful, vile,
f*all._
dedecoro, 1. (dedecus), to dishonour, bring
sluime upon; sc llagitiis, Hall. ; et-urbis auetorit-
atem et magistri, Cic.
,:,
dedecorus -a -Ulll, shameful, dishonourable,
Tac_
dedecus -oris, n. shame, dislionovr, disgrace.
1. Gen., A. Lit., alicni dedocori esse or fieri, to
bring sluime upon, Cic. ; dedecus conciperc. Cic.
B. Meton., the crime, cause of disgrace; nullo
dedeoore se abstinerc, Cic ; dedecora militiae
nlicui objiccre, dislionourable conduct in the field,
Liv. II. Esp., philosoph. t. t., evil, vice (opp.
deens), Cic
dedicatio -onis, f. (dedico), ft consecration,
dedication; aedis, Liv.
dedioo, 1. to declare ; 1, natnrain eius, Lucr. ;
2, to muke a return of property to the censor;
haec praedin in consu, Cic. ; 2, to consecrate, dedi-
cate a templr; triiiplum alicni, Cic; Junonem, to
dedicate the temple. nf Juno, Cic.
dedlgnor, 1. dep. to disdain, scorn, reject as
Unworthy i dedignari myrltmn, Ov.; {fajniulcs
maritos, as husbands, Verg. ; with intin., solll-
citnre, Ov.
dedisco -didlci, 3. to unlearn, forget ; numen
disciplinamque populi Roinani, Caes. ; with
in tin., eloquentia loqui paene dediscit, Cic
dedlticiUS -a -urn (deditio), relating to
capitulation '■ or surrender; plur., dediticii, the
subjects of Rome, those who had surrendered un-
conditionally or had no rights (opp. SOCii), Cars.
deditio -onis (dedo), surrender, capitulation ;
aliquem in deditionem accipere, Caes. ; in dedi-
tionem venire, Liv. ; facere deditionem, Caes. :
compellere in deditionem, Liv. ; deditionis con-
ditio, Liv. ; agere de deditione, to treat, Caes. ;
fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv.
deditus -a -uni (p. adj. with com par. and
BUperl.), given to, devoted to, :calous for, addicted
to; Coepio nimis equestri ordini deditus, Cic. ;
adolescentulus miriliee studiis deditns, Cic. ;
nimis voluptatibus esse deditum, Cic. ; ventri
atque soinno deditus, Sail.
dedo -didi -ditnm, 3. I. Lit. to give up ; a,
aliquem ad supplieium, Liv. ; aliquem telis
militum, Cic. ; aliquem trucidatidum populo
Romano, Liv.; b, of the conquered, to give up,
surrender; esp., dedere se, or pass, as middle,
dedi, to surrender; dedere se populo Romano,
Caes.'; se in arbitrium ditionemque populi
Romani, Liv. ; sc suaquc omnia Caesari, Caes.
II. Transf. to give up to, dedicate, devote; aures
suas poetis, Cic. ; hliam libidini Ap. Claudii,
Cic. ; se, to devote oneself, give up oneself to ; se
totum Catoni, Cic. ; se ci studio, Cic. ; dedita
opera, designedly, intentionally, Cic.
dedoceo, 2. to cause to unlearn, to mitcach ;
aut docendus is est aut dedocendus, Cic ; virtus
populum falsis dedoeet uti vocibns, teaches them
not to use, Hor.
dedoleo -dolui, 2. to make an end of griev-
ing, Ov.
dediico -du\i -ductuin, 3. I. to lead or bring
down. A. Lit., 1, aliqneiu de rostris, Caes. ;
ramos pondere suo, to weigh down, Ov. ; pectine
crlnes, to comb down, Ov. ; 2, milit. t.t., to lead
down; aciem in planum, Sail. ; 3, naut. t.t., a,
to spread sail ; tota carbasa malo, Ov. ; b, to
drag a ship down to the sea; naves in aquain,
Liv. ; 4, of enchantment, to bring down; Jovem
caelo, Ov. B. Transf.', to reduce; universitatem
generis humani ad singulos, Cic II. to lexd
away. A. Lit., 1, aliquem ex ca via, Cic. ; ali-
quem in areem, Liv. ; deducere atonios de via,
Cic; 2, milit. t.t. to remove; prnesidia de iis
bppidis, Cic. ; legiones in hiberua. Caes. ; 3, to
conduct, escort, accompany a person; a, to an
audience, transfuga deductua (se) traditurum
IH'bem promittir, Liv. ; b, to accompany a person
from the. provinces to Jlome ; aliquem secuin Ro-
maul, Liv. ; aliquem deducere ex ultimis genti-
bus, Cic ; c, to take to a house as a guest ; aliquem
ad Janitorem quemdam hospitein, Cic. ; d, to take
under an escort or guard; deducere Lentulum
in carcerem, Sail. ; e, to accompany (as a sign
of respect) a statesman from his house to the forum
or senate; haec ipsa sunt honorabilia assnrgi,
deduci, reduci, Cic. ; magnam affert opinionem,
magnam dignitatem quotidiana in dedueendo
frequentia, Cic; aliquem ad forum, Cic ; f, U
accompany a bride to the house of a bridegroom ',
virginein ad aliquem, Liv. ; 4, to lead forth,
conduct colonists, to found a colon)/; coloiliam,
Cic; dedacere colonos lege Julia Capuain, Caes.;
5, to bring before " court of hue ; aliquem ad hoo
judicium, Cic. ; 0, of water, to bring; aquam
AUmnam ad ntilitatcm ngri suburban!, Cic. ; 7,
to dispossess ; exca possessione Antioclium, Liv.;
esp. as legal 1. 1., moribns deducere ; In make an
entry on land for (he sofa of IwMvg the right H
ded
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def
possession tried ; aliquem de fumlo (with or with-
out inoribus), Cic. B. Transf., a, to lead away
from, turn away from; aliqueui ab humanitate,
Oic; aliquem tie seutentia, Cic ; b, of things,
to bring to ; deducero vein ad anna, Caes. ; c, to
derive one's oriijin ; nomen ab Anco, ()v. C. a,
to deduct, subtract ; centuin nuinmos, Cic. ; b,to
spin; levi pullice liluin, Ov. ; transf., to compose
(of writing), tenui deducta poemata lilo, Hor.
deductio -onis, f. (deduco), a leading down.
I. Gen., 1, the quartering or billeting of soldiers;
in oppida uiilitum crudelis et misera dednetio,
Cic.; 2, « conducting of colonists, a colonising ;
quae erit in istos agios dcductio, Cic.; 3, a ficti-
tious ejectment from disputed property, Cic. ; 4,
a bringing down of water ; rivormu a fonte, Cic.
II. a lessening, deduction, Cic.
deductor -oris, in. (deduco), a client or
friend wlio accompanies a candidate, ap. Cic.
deductus -a -um, p. adj. with cqmpar. (de-
duco), thin, fine, slender; carmen, light, unam-
bitious, Verg.
deerro 1. to wander from the right path, lose
■one's way. A. Lit., in itinera, Cic. ; in navi-
gandoa ceteris, Sail. B. Transf., magno opcre
a vero lenge, Lucr.
defatigatio -Gnis, f. (defatigo), weariness,
fatigue; membroruin, Cic. ; hostiuni, Caes.
defatigo, 1. to weary, fatigue, tire ; a, phy-
sically, exercitum quotidianis itineribns, Caes. ;
gen. in partic pass., defatigutis in vicein integri
sucecdunt, Caes. ; b 7 mentally, te nee animi
neque corporis labonbus defatigari, Cic. ; non
niodo censores, sod etiain judices oinnes potest
defatigare, Cic.
defatiscor = defetiscor (q.v.).
defectio -onis, f. (deficio), 1, a desertion,
defection, rebellion ; a, lit.,defectio a populo Ro-
mano, Cic; facere defeotionem, Liv.; sollicitare
aliqnem ad defectioriem, Liv. ; socioruin, Cic. ;
b, transf., a tota ratione defectio, Cic. ; 2, aceas-
iujj, failure, vanishing,, disappearing ; a, virium,
Cic. ; b, of light, defectiones solis et lunae,
eclipses, Cic. ; c, weakness; defectio manifesto,
Tac.
defector -oris, m. (deficio), a rebel, deserter,
Tac.
1. defectus -a -um, partic. of deficio.
2. defectus -us, in. (deficio), a failing, ceas-
ing, disappearing ; a, aquarum, Liv. ; b, a fail-
ing of light, eclipse ; lunae, Cic.
defendo -fendi -fensum, 3. (de and * fendo).
I. to repel, repulse, ward off, drive away ; defend-
ere ictus ac repellere, Caes. ; niinios solis ardores
(from the vines), Cic; defendere civiuiu pericula,
Cic. ; proximus a teetis ignis defenditur aegre,
Ov. II. to defend, protect, guard, watch over.
A. rompublicani, Cic. ; se telo, Cic. ; vitam ab
inimicorum audacia telisque, Cic. ; castra,
Caes. ; senatum contm Autoniuin, Cic. B. In
writing or speaking, to defend ; 1, a, acta ilia
Caesaris, Oic. ; se adversus populum Romanuni,
Oic. ; b, (a) to defend before a court of law, Sex.
Rosclum parricitUi reum,Cic; defendere crimen,
to defend a person on a charge of, etc. ; defendere
crimen istius conjurationis, Cic. ; aliqueui de
ambitu, on a charge of, Cic. ; aliquein in capitis
perioulo, Cic. ; (ji) to maintain or assert in de-
fence ; id laliorum oxempla se fecisse defendit,
Cic; c, to maintain o proposition or statement;
defendore sententiain, Cic. ; 2, transf. to sustain
a part; vicem rhetoris atque poetae, Hor. ;
defendere commune otticium censurae, Cic.
dofencro, 1. to plunge into debt ; iliinissiones
libertoruin ad defenerandas diripiendasque pro-
vincias, Cic.
dgfQnsjo -Onis, f, (<lu|'o!iilo), a defence; a, by
arms, castrorum, Caes.; b, in speech or writing,
defeusio miseroriiin.Cic; id ad suain defeusiou-
em offerre, Cic; defensionem alicuius or alicuius
rei suscipere, Cic. ; c, the speecli or writing itself,
defence; defensionem causae suae scribere, Gic.
defensito, 1. (freq. of defenso), to be wont to
defend, defend frequently; causas, Cic; hace non
acrius accusavit in sonectute quam antea defens-
itaverat, Cic
defenso, 1. (intens. of defendo), to protect,
defend ; Italici, quorum virtute nioenia defensa-
bantur, Sail.
defensor .-oris. in. (defendo), 1, one who
wards off or averts ; periculi, Cic; 2, a defender;
a, in war, mums defensoribus nudatus, Caes. ;
b, a defender, protector ; esp. in a court of law,
adoptare sibi aliqueui defensorem sui juris, Cic;
fieri defensorem alicuius, Cicl/
defcro -tttli -latum -ferre. I. to bring, tear,
carry down. A. Gen. amoeno ex Helicone per-
ennij -nde coronain, Lucr. ; esp., a, of rivers,
te car i down with them; excipere dolia quae
amnis Jefert, Liv. ; b, to change, remove to a
lower place; aedes suas sub Veljam, Cic; acies
in caiupos delata est, Liv. B. Esp. to carry
down, bear down with violence; rui.na tota pro-
lapsa acies in praeceps deferri, Liv. ; praeceps
aerii specula de montis in undas deferor, Verg.
IL to bear or bring from one place to another.
A. Lit., 1, gen., a, ad ciusasjudicia jam facta
domo, Cic ; commeatum in viam, Liv. ; alicui
epistolam, Cic ; b, polit. t.t., deferre sitellam,
de M. Octavio, to bring the balloting-box for voting,
i.e. to havethe vote Uikenabout, etc, Cic. ; deferre
ex aerario or in aerarium, to bring from or to the
treasury (where the standards, decrees of the
senate, public accounts, etc., wero.kept), Liv.;
deferre r»tioncs, to give in the accounts, Cic ;
deferre censuin Romam, to send the census-lists
from the colonies to Rome, Liv.; 2, esp., a, to take
away violently from one place to another, to drive,
cemvj ; hie rumor est Asinium delatum (esse)
vivum in mauus milituiu, Cic; b. as naut. t.t.
to drive away, carry, aliqnem ex alto ignotas ad
terras et in desertum litus, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
to offer, hand over, refer; si quid petet, ultro
defer, Hor. ; alicui praemium dignitatis, Cic. ;
totins belli summa ad luiiic omnium voluntate
defcrtur, Caes. ; rem ad amicos, Cic. ; rem ad
senatum, Cic. ; 2, to communicate, report, tell;
deferre falsum equitum numerum, Caes. ; vehe-
menter te esse sollicitum multi ad nos quotidie
deferunt, Cic; esp., a, as legal t.t., nomen ali-
cuius, or alicuius rei, or nomen alicui, to inform
against, to set a prosecution on foot; deferre nomen
venefici cuiusdam, Cic. ; deferre crimen, to bring
a charge, Cic. ; deferre aliquid, or de aliqua re,
or de aliquo, to inform, Cic. ; deferre aliquem, to
accuse, Tac. ; b, polit. t.t., ad aerarium deferre,
to register; nomina judicum, Cic; aliquem in
beneliciis ad aerarium deferre, or simply deferre
aliquem, to recommend for reward, Cic.
defervesco -fervi or -ferbul, 3. to eeaie
boiling; of the heat of passion, to cease to rage,
diminish in violence; quum adolescentiae cupid-
itatos defervissent, Cic.
defessus, v. defetiscor.
def6tiscor (defatiscor) -fessus, 3. dep.
to become tired, grow weary ; gen. found in perf.
partic, defessus -a -um, weary, tired; defessus
cultu agrorum, Cic.
def ioio -feci -fectuin 3. (de and facio). I.
Intiiinsit. or redox., l f to rebel, revolt; a, lit.,
ab rcge, Sail.; a republica, Cic; ad Poonos, to go
over to the Carthaginians, Liv. ; b, transf., ab
ninicitia, Cic; a virtute, Liv. ; 2, to fail, cease,
become less ; a, of the sun or moon, to become
cdiiisnl; gol <]eflcjen8, Cic; of fire, togocntt; Ubi
def
156
def
fgnom deficere extremuiu vidcbat, Vcrg. ; of
water, to retire, fail ; utcumque exaestuat ant de-
ficit mare, flows or ebbs, lav.; deflciunt lacsi car-
mine fontta aquae, Ov. ; b, of number, quantity,
etc. to become less, fail; non materia, non fru-
mentui'i tletlcere poterat, Caes. ; nee vero levi-
tatis Athcniensium exelnpla deticiunt, Cic; c,
of time, to fail, to be too short for ; dies deliciat,
si velim paupertatis causam defenderc, Cic; d,
of strength, etc. to fail, become weak; ne vox
viresquedeticerent, Cic. ; nisi meraoria defecerit,
Cic; etsiinul lassitudine et procedente jam die
fame etiam deticerc, Liv. ; aniino deficere, to lose
heart, Caps., Cic. ;absol. tobe disheartened ; neuna
plaga accepts, patres conscripti conciderent, ne
deficorent, Cic. II. Transit., a. act., to abandon,
leave, foil; quoniam me Leontina civitas atque
legatio propter earn quam dixi causam deficit,
Cic; ipsosres frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.;
dolor me non deficit, Cic ; b, pass, defici. to be
abandoned by, to be wanting in; defici a \i.ibns,
Caes.; rnulierabundat audacia.consilioetrationc
deficitur, Cic ; sanguine defecti artus, bloodless,
Ov. _
defigo -fixi -fixum, 3. to fix or fasten into. I.
Lit., sudes sub aqua, Caes. ; sicam in consulis
corpore, Cic; tellure hastas, Verg. II. Transf.,
a ? to fix the eyes or the mind on something ; omnes
vigilias, curas, cogitationes in reipublicae salute
detigere, Cic; Libyaedefixitluininaregnis.Verg. ;
incogitatione defixum esse, to be deep in thought,
Cic ; b, to make fast; virtus est una altissimis
radicibus defixa, Cic ; c, to fix in amazement,
make motionless with astonishment, etc. ; defix-
erat pavorcum admiratione Gallos, Liv.; partic,
defixus, motionless with astonishment, fear, etc. ;
quuin sllentio defixi stetissent, Liv. ; d, to im-
print firmly; in oculis omnium sua furfa atque
tlngitia defixurus sum, Cic. ; e, religious t.t. to
declare, denounce; quae augur in.juste, nefasta,
vitiosa, dira deflxerit, Cic ; f, of enchantment,
to bind by a sjiell, to curse, regis Iolciacis animuin
deflgero votis, Vcrg.
deflngo -tinxi -Actum, 3. to form, mould,
fashion, Hor.
definio, 4. to inclose within limits, to bound.
A. Lit. eius fundi extremam partem oleae di-
recto ordine definiunt, Cic B. Transf., 1, to
fix, define, determine; ii qui mala dolore, bona
voluptate definiunt, Cic ; esp. a, logical t.t. to
define, give a definition of; rein definire verbis,
Cic. ; b, to fix; suum cuique locum, Caes. ; 2,
to confine within limits, restrain ; non vagabitur
oratio mea longius atque eis fere ipsis detinietur
viris, etc., Cic.
definite, adv. with superl. (defiuitus), defi-
nitely, distinctly; lex Gellia et Cornelia quae
definite ]>otestatem Fompcjo civitatem donandi
dederat, Cic
def initio -onis, f. (definio), a definition ; a,
verborum omnium dellnitiones, Cic; b, a. fix-
ing ; judieiorum aequorum, Cic.
dof initlVUS -a -am (definio), relating to defi-
nition or explanation, exjdanatory ; constitutio,
Cic
dof InitUS -a -um, p. adj. (from definio), defi-
nite, distinct; constitutio, Cic ; causa, Cic.
def io -fieri, pass, of deflcio, to fail ; num-
quamne causa delict, cur victi pacto non stetis,
Liv. ; lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore
deflt, Vcrg.
dcfiagrdtlo -onis, f. (deflagro), a burning,
consuming by fire ; tcrrarum, Cic
deflagro, 1. to be burnt down, to be consumed
by fire. A. Lit, qunm curia Saliorum della-
grasset, Cic. ; Phaethon ictu fulminis defla-
gravit, Cic. ; part, pass., dcflagratus, consumed,
CiC, B, Transf., t n cease burning, U) abate, cool ;
interduin spes nnimnm subibat deflsgrare iras
vestras, Liv. ; dcllagrante paulatim seditione,
Tac
deflecto -flexi -flexum, 3. I. Transit., A.
Lit., a, to bend down; tenerum prono pondere
corpus, Cat. ; b, to turn aside ; anines in alinni
cursiun, Cic B. Transf., declinarc a proposito
et deflectere sententiam, Cic II. Intransit., to
turn aside, turn, away ; a, de via, Cic ; a verit-
ate, Cic ; b, of speech, to digress; oratio redeat
illuc undo deflexit, Cic.
defleo -flevi -Actum, 2. 1, to bewail, weep fur ;
impendentes casus inter sc, Cic ; alicuius mor-
tem, Cic; 2, to speak with tears; haec ubi do-
flevit, Verg.
defloresco -florui, 3. A. Lit., to shed blos-
som., to fade; idem (flos) quuin tenui carptus
defloruit ungui, Cat. B. Transf., to lose bloom,
wither; cum corporibus vigere et doflorescere
animos, Liv.; meton., ainores mature et eeler-
iter detlorescunt, Cic.
defluo -fluxi, 3. I. to flow down. A,
Lit., a, of water, etc, sudor a capite, Cic;
humor saxis, Hor.; Hhenus in plures defluit
partes, Caes. ; b, of things not liquid, to float ;
dolia medio amni defluxerunt, Liv. ; to swim
down; secundo amni, Verg. ; to soil down ; cum
paucis navigiis secundo amni, Liv. B. Transf.,
to fall down, descend, glide down; 1, quuin ipsao
defluebant coronae, Cic. ; of dress, hair, etc., to
fall; pedes vestis defluxit ad imos, Verg,; rustic-
ius tonso toga defluit, Hor. ; of horsemen,
moribundus Romanus labentibus super corjuis
armis ad terrain defluxit, Liv. ; 2, abstr., a,
to be derived ; qnodsi inest in homiiium genere
mens, fides, virtus, Concordia, undo haec in
terras nisi a snperis dcfluerc potuerant, Cic;
b, to fall to the lot of; niultaqiie merces tibi dc-
lluat aequo ab Jove Neptunoque, Hor. ; c, to
change to; a neeessariis artificiis ad elegantiora
deflnximus, Cic. II. to flow away, disappear, he
lost ; a, of hair, etc., exteinplo tristi meuicamine
tactic deiiuxere comae, Ov. ; b, of persons, ex
novem tribunis uuus me absente defluxit, luis
■proved, false to me, Cic ; c, of time, to disappear,
cease; ubi salutatio defluxit? Cic.
defddlo -foui -fossum, 3. I. 1, to dig in, to
cover with earth ; signum septem pedes altuni
in terrain defodi, Liv. ; 2, to conceal by digging,
bury; thesaurum sublecto, Cic; aliquem liumo,
Ov. ; Menucia Vestalis viva defossa est. seelerato
campo, Liv. II. to dig up; terrain, Hor.
deformatio -onis, f. (deformo), a deforming,
disfiguring. I. Lit., corporis et coloriB, Cic.
II. Transf'., tantae majestatis, degradation, Liv.
deformis -e, adj. with compar. and superl.
(de ami forma), I. deformed, misshapen, ugly.
A. Lit., a, of persons or animals, deformed
in body; defonnem Datum esse, Cic; jumenta
parva atque deformia, Caes.; b, of things, ugly,
disgusting ; foeda omnia ac deformia visa, Liv.;
aspectus deformis atque turpis, Cic. B. Transf.,
a, disgraced, disgraceful ; patriae solum deformis
belli malis, Liv.; b, hateful, foul, shameful;
ira, defonne malum, Ov. ; defurme est, foil, by
intin., Cic. II. formless, shapeless; deformes
animae, Ov.
dcformitas -atis, f. (deformis), deformity,
ugliness. I. Lit, corporis, Cic. ; oris, Tac. II.
Transf., disgrace, dishonour ; illius fugae neglig-
entiaeque deformitas, Cic.
1. deformo, 1. to form, fashion, delineate;
transf., ille quern supra defonnavi, whom. I have
formerly described, Cic
2. deformo, 1. (de and forma). A. Lit., to
bring nut of form, and shape, disarrange ; a, of
persons, deformatns corpore, deformed in body
def
167
dej
C!c. ; b, of things, parities nudos a'-, defonnatoa
reliquit, Cic. B. Transf., to disgrace, dislionow ;
victoriam cladc, Li v. ; homo viiiisdelurmatus, Cic.
defraudo, 1. to deceive, defraud, cheat;
allies, Cic. ; aliquem, with abl. of thing, aliqiiem
lie andabata quidem, Cic.
defrenatus -a -uni (de and freno), unbridled,
unrestrained; cui'sus, Ov.
defrico -frici'ii -friefitum, and -frictmn, 1. to
■nth, i ah hiird ; denies, Ov. ; llg., urbem sale
inulto, to satirise, lash, Hor.
defringo -fregi -fractuni, 3. (de and frango),
to break off; lamnm arboris, Cic; ferrutu ab
hasta, Very.
defriitum -i, n. (fordefervitum sc. niustum),
must or new wine boiled down to a sinall portion
of its original quantity, Verg.
defugio -fugi, 3. I. Intransit., to flee away ;
arinis abjectis totum sinistram cornu defugit,
Liv. I|. Transit., to fly from, avoid, get out of
the way of; proeliuin, Caes. ; .judicia, Cic. ; anct-
oritatem consulatns sui, Cic. ; earn disputation-
em, Cic.
defimdo -fudi -fiisuin, 3. to pour down, pour
out ; a, vinuni, Hor. ; anrea frilges Italiae pleno
defnndit Copia cornu, Hor. ; b, to pour a libu,-
tioit ; defunde nieiuni pateris, Hor.
defungor -functus sum, 3. dep. to fin ish, com-
plete, discharge, perform, be relieved of an office or
duty; a, defunctus honoribus, having filled all
public offices, Cic; periculis, Cic; proelio, bello,
Liv. ; laboribns, Hor. ; defuuetum bello barbi-
ton, discharged from the warfare, of lore, Hor.;
b, vita defungi, to die, Verg.; absol., defuncta
(est) virgo Vestalis Laelia, Tac
degener -firis (de and genus). A. Lit., un-
worthy of one's race, not genuine, degenerate ;
Neoptolennis, unworthy of his father, Verg. ; hi
jam degeneres sunt, mixti et Gallograeci vere,
quod appellantur, Liv. B. Transf., morally
degenerate, unworthy, ignoble; patriae non de-
gener artis, Ov. ; non degener ad pericula, Tac. ;
ceteroruni preces degeneres fuere ex metu, Tac.
degenero, 1. (degener). I. Intransit., to be-
come unlike one's race or kind, to fall off, degenerate.
A. Lit., Macedones in Syros Parthos Aegyptios
degenerarunt, Liv. ; poma degenerant sucos ob-
lita priores, Verg. B. Transf., to degenerate mor-
ally ; ab hac perenni contestataque virtute maj-
oi'iiin, Cic; in Persariini mores, Liv. II. Transit.,
a, to cause to degenerate ; ni degeneratuin in aliis
liuic quoque decori offecisset, Liv. ; b, to dis-
honour, stain by degeneracy ; propuiquos, Prop.
dego, degi, 3. (for deiga, from de and ago),
to pass time ; omne tenipus aetatis sine molestia,
Cic; vitam in egestate, Cic; in beatorum insulis
inunortale aevum, Cic. ; senectain turpem, Hor.;
absol., to live; ifle potens sui laetusque deget,
Hor.
degrandinat, impers. it ceases to hail, Ov,
degravo, 1. A. Lit., to press down, oppress ;
degravat Aetna caput, Ov. ; quae (duo millia)
illalis ex transverso signis degravabant prope
circumventum cornu, Liv. B. Transf., to weigh
down, impede, distress; quia vulnus degravabat,
Liv.
degredior -gressus, 3. dep. (de and gradior),
to step, march, walk down ; degressus ex arce,
Liv.; monte, colle, Sail.; in aequum, Liv.; in
canipuin, Liv.; ad pedes, to dismount, Liv.
degusto, 1. A. Lit., to taste ; a, of persons,
inde, Sail.; nee degustanti lotos amara fuit.Ov. ;
b, of things, celeri flamina tigna trabesque (of
fire), to lick, Lncr. ; of a weapon, to graze ;
suinnmm vulnere corpus, Verg. B. Transf., to
try, make a trial of; genus hoc exercitationuni,
Cic; to soiind, eorum, apud quos aliquid agetaut
erit acturus, meiites sensusque degustet, Cic
dehino, adv. from here, hence, henceforth.
I. Of space. A. Lit., Tac. B. Transf., of the
order of succession, hereupon, Hor. II. Of time,
a,, from this time, henceforth ; me L. Tarquinium
Superbuni quacumque dehiuc vi possum exsecu-
turuin, Liv.; b, thereupon; Euruni ad se Ze-
phyrumque vocat ; dehiuc talia fatur, Verg. ;
C, then; corresponding with primum, in the
second place, Sail, (dehinc sometimes one syll-
able, Verg. Ov.).
dehisce- -hivi or-hli, 3. to ga}>e, open, split;
terra dehiscat mini, may the earth swallow me up,
Verg.; dehiscens intervallis hostium acies, Liv.
dehonestamentum -i, n. (dehonesto), a
blemish, deformity, disgrace ; corporis, Sail. ;
amicitiarum, Tac.
dehonesto, 1. todishonour, disgrace; famam,
Tac, Liv.
dehortor, 1. dep. to advise to the contrary,
to dissuade; aliquem, Cic; aliquem ab aliqno,
Sail. ; with inlin., plura scribere dehortatm - me
fortuna, Sail.
Deianira -ae, f. (Ari'idveipa), daughter of
Oeneus, sister of Meleager, wife of Hercules, whose
death slie caused by sending him a garment pois-
oned with the blood of Nessus.
deioio, v. dejicio.
Deidamia -ae, f. (AniAaneia), daughter of
Lycomedes, king in Sqjrus, mother of Pyrrhus by
Achilles.
dein, v. deinde.
deinceps, adv. (dein and capio), one after
another, successively ; a, in space ; ties deinceps
tunes cum ingenti fragore prociderunt, Liv. ; b f
in time; quos (ires iratres) video deinceps tri-
bunos plebis per tiieiiniuin fore, Cic. ; c, in-
order of succession; P. Sulpicius qui deinceps
eum magistratum petiturus putabatur, Cic. ;
corresponding to primus, primum est orflciuni
lit se conservet in naturae statu, deinceps ut,
etc, Cic (deinceps, dissyll., Hor., Sat. ii. 8.80).
deinde and dein (for deim, from de and
locat. sun", -im), adv. a, of space, thereupon,
from that place, ; via tantuin interest perang-
usta, deinde paulo latior pateseit campus, Liv. ;
b, of time, tliereafter, thereupon, then, afterwards;
Cimbrnm Gambrinium statim ad me vocavi,
deinde item accessitur, etc., Cic. ; correspond-
ing with primum, principio (initio), prius, inde,
post, postremo, etc., Caesar primum suo, deinde
omnium ex conspectu reinotis equis, Caes. ; with
other adverbs, turn deinde, Liv. ; deinde postea,
Cic, etc.; c, in narration or order of succession,
then, next; ut a prima congressione maris ac
feminae, deinde a progenie, etc., Cic; corre-
sponding with primum, primum . . . deinde,
Cic. (e; in classical poets, one syllable).
DSIdnldes -ae, m. (ArjiWiS^), son of Deione
and Apollo, i.e., Miletus.
Deiopea -ae, f. (Arj'iontia), one of the nymphs
of Ju no.
Deiphobe -es, f. (Aj)i'<f>dp»|), daughter oj
Glaucv.3.
DeiphSbus -i, m. (Ajjtyoflc*), son of Priam,
husbaml of Helen after the death of Paris.
dejeotlo -5nis, f. (dejicio), a throwing down,
legal t.t. ejectment from property, Cic.
1. dejectus a -urn, p. adj. (from dejicio), 1,
low-lying ; equi tatus noster dejectis locis con-
stiterat, Ca'SSTJ' 2, dispirited, dejected, Verg.
2. dejectus -us (dejicio), 1, a tlvrowing down,
hurling down ; arborum, Liv. ; 2, declivity, de-
pression ; collis, Caes.
ttej
168
dei
dejero — dqjuro (q.v.).
dejicio -jeei -jectnni, o. (de and jacio), to
throne, cast, hurl down, I. Lit A. Gen., aliquein
do polite in Tibcrim, Cic ; libiiiui in mare, Cie.
E. Esp. 1, se dejicerc, or pass, dejici, to rusk
down ; veiiti ab utriusque terrae praealtis numt-
ibus subitl no procellosi se dejiciunt, Liv.; 2, to
throw In the ground; of trees, to fell, Liv. ; of
statues, to throw down, Cic. ; of buildings, to
pull down ; turrim, Caes. ; 3, to throw lots into
an urn ; qiuun dejeeta in id sors essct, Liv. ; 4,
niilit. t.t. to drive from a position. ; nostros loco,
Caes.; 5, pass., dejici, naut. t.t. to br driven away ;
ad inferiorem partem iiisulae, Caes. ; 6, of tlio
liead, eyes, &c. to let fall; de.iecto in pectora
mciito, Ov. ; vultuni, Vcrg.J 7, legal t.t. to eject,
dispossess : aratores, Cic; nliqncin de possessionc
fundi, Cic; 8, to kill; panels dejectis, Caes.
II. Transf., 1 nliqueill de sententia, make a
person change his opinion, Cic. ; 2, a, aliquein
de honore, to deprive, Cic. ; b, uxore dejecta,
carried off, Tac.
Dejotarus -i, m. one of the tetrarchs of Calat-
la, defended by Cicero on a charge of murder.
dejungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to separate, sever,
Tac._
dejuro, 1. to swear solemnly, attest by an oath ;
verbis conceptis dejurare ausim neminem in-
iniicuin tantum molestiae niihi tradidissc, Nep.
delabor -lapsus sum, 8. dep. L to glide
down, fall down, sink; a, signuni de caelo de-
lapsuui, Cic. ; ex equo, Liv. ; b, of a deity, to
come down from heaven; caelo, Verg., Liv. ;
llliquia de caelo delapsus, a person who comes unex-
pectedly to one's assistance, Cic. ; c, of liquids, to
flow down ; ex utraque parte tecti aqua delab-
itur, Cic. II. to glide away, hence 1, to proceed.
from, be derived from ; ilia sunt ab his dclapsa
plura genera (sc. vocuin), Cic. ; 2, to fall away
from the right path, to fall away, to fall, to come
to; a, in eas difticultates, ut etc., Cic. ; in hoc
vitiuin scurrile, Tac. ; b, to digress; neseio quo
pactoad praecipiendi rotionem delapsa est oratio
mea, Cic. ; a sapientium familiaritatibus ad vulg-
ares ainicitias oratio nostra dclabitur, Cic; 3,
to fall into unawares; medios in liostea, Verg.
delamcntor, 1. dep. to bewail, lament; nat-
am adeinptam, Ov.
delasso, 1. to weary, tire out ; cetera de
gencre hoc loquacem delassare valent Fabium,
Hon
delatio -onis, f. (defero), an information
against anyone, accusation, denunciation; no-
minis, Cic. ; absol., dare alicui delationem, Cic.
delator -oris, m. (defero), an accuser, in-
former, spy; criininuin auctores delatoresqne,
Liv. ; niajestatis, of high treason, Tac.
delebllis -n (dcleo), that can be obliterated
or destroyed ; liber, Mart.
delectabilis -e, adj. with eompar. (delecto),
pleasant, delight] id, agreeable; cibus, Tac.
delectamentum -i, n. (delecto), delight,
pleasure, amusement '; inania ista sunt delectam-
cnta puerornni, Cic.
delectatio -onis, f. (delecto), delight, pleas-
ure ; mira quaednni in cognoscendo suavitjis et
delectatio, Cic. ; magnam delectationom habere.
Cic_
delecto, 1. (intens. of delicio), to delight, cause
pleasure or enjoyment ; a. act., Ista me sapientiae
fama delectat, Cic ; with abl. , of the cause, ant
libris me delecto ant ductus numero, Cic. ; with
in and the abl., ille me delectat in omiii gencre,
Cic. ; with Infill., quam delectahat enni defec-
tiones solis ct lnnae multo auto nobis prae-
diccre, Cic. ; b, pass., to take delight in ; with
abl., jumentis, Caes. ; liliola tua te delectari
laetor, Cic. ; crhninibns itiferendis, Cic. ; with
in and the abl., in hac innni prudentiae latide
delector, Cic. ; in hoc adniodum delector, Cic ;
in hoc adniodum delector quod, etc., Cic. ; with
iulin., llor.
delectus -us, m. (l. deligo). I. Gen. a
choosing, choice, selection; verborum, a choice of
language, Cic. ; sine ullo delectn, without any
choice, Cic II. Milit. t.t., a -levy, recruiting of
troops, conscription ; deleetum habere, Cic. ; con-
fieeiv, Liv. ; delectus provincialis, a levy in the
provinces, Vic.
delegatio -onis, f. (2. deligo), an assignment
of a debt ; a mancipo annua die, Cic.
delegO, 1, to transfer, girc in charge, to en-
trust, assign. I. Gen., ad senatum, Liv.; in-
fantem nutricibus, Tac ; hunc labocem alteri,
ap. Cic. II. Esp. 1, mercantile t.t. to assign a
debt or to nominate some one else to pay a debt ;
alicui, Cic. ; 2, to impute, attribute, ascribe a
merit or a fault to any one ; crimen alicui, Cic;
servati consulis decus ad servuin, Liv.
delenimentum -i, n. (delenio), anything
that coaxes, soothes, caresses, a. charm, blandish-
ment; delenimentum aniniis Volani agri divisi-
onem obici, Liv.
delenio, 4. to soothe, win, coa.r, caress, charm;'
mulierem non nuptialibus donis, sed tiliorum
funcribus, Cic. ; aliquein blnnditiis voluptatum,
Cic ; aninios, Cic.
delenitor -Oris, m. (delenio), one who soothes,
cajoles, wins oi<er ; cuius (judicis) delenitor esso
debet orator, Cic.
deleo -levi -letuni, 2. to destroy, annihilate,
abolish. I. Of things, A. Gen., urbes, Liv. ;
Volscum nomen, Liv. ; bella, to bring to an end,
Cic. ; leges, Cic. ; improbitatem, Cic. ; ignomiiiiam,
Liv. ii. Esp. to efface or erase something en~
graved or written, Cic ; digito legata, Cic. II.
Of persons, to destroy, annihilate; paenehostes,*
Caes. ; senatum, Cic ; rarely of a single person,
C. Curioiiem delere voluisti, Cic. ; liostes, Caes.
dcletrix -trlcis (deleo), that which destroys ;
sica paeiia deletrix huius imperii, Cic.
Delia, v. Delos.
deliberabundus -a -urn (delibero), care-
fully considering, deliberating ; consules vclitt
deliberabundi capita confernnt, Liv.
deliberatio -onis, f. (delibero), considera-.
tion, consultation, deliberation ; consilii capi-
nudi, Cic ; res habet deliberationem, admits if,
cadit in deliberationem, Cic. ; habere delibera-
tiones de aliqua re, Cic.
deliberativus -a -urn (delibero), relating to
consideration or deliberatio)/ ; genus, Cie.
dellberator -oris, m. (delibero), one who de-
liberates, Cic
deliberatus a -um, p. adj. (from delibero),
decided, resolved, certain, Cic.
delibero, 1. (de and libra), to weigh care-
fully, consider, consult about. I. Lit., maxima
de re, Cic. ; deliberare de Corintho cum imper-
atore Romano, Liv. ; with rel. clause, utri pot-
isalmnm consnlendum sit, deliberetur, Cic. II.
Transf. A. to ask advice, esp. of an oracle,
Nep. B. to resolve, decide as a consequence of
deliberation, ; quod iste certe statuerat ac de-
liberaverat, non adesse, Cic.
delibo, 1. to take away a little, to taste. I.
Lit., sol humoris parvam dclibet partem, Lncr. ;
jjscula, Verg. ; tig., ut omnes nndique llosculos
carpnm et delibem, Cic II. Transf. A. Gen.,
to take from, to derive, or to enjoy; ex nniversa
niente divina delibatos animos habemus, Cic ;
novum honorem, Liv. B. Esp., to diminish,
take away ; aliquid de gloria sua, Cic.
del
150
dem
delibro 1. (do ami liber), to bark, peel the
bark off, Cues.
dolibuo -ui -utum, 3. (dc and root LIB, Gr.
AI1I, whence Autos, oXei'</xi»). to besmear, anoint;
niultis luedicamentis dclibutjs, Cic. ; delibutus
capillns, Cic.
delicate, adv. with compar. (delicatus),
luxuriously ; delicate ac molliter vivere, Cic.
delicatus -a -urn (adj. with compar. and
supcrl. (dcliciae). I. delightful, charming, allur-
ing, luxurious; comiLatus, convivium, voluptas,
Cic. II. soft, tender, delicate, voluptuous, luxur-
ious. A. Lit, adolescens, Cic. ; capella, Cat. ;
}iueri, jnventus, Cic. B. Transf., fastidious,
dainty, nice; est fastidii delicatissimi, Cic.
dcliciae -arum, f. (delicio, to allure), pleasure,
delight, charm, luxury. A. Lit., multarum delic-
iarum comes est extrema saltatio, Cic. ; ecce
aliae deliciae (pretensions) equitum vixferendae,
Cic. B. Transf. the beloved object, darling,
sweetheart; amores ac deliciae tuae Roseius, Cic.
deliciolae -arum, f. (dim. of deliciae), a
darling ; Tullia, deliciolae nostrae, Cic.
delictum -i, n. (delinquo), a fault, crime, de-
linquency ; quo delictum majus est, eo poena
est tardior, Cic.
1. deligo -legi -lectuin, 3. (de and lego), 1,
to pick, pluck; tcnui primam uugue rosam, Ov. ;
2 ; to choose, select; a, magistrates, consulem,
Cic. ; aliquem potissinmin generum, Cic. ; ad eas
res oonficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. Caes: ; opti-
mum quemque, Cic. ; locum castris, Caes. ; b, to
2)ick out, send away ; longaevos senes ac fessas
aequore mattes, Verg.
2. deligo, 1. to b hut, fasten, bind up; navi-
cular ad ripain, Caes. ; aljquem ad palum, Cic.
delino (-levi) -litum, 3. to wipe off ; ex qua
tautmn tectorium vetus delitum sit, Cic.
delinquo -lfqui -lictum, 3. to fail, be want-
ing, esp. to fail in duly, commit a crime; hac
qiioque in re euui deliquisse, Cic. ; ut nihil ad-
huc a me delictum puteni, Cic. ; si quid deli-
quero, Cic.'; (miles) in bello propter hostiinn
inctuin deliquerat, Cic.
deliquesco -lieiii, 3. to melt, dissolve ; xibi
delicuit nondum prior (nix) altera venlt, Ov. ;
transf., to vanish, . disappear; nee alacritate
futili gestiens deliquescat, Cic.
doliratio -onis, f. (deliro), folly, silliness,
dotage ; ista senilis stultitia, quae deliratio ap-
pellari solet, Cic.
deliro, 1. (de and lira, lit. to draw the furrow
awry in ploughing), to be crazy, mad, insane, to
rave; delirare et mente captum esse, Cic; quid-
quid delirant reges plectuntur Achivi, the people
suffer for the mad acts of their kings, Hor.
delirus -a -urn, adj. with compar. (deliro),
silly, crazy, doting ; seuex, Cic.
dclitesco -tui, 3. (de and latesco), to con-
ceal oneself, lurk, lie hid. A. Lit., hostes noctu
in silvis delituerant, Caes. ; in ulva, Verg. ; in
cubilibus, Cic. B. Transf., to take refuge; in
alicuius auctoritate, Cic. ; in frigida calumnia,
Cic. ; sub tribnnicia umbra, Liv.
delitlgo, 1. to scold furiously, Hor.
Delius, v. Delos.
Dolos -i, f. (AtjAo?), an island of the Aegean
Sea, one of the Cyclades, and the birthplace of
Apollo and Diana; hence 1, adj., Delius -a
-am, Delian; folia, the laurel, Hor.; tellus,
Delos, Ov. ; subst., Delius -ii, m. Apollo, Ov.;
Delia -ae, f. Diana, Verg. ; Delium -ii, n. re
place on the Boeotian coast where stood a temple
of Apollo; 2. Deliaous -a -urn, Delian ; vasa,
Cic ; gallinarius lieliacus (tlie people of Delium
being celebrated for their brazen vessels and for
their poultry), Cic.
Delphi -drum, m. (AeA(/>oi), a town of Phocis,
celebrated for its oracle of Apollo; hence adj.,
Delphicus -a -um, Delphian, and subst.,
Dslphicus -i, m. Apollo, Ov.
delphinus -i and delphin -inis, m. (Uxfyk),
l,a dolphin, Cic; 2, a constellation so called, Ov. ■
Deltoton -i, n, (A€AtwtoV), the constellation
called the Triangle, Cic. poet. . ...
delubrum -i, n. (de and luo), a temple,
shrine, as a place for expiation ; noctu ex de-
lubro audita vox, Liv. ; gen. in plur., shrines,
holy2'laccs; deorum templa ac delubra, Cic.
deludo -lusi -liisum, 3. to mock, cheat, delude,
deceive ; corvum hiantem, Hor.; et quae sopitos
deludunt somnia sensus, Verg. ; absol., ali-"
quauto lentius agere atque dcludere, Cic.
delumbis -e (de and lumbus), nerveless,
weak, Pers.
delumbo, 1. to make weak and nerveless;
sententias, Cic.
demadesco -madiii, 3. to become wet, Ov.
demando, 1. to entrust, give in charge;'
pueros curae alicuius, Liv.
Demaratus -i, m. (A^apa-ros), a Corinthian
exile, fatlicr of Targuinus Priscus.
demons -mentis, adj., with compar. and
superl., out of one's mind; insane, foolish, Sense-
less ; a, of persons, summos viros desipere,
delirare, dementes esse dicebas, Cic. ; subst.,
in tranquillo tempostatem adversam optare
dementis est, Cic. ; b, transf., of things, de-
mentissiinum consilium, Cic. ; ininae, Hor.
dementer, adv. (demens), foolisMy, sense- \
lessly, madly, Cic.
dementia -ae, f. (demens), foolisltncss, mad-
ness, insanity, Cic.
dementlo, 4. (demens), to be mad, insane, to .
rave, Lucr. _-
demereo and dep. demereor, 2. to deservi
well of, to oblige ; demerendi beneticio tarn pot-
entem populum occasio, Liv. ; servos, Ov.
demergo -mei-si -mersum, 3. A. Lit., to J
sink, to plun/je into, dip under; 1, in water, a,
C. Marius in palude demersus, Cic. ; se demerg-
ere, Cic ; b, of ships, to sink; tredecim capere
naves, decern demergere, Liv.; 2, dapes avidam
in alVum, to swallow, Ov. ; plebs m fossas cloac-
asque exhauriendas demersa, Liv. B. Transf.,
est enim animus caelestis ex altissimo domicilio
depressus et quasi demersus in terrain, Cic. ;
plebs aere alieno demersa, over head and ears in'
debt, Liv.
demetior -mensus sum, 4. dep. to measure,,
measure out ; ut verba verbis quasi deraensa et
paria respondeant, Cic.
demeto -messui -messum, 3. to mow, reap,
cut down, or off; fructus, Cic; fruiuentum, Liv.;
huic eiisc caput, Ov. ; agios, Cic
demetor, dep. 1. to measure off, Cic.
demlgratio -onis, f. (demigro), emigration,
Nep L y
demigro, 1. 1, to migrate, emigrate, remove
or depart from a place; ex his aedificiis, Caes. ;■
ox agris in urbem, Liv. ; in alia loca, Cic. ; 2,
transf., hinc demigrare, to die, Cic ; de meo-
statu demigro, Cic
deminuo -minui -mlnutum, 3. A. Lit., 1,
to diminish, make less, lessen ; militum vires-
inopia frumenti deminuerat, Caes. ; aliquid de
tempore, Cic. ; 2, to alienate, praedia, Cic B.
Transf., a, gen., aliquid de jure, de.libertate,
deni
10(1
denl
Cic. ; b, esp. legal t. t., capite se demimiere <>r
capite dentinui, to suffer a loss of civil rights, Cie.
deminutio -onis, f. (deminuo), a lessening,
diminution. A. Lit., 1. gen., aecretio et dem-
inutio lmiiinis, Cic. ; deminutio vectigalium,
Cie. ; 2 f legal 1. 1., right of alienation ; utiquc
Fecennme Hispalae datio deminutio esset, Liv.
B. Transf., 1, gen., deminutio sui, loss of honour,
dignity, etc., Tac.: 2, loss of civil rights; dem-
inutio libertatis, Cic
demiror, 1. >lep. to wonder at, tii wonder;
quod demiror, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nihil
te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, Cic.
demisse, adv., with compar, and superl.
(demissus). A. Lit., low, near the ground ; vol-
are, Ov. B. Transf., modestly, lowly, humbly, ab-
jectly, meanly ; suppliciter demisseque respond-
ere, Cic. ; humiliter demisseque seutire, Cic.
demlssio -onis, f. (demitto). A. Act., a
sinking, lowering ; storearum, Caes. B. Pass.
dejection; animi, Cic.
demissus -a -urn, p. adj. (demitto). I. Lit.,
a, hanging down ; aures, Vcrg. ; b, sunken, low-
lying; loca demissa ac palustria, Caes. II.
Transf., a, feeble, weak; demissa voce loqni,
Verg. ; b, unassuming, mwlest ; senno demissus
atque humilis, Cic. ; c, down-cast, dispirited ;
animus, Cic; d, poor, needy; qui demissi in
obscuro vitam liabent, Sail.
demitigo, 1. to make mild, soften ; pass., to he-
comemild ; nosmetipsiquotidiedemitigamur, Cic.
demitto -inisi -missum, 3. to send down,
to lower, let down, cast, thrust, throw, put down,
muse to hang down. I. Lit., A. Gen., se mani-
bua, to let oneself down by the hands, Liv. ; per
maims, Caes. ; aliquem per tegnlas, Cic ;
equum in fluincn, Cic. ; imbrem caelo, Verg. ,
caput ad fornicem, to bend, Cic ; vuittis, oculos,
to lit fall, lower, Ov. ; aures, Hor. ; fasces, to
lower, Cic. B. Ksp., 1, demittere agmen, exer-
cituin, etc. ; to lead an army to a loicer position ;
agmen in inferiorem campum, Liv. ; demittere
se, to march down, Caes. ; 2. naut. 1. 1., demittere
antennas, to Irrwer sail, Sail. ; 3, navem demit-
tere, to sail down (a river), Liv. ; 4, se demit-
tere or demitti, to flow down. ; quo se demittere
rivi assuerant phwialis aquae, Ov. ; 5, to let the
hair or beard grow long ; d«missi capllli, Ov. ;
6, of dress, to let droop; usque ad talos demissa
purpura, Cic. ; tunica demissa, hanging down,
■not girt up, Hor. ; 7, to let fall to the ground ;
sublicas in terrain, Caes. ; 8, to plunge into (of
a weapon) ; ferram in pectus, Tac. ; 9, of places,
to let down, to cause to slorie down ; molli jugum
demittere clivo, Verg. II. Transf., a, seanimo,
Caes., aiiimum, Cic, mentcm, Verg., to lose heart,
become discouraged ; allquid in pectus, to impress
on one's mind, Liv. ; se in causam, to engage in,
Cic ; b, deinitti ab aliquo, to be descended from ;
ubaito demissum genus Aencae, Verg.
demiurgUS -i, m. (Snuiovpyos), the. highest
magistrate in certain (,'reek states, Liv.
demo, dcinpsi, demptum, 3. (for deimo, from
de and euio), to tote away. A. 1, lit., Publicola
secures de fascibus demi jussit, Cic ; harlwim,
Cie. ; 2. transf., sollicitudiiiem, Cio. B. Esp.,
to take away from a whole, to subtract, make
leu; 1, lit., partem solido de die, Hor.; de
capite me<linina DC, Cic; 2, transf., plus ad-
dltuin ad memoriam nominis nostri, qunm
demptum de fortuna.
Democritus -i, m. (Aijmokpitos), a cele-
brated philosopher ofAMera, authm- of the Atomic
theory; hence adj., Democrit^US (Ins) -a -urn,
Democritean. ; subst., a, Democritea -Sruin,
u. the doctrines of Demr>critus, Cic ; b, Dem-
ficritii -orum, in. the disciples of Democritus, Cic.
demolior, ■(. dep. A. Lit., to throw doitfil,
to destroy utterly, demolish ; doimun, parietem,
statuas, Cic B. Transf., demolientes Bac-
chanalia, Liv.
demolltio -Onis, f. (demolior), a tearing
down, demolition ; statuarum, Cic.
demonstratio -onis, f. (demonstro). I.
Lit., c< pointing out (by the hand, by gesture-,
etc.), Cic. II. Transf. A. Gen., a representa-
tion, description, Cic B. Esp., rhet. t. t., a
laudatory style of oratory, Cic.
demonstrativus -a -urn (demonstro) =
(irtieiKTiKos, laudatory or declamatory ; genus
orationis, Cic.
demonstrator -Oris, m. (demonstro), oik
U'ho points out or indicates; Simonides dicitur
demonstrator uniuscuiusque sepeliendi fuisse,
Cic.
demonstro, 1. to show, indicate, point out.
I. With the band or by gesture, flgiiram digito,
Cic ; itinera, Cic. II. to point out by signs or
words, indicate, describe, show. A. Gen., de-
monstrate rem, Cic; demonstravi lioec Caecilio,
Cic; ad ea castra quae supra demonstravimiiH
contendit, Caes.; with ace and intin., mihi
Fabiua demonstiaviT te id cogitare facere, Cic ;
with rel. sent., quanta praedae faciendae facul-
tas daretur, demonstraverunt, Caes.; esp. in
parenthetic sentences, nt supra or ante demon-
stravimus, ut denionstratuni est, Caes. B. Esp.,
1, legal t. t., demonstrare fines, to shou) a pur-
chaser the extent of property and hand it orer to
him, Cic; 2 f to express, signify; verba propric
demoustraiitia ea quae signiiicari ac declarari
voleinus, Cic.
demdrior -mortuus, 3. dep. to die, die off
(used of one among a number); quum easel ex
vetemm numero quidam senator demortuus,
Cic; in demortui locum censor snfticitur, Liv.
demoror, 1. dep. A. Intransit., to delay,
loiter; ille nihil demoratus (without delay) ex-
surgit, Tac B. Transit., to stop, hinder, delay,
retard ; aliquein dintius, Cic. ; iter, Caes. ; ag-
men novissimum, Caes.; iuutilis annos demoror,
drag on a useless existence, Verg. ; Teucros quid
demoror armis, to restrain from battle, Verg.
Demosthenes -is and -i, m. (A7]jioa-0e'»T]s),
the celebrated Athenian orator.
demdveo -niovi -inOtum, 2. to move away,
remove. I. Gen., demoveri et depelli de loco,
Cic. ; aliquem de sententia, make a person
change his opinion, Cic II. Esp. A. Milit. 1. 1.
or of gladiators, gradu aliquein, make a person
give, ground, Liv.; aliquem suo loco, Cic. B. a,
to dispossess, remove, from one's property ; popul-
um Homannm de suis posscssiouibus, Cic ; b,
to remove a person from an office ; aliquein pi-ae-
fectura, Tac.
demugitus -a -nm (de and mugio), filled
with the noise of lowing ; paludes, Ov.
demuloeo -mulsi -mnlsnm or -mulctum, 2.
to stroke down, caress by stroking ; dorsum (of
horses), Liv.
demum, adv. (from de, connected with Gr.
Srj). at length, at last, 1. with particles relating
to time, nunc demum, now at length, Cic. ; .jam
demum, -hoio at last, Ov. ; turn demum, (Tien
ii> r leed, then at length, Caes. ; 2, to express a
climax or emphasis, esp. with pron., ea demum
flrma amicitia est, that and that aloni, Sail. ;
hac demum te rra, Verg.
demurmuro, 1. to murmur or mvtterover;
ter novies carmen magico ore, Ov.
demutatio -Onis, f. (dernnto), change, altera-
tion ; moruin, deterioration, Cic.
demuto, 1. to change; animum, Plaut
den
iei
dap
denarius -a -urn (deni), containing the
number ten; minimus or subst., denarius -ii,
m a. Roman silver coin, originally equivalent to
ten, but afterwards to sixteen asses, worth about
8}d. of English money; alicui ail denarium sol-
vere, to pay in Roman currency, Cic. ; ecquae
spes sit denari i, of being paid in denarii, Cic.
denarro, 1. to narrate, tell, relate; matri
denarrat lit, etc. Hor.
denato, 1. to sivim down; Tusco alveo, Hor.
dcncgo, 1. 1, to deny, say no; Aquilium
mm aibitiamurqiu denegavitet jiiravitmorbum,
<Jio. ; 2, more frequently, to deny, refuse, reject
a W[Hest; operain reipublicae, Liv.; id antea
petenti denegavisse, Caes.; potest enim milii
denegari nccupatio tua, Cic.
deni -ae -a, num. distrib. (decern), 1, ten by
ten, ten at a time, by tens ; uxores habent deni
dnudenique inter se communes, Caes.; 2, ten;
bis dtiiii, Verg.
denicalis -c (de and nex), relating to death ;
feriac, a funeral feast or solemnity among the
Ramans (at wln'cli the family of the person dead
Mas purilied), Cic.
denique, adv. I. 1, in the order of suc-
cession, at last, at length, Cic. ; 2, to express a
climax, qui non civium, non denique hominuin
iiumeio essent, even, Liv. ; 3 ? in fine, in short;
omnia denique, Cic. II. Like deniuni, nunc
denique, now indeed; tunj denique, then indeed,
Cic.
denomino, 1. to name; hinc (ab Lamio)
Lamias ferunt denominatos, Hor.
denormo, 1. (de and norma), to make irregu-
lar ; o si angulua ille proximus accedat, qui nunc
denormat ngellum, Hor.
denoto, 1. to mark out, denote, designate pre-
cisely ; quuiii ei res similes occurrant, quas non
habent denotatas, Cic. ; cives neeandos denot-
avit, Cic.
dens, dentis, m. (connected with Gr. oSoiis).
A. 1, a tooth ; apror.un, Ov. ; dens eburneus,
Liv. ; denies genuiiii, the grinders, Cic. ; dent-
ibus inanilitur iitque extfinuatuv cibus, Cic; 2,
Ii;'. , a, envy, ill-will, slander; hoc maledieo
deiite carpunt, Cic.; dens invidus, the. tooth of
envy, Hoi.; atro dente aliquem petere, Hor.; b,
of lime, vitiata dentibus aevi, Ov. B. Transf.,
of things resembling a tooth, dens ancorae,
Verg.; dens vomeris, Verg.; dens uncus, mattock,
Verg. ; ileus Saturni, the sickle, Verg.
dense, adv., with compar. and superl. (dens-
us), 1, densely, Plin.; 2, of time, frequently, Cic.
denseo — denso (q.v.).
Denseletae, v. Dentheleti.
denso, and denseo, 2. (densus), to make
thick, to thicken, condense, press together. I.
Gen., male densatus agger, Liv. II, Esp., a,
t. t. of weaving, to make thick with the reed,
Ov. ; b, milit. t. t., to press close together ; scuta
super capita, Liv.; ordines, Liv.; oatervas.Verg. ;
C, mixta senum ac .juvenum densentur funera,
are crowded together, Hor.
densus -a -nm, adj., with compar. and
superl., thick, close, dense (opp. rarus). A. Gen.,
silva, Cic..; litus, Ov. ; imber densissimus, Verg. ;
caput densum caesarie, Ov. B. crowded to-
gether, closely packed; 1, aristae, Verg.; apes,
Verg.; frutices, Ov.; 2, of time, following closely,
uninterrupted, frequent; ictus, Verg.; amores,
Verg.; 3, vehement; densa frigoris asperitas, Ov.
dentalia -Inm, n. (dens), ploughshare, Verg.
1. dentatus -a -um (dens). I. provided with
teeth, toothed. A. Lit., si male dentata puella
est, Ov. B. toothed, spiked, pronged; ex omni
6'
parte dentata et tortuosa serrula, Cic. II,
smoothed with a tooth; charta, Cic.
2. Dentatus, v. Curias.
Dentheleti -orum (Aai/0r)A.ijTai) and Den-
seletae -arum, m. a 1'hracian people living
near the sources of Strymon.
dentisoalpium -ii, n. (dens and scalpo), a
toothpick, Mart.
denubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to be married,
to marry (of the woman) ; nee Caenis in ullos
denupsit thalamos, Ov. ; Julia, quondam Neron-
is uxor, denupsit in domuin Rubellii Blandi, Tac.
denudo, 1. to lay bare, uncover, denude ; 1, ne
Verves denudetur a pectore, Cic. ; transf., mini
suum consilium, Liv. ; 2. to rob, plunder ; cives
Romanos, ap. Cic. ; transf., suo earn (juris scient-
iam) concesso et tradito (ornatu) spoliare atque
denudare, Cic.
denuntiatio -onis, f. (denuntio), an an-
nouncement, intimation, declaration, threat. I.
Gen., periculi, Cic. II. Esp., a, polit. 1. 1.,
denuntiatio belli, declaration of war, Cic. ; b,
legal t. t., summoning of a witness, Cic; c,
warning; quae est enim a dis profecta signifi-
catio et quasi denuntiatio calamitatum, Cic.
denuntlO, 1. I. Gun. to announce, intimate,
declare, threaten, denounce; proscriptionem, Cic. ;
alicui mortem, Cic. ; ilia arma, centuriones, co-
hortes non periculum nobis, sed praesidium de-
nuntiant, Cic. ; with ace. and infln., Gorgias se
ad omnia esse paratum denuntiavit, Cic. ; with
nt or ne with the subj., or subj. alone, Lupus
milii denuntiavit ut ad te scriberem, Cic; with
rel. sent., ut denuntiet quid caveant, Cic. II.
Esp. a, polit. t. t., bellum denuntiare, to declare
war, Cic; b, milit. t.t. to give order; denun-
tiare ut arma capiant, Liv. ; c, legal t.t, of the
prosecutor, (a) alicui testimonium denuntiare,
to summon a person as witness, Cic ; (/3) denun-
tiare alicui, to give notice of an action ; de isto
fuudoCaeeiuae, Cic. ; (y) denuntiare in judicium,
to give notice to one's witnesses, friends, etc., to be
present at the trial ; d, to give warnings of, to
forewarn ; qui (Hector) morieus propinquam
Achilli mortem denuntiat, Cic. ; quibus por-
tentis magna populo Romano bella perniciosae-
que caedes denuntiabantur, Cic
denuo, adv. (for de novo), anew, again ; 1, =-=
iteruin, again, a second lime; rebellare, Liv. ; 2,
= rursus, of that which is repeated any number
of times ; recita denuo, Cic
Deois -Idis, f. (A€(oi*s), daughter of Deo(Aij<u,
Ceres'), i.e., Proserpina, Ov.
Deoius -a -um, sacred to Ceres ; quercus, Ov.
deonero, 1. to unload, disburden ; transf.,
ex illius iuvidia deonerare aliquid et in te trajic-
ere coepit, Cic.
deorsum, adv. (for de -vorsum), downieards
(opp. sursum), indicating motion ; sursum deor-
sum, up and down, backwards and forwards ;
naturis sursum deorsum, ultro citro commcan- .
tibns, Cic
depaciscor (depficiscor) -pactus, 3. dep.
to bargain for, make an agreement ; ipse tria
praedia sibi depactus est, Cic ; depacisci cum
aliquo ut, etc., Cic
depango -pactum, 3. to drive into the ground,
to drive, fix in; tig., vitae depactus terminus
alte, Lucr.
depasco -pavi -pastum, 3., 1, to feed off, eat
down; saltns, Ov. ; luxuriem segetum, Verg. ; 2,
to feed, graze, pasture (found also in the dep.
form, depascor -pastus), agros, Cic ; Hyblaeis
apilms floreiu depasta salicti saepes, Verg. ; de-
pasta altaria, poet. = food on the a/tars, Verg. ;
dep
162
ciSp
transf., dep.iscere litxuriem orationis stilo, to
prune down extravagance of language, Cic ; artus
depascitur arida febris, Verg.
dcpeciscor, v. depaciscor.
depecto-pexi -pexum, 3. to comb, comb dote n;
erines buxo, Ov. ; vellera foliis tenuia, to comb
off, Verg.
dcpeculator -5ris, m. (depecnlor), one who
robs or embezzles ; aerarii, Cic
depe'culor, l. dep. (de and peculium), to
rob, plunder; farm, Cic. ; aliquein omni argento
spoliare atque depeculare, Cic. ; cur pro isto qui
laudem honoremque l'amiliae vestrae depecu-
latus est pugnas ? Cic.
dcpcllo -ptUi -pulsum, 3. I. to drive away
(of shepherds), teneros fetus Mantuam, Verg.
II. to drive down, cast, dawn, expel, remove. A.
Lit, 1, gen. , simalacra dcorum depulsa, Cic;
aliquem ex nrV>e, Cic; 2, esp. a, milit. t.t, to
dislodge; liostem loco, Caes. ; b, to wean; ab
uberematris, Verg.; aliquem, Verg.; c, naut. t.t.,
to drive, out of one's course; aliquem obvii aqui-
lones depellnnt, Tac B. Transf. to drive away,
ke ep off, turn away; famein sitimque, Cic. ; sus-
picionein a se, Cic. ; aliquem de causa suscepta,
Cic ; de spe conatuque depulsus, Cic. ; aliquem
tribunatu, Cic.
dependeo, 2. A. Lit. to hang dmvn, hang
from ; ex liumeris dependet amictus, Verg. ;
laqueo dependentem invenere, Liv. B. Transf.,
to depend upon; a, tides dependet a die. Ov. ;
bj to he elymologically derived /ran ; liuius et
augurium ilependtt origine verbi, Ov.
dependo -pendi -pensum, 3. to weigh ov!.
A. Lit. to pay ; dependendum tibi est quod inihi
pro illo spopondisti, Cic. B. Transf., poonas
reipublicae, Cic. -
deperdo -perdldi •perdltum, 3. 1, to spoil,
ruin; doperditus lletu, exhausted, Cat.; deperd-
itus in aliqiia, desjjerutily in love with, Cat. ; 2,
to lose ; non solum bona Red etiam Itouestatein,
Cic. ; paucos ex suis, Caes.
depereo -peril -pSrlturus, 4. to perish or be
ruined utterly; tenipestate deperierant naves,
Caes.; si servus deperisset, Cic ; esp., deperire
amore alicuius, to be. desjterately in love with,
Liv. ; so aliquem (aliquam), Cat.
depilo, 1. to deprive of hair, make bald, Mart.
depingo -pinxi -pictuw, 3. A. Lit. to
paint, represent in painting, depict; pugnnm
Mnrathoniam, Nep. B. Transf., 1 ? to araiv or
ilejiirt iii words; vitnm liuius, Cic. ; nimium
depieta, too elaborately delineated, Cic. ; 2, to
picture to oneself in thought, Cic.
dcplango -planxi -planctum, 3. to bewail,
lament, <>v.
deplexus -a -urn, clasping, embraidng, Lucr.
deplcro, 1. I. Intransit. to weep violently, to
lament ; de suis incommodis, Cic. II. Transit.
A. to lament, hc.wail; alicuius interitum, Cic.
B. Transf. t" regard as lost, give up; agros, Liv.;
spein Capnae retinei&dae deplorataui apud Poenos
esse, Liv.
depluo, 3. to rain down, Tib.
depono -p5sfli -pSsitum, ". to pat, p'ocr,
lay down, put away, put aside. I. Gen. A. Lit.,
caput ferine, ()v. ; mriitum in gremio, Cic ;onus,
Cic. ; anna, Caes. ; comas, to cut the hair, Mart. ;
plantas BUlciS, Verg. ; aliquant, In give birth to,
Cat. ; vitnlain, lay at a wager or ai a prize, Verg.
B. Transr., a, to renounce, lay aside, put an end
to; amicilins, simultates, Cic : adeuudae Syriae
consilium, Cie. ; roeinoriam alicuius rei, or nli-
(piid ex memoria, to forget, Cic. ; b, to lay dmvn
an office; iinperium, Cic. ; c, to deprive of an
honour or office; triuniplnim, Liv. II. Bsp.-j
to deposit, lay up for preservation, commit to the
charge of. A. Lit., pecuniam in delubro, Cic ;
obsidesapud eos, Caes.; pecuniam apud aliquem,
Cic. B. Transf., jus populi Romani in vestra
fide nc rcligione depono, Cic. ; hence depos-
itus, laid out dead; ut depositi proferret fata
parentis, Verg. ; jam prope depositus, Ov.
dopopulatio -Onis, f. (depopulor), a laying
waste, plundering; aedium sacrariini publico-
luinque operum, Cic.
depopulator -oris, in. (depopulor), one
who ravages or lays waste; fori, Cic
depopulor, 1. dcp. to lay waste, ravage;
Ainbiorigis lines, Caes. ; agros, Cic. (pass, depo-
pulatis agris, Caes. ; late depopulato ngro, Liv.).
deporto, 1. lo bear, tarry away, remove,
conrcy airoy. I. Gen., a, of persons and ships,
fruincntuin in enstrn, Caes. ; Tertiam secuin,
Cic; Pleminium Icgatum vinctnm Romam, Liv.;
b, of rivers, Nilns niagnam vim seminum secuin
fiumenti similinm dicitur deportare, Cic II.
Esp. a, to bring home from a jn-ovince ; victorem
exercitum, Cic. ; si niliil aliud de line provincia
nisi illius benevolentiam deportassem, Cic ; b,
to banish for life (with loss of civil rights and
property), in insillain Ai lorguin deporlari, Tnc;
Italia, 'lac.
depoSCO -poposci, 3. to ask, beg, beseech, de-
mand earnestly. I. Gen., ccrtas sibi deposcit
naves, Caes. ; unum ad id belluin imperatorein
deposei atque expeti, Cic II. Esp. 1, to ask an
office or duty for oneself; sibi id niuncris, Caes. ;
sibi partes istas, Cic. ; 2, to demand for punish-
ment; Hannibalem, Liv. ; aliquem ad mortem,
Caes.; aliquem morti, Tnc; aliquem, Cic; 3,
to challenge to combat ; aliquem sibi, Liv.
depravatc, adv. (depravo), unjustly, ini-
quitously ; judieare, Cic.
depravatio -onis, f. (depravo), a perverting,
distorting. A. Lit., oris, Cic. B. Transf., an-
imi, depravity, Cic.
depravo, 1. (de and pravus), to pervert, dis-
tort, disfigure. A. Lit. quaedam contra naturam
depravata habere, Cic. ; depravata imitatio, enri-
cature, Cic. B. Trans!', to spoil, corrupt, de-
prave ; puer indulgentia nostra depravatus,
Cic ; mores dulcedine depravati, Cic. ; plcbcin
consiliis, Liv.
deprecabundus -a -um (deprecor), earn-
estly entreating, Tac.
deprtcatio -onis, f. (deprecor), 1, a ward-
ing off or averting by entreaty, deprecating; per-
iculi, Cic. ; in religious language, an impreca-
tion, curse; deorum, invoking the curse of the
gods, Cic; 2, an entreaty for forgiveness ; eiio
facti, Cic.
deprScator -oris, m. (deprecor), one who
begs off, an intercessor; liuius periculi, Cic; eo.
deprecatore, at his intercession, Caes.
deprecor, 1. dep. I. to pray earnestly to
some person ov for something. A. Gen., a, ali-
qnem, Cic. ; deprecari patres ne festinnrent,
Liv. ; non deprecor, foil, by quominns, Ljv. ;
b. aliquid, to beg for, entreat for; pacem, Cic ;
with ne and the subj., unum petere ac deprecari
ne, etc., Caes.; primum deprecor ne putetis,
etc, Cic; nihiluni deprecans qnin, etc, Liv. ;
with infill. = to alhge. in excuse; errasse regeni,
Sail.; c, aliquid ab'aliqno, to beg for; multorum
vitaiu nb nli(|iio, Cic; civem a eivilms, Cic;
d, aliso]., to intercede; pro aliquo, Cic. B. to
execrate, curse, Cat. II. to avert by entreaty,
beg off ; mortem, Caes. ; poennm, Liv.
deprchendo and deprendo -prgliendi
(prendi) -prehensum (-prensum), :j. to seize, 'ay
dep
1G3
des
holt of, Midi. I. Lit., A. Gen., tabellarioa
depreliendere litterasque intercipere, Cups. ;
naves, Cues. ; of storms, deprensis nautis,
caught in a storm, Verg. B. Esp., to surprise,
catch, detect, esp. in a crime or fault ; deprebendi
in manifesto scelere, Cic. ; aliquem in adulterio,
Cic. II. Transf., A. to perceive, observe, mark;
res niagnas saepe in minimis rebus, Cic. B.
Pass., deprebendi, to be surprised, embarrassed ;
se depreliensum negare non potuisse, Cic.
dcprchensio -onis, f. (deprebendo), detec-
tion ; veneni, Cic.
depressus -a -ran, p. adj., with com par.
and superb (deprimo), low-lying, sunk down;
doimis, Cic..; convallis, Verg.
deprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (dc and premo),
to sink 'down, press down, depress. I. Lit., A.
Gen., altera ad frontem sublato, altera ad meiit-
um depresso supercilio, Cie. ; depresso aratro
(sc. in terrain), Verg. B. Esp. 1, to plant or
place deep in the ground, dig deep ; saxuin in
mirandam altitudinem depressus, Cic. ; 2, of
ships, to sink ; naves, Caes. ; classem, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., to press down, depress, oppress;
fortunani meam, Cic. ; spes illius civitatis, Cic.
B. Esp. to 'put down by words; multoriun ini-
probitate depressa Veritas, Cic.
deproelior, 1. to contend violently ; ventos
aequore fervido deproeliantes, Ilor.
deprorao -prompsi -promptum, 3. to bring
forth, produce, fetch out ; pecuniam ex aerario,
Cic. ; Caecubum cellis, Hor.; transf., orationem
ex jure civili, Cic. ; verba domo patron.i. Cic.
deprdpero, to hasten; alicui coronas, weave
quickly, Hor.
depudet -pMuit, 2. impers. to cease to be
ashamed, to be shameless, Ov.
depugis = depygis (q.v.).
depugno, 1. to fight, struggle, contend vio-
lently; utacie instructs depugnarent, Caes. ; cuin
Hectore, Cic; transf., voluptas depugnat cum
lionestatc, Cic.
depulsio -onis, f. (depello), 1, driving aiuuy,
driving off; luiiiinum, Cic; doloris, Cic. ; 2,
In rbet., defence, Cic.
depulsor -oris, m. (depello), one who drives
away, a destroyer ; dominatus, Cic.
dopiito, 1. to prune, cut off'; umbras, branches,
Ov.
depygis -is, thin butlocked, Hor.
deque, v.' susque deque.
Dercetis -is, f. and Derceto -us, f.
(Acpiceru), a Syrian goddess (also called Atarg-
itis), identified with the Greek Aphrodite.
derelict io -Onis, f. (derelinquo), a deserting,
forsaking ; communis utilitatis, Cic.
derelinquo -liqui -lietum, 3. to forsake,
iesert entirely, abandon. A. Lit., totas arationes
lerelinquere, Cic; naves ab aestu derelictae,
Daes. B. Transf., derelictus ab amicis, Cic.
dcrepente, adv., suddenly, ap. Cic. .
derepo -rupsi, 3. to creep, crawl down, Phaedr.
derideo -risi -risum, 2. to laugh at, mock,
deride, scoff at ; aliquem, Cic; absol., deridet,
quum, etc., Cic.
derldiculus -a Aim (derideo), very ridicu-
lous, very laughable; alteram deridicuium esse
se reddens rationem, Liv. ; subst., deridicul-
um -j, n. ridicule, ridiculousness; esse or baberi
deridieulo, to be an object of ridicule, Tac.
derlgesoo (dirigesco) -rigfti, 3. to grow quit*
stiff, ri'iid; derigescit cervix, Ov. ; deriguere
oculi. Verg., Ov.
derlpio -ripfti -reptum, 3. (de and rapio),
to tear down, Snatch away ; ensem vagina, Verg.;
aliquid dc manu, Cic ; aliquem de provincia,
Cic. ; (id) alteri, Cic. ; transf., quantum de men
auctoiitate deripuisset, curtailed, Cic.
derisor -oris, m. (derideo), one who mocks,
derides, a mocker, Hor.
derisus -us, m. (derideo), mockery, derision,
Pbaedr., Tac.
derivatio -Onis, f. (derivol, a turning or
drawing off of water; aquae Albanae, Liv.; de-
rivationes flumiiium, Cic.
derivo, 1. A. to turn, draw off water;
aquam ex flumine, Caes. B. Transf., to turn
off, divert; crimen, Cic; responsionem alio, Cic;
culpam in aliquem, Cic; partem curae in Asiam,
Cie
derdgatio -onis. f. (derogo), the partial
repeal of a law ; plur.. legum derogationes, Cic. ;
derogo, 1. A. Lit., to repeal part of the
provisions of a laiv, to restrict, modify a law;
buic legi nee obrugari fas est neque derogari
ex bac aliquid licet neque tota abrogari potest,
Cic B. Transf., to diminish, tedee away, de-
rogate from ; de lionestatc quiddam, Cic. ; lideui
alicui or alicui rei, Cic.
derosus -a -urn (partic. of an unused veil)
derodo), gnawed away; clipeos esse a muribus.
Cic._
deruo -riii -riituni, 3. to cast down, overturn;
fig., cuniulum de laudibus Dolabellae, Cic.
deruptus -a -urn (*derumpo), broken off;
hence, of places (conf. abruptus), precipitous,
steep ; lipa, Liv. ; collis, Tac. Subst., de-
rupta -oium, n. precipices, Liv.
desaevio -ii -ituni, 4. to rage violently;
pelago desaevit liiems, Verg. ; toto Aeneas de-
saevit in aequore, Verg. • , .
desceiido -scendi -scensum, 3. (de and
scando), to step doivn, come down, descend (opp.
ascendo). I. Of persons, A. Lit., 1, gen., ex
equo or equo, Sail. ; do rostris, Cic ; inoute,
Verg. ; coelo ab alto, Verg. ; in ambulationem,
Cic. ; ad naviculas, Cic; 2, esp., a, descendere
in. or ad forum, or simply descendere, in Rome
to come down into tlus Forum, ill order to attend
the Comitia, etc ; liodie non descend it Antonius,
Cic. ; b, of an army, to descend from a height
into the plain; ex supeiioiibus locis in plan-
itiem, Caes.; in aequuni, Liv. B. Transf., to
lower oneself, to have recourse to, to condescend to,
agree to, give way to ; sencs ad ludum adolesc-
entium descendant, Cic; ad vim ntque ad anna,
Caes. ; in pieces omnes, Verg. II. Of tilings,
A. Lit, a, of weapons, to pierce, to penetrate;
ferrum in corpus descendit, Liv. ; b, of moun-
tains, to slope down ; Caelius ex alto qua nions
descendit in aequum, Ov. ; of the voice, to
sink, Cic. B. Transf., quod verbuni in pectus
Jugurtliae altius quam quis ratus erat descendit,
sank deeper, Sail.
descensio -Onis, f. (desceiido), a going down,
descending, descent; Tiberina, voyage down the
Tiber, Cic.
descensus -Cs, m. (descendo), a descending,
descent. I. Lit., descensus difficilis et artae viae,
lav. ; poet, with dat., facilis descensus Averui,
Verg. II. Meton., a descending way ; descensus
ripae utriusque in alvfiuin trecentorum ferine
passuuni, Liv.
descisco -scivi or -scii -scituin, 3. A. Lit.,
to revolt from, desert to ; nudtae civitatcs ab
Afranio desciscunt, Caes. ; desciscere a populo
Romano, Liv. ; a senatu, Cic; ab Latinis ad
Romiinos, Liv. B. to withdraw, depart, diverge
from, fall off from ; a pristina causa, Cic; a
veritatc, Cic. ; a sc, to be untrue to oneself, Cic;
des
J. i-i
tics
hence, to fall into, degenerate to ; ad inclinatain
fortunani, Cie.
describo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to tran-
scribe, copy; quintum "de Finibus" librum,
Cic. H. to descrilx, delineate, or represent in
writing or by signs. A. Lit., geometricas fonnas
in arena, Cic; carmina i\i foliis or in cortice,
V'erg. B. Transf., 1, to represent in words, to
describe ; a, of things, hominnm sermones mor-
esque, Cic; regionem aut pngnam, Cic; flunien
Rliemun, Hor. ; b, of persons, to portray; con-
jugem sine contumella, Cic. ; 2, to define, ex-
plain ; describere officia, Cic; 3, to mark out,
arrange, classify; rationem totius belli, Cic ;
Jus civile generatim in ordines aetatesque, Cic;
4, to imjiose, appoint, fir, allot; civitatibus pro
numero militum pecuniarum sunimas, Cic. ;
suuni cilique munus, Cic. ; duodena in singulos
homines jugera, Cic; 5, to divide, distribute;
popnliim cen.sn, ordinibus, aetatibus, Cic.
doscrlpte, adv. (descriptus), in order, sys-
fanatically; descripte et electe digerere, Cic
descriptio -Onis, f. (describo). I. a copy ;
descriptio imagoque tabularuin, Cic. II. a
representation by v:riting or signs. A. Lit., a de-
scription, representation ; descriptis aedificandi,
plans, Cic. ; numeri aut descriptiones, geometric
figures, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a representation u
words, a description ; regionum, Cic. ; 2> -
definition ; nominis brevis et aperta, Cic. ; 3,
fixing, limiting; expetendanim fugiendarutnque
rcrum, Cic; 4, distribution; possessionum,
Cic; 5, arrangement, settling, division; mag-
istratuum, eivitatis, Cic.
descriptus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(from describo), properly arranged; ordo verb-
omni, Cic
dc.'.CCO -s^cili -sectuni, "1. to ltev< off, cut off;
partes ex toto, Cic; aures, Caes.; segetem,
Liv._
desenesco -sSnui, 3. to grow weaker by age ;
ira belli, Sail.
desero -sgrCii -sertum, 3. (de and sero, to
sever one's connexion with), to desert, forsake,
abandon, leave. I. Gen., 1, inamabile regniim
desere, Ov. ; 2, to leave. -uninhabited : agros
latos ac fertile* deserere, Cic; insulas desertns,
Cic II. to abandon, be untrue, to, desert. A.
Lit., 1, gen., cum amici partim desernerint me,
partim etiam prodiderint, Cic. ; pass., with abl.
alone, deseror conjuge, Ov. ; desertns suis, Tac;
2, esp., milit. t. t., to desert; exercitum, Cic. ;
exercitum ducesque, Caes.; enstra, Liv. B.
Transf., to neglect, disregard; 1, gen., a, of
persons, deserere ofticium, Cic ; enram belli,
Liv. ; nee fratris preces ncc Sextii proinissa nee
spem mulieris, Cic; b, of things or abstrac-
tions, mnlto tardius faina deseret Curium Fabri-
cium, Cic.; a mente deseri, to lose one's head,Cia.;
2, esp., a, of religions rites, to neglect; publira
sacra et Romanos deos in pace, Liv. ; b, legal
t. t., vadimoninm, fo fill to appear, Cic.
desertio -onis, f. (desero), neglect, Liv. (?)
desertor -oris, m. (desero), 1, one v:ho for-
sakes, abandons, a deserter; amicorum, Cic;
desertor communis utilitatis, Cic. ; 2, in milit.
t. t., a deserter, Caes. ; poet., a fugitive, Ov.,
Verg.
desertus -a -um, p. adj., with compar. and
superl. (desero), forsaken, abandoned, deserted;
locus, regio, Cic: loca, Caes.; deserta siti regio,
Sail. Subst., deserta -Onim, n. deserts, wil-
dernesses, Verg.
deservio, 4. to serve zealously ; a, to serve a
person ; alicui, Cic ; cuivis, Cie. ; b, to be de-
voted to a thing; divinis rebus, Cic; in a l>ad
Bense, to be a slave to ; corpori. Cic.
deses -sidis, hi. (desideo), idle-, tasj/, stol1\fu%
inactive; sedemUs desides domi, Liv.; nee rem
Romanam tain dosidem umquttm fuisec atquo
iinbelleni, Liv.
desideo -sedi -sessuni, 2, to sit idle, to he
idle, slothful, Ter.
desiderabllis -e, adj., with compar. (de-
sidero), desirable ; nihil enim desiderabile con-
cupiscunt, Cic.
desideratio -onis, f. (desidero), a desire,
longing for anything, Cic (?)
desiderium -ii, n. (desidero). I. desire or
longing, yearning, grief for the absence or loss of
a person or tiling; miserum nie desiderium urbis
tenet, Cic. ; esse "m desiderio rerum sibi ear-
issimarum, Cic; me tanto desiderio aiticis ut,
etc., Cic; desiderio tabescere, Cic; desiderio ali-
cuius mortuum esse, Cic; meton., the object of
desire; desiderium ineum, Cic II. Es|i. A.
natural desire ; eibi atquc potionis, i.iv. B.
a wishj desire; militum, Tac
desidero, 1. (like considero, from rout SID,
Gr. 1A, E1A, to look eagerly at), to long for some
person or thing that is absent or lost, to wish for.
I. Gen., a, of persons, aliquid, Cic; aliquid ab
aliquo, Cic; aliquid in aliquo, Cic; with infill.,
haec scire desidero, Cic. ; b, of things, to re-
[Hire, need; res nun modo tempus sed etiam
auimum vacuum desiderat, Cic. II. Esp., 1,
with the notion of a fault, to miss; ex me midis
quid in oratione tna desidcrem, Cic ; 2, to
lose; in eo proelio CC milites desideravit, Caes.;
qnarta (legio) victrix desiderat jieminem, Cic.
desidia -ae, f. (deses), sloth, idleness, inac-
tivity ; ne languori se desidiaeque dedat, Cic
desidiose, adv. (desidiosus), slothfully, idly,
Lucr.
desidiosus -a -um, adj. with compar. and
superl. (desidia), slothful, idle, lazy; a, of per-
sons, qui nolet tieri desidiosus, amet, Ov. ; b,
of things, causing sloth ; illecebrae, Cic; dclect-
atio, Cic; inertissimum et desidiosissimum
otium, Cic.
desido -sedi and -sidi, 3. to sink down, suit-
side, settle; terra, Cic; transf., to diminish,
deteriorate ; mores, Liv.
designatio -onis, f. (designo). I. Lit., a
marking out, designing, describing; persoiiaruui
et tempiirnm, Cic. II. 1, arrangement, order;
totius opens, Cic; 2, appointment to an office;
annua designatio, nomination of consuls, Tac.
designator -oris, in. (designo), one who
arranges, an umpire at the public games, Cic.
designo, 1. to mark out, trace out. I. Lit.,
a, urbein aratro, Verg.; fines templo Jovis, Liv.;
b, to point out by signs; aliquem digito, Ov. ;
notare et designare aliquem oculis ad caedem,
Cic.; c, to sketch, delineate; Maeonis elusatu
imagine tauri Europam, Ov. II. Transf., A.
Gen., to signify, allude to; line oratione Duiii-
norigem designari, Caes. B. Esp., 1. to con-
trive, perpetrate; quid non ebrietas nesignat?
Hor.; 2, to arrange, regulate; constitnere et
designare, Cic. ; 3, polit. t. t., to nominate to an
office, elect; ut ii uecemviratum habeant, quos
plebs designaverit, Cic. ; esp., designatus, elect ;
consul designatus, consul elect, Cic; tribunns
plebis, Cic ; civis designatus (of a child not,
born), Cic.
desilio -silfii -sultnm,4.(deand salio), to hap
down ; de navibus, Caes. ; ex navi, Caes. ; ab equo,
Verg. ; ad pedes, dismount, Caes. ; of tilings, ex
alto desiliens aqua, Ov.
desino -sii -situm, 3. to leave of, rease, qire
over, desist ("pp. roepi). I. Transit., artein, Cic.;
versus, Verg. ; poet, (for deseri ie), 1 1 vliuivlou ;
des
165
des
ilominam, Ov. ; with intin. to cease to ; desiit
defenders, Cic. ; illud timere desitio, Cic. ; with
alii., desiue quaeso coiniuunibiu loeis, Cic; with
geuit., tandem mollium querelaruin, Hor. ; des-
init in lacrimas, ends by weeping, Ov. ; pass, mi-
ners., si esset factitatum, non esset desitum, Cic.
II. Intransit. to cease, stop, end; in piscem, Ov. ;
rhet., of the close of a period, quae similiter de-
siuunt aut quae cadunt similiter, Cic.
desipiens -entis, p. adj. (desipio), foolish,
Cic.
desipientia -ae, f. (desipiens), foolishness,
stupidity, Lucr.
desipio -sipui, 3. (de and sapio), tobe foolish,
silly, to act foolishly ; sumnios vivos desipere,
Cic. ; dulce est desipere in loco, Hor.
desisto -stYti -stitum, 3. to desist, leave off,
cuisc; de ilia ineiite, Cic. ; a defeiisione, Caes.;
uuiiatu, Caes.; with intin. destiti stomachari, Cic.
dcsolo, 1. to leave solitary, to forsake ; in-
gentes agios, Verg. ; frequently in perf. partic,
desolatus -a -um, forsaken, desolate ; desolatae
teirae, Ov.
despectlo -onis, f. (despicio), a looking down;
transf. contempt ; huma.na.Tum opinionum, Cic.
despecto, 1. (iuteus of despicio), to regard
from above, look down upon. I. Lit., a, of per-
sons, terras, Verg. ; b, of places, to overlook ;
quos despectant nioenia Abellae, Verg. II.
Transf., to despise; liberos ut multum infra, Tac.
1. despectus -a -um, p. adj., with compar.
despised, despicable, Cic.
± despectus -us, m. (despicio). A. a look-
ing down, downward view; erat ex oppido Alesia
despectus in cauipum, Caes. B. Transf., cou-
tempt, despising ; alicui despectui esse, Tac.
desperanter, adv. (despero), despairingly,
hopelessly ; loqui, Cic.
desperatio -5nis, f. (despero), hopelessness,
despair; vitae, Cic. ; reeuperandi, Cic.
desperatus -a -inn, p. adj. with compar.
andsupeii. (despero), desperate, hopeless; aegrota
ae paeno desperata res publica, Cic. ; niorbi,
Cic. ; senes, Cic. ; desperatissimo perfugio uti,
Cie.
despero, 1. to be without hope, to despair,
<jivc up; de republiea, Cic. ; honorcs, Cic. ; sibi,
Cie. ; suis fortunis, Caes. ; with aec. and infill.,
ista vera esse, Cic. ; often in pass., desperatis
nostris rebus, Caes. ; desperatur turpiter quid-
quid ticri potest, Cic.
despicatio -onis, f. (despicor), contempt;
in plur., odia, invidia, despicationes adversantur
voluptatibus, Cic.
1. despicatus -a -um, p. adj. with superl.
(despicor), desjnsed, despicable; homo despicat-
issiinus, Cic.
2. despicatus -us, in. (despicor), contempt;
si quis despicatui ducitur, Cic.
despicientia -ae, f. (despicio), contempt;
rerum liuinanaruin, Cic.
despicio -spexi -spectum, 3. I. to look
down, regard from above. A. Lit., a, intransit.,
de vertice moutis in valles, Ov. ; a sumnio caelo
in aequora, Ov. ; b, transit., Juppitcr aethere
siuiiiiio despicicus mare, Verg.; varias geutcs et
urbes despicere et oculis collustrare, Cic. B.
Transf., to look down upon, despise; despicere
et contennierc aliqueni, Cic. ; partic. with gen.,
despioiens sui, Cie. II. Intrausit., to look away
from, Cic.
despolio, 1. to plunder, despoil; aliqueni,
Cic. ; duspoliandum templum Dianae, Cic.
despondeo -spondi -sponsuin, 2. I. to pro-
''.""• A? G e W-| Sjri'iain homini, Cjc. jj, Esp.,
to prom : se a maiden in marriage, betroth; filiam
alicui, Cic. II. Transf., A. Gen., to promise,
give up; quaeeumque (spes) est, er. despond-
etur anno cmisulatus tui, Cic. B. Esji., de-
spondere auimos, to lose courage, desjiond, Liv.
despumo, 1. to skim off; foliis undam aheni,
Verg.
despuo -spui -sputum, 3. A. Intransit., to
spit out (a superstitious usage fur averting evil) ;
sacellum ubi despui religio est, Liv. B. 'I'rausit.
fig., to reject, abhor ; preces uostras, Cat.
desquamo, 1. to take off the sades, to scale,
Plaut.
desterto -tui, 3. to finish snoring ; poet, to
finish dreaming, Pers.
destillo, 1. to drop down, distil; leutuni dls-
fcillat, abinguine virus, Verg.
destinatio -onis, f. (destiuo), a fixing, deter-
mination, resolution; partiuui, i|uibus cessurui
aut non cessurus esset, Liv.
destlno, l. (from root STAN, whence <navvn>,
1<tt6.i/u), lit. to fix firm.) A. to make fast, bind,
fasten; antennas ad inalos, Caes. B. Transf.,
a, to fix, determine, settle ; tempus locu«ique ad
cerUinen, Liv.; aliqueni ad mortem, Liv.; debiti
destinatique morti, Liv. ; certae destinataeque
sententiae, Cic; with inlin. to resolve to do; quae
agere destinaverat, Caes. ; quas urbes direpturos
se destinaverant, Liv.; b, toaimat withamissile;
locum oris, Liv. ; c, to fix upon, intend to buy,
Cic. ; d, to betroth, fix upon as a wife for some one ;
Lepidadestiuata quondam uxor L. Caesari, Tac. ;
e, to select, fix upon for an office; destinare ali-
queni eonsulem, Liv.
destituo -stltui -stitutuin, 3. (de and statuo),
to set. I. to set down, to place. A. aliqueni aute
tribunal regis, Liv. B. Transf., quuin in hac
miserriina fortuna destitutus sit, Cic. II. to
place on one side; 1, to leave, abandon; nudos iu
litore pisces, Verg. ; aliqueni in convivio, Cic. ;
2, to leave in the lurch, forsake, desert ; aliqueni
in ipso discrimine periculi, Liv. ; nudus paene
est destitutus, Cic. ; deos mercede pacta, to
cheat, Hor. ; spes destltuit, Liv. ; partic. perf.
abandoned; ab oinne spe destitutus, Liv.
destitutus -a -um, partic. of destituo.
destitutio -onis, f. (destituo), a forsaking,
abandoning, Cic.
destrictus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(destringo), sharp, severe; destrictior accusator,
Tac.
destringo -strinxi -strictum. 3. I. to strip
off. A. Gen., Quint. B. to draw or bare the
sivord; gladium, Cic. II. to touch lightly,
graze. A. Lit., aequora alis, Ov. ; pectora suni-
ma sagitta, Ov. B. Transf., to satirise, censure;
aliquein mordaci carmine, Ov.
destruo -struxi -structum, 3. to prdl down.
A. Lit. to destroy (opp. construo); aedificium,
Cic. ; nioenia, Verg. B. Transf. to destroy, ruin ;
jus destruere ac demoliri, Liv. ; hostem, Tac.
desubito, adv. suddenly, Cic.
desudo, 1. to sweat violently ; transf. to exert
oneself, labour hard; in aliquare, Cic.
desuefacio -feci -factum (" desueo and
facio), to disuse, make unaccustomed to; rnulti-
tudo desuefacta a contionibus, Cic.
desuesco -suevi •suetuin, 3. A. Transit to
disuse, bring into disuse ; res desueta, Liv. B.
Intransit. to become unaccustomed to; and in perf.
unused to; desuetus triumphis, Verg.
desuetudo -Inis, f. (desuesco), disuse; ar-
monim, Liv.
desultor -oris, m. (desilio), a circus rid9>
who kiivcd from one /:or«g (o awlhir whik bob-
Qes
166
det
•were at full speed, Liv. ; transf. an inconstant
■ person ; amoris, Ov.
desultorius -a -Tim (desultor), relating to a
desultor, Cic.
desum -fSU -esse, tobe absent, away, wanting,
to fail. I. Gen. omnia decrant quae, etc., Caes.;
with dak, tibi nullum officiuma me ilefuit, Cic. ;
With in and the abl., desunt (verba) in C. Laenia
comnicndaiido, Cic. ; deesse, or non deesse,
foil, by quominus and the subj., dims sibi res,
quominus in vulgus et in foro diceret deftusse,
Cic. ; nihil deest, foil, by quin, si tibi ipsi nihil
decst, quod in forensibus civilibusquc rebus
versetur quin sciaa, Cic. II. Esp. A. not to be
present at; convivio, Cic. B. tofa.il, be wanting,
not to keep, to leave in the lurch; nullo loco de-
esse alicui, Cic; sibi, Cic; officio, Cic; non
deesse, foil, by quin, deesse niihi nolui, quin te
admouereni, Cic. ; absol., nos consules desumus,
are wanting in our duty, Cic.
desumo -sumps! -sumptum, s. to choose,
select; sibi hostes, Liv.
desuper, adv. from above, above, Cacs.
desurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up,
stand up ; coena, Hor.
detego -texi -tectum, 3., 1, to uncover, lay
hare; aedem, Liv.; caput, jVcrg. ; quia possit
fieri, ut (ilia) patefactaetdetectamutentur, Cic. ;
2, to detect, disclose, betray; insidias, consilium,
Liv. ; culpam, Ov.
detendo (-tendi) -tensum, 3. to unstretcli;
tabernacula, to strike the tents, Cues.
detergeo -tersi -tersum, 2. I. to wipe of,
wipe away ; lacrimas, Ov. ; prime anno LXXX
deterslmns, got together, Cic II. to cleanse by
wiping; eloacas, Liv. III. to strip off, break-
off; l ciuos, Cacs.
deterior -Mis, genit. -oris, compar. adj., with
supcrl. deterilmus (connected with dctero),
worse, ^inferior, poorer; vcetigalia, Caes.; aetas,
Verg. ; peditatu, weaker, Nep. ; ' homo detcrr-
imus, Cic. ; neut. subst, in deterins, for the
worse ; in deterins mutare, Tac
dcterius, adv. (deterior), worse, in an inferior
manner; de male Graecis Latino scripta dcterius,
determinatio-onis, f. (dctermino), abound-
ary, end; mundi, Cic; transf., orationis, Cic.
determine 1. to bound, fix the limits of,
determine. I. Lit, augur regiones ah oriente ad
occasum determinavit, Liv. II. Transf., id
quod dicit spiritu non arte deteniiinat, Cic •
detcro -trivi -tritum, 3. A. Lit., to rub off,
rub away, wear out; detrita tegmina, Tac B.
to lessen in strength, to weaken; laudes cgregii
Caesaris et tuas, Ilor. ; si quid ardoris ac
; ;ic miles habuit, popinis ct comissation-
ibus et principis imitatione deteritur, Tac.
deterreo -terrui -terrltuin, 2. to frighten from
anything, deter try fear, discourage; 1 homines a
Bcribendo, Cic; Stolcos de sententia, Cic; ali-
qucm a dimieatione, Cic. ; aliquem multis verbis
lie (with subj.), Cacs. ; aliquem non deterrcre quo-
minus (with subj.), Cic; nihil deterreri quominus,
etc., Liv.; aliquem non deterrcre quin, etc,
Caes.; simply with ace, aliquem, Cacs.; with
ace. of thing, to ward off; vim a censoribus, Liv.
detestabflis-e (detestor), adj., with compar.
(detestor), abominable, detestable, horrible ; omen,
Cic. _
detostatio -onis, f. (detestor), 1, cursing,
execration, horror, detestation, Liv. ; 2, a ward-
*'"</ °JT, averting ; scelerum, Cic
detestor, 1. dep. I. 1, relig. t. t., to in-
toke the curse of a god; ininas periculaque in
alieuius caput, Liv.; 2, to execrate, (dxm\nqte
detest; Ambiorigem, Caes.; exitum belli civilis,
Cic ; partic. perf. (pass.), bella matribus detest-
ata, Hor. II, Transf., to avert, ward off; o
dii immortales, avertite et detestamini hoc
omen, Cic
dctexo -texui -toxtum, S. A. to plait, make
by plaiting; aliquid viminibus niollique junco,
Verg. B. Transf., to finish (of discourse); de-
texta prope retexere, Cic
detineo -tinui -ten turn, 2. (de and teneo), to
hold auuy, hold back, detain. I. Lit., novissimos
proelio, Caes. ; Romano belloin Italia detineri,
Liv.; aliquem, Caes. II. Transf., 1, to hold
fist, fetter ; me grata dctinuit centipede Myrtalc,
Hor. ; 2, to occupy, engage ; in alieuis nfgotiig
detineri, Cic; aliquem de or ab aliqua re, to
detain from; ab circumspectu aliarum rerum,
Liv.; 3, detinere so, to support existence; se
misetandis alimentis nonum ad diem, Tac. ; 4,
to detain possession of property ; pecuniam, Tac.
dotondeo -tondi -tonsum, 2. to shear, clip
A. Lit., ciines, Ov. B. Transf., detonsae frig
ore frondes, made leafless, Ov.
detono -t5nni, 1. I. Lit., to thunder, thiindei
down; hie (Juppiter) ubi dctonuit, Ov. II. /<
cease to thunder, transf. = cease to rage ; duni
detonet omnis (nubes belli), Verg.
dctorquco -torsi -tortum, 2. 1, to turn away,
bend aside; a, lit., ponticuluni, Cic ; liabcnas.
Verg. ; in dextram partem, Cic ; proram ai|
undas, Verg.; b, transf., voluptntes animos a
virtute dctorqucnt, Cic; 2, to twist anything
out of its pro}>cr shape, distort; corporis partes
detortae, Cic ; transf., calumniando omnia de-
torquendoque suspecta et invisa etlicere, Liv.
dctractio -onis, f. (detraho), a drawing
away, withdrawal, taking away. I. In a good
sense, A. Lit., 1, gen., doloris, Cic; 2, esp.
medic, t. t, a purging, Cic B. Transf., a taking
away, withdrawal; cuius loci detractionem lieri
velit, Cic II. taking away (in a bad sense);
detractio atqtio appetitio alieni, of another per-
son's property, Cic.
detracto = detrccto (q.v.).
detractor -oris, m. (detraho), one who makes
less, a detractor ; sui, Tac
detraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to take down,
A. Lit., aliquem de ourrn, Cic. ; aliquem eqno,
Liv.; nuiros coloniae, Tac B. Transf., to lower,
humiliate ; regmn majestatem difflcilius ad niedi-
am detrain, etc., Liv. II. to take away. A.
1, lit., alicui de digito anulum, Cic ; torquein
hosti, Cic ; vestem, Cic ; pellein, Hor. ; 2,
transf., a, to remove; de liomine sensus, Cic;
b, milit. t. t., to detach; ex tertia aeie singulas
cohortes, Caes.; c, numerically, to subtract from
a sum; de tota sumnia binas quinquagesimas,
Cic. ; d, tn take away some mental or moral evil
or good; alicui calamitatem, Cic; detracta
opillione probitatls, Cic. B. to take away, re-
vi * in- ; transf., a, inimicuni ex Gallia, Cic; b,
to compel; aliquem ad banc accusationem, Cic.
C. to drag away, take from ; 1, lit., spolia hosti um
teiuplis porticibusque, Liv.; 2, transf., a, alicui
debituni lionorem, Chj. ; multa desuiscommodis,
Cic; de honestate et de auctoiitate alieuius,
Cic ; b, to calumniate, slander; de aliqiw, Cic;
absol., nbsentibns detrahendi causa maledice
Contuincliosequc dicere, Cic
dctrectatio -onis, f. (detrecto), a refusal;
mil iliac, Liv.
detrectator -oris, m. (detrccto), a dis-
parager, detractor; lauduin suaruin, Liv.
detrecto, l. (de-tracto), 1, to decline, refuse;
militiam, Caes. ; eertamen, Liv.; 2, todisjxnage,
detract from, depreciate; virluies, Liv, j bejjf
det
167
dev
detiirnentosus -a -inn (detrimcntum),
detrimental, hurtful; ab hoste discedere detri-
snentosum esse existimabat, Caes.
dctrlmentum -i, n. (detero), damage, in-
jury, detriment; a, gen., detrimentum capere
or accipere or facere, to suffer, Cic. ; alicui oma-
inento et praesidio non detrimento esse, Caes. ;
b, polit. t. t., videant (provideaut) consules or
videat (consul) lie quid rcspublica detrimenti
capiat or aecipiat, Cic.; c, inilit. t. t., loss,
defeat; magna detrimenta inferre, Caes.; d, loss
of money, property, etc. ; aestimando cuiusque
detrimento quatuor progencri Caesaris delecti,
Tac.
detritus -a -uni, partic of detero.
detrudo -tefisi -trusum, 3. I. Lit., A. Gen.
to push away, push down, thrust down; naves
scopulo, Vcrg. ; scutis tegunienta, Caes. B.
Esp. 1, milit. 1. 1., to dislodge an enemy from his
position; impetu conari detrudere virum, Liv. ;
2, legal t. t., to dispossess, eject; ex praedio vi,
Cic. II. Tran.sf., 1, to force, compel; aliquem
de sua sententia, Cic. ; 2, to postpone; comitia
in mensem Maitium, Cic.
detrunco, 1. 1, to lop or cut off; arbores,
Liv.; 2, to mutilate, behead; gladio detruueata
corpora, Liv.
dcturbo, 1. to drive away with violence, cast
down. I. Lit., A. Gen., aliquem de tribunali,
Caes. ; aliquem tabula, Cic. ; alicuius statuam,
Cic. B. Esp., milit. t. t., to dislodge, drive off;
nostros de vallo lapidibus, Caes. II. Transf.,
A, to deprive; aliquem de sanitate ac mente,
Cic ; deturbari ex magna spe, Cic. B. Esp.,
legal t. t., to eject, dispossess; aliquem posses-
sione, Cic.
Deucalion -onis, in. (AevxaAiW), son of
Prometheus, king of Phthia in Tliessuly, was saved
alone with his wife Pyrrha from the deluge, re-
peopltd the world by throwing stones behind his
bach; which stones became men, while the stones
that Pyrrha threw became women. Adj., Deu-
calioneus -a -uni, Deuadionian, undae, the
deluge, Ov.
deunx -uneis, m. (de and uneia), eleven-
twelfths of unity ; lieres ex deunce, Cic.
deuro -ussi -ustum, 3. 1, to burn, down, burn
utterly; agros vicosque, Liv.; 2, of cold, to
destroy, nip; liiems arbores duusserat, Liv.
deus -i, m., nom. plur. dei, dii, and di,
gonit. deorum or deum, dat. deis, diis, and dis,
voc. sing, deus (connected with Zev'y), a god, a
deity. A. Lit., aliquem ut deum colere, Cic;
dii lioininesque, the whole world, Cic. ; of female
deities, ducente deo, Venus, Verg. ; nee dextiae
erranti deus afuit, Allecto, Ov. ; esp. phrases,
di or dii boni, Cic; (pro) dii immortales, Cic. ;
pro deum atque honiiuum lidem, Cic. ; dii
meliora (feraut), Cic. ; si dii volunt, Cic. ; si
diis placet, Cic. B. Transf., a, of distinguished
persons, audiamus Platonem quasi quemdam
deum philosophorum, Cic. ; b, of patrons, pro-
tectors, etc, P. Lentulus cuius pater deus ac
parens fortuuae ac noininis mei, Cic.
deutor -uti -Qsus, 3. dep. to misuse, Sep.
devasto, 1. to lay waste, devastate; agrum,
fines, Liv.
deveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to bear, carry away,
convey away; legionem equis, Caes.; fiuuientum
in Graeciam, Liv.; pass., used as middle, devehi
(sc. navi), to sail; Veliam devectus, Cic.
dcvcllo -velli -vulsum, 3. to pull, pluclc, tear
away; ranimn trunco, Ov.
develo, 1. to unveil, uncover; ora, Ov.
dev&neror, 1. dep. to yeiieratCj worship;
tfws cvsni proce, Ov,
devenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come lo,arrivt
at, reach. I. Lit., ad senatuui, Cic; poet, with
ace, speluncain, S 7 erg. II. Transf., in victoris
maims, Cic; ad juris studiuui, Cic; in medium
certamen, Cic.
1. deversor, 1. dep. to lodge as a guest or
stranger; apud aliquem, Cic; ill ea domo, Cic;
absol., parum laute, Cic. • .
2. deversor -Oris, m. (deverto), a guest, Cic
deversdriolum -i, n. (dim. of deversorium),
a small lodging, Cic.
deversorius -a -uni (deverto), relating to
the accommodation of strangers ; taberna, Plaut.
Subst, deversorium -ii, n. an inn, lodging;
peropportununi, Cic; emere deversorium Tar-
racinae, Cic. ; transf., a place of resort, resting-
place; studiorum deversorium esse non libidi-
iium_, Cic.
deverticulum (devortieulum) -i, n. (de-
verto). I. A. Lit., a by-way, ~by-palh; quae
deverticula llexionesque quaesivisti, Cic. B.
Transf., a digression, Liv. II. a, an inn, lodg-
ing-place, Liv. ; b, a place of refuge, hiding-
place, Cic.
deverto (devorto) -verti (-vorti) -versum
(-vorsum), 3. • I. Transit., pass, (in jireseut
tenses), devertor, with middle signilication, to
turn aside from the way, betake oneself; si qui
Ebromagodeverterentur, Cic; esp. to stay, lodge;
ut locum publice pararet, ubideverteretur, Liv.;
iig., quid ad magieas deverteris aites, have re-
course to, Ov. II. Inlransit, to turn aside; a,
cum perpaucia via, Liv. ; transf., of discourse,
to digress ; redeamus ad illud unde devertimus,
Cic; b, to lodge, stay with, go to ; ad hospitem,
Cic. ; ad villain alicuius, Cic
devexus -a -iiib, adj. with compar. (de and
veho), going aside. I. Of motion, moving away
from, rolling from; a, of space, amnis devexus
ab Indis, Hor. ; Orion devexus, sinking, Hor. ;
b, of time, aetas jam a diuturnis laboribus de-
vexa ad otium, inclining to, Cic. II. Of posi-
tion, sloping downwards, slielving, steep; lueus
devexus in novam viain, Cic. •-•
devincio -vinxi -vinctum, 4. to bind, tie
fast. A. Lit., aliquem fasciis, Cic. B. Transf.,
to bind, fasten, connect; a, gen., illud vinculum
quod primum homines inter se reipublicao
societate devinxit, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t, to con-
nect ; verba comprehensioiie, Cic. ; c, to fetter,
bind (by power, eloquence, etc.); urbom prae-
sidiis, Cic ; animos eoium, qui audiant, volup-
tate, Cic. ; d, morally, to bind, pledge; aliquem
beneficio, Cic. ; se scelere, Cic .
deviuco -vlci -victum, 3. X. to conquer
thoroughly, subjugate; Galliam Germaniamque,
Caes. ; Poenos classe, Cic. II. Transf., Catonis
sententia devicit, ut in decreto perstaretur, Liv.
devinctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from devincio),
bound to, devoted to; iis studiis, Cic; devinctior
alicui; Hor.
devitatio -5nis, f. (devito), an avoiding;
legionum, Cic.
devito, 1. to avoid; procellam, Cic; dolor-
ein, Cic.
devius -a -um (de and via). A. Lit., a,
removed from the straight roadj out of the way ;
iter, Cic; oppidum, Cic; b," living'oui of the
way, retired, secluded; devia et silvestris gens,
Liv. ; esse devios, Cic; poet., wandering; mihi
devio, Hor.; uxores, goats, Hor. B. Transf.,
out of the way, erroneous, unreasonable; homo
in omnibus consiliis praeceps et devius, Cic.
devoco, 1. I. to call down ; suos ab tumulo,
Liv. ; Jovcm deosque ad auxilium, Liv. ; transf.,
pjiilosophiam e caelo, Cic, H, to call away. caU
aev
16S
die
off, recall; aliqucin dc provincia ad gloriam,
Cic. ; trausf., non avaritia ab instituto cursu ad
praedam aliquam devocavit, Cic. ; sese suas
exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocat-
urum, Caes.
devolo, 1. I. to fly down. A. Lit., per cael-
um, (of Iris), Verg. B. Transf., to hasten down;
alii praecipites in forum dcvolant, Liv. II. to fly
away to. A. Lit., turdus devolat illuc, ubi, etc.,
Hor. B. Transf., ad florentem (aiuicitiam), Cic.
devolve -volvl -vdlutuin, 3. A. Lit. a, to
roll down ; saxa : ■ muscDlum, Caes. ; corpora in
liuinura, Ov. ; pass, with middle signification,
to roll down, fall Iveadlong ; veluti monte prae-
cipiti devolutus torrens, Liv. ; b, to roll off;
pensa fusis, to spin off, Verg. B. Transf., per
audaces nova dithyrambos verba, Hor.; pass.,
devolvi as middle, to fall into; ad spem estis
inanem pacis devoluti, Cic.
devdro, l. I. Lit., to swallow, gulp down,
demur; id quod devoratur, Cic. II. Transf., A.
Of persons, a, of property, to consume, vxiste;
pecuniam publicum, Cic. ; patrimonium, Cic;
b, to swallow, suppress; lacriiuas, Ov. ; c, to
devour, consume; devorarespeetopinione praed-
am, Cic. ; d, to devour eagerly mentally ; illos
libros, Cic. ; e, to swallow down, hear without
understanding ; eius oratio a multitudine et a
foro deVorabatur, Cic. ; f, to swallow anything
unpleasant, to endure; hominum ineptias ac
itultitlas, Cic. B. Of things, me Zauclaea
Charybdis devoret, Ov.
devorticulum, v. devertieulum.
devortlum -ii, n. (deverto), a by-way, by-
vath ; itinerum, Tac.
devotio -6nis, f. (devoveo), 1, a consecrating,
devoting (esp. to tlie infernal gods) ; vitae or
capitis, Cic ; P. Decii consulis, Liv. ; plur.
beciol-um devotiones, Cic. ; 2, a curse, Nep.,
espi an enchantment, an incantation, Tac. ; 3,
1 vow ; eius devotionis esse convictum, Cic.
devoto, 1. (intens. of devoveo), to consecrate,
devote to death ; quae vis patrem Deeium, quae
fllium devotavit, Cic.
devdtus a -mn, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (devoveo), devoted; 1, to the infern;tl
gods, accursed; arbor, sanguis, Hor. ; 2, devoted
to any one, faithful, affectionate; cliens, Juv. ;
«!Ubst., dcvotl -drum, m. faithful followers, Caes.
devdveo -vovi -votum, 2. to consecrate, de-
vote. I. Kelig. t. t., to d*vote to a deity,
A. Gen., Diauae quod in suo regno pulcher-
rimuin natum esset, Cic. ; Marti ea quae cep-
erunt, Caes. B. Esp. 1, to devote to the infernal
gods, to devote to death; se diis iinmortalibus pro
republica, Cic ; devota corpora (Deciorum),
Liv.; 2, a, to-evrse, execrate; aliquein, Nep. ; b,
to bewitch, enchant, Tib. II. Transf., 1, to devote,
give up ; devovere animam alicui, for another,
Verg. ; 2, se devovere ulicui or alicui rei, to de-
vote, attach oneself; se alicuius amicitiae, Caes.
dextans -antis, m. (de and sextans), five-
sixths, Suet.
dextella -ae, f. (dim. of dextra), a little
right hand; Quintus tilius Antonii est dextella,
Cic.
doxtcr -tfra-terum, or more freq. -tra -hum,
eoiup. dexterfor -Ius, superl. dextlmas -a
-urn (Se!;mp6s). I, Lit, A. Adj., right, on, the
right hand, on the right side; manus, Cic; latus,
Hor. ; ab dextra parte, Caes. ; iota dexterior,
Ov. B. Subst., 1, dextera or dextra -ae,
f. (sc manus), the right luind; a, lit., ad dex-
trara, to the right, Cic. ; a dextra, on the right,
Caes. ; dextera or dextra, nn the right, Cnes. ;
dextrnrn dare, to give the right hand (as pledge
of faith), Liv..: b, tig. (a) fidelity; dominorum
dextras fallere, fidelity toimrds masters, Verg.'
(/3) dextram alicui tendere or porrigere, to Zip/;;
Cic. ; (-y) mea dextra, by my rigid hand, i.e.,
power, bravery, Ov., Hor.; 2, dextera or
dextra -orum, n. what is on the right, the right
side, Cic II. Transf., a, propitious; dexter
adi, Verg. ; b, skilful; rem dexter egit, Liv.
dextere or dextre, adv. with compar.
(dexter), dexterously, skilfully ; apud regem, lib-
eraliter dextreque obire officia, Liv.
dexteritaa -atis, f. (dexter), sinfulness,
dexterity, readiness, Liv.
dextrorsum and dextrbrsus,adv. (from
dextrovorsum), on the right hand, towards the.
right, Hor.
Pia -ae, f. (Aia), old name of the island of
Naxos.
Diablintes -urn and Diablinti -orum, m,
people in Gallia Lngdunensis, in what is now Dip.
de la Maine.
diadema -atis, n, (Siding a), n royal head-
dress, diadem; diadeina alicui or capiti alicuius
imponere, Cic ; diadema ponere, Cic.
diaet.a -ae, f. (Siaira), a way of living pre-
scribed by a physician, regimen, diet ; sed ego
diaeta curare incipio ; chirurgiae taedet, Cic.
DIag6ras -ae, m. (Ata-ydpas), 1, a poet und
philosopher of Melos, contemporary with Pindar
and Simonides; 2, an athlete of Rhodes, contem-
porary with Pindar.
1. di&lectlce, adv. (dialecticus), dialecti-
cally, Cic.
2. dialectice -5s, f. (StaXeKTiKij sc. Te'x^),
the art of dialectic, logic.
dialecticus -a -um (SiaKeKTiKos) relating to
discussion, dkdectical; captiones, Cic; subst.,
a, dialectica -ae f. (sc. ars), the art of dia-
lectic, Cic. ; b, dialectica -orum, n. dialecti-
cal discussion, Cic. ; c, dialecticus -i, m. a
dialectician, logician, Cic
Dialis -e (Ais = " Dis in Diespiter), relating
to Jupiter; flamen, Liv. ; or simply Dialis, Tac,
the priest of Jupiter; conjux sancta, the wife of
the priest of Jupiter, Ov.
dialdgUS -i, m. (iidXoyos), a philosophical
dialogue or conversation, Cic
Diana -ae, f. (old form for Jana, or imairg = thc
daughter of Zeus, orig. Diviana — Diva Jana), an
Italian goddess, identified with the. Creek Artemis,
daughter of Jupiter and Latona, sister of Apollo,
the virgin goddess of the moon and of hunting,
tria Virginia ora Dianae, the three forms of Diana;
Luna in, heaven, Diana on earth, Hecate in the
lower world, Verg. ; meton the moon, Ov. ; the
chase, Mart. Adj. Dianlns -u -um, belonging
to Diana, Ov. Subst, Dianium -Ii, n. a, a
place dedicated to Diana; b, a promontory in
Spain, now Denia, Cic.
dlarlum -ii, n. (dies), a day's allowance of
provisions for soldiers, Cic ; slaves, Hor.
dib&phus -um (later) -a -um (diftafyos), double*
dyed; purpura, Plin. Subst, dibaphus -i, f.
(sc vestis), the purple-striped robe, of the higher
magistrates at Borne ; Curtius dibaphum cogitat,
is longing for office, Cic
dlca -ae, f. (Siio;), « law-suit, action in a
Greek court; dicani scribere alicui, to bring an.
action against, Cic. ; dicam sortiri, to select the
jury by lot, Cic.
dlcacitas -atis, f. (dicax), jiungent wit,satirc,
raillery, Cic.
dicatio -onis, f. (1. dico), settling as a citizen
in another state, Cic.
djfcax -acis, adj. with compar. and supetj.
QIC
169
did
(J: diCo), witly, satirical, ironical, sarcastic; De-
mosthenes non tarn dicax fuitquam facetus, Cic.
dichoreus -i, m. v 6ixopetos), a double trochee,
Cic.
dicia, genit. (from unused nom. dix, from
dico), found only in the phrases, dicis causa,
dicis gratia, for form's sake, for appearance sake,
Cic.
1. dico, 1. (intens. of 2. dico). A. Lit., a,
religious t. t., to consecrate, dedicate, devote
to the gods ; donum Jovi dicatum, Cic. ; aram,
Jovi, Liv. ; templum, Ov. ; b, to deify, place
among the gods ; inter numina dicatus Augustus,
^Tac. B. Transf., a, to devote, give up to; hunc
totum diem tibi, Cic. ; b, se alicui, to devote one-
self to ; se Crasso, Cic. ; se alicui in clientelam,
Cacs. ; se civitati or in civitatem, to become a
citizen of another state, Cic.
•yC 2. dico, dixi, dictum, 3. (root DIC or DEC,
whence also dic-nus (dignus), dec-eo, 6'eoo'v/ii),
to say, relate, tell, mention. L Gen., ille, quern
dixi, he whom I have mentioned, Cic. ; ilia quae
dixi, Cic. ; Hilarum dico, / mean Hilarus, Cic. ;,
ne dicain, not to say ; crudelem ne dicam scelerat-
um, Cic; dicet aliquis, one might say, Cic. ; nisi
quid dicis, if you have nothing to say against it,
Cic. ; causam, to plead a cause, answer an ac-
cusation, Cic. ; causas in foro, to plead as an ad-
vocate, Cic. ; jus dicere, to administer justice, Cic. ;
sententiam (of a senator), to vote, Cic. ; ut dixi,
Cic. ; ut dictum est, Caes. ; foil, by ut or ne and
the subj., to command, Cic. ; pass., dicor, diceris,
dicitur, etc., it is said, the report is; with nom.
and infln., Aesculapius dicitur obligavisse, Cic. ;
• dicto citius, quicker than can be said, in a trice,
Verg. II. Esp. a (intransit.), to speak, deliver an
oration ; ars dicendi, the art of eloquence, Cic. ;
dicere pro reo, Cic. ; contra aliquem pro aliquo
apud centum viros, Cic; b, to name, call;
oibis qui kvkAos Graece dicitur, Cic ; with ace
of name, cui Ascanius parentes dixere nomen,
Liv. ; with double ace, quern dixere chaos, Ov. ;
C, to sing, describe, celebrate in verse, compose;
versus, carme», Verg., Hor. ; carrnina in im-
pcratoiem, Liv. ; alicuius facta, Verg. ; d, to
nominate, appoint; dictatorem et magistrum
equitum, Cic. ; with double ace, aliquem dictat-
orem, Caes. ; e,to fix, appoint, settle; diemoperi,
Cic. ; f , to say yes, affirm (opp. nego) ; quern esse
negas, eundem esse dico, Cic. (syncop. perf.
dixti = dixisti, Cie, Ov.).
dicrotum -i, n. (SUpoTov), a vessel having
two banks of oars, Cic.
dictamnum -i, n. and diotamnus -i, f.
(6i'«Taju.i/oi/ and -os), dittany, a plant found on
Mount Dicte and Mount Ida (Origanum dict-
amnum, Linn.), Cic.
dictata -orum, n. (dicto), that which is dic-
tated by a teacher, precepts, rules; iisdem de
rebus semper_quasi dictata decantare, Cic.
dictator -oris, m. (dicto). I. a commander,
dictator; a, the chief magistrate in the Latin
towns, Cic, Liv. ; b, in Rome, dictator, an ex-
traordinary magistrate, elected in times of great
emergency for six months, superseding all other
magistrates, and armed with absolute power. II.
Transf., the chief magistrate of Carthage, a suffete,
Liv.
dictatorius -a -um (dictator), relating or
belonging to a dictator, dictatorial; gladius, Cie;
invidia, against the dictator, Liv. ; juvenis, son
of the dictator, Liv.
dictatura -ae, f. (dictator), the office of dic-
tator, dictatorship J dictaturam gerere, Cic. ;
dictatura se abdicare, Caes. ; dictaturam abdic-
are, Liv.
Dicto -es, f. (Ai'ktjj), a mountain in Crete on
which Jupiter was reared: adj., Dictaeus -a
6* '
-um, arVUj Cretan, Verg. ; rex* Jupiter, Verg. ;
Minos, Ov.
diotio -Cm is, f. (2. dioo). I. Gen., A. a say-
ing, speaking, uttering ; sententiae, Cie; causae,.
defence, Cic. ; mnltae, fixing, Cie. B. Meton.,
a, the answer of an oracle, Liv. ; b, eonwrsation,
Tac. II. Esp. A. declamation, elocution ; dicti-
oni operam dare, Cic. B. Meton., 1, a speech;
dictiones subitae, extemporised, Cic. ; 2, diction ;
Attica, Cie
dictlto, 1. (freq. of 2. dico), 1, to say often ;
reiterate, assert repeatedly ; ut dictitabat, Caes. ;
quod levissimi ex Graecis dictitare solent, Liv.;
with ace and infln., Catilinam Massiliam ire,
Cic. ; with double ace, aliquem sanum recteqne
valentem, Hor. ; 2, esp. dictitare causas, to plead
causes frequently, Cie
dicto, 1. (intens. of 2. dico), to reiterate, re-
peat, say often, to dictate to an amanuensis, pupil,
etc. ; quod non modo tironi dictare, sed ne ipse
quidem auderem scribere, Cie; epistolam, Cie;
versus, Hor. ; carrnina Livii, Hor.
dictum -i, n. (2. dico), a word, saying, speech.
I. Gen., nullum meum dictum, non modo fac-
tum, intercessit, quod, etc., Cie; dicta tristia,
complaints, wailing, Ov. ; mutua dicta reddere,
to converse, Liv. II. Esp., 1, a maxim, sentence,
saying ; Catonis est dictum, it is a maxim of
Cato's, Cic. ; 2, a witty saying, a bon-mot; dicta
dicere in aliquem, Cic. ; 3, a command, order ;
dicto paruit consul, Liv. ; 4, watch-icord, pass-
word, Nep.
Dictynna -ae, f. (AiKruwa), surname of Ar-
temis. Hence, Dictynneum -i, n. temple of
Artemis Dictynna, near Sparta.
1. Dido -us or (gen.) -onis, f. (AiW), the
founder of Carthage, daughter of Belus, king of
Tyre, sister of PuprnaUon, wife of Sichaeus ; also
called Elisa or Elissa.
2. dido, dldldi, didltum, 3. (dis and do), a,
to divide, distribute; dum mania didit, Hor.;
b, to spread, disseminate; dlditur hie subito
Trnjana per ngmina rumor, Verg. '
diduco -duxi -ductum, 3. (dis and duco).
I. to draw apart, stretch out, expand; pugnum,
Cic. ; rictum, Hor. ; fores, Tac. II. to separate,
divide. A. Gen.. 1, a, assem in partes cent-
um, Hor. ; b, milit. 1. 1. (o) to divide, distribute;
aciem in cornua, Liv. ; (J3) to scatter the enemy,
disperse ; adversariorum manus, Caes. ; 2, transf.,
oratio rivis diducta est, non fontibus, Cic. ; vast-
ius diduenntur. verba, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to se-
parate forcibly ; aliquem ab aliquo, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
animus varietate rerum diductus, distracted, Cic.
diductio -onis, f. (diduco), a separating, Cic.
diecula -ae, f. (dim. of dies), a little day;
dieculam ducere, Cic.
dies -ei, m. and f. in sing, (in Cic. fern, only
when it applies to a fixed time or period of time
or in the date of a letter), in plur. only mase
I. Gen., A. Lit., d day; hesterno, hodierno,
crastino die, Cic; postero die, Cic; postera die,
Sail. ; diem de die,' Liv., or diem ex die, Caes.,
from day to day ; in dies, daily, Cic. ; ad diem or
ad certain diem, for the appointed day, Caes. ;
inulto die, late in the day, Caes. ; ad multum
diem or ad multum diei, till late in the day, Liv. ;
bis in die, twice a day, Cie. ; die et nocte, a day
and a night, Cic. ; noctes et dies, night and day,
Cic. ; so diem noctem, Cie B. Meton., the
business or events of the day ; diei poenas dare,
Cie ; exercere diem, the day's work, Verg. ; day-
light, Verg. ; transf., videre diem, to see the light
of day, Ov. ; a day's march ; diemm plus tri-
giuta iu longitudinem patere, Liv. II. Esp.,
A. 1, gen., a fixed day or time; pecuniae, pay-day,
Cic; prodicere, to put off a fixed day, Liv.; diem
Die 170
ex die ducerc, to put off from one. day to another,
Caes. ; diein perexignam postulavi, Cic ; diem
obire, to wait for, Cic. ; alios non solvere, ali-
oruin diem nondum esse, day for payment not
arrived, Cic; 2, esp., birthday ; dies meus, Cic;
3, the day of death ; obire diem snpremum,
Nep. ; 4. date of a letter; in altera dies erat
aseripta Nonarum Aprilium, etc, Cic. B. time ;
\uod est dies allatura, Cic
Diespiter -tris, in. (Umbrian = Aij nanjp),
J-ttpiter, Hdr.
diffamo, 1. (dis and fama); to spread abroad
an evil repoi-t, to defame ; viros illustres procac-
ibus scriptis, Tac.
differens -entis, v. differo. -
differentla -ae, f. (differo), difference, dis-
tinction.; honesti et deeori, Cic.
differltas -Stis, f. (differo), difference, Lucr.
differo, distflli, diiatum, differre, 2. (dis and
fero). I. Transit., A. to carry in different direc-
tions, spread abroad, scatter; 1, lit, nlnos in
versum, to plant, Verg. ; ignem, to spread, Caes. ; 2,
transf. , a, (a) rumorem, to spread, Li v. ; 03) aliquem
variis nmioribus, to malign, Tac. ; b, of time,
to put off, delay, postpone ; tempus, Cic. ; bellum,
Liv.; aliquem in tempus aliud, Cic; rem in
aliud tempus, Caes. ; se differre, to tarry, Ov. ;
with infin., nee differret obsides ab Arretinis
accipere, Liv. B. to separate violently, disperse,
Katter ; aquilo dilfert nubila, Verg.; classem
Cis venti distulit, Hor. II, Intransit. (without
perf. or supine), to differ, be different; inter se,
Cic ; ab aliquo or ab aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliqua
re, Cic. ; nihil dilfert inter deiim et deum, Cic
differtus -a -urn (dis and farcio), stuffed full,
crammed, full ; provincia dili'erta praefectis atque
exactoribus, Caes.
diff icllis -e, adj. with compar. and superl.
(dis and faoilis), difficult. A. Lit., res arduae
ac difflciles, Cic. ; of places, diffiadt, dangerous ;
Iter, Sail. ; aditus, Caes. ; of time, critical, dan-
gerous ; tempus anni diflicilliinum, Cic ; est
difficile with infin., est difficile confundere, Cic;
with ad, difflcilius ad eloqueiidum, Cic. B.
Transf., of character, hard to'piease, surly, morose,
captious, obstinate; parens in liberos diflicilis,
Cic. ; difflcilis alicui, Liv.
difficiliter, adv. with compar. difficIHus
and superl. ditfiellllme (difflcilis), with difficulty,
Cic
diff icultas -atis, f. (difflcilis), difficulty, need,
peril, trouble, distress. A. Lit, dicendi, navig-
andi,Cic; looi,Sall.; magnamhaecCaesari difll-
cultatem ad consilium atferebat si, etc, Caes. ;
nuinmaria, pecuniary embarrassment, Cic; do-
mestica, distressed circumstances, Cic. B. Transt. ,
obstinacy, moroseness, Cic
difficulte'r, adv. (difflcilis), with difficulty,
Caes.
diffidens, p. adj. (diffldc). distrustful, dif-
fident, Sail.
diffidenter, adv. (diffidens), diffidently,
without confidence; altera timide et diffldenter
attingere, Cic.
dlffidentfa -ae, f. (diffidens), want of con-
fidence, diffidence, distrust, despair; fidentiae con-
trarium est diffldentia, Cic. ; diffidentiam rei
siinulare, Sail.
diffido -f isus smn, 3. (dis and fldo), to have
no confidence, mistrust, be hopeless, despair ; sibi,
Cic; suis -rebus, Caes.; vii-tut' milituin, Sail.;
with ace. 8ml infin., rem posse confici diffido,
Cic. ; absol., Jacet, diftidit, abjecit hastas, Cic.
diffindo -fTdi -flssum, 3. (dis and findo), to
split, cleave. A. Lit, saxum, Cic; portas miin-
eribus, open, Hor. B. Transf., a, eqnidem
dig
nihil hnic difflndere possum, / hare nothing to
say against your opinion, I must agree to it, Hor.;
b, legal t. t, diem, to' postpone, Liv.
diffingo -finxi -Actum, 3. (dis and fingo), to
form again, forge anew; ferritin incude, Hor.;
tig., to change, Hor.
diffiteor -eri, 2. dep. (dis and fateor), to
deny, disavow, Ov.
diffluo -fluxi -fluxum, 3. (dis and fluo). A.
Lit, to flow in different directions; ut nos quasi
extra ripas difthientes coerceret, Cic. B. a,
juvenes sndore dillluentes, dripping with sweat,
Phaedr. ; transf., otio, to give oneself up to, Cic. ;
luxnria, Cic; b, to dissolve, melt away ; cliltiuit
acervus, Lucr.; transf., uti per socordiam vires,
tempus, ingenium dillluxere, Sail.
diffugio -fiigi -fugltum, 3. (dis and fugio), to
fly Apart, fly in different directions, to disperse;
metu perterriti repente diffugimtis, Cic.
diffuglum -li, n. (diffugio), a dispiersion, Tac.
diffundo -ffuli -fiisum, 3. (dis and fundo).
I. Lit, A. to pour out on all sides, pour forth ;
vina, Hor.; sanguis. per venas in oinne corpus
diffunditur, Cic B, to spread, scatter, diffuse;
pass., diffundi, used as middle, lux diffusa toto
caelo, Cic ; diffusis capillis, Ov. II. Transf.,
A. Gen., Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et
tribus et gens per Latium, spread abroad, Verg.;
error longe lateque diffusus, Cic B. Esp., to
h tighten up, gladden; diffundere aminos niuiieic
Bacchi, Ov.; ut bonis amici quasi ditfundantur
et incominodis contrahantur, Cic.
diffuse, adv. (diffusus), copiously, diffusely;
dicere aliquid, Cic
diffusilis -e (diffundo), easily extending
itself, diffusive; aether, Lucr.
diffusus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (dif-
fundo), spread out, extensive, wide. A. Lit.,
platanus diffusa ramis, Cic. B. Transf., jus
civile quod nunc diffusum (prolix) et dissipatum
est, in certa genera coacturum, Cic
digamma, n. indecl. (SCyan^a), or digam-
ma -ae, f., or digammon -i, n. (Siyafinov) or
digammos -i, f. I. the Aeolic digamma (F).
IL (In jest) = rental or investment book, from
P, the first letter of Fenus ; tuum digamma
yideram, Cic.
Digentia -ae, f. a brook flowing through
Horace's estate into tlie Anio, now Liccnza.
digero -gessi -gestum, 3. (dis and gero), to
cuitij ajKirt in different directions, to se)viratr,
sunder, divide. I. Lit, 1, to plant out ; vacuos
si sit digesta per agios (arbor), Verg. ; 2, to ar-
range, fiut in order; capillos, Ov. II. Transf.,
1, to divide : septem digestus in cornua Nilus,
Ov. I 2, to arrange; jus civile in genera, Cic;
reinpublicam bene, Cic ; nomina in codicem
accepti et expensi, Cic. ; 3, to cauit; qui matiis
digerit aunos, Ov.
digestio -onis, f. (digero), rhet. fig. = ^epio--
/j(5?, distribution, Cic
digestus -a -um, v. digero.
digitulus -i, m. (dim. of digitus), a little
finger, Cic.
digitus -i, m. (conn, with Je'x°' lai )- I. Lit.
A the finger ; pollex, the thumb, Caes.; index,
Hor. ; digitos comprimere pugiiuiuque fatere,
Cic. ; digitos extendere, Cic ; concrepare digitis,
Cic. ; digito se caelum attigisse putare, to think
himself almost in heaven, Cic ; tnos digitos novi.
thy skill in counting, Cic. ; liceri digito, Cic ;
tollere digitum, to raise the finger as a sign of a
bid at an auction, Cic; ne digitum quidein ali-
Ctlius rei causa porrigrre, not to move a finger,
Cic. ; digito aliquem attingere, to touch gently,
dig
171
dil
Cic. ; primoribus labris gustasse hoc genus vitae
et extremis, ut dioitur, digitis attigisse, Cic.
B. the toe ; insistere digitis, to tread on the toes,
Ov ; constitit in digitos arrectus, Verg. II.
Meton., as a measure, a finger's breadth, an
inch, the sixteenth part of a Soman foot ; quatuor
patens digitus, Caes. ; prov., ab hau (regula)
niilii non lieet ttansversum, ut aiunt, digitum
discedere, Cic.
digladior, 1. dep. (dis and gladius). A.
Lit., to fight for life and death, struggle fiercely ;
inter sesieis, Cic B. Transf., to dispute in words;
inter se de aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic.
dignatio -onis, f. (dignor), dignity, reputa-
tion, honour, Liv.
dignc, adv. (dignus), worthily ; quis de tali
cive satis digue umquaiu loquetur? Cic.
dignitas -atis, f.'(dignus). I. worth, worthi-
ness, merit ; honos dignitate inipetratus, Cic. II.
Meton. A. the consequence of worth; 1, esteem,
reputation, honour ; a. civitatis dignitatem et
decus sustiuere, Cic. ; b, rank in the state, posi-
tion; altus dignitatis gradus, Cic; aliquem ad
suminam dignitatem perducere, Caes.; c, an
office of honour, Cic. ; d, dignitates, men of rank
and position, Cic; 2, honour, dignity; agere
cum dignitate, Cic. B. Transt'., of things that
bring honour, a, of persons, a dignified, seemly
exterior; in formis aliis dignitatem esse, aliis
venustatem, Cic; b, of buildings, etc., impos-
ing appearance; porticus, Cic; c, of expres-
sion, dignity; orationis, Tac.
digno, 1. to consider worthy ; quae consimili
lande dignentur, Cic
dignor, 1. dep. (dignus), 1, to consider worthy ;
baud equidem tali me dignor honore, Verg. ; 2,
to regard as worthy of oneself, to deign, and with
a neg., to disdain, Verg.
dignosco -novi, 3. (dis and nosco), 3. to
recognise as different, to distinguish ; rectum
curvo, Hot. ; non civem hoste, Hor. ; geiuinos
inter se similes vix dignoscere posse, Ov.
dignus -a -inn, adj. with compar. and
superl. (dic-nus, root JDIC or DEK, whence
deceo), worthy, deserving. I. With abl. laude,
Cic. ; niemoria, Cic. ; with supine, dictu, Liv. ;
followed by a relative, qui aliquando imperet
dignus, worthy to command, Cic. ; with ut and
the subj., quos ut socios habercs dignos duxis.ti,
Liv.; poet, with infin., puer cantavi dignus,
Verg. ; with ad, amicus dignus huic ad imitand-
um, Cic. ; absol., diligere non dignos, Cic. II.
Transf., worthy of a person or thing, becoming,
suitable, fitting; with abl., facere quid docto
homine et aniico dignum fuerit, Cic. ; with pro,
quidnam pro ofl'ensione hominum dignum eloqui
possiin, Cic; absol., fitting, suitable, sufficient ;
qui maeror dignus in tanta calamitate inveniri
potest, Cic ; dignum est, foil, by infin. or ace
with infin., Cic.
digredior -gressus sum -gr&li, (dis and
gradior), '.',. dep. A. Lit., to go apart, go asunder,
separate, depart; luna turn congrecliens cum
.sole, turn digrediens, Cic; ab aliquo, Cic; a
Corcyra, Liv. ; ex loco, Caes. ; in urbem, Tac ;
via, Liv.; B. Transf., to deviate; a, de causa,
Cic ; a causa, Cic. ; b, of discourse, to digress ;
digredi ab eo quod proposueris, Cic
digressio -onis, f. (digredior), II, a separa-
tion, departure, Cic ; 2, a digression in dis-
course ; a proposita oratione, Cic.
digressus -us, m. (digredior), a separation,
departure ; digressus et discessus, Cic. ; digress-
us (luuae a sole), Cic.
dijudicatio -onis, f. (dijudico), an adjudi-
saliun v decision, Cic.
dijudico, 1. (dis and judieo) ; 1, to decide,
adjudicate, determine; controversiain, Cic; lit-
em, Hor.; to decide by arms; dijudieata belli
fortuna, Caes. ; 2, to distinguish, discern a differ-
ence ; vera et falsa, Cic ; vera a J'alsis dijudicare
et distinguere, Cic.
dijun ... v. disjun . . .
dilabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. (dis and labor).
1. tu glide apart. A. Lit., a, of houses, bodies,
etc., to fall to pieces, fall down ; aedis Jon vet-
ustate dilapsa, Liv. ; b, of fluids, to melt, dis-
solve, disappear ; eadeni (aqua conglaciata) ad-
niixto colore liquefacta et dilapsa, Cic B.
Transf., to Jail to decay, be ruined, disappear;
rem faniiliarem dilabi sinere, Cic. ; dilapsa esse
robora corporum animorumque,' Liv. II. to
glide away from. A. Lit., to slip away, esp. of
soldiers, to escape, disappear; exercitus brevi
dilabitur, Sail. ; nocte in sua tecta, Liv. ; of
rivers, to glide away ; Fibrenus rapide dilapsus,
Cic B." Transf., to vanish, disappear; 1, sunt
alii plures fortasse sed de mea niemoria dilab-
untur, Cic. ; 2, esp. of time, to go by ; dilapso
tempore, Sail.
dilacero, 1. (dis and lacero), to tear in
pieces. A. Lit, aliquem, Ov. B. Transf., rem-
publicam, Cic.
dilamino, 1. (dis and lamina), to split intuv,
Ov.
dilanio, 1. (dis and lanio), to tear in pieces ;
cadaver, Cic
dilargior, 4. dep. (dis and largiorV to lavish
abroad, give liberally ; qui omnia quibus voluit
dilargitus est, Cic.
dilatio -Onis, f. (differo), a putting off, delay-
ing, postponing; temporis, Cic; belli, Liv.;
sine dilatione. Liv. ; res dilationem non recipit
or non patitur, Liv.
dilato (dis and latus), 1. to spread out, ex-
tend. I. Lit., manuin, Cic; aciem, Liv. II,
Transf., A. Gen., noineii in contiuentibus terris,
Cic ; legem in ordinem cunctuin, to extend, Cic
B. Esp. 1, litteras, to pronounce broadly, Cic. ;
2, of speech, to enlarge, amplify ; orationem, Cic.
dilator -oris, m. (differo), a dilatory person,
a loiterer, Hor.
dilatus, v. differo.
dilaudo, 1. (dis and laudo), to praise highly ;
libros, Cic.
1. dilectus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from diligo), beloved, dear ; dilecti tibi
poetae, Hor.
2. dilectus -us = delectus (q.v.).
diligens -eutis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from diligo). I. Gen., assiduous, accur-
ate, careful, sedulous, diligent (opp. negligens),
a, of persons, omnibus in rebus, Cic. ; with
genit., diligentissiinus onmis officii, Cic. ; with
Sat., Corinthios publicis equis assiguandis fuissa
diligentes, Cic; with ad and the gerund, ad
custodiendum, Cic. ; b, of things which bear
marks of attention, assidua ac diligens scriptura,
Cic. II, Esp. careful in housekeeping, econom-
ical, 'saving ; homo frugi ac diligens, Cic; in ro
hereditaria, Cic.
diligenter. adv. with compar. and superl.
(diligens), carefully, assiduously, accurately, dili-
gently ; aliquem benigne et diligenter audire,
Cic. ; iter caute diligenterque facere, Caes.
diligentia -ae, f. (diligo). A. Gen. careful-
ness, attentiveness, accuracy, diligence ; with obj.
genit., testamentorum, Cic; with in and the abl.,
pro mea sunnna in republica diligentia, Cic. ;
non mediocrein adhibere diligentiani, Caes. ;
diligentiam adhibere ut or ne (with the subj.),
Cic. ; adhibere ad consideraudas res et tenipns
dil
172
Bio
et diligeiitiam, Cic. ; omnia acerbissima dili-
gentia perpendere, Cic. B. Esp. care in manage-
ment of a household, frugality ; res familiaris con-
servari (debet) diligentia atque parsimouia, Cic.
dillgo -lexi -lectum, 3. (dis and lego, to
choose), to prise, love, esteem, highly; aliquem,
Cic; aliquem diligere et carum habere, aliquem
colere atqne diligere, Cic. ; se lpsura, Cic. ; inter
se, Cic; of things, linnc locum, Cic; alicuius
consilia, offlcia, to be satisfied with, Cic.
dilorico, 1. (dii and lorico), to tear open;
tunieam, Cic.
diluceo, 2. (dis and luceo). tohe clear, evident ;
dilucere deinde fraus coepit, Liv.
dilucesco -luxi, 8. (inchoat. of diluceo), to
grow light, become day; a, pcrs., omnem crede
diem tibi diluxisse supremum, Hor. ; b, im-
pels., quum jam dilucesceret, Cic.
dilucide, adv. with compar. and superl.
(dilueidus), clearly, plainly, lucidly; plane et
dilucide dieere, Cic.
dilacidns -a -nm, clear, lucid, plain; orntio,
Cic. ; dilucidis verbis uti, Cic
diluculum -i, n. (diluceo), the break of day,
dawn; primo diluculo, Cic. ; diluculo, at dawn,
Cic.
diludium -ii, n. Mis and ludus), the period
of rest for gladiators between the days of public
ej-hibition; transf., diludiaposco, breathing-time,
rest, Hor.
diluo -liii -lutmtl, 3. (dis and luo), to wash
aicay, to dissolve. A. Lit., a, ne canalibus aqua
imniissa lateres diluere posset, Cr.es. ; unguenta
laerimis, Ov.; b, to dilute, temper; vinum, Mart.;
Yenemnn» Liv. B. Transf., a, to weaken the
force of, lessen, imjxtir ; molestias, Cic. ; curam
niultn mero, Ov. ; b, to expose th< falseness of a
statement, refute. ; crimen, Cic. ; diluere aliquid
et falsurn esse docere, Cic.
dilutUS -a -mn, v. diluo.
?'iluvies -Si, f. (diluo), o washing away, in-
undation, Hor.
uiluvlo, 1. (diluvium), to overflow, Lncr.
diluvium -Ii, n. (diluo), a flood, deluge, in-
undation, Verg.
dimano, 1. (dis and mano), to flow in differ-
ent direiiious, spread- itself abroad; fig. mens
hie forensis labor vitaeque ratio dimanavit ad
existiinationem hominum, Cic
diraensio -5nis, f. (dimetior), a measuring;
quadrati, Cic
dimetior -mensus, 4. ilep. (dis and metior),
to measure out. I. Lit. A. Gen., a, act., atqne
ego ista sum dimensus, Cic ; b, pass., a quo
essent ilia dimensa atqne deseripta, Cic; tigna
dimensa ad altitudinem tluminis, Caes. B.
Esp. a, milit. t.t., to measure out a place for a
camp; operedimenso, Caes. ; b, astronom. t.t.,
caelum atqne terrain, Cic. ; pass., certis di-
mensus partibus orbis, Verg. ; c, metric t.t.,
syllabas, Cic ; versum, Cic. II. Transf., au-
diam civem digitis peccata dimetientem sua, Cic.
dimeto, l. (dis and meto), and dep. dime-
tor, l. to measure the boundaries of, Cic ; locum
castris dimetari jussit, Liv. ; dep., eorum Clirsua
(ace) dimetati, Cic
dimtcatlo-onis, f. (dimico), 1, a fight, strug-
gle, contest in arms; proelii, Cic ; 2, any con-
test or struggle; vitae, for life and death, Cic;
capitis, Cic
dimico -avi or -ni, 1. (dis and mico). A. to
fight, contend, struggle, in arms ; pro patria, Cic. ;
proelio, Caes. B. Transf., to struggle, contend,
strive; omni r.itione erit dimicandum ut, etc.,
Cic. ; de faina, de civitate, Cic.
dimidiatus -a -um (dimidiuin), halved, di-
vided, half; mensis, Cic. ; partes versiculorum,
Cic_
dimidius -a -um (dis and medius), halved,
divided in half; gen. with pars, dimidia pars,
the half, Cic. ; teirae, Cic ; of persons, fratei
meus diuiidius major est qunm totus, Cic.
Subst., dimidium -ii, n. the half; pecuniae,
Cic ; dimidio with a compar., stultior, by half,
Cic ; prov., dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,
well begun is half done, Hor.
diminutio, v. deminntio,
dimissio -onis, f. (dimitto), 1, a sending
out ; libertorum ad provincias, Cic. ; 2, a dis-
missing, discharging ; remiguni, Cic.
dimitto -raisi -missum, 3. (dis and mitto).
I. to send forth, send in different directions; puer-
os circum amicos, Cic. ; litteras per mniies pro-
vincias, Caes. ; nuntios in omnes partes, Caes. ;
aciein (oculorum) in omnes partes, Ov. II. to
send a icay from oneself, let. go. A. Lit. 1, gen.,
a, legatos, Liv. ; tabeliarium, Cic. ; hostein ex
multibus, let slip, Caes. ; regein spoliatum, Cic ;
b, of things, to let droji ; signa ex metu, Caes. ;
libium e manibus, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, of persons,
(u) to adjourn a meeting, dismiss ; senatum, Cic. ;
(,8) milit. t.t., to discharge; exercitum, Caes. ; b,
of things, to give up; provinciam, Liv. B.
Transf., l,gen., quare istos sine ulla contumelia
dimittamus, Cic; 2, esp. to let drop, give up,
renounce, aliandon, leave, ; oppngnatioiiem, Caes.;
quaestionem, Cic. ; injuriam ignoniiniamqne
noniinis Romani inultam impunitamque, Cic.
dimoveo -movi -mutum, 2. (dis and moveo),
to move asunder, part, separate, divide. A. Lit.,
terrain aratro, to plough, Verg. ; aquam corpora,
Ov. B. to separate, remove, to take away ; a, spes
societatis equites Romanos a plebe dimovet,
Sail. ; b, statu sua sacra, Liv.
Dinarchus -i, m. (AeiVapxos), mi Athenian
orator, contemporary with Demosthenes.
Dindymus -i, m. and Dindyma -Sruin,
II. (Aii'&Vfioi;, SiySv/j,a Ta), a mountain in Mysia,
sacred to Cybele; hence Dindyiiiene -es, f.
Cybele, Hor.
dinosco = dignosco (q.v.).
dinumoratio -5nis, f. (dinumero), an enu-
meration; dierum ac noetiuni, Cic.
dinumero, 1. (dis and nuinero), to count up,
enumerate. A. Gen., Stellas, Cic ; regis annus,
Cic. B. Esp. to count money, to pay ; ccnturiat
Capuae, dinumerat, counts out the gold, Cic.
DloddrUB -i, ni. (Aioiwpoj). I. a vh ilosopher,
contemporary of 1'toleinaeus Soter. II. a peri-
patetic philosopher, of Tyre, flourishing about
109 B.C. III. (Siculus), a Greek historian.
dioecesis -60S and -is, t. (Sioi'kjjo-cs), the dis-
trict of a. magistrate, Cic.
dioecetes -ae, in. (5toi»o)T7J?), a finance officer
or treasurer, Cic
Diogenes -is, m. (Ato-yen)?), the name of
several. Creek, philosophers, the most notorious of
whom, was tlie Cynic philosopher ofSinope.
Diomedcs is, in. (Ato/iijSrjs), 1, a. hero of
the Trojan war, son ofTydeus, prince of Calydon,
said to have subsequently settled in Apulia., and to
hare founded. Arpi; hence, adj., Diomedcus
-a -mn, relating to Diomedes ; 2, king of the
J'istones in Thrace, who gave, his captives as food.
to his horses.
Dion -onis, m.(Auui'), brother-in-la U) ofDiony-
sins I., tyrant of Syracuse, killed by a conspiracy.
Dione -es, f. and Diona -ae, f. (AnJn;), 1,
the mother of Venus, daughter of Oceanus ami
Tethys or of Aether and Gam ; 2, Venus, Adj.,
Dio
173
dis
Dionaeus -a -um, relating to Dione, or Venus,
mater, i.e. Venus, Verg. ; Caesar (by the legend),
descendant of Aeneas, sonof Venus,Yerg. ; antrum,
sacred, to Venus, Hor.
Bidnyslus -li, m. (Aioiwios), 1, the Elder,
Tyrant of Syracuse 406-367 b.c. ; 2, his son
and successor, tyrant, 367-356, B.C.
Dionysus -i, in. (Aidrucros), the Greek name
of Bacchus; hence Di6nysia -orum, n. the
feast of Dionysus.
diota -ae f. (fiiiuTij). a two-handled wine-jar,
Hor._
Diphllus -i, m. (Ai^iAos), a comic, poet of
Sinope, contemporary of ilenander and Philemon,
imitated by Plautus.
diploma -atis, n. (SiVAuj/za.), literally, a folded
letter; 1, under the republic, a circular letter
of introduction given to travellers by the govern-
ment, in order to facilitate their journey, Cic. ;
2, under the empire, a government document
co)iferring privileges on the persons to whom it
was addressed, Tac.
Dipylon, -i, u. (AinvXov), the double door,
name of the Thriasian gate at Athens.
Dirce -es, f. (At'pK>i). I. the wife of Lycus
king of Thebes, bound to a bull by Amphion and
Zethus, and thrown (or changed) into the fountain
named after her. II. the fountain of Dirce, to the
north-west of Thebes. Adj., Dircaeus -a -um,
Dircean, Boeotian; cygnus, Pindar, Hor.
directe, adv. with compar. (directus),
straightforward, in a straight line; 1, horizon-
tally, Cic. ; transf., dicere, directly, Cic. ; 2, per-
pendicularly ; directe ad perpendiculum, Caes.
direoto, adv. (directus), in a straightforward
way, directly, Cic.
directus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (dir-
igo), 1, straight, direct, either in a horizontal or
perpendicular direction ; paries, Cic. ; iter, Cic;
trabes, Caes. ; 2, straightforward, plain, simple;
verba, Cic. ; homo, Cic.
diremptus -us, m. (diriino), a separation,
Cic._
direptlO -onis, f. (diripio), a plundering,
pillaging ; urbs relicta direptioni, Cic. ; bonoruin
direptio, Cie.
direptor -oris, ru. (diripio), a plwnderer,
pillager, Cic.
diribSo -ui -ituru, 2. (for dis -hibeo, from
habeo), to sort the voting tickets which were cast
into the balloting urn ; tabellas, Cic.
diribltio -onis, f. (diribeo), the sorting of
the voting tickets, Cic.
diribltor oris, m. (diribeo), the officer whose
duty it was to sort the voting tickets, Cic.
dlrlgo -rexi -rectum, 3. (dis and rego). I.
to set straight, arrange in a straight line; pass,
dirigi, to proceed in a straight line; transf.,
dirigitur (argunieutatio) quum proposuit ali-
quid quod probaret, Cie. II. to arrange,
direct. A. Lit., 1, as regards motion, a, of
ships, carriages, journeys, etc., to direct; ad
castra Corneliana vela, Caes. ; cursum eo (quo),
Cic. ; iter ad Mutiuatn, Cic. ; b, of weapons,
to aim, direct; hastaiu in aliquem, Ov. ; c, of
the sight, aciem ad aliquem, Cat. ; 2, of posi-
tion, a, to arrange, order, dispose; (a) in quin-
cuncem ordines (arborum), Cic. ; (p) milit. 1. 1.,
to draw up; aciem, Caes.; naves in pugnam,
Liv. ; b, to raise, erect; opera, Caes. B. Transf.,
a, to direct, guide; dirige vatis opus, Ov. ; in-
transit, to lead ; ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. ; b, to direct the thoughts, attention, etc., to
something ; suas cogitationes ad aliquid, Cic. ;
C, to direct a speech to, to address; orationem
ad aliquid, Cic. ; d, to settle, arrange, fix, dis-
pose ; vitam ad certain rationis normam, Cie- ;
utilitate otticiuni magis quam humauitate, Cic.
diriino -end -emptuiu, 3. (dis and emo). 1. 1,
to part ; separate , sunder, divide; Sabinae wuli-
eres ex transverso impetu facto dirimere iufestas
acies, diriinere iras, Liv. ; 2, to interrupt, hinder,
disturb, put off, break off; a, an assembly or
conversation, actum est de eo nihil ; nox dircm-
it, Cic. ; ea res colloquium ut diremisset, Caes. ;
esp. of omens, to interrupt (as inauspicious) ;
consilia, Liv.; b, a fight, engagement, proelium,
Liv. ; a war, contention, bellum inter Philippum
atque Aetolos, Liv. ; c, an alliance, league, to
breakup; veterem conjunctionem civium, Cic.
II, to divide ; quae urbs Volturno flumine dir-
empta Falernum a Campano agro dividit, Liv.
diripio -rlpui -reptum, 3. (dis and rapio),
I. to tear to pieces. A. Lit., Hippolytum, Ov.
B. Transf. to plunder, pillage, destroy ; socios,
Cic. II. to tear away ; a pectore vestera, Ov. ;
res pulcherrimas ex tota Asia, Cic.
diritas -atis, f. (dirus), 1, misfortune, disaster,
Cic. poet.; 2, cruelty, fierceness; quanta in al-
tero diritas, in altero coinitas, Cic.
dirumpo -riipi -ruptum, 3. to break in
p>ieces, shatter. 1. Lit., tenuissimam quamque
partem (nubis) dividere atque dirumpere, Tac. ;
(homo) diruptus, ruptured, Cic. II. Transf., a,
dirupi me paene in judicio Galli Caninii, shouted
Diyself hoarse in defending, etc., Cic; middle,
dirumpi, to burst with envy, grief, anger, etc. ;
dirumpi plausu alicuius, to burst with envy at the
applause given to some one else, Cic. ; dolore, Cic;
b, to sever, break up; amicitiam, Cic; societ-
atein, Cic
diruo -ui -iitum, 3. (dis and ruo), to pull
down, raze to the ground, destroy. A. Lit.,
urbeni, Cic. ; agmina vasto impetu, to scatter,
Hor. B. Transf., aere dirui, to be mulcted of
one's pay, Plin. ; in quibus (castris), quum fre-
quens esset, tamen aere dirutus est, ruined by
gambling, Cic; homo diruptus dirutusque, bank-
rupt, Cic.
dirus -a -um (connected with fctpd;), fear-
ful, horrible, dire. A. Of unfavourable omens,
omen, Ov. ; subst., dirae -arum, f. unlucky
omens, Cic. ; so dlra -5rum, n., Cic. B. Transf.,
horrible, cruel, frightful; a, of things, ex.se-
cratio, Verg.; venena, Hor.; subst., dirae
-arum, f. curses; diris again vos, Hor.; con-
tingere funebribus diris signa tela arma host-
ium, Liv.; b, of persons, cruel, terrible; dea,
Circe, Ov. ; Hannibal, Hor.; subst., personif.,
Dira -ae, f. a Fury, Verg. ; gen. plur. often
with ultrices, Furies, Verg.
1. dis, inseparable particle, meaning away
from, takes the form of. dis-, di-, and dir-.
2. DlS, DItis, m. a name of Pluto, god of the
lower world, Cic; domina Ditis, Proserpina, Verg.
3. dis, ditis, adj. with compar. and superl.,
rich. A. Lit., dis hostis, Liv. ; apud Helvetios
ditissimus fuit Orgetorix, Caes. ; with genit,
ditissimus agri, Verg. B, Transf. richly provided,
making rich ; ditia stipendia, Liv.
disoedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. to go asunder,
part, separate; in duas partes, Sail.; caelum
discedit, the heavens open, Cic ; transf., ornnis
Italia animis discedit, is divided, Sail. II, A.
Lit., 1, gen., to depart, go away; e Gallia, Cic ;
de foro, Cic. ; nmbu6 Ausoniae, Ov. ; used im-
personally, a contione disceditnr, Caes. ; 2, esp.
a, milit. t. t. (a) of troops, to march away ; •
Brundisio, Caes. ; ab signis, to break the ranks,
leave the line of battle, Caes. ; ab arrois, to lay
down arms, Caes. ; (p) to come out of a contest,
to come off; victor, Caes. ; victus, Sail. ; aequo
Marte cuin Vplscis, to have a drawn battle wifh,
dis
174
dis
Lit., so to come out of any cotitest (e.g., in a
crmrt of law) ; superior discedit, Cic. ; turpis-
sime, tocome off with disgrace, Cic ; b, to abandon,
desert; ab amicis, Cic; ab aliquo duce (of
soldiers), Caes. B. Transf., 1, gen., ex vita
tamquam ex hospitio, Cic. ; a vita, Caes. ; a re,
to digress (of an orator), Cic. ; nunquam ex
ammo meo discedit illius viri memoria, Cic. ; 2,
esp. a, to abandon a duty, deviate, swerve from
principles, etc. ; ab officio, Cic ; a consuetudino,
Cic. ; b, polit. t. t. of the senate, in aliquant
sententiam discedere, to support a resolution ; in
alia omnia discedere, to be quite of the contrary
opinion, Cic. ; c, discedere ab aliquo or ab aliqua
re, to except; quum a vobis discesserim, you ex-
cepted, Cic.
disceptatio -5nis, f. (discepto), 1, a debate,
discussion, controversy ; cum quibus oinnis fere,
nobis disceptatio contentioque est, Cic. ; with
genit., disceptatio juris, Cic. ; 2, a judicial
decision, award ; disceptationem ab rege ad Ro-
rnanos revocabant, Liv.
disceptator -oris, m. (discepto), an arbi-
trator, judge of a controversy ; domesticus, Cic. ;
juris, Cic.
disceptatrix -tricis, f. (disceptator), one
who decides, Cic.
discepto. 1, (dis and capto), 1, to decide a
suit or cause, adjudicate, determine; eontrover-
sias, Cic. ; inter populum et regem, Liv. ; 2, to
dispute, debate, discuss; verbis de .jure, Liv. ; de
controversiis apud se potius quam inter se armis,
Caes. ; dejure publico armis, Cic; transf., in
uno proelioomnis fortuna reipublicae disceptat,
depends upon, Cic.
discerno -crevi -cretum, 3. A. to sever,
separate; monsqui fines eoruradiseerneret, Sail. ;
duae urbes magno inter se'maris terrarumque
spatio discretae, Liv. ; discretae sedes piorum,
set apart, Hor. B. Transf., to distinguish, dis-
cern; alba et atra discernere non posse, Cic;
with rel. sent., animus discernit, quid sit eius-
dem generis, quid alterius, Cic.
discerpo -cerpsi -cerptum, 3. (dis and carpo).
A. Lit. to plwk to pieces, tuir in pieces, dismem-
ber; membra gruis, Hor.; animus nee dividi
nee discerpi potest, Cic. B. Transf., in a dis-
course,.^ separate, divide; qui quae complecti
tota.nequeunt, haec faeilius .divulsa et quasi
discerpta eontrectant, Cic.
dlscessio -onis.f. (disccdo). l y a going away,
deportwre.Tac; 2,'poUt.t.t, voting, dinsion
senate (by going over to one side or the other, ,
senatus consultum facere per discessionem.witft-
out discussion, Cic. ; discessionem facere, to vote,
Cic. ; facta est disccssio in sententiam alicuius,
Cic
discessus -us, m. (discedo), 1, a parting,
'ion; eaeli, lightning, Cic; 2, a departure,
going away; ab urbe, Cic. ; e vita, Cic. ; esp.,
a, ipillt t.t. marching off, Caes. ; ab Dyrrhachio
discessus cxercituum, Cic. ; b, euphem. ban-
ishment, Cic.
illscidium -li, n. (discindo). I. a tearing
away, dividing; nubis, Lucr. II. separation,
division, parting. A. Lit.. Conjugis miserne,
from a wife, Cic. ; esp., of the parting of lovers
or of divorce, Cic; divortia atqne afflnitatura
discidia, Cic B. Transf. separation in feelings,
diwnsion ; belli discidio, Cic; dcorum odia,
discidia, discordiae, Cic.
dlscido. 3. (dis and caedo), to rut in pieces,
he\c in pieces, Lucr.
disclnctus -a -urn (p. adj. of discingo),
eare'ess, reckless, dissoiu'e, ertrawgant ; nepos,
Hor- ; otia, Ov.
disclndo-scldi -scissum 3. (dis and scindo),
1, to cleave, asunder, split ; cotem novacula, Cic;
transf., amicitias, Cic. ; 2, to tear open; tunieam,
Cic.
discingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. to take of the
girdle, nngird ; Afros, to disarm, Juv.
disciplina -ae, f. (discipulus). I. bistrnc-
tion, teaching. A. Lit., lilterac rcliquncque res
quaruin est disciplina, Cic. ; novum aliquem
nlicui in diseipliriam tradero. Cic. ; ab aliquo
disciplinary accipere, Cic.; subj. gen., disciplina
majorum, Cic. ; obj. gen., disciplina virtutis, Cic.
B. Melon., that which is taught, learning, know-
ledge, science; a, gen., bellica, the art of war,
Cic. ; navalis, Cic. ; habere quasdam etiara doin-
esticas disciplinas, Cic. ; juris civilis, Cic. ;
b, a philosophical school, a system; philosophiae
disciplina, Cic. ; c, a rhetorical school or system ;
Hermagorae, Cic. II. In a wider sense, train-
ing, education. A. Lit., a, gen., disciplina
puerilis, of boys, Cic. ; disciplina familiae, of
slaves; gravis et constans, Cic; b, esp. milit-
ary training; militaris, Liv. ; militiae, Cic. B.
Meton., the result of training, custom, habit,order;
a, gen., disciplina? sanctitas, Liv. ; certa
Vivendi disciplina, Cic ; b, the ordering of a
state, constitution ; disciplina reipublicae, Cic ;
disciplinamdare, Cic. ; o moreni praeclarum dis-
ciplinamque quam a majoribus accepimus, Cic.
discipula -ae, f. (discipulus), a female
scholar, Hor.
discipulus -L in. (disco), a scholar, pupil,
di triple, Cic.
discludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (dis and claudo),
to shut up apart, to separate, divide. I. Nerea
ponto, Verg. ; tigna, keep at the proper distance,
Caes.; mons qui Arvernos ab Helviis discludit,
Caes. II. Transf., morsus roboris, 1o loosen,
Verg.
disco, dTdici, 3. l.to learn. A. Gen., litteras
Graecaa, Cic; jus civile ant rem militarem, Cic. ;
id quodcx pluribus testibus piioribus actionibus
didicistis, Cic; ab c* Stoico dialecticam didic-
erat, Cic; apud aliquem litteras, Cic; in
castris per laborem usuin militiae, Sail. ; with
iniin., saltare, Cic. ; Latine loqui, Sail. ; quin-
qucremes gubernare didicisse, Cic. ; with rel.
clause, plures discent quern ail modum haec
liantquain quem ad modum his resistatur, Cic ;
ita didicisse a majoribus ut, etc., to have so learnt
to be accustomed to, Caes. ; disco fidibus, to leant
to jUay on the lyre, Cic. ; absol., valcnt pucii,
liose discunt. diligentcr docentur, Cic ; vol-
iihi.is disendi, Cic. B. Esp., discere causain,
legal t.t., to get vp the facts of a case, of an
advocate, Cic. II. to become acquainted with;
I, gen., me pcritus discet Hiber Rliodanique
potor, Hor. ; 2, to become acquainted with a fact,
learn, find out ; didici ex tuis litteris te omnibus
in rebus habuisse rationem, Cic.
discolor -oris. A. of different colours ; signa,
Cic. ; miles, black and white (of the men at
draughts), Ov. B. Transf., different from, un-
like, to ; matrona meretrici dispar atqne discolor,
Hor.
dlsconvenio, 4. to disagree, not to harmon-
ise; vitae ordine toto, Hor. ; impers., eo dis-
convenit inter meque et te, Hor.
discordia -ae, f. (discor,s). I. a, dissension,
disagreement, discord; haec' discordia non reruin.
sed verborum, Cic. ; b, dissension, sedition, Tic
II. Personif., Discordia, the Goddess of Discord,
Verg.
discordiosus -a -um (discordia), full of dis-
cord, mutinous; vulgus seditiosum atque dis-
cordiosum fuit, Sail.
discordo, 1. (discors), 1 to be at discord, to
disagree; cum Cheru>eis, fac ; inter se dis*
dis
175
dis
sidere atque discordare, Cic. ; animus a se dis-
sidens securaque discordans, Cic. ; of soldiers,
to be mutinous, Tac; 2, to be unlike; quantum
discordet parum avaro, Hor.
discors -cordis (dis an'd cor), 1. 1, disagree-
ing, inharmonious, discordant; civltas seeum ipsa
discors, -Liv. ; of inanimate objects, venti, Verg. ;
bella, Ov. ; 2, unlike, dissimilar, different; tarn
discoidia inter se responsa Liv.
discrepantia -ae, f. (discrepo), disagree-
ment, difference; scripti et voluntatis, Cic.
discrcpatio -5nis, f. (discrepo), disagree-
ment, disunion; inter consules, Liv.
discrepito, 1. (intens. of discrepo), to be
entirely dissimilar, to be quite unlike, Lucr.
discrepo -pavi, 1. not to sound together. A.
Lit., to be out of time, to be discordant; in tidibus
aut in tibiis, Cic. B. Transf., to disagree, be
different, be unlike; cum aliquo or cum aliqua
re, Cic. ; ab aliqua re, Cic. ; sibi, Cic. ; inter
se, Cic. ; nunc in re, Cic. ; with dat., quantum
simplex liilarisque nepoti discrepet, Hor. ; iiu-
pers., discrepat, there is a disagreement, people
are not agreed; discrepat inter scriptores, Liv. ;
illud liaudquaquam discrepat, Liv. ; with ace.
and intin., Liv. ; non or baud discrepat quiu,
etc., Liv.
discribo = describo (q.v.).
discrimen -Inis, n. (discerno), that which
divides. I. Lit., A. Conor., the dividing line;
quum pertenui discrimine (duo maria) separar-
cntur, Cic. B. Abstr., a, the space between;
spatium discrimina fallit, Ov. ; b, in music, in-
terval; septem discrimina vocum (of the lyre
with seven strings), Verg. II. a, separation,
distinction, difference; delectu omni et discrimine
remoto, Cic. ; b, turning-point, critical moment;
ea res nunc in discrimine versatur utrum pos-
situe . . . an, Cic. ; in discrimen adductum esse,
Cic. ; c, crisis, hazard, danger; in tanto dis-
crimine periculi, Liv. ; ad ipsum discrimen eius
temporis, Cic. ; res esse in summo discrimine,
Caes. ^ '
discrimino, 1. (discrimen), to separate, sim-
der, divide; Etruriam discriminat Cassia, Cic;
vigiliarum somnique nee die nee nocte dis-
criminate tempore, Liv.
discriptio -onis, f. (discribo), a division,
Cic.
discrucio, 1. to torture vehemently, torment ;
of bodily torture, discruciatos necare, Cic. ; of
mental anguish, refl. or pass., to torment oneself,
make oneself miserable, Cic.
discumbo -ciibui -cubitum, 3. to lie down;
a, to recline at table ; discubuimus ornnes praeter
illam, Cic. ; impers., discumbitur, one goes to the
table, Cic; b, to sleep, go to bed; cenati discub-
uerunt ibidem, Cic.
discupio -ivi -itum, 3. to desire vehemently,
Cat.
discurro -cucurri and -curri -cursum, 3. to
run in. different directions, run about, run to ami
fro ; in muris, Caes. ; circa deum delubra, Liv. ;
ad arma, Liv. ; impers., tota discurritur urbe,
Verg. ; of things, diversa ruens septem discurrit
in ora, Verg. ; quum mens discurrit utroque, Ov.
discursus -us, m. (discurro), a running up
and dovjn, a running about, running to and fro ;
militum, Liv. ; lupi, Ov. ; of things, liber inter
ordines discursus, of a ship, unhindered motion,
Liv.
discus -i, ro. (SIo-kos), a quoit ; discum audire
quam philosoplmm malle, Cic
discutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (dis and quatio),
to strike asunder. I. to shatter, breakdown: tri-
hus arietibus aliquantum muri, Liv. II. 1, to
disperse, scatter; nubem, Ov. ; umbras, Verg.;
discussa est caligo, Cic. ; 2, to frustrate, bring to
nought, suppress; sam rem, Liv.; caedem, Cic;
eorum captiones, Cic ; eorum advocationem.
manibus, ferro, lapidibus, Cic.
discrtc, adv. with suporl. (disertus), clearly,
plainly, eloquently; dicere, Cic.
disertus -a -tiin, p. adj. with corupar. and
superl. (disseio), eloquent, wcll-cxprcsscd ; a, of
the language, oratio, Cic. ; historia, Cic. ; b, of
the person speaking : homo, Cic. ; disertissimus
orator, Cic.
disicio = disjicio (q.v.).
disjecto, 1. (intens. of disjicio), to cast about,
scatter, Lucr.
1. disjectus -a -um, v. disjicio.
2. disjectus -us, m. (disjicio), a scattering,
dispersing, Lucr.
disjicio -jeci -iectum, 3. (dis and jacio), to
cast asunder. I. Lit, A. Gen., of buildings,
etc., to throw down, destroy ; disjecta tempestate
statua, Liv.; disjecta aediticia, Caes. B. to scat-
tec, disperse; naves or classem, Liv.; disjecta
comas, with dishevelled hair, Ov. ; disjecta membra
poetae, Hor. ; disjecta manus, Cic. ; milit. t.t,
to scatter; phalangein, Caes. II. Transf., to
bring to naught, frustrate ; consilia ducis, Liv. ,
disjunctio -oiiis, f. (disjungo), separation.
I. Lit, meorum, Cic. II. Transf., 1, ger., dif-
ference; animorum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, in logic, a
disjunctive proposition, Cic. ; b, in rhet a series
of sentences without connecting particles, asyn-
deton, Cic.
disjunctus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (disjungo), separated, sundered, distant.
I. Lit., quae (Aetolia) procul barbaris disjuncta
gentibus, Cic II. Transf., A. Gen., remote
from; homines Graeci longe a nostrorum homin-
um gravitate disjuncti, Cic. B. Esp., 1, in
logic, disjunctive; 2, in rhet, disconnected, Cic.
disjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to unbind,
loosen, separate. I. Lit., a, to unyoke or unhar-
ness ; jumenta, Cic ; b, to separate, sunder, remove;
intervallo locorum et tempore disjuncti sumus,
Cic; Italis disjucgimur oris, Verg. II. Transf.,
A. Gen., to separate; aliqueni ab aliquo, Cic.
B. Esp., to distinguish ; insaniam a furore, Cic.
dispalor, 1. dep. to wander cdjout, to stray,
Nep.
dispando pundi -pansuni, 3. to expand, ex-
tend, stretch out, Lucr.
dispar -paris, unlike, different, dissimilar,
unequal ; fortuna, Cic. ; tempora, Cic. ; with dat:,
ilia oratio huic dispar, Cic. ; with genit, quid-
quam dispar sui atque dissimile, Cic.
dispargo, v. djspergo.
disparilis -e, tmlike, dissimilar, different,
unequal ; disparilis exspiratio terrarum, Cic.
disparo, 1. to separate, part, divide; seniores
a junioribus di visit eosque ita disparavit ut,
etc., Cic. ; partic. subst, dispar at um -i, n.,
rhet. t. t, the contradictory proposition (e.g.,
sapere, non sapere), Cic.
dispart! o = dispertio (q.v.).
dispello -puli -pulsum, 3. I. to drive in
different directions; pecudes, Cic. II. to scatter,
dispel; umbras, Verg. ; transf., ab animo tam-
quam ab oculis caliginem, Cic. ,
dispendium -ii, n. (dispendo), expenditure,
expense, loss ; facere, to suffer loss ; transf., dis,'
pendia morae, loss of time, Verg.
1. dispendo = dispando (q.v.). ."
2. dispendo -pensum, S. to weigh out. Vary.
dlupenrt 9 = dispando (cj. v.),
die
176
dis
dispensatio -onis, f. (dispenso), 1, manage-
ment, economical, administration; aerarii, Cic. ;
annonae, Liv. ; 2, the office of a dispensator, Cic. ;
regia, the office of treasurer to a king, Cic.
dispensator -oris, in. (dispenso), a steward,
bailiff, treasurer, Cic.
dispenso, 1. (intens. of 2. dispcudo). I. to
weigh out or ]xuj away money, Plaut. ; to divide,
distribute; oscula per natos, Ov. ; laetitiam
inter inipoteutes populi aminos, Liv.; in rhet.,
invents uon solum ordine, sed etiain momento
quodam atque judicio, Cic. II. a, gen., to ar-
iunge; annum iutercalariis mensibus interpon-
endisiiU dispeusavit ut, etc., Liv.; b, csp., to
manage a household ; res domesticas, Cic.
dlsperditlo -onis, f. (disperdo), a total
destruction, ruin, Cic.
disperdo -didi -ditum, 3. to destroy, ruin,
annihilate ; possessiones, Cic.
dispereo -ii, 4. to perish utterly, be entirely
ruined; fundus disherit, Cic; dispeream, si,
or nisi, may I perish if or except, Cat., Hor.
dispergo -spersi -speTsum,3.(disandspargo),
to scatter, spread abroad, disperse ; a, tarn multa
pestifera terra manque, Cic ; to disperse an
army, Caes. ; b, rumores, to spread abroad re-
ports, Tac.
disperse and dispersim, adv. (dispersus),
in different places, dispersedly, here and there,
Cic
dispersio -onis, f. (dispergo), a scattering,
destruction, Cic.
dlspertio (dis-partio) -Ivi and -ii -Ituui, 4.
to separate, divide., distribute. A. Lit, pecuniam
judicious, Cic. ; exercitum per oppida, Liv.
B. Transf.,' tempora voluptatis laborisque, Cic;
dep., dispertior -iri, aliquid iu intinita, Cic. ;
auministratiouein inter se, Liv.
dispicio -spexi -spectmn, 3. (dis and specio).
I. to open the eyes and begin to see ; catuli qui
jam dispecturi sint, Cic. II. A. to catch sight
of, jxreeive; 1, lit., Lucr. ; 2, trausf., populus
Rouianus libertatem jam ex diutina servitute
diapiciens, Cic. B. 1, to perceive mentally; si
dispicere quid coepero, Cic ; with rel. sent,
sed ego quod sperern non dispicio, Cic ; 2, to
reflect upon, consider; res Romauas, Cic.
displiceo -plicui -pllcltum, 2. (dis and
placeo), to displease (opp. placco, complaceo) ;
nlicui, Cic; alicui de aliquo, (Jic; niihi or alicui
displicet, with intiu., Cic ; displicere sibi, to be
dissatisfied with oneself, to be melancholy, out of
spirits, Cic.
displodo -plosi -plosum, 3. to spread out,'
dilate, burst, Hor.
dispono -posili -posltum, 3. (dis and pono),
to put in different places, to distribute. I. Gen.,
A. Lit., pocula Bacchi, Ov. ; signa ad omues
columnas, omnibus etiam intercolumniis, in
6ilvadeniquedispositasubdivo, Cic; milit. 1. 1.,
portis stationes, Liv. ; praesidia ad ripas, Caes.
B. Transf., a, to distribute on a definite plan;
imperii curas, Tac ; b, rhet. t. t., verba ita, ut
put resvarietatemcolorum, Cic. II. to arrange,
t, set in order. A. Lit., Homerl libros
antca confusos, Cic; bene dispnsitae comae, Ov.
B. Transf., disposita ad honorem studia, Cic
dieposite, adv. (dispositus), in proper order,
TiiethodUxtUy ; accusare, Cic.
dispositlo -onis, f. (dispono), a regulnr ar-
rangement or order in a speech, Cic.
dispdpftura -ae, f. (dispono), arrangement,
order, Lucr.-
1. dlsp5sitU8 -a -um, p. adj. (dispono), ar-
ranged, Plin,
2. dispositus -us, in. (dispono), arrange-
ment, Tac
disputatio -Onis, f. (dispute), an arguing,
debating, argument, debate; liac in utramque
partem disputatione habita, Cic.
dispiltator -oris, m. (disputo), a debater,
disputant, Cic.
disputo, 1. to discuss, rveigh, debate, argue;
aliquid, Cic ; de aliqua re, Cic ; ad aliqnam
rem de aliqua re, Cic. ; pro omnibus et contra
omnia, Cic. ; contra propositum, Cic. ; disputari
in utramque partem, for and against, Cic. ; with
rel. sent., ego enim quid desiderem, non quid
viderim disputo, Cic.
disquiro, 3. (dis andquaero), to inquire into,
investigate, Hor.
disquisitio -onis, f. (disquiro), an inquiry,
investigation, Cic.
dissaepio -saepsi -saeptuui, 4. to hedge off,
separate, divide; aliquid tenui muro, Cic.
dissaeptlo -onis, f. (dissaepio), a- partition,
Liv. (?).
dissaeptum -i, n. (dissaepio), a barrier,
partition, Lucr.
dissemino, 1. to spread abroad, disseminate ;
sermonem, Cic; malum, Cic
dissensio -onis, f. (dissentio), disagreement,
variance. I. Of persons, a, in a friendly man-
ner, inter homines de jure, Cic. ; est quaedain
inter nos parva dissensio, Cic; b, in a hostile
manner, dissension, disunion; dissensio ac dis-
cidiuni, Cic. ; dissensio civilis, Caes. II. Ol
abstractions, opposition; utilium cum honest is,
Cic.
dissensus -us, m. (dissentio), disunion, dis-
agreement, Verg.
dissentanSUS -a -um (dissentio), disagree-
ing, different (opp. consentaneus) ; alicui rei,
Cic
dissentio -sensi -sensum, 4. to be of a dif-
ferent opinion, not to agree. I. Lit., Of persons,
a, in a friendly manner, ab aliquo, Cic. ; ab
aliqua re, Cic. ; de aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo,
Cic; inter se, Cic; with dat, conditionibus
foedis, Hor. ; b, iu a hostile manner, to be at
variance; acerrime dissentientes cives, Cic. II.
Transf., of things, to be opposed, different; a
more, Cic. ; quid ipsum a se dissentiat, Cic.
dissep . . v. dissaep . . .
dissercnascit -avit, impcrs. (inchoat. of
disserenat, it clears up (of the weather) ; quum
undique disserenavisset, Liv.
disserenat, impers. (dis and serenus), it
clears up, Plin.
1. dissero -sevi-sltum, 3., 1, to scatter seed,
Plin. ; 2, to plant at a distance in the ground;
taleas, Caes.
2. dissero -s8rui -sertum, 3. to examine,
treat of, discuss a subject; with ace, ista, Cic;
with ace. and infin., Cic. ; with relative sent-
ence (quoinodo, qui, quid), Cic ; with de, quae
Socrates supremo vitae die de immortalitate
animorum disseruisset, Cic.
disscrpo, 3. to creep in different directions,
spread imperceptibly ; late disserpunf. tremores,
Lucr.
disserto, 1. (intens. of 2. dissero), to treat
of discuss, argue; aliquid, Tac.
dlssfdeo -sfdi -sessum, 2. (dis and sedeo).
lit., to sit apart. I. to be drawn apo.rt; si toga
dissidet impar, sits unevenly, Hor. II, to be
distant, to be separated. A. Lit., of places,
quantum Hypanis Veneto dissidetEridano, Prop.
B. Transf., not, to agree ; a, of persons, to dis-
agree, dissent, be of a different opinion; inter se,
dis
177
dis
Cie. ; ab aliquo, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic. ; de
aliqua, Cic. ; with dat, dissidens plebi virtus,
Hor. ; in a hostile sense, to beat variance, Cic;
b, of tilings, to be opposed, contrary; scriptum
a sententia dissidet, Cic. ; cupiditates iuter se
dissident et discordant, Cic.
dissidlum -li, n. (dissideo), disagreement,
disunion, Cic.
dissllio -siliii -sultuin, i. (dis and salio), to
hup apart, burst asunder. A. Lit., haec loca
dissiluisse feruut, Verg. ; dissilit omue solum,
Ov. B. Transf., gratia sic fiatrum geminorum
dissiluit, was broken up, Hor.
dissimilis -e, adj. with compar. and superl.,
unlike, dissimilar; with genit, veruni tameu
fuit turn sui dissimilis, Cic. ; with dat, quies
est tarn dissimilis homini, qui uon, etc., Cic. ;
with inter se, duo fueruut per idem tempus
dissiiniles inter se, Cic. ; with inter se and the
genit., qui sunt et inter se dissimiles et aliorum,
Cic. ; with atque (ac) quam and et, dissimilis est
inilituiu causa et tua, Cic. ; absol., naturae dis-
similes, Cic.
dissimiliter, adv. (dissimilis), differently,
in a different manner, Liv.
dissimilitudo -In is, f. (dissimilis), unlike-
ness, difference; locorum, Cic. ; habetabillis rebus
dissimilitudinem, Cic. ; dissimilitudinem non
nullam habet cum illius administratioue pro-
vinciae, Cic. ; quumtanta sit inter oratores bouos
dissimilitudo, Cic.
dissimulanter, adv. (dissiinulo), secretly,
in a dissembling manner ; verba non aperte sed
dissimulanter conclusa, Cic. ; non or ne dis-
simulanter, without dissembling, Cic.
dissimulatlo -onis, f. (dissimulo), a con-
cealing, dissembling, dissimulation, Cic. ; esp. of
irony (in the Socratic sense), Cic.
dissimulator -oris, m. (dissimulo), a dis-
sembler, concealer; opis propriae, Hor.
dissimulo, 1. to make unlike. I. to conceal,
to hide ; Achilles veste virura longa dissiuiulatus
e . at, concealed h is manhood beneath a woman's robe,
Ov. II, to act or to speak as if a thing which is
were not. A. to dissemble, disguise, keep secret ;
aliquid silentio, Cic; dissimulata deam, conceal-
ing her divinity, Ov.; with ace and infin., Cic;
with ut and the subj., Cic. ; non dissimulare,
followed by quin, Cic. ; dissimulare non sinit
quin delecter, Cic ; absol., to dissemble; non
dissimulat, Cic. B. to ignore, leave unnoticed;
dissimulare consulatum alicuius, Tac
dissipabilis -e (dissipo), that can be scat-
tered; ignis et aer, Cic.
disslpailo -onis, f. (dissipo). I. scattering ;
civium, Cic. II. A. dispersionby sale; praedae,
Cic. B. Rhet. 1. 1., the analysis of an idea, Cic.
dissipatus -a -um, p. adj. (dissipo), scat-
tered, disconnected; oratio, Cic.
dissipo, 1. (dis and *sipo). I. to scatter,
disperse, spread abroad. A. Lit, membra fratris,
Cic ; aliud alio, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ea contrah-
ere amicitiam, dissipare discordiain, put an end
to, Cic. : 2, faniam, spread abroad, Cic. II. to
scatter by violence; 1, lit, milit, tt, to rout,
scatter; hostes, Cic. ; dissipata fuga, Liv.; 2, to
pull down, destroy; statuam, Cic; tecta, Liv.;
3, of property, to squander, destroy; patrimou-
lUlll, Cic ; reliquias reipublicae, Cic.
dissitus, partic, v. 1. dissero.
dissociabilia -e (dissocio), 1, act, that which
separates; oceanus, Hor. ; 2, pass., that which
cannot be united; res, Tac
diSSOCiatio -onis, f. (dissocio), a separation,
parting; spiritus corporisque, Tac.
dissocio, 1. I. to separate, sever, divide
friendships, etc. ; morum dissimilitudo dissociat
amicitias, Cic. ; disertos a doetis, Cic. II. Of
places, to separate, divide; ni (montes) dissoci-
entur opaca valle, Hor.
dissdlubllis -c (dissolvo), dissoluble, separ-
able; mortile omne animal et dissolubilo et
dividuum sit necesse est, Cic.
dissolute, adv. (dissolutus), 1, disconnect-
edly, loosely ; dissolute dicere, without connecting
particles, Cic. ; 2, carelessly, negligently, without
energy; minus severe quam decuit, uon tamen
omnino dissolute, Cic
dissolutio -onis, f. (dissolvo). I. Lit. break-
ing up, dissolution, destruction, annihilation;
naturae, death, Cic. ; navigii, shipwreck, Tac. II.
Transf., 1, destrw:tion, abolition; leguiu, judici-
orum, Cic. ; 2, refutation of a charge ; criminum,
Cic; 3, want of energy, weakness; remissio
animi ac dissolutio, Cic. ; 4, in rhet, want of
connexion, Cic.
dissolutus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (dissolvo). I. not bound together, loos-
ened; navigium, leaky, Cic. II. Transf., 1,
rhet. t t, disconnected, loose, Cic. ; 2, wanting
in energy, lax; poterone esse in eum dissolutus
qui, etc., Cic. ; 3, profligate, dissolute ; dissolut-
issimus hominum, Cic
dissolvo -solvi -s61utum, 3. I. to loosen,
unloose. A. Lit, 1, gen., scopas, clipeum, Cic;
2, esp. to melt; aes.Lucr. B. Transf., 1, gen.,
to break up, destroy; societatem, amicitiam, Cic. ;
leges, Cic ; 2, esp. a, rhet. t. t, to divide; ora-
tionem, Cic. ; b, to refute an assertion, charge,
etc. ; criminationem, Cic. II. to pay, discharge
a debt ; aes alienuin, Cic ; pecuniam publicaiu
ulli civitati, Cic. _.
dissonus -a -uiu. A. discordant, inhar-
monious, dissonant; clamores, Liv. B. Transf.,
different, disagreeing ; dissouae geutes sermone
moribusque, Liv.
dissors -sortis, having a different lot or fate;
ab oinni milite dissors gloria, not sliared with,
Ov.
dissuadeo -suSsi -suasum, 2. to advise
against, oppose by argument; legem agrariam,
Cic. ; de captivis, Cic. ; with ace and iniin.,
Cic. ; absol., dissuasivnus nos, I spoke against it,
Cic.
dissuasio -onis, f. (dissuadeo), advising to
the contrary, speaking against; rogationis eius,
Cic.
dissuasor -oris, in. (dissuadeo), one who ad-
vises to the contrary, one who speaks against ; roga-
tionis, Cic. ; legis agrariae, Liv. ; transf., of
things, Auster quasi dissuasor consilii mei, Cio,
dissuavior, 1. dep. to kiss eagerly, ap. Cic.
dlssulto, 1. (intens. of dissilio), toleap apart,
burst asunder ; nee fulmine tanti dissultant crep-
itus, Verg. ; dissultant ripae, Verg.
dissuo -stii -sfitum, 3. A. Lit, to unstitch.
B. Transf., to open wide; sinum, Ov. ; to loosen
gently or by degrees ; tales amicitiae dissuendae
niagis quam discindendae, Cic
distantia -ac, f. (disto), difference, diversity;
morum studiorumque, Cic.
distendo -teudi -tentum and -tensum, 3. to
stretch apart, expand, extend. I. Gen. , aciem, Caes. ;
brachia, Ov. II. 1, to fill full, distend; ubera
cytiso, Verg. ; horrea plena spicis, Tib. ; 2, a,
milit. t. t., to divide, to distract the attention of
the enemy by attacks in different places ; copias
hostium, Liv. ; b, to distract, perplex; distendit
ea res animos Samnitium, Liv.
1. distentus -a -um, p. adj. (distendo) dis-
tended, full; ubera, Hor,
dis
LIS
am
2. disientus -a -um, p. adj. with superl. (dis-
tineo), busy, occupied ; tot tanti.sque negotiis, Cic.
distermino, 1. (o separate by a boundary,
divide, Cic. poet. ; quod (fluraen) Dahas Arios-
que disterminat, Tac.
distichus -a -um (5i'<ttixo?), consisting of two
rows ; subst. distlchum (-on) -i, n. a poem oj
two lines, a distich, Mart.
distincte, adv. with compar. (distinctus),
clearly, definitely, distinctly; dicere, Cic.
distinotlo -onis, f. (distinguo), 1, n separa-
tion in space; solis lunne siderumque omnium,
different orbits, Cic. ; 2, a, distinguishing, dis-
criminating; facilis est distinctio ingeuui et
illiberalis joci, Cic. ; lex est justorum injust-
orumque distinctio, Cic. ; b, rhet. t. t.,a distin-
guishing between the same word used in different
ways, or between ideas nearly alike, Cic. ; 3, a,
distinction, difference; inodo intelligatur, quae
sit causarura distinctio et dissimilitudo, Cic. ;
b, rhet. t. t., a, pause, division, Cic.
1. distinctus -a -um, p. adj. (distinguo),
separated, distinct ; urbs delubris distinctis
spatiisque communibus, Cic.
2. distinctus, ?bl. -Q, m. (distinguo), differ-
ence, distinction, Tac.
distineo -tlniii -tentura, 2. (dis and teneo).
I. A. Lit., to hold asunder, keep apart, separate,
divide ; tigna binis utrimque fibulis distine-
bantur, Caes. B. Transf., a, gen., duae senatum
ciistinebant sententiae, Liv. ; b ? esp., to delay;
paceni, Cic. XL. to prevent uniting together. A.
Milit. t. t., to prevent the union of forces ; Caes-
aris copias, Cic. ; Volscos, Liv. B. to prevent
the concentration of one's thoughts, to distract;
maximis occupationibus distineri, Cic.
distinguo -stinxi -stinetum, 3. (from dis and
* stigo, stinguo, connected with crri^'o). I. to sepa-
rate, divide. A. Lit.', onus numero distinxiteodem,
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to separate, distinguish ; dis-
tinguere voces in partes, Cic. ; vera a falsis, Cie. ;
impers., quid inter naturam et rationem iutersit
non distinguitur, Cic. ; 2, grammat. t.t, to punc-
tuate, Quint. II. Meton. A. to point out, •mark
out; nigram medio frontem distinctus ab albo,
Cv. B. to decorate, adorn ; pocula ex auro
quae.genunis erant distincta clarissimis, Cic. ;
»f oratory, oratio distinguitur atque illustrator
aliqua re, Cic. C. to vary, change, give variety
to ; historiam variotato locoruin, Cic.
disto, 1. (dis -sto). I. to be opart, separate,
distant ; l f of space, quae turres pedes LXXX
inter se. distareut, Caes. ; 2, of time, quantum
distet ab Inacho Codrus, Hor. II. Transf., to
differ, be distinct ; inter se, Cic. ; ab aliquo, Cic. ;
scunae (dat.), Hor. ; impers., distat, there is a
difference, Cic.
distorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. to twist apart,
distort ; ora cachinno, Ov. ; oculos, Hor.
dlstortio -onis, f. (distorqueo), distortion;
membrorum, Cic.
distortus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superL. (distorqueo), distorted, deformed. A.
Lit., crura, Hor. ; of persons.distortusGallus.Cic
B. Transf., of discourse, perverse; nullum
(genus enuntiandi) distortius, Cic.
distraotio -onis, f. (distraho), 1, a dividing,
separating; humanorum animorum, Cic. ; 2,
disunion, dissension ; nulla nobis societas cum
tyrannis et potius summa distractio est, Cic.
distr&ho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to pull apart,
tear asunder, tear im, pieces. A. Lit., 1, gf-n.,
vallum, Liv.; corpus, Cic; equis distrahi,Verg.;
acies distrahitur, is divided, Caes. ; fuga dis-
trahit aliquos, Cic ; 2, esp., a, to sell property
try auction, to put up for sale; agros p Tac ; b,
| grammat. t. t., to leave a hiatus in a verse; voces,
I Cio. B. Transf., 1, distrahi in contrarias partes
(or sententias), Cic. ; oratovis industriam in
j plura stadia, to* distract, Cic; 2, esp., a, tn
dissolve, a league or union ; oinnem societatem
civitatis, Cic. ; concilium Boeotorum, Liv. ; dis-
trahi cum aliquo, to fall out with some one, Cic. ;
b, to bring tn naught; banc rem, Caes.; c, to
settle a dispute; controversias, Cic. II. to tear
from something. A. Lit., aliquem a complexu
suorum, Cic. B. Transf., te estrange; aliquem
ab aliquo, Cic.
distribiio -tti -utum, 3. to distribute, divide.
I. Cen., populum in quiuque classes, Cic. ;
pecunias exercitui, Caes. II. Esp., to arrange
or divide logically ; eausam in crimen et in auda-
ciam, Cic.
distribute, adv. with compar. (distributus),
methodically, with logictd arrangement ; scribere,
Cic.
distributio -onis, f. (distribuo), a, a divi-
sion, distribution, Cic. ; b, logical arrangement
of ideas, Cic
distributus -a -um, p. adj. (distribuo),
logically arranged ; expositio, Cic.
dlstrictus -a -um, p. adj. (from distringo),
a ? busy, occupied, engaged; contentione ancipiti,
Cic ; b, severe, Tac.
distringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. A. Lit., to
draw apart, stretch out,; radiis rotarum district!
pendent, Verg.; tig., destriotus enim milii videris
esse, to be on the rack, Cic. B. Transf., to en-
gage an enemy at different points, divert, occupy ;
Hannibalem in Africam mitteread distringendos
Romanos, to make a diversion, Liv.
disturbatlo -6nis, f. (disturbo), destruction ;
Corinthi, Cic.
disturbo, 1. to drive apart, separate with
violence, throw into confusion. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
contionem gladiis, Cic. B. to destroy, raze to
the ground; domum muam, Cic; aedes, Lucr.
II. Transf., to bring to naught, frustrate, ruin;
societatem, Cic; legem, Cic.
ditesco, 3. (3. dis), to become rich, Hor.
dithyrambicus -a -um (Si0vpap./JiKos),
dilhy iambic ; poenia, Cic.
dithyraaibus -i, m. («i0upa/u/3o?), a dilhy-
rambic poem (originally in honour of Bacchus),
Cic.
ditio (dicio) -Onis, f. power, sovereignty,
authority; esse in ditione alicuius, to be in the
power of, Cic. ; facere ditionis suae, Liv. ; red-
igere bellicosissimas gentes in ditionem huius
imperii, Cic; urbes multas sub impevium populi
Romani ditionemque subjungere, Cic. ; rem
Nolanam in jus ditionemque dare Poeno, Liv.
ditior, ditissimus, v. S. dis.
1. ditis, v. 3. dis.
2. Ditis, v. 2. dis.
dlto, 1. (3. dis), to enrich, make wealthy;
praemiis belli socios, Liv. ; militem ex hostibus,
Liv. ; pass., ditari as middle, to become rich,
Liv. ; transf, sermonem patrium, Hor.
1. diu, adv. (old abl. of dies). I. by day; diu
noctuque, Tac, II. 1, a long time, a long while,
lasting for a long time; tam diu, jam diu, Cic. ;
diu multumque or multuru diuque, Cic. ; 2, a
long time ago ; jam diu, Cic. Compar., diutius ;
a, longer, Cic. ; b, too long, Cic. ; paulo diutius
abesse, Liv. Superl., diutissime, Cic, Caes.
2. diu, v. dius.
diurnus -a -um (for diusnus, from dies).
I. lasting for a day; opus, a day's work, Cic;
cibus, rations, Liv. Subst., a, diurnum -i, n.
journal, account-book of house expenditure kept hr
diu
179
dir
a slave, Juv. ; t>, diurna -ormn, v. acta. II.
happening by day ; magna diurna nocturnaque
itinera, Caes. ; metus diurni nocturnique, Cic.
dius -a -um (archaic and poet, form of divus),
god-like. I. Adj., A. Lit., dius Fidius, v.
Fidius. B. Transf., 1, noble ; dia Camilla,
Verg.; 2, beautiful, fine ; sententia dia Catonis,
Hor. II. Subst, dium -ii, n., sub dio, and
(archaic) sub diu, in the open air, Lucr.
diutinus -a -um (diu), lasting a long time,
long ; servitus, Cic.
diutius, diutissime, v. l. diu.
diuturmtas -atis, f. (diuturnus), long dura-
tion ; temporis, Cic. ; belli, Caes.
diuturnus -a -um(l. diu), lasting a longtime,
of long duration; gloria, bellum, Cic; of per-
sons, quae nupsit, non diuturna fuit, did not live
long, Ov. ; non potes esse diuturnus, you, cannot
remain long in your position, Cic.
divarico, 1. to stretch apart, spread out;
hominem, Cic.
divello -velli -vulsum (-volsum), 3. I. to
pluck apart, tear asunder, separate by force. A.
Lit., suos artus lacero morsu, Ov. B. Transf.,
1, res a natura copulatas, Cic. ; commoda civ-
ium, Cic; 2, to break up, destroy; afiinitatem,
Cic; somnum, interrupt, Hor. II. to tear away,
remove, separate. A. Lit., liberos a complexu
parentum, Cic; se ab hoste, Liv. B. Transf.,
divelli, to tear oneself aivay from; ab otio, a
voluptate, Cic , .
divendo (-vendidi) -vendftum, 3. to sell in
separate lots; bona populi Romani, Cic.
divefbero, 1. to strike apart, cleave, divide ;
volucres auras sagitta, Verg.
diverbium -Ii, n. (dis and -verbum), a dia-
k>gue on the stage, Liv.
diverse, adv. with compar. and superl.
(diversus), in different directions, differently,
diversely ; inconstaus est, quod ab eodem de
eadem re diverse dicitur, Cic.
diversitas -atis, f. (diversus), 1, contrariety,
disagreement; inter exercituin imperatoremque,
Tac , 2, difference, diversity; supplicii, Tac.
diversorium, v. deversorium.
diversus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (diverto), turned in different directions.
I. .A. Lit., diversam aciem in duas partes
constituere, Caes. ; diversi abeunt, they go dif-
ferent ways, Liv. ; ubi plures diversae semitae
erant, leading different ways, Liv. B. Transf.,
inconstant, irresolute, wavering, indecisive; metu
ac libidinetliversus agebatur, Sail.; in diversum
auctores trahunt utrum . . . an, are not agreed,
Liv. C. separate, isolated ; legatos alium ex
alio diversos aggreditur, Sail. ; ex locis tarn
longinquis tamque diversis, Cic II. turned
aavay from, in a different direction. A. Lit,
1, quo diversus abis, Verg. ; diversis a ilumine
regionibus, Caes. ; 2, lying out of the way, re-
mote; de Achaiae urbibus regionis a se diversae,
Liv. ; arva colebat diversa Aetnae, Ov. ; 3, in
an opposite direction; equi in diversum iter
concitati, Liv. ; anguli maxime inter se diversi,
Cic B. different, opposed; a, hostile; acies,
Tac ; b, different, opposed in clmracter or nature ;
witli a or ab, haeo videntur esse a proposita
ratione diversa, Cic. ; with inter se, diversa inter
se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, Sail. ; absol.,
varia et diversa stadia et artes, Cic; of persons,
different in character ; ab aliquo, Cic.
diverto (divorto) -verti (-vorti), 3. to turn
away, to diverge from, differ, Plaut
dives -vitis, compar. divitlor -ius, genir,
; 5ris, superl. divltisslmus. rich, wealthy.
1. Lit., a, of persons, ex pauperrimo dives factus
est, Cic. ; with abl., agris, Hor. ; with genit,
pecoris, Verg.; b, of things, ten's dives amomo,
Ov. II. Transf., rich ; a, epistola, containing
much, Ov.; lingua, eloquent, Hor.; divitior lluxit
dithyrambus, Cic. ; b, precious, costly; cultus,
rich dress, Ov.
divexo, 1. (dis and vexo), to tear asunder,
destroy, plunder ; agros civium optiuiorum, Cic
divldo -visi -visum, 3. (from dis and root
VID, whence viduus). I. to separate, divide.
A. Lit., 1, gen., omne auimal secari ac dividi
potest, Cic; 2, to destroy; uiuros, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, a, to divide into parts; exercituin in
duas partes, Caes. ; Gallia est oinnis divisa in
partes ties, Caes. ; populurn in duas partes, Cic;
D, of logical division, genus universum in
species certas partiri et dividere, Cic. ; c, polit.
t. t, sententiam ; to divide a resolution into
parts so that each part can be voted on, Cic. ; 2,
a, to divide among persons, distribute, allot;
agrum, bona viritiin, Cic ; praedam per rnilites,
Liv. ; b, to separate a multitude into different
places; in hiberna exercitum Magnesiam et
Tralles Ephesumque, Liv.-; c, poet.,' imbelli
cithara carmina, to sing, Hor. II. to separate
two wholes from one another. A. Gen., a, lit.,
to divide ; Gallos ab Aquitania Garumna dividjt,
Caes.; b, transf., to distinguish ; legem bonam
a mala, Cic. B. to adorn ; gemma fulvum quae
dividit aurum, Verg.
dividuus -a -um (divido), 1, divisible, Cic. ;
2, divided, parted ; aqua, Ov.
divinatio -onis, f. (divino), 1, the gift of
prophecy, divination, Cic. ; 2, legal t t., the
selection of a prosecutor out of several, Cic.
divine, adv. (divinus), 1, by divine inspira-
tion, prophetically, Cic. ; 2, divinely, admirably,
excellently. Cic
divinitas -atis, f. (divinus). I. a divine
nature, divinity, Cic II. A. the power of pro-
phecy or divination, Cic. B. excellence, surpass-
ing merit (of an orator), Cic. •
divinitus, adv. (divinus). I. Lit., divinely,
by divine influence, Cic. II. Transf., A. by
inspiration, by means of divination, Cic. B. ad-
mirably, nobly, diviitely; loqui, Cic
divino, 1. (divinus), to foretell, prophesy, fore-
bode, divine the future; with ace, hoc, Cic;
with rel. sent., quid futurum sit latrocinio tribu-
lioium non divino, Cic. ; absol., quiddam prae-
sentiens atque divinans, Cic.
divinus -a -um, adj. with compar. and superl.
(divus). I. belonging or relating to a deity,
divine ; res divina, the service of the gods, Cic. ;
so res divinae, but res dhinae (also) = natural
objects as opp. to res humanae, and natural law
as opp. to res humanae, positive law, Cic. Subst.,
divinum -i, n. a sacrifice, Liv. ; plur., divina,
divine things, Liv. ; the attributes of the gods,
Cic. II. Transf., A. divinely inspired,^ pro-
phetic, Cic; vates, apoe.t, Hor.; subst, divinus
-i, m. a seer, Cic B. divine, excellent, noble,
admirable; divinus ille vir, Cic
divisio -onis, f. (divido), 1, division; a,
orbis terrae, Sail.; b, rhet tt, division of a
subject, Cic. ; 2, distribution ; agrorum, Tac.
divisor -oris, m. (divido), 1, a divider, dis-
tributor, csp. of lands in a colony, Cic. ; 2, a
hired bribery agent, Cic
1. divisus -a -um, partic. of divido.
2. divisus -us, m. (divido), division; Mace-
donia divisui facilvs, Liv.
divitiae -aruro, f. (dives), riches, wealth. I,
Lit. , superare Crassum divitiis. Cjc, H, Transf.,
ingenii, Cic.
div
180
dol
divortium -ii, n. (diverto or divorto). I.
Of things, a, of places, the point where roads,
etc. separate, cross-roads ; divortia nota, Verg. ;
b, ike boundary line between two continents or
countries ; artissiinuni inter Europam Astaiimue
divortium, Tac. II. Of persons, a, fl divorce;
divortium facere cumaliqua, Cic; b, separation
generally, Cic.
divorto, v. diverts.
divulgatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from divulgo),
spread abroad, made common ; inagiatrafcUB levis-
sinius et divulgatissiinus, Cic.
divulgo (divolgo), 1. (dis and vulgo or
volgo), 1, to make public, publish, spread abroad ;
librum, Cic. ; rem sennouibus, Cic ; 2, to make
common.; cuius primum tenipus aetatis palani
fuisset ad oniniiini libidines divulgatum, Cic.
divus -a -inn (from deus). I. Adj., belonging
to the deity, divine; diva pareus, Verg II.
Subst. A. dlVUS -i, m. a god, Cic. ; diva -ae,
f. a goddess, Liv. ; in imperial times divus was
the epithet of the deified emperors, divi genus,
of Octavlanus, Verg. B. divum -i, n. the sky;
only in the phrase, sub divo, in the open air,
Cic.
do, dedi, dStum, dare, to give, offer. A.
aliquid ; 1, lit,, dare domim, Cic; populo
Houiano anna, Cic; of letters, send, despatch;
Ires epistolae eodeni abs te datae tempore, Cie. ;
dare poenas, to suffer punishment, Cic. ; dare
lura, to let the reins loose, Verg.; vela dare vent is,
to sail, Verg. ; dare alicui cervices, to offer the
neck for punishment, Cic. ; 2, transf., to give,
lend, bestow, offer; alicui vitam, Cic; nomea
alicui rei, Liv. ; dare alicui fasces, consular power,
Cic. ; cum locum colloquio, to fix, Liv. ; accipio
quod datur, what is offered, Cic. ; corpori omne
tempus, Cic; id misericordiae, to grant, give tip,
Cic. ; dare alicui contiouem, Cic. ; dare urbem
excidioao minis, Liv. B. aliquem (also corpus,
membra, animum) ; 1, lit, dare arbitruni, Cic;
natam genero, Verg.; 2, transf., aliquam in
matriraonium, Caes. ; aliquem morti, Hor. ; 3,
dare se or pass, dari, to give oneself up ; se dare
alicui in couspeetum, Cic. ; to throw oneself; se
iu viam, Cic. ; dare se (alicui) obvium, to meet,
Liv.; dare se soinuo, Cic; se laboriet itineribus,
Cic C. to give something from oneself; 1, lit.,
clarnorern, to utter, Verg. ; d3rc (alicui) rcspon-
sura, Cic; dare litem secundum aliquem, to
'■..■idein one's favour, Cic; impetuin in aliquem,
Liv.; 2, transf., alicui doloiem, Cic; docu-
nienta dare, Cic
doceo, ddcui, doctum, 2. (DOC -co, causa-
tive of DIC-sco — i.e., disco), to teach, instruct.
I. Gen., with ace, aliquem, Cic; aliquem equo
armisque, Liv. ; aliquem fldibus, Cic. ; with ad,
ad quam (legem) noil docti, Cic; with adv.,
aliquem Latine, Cic. ; jus civile, Cic. ; with
double ace, aliquem litteras, Cic; de aliqua re,
with infiu., aliquem sapere, Cic; absol., quum
doceo et explano, Cic. II. Ksp., a, theatr. t.t.,
docere fabulam, like iiiaoxeti/ fyxijia. (lit., to teach
a play to the actors), to bring out, exhibit, Cic. ;
b, to bring a. matter before a public body or
patron ; judices de injuriis, Cic.
doobraius ii, m. (ioxmo?, sc nous), a
species of fool, :•> jxictry, the dochmiac Joot
(,j yj _), CiC.
rtocflis -e, adj. with compar. (doceo)) leach-
able, docile, attentive; attentus judex et docilis,
Cic. ; docilis ad hanc disciplinary), Cic ; with
genit., modorum, Hor.
ddcIHtas -atis, f. (docilis), teachableness, do-
cility, Cic.
docte.adv. with compar. and superL (doctus),
learnedly, skilfully; luctari, Hor.
doctor -oris, m. (doceo), a teacher; eiusdem
sapientiae doctores, Cic.
doctrlna -ae, f. (doceo), 1, teaching, instruc-
tion; puerilis, Cic; honestarum rerum, Cic;
] 2, that which is imparled in teaching, knowledge,
learning; Piso Oraecis doctrinis eruditus, Cic;
anitnoa nostros doctriua excolere, Cic.
dootus -a -uni, p. adj. witli compar. and
xuperl. (from doceo), 1, a, of persons, learned,
instructed, well-informed ; Graecis litteris et
Latinis, Cic. ; ex disciplina Stoicorum, Cic. ;
subst., docti -nniiii, learned men ; with genit.,
fandi, Verg. ; with ace, dulces modos, Hor. ;
b, of things that show learning, ars, Ov. ; ser-
mones, Cic; 2, experienced, clever, shrewd;
doctus usu, Caes. ; aetate et usu, Liv.
ddouznen -Inis, n. = docunientum (q.v.).
documentum -i, n. (doceo), example, pat-
tern, learning, proof; P. Rutilius documentum
fuit hominibus nostris virtutis, Cic. ; alicui docu-
ments esse, Caes. ; documentum sui dare, Liv.
Dodona -ae and -e -es, f. (AajSou-r)), a city of
Epirus, renowned for its oak groves and oracle;
hence adj., 1, Dodonaeus -a -um, of Dodona;
2, Dodonis -Idis, f. of Dodona.
dodrans -untis, m. (de and quadrans), three-
fourths ; 1, gen., aedificii reliquuin dodraiitem
emere, Cic. ; heres ex dodraute, heir to three-
fourths of the property, Suet. ; 2, esp., a, as a
superficial measure = three-fourtlis of an acre,
Liv.; b, as a measure of length, nine inches,
three-fourths of a foot, Plin.
dodratltariUS -a -um (dodrans), belonging
to three-fourths ; tabulae, the register of debts in-
troduced by the lex Valeria feneratoria, whereby
the debts were reduced to one-fourth, Cic
dogma -5trS, n. (Soy^a), a philosophical doc-
trine, principle, dogma, Cic
Dolabella -ae, in. a Roman family name of
the gens Cornelia, the best known member of which
is P. Cornelius Dolabella, the son-in-law oj
Cicero.
dolabra -ae, f. (1. dolo), an axe, hatcliet, a
military implement, Liv.
d6lenter, adv. with compar. (doleo), pain-
fully, sorrowfully ; hoc dicere, Cic
doleo -dMili, fut. parti'c d&liturus, 2. to
suffer pain. I. Of bodily pain, pes, caput dulet,
Cic II. Mentally, 1, of persons, to suffer pain,
to grieve, bewail; de Hortensio, Cic; nieum
casum luctumque doluerunt, Cic. ; with ace and
iulinit., se a suis superari, Cie; foil, by quod,
Caes.; si, Hor.; absol., aeque dolendo, Cic;
2, of things, a, <o grieve; injecta monstris
terra dolet suis, Hor.; b, to cause pain; nihil
cuiquam doluit, Cic.
ddliolum -i, n. (dim. of dolium), a. little
cask, Liv.
dolium -ii, ii. a large earthenware jar or
v;ooden cask, in which new wine was placed ; de
dolio haurire, to drink new wine, Cie
1. ddlo, 1. I. to hew with an axe; robur,
Cic; transf., alicuius caput lumbosque saligno
fuste, to cudgel, Hor. II. to work with. an. axe ;
non est (homo) o saxo sculptus aut e roborc
dolatus.Cie; transf., illud opus, to work roughly,
Cic.
2. <i6lo or dolon -or.is, in. (5o.W'), 1, a
wooden staff with an iron point, Verg. ; transf,
the sting of a fly, Phaedr. ; 2, a small foresail,
Liv.
Dolops -!6pis and plur. DolSpes -um, ace.
-as, m. (AdAon-e?), the Dolopcs, a, people in Thes-
saly. Hence, Dolopia -ac, f. (AoXon-i'a), the
country of the Dolopes.
dolor -oris, m. (dojeo). I, bodily pain {
dol
181
dom
anguish ; pedum, Cic. ; laterutu, Hor. II. mental
pain, grief, sorrow. A. Lit., 1, gen., injuriae,
Cues. ; dolorem accipere aliqua re or ex aliqua
re, Cic. ; tanto dolore aflici ut, etc., Cic. ; dol-
orein alicui facere or etticere, or dare, or afferre,
Cic. ; hoc est mihi dolori, Cic. ; 2, rancour,
animosity, Cic. ; quo dolore exarsit, Caes. B.
Meton., a, the cause of sorrow, Ov. ; b, in rhet.,
pathos, Cic.
dolose, adv. (dolosus), deceitfully, craftily;
agi dolose, Cic.
dolosus -a -urn (dolus), crafty, deceitful,
cunning; consilia, Cic.
dolus -i, m. (SdAos). I. Legal t. t., dolus
mains, fraud; quum ex eo quaereretur quid
esset Dolus malus, respondebat quum esset
aliud simulatum, aiiud actum, Cic. II. A.
fraud, deceit, guile; fraus ac dolus, Cic; ut
magis virtute quani dolo contenderent, Caes.
B. Meton., trick; dolos (= retia) saltu deludit,
Ov.^
domabllis -e (domo), that can be tamed, tame-
able; Cantaber, Hor.
domesticus -r. -um (domus). I. belonging
to the house or the family, domestic; luctus, Cic. ;
ilifncultas, poverty, Cic. ; tempus, spent at home,
Cic; domesticus homo, Cic, and subst. domes-
ticus, Ov., a friend of the house, member of a
family; plur., domestic! -orum, m. the in-
mates of one's house, members of one's family, Cic
II. Transf., private, domestic, native (opp. to
foreign or public) ; cnidelitas, towards citizens,
Cic. ; si superavissent vel domesticis opibus vel
externis auxiliis, Caes.; bellum, civil war, Cic.
domicilium -D, n. (domus), a place of resi-
dence, dwelling. A. Lit., aliud domicilium,
alias sedes parant, Caes. ; domicilium collocare
in aliquo loco, Cic. B. Transf., imperii, Rome,
Cic. ; superbiae, Cic
ddmlna -ae, f. (dominus). I. the mistress of
« household, lady, Verg. II. mistress, queen,
tody, A. Lit., a, as a term of respect to god-
desses, of Venus, Ov. ; of Cybele, Verg. ; b, like
■English mistress, a sweetlieart, Tib. B. Transf.,
ruler, controller; justitia domina virtutum, Cic. ;
fors domina cainpi, Cic.
dominatio -Cnis, f. (domino), irresponsible
power, despotism, arbitrary government. I. Lit.,
_\. unius, Cic. ; Cinnae, Cic. B. Meton. = do-
jninantes, absolute rulers, Tac II. Transf.,
governing ; teinperantia est rationis in libidinem
Jnna et moderata dominatio, Cic.
dominator -oris, m. (dominor), rider,
governor ; rerum Deus, Cic
dominatrix -Icis, f. (fern, of dominator), a
despotic mistress; transf., caeca ac temeraria
tniini cupiditas, Cic.
dominatus -us, m. (dominor), 1, absolute
power ; dominatus regius, Cic. ; 2, rule; domin-
ittus enpiditatum, Cic
dominium -ii, n. (dominus), 1, rule, power,
gen.; 2, a. feast, banquet; huiusargento dominia
vestra ornari, Cic.
dominor, 1. dep. (dominus), to ride, be lord
or master, to domineer ; in adversarios, Liv. ;
summfi aree, Verg.; domlnari Alexandriae, Cic;
In suos, Cic. ; in nobis, Cic ; in enpite fortun-
Isque hominum hoiiestissimoruni, Cic ; in
Jndieiis, Cic; transf., doininatur libido, Cic;
quod nnuin in orotore dominator, wherein, the
strength of the orator consists, Cic
dominus -i, m. (domus). I. the master of a
terns*, the hew! of the household, lord, master ;
plur., domini, master and mistress, Cic. IX.
A. Lit., 1, master, owner, possessor; aedificii,
uavis* Cic; 2 t lord, ruler; in aliqucra, Cic;
gentium, Cic. ; rei (of the judge), Cic. J esp., a,
a lover, Ov. ; b, attrib., belonging to a master;
poet., manua dominae, Ov. ; 3, the arranger, a
person that orders something ; of gladiatorial
games, Cic. ; of an auction, Cic ; with or with-
out convivii or epuli, the person who arranges a
feast, host, Cic B. Transf., ruler ; vitae necis-
que, over life and deajh, Liv. ; comitiorum dom-
inum esse, Cic.
domiporta -ae, f. (domus and porta), she
who carries her house upon her back, the snail,
ap. Cic.
Domitianus -i, m. T. Flavins Domitiamis
Augustus, son of Vespasian, brother of Titus, born
51 a d., Emperor of Rome from SI a.d. to 96 a.d.
Domitius -a -um, name of a plebeian gens at
Rome, the most famous members of which were : —
Cn. Domitius Calvinus, consul 53 B.C.; Cn. Dom-
itius Ahenobarbus, consul 122 B.C., conqueror
of the Allobroges; Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus,.
tribune 104 B.C., proposer of the lex Domitia rte
sacerdotiis (by which the priesthoods were filled up
by the votes of 11 tribes chosen by lot) ; L. Domitius
Ahenobarbus, consul 54 B.C., general and adhe-
rent of Pompeius ; Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus,
father of the Emjxror Nero; Cn. Domitius Cor-
bulo, successful general in Germany and Armenia
under the Emperors Claudius and Nero. Adj.=
Domitian ; via, road in Gaul made by Domitius
Ahenobarbus, the conqueror of the Allobroges, Cic.
Hence, Domitianus -a -um, of Domitius;
milites, tlie soldiers of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus,
Caes.
domito, 1. (intens. of domo), to tame, subdue-;
boves, Verg. '
domitor -oris, m. (domo), a tamer. L Lit,
a, of animals, equorum, a horse-breaker, Cic ;
b f of man, conquerer, ■;■ ictor ; domitor Persarum,
Cic. II. Transf., Saturnius domitor maris alti,
Verg.
domitrix -Icis, f. (fern, of domitor), she who
tames; Epidaurus domitrix equorum, Verg. ;
clava domitrix ferarum, Ov.
domitUS, abl. -ii, m. (domo), taming; em«
cimus domitu nostro quadrupedum vectiones.Cic
domo, dflmui, dSmltum, 1. to tame, break in.
X. Lit., a, animals, beluas, Cic. ; equos stimulo
et verbere, Ov, ; b, men, peoples, countries,
&c to conquer, subdue; hasta pugnantem, Ov. ;
maximas nationes virtute, Cic II. Trausf, a,
concrete objects, ipsius fluminis vim, Liv. ;
arbores multa mercede, Verg. ; uvas prelo. to
press, Hor. ; b, abstract objects, domitas habere
libidines, Cic. ; invidiam, Hor.
domus -us, f. (cf. Gk. root AEM, ien-u, whence
S6fiOi). I. A. Lit., a house (as a dwelling-place,
as a home, seat of family, etc., while Redes =
house as a building), as opp. to insula (which
was let out in fiats or lodgings ; domus = a
house vrith its outbuildings and garden; domum
aedlticure, Cic; aliquein tecto et domo invitare,
Cic ; used adverbially, doini, at home, in the
house, Cic. ; meae domi (tnae, suae, nostrae, etc.), ut
my house, Cic. ; alienaedomi, inthe house of another,
Cic. ; domi nliquid habere, to hare at home, to
fiossess, be provided with, Cic. ; domum, home,
towards home, homeward, Cic ; domo, from home,
out of the house, Cic B, Tnmsf., poet, a dwell-
ing-place, of birds, Verg. ; of the gods, Verg.; of
the spirits of the dead, Verg. ; of the labyrinth,
Verg. II. Meton., A. 1, inmates of a hmtse,
househoUl, Cic. ; 2, a philosophical school or sect,
Cic. ; Socratica domus, Hor. B. a liouseliold-,
management of a hmise, Cic. C. home, votive
country; domi, at home, in one's own country,-
Cic ; domi militiaeque, Cic, belli domique, Liv.,-
in peace and in war (archaic genit. or local.
don
182
dub
domi. in classical writers only = at home ; (Int.
domui, abl. generally doiuo, also domu ; plur.
nom. domus, ace. domns and doinos, genit.
donnuiin and domorum, dat. and abl. domibus).
donarium -li, n. (donum), 1, temple, shrine,
altar, Yerg., Ov. ; 2, a votive offering, Liv.
donatio -onis f. (dono), a giving, gift,
present, donation, Cic.
donativum -i, n. (dono), an imperial
largess, or donative to the soldiery, Tnc.
donSc, conj. (shortened from doncque, don-
lque), 1, as long as, while, Llv. ; donee gratus
eram tibi, Hor. ; 2, until, Cic. ; with usque eo,
Cic. ; or eo usque, Liv.
dono, 1. (donum). I. (nlicui aliquld), to give
as a present, to present. A. Gen., 1, lit., non
pauea suis adjutoribus, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to
grant, bestoio; alicui aeternam immortal-itateni,
Cic; poet., with infln., alicui divinare, Hor.; b,
to sacrifice, give up to; inimicitias reipublicae,
Caes. B. Esp., 1, lit. to remit a debt or obliga-
tion, ; alicui aes alienum, Cic ; 2, trausf. to
forgive, pardon (for the sake of someone else),
noxae damnatus donatur populo Romano, Liv.
DL (aliquem aliqua re), to present a person with
something; cohortem railitaribus douis, Cacs.
donum -i, n. (dare), a gift, present ; 1, gen.,
dona nuptialia, Cic. ; dono dare, to give as a
present, Ter. ; 2, esp., a gift to the gods, a votive
offering, Cie.
D onus a -ae, f. (Aopovo-i'a), an island in the
Aegean Sea, east of Naxos.
■ dorcas -idis, f. (SopKai), a gazelle, antelope,
Mart.
Dores -urn, m. (A<dpi«i>), the Dorians, one of
the Hellenic races; hence, 1, adj., Dorlcus
a -urn, poet.= Greek, Verg."p2, Dorius -a -tun,
Dorian; 3, Doris -Idis, f. Dorian; subst.,
a, Doris, a country in the north of Greece; b,
the wife of Nereus, and mother of the fifty Nereids ;
ineton. the sea, Verg.
1. Doris, v. Dores.
2. Doris -Idis, f. (Awpi'y), wife of Dionysius I.
of Syracuse.
dormio -Ivi or -li, -Hum, 4. 1, to sleep; se
dofmitum conferre, Cic. ; ad dormiendum pro-
flcisci, Cic; dormtentem excitare, Cic. ; innum-
erabilia saecula dormisse, Cic; 2, to rest, be
inactive ; beneflcia dormientibus deferuntur, Cic.
dormito, 1. (dormio), to be sleepy, to begin to
sleep. A. Lit., dormitanti mihl epistola ilia red-
dita, Cic. ; jam dormitante lucerna, just going
out, Ov. B. to dream, be lazy, inactive; ista
oscitans et dormitnns sapientia Scaevolarum,
Cic. ; quandoqno bonus donnitat Homerus, nods,
Hor.
dorinitor -oris, m. (donnio), a sleeper. Mart.
dorsum -i, n. (dorsus -i, m.). A. Lit., tlie
back, cither of men or animals ; dorso onus sub-
ire, Hor. ; dorsum demulcere equis, Liv. B.
Transf. uny elevation of similar form; duplex
(dentalium), the projecting irons of a ploughshare,
Verg. ; iinmanc dorsum, a rock in the sea, Verg. ;
of mountains, slope ;jugi, Caes.
Ddrylacum -i, n. (AopuAatoi'), a town in
Phrygia. Hence, Ddrylenses -ium, m. the
inhabitants of Dorylaeum.
doryphoras -i, m. (Sopv<t>6pos), the lance-
bearer, the name of a celebrated statue by Poly-
cletus, Cic.
dos, dotis, f. (Su><;). A. Lit. a dowry, portion;
accipere pecuniamabuxore dotis nomine, Caes. ;
flliae nubili dotem conficere non posse, Cic. B.
Trans!'., a, a gift; cuius nrtem quum lndotatara
es»e et incomptam videres, vtrboium earn dote
loeupletastietornnsti.Cic ; b, a quality, endow-
ment ; dotes ingenii, Ov.
dotalis -e (dos), relating or belonging to a
dowry; praedium, Cic.
dotatus -a -nm, p. adj. (from doto), richly
dowered. A. Lit., Aquilia, Cic. B. Transf.,
richly endowed ; Chione dotatissima forma, Ov.
doto, 1. (dos), to provide with a dowry, ondow;
sanguine Trojano et Hutulodotabere, Virgo, Verg.
drachma -ae, f. (Spa\p.ri), 1, a small Greek
coin, a drachm, about equal in value to a Roman
denarius, Cic; 2, as a weight, J of an vncia,
Plin.
1. draco -onis, m. (Spdiciov), A. a kind of
snake, drctgon, Cic. B. Meton., a constellation
so called, Cic
2. Draco -onis, m. (Ap&Kuv), Draco, cm Athe-
nian legislator.
draconigena -ae, c. (draco and gigno) = Spa-
Koirroyerijs, dragon-born, sprung from dragon-
seed; urbs, Thebes, Ov.
Drepanum -i, n. (bpinavov), and Dre-
pana -orum, n. (ApeVava), a town on tlie wesi
const of Sicily (now Trapani). Adj. Drepani-.
tanus -a -uni, of ox belonging to Drepanum.
dromas -ildis, m. (5pop.as)> a dromedary,
Liv.
dromos -i, m. (<Spd/iios), the race-course of tht
Spartans, Liv.
Driientia -ae, f. a river in Gallia flowing
into the Rhone, now the Durance.
Druides -urn, m., and Driiidae -arum, m.
(derioydd or dryod, old British = wise man), the
Druids, the priests of the Celtic nations, Cic
Drusus -i, in. a cognomen of the Gens Livia
and Claudia, (1) M. Livius Drusus, murdered
for attempting to revive some of the (hxicchan laws;
(2) Nero, son of the Empress Livia, by her first
husband, Tiberius Claudius Nero. Hence a, adj.,
Drusianus -a -urn and Drusinus -a -urn, oj
or belonging to Drusus; b, subst. Drusllla
-ae, f. name of several females of the gens Livia.
1. Dryas -Mis, f. (Apt/as), a wood nymph,
Dryad; gen. plur. Dryndes, Verg.
2. Dryas -antis, m. (ApOas), father of Lycur-
gus, king of Thrace. Hence Dryantides -ae,
in. the son of Dryas, i.e. Lycurgus, Ov.
Dryopes -tun (Apvoires), a Pelasgic people,
who were driven southwards by the Dorians, and,
settled in Messenia.
dubie, adv. (dubius), 1. A. doubtfully, hesi-
tatingly ; inter eonfessum dubie dubioque negan-
tein, Ov. B. doubtfully, uncertainly ; ut aliquod
signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum, Cic. ;
hence, hand dubie, nee dubie, non dubie, cer-
tainly, without doubt, Cic.
Dubis -is, m. river in Gallia Belgica, now the
Donbs.
dubitabiUs -e (dubito), doubtful, uncertain,
Ov.
dubitanter, adv. (dubito), 1, doubtingly ;
dnbitanter unum quodque dicemus, Cic. ; 2,
hesitatingly ; illud verecundi et dubitnntes re-
cepisse, Cic
dubitatio -Onis, f. (dubito) I. doubt, un-
certainty ; sine ulla dubitatione, certainly, Cic;
res non babet dubitationein, the matter admits
of no doubt, Cic. ; with obj. genit., dubitatio ad-
ventus legfonuro, doubt as to the coming, Cic;
withde, illaSocraticadubitatiode omnibus rebus,
Cic; with rel. sent., si qunndo dubitatio accidit,
quale sit id, etc., Cic. ; followed by quin when
a negative precedes, hie locus nihil habet dubi-
tationi sqnin, etc atlmitsof no ilou'it that, Cic. ;m\Ua.
dubitatio eat quin, etc., Cic : nisi dubit.'itionera
dub
183
dum
affert quin, etc., Cic. II. hesitation, wavering,
irresolution ; dubitatio belli, as to the conduct of
the war, Cic. ; angunt me dubitationes tuae, Cic.
dubito, 1. (dubius). I. to doubt, waver in
opinion, be uncertain; de hoc, Cic. ; haec, Cic. ;
utrum sit utilius an, etc., Cic. ; honestumne
facta sit. an turpe, Cic. ; non dubito quid, etc. ;
non dubito quin, etc., / have no doxdit tluit, Cic'
II. to wai'er in resolution, hesitate; a, of persons,
quid dubitas, Caes. ; dubito, foil, by innn., Cic. ;'
non dubito-, foil, by infln., Cic. ; non dubito,
foil, by quin, Cic. ; b, of things, dubitavit aciei
pais, Sail.
dublUS -a -um (duo)! I. Subject., doubting.
A. wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, un-
certain, Cic. ; with genit., sententiae, Liv. ; haud
dubius, foil, by ace. and iufin., confident that, Liv.
B. wavering in resolve, hesitating, uncertain,
irresolute; dubius an transiret, Liv. II. Object.,
doubted, doubtful. A. undecided, uncertain,
doubtful ; genus causae, Cic. ; victoria, Caes. ;
caelum, cloudy, Ov.; non est dubium quin, there is
no doubt that, Cic. ; dubiumne est or cui dubium
est quin? Cic. ; num or nemini dubium est, with
ace. and infln., Cic.; neut. ^ubst., generally
with a prepos., in dubium vocare or revocare,
to nutkc doubtful, Cic. ; sine dubio, Cic. ; procul
dubio, without doubt, Liv. B. lleton. doubtful,
dubious, dangerous, critical; res dubia, Sail. ;
tempora, Hor.
duceni -ae -a (distrib. of ducenti), two hun-
dred each, Liv.
ducentesima ae, f. (fern, of ducentesimus,
from ducenti, sc. pars), the two hundredth part-,
as a tax, one-half per cent., Tac.
ducenti -ae -a (duo and centum), 1, two
hundred, Cic. ; 2, generully any large number,
Hor.
ducenties, adv. (ducenti), two hundred
times, Cic.
duco, duxi, ductum, 3. I. to draw. A. Gen.,
frena nianu, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to drag behind;
sidera crinem ducunt, Verg. ; 2, tfidr nu ;t n, n , ! r ^
SiMself; a, lit., ducere remos, to row, Ov. ; co-
lorem, to get a darker colour, Verg. ; 1b, transf.,
(o) tn m clmrm t ({ ((rast. ; fabellarum auditione xLuc-
untu r. Cic. ; (j3) to draw away, mislead; errore
duci, Cic. ; (y) to draw to, influence; me ad cred-
endum tua ducit oratio, Cic. ; 3, to draw in;
aera spiritu, Cic. ; poet., somnos, to sleep, Verg. ;
to quaff; pocula Lesbii, Hor. ; 4, to draw out;
ferritin vagina, Ov. ; sortes, Cic. ; aliquid or
aliqucm sorte, Cic. ; 5, to draw out, extend,
make, build, fashion; parietem, Cic. ; milium,
Liv. ; vallum, Caes. ; ocreas argento, Verg. ;
' 6, to draw out a thread; lanas, to spin, Ov. ;
transf., of a poet, carmina, to make verses, Hor. ;
7, to prolong ; a, to pass ; aetatem in litteris,
Cic.; b, to delay, protract ; bellum, Cic. ; ali-
quem diem ex die, to put off, Caes.; 8, to distort;
os, Cic. ; 9, to draw down ; transf., a, to derive;
nomen ex aliqua re, Cic. ; etymolog., ab eundo
nomeii (.lani) est ductum, Cic. ; b, (n heffi*i ab
eodem verbo dueitur saepius oratio, Cic; 10, to
count, reckon; fenus quaternis centesimis, Cic ;
aliquem in hostium numero, Caes. ; aliquid
parvi, to esteem little, Cic. ; pluris, Cic. ; pro
nihilo, Cic. ; aliquem despicatui, to despise, Cic. ;
with accus. and inlin., to consider; qui soregein
esse ducebat, Cic. II. '" ImtL A. Gen., 1, of
persons, ducere eqiiuin, Liv.; 2, of things, duxit
via in leniter editum collem, Liv. B. Esp., 1,
» polit. and legal t.t., to lead before a court of justice,
or to lead away for punishment; aliquem in jus,
Liv. ; in carcerem, in vincula, Cic. ; 2, a, milit.
t.t., to march ; cohortes ad munitiones, Caes. ;
absol., ad hosteni, Liv.; b , JSL-caamutnd ; ex-
ercitus, Caes.; transf., familiain. tobetTTe most
celebrated of, Cic. ; 3, uxorem ducere, to marry;
ducere uxorem alicuius filiam, Cic. ; absol.,
ducere ex plebc, to marry from among the plebs,
Liv. ; 4, to lead- by the nose, cheat, Ov. ; 5, of
watpv, tf> rpiul\[ct ; aquam in urbeni, Liv. ; Q^to »
take with oit£ j_suas mulierculas seeum, Cic. ; 7,
to order, arrange ; alicui funus, Cic.
• ducto, 1. (intens. of duco), to lead ; exercituin,
Sail.
■ duotor -oris, m. (duco), ozkeui&z, covmsm^sr, *
Cic. ; ordinum dnctqr, twentvnvn, Liv.
. ductus -Os, m. (duco) I. drawing ; a, oris,
the lineaments of the face, Cic. ; b, .muri, build-
ing, Cic. II. leading; 1, niilit. t.t., cammand,
leadership; alicuius ductu, Cic. ; se ad ductum
Pompeii applicare, Cic. ; 2, conducting of water ;
aquarum, Cic.
dudum, adv. (from diu = die an:. ..:.), 1, a
little while ago, not long since ; quod tibi dudum
(Just now) videbatur, Cic; 2, a, quam dudum,
as long as; quam dudum nihil habeo quod ad
te scribam, Cic ; b, jam dudum, noiv for a long
time ; quern jam dudum Cotta et Sulpicius ex-
pectat, Cic.
duellum, duellicus, duellator = bel- \j
lum, bellicus, bellator, q.v.
Duilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, of
which the most celebrated was C. Duilius, cons. 2(31
b.c, who gained a great naval victory oyer the
Carthaginians, near the Liparean Islands. The
victory was commemorated by the erection in
the forum of a column, adorned with the prows
of ships (columna rostrata).
dulce, adv. (dulcis), sweetly; canere, Hor.
duloedo -Inis, f. (dulcis). I. Lit, a sweet
taste; sanguinis, Ov. II. Transf., a, 8weet)iess,
pleasantness, cliarm ; dulcedine quadam gloriae
commoti, Cic ; dulcedine orationis, Cic. ; b,
desire; dulcedo invasit plebeios creimdi, Liv.
dulcesco, S. (dulcis), to become sweet, Cic.
dulciculus -a -um (dim. of dulcis), some-
what sweet ; potio, Cic.
dulois -e, adj. with compar. and superl. (con-
nected with yXvicvs). I. Lit. sweet (opp. amarns),
vinum, Hor. ; unda, fresh water, Ov. Subst, -
duloe -is, n. what is sweet, Ov. ; dulcia -ium,
n. sweet things, Cic. II, Transf. A. tweet, pleas-
ant, delightful, agreeable ; nomen libertatis, Cic. ;
poemata, Hor. ; orator, Cic. B. friendly, dear,
beloved; amici, Cic. ; used in addresses, dulcis-
sime Attice v Cic. ■
dulciter, adv.(dulcis^, with compar. dulcius,
superl. dulcissime, sweetly, Cic. . .-
dulcitudo -Inis, f. (dulcis^ sweetness, Cic.
Dulichium -li, n. (Aov\ix iov )> an island in
the Ionian Sea, forming part of the kingdom of
Ulysses. Adj. DullChlus -a -um, 'Ihdichian,
poet., belonging to Ulysses; rates, Verg. ; dux,
Ulysses,Ov.
dum (like quum and turn, the ace. of
pronoun). I. Adv., joined as an'e''
other words, a, with non, nullus, ha
nondum, not yet, Cic. ; so necdum,
dum, Cic. ,* nullusdum, no one yet, I
scarcely yet, Cic. ; nihilduin, notln
nedum (sc. dicam), not to say, t
imperat. then ; age dum, Cic. ; ite.
II. Conj., \,while; generally with i-
2, as long as; with indicat., Cic
till; with subj.jCic. ; 4, in* so fin
provided that; with the subj., Cic. r
by modo, dummodo, Cic. ; dumne
not, Cic. ; dummodo ne, Cic
dumetum -I, n. (dumus),
thicket, Cic ; flg., cur eaintanta.
i^t Stoicorum dumeta compellimus,
dum ::
dUlUmodo, v. dum.
Dumnorix -igis, m. brother of the Aeduan
Divitiacvs.
dumosus -a -urn (dumus), covered with thorn
bushes, bushy, Verg.
dumtaxit = duntaxat, q.v.
dumua -i, m. a thorn bush, bramble, Cic
duntaxat (dumtaxat), ndv. (dum and taxo),
exactly, according to the right measure, not more
and not less. I.nosnnimo duntaxat vigemus,ns/nr
as the mind isconcerned, Cic. II. a, only, merely,
Cic. ; non duntaxat . . . sed, vot only . . . but,
Liv. ; b, at least, Cic. III. in so far ; exeeptis
duntaxat iis gentibus, quae regn.intur, Tac.
dii8 -ae -6 (Svo), two, Cic.
duo-decles, adv., twelve times, Cic. '
duo-decim(duo and decern), tivelve; tabulae,
Vie Twelve Tables, Cic; sometimes simply duo-
deciin, the Twelve.
duo-decimus -a -um (duodecim), the twelfth,
Caes.
duo deni -ae -a, 1, twelve each, Cic. ; 2,
twelve, Verg.
duo-de-quadragesimus, th irty - eighth,
Liv. ^
duo-de-quadraginta, thirty-eight, Cic.
duo-de-quinquageslmus -a -wn, the
forty-eighth, Cic.
duo- de-triclens (-tricies) adv. , twenty-eight
times, Cic.
duo-de-triginta, twenty-eight, Liv.
diio-de-vlceni -ae -a, eighteen each, Liv.
du6-de-vlginti, eighteen, Cic.
diio-et-viceslmani -orum, m. soldiers of
the 22)k1 'legion, Tac.
duo-et-vicesimus -a~ -liro, the twenty-
second, Tac.
duplex -pllcifi (duo and jilico), 1, double,
two-fold; amiculum, Nep., amictus, Verg.,
pannus, Hor., a garment folded twice round
tlte body ; palmae, both hands, Verg. ; 2, a,
doubled, twice as much; frumentum, stipend-
inm, Caes. ; b, double-faced, false, deceitful,
Hor^
dupHcarius -a -um (duplex), miles, a
soldier who gets double rations, Liv.
duplicitor, adv. (duplex), doubly, Cic.
duplico, 1. (duplex). I. Lit., to fold in two,
double up; duplicatque viruin (hasta), transftxa
dolore, Verg. II. Transf., 1, a. to dcmble ; nuin-
erum dierum, Cic. ; b, duplieare verba, to
repeat, Cic. ; 2, a, to lengthen, crescentes umbra-
(of the sun), Verg. ; b, to increase; duplicari
soliicitudines, Cic.
duplus -a -um (duo), twice as much, double;
l.jad,|., pars, Cic. ; pecnnia, Liv. ; 2, subst.,
duplum -i, n. the double, esp. a double penalty ;
■m dupli subire or in duplum ire, Cic. ;
'are in duplum, Cic.
lus -li, m. (=dno asses pondo), a
«s, Cic.
1 -e (duro), lotting, durable, Ov.
-Inis, n. (duro) hardness ; aquaruiii,
S-a -um (iovpaTcoO, wooden, applied
Trojan horse, Lucr.
id duritcr, adv. with compar.
•1. durissime (durus), hardly. I,
respect to heariDg, unpleasantly;
dieere, Hor. ; b, of works of art,
y; quid scnlptum infabre, quid
. esset, Hor. II. Transf., a, in
wkwardly; durius incedit, Ov. ; b,
* dyn
in conduct, harshly, severely ; durius in deditos
consulere, Liv. ; durius aliquid accipere, Cic.
duresco, dnrui, 3. (durus), to grow hard ;
frigoribus durescit humor, freezes, Cic.
duritas-atis, f. (durus), harshness, unfriend-
liness, Cic.
duriter - dure (q.v.).
duritia -ae, f. and durities -ei,f. (durus),
hardness. I. Lit., of nature, atrae pellis, Ov.
II. Transf., a, hardness, austerity ; duiitia viri-
11s, Cic. ; ab parvulis labori ac duritiae studere,
Caes.; b, harshness, severity; animi, Cic; c,
severity, oppressiveness; operum, Tac; caoli
militiaeque, Tac.
duro, 1. (durus). I. Transit. A. Lit., to make
hard; 1, gen., caementa ealee, Liv. ; enses in
scopulos, Ov. ; 2, esp., to dry up, make dry;
terrnm (by heat), Verg. ; Albanam fumo uvam,
Hor. B. Transf., 1, to make, hardy, Oiure ; se
labore, Caes. ; in a bad sense, to render callous ;
ad omne facinus duratus, Tac; 2, to endure;
laborem, Verg. ; imperiosius aequor, Hor. II.
Intransit. A. Lit., to become hard or dry ; durare
uolum, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to become hard, or
callous; in nullius unquam suoruni necem dur-
ravit, Tac. ; 2, to endure; unam liieinem in
castris, Liv.; sub Jove, Ov. ; 3, tolast, remain,
continue ; durat simulacrum,, Verg. ; totidein dur-
are per annos, Verg.
durus -a -um, adj. with compar. and superl.,
hard. I. Lit., a, hard to the touch ; ferruni,
Hor. ; b, harsh to the taste; sapor Bacchi, Verg. ;
C, harsh to the ear ; vocis genus, Cic. ; oratio,
Cic; d, rough to the eye, rude; signa dura sed
tamen molliora quam Canachi, Cic. ; e, of feel-
ing, hard, rough; poeta durissimus, Cic II.
Transf., 1, strong, enduring; Bcipiadae duri
bello, Verg.; 2, in demeanour; a, awkward,
uncouth; nt vita sic oratione durus, incnltus,
horridus, Cic. ; b, shameless ; os, Ov. ; 3, a,
hardy, austere ; homo durus ac prisons, Cic ; b,
without taste for; C. Marina, qui durior ad haee
studia videbatur, Cic; 4.,feelingless, stern, severe ;
Varius est habitus judex durior, Cic. ; 5, a, of
weather, severe ; tempestates, Caes. ; b, of the
soil, hard, difficult to work; glebae, Verg. ; c, of
work, hard, diffimdt ; subvectio, Caes. ; d, hard,
painful, unfavourable, adverse; conditio durior,
Verg. ; pauperies, Hor.
duumvir and duovir -viri, m. gen. plur.,
duumviri or duoviri, a pair,of magistrates. I,
In Rome. A. duumviri perduellionis, the magis-
trates who tried cases of perduellio, Liv. B.
duumviri sacrorum or sacris facundis, keepers
of 'he Sibylline books (afterwards increased to
tea, and then to fifteen), Liv. C. duumviri aedi
faciendae or locandae or dedicandae, « com/mission
for building or dedicating a temple, Liv. D.
duumviri navales, a commission for looking after
the fleet, Liv. II. In the Roman municipia and
coloniae, duumviri (juri dicundo), the highest
magistrates, Cic.
dux, ducis, c. I. a leader, guide, conductor;
locorum, Liv. ; arnienti,Ov. ; transf., impietatis,
Cic ; diis ducibus, under the direction of the. gods,
Cic. II. a ruler. A. Gen., superum, Jupiter,
Verg. B. Esp., 1, a military or naval com
mander ; dux praefectnsque chassis, Cic. ; 2, tht
emperor, Ov.
Dymas -mantis, m. (Av'^xa?), father ofHetulta.
Hence Dymantis probes, or subst. Dymantis
-tidis, f. llead>a, Ov.
Dyme -ea, f. (Au/irj), and Dymae -arum, f.
fi (oii'ii in Achaia. Adj. Dymaeus -a -um, of
or belonging to Dyme.
dynastes -is, in. ($vvia-rr\s), ruler, prince,
Cic.
Dyr
185
edi
r>yrrachiumii, u. (\vppd\i.ov), later name
Of Ejd lamiius, in lllyria, the port where skips
lauded turning from Brundisjuin to Greece, now
Durazzo. Hence Dyrrachmi (- eni) -drum, in.
the people of Dyrrachium.
E.
Ee, the fifth letter of the Latin alphabet, cor-
responding in the Greek alphabet both to <■
aud r). For the meaning of B as an abbrevia-
tion, see Table of Abbreviations.
e, prep. = ex (q.v.).
ea, adv. (ablofis,sc. parte), there, Liv,
eadem, adv. (abl. of idem, sc. via), by the
same road, Cic.
ea-propter = propterea.
catenus = ea tenus (parte), adv., so far ; foil.
by qua, quoad, Cic. ; by ut and the subj., Cic.
ebenus -i, m. (I/Sevo;), the ebony-tree, ebony,
Verg.
eblbo -bibi -bitum, 3. I. Gen., to drink up;
amnes (of the sea), Ov. II. 1, Nestoris annos,
to drink as many cups as the years of Nestor's age,
Ov. ; 2, to squander; ut haec ebibat, Hor.
eblandior, 4., dep., to obtain by flattery ;
omnia, Liv. ; enitere, elabora, vel potius ebland-
ire, eftice ut, etc., Cic. ; partic. passive, ebland-
ita ilia non enucleata esse suffragia, Cic.
ebrletas -atis, f. (ebrius), drunkenness, re-
velling, Cic.
ebriositas -atis, f. (ebriosus), the love of
drink, habit of drunkenness, Cic.
ebriosus -a -um (ebrius), drink-loving, Cic.
ebrius -a -um, 1, drunk, intoxicated, Cic. ;
2, transf., intoxicated with, full of; dulci for-
tuna, Hoi-.
ebullio, 4. I. Intransit., to boil up, Sen.
II. Transit., to cause to boil up; transf., to boast
of; virtutes, Cic.
ebiilum -i, n. (-us i, f.), the dwarf elder-
tree (sambucus ebulus, Linn.), Verg.
ebur -oris, n. A. Lit., ivory; signum ex
ebore, Cic. B. Meton., a, of tilings made of
ivory, a statue, Verg. ; a flute, Verg. ; the sheath
of a sword, Ov. ; the curule chair, Hor. ; b, the
elephant, Juv.
eburneolus -a -um (dim. of eburneus),
made of ivory ; fistula, Cic.
eburneus (eburnus) -a -um (ebur). A. made
of ivory, ivory; signum, Cic. ; dens (of the
elephant), Liv. B. Meton., white as ivory; bra-
chia, cervix, Ov.
Ebur ones -um, m. a German people in Gallia
Belaica.
Ebusus and -OS -i, f., an island in the Medi-
terranean, off tlve Spanish coast, now Iviza or
Yvica.
e castor, v. Castor.
ecce, adv. (for ence, from en and ce), behold!
lo ! see ! ecce tuae litterae, Cic. ; ecce tibi cx-
ortus est Isocrates, Cic. ; ubi . . . ecce, Verg. ;
dum . . . ecce, Hor. ; ecce autem, Cic.
ecdlCUS -i, m. (ckSikos), among the Greeks, a
public attorney or prosecutor, Cic.
Ecetra -ae, f. capital of the Volsci. Hence
Ecetranus -i, in. an inhabitant of Ecetra.
ecf . w . ., v. eff . . .
Echecrates -ae,m. CExexpaTrj;), a Pythagor-
ean philosopher, contemporary wth ?la.tc,,
echeneis -idis, f. (eyci^ts), a sucking fish,
remom (echeneis reihora, Linn.), Ov.
echidna -ae, f. (exiSi-a). I. the viper, odder,
as an attribute of the Furies, Ov. II. Proper
noun, A. Echidna Lernaea, the Lemaean hydra
killed by Hercules, Ov. B. amonster of the lower
world, mother of Cerberus and of the Lemaean
hydmfiv. Adj. Echidneus-a -um, cauis echid-
neus, Cerberus, Ov.
Echinades -um ('ExceaSe;, Urchin Islands),
a group of five islands in the Ionian Sea at the
mouth of the Acheloivs.
echinus -i, m. (exiws). 1, the edible sea-
urchin (echinus esculentus, Linn.), Hor. ; 2, a
brazen disli used for washing goblets, Hor.
Echion -6uis, m. ('Ex'«»'). I. one of the
Thebun heroes who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus, husband of Agave, father of
Pentheus ; Echioue uatus, Pentheus, Ov. Hence,
1, Eohionides -ae, in. a son of Echion— i.e.,
Pentheus, Ov. ; 2, Echidnius -a -um, Ech Io-
nian, and poet.= Cudmeian, Theban, Verg. II.
son of Mercury, one of the Argonauts. Hence
adi., Echionius -a -um, of or belonging to
Echion.
echo -us, f. {r)x<*)> 1» an eo ' i0 > Plin - > 2»
personif., Echo, a ivood-nymph, Ov.
eclogaru -orum, m. = loci electi, select
passages or extracts, Cic.
ec-quando, adv., 1, ever, used in an im-
passioned interrogation, ecquando te rationem
factoruni tuorum redditurum putasti? Cic; 2,
ever, indefinite, after nisi, Cic.
ec-qui, ecquae or ecqua, ecquod, pronoun
| interrog. adj.= numqui, any, used in an im-
I passioned interrogation ; ecqui pudor est ? ec-
quae religio, Verres ? Cic. ; quaeris ecqua spes
sit, Cic.
ec-quis, ec-quid, pron. interrog. subst.
whether any? any one? any thing? in impas-
sioned interrogation, ecqnis retulit aliquid ad
conjugem ac liberos, praeter odia? Liv.; with
nam, ecquisnam tibi dixerit, Cic. ; ad.j. = ecqui,
ecquis Latini nominis populus defecerit ad nos?
Liv. ; used adverbially, a, ecquid, whether; fao
sciain ecquid venturi sitis, Cic; b, ecqui =
num aliqui, Cat.; c, ecquo, whither? ecquo tc
tua virtus provexisset? Cic.
eculcus = equuleus (q.v.).
edacitas -atis, f. (edax), greediness, gluttony,
Cic.
edax -acis, f. (1. edo), 1, greedy, gluttonous;
hospes, Cic. ; 2, transf., destructive, consuming ;
ignis, Verg. ; curae edaces, " eating cares," Hor. ;
tempus edax rerum, Ov.
Edessa -ae, f. ("ES«rcra), 1, town in Mace-
donia, residence of the old Macedonian kings.
Hence adj., Edessaeus -a -um, of or belong-
ing to Edessa ; 2, capital of the province of
Oshroene in Mesopotamia.
cdico -dixi -dictum, 3. 1, to make known,
publish, order, appoint; hoc simul, Hor. ; foil,
by a rel. sent., Cic. ; 2, esp. to publish openly
(by a herald or otherwise), to decree, ordain by
proclamation (of magistrates) ; diein comitiis,
Liv. ; with ace. and infin., Cic; with ut or no
aud the subj., Cic. ; with subj. alone, Cic.
edictum -i, n. (edico), a decree, edict ; a, of
a magistrate, general, king, etc., Archilochia in
ilium edicta Bibuli, Cic. ; edictum constituere
or proponere, Cic; praemittere, Cnes.; b, the
proclamation by a praetor on his entering office in
which he pidilished the principles thai would
govern h\s jiu\\c\al o}e(i$ions, Cic.
edi
186
eff
edlSCO -didlci, 3. 1, to learn thoroughly,
leant off by heart ; aliquid ad veibum, word for
\cord, Cic. ; magnum numerum versuum, Caes. ;
2, to learn, study; istam artem, Cic.
edlBsdro -seini -sertuin, 3. to explain, set
forth, relate fully ; resgestas, Liv. ; neque necesse
est cdisseri a nobis, quae finis fuuestae familiae
fiat, Cic.
edlsserto, 1. (intens. of edisscro), to set forth,
explain, relate exactly; neque aggrediar harrare
quae edissertanda minora vero faciam, Liv.
edlticiUS -a -um (2. cdo), put forth, an-
nounced, proposed; judiccs, the panel of 125
juilices (jury), of which the accused could reject 75,
Cic. .
editio -<5nis, f. f2. edo), 1, the publishing of
a book; mnturare llbri huius editionem, Tac. ;
2, a statement; in tarn discrepant© editione,
Liv. ; 3, legal t. t., editio tribuum, the proposal of
four tribes by the plaintiff or prosecutor, out of
which the jury were to be chosen.
edltus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
6« perl. (2. edo), 1, high, lofty; collis, Caes.;
locus, Cic.; subst., edi turn -i, n. a lofty situa-
tion, height, Tac. ; 2, transf., viribus editior,
mightier, Hor.
1. edo, edi, e"sum, edere or esse (<?&»), 1 ? to
eat; nee esuriens Ptolemaeus ederat jucunduis,
Cic. ; niultos modios sails Bimul edendos esse,
utamicitiae munus expleturo sit, many bushels of
salt must be eaten together, i.e. thefriendship must
beof long standing, Cic; 2, of inanimate things,
to consume, eat away, corrode; culnios edit or est
robigo, Verg. ; si quid est animam, Hor. (con-
tracted forms, es, est, estis ; subj. essem, infin.
esse).
2. edo -didi -dltum, 3. to. give out. I. Gen.,
animam or extremum vitae spirituni, to breathe
one's last, to die, Cic. ; of tilings, funiculus ar-
niatos repente edidit, brought to light, Liv. II.
Esp.,1, to bring into the world, to bring firth,
give birth to ; partum, Cic. ; aliquem, Tac. ; edi
in lucem, to be brought into the world, Cic. ; partic,
Maecenas atavis edite regibus, descended from,
Hor.; of things, toproduce; (terra) edit innumeras
species, Ov. ; 2, to give forth from oneself, to
utter ; clamorem majoreni, Cic. ; 3, to make
known ; a, of writing, to publish ; illos de re-
publics librosj Cic. ; b, to spread a report; quae
opinio erat edita in vulgus, Cic. ; c, to set
forth, relate, tell, divulge; ede ilia quae coeperas,
Cic. ; consilia hoatiuin, Liv. ; esp. (a) of the
oracles, to state, answer ; Apollo oracnlum edidit
Spartam perituram, Cie. ; (/3) legal t.t. to fix, de-
termine ; judicium, Cic;tribus, to nominate the
tribes out of which the jury were to be chosen, Cic. ;
aliquem silii socium in, etc., to propose, Cic. ; (7)
to command ; edcrct consul quid lieri vellet,
Liv. ; partic. subst., cdita -Sriim, n. commands,
Ov. ; 4, to bring about, cause, furnish ; a, ru-
inas, Cic; annuam operain, to serve for a year,
Liv.; magnam caedem, Liv.; b, of magistrates,
to provide games for the people; ludos, spee-
taculum, Tac. ; -5, of time, to close, bring to an
end ; vitam, Cic.
edoceo -dScui -doctum, 2. to teach, instruct
thoroughly, to inform fully ; generally with double
ecc, juventutem multa facinora, Ball.; with
relat. sent. , quos ille edocuerat quae fieri vellet,
Caes. ; withinfin., omnia venalia habere edocuit,
Sail. ; with ace, of tilings, omnia online, Liv. ;
freq. in partic. perf. pass, with ace, edoctus
nrtes belli, Liv. ; of abstractions, witli ut and
the subj., edocuit ratio ut videremus, etc., Cic.
cd61o, 1. to hew out with an are, to bring into
shape, complete ; quod jusseras cdolavi, Cic.
0<Jtfmo-d<5rnu.i -dCipiitum, \. (otg.nie thoroughly,
entirely subdue; vitiosam naturam doctrina, Cic;
orbem (terrarum), Ov.
Edoni -oium ('HSwroi), (i Thracian people-
famed for the worship of Bacchus. Adj., 1, Edo-
nus -a -um, poet., Thracian, Verg. ; 2, Edo-
nis -nidis, f. poet, adj., Thracian, Ov. ; subst.,
a Bacchanal, Prop.
edormio, 4. to have one's sleep out. I. In-
transit., to sleep away, to slsep one's fill; quuni
(vinolenti) edorniiveiunr, Cic. II. Transit., a,
to sleep off ; crapulain, Cic. ; b, Fufius llionam
edormit (of an actor), sleeps through the part oj
Iliona, Hor.
educatio -onis, f. (educo), bringing up, train-
ing, education; of children, educatio liberoruni,
Cic.;institutuslibcralitereducatiouedoctrinaque
puerili, Cic.
educator -oris, m. (educo), one who trains
or brings up; a, a foster-father, Cic; b, a tutor,
Tac.
educatrlx -icis, f. (educator), a foster-mother,
nurse; transf., earum (rerum) parens est educ
atrixque sapientia, Cic.
1. educo, 1. (intens. of 2. educo), to bring up,
rear, educate; a, of human beings, aliquem, Cic;
caelum quo natus edueatusque esscin, Liv. ;
homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic ; ad
turpitudinem educatur, Cic. ; b, of animals, in
educando perfaeile apparet aliud quiddaiu iis
(bestiis) propositus), Cic ; c, of things, transf.,
educata Indus nutrimentis eloquentia, Cic
2. educo -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to draw out,
lead out. A. to draw out; 1, gen., gladiuin e
vagina, Cic ; 2, esp., t. t. of drawing lots,
sortem, Cic. ; aliquem ex uma, Cic. B. fc> lead
out ; 1, gen., homincin de senatu, Cic. ; aliquem
in provinciam, Cic; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t., to
march troops out; cohortescx urbc, Caes.; exerc-
itum in expeditioncm, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., to
lead before a court of law; aliquem in jus, Cic. ;
aliquem ad consules, Cic, or simply cduccre
aliquem, Cic. ; c, naut. t. t., to take a ship out oj
port, naves ex portti, Caes. ; d, to lead out of a
country ; equos ex Italia, Liv.; e, to bring vote)'
(by aqueduct); lacum, Cic; f, to build a wall
on to a river ; moles quam eductam in Bhenuin
retuliinus, Tac. II. to raise up. A. Lit.,
aliquem superas sub auras, Verg. ; tig., in astru,
to praise sky high, Hor. B. Transf., a, turns
suuimis sub astra educta tectis, Verg. ; b, to
bring up, rear a child; aliquem, Cic. III. Of
time, to live, spend; pios annos, Prop.
cdulis -e (1. edo), eatable, Hor.
eduro, l. to last, endure, Tac.
edurus -a -um, very hard; pirus, Verg.;
transf., eduro ore negarc, Ov.
Ection -onis, m. ('Hen'oii'), father of Ardm-
mache, prince of Thebae in Cilicia. Hence adj.,
Eetioneus -a -uni, o/or belonging to Eetion.
effarcio -fersi -fertum, 4. (ex and farcio), to
stuff full; intervalla grandibus saxis, Caes.
efTatum -i, n. (n. of partic of eflbr), 1, an
announcement, prediction; fatidicoruin et valuni,
Cic. ; 2, an axiom, Cic.
effcctio -onis, f. (efficio), 1, a doing, prac-
tising ; artis, Cic. ; 2, an efficient muse, Cic.
effector -Oris, 111. (efficio), one who produces,
causes, originates; effector inuildi molitorraie
deus, Cic. ; of things, stilus optlmus et praestaut-
issimus dicendi ellector ac mngister, Cic.
effectrix -tricis, f. (effector), she that causes
or produces ; terra diei noctisque eflectrix, Cic
1. effectus -a -um, partic. of effieio.
2. effecting -us. m. (efficio). I, Act, dw.wj.
eff
187
eff
effecting, execution, performance ; 1, gen., conatns
tain audax trajieiendaruin Alpiuin ct effectus,
Liv. ; in effeetu esse, Cic. ; postquam ad effectum
operis ventuni est, Liv.; 2, esp., the working;
quanini (herbarum) causain ignorare, vim et
efrectum videres, Cic. II. Pass., effect, con-,
sequence ; effectus eloquentiae est audientinm
approbatio, Cic. ; sine ullo effeetu, Liv.
effeminate, adv. (effeminatus), effeminately,
Cic.
effeminatus -a -um,p. adj. with compar. ami
supei'l. (from effemino), effeminate, tvomanish ;
corpora, Liv. ; opinio, Cic. ; eA'eminatissimus
languor, Cic.
effemino, l. (ex and femina), 1, to make into
ft woman; elfeminarunt cum (aerein) Junonique
tribuerunt, Cic. ; 2, to make effeminate, to ener-
vate ; virum in dolore, Cic. ; eileminari cogita-
tionibus mollissiinis.
efferatus-a -uin, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (1. efl'ero), wild, savage; mores ritusque,
Liv. ; gentes, Cic.
effercio, v. effareio.
cffcritas -atis, f. (efferus), wildness, savage-
ness, Cic.
1. effero, 1. (efferus), to make wild, make
savage. A. Lit., barba et capilli efferaverant
specicm oris, Liv. ; terrain immanitato beluarum
elfcrari, Cic. B. Transf., animos, Liv.; odio
iraque efferati, Liv.
2. effei'O (ecfero), extuli, elatum, efferre (ex
and fero). I. to bear, carry out, bring out. A.
Gen., 1, lit., tela ex aedibusalicuius, Cic. ; deam
in terrain, Liv. ; esp., a, pedom or se efferre, to
betake oneself; pedeiu porta non efferre, Cic. ; b,
milit. t.t., efferre signa (vexilla, anna), to march
out ; signa portis or extraurbein, Liv. ; c, to carry
to the grace, bury ; aliquein, Cic. ; pass., efferri, to
be borne out, buried, Cic; fig., ingens periculum
manet ne libera respublica efferatur, Liv. ; d,
to bring forth, bear; uberiores Luges, Cic; cum
decimo, tenfold, Cic. ; 2, transf., to utter, a, to
express; si graves sententiae inconditis verbis
effcruntur, Cic ; b, to publish, make known ;
aliquid in vulgus, Cic. ; ne lias meas ineptias
efferatis, Cic. ; c, se, to show itself; volo enim se
etferat in adolescents feounditas, Cic. B. to
carry away ; 1, lit., Messiuin impetus per hostes
cxtulit ad castra, Liv.; 2, transf., to curry
away, drive to ; si nie etferet ad gloriam animi
dolor, Cic ; so efferri aliquS re (laetitia, dolore,
studio, iracundia), to be carried away, Cic. II.
to raise up, lift up. A. Lit., a, scutum super
caput, Liv.; b, to make to appear; lucem, Verg.
B. Transf., a, to raise; aliquein ad summiun
ijnperiuui, Cic ; b, to praise, extol; aliquein or
aliquid laudibus, Cic ; c, efferri or se efferre,
to pride oneself on, to be puffed up by ; efferre se
insolentcr, Cic ; partic, elatus, puffed up; re-
centi victoria, Caes.
effertus -a -uin, p. adj. (from effareio), stuffed
full, full ; nimbus effertus tenebris, Lucr.
efferus -a -uin (ex and ferus), very wild,
savage ; facta tyranni, Verg.
effervesce- -ferbiii and -fervi, 3. to boil up,
foam up, effervesce. A. Lit., eae aquae, quae
effervescunt subditis ignibus, Cic. ; poet, of the
stars, at tho creation of the world, to swarm
forth, to break out into a glow, Ov. B. Transf.,
a, Poiitus armatus, etl'ervesccns in Asiam atque
eruinpens, bursting forth, Cic; b, to rage, Cic;
esp. of an orator, to be passionate, Cic.
effervo, 3. (ex and fervo). I. to boil up or
over ; effervere in agios vidimus undantem
Aetnam, Verg. II. to swarm forth, Verg.
effetG3 -a -tim (ex and fet",s, having given
birth to young), weakened, exhausted, effete ;
corpus, Cic. ; vires, Verg. ; innumeris emVtus
laniger annis, Ov. ; offeta veri senectus, in-
capable of truth, Verg.
eff IcacitaS -atis, f. (efficax), efficacy, efficiency,
Cic.
efficaciter, adv. with compar. and superl.
(efficax), effectively, efficaciously ; id acturos effi-
cacius rati, Liv.
efficax -acis, adi. with compar. and superl.
(eftlcio), effective, efficient, efficacious; a, of things,
scicntia, Hor.; with ad, quae maxime efflcaces
ad muliebre ingenium preces sunt, Liv.; with
in and the abl., in quibus (rebus) peragendia
continuatio ipsa efficacissima esset, Liv.; with
infill., amara curarum eluere efficax, Hor. ; b, of
persons, Hercules, active, Hor.
eff Iciens -entis, p. adj. (from efficio), efficient,
effective; res, Cic; causa, efficient cause, Cic;
with genit., effieiens voluptatis, cause of, Cic.
effi'cienter, adv. (efflciens), efficiently, power-
fully, Cic.
efficlcntfa -ae, f. (efflciens), efficiency, Cic.
efficio -feci -tectum, 3. (ex and facio). L to
produce, effect, make. A. Gen., mundnm, Cic;
niagnas rerum commutationes, Cacs. B. Esp.,
a, to build, erect ; columnam, Cic. ; b, of land,
to bear; plurimum, Cic; cum octavo, eight-fold,
Cic; c, of number, to make up; pass., effici.
come to ; ea tributa vix in fenus Pompeii quod
satis est efllciunt, Cic; d, to bring logetlw;
magnum cratium numerum, Caes.; duas legiones,
Caes. ; e, philosoph. 1. 1., to prove, show ; niinutis
interrogationibu9 quod proposuit elficit, Cic ;
ex quibus vult effleere, with ace. and infin., Cic:
ita effieitur ut, etc., Cic; f, to make; Cati-
linam consulein,_ Cic ; hostes ad pugiiaui ala-
criores, Caes. II. to bring to an end, accom-
plish, execute, complete; 1, omne opus, Caes.;
sphaeraui, Cic; hoc, id, illud effleere ut,' etc.,
Cic; simply effleere ut, Cic; non efflci potest
quin, etc., Cic. ; 2, to accomplish (of a inarch),
quantumcumque ilinoris equitatu effleere potu-
erat, Caes.
effigies -ei, f. or effigia -ao, f. (efflngo).
I. Lit., 1, an image, likeness, effigy, portrait;
quaedam effigies spirantis mortui, Cic. ; lianc,
pro Palladio efflgiem statuere, Verg. ; 2, form,
shape ; a, simulacrum deae non efflgie humana,
Tac. ; b, a shade, ghost ; effigies, imuio umbrae
honiinuin. Liv. II. abstract, copy, imitation,
image; .vi humanitatis et probitatia, Cic; ef»
flgiesjusti imperii, ideal, Cic.
eirmgo -fiuxi -Actum, 3. (ex and Ango), 1, to
wipe off, wipe out; e foro sanguineui spongiis
efflngere, Cic. ; 2, a, to form, fashion ; oris
lineamenta, Cic. ; b, to represent ; (uatura)
speciem ita formavit oris .uts in ea penitus
reconditos mores effingeret, Cic; so to express in
words; alicuins mores, Cic; c, to imitate, strive
to reach; ilium imitando, Cic; to conceive; ea
efflngeuda animo, Cic.
eff io -figri, pass, of efficio (q.v.).
efrlagitatio -onis, f. (efflagito), an urgent
demand; efflagitatio ad coeandam societatern,
Cic.
efflagltatus -as, m. (efflagito), on urgent
request ; coactu atquo efilagitatu moo, Cic.
efflagito, 1. (ex and flagito), to ask earnestly,
demand, entreat; nostram misericordiam, Cic;
ab ducibus signum pugnae, Liv. ; epistolam,
Cic. ; ut se ad regem mittcret, Cic.
effligo -flixi -Aictum, 3. (ex and fligo), to kill,
murder, slay ; Pompeium, Cic.
efflo, 1. (ex and flo), 1, transit., to blow out,
brwthe out; ignes ore et naribiyj. Qy.; 2i in-
eff
1SS
ege
transit., to breathe forth, Lucr.; animam, Cic;
extremum halituin, to die, Cic
effloresce -flurui, 3. (ex and floresco), to
blossom, break into bloom, flourish ; lmiceliloresc-
unt genera partesque virtutum, Cic. ; si quidein
effloresoit (ilia aetas) ingenii landibus, Cic.
effi&o (ecfluo) -fluxi, S. (ex and fiuo), 3. to flow
out. A. una cum sanguine vita, Cic. ; aereilluens
line et illuc ventos efflcit, Cic. B. 1, to vanish ;
tanta est enim intimorum multitude, ut ex iis
aliquis potius effluat quain novo sit aditus, Cic;
2, a, to vanish out of thought, to be forgotten;
ctnuere ex animo alicuius, Cic; absul., quod
totum effiuxerat, Cic. ; b, of thought, to be lost,
fall; alicui ex tempore dicenti solet efliuere
mens, Cic. ; c, of time, to disappear ; ne effluat
netas, Cic. ; 3, to come to light, become, know I ;
eflluunt inulta ex vestra disciplina, quae ctiam
ad nostras aures saepc permanant, Cic.
effluvium -li, n. (effluo), flowing out, outlet ;
conviviuni etfiuvio lacus appositum, Tac.
effodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. (ex and fodio). I.
to dig out. A. Gen., fen-um e teira, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, to gouge out; oculos, Cic. ; 2; to make
by digging, to excavate ; portus, Verg. II. to
dig up. A. Gen., terram, Li v. B. to rummage ;
douiibus effossis, Caes.
effor (ecfor), 1. dep. (ex and for). I. Gen., to
speak out, express, speak ; verbuin, Cic; nefanda,
Li v.; turn feruntex oraclo ecfatam esse Pytliiam,
Cic. II. Esp., A. In logic, to state a proposition,
Cic B. T. t. of augury, to fix or determine a
place; templum, Cic; partic, effatus (pass.),
jixed, determined by the augurs, Cic.
effrenate, adv. with compar. (effrenatus),
unrestrainedly, violently, Cic.
effrenatlo -dnis, f. Hn&rUUed impetuosity ;
auiini iuipotentis, Cic.
offrcnatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar, and
superl. (from effreno, P. Aug., to let loose), un-
bridled. A. Lit., equi, Liv. B. Transf., unre-
strained, unchecked, violent; furor, cupiditas,
homo. Cic. ; etfrenatior vox, Cic. ; effrenata iu-
soleutia multitudo, Cic.
elfrenus -a -um (ex and frenum), unbridled;
I, lit., equus, Liv. ; 2, trausf., unrestrained ;
iimiir, Ov.
eflfringo -fregi -fractum (ex and frango), 1,
to break open ; fores, Cic. ; januam, Cic ; 2, to
break off; crus, Sail.
effugio -fBgi -fiigitum, 3. (ex and fugio). I.
Inlransit, to/fee, flyaway, escape, get off ; e praelio,
Cic ; a quibua (iudis) vix vivus effugit, Cic.
II. Transit., to escape from, avoid, flee from,
shun; equitatum Caesaris, Caes.; alicuius impias
mantis, Cic; with ne and thesubj., propinquae
clade urbis ipsi, ne quid simile paterentur, effug-
ernnt, Liv, ; me ellugit, it escapes me, escapes
my observation, Cic.
cffugiuiri -ii, n. (effugio), a flying away,
flight. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Meton., A. an out-
let for flight ; si effugium patuisset in publicum,
Liv. B. the means or opportunity of fliglit ;
mortis, Cic. ; effugia pennarum habere, Cic.
cffulgeo -falsi, 'J. (ex and fnlgeo), to shine
out, glitter. A. Lit., nova lux oeulis cffulsit,
Verg. ; auro, glitter with gold, Verg. B. Trausf.,
etlulgebant riiilippus hc magntu Alexander,
Liv.
effultUS -a-nm (ex and fulclo), resting upon,
sup]>ortcd by; velleribus, Verg.
effundo -Hull -fnsuin, 3. (ex and (undo), to
pour out, pour forth, shed. I. 1, of liquid-;
lacrimas, Cic. ; Tiberis effusus super ripas, Li/.;
imber effusus nubibus, Verg. ; 2, of tilings not
Quid, to «w out, pour forth ; saccos aqinmornm,
to empty, Hor. II. A. 1, to throw down; ali-
quem solo, Verg. ; esp. of horses, to throw their
riders ; effundere consulem super caput, Liv. ;
2, to drive forth ; excutiat Teucros vallo atque
effundat in aequum, Verg. B. 1, to loosen, let
go; itcrumsinum, unfold the toga, Liv.; navibus
omnes habenas, Verg. ; 2, to pour, throw ; of
weapons, telorum omnia generis vis ingens effUsa
est In eos, Liv. ; of other objects, priinum im-
petum quern fcrvido ingenio et caeca ira effund-
unt, Liv. ; 3, to send forth (a number of men),
auxilium eastris, Verg. ; 'reflex., se effundere,
middle efl'undi, to stream forth, pour forth ;
cunctum senatum, totum Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. ; Celtiberi omnes in fugam elTunduntur,
Liv.; 4, to pour forth, give forth ; a, /H" sounds,
tales voces, Verg. ; vox in coronam turbaiiique
effunditur, Cic; b, of fruits, to bring forth in
abundance; segetes ell'undunt fruges, Cic; 5,
of property, to spend, squander ; patrimouia
effundere largiendo, Cic. III. Transf., A. to
pour out, tell, impart ; effudi vobis omnia quae
sentiebam, Cic ; in a bad sense, omnem suum
vinolentum furorem in aliquem, pour forth on,
Cic. B. Esp. reflex, and middle, to give oneself
up to, indulge in; effundeie se in aliqua libidine,
Cic ; nimio successu in tantani hceutiamque
socordiamque effusus, Liv. C. 1, to use, expend,
make full use of; omnia reipublicae remedia,
Cic; ibi omnis effusus labor, wasted, Verg.;
2, to breathe forth ; spiiitum extremum in vic-
toria, to dx, Cic.
effuse, adv. with compar. and super), (effus-
us). I. far and vide; ire, in disorder, Sail.;
vastare, Liv. II. Transf., 1, profusely, lavishly;
donare, Cic; 2, unrestrainedly, immoderately;
exsultare, Cic.
effusio -onis, f. (effundo). I. Acf. 1, a
pouring forth ; tutantur sc atramenti ellusione
sepiae, Cic. ; 2, extravagance, prodigality ; hae
pecuniarum elfusiones, Cic; absol., liberalitatem
effusio Imitatur, Cic. II. Middle, 1, lit., a,
aquae, Cic; b, pouring out of people ; etfusionee
hominum ex oppidis, Cic; 2, transf., exuberance
of spirits, excessive hilarity; effusio animi in
laetitia, Cic.
effusus -a -um, p. ad.j. with compar. and
superl. (effundo), poured forth. I. Lit., 1, let
loose; effusae comae, Ov. ; ctl'nso cursu, ut
full speed, Liv.; 2, wide-spread; marc latu
elfusum, Hor. ; 3, of soldiers, disorderly (in
march), effuso agmine, Liv. ; fuga etl'usa, Liv.
II. Transf., a, extravagant; in largitionc, Cic. ;
b, unrestrained, immoderate. ; licentia, Liv.
effutio, 4. (ex and k futio, from root, FUD,
FUT, whence fundo, futilis), to blab out, chatter ;
aliquid, Cic; de mundo, Cic ; absol., ex tem-
pore, Cic.
efflituo -ui, 3. to squander in debauchen/,
Cat. v
egelldus -a -um, 1, with the chill off, luke-
warm, tepid; tepores, Cat.; 2, cool, somewhat
cold ; ftumen, Verg.
egens -eutis, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (egeo), poor, needy, indigent (opp. locu-
ples) ; egens quidam calumniator, Cic; with
genit., verborum non egens, not deficient in, Cic.
egenus -a-um (egeo), needy, wanting, in,
need of; with genit., omnium egena corpora,
Liv. ; of condition, poor; in rebus egenis, po-
verty, Verg.
egeo -ui, 'J. I, to want, be in, need, be desti-
title, be needy, poor; a, absol., egebat? iiimio
locuplcs end, Cic. ; b, to be in want of something ;
with abl., medicina, Cic; with genit., auxilii,
Caes. II. Transf., 1 (= careo), to he without,
not to have; with abl., auctoritate, to have no
authority, Cjc; witH genit., plasgis, Yerg. \ g.
fige
180
ola
(= desidero), to desire, vjish for, want ; with
abl., pane, Hor.
Eg£rla -ae, f. an Italian nymph, the in-
strilclrtss of Numa Pompilius.
egero -gessi -gestum, 3. to carry, bear, bring,
get out. A. Lit., 1, gen., tantum nivis, Liv. ;
2, esp., a, to carry off, as plunder, praedam ex
hostium tectis, Liv.; b, dapes, to vomit, Ov.
B. Transf., expletur lacnmis egeriturque dolor,
is expelled, Ov.
egestaa -atis, f. (for egentas from egeo).
I. extreme poverty, indigence, need. A. Lit.,
ista paupertas vel potius egestas'ac mendieitas,
Cic. B. Tiansf., animi, Cic. II. want of, de-
ficiency in ; fiumenti, Sail.
eglgno, 3. to produce out of , Lucr.
Egnatia (Cnatia) -ae, f. a'town in Apulia
Peueetia.
ego (f-yui), pron. pers. genit. mei, dat. mihi,
aec. me, abl. me ; plnr. nom. nos, genit. nos-
trum and nostri, dat. nobis, aec. nos, abl. nobis,
J, plur. we. I. Lit., 1, gen., alter ego, mysewnd
self Cic. ; genit. nostrum partitive and posses-
sive, nostri, objective, Cic. ; 2, esp., nos for
ego, nobis eonsulibis, Cic. II. Meton., A. ad
me, to me, to my house, Cic. B. a me, from -my
property, at my expense; se a me solvere, Cic.
(ego, etc., strengthened by -met in all cases ex-
cept genit. plnr., egomet, etc.).
egredior -gressus, 3. dep. (ex and gradior).
I. Intransit., A. to go out, pass out; 1, Lit., a,
e cubiculo; b, milit. t.t., (a) to leave the ranks;
egredi ordine, Sal). ; (/3) to march out of camp;
e castris, C'aes., or simply castris, Caes. ; ad
proeliuni, Caes. ; b, naut. t.t. (a) egredi ex navi
or simply navi, Cic, to disembark ; so egredi in
terrain, Cic. ; absol., Caes. ; (/3) egredi ex portu,
to sail away, Cic. ; 2, in discourse, to digress;
a proposito, Cic. B. to go up, ascend; ad sum-
mum montis, Sail. II. Transit., A. to go out of;
urbem, Liv. B. Lit., 1, to pass beyond; muni-
tiones,Caes. ; 2, transf., to overstep, jkiss ; modum,
Tac. ; to go out of ; fines, Caes.
egregie, adv. (egregius), excellently, admir-
ably, singularly ; with verbs, pingere, loqui, Cic. ;
with adjectives, egregie fortis imperator, Cic. ;
egregie subtilis scriptor et elegans, Cic.
egregius -a -tun, (ex and grex, lit., not be-
longing to the common herd), admirable, excellent,
extraordinary, distinguished ; civis, Cic; with
in and the abl., Laelius in bellica laude, Cic. ;
with ad, vir ad cetera egregius, Liv. ; with
abl., bejlo, _Verg. ; with genit., animi, Verg.
Subst., egregia -orum, n. distinguished actions,
Sail.
egressus -us, m. (egredior). I. a going out,
departure; vester, Cic ; ventos custodit etarcet
Aeolus egressu, Ov. II. A. a landing from a
ship, disembarkation; egressus optimus, Caes.
B. a passage out; egressus obsidens, Tac; poet.,
the mouth of a river, Ov.
eheu, Interj., expressing grief or pain, alas!
woe! eheu me miserum ; often followed by
quam, Hor. (eheu in epic and lyric poets).
ei (hei), interj., expressing pain, ah! woe!
ei mihi conclamat, Ov.
eia and heia (eia), interj., exclamation of joy
and surprise, hallo! well then! heia vero ! Cic. ;
cia age, of exhortation, quick ! come then ! Verg.
cieio — ejieio (q.v.).
ejaciilor, 1. dep., to throw out, hurl out;
aquas, Ov.
ejectamentum -i, n. (ejecto), that which is
thrown up; maris, Tac
ejectio -onis^f. (ejieio), banishment, exilr, Cie.
ejecto, 1. (intens. of ejieio), to throw, cast,
hurl out, eject; 1, arenas, favillam, Ov. ; 2, to
vomit forth; cruorem ore, Verg.
ejectus -Us, m. (ejieio), a casting out, Lucr.
ejieio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ex and jacio), to throui
out, cast out, drive out, drive away, eject. 1. Gen.,
A, Lit., aliquem ex oppido, Caes. i multos sed->
ibus ac fortunis, Cic. ; se in terrain e navi, Cic. ;
fig., si quidem lianc sentinam htlius urbis ejec-
erit, Cic B. Transf., amorem ex animo, Cic.
II. Esp., A. to cast forth, utter ; vocem, Cic. B.
Milit. t.t., a, to drive away ; cohortes, Caes.; b,
se ejicere, to rush forth ; se ex oppido, Caes. C.
to drive away ; a, from house or property, ali-
quem domo, Cic. ; absol., damnato et ejecto, Cic. ;
of the wife (with or without domo), to divorce,
Cic. ; b, to banish; aliquem ex patria, Cic ; or
simply ejieer-e aliquem, Cic. ; c, to remove from a
magistracy, guild, etc ; aliquem de collegio, Cic;
e senatu, Cic. D. Naut. t.t., a, to bring to shore ;
navem in terrain, Caes.; b, in pass., to be cast
ashore, stranded; classis ad Baleares ejicitur,
Liv. ; ejici in litore, Caes. ; ejectus, a shipwrecked
person, Cic. E. to throw out a dead body, leave
unburied ; ne corpus ejiciatur, Cic. F. 1, to
stretch forth, thrust out; linguain, Cic; 2, to
dislocate; annum, Verg. G. to hiss an actor off.
the stage, Cic ; so transf., to reject, disapprove of ;
Cynicorum ratio tota est ejicienda, Cic.
ejulatio -finis, f. (ejulo), wailing, a lament-
ation ; ilia non viiilis, Cic
ejulatus -us, m. (ejulo), a wailing, lamenting;
ejulatus ne mulieri quidem conccssus est, Cic.
ejulo, 1. to wail, lament; magnitudine dol-
orum ejulans, Cic.
eturo and ejero, 1. to refuse or deny on oath.
I. Legal 1. 1., bojia.m_cojniani, to swear that one is
insolvent, Cic. ; forum sibi iniqunm, provinciam
sibi iniquam, aliquem (judicem) iniquum, to
declare by oath that a court or judge is partial, to
challenge, Cic; magistratum, imperium, to resign,'
abdicate, with an oath that the duties have been,
duly performed, Tac. II. Transf., to give up,'
abjure, abandon, disown ; patriam, Tac
ejusdemmodi or ejusdem modi (idem
and modus), in the same manner r Cic.
ejusmodi or ejus modi (is and modus).
I. of this kind, such; genus belli est ejusmodi,
Cic. II. =' ita, so, quam viam tensarum .atque
pompae ejusmodi exegisti, ut, etc., Cic.
elabor ktpsss, o. dep., to glide out of, slide
away from, escape, slip away. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
anguis ex oolumna lignea elapsus, Liv. ; quum
se convolvens sol elaberetur et abiret, Cic.
B. Esp., to slip auxiy, escape; e manibus eurant-
ium, Liv.; animi corporibus elapsi, Cic; with
ace, eustodias, Tac. II. Transf., A. Gen.,
disciplina elapsa est de manibus, Cic. B. Esp.,
to be acquitted, escape from punishment, get off;
ex tot tantisqne criminibus, Cic
elaboro, 1. I. Intransit., to labour hard,
strive, take pains; generally with in and the
abl., in litteris, Cic ; with ut and the subj., in eo
quoque elaborare ut, etc., Cic. II. Transit., to
labour on, work out, elaborate, produce; causae.
diligenter elaboratae et tanquam elucubratae,
Cic; versus ornati daboratique, carefully worked
out, Cic; as opp. to natural, artificial; elaborala
concinnitas, Cic
Elaea -ae, f. CEWa), a town in Aeolis.
elameutabilis -e, very lamentable; gemitus,
Cic
elanguesco -gui, 3. to become weak, be re- '
taxed, become languid; aliena ignavia, Liv.;
differendo deinde elanguit res, Liv.
elarglor, 4. to lavish, give liberally Pers.
Gla
190
Eli
elate, adv. (elatus), 1, loftily >' loqui, Cic. ;
2, arrogantly ; se gerere, Nep.
Eiatelus -a -uin, of or belonging to Elatus.
Subst., son of Elatus, I.e., Caeneus.
elatio -Onis, f; (KfTcro),l, flightj soaring ;b\niio
et mngiiitildo niiiiiil, Cic. S elatio atquc altitiulo
oratlonl8 sitae, Go. ; 2, elevation ; pai'lum com-
paratio nee elatioliem lmbet ncc suminissioneni,
Cic.
elatro, 1. to hark out, cry out, Hor.
elatus -a -um (partic. of 2. effero), elevated,
exalted ; of discourse, verba, Cic. ; of the ruind,
animus magnua elatusque, Cic.
Elaver -Sria, li. a tributary of the Liger, now
the Allier.
Elea -ae, f. (Ekta), town, in Lower Italy (Lat.
Velio), birthplace of J'armenides and Zc}w, the
founders of the Eleatic school of philosophy. Hence,
Eleates -ae, m. Zeno, Cic. Adj., Elcaticus
•a -um, Eleatic ; philosoplii, Cic
electe, adv. with compar. (electus) choicely,
selecily ; digerere, Cic.
electio -6nis, f. (eligo), choice, selection ; a,
of persons, senatus electionem (legatorum) Gal-
bae permiserat, Tae. ; b, of things, judicium
electioque verborum, Cic. ; iis triuni conditi-
onuin electionem feiTe, Liv.
ElCCtra -ae, f. ('HA^crpa), 1, daughter of
Atlas, one of the Pleiades, mother of Dardanus by
Jupiter; 2, daughter of Agamemnon, wife of
Pylades, sister of Orestes and Iphigenia.
electrum -i, n. (rjAe/cTpoi-), 1, amber, Verg. ;
2, <*» alloy of gold and silver, resembling amber
in colour, Verg.
1. electus -a -um, p.~adj. with compar. and
superl. (eligo), chosen, select ; a, of persons,
manus, Tac. ;
choke, Cic.
b, of things, verba clectissiina,
2. cloctus -us, m. (eligo), choosing, choice;
necis, Ov.
elegans -antis, adj. with cornier, and
superl. (for eligens, from eligo), choice, fine, neat,
tasteful, elegant; a, of persons, non parcus
solum, sed etiam elegans, Cic. ; subst., eleg-
antes, fine folk, Cic; b, of things, tastefrd;
artes, Cic. ; c, of oratory and diction, fine, cor-
rect, elegant ; elegans in dieendo, Cic. ; subst.,
elegantes, fine orators, Cic. ; epistola elcgnnt-
lssima, Cic.
eleganter, adv. with compar. and superl.
(elegans), tastefully, choicely, neatly, elegantly;
scribere, Cic. ; scribere, psallere et saltare eleg-
antius quam Decease est, Sail. ; Latiue loqui
elegantissime, Cic.
ele'gantla -ae, f. (elegans), a, taste, refine-
ment, grace, elegance; integritas et elegnntia
filieuius, Cic. ; elegnntia vitae, Cie. ; doctrinae,
Cic. ; b, of oratory or diction, grace, correctness,
elegance, neatness; elegantia loquendi, Cio. ; dis-
serendi, Cic
elegl -ijrnm, m. (e Ktyoi), elegiac verses, Hor.
elegia -ne, f. (eAryei'a), a poem written in
elegiac verse, Ov.
Eleleus -Si, m. ("EXtkei's, from eAeAtu, the
Bacchic cry), a surname of Bacchus, Ov. ; hence,
Eleleides -um, f. Bacchantes, Ov.
eiementum -i, n. I. an element, first pri.n-
efofe, I'lin. ; oftener in plur., Cic. II. Transf.,
plur. elementa. A. the letters of the alphabet,
and the alphabet itself, Suet. B. the rudiments
or element*; a, in reading or writing, p'eros
elementa doccre, Hor. ; b, the elements of any
science or art ; loquendi, Cic ; c, the beginnings
of other things; prima Roinae, Ov.
elenchiis -i, m. (eAeYx°s)> a V ar l pendant
worn as an earring, Jut.
Elephantine -Ss, f. (EK^avTivn) and
Elophantis -tldis ('EAe^arTt's), an island in
the Kile in Upper Egypt, opposite Syene.
elephantus -i, c (in classical prose com-
moner than elephas in oblique cases), an tie-
phant; elephanto beluaruin nulla prudentior,
Cic. ; meton., ivory, Verg.
elephas (-ans) -phantis, m. (eAe'^o?). A.
Lit., the elephant, Liv. B. Meton., the disease,
elephantiasis, Lucr.
Eleus -a -um, v. Elis.
Eleusin -Inis, f. CEAeu<ru<), an ancient city
in Attica, famous for the worship of Ceres, and
for the mysteries there celebrated. Adj., ElOlV-
Sinus -a -um, Eleusina mater, Ceres, Verg.
EleutheriUS -a -um ('EAeufle'pios), making
free. Subst. I. m. the Liberator, a surname of
Jupiter. II. Eleutheria -ornm, n. (sc. sacra)
the festival of Jupiter Liberator, Plant.
elevo, 1. (ex and levo). I. Lit., to lift up,
raise, elevate; contabulationem, Caes. II.
Transf., to lessen; a, in a bad sense, t>> weaken,
impair, disparage ; adversaiium, Cic; res gestas,
Liv. ; b, in a good sense, to alleviate, lighten ;
suspiciones offensionesque, Cic.
elicio -Hctti -liertum, 3. (ex and LAC -io), to
allure, entice out. I. Gen.', A. Lit., 1, hostein
ex pnludibus silvisque, Caes. ; 2, to invoke the.
presence of a god or departed spirit; inferonmi
animas, Cic. B. to invite, allure, induce;
nliquem ad dispntandum, Cic. II. to bring
forth to the light of day. A. Lit., 1, gen., femilll
e terrae cavernis, Cic; 2, esp., to produce, cause;
lapidum ictu iguem, Cic B. Trnnsf., 1, to win.
from, gain; alias litteras ab aliquo, Cic; 2, to
search out, find mit ; causam aliening rei, Cic;
sententiam meam, Cic; 3, to awake; miseri-
cordiam, Liv.
Elicius -li, in. (elicio), n surname of Jupiter,
he from whom a heavenly sign is called forth,
Liv.
elido -lisi -lisum, 3. (ex and laedo), to strike,
thrust, drive out. I. Lit., aurigam e eiirru,
Cic. ; morbiim, to expel, Hor. II. to dash to
pieces, shatter; naves, Caes.; aliqncm, Cic.;
caput pecudis saxo, Liv. ; fig., nervos omnes
virtiitis, to break, Cic
eligo -lSgi -lectum, 3. (ex and lego). I. to
pick out, to choose, select; amicos, Cic; lit do'
tribus Anton iis eligas qnem velis, Cic; ex inn His
Isocratis libris triginta fortasse versus, Cic ;
lmnc urbl condendae locum, Liv. II. to root out ;
fig., superstitionis stirpes omnes eligere, Cic
climino, 1. (ex and limen), to carry over the
threshhold ; dicta foras, to blab, Hor.
elimo, 1. (ex and lima), to file off, smooths,
polish. A. Lit., graciles ex aero catenas retiaque
et laqueos, Ov. B. Transf., (o polish, elaborate,
perfect ; a-\6\toi' aliquod ad aliquem, Cic
elinguis -e (ex aud lingua), 1, speechless,
Cic; 2, without eloriuence, Cic; miitus atque.
elinguis, Liv.
Elis -idis, f. (*HAis), a territory of Western
Peloponnesus, in which the Olympic games were,
solemnized; hence adj., 1, Eleus -a -um and
EllUS -a -um, Elean, Olympic; amnis, the
Alpheus, Ov. ; 2, Eleis -idis, f. Elean; 3,
Elias -adis, f. Elean, Olympic; equa, a horse
running in the. Olympic games, Verg.
Elissa (Ellsa) -ae, f. (*EAicrcra), another name
of Dido,
eli
ISt
&m&
elix -icis, in. (elicio), a deep furrow, to with-
draw moisture from the roots of plants, Ov.
elixus -a -mil (ex and lix), boiled, Hor.
elleborus (helleborus) -i, m. (eAA<r£opos
ami fAAtSopos), and gen. elleborum (helle-
borum) -i, n. hellebore, a plant supposed to
be a remedy for madness ; expulit elleboro mor-
buni bilemque meraco, Hor.
eloco, 1. to let, let on hire; fundum, Cic.
elocutio -onis, f. (eloquor), oratorical de-
livery, elocution (= §p&o-is), Cic.
clogium -liiA. 1, a short maxim, apophthegm;
Solonis, Cic. ; 2, an inscription on a gravestone,
epitaph, Cic. ; 3, a clause in a mil, a codicil,
Cic.
eloquens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
snperl. (from eloquor), eloquent ; omnium elo-
quentissimi Ti. et C. Sempronii, Cic.
eloquentia -ae, f. (eloquens), the art of
speaking well, eloquence, Cic.
eloquium -ii, n. (eloquor), 1, expression of
thought, speech; tulit eloquium insolitum facundia
praeceps, Hor. ; 2, eloquence ; qui licet eloquio
tldum quoque Nestora vincat, Ov.
eloquor (ex-15quor), -locutus (-loquutus)
sum 3. dep., to speak out, say out, express; id
quod sentit, Cic. ; cogitata praeclare, Cic.
^Elorus (Helorus) -i, m. fEAwpot) and
Elorum (Helorum) -i, n. fEAwpov), river.
on the east coast of Sicily and a town of the same
name. Adj., 1, Elorius (Hel-) -a -urn, of or
belonging to Elorus ; 2, Elorini -arum, m. in-
habitants of the town.
Elpcnor -Sris, m. ('EArnji/wp) one of the com-
panions of Ulysses, changed by Circe into a hog.
eluceo -luxi, 2. (ex and luceo), to beam forth,
shine out, glitter. A. Lit, splendidissimo cand-
ore inter flammas elucens circulus, Cic. B.
Transf., quae (scintilla ingenii) jam turn elucebat
in puero, Cic.
elucto-^ 1. dep. I. Intransit., to struggle
out, b' .ji forth. A. Lit., aqua eluctabitur
omnia, Verg. B. Transf., velut eluctantia verba,
Tac. II. Transit., to struggle out of, surmount
a difficulty. A. Lit, quum tot ac tarn validae
manus eluctandae essent, Liv. ; nives, Tac. B.
Transf.,Jncornm difftcultatcs, Tac.
elucubro, 1. to compose by lamplight ; causae
diligenter elaboratae ,§t tanquam elucubratae,
Cic. Dep. form, elucubror, 1 ; epistolam, Cic.
eludo -liisi -lusum, 3. (ex and lndo). I. In-
transit., to dash forth, play (of the waves of the
sea) ; ipsum autem mare sic tenant appetens
litoribus eludit, Cic; litus qua fluctus eluderet,
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to parry a blow; absol.,
quasi ludibuseius eludit oratio, Cic; 2, to evade,
try to escape ; pugnam, Liv. ; 3, to mock, ridicule,
Cic. ; aliquem omnibus contmneliis, Liv.
elugeo -luxi, 2. I. Intransit., to mourn for
any one during the prescribed period, Liv. II.
Transit, to mourn for ; patriam, ap. Cic.
elumbis -e (ex and lumbus), weak in the
loins ; transf., of orators, weak, feeble, Tac.
eluo -ltti -latum, 3. to wash out, wash clean,
rinse, cleanse. A. Lit, corpus, Ov. ; sanguiiiem,
Cic. B. Transf., to wash away, efface, remove,
get rid of; macnlas furtorum, Cic; crimen, Ov.;
amicitias remissions usus, gradually loosen,
Cic.
elutus -a -Dm, p. adj. with compar. (from
eluo) washed out, watery, insipid; irriguo nihil
est elutius horto, Hor.
eluvies ei, f. (eluo). I. Middle, a washing
away, inundation, flood; maris, Tac; eluvie
mons est deductus in aequor, Ov.; fig., ilia labeS
atque eluvies civitatis, impurity, Cic II. Pass.,
1, filth; siccare eluviem, Juv. ; 2, a puddle, pond;
in proxiina eluvie pueros eaponunt, Liv.
eluvlo -Onis, f. (elUo), an inundation, Cic. ;
plur. aqUartim eluviones, Cic ; eluvionea et ex*
ustion.es terrarum, Cic.
Elymais -maldis, f. Q-E.kvy.aU), a Persian
district to the west of the present province of Iran,
Adj., Elymaeus -a -urn, Elymaean.
Elysium -II, n. ('HAuaw ne&iov), Elysium,
tlie abode of the blessed; hence adj., Elyslua
-a -urn, Elysian, campi, Verg. Subst, Elysii,
m. the Elysian fields, Mart
em, interj., Ita! indeed! Cic.
emancipo (emanciipo) 1. I. to release or
emancipate a son from the patria potestas, Liv.
II. A. to transfer a son to the power of another ;
filium alicui in adoptionem. B. Transf., to
make over, give up, transfer; emancipatam esse
alicui, Cic.
emano (ex and mano). A. Lit, to flow out,
Lucr. B. Transf., 1, to arise, spring, emanate
from ; alii quoque alio ex fonte praeceptores
dicendi emauaverunt, Cic; 2, to spread abroad;
a, mala quae a Lacedaeinoniis profecta eman-
arunt latins, Cic, ; b, of speech, ne per nos his
sermo turn emanet, Cic ; consilia tua emanare,
Liv.; foil, by ace and infin., Liv.
Emathia -ae, f. (HtxaBla), an old name for
Macedonia, Verg. ; a district of Macedonia, Liv. ;
poet, Thessaly, Verg.; hence adj., 1, Ema-
thius -a -uni, Emathian, Macedonian; dux,
Alexander, Ov. ; 2, Em a this -Idis, f. Mace-
donian; Einathides, tlie Muses, Ov.
ematuresoo -turui, 3. A. Lit., to become.
ripe, Plin. B. Transf., to become mild, be
softened ; ira, Ov.
emax -acis (emo), fond of buying, Cic.
emblema -Stis, n. (e^A^u), 1, inlaid or
mosaic work, ap. Cic; 2, raised or relief orna-
ments, Cic
embolium -li, n. (c^jSoAiof), a dramatic
interlude, Cic.
emendabilis -e (emendo), that may bi
amended ; error, Liv.
emendate, adv. (emendatus), correctly, fault''
lessly ; pure et emendate loqui, Cic.
eniendatio -Onis, f. (emendo), improvement,
emendation, amendment ; correctio philosophiae
veterifi et emendatio, Cic.
emendator -oris, m. (emendo), an amender,
corrector; quasi emendator sermonis usitati, .
Cic; emendator nostrao civitatis, Cic . •
emendatrix -icis, f. (emendator), she who
corrects or amends; vitiorum einendatricem legem
esse oportet, Cic. ; o praeclaram einendatricem
vitae poeticam, Cic.
emendatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superl. (from emendo), free from mistakes;
faultless, perfect ; a, intellectually, locutio, Cic ;
carmina, Hor. ; b, morally, mores, Cic.
emendo. 1. (ex and niendum), to free from
errors, emend, correct, improve ; a, intellectually,
alicuius niniales, Cic. ; b, morally, civitatcm,
Cic; conseius mihi sum corrigi me et emeiidari
castigatione posse, Liv. ; consuetudinem viti-
osain, Cic. ; res Itilias legibus, Hor.
ementior -ltus, 4. dep., to devise falsely,
counterfeit, falsify, pretend; auspicia, Cic;
falsa nanfragin, Liv.; with ace. and infin., eo
me beneticio obstrictnm esse ementior, Cic. ;
absol., to make false statements; in aliquem, Cic;
euie
192
enio
partic. pl'if. (i«ss.), auspicia emciitita, Cic. ;
neut, plur. subst., ementita et falsa, Cic.
emereo -ui -itum, 2. and emereor -Itus, 2.
dep. I. a, to deserve, foil, by iuiin., Ov. ; b, to
deserve, well of a person ; aliquem, Ov. II. to
serve; stipendia, Liv. ; partic, emeritus, a soldier
that has served his time, a veteran, Suet.; transf.,
oM, disused ; aratrum, Ov.; pass., annuae operae
elnerentur, Cic. ; tempus emeritum, ended, Cic.
emergo -merai, -mersuni (ex and mergo), 3.
I. Transit., to cause to rise, ur> ; emergere se or
emergi, to rise up, emerge. A. Lit., serpens se
emergit, Cic. ; eniersus e Quinine, Cic. B. Transf.,
to free oneself, to rise; emergere se ex malis,
Xep. II. in transit., to come form, comcup. emerge.
A. Lit., equus ex flumine emersit, Cic. B. Lit.,
1, to extricate oneself, get clear, emerge ; eniergore
ex judicio peculatus, Cic. ; ex paternis probrisac
vitiis, Cic ; 2, to come to light, appear ; emergit
rarsum dolor, Cic. ; ex quo magis enrergit, quale
sit decorum illlld, Cic.
emeritus -a -uru (partic. of emereo).
emetica -ae, f. (J/xeTimj), an emetic ; ap.
Cic.
cmctlov -mensus sum, 4. I. to measure out.
A. Lit., spatium oculis, Verg. B. Transf., a, to
pass over, traverse; una nocte aliquantum iter,
Liv. ; partic. perf. pass., toto emenso spatio,
Caes. ; d, to pass through a space of time; tres
principes, lire through the. reigns of, Tac. ; partic.
perf. pass., emensae in lucein noctes, Ov. II.
to measure out, bestow; ego autcni voluntatem
tibi profccto emetiar, Cic.
emeto (-messui) -messum, 3. to reap, moir;
plus fruinenti, Hor.
emiOO -micfii -lnicatum, 1. to spring ovt, leap
forth, appear quickly, dart forth. I. A. Lit., 1, of
lightning, flame, etc., fiamma emicat ex oculis,
Ov. ; 2, of water, blood, etc. ; scaturigines
ten lies emicant, Liv. B. Transf., a, to break
out ; alicui pavor emicat, Tac; b, to shine forth,
be. distinguished ; inter quae verba forte si
emicnit decorum, Hor. II. 1. of weapons,
missiles, etc., to whiz forth; telum excussuin
velnt. glans emicabat, Liv. ; 2, of persons, to
jump oiil ; in litus, Verg. III. to rush up; 1,
of filings, in superos ignes, Ov. ; 2, of persons,
to jump tip; solo, Verg.
emigro, 1. to remove, from a place, wander
f,rth, migrate, emigrate ; hue ex ilia domo prae-
toria emigrabat, Cic. ; don.o, Caes. ; transf., e
vita, to die, Cic.
cminens -cutis, p. adj. (from emineo). A.
Lit., prominent, projecting, loft)/; piomontoria,
Caes. ; oeuli, standing out, Cic; genae lenitercmi-
nentes, Cic B. Transf., illustrious, distinguished,
eminent; oratores, Tac. Subst., eminentes
-lam, in. remarkable persons, Tac.
cminentia -ae, f. (emineo), a, protuberance,
prominence ; nee habere nllam soliditatein nee
eminentiam, Cic. ; b, in painting, the lights of a
picture, Cic.
emineo -mlnui, 2. (ex and rnineo). I. Lit.,
1, to project, stand out; ex terra nihil eminet
quod, etc., Cic. ; eminentibns oculis, with pro-
jecting eyes, Cic ; .jngum directum eminens in
mare, Caes. ; 2, of the lights of a picture, to
stand nut; mngis id, quod erit illuminatuin,
exstareatqne eminere videatur, Cic II. Transf.,
1, to appear, become visible; toto ex ore crudelitas
eminebat, Cic; eminenteanimo patrio inter pub-
lieae poenae ministei'inin, Liv.; 2, t>> be conspicu-
ous, remarkable, eminent; Demosthenes nnus
eminet inter omnes in onini t;enere dicendi, Cic. ;
tantum eminebat peregrina virtus, Liv.
eminiis, edv. (e and maiius, opp. comminus),
1, milit. t. t.. at a distance, from a distance;
eminiiH bast is ftut comminus glndlis titi, OJc.J
eminiis pugnare, Caes. ; 2, at a distance, from
afar, OY.
emiror, 1. dep., to wonder at exceedingly, be
astonished at ; aequora, Hor.
emissarfum -ii, n. (emitto), an outlet for
water, Cic. *
emissarlua -Ti, m. (emitto), a, 2>erson sent
out to gain intelligence, an emissary, a spy, Cic
emisslo -dnis, f. (emitto), a sending forth ;
1, of missiles, balistae lapidum et reliqua tor-
menta eo graviores emissiones habent, quo sunt
contenta atque adducta vehement! us; 2, letting
loose ; anguis, serpeutis, Cic.
omissus -us, m. (emitto), sending forth,
Luer.
emitto -misi -missum, 3. (ex and mitto). I.
to send forth, send out. A. Gen., equitatus pa-
bulandi causa emissus, Caes. B. Esp., 1, milit.
t.t., to send out against an enemy; cohortes ex
statione et praesidio, Caes. ; equities in hostem,
Liv. ; 2, a, to drive away; aliquem ex domo,
Cic; b, to hurl forth ; hastam in fines eoniin,
Liv. ; 3, to soul forth from oneself; si nnbium
conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse
fulmen, Cic. ; varios sonitus linguae, Lncr. ;
4, of fluids, to let. forth. ; aquam ex lacu Albano,
Liv. ; lacum, to draw off, Cic ; 5, of a book, to
publish ; si quando aliqukl dignuin nostro nomine
emisimus, Cic II. to let go, let loose. A. Gen.,
1, lit., aliquem noctu per vallum, Caes. ; manu
anna, Caes. ; 2, transf,, aliquem de manibus,
ti let slip, Cic. ; emissa <le manibus res est, Liv.
B. Esp., 1, in the circus, to start, send away ;
quibnseum tanqnam e carccribus emissus sis,
Cic. ; 2, a, to let out of prison ; aliquem e or de
carcere, Cic. ; b, to let go; angueni, Cic; ali-
quem ex obsidione, Liv.; aliquem sub jugum,
to send under the yoke, Liv. ; legal t. t., of slaves,
aliquem manu, to free, Liv. ; of a debtor, libra
et aere liberatum emittit, Liv.
emo, eini, emptum, 3. to buy, purchase. A.
Lit., doniuni de aliquo, Cic; aeucs ab aliquo,
Cic; with abl. or genit. (with adjectives and
pronouns), of price, emere grandi pectin ia, Cic;
inagno, dear, Cic ; parvo, ch/ap, Cic. ; emere
domnm propedimidio carius qnam aestimnbal nr,
Cic; beiie, cheap, Cic; male, dear, Cic; miii-
oris, cheaper, Cic. ; plnris, dearer", Cic. ; bona de
aliqua duobns millibus liumuiuiu', Cic Subst.,
emptum -i, n. the contract of sale; ex empto,
Cic. B. Transf., to bribe, buy; judices, Cic. ;
em}>tum judicium, Cic ; emptadolore voluptns,
Hor.
emoderor, 1. dep., to moderate; dolorem
verbis, Ov.
emodiilor, 1. dep., to sing, praise in verse ;
Musnm per undenos pedes, Ov.
emoTImentum = emolumentum (q.v.).
emollio -ivi -itum, 4. (ex and mnllio), to
soften. A Lit., fundus et amenta, Liv.. B.
Transf., a, in a good sense, to make mild-, soften ;
mores, Ov. ; b, in a had sense, to make effemin-
ate; exercitum, Liv.
emolumentum -i, n. (emolior, to work out),
1, effort, labour, exertion, Caes. ; 2, the result of
effort, gain, advantage. ; emolumento esse, Cic;
emolunienta rernm, Liv.
emonco, 2. to warn, admonish; aliquem nt,
etc., Cic.
emorior -mortiins sum -mdri, dep., to die.
A. Lit. Of persons, pro aliquo, Cic. ; non mis-
erabiliter, Cic; per virtutem, bravely, Sail.
B. Transf., to perish; laus emori non potest,
Cic.
emovco -movi -motum, 1. I. to move out
Emp
199
eno
move away, remove. A. Lit., multitudinem e
foro, Liv. : aliquos senatu, Liv. B. Transf. ,
euros dictis, Verg. II. to shalce, sliatter; nruros
fuiulanieutaque, Verg.
EmpSddcles -is, m. (EixitcSokK^), a poet
and philosoplier of Agrigentum ; hence adj.,
EmpSd&cleus -a -um, Empedoclean ; sanguis
(ace. to the doctrines of Empedocles), the soul,
Cic. Subst., Empedoclea -orum, u. Vie doc-
trines of Empedocles, Cic.
etnpiriOUS -i, m. (inircipiicos), an unscientific
physician, empiric, Cic.
Emporiae -arum, f. ('E/xn-opi'ai), town in
Hispania Tarraconensis, colony of the I'hocaeans,
now Ampurias.
emporium -ii, n. (<!p.;rdpioi<), a place of trade,
mart, emporium; celebre et frequens emporium,
Liv.
emptlo -onis, f. (emo). A. a buying, pur-
chasing ; istii falsa et sinmlata emptio, Cic.
B. Meton., a purchase; prorsus existis emptioh-
ibus nullani desidero, Cic.
emptito, 1. (freq. of emo), to buy up, to buy,
ap. Tac.
emptor -oris, m. (emo), a buyer, purchaser;
emptor fundi, Cic. ; emptores bonorum, Cic. ;
transf.,. dedecorum pretiosus emptor, Hor.
emulgeo -mulsum, 2. to milk out ; poet.,
transf., to drain out, to exhaust ; paludein, Cat.
emuiigo -munxi -mitnctum, 3. (e and
*mungo). A. Lit, to blow the nose, Juv. B.
Transf., a, homo emunctae naris, with a keen
scent for other persons' faults, Hor. ; b, to cheat,
defraud, swindle; aliquem, Hor.
emunio -miinivi or -lnunli -infinitum, 4. 1,
to fortify, strengthen, make safe; locum, lnuruin,
Liv. ; 2, to make ready, prepare, make accessible;
»ilvas ac paludes, Tac.
en, interj., 1, demonstr. with nom. or ace,
io ! behold .' see I en ego vester Ascanius, Verg. ;
en qtiatuor aras, Verg. ; en causa, Cic. ; absol.,
en, cui tu lfberos committas, Cic. ; with aspice,
en aspice, Ov.; 2, interrog., en, quid ago? Verg.;
with unquara, en unquam futuruin, etc., Liv.
enarrabilis -e (enarro), that can be nar-
rated or told, Verg.
enarro, V to tell, narrate ; enarrare alicui
somnium, Cic.
enascor -uatus sum, 3. dep., to grow out of,
spring forth, arise from ; lauream in puppi navis
longae enatam, Liv.
enato, 1. to swim from, escape by swimming.
A. Lit., si fractis enatat exspes navibus, Hor.
B. Transf., to extricate oneself from a diffiadty ;
reliqui habere se videntur angustius ; enatant
taiuen, Cic.
enavatus -a -um, performed, finished, Tac.
enavigo, 1. I. Intransit., to sail away;
fig., e quibus tanquam e scrupulosis cotibus
enavigavit oratio, Cic. IL Transit., to sail
over, sail through ; undam, Hor.
Enceladus -i, m. (' Ey KehaSos), one of the
giants, slaiii. by the lightning of Jupiter, and
buried beneath Aetna.
endo, archaic = in.
endromis -Wis, f. (IvSponis), a coarse woollen
cloak worn after exercise in the palaestra, Juv.
Endymlon -Onis, m. (EvSvm.<iv), son of
Aetldius or of Zeus aiid Calyce, father of Aetohus,
beloved by Sdene aiul taken to Mount lAttmos in
Curia, and there lulled to perpetual sleep; appell.,
a beautiful youth, Juv.
eneco -necfti -ncctuin, 1. to torment, torture;
siti eucctus Tantalus, Cic; fame, frigore, illuvie,
squalore euecti, Liv. ; provhiciam cneetani
traders, exhausted, Cic.
enervatus -a -um, p. adj. (enervo), enerv-
ated, powerless, effeminate; a, of persons, Cic;
b, of things, mollis et enervata oratio, Cic. ;
enervata muliebrisque sententia, Cic.
enervls -e (ex and nervus), nerveless, power'
less, weak ; orator, Tac.
enervo, 1. (enervls), to render weak, power'
less, effeminate, to enervate ; of age, aliquem, Cic. ;
of sleep, wine, etc., Liv.; belllim, Cic; ut enerv-
etur oratio corapositione verboriun, Cic.
Engydn ^i, n. Ctyyvov), a town ** Sicily;
hence, Engulnus -a -um, of or belonging to
Engyoru
enlco = eneco (q. v.).
Snim, conj. (from e and nam), for; 1, to
explain a previous statement or word, de cor-
pusculorum (ita enim appellat atomos) con- '
cursione fortuita, Cic. ; often where a sentence
is to be understood, turn Socrates, non enim
paruisti mini revocanti, that is not to be wondered
at for, etc., Cic. ; 2, to strengthen a previous
statement, truly, certainly ; in his est enim
aliqua securitas, Cic; with other conj., at enim,
sed enim, but then, Cic. (enim generally the
second or third word in its clause).
enimvero, 1, to be sure, certainly, Cic; 2,'
but indeed ; stronger than at (to introduce an
objection), Cic.
Empeus -pei and -pgos, m. (Eviirevs), 1, a
river in Thessaliotis, flowing into the Apidanus ;
2, a river in Pieria, Liv.
enisus, v. enixus and enitor.
enlteo -ui, 2. to shine out, shine forth, to
glitter. A, Lit., enitet-ianipus,Verg. B. Transf;, " " '
to be conspicuous; quo in bello virtus enituit >
egregia M. Catonis, Cic.
emtesco -tui, 3. (inchoat. of eniteo), to gleam,
shine forth. A. Lit., enitescit pulchrior multo,
Hor. B. Transf., bellum novum exoptahat,
ubi virtus enitescere posset, Sail.
enitor -nlsus or -nixus, 3. dep. I. Intransit.,
A. to work one's way up, to struggle up, ascend ;
per adversos fluctus ingenti labore remiguin,
Liv. ; in altiora, Tac B. to strive, struggle,
make an effort ; with ut and the subj., Cic. ; eniti
et contendere, eniti et efficere ut, etc, Cic ;
with ne and the subj., Sail. ; pugnare et eniti
ne, Cic; with neut. ace, quod quidem'certe
enitar, Cic. ; quid eniti et quid emcere pos'sim,
Cic; with intin., Sail.; absol., in aliqua -- re '
Cic ; ad dicendum, Cic II. Transit., 1,' i
bring forth, bear ; partus plures, Liv. ; 2,
climb ; aggerem, Tac
enixe, adv. with compar. and superl.(enixu.
eagerly, strenuously, zealously; enixe alique
juvare, Caes. ; enixe operam dare ut, etc, Liv.
enixe obstare, Liv.
enixus (enisus) -a -um, p. adj. (enitor),
strenuous, eager, zealous; enixo studio, Lfv.'
Enna = Henna (q.v.X
gmtf na -Ii, m. tliemost celebrated of the ante-
Augustan poets, born at Rudiae ift Calabria, B.C. '
289, died 169, the creator of Roman epic poetry.- .
Eunoslgaeus -i, in. ('Evvoviyaios^.the
Earthshaker, surname of Neptune, Juv.
eno, 1. A. Lit., to swim out; 1, e conclia,
Cic. ; 2, to escape by swimming ; in terrain, Liv.
B. Transf., to fly away; insuetum per iter
gelidas enavit ad Arctos, Verg.
enodate, adv. (enodatus), clearly, plainly;
narrare, Cic.
enodatio -onis, f. (enodo, an untying), ex-
planation^ exposition, ; cognitio enodationis in*
eno
191
epl
digflnS, Cic ', eSplicatio fabularum et enodatio
nominum, Oic
enodatUs -a -um, p. adj. (from enodo), fired
from knots, untied, hence, made clear, explained;
praecepta enodnta diligenter, Cic.
enodis -e (ex and nodus), without knots;
ti uncus, Verg. ; abies, Ov.
enodo, 1. to take out the knots; tiansf., to
make clear, explain, expound; nomina, Cic.
enormia -e (ex and norma), 1, irregular,
unusual; vici, Tac. ; 2, very large, immense,
eiiorwoits; liasta, gladius, Tac.
enotesco -iifltui, 3. to lecome known, be made
■public ; quod ubi enotuit, Tac.
ensil'er -f&ra -ferum (ensis and fero), sword-
bearing ; Orion, Ov.
ensis -Is, m. a sword, Liv., Verg.
Entella -ae, f. ("Er-reAAa), a town 'in the
interior of Sicily, now Entella. Adj., Entel-
linus -a -um, of or belonging to Entella.
enthymema -itis, n. (ivO^iagutJi a syllogism
in which one of the three terms is unexpressed, Cic.
enubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to marry out of
one's rank; e patribus, Liv. ; from one town to
anotlitr, Liv.
enucleate, ad v. (ewacltsduH),clearly, plainly,
concisely (opp. ornate), Cic.
enucleatus -a -um, p. adj. (from enucleo),
of discourse, clear, plain, unadorned; genus
dicendi, Cic.
enucleo, 1. (ex and nucleus), to take out the.
kernel; tiansf., acu quaedam enucleate argu-
menta, Cic. ; eblandita ilia, non enucleata esse
HUlfragia, given from conviction, free from corrupt
motives, Cic ; haec nunc enuoleare non ita ne-
cesse est, exjilain in detail, Cic.
enumeratio -onis, f. (enumero), 1, a count-
ing up, enumeration ; singnlorum argmnont-
oiuin, Cic; 2, in rhetoric, recapitulation, Cic.
enumero, 1. 1, to reckon, count up, enu-
memte; pretium, to compute, pay, Cic; 2, to
co>mt up, enumerate, in discourse, recapitulate;
ninltitudinein benellcioruin, Cic.
enuntiatio -onis, f. (enuntio), enunciation,
proposition, Cic.
enuntlatum -i, n. (ennntio), a proposition,
Cic.
enuntio, 1. 1, to tell, divulge, disclose; con-
sllia adversariis, Cic; enuntiare mysteria, Cic;
"■ilenda, Liv. ; rem Helvctiis per indicium, Caes. ;
til rel. 9ent., plane quid sentiam enuntiabo
nl homines familiarissimos, Cic. ; 2, to de-
., announce, express in words; a, illiquid
jis, Cic. ; b, logic, t.t., to stat* a proposition,
•redicate, Cic.
ennptlo -Snis, f. (ennbo), marriage out of
ne's own condition; gentis, out of one'3 gens,
Liv.
enutrlo -ivi -ittlin, 4. to nourish, rear, bring
up ; puernm Ideis sub antris, Ov.
1. eo, ivi and li, Hum, 4. (connected with
Gr. «Vi). L to go. A. Of living beings, 1, gen.,
domum, Plant. ; ad foruin, Plant. ; subsidio
suis, Cacs. ; novas vias, to make a journey in
unknown lands, Prop. ; pedibus, to go by land,
Liv.; maxiinisitineribus, to make forced marches,
Liv. ; eubitum, to go to bed, Cic ; equis, to ride,
Liv. ; mippibus, to make a voyage, Ov. ; 2, esp.,
a, ad anna, ap. Cic, and ad saga, Cic, to fly to
arms, preparr. for war ; b, in sententiam (with
or without pedibus), to support a motion in the
senate, Cic. ; in alia omnia, to oppose a motion,
vote in. the negative, Cic; c, ire in aliquem, to
attack, Liv,; d, in poenas, to punish. Ov.; lr
scclus, to commit a fault, Ov. ; ire in duphliil,
to give a double penalty, Cic. ; ierat in causam
praeceps, Liv. ; e, ire per aliquid, to go over ;
ire per laudes tuorum, Ov. B. of tilings, a,
clamor it ad aethera, Verg. ; pugna it ad pedes,
they fight afoot, Liv. ;.b>. to move; nee pes ire
potest, Ov. ; c, of missiles, to go, pierce; iit
liasta, Verg.; d, of liquids, tofiow; it naribus
ater sanguis, Verg. II. 1, to pass away ; emit
anni, Ov. ; sic eat quaecumque Romans lngebit
hostem, Liv.; 2, to go, to happen; incipit res
melius ire, Cic; 3, to last ; si non tanta quies
iret, Verg.; 4, ire in aliquid, to be. changed to;
sanguis it in sucos, Ov. (perf. it, Verg. Atn. 9,
418; Ov. Met 8, 349).
2. e6, adv. I. Old dat. of is, &,, thither, to
that place ; pervenire, Cic ; b, so fur, to such
a pitch; eo rem adducain ut, etc., Cic; with
genit., eo consuetuclinis adducta res est, Liv. ;
eo usque, to that point, Cic II. Abl., a, on
that account; eo quod, Cic; eo quia, Cic; eo
ut, etc, Cic; non eo, dico, quo, Cic; b, with
comparatives, eo magis, the more, Cic; c, mi 'hat
jplace; eo loci, at that very place, Cic
eodem, adv. I. Old dat. of idem, to the same
place, just so far ; eodem mittere, Caes. ; transf.,
eodem pertinere, Cic. II. Abl., res est eodem
loci ubi -reliquisti, inthesnme condition, Cic.
eopse = eo ipso.
Eos (17W?) and Eos (*Eu£) (occurs only in
noin.), f. the red of tlie morning, dawn; hence
adj., Eons and EOUS -a -um, belonging to the
morning or belonging to the East, eastern. Subsf.,
EOUS -i, m. a, the morning star, and meton.,
the East cj a dweller in the. East, Ov. ; b, one of
the liorses of the sun, Ov.
Epaminondas -ae, m.' ('E7raMet>wSa?), «
celebrated generaloflhe Tliebans, killed in the hour
of victory at Mantinea.
epastus -a -um (paacor), eaten up; esoae,
Ov.
Epeos and -eus (Eplus) -i, m. ('En-tids),
son of Panopeus, builder oj the Trojan horse.
ephebUS -i, HI. (e<p>]0o5), a youth from his
sixteenth to his twentieth year (generally of
Greeks), Cic
ephemSris -idis, f. (e.pij/jepi's), a journal,
diary, Cic.
Ephesus -i, 111. ("Eipeiro?), one of the twelve
Ionic towns in Asia Minor, famous for its
temple of Diana and school of rhetoric. Hence,
Ephesius -a-um, Ephesian.
. Viippiatus -a-um (ephipplum), provided;
'' an ephippium.
epbippium -i, n. (t</>i7nrioi'), a horse-cloth,
liousiiif, saddle, Cic. ; prov., optat ephippia bos
piger, optat arare Cftbellus, 110 one it content with
his condition, Hor.
1. Sphot'US -i, m. (e<f>opoi), the ephor, a
Spartan magistrate, Cic.
2. Ephdrus -i, m. (*K</iopo?), a Greek historian
of Cyme in Asia Minor, flourishing about 340 B.C.
Ephyra -ae, and Ephyre ■&»,,(' E<$>vpa), f.
I, a sea-nymph, Verg. II. the ancient name of
Corinth; hence, Ephyrelus -a -um, Corinthian,
Verg.
Epicharmus -i, m, (T.mx*i>n°<;), a philoso-
pher and poet of Cos, ami afterwards of Syracuse,
disciple of Pythagoras.
Eplcleros -i, f. ('Erri'KA.i?poO, "the Heiress,"
■name, of a comedy of Menander.
epicopus -a -um (<';u'/<w7ros), provided with
oars; phaseltM, Cici "*"
Epi
ld5
6C1U
Epicurus % 111. ('En-iKoupus), an Athenian
philosopher, founder of the Epicurean school, vhich
held tliat pleasure was the highest good. Hence
adj., Epicureus (-ius) -a -um, Epicurean.
Stibst., Epicurei -Omm, in. the disciples of
Epicurus, Cic.
eplcus -a -um (en-ucd?), epic; poeta, Cic;
poema, Cic.
Epidaphna -ae, f., ami Epldaphnes, a
plate near Antioch in Syria.
Epidauros -i, f. CT.-niSavpo<:), 1, a town in
Dalmatia; 2, a town in Laconia ; 3, a town in
Argolis, where Aesculapius was worshipped in the
fo)-m of a serpent. Adj. Epidaurius -a -um,
Epidmirian. Subst., Epidaurius -Ii, in. Aes-
culapius, Ov.
\/
Epigoni -orum, m.('Erriydrot), the after-born,
sons of the Seren against Thebes, ijio renewed the
war of their fathers ; name of a tragedy of Aes-
chylus and of one ofAccius.
epigramma -atis, n. (emypani±a.), 1, an in-
scription on the base of a statue, Cic. ; 2, an epi-
gram, Cic.
epildgus -i, m. (tn-iAoyos), re conclusion,
peroration, epilogue, Cic.
Epimenides -is, m. ('En-i^ia'S)]?), a Cretan,
a poet contemporary with Solon.
Epimetheus -Si and -eos, m. ('ETrijurjflees),
father of Pyrrha, son of Tapetus rend brother of
Prometheus. Hence Epimethis -tliidis, f.
('KTrijuijfli.'t), daughter of Epimetheus — i.e., Pyrrha,
Ov.
cpircdium -ii, n. (em.' and reda or raeda),
the strap by which a horse was fastened to a
vehicle, trace, Juv.
Epil'US -i. f. ("Hireipos), a country of Greece,
letuvni Macedonia, Thessaly, and the Ionian Sea,
part of the present Albania. _ Ilence, 1, Epir-
ensis -c, of Epirus; 2, Epirotes -ae, m.
('HTretpwTTjs), an Spirote; 3, EpirotlCUS -a
-um, of Epirus.
epistdla -ae, f. (tn-ia-ToAri), awrtten communi-
cati'in, letter, epistle ; epistola ab aliquo, Cic. ;
a<l aliquem, Cic. ; epistolam dare, fa send off or
to deliver, Cic ; epistdla Graecis litteris con-
scripta, C'aes. ; epistolam inscribere alicui,. Cic.
epistolium -ii, n. (ejuo-i-dAioi/), a little letter,
note, Cat.
epitaphius -!i, m. (en-ira^uo?), a funeral
oration, Cic.
epitoma -ae, and epitome -es, f. (en-iro^),
an abridgment, epitome, Cic.
epodes -um, m. a kind of salt-water fish, Ov.
Epona -ae, f. (epus = equtis), the protecting
goddess of horses, asses, etc., Juv.
epops -opis, in. (eVoi/(), the hoopoe, Verg.
Epdredia -ae, f. a Roman colony in Gallia
Transpadana, now Yvrea.
epos, indecL n. (en-o?), ait epic poem-, epos,
Hor. _
epoto -potavi -potus and -potatrtrus 1. (ex
and poto), a. to drink up. drink out (in class.
Lat. only in partic. pcrf.) ; poculo epoto, Cic. ;
epoto medicamento, Liv. ; b, poet., to suck up,
swallow up; teneno Lycna est cpotus hiatu, Ov.
epulae -arum, f. food, dislies. I. Gen.,
inensae conquisitisshnis epulis exstruebmitur,
Cic. II. Esp., banquet, feast; quotidianae
epulae, Cic. ; ftmestas epulas fratri compararc,
Cic. ; ad epulas regis assistere, Cic. ; alicui
epulas dare, Tac. ; fig. (pars aiiimi) saturata
boiiarum cogitatiomim epulis, Cic
epularls -e (epulae), relating or belonging
to a banquet; accubitio amicorum, Cic; sacri-
iiciuni, Cic. •• '
epulatlo -Onis, f. (epulor), re feasting, revel-'
ling, Cic.
epulo -onis, m. (epulum), 1, a reveller,
f easier, Cic ; 2, Tresviri (and subsequently)
Septemviri epulones, a college of priests who had
charge of the sacrificial feasts, Cic. ; so simply
epulones, Cic.
epulor, 1. dep. (epulae), to feast, eat. .1,
Intransit., una, together, Cic. ; cum aliquo, Cic. ;
modice, Cic ; Saliarem in modurn, splendidlu
Cic. ; with abl., dapibus opimis, Vorg. II.
Transit., aliquem epulaudum ponere mensis, to
place on the table to be eaten, Verg.
epulum -i, n. a solemn or public banquet,
feast, entertainment; epuli dominus, Cic.;'
epulum populi Romani, Cic. ; alicui epulum !
dare nomine alicuius, Cic
equa -ae, f. a mare, Cic. (dat. and abl. plur.
generally equabus).
eques -itis, c (equus). I. Gen., a horseman,
rider; ilium equitein sex dierum spatio trans-
currisse longitudincm Italiae, Liv. II. Esp., '
A. a horse-eoldier, Caes. (opp. pedes), and used
collectively, cavalry, Liv. B. equites, the
knights, a distinct order in the Roman common-
wealth, between tlie senate and the plebs, Cic.
equester -stris -stre (equus). 1. 1, relating ta~-
horsemen and horsemanship, equestrian ; statuae,
Cic; -Si relating to horse soldiers and cavalry;
proeliirni, Caes.; pugna, Cic. II. relating to the'
knights; ordo, Cic; locus, Cic. ; census, Cic 1
Subst., equ'iSter -stris, m. a knight, Tac.
eqrldem (strengthened form of quidem by
addition of demonstrative prefix e-, cf. enim an<l
nam), a demonstrative particle, generally used '
with the first person, 1, indeed, truly ; nihil,'
inquit, equidem novi, Cic. ; equidem ego, Cic. ;
certe equidem, Verg. ; 2, in a concessive sense, >
of course, certainly ; with sed, veruin, sed tainet;,
Cic
equinus -a -um (equus), relating to horses,
equine; seta, Cic; nervus, Verg. " .
equiria -um or -orum, n. (equus), horse-
races in honour of Mars, which took placeat Rome, .
in the Campus Martins, every 2~th of February
and Hth of March, Ov.
equitacus -us, in. (equito), 1, cavalry (opp. *
peditatus), Cic. ; 2, the equestrian order, Cic
equito, 1. (eques). A. Lit., to ride on horse-
back; in equuleis, Cic B. Transf., of winds, to
rush; Emus per Siculas equitavit uudaa, Hor.
equuleus -i, m. (dim. of equus). A. a young
horse, colt, Cic. B. a wooden rack in the shape
of a horse, Cic
equulus -i, m. (dim. of equus), a colt, Cic. •
equus -i, in. (in-iro?), a horse. I. A. Lit.,
equorum domitores, Cic. ; equns bellator, re war-
horse, Verg. ; equus pnblieus, given by the state,
Liv.; equum conscendere, Liv.; in equunr
ascendere (opp. ex equo descendere), Cic; in-
equum insilire, Liv. ; sedere in equo, Cic ; vein
in equo, Cic. ; equis insignibus et aurato cuxru
reportari, to ride in triumph. Cic. ; nierere equo,.
to serve in the cavalry, Caes.; ad equum .re-i
scribere, to make some one a knight, Caes. ; equus
Trojnuus, the Trojan horse, Verg. ; . ilg., of a,
secret conspiracy, Cic B. Meton., plnr., cciui;
1, a. chariot, Verg.; 2, cavalry'.; equi viflquej ,
Liv. ; so prow, equis viiis or viris equisquc;'
with all one's might, Cic. II. Transf., of things^
like a horse. A. equus bipes, thesea-horse, Verg.',
B. the constellation Pegasus. Cic poet. (genlU^
I pl'ir., equum, Verg.) "' "-'-
Equ
190
Gl'O
■ E^UUS l"uticus -i, m. a small toivn in the
country of the Hirpini in Lower Italy.
erddo -rasi -risuin, 3. to scratch out, to strike
off. A. Lit., aliquem albo senatorio, from the
senatorial list, Tac. B. Transf., to destroy, eradic-
ate; eleinenta cupidinis pravi, Hor.
Er&na -ae, f. ('Epava), capital of the Elcu-
theroeilices on Mount Amanus.
Er&slnus -i, m. ("Epaalvoi), river in Argolis,
now Kephalai i.
Er&to -us, t". ('EpoTu'), the muse of amorous
poetry, Ov. ; appell., muse, Verg.
Eratosthenes -is, m. ('F.poTotree'njs), a
Greek philosopher and poet.
ercisco, erctum = hereisco, herctum (q.v.).
Erebus -i, in. ('Ep^ot). 1, a god of the lower
world, son of Chaos and brother of Nox, Cic. ; 2,
the lower world . Verg. Adj., Erebeus -a -um,
belonging to the lower world.
EreohthOUS -ei, m. CEpex**"*), a mythical
king of Athens, father of Orithyia and Procris;
hence, 1, adj., Erechtheus -a -urn, m. Athen-
ian, Ov. ; 2, Erectbidae •arum, m. theAthen-
ians,Ov.; 3, Erechthis -Wis, f. Orithyia, Ov.;
Procris, Ov.
erectus -a -uin, p. adj. with compar. (from
erigo), set up. I. Lit., upright, erect; status, Cic.
II. Transf., A. Gen., high, elevated; a, in a good
sense, celsns et erectus, Cic; b, in a bad seiise,
proud; erectus et celsus, Cic. B. Esp., a,
anxious, intent, with minds on the stretch ; judices,
Cic. ; quum civites in foro exspectatione erecta
staret, on the tiptoe of expectation, Li v. ; b, reso-
lute, lively, cheerful; alacti aniuio et erecto, Cic.
erepo -repsi -reptum, 1, to creep through;
agrum, Juv. ; 2, to climb; niontes quos nuu-
quam ercpsemu9 (= erepsissemus), Hor.
ereptlo -6nis, f. (eripio), a taking by force,
seizure, Cic.
ereptor -Oris, m. (eripio), one who takes away
by force, a robber ; bonoruin, Cic. ; llbertatls, Cic.
ErStrla -ae, f. CEperpi'a). I. a town near
Pharsalvs in Phthiotis. II. a toivn in the island
of Euboea, notire town of the philosopher Afene-
demus, founder of the Eretrian school of philo-
sophy. Adj., a, Erc-tricus -a -uiu ; subst.,
Erltrlci -orum, in. the philosophers of the
Eretrian school, Cic; so Erotrl&ci -orum, m.
Cic; b, Eretrfensis -e, Eretrian]
EretV.m -i, n. ('HpTjroi'), an old Sabine town
on the Tiber, now Cretona. Adj., EretLaus
-a -um, Eretine.
erga, prep, with ace. (root ERG, whence
tlpyw), towards; l,inrclationto; ea prima Tiberio
t*ga peeuniam alienam diligentia fuit, Tac. ; 2,
in relation to, towards (of one's feelings or atti-
tude towards a person or thing) ; a, in a good
cense, erga nos amice et benevolo collegisti,
Cic; amor erga te suus, Cic; benevolentia erga
aliquem, Cic ; b, in a bad sense, odium erga
iliquem, Nep.; invidia erga aliquem, Tac
ergastuium -i, n. a house of correction for
slaves ; ille ex eompedibus atque ergastulo, Cic;
eltquem in ergastulnm dare or ducere, Liv. ;
apud aliquem in ergastulo esse, Cic ; ergastula
aolvere, Caes.
ergo, adv. (fpyo). I. With a genit. pre-
ceding It, on account of; victoriae, non valefud-
hiis ergo, Liv. II. Absol., consequently, there-
fore, accordingly, then. A. Gen., Cic; itaque
<rgo, Liv. B. Esp., a, of logical consequences,
therefore; ergo etiara, Cic; b, with questions,
then; quid ergo? why then? Cic; c, frith im-
peratives, then, now, Cic. ; d, to resume some-
thing that had been dropped, well then, as I wat
saying, Cic. (sometimes ergo in meaning
No IL).
Erichrho -us, f. Cv.pi\8w), « Thessalian
witch consulted by Pompey ; transf., a witch, Ov.
Erichthonius -ii, m. ('Epixfldno*), 1, a
mythical king of Athens, the first to yoke four
horses in a chariot; adj., Eriohthonius -a -am,
Athenian; 2, a mythical king of Troy, son of
Dardanus, father of Tros ; hence, Erichthdrii-
US -a -um, Trojan.
ericius -ii, m. (a hedgehog) ; milit. t. t., a
beam thickly studded with iron spikes, chevaux-de-
frise, Caes.
Eridanus -i, in. (HpiSavos), 1, myth, and
poet, name of the river Padus ; 2, a constellation,
Cic. poet.
erigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (ex and rego), to set
up, place upright, lift up, erect. I. Lit., A.
Gen., sea las ad inoenia, Liv. ; malum, a mast,
Cic; oculos, to raise, Cic; aures, to prick up the
ears, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to raise in height ; a, of
places, to make higher; donee erecta in arcein
via est, Liv.; so middle, to rise ; insula Sicanium
juxta latus erigitur, Verg.; b, to raise, erect a
building, etc.; turreni, Caes.; 2, milit. t. t., to
march a body of soldiers up a height; agmen in
ndversum clivum, Liv. ; aciem in colleni, Liv.
II. Transf., A. Gen., to arouse, excite; aniinum
ad audiendum, Cic. ; auditor erigatur, he atten-
tive, Cic. B. Esp., to raise up, encourage, cheer ;
aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem ad spem belli, Tac. ;
aniinum, Cic. ; se erigere, to encourage oneself,
be encouraged ; erigere se in spem legis, Liv. ; so
pass., erigimur, Hor.
Erigdne -es, f. ('Hpiydn)), the daughter oj
Icarus, transformed into the constellation Virgo ;
hence adj., Erlgonclus -a -um, belonging to
Erigone; c.ais, the dog of Icarus, Maera, changed
into the constellation Canicula.
ErigOUUS -i, m. CEpiyuv), a tributary of the
Axius 'in- Macedonia, now Tzerno.
Erillus (H erillus) -i,jn. ("HpiAAot), a Stoic
philosopher of Carthage. Erillli -orum, m. the
disciples of Erillus.
Erinuys (Erinys)-yos, f. ('Epu'i-u'?). I. one
of the Furies ; plur., Erinnyes, the Furies. II.
Transf., A. scourge, curse; patriae communis
Erinys, Verg. B. fury, madness; quo trislis
Erinys, quo fremitus vocat, Verg.
Eriphyla -ae, f. ami Eriphyle -es, f.
('Ept<pi'A7)), daxighter of Talans and I.ysimache,
wife of Amphiaraus, whom she betrayed to Poly-
nices for a golden necklace, for which she teas
slain hy her son Alcmaeon.
eripio -ripfli -reptum, 3. (ex and rapio), to
snatch away, tear out, pluck out. take away;
constr. with ex, ab, de with i he abl. or the abl.
alone, or with the dat.( of the person). I. Gen.,
ensem vagina, Verg. ; aliquem ex equo, Liv. IL
Esp., A. In a bad sense, to tear au-ay, snatch
away by violence; aliquem ex manibns pnpuli
Romani, Cic; hereditatemabaliquo, Cic; aurum
Gallis, Liv. ; Scipioqnamquam estsubitoereptus,
snatched away ?»/ death, Cic. ; alicui vitam, Sail. ;
omnem usum navium, Caes. B. In a good
sense, to free, tear away ; aliquem e manibns
hostium, to rescue, Caes. ; filiuiu a morte, Cic ;
se ab ilia miscria, Cic. ; aliquem ex servitute,
Sail. ; alicui tiinorem.Cic ; eripete morae, away
with delay, Hor. ; eripe fugam, snatch the oppor-
tunity of flight, Verg.
erddo -iosi -rdsnm, 3. (ex and mdo), to q aw
away, gnaw into, eat into; vites, Cic
ero
197
esc
crogatio -Onis, f. (erogo), payiMnt, expendi-
ture; pecuniae, Cic.
erogo, 1. (ex and rogo), to pay from the public
treasury; pecuniain ex acrario, Cic; peeuniaiu
in classem, Cic.
errabundus -a -um (1. erro), wandering;
of persons, nunc errabundi domos suos pervag-
arentur, Liv. ; of animals, etc., vestigia bo vis,
Verg. ; odor, Lucr.
erratlcns-a-um(l.erro), wandering, erratic;
Delos, Ov. ; vitis serpens multiplici lapsu et
crratico, Cic.
erratio -onis, f. (1. erro), a wandering, stray-
ing ; nulla in caelo erratio, Cic. ; eum (cacli
niotuiii) ab oinni erratione liberavit, Cic.
erratum -i, n. (1. erro), a fault, error ; 1,
technically, erratum fabrile, Cic; erratum
iiieuin, tuuni, etc., mistake in reckoning, Cic. ; 2,
morally, errata aetatis nieae, of my youth, Cic
erratus -As, m. (I. erro), wandering about
straying ; longis erratibus actus, Ov.
1. erro, 1. I. to wander, stray, rove. A. Lit.,
1. intransit., quum vagus et exsul erraret, Cic. ;
of inanimate objects, 'stellae errantes, Cic ;
2, transit., terrae erratae, wandered over, Verg.;
litora errata, Verg. B. Transf., ne vagari
et errare cogatur oratio, Cic. ; ne tuus erret
lionos, Ov. ; sententia errans et vaga, uncertain,
Cic. II. to wander from, the right path, lose one's
way. A. Lit., errare via, Verg. B. Transf., to
err, be in error, be mistaken ; vehementer, valde,
Cie. ; si erratur in nomine, Cic. ; cui, crrato,
nulla venia, when a mistake is made, Cic.
2. erro -Onis, m. (1. erro), a wanderer, rover,
vagabond; esp. of slaves, Hor.; of unfaithful
lovers, Ov.
error -Oris, m. (1. erro), a wandering about. I.
Gen., A. Lit., error acdissipatiocivium, Cic. B.
Transf., wavering, uncertainty ; qui tibi aestus,
qui error, quae tenebrae erunt, Cic. II. Esp.,
wandering from the right way. A. Lit., errore
viaruni, Liv.; oursus errore facili, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, error, deception; errore duci, Cic;
in crrorem imluci, rapi, Cic; mentis, Cic; 2,
mistake ; ferendus tibi in hoc meus error, Cic.
erubesco -rubui, 3. to grow red, Mush ; a,
erubuere genae, Ov. ; b. to grow red from shame,
be ashamed ; ubi erubuit, Cic. ; with in and the
abl., Cic; with abl., Liv.; with ut and the
subj., Cic. ; with infill., Liv. ; erubescendus
-a -um, of which one should be ashamed; ignes,
Hor.
eruca -ae, f. a kind ofcolewort, Hor.
eructo, 1. to belch forth, throw up, vomit.
A. Lit., sanieiu, Verg. ; fig., sermonibus suis
caedem, to talk of, Cic. B. to cast out, emit,
eject ; arenam, Verg.
erudio -Ivi and -H -itum, 4. (ex and rudis),
to instruct, teach, educate; aliquein, Cic; with
abl., aliquein artibus, Cic; with in and the abl.,
aliquein injure civili.Cic ; tiliosomnibusartibus
ad Graecoram disciplinain, Cic. ; with two ace,
aliquein damnosas artes, Ov. ; with intin., Ov.
erudite, adv., only used in compar. and
superl. (eruditus), learnedly; eruditius disputare,
Cic.
eriiditlo -onis, f. (erudio), 1, teaching, in-
struction, Cic. ; 2, knowledge, learning, erudition,
eruditione atque doctrina, Cic.
eruditulus -i, m. (dim. of eruditus), some-
what skilled, Cat.
eruditus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from erudio), learned,instructed, polished,
erudite; homo, Cic; eruditior litteris, Cic;
eruditissimus d ( iscij>]inf), juris, pic, Suhah,
eruditi -oruui, m. men of education, tnc. -,
transf., of things, tempora, saecula, oratio, Cic
erumpo -rupi -ruptuni, 3. to break oxit,
break forth. I. Transit., A. to cause to burst
forth; 1, lit., gen. reflex., se erumperc, or pass.,
erunipi, to burst forth; portis se erumperc foras,
Cic. ; 2, transf., to vent, i/isc/iarpe/stomachum in
aliquein, Cic. B. to break through; nubem,
Verg. II. Intransit., to burst forth, break out
with violence. A. Lit., ignes ex Aetuae vertice
erumpunt, Cic; milit. t. t., to rush forth; ex
castris, Caes. ; iinpers., duabus simul portis
erumpitur, Liv. B. Transf., a, eruinpab enim
aliquando vera et me dlgna vox, Cic; crupit
deinde seditio, Liv. ; b, to break out into ; with
in or ad and the ace, ad miuas, Tac ; c, to
break out against; sentire potuit sermones in-
iquorum in suum potissimum nomen erumpere,
Cic. ; d, to come to light ; si illustrantur, si
erumpunt omnia, Cic; e, to turn out, result;
haec quo sit eruptura timeo, Cic. ; ad pernlciem
civitatis, Cic.
eriio -riii -riitum, 3. to dig out. I. Gen., A.
Lit., 1, gen., niortuum, Cic ; aurum terra, Ov. ;
2, esp., a, to dig up; humum, Ov. ; miss5 latus
hasta, to pierce, Ov. ; b, to tear out, pluck away;
eruitur oculos, his eyes are torn out, Ov. B.
Transf., a, memoriam alicuius ex annalium
vetustate, to bring forth, Cic ; b, to bring to the
light of day, to search out, rummage out; si quid
indagaris, inveueris, ex tenebris erueris, Cic;
with rel. sent., mini, sicunde potes, erues qui
decern legati Mummio fuerint, Cic. IL to de-
stroy utterly, rase; urbem, Verg.
eruptio -onis, f. (erumpo), a bursting or
■breaking forth. A. Gen., eruptio Aetnaeorum
igniuni, Cic. B. Milit. t. t., sally, attack;
eruptio ex oppido simul duabus portis, Liv. ;
eruptionem facere, Caes.
Erycina -ae, f . v. Eryx.
Erymanthos -i, ra. (Epvp.*v6os). I. a
mountain in Arcadia, where Hercules slew the
Erymanthian boar. Hence, 1, Erymanthls
-Idis, f. ('EpvuavBis), Erymanthian ; custos ursae
Erymanthidos (Callisto), i.e., Bootes, Ov. ; 2,
Erymanthius -a -um ('Epv/*ai>0ios), Eryman-
thian. II. a river on the borders of Elis, falling
into the Alpheus.
Erysictbon -thonis, m. ('Epvo-i'x&ui'), the
son of the Thessalidn-king Triopas, who was cursed
by Ceres with a raging hunger for having ait
down one of her groves, and who finally devoured
his own flesh.
Erytbea (-ia) -ae, f. a small island near
Gades, where Hercules stole the oxen of Geryon.
Hence, Ery theis -theldis, f. Erythean ; praeda,
the oxen of Geryon, Ov.
erjrthinus -a -um (ipvOivot), a kind of red
barbel or mullet, Ov.
Erythrae -arum, f. ('EpvflpaO, 1, a town in
Boeotia; 2, Erythrae Aetolorum, a toim in
Aetolia; 3, one of the twelve Ionian towns in
Asia Minor. Hence adj., Erythraeua -a-um,
Erythrean ; Erythraea terra, or simply Ery-
tnraoa -ae, f. the district of Erythrae.
erythraeua -a -um (epvflpalos), reddish ; mare
Erythraeum, the Indian Ocean, Plin.
Eryx -rycis, an. C^pv£), a mountain (also
called Erycus mons), with a city of the same name
on the north-west coast of Sicily,, with a famous
temple of Venus. Adj., Eryclnus -a -um, of
or belonging to A'ri/x.Venus Erycina, Cic; Eryain*
alone, Venus, Hor.
egca =ae, f, (}. eojq), 1, food, victuals., Wh ai
esc
198
Euui
nun and animals, Cic. ; 2, bait, Ov. ; transf.,
voluptas esca malorum, Cic.
escarius^a -tun, (csca), relating or belonging
to food. Subst., oscaria -arum, i). eating
utensils, Juv.
oscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (ex and
scando). I. Intransit., to climb up, ascend; 1,
in rotani, Cic. ; in roguin ardentcui, Cic. ; in
tribunal, Liv. ; in currum, Cic. ; 2, to go up
from the sea-coast inland; Ilium a mari, Liv.
II. Transit., to ascend ; Oetain, Liv. ; rostra,
Tac.
' eacensio -Onis, f. (escendo), landing, dis-
embarkation-; escensionem-facerc ab uavibus in
terrain, Liv.
escensus, abl. -I, in. (escendo), climbing;
capta escensu nmnimenta, Tac.
esclt, escunt = erit, erunt, v. .sum.
escul . \ . v. aescul . . .
esculentus -a -urn (csca), relating to eating,
edible, esculent; frusta, Cic; subst., esculenta
-oruni, n. eatables, Cic.
Esquiliae -arum, f. (ex and colere, lit., the
miter town, the suburb), the most considerable of
the hills on which Home ivas built, now the heiqht
ofS. Maria Maggiore; hence, 1, adj., Esquil-
lus -a -uui ; 2, Esquilinus -a -urn, Esyuiline;
subst, Esquilina -ae, f. the Esquiline gate,
Cic. ; 3, Esquiliarius -a -um, EsqnWne.
esaeda -ae, f. = cssedum (q.v.).
essedarius -ii, in. (esseda), a fighter in a
British or Gallic war-chariot, Caes.
essedum -i. n. (a Celtic word), a iva
chariot -used among the Gauls and Britons, anti
aftenvards adopted by the Romans in their public
games, Caes. ; a travelling chariot, Cic.
esurio, 4. (desider. of l. edo). A. to be
hungry, desire food, Cic. B. Transf., to desire
eagerly, long for; nil ibi, quod nobis esuriatur,
erit, Ov.
esuritlo -onis, f. (esurio), hunger, Cat.
csus a -um, partic of 1. edo.
et, conj. (cf. Gr. en). I. and (joining single
words and sentences), 1, ct . . . et, both ,. "". .
and; etin patre etin filios, Cic. ; soet . . . que,
•Cic. ; or que . . . et, Liv. ; 2, nec(Beque) . . .
et, not only not . . . but; nee mrror et gaudeo,
Cic; et . . . nee (neque), no! only . . . but also
not, Cic; 3, et quidem, << iid indeed; duo milia
jugerum, et quidem immania, Cic. ; sod alone,
and indeed; magna vis est conscientiae, et magna
in utramque partem, Cic; 4, et etiam, and
also; auctoritate et consilio et etiam gratia,
Cic. ; 5, et vero, and truly, Cic. ; 6, ct non,
and no', ami not rather ; dicim eos miseros, qui
nati sunt, et non eos, qui mortui sunt, Cic. ; 7,
et deinde, and then, Liv. II. also; addam et
illud etiam, Cic. III. hut ; nullane babes vitia?
imo alia, et fortasse minora, Hor.
etenim, eon.j., 1 (explanatory), namely, Cic;
2 (strengthening a previous assertion), truly
and indeed, Cic.
Ete6cles -is and -eos, ilCEtcokAtj?), myth.,
sod of Oedipus, brother of Poiynices, hilled in the
siege of Thebes.
eteslaG -arum, f. (irguiai, Ho. ave^oi), winds
which blow for forty days every year about tlic dog-
dnys, Etesian -winds, Cic.
etesius -a -um, Etesian, Lucr.
6th61ogUS i, in. (g9o\6yo<;), one who mimics
in sport the peculiarities of others; niimi ctliologi,
Cic.
etiam, conj. (= ct jam), lit. and already.
I. (t-.) express duration of time), as yet, still;
nondum etiam, vixdum etiam, not yet, s>.arcely
yet, Cic. ; quum iste etiam cubarct, when he was
still, fee, Cic. II. 1, in answer, certainly, yes,
indeed ; aut etiam ant non respondeve, to answer
yes or no, Cic. ; 2, certainly, hyidl means ; etiam,
inqitil, beatam, sed non beatissimam, Cic. ; 3,
to express a climax, even, nay even ; voce, motu,
forma etiam niagnilica, Cic. ; non solum . . .
sed (or verum) etiam, not only . . . but also, Cic. :
turn (or quum) . . . turn etiam, as well . . . as,
Cic; 4, even, nay; tabulas nihil profuturas,
etiam plussuspicionisfuturuui, Cic. III. again :
die etiam clarius, Cic. ; etiam atquectiam, again
and again, rogarc, coiisiderare, Cic.
etiam -num and etiam-nunc, adv., yet,
still, till now ; dc materia loqui oratiouis etiam-
nunc, non ipso de genere dicendi, Cic. ; nihil
etiam nunc, nothing further, Cic.
etiam-si, conj., even if, although, Cic.
etiam-tum and etiam tunc, adv., even
then, till that time, till then, Cic.
Etruria -ae, f. a country in Centred Italy,
now Tuscany. Adj., Etrusciis -a -um, Etntscan.
et-si, conj., 1, although, yet; foil, by tanien,
at, certe, etc. ; etsi non sapientissimi, at amic-
issimi hominis auctoritate, Cic. ; 2, and yet,
notwithstanding ; do poenas tenieritatis meae ;
clsi quae fuit ista temeritas, Cic
etymologia -ae, f. (erv/joAoy/a), eiymohgy,
Cic.
eu (cO), interj., good ! v:cll done! an exclama-
tion of joy and approval (sometimes ironical),
Hor.
Euadne -es, f. (EviSinj), w\[h.,wifc of Capa-
■ its, one of the seven who fought against. 'Thebes.
Suander -dri, and Euandrus -i, in.
(Kimi'Spof), myth., son of Hermes and Carnuntis,
who led a colony from Pidlantium in Arcadia, and
built a town m the Palatine hill. Adj., Euan-
drius -a um, Evandrian; ensis, of l'allas, son
o/Evander.
EuT.oea -ae, f. (Li'/3oia), an island in the
Aegean, Sea ; hence adj., EuboiCUS -a -um", a,
Enboean ; cultor aquarum, the sea-god Ghmcus,
Verg. ; b, poet., belonging to Cumae, a colony
from Euboca ; urbs, Cumae, Ov.
EllClldeS -is, in. (EuKAeiSrjs), 1, a. philoso-
pher of Megara, founder of the Megarian school aj
philosophy; 2, a mathematician of Alexandria.
Euenus-i, in. (Evqi/cs), mytih.,kingofAetolia,
father ofMarptssa, drowned in therirer Vycomvis,
which received the name of Euenvs. Adj., Euen-
inus -a -um, of ox belonging to the (river) Euenvs.
Euganci -drain, in. a people in Upper Italy,
living near Patavium and Verona. Adj., Euga-
ncus -a -um, Euganean.
euge, interj. (evye), well done.' (sometimes
ironical), Pers.
euhan (euan), interj. (eiiav or eu av), shout
of the Bacchanals; euhan euhoe euhiuin, Knn. ;
pcrsonif., lacchus et Kuban, Ov.
euhans (euans) -ahtis = evafav, shouting
euhan, of the Bacchanals ; with ace, euhautes
Orgia, celebrating the orgies of Bacchus, Verg.
Euhemcrus -i, m. (F.i'ujuepos), Greek philoso-
pher and historian of Agrigenium, flourishing
about 315 B.C.
Euhias (Euias) -adia, f. (tv'ias), a Bacchante,
EulliUS (EU1US) -ii, III. (Eiii'o?), surname of
!■ < ■ h us.
euhoe, interj. (ti'/oi), shout of the Bacchantes ;
euhoe Bacche, Verg.
Eumcncs -is, in. (EvpcVip), general of Alex-
ander the Great, after his death governor oj
Cappadocia.
Eum
199
eve
Eumenides -um. f. (EvixeviSes), Eumenides,
the gracious ones, eupliein. name for the Furies.
Eumolpus -i, m. (Euju.oA.itos), myth., son of
Poseidon and Chione, a 1 hracicui priest of Demeter,
founder of the Eleusinian mysteries. Hence,
Euraolpidae -arum, m. (KvnoKiriSai), a family
in Athens from which the priests of Demeter were
chosen.
eunuchus -i, m. (eivou,\os), n eunuch, Cic.
Eupliorbus -i, m. (Eu<pop/3:>s), a Trojan,
whose soul Pythagoras believed to have descended
to himself.
Euphoridn -onis, m. (Eu<f>optW), a Greek
poet of Chalcis in Euboea, flourishing about 220 B.C.
Euphrates -is (also -i and -ae), m. (Ewppa-
ttj;), the Euphrates, a river in Western Asia,
rising in Armenia, joining the Tigris, and flowing
into the Persian Gulf; meton. the dwellers on the
Euphrates, Verg.
Enpolis -pSHdis, m. (Evn-oAis), an Athenian
comic poet, contemporary with Aristophanes.
Euripides -is and -i, m. (Evpi7rio'T)0,_ the
celebrated Athenian tragic poet. Adj., Euripi-
deus -a -um, of Euripides.
Euripus -i, m. (Evp'To;), 1, a channel, strait,
esp. the strait between Euboea and the main land,
Cic. ; 2, an artificial canal or water-course, Cic. ;
the ditch or moat constructed round the Circus
Maximus, Suet.
Europa -ae, f., and Europe -es, f. (EupuVr;).
I. Myth., daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia,
mother of Sarpedon and Minos by Jupiter, who
in the form of a bull carried Iter off to Crete. II.
Geogr., the continent of Europe, said to have been
named after Europa. Adj., Europaeus -a -um,
belonging to Europa; dux, Minos, Ov.
Eurotas -ae, m. (EuptoVas), the chief river of
Lucedaemonia, now Pasilipotamo.
eurous -a -um (eurus), eastern, Verg.
eurus -i, m. (eupoi), a south-east wind, Verg. ;
an east vjind. Ov. ; poet., wind in general, Verg.
Eurydlce -es, f. (Eu'pv&Voj), wife of Orpheus,
killed by a serpent's bite, recovered from Hades by
Orpheus, but lost again by his looking back at Iter
against his agreement with Pluto.
Eurymedon. -ontis, in. (Ev'pup:e'W), river
in Vamphylia, now Kapri-Su.
Eurymides -ae, in. (EJpi/ui'orj?), son ofEury-
mus, i.e., Telephus.
Eurynomc -6s, f. {Elpwo^), daughter of
Oceanus and Tethys, mother of Leucotho'e.
Eurypylug -i, m. (EipuTruAos), 1, a son of
Hercules, and king of Cos ; 2, son of Euaemon,
one of the Greek commanders before Troy.
Eurystheus -ei, m. (Evpvo-eevs), myth., son
of Sthenelus, king in Mycenae, who imposed on
Hercxdeshis twelve labours.
Eurytus -i, m. (EupuTO?), myth., king in
Oechalia, father of Idle and Dryope. Hence,
Eurytis -Wis, f. daughter of Eurytus, i.e., Me.
Euterpe -6s, f. (EuTe'p7nj), the muse of har-
mony, Hor.
Eutropfus -li, m. Flavius, a Roman historian
of the fourth century a.d.
Euxinus -a -um (Evfetros = hospitable), an
epithet of the Black Hea ; esp. in the phrase Pontus
Euxinus ; mare, aquae, Ov.
evado -vasi -vasum, 3. to go oxtt, go forth.
I. Intransit., A. Lit, 1, gen., ex balneis, Cic. ;
oppido, Sail. ; per praeruptum saxiim in Capito-
lium, Liv. ; 2, esp., to escajie, get off; e lnanibus
hostium, Liv. ; e perieulo, Cic B. Transf., a,
to l-vpt out, issue, bcrom; quos judicabat non
posse oratores, evadere, Cic; b, to result, turn
out ; quo evasura sint, Cic. II. Transit., 1, to
climb, ascend ; gradus altos, Verg. ; 2, to pass,
travel over; ripani,Verg. ; evaserant media castra,
Liv.; 3, to escape; rlanimam, Verg. (syncop.
perf., evasti, Hor.).
evagor, 1. dep. I. Intransit., to wander,
stray away. A. Lit., a, of plunderers, effuse,
Liv.; b, milit. t. t., to wlieel to the right and
left, maiwuvre; nullo ad evagandum rclicto
spatio, Liv. B. Transf., appetitus longius
evagnntur, Cie. II. Transit., to overstep; or-
dinem rectum, Hor.
cvalesco -valui, 3. to grow strong; 1, in
tuniultum, to grow into a tumult, Tac; 2, to
prevail, come into vogue ; nationis noinen evalu-
isse paullatim, Tac; 3, to have power, to be able;
with inlin., sed non Dardanidae medicari cus-
pidis ictum evaluit, Verg.
evan, v. euhan.
Evander, v. Euander.
evanesco -vanfii, 3. A. to vanish, disappear,
pass away; evanescunt vinum et salsameutum
vetnstate, Cic B. Transf., evanescit meinoria
alicuius, Cic; spes, Cic ; rumor, Liv.
evanidus -a -um (evanesco), vanishing,
passing ' away ; pectora in tenues abeunt
evanida rivos, Ov.
e vans, v. euhans.
cvasto, 1. to devastate, lay waste utterly;
agiun:, vallem, Liv.
evectus -a -um, partic of evcho.
evcho -vexi -vectuin, 3. I. to carry out,
bear out. A. Lit., aliquid plaustris ex fanis,
Cic. ; aquas ex planis locis, Liv. ; pass., evehi
(used as a middle); 1, of ships, to sail away;
in altuni, Liv. ; 2, se evehcre and evehi, to ride
away: se incaute, Liv. B. Transf., middle evehi ;
a, e Piraeo eloquentia evecta est, Cic. ;b, to be
carried away ; spe vana, Liv. ; o, faina eius
evecta insulas, spread abroad, Tac. II. to raise,
lift up; aliquem ad deos, raises to the heaven,
Hor.; evehere aliquem ad consulatum, Tac.
evello -velli -vulsum, 3. I. to tear out,
pluck out. A. Lit., alicui linguam, Cic. ; ar-
borem, Cic. B. Transf., to tear out, erase, re-
move; consules non modo e memoria sed
etiam ex fastis evellondi, Cic. ; alicui ex aiiimo
serupulmn, Cic. II. to tear away; emblema,
Cic
evenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come out, come
forth. I. Lit., inerses profundo, pulchrior
evenit, Hor. II. Transf., 1, a, to Htm out,
result ; bene, Cic. ; alicui feliciter, Caes. ; vides
omnia feie contra ac dicta sint evenisse, Cic;
b, to fall to tlie lot of; provincia (sorte) evenit
alicui, Liv.; 2, to happen, befall, occur; pax
evenit, Sail. ; ut plerumque evenit, Cic ; forte
evenit ut, etc., Cic
eventum -i, n. (evenio), 1, the issue, conse-
quence of an action; causarum cognitio . cog-
nitionem eventi facit, Cic. ; 2, an event,
occurrence ; causae eventorum magis me movent
quam ipsa eventa, Cic.
eventus -us, m. (evenio). I. consequence,
issue, result ; 1, gen., eventus rei, Caes. ;' event-
us rerum qui acciderunt, Cic ; eius diei, Caes.;
belli eventus prosner, Liv.; 2, esp., a, issue,
end, catastrophe ; (a) of a drama, semper ad
eventum festinat, Hor. ; (/3) of persona, impi.
orum fratrum, Liv.; b, fav0irable issue, sucors* ;
casus eventusnue rerum, Tac. ; nee eventus
defuit, Tac. II. an occurrence, event, Cic. ; fate;
uuditur Decii eventus, Liv.
everbero, 1. to strike violently, flap ; clypeuin
aliSj Verg. ; cauda pendeutern esoam, Ov.
ev©
200
ex
evergo, 3. Co send out, send forth ; nullos
a]>crtos vivos, Liv.
everric iilum -i, n. (everro), a fishing-net,
drag-net ; tig., quod umquam huiuseemodi
everriculum ulla in proviucia fuit (with a
pun on the name of VeiTes), Cic. ; everriculum
malitiaruui omnium, judicium de dolo main,
Cic.
everro -verri •versuui, 8. (to sweep out);
transf., to plunder; quod famim uon eversum
atquc cxtersum reliqueris (with a pun on the
name of Verres), Cic.
everslo -Suis, f. (cverto), 1, an overturning ;
columnae, Cic; 2, transf., a destruction, ruin;
vitac, Cic. ; patriae, rerum publicarum cversi-
ones, Cic.
eversor -oris, m. (cverto), un overt timer,
destroyer; civitatis, Cic.
everto -verti -vereuin, 3. I. A. to overturn,
throw down; 1, lit., navem, Cic; arborem,Verg.;
hence, of a city, to demolish, raze to the ground;
Caithaginem, Cic. ; 2, transf., to overthrow,
destroy; funditus civitates, Cic. ; constitntam
philosophiam, Cic; aliquem, to ruin politically,
Cic B. to ei-pel or eject from one's property;
aliquem bonis, Cic. ; perfidum fortunis patriis,
Cic. II. to raise up; aequora veutis, Vcrg.
evestlgatus -a -um, tracked out, discovered;
ingeuiis evestigata priorum, Ov.
Evias, v. Euhias.
evidens -entis, adj. (ex and video), 1, visible;
niensura quaedam, Cic; 2, transf., clear, plain,
evident; res, Cic; evidentior causa victoriae,
Liv.; quid est evidentius? Cic.
evidentSr, adv. (evidens), visibly, mani-
festly; evidenter praeniterc, Liv.
cvldentla -ae, f. (evidens), distinctness of
language, Cic.
evlgllo, 1. I. Intransit., to watch, be
vigilant; in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogita-
tiones meae? Cic. II. Transit., a, to watch
through, ]niss in watching ; nox evigilanda, Tib.;
b, to elaborate carefully; libros, Ov. ; consilia
evigilata cogitationibus, Cic.
evilesco -vilui, 3. to become vile, worthless,
contemptible, Tac.
evinclo -vinxi -vinetuni, 4. to bind, hind
rnn nil ; diademate caput Tiriilatis evinxit, Tac. ;
viridi evinctus oliva, Vcrg.
evlnco -vici -victum, 3. to conquer entirely,
utterly subdue. I. Lit., imbelles Aeduos, Tac;
evicit omnia assuetus praedae miles, Liv. ; plat-
anus caelebs evincet nlmos, will get the better
of, drive unvy, Hor. ; oppositas gnrgite moles,
to get jxist or through, Vcrg. II. Transf., A.
Gen., a, to prevail upon a person; lacrimis,
dolore, precibus evinci, Vcrg.; b, to conquer a
passion or feeling ; evicit miseratin justa soci-
orum superhiam ingenitam, Liv. B. a, to brirtg
it about that ; with ut and the subj., suinma ope
evicerunt, ut M. Furius Camillus crearetur,
Liv.; b, to prove irresistibly; si puerilius his
ratio esse evincet amare, Hor.
eviro, 1. (ex and vir), to castrate, Cat.
eviscSro, 1. (ex and visnus), to take out the
lowels, eviscerate, tear in pieces; (columbam)
peditms eviscerat uncis (of the hawk), Verg. ;
cviscei-atum corpus patris, Cic
evltabllis -e (evito), tluit can be avoided;
tcluin, Ov.
evito, 1. to avoid, shun ; suspicionem, Cic.
Evius, v. Eubius.
evdeator -oris, m. (rvoco), one, who calls to
QTTUS; svyvrftTi cp c'jvj''"*! peuljtoripn, Cjc.
evocatus -a -um (partic of cvoco) ; subst..
a veteran who hud served his time but was Habit
to be called upon in an emergency, Caes.
evoco, 1. to call out. I. Lit., A. Gen., ali-
quem c curia, Liv.; mercatores undique ad se,
Caes.; aliquem litteris, Cic. B. Esp., 1, rclig.
t- t., a, to summon the si>irits nf the dead ; ali-
quem ab inferis, Cic. ; b. to call forth a deity
from a besieged and hostile city by promising a
temple ut Rome ; evocare deos, Liv. ; 2, to sum-
mon ; a, of magistrates, etc, aliquem ad sc,
Cic; aliquem ad colloquium, Liv.; b, to sum-
mon for military service ; legiones ex hiberuis,
Caes.; c, to summon to a place of honour ; ali-
quem ad cum hotiorcin, Cars.; 3, in u hostile
manner, to cxdl upon the enemy to come out to
fight; magna cum cootumelia vcrbortun uostros
ad pugnam, Caes. II. Transf., a, alicuius
familiam abjectam et obscurant teuebris in
lucem, Cic. ; b, to call forth, produce ; miscri
cordia tua nullius oratione evocata, Cic.
evoe, v. euhoe.
evolo, 1. I. to fiji out, fly away. A. Lit.,
ex quercu, Cic. B. Transf., to come forth
quickly, rush forth, hasten 'amy; ex corporum
vinculis tanquam e careere, Cic; c senatn, Cic;
c conspectu, Cic; tig., ex alicuius severitate, c
poena, to escape, Cic. II. to fly up ; concussisque
levis peuuis sic evolat ales, Ov.
evoltitlo -onis, f. (evolvo), the unrolling, and
hence, reading of a book ; poetarum, Cic.
evolvo -volvi -vSltttum, 3. I. A. Lit., to
roll out, roll forth ; 1, per humum evolvi, Tac;
2, of a river, se evolverc in mare, Verg. ; 3, lig.,
evolutus [Ilia integutuentis dissimulation^, un-
masked, Cic B. Transf., 1, to extricate ; sc ex
his turliis, Tac. ; 2, to deprive; illos ex praeda
clandestine, make to disgorge, Liv.; 3, of news,
evolvi, to spread ; ad aurea quoque niilitum dicta
ferocia evolvebantur, Liv. II. t" roll apart,
open, unwind. A. Lit., 1, gen., voluineii epi.s-
tolarum, Cic; 2, a, of the fates, to spin ; fuses
meos, Ov. ; b, to read, study; librum, Cic B.
Transf., 1, to make clear, narrate; aliquid nc-
curatius in litteris, Cic. ; 2, to find out; exitum
criminis, Cic. ; 3, to think over, reflect upon ;
haec sub antris, Verg.
evomo -ui -I turn, 3. to vomit forth. A. Lit.,
conchas, Cic. B. Transf., a, to vomit forth,
cast out; quae (urbs) tantam pestem evomuit
forasque projecit, Cic; in quo til, accepts, et
devorata pecunia, evomere non poteras, disgorge,
Cic; b, of speech, in aliquem absentem oia-
tionem ex ore impurissimo, Cic.
evulgo, 1. to publish, make known; jus
civile, Liv.; Octaviae injuries, Tac.
evulslo -onis, f. (evcllo), a pidling out,
plucking out ; dentis, Cic.
ex, prep, with abl. (ef, e«), e before b, d, g, j,
I, m, n, r, v, from or out of. 1. 1, In space, out
°f, from ; exire ex urbe, e vita, Cic. ; luilites
exco loco deducere, Cic; delabi ex equo, Liv.
thus a, it follows verbs of taking, perceiving,
questioning, and the like — e. g., suinere, per-
cipere, accipere, auferre, colligere, quaerere,
percunctari, discere, intelligere, etc. ; b, so the
phrase, ex persona alicuius, under the. mask — i.e.,
in the character of any one ; ex sua persona,
in one's own name, for oneself, Cic. ; 2, to
denote position ; a, ex equo collnqui, Caes. ; qui
nihil ex oeculto agendum putant, Cic; b,
laborare ex pedibUB, to suffer in the feet, Cic.
II. Of time, 1, since; ex eo tempore, Cic; es| .,
CX quo, from which time, since, Liv. ; 2, on, al ;
hunc judiccin ex Kal. .Inn. non liabebimus, Cic;
3, after, immediately upon ; Cotta ex COJlsulatU
est Prftfectus in Galliam, Cic. j aliud, e^ ajjo, one
exa
201
exa
after another, Cic. ; diem ex die, day after day,
Cic. III. To denote origin, from, outof, of; 1
a, quidam ex Arcadia hospes, Nep. ; virgines
ex sacerdotio Vestae, of the priesthood of Vesta,
Ter. ; b, of etymological derivation, urbem quam
csuo nomine Romamjussit nominari, Cic. ; 2,
to denote the whole out of which any part is
taken, unus ex meis intiinis, Cic. ; e numero, of
the number, Cic. ; hence, a, Q. Vettius Vettianus
e Marsis, a Marsian, Cic. ; b, in place of the
genit., to denote that to which anything belongs,
imppes e barbaris navibus, Caes.; 3, to denote
the material of which anything is made or com-
pounded.pocula ex auro, Cic. ; so of the source
from which anything is paid or gained ; largiri
ex alieno, Liv. ; vivere e rapto, Ov. ; 4. to de-
note the cause or occasion of anything, from, on
account of, by reason of; ex eadem causa, Cic. ;
Demetrius e doctrina clarus, Cic; esp. with
conj. in the phrase, ex eo quod, ex eo quia, on
that account, because, Cic. ; ex eo factum est
quod, hence it came about that, Cic. ; ex quo, e
quibus, on account of which, Cic. ; e vulnere
mori, Liv.; 5, to denote a change from one con-
dition or occupation to another, ex oratore
arator factus, Cic. ; 6, according to, in accordance
with ; ex edicto, Cic. ; ex decreto, Cic. ; ex
foedere, Liv. ; ex re et ex tempore, according to
time and circumstance, Cic. ; esp. a, ex mea, tua
re, for my, thy advantage, Cic. ; e republica, for
the benefit of the republic, Cic. ; ex usu esse, to be
■useful, Cic. ; b, ex animo, heartily, earnestly, Cic. ;
ex sententia, satisfactorily, Cic. ; 7, in regard to,
with respect to; e ratione libertatis ; e nostra
dignitate, Cic. IV. Adv. phrases, ex industria,
designedly, Cic. ; e memoria, from memory, Cic. ;
ex parte, in part, Cic; e vestigio, forthwith,
Caes.; e regione, opposite to, Cic. ; ex inopinato,
•unexpectedly, Cic.
exacerbo, 1. to irritate, provoke, exasperate,
embitter; contumeliis hostes, Liv.
exaotlo -onis, f. (exigo), L a driving out,
expulsion ; regain, Cic. II. 1, a demanding, exact-
ing, collecting of debts, tribute, etc.; a, act., nomin-
nm, Cic. ; capiturn, poll-tax, Cic. ; b, pass., that
which is collected, income; exactio prior, Cic. ;
2, management, direction ; operam publicoruin'
exaotor -oris, m. (exigo), I. one who drives
out, expels ; regain, Liv. II. 1, one who demands
or exacts, a collector of taxes, Caes. ; 2, an in-
spector, superintendent, overseer; qaum ipse im-
perator et exactor ; circamiret, Liv.
exaotus -a -am, p. adj. with compar. and
saperl. (from exigo), accurate, precise, exact;
naineras, Liv.
exaciio -ai -utum, 3. to sharpen to a point,
make sharp. A. Lit., furcas, Verg. ; fig., mu-
cronem aliquein tribunieiam in nos, Cic. B.
Transf., a, qaam animas exacuerit illam, at
ocalorum, sic iugenii aciem, Cic. ; b, to excite,
stir up, inflame; aliquem, Cic; animos in bella,
Hor. ; ira exacui, Nep.
exadversum or exadversiis, prep, with
ace, opposite ; exadversus eum locum, Cic
exaedif Icatlo -onis, f. (exaedifico), a build-
ing up; rig., of an oration, ipsa autem exaedi-
ficatio posita est in rebas et verbis, Cic
exaedif loo, 1. tobuild, build up, erect, finish
building; Capitoliam, Cic; domos et villas,
•Sail.; lig., to finish; exaedificare id opus qaod
lnstituisti, Cic.
exaequatio -onis, f. (exaequo), a making
eiyaal, equality, Liv.
exaequo, 1. a, to place on a level, make
equal; jara, Cic; facta dictis sunt exaeqaanda
must be related in an adequate manner, Sail ; b
I 9
to compare; se cum aliquo, Cic. ; exaequarl alicuL
Cic. ; c, to equal ; aliquem, Ov.
exaestuo, 1. I. Int.ransit., to boil up, foam
up; mare, Liv.; uiida iina verticibus, Verg. ;
transf., mens exaestuat ira, Verg. II. Transit.,
to give forth; hos igitur tellas omnes exaestuat
aestas, Lucr. ; . , .
exaggeratlo -onis, f. (exnggero), elevation,
exaltation; amplitudo et quasi quaedam exag-
geratio quam altissima animi, Cic.
exaggero, 1. to heap up. I. Gen., A. Lit.,
Plin. B. Transf., to raise, elevate; aniiuiw
virtatibas exaggeratas, Cic II. to heap up', in-
crease; 1, gen., rem familiarein, Cic. ; 2, esp.,
by words, to heighten, exalt, magnify ; bene-
tlcium verbis, Cic. ; virtatem, Cic.
exagltator -oris, m. (exagito), one who
blames, a censurer ; omniam rhetorum, Cic. -
exagito, 1. I. Lit., to drive anything from
its position; a, of animals, to hunt, chase; et
lepas hie aliis exagitatas erit, Ov. ; b, of winds,
to raise; quam vis (ventl) exagitata foras eramp-
ltar, Lucr. II. Transf., 1, to harass, disquiet,
disturb, persecute; exagitati istius iujariis, Cic. ;
ab Saebis complurcs aimos exagitati bello
premebantar, Caes.; qaos ilia qaaestio ex-
agitabat, Sail.; 2, to scold, blame, reproach,
censure, criticise ; aliqaem, Cic. ; omnes eias
fraades, Cic; to disapprove of; qui hanc dicendi
exercitationein exagitarent atqae contemnerent,
Cic. ; 3, to excite, irritate; plebem, Sail. ; maer-
orem, Cic.
exalbesco -bfti, 3. to grow white, turn pale
with fright, Cic.
examen -Inis, n. (for exagimen, from ex and
ago). I. a swarm. A. Lit., of bees, Cic; of
wasps, Liv. B. Transf., a throng, crmud, shoal;
servoram, Cic. II. A. the tongue of a balance,
Verg. B. Transf., testing, consideration, investi-
gation; exaniina legum servare, to apply, Ov.
examino, 1. (examen), to weigh. A. Lit.,
ad certuin pondas, Caes.; non aar'iilcis statera,
sed qaadam populari trutina exaininari, Cic.
B. Transf., to weigh, consider; a, diligenter
verborum omnium pondera, Cic; with abl
haec ineis ponderibns, Cic. ; b, of jadges, male
veram examinat omnis corruptus judex, Hor.
ex amussim, according to the square or rule,
exactly, accurately, Plant.
exanclo, 1. to exhaust, empty. A. Lit., vinmr.
pocalo, Plaat. B. Transf., to bear to the end,
suffer, endure; labores, Cic.
exanimatio -onis, f. (exanimo), fright,
terror, Cic.
exanimis -e and gen. exanlmus -a -am
(ex and anima), 1, lifeless, dead, ; Verg., Liv. ; v
2, lifeless, senseless with terror, Verg.
exanimo, 1. (ex and anima or animas). I.
to deprive of breath. A. 1, lit., duplici cur's'u
exanimari, Caes.; milites cursu exanimati.
breathless, Caes. ; 2, transf., to make breathless
with fear, to stun ; te metus exanimat, Cic. B.
to deprive of life, kill; 1, lit., aliqaem, Cic ; 2,
transf., to exhaust, weaken; aliqaem qaerelis,
Hor. II. to breathe out ; nolo verba exiliter
exanimata exire, Cic
exantlo = exanclo (q.v.).
exaptUS -a -am, fastened, attached, Lacr.
exardesco -arsi -arsam, 3. X. Lit, 1, to
take fire, findle, totrn up; nulla materia tarn
facilis ad exardescendam est quae etc., Cic ;
2, to become hot, to glow; aetherioqae receris'
exarsit sidere limus, Ov. II. Transf., 1, of
persons, to be violently excited., be inflamed ; ira-
candia ac stomaclio, Cic. ; ad spem libertatis,
Cic. ; of love, to burn ; imis tota exarsit medallis,
exa
202
exc
Cat; 2, of things, to break out; exarsit bellum,
Cic.
exaresco -arui, 3. to dry, become quite dry.
A. Lit., exarescunt a nines, Cic. ; fontes, Caes. ;
laerimae, Cic. B. Fig., to dry up, become ex-
hausted ; exaruit facultas orationis, Cic; vides
eniin exaruisse jam veterem nrbanitatem, Cic.
exarmo, 1. to disarm, deprive, of arms;
cohortes, Tac
exaro, 1. I. toplmigh up, dig up: puerum,
Cie. "IX. to gain by ploughing; plus .qnain
decern meditnua ex agro, Cic. . III. M plough;
a, lit., Van-.; b, transf., frontein rugis, Hor. ;
C, meton., to- write or note on waxen-, tablets ;
exaravi nd te harem exemplum in codicillis, Cic.
exaspero, 1. to make rough. A. Lit., a,
Plin.; b, of the sea, to make stormy; exaspcrato
fluctibus man, Liv. B. Transf., a, to make
savage; duratl tot nialis exasperatique, Liv.;
b, to irritate, excite ; animos, Liv.
exauctoro, 3. to dismiss from military ser-
vice, discliarge; aliquem, Liv. ; se exatietorare,
to leave the service, Liv.
exaudio, 4. I. to hear plainly *\ maxima
voce, ut oinnes exaudire possint, dico, Cic. ; non
exaudito tubae sono, Caes. II. to hear favour-
ably, listen to; a, aliquid, to listen to prayers;
vota precesque, Verg. ; b, aliquem, to obey;
monitor non exauditus, Hor.
exaugeo, 2. to increase exceedingly; radiorum
ictum, Lucr.
exaugiiratio -onis, f. (exauguro), a profan-
ing, desecrating; sae.ellorum exaugnrationes, Liv.
exauguro, 1. to desecrate, profane: fana, Liv.
exoaeco, 1. to make blind. A. Lit., aliquem,
Cic. B. Transf., to stop a river or channel;
flumina, Ov.
excandescentla -ae, f. (excandesco), heat,
irascibility, Cic.
. excandesco -dui, 3. to become, hot with
passion, to glow, bum; absol., id postquam
nesciit, excanduit, ap. Cie. ; with abstractions,
risi ira excanduerit fortitudo, Cic.
excanto, 1. to charm out, bring forth by in-
cantations ; sidera excantata voce Thessalii, Hor.
excarnifico, 1. to tear to pieces; aliquem,
Cic.
exeavo, 1. to hollow out, excavate; ex una
gemma praegrandi trulla excavata, Cic.
exoedo -cessi -cessum, ,8. I. Intransit.,
A, to go out, go away, go from; 1, lit., via, Liv. ;
oppido, Caes. ; urbe, Cic. ; ex proelio, proelio,
Caes. ; 2, transf., a, ex ephebis, e pueris, to pass
out of the age of boyhood, Cic; c nienioria, to pass
out of memory, Liv.;'e vita or simply vita, to die,
Cic; excedere palma, to resign the prise, Verg.;
b, to digress; paullum ad eimrranduin quam
etc., Liv. B. to go beyond, exceed; 1, lit., ut
nulla (pars) excederet ultra, Cic. ; 2, transf., a,
to attain to; eo laud is excedere quo, etc., Tac. ;
b, to result in, turn to; ne in altercationem ex-
cederet res, Liv. ; c, to j>«ss beyond ; qunm li-
bertas non ultra vocem excessisset, Liv. ; d, of
events, to happen; inseqnentia excedunt in eum
annum, etc., Liv. II. Transit., A. Gen., to
leave; curiam, urbem, Liv. B. to pass beyond ;
modum, Liv.; tempus flnitum, Liv.
excellens -entis, p. adj. with conipar. and
superl. (excello), high, lofty, excellent, distin-
guished, remarkable; Brutus excellens onini
genere laudis, Cic. ; excellens pulchritudo miriie-
bris formae, Cic. ;. una excellentissima virtus,
justitia, Cic. II ,;n
cxcellenter, adv. (excellens), excellently;
quae magno amnio fortlter excellenterque gesta
Bunt, Cic.
excellentia -ae, f. (excellens), excellence,
distinguished merit ; animi exeellentia magiii-
tudoque, Cic. ; absol., propter excellentiamj pre-
eminently, Cic.
excello (excelleo), 3. to excel, be. distin-
guished, bi' eminent ; ilhul excellitregium noinen,
Cic; with a bl, animi magnitudine, Cic ; with
in and the alii,, in qua parte excello ipse, Cic. ;
with inter, inter. quos posset exceUere, Cic. ;
with praeter, in eo genere praeter'ceterqs, Cic. ;
with super, quia super ceteros excellat, Liv.;
with dat. (of person excelled), ita tigmatnin esse
corpus ut excellat ceteris, Cic; in quibus tvf-
longe aliis excellis, Cic.
excelse, adv. with coinpar. and superl,
(excelsus), loftily ; dicere, in a lofty'slyle, Cic.
excelsitas -atis, f. (excelsus), height; transf.,
animi, elevation, Cic.
excelsus -a -urn, p. adj. with eolripar. and
superl. (excello), lofty, high, elevated. A. Lit.,
mons, Caes.; locus, Cic. Subst,, excelsum
-i, n. a lofty place or situation, Cic. B. Transf,
elevated above the common; 1, of position, dis-
tinguished, eminent, illustrious ; in excelso et
illustri loco site laus tua, Cic ; subst., ex-
celsum -i, n. high dignity, lofty position ; a,
sing., in excelso vitem agere, Sail.; b, plur.,
excelsa et alta sperare, high honours, Liv.; 2,
of the mind, dignified, elevated ; magnus homo
et excelsus, Cic; animus excelsus, Cic; 3, of
the style of a writer or speaker, lofty, elevated;
orator grandior et quodammodo excelsior, Cic.
exceptlO -onis, f. (excipio), 1, an exception,
restriction, limitation ; cum exceptione, Gin.;
sine exceptione, Cic. ; quodsi exceptioneni facit
ne, etc., Cic; 2, an exception, to the plaintiff's
statement of a' case tendered by the defendant ;
exceptioneni alicni dare, Cic; exceptione ex-
cludi, Cic.
excepto, 1. (intens. of excipio), to take out,
catch up; 1, barbatulos inullos de piscina, Cic;
singulos, Caes. ; 2, auras', to snuff up, Verg.
excerno -crevi -cretum, 3. to separate, sift,
sort ; Saguntinos ex captornm numero, Liv. ;
haedi exereti, separated from their mothers, Verg.
excerpo -cerpsi -cerptrim, 3. (ex and carpo),
to j)icfc out. I. Lit., semina pomis, Hor. ,11.
Transf., A. to gather out, choose; excerpere ex
malis si quid inesset'boni, Cic. ; excerpere nom-
ina omnium ex.juniorum tabulis, Liv. B. toput
on one side, separate ; de numero, Cic. ; se numero
illoruin, Hor.
excessus -us, m. (excedo), departure, from
life, death; vitae, Cic; e vita, Cic; absol., laeti
excessu principes, Tac.
excetra -ae, f. a snake, Cic. poet.; transf., a
spiteful woman, Liv.
excidium -ii, n. (exclndo = exscindo); de-
struction, annihilation ; a, of places, Libyae,
Verg. ; excidia urbium rehctarnm, Liv. ; b, of
persons, excidiuin meorum, Verg. ; legionum,
Tac. »
1. excldo -cldi, 3. (ex and cado), to Jail out,
fall down. I. Lit., A. Gen., sol excidisse mihi
e mundo videtnr, Cic. ; gladii de nianibus ex-
ciderunt; poet., vinclis excides, escape, Verg.
B. Esp., 1, of a lot, to fall out; ut cuiusquc
sors exciderat, Liv.; 2, to fall out, be. lost; lit-
teras excidisse in via, Cic II. Transf., A.
Gen., ut quodammodo victoria e inanihus ex-
cideret, slipped out, Cic; in vitium libertae ex-
cidit, Hor. B. Esp., 1, to slip out unawares,
escape; verbuni ex ore alicuius or alicni, Cic;
libellus me imprudente et invito excidit, Cic ;
2, to vanish, disappear, pass away; a, vultus,
oratio, mens denique excidit, Cic. ; excidit ilia
lnetu, lost consciousness, Ov. ; b, esp., to past
exe
203
away from memory or thought, be forgotten ; Car-
thaginem excidisse de memoria, Liv rcmen
tuuin mm excidit, Ov.; cogitatio lnih: non
excidit, Cic. ; 3, to fail ; magnis excidit ausis,
2. excldc -cidi -cisum, 3. (ex and jaedo), to
nit out. I. Lit., A. Gen., lapides e terra, Cic. ;
arbor excisa, non evulsa, Cic. B. Esp., a, to
hew out, excavate; saxnm, Cic; b, to destroy
of places, portas, /urce open, Caes. ; domos, Cic ;
of persons,- to annihilate; Sugambros, Tac. II.
Transf., to root out,- banish ; illud tristissimum
tempns ex anno, Cic; causas bellorum, Tac.
excieo -clvi -cltum, 2. and (gen.) excio
•civi and -ch -citam, 4. to call forth, summon out.
1. Oi persons, A. Lit., 1, gen., ea res ab statMs
excivit Mettium, Liv. ; artifices e Graecia, Liv. ;
annnas imi.s sepulcris, Verg. ; 2, esp., to sum-
mon to help; Romanos ad auxilium urbis ob-
sessae, Liv. ; auxilia e Gerraania, Tac. B.
Transf., 1, to provoke; hostem ad dimicandum
acie, Liv.; 2, with or without somno or esomno,
to arouse, awake, Liv., Sail. ; 3, to frighten,
alarm; conscientia lnentem excitam vastabat,
Sail. II. Of things, 1, to call forth, excite, pro-
duce; tumnltum in portis, Liv. ; timorem, Liv.;
2, to shake; pulsuque pedum t remit exeita
• tellus, \erg.
excipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ex and capio). I.
to take out. A. Lit., aliquem e mari, Cic. B.
Transf., a, to except; hosce homines excipio et
secerno Cic ; excipere aliquem or excipi, foil.
by ue, Cic; non excipi quominus, Cic. ; b to
make a condition, state expressly; lex exciperet
nt, etc., Cic. II. to take up, catch up. A. Of
things, 1, sanguinem patera, Cic; 2, to catch
vp. by listening, to listen, overhear, Cic. ; 3 a to
remve; vulnera, Cic; b, to undertake; labores
inagnos, Cic; c, to suffer, endure; omnem diu
colluctam vim improborum, Cic. B. Of per-
sons, 1, to catch; nioribundum, Liv.; se pedibns
or m ]iedes, to spring to the ground, Liv. ; 2 to
cafcfc(in a hostile manner); a, lit., servos' in
pabulatione, Caes. ; b, transf., to snatch at ; vol-
untates hominnm, Cic. III. to receive. A. Lit.,
1, excipi ab omnibus clamore, Cic. ; 2, to enter-
tain; aliquem, Cic; 3, of places, illam (patriam)
ubi excepti moras, Cic; 4, to attack; a. Orestes
exeipit lncautnm, Verg. ; b, to wound; aliquem
in latus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to hear, receive;
motus futures, Verg. ; assensu populi excepta
vox, Liv.; 2, to await; qui qnosque eventus
exciperent, Caes. ; 3, to follow, succeed; ora-
tionem Tulln exeeperunt preces multitudes
Liv.; Heiculis vitam immortalitas exeipit Cic ■
hunc exeipit Labienus, spealcs next, Caes. ; 4 to
continue, prolong ; memoriam viri, Cic. ; 5 poet
to he towards; porticus exeipit Arcton, Hor.
excisio -onis(excido), destruction; tectorum
Cic. ; urbium, Cic. '
excitatus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (from excito), lively, animated, vigorous,
loud ; soims, Cic ; clamor, Liv.
excito, 1. I. to rouse forth. A. Of living
creatures, 1, feras, Cic; 2, to call forth by
shouting, to summon; clamore excitatum presid-
ium Romanorum, Liv. ; aliquem a mortuis or
' , ..u'ri"*' ClC " B ' Transf - of m »S*, alicui
emonain caram, to renew, Cic. II. to rouse
. 1(li ,h;,!t P ers ? ns . 1» a, lit., universi rursus
lirooulerimt, tandem excitati curia excesserunt,
..',',•„; ;' tr . a,lsf -> i *° console, raise up; animum
aimcijacentein Cic ; afflictos, Cic. ; 2, to sum-
mon ; tmrios. Liv. ; recitatores, lectores, Cic. ;
vcsies, Lie. ; j y a> to arouse from sleep; aliquem
esomno or somno, Cic; b, to arouse animate ;
trepido mintio excitatus, Liv. ; aliquem ad lab-
or™ et laudem, Cic B. Of things, 1, to raise,
exc
erect; tutt*^ Caes.; sepulcrum, Cic. ; transf.
excitatafortuna,/at. «rafe, Cic ; 2, of a fire
tokindU, inflame ; ignem, Caes. ; mcendW
,V,n" 'n-' a >' P rov °}e, produce, call forth; plans-
um, Cic; fletum alicui, Cic; b, to provoke
muse; amores, Cic; indomitas iras, Verg.
exclamatio -onis, f. (exclamo), in rhet., an
exclamation, Cic. '
exclamo, l. I.hitrauxiL;toshout,crualoud-
in stadio cursores exclamant quain maxime pos-
sum, Cic; contiones saepe. exclamare vidi,
quum apte verba oonoidissent,Cie. II. Transit
1, to shout out, call aloud by name ; Ciceronem'
ap. Cic; 2, to shout out; nilii libet exclam-
are ; pro Deum, etc, Cic ; witl objective clause,
quum magna voce exclamasset .it, etc., Liv.
excludo -clusi -clusum, (ex ind claudo), 3.
I. to shut out, exclude. A. Lit., a, of persons,
aliquem a domo sua, Cic. ; aliquem moenibus
Cic ; ejicere nos magnum fait, excludere facile
Cic; b, of a place, to cut off, separate; locum,
* B * transf., a, to exclude; ab hereditate
paterna, Cic; hispraemiis et honoribus, Cic :
D, to remove; aliquem a republica, Cic. ; c to
prevent, hinder; Romanos ab re frunventarfa
shut off, Caes. II. of birds, to hatch; pullos
suos in nido, Cic.
exclusio -dnis, f. (excludo), a shutting out
exclusion, Ter. . "'
excogitatio -onis, f. (6xcogito),acon«riiu,i<7,
devising; ilia vis quae tandem est, quae in vestigat
occulta, quae mraitio atque excogitatio dicitur
Cic '
excogito, 1. to scheme, devise, contrive, in-
vent ; linia quaedam genera furandi, Cic ; with
dat. of gerund, or ad witli ace (to express the
object of the invention), alia tuendis urbibus
excogitata Cic; excogitare multa ad avaritiam,
Cues. ; with rulat, sentence, excogitat, sane acute
quid decern.it, Cic; absol., ad haec igitur cogita,
mi Attice, vel potius excogita, Cic.
excolo -cOlui -cultnm. 3. A. Lit., to tend or
cultmde carefully; arva, Mart. ; lanas rudes, to
S V V B * ^ nsf - a > i0 ad0 ™> P°^K en-
noble refine; Tuditanus oinni vita atque vWu
S^,S" : a "i""^doctrin a , Cic ; vitam per
»=t ™- J, PJ g> 5. ?' t0 serve > honour; quaequetu,
est pietas, ut te non excolat ipsum, Ov.
excoquo -coxi -coctura, 3. to boil down ; 1
to melt down, refine ; vitium metallis, Ov. ; omne
per ignes vitium, Verg. ; 2, to bake, make hard;
tcrram sol excoquifc, Lucr. •■
excors -cordis (ex and cor), foolish, silly,
without intelligence; anus, Cic. ; hoc qui non
videt, excors est, Hor.
excrementum -i, n. (excerno), excrement :
oris, spittle, Tac. ; narium, Tac.
excresco -crevi -cretum, 3. to grow up
spring up; in hos artus, in haec corpora,' quae
miramur, excrescunt, Tac
excretus -a -urn, partic. of excerno or of
excresco.
excriiclabilis -e (excrucio), deserving or
torture, Plaut.
excrticio, 1. to torture, torment trceedingh/.
A. Lit., servos fame vinculisque, Caes.; excrii-
ciare aliquem vinculis ac verberibus atoue oinni
suppheio, Cic B. Transf., a, of physical pain,
fumo excruciatus, Cic; b, of mental torture!
meae me miseriae magis excruciant quam tuao.
Cic. '
exciibiae -arum, f. (excubo). A* Lit,, a
o' 1 !"? watcll -< keeping guard; o excubias tuas •
o nebiles vigilins, Cic; excubias ogcre alioui, to
keep watch over, Tac ; of animal*, e.xoubiae
vigiluin caiiuni, Hor.; poet., excubiae divuw
6X0
204
6X6
fleternae, rte everlasting fire, Verg. B. Meton.,
the persons who keep watch, watchmen, guard,
Cfc.
excubltor -oris, m. (excubo) a sentinel,
watchman, guard, Caes. ; of birds, excubitor ales,
the cock, Verg.
excubo -bili -bitum, 1, to Ke, or sleep owt of
doors. L Gen., in agris, Cic Ii. to stand sen-
tinel, keep watch. A, Lit., in armis.Caes. ; pro
castris, Caes. ; ad portum, Caes. B. Transf.,
a, Cupido excubat in genis, Hor. ; b, to be
watchful, vigilant; excubabo vigilaboque pro
vobis, Cic.
exoudo -cudi' -cusum, 3. I. A. Lit., to
strike out; scinrillam siliei, Verg. B. Trausf.,
to hatch ; pullos ex ovis, Cic. II. to make ready
by striking. A. to hammer, forge ; spirantia
mollius aera, Verg. ; of bee9, to mould ; recentes
ceras, Verg. B. Transf., to compose (of writing),
aliquid, Cic.
cxculco, 1. (ex and calco), to trample firm,
tread hard, stamp firm ; singuli ab infimo solo
pedes terra exculcabantur, Cic.
excurro -cficurri and -curri -cursum, 3. I.
to run out, hasten forth. A. Gen., 1, lit., ex-
ourrat aliquis (sc. domo), Cic. ; 2, transf.,
quorum animi Bpretis corporibus evolant atque
excurrunt foras, Cic. ; campus in quo excunere
virtus possit, show itself, Cic. B. Esp. 1, milit.
t.t., to attack, make a sortie; omnibus portis,
Liv. ; ex Africa, Cic. ; 2, transf., to make a di-
gression; longius, Cic. II. of places, to run out,
to project; promontorium in altum excuiTens,
Liv. ; productiora alia et quasi immoderatius
excurrentia, Cic.
encurslo -onis, f. (excurro), 1, o stepping
orward (of an orator), excursio moderata eaque
rare, Cic. ; 2, an attack, assault, sally ; excursi-
oneni facere ex oppido, Caes. ; excursiones et
latrocinla hostiuin, Cic. ; flg., prima excursio
orationis, Cic.
excursor -oris, m. (excnrro), a scout, skir-
misher, Cic.
excursus -us, m. (excurro), 1, a running
_:- ih ; excursusque breves tentaut (of bees),
*Verg. ; 2, milit. t.t., an attack, sally, assault;
excursus militum, Caes.
exousabllls -e (excuso), excusable, deserving
of excuse; delicti pars, Ov.
exousatio -onis (excuso). I. an excuse ; 1,
gen., with subject, genit., Pompeii, Cic. ; with
object, genit., peccati, Cic. ; exc.usationem ex-
cipere, Cic. ; stultitia excusationem non habet,
finds no excuse, Cic. ; excusationem probare, Cic. ;
justa et idonea uti excusatione intermissionis
litt«ranim, Cic; plur., grounds of excuse; nullae
istae excusationes sunt, Cic. ; 2, esp., refusal,
declining; excusatio Serv. Sulpicii legationis,
Cic. II. plea, defence ; excusationem oculorum
accipere, Cic. ; excusatione uti temporis or vale-
tudinis, to allege in excuse, Cic.
excuso, 1. (ex and causa). I. to excuse; se
apud aliquem or se alieui, Cic. ; se de aliqua re,
Caes. ; tarditatcm litterarum, Cic. ; excusare
aliquem or se quod, etc., Cic. ; si I.ysiades excu-
setur Areopagites esse, is excused on the ground
that he is etc., Cic. II. to allege in excuse, to
plead; 1, morbum, Cic; valctudinem, aetatem,
Liv. ; 2, to decline ; reflex., se excusare or pass.,
excnsari with abl., to- be excused from, relieved
from a duty, etc, Tac.
excilSSUS -a .urn, partic. of excutio.
excutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (ex and quatio).
T. to shake out, strike out, throw out, drive out. A*
Gen., 1, lit., ancoram e nave, Liv.; litteras in
teTam, Cic. ; 2, transf., to remove, drive away ;
instrun de corde, Ov. ; »licuius voces, to pay no
■more heed to, Verg. B. Esp., 1, to tear a-Way 1
agiuun ore lupi, Ov. ; transf., studia de mani-
bus, C.c; 2, a, of weapons, to shoot ; glandcm.
Liv. ; •: „ to throw (of a horse, etc.), cquus ex-
cussil ccuitem, Liv.; c, to d rive away ; aliquem
patriii, \crg. ; 3, to press wit ; sudorem, Nep. ;
transf., risuiu, to force, IJor. ; 4, to destroy,
make void; foedus, Verg. ; 5, somno excuti, to
be disturbed from sleep, Verg. ; G, to spread out ;
brachia, Ov. II, to shake violently. A. eaesar-
iem, Ov. B. 1, to search, examine (by shaking a
person's garments), non excutio te, si quid forte
ferri habuisti, Cic; 2, to test, examine, weigh;
omtifs eorum delicias, omnes ineptias, Cic.
exec ... v. exsec
exedo -edi -esum, 3. to eat wp, devour,
consume. I. Lit., Plaut. II, to consume, destroy,
e9p. of the action of time, rust, etc. ; a, lit.,
exesis posteriorlbus partibus versiculorum, Cic. ;
b, transf., of the mind, to wear away, eat into,
exhaust; aegritudo exest animum, Cic.
exedra -ae, f. (efv'Spa), a room, or hall for
conversation or debate, Cic
exedrium -ii, n. (i£e$piov), a sitting-room,
Cic.
exemplar -aris, n. (exemplare -is, n.,
Lucr.). I. A. a coji.y, trajxscript, Cic. B. a pat-
tern, model, exemplar, example, Cic II. animage,
likeness, Cic.
exemplar's -e (exemplum), serving as a
copy. Subst., exemplares, copies; omnium
litteravuru, Tac.
exemplum -ii, n. (for exempuluin, rom
eximo, ong. something chosen from a -number of
the same kind). I. something similar ; l,aenj>y,
transcript; Caesaris litterarum exemplum tibi
inisi, Cic. ; 2, manner, fashion ; quaestionom
liaberi eodem exeniplo quo M. Pomponins praetor
habttisset, Liv. II. something to be imitated.
A. Artistically, an original, pattern ; in mutuiu
simulacrum ab animali exeniplo transfertur,
Cic. B. Morally, 1, a copy, mode! ; exemplum
innocentiae, pudficitiae, Cic. ; exemplum eupeie
or petere ab aliquo, Cic. ; 2, an example to be
imitated or avoided; aliquid aliorum exemplo
institutoque facere, Cic. ; plus exeniplo quam
peccato nocent, Cic. ; 3, a warning and deter-
ring example, exemplary punishment ; exemplum
severitatis edere, Cic. ; exemplum statuere in
aliquem or in aliquo, Cic III. that which
illustrates or explains, instance, exavple, proof;
magna exenipJa casuum liumanorum, liv. ; ex-
empli causa, or gratia, or in exemplum, for
example, Cic.
exemptus a -um, partic of eximo.
exeo -ii (-iv») -Itum, 4. I. Intransit., to go
out, go away, go forth. A. Lit., 1, ex urbe, Cic;
ali urbe, Liv.; de triclinio, Cic; domo, Cic- ; 2,
of things, a, of lots, quuin de consularibus niea
prima sors exisset, Cic. ; b, to spring up, sprout
forth ; de stamine panipinus exit, Ov. ; c. to
rise in the air, ascend; cunibus auras in aetfier-
ias, Verg. B. Transf., 1, gen., de or e vita, to ate,
Cic; e patriciis, to lose one's rank as a patrician,
Cic. ; exisse ex or de potestate (mentis), to lose
control over oneself, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to come out
of; aere alieno, Cic; b, to become known ; exit
oratio, Cic. ; c, of time, to come to an end, pass
away; quinto anno exeunte, Cic. II. Transit.,
1, to pass over, beyond; Avemas valles, Ov. ;
transf., mod urn, Ov. ; 2, to ward off; vim viribus,
Verg.
exoq ... v. ex-seq . . .
exerceo -i"ii -itum, 2. (ex and ARC-eo), to work
thoroughly, fatigue, weary. I. Lit., a, equos
aequore carnpi, to exercise, Verg. ; irulomitas
qualis undas exercet Auster, Hor. ; b, to occupy,
exe
205
exi
employ the limbs in work; assiduis brachia telis,
Ov. ; c, of slaves, animals, etc., to employ in
vork; iamulas ad lumina longo penso, Verg. ;
d, to work hard at ; solum presso sub vomere, to
cultivate diligently, Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen.,
to harass, trouble; meos casus in quibus me
fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic. ; exerceri
poenis, Verg. B. to occupy in some activity, to
exercise, practise; a, of the body, hoc vocem et
vires suas, Cic. ; milit. t. t., to exercise in arms,
drill ; copias, Caes. ; reflex., se exercere and
middle exerceri, to practise, exercise; of athletes,
sc in curriculo, Cic; b, of the mind, memoriam,
Cic. ; adolescentes ad copiam rhetoruin, Cic. ;
reflex., se exercere, or middle, exerceri, to prac-
tise; se quotidiauis commentationibus acerrime,
Cic. C. to make use o/an instrument or weapon,
to employ, use ; 1, gen., a, arma, Verg. ; diem, to
do one's day's work, Verg. ; b, of politics, to use,
practise; facilitatem et lenitudmem animi in
aliquo, Cic. ; graves inimicitias cum aliquo, Sail. ;
libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. ; 2, esp.,
a, of land, to cidtivate ; praedia rustica, Liv. ;
of mines, to work; metalla auri atque argenti,
Liv.; b, to practise an art, etc., medicinam, Cic;
C, legal t. t., (a) to preside over, to conduct; qui
exercet judicium, Cic. ; quaestionem in ter sicarios,
Cic; (0) vectigalia, to manage, Cic ; (y) to bring a
law into execution; legem confestius exerceri, Liv.
exercitatio -onis, f. (exercito), practise, ex-
ercise ; a, of the body, corpora nostra motu
atque exercitatioue recalescunt, Cic ; b, of the
mind, with genit., dicendi, Cic. ; juris civilis,
Cic. ;~Cj practice; virtutis, scelerum, Cic.
exercitatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superl. (from exercito), 1, busied; agris
subigeudis, Cic. ; 2, practised, exercised ; a, of
the body, homines in annis exercitati, Cic. ;
exercitatus in uxoribus necandis, Cic. ; b, of
the mind, in arithmeticis satis exercitatus, Cic.
II. troubled, harassed ; Syrtes exereitatae Noto,
Hor. ; curis agitatus et exercitatus animus, Cic.
exercitium -ii, n. (exerceo), practice, exer-
cise; equitum, Tac.
exercito, 1. (intens. of exerceo), to practise,
Varr.
1. exercitus -a -um, p. adj. (exerceo), 1,
trained, schooled ; militii, bello, Tac. ; 2, severe,
vexatious, Tac; 3, tried, harassed, Cic.
2. exerdtUS -us, m. (exerceo), a, a trained
body of soldiers, army; exercitus terrestris,-
navalis, Liv. ; ducere exercitum, Cic. ; con-
scribere, Cic. ; parare or comparare, Cic. ; con-
iicere, Cic. ; cogere, Caes. ; repente conflare,
Cic. ; paucis diebus facere, Cic. ; accipere, Cic. ;
exercitus alere, Cic. ; exercitum ex castris educ-
ere, Caes. ; exercitum exponere, put on ship,
Caes.; esp., the infantry; exercitus equitatus-
que, Caes., Liv. ; his omnibus diebus exercitum
castris continuit, equestri proelio quotidie cou-
tendit, Caes.; b, poet., crowd, swarm; corv-
orum, Verg.
exesor -oris, m. (exedo), one who gnaws or
eats away, Lucr.
exhalatlo -onis, f. (exhalo), an exhalation,
ixipour ; exhalationes terrae, Cic.
exhalo, 1. I. Transit., to exhale, emit vapour,
a ? of things, uebulam, Verg. ; odores, Lucr. ; b,
ot persons, vitam, Verg. ; animam, Ov.; crapulam
or vinum, Cic. II. Intransit., to breathe forth,
Ov.
exhaurfo -hausi -haustum, 4. I. to draw
out. A. 1, of fluids, sentinam, Cic; 2, gen.,
to take out ; terrain manibus, Caes. ; omuem
pecuniam ex aerario, Cic. B. Transf., to take
away; partem ex tuis 'audibus, Cic. II. to empty
out. A. Jjit., fossas cloacasque, Liv, ; puteos,
poculum, vinum, to empty by drinking, Cic.;
aerarium, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to exhaust, im-
poverish; facultates patriae, Cic; homines, Cic.;
2, to weaken, exhaust ; sermo hoininum ex-
haustus est, Cic. ; 3, to bring to an end, com-
plete; mamlata, Cic; 4, to endure, suffer;
labores, Liv.
exheredo, 1. (exheres), to disinherit; ali-
quem, Cic
exheres -edis, disinherited; with genit.,
paternoruni bonorum exheres, Cic.
exhibe o -hibiii -hibitum, 2. (ex and habco).
I. Gen., a, to produce, bring forth; esp., to pro-
duce iua court of justice ; pupillum, fratres, Cic. ;
to produce for proof, etc, exhibe librarium illud
legtlin vestrarum, Cic. ; b, to luind over, deliver;
omnia alicui intcgra, Cic. II. 1, to shoiv,
display, exhibit; a, dea formam removit auilem
Palladaquc exhibuit, Ov. ; b, i>opulo Romano
philosophiam, set forth, present, Cic. ; 2, to
make, to cause; alicui ncgotium, to cause trouble,
Cic. ; so alicui molestiam, Cic. ; 3, to grant,
allow; toros, Ov. ; exhibe liberam contionem
vel Argis vel Lacedaemone, Liv.
exhfiaro, 1. to make cheerful ; miraris tarn
exhilaratain esse servitutem nostram, Cic
exhorresco -horrui, 3. I. Intransit., to
shudder exceedingly, be terrified ; aequoris instar,
Ov. ; metu, Cic. ; in aliquo, Cic II. Transit,
to tremble at, to dread; vultus, Verg.
exhortatlo -onis, f. (exhortor), exhortation,
encouragement ; ducum, Tac.
exhortor, 1. dep., to exhort, encourage;
natum, Verg.; foil, by ut and the subj., Tac.
exlgo -egi -actum, 3. (ex and ago). L to
drive out, drive away. A. Lit., 1, of living
beings, reges ex civitate, Cic. ; servam e nioii-
tibus, Liv. ; 2, of things, a, sacer admissas
exigit Hebrus aquas, pours into tlie sea, Ov.; b,
agrorum fructus, to sell, Liv. B. Transf., otium,
to banish, Hor. II. to drive in, to thrust; enscm
per juvenem, Verg. III. to complete, finish;
a, monumentum aere pereunius, Hor. ; opus,
Ov.; b, of time, to spend, pass; exacto per
scelera die, Tac; to complete, bring to an end;
exactis mensibus, Verg. ; exacta aetate, at live
end of life, Cic. IV. to exact, demand. A. Lit.,
a, of money, pecuuias, Cic ; vectigalia, Cic. ;
b, of work, aedes privates velnt publicum opus,
superintend the execution of, Liv. ; esp., (a.) to
require the building or making of something;
viam, Cic ; (fi) to make a requisition or demand
for something ; equitum peditumque certum
numerum a civitatibus, Caes. B. Trausf., to
demand, require; jusjurandum, Liv.; veritatem
a teste, Cic. ; promissuin ab aliquo, Cic V. to
measure, weigh, examine. A. Lit., columnas
ad perpendiculum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, ad illain
summain veritatem legitimum jus, Cic. ; 2, to
consider, reflect upon ; tempus secum ipsa opus-
que exigit, Verg. ; non satis exactum quid again,
not certain, Cic.
exlgiie.adv. (exiguus), 1, sparingly, scantily,
scarcely ; frumentum exigue dieiaim xxx habere,
Caes. ; nimis exigue et exiliter ad calculos re-
vocare amicitiam, too narrowly, Cic. ; 2, briefly;
exigue scripta est (epistola), Cic
exigultas -atis, f. (exiguus), 1, of space,
smallness ; castroruni, Caes. ; 2, of number,
paucity; copiarum, Cic; 3, of time, shortness;
ut teniporis exiguitas postulabat, Caes.
exlgilus -a -um (exigo), small, little, scanty.
I. Of quantity, A. Of space, simiII, little ; castra,
Caes.; pars terrae, Cic; ueut. subst, exlgti-
um -i, n. smallness ; spatii, Liv. B. Of number,
scanty, small ; Humerus oiatorum, Cic C. Of
time, short, scanty; vita, Cic. II. Of quality,
exi
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eso
1, thin, meagre; corims, Nep. ; 2, sparing,
scanty; toga, Hor. ; laus, Cio. ; 3, of strength,
weak ; vires, Verg. ; vox, Ov.
exilis -e (for exiglis, from exigo), little, thin,
slender, meagre, poor; 1, of number, legiones,
weak, not of their proper number, Cic. ; 2, of
quality, a, thin, slender, meagre; cor, Cic.;
femur, Hor. ; b, of discourse, meagre, dry ;
genus sermonis, Cic. ; c, poor, insignificant,
scanty; solum, Cic; doimis, Hor.
exilitas -atis, f. (exilis), thinness, meagre-
ness, weakness ; in dicendo, Cic.
exiliter, adv. (oxilis), thinly, poorly, med-
grely ; a, sparingly, parsimoniously ; nimis ex-
igue et exiliter ad caleulos revocare amicitium,
Cic; b, uninterestingly; annates Bane exiliter
descripn. Cic; c, of strength, weakly; nolo
vorba exiliter exanimata exire, Cic
eximle, adv. (eximius), uncommonly, extra-
ordinarily, extremely; diligcre, Cic; tern plum
cxijnie ornaturn, Liv.
eximius -a -um (eximo). I. excepted; tu
unus eximius eo, in quo hoc praeeipuum ac
singulars valeat, Liv. ; te illi unum eximium
cui consuleret fuisse, Cic. II. exceptional, dis-
tinguished, extraordinary, uncommon ; facics, in-
genium, spes, Cic; ironic, istac vestrae eximiae
pulchraeque virtutes, Cic.
eximo -end -emptum, 3. (ex and eino), to
take out, tuke away. I. Lit., unam spinani de
pluribus, Hor.; aliquid tamquam e vincnlis
alicuius rei, Cic. II. Transf., to tuke away;
1, a, aliquid ex rerum natura, Cic; unum diem
ex mense, Cic. ; moram certaminis hosti, Liv. ;
b, of time, to deity, procrastinate, waste; diem
dicendo, Cic. ; c, of persons, aliquem ex or de
rei's, Cic; 2, to take away from some, evil; a,
aliquid de, to free from ; agrum de vectigalibusj
Cic; b, aliquid alicui, to take something away
from; alicui curas, Ov. ; c, of persons, aliquem
ex with the abl., or with the abl. alone, to free
from; aliquem ex culpa, Cic; aliquem alicui
rei, to take away from; aliquem vitae, Tac. ;
Syracusas in libertatem, to free, Liv. ; d, to ex-
>*l t ; aliquem, Cic.
exin = exinde (q.v.).
cxinanio -ivi -itum, 4. to empty; navem,
Cic. ; agros, gentes, to plunder, Cic.
• exinde (exin), adv. I. Of place, from there,
thence, thereupon, next; mari finitimus aer, Cic.
II. Of time, 1, thereupon, after that, then, Cic. ;
2, in the enumeration of a series of fa,cts, then,
next, Verg., Liv.
existimatio -6ms, f. (existimo). I. the
opinion, l that a man has of a thing or person,
judgment; non militis tie impemtore existima-
tionem esse, Liv. II. the opinion that other
persons have of a man, esp. morally, reputation,
good name, honour, character; bona, integra,
magna, Cic. ; alicuius existimationem oft'endere
or oppugnare, Cic ; venisse in earn existimat-
ionem, Cic.
existimator -oris, m. (existimo), one who
forms or gives on opinion, a critic, Cic.
existimo (exaestumo, existumo), i.
to judge a thing according to its value. I. to con-
tider, hold, regard, estecm,deem; with predic ace,
existumare aliquem avarum, Cic ; aliquem sap-
ientem et appellare et existumare, Cic ; in pass.,
homo, ut existimabatur, avarns et furax ; with
in and the abl., in hostium numero existimari,
Cic. II. Transf., A. to think, be of opinion, hold ;
with ace. and infin., non possum existiuiare plut,
quemquam a se ipso qnam me a te amari, Cic. ;
Africano vim attuhsse existimatus est, Cic;
With pronoun ace. quod ego nullo inodo exo-
timo ; iinpers., ita intelligimus vulgo existi-
mari, Cic B. to judge, decide, ]mss judgment ;
esp. of critical .judgment on literary works,
with de and the abl., de scriptoribus, qui
noudtun ediderunt, existimare non possumus,
Cic; bene or male de aliquo, Cic; with rei.
sent., existimari non potest, vix existimari
potest utrum . . . an, etc, Caes., Liv.; absol.
partic. subst., existimantes -ium, m. tin-
critics, Cic
exitiabilis -e (exitium), deadly, destructive;
bellum, Cic ; tyrannus, Liv.
cxitialis -e (exitium), destructive, fatal,
deadly ; exitus, Cic ; donum Mincrvae, Verg.
exitiosus -a -win, adj. with compar. ami
super!, (exitium), destructive, fatal, deadly ; con-
juratio, Cic. ; exitiosum esse reipublicae, Cic.
exitium -li, n. (exeo, lit., a going out or
away), destruction, ruin ; 1, lit., huius urbis,
Cic. ; exitio esse alicui, to be fatal to, Cic -f omnia
exitia publica, Cic ; 2, meton., the cause of de-
struction, Hor.
exitus -us, m. (exeo), a going out, a going
forth. I. A. Lit., reditum mihi gloriosum in-
juria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosuin, Cic. ;
onmi exitu etpabulatione. interclusi, Caes. ; with
ab, ne exitus inclusis ab urbe esset, Liv. E.
| Meton., a place' of going out, exit ; quod (posticuni)
I v.i'vium maximi atque occult issimi exitus erat,
Liv. II. Transf., A. Gen., quae plurimos exitus
dant ad eiusmodi digressionem, opportunities for
digression, Cic B. Esp., 1, the end; adducta
ad exitum quaestio est, Cic. ; hie fuit exitus
oppugnationis, Caes. ; tristes exitus habeic, Cic. ;
esp., a, of a tragedy, the catastrophe; ut tiagici
poctae, qumn explicare arguimiiti exitum non
potest is, Cic; b, theeudoflife; humamis, Cic. ;
2, the result, consequence ; disceptatio sine exitu
fuit, Liv. ; 3, issue, result ; evciitns atque exitus
rerum, Cic ; exitus futuri temporis, Hor.
exlcx -legis, lawless, bound by no law; cx^
legem esse SuUam, Cic.
cxmoveo = emoveo (q.v.).
exodium -ii, n. (*' jdSior), a cdmii afterpiece,
Liv., Juv.
exolesco -levi -letum, 3. I. to grow to full
size; only in pert', partic, exoletus, I'laut. II.
to pass kiwi/ from use, be out of date, obsolete; ne
vetustissima Italiae disciplina perdesidiam exu-
lesceret, Tac. ; exoletuin jam vetustate odium,
Liv.
exoletus -a -um, partic of exolesco.
exonero, 1. A.'Lit., to unload, disbunlen ;
a, Plant. ; plenas colos, to spin off, Ov. ; b, to
remove, send away; multitudinem in proximas
t "as. Tac B. Transf., to free, release, relieve;
civitatem metu, Liv.; regtium praegravaute
niultitudine, Liv.
exoptatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superl.(exopto), desired, wished for ; nuutius,
Cic. ; nihil exoptatius adventu meo, Cic ; exop-
tatissima gratulatio, Cic.
exopto, 1. to desire eagerly, earnestly wish
for; cxopt.ire ea maxime, Cic; Samnitium ad-
ventum, Liv. ; tibi pestem exoptant, wish ?/"»,
Cic ; with intin., Cic. ; with ut and the subj., Cic.
exorabilis -e, adj. with compar. (exoro),
easily entreated, placable, Cic, Hor.
,-xordior -orsus sum, 4. dep., 1. to l"i a
warp, b'gin to weave; fig., pertexe quod exorcus
es, Cic. ; 2, to begin; bellum ab causa tam ne-
fanda, Liv. ; without ace, of orators, to begin ;
ab ipsa re, Cic; with infin., dicer?, Cic. Partic.
subi-t., oxoraa -orum, n. thz beginning, Cic.
y>idiurn -n, n. Cexordior). 1, the «,arp
exo
207
exp
of a web, Quint. ; 2, a, the beginning ; vitae,
Cic; plur., revocare exordia prima pugnae,Verg. ;
b, esp., the beginning of a speech; in dicendi ex-
ordio pernio veri, Cic. ; as a part of a speech, the
introduction, Cic.
exorlor -ortus sum -oriri, dep. 3. and 4. L
to rise, rise up. A. Lit., oinnes exorti, sprang
up, Liv. ; esp. of the sun, moon, and stars; post
solstitium Canicula exoritur, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, to appear, step forward, make one's appearance ;
repentinus Sulla nobis exoritur, Cic. ; exortus
est servus, us an, accuser, Cic. ; of abstractions,
exoritur Antipatri ratio ex altera parte, Cic. ;
2, to rise upfront a misfortune, breathe again; ego
nunc paulum exorior, Cic. II. to arise, proceed,
take rise. A. exoritur ingeus per litora flatus,
Verg. B. Transf., 1. exoritur fania alicuius rei
or de aliqua re; with accus. and intin., Lucr. ;
2, to proceed from; honestuui quod ex virtutibus
exoritur, Cic.
exornatlo -Snis, f. (exorno), adorning, orna-
ment. A. Lit., Cic. B. embellishment of a speech,
Cic.
exornator -oris, m. (exorno), one wlio
adorns, an embellislier ; ceteri non exornatores
reruui, sed tautummodo narratores fuerunt, Cic.
exorno, 1. to furnish with, provide plenti-
fully, 1, viciuitatem armis, Sail. ; 2, to orna-
ment, adorn; a, lit., domuin, Cic; triclinium,
Cic. ; b, transf., Cic. ; Graeciam praestantissi-
mis artibus, Cic. ; philosophiam falsa gloria ; of
speech, orationem, Cic.
exdro, 1. I. to entreat earnestly, obtain by
entreaty, prevail upon; exora supplies prcce deos,
Ov. ; exorare pacem divum, Verg. ; with ut and
the subj., denique exoravit tyraunum ut abire
liceret, Cic. II. to propitiate, move; cannina
exorant deos, Ov. ; exorare aliquem or exorari
foil, byutor ne and the subj., Cic. ; non exo-
rari by quin, Cic. ; absol., viri non esse neque
exorari neque placari, Cic.
1. exorsus -a -urn, partic. of exordior.
2. exorsus -iis, in. (exordior), a beginning;
orationis meae, Cic.
exos -ossis, without bones, Lucr.'
exosculor, 1., dep., to kiss fretpxently ; ali-
cuius nianuni, Tac.
exosso, 1. (exos), to bone, take out the bones,
Ter. ; exossatum pectus, boneless, flexible, Lucr.
exostra -ae, f. (<! juJo-Tp&), atheatrical machine,
by which the inside of a house was revealed to the
spectators, Cic.
exosus -a -um (ex and odi), hating exceed-
ingly; exosus Trojanos, Verg.; templa oculos
exosa viriles, Ov.
cxoticus -a -tun (e jumjeds), foreign, outland-
ish, exotic, Plaut.
expallesco -lili, 3. to become very pale, to
grow white; toto ore, Ov. ; poet., with ace,
Pindarici fontis haustus, to dread, Hor.
expando -pausi -pansum and -passum, 3. to
stretch out, expand, spread out. A. Lit., expassao
ilelubri fores, opened, Tac. B. Transf., to ex-
plain; rerum naturam dictis, Lucr.
expatro, 1. to squander, Cat.
expaveaco -pavi, 3. to be exceedingly terri-
fied; ad id, Liv.; with ace, ensem, to dread
exceedingly, Hor.
expedlo -ivi and -li -ftum, 4. (ex and pes).
I. to disengage, dUentangle, set free. A. Lit., se
ex laqueo, Cic. B. Transf., to free, help out,
bring off; se ab omni occupatione, Cig. ; a,
Claudias minus per acuta belli, lead successfully,
Eir. ; j^culxua traiio Uaem^'j throw, Hor. ; b,
to day^rcn., se&le, execute; negotia, Cic. : fein
frumentariam, Caes. ; c, to explain, show; cm-
neni expediat morbi causam, Verg. ; priusquam
huiusmodi rei iuitium expediam, Sail. ; ea de re
quam verissime expediam, Tac. II. A. to
bring forth, provide ; 1, lit., virgas, Cic. ; Cer-
erein canistris, Verg. ; 2, transf., a, milit. 1. 1., to
make ready ; naves or classeni, Caes. ; se ad
pugnani, Liv. ; b, to find out, discover; alicui
vicariuni, Liv. B. res expedit, or impels, ex-
pedit, it is expedient, useful, advantageous ; non
quominus expediat quidquam Caesariad diuturn-
itatem dominationis, Cic. ; with ace. and intin.
or the intin. simply, omnibus bonis expedit
salvam esse rempublicam, Cic. ; with ut and the
subj., Tac.
expedite, adv. with compar. and superl.
(expeditus), 1, quickly; expeditius navigare.
Cic; 2, without difjiculty, easily; explicare, Cic.
expeditlO -5uis, f. (expedlo), an undertak-
ing against an enemy, expedition; inilites ex
hibernis in expeditionem evocare, Sail.; milites
equitesque in expeditionem mittere, Caes. ; in
expeditionem exercitum educere, Cic.
expeditus -a -um, p. adj. (from expedio).
I. unimpeded, unshackled; a, lightly clad ; Clo-
dius, Cic. ; jaculatores, Liv. ; hence, subst.,
expeditus -i, m. a light-armed foot-soldier,
Caes. ; expediti, not burdened with baggage, Liv. ;
b, without obstacles, easy; via, Liv. ; locus, Caes. ;
c, not hindered by obstacles, easy, quick; ad
suos receptus, Caes. ; expedite et facile cuirens
oratio, Cic. ; d, not hindered by business, free ;
ut expeditus in Galliam proticisci posset, Cic ;
e ? ready, prepared; expeditus homo et paratus,
Cic. ; ad dicendum, Cic. ; of soldiers, ready for
fight; copiae, Caes.; copias in expedito habere
ad, etc., Liv. II. disentangled ; a, put in order,
settled; negotia, Cic; b, decisive; Victoria,
Caes.
expello -piili -pulsum, 3. to drive out, away.
I. Of animals, pecus porta Esquilina, Liv. II;
1, to drive away, expel, throw away; a, lit.,
geuis oculos, to tear, Ov. ; b, transf., naturam
furca, Hor. ; 2, to drive forth, thrust forth; a,
lit., ab litore. naves in altum, Liv. ; sagittem
arcu, Ov. ; aliquem aethere toto, Ov. ; (a) esp.
milit. t.t., to drive out ; aliquem ex oppido, Caes.;
Romanos castris, Caes.; (j3) to' drive out of a
house or country, to banish; aliquem domo sua,
Cic. ; patria, Cic. ; ex urbe, Cic. ; aliquem bonis,
from one's property, Cic. ; to drive out kings,
tyrants, etc., aliquem regno, Cic ; (v)esp., to di-
vorce; filiam ex matriinonio, Cic; b, transf.,
(a) aliquem vita, to bring about a person's death,
Cic. ; (jS) to drive away, banish; omnem dubita-
tionem, Caes. ; somnum or quietem, Verg. • .
expendo -pendi -pensum, 3. to weigh. I.
A. Lit., ut jam expendantur non numerentur
pecuniae, Cic. B. Transf., to weigh, examine,
test; expendere atque aestimare voluptates, Cic. ;
testem, Cic II. to weigh out, pay out money,
to pay. A. Lit, auri pondo centum, Cic. ; esp.,
ferre alicui expensum, to put down in, one's ac-
count book a payment to some one else, Cic. B.
Transf, to pay ; poenas scelerum, Verg.
expergefacio -feci -factum, 3. to woke up,
I. Lit., Suet. II. Transf., to rouse, excite: sc,
Cic.
expergiscor -perrectus sum, 8. dep.. to
awake, wake up, rise from sleep. A. Lit., si dor-
mis, expergiscere, Cic. B. Transf., to awake,
rouse oneself; experrecta nobilitas, Cic.
experiens -entis, p. adj. with compar. and
super! (from experior), acting industrious, en-
terprising, experienced in; proinptus homo 6t
experiens, Cic ; with gexut., experiens Uboruro,
Ov-
eseperientja -as, f. (expfcrtor), J, mal, «*-
exp
208
exp
ptrinunt; with genit, patrimonii amplificandi,
Cic. ; 2, the knowledge gained by experiment, ex-
perience ; muUarum rerum experientia cognitus,
Tac.
expSrimentum -i, n. (experior), trial,
exjieriment ; hoc maximum est experiraentum,
Cic. ; Metelloexperimentis cognitum crat genus
Numiilaruin perfidum esse, Sail.
exporter -pertus sum, 4. dep. (ex and root
PER, whence com perio or-perior, peritus, peri-
culuin). I. A. to try, test, prove, put to the ted;
I, gen., alicuius amorem, Cic. ; vim veneni in
servo, Cic; amicos, Cic. ;,2, esp., to try in a
hostile manner, to measure, one's strength with
another; a, in battle, si iterum experiri veliul,
iterum paratum esse decertare, Caes. ; b, in a
court of law, to litigate; cum aliquo, Cic. B.
to try the success of something, to risk, hazard,
make a trial of; 1, gen., experiri id nolent quod
Re assequi posse difHdant, Cic. ; rei even turn
experiri, Caes.; ultima audere atque experiri,
Liv.; with ut and the snhj., experiar certe ut
hinc avolem, Cic. ; 2, esp., experiri jus, to go to
law, Cic: ; experiri judicium populi Romani, to
leave it to the decision of the Roman people, Liv.
II. to experience, find, or know by experience ;
1, omnia quae dico expertus in nobis, Cic. ;
with predic. ace, deos constantes inimic.os, Ov. ;
with ace. and infill., jam antea expertus sum
parum ridei iniseris esse, Sail. ; equidem in me
ipso saepissime experior, ut exalbescam in prin-
cipio dicendi, Cic. ; with relat. sent., experiri
libet quantum audeatis, Liv. ; de me experior, J
experience it in myself, Cic. ; 2, to experience
something unpleasant ; nondum alteram fortunam
expertus, Liv. (pass., libertatisdulcedine nondum
experts, Liv.).
experrectus -a -urn, partic. of expergiscor.
cxpers -pertis(ex and pars). A. having no
part in, not sharing in; with genit, pcriculorum,
publici consilii, Cic. B. Transf., wanting in,
destitute of; with genit, omnis eruditionis, Cic. ;
viri, without a husband, Ov. ; with abl., fama
atque fortunis, Sail.
expertus -a um, p. adj. with conipar. and
Kupcrl. (from experior), thai which has been often
tested, tried, approved ; exercitus, Liv. ; with
genit, expertus belli, Verg., Tac. ; with abl.,
expertus tribuniciis certaimnibus, Liv.
expe'tendus -a -um, p. adj. (expeto), to be
desired, desirable; gloriam expetendam putare,
Cic.
expStesao, 3. (expeto), to desire, rvish for,
Plaut
expStO -Ivi -itum, 3. I. Transit., to desire,
wish, or long for ; vitain alicuius, Cic. ; nuxilium
ab aliquo, Cic. ; with infill.', vincere i 11 i expetunt,
Cic. ; with ace. and Infin., nostrain gloriam tua
virtu te augeri cxneto, Cic; with lit and the
r.ulij., Tac. ; of things, mare medium terrae
locum expetens, encroaching on, Cic. II. In-
transit., to fall upon, bcfidl; ut in eum oiiines
expetant huiusce clades belli, Liv.
explatfo -onis, f. (expio), atonement, expia-
tion ; scelerum, Cic. .
cxpilatio -onis, f. (expilo), a plundering,
robbing; sociorum, Cic.
expilator -Oris, m. (expilo), a plunderer,
robber, Cic.
expilo, 1. to plunder, rob; aerariuni, Cic
explngo -pinxi -picturu,S. to paint, describe,
depict in writing, Cic.
expio, 1. I. to propitiate, appease. A.
poenis manes mortuorum, Cic B. to avert an
omen, or sign of the wrath of the gods ; prodigium,
Liv. II. A. to purify ; forum a sceleris vesti-
giis, Cic. ; religionem aediuin suaruni, Cic. B.
to atone for ; 1, lit, scelus supplicio, Cic. ; tua
seelera dii in uostros milites expiaverunt, have
avenged on our soldiers, Cic. ; 2, transf., to atone
for, make amends for ; incoinmodum virtute, Cats.
explscor, l, dep., to jish out; transf., to
search out, find out ; omnia ab aliquo, Cic.
explanate, adv. with compar. (explanatus),
clearly, plainly, Cic.
explanatio -onis, f. (explano), 1, gen., a
making clear, explanation ; naturae, Cic; 2, esp.,
a, interpretation ; portentorum, Cic. ; b, rhct.
t.t, illustration, Cic.
explanator -oris, m. (explano), one who
explains, an npretcr, expositor; oraculoruin
et valicinationuui, Cic.
explanatus -a -um, p. adj. (from explano),
clear, plain; vocuin impressio, Cic.
explano, 1. (ex and planus), to explain, ex-
pound, make clear: 1, illetibi omnia explanabit,
Cic; 2, a, to interpret ; carmen, Liv.; b, to set
forth, state; de cuius hominis moribus pauca
prius explananda sunt, Sail.
explaudo = explodo (q.v.).
explSo -plevi -pietum, 2. to fill, fill vp, complete
by filling. I. Lit, paludcm cratibus atque aggerc,
Caes.; rimas, Cic. II. Transf., l,grn., sonten-
tias mollioribus numeris, Cic; 2, esp., a, to
amount, to, make up; aurum quod summaill ta-
lenti Attici expleret, Liv.; milit. t.t., triuni mil-
limn numerum, Liv.; b, to fulfil, discharge;
munus, Cic. ; c, to satisfy, quench, appease; sitim,
Cic. ; vereor nc non scribendo te expleam, Cic. ;
with genit, aninium ultricis Mammae, Cic. ; d,
to make good; ea dautna, Liv. ; e, to fill up, com-
plete the number of ; centurias, tribus, Liv.; legi-
ones, Caes.; f, to complete, perfect; vitam bc-
atam cumulate, Cic. ; g, of time, to complete,
finish ; expletum anuum habeto. Cic.
explecio -onis, f. (cxpleo), satisfying; na-
turae, Cic.
expletus-a -um,p. adj. (from cxpleo), perfect,
complete ; expletus omnibus suis partibus, Cic.
explicate, adv. (explicatus),;>7cz»!7y, clearly,
Cic.
explicatio -onis, f. (explico). A. an un-
folding, uncoiling ; rudentis, Ci«. B. Transf.,
explanation, exposition, interpretation ; in disser-
endomira explicatio, Cic. ; explicatio iabulaium,
Cic.
expllcator -oris, m. (explico), an expounder,
interpreter, explainer ; rerum explicate* prudens,
Cic.
1. explleatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superl. (explico). I. ordered, arranged;
pro vincia qnam maxima apta explicataque, Cic
II. plain, clear; litterae tuae, quibus nihil
potest esse explicatius, Cic
2. expllcatus -us, ill. (explico), explanation,
exposition ; difliciles habere explicatus, Cic.
explldtus -a -um, p. adj. (from explico),
straightforward, easy ; ex duobus consiliis pro-
positus explicitius videbatur llerdam reverti,
Caes.
explico -avi -atum, and (not in Cicero) -ill
•Itum, 1. to unfold, unroll, disentangle. I. Lit,
A. volumen, Cic. ; suas pennas, Ov. ; I'rontem, to
unwrinlic, Hor. B. to spread out, extend, ex-
pand; forum laxare et usque ad atrium Liber-
tatis explicare, Cic. ; Capua pianissimo in loco
explicate, Cic. ; esp. as milit. t.t, to extend the
ranks, deploy ; agmen, aciem, ordines, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, explica atque excute intelligen-
tiani tuam, Cic. ; 2, to provide, arrange; rem
frumentariam, Caes.; 3, to set free; numquam
laborant, queni ad inodnin se probent, sed quern
ad uioduin se expliceut dicendu, Cic,; 4, (*
exp
209
exp
accomplish, execute, bring about; rationes meas,
accounts, Cic ; alicuius negotia, Cic. ; mandata,
Cic. ; of a debt, to pay off; somen, Cic ; 5, to
explain in discourse, expound, interpret; causas
reruin, Cic. ; with relat. sent., explicare breviter
quae milii sit ratio et causa cum Caesarc, Cic. ;
absol., explicare, de rerum natura, Cic, ; 6, to
discover, find out; ut explicarem quid optimum
esset factu, Cic.
explodo (explaudo) -plosi -plosum, 3. I.
to drive off with a noise, Sen. II. to hiss a player
off the stage; histrionem exsibilare et explodere,
Cic; transf., to reject, disapprove; sententiam,
Cic.
explorate, adv. with compar. (exploratus),
certainly, surely, definitely; ad te explorate
soribo, Cic
exploratlo -onis, f. (exploio), an exploring,
investigation; occulta, Tac
explorator -oris, in. (exploio), one who in-
vestigates, an explorer, scout, spy, Caes.
exploratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
and superl. (exploro), established, confirmed, cer-
tain, sure; spes, Cic. ; victoria, Caes. ; de quo
milii exploratuiii est, / am convinced, am sure,
foil, by ace and inlin., Cic.
exploro, 1. I. to seek out, search out, in-
vestigate, explore. A. Africam, Cic. B. Esp. 1,
inilit. t. fc., to gain intelligence, spy out, recon-
noitre; hostium iter, Caes. ; in abl. absol., explo-
rato or explorato ante, after intelligence had been
gained, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to search out, ex-
amine, investigate ; rem totam, Cic. ; b, to spy
out for something; fugam domini, Cic II. to
test, try, put to proof; explorat robora fuiuus,
Verg. ; epulas, cibos potusque, Tac.
exploslo -onis, f. (explodo), a hissing off
the stage, ap. Cic.
expolio -ivi -itum, 4. to smooth, polish, to
polish, refine; Dioueru Plato doctrinis omnibus
expolivit, Cic. ; partes non eadem ratioue, Cic
expolitio -onis, f. (expolio), a smoothing,
polishing. A. Lit., urbana, of a town-house, Cic.
B. Transf., of discourse, polishing, embellishing ;
inventi artiftciosa, Cic
expolitus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
superl. (expolio), 1, smooth, polished; deus ex-
politior, Cat. ; 2, polished, refined; vir omni
vita eacultus atque expolitus, Cic
expono -p6siii -pSsItum, 3. to put out', place
out, set out. I. Lit., A. Gen., scalas, put up,
Verg. ; expositus, of places, lying towards, placed
near; expositae prope in ipsis litoribus urbes,
Liv. ; super exposta (— exposita) ponto, Verg.
B. Esp., 1, to put on land; a, to throw on the
land; os Orphei peregrinis arenis, Ov. ; b,
naut. t.t., to land, disembark ; exponere frument-
ura, Cic.; esp. of troops, milites navibus, Caes.;
2, to expose openly; aliquid venditioni, Tac. ;
esp. for show, vasa Samia, Cic. ; aliquem populo
videnduin, Ov. ; copias in omnibus collibus,
place openly, Caes. ; 3, to expose a child ; in
proxima alllivie pueros, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to
show, place before one ; praemia alicui, Cic ; per
urbes benigue commeatus, Liv.; 2 f of discourse,
to set forth, exhibit, explain; vitam alicuius
totam, Cic. ; with rel. sent, (with qui, quid,
quemadmodum, et«.), Cic. ; 3, to expose, leave
■unprotected; mare nimiii propinquitaie ad per-
icula classium externarum expositum, Liv. ;
libertas exposita ad injurias Masinissae, Liv.
(syncop. perf. partic, expostus (for expositus),
Verg.)
exporrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. to stretch out,
expand, extend, Ter.
exportatlo -onis, f. (exporto), exportation;
earura rerum quibus abundaremus, Cic
exporto, 1. to carry out. I. Gen., omnia
signa ex fauis plaustris evecta exportataque,
Cic. II. Esp., a, to export; aurum ex Italia
quotaunis Hierosolyma, Cic; b, to banish, drive
away ; portentum in ultimas terras export-
auduin, Cic.
exposco -pSposci, 3. I. to demand vehe-
mently, entreat earnestly. A. Gen., siguuin
proelii, Caes.; misericordiam, Cic; with iufiu.,
Verg., Tac; with ace and inlin., Verg. ; with ace.
of pers. and subj., precibus exposcere plebem,
uuum sibi civem donarent, Liv. ; absol., ex-
poseentibus militibus, Caes. B. Esp., 1, to ask
of the gods, to pray for ; vietoriam a diis, Caes. ;
2, to demand the delivery of a person; aliquem
ad poeuam, Tac. II. to demaiul, require ; nee
opes exposcere magnas, Ov.
expSsitio -onis, f. (expono), of discourse,
a statement, setting forth, exposition, narration;
expositio sententiae suae, Cic. ; plur., exposi-
tiones rerum, Cic.
expositus -a -um, p. adj. (from expono),
exposed, open, accessible. A. Lit., of places,
mollibus expositum Zephyris Lilybaeou, Ov.
B. Transf., accessible ; doinus patens atque
adeo exposita cupiditati et voluptatibus, Cic.
C. vulgar, Juv.
expostuiatlo -onis, f. (expostulo). I. a
demand.; bonorum, Cic. II. complaint, expos-
tulation; expostulationem facere, Cic; fuerunt
nonnullae expostulationes cum abscnte Poul-
peio, Cic
expostulo, 1. I. to desire, demand ear-
nestly. A. Gen., aliquid ab aliquo, Cic ; toy.
by ut or ne and the subj., Tac ; by ace and
infill., Tac B. to demand the delivery of a
person; aliquem ad supplicium, Tac. II. to
make a complaint, to expostulate ; cum aliquo de
aliqua re, Cic. ; cum aliquo aliquid or aliquem,
concerning a thing or person, Cic; expostularc et
queri, foil, by ace and inlin., Cic.
expostus = expositus, v. expono.
expotus = epotus (q.v.).
expressus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(from exprimo). I. Of pronunciation, clear,
distinct, Quint.; in a bad seuse, affected; lit-
terae neque expressae neque oppressae, Cic.
II. plain, evidmt, visible. A. Lit., litterae
lituraeque expressae, Cic. B. Transf., expressa
sceleris vestigia, Cic.
exprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (ex and premo),
to press out, force out. L A. Lit., 1, sucina solis
radiis expressa, Tac. ; corporis poudere couisa
tenuem jam spiritum expressit, Tac ; vestis ex-
priiuens singulos artus, showing, Tac. ; 2, or
pronunciation, to articulate distinctly ; exprim-
ere litteras putidius, Cic. B. Transf., to ex-
tort, wrest, squeeze out; nummos ab aliquo
blanditiis, Cic. , expressi ut negaret, made him
deny, Cic. II. to express, model, portray, repres-
ent. A. Lit, expressi vultus per ahenea
signa, Hor. B. 1, to express in words; a, de-
scribe; mores alicuius oratione, Cic; with rel.
sent., qui crebro dicat diligenter oportere ex-
primi, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus, Cic. ; b, to
translate; aliquid Latiue, Cic. ; verbum e verbo,
Cic. ; ad verbum de Graecis, Cic , 2, to imitate,
copy; alicuius vitam et consuetudinem, Cic.
III. to raise up; quantum his quotidianus agger
expresserat, Caes.
exprdbratlo -6nis, f. (exprobro), reproach,
upbraiding ; alicui veteris fortunae, Liv.
exprobro, 1. (ex and probrum), to reproach,
twit with, lay to the charge of; with ace, officia,
Cic. ; ea (vitia) in adversariis, Cic. ; with ace.
and dat., haec hosti, Liv. ; with dat. and de,
with the abl., de uxore mihi exprobrare, Nep. ;
exp
210
exs
With ace. and infin., exprobrare niliilo plus
sanitatis in curia quani in foro esse, Liv. ; with
quod and the subj., quasi exprobrare quod in vita
maneam, Cic. ; absol., circumstabant urniati
liostes exprobrantes eludentesque, Liv.
expromo -proinpsi -promptmu; 3. in bring
forth, produce. I. Lit., nnines apparatus sup-
plied, Liv. II. Transi'., 1, to fetch out, idler;
maestas voces, Verg.; 2, to exhibit, display ; a,
crudelltatein suara in aliqtio, Cic. ; b, to pro-
nounce, set forth, state; leges de religione, Cic;
causas et ordinem belli, Liv.: with rel. sent.,
quanta vis sit (eius) eloquentiae exproiiiere, Cic.
expromptus -a -uui, partic. of expromo.
expugnabllis -e (expugno), that may be
besieged or captured ; uvbs, Liv.
expugnatio -Onis, t'. (expugno), the taking
or capturing of any place by storm; urbis, Caes. ;
plur., expugnationes m-biuin, Cic.
expugnator -oris, in. (expugno), a taker,
otpiurer ; urbis, Cic.; transf., puclicitiae, vio-
lator, Cic.
expugno, 1. to take, take by storm, capture,
conquer, overcome. A. Lit., urbes, naves, Caes.;
urbein obsidiouc, Caes. ; tyrannos eius, non
ipsam urbein, Liv. ; of tilings, fames obsessos
expugnavit, compelled to surrender, Liv. B.
Transf., a, to overcome, subdue; aninium, Cic.;
uertinaciam legatorum, Liv.; b, to destroy, vio-
late; quaestiones, thwart, Liv. ; pudicitiam,
violate, Cic; c, to force, compel; legationem,
Cic ; with ut and the subj., bring it about that,
etc., Cic; d, to accomplish ; coepta, Ov."
expulsio -onis, f. (expello), a driving out,
expulsion; Laeuatis, Cic; plur., expulsiones
vicinorum, Cic.
expulso, 1. (intens. of expello), to drive out,
drive back, Mart.
expulsor -oris, m. (expello), one who drives
out or expels; iste homo acerrinms, bonorum
possessor, expulsor, ereptor, Cic.
cxpultrix -tricis, f. (expulsor), one who
expels; philosophia cxpultrix vitiorum, Cic.
expnngo -pnnxi -punctum, 3. to strike out,
blot out, expunge, Plant.
expurgatio -onis, f. (expurgo), a vindica-
tion, justification, Platlt.
expurgo, 1. to cleanse, purify. A. Lit.,
quae poterunt unquain satis expurgare cicutae,
Hor. E. Transf., a, expurgandus est sermo,
Cic; b, to justify, defend; dissimulandi causa
autsni expurgaudi, Sail.
cxpiito, 1. to comprehend, ap. Cic.
exquaero = exquiro (q.v.).
Exquillae -Brum — Esquilae (q.v.).
exquiro -quisivi -quisltum, 3. (ex and quaero).
I. to seek out; 1, a, lit., antiquam matrem,
Verg.; iter per aliquem, Caes.; b, transf., veri-
tatein, verum, Cic ; with rel. sent., quid in
omni genere vifae optimum et verissimum sit
exquirere, Cic; c, w ask, Inquire; exquirere
palam pretia, Cic; a te nihil ccrti exquiro, Cic;
ex aliquo causae alicuius rci, Cic ; with rel.
sent., quid iis do quoque ofiicii genere placeat
exquirere, Cic. ; partic. snbst., exquisita
-onim," n. inquiries, Cic; 2, to choose, select;
verba ad (according to) sonum, Cic II. to
search through. A. Lit., vescendi causa niaii
terraque omnia, Sail. B. to search, test; facta
alicuius ad antiquae religionis ratidnem, Cic.
III. to a?kfor; alicuius consilium, Cic.
exquisite, adv. with enmpar. and superl.
(exquisitus), accurately, carefully, admirably : de
ed crimine accurate et exquisite disputsre <
PXquieitUP -a -uin. p. adj. -viiT.h, conipar
and Sliperl. (exquiro), 1, carefully sought, choice,
exquisite, excclle t admirable; seuteutiae, Cic;
exquisitius dicenui genus, Cic ; exquisrtissiinis
verbis laudare, Cic; 2, artificial, far-fetched;
munditia exquisita nimis, Cic
exsacrif ICO, 1. to sacrifice, ap. Cic.
exsacvio, 4. to rage to an end, cease to rage ;
dnm reliquum teinpestutis exsaeviret, Liv.
exsanguis -e, bloodless, without blood. I.
Lit., umbrae, Verg. II. Transf., a, lifeless;
corpora niortuorum, Cic. ; b, pale as a corpse.,
deathly pale, Cic. ; color, Sail. ; c, exlwnstetl,
weak, Cic; of voice, speech, etc, Calvus exsan-
guis et aridus, Tac ; d, act, making pale ;
cumiiiuni, Hor.
exsarcio -(s)arturus, 4. to patch up, make
good, repair, Ten
exsatio, 1. to satisfy thoroughly, satiate.
A. Lit., vino ciboque, Liv. B. Transf., morte
alicuius exsatiari, Liv.
exsatiirabllis -e (exsaturo), that can be
satiated ; non exsaturabile pectus, Verg.
exsaturo. 1. to satisfy, satiate. A. Lit.,
belua exsaturanda visceribus nieis, Ov. B.
Transf., eius cruciatu atque supplicio pascere
oculos animumque exsaturare", Cic.
exscendo = escendo (q.v.).
exscensio = escensio (q.v.).
exscensus = escensus (q.v.).
exscindo -scidi -scissum, to destroy vlterly,
rase to the ground; Numantiam, Cic; of per-
sons, to destroy ; hosteni, Tac.
exscreo, 1. to cough or hawk out; totiens
clausas ante fores, Ov.
exscribo -scrips! ; scriptum, 3. 1, to copy;
litteras, Cic; 2, to note down, register; ei sacra
omnia exscripta exsignataque attlibuit, Liv.
exsculpo -sculpsi -sculptum, 3. 1, to scratch
out, erase; versus, Nep. ; 2, to cut out with a
chisel, carve or scoop out ; aliquid c quercu, Cic.
exseco -secui -sectuin, 1. to cut out; 1, lin-
guain, Cic; fig., vitiosas partes reipublieac,
Cic; transf., qmnas hie capiti mercedes exsecat,
deducts J'rom the principal, Hor. ; 2, to eastratq
Cic. w
exsecrabilis -e (exseeror), 1, deserving
curst s; fortune, Liv.; 2, cursing, execrating;
carmen. Liv.; hence, deadly; ira atque odium,
Liv.
exsocratio -onis, f. (exseeror), 1, a curse,
execration, Cic. ; 2, an oath containing a'/l im-
prccation, Cic.
exsecratUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from exseeror),
cursed, execrated ; exseeratus populo Romano, Cic.
exseeror, 1. dep. (ex and sacer), to curse,
execrate; 1, a, aliquem, Cic; consilia Catilinae,
Sail.; b, to utter a curse; in caput alicuius,
Liv. ; exsecratur primum ut nauiragio pereat,
Cic; 2, to swear with an imprecation; haec
exsecrata civitas, Hor.
cxsectio -onis, f. (exseco), a cutting out;
linguae, Cic
exsecutio -onis, f. (exseqnor), performance,
accomplishment ; uegotii, Tac; exsecutio Syriae,
administration of, Tac
exsequiae -arum, f. (exsequor), a funeral,
•procession; justa exseqniarum, ceremonies of,
Cic. ; exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi, Cic ;
exeeqnias celebrare, Liv.
exeequialiB -e (exsequiae), relating or be-
longing to a funeral procession ; carmina, Ov.
expoquor -secMus sum, 3. dep. I. to follow
a corpse, to the grave, Oic. p>j?t. IX. A, to follow;
suani quisque spin, sua consilia, coiomunibusi
exs
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exs
deploratis, exsequentes, Liv. B. 1, to accom-
plish, execute; a, mandate vestra, Cic; ofllcia,
Cic. ; b, to assert, maintain; jus suum armis,
Caes. ; 2, to follow revengefully, to avenge, punish;
jura violata, dolorem, Liv. ; rem tarn atrocem,
Liv.; 3, to rekitc, describe, explain; ea vix
verbis exsequi posse, Cic; viam cousili. sceler-
ati, Liv. ; alicuius or alicuius rei laudes, to
spread abroad, Liv. ; with rel. sent., exseque-
batur inde, quae sollemnis derivatio esset, Liv. ;
4, to prosecute, carry out; aliquid usque ad ex-
trenmm, Cic; 5, to ascertain, find out, Liv.;
6, to suffer, oulure ; cladem illaru lugamque, Cic.
exsero -serui -sertum, 3. I. Lit., a, to
stretch out, tkrust out; linguain, Liv.; caput
ponto, Ov. ; b, to bare; braehia, Ov. ; Amazon
unuiu exserta latus pugnae" Verg. II. Transf.,
to free ; se aeie. alieno, Cic. (?)
exserto, 1. (intens. of exsero), to stretch out;
ora, Verg.
exsertus -a -urn, partic. of exsero.
exslbllo, 1. to hiss an actor off the-stage, Cic.
exsiccatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from exsicco),
dry, jejune; genus orationis, Cic.
exsicco, 1. 1, to dry thoroughly; arbores,
Cic. ; 2, to drain, dry, to empty by drinking ;
vina culullis, Hor.
exsigno, 1. to put a mark upon, mark ; sacra
omnia e.xscripta exsignataque, Liv.
exsilio -silui -sultum, 4. (ex and salio), 1, to
leap out, spring out; in siccum (of a snake),
Verg.; oculi txsiluere, Ov.; 2, to leap up, sjyring
up; de sella, Cic; gaudio, for joy, Cic; ex-
si lucre loco silvae, Ov.
exsilium -ii, n. (exsul), 1, lit., banishment,
exile; exsilii poena, Cic. ; aliquem exsilio afficere
or multare, Cic ; in exsilium ire or pergere,
Cic. ; aliquem in exsilium mittere, Liv. ; ali-
quem in exsilium ejicere or pellere, Cic, or
agere, Liv. ; aliquem reducere de exsilio, Cic. ;
2, nicton., a, the place of exile, Cic; b, exsilia
= exules, plenum exsiliis mare, Tac
exsisto (existo) -stiti -stituin, 3. to arise,
come forth, appear. I. ab ara, Cic; of soldiers,
to start up; e latebris, Liv. ; of things, ab aede
Junonis ex arce (of a voice), Cic. if to spring,
arise, come into existence. A. Lit., ex stirpe
quadain, Cic; in statuae capite, Cic B. Transf.,
ut tyranni existerent, Cic. ; exsistit motus,
Caes. ; ex luxuria existit avaritia, Cic. ; with
predic noinin., ego lmic causae patronus exstiti,
Cic. ; with ut and the subj. (of logical conse-
quence), ex quo existet. ut de nihilo quippiam
fiat, Cic. ; with ace. and in tin., exsistit illud,
multa esse probabilia quae, etc., Cic.
exsolvo -solvi -solutum, 3. I. to loosen, un-
loose, untie, unbind. A. Lit., glaciem, to dis-
solve, Lucr. ; fig., nodum huius erroris, Liv.
B. Transf., exsoluti plerique legis nexus, Tac. ;
fsmem, drive away, Ov. II. to set free, release.
A. Lit., se corpore, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to
free ; plebem aere alieno, Liv. ; se occupation-
ibus, Cic; 2, a, to pay; nomina, Cic; stip-
endiuiu praeteritum cum fide, Tac. ; b, to dis-
charge, to fulfil an engagement, perform a pro-
mise or something due; quod promiserat, Cic;
juianduin, Liv. ; poenas niorte, Tac
exsomnis -e (ex and somnus), sleepless, wake-
ful, Verg. • '
exsorbeo -sorbui, 2. to sue}; up, suck iii.
A. L',t., sanguinem, Cic. ; gustaras civilem san-
guinem vel potiuj exsorbueras, Cic B. Transf.,
a, fo endure; rnultorum difficultatem, Cic ; b,
to swallow up, devour; quantas iste Byzanti-
orum praedas exsorbuit, Cic.
©Xgorg -sortis, without lot; 1, that for wMSi
no lot has been cast, specially choten ; ducunt ex-
sortem Aeneae (equuin), Vei-g. ; 2. having no
share in, deprived of; with genit., dulcis vitae,
Verg. ; amicitiae, Liv.
exspatior, 1. dep., to digress from the path,
deviate from the course ; exspatiantur equi, Ov. ;
of rivers, exspatiatif ruunt per apertos flumina
campos, Ov.
exspectabilis -e (exspecto), that which is
expecttd, probable, Tac
exspectatio -onis, f. (exspecto), a waiting
for, looking for, expectation; with subj. genit,,
exspectatioue hominum ma.jore quam spe, Liv.;
with obj. genit., exspectationem sui facere or
concitare, Cic; with de, quantum tu tuihi moves
exspectationem de sermone Bibuli, Cic. ; with
rel. sent., summa omnium exspectatio, quidnaiu
sententiae fei'rent judices, Cic. ; absol., obscura
spe et caeca exspectatione pendere, Cic.
exspectatus -a -uni, p. adj. with cornpar.
and superl. (exspecto), expected, wished for, wel-
come; cams omnibus exspectatusque venies,
Cic. ; exspectati ad amplissimam dignitatem, ex-
pected to arrive at the highest rank, Cic. ; litterae
exspectatae, Cic.
exspecto, 1. to wait for, look for, expect. I,
1, gen.,transitum teinpestatis, Cic; partic. perf.
subst., ante exspectatuni, before it was expected,
Verg., Ov. ; with rel. sent., exspecto quid tri-
bunus plebis excogitet, Cic. ; exspeetare quam
mox, etc., Cic; with duni, exspectas. fortasse
dum dicat, Cic. ; with quoad, Nep. ; with si,
Caes.; with'ut and the subj., nisi forte exspec-
tatis ut ilia diluam, Cic; uon exspectare foil.
by quin, Caes. ; absol., to wait, loiter ; ad portain,
Cic ; 2, esp., a, to wait for a person or thing
(till it is ready or finished); oratores multas
lioras, Cic; b, to await; me tranquilla senectus
exspectat, Hor. II. to wait with longing, fear,
hope, desire, etc., to hope for, long, dread ; testa-
menta, Cic; aliquid ab or ex with abl., a te hoc
civitas vel potius onmes cives non exspectailt
solum sed etiam postulant, Cic ; with ace. and
infin., quum exspectaret effusos omnibus portis
Aetolos in fidem suam venturos (esse), Liv.
exspergo (ex-spargo), -spersum, 3. to scatter,
Lucr.
exspes, adj. (only in nom. sing.), without
hope, hopeless; erret inops, exspes, Ov. ; with
genit, exspes vitae, Tac.
exspiratio -onis, f. (exspiro), an exhala-
tion; terrae, Cic.
exspiro, 1. I. Transit., to breathe out, ex-
hale ; a, flamraas pectore, Verg. ; b, of the
dying, aninias, auras, Verg. II. In transit., 1,
to give up the ghost, to die ; in pugna et in acie,
Liv. ; fig., quid ? si ego morerer, niecuiu ex-
spiratura respublica erat, Liv. ; 2, to blow forth,
rush forth; vis ventorum exspirare cupiens, Ov.
exspolio, 1. to plunder, ivb, despoil; fana
atque domos, Sail. ; exercitu et provincia Pom-
peium, Cic
exspuo -spui -sputum, 3. tospit out ; transf.,
to get rid of, cast av;a>i ; hamum (of fishes), Ov. ;
rationem ex animo, Lucr.
exsterno, 1. to frighten, terrify, Ov., Cat.
exstillo, 1. to drop moisture, drip, trickle,
Plaut,, Ter.
exstimiilator -oris, m. (exstimulo),- an
inciter, instigator ; rebelhonis, Tac.
exstimiilo, l.'io goad, to excite, instigate;
virum dictis, Ov.
extinctio -Sniff, f. (exstinguo), annihilation,
extinction, Cic.
exatinctor -cri*. xa. (eistitjuo). J. ant vm
exs
212
ext
extinguishes ; incendii, Cic; 2, one who destroys,
annihilates ; patriae, Cic.
exstinguo -stinxi -stinctum, 3. I. Lit., to
put out, extinguish; incendiuin, Cic; middle,
exstingui, In qo out ; consumptus ignis exstingui-
tur, Cic. It. Transf., 1, to dry vp ; aquaiu
rivis, Liv. ; 2, to quench; sitim.Ov. ; 3, tokill;
invictuui hello juvenem fortuna morbo exstinxit,
Liv. ; middle, exstingui, to die, esp. suddenly or
prematurely, Cic. ; 4, to abolish, destroy, anni-
hilate ; exstiucto senatu, Cic; gratiam alieuius,
Cic; esp., to blot out the memory of something, to
bring into oblivion; memoriam publicaiil, cri-
mina sua, Cic. ; middle, exstingui, to be for-
gotten; rumor exstiuguitur, Cic. (syncop. plu-
pert., exstiuxeui, for exstinxissem, Verg.).
e::stlrpo, 1. (ex and stirps) to tear up by the
root; transf., to root out, extirpate; vitia, Cic,
humanitatciu ex animo, Cic.
exsto (exto), 1. to stand out, project. I. Lit.,
milites cipite solo ex aqua exstant, Caes. ; quo
aitius ab aqua exstaret, Liv. II. Transf., A.
Gen., quo magis id quod erit illuminatum exsture
atque eininere videatur, Cic. B. 1, to be visible,
show itself, appear, exist ; exstant liuius fortitlld-
iuis vestigia, Cic ; exstat, iuipers. with ace
ari ill fin., Cic; apparct atque exstat, utruiii
• . . an, etc, Cic ; 2, to be still in existence, to
oc extaiit; exstant epistolae Philippi, Cic. ; noil
exstat alius, Liv.
exstructio -onis, f. (exstruo), a building up,
erection; ea exstructio quae, etc., Cic; piur.,
exstructtonea tectorum, Cic.
exstruo -struxi -structum, 3. to heap up,
pile up. I. Lit., rogum, Cic. ; maguuin acervum
librorum Dicaearchi sibi ante pedes, Cic ; divit-
ias in altum, Hor. ; focuin lignis, Hor. ; meusae
Lonquisitissimis epulis exstruebantur, Cic ;
meusae exstructae, piled up with food, Cic. II.
Transf., oxstrue aniuioaltitudinem exeellentiam-
que virtutum, build up, Cic ; accurate non modo
undata, verum etiaru exstructa disciplina, Cic.
exsuctus -a -um, partic of exsugo.
exsudo, 1. I. Intransit, to come out in
sweat, exude; inutiiis u^inor, Verg. Ij.. Transit.,
to sweat out. A. Lit., Plin. B. Transf., to sweat
through, toil through, perform ivith great labour;
novum do integro laborein, Liv. ; certainen in-
gens, Liv.
exsugo -suxi -suctum, to suck out, suelc up;
ostrca vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv.
exsul -sulis, c. (from ex and the root of salio ;
cf. con-sul, prae-sul). A. a ba)iished or exiled
person, an exile; quum vagus et exsul erraret,
Cic; exsules reducuntur, Cic; num qui exsules
restitutl, Cic. ; with genit., patriae, Hor. ; v.ith
abl., exsul patria, domo, Sail. B. Transf., de-
prived of; with genit., exsul mentisque domus-
que, Ov.
exsulo (extilo), 1. (exsul), to be banished,
live in exile. A. Lit., Romae, at Home, Cic; apud
Prnsiam, Cic; in Volscos exsulatum abire, Liv.;
aptis simus ad exsulandum locus, Cic. B.
Transf., meo discessu exsulasse runpublicam,
Cic
exsnltatlo -onis, f. (exsulto), a leaping vp.
I. Lit.. Plin. II. Transf, exultation, excessive
rejoicing ; ilia exsultatio Athamantis, Cic.
exsultlm, adv. (exsilio) frisk ingly, Hor.
exsulto (exulto), 1. (freq. of exsilio), to leap
vp frequently or violently. I. Lit, a, of living
suhjeets, equi ferocitate exsultantes, Cic. ; in
nuraerum, to dance, Lucr. ; medias inter caedes
exsultat Amazon, Verg. ; b, of things, reda
exsultant, dash up, Verg. TL Transf, A. ap-
petitus quasi exsultantes sive cupiendo sive
lugiendo, Cic B, Esp. I, to rejoice exceedingly,
triumph; laetitlS or gaudio, Cic. ; in ruinis al-
terius, Cic; Graeei exsultant quod, etc., Cic.;
2, a, of orators and of discourse, to run riot ;
audacius, Cic. ; verborum audacia exsultans,
Cic; b, of discourse, to move freely ; campus
in quo exsultare possit oratio, Cic.
exsuperabilis -c (exsupero), that can be
conquered or overcome ; non exsuperabile saxum
(of Sisyphus), Verg.
exsuperantia -ae, f. (exsupero), superiority,
pre-eminence ; virtutis, Cic
exsupero, 1. I. Intransit., A. Lit., to
mount up, appear above; fiamiiiae, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, to be prominent, excel; quantum feroci
virtuto exsuperas, Verg. ; 2, in battle, to get the
upper hand, prevail; si non poterunt exsuperare,
cadant, Ov. II. Transf., to surmount something.
A. Lit., 1, to surmount a height, to pass over or
beyond; .jugum, Verg.; an jam omnes angustine
exsuperatae, Liv. ; 2, to project above ; angtics
exsuperant undas, Verg. B. Transf., 1, a, to
exceed; maguitudo scelcris omnium ingenia ex-
superat, surpasses all thought, Sail. ; b, to snr-
jiass, go beyond; omnes Tarquinios superbia,
Liv. ; 2, to overcome; consilium caecum, Verg.
exsurdo, 1. (ex and surdus), to deafen. I.
Lit., Plin. II. Transf., of taste, to make dull
or blunt ; palatum, Hor.
exsurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise vp,
lift oneself up, stand up. I. Lit., 1. of persons,
quuiu exsurgeret, simul arridens, etc, Cic ; ex-
SllTgit facem attollens, Verg. ; esp., to raise one-
self to one's full height to give force to a blow;
altior exsurgens, Verg. ; 2, of things (Roma)
tota simul exsurgereaedificiis, Liv. II. Transf.,
1, to rise vp, to regain strength ; exsur;;cre atque
erigere se, Cic. ; auctoritate vestra respublica
exsurget, Cic. ; 2, of political risings, invidia
eorum exsurgere rursus plebein, Liv.
exsuscito, 1. I. Lit., a, to awaken from
sleep; te (juris cousultum) gallorum, ilium (im-
poratoreni) bucinarum cautus exsuscitat, Cic. ;
Oftokindlefire; fiammamaura, Ov. II, Transf.,
to excite, arouse; quae cura ctiam exsuscitat
animos, Cic ; se exsuscitare, to arouse oneself,
make an effort, Cic.
exta -oruni, n. the entrails of animals, esp.,
the heart, lungs, liver, etc., used by the Romans
for divination ; exta inspicere, Cic. ; si est in
extis aliqua vis, quae declaret futura, Cic
extabesco -tsbui, 3. to waste away entirely.
A. Lit., corpus macie extabuit, ap. Cic B.
Transf., to vanish, disappear; opiniones vetus-
tate extabuisse, Cic
extemplo, adv. (ex and teniplum), immed-
iately, directly, straightway, Cic
extempfcralis -e (ex and tempus), extem-
porary, without preconsideration ; oratio, actio,
Quiut.
extempulo = extemplo (q.v.).
extendo -tendi -tensum and -teutum, 3. to
stretch out, expand, extend. I. Lit. A. a, bra-
chium, Cic. ; extentum funem, tight rope, Hor. ;
rigidacerviceetextento capitecurrere (ofhorses),
Liv. ; milit. t. t., to extend in order of battle;
aciem in radicibus montis, Liv. ; b, of time, to
extend, prolong ; ab hora tertia ad noctcin pug-
nam, Liv. ; middle, to last ; tamquani non
longius, quara vitae humanae spatium est, cupi-
ditas gloriae extenditur, Liv. B. 1, to stretch
on the ground ; aliquem arena, Verg. ; toto ingens
<>xtcnditur (Cerberus) antro, is stretched, Verg. ;
2, to increase; agros, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to
exert; se supra vires, Liv. ; itinera, to march at
great speed, Liv. ; avidoseursus, to hasten eagerly,
Vers. ; 2, '" extend; nonn-n in ultinu>-s oras.
est
213
ext
Hor. ; in Aslam quoque cognitionem, Liv. ;
famain factis, to spread abroad, Verg.
extento, 1. (in tens, of extendo), to stretch
out, to extend ; nervos, Lucr.
extentus a -um, p. adj. with suporl. (from
extendo), extended, wide ; stagna latius extenta
Lucrino lacu, Hor. ; castra quam extentissimii
potest valle locat, Liv.
extenuatio -5nis, f. (extenuo). I. a making
thin, Plin. II. Rhet. 1. 1., a figure of speech, a
diminution, lessening (Gr. /jieuoai?, opp. exag-
gerate), Cic.
extenuatus -a -um, p. adj. (from extenuo),
weak, poor, slight ; vestigia, Cat. ; copiolae ex-
tenuatissimae, ap. Cic.
extenuo, 1. to make thin or small, to reduce,
diminish. I. Lit., 1, aer extenuatus, rarefied,
Cic. ; dentibus extenuaturet molitur cibus, Cic. ;
extenuari in aquas, dissolves into, Ov. ; 2, milit.
1. 1., to extend a line or column, make thin; an-
gustiae extenuabant agmen, Liv. ; extenuata
suorum aeie, Sail. II. Transf., 1, to lessen,
weaken, diminish; sumptus, Cic. ; spem, crimen,
Cic. ; 2, in speech, etc., to disparage, depreciate ;
suuin munus, Cic. ; famani belli, Liv.
exter and exterus -a -um (from ex), out-
ward, foreign, strange. I. Posit, jus nationum
exterarum, Cic. II. Compar., exterior, n.
-lus, genit. -oris ; orbis, Cic; hostis, Cic. ; e xter-
iorem ire alicui, to go on the left side, Hor. III.
Supeii. A. extremus -a -urn, the outermost;
1, lit., subst., extremum -i, n., a, that which
is outermost ; caelum quod extremum atque
ultimum mundi est, Cic; b, the outermost, last;
pars, Cic ; vitaedies, Cic. Subst, extremum
-i. n., the end; extremum habet, has an end,
Cic. ; aestatis, Sail. ; the end of life, death, Verg.;
ad extremum, adv., to the end; ad extremum
reservatus, Cic; at the end, Cic; entirely; ad
extremum perditus, Liv. ; extremum, adv., at
the end, Ov. ; for the last time ; extremum affari
or alloqui aliquem, Verg. ; extremo, at the end,
Nop. ; in extremo, at the end of a letter, Cic. ;
plnr., extreina -orum, n. the end; agri, Cic. ;
2, transf., a, extreme — i.e., only used in the
greatest need ; senatus consultum, Caes. ; b,
extreme, greatest, most dangerous, most difficult;
tempora, extreme need, Cic. ; extremum bonorum,
malorum, the highest good, evil, Cic; neut. subst,
vitam ipsam in extremum adductam, Tac ;
extreina pati, the worst extremities, Verg. ; with
genit., quotiens in extrema periculorum ventum,
Liv.. ; c, the lowest, worst ; haud Ligurum ex-
trelhus, Verg. ; extremi ingenii (of the lowest un-
derstanding) est qui, etc., Liv. B. extimus
-a -um, the otitermost; orbis, Cic.
exterebro, 1. to lore out, extract by boring ;
ex eo auro, quod exterebratum esset, Cic
extergSo -tersi -tersum, 2. to wipe off, wipe
dry ; transf., to strip clean, plunder ; fauuni quod
nnn eversum atque extersum reliqueris, Cic.
exterior, exterius, v. exter.
extermino, 1. (ex and terminus), to drive
beyond the boundaries ; hence, 1, to drive out,
expel, banish; aliquem ex urbe, Cic; or urbe,
Ci<r. ; de civitate, Cic. ; 2, to put aside, remove;
auctoritatein senatus e civitate, Cic.
externus -a -um (exter). I. tliat which is
outside, external; tepor, Cic. Subst, externa
-orum, n. outward appearances, Cic. XI. foreign,
strange; hostis, Cic; amor (of a foreigner), Ov.;
timor, terror (of a foreign enemy), Liv. Subst.,
a, externus -i, m. a foreigner, Liv.; a stranger;
canum odium in externos, Cic. ; b, externa
-orum, n. that which is foreign or strange; ex-
terna (foreign examples) libentius in tali re
quam domestica recordor. Cic.
extero -trivi -trituni, 3. to rub out, rub off,
Lucr. •
exterreo -terrfii -territum, 2. to frighten
suddenly, to teirify ; periculo suo aliquem, ut,
etc., Liv. ; in pass., praetor niodum exterreri,
Cic; partic, exterritus aspectu, Cic; of things,
cxterritus amnis, Verg.
exterus, v. exter.
extimesco -timui, 3. I. Intransit, to be
greatly afraid, to be terrified; de fortunis com-
mnnibus extimescere, Cic. ; foil, by ne and the
subj., Cic II. Transit., to be greatly afraid of,
to dread; with ace. of the thing, adventuin
tuum, Cic; with ne and the subj., unnui illud
extimescebam ne quid turpiter faeerem, Cic.';
with ace. of the person, victorem orbis terrarum,
Cic.
extimus, v. exter.
extispex -splcis, m. (exta and *specio), o
soothsayer who predicts from the entrails of victims,
Cic.
extollo, extuli, and rarely exsustuli, 3. to lift
up,raiseup. I. Lit., cruentum pugionem, Cic
II. Transf., 1, extollere animum or aliquem, to
raise, elevate, exalt ; extollere animos, to become
insolent, Cic. ; se extollere, Cic ; aliquem sec-
unda oratione, Sail. ; 2, in words, to raise ;
aliquid verbis in mujus, to exaggerate, Liv. ; to
praise, celebrate, extol; fortunam alicuius, Cic;
aliquem ad caelum, Cic. ; 3, to adorn ; hortos a
Lucullo coeptos iusigni magnificentia extollere,
Tac; 4, to raise to rank, power, etc. ; jacentem,
Cic.
extorqueo -torsi -tortum, 2. to twist out,
wrest away, wrench out. I. Gen., A. Lit., arma
e manibusoivium, Cic; alicui sicam de manibns,
Cic. B. Transf., to obtain by force, extort ; a
Caesare per Herodem taleuta Attica L, Cic. ;
alicui veritatem, errorem, Cic. ; ex animis cog-
nitiones verborum, Cic. ; with ut and the subj.,
extorsisti ut fatercr, Cic. II. Ksp., to dislocate,
put out of joint ; prava extortaque puella, de-
formed, Juv. ; to torture, Liv.
extorriS -e (ex and terra), driven from the
country, exiled, banished; huic CXXXI1 patres
familias extorres profiigerunt Cic; with abl.,
agro Romano, Liv.; patrift, Sail.
extra (= extera sc. parte, from exter). I.
Adv., A. Lit., outside (opp. intus) ; quae extra
sunt, Cic; quum extra et intus hostem haberent,
Caes. ; compar., exterius sitae (urbes), Ov.
B. Transf., except; pxtra quam, extra quam si,
except, vnless, Cic II, Prep, with ace, A. Lit,
beyond, outsule of, without ; provinciam, Caes.
B. a, except, with the exception of; extra ducem,
Cic; b, beyond, outside; extra nioduni, Cic;
extra ordinem, Cic. ; c, without ; extra jocnm,
joking apart, Cic; esse extra culpam, Cic.
extraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw out,
extract. A. Lit, telum e corpore, Cic. ; telum
de vulnere, Ov. ; vivum puerum alvo, Hor. ;
velut ab inferis extractus, Liv. B. Transf., a,
to extricate, free ; urbem ex periculis, Cic. ; b, to
destroy, root out; religionem ex animis, Cic.
II. to draw forth ; 1, lit, aliquem turba oppos-
itis humeris, Hor. ; aliquem vi in publicum,
Liv.; aliquem domo, Cic; milit. t. t., hostes
invitos in aciem, Liv. ; 2, a, to bring to light ;
scelera in lucem, Liv. ; t>, to bring out; ali-
quem ad honorein, Liv. Ill, Of time, 1, to pro-
long, delay, protract; res variis calumniis, Cic. ;
certamen usque ad noctem, Liv. ; aliquem, to
put off, LiT. ; 2, to waste; aestatem sine ullo
effectu, Liv.
extraneus -a -um (extra), that which is out-
side. I. not belonging to a thing or subject, ex-
traneous ; res extraneae, Cic. ; oroamenta, Cic.
II. not belonging to a houst, family, or country,
ext
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lab
foreign, strange; exeorcitataoforensis etextranea,
Cic. Subst., extraneus -i, in. a foreigner,
Granger; si extraneus deest, doiai hostem
qnaerunt, Liv.
oxtra-ordinarius -a -mn, exiraonlinary,
anomalous, irregular; petitio consulatus, Cic;
pecunia, obtained by gift, legacy, etc., Cic. ; oup-
iilitatrs, unnatural, Cic; imperiuin, Cic; milit.
t. t., equites, cohortes, or simply extra-ordinaiii,
picked troops of the auxiliary fore*?, Liv.; porta.
(= praetorin, near which the extra-oidlnarii had
ti.cir tents), Liv.
extrarius -a -nm (extra), 1, outward, ex-
ternal, extrinsic; utlllta9 aut in corpore posita
est aut in extrariis rebus, Cic ; 2; stra r
foreign. Subst., extrarius -i, m. a stranger,
Ter.
extremitas -Stis, f. (extremus), • the end,
farthest portion, extremity; lnundi, Cic.
extremus -a -um. v. ester.
extrioo, 1. (ex and tricor), to disentangle,
extricate. A. Lit., cervam plagis, Hor. B.
Transf., to procure with difficulty; nuininos, Ilor.
extrinseciis, adv. (extra and secus), 1, from
without, from, the outside, Cic ; 2, on the outside,
vutwardly ; columna extrinsecus inaurata, Cic.
extrudo -trflsi -trflsum, 3. to push out, thrust
out, extrude ; a, of persons, te in viam, Cic. ;
extrudi a senatu in Macedoniam, Cic; b, of
thing3, mare aggere, to dam out, Caes.
extundo -tiidi, 3. J. tobeat out. A. Lit., to
form by beating with a hammer; lapsa ancilia
caelo extuderat, Verg. B. to invent, devise;
alicui artem, Verg. II. tobeat out, force; transf.,
to drive away; quum labor extuderit fastidia,
Hor.
exturbo, 1. to drive away, thrust out. A.
Lit., homines e possessionibus, Cic. ; aliquem
provincia, Cic; aliquem e fortunis omnibus, Cic.
B. Transf., oinnem spem pacis, Liv.; mentem
alicuius, to put out of countenance, Cic.
exubero, 1. A. Lit., of fluids, to overflow ;
alte spumis exuberat umbra, Verg. B. Transf.,
to abound; si luxuria foliorum exuberat annus,
Verg.; pomis exuberat annus, Verg.; tain lato
te fenore exuberat, Tac
cxul, v. exsul.
exuicero, I. I. to make sore, Plin. IL
Transf., 1, to make worse, aggravate; ea quae
aanare nequeunt, exulcerant, Cic; 2, to irritate,
embitter; ut in exulcerato animo facile Actum
crimen insideret, Cic.
©XUiulo, 1. to howl out, hotel loudly, Ov. ;
exululatus -a -nm ; a, having howled, Ov. ;
b, invoked with howlings ; mater Cybeleia, Ov.
extmdo, 1. 1, to overflow, to flow out or over;
tura balsamaque vi tempestatum in adversa
litora exundant, Tac; 2, to overflow, abound;
largus et exundans ingenii fons, Juv.
exungo -unctus and exungor -ungi, 8. to
anoint, besmear with unguents, Plant.
exiio -iii -utum, 3. (connected with ind— no).
I. to draw out or off, to take out. A. se jugo,
Liv.; unum exivta pedem vinclis, Verg.; se ex
his laqueis, Cic. B> Transf., a, hominem ex
homine, deprive of all- human feeling, Cic ; mihi
ex animo exui non potest esse deos, J cannot but
believe, etc, Cic;b, to deprive; aliquem agro
paterno, Liv.; milit. t. 1., to strip an enemy of;
hostem imped imentis, castris, armis, praed:":.
Caea., Liv. II. to lay aside, put off, take off.
A. Lit., ensent or pharetram, Verg., Ov. B.
Transf., a, to lay aside; torvam faciem, Verg.;
homineni, human shape, Ov. ; b, to lay aside,
remove, divest oneself of; humanitatem bnincni,
Cic. ; servitutem muliebrem, Liv. ; niagistiw,
get rid of, Tac.
exuro -ussi -ustum, 3. I. to burn out; aliis
scelus exuritur igni, Verg. H. to burn up,
consume entirely ; aliquem vivuin, Cic; classeiu,
Verg. ; exustus ager, dried up, Verg. III. t<<
burn ; 1, sol graciles exurit artus, Tib.; 2, of
thirst, tnburn; sitis exuiit miseros, Liter.-; ex-
ustus flos siti veteris ubertatis exaruit, Cic.; 3,
to heat;. a, antra positis exusta caininis, Ov ;
b, to inflame with love, Tib.
exustio -unis, f. (exuro), a burning up, con-
flagration ; terrarum, Cic
exuviae -arum, f. (exno), that which is taken
off from the body. I. Of men, a, dress ; has
enim exuvias mihi-perfldus ille reliquit, Verg.;
b, spoiis taken from the enemy, arms, etc. ;
nanticae, Cic. ; tu ornatus exuviis huius, Cic.
II. Of animals, a, the skin or slough which is
laid aside (naturally); exuvias ponere, Verg.;
b, the skin captured and taken off, the hide;
leonis, Verg.
F.
F.
f, the sixth letter of the Latin Alphabet,
, corresponding in form with the Aeolic di-
gamma ( f), though in sound most nearly repre-
sented by -J>, 4>. For the meaning of this letter
when used as an abbreviation, see Table of
Abbreviations.
faba -ae, f. a bean, Cic. ; prov., isthaec in me
cudetur faba, I shall have to suffer for this, Ter.
fabalis -e (faba), of or relating to beans; stip-
ulae, Ov.
Fabaris -is, m., a tributary of the Tibsr in
the Sabine country, also called Farfarus, now
Far fa.
fabella -ae, f. (dim. of fabula). I. a Kith
story, little narrative ; fabellanimauditiune dnei,
Cic. II. Esp., a, a fable, Hor. ; b, a little
drama, t'io.
1. faber -bri, m. (perhaps shortened for faci-
ber from facio); 1, a worker, esp. in any hard
material ; tignarius, a carpenter, Cic. ; in the
army, fabri, the engineers, Caes. ; praefectus
fabruni, commander of the engineers, Caes. ; 2, a
fish, perhaps the dory, Ov.
2. faber -bra -brum, ingenious, skilful ; ars,
Ov.
Fabius -a -nm, name of a. Roman gens, of
which the most famous were : 1, Numerius Fabius
Pictor, Roman annalist at the beginning of the
Second Punic war; 2, Qu. Fabius Muximus
Cunctator, the opponent of Hannibal in the Second
Punic war; 3, Qu. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus,
son of L. AemUius Paullus, consul \a b.c. ; 4,
Qu. Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, son of the
preceding, conqueror of the Allobroges, builder of
a triumphal arch on the sacra via (called fornix
Fabii, fornix Fabius, fornix Fabianus, Cic); 5,
Senilis Fabius Pictor, celebrated lawyer, praetor
145 B.C. Adj., Fabius -a -um, Fabian. Hence,
Fabianus -a -um, of or belonging to Fabius.
Fabrateria -ae, f. town of the Volsci on the
river Trerus. Hence, Fabratemus -a -nm,
of or belonging to Fabrateria.
fabri, adv. (2. faber), skilfully, Plaut.
fabrefacio -feci -factum, 8. to make or
fashion skilfully; ex aere multa fabrefacta, Liv.
fabrica -ae, f. (faber). I. (so. ars), the art
of a faber; pictnra et fabrica, architecture, Cic.
II. the work of a faber, working, making ; fabrica
fab
215
fac
aeris et fern, Cic. III. (sc. ofticina), the work-
shop of a faber, Cic.
fabricatio -onis, f. (fabrico), 1, making,
framing, construction; liominis, Cic; 2, arti-
fice, device; ne ilia quidem traductio in verbo
quaudam fabricationrm luibet, Cic.
fabricator -oris, in. (fabrico), a maker, arti'
ficer, fraimr ; tant.i opens, Cic; ij'se doli fabri-
cator Epeus, Verg.
F&briolus -a -um, name of a Roman gens of
ivhich the most distinguished was C. Fabricius,
consul 282 and 273- b'c., conqueror of Pyrrhus
and the Samnites, famed for the simplicity of his
life and the rigour of his censorship. Adj., Fab-
rician ; pons, abridge in Rome. Heiice, Fab-
ricianus -a -um, o/or belonging to Fabricius.
fabrico, 1. (faber), to form, make, forge out
of hard materials; arma, Hor. ; pocula fago
fabricata, Ov.
fabricor, 1. dep. (faber), 1, to frame, make,
forge out of a hard material ; gladium, fulmen,
signa, Cic. ; Capitolii fastigium, Cic. ; 2, to
fashion, form ; hominem, Cic. ; verba, invent
new words, Cic.
fabrilis -e (faber), relating or belonging to an
artificer ; erratum, Cic. ; scalyrum, Liv. ; < .a,
Verg. ; neut. plur. subst., fabrilia -ium, n.,
tools, Hor.
fabuia -e, f. (fari). I. talk; fabulam fieri
or esse, to be the common talk, Cic. ; conversation ;
fabulae conviviales, Tac. II. a tale, narrative,
story, fable. A. Gen., 1, lit., fabuia tantum sine
aui'tore. edita, Liv.; 2, transf., fabulae manes,
the empty shades, Hor. B. Esp., the plot, story,
of a drama, Hor.; a drama; in iis quae ad
scenam coinponuntur fabulis, Cic.
fabulor, 1. dep. (fabuia), to talk, converse,
chatter ; quid Ser. Galba fabuletur, Liv.
fabulosus -a -um (fabuia), renowned in story,
fabled; Hydaspes, Hor. ; palnmbes, Hor.
facesso, facessi, 3. (intens. of facio). I.
Transit.., to do eagerly, perform, fulfil, accomplish ;
jussa, Verg. ; negotium, to give trouble to, Cic. ;
alicui periculum, Cio. II. Intransit., to be off,
go away, depart; ab omni societate, reipublicae,
Cic. ; ex urbe, Liv. ; urbe finibusque, Liv.
facets, adv. (facetus), wittily, humorously ;
si (contumelia) facetius jaetatur, urbanitas
dicitur, Cic.
facetia -ae, f. (facetus). I. Sing., wit, Plant.
II. Plur., wit, facetiousness, drollery, humour;
Seipio omnes sale facetiisque snperabat, Cic.
facetus -a -nin (root FA, Skr. bha, Gk.^a,
shine, whence also facies), 1, fine, elegant; orator,
Cic; senno, Cic; 2, witty, facetious, .Cic.
facies -ei, f. (root FA). I. Abstr., .1, the ex-
ternal form ov figure; a, of persons, quera ne
de facie quidem nosti, Cic ; b, of tilings, cet-
ernm facies totius negotii varia, incerta, foeda
atque miserabilis, Sail. ; 2, esp., a, manner,
kind; in faciem hederae (after the fashion' of),
frondescere, Ov. ; non una pugnae facies, Tac. ;
b, beautiful exterior, beauty; Tyndaridis, Verg.
II. Concr., 1, figure, form; Homeri, Cic. ; se in
omnes facies vertere, Verg.; 2, the face, caunte-
ncoice, Cic.
facile, adv. (facilis). I. easily, without diffi-
culty ; 1, gen., liacc facile ediscere.Cie ; 2, esp.,
easily, indisputably, certainly ; facile primus,
facile princeps, indisputably first, Cic. ; facile
doctissimus, Cic; non facile or hand facile, not
easily, hardly, Cic II. willingly; pati, Cic. ;
facillime audiri, Cic.
facilis -e (facio). I. Pass., 1, that which is
easy to be, done, easy; ascensus, Caes. ; aditus,
Cic ; with ad and the ace, faciles ad receptum
angustiae, Liv. ; esp. with gerund, illud autem
facile ad credendum est, Liv. ; with in and the
ace, altera crepido hand facilior in ascensum,
Liv. ; with the supine in u, or the abl., res
cognitu facilis, Cic. ; with inlin., facile est peri
flcere at, etc., Cic. ; witli ut and the subj., quod
ei fait facillimuin, ut in agrurn Rutulorum
procederet, Cic; with dat., suitable; campus
operi facilis, Liv. ;. neut. subst. with prep., in
faeili esse, to be easy, Liv. ; e or ex facili, ^easily,
Ov,; 2, of circumstances, fortune, etc, favour-
able ; quae (res et fortunae) q'uotidie faciliares
mihi et meliores videntur, Cic II. Act., A, I,
that which does a thing easily, facile, skilful;
manu facile Ov.; 2, dexterous, clever ; facilis et
expeditus ad dicendum T. Junius, Cic. B. ready,
willing, inclined ; 1 ? with dat., commercio facilis,
Liv. ; with ad, facili femiuartim credulitate ad
gaudia, Tac; poet., with iufln., Prop.; 2, esp. oi
character, courteous, accessible, affable, easy, good-
natured; facilis et liberalis pater, Cic; mores
facillimi, Cic ; with ad and the gerund, facilis
ad concedendnm, Cic; with in andthe'abl.,
facilis in hominibus.audiendis, Cic. ; with in and
the ace, si faciles habeas in tua vota deos, Ov. ;
with dat., si mihi di faciles et sunt in amore
secundi, Ov. ; with abl., facilis amieitia, Sail.
facilitas -atis, f. (facilis). I. Pass., easiness,
ease; facilitas eamporum, for marching, Tac.
II. Act., 1, readiness, disposition, Cic ; 2, wil-
lingness, friendliness, affability, good- nat are,
courteousness ; facilitas in audieudo, Cic.
facinordsus -a -um (facinus),/«// of shame-
ful deeds, wicked, atrocious, nefarious ; vir, Cic. ;
vita, Cic; plur. subst., facinorosi, abandoned
men, Cic
facinus -oris, n. (facio), 1, a deal, act ion (good
or bad), pulcherrimum, Cic. ; indigmun, Cic. ;
2, a bad deed, crime, villainy (not so strong
a word as scelus, which = infamy) ; facinus
est vinciri civem Romanum, scelus verberari,
Cic ; facinus facere, obire, committere, Cic ; iu
se admittere, Caes.; patrare, Sail. ; metoiv, a, the
instrument of crime ; facinus excussit ab ore, the
poisoned cup, Ov. ; b, a criminal ; omnium flagi-
tiorum atque facinorum circuni se stipatorum
catervae, Cic
faciO; feci, factum, 3. I. Transit., A. 1, to
make, prepare, build; alicui anulum, Cic.;;
castra, Caes. ; hence, a, to write down; litteras
ad aliquem, Cic ; b, to perform som-e action of
the body ; gradum. Cic. ; impetum in hostesj-fo
attaek, Liv. ; 2, to produce ; ignem ex lignis
viridibus, Cic. ; hence (of an orator, poet; etc.),
to compose; orationem, versus, poema, Cic.; 3j,
to gain; praedam, Caes. ; lucrum, manubias sibi
ex," etc., Cic. ; stipendia, to serve in war, Sail. ; .
4, to raise, levy ; tributum, Cic ; auxilia mer-
cede, Tac. B. 1, to do, perform, accomplish,
execute ; ego plus quam feci facere non possum,
Cic ; caedem, fnrtum, fraudem, Cic. ; alicui
medicinam, to cure, Cic; indutias,. paceni,
bellum, Cic ; fugam, to take to flight, or to put to
flight, Sail., Liv.; facere de aliquo or dealiqua re,
aliquo oraliqna re, alicui or alicui rei, cumaliqua
re, to do with, or do to ; quid lioc hoinine, or liuic
homini facias, Cic; 2, a, to manage or hold a cere-
mony ; ludos, Cic; sacra, or sacrificium,.or res
divinas, to sacrifice, Cic; b, to practise a pro-~~-
fession ; praeconium, Cic; 3, to procure ;. orationi
audientiam, Cic. ; silentium, Liv.; 4, to grant ;
potestatem, permission, Cic; 5, to arouse (some
feeling, etc.); alicui dolorem, Cic; spem, Cic; 6,
to cause, bring it about ; with ut and the subj.,
facis ut rorsus plebes in Aventinum sevocanda
esse videatur, Cic ; with subj. alone, di faeerent,
sine patrn forem 1 Ov. ; fac sciam, let meknow, .
Cic. ; facio, with ne or quo and the subj., non
lac
216
fal
facere foil, byquin or quoniinus and the subj.,
facere non possum quin quotidie ad te mittam
(litteras), I cannot but, Cic ; poet, with sec. and
infin., ilium fornia timcre fae.it, Ov.; 7, to make,
represent; with ace. and inlin. (of artists and
poets), quein tamen Homerus apud inferos con-
veniri ikcit ab Ulysse, Cic. ; 8, to suppose, as-
sume; with ace. and intin., essedeos faciamus
Cic; 9, with double ace, to make; allqnem
consulem, Cic. ; ine tinnni ex ils feci qui, etc.,
made myself out to be, etc., Cic. ; with adj., ali-
quera sanura, disertuin.Cic; allquem certiorem,
v. certus ; 10, to make something the property
of some one, to briny into the power of; with
genit., tota Asia populi Romani facta est,
Cic. ; facere aliquid potestatia or ditlonis suae,
Cic; with pron. possess., aliquam terrain suam,
to subject, Caes.; 11, to esteem, value ; with genit.,
parvi, minimi, pluns, maximi, nihlli, Cic; acqui
bonique facere aliquid, to be content with, Cic ;
12, to safer ; naufragium facere, Cic; damnum,
detrimentnm facere, to suffer loss, Cic. ; 13, to
do, referring to another verb, me utadhuc fecistis
andiatis (where fecistis = audivistis), Cic. II.
Intransit., 1, to act; humaniter, bene, amice,
Cic. ; 2, facere cum, or ab aliquo, to act on the
side of, support, be of the same party ; contra nos,
to be of the opposite parly, Cic. ; 3, to sacrifice;
Junoni Sospitae, Cic; 4, to be suited for;
Medeae faciunt ad scelus omrc manus, Ov. ;
5, to be serviceable, advantageous to, to suit, to
be of service ; nee caelum nee aquae faciunt nee
terra nee aurae, Ov. (archaic rat. perf. forms,
faxo = fecero, Verg., Ov. ; faxis, Hor.; faxit,
ap. Liv.; faxitis, ap. Liv. ; faxint, Cic; faxitur,
ap. Liv. The passive of facio is fio, q.v.).
faction, a word formed from facio, in imi-
tation of the Greek = faciendum, Cic.
factlo -onis, f. (facio). I. a making, doing ;
1, lit., Plant. ; 2, transf., the right of making
or doing ; faetionem testament! non habere, tale
incapable of making a will, Cic. II. \, apolitical
party, faction, side ; populua paucornm faetione
oppressus, Caes. ; trifiinta lllorum consensus
etfactio, Cic; 2, a, a faction or party in a theatre
or circus, Suet. ; b, the parties into which the
charioteers in the circus were divided, Suet.
factiosus -a -nm (factio), fond of power,
factious ; adolescens nobilis, egens, factiosus,
Sail. ; exsistunt in republica plcrumqne largit-
oreset factiosi, Cic.
factlto, I. (freq. of facio). I. to make, do
frequently, be accustomed to make or do; verba
compone et quasi coagmenta, quod ne Gvaeci
quidem veteres factitaverunt, Cic. II. a, to de-
clare openly, to make or do ; quern pnlam lieredem
semper faetitnrat, Cic; b, to follow a trade, prac-
tise a profession, make a trade of; RCCUSattonem,
Cic ; delationem, Cic. ; c, to celebrate usually •
sacrificia gentilicia illo ipso in sacello stato loco
annirersaria, Cic
fr.ctum -i, D. (facio), that which has been done,
a deed, act, exploit ; bene facta, good deeds, Cic. ;
recte facta, Liv. ; poet., facta bourn, the works of
oxen — i.e., a ploughed field, Ov.
faotUB -a -urn, p. adj. (facio), 1, wrought,
worked; argentum factum, silver plate, Cic; 2,
polished, refined (of persons) ; qui illuc. (actus
iiistitutiisque venisset, Cic. ; homo ad unguem
(actus, Hor.
facula -ne, f. (dim. of fax), a little torch, Prop.
facultas -atis, f. (Old Lat. facul = facile).
X. A. capacity, power, ability, capability; facultas
dicendl et copia, Cic. ; ingenii, Cic. B. Esp.,
eloquence, oratorical power; facultatis timor,
Cic. II. A. possibility, opportunity, power,
means; Miloni manendi nulla facultas, Cic;
dare alicui facultatem irrideudi Stti, Cic; haberd
effieiendi faenltatem, Cic; res milii videtur esse
facilitate (in practice) praeclara, arte (in theory)
inediociis, C>c ; alicui facultatem dare, offerrc,
eoncedere with utaud the subj., Cic. B. Transf.,
a, abundance, great number; omnium reruin in
oppido snmma facultns, Caes.; b, means, re-
sources; gen. in plur., Cic
faCUnde, adv. with compar. and superl.
(facundns) ; eloquently, fluently : alloqui hnsfeni,
Liv.
faoundfa -ap, f. (facundns), eloquence, readi-
ness of speech; Romae Meinini faeundia clara
pollensque fuit, Sail.
facundns -a -urn, adj. with compar. and
superl. (fari), eloquent, fluent, ready oj speech;
ingenia hominnmsunt ad suam cuique levandam
culpam nimio plus facunda, Liv.; lingua, Hor. ;
oratio, Sail.
faeoula -ae, f. (dim. of faex), the tartar or
crust of wine, used either as adrug or condiment,
Lucr., Hor.
Faesulae -arum, f. town. in. Ktruria, at the.
foot of the Apennines, now b'iesole. Hence adj.,
Faesulanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Fae-
sulae.
faex, faecis, f. A. the dregs or refuse of any
liquid, Lucr., Hor. ; the tartar or crust of wine,
Hor.; the brine of pickles, Ov. B. Transf., the
dregs, the lower orders; faex populi or plebis,
Cic ; in Roinuli faece, Cic
fagindus -a -inn (fagus), beechen ; frons, Ov.
faginus -a -nm (fagus), beechen ; pocula,
Verg.
fagus -i, f. (<t>ny6s), the beech tree, Caes., Verg.
fal a -ae, f. 1, a wooden tower from which mis-
siles were thrown into a besieged city, Plant.; 2,
one of the seven, wooden pillars on Vie spina or
barrier of the circus, Juv.
falarica (phalarica) -ae, f. 1, a. huge
spear hurled with the hand, Verg. ; 2, a missile,
covered with tow and pitch, hurled from the cata-
putt, a brand, Liv.
faloai'lUS -ii, m. (falx), a scythe or sicklt-
maker ; inter falcarios, the street of the scythe-
makers, Cic.
falcatUS -a -urn (falx), 1, furnished with
tcytkes ; currus, quadrigae, Liv. ; 2, scythe-
shaped ; ensis, Ov.; sinus, a bay, Ov.
falcifer -fBra -ffirum (falx and fero), carrying
a scythe or sickle ; senex, Satumus, Ov.
Falerli -Orum, m. the capital of the Falisci.
Falernus agcr, the Falernian country, at
the foot of Mount Massicns, in Campania. Adj.,
Falomus -a -nm, Falernian ; vites, uvae, Hor.
Subst., Falernum -i, n. Falernian wine, Hor.
Falisci -orum, m. a people in. Elruria. Adj.,
FaliBOUS -a -urn, Faliscan. Subst., Falis-
cum -i, n., the territory of the, Falisci.
fallacla -ae, f. (fallax), deceit, trick, fraud,
artifice, craft ; sine fueo ae fallaciis, Cic.
fallaciloquus -a -um (fallax and loqui),
speaking falsely or deceitfully, ap. Cic
fallaciter, adv. (fallax), deceitfully, craftily,
fallaciously, Cic.
fallax -lacis, adj. (fallo), deceitful, treacher-
ous, false, fallacious ; homines, Cic; herbae non
falliices, not disappointing the farmer, Cic; spes,
Cic ; fallaces et captiosae interrogationcs, Cic.
fallo, feTclli, falsum, ?,. (oyiiAAa>). I. to make
to slip; glacies fal 1 i t pedes, Liv. II. Transf.,
a, to make, invisible; signa sequendi, Verg.;
longe fallens sagitta, coming unnoticed from afar,
Verg.; aetas labitur occulte fallitque, glides tm-
fal
217
far
noticed, Ov.; b, to make ineffective, to drive away,
beguile; iufandum amorem, Verg.; curani vino
ct somno, Ov. ; c, to break a promise, etc. ;
foedus ae fidern, Liv. ; (idem hosti datani, Cic. ;
d, to escape the notice of, be concealed from ; cus-
todias, Liv.; non fefellere insidiae, Liv.; ali-
ciuem fallit or non fallit, with ace. and infin.,
Cic. ; aliquem non fallit quin, Caes. ; esp. (like
Or. \av8ivui) withapartic., liostis fallit incedens,
comes unnoticed, Liv. ; e, to lead astray, to de-
ceive ; pass., falloras middle, to make a mistake ;
fallere alicuius spem or opinionem, Cic. ; fallit
me tempus, dies, / am mistaken in, Cic. ; nisi
i nc forte fallo, Cic. ; non in sortitione failure,
Cic; si fallo (in oaths), if I do not keep my word,
Cic.; impers., me fallit, / am mistaken, err;
quantum uos fefellerit, vides, Cic; pass., potest
fieri ut fallar, / may be mistaken, Cic.
false, adv. (falsus), falsely, Cic.
falsiparens -entis (falsus and parens),
having a putative father; Aniphitryoniades,
Hercules, Cat.
falso, adv. (falsus), falsely, wrongly, errone-
ously, untruly, Cic.
falsus -a -uni, p. adj. (from fallo). I. invented,
feigned, false, untrue, spurious, made up ; gaudi-
um, Cic. ; Caesaris commentarii, Cic. ; voculae,
falsetto, Cic. ; ora non falsa, genuine, Ov. Subst.,
falsum -i, n. an untruth, something false, a lie;
ad te falsum scripseram, Cic. ; falsum jurare,
Cic; falso, adv., falsely, Cic. II. deceitful, false,
hypocritical; in amore, Tac ; lingua, Ov. Subst.,
falsum -i, n., a, deceit, hypocrisy, Tac; b, tela
in falsum jacere, at random, Tac.
falx, falcis, f. 1, a scythe, sickle, bUl-hook,
prnning-hook, Cic. ; 2, a sickle-shaped implement
of war, used for tearing down stockades, etc., Caes.
fama -ae, f. (fari). I. talk, tradition, a re-
port, rumour, intelligence, unauthenticated news;
nulla adhuc fama venerat, Cic. ; fama est, there
is a rumour, Liv. ; fama emergit, Cic ; fama
nuntiabat, Cic. ; fama manat, foil, by ace. and
infin. ; fama aceipere, to liear by rumour, Caes. ;
personif., Fama, a goddess, daughter of Terra,
Verg. II. the opinion of the crowd, public
opinio)!.. A. contra famam opinionemque om-
nium, Cic; fama popularis, popular favour, Cic;
bona fama, good opinion, Cic; mala fama, Sail. ;
fama sapientiae, Cic B, reputation ; 1, good
name; famae consulere, Cic; famam sororis
defendere, Cic; 2, evil reputation; moveri fama,
Verg.
famatus -a -urn (fama), having an ill repida-
tion, Cic (?).
famelicus -a -urn (fames), suffering hunger,
hungry, famished ; armenta, Juv.
fames -is, f. hunger. I. Gen., A. Lit., cibi
condimentum esse fameiii, Cic; aliqua re fameiii
tolerare, Caes. ; aliqua re famem depellere, to
satisfy, Cic; explere, Cic; famem ab ore civium
propulsare, Liv. B. Transf., 1, insatiable de-
sire; auri sacra fames, Verg.; 2, poverty of ex-
pression ; .je.junitas et fames, Cic. II. famine,
time of famine; in fame frunientum exportare,
Cic.
familia -ae (-as after the words pater,
mater, filius, filia), f. (from root FAM, whence
famulus). I. a household of slaves, household ; a,
familiam intelligamus, quae constet ex servis
pluribus, Cic. ; emere earn familiam a Catone,
Cic. ; b, a band of gladiators ; gladiatoria, Sail. ;
comparare familiam, Cic. ; familiam ducere, to
be at the head, to take the first place, Cic. ; c, the
dependents, vassals of a noble, Caes.; d, the slaves
of a temple. II. Transf., A. the entire household
or family; hence, paterfamilias, the head of the
llWiehohl pr family; rnaterfainilias, a married
woman who had passed in manum viri, or an
unmarried woman whose fattier was dead, Cic. ;
filiusfamilias, the son still under his father's
power, Cic B. a family ; 1, lit, a, in a wide
sense, root (syn. with gens) ; familiam unaui (sc.
gentem Claudia'.n) subissc civitatis onus, Liv. ;
b, in a narrower sense, a family, as a subdivi-
sion of a gens ; Laeliorum et Muciorum familiae,
Cic; 2, transf., sect ; tota Peripateticoruni, Cic.
familiaris -t (familia). L belonging to th&
slaves of a house, Plaut. Subst., famlllarls
-is, in., a servant., plur., the servants in a house,
Liv. II. belonging or relating to a family or
household. A. Lit., a, belonging to a household;
lares, Cic. ; copiae, Liv. ; res familiaris ; (a) the
household, Liv. ; (p) property, Cic. ; b, belonging
to a family ; funus, a death in the family, Cic.
B. Transf., a, with couipar. and super!., known
in the house or family, intimate, friendly;
biduo (actus est milii familiaris, Cic. ; subst.,
familiaris -is, m. a friend ; so familiaris -is, f.,
a female friend; cxclamat familiaris tua, Cic ;
of things, ordinary, familiar, coitfideutial ; sermo,
Cic; aditus familiarior, Liv.; b,t. t. of augury,
fissuni familiare or pars familiaris, the part of
the entrails relating to the j^ersons sacrificing,
Cic, Liv.
familiarltas -atis, f. (familiaris), 1, con-
fidential friendship, intimacy, familiarity; in
alicuius familiaritatem venire or intrare, or se
dare, Cic; mihi cum aliquo familiaritas est pr
intcrcedit, Cic; 2, meton., familiar friends ; e
praecipua familiaritate Xeronis, Tac.
f amillariter, adv. with compar. and superi
(familiaris), confidentially, familiarly, intimately:
familiariter cum aliquo vivere, Cic.
famosus -a -uni. ad }. with compar. and superi.
(fama). I. Pass., a, in a good sense, much spoken
of, renowned; urbs (of Jerusalem), .Tac; mors,
Hor. ; b, in a bad sense, infamous, notorious ;
si qua erat famosa, Cic. II. Act., libellous, de-
famatory ; versus, VIor. ; libelli, Tac.
famul, familia, v. famulus.
familiaris -e (famulus), relating or belonging
to servants or slaves ; vestis, Cic; jura famularia
dare, to make slaves, Ov.
famulatus -us, m. (famulor), service, scrvi-
hide, slavery, Cic. ; transf., quam miser virtutis
famulatus servientis voluptati, Cic.
famulor, 1. dep. (famulus), to be a servant,
to serve any one, Cic. ; alicui, Cat.
famulus -a -um (root FAM), serving, servile;
vertex, Ov. Subst, a, famulus -i, m. a serv-
ant, slave; of a man, Cic.; of a deity, Cic;
ante-class, form, famul, Lucr. ; b, f&mula
-ae, f. a female slave, handmaid; Verg., Ov. ;
transf., virtus famula fortunae est, Cic.
fanaticus a -um (fanum), inspired by a
deity, enthusiastic, raving. A. Lit., of persons',
Galii fanatici, Liv. ; isti philosoplii superstitiosi
et paene fanatici, Cic. B. Transf. of things,
vaticinantes carmine fanatico, Liv. ; fanaticus
error, Hor.
Fannius -a -um, name of a Soman gens, of
which the most famous were C. Fannius, an his-
torian, and his uncle, C. Fannius, an orator, con-
temporaries of Scipio Aemilianus. Hence adj.,
Fannianus -a -um, of or relating to Fannius.
fanum -i, n. (fari). I. a, a place solemnly
consecrated to a god, Cic; b, a temple with the
land round it, a holy place ; in sing, generally
with the name of the doity, Apollinis, Cic. ; fana
spoliare, Cic. II. Proper name, Fanum -i, n.
toivn on the coast of Umbria, now Fano.
far, farris, n. I. Lit, spelt (triticum spelta,
Ljnn.), farrjs seges, J4v. ; farris ae«miS, Verg.
far
213
fat
II. Tran&f., a, meal; percontor quanta olus ct
far, Hor. ; esp. as used in sacrifices, far piuui,
Hor. ; b, bread ; una farris libra, Hor.
farcio, farsi, fartum, 4. (root FAKC, Or.
*PAF, $ pay-111 m, (pparrto), to fill full, stuff full ;
pulvinus rosa fartus, Cie.
Farfarus, v. Fabaris.
farina -ae, f. (far), meal, flour, Plin. ; hence,
dvst or jmeder of any kind, Plin. ; tig., nostrae
fnrinne, of our Jcind or sort, Pets.
farinarius -a -um (farina), relating to meal,
made of meal, Plin.
farraceus (-lus)-a-uin(far), ofov belonging
to spelt, Plin.
farrago -Tuis, f. (far), 1, mixed fodder for
cattle, Vcrg.; 2, transf., a medley, mixture; nostri
libclli, Juv.
farrarius -a -um (far), relating to spelt or to
grain generally, Cato.
farratUS -a -uin (far), 1, provided with grain,
Pels.; 2, made of corn ; neut. plur. subst,, far-
rata, porridge, Juv.
farreus -a -um (far), made of spelt or corn
generally. Subst., farreum -i, n. o sjielt-o.'ke.
Plin.
fartor-oris, m. (farcio), afaitener of fowls, Hor.
fartum -i, n. anil fartus -us, in. (farcio), the
stuffing, the inside, Plin.
fas, n. hidecl. (root FA, Gr. #A-n, whence
also fari, latum), something spoken. I. divine
law and right (opp. jus, hitman tail) avd right),
divine command; jus ac fas oiniic delere, Cic;
contra jus fasque, Cic; personif., audi Juppiter,
auditc lines, audict fas, Liv. II. A. Gen., that
which is allowed, permitted, lawful, right (opp.
nefas) ; per oinne fas et nefas aliquem sequi,
Liv. : fas est, it is allowed, is lawful; quod aut
per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret, Cic;
si fas est, with infin., Cic. ; with supins, si
hoc fas est dictu, Cie. ; fas est or non fas est,
with infin., Cic; fas putare, with infin., Cacs.
B. fate, destiny ; fas obstat, Verg. ; fas est, with
infin. or ace. and inlin. ; si caderc fas est, if I
am destined to fall, Ov.
fascia -ae, f. a bandage, band. I. Lit., 1, a
surgical bandage, Cic; 2, esp., a, a woman's
girdle, Ov. ; b, a bed-girth, Cic. II. Tiansf, a
streak of cloud in the sky, Juv.
fasciculus -i, in. (dim. of fascis), a little
bundle or jxwkct ; epistolaruvn, Cic ; libroruni,
Hor.; floruni, a nosegay, Cic.
fascino, 1. (JiavKaivw), to bewitch; agn^s,
Verg.
fascinum -i, n. and fascinus -i, m.
(^do-Kavov). I. on enchanting, bewitching, Plin.
II. = meinbrmn virile, Hor.
fascidla -ae, f. (dim. of fascia), a little band-
age, Hor. ; purpureae fasciolae, bandages round
the ankle worn by women, Cic
fasois -is, m. a bundle, packet. I. Gen.,
sarmentoiinn, Liv. ; ego hoc te fasce levabo,
Verg. II. Esp., plur. A. Lit., fasces, bundles
of sticks with an axe projecting, carried by lictors
beforethe chief Raman magistrates; fasces praeferre,
Liv. ; habere, Cic ; dare alicui fasces, the con-
sulate, Cie. ; summittere fasces, to lower as a, sign
of respect, Liv.; lig., alicui, to yield the preference
to, Cic; demissi populo fasces, lowered before the
people, Cic. B. Mcton., high office, esp. the con-
sulate, Verg., Hor.
faselus, faseolus, etc. = phaselus, etc.
(rj.V.).
fasti -orum, m., v. fastus -a -um.
fastldio -ivi -itnm, 4. (fastidium), to loathe,
feel distaste or disgust. I. Lit., of physical loath-
ing, olus, Ilor. ; omnia praeter pavonem rhom-
bumque, Hor. II. Transf, to be averse to, dis-
like, loathe; etiam in rectc factis saepe fasti-
dinnt, Cic; pieces alicuius, Liv.; with infin.,
no fastidieris nos in sacerdotum numeruni ac-
cipere, Liv.; with ace. and intin., est aliquis,
qui se iuspici, aestimari fastidiat, Liv.
fastidiose, adv. with conipar. (fastidiosus),
l,with loathing, dislike; huicegojam stoinachans
fastidiose, iiumo ex Sicilia, iuquani, Cic, ; 2, a,
fastidiously, daintily; quam diligeuter et quam
paene fastidiose judicamus, Cic. ; b, disdain-
fully, contemptuously ; fastidiosius ad hoc genus
sennonis accederc, Cic.
fastidiosus a -um, adj. with compar. and
supcrl. (fastidium), full of loathing. I. feeling,
loathing. A. hit., squeamish, Varr. B. Transf.,
a, sick of, disgusted with, impatient of; with
genit., Latinarum (littcrarum), Cic; terrae,
Hor.; b, esp., nice, dainty, fastidious ; Antonius
facilis in causis recipiendis erat, fastidiosior
Crassus, sed tanien recipiebat, Cic ; c, contemptu-
ous, disdainful, Plin. II. causing loathing, dis-
gusting, ioaiksomc, Hor.
fastidium -ii, n. (FAST-idium, of same
root as 1. fastus), loathing. I. Lit., the loath-
ing of food ; cibi satietas ct fastidium, Cic.
II. Transf., A. dislike, aversion, disgust; dom-
estiearum rerum, Cic. B. a, fastidiousness,
hyper-criticism, fault-finding ; delicatissimum,
Cie. ; audiendi, Cic. ; b, scorn, haughtiness,
pride; fastidium et superbia, fastidium arro-
gantiaqne, fastidium et contumacia, Cic. ; fas-
tidium alicuius non posse ferre, Cic.
fastigate, adv. (fastigatus), slantingly, Caes.
fastigatus -a -um, partic. of fastigo.
fastigium -ii, n. (FAST -igium, connected
with a-<f)Aoo-Tor). I. a. slope, declivity, descent ;
ab oppido locus tenui fastigio vergebat, Caes.
II. the extremity, either above or below. A. Lit.,
1, above, height; a, gen., bright, summit; pari
altitudinis fastigio, Caes.; b, esp., the summit
of a roof; both, (a) the whole of the roof, Cic. ;
and (fi) the gable end, pediment; fastigium Capi-
tolii, Cic ; operi inchoato, prope tanien abso-
luto, tamquam fastigium imponere, )"<t the lost-
touch to, Cic. ; 2, below, depth, Cats. B. Transf.,
1, dignity, rank, position; dictaturac altius
fastigium, Liv. ; 2, principal point (in writing) ;
snnima sequar fastigia rerum, Verg.
fastigo, 1. (fastigium), to sharpen to a point,
a, upwards, collis est in moduli! metae in
acutum cacumen a fundo satis la to fastigatus,
Liv.; b, toslopc down, only in partic, fastigatus ;
collis leniter fastigatus, Cacs.
fastoSUS -a -um (fastus), proud, haughty,
Mart,
1. fastus -us, m. pride, haughtiness, arrog-
ance; stirpis Achilleae fastus (plur.), Verg.;
fastu crga patrias epulas, Tac.
1. fastus -a -um (root FA, Gr. *A-w, whence
fatum, <f>d<xKin, 4>nt'i), dies fastus, gen. plur. dies
fasti, or simply fasti, the days on which the
praetor eonW administer justice (opp. nefasti) ;
ille dies nefastus erit, per quern tria verba (do,
dico, addico) silentur ; fastus erit per quern
lege licebit agi, Ov. ; a list of these days, with the
festivals, magistrates, chief events, etc, the Hom<:u
calendar; fasti memoirs, Hor. ; a poetical form
of this calendar composed by Ovid; fasti con-
sulares or magistratuum, a list of the highest
magistrates cd Rome from the earliest times, Cic
fatalis -e (fatum), relating to destiny or fair.
I. a, fated, destined by fate ; ncccssitas, Cic. ;
annus ad interitum huius urbis fatalis, Cic. ; b,
fateful, connected with the fate of a person or
thing; pignora, Vie Palladium, Ov. ; libri, tht
fat
219
fax
Sibylline bodies, Liv. ; bellum, Cic ; deae, the
fates, Ov. II. In a bad sense, deadly, fatal;
teluin, Verg. ; jaculum, Ov.
fataliter, adv. (falalis), according to fate or
destiny; definitum esse, Cic.
fatcor, fassus sum, 2. dep. (root FA-, Gr.
$A-w, whence also t'ari, cfrnTifw), 1, to confess, ad-
mit, allow; verum, Cic. ; de facto turpi ; with ace.
and infill., si nnis se nmici causa fecissefateatur,
Cic; 2, to discover, make known; iram vultuj-
Ov. (pass. , qui (ager) publicus esse fateatur, Cic.).
faticanus -a -uni and faticmus -a -mn
(fatum and cano), prophetic, Ov.
fatidicus -a -mn (fatum and dico), announc-
ing fate, prophesying, prophetic; vates, Verg.;
anus, Cie. ; subst., a sootlisayer, Cic.
fatifer -fgra -ferum (fatum and fero), death-
bringing, deadly, fatal ; arcus, Verg.
fatigatio -onis, f. (fatigo), weariness, fatigue;
cum fatigatione equorum atque lioininuin, Liv.
fatigo. 1. (perhaps connected with fatis,
whence also affatim). I. to weary, tire, fatigue;
cervos jaculo cursuque, Verg. ; se atroci pugnil,
Liv. ; itinera, niagno aestu fatigati, Caes. II.
Trausf., to vex, harass. A. Of the body, verbcri-
bus, tonncntis, igni fatigati, Cic. B. Of the
inind, 1, aninmm, Sail.; se, Sail.; qui punit
aliquem aut verbis fatigat, Cic; 2, esp., to tease,
worry with entreaties, etc.; aliquem precibus,
Liv.; Vestam prece, Hor.
fatiloquus -a -urn (fatuin and loqui), an-
nouncing fate, prophetic. Subst., a prophet, pro-
phetess; Carmenta mater . . . quam fatiloquain
miratae hae gentes fuerant, Liv.
fatis -is, f. whence ace. fatim, sufficiently,
post-Aug. •"
fatisco, 3. and fatiscor, 3. dep. foarew,
XaTio-xw), 1, to chink, gape, crack, open, part
asunder; naves rimis fatiscunt, Verg.; 2 to
become weak, droop, decrease; seditio fatis'cit,
lac. ; dum copia fatiscunt, Tac.
fatiiltas -at '.s, f. (fatuus), foolishness, sim-
plicity, Cic
fatum -i, vi. (for, fari), an utterance. I. the
expressed will of a god, prophecy, prediction; fata
S.byllina, Cic II. l, destiny, fate, the ap-
pointed order of the world, the fate, lot, or destiny
of man; omnia fato fieri, Cic. ; fato rerum pru-
dentia major, Verg.; alicui fatum est, withinlin ,
Lie; alieumsor alicui fatum est, with ace and
infill., Cic; fuit hoc sive meum sive rei pub-
lieae fatum ut, etc., Cic ; the will of a god; sic
ata Jovis poscuut, Verg. ; and personif., Fata,
theParcae or Fates, Prop.; 2, a, the natural term
ojlife ; maturius exstingui quam fato suo, Cic ;
fato cedere, Liv. ; fato fungi, Ov. ; fato obire, to
die a natural death, Tac ; fata proferre, to pro-
long life, Verg.; b, misfortune, ruin, calamity;
impendet fatum aliquod, Cic; meton., a cause
■oj calamity or destruction; duo ilia reipublicae
pacne j'ata, Gabinius et Piso, Cic.
fatuus -a -uni, foolish, idiotic, fatuous; a
of persons, puer, Cic. ; fatuus et aniens es, Cic
Subst., fatuus -i, m. a fool, idiot, Cat.'; b, of
things, foohsh, insipid, perverse; primas illas
rabiosulas (litteras) sat fatuas dedisti, Cie.
Faunus -i, in. (root FAV-, faveo), a mythic
king of Latium, revered as a god of woods and
tields; subsequently identified with Pan ; hence
Fauni = forest gods, Ov.
fauste, adv. (faustus), happily, fortunately ;
jvenire, Cic. J '
faustltas -fttis, f. (faustus), prosperity; ver-
BOinf. as a goddess of the fields, Hor.
Faustujus, -i, m. (root FAV-, whence fans-
In.'-), myth., the herdsman of the Alban
Amtdius, who saved and brought up Romulus i
Remus.
faustus -a -um (root FAV-, faveo). I. bring-
ing luck ov good fortune, fortunate, lucky, auspici-
ous; dies faustus alicui, Cic. II. As a proper
name, Faustus, a Roman surname ; L. Corn.
Sulla Faustus, son of the dictator Sulla ; Fausta,
daughter of the dictator Sulla, wife of Milo.
fautor -oris, in. (urig. favitor, from faveo), a
favourer, protector, patron, promoter; dignitatis,
Cic; bonorum, Liv.; a.\>90l.,dnapplaiider, Hor.
fautrix -tricis, f. (fautor), a favourer, pro-
tector, promoter; voluptatum, (Jic .; regio suorum
fautrix, Cic.
faux, faucis, f. (usually plur. fauces -mm,
r.}. I. Lit., the jaws, gullet, throat; arente fauce,
Hor.; sitis urit fauces, Hor.; fig., quum inox-
plebiles populi fauces exarueruut libertatis siti
Cic. ; Catilina cum exercitu faueibus urguet, it
at our throats, Sail. ; quum faueibus prenieretur,
when the knife was at his throat, Cic. ; premit
fauces defensionis tuae, strangles, makes impos-
sible, Cic; urbeni ex belli ore ac faueibus orep-
fcam esse, Cic II. Trausf., only in plur!;' 1,
jaws, chasm; pateiactis terrae faueibus, Cic;
2, entrance; portus, Caes.; maeelli, Cic; 3
a narrow pass, defile; angustae, Liv.; artee,
lac; Etrunae, Cic; 4, a, isthmus, neck of land;
artao fauces (rsthmi), Liv. ; Graeelae, Cic ; b.
straits; Hellesponti, Liv.
faveo, favi, fautmn, 2. I. to favour, be
favourable or inclined to, help, protect ; with dat
of person or party, faveas tu hosti, Cic. ; si tibi
dei favent, Cat. ; favere suis, Cic. ; with dat. of
thing, favere enim pietati lideique deos, Liv.;
favere et reipublicae et dignitati ac gloriae
ahemus, Cic ; isti sententiae, Cic ; impels.,
non modo non invidetur illi aetati, verum etiain
favetur, Cic; with pro and the abl., or contra
and the acc.hac pro parte, Ov.; qui Parthorum
quoque contra Romanum noinen gloriae favent,
Liv. ; with ace. and iiifin., Ov. ; with neut. ace
(as regards), quod quideni ego favisse me tibi
fateor, Cic. ; absol., dum favet nox et Venus,
Hor. ; multitude audiens favet, odit, Cic.
IL Esp., to favour with the mouth, heart, etc.,
hence to be silent, favete Unguis, Cic. ; orefavete,
Verg., be silent; absol., celebrate faventes, Verg.
favilla -ae, f. (faveo), glowing ashes, esp. the
still glowing ashes of the dead; reliquias vino et
bibulain lav ere fa villain, Verg.
favitor -oris, m.= fautor (q.v.).
favomus -li, m. the west wind or zephyr which
blew at the beginning of spring, Cic.
favor -5 ris, m. (faveo). I. favour, goodwill,
partiality, inclination; with subject, genit.,
populi, Cic. ; with object, genit., nominis, Liv. ;
with in and the ace, Liv. ; amplecti aliquem
lavorc, Liv. ; in favorem alicuius venire, Liv.
II. Esp., a, attention at a religious ceremony;
pium praestare et mente et voce favorem, Ov. ;
b, applause at the theatre, approbation, acclama-
tion; quod studium et quern favorem in scenam
attulit Panurgus, Cic.
favorabilis -e, adj. with compar. (favor), in
favour, pip.lar, beloved, pleasing; pratio, Tac.
favus -i, m. a Iwneycomb ; flngere favos, Cic;
poet., favos dilue Baccho, lioney, Verg.
fax, fads, f. a torch. I. A. Lit., faces In-
cidere Liv. ; faces nuptiales, Cic. ; a funeral
torch, Cic. ; a fire-brand ; faces incendere, Cic ;
fig., ems omnium incendiorum fax, Antonius,
'■<<■.: attribute of Cupid and the Furies, Ov
verg. B. Fig., 1, gen., faces aicondi, fiery elo~
iw-rte, Cic. ; alicui ad libidjneni faceni praeferre,
lax
220
leu
nislcrto, Cic. ; facem bello proeferre, to kindle
., flame of war, Tac. ; ino torret face mutuit
Jalais, with the flame of love, Hor ; 2, csp., that
which provokes or causes, the author: subjicere
laces invidiae alicuius, Cic. II. Transf., 1, the
light of the moon; crescentcm face Noctilucam,
Hor. ; 2, a fiery meteor, shooting star, etc. ; faces
caelestes or caeli, Cic.
faxlm, faxo = fecerim, fecero, v. facio.
fobrioiila -ae, f. (dim. of febris), o slight
fever, fevcrishness ; febricula incipit, Cic. ; feb-
riculam habere, Cic.
febrlculosus -a -urn (febricula), feverish,
Cat.
febris -is, f., ace. -cm or -im, abl. -e or -i (for
ferbis, from fervco), fever ; in febrim subito in-
cidere, Cic; febrim habere, Cic; febri carere,
Cic; Romam venissc cum febre, Cic; Febris per-
sonif. as a goddess, with three temples in Rome.
februarius -a -urn (februus, februo, to purify),
relating to cleansing; a, nieiisis Februarius or
simply Februarius, the cleansing month (so called
because of the purificatory sacrifices in its second
half), up to 450 B.C. the last month of the year,
in the time of Cicero the second ; b, belonging
to the month February ; Kalendae Februariae, the
let of February, Cic.
febrtius -a -um, purifying (in the religious
sense) ; subst. fibruum -i, n. a means of reli-
giovs purification; hence, Febriia -orum, n.
the feast of purification held by the Romans at the
end of February.
facialis = fetialis (q.v.).
fecundltas -atis, f. (fecuudus), frnltfulness,
fecundity. I. Lit., a, of persons, mulieris, Cic;
b, of the earth, aquarum lnductionibus terris
fecunditatem damns, Cic. ; c, of the intellect,
volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas, Cic.
II. Transf., atom r/ance, Plin.
focunio, 1. (fecundus), to fructify, fertilise;
viridem Aegyptum nigra arena, Verg.
fecundus -a -um, p. adj. with cotupar. and
superl. (FE-o, whence fetus, femina, femis),
fruitful, prolific. L A. Lit., terra, Cic; conjux,
Hor. B. Fig., rich, abounding in ; with genit.,
saecula fecunda culpae, Hor. ; with abl., gens
inter accolas latrociniis fecunda, Tac. II.
Transf., 1, abundant, full, plentiful; quaestus,
Cic. ; calices, Hor. ; with abl. (specus) uberibus
fecundus aquis, Ov. ; 2, making fruitful; fe-
cundae verbera dextrae, Ov.
fel, fellis, n. the gall, the gall-bladder. A. Gen.,
I, lit., fel gallinaceum, Cic; 2, fig., a, bitterness,
Tib.; b, anger; atruin fel, Verg. B. Esp., the
venom of a serpent; vipereo spicula telle linuut,
Ov.
leles (faeles) -is, and fells (faelis) -is,
f. a cat, Cic.
felicitas -Stis, f. (felix). I. fertility, Plin.
II. Transf., a, happiness, felicity, good fortune,
success : perpetua qu.idam felicitate usus ille
excessit e vita, Cic. ; plur., incredibiles felici-
tates, Cic. ; personif., Felicitas, Good Fortune as
o goddess, with a temple in Rome ; b, success,
esp. in war ; Helvetlorum, Caes.
feliclte'r, adv. (felix), 1, fruitfully; illic
veniunt fclicius uvae, Verg.; 2, happily; a,
vivere, navigare, Cic. ; b, in a wish, auspici-
ously, favourably ; prccatus sum ut ea res mihi,
populo plebique Romanae bene atque feliciter
eveniret, Cic. ; c, good luck! felicitor velim, Cic.
fells = feles (q.v.).
. felix -Icis (root FE-o, cf. fecundus). I. frv. it-
fid, fertile ; arbor, Liv. ; regio, Ov. II. A. for-
Hnote, favourable, propitious, lucky; 1, gen,,
Sulla feliuissimus omnium, Cic. ; with genit.,
cerebri, Hor.; with ad and the ace, ad casum
fortunamqne felix, Cic; with abl., morte felix,
Verg.; with abl. gerund., tain felix vobis cor-
rumpendis fnit, Liv. ; with in and the abl.
gerund., si minus felices in diligCndo fuissemus,
Cic. ; with ab and the abl., ille Graccus ab omiii
laiule felicior, Cic. ; with inlin., felicior ungere
tela liianu, Verg. ; Felix, the Lucky One, sur-
name of Hulla., Liv.; 2. csp., a. rich; tain felix
esse, Ov. ; b, successful; seditio, Liv.; anna,
Verg. B. Act., a, bringing good luck; omen,
Ov. ; so the formula, quod bonum, faustum,
felix - fortunatumque sit, Cic. ; b, blessed with
healing power ; malum, Verg.; c, making joyful ;
poina, Ov. ; d, making fruitful ; limus, Verg.
femella -ac, f. .(dinu of femina), a young
uvman, a girl, Cat.
femen = femur (q.v.).
femina -ae, f. (root FE-o, cf. fecundus), lit.,
any female animal that bears young; a, of human
beings, a woinan, Cic; b, of animals, the female;
porcus femina, Cic.
femineus -a -um (femina), 1, relating to a
woman, female, feminine; calendae, the 1st oj
March, when the Moironnliawere celebrated, Juv.:
curae iraeque, Verg. ; 2, womanish, effeminate;
amor, Verg. ; fuga, Ov.
femur -8ris or (from femen) -inis, n. (FE-o,
cf. fecundus), the iippcr part of the leg, the
thigh, Cic. ; femur utrumque, Caes.
fenHbris -e (fenus), relating to interest;
leges, Liv.
fen^ratio -ouis, f. (fenero), lending at in-
terest, usury, Cic.
fonerator -oris, m. (fenero), one who lends
money at interest, money-lender, usurer ; fenerator
acerbissiinus, Cic.
fenero (faenero), 1. (fenus), to lend money
at interest ; lie feuerare liceret, Liv.
ieneror (faene>or), l. dep. (fenus), to lend
money at interest; pecuniani binis centesimis,
at twenty-four per cent, per annum, Cic; pro-
vincias, to despoil by usury, Cic. ; llg., benelicium,
to trade in, Cic.
fdnestella -ae, f. (dim. of fenestra), a little
opening, (porta) Fenestolla, a little gate in Rome.
fenestra -ac, f. (connected with (/><uVcu), a,
a window, Cic; b, an opening ; lato dedit ore
fenestram, Verg.; esp., a loophole for shooting;
fenestras ad tormenta inittenda in struendo
reliquerunt, Caes.
feneus -a -um (fenum), made of hay ; homines,
men of straw, Cic.
fenlcularius -a -um (feniculum), belonging
to fennel; hence Fenicularius campus, a dis-
trict in Spain, Cic.
feniculum -i, n. fennel, Plant.
fenilia -him, n. plur. (fenum), n hoy-loft, Verg.
feniseca -ae, m. (fenum and seco), a mower;
transf., a countryman, Pcrs.
fenum (faenum, foenum) -i, n. (root
FE-o), hay; fenum alios esse oportere, must eat.
hay, i.e., be dolts, Cic. ; prow, fenum habet in
cornu, he is dangerous (the horns of vicious
cattle were bound with hay), Hor.
fenus (faenus) -oris, n. (root FE-o), lit,,
th«t which is produced. I. interest of money;
pecuniani alicui dare fenore, to lend at interest,
Cic; pecuniani accipere fenore, to borrow, Liv. ;
pecuniani occupare grandi fenore, to invest, Cic.
II. Meton., 1, debt, indebtedness ; fenore obrni,
mersum esse, laborare, Liv.; 2, capital; duas
fenoris partes in agris collocare, Tac; 3, usury;
fpliprfl trucidare patriinonjujn or plcbrm, Cje,
fer
221
far
fSra -ae, f. v. ferns.
feraciter, adv. with compar. (ferax), fruit-
fully; velut ab stirpibus laetius feraciusque
renata urbs, Liv.
feralia -e (root FER, whence also Feronia,
in-fer-nus). I. relating to the dead, funereal ;
cnpressus, Verg. ; tempus or dies, = feralia,
Ov. Subst., feralia -iuni, n., a, the festival of
the dead on the 10th of February, Cic. ; b, things
relating to the dead or to burial, Tac. II. Transf.,
death-bringing, deadh/, fatal ; dona, Ov. ; annus,
Tac
ferax -acis (fero), fruitful, fertile, prolific.
A. Lit., agri, Cic; with genit., Iberia ferax
venenorum, Hor. ; with abl., feracior uvis, Ov. ;
B. Transf., nullus feracior in philosophia locus
est quiun de officiis, Cic. ; with genit., ilia aetate
qua nulla virtutum feracior fuit, Liv.
fer beo = ferveo (q.v.).
ferculum and fericulum -i, n. (fero), a
litter, bier, tray ; a, for carrying the spolia
opima and the trophies at a triumph, Liv. ; b,
for carrying the images of the gods in proces-
sions, Cic. ; c, for bringing in dishes ; hence,
meton., a course, Prop.
fere, adv. (root FER-o), almost, nearly. A.
Gen., totius fere Galliae legati, Caes. ; oiunes
fere, Cic. ; a, esp. with expression denoting
time, quinta fere hora, Cic. ; eadem fere hora
qua veni, about the same hour, Cic. ; b, with
negatives, scarcely, hardly ; aetates vestrae nihil
aut non fere multum differunt, Cic. B.=- sem-
per fere, nearly ahvays, usually; tit enim fere nt,
etc., Cic. ; with a negative, seldom, Cic.
ferentarins -ii, m (fero), a light-armed
soldier who fought with missiles, Sail.
Ferentinum -i, n. I. a town of the Hernici
on the Via Latina, now Ferento; adj., a, F6r-
entinus -a •urn, Ferentine; caput aquae Fer-
entinae, or simply caput Ferentinum, the source
of a stream running near Ferentinum, Liv. ;
subst., Ferentina -ae, f. a goddess of Ferent-
inum ; b. Ferentinas -atis, Ferentine. II. a
town in Etruria, now Ferentino.
Feretrlus -Ii, in. (feretrum, fero), a sur-
name of Jupiter, to whom the spolia opima were
dedicated, Liv.
feretrum -i, n. (fero), a bier for carrying a
corpse to the grave, Ov., Verg.
feriae -arum, f. for fesiae, same root as fes-
tus, days of rest, holidays. I. Lit., novendiales,
Cic. ; ferias agere, Liv. II. Transf., rest, Hor.
feriatus -a -um, p. adj. (from ferior), keeping
holiday, idle, unoccupied, disengaged, at leisure;
deus feriatus torpet, Cic. ; with ab, feriatus a
negotiis publicis, Cic.
fericulum = ferculum (q.v.).
ferinus -a -um (ferns), relating to a wt(d
beast, wild; caro, Sail.; vellera, Ov. Subst.,
ferina -ae, f. flesh of wild animals, game,
Verg.
ferlo, 4. to strike, knock, beat, hit, smite. I.
A. Lit., inurum arietibus, Sail.; frontem, Cic;
ferire mare, to row, Verg. ; absol., contra ferire,
Sail. ; ferit sidera vertice, reaches to the stars,
Hor. B, Transf., to hit; mult a patent in
eorum vita quae fortuna feriat, influences, Cic;
medium ferire, to keep the middle of the road,
Cic. II. 1, to strike dead, slay, kill ; host-em,
Sail.; humilem agnam, Hor.; and hence, foedus,
to make a treaty (because a sow was then slain),
Cic. ; 2, to cut in pieces ; stricto retinacula ferro,
Verg. ; 3, to bring out, utter; verba palato, Hor.
(syncop. imperf. feribant, Ov.).
ferior, 1. (feriae), to keep holiday. Van - .
feritaa -atls, f. (ferus), wildness, stvageness ;
hoininis, Cic; leonus, Ov.; loci, Ov.
ferme, adv. (superl. of fete = ferime), almost,
nearly, within a little. X. haec ferme gesta, Liv. ,'
a, of numbers, about; sex millia ferme pas*
suuin, Liv. ; b, wjth negatives, hardly, scarcely,
Cic. II. = semper ferme, nearly always, usvxdly ;
ut ferme eveuit, Cic.
fermento, 1. (fermentum), to cause to fer*
ment, Pliu.
fermentum -i, n. (foi fervimentum, from
ferveo), 1, that which causes fermentation, leaven,
yeast, Tac. ; transf., anger, or the cause of anger,
Plant.; 2, meton., a kind of beer, Verg.
fero, tali, latum, ferre (root FER. Gr. *EV,
perf. tuli, from old form tulo, supine latum,
orig. tlatum from old tlao, tAoui), to bear, bring,
carry. I. Gen., A. Lit., a, to bear; faces in
Capitolium, Cic. ; (a) to carry on one's person ;
cervice jugum, Hor. ; (ft) ventrem, to be preg-
nant, Liv.; (v) inilit. t. t., arma contra aliquetn,
Cic. ; signa in aliquem, to attack, Liv. ; D, to
bring ; venenum, Liv. ; alicui osculum, Ov. ;
alicui tributum, Liv.; to offer (to the gods) ; sacra
divis, Verg. B. Transf., a, to bear ; (a) nomen
Aemilii Pauli, Liv. ; aliquem in oculis or oculis,
to be very fond of, Cic. ; prae so ferre aliquid, to
display, make public, Cic. ; obscure ferre, to con-
ceal, Cic. ; (/3) to endure, submit to, bear; contum-
aciam alicuius, Cic. ; ea vina quae vetustatem
ferunt, which keep for a long time, Cic. ; with
pers. obj., optimates quis ferat? Cic. ; with ace
and infill., ferunt aures hominuin ilia laudari,
Cic ; absol., non feram, non patiar, non sinain,
Cic. ; with adv., aliquid ferre aegre, moleste,
graviter molesteque, to take it ill, be vexed at,
Cic ; aequo or iniquo aninio, Cic. ; facile, cle-
menter, fortiter ac sapisnter, Cic. ; with ace
and intin., si quis aegre ferat se panperem esse,
Cic. ; partic, non ferendus, intolerable ; facinus,
Cic; non I'erendum, with ace. and infln., Cic;
b, to bring; (o) opem, auxilium, Cic; alicui
fraudem, Cic; ferre responsa Turno, Verg.;
couditionem ferre, to propose terms, Cic. ; ali-
quam, to propose some one as a wife, Cic. ; legal
t. t., suffragium, to vote, Cic; legem, to propose u-
law, Cic. ; so ferre de aliqua re ut, etc., to pro-
pose that, Cic; (alicui) judicem, of the prosecutor,
to propose a judge to the defendant, Cic ; (0) of
abstractions, to demand, require, allow; si ita
res feret, Cic; ut mea fert opinio, Cic. II. Esp.,
A. expensuni ferre, to set down in an account-
book as jxiid, Cic. B. to spread abroad, report,
speak of; ferre haec omnibus sermonibus, Caes. ;
ferunt or pass, fertur, feruntur, people say, it is
reported, with ace and infin. or in pass. nom.
and intin. ; fama fert, the story goes, with ace,
Liv.; ferre, with double ace, to give a person
out to be; si te petitorem fero, Cic. C. to think
over, consider; id consilio ante ferre debenius,
Cic. D. to carry off; 1, in a good sense, veniam
peto feroque, Liv. ; non taciturn feres, 1 will not
be silent about it, Cic; fructus exrepublica, Cic;
gratiam {thanks) alicuius rei, Liv. ; jwlit. t. t.,
repulsam (a populo), Cic. ; ccnturiam, tribus, to
gain the votes of, Cic; 2, in a bad sense, to carry
off violently ; te fata tulerunt, Verg. ; ferre et
agere, to plunder, Liv. E. to bring forth ; terra
fruges ferre potest, Cic. F. to put in motion ;
1, to drive away, lead ; ferre se or middle ferri,
to hasten, rush, and of things, to flow, mount, sink ;
a, lit., inde domum pedem, Verg.; milit. t. t.,
signa .ferre, to march away, Liv. ; sc ferre alicui
obviam, Cic. ; se ferre aliquem, to act as, to pro-
fess to be, to declare oneself to be; libertum se
populi Romani, Liv. ; ad eum orani celeritate
ferri, Caes. ; Rhenus citatus fertur per, etc.,
rushes quickly, Caes. ; b, transf., aliquem in or
ad caelum laudibus, to praise Ay-high, Cic. ;
fer
222
feg
eloqtienti'a quae, ciirsu magno soiiituqtte fertur,
Cic; feiri aliqufi re, to be borne avmy by, to be
jwssessed by ; crudelitate et scelere, Cic. ; 2, of
a road, etc, to lead to; via fertVerrugincm, Liv.;
transf., si qua ad vertun via ferret inquirentem,
Liv. (archaic redupl. perf. tetulit, ap. Cic).
ferocia -ae, f. (ferox), a, In a good sense.
high spirit, courage, Cic; b. in a bad sense,
fierceness, ferocity, Cic; transf., vini, harshness,
roughness, Plant.
ferocltas -3tis, f. (ferox), a, courage, vn-
tamed spirit, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, fierceness,
haughtiness, Cic.
feroclter, adv. (ferox), a, in a good sense,
courageously, bravely, Liv. ; b, in a bad sense,
rwlely, roughly, fiercely, Cic.
Feronia -ae, f. (root FER, cf. feralis), an old
Italian goddess, patroness of frecdmen.
ferox -Ocis (connected with ferus and Gr.
Grip). I. In a good sense, courageous, -high-
spirited, warlike, brave; juvenis ferocissinms,
Liv. ; feroces ad bellaiidum viri, Liv. II. In
a bad sense, wild, unbridled, proud ; with abl.y
i-toli«le ferox viribns suis, Liv.; with genit. ,
linguae, Tac. ; victoria eos ipsos ferociores im-
potentiriresque reddit, Cic; of things, ferox
aetas, Hor. ; oratio, Cic.
ferramen turn -i, n. (ferrum), any instrument
or tool, esp. in agriculture, made of iron, Cic.
ferraria -ae, f., v. ferrarius.
ferrariUS -a -uni (ferrmn), relating or be-
longing to iron ; faber, a blacksmith, Plaut.
Subst, ferraria -ae, f. iron mine, Caes.
ferratus -a -uni (ferruni). I. furnished or
covered with iron, Liv. ; hasta, Liv. ; agniina,
iron-clad, Hor. II, of iron, iron; obices port-
arum, Tac
ferrous -a -um (ferrum), iron. A. Life, made
of iron; clavi, Caes. B. Meton., like iron; 1,
hard, stem, unfeeling, cruel ; Aristo Cliius, prae-
fiactns, ferreus, Cic; os, Cic; 2, lasting like
iron, immovable, unyielding, firm ; corpus anim-
nsque Catonis, Liv.; 3, hard, oppressive; sors
vitae, Ov. ; somnus, death, Verg.
ferrugineus -a -uni (ferrugo), iron-coloured,
dusky; hyacinthus, Verg. ; cyinba, Yerg.
ferruglnus = ferrugineus(q.v.).
ferrugo -Inis, f. (from ferrum, as aerugo
from aes), 1, iron rust, Kin. ; 2, the colour of
iron rust, dusky (iron grey, dark blue, steel blue)
colour ; viridis ferrugine barba, Ov.
ferrum -i, U. I. iron in its rough state, ore.
A. Lit., Cic. B. Transf., hard-heartedness, in-
sensibility, cruelty; in pectore ferruni gerit, Ov.
II. iron worked up, meton. A. Gen., any iron
instrument, the plough, Verg. ; «» are, Hor. ; a
stylus for writing, Ov. ; scissors for hair-cutting,
Ov. ; curling-irons, Verg. B, Esp., a sword;
ferruni stringere, Liv. ; aliqucui cum ferro in-
vadere, Cic ; urbes ferro atque igni vnstare,
Liv ; haec omnia fiamma ae. ferro delere, Cic.
ferrumen -inis, n., cement, Plin.
ferrumino, 1. (ferrumen), to cement, bind
together, Plin.
fertillS -c (fero), fruitful, prolific, fertile; 1,
agri, Cic. ; with genit., mnltos fertiles agios alios
aliornm fructuum, Cic; with abl., insula agro
fertilis, Liv.; transf., pectus, Ov. ; 2, fertilising,
making fruitful ; dea, Veres, Ov. ; Bacchus, ftor.
fertilitas -atis, f. (fertilis), fruitfulness, fer-
tility; with subject, genit., agrorum, Cic. ; of
persons, indoluit fertilitate sua, Ov.
fertum (fwctum), -i, n., a kind of sacrificial
cake, Pers,
fertus -a-uin (fero), fruitful ; arva, ap. Cid.
ferula -ae. f. (fero), 1, the herb fennel; 2, a
rod used to punish slight offences of slaves and
children, a ferule, Hor. ; used as a goad for
cattle, Ov.
ferus -a -uni (root FER, connected with 9rjp,
Aeolic <£»ip). I. Lit., wild, untamed, unadti-
vated ; bestiae, Cic. ; montes, Verg. ; silvae, Hor.
Subst., a, fera -ae, f. (sc bestia), a wild animal
(as opp. to cicnr, a domesticated animal); fer-
aruni ritu, Liv.; feras ngitare, Cic; transf., of
constellations, magna miliorque ferae, the Great
and Little Bear, Ov. ; b, ferus -i, in., a wild
beast, a wild boar, Ov. ; an o:c t Ov. ; horse, Verg. ;
stag, Verg. II. Trjnsf.,jwiW, rough, savage, «n-
civiiised, cruel; gens, Cic. ; hostis, Cic. ; facinus, .
Liv.
fervefacio -feci -factum, 3. (ferveo and facio), .
tomakehot, heat, boil, melt ; pix fcrvefacta, Caes. ;
jacula fervefacta, Caes.
fervens-entis,abl. -enti, p. adj. (from ferveo),
glowing, hot, heated. I. Lit., aqua, Cic; rota, Ov.
II. Transf., a, ira, Ov. ; b, of character, im-
petuous, fiery ; fortis animus ferventior est, Cic;
Cassi rapido ferventius anini ingenium, Hor.
ferventer, adv. (fervens), hotly, warmly;.
loqui, ap. Cic.
ferveo, ferbiii -ere and (poet.) fervo, fervi
-ere. I. A Lit., to be boiling hot, to boil, seethe,
glow, Cic. ; validum posito medicamen anno
fervet, Ov. B. Transf., a, to glow with passion,
•tc.,tobe heated; fervetavaritia pectus, Hor. ; qui
usque fervet ferturqueavaritia lit etc. Cic. ; b, to
be carried on briskly ; fervet opus, Verg. ; c, to
glitter ; jam fervere litora flammis, Verg. II. 1,
"to rage, foam, seethe, hiss; a, lit., fervet- fretis
spirantibus aequor, Verg. ; b, transf., of a poet,
monte decurrens velut amnis fervet (Pindaras),
rages, Hor. ; 2, to be in quick movement ; a, <>1
a crowd, to swarm forth; fervere qumii videas
classem lateque vagari, Verg. ; b, of places, to '
sicarm with; instnicto Jlarte videres fervere
Leucaten, Verg.
fervesco, 3. (ferveo), to become hot, begin to
glow, begin to boil, Lucr.
fervidus -a -urn (ferveo). I. boiling, seething.
A. 1, lit., humor, Ov. ; 2, transf., of orators,
passionate, excited; paulo fervidior orat oratio,
Cic B. burning, glowing, hot; 1, lit.,, pars
mundi, Cic. ; vina, Hor. ; 2, transf., fiery, hat;
fervidi animi vir, Liv. ; with abl., fervidus irfi,
Verg. II, raging, foaming ; vada, Verg.
ferVO = ferveo (q.v.).
fervor -oris, m. (ferveo). I. boiling heal,
raging heat. A. Lit., mediis fervoribus, fji the
heat of noon, Verg. ; mundi, Cic B. Transf., heat,
ardour, passion; mentis, animi, Cic II. raging,
foaming ; Occani, maris, Cic
Fcscennia -ae, f., and Fescennium -li,
i).; a, town in Etruria famous for the Fescennini
versus. Adj., Fescennmus ■a-n\it,Fescennine,
Fescennini versus, rude satirical verses; hence •
licentia Fescennina, Hor.
fessus -a -um (fatiscor), weary, tired, ex-
hausted ; de via, Cic. ; militia, Hor. ; plorando,
Cic ; corpus fessnin vulnere, Liv. ; in the genit.,
fessi rerum, Verg. ; fessa aetas, old age, Tac ; res
fessae, distress, Verg.
festinanter, adv. (festino), hastily, rapidly,
quickly; minium festinanter dictum, Cic
festinatio -onis, f. (festino), haste,
hurry ; festinatio praepropera, Cic ; Willi objl it.
Kenit., adipisceudi honoris, Cic; onini festina-
sione properarc in patriam, Cic. ; plnr., quid '
afferebnl lestinationum, Cic.
fcstinato, adv. (festino), ha<My, ruj Idly,
Plin.
fe§
223
fid
festino, 1. (festinus). I. Intrausit., tu be in
•apid motion, to hasten, hurry; plura scripsissem
lisi tui festinaront, Cic; with ad and the ace,
id efl'ectum opens, Liv. II. Transit., to hasten,
tccelerate; profectbnem, Sail.'; fugain, Verg. ;
purlic, fesliuatus, hastened; iter, Ov. ; with
nlin., tanto opero migrare, Cic.
festinus -a -Uiu (fero), hastening, hasty;
nirsii festinus anholo, Ov.
festive, adv. (festivus), humorously, facetious-
y, wittily; belle et festive, Cic.
festivltas -atis, f. (festivus). I. Object.,
A., gaiety, pleasure, Plant. B. Esp., festivitates,
rmbMlshments, ornaments (of discourse), iis fes-
fcivitatibus insolentius abutitur, Cic. II. Sub-
ject., cheerfulness, humour, pleasantry ; lepos et
festi vitas, festi vitas et facetiae, Cic.
festivus -a -uni(festus). I. Geu., 1, pleasant,
igrecable, pretty ; poema, Cic. ; copia librorum,
Cic; 2, of places, bright, pleasant, Plaut. II.
Esp., 1, of character, good-humoured, cheerful;
puer, Cic. ; 2, of discourse, or of speakers,
lively, bright, droll, amusing? humorous, witty ;
aratio, Cic. ; festivus homo, Cic.
f est ilea -ae, f. (fcro). A. Lit., a stalk, straw,
Plin. B. Transf., the rod with which slaves were
touched in the ceremony of manumission, Plant.
1. festus -a -«m (root FE, whence also
februus), sacred, hallowed, devoted to festivals,
festive; dies, Cic. ; cliori, Ov. ; lux (= dies), Ov. ;
tenipus, Hor. ; dies festos anniversarios agere,
Cic. Subst., festum -i, n. a feast, Ov.
2. Festus -i, m. Sext. Polnpeius, a Latin
grammarian, who lived probably at the end of the
fourth century a. D., author of a work in twenty
books, " I)e Verborum Significations."
fetialis -is, m. a fetial, plnr. fetiales, a
college of heralds whose business it was to demand
redress of grievances, declare war, etc., Cic. ; in
sing., legatus fetialis, Liv. Adj., fetialis -e,
belonging to the fetiales ; jus fetiale, Cic.
fetura -ae, f. (fetus). A. the bearing or
bringing forth of young, breeding, Cic. B. Metou.,
the young brood, offspring, Ov.,"Vei'g.
1. fetus (foetus) -a -nm (pnrtic. of *feo).
1. Tass., A. Lit., 1, pregnant; pecus, Verg. ;
2, transf., a, fruitful, fertile ; terra feta frugibus,
Cic. B. Poet., full of; inachina feta arinis,
Verg. II. Middle, that has brought forth, newly
delivered; ursa, lupa, Ov.
2. fetus -us, in. (* feo, whence also fecundus),
I. the bearing, bringing forth, or hatching of young ;
labor bestiarum in fetu, Cic. ; of the soil, bearing,
producing; quae frugibus atque baccis terrae
fetu profunduntur, Cic. ; tig., nee ulla aetate
uberior oratorum fetus fait, Cic. II. Meton.,
that which is brought forth ; a, offspring, brood;
Gei-mania quos liorrida partur'it fetus, Hor. ;
fetus suis (sucking-pig), Verg. ; b, of plants,
fruit, produce, shoot; nucis, Verg.; meliores et
grandiores fetus edere (of land), Cic. ; fig., ex
quo triplex ille animi fetus exsistet, Cic.
fiber -bri, in., a beaver, Plin.
f lbra -ae, f. (fmdo). 1, a fibre, filament, in
animals or plants ; stirpium, radicum, C«c. ; 2,
tin entrails of an animal; bidentis, Ov.
Fibrenus -i, m., a river in I.atium, near
Arpjniun, flowing into the Liris, now Fibreno.
fibrinus -a -urn (fiber), of or Monging to the
beaver, Plin.
fibula -ae, f. (contr. for figibula from figo),
a buckle, brooch, clasp, Verg., Liv. ; cm iron
clamp fastening beams together, Caes.
Ficana -ae, f., a town in Latiuni on. the road
loVstia.
ficedula -ae, f. (ficus), a small bird, the fcefct-
fico, Plin.
ficte, adv. (Actus), falsely, fictitiously; ficte
et fallaciter, Cic.
fictilis *e (lingo), earthen, made of clay ,' vasn,
Cic. ; ligurae, Cic. Subst., fictile -is, n., usu-
ally plur., earthenware, earthen vessels; omnia
(ponuntur) fictilibus, Ov.
fictor -5ris, m. (fingo), 1, an image-maker, a
statuary; pictores fictoresque, Cic; 2. a feigner;
fandi lictor Ulysses, master in deceit, Verg.
fictrix -Ids, f. (fictor), she that' forms ov
fashions; materiae fictrix et moderatrix divina
est providentia, Cic.
fictura -ae, f. (ilngo), a forming, fashioning,
Plaut.
fictUS, partic of fingo.
f Icula -ae, f. (dim. of ficus), a little fig, Plaut.
Ficulca (Ficulnea) -ae, f. town in the
country jof the Sabines on the Via Nomentana.
Adj., Ficulensis -e, Ficulean.
ficulnus (ficulneus) -a -um (ficula), of or
relating to the fig-tree; truncus, Hor.
fious -i and -us, f. (perhaps from fio, feo), 1,
the fig-tree; arbor flci, Cic. ; 2, a Jig, Hor. .
fide, adv. (fidus), faithfully, Cic.
fideicommissum -i, n. (tides and com-
mitto), legal t. t., a trust, Quint.
f idele, adv. (fidelis), faithfully, Plaut.
fidelia -ae, f. a,i earthenware pot or vase,
Plant.; a pot for irlitcwash; prov., duo paTietes
de eadem fidelia dealbare, to kiU two birds with
one stone, ap. Cic.
fidelis -e (1. fides), that can be trusted or relied
upon, true, steadfast,' faithjut. A. Of persons,
socius, amicus, Cic. ; alicui or in aliquem, Cic;
in amicitiis, Cic. Subst., fideles -htm, in.
confidants, faithful friends, Cic. B. Transf., oi
inanimate objects, consilium fidele, Cic; lac.
rimae, genuine, Ov. ; meton., durable, lasting,
strong ; lorica, Verg.
fldelltas -atis, f. (fidelis), faithfulness, trust,
worthiness, fidelity, Cic; erga patriam, ap. Cic.
fideliter, adv. with com par. and superl,
(fidelis). 1, faithfully, trustworthily, honestly,
surely, Cic. ; per quorum loca fideliter (free oj
danger) mihi pateret iter, Cic. ; 2, meton., pro-
perly, well ; ingenuas didieisse fideliter artes, Ov.
Fidenae arum, f. and Fidena -ae, f. a
townjn Laliuin, now Castro Giubileo. Adj.,
Fidelias -atis, of or belonging to Fidenae.
fidens -entis, abl. -enti, p. adj. (from fido),
without fear, confident, courageous; homo,
animus, Cic; with genit., animi, Verg.; with
abl., fidens et animo et viribus, Liv.
fideliter, adv. with compar. (fidens), con-
fidently, courageously, Cic.
1. fidentia -ae, f. (lido), confidence, courage,
boldness, Cic.
2. Fidentia -ae, f. town in Gallia Cisjxtdana.
1. fides -Ci, f. (fido), trust, confidence, re-
liance, credence, belief, faith. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
lidem decipere, Liv., or fallcre, Cic. ; alicui or
alicui rei lidem habere, to place confidence in,
with ace. and infill., Cic. ; alicui rei fidem
tribuere, adjungere, Cic ; fldem facere, to awake
confidence, Cic. ; nuntiabantnr liaec eadem
Curioni ; sed aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,
no reliance was placed in the nexus, Caes. B. Esp.,.
mercantile t. t., credit; quuin fides tota Italia
esset angustior, imixiired, Caes. ; lidem moliri,
Liv.; fides concidit, hus fallen, Cic; fides de
foro sublata est, Cic. ; lidem renovare, Cic ;
often with res, property, res et fides, Sail-*
- fid
•12i
fin
nbl fes t'os jam pridem, fides miper deticere
coepit, Cic. ; homo sine re, sine tide, sine spe,
Cic. ; transf., scgetis certa fides meae, produce,
return, Hor. II. Meton., A.that which pre;! ices
confidence, faithfulness, fidelity, conscientiousness,
honesty, credibility, truthfulness; 1, gen., ex-
emplum antiquae probitatis ac fidei, Cic. ; tlderu
praestare, to be loyal, Cic. ; of faithfulness in
treaties and political alliances, pro veterc ac
perpetua erga Romanum fide, Caes. ; a, in ap-
peals and oaths, fldem vestram oro atque ob-
secro, judices, Cic. ; pro deu:n atque hotninum
fiuera, Cic. ; b, legal t. 1., ex bona flde or bouS
fide, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, Cic ;
judicia de mala fide, dishonesty, Cic. ; Fides
personiC as a goddess, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, a pro-
mist, assurance, word of I nour, engagement ;
fidem fallere, frangere, vioiare, to break a pro-
mise, Cic; dare alicui, Cic; obligare, to make an
engagement, Cic ; liberare, servare, to keep a
promise, Cic. ; fidem prodere, Cic. ; fide mea, on
my word of honour, Cic. ; b, fides publica or
simply publica, a promise, of protection in the
name of the state, a safe-conduct; fidem publicam
postulare, Cic ; Lnsitani contra interpositam
fidem interfecti, Cic; fide accepts venerat in
castra Romana, Li v. ; c, faithful protection,
constant help; conferre se in alicuius fldem et
clicntelam, in alicuius amicitiam et fidem, Cic. ;
se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi
Ro'mani permittere, Cic. ; venire in alicuius
fidem, Liv., or in alicuius fidem ac potestatem,
Caes. ; ah'cuius fidem sequi, Caes. ; aliquem in
fidem recipere, Cic. ; in alicuius fide et el: i
esse, Cic. * B. credibility, tmstworthiness, >1 re-
ports, statements, etc ; 1, fidem facit aliquid
judieii mei, Cic. ; tabularum, Cic. ; 2, a, proof;
manifests fides publics ope Volscos hostes adju-
tos, Liv.; b, certainty ; verba fides sequitur, Ov.
■ 2. fides -is, f., usually plur. fides -ium
(&<pi£t), or perhaps from flndn), lit. a gut-string
for a musical instrument; hence, a lyre, lute,
harj>; dlscere, Cic; fldibus Latinis Thebanos
aptnre modos, Hor. ; sing., fides Tela, Hor.
fldloen -clnls, ra. (2. fides and cano), a
piayer on the harp, lyre, lute, Cic ; poet., a lyric
poet ; lyrae Romanae, Hor.
f Idlcina -ae, f. (fidicen), a female player on
the lute or harp, Plaut.
fidlcinus -a -urn (fidicen), relating or be-
longing to harp-playing, Plaut
fidieula -ae, f. and gen. plur. fldlculao
-arum, t. (dim. of 2. fides), 1, a little lyre or lute,
Cic. ; 2, an instrument for torturing slaves, Suet.
Fidius -II, m. (connected with fides, fldo), in
full Dins Fidius, a Roman deity, personification
of faith; me Dius Fidius and medius fidius
(ellipt. = ita me Dius Fidius juvet), So help me
God! Cic.
fido, fisus sum, 8. (root FID, Gr. TII0,
im'0-u, nei6-opai), to trust, believe, confide in;
■with dat. or abl., sibi, Cic; nocti, Verg. ; ;ru-
dentia, Cic. ; with ace and infin., Liv.
fidiicla -ae, f. (fldo). I. Lit., a, confidence,
trust, reliance, assurance; alicuius, in some one,
Cic. ; sui, in oneself, Liv. ; arcae nostrae, Cic. ;
b, self-confidence, self-reliance, courage, bravery,
Caes. II. Legal t. t., a contract by which a man
temporarily transfers property to another, a
pledging, pawning, mortgaging, etc ; formula
tiduciae, Cic. ; flducia accepta, Cic
fiduoiarlus -a -um (flducia), entrusted, com-
mitted, given in trust ; urbs, Liv. ; opera, Caes.
fldns -a -um (fido), true, faithful, trusty, cer-
tain, sure; 1, of persons, amici fldl, Cic; with
dat., Abe'.nx fldns ante Poenis, Liv. ; with go-nit.,
regina tui lidissiraa, Verg.; 2, of inanimate
objects, tarn fida canum custodia, Cic. ; static
m .ile Ada carinis, an insecure anchorage for ships,
Verg.
figlinus (f igulinus) -a -um (figulus), of or
belonging to a potter, Plin. Subst., 1, figlira
-ae, f. a, a potter's art or craft, Plin.j b, o potter's
workshop, pottery, Plin.; 2, flglinum -i, !1.
earthenware, Plin.
figo, fixi, Axum, 3. I. to fir, fasten, make
fast, 7nakefirm, attach, affix. A. Lit., a, aliquem
in cruce, Cic. ; caput legis in poste curiae, Cic ;
anna ad postern, Cic. ; b, to build ; moenia,
Ov. ; c, oscula, to imprint, Verg. B. Transf.,
a, neqnitiae modum suae, to set a limit, Hor.;
b, vestigia, to check one's steps, Verg. ; c, to fir,
make fast; Axum et statutum est, Cic. II.
A. Lit., a, to thrust in, drive in ; mucronem in
hoste, Cic ; b, to transfix; aliquem sagitta,
Tac B. Transf., a, aliquem nialedictis, attack
with reproaches, Cic; b, to fix; oculos in terrain,
Liv.; c, to fix in one's attention; illud fixum in
animis vestris tenetote, Cic
figularis -e (figulus), relating or belonging
to a potter, Plaut.
figulinus = figlinus (q.v.).
figulus -i, m. (root FIG, whence fingo), a
worker in clay, a potter; a flgulis nmnitam
urbem, Babylon, made of brick, Juv.
flgura -ae, f. (fingo). I. form, shape, figure;
a, hominis, Cic ; b, an atom, Lucr. ; c, shade
of a dead person, Verg. II. a, kind, nature,
\ species, form ; negotii, Cic; b, in rhet., a figure
of speech, Cic.
figuratus -a -um, partic of figure
figuro, 1. (figura), to form, mould, shape; 1,
ita liguratum corpus ut excellat aliis, Cic. ; 2,
transf., os tenerum pueri balbumque poeta
flgurat, Hor.
f llatim, adv. (filum), thread by thread, Lucr.
filia -ae, f. '(Alius), a daughter, Cic ; virgo
filia, Cic. ; poet, transf., pinus silvae fllia nobilis,
Hor.
f!IicatU3 -a -um (filix), adorned with ferns;
paterae, embossed or chased with fern leaves, Cic.
f llidla -ae, f. (dim. of filia), a little daughter.
Cic. ; sarcastically of an effeminate man, duce
filiolS Curionis, Cic.
filfolUS -i, m. (dim. of Alius), o little son, Cic.
filius -ii (voc sing, fili), m. (feo, whence
fecundus, etc), son, Cic; terrae, aman of mean
origin, unknown person, Cic; fortnnae, ft child
of fortune, Hor.
filix -Icis, f. fern, Verg.
filum -i, n. (Ago), a thread. I. Lit., a, of
wool, linen, etc, velamina tilo pleno, Ov-.; pro v.,
pendere filo (tenui), to hang by a thread, he in
great danger, Ov. ; b, a woollen fillet round the
cap of the ftamen ; capite velato tilo, Liv. ; c, of
other things, deduoit aranea filuin pede, Ov. ;
d, the thread of life spun by the Parcac ; sororum
fila trium, Hor. II. Transf., a, tlie form, shape
of anything, Lucr.; b, the manner, form, thread
of discourse, Cic.
fimbriae -aram, f. plur., fringe, border, edge;
madentes cincinnorum fimbriae, extremities, Cic.
Fimbria -ae, m. (G. Flavius), friend oj
Murius, general in the Mithridaiic War.
fimus -i, m. and f Imam -i, n. d\mg, excre-
ment, dirt, Liv., Verg.
findo, fidi, fissum, 3. to split, cleave, separate,
divide ; lignum, Verg.; Andere agros sarculo, Hor. ;
hae insula quasi rostro Anditur Fibrenns, Cic
fingo, tinxi, Actum, 3. (root FIG, whence
figulus). I. to stroke; manus aegras nianibu*
fiii
m
fia
ft.tr.ici, Ov. II. A. to fashion, form, mould ; 1,
lit., a, mollissiinam coram ad nostrum arbitrium
formare et tingere, Cic. ; b, imago ficta, a statue,
Cic. ; natura lingit hominem, Cic; 2, transf.,
a, to imagine, conceive. ; tlngite igitur cogita-
tione imagiuem Imins conditionis meae, Cic. ;
with ace and intin., tinge aliquem fieri sapi-
entem, Cic; b, to invent, fabricate, devise;
crimina, opprobria in aliquem, Cic; partic,
fictus, invented, feigned. ; ficta fabula, Cic. ; hence
subst., fictum -i, n. something invented, a lie;
ficta loqui, Ov. ; c, to feign ; nihil lingam, nihil
Uissimulem, Cic B. to arrange, order; 1, lit.,
a, crinem fronde premit tingens, Verg. ; b,
tingere vnltum, to put on a friendly look, Ov., or
to put on a. brave look, Caes. ; ficto pectore fatus,
Verg. ; 2, transf. ,' to firm; oratorem, Cic; so
totum ad arbitrium alicuius, Cic
finiens -entis (partic of finio), sc. orbis or
circnlus, the horizon, Cic.
finio, 4. (finis). I. Transit., to bound, limit, j
enclose within limits. A. Lit., imperium popnli
Roinani, Caes.; lingua finite dentibus, Cic
B. Transf., 1, to enclose within bounds, restrain;
an potest cupiditas finiri? Cic; 2, to define,
determine, prescribe, appoint; sepulcris novis i
moduni, Cic; with ne and the sub.]., potuisse I
liu ire senatus consulto ne, etc., Li v. ; 3, a, !
gen., to put an end to, conclude, end, finish; j
bellum, Caes. ; labores, Cic ; and pass., to end,
cease ; b, (a) finiri (middle), to die, Cic. poet. ; ]
Anita Claudiorum domo, having become extinct,
Tac. ; (3) to finish speaking ; omnia finierat, Ov. ;
(y) to bring a period to a close; ut sententiae
verbis finiantur, Cic. II. Intransit., a, to die ;
sic Tiberius finivit, Tac. ; b, to finish speaking ;
finierat Telamone satus, Ov. ; to bring a period to
a close ; illi philosopho placet ordiri a superiore
paeone, posteriore finire, Cic
finis -is, m. and f. (findo). I. the boundary,
limit, border. A. Lit., eius loci, Cic. ; pro-
vinciae Galliae, Liv. ; plur., teiritory ; iter in
bantonum fines facere, Caes. B. Transf., a,
boundary, limit; mini fines terminosque con-
stitu/im, extra quos egredi nnn possum, Cic ;
b, term, limit; ad eum finem, so far, Cic; line
(fini), with genit., us far as, fine genus, Ov. II.
the end ; a, finis vitae, Cic. ; ad finem venire,
Liv. ; finem facere. with genit. bellandi, Caes. ;
sollicitudinis, Cic. ; finem facere, with dat.
iiretio, Cic ; finem capcre, come to an end, Cic. ;
b, esp., (a) death; Neroni:s, Tac; (j3) the highest,
the extremity ; bonorum, malorum, greatest good,
greatest evil, Cic; c, object, end, aim; domus
finis et usus, Cic. (abl. sing, fine and fini).
finite, adv. (finitus, from finio), moderately,
within bounds, Cic
finitimus (finitiimus) -a -urn (finis),
neighbouring, adjacent. A. Lit., Calli_ Belgis,
Caes. ; aermnri Dnituina, Cic. Subst., finitimi
-drum, in. neighbours, neighbouring states, Cic.
B. Trai.sf., related to, resembling, similar; vicina
eius atque finitinia dialecticorum scientia, Cic ;
with dat., huic generi historia finitima est, Cic.
finitor -oris, m. (finio), one who determines
boundaries, a land surveyor, Cic
finitiimus = finitimus (q.v.).
finitus -a "in, partic of finio.
fio, faetus sum, fieri (connected with <t>vu>\
pass, of facio. I. Lit., to be made; hie ubi lit,
doctfi multa corona manu, Ov. II. Transf.,
A. Gen., a, to be done, to arise; fit clamor, Cic;
id ei loco nomen factum, Liv. ; per aliquem fit
quominus, etc., Cic. ; b, to happen ; (a) Pompeio
melius est factum, Cic ; esp. with abl., quid
illo flet, what null happen wit li him? Cic; with
de, quid de Tulliola men flet? Cic; ut fit, ut
8
fieri solet, as usual, as is often the case; ut fit
plernmque, Cic ; fit saepe ut non respondeant
ad tempus, Cic. ; potest fieri ut fallar, / may be
deceived, Cic. ; fieri non potest quin, etc., Cic. ;
ita fit ut, etc., Cic; (j3) to follow; ita fit ut
sapientia sanitas sit animi, Cic; (y) to be; nee
potest fieri me quidquam superbius, Cic B.
Esp., a, to become something; consules facti
sunt, Cic; b, to be esteemed; me a te plurimi
fieri, Cic. ; c, to be sacrificed ; quum pro populo
fieret, Cic
firmamen -inis, n. (finno), support, prop,
Ov.
nrniamentum -i, n. (firmo), a means' of
support, a prop ; 1, lit., transversaria tigna quae
ttrmamentu esse possint, Cic, Caes.; 2, transf.,
a, reipublicae, Cic. ; b, in rhet., the main point
of an argument, Cic.
firmator -oris, m. (firmo), one who makes
firm or establishes, Tac
firme, adv. (firmus), ./irm?.y, steadfastly; aliquid
comprehendere, Cic. ; firmissime asseverare, Cic.
nrmitas -atis, f. (firmus), firmness, dura-
bility. A. Lit., corporis, Cic B. firmness,
strength of mind, constancy ; animi, Cic.
firmiter, adv. (firmus), firmly, strongly;
firmiter insistere, Caes. ; firmiter stabilire ali-
quem, Cic.
firmitudo -dinis, f.(firmus), firmness, strength.
A. Lit., operis, Caes. B. Transf., strength, firm-
ness, constancy ; animi, Cic
firmo, 1. (firmus), to make firm, strengthen. I.
Lit., urbem colonis, Cic ; castra munimentis, Liv.
II. Transf., a, to make durable, to make secure;
(a) vestigia pinu, steady his steps 6y,.Verg. ; (£)
politically, rempublicam, Cic; b, to make strong,
to strengthen; (a) p^jsically, vires, Verg. ; vocein.
Cic; (0) morally, animnra adolescentis nondum
consilio et ratione firmatum, Cic; (y) to en-
courage, cheer, animate; nostros, Caes.; aliquem
alloquio, Tac. ; c, to prove, establish ; aliquid
rationibus or jurejurando, Cic
Fir 111 um -i, n. a. town in Pictnum, now
Fermo. Adj., FirmanUS -a -urn, of OT belong-
ing to h'irmum.
firmus a -uin, firm, strong, stout. I. Lit.,
ramus, Cic. ; with dat., area firma templis ac
porticibus sustinendis, Cic. II. Transf., 1,
physically strong, powerful, healthy ; a, corpus,
Cic; b, milit., strong ; enuitatus et peditatus,
Cic; ad .ibui.'ar.iv.r.vC'aes.; 2, of tjjme, duraUe,
lasting; firmissima vina, which keep, Verg. ;
transf., lasting, valid; acta Caesaris, Cic; 3,
morally and mentally strong ; a, steadfast, jinn,
imwwva We ; animus, Cic ; accusator, Cic; con-
tra pericula, Sail.; firmior in sententia, Cic ; b,
sure, firm, to be relied upon; litterae, Cic. ; spes,
Cic. ; with abl., copiae et numero et genere et
fidelitate firmissimae, Cic. ; with ad and the ace,
firnios (cos) milites ad tuendas nostras res effi-
eere, Cic.
fiscella -ae, f. (dim. of flscina), a small rush
or wicker basket, Verg.
fiscma -ae, f. (fiscus), a small liasket of wicker-
work, Cic.
flSCUS -i, m. a wicker basket ; 1, a money-
basket, money-bag, purse, Cic; meton. = money,
Juv. ; 2, the state treasury, Cic ; 3, under the
empire, the emperor's private purse (opp. aerar-
ium, the state treasury), Tac
fissilis -e (findo), that can be cloven or split ;
lignum, Verg.
fissio -onis, f. (findo), a splitting, cleaving,
dividing ; glebarum, Cic. » ,
fissum -i, n. (findo), a spi:t, cleft; in augury,
a divided liver, Cic.
fia
226
fla
fifituca or festiica -ae, f. a rammer, mallet,
Cses.
fistula -ae, f. I. Lit., a tube, pipe; esp. a
water-pipe, usually of lead ; listulas, quibus
aqua suppcditabatur Jovis templis, praeeidere,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a reed-pipe, a shepherd's
pipe, a reed; eburneola, a pitch-pipe of ivory,
Cic. ; 2, a kind of nicer, fistula, Nep.
fistulator -oris, m. (fistula), one who plays
upon the reed-pipe, one who gives a note with the
pitch-pipe, Cic.
fixus -a -um, p. adj. (from Ago), firm, fixed, im-
movable ; vestigia, Cic; flxum est, U is fixed
determined, Cic. ; decretum, Cic.
fiabellum -i, n. (dim. of flabrum), a small
fni, Prop. ; fig., cuius lingua quasi flabello sedi-
tionis ilia tarn est egentium contio ventilata,
Cic.
flabilis -e (flo), airy, Cic.
flabrum -i, n. (flo), gen. in plur. flabra
-Orum, blasts of wind, breezes, Verg.
flacceo, 2. (flaccus), to be faint, weak, languid;
transf., to fail or flag man -under; iking; Messala
flaccet, Cic.
flaccesco, 3. (inch, from flacceo), to begin to
faile, to become faint, weak, languid; flaccescebat
oratio, Cic.
flacoldus -a -um (flaccus) ; withered, flabby,
flaccid, weak, languid, Lucr.
1. flaccus -a -um, 1, flabby, flaccid, Varr. ;
2, of men, flap-eared, Cic.
2. Flaccus, Q. Horatius, v. Horatius.
3. Flaccus, C. Valerius, v. Valerius,
flagello, 1. (flagellmn), to whip, scourge, beat;
robora parte caudae, Ov.
flagellum -i, n. (dim. of flagrum), a whip,
scourge. I. Lit, a, Cic, Hor. ; fig., the scourge of
cntiscience, Juv., Lucr.; b, a riding-whip, Verg.
IL Transf., A. the thong of a javelin, Verg. B.
o i/oioi(7 sprout, vine-shoot, Verg. C. Plur.,
flagclla, the arms of a polypus, Ov.
fiagitatifr-unis, f. (flagito), an earn est demand
or entreaty, Cic.
flagltator -oris, m. (flagito), one who ear-
nestly demands or entreats, Cic. ; with genit.,
pugnae, Liv.
flagltldse, adv. (flagitiosus), shamefully,
basely, disgracefully, infamously; impure ac flagi-
tiose vivere, Cic. ; sumus flagitiose imparati,
Cic; alicuius amori fiagitiosissime servire, Cic.
flagitiosus -a -um (fingitium), shameful,
disgraceful, infamous; flagitiosa atque vitiosa
vita, Cic. ; flagitiosuiu est, with ace. and infln.,
Sail. ; flagitiosuiu duco, with infln., Liv.
flagitlum -Ii, n. (root FLAG, whence fl.v'* )
I. a disgraceful action, shameful crime, shame,
disgrace, infamy; factum flagitii plenum et de-
decoris, Cic. : ista flngitia Democriti, shameful
expressions, Cic. II. Meton., scoundrel, rascal;
flagitia atque facinora, Cic.
flagito, 1. (root FLAG, whence also flag-ro)
= flagranter posco, to entreat, ask, demand ear-
nestly. I. Gen., a, of persons, alicuius auxuium,
Cic. ; mcrcedem gloriae ab aliquo, Cic. ; with
double ace, aliquem frumentum, Cic; with nt
and the subj., semper fiagitavi ut convocavemur,
Cic. ; with infln., Hor. ; absol., flagitat t.ibellar-
ius, Cic; b, of abstract subjects, quae teiupus
flagitat, Cic. II. Esp., a, to demand to know;
posco atque adeo flagito crimen, Cic. ; b, to
demand; fllium ab aliouo, Cic ; c, to summon
before a court of justice; aliquem peculatorem, Tac
flagrans -antis, p. adj. (from flagro), burn inn.
L Gen., A. Lit., telum, lightning, Verg. ; flag-
rantissimus aestus, Liv. B. Transf., glowing
with passion, eager, vehement, ardent; ciipidifad,
Cic. ; multitudo, Cic. II. Esp., a, oftlieeves,
glowing; oculi, Ov. ; b, of colour, glittering;
flagrans sidereo clipeo, Verg.
flagranter, adv. (flagrans), eagerly, ardenthji
vehemently ; cupere, Tac.
flagrantla -ae, f. (flagro), glowing ; ocub.
orum, Cic.
flagro, 1. (root FLAG, 6k. *AEr-<o, connected
with FLA-rc), toblaze, burn, glow, flame. I. Lit,
1, to burn ; onerariae flagrantes, Cic. ; 2, to
glow, glitter; flagrant lumina nyniphae,Ov. II.
Transf., 1, of concrete subjects, esp. of persons,
a, Italia flagrans bello, Cic ; invidia propter
interitum C. Gracchi, Cic. ; b, to glow or bum
with passion, to be eager, vehement; desiderio,
araore, cupiditate, odio" studio dicendi, Cic. ; 2,
of abstract subj., flagrabant vitia libidiuis apud
ilium, Cic
flagrum -i, n. (root FLAG, Gr. n.Mir ov
ITAIIK, jrAijo-o-w), o scourge, whip, used for
punishing slaves; flagro caedi, Liv.
1. flamen -Inis, rn. the priest of some par-
ticular deity; there were three flamines majores,
Dialis. of Jupiter (the highest in rank), Parti-
alis, of Mars, and QuirinalisY of Hamulus, and
twelve flamines minores (Vulcani, Florae, etc.);
flaminem inaugurare, Liv.
2. flamen -inis, n. (flo). I. ablowing, blast;
flamina venti, Lucr. II. Meton., A. the wind;
ferunt sua flamina classem, Verg. B. (like
mevfiara avKwv) flamina tibiae, the notes of a
flute, Hor.
flaminica -ae, f. (sc. uxor), the wife of a
flamen ; flaminica Dialis, Tac.
Flamininus, a surname of the patrician
Gens Quinctia ; v. Quinctius.
flaminium -i, n. (flamen, sc sacerdotium
or inunus), the office or dignity of a flamen, Cic.
Fldminius -a -um, name of a Roman gens,
the most celebrated member of which was C. FUnnin-
ius, who, when censor, built a circus and made one
of the chief military roads in Italy, and who,
when consul, was defeated by Hannibal at the
battle of Locus Trasimenus. Adj., Flaminian.
Hence, Flamimanus -a -um, of ov belonging
to Flaminius.
flamina -ae, f. (for flag-ma, from root FLAG,
whence flag-ro), a flame, blaze, blazing fire. I.
Lit., A. Gen., effusa ftamma pluribus loris re-
luxit, Liv. ; se flamma" eripere, Cie. ; flammam
eoneipere, to catch fire, Caes. ;prov., prills undis
flamina (sc. misceatur), sooner will fire mingle
with water, of something impossible, ap. Cic.
B. Meton., a, a flaming star, lightning, Verg. ;
b, glitter; galea flammas vomens, Verg. IL
Transf., A. Gen., belli, invidiac, Cic. B. Esp.,
the fire or glow of passion, esp. of love; amons,
Cic. ; gulae, raging hunger, Cic. ; nltrix flamma,
burning revenge, Cic
flammeolum -i, n. (dim. of flammeum), ft
small bridal veil, Juv.
flammesco, 3. (flamma), to become inflamed,
Lucr.
flamme'us -a -um (flamma), fiery, flame-like,
flaming. I. Adj., A. Lit., stella, Cic. B. Transf.,
flame-colouredJUry-red ; eorpora, Lucr. ; vestigia,
in hot haste, Cat. II. Subst, flammeum -i,
n. a flame-colouredbri'lal veil; flammeum capcre,
Cat.
flammifer -fere -ferum (flamma and fero),
flame-bearing, flaming, fiery, Ov.
flammo, 1. (flamma). I. Intransit., to flame,
blaze, burn ; flammantia lumina, glittering,
Verg. II, Transit., to set on fire, Inflame. A,
Lit., nt intcrircntcnicibus affixi ant llammandi,
fla
oo
?
lio
Tac. B. Transf., flauimato corde, with angry
passion, Verg.
nammiila -ao, f. (dim. of flamma), a Utile
fame, Cic.
flatus -us, m. (flo), a blowing, blast. I. Gen.,
Alpini boieae, Verg. ; fig., prospcro flatu for-
tunae uti, Cic. II. breathing. A. Lit, 1, flatus,
the breath, Verg.; 2, a, snorting; gquorum,
Verg. ; b, blowing on a flute, Hor. B. Transf.,
haughtiness, arrogance, gen. iuphir., Verg.
flaveo, 2. (flavus), to he yellow or gold-coloured ;
partic, flavens, yellow, golden; coma, Verg.;
arena, Verg.
flavesco, 3. (flaveo), to become, yellow or gold-
coloured ; campus flavescet arista, Verg.
Flayina -ae, f. a town in F.truria. Adj.,
Flavmlus -a -nm, of or belonging to Flavina.
Flavlus -a -inn, name of a Roman gens, to
which the Emperors Vespasian, Titus, and Domi-
tian belonged; hence Flavins = Donation, Juv. ;
Cn. Flavins, a freedman of Appius Claudius
Caecus, who first 'published the formulae used in
law-suits. Hence 1, Flavialis -is, m. (with or
without Aamen), the flu men of the gensFlaria;
2, adj., Flavianus -a -um, Flavian.
flavus -a -um (root FLA, whence fla-gro),
golden-yellow, gold-coloured, yellow; arva, Verg.;
crines, Verg. ; aurum, Verg. ; decern llavi, ten
gold pieces, Mart.
• flebllis -e (fleo) I. Pass., lamentable, wretch-
ed, deserving tears; ilia species, Cic. II. Act,
causing lamentation or tears, tearful, doleful; a,
of things, gemitus, Cic. ; b, of persons, weeping;
Ino, Hor.
flebiliter, adv. (flebilis), tearfully, dolefully,
Cic.
flecto, flexi, flexum, 3. I. Transit, to bend,
how, twist, curve. A. 1, lit, membra, Cic. ;
iter suuni or viam, to diverge from one's march
or journey, Li v. ; 2, transf., a, to modulate
(the voice), vocem, Cic; flexus sonus, a melan-
choly tone, Cic; b, to change, alter; vitam,
Cic. ; fata deuni, Verg. ; to move, to mole a per-
son change his opinion; animum or aliquem,
Cic ; flecti miscrieordia, Liv. ; nihil flexerunt
aminos quin eollem defenderent, Liv. B. to
bend, turn, direct; 1, lit, equos, Caes. ; currum
de foro in Capitolium, Cic; acies (=oculos)
hue, Verg. ; middle, flecti in gyrum, to turn
round m a circle, Ov. ; transf., of places, flectere
se or middle flecti, to turn towards; nine (silva)
se flectit sinistrorsus, Caes. ; 2, transf., to turn
from, dissuade from; aliquem a proposito, Liv. ;
a studio ad iinpcrium, Cic. C. to double, sail
round; Leucatam, Cic. II. Intransit, A. to
turn, go; ad Oceanum, Liv. B. Transf., ad
sapientiam, Tac
" fleo, flEvi, Actum, 2. I. Intransit., a, to weep;
de hln niorte, Cic. ; lapides Acre ct lamcntari
cogere, Cic. ; b, of fluids, to trickle down, Lucr.
II. Transit., to weep for, lament, bewail. A. Lit.
jnvenem, Ov. ; Alii necem, Tac. ; with ace and
iiilin., Verg. ; flendus, worthy of being lamented,
Ov. ; lletus, wept for, lamented, Verg. B. Transf.,
cava testudine nmorein, sing mournfully of, Hor
(Syneop. pert forms flesti, Ov. ; Hermit, Verg. :
nesse, Liv.).
1. Actus -a -um (partic. of fleo).
2. fletus -us, )n. (fleo), a weeping, bewailing;
prae fletu, Cic. ; clamore et fletu omnia complere,
Cic. ; urbe tota* fletus gemitusque fieret, Cic
flexanlmus -a -um (flecto and animus), 1,
moving, affecting; oratio, Cic: 2, effected,
touched, moved; ap. Cic.
flexibilis -e (flecto), that can be lent, flexible.
A. Lit,, materia rerun), Cic B. Transf., a, of
the voice, vocis genus, Cic. ;• b, of speed",
nihil est. tarn flexibile quam oratio, Cic ; c, of
persons, pliant, tradable, or in a bad sense,
changeable.; aetas, Cic; quid potest esse tarn
flexibile, Cic.
flexilis -e (flecto), flexible, pliant, supple'
cormi, Ov.
flexiloquus -a -um (flexus and loquor),
having two meanings, equivocal, ambiguous, Cic.
flexio -finis, f. (flecto), hauling, I. Gen.,
virili latcrum flexione, Cic. ; transf., voei.s or
inodomrn,mod%ilation of tlie voice, Cic. II. Esp.,
turning, winding; deverticula flexionesque, Cic
flexlpes -pedis (fli""s and pes), crooked-
footed ; hederae, twining, Ov.
ftexuostis -a-uin (flexus), full of windings
and turnings, crooked; iter (of the ear), Cic.
flexura -ae, f. (flecto), a bending, Lucr.
1. flexus -a-uin, partic. of flecto.
2. flexus -us, m. (flecto), a bending. I.
Middle, bending oneself, turning, winding. A.
Gen., 1, lit, a, cervicis, Ov. ; b, a turning of
a road, by-path; in quo flexus est ad iter Ar-
pinas, Cic; 2, variation, modification, change;
reruiu publicarum, Cic. B. Iii the circus, the
turning round of the chariots towards the goal;
fig., in hoc flexu quasi aetatis, Cic. IL Pass.,
being turned, turning, winding; duros introitus
habent (aurcs) multis cum flexibus, Cic ; flexus
vail mm, Liv.
flictus -iis, m. (fligo), a striking together,
dashing against; cavac dant sonitum flictu
galeae, Verg.
fligo, 3. toheut or dash down, Lucr.
flo, flSvi, flatum, 1. I. Intransit, of winds,
to blow; qui ventus in his locis flare consuovit,
Cic. ; ita belle nobis ab Epiro flavit Onchesmitc.s,
Cic. ; of persons, scintillam levein flando acceiid-
erunt, Liv. ; of the flute, pro tin us infiexo Bere-
cyntia tibia cormi flabit, Ov. II. Transit, A.
a, to blow forth from the mouth ; flaniniain, Lucr. ;
b, to blow an instrument; furiosi tibia flatur,
Ov. B. to cast metals, to make into coin, to coin;
flare peeuniam, Cic.
floccus -i, m., a lock of wool, Varr. ; uonflocci
facere, to think nothing of, Cic.
Flora -a_e, f. (flos), the goddess of flowers.
Adj., Floralis -e, belonging to Flora; subst,
Floralia -Inm and -iorum, n. the festived of
Flora </)i the 1~th of April; Floralicius -a -un),
relating to the festival of Flora.
Hor ens -cutis, ]>. adj. (from floreo), blooming;
1, fresh, fine, vigorous; a, of orators, etc., florens
orationis genus, Cic. ; b, of age, aetas, Cic. ;
2, glittering, splendid, prosperous, flourishing;
(a).fcrtuna, Caes.; res publicaflorentissima,Cic;
(0) with abb, distinguished for; gratia atque
hospitiis florens hominuil) nobilissimoruni, Cic.
Florentia -ae, f. a town in F.truria, now
Florence. Adj., Florentlnus -a-uin, Florentine.
floreo iii, 2. (flos). I. to bloom, flower. A. Lit,
haec arbor ter floret, Cic. B. Fig., a, of things,
verborum vetus intent aetas, et juvcuuiu ritu
florent modo uata virentque, Cic; b, of persons,
to be in one's prime, to prosper, be flourishing, be
in high repute; floret Epicurus, Cic; with abl.,
gratia et auctoritnte, Cic ; honoribus, Cic II.
Transf, A. Poet., to he full of; tibi painpineo
gravidus auctumno floret ager, Verg. B. to
glitter; florentes aere catervae, Verg. C. Of
wine, to froth, Ov.
floresco, 3. (inchoat of floreo), to begin tt-
blossom, come into flower. A. Lit, Cic. B.
Transf., to begin to flourish; Sulpicius ad suni-
niani gloriain florescens, Cic.
flo
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fioreus -a -um (flos), 1, made of flowers; serf a,
Tib. ; 2, rich in flowers, flowery ; rura, Verg.
floridulus -a -tim (dim. of floridus), some-
what blooming, Cat.
floridus -a -um (flos), flowery. I. Lit., a,
blossoming; ramuli, Cat.; b, made of flowers;
serta, Ov. ; plur. subst, florida et varia, Cic. ; c,
rich in flowers; Hybla, Ov. II. Transf., a, of
age, flourishing ; aetas, Cat. ; b, of expressions,
flowery, florid; Demetrius est floridior, Cic.
florlfer -f<?ra -ferum (flos and fcro), flovier-
bearing, Lucr.
florilegns a -urn (flos and lego), culling
flowers ; apes, Gv,
Florus -i, m. a Roman historian of the time
of Trajan and Hadrian, who compose/I an epitome
of Roman history from the foundation of the city to
the age of Augustus.
flos, floris (connected with cf>Ados), a flower,
blossom. I. A. Lit, floruin omnium varietas,
Cic. B. Meton., flores, the juice of flowers,
Verg. II. Transf., A. the prime, flower; 1,
gen., Graeciae, Cic. ; virium, Liv. ; 2, esp., flos
aetatis, the flower of youth, Cic; so flos juventae,
Liv. B. the flower = the best, the finest, the
pride ; 1, gen., flos totius Italiae ao robur, Cic. ;
floreni et colorem defuisse, grace of expression,
Cic; Baechi, strength, Lucr.; 2, esp., llos juv-
enilis, the first beard, down, so simply flos, Verg.;
flaniiiiae, glitter, Lucr.
flosculus -i, m. (dim. of flos), a little flower.
I. Lit., licta omnia tamquam flosculi decidunt,
Cic. ; omni ex genere orationis flosculos carpam,
Cic. II. pride ; o qui flosculus es Juventiorum,
Cat.
fluctIfrSgU.8 -a -um (fluctns and l'rango),
wave-breaking, Lucr.
fluctuatio -onis, f. (fluctuo), a moving back-
wards and forwards, fluctuation; transf., in-
decision ; animorum, Liv.
fluctuo, 1. (fluctns). I. to be in ware-like
motion, move up and down. A. Lit., mare,
Plant. B. 1, to heave, undulate ; fluctuat tcllus
sere lenidenti, shimmers, Verg.; 2, to rage; ira
fluctuat, Verg, II. to move up and down in the
sea, to he. tossed, about. A. Lit., of men and
ships, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to waver ; acies fluc-
tuans, Liv. ; of speech, oratio quasi flnctuans,
Cic.; 2, to waver in resolve, to vacillate; in suo
decreto, Cic.
fluctuor -atus sum, i. .'.?p., to waver, vacil-
late; fluctuatus animo est, utrum . . . an, Liv.
flnctiiosus -a -um (fluctns), full of wares,
stormy ; mare. Plant.
fluctns -us, in. (fluo). I. a streaming, flaw-
ing, Lucr. II, a wave, wave of the sea, billow;
a, sing., flnetn operiri, Cic. ; b. plur., fluctns
sedan-, Cic; prov., exeitare fluctns in simpulo,
• much ado about nothing, Cic. ; fig., com-
motion, disturbance; fluctns contionum, Cic;
viarum, Verg.
fluens -entis, p, adj. (fluo). I. A. flowing,
easy, fluent ; tracts quaedam et Aliens oratio.
Cic. B. unrestrained, diffuse ; at nc am dis-
solnta ant flnens sit oratio, Cic. II. hanging
down, flabby; baccae flnentes, Cic.
fluenter, adv. (fluo), in a flowing manner,
Luer.
fluentisonus -a -um (fluenfum and sono),
resounding with waves, Cat.
flucntum -i, n. (lino), running water, a
stream ; ranca Cocyti, Verg.
fluidus -a -um (fluo), flowing, fluid. A. Lit,,
cruor, Verg. B. Transf., a, lav, languid, flarcid ;
frondes, Lucr. ; ])endere lacertos Ov. ; b, die-
sol ring ; calor, Ov.
fliiito, 1. (intens. of fluo), to flow hither ftJMt
thither, A. Lit., a, of streams, waves, etc.,
fusile per rictus aurum fluitare videres, Ov. ; b,
of ships, etc., to float, more up and down, be tosseii
about on the water; navem fluitantem in alto
tempestatibns, Cic. B, Transf., a, to waver;
Ruitans testndo, Tac. ; b, to flutter, flap about ;
fluitantia vela, Ov. ; c, to be uncertain, to vacil-
late, to be doubtful; inobilia et caeca fluitantia
Borte, Hor.
flumen -inis, n. (fluo), flowing water, a stream.
1. Lit., A, Gen., flumine vivo, running water,
Verg. ; flumine secundo, downstream, Cacs. B.
Esp., (i river, a strewn, Cic ; Garvunna flumen,
Caes. II, Transf., 1, a stream of anything ; of
blood, Cic. ; of tears, Verg. ; 2, of the mind, a,
outpouring, flow; nullius tantuin flumen est.
lngenii, (Jic. ; b, of oratory, etc., flood, flow,
stream ; flumen orationis aureum, Cic.
Flumcntana porta ((lumen), the river-gate,
a gate in Rome near the Campus Martins.
flumlneus -a -inn (flumen), of or relating to
a river, Ov.
fluo, fluxi, fluxum, 3. to flow. I, Gen., A.
Lit., of fluids and fluid bodies, 1, ut fliimina in
contrarias partes fluxerint, Cic. ; fluit. de eor-
pore sudor, Ov. ; 2, to flow, drip with any liquid;
cruore, Ov.; sudore, Ov. B. Transf., 1, to flow;
a, of air, wind, etc., venti lluunt, Lucr. ; b, of
clothes, to flow down ; flnens vestis, Ov. ; c, of
the neck, to sink ; ad terrain Unit cervix, Verg. ;
d, of branches, to spread; n.aios COilipesce
flnentes, Verg.; 2, to stream, forth ; mulia a lima
manant et fluunt, Cic. ; of a crowd, turba Unit
castris, Verg. C. Fig., 1, to be spread, abroad ;
Pythagorae doctrina qmim longe lateque flueret,
Cic; 2, to be derived from; haec omnia ex
eodem fonte fluxerunt, Cic. ; 3, to flovj down ;
a, to proceed without interruption ; in rebus
prosperis et ad voluntatein fluentibus, Cic; b,
to tend to; res fluit ad interregnum, Cic. ; c, of
oratory, to be diffuse, lax, Cic. II. A. '" slacken,
become weak; mollitie or mollitiis, Cic; fluunt
sudore et lassitudine membra, Liv. B. 1, to
fall down; fluent anna de manibus, Cic; 2, to
disappear, fall gradually; a, lit., poma, Ov. ;
b, fig., to vanish; fluit volnptas corporis, Cic.
fluto, 1. (for fluito), to flow, float, swim, Luer.
fluvlalis ,-e (fluvius), of or belonging to a
rirer ; undae, Verg.; anas, Ov.
fluviatllis -e (fluvius), of or belonging to a
river; testndo, Cic.
fluvidus -a -um (fluo), flowing, fluid, Lucr.
fluvius -ii, m. (fluo), 1, flowing water, Verg. ;
2, stream, river; fluvius Eurotas, Cic.
fiuxio -onis, f. (fluo), a flowing, flood, Cic.
1. fluxus -a -um. p. adj. (fluo), flowing. A.
waring, fluttering, loose; crines, Tac; habena,
Liv. B. Transf., a, uncertain, inconstant,
changeable; gloria, Sail.; b, of character, vacil-
lating; animus, Sail.; c, decaying, declining,
tottering; murorum aevo fluxa, Tac; res, Cic
2. flllXUS -us, in. (fluo), a flowing, Plin. ;
transf., antunfhi, the passing away of autumn,
Tac.
focale -is, ii. (for faucale, from faux), a wrap-
per for the neck, Hor.
foculus -i, m. (dim. of focus), 1, a small
store, fur cooking, brazier, Jnv. ; 2, a small altar,
Ci'-.
fScus -i, in. (root. FO, whence also foveo), a
fireplace. A. Gen., Ov. B. Esp., 1, the fire-
place in a house, hearth ; a. lit., Cic; b, meton.,
house, family, home; domo pf, foeis patrlis ali-
quem ejicere, Cic ; 2, an altar, Ov. ; 3, the fire
of a funeral pile, Verg.
fod
22$
for
fodlCO, 1. (fodio), to dig, pierce; latus, to dig
in the ribs, Hor. ; trans f., fodicantibus iis rebus
qttas malas esse opinemur, troubling, vexing, Cic.
fodio, fodi, fossuni, 6. (root FOD, Gr. BO0,
whence 0d0po?), to dig. I. Iutransit., fodit,
iuvenit ami aliquautum, Cic. II. Transit., A.
to dig ; 1, humum, Verg. ; 2, to dig out; ar-
gcutuni, Liv. ; to excavate; piitcum, Cats.;
absol., fodientes, miners, Liv-. B. to pierce; 1,
a, pectora Idis, Ov. ; aversos (clephautos) sub
i-audis, Liv. ; b, to gouge out; luiiiina, Ov. ; 2,
transf., of grief, pungit dolor . . . fodiat sane,
Cic.
foecundus, foecundo - fccuudus, fecuudo
(rj.V.). _
foede, adv. (1. foedus), foully, horribly,
cruelly ; foede exercere vietoriam, Liv. ; foed-
ius pulsi, Liv. ; foedissime agere causam, Cic.
foederatus -a-uni (2. fuedus), confederate,
allied; civitates, Cic.
foedlfragus -a -um (2. foedus and fraugo),
treaty-breaking ; Poeni, Cic.
foedltas -atis, f. (1. foedus),/ouh(e4-s, hideous-
nest, ftlthiness ; a, physical, odoris intolerabilis
foeditas. Cic. ; vestitus, Cic. ; b, moral, turpiricati
aniiui, Cic; decreti, Liv.
foedo, 1. (1. foedus) to make foul, vialce filing,
defile, pollute, deform, disfigure. A. Lit., pectora
puguis, Verg. ; canitiem pulvere, Ov. ; aliquid
sanguine, Ov. ; serenos 'vultus, Verg. ; agri
t'oedati, laid waste, Liv. B. Transf., to dis-
honour, disgrace; aliquein nefario scelere, Cic.
1. foedus -a -um, foul, filthy, horrible, abomin-
able, detestable; a, physically, monstrum foed-
issimum, Cic; foedi oculi, staring, bloodshot,
Sail. ; with dat., pestileiitia foeda honiini, Liv. ;
with supine, rem non modo visu foedam sed
etiam auditu, Cic. ; b, morally, bellum foed-
issi nuuii, Cic. ; ludos vero noil facere, quid
foedius? Cic; with supine, lbedum inceptu, Liv.
2. foedus -eris, n. a league. I. Lit., a,
between states, foedus facere cum aliquo, or
icere, or ferire, Cic. ; foedus frangere, rumpere,
violare, Cic. ; b, a compact, covenant, agreement
between individuals ; atuorum, Cic; scelerum,
Cic. II. Foet., a law, Verg.
foem . . ., foen ... v. fern . . ., fen . . .
foeteo, 2. to have a bad smell, Plaut.
foetidus (faetldus, fetidus) -a -um, adj.
with com par. (foeteo), ftaving a bad smell,
•Linking , fetid ; os, Cic.
foetor-oris, m. (foeteo), a bad smell, stink, Cic.
foetus, v. fetus.
Folia -ae, f. a witch of Arimiwnn.
foliatum -i, n. (folium), a salve or oil of
spikenard leaves, Juv.
folium -H, n. (connected with <f>vK\oi/, as
alius with aAAoj), a leaf; Sibyllae, a prophecy,
oracle written on leaves, Juv.
follioulus -i, m. (dim. of follis), a little sack
or bag, Cic.
follis -is, m. a leather bag. I. Gen., Plant.
II. Esp., 1, a pair of bellows, Cic; follis
fabrilis, Liv. ; transf., ofthe lungs, folles spirant
mendacia, Juv. ; 2, a leathern purse, Juv.
fomentum -i, n. (for fovimentum, from
foveo); 1, a poultice, fomentation, Hor.; 2,
transf., alleviation ; summorum malorum, Cic.
fomes -itis, m. (foveo), touchwood, tinder,
Verg.
1. fons -fontis, in. (orig. funs, from fuudo), 1,
a spring, well, fountain, Cic. ; mcton. poet,
fresh or spring water, Verg. ; 2, transf., spring,
origin, fountai ii , source ; philosophiae. Cic; iuris,
LiV,
2. Fons, Fontis, m.,andFontus-i, in. the son.
of Janus, god of fountains. Adj., Foiltinalis
-e, belonging to Fons ; porta, a gate in Home on.
Hie Quirinal, near the Campus Martins, Liv.
fontanus -a -Mil (Cons), belonging or relating
to a spring or fountain ; uuda, Ov.
Fontejus -a -um, mime of a Human gens.
fontlculUS -i, in. (dim. of Ions), (i little foun-
tain or spring, lior.
Fontinalis, v. 2. Fons.
for, latus, 1., dep. (<pdw, </><!>), to spoil', soy ;
esp. of gods, oracles, seers, &c. A. Gen., '<j
speak, say ; adaliquem, Cic; aliquid, Verg.; faudo
audire, hear by report, Cic. ; partic. faildus -a
-um, that which may be spoken, hence, right, law-
ful ; respersae faudo iiel'andoi|Ue sanguine arae,
Liv. B. Esp., a, of poets, to sing of, Prop. ; b,
to prophesy, Verg. (The forms which are fouud aro
fatur, fantur, fabor, fabitur, farer ; partic. pert',
fatus ; perf. fatus sum and eram ; imper. fare;
inhu. fari (farier, Verg.) ; gerund faudi, faudo;
supine fatu ; partic. pies. fans).
forabilis -e (foro), that can be bored through,
penetrable, vulnerable, Ov.
foramen -inis, n. (foro), a hole, aperture,
opening; a, natural; foramina terrae, Lucr. ;
foramina ilia quae patent ad auimum a corpore,
Cic. ; b, artificial ; convexa foramina retis, Ov.
foras, adv. (connected with forts), out of doors,
forth, out; ire foras, Ov. ; aliquein projicere
foras, Cic. ; portis se foras erumpere, Cic. ; ea
scripta foras dare, Cic. ; quae (vestigia) ubi
omnia foras versa vidit, Liv.
forceps -eipis, m. and f. a pair of tongs,
pincers, Ov.
fordus -a -um (feroj, pregnant, Ov. Subst.
forda -ae, f. (sc bos), a cow in calf, Ov.
fore, forem, -es, etc. (for fuerem from old
fuo, <t>iitij, I ain). I. forem, 1, = essem, Sail. ;
2, = fuissem, Ov. II. Infin. fore, 1, = futurum
(-am, -os, etc.) esse, Cic. ; 2, = esse, Cic.
forensis -e (forum), relating to the market or
forum. A. Gen., 1, relating to the forum ; factio,
turba, Liv. ; vestitus, dress worn out of doors,
state dress, Liv. ; 2, relating to the forum as a
place for administration of justice, legal; causa,
Cic. ; Mars, eloquence, Ov.
Forentum -i, n. townin Apulia,Tio\v Forenzo,
Hor.
forfex -flcis, c. a pair of shears or scissors,
Mart.^
f<5rica -ae, f. = a^eSpo'iy, Juv.
1. for is -is, f. (connected with 2. foris), 1, a
door; aud plur., fores; folding-doors ; claudere
forem cubiculi, Cic. ; fores aperire, Cic. ; ad
fores assistere, Cic; 2, opening, entrance; equi
aeuei, Cic
2. foris, adv. (from obsolete nom. fora) I.
out of doors, outside, without. A. Gen., aliquid
quaere foris, Cic B. Esp., a ? not at home; foris
cenare or ceuitare, Cic ; fons valde plauditur,
among the people, Cic. ; foria esse Gabinium, in
debt, Cic. ; b, outside the senate, Cic. ; c, outside
the state, outside Rome, Cic II. from without,
from abroad; aliquid foris petere, Cic.
forma -ae, f. (fero), form, figure, shape. I. A.
Lit., 1, gen., corporis, Cic. ; 2, esp. a, the face;
forma nostra reliquaque figura, Cic ; b, beauty,
Cic. B. Transf., 1, gen., form = government, con-
stitution; forma reruiu publicaruin, Cic; in
forniam provinciae redigere, Liv. ; 2, esp.
character, form, nature, kind, manner; forma
insolitae pugnae, Liv. II. figure, image, like-
ness. A. Lit., forinae virorum, Cic. ; fonnae quas
jil imlyere descripserat, Liv. B. Trausf., ft/
for
230
for
tutline, sketch ; totius negotii, Cic. ; b, in logic,
species, Cic III. form as a model ; a, a shoe-
last, Hor. ; b, a mould, stamp for coining, Ov.
formamentum -i, n. (forino), s7i«pc, form,
Lucr.
formatura -ae, f. (formo), a form, forming,
format h i, Lucr.
Formiae' -arum, f. town on the coast of
talium, famed for its wine, now Mota di Gaeta.
Adj., Formlanus -a -inn, of at belonging to
Formiae. Subst., Formlanum -i, n. (sc.
praeditim), an estate near Formiae, Cic.
formica »e, f. (connected with nvppn(), an
ant, Cic.
formidabilis -c (forniido), exciting tenor,
fearful, formidable; lumen, Ov.
1. formido, 1. (perhaps connected with
horreo), to fear, be frightened, terrified, to dread ;
omnia, Cic. ; with the inlin., uaribus uti, Hon;
with ut and the subj., Tac.
2. formido -Jnis, f. (1. forniido). I. Lit.,
A. fear, dread, terror; Stoici definiunt formid-
dinein metum permancntein, Cic. ; fonnidinein
alicui injieere, Cic. B. Esp., religions awe;
existunt horribiles formidines, Cic. II. Meton.,
'.'"it which caiises fear, Cic. ; and esp. a scarecrow,
Hor.
formidolose, adv. (fonnidolosus), fear-
fully, terribly, Cic.
formidolosus -a -um (2. formido). I.
Act., tailing fair, terrible, fearful; tempera,
Cic. ; bellimi formidolosissimum, Cic. II. Kent.,
fearful, timid; with obj. genit., forinidolosior
hostinm, Tac.
formo, 1. (forma). I. to form, shape, fashion.
A. Lit., materiam, Cic. ; orationem, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to arrange, order, regulate ; formatis
omnibus ad belli et pacts usus, Liv. ; 2, to fash'
by education and habit, to accustom, shajye; novi
collegas in suos mores, Liv. ; 3, to dispose, pre-
pare; aninios, Cic. II. to fashion out of some-
thing. A. Lit., of sculptors, etc., signum in
inuliebrcm figurnin, Cic. ; classem, tobt»7d,Cic.;
personam novam, of actors, torepresent, Hor. B.
'i'ransf., to produce, form ; quatuor modis formatas
in animis hominum deorum esse notioues, Cic.
formons ... v. fonnos .
formose, adv. (forinosiis), beautifully, grace-
fully, Prop.
formSSltaS -atis, f. (formOSUS), beauty, Cic.
formosus -a -um (forma), beautifully formed,
beautiful; virgiuea formosissimae, Cic. ; of ab-
stractions, tenipus, spring, Ov. ; virtute nihil
est formosius, Cic.
formula -ae, f. (dim. of forma), 1, a rule,
pattern, scheme; dicendi, Cic; ad formulam
vivcre, Cic; 2, esp., a, tlie form of an agreement
between the Roman senate audits alius; Lamps-
acenos in sociorum formulam referre, Liv.; b,
the rating of the. censor; censum agcre ex for-
mula, Liv.; c, legal t. t.,/orm ofvords, formula;
postulationum, testamentorum, Cic.
fomacalis -c (foniax), relating to an oven ;
deft, (he goddess of ovens (Fornax), Ov. Subst ,
Fornacalia -lum, n. the festival of the g<- ;
ltd to hare been instituted l>y Numa.
fornacula -ae, f. (dim. of Fornax), a little
oven, Jut.
fomax -ficis, f. (root FOR, connected with
fer-vr-o, Hfp-/x(k), 1, on oven, furnace, kiln ;
aniens, Cic. ; poet., Aetnae, the crater, Verg. ; 2,
person if, Fornax, the goddess of ovens, Ov.
fornlcatus -a -um (fornix), arched, vaulted;
paries, Cic. ; vie, Liv,
fornix -icis, in. an arch, vault. I. Gen.,
parietis, Cic. II. Esp., A. Fornix Fabii, a
triumphal arch erected by Q. Fabius Maximus.
B. Milit. t. t., a, an arched sally-port, Liv.; b,
a. covered way, Liv. C. a brothel, Hor.
fornus = fi'.rnus (q.v.).
foro, 1. (cf. Engl, bore), to pierce, Plant.
fors, abl. forte, f. (fero), only in noni. and abl.
sing., chance, luck. I. 1, gen., sed liaec ut fors
tulerit, Cic: 2, esp., a, abl., forte, by chance,
used with si, sin, nc, nisi, etc., Cic. ; b, adv,
fors = fortassc, by chance, Verg.; 3, tins for-
tuna, good luck; casu nut fortu fortuna, Cic.
II. Persomf. as a deity, dea Fors, Ov. ; esp.,
Fors Fortuna, Li\". ■
forsan, adv. (= fors sit an), perhaps, Liv.
forsit, adv. (fors sit), perhaps, Hor.
forsitan, adv. (fors sit an), perluips, Cic
fortasse, adv. (tors), perhaps ; a, with verbs,
dolent fortassc et anguntur, Cic; with subj.,
fortasse dixerit quispiam, Cic. ; b, with adj. and
adv., res fortasse verae, Cic; incondite fortassc,
Cic; c, with numbers, about; trigiuta fortasse
versus, Cic.
forte, v. fors.
forticulus -a -um (dim. of fortis), tolerably
strong, brave, courageous, Cic
fortis -e (old form forctis = forectis, from
fcro, orig. one that can endure much), strong,
powerful, durable. I. Lit., physically, strong,
durable, powerful, robust, stout; ligna fortissima,
Cats.; coloni. Verg. II. Transf., mentally, brave,
courageous, stout, steadfast ; 1, of persons, horum
omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, Caes. ; fortior
h "re, Cic. ; vir fortissimus contra andaciam,
Cic. ; fortis ad pericula, Cic; prov., fortes for-
tuna adjuvat, fortune favours the brave, Cic. : so
lliptically, fortes fortuna, Cic; 2, of things,
courageous, energetic; sententia, Cic ; genus
dicendi, Cic.
fortlter, adv. (fortis), 1, strongly, firmly;
fortius attrahere lora, Ov. ; 2, bravely, coura-
geously, steadfastly ; ferrc dolorem, Cic.
fortitudo -Tnis, f. (fortis), bravery, courage,
steadfastness, firmness, fortitude, Cic; plur., for-
titudines, deeds of bravery, Cic.
fortuito (fortuitu), adv. (fortuitus), by
chance, by accident, fortuitously, Cic.
fortuitus -a -um (fors), accidental, casual,
fortuitous; concursus atomoruni, Cic; subita
et fortuita oratio, unpremeditated, Cic. Subst.,
fortuita -oruni, n. chance occurrences, Tac.
fortuna -ae, f. and plur. fortunae -arum,
f. (fors), chance, fate, lot, luck, fortune. I. Gen.,
A. a, sing., prospera, secunda, good fortune,
Cic; adversa, misfortune, Cic; fortunae se or
omnia comiiiitlerc, Cic. ; b, plnr., fortunae
secundae, Cic B. Personif., Fortuna, the god-
dess of chance, Cic. ; Alius Fortunae, a favourite
of fortune, Hor. II. Esp., A. Without an
epithet, 1,= fortuna St cunda, Cic ; fort unani
silii ipsuiu lacerc, Liv. ; per fortunes ! by thy
good fortune ! for Heaven's snke.' Cic; 2,= for-
tuna adversa, contra fortunam paratus arnia-
tusque, Cic. B. 1, lit., a, lot, condition, stole,
mode of life; infiina servorum, Cic; magna, a
high position, Liv. ; b, of things, bona belli, Cic;
2, meton., a, lot, share; cui cessit triplicis
fortuna novissiina regni, Ov. ; b, property, p s-
,• gen. plur., alicui bona fortunasque
adimere, Cic.
fortunate, adv. (foi'tunatus), happily, for-
tunately; vivere, Cic.
fortunatus -a -um, p. adj. (fortuno), hapf>n,
Iwky, fortutu'le, L Ucu., homo, Cic; respub •
for
231
fra
lica, Cic; insulae, the islands of the blest, Elys-
ium, Plin. ; so furtunata nemora, Elysium, Verg.
Subst., fortuiiatUS -i, ill. a favourite of for-
tune, Cic II. Esp., well off, wealthy, rich, Cic.
fortii.no, 1. (fortuna), to make happy, bless,
■prosper ; tibi patrimonium dei fortuncut, Cic.
1. foruli -Drum, iu. (dim. of forus), a book-
case, Juv.
2. Fdriili -Sruin, ui. a place in the Sabine
country, now Civita Tommasa.
forum -i, n. (connected with furas and foris),
on open space. I. in front of a tomb, ap. Cic. II.
A. an open square, market-place, Liv. ; esp. at
Homo, 1, a, forum Romanum, or magnum, or
vetus, or simply forum, an open place at the foot
of the Palatine and Capitoline Mils, where legal,
political, and commercial business was transacted,
Cic. ; b, forum Caesaris, founded by J. Caesar,
Suet. ; c, forum Augusti, built by Augustus, Ov. ;
d, forum Trajani, built by Trajan; 2, as mere
market-places, a, forum bovarium or boarium,
tlie cattle-market, Cic. ; b, forum olitorium, vege-
table market, Liv. ; e, forum piscariinu or pisca-
toritiin, fish-market, Liv.; 3, in reference to pub-
lic business, law, and mercantile transactions,
verba de foro arripere, to use common'and vulgar
expressions, Cic. ; annos jam triginta in foro
versaris, thou hast been in business thirty years
already, Cic. ; forum attingere, to begin to apply
oneself to public business, esp. legal, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, a place of trade, Vacca, forum rerum
venalium totius regni maxime eclebratum, Sail. ;
2, the chief place or market-town of a district;
civi.tat.es quae in id forum conveucrant, which
are in that district, Cic. ; forum agere, to hold an
assize, Cic. Hence, the name of several towns,
a, Forum Appii, on the Via Appiain I.atium; b,
Forum Aurelium, in Etruria, on the J r ia Aurelia,
now Monte Alto; c, Forum Cornelii, in Gallia
Cispadana, now Imola; d, Forum Julii or
Julium. in Gallia Narbonensis, now Frejus ; e,
Forum Vocouii, in Gallia Narbonensis.
forus -i, in. 1, the gangway of a ship, Cic. ;
2, plur., a row of seats in the theatre, Liv.; 3,
plur., tlie cells of bees, Verg.
Fosi -onun, m. a German people near the
modern llitdesheim, Tac.
fossa -ae, f. (fodio), a ditch, trench ; a, fossam
ducere, Caes. ; facere, fodere, Liv. ; ooducerc,
praeducere, Cic. ; vallo et fossa cingere, Cic. ;
fossas implere, Liv.; b, canal, bed of a river;
Rlieni, Cic. ; fossae Cluiliae, Liv.
fossio -onis, f. (fodio), a digging, excavation,
Cic.
fossor -oris, in. (fodio), a digger, delver, Yerg.;
poet., a boor, clown, Cat.
fossura -ae, f. (fodio), a digging, Suet,
fotus, partic. of foveo.
fovea -ae, f. a pit as a trap for catching game,
a pitfall; in foveam incidere, Cic.
foveo, fovi, fotuni, 2. (root FO, whence
fumes, fomentum), to warm, keep warm. I. A.
Lit., 1, esp. of a bird keeping warm its eggs or
young, pullos pennis, Cic. ; 2, to bathe, foment a
wound or part of the body; vulnus lympha,
Verg.; poet., a, to heed; ora, Verg.; b, to sup-
port; colla, Verg. B. Meton., 1, to stay con-
stantly in a place; castra, Verg.; 2, hiemom
inter se luxu, pass the winter, Verg. II. Transf.,
1, to foster ; speni, Liv.; 2, to cherish; aliquem,
Cic.; 3, to support, favour ; voluntatem patrum,
Liv.
fractus -a -um, p. adj. (frango), weak, jiower-
Uss ; animus, broken-down, spiritless, Cic.
fraeno, fraenuni = freno, frcnum (q.v.).
fraga -orum, n. strawberries, Verg,
fragllis -e (frango). I. A. Lit., easily broking
fragile; rami, Verg. B. Meton., crackling)
laurus, Verg. II. Transf., a, frail, transitory)
corpus, Cic. ; res humanae, Cic. J b, weak,
nerveless; anni, Ov. ; Pediatia, Hor.
fragilitas -atis, f. (fragilis), frailly, iflgrtfa
ness; hnmani gciieris r Cic. "--• ;....'. :
fragmen -minis, ri; (frango), a piece brokeit
off, fragment; in plur., ruins; ingens montis,
Verg. ; i'ragniina navigii, Ov.; fragments, remains,
ruins, Verg., Ov.
fragmontum -i, n. (frango), a piece broken
u ff, fragment; plur., ruins; lapidis, Cic.; frag-
meuta saeptonun, Cic.
fragor -oris, m. (frango), 1, breaking (\
pieces, Lucr. ; 2, it loud noise, crash of falling
houses, Liv. ; noise of the sea, Verg. ; of thunder,
Ov. ; fragorem dare, to crash, Ov.
fragosus -a -urn (fragor). I. fragile; A.
Lit., Lucr. B. Transf., rough, uneven ; silva,
Ov. II. crashing, roaring ; torreus, Verg.
fragrans -antis, p. adj. (fragro), sweet-
scented ; niella, Verg.
fragro, 1. to smell svxet, be fragrant; un-
guento, Sail.
fragum, v. fraga.
frango, fregi, fractum, 3. (root FRAG, con-
nected with pTJyyu/uOi to break, break in pieces,
shatter, dash to pieces. I. A. Lit., 1, domum
lapidum conjectu, Cic. ; compluribus navibus
fractis, dashed to pieces, Caes. ; gulam laqueo,
to strangle, Sail.; glebas rastris, to break small,
Verg. ; 2, esp., a. to grind; fruges saxo, Verg. ;
b, to break (a limb) ; brachium, Cic. B, Transf.,
a, reflex, se frangerc, to break vp (of weather,
cold, heat, etc.), Cit. ; b, to slwrten time; dieiu
morantcm meio, Hon II. Fig., 1, to weaken;
se laborious, Cic. ; 2, a, to master, tame, sub-
due ; nationes, cupiditates,- iinpetum, Cic;
b, to discourage, dispirit, humble ; Clodium,'
Cic. ; frangi animo or fraugi, to be discouraged,
Cic; 3, to bend, touch, move; te lit wlla res
frangat, Cic. ; 4, tobreak, violate; fidein, Cic.
frater -tris, m., a brother. I. Lit., fratres
geniini, twin-brothers, Cic, Castor and Pollux,
Ov. ; fratres gemelli,Ov. ; germanus, own brother,
Cic. II. A. fratres (like aSeXfyol), brothers and
sisters, Tac. B. a, frater patruelis; Cic, and
simply frater, cousin, Cic. ; b, brother-in-law,
Liv. C. brother (as tev-ni of endearment), friend,
Cic. D. fratres, of things alike, positi . ex
online fratres (of writings), Ov.
fraterciilus -i, in. (dim. of frater), a little
brother (as term of endearment) ; ap. Cic.
fr at erne, adv. (fraternus), in a brotherly
manner, like a brother. A. Lit., facere, Cic.
B. Transf., heartily ; ab aliquo aniari, Cic.
fraternitas -atis, f. (fraternus), brotherhood,
fraternity, Tac
fraternus -a -um (for fraterinus, from frater),
brotherly, fraternal. I. Lit., hereditas, coming
from a brother, Cic. ; lyra, received by' Apollo from
his brother Mercury, Hor. ; nex, murder of a
brother, Hor. II. Transf., A. related; sanguis,
Verg. ; fraterna peto, the arms of my cousin
Achilles, Ov. B. friendly ; amor in nos, Cic.
fratricida -ae, m. (from frater and caedo),
one who kills abrollier, a fratricide, Cic.
fraudatlo -onis, f. (fraudo). deceit, fraud,
Cic.
fraudator -oris, in. (fraudo), a deceiver,
defrauder ; crcditorum, Cic.
fraudo, 1. (fraus), to cheat, defraud, deceire.
A. Lit., with abl., Caecilium magna pecunia,
Cic; niilites praeda, Liv.; creditores, Cic.;
fra
iri
Bliquem In hereditaria societate, , Cic. ; partic
subst.! fraudata -orum, n. ill-gotten gains;
fraudata restituere, Caes. ; B. Transf., to steal,
embezzle ; stipendium equitvun, Caes.
fraudiilentla -ae, f. (fraudulentus), deceit-
fr.lnens, Plaut.
fraudulentus -a -um (fraus), deceitful,
fixiwiulent; Carthaginienses, Cic. ; vcuditio, Cic.
fraus, firaudia, f. deceit, deception, fraud.
•I. A. Lit., 1, fraus odio digna niajore, Cic. ;
sine fraude, honourably, Caes.; fraudem facere
legi, Liv., or contra legem, Liv., or senatus
consnlto, Cic. ; 2, self-ileccption, error; in
fraudem incidere,delabi, Cic. B. Melon., injury,
damage, loss, caused by deception ; alicui fraudem
ferre, or alicui fraudi esse, to cause loss to, Cic.
II. a crime, offence; fraudem suscipere, Cic;
fraudem cupitalem admittcre or audere, Cic.
(genit. plur. fraudium and fraudum).
fraxineus -a -um (fraxinus), of ash-wood,
ashen ; trabes, Verg.
1. fraxinua -a -uin = fraxineus, Ov.
2. fraxinus -i, f. 1, lit., an ash-lree, Verg.;
2, meton., a spear or javelin, the shaft of which
■was made of ash-wood, Ov.
Fregellao -arum, f, town of the Volsci, in
J.atium, on the Liris, now Cepra.no. Adj., Fr£-
gellanufl, -a -um, Fregellan.
Fregenae -5rum, f. town o/Etruria.
frfimebundus -a -um (fremo), growling,
muttering, Murmuring, Ov.
fr^midus -a -um (fremo), raging, Ov.
fr&nitus -us, m. (fremo), a low murmuring,
muttering, growling noise, murmur, roar; mur-
murantis maris, Cic. ; terrae, Cic. ; egentium,
Cic.; equorum, Liv.; apnra.-Jf'U'g.
fremo -"Qi -ituni, 3. (fipefttu), to ioar, murmur,
growl. I. Intransit., a, of animals pnd things,
feo, equus, Verg. ; fremunt ripae, rustle, Verg. ;
"b, of persons, laetitia fremunt, Verg. ; adversus
injuriam decreti fremere, Liv. II. Transit.,
1. It murmur out something, express in secret,
jrvnSk, complain; uno onines eadcin ore freine-
bant. Verg.; with ace. and inlin., falsns esse et
a scriba vitiataa (litteras) fremobant, Liv. ; haec
frenuiit plebs, Liv. ; jam vero Arrius cuiisulatuin
uibi ereptum fremit, Cic. ; 2, to demand, call for
with tears or rage ; arma, Verg.
fre'mor -oris, m. (fremo), murmuring ; varius,
Verg.
frondo. fresum (freasum), o., X, intransit.,
with or without dentibus, to gnash the teeth,
Cic. ; 2, transit., to crush, bruise, grind ; fabain,
Varr._
frenl -drum, m. v. frenum.
freno, 1. (frenum), to bridle, curb; 1, lit.,
equos, Verg. ; 2, trausf., to curb, restrain, check,
hold in; cursus aquarum, Verg. ; furores, Cic.
Frentani -6ruin, m. a Samnite people on Vie
east coast of Italy. Hence, adj., Frentanus
-a, -um, Frentanian.
frenum -i, n., plur. frena -orum, n., and
frenl -orum, m. (frendo), bridle, reins, bit;
frena remittere, to give the reins to, Ov. ; so frena
dare, Ov. ; frenos inhibere, to draw in, Liv.;
fig., frenos dare inipotenti naturae, to give full
liberty to, Liv. ; altcui frenos adhibere, to bridle,
Cic. ; frenos recipere, to submit to the rein, Cic. ;
frenum mordere, to clurfe against restraint, Cic.
(in prose, num. pi, freni and ace. plur. fronos
eoiiiliionur tlian frena).
frequens -entis. I. of apace, A. Act., of
a crowd, etc., numerous, crowded ; legatio, Liv. ;
aenatus, Cic. B. Pass., of \\a,cw, full, frequented,
filled, populous; theatrum, Cic. ; municipium,
Cic, ; with abl. t freouens cqstodiis locus, Liv.
II. of time, A. Act., frequent, constant; rlat-
onis auditor, Cic. ; cum aliquo frcquentcm esse,
to be often in a person's company, Cic. B. P.iss.,
frequently used, numerous ; pocula, Cic.
frequentatio -Onis, f. (frequento^./regiieju'j,
frequent use ; argumentorum, Cic.
frequentatus -a -um (partic. of frcquento),
full of, abounding in; genus sentontiis frequent-
atiini, Cic.
frequenter, adv. (frequens), frequently,
numerously, in large numbers. 1, quum ad emu
frequenter per eos dies ventitaturos se esse
dixissent, Cic. ; 2, frequently, often ; adhibenda
frequentiusetiamilla omamenta rerum sunt, Cic.
frcquentia -ae, f. (frequens), 1. a large
concourse, numerous assembly ; civiiim, Cic. ; frc-
quentia crescere, to increase in population, Liv. ;
2, a large number, abundance ; scpulcroruui, Cic.
frequento, l. (frequens); I. A. a, of
persons, to collect in large numbers; de doino
scribas ad aerariuni, Cic. ; b, trausf., of things,
multa acervatim, Cic. B. to visit in large
numbers; a, to attend upon a person in large
numbers; Mariuin, Sail.; b, to celebrate a fest-
ivity in large numbers; ferias, Cic; c, to make
aplace populous, to people ; urbes, Cic. ; solitud-
inem Italiae, Cic. II. A. to visit frequently, to
frequent; domum, Cic. B. to repeat constantly ;
verbi translationem, Cic.
fresus (fressus) -a -um, v. frendo.
iretum -i, n., and fr^tus -us, m. (connected
with pceiv and peiSpov), 1, a, lit., the sea ; fretus
Hadriae, Hor. ; b, the spring (as the time of
transition from cold to heat), Lucr. ; c, heat, vio-
lence, raging ; aetatis, Lucr. ; 2, re strait, sound,
frth, channel; gen., a, Siciliensc, the Straits of
Messina, Cic. ; nostri maris et ocean i, the Straits
of Gibraltar, Sail. ; b, esp., the Straits of
Messina, Cic.
1. fretus -a -um (from unused freo = I strength-
en), strengthened, hence relying on, confiding in,
trusting, depending on; with the alii., vobis,
Cic. ; hitelligentia vestra, Cic. ; with dat., nulli
rei, Liv. ; witli ace. mid infill., satis fretus esse
etiamnunc tolcrando ccrtamini legatuin, Liv.
2. frctUS -us, m. = frcfiiin (q.v.).
frico, filcui, frietuni, and frlcfttuin, 1. to rub,
rub dnuni ; (sus) fricat arbore. costas, Verg.
frlgeO, 2. (piyew). I. to be cold, be stiff wit]/
cold (opp. calere), corpus frigentis (of a deaii
person), Verg. II. Transf., A. to be inactive,
lifeless, languid, to flag; quum omnia consilia
frigerent, Cic B. to be coldly received, fail nj
exciting approbation ; itaque (contio) frigebat, Cic.
frigero, 1. (I'rigus), to cool, refresh, Cat.
frigeseo, frixi, 3. (frigeo). I. Lit., to become
cold ; pedes manusque, 'J'ac. II. Transf., to be-
come languid, inactive; ap. Cic.
frigide.adv. (frigidus), coldly; hence transf.,
languidly, feebly ; aliquid agere, ap. Cic.
frlgldfilus -a -uin (dim. of frigidus), 1,
somewhat cold, Verg.; 2, transf., somewhat faint,
languid, Cat.
frigidus -a -uin (frigeo), cold, frigid, coal.
I. A. Lit., fluinen, Cic. ; rura, Verg. ; annus,
winter. Verg. Subst. plur., frlglda -orum, n.
cold, Cic. ; of the chill of death or fright, Verg,
B. Transf., 1, cold, inactive, remiss, indolent ;
accusator frigidissimus, Cic ; litterae, Cic. ; 2,
of discourse, frigid, dull; calumnia, Cic. II.
Act., causing cold; sidera, Ov. ; mors, Verg.;
ruuior, chilling, causing fright, Hor.
frlgo, frixi, frictum, 3. (Qpvyu), to roost,
parch, Hor.
frj^US -oris, n. (p'YOs), cold, coolness^ coldness,
fri
283
fru
I. Lit., A» physical cold; 1, gen., vis frigoris
rt cnloris, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, the cold of winter;
propter frigora, Cues.; b, meton., (a) winter,
Verg. ; (0) a cohl place ; lYigus non habitabile,
Ov. B. animal cold ; a, of death, Verg.; b, of
fright, Verg. II. Transf., a, coldness in action,
indolence, remissness, ap. Cic; b, coldness in
behaviour, coolness, disfavour, Hor.
frigutio (frlguttio), 4. 1, to twitter, chirp,
Suet. ; 2, to stammer, Plaut.
frlo, 1. to rub, crumble, Lucr.
Frisii -drum, m. the Frisians. Adj., Fris-
lus -a -urn, Frisian.
fritillus -i, m. a dice-box, Juv.
frivolus -a -ran (frio), silly, trifling, miser-
able, worthless, Plin. Subst, frivola -orum, n.
wretched furniture, Juv.
frondator -oris, m. (1. frons), one who cuts
off leaves, a pruner of trees, Verg.
frondeo, 2. (1. frons), to be in leaf, be leafy,
green with leaves ; nunc frondent silvae, Verg.
frcndeseo, J. (inchoat. of frondeo), to come
into leaf, put forth leaves, Cic.
frondeus -a -uni (1. frons), leafy, full of leaf,
covered with leaves; neiniis, Verg.; tecta, leafy
coverts — trees in full leaf, Verg.
frondifer -fera -ferum (1. frons and fero),
leaf-bearing : leafy, Lucr.
frondosus -a -urn (1. frons), full of leaves,
leafy; ramus, Verg.
1. frons, frondis, f. A. a, leaf, leafy twig
or branch, foliage; via interclusa frondibus et
virgultis, Cic. B. Meton., a chaplet or crown of
leaves, Hor.
2. frons, frontis, f. theforehead, brow. I. Lit.,
a, frontem contrahcie, to frown, Cic; explicare,
tn unwrinkle the broiv, become cheerful, Hor.;
frontem ferire or percutere, Cic; b, theforehead
as a sign of the feelings; laeta, Verg. ; sollicita,
proterva, Hor. ; fronte occultare sententiam,
Cic. II. Transf., A. the outside; 1, gen., taher-
nae, Cat. ; 2, esp., the edge of a roll or volume,
Ov. B. the front, forepart; 1, gen., frons ad-
versa (moiitis), Verg. ; 2, esp. milit. t. t., a,
the van; eta fronte et atergo circumire hosteni,
Caes. ; a fronte instare, Liv. ; b, the front line
in battle ; frontem aequare, Liv. C. frontage (in
measuring land), Hor.
frontalia -lum, n. (2. frons), the frontlet of a
horse, Liv.
fronto -onis, m. (2. frons). I. a r«a>i. with a
broad forehead, Cic. II. Fronto, a Roman sur-
name.
fruotuariUS -a -ran (fructus), fruit-bearing,
fruitful ; agri quos fructuarios habent civitates,
for which a portion of the produce is paid, ap. Cic.
fructuosus -a -urn (fructus), fruit-bearing,
fruitful, fertile. A. Lit, ager, Cic. B. Transf.,
tota philosophia frugifera et fructuosa, Cic. ;
fructuosum est, with inftn., Cic.
fruotus -us, m. (fruor). I. Abstr., enjoy-
ment, enjoying. A. Lit., Plaut. B. Transf.,
ad aninii mei fructuni, for ray intellectual enjoy-
ment, Cic. II. Concr., the proceeds, profit,
produce, fruit, income. A. Lit, praediorum,
Cic ; fructus percipere, demetere, Cic. ; fructui
esse alicui, to bring profit to, Cic. ; in fructu
habere, to consider profitable, Cic. B. Transf.,
advantage, gain, profit; verae virtutis, Cic;
fructuni ferre, or capere, or percipere ex aliqua
re, Cic.
frugalis -e (frux), frugal, sparing, economical,
worthy, excellent; colonus frugalissimus, Cic.
(positive not used in class. Latin, frugi instead).
frugalitas -atis, f. (frugalis), frugality, eco-
8*
nomy, worth, excellence, Cic. ; cognomen Frugall-
tatis, the surname Frugi, Cic.
frugalitcr, adv. (frugalis), frugally, economi-
cally, worthily, honourably, Cic.
frugi, v. frnx.
fruglfer -fern -ferum (frux and fero). A.
Lit., fruit-bearing, fruitful, fertile; ager, Cic;
numen, making fruitful. Ov. ; with abl., alimentis
frugifera insula, Liv. B. Transf., profitable, ad-
vantageous; tota philosophia frugifera et fruc-
tuosa, Cic.
frugiferens -entis (frux and fero), fruitful,
fertile, Lucr.
frugilegus -a -ran (frux and lego), collecting
fruit ; formicae, Ov.
fruglparu3 -a -um (frux and pario), fruiU
fid, prolific, Lucr.
fruitus, fruiturus, v. fruor.
frumentarms -a -um (frumentum), relating
or belonging to grain or corn; res, the supply of
corn, Cic. ; lex, relating to the price of grain,
Cic. Subst., frumentarlus -ii, m. a corn-
merchant, Cic.
frumentatio -onis, f. (frumentor), a foraging,
Caes.
frumentator -oris, m. (frumentor), a forager.
provider of com, Liv.
frumentor, 1. dep. (frumentum), to forage,
fetch com ; frumentari in propinquo agro, Liv.
frumentum -i, n. (fruor), grain, com, Cic.
fruor, fructus and fruitus sum, 3. dep. 1, to
enjoy, to delight in, to derive advantage from ; with
abl., vita, Cic ; voltiptate, Cic. ; votis, to obtain
one's wishes, Ov. ; amicitiae recordatione, to tale
delight ill, Cic. ; abvl , -ji!£UndiiiR est earereiju.ini
frui, Cic; 2, '" have the use and enjoyment
fundis certis, Cic.
Frusino -onis, m. town of the Vohr; in
Lalivm, now Frosinone. Hence, Frvjsina*
-atis, of or belonging to Frusino.
frustra (for frustera, abl. of * frusterus, con-
nected with fraudo). 1, in error; frustra esse,
to be deceived, mistaken, Sail. ; 2, in vain, tt«f
lessly, without effect, unnecessarily, Cic. ; frustra
esse (alicui), to fail, Sail. ; frustra teinpus conr
tero, Cic.
frustratlo -onis, f. (frustro), failure, din-
appointment; tantae rei, Liv.
frustro.i, -*"H 4--.. irustror, l. (frustrr.).
to cheat, deceive, trick ; nos falsi atque inani
spe, Liv. ; Coccejus vide ne frustretur, Cic.
frustum -i, n. (fruor), a bit, piece, morsel of
food; frusta esculenta, Cic. ; in frusta secart,
Verg.
ft-utex -ticis, m. (perhaps connected with
j3pua>), 1, a shrub, bush, Ov. ; 2, as a term o/
reproach, blockhead, Plaut.
fruticetum -i, n. (frutex), a thicket, Hor.
frutico and frutlcor, 1. dep. (frutex), /(?
shoot out, become bushy; quaiu fruticetur (arbor),
vides, Cic.
fruticosus -a ^n, adj. witli com par. and
superl. (frutex), bushy, thick with leaves, full of
bushes, Ov.
frux, frugi s (fruor). A. Lit., fruit, produce;
non oinnem frugem neque arborem in agro
reperire, Cic. ; plur., terrac fruges bacaeve ar-
borum, Cic. B. Transf., a, fruit; fruges in-
dustriae, Cic. ; bonam Irugem libertatis fern*,
Liv. ; b, moral excellence, virtue ; ad bonam fru-
gem se recipere, to improve oneself, Cic. ; frug
used as an adj., useful, worthy, honest, discy
moderate, temperate; homo, Cic; j»ennod>
et bonae frugi, Cic.
fuc
234
lui
fucatus -a -urn (p. a<lj. of fuco), painted,
counterfeited, simulated; nitor, Cic ; omnia
fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veria (secern-
ere), Cic.
FucinftS -i, in. a lake in Southern Italy, in
the country of the Marsi, now Lago di Celano.
fuco, 1.(1. fucus), 1, to colour, dye; vellera
hyali colore, Verg. ; 2, to paint, rouge, Ov. ;
transf., iisdem ineptiis fucata sunt ilia omnia,
Cic._
fucosua -a -«m (1. fucus), painted, simulated,
counterfeited ; merx, Cic. ; amicitia, Cic.
1. fucus -i. m. (<pvicos\ 1, red or purple
colour, Hot., Ov. ; 2, = propolis, the reddish
substance with, which bees stop up the. entrance to
their hives r bee*ghte, Verg. ; 3, rouge : 4, transf.,
deceit, dissimulation, pretence; sine fuco ac
fallaciis, Cic. ........
-. fucus -i, in. a drone bee, Verg.
Fufius -a-wn, name of a Roman gens.
fiiga -aft, f. (0vy>j). I. A. Lit., 1, gen.,
flight, running away; fuguabnrbe turpissima,
Cic. ; ex fhga se reciperc, Caes. ; esse in fuga,
Cic. ; hostes in fugam convertere, or dare, "i
ci.njicere, Caes. ; in fugam se dare, sc conferre,
se conjicere, Cic . ; fugae so mandare, Caes. ; or
Cic. ; fugam dare, to flee, Verg. ; or, to let
flee. Verg., Hor. ; fugam facere, to flee, Sail.,
Liv. ; or to make, to flee, Cic., Liv. ; fugam sistere,
to st'yp. Liv. ; plhr., quantae in pcriculis fugae
proxiracrain, Cic. ; 2, esp., flight from, ones
v.i/, erile, banishment; fuga Metclli, Cic. ;
m?t6n., the place r.f exife, Ov. B. Transf., disin-
c'lnat'on. to, avoidance of, aversion to; Laboris,
bellandi, Cic. IL flying, swift course, Verg. ; of
a ship, faeilem fugam exspfctare, Verg. ; transf.,
fuga temporum, hastening, Hor.
fugaoius, adv. in compar. (fngax), fn a
■manner 'more inclined to flight; utrum a se
audacim an fugacius ab liostibns geratur bellum,
Liv ."
fiigax -acis (fugio), 1, ready to flee, flying,
■'■liin.y; Paribus, Ov. ; fugacissimns hostis,
I.*iv. ; 2, transf., a, fleeting, transitory; ami.
Hor. ;'liaec omnia b'revia, fngacia, caduca exist-
ima, Cic. ; b, with genii., avoiding; "nnditiouis,
Ov.
fugiena -entis, p. adj. (from fugio), flying
from, atoiding; with genlt., laboris, Caes.
fugio, fugi, ffigltivr. \ (<i>evy«>). I. Intransit.
A. to flee, take to flight, run .nil, 1, gen., a,
lit, longe, Ov. ; poet., of a bird, in auras, Verg. ;
b, transf., omne animal appetit quaedam etftigit
'a- q>iibusdam, Verg. ; 2, esp. a, of soldiers, ex
Eroelio, Cic. ; b, of fugitives, a Troja (of Aeneas),
ic. ; esp. of exiles, a patria, Ov. ; c, of slaves,
torvnmvcy, Hor. B. 1, to hasten away, depart
quickly ; fugieutia fiumina, Hor. ; Camilla super
arnnem tugit, Verg. ; 2, to poss away, vanish,
disappear ; fugiunt cum sanguine vires, Ov. ;
vii.uu; fugiens, becoming flat, Cic. IL Transit.,
to flee fre-m. A. to ran away from ; cerva fugiens
lupum, L : v. ; velut qui currebat fugiens hosteni,
Hor.; patriam, Verg. B. 1, to ovoid, shun; a,
lit., concilia conventusqu- nominum, Caes. ; b,
transf., (a) ignominiim ec dedecus, Cic. ; (/3) to
decline, renounce, reject: aliqueni judicem, Liv. ;
neque illnd fugerim dicere, Cic. ; fugo quaerere,
do not seek, Hor. ; 2, -to escape from ; Aeheronta,
Kor. ; scientiam alicuius, Cic. ; aliqnid aliquem
fugit, escapes the notice of. Cic. ; with infin., de
Di<>nysio togit mead te antca scribere, Cic.
fugitans -r.r.tis, p. adj. (from fugito), flying
*nn. Ter.
"agltivus -j. -nm (fugio), 1, adj., flying, fugi-
a dorni:.is, Cic. ; 2, subst., afttgltiv, epp,
•ire si"'-,-, Cic.
fugito, 1. (intens. of fugio), to fly from, avoid,
sin 1 a ; quaestiouein, Cic.
fugo, 1. (fuga), 1, to put to flight, chase away,
drive avay ; homines inernies, Cic; fundere
atque fugare, Sail.; 2, to drive away; a, ali-
quem, Cic. ; b, esp., to drive into exile, Ov.
fuloimen -Inia, n. (fulcio), a prop, support,
pillar, Ov.
fulcio, fulsi. fultum, 4. I. to prop up, sup-
port ; 1, lit., porticum, Cic. ; vltis fulta, Cic. ;
2, transf., to support, stay, uphold; amicum.
Cic; labantem rempublicam, Cic. ; Thernmm
litteris, Cic. II. to strengthen, secure; postes,
Verg. ; januam sera, Ov.
fulcrum -i, n. (fulcio), 1, a post or foot of a
, Verg. ; 2, meton., a couch, Jut.
Fulfiilac -arum, f. a town oftheSamnites.
fulgeo, fulsi, 2. (root FUL, whence also
fnlvus). I. to liahtcn ; Jove, or caelo, fulgente,
Cic. II. Transf., A, Of Pericles, as a powerful
orator, compared to Jupiter, fulgere, tonare,
Cic. B. 1, lit., to shine, gleam, glitter ; auro,
Cic. ; fulgebat luna, Hor. ; 2, transf., to be dis-
tinguished, to shine; virtus intaminatis fulgct
honoribus, Hor.
fulgidus -a-um (fulgeo), shining, gleaming,
(/Uttering, Lucr.
Fulginia -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now
Foligna. Adj., Fulginiatis, of Fulginiu.
fulgo, 3. = fulgeo (ii.v.).
fulgor -oris, m. (fulgeo), 1, lightning; ful-
gorcs et tonitrua, Cic. ; 2, glitter, brilliancy,
brightness; armorum, Hor.; candelabri, Cic;
3, transf., brightness, glory ; nominis, Ov.; hono-
ris, Tac.
fulgur -uris, n. (fulgeo), 1, lightning, Cic;
2, a thunderbolt, Ov. ; condere fulgur, to bury
an object which hasbeen struck bylightning, Juv. ;
3, poel. = fulgor, brightness, brilliancy; solis,
Luer. ; rapidum Aetnaeo fulgur ab ignejaei, Ov.
(plnr. fulgora, Cic).
falguralis -e (fulgur), relating or belonging
tolightning ,-libri, treating of the (religious) signi-
ficance eg lightning, Cic.
fulgiirator -oris, m. (fulguro), a hanupex
who interpreted the omens from lightning, Cic.
fulgiiritUS -a -nm (fulgur), struck by light-
ning. Plaut.
fulguro, 1. (fulgur), tolighten ; Jovefulgur-
aute, ap. '. ic.
fulica -ae, (, a. Out, Verg.
fullgo-iois, f. (root FT. whence also fuinu>),
1, soot, Cic. ; 2, a powder used for darkening
the eyebrows, Juv.
fulix -Iris, f. = fulica (q.v.).
fullo -onis, in. a fuller, cloth-fuller, Plaut.
fulmen -inis, n. (orig. fulcmen, from fulgeo,
and suffix -men). I. a flush of lightning which
strikes something, a thunderbolt ; fulmine percus-
sus, Cic. ; ictu fulmiuis detlagrare, Cic. II.
Transf., A. a thunder-bolt, crushing calamity;
fortunae, Cic. ; duo fulmina domuin perculerunt,
Liv. B. mighty ot irresistible power ; verbornm,
Cic. ; so of heroes, duo lulmina Imperii nostri,
tin two St pios, Cic.
fulmincus -a -nm (fulmen). A. Lit., re-
lating to lightning; ignes, Ov. ; ictus, Hor. B.
Transf., slaying, murderous, d est rue t ire ; ensis,
Verg. ; o." apri, Ov.
fulmino, 1. (fulmen), to lighten, to thunder
and lighten ; Juppiter fulminans, Hov. ; impers.,
boreae de pnite trucis quuni fulminat, Verg. ;
transf., Caesar fulminat bello, Verg.
fultura -ae, f. (fulcio), a support, prop, stay
(of fond), H. »r.
Pul
235
fun
Fulvlaster, v. Fulviua.
Fulvius -a -mil, name of a Rowan gens of
which the most celebrated members wereM. Fulvius
Flaecus, supporter of C. Gracchus, and Pulvia,
wife of Clodius, and afterwards of Antonius.
Fulvlaster -stri, m. an, imitator of Piilvius
(Postumius), Cic.
fulvus -a -um (root FUL, whence fulgeo),
dark or reddish yellow, tawny, yellowish brown (of
lions, wolves, sand, gold), Verg. ;caesaries, Verg.;
aquila or ales Jovis (because of its yellow eyes),
Verg.
fumeus -a -um (fumus), smoky, full of smoke,
Verg.
fumidus -a -um (fumus), smoky, full of smoke ;
taeda, Verg. ; altaria, Ov.
fumifer -fera' -ferum (fumus and fero), smoke-
hearing, smoky; ignes, nox, Verg.
fumificus -a -um (fumus and facio), musing
smoke, Ov.
fumo, 1. (fumus), to smoke, steam ; agger fnmat,
Caes. ; domus fumabat, recked with the odours of
feasts, Cic. ; equum fumantia colla, Verg.
fumosus -a -um (fumus), full of smoke, smoky,
steaming, smoked; arae, Ov. ; imagines, figures
of ancestors, Cic.
fumus -i, m. (root FU, whence also fuligo),
smolx, steam, vapour; fumus gauearum, Cic;
fumo excruciari, Cic. ; fumo dare signum, Liv. ;
plur., fumi incendiorum procul videbantnr,
Caes. ; prov., vertere omne in fumum etcinerem,
to squander, consume, Hor.
funalis -e (funis), relating or belonging to a
rope. Snbsfc., funale -is, n., 1, the thong of
a sling, Liv. ; 2, a wax-torch, Cic.
funambiilus -i, in. (funis and ambulo), a
rope-dancer, Tor.
functio -onis, f. (fungor), a. performance, per-
forming, executing; muneris, Cic.
funda -ae, f. (2J fnndo), 1, a sling, Caes. ;
funda mittere glandes et lapides, Liv. ; 2, a
casting-net, Verg. '
fundamen -Inis, u. (l. fundo), a foundation,
base ; ponore or jacSre; Verg.
fundamentum -i, n. (1. fundo), 1, lit., a
■foundation, base; fundamenta jacere, (Jic. ; a
fundamentis diruere Pteleum, Liv.'; 2, transf.,
fouiulation, basis; pietas fuudamentum est om-
nium virtutum, Cic.
Fundamus -a -um, name of a Unman gens.
fundator -oris, in. (1. fund. \ a founder;
urbis, Verg.
fundatus -a -um (p. adj. froin }• fundo), ./sm,
durable; fundatissima familia, Cic
funditor -oris, m. (funda), a u<iht-armed
soldier, furnished with a sling,: r. slingi ■•■•; gen.
in plur., Cues. ; sing, collective, fund i tor. Ba-
learis, Liv.
funditUS, adv. (fundus), I.fiom thearonn:l,
A. Lit., niounmeiita dclcre, Cic. E. Transf.,
completely, entirely; evertere amicithun. Uio, II,
at the bottom, below, Lucr. :
1. fundo, 1. (fundus). I. to lay the foundation,
of, to found ; arces, Verg. ; urbem colonis, Verg. ;
dente tenaci ancora fiindabat naves, fastened to
the ground, Verg. II. Transf., A. to found; ac-
curate non modo fundata verum etiam -e^ati-iieta
disciplina, Cic. B. to make firm, to' strengthen ;
urbem legi bus, Verg. ; nostrum imperium," Cic.
2. fundo, fudi, fusum, 3. (root FUD, con-
nected with x*">, xevju), to 'pour, pour out. I.
Lit.,1, of liquids, sanguinem e. parent, (7
quorem de patera, Hor. ; laci imas, Verg. ; middle,
. to pour; injfentibus procellis fuausf imber. Liv. ;
2, <if bodies not liquid, a, to pour out; segetem
in Tiberim, Liv.'; b, of metals, to melt, cast;
quid fusum durius, Hor.; c, to sprinkle; tern-
pora multo mero, Tib. II. Transf., A. 1, to
throw to the ground, often in partic, thrown down,
lying; fuai sub remis nautae, Verg.; 2, milit.
t. t., to rout, defeat, scatter, put to flight ; hostes,
Liv. ; middle, to rush away ; turpi fuga fundi,
Liv. B. to let loose; 1, middle, fundi, to spread;
vitis funditur, Cic. ; 2, a, to discluirpe missiles;
tela, Verg. ; b, luna per fenestram se fundebat,
streamed through, Verg. ; 3, of persons, reflex.,
to rush out; plenis se portis, Verg. ; 4, a, to
pour forth from the mouth, to utter; sonos inanes,
Cic.;esp. of posts, to pour forth, compose ; versus
hexametros ex tempore, Cic. ; b, to give forth, to
produce ; terra fuudit fruges, (Jic. ; quern Maia
fudit. gave birth to, Verg. f c,to squander; opes,
Hor. III. Fig., a, middle, fundi, to spread ;
iitriimque enrnm fundi quoddamndn et quasi
dilatari, Cic; b, to jiovr forth ; multo vitam
cum sanguine, Verg.
fundus -i, in. the bottom or base of anything.
I. Ueii., 1, a, lit., armarii, Cic; aeqnoni eicro
fundo, from the bottom, Verg.; b, transf., Inrgitio
non liabet fuiiduiri, knows no bounds, Cic; fund-
um fieri legis, to sanction, authorise, Cic II.
Esp., the soil, a farm, estate, Cic.
funebris -e (funus), 1, relating or belonging
to a funeral, funereal; epulum, contio, Cic;
su.'ist, funebria -ium, n. funeral ceremonies,
Cic; 2, deadly, destructive, cruel, fatal; bellum,
Hop. ; munera, Ov.
funercus -a -um (funus), 1, relating to a
funeral, funereal; faces, Verg. ; 2, of that, which
causes or betokens death; dextra, Ov. ; bubo, UU
omened, Ov. . _,
funero, 1. (funus), 1, to bury solemnly? hnter
w'th funeral riles, Plin.; 2, to kill, Hor. '.
f lines to, 1. (funestns), to defile ov pollute nvith
murder; aras ac templa hostiis humanis, Cic.
ffmestUS -a -um (funus). I. filled with
mourning, defiled by death ; agros funestds' rod-
dere, to pollute with blood, Lucr.; familia funesta.
in mourning, Liv. II. calamitous, rn.mrnf.d,
disastrous deadly • tribunatus, Cic; f;tx,: Cic ;
with dm., funesta reipublicae pestis, Cic.
fungor, functus sum, 3. dep. to be bvsy.occvpii
onebctf, be engaged with anything, to perfocn,
execute, accomplish. I. Gin., a, with abl.y mil-
neribus tx,x^mv, G'.,.-.-,' virtute fungi, to shovj
bravery, Hor. ; munere aedilicio, discharge thi-
office ofasdiU. Cic. ; vice cotis, to serve instead of,
Hor.; dap!'. mis, to lake food, Ov. ; seputero, to
bury, Ov. ; b, with ace, hominuni ofticia, Tac.
II. a, to suffer; mala nnilta, Lucr.; b, to com-
plete, finish; gen., functum esse niorte, to die,
Ov.
fungUS -i, in. (o^dyyos, OTrdyyos), 1, a KUsh-
room, fungus, Cic; as a term of reproach applied
to a dull, stupid fellow, Plauf; 2, a thief in tl»
Wick of a candle, a candle-snuff, Verg.
funiculus -i, m. (dim. of funis), a thin rppc,
cord, string; funiculus a puppi religatus, Cic
funis -is, m. (few. Lucr. 2, 1154), a rope,
cord, line; per funem demitti, Verg.; of ship's
ropes, nncorarins funis, Caes. ; funes qui an-
tennas ad males religaba.it, Caes. ; the rope of
a rope-dancer ; per extentum funem ire, Hor. ;
prqv,., ne currente retro funis eat rota, that all
your labour may not be wasted, Hor. ; ducere,
to guide the rope— i.e., to command, Hor. ; seqili,
to follow, obey, Hor. ; reducere, to change om's
iiilnii, Pers.
funus -em, n. a funeral, obsequies, interment.
I. A, Lit., funus quo amici conveniunt ad p.\-
sequias cohonestaiiaa's, Cic;; funue alicui facr.re:
fuo
!iiJ6
las
Cic. ; ducere, Cic ; in funus venire, Cic ; fumis
celebrare, Liv. B. Meton.,l,{/ie corpse; lacerum,
Verg.; 2, death ; crudeli fuuere exstiuctus, Verg.;
edpre funera, to kill, Verg. II. Transf., destrnc-
(foil, ruin; reipublicae, Cic; meton., the persons
who muse ruin; paene 1'unera reipublicae, de-
stroyers, Cic.
ftto, fiii, fftturns, etc., v. sum.
fur, ffu is, c W"i''p)i a thief; lion fur, Red
ereptor, Cic; fur nocturnus, Cic.; as a term of
reproach to slaves, Yerg.
furadter, adv. (furax), thievishly; domos
furacissime scrutari, Cic.
furax -acis (1. furor), inclined to steal,
thievish; homoavarus et furax, Cic.
furca -ae, f. (fero). I. a two-pronged fork,
pitch-fork; furca detrudere aliquem, Liv.; prov.,
naturam expellas furcS, tamen usque recurret,
Hor. II. Transf., A. a fork-shaped prop or pole;
valli furcaeque bicornes, Verg. ; furcae duodenos
ab terra spectacula alta sustineutes pedes, Liv.
B. an instrument of punishment pvt over the. neck,
to the two prongs of which the anus were tied, 'used
to punish slaves and parricides, Liv. ; lig. ire
sub furcam, Hor. C. a narrow pass; Furcae
Caudinap, v. Caudium.
fui'Clfer -fexa -ferum (furca and fero), one who
carries the furca as a punishment, a term of re-
proach usually applied to slaves, gallows-bird,
Cic
ftircilla -ue, f. (dim. of furca), a little, fork;
pvov., furcilla extnuli, to be expelled by force, Cic.
furoula -ae, f. (dim. of furca), 1, a fork-
shaped prop, Liv.; 2, a narrow pass; furculae
Candinae, Liv.
fill enter, adv. (flirens),/uriows7>/; irnsci,Cic
fiirfur -Oris, m. 1, bran, Plant.; 2, scales,
scurf mi the skin, Plin.
furia -ae, f., usually plnr. (furo). I. rage,
madness, passion, fury; inuliebres furiae, Liv.;
ventorum furiae, Verg. II. Person if., Furia
-ae, f. and gen. plur., Furiae -arum, f. A. the
Furies (Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone), Hie deities
who avenged crimes and tormented criminals, esp.
parricides ; eos (parricidas) agitent Furiae, Cic.
B. Transf., of persons, a, ilia Fnri?, Clodius,
Cic. ; b, inciter to crime ; lninc juvenem tarn-
quamfnriam facemque bains belli, Liv. •
fui-ialia -e (furia), 1, furious, raging, terrible ;
vox, Cic. ; lncossus, I.iv. ; Ericlitho, inspired
with Bacchic fury, Ov. ; 2, belonging to the
Furies; membra, Verg.
furialitcr, adv. (fnrialis), furiovshj, madly,
Ov.
furibundus -a -urn (furo), 1, raging, furious;
fnrihnndus homo ac perditus, Cic. ; 2, inspired ;
praodictio, Cic.
Varina -ap, f. an ancient Roman goddess;
hence adj., Furinalis -e, of or belonging to
Fvrina; subst., Fttrinalia -Ium, n. the fes-
tival of Fvrina.
furio, 1. (furia), to make furious, cause to ratjr,
infuriate.; matres equorum, Ilor. ; pnrtic, furi-
atus, raging; mens, Verg.
furiose, adv. (furiosus), furiously, madly;
aliquid furiose facere, Cic.
furiosus -a -urn, adj. with compnr. and
super!, (furia), raging, raving, mad, furious;
mulier jam non morbo sed seeiere furiosa, Cic. ;
transf., of things, eup'ditas, Cic. ; tibia, in-
spiring, Ov.
Furius -a -um, ?.<';)"> of a Roman gens, the
most famous member OJ which was M. Furius
Camillus, v/ho freed Rome from the Gauls. Adj.,
Furlaans -a -urn, of or belonging to Furius.
furnaria -ae, f. (furnus), the trade of a baler,
Suet.
furnus -i, m. (root FOR, cf. fornus), an
ox-en, a bakehouse, Ov., Hor.
furo, ". (connected with 0vm). I. /" rape,
rave, lie mad; lurere se siniulavit, Cic. II.
Transf., A. <>f persons, a, to rage, he furii
Catilina (urens audacia, Cic; furens Neptunus,
the raging waves, Hor.; with ace, furorem,Ycrg. ;
with ace. and intln., (Clodius) furebat a Racilio
se contuinaciter urbfuieque vexatum, Cic. ; b,
to give oneself up to any violent passion, esp. love ;
Hbidinibus inttammatus et furens, Cic. ; furere
aliqua, to be madly in love with, Hor. B. Of in-
animate objects, teinpestas or ignis furit, Verg.
1. furor, 1. dep. (fur), 1, to steal, pilfer; hnec
quae rapuit et. furatus est, Cic; libr.nr. ab aliquo,
(of plagiarists), Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to oitoin by
stealth; civitatem, Liv.; b, to withdraw secretly ;
oculos labori.Verg. ; c, to make secret attacks, Tsc.
2. fiiror -Oris, m. (furo). J. madness, raving,
insanity; ira furor brevis est, Hor. II, Transf.,
A. Of persons, 1, a. of the Bacchic fury, maj-
orem orsa furorcm, Verg.; fig., versatur mihi
ante oculos aspectus Cethegi et furor in vestra
caede bacchantis, Cic. ; b, inspiration, inspired
rage; negat sine furore Democritus poetam
magnum esse posse, Cic; c, of martial rage, sic
animis juvenum furor additus, Verg. ; personif.,
Furor, as an attendant of Mars, Verg. ; d, the mge
of anger ; turn regis Juno acta furore gravi, Verg. ;
e, passionate love ; intus erat furor igneus, <>v. ;
meton., the object of passion ; sive mihi Phyllis,
sive esset Amyntas, sen quicumqne furor, Verg. ;
2, delusion, frenzy, rage; a, id<'iu flll'Or et
Cretenses lacerabat, l.iv.; b, rage, tumult, sedi-
tion, revolt; furor multitudinis, Cic; aliening
furoreni frangere, Cic. B. Of inanimate objects,
furores >•! rabies lanta eaeli inarisque, Verg.
furtim, adv. (fur), by stealth, stealthily,
secretly (opp. palam), Cic.
furtive, adv. (furtivus), stealthily, secretly,
furtively, Ov.
furtivus -a -urn (furtum), 1, stolen ; strigilis,
Hor.; 2, secret, concealed, Jxntive; iter per
Italiam, Cic; amor, Verg.
furtum -i, n. (fur). I. A. Lit., a theft;
furtum facere alici.ius rei, Cic; fnrti damnari,
Cic. B. Meton., the thing stolen ; furta reddere,
Cic. IL Transf., A. anything secret or con-
cealed, hidden trick or deceit ; furlo laetatns
inani, Verg.; hence furto, adv.= furtim, secretly,
Verg. B. 1, secret or stolen love, Verg. ; 2, in
war, a strata m, secret attack; parva furta per
occasionem * mptantes, Liv.
furuncv tus -i, m. (dim. of fur), a little thief,
a little rase Cie.
furVUS -a -urn (from root FUI1, whence also
fuscus, connected with fumus, fuligo), dark-
coloured, dark, black; a, gen., equus, Ov.; b,
of :he lowei world and things relating to it,
antrum, Ov. ; Proserpina, Hor.
InsCoP.a -ae., f. (connected with furca), «
three-pronged fork, trident, Cic.
fUSCO, 1. act. (fuscus), to make dark, darken,
blacken ; dentes, Ov.
fuscus -a -nm (orig. furseus, from root FUR,
whence furvns), 1, dark-coloured, dark, black;
cornix, Cic ; purpura paene fusca, Cic. ; 2, ap-
plied to the voice, hoarse, rough; genus vocis,
Cic.
fuse, adv. with compar. (fusus), at length,
copiously, diffusely ; dicere, Cic.
furiiis -e (2. fnndo), melted, molten, liquid :
aururn, Ov.; ;>-rventes frtsill (softened), ex argilla
gland es, Caes,
fus
237
gan
fusio -onis, f. (2. fuudo), a pouring-out, out-
pouring ; mundum esseeius (dei)auimi fusionem
universaiii, Cic.
fUstis -is, abl. -i and -e, in. a slick, staff,
cudgel, club, Cic.
fustuarium -ii, n. (sc. supplicium, from
ftistis), hading to death with sticks, the military
punishment for desertion ; fustuarium uierere or
mereii, Cic.
1. fusus -a -urn (p. adj. of 2. fundo), spread
out, extended ; 1, a, of places, campi fusi^ in
oiiaiein partem, Very. ; b, of bodies, suut fusa
et Candida corpora, fleshy, Liv. ; 2, let loose; a,
flowing free; crines, Verg. ; b, of discourse,
diffuse ; genus sermonis, Cic.
2. fusus -i, m., a spindle; fusnm versare,
Ov. ; as au attribute of the Parcae, suis
dixerunt, currite fusis, Verg.
futilis -e (connected with 2. fundo), 1, that
cannot hold or contain ; glacies, brittle, Verg. ;
2, rain, worthless, futile, good for nothing ; harus-
pices, Cic. ; senteutiae, Cic.
futilitas -5tis, f. (futilis), worthlessness, folly,
silliness, Cic.
futurus -a -um (partic. fut. of fuo, used as
the partic, of sum), future, about to be; res, Cic;
terapus, Cic. Subst., futurum -i, n. the
future ; haud ignara futuri, Verg. ; videre in
futurur.:, Liv. ; plur., Tutura -orum, n. the
future; futura prospicere, Cic.
~ G.
Gg, the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet,
, originally represented by C, introduced
into the Latin alphabet about the time of the
Second Punic War. For the use of this letter iu
abbreviations, see Table of Abbreviations.
Gabali -Orum, m. and Gabales -um, m. a
people in, the south-east of Gallia Aquitania.
Gabii -5rum, ni. a very ancient city of Latium,
between fame and Praencste. Adj., Gabmus
-a -um, Gabinian; via, from Gabii to Ronie, Liv. ;
Juno, honoured in Gabii, Verg. ; cinctus, a par-
ticular mode of wearing the toga, in which one
end was passed over the head, and the other round
the waist, Liv.
Gabmius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated member of which was A. Gabinius,
who restored the Egyptian king Ptolemaeus Auletes
to his kingdom; hence adi-, Gabinian ; lex, a law
giving extraordinary military power to Pompeius.
Adj., Gabinlanus -a -um, of or belonging to
Gabinius.
Gades and Gadis -iuin, f. a town in the
south-west of Spain, now Cadi:. Gaditanus
-a -uiu, of or belonging to Gades.
gaesum -i, u. a very strong and heavy javelin,
originally a (laulish weapon, Caes.
Gactuli -orum, m. a people in north-west
Africa. Adj., Gactulus -a -um, poet, African,
Libyan:
Gaius and Gaia, v. Caius.
Galaesus -i, m. a river in the south of Italy,
now Galaso. -
Galatae -arum, m. a Celtic people settled in a
■part of Phrygia. Hence, Galatia -ae, f. the
country of the Galatae.
Galba -ae, m. a cognomen of the Sulpiciaa gens.
galbaneus -a -um (galbauum), of or relating
<o galbanum, Verg. • • ' ■ ■
galbanum -i, n. (xaA^oio)), the resinous sap
of a Syrian plant (bubon galbanum, Liuu.),
Pliu.
galbanus -a -um, greenish yellow, yellowish,
Juv.
galbeum -i, n. a kind of fillet or bandage for
the arm, Suet.
galblnus -a, -um, greenish-yellow; subst.,
galbinum -i, n. a greenish-yellow garment,
Juv.
galea -ae, f. a helmet (orig. of leather, opp.
cassis, of metal), Caes., Cic.
galeo, 1. (galea), to put on a helmet; partic,
galeatus, armed with a helmet ; Minerva, Cic
Galedtae -arum, m. (raAeurai), a body oj
Sicilian seers, Cic.
galericulum -i, n. (dim. of galerum), 1, a
scull-cap, Mart. ; 2, a wig, Suet.
galeritus -a -um (galerus), 1, wearing a
skull-cap of fur, Prop. ; 2, transf., galerita avis,
the crested lark (alauda enstata, Liuu.)
galerum -i, n. (galerus -i, rn.), 1, a cap of
fur, skull-cup, Verg. ; 2, a wig, Juv.
Galesus = Galaesus (q.v.).
galla -ae, f. the gall-nut, oak-apple, Verg.
Galli -orum, m. the Gauls, a Celtic people,
living to the west of the Rhine and in the north
of Italy as well as in Phrygia ; sing., GallUS
-i, m. a Gaul, and Galla -ae, f. a Gaulish
woman. Hence, A. Gallia -ae, f. Gaul, the
land of the Gauls; cisalpina, or ulterior, Lom-
bard y ; transalpiua, or ulterior, Gaul north oj
the Alps, Caes. B. Gallicanus -a -uiu, belong-
ing to Gallia provincia, the south-east part of Gaul
C. GalllCUS -a -um. Gaulish.
galliambus -i, m. a so>ig of the priests of
Cybele, Mart.
gailina -ae, f. (1. gallus), a hen, fowl, Cic.
gallinaceus -a -um (gailina), relating to
poultry ; gallus, Cic. ; m. a cock.
gallinarius -a -tun (gailina). _relating or
belonging to poultry. Subst., galliuariua -i,
m. one who has the care of poultry, Cic
Gallograecia -ae, f. = Galatja (q.v.).
Hence, Gajlograecus -a -um, Galatian.
1. gaUlls -i, m. a cock, diiKghill cock ; gal-
lorum cantus, cock-crowing, Cic
2. Gallus, a Gaul, v. Galli.
3. Gallus -i, m. (riXAos), 1, a Phrygian
river, now Kadshasu; hence, adj., Gallicua
-a -um, poet. = Phrygian, Trojan, Prop. ;
2 (hence), Galli -orum, m. the priests of Cybele ;
sing., Gallus -i, m. and Galla -ae, f.; hence,
adj., Galllcus -a -um, turba, the priests; of Isis,
whose worship resembled that of Cybele, Ov.
4. Gallus -i, m. Cornelius (69-26 b.c), a poet
and orator, friend of Vergil.
Ganielion -onis, in. (Tanrt^ujv), the seventh
month of the Attic year, corresponding to our
January, Cic.
ganca -ac, f. and ganeum -i, n. (connected
with ydvo-;, ydrvnai), a low ca ling -house ; melon.,
debauchery, Cic.
ganeo -onis, m. (ganea or ganeum), a pro-
fligate person, debauchee, glutton, Cic.
Gangaridae and Gangarldes -um, m. a
people in India, on the Ganges.
Ganges -is, m. (Tayyns;), the river Ganges.
Adj., Gangetlcus -a -um, and Gangetls
-idis, f. poet. = Indian, Ov.
gann* i. to yelp, whine, io snarl, growl',
grumble, Piaut., Ter.
gannitus -us, m. (gannio), 1, a larking.
Gan
238
gem
yelping, snarling of dogs, Lucr. ; 2, applied to
meu, Mart.
Ganymedes -is, m. (Vaw^Sn^), son of the
Trojan king Pros, carried off on. account of his
beauty to heaven by an eagle, and made the cup-
bearer of Jove.
Garamantes -am, m. (rapofiai'Tts), a people
in the interior of Africa. Hence, Garamantis
•Idis, f.= African, Verg.
Garganus -i, m. a mountain of Apulia, now
Monte di S. Angelo. Adj., Garganus -a -uni,
o/or belonging to Garganus.
Gargaphie -es, f. (rapY<i</>t<i), a valley of
Boeotia, sacred to Diana.
Gargara -5ruru, n. (Vapyapa), the highest
peak of Mount Ida in Mysia, with a town of ! <i
same name.
GargettUS -i, HI. (TapynTrot), a deme in
Attica, birthplace of Epicunui, hence called Gar-
gettius.
GargiliuS -ii, m. a Roman name.
gar on = garum (q.v.).
garrio -ivi and -Ii -Hum, 4. (connected with
■ynpvu), to chatter, prate, babble; a, intransit.,
in iis philosophi garrire coeperunt, Cic. ; b,
transit., quicquid iu buccam (sc. venerit), Cic.
garrulitas -atis, f. [(garrulus), chattering,
of magpies, garrulitas rauca, Ov.
garrulus -a -uni (garrio). I. Lit., 1, of
men, talkative, garrulous, chattering, babbling;
ganuia lingua, Ov. ; 2, applied to animals,
comix, Ov. ; hiruudo, Verg. II. Transf., noisy,
sounding; rivus, Ov. ; lyra, Tib.
Garumna -ae, f. a river in Gaul, now the
Garonne. Hence, Garunmi -orum, m. the
people living on the Garonne.
garum (garon), -i, n. a costly fish-sauce, Ov.
Gates -um, in. a people in Aquitania.
gaudeo, gavlsus sum, 2. (root GA, TA,
whence yaio>, -yavpos, yijSe'w), to rejoice, find
•pleasure or delight in anything, be glad, delight
in. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, intransit., si est nunc
\illus gaudendi locus, Cic; poet, with parti .,
gaudent scribentes, write with pleasure, Hor. ,
milii gaudeo, rejoice for my part, Cic; gen.
with abl. of cause, correctione gaudere, Cic. ;
b, transit., gen. with ace and infill., quae
perfecta esse gaudeo, Cic. ; poet, with inlin.
alone, laedere gaudes, IK,;.; with quod, sane
gaudeo quod te interpellavi, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
in sinu gaudere, to rejoice in secret, Cic. ; 2,
inlin., gaudere as a salutation, Celso gaudere
refer, take my greeting to Cclsvs, Hor. II.
Transf., of inanimate objects, to delight in;
Hcena gaudens miraeulis, Liv.
gaudium -Ii, n. (gaudeo), joy. gladness,
delight (as an inward feeling, while laetitia de-
notes the external expression). I. Lit, gaudio,
(for joy) lacrimare, triumpliare, Cic. ; exsultare,
Cic. ; aiiquem gaudio afficere, Liv. ; gaudia cor-
poris, Sail. II. Meton., that which produces
delight ; sua gaudia, Verg.
Gaurus -i, m. a mountain in Campania, now
Monte Gav.ro.
gausapa -ae, f-, and gausape -is, u., and
gausapum -i, n., and gausapes -is, m.
(ya\j7a.irr\i). a WOOUen doth, With along il'ip on
ide, frieze, Ov. , Hor.
gaza -ae, t the royal treasure of Persia, treasure
generally , riches, wealth; regia, Cic.
GSla -ae. f. (ftU), town or. the south coast of
BieUy. Hence, 1, adj., Gelous -a -um, oj or
celc^.gi-r.g ro Gela; 2, Gelsnses -ftun, m. the
tAWiza-tf Gtlq.
Gclas -ae, voc Gcla, m. (IVAaj), a river nn
the south coast of Sicily.
gelaslnus -i, m, (ye\acrivo$), a dimple 0)1
the cheek, Mart.
golldo, adv. (gelidus), coldly, languidly,
feebly, Hor.
gelidus -a -um (gelu), cold, toy-cold, frosty,
icy. I. Lit., aqua, Cic. ; humor, ice, Verg
Subsfc., gellda -ae, f. ice-cold water, Hor. II.
Transf., applied to the chill of old age, fear,
death, etc.; sanguis, Verg. ; mors, Hor.; metus,
Ov.
Gellius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the most
famous member of which was A. Gellius, a gram-
marian of the second century a.d., one of whose
works, Noctes Atticae, is still extant.
gelo, 1. (gelu). I. Transit., to cause to freeze,
to freeze; pavido gelantur pectore, Juv. II.
Intransit., to freeze, Plin.
Gelonl -orum, m. (reAuroi), a Scythian or
Sarmatian people onthe Borytthenes, who tattooed
themselves. Sing., Gelonus -i, m., coll. the
Geloni, Verg.
gelu, n., gelus -iis, m., gelum -i, n., 1,
frost, icy eold ; rura gelu claudit hienis, Verg. ;
2, the chill of age, death, fear, etc., Verg.
gemebundus -a -um (geino), groaning,
sighing, Ov.
gemellipara -ae, fein. adj. (gemelli and
pario), twin-bearing ; dea, or diva, Latona, Ov.
gemellus -a -um (dim. of geminus), twin,
twin-born. A. Lit., fratres, proles, Ov. ; heuce
subst., gemellus -i, m., a twin, Cat.; plur.,
gemelli, twins, Ov. B. Transf., a, paired,
double; quam (legionem) factam ex duabus ge-
mellam appellabat, Caes. ; b, resembling each
other like trcins, similar ; par nobile fratrum
nequitia et nugis pravorum et amore geinellum,
Hor.
geminatio -onis, f. (gemino), a doubling;
verborum, Cic.
gemino, 1. (geminus). I. Transit., 1, to
double; victoriac laetitiam, Liv.; aera, to strike
together, Hor.; partic, geminntus -a -um,
doubled; sol, Cic»; 2, to repeat, unite closely;
geminata ac duplicata ponantur, Cic; to pair;
serpentes avibus, Hor. II. Intransit., to be
double, Lucr.
geminus -a -um (perhaps from geno = gigno),
twin, twin-born. I.. Lit., fratres, Cic. Subst.,
geinini -orum, in. twins, especially the twins
Castor and Pollux. II. Transf., A. a, doubled,
of double nature; Chiron, the Centaur, half man
and half horse, Ov. ; Cccrops, half Greek and half
Egyptian, Ov. ; b, doubled = two; lumen, Cic. ;
acies, Verg. B. similar, alike; geminus et sini-
illimus nequitia, Cic.
gemitus -us, m. (gemo), a sigh, groan. I.
A. Lit., gemitus tit, Cic. ; gemitum or gemitus
dare, Ov. B. Meton., pain, Verg. II. Transf.,
a groaning, roaring 'pelagi, Verg.
gemma -ae, «. ,'probably connected with
y('p.u>). I. a bud or eye of a plant, Cic II. a
jewel, gem, precious stone. A. Lit., Cic. B.
Meton., 1, a thing made of or adorned with
j:wels ; a, a goblet ; biber? gemm§, Verg.; b, a
seal-ring, eal ; gemmS signari, Ov.; 2, gemma'-,
'■ eyi ' a. peacock's tail, Ov.
genimatus ■?. -um (g<-mma), set or adorned'
with jewch ; menilia, Ov.
gemmcus ? -um (gemma), mc.de cr sei with
';, gemmed; tmlla, Cic.
gemmifer -f^ra -ferarr. (genirr.a and fero),
bsari ng or prod'/ctntf fcwels; rrure,F>op.
gemnio, ). (^emma). I. to bur"; vites, OJo,
gem
2:J9
gen
II. A. lobe set with jewels; sceptra gcnunaiitia,
<iv. B. to glitter like jewels ; herbae gemmantes
rore recenti, Lucr.
gemo -ui -Hum, 3. I. Intransit., A. Lit., to
sigh, groan; desiderio alicuius, Cic. B. poet.,
transf., a, of animals, of the lion, to roar, Lucr.;
of the turtle-dove, to coo, Verg.; b. of inanimate
objects, to groan, creak; gementis litoraBospori,
Hor. ; gemuit sub pondere cymba, Verg. II.
Transit., to sigh or groan over, lament, bemoan;
aliquid, Cic; Ityn, Hor.
Gemoniae -arum, f. (sc. scalae), or more
rarely Gemoniae scalae, a /light of steps from the
Aventlne hill to the Tiber, clown vjhich the dead
bodies of malefactors were thrown.
gena -ae, f. usually plur. (cf. ytws). I. the
check, Cic. II. Meton., a, the eyelid, Enn. ; b,
the eye-hole, Ov. ; c, the eyes ; et patiar fossis
lumen abire gems, Ov.
Genabum -i, n. a town in Gaul, the capital
of the Carnutes, now Orleans. Adj., Gcnaben-
sis -e, o/or belonging to Genabum.
Genauni -drum, m. (Tevavvoi.), a people in
Vindelicia.
Genava -ae, f. a town of the Allobroges on
the borders of the Helvetii, now Geneva.
genealogus -i, in. (yei/eoAoyos), a genealogist,
Cic.^
gener -eri, ni. a son-in-law, Cic. ; grand-
daughter's husband, Tac. ; sometimes = brother-
in-law, >"ep.
generalis -e (genus), 1, relating or belonging
to a kind or genus, generic; constitutio, Cic. ; 2,
general ; quoddam decorum, Cic.
generaliter adv. (generalis), in general,
generally, Cic.
generasco, 3. (genero), to be generated, to be
produced, Lucr.
generatim, adv. (genus), 1, according to
kinds or classes; copias generatim, constituere,
Caes. ; 2, in general, generally; loqui de aliqua
re, Cic.
generator -oris, m. (genero), a begetter,
producer; nosse generatores suos optime pote-
rant, Cic.
genero, 1. (genus), to beget, produce, create,
cause to exist, bring to life, generate; deus hom-
ineni generavit, Cic. ; Herculis stirpe gener-
atus, Cic. ; quale portentum nee Jubao tollus
yeiierat, Hor.
generose, adv. (generosus), nobly; perire,
Hor.
generosus -a -urn (genus). A. 1, of noble
birth, noble; virgo, Cic.; 2, applied to animals,
plants, or inanimate objects, excellent in kind,
noble, of superior quality, well-bred ; pecus, Verg. ;
vinuin, Hor. ; of abstractions, ortus amicitia,
Cic. B. Trausf., noble, magnanimous; virtus,
Cic. ; mens, Ov.
genesis -is, f. (yeVeo-is), the constellation
which presides over one's birth, Juv.
genetivus (genitivus) -a -urn (geno =
gigno), 1, inborn, innate; imago, Ov. ; nomina,
family names, Ov. ; 2, casus, the genitive case.
genetrix -trlcis, f. (genitor). A. one who
brings forth or bears, a mother ; magna deum
genetrix, Cybele, Verg. B. Transf., she that pro-
duces ; fragum, Ceres, Ov.
genialis -e (genins), of or belonging to the
genius. I. relating to the genins of marriage,
nuptial ; lectus, the marriage-bed, Cic. ; and subst.
genialis -is, m. (sc. torus), the marriage-bed,
Liv. II. relating to the genius as partaking
in enjoyment, pleasant, joyful, gay, delightful;
fittus:, Ov. ; hioiVis, Vor£,
genialitcr, adv. (genialis), jovially, gaily,
Ov.
geniciilatus -a -am (geuiculum), knotty,
full of knots ; culinus, Cic.
geniculum -i, n. (dim. of genu), 1, Die knee,
Varr.; 2, a knot of a plant, Plin,
genista (genesta) -ae, f. the plant broom,
Verg.
genitabilis -e (geno = gigno), relating to
production or birth, fruitful, productive, Lucr.
genitalis -e (geno = gigno), belonging to
birth, generation, generating, producing, fruitful;
1, dies, birthday, Tac; 2, subst, Genitalis
-is, f. surname of Diana as presiding over births,
Hor.
genitaliter, adv. (genitalis), in a fruitful
manner, Lucr.
genitivus, v. gSnStivus.
genitor -oris, m. (geno = gigno), 1, a begetter,
father. Cic. ; deum, Jupiter, Ov. ; urbis, Romu-
lus, Ov. ; 2, producer; quae genitor produxerifc
usus, Hor.
genitura -ae, f. (geno = gigno), 1, a beget-
ting, engendering, bringing forth, Plin. ; 2, the
constellation which presides over a birth, Suet.
genius -ii, in. (geno = gigno), 1, the guardian
spirit of a man or place, a genius ; genium piare
or placare, Hor. ; genium curare vino, to enjoy
oneself with, Hor. ; December geniis acceptus
(because Of rest from toil in the fields), Ov. ;
2, tahnt, genius, Juv.
geno = gigno (q.v.).
gens, geutis, f. (geno, old form of gigno). I.
a clan, a number of families connected together by
a common descent and the use of the same gentile
name (orig. only patrician, after the establish-
ment of coiiinibium between patricians and
plebeians, plebeian also) A. a, lit., vir patriciae
gentis, Cic. ; gens Cornelia, Liv. ; Peruvius, sine
gente, of low origin, Hor. ; patricii majorum
{senators appointed by Romulus), et minorum (ap-
pointed by Tarquin), gentium, Cic; a breed or
species of animals, Verg.; b, transf., dii majorum
gentium, the supreme or superior gods, Cic. ; dii
minorum gentium, the inferior, Cic. B. (Poet.)
Meton., offspring, descendant; vigilasne,. deflni
gens, Aen'ea? Verg. II. a people, tribe, nation.
A. 1, lit., exterae nationcs et gentes, Cic;
Sucvorum, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, a district, can--
ton ; ipsum in earn ppntem iturum, Liv. ; b,
partitive genii., ubinam gentium sumus? where
in the world are we? Cic. B. gcr.tes, foreigners,
Tac. III.= genus, gens humaua, the human
race, Cic.
genticus -a -um (gens), belonging to a nation,
national, , Tac.
gentilicius -a -um (gentilis), belonging to a
particular gens ; sacra, Liv. ; sacrificia, Cic.
gentilis -e (gens). L belonging to a gens,
gentile; manus, of the 300 Fabii, Ov. Subst,
gentilis -is, m. a clansman, a person of the
same gens, Cic. ; plur., Cic II. belonging lo the
some country, national; religio, Tac.
gentilitas -atia, f. (gentilis), relationship
between the members of a gens, Cic.
genu -us, n. (yow), the knee, Cic. ; accidere
genibus alicuius, Liv.; attingere alicuius genu,
Liv. ,;
Genua -ae, f. coast-town in Liguria, now
Genoa.
genuale -is, n. (genu), a knee-band, garter,
Ov.
1. genuinus -a -um (geno = gigno). natun
inTSiU ; ,scinjir.->,p dQ^totlcseque virt,ut6g, Cjci.
gen
240
Gig
2. genuinus -a -uin (genac), relating or be-
longing to the cheek or jaw; dentes, the back-
teeth, Cic. Subst., genuinus -i, m. a jaw-
tooth, Juv.
1. genus -eris, n. (root GEN, whence geno
= gigna and -ycVo?). I. birth, descent, origin,
esp. of high birth ; generis auctor, father, Ov. ;
genus patricium, Liv. ; plebeitun, Liv. ; ma-
ternuni, paternnni, Cic. ; of animals, Ov. II.
race. A. 1, nation, stock ; Hispauum, Liv. ; 2,
&, family, honse; genus Aeniiliuin, Fabium, Liv.;
gencre regio iiatuin esse, Cic. ; b, offspring, de-
scendant, and collectively, descendants ; genus
dooruni (of Aeneas), Verg. ; 3, sex; genus virile,
muliebre, Cic. B. 1, of living beings, a, race,
kind; genus hunianum, Cic; b, (a) of persons,
class, sort, kind; omnis generis homines, Cic;
(0) of animals, species, class ; multa genera
ferarum, Caes. ; 2, of things, a, lit., kind,
variety, sort; omne genus frugum, Liv.; id
genus imperii, Cic. ; philosoph. t. t., genus
in logic, genus univcrsuin in species certas
partiri, Cic; b, fashion, manner, way; tota
doinus in omni genere diligeus, Cic.
2. ggnus -us = genu (q.v.).
Genusus -i, ra. a river on the borders of
Macedonia, now Iskumi.
geogr&pala -ae, f. (yecuypa^i'a), geography,
Cic.
geom§tres -ae, m. (yew/xtVpijs), a geometer,
Cic.
geometria -ae, f. (yeoip-trpia.), geometry, Cic
geometrlcUS -a -uni (yeeojxeTpiKOs), gtO-
metrical; forinae, figures, Cic. Subst., geo-
metrica -orum, n. geometry; geomctrica di-
dicisse, Cic
georglcus -a -um (yetupymtk), agricultural.
Subst., Georglca -orum, n. the Georgics of
Vergil.
Geraesticus portus, a harhovr near Teos,
in Ionia.
Geraestos and -us -i, f. (repaiaTos), seaport
town in Euboea.
Gergovla -ae, f. town of the Arverni in Gallia.
Aquitania.
Germalus (Cerm&lus) -i, m. a part, of the
Palatine Hill at JRome.
germane, adv. (germanus), faithfully, hon-
estly; rescribere, Cic.
German! -orum, m. the Germans; hence, 1.
Germanus -a -um, German ; 2. Germanla
-ae, f. Germany ; superior, inferior, Tac. ; plur.,
Germaniae.Tac. ; 3. Gorman) cus -a -um, Ger-
man. Subst., Germanicus -i, m. as a sur-
name (on account of his victories over the Ger-
mans), Germanicus Caesar, son of Drusus, and
nephew of Tiberius.
germanitas -aiis (germanus), 1, f/te rela-
tionship between brothers and sisters, brotherhood,
sistcrhootl, Cic. ; 2, the connexion between cities
which are colonies of the same mother-city, Liv.
1. germ&nus -a -um (like germeii, from
peno=gigno). A. having the same parents or
at least the same father ; fratcr, soror, Cic. Subst. ,
a, germanus -i, m. own brother ; b, ger-
mana -ae, f. own sister, Verg. B. Transf., a,
brotherly, sisterly; ingcrmanuin modum, Plant. ;
h,genuine, real, true; scio measiimm gernianuui
fuiss'e, Cic. ; juatitia, Cic.
2. Germanus -a-um, v. German).
germen -inis, n. (perhaps from geno — gigno
and suffix -men, orig. genmen, then gesmen,
germen, cf. carmen), J, a bud, sprout, twig,
Verg. ; 2, offspring, Ov.
germino, 1. (germen). to spr-jut forth, Hor.
1. gero, gessi, gestuir, 3. to carry. I. Gen.,
A. Lit., saxa in iuuros, Lir. B. Transf., 1, se
gerere, to behave oneself, to conduct 07ieself; se
honeste, Cic; with pro (= as) and the abl., ita
se jam turn pro cive gessisse, Cic. ; 2, to con-
duct, manage; quid negotii geritur, Cic; neg-
otium, or rem, bene, or male gerere, Cic ; rem
or res gerere (of generals), to hold the command ;
Cnaeus terra, Publius navibus rem gercret, Liv.;
also rem gerere, to fight, Liv. ; res gestae, ex-
ploits, esp., warlike exploits, Cic; negotii ger-
entes, business people, Cic. ; esp., a, to hold, some
public office, to hold, to manage; rempublicam
gerere atque administrare, Cic. ; magistratum,
Lie; b, bellum gerere, to wage war, cum
aliquo, or adversus aliquem, or in aliquem, Cic. ;
3, prae se gerere = prae se ferre, to exhibit,
manifest ; utilitatem, Cic. II. Esp., to carry
on oneself, to have. A. Lit., 1, gen., hastam,
Verg.; 2, to bear, produce ; platani nialos gessere,.
Verg. B. Transf., I, personam alicuius gerere,
to act the part of, Cic. ; 2, amicitiam, to enter-
tain, Cic.
2. gero -Onis, m. (1. gero), a carrier, Plaut.
Geronium -ii, n. town in Apulia Daunia or
Samnium.
gerrae -arum, f. (ye'ppa), wattled twigs, Varr. ;
transf., trifles, nonsense, Plaut.
gerro -onis, m. (gerrae), a trifier, idler, Ter.
gerulus -i, m. (1. gero), a porter, carrier, Hor.
Geryon (Geryo) -6nis, m. and Geryonea
-ae, in. {Ynpvuv and Tnpvovr}<;), myth., a king
with three bodies, living in the island of Erythia,
■whose oxen were carried off by Hercules.
gestamen -inis, n. (gesto), 1, that which is
carried either us a burden or an ornament; clipcus
gestamen Abautis, Verg. ; 2, that in or on which
anything is carried, a litter, Tac.
gesticiilor, 1. dep. (from gesticulus, dim. of
gestus), to make pantomimic gestures, gesticulate,
to represent or express by pantomime, Suet.
1. gestio -onis, f. (1. gero), management, jier-
formance; negotii, Cic.
2. gestio -ivi and -0 -Hum, 4. (gestus), 1,
to exult, to be cheerful, lively, to be transported ;
laetitiS, Cic ; voluptate, Cic. ; animus gestiens
rebus secundis, Liv. ; 2, to desire passjonately,
be eager ; with infin., scire omnia, Cic. ; absol.,
studio lavaudi, Verg.
gestlto, 1. (freq. of 1. gero), to carry often,
carry much, be acevstomed to carry, Plaut.
gesto, 1. (intens. of 1. gero), to carry, bear,
carry about one, wear; clavos lnanu, Hor.;
caput in pilo, Cic.
gestor -oris, m. (1. gero), a tale-bearer, gossip,
Plant.
gestus -us, in. (l. gero), 1, the cat riage of th*
hndy ; corporis, Cic. ; 2, esp., the studied gestures
or gesticulation of an actor or orator ; histrionum
lmnuulli gestus, Cic; in gestu peccare, Cic.
Getae -arum, m. (IVrm), a people of Tin are
living near the Danube. Sing., Gcta -ac, in.,
andG^tes-ac, m.,gen. collect., the Getae; hence,
a, adj., Gctos -ae, m. Gctic; b, Geticus
-a -um, poet. = Thracia.n; c, adv., Getice.
after the Gctic fashion ; loqui, Ov.
Getulus, ctc.= Gaetulus, etc (q.v.).
gibber -era -eruni, hump-backed, Suet.
gibbus -i, m. (connected with kvittui, Ku<i>os),
a hump, hirnch, Juv.
GIgas -gantis, m. {Tiyas), a. giant; gen.
plur., Gi^antes, sons of Terra, who stormed th»
he/yens, but were killed hy the lightning of Jupiter^
gig
241
glu
Adj., Giganteus -a -um, relating to the giants,
gigantic, Verg.
gigno, genui, genitum, 3. (geno, connected
with yivonai, yiyvop.a.i), to beget, bear, bring forth.
A. Lit., Herculein Juppitergenuit, Cic; Hecuba
Alcxaudrum genuit, Cic. B. Transf., to cause;
pennotionem animorum, Cic.
gilVUS -a -um, pale yellow, Verg.
gingiva -ae, f. the gum, Cat.
gimtrix = genetrix (q.v.).
glaber -lira -brum, without hair, smooth-
shinned, Plaut.
glacialis -e (glacies), relating or pertaining
to ice, icy; liiems, Verg. ; frigus, Ov.
glacies -ei, f. 1, ice; dura et altc concreta
glacies, Liv. ; plur., "lacies Hyperboreae, Verg. ;
2, hardness ; aeris, Lucr.
gl&cio, 1. (glacies), to freeze; niv.,s, flor.
gladiator -oris, in. (gladius), one wlw was
hired to fight at publie shows, funerals, etc., a
gladiator. A. Lit., Cic; as a term of reproach,
bandit, brigand, Cic. B. Metou., gladiatores =
gladiatorial exhibition ; dare, Cic; abl., gladiat-
oribus, at the gladiatorial games, Cic.
gladlatorlus -a -um (gladiator), a, relating
or pertaining to gladiators, gladiatorial; ludus,
Cic. ; iamilia, a troop or band of gladiators, Cic ;
locus, the place of exhibition, Cic; consessus, the
assembled spectators, Cic. nuinus, spectaculum,
Cic; b, transf., totius corporis tirmitas, Cic.
Subst., gl&diatorium -ii, n. the pay of gladia-
tors, Liv.
gladiatiira -ae, f. (gladiator), a combat of
gladiators, Tac.
gladius -Ii, m. (root CLAD, whence also
clades), a sword, a short sword (ensis, a longer
one). A. Lit., gladius vagina vacuus, a naked
sword, Cic ; gladium stringere, Caes. ; de-
stringere, Cic. ; educere, Caes. ; nudare, to draw
the sword, Ov. ; aliqucm gladio insequi, Cic;
alicui gladium intentare, Liv.; traustigere ali-
quem gladio per pectus, Liv.; prov., plumbeo
gladid-jugulari, to be defeated with little trouble,
Cic. B. Meton., that which is done by the
sword ; tanta gladiorum impunitas, ofmurder,Cic.
glaeba = gleba (q.v.).
glaesum (glesum) -i, n. amber, Tac
glandifer -fera -ferum (glans and fero),
acorn-bearing ; quercus, Cic
glans, glandis, f. (/3aAaK>s), 1, an acorn, and
gen. any fruit of similar shape, Hor. ; 2, a bullet
discharged from a sling; glandes fundis in casas
jacere, Caes.
glar£a -ae, f. gravel, Cic.
glaredsus -a -um (glarea), gravelly, full of
gravel; saxa, Liv.
glaucoma -Stis, n. (yAatixw^a), a disease of
the eye, Plin.
1. glauous -a -um (yAavxds), bluish-grey;
unlix, Verg. ; ainictus Arethusae, Verg.
2. GlauOUS -i, m. (rAau/cds), 1 a fisherman
of Anthedon, changed into a sea-god, the prophet
of the Nereids ; 2, son, of Sisyphus, torn to pieces
by his own horses.
gleba (glaeba) -ac, f. (connected with
globus and glomus). I. a lump or clod of earth,
Cic. ; met., land, soil; terra potens ubere glebae,
Verg. II. Transf., apiece, lump of any substance;
picis, Caes. ; turis, Lucr.
s glebula -ae, f. (dim. of gleba, a little clod),
1, a Utile farm or estate, Juv. ; 2, a small lump
or bit of any substance, Plin.
glesum = glaesum (q.v.).
glis, gliris, m. a dormouse, Plin.
glisco, 3., 1, to grow up, swell up, blaze up;
adjuveuilein libidinein copia voluptatuin gliscit
ilia, ut iguis oleo, Cic. ; ignis sub pectore glis-
cens. Lucr. ; 2. to increase, swell, spread; ne glis-
ceret negligendo bellum, Liv. ; gliscente in dies
seditione, Liv. ; multitudo gliscit immensum,
increases very much, Tac.
gldbo, 1. (globus), 1, to form into a ball,
Plm. ; 2, to form into a mass, to crowd together,
Plin.
globc-SUS -a -um (globus), spherical, globe-
shaped; terra, Cic.
globulus -i, in. (dim. of globus), a littleround
ball, globule, Plin.
globus -i, m. 1, a round ball, globe, sphere ;
stellarum, Cic; terrae, Cic; 2, a, a round
heap or mass; flammarum, Verg. ; b, a troop,
crowd, mass of people; globus circumstans con-
sulis corpus, Liv.
glomeramen -iuis, n. (glomero), a round
mass, globe, Lucr.
glomero, 1. (glomus). I. Lit., A. to wind
round, makea ball, form, into a sphere ; lanam in
orbes, Ov. B. Of food, to roll into a ball; frusta
mero glomerata, Ov. II. Transf., A. Of horse-
men, superbos gressus, to make a horse curvet or
prance, Verg. B. to gather together, collect, form
into a mass ; agmiua, Verg. ; glomerantur apes
in orbeiu, Verg.
glomus -ens, n. (akin to globus), clue, skein,
ball of thread ; lauae, Hor.
gloria -ae, f. (root CLU, CLO ; Gk: KAY,
K.VE, whence Latin laus, Gk. kAc'oj), fame, re-
nown, glory. I. Lit., doctrinae et ingenii, Cic. ;
in summam glorkun venire, Cic ; gloriam habere,
cousequi, capere, acquirere, Cic. ; gloriam sequi,
Cic; aliquem gloiia aiheere, to honour, Cic;
plur., gloriae, opportunities for fame, Sail. II,
Melon., A. a, a glorious deed, Tac; b, pride,
glory; taurus pecoris, or armeuti, gloria, Ov.
B. In a bad sense, vain-glory, boasting, ambi-
tion, pride, Cic.
gloriatio -onis, f. (glorior), a glorying, boast-
ing, Cic.
gldridla -ae, f. (dim. of gloria), a little glory ;
hisce euro ornes gloriolae insignibus, Cic.
glorior, 1. dep. (gloria), to glory in, boast of,
pride oneself on anything; 1, absol.,-hic tu me
gloriari veras, Cic. ; with adverbs, nimis, Cic. ;
insolenter, Cic. ; with adversus and the ace, ue
adversus te quidem jionabor, Liv. ; with in and.
the abL, in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet.
Ball. ; 2, with abl., nominibus veterum, Cic. ;
sua victoria tain insolenter, Caes. ; 3, with de
and the abl., de tuis benenciis intolerantissime
gloriaris, Cic ; 4, with ace and infill., is mihi
etiam gloriabitur se omnes magistratus sine re-
pulsa assecutum, Cic ; 5, with pronoun ace,
velleni equidem idem posse gloriari quod Cyrus,
Cic ; partic. fut. pass., gloriandus, glorious,
worthy to be boasted of; beata vita glonanda et
pracdicanda est, Cic
gloriosc, adv. (gloriosus), 1, with glon/,
gloriously; aliquid gloriosissime et magniti-
centisaiiue conficpie, Cic. ; 2, vauutingly, boast-
ingly ; mentiri, Cic
gloriosus -a -um (gloria). I. Object,
famous, glorious ; mors, Cic ; gloriosissimum
factum, Cic. II, Subject., a, ambitious, Cic;
b, pretentious, boastful; miles, Cic.
glubo, glupsi, gluptum, 3. 1, to peel, tak»
off the rind or bark, Varr. ; 2, transf., to rob;
magnanimos Remi nepotes, Cat.
gluten -tin is, n. glue, Verg.
glutinator -5ris, m. (glutino), one who glue*
together books, a bookbinder, Cic.
glu
:4_
gra
gluiino, 1. (gluten), to glue or paste together,
rim.
glutlO (gluttio) -ivi or -ii -ltum, 4. to sit-oZ-
low, gulp down; epulas, Juv.
gluto (glutto) -onis, in. (glutio), a glutton,
Pel's.
Glycera -ae, f. (TAuice'pa), a woman's name.
Glyco and Gljrcon -onis, m. (TAvkuv), 1,
a ceUbmted athlete, Hor. ; 2, a physician, Cic
Gnaeus -i, iu. a Roman name, shortened Cn.
gnaritas -atis, f. (gnarus), knowledge, Sail.
gnarus -a -urn (root GNA, whence also
gnavus = navus), 1, knowing, having knowledge
of, acquainted with; with genit, reipubllcae,
Cic; Latinae linguae, Liv.; with rel. sent., emu
gnaruni fuisse, quibus orationis modis quaeque
animorum partes pellereutur, Cic. ; with ace.
and in tin., Hasdrubal satis gnarus Haunibalem
transitusquosdam pretio mercatum (esse), Liv. ;
2, pass., known; gnarum id Caesari, Tac.
Gnatho -Onis, m. the name of a parasite in
the Eunuchus of Terence; hence = parasite, Cic. ;
Gnathonicl -orum, m. parasites like Gnatho,
Ter.
Gnatia = Egnatia (q.v.).
gnatus, gnavus = natus, navus (q.v.).
Gnidus = Cnidus(q.v.).
GnOSUS (GnOSSUS) -i, f. (Kvuxrd;, Kvw(TO-d5),
an ancient city of Crete, the residence of Minos;
hence adj., 1, GnosiUS-a -urn, Gnosian, Cretan;
stella coronae, crown of Ariadne, Hor. ; subst.,
Gnosla -ae, f. Ariadne, Prop. ; 2, Gno-
siacus -a -um, Gnosian; rex, Minos, Ov. ; c,
Gnoslas -adis, f. Gnosian, poet.= Cretan; and
subst. = ^iriad)!e; d, Gnosis -Idis, f., corona,
the constellation ofAriaane's crown, Ov. ; subst.,
A riadne.
gobius (coblus) -li, m. and gobio -onis,
in. (khj/Siot), a gudgeon, Ov.
Gomphi -orum, m. (T6n<f>oi), a town in Thes-
saly, on the Peneus. Hence Gomphonses
-inm, in. the irihabitants of Gomphi.
gonger, v. conger.
Gordium -ii, n. (V6pSioi>), town in rhrygia.
GordlUS -Ii, in. (rripSios), a Phrygian king,
famed for a knot on his chariot, the unfastencr of
which, according to a legend, would be the ruler of
Asia. Alexander the Great cut the knot.
Gordluticlios, u. ii.decL (ropfi'ov tcixos), a
place in Cariu.
Gorgias -ae, m. (Vopyiat), 1, a Greek sophist
of Leontini, contemporary of SocraJes ; 2, a rhetor
cian at Athens, contemporary of Cicero.
Gorgd -gonis, or -g(is, f. (ropyoi) ; plur.,
Gorgonea, the three daughters of Phorcus (Stheno,
Enryale, and Medusa), vumsters with snakes for
hair, rchose look turned persons to stone, the chief
of whom, Medusa, was slain by Perseus, and her
head set in Minerva's shield. Adj., Gorgoneus
-a -um, Gorgon; equus, the horse Pegasus, Ov.
Gorgoblna -ac, f. town of the Rnii on the
borders of Aquitania.
Gorgon, v. Gorge.
Gortyna -ae, f. (rdpruia). chief town of the
Island of Crete. Adj., Gortynius -a -um, and
Gortyniacus -a -um, Gortyniav.
Gothinl (Gotinl) -?rum, m. a Gerv.it>. people
on the river March.
GSthones (G8t6nes) -um, m. a German
people.
grab&tus -i, m. (<pi/3£a.TQ?, a Macedonian
vord), a lo~j eo-^ch, a common, wan bedstead,
0;c • ■ ■'
Gracchus -i, |ii. the uume of >• family of tkt
Gens Bempronia, the most famous members »l
which were Tib. and C. Seinpi'Oniua Gracchus,
sons of Tib. Sempr'onius Gracchus and Cornelia,
daughter of the elder Scipio Africanus. Adj.,
Gracchanus -a -um, Graeehan.
gracilis -e, slender, thin, slim; 1, lit., purr,
Her.; capella, Ov. ; 2, transf., of discourse,
simple, without ornament ; materia, Ov.
gracilitas -atis, f. (gracilis), thinness, slim-
ness, slenderness ; corporis, Cic.
graoulus -i, in. a jackdaw, Phaedr.
gradatim, adv. (gradus), step by step, by
gradations, gradually, by degrees, Cic.
gradatio-onis,f.(gradus),inrliet.,dimM-,Cic.
gradior, gressus sum, gradi, dep., to step,
walk, Cic.
GradlVUS -i, m. (gradior, he that walks in
battle), a surname of Mars, Liv., Verg.
gradus -us, m. (gradior). I. a step. A.
Gen., 1, lit., graduin faceie, to make a step, Cic. ;
celerare, Verg. ; corripere, Hor. ; addere, to
hasten, Liv. ; gradu citato, pleno, at quick
march, Liv.; graduin referre, to go back, Liv.;
gradum inferre in hostes, to advance against,
Liv. ; gradum conferre, to come to close combat,
Liv.; 2, tig-, ft, a step towards something;
primus gradus imperii factus est, Cic; gradum
fecit ad censuram, Liv. ; b, step, approach ;
quern mortis timuit gradum, Hor. B. station,
position, post (of a combatavt), aliquem gradu
movere or demovere, to drive from one's ground,
Liv.; tig., aliquem de gradu dejicere or gradu
depellere, Cic. II. Metou., step, stair, round
of a ladder. A. Lit, a, gradus teinplormn, Cic. ;
b, esp., gen. m plur., the rows of seats in a
theatre, etc., Tac; sing., at Novius collega
gradu post me sedet uno, Hor. B. Transf.,
a, music, t. t, tlie gradations of sound; son-
orum gradus, Cic; b, degree, stage; a vir-
tute ad rationeni video te venisse gradibus, by
stages, Cic; ontnes gradus aetatis, Cic; c, degree
of relationship ; necessitudinnm gradus, Cic;
d, rank, position; gradus senatorius, Cic; in-
timus fortuuae gradus, Cic
Graeci -Orum, m. (Vpaaxoi), the Greeks: sing.,
Graecus -i, in. a Greek, Cic, and Graeca
-ae, f. a Greek woman, Liv. Hence, A. Graec-
us -a -run, Greek ; ad Graecas Calendas, v. Ca-
lendar ; subst,, Graecum-i, Greek language or
literature; adv. Graece, in the Greek language;
B. Graecia -ae, f. Greece ('EAAds), 1, Greece in
i the narrow sense; 2, Magna Graecia, the Greek
I rolonies in the south of Italy. C. Graeciilus
-a -um, dim. adj., Greek (gen. used ironically).
Subst., Graeculus -i, m. a little Greek, used
contemptuously of the Greek philosophers and
rhetoricians in the houses of the rich at Rome,
Cic.
graecor, 1. dep. (Graecus), to live in Greek
fashion, Hor.
Graecostasis -is, f. (rpaocd(7T<i(Tis), a build-
ing in the Roman Forum, erected for the purp -<•
of lodging Greek and other foreign ambassadors,
Cii
Grail -Crura (and poet, -um), m.= Graeci, the
Greeks, Cic. ; sing., Graius -i, m. a Greek.
Hence, Graius -a -um, Greek.
Graioceli -arum, m. a Gallic people in the
Graian Alps.
Graiugena -ae, m. (Graius and geno =
gigno), a Greek by birth, a Greek, Verg.
gramen -inis, n. (root GER, CER. whence
cresco), 1, frus, Surf, Liv., Verg. ; g, fani l
fieri, Verg.
gra
243
gra
gramme us -a -urn foramen). I. made of
grass. A. Gen., corona obsidionalis, Liv. B.
made of cane or bamboo; hasta, Cic. II. grassy ;
campus, Verg.
grammatica, v. grammaticus.
grammaticus -a -urn (ypa/xna-riKds). I.
Adj., relating to grammar, grammatical; tribus
grammatical adire, the company of grammarians,
Hor. II. Subst., a, grammaticus -i, m.
it grammarian, Cic. ; b, grammatica -ae, f.
and gramm&tlce -e"s, f. grammar, philology,
Cic. ; c, grammatica -drum, n. grammar,
■philology, Cic.
grammatista -ae, ni. (ypati^a.io-T>ii), a
teacher of grammar, teacher of languages, Suet.
Gramplus Mons, a mountain in Scotland,
Dow the Grampians.
granarium -ii, n. (granum), a granary;
gen. iu plur., Cic.
grandaevus -a -um (graudis and aevuni),
very old ; I\ T ereus, Verg.
grandesco, 3. (grandis), to become great,
increase in size, Cic.
grandifer -fera -feruin (grandis and fero),
producing great profit or service, Cic.
grandiloquus -a -um (grandis and loquor),
I, speaking grandly, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense,
boastful, grandiloquent, Cic.
grandinat, impers. it hails, Sen.
grandlO, 4. (grandis). I. Transit., to make
great, increase, Plaut. II. Iutransit., to become
great, Cato.
grandis -e. I. Lit., great, large. A. In
extent, 1, epistola, Cic. ; 2, in stature, tall,
puer, Cic. B. Of weight, etc., large; pondus
irgenti, Cic. C. Of time, old ; grandis natu, Cic.
II. Transf., A. great, important; res grandiores,
Cic B. Esp., of style, higli, lofty, grand, ele-
vated, sublime; genus dicendi, Cic; oratores
grandes verbis, Cic.
graviditas -atis, f. (grandis), of discourse,
loftiness, sublimity ; verborum, Cic.
grando -Inis, f. hail, hail-storm, Cic.
Granicus -i, m. (TpavLicos), river in Mysia,
famous for one of Alexander's victories.
granifer -ffira -ffirum (granum and fero),
grain-carrying ; agmen, ants, Ov.
granum -i, n. a grain or seed; uvae, Ov. ;
fici, Cic.
graphiarius -a -um (graphium), relating to
the graphium, Suet.
graphium -ii, n. (ypa<f>iov), a style or sharp-
pointed instrument for writing on waxentablets,Ov.
grassator -oris, iu. (grassor), 1, an idler,
Cato ; 2, a nocturnal vagabond or rioter, Cic.
grassor, 1. dep. (gradior)._ I. 1, to advance,
proceed ; ad gloriam virtutis via, Sail. ; in possess-
ionem agri publici, Liv.; 2, a, to go to work, to
proceed; .jure, uon vi, Liv. ; veneno, Tac. ; b,
esp., to proceed violently, to rage; ut paucorum
putentia grassaretur, Tac II. to go about idly
in the streets, to loiter, riot ; juventns grassana in
Suburra, Liv.
grate, adv. (gratus), 1, willingly, with plea-
sure, Cic. ; 2, thankfidly ; et grate et pie facere,
iJic.
grates, ar:c. grates, abl. gratibus, f. (gratus),
'.hanks, esp. to the gods ; alicui grates agere,
Cic. ; laudes et grat6£ alicui habere, Tac.
gratia -ae, f. (gratus), agreeabltness, pleasant-
■Mfs. I. A. Lit., thai which is pleasing, charm;
eratia non dec-at verbis. Prop. ; hence personif.,
flratiae*, the Grac&, daughUn of Zeus and 2?wy-
Konu (Euphroayue, Aglaia, and Thalia,) the god'
desses of grace, charm, agreeableness, etc.). B.
Transf., 1, favour, grace; a, petivit in benclicii
loco et gratiae, Cic. ; graliam dicendi facere, to
allow to speak, Liv. ; in gratiamalicuius, to please
someone, Liv.; abl., 'gratia, on account of; hom-
inum gratia, Cic. ; exempli gratia, for example,
Cic. ; b, indulgence (towards an otience) ; delicti
gratiam facere, to be indulgent to, Sail. ; 2,
tliankjulness, thanks; gratiam ferre alicuius rei,
Liv. ; gratiam persolvere diis, Cic. ; gratias agere,
to thank, Cic. ; alicui pro suo sumnio beneficio
gratias agere, Cic. ; gratiarum actio, giving
thanks, Cic; gratiam habere, to be thankful, Cic;
gratiam referre, to make a return, Cic. ; gratfam
reddere, Sail. ; dis gratia or gratia dis, thank
God! Ov. ; abl. plur., gratiis or gratis, without
recompense, for nothiiig, gratis ; gratiis exaedi-
ficari atque effici uavem, Cic. II. A. favour
with other persons, credit, influence; gratiam
alicuius sibi conciliare, Cic. ; gratiam inire ab
aliquo, Cic; apud or ad aliquem, Liv.; in gratia
esse, to be beloved, Cic. B. Transf., 1, friend-
ship, regard ; iu gratiam redire cum aliquo, Cic;
cum bona gratia aliquem demittere, Cic. ; 2,
power, dignity, Cic.
gratificatio -ouis, f. (gratificor), complais-
ance, obligingness, showing kindness; Sullaua, oj
Sulla to his soldiers, Cic ; impudeus, Cic; grati-
ficatio et benevolentia, Cic
gratificor, I. dep. (gratus and facio), 1, to
act so as to please any one, to oblige, gratify, do a
favour to; alicui, Cic; with de aliqua re, to
communicate ; qui de eo quod ipsis superat, aliis
gratilicari voluut, Cic ; 2, with ace of thing,
to give, present to ; populo aliena et sua, Cic
gratiis, v. gratia.
gratiosus -a -um (gratia), 1, enjoying favour,-
favoured, beloved; apud onines ordines, Cic;
in provincia, Cic ; 2 ? showing favour, com-
plaisant; gratiosi sonbae sint in daiido ct
cedendo loco, Cic.
gratis, v. gratia.
Gratius -ii, m. (Faliscus), a Roman poet, con-
temporary of Ovid.
grator, 1. dep. (gratus), 1, to manifest joy, to
congratulate any one; alicui, Verg.; sibi, Ov. ;
gratatur reduces (sc eos esse), Verg. ; 2, to re-
joice; Jovis templum gratautes ovautesque
adire, Liv.
gratuito, adv. (jrratuitus), without payment,
gratuitously ; aiicui gratuito civitatem impertire,
Cic.
gratuitus -a -um, not paid for, gratuitous,
free, spontaneous, voluntary ; suffragia, comitia,
unbribed, Cic ; amicitia, Cic ; probitas, liberal-
itas, Cic
gratulabundus -a -um (gratulor), con-
gratulating, Liv. ,
gratiilatlo -ouis, f. (gratulor), 1, a wishing
joy, congratulation ; civium, Cic ; laudis uostrae,
because of, Cic. ; in sua gratulatione, when he was
being congratulated, Cic ; 2, a thanksgiving
festival; reipublicae bene gestae, Cic
gratulor, 1. dep. (gratus), 1, to manifest joy,
to .wish a person joy, congratulate ; alicui d6
reditu, Cic. ; alicui iu aliqua re, Cic. ; with ace,
alicui recuperatam libertatem, Cic. ; with ace
of respect and infln., Cic; alicui quod, etc.,
Cic. ; with or without sibi, to rajotce, wish orxs'lf
joy, Cic. ; 2, to give solemn thanks to a deity, Ter.
gratus -a -urn (root CRA, Gr. XAP, whencs
Xapros, xdpis, xaipio). pleasing. T a charming,
pleasant, agreeailz; Venus, Hor. ; gratissima
tellus, Dclot, Verg. II. 1, a, agn-.abU, velccv.',
beloved ; convive, Hor.; gratisskaa Yictori*, Cic.;-
gra
244
gum
b, grateful, deserving thanks; Veritas etiamsi
jucunda non est, mini tameu grata est, Cic. :
gratum est, with inftn., Cic; 2, grateful; gratus
in or erga aliqueui, Cic. Subst., gratus -i, in.
grateful man, Cic.
gravantcr, adv. (gravans, from gravor),
with difficulty; reguli Gallorutn hand giavanter
ad Poenuni vcnerunt, Liv.
gravate, adv. (gravor), with, difficulty, un-
willingly ; gra>ate illc primo, Cic.
gravedlnusus -a -urn (gravcdo), subject to
cold or catarrh, Cic.
gravedo -Inis, f. (gravis), heaviness of the
limbs and head, cold, catarrh, Cic.
graveolens -lentis (grave and oloo), strong-
smelling, rank, Verg.
gravesco, 3. (gravis), 1, to become grievous,
grow worse; aeruiuna, L«cr. ; 2, of animals, to
become pregnant, Plin. ; trausf., nemus l'etu
gravescit, is laden with fruit, Verg.
graviditas -atis, f.(gravidus), pregnancy t Cic
gravldo, 1. (gravidas), to fructify; terra
giavidata seminibus, Cic.
gravldus -a -urn (gravis), pregnant. A. Lit.,
Cic. B. laden, filled, full ; with abl., pharetra
sngittis, Hor. ; urbs bellis, Verg. ; tempests*
fulminibus, Lucr.
gravis -e. I. heavy, weighty, burdensome
O'pp. levis). A. Lit., onus armorum, Caes.;
cibus, hecivy, hard to digest, Cic. ; agmeu, heavy-
armed, Liv. ; aes grave, heavy coin, according to
the old reckoning, in which an as weighed a
pound, Liv. B. Transf., a, of sound, low, deep
("pp. acutus) ; vox, sonus, Cic. ; b, of persons
or things relating to persons, weighty, important ;
.testis, auctor, Cic; of style, elevated, dignified;
genus epistolarum severum et grave, Cic. ; c,
grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, unpleasant;
tempestas, Cic; vulnus, Caes. ; ue quid gravius
in fratrem statueret, take harsh measures against,
Caes. ; d, (u) of smell, strong, fetid; odor caeni
gravis, Verg.; (p) unwholesome, unhealthy ; anni
teinpus, Cic; (y) oppressive, troublesome, sad;
senectus, Cic. ; grave est, with intin., Cic. II.
led with, laden with. A. Lit., agmen praeda
grave, Liv. B. Transf., a., pregnant, Verg.; b,
heavy with, sleep, food, wine, etc. ; graves somno
<=pulisque, Liv.; c, weak, ill; morbo, Verg. ; d,
advanced in age; gravis aetate, Liv.
Gravlscae -arum, f. a town in Etruria.
gravltas -atis, f. (gravis). I. weight. A.
Lit., armorum, Caes. B. Transf., a, weight, conse-
quence, importance; senteutiarum, Cic. ; b, (h'17-
nity, sublimity; oris, Liv.; e»p. of style, dicendi,
Cic; c, authority, seriousness, sternness, gravity ;
cum gravitate et constant.ia vivere, Cic. ; d, (a)
high price; annonae, Tac ; (/3) unhealthincss;
caeli, Cic; (y) unpleasantness of smell ; odoris,
Tac. II. a, pregnancy, Ov. ; b, didness, heavi-
ness, JaUUness ; corporis, Cir. ; linguae, Cic.
gravlte'r, adv. (gravis), a, of sound, deeply;
souarc, Cic; b, impressively, with dignity;
nrationem graviter habere ct scntcutiose, Cic,;
c, violently, reltemenlly; graviter aegrotare, Cic;
qucri, couqueri, Cic,; gravissime dolerc, Caes.;
d, in an unhealthy condition; so mm graviter
habere, Cic; e, irritably, hardly; aliquid
g'aviter accipere, ferre, to be vexed with, Cic
gravo, 1. (gravis). I. Act., to load, burden.
A. Lit., aliquem saicinis, Tac. B. Transf., a, to
htighUn, exaggerate, increase; invidiam matris,
Tac. ; bytooppress, burden, trouble; gravari injuriis
militum, Liv. II. Pass., gravor used as dep., to
bear or do unwillingly, to be troubled, annoyed, to
refuse, decline; with infin., rogo ut ne graveris
oxaedilicare id opus quod instituisti, Cic,
I.'
gregalis -e (grex). I. belonging to a herd,
Plin. II. Transf., A. belonging to the same com-
pany ; as subst. plur., gregales -ruin, m.
companions, associates, accomplices ; CaUlinae,
Cic. B. common, of a common kind ; amic
ultitu, of a private soldier, Liv.
gregarlus -a -um (grex), belonging to th*
herd, common ; miles, a private soldier, Cic.
gregatim, adv. (grex). I. in flocks or herds,
Plin. II. Transf, in trorps or crowds; videtis
cives gregatim conjectos, Cic
grcmlum -li, n. the lap. A. Lit., in gremio
matris sedere, Cic; tig., abstrahi e gremio
patriae, Cic. B. Trausr., centre, middle; medio
Graeciae gremio, Cic. -
gressus -us, in. (gradior), a step, course,
way; gressura tendere ad moenia, Verg.; transf.,
of a ship, hue dirige gressum, Verg.
grex, grfgis, m. I. a herd, flock of any
animate; equarum, Cic; avium, Hor. I,
Transf., A. Of human beings, 1, gen., troop,
baiul, company, sometimes contemptuously, a
herd; amiconmi, Cic; ptaedonum, Cic; 2,
esp., a, a philosophical sect; philosophoruni,
Cic. ; b, of .soldiers, a troop; often grege facto,
in close order, Liv. B. Of things without life,
hyaditm, Ov.
grunnlo (grundio) -ivi or -ii -itum, 4. to
grunt like a pig, Plin.
grunnitus (grunditus) -us, m. (grunnio),
the grunting of a pig, Cic.
grus, grtiis, m. and (gen.) f. a crane, Cic
grylius -i, in. (yptiAAos), a cricket, grass-
hopper, Plin.
Gryneus -a -um, v. Grynia.
Grynia -ae, f. (PpiVeco), and Grynlum -ii,
n. (Vpiiviov), a town in Aeolis, with a temple
and oracle of Apollo. Hence, Gryneus -a
-mn, Gryr.can.
gryps, grypis (gryphis), in. (yp^), a griffin,
^ erg.
gubernaciilum (giibernaclum) -i, n.
(guberno), a rudder, helm; 1, lit., ad guber-
naculumaccedere, Cic ; 2, transf, direction, man-
agement, government; esp. of the state, accedere
ad reipublicae gubernacula, Cic; ad aliqueui
gubernacula reipublicae deferre, Cic. ; ad guber-
naeula reipublicae sedere, Cic. ; gubernacula
reipublicae tractare, Cic ; senatum a guber-
uaculis dejicere, Cic
giibernatio -ouis, f. (guberno), 1, lit.,
steering, the art of steering, Cic ; 2, transf.,
direction, government ; taiitarum reruni, Cic.
gubemator -oris, in. (guberno), l, /ie/m.>--
man, steersman, pilot, Cic; 2, transf., leader,
director, governor; civitatis, Cic
giibernatrix -icis, f. (gubernator), she that
hails, directs, governs ; ista praeclara guberuatrix
civitatum, eloquentia, Cic
guberno, 1. (nv^tpfui). A. to sterr a ship,
Cic. ; prov. , e terra, from a place of safety to dim t
tliose who are in danger, Liv. B. Transf., a, in-
transit., to sit at. the helm, t'> >lrer ; jam prideni
gubernare me tacdebat, Cic; b, transit., to
guide, direct, govern; reinpublicam, Cic
gubernum -i, 11. = gubcrnaculum (q.v.).
gula -ae, f. 1, lit., the gullet, throat ; ubt-irta.
gula, Cic. ; gulam laqueo frangere, to strung!",
Sail.; 2, meton., greediness, gluttony, Cic; irrita-
menta gulae, Ball. ; o gulam insulsam, Cic.
guldsus -a -um (gula), gluttonous, greedy,
dainty, .Mart,
giimla -ae, c. an epicure, gourmand; ap. Cic
gumrai, t\. indecl. (kouul). gum. Plin.
gur
246
hab
gurges -itis, m. (from root GAR, to swallow,
whence also gula). I. a whirlpool, eddy, abyss;
a, lit., Rheni, Cic. ; b, fig., gurges libidiimm,
Cic. ; gurges ac vorago patrimonii, squanderer,
Cic; tu gurges atque helluo, Cic. II. poet.
transf., any deep water, a stream, flood, sea;
Carpathius, Verg.
1. gurgulio -uiiis, f. (see gurges), the wind-
pipe, Cic.
2. gurgulio -onis, in. v. curculio.
gurgustium -ii, n. a hut, hovel, Cic.
gUStatus -us, in. (gusto), 1, taste, as one of
the senses, Cic. ; rig., verae laudis gustatum non
liabere, to have no taste for, Cic. ; 2, the taste,
flavour of anything ; pomorum, Cic.
gusto, 1. to taste, take a little of. A. Lit.,
aquam, Cic. ; gnstare sanguinem alicuius, Cic. ;
absol., quorum nemo gustavit Cubans, Cic.
B. Transf., to partake of, enjoy; amorem vitae,
Lucr. ; lucellum, Hor. ; Metrodorum, listen to
for a time, Cic.
gust us -us, id. (root GU-o, TX-a>, whence
also gusto, yevio, yevoixai, yevcris), 1, tlie tasting;
gnstu explorare cibum, potiun alicuius, Tac. ;
2, meton., a, the whet or relish taken before a
■mad, Mart. ; b, the taste or flavour of anything,
Plin.
gutta -ae, f. A. Lit., a drop of any liquid;
gnttae iinbriuni quasi crucutae, Cic. 3. Transf.,
guttafe, spots or marks on animals, stones, Verg., Ov.
guttur -iiris, n. the windpipe, throat; 1, lit.,
gut fur alirui frangere, to break a person's neck,
Hor. ; 2, meton., gluttony, Juv.
guttus -i, in. (gutta), a narrow-necked jug,
Hor., Jnv.
Gyaros -i, f. (iVapo?), and Gyara -drum, n.
(Vvapa), an island in the Aegean Sea, one of the
Cychulen, now Chiura, or Jura.
Gyas -ae, ace. -an, and Gyes -ae, ace. -en, m.
(IHiijs), 1, a giant with ahundred arms; 2, a com-
panion of Aeneas.
Gyges -is and -ae, ace. -en, m. (IY<y>)s), 1, a
favourite, of Candaules, king of Lydia, whom he
murderedandsucceededasking. Adj., Gygaeus
-a -urn, of or belonging to Gyges. 2, a youth men-
tioned by Horace.
gymnasiarchus -i, m. (yvfiva<riapxoi), the
master of a gymnasium, Cic.
gymnasium (gumnasium) ii, n. (yvpva-
<riov), a public school of gymnastics, gymnasium
(among the Greeks), Cic; the gymnasia in Greece
were frequented by philosophers and sophists,
hence a place for philosophical discussion, Cic.
gymnastic us -a -um vyfM»'<«rTiicds), relating
to gymnastic exercises, Plaut.
gymnicus -a -um (yv/iviKo';), gymnastic;
ludi, Cic. ; certainen, Cic.
gynaeceum -i, n., and gynaecium -i, n.
(yvvaiKflov), the women's apartments in a Greek
house, Cic.
gynaeconitis-Idis, f. (yvvauctovlTis) = gynae-
ceuin (q.v.), Nep,
Gyndes -is, in. (rw&j?), a river in Assyria,
now Kerah, or Karah Su.
gypso, 1. (gypsum), to cover with gypsum;
partic. gypsatus -a -uni, covered with gypsum;
pes (the feet of slaves for sale being marked with
gypsum), Ov. ; gypsatissiniismanibus,i»M/W«ufc/s
whitened with gypsum (as of actors who played
women's parts), Cic.
gypsum -i, n. (yityo?), 1, gypsum, Plin. ;
2, meton., « gypsum, ov plaster figure, Juv.
Gyrton -onis, f. (Vvpiuv), and Gyrtone -es,
f. (TvpTuivn), a town in Thessaly.
gyrus -i, in. (yCpos), a circle, circular course ;
a, gyrum trahere (of a snake), Verg. ; gyros per
aera ducere, to wheel through the air (of birds),
Ov. ; volat ingenti gyro (telum), Verg. ; eap. of
a horse, gyros dare, to career, curvet, Verg. ; tig.,
in gyrum rationis et doctrinae duel, to make a
wide digression, Cic. ; ex ingenti quodamoratoreul
iinmeusoque campo in exigunm gyrum com-
pellere, Cic; b, poet, (offline), circuit; bruina
nivalem lnteriore diem gyro trahit, Hor.
Gytheum and -lum (r^tiov), and Gy-
thium -ii, n. (T69t.oi>), town in Laconia, the port
of Sparta, now Paleopolis.
H.
Hh, the eighth letter of the Latin Alphabet,
, corresponding to the Greek spiritns asper.
Its position at the beginning of a word is often
uncertain, as, for instance, we find arnspcx for
haruspex ; and on the contrary, bonus for onus,
etc. In combination, h before t is sometimes
changed into c, as traho, tractus, and with fol-
lowing s forms x, as traxi, vexi.
ha! an exclamation, ha! hold! slop! ha! ha!
Plaut.
habena -ae, f. (habeo), that by which anything
is held. I. a thong, of a sling, Verg. ; a whip,
Hor. II. Esp., the reins (gen. in plur.). A. 1,
lit., habenas fundere, dare, to give the rein, to let
loose the rein, Yerg. ; habenas adducere, or pre-
mere, to tighten, Verg. ; 2, poet., transf., of sails,
immittit habenas classi, crowds on sail, Verg.
B. Fig., 1, ainiuitiae habenas adducere, reinit-
tere, Cic; 2, government, guidance; reriini (of
the state), Verg.
habeo -tli -itum, -2. (root HAB, connected
with 'AIT-a>, airrui), to liave, hold. I. Lit.,
A. 1, to have, in the hand or on the neck, etc. ;
to carry, wear ; a, coronam in capite, Cic. ; vestis
bonaquaerit haberi, to be worn, Ov. ; of inanimate
objects, altera vestes ripa meas habuit, my
clothes lay upon the other bank, Ov. ; b, to have
as part of oneself; feminae duplices papillas
habent, Cic. ; 2, of places, tohnld, have, contain,
keep ; Tartara habent Panthoiden, Hor. ; 3, of
the contents of a writing or book, nihil eniin
(epistolr.) V<\ be rmt, quod, etc, Cic. B. In a wider
sense, 1, to have possession of, have power over;
a, to inhabit a place; Capuam, to inhabit, Liv. ;
b, of an enemy, to occupy ; hostishabetmuros, is
in possession of, Verg. ; c, to have as a ruler, to rule ;
Roniam a principio reges habuere, Tac ; animus
habet cuncta ncque ipse habetur. Sail. ; d., to have
property in actual possession; gemmas, argentum,
Hor.; absol., to possess property, to be wealthy;
habere in Bruttiis, Cic. ; habet idem in nuimnis,
habet in praediis urbanis, Cic. ; habendi amor,
Verg. ; illiquid sibi, to possess or keep for oneself ;
sibi haberent honores, Cic. ; hence the formula
of divorce, res tuas tibi habeas (habc), Plaut. ;
istiimsnasres sibi habere jussit, divorce d, Cic. ; e,
to keep cattle, animals ; pecus, to keep or possess a
flock, Verg.; so doini divisores, Cic; 2, to keep
constantly i n some position, maintain; a, around
oneself, to keep a person for a particular purpose;
aliqiiein secuni, to keeji near oneself, Nep. ; ca-
tcrvas lingitiosortun circuin se, Sail; b, to keep
in some place; militcsin castris, tokeepthe soldiers
in camp, Sail.; anna procul, to keep ai-ms at a
distance, i.e., to avoid war. Tac ; c, to confine,
to keep fast; senatuin in curia incliisum, Cic;
aliqiiein in vinculls, Sail. ; in custodian) haberi,
to be^ilaced in confinement, Liv. II. Transf., A In "
hab
246
hae
a narrower sense, 1, generally, aliquid in manibus,
to have in hand, Cic ; illiquid in animo, to have
in the mind, intend; with infill., Cic; aliquem
in animo, to have in one's thoughts, Sail. ; 2, of
the condition of the mind or body; a, vulnus,
to be wounded, Ov. ; febrem, Cic; animum
fortern, Cic. ; bonum animum, to be of good
courage, Sail. ; odium iu aliquem, to cherish hatred,
Cic. ; b, to possess as a quality ; modestiam.Sall. ;
Caesar hoc habebat, had this custom, Cic ; c, to
draw after as a consequence, have as a result, to
cause ; beneficinm habct querelam, Cic. ; miseri-
cordiam, to cause pity, Cic; 3, a, to bring into
a certain condition; nmre infestum, to make un-
safe, Cic; aliquem sollicitum, to make anxious,
Cic ; b, to treat, behave towards; aliquem liberal-
issime, Cic. ; plebes servorum loco habetur,
Cic. ; exercituin luxuriose, Sail. ; c, to hare or
keep for some object ; nliquem ludibrio, to make a
mock of, Cic. ; rempublicam quaestui, Cic. ; 4, to
have, hold, consider,regard ; aliquem parentem, in
the light of a parent, Cic. ; aliquem pro hoste, as
an enemy, Liv. ; aliquki pro certo, Cic. ; "(in)
numero hostium, Cic. ; nliquid religion), to uiake.
a matter of conscience, of, Cic. ; paupertas probro
haberi coepit, to be. considered a disgrace, Sail. ;
5, a, to set about, order, hold, arrange ; concilium
plebis, to hold a council of the people, Cic; iter
Aegyptum, to go to Egypt, Cic. ; b, of speech,
to ntter, deliver, propound; orationein in senatu,
to deliver a speech, Cic ; sermonem cum aliqno,
to hold a conversation wtth, Cic. ; habere verba,
to speak, Cic. ; habere dialogum, to compose, Cic. ;
C, of time, to pass, spend; aetatem, Sail. ; 6, to
keep, observe ; ordines, Sail.; 7, alicui honorem,
to pay honour to, Cic. ; 8, reflex., se habere, or
simply habere, to fare, to be circumstanced, situ-
ated ; a, of persons, graviter se habere, to be
very ill, Cic ; singulos (snucios) tit se haberent
rogitans, Liv. ; b, of things, res sic or ita se
habet, or simply sic or ita se habet, Cic. B. In
a wider sense, 1, gen., a, to have, possess; diinid-
inm facti qui coepit habet, Hor. ; b, to have,
be informed of; habe3 consilia nostra, Cic. ; 2,
to have, experience; nonnullam invidiam ex en
quod, etc., Cic ; 3, to have i7i some relation or con-
dition; digni sumus quos habeas tui consilii
participes, Cic. ; habeo aliquem acerbum, Cic. ;
with pass, parti c.domitas habere lfbidines,Cic ;
4, a, nisi quid habes ad banc, luive something
to say, Cic. ; b, to be able, to be in a condition to ;
habeo etiam dicere, Cic.;- nihil habeo quod iu-
cusem senectutem, Cic,
habilis -e (liabeo). I. easily managed, handy,
supple; arcus, Vcrg. ; c.urrns, Ov. II. Transf.,
suitable, fit, convenient; a, physically, vigor,
Verg. ; with ad, calceus habilis et aptus ad
pedem. Cic. ; with dat, gens equistantnm habilis,
Liv. ; b, mentally skilful ; with dat. of gerund,
habilis capessendac reipnblicae, Tac
habllltas -litis, f. (habilis), aptitude, ability,
Cic.
h&bitabilis -e. (habito), hxdntable ; regio, Cic.
habitatio -onis, f. (habito), dwelling, habita-
tion; sumptus habitationis, Cic.
habitator -oris, m. (habito), one who dwells
or inliabits; a, of a house, hamtatorem in hac
caelesti ac divina doino, Cic; b, dweller in a.
country; sunt e terra homines non nt incolae
et habita tores sed quasi, etc, Cic.
habito, 1. (freq. of habeo). I. Transit,, to
inhabit; urbes, Verg. ; in pass., to be inhabited ;
vix pars dimidia (urbis) habita batur, Liv. II.
liitransit., A. toawell; alibi, Liv.; att'orapud
abqitem, Cic ; cum aliquo, Cic ; in via, Cic;
impels, pass., habitari, ait Xenocrates, in luna,
Cic; partic subst, habitantes, the inhabitants,
Ov. ; Jig., metus habitat in vita beata, Cic. B.
Transf., a, to dwell, to be always in « place, to
frequent ; in foro, Cic. ; quorum in vultu habitant
oenli mei, Cic; b, to dwell on a subject ; in eo
genere rerum, Cic
habltudo -Inis f. (habeo), form, appearance ;
corporis, Ter.
1. habitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from habeo), formed,
constituted, Ter.
2. habitus -us, m. (habeo). I. Lit, the con-
dition of the body, appearance. A. Gen., cor-
poris, Cic; oris, Cic B. Esp., the appearance
of the dress of the body; habitus atque vestitns,
Cic ; and meton., dress itself, Tac. II. Transf.,
A. the- -nature, condition; pecuniarum, Cic;
Italiae. Cic. B. disposition ; virtus est animi
habitus naturae modo atque rationi consents-
neus, Cic;
hac, adv. (abl. oi hie, sc. parte, or via), here,
this way, by th is side, Cic.
hactenus, adv. (lit,, hac parte tenns), so fur.
I. Lit., of place, up to this point; hactenus dom-
inion est ilia secuta suum, Ov. II. Transf., A.
In writing, discourse, etc., 1, up to this point;
hactenus milii videor de amicitia quid sentirem
potuis.se dicere, Cic; often elliptically, to close
a discussion, sed haec haectenns, Cic ; or to
pass on to something new, sed haec hactenus ;
nunc ad ostenta veniamus, Cic. ; 2, only so
far, only this, only so much ; quare tibi hactenus
mando, etc, Cic; 3, in so far as; with quoad,
quod, etc ; or with ut or ne, Cic. B. Of time,
till »'/»•, hitherto, Liv.
Hadria (Adria) -ae, f., 1, a town in Pi,
cenum, now Atri. ; 2, a town in the north, of Italy
between the Pculus amltheAthesis, now Adria ; 3,
generally masculine, the Adriatic Sea. Hence,
Adj. 1, Hadriacus (Adrlacus), -a -tun,
HadriaUc; 2, Hadrlanus -a -um, belong-
ing to Hadria (No. 2.) ; 3, Hadrlaticus -a
-urn, Adriatic.
1. Hadrlanus -a -um, v. Hadria.
2. Hadrlanus -i, m., P. Aelius Hadrianus,
Eoman Emperor from 117 to 13S a.d.
Hadruinetum, v. Au.-umctum.
haedinus -a -um (haeyis), of or pertaining
to a kid ,- pelliculae, Cic
hn cdulea -ae, f. (dim. of haedus), o little kid,
Hor.
haedulus -i, m. (dim. of haedus), a little kid,
Juv.
haedus -i, m. 1, a kid; young goat, Cic. ; 2,
haedi, the Kids, two stars of the constellation
Auriga, Cic.
Haemonia -ae, f. (Alfiovia), Haemonia, an
old name ofThessaly. Adj. 1, Haomonius -a
-um, Thessalian ; puppis, the ship Argo, Ov. ;
juvenis, Jason, Ov. ; puer or heros, Achilles, Ov. ;
meton., as Thessaly was notorious for witches,
artes, arte of enchantment, Ov. ; 2, Haemonis
-nidis, f. a Thessalian woman, Ov.
haereditas = hereditas (q.v.).
haereo, haesi, haesum, 2. to hang to, stick to,
cleave to, adhere. I. Gen., A. Lit, haerere in
equo, Cic. ; or equo, Hor. ; terra rarlieibus snis
haereat, Cic. ; fig., haerere visceribus civitatis,
Liv. B. Transf., a, to remain in a place; hie
haereo, Cic ; b, haerere alicui, to keep close to a
person, cleave to, Verg. ; in a hostile sense, haerere
in tergo, or in tergis, or simply tergis hostium,
to hang upon the rear of an enemy, Liv.; e, to
remain f red, to keep firm, not to leave; haerere in
jure ae praetorum tribunallbuR, Cic. ; ntemoria
rei in populo haerebit, Cic. II. to be rooted to
a spat, to stand still. A. Lit,, aspectu tenitua
haesit continnitque gradum, Verg. B. Transf.,
hae
247
has
a, to be retarded, to cease; Aeneae nianu victoria
haesit, Verg. ; b, to be in perplexity, to be embar-
rassed; hacrere homo, versari, vubcre, Cic.
haeres = heres (q-v.).
haeresco, 3. (haereo), to adhere, cleave, stick,
Lucf.
haeresis -60s, f. (ai'peo-is), a philosophical
sect, Cic. .
haesitantia -ae, f. (haesito), a sticking fast;
linguae, stammering, Cic.
Iiacsitatio -5nis, f.(haesito), 1, a sticking fast,
hesitation in speech, stammering; quanta haesitatio
trac.tusque verborum, Cic. ; 2, perplexity, em-
barrassment, Ixsitation, Cic.
haesito, 1. (intens. of haereo), to stick fast,
remain fast. I. Lit., in vadis, Liv. ; absol.,.
Caes. II. Transf., to stop. A. Of the tongue,
lingua, to stammer, Cic. B. to be perplexed, em-
barrassed, to hesitate, be at a loss: nbn" haesitans
respondebo, Cic.
Halaesa, v. Halesa.
Halaesus, y. Ilalesu.s.
halcedo, v. alcedo.
halcyon, v. alcyon.
Halcyone, v. Alcyone.
halec, v. alec.
Hales -letis, in. river in Lucania, now
Alento.
Halesa (Halaesa) -ae, f. ("AAaio-a), a town
in Sicily. Adj., Halesinus -a -mn, of or be-
longing to Halesa.
Halesus (Alesus) -i, m., a descendant of
Agamemnon.
halex, v. alec.
Haliacni6n(AlIacm6n)-m5nis, m. a river
in Macedonia, now Vistriza.
haliaetos ami hallaeetos -i, in. (dAiatc-
705), the sea-eagle, osprey, Ov.
Haliartus -i, f. (AAi'apTos), town in Bneotia
on the lake Copais. Hence, Haliartli -drum,
111. the inhabitants of Haliartus.
Kalicarnassos -i, f. CAkucapvao-o-os), town
in Caria, birthplace of Herodotiis, Hecataeus,
and Callimachus. Hence, 1, Halicarnas-
senses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Hali-
camassns; 2, Halicarnasseus -6i, m.
('AAiKapi'ocro-ci/?), born in. Halicarnassus ; 3,
Halicarnassii -drum, m. inhabitants of Hali-
carnassus.
Halicyae -arum, f. (' AAutvai), town in Sicily,
near lAlybaeurn, now Salemi. Hence adj.,
Halicyensis -e, of or belonging to Halicyae.
halieutica -on, ri. (ejUevnica.), the title, of
a poem of Ovid's on fishing.
halitus -us, m. (halo), breath, exhalation,
Cic.
hallex, v. alec.
halo, 1. I. Int.ransit., to breathe, exhale, be
fragrant; arae sertis halant, Verg. II. Transit,,
to breathe forth ; nectar, Lucf.
haluc ... v. alnc . . .
Haluntium, v. Aluntium.
Halus -i, f. town in Assyria..
Halyattes, v. Alyattes,
Halys -lyos, aco. -lyn, m. ("AAu<r), river in
Asia Minor, now the Kisil-Irmak.
hama (ama), -ae, f. (inn), a bucket, esp. o
fireman's bucket, Juv.
Hamadryas:Amadryas)-3dis, f. (A M aS-
puos), a wood-nymph, hamadi-yad, Verg.
hamatus -a -urn (hamus), 1, provided with
hooks, hooked; ungues, Ov. ; 2, curved like a
hook, hawked, crooked; corpora, Cic.
Hamilcar -caris, m. ('Ani'Axas), name of
several Carthaginians, (1) the son of Gisgo, cap-
tured and killed by Agathocles; (2) Hamilcar
Barca, Carthaginian general in the First Punic
War, father of Hannibal.
Hammon, v. Amnion.
hamus -i, m. (perhaps from habeo, "that
which hotds"), a hook. I. Lit., A. Gen., hami
'errei, Caes. ; bamis auroque trilix, the links of a
coat of mail, Verg. B. Esp., a fish-hook, Cic.
H. Transf., a, the talons of a hawk, Ov. ; b, a
thorn, 0\'t
Hannibal -bJlis, m. {'Awi^as), name of
several Carthaginians, the most famous being Han-
nibal, son of Hamilcar Barca, general of the Car-
thaginians in the Second Punic War, defeated by
Scipio at Zama.
hara -ae, - f. a pen or coop for domestic
animals, a pig-sty, Cic.
harena, v. arena.
hariolatio (ariolatio) -onis, f. soothsay-
ing, ap. Cic.
harioior (ariolor), 1. dep. (hariolus), 1,
to niter prophecies, predict, Cic. ; 2, to talk non-
sense, foolisltness, Plant.
hariolus (ariolus) -i,m. (dim. of *harius,
tepeus), a soothsayer, prophet, Cic.
1. harmdnia -ae, f. (ap/j-ovia), 1, the agree-
ment or skilful blending of sounds, hurmouy (=
concentus), Cic. ; 2, concord, harmony, Lucr.
2. Harmonia -ae, f. CApnovia), daughter of
Mars and Venus, wife of Cadmus, mother of
Semele and Ino.
harpago -onis, in. (apn-dyij), a large hook, a
drag, a grappling-iron, Caes. ; transf., a rapaci-
ous person, Plant.
harpe -es, f. (apmj), a curved or sickle-shaped
sword, Ov.
Harpocrates -is, m. ('Apnoiepdrris), an
Egyptian deity, the god of silence ; aliqueni red-
dere Harpocratem, to impose silence upon, Cat.
Harpyiae (trisyll.) -arum, f. ('Apmnai, tU
snatchers), the Harpies, mythical monsters, half
bird and half woman.
Harudes -um, m. a German peop/e between
the Phine, the Main, and the Danube.
harund ... v. arund.
haruspex (aruspex) -splcis, m. (t'epo?,
Boeotian tapds, Etruscan harus and * specio), 1 4
a soothsayer, one who foretold the future from the
inspection of entrails, or from the interpretation
of natural phenomena, as thunder, lightning, etc.,
Cic. ; 2, gen., a seer, prophet, Prop. r •
haruspicir.us -a -um (haruspex), relating
to the inspection of entrails, Cic. • Snbst,, harus-
picina -ae, f. (sc. ars), the art of the luirvspex,
the art. of inspecting entrails; haruspicinam
fuccre, to practise the art of haruspex, Ci<L. "
haruspicium -li, n. (haruspex), the 1 11 spec-
tion of entrails, divination, Cat.
Hasdrufc.il (Asdrubal) -Mlis, in. name
of several Carthaginians, esp., 1, son of Mago,
twelve times general, died 480 a.c. ; 2, son-in-law
of Hamilcar Barca; 3, son of Hamilcar Barca,
brother of Hannibal, killed at the battle of the
Metaurus; 4, Carthaginian general in the Third
Punic, War. ' '
hasta -ae, f. 1, a spear, a pike, javelin ;
amehtata, furnished with a thong to assist in
throwing it, Cic. ; eminus hastis aut conuninns
gladio uti, Cic; prow, hastas abjicere, to lose
has
248
Hei
Murage, Cic; 2, a, a spear stuck in the ground
was the token of a public auction ; hence, sub
hasta vendere, in sell by Miction, Liv.; etnptio
ab hasta, - Cic. ; hasto venditionis, cic; b,
a small spear, with which the bride's hair was
parted on the wedding-day, Ov.
hastatus -a -urn (hasta), 1, armed with a
spear, Tac. ; 2, subst., hastati -Orum, in. the
fir.", lii.e of the Roman army when drawn up in-
order of battle, the first tank, vanguard; hence,
primus, secundus, etc., hastatus (sc. ordo), the
jirst, second, etc., of tke companies into which the
hastati were divided, Liv.
hastile -is, n. (hasta), 1, the shaft of a spear,
Cic; 2, the spear itself, verg. ; 3, a piece of wood
in the form oj a shaft, a shoot, a prop for vines,
Verg.
hau, inter], oh! an exclamation of paiD,
Plant.
hand (haut), adv. (an emphatic negative),
not, not at (dl, by no means; 1, gen., a, with
verbs, hand dnbito, Cic. ; hand scio, Cic ; hand
RCto an, etc., Cic. ; b, with adjectives, hand
mediocris, Cic. ; c, with pronouns, hand alius,
Liv. ; d, with subst., with or without a prep.,
hand injuria, Liv.; e, with adverbs, hand dubie,
.Sail. ; hand secus, Liv. ; hand longe, Caes. ; 2,
in antitheses, hand . . . sed, Cic; Bed ut . . .
ir^ hand, Cic. ; 3, corresponding with other
{articles, hand . . . tain, Liv.
hauddum (hautdum), adv. not at all as
ytt, not yet, Liv.
haudquaquam (hautquaquam), adv.
hi/ no means, not at all, Cic.
haurio, hausi, haustuin (fut.partic.hansurns,
Vprg.), 4. (connected with opvto and inavplw), to
draw np, draw out. I. Oen., A. Of fluids, 1,
lit., In draw water; aquam do ;"iteo, Cic; 2,
transf., a, to draw or fetch u sigh; suspiratus,
< >v. ; b, ta tramp; terrain, Ov.; C, tasked blood;
sanguinein, Cic; d, to collect together; pnlvis
haustus, Ov. ; 3, 1ig., a, hauris de faece, yon
draw from the dregs, quote the worst orators, Cic;
b, to take away ; sumptum ex acrario, Cic B.
Meton., to drain dry, empty; 1, lit., pocula ore,
Ov. ; 2, transf., a, to pierce. ; latus gladio, Ov. ;
b, to squander; sua, Tac ; c, to accomplish;
caelo medium sol igueus orbem nanserat, Verg. ;
3, fig., a, to oppress ; exsultantia hanrit. corda
pavor pulsans, Verg. ; b, to exhaust, weaken ;
it.iliam et provincias immenso fenore, Tac. ; e,
to suffer; calamitates, Cic. II. Esp., to draw
into oneself; 1, lit., alveus haurit aquas, Ov. ;
2, transf., a, to devour, consume; inultos hausit
flamuia, Liv. ; b, to devour with the eyes or ears,
to drink in ; vocein his auribus hausi, Verg. ; 3,
tig., a, aliquid cogitation?, Cic. ; animo spem
inanem, drink in, Verg. ; animo hanrire, to in-
tend, Tac. ; b, to drink the cup of pleasure or
pain; voluptatcs, Cic; dolorern, Cic.
hanstrum -i, n. (haurio), a machine for
drawing water, Lncr.
haustus -us, in. (haurio), a drawing of water;
1, legal t.t., aquae, the right of drawing water
from a well, Cic,. ; 2, drawing in; a, of air, in-
haling; apibus esse haustus aetherios, Verg.; b,
drinking and concrete, a draught ; aquae, Liv. ;
fontis Pindarici, Hor. ; c, a handful; arenae, Ov.
haut = haud (q.v.).
haveo, v. aveo.
heau t on tim or umenos -i , 1 1 1 . (-avrbi/ Ti^xup-
ovuei/os), the self-tormentor, the title of one of
Terence's comedies.
hebdomas -Rdis, f. (<!0So/ids), the seventh
day of a disease (supposed to be a critical period),
Wc.
Hebe -6s, f. ClWv, youth), the daughter of
Jupiter, cupbearer of the gods, wife of Nereides.
hebenus, v. ebenus.
hebeo, l'. 1, to be. blunt, dull; ferrum, Liv.;
2, transf., to lie dull, heavy, inactive; sangui.i
hebet, Verg. ; .sic mihi sensus hebet, Ov.
hebes -Stis, blunt, dull, I. Lit., a, Cic. ;
gladius, Ov.; b, blunted, stumpy ; lunae cornua,
Cic; c, hebeti ictu, a blow that bruises and dors
not pierce, Ov. II. Transf., a, of the senses,
dull; auies, Cic; acies oculorum, Cic; b. ot
action, sluggish, weak; hebes ad sustinendiini
laborem miles, Sail.; c, of colour, dull; color
non hebes, Ov.; d, mentally dull, heavy, stupid ;
hebeti ingenio esse, Cic. ; homines hebetes, Cic.
hebesco, 3. (inch, from hebeo), to become
dull, blunt, dim; mentis acies, Cic. ; auctoritatis
acies, Cic.
hSbeto, 1. (hebes), to make dull, blunt. A.
Lit., hastas, Liv. B. Transf., to make dull, blunt,
to deaden, dim ; flammas, Ov.; alieui visus, Verg.
Hebraeus -a -am, Hebrew, Jewish, Tac.
Hebrus -i, in. fF-PpoO, the. chief river oj
Thrace, flowing into the Aegean Sea.
Hecabe, v. Hecuba.
Hecale -es, f. ('EicaArj), a poor old woman
who entertained Theseus.
Hecate -es, f. (Exirn) and Hecata -ae, f.
" she that works from afar," the goddess of magic
and enchantment, often identified with Diana and
/.win. Hence, adj., 1, Hecateius -a -urn,
and 2, Hecate'is -Idis, f. Hecateun; hence—
magical, Ov.
hecatombe -es, f. (<f/caTd/iP7j), a hecatomb,
sacrifice of a hundred oxen, Juv.
Hector -toris, in. (*Ektwp), son of Priam,
husband of Andromache, the bravest of the Trojans,
killed by Achilles. Adj., Hectoreus -a -um
(EKTopeos), belonging to Hector; poet.= Trojan,
Verg.
Hecuba -ae, f. and He-cube (Hecabe) -es,
f. (Eicafin), wife of Priam.
hedera -ae, f. ivy, a plant sacred to Bacchus,
Caes., Hor.
hederlger -gSra -gerum (hedera and gero),
ivy-bearing, ivy-crowned, Cat.
hederosua -a -um (hedera), ivied, full of ivy,
Prop.
Hedessa, v. Edessa.
hedychrum -i, n. (TjSvxpovr), a fragrant
salve, Cic.
hei, interj., alas! hei mihi, woe is me, Ov.
Helena -ae, f. and Helene -es, f. ('EAei^
daughter of I.eda and Jupiter, sister of Castor,
Pollux, and Clytemnestra, mother of Hermione,
wife of Menelaus, carried off by I'aris to Troy,
and thus the cause of the Trojan war.
HelenUS -i, m. ("EAeros), son of Priam, a
soothsayer.
Hell&dCS -um, f. ('HAidSet), the daughters oj
the Sun, who, at the death of their brother I'hae.
than, were changed into poplars, and their tears
into amber; hence, nenius Hclmduin, a poplar
grove, Ov. ; Heliadum laminae, amber, Ov. ;
gemmae, amber, Mart.
hclica -ae, f. (cAi'io;), winding, Cic.
Hclice -es, f. fEAioj), 1, a town in Aehaia,
destroyed by an earthquake, 372 A.G ; 2, ft con-
stellation, the Great Bear, Cic.
Helicon -finis, m. fEAucuf), a hill ofBoeotia,
nered to Apollo awl the Muses; Heliconis
aluuinae, the Muses, Ov. Hence, 1, adj., Heli-
conius -a -um, Heliconian; 2, Hell-
Hel
249
her
coniades -urn, f. and 3, Helicomdes -urn,
t the Mums.
HelldddrUS -i, ill. ('HAi6Su>po5), ft celebrated
rlidorician in the time of Horace.
HelidpdliS -Cos, f. ('HAidrroAts), 1 ? ft town
in- Coelesyria, now Baalbek ; 2, ft Iowa in Lower
Egypt.
Helle -es, f. ("EAAt;), daughter of Athamas
and Nephcle, who fled from her step-mother Inn
on a golden ram; and was drowned in the Helles-
pont, so named after her.
helix -icis, f. (e'Aif), a kind of ivy, Plin.
helleborus, v. elleborus.
Hellcspontus -i, m. ('EAAija-n-oiTos), 1, the
Hellespont, Dardanelles ; 2, transf., the coast on
bath sides of the Hellespont ; melon., the inhabi-
tant* of this wast, Nep. Hence, adj., a, Helles-
pontius -a -um, and b, Hellespcntiacus
-a -inn, of or belonging to the Hellespont.
helops (elops, ellops), -opis, m. (e'AAoi//), a
savoury fish, perhaps the sturgeon, Ov.
Helotes, v. Hilotae.
heliiatio (helluatio) -onis, f. (heluor), glut-
tony, Cic. '
heluo (helliio) -onis, in. a. glutton, gov-
■mandiser, Cic.
heluor (helliior), 1. dep. (heluo), to guzzle,
gormandise, Cic. ; transf., cum aliquo reipub-
licae sanguine, Cic.
helvella -ae, f. a small pot-herb, Cic.
Helvetli -orum, in. the Helvetii, the inhabit-
ants of the part of Gallia now called Switzerland.
Hence, adj., Helvetius and Helveticus
-a -uni, Helvetian.
Helvii (Helvi) -drum, m. « people in Gallia
Frovincia.
hem, interj. ah! oh! well! only see! just
look! hem causaui, Cic.
henicrodromus -i, m. (rj/xtpoSpd/uos), «
special courier, express, Li v.
hemicillus -i, m. (rjniicrvs and kiAAos), half
an ass, a term of reproach, Cic.
hemicyclium -ii, n, (rj/xiKv/cAiov), a semi-
circular settee for conversation, Cic.
hemina -ae, f. (i';/i.i.Va), a measure of capacity,
half a sextarius, nearly half a pint English,
Plant.
hendecasyllabi -orum, m. (iiSexatruA-
AajSoi), verses of eleven syllables, Cat.
Hcncti -orum, m., v. Veneti.
Henidchi -orum, m. ('Hw'oxot), ft people of
Asiatic Sarmatia. Hence adj., Heniochius
and Heniochus -a -urn, Heniochian.
Henna (Enna) -ae, f. ('Ewa), an ancient
city of Sicily, celebrated for a temple of Ceres.
Hence adj., Heimensis -e, and Hennaeus
-a -um, of or belonging to Henna.
Hephaestfo -onis, m. ('H<£ata-TUdi<), a general
and friend of Alexander the Great.
hepteris -is, f. (d7rT>jp7)s), a galley with seven
banks of oars, Liv.
1. hera (era) -ae, f. (herus), 1, the mistress of
ft house. Plant., Ter. ; 2, mistress, queen, female
ruler, Cat., Ov.
2. Hera -ae, f. (*Hpa), the Greek goddess
identified with the Roman Juno; hence, Heraea
-orum, n. ("Hpaia), the festival of Heru, Liv.
Heraclea (ia) -ae, f. ('HpaKAem), the city of
Heracles (Hercules), name of several Greek towns;
1, ft colony of the Tarentines in the south of Italy,
tn the rivir Siris; 2, a town in Phthictis, near
'['herniopytof '> 3, a town in Bithynia on the. Black
Sea, now llerakle ov Krekli; 4, ft town in Sicily
on the Hah/cos, also called Minoa; 5, Heraclea
Silltica, a town in Paeonia on the Strymon. Hence,
a, Heracleenses -luin, the inhabitants of
Heraclea ; b, Heracleotes ^ae, m. belonging
to Heraclea; plur., Heraclcotae -arum, m.
the inhabitants of Heraclea.
Heracleum -i, n. (llpdicteiov), a town in
Macedonia, on the borders of Tliessaly.
Horaclia, v. Heraclea.
Hcraclides -ae, m. ('HpaKAci'5>)5)> Pontieus,
ft Greek philosopher.
Heraclitus -i, m. ('HpaKAtcros), a Greek
philosopher of Ephesus.
1. Heraea -orum, v. Hera.
12. Heraea -ae, f. ('Hpot'a), town in Arcadia,
on the Alphcus.
herba -ac, f. ((pe'p/3-w, <f>op/3->j, orig. ferb-a,
whence also febra, libra), a plant with stalks,
grass, plant, herb (sing, often collective). I.
Gen., stupes et herbae, Cic; sing, collective, in
herba se abjicere, Cic. II. Esp., a, the stalk of
wheat, Cic. ; b, tares ; officiant laetis ue frugibus
herbae, Verg.
herbldus -a -uiu (herba), full of grass, grassy ;
campus, Liv.
herblfer -fera -ferum (herba and fero), full
of herbage, grassy; colles, Ov.
herbfgradus -a -um (herba and gradior),
going through tlie grass, epithet of a snake, ap.
Cic.
Herbita -ae, f. (*Ep/3iTa), town in the in-
terior of Sicily, now Nicosia. Hence, adj., Her-
bltensis -e, of or belonging to Herbita.
herbosus -a -uin (herba), full of herbage,
grassy ; campus, Hor.
herbula-ae, f. (dim. of herba), alittle herb,C\c.
Herceus -a -um ('EpKfio?), ft surname of
Jupiter as the protector of the house, courtyard,
etc.
hercisco (ercisco), 3. (herctum), to divide
an inheritance, Cic.
Hercle, v. Hercules.
herctum -i, n. (probably connected wiWi
heres), an inlieritance, found only in the phrase
herctum ciere, to divide an inheritance, Cic.
Herculaneum -i, n. I. town in Campania,
destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius, under the
emperor Titus. Hciuat, adj., 1, Herculanen-
sis -e, of Herculaneum. Subst., in Herculanensi,
in the district of Herculaneum ; 2, Hercula-
neusand Herculanus -a -nm, of Herculaneum.
II. townin Sainuiuni.
Hercules -is and -i, in. ('HpaicArjs)i the son of
Jupiter and Alcmena, husband of Veiunira and
(after his deification) of Hebe, the national hero of
the Boeotians ; the performer of twelve labours im-
posed upon him by Eurystheus ; regarded a3 the
giver of riches and the guide of the Muses. Vocat.
sing., Hercules or Hercule and Hercle (an oath
of the Romans), by Hercules, Cic. ; also meher-
cules or mehercule^ Cic. ; Hercle sane, Cic.
Hence adj., Herculeus -a -um, Herculean;
arbor, the poplar, Verg.
Hercynia silva -ae, f. the Hercyniaii forest,
in Central Germany ; also, Hercynia -ae, i.
the Hercyniaii forest, Tac.
Herdonifa -ae, f. town in Apulia, destroyed
by Hannibal.
here = heri (q.v,).
heredftarius-a-um(heres), 1, reletting loan
inheritance ; auctio, Cic. ; 2, inherited, hereditary;
Cogn o men, Cic. ; cojitroyersja, Cje,
ner
2aU
hie
hereditas -fitis, f. (heres), inheritance. A.
Lit., hereditate possidere, Cic ; hereditatein
adire or ceruere, Cic. B. Transf., hereditas
gloriae, Cic.
Hercnnius ^a -tun, name of a Roman gens.
Adj., Herennianus -a -tun, Hcrcnnion.
heredium -ii, n. (heres), a patrimony, Nep,
heres (haeres) -edis, c. (connected with hir,
Greek x«'p)> <* n heir. I. Lit., heres esse alicui
"i- alicQius, Cic. ; aliqnem hercdetn seribere,
facers, instituere, to make a person one's heir,
Cic.; secundus, a person named to receive the
inheritance if the original heir, cannot inlierit,
Cic. II. Transf., successor; vcteris Academiae,
Cic.
hen (h£re), adv. (x0«, Lat HKS, whence,
first hesi, then heri), 1, yesterday, Cic. ; 2, lately,
Cat.
herlfuga -ae, m. (herus and fugio), a fugi-
tilt, runaway, Cat.
he'rilis -e (herus), of or relating to the master
ormistressofthehov.se; mensa, Verg.
Hermaeum -i, n. ('Ep/uatov), lit., a temple
of Hermes; a coast-town of Boeotio.
Hermagoras -ae, m. ('Ep^ayopas), a Rhodia n
rhetorician of about the second half of the seco)id
century a. a
hermaphroditus -i, 111. (tptia<pp6$nos), an
hermaphrodite, Ov.
Hermathena -ae, f. ('Ep^a07;n)), a double
bust of Hermes and Athena, on the s">i>e pedestal,
Cic.
Hermeracles-is, m. ('Ep^paicAi)?), a double
bust of Hermes and Hercules, Cic.
Hermes -ae, m. CEpp-rj?, the god Hermes,
Mercury), a jwst, the top of which was carved into
a head, placed in the streets, esp. of Athena.
Hermionc -es, f. and Hermiona -ae, f.
('Ep/tion;), 1, daughter of Menelaus and Helena,
wife of Orestes; 2, town in Argolis, now Kastri.
Hence, adj., Hermldnlcus -a -uin, of or
belonging to Hermione. ,
Hermiones -uni, m. a people of Germany.
. Hcrmunduri -orum, in. a German tribe
near the source of the Elbe,
Hermus -i, m. ("Epp-oO, B river in Lydia. .
Hernlci -Orum, m. a people in Latium. Adj.,
Hernicus -a -uni, Hernioan.
Herd -us, f. ('Hpii), a priestess of Aphrodite at
Sesios, beloved by Leander.
Herodes -is, in. ('Hpwirjt), Herod the Great,
king of Judaea.
Herodotus -i, m. (/HpdSoTos), the first great
Greek historian, born 484 a.c.
heroicus -a -nin (^puiKo?), relating to the
heroes, heroic; tcinpora, Cic; personae, Cic.
heroine -es, f. (iipotivt)), a demigoddess,
heroine, Prop.
herois -Idis, f. (rjpuU), a demigoddeu, heroine,
Ov. (Gr. dat. plur., heroism, Ov.).
Horophlle -?s, f. CHpo^i'Aij), a priestess of
Apollo.
heros -ois, m. (ijpws), 1, a demigod, hero, Cic;
2, a distinguished man, hero; noster Cato, Cic.
herous -a -um (-qpwos), relating to a hero,
heroic ; pes, versus, epic verse (hexameter), Cic.
Hersilia -ae, f. wife of Romulus
herus (erus) -1, m. 1, the master or head of a
household, Cic; 2, master, owner, lord, Hor.
Hesiodus -i, m. ('II<ti'oSgs), the oldest Greek
j>orf after Homer. Adj., Hesiodeus -a -u|n,
attlwiean,
Hesiona -ae, f. and Hesione -es, f.
(Hcnomq), (laughter of Laomedon, king of Troy,
rescued by Hercules from a sea-monster.
Hesperis -idis, f. ('Eo-n-epiO, western ; aquae,
Italian, as Italy was to the west of Greece,
Verg. Subst., Hespcrides -um, r. (ai 'E<r-
TTfpiSes Ni'^i<J>ai), the Hesperides, daughters of the
Evening, living in an island in the extreme west,
in a garden with golden ajipbs, guarded by a.
dragon.
Hcsperius -a -uni (ionipws), western; terra,
Italy, Verg. Subst., Hesperia -ae, f. the
western land, Italy, Verg. ; Spain, Hor.
Hesperus or -OS -i, in. (*E<r7repo s ), (Ae Even-
ing Star, Cic
hesternus -a -um (from root HES, whence
heri), of or relating to yesterday; dies, Cic.
hesterno, adv. (hesternus), yesterday, Cic.
hetacrieds -e -on (<=TaipiK<k -ij -or), relating
to comradeship, Nep.
heu, interj. an exclamation of pain, oh! alas!
woe! lieu ! me miserum, Cic.
heus! interj. hallo! ho there! hark! heus tu
quid agis ! Cie.
hexameter -tra -trum (cfajuerpos), with six
feet (of metre) ; hexameter versus, or versus
hexameter, a hexameter, a verse of six feet, Cic.
hexeris -is, f. (e^pn?), a galley with six
banks of oars, Li v.
hiatus -us, in. (liio). A. « cleft, opening;
oris, Cic; tcrrac, Cic ; absol., the opening of
the mouth, the open jaws, Verg. ; quid dignuiu
tanto feret hie promissor hiatu, of such pompous
language, Hor. B. Transf., a, desire after;
pracmjoruin, Tac ; b, in grammar, a hiatus,
the meeting of two vowels, Cic
Hiberes-um ("I^ijpts), or generally HIberi
-orum, m. the. Hibcrians (Iberians), i, the in-
habitants of llib-ria in Spain; sing., HIber,
Hor. ; 2, the inhabitants of Hiberia, in Asia,
Hence, A. Hiberia -ae CipgpCa), 1, a part of
Spain; 2, a district in Asia, now Georgia, Hor.
B. Adj., 1, Hibericus -a -um, and 2, Hibe-
rus -a -um, Hiberian, poet. = Spanish; gurges
(of the Western Ocean), Verg. ; piscis, the scomber,
Hor.; pastor triplex, Geryon, Ov. ; vaccae or
boves, belonging to Geryon; Ov.
hiberna -Orum, u., v. hibernus.
hibernaculum -i, n. (hiberno), plur., hiber-
nacula, tents or huts for winter quarters, Liv.
Hibernia -ae, f. Ireland.
hiberno, 1. (hibernus), to winter, spend the
winter; 1, gen., in sicco (of ships), Liv. ; 2,
esp. as milit. t.t., to keep in winter quarters, Cic
hibernus -a-uin (liiems). I. Lit., wintry, win-
terly; tempus, mensis, Cic; annus, time of winter,
Hor. ; Alpes, cold, Hor. ; castra, winter quarters,
Liv. Subst., hiberna -orum, n. (sc. castra),
winter quarters; dies hibernorum, time for going
into winter quarters, Caes. ; biberna aedificare,
Liv.; cohortes in hiberna mittere, Cie.; ibi
hiberna babere, Liv. ; ex hibernis disceilere,
egredi, Cic. II. Transf., stormy; mare, Hor.;
ventus, Verg.
1. Hiberus -i, m. ("l^r/p), a river in Sjxtin,
now the Ebro.
'-'. Hiberus, v. Hiberes.
hibiscum -i, n. (i/3ij-»cos), the marsh-moU
Verg.
hibrida (hybrida) -ae, c, 1, of animals, a
hybrid, Plin. ; 2, of men, the offspring of a.
Roman I>ij a foreign woman, or of a freeman by a
s t, Hor.
1. lllO, hacc, hoc, prou. ikmuustr. (from prqi
hie
251
hip
nominal stem I, whence also is, with demon-
strative suffix ce), (his. A. Gen., hie avunculus,
Cic. ; hie ipse, hie ille, hie iste, hie talis, quidam
hie, Cic. ; hie . . . ille, hie . .-. iste; hie re-
ferring to the object which may be the remoter
one in the sentence, but is the nearer in the
speaker's thoughts ; hoc, subst. with genife, hoc
coinuiodi est, quod, etc., Cic.; absol. plur., haec,
a, this town, ?hiri state; haecdelere, haeevastare,
Cic; b, the whole visible world, Cic. B. Esp.,
a, hunc honiiiieiu = me, Hor. ; b, of time, this,
the present; his temporibus, Cic; absol. plur.,
haec, the present state of affairs, Cic.
•J. hie and heic, adv. here. I. Life, in this
pla.ee, in, this spot, Cic II. Transf., A. herein, in
this matter, on this occasion, Cic. B. Of time,
hereupon, here, Cic.
hlce, haeee, h5ce, proa, demonstr. (a more
emphatic form of hie, haec, hoc), this; a, Cic ;
in questions with -ne, hicine, haeclne, hoclne,
Cic; b, of time, the present; huncino solem
tain nigrum surrexe mini, Hor.
Hioetaon -dnis, m, (lKerduiv), son of Lao-
inedoii, king of Troy. Adj., Hicetaoniiis -a
•urn, Tliymoetes, son of Hicetaon, Yerg.
1 HIcetas -ae, m. ('Wtos), a Pythagorean of
Syracuse.
hicine, v. hice.
hiemalis -e (hiems), 1, wintry, winterly;
tempus, Cic. ; 2, stormy ; navigatio, Cic.
hiemo, 1. (hiems). A. to winter, spend the
winter; a, mediis in undis, Hor.; b, esp. of
soldiers, to keep in winter quarters; hiemare in
Gallia, Cacs. B. Transf., to be stormy; mare
luumat, Hor.
hiems (hiemps) -ends, f. (xe^uii-). I. rainy,
stormy weather, storm; hiemis magnitudo, Cic;
duin pelago desaevit hiems, Verg. II. A. the
rainy season, winter; Arabes campos hieme et
aestate peragrantes, Cic; personif., glacialis
Hiems, Ov. B. Meton., 1, cold; letalis hiems
in pectora venit, Ov. ; 2, year; post certas
lnemes, Hor.
Hiero, and Hieron -onis, in. (Upuv), 1
Hiero I., ruler of Syracuse (477—467 A.c.); 2
Hiero _II., ruler of Syracuse (269— 215 a.c). Adj.
Hieronlcus -a -um, of Hiero.
Hicrocles -is, in. (TepoKA^s), a Greek rhetor-
ician, contemporary of Cicero.
Hieronymus -i, m. ('lepii>/u^os), 1 a ruler
of Syracuse, successor of Hiero II.; 2, a Greek
peripatetic philosopher.
Hierosblyma -drum, n. ('lepoo-6\vp.a), the
capital of Judaea. Hence, Hierosolymarius.
nickname of Pompey, "the hero of Jerusalem"
(because of his priding himself on his oriental
victories).
hieto, 1. (iutens, of hio for hiato), to open
the mouth, gape, Plaut.
,, h ,*V ir ®» adv - ( hila "is), chcerfulUi, merrily,
blithely; vivere, Cic. ; hilarius loqui, Cic. &
hilaris -c, and hllarus -a -um (iAapo's),
cheerful, merry, blithe, gay, jocund, jovial ; anim-
us, vita, Cic ; esse vultu liilari atque laeto,
Cic. ; hilariores litterae, Cic.
hilaritas -atis, f. (hilaris), cheerfulness, mirth,
gaiety, hilarity, Cic.
hilaritudo -Inis, f. = hilaritas (q.v,).
hilaro, 1. (hilaris), to make joyful, cheerful,
to cheer up, exhilarate; huius suavitate max'ime
hilaratae Athenae sunt, Cic; multo convivia
Baccho, Verg.
f hilarulus -a -um (dim. of lijlarus), somewhat
tltesrfv.l, Cic,
hilla -ae, f. (dim. of hira), 1, generally in
plur., the smaller intestines of all animals; 2 a
kind of sausage, Hor.
Hilotae, and Ilotao -arum, m. (EiAiroi)
the Helots, slaves of the Spartans.
hilum -i, n. (another form of filum), a trifle ;
nequc (nee) hilum, not a whit, not in the least
Lucr.
Himella -ae, f. a stream in the Sabim
country.
. HImera -ae, f. ('Ip.e'pa), 1, numeoflum riven
m Sicily ; 2, town on one of these rivers.
hinc, adv. from here, hence. I. A. Lit., a nobis
hmc jirolecti, Cic. B. Transf., 1, from thit
cause, Cic ; hinc illae lacrimae, Tor. ; from thii
matter; hinc quantum cui videbitur decidere,
Cic ; 2, of time, a, henceforth ; quisquis cs,
ainissos hmc jam obliviscere Graios, Verg.'
b, thereupon; hinc to to prueceps se corpore ad
undas misit, Verg. II. on this side, in this
direction; hmc atque illinc, on this side and on
that, Cic.
hinnio, i. to neigh, whinny, Lucr.
hinnitus -us, m. (hinnio), a neighing, Cic.
hinnuleus (hinnulus), -i, m. (hinnus), c
young hind or fawn, Hor.
hinnus -i, m. (twos), a mule, the offspring oj'
a stallion and a she-ass (inulus = the offsi>ring o>
a he-ass and a mare), Varr.
hio, 1. (connected with x«'V<o, xoo-ku). I
Intransit., to open, standopen, gape. A. Gen., 1,
lit., concha hians, Cic; 2, transf., ofdiscour.se'
to be badly put together, hang together badly ; hi.
antia loqui, Cic. B. Esp., to open wide the
mouth ovjam; 1, lit, Verg. ; 2, transf., a,
to desire with open, mouth,, long for; Verrenv
avaritia hianto atquo imminente fuisse, Cic. ; b
to open the mouth in astonishment, Verg. If
Transit., to pour forth; carmen lyrii, Prop.
hipp&gogoe -5n, ace. -US, f. (ox imraywyoi),
transports for cavalry, Liv.
Hippias -ae, m. ('In-jnas), 1, son of Pisis
tratus, tyrant of Athens; ?, a sophist of Elis
contemporary with Socrates.
Hippo -onis, m. (Imniv), "1, Hippo regius
town in Numidia, now Bona; 2, town in His
pania Tarraconensis.
hippdcentaurUS -i, m. (imroKivTavpos), c
centaur,- Cic, >■'-.-.'
Hippocrates -is, m. (liriroKpaTrn), aphysi,
aan of Cos (flourishing about 436 A.c).
Hippocrene -es, f. (iV7rov Kprivri), afountain
on Mount Helicon, produced by a blow from tli6
hoof of Pegasus.
Hippodame -es, f., and Hippodamea
or -la -ae, f. flmrofia/u), -Sd/ieta), 1, daughter of
Oenomaus, king of Pisa in Elis; 2, wife of
Pirithous.
Hippodamus -i, m. ClinroSanos), the horse-
tamer— i.e., Castor; poet. = rider, Mart.
hippodromos -i, m. (inn-dSpo/iot), a hippo-
drome, or racecourse for horses and chariots,
Plaut.
Hippol$rte -Ss, f., and Hlppoltfta -ae, f.
( InnokvTrj), 1, Queen of the Ama:ons, taken pri-
soner by Theseus; 2, wife of Acastus, King of
Magnesia.
Hippolytus -i, in. ('Itdtoautos), son of The,
sens aiul Hippolyte, or Anliope.
hippomanes, n. (lmrop.ai>e's), 1, a slimy
humour which flows from a marc when in heat,
Verg. ; 2, a membrane on the head of a new-born
foal, l'lin. ; both 1 ami 2 Were used for lovc-
polions, Juy,
Hip 2
Hippomenes -ae, m. ('in-^o/ieVij;), 1, the
husband ofAtalauta ; 2, father ofLimoue ; whence
Hippomeneis -uSldis, f. = Limonc.
Hipponax -iiactis, m. {'lnnwva£), a Greek
satirical poet of the sixth century b.c. Hence
adj., HipponactOUS -a -urn, biting, satirical;
praecooiuni, Cic. ; Hipponacteos cflugere vix
posse, Cic.
hippopotamus -i, m. (in-7T07rdrap.os), a
river-hone, hippopotamus, Plin.
Hippdtades -ae, in.('l7rn-0TaX>js), descendant
of llippotes, Acolvs (grandson nj llippotes),
hippStOXOtA -ac, in. (in-rrorofoTi);), a
mounted archer, Caes.
hippurus, or -6s, -i, m. (in-Troi'pos), a fish,
perhaps the goldfish, Ov.
hir and ir, indccl. (cunnccted with x<n'p)> tlte
hand, ap. Cic.
hira -ae, f. d gut, intestine, Plaut.
hircinus -a -uin (hircus), of or relating to
he-goat ; folles, made of goat skins, Hor.
hiredsus -a -uni (hircus), smelling likea goat,
goatish, Plaut.
hir cuius -i, in. (dim. of hircus), a little goat,
Cat.
hircus -i, m. ahc-goat, Verg. ; olere hircuin, to
smell like a goat, Hor. ; used as a term of re-
proach, un old- goat, Cat.
hirnea -ae, f. a can or jug, Plant.
hirnula -ae, f. (dim. of hirnea), a little can
or jug, Cic.
Hirpini -orum, m. a Samnite people of Lower
Italy; adj., Hirpinus -a -uin, Hirpine.
hirquus, hirquliius = hircus, hircinus (q. v.).
hirsutus -a -um (conn. With hirtus), 1,
covered with hair, hairy, hirsute, rough, shaggy,
prickly; supercilium, Verg.; crines, Ov. ; aliae
(aiiimantium) spinis hirsutae, Cic; 2, rough, un-
adorned ; nihil est hirsutius illis (annalibus), Ov.
Hirtius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
»iosl celebrated member of which irasA, Hirtius, the
friend and follower of C. Julius Caesar, slain at
the battle of it odena, the author of the Eighth book of
Caesar's Bell. Gall. Hence, adj., Hirtuius
-a -mil, of OT belonging to Hirtius.
hirtus -a -um (root HIR), 1, shaggy, rough,
hairy, prickly; setae, Ov. ; capellae, Ov.; 2,
Iransf., rough, uncultivated; ingenium, Hor.
hirudo inis, f, a leech, Plin. ; transf.,
aerarii, Cic.
hirundimnus -a -um (hirundo), of or re-
lating to swallows, Plaut.
hlrundo -dlnis, f. (\<kd)u>v), a swallow, Verg.
hiSCO, 3. (eontr. for hiasco), 1, to open, split
open, gape, Ov. ; 2. especially, to open- the mouth,
to mutter; responuebisne ad haec aut omnino
liiscere andebis? Cic.
Hispal -pSlis, n. and (more commonly)
Hispalis -is, f. toxnn in Spain, now Seville.
Hence, Hispalienses -Imn, the inhabitants of
Hispalis.
Hispani -orum, m. the Spaniards ; hence, A.
Jll8pa.ixia-&e,{. the v;holeoftheSpianish pen insula.
(including Portugal) divided into citerior, the
eastern part (later Hisp. Tarraconensis), and
Ulterior, the southern and western part (later
Lusitanla and Raetica); hence plur. Tlispaniac.
B, Hispanicnsis -e, and C. Hispanus
-o -uin, Spanish.
hispidus -a -um, rough, shaggy, hairy,
bristly ; facies, Hor. ; agcr, wild, Hor.
1 fii«ter = histrio (q.c).
* horn
2. Hister -tri, m. ("Io-Tpos) iwmr of the lower
part of the Danube, binomiuis (as the Upper part
was called Danuvius), Ov.
historia -ae, f. (io-ropia), 1, historical narra-
tive, history; historia Graeca, Roman history
written in Greek, Cic. ; historia Italici belli et
civilis, Cic. ; historian] scribere, Cic. ; 2, narra-
tive, narration; historia dignum, worthy of nar-
ration, Cic
historlcus -a -um (iaropiK<k), relating nr
belonging to history, historical; genus, Cic;
subst., historlcus -i, m. an historian, Cic
Histri -Drum ("Iarpoi), Istrians, inhabitant*
of Istrin; hence, A. Histria -ac, f. ('Iarpia),
Histria, a country near Illyria. B. Histricus
-a -um, Histrian
histricus -a -um (hister), of or relating t<>
actors, Plaut.
histrio -onis, m. an actor, Cic.
histrionalis -e (histrio), of or relating t'>
actors, Tac.
hiulce, adv. (hiulcus), in a disconnected man-
ner ; loqui, Cic
hiulco, 1. (hbilcus), to cause to gape, to split,
Cat.
bullous -a -mn (for hiulicus, from bio),
gaping, cleft, open. I. Lit., hiulca siti arva,
Verg. II. Transf., a, ofdiscoursc, illput together,
disconnected; concursus verborum, Cic; b,
eager, longing, Plaut.
hodie, aclv. (liodie = hoc die), to-day (opp.
eras, heri). I. Lit., liodie sunt nonae textiles,
Cic. II. Transf., a, at the present time, Cic. ; b,
now, at present ; si hodie banc gloriani atque hoc
orbis terra o imperium teneremus, Cic. ; vp to
to-day, up to the present time ; qneni vivere liodie
aillllt, Cic. ; c,= at once, directly, Cic,
hSdiernus -n -um (hodie), of or relating to
to-day; dies, Cic. ; edictum, Cic ; ad hodicrnum
diem, up to to-day, Cic.
hoedus, hoedinus, etc. = haedus, hacdi-
nus, etc (q.v.).
Homerus -i, m. ("tb")pos), the celebrated
Greek epic poet; hence, adj., Homericus -a -um,
Homeric.
homicida -ae, c. (homo ami caedo). I. Life,
(• murderer, murderess, homicide, Cic. II. In a
; .;ood sense (Gk. av&potpovoi), of Hector, slayer of
men, Hor.
homicidium-ii, n. (homicida) murder, man-
slaughter, homicide, Tac.
homo -inis, in. (old Latin bemo), a human
being, man. I. Gen., man, as opp. to the beasts
(vir, man as opp. to woman); in plur., homines,
men in general, people, Cic ; homo nemo, or
nemo homo, not a soul, no one, Cic. ; odium
hominis, re hateful man, Cic. ; inter homines
esse, a, to live, Cic ; b, to mix in soviet*; be
in the world, Cic. II. Esp., A. a, « man, in
the better sense of the word ; nihil hominis
esse, to be without the better qualities of a man ;
hominem ex homine tollere or exuere, to take
from a man, that which constitutes a man, Cic ;
si quidem homo esset, if he had the feelings of a
man, Cic ; homines visi sumus, Cic. ; viriini 1e
putabo . . . hominem non putabo, I must praise
your patience and not your taste, Cic ; b, a Manas
liable to error, a mortal; quia homo est, Cic B,
Used in place of pronouns, valde hominem diligo,
(where it stands for hunc, enm, or ilium), Cic ;
hie homo = ego, Hor. C. a stove, servant;
Quintii, Quintius's man, Cic. D. Plur., homines
infantry (opp. cqnitcs), Cacs.
hompeomeria -ac, f. (opoioptptia), sh>i\-
lurity af purls, Lucr
Horn
253
Homole -e^s, f. ('Op.dA.T)), a mountain in Thes-
suly, where Pan was worshipped.
homullus -i, ni. (dim. of homo), a little man,
manikin, Cic
homuncio -onls, di. (dim. of homo), a little
man, manikin, Cic.
homunculus -i, m. (dim. of homo), a little
man, manikin, Cic.
honestas -atis, f. (honestus). I. honour-
ahlercjwtation, honour, respectability ; honestatem
amittere, Cic; appetens honestatis, Cic. ; hones-
tates eivitatis, notabilities, Cic. II. worth,
virtue, honourable character, probity; 1, vitae,
Cic. ; hinc (pugnat) honestas, illinc turpitudo,'
Cic; transf., of things, beauty; testudinis, Cic. ;
2, philosoph. 1. 1, virtue, Cic.
hdneste, adv. (honestus), 1, lumourably,
creditably, respectably; cenare, Cic; se gerere
Cic ; in pugna honeste cadere, Cic. ; 2, hon-
ourably, nobly ; honeste geniti, of noble birth,
honesto (honestus), to honour, distinguish,
adorn, dignify; aliquem laude, honore, Cic. ;
aomuin, curiam, Cic.
honestus -a -urn (honor). I. honourable; reput-
able, glorious; 1, gen., victoria, Liv.; dies honest-
lssimus, Cic; with sup., honestumne factu sit
an turpe, Cic ; honestum est with ace and
infin., Cic; snbst, honestum -i, n. ■morality,
virtue, Cic ; 2, esp., a, fine, beautiful, Ter. ;
subst., honestum -i, n. beauty, Hor. ; b, spe-
cious, fine-sounding; honestum et probabile
nomen, Cic Il.ivorthy of honour, distinguished;
tainilia, Cic. ; honesto loco natus, Cic. ; vir
honestus or lioiiestissimus (title of the knights),
Cic ; subst., honesti -orum, m. people of dis-
tinction, Hor.
honor = honos (q.v.).
honorabllis -e (honor), honourable; haec
ipsa sunt honorabilia, salutari, appeti, decedi
assurgi, etc., Cic. '
honorarius -a -um (honor), done or given in
honour of, honorary; vinum, fnimentum, Cic :
opera, Cic ; delecfeare honorarium (est), done out
of respect for Hie audience, Cic
honorate, adv. (lionoratus), with honour,
honourably, Tac. '
honoratus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. and
super . (honoro), 1, honoured, distinguislied,
respected; vin, Cic; nusquam est senectus
honoratior, Cic ; 2, honoured by a public office
placed in a high position, in office; honorati
quatuor din, Cic.
honorlfice, adv., comp. honorificentius,
superl. hononficentissime (honorificus), with
honour, in an honourable or respectful manner ■
linnonlicentissime aliquem appellare, Caes •
aliquem honoriticentissime tractare, Cic.
honorificus -a -um, compar. honorificen-
tior, superl. honorificentissimus (honor and
lacio), causing honour, honourable, honourina ■
senatus consultuin, Cic; senectus, Cic
honoro. 1. (honor), 1, to honour, show honour
to; aliquem, C.c ; 2, to adorn, dignify, honour
with ; aliquem sella curuli, Liv.
hbnorus -a -um (honor), honourable, Tac.
honos and honor -Oris, m. I. honour, hon-
ourable distinction. A. Gen., honorem alicui
habere, tribuere, Cic, praestare, Ov., honore
aliquem afflcere, to show honour to, Cic ■
honore aliquem angere, Caes. ; in honore habere'
tic. ; esse, Cic ; esse alicui summo honori, to
prove honourable to, Cic ; aliqnid in honorem
auuucere, to bring to honour, Cic. ; honori duci-
tur, it is considertd an honour, SalL ■ honorem
hoi*
praefail or dicere, to say "by yoiir leave," Cic.i
honoris causa or gratia, out of resect ; quern
honoris causa or gratia nomiuo, Cic. ; honoris
Divitiaci et Aeduorum causa, Cic. ; so, ad hon-
orem alicuius, Cic. ; ad honorem atque ampli-
tudinem tuam, Cic. ; supremus honos (the la«t .
honour = burial), Verg. ; communi in inorte
honore carere, Cic. ; mortis honore carere.Verg.;
B. Esp., a, an office of dignity, a public office;
ad Jionores ascendere, Cic. ; houoribns amp'lissi-
mis perfunctus, Cic. ; b,a title of lionour ; hono*
militans, Liv. ; c, a reward, fee; honos medici,
tic ; d, honour reiulered to the gods, sacrifice,
Verg C. Personif., Honor, the god of honour.
II. Poet, transf., beauty, grace, ornament ;
honorum runs, crops, Hor. ; sil varum, foliage,
Verg. ^ '
1- hora-ae, f. (ipo). L/imeingen.;numquam
te crastina fallet hora, Verg. II. a definite space
of time. A. a time of the year, season ; verni tem-
ponshora, Hor. B.a timeoftheday, hour; 1, lit
in horam vivere, to live for the moment, Cic. ;
hora amphus, more than an hour, Cic ; in hora
m an hour, Cic. ; in horas, hourly, Cic ; hora
quota est ? what's o'clock ? Hor. ; horae legitimae,
hours fixed as limits to a speech, Cic. ; 2, meton.,
horae -arum, f. a clock, dial, mittere ad horas,
Cic . '
t h ?^ ra " ae > f> the 1mme °f Hersilia when
deified, the celestial wife of Quirinus.
Horae -arum, f. ffipai), tlie Hours, goddesses
who presided over the clianges of the seasons, at-
ten/lants on the sun-god.
Horatius -a -um, name of a Roman gens to
which belonged, 1, the three Horatii, who fought
against the three Alban Cnriutii; 2, Horatius
Codes, who defended the bridge over the Tiber
against the army oj Porsena; 3, Qu. Horatius
Haccus, son of a freedman of the lioratian gens
(0o-8 a. a), the celebrated Roman lyric poet.
hordeaceus and -clus -a -um (hordeurn),
of or relating to barley, Plin.
hordearfus -a -um (hordeurn), of or w-
lating to barley, Plin.
hordeius -a -um = hordeaceus (q.v.).
hordeurn (ordeum) -i, n. barley,- Liv.,
horia (oria) -ae, f. a small fishing-boat, Plaut
horiola (oriola) -ae, f. (dim. of oria), a
small fishing-boat, Plaut.
horior, 4. (connected with Sawut), to urge,
incite, encourage, Enn.
horizon -ontis, m. (6pi'£o>-), the horizon, Sen.
homo, adv. (hornus), this year, Plaut.
hornotinus -a -um (hornus), of or relating
to the present year ; frumentum, Cic.
hornus -a -um' (for horinus. from hora), a*
this year, this year's; vina, Hor.
horologium -li, n. (tipoAo'yiov), a clock, sun
dial, or water-clock, Cic.
horosedpos -Sn, m. (<ipo<rxorros), a hora.
scope, Pers.
horrendus -a -um (paitic. of liorreo), 1
horrible horrid, frightful, dreadful; monstrum
Verg; Sibylla, Verg. ; neut. as adv., horrendur*
stndens belua, Verg. ; 2, worthy of reverenco.
venerable ; Virgo, Verg.
horreo, 2. I. to bristle. A. Lit., a, horret
seges aristis, Verg. ; b, to be hard and ronqA
with frost ; terrain uno tempore florere deinde
vicissim horrere, Cic. B. Of hair, to stand on
end.; comae horrent, Ov. ; partic, homms.
prickly, rough ; rubi, Verg. II. Of persons, to
shiver or shudder with cold or fright A.
Intransit., horreo animo, Cic. B. Transit to
hoi»
254
Hos
thiiddef a'. ; eriinen, Cic; with infiu., nonhorreo
in hunc locum progredi, Cic.
horresco, horrfii, 3. (horreo), 1. to stand on
end, bristle, be rough; horrueruntque comae,
Ov. ; mftre coepit horrescerc, to be stormy, Cic. ;
2, to tremble, begin to shudder, begin to dread,
Cic; horresdo referens, Verg. ; with ace, morsus
futuros, Verg.
horreum -i, n. a barn, storehouse, magazine,
granary ; Capua horreum Campani agri, Cic. ;
poet., a bee-hive-, Verg. ; an ant-hill, Ov.
horrfbllis -e (horreo), 1, horrible, frightful,
dreadful, fearful ; pestis reipnblicae, Cic. ; hor-
ribile est, with infln., Cic; 2, astonishing, won-
drrful ; horribili vigilantiS, Cic.
horride, adv. (horridus), 1, roughly, with-
out embellishment; dicere, Cic. ; norridius utetur
on.amcntis, Cic; 2, roughly, harshly; alloqui,
Tac.
horridulus -a'-um (dim. of horridus), 1,
somewhat rough, projecting, Plaut ; 2, transf.,
somewhat rough, unadorned ; orationes, Cic.
horridus -a -um (horreo). I. rough, shaggy,
bristly. A. Lit., barba, Cic ; sus, Verg. B.
Transf., a, rough, wild, savage; campus, Cic;
b, rough, without refinement, unpolished, un-
couth ; Tubero vita et oratione horridus, Cic.
II. 1, shuddering, trembling with cold; si pre-
merem ventosas horridus Alpes, Ov. ; 2, dread-
ful, horrible ; procella, Verg.
horrifer -fera -feruin (hoiTor and fero),
causing dread, bringing fear, terrible; boreas,
Ov. ; Erinys, Ov.
horriflce, adv. (horriflcus), with dread,
Lucr.
horvlf Ico, 1. (horriflcus), 1, to male rough,
Cat. ; 2, to terrify, Verg.
horriflcus -a -um (horror and facio), caus-
ing tenor, horrible ; letum, Verg.
horrisouus -a -um (horreo and sono), sound-
ing horribly; fremitus, Verg. .
horror -oris, m. (horreo), l t a shaking,
shivering with cold, ague-fit; quoniam jam sine
horrore est, spero esse, ut volumus, Cic. ; 2,
trembling; a, from dread, terror, horror; qui
me horror perfudit, Cic; b. religious dread,
au-e; perfusus horrore venerabund usque, Liv.
horsum, adv. (contr. for hucvorsum), in
tliis direction, hitherward, Plaut.
Horta -ae, f. town in Etruria, now Orte.
Adj., Hortinus -a -um, of Hurta.
hortamen -Inis, n. (hortor), an encourage-
ment, incitement, exhortation, Liv.
hortamentum -i, n. (hortor), encourage-
ment, incitement. Sail.
hortatio -On is, f. (hortor), exhortation, en-
couragement ; hortatione agere cum aliquo, Cic ;
plur., contioncs hortatiouesque, Cic.
hortator -oris, m. (hortor), an exhorler, en-
courager ; absol., isto hortatore, Cic. ; with
genit., studii, to study, Cic; with ad and the ace.
gerund, auctores hortatoresque ad me rcstitu-
enduni, Cic; with ut and the snbj., Cic; esp.,
as milit. 1. 1., one who exhorts the soldiers, Liv.
hortatus -us, m. (hortor), incitement, exliort-
ation ; id fecisse aliorum consilio, hortatu, Cic.
Hortenslus -a -um, name of a Roman gens,
the most famous member of which was Qu. Ilor-
tensius Hortaluo, an orator of the time of Cicero.
Adj., HortensianuB -a -urn, Ilortensian.
hortor, 1. dep. (contr. from horitor, intens.
of horior, to encourage, from the same root
as opwijn), to exhort, incite, encourage. I. Gen.,
a, of persons, aliquem, Cic. ; with ut and the
subj., inagno opere te hortor ut, etc. Cic. ; with
ne and the subj., hortatur eos ne ahimo defid-
"ant, Caes. ; with subj. .alone, hortatur non
solum ab eruptionibus c.iveant, etc, Caes. ; with
infin., hortamur farl, Verg. ; with ad, populnm
ad vindieandum, Sail. ; with in and the ace,
Gentium in amicitiam secum et cum Macedon-
ibus jungendam, Liv. ; with de, do Aufidiano
nomine ndiilte hortor, Cic; with ace. of thing,
paceni, Cic; prov., hortari cuiTentem, to spur
Vie willing horse, Cic; b, of inanimate subjects,
multae res ad hoc consilium Gallos hortabantur,
Caes. ; with infin., reipnblicae dignitas minora
haec relinquere hortatur, Cic. II. Esp., to
harangue soldiers before a battle ; suos, Caes.
hortiilus -i, m. (dim. of hortus), a little
garden, Cat.; gen. plur., hortuli, grounds, a small
park, Cic , „.
hortus -i, m. (xdpTo;), garden ; Epicuri,
(where Epicurus taught), Cic ; nieton., garden
produce, Hor.
hospes -pitis, c. (akin to host is), a stranger,
foreigner; hence, a guest, guest friend, Cic. ;
transf.= unknown, inexperienced in; nee peie-
grinum atque hospitem in agendo esse debere,
Cic
hospitalis -e (hospes), 1, relating to a guest
or host ; cubiculum, guest-chamber, Liv. ; sedes,
Cic. ; caedes, murder of a guest, Liv. ; Juppiter,
protector of guests, Cic; 2, friendly, hospitable;
domohospitalissimus, Cic; with in and the ace,
Cimonem in suos curiales Laciadas hospitalem
Cic.
hospitalltas -atis, f. (hospitalis), hos-
pitality, Cic.
hospitalitcr, adv. (hospitalis), hospitably,
Liv.
hospitium -li, n. (hospes). I. hospitality,
the relation betxeeen host and guest; mihi cum
aliquo hospitium est, Cic, or intercedit, Caes. ;
alicuius hospitio usus sum, Caes. ; hospitium
cum aliquo facere, Cic. ; jungere, Liv. II. hos-
pitality, friendliness, hospitable reception. A.
aliquem hospitio magnifieentissimo accipere,
Cic. ; aliquem hospitio invitare, Cic. B.
Meton., a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, inn;
hospitium parare, Cic; cohortes per hospitia
dispersae, billeted, Tac. • transf., the resting-
place of animals, Verg.
hospltus -a -um (hospes). I. strange, foreign;
navis, Ov. ; aequora, Verg. ; eonjunx hospita
Teucris, Verg. Subst., hospita -ae, f. a
foreigner, Cic. II. hospitable; terra, Verg.
Subst., hospita -ae, f. the hostess, Cic.
hostia -ae, f. (from 2. hostio, lit, the thing
struck), an animal slain in sacrifice, a sin-offer-
ing ; humana, Cic. ; hostias immolare, Cic, or
mactare, Verg.
hostiatus -a -um (hostia), provided with
animals for sacrifice, Plaut.
hostlcus -a -um (hostis), relating or be-
longing to the enemy, hostile ; ager, Liv. Subst.,
hostlcum -i, n. the enemy's territory ; in hos-
tico, Liv.
hostlf Icus -a -um (hostis and facio), hostile,
Cic.
hostilis -e (hostis), 1, of or relating to the
enemy, hostile; expugnatio, Cic; in augury,
pars (opp. familiaris), the part of the entrails said
to refer to the enemy, Lucau.; 2, like an enemy,.
unfriendly, hostile; hostili odio et crudelitate,
Cic. ; muita hostilia audere, Tac.
hostllltcr, adv. (hostilis), hostilely, like an
enemy; quid ille fecit hostiliter, Cic.
HostlllUS -ii, m. Tullus, third ling of Rome.
Adj., Hostilius -a -um, Hostxlian ; curia, built
by Tullus Hostilius, Liv.
hds
r*
00
Hya
hostimentum -i, n.(i.hostio), cowjxmsafioH,
requital, Plant.
1. hostlo, 4. to requite, recompense, Plaut.
2. hostio, 4. to strike, Plaut.
hostis -is, c. originally a stranger, but after-
wards an enemy, a public foe (nop. inimicus, a
private enemy). A. Lit., cives hostesquc, Liv. j
unities nos statuit ille non inimicos sed hostes)
Cic. ; populo Romano, adversus Ttomanos, LiV. j
hostom ;diquem judicare, to denounce t*s rtfi
enemy to his country, Cic. ; sing, collect.) cttpta
hostis, the female captives, Liv. B. Transf., 1,
ii bitter foein private life; hostis omnium liomin-
uni, Cic. ; 2, a rival in love, Ov.
hue, adv. (hie), hither, to this place, 1, of
space, lmc ades, come hither, Verg.; turn hue turn
illuc, Cic. ; nunc hue nunc illuc, Verg. ; hue et
iliac, hue, illuc, Cic. ; hue atque illuc, hither
and thither, Cic. ; 2, not referring to place,
hither, thus far, to this point; rem hue deduxi,
Cic. ; hue te pares, for this object, Cic. ; aceedat
hue, Cic.
hucine, adv. so far ? as far as this ? hucine
tandem omnia reciderunt ? Cic.
hui, interj., exclamation of astonishment,
ridicule, etc., eh! li.allo ! hui, quam timeo quid
existimes, Cic.
liujusmodi or hujuscemodi, of this
hind, of such a kind, such; ex liujusmodi prin-
cipio, Cic."
humane, adv. (humanus), 1, humanly, like
a human being; morbos toleranter et humane
ferre, Cic. ; 2, humanely, kindly, courteously;
fecit humane, Cic.
humanitas -atis, f. (humanus). l.humanity,
human nature, human feeling; omnem humaui-
tatem exuere, Cic. ; fac, id quod est humanitatis
tuae (what you owe to yourself as a man), ne quid
aliurt cures hoc tempore nisi ut quam commod-
issime convalescas, Cic. II. Esp., A. humanity,
human kindness, kindness, philanthropy, mild-
ness; edictorum, Cic. B. refinement of education
and taste, good breeding, mental cultivation, cul-
ture; communium litterarum ac politioris hu-
manitatis expers, Cic.
liurnanitcr, adv. (humanus), 1, humanly,
in a way becoming human nature; vivere, Cic;
2, politely, courteously, kindly; litterae humaniter
scriptae, Cic.
humanitUS, adv. (humanus), after the man-
ner of men ; si quid niihi humanitus accidisset,
i.e. if I should die, Cic.
humanus -a -tnn(homo),/Mtma«, oforrelating
to human beings. I. Gen., genus, the human race,
Cic. ; facies, Cic. ; res humanae, human affairs,
Cic., or things happening to man, Cic. ; hostia,
human sacrifice, Cic. ; scelus, against men, Liv. ;
humanum est, it is human, Cic. ; subst., a,
humanus -i, m. one of the human race, Ov. ;
b, humana -drum, n, human affairs; humana
miscere divinis, Liv., or things happening to
man, the fate of man; omnia humana tolerabilia
ferre, Cic. II. Esp., A. humane, kind, philan-
thropic ; erga aliquem, Cic. B. civilised, refined;
gens humana atque docta, Cic.
humatio -onis, f. (humo), a burying, inter-
ment, Cic.
humecto, 1. to wet, moisten, wafer; qua niger
hunieetat fiaventia culla Galesus, Verg. ; vultum
largo Humine, Verg.
humeo, 2. to be moist, wet, Ov.; partic. pres.,
humens -entis, moist, wet, dewy ; umbra, Verg.;
oculi, Ov.
humerus -i, m. the shoulder, a, of men,
sagittae pendebant ab humero, Ov. ; puerum in
humeros suos effcrfe, Cic. ; fig., comitia immei'U
suis sustinero, Cic. ; b, of animals, the shoulder,
fore-quarter, Cic.
humesco, 3. (humeo), to become wet, groxu
moist, Verg.
humldulus -a -urn (dim. of humidns), sortie*
what wet, moist, Ov.
humidus -a -urn (humeo), wet, moist, humid;
ligna, Cic. ; mella, liquidj Verg. ; Ide, rich in
streams, Ov. Subst., humidum -i, n. a wet
place, Tac. ; humida -drum, n. wet parts, Cic.
humifer -fera -ferum (humor and fero), con-
taining moisture, moist, Cic. poet.
humilis -e (humus), low. I. Lit., a, low
(ns opposed to high), arbores et vitcs et quae
sunt huiniliora, Cic. ; statura humili, Nep. ; b,
(as opposed to deep), shallow ; fossa, Verg. II.
Transf., A. Of position, rank, etc., low, mean,
humble, poor, insignificant; humilibus parent i-
bus natus, Cic. ; humillimus de plebe, Liv. ;
subst., humilis -is, in. a person of low rank,
Hor. B. Of character, a, abject, base; humili
animo ferre, Cic; b, submissive, humble; ob-
secratio humilis, Cic. C. Of expression, mean,
without elevation; oratio humilis etabjecta, Cic.
hiimilitas -atis, f. (humilis). I. smallness,
lowness, nearness to the ground ; animalium, Cic.
II. Transf., A. lowness of birth or station, in-
significance, obscurity; alicuius humilitateni
despicere, Cic B. humility of disposition, sitb-
missiveness, abjectuess ; humilitas et obsecratio,
Cic.
humili ter, adv. with com par. and superl.
(humilis), humbly, meanly, abjectly ; sentire, Cic;
servire, Liv.
humo, 1. (humus), 1, to cover with earth,
bury; aliquem, Cic; 2, transf., to perform the
funeral rites over a corpse (burn, etc.), Nep.
humor -oris, in. (akin to x v Mos, a liquid),
moisture, liquid, fluid. L Gen. Bacchi, wine,
Verg. ; lacteus, milk, Ov. ; circumfluus, the sea,
Ov.; humor in genas labitur, tears, Hor.; plur.,
humores marini, Cic. II. Esp., the sap of plants,
Verg.
humus -i, f. {akin to ^a/u-at); tlie ground,
earth, soil. I. Lit., humus injecta, Cic. ; humi,
on the ground, on the floor ; jaeere, Cic. ; stratus
humi, Cic ; humo, a,, from the ground ; sni'gere,
Ov. ; b, on the ground ; sedere, Ov. ; c, out of the
ground ; fundit humo facjlein victum justissima
tellus, Verg. ; d, in the ground ; figere plantas,
Verg. II. Meton., land, country; Punica, Pon-
tica, Ov.
hyacinthinus -a -urn (uaxiVfln'o?), hyacin-
ihine, belonging to the hyacinth ; fios, Cat.
1. Hyacinthus (-os) -i, in. (YiKivSot), a
beautiful Spartan youth, beloved of and accident-
ally killed by Apollo; from his blood sprang the
flower ctdled by his name; hence, Hyacinth in
-Grain, n. a festival celebrated atS}Xtrta.
2. hyacinthus -i, m. (idKivdo^), a flower, the
hyacinth (not the flower so called by us), Verg.
Hyades -urn, f. 0Yd£«). the Hyades, a group
of seven stars in the constellation Taurus, Verg.
hyaena -ae, f. (vaiva), the hyena, Ov.
hyalus -i, m. (vaAos), glass; color hyali, glass-
green, Verg.
HyampSlis -polis, f. (\'dp.iro\is), a city in
the E. of Biiocis.
Hyantes -lain, in. ('Yan-es), anold name for
the Boeotians; adj., a, Hyanteus -ijum,
Boeotian, Ov.; aqua, Castalia, Mart.; b, Hyan-
tius -a -um, Boeotian ; subst., Hyantius -ii,
m. Actaeon, grandson of Cadmvs, Ov.
Hya
<M
las
Hyas -amis, ill. (*Yas), son of Atlas, and
brother (or fittker) of the Hyades; sidus Hyantis,
the Hyades, Ov. (ace. sing., Hyan. Ov.).
Hybla »a6, r. mid Hyble ; ?s, f. ('Y/3,\a), 1,
« mountain of Sicily, famed for its bees; adj.,
Hyblaeus »n -uni, flyblown ; 2, name of three,
towns i n Sicily (parva, major, and minor); hence
Hyblenses -lum, in. //ie inhabitants of Hybla.
HydaspeS -pis, in. ('Yfiao-m]?). 1, a rim- in
India, now Behvt or Djelun ; 2, name, of an
Indian slave.
hydra -ae, f. (v&pa), 1, the many-headed
water-snake, of the. Lernaean Ixike, slain by Her-
cules ; 2, a constellation ako callrd Anguis ; 3, a
monster of the lower vorld with fifty heads.
hydrauius -i, m. {v&pavKo<;), a water organ,
Cic.
hydria -ae, f. (v&pia.), an urn, water-jar, Cic.
liydrochous -i, m. (Wpoxoos), the constella-
tion Aqvarins, Cat.
• hydropiCUS -a -um (i'SpwrriKot), dropsical,
Hor.
hydrops -opis, m. (vSpwJ/), the dropsy, Hor.
1. hydrus -i -in (vSpot), a water-snake, hydra,
Verg. ; applied to the. hair of Medusa and the
Furies, Verg.
2. Hydrus -druntis, f. ('Y6po0«;), and Hy-
druntum -i, n, townon the E. coast of Calabria,
now Otranto.
hyems, hyemalis, etc.=hiems, etc. (q.v.).
Hylaeus -i, m. (YWos), a centaur slain by
Atalanta.
Hylas -ae, m. (*YAo?), son of Thiodamas, a
beautiful youth, the, friend and companion of
Hercules on the Argonautic expedition, carried off
by tlie water-nymphs in Mysia.
Hyllus -i, m. ("YAAos), son of Hercules and
Deianira.
Hymen -6 nis, m. {'Yfirjv), 1, the god of mar-
riage, Ov. ; 2, the marriage song, Ov.
hymenaeos or -vis -i, m. (u/ieVaios). I. the
marriage-song. A. Lit., hymenaeon canere,
Ov. ; canere hymenaeos, Verg. B. (gen. plnr.)
meton., the wedding, Verg.; t.ransf., the pairing
of animals, Verg. II. Hymen, the god of marriage,
Ov.
HymettosnndHymettU8-i,ni.('YnT/TT6s),
a mountain in Africa, jbmn , ]9Jhr its hers and
marble. Adj., Hymettius -a -inn., Hymettian.
Hymnis -idis, f. ('Yftpfc), name of a cmnedy
of Caecilius Statius.
Hypaopa -Oruin, n. (Ta'Yjrairra), a town in
Lydia, now Birghe or Bereki.
Hypanis -is, m. ("Y^am), river in European
Surrrwtia, now the Bog.
Hypata -ae, t. {'Ynara), town in, Thessaly.
Adj., 1, Hypataeus -a -um ; 2, Hypatensis
•e, of or Wlonging to Hypata.
Hyperborei -orum, m. ('Ynrp0dpeoi), the
■ Hyperboreans, a fabulous peaph, dwelling at the
extreme north; hence, adj., Hyperboreus
•a -inn, lying tu Die north, northern, Verg.
HyperideS -ae, n. (YircpeiSri<;), an Athenian
orator, contemporary with Demosthenes,
Hyperion -i">nis. m. ('YnrptW). 1, Hyperion,
a Titan, father of the Sun ; 2. the Sun god him-
self; hence, 1, Hyperionius -a -inn, of or
hrjangiv.g to Hyperion ; 2, HyperloniS -Idis,
f. A urora, Ov.
Hypermnestra +»., and -e, -5s, r. ('Ywep-
/injcTTpo), 'he youngest rg the Danaides, the only
sne who dal nut kill her husband (I.ynccus).
hypodidascalus -i, in. (vno&tkdo-KoXos), itH
under-teacher, Cic.
hypomnema -inatls, n.(yn6p.vr}ij.a), a memor-
andum, note, ap. Cic.
hypdtheca -ae, f. (u7ro0rj/<7j), a pledge, secur-
ity, mortgage, Cic.
Hypsipyle -8s, f. and Hypsipyla -ae, f.
('Y<//i7riiA.r)), queen of I.emnos ; saved her father
when the women of I.emnos killed all the men ;
■received the Argonaut-:.
Hyrcani -orum, m. CYpKavoC), the inhabit-
ants of Hyrcania. Hence 1, adj., Hyrcanus
-a -um, Hyrcanian ; 2, subsu, Hyrcania -ae,
f. the land of the Hyrcani in Asia, between Media,
Parthla, and. the Caspian Sea.
Hyrie -es, f. ('Ypin), town and lake in Boeotia.
Hyrieus_ -Si, m. ('Ypiev?), father of Orimi.
Adj., Hyrleus -a -uin, proles, Orion, Ov.
Hyrtacides -ae, m. ('YprairfSnj), the son of
Hyrtncus, i.e. Nisus.
Hystaspes -is, m.CYoTatrirns), father of the
Persian king, Darius.
I.
Ii, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. For
, meaning of I as an abbreviation, see Table
of Abbreviations.
Iacohus -i, m. ("laKxos), 1, a name of Bac-
chus; 2, meton., wine, Verg.
1. Ialysus -i, in. ('la-Wos), town in Bhodes,
now Jaliso. Hence, Ialyslus -a -um, poet.=
lihodian, Ov.
2. Ialysus -i m., son of Sol.
iambeus -a -um (iapf}eios), iambic, Hor.
iambus -i, in. (iajuSo?), l,an iambus, a metri-
cal foot (w — ), Hor. ; 2, an iambic poem, iambic
poetry, Cic.
ianthinus -a -um (lai-flu-os), violet-coloured,
Plin. Sui st., ianthina -orum, n. violet-coloured
clothes, Mart.
iapetus -i, in. ('Iafferos), a giant, father aj
Atlas, Epimethevs, and Prometheus ; genus lapeti,
Prometheus, Hor. Hence, Iapetionides -ae,
m. a son of Iapetus, i.e. Atlas, Ov.
Iapydes -um, m. (TanoiSe?), a people in
north-west Illyria. Hence, 1, Iapys -pfdis,
Iapydia n ; 2, Iapydia -ae, f. Iapydia.
Iapyx -pygis, ill. (ldirv£). I. the son of
Daedalus, who reigned in a part of Southern
Italy, thence called lapyg-ia. II. A. a west-north-
u;est wind, favourable for crossing from Brun-
dusium to Greece. B. n rirer in Apulia ; [apygis
arva, Apulia, Ov. C. Adj., Iapygiun. Hence,
lapygia -ae, f. (lawvyia), a district of M<(gnti
(Iraecia, part of CalaMa, now Terra d'Otianto.
Iarba. and jfarbas -ae, m. an African king,
rival if Aeneas. Hence, Iarbita -ae, m.= (I
Mauret anion, Hor.
Jardanis -nldis, f. a daughter of Iardanus,
i.e., Dmphali', Ov.
IaSlUS -ii, in. ('Iao-iot), 1, an Argive king,
father of Atalanta ; 2, a Cretan, beloved by Ceres
(also called Iasion). Hence, 1, Iasldes -ae, in.
( \acriSn 1 ;), a descendant of lasius; 2, Iasis
-sidoa, f. o daughter of lasius, i.e. Atalanta.
las
257
igi
Iadon -onis, m. Claa-uv). I. son of Aeson,
king in Tliessaly, leader of the expedition of the
Argonauts to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. Adj.,
Iasonius -a -urn, Jasonian; carina, tlie Argo,
Prop.; remex, the Argonauts, Ov. II. a tyrant
of Fherae, rontem)>or/iry with Epuviinonda-i.
laspis -fdLs, f. (lao-iris), a jasper, Verg.
iassus (iasua) -i, f. ("laao-os), a town in
Caria ; hence, f assenses -lum, m. the inhabit-
ants of Iassus.
iazjfges -urn, m. CI&£vyes), a Sarmatian
tribe on the Danube. Sing., fazyx -zjgis, used
as an adjective, Iazygian.
fber ... v. Hiber . . .
ttn, adv. (from pron. root I, whence is). L
there, at that place, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of
time, then, Hereupon; ibi inflt, Liv. B. in that
thing, in that matter, Cic.
Ibidem, adv. (ibi and demonstrat. suffix
-dem, as in i-dem), 1, in the same place, in that
very place ; hie ibidem, on this very place, Cic. ;
2, moreover, Cic. (Ibidem, Juv.). ■ •
ibis, genit. ibis and ibldis, f. (t£i«), the ibis, a
sacred bird among the Egyptians, Cic.
ibiscum, ibrlda = hibiscum, hibrida (q.v.).
Ibyous -i, m. (*I0u<co«), a Greek lyric poet,
flourishing about 540 A.C.
Icadlus -li, m. ('IxaStot), a notorious pirate.
icarius -ii, m. ('Uaptoj), the father of Pene-
lope. Hence, loariotis -idis, f., and Icaris
-idis, f. Penelope.
IoaTUS -i, m. (*I«apos). I. the son of Daedalus,
drowned in tlie Aegean Sea, vihilst flying from
Crete with wings made by his father. Hence
adj., Icarius -a -urn, Icarium mare, or absol.,
Icarium -Ii, n. the Icaria.n Sea, a part of the
Aege/m Sea. II. the father of Erigone, changed
into the constellation Arcturus, or Bootes. Adj.,
Icarius -a -uin, Icarian; canis, the constella-
tion Canis Major, Ov.
iccirco = idcirco (q.v.).
Icelos -i, m. (i/ceAor, like), brother of Mor-
pheus.
Iceni -orum, m. a people in Britain.
ichneumon -5nis, m. (ixvevnw), the ichneu-
mon, Cic.
Icio, or ico, Ici, ictum, 3. to strike, hit, smite,
stab. I. A. Lit., lapide ictus, Caes. ; e caelo
ictus, struck by lightning, Cic. B. Meton., icere
foedns, to make a treaty, Cic. II. Transf., partic,
ictus, affected, touched, moved, struck; conscientia
tctus, Liv. ; desideriis icta, Hor. (pres. also ico,
Lucr.).
Iconlum -Ii, n. VIkoviov), toiun in Lycaonia.
lctericus -a -um (i/crepiicds), suffering from
jaundice, jaundiced, Juv.
ictus -lis, m. (ico), a blow, stroke, stab, hit,
thrust. I. Gen., a, lit., gladiatorius, Cic. ; sagit-
tarum ictus, Liv ; lapidum, Caes. ;•; apri, Ov. ;
pollicis, tlie striking of the lyre, Hor! ; fulminis,
lightning-stroke, Cic; solis, a sunbeam, Hor.; b,
transf., How ; novae calamitatis, Cic. IL Esp.,
A. the charge or assault of an enemy ; sub ictum
dari, to be exposed to the attacks of the enemy,
Tac. B. In music, beating time, beat, Hor.
Ida -ae, f., and Ide -e"s, f. ("I6a, "ISr,). I.
ft woman's name, Verg. II. A. a mountain near
Troy. B. a mountain in Crete, where Jupiter
was nursed. Adj., Idaeus -a -um, a, relating
to Mount Ida in Phrygia ; parem deum, Verg.,
or mater, Cic, Cybele; naver Trojan, Hor. ;
pastor, Cic, or judex, or hospes, Ov., Pari*;
b, relating to Mount Ida in Crete.
Idalie -es, f, ('ISaAirj), a surname of Venus,
from Idalium.
idallum -Ii, n. ('ISdAioi>), promontory and
town in Cyprus, with a temple, of fen us. H"lice
I, adj., Idalius -a -um, poet., belonging to
Cyprus, Venus, Verg.; 2. snbst., Idalla -ae, f.
(sc. terra), the neighbourliood of Idalium.
idcirco (iccirco), adj. (id and circa)", on that
account, for that reason; absol., Cic; followed
by quod or quia. Cic ; by si, Cic ; by ut or ne
and the subj., Cic ; by qui and the subj., Cic ;
by quo facilius and subj., Caes.
idem, 5adem, Idem (from is and suffix -dem),
the same ; idem velle atque idem nolle, to have
tlie same likes and dislikes, Sail. ; amicus est tam-
quam alter idem, a second self, Cic ; sometimes
to be translated by also; suavissimus et idem
facillimus, Cic. ; followed by qui, atque (ac) et,
ut, quam, quasi, cum, etc., eadein virtus, quae
in proavo, Cic; foil, by dat., idem facit occi-
denti, headed like, etc., Hor. ; neut. subst., idem
juris, the same right, Cic ; eodem loci, on the
very spot, Cic. ; with et or que = and indeed ;
certissimi et iidem acerrimi, Cic. (abL eodem-
que, eademque. trisyll., Verg.
Identidem, adv. (idem -ti -dem), repeatedly,
again and again, Cic
ideo, adv. on that account, therefore, Cic ; fol-
lowed by quod, quia, quoniam, by ut, or ne with
the subj., Cic, or by quin with the subj., Liv.
Idiota (Idiotes) -ae, m. (IoWttjs), an igno-
rant, uncultivated man, Cic.
Idmon -mSnis, m. ('liy.iav),father ofArachne.
Adj., Idmonlus ra -um, Arachne, daughter oj
Idmon, Ov. - ^
idomeneus -ei, m. CUoiievevs), son of Deuca-
lion, king of Crete.
Idonee, adv. (idoneusX My, appropriately,
Cic.
Idoneus -a -um, fit, appropriate. I. Act,
fit to do something, capable, Qualified, suitable;
constr., a, with dat., with n<\ or in and the ace,
castris idoneum locum, Caes. ; idonei ad hoc
negotiuin, Cic. ; idonei in earn rem, Liv. ; b, with
infin., fons rivo dare nomen idoneus, Hor.; o,
absol., verba minus idonea, Cic ; of persons,
sufficient, satisfactory ; idonei auctores, Cic. ;
with infin., idoneum visum est dieere, Sail.
II. Pass., fit tosuffer or receive something, worthy;
constr., a, gen-, with qui and the subj. (like
dignus), tioi fortasse nemo fuit quern iuiitere,
Cic. ; b, absol., minus idoneum praemio afficere,
Ci S -
Idume -es, f. and Idumaea -ae, f. ClSov-
liaia), a district in Palestine, bordering on Judaea
and Arabia Petraea. Hence, Idumaeus -a -um,
Idumaean.
idus -ttum, f. (root ID, VID, whence viduus
and divido, the dividing), the Ides, the middle of
tlie Roman month, the fifteenth day in March,
May, July, October; the thirteenth \n the other
months; idus Martiae, the 15th of March, Cic...
Idyia -ae, f. Clivia), the mother of Medea.
Igilium -Ii, n. a small island on the coast of
Etruria, now Giglio.
igitur, adv. (from is and suffix -tur = -tus,
as ita from i -s and suffix -ta), then. A. Of logi-
cal consequences, so, therefore, then, exxordingly;
si mentiris, mentiris. Mentlris au tern ; igitur
mentiris, Cic B. In asking questions, then?
in quo igitur loco eRt? Cic. ; ironically, haec
igitur est tua disciplina? Cic. C. With impera-
tives, then, so then; fac igitur quod, etc., Cio.
ign
D. After digressions, parentheses, etc. to resume
the argument, so, as I was saying ; scripsi etiam
(nam ab oratiouibus disjungo me fere), scripsi
igitur, Cic. E. In a climax, then. ; pro imperlo,
proexercitu, pro provincia, etc., pro his igitur
omnibus rebus, Cic. (Igitur stands most fre-
quently second or third in its clause, but some-
times first, esp. in Sallust).
ignarus -a -urn (in and gnarus), 1, ignorant
of, uuacqrtainied with, inexperienced in; with
genit., faciendae orationis, Cic. ; inaiiti, un-
married, Hor. ; with ace. and infin., uon sumus
iguari multos studiose contra esse dicturos,
Cic. ; with rel. sent., ignarb populo Romano
quid ageretur, Cic. ; quid virtus valeret, Cic. ;
multos esse dicturos, Cic; absol., Liv. ; 2,
pass., unknown ; with dat., proles iguara par-
enti, Ov. ; regio hostibus ignara, Sail.; absol.,
ignari montes, Verg.
ignave and ignaviter, adv. (ignavus),
lazily, sloth/ally, without spirit; dicere, Hor.;
facere, Cic.
ignavia -ae, f. (ignavus), idleness, laziness,
listless ness, sloth, cowardice; contraria fortitu-
dini ignavia, Cic
■ ignaviter = ignave (q.v.).
ignavus -a -urn (in and gnavus). I. idle,
slothful, listless, inactive (opp. strenuus). A.
Lit., a, homo, senectus, Cic. ; with genit.,
legiones operum et laboris ignavae, Tac. ; With
ad and- the ace, ignavissimus ad opera ac
muniendum hostis, Liv.; b, cowardly; miles,
Cic; hostis, Liv.; subst, ignavus -i, m. a
coward, poltroon, Sail.; plur., Cic. B. Transf.,
of inanimate objects, inert, sluggish ; nemus,
unfruitful, Verg.; lux, « day in which one is
toy, an idle day, Jnv.'; gravitas, immovable,
Verg. II. Act.,* causing sloth and idleness;
frigus, Ov.; genus interrogationis, Cic.
ignesco, 3. (ignis). A. to kindle, arfcli fire,
Cic. B. Transf., to burn, glow with passion;
Rutulo ignescunt irae, Verg.
igncus -a -urn (ignis), fiery,' burning, glowing
with heat. I. Lit, a, sidcra, Cic; sol, Cic;
b, glowing like flame ; astra, Verg. II. Transf.,
A. Of colours, flaming, glowing, Plin. B. Fig.,
glowing with passion, love, anger, etc.; furor,
Ov. ; vigor, Verg. ; Tarchon, Verg.
ignioiilUS -i. in. (dim. of ignis), a little fire,
little flame, s)Xirk, A. Lit, Plin. B. Transf.,
a, ardour; desiderii, Cic; b, a tpark, begin-
ning; virtutum, Cic. ; desiderii tui, the ardour,
glow, Cic ; ingenii, sparks of talent, Quint.
ignifer -fera -f6rum (ignis and fero),: fire-
bearing, fiery ; aether, Lucr. ; axis, Ov.
ignigena -ae, m. (ignis and geno = gigno),
torn of fire, epithet of Bacchus, Ov.
ignipes -pSdis (ignis and pes), fiery-footed ';
equi, Ov.
ignipotens -entis (ignis and potens), mighty
in fire, ruler of fire, epithet of Vulcan, Verg.
ignis -is, m.fire. I. Lit, A. 1, gen., ignem
concipere, comprehendere, to udch fire, Cic;
accendere, Verg. ; ignem ab igne capere, (o kindle,
Cic ; oporibns ignem inferre, Caes. ; aliqnem
igni cremare, necare, interficere, Caes. ; 2, esp.,
a, (jonfiagration; pluribus simnl locis, et iis
diversis, ignes coorti sunt, Liv.; b,a watch-fire;
jgnibus exstinctis, Liv.; c, a fire-brand; ignibua
armata ingens multitude, Liv. ; d, the fames of
flie funeral pile; ignes supremi, Ov. ; e, light-
ning; ignis ooruscus, Hor. ; f, light of the stars ;
ignes enrvati lunae, Hor. B. a, glow, he^it ;
solis, Ov. ; b, glitter, fire, of the eyes, Cic ; c,
redness; sacer ignis, St. Anthony's fire, Verg.
IL Transf., 1, nuic ordini novum ignem sub-
258 ill
jeci, ground for hatred, Cic. ; 2, 3/010 of the jxis-
sions of love or anger, and metou., for the person
beloved, mens ignis, Verg.
ignobilis -e (in and gnobilis = nobilis), 1,
unknown, obscure, inglorious ; ci vitas," Cafes.; 2,
of low birth, of mean extraction, ignoble; familia,
Cic. ; vulgus, Verg.
ignobllitas -atis, f. (ignobilis), 1, inglorious-
ness, obscurity, Cic; 2, mean birth ; generis, Cic.
igr.ominia -ae, f. (in and gnomen = nomen),
the deprivation of one's good name, disgrace, dis-
honour, ignominy; ignominiam ncciperc, Cic;
alicni injungere, inferre, Liv. ; inurere, Cic. ,
ignominia aliquem atticere, Cic. ; ignominifi
notare, Cic. ; ignominiam habere, Cic. ; per Bg-
nominiam, Cic; witli Bubj. genit, senatus, in-
flicted by the senate, Cic.
ignominiosus -a -urn (ignominia), full of
disgrace, ignominious, disgraceful; dominatio,
Cic. ; fuga, Liv.
ignorabilis -e (ignoro), unknown, Cic.
ignorans -antis(partic. of ignoro), ignorant,
Caes.
ignorantia -ae, f. (ignoro), want of knou--
ledge, ignorance ; loci, Caes. ; absol., Cic
ignoratio -onis, f. (ignoro), want of know-
ledge, ignorance; locorum, Cic; sui, Cic; abse!..
Cic.
ignoratus -a -um (partic. of ignoro), un-
known ; ignoratum a Syracusanis sepulcrum,Cic,
ignoro, l. (ignarus), to be without knowledge,
ignorant of, not to know ; a, with ace, eausam,
Cic. ; alicuius faciem, Sail. ; aliquem, Cic. ; b,
with infm., Cic. ; c, with ace. and infin., Cic. ;
d, with rel. sent, quum id quam vere sit ig-
nores, Cic. ; e, with de and the abl., Cic. ; f,
absol., Cic.
ignoscens -entis, (p. adj. of ignosco), for-
giving, placable, Ter.
ignosco -novi -notum, 3. (in and gnosco =
nosco, not to take notice of), to overlook, forgive,
pardon ; witli dat, haesitationi meae, Cic; mat
ut sibi ignosceret, Caes. ; with neut ace, hoc,
Cic. ; with si or quod, that, Cic
1. ignotUS -a -um, partic of ignosco.
2. ignotUS -a -um (in and gimtus = notus).
1. 1, unknown,; with dat., plurimis ienotissfini
gentibus. Cic; jus obsenrnm et ignotuin, Cic;
subst., ignotus -i, m. 011 unknown person,
Cic; 2, ignoble, obscure (opp. generosus); mater,
Hor. ; hie ignotissimns Phryx, Cic II. Act,
ignorant, Cic.
Iguvium -ii, n. a town in Umbria, now Cub-
bio or Evgubin. Hence, 1, Iguvini -orum, in.
and 2, Iguvlnates -Ium, m. the inhabitants
of Iguvium.
Ilerda -ae, f. town in Hispania Tarra-
conensis.
Ilergaones -um, m. and Illurgavon-
enscs -ium, in. a people in the east of Hispania
Tarraconensis.
Ilergetes -um, m. a people in Hispania Tar-
roconeiiFis.
ilex -icis, f. the holm-oak, Verg.
1. ilia -ium, 11. 1, the part of the body between
the Tibs and thighs, the flank; sufTodere.ilia equis,
Liv. ; ima longo ilia singnltu tendere, Verg. ;
dncere, to draw the flanks together, to become
broken-winded, Hor. ; rumpcre, to burst, Verg. ;
2, the intestines of animals, Hor.
2. Ilia -ae, f. v. Ilion.
Iliacus, v. Ilion.
ilicet (= ire .licet). I. A. Lit., let us go,
you may go, a form of dismissal anciently used
ili
250
ill
at the close of a meeting, Ter. B. Transf., it is
all over, all is lost, Plant., Ter. II. immediately,
forthwith, straightway, Verg.
ilicetum -i, n. (ilex), an ilex-grove, Mart.
llico = illico.
IHensiS, v. llion.
llignus -a -um (ilex), lehmging to the ilex;
glans, Hor.
Ilion or Ilium -li, n. flMov) and Ilios -li,
f. (*IXios), Troy; hence, 1, adj., Ilius -a -uui,
Trojan; subst., a, illi -drum, m. tlie Trojans;
b, Ilia -a e, f. the Trojan vjoman =. Rhea Sylvia,
■mother of Romulus and Remus, Verg., and
hence, iliades -ae, m. the descendant of Ilia —
Romulus or Remus, Ov. ; 2, Iliacus -a rum,
Trojan; carmen, on the Trojan war, Hor. ; 3,
ilienses -ium, m. the inhabitants of Ilium;
4, iliades -ae, m. Ganymede, Ov. ; 5. Ilias
-ildis, f. a, ft Trojan woman, Verg.; b, the Iliad
of Homer, Cic
iliona -ae, f. and Ilione -es, f. 1, the eldest
daughter of king Priam, wife of Polymnestor, king
in Thrace ; 2, = HeexCba, Cic; Ilionam cdormit,
the part of Hecuba, Ilor.
Illthyia -ae, f. (EiAeifluia), the goddess who
aided women in child-birth.
Iliturgi (Illiturgi) -6mm, m. a place in
Hispa n ia Baetica. Hence, Iliturgitam -oruin,
m. the inhabitants of Iliturgi.
ilia (ille), adv. 1 (abl. of ille, sc. parte), at
tliat place, Plant., Tac. ; 2 (dat. illai, sc. parti),
to that place, Ov.
illahcfactus -a -urn (in and labefacio), un-
shaken, firm, Ov.
illabor -lapsus, 3. dep. (in and labor), to fall,
glide, fall into, fall doivn; 1, lit., si fractus
illabatur orbis, Hor.; in stomacho illabuntur
ea quae aceepta sunt ore, Cic; 2, transf., per-
nicies illapsa civium in animos, Cic.
illaboro, 1. (in and laboro), to work upon,
labour at; domibus, in building houses, Tac
iliac, adv. (illic). I. (lit. abl.), there, at this
place; liac atque iliac, hac iliac, Ter.- II. (lit.
dat), to that place; transf., iliac facere,. to. stand
on that side, belong to that party, Cic
ill&cessitus -a -urn (in and lacesso), un-
attacked, unprovoked, Tac.
illacrimabilis -c (in and lacriinabilis), 1,
unwept; omnes illacrimabiles urgentur, Hor.;
2, not to be moved by tears, pitiless ; Pluto, Hor.
illacrimo, 1. (in and lacrimo), to weep,
bewail; with dat., errori, Li v. ; absol., ebur
maestum illacvhnat templis,Verg. •
illacrlmor, 1. dep. (in and lacrimor), to
,weep over, bewail; morti, Cic.
illacsus -a -um (in and laedo), unhurt, un-
insured, Ov.
illaetabilis -e (in and laetabilis), sorrowful,
gloomy, cheerless; ora, Verg.
illaqueo (in and laqneo), to entrap, ensnare,
■ entangle; tig., illaqueatus omnium legum pcric-
ulis, Cic
illaudatus -a -um (in and laudatus), im-
praised, obscure; Busiris, Verg.
illautus = illotus (q.v.).
ille, ilia, illud, genit. illins, demonstr. pron.
(perhaps for is-le, from is), that; a, istu beat'itas
cur aut in solem ilium ant in hum- mundtim
cadere non potest, Cic. ; of time, qui illoruni
temporum historian) reliqurrunt, Cic; b, that
glorious or notorious; ille Kpaminondas, Cic;
ilia Medea, Cic; hie ille, this glorious, etc. ;■ hie
nunc ille annus ogregius, Cic; c, ille quidem,
he indeed, Cic. ; non ille . . , sed hie, Cic ; d?
referring to and preparing for what' cornea after,
illud perlibenter andivi te esse,, etc., Cic. ; e,
hie et (atque) ille,"i/ie one and the other, Hor.;
ille aut (vel) ille, this or that, Cic. ultJ
illecebra -ae, f. (illicio), 1, an allurement,
enticement, attraction,. charm; voluptas est illec-
ebra turpitudinis, Cic. ; 2, meton., anenticer,
a decoy-bird, Plant.
1. illectus -a -um (in and lectus, from lego),
unread, Ov.
2. illectus -ils (illicio), m. seduction, allure-
ment, Plaut.
3. illectus -a -um, partic. of illicio.
illepide, adv.- (illepidus), ungracefully,: in-
elegantly, Plaut.
illepidus -a -um (in and lepidus), ungrace-
ful, inelegant, rude, unmannerly ; parens avarus,
illepidus, in liberos difflcilis, Cic.
1. illex -llcis (illicio), alluring; subst., f.- o
decoy-bird, Plaut.
2. illex -legis (in and lex), lawless, Plaut. ' "
illibatus -a -um (in and'libo), undiminished,
uncurtailed, unimpaired /'divitiae, Cic,
-illiberalis -e (in and liberalis), 1, unworthy
of a free man, ignoble; te in me illiberalem put-
abit, Cic; 2, transf., low, mean; quaestus.
Cic. ; genjis jocandi, Cic.
illiberalitas -atis, f. (illiberalis), iliiberality,
stinginess, meanness ; illiberalitatis avaritjaeque
suspicio, Cic.
illiberalitSr (illiberalis), 1, ignobly, meanly ;
patris diligentia non illiberaliter institutus, Cic. ;
2, in a sordid, niggardly manner ; facere, Cic.
1. illio, illaec, illflc, pron. demonstr. (ille -ce),
that there; in Interrogative sentences',. illiccine,
Plant. ; illanccine, Ter., .'.'"'"
2. illio, adv. (1. illic), . 1, there, .at tliat place,
Caes.; 2, transf., a, on .that side, Tac; b, in
that case, Liv. . -»ti
illicio -lexi -leetum, 3. (in and *lacio), to
entice, seduce, allure, decoy, inveigle; coniugem
in stuprum, Cic; aliqnem ad bellum,' Sail. ;
with ut and the subj., Liv. ._
illioitator -Oris, m; a sham bidder at an
auction, a puffer, Cic. ' ."
illicitus -a -um (in and llcitus), not alloived,
illicit, illegal ; exactiones, Tac. '
illico (ilico), adv. (in loco), 1, on the spot,
in that very place, Ter. ; 2, transf., on the spot,
immediately, Cic.
illido -lisi dlsum, 3. (in and laedo), ' 1,' to
strike, knock, beat, dash against; lateri algam,
Verg. ; saxeam pilam vadis, Verg.; illldere
dentem, Hor. ; 2, to shatter, crush, dash to
pieces; serpens fllisa morietur, Cic."
illi go, 1. (in and llgo), tobind, tie, fasting I.
A. aratra juvencis, Hoi-. ; Mettium in currus,
Liv. B. Transf., to bind, to connect with oneself,
bind to oneself; aliquem pignoribus, Cic. IL. A.
to fasten, attach; a, lit., crustas in aureis pocu-
lis, Cic. ; b, transf., sententiam verbis, Cic.
B. to entangle, impede ; a, lit., illigatur praeda,
Tac. ; b, transf., angustis et concisis disputa-
tionibus illigati, Cic ,- .
illim, adv. = illiiie, from there, from, that
place, Cic. • ■■"' J .• i r ' -
illimis -e (la and Umnsrffree.^ from mud,
clear; funs, Ov.
illinc, adv. (illim -ce). I. from that place,
fngit illinc, Cic II. Transf., from, that side,
from that person, thence, Cic - < ■ <
ill
•iliO
nub
illino -levi -Htum, 3. (in and lino), to smear,
daub, spread over ; 1, aumm vestibus illitum,
Hor. ; quodcumque semel chartis illeverit, has
written, scribbled, Hor. ; 2, to cover with; pocula
ceris, Ov.; fig., color venustatis non fuco lllitus,
Cie.
ilHquefactus -a -urn (in and liquefacio),
molten, liquefied, Cic.
illiteratus -a -um (in and literatus), un-
learned, ignorant, illiterate; a, of persons, vir
non illiteratus, Cic. ; b, of things, multa . . .
nee illiterata videantur, Cic.
1116, adv. (orig. illoi, dat. of ille), 1, to that
place, thither, Cic. ; 2, transf., to that matter or
thing; haec omnia eodem illo pertinere, Caes.
illoc, adv. (l. illic), thither, Ter.
iliotua (illautus, illutus) -a -um (in
and lotus, or lautus, from lavo), 1, unwashed,
unclean, impure, Hor. ; 2, not washed off; sudor,
Verg.
illuc, adv. (ille). I. Of 9pace, thither, to that
place. A. Lit., hue atque illuc, Cic. B. Transf.,
to that matter, or person ; ut illuc revertar, Cic.
II. Of time, up to tliat time, Tac.
Ulucesco (illuoiaco) -luxi, 3. (in and
lncesco or lucisco). I. to become light, begin to
shine. A. Lit., qnum tertio die sol illuxisset,
Cic. ; illucescet aliquando ille dies, Cic. B.
Transf., to shmu oneself, appear; qnum in tene-
bris vox consulis illuxerit, Cic. II. Impers.,
illucescit, it grows light, is daylight; ubi illuxit,
Liv.
llludo -liisi -lusum, 3. (in and ludo). I. to
play with, sport with ; chartis, to play with paper,
i.e. amuse oneself with writing, Hor. II. In a bad
sense, 1, to mock at, laugh at, make a mock of;
a, with dat.. capto, Verg. ; aliculus dignitati,
Cic. ; rebus hummus, Hor. ; b, with the ace,
miseros illudi nolnnt, Cic. j earn artem, Cic. ;
absol.j illudens, ironically, in ridicule, Cic. ; 2,
to deceive ; Cretenses ornnes, Nep. ; illusi pedes,
staggering, Hor.; 3, to destroy, ruin, disgrace;
cui (frondi) silvestres uri illudunt, Verg.
Illuminate, adv. (illumino), luminously,
clearly; dicere, Cic.
Wunrfno, 1. (in and lumino). A. to make
light, enlighten, illuminate, Cic; luna illuminata
a sole, Ctc. B. Of discourse, to make, clear, set
off, adorn ; orationem sententiis, Cic.
illusio -5nis, f. (illndo), irony, as a rhetor-
ical figure, Cic.
illustris -e (in and lustro), light, full of
light, bright, brilliant. A. Lit., stella ; lumen;
locus, Cic. B. Transf., a, clear, plain, evident;
oratio, res, Cic. ; b, distinguished, celebrated,
illustrious, famous, renowned ; illustriori loco
natus, Caes. ; nomen illastrius, Cic. ; c, remark-
able ; res illustrior, Caes.
illustrius, adv. compar. and illustrls-
eime. adv. snpwL (illustris), more clearly, more
distinctly ; dicere, Cic.
illustro, 1. (illustris), to enlighten, make
light, I. Lit., sol cuncta sua luce iliustrat, Cic.
II. Transf., 1, to bring to light, make known ;
coneilla, Cic. ; 2, to explain, illustrate, elucidate;
jus obscurum, Cic. ; 3, to adorn ; a, of speech,
orationem sententiis, Cic. ; b. to make illus-
trious, celebrate, do honour to ; niiquem laudibus
Cic. ; aliquid Musfi, Hor.
llluvlc* -51, f. (Uluo), a, an inundation,
flood, Tac. ; b, dirt, mud; raorbo llluvieque
peresns, Verg.
Illyrii ••".ruin, ni. a people, on the Adriatic Sea,
in the modern Duhnatia and Albania. Hence
1, adj., IHJtIub -a -vir, Illyrian; 2, subst,
IUyria -ae, f. lllyria ; 3, Illyricus a -iilh,
Illyrian; subst., Illyricum -i, n. lllyria: 4,
Iliyrts -idis, f. Illyrian ; subst., lllyria, Ov.
Ilotae -arum = Hilotae (q.v.).
Ilus -i, m, ('iAos), 1, son of Tros, father of
Laomedon, builder of Troy ; 2, = lulus.
Ilva -ae, f. an island to the west of Etrurla,
now Rlha.
Imftchara -ae, f. town mi the east of Sicily,
now Maccara. Adj., Imacharensis -e, be-
longing to Imachara.
' lm = earn.
Imnginarius -a -um (imago), imaginary;
fasces, Liv.
imaginatio -onis, f. (imaginor), imagina-
tion, fancy; provincias Orientis secretis imagin
atiouibus agitare, Tac.
imaginor, 1. dep. (imago), to imagine, con-
ceive, picture, to oneself; pavorein, Tac.
Imago -Inis, f. (root IM, whence also imitor
and sim -ilis). I. Objective, A. Lit., 1, a, gen.,
an image, representation, portrait, figure, bust,
statue ; ticta, a statue, Cic. ; picta, painted bust,
Cic. ; a portrait engraved on a seal-ring ; est
signum notum, imago avi tni, Cic. ; b, esp.,
imagines (majorum), waxen figures, portraits of
ancestors who had held curule offices, placed in
the atria of Roman houses, and carried in funeral
processions, Cic; 2, a likeness, counterfeit;
imago animi et corporis tui, filius tuns, Cic. ;
imago animi vultus est, Cic. ; 3, a, the sha/le or
ghost of a dead man; imagines mortuorum, Cic. ;
b, a dream ; somni, noctis, a dream, Ov. ; c, in
the Epicurean philosophy, the mental idea or
representation of a real object, Cic. ; 4, an echo;
laus bonorum virtuti resonat tamquam imago,
Cic. ; 5, in discourse, a metaphor, simile, image ;
hac ego si compellor imagine, Hor. B. Transf.,
the abearance, pretence; pacis, Tac. ; decoris,
Liv. ; iniaginem reipnblicae nullam reliquerunt,
they left no shadow or trace, of the republic, Cic.
II. Subjective, 1, the appearance, imago veni-
entis Turni, Verg. ; 2, the image, idea, concep-
tion, mental representation of any object or event ;
tantae caedis, Ov. ; tantae pietatis, Verg.
imbeolllis, v. iml>ecillus.
imbeoilUtas -atis, f. (imbecillus), weakness,
imbecility, feebleness. A. Lit., corporis, Cic
B. Transf., consilii, Cic. ; animi, Caes.
ImbeollllUS, adv. compar. (imbecillus), some-
what weakly, feebly ; assentiri, Cic
imbecillus -a -um, weak, feeble. A. Lit.,
filius, Cic. ; imbecillior valetudine, Cic. B.
Transf., a, regimm, Sail.; b, of the mind, weak,
without energy ; animus, Cic ; accusator, Cic.
imbellis -e (in and bellum). I. nnwarlike ;
1 multitudo, Liv. ; telum, feeble, Verg. ; dii,
I enus and Cupid, Ov. ; 2, cowardly ; res,
cowardly behaviour, Cic. II. without war, putre-
ful, quiet ; annus, Liv.
imber -bris, m. (<V0pos), a shower or storm
of rain, pelting rain (pluvia, gentle, fertilising
rain). I. Lit., magnus, maximus, Cic. ; so also
lactis, sanguinis, lapidum, Cic II. Transf., A.
a storm jinin-cloud ; super caput asttt.it imber,
Verg. B. water or any fluid ; fiuminis imber,
Ov. ; tortus, hail, Verg. C. Of a shower of
missiles, ferreus ingruit imber, Verg.
lmberbls -e and imberbus -a -um (in and
harba), beardless, Cic
imbibo -blbi, 3. (in and bibo), 1, to drink
In, conceive; de vobis nialnm oplnionem animo,
Cic. ; 2, to resolve, to determine upon any thing ;
inctuor eiua quod initio consulatus imbiberat,
Liv.
inib
261
imm
-onis, f. (imitor), an imitation;
in. (imitor), on imitator;
imbrex -Icis, c. (iiuber), a hollow tile (to
keep the rain off), used in roofing, Verg.
imbrifer -f6ra -feruiu (imber and fero), rain-
bringing; ver, Verg. ; auster, Ov.
Imbroa and Imbrus -i, f. ("I/n^pot), ait,
island in the Aegean Sea, near to Lemiws, now
Embro. Hence adj., Imbrius -a -urn, Imbrian.
imbuo -ui -utum, 3. (in and root BU, con-
nected with BI in bibo), to moisten, vet, steep,
saturate. I. Lit, vestein sanguine, Ov. ; im-
buti sanguine gladii, Cic. II. Transf., A. to
fill, stain, taint; imbutus macula sceleris, Cic. ;
imbutus superstitione, Cic. B. to accustom,
inure, initiate, insti~uct ; pectora religione, Cic. ;
imbutus cognitionibus verborum, Cic. ; with
ad and the ace, ad quam legem non instituti
sed inibuti sumus, Cic. C. Poet, to begin,viake
an essay of; imbue opus tuum, Ov.
t lmltabllis -C (imitor), that can lie imitated,
imitable; oiationis subtilitas, Cic.
imitamen -inis, n. (imitor), an imitation,
representation ; image, Ov. • *■<
imitamentum -i, n. (imitor), ait imitating,
imitation; lacriinae vel dolorum imitamenta,
Tac.
lmitatio
viitutis, Cic.
Imitator -Oris,
principum, Cic.
imitatrlx -icis, f. imitator), she that imi-
tates; imitatrix boni, voluptas, Cic.
Imitor, 1. dep. (root IM, whence also imago).
I. to imitate, copy. A. Lit., aiuictum alicuius
ant statum aut motum, Cic. ; praeclarum fac-
tum, Cic; of things, to be like, to resemble;
humor potest imitari sudorem, Cic. B. Transf.,
poet., to replace, or supply by something similar ;
pocula vitea acidis sorbis, Verg. II. to repre-
sent, depict, express; aliquid penicillo, Cic;
capillos aere, Hor.
lmmadesco -madui, 3. (in and madesco), to
become moist or wet; lacrimis immaduisse genas,
° v -
immane, adv. (immanis), frightfully, dread-
fully, savagely ; leo immane hians, Verg.
immanis -e (in and root MA, whence also
luanus ( — bonus), Manes, etc.). I. enormous,
■cast, immense, monstrous ; corporuin magnitudo,
Caes.; ingens immanisque praeda, Cic; antrum,
Verg. ; immane quantum discrepat, differs to an
enormous extent, Hor. II. Transf., frightful,
savage, horrible, inhuman, fierce; hosts gens,
Cic. ; belua, Cic ; fiuinen, Verg.
immanitas -Stis, f. (immanis), savageness,
fierceness, inhumanity, cruelty, barbarity, fright-
fulness; vitiorum, facinoris, Cic; meton., in
hac tanta immanitate versari, in the midst of
these inhuman perso)is, Cic.
Immansuetus -a -urn (in and mansuetus),
untamed, unrestrained, wild ; gens, Cic.
immaturitas -Stis, f. (immaturus), im-
maturity, hence = untimely haste, Cic.
immaturus -a -um (in -matuius), 1, lit,
unripe, immature, Plin. ; 2, transf., untimely ;
mors, Cic. ; interitus C. Gracchi, Cic. ; si tilius
immaturus obiisset, Hor.
immedlcabllis -e(in and medicabius), that
cannot be healed ; vulnus, Ov. ; tehuii, the wound
from wliich cannot be heeded, Verg.
immemor -minis (in and lnemor), unmind-
ful, forgetful ; with genit, mandati, Cic; nee
Roinanarum rerum immemor, familiar with.
Roman history, Cic. ; libertatis, Liv. ; poet,
equus immemor herbae, paying nq heed to, Verg.;
afcso}., jngenium, Cic.
immemorabllis -e (in and memorabilia),
1, indescribable ; spatium, Luur. ; versus, tw-
worthy of representation, Plaut ; 2, silent, un-
communicative, Plant.
immemoratus -a -uin (in and memoro),
not mentioned, not narrated. Plur. subst, im-
memorata -Orum, n. new things, things not
yet related, Hor.
immensltas -atis, f. (inimensus), immea-
surableness, immensity ; latitudinum, altitudin-
um, Cic.
inimensus -a -um (in and metier), im-
measurable, immense, vast, boundless ; magni-
tude regionum, Cic. ; mare, Cic. Subst., fin-
mensum -i, n. immeJise size, immeasurable
space, immensity; altitudinis, immaisurable
depth, Liv.; in immeiisuni, to an immense height,
Sail.; ad immensum, to avast extent; augere,
Liv. ; immensum est dicere, it is an endless
task to tell. Ov. ; adv., immensum, enormously ;
crescere, Ov.
immorens -entis (in and inereo), not de-
serving, innocent, Ov.
immergo -mersi -niersum, 3. (in and merge),
1, lit, to dip into, plunge into, immerse; manu-s
in aquam, Plin. ; aliquem unda, Verg. ; ini-
mersus in rluinen, Cic. ; 2, transf., immergere
se in consuetudiuem alicuius, to insinuate one-
self into, Cic.
inimerito, v. immeritus.
immeritus -a -um (in and inereo), 1, act.,
not deserving or meriting, innocent ; gens, Verg. ;
niori, that has not deserved to die, Hor.; 2, pass.,
undeserved, unmerited ; laudes haud inimeritae,
Liv. immerito, adv. undeservedly, Cic.
immersabilis -e (In and merso), that can-
not be sunk ; adversis rerum immersabilis undis,
not to be overwhelmed by, Hor.
immetatus -a -um (in and meto), un-
measured ; jugera, Hor.
immigro, 1. (in and migro). A. Lit, to re-
move into; in domum et in paternos hortes,
Cic. B. Transf., ut ea (translata) verba non
irruisse in alienum locum, sed irumigrasse in
suum diceres, to have fallen naturally into their
place, Cic.
immineo, 2. (in and mineo), to hang, bend,
incline over, project over, overliang. I. Lit.,
quercus ingens arbor praetorio imminebat, Liv.;
populus antro iinminet, Verg. ; oollis urbi im-
minet, Verg. ; career imminens foro, Liv. ; luna
inuninente, by the light of the moon, Hor. II.
Transf., A. a, of avils, to hang over threaten-
ingly, be imminent, threaten; mors quae quot-
idie iinminet, Cic. ; imminentlum nescius, ig-
norant of the immediate future, Tac. ; b, to be
near with hostile intent, threaten ; castra Romana
Carthaginis portisimmineant, Liv.; videt hostes
imniinere, Caes. ; gestus imminens, threatening
demeanour, Cic. B. a, to threaten, to be on tlie
point of attacking; imminent duo reges toti
Asiae, Cic. ; b, to be on the watch for, to look
out for ; in victoriam, Liv.; ad caedeni^ Cic.
immlnuo -fti -utum, 3. (iu and niinuo), to
lessen, diminish. I. Gen., A. Lit, copias, Cic;
verbuin iinminutum, abbrevicUed,Cio. B. Transf.,
to lessen, curtail; iinminuitur aliquid de volup-
tate, Cic. II. A, toweaken; corpus otlo, auimum
libidinibus, Tac. B. Transf., to weaken, destroy,
injure; majestatem, Liv.; auctoritatem, Cic. .
iniminutlo -onis,, f. (imminuo), a lessening,
diminishing, weakening ; \, corporis, Cic. ; 2,
transf., a, dignitatis, Cic, ) b, a r'»et. figure =p
Aitottjs (e.g., non mining for iuaxim«), Cic.
immigceo -niisciii -mixtam or Tmisturn, 3-
(iu and misceq), io mix fn, mfngie with, infer'
1111111
Z(W
1111 ill
mix. I, Lit., a, of things, nives caelo prope
iinmixtee, Liv. ; poet., imniiscent maims man-
ibus, they fight hand to hand, Verg. ; b, of per>
sons, togati immisti turbae rafiitum, Liv. ; so
medlia armis, Verg. II. Transf., to join, with,
■unite together ; a, of things, vote timori, Verg. ;
sorteni regnl cum rebus Romanis, Liv. ; b, of
persons, se colloquiis niontanorum, Liv.
immlsSrabllis -e (in and miserabilis), un-
lamented, nnpitied, Hor.
immiserlcors -cordis (in and misericors),
unmercifid, Cic.
immisslo -finis, f. (iminitto), a letting grow;
sarmentorum, Cic.
Immltis -e (in and niitls), sour, harsh. I.
Lit.,uva, Hor. II. Transf., rough, harsh, cruel,
wild, pitiless, inexorable, stem ; tyrannus, Verg.;
hnmites oculi, Ov.; lupus innnitis, Ov. ; ara, on
which human sacrifices vxre offered, Ov.
immitto -misi -missum, 3. (in and mitt<~>).
I. to send in, cause or allow to go in. A. Lit.,
1, servos ad spoliandum fanum, Cic. ; corpus in
undam, Ov.; naves pice completes in classem
Pompeianam, let loose against, Caes. ; 2, esp., a,
milit. 1. 1., to despatch, let go; equitatum, Caes.; se
in hostes, toatiack, Cic; b, to discharge, shoot;
tela in aliquem, Caes.; c, to sink into," let into;
tigna machinationibus in fiunien, Caes. ; d, to
conduct, convey; aquam canalibus, Caes.; e, to
engraft; feraces plantes, Verg.; f, to work in;
lentum Ji lis aurum, Ov. ; g, legal t. t., to put
into , possession of property; tu praetor in mea
bona quos voles immittes? Cie. B. Transf., 1,
hie corrector in eo ipso loco, quo re prebend it,
immittit imprudens ipse senarium, lets slip in,
Cic; 2, esp., a, to send, incite; immissus in
rempublicam, Cic; b, to cause ; Teucris fugam
atrumque timorem, ^erg. II. A. to let free;
jilga, Verg. ; frena, Verg. ; habenas classi, to
crowd on sail, Verg. B. to let grow; palrnes
laxis immissus habenis, Verg. ; capilli, Ov.
immissus -a -um Ximmitto), long, uncut;
barba, Verg.
immixtus or immistus, v. immisceo.
immo (imo), adv. (for ipsimo), yea, yes, or
nay rather; often with etiam, vero, enimvero,
magis, potius,etc; vivit! immo in senatum venit,
nay more, he comes into the senate, Cic. ; causa
non bona est? immo optima, yea, the very best,
Cic; fainiliarem? Immo alieiiissimum, nay, but
rather, Cic; non necesse esse? immo prorsus
ita censeo, nay, on the contrary, Cic
immobilis -e (in and mobilis), 1, immov-
able; terra, Cic; 2, transf., precibus, inexor-
able, Tac; Ausonia, not agitated by war, Verg.
, immoderate, adv. (immoderatus), 1, with-
out rule or measure ; mover! immoderate et
fortuito, Cic; 2, immoderately, intemperately;
vivere, Cic.
imm5deratio -onis, f. (immoderatus),
want of moderation, excess, intemperance ; efl'erri
immoderatione verborum, Cic.
immoderatus -a -um (in and moderatus),
1, without, measure, immeasurable, endless;
cursus, Cic. ; 2, transf., immoderate, intemperate,
unbridled, unrestrained; libertas, Cic. ; oratio,
Cic.
lmmodeste; adv. (iinmodestus), immode-
rately, unbecomingly; immodice inimodesteque
gloriari Hannibalo victo a se, Liv.
lmmddestia -ae, f. (immodestus), 1, in-
temperate conduct; publicanoruin, Tac; 2, in-
subordination ; militum vestrorum, Nep.
immodestus -a -um (in and inodestus), in-
temperate , unbridled ; genus Jocandi, Cic,
immodice, adv. (immodicus), immoderately,
intemperately; hac potestate inrfhodice ac
superbe usnm esse, Liv.
immodicus -a -um (in and modicus), im-
moderate, excessive ; 1, lit., frigus, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
unrestrained, unbridled ; a, of persons, with in
and the abl., in augendo mune.ro, Liv.; with
abl., immodicus linguii, Liv.; with' genii.,
laetitiae, Tac. ; b, of things, imperia, Liv. ;
cupido, Liv.
immodiilatus -a -um (in and modulatiis),
inharmonious, Hor.
immoenis, v. immunis.
immolatio -onis, f. (immolo), a sacrificing,
immolation ; in ipso immolationis tempore, Cic.
immolator -Oris, m. (immolo), a sacrificer,
Cic.
immolitus -a -um (in and molior), built up,
erected ; quae in loea publiea inacdillcata im-
molitave privati habebant, Liv.
immolo, 1. (in and molo), orig., to sprinkle
with sacred meal ; hence, to sacrifice, immolate.
A. Lit., bovem Dianae, vitnluni Musis, Cic. ;
with abl. nf the victim, Jovi singulis bubus,
Liv. ; absol., in Capitolio, Liv. B. Transf., to
devote to death, slay ; aliquem, Verg.
immo n or -mortuus, 3. ilep. (in and morior),
to die in or upon ; sorori, mi his sister's body,
Ov.; Euxinis aquis, Ov. ; transf., studiis, to work
oneself to death over, Hor.
immoror, 1. (in and inoror), tc stay, remain,
linger in a place, l'lin.
immorsus -a -um (in and mordeo). I.
bitten into, bitten ; iuiiuorso collo, Pi - op, II.
Transf., macerated (by sharp, biting food) ; stom-
aehus, Hor.
immortalis -e (in and mortalis), deathless,
immortal. A. Lit., dii, Cic. ; subst., im-
mortalis -is, m. an immorta . Cic. B.
Transf., a, everlasting, imperishable ; meinoria
et gloria, Cic; amicitiae immortales, inimicitiae
mortales esse debent, Liv. ; b, happy beyond
measure, divinely blessed Prop.
immortalitas -atis, f. (immortalis), immor-
tality; 1, lit., animoruni, Cic; 2, transf., a,
everlasting renown, an immortality of fame;
gloriae, Cic; immortalitati eommendare or tra-
Sere, to make immortal, Cic; b, the highest happi>
n ess, Ter.
immortaliter, adv. (immortalis), infinitely •
gaudeo, Cic.
immotus -a -um (in and motus), unmoved,
motionless. I. Lit., a, of things, arbores, un-
disturbed, Liv. ; dies, calm, windless, Tac. ; with
ab and the abl., portus ab accessu ventoiimi
immotus, Verg. ; b, of persons, stat gravis En-
tellus nisuque immotus eodem, Verg. ; esp. o)
soldiers in battle, adversus incitetes turmas
stetit iminota Samnitium acies, Liv. II,
Transf., a, unchanged, unbroken ; pax, Tac. ;
h, fixed, firm, steadfast; mens, fata, Verg.
immugio, 4. (in and mugio), to bellow, roar,
resound in, ; iminugiit Aetna cavernis, Verg.
immulgeo, 2. (in anfl mulgeo), to milk into;
teneris immulgens ubera labris, Verg.
immunditia-ae, f. (immundus), uncleanness,
Impurity, Plant.
immundus -a -um (in and 1. ninndus), mm.
clean, impure, foul; humus, CicLCanis, Hor.;
transf, dicta, Hor.
immunlo, 4. (in ami munio), to fortify, Tac.
immunis -e (in and munis, from rout MUN,
whence also nmnus, munia), free, exempt; 1,
with reference to the state, agcr, tax-free, Cic ;
militiS, ereinv t from military service, Liv. ; with.
imm
263
imp
frcnit., portoriorum, Liv. ; iinmniies militariuni
operum, Liv. ; 2, gen., a, free from work: with
genit., immunis operuni, Ov. ; b, contributing
nothing ; fucus, Verg. ; 11011 ego te meis ini-
immein nieditor tingere poculis, Hor. ; quem
scis immunem Cynarac placuisse rapaci, with-
out gifts, Hor.; c, inactive, Cic. ; d, free from ;
with genit., mali, Ov. ; absol., maims, stainless,
Hor.
immunitas -atis, f. (immunis), 1. exemption
from public offices or burdens; with genit., omnium
reium, Caes. ; plur., immunitates dare, Cic. ;
2, immunity, exemption; inagni muneris, Cic.
irnmunitus -a -urn (in and munitus), 1, un-
fortified; oppida castellaque, Liv. ; 2, unpaved;
via, Cic.
immurmuro, 1. (in and murmuro), to mur-
mur in. or at ; silvis imniunnurat Auster, Verg.
immutabilis -e (in and mntabilis), im-
mutable, unchangeable ; aeternitas, Cic.
immutabilltas -atis, f. (immutabilis), im-
mutability, Cic.
immutatio -5uis, f. (immuto), 1, a change,
alteration; ordinis, Cic. ; 2, metonymy, Cic.
1. immutatus -a -um (in and muto), un-
changed, Cic.
2. immutatus -a -um, partic. of immuto.
immuto, 1. (in and muto), 1, to change,
alter ; ordinem verbormn, Cic. ; aliquid de in-
stitutes priorum, Cic. ; of persons, prosperis
rebus immutari, Cic. ; 2, a, in rhetoric, to use by
way of metonymy ; Ennius pro Afris immutat
Afrieam, Cic. ; b, to use allcgorically ; immutata
oratio, allegory, Cic.
imo = immo (q.v.).
impacatus -a -um (in and pacatus), warlike,
disinclined to peace, restless, Verg.
impallesco, -palliii, 3. (in and pallesco), to
grow pale over; nocturnis chartis, Pers.
impar -paris (in aud par), 1, a, unequal,
uneven; par et impar ludere, to play at odd and
even, Hor. ; modi impares, hexameter and penta-
meter, Ov. ; si toga dissidet impar, sits awry,
Ilor. ; numeri impares an aequales, Cic. ; b,
transf., different, Cic. ; 2, a, unequal in strength,
not a match for ; impar congressus Achilli, Verg.;
certainen, Ov. ; b, of unequal birth, of inferior
birth ; maternum genus impar, Tac. (abl. sing,
gen. impari, but impare, Verg. Eel. 8. 75).
imparatus -a -um (in and paratus), unpre-
pared; quum a militibus, turn a pecunia, un-
provided,- with, Cic. ; inermis atque imparatus,
Caes.
impiiriter.adv. (impar),«ne?/eiify, unequcdly,
Hor.
impartio, impartlor = impertio, imper-
tior (q.v.).
impastus -a -um (in and pasco), unfed,
hungry ; leo, Verg.
impatibllis (impe'tibflis) -e (in and pati-
bilis), intolerable, insufferable ; dolor, Cic.
impatiens -entis (in and patiens), unable to
bear or to endure, impatient; a, of persons,
laborum, Ov. ; vulneris, Verg. ; solis, Tac. ; irae,
wrathful, Tac. ; b, applied to inanimate objects,
cera impatiens calons, Ov. ; absol., impatiens
animus, Ov.
impatlenter adv. (impatiens), impatiently,
unwillingly, Tac.
impatientia -ae f. (impatiens), impatience,
inability to endure; silentii impatientiam, Tac.
impavide, adv. (impavidus), fearlessly, un-
dauntedly, Liv.
Jmp&vldus -a -um (jn and pavjdus), fear-
less, courageous, undaunted ; vir, Hor. ; pectora,
Liv. i
impedimentum -i, n. (impedio). I. a
hindrance, impediment ; impedimentum alicui
facere, inferre, Cic. ; afferre, Tac. ; esse impedi-
menti loco, or impedimento, Caes. ; Gallis
magno ad pugnain erat impedimento quod, etc. r
Caes. II. Esp., in plur., the lieavy baggage of an
army or traveller, carried in waggons or on beasts
of burden (sarcina, the soldier's knapsack); im-
pedimenta et sarcinas invadere, Liv. ; impedi-
menta exspectanda sunt quae Anngnia veuiunt,
Cic.
impedio -ivi and -li -itum, 4. (in and PED,
TIEA, whence also ped-s (pes), 7ro5-s (n-oJs),
ned -au). I. to entangle, ensnare. A. Lit.
crura visceribus ; esp., to render a place impass-
able; saltuni munitionibus, Liv. B. Transf.,
1, to embarrass, involve, Tac. ; mentem dolore,
Cic. ; 2, to hinder, impede, prevent, obstruct;.
aliquem, Cic. ; iter, Liv. ; with ab and the abl.,
se a suo munere non impedit, Cic. ; with abl.,
ne me dicendo impediat, Cic; non or nOiil im-
pedire, foil, by quominus and the subj., Cic;
impedire, full, by ne and the subj., Cic. ; aliquid
aliquem impedit, with intin., Cic. ; with ad and
the ace gerund, Caes. ; with in and the abl.,
Caes. II. to surround, wrap round; caput
myrto, Hor. ; equos frenis, to bridle, Ov.
impeditio -onis, f. (impedio), a hindering,
hindrance; animus liber omni impeditione cura-
rum, Cic.
impeditus -a -um (impedio), hindered, im-
peded. T. Lit., a, esp. as milit. 1. 1., hindered
by baggage, not ready for battle (opp. expeditus);
miles, Caes. ; b, of places, impassable, difficult
of access; silva, Caes. II. Transf., a, hindered,
encumbered; solutio, Cie. ; impeditis animis,
busy, Caes. ; b, troublesome; impeditus aucillarum
puerorumque coinitatus, Cic. ; c, embarrassed ;
temporal reipublioie, Cic.
impello -piili -pulsum, 3. (in and pello). I.
to strike, strike upon; chordas, Ov. ; inaternas
impulit aures luctus Aristaei, Verg. II. to push
forward. A. to set in motion, drive on; 1,
lit., navcm remis, Verg. ; aliquem in fugam,
Cic; 2, transf., a, aliquem in hunccasum, Cic;
b, to incite, urge on, impel; aliquem ad scelus,
Cic; aliquem ut, etc., Cic; aliquem with inftn.,
Liv. B. to throw to the ground; 1, esp. as
milit. t. t., to make to yield, to rout ; hostes,
Liv. ; 2, transf., aliquem praecipitantem, to
give a push to some one falling, to complete a per-
son's ruin, Cic
impendeo, 2. (in and pendeo), to hang over,
overhang. A. Lit., cervicibus, Cic. ; saxum
impendere Tantalo, Cic. B. Transf., to impend
or hang over menacingly, to threaten, be close at
hand ; in me terrores impendent, Cic. ; omnibus
teiror impendet, Cic. ; magnum etiam bellum
impendet a Parthis, Cic.
impendio, adv. (iiupendium), much, very
much; with comparatives, magis, far more, Cic
impendium -li, n. (impendo), 1, expense,
expenditure, outlay, cost; impendio publico, at
the public expense, Liv. ; sine impendio, Cic. ; 2,
interest of money, Cic.
impendo -pendi -pensum, 3. (in and pendo),
to expend, lay out; 1, lit., i>ecuniam in aliquam.
rem, Cic. ; 2, transf., ad incertum casum et
eventum certus quotannis labor et certus sump,
tus impenditur, Cic.
impenetrabilis -o (in and penctrabilis), 1,
impenetrable ; silex impenetrabilis ferro, Liv. ;
tegimen adversus ictus impenetrable, Tac ;
2, unconquerable, invincible, Tap,
impensa, -ae, f, (impensns -a -«m from
imp
264
imp
pe
impendo), expense, outlay, cost; 1, lit., impen-
sam facere in aliquici, Cic. ; nulla, impensa, Cic;
2, transf., applied to other than pecuniary out-
lay, cruoris, Ov. ; operum, Verg.
impense, adv. (impensus). I. at great cost,
Pers. II. Transf., urgently, eagerly, pressing! y ;
orare, Liv. ; nunc eo facio id impensius, Cic.
impensus -a -niu, p. adj. (from impendo), 1,
lit., of price, considerable, great ; iiupenso prctio,
Cic. ; absol., impenso, at a, high price, Hor. ; 2,
transf., strong, vehement; voluntas erga aliquem,
Liv. ; voluntas bonorum, Cic.
imperator -oris, m. (impero), a commander,
leader. I. Lit., A. Gen., populus est imperator
omnium gentium, Cic. ; vitae, Sail. B. the com-
mander-in-chief of an army, Cic. ; hence, a title
given to a general after a great success by the
army and senate, Cic. ; added as a title to the
name, e.g. Cn. Pompeio Cn. P. Magno impeiatori,
Cic. II. Transf., A. name of Jupiter, Cic. B.
after Julius Caesar, a name of the Roman em-
perors ; imperator Augustus, Suet.; and absol.,
= the Roman emperor, Suet.
imperatorius -a -um (imperator). 1, of or
relating to a general; nomen, Cic. ; jus, laus,
labor, Cie. ; 2, imperial ; uxor, Tac.
imporfltrix -icis f. (imperator), a female
ruler or commander ; (sarcastically), a general in
2>etticoats, Cic.
lmperceptus -a -um (in and percipio), un-
rceived, unlcnown ; fraus, Ov.
impercussus -a -uin (in and percutio), not
struck; impercussos noete movere pedes, noise-
less, Ov.
impcrditus -a -um(in and perdo), not slain,
vndestroyed, Verg.
Imperfectus -a -um (in and perlicio). in-
complete, unfinished, imperfect; verba, Ov. ;
reliquuin corpus imperfectuni ac rude relinquere,
Cic. ; neut. subst., imperfecto nee absoluto simile
pulchrum esse nihil potest, Cic.
imperfossus -a -um (in and perfodio), un-
slubbed, unpierced; ab omni ictu, Ov.
impcridsus -a -uin (imperium), 1, powerful,
mighty, potent ; populus, Cic. ; virga, the fasces,
Ov.; sibi, master of oneself, Hot.; 2, masterful,
imperious, tyrannical; philosophus, Cic. ; cupid-
itas, Cic.
imperite, adv. with compar. and superl.
(iinperitus), -unskilfully, iguoranlly, clumsily;
imperite absurdeque Actum, Cic. ; quid potuit
-dici imperitius, Cic.
imperitia -ae, f. (iinperitus), want of skill
and knowledge, inexperience, ignorance; with
subject, genit., juvenum, Tac.
impSrito, 1 . (in tens, of impero). I. Transit.,
to command ; nequam rem imperito, Hor. II.
In transit., to have power over; si Nero im-
perilaret, Tac. ; with dat, oppido, Liv.
imperitus -a -um (in and peritus), unskilled,
inexperienced, ignorant; with genit., juris civ-
ilisnon iinperitus, Cic. ; absol., homines imperiti,
Cic.
imperium -li, n. (impero). I. an order,
command ; accipere, to receive, Liv. ; exsequi, to
execute, Verg. II. the right or power of com-
manding, power, mastery, command. A. Gen.,
domesticum, Cic. ; animi imperio, corporis ser-
vitio magis utimur, the mind as a master, the
body as a slave, Sail. B. Ksp., 1, the government
or supreme authority in a state; cadere sub P.
R. imperium, Cic. ; sub P. R. imperium re-
digere, Cic. ; de imperio decertare, dimicare,
Cic.-, of magistracies, in imperio esse, to hold
an office, Cic; cum lmpcrjo esse, to have un-
limited power, Cic; 2, military power or com-
mand; summum imperium, Cic; maritimum.
chief naval command, Caes. ; iiuperia magistra-
tusque, civil and military honours, Nep. ; alicul
imperium prorogate, Cic C. Meton., 1, the per-
son or persons exercising authority ; erat plena
lictorum et hnperiorum provineia, Caes. ; im-
pcria et potcstatcs, military anil civil authori-
ties, Cic; 2, the country governed, an empire;
allium imperii nostri propagatio, Cic.
imperjuratus -a -um (in and perjuro), that
by which no one has sworn or dares to swear
falsely ; aquae, the Styx, Ov.
impermissus-a -um (in and penn'tto), for-
bidden, Hor.
impero, I. (in and paro), to order, command.
1. Gen., with act!., quae imperarentur facere dix-
erunt, Caes. ; partic subst., Imperatum -i, n.
that which has been commanded; imperatum, or
imperata facere, Caes. ; with infill., flectere iter
sociis, Verg. ; pass, in tin., in easdein lautumias
etiam ex ceteris oppidis deduci imperantur,
Cic. ; with ace. and infill., esp. with ace and
pass, infln., Cic; with ut and the subj., Cic;
ne and the subj., Caes.; with the subj. alone,
stringerent ferrum imperavit, Liv. II. Ksp.,
A. 1, to rule over, govern, command; Jugurtha
omni Numidiae imperare parat, Ball. ; adesse ad
iniperanduni, Cic; tig., sibi, Cic; cupiditatibns,
Cic ; 2, transf., of agriculture, to work at ; arvis,
compel to produce crops, Verg. B. to order some
action; 1, of private life, cenam, Cic ; 2, polit.
and niilit. t.t., to enjoin, prescribe, make a requisi-
tion for; frumentum sibi in cellani, Cic. ; anna,
Caes. ; (archaic form imperassit = iniperaverit,
Cic).
imperterritus -a -um (in and perterreo),
undaunted, fearless, Verg.
impertio (in-partio) -ivi and -ii -itum (im-
pertior, dep.), 4. to impart, communicate, share,
bestow, give; a, alicni de aliqua re or aliquid,
indigentibus de re familiari, Cic. ; alicui civi-
tatem, Cic ; teinpus cogitationi, Cic. ; b, ali-
quem aliqua re, Plaut., Ter. ; partic. subst.,
impertita -orum, n. favours, concessions, Liv.
impcrturbatus -a -um (in and perturbo),
undisturbed, calm; OS, Ov.
impervius -a -um (in and pervius), impass-
able, impervious; iter, Tac; aninis, Ov.
impes -pfitis, m. (in and peto) = impetus,
attack, onset, force ; impete vasto ferri, Ov.
impetibilis -c = impatibilis (q.v.).
impctrabilia -e (impetro), 1, pass., easy of
attainment, attainable ; venia, Liv. ; pax, Liv. ;
2, act., that obtains easily, successful; orator,
Plant. ; transf., dies, oh which wishes have been
fulfilled, Plant,
impetratio -ouis, f. (impetro), an obtaining
by asking, Cic
impetrio, 4. (desider. of impetro), to seek to
obtain, a good omen, to obtain by favourable omens,
Cic.
impetro, 1. (in and patro), to get, obtain,
accomplish, effect, as a result of effort or entreaty ;
optatuni, to get one's wish, Cic; alicui civitatem
(citizenship) a Caesare, Cic. ; with ut and the
subj., impetrabis a Caesare, ut tibi abesse liceat,
Cic. ; absol., haec si tecum patria loquatur,
nonne Impetrare debeat? Cic.
impetus -lis, m. (impes), violent impulse,
rapid motion, violence. I. qiilnqtiereinis prae-
lata impetll, Liv. II. attack, assault, charge.
A. Lit., 1, impetum (facere in hostes, Caes. ;
excipere, sustinere, ferre, to receive an attack,
Caes. ; impetum dare, to attack, Liv. ; primo
impetu puis}, C?,es.; 2, of things, force, via.-
imp
lence; In magno impetu maris atque apetto,
Caes. B. Transf., 1, of persons, a, impulse,
force; impetus divinus, inspiration, Cic. ; b, in-
clination, violent desire; imperii deleudi, Cic;
c, violence; impetu magis quani consilio, Liv. ;
2, of tilings, tanti bellMmpetus, Cic.
inipexus -a -uiu (in and pecto), 1, uncombed,
Verg. ; 2, transf., rude, uncouth, Tac.
impie, adv. (impius), impiously, wickedly ;
aliquid impie scelerateqne committere, Cic.
lmpietas -atis, f. (impius), impiety, irreli-
gion, ungodlitiess; a, gen., Cic. ; b, esp., treason
ami list the emperor, Tac.
impiger -gra -gnim (in and piger), unsloth-
. fid, diligent, act ire ; in scribendo, Cic; adlabores
belli, Cic. ; militia, Liv. ; with genit., militiae,
Tac. ; with infln., hostium vexare turmas, Hor.
impigre, adv. (impiger), actively, quickly;
impigre promittere auxdium, Liv.
impigritas -atis, f. (impiger), activity,
quickness, Cic.
irapingo -pegi -pactum, 3. (in and pango),
to strike, beat, dash, drive, push against. I. Lit.,
uncuin alieui, Cic. ; litoribus impactus, Tac.
II. Transf., A. to press upon one, to thrust into
one's hand; alieui calicem mulsi, Cic; alieui
epistolam, Cic. B. to drive against; agmina
muris, Verg. ; hostes in vallum, Tac.
impio, 1. (impius), to render sinful, defile with
sin ; se, to sin, Plaut.
impius -a -urn (in and pius), impious, god-
less, reprobate, unduliful, unpatriotic. I. Lit.,
civis, Cic. ; subst, nefarius impiusque, Cic.
II. Transf., of things, bellum, Cic. ; arma,
Verg.
implacabilis -e (in and placabilis), implac-
able, irreconcileable ; alieui, Liv. ; in aliquem,
Cic. ; of things, iracundiae, Cic.
implacabllius, adv. in compar. (implaca-
bilis), more implacably; implacabilius alieui
irasci, Tac.
implacatus -a -um (in and placo), unap-
prised, unsatisfied; Chary bdis, Verg.
Implacidus -a -nm (in and plaeidus), rough,
rude, harsh, savage, fierce ; genus, Hor.
implecto -plexi -i>lexum, 3. (in and plecto),
to interweave, weave, or twist with, or into; 1,
lit., implexae crinibus angues Eumenides, wliose
hair is interivoven with serpents, Verg. ; 2,
transf., vidua implexa luctu continuo, plunged
in, Tac.
imploo -plevi-pleturn, 2. (inand*pleo), to fill,
fill up, Jill full. I. A. Gen., a, lit., fossas, Liv. ;
with aid., gremium l'rnstis, Cic; mero pateram,
Verg. ; with genit., ollam denariorum, Cic; with
de, volumina de istis rebus, Cic. ; b, transf.,
urbein lamentis, Liv. ; implere aures alicuiUB
Liv. B. Esp., 1, to fill with food, satiate; im-
plentur veteris Bacchi piuguisque ferinae.Verg.;
2, to make pregnant, Ov. ; 3, to fill a certain
measure, to complete a number ; impleta ut essent
sex milia armatorum, Liv. ; of the moon, luna
qn&ter jnnctisimplerat cornibus orbem, htulcom-
pleted its circle, Ov. II. Fig. A. omnia terrore,
Liv. B. Esp., 1, to satisfy, content ; sese regum
sanguine, Cic. ; 2, to complete ; quater undenos
decembres, to have lived through, Hor. ; 3, to
occupy a position ; locum principem, Tac ; 4, to
fulfil,' perform; offlcium scribendi, Cic. ; lata,
Liv.
implexus -a um, partic. of implecto.
implicatio -onis,f.(implico), an intertivining,
interweaving ; 1, lit., nervorum, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
a, a weaving together; locorum comnmiiium,
Cic. ; b, embarrassment; rei familiaris, Cic .
9* "
265 imp
implicatus -a -inn, p. adj. (from implico),
confused, entangled; partes orationis, Cic.
impliciscor, 3. dep. (implico), to become
confused, disordered, Plaut.
implicite, adv. (implicitus), confusedly, Cic.
implico -plfcui -pllcltum and -pllcavi -pile-
atom, 1. (in and plico). I. to enfold, enwrap,
entangle. A. Gen., 1, lit., se dextrne, to cling to,
Verg. ; implicari remis, Liv. ; 2, transf., ini-
plicari or implicare se aliqua re, to be entangled
in, engaged in ; implicari morbo or in morbuiii,
to be attacked by, Caes. ; negotiis, Cic. ; se soeie-
tate civium, Cic B. to confuse, perplex; a,
implicare ac perturbare aciem, Sail. ; b, aliquem
incertis responsis, Liv. II. A. to twine around ;
brachia collo, Verg. B. to weave around, to
surround ; tempora ramo, Verg. .'.
imploratio -onis, f. (imploro), an imploring
for help; with subject, genit., illius, Cic; with
object, genit., dei\m, Liv.
imploro, 1. (in and ploro). I. to call upon
with tears or entreaties. A. Gen., nomen illii,
Cic. B. Esp., to beseech, implore; deos, Cic;
alicuius auxiliuin, fidem, misericordiam, Cic
II. to ask for; auxilium ab aliquo, Cic, Caes.;
with ne and the subj., Caes.
implumis -e (in and pluma), unfledged;
pulli, Hor.; fetus (avis), Verg. ■ •
impliio -plui, 3. (in and pluo), to rain upon ;
with dat., Peneus snmmis aspergine silvis im-
pluit, Ov.
impluvium -ii, n. (impluo), a square basin,
in the floor of the atrium of a Roman house, in
which the rain-water, coming through the com-
pluvium, was received, Cic
impolite, adv. (impolitus), plainly, without
ornament ; dicere, Cic.
impolitus -a -um (in and polio), rough, un-
polished, unrefined, inelegant ; forma ingenii ad-
niodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic; res, un-
finished, Cic.
impollutus -a -um (in and polluo), un~
polluted, undefiled, Tac.
lmpdno -pdsiii -p5situm, 3. (in and pono).
I. tn put, set, lay, place in ; aliquem sepnlero,
to bury, Ov. ; coloniam in ngro Saiiinitium, Liv.;
pittesidium Abydi, at Abydos, Liv. II. to put,
lay, place upon. A. Lit., l f gen., alieui coronam,
Cic. ; dextram in caput, Liv.; aliquem in rogum,
Cic, rogo, Verg. ; 2, esp. as naut. t. t., im-
ponere in naves or simply imponere, to put on.
ship, to em&arfc,'«-legiones equitesque in naves,
Caes.; exercitum Brundisii, Cic B. Transf., 1,
to put over as master ; regem Macedoniae, con-
sulem populo, Cic ; 2, to lay upon as a burden,
impose; frenos animo alicuius, Liv. ; alieui onus,
Cic ; invidiam belli consuli, Sail. ; 3, to impose
upon, cheat, deceive; witlidat., Catonicgregie, Cic
III. to place on. A. Lit., claves portis, Liv. B.
Transf., 1, nianum extremam (summam, supre-
main) alieui rei, to put the last touch to, Verg. ;
lineni imponere alieui rei, Liv. ; moduin alieui
rei, to put bounds to, Liv. ; 2 f to aild ; a,'aliiui
nomen imponere (with genit. or ace. of the
name); b, inabad sense, tocause; aliaiii vulnus,
Cic (partac. peif. syncop. impostus, Verg.).
importo, 1. (in and porto), 1, to bring in,
import; vinuin ad se importari omnino non
sinunt, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, to bring in, intro-
duce; iinportatis artibus, foreign, Cic; b, to
bring upon, cause; alieui detrinientum, Cic
importune, adv. (importunus), unseason-
ably, rudely, violently ; insistere, Cic.
importunitas -atis, f. (importunus), rude-
ness, impoliteness, insolence, incivility: aninii,
Cic.
imp
266
imp
importunus -a -am (in and POR-o, PORT-o,
whence portus, porta, etc.), 1, lit., unsuitable, ill-
adapted; loca machhiationibus, Sail.; 2. transf.,
a, of time, unfavourable ; tenipus, Cic ; b, of
circumstances, troublesome, burdensome, oppress-
ive; pauperies, Hor. ; c, rude, uncivil, unman-
nerly, churlish, savage; mulier, hostis, libido,
Cic.
Impcrtuosus -a -nm (in and portuosus),
without harbours; mare, Sail. ; litns, Liv.
Impos -pdti.s (in and POT, whence also
potis), having no power over ; nnimi, Plant.
imposltus -a -urn, partic. of iinpono.
impotens -entis (in and pot ens). I. weaky
impotent, having no power; homo, Cic. ; plur.
subst impotentes -inm, the weak, Cic. II.
having no power over, not master of. A. Gen.
with genit., equi regendi, Liv. ; irae, Liv. B.
iiuable. to command- one's passions, violent, un-
restrained, furious, outrageous; a, lit., homo,
Cic. ; animus, Cio. ; b, transf., of the passions
themselves, unbridled ; ii\]m\a., Liv.; laetitia, Cic
impot enter, adv. (impotens), 1, weakly,
powerlessly ; elephantos impotentius .jaan rcgi,
Liv. ; 2, intemperately, passionately, Liv.
impdtentia -ae, f. (impotens). I. impotence,
Ter. II. passionateness, ttngovernablencss, in-
temperance, extravagant passion ; animi, Cic.
impraesentlarum (for in praesent.ia re-
rum), in present circumstances, for the, present, at
present, Nep., Tac.
impransus -a -nm (in and pransus), that
has not breakfasted, fasting, Hor.
imprecor, 1. dep. (in and precor), to unsh
any thing for any one, to call down upon, to im-
precate ; litora litoribus eontraria, Yerg. ; alicni
diras, Tac.
impresslo -Cnis, f. (irapriiuo), 1, in rhe-
toric, a, a distinct expression, emphasis, stress of
voice; explanata vocum inipressio, Cic.; b, im-
prcssiones, raising and lowering of the voice, Cic;
2, philosoph. t. t., the impressions of outward
things received through the senses, Cic. ; 3, a
pressing-in-vpon, an attack, assault; non ferre
imprcssionem Latinorum, Liv. ; of political con-
tests, me vi et impressione evertere, Cic.
imprimis, adv. (in and primus), especially,
first of all, principally, Cic.
imprimo -pre'ssi -pressum, ?,. (in and
premo), to press in or on. I. Gen., to proa upon,
press into; impresso genu, Verg. II. a, to press
into, impress, drive in; aratrum muris, Hor. ;
sulcum altins, Cic. ; b, esp., to stamp, make a
mark; sigilluin in coi-.i, Cic; c, transf., as
philosoph. t. t., of ideas, etc., to impress on the
mind; quum visa in animis imprimantnr, Cic. ;
d, to seal; signo suo impressae tabellae, Liv. ;
e, to inlay, cover; cratera iinpressum signis,
chased, embossed, Verg. ; f, tig., quae quum
viderem tot vestigiis inipressa, Cic.
improbatio -Cmis, f. (improbo), disappro-
bation, blame ; improbatione hominis uti, Cic.
improbe, adv. (improbus), 1, wrongly, dis-
honestly, wickedly ; dicere, facere, Cic. ; 2, wan-.
tonly, impudently; improbissime rcspondeie,
Cic.
improbitas -stis, f. (improbus), badness,
wickedness, depravity; alicuius, Cic; applied to
animals, simiae (roguery), Cic.
' Improbo, 1. (in and probo), to disapprove,
hlame, find fault with, reject ; multorum opera,
Cic. ; with double ace, aiiquem testem, Cic.
improbulus -a -urn (dim. of improbus),
someivhat bad, wicked, Juv.
improbus -a -um (in and probus). I. bad,
poor; 1, lit., defensio, Cic. ; 2, transf., morally
bad, wicked, depraved, reprobate: homo, Cic;
lex, Cic. ; subst., a rogue, Cic. II. beyond mea-
sure; a, beyond the usualsize, enormous, 'immense ;
labor, never-ending, Verg. ; rabies ventris, i'uvi-
tiable hunger, Verg. ; anser, angnis, voracious,
Verg.; b, transf. (a) mi schievous ; puer, Verg.;
(0) bold; Aeneas, Verg.; shameless, Impudent;
siren, Hor. ; (y) lascivious, lewd ; eannina, Ov.
Improccrus -a -uin (in and procerns), small,
low of stature. ; pecora, Tac.
impromptus -a -um (in and promptnsj,
not ready, not quick; lingua, slow of speech, Liv.
improperatiis -a -um (in and propero), not
hasty, slov: ; vestigia,. Verg. . '
improsper -era -eruin (in and prosper), un-
fortunate, unprospergus ; claritudo, Tac.
improspere, adv. (imprrispev), liripros-
perously, unluckily, Tac.
.improvide, adv. (improvidus), without fore-
thought, iuiprovidently, Liv.
improvidus -a -um (in and providus). I.
not foreseeing; improvidos iucdutosque hostes
opprimcre, Liv. ; with genit., improvidus lulnii
certaminis, Liv. . II. without forethought, in-
cautious, heedless, improvident ; duces, Cic. ;
improvidi et creduli senes, Cic. ; with genit.,
improvidus futuri, Tac; transf., of things, ini-
provida aetas (puerorum), Cic.
improviso, adv. (iinprovisus), suddenly, wn-
expecledly, Cic.
improvisus -a -um (in and provideo), un-
foreseen, unanticipated, unexpected, sudden ; res,
Cic ; adventus, Cic. ; de or ex improviso, or
improviso, suddenly, unexpectedly, Cic.
imprudens -cutis (in and prudens). I. nut
foreseeing, not expecting, not knowing; aiiquem
imprudentem aggredl, to attack unawares, Caes.;
imprudente Sulla, without the Knowledge of Sulla.
II. a, ignorant of, not acquainted with ; iegis.Cic;
maris, Liv. ; b, unwise, rush, imprudent, Tac.
imprudenter, ndv. (Imprudens), 1. ignnr-
antly, unwittingly, unawares, through ignorance,
Cic; 2, imprudently, inconsiderately ; nihil im-
prudenter facere, ap. Cic.
imprudentia -ae. f. (imprudens). I. ah-
sence of design; telimissi,Cic; quo neimpruden-
tiain quidem oculorum adjici fas fuit, cast a look
unawares, Cic. II. 1, ignorance of; eventus,
Liv. ; 2, want of foresight, imprudence, inad-
vertence ; per imprudent iam, from imprudence,
Cic ; propter imprudentiam labi, Caes.
impubCS -beds and impubis -e (in and
pnbes), below the age of puberty, under age,
youthful; Alius, Cic; anni, Ov. ; genae, beard-
less, Verg. ; qui diutissime impuberes permaiis-
crunt, retained their chastity, Caes. ; plur., im-
puberes or impubes, boys, Liv., Caes:
impudens -entis (in and pndens), not
ashamed, shameless, impudent; tu es impudens I
Cic. ; transf., mendacium, Cic; invpndentissimao
literae, Cic.
impudenter, adv. withcompar. and super],
(impudens), shamelessly, impudently ; mentiri,
Cic.
impudentia -ae, f. (impudens), shameless-
ness, impudence, Cic.
impudicitia -ae, f. (impudicus), lewdness,
incontinence, nnchastity, Tac.
impudicus -a -um (in and jiudicus), un*
chaste, lewd, incontinent ; homo, Cic. ; transf.,
P. Clodii imperatoris impudentia, Cic.
impugnatio -onto, f. (impugno), an assault,
attack, Cic.
impugno, 1. (in and pugno), to attack, as*
Imp
2G7
ina
sault, assail. I. Lit., as railit. 1. 1., terga
liostiura, Liv. ; absol., Caes. II. Transf., a,
to contend, struggle against any one, attack, as-
sail; regem, Sail. ; b, to assail with words; dig-
nitatem alicuius, Cic. ; sententiam, Tac. '
impulsio -<3nis, f. (impello), 1, an external
influence or force, an impression or impulse from
without, Clc. ; 2, an instigation, incitement, im-
pulse ; omnis ad omnem animi motum impulsio,
Cic. '• • **'" ' '
impulsor -5ris, m. (impello), are instigator,
inciter ; profectionis meae, Cic. ; Caesara im-
pulsorc atque auctore, Cic. .
impulsus -us, m. (impello). I. an outward
force, shock, pressure; scutorum, Cic. II. 1,
an incitement, instigation; impulsuimeo, suo,
vestro, Cic. ; 2, an inward impulse, sudden pas-
sion, Cic.
impune (impunis, from in and poena), adv.
with impunity, without punishment. A. Lit.,
faccre, Cic. ; ferrc, to go unpunished, Cic; non
impune abire, Caes. B. Tranaf., without peril,
safely ; in otio esse, Cic. ; revisers aequor, Hor.
impunitas -atis, f. (impunis). A. Lit.,
impunity, exemption from punishment ; peccandi,
Cic. ; alicui veniam et impunitatem dare, Cic. ;
impunitas non modo a jnclicio, sed etiam a ser-
mone, Cic. B. Transf., freedom, licence; flagiti-
orum, Cic. ; superfluens juvenili quadam im-
punitate et licentia, Cic.
impunite, adv. (impunitus), with impunity,
Cic.
impunitus -a -tun (in and punitus). A. un-
punished, exempt from punishment; inultorum
impunita scelera ferre, Cic. ; si istius haec
injuria impunita diseesserit, Cic. ; aliquem im-
punitum dimittere, Sail. B. Transf., unbridled,
unrestrained ; mendacium, Cic. ; omnium rerum
libertas, Cic.
impuratus -a -urn (impuro), vile, aban-
doned, infamous, Plaut,, Ter.
impure, adv. (impurus). impurely, vilely,
■infamously, shamefully ; multa facere, Cic. ;
vivere, Cic.
impuritas -atis, f. (impurus), vioral im-
purity, Cic.
impurus -a -urn (in and purus), 1, lit., un-
clean, stained, impure, Ov. ; 2, usually in a
moral sense, impure, defiled, vile, shameful, in-
famous ; homo, Cic; animus, Sail.; historia,
Ov.
1. imputatus -a -um (in and puto), un-
pruned, untrimmed ; vinea, Ov.
2. imputatus -a -um, partie. of imputo.
impiito, 1. (in and puto), to impute to, lay to
the charge of any one, as a fault or merit, to account,
reckon as a fault or merit ; a, as a merit, quis
mini plurimum imputet, Tac. ; b, as a fault,
alicui natuin, Ov.
lmtilus -a -um (dim. of imus), lowest, Cat.
imus -a -um, super], from inferos (q.v.).
1. in, prep, with ace. = into, with abl. = in.
1. With tlie ace A. Of space, into ; ad urbem
vel potius in urbem exereitum adducere, Cic.
B. Of time; 1, to; dormire in lucem, Hor. ;
aliquid in omnetempus perdidisse,/o?- ercr, Cic;
2, for, to; magistratum creare in annum, Liv. ;
in multos annos praedicere, Cic; in diem, a,
for a short time, for the day; in diem vivere, to
live for the moment, Cic. ; b, daily ; in diem
rapto vivere, Liv.; c, for the future ; in diem
poenas praesentis fraudis dii reservant, Cic. ;
in dies or in singulos dies, (a) from day to day,
Cic. ; (8) daily, Cic. ; in lioras, hourly, Hor. ;
in singulos annos, from year to year, Liv. C Of
other relations ; 1, of dimension, in; murum in
altitudinem pedum sedeciin fossamque pcrducit,
Caes.; 2, of division, into; Gallia est omnis
divisa in tres partes, Caes. ; describere censores
binos in singulas civitates, two for each state,
Cic; 3, of object, for; nullam pecuniamGabiuio,
nisi in rem militarem datam, Cic. ; in hoc, for
this pzirpose, Hor. ; 4, of manner, according to ;
tradere regnum in fldein alicuius, on tlie word of,
Sail. ; in eandem sententiam loqui, Cic. ; jurare
in verba alicuius, Hor.; in.-universuin, in
general, Liv. ; in vicem, Cic, Caes.,- or in vices,
Ov., in turns ; 5, of direction, a, to, in the pre-
sence of, before; de servis quaere in. dojuinos,
Cic. ; b, towards; amor in patriam, Cic. D.
Pregnant eonstr., aliquem in carcerem asservari
jubere, to be taken to prison anil kept there, Liv. ;
in Tusculanum futurum esse, to wish to come to,
Cic. II. With abl., in. A. Of space ; 1, esse in.
Sicilia, Cic. ; in oculis esse, to be before 'ojie'x
eyes, Cic. ; 2, esp. of dress, etc., esse in voste
domestica, Ov. ; excubare in amis, Caes.'B.
of time ; 1, in the course of; in sex mensjbus,
Cic. ; in bello, Cic. ; in deliberando, during, Cic. ;
2, at; in tali tempore, Liv. ; in eo est ut, etc.,
oil the point of, Liv. ; in tempore, at the right
time, Liv. C. Of other relations ; 1, of the con-
dition in which oue is, in; in hac solitudine,
Cic. ; with persons, in the case of; in hoc hom'ihe
nonaccipioexcusationem.Cic; 2, of action, etc.,
in; in inotii esse, Cic; 3, of the subjects' of
education, in; erudire in jure civili, Cic. ; 4,
amongst the number of; in quibus Catilina, Sail.
2. in, inseparable particle, with adjectives
and participles, without, not, e.g., indoctus.
inaccessus -a -um (in and accedo), inac-
cessible ; lucus, Verg.
inacesco -Icni, 3. to become sour;' transf.,
haec tibi per totos inacescant omnia sensus, Ov.
Inachus(Inachos) -i,m.(*li'axos),a TOj/tfncflZ
king of Argos, father of Io, after whom the river
Inachus in Argolis was named; hence 1, adj.,
Inaohius -a -um; a, relating to Inachus ; jii-
venca, Io, Verg. ; b, Greek;', urbes, Verg. ; 2,
Inaohides -ae, m. a descendant of Inachus,
Perseus, Ov. ; Epaphus, Ov. ; 3, Inachis -Wis,
f. relating to Inachus; ripa, of tlie river Inachus-,
Ov. ; subst., a dauyhter of Inachus, Io, Prop." .'■■
inadustUS -a -um (in and a<luro), unburnt,
unsinged, Ov. ■
Inaedifico, 1. 1, to build in or '-upon;
sacellum in domo, Cic. ; aliquid in locum, Liv. ;
2, to build up, block up, barricade; vicos plat-
easque, Caes. • . iiii
inacquabilis -e, a, uneven ; solum, Liv. ;
b, unequal, varying ; motus, Cic. ■ . .■ v :
inaequabiliter, adv. (inaequabilis), un-.
equally, variously, Suet. , ■ - ■
inaequalis -e. I. unequal, uneven, unlike,
various; 1. lit., loca, Tac; calices, now full t
now half full, Hor. ; 2, transf., varjeta» r Cic,
II. Act., makitig unequal; tonsor, Hor. ; pro*
cellae, disturbing the level of the tea, Hor.
inacqualltas -Stis, f. (inaequalis), in-
equality, dissimilarity, irregularity, Varr. " " .. ,
inaequallter, adv. (Inaequalis), unequally,
unevenly; inaequaliter eminentes rupes, LiV.'
inaequo, 1. to make even or level; haec
levibus cratibus terraque inaequat, Caes.
inaestlmabilis -e, 1, a, that cannot be 'esti-
mated ; nihil tam incertum nee tarn inaestirnabile
quam animi multitudinis, Liv. ; b. priceless,
inestimable ; gaudium, Liv. ; 2, having I «o
(relative) value (Qr. awaf lav ix<ov), Cic. ; jn a ba4
sense, unworthy of being valued, Clc. •
inaestuo, 1. to boil, rage in; fig., »i nieia
inaestuat praecordiis'bilis, Hor.
i ml
S2t>S
mo
InaffeCtatus -a -nm (in and afiecto), natural,
unaffected, Plin,
Inalpinus -a -nm, Alpine, dwelling in the
Alps; subst., Inalpini -drum, the dwellers in
the Alps, ap. Cic.
inamabilis -e, unpleasant, hate/id, unlovehji
odious ; pains (of the Styx), Verg.
inamaresco, 3. to become bitter, Hor.
Inambitidsus -a -um, not ambitious, un-
pretentious, Ov.
Inambulatlo -onis, f. (inamhulo), a walking
up and down, Cic.
inambulo, 1. to walk up and down ; cum
f'utta in portion, Cic.
Inamoenus -a -nm, unpleasant, unlovely,
dismal; regna umbrarum, Ov.
inaniae -5rum, f. (inanis), emptiness, Plant.
Inanlldquus (Inanilogns) -a -um (in-
anis and loquor), speaking in vain or emptily,
Plaut.
In ani m al Is -e, lifeless, inanimate; animalia
inanimaliaque omnia, Liv.
ln&niuia,tVLB-&-mn,lifeless,inanimate,Cic.('!).
i nnn imentnm -i, n. (inanio), emptiness,
Plant.
laanimus -a -um (in and animal lifelsss,
inanimate; neut. subst., quum inter inanimum
et animal hoc intersit, Cic.
inanio -ivi -itum, 4. (inanis), to empty, moke
void, Lucr.
inanis -e, empty, void, vacant (opp. plenus,
completns, confertus). L Lit., A. Gen., vas,
domus, Cic. ; equus, without rider, Cic. ; navis,
unloaded, Caes. ; corpus, soulless, dead, Cic. ;
lumina, blind, Ov. ; galea, taken from the. head,
Verg. ; with genit., Hor. ; with abl., epistola
inanis aliqua re utili et suavi, Cic. ; subst,
Inane -is, n. space, empty space, Cic. B. 1,
esp., empty-handed ; a, redire, Cic. ; b, poor,
indigent; civitas, Cic; 2, empty-bellied, hungry,
Hor. IL Transf., 1, empty, void of; with genit,
inanissima pnulentiae, Cic. ; elocutio, Cic. ;
subst, inane -is, n. vanity, emptiness, Hor. ;
2, groundless, vain; motus, Cic. ; 3, vain, use-
less; contentiones, Cic. ; 4, vain, conceited ;
animus, Cic.
inanitas -atis, f. (inanis), 1, emptiness,
empty space, Cic. ; 2, transf., worthlcssness,
inanity, Cic.
inanlter, adv. (inanis), emptily, vainly,
uselessly, Cic.
1. inaratus -a -um (in and an>), unplonghetl,
follow, Verg.
2. inaratus, partic. of inaro.
inardesco -ai-si, 3. I. to burn on ; humeri's
Herculis, Hor. II. to begin to glow, to kindle.
A. Lit., nubes inardescit solis radii s, Verg. B.
Transf., of passions, to glow, bum; amor specie
praesentis inarsit, Ov. ; specie juvenis, Ov.
inaresco -artii, 3. to become dry;vi solis,
Tac.
inargentatUS -a -um, silvered, plated with
silver, Plin.
Inarime -cs, f. = Aenaria.
inaro, 1. to plough, to cultivate, Plin.
inassuetus -a -um, unaccustomed; cquus,
Ov.
Inattenuatua (in and attonuo), undimin-
ished, unimpaired; fames, uuappeased, Ov.
Inaudax -acis, timid, fearful, Hor.
inaudio, 4. to hear; particularly, to hear
news, to hear a secret; aliqc.id de aliqtto, Cic. ;
de aliqua re ex aliqno, Cic.
1. inauditus -a -um (in and audio), unheard
of; 1, a, inaudita criminatio, Cic; b, unheard
of, unusual; agger inauditus, Caes. ; nomen est,
non dico inusitatum, vernm etiain iiiauditnm,
Cic. ; 2, unheard, without a hearing (before a
judge); aliquem inauditum et indefensnm dam-
nare, Tac.
2. inauditus -a -um, partic. of inaudio.
inaugurato, adv. (inanguro), after having
taken the auguries, Liv.
inauguro, 1. I. Intransit, to take the augu-
ries, to divine; Palatinm Romulus, Renins
Ayentinum ad hiaugurandum templa capinnt,
Liv. ; with rel., sent., inaugura flerine pos-
sit, quod nunc ego mente concipio, Liv. II.
Trausit., to consecrate, instal, inaugurate ; teni-
plum, Cic. ; flaminem, Cic.
inaures -Inm, f. (in and aures), earrings,
Plaut.
inauro, 1. I. to gild, rover with gold ; gen.
in partic, inauratUS -a -um, gilt; statna, Cic;
vestis, gold-worked, Ov. II. Transf. (in jest),
to gild, enrich, Cic.
inauspicato, adv. (inauspieatus), without,
consulting the auspices, Cic.
inauspieatus -a -um. I. without auspices ;
lex, adopted without auspices, Liv. II. Transf.,
unlucky, inauspicious, Plin.
inausus -a -um (in and audeo), not dared,
not attempted ; ne quid inausum ant intractatnm
sceleris dolive fuisset, Verg.
incaeduus -a -um, not cut down, unfelled;
luetis, Ov.
lncalesco -calui, 3. to glow, become warm ; a,
of things, incaleacente sole, Liv. ; b. of persons,
to gloic with wine or passion; vino, Liv. ; esp. of
love ; vidit et incalnit pelagi dcus, Ov.
incalfaclo. 3. to heat, warm, make hot, Ov.
incallide, adv. (incallidus) not cleverly, with-
out ingenuity; non incallide (= skilfully) ter-
giversari, Cic
incallldUS -a -nm, not clever, without in-
genuity ; servus non incallidus, Cic.
incandesco -candtii, 3. to begin to glow with
heot, become very hot ; ineandcso.it eundo (plum-
bum), Ov.
incanesco -canui, 3, to become ichite; ornus-
que incanuit albo (lore piri, Verg.
incantamentum -i, n. (incauto), a charm,
incantation, Plin.
incanto, 1. to consecrate with eharuis or speUs ;
vincnla, Hor.
incanus -a -nm, quite grey ; nicnta, Verg.
ineassum, adv. (v. cassus), in vain, vainly,
uselessly, Verg.
lnoastigatus -a -um (in and castigo), un-
chastised, uncorrected, Hor.
Incaute, adv. (incautus), incautiously, care-
!■ .•»•/// ;incaute ct stulte, Cic ; compar., incautius
sequi, Caes.
incautus -a -um, 1, incautious, careless,
heedless, unwary, inconsiderate ; homo ineautns
et rusticus, Cic ; with ab and the abl., incantim
a fraude, Liv. ; wifli genit., fntnri, Hor. ; 2, not
guarded against or that which cannot be guarded
against, unforeseen, unexpected, uncertain, un-
protected; repentc incantos agros invasit, Sail. ;
iter hnstibus incantum, Tac.
incedo-cessi-oessum,3. I.Intransit., towalh;
go, march, step in, enter. A. Lit., a, pedes, on.
foot, Liv. ; molliter, with a light step, Ov. ; qua*
mc
2G9
mc
cumque incederet, Cic. ; b, as niilit. t. t.,
to march, advance; usque ad portas, Liv. ; iu
pereulsos Roinanos, tocomeon, Sail. B. Transf.,
a, to come on-, break out ; postquam tenebrae
iucedebant, Liv. ; incessit in ea castra vis
lunrbi, Liv. ; b, of news, reports, etc. ; occultus
rumor incedebat (with ace. and intin.), Tac. ;
C, of political events, to take place, arise, spread
abroad; incessit tiinor S.ibini belli, Liv.; with
dat. pers., to seize on ; gravis cura patribus in-
cessit, ut, etc:, Liv. II. Transit., 1, to walk on;
sconam, Tac. ; 2, to happen to, come to, befall;
aliquem valetudo ad versa incessit, Tac.
incelebratus -a -11111 (in and oele.bro), not
made known, not spread, abroad, Tac.
Incendiarius -a -um (incendium), relating
to a conflagration, incendiary ; hence, subst.,
incendiarius -ii, in. an incendiary, Tac.
incendium -ii, u. (iueendo), a conflagration,
Hre. 1. 1, lit., incendium facere, excitare, Cic;
uonfiare, Liv. ; 2, nieton. fire-brand ; incendia
poscit, Verg. II. Transf., l,Jire, glow, heat (of
the passions) ; cupiditatum, Cic. ; 2, danger,
destruction, ruin; civitatis, Cic.
incendo -cendi -censum, 3. (in and *cando),
to kindle, set fire to, burn. I. A. Lit., a, tus et
odores, Cic. ; b, to set on fire ; urbeni, Cic. ;
C, medic, t. t., incensi aestus, the burning heat
offerer, Verg. B. Meton., 1, to kindle fire upon ;
altaria, Verg. ; 2, to make bright, brilliant, to
enlighten; solis incensa radiis luna, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, to set on fire with passion, incite,
excite, stir up, irritate, incense; a, animos ju-
dicum in aliquem, Cic. ; desine me incendere
querelis, Verg. ; esp., to excite to looe; aliquem,
Verg. ; incendi, to barn, to glow, to be irritated,
incensed; amore, desiderio, Cic. ; incensus ira,
Cic; b, of abstract objects, to arouse; oupid-
itatem, odia. Cic. ; 2, to enhance, raise, increase;
luctum, Verg. ; 3, to fill (as with fixe); caelum
claniore, Verg.
incensio -unis, f. (iucendo), a burning, con-
flagration, Cic.
1. incensus -a -um (in and censeo), not
enivlled by the censor, unassessed, Cic.
2. incensus. I. Partic. of incendo. II.
P. adj., tig., of orators, fiery; vehemens et in-
census, Cic.
inceptio -onis, f. (incipio), a beginning, un-
dertaking ; tarn praeclari operis, Cic.
incepto, 1. (intens. of incipio), to begin,
undertake, Plaut., Ter.
inceptor -Oris, in. (incipio), a beginner, Ter.
iliceptum -i, n. (incipio). an undertaking,
beginning, enterprise ; inceptuui non succedebat,
I,iv.; iucepta patrare, Sail.; ab incepto desistere,
Liv.
iaceptus -us, in. = inceptum (q.v.).
incerno -crSvi -crctuin, 3. to sift upon, to
beslreiu by sifting ; piper album cum sale nigro
iucrctum, Hor.
incero, 1. to cover with wax; in jest, genua
deorum, to cover with votive wax tablets, i.e., to
beseech, implore, Juv.
1. incerto, adv. (iucerlus), not certainly,
doubtfully, Plaut.
2. incerto, 1. (iucertus), to make uncertain
or doubtful, Plaut.
incertus -a -um, uncertain, doubtful, not
sure. I. A. cisus,Cic.;rosponsuui,Liv.;rumores,
Caes. B. Ksp., a, not clearly visible, dim, dark ;
luna, Verg. ; b, not sure (of a blow) ; securis,
Verg.; c, disorderly; criues, Ov. ; vultus, dis-
turbed, Cic. II. A. undetermined ; os, stammer-
ing, Ov. ; with re}j scut., incerti socji an hostes
essent, Liv. ; subst, incertum -i, u. tlxat
which is uncertain, uncertainty ; ad or in in-
certum revocare, to make uncertain, Cic. ; plur.,
incerta belli, the uncertainties of war, Liv. B.
Transf., of persons, uncertain, hesitating; quum
iucertus cssein ubi esses, Cic. ; with geuit.,
reium onmiuni, Liv.
incesso -cessi or -eessivi, 3. (intens. of
incedo), to attack, assail, fall upon. A Lit.,
aliquem jaculis saxisque, Liv. B. .Transf., to
assail with reproaches ; reges dictis protervis,
Ov.; aliquem crimiuibus, Tac.
incesaus -Us, m. (incedo), the gait, mode of
walking. I. Lit., A. Gen., rarus incessus nee
ita longus, Cic. ; incessus citus modo, modo
tardus, Sail. B. Esp., a hostile attack, assault;
primo incessu solvit obsidium, Tac. II. eu-
trance, approach ; alios incessus hostis claudere,
Tac.
inceste, adv. (incestus), impurely, sinfully,
Cic.
incesto, 1. (incestus), 1, to defile, pollute;
classem fuuere, Verg. ; 2, to defile, dishonour,
Verg.
incestum -i, n., v. incestus.
1. incestus -a -um (in and castus), impure,
sinful, impious. I. Gen., os, Cic; manus, Liv.;
subst., incestus, a sinful person, Hor. II. Esp.,
unchaste, lewd; a, of persons, judex (of Paris),
Hor. ; b, of things, ftagitium, Cic. ; subst.,
incestum -i, n. unchastity, lewdness, incest;
incestum facere, Cic.
2. incestus -us, m. (1. incestus), uncltastity,
incest, Cic.
inchoo, 1. to begin, commence. A Gen.,
novum delubrum, Cic. ; res quas (communis in.
telligentia) in auimis uostris inchoavit, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, to introduce, begin to treat of; philo-
sophiam multis locis, Cic. ; 2, to bring a matter
before the senate; iiichoante Caesare de, etc.,
Tac ; 3, partic perf., inchoatus -a -urn, only
begun, not finished, incomplete; cognitio, officium,
Cic.
1. incido -cidi, 3. (in and cado), to fall in or
or. I. Accidentally. A. Lit., foveam, Cic;
with dat., capitibus nostris, Liv. B. Transf.,
I, to fall into, to light upon; in insidias, Cic ;
incidere alicui or in aliquem, to meet unexpectedly,
Cic. ; 2, of time, to fall upon, happen on ; in
hunc diem incidunt mysteria, Cic. ; 3^ to fall
into a djisease or some evil ; in morbum, Lie ; in
aesalienum, to run into debt, Cic; 4. tufullupon
by chance ; a, of persons, casu in eorum men-
tionem, Cic. ; in Diodorum, to fall in, with the
opinion of, Cic. ; b, of things, incidit milii in
meiitem, it comes into my mind, Cic. ; 5, to
happen, occur; incidunt saepe tempora quum,
etc., Cic. ; si qua clades iucidisset, Liv. ; forte
incidit ut with subj., Liv.; with dat. pers., to
happen to ; multis tales casus inciderunt, Cic.
II. Purposely. A. Lit., into a place, to burst
into; castris, Liv.; in hostem, to attack, Liv.
B. Transf., to fall upon, seize; terror incidit
exercitui, Caes.
2. Incido -eidi -clsura, 3. (in and caedo). I.
to cut into, mate an incision, cut open; 1, gen.,
arbores, Caes. ; puhno iucisus, Cic. ; 2, esp., a,
to inscribe, engrave an inscription; leges in ses,
Cic. ; notum est carmen incibum iu sepulcro, Cic;
b, to make by cutting ; faces. Verg. ; C, to clip,
prune, cut; pinuas, Cic. II. to cut through:
A. Lit., linum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to cut short,
bring to an etid, break off; poema quod jnstitu-
eram, Cic. ; sennonem, Liv. ; genus vocis Mi;
cidens, broken off, interrupts ; 2, to take away;
spem omueni, Liv.
inciens -eutis (conuected with,, iynvpijy,
tyKvof), pregnant, with young, Plin,
Ill (J
2lU
me
incills -e (for incidilis from inc.ido), cut ;
subst., incile As, 11. a ditch or canal for carry-
ing off nuter ; fig., tamquara in quodam incili
jam omnia adhaeseruut, ap. Cic.
incllo, 1. to blame, scold, rebuke, Lucr.
incingo -cinxi -einctuin, 3. to surround, en-
girdle ; inciuctus cinctu Gabino, Liv. ; transf.,
. urbes moeiiibus, Ov.
incino, 3. (in and cano), to sing, Prop.
lncipio -cepi -ceptum, 3. (in and capio), to
begin, commence. I. Transit,, A. Gen. with acsa,
pugiiam, Liv. ; with infin., bella gercre, Cic. ;
absol., nt incipiendi ratio fieret, Cic. B. to
begin to speak; sic statim rex incipit, Sail. II.
lut l-ansit. , to commence; turn incipere ver arbi-
trabatnr, Cic.
inclpisso, 3. (incipio), to begin, commence,
Plaut.
incise and Inclsim, adv. (iiicldo), in short,
disconnected sentences ; dicere, Cic.
incisio -onis, f. (iacido), a dioision or clause
of a sentence, Cic.
inoisum -i, n. (incido), a division of a sen-
tence, Cic. • '
- inoisura -ac, f. (incido), a cutting into, in-
cision, Plin.
Incitamentum -i, n. (incito), itn Incitement,
inducement, incentive; incitamentum pericul-
orum et laboriini, Cic.
1 incltate, adv. (incitatus), hastily, violently ;
incitatius fern, fiuere, of speech, Cic.
incltatio -onis, f. (incito), an inciting, in-
stigating exciting. I. Act., languentis populi,
•Cic. II. Pass. A. violent motion ; sol tanta
iucitatioue fertur, Cic. B. Transf., excitement,
ardour, energy, vehemence; auimi, Cues.; mentis,
Cic.
incitatus -a -nm, p. adj. (from incito). A.
rapid, vehement ; equo incitato, at full gallop, Cic.
B. Transf., cursus in oratione incitatior, Cic.
incito, 1. to put into rojiid motion, urge, on,
to hasten. I. A. Lit.,, equos,- Cacs. ; prow, in-
citare currentem, to spur the willing horse, Cic. ;
reft, se incitare, or middle incitari, to quicken
one's pace, to hasten ; alii ex castria se incitant,
Cacs. B. Transf.,- to incite, rouse, urge, sj}iir on;
1, animos, ingenium, Cic; Caesarem ad id heli-
um, Caes. ; 2, a, to inspire; terrae vis Pythiam
incitabat, Cic. ; b, to incite, make hostile, stir
up J. aliquem in aliquem, Cic II. to increase ;
1, amuis incitatus pluviis, Liv. ; 2, to enluincc ;
eloquendi celeritatem, Cic.
1. incitus -a -nm (in and cieo), in rapid
motion, rapid, swift, Verg.
2. incitus -a -um (in and cieo), immovable;
esp. used of a piece in the game of draughts,
Plaut.
lncivilis -e, unjust, tyrannical, Eutr.
inclamito, 1. (intens. of inclamo), to call
out against, Plaut.
inclamo, 1. to call upon loudly; 1, generally,
•a-liquem- nomine,. Liv. ; eouiitem .suum Memet
.et saepius, Cic; with dat., Albanus excreitus
ihclamat Curiatiis, uti oppm ferant fratri. Liv.;
\2, tn'cnll upon for help ; nemo ioclaniavit patro-
'n'irrt.Cic. .- ■ .'. ' ■ . -,, ^.
", Inclaresco -clarui; 3. to become illustrious,
Tac • v . " . • . " .
■- Inclemena -entis, •unmerciful, not dement,
Htmh, rough; dictator, Liv. ; inclemei!tiori verbo
appellare, Liv.
inclena-'-ntSr, adv. with cempar. (in-
tremens), harshly, wnmeroi fully, rigorously; in-
flem«Htu3 invehi iu aliquem, Liv.
inclcmentia -ae, f. (inclemens), nnmerci-
fulness, rigour, harshness; divuiu, Vorg.
inclinatio -onis, f. (inclino), a leaning,
bending, inclination. I. Lit., A. corporis, Cic.
B. change of the voice, Cic II. Transf., 1, a
mental leaning, inclination ; ad meliorem spcill,
Cic; 2, a, inclination of will, good-will, liking;
voluntatis, Cic; b, change, alteration; teni-
porum, Cic.
incllnatus -a -um, p. adj. (from inclino), sunk.
I. Lit., of the voice, low, deep; vox, Cic II.
Transf., 1, sunken, fallen; fortuna, Cic; 2,
inclined towards, favourable to ; ad pacem, Liv.
inclino, 1. (in and clino = kKlvco), to bend,
bow, lean, incline. I. Act., A. Lit., genua
arenis, Ov. ; inalos,-f/ie masts, Liv. B. Trans!'.,
1, to incline, turn away; omnem culpam in
aliquem, to lay the blame on, Cic. ; haec animuni
inclinant ut credam, induce me to believe, Liv. ;
2, a, to cause to decline, change for the. loorsr ;
omnia simul inclinante fortuna, Liv. ; b, to
decide, give a decisive turn to; fraus rem inclin-
avit, Liv. II. Red., se inelinare or simply
inclinare, or middle inclinari, to bend, incline.
A. Lit., 1, of an arm}-, to waver, yield; acies
inclinatur or inclinat, Liv. ; 2, of the sun, or of
time ; inolinato in pomeridianum tempus die,
turning towards evening, Cic B. Transf., 1,
paululuni inclinari tiniore, to waver, Cic. ; 2, a,
to incline in opinion : ad Stoicos, Cic; sententia
senatua inclinat ad pacem, Cic. ; with ut and
the subj., Liv. ; b, to be favourable to; pluribus
hisce, Hoi - .
includo -clusi -clusum, 3. (in and cludo,
claudo). I. to shut up, shut in, enclose. A. Of
personal objects, parietibus deos, Cic; aliquem
iu cella Coucordiae, Cic. B. Of inanimate ob-
jects, 1, a, to insert; embleniata in scaphis
aureis, Cic. ; verba versu, Cic. ; b, to surround ;
suras auro, Verg.; to insert as an episode; ali-
quid orationi, Cic II. to obstruct, hinder, stop;
vocem, Cic.
inclusio -onis, f. (includo), a shutting up,
confinement, Cic.
inclytus (incliitus, inclitus) -a -um (in
and clueo), celebrated, famous, renowned ; populi
regesqne, Liv. ; leges Solonis, Liv.
1. incoctus -a-uin (in and coqno), uncooked,
raw, Plaut.
2. incoctus -a -um, partic. of incoquo.
incogitabilis -e, thoughtless, inconsiderate,
Plaut. _
incogltans -antis, inconsiderate, Ter.
incogitantia -ae, f. (incogitans), thoughtless-
ness, heedlessness, Plaut.
incogitatus -a -um, inconsiderate, Flant.
incogito, 1. to contrive, plan; fraudem socio,
Hor.
incognitus -a -um. I. unknown. A. lie
incognita pro cognitis habeamus, Cic. B. Legal
t.t. , not examined; incognita re judicare, Cic.
II. unclaimed, Liv.
incohlbeo, 2. to hold together, Lucr.
incola -ae, c. (incolo), an inhabitant, dweller
in anyplace. I. Gen. A. Of personSj Pythag-
orei incolae paene nostri, our fellow-countrymen,
Cic; with genit., mundi, Cic. ;' jtioet., incola
turba, votive-, Ov. B. Of animals, aquarura
incolae, Cic. C. Of winds, native; aquilones.
Hor II, Esp. = pLtroiKOs, a resident without fill
'ciyic right?, Cic. • . -
, Incolo -colui, -cultum, 3. I. Transit, to
if, dwell in; eas urbes, Cic. ; partic. sun:;t.,
incdientes -lum. m.'rte" inhabitants, Liv. II,
Intvansit., to dwell ; inter marc Alpesque, Li".
IncSliimia -o (hi and 'columia, from "o.eliqv
mc
271
inc
uninjured, safe and sound, vjithout damage, Cic. ;
haves, Caes. ; with ab and the abl., incolumis
a calaniitate, Cic.
incolumitas -atis, f. (incolumis), safety,
soundness, good condition, preservation; mundi,
Cic. ; inculumitatem deditis polliceri, Caes.
incomitdtus -a -urn (in and comitor), un-
accomjxinied, without retinue, alone, Verg.
incommendatus -a-uin, given tip to, aban-
doned; tellus iiieomniendata ventis, Ov.
Incommode, adv. (incommodus), Inconven-
iently, unfitly, unsuitably, unseasonably ; venire,
Cic. ; incommodius mecuin actum est, Cic. ; in-
commodissime navigare, Cic.
incommodltas -atis, f. (incommodus), in-
convenience, unsuitableness, disadvantage ; incom-
moditas alienati illius animi, Cic; temporis,
unseasonableness, Liv.
incommodo, 1. (incommodus), to be -un-
pleasant, burdensome, troublesome to any one, to
incommode ; with dat, inimicis, Cic. ; nihil alteri,
Cic.
incommodum, v. incommodus.
incommodus -a -um, inconvenient, unsuit-
able, unfit, troublesome, disagreeable. I. Adj., a,
of things, valetudo, ill-health, Cic. ; conipar.,
non incommodiorelocoquam, etc., Cic. ; superl.,
res eius incommodissimae, Cic. ; b, of persons,
troublesome, annoying ; alicui incommodum esse,
Cic. II. Subst, incommodum -i, n., a,
disadvantage; incommodo tuo, Cic; b, injury,
'misfortune; commoveri incommodo valetudiuis
tuae, Ciu. ; incommodo aftici, Cic. ; alicui incom-
modum fevre, Cic. ; incommodum capere or
accipere, Cic.
incommutabilis -e, unchangeable ; reipub-
licae status, Cic.
incomparabilis -e, incomparable, Plin.
incompertus -a -um (in and comperio),
unknown, not ascertained, uncertain; inter cetera
vetustate incompcrta, Liv.
incomposite, adv. (incompositus), in a dis-
orderly manner; hostis negligenter et incom-
posite veniens, Liv.
incompositus -a -um, disordered, disor-
derly, irregular; 1, agnien, Liv. ; hostes, Liv. ;
2, transf., of style, nempe incomposito pede
currerc versus Lucili, Hor.
incomprehensibllis -e, that cannot be un-
derstood, incomprehensible, Quint.
incomptUS -a -um, a, unleaded, itnlrimmed ;
capilli, Hor.; b, rude, artless, Tac; of stylo,
without ornament, rude, rough ; oratio, Cic ;
versus, Verg.
inconcessus -a -uin (in and eoncedo), not
allowed, forbidden ; hymenaei, Verg.
inconcilio, 1, to win artfully to one's own side,
Plant,
inconcinnus -a -um, awkward, inelegant;
qui in aliquo genere inconcinnus ct stultus est,
Cic.
inconcussus -a -um, unshaken, firm; pax,
Tac.
incondite, adv. (inconditus), confusedly;
versus Giaecos dicere, Cic
inconditus -a -um (in and condo), disorderly,
confused, irregular ; acies, Liv.; jus civile, un-
arranged, Cic. ; genus dicendi, Cic.
incongruens -6ntis, not agreeing, ur.svif
b'ole, Plin.
inconsiderantla -ae, f. (in and considero),
thoughtlessness, inconeiderateness, Cic,
incpr«3?derato, adv. (incoMlderatus), with-
out consideration, rashly, inconsiderately ; agere,
Cic. ; dicere, Cic.
inconsideratus -a -um, 1, thoughtless, in-
considerate, Cic. ; 2, unadvised, unconsidered ;
cupiditas, Cic.
inconsolabills -c,- inconsolable; transf.,
vuluus, incurable, Ov.
inconstans -stantis, changeable, unstable,
inconstant ; mini ridicule es visus esse inconstans,
Cic
inconstanter, adv. (inconstans), incon-
staidly, inconsistently, capriciously ; loqai, Cic;
haec incoustantissime dicuutur, Cic.
inconstantia -ae, f. (inconstans), change-
ableness, instability, inconstancy ; mentis, Cic
inconsulte, adv. (inconsultus), inconsider-
ately, unadvisedly ; inconsulte ac temere, Cic
1. inconsultus -a -um (in and consulo), 1,
not consulted; inconsulto senatu, Liv. ; 2, with-
out advice, unadvised; inconsulti adeunt, Verg. ;
3, inconsiderate, imprudent, indiscreet; homo
inconsultus et temerarius, Cic. ; ratio, Cic
2. inconsultus -us, m. (in and consulo), tlie
not asking advice, Plaut.
inconsumptus -a -um, unconsumed, undi-
minished, Ov.
incontaminatus -a -um, (in and con-
tamino), unspotted, unpolluted, uncontamuiated,
Liv.
incontentus -a -um (in and contendo), not
stretched; lides, out of tune, Cic.
incontinens -entis, Incontinent, immoderate,
intemperate ; Tityos, Hor. ; inanus, Hor.
incontmenter, adv. (incontinens), immod-
erately, incontinently; nihil incontiuenter fac-
ere, Cic.
incontinentia -ac, f. (incontinens), incon-
tinence, intemperance, Cic.
incontroversus -a -um, ^incontroverted,
undisputed, Cic.
inconvenlens -entis, not agreeing with, dis-
similar; facta, ap. Cic.
incoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. to boil in or with.
A. radices Baccho, Verg. B. to dye, colour;
vellcra Tyrios incocta rubores, Verg.
incorrectus -a -um, unamended, unim-
proved, Ov.
incorrupte, adv. (mcon-uptus), incorruptty,
justly, impartially ; judicare, Cic.
incorruptus -a -um, not corrupted. I. Lit.,
sanguis, Cic ; templa, not destroyed, Liv. ; in-
corrupta sanitate esse, Cic. II. Transf., incor-
rupt, unbribed, genuine, uninjured, unimpaired :
testis, Cic. ; virgo, pure, Cic. ; judicium, up-
right, Liv. ; intcgritas Latini sermonis, Cic.
increbresco -crebrvii, 3., and increbesco
-crcbui, 3. to become frequent, strong, prevalent; to
increase, itrevail; ventus, Cic. ; proverbio, to be-
come a proverb, Liv. ; quum hoc neseio quo
modo increbruisset, with ace and inhu., Cic.
incredibilis -e, 1, a, incredible; auditu,
Cic. ; dictu, Cic ; memoratu, Sail. ; b, extra-
ordinary ; ndes, Cic. ; via ingenii, Cic. ; 2, not
worthy of belief (of persons), Plant.
inorediblllter, adv. (incredibilis). in'
credibly, extraordinarily; del6ctari, Cic; per-
timescere, Cic.
incredulus -a -um, incredulous, Hor.
lncr omentum -i, n, (incresco), the growth
of plants or animals. I. A. Lit., VitiUlG, Cic.
B. Transf., urbis, Liv. II. Meton., 1, tharfrov
or by wh]oh anything gruwi, increase: lucre'
nioifio pjultitudlnia, Liv,; dentcs popullln*
inc
272
me
cretnenta futuri, the seed, Ov. ; 2, poet=o/-
tpring ; Jovis, Verg.
increpito, 1. (intens. of inerepo). I. In-
transit., to call loudly to any one ; turn Bitiae
dedit increpitans, Verg. II. Transit, to cry
to, reproach, chicle; aliqnem, Verg.; increpitare
vocibus quod, etc., Cats.; increpitare Belgas qui
(with subj.), Cues. ; pertinaciam praetoris, Liv.
inerepo -fii (-avi) -Hum (-Stum), 1. I. In-
transit. A. to rustle, rattle, whiz, rush, make a
noise ; 1, discus increpuit, Cic. ; 2, to he noised
abroad, become known; simulatquc increpuit
suspicio tninultus, Cic. ; quicquid increpuerit,
Catilinani timeri, Cic. B. to call upon; in-
crepat ultro, Verg. C. Witli in and the ace, to
slander, revile; in Fulvi siniilitudineiu nominis,
Liv. II. Transit., A. to cause tv sound, cause
to be heard ; lyram, Ov.; tubaingeutem souituni,
Verg. B. a, to exclaim against, to blame, up-
braid, chide, reproach, rebuke, reprove ; Tulliura
nomine, Liv.; aliqnem gravitcr quod, etc., Liv.;
with ace. and intin., to shout out insultingly;
siniul increpante qui vulneraverat habere quaest-
oreni, Liv.; with rel. sent., quum undique duces,
victisne cessuri essent, increparent, Liv. ; b, to
animate, excite ; morantes aei is rauci canor in-
Crepat, Verg.; c, to throw in one's teeth, to re-
proach a person with, to blame for; pel lidiam, Cic.
ilicresco -crevi, 3. I. to grow in anything ;
squamae cuti increscunt, Ov. II. to grow.
A. (ferrea seges) jaculis incrcvit acutis, Verg.
B. Transf., increscit certamen, Liv.
incretus -a -mn, partic. of incerno.
incruentatus -a -um (in and cruento), not
bloody, not stained with blood, Ov.
incruentus -a -um, bloodless; proelium,
victoria, Liv.; excrcitus, that has lost no soldiers.
Sail.
incrusto, 1. to cover with a Hud, encrust ;
vas siiieeruiu, to bedaub, Hor.
incubatfo -unis, f. (incubo), a sitting upon
egys, incubution, Plin.
incubo -avi -atum and -ui -itum, 1. to lie in
or on. I. Gen., stramentis, Hor. ; cortici, Liv.
II. A. to pass the night in a temple to receive a
divine message or cure of a disease ; in Pasiphaae
fauo, Cic. B. 1, lit , of birds, to sit on or hatch
egg-i, to brood; nidis, Ov. ; 2, transf., to brood
over, enrii'stly watch over ; pecuniae, Cic; auro,
divittis, Verg. C. I stay in a place ; Erymantho,
Ov. D. Transf., pouto nox incubat atra, settles
on, Verg.
incudo -cudi -cusum, 3. to forge, fabricate ;
lapis incusus, a sharpened stone for a handmill,
Verg.
lnculco, 1. (in and calco), to trample in. A.
to foist in, mix in ; Giaeca verba, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to impress -upon, inculcate; tiadatur
vel ctiam iuculcetnr, Cic; with ut and the
BUbJ., Cic; 2, to force upon, obtrude upon; sc
alicuius auribus, Cic.
inoulpatus -a -um (in anil culpo), unblamed,
blameless, Ov.
inculte,ad\. (1. incultus), 1, roughly, rudely;
viveie, Cic; incultius agerc or agitare, Lie;
2 } of orators, inelegantly, without refinement;
dicere, Cic
1. Incultus -a -um, uncultivated, untitled.
I. Lit., A. ager, Cic ijubst,, inculta -oruni,
n. wastes, deserts, Verg. B. unarranged, dis-
ordered, untidy; comae, uncombed, Ov.; homines
intonsi etincidti, Liv. II. Transf., unpolished,
vnrefinsd, unadorned, rudt; homo, without
alucation, Sail. ; inculta atque rusticana parsi-
inonia, Hor.; versus, rough, unpolished, Hor.
2. Incultus -us, in. neglect, want of cultiva-
tion ; suos honores desertos per iucultum ct
uegligentiam, Liv.
incumbo -cObili -cubitum, 3. to lie upon,
recline or lean upon, bend to. I. Lit., A. remis,
to ply, Verg.; cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper,
Liv.; in gladium, Cic; ejecto (equiti), to rush on,
Verg. B. Esp., 1, a, milit. 1. 1., to throw oneself
upon the enemy; suo et anuiiriim pondere in
hostem, Liv. ; b, to press hard on ; in aliqnem,
Cic; 2, of things, a, to overhang; laurus in-
cuiubens arae, Verg. ; b, to burst upon, attack ;
tempestas incubuit silvis, Verg. II. Transf.,
A. tc apply oneself to anything, exert oneself, take
pains witli, bend one's mind to; in belluni, Caes. ;
in aliquod .; ...nun, Cic; ad laudem, Cic;
novae cogitationi, Tac ; with ueut. ace, liaec
ineuinbe, Cic; with intin., Verg.; with subj.,
Liv. B. to press heavily upon; ut jam in-
clinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio, Cic
incunabiila -drum, n. 1. swaddling-clothes,
Plaut. II. Meton., 1, birthplace; incunabula
nostra, Cic; 2, origin, commencement, begin-
ning; incunabula uostrae vcteris puerilisque
doetiinae, Cic.
incuratus -a -um, uncared for, unheeded;
ulcera, Hor.
incuria -ae, f. (in and cura), carelessness,
neglect, negligence, indifference; alicuius rci,
Cic.
incuriose, adv. with conipar. (incuriosus),
negligently, carelessly; agere, Liv.
incuriosus -a -uni. I. Act, careless, negli-
gent; serendis frugibus, Tac. II. Pass., neg-
lected, careless; tinis, Tac
incurro -curri (cucurri) -cursnm, 3. I. to
■run purjiosely against something. A. Lit, 1,
incurrere in columnas, prov., to run one's head
against a stone wall, Cic; 2, as milit. t t, a,
to assail, attack; in Romanos, Liv.; with dat.,
levi ainiaturae hostium, Liv.; with simple ace,
hostium latus, Liv. ; b, to make an incursion
into; in Macedonian^ Liv. B. Transf., to at-
tack, to inveigh against; in tribunos militares,
Liv. II. to run accidentally against. A. Lit,
iiiL-urrere atque incidcre in aliqnem, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, in oculos, to meet the eye, Cic ; 2,
of places, to border on ; privati agri, qui in pub-
licum Cumanum incurrebaut, Cic ; 3, of per-
sons, a, to stumble on something ; inaliquid,Cic;
b, to fall into any evil or misfortune; in inorbos,
Cic. ; in odia homiuum, to incur the hatred of
men, Cic. ; 4, of time, events, etc., a, tohappen,
occur; incurruut tempora, Cic; to happen, hap-
pen to; casus qui in sapienteui potest incidcre,
may fall to the lot of tht wife, Cic. ; nee ulla est
disputatio, in quam non aliquis locus incunat,
does nut occur, Cic. ; b, to fall on a certain time;
in oliuuein diem, Cic.
incursio -ouis, f. (incurro), 1, a. running
against, collision ; atoiuorum, Cic; 2," hostile
attack ; incursioatque impetus annaloi um, Cic. ;
as milit t. t., an inroad, invasion ; incuisioneni
facerc in tines RomailOS, Liv.
incUTSO, 1. (illlcns. of incurro). I. to run
against, strike again*/, attack. A. Lit, in agmcii
Romauiim, Liv.; agios Ilmuaiios, to make an
incursion into, Liv. B. Transf., incursabat in
te dolor, Cic. II. to run against; rupibus,
Ov.
incursus -us, m. (incurro), an attack, as-
sault, a pressing upon, incursion, influx. I,
Lit., a, of things, aquaruin, Ov. ; b, oi persons
and animals, host I. ^ attack; luporuni, Verg.;
esp. as milit t t., aditus atque incursus ad
defendendurn, Caes. II. Transf., incursus
animus varios habet, efforts, plans, Ov.
incurvo, 1. (incurvus), to bend, curve, make
inc
273
ind
crooked ; bacillum, Cic. ; arcum, Veig. ; membra
lncurvata dolore, Ov.
incurvus -a -urn, bent, curved, crooked;
bacillum, Cic.
incus -cudis, f. (iueudo), an anvil, Cic. ;
prov., uno opere eandem inciideni noctem diem-
que tundere, to be always hammerimg at the same
tiling, to be always engaged in the same occu-
pation, Cic.
incusatio -oni.s, f. (iucuso), blame, reproach,
accusation, Cic.
incuso, 1. (in and causa), to accuse, blame,
reproach, find fault with : aliquem, Caes. ;
quietem African] nostri somniantis, Cic. ; with
ace. and inlin., Liv. ; in pass., with nom. and
infin., Tac; with rel. sent., Verg.
inoussus, only in abl. -u, in. (incutio), a
beating ov dashing against; arinorum, Tac.
incustoditus -a -urn (in and custodio). I.
unmatched, unguarded; ovile, Ov. ; urbs, Tac.
II. Transf., 1, not observed, neglected; obser-
vatio dieruni, Tac; 2, unconcealed ; amor, Tac.
incutio -cussi -cussum, y. (in aud quatio),
to strike, dash, beat against. I. Lit., scipioiiem
in caput aliuuius, Liv. II. A. to throw, hurl ;
tela saxaque, Tac. B. to strike into, inspire
■with, excite, produce; terrorem alicui, Cic; re-
ligionem ammo, Liv. ; desiderium urbis, Hor.
indagatio -onis, f. (1. indago), an inquiry,
investigation ; veri, Cic; initiorum, Cic.
indagator -oris, m. (1. indago), an inves-
tigator, explorer, Plaut.
indagatrix -tricis, f. (indagator), she who
searches into or explores ; philosophia indagatrix
virtutis, Cic.
1. indago, 1. 1, to follow a trail or scent, to
track; canis natus ad indagandum, Cic; 2,
transf., to search out, explore, investigate ; in-
dicia, Cic. ; with rel. sent., quid cuique esset
neccsse, Cic.
2. indago -inis, f. 1, a surrounding of any
spot with nets or beaters so as to enclose the game;
saltus indagiue ciugere, Verg. ; velut indagiue
dissipatos Samuites agere, Liv.; 2, investiga-
tion, research, inquiry, rhu.
inde, adv. (from is, with adverbial ending),
thence, from there, from tluit place. I. Of space,
lion exeo inde ante vesperunl, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. a, from thence, from that cause; inde (i.e.,
ex audacia) omnia scelera gignuntur, Cic. ; b,
from thence,- of persons, quod inde oriundus
ciat, Liv. B. Of time, a, then, thereupon, Caes.;
b, from that time forth, Cic. ; c, with ab and
tin; abl., from ; jam inde a principio, Liv.
indebitUS -a -urn (in and debeo), thai which
is not owed, not due ; noil indubita posco, Verg.
indecens -ceutis, unbecoming, unseemly,
ugly, unsightly, Mart.
indficenter, adv. (iudecens), unbecomingly,
indecently, Mart.
indeclinatUS -a -um (iu and decliuo), un-
changed, firm ; aniicilia, Ov.
indecore, adv. (indecorus), unbecomingly,
indecorously ; l'acere, Cic.
indecoris -e, unbecoming, inglorious, shame-
ful, Verg.^
indecoro, 1. to disgrace, dishonour, Hor.
indecorus -a -um, unbecoming ; a, of out-
ward appearance, unseemly, unsightly; motus,
Liv.; b, morally, indecorous, disgraceful; si
nihil malum, nisi quod turpe, inhouestum, in-
decorum, pravuin, Cic. ; indecorum est, with
Infin., C : \
indexensus -a -um (in and defeudo), un-
defended, unprotected ; Capua deserta indefen-
saque, Liv.
indefessus -a -um, unwearied, untired,
Verg. _
indefletus -a -um (in and derleo), unwept,
Ov.
indejectus -a -um (in and dejicio), not
thrown down, Ov.
indelebllis -e (in and deleo), imperishable,
indelible; nomen, Ov.
indellbatus -a -um (in and delibo), «»"-
touched, uninjured, undiminished, Ov.
indemnatUS -a -um (in and damnatus,
from daiuno), uncondemnned ; cives, Cic.
indeploratus -a -um (in and deploro), tw-
wept, unlamentcd, Ov.
indeprehensus (indeprensus) -a -um
(in and deprehendo or deprendo), undiscovered,
unobserved ; error, Verg.
indesertUS -a -um, not forsaken, Ov.
indestriotus -a -um (in aud destringo), un-
touched, unhurt, Ov.
indetonsua -a -um (in and detondeo), un-
shorn, Ov.
lndevitatus -a -um (in and devito), tin-
avoided; telum, Ov.
index -dicis, c. (indlco). I. Lit, A. one
who informs or discloses, Cic. B. In a bad sense,
«;i informer, traitor, spy, Cic. II. Transf., A.
Of things, that which informs, a sign, token; vox-
index stultitiae, Cic; index digitus, Hor., or
simply index, Cic, the fore-finger. B. 1, thetitle
or inscription on a book ; libri, Cic. ; also on a
statue, Liv. ; 2, a touch-stone, Ov.
Indi -orum, in. ('Iv&oi), the inhabitants oj
India, the Indians; sing., Indus -i, iu. an
Indian; collective, Verg., Ov., and = an ele-
phant-driver, mahout, Liv. ; poet., a,= Aethiop-
ian, Verg.; b,=Arabian, Ov. Hence, A. India
-ae, f. i'lvSCa), India. B. IndlCUS -a -um
(IfSiKos), Indian. C. Indus -a -um ('It-ios),
Indian ; dens, ivory, Ov. ; conchae, pearls, Prop.
indicatio -ouis, f. (iudico), a setting a price
upon anything, a valuing, Plaut.
1. indicens -entis (in and dico), that does
not say; me indiceute, without my saying a
word, Liv.
'J. indicens, partie. of iudico.
indicium -ii, n. (index). L a discovery,
disclosure. A. Lit., con.juiationis, Cic; in-
dicia expouerc et edere, Cic. ; protiteri, to make
a confession before the judge, Sail. B. Transf., a,
permission to confess; indicium postulare, Cic. ;
b, a reward for giving evidence; partem indicii
accipere, Cic. II. a mark, sign, token, evidence ;
sceleris, Cic. ; indicio esse, to be a sign of, serve
to show, Ncp.
1. indico, l.(intens. of 2. iudico), to disclose,
declare, reveal, make known, betray, show, in-
dicate. I. Gen., rem deminae, Cic. ; dolorem
l.u'iimis, Cic. ; vultus iudicut mores, Cic. ; se
indicarc, to reveal one's own nature, Cic; in
pass., with nom. and inrin., Cic. ; with rel.
sent., Cic. II. A. to inform against, give evi-
dence about; couscios, Cic. B. to put a price
on, value; fuuduin alicui, Cic.
2. indioo -dixi -dictum, 3. to make publicly
known, announce, proclaim, fix, appoint. A.
Gen., alicui bellum, to declare war, Cic; com-
itia, Liv.; diem comitiis, Liv. ; exercitum Aqui-
leiam, order to, Liv. ; with ut and the subj., Liv.
B. to impose; tributum, Liv.
1. indictus -a -um (in and dico), not said,
unsaid, A, Lit., indictis carminibus uostris,
incl
274
ind
unsung, Verg. B. Esp., without a trial, with-
out a hearing; aliquem capitis condemnare, Cic.
2. indictus -a -urn, partic. of 2. indico.
Indious -a -uin, v. Indi.
intlidern, adv. (inde and idem), 1, from the
same place, from that very place ; indidein Amelia,
Cic. ; 2, trausf., from the same matter, Cic.
indiffcrens -entis (in and differo), ?'ii-
different (= a&id<t>opov), neither good nor bad, Cic.
indlgena -ae, c. (iudu and geno), native,
belonging to one's oihi country ; ana subst. (opp.
advena), a native; lie majores quideni eorum
indigenas, scd udvenas Italiae cultores, Liv. ;
of animals, bos, aper, Ov t .
indlgena, v. indigeo.
indigentia -ae, f. (indigeo), 1, want, need,
Cic. ; 2, insatiable desire, Cic.
indigeo -ui, 2. (indu — iu and egeo). I. to
want, need, stand in need of, suffer want of;
with genit., Ncp. ; witli abl., iis rebus quae ad
oppugnationeni castrorum sunt usui, Caes.
Subst., lndigens -entis, m. a needy person,
Cic. II. to need, require; with genit., tui con-
silii, Cic; with abl., cohortatioue non indigere,
Cic.
1. Indiges -getis, m. (iudu = in and geno),
1 native deity, esp. Aeneas and the descendants of
Aeneas, the fabled ancestors of the Romans. Sing.,
Jieiteas, Verg. ; plui'., the descendants of Aeneas,
Liv., Verg.
2. indiges -is (indigeo), needy, ap. Cic.
indigestus -a -um (in and digero), dis-
ordered, confused, unarranged ; chaos rudis
indigestaqiie moles, Ov.
Indigetes -um, m.. v. Indiges.
indignabundus -a -um (iudignor), filled
Kith indignation, greatly indignant, Liv.
indignandus -a -um (partic. of iudignor),
deserving indignation., to be scorned, Ov.
indignans -antis, p. adj. (from iudignor), im-
patient, indignant ; verba, Ov.
indignatlo -onis, f. (iudignor), 1, indigna-
tion, disdain; indignationom movere, Liv.; 2,
the rhetorical exciting of indignation, Cic.
indigne, adv. (indignus). I. unworthily,
disgracefully, dishonourably, undeservedly; in-
dignissime cervices frangere civium Roiuan-
oruni, Cic. II. impatiently, unwillingly, indig-
nantly; indigne pati, with aec. and infill., Cic;
indigne ferre, with quod and the subj., Cic
indignitas -atis, f. (indignus), 1, vnworthi-
ne*s, vileness ; honiinis, aeeusatoris, Cic; 2,
trausf., a, unworthy behaviour, meanness, indig-
nity, baseness; hominuni insolentium, Cic;
omnes indignitates pcrfcrrc, Cic. ; b, nieton.,
indignation at unworthy treatment, Cic.
indignor, 1. dcp. (indignus), to consider as
unworthy or unbecoming, take as an indignity,
be offended, indignant at ; aliquid, Cic. ; pro
aliqiio, Ov. ; foil, by quod, Caes.; by ace and
intin., Caes. ; transf. of things, pontem indig-
natus Araxes, Verg.
indignus -a -um. : I, wiworthy, not deserv-
ing; a, with abl., omni hoaore indignissimus,
Cic ; b, with genit., magnorum avorum, Verg.;
e> with supine, id auditu dicere indignura esse,
Liv.; d, with rel. ient., indigni erant qui im-
petrarent, to ohlain > Cic. ; e, with ut and the
subj., Liv.; f, with infin., Ov., Hor.; g,
absol., divitiae quivis, quamvis indignus, habere
potest, Cic. II. Transf., unworthy, unbecoming;
a, with abl.. mdignum eet sapientis gravitate
et uonstantla defendere, Cic ; b, abaol,, vn-
yorthy = disgraceful, shameful ; hoc into sol non
quidquam vidit indignius, Cic; indignuiii est,
witli intin. or ace and intin., it is unsuitable,
inappropriate; non indignum videtur memorare,
Sail.; it is iinworthy, disgraceful, shameful; in-
dignum est a pari vinci aut superiore, Cic ;
facinus indignum or indignum facinus, with
intin. or ace and infin. as an exclamation, it
would be disgraceful ; facinus indignum ! epis-
tulam neininem reddidisse, Cic.
indlgus -a -um (indigeo), needy, in want of;
with genit., nostrae opis, Verg.; with abl.,
auxilio, Lucr.
indiligens -entis, neglectful, negligent, heed-
less, Caes.
indiligenter, adv. with compar. (in-
diligens), carelessly, heedlessly, negligently, Cic.
indiligentia -ae, f. (indiligens), carelessness,
negligence; Aeduorum, Caes. ; litterarum amiss-
arum, Cic; vev\,inthe investigation of truth, Tac
indipiscor -deptus sum, 3. dep. (indu and
apiscor), 1, to reach, grasp, attain; in dep turn esse
navem manu ferrea injecta, Liv. ; 2, to obtain,
attain, get, Plaut.
indireptus -a -um (iu and diripio), mi-
pillaged, Tac.
indiscrete, adv. (indiscretus), without dif-
ference or distinction, Plin.
indiscretus -a -um (in and discerno), 1,
unsevered-, undivided., Tac. ; 2, undistinguished,
indistinguishable, without difference; proles in-
discreta suis, Verg.
indiserte,adv.(indisertus),i)if?o5ueTif?^, Cic.
indisertus -a -um, ineloquent; homo, Cic.
indispositUS -a-um, disorderly, unarranged,
confused, Tac.
indissolubilis -e, indissoluble ; iinniortak-s
el indissolubiles, Cic.
indissolutus -a -um (in and dissolvo), un-
dissolved, Cic.
indistinctus -a -um, 1, not separated, not
arranged, Cat. ; 2, transf., unarranged, con-
fused, indistinct, obscure, Tac
individiius -a -um, 1, indivisible ; corpora,
atoms, monads of tlie Democritean system, Cic. ;
subst, indlvidiium -i, n. an atom, Cic. ; 2,
inseparable, Tac
indivisus -a -um (in and divide), undivided,
Plin.
indo -didi -ditum, 3. I, to put in or on, srt
or place -in or on. A. Lit., aliqnent lecticae,
Tac. B. Transf., 1, to introduce ; novos ritus,
Tac. ; 2, to cause, occasion ; alicui pavoreni, Tnc.
II. to place on something. A. Lit., castella
rupibus, Tac B, to give, impose a name ; with
dat. of the name, Snperbo ei Romae inditum
cognomen, Liv.
indocllis -c. I. A. that cannot be taught,
that, learns with difficulty, untcujchahle, indocile;
I, lit., homo, Cic ; with intin., pauperism pati,
Hor. ; 2, ignorant, inexperienced; genus, Cia
B. that cannot be learned ; usus disciplina, Cic
II. untaught, unshown; via, Frop. ; numerus,
artless, Ov.
indocte, adv. (indoUus), ignorantly, in a.».
unlearned or Inexperienced manner; fiuere, Cic.
indoctUQ -a -um, untaught, unlearned, un-
skilled, Cic; with genit., pilae discive, Hor.;
with infin., juga ferre nostra., Hor. ; eapet indoc-
tum, without art, Hor.
indolentia -ae, f. (in and doleo>, freedom
from pain, absence of pain, Cic.
indoles -is, f. (indu and alo), 1, natural con-
stitution or quality, nature ; wrvaru indolem (of
plants), Liv. ; 2, of men, natural disposition,
ind
:/o
ine
talents, inclination ; adolescentes bona indole
praediti, Cic. ; indoles virtutis or ad virtutem,
Cic.
indolesco -ddlui, 3. (in and doleo), to be
pained, grieved at any thing, Cic. ; with ace.
and infin., tarn sero se cognoscere, Cic. ;
with abl., nostiis n-.alis, Ov. ; with neut. ace,
id ipsum indoluit Juno, Ov. ; with quod or
quia, Ov.
indomabilis -e, that cannot be tamed, in-
domitable, Pl'aut.
indomitus -a -um (in and domo), 1, untamed,
unrestrained, wild ; a, of persons, pastores,
Caes. ; Mars, furious fight, Yerg.; b, transf., of
things, cupiditas, furor, libido, Cic; 2, v.n-
tameable, invincible; mors, Hor. ; Falernum,
indigestible, Pers. ; ira, Verg.
indormio -ivi -itum, 4. to sleep in or on any-
thing ; with dat., congestis saccis, Hor. ; fig. to
go to sleep over any occupation, be negligent in;
with dat. or in and the abl., tantae causae, Cic;
huic tempori, Cic. ; in isto homine eolendo tarn
indorniivisse diu, Cic
indotatUS -a -um, without a dowry, portion-
less. I. Lit., soror, Hor. II. Transf., corpora,
without funeral honours, Ov. ; ars, unadorned,
poor, without the gift of eloquence, Cic.
indu, archaic form of in (q.v.).
indubitate, adv. (indubitatus), undoubtedly,
Li v.
indubitatus -a -um (in and dubito), un-
doubted, not doubtful, certain, Plin.
indubito, 1. to doubt of; with dat., suis
viribus, Verg.
indubius -a -uni, not doubtful, certain, Tac.
induciae = indutiae (q.v.).
induco -duxi -ductam, 3. I. to draw over.
A. to draw something over something else in order
■to cover it ; 1, gen., tectorium, Cic. ; varias plu-
mas meinbris, Hor. ; 2, to put on articles of
clothing, arms, etc.; mani bus caestns, Verg.; poet.
pass, with ace, toga iuducitur artus, Verg. B.to
cover; 1, scuta pellibus, Cass. ; 2, to erase writ-
ing on tablets, to draw a line through; iiomiiia,
Cic; to revoke, make invalid; senatus consul-
tuni, locationeni, Cic. C. to bring in, to reckon
in one's account-book; pecuniam in rationem, Cic.
II. to lead or bring in. A. Lit., 1, inilites in
pugnam, Liv. ; 2, esp. a, to bring into a dwell-
ing ; in regiam habitandi causa, Caes.; b, to
introduce or bring upon the stage or circus, pro-
duce on the stage; gladiatores, Cic B. Transf.,
1, gen., aliquem in errorein, Cic; discordiam in
civitateni, to introduce, Cic ; 2, aiiiinuin, or in
aniniuni ; a, to bring one's mind to, to resolve;
potuit inducere aniniuni, ut patrein esse sese
oblivisceretur, Cic. ; b, to direct one's attention
to; iu spem cogitationemque meliorem, Cic;
3, to induce, move, excite, persuade; ad miseri-
cord jam, ad pigendum, Cic. ; with ut and the
subj., aliquem ut nientiatur, Cic ; with inliii.,
Tac ; absol., inductus spe, cupiditate, influenced
by, Cic; 4, to bring in, introduce, represent in
speaking or writing; hinc ille Gyges iuducitur
a Platoue, Cic ; 5, to bring in, introduce a
custom ; morem novum judicioruni in rempubli-
cam, Cic.
inductio -onis, f. (induco), a- leading or
bringing to a place. A. Lit., 1, into the arena ;
■juvenum aruiatoriuu, Liv.; 2, of water, in-
ductiones aquarum, Cic. B. Transf., 1, animi,
■resolve, determination, intention, Cic; 2, erroris,
.misleading, Cic ; 3, personarum ticta inductio,
feigned introduction of persons in a corn-position,
Cic. ; 4, induction, Cic.
Inductor -oiis, m. (induco), om wh) itiri
ftp or rouse^ a chastiser. Plant.
1. inductus -a -um (partie of induco).
2. inductus -u, m. (induco), inducement,
instigation ; liuius persuasu et iuductu, Cic.
indugredior = ingredior (q.v.).
indulgens -entis, p. adj. (from indulgeo),
kind, tender, indulgent ; peccatis, Cic ; in cap-
tivos, Liv. ; irarum indulgeutes lnhiistri, Liv.
indulgenter, adv. (indulgens), kindly, ten-
derly, obligingly, indulgently ; niiuis iudulgeuter
loqui, Cic.
indulgentia -ae, f. (indulgens), kindness,
tenderness, indulgence, with obj. genit. ; corporis,
Cic; with in and the ace, in captivos, Liv.
indulgeo -dulsi -dultum, 2. (in and dulcis).
I. Intransit., A. to be complaisant, forbearing,
■Indulgent, to indulge, gratify; sibi, Cic; sic
sibi indulsit, he allowed himself so many liberties,
Nep. B. Transf., 1, to give oneself up to,
indulge in; novis amicitiis, Cic; vino, Verg. ;
ordinibus, to enlarge, Verg. ; 2, to care for, attend
to ; valetudini, Cic ; hospitio.Verg. II. Transit.,
to give, to grant, allow, concede; alicui saiiguineui
suiun, Liv. ; largitionem, Tac.
induo -dui -dutum, 3.( = ivivui), toputon. I.
Lit., alicui tunicani, Cic; pass, with abl., socci
quibus indutus esset, Cic. ; indutusduabus quasi
personis, with two masks, i.e., playing a double
part, Cic. II. Transf., A. l,to clothe, surround,
cover; dii induti specie humana, clothed in human
form; homines in vultus ferarum, to clumge,
Verg. ; arbor iuduit se in fiorem, Verg. ; cratera
corona, to crown, with a garland, Verg. ; 2, to
put on, assume ; personam judicis, Cic ; pro-
ditorein et hostem, to play Hie part of, Tuc ;
socielatem, seditionem, to engage in, Tac; sibi
cognomen, Cic. B. 1, se in aliquid or alicui rei,
to fall into, fall on; se hastis, Verg. ; 2, transf.,
to entangle oneself in, become involved with; se
in captiones, Cic ; pass., indui confessione sua,
to be entangled in his own confession, Cic.
iudupedio, induperator = impedio,
imperator (q.v.).
indurcsco -durui, 3. to become hard. I.
Lit., stiria induruit, Verg. II. Transf., miles
induruerat pro Vitellio, had become confirmed in,
attachment for Vitellius, Tac.
induro, 1. to make hard, to harden. I. Lit.,
nivem ind; rat Boreas, Ov. II. Transf., to
harden, to steel; induratus resistendo hostium
timor, Liv.
1. Indus, v. India.
2. Indus -i, m. ("IvSot), 1, a river of India,
now Sind; 2, a river ofPhrygia and Caria.
industria -ae, f. (industrius), industry, dili-
gence ; in agendo, Cic. ; industriam in aliqua re
ponere, Cic. ; de industria, Cic, ex industria,
Liv., on pxirpose, purposely, intentionally.
industrie, adv. (industrius), industriously,
diligently, actively, Caes.
industrius -a -um (for indu-starius, from
industo = insto), diligent, active, zealous, in-
dustrious, assiduous, Cic.
indutiae -arum, f. (from induo = tempus In-
dutum, or insertum), a truce, armistice, suspen-
sion of hostilities ; indutias facere, Cic. ; d^r£,
I Liv, ; violare, Caes. ; runipere, Liv. ; postulart,
Sail. ; petere ab aliqud, Tfep. ; tollere.'Liv. ; per
indutias, during, Sail.
Indutlomarus -i, rii. prince ofth^Trsveri.
indutus, only in dat. -Ui, abl. plur. -ibuS, m.
(induo), a putting on a dress; ea, quern indutui
gevebat, vestis, Tac.
indttvlad -5rup, f. (laduo), doth*!, clcihir.g,
Plant.
inebrio, l. t 1, <o intoxicate^ inebrtat.i x flln t \
ino
276
LSi9
2, to saturate with ; aurein, to fill full of idle talk,
Juv.
Inedia -ae, f. (in and edo), fixating, abstinence
from food ; vigiliis et inedia necatus, Cic. ; inedia
cousuini, Cic.
ineditus -a -um (in and edo), nut published
or made known; juvenes, quorum inedita cura
{work, i.e. writings), Ov.
laofifabllis -e, unutterable, Plin.
inelegans -antis, inelegant, not choice, taste-
less, not beautiful; gen. with negative, orationis
copia, non inelegans, Cic.
inel&gantSr, adv. (inelegans), inelegantly,
tastelessly ; Ilistoria non ineleganter scripta, Cic. ;
iueleganter dividere, illogically, Cic.
ineluctabllls -e, that cannot be successfully
struggled against, inevitable ; fatuni, Verg.
inemorior -Siufiri, 3. dep., to die in or at;
tspectaculo, Hor.
memytus (incrntus) -a -uin (in and emo),
unbought ; dapes, Vei'g.
inenarrabilis -e, indescribable, inexpress-
ible; labor, Li v.
Inonarrablllter, adv. (inenarrabilis), in-
describably, Liv.
inenodabllis -e, (in aud enodo), inextric-
able ; res, inexplicable, Cic.
inoo -Ii (-ivi) -itum, 4. I. Intransit, to go
in, ei>tcr. A. Lit., ill urbeni, Liv. B. Transf.,
of time, to begin, commence ; iniens aetas, youth,
Cic. ; ab inennte aetate, from youth, Cic. II.
TraDsit., to go in, enter. A. Lit., doniuin, Cie. ;
viain, to enter upon, begin a journey, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to commence a period of time ; inita
aestatc, at the beginning of, Caes. ; 2, of some
kind of action, to begin, to enter upon; magis-
tratuni, Cic; proelium, Cic; 3, to undertake;
numerum, to enumerate, Liv. ; iniic rationem, to
■make an estimate, Cic, and transf., to consider,
Cicr. ; societatem cum aliquo, to enter into a league
with, Cic ; consilium, to form a plan, Caes. ;
gratiam ab aliquo, to earn thanks from, conciliate
the favour of, Cic. (pert, iuit = iuiit, Lucr. 4,314).
inepte, adv. (ineptus), unsuitably, inappro-
priately, absurdly, foolishly ; dicere, Cic.
Ineptlae -arum, f. (ineptus), foolish behav-
iour, silliness, absurdity, foolery; hoininum in-
eptiaeac stultitiae, Cic. ; ut eos partimsceleruni
suorum, partini etiani ineptiaruui poeniteat,
Cic.
IncptTo, 4. (ineptus), to talk foolishly, talk
nonsense, Cat.
ineptus -a -um (in and aptus), unsuitable,
inappropriate, tasteless, foolish, absurd, silly;
negotium, Cic; Graeculuti', Cic ; subst. plur.,
incpti -drum, pedants, Cic ; eonipar., nam
quidest ineptius quain, etc., Cic
imrmis -c, and inerraus -a -um (in aud
anna), unarmed, weaponless. I. Lit., a, gen.,
Cic ; gingiva, toothless, Juv. ; milites, Caes. ; b,
of countries, undefended by troops; ager, Liv.
II. Transf., in philonophia, not well versed in,
Cic ; carmen, inoffensive, offending no one, Ov.
1. inerrans -antis (in and erro), not yvander-
ing, fixed; stellae inerrantes, Cic.
2. inerrans -antis, rartic. of burro.
Inerro, 1. to rove or wander about, ?lin.
iners -ertis (in and ars). I. simple, unskil-
ful; poeta iners, Cic. II. inactive, lazy, idle,
ivArt, sl-xggish, slothful. A. a, homo, senectus,
Cic. ; b, transf. of things and abstractions, (a)
gen.jOtium, Cic. ; aqua, stagnant, Ov.; aequora,
undisturbed by wind, Lucr. ; stomachus, not
digesting, Ov. ; teria, immovable, Hor. ; querelae.
useless, Liv. ; (fi) of time during which nothing
is doue, idle; hora, Hor.; tempus, Ov. ; (y) of
food, earo, insipid, Hor.; (5) act., making idle
ov slothful; frigus, Ov. B. cowardly, Cic.
inertia -ae, f. (iners), 1, unskilfulncss, want
of skill, Cic ; 2, slothfulness, sluggishness; laboris,
aversion to labour, Cic
ineruditus -a -um, unlearned, illiterate,
ignorant, Cic.
inesco, 1. to allure with a bait; transf., to
entice, deceive; nos caeci specie parvi benelicii
iuescamur, Liv.
inevectus -a -um (in imd eveho), raised
upon, borne upon, Verg.
inevitabills -e, inevitable, unavoidable ; ful-
meii, Ov.
inexcitus -a-um (iu and excieo), unmoved,
unlet, Verg.
inexcusabilis-e, without excuse, inexcusable,
Hor.
inexercitatus -a -um (in and exercito), un-
exercised, unpractised ; miles, undrilled, Cic;
histrio, Cic. ; prompti et nou inexercitati ad
dicendum, Cic.
inexhaustus -a -um (in and exhaurio), un-
exhausted, inexhaustible ; mctalla, Verg. ; pub-
ertas, unenfeebled, Tac
inexorabiiis -e, inexorable, not to be moved
by entreaty ; a, of persons, in ceteros, Cic. ;
adversus te, Liv. ; delictis, Tac ; b, of things,
discipliua, severe, Tac.
inexpeditus -a -um, hampered; pugna, Liv.
inexperrectus -a -um (inaudexpergiscor),
not awakened, Ov.
inexpertus -a -um. I. Act., inexperienced,
unpractised, unacquainted with; with geilit. ,
lasciviac, Tac. ; with dat., bonis inexpertus
atquu iusuetus, Liv. ; with ad and the ace,
animus ad coiltuineliain inexpertus, Liv. II,
Pass., 1, untried, v not tempted- ; lie quid inex-
perbum relinquat, Verg.; 2, untried, untested;
a, of persons, legioues bello civili inexpertae,
Tac ; b, of things, puppis, Ov. ; fides, Liv.
inexpiabilis -e (in and expio), 1, includable ;
scelus, Cic ; 2, implacable, irrecoucileable; homo,
Cic. ; bellum, obstinate, Cic.
inexplebilis -e (in and expleo), insatiable,
that cannot be satisfied ; 1, lit., Sen.; 2, transf.,
a, of things, cupiditas, Cic ; populi lances,
Cic; epularum foedaet inexplebilis libido, Tac ;
b, of jiersons, with geilit., vir inexplebilis vir-
tutis veraequo laudis, with an insatiable de-
sire for, Liv.
inexpletus -a -um (in and expleo),unftlletl,
insatiate, insatiable : inexpletus lacrimans, that
cannot besatisfted with weeping, Verg.
inexplicabilis -e {that cannot be untied)
transf., 1, intricate, impracticable, difficult ; in-
explicabiles continuia linbribua viae, impassable,
Liv. ; legatio, Impracticable, Cic. ; res dimctlia et
inexplicabilis, Cic. ; facilitas, leading to no result,
Liv.; 2, inexplicable; hacc inexplicabilis es3e
dieitis, Cic.
inexplorato, adv. (inexploratus), without
exploring, without reconnoitring ; proticiscj, Liv.
inexploratus -a -um (in and exploro), un-
explored, uninvestigated; stagui vada, Liv.
inexpugnabills -e, unconquerable, impreij-
rvible. I. Lit., a, arx, Liv.; b, gramen.'^icrf
cannot be rooted out. Ov. ; via, inaccessible, Liv.
II. Transf., with dat., inexpugnabile amorl
pectus, Ov. ; of persons, volumus cum qui
beatus sit tutuin esse, inexpuguabilem, saeptuio
atque lnuuitum, Cic.
me
277
inf
luexspectatus -a -nm, unlooked-for, unex-
pected, Cic.
inexstinctus -a -nm (in andexstinguo), un-
extinguished, inextinguishable ; 1, lit., ignis, Ov. ;
2, transf., fames, libido, insatiable, Ov.; nomcn,
immortal, Ov.
■ inoxsuperabills -e, tliat cannot be passed
over or crossed, insurmountable. A. Lit., Alpes,
Liv. ; palmles, Liv. B. Transf., a.misurpass-
ahle, Liv. ; b, insuperable ; vis i'ati, Liv.
inextricabilis -e (in ami extrieo), that
cannot be disentangled, inextricable. ; error, mazes
outofu-hichitis impossible to find one's way, Verg.
infabre, adv. unskilfully, in an unworkman-
like manner ; vasa non infabre facta, "Liv.
Infabricatua -a -tun (in and fahrico), iin-
wrouyht, unfushiojied ; robora, Verg.
lnfacete (inf loete), adv. (infacetus), taste-
lessly, coarsely, without humour, Suet.
infaoetlae (Inf Icetlae) -arum, f. (infacet-
us), coarse jests, poor wit, Cat.
infacetus nnd inficetus -a -um (in and
facetus), coarse, rude, unmannerly, unpolished,
without hitmour or wit ; homo non infacetus,
Cic. ; transf., mendacium non infacetum, Cic.
infacundus -a -um, not eloquent ; vir acer
nee infacundus, Liv.; compar., quia infacundior
sit, Liv.
infamia -ae, f. (infamis), iU report, sliame,
dishonour, disgrace, ignominy, infamy; 1, lit.,
infamiam inferre, Cic. ; movere, to cause, Liv. ;
infamia aspergi, to come into bad repute, Nep. ;
infamia flagrare, Caes. ; infamiam habere, Caes. ;
subire infamiam sempiternam, Cic; 2, meton.,
the cause of ill repute and infamy ; nostri saecli,
the disgrace of our age, Ov. ; infamia silvae (of
Cacus), Ov.
Infamis -e (in and fama), 1, of ill repute,
disreputable, infamous; homines vitiis atque
dedecore infames, Cic; vita, Cic. ; 2, bringing
into ill repute, disgraceful ; nuptiae, Liv.
infamo, 1. (infamis), 1, to bring into ill
repute, make infamous, defame; aliqnem, Nep.;
aliquid, Cic. ; 2, to blame, accuse, find fault with;
rem, Liv.
infandus -a -um (in and fari), unutterable,
unspeakable, unheard of, unnatural, abominable;
corpus eius impnrum et infandum, Cic ; caede. ,
Liv. ; dolor, labores, dies, Verg. Subst., in-
fanda -orum, n. unheard-of enormities, Liv.;
/iifandum or infauda ! abominable .' Verg.
infans -fantis (in and fari). I. A. dumb,
speechless, Cic. B. Of children, not able to speak ;
ad.j.= young, subst.= a little child ; 1, a, lit.,
filius, Cic ; infantibus parcere, Caes. ; b, meton.,
(a) poet., belonging to a child; pectora infantia,
Ov. ; (j8) childish, foolish; omnia fuere infantia,
Cic. II. without the gift of speech, devoid of
eloquence ; Infantes et insipientes homines, Cic. ;
transf., pudor, embarrassed, Hor. ; meton., his-
toria, Cic
Infantia -ae, f. (infans). I. A. inability to
speak; linguae, Lucr. B. childhood (up to the
age of seven) ; prima ab infantia, Tac II.
Transf., want of eloquence, slowness of speech, Cic.
infarcio (infercio) -farsi (-fersi). -farsum
(-fersum) and -fartum (-fertum), 4. (in and
farcio), to stuff in, cram in, stuff full of; lig.,
neque inferciena verba quasi rimas expleat, Cic.
infatigabilis -e, that cannot, be wearied,
indefatigable, Plin.
infatuo, 1. (in and fatuus), to make, a fool of,
infatuate ; aliquem mercede publica, Cic.
infaustus -a -um, unlucky, unfortunate;
auspicium, Verg. ; dies, Tac.
infector -oris, in. (inficio), a dyer, Cic.
1. infectus -a -um (in and facio). I. till-
worked, unwrought ; argentuni, Liv.; aurum,
Verg. II. A. undone, unfinished, incomplete:
pro infecto habere, to consider as having never
taken place, Cic; infects re (without having ac-
complished tlie business) discedere, Caes., ab-
ducere exercitnm, Liv. ; infecto negotio. Sail. ;
infecta victoria, Liv. ; infecta pace, Liv. ; in-
fecto bello, Liv. ; reddere infectum, to make void,
Hor. B. Transf., impracticable, impossible ;
rex nihil infectum Melello credens, Sail.
2. infectus, partic of inficio.
infecundltas -atis, f. (infecundus), barren-
ness, sterility; terrarum, Tac.
infecundus -a -nm, unfruitful, barren,
sterile ; ager, Sail. ; fig., fons (ingenii), Ov.
infelicltas -atis, f. (infelix), ill-luck, un-
happiness, misfortune; haruspicum, Cic. ; alicuiu8
in liberis, Liv.
infeliciter, adv. (infelix), unluckily, un-
fortunately; totiens infeliciter temptata arma,
Liv.
infelico, infelioito, l. (infelix), to make
miserable, Plaut.
infelix -icis. I. unfruitful, barren; teJlus
frugibus infelix, Verg. II. Transf., A. unlucky,
unhappy, miserable; a, of persons, honiomiserri-
mus atque infelicissiuuis, Cic. ; infelicior donii
quam militiae, Liv.; with genit., animi, in miml,
Verg.; with abl., operis siuiima, Hor.; b, of
things, patria, Verg. B. Act., causing unhappi-
ncss, unfortunate, unlucky; 1, gen., a, of per-
sons, qui reipublicae sit infelix, Cic; b, of
things, consilium, Liv. ; 2, esp., infelix arbor,
the gallows, Cic.
infense, adv. (infensus), hostilely, acrimon-
iously ; infense invectus, Tac. ; quia Isocrati est
adversatus infensius, Cic.
infenso, 1. (infensus), to treat in a hostile
manner; Armeniam bello, to attack, Tac.
infensus -a -um (in and *fendo), hostile,
full of hate, and bitterness, enraged ; a, of per-
sons, rex ira infensus, Liv. ; with dat., infensus
allcui, Verg.; with in and the arc, eo infeini-
oribus in se quam in ilium judicibus, Liv.; b,
of things, animus, Cic; opes principibus in-
fensae, dangerous, Tac
infer -a -um, infer! -iirum, v. inferus.
inferlae -aruin, f. (inferi), sacrifices or offei^-
ings in honour of thedead ; alicui inferias afferrc,
Cic.
infercio, v. infarcio.
inferior, v. inferus.
inferius, 1, adv., v. infra.; 2, neut. adj., v.
inferus.
infernS, adv. (infernus), on the lower side,
beneath, below, Lucr.
infernus -a -um (infer), thai which is beloxo,
lower. I. Gen., partes, Cic. II. Esp., a, un-
derground; grirges, Ov. ; b, of or relating to the
lower world, infernal; rex, Pluto, Verg.; Juno,
Proserpine, Verg, ; palus, the Styx, Ov. Hence
subst., a, infemi -ornm, m. the inhabitants of
the lower world, Prop. ; b, inferna -orum, n.
the lower world, infernal regions, Tac.
infero, intiili, illatum, inferre, to bring, hear,
carry in, to put or place, on. I. Lit., A. Oen.
templis ignes inferre, to set fire to, Cic; aliquid in
ignem, Caes.; in equum, to put on horseback, Caes.
B. Esp., a, to bury, inter, Cic. ; b, to give in an
account; rationes, Cic; sumptnm civibus, to
charge, put to the account of; c, to sacrifice, pay ;
honores Anchisae, Verg. ; d, manus alicui or in
aliquem, to lay hands on, Cic. ; alicui vim, to do
violence to, Cic. ; e, signa in hostem, to attack,
inf
27S
inf
charge, Caes.; !", belluni alicui, or contra ali-
qiiem, to make irar on, lent war against, Cic ;
g, pedem, to enter, Cic. ; in a hostile meaning,
to attack ; alicui, Liv. ; so gradum, Liv. ; h,
reflex, and middle ; (a) reflex., se inferre, to he-
take oneself, to go, lucus quo se persaepe in-
ferebat, Liv.; to charge the enemy; effusi se
stantibus vobis intnlerint, Liv. ; 03) middle, in-
ferri in urbem, Liv. II. Transf., A. sc in
periculum, to fall into, Cic. B. a, to produce,
bring forward ; sermoriem, to speak, Cic; men-
tionem, to mention, Liv. ; b, to cause, occasion ;
spem alicui, Caes. ; hostibus terrorem, Cic. ;
periculum civibus, Cic. ; c, to excite or seek to
excite ; misericordiam, invidiam, Cic. ; d, to in-
fer, conclude, Cic.
infersus and infertus, v. infaroio.
inferus -a -um (connected with evepoi), and
infer -a -nm, compar. inferior, superi. in-
fimus and lmus -a -nm. I. Positive,
inferus -a -urn, 1, that which is below, lower
(opp. superus) ; mare, tlie Etruscan Sea (opp.
mare Superum, the Adriatic), Cic. ; 2, that
which is in the lower world; inferi dii, Cic.
Subst., inferi -drum and -um, m. the departed,
the dead, the lower world ; ab inferis exsistire,
to rise from the dead, Liv. ; apud inferos, in the
lower world, Cic; elicere animas inferorum,
Cic, ab inferis excitare or revocare, to raise
from the dmd, Cic. II. Compar., inferior,
neut. inferius, genit. -Kris, the lower (opp.
superior), 1, of position, labrum, the. under-lip,
Caes. ; ex inferiori loco dicere, to speak from the
body of the court (opp. ex superiori loco, from,
the tribunal), Cic; 2, transf., a, of order, versus,
the pentameter, Ov. ; b, of time, later, younger;
aetate inferiores, Cic. ; c, of number, inferior
nnmero navium, weaker, Caes.; d, of rank, lower,
meaner, of less importance; gracilis, Cic. ; inferioris
juris magistrates, Liv.; e, of power, weaker;
with abl., inferior nnimo, Caes. ; fortuna, in
fortune, Cic; in jure civili, Cie. III. Superi.,
A. infimus (infumus) -a -um, the lowest
(opp. snmraus) ; 1, lit., a, soliun, Caes.; b,
nd inflmos montes, at the bottom of the mountains,
Nep.; ab inflma ara, from the bottom of the altar,
Cic; 2, transf., of position, lowest, meanest; in-
flmo loco natus, Cic; faex popnli, Cic; precibus
intlmis, with abject prayers, Liv. B. imus
-a -um, the lowest ; 1, lit., a, sedes ima, Cic ;
ab imo,/ront the bottom, Caes.; ab imo suspirare,
to sigh deeply, Ov. ; neut. plur.j ima -orum,
the lower world, Ov. ; b, ab imis unguibus ad
verticem snmmuni, Cic. , gurges, the bottom of,
Ov. ; 2, transf., a, of tone, deepest, lowest; vox
ima, Hor. ; b, of position, superi imique
deorum.Ov.; c, the last; mensis, Ov.; ad imam,
to the end, Hor., aDd at the etui, Hor.
infervesco -ferbOi, 3. to begin to boil, grow
hot, to be boiled down ; hoc ubi confusum sectis
inferbuit herbis, Hor.
infeste, adv. (infestus), in a hostile manner,
Liv.; compar., infestius atque inimicius, Liv.;
superi., inimicissime atque infestissime, Cic
Infesto, 1. (infestus), to attack, harass, die-
rpiiet; latus dextrum, Ov.
infestus -a -um (in and *fendo). I. Act.,
hostile, inimical, dangerous, troublesome ; 1, of
things, a, provincia Gallia, Cic; with dm. ,
alicui invisus infestusque, Cic. ; with in and the
ace, infestus iu suos, Cic; b, milit. 1. 1., with
hostile intent, in hostile array, prepared for
battle; ab Tibure infesto agmine profecti, Liv. ;
2, of things, infestis oculis conspici, Cic. ;
infestis signis, in hostile array, Caes. ; hnsta
infesta, with lance couched, Liv. ; infestis pilis,
ready for the throw, Caes. II. Pass., made
dangerous, unsafe, insecure, molested ; iter, Cie.J
innre infestnm habere, Cic ; with abl., via ilia
inenrsionibus bavbarorum infesta, Cic
inficetus, inficete = infacetus, infaccte
(q.v.).
inficlo -feci -fectum, 3. (in and facio). I.
to put or dip into anything ; hence, to tinae, dye,
stain, colour; 1, lit., a, se vitro, Caes.; rivoa
sanguine, Hor. : ora pallor albus infieit, makes
colourless, Hor.; b, to mix with; hoc (dictarnno)
fusum labris splendentibus amnem mneit,Verg.;
2, transf., to imbue, instruct ; (puer) jam inlici
debet in artibus, etc., Cic II. 1, to poison :
Gorgoneis Alecto infecta venenis, Verg. ; 2,
transf., to taint, .infert, corrupt; ut cupidi-
tatibus principum et. vitiis intici solet tota
civitas, Cie. ; poet., infectum scelus, the crime
with which they arc stained, Verg.
inf Idelis -e, unfaithful, untrue, jierfidiaus,
faithless, cic ; snperl., inlidelissimi socii, Cic
infidelitas -tatis, f. (infldelis), unfaithful-
ness, faithlessness ; amicitiarum, Cic
infideliter, adv. (infldelis), unfaithfully,
faithlessly, Cic.
InfidUS -a -um, u n fa ithfttl, faithless, untrue ;
a, of persons, amici, Cic; b, of things, so-
cietas regni, Liv. ; nihil est eniin stabile quod
infidiim est, Cic.
inf lgo -tixi -fixum, 3. to fix, fasten to, or in,
to thrust in. I. Lit., gladiiim iiosti in pectus,
Cic; hasta inflgitur portae, Verg. II. Transf.,
to imprint, impress, fix; cura erit intixa nnimo,
Cie. ; animus infixus est in patriae caritate,
Cic; in hominum sensibus positum atque in-
fixum est, Cic; intixum est, it is fixed, finally
resolved, Tac
inf imatis -is, m. (infimus), n person of the
lowest condition, Plant.
infimus -a -nm, superi. of inferus (q.v.).
infindo -fftH -Assam, 3. to cut in, cleave;
suleos tellnri, Verg. ; poet., sulcos inari, to sail
through the sea, Verg.
infinitas -tatis, r. (in and finis), infinity,
endlessness ; infinitns locorum, Cic; in infilli-
tatem omnem peregrinari, Cic.
infinite, adv. (infinitns), infinitely, bound-
lessly, endlessly ; partes secare ct ' divider?, Cic. ;
conenpiscere, Cic
inf initio -Onis, f. (infinitus), infinity, Cic.
inf initus -a -um (in and finio). 1. 1, lit.., of
space, altitudo, Cic; 2, transf., a, of time, end-
lets, unceasing ; tempus, Cic ; odium, Cic ; b, of
number, countless; intinita corporum varietas,
Cic. ; c, of extent, size, degree, boundless, im-
mense ; magnitudo, Caes. ; silva, Cic; infinitum
est, with infin., Cic; subst., infinitum
-i, n. that which is boundless, Cic. II. indefinite,
general ; infinitior distributio,".Cic
infirmatio -onis, f. (infirmo), 1, a refuting ;
rationis, Cic; 2, invalidating; reriim judicat-
arum, Cic
infirme, adv. (infinnus), weakly, faintly;
socii infirme aniraatt, Cie.
infirmitas -tntis, f. (infirmus), weakness,
powerlessness, infirmity ; 1, corporis, Cic ; vale-
tudinis, Cic; 2, transf., a, mental weakness;
hominum, Cic ; animi, want of spirit, want of
courage, Cic; b, instability, unsteadiness of
character; Qallorum, Caes.
infirmo, 1. (infirmus), to weaken: 1, lit., le-
eiones, Tac; 2, transf., a, to shake; tidem
testis, Cic; b, to refute; res leves, Cic; c, to
annul; acta ilia atque omnes res superioris
anni, Cic.
infinnus -a -um, weak, feeble, infirm. I,
inf
279
inf
Lit., physically, vires, Cic. ; classis, Cic. ; in-
firmi homines ad resistendum, Caes. II.
Transf., a, weak; res Inflrma ad probandum,
Cic. ; b, mentally and morally, weak, timorous;
animo inflrmo esse, Cic. ; superstitious, Hor.
infit, defective verb= incipit, 1, he or she
begins; with infin., Yerg. ; esp., 2, he or she
begins to speak, Verg.
inf itiae, f. (in and fateor), a denial ; found
only in ace, infltias ire nliquid, to deny any-
thing, Liv. ; wlth-acc: and infln., infrtias eunt^
they deny, mercedem se belli Romanis infer-
endi pactos (esse), Liv. ■
infitialis -e (infitiae), negative, containing
a denial; quaestio, Cic.
infitiatlo -onis, f. (infitior), re denying;
negatio infttiatioque facti, Cic,
inf itiator -oris, m. (infitior), one who denies
or disavows a debt or deposit, Cic.
- infitior, 1. dep. (in and fateor), to deny,
disavow, not to confess? 1, with ace, veruiii,
Cic. ; with ace. and infin., neque ego in hoc me
hominem esse inlitiabor unquam, Cic. ; 2, to
deny a debt, refuse to restore a deposit; quid si
infitiatur? Cic.
inflammatio -onis, f. (inflammo), a fire,
conflagration, ; inferre inflainmationem tectis,
Cic; transf., auiinnruin, /tre, inspiration, Cic.
inflammo, 1. A. to light -up, kindle, set fire
to; taedas, Cic; classem, Cic. B. Transf., to
inflame, excite, stir up, stimulate; populum in
iinprobos, Cic ; inflammari ad cupiditates, Cic;
infiammatus ipse (orator) et aniens, fiery, Cic
infiatio -5nis, f. (inflo), of the body,' a
puffing up, blowing out, flatulence ; inflationcm
inagnam habere, to cause flatulence, Cic
inflatius, adv. in compar. (inflatus), too
pompously, proudly, haughtily ; haec ad eum
latins atque inflatius perscribebat, Cic.
1. in flatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from inflo). A.
swelling, swollen; collum, Cic. B. Transf., a,
scornful; animus, Cic; b, haughty, proud;
laetitia, ape, Cic.
2. inflatus -ils, m. (inflo), 1, a blowing into ;
piimo inflatu tibiciuis,at the first blast, Cic; 2,
inspiration; divinus, Cic
inflecto -flexi -flexum, 3. to bend, bmv, curve.
I. Lit., bacillum, Cic. ; quum ferrum se inflexis-
set, Caes. ; inflectere nullum unquam vestigium
sui cursus, Cic; ocnlos, Cic; middle, innecti,
to curi:e ; sinus ab litore in urbem inflectitur,
Cic. II. Transf., a, jus civile, to warp, Cic; b,
to modulate the voice; inflexa ad miserabilem
sonum voce, Cic; c, to alter a name; suum
noinen ex Graeco, Cic ; d, of persons, to change,
move, affect ; aliquem leviter, Cic ; sensus ani-
mumque labantem, Cic
infletus -a -um (in and fleo), unwept,' un-
lamented, Verg.
infiexibilis -e, tlmt cannot be bent, inflexible,
Plin.
inflexio onis, f. (inflecto), a bending, sway-
ing ; laterum inflexio fortis ac virilis, Cic.
inflexus -us, m. (inflecto), a bending, curving,
Jnv.
infligo -flixi -flictum, 3. I. to utrike, knock,
dashagainst; alicui securim, Cic. ; puppis inflicta
vaclis, dashed on, Verg. II. to inflict, cause
hurl or damage ; mortiferam plngam, Cic; alicui
turpitudinem, Cic.
inflo, 1. I. to blow on or in; a, to play on
wind instruments ; calamos leves, Verg. ; tibias,
Cic. ; and absol., to give a blast; simul inflavit
tibicen, Cic. ; b, to produce by blowing ; sonum,
Cic II. to blow out ; 1, lit., a, to puff out, to
swell; ambas buccas, Hor. ; ainnis inflatus (aqnls),
Liv. ; b,to blow out a sound fully ; aliquid exten-
uatur, inflatur, Cic ; 2, transf., to pxiffup, make
proud or arrogant, elate; animos falsa spe, Liv. ;
inflatus laetitia, Cio.
infiuo -fluxi -fluxum, 3. to flow in, streamin.
Caes. A. Lit., non longe a marl, quo Rhenus
influit, Rhenus in Oceanum inflult, Caes. ; with
simple ace, lacum, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to come
in unawares, to steal in ; in aures, Cic. ; in animos,
Cic. ; 2, to stream in, rush in, flow in ;. in Italiam
Gallorum copiae, Cic.
infodio -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig in, bury;
corpora terrae, Verg. ; taleas in terrain, Caes, .
informatio -onis, f. (informo), a conception,
idea ; Dei, Cic ; antecepte animo rei, an a priori
idea, Cic.
informis -e (in and forma), 1, formless, 'un-
formed ; alvei/ Liv. ; 2, unsltapely, misformed,
deformed, hideous ; cadaver, Verg. ; hiems, Hor.
informo, 1. to give form and shape, to, to form,
fashion. I. Lit., clipeum, Verg. II. Transf.,
a, to form ; animus a natura bene informatus,
Cic ; b, to form by instruction, instruct ; .artes
quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatern informari
solet, Cic. ; c, to sketch, represent, depict ; orat-
orem, Cic. ; causam, Cic; d, to form an idea,
conception, image of anything ; eos (deos) ne con-
jectura quid em informare posse, form, a con-
jectural idea of, Cic
infortunatus -a -um, unfortunate, unliappy,
miserable; nihil me infortunatius, Qic
infortunium -ii, n. (in and fortuua), mis-
fortune, ill luck, Hor., Liv.
infra (for infera, sc. parte, from inferos). I.
Adv., 1, lit., a, gen. (a) posit, on t\ve under
side, below, beneath; innumeros supra infra,dextra
sinistra deos esse. Cic. ; in writing, eamm
(litterarum) exemplum infra scripsi or scriptum
est, Cic; (ji) compar. inferius, lower down; in-
ferius anis fraternos currere Luna adiniratur
equos, Ov. ; b, in the lower world, Tib.; 2,
transf., below (in rank), nee fere nnquam infra
ita descenderent ut ad inflmos pervemirent,
Liv. II. Prepos. with ace; 1, lit., Jn space,
beneath, below ; mare infra oppidum, Cic. ; infra
eum locum ubi pons erat, Caes. ; 2, transf., a,
of size, hi sunt magnitudine paulo infra (less
than) elephantos, Caes. ; b, of time, later than;
Homeras non infra superiorem Lycurgum fuit,
Cic; c, beneath, below, in rank, estimation; res
humanas infra se positas arbitrari, Cic.
infraotio -onis,' f. (infringo),. breaking;
transf., aniini, dejection, Cic
infractus -a -um (p. adj. from Infringo), 1,
broken, Plin.; 2, a, broken, exhausted; animos,
dejected., Liv. ; b, infracta loqui, to speak discon-
nectcdly, Cic.
infragilis -e, 1, not fragile, that cannot be
broken, Plin. ; 2, strong ; vox, Ov.
infremo -fremiii, 3.. to roar,' growl; aper,
Verg.
1. infrenatus -a -unr (in and fi^eno), without
bridle ; equites, riding without a bridle, Liv.
2. infrenatus -a -um, partlc of infreno.
infr-endeo, 2. to [gnash with the teeth; denti-
bus, Verg.
infrenis -e awl infrenus -a -um (in and
frenum), without bridle, unbridled ; equus, Verg.;
Numidae, riding without bridle, Verg.
infreno, L 1, lit, to bridle; equos, Liv.4
currus, to harness tlie horses to the chariot, Verg. ;
2, transf., to restrain, hold back, check; horum
altemm sic fuisse. infrenatum conacientiS seel-
eiuni et fraudium suarum ut, etc, Cic.
inf
280
mg
infrequens -entis, infrequent. I. Of space.
A. not numerous, few in number ; hostcs, Liv. ;
copiae infrequentiores, Caes.; seiiatus infre-
quens, Cic. B. Of places, not full, scantily
populated ; pars urbis infrequens aediticiis crat,
Liv.; causa, attended by few hearers, Cic; subst.,
infrequentissima urbis, the least populous parts
of the city, 1 A\; IL Of time ; of persons, not
doing a thing often, infrequent, occasional;
deomm cultor, Hor.
lnfrSquentla -ae, f. (infrequens), 1, few-
ness, scantiness of number, thinness; seuatus,
Cic. ; 2, solitude, loneliness ; locorum, Tae.
infrlco -fricfii -fiictuin and -frlefitum, 1. to
rub in nr on, Plin.
infringo -ftvgi -fraetum, 3. (in and frango).
I. to breal:, break off, break in pieces. A. Lit.,
remum, Cic. ; hastain, Liv. B. Transf., to break,
destroy, impair, check, enfeeble, cast down ; vim
miiitum, Caes. ; spem, Cic. ; conatus adversar-
iorum, Caes. ; aninmtn, Liv. ; Samnitiuin vires,
Liv. II. to knock against; liminibus lumbos,
Hor.
lnfrons -frondis, leafless; ager, treeless, Ov.
infructuosus -a -urn, unfruitful, transf.,
unproductive, fruitless, useless; militia, Tac. ;
latis, Tac.
infucatus -a -um (in and fuco), rouged,
painted; fig. vitia, Cic.
infula -ne, f. a band or fillet made of locks
of wool, knotted at intervals, worn by priests and
Vestal virgins, and -used to decorate victims,
altars, etc., Cic; also worn by suppliants, Caes.;
hence, something hnly ; his insignibus atque in-
fulis imperii Romani venditis, the inalienable
pidilic land, Cic.
infulftus -a -um (infula), adorned with or
wearing the infula, Suet.
infulcio -fnlsi -fultuin, 4. to stuff in, cram
in, Suet.
inf undo -ffldi -ffisum, 3. I. to pour in or
on. A. Lit., 1, aliquid In vas, Cic; 2, to
administer; alicui vencnum, Cic; alicui pocnlum,
to present, Hor. B. Transf., a, of a crowd of
people, gen. reflex., se infundere or passive
infundi as middle = to pour in, stream in; in-
fusus populns, collected in large, numbers, Verg. ;
b, of wind, sound, etc., to pour into, to allow
to penetrate ; passive as middle = to penetrate,
Cic. ; vitia in eivitatem, Cic. II. to pour on
or over. A. Lit., a, of liquids, largos humeris
rores, Verg. ; b, of lwidies not liquid, ignis
infusii9, Liv. B. Transf., infusns with dat.,
spread, lying on; gremio, Verg.
infusco, 1. to make dark or black; to obscure,
blacken. I. Lit., vellera, arenam, Verg. II.
Transf., to disfigure, corrupt, stain ; vicinitas
non infuscata malevolentia, Cic. ; eos barbaries
infusciverat, Cic.
lnfusio -onls, f. (infundo), a pouring in or
on, infusion, Plin.
Ingaevones -um, m. a German tribe on the
shores of the North Sea. •
Ingaunl -orum, m. a I.igurian tribe.
lngemino, 1. I. Transit, to double, re-
double ; ictus, voces, Verg. II. Intransit., to
become double, to increase ; imber, clamor, Verg.
ingemisco (ingemesco) -gemiti, 3. I. In-
transit., to sigh or groan ; absol., nemo ingemuit,
Cic. ; with in and the abl., in quo tu quoque
ingemiscis, Cic. ; with dat., eius minis, Liv.
II, Transit., tn sigh or groan over; with ace,
quid ingemiscis hostem Dolabellam, Cic.
ingemo, 3. to sigh, groan over; with dat.,
laboribus, Hor. ; aratro, Verg.
ingenero, I. I. to implant in, generate,
riroiiuce : natnraingenerat amorem, Cic; pai'tic,
ingeneratus -a -um, implanted by nature,
innate, natural; familiae frugalitas, Cic. II. to
create; auimuin esse ingcneratuni a i)eo, Cic
ingeniatus -a -nm (iiigeninm), endowed by
nature, Plant
ingeniosc, ndv.(ingpninsiui), nrairfy, cleverly,
ingeniously ; lata tractare, Cic.
ingeniosus -a -nm (ingenium), 1, naturally
clever, talented, acute, able, ingenious ; quoquisque
est Kollertioi' el ingeniosior, Cic. ; 2, of inani-
mate objects, fit fir, adapted to; terra colenti,
Ov. ; ad segetes agw, Ov.
Ingenltus -a -um, partic. of ingigno.
ingenium -ii, n. (in and geno = gignn),
nature, natural constitution. I. Of things, ar-
voruin, Verg. II. Of men. A. natural dis-
position, temjterament, character; ingenio suo
vivere, after one's own inclination, Liv. B. a,
esp., cleverness, talent, mental power, genius;
doc.ilitas, memoria, quae fere appollantur lino
ingenii nomine, Cic; tardum, Rcerrimiini,
acutum, magnum, Cic; ad fingendum, Cic;
b, meton., a man of genius, a genius, Cic
ingens -entis (in and geno = gigno; lit..,
grown to a great size), vast, immense, enormous.
I. Lit., pecunia, campus, numerus, Cic II.
Transf., exitus, Verg.; belluni, Ov. ; with abl.,
ingens viribus, Liv. ; with genit., femiua ingens
animi, Tac.
ingenue, adv. (ingemius), 1, nobly, liberally ;
educatus, Cic ; 2, freely, frankly ; confiteri, Cic.
ingenuitas -tatis, f. (ingemius), 1, the con-
dition of a freeman, free-birth, Cic. ; ornamenta
ingenuitatis, Cic. ; 2, noble-mindedness, upright-
ness, frankness, Cic.
ingenuus -a -um (in and geno). I. native,
not Joreign ; fons, Liter. II. natural, innate,
color, Prop. HI. free-born, of free birth. A. Lit.,
Cic. B. Transf., a, that which becomes a free
man, noble, honourable; vita, artes, Cic; b,
frank, sincere; homo, Cic; e, weak, delicate, Ov.
ingero -gessi -gestum, 3. I. Lit., to carry,
throw, put, pour in or upon; lignafoco,Tib. ; hast as
in tergum fugientibus,Verg. ; saxa in subeuntes,
to hurl at, Liv. II. Transf., a, tn heap on, to
utter; probra, Liv.; convicia alicui, Hor.; b,
to press upon, force upon; alicui noinen, Tac;
aliquem (as judge), Cic.
ingestabilis -e, unbearable, intolerable;
onus, Plin.
ingigno -genui -genitum, 3. to implant by
birtk or nature; natura cupiditatem homini iu-
genuit veri videndi, Cic; partic, ingenltus
-a -um, innate, inborn ; ut habeat quiddam in-
genitum quasi civile atque popnlare, Cic.
inglorius -a -um (in and gloria), without
fame or glory, inglorious ; vita, Cic; rexapiini,
u nd ist ingu ish eil, Verg.
ingluvles -ei, f. (for ingulvies from in and
gula), 1, the craw or crop of birils, the. maw of
animals, Verg. ; 2, meton., gluttony, Hor.
ingrate, adv. (ingratus), 1, unpleasantly,
Ov. ; 2, ungratefully, Cic.
ingratia -ae, f. (ingratus), unthanlf illness,
in class. Lat. only in abl., ingratiis (ingratis),
against the will of, unwillingly, Cic
ingratis, v. ingratia.
ingratus -a -um, 1, unpleasant, unjileasing ;
ne iuvisa diis immortalibus oratio nostra ant
ingrata esse videatnr, Cic. ; 2, a, unthankful,
ungrateful; homo, Cic; ingrati animi crimen
horreo, Cic.; with in and the ace, ingratus
in Democritum, Cic. ; with genit., salutis, on
ing
281
ini
account of, Verg. ; with in ami the abl., In-
gratus in referenda gratia, Caes. ; of tilings,
ingluvies, insatiable, Hor. ; b, unprofitable,
thankless; labor, Sail.; pericula, Verg.
ingravesco, 3. 1, lit., to become heavy,
Piin.; 2, transf., a, in a good sense, hoc (philo-
sophise), studiuni cotidie iugraveseit, is fol-
lowed more seriously, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense ;
(a) to become annoying, troublesome; annona in-
eravescifc, become* dearer, C?o. ; iugraveseit in
dies malum iiifestiiiuin, Cii. ; (j3) to be oppressed,
■wearied; corpora exercitatioinim dcfatigatione
ingiavescunt, Cic.
ingravo, 1. to make heavy, to ojipress, trouble,
aggravate, render worse; ilia (conjugis imago)
ineos casus iugra vat, Cic; ingravathaecDrances,
Verg.
ingredior -gressus sum, 3. (in and gradior).
I. Intransit, A. to enter, go in; a, lit., in
naveni, in templuin, in funduin, Cic. ; intra
iiiunitiones, Cues.; b, transf., to enter on; in
helium, Cic. ; in earn orationein, Cic. ; in spem
libertaUs, Cic. B. to go forth, walk; turdius,
Cic; pernudam infra glacieni, Liv. II. Transit.,
A. to enter ; doinum, Cic ; curiam, Liv. B. Of
time, to begin; a, iter, Cic: b, to commence ;
orationein, Cic. ; with intin., dicere, Cic.
ingresslo -oiiis, f. (ingredior), 1, an entering,
going in; a, lit., fori, Cic; b, transf., o be-
ginning, Cic ; 2, gait, pace, Cic.
ingressus -us, m. (ingredior). I. a going
%nU>, an entering. A. Lit, a hostile entrance,
an inroad; ingressus hostiies praesidiis inter-
cipere, Tac. B. Transf., a beginning ; ingressus
capere, to begin, Verg. II. walking, going,
stepping; ingressus, cursus, accubitio, inclinatio,
sessio, Cic ; ingressu prohiberi, not to be able to
move, Caes.
ingriio -fli, 3. (in ami *gruo, connected with
vuo), a, of persons, to break in, fall upon vio-
lently; ingruit Alneas Itali.s, Verg.; b, transf.,
of things, to assault, attack ; periculum, helium
ingruit, Liv. ; morbi ingruimt in remiges, Liv. ;
Hi niiUus ingruat metus, Plin.
inguen -gulnis, n. tlie groin, Verg.
ingurgito, 1. (in and gurges), 1, to plunge;
se in tot tiagltia, to plunge into the whirlpool of
vice, Cic ; 2, esp. rem, se itigurgitare, to glut or
gorge oneself, to gormandise, Cic.
• ingustabilis -e (in and gusto), that cannot
be tasted, Plin.
ingustatus -a -urn (in and gusto), uutasled,
not tasted before ; ilia rhombi, Hor.
mhabllis -e. I. that cannot be handled or
managed, unmanageable; navis, Liv.; teluin ad
remitteudum inhabile imperitis, Liv. II. use-
less, unfit for, ill adapted to; tegimeu inhabile ad
resurgendum, Tac. ; multitudo inhabilis ad con-
seusuni, Liv.
inhabltabflis -e, uninhabitable; maximae
regiones inhabitabiles, Cic.
inhabito, 1. to inhabit ; eum secessum, Ov.
inhaereo -haesi -haesum, 2. to stick in,
cleave to, remain fast to; 1 lit., ad saxa, Cic. ;
visceiibus, Cic ; sidera sedibus suis inhaerent,
bic. ; 2, transf., inhaeret in mentibus quoddam
augunuin, Cic; virtutes semper voluptatibus
inhaerent, are always connected with, Cic. ; sem-
per alicui, to be always in the company of, Ov.
inhaeresco -haesi -haesum, 3. (inchoat of
inhaereo), to remain fast, to cleave to; in men-
tibus, Cic.
inhalo. 1. to breathe upon; quum isto ore
foetido teterrimam nobis popinam inhalasses,
U!Q.
inhfbeo -ui -Itum, 2. (in and habeo). I. to
hold in, hold back, check, restrain ; tela, Liv. ;
equos, Ov.; si te illius acerba imploratio et vox
iniseiabilis non inhibebat, Cic. ; as naut. t. 1 .,
inhibere reinis, Cic, or navem retro inhiberr,
Liv., to row a boat backwards, to row a boat stem
first, to back water. II. to exercise, practise, use,
employ ; supplicia nobis, Cic. ; imperium in de-
ditos, Liv.
Inhibitio -onis, f. (inhibeo), a restrainina ;
remiguin, a rowing backwards, Cic.
inllio, 1. I. to gape, gape with wonder ; tenuit
inliians tria Cerberus ora, Verg. II. to gape
for, open the mouth with desire ; Romulus lactens
uberibns lupinis inhians, Cic. ; tig. with dat, to
covet, desire, long for ; alicuius hortis, opibus,
Tac. ; varios pulchra testudine postes, look with
desire upon, Verg.
inhoneste, adv. (iuhonestus), dishonourably,
disgracefully ; aliquem accusare, Cic.
InhSnesto, 1. (iuhonestus), to disgrace, dis-
honour ; palnias, Ov.
inhoncstus -a -urn, 1, dislionourable, shame-
ful, disgraceful ; homo, Cic. ; vulnera, Ov. ; inhon-
estissinia cupiditas, Cic; 2, ugly, unsightly;
vulnus, Verg.
inhonoratus -a -um, 1, not honoured, hon-
oured by no public office, private, retired; vita,
Cic. ; honoratus atque inhonoratus, Liv. ; in-
honoralior triumphus, Liv. ; 2, unrewarded,
without gifts; aliquem inhoiioratum dimittere,
Liv.
inhdnorus -a -um, 1, unhonuured, undis-
tinguished, Plin. ; 2, ugly, unsightly, Tac.
inhorr go -ui, 2. to bristle with ; haud secus
quam vallo saepta inhorreret acies, Liv.
inhorresco 3iorrui, 3. I. to begin to bristle,
to bristle up; a, aper inhorruit armos, Verg.;
spicea .jam campis messis inhorruit, Verg. ;
inhorruit unda teuebris, Verg. ; b, to be rough
with frost; quum tristis hiems aquilonis inhor-
ruit alis, Ov. II. to shudder, shiver, from cold,
fever, fright, etc. ; 1, lit, dicitur inhorruisse
civitas, Cic; 2, transf., of things, to shake,
tremble; aer, Ov.
Inhospitalis -e, inhospitable; Caucasus
Hor.
inhospitalitas -tatis, f. (inhospitalis), won?
of hospitality, Cic.
inhospitus -a -um, inhospitable ; tecta, Ov/
Syrtis, Verg. '
inhumane, adv. (inhumanus), inhumaulyi
inluunanius dicere, Cic.
inhumanitas -tatis, f. (inhumanus), 1
cruelty, inhumanity, Cic. ; 2, a, incivility, d's-
courtesy, disobligingness, Cic. ; b, stinginess, nig
gardliness, Cic.
inhumaniter, adv. (inhumanus), uncivilly,
rudely, discourteously, Cic.
inhumanus -a -um, 1, cruel, barbarous, in
human; homo, scelus, Cic; qnis inhumaniorr
Cic; 2, a, rude, uvconrteous, uncivil, unman
nerly, Cic. ; b, uncultivated; aures, Cic.
inhumatus -a -um (in andhumo). unburUd,
Cic.
inhumo, 1. to cover with earth, Pliu.
inibi, adv. 1, of place, therein, in that place, in
that matter, Cic; 2, of time, almost, nearly, on the
point of; inibi est, it is on the point of taking
place ; aut inibi esse aut jam esse confectum,
Cic.
lniclo a injicio.
InLmice, adv. (inimicus), hostilely, in o»
unfriendly manner; inseefcari &!><}u«n, Cic,
ini
282
inn
inimicitla -ae, f. (inimicus), enmity, Cic. ;
gen.' in plur., cum aliquo mini inimicitiae sunt, or
interceduut, Cic. ; inimicitias gerere, Cic, exer-
cere, Cic, suscipere, Cic
inimico, 1. (inimicus), to make Jwstile, set at
enmity ; ira miseras inimicat urbes, Hor.
inimlous-a-um(inandamicus). I. Aet.,101-
friendly, inimical, adverse. A. Lit, a, adj., inimi-
cus alicui, Cic. ; inimicus cenis sumptuosis,Cic;
of inanimate objects, hurtful, prejudicial; odor
nervis inimicus, Hor. ; b, subst., inimicus
-i, m, an enemy, foe, Cic. ; inimica -ac, f. a
female foe, Cic. ; inimicissimi Sthenii, the bitterest
foes ofS., Cic. B. Poet., transf. = hostilis ; terra
inimica, Verg. II. Pass. = luited; gener invisus
inimici soceri, Tac .
inintelligens -entis, unintelligent, Cic.
inique, adv. (iniquus), 1, unequally ; ini-
quissime comparatum est, Cic ; 2, unfairly, un-
justly, Cic.
iniquitas -tatis, f. (iniquus). I. uneven-
ness ; a, lit., loci, Caes. ; b, transf., unfavour-
ableness, difficulty, unpropitiousness ; temporis,
Cic; rerum, Caes. II. unfairness, injustice,
unreasonableness; ihominis, Cic; iniquitates
maximae, Cic
iniquus -a -um (in and nequus). I. u neven ; 1,
lit., locus, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, unfavourable, dis-
advantageous ; locus, Caes. ; defensio angustior et
iniquior, on unfavourable ground, Cic; b, of time,
unpropitious ; tempus, Liv.; c, of character,
impatient, discontented ; animo iniqno ferre, with
ace, to be vexedat, Cic; animo iniquissimo mori,
to die most reluctantly, Cic. II. unequal; 1,
lit., too great ; pondus, Verg. ; sol, too hot, Verg.;
2, transf., a. unjust, unfair; pneem iniqua
conditione recinere, Cic; b, hostile, adverse;
animo iniquissimo infestissimoque aliquem in-
tueri, Cic; subst., iniqui -orum, in. enemies,
Cic. ; aequi iniqui, or aequi iniqnique, friends
and foes, Liv..
initio, 1. (initium), to initiate into a secret
worship; aliquem Cereri, Cic; aliquem Bacchis,
as one of the bacchantes, Liv. '
initium -II, n. (meo), a beginning, commence-
ment. I. Gen., initium dicendi sumere. Cic. ;
initium caedis or confiigendi facere, Cic. ; initium
capere ab or ex, etc, Cic; ab initio, from the
beginning, Cic ; initio, in, the. bee/inning, at the
commencement, Cic it. Esp., gen. in plur. A.
tlie elements or first principles of a science; initia
mathematicorum, CLc. B. In natural philo-
sophy, elements, Cic C. the beginning of a reign ;
initiis Tiberii auditis, Tac D. a principle;
initium cognoscendi, Cic E. In plur., a secret
worship, hiddenrites, mysteries, Cic. ; and meton.,
things used in snich rites, Cat.
initus -fls, m. (ineo), 1, an arrival, en-
trance, Lucr. ; 2, a beginning, Lucr. ; 3, oopmla-
Hon, Ov.
injeotio -onis, f. (injicio), a laying on;
manus, Quint.
injeotus -us, m. (injicio), 1, a throviing on,
throwing over; injectu multae vestLs, Tac; 2,
a putting in, inserting, Lucr.
injicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (in and jacio). I. to
throw in or into, cast or put in or into ; 1, lit.,
manumfoculo, Liv.; se in medioshostes, to throw
oneself into the midst of the enemy, Cic ; 2,
transf., a, to cause, inspire, infuse, occasion;
alicui timorem, Cic; alicui mentem, utaudeat,
etc., Cic. ; b, in conversation, to mention, let
drop, thrcno in; alicui nomen cuiuspiam, Cic;
quum mihi in sermone injecisset, with ace and
infin., Cic. II. to throw or place on. A, pon-
t«m flurnini, Liv. ; hrachja. cojlo, to embrace, Cic,
B. Esp., 1, to throw or cast on; pallium alicui,
Cic. ; sibi vestem, Ov. ; vincula animo, Cic. ; 2,
transf., injicere alicui manus, to lay hands on;
tig., mihi Veritas manuiii injecit, Cic. ; esp., to
lay hands on in order to appropriate what is one's
own, to take possession of; inanum virgini yeni-
enti, Liv. ; fig., manuni Parcae, Verg.
injuounde, adv. only in compar, (injuc-
undus), unpleasantly, in an unfriendly manner ;
res injucundius actae, Cic.
irrjucunditas -tatis, f. (injucundus), un-
pleasantness; ne quid habeat injucunditatis
oratio, Cic.
injucundus -a -um, unpleasant, displeasing ;
minime nobis injucundus labor, Cic. ; adversus
malos injucundus, unfriendly, Cic.
injudicatus -a -um (in and judico), untried,
nncondemned, undecided, Quint.
injungo -junxi -junctuin, 3. I. to join to,
fasten to ; tignos in asseres, Liv. II. A. Lit.,
to join, unite, connect with; vineas et aggerem
muro, Liv. B. Transf., 1, to cause; alicui in-
juriam, Liv. ; 2, to inflict upon, occasion, bring
upon, to lay or impose upon, charge, enjoin; alicui
munus, Liv.; civitatibus servitatem, Caes.; alicui
laboreni, onus, leges, Liv.
injuratus -a -um, unsworn, not having taken
an oath, Cic.
injuria -ae, f. (injurius), an injury, injustice,
wrong. I. Lit., A. injuriam'alicui inferre, iin-
ponere, facere, Cic. ; in aliquem imniittore,
jacere, to commit, inflict an injury on, Cic. ;
accipere, to suffer wsong, Cic. ; propulsare, Cic,
defendere, Caes., to repel, etc. ; per injuriam,
wrongfully, Cic. ; injuria, Cic. B. 1. ah insult ;
spretae foimae, Verg.; 2, legal t.t., damage,
harm, injury, affront; actio injuriarum, Cic.
II. Meton., 1, a possession wrongfully obtained ;
pertinaces ad obtinendam injuriam, Liv. ; 2, re-
venge for an affront ; consulis, Liv.
injur lose, adv. (injuriosus), illegally, v;rong-
fully, injuriously ; in magistrates decernere,
Cic ; mercatores injuriosius tractare, Cic.
injuriosus -a -um (injuria), acting, wrong-
fully, unjust, wrongful, unlawful; vita, Cic;
injuriosi in proximos, Cic
injurius -a-uin(in andjus), wong/iiZ, unjust;
quia sit injuriam, Cic.
injurus -a -um = injurius (q.v.).
1. injussus -a -um (in and jubeo), uncom-
manded, unbidden, spontaneous; gnunina vir-
escunt, without cultivation, Verg.
2. injussus, m. found only in abl. hi'
jussu, without orders ; injussu imperatoris, Cic. ;
injussu sUo, Cic, or simply injussu, e.g., pug'
nare, Liv.
injuste, adv. (injustus), unjustly, unfairly;
facere, Cic.
injustitia -ac, f. (injustus), injustice, unjusl
proceeding; totius injustitiae nulla est capit-
alior, Cic.
injustus -a -um, 1, unfair, unjust ; homo,
Cic; noverca, harsh, severe, Verg.; regua, un-
justly acquired, Ov. ; subst., injustum -i, n.
injustice; metu injusti, Hor. ; 2, heavy, burden-
some, oppressive; onus, Cic; fascis, Verg.
inl . . . v. ill . . .
inm ... v. imm . . .
innabilis -e (in and no), that cannot be swum
in; unda, Ov.
innascor -natus, 3. dep. I. to be born,
grow, arise in or upon; neglectis filix innascitur
agris, Hor. ; salicta innata ripis, Liv. II.
Transf., to be produced, arise; in hnc elationo
animi cupiditas innascitur, Cic, ; pavtjc, Jjj-
inn
283
ino
UatUS -a -una, innate, inborn ; insita quaedam
vel potius innate cupiditas, Cic.
innato, 1. I. to swim into ; in concham
hiantem, Cic. II. A. to 'swim, or float in or
upon; with dat., lactuca acri innatat stomacho,
Hor. ; with ace., undain innatat alnus, Verg.
B. Transf., to flow into or over; innatat unda
dulcis freto, Ov.
lnnatus, parties, of innascor.
innavigabilis -e, not navigable, Liv.
innecto -nexui -nexuin, 3. to tie, bind, fasten,
weave together. I. Lit., comas, Verg. ; fauces
laqueo, Ov.; palmas armis, Verg.; inter se innexi
rami, Tac. II. Transf., A. causas morandi, to
bring forward one after the other, Verg. B.
Esp., 1, to entangle, implicate; innexus con-
scientiae alicuius, Tac. ; 2, to connect ; Hyrcanis
per affinitatein innexus erat, Tac.
innitor -nixns sum, 3.dep. to lean upon, rest
upon, support oneself by. I. Lit., scutis, Caes. ;
haste, Liv. ; nlis, to fly, Ov. II. Transf., uni-
viro, Messio, fortuna hostium innititur, Liv.
inno, 1. to swim in or on. I, fiuitantes et
innantes beluae, Cic. ; with dat., aquae, Liv. ;
with ace, fluvimn, Verg. II. a,, to flow over,
Hor.; b, to sail over, navigate; Stygios lacus,
Verg. u
innccens -entis, harmless, not hurtful. T.
Lit., innocentis pocula Lesbii, Hor. II. Transf.,
A. epistola, Cic. B. innocent, harmless, in-
offensive, blameless; innocens is dicitur qui
nihil nocet, Cic. ; factorum, Tac.
innocentcr, adv. (innocens), innocently,
blamelessly, inoffensively, irreproachably; in-
nocentius agere, Tac.
irmocentia -ae, f. (innocens). I. harmless-
ness; ferorum animaliiun, Plin. II. innocence,
blamelessness, inoffensiveness, disinterestedness,
Cic; meton., = the innocent; innocentiam
judiciorum poena liberare, Cic.
innocue, adv. (innocuus), hannlessly, in-
nocently; vivere, Ov.
innocuus -a -um. I. Act., innocuous, harm-
less. A. Lit., herba, Ov. ; litus, safe, Verg. B.
Transf., innocent, harmless, blameless ; homo, Ov.
II. Passive, unhurt, unharmed; carinae, Verg.
innotesco -notui, 3. to become known or
noted; nosrris innotuit ilia libellis, Ov. ; quod
ubi innotuit, Liv.
innovo, 1. to renew; se ad suam intemper-
antiain, to velum to, Cic.
innoxius -a -ran. I. Act. A. innoxious,
harmless; anguis, Verg. B. Transf., innocent;
criminia iunoxia, Liv. II. Pass., A. un-
hurt, unharmed; ipsi innoxii, Sail. B. unde-
served ; paupertes, Tac.
innubilus -a -um, unclouded, clcav, Lucr.
innubo -nupsi -nuptum, 3. to marry into,
con nect oneself ivith by marriage ; quo innupsisset,
Liv.
inniibus -a -um (in and imbo), unmarried,
without a husband; Sibylla, Ov. ; laurus (because
Daphne, while still a virgin, was changed into a
laurel), Ov.
innumerabllis -e, that cannot be counted,
innumerable ; multitudo, Cic.
innumerabilitas -atis, f. (iunumerahilis),
nit infinite number, innumerableness ; mundorum,
Cic.
innumerabiliter, adv. (innumerabilis),
innumerably, Cic.
inniimeralis -e, countless, innumerable,
Lucr.
innumerus -a -um, countless, innumerable;
gentes, Verg,
lnniio -0.1 , 3. to give a nod to, make a sign or
signal to; alicui, Plaut., Ter. ; ubi iunuerint, Liv.
innuptus -a -um (in and nubo), 1, un-
married, having no husband, Verg. ; subst.,
innupta -ac, f. a virgin, young damsel, Verg.;
2, meton., nuptiae innuptee (70/xos aya^os), a
marriage that is no marriage, an unhappy mar-
riage ; ap. Cic.
innutrio, 4. to bring up, educate with or
among ; innutritus pessimis, Tac.
Ino -us and -onis, f. ('I wl), daughter of Cadmus,
wife of Atliamas ; adj., Indus -a -um, of or
belonging to Ino.
Inoblitus -a -um (in and obliviscor), mind-
ful, not forgetful, Ov.
inobrutus -a -um (in and obruo), not over-
whelmed, Ov.
inobservabilis -e, not to be observed, im-
perceptible, Cat. - • •
inobservantla -ae, f. negligence, careless-
ness, inattention, Suet.
inobservatus -a -um, unobserved, unper-
ceived ; sidera, Ov.
inoculatlo -onis, f. an engrafting, Plin.
inoddror, 1. dep., to trace out anything, to
smell out, Cic. (?).
inodorus -a -um, without smell, inodorous,
Pers.
inoffensus -a -um, without stumbling, unre-
strained, unhindered, unobstructed; mare, Verg.;
cursns honorum, uninterrupted, Tac.
Inofficiosus -a -um, 1, contrary to or
neglectful of duty ; testamentum, in which the
nearest relatives are passed over, Cic. ; 2, dis-
obliging; in aliqueni, Cic.
inolens -cutis, without smell, inodorous,
Lucr.
inolesco -olevi -olltum, 3. to grow in or 071 ;
I, lit., udo libro, Verg. ; 2, transf., penitusque
neccsse est multa (mala) diu concrete modis
inolescere mills, Verg.
inominatus -a -um (in and omen), ill-
omened, unlucky, Hor.
inopia -ae, f. (inops). I. want, need ; in
Rhodiorum inopia (want of food) et fame, Cic;
frumentaria, Caes.; with genit., frugum, Cic;
transf., consilii, Cic. II. helplessness, Cic. '
inoplnans -antis, not expecting, unexpected,
unawares ; aliquem inopinantem aggredi, Caes.
inoplnanter (inopinans), unexpectedly, Suet.
inopinato, adv. <inopinatus), unexpectedly,
Liv.
inopinatus -a -um. L Pass., unexpected,
unlooked for ; res, Cic; malum, Caes.; subst.,
Indplnatum -ij n.' an unexpected event', Cic. ;
ex inopinato, Cic, inopinato, Liv.', unexpectedly.
II. Act., -not expecting ; inopinatos invadere, Liv.
inopinus -a -um (in and opinus, from
opinor), unexpected, unlooked for; visus,- v. ;
quies, Verg. ' '
inopiosus -a -um (inopia), needy, in want
of; consilii, Plaut.
Inopportunus -a -um, inopportune, un-
seasonable, Cic.
inops -5pis. I. without mea>is. A. poor ;
1, a, lit, aerarium inops et exhaustuui, Cic;
b, transf., poor in words or thoughts; lingua,
oratio, Cic; 2, poor in something, wanting in;
with genit, or abl., or ab and the abl., pecuniae,
Liv. ; verborum, verbis, Cic. ; amicorum, ab
amicis, Cic; transf., hnmanitetis, Cic. B.
powerless, weak, Liv, II, helpless ; fnopes relief,
a duce, Cjc,
ino
284
ins
inoratus -a -urn (in aud oro), not formally
brought forward and heard ; re inorata, Cic.
inordlnatUS -a -urn, disorderly, in con-
fusion; dispcrsi.inordinati exibaut, Liv.; snbst.,
inordinatum -i, n. disorder; ex inordinate
in ordinem adducere, Cic.
Inorior, 4. dep., to arise, appear, Tac(?)
inornatus -a ■om, unadorned. I. Lit.,
mulieres, Cic. II. Transf., A. orator, Cic.
S. unpraiscd, uncelebrated, Hor.
inp . . . = imp . . . (q.v.).
inquam -is -it, pcrf., inquii, v. def. (con-
nected with kv£iru>), / say ; a, in quoting the
words of a speaker, est vero, inquam. sigiiuin,
Cic. ; with dat., inquit milii, Cic. ; b, in repeti-
tion, for the sake of emphasis, hunc onuni
diem, hunc unum, inquam, diem, Cic. ; c, in
objections, non solernus, inquit, ostendere, Cic.
(The forms found are : inquam, Cic. ; inquit,
Cic. ; inquimus, Hor.; inquiunt, Cic. ; inquiebat,
Cic; inquii, Cat. ; inquisti, Cic. ; inquies, Cat. ;
inquiet, Cic. ; inque, Plaut. ; inquito, Plaut.)
1. inquies -etis, f. disquiet, want of rest,
Plin.
2. inquies -et is, unquiet, restless; homo,
Sail. ; nox, dies, Tac.
inquieto, 1. (inquietus), to disquiet, disturb;
victoriam, Tac.
inquietus -a -um, unquiet, restless. I. Lit.,
Hadria, stormy, Hor. ; nox inquieta, Liv. II.
Transf., a, restless in disposition; inquietus
animus, Liv. ; b, politically restless, Liv.
inquilinus -i, m. one who dwells in a place
not his own, a tenant, lodger; transf., inquilinus
civis Romae (said of Cicero, who was not born
in Rome), Sail.
inquinate, adv. (inquinatus), filthi'y, im-
purely; loqui, Cic.
inquinatus -a -um, p. adj. (from inquino),
dirtied, befouled, defiled, polluted, contaminated,
sortlid, shameful; homo vita omni inquinatus,
Cic. ; sermo inquinatissimus, Cic.
inquino, I. (connected with coenum), to be-
foul, pollute, defile, stain, contaminate; 1, lit.,
aqua turbida e't cadaveribus inquinata, Cic. ;
aquas venenis, Ov. ; 2, transf., to corrupt, defile;
oinnem splendorem honestatis, Cic. ; se parri-
cidio, Cic.
inqniro -quisivi -quisiturn, 2. (in andqnaero).
I. to seek for, search for ; corpus alicuius, Liv.
II. A. to investigate, inquire into; diligenter in
ea, Cic. ; in eum quid agat, quern ad modum
vivat, inquiritur, Cic. ; omnia ordine, Liv. B.
Legal t. t., to search for evidence against any one;
in coin peti tores, Cic. (pluperf. subj., inquisis-
sent, Liv.; perf. infill., inquisisse, Liv.).
lnquisitio -onis, f. (inqniro). I. a searching
after, looking for; corporum, Plin. II. A.
investigation, inquiry ; vcri inquisitio atque
investigatio, Cic. B. Legal t. t., the search for
evidence against any one; candidati, against a
candidate, Cic.
inquisitor -oris, m. (inquiro), an inquirer.
I. a spy, Suet. II. A. Pliilosopn. t. t., an in-
vestigator ; rerum, Cic. B. one who searches for
evidence to support an accusation, Cic.
inr . . . v. irr . . .
insalubris -e, 1 unhealthy, Plin.; 2, wi-
serviceable, unprofitable, Plin.
insalutUtUS -a -um, ungreelcd, of whom no
farewell has been taken; in the tmesis, inque
salutatam linquo, Verg.
insanabills -c, incurable ; 1, lit., morbus,
Cic, ; 2, transf,, contiuneli^e, Cic,
insane, adv. (insanus), madly, insanely; in
silvam ne ligna feras insauius, Hor.
insania -ae, f. (insanus), madness, loss oj
reason, insanity ; 1, a, lit., nomen insaniae sig-
nilicat mentis aegrotationem et inorbum, Cic. ;
concnpisccrc aliquid ad insaniam, madly, Cic. ;
b, transf., mad desire, mad, senseless excess, sense-
less extravagance; libidinum, Cic; 2, poetical
rapture or inspiration ; amabilis, Hor.
insanio -ivl and -ii -ituni, 4. (insanus), to
rage, be seized with madness or frenzy; a, lit.,
ex injuria, Liv.; nisi ego insanio, Cic; of things,
insaniens Bosporus, raging, Hor.; b, transf,
to act like a madman, to rare; insanit statuas
cineudo, Hor.; with ace., similem (errorein),
Hor. ; sollemnia, to be fashionably mad, Hor.
insanitas -atis, f. (insanus), mental disease,
insanity, Cic.
insanus -a -um. I. of unsound mind, mad,
insane. A. Lit, Cic B. 1, acting like a mad-
man, raging, senseless; homo flagitlis insanus,
Cic; contio, Cic; of things, a, raging; ductus,
Verg.; b, of great size or violence; moles, Cic;
cupiditas insanior, Cic; 2, inspired; vates,
Verg. II. Act., making mad; aqua, Ov.
insatiabilis -e (in and satio). I. Pass.,
that cannot be satisfied, insatiable; cupiditas,
Cic. II. Act., that does not satiate, uncloying,
unwearying; pulchritudo, Cic; insatiabilior
species, Cic.
Ineatiablliter, adv. (insatiabilis), insati-
ably, Lucr.
ins&tietas -atis,- f. insatiablencss, Plaut.
insaturabilis -e (in and saturo), insatiable ;
abdomen, Cic.
insaturabiliter, adv. (insaturabilis), in-
satiably, Cic.
inscalpo, 1. to engrave, Plin.
inscendo -scendi -scensum, 3. (in and
scando), to ascend, mount, go up; in roguui
ardentem, Cic. ; uavem, Plant.
inscensio -onis, f. (inscendo), a going on
board; in navem, Plaut.
insciens -entis, ignorant, unaware; me in-
seiente factum, done without my knowledge, Cic.
insclenter, adv. (insciens), ignorantly,
stupidly, foolishly ; faenre, Cic.
inscientia -ae, f. (insciens), 1, ignorance,
inexperience, want of aarttaintanee with; insci-
entia mea, nostra, Cic. ; foil, by genit. of the
subject, vulgi, Caes. ; of the object, locorum,
Caes.; dicendi, Cic; 2, philosoph. t.'t., want of
certain knowledge (opp. scientia), Cic.
inscite, adv. (inscitus), clumsily, awkwardly,
unskilfully ; inscite aliquid comparare cum
aliqua re, Cic.
inscitia -ae, f. (inscitus), 1, clumsiness, awk-
wardness, inexperience, ignorance; with genit. of
subject, barbarorum, Cic. ; of object, negotii
gerendi, Cic; disserendi, Cic; 2, ignorance,
stupidity; legionuni, Tac; erga domuin suain,
Tac.
inscitus -a -um, ignorant, unskilful, absurd,
silly ; quid autem est inscitiusquam, etc., Cic.
inscius -a -van, ignorant, net knowing; medici
inseii imperitique, Uic; followed bygen.,oraniam
rerum, Cic. ; culpae, free from, Verg. ; equus
inscius aevi, not confident of its strength, Verg.;
with rcl. sent., inscii quid in Aeduis gereretur,
Cans.
insoribo -scrips! -scriptum, X I. to write
in or on, Inscribe; 1, lit., aliquid inbasi tr> ij>a<:-
ornm, Cic; nomen monuments, Cic; librnm, to
givea title to abook, Cic; lis., toimpress; oratfonen)
in ftujiuo, Cic; 2, transf., g,, to assign j sibi
ins
M5 ins
nolhen philosophi, to assume, Cic. ; b, to ascribe ;
deOs sceleri, to charge the gods with crime, Ov.
II. A. to give an inscription or title to; inscrilio
epiBtolam patri, to address, Cic. ; liber qui Oeco-
nomicus inscribitur, is entitled, Cic; flores
inscripti noiuiiia regum, marked with, Verg. ;
versa pulvis inscribitur hasta, is marked with,
Verg. B. to brand, Juv.
inscriptlo -onis, f. (inscribe), a writing in
or upon ; 1, notninis, Cic. ; 2, the inscription on
a statue, the title of a book, Cic.
1. insoriptus -a -uni (in and scribo), un
written, Quint.
2. inscriptus -a -urn, partic. of inscribo.
lnsoulpo -sculpsi -sculptum, 3. to cut or
carve in, engrave; 1, lit., summam patrimonii
•saxo, Hor. ; foedus columna aenea, Liv. ; 2,
transf., to impress; natura insculpsit in ment-
ibus, Cic.
insecabilis -e, that cannot be cut, insepar-
able, indivisible, Quint.
inseco -sScui -sectum, 1. to cut into, cut to
pieces; gurgi '^nes, Cic; cutem, to make an
incision in, Liv.
inseotatio -6nis, f. (insector), 1 lit, a fol-
lowing, pursuit, Liv. ; 2, transf., railing at, de-
riding, insulting; alicuius, Liv.
insectator -5ris, m. (insector), a pursuer,
persecutor ; plebis, Liv.
insector, 1. dep., to follow, pursue; 1, lit.,
aquila insectans alias aves, Cic. ; 2, transf., to
pursue with harsh words, reproach, inveigh
against, rail at ; aliquem maledictis, Cic. ; audac-
iam improborum, Cic.
Inseddbiliter, adv. (in and sedo), inex-
tinguishably, unquenchably, Lucr.
insenesoo -senui, 3. to grow old at or among;
libns et curis, Hoi'.
insensilis -e, insensible, imperceptible, Lucr.
1. insepultus -a -uni (partic. of insepelio).
2. insepultus -a -urn (in and sepelio), un-
buried ; acervi civium, Cic; aliquem insepultum
projicere, Liv.; sepultura, burial without the
customary solemnities, Cic.
lnsequor -seciitus or -sgquutus sum, 3. to
follow after, follow on, succeed. I. A. Lit
insequitur acies ornate armataque, Liv ; with
ace, temere insecutae Orphea sllvae, Hor. B.
Transf., a, mors insecuta est Gracchum, overtook,
Cic ; b, ot time, to follow ; hunc proximo saecnlo
lheinistocles insecutus est, Cic ; annus in-
sequens, Liv. ; c, to pursue a subject; insequar
iongius, Cic. II. to follow or pursue with hostile
intent. A. Lit, aliquem gladio stricto Cic ■
clamore et minis, Cic B. Transf., a, to press
hard; homines benevolos contumelia, Cic • b
to censure, reproach, attack; aliquem irridendo'
Cic; vitae eius turpitudinem, Cic.
• 1 'J nsS o° ' 9§vi - srtum . 3 - 1, to sow in, plant
in, vim. ; 2, to implant ; inserit novas opiniones
evelht insitas, Cic; partic, insitus -a -urn
implanted, innate, inborn ; insitus menti coo-nit-
lonis amor, Cic; 3, to unite; corpora anunis
Cic '
2. insero -sertti -sertum, 3. to put, place, set
in, insert. I. Lit., collum in laqueum Cic •
oculos in alicuius pectora, to fix the gaze upon,
Ov. II. Transf., A. Meton., to introduce,
insert into, intermingle with; jocos historiae,
Ov. ; deos minimis rebus, Liv. ; se alicui rei, to
meddle with, Ov. B. to incorporate with, place
among; aliquem vatibus, Hor.
lnsertim, adv. by insertion, Lucr.
inserto, l. (inteus. of 2. insero). to insert,
J>ut into; clypco sinistram, Verg.
inservio, 4. to serve. I. Lit., as a \as.sa'( or
subject, reges inservientcs, Tac II. Transf., to
serve. A. to be devotul to, to pay attention to ;
alicui, Cic ; nihil est inseivituin a me temporis
causa, Cic. B. to be devoted to a thing, to take
care of; inservi (valetudinl), Cic
insessus, partic. of insideo and instdo. >
illSlbllo, 1. to hiss, pipe, whistle in, Ov.
insideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (In and sedeo). I.
Intransit., to sit upon. A. Lit., a, with dat.,
or abl., immani et. vastae beluae, Cic ; equo,
Cic. ; b, to have one's seat or place (of the
Penates), Cic. B. Transf., a, insidens capulo
manus, resting upon, Tac. ; b, to be settled, to
dwell, remain; insidet quaedam in optimo
quoque virtus, Cic. II. Transit, a, to take pos-
session of, occupy; locum, Liv.; b, to inhabit;
ea loca, Tac.
insidiae -arum, f. (insideo), an ambush. I.
Lit, a, insidiaslocare, Liv. ; collocare, Caes. ; b,
of the place of ambush, militesin insidiis colloc-
are, Caes. II. Transf., a, a snare, trap, treachery,
deceit, plot ; insidias vitae ponere or facere, Cic;
insidias ponere contra aliquem, Cic. ; insidias
alicui parare, Cic. ; insidias opponere, tendere.
collocare, strnere, adhibere, comparare, Cic ;
insidias componere, Tac ; per insidias, ex in-
sidiis, or insidiis, treacherously, Cic ; b, illusion,
deception ; noctis, Verg.
insldlator -oris, m. (insidior), a spy, way-
layer, lurker, traitor, Cic. ; viae, Cic.
insidior, 1. dep. (insidiae). I. to lie in am-
bush against, lie in wait for, Caes. ; hostibus,
Ov. ; ovili, Verg. II. a, to plot against the
life of; alicui, Cic; b, to watch for, wait for;
somno luaritorum, Cic. ; tempori, to wait for
the fitting opportunity, Liv.
insldiose, adv. with superl. (insidiosus),
deceitfully, treacherously, insidiously, Cic.
insidiosus -a -urn (insidiae), deceitful, cun-
ning, treacherous, full of snares; a, of inani-
mate objects, insidiosus et plenus latronnm
locus, Cic. ; dementia alicuius, Cic. ; b, of per-
sons, quis insidiosior? Cic.
insido -sedi -sessum, 3. to sit, settle, ' perch
upon. I. floribus (of bees), Verg. ; digitos mern-
bris, sink into, Ov. II. A. to settle, dwell ; jugis,
Verg.; with ace, cineres patriae, Verg. B. 1,
to beset a place, take up one's pod at; with dat.,
silvestribus locis, Liv.; with aec, tmnulos, Liv.;
of things, semen in locis insedit, takes root in,
Cic. ; 2, transf., to sink deep; in aniino, Cic.
inslgne -is, n. (insignis), a signal, token.
A. (ien., Cic ; nocturnum, a night-signal, Liv.
B. Esp., 1 ? the official badge of a magistracy;
insigne regiuui, Cic. ; more commonly plur.,
insignia, badges, insignia ; imperatoris, Caes. ;
sacerdotum, Liv. ; regia, Cic ; transf., insignia
virtutis. laudis, Cic; 2, orationis lumina et
quoddanimodo insignia, beauties, Liv.
insignio, 4. (insignis), 1, to put a mark,
sign, or token upon, to impress ; in animis tam-
quam insignitae notae veritatis, Cic ; 2, a, to
distinguish ; aliquem notii, Liv. ; cum omnis
annus fnneribus et cladibus insigniretur, was
remarkable for, Tac. ; b, to adorn ; agros tropaeis,
Verg. ; clipeum Io auro insignibat, Verg.
insignis -e (in and signum), distinguished by
a token, remarkable, noted, notable; 1, lit., bos
maculis insignis, Verg. ; uxores insignes auro et
purpura, Liv. ; Phoebus insignis ennibus, Ov. ;
insignis ad deformitatem, remarkably ugly, Cic. ;
2, transf., remarkable, eminent, distinguished, ex-
traordinary ; improbitas, Cic. ; virtus Scipionis,
Cic ; insigne ad irridendum vitium, Cic.
insignite, adv. with compar. (insignitusl
remarkably, extraordinarily, Cic.
ms
28(3
iiiS
lnsigmter, adv. with com par. (insignia),
ffmarkably, extraordinarily, Cie.
insigmtus -a -um (p. adj. from insignio), 1,
marked to a» to be known, noticeable, plain;
Imago. Cie ; notae veritatis, Cic. ; 2, striking,
remarkable, unexampled; imagines, Cic; in-
signitior contumelia, Liv.
insile -is, n. the spool or bobbin on which
the yarn was twisted in weaving, Lucr.
insilio -sllui -sultum, 4. (in and salio), to leap,
spring, jump in or on; in phalangas, Cars. ; in
eqnum, Liv.; tergo, Ov. ; with aceus., Aetnam,
IJor. ; undas, Ov. (perf. insilivit, Liv.)
inslmulatio -onis, f. (insimulo), an accusa-
tion, charge; probrorum, Cic.
insimulo, 1. to charge, accuse, blame; with
ace. of pers., aliquem falso, Cic. ; with accus.
and infiii., quod eos insinmlemus omnia incerta
dicere, Cic. ; with ace. of pers. and genit., se
peccati quod, etc., Cic. ; with simple ace, quod
ego insimulo, Cic.
insinoerus -a -um, tainted, putrefying;
cruor, Verg.
inoiniiatio -onis. f. (insinno), rhet. t.t, the
gaining the favour of the audience, Cic.
insiniio. 1. to introduce by windings or
turnings, to insinuate. A. Lit., Romani qua-
cumque data intervalla essent, insinnabant or-
dines suos, pushed forward their flies into the
gaps of the enemy, Liv. ; refl., se insinuare, or
simply insinuare, and middle insinuaii, to pene-
trate, work one's way in, to insinuate oneself,
insinuare in forum, Cie. ; se inter equituin tur-
mas, Caes. ; qua se inter valles flumen insinuat,
Liv. B. Transf., se in familiaritatem alicuins,
Cic. ; insinuare se in philosophiam, Cic. ; se in-
sinuare, or insinuare alicui, to gain the. good will
of, Cic. ; penitus in causam, to get to know
thoroughly, Cic.
insipiens -entis (in and sapiens), foolish,
stupid, Cic.
InsIpJenter, adv. (insipiens), foolishly, stup-
idly, Plaut.
inslpi :it:a -ae, f. (insipiens), foolishness,
stupidity, Cic.
insisto -stlti, 8. I. to stand on, set foot on,
tread on, place oneself on. A. Lit., 1, cingulus
lunae in quo qui insistunt, etc., Cic.; digitis, to
stand on the tip of one's toes, Ov. ; limen, Verg. ;
pedum primis vestigia plantis, Cic. ; insistere
vestigiis alicuins, to tread in the steps o/(fig.),
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to enter on a journey, pursue ;
iter, Liv.; d, to follow hard on; referent ibns
pedem, Liv. B. Transf., 1, perge tenere istam
viam quam institisti, Cic; 2, esp., to follow any
object or occupation eagerly, persist in ; totus et
mente et. amnio in beUtnn fnsistit, Caes. ; with
ace, rationem belli, to follow out the plan of the
war, Caes. ; munus, Cic. ; with dat., ei rei, Liv.
II. to remain still, standstill. A. Lit., stellae
insistunt, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a, to stop, pause;
in speech, quae qunm dixisset paulnmque in-
atitisset, "Quid est," Inquit, Cic; b, to pause
over, dwell upon; singulis peccatonnu gradibns,
Cic; 2, to be fixed, or obstinate in; importune,
Cic ; erndelitati, Toe. ; with inlin., sequi, Cic. ;
3, to be at a. stand — to doubt ; in reliquis rebus,
Cic
insiticius -a -um (1. insero), engrafted,
foreign, Plin.
insltio -onis,. f. (1. insero), 1. a grafting,
budding; plur., insitiones, the kinds of grafting,
Cic ; 2, nieton., the grafting season, Ov.
InsitlVUS a -um (1. insero), grafted, en-
grafted : 1, lit'., pira, Hor. ; 2, transf., a,
foreign ; quaedam disciplinae, Cic. ; b, sup-
posititious, not genuine, Phacdr.
insitor -oris, in. (1. insero), a grafter, Prop.
insltus -a -um, pavtic. of 1. insero.
insociabilis -e, that cannot be joined to-
gether, unsociable, unsocial; gens, Liv,; with
dat., homines generi humano insociabilcs, Liv.
insolabilitcr, adv. (in and solor), inenn-
soldbly, Hor.
insolens -entis (in and soleo). I. unusual,
contrary to custom; quid tu Athenas insolens?
Ter. II. A. unaccustomed to, unused to; in-
fantine, Cic.; in dicendo, Cic. B. I, itmisual,
extravagant; verbum, Cic ; 2, of behaviour, n,
prodigal; non ftiisse insolentem in pecunia,
Cic; b, proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent;
exercitus, flushed with victory, Hor. ; ostentatio,
Cic.
insolenter, adv. (insolens), l,unusually, in
a way contrary to custom; evenire vulgo soleat,
an insolenter et raro, Cic ; 2, a, immoderately,
excessively; his festivitatibus insolentius abuti,
Cic. ; b, haughtily, arrogantly, insolently; sf>
efl'erre, Cic.
insolcntia -ae, f. (insolens). I. the not being
accustomed to a thing, inexperience in, strangeness;
huius dispulationis, Cic. II. A. strangeness,
affectation, novelty of diction; verbqrum, Cic
B. extravagance, profuseness, Cic. C. pride, ar-
rogance, insolence, Cic.
insolesco, 3. (in and soleo), a. to behave ex-
travagantly ; magis insolescente Plancina, Tac ;
b, to become haughty or insolent, be elated ; per
licentiam insolescere animum humannm, Sail.
insolidus -a -um, weak, soft, tender ; herba,
Ov.
insSlitus -a -um. I. Act-., unaccustomed to;
ad laborcm, Cnes. ; with genit., rerum bellic-
arum, Sail. II. Pass., a, unusual, strange;
haec in soli ta mihi ex hoc loco ratio dicendi,
Cic; b, uncommon, unusual; insolita mihi
loquacitas, Cic; verbum, Cic.
insolubllis -e, 1, that cannot be paid, Sen.;
2, incontrovertible, indubitable, Quint.
insomnia -ae, f. (insomnia), sleeplessness,
loss of sleep ; gun. in plur., insomniis carere, Cic
insomnis -e (in and somnus), sleepless; in-
aomnes magis quam pervigiles, Tac; draco, Ov. ;
of tilings, nox, Verg.
1. insomnium -ii, n. (in and somnus), sleep-
lessness, Plin.
2. insomnium -ii, n. (in and somnus), a
dream; sing., Tac. ; plur., Verg.
insono -sSniii -aonltura, l. I. Intransit., to
make a noise in, sound, resound; insonuere
cavernae, Verg..j ftagcllo, to crack a whip, Verg.
II. Transit., to make to sound; verbera, Verg.
insons -sontis, 1, innocent, guiltless; in-
sontes sicut sontes circumvenire, Sail.; 2, poet.,
transf., harmless; Cerberus, Hor.
insopitus -a -inn (in and sopio), not lulled
to sleep, wakeful, watchful; draco, Ov.
inspargo = inspergo (q.v.).
inspecto, l. (intens. of inspicio), to lank at
or t'ii, observe, view ; inspectata spolia Sam-
nitium, Liv.; inspectante exercitu interfici, Cic
inspcrans -antis (in and spero), not hoping,
imi expecting; insperanti mihi scd valde optanti
cecldit nt) etc., Cic.
insperato, adv. (insperatns), unexpectedly,
Plaut.
insperatUS -a -um (in and spero), unhoped
for, v inspected ; pecuniae, Cic. ; malum, Cic. ; ex
insjiei:iin, unexpectedly, Liv.
ma
28? ins
liisjjei-go iiut inspargo, -Sl>ersi (-sparsi),
-spersum (-sparsuiu), 3. (iu and spargo). I. to
sirew, sprinkle in or on; molani ct viimm, Cic.
II. to besprinkle, Plin.
inspicio -spexi -speetum, 3. (in and specio).
I. to look, see in or on. A. Lit., 1, faciem, Ov.J
speculum, Phaedr. ; 2, to look into, read; leges,
Cic. ; verba, Ov. B. Transf., to examine, look
into, become acquainted with ; aliquem a puero,
Cic. II. to contemplate, view, observe; 1, gen.,
lignum publicum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, aa buyer, to
inspect; candelabrum, Cic. ; b, as a messenger,
to investigate; sociorum res, Liv. ; c ? as an in-
spector, milit. 1. 1., to inspect ; anna militis, Cic. ;
viros, Liv. ; d, as a sacriiicer, fibras, Ov. ; e,
as a spy, domos, Verg.
inspico, 1. to sharpen a point, Verg.
inspiro, 1. 1, intransit, to breathe upon, to
blow upon; conchae, Ov. ; 2, transit, a, lit., to
breathe, blow in or on ; venenum morsibus, Verg. ;
b, transf., to breathe into, inspire, rouse, inflame;
alicui occultum ignem, Verg.
inspoliatus -a -um (in and spolio), not de-
spoiled, not plundered ; anna, Verg.
inspuo -spui -sputum, 3. to spit in or upon,
Plin.
insputo, 1. to spit upon, Plaut.
instabilis -e. I. Act., A. that does not stand
firm, unstable, tottering ; pedes instabilis ac vix
vado fidens, Liv. B. Transf., a, unsteady, not
keeping its ground; hostis instabilis ad con-
ferendas manus, Liv. ; b, unstable, inconstant,
changeable ; motus, Caes. ; animus, Verg. II.
Pass.,o?!. which it is impossible to stand, insecure;
tellus, Ov.
instabilitas -atis, f. (instabilis), instability,
Plin.
instans -antis, p. adj. (from insto), 1, present ;
subst., instans -antis, n. the immediate present,
Cic. ; 2, pressing, urgent; instantior cura, Tac.
instanter, adv. (instans), urgently, earnestly,
vehemently ; instantius coucurrere, Tac.
iustantia -ae, f. (insto), the present time, Cic.
instar, n. indecl., an image, likeness, picture,
sketch ; a, quantum instar in ipso ! what an
inclosing presence, Verg.; gen. Willi genit., like
to, as great as, after the fashion of; navis cybaea
maxima triremis instar, Cic. ; instar montis
equus, Verg. ; instar alicuius or alicuius rei esse,
instar habere, instar obtinere, to be like, to be as
good as, to be in theplaceof ; Eranaquae fuit non
vici instar sed urbis, Cic. ; Plato mini unus est
instar omnium, Cic. ; alicuius rei instar putare or
reri, to think a thing as good as, consider it equal
to; idque si accidat, mortis instar putemus,
Cic. ; b, of number, as many as, as large as;
cohortes quaedam quod instar legionis videretur,
Caes.
instauratio -onis, f. (instauro), repetition,
renewal; ludorum, Cic.
instaurativus -a -um (instauro), renewed,
repeated ; ludi, Cic.
instauro, 1. (in and *stauro from sto, stare).
I. to renew, repeat, begin anew ; 1, a, of public
solemnities and ceremonies, sacrificium, Cic. ; b,
of any kind of action, scelus, CAedem, Cic. ;
novum dc integro belluin, Liv.; 2, a, to reani-
mate, restore; instaurati (sunt) aninii, Verg. ; b,
to repay, requite; talia Graiis, Verg. II. to set
about, prepare; choros, Verg.
insterno -stravi -stratum, 3. I. to strew
over, cover over; equum, to saddle ov cover with a
saddle-cloth, Liv. II. to spread over; modicis
tignis, Hor.
instigator -oris, ni, (instigo), an, instigator,
stimulator; sibi qulsque dux et instigator, Tac.
instigatrix -trlcis, f. (instigator), she that
instigates, Tac.
instigo, 1. (in and KTIG-o = <ni& whence
also instinguo), to instigate, incite, stimulate;
aliquem in aliquein, Liv. ; absol., iustigautc te,
at your instigation, Cic.
instillatio -onis, f. (instillo), a dropping
into, Plin.
instillo, 1. to drop in, pour in, by drops;
oleum luinini, Cic. ; transf., to instil ; praeceptum
auriculis, Hor.
instimulator -oris, m. (instimuly), an in-
stigator; seditiouis, Cic.
instimulo, 1. to stimulate, arouse, incite, Qv.
instinctor -oris, in. (instinguo), an. inciter,
instigator; sceleris, Tac.
instinotus -us, m. (instinguo), instigation,
incitement; instinctu divino, Cic. '
instinguo -stinxi -stinctum, 3. (in and
STIG-o = oritja, whence also instigo), to in-
stigate, incite ; gen. in partic, instinctUS
-a -um, incited, impelled ; furore, Cic.
instlpiilor, 1. dep., to stipulate or bargain
for, Plaut.
instita -ae, f. a seam, border, or flounce on a
lady's robe; metqn., a taily ; nulla, Ov.
institio -onis, f. (insisto), a standing still ;
stellarum, Cic.
institor -oris, in. (insto), a broker, factor,
huckster, pedlar ; mercis, Liv.
Institorium -ii, n. (institor), the business of a
hawker'. Suet.
instituo -fii -fltum, 3. (in and statuo). I. to
put or place into; vestigia nuda sinistri pedis,
Verg. II. to arrange. A. Lit., 1, milit t. t.,
draw up in order; acieni duplicem, Caes. ; 2, to
prepare, make ready, build, construct; turrim,
pontes, naves, Caes. ; vineas, Cic. ; dapes, Verg.
B. Transf., l f to make arrangements for, begin,
undertake; historiam, Cic; iter, Cic; with
infin., to resolve upon, determine; onpidum op-
pugnare, Cic; historias scribere, Nep. ; 2, a,
to appoint, ordain, establish, introduce, institute;
portorium, Cic; dies festos, Liv.; ludos, Ov. ;
with ut and the subj., to arrange that, etc., Cic. ;
with infin., Caes.; b, to settle, to administer;
civitates, Cic; c, to instruct, teach, educate for
a particular purpose; aliquem ad diceuduru,
Cic
lnstitutfo -onis, f. (instituo), 1, arrange-
ment; rerum, Cic; institutionem suam con-
scrvare, method, Cic ; 2, instruction ; doctoris,
Cic. ; Cynica, the principles of the Cynic philo-
sophy, Tac.
instilutum -i, n. (instituo), 1, an under-
taking, purpose ; non ad nostrum institutum
pertinet, Cic. ; 2, an old-established custom, ar-
rangement, institution; majorum, Cic; insti-
tutum vitae capere, to adopt a rule of life, Cic. ;
ex institute, according to custom, order, Liv. ; 3,
instruction, precept; philosophiae, Cic.
insto -stiti -staturus, 1. I. to stand in or
on; rectam instas viam, Plaut. IL A. to be
close to, follow closely; 1, lit, vestigiis, Liv.;
2, transf., a. to press Upon, pursue eagerly, urge.,
harass ; absol., Cic. ; witli dat., adversario. Cic ;
hosti, Liv.; b, currum, to be zealous in building,
Verg. ; to pursue or devote oneself eagerly to any-
thing ; operi, Verg.; with ' following infin., to
persist, not to cease, to persevere ; poscere recu-
peratores, Cic ; c, to persist, insist, askpressingly ;
alicni instarc ut, with subj., Cic. ; d, of time, to
approach,, draw nigh, threaten; dies instat quo,
etc., Cic. B. to stand upon, be fixed;, jugis,
Verg.
ms
U88
111L
L instratus -a -um (in and sterno), un-
covered, V£rg.
2. instratus, partic. of insterno.
instrenuus -a -urn, inactive, lazy, idle,
riant. -.
lnstrepo -iii -ItuiiT, S. to make a noise, rattle,
clatter, creak ; sill) pnndere axis instrepat, Wig.
instringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to hind ; in-
Stricta fides gemmis, ()v.
lnstructi, adv. with compar. (instructus),
with Great preparation ; ludos instmctius fecit,
Liv.
lnstructlo -onis, f. (instruo), a setting in
array, drawing up in order ; militum, Cic.
Instructor -oris, m. (instruo), a preparer;
convivii, Cic.
1. instructU3 -a -tun, p. adj. (from instruo),
1, provided with, furnished ; Graecia instructa
COpiU, Cic. : 2, instructed, learned ; in jure
civili, Cic. ; instructor a jure chili, Cic.
2. instructUS -Gs, m. (instruo), a prepara-
tion, provision; fig. =r matter (in a speech),
while oru&txis— rhetorical ornament, quocumque
(oratio) ingreditur, eodem est instructa orna-
tnque comitata, Cic.
instrumentum -i, n. (instruo). I. a tool,
implement, instrument; a, sing., instrumentum
villae, implements of husbandry, Cic. ; niilitare,
Caes. ; belli, Cic. ; b, plur., instrumenta anilia,
dress, Ov. II. Transf., 1, store, stock; oratoris,
Cic; 2,- means to an end; instrumenta ad Qb-
tinendam sapientiam, Cic.
Instruo -struxi -structum, 3. I. to build in
or into ; contabulationes in parietes, Caes. II.
A. to set up, build; muros, Nep. B. to arrange,
prepare; a, lit., apud aliquem epulas instruere,
Liv. ; b, transf., instruere fraudem, Liv. C. to
furnish, equip, provide; 1, gen., a, lit., domum
Biiam in provincia, Cic; domus Instructa oraedes
instructae, a furnished house, Cic; b, transf.,
acensationem et petitionem adornare atque in-
struere, Cic. ; of persons, aliquem mandatis,
Liv.; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t, (a) to arm;
exercttam, Liv.; (/3) to draw up in order of battle,
to post ; exercitum, aciem, Cic ; b, to teach,
Instruct ; aliquem ad omne officii munus, Cic.
insuavls -e, 7io? sireet, unpleasant, disagree-
able ; littera insnavis.siina, ill-sounding, Cic. ;
homo, Hot.; vita, Cic.
Ineubres -Ivan and -um, m. the Insubrians,
a people in Cisalpine Han't, whose capital was
Mediolanum (Milan); sing., Insuber -bris, in.
cm Insubrian. Adj., Insuber -bris -bre, In-
subrian.
Insuber, v. Insubres.
insudo, 1. to sweat in or at; libellis insudat
manus, Hor.
insuefactus -a -um (in -sueo and facio),
accustomed to, inured to, Caes.
insuesco -sufvi -suStum, 3. I. Intransit.,
to accustom oneself to, to become used to; corpori,
Tac. ; ad disoiplinam, Liv. ; with infln., victoria
frui, Liv. II. Transit., to accustom, habituate
any one to ; insuevit pater hoc me, Hor.
1. insuetus -a -um (in and suesco), 1, un-
accustomed to, unused to; with genit., laboris,
Caes. ; with dat., moribus Romanis, Liv. ; with
ad and the ace, ad stabilem pugnain, Liv.; with
infin., vera audire, Liv.; 2, pass., unusual,
unwonted; solitudo, Liv.; poet., insueta (ncut.
plur.) as adv., unusually ; rudere, Verg.
2. Insuetus -a -um, partic of insuesco.
Insula -ae, f. 1, on island, Cic. ; 2, a detached
house or building, let out to several poor Jnmi-
iies, Cic. ; a hired lodging, Tac, Suet.
insulnnus -i, m. (insula), an islander, Cic.
lnsulse, adv. (insnlsus), insipidly, tastelessly,
sillily, absurdly; loqui, Cic.
insulsitas -atis, f. (insnlsus), Insipidity,
tastelessn ess, absurdity ; Graecorum, Cic.
insulsus -a -uin (iii and salsns), 1, vnsulteil.
insipid ; O gulam insiflsam, pleased with taste-
less food, Cic, ; 2, insipid, tasteless, absurd,
foolish; genus ridiculi, Cic. ; adolescens, Cic.
insulto, 1. (intens. of insilio), 1, to leap at
or on; busta, Hor.; nemora., dance through, \ erg.;
2, to scoff at, revile, insult, deride; alicui in
calamitate, Cic. ; multos bonos, Sail. ; in rem-
publicam, Cic.
insultura -ae, f. (insilio), a leaping at or on
anything, Plant.
tnsum -ffti -esse, to be in or on; 1. lit.,
comae insunt capiti, Ov. ; ferrum quale hastis
velitaribus inest, Liv. ; 2, transf., (0 be in, to
be contained in, to belong to; with in and the
abl., superstitio in qua inest inanis timor, Cic;
vitium aliqnod inesse in moribus, Cic; with
dat., cui virile ingenium inest, Sail.
insumo -sumpsi -sumptuin, 3. to take for
anything, expend; teruncium in aliquem, Cic. ;
sumptuin in rem, Cic. ; pauoos dies refioi-
endae olassi, Tac; operam libellis nccusa-
toiiini, Tac.
insUO -sfii -sutum, 3. to sew in, sew up, sew
on; aliquem in culeum, Cic; insutum vestibus
aurnm, embroidered, sewn on, Ov.
insuper. I. Adv. A. Lit, 1, above, over,
overhead; insuper injicere centones, Caes. ; 2,
from above; jngum insuper imniinens, Liv.
B. Transf., over and above, in addition, more-
orer, besides; insuper etiam, Liv. ; insuper quani,
Liv. II. Prepos. with ace, Cato.
insuperabilis -e, 1, insurmountable, im-
passable; via, Liv.; 2, transf., unconquerable;
genus insuperabile hello, Verg. ; fatum, inevit-
able, Ov.
insurgo -surrexi -surrectnin, 3. to rise up,
raise oneself up. I. Lit. A. Of persons, to rise
to one's full height, in order to give more force to
some action of the body ; arduus insurgens, Liv. ;
of rowers, insurgite remis, put all your strength
into the stroke, Verg. B. Of things, inde colles
insurgunt, Liv. ; of the wind, aquilo, Hor. ; of
water, vastius insurgens docimae ruit impetus
undae, Ov. II. Transf., a, to increase in power ;
Caesar paulatiin insurgere, Tac. ; b, to rise up
against; suis regnis, Ov.
instisurro, l. to whisper, whisper in the ear ;
a, intransit., alicui, Cie. ; in aurem alicuius,
Cic ; b, transit., alicui cantilenam, Cic.
IntabeSCO -tabui, 3. 1, to pine, waste, wither
away gradually ; diuturno morbo, Cic. ; 2, to
become liquid, melt ; cera igni, Ov.
intactilis -e, that cannot be touched, Lucr.
1. intactus -a -um (in and tang?), un-
touched. I. Gen., nix, virgin, Liv. ; cervix
juvencae, untouched by the yoke,\ erg.; Britaiimts,
unconquererl, Hor. ; intactum Graecis cannon,
not attempted by, Hor. II. Esp., a, unhurt;
prope intacti evasere, Liv. ; b, pure., rlmste ;
Pallas, Hor.; c, intactus aliqua re prabaliqua
re, free, from ; infamia, cupiditate, Liv.
2. intactus -us, m. intangibility, Lucr.
intaminatus -a -um (in and "tamino,
whence also contamino), unstained, unspotted;
honores, Hor.
1. intectUS -a -um, 1, uncovered, unclothed,
unarmed; pedes, Tac; dux, Tac; 2, open,
frank, Tac
2. intectUS -a -um, partic of intego.
int
289
int
intogoiius :i ,-uiii (dim. of integer), tolerably
uninjured, pretty safe, Cic.
integer -gra •grain (for intager, from in and
TAG-o, tango), whole, entire^ undiminished. I.
Physically, a, unharmed, unwounded, Cic; in-
tegros pro sauciis arcessere, Sail. ; b, of food,
fresh, untainted; aper.'Hor. ; c, unhurt, un-
diminished, whole; snblieae quarnm pars in-
ferior integra remanebat, Caes. ; opes integrae,
Hor. ; exiBtimatio, Cic; d, unmixed, pure;
fontes, Hor. ; e, of strength, fresh, unweakened,
unexhausted, vigorous; integris viribus repug-
nare, Caes.; f t chaste, pure; virgo, Cat.; g, of
health or age, sound, blooming; valetndo, Cic;
integer aevi, in the. prime of life, Verg. ; h, of
time, entire ; annus, Cic. ; i, undiminished,
/resit ; integram famem ad bvnni alfero, Cic ; de
integro, anew, Cic ; so ab integro, Cic ; as legal
1. t., in integrum restitnere, to restored thing to
Hit former condition; praedia, Cic. II, Morally
and intellectually. A. Intellectually, a, iw-
decided, undetermined ; rem integrant relin-
quere, Cic. ; causain integrant reservare alicui,
Cic ; in integro mini res est, or integrum est
uiihi, / am fully at liberty, Cic. ; foil, by infin.
or tit. and the subj., Cic; sibi integrum reservare
de aliqUO or de aliqua re, to reserve one's freedom
of action, Cic ; dare, to leave or grant full liberty,
Cic ; b, inexperienced ; rudem me et integrum
discipulum accipe, Cic. ; c, intellectually whole,
unbiassed, impartial, free from prejudice ; integri
testes, Cic; integrum se servare, Cic. B.
Morally, a, uncorrupted ; se integros eastosque
conservare, Cic; b, blameless, innocent, pure ;
nemo integrior, Cic.; integer vitae scelerisque
punis, Hor.; c, inviolate; fides, Tac ; jus, Cic.
intego -texi -tectum, 3. to cover; turres
coriis, Caes.
integrasco. 3. (integro), to break out afresh,
Ter.
integratio -onis, f. (integro), a renewing,
renewal, Ter.
integro, adv. (integer). I. purely, correctly;
dicere, Cic. II, a, honestly, uprightly, impar-
tially ; judicare, Cic; b, disinterestedly; in
privatorum periculis caste integreque versari,
Oic
integrftas -atis, f. (integer). I. a, unim-
paired condition, soundness, health; corporis,
Cic; valetttdinis, Cic; b, purity, correctness;
incorrupta quaedam sermonis Latini integritas,
Cic II. honesty, uprightness, integrity; in-
tegritas vitae, Cic.
integro, 1. (integer). I. a, to renew, repeat,
begin afresh; pugnam, Liv. ; lacrimas, Li v. ;
b, to heed ; elapsos in pravum artus, Tac II.
to refresh ; animus integratttr, Cic.
integumontiini -i, n, (intego). I. a cover-
ing ; lanx cum integunieiitis, Liv. II. Transf.,
a cloak, disguise ; haec flagitiorum intcgumenta,
Cic ; evolutnm illis integumentis dissimnlati-
onis tnae, Cic.
intellectus -us, m. (intelligo). I. a per-
ceiving, perception, sensation, Flin. II. an un-
derstanding, comprehension; boni, mail, Tac;
intellectuin habere, to be understood, Tac.
intelligens -entis, p. adj. (from intelligo),
1, intelligent, understanding or well acquainted
with anything ; a, of persons, vir, Cic. ; cuiusvis
generis eius intelligens, Cic; b, of things,
judicium, Cic; 2, a connoisseur; homo in-
geniosuset Intelligens (opp. idiota), Cic. ; in hisee
rebus intelligens esse, Cic.
inteUigenter. adv. (intelligens), intelli-
gently, with understanding ; audiri, Cic.
intelligent^ -ae, f. (intelligens). I. a
toneeption, idea, Cic. II. insight, intelligence,
10
knowledge. A. quia difflcilis crat aiiiiili, quid
aut. qualis esset intelligentia, Cic; intelligen-
tiam juris habere, Cic. B; a, the knowledge of
a.cannoisseur in some art, taste, Cic ; b, under'
standing; fretus intelligentia vestrS) Cic. ; quod
in nostram intellige.ntiam cadit, Cic. ; res sub
intelligentiam cadentes, Cio.
intelligo »(intellego) -lexi -lectum, 3.
(inter and lego), to understand, comprehend. I.
By the senses or understanding, to mark, per-
ceive, observe, feel ; de gesttl intelligo quid re-
spondeas, Cic; intellexi ex tuis litteris, te
audisse, Cic ; ex quo intelligitur or intellig-
endiim est,, or intelligi potest, with ace aud
infin. or rel. sent, (with quam, quantus, etc.),
Cic II. to form an idea or conception, to think,
to understand. A. corpus quid sit intelligo,
Cic; with ncc and infin., to be of the opinion,
to think; ipsi iutelligamus natimi gigni sensum
dillgendi, Cic B. Esp., 1, to be a connoisseur ;
tamen non multuin in istis rebus intelligo, Cic;
2, to understand a jyerson's character, judge, ap-
preciate ; aliquis falsus intelligitur, Tac. (syncop.
perf., intellexti, Cic)
Intemelii (Intimelii) -Drum, m. a people
on the east side of the A'p>s, a branch of the
Ligurians. Hence, Intemelium -ii, n. the
chief town of the Intemelii.
intemeratus -a -urn (in and temero), un-
spotted, nndefiled, inviolate; fides, Verg.
intemperans -antis, 1, extravagant, im-
moderate, intemperate; intemperantis est, with
infin., Cic. ; in augendo eointemperantior, Liv. ;
of things, libertas, gloria, Cic; 2, esp., incon-
tinent ; in aliqua re, Cic; of things, intern-
perantissimae perpotationes, Cic.
intemperanter, adv. (intemperans), im-
moderately, extravagantly, intemperately ; intern-
perantius opibus suis uti, Cic.
intemperantia -ae, f. (intemperans), a,
want of modenition, immoderateTtess, excess, intem-
perance ; libidinuin, Cic; \\m, immoderate indul-
gence in, Liv. ; b, insubordination, insolence,
naughtiness, arrogance, Cic.
intemperate, adv. (intemperatus), intem-
perately; vivere, Cic.
intemperatus -a -um, intemperate, im-
moderate; intemperata quaedam benevolentia,
Cic. ; intemperata nocte, in the dead of night,
Ov.
intempcriae -arum, f. (intempero), inclem-
ent, unfavourable vicather ; transf., quae te in-
temperiae tenent? are you crazy ? Plaut. -
intomperies -ei, f. I. inclement, un-
seasonable weather; caeli, Liv.; aquarum, exces-
sive fall of rain, Liv. II. Transf., A. intem-
perate behaviour, outrageous conduct, insubordi-
nation ; amici, Cic. ; cohortium, Tac B. in-
continence, intemperance; unius ex illis viris,
Cic.
intcmpestive, adv. (intempestivns), unsea-
sonably ; accedere, Cic.
intempestivus -a -um, unseasonable, un-
timely, inopportune ; epistola, Cic.
intompestus -a -um (in and temptts or
tempestas), 1, unseasonable ; inteinpesta nox,
the dead of night, Cic ; personified, Nox intein-
pesta, the, mother of the Furies, Verg. ; 2, un-
wholesome, unhealthy; Graviscae, Verg.
intendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. to stretch out,
extend. A. Lit., 1, dextram ad statuam, Cic. ;
2, of weapons, to aim, direct ; tela, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, transit., a, to move in any direction,
to direct totvards ; iter in or ad locum, to direct
one's course towards, Liv. ; b, to apply the mind,
direc' <] ie thoughts to; animum eo, Cic; animura
int
200
-int
or inentem in aliquid, Cic. ; oculos mentesqne
ad pugnam, Caes. ; c, to direct with hostile in-
tention, to excite; eo bellum, Liv. ; periculum
alicui or in aliquem, Cic. ; alicui litem, Cic. ;
2, intransit. or reflex., a, to direct one's course ;
quo intenderat inManlianacastra pervenit, Cic;
b, to direct one's efforts; quocumque intenderat,
res adversae erant, Sail. ; c, to devote oneself to ;
ad publieas curas, Tac. II. to stretch. A. Lit.,
arenm, Cic; vincula stnpea collo, stretch, round,
Verg.; tabcrnacula carbaseis velis, to pitch, Cic.
B. Transf., 1, to exert ; se ad Urniitatem, Cic. ;
2, to intend; qnod animo intenderat, Cic;
3, to raise; vocem, Verg. ; 4, to maintain, try
tu prove; id quod intenderat confirinare, Cic.
1. intentatus -a -um (in and tento), un-
touched, -untried; nil intentatum nostri liquere
poetae, unattempted, Hor.
2. intentatus -a -um, partic. of intento.
intento, adv. (intentus), carefully, diligently,
attentively, vigorously; aliquan intentius ad-
moncre, Liv.
intentlO -onis, f. (intendo). I. a directing,
attention, absol., Cic. ; with subject, genit., vul-
tus, Tac. ; with object, genit., iusus, Liv. II.
stretching; a, corporis, Cic; b, of the mind,
an effort, exertion; animi cogitationum, Cic; c,
intention ; adversariorum, Cic.
intento, 1. (intens. of intendo), 1, to stretch
towards or against, to stretch out threateningly ;
manna in aliquem, Liv. ; sicam alicui, Cic. ; 2,
to threaten with hostile purjwsc ; anna Latinis,
to threaten with war, Cic.
1. intentus -us, m. (intendo), a stretching
cut; palmaruiii, Cic.
2. intentus -a -um. I. Partic. of intendo.
II. P. adj. (from intendo), a, anxious, intent,
full of expectation ; omnes milites intenti ptignae
proventum exspectabant, Caes. ; with ad or ad-
versus aliquid, or with dat., attentive to, waiting
eagerly for; in omnein occasionem, Liv.; b,
with dat., or ad, or in with the ace, attentive
to, intent upon, busied with, zealous in; operi
agresti, Liv. ; esp. of soldiers, ready for battle;
paratus et intentus, Liv. ; c, active, unceasing,
vigorous; intentissima enra, Liv.; a, rigorous;
disciplina, Tac.
intepeo, 2. to be lukewarm, Prop.
intepesco -tSptti, 3. (inchoat. of intepeo),
to become lukewarm, grow gradually warm, Ov.
inter (in with adverbial ending ter), prep,
with ace. between, among, amid. A, Of space,
1, of rest, moror inter aras, templa, Cic. ;
quum (Hercules) inter homines esset, among
the number of, Cic. ; inter falcarios, in the street
of the sickle-makers, Cic. ; 2, of motion, inter
Ktationes hostium emissi, Liv. B. Transf.,
of time, 1, between; inter horam tertiam et
quavtam, Liv.; 2 f during, in the course of ; inter
decern annos, Cic ; inter cenam, Cic. ; inter
agendum, Verg. C. 1, among a class; ado-
lescent infer suos, Cic. ; 2, between (parties,
ndvorsarien, etc.); inter Marcellos et Claudius
patrieios judicare, Cic; 3, of division, portion,
inter se, between one, another, Cic. ; 4, between
(of friendship, hostility, etc.); aiiiicitiain nisi
inter bonos esse non posse, Cic. ; 5, with pro-
nouns, Inter se, inter nos, inter vos, inter ipsoa,
lietween one another, mutually; amare inter se,
to love one. another, Cic. D. Particular phrases,
a ? inter sienrios accusare, to accuse of murder,
Cic. ; b. inter panca and inter paucos, especially,
particularly, Liv. ; c, inter cuncta, before all,
Hor. ; d, inter haec, meanxchile, Liv. (inter some-
times put after its case, quos inter, Cic).
intSramenta -orum, n. (inter), the wood-
work of a ship, Liv,
Interamna" -ae, f., 1,- a town in UmSmi,
now Terni ; 2, a town in I.atium, now Teramo,
Hence, adj.,1, Interamnanus -a -um ; 2,
Interamnas -Stis, belonging to Interamna.
Sulist., Interattinates -inm, m. the people oj
In' ramna.
interaresco, 3. to become dry, to dry up,
decay, transf., Cic.
interbibo, 3 to drink up, Plant.
inter bl to, 3. to perish, Plant.
intercalaris -e (intercalo), intercalary;
cnlendae, the first day of an intercalary month,
Cic.
intercalarius -a -um (intercalo), inter-
calary ; mensis, Cic.
intercalo, 1. (lit., to call out that something
is inserted), 1, to insert or intercalate a day or
month in the calendar; si sciesRomae intercalat-
ion sit neene, Cic. ; 2, to defer, put off; poenam,
Liv.
intercapedo -Inis, f. (intercapio), n>i inter-
val, intermission, jwise, respite; molestiae, Cic
intercedo -cessi -cessum, 3. to go between,
come between. I. Lit., inter singulas legiones
impedimentorum magnum numerum intercedere,
Caes. II. Transf., A. a, of places, to stand, or
lie "between; palus quae pcrpetua intercedebat,
Caes. ; b, hence of time, to intervene; nox nulla
intercessit, Cic. ; c, of events, to happen between ;
saepe in bello parvis momentis magni casus in-
tercedunt, Caes. ; d, of relations, to be between ;
inter nos vetus usus intercedit, Cic. B. Of
persons, to stepbeticeen ; a, by way of hindrance,
to interpose, withstand, protest against (of the
tribunes when they exercised their veto) ; legi,
Cic. ; alicui, Cic. ; b, asamediator, to interpose;
quum vestra auctoritas intercessisset ut, etc.,
Cic. ; in money transactions, to stand surety; pro
aliquo, Cic; maguampecuniam pro aliquo, in a
large sum for, Cic.
interceptlo -onis, f. (intercipio); a taking
away; poculi, Cic.
interceptor -oris, m. (intercipio), one who
takes away, an embezzler; praedac, Liv.
intercessio -onis, f. (intercedo), 1, an in-
tercession, interposition, suretyship for any one,
Cic; 2, a protest or exercise by the tribunes of
their veto, Cic.
intercessor -Oris, m. (intercedo), 1, a surety,
bail, Cic; 2, one who protests against, opposes,
withstands (of a tribune in the exercise of his
veto); legis, Cic
1. intercido -cldi -clsum, 3. (inter and
caedo), to cut off, cut asunder; pontem, to de-
molish, pull down, Liv. ; niontem, to cut through,
Cic.
2. intercido -cldi, 3. (inter and cado), 1, to
fall between, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to happen, oc-
cur; si quae interciderunt, Cic. ; b, to become
lost, decay, perish; inimici, ap. Cic; memoriii,
be forgotten , Liv. ; intercidit mini aliquid, I hare
forgotten something, Hor.
intercino, 1. (inter and cano), to sing lr-
tween; medios actus, Hor.
intercipio -cSpi -ceptnmS. (inter and eapio),
to take by the toay, intercept, I. Lit. litteras,
Cic; comment ns, \.\\\ II. Transf., 1, to de-
prive, of, roh, steal ; ngmm ah aliquo, Liv. ;
aliquem neci, Ov. ; 2, to snatch away, tuny off
prematurely; aliquem veneno, Tac; 3, to rut.
off; iter, Liv.
intercise,' adv. (intercisus), confusedly, in-
terruptedly ; dicere, Cic.
intercludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (inter and
clndo, claudo). I. to block up, hinder; alieui
fugam, Cic; tig., oinnes sedttionum vias, Cic.
illt
291
illt
If. A. to ail njf, separate, from; aliquem ab
exercitu, Caes. ; aliqueiu re frumentaria, Cars. ;
fig., intercludor dolore quominus, etc., I am
prevented by grief, Cic. B. to enclose, shut In;
aliquem in iis insidiis quas, etc., Cic; angustiis
intercludi, Caes.
interclusio -onis, f. (intercludo), a stopping
or blocking up ; anituae, Cic.
intercolumnium -ii, n. (inter and c<d-
mniia), Hie space (ielare}i two columns, Cic.
intercurro -cficurri and -enrri -enrsum, 3.
I. 1, to run between, Lucr.; 2, lig., a, to step
between, intercede, Cic. ; b, to run along with, be
among, mingle with ; his laboriosis exercitation-
ilms et dolor intercurrit, Cic. II. to run or
hasten to in the meanwhile; Veios ad confirm-
andos militum animos, Liv.
intercurso, 1. (intens. of intercavro), to
run between, Li v.
intercursus -us, m. (intercurro), a running
between, interposition, ; intercursu consulum,
snorum, Liv.
iutercus -cutis (inter and cutis), under the
skin ; aqua, the dropsy, Cic.
interdatus -a -urn, partic. of interdo.
int: iico -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to forbid,
prohibit. A. Gen., a, alicui aliquit re or aliquo ;
Romanis omni Gallia, Caes.; b, alicui aliquid;
alicui orbein, Ov. ; c, with or without dat. of
person, foil, by ne or ut, etc., and the subj., in-
terdicit atque imperat Cassivellauno ne Mandu-
bracio uoceat, Caes. ; in pass., Pythagoreis in-
terdietumnefabavescerentur, Cic, B. Esp., 1,
as legal t. t., interdicere alicui aquii et igni,
to banish, Cic; 2, sacriliciis interdicere, Caes.
II. to order, command; 1, with ut and the subj.,
familiae ralde interdicere utunidictoaudienss'it,
Cic. ; 2, of the praetor, to male a provisional
or interlocutory decree ; de vi, Cic. ; praetor in-
terdixit ut unde dejectus esset eo restitueretur,
Cic.
InterdictlO -onis, f. (interdico), a forbid-
ding, prohibition; aquae et ignis, banishing,
Cic.
interdictum -i, n. (interdico), 1, a prohibi-
tion; with subject, genit., C- •saris, Cic; 2, a
praetor's interdict or provisional order, Cic.
interdiu (interdius), adv. in the daytime,
by day; nocte an interdiu, Liv.
Interdo -dldi -datum, 1. to give between, dis-
tribute, Lucr.
intcrduatim = interdum (q.v.).
interductus -u, m. ("interduco), inter-
punctuation, Cic.
interdum, adv. 1, sometimes, occasionally
now and then; interdum . . . interdum, Cic;
2, meanwhile, Tac
interduo = interdo (q.v.).
'.'- interea, adv. (inter ami aid. ea), 1, in the
meantime, meanwhile, Cic. ; interea quum, Cic. ;
2, nevertheless, notwithstanding, Cic. ; quum
interea, Cic.
interemptio -onis, f. (interimo), slaughter,
slaying, Cic.
interco -ii -Itum, 4. to perish, to be lost
among. I. Lit., muriae stilla intent magni-
tudme maris, Cic. II. Transf., to perish, be
destroyed, be lost ; a, of tilings, intereunt sacra,
Cic; b, of men, to die; fame aut ferro, Caes.
(syncop. perf. forms, interisse, interissent, Cic).
interequito, 1. to ride between; ordines
Liv.
interfatio -onis, f. (interfor), a speaking
between, interruption in discourse, Cic.
interfectio -onis, f. (interficio), a sluyhig,
ap. Cic.
interfector -Oris, m. (interficio), « murderer,
slayer, Cic.
interfectrix -tricis, f. (interfector), a mur-
dcress, Tac.
interficio -feci -fectinn, 3. (inter and facin),
to destroy, put an end to, bring to naught ; a, it*
things, messes, Verg. ; lierbas, Cic; b, of per-
sons, to murder, to slay, kill; iHiqlieill iusidiis,
Cic. ; Crassnm suapte interfectiun nianu, Cic.
interfio -fieri (pass, of interficio = Inter-
licior), to perish, Plant.
interfliio -iluxi -iluxum, 3. to /low between ;
Naupactum et Patras, Liv.
in'terfluus -a -mn(\nteiRuo),jlowingbetween,
Plin.
interfodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig into,
pierce, Lucr.
interfor -fatus sum,'l. dep., to speakbetween,
interrupt in discourse ; aliquem, Liv. ; or absol.,
Liv., Verg. (1st pers. pres. not found).
interfiigio, 3. to flee between, Lucr.
interfulgens -entis, shining or gleaming
among or lie! ween, Liv.
interfundo -fudi -ffisum, 3. to pour between ;
middle, interfundi, to flow between; noviensStyx
interfusa, Verg.; transf., maculis interfusa genas,
stained with, Verg.
intei'lbi, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime.
Plant.
intericio = interjlcio (q.v.).
interim, adv., 1, meanwhile, in the mean-
lime, Cic. ; 2, however, Cic.
interimo -emi -emptum, 3. (inter and emo),
to take away out of the midst; 1, of things, to
destroy, annihilate, make an end of; sacra, Cic. ;
2, of percons, to put out of the way, to kill, slag,
murder; aliquem, Cic; stirpem f'ratris Virileni,
Liv. ; se, to commit suicide, Cic. ; transf., rue
examinant et interimunt hae voces Milonis, Cic.
interior, interius -oris, compar. adj.,
intimus -a -urn, superl. (in-ter). I. Compar.
interior. A. Lit., 1, inner, interior; pars
aediuin, Cic. ; interiore epistola, in the middle
of the letter, Cic. ; Falernum interiore neta, from,
the, depth of the cellar, Hor. ; interior ictibus,
within shot, Liv. ; 2, a, remote from the sea, in-
land ; r.ationcs, Cic; interiora regni. the interior
of the kingdom Liv. ; b, nearer, shorter (of the
racecourse); gyrus, on the inside of the course,
Hor. ; cursus, shorter, Cic B. Transf., 1,
interior periculo vulneris, too near to be in
danger of a wound, Liv. ; 2, a, more secret, more
confidential; cmicitia, Cic; b, deeper; (a) timor,
Cic; (/3) more erudite, profound; interiores et
reconditae litterae, Cic. II. Super]., intTmus
-a -urn, inmost. A. Lit., intima Macedonia, the
very centre of Macedonia, Cic. B. Transf, 1,
deepest, most profound; disputatio, philnsophia,
Cic. ; 2, most secret, confidential, intimate;
amicus, Cic. ; intimus alicui, Cic ; familiaritas,
Nep. Bubst., intimus -i, in. an intimate
friend, Cic.
interitio -onis, f. (interco), destruction,
ruin ; aratorum, Cic.
interitus -us, m. (lntcreo), destruction, ruin,
annihilation; a, of things, legum, Cic ; b, of
persons, consulum, Cic. ; with abl., exercitus
nostri interitus ferro, fame, frigore, Cic.
interius, 1, compar. adj., v. interior ; 2,
compar. of intra, V. intra.
interjaceo, 2. to lie between or among;
absol., interjacebat campus, Liv.; with dat.,
inc
292
int
calnpus interjacens Tiberi nc uioenibua Ronianis,
Liv.
interjectus -us, m. (interjicio), a putting
between ; a, of place, interpositu iuterjectuque
terrae, between the sun and the moon, Cic. ; b, of
time, an interval; interjectu noctis, after an
interval of a night, Tac.
interjicio (interjaclo) -jeci -jeotuin, 3. to
throw, cast, place, put among, or between. I. Lit,
legionaries eohortes, Caes. Partic, inter-
jectus -a -urn, interposed, thrown between ;
nasus, quasi murns oeulis infcerjectna, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, idqne, intcr.jee.it. inter imlividuum
at<pie id, etc., Cic. ; interjectus inter philo-
sophos et eos, standing between, Cic; 2, a, of
lime, to put in between ; morani, Tac. ; anno in-
terjecto, after the internal of a year, Cic. ; b, of
words, to intermingle; pleraque Latino serinone,
Cic.
interjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. to join to-
gether, unite, connect ; dextras, Liv.
interlabor -labi, 3. dep., to glide, fall,
flow between; in tmesis, inter enim labentur
aquae, Verg.
interlego, 3. to pluck, gather here and there,
Ve"g.
interlino -levi -lltnm, 3. I. to daub be-
tween; eaementa interlita Into, Liv. II. to
erase, cancel, to falsify by erasure; testament -urn,
Cic.
interloquor -IScutus (-loquQtus) sum, 3.
dep., to interrupt a person speaking, Ter.
intcrluceo -lnxi, 2. I. to shine, gleam
between ; terrena quaedain atque ctiam voiucria
animalia plerumqne interlucent (in amber), Tac. ;
impers., noctu interluxisse, there had been in-
termls of light, Liv. II. A. to shine forth;
qulbns intar gradus dignitatis et fortunae ali-
quid interlncet, Liv. B. to be transparent,
capable of being seen through (on account of
email numbers); interlncet corona (militant),
Verg.
interlunlum -li, n. (inter and luna), the
change of the moon, time of new moon, Hor.
lnterluo -iii, 3. to flow between, wash between;
frer.um quod] Caprens et Surrentnm interluit,
Tac.
intermenstruus -a -urn, between two
months; intermenstruo tempore, at the time of
the change of the moon, Cic; subst., inter-
menstruum -i, n. (se. tempus), the time of the
•new moon, Cic.
1. interminatus -a -um (in and termino),
iinhanmled, boundless; magnitudo regionum, Cic.
2. interminatus -a -um, v. interminor.
interminor, l. dep., to threaten, forbid with
tl>re"t<, Plant.; partic. perf. pass., cibus in-
terminatus, forbidden with threats, Hor.
intermisceo -miscui -mixtnm, 2. to mix
with, intermix; with dafc, turham indignoruin
intermiscere dignis, Liv.; Intermixti hostibus,
Liv.
intermissio -onis, f. (intermitto) I. leav-
ing off; epistolarum, Cic; officii, Cic. II.
respite, interruption, interval; verborum, Cic;
Bine ulla temporis intermissione, Cic.
intermissus -a -uin, partic of intermitto.
intermitto -mlai -missum, 3. I. Transit.,
A. to place between ; trabes paribus intermissae
Bpatlis, Caes. B. to leare a space between, leavefree,
unoccupied, vnsurronnded ; 1, lit., pars oppidi
a flamine intermissa, Caes. ; ?ora custodibus
interiniMa, Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to leare off for a
Um.-, give over, break off, interrupt, neglect ; stadia,
Cic; proe'mm, Caes. ; with inlin., a'licui'litteras
lulttere, Cic: vento intermisso, the wind having
dropped, Caes.; verba ab usu quotidian! sermdhlfl
intermissa, obsolete, Cic. ; b, of time, to Id pass ;
ne quern diem interiiiitterem, Cic ; with ab and
the abb, lit reliquum tempus ab labore inter-
mitteretur, Caes. ; with ad and the ace, nulla
pais nocturni temporis ad laborcm intermittitur,
Caes.; with a negat. foil, by quin and the subj.,
ncqne ullum fere; diem intermittebat quin
perspiceret, without examining, Caes.; c, '■'
discontinue, suspend an. office; jntermissis mag-
istratibna, Cic. IL Intransit., to cease, leare
°§1 f l>'a tlunien intermittit, Caes.
intcrmorior -mortuus sum, 3. dep., to die,
perish, decay ; 1, lit.., Suet. ; 2, transf., a, inter-
inorinntur reliquiae con.jurationis, Cic ; eivitas
intermoritur, Liv.; contionea interinortuae, life-
less, Cic. ; b, to faint away, Liv.
intermundla -orum, n. (interand mnndiis),
spaces between the worlds (according to Epieilrus,
the abode of the gods), Cic
intermuralis -e, between walls; amnis, Liv.
internascor -natus sum, 3. dep., to grow
between ; internata virgulta, Liv.
interne 1 cinus -a -um, v. intemecivus.
interneclo (internicio) -6nis, f. (inter,
neco), entire destruction, extermination, massacre,
carnage; civium, Cic; ad interneeionem ad.
dueere gentem, to annihilate, Liv.
intemecivus (internecinus) -a -um
(interneco), murderous, mortal, deadly, inter-
necine; bellum, Cic.
interneco, 1. to destroy utterly, exterminate ;
hostes, Plant.
internecto, 3. to bind together, to bind up;
ut fibula crincm auro iuterneetat, Verg.
internicio = intemecio (q.v.).
internlteo -nitCii, 2. to shine among, gleam
through, Plin.
internodlum -ii, n. (inter and nodus), the
sjxtce between tiro knot* or joints, Ov,
internosco -n5vi -notnin, 3. to distinguish
between ; geminos, Cic ; quae internosci a falsia
non possunt, Cic
internuntia, v. inteniuntius.
intemuntlo, 1. to send messengers bet:v- t
two parties, Liv.
internuntlus -a -um, adj., nsed as subst.,
a messenger, negotiator, go-between; a, masc,
Jovis interpretes internnntiique (of the augurs),
Cic ; b, fem., aves internuntiae Jovis, Cic.
internus -a -um, inward, internal, civil;
diseordiac, Tac.
intero -trlvi -trltum, 3. to rub, crumble,
pound in anything, Plin.
interpellate -5ni3, f. (interpello), inter-
ruption, hindrance, disturbance, especially in a
speech, Cic.
interpellator -oris, m, (interpello), an in-
; ter, disturber, Cic.
interpello, l. (interand ' pello -are, intens.
of pello -ere), 1 5 to interrupt a speaker; crebro
dicentem, Cic; 2, to disturb, hinder, impede;
a, of persons, aliquem in jure suo, Cic; aliquem
ne, etc., Liv. ; comitia, Liv. J b, of things, haec
tota res interpellata bello, Cic.
interpolatlo -onis, f. (interpolo), an altera-
tion, Plin.
interpolis -e (inter and polio), furbished,
ramped up, repaired} hence, not genuine, Plant.,
Plin.
interpolo, l. (interpolis), l,to alter, furbish,
repair, rump up; togam praetextam, to re-dye,
Cic. ; 2, to spoil, no-rupt, falsify ; semper aliquid
demenilo, mutando, intorpolando, Cic
int
293
int
interpono -pdsui •pSsftum, 3. to put, place,
lay between or among, interpose. I. Lit., 1,
elephantos, Liv. ; 2, a, to insert, intercalate ;
menses iutercalaiios, Liv.; b, to insert in dis-
course; ne inquaiu saepius interpoiieretiir, Cie.
II. Transf., A. Of time, In allow an interval to
pass between; spatiuni ad recrcandou animus,
Caes. ; Bpatio interposito, after some time, Cic. ;
inoram, Cic, cunctationem, Tac, to interpose,
delay. B. to cause to come between, to interpose;
operant, Htndium, laborem, to iisc, apply, Cic
C. to introduce, bring forward; a, judicium,
edictum, to bring forward, Cic; b, to bring
forward, allege as a reason or pretext; gladi-
atores iuterpositi sunt, Cie. ; c, to pledge one's
word; in aliquid or in aliqua re lidem suani,
Caes. D. to admit as a helper, participator, etc. ;
1, .indices, testes, Cic.; 2, se interponere in ali-
quid or alicui, to engage in, haoe to do with, med-
dle; sein pacificationem, Cic; se audae.iae alieu-
ius, Cic. E. to falsify; rationes populorum, Cic.
intorpositio -onis, f. (interpono), 1, a bring-
ing forward, introducing (inaspeecli); raultarum
personarum, Cic; 2, a putting in, insertion, Cic.
interposltus, abl. -u, m. (interpono), a
putting between, interposition ; luua interpositu
terrae deficit, Cic.
interpres -prStis, c. (inter and PRET,
*PAA, <i>p6.^u>). I. a negotiator, mediator, mes-
senger ; judieii cornunpendi, Cic; divum, Mer-
cury, Verg. II. A. (til expounder, explainer;
juris, Cic ; poetarum, Cic. ; divum, prophet,
prophetess, Verg., Liv. ; inlerpretes comitiorum,
the hnruspiccs, who declare whether the comitia
hare been rightly held, Cic. B. a, an interpreter;
appellarc or alloqui aliquem per intorprctem,
'Cic; b, a, translator; ncc couverti (orationcs)
lit interpres, scd ut orator, Cic
interpretatio -Onis, f. (inle.rpietor). I.
explanation, exposition, interpretation. A. Gen.,
.juris, Cic; verborum, Cic B. Ksp., transla-
tion, l'liu. ; coucr. = that which is translated;
foederis, Cic II. -meaning, understanding; ncc
interpretatio estfacilis, Liv.
interpreter, l. dop. (interpres), to explain,
expound, interpret, translate. A. Lit., 1, jus
alicui, Cic; fulgura, soiunia, Cic; 2, to translate;
epistolatu, Bcriptorcs, Cic B. Transf., 1, to put
an interpretation on, to understand in a certain
manner ; male, Cic; aliquid mitiorcm in partem,
Cic; with ace and iuiiit., reditu in castra libera t-
urn se esse jurejurando interprctabatur, Cic. ;
2, to understand, grasp, comprehend; recto
ahcums scntentiam, Cic; 3, to decide, determine;
neque, rccte an pcrporain, interpreter, Cic
(pass., Cic, csp. in pert partic.)
Interpunctio -onis, f. (interpuugo), punc-
tuation; verborum, Cie.
interpungo -punxi -punctum, 8. in punc-
tuate, point ; narratio interpuuota, well-divided,
Cic. ; partic subst., clausulae atque interpimcta
verborum, divisions, Cic.
interqueror -questua sum, 3. dep., to inter-
rupt with complaiuts, Liv. (?)
interquiesco -qulevi -quietuin, 8. to pause
between, rest in the meantime; quuni liaeo dix-
issem et pauluni interquiovisseiu, Cie.
interregnum -i, n. a period between two
reigns, an interregnum. Cic. ; under the republic
at Home, the time during the absence of the con-
suls, or between the death or retirement of the
consuls and the choice of successors, Cic.
interrex -regis, in. a regent, person tempor-
arily invested with royal authority, Cic. ; in later
times, a person appointed in the absence of the
consuls to hold the comitia, for the election of their
successors, Cic.
iutarrltas -a -uin (i;i and tcrrao), unterrifiea,
■tuidanut-.d, Verg.
intcrrogatio -Onis, f. (iuterrogo), a i/nestio\
questioning, interrogation, Cic; esp. a, legal t.t.,
the examination of witnesses; testinm, Tac.;
absol., Cie.; b, logic, t.t,, an, argument, syllogism;
apta intcrmgutioiie uoneludere, Cic.
intcrrogatiunciUa -ac, f.(diin. ofinterrog-
atici), a short syllogism or argument; minutae
mterrogatiuuculae, Cic.
interrogo, 1. I. to ask, question, interrogate ;
te eisdein de rebus, Cie. ; interrogabat suos quis
esset, Cie. ; interrogans soleiontue veterani
lilllites fugere, Caes.; with double ace., pusi-
onem quondam interrogavitquaedamgeonietrica,
Cic; iuterrogatus scntentiam, being asked his
opinion, Liv.; partic subst., interrSgatum
-i, u. a question; ad interrogata respondere,
Cic. II. Esp., a, to interrogate judicially, to
examine; testem, Cic; b, to accuse, bring an
action against; aliquem legibus ambitus, Sail.
interrumpo -rupi -rnptura, 3. to break
down, break in the middle, break asunder. I. A.
pontein, Caes.; aciem hostium, Liv. B. to
separate; interrupt ignes, isolated, Verg.; inter-
ruptae vocis, broken, Cic. II. Transf., to ir*
terrupt, disturb; a, gen., iter amoris et officii,
Cic ; b, to interrupt a speech; orationem, Cic.
interrupts, adv. (intemvptus from inter-
rumpo), interruptedly, disconnectedly ; lion in-
terrupte narrare, Cic
intersaepio -saepsi -saeptum, 4. to hedqe <>r
fence in, inclose, hem in, block up. I. Lit., foram-
ina, Cic; quaedain operibus, Liv. II. Trans!'.,
cat off, separate; urboiu vallo ab arce, Liv.;
iter, Cic
interscindo -scidi -seissuia, ::. to c«i or hew-
asunder. I. Lit., pontein, Cic ; \enas, to open,
Tac II. Transf., to mil off, separate; Chalcis
arcto intersciiiditur frcto, Liv.
intersepio = intersaepio (q.v.).
1. interscro -sevi -situin, 3. to sow or plant
between, Lucr.
2. intersSro, ". to put nr place between ;
oscula mediis verbis, Ov. ; transf., causam inter-
Kerens, alleging, Ncp.
interspiratio -onis, f. a breathing between,
a taking breath, Cic
1. intcrstinguo -stinctus, ". to cover with
spots or speckles; faeies intorstincla incdJcaiuiui-
bus, Tac.
li. intcrstinguo, 3. to extinguish; iguem,
Lucr.
interstrepo, 3. to roar, make a noise in the
midst of, Verg.
interstringo, 3. to squtczc tight; alicui
gulam, to throttle, Plant.
intersum -fiii -esse. I. A. to be between;
a, of space, ut Tiboris inter eos interessct, Cic. ;
b, of time, to intervene ; inter primuia ct sextum
consulatum XLVI anni interfucrunt, Cic B.
to be different, be distinguished from; ut inter eos
ne minimum quidem iutersit, Cic ; inter bomb
iicin et beluaui hoc maxime interest, Cic, ; quod all
CO nihil intersit.CiC. C. to be present, take part in ;
with in and the abl., iu eouvivio, Cic; with
dal,, conyivio, Cic. II. Impers., interest, i'i
concerns, it imports, it is of importance; constr. J
(o) with genit. of person or thing, or with tll«
fern. abl. of the possess, prou., me5, tua, sua,
nostra, vestra, enja, nam eoruiu quoque velic
nicnter iutoiest.Cic ; vestra hoc maxime interest.
Cic. ; (/3) with ad and the ace. of the thing, a<i
nostraiu laudcm nou inultum interesse, Cic;
(y) with the i:eut., multuin, quantum, tantuni,
plus, iilmimum, or with adv., maxime, vo«
mt
294
mt
hementei, magnopere, or with genit. of value,
inagni, parvi, minoris, pluris, inagni, Cic. ; (&)
willi inlin., or ace. ami in tin., or at or no, or
with vol. si'iit., inagni interest meS una nos
esse, Cic; illud magui mea interest ut te videani,
Cic. ; nunquain enim interest uter sit eorum
in jit'de extremo, tie,
lntertexo -texiii -textam, 3. to weave together,
interweave; (lores liederis intertoxti, Ov. ;
chlamys anro intertexta, Verg.
intertraho -traxi, 3. to take away, Plant
intertrlmentum -i, n. (inter and tern).
I. loss by friction, loss in working gold- and silver;
argenti, Liv. II. Transf., loss, damage; sine
ullo intertrimento, Cic.
interturu^tio -onis, f. disturbance, disquiet,
Liv.
intervallum -i, n. (inter and vallus), a
space between two palisades; lienee, I. A. an
intervening space, interval, distance; pari iuter-
vallo, at an equal distance, Caes. ; locorum, Cic.
B. an interval of time; literaruni, Cic.; sine
intervallo loquacitas, without intermission, Cic. ;
longo intervallo, after a long time, Cic. II.
difference, unlikeness, Cic; as t. t. of music,
intervalla = distinctions between high and low
notes, Cic.
intervello -vulsi -vulsum, 3. to pull or plucl:
out here and there, to thin, Plin.
interveruo -veni -ventum, 4. to come between,
come up while anything is doing, to intervene.
I. verens ne molest i vobis interveniremus, Cic.;
huic orationi, Liv. II. Transf., a, of time, to
intervene, to interrupt ; with dat., nox intervenit
proelio, Liv. ; b, of events, to happen while
something else is being done, and so to interrupt;
with dat., intervenit deinde his cogitationibns
avitum malum, Liv. ; exigna fortuna intervenit
uapieuti, opposes, Cic.
interventor -Oris, in. (iuterrenio), an inter-
rupter, u visitor; magis vacuo ab intcrventoribus
die, Cic.
interventus -us, ra. (Interventio), interven-
tion, interposition, interference; honiinis, Cic;
noctis, Caes.
lnterverto (-vorto) -verli (-vorti) -versum
(-vorsum), 3. (to turn aside), to embezzle, appro-
priate to one's own use, purloin ; 1, regale donum,
Cic; 2, transf., to take away, deprive of, defraud
of; proinissuiu et roceptuin (consulatuin) in-
lervcrtcie ct ad se trausfcrrc, Cic.; 3, to spend,
lavish, Tac
interviSO -Visi -visum, 3. 1, to look after, in-
siiect secretly ; crebro interviso, Cic. ; 2, to visit
from time to time; aliquem, Cic.
inter vSlito, 1. to fly about among, Liv.
intervomo, 3. to pour forth among, Luer.
intcstabilis -c, disqualified from being a
witness or from making a will; hence dishon-
ourable, disgraceful, infamous, execrable, Hoi'.,
Bali. ; perjuriuin, Liv.
intestdtUS -a -11111, 1, having made no will,
intestate; adv., intestate) orab intestate, intestate;
niori, Cic. ; 2, not convicted by witnesses, Plant.
intostinum -i, v. intestinus.
intcstinus -a -um (intus). I. inward, in-
ternal; subst., intcstinum -i, 11. an intestine;
andplnr., intcstina -orum, 11. the intestine*;
iutestiuuin medium, Cic. ; ex intcstinis laborare,
to have a pain in. the bowels, Cic II. a, domes-
tie, internal, civil; inteslinnm ac domesticnm
malum, Cic. ; belluni, Cic; b, subjective (opp.
oblatus, objective), Cic
intoxo -texOi -textmn, 3. I. to weave i»,
iilait in, interweave; 1, lit., purpureas uot&ti
(His, Ov. ; viniina, Caes.; 2, a, to interlace;
venae toto corpore intextae, Cic; b, to inter-
weave in discourse; parva magnis, Cic. II. to
weave, around, to wind, around, to surround;
hastas foliis, Verg.; hedorae sclent iutcxere
truneos, Uv.
intibnm (intybum, intubum) -i, n. and
intibus (intybus, intiibus) -i, c endive,
succory, Verg.
intime, adv. (intiinus), 1, confidentially, in-
timately, Nep.; 2, cordially, strongly; com-
lncndari ab aliquo, Cic.
intimus, superL from interior (q.v.).
intingo (intinguo) -tinxi -tinctum, 3. to
dip in; laces sanguine, Ov.
intolerabiiis -e, unbearable, intolerable;
frigus, dolor, Cic; saevitia, Liv.
intolerandus -a -11111, unbearable, unendur-
able, Cic. 1
intolerans -antis. I. Act., impatient of,
unable to bear; with genit., corpora intolerantis-
sima laboris, Liv. II. l'ass., unbearable, in-
tolerable; subjectis intolerantior, Tac.
intoleranter, adv. (intolerans), immoder-
ately, excessively, 'impatiently ; dolere, Cic; in-
tolerantius so jaclare, Cic. ; iutolerautissime
i- loriari, Cic.
intolerantia -ae, f. (intolerans), intolerable,
insufferable conduct, insolence; regis, Cic; ilia
superbia atque intolerantia, Cic.
intono -tonui -tonatuni, l. I. Intransit.,
Jo thunder. A. Lit., pater onuiipotens ter
caelo clarus ab alto intonuit, Verg B. Transf.,
a, to thunder, mahea thundering noise, especially
of a speaker ; jam hesterna concione intonuit vox
perniciosa tribuni, Cic; b, to 'lash; Aeneas
horrendnm intonat armis, Verg. II. Transit.,
a, to thunder forth; quum haec inteiiuisset
plenns irao, Liv. ; minas, Ov. ; b, to make
to roar upon; Eois intonate (luctibus hiems,
raging on, Ilor. (purtic. pert, pass., intonatus,
Hor.)
intonsus -a -um (in and tondeo), unshorn.
I. Lit., caput, Ov. ; of animals, intonsa bidens,
Verg. ; of persons, with long hair or beard ; deus,
Apollo, Ov. ; of the old Romans, intonsi avi, Or.,
Noma, Ov. ; Cato, Hor.; of savage nations,
homines intonsi et inculti, Liv. ; intonsi Getae;
Ov. II. wooded, leafy, not cleared of trees;
monies, Verg.
intorquco -torsi -lorlum, 2. I. to twist or
tin a miutd. A. Gen. 1, paludamuiituiu circum
brachium, Liv.; 2, to wind; rudcutes iutorti,
Ov. B. to hurl; teluininliostem.Verg.; transf.,
ardentes oculos, to roll, Verg.; intorqucntur
inter fratrcs gravisshnae contumeliae, Cic II.
to twist aside, turn, ■writhe. A. intorti capillis
Eumcnlduui ungues, Hor. ; navia vertiee retro
intorta, Liv. B. to distort, turn away ; lueiitiun
in dicendo, Cic.
intortus -a -um (partic. of intorquco).
intra (for inters sc. parte, from 'interns
-a -um). I. Adv. (compar. intSrius, super),
intime), within; compar., rapiat sitiens interi-
usque recoudat. Verg. II. Trepos. with ace,
within. A. Lit., of space ; 1, intra parietes,
Cic.; 2, into; ingredi intra linem loci, Cic.
B. Transf., 1, of time, within, hi the .■■;""'' "f;
intra lot annos, Cic. ; intra minus XIV, Cae.s. ;
foil, byquain, intra deciinum diem qillllll PhcrilH
VCIierat, in lets than ten days after liis a rriral,
Liv. ; 2, with numerals, intra centum, less .'/"<»
a hundred, Liv.; 3, of other words expressing
boundary, etc., cedcre. intra linem juris, Liv.;
intra legem epulari, within the bounds Vi\ ■ | <'»•/
by law, Oie,
int
295
inu
intrabilis -e (intro). that can be entered,
accessible ; anmis os multis simul venientibus
hand sane iutrabilu, Liv.
intractabilis -e, unmanageable, intractable,
ungovernable, rough; genus intraclabile bello,
uuconquered, Verg. ; bruma, rough, Verg.
intractatus -a -urn, nut handled. I. Lit.,
equus intractatus et novus, Cic. II. Transf.,
unattempted ; seelus, Verg.
intremisco -tremui, 3. (inchoat. of intreuio),
to begin to tremble; genua timure intremuere,Cic
intremo, 3. to tremble, quake, Verg.
intrepidc, adv. (iiitrepidus), without trem-
bling, undauntedly, intrepidly, Liv.
intrepidus -a -um. I. not trembling, un-
daunted, intrepid; dux, Ov\; with dat., in-
trepidus minantibus, Tac. II. free from aire
or alarm; hiems, undisturbed by war, Tac.
intrico, 1. (in and trieae), to confuse, entangle,
bring into confusion; Chrysippus intricatur,
Cic.
intrinsccus. adv. (intra and secus), inside,
inwardly, internally, Cato.
1. intritua -a -um (in and tero), not worn
away; transf., unexhausted; cohortes intritae ab
labore, Caes.
2. intrltus -a -um, partic. of intero.
1. intro, adv. (for intero sc. loco from * in-
terns -a -um), within; intro ire, Caes.; flliam
intro vocare, Cic.
2. intro, 1. (* interus), to go into, enter. A.
Lit,, regnum, pomocrium, Cic. ; in hortos, Ov. ;
ad monunenta, Liv. ; intra praesidia, Caes. B.
Transf., a, to enter, penetrate ; in rerum naturam,
Cic. ; in alicuius familiaritatem, Cic. ; b, of
tilings, quo non modo improbitas sed ne iin-
prudentia quidem pessit intrare, Cic.
introduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead or con-
duct into. I. Lit., copias in fines Bellovacorum,
Caes. ; exercitum in Ligures, Liv. II. Transf.,
A. to bring in, introduce; pliilosophiam in
domos, Cic; cousuetudinem, Cic. B. 1, to
introduce in speech; introducta rei similitudo,
Cic. ; 2, to maintain; with ace. and inlin., Cic.
introductio -onis, f. (introduco), bringing
in, introduction ; adolescentulorum, Cic.
introeo -ivi and -ii -Itum, 4. to go into, enter;
in ui-bem, Cic. ; donium, Cic. ; porta, by thegate,
Cic. ; transf., in vitam, Cic.
introfero -tuli -ferre, to bear, carry in ;
liberis cibum, Cic.
introgredior -grcssiis sum, ;j. dep. (intro
ami gradiur), to cuter, Verg.
introitus -us, m. (introeo), an entrance. I.
1, lit., aiiiyrnam, Cic; in urbem, Cic; 2,
transf., beginning, introduction, preamble; tabul-
ar Cludianae, defensionis, Cic. II. Me ton., a
place of entrance, passage, Cic.
intromitto -misi -missum, 3. to send in,
muse to enter; legiones, Caes.
introrsus (introrsum).adv. (for introver-
sus), 1, towards the inside, inwards, Caes. ; 2
inwardly, internally, Hor., Liv.
introrumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. to break in,
cuter by force; ca, Caes.
introspicio -spexi -spectum, 3. (intro and
specio), to look into, look within; 1, lit,, domuiii
fuam.Cic; 2, transf., to look attentively, observe,
exanune; in oinnes reipublicae partes, Cic; in-
troapice in mentcm tuam ipse, casta look within,
Cic ; aliorum folicitatem, Tac.
introversus = introrsus (q. v.).
introvoco, 1. to tan ;„, w n within, Cic,
intrude -trfisi -trusum, 3. to thrust in; se,
to intrude, Cic.
intubum -i, u., intubus -i, m., v. intibum.
intueor -tfiitus sum, 2. dep. to look at at-
tentively, gaze at. I. Lit, solem, Cic. ; in
aliquein contra, right in. the face, Liv. II. A.
to consider, contemplate, pay attention to ; aliquid,
Cic B. to look with astonishment or admiration,
at; Pompeiuni, Cic.
intuitus -a -um, partic. of intueor.
intumesco -tumui, 3. to swell, swell up. I.
A. Lit., intumuit venter, Ov. B. Transf., vox,
Tac ; intumescentc motu, Tac. II. Fig., a,
to swell with pride; superbia, Tac ; b, to swell
with anger, be angry; intumuit Juppiter, Ov.
intumulaius -a -um (in ami tumulo), un~
buried, Ov.
intuor, 3. dep. = intueor (q.v.).
inturbidus -a -um, 1, pass., undisturbed,
quiet; annus, Tac; 2, act, not turbulent; vir,
Tac
intiis, adv. (in and -tus, ep. eVosX within,
inside. 1. 1, ea quae sunt intus in corpora, Cic ;
poet, with abl., tali intus templo, Verg.; 2,
transf., within tlie heart; intus inanimisinclusac
(cupiditates), Cic. II. With verbs of motion,
into, to the inside; duci intus, Ov.
intutus -a -um, unprotected, unsafe. I.
Pass., castra, Liv.; intuta moeniuin, the unpro-
tected parts of the walls, Tac II. Act, unsaj ,
insecure; latebrae, Tac. ; ainicitia, Tac. <
inula -ae, f. the plant elecampane, Hor.
inultus -a -um (in and ulciseor). I. un-
avenged; injuriae, Cic; lie inultus esset, Cic
II. unpunished ; aliquein inultum sinere, or
inulium esse pati, Cic
inumbro, 1. to shade, overshadow, cover with
shade; vestibulum, Verg.; inumbrantu vespera,
as the shades of evening were coming on, Tac. ;
ora coronis, Lucr.
inunctio -onis, f. (inungo), an anointing
with salve or ointment, Plin.
inundatio -onis, f. (innndo), an inundation,
fioixl; inundatio ex lacu Albano, Liv.
inundo, 1. I. Transit, to overflow, inund-
ate. A. Lit,, banc (terrain) inundat aqua, Cic. ;
vestro sanguine Enna inundabitur, Liv. B.
Transf., to stream over like a torrent ; hinc densi
cursus inundant Troes,* Verg. II. Intransit,
to overflow with ; inundant sanguine fossae, Verg.
inungo -unxi -unctum, 3. to anoint, smear
with ointment ; oculos, Hor.
inurbane, adv. (inurbunus), impolitely, in-
elegantly, without wit or huMour, Cic
inurbanus -a -um, rude, unpolished, rough,
clownish, boorish; 1, in demeanour, Cic; 2,
in speech, unrefined, Cic.
inurgeo -nrsi, 2. to push, thrust against, Lucr.
inuro -ussi -ustuiu, 3. I. to burn in. A.
Lit, notain, Verg. B. Transf., to imprint
indelibly, brand; notam turpitudinis vitae
alicuius, Cic ; alicui dolorem, Cic ; inuri not*
censoriae severitatis, Cic II. a, to burn, bum
up; vulnere sanguis inustus, Ov.; b, to burn or
singe with the curling-irons, to curl; tig., ilia
calamistris, to adorn elaborately, Cic. ■ •
inu sit ate, adv. (innsitatus), unusually,
strangely ; iuusitale loqui, Cic ; inusitatius coii-
traliere, Cic.
inusitatua -a -um, unusual, strange, un-
common,; res inusitata ac nova, Cic; species
navium inusitatior, Cic; with dat, inusitatus
nostris oratoribns lopos, Cic; inusitatum est
Willi inlin., or with lit and the su'j Cic
inu
290
inv
I InustUS -a -urn, partie. of inuro.
inutilis -e. I. useless, unserviceable, un-
profitable; lioino. Clc; with tlat., valetudine
aut aetate inutiles bcllo, Caes. ; with ad and
the ace, ad usus civium non inutile, Cic. ; in-
utile est with in tin. . Cie. II. hurtful, injurious,
harmful; seditiosus et inutilis civis, Cic; oratio
inutilis sibi et civitati suae, Liv.
inutilitas -atis, f. (inutilis), usclcssness, un-
profitableness) Cic.
inu*iliter v adv. (inutilis), 1, uselessly, un-
prqjitablyi Liv. ; 2, hurtfully, injuriously, Cic.
ir.vado -vasi -vasnm, 3. I. to go in, enter,
dome in ; a, in eas urbes, Cic.; with simple ace,
portum, Verg. ; tvia milia stadiorum, to advance,
Tac; b, transf., to undertake boldly; aliquid
magnum, Verg. II. A. to attack, assault, fall
upon, assail, invade; 1. lit., a, of persons, in
hostem, Cic; urbem, Verg.; b, of inanimate
objects, to penetrate, attack; quocumque ignis
invasit, Clc. ; 2, transf., a, with words, to
attack, assault; aliquem minaeiter, Tac. ; b, of
diseases,* pestilentia populum invasit, Liv.; c,
of passions and other evils, to attack, befall ;
pestis in vitam invasit, Cic. ; furor invaserat
improbis, Cic. ; aliquem lubido invadit, Sail.
B. to fall upon in order to get. possession of,
usurp, seize ; in alicuius praedia, Cic.
invaleaco -vadui, 3. (inehoat. of invaleo), to
gainer strength, become strong; tantum opibes
invaluit, Cic.
invaletUdo -inis, f. indisposition, Cic
invaTidus -a -uin, 1, weak, powerless, feeble,
impotent, indisposed, ill; milites, Liv.; with ad
and the ace, ad munera corporis senectil in-
validus, Liv.; 2, transf., weak to resist; cxer-
■ i Ins, Li v. JUlociUHinvalidaadversusirruinpentcs,
Tac.
invectio -onis, f. (inveho), 1, importation,
Cic; 2, an inveighing against, invc live, Cic
inveho -vcxi -vectnm, 3. I. Act., to carry,
bear, bring in ; 1, lit., a, pecuniam in aerarinjii,
Cic; b, to import; vinuin in Galliam, Liv.; 2,
transf., to introduce, briny along with; quae
(mala) tibi casus invexerat, Liv. ; divifiac avari-
tiani iuvexore, Liv. II. Middle, invchi. A. to
ride or travel on horseback, in n vehicle, i nit ship;
curru in capilolimn, Cic; cquo, Liv.; Uuuiinc, to
sail on, Cic B. Hell., se inveherc and middle
invehi, to penetrate, burst into, attack; 1, lit.,
Romana sc invcxit acies, Liv. ; quttui utrinqnc
invehi hostem nunciaretur, Liv. ; 2, transf., in
aliquem or aliquid, to attack with words, assail,
inveigh against ; pctulanter in aliquem, Cic.
Invendibills -c, unsaleable, Plant.
invSnlo -vSni -ventum, 4. I. to come or
light upon, find, meet with. A. Lit., 1, aliquem,
Cie. ; naves, Caes. ; 2, to find written, come upon
in reading ; do aliqua re nulla littera in veteribus
libris invenitur, Cic B. Transf., 1, to find out;
ipsis durior inventus est, Caes.; 2, to procure,
acquire, get, earn ; hoc cognomen, Cic. ; gloriain
ex culpa, Sail. II. to tind out, discover. A.
Lit., a;genti venas, Cie. B. Transf"., 1, to effect,
bring about; per me inventa salus, Cic; 2, to
find out from others, learn ; conjnratiouein, Cic ;
inventum est with ace. and inlin., Cic. ; with
rel. sent., non inveniebat quoniodo, etc, Cic. ;
dolor se invenit, shows itself, Ov.
inventlo -onis, f. (invenio), 1, invention,
Cic. ; 2, the inventive faculty, Cic.
inventor -Oris, m. (invenio), ait inventor,
finder out; novorum verboruin, Cic.
lnventrix -tricis, f. (inventor), the that finds
out ; oleae Minerva inventrix, Verg. ; iliac om-
nium doctrinarum jnventrice<j Athena?, Cic.
inventum -i, n. (invenio), an invention, dis-
covery, Cic.
invenuste, adv. (iuvenustus), ungracefully,
inelegantly, Plin.
invenustUS -a -um, 1, inelegant, ungraceful,
Cic. ; 2, unhappy in love, Ter.
invorccundus -a -um, shameless, impudent;
dcus, Bacchus, Hor.
invergo, 3. to your upon ; fronti vina, Verg.
inversio -onis, f. (inverto), irony, Cic.
inversus -a -um, partie of inverto.
inverto -verti -versum, 3. to turn over, turn
about. I. Lit., A. in locum anulum, Cic; poet.,
inversum contristat Aquarius annum, completed,
Cic. B. Esp., l,lo turn over; a, of the plough,
vonicre tenas graves, Verg. ; b, of the winds,
to upturn, Hor. ; 2, to turn upside down, empty ;
vinaria tota, Hor. II. Transf., A. to invert,
turn upside down, change, transpose, alter, per-
vert; ordiuein, Cic ; inversi mores, Hor. ' B. to
pervert, give a different meaning to ; verba, Cic
invesperascit, 8. unpens, it grows dark,
becomes twilight, Liv.
investlgatio -onis, f. (investigo), an in-
quiring into, investigation ; veri, Cic
investigator -Oris, m. (investigo), an in-
quirer, investigator ; antiquitatis, Cic; conjur-
ationis, Cic.
investigo, 1. to scorch out, track out. I. Of
dogs, camim tain^ncredibilis ad investigaudum
sagacitas narium.'Cic. II. Of men ; a, aliquem,
Cic ; b, conjuiationem, Cic. ; veruui, Cic
inveterasco -avi, 3. (invctero), to become old,
grow old. I. a, to grow old in ; inveteravcrunt
hi oinnes conipluribusAlcxaiidriac bellis, Caes. ;
b, to become obsolete ; si (res) iiivctcravit, actum
i i, Cic II. la in, mm- old, liecome established,
become fixed, to '« rovtol; invcteravit jam opinio,
Cic; wiLh dat., quorum uomeii et hoiios invct-
eravit et huiu nrbi et homiuum faniae et- scr-
nioiiibns, Cic; of persons, lain lal '•', ■Jinl;
excrcituui hicniare atquc invcteraaccrc in Gallia,
Caes.
invetcratio -onis, f. (invctero), a becoming
old, an inveterate disease or mistake, Cic
invetero, 1. la allow '■> become old ; and pass.,
inveterari, to grow <<ui, become old. I. cwi-
gliitinatio invctcrata, of longstanding, Cic. II.
Middle, inveterari, ta become, established-, fir miy
rooted; opinio inveterari potuissol, Cic ; often
in partie., invcteratus, old established; ami-
citia, Cic ; ira, Cic.
invicem, adv. (in and vicis), by turns, alter-
nately. I. hi rursus invicem anno post in arm is
sunt, illi domi remanent, Caes. II. Transf.,
a, mutually, reciprocally; invicem inter se
gratantes, Liv.; b, on bath Glides; nuiltae in-
vicem clades, Tac '
invictUS -a -um (in and vinco), unconqucral,
unsubdued, unconquerable, invincible; a labore,
Cic. ; ad laborem, Liv. ; adve>sum aliquid, Tac. ;
Hannibal armis invictus, Liv. ; absol., im-
perator, Cic. ; defensio, unanswerable, Cic.
invidentia -ac, f. (invideo), envying, envy,
Cic
invideo -vidi -visum, 'J. I. to look upon with
the evil eye. Cat. II. to envy, grudge, be envious
if; a, with dat., paribus aut inferioribns, Cic :
honori, Cic ; in unpen}, pass., superioribus
saepe invidctur, Cic. ; b, alicui aliquid or simply
aliquid; alieui honorem, Hor.; quoad id ipsi
invidere dei, Liv. ; c, alicui in aliqua re ; in qua
tibi invideo, Cic; d, alicui aliqua re; non in-
video laude sua mnlieribus, Liv. ; e, poet., alicui
ftljcujua rpij illi ciecris. Hor.; f, with ijifin,.
inv
297
Ion
nt acC. and ilifin., Liburnls deduci trinmpho,
ttor. ; g, with ut or ne and the siibj., Verg. ; h,
abaol., Cic.
invidia -ac, f. (invidns). I. envy, grudging,
Nep. II, 1, a, hatred, jealousy, ill-will, odium,
unpopularity ; invidiam alicni facere, conflare, to
excite ill-will against, Cic ; habere, to be tin-
popular, Cic. ; in invidiam venire, Cic. ; invidiam
in aliquem commovere, concitare, excitare, Cic;
invidiam lenire, Cic. ; absit invidia verbo, Liv. ;
b. meton. (o) jealous or envious persons, Verg. ;
(ft) something envied; invidiae aut pestilentiae
possessores, Cic. ; 2, reproach ; invidiae erat
amissum Cremerae praesidium, Liv.
invidiose, adv. (invidiosus), enviously, jeal-
ously, bitterly, Cic.
invidiosus -a -um (invidia). I. full of envy ;
1, envious; omnes malevoli, iniqui, invidiosi,
Cic; 2, causing envy, envied ; invidiosae opes,
Tac. ; non invidiosa voluptas, Ov. II. full of
hate; .1, feeling luite, liating, Ov. ; 2, a, causing
hate, producing odium, or ill-feeling ; crimen,
Cic. ; with in and the ace, ut invidiosum sit in
cos, Cic. ; with dat., hoc ipsis judicibus invidi-
osissimum futurum, Cic; b, hateful, detested;
senatus potentia, Cic.
invidus -a -um (invideo), envious; I. Lit.,
Cic. ; subst., an envier; laudis, Cic; obtrecta-
tores et invidi Scipionis, Cic II. Transf., of
things, cura, aetas, Hor. ; nox coeptis invida
nostiis, unfavourable to, Ov.
invlgilo, 1. to watch in or over, be watchful
or wakeful over; give great attention and care to;
venatu, Verg. ; reipublicae, Cic.
inviolabilis -e, inviolable, that cannot be
injured; pignus, Verg.
inviolate, adv. (inviolatus), inviolatehj ; mo.-
moriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis, Cic.
inviolatus -a -um, 1, uninjured, unhurt;
invulnerati inviolatique vixerunt, Cic. ; in-
violate vestra. amicitift, Cic; 2, inviolable;
tribunus plebis, Liv.
invisitatus -a -um, not seen; hence, tin-
usual, strange; magnitude, Cic; forma, Cic;
nova acies, Liv.
inviso, 1. I. to go to see, to visit. A. doinuin
nostram quoad poteris invisas, Cic. B. to visit
a person or place ; aliquem, Cic. ; suos, Liv. ;
Pelum, Verg. II. to perceive, get a sight of, Cat.
1. inviSUS -a -um (in and video), unseen,
secret; sacra occulta etinaribus non solum in-
visa sed etiam inaudita, Cic.
2. inviSUS -a -um (invideo). I. Pass., luxted;
a, of persons, Cic. ; with dat., invisusdeo, Cic. ;
b, of things, cupressi, negotia, Hor. ; judicium
invisum etiam judicibus, Liv. II. Act., hating,
hostile; invisum quern tu tibi fingis, Verg.
invitamenturn -i, n. (invito), an invitation,
attraction, allurement ; with subject, genit., nat-
urae, Cic ; with object, genit., temeritatis in-
vitamenta, Liv. ; with ad and the ace, multa
ad luxuriam invitamenta perniciosa, Cic
invitatio -onis, f. (invito), invitation; with
subject, genit., hospitum, Cic. ; in Epirum, Cic. ;
ut biberetur, Cic. ; ad dolendum, Cic.
invitatus -ii, m. (invito), an invitation;
invitatu tuo, Cic.
invite, adv. (invitus), unwillingly, involun-
tarily, against one's will ; invito cepi Capuam,
Cic. ; vel pudentius vel invitius ad hoc genus
nermonis acccdere, Cic.
invito, 1. to invite, request civilly. I. Lit., A.
aliquem in legationem, to invite one to undertake
an. embassy, Cic B. Esp., to invite as a guest;
a, aliquem ad ceuam, Cic. ; aliquem domum
10*
suam, Cic. ; aliquem tecto ac dninf); Cic; b,
invitare se, to take one's Jill ; se Cibo vinoque,
Sail. II, to in rite, allure, entice; aliquem
praeniiis ad rem, Cic ; somuos, In incite, allure
tu sleep, Hor.
invitus -a -um. I. unwilling, against one'3
will; invitus facio ut, etc., Cic; eum invitie-
simum dimisi, Cic; me, te, se invito, against my,
thy will, etc ; invitissimis Stoicis, spite of the
opposition of the Stoics, Cic ; of things, invitalege
agere, Cic. II, Poet., given Unwillingly ; invita
ope, Ov.
invius -a -um (in and via), impassable ; saitus,
Liv. ; maria invia Teucris, Verg. ; invia vivtuti
nulla est via, Ov. Subst, invia -orum, n.,
impassable places, Liv. ; poet., lorica invia sa-
gittis, impenetrable, Mart.
invocatio -onis, f. (invoco), a calling upon,
invocation ; deorum, Quint. .
1. invooatus -a -um (in and voco), uncalled,
Cic
2. invocatus -a -um, partic of invoco.
invoco, 1. to call in, call upon, call for help,
invoke; Junonem, Cic; aliquem ad vocatum ad
communemimperatorumfortunamdefendendam,
Cic.
involatUS -iis, in. (involo), a flying, flight,
Cic (only found in abl. sing.).
involito, 1. to fly in ; transf., of the hair, to
float or wave over ; comae in volitanthumeris, Hor.
involo, 1., 1, to fly at, attack furiously;
castra, Tac. ; 2, to seize or pounce upon, take
possession of; in possessionem quasi caducam ac.
vacuam, Cic. ; provinciam, Cic.
involucre -is, n. (involvo), a napkin, Plant.
involucrum -i, n. (involvo), a wrapper,
cover, case ; 1, lit., candelabri, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
involucris simulationum tegi, Cic.
involutus -a -um, p. adj. (from involvo), ob-
'veil; res involutes definiendo
explicare, Cic
scure, confused, involve
involvo -volvi -vSlutum, 3. I. to roll in;
igni suo involvunt, Tac. II. to roll along ;s\\ vas
armenta virosqne, Verg. III. to mil over; cupae
involutae labuntnr, Caes. ; with dat., to roll
upon ; Olympum Ossae, Verg. IV. a, to roll
up, wrap up, cover; sinistras sagis, Caes_; nos
involvit umbra diem, Verg. ; b, transf., se- lit-
teris, to bury oneself in, devote oneself to; se'sui
virtute, Hor. ; bellum pacis nomine involutum,
concealed under, Cic.
involvulus -i, ni. (involvo), a caterpillar
which wraps itself up in leaves Plant.
invulgo, 1. to depose, give evidence, Cic.(?)
invulneratus -a -um(in and vulnero), un*
wounded, Cic.
1. io, interj., an exclamation of joy and tri-
umph, hurrah ! Verg., Hor. ; or of pain, oh! Ov.
2. Io (Ion) -iis and -onis, f. Oho), daughter
of the Argive king, Inachus, beloved by Jupiter,
changed by Juno into a cow; identilied with the
Egyptian goddess, Isis.
Iolaus -i, m. CIoAaos), son of Iphiclus, the
constant companion of Hercules.
Iolous (-OS) -i, f. ('JwAkos), town in Thessaly,
tlie home, of Jason. Hence, adj., Iolciacus
-a -um, of or belonging to Jolcvs.
Iole -§S, f. ('IoAtj), daughter of Eurytus, given
hy Hercules to his son llyllus.
1. ion, -li, n. (tof), 1, the blue violet, Plin. ; 2,
a precious stone of similar colour, Plin.
2. Ion -onis, f., v. To.
lories -um, m. ("Wes), the Tonians, a people
of Greece, one of the four Greek races ; hence, 1,
lot
29$
irr
lonicus
adj.; Ioniacus -a -um, Ionian : 2
-a-um, Ionian; 3, Ionius -a -inn, Ionian,
Ionic; mare Ionium, the sea between Italy and
Creece, Liv. ; so aequor Ionium, Ov. ; sinus
Innius, Hor., or simply Ionium -ii, h., Vcrg.
Snbat., Ionia -ae, f. a district in Asia Minor
between Carta and Aeolis.
Iota n. indeed, (iura), the name of the Greek
rowel, I, t, Cic.
Jphianassa -ae, f. = Iphigenia, Lucr.
Iphlas -Mis, f. £I<t>iis)j daughter oflphis, i.e.,
Euadne.
Iphigenia -ac, f. Clfyiyiveid), daughter of
Agamemnon, sacrificed by her father to op)>ease
the wrath, of Diana ; or, according to another
legend, saved by Diana, and carried away, and
made her priestess in Tauris.
ipse -a -urn, genit. ipsius (poet., ipsius), dat.
ipsi (is and -pse), self. I. Gen., ille ipse, etc.,
Cic; ego ipse, / myself, Cic; ipse interviso, Cic;
in mc ipso probavi, in myself, Cic; et ipse, also,
too; victor ex Aequis in Volscos transiit et
ipsos bellum molientes, who on their side were
preparing war, Liv. II. Esp. , A. very, identical,
exactly ; a, eaque ipsa causa belli fuit, and that
very thing was the cause of the war, Liv. ; natali
buo ipso die, just on her birthday, Cic. ; b, with
numerals =jvst, exactly; ipso vicesimo anno,
Cic; efi ipsa hora, Cic B. ipse, ipsa, used em-
phatically of a master, mistress, teacher, etc. ;
ipse dixit, the master (i.e. Pythagoras) has said it,
Cic. C. = spontaneously, of one's own; accord ;
valvae se ipsae aperueruntj Cic D. alone, with
oneself; genitor secnm ipse vol ntat, Verg. ; ipse
per se, ami simply ipse, of himself', by himself,
alone; moventur ipsa per se, Cic. E. Used for
the reflexive pronoun, quern si parum pudor
ipsius defendebat, Cic ; ipse, with suffix met,
ipsimet (uom. plur.), Cic. (Superlative, ipsis-
simus, one's very self, Plaut.).
Ira -ae, f. I. wrath, anger, ire, Cic. ; iram
evomere in aliquem, Tac ; irae indulgere, Liv. ;
irae caelestes, divine wrath, Liv. ; with genit.
of the cause of anger, dictatoris ereati, Liv.;
ira adversus Romanos, Liv. ; veteres in p'opulum
Romanum irae, Liv. ; transf., of inanimate ob-
jects, violence, rage; belli, Sail. II. Jleton.,
the cause of anger, Ov.
iracunde, adv. with compar. (iracundns),
wrathfvlly, angrily, passionately, Cic
iracundia -ae, f. (iracundns). I. an angry
disposition, passionateness, irascibility, Cic. II.
anger, fury, ivrath; iracundiamcohibere.Cic ; ex-
citare, Cic ; plur., iracundiae implacabilcs, Cic.
iraoundus -a -uin (irascor), inclined to anger,
irascible, passionate, angry, wrathful, Cic; in
aliquem, Cic
irascor, 3. dep. (ira), to be angry, wrathful ;
alicui, Cic. ; of a bull, in cornua, to charge wrath-
fully with the horns, Vcrg.
irate, adv. (iratus), angrily, Phaedr.
iratus -a -urn (irascor), angry, full of wrath ;
alicui, with anyone; iratior, iratissimus alicui,
Cic ; qnam iratus de judicio, Cic ; oi inanimate
objects, raging ; mare, venter, Hor.
Iris -rldis, f. (*Ipis), the messenger of the gods,
the goddess of the rainbow (ace. Irim, Verg.; voc.
Iri.Verg., Ov.).
irnea = hirnea (q.v.j.
ironla -ae, f. (tlpiovtia), irony, Cic
Irpinl = Hirpini (q.v.).
lrrasus -a -um (in and rado), unsliaved,
Plaut
irraucesco, or irrauclo -rausi, 3. (in and
Hfucus), to become hoarse, Cic
irreligatus -a-um (in andreligo), unbound;
croceas irreligata comas, Ov.
ir religiose, adv. with compar. (irreligiosus),
irreligiously, impiously, Tac
Irreligiosus -a -um (in and religiosus),
irreligious, impious; irreligiosum rafns, with
intln., Liv.
irremeabilis -e (in and remeabilis), from
which there is no return ; unda, Verg.
irrcparabilis -e (in and reparabilis), that
cannot be restored, irreparable, irrecoverable;
tempus, Verg.
irrcpertus -a -um (in and reperio), not dis-
covered, not found ovj; aurum, Hor.
irrepo -repsi -reptum, 3. to creep, crawl in?
interim (Gabinius) ipso decirao dieirrepsit, came
creeping in, Cic ; transf., to creep in, insinuate
oneself into; in mentes hominum, Cic. ; in testa-
nienta locupletium, Cic.
irreprehensus -a -um (in and reprehendo),
unblamed; blameless, Ov.
irrequietus -a -um (in and requietus),
restless, troubled ; Chary bdis, Ov.
irresectus -a -tun (in and reseco), uncut;
pollex, Hor.
irresolutus -a -um (in and resolvo), not
loosed, not slackened; vincula, Ov.
irretlO, 4. (in and *rctio, from rete), tocateh,
entangle in a net ; a, lit., aliquem, Cic ; b, lig.,
aliquem corruptelarnni illeccbris, to ensnare,
Cic
irretortus -a -um (in and retorqneo), not
t netted or twisted bad;; oculo irretorto, Hor.
irreverentia -ne, f. (irreverens from in and
reverens), want of. respect, irreverence; juventutis,
Tac. ; adversus fas nefasque, Tac
irrevocabllis -e (in-revocahflis), tlmt cannot
be called back, irrevocable. I. Lit., aetas, Lucr. ;
verbum, Hor. II. Transf., A. unalterable;
casus, Liv. B. implacable, Tac.
irrevocatus -a -um (in and reyoeo), 1, nil
railed back, i.e., not asked to repeat' anything,
Hor. ; 2, not to be called or held back, Ov. (?)
irrideo -risi -rlsum, 2. (in and rideo). I.
Intransit, to laugh at, jeer at, Cic II. Transit.,
to mock, ridicule, deride; deos, Cic
irrldlcule, adv. (in and ridicule), without
wit or humour ; non irridicule dixit, Caes.
irridlculum -i, n. (irrideo), a laughing-
stock ; irridiculo liaberi (esse), to be made game uf,
Plaut.
irrigatio -5nis, f. (irrigo). a watering, ir-
rigation ; agri, Cic.
irrigo (in-rigo), 1.. I. to conduct water or
any other liquid to any place; imbres, -Verg.;
transf., to diffuse, per membra quietem, Verg.
II. to water, irrigate; Aegyptum Nilus irrigat,
Cic; liortulos fontibus, Cic; transf., fessOs
sopor irrigat artus, overspreads, refreshes, Verg.
Irriguus -a -nm (irrigo). I. Act., water-
ing, irrigating; fons, Verg.; transf.. somiius,
strengthening, refreshing, Pers. II. Fa^s.,
watered; hortus, Hor.; corpus irriguum iiiero,
soaked, Hor.
irrlsio -5nis, f. (irrideo), a laughing at,
mocking, derision; with subject, genit., omnium,
Cic.
irrisor -oris, m. (irrideo), a laugher, mocker,
deridcr; with object, genit., huius orationis, Cic
irrisus -Us, m. (irrideo), laughter, mockery,
derision; irrisui esse, to l>e a laughing-stock,
Caes. ; ab irrisu (in derision) linguam exserere,
Liv.
irritabllis -e (irrito), irritable, easily routed;
irr
290
ist
Irrltabiles sunt aniini optimorum, Cic. ; genus
vatum, Hor.
irritamen -inis, n. (irrito), an incitement,
induce me at ; amoria, Ov.
initdmentum -i, n. (irrito), incitement,
inducement, provocation, incentive ; with object.
genit., certaminum, Liv.; libldinuni.Tac.; witlL
dat., luxut, Tac.
irritatio -onls, f. (irrito), a stirring up,
provoking, irritating, irritation; with subject,
genit., niillis conviviorum irritationibus, Tac;
irritatio quidem animorum ea prima fait, Liv.
irritatus -a -um, partlc. of irrito.
irrito, 1. (in and *rito). I. to stir up, stim-
ulate, incite, excite; aliquem ad certaraen,.Liv. ;
iram et odium, Liv. II. to excite to anger, ir-
ritate; aliquem, Cic; animos barbarorum, Liv.
irritUS -a -um (in and ratus). I. void^ in-
valid; testamentum facere irritum, Cic. II,
vain; a, of things, vain, ineffectual, without
effect; inceptum, Liv. ; dona, tela, Verg.; remed-
ram, Tac. ; subst., irritum -i, n. that which is
vain; spes ad irritum cadit.fs disappointed, Liv.;
b, transf., of persons, without doing anything ;
irriti legati remittuntur, Tac. ; with genit. of
the object., legationis, Tac.
irrogatio -ouis, f. (irrogo), the imposing of
a fine or penalty ; multae, Tac.
irrogo (in-vflgo), 1. I. to propose to the people
a measure, against anyone; alicui legem, privile-
ginm, Cic. ; alicui multam, poenam, Cic. II. to
inflict, impose; poenas pecoatis, Hor. (irrogassit
= irrogaverit, Cic.).
irroro (in-roro), 1. to moisten with dew. I,
to wet, moisten; crinein aquis, Ov. ; lacrimae
irrorant foliis, trickle down upon, Ov. II, to
sprinkle upon ; liquores vestibus et capiti, Ov.
irrumpo -rttpi -ruptum, 8. (in and rumpo),
to break in, burst into, rush in. I. Lit., 1, in
castra, Cic; with dat., thalamo, Verg.; with
ace, portam, Sail. ; 2, to rush into, seize upon ;
in nostrum patrimonium, Cic. II. Transf.,
luxuries quam in domum irrupit, Cic. ; imagines
in animos per corpus irrumpunt, Cic. ; to break
in upon, seek to prevent; in nostrum fletum ir-
rumpes, Cic. (?) ■ ■
irriio (in-rfio) -rtti, 3. to rush into, rush upon.
A. Lit., 1, in aeiem, Liv. ; in aliquem, lie. ; 2,
to rush and seize upon, take possession of; in
alienas possessions, Cic B. Transf., ne quo
irruas, make some blunder, Cic ; In odium offen-
sionemque popnli Romani, rush blindly into, Cic.
irruptio -onis, f. (irrumpo), a breaking,
bursting into, irruption; etiamsi irruptio nulla
facta est, Cic.
irruptus -a -um (in and rumpo), unbroken,,
uiisevered; copula, Hor.
IrilS -i, in. ('Ipos), the name of a beggar in
Ithaca ; appell. = a poor man (opp. to Croesus),
Ov.
18, ea, Id. L he, she, it; this or that person or
thing (tho demonstrative pronoun cliietly used
to refer to something already mentioned). A.
a, subst., milii venit obviam puer tuus ; is milii
litems reddidit, Cic. ; b, adj., in emit locum,
C'aes. ; ob earn cansam, Nep. B. a, referring to
a following subst., ea libera coujectura est,
Liv. ; b. used pleonastically for the sake of em-
phasis (a) with the relat., quod ne id facere
posses, Cic. ; esp. in apposition to a clause, si
nos, ill quod debet, nostra patria delectat, Cic. ;
(fi) with a noun, urbem novam, conditam vi et
armis, jure earn condere parat, Liv. ; c, id
subst. ; id temporis, id aetatis, at that age, Cic. ;
id gaudeo, / rejoice because of that, Cic. ; in eo
est, or res in eo est, it is on the point of, etc.,
Liv. ; d, id est, that is, in explanation, hodie, id
est, Col. Oct., Cic ; e, et is, lsque, atque is, and.
that too, and indeed; Antonius cum una legiono,
eaquo vacillante, rind that vacillating, Cic. II.
tlutt, as the correlative of qui, quae, quod', is
qui physieus appellatnr, Cic III, such, of such
a kind; a, snbst., neque is es, qui, quid sis,
nescias, Cic. ; b, cuius ea stultltia nt, etc., Cic.
isara -ac, f. a river in Gaul, now the Iskre.
isauii -Gram, m. (Teravpoi), the Isaurians.
Hence, A. Jsauria -ae, f. (lo-avpta), a moun-
tainous country of Asia Minor, north of Cilicia.
B. Isaurlcus -a -um, surntime of P. Servilius
Vatia, the conqueror of the Tsauri. C. Isaurus
-a -tun, Isaurian.
Isis -Idis, f. ('I(r«)i^e Egyptian goddess Isis.
Adj., Isiacus -a -um, of or belonging to Isis. .
Ismarus -i, m. ("Icrp. a pos), and Ismara
-<3rum, n. a mountain ih Thrace, Adj.,' Is-
mariUH -a -um, poet. = Thracian ; tyrannus,
Tereus, Ov.
Ismenus (-os) -i, m. CI<Wo'«), a river in
Boeotia. Hence, A, Ismenis -Idis, f. poet. =
a Theban woman. B. Ismenlus -a -um,
poet. = Tliehan.
Isdcrates -is, m. ('IcroKpaTrjs), a celebrated
Athenian orator. Adj., Isocrateus and Iso-
cratius -a -um, Isocratean.
Issa -ae, f. ("lo-o-a), an island in the Adriatic -
Sea, off the coast of Dalmatia, now Lissa. Adj.,
A. Issensis -e. B. Issaeus -a -um. C.
Issaicus -a -um, of or belonging to Issa.
istac, adv. by that way, Ter.
istactenus, adv. thus far, Plant. \
iste, ista, istild, pron. demonstr. (is and -te.).
this or that person or thing (applies to the persoq
spoken to). I. Gen., quid quod adventu tno
ista subsellia (those seats where yon sit), vftcue-
facta sunt, Cic. II. a, -in letters, relating to
places or conditions in which the person ad-
dressed is, perfer istam militiara, your military
service, Cic. ; b, emphatic, referring 16 some-
thing said by the person addressed, At t. "Platon-
em videlicet dieis." M. "is<umipsuui,"Cic.;'ista
quae dicitis, Cic. ; c, in speeches, referring to
the accused, Cic. ; d, ironical or contemptuous,
ex quibus generibus hominum istae copiae com-
parentur, Cic ;
Ister = Hister.
Isthmus -i, m. (ttr(?/x<Js), an isthmus ; a, the
isthmus on which Cyzicus was situated, "Prop. ';
b, especially the Isthmus of Corinth, Caes. Adj.,
Isthmlus -a -um, Isthmian; labor, in, the
Isthmian games, Hor. ; plur. subst-, Isthmia
•Crum, n. tlie Isthmian Games, Liv.
istl, adv. (iste), there, Verg.
1. Istic (isthic), istaec, istQc or istiic (iste-
and hie), this same, this very person or thing ; istic
labor, Plant. ; subst., istuc considerabo, Cic. ;
in interrogative sentences, istice, etc., Plaut.
2. istic (isthic), (iste and adv. hie), 1, there,
denotes the place of the person spoken to, here,
there ; qnoniam istic scdes, Cicl ; scribite quid
istic (= in Rome) agatur, Cic ; 2, in this
matter, in this affair, Cic. ; istic sum, / cm all
ears, Cic.
istim, adv. (iste), from there, Cic.
istinc (isthinc), adv. (iste and hinc), thence,
from thence. A. Lit., alludes to the place where
the person spoken to may bo ; qui istinc veniiint,
Cic B. Transf., of that thing, thence, Hor.
istiusm odi, of that kind or sort, such ; ratio
istiusmodi, Cic
1st
SOO
jae
isto, adv. (iste). I. thither, to that place, to
the place where you are ; venire, Cic. II. Transf.,
\ thereunto, into that thing; admiscere aliquem,
Cie.
lStdo, adv. (1. istic). I. thither, Plant. II.
from that place, Ter.
istorsum, adv. (istoversum), thitherwards,
in that direction, Ter.
Istri, v. Histri.
1. -rituc, n. of 1. istic (q.v.).
2. istuc (isthuc), adv. (iste and hue),
thither; venire, Cic.
ita, adv. (i-s and -ta), so, thus, in such wise. I.
Gen., a, te ita velle eerte scio, Cic; b, intro-
ducing u following thought, with ace. and infln.,
Cic. ; c, est ita, or factum eat ita, in answers, so it
it, Cic. ; ita prorsus, ita plane, certainly, Cic. ; d,
interrogative, itane? really '• Cic. ; quid ita ? why
sof Cic. II. Esp., A. With comparisons; a,
gen. with ut, more rarely with quemadmodum,
quomodo, quasi, etc. so ... . as, in such a
manner ... as; me consulem ita fecistis quo-
modo pauci facti sunt, Cic. ; b, in assertions
and adjurations, ita vivam ut maximos snniptus
facio, Cic; saepe, ita me dii jnvent, tedesideravi,
Cic. B. of such a kind, such, in such a con-
dition ; ita sunt res nostrae, Cic. C. and so,
consequently, and then ; aliquot dies aegrotasse
et ita esse wortuuni, Cie. D. To express con-
dition or limitation, ita . . . m, to the extent
that, only that; itatamen uttibi nolim molestus
esse, Cic. E. with the object that, duobus con-
sulibus ita missis, ut alter Mithridatem perse-
quereiur, Cic F. To express degree, so, to such
an extent ; ita mendose scribuntur, Cic.
-Itali -orum and -Am, ni. the inhabitants of
Italy, the Italians. Hence, A. Italia -ae, f.
Italy. B. ItallCUS -a -um, Italian; subst.,
Italfca -ae, f. a town in Hispania Baetica. C.
jt&lus -a -um, Italian. D. Italia -Wis, f.,
Italian. Plur., Italides = Italian women, Verg.
Itaque, adv., 1, and thus, and so, Cic. ; 2,
therefore, for that reason, on that account, Cic ;
3 f after a digression, to resume the thread of
discourse, so, Cic.
Item, adv. (i-s and -tern). I. also, likewise,
in like manner ; Romulus augur cum fratre item
angure, Cic. II. A. In comparisons, in like
manner, as; fecisti item ut praedones, Cic B.
et item, itemque, and also, and even ; solis de-
fectiones itemque lunae, Cic
iter, ItlnSris, n. (connected with ire, itum).
I. a going, walk, way. A. 1, in diversum iter
eqni concitati, Liv. ; 2, a, a going, a jovrney, a
march ; iter facere in Apnliain, Cic. ; iter ingredi,
Cic. ; in itinere, on the march, Caes.; b, a march,
considered as a measure of distance; cum
abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, one day's
journey, Cic. ; quam maximis itineriims potest,
with the longest possible stages, Caes. ; 3, a, o
legal right of way, Cic ; b, permission to march ;
negat se posse iter ulli per provinciam dare,
Caes. B. Fig., defessus labore atque itinere
dlsputationis, Cic. II. Concrete. A. Lit., a
way, road; iter angustum et difficile, Caes. B.
tig., 1, way, course ; iter amoris nostri et officii
mei, Cic; 2, method; nnturam .suo quodam
itinere ad ultimum pervenire, Cic
Iteratlo -Onis, f. (itero), a repetition, itera-
tion; verborum, Cic
Itero, 1. to do a second time, repeat. I.
pugnam, to renew, Liv. ; aequor, to take ship
again, Hor. II. A. to plough again ; agrum
non sernel arare sed iterare, Cic B. to repeat
(words); verba, Cic.
Iterum, adv. I. a, again, a second time\
C. Flaminius consul iterum, Cic; b, of repeated
actions, seniel atque iterum, Cic. ; iterum atque
iterum, again and again, Hor. ; c, in order of
events, secondly, seniel . . . iterum, Cic II.
on the other hand. ; pares iterum acensandi
rausas esse, Tac
Ithaca -ae, and Ithace -es, f. ('I0a«rjj), an
island in the Ionian- Sea, the home of Ulysses.
Hence, adj., A. ithacensis -e, Tthacan. B.
Ithacus -a -um, Ithacan. Sub=t., Ithacus
-i, m. Ulysses, Verg.
itidem, adv. (item-dem), in like manner,
likewise, Cic
Itio -onis, f. (eo), a going, travelling ; donium
itio, Cic.
ItiUS portus, a port of the Morini from which
Caesar crossed over to Britain, perhaps Wit-Sand,
Sandgatte, or Boulogne.
Ito, 1. (intens. of eo), to go ; ad coenas, Cie.
It one -es, f. (Irtivy) and Itonus -i, m.
("1 ,10105), a town in Boeotia, with a temple of
Athene. Hence, adj., Itonms -a -um, Itonian,
Ituraei -Oruin, ni. ('I-rovfjaioi), a people in the
north-east of Palestine. Hence, adj., Ituracus
-a -um, Ituracan.
Itus -ils, m. (eo), a going, departure ; noster
itus, reditus, Cic
Itylus -i, m. ("ItoAo?), son of the Thehan king
Zetheus and Aedon, killed by his own mother.
Itys -tyos, dat. -ty, ace -tyn and -tym, aid.
-ty, in. ("Itus), son of Tereus and Procne, killed
by his mother and served up for- food to his father.
iuleus = Julius. I. named after hdus, son
of Aeneas, avi, Ov. II. belonging to Julius
Caesar; Calendae, 1st of July, Ov.
lulus -i, m. sou of Aeneas, also called As-
canius.
Ixion -Siiis, 111. ('I£«oi'), king of the I.apithae
in Thessaly, father of 1'irithou-s; for an intv.lt to
Juno he vms hurled doum to Tartarus, and bound
toa perpetually revolving wheel. Hence, A Adj.,
Ixicnlus -a -inn, of Ixion. B. Ixidmdes
-ae, m. (IfioviSns), a son of Ixion, Pirithous, Ov.
J.
Jj, a consonant, originally written with the
, same sign as the vowel I, i, yet recognised
by the ancients as a different letter.
jaceo -ci5i -clturus, 2. (akin to jacio), to lie
(opp. stare, pendere). I. Lit., A. Gen., bnmi,
Cic. ; in limine, Cic. ; lecto, Ov.; super corpus
alicuius, Ov.; ad alicuius pedes, Cic. B. Esp..
1, to lie resting ; a, of persons, to sleep ; in
lecto, Cic; b, to recline at table, Ov.; c, to lie
sick, be ill ; te jacente, while you are ill in bed,
Cic; 2, to lie' thrown to the ground; a, Arge,
jaccs, Ov. ; b, to lie dead, be slain; pro patria,
Ov. ; 3, to lie or remain for a long time; Brim-
dltsii, Cic ; 4, a, to lie geographically, be. situate;
jacet inter eos campus, Liv. ; b, to lie low, he
flat; domns depressa, caeca, jacens, Cie. ; c, to
lie in ruins; jacet Ilion ingens, Ov. ; d, of
clothes, to hang loosely, be loose ; praeveirunt
latas veste jacente vias, Ov. ; e, to be cast down ;
vultus attolle jacentes, Ov. II. Fig., A prima
tempora in minis reipublieae nostrisque jacue-
runt, were united with, Cic B. 1, to he sunk
.jac
301
Jan
in ; in luaerore, Cic. ; 2, a, to be overcome,
powerless; (a)jacero Caesareni offeusiono popu-
lari, Cic; (fi) to be hopeless, dispirited; jaect,
diflidit, abjeeit hastas, Cic. ; (y) to be neglected or
d ; philosophia jacuit usque ud hanc
aetatem, Cic. ; b, to be overthrown, put out of
court ; jacent hi suis testibus, Cic. ; jacet igitur
tota conclusio, Cic; c, to cease ; judicia jacebanl,
Cic ; d, to be low in price ; jacent pretia prae-
diorum, Cic; 3, of words, to be in, common use;
(verba) jacentia, Cic.
Jacetani -oium, m. a people in the north of
Hispania ulterior.
jacio, jeci, jactum, 3. to throw, cost, hurl.
1, A. Lit., 1, gen., iu aliquem scyphum, Cic. ;
niateriam de muro in aggerem, Caes. ; se in pro-
fundum, Cic; 2, esp., a, to throw dice ; talum,
Cic. ; b, to throw out an anchor ; ancoram,
Caes. ; c, to fling away ; vestem procul, Ov. ; d,
to scatter, diffuse ; flores, Verg. B. Fig., 1, to
throw, cast; eontumeliam in aliquem, Cic. ; 2,
to let fall in speaking, to litter ; assiduas ore
querelas, Cic. ; suspieionera, Cic. ; de habitu
cultuque et institutes eius, Tac IL to lay,
build, erect ; aggerem, Caes. ; fuudamenta urbi,
Liv. ; lig., l'undamenta pacis, Cic
jactans -antis, p. adj. (from jacto), boastful,
vainglorious, Cic.
jactaiiter, adv. with eompar. (jactaus),
boastfully, vaingloriously, Tac.
jactaiitia -ae, f. (jacto), boasting, bragging,
vainglory ; sui, about oneself, Tac.
jactatlo -onis, f. (jacto). I. Act., a throw-
ing, shaking, violently moving up and down; a,
corporis, Cic; b, extolling, belauding; cultus,
Tac. II, Pass., 1, being tossed about, tossing ;
a, uavis, Cic. ; b, transf., violent emotions, Cic. ;
2, applause ; jactationem habere in populo, Cic;
3, vainglory ; alicuius, Cic.
jactator -oris, ru. (jacto), a boaster, ostenta-
tious person, Cic.
jactatus -us, m. (jacto), a shaking, moving
quickly up and down; pennarum, Ov.
jactito, 1. (inteus. of jacto), to produce in
public, to utter ; ridicula, Liv.
jacto, 1. (intens. of jacio), to throw, cast. I,
A. Lit., 1, gen., faces in vicinorum tecta, Cic. ;
vestem de niuro, Caes. ; 2, a, to cast dice ; nu-
meros eburnos, Ov. ; b, to throw away ; arma
multa passim, Liv. ; c, to diffuse, spread, scatter;
odorein late, Verg. B. Transf., to throw, utter,
hurl; minus, Cic; jocosa dicta in adversarios,
Liv. II. to move up and down, throw about, drive
about, toss. A. Lit., 1, brachia, Ov. ; cerviculam,
Cic; cum ad\ ersa tempestate in alto jactarentur,
Cic. ; aestu febrique jactari, Cic. ; 2, esr., to
throw about. gesticulating ; se, Cic B. Transf.,
1, gen., to drive hither and thither; curas pectore,
Verg. ; middle, jactabntur minimus, fluctuated,
Cic; refl., se jactare or middle jactari; se in
causis centum viral ibus, to busy oneself with, Cic;
2, esp., a, to torment, disquiet; jactatur donii
suae, Cic; b, to talk about repeatedly, discuss,
speak of; rem in contione, Cic. ; c, to boast of,
vaunt: gratiam urbanam, Caes.; genus et no-
mcii, Hor. ; d, reflex., jactare se; (a) to boast,
brag, Cic; OS) to behave oneself in a certain way;
so niagnificentissime, Cic.
jactura -ae, f. (jacio). I, a throwing, throw-
ing away; in mari jacturam facere, to throw
overboard, Cic. II. Transf., A. loss, sacrifice;
jacturae rei faniiliaris erunt faciendae, Cic. ; jac-
turam criminum facere, to forego, pass over, Cic.
B. cost, expense, Cic.
jactUS -As, m. (jacioV a throwing, cast, throw.
I.' fulminuin, Cic. ; iutra_teli j actum , withi n
shot, Verg. II. the throw qf the due; Lcsseraruoi
prosper jactus, Liv.
jaculabilis -e (jaculor), that can be thrown
or cast; leluiu, Ov.
jiculatio -onis, f. (jaculor), a throwing,
hurling, Plhi.
jaculator -Oris, m. (jaculor), 1, a thrower,
hurlcr, Hor. ; 2, a javelin-man, a light-armed
soldier, Liv.
jaciilatrix -icis, f. (jaculator), she that
hurls, the huntress (Diana), Ov.
jaculor, 1. (jaculum). I. Intransit., 1, lit.,
to throw a javelin; totum diem jaculari, Cic;
2, transf., to make an attack with words; probris
procacibus iu aliquem, Cic. II. Transit., A.
to cast, hurl; 1, lit., ignes, Verg. ; silicem in
hostes, Ov. ; 2, transf., verbum, Lucr. B. to
shoot at; 1, lit., cervos, Hor. ; 2, transf.. to aim
at, strive after ; multa, Hor.
jaculum -i, n. (jacio, the thing thrown), 1,
a dart, javelin ; fervefactajacula incastrajaeeie,
Caes. ; 2, a casting-net, Ov.
jam, adv. (is), now, already. I. Temporal,
A. a, of the immediate present, just now; non
quia jam shit, sed quia saepe sint, Cic. ; jam
jamque, directly, Cic; jam nunc, /(<:>•< now, Cic. ;
jam turn, just then, Cic. ; b, of time just
passed, just lately ; ilia his quae jam posui con-
sequentia, Cic; c, of future time, immediately,
directly, presently: quam pulchra sint ipse jam
dicet, Cic; thus (a) soon; jam te premet nox,
Hor. ; (fi) of commands, now, at once ; sed jam
age, carpe viam, Verg. B. a, till now, up to the
present time; septingentos jam aunos amplius
unis moribus vivunt, Cic. ; jam diu, jam dudum,
jam pridein, now for a long time, Cic. ; b, from
now; jam coucedo non esse miseros qui mortui
sunt, Cic. ; jam nor;, not from this time, Cic. C.
To express something that happens unexpectedly
early or late; a, already; omues jam istius
generis legationes erant coustitutae, Cic. ; b, at
last; te aliquando jam rem transigere, Cic. II.
Of other relations. A. then certainly, now cer-
tainly; da mihi hoc, jam tibi maximam partem
defensionis praecideris, Cic. ; thus used to ex-
press the' consequence of something, now in-
deed, so indeed; id tu jam intelliges quum in
Galliam veneris, Cic. B. To introduce some-
' thing new, further, moreover ; et aures . . . itein-
que uares . . . jam gustatus, Cic. C. To
emphasise or limit statements, just, indeed; a,
with pronoun, jam iliud non sunt admonendi,
Cic. ; b, with adj., non scire quideni barbarum
jam videtur, Cic ; c, of numerals, just; sunt
duo menses jam, Cic. ; d, with particles, non
jam, not indeed, Cic. : nunc jam, creu now, Cic. ;
turn jam, just then, Cic.
jamdudum, jampridem, v. jam.
Janalis, v. Janus.
Janiculum -i, n. (Janus), one of the hills of
Home, on the left side of the Tiber.
Janigcna -ae, c. (Janus and giguo), child of
Janus, Ov.
j anitor -oris, m. (janua), a door-keeper, porter.
I. Gen., janitor carceris, Cic. II. Esp., A. Of
Janus, coelostis aulae, Ov. B. Of Cerberus,
janitor iinmauis aulae, Hor.
janltrix -icis, f. (janitor), a portress, Plaut.
janua -ae, f. (see Janus), 1, the outer door
of a house; januam claudere, Cic. ; quaerere ali-
quem a janua, to ask at the door for some one,
Cic. ; 2, transf., entrance, passage; Ditis, Verg. ;
maris gemini, of the Bosphorus, Ov. ; earn urbem
eibi Asiae januam fore, Cic. ; fig., qua nolui
janua sum ingressus in causam, Cic.
Januarlus -a -urn (Janus), belonging to
Jan
302
jud
Janus; Januarius mensis, the month January,
Cic, or simply Januarius, Cues. ; calendae Janu-
arite, the 1st of January, Cic.
jjinus -i, in. (root i, to go, whence also jauua).
I. Kit old Italian deity, the god of the year, re-
presented with two faces looking in opposite
directions. II. 1, a covered passage, csp. a, o)ie.
at the foot of the. Argilctum, adorned with statues
of Jan us ; b, one of the portals of the porta Car-
mentalis, Liv. ; c, one of the arcades in the forum
at Rome, of which there were three, Janus sum-
luus, inius, and medius, where the merchants,
bankers, and booksellers had their shops ; 2,
poet., the month of January, Ov. "Ilence, adj.,
Janalis -e, belonging to Janus.
jecur, genit. jecoris and jeclnoris, n., and
jdciir, genit. jocmeris, n., the liver, Cic; as
the seat ' of the passions (according to the belief
of the ancients) ; fervens diffieili bile- tumet
jecur, Hor. (Varro and Cic. use the form jecoris,
Livy jocineris.)
jecusculum (Jficusculum) -i, n. (dim.
of jecur), a little liver, Cic.
jejune, adv. (je.junus), of style, dryly,
meagrely, frigidly, without energy or taste; de
aliqua re jejune ct exiliter disputare, Cic. ; haec
dicuntur fortasse jejunius, Cic.
Jejun?5sus -a -um (jejunium), hungry, fast-
ing, Piaut.
jejunltas -atis, f. (jejunus). I. hungriness,
emptiness, Piaut. II. Transf., of .discourse, dry-
ness, meagreness, frigidity, plainness; inopia et
jejunitas, Cic.
jejunium -ii, n. (jejunus). I. a fast, abstin-
ence from, food; 1, lit., jejunium Cereri insti-
tuere, Liv.; 2, hunger; jejunia pascere, satiare,
solvere, sedare, placare, (o satisfy hunger, Ov.
II. Transf., leanness, Yerg.
jejunus -a -um, fasting. I. 1. lit., ita je-
junus ut ne aquain quidem gustanm, Cic; 2,
melon., a, hungry, Cic; b, thirsty, Prop.; 3,
a, empty; corpora suco jejuna, Lucr. ; b, un-
fruitful ; ager, Cic; c, scanty; sanies, Verg..
II. Fig.,' A", jejunae huius orationis aurcs, wn-
acquainted with, Cic B. a, poor, mean; calum-
nia, Cic; b, dry, meagre, weak, orati". Qic; c,
pitiful, Insipid ■ illud vero pusilli animi et ipsa
maleyolcntii" ; juni et inanis, Cic.
jentacuium -i, n. (jento), a breakfast,
Piaut
jento, 1. to breakfast, (Suet.
jocatio -onis, f. (jocor), a joke, jest, Cic.
jocor, 1. dep. (jocus). I. Iutrarisit., to joke,
jest ; cum aliquo perlitteras, Cic. ; me appellabat
jocans, Cic. II. Transit., to soy in jest; haec
jocatus sum, Cic.
jocose, adv. (jocosus), in jest; jocosius scrib-
ere, Cic.
jocosus -a -um (jocus), jocose, humorous,
witty, sportive, merry, Jacetious ; Maecenas, Hor. ;
res, Cic ; transf., imago (vocia), the sportive echo,
II or.
jdcularis -e (joculus), jocular, laughable,
ludicrous; licentia, Cic. ; BUbst., n. pL, jocii-
laria-ium, n. jests, Hor.
jociilariter, adv. (jocularis), jocularly, jest-
ingly, P!iu.
Joculator -5ris, m. (jocalor), ajoker,
person, Cic.
Joculor, 1. dep. (Joi alus), to joke, jest, speak
jocosely; quaedaiu railitariterjoculautes, making
r 'Mesoldigr-jats, Liv.
jgcoius -i, 2. (dim! cf iocu/) « liitlt jclx, or
,- , Piaut. ..- :• ' ... - . ' . •
jocur, v. jecur.
jocus -i, m. (plur. jociand joea). I. a joke,
jest ; joci causa, fir the jest's sake, Cic ; per
jocum, in jest, Cic. ; extra jocum, remote joco,
joking apart. Cic II. Transf., a, a game, Ov. ;
b, toying, Ov. ; c, a subject for jesting, Hor.
1. juba -ae, 1'., 1, the wane of any animal,
Cic. ; 2, the crest of a helmet, Verg.
2. Juba -ae, in, (To£as), son oflliempsal, king
ofNumidiu, one oftlic supporters of 1'vmpci" i.
jubar -aris, n. (= juba re (sc lumen) from
jubar), a beaming light, radiance, esp. of the
heavenly bodies, a, lit., the light of the sun, Ov. ;
of the moon, Ov. ; of fire, Ov. ; b, lueton., a star,
esp., the morning star, Varr.
jiibatus -a -um (juba), ho ring a mane,
crested; anguis, Liv.
jubeo, jussi, jussuin, 2. to order, command.
I. Gen. coustr., a, with accus. and innn.\ Caesar
te sine cura esse jussit, told you not to be troubled,
Cic ; Dionysiumjubesalvere, greet, Cic. ; poutem
jubet rescind], Caes. ; iu pass, with iniin. alone,
consules jubentur scribere, Liv. ; b, with infin.
alone, receptui canere jubet, Caes. ; c, with ut
and the subj., jubere ut haec quoque referret,
Caes. ; d, with subj. alone, Tac; e, with accus.
alone, fratris necem, Tac.; f, absol., defessa
jubendo est saeva Jovis conjux, Ov. II. A.
Of physicians, to prescribe ; aegrotus qui jussus
sit viuuin sumere, Cic. B. As political t.t., a,
of the Roman senate and people, to order;
senatus decrevit populusque jussit, Cic; senatus
dictatorem dici jussit, Cic; legem, Cic; populus
jussit de belle, Liv. ; b, transf., of a law, lex
jubet aut vetat, Cic.
jucunde ( jocunde), adv. (jucuudus), plea-
santly, agreeably, delightfully ; vivere, Cic; ju-
cundius inhere, Cic
jucunditas (jocunditas) -atis, f. (ju-
cuudus), pleasantness, agreeableness, delightful-
ness, pleasure; vitae, Cic; dare so jucunditati,
to yive oneself V P to pleasure, Cic.
. jucundus (jocundus) -a -um (for juvi-
cundus, from juvo), pleasant, agreeable, delightful,
jjltjidjxii ; est mihi jucunda in inalis ves'tra e-fga
me voluntas, Cic. ;' comes alicui jueuiidus, Cic. ;
verba ad audiendum jucunda, Cic. ■
> Judaea -ae, f. (TouStua), Judaea or (sonie-
times) Palestine; hence, 1, adj., Judaeus -a
-um, Jewish, and suhst., Judaei -mum, m. the]
Jews; 2, Juda'icus -a -um, Jewish.
judex -icis, m.(jus dicere - judicare), a judge.
I. selecti .indices, chosen by the praetor, Cic. ;
judex quaestionis, a judge chosen to preside, ni
a trial, Cic; dare judieem, to appoint a judge
(said of the praetor), Cic ; judieem alicui ferre,
of the plaintiff, to propose a judge, Cic. ; judieem
dicere, of the defendant, Liv. ; aliqueni judieem
sumere, or habere, Cic. ; judices rejieere, to
object to, Cic. ; apud judieem causam agere, Cic. ;
judieem esse de aliqua re, Cic ; used with femin-
ine nouns, dialectica veri et falsi quasi discepta-
i rix et judex, Cic. ; hac judice, Ov. II. Transf. ,
of a person who judges or decides on anything,
aequissimus corum studiorum aestimator ct
judex, Cic.
judlcatio-onis, f. (judico), 1, a judicial inves-
tigation, Cic; in a speech, the examination of 'he
defendants plea, Cic. J 2, « judgment, opinior >,Cic.
judicatum -i, u. (judico), a decided cas',
judgment, decision; judicatum non facere, Cic. ;
judicatum negare, Cic.
judicatus -us, m. (judico), the offl.ee or busi-
ness of a judge, Cic.
judisliills -s (judicium), rtAiifg io a court
ofjustlw } 'jKdicio.l; causa, Cic. '
jud 303
judiclarilis -a -um (judicium), relating to
a court of justice; quaestus, Cic
judicium -ii, 11. (judex). I. 1, » trial,
hijtil investigation ; judicium dare or redderc,
Cic ; uui judicium exact, i.e., the praetor, Cic. ;
2, mcton., a, a law-suit, Cic; b, the judicial
vffice, 8a.ll. ; c, the place of trial, Nep. ; d, the
Judges; judicium sorth'i, Cic. II, judgment,
decision-, A. Lit., of on authority or superior,
Cic; seuatus, Caes. B. Transf., 1, opinion, view;
judicium facerc, (o decide, Cic; meojudicio, in
nuj opinion, Cic. ; 2, a, the judgment, power uf
judging, discernment, understanding; intelligens,
Cic; subtile, Hor.; b, reflection, consideration;
judicio aliquid facere, Cic.
x judico, 1. (jus dico). I. to investigate judi-
cially, (o he a judg e. Cic. II. to judge, decide.
A. Lit., rem, Cie.;lites, Cic. ; aliquid contra ali-
quem, Cic. ; with ace. and iuliu., deberi dotem,
Cic. ; judicata res, a decided case, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to determine, decide ; judieatuin est,
Cic. ; 2, to judge; a, ii quos ego posse judicare
arbi {rarer, Cic; b, to esteem, value; prudentem
non ex ijisius habitu sed ex aliqua re externa,
Cic. ; c, to be of an opinion ; quod ante judic-
aram, Cic. ; with ace. and intin., judico ne-
minem tanta habuisse ornamenta, Cic. ; or in
pass., with nom. and intin.; nos bene eniisse
judicati sumus, Cic. ; d, to declare openly ; Dola-
bella hoste judicato, Cic
jugalis -e (jugum), yoked together; a, subst,
jiigales -iura, in. a team or yoke, Verg. ; b,
-matrimonial, nuptial; vinculum, Verg. ; dona,
Ov.^
' JugariUS vicus, a part of Borne, at the foot of
the capitol, named after Juno Juga, who had an*
altar there.
jugatio -onis, f. Cjugo), the training of vines
on a trellis, Cic
jiigerum -i, iu, plur. according Uj the Sid.
declension (jugis), 1, a plot of land 2-iO feet long
by VM broad, and containing therefore '2S,U00
square feet, Cic. ; 2, as a translation of the
Greek nXidpov, a measure of length, containing
100 Greek or 101 Roman feet, Plin. . • •
jugis -e (jungo), joined together; a, juge
ausnicium, an auspice marred by the dunging of
yoked, oxen, Cic. ; b, perpetual, continuous, never-
jailing; aqua, Cic ; "pUteUS, Cic.
juglans -glandis, f. (=Jovis glans), a walnut,
Cic.
jiigo, 1. (jugum), to bind together,- conned ; a,
virlutes inter se jugatae sunt, Cic. ; b, to marry,
give in marriage, Verg,; aliquem or aliquaui
alicui, Verg.
jugosus -a -urn (jugum), mountainous, Ov.
jugulae -arum, f. ('juguius=junctus), the
three stars which form the belt of the constellation.
Orion, Plaut.
jugulo, 1. (jugulum), to cut the throat, slay,
kill. I. Lit., suem, Cic. ; cives optimos, Cic.
II. to ruin, destroy ; aliquem factis decretisque,
Cic. ; jugulari sua confessione, Cic.
jugulum -i, n. and juguTus -i, m. (jungo).
1. the collar-bone, Plin. II. the hollow above the
collar-bone, the throat; jugula concava, Cic;
jugulum dare (alicui), Cic, or porrigere, Hor.;
of the defeated gladiator, to present his throat to
hie adversary's stroke.
Jugum -i, d. (root JUG, whence also jungoj
Gk. Zyr, whence £vyoV, &vywfii). I. c, yoke
passing over the necks of two oxen, a horse's
collar: A. 1, lit., juga imponere bestiis, Cic. ;
2, meton., a, a team or yoke of oxen, Cic; b,
a. team of horses, Verg.; c, trassf., a poir, a,
aoypU ; vxpioru^ (of Jaitoiius And Poli'oeHi),
Cic B, Fig-, I, fore jugua parity -,o low to
Jun
adversity as well as in prosperity, Hor. ; 2, a,
the marriage-tie, Ov. ; b, the yoke of slavery ;
jugum acciperc, Liv. II. 1, the yoke under
which the llama its compelled their vanqnUlied
enemies to pass in taken of submission; mil tore
sub jugum, Cic, Liv. 2, a, the constellation
Libra, Cic. ; b, lias beam of a pair uf scales, Liv. ;
3, the beam of a weaver's loom, Ov. ; 4, juga,
the rowers' benches, Verg. ; 5, a ridge OX Summit
of a mountain; summum jugum moutis, Caes. -
Jugurtha -ae, in. king of Numidia, who
carried on a long war with the Itomans, and was
conquered by Marius. Hence, adj., Jugur-
thinus -a -um, Jugurthinc.
Julius -a -um, name of a Roman, gens, the
most celebrated members of which were a, C.
'Julius Caesar; b, his adopted son Octavius :
and c, Julia, daughter of Augustus, wife o)
Marcellus, Agrippa, andTibcriws. Adj., Julian;
lex, of Julius Caesar, Cic ; mehsis Julius or
simply Julius, the month of July, so called in
honour of Julius Caesar, formerly called Quinc
tilis.
jumentum -i, n. (— jugineutiuu from jungo,
as exameu = exagmen), an animal used for carry-
ing or drawing, beast of burden, Cic.
junccus -a -um (juncus), of or relating to
rushes, made of rushes ; viueula, Ov.
junoosus -a -um (juncus), full of rushes,
rushy ; litora, Ov.
junctim, adv. (juuetus), successively, both
together, Suet.
junctio -onis, f. (juiuro), a joining, con-
nexion; eorum verborum, Cic
- junctura -ae, f. (jungo), a joinir-g. A.
Lit., a joint; tiguorum, Caes.; lateruui, Verg.
B. Transf., 1, generis, relationship, Ov. ; 2,
rlielo rival combination, putting together, Hor.
,, junctus -a -um, p. adj. (from jungo), joined
together, yoked together, connected, united. I.
juuetior cum cxitu, Cic. II. 1, joined by affec-
tion, relationship, etc. ; juuetissimus, most nearly
connected, very intimate, Ov. ; 2, rhet. t. t.,lwcU
put together; oratio, Cic.
juncus -i, m. (crxolvos), a rush, bulrush ;
limosus, Verg. ; junci palustrcs, Ov.
jungo, junxi, junctum, 3. (root JUG, Gk-
ZVr, whence (eiyvvpi, £yy6v), to joiiij vnitct
connect. I. Lit., A. res inter se, Cic. ; "aliquid
cum aliqua re, Cic; oscula, to kiss, Ov.j.fluvium
ponte, Liv., poniem, Tac, to throw a bridge
oi'er a river. B. Es]>., 1, to yoke; equos curru
(dat.), Verg. ; 2, of places, in passive, to border
on; Jano loea juncta, Ov. ; 3, milit. 1. 1., to
unite troops; socia arma Rutulis, Liv. II.
Transf., A. cum homiuibusconsuetudinesjung-
ebit, Cic; with abl., improbitas scelere juncta,
Cic ; with dat., iudignatio juncta conquestioui,
Cic B. Esp., 1, to unite in marriage; aliquem
secum matrimonio, Liv. ; alicui, Ov. ; se alicui,
Ov. ; 2, to connect by affection, relationship,
friendship; se ad aliquem, Cic. ; amicitiam cum
aliquo, to form, Cic; 3, to unite politically;
foedere or societate alicui jungi, Liv. ; 4, to
connect grammatically ; juncta verba, Cic.
junior, v. juvems.
juniperus -i,. f. the juniper-free, Verg.
Junius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which were L. Junius
Brutus and the two Bruti, M. Jun. Brutus and
D. Jun. Brutus, tlie murderers of Caesar; adj ,
Junian; mensis Junius or simply Junius, the
month of June. .
Juno -onis, f. (=; Jovmo), the goddess Juvo,
cki.ugr.Zir of So *r»> sister ar.d wife of Jupiter $
Jrco iafacaa, Prcjirpin^Verg. ; &o JuaoAverna,
J up
501
JUV
Oi\; tirl'i Juuuiiis, Aryos, Ov. Hence, A.
Junbnalis -e, relating or belonging tu Juno ;
tempos, the month of Jane, Ov. B. JunoniUS
-i -uiu, Junonian; Iiospitia, Varikage, Verg. ;
ales, the peacock, Ov. ; cuslos, Argus, Ov. ;
meiisis, June, Ov. C. Junonlcdla -ac, c n
worshipper of Juno. D. Junonigena -ae, 111.
son of Juno, of Vulcan, Ov.
Jupplter, Jovis, 111. (prop., Diuspater,
Diuspiter, Dies'piter, the father of the heavens),
Jupiter, 1, the supreme god among the Romans,
brother and husband of Juno, corres;x>nding to the
Zeu? of the Greeks; Jovis satelles, Cic, ales, the
eagle, Ov. ; Juppiter Stygius, Pluto, Verg. ; 2,
transf., a, the planet Jupiter, Cic.; b, air, sky,
heavens ; 6ub Jove, in the open air, Ov.
Jura -ae, in. a mountain-chain extending
northwards from the banks of the Rhone.
jurandum -i, u. (juro), an oath, Ter.
j orator -oris, m. (juro), a sworn assessor, as-
sistant of the censor, Liv.
1. juratus -a -uiu, parlic. of juro.
2. juratus -a -uiu (jus), sworn, bound by an
oath; jurati judices, Cic.
jureconsultus = jurisconsultu.s (q.v.).
jurejuro, 1. (jus and juro), to swear by an
oath, Liv.
jureperitus = jurisperitus (q.v.).
jurgium -ii, n. (jurgo), altercation, verbal
contention, strife, quarrel, brawl; jurgio sacpe
contendere cum aliquo, Cic.
jurgo, 1. (=jure ago). I. Intransit., to
quarrel, contend in. v;ords, brawl, Cic. II.
Transit., to scold, Hor.
juridicialis -e (juridicus), relating to right
or justice; coustitutio, Cic.
jurisconsultus -i, m. one learned in the
law, a lawyer, Cic.
jurisdictio -Onis. f. I. the administration
of justice by the praetor, judicial authority, Cic. ;
jurisdictio urbana et peregrina (of the praetor
urbanus and peregriuus), Liv. ; jurisdictio in
libera civitate contra leges senatusque consults,
Cic. II. Meton., a place where justia is ad-
ministered, an as$Uc-town, Tac.
jurisperitus -i, rn.onj skilled or experienced
in the law, Cic.
jUTO, 1. (2. j»s). I. Intransit., to swear, take
an oath. A. ex animi mei senteutia, Cic. ; per
deos, Sal). ; pro aliquo, in. the place of some one'
Liv. B. in verba alicuius, to swear after a certain
formula, Liv. ; in certa verba, Cic. ; in legem, td
swear to, Cic; oinnis excrcittis in se quisque
jurat, each soldier took the oath separately, Liv.
II. Transit., A. to swear; juravi vcrissiinum jus-
jurandum, Cic B. to affirm on oath, to swear
to ; morbum, to the fact that one is ill, Cic. ;
falsom jurare, Cic; id in litem, in support of a
suit, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., Cic. C. to call
the gods to witness; deos, Ov. D. to deity on
oath; calunminm in aliquem, Liv.
juror -atus sum, dep. 1. (= juro), to swuir ;
quid juratus sit, Cic. ; partic juratus, sworn on
oath ; si diceret juratus, Cic. (only used in pcrf.
and partic. perf.).
1. jus, juris, n. (connected with £uoy, from
£e'io, siiw), broth, soup, Cic.
2. Jus, juris, n. (from the same root as jubeo,
lit. = jussum), right, law. I. A. As contained
in statutes, etc., principia juris, Cic. ; jus ac fas
omne delere, Cic. ; jura dare, to give laws,
Liv. B. 1, law, as comprising rights ; jus j
hominurn, natural law, Cic. ; jus gentium, Cic;
jus civile, <fa common hw. Cic-. ; 2. a. '.av, as \
opposed to equity ; summum yus, sumnia iujui ia,
L'ic. ; jus dicero, to declare the law, t'j decide
judicially (said of tin* praetor), Cic; b, lueton.,
ii court of justice ; in jus vocarc, Cic; adire,
Cic II. Transf., A. right, law, as common t"
mankind ; divina ac liuiuaua jura, Cic. ; uxores
codem jure sunt quo viri, have the «oi<; rights
us, Cic. ; jure optimo, by the best of rights, Cic. ;
jus est, with infin., it is right, Cic. B. 1,
right, privilege ; jus civitatis, Cic; jus auxilii
sui, Liv. ; 2, legal right, authority; jus agendi
cum plebe, Cic; sui juris esse, to be independent,
Cic.
jusjurandum, jurisjurandi, n. an oath ;
alioui jusjurandum dare, foil, by ace. and infin.,
to promise on oath, Cic ; jusjurandum accipere,
to take an oath, Caes. ; jusjurandum violare, Cic ;-
consecrare, Cic. ; tidem astringere jurejurando,
Cic. ; aliquem jurejunmdo obstringere, with
ace and infin., Caes. (Sometimes separated,
e.g., jus igitur jurandum, Cic.)
jUSSUm -i, n. (jubeo), gen. in plur. I. a
command, order, Cic. ; jussa cflicere, Sail. II.
A. the prescription of u physician, Ov. B. the
command of the Soman people; pcruiciosa ct in-
justa jussa, Cic.
jussus -u, m. (jubeo), re command, com-
manding ; vestrojussu, by your order, Cic
juste, adv. (Justus), justly, rightly ; imperare,
Cic. ; fiicilius fieri potuerit ct justius, Cic ;
iiiuuo justissime, Cic.
justificus -a -um (Justus and facio), acting
justly, Cat.
jUStitia -ae, f. (Justus), justice, love of justice,
equity ; justitiam colere, Cic. ; justitia erga deos,
Cic ; in hostein, Cic.
justitium -ii, n. (juris -stitium, from jus
and sisto), a suspension of business in the courts
of law. I. a, justitium iudicere, edicere, to pro-
claim a suspension of legal business; justitium
remittere, to close, Liv.; b, transf., a pause, ces-
sation, suspension; omnium rerun], Liv. II. a
public mourning, Tac
m. Justus -a -um (jus). I. Of persons, just,
upright, impartial; judex, Cic. II. Of objects,
A. just, equitable, fair; supplicium.Cic. ; bellum
Liv. ; hostis, having thi right on his side, Cic ;
subst., justum colere, to do what is right, Cie.
B. Transf., 1, well grounded, justifiable; causa,
'Cic ; ira, Ov. ; 2, regular, proper, jri£xfc£t, com- -
lete , suitable; proelium, Liv. ; victoria, Cic. ; 3,
fitting, right , sufficient; numerus, Liv. ; altitudo,
Caes. ; neut. subst., plus justo, more than is
right, Hor. ; so longior justo, Ov. ; plur., justa
orum, a, what is fitting; justa praebere servis,
Cic; b, due forms and observances, esp. funeral
rites; justa fucerc alicui, Cic.
«. Juturna -ac, f. (juvo), the nymph of a spring
in Latium, sister of Turnus, worshipped at Home
and sacrificed to in times of scarcity of water;
ii spring near the river Xumicius, also wor-
shipped.
1. juvenilis -c (juvenis), youthful; corpus,
Verg. ; Indus, Liv.
2. Ju.vena.lls -is, m., L>. Junius, a Roman
writer of satires, contemporary of Domitian and
Trajan.
juvenaliter, adv. (1. juvenalis), like a
young man, with the strength of a young man, Ov.
Juvoncus -a -um (for juvenicus, from ju-
venis), young. I. Adj.,equus,Lucr. II. Subst.,
A. juvenous -i, m., a, a- young man, Hor.;
b, a young bullock or ox, Verg. B. juvenca
-ae, f., a, a young woman, a maiden, Hor.; b,
a young cow, heifer, Verg. (genit. plur., juvecctur.
Verg).
juv
305 lab
jiivenesco -\eiiui, 3. (juvenis), 1, in grow
up to yotitli; 'vitulus, Hor.; 2, to become young
again ; juvenesdt homo, Ov.
juvenilis -e (juvenis), youthful, juvenile;
liceutia, Ciu ; redundautia, Cic.
juv£nillter, adv. (juvenilis), youthfully, like
a youth; Annibal juveniliter exsultans, Cic.
jiivenis -is (juvo). I. Adj., young, youth-
'"ful; anni, Ov. ; coinpar., junior, Liv. II.
Subst., jiivenis -is, c, a young man, young
woman, one in the prime of life (generally from
the twentieth to the fortieth year), Cic.
juvenor, 1. dep. (juvenis), to act like a
youth, with youthful indiscretion, and impetu-
osity, Hor.
jtiventa -ae, f. (juvenis), youth. I. 1, lit.,
the time of youth ; flos juventae, Liv. ; 2, meton.,
(a) the youth = the young; imbellis, docilis,
Hor. ; (0) prima juventa, (Ac down on a young
man's cheeks, Verg. ; (y) abstract, the force of
youth; virtus ct .juventa, Liv. II. Porsonif.,
ihc goddess of youth, Ov.
jiiventas -atis, f. (juvenis). I. youth, the
time of youth; 1, lit., Vcrg. ; 2, mcton., a,
prima juventas, the down on, a, young man's
cheeks, Verg. ; b, the vigour of youth, Hor. II.
Ferson., the goddess of youth, Hebe, Cic.
juvenilis -utis, f. (juvenis), youth, the period
of life between the twentieth and the fortieth year.
A. Lit., ea quae juventute geruntur et viribus,
Cic. B. Meton., young men; juventus Romana,
Liv. ; legendus est hie orator juventuti, Cic. ;
princeps juventutis, in republican times, the
first among the knights, Cic.
jiivo, juvi, jutum, fut. partic., jfivaturus, 1.
I. to help, assist, aid, be of service; aliquem in
aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem auxilio laboris, Cic. ;
hostes frumento, Caes. ; juvante deo, diis juvant-
ibus, with God's help, Cic. II. to delight, please,
gratify; ut te juvit coena? Hor.; ita so dicent
juvari, Cic. ; often impers., juvat, with infiu.,
it delights, it pleases; juvit me tibi tuas literas
profuisse, Cic. ; forsan et haec olim meminisse
juvabit, Verg.
juxta (connected with jungo). I. Adv., A.
Of space, close to, by the side of, near, hard by;
legio quae juxta constiterat, Caes. ; sellam juxta
ponere,Sall. B.Transf., inlikemanner, equally ;
vitam mortemque juxta aestimo, Sail. ; aliaque
castella juxta ignobilia, Liv. ; juxta ac si hostes
adessent, Liv. ; juxta quam, Liv. ; with dat.,
res parva ac juxta magnis difticilis, Liv. ; with
cum and the abl., juxta mecuni omnes intclli-
gitis, Sail. II. Prep, with ace. A. Of space,
1, lit., near to, hard by; juxta murum castra
posuit, Caes. ; 2, transf., immediately after or
upon, next to; juxta deos in tua manu positum
est, Tac. B. Of time, just before; juxta finem
vitae, Tac.
juxtim, adv. (connected with jungo), near,
close by, Lucr.
KThe letter K, k, was originally a part of
^ the Latin Alphabet, but afterwards almost
entirely disappeared from it, and was replaced
by C. K was only used iu abbreviations, as
K. = Eaesar, Kal. = Kalendae.
Kalendae = Calendae (q.v.).
Kartiago = Carthago (q.v.J. '
L.
Ll, correjponda to the Greek lambda (A, \).
, For its use as an abbreviation, v. Table of
Abbreviations.
labasco, 3. (labo), 1, to totter, threaten to
fall, Lucr. ; 2, to give uay, Ter.
labea -ae, f., the lip ~ labia (q.v.).
labecula -ae, f. (dim. of labes), a little spot
or stain, a slight disgrace, Cic.
labefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., labefio,
-factus sum -fieri (labo and facio). I, to make to
totter, shake, loosen; partem muri, Caes. ; charta
sit a vinclis nou labefocta suis, not opened, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, a, to weaken ; corpora aestus
impatientia labefecit, Tac. ; b, politically, to
shake, impair; jura plebis, Liv. ; 2, to cause to
shake or waver; qucm nulla unquam vis, nullae
miuae, nulla iuvidia labefecit, Cic.
labofacto, 1. (intens. of labefacio), to caust
to totter, shake violently. I. Lit., signum veeti-
bus, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a, animam sedibus
intus, Lucr. ; b, to injure, weaken, destroy ;
alicuius hdem pretio, to corrupt, Cic. ; amicitiani
aut justitiam, Cic; vitas hominum, to disturb,
disquiet, Cic.
1. labellum -i, n. (dim. of 1. labrum), a
little lip, Cic.
2. labellum i, n. (dim. of 2. labrum), a
small bathing- vessel, Cic.
LiLberius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens,
the most famous member of which was D. Laberius,
a knight and writer of mimes, contemporary of
Jul. Caesar.
labes -is, f. (1. labor), a falling in, sinking
in. I. Lit., esp. of the earth, multi6 locis labes
faetae sint, Cic. II. TraDsf., A. prima labes
mali, the first miscliance, Verg. B. 1, ruin,
destruction; iunoeentiae labes aut ruina, Cic;
applied to a person, labes atque pernicies pro-
vjuciae Siciliae, Cic; 2, a spot, stain, blemish;
a, physical, sine labe toga, Ov. ; victiina labe
carens, Ov. ; b, moral, marie of disgrace, stain of
infamy, disgrace, dishonour, ignominy ; ilia labes
atque ignomiaia reipublicae, Cic. ; alicui labem
inferre, Cic.
labia (labea) -ae, f. and labium -Ii, n.
(lambo), a lip, Plaut.-
Labici (Lavici) -orum, m. and Labicum
-i, n. an old Latin town, fifteen miles south-east of
Rome. Hence, adj., Labicanus -a -um, o/or
belonging to Labicum; subst., a, L&bicanum
•i, n. the territory of Labicum; b, Labioani
-oruin, m. the inhabitants of Labicum.
Labienus -i, m., T., a legate of Julius Caesar,
who deserted to Pompeius at the breaking out of
the Civil War.
' labiosus -a -um (labium), with large lips,
Lucr.
labium -ii, n. = labia (q.v.).
labo, 1. to totter, waver, be about to fall, begin,
to sink. I. Lit, signum lajbat, Cic. ; labat ariete
erebro jauua, Verg. ; labantem una parte aciem,
wavering, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to waver, totter;
omnes I'eipublicae partes aegras et labantes
sanare et conlirmare, Cic. ; memoria labat, is
uncertain, Liv. ; 2, to waver in fidelity or
opinion; scito labare meum consilium, Cic;
fides sociorum labare coepit, Liv.
1. labor, lapsus sum, b. dep. to glide, slide,
fall down, slip. 1. 1, lit., ex equo, Liv. ; burner
in genas furtiia labitur, Hor. ; Stellas praecipites
coelo labi, Verg. ; lapsi de fpntibus anin'es, Ov. ;
lab
COG
Lac
quia coutinenter laberentur ct fluerent omnia,
Cic ; 2, transf., a, to glide, to run, to flow ; sed
labor tongius, ad propositmu reverter, I wander
from, the point, Cic. ; oratio sedate plaeideque
labitur, flows along, Cic; of time, to pass away;
labuutiir tcmpora, Hor. ; b, to incline to, fall
into ; labor oo ill assent iar Epicuro, / feel myself
drawn into, etc., Cic; eivitatum mores; lapsi
ad mollitiein, Cic. II. A. to glide down, glide
off, deviate from ; ne udjeetae Voces laberentur
atque errareut, Cic. ; bac spe lapsus, deceived,
Cic. E. to slip, to stumble; 1, lit., agaso pede
lapsus, Hor.; 2, transf., &,tomakeaslip, to make
a mistake ; erravit, lapsus est, nou putavit, Cic. ;
in aliqua re, Cic. ; per errorem, Cic. ; propter
imprudentiam, Cic. ; in officio, Cic. ; b, to be on
the point of falling ; labentein et prope cadentem
reinpublicam, Cic. C. to glide out, to fall out;
viscera lapsa, 0\'. ; of persons, to slip away ;
custodia, Tac. D. to fall to the ground; calor
ossa reliquit, labitur, Verg. ; labentes deoruw
aedes, Hor. ; transf., tv fall, be destroyed; lapsum
genus, Verg.
2. labor -oris, in. v:ork, labour, toil, effort.
I. Lit., a, gen., res est magni laboris, is difficult,
Cic. ; capere tantum laborem, Cic. ; impeuditur
labor ad incertum casum, Cic. ; laborem homin-
nm periculis sublevaudis impertire, Cic. ; lab-
orem interponere pro aliquo, Cic. ; labor est,
with intin., it is a work of difficulty, Liv. ; b,
activity, industry, capacity for work ; homo magui
laboris, Cic. ; 2, ineton., a, work, result of
labour;" multorum mensium labor interiit,
Caes. ; b, deed, undertaking ; belli, Verg. II. a,
hardship, fatigue, need, distress, difficulty ; cuius
erga me benevolentiani vel iu labore nieo vel in
honore perspexi, Cic. ; poet., labores solis, eclipse
ofthesu.n,\zr«. ; Lucinae, pains of labour t Yerg.;
b, sickness, Plaut.
l&bdrlfer -fSra -ferum (labor andfero), bear-
ing toil and hardship; Hercules, Ov.
laboriose, adv. (labo'riosus), laboriously,
vHhtoiland fatigue; quoquisqueeslingeniosior,
hoe docet liracundius et laboriosius, Cic; dilig-
entissime laboriosissimcque accusare, Cic
laboiiosus -a -urn (2. labor). J. full of toil,
hardship, trouble, lahorimis; a, vitee genus
laboriosum sequi, Cic. ; b, of persons, industri-
ous, Cic. II. troubled, harassed, undergoing
trouble and liardship ; laboriosa eokors Ulixei,
Hor. ; quid nobis duobus laboriosius, Cic
laboro, r. (2. labor). I. Intransit, A. a,
to work, toil, labour, strive: sibi et populo
Romano, non Verri laborarc, Cic ; in aliqua re,
Cic. ; dc aliqua re, Cic. ; de aliquo, Cic. ; in
aliquid, Liv. ; with ut or ne and the subj., Cic. ;
nou laboro, with iuliu., Cic; b, to be troubled-
about, to be distressed, to care ; quorsum recidat
responsum tuum, non maguo opere laboro, Cic.
B. to suffer, labour under anything, be oppressed
with, afflicted with ; niorbo, to be ill, Cic. ; ex in-
testinis, pedibus, reuibus, to suffer pain in, Cic. ;
ex invidia, Cic. ; a re fnunentaria, Caes. ; in re
familiari, Cic; absol., to be in danger; illi
laborauti subvenire, Caes. ; of things, quod
vehemeute;- eius artus laborarent, as he suffered
from gout, Cic. ; digitorum contiactio nullo in
motu laborat, finds no difficulty in, Cic; quum
luna laboiet, ts eclipsed, Cic II. Transit., to
vork out, zo elaborate, prepare, form ; arte labor-
atae vebtes, Verg. ; dona labcratae Cerei in, corn
r, '< r le into bread, Verg.
lab os -on?, ni. = 2. labor (q.v.).
Labros -i,- m.~(Aci0pos), mine of a dog, Ov.
1. lab~UEl -i. p.'G^^ibo),' a, lip; bupenus;
the upper lip, Cm.; csov., prills" latr:.; -ruit-
me pbysiclc^is:, fo nee cr.'y c superficial*
meton., the edge, rim, lip,
knowledge of, Cic
fossae, Caes.
2. labrum -i, n. (lavo), a, a basin, vessel,
tub, Verg. ; b, especially,!: bathing-vessel, Cic;
meton. poet., labra Dianae, bath, Ov.
labrusca -ac, f. the wild vine, Very.
labruscum -i, n. t/tc fruit of the wild vim;
Verg.
laburnum -i, n. the laburnum tree (Cytisus
Laburnum, Linn.), Pliu.
labyrintheus -a -urn (labyrinthus), laby-
rinthine, Cat.
labyrinthUS -i, m. (kapi'piv6os), a labyrinth,
csp. the labyrinth in Crete constructed by Daedalus,
Verg.
lac, lactis, n. (akin to yoAa. ydAaK-ros). milk.
I. Lit., Cic. II. Transf., the milky sap of
plants, Ov.
Lacaena -ae, f. (Adxatra), Spartan, Lacedae-
monian ; virgo, Verg.; subst., a Spartan woman ;
esp., Helen, Verg. ; Leda, Mart.
Lacedaemon -6nis, f. (\aKtSaip.av), the
city Lacedaemon or Sparta; hence, adj., Lac6-
daememus -a -urn, Lacedaemonian ; Tarentum,
built by a colony from Sparta. Hor.
lacer -c8ra-cerum. I. Pass., torn, maimed,
dismembered, torn to pieces ; corpus, Sail.; vestis,
Tac II. Act., tearing to pieces ; morsus, Ov.
laceratio -onis, f. (lacero), a tearing to pieces,
maiming, mangling, laceration; corporis, Cic.
lacema -ae, f. a mantle worn over the toga
on a journey or in- bad weather, Cic.
lacernatus -a -urn (lacerna), clad in the
lucema, Juv.
lacero, 1. (lacer), to tear to pieces, maim,
mangle, laconic. I. Lit., alicuius corpus lacerare
atque vexare, Cic; lacerare aliquem muni-
cruciatu, Cic ; pontes, to destroy, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, to wound deeply, ruin, destroy-;
lacerare reinpublicam, Cic; patriam scelere,
Cic; esp., a, to squander; pecuniam, Cic; b,
to distress, torture; mens me moeror quptidianus
lacerat, Cic ; 2, to wound with, words, rail at,
asperse, attack, rend; hacc te lacerat, liaec
ciucntat oratio, Cic ; aliquem probris, Liv.
lacerta -ae, f. I. a lizard, Hor. II. et
sea-fish, Cic
lacertosus -r. am (laccrtus), muscular,
powerful; centurion is Cic.
•1. lacertus -i, ;;. gen. plur. = <Ae muscles.
I. Cen., 1, lit., lacertos exercitatio expressit,
Quint.; 2, tig., of oratorical vigour, iu Lysia
sunt lacerti, Cic, II. 1, the inusclesofthe upper
part of the arm (from the shoulder to the elbow),
Milo Crotoniates nobilitaLus ex lateribus ct
lacertis suis, Cic ; 2, fig., of oratorical vigour,
a quo quum amentatas hastas acceperit, ipse eas
oratoris lacertis viribusque torquebit, Cic.
2. lacertus -i, m. = lacerta (q.v.).
lacesso -Ivi and -ii -I turn, 3. (intens. of
*lacio), to provoke, stimulate, excite, exasperate,
irritate; a, virum ferro, Cic; aliquem proelio,
bello, Caes. ; aliquem ad pugnam, Liv. ; mo
scripto, provoke me to write again, Cic ; so ad
Bcrioendum, Cic ; aliquem injuria, Cic ; deos
precibus, Hor. ; pelagus canna, to sail over,
Hor. ; b, with ace. of thing, to begin, occasion ;
pugnam , Liv. ; sermones, Cic
Lacetani -orum, m. (Acfcercioi), " people in
H'.ipav.ia, Tarraconensis. Henec-, Laeetania
-ae, f. the country of the Lacetani.
Ladies -etij<, m. (Xi-xrj;), sor.
;- ral of iin Athenians, slain
(AliE.C). - -
of Melamvuj,
Lac
307
lae
Lachesis -is, f. (Aax«ns), the one of the
three Parent that spun the threcul of life.
lachrima (lachryma), v. lacrima.
lachrimo (lachrymo) and -or, v. lacrimo.
Laciades -as, in. (AaxidSnO, belonging to the
Lacian deme (in Attica), Cic.
lacinia -ac, f. (A.a-«'s), a lappet ox flap '/ a
tjarment; prov., aliqui". obtinere lacuna, to hold-
by the extreme end, to have but an insecure hold,
Cic. ; in lacinia servarc ex inensa sccuuda semiiia,
ap. Cic.
Lacinlum -ii, n. (AaKiviov i<pov), a promon-
tory in hruttium, near Crotona, where Juno
Lacinia had a famous temple. Hence,_ adj.,
Lacinius -a -uui," Lacinian ; diva Lacinia, the
Lacinian goddess' (Juno) ; meton. - the tempi* of
Juno Lacinia, Verg.
Laco (Lacon) -finis, m. (Xixiav), a Spartan,
Lacedaemonian; fulvus Laco, a Spartan hound,
Hor. ; plur., Lacdnes -tun,, in. the Lacedae-
monians. Heuce, 1, adj., Laconicus -a -urn,
Laconian. Subst,, a, Laconica -ae, f. or
Laconice -es, f. (A<ncu>vi»oj), the country of
Laconia, Nep. ; b, Laconicum -i, n. (sc.
balneum), a sweating-room in, a bath, UC ,
2, Lacdnis -Idis, f. Spartan; mater, Ov.
lacrima (lacruma, lachrima, or lach-
ryma) -ae, f. (Sixpv, Sitcpvaa). I. a tear;
nmltis cum lacrimis, with a flood of tears, Cic;
lacrimaa profundere, to shed tears, C;c. ; prae
"■n, Cic. ;
lacrimis (for tears) loqui uon possum,
debilitor lacrimis, unmanned by, Cic.; lacrimis
gaudio effusis, Liv. II. the exudation from
certain plants; turis, Ov. ; Heliadum, amber, Ov.
lacrimabilis(lacrumabilis) -e Gacrimo),
deplorable, lamentable, woeful; tempus, Ov. ; hel-
ium, Verg.
laerimabundus -a -urn (lacrimo), breaking
into tears, weeping, Liv.
lacrimo (lachrymo, lacrumo), 1. to weep,
shed tears. I. Lit., ecquis fuit quiulacnmaret?
Cic II. Of plants, to exude, to drip, drop
down; partic. pass., lacvimatae cortice myrihae,
dripping from, Ov.
lacrimosus (lacrtimosus) -a -urn (lac-
rima) I. tearful, shedding .tears : huiuiia vino
lacriiuosa, Ov. ; voces, Verg,, -II. a, musing
tears; fumus, Hor.; b, mournful, piteous; bel-
luin, Ilor.
lacrimiila -ae, f. (dim. of lacrima), a little
tear, Cic.
I lacruma, etc., v. lacrima, etc.
lacteo, 2, (lac). I. to suck; lactens Ro-
mulus, Cic. ; lactens hostia, Cic. Subst, lac-
tcntes -lum, f. (sc. hostiae), unweancd animals,
as victims for a sacrifice ; lactentibus rem divinam
facere, Liv. II. to be milky, juicy, contain milk,
to be full of sap; frumenta, Verg.
lacteolus -a -um, adj. (dim. of lacteus),
milk- white, Cat.
lactes -lum, f. (\m), the small intestines, guts,
rjaut. , .„ .
lactesco, 3. (lacteo), to become milk, be
changed into milk; omms fere cibus matrum
lactescere incipit, Cic.
lacteus -a -urn (lac). I. Lit., 1, miMcw;
humor, Ov. ; 2, full of milk; ubera, Vera. II,
Meton., milk-white; cervix, Verg. ; via lactea,
Ov., or orbis lacteus, Cic, the Milky Way.
1. lacto, 1. (\s.c), to give milk, to be full of
milk, Ov.
3. lacto, 1. (inteES, of * lacio, to entice), to
o.'.'-^;, urScoai d&B+deoeiva, ccjol:, Tiiut,
lactates, ig. £ (lae), a Uttuie, Hor.
lacuna -ae, f. (for lacuina, from lacus). I.
a cavity, hollow, cavern; 1, a, lacunae salsae,
the salt depths of tlie sea, Lucr. ; b, m the body
uf animals, Bint modici victus parvaeque utrnn-
que lacunae, dimples, Ov. ; 2, a pool, pund,
ditch; vasiae lacunae Orel, Lucr. ; cavae lacunae,
Verg. II. Tnmsf., a gap, defect, loss; ut ilium
lacunam rei familiaris expleant, Cic.
lacunar -aris, n. (lacuua), a panelled ceiling,
Cic. ; prov., spectare lacunar, to gaze at the ceiling,
i.e., to pretend not to see what is going on, Juv.
lacuno, 1. (lacuna), to work in }xtnels, to
panel, Ov.
lacunosus -a -um (lacuna), full of Iwllows
or gaps ; nihil lacunosum, defective, Cic.
lacus -vis, m. (root LAC, whence also Aaxicos,
lacuna). I. a lake, Cic. ; used poet, for any
large body of water, Verg., Ov. II. a water-
trough or basin, Hor. ; a blacksmith's trough,
Verg. III. any large tank, vat, tub, especially
that into which the wine flows when pressed
from the grapes; trausf., nova istu quasi ae
■musto ac lacu fervida oratio, Cic.
Lacydes -is, in. (\aj(vSr^),an academic philo-
sopher, founder of.the New Academy.
Ladas -ae, in. (AaSas), a Laconian athlete,
whose speed in running wasproverbial inantiouity,
Juv. • . . ' , .
Lidon -finis, m. (AaSujv), a river m Arcadia.
laedo, laesi, laesum, ii. to hurt, injure,
damage. I. Lit., cursu aristas, Verg. ; froudes,
Ov. ; ioua laedere collum, to strangle, Hor. II.
Transf., to trouble, offend, annoy, vex, calumniate,
attack ; aliquem perjurio suo, Cic. ; famam all- •
cuius gravi opprobrio, Cic.
Laelius -a -um, iiameofaEomangens^the
most prominent members of which were: C. Laelius,.
the friend of Scipio, ami D. Laelius,- a supporter-
of Pompeius. Hence, adj., Laelianus -a -uni,
Laelian.
laena -ae, f. (x^-alva), an upper garment of thick
loth, Cic.
Laertes -ae, m. (Aae'pnjs), the father of Ulysses ;'■
hence,' 1, adj., LaertlUS -a -um, Lacrtian;-
regna, Ithaca, Verg. ; heros, Ulysses, Ov. ; 2,
Lacrtiades -ae, m. the son of Laertes, i.e.,
Ulysses, Hor.
laesio-onis, f. (laedo), rhefc t.t,, an oratorical
attack, Cic.
Laestrygones -uin, m. (Aaio-TpuyovesX
myth., a race of cannibals in Sicily ; sing., Lac-
strygdn -6nis, m." a Laestrygonian ; urbs
Land Laestrvpouis (i.e., Formiae), Ov. Hence,
adj., Laestrygonius -a -um, Laestrygonian;
domus, Formiae, Ov.
laetabilis -e Gaetor), joyful, gladsome, joy-
ous, Cic.
laetatio -onis, f. Gaetor), a rejoicing, joy,
Ca.6s
laete, adv. (laetus), joyfully, gladly; aliquid
laete atque insolenter ferre, Cic.
laetiflCO, 1. (laetificus). I. to cheer, glad-
den, delight, make joyful; sol terrain laetiiicut,
Cic. II. to fertilise; agios aqua, Cic.
laetificus -a -um (laetus and facio), causing
joy, gladdening, cheering, joyous, Lucr. .... ,
iastltfe -ae. f- GaetUb). I. joy, expressed avxl
unrestrained gladness, delight; laetitiam capei-t,
percipere ex aliqua re, Cic. ; dare alicui laetitiam,
Cic. ; laetitiam alicui afferre, Cic. ; laetitia inn
inaximae praeclarissimaeque pugnae, Cic II.
a pleasing appearance, beauty, grace; oratiouis,
Tac.
lasfo*. 1. dec! flietas).'Jq nje'^s, Zi s"*r— s
icftB delight, byTat; a;«h abL,"b<feienrebaa
ljae
sos
Ian
Tic. ; b, witb in and the abl., in omnium gemitu,
Cic. ; c, with de and the abl., decouuuuui salute,
C'ie. ; d, witb ex and the abl., Sail. ; e, with ace.
of Hit nent. proii., utrumque laetor, Cic; f, with
ace. and intin., hliolatuate dclectari laetor, Cic. ;
g, with quud, so laetari, quod effugissem dm-
maxima* vituperationes, Cic. ; abso!., lactaiui
aninio, Cic.
Laetdrlus -a -uni, name of a Roman plebeian
gens.
laetUB -a -uni, joyful, glad. I. a, lit., of per-
sons, hi vagantur laeti atque erecti passim toto
foro, Cic. ; with abl., minime laetus orlgino novae
urbis, Liv. ; with genit, laetus laboruiu, Verg. ;
b, transf., of things, oratio, Liv.; vultus, Cic.
II. A. making joyful, pleating, agreeable ; omnia
erant facta laetiora, Cic. B. Transf., 1, favour-
ing, fortunate, propitious; augurium, Tac. ; 2,
a, fruitful; pascua, Liv.; laetae segetes, rich,
Cic. ; b, of animals, fat, Verg. ; c, of orators,
copious, fluent, delightful; nitiduiu quoddam
genus est verboi um et laetum, Cic.
laeve, adv. (lacvus), on the left hand, hence
awkwardly, Hor.
laevus -a -inn (Amos), left. I. Lit., a, adj.,
manus, Cic. ; amnis, thelcft bank, Tac. ; b, subst.,
(o) laeva -ae, f. (sc. manus), the left hand, the.
left; ad laevam, to the left, Cic; (0) laevum
-i, n. the left side; in laevum flectcre cursus,
Ov. ; plur., laeva -orum, places lying to the left,
Ov. II. Transf., 1, left-handed, foolish, silly;
mens, Verg. ; et ego laevus ! what a fool I am!
Hor.; 2, unsuitable; tempus, Hor.; 3, «n-
tucky, unpropitious; picus, Hor. ; 4, in augury,
favourable, as the Roman augurs, looking 6outh,
had the east or lucky side on their left hand;
laevum intonuit, on the left, Verg.
laganum -i, n. (Aa-yami;), a cake made of
flour and oil, Hor.
lagena = lagoena (q.v.).
lageos -ei, f. (Aayetos), a Greek kind cf vine,
Verg.
lagoena -ae, f. (Aayrji/os), a large earthen
jar or bottle with handles and a narrow neck,
Cic.
lagois -idis, f. (AayaU), a bird, perhaps a
hcathcoclc or grouse, Hor.
laguncula -ae, f. (dim. of lagoena), a little
bottle or ftask, Plin.
Lagus -i, m. the father of Ptolemy, king of
Egypt. Hence, adj., Lageus -a .-uni, poet. =
Egyptian, Mart.
Lais -Idis and -Idea, f. (XaU), a celebrated
Corinthian beauty.
Lai as, or Lajus -i, m. (Aii'o?), son cf Labdac-
us, father of Oedipus. Hence, Lalades -ae, m.
sonofLaius, i.e. Oedipus, Ov.
lama -ae, f. (perhaps connected with lacuna,
lacus), a bog, slough, ditch, Hor.
lambo. Iambi, lambltmn, 3. to lick ; a, of
animals, tribunal meum, Cic. ; b, poet., transf.,
of things, quae loca fabulosus lanibit Hydaspes,
bathes, washes, Hor. ; of fire, flannna suinmuni
properabat lambere tectum, Hor.
lamentab'lis -e (lamentor). I. lamentable,
deplorable ; regnum, Verg. II. doleful, mournful ;
vox, Cic. ; mulierum comploratio, Liv.
lamentatio -onis, f. (lamentor), a lamenting,
weeping, wailing, lamentation; plangore et lam-
entatione complere forum, Cic.
lamentor, l, dep. I. In transit, to ween,
wail, lament; flp.biliter in vulnere, Cic. II.
Transit., to bewail, weepover, lament ; eaecitatem,
Cic. ; with ace. and infln., Hor.
lamentum -i, n. a wailing, weeping, lament-
ation; gen. tn plur., se lamentis iimlicbritcr
lacrimisque dedere, Cic.
1. lamia -ae, f. (Au/ii'a), gen. plur., lamia'-,
witches believed to suck children's bl'<od, vampire.:,
Hor.
". Lamia -ac, m. " cognomen cf the Acliai\
■jens.
3. Lamia -ac, f. (Aafita), a town in Thessaly
(now Zeitu" or Zeituni),
lamina and lamna -ae, f. (perhaps con-
nected with latus, broad), a plate or thin piece vj
metal or marble, etc. I. Lit.,1, aenca, Liv.; 2,n,
uncoined gold and silver ; ininiicus lnninae, Hor. ;
b, a plate of iron, heated and used for torture ;
laminae ardentes, Cic. ; c, the blade of a sword,
Ov. ; d, the blade of a saw, Verg. II. a nut-
shell, Ov.
lampas -padis, arc. -pacta, ace. plur. -pades
and -padas, f. (Kaunas), a torch. I. Lit., Verg. ;
a wedding-torch, Ter. ; also used at, the torch-
race when one runner delivered his torch to
another; hence, quasi cursores vitae lampada
tradunt, end the course of tlieir life, Lucr. II.
Meton., brightness, brilliance; Phoebaca, the light
of the sun, Verg.
Lampsacum -i, n. and Lampsacus (os)
-i, f. (Aa/u.v|/a<co5), a town of ilysia on the north-
east part of the Hellespont. Hence, adj., Lamp-
saccnus -a -um, o/or belonging to Lampsacus.
Lamus -i, in. (Ai^io?), king of the Lae&tryg-
ones, founder of the town Formiae; urbs Land
Formiac, Ov.
lamyrus -i, m. (Aa/ii'pos), an unknown sea-
jish, Ov.
lana -ae, f. (Ai^o?, Doric Aai>os), wool. I. Of
animals, l f a, lit., lanam ducere, Ov., trah-
ere, to spin, Juv. ; lanam sufficere medica-
mentis quibusdam, Cic. ; b, meton., wool-spin-
ning : lanaededita, Liv. ; 2, woolly hair ; prov.,
rixaride lana eapriua, to quarrel about -nothing,
Hor. II. the down on leaves, fruit, etc., Verg.
lanarius -a -uni (lana), of ov relating to wool,
woollen, Pliu.
lanatUS -a -um (lana), wool-bearing, woolly ;
1, lit., capras lanatas quibusdam factas (esse),
Liv. ; subst., lanatae -arum, f. sheep, Juv. ; 2,
downy, covered with down, Pliu.
lancea -ae, f. a light spear or lance, with a
leathern thong attached to it, Lucr.
lancino, 1. to tear to pieces, mangle, rend in
pieces; 1, lit., Plin.; 2, transf., paterna bona,
to squander, Cat.
laneus -a -um (lana), made of wool, woollen;
1, lit., pallium, Cic. ; 2, soft as wool, Cat.
Langobardi -orum, m. a people in north
Germany, on the west side of the Elbe.
languefacio, 3. (languco and facio), to make
languid or faint, Cic.
langueo -gui, 2. to be faint, weak, languid.
I. Physically, quuinde via languercm, weary with
the journey, Cic; partic, langueus, weak, faint,
languid; vox, Cic. II. Transf., to be languid,
inert, inactive; otio, in otio, Cic; languent
vires, Cic ; partic, langueus, inactive, inert;
langucns labensque populus, Cic.
languesco, langui, 3. (langueo), to become
faint, weak, languid, to languish. I. Lit., 1, cor-
pora, Cic. ; sencctute, Cic ; Bacchus languescit
in amphora, becomes milder, Hor. ; 2, to become
walkthrough illness ; nee mea consueto lauguesc-
ent corpora lecto, Ov. II. to beeome languid,
inactive, listless, Cic.
languide, adv. (languidus), f a i n Uy t j an .
gu idly, feebly ; negant ab ullo philosopho quidi
quain dictum esse languidius, Cic
l&n
309
Lar
languidiilus -a -urn, (dim. of langnidus),
somewhat faint, languid, limp, Cic.
languidus -a -nm (langueo), faint, weak, lan-
guid, dull. I. Physically,!, gen., a, of persons,
vino Vigiliisquc langnidus, Cic. ; b, of things,
Ventus, gentle, Ov. ; aqua, irith gentle current,
Liv. ; 2, esp., of wine stored np, mild, mellow,
Hor. II. Of activity, sluggish, inactive; a,
l>ass., senectus non modo languida et iners non
est, Cic; studiuin, Cic; b, act., languidae vol-
uptates, enervating, Cic.
languor -5ris, m. (langueo), faintness, lan-
guor, weariness, feebleness. I. Physical, 1, cor-
poris, Cic ; 2, languor, weakness arising from
ill-health, ill-health ; aquosus, dropsy, Hor. II.
listlessness. inactivity, idleness, sluggishness; se
languori dedere, Cic. ; languorem alicni afferre,
Cic
laniatus -us, m. (lanio), a mangling, tearing
in pieces; with subj. genit., ferarum, Cic ; fig.,
s.i recludantur tyrannoruin mentes posse aspici
laniatus et ictus, Tac.
lanicium, v. lanitiutn.
laniena -ae, f. (lanius), a butcher's shop,
shambles, Liv
lanif Icus -a -nm (lana and facio), working
in wool, spinning or weaving wool ; ars, Ov. ;
sorores, the Parcae, Mart.
laniger -gera-ggrum (lana and gero), wool-
bearing. I. Adj., bidens, Verg. ; poet., apices,
woollen, Verg. II. Subst., laniger -gSri, m.
a ram, Ov.
linlo, 1. to tear or cut to pieces, mangle, lacer-
ate ; hominem, Cic. ; aliquem bestiis, Liv. ; crin-
em manibns, Ov. ; transf., et tua sacrilegae
laniarunt carmina linguae, Ov.
lanista -ae, m., 1, a trainer of gladiators,
Cic. ; 2, an instigator, inciter, Cic, Liv.
lanitium -ii, n. (lana), wool, Verg.
lanius -ii, m. (lanio), a butcher, Liv.; transf.,
« hangman, executioner, Plaut.
lanterna (laterna) -ae, f. (conn, with
XdixTTto, Kaunas), a lantern, lamp, Cic.
lanternarius -ii, in. (lanterna), a lantern-
bearer; Catilinae, Cic.
lanugo -inis, f. (lana), the down of plants,
Plin. ; the first soft down of the beard; flaventem
prima lanugine malas, Verg.
Lanuvlum -Ii, n. a fowii in Latium, forty-
eight miles south-east of Rome. Hence, adj.,
Lanuvinus -a -urn, belonging to Lanuvium;
subst., Lanuvinum -i, n. an estate near Lanu-
vium, Cic.
lanx, lancis, f., 1, a plate, platter, a large flat
dish, Cic. ; 2, the scale of a balance, Cic.
Laocoon -ontis, m. (Aao«<W), a priest of
Neptune in Troy, who with his two sons was de-
voured by serpents.
I La6dn.mla -ae, f. (AaoSa'neia), daughter of
Acastus and wife of Protesilaus, on whose death
she slew herself.
Laddicea -ae, f. (AaoSi'iceia), name of several
towns : 1, a town in Phrygia Major, now Eski-
Jiissar ; 2, a town inSeltucis in Syria, now Lddi-
kiyeh. Hence, adj., Laodicensis -e, Laodicean.
Laomedon -ontis, m. (Aaojie'Su>i>), a king of
Troy, father of Priam ; hence, 1, adj., Laome-
donteus -a -nm, Ixiomcdontean, poet. = Trojan,
Verg. ; 2, Laomedontius -a -urn, Laomedon-
tian; 3, subst., Laomodontiades -ae, m. a
male descendant of iMomedon (Priam), Verg. ;
plur., Laomedontiadae, the Trojans, Verg.
lapathum -i, n. and lap a thus -i, f.
{KdvuBov), sorrel, Hor.
lapicidinae -arum, f. (lapis and caedo), the
stone quarries as a place of punishment. Cic
lapidarius -a -urn (lapis), of or relating to
stone, Plant.
l&pldatlo -fmis, f. (lapis), a throwing of
stones ; facta est lapidatio, Cic.
lapidator -oris, m. (lapido), a thrower of
stones, Cic.
lapideus -a -um (kp>9)i made of stone, etone;
murus, Liv. ; imber, o shower of stones, Cic.
lapido, 1. (lapis), 1, to throw stones at, Suet. ;
2, impers., lapidat, it rains stones; Veiia do
caelo lapidaverat, Liv. ■-;
lapidosus -a -um (lap's). 1, full of stones,
stony ; monteB, Ov. ; 2, as hard as stone ; panis,
Hor.
lapillus -i. m. (dim. of lapis), a little stone,
pebble. I. lapilli crepitantes, Ov. ; white stones
were used to mark lucky,- and black stones un-
lucky days, hence, dies signanda melioribus
lapillis. Mart. II. 1, a precious stone, gem ;
nivei viridesque lapilli.penrte and emeralds, Hor. ;
2, a pebble used at trials (a white one for ac-
quittal, a black one for condemnation) ; lapilli
nivei atrique, Ov.
lapis -Idis, m.(Aaas), a stone. I. Gen., often
collective, bibulus, pumice-stone, Verg. ;.ardens,
a meteoric stone, Liv. ; aliquem lapidibus pro-
sequi, Cic. ; lapidibus aliquem cooperire, or
obruere, Cic. ; lapidibus pluit, it rains stones
from the sky, Liv. ; lupide candidiore diem not-
are, to mark a day as lucky (cf. lapillus I.), Cat.
II. Esp. 1, a boundary-stone, Liv. ; 2, a grave-
stone, Prop. ; 3. apreciousstone, jewel, esp. , apearl,
Hor. ; 4, marble ; Parius, Verg. ; albus, a table
of white marble, Hor. ; 5 f a piece of mosaic, Hor. ;
6, a mile-stone; intra vicesimum lapidem, Liv.;
7, the stone, or platform of stone on v-hich the
praeco stood at the slave-auctions ; duos de lapide
emptos tribunos, Cic. ; 8, Juppiter lapis, a
stone held in the hand as a symbol of Jupiter, and
sworn by; Jovem lapidem jurare, Cic.
Lapltb.es -ae, m., plur., Lapithae (Aajri'Sai),
the Lapithae, myth., a savage mountain race,
living near Olympus and Pelion in Thessaly,
famous for their fight with the Centaurs at the
wedding of Pirithous. Hence, ndj., 1, Lapi-
thaeus -a -um ; 2, Lapitheius -a -um, of
or belonging to the Lapithae.
lappa -ae, f. a bur, Verg.
lapsio -onis, f. (1 . labor), a gliding, an in-
clination, tendency towards, Cic.
lapsu, " (intens. of 1. laborX to totter;
Priainus lapsans, Verg.
lapsus -us, m. (1. labor). L a gradual mo-
tion, gliding, sliding, Verg. ; the flowing of water ;
si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo in mare pro-
fluxisset, Cic; the flight of birds; volucrum
lapsus atque cantus, Cic. ; the gliding of a
syiake, Verg. II. a falling, fall; 1, lapsus terra«,
Cic; 2, a moral fall, fault, error; quum Bint
populares multi variique lapsus, Cic.
liqueur -arisandlaqueare -is, n.(laqueus),
n. a panel in a ceiling, panelled ceiling; gen.
plur., laqnearia tecti, Verg.
laqueo, 1. (laquens), to adorn with a panelled
ceiling ; only inpartic. perf., laqueatus, laqueata
tecta, Cic.
laqueus -i, m. a noose, snare, trap ; 1, lit.,
oollum inserere in Inqucuin, Cic. ; laqueo gulnm
frnngere, Sail., or prcmcre, Hor.; 2, transf., a
snare, noose; alicui laqueos poncrc, to lay si: res
for, Ov, ; in laqueos cadere, Ov. ; laquei legum,
interrogationum, Cic.
1. Lar or Lars, Lartis, m. an Etruscan title
Lar
310
lat
signifying lord, found as a praenonien ; . Lars
Tolunmius, Cic ; Lars Porseua, Liv.
2. Lar, Laris, m., usually plur... Lares -uin
and (more rarely) -"mm, tutelary deities among
the Romans; Lares praestites, Ov. ; Lares dom-
estic, familiares, privati, patrii, domestic deities,
the gods of the hearth, Ov. ; permarini, deities of
the sea, Liv. ; rurales, agri eustodes, guardian?.
of agriculture, Cic; meton., hearth, dwelling,
home ; ad larein suum reverti, home, Cic
Lara and Larunda -ae, f. a nymph ktfom
Jupiter deprived of her tongue because of her
.loquacity. . •
Larciua -a -uin, name of a celebrated Roman
gems, the most celebrated member of which teas the
first dictator, T. Larcius Flavus, Cic.
lardum (larldum) -i, n. (connected with
Xopivo?), the fat of bacon, lard, Ov.
Larentalia -lum, n. a feast in honour of
Acca Larentia.
Larentia, v. Acca., ,- '
1. Lares, v. 2. Lar.
2. Lares, ace. Lares, abl. Lsribus, f. a town
in Ntimidia, now Larbuss or Lorbus.
large, adv. (largus), largely, plentifully,
abundantly ; dare, Cic. ; large'atque lionoriflce
aliquid promittere, Cic. ; senatus consultuin large
factum, with weeping provisions, Tac.
largif icus -a -uin (largus and facio), bounti-
ful, liberal, Lucr.
largifluus -a -urn (large and fluo), flowir/j
u-ith full, stream, Lucr.
larglloqnns -a -uin (large and loquor), talk-
ative, Minacious, Plant.
largior, 4. dep . (largus). I. to give abund-
antly, bestow liberally, impart; "qui eripinnt
aliis quod aliis largiantur, Cic; absol., to give
liberal presents, esp. for the purpose of bribing;
ex alieno largiendo aliquid parare, by means of
bribery, Cic II. Transf., to give, Ixstow, grant ;
populo libertatem, Cic.-; alieul civitntem, Cic;
patriae suum sanguinem, Cic
largitas -atis, f. (largus), liberality, bonnti-
fulness ; terra cum maxima largitate fruges fundit,
Cic i .•••--
larglter, adv. (l ar ? ns ). abundantly, plenti-
fully, largely; posse, to be powerful, Caes.; de
judicio largiter esse remissum, Cic.
largitio -nnis, f. (largiorX a giving freely,
liberality, spending freely, lavishing; 1, lit., a,
in cives, Cic ; largitione benevolentiam nlicuius
consectari, Cic. ; prow, largitio non liabct fund-
um, giving has no limits, Cic. ; b, giving or
spending in order to gain the favour of others,
bribery ; largitionis suspidonem recipere, Cic. ;
2, granting, bestowing; civitatis, Cic. ; aequitat-
is, Cic.
largitor -oris, m. (largior), o liberal giver,
fjv>uler; pr^cdae erat largitor, Liv.; absol., as
artrib. = gen'rous, Liv. ; in a bad sense, a briber,
cic
largus -a -um. I. abundant, plentiful,
Humerout, copious; qnum sol terras larga luce
cnroplevnrlt, Cic ; imbres, Verg. ; with genit.,
rirh iii, abounding in; opnm, Verg. II. liberal
in giving and spending, bountiful, profuse ; qui
si largissiinus esse vellet, Cic. ; plur. subst.,
largi, generous persons, Cic ; with abl., largus
animo, of a generous disposition, Tac ; promissis,
liberal in promises, Tac. ; with infin., spes don-
are novas, Hor.
laridum -i, n. = lardum (q.v.).
■ Larinum -i, n. town in Lower Italy, now
Larino. Hence, adj., Larinas -litis, of or
belonging to larinum.
Larisa (Larissa) -ae, f. (Adp«ra, Aapio-aa).
1. town in Pelasgiotis, in Thessaly, now Larissc.
Hence, a, Larisaeus (Larissaeus) -a -um,
Larissean —Thessalian, Cic, Verg.; b, Lari-
senses -lam, m. the inhabitant* of Larisa. II.
Larisa Cremaste, town in Phthiatis, in Thersaly.
III. u fortress if A rgos.
Larius -ii in. name of a hike in north Italy,
now I.ago di Como. Hence, adj., Larius -a -um,
of or belonging to Larius.
larix -icis, f. (Aapi|), the lareh, Plin.
Lars, r. 1. Lar.
Larunda, v. Lara.
larva -ae, f. (2. Lar), 1, a gl.C3i, spxtre, Plaut. ;
2, a mask, Hor.
Las, a«c Lan, f. (AS?), a town in Laconia,
south-west of Gytheum.
lasanum -i, n." (Aao-avov), a cooking-utensil,
Hor.
lascive, adv. (lascivns), lasciviously, wem-
tonly, Mart.
lascivia -ae, f. (lascivns), 1, in a good sense,
playfulness, sport i rev ess, frnlicsomeness ; hilaritas
et lascivia, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, wantonness,
licentiousness, lasciviousness, insolence; quos sol-
uto imperio licentia atque lascivia eorruper.it,
Sail. ; lasciviam a vobis prohibetote, Liv.
lasoivibundus -a -um (toscivio), wanton,
sportive, Plaut.
lasciviO -ii -itum, 4. (lascivns), to sport, play,
be sportive, wanton, to be insolent; agmis lascivit
fuga, Ov. ; plebs lascivit, Liv.
lasciVUS -a -um, 1, in a good sense, play-
ful, sportive, frolicsome; puella, Verg. ; seta's,
Hor. ; 2, in a bad sense, wanton, licentious, las-
civious, insolent, overbearing; Epicrates, Cic;
puella, Ov.
laserpicifer -fSra -ferum, producing the
plant laserpitium, Cat.
laserpioium (laserpitium) -ii, n. a plant
called silphivm, used in medicine and in cooking,
Plin.
lassitudo -inis, f. (lassus), weariness] lassi-
tude, Cic. ; lassitudine exanimari, confici, Caes.
lasso, 1. (lassus), to make weary, tire, exhaust ;
corpus, Ov. .
lassulus -a -um (dim. of lassus), somewhat
vjcary, rather tired, Cat.
lassus -a -mil, weary, tired, exhausted, faint,
languid; a, of persons, itinere atque opere
castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, Sail. ;
ab eqno domito, Hor.; with genit!',. maris et
viarnm, Hor. ; b, applied to inanimate things,
fractions assiduis lassa humtis, ' Ov. ; lasso
papavera collo, drooping, Verg.
late, adv. (latus). I. broadly, widely ; longe
lateque, far and wide, Cic ; vagari, to wander
far and wide, Caes. ; populus late rex, Verg.
II. Transf., 1, nrs late patet, Cic. ; fidei bonnni
nomeu latissnne manat, Cic ; 2, at length,
amply, copiously ; fuse lateque dicere de aliqu'a
re, Cic.
latebra -ae, f. (lateo). I. a concealment,
hiding; in quibus non invenio quae latebra
togatis hominibua esse possit, Cic; lunae, an
eclipse of the moon, Lucr. II. Concr. A. Lit.,
hiding-yila.ee., lurking-place, covert ; latebrae fera-
rum, Cic. ; latebra teli, the place where the arrow
is embedded in the body, Verg. B. Transf., 1,
hidden place, secret retreat; quum in animis
hominiun tantae latebrae sint, Cic. ; 2, a sub-
terfuge pretence, shift; latebra mendacii, Cic.
latebricola -ae, c (latebra and colo), one
who dwells in concealment, riant
lat
311
lat
latebrose, adv. (latcbrosus). secretin, in a
coiner, Plant.
latebrosus -a -11111 (latebra), full of hiding
places, secret, retired; via, Cic; pnniex, jioimin,
Verg.
lateiiS -entis, p. adj. (from late"), concealed,
hidden ; res, Cic. ; rausa, Verg.
latenter, adv. (lateo), secretly, Cic ■
lateo -ttti, 2. (connected with Aaeduru). I.
to be hid, be concealed; 1, gen., in occulta,
Cic. ; abdite, Cic. ; latet anguis in herba, Verg. ;
navis latet portu, Hor. ; latet sub classibus
acquor, is concealed, coi-ered, Verg. ; portus latet,
is screened from the winds, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to
keep out of sight, in order not to appear in a
court of justice, Cic. ; b, to live in obscurity ;
bene qui latuit, bene visit, Ov. II. Transf., 1,
to be concealed; scelus latere inter tot flagitia,
Cic. ; 2, to be concealed or safe from misfortune ;
sub umbra ainicitiac Romanae, Liv. ; in tutela
ac praesidio bellicae virtutis, Cic. ; 3, to be
•unknown; a, aliae (causae) sunt perspicuae,
aliae latent, Cic. ; b, res latet aliquem, it is
concealed from, unknown to, a secret to, Verg. ;
so res latet alicui, Cic.
later -teris, m. a, brick, tile, Cic, Caes.
lateramen -inis, n. (later), <oi earthen vessel,
Lucr.
Later-anus -a -11111, family name in the gentes
Claudia, Sextla, and PUuitia.
la-terculus -i, iu. (dim. of later), a brick,
tile, Caes.
latcrlchis -a -um (later), brick, built of
hrirk ; luii'is, Caes.
Laterium -ii, n. an estate of Qu. Cicero at
Arpinum, Cic.
laterna, v. lanterna.
laternarius, v. lanternarius.
latcsco, Ii. (lateo), to hide oneself, be con-
cealed, Cic.
latex -ticis, in. a fluid, liquid ; used of water,
oecnlti latices, Liv.; securi latices, Verg.;
frugum laticumque cupido, hunger and thirst,
Lucr.; also of wine, men", Ov. ; Lyaeus or
Lenaeus, or simply latex, Verg.; latex absinthii,
wormwood juice, Lucr.
Latialis -e, v. Latium.
Latiaris -e, v. Latium.
latibulum -i, u. (lateo), a hiding-place, a
lurking-place. I. Lit., a, of animals, quum
etiam ferae latibulis.se tegant, Cic. ; b, of men,
latibula locorum occultorum, Cic. II. Transf.,
latibulum aut perfugium doloris mei, Cic
laticlavius -a -um, having a broad purple
stripe (the distinguishing peculiarity of senators,
equestrian military tribunes, and sons of noble
families); tribunus, Suet.
latifundium -ii, n. (latus and fundus), a
large landed estate, Plin.
Latine, v. Latium.
Latinicnsis, v. Latium.
Latinitas -atis, f. (Lntinus), 1, a pure Latin
style, Latinity, Cic ; 2, = jus Lath, Latin right,
a condition intermediate between Roman citizen-
ship and the condition of aliens, Cic.
1. Latinus -a -um, v. Latium.
2. Latinus -i, m., a king of the Lanrentians,
who received Aeneas hospitably, and gave him his
daughter in marriage.
latlO -onis, f. (fero), a bringing. I. auxilii,
rendering assistance, Liv. II. a, legis, a pro-
posing, bringing forward, Cic. ; b, sutfragii,
voting, Liv.
latrto, 1. (intens. of lateo), to lie hid, be con-
cealed ; a, cxtrahiturdomo latitans Oppianictis a
Manlio, Cic ; invisac atque latitante.a res, Caes. ;
b, esp., to conceal oneself, so as not to appear in
court, Cic
latitudo -inis, f. (latus). I. breadth ; a,
fossae, Caes.; b, extent, great size: possesslohnm,
Cic. II. (i broad pronunciation ; verbormn, Cic
Latium -li, n. I. a district of Italy, in
which Home was situated. II. Meton., 1, the
Latins; jus Latii (v. Latinitas), Tac. ; 2, ^ju 1 :
Latii or Lalinitas, Tac Hence, a, Latiua
-a -um, belonging to Latium, Latin, poet. =
Homan; forum, Ov. ; b, Latinus -a -um,
Latin; convertere in Latinum, to translate into
Latin, Cic. ; feriae Latinae, or simply Latinac,
the Latin games, Liv.; c,adv., Latine, in Latin;
Latine loqui, Cic. ; d, Latiniensis -0, Latin;
e, Latialis -e, Latin ; f, Latiaris -e, Latin ;
Juppiter, as patron of the Latin league. Hence,
Latiar -aris, n. a feast of Jupiter Latiaris.
Latmus -i, m. (.Vcit/uos), a mountain in
Curia, where Selene, laid Endymion to sleep.
Hence, adj., Latmius -a -um, Latmia'n.
Lato -us, f. and Latona -ae, f. (Atjtw), the
mother of Apollo and Diana, whom she bore Jo
Jupiter in the Island of Delos ; hence, a, Latd-
nius-a-um, Latonian, Latonia Virgo or simply
Latonia, Diana, Verg. ; b, Latomgcna -ae, c,
(Latona and gigno), offspring of Latona, Ov. ; c,
Latoius and Letoius -a -um, Latonian;
proles, Apollo and Diana, Ov. Subst., Latoius
-ii, in. Apollo, and Latoia -ae, f. Diana, Ov. ;
d, Latois or Letois -Mis, f., Latonian,
Ciilaurea, soured to Latona, Ov. ; subst., Diana,
Ov. ; e, Latous -a -um, Latonian.
Latobrigi -onun, m. a Gallic people, neigh-
bours of the Helvetii.
Latona, etc., v. Lato.
lator -oris, m. (fero), the proposer of a law';
legis Semproniae, Cic.
Latous, v. Lato. • -
latrator -oris, m. (1. latro), a- tarfoer;. poet.
= dog, Verg. ___ .
lat rat us -us, m. (1. latro), o barking, Verg.
1. latro, 1. to bark, bay. I. Intransit, 1,
lit., quod si luce quoqne canes latrent, Cic;
partic. .subst., latrans, a barker, i.e., a dog, Ov. ;
2, transf., a, of men, to bark, brawl, rant ; latrare
ad clepsydra m, Cic. ; b, of inanimate objects, to
roar; undae latrantes, Verg. ; stomachus, rum-
bling, Hor. II. Transit., 1, to bark at ; senem,
Hor.; 2, transf., of men, to shout out; cunina
verba in foro, Ov.
2. latro -onis, m. (Aarpis). I. a hired ser-
vant, a mercenary soldier, Plant. II. Transf.,
a, a robber, freebooter, bandit, brigand; insidiosus
et plenus latronum locus, Cic. ; b, ft hunter,
Verg. ; c, ft piece on a draught-board, Ov.
latrocinium -ii, h. (latrocinor). I. military
service, Plant. II. 1, robbery, highway rolibtry,
piracy; a, lit., inciirsioneshostiumetlatroeinia,
Cic. ; transf., villany, roguery; quid futiirum
sit latrocinio tribunorum, Cic; b, meton,, a
Ixtnd of robbers ; nnus ex tanto latrocinio, Cic ;
2, ft game of draughts, Ov.
latrocinor, 1. dep. (2. latro). I. to serve as
ft mercenary soldier, Plant. II. to practise
robbery, piracy, brigandage, Cic.
latrunculus -i, m. (dim. of 2. latro), o
highwayman, freebooter, bandit, Cic.
1. latus -a -um, partic. of fero.
2. ldtUS -a-um(orig. st latus = broadened out,
extended), broad, wide (opp. angustus). I, Lit.,
lat
'6VA
lav
a ( fossa XV. pedes lata, Caes. ; Via, Cic ; in
latum ercscere, to grow hroad, Ov. ; b, extensive,
•,n"i/,>, farge; locus, Cic; latissimae solitndines,
< 'ucs. ; c, of persons, proud, haughty; latws ut in
circo spatiere, Her. II. Trarisf., a, of pro-
nunciation, brond ; cuius tn ilia lata noil nmn-
quam imitaris, Cic. ; b, diffuse, copious, full,
rich ; oratio, disputatlo, Cic.
3. latus -Blis, n. the side, flank. I. Of a
body ; 1, a, of men, lateris dolor, Cic. ; in the
action of an orator, virili laterum inflexione,
Cic. ; latus dare, to expose the side to (in boxing),
Tib. ; njalo latus obdere apertum, Hor. ; ab
alicuius latere iiuinquatn discedere, Cic. ; arti-
fices lateris, dancers who make pantomimic
gestures, Ov. ; b, of animals, cuius (e.qui aenei)
in lateribus fores essent, Cic; 2, esp., a, the
side, as the seat of the bodily strength, neque
enini ex te nobilitatus es sed ex lateribus et
lacertis tuis, Cic. ; b, meton. — the body ; latus
fessum longa militia, Hor. II. Of an object,
side, fiank (opp. frons, tergum); 1, latus eas-
fcroruin, Caes. ; insula, cuiusunuin latus est contra
Galliam, Cats. ; prora avertit et undis dat latus,
Verg.; 2, milit. 1. 1., the flank of an army;
nostros latere aperto aggressi, Caes. ; a latere, a
lateribus, on the flank, Caes.
latusciilurn -i, n. (dim. of 2. latus), a little
side, Cat.
laudabi' !s -e (laudo), 1, praiseworthy, laud-
able ; vita, Cic; orator, Cic; 2, good in its
kind, excellent ; vinuin, Plin.
laudabillter, adv. (laudabilis), laudably, in
a jnaiseworthy manner; vivere, Cic.
laudaru'us -a -urn, p. adj. (from laudo),
deserving /raise, lavdabie, Ov.
laudatio -onis, f. (laudo), praise. I. com-
mendation ; laudatio tua, Cic. II. 1, in a court
of justice, a testimony to character; gravissima
atque ornatissima, Cic. ; 2, a funeral oration or
jxinegyric ; nonnullae inortuorum landationes,
Cic. ; 3, a rote of thanks to a provincial governor
sent to the Roman senate, Cic
laudativus -a -um (laudo), laudatory, Quint.
laudator -oris, m. (laudo). I. a praiser;
temporis acti, Hor. ; pacis semper laudator, Cic.
II. 1, a witness K'Ao bran favourable testimony
to character, Cic. ; 2, one who delivers a funeral
panegyric, Liv.
laudatrix -icis, f. (laudator), a praiser;
vitiorum laudatrix lama popularis, Cic.
laudatUS -a -um, p. adj. (from laudo), praise-
worthy, esteemed, excellent; vir, Cic; vultus, Ov.
laudo, 1. (laus), to praise, laud, extol, com-
mend. I. Lit., A. aliqnem, Cic; landare
laudibus, Cic; foil, by inlin., exsfinxisse nefas
laudabnr, Verg. B. Esp., a, to bear favourable
testimony to any one's character, Cic; b, to
deliver a funeral panegyric over some one; ali-
qnem, Cic. ; c, to call happy, consider fortunate;
agricolam landat juris pcrii'is, Hor. II. Transf.,
to name, mention, cite, quote; aliquein auctorem,
Cic.
laurea -ae, f., v. laureus.
laureatus -a -um (laurea), croumed with
laurel, laurelled (esp. as a sign of victory), imago,
Cic; fasces, lictores, Cic; literae, bringing
tidings of victory , Uv.
"Luurentum -i, n. town in I.atium, between.
Ostia and I.aviniuni. Hence, adj., a, Laurens
-entis, I.aurentine; b, LaureutiiiS -a -um,
Laureniine.
laureola -ae, f. (dim. of laurea), a laurel
brunch, laurel crown, and meton., triumph, Cic;
prov., laureolam in mustoceo quaerere, to seek
fmne in trifles, tie.
Lauretum -i, n. (latiras), a grove bj lavrrlt,
the name of a f,pnt on the Arentine Hill, Suet,
laureus -a -um (lanrus), aj or reletting to the
laurel. I. Adj., corona, Cic II. f>nbst.,
laurea -ae, f. 1, //"■ laurel tree, Liv. ; 2, a, the
laurel crown or laurel branch, as a sign oj
victory; decemviri laurea eoronati, Liv.; b,
meton., triumph, victory; quam lauieam cum
tua laudatione conferrem, Cic
lauricomus -a -um (lanrus and coma),
covered with laurel-trees, Lucr.
lauriger -g8ra -gSrum (laurns and gcro),
crowned with laurels, wearing laurels, Ov.
laurus -i, f. the laurel or ■bay-tree, sacred to
Ajyollo, with which poets, triumphant general ,
and, on certain occasions, flamens and aiicestml
busts were, crowned, Cic. ; hence, meton., triumph,
victory, Cic. (abl., Inuru, Hor. ; now. and ace.
plnr.,'laurus, Verg.).
laus, laiulis, f. praifr, fame, glory, com-
mendation. A. Lit., ad : pisci laudem, Cic;
canere ad tibiam clarornm virorum laudes, Cic :
capere (to earn) ex hacuna re maxiinam laudem,
Cic. ; celebrare alicuius laudes, Cic ; eumulare
aliqnem omni laude, Cic. ; efferre aliquein laudi-
bus ad caelum, Cic. ; in laude. vivere, Cic. ;
alicuius laudes diccre, Verg.; hoc in tua laude
pono, / consider this praiseworthy in thee, Cic;
non laudem habet do me, he has nothing to bmist
of as far as 1 am concerned, Ov. B. Melon., a,».
praiseworthy action ; hae tantae sumniis in rebus
laudes, Cic'.; b, plur., laudes = praiseworthy
qualities; quaruin laudum gloriam adamaris, Cic
laute, adv. (lautus), 1, splendidly, brilliantly,
magnificently ; lautius res domestieas tueri, Cic. :
2, admirably, excellently, thoroughly; hodie me
einunxeris lautissime, ap. Cic
lautia -orum, n. (connected with lavo), the
entertainment given to foreign ambassadors at
Rome, Liv.
lautltla -ac, f. (lautus), splendour, elegance,
magnificence in one's manner of living ; inea nova
lautitia, Cic
Lautiilae (LautSlae) -arum, f. a place oj
the Volscians between Anxur and Fundi.
lautumiae (latonuae) -arum, f. (Aoto/z-
t'oi), a stone-quarry, Plant. ; « prison or dungeon
cut out of rork at. Syracuse and Rome, Cic, Liv.
lautus -a -nm I p.nd,i.(fromlaYo),lit.,i«w7i«?,
bathed; and hence, 1, splendid, brilliant, elegant,
sumptuous; supellex, Cic; 2, illustrious, dis-
tinguished, grand; homines latlti eturbani, Cic;
lanta liberalitas, Cic
lavabrum -i, n. (lavo), a bath, Lucr.
lavatlO -onis, f. (lavo). I. a washing, bathing,
Cic II. Meton., 1, bathing apparatus, Phaedr.;
2, water for bathing, Cic
Laverna -ae, f. the goddess of gain (just
or unjust); hence, protectress of thieves and
cheats; hence, adj., Lavernalis -e, belonging
to Laverna.
Lavernlum -ii, n. a place in I.atium, near
Formine.
Lavici, etc., v. Labiri.
Lavlnia -ac, f. daughter of Latinus, wife oj
Aeneas.
Lavinium -Ii, n. (I town in I.atium, built by
Aeneas, and named after his wife I.arinia (now
Pratica). Hence, adj., Lavlmus -a -um, and
Lavinus -a -um, Lavinian.
lavo, lavi, lautum, partic lautus and lotus,
laverc and lavatnm and lavatums, l&vare
(Aomu), to wash, bathe. I. Gen., 1, a, transit.,
mantis, Cic. ; b, intransit. lavare and pass.
Livari, tt vash oneself, bathe; cur te lantnni
lax
313
leg
voluit, cenatum noluit occidere, Cie. ; 2, to
moisten, wet, bathe; vultum lacrimis, Ov. II.
to vjashaway; mala vino, to drive away, Hot.
laxamentum -i, n. (laxo), a widening,
extending; 1, lit., gen.; 2, transf., a relaxing,
mitigation, alleviation, respite; si quid laxainenti
a be'llo Samnitiuin esset, Liv. ; laxamentum dare
legi, to release, Cic.
laxe, adv. (laxus). I. widely, spaciously, at
wide intervals; 1, lit., habitare, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
of time, laxius proferre diem, to put farther off,
Cie. II. loosely; 1, lit., aliquein vineire, Liv. ;
2, transf., loosely, without restraint ; vivere, Liv.
laxitas -atis, f. (laxus), ivideness, roomi-
ness; in domo clari hominis adliibenda cuia est
laxitatis, Cic.
laxo, 1. (laxus). I. to widen, extend, enlarge;
forum, Cic. ; manipulos, to extend, leave a space
between, Caes. II. to unloose, unfasten, slacken,
relax; 1, vincnla epistolae, Nep. ; claustra,
Verg. ; 2, to set free from ; datum pedem ab
stricto nodo, Liv. ; 3, a, to unbend, relax,
refresh, amuse; animos curamque, Cic; quum
laxati curis suinus, free from, Cic. ; b, to
■mitigate, relax, remit; aliquid laboris, Liv.;
aimoiiain, to lower the price of, Liv. ; intransit.,
annona baud multuiu laxaverat, fallen in price,
Liv. ; ubi laxatam pugnam vidit, Liv.
laxus -a -iiiii. I. wide, spacious; 1, lit,
annuhis, Ov. ; spatium, Liv. ; 2, transf., of
time, diem statuo satis laxum, sufficiently dist-
ant, Cic. II. loose, lax, relaxed; 1, lit., arcus,
Verg. ; liabenac, Verg. ; funis, Hot. ; male laxus
in pede calecus liaeret, Hor. ; janua, open, Ov. ;
tig., laxissinias liabenas liabcrc amicitiae, Cic. ;
2, transf., annnna laxior, a lower price of pro-
visions, Liv.; inilifxs laxiore iniperio habere,
Ball.
lea -ae, f. (lei>), U lioness, Ov.
lcaena -ac, f. (\iaivo), u lioness, Cic.
Leander and Leandrus -i, in. (Ati'euSpos),
a youth of Abydos who swam nightly across the
Hellespont to visit Hero at Scstos, till he was
drowned in a storm.
Learchus -i, m. (Atap\os), the son ofAthamas
and Iuo, killed l>y his father in a Jit of madness.
Hence, Lcarchcus -a -uin, of or belonging to
Lcurohus.
Lcbadia -ac, f. (\tf)d8tia), a tuwn in lioeolia,
famous fur the Oracle and Grotto of Trophouius
(now Livadiu), Cic.
Lebedos (-US) -i, f. (At'/SeSos), a town in
Ionia.
lebes -Otis, m. (.\e'/3>js), 1, a bronze kettle or
cauldron, often given as a prize in games, Verg.;
2, a metal vessel usedfor washing the hands, Ov.
Lechaeum -i, n. (Acwuoi'), the port of
Corinth on the Corinthian Uulf.
lectica -ae, f. (lectus), a palanquin or litter ;
lectica oetophoro fepri, a litter borne by eight
slaves, Cic. ; cubare in lectica, Cic.
lecticarius -ii, m. (lectica), a litter-bearer,
porter, chairman, Cic.
leoticula -ae, f. (dim. of lectica), a small
Utter ; 1, gen., lecticula in curiam deferri, Cic. ;
2, a bier, Nep.
lectio -onis, f. (2. lego). I. n picking out,
selecting; judieum, Cie. II. A. a reading,
perusal; librorum, Cic; lectio sine ulla delect-
afione, Cic. B. lectio senatus, a reading out or
calling over of the names of the senators (by the
censor, who at the same time struck from the
list the names of those he considered unworthy).
Liv.
Jfic^Rter^Tun! -lb n. (lectuq and sferno), a
feast offered to the gods, in which their images
were placed on couches in the streets, and food put
before them, Liv.
lectito, 1. (intens. of 2. lego), to read often,
to read with- eagerness and attention ; Platonem
stndiose, Cic.
lcctiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of lectio), a short
reading, Cic.
Lecton and Lectum -i, n. (Acktoc), a pro-
montory in Mysia.
lector -oris, m. (2. lego), 1, a reader of a
book ; aptus ad delcctationem lectoris, Cic. ; 2,
a person who reads aloud, Cic.
lectulus -i, in. (dim. of lectus), a small bed,
a bed, couch. I. Tor sleeping, in lectulis suis
mod, Cic. II. a couch for resting on ; a, for
reading, Cic. ; b, for dining, stravit pelliculis
haediuis lectulos Punicanos, Cic. ; c, a funeral
bed, bed of state, Tac.
1. lectus -a -mil, p. adj. (from 2. lego), 1,
chosen, selected ; verba, Cic. ; 2, transf., choice,
e.wcMe/i«;adulescens, Cic. ; femina lectior, Cic;
femina lectissima, Cic.
2. lectUS -i, in. (2. lego), a bed, couch. I. For
sleeping, a bed ; 1, gen., cubicularis, Cic. ; lecto
tencri, to lxep one's bed, Cic. ; 2, the marriage-
bed; genialis, Cic. II. a couch for resting on ;
1, a dining-couch, Cic. ; 2, a funeral couch, Tib.
Leda -ae, f. and Ledb -5s, f. (A>)5i)), the
wife of Tyndarus, who bore to Zeus Pollux and
Helena, Castor and Clytemncstra. Hence, adj.,
LedaeUS -a -um, of or belonging to Leda ; dei,
Castor and Pollux, Ov.; poet = Spartan; Helena,
Verg.
legatarius -ii, m. (legatum), u legatee, Suet,
legatio -onis, f. (1. lego). I, the sending if
an embassy; 1, the office of an ambassador, em-
bassy, legation ; lcgationein suscipere, to under-
take, Caes. ; obire, Cic ; libera legatio, permis-
sion given toa senator to travel with the privileges,
yet without the duties, of an ambassador, Cic;
votiva, a libera legatio, which had for its object
the fulfilment of a row, Cic; 2, mo ton., a, the
message or answer of an ambassador ; lcgationein
renuntiarc, Cic. ; or relerrc, Liv. ; b, the persons
attached to an embassy; legatio Roman) venil,
Cic. II. the office of legutus (with a general or
provincial governor); legationem obire, Cic.
legator -Oris, in. (1. lego), a testator, one who
leaves something by will, Suet.
legatdrius -a -um (legatus), relating to an
ambassador or legatus; provincia, Cic.
legatum -i, n. (1. lego), a legacy, bequest;
sulutio legati, Cic.
legatus -i, m. (1. lego). I. an ambassador;
legatos mittcrc, Cic. II. a legate ; a, a lieu-
tenant, adjutant, second in command to o, general,
Caes. ; b, the chief officer of the governor of a pro-
vince; legatum sibi legare, Cic; o, in imperial
times, the general or governor sent by the emperor
to take command of a province, Tac.
legifer -fera -fSrum (lex and fero), law-giving;
Minos, Ov.
legio -Onis, f. (2. lego), a. legion, a division
of the Roman army, consisting of ten cohorts of
infantry, with an auxiliary force o/300 cavalry,
altogether between 4,200 and 0,000 men, Cic. ; dims
legiones ibi conscribere, Caes. ; trans!'., a, of the
troops of other nations, Liv. ; b, an army, Verg.
leglonarlus -a -um (legio), belonging or re-
lating toa legion; milites, Caes.; plur. subst.,
legionarii -orum, m. legionary troops, Liv.
legitime, adv.(lcgitimus), 1, lawfully, legally,
Cic. ; 2, rightly, properly Tac,
•leg
314
Len
legltinius -a -urn flex). I. lawful, legal,
legitimate; dies comitiis habeudis, Cic. ; con-
troversiae, legal, decided by law, Cic. Subst.,
legitima -drum, n. legal usages, Ncp. IT.
Transf., right, Jit, proper, just, appropriate ;
Humerus, Cic. ; poems, Hor.
legiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of legio), a small
legion, Liv.
1. lego, I. (lex). I. A. to send an ambas-
sivlor ; aliquem, Cic. B. to appoint as legate or
second in command; aliquem Cacsari, Cic; ali-
quem sibi, Cic. II. to bequeath, leave as a legacy;
aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave a legacy to be
paw to the legatee by the heir, 'Cic. ; alicui pec-
uiiiam, Cic.
2. lego, legi, lectum, 3.(A.<?yw), to collect, gather
together, to pick. I. Lit,, 1, mice*, Cic. ; spolia
caesorum, Liv. ; mala ex arbore, Verg. ; legere
ossa, to collect the bones after a body has been
burned; Cic. ; 2, a, Ilia, of the Parcae, to wind
vp, spin, Verg. ; vela, to furl the sails, Verg.; b,
to steal ; sacra divum, Hor. ; 3, a, to ;xws or
■wander through a place; saltus legit, Ov.; ves-
tigia alicuius, tofollow or trace the footsteps of any
one, Verg.; tortos orbes, to wander through, Verg.;
of ships, to coast along ; oram Italiae, Liv. ; b,
to choose, select, pick out; judices, Cic. ; viros ad
bclla, Ov.; aliquem in seiiatuin, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, to catch sight of, look at, regard; oumes ad-
versos, Verg. ; 2, a, to read, peruse; eos llbros,
Cic. ; apud Clitomachum, in the works of Clito-
machus, Cic. ; partic. subst, legens -cutis, m.
a reader, Ov. ; b, to read aloud, recite ; volunien
suuin, Cic. ; hence, senatum legere, to call over
the senate, to go over the list of senators with a view
to erase the names of the unworthy, Liv.
legulejus -i, in. (lex), a pettifogging lawyer,
Cic.
Icgunien -Inis, n. (lego), pulse, or any leg-
uminous plant, Cic. ; esp., the bean, Verg.
LelegOS -Uin, m. (Ae'Aeyes), a people, scattered,
in different places over Greece and Asia Minor.
Hence, a, Lelcgeis -Wis, f. Lelegean; b,
Lelegelus -a -um, Lelegean ; litora, coasts of
Megaru, Ov. ; moenia, Megara, Ov.
Lemannus (Lemanus) -i, m. (with or
without lacus), a lake in the covntiy of the
Helvetii, now the Lake of Geneva.
lembus -i, m, (Ae'/i/3os), a small, swift vessel,
cutter, felucca, Liv.
Lemmcola -ac, c. (LemmiR and cole'), an
inhabitant of Lemnos (of Vulcan); Lemuicolae
stirps, i.e., Krichthonius, Ov.
lomniscatus -a -um (lemniscus), attorned
with ribbons ; palma, a palm-branch ornamented
with ribbons, the reward of a victor, Cic.
lemniscus -i, iii.(AT)/ii'icr*o?), a fillet, or rib-
bon given in token of honour, usually affixed to
a crown, palm-brauch, etc., Liv.
Lemnos (-us) -i, f. (Aw<>0, the island of
Lemnos in the Aegean Sea, the abode of Vulcan.
Hence, a, adj., Lomnius -a -um, Lemnian;
Lemnius pater, Verg., and subst., Lcuinius,
Vulcan, Ov. ; furtuin, that of Prometheus, who
stole fire from. Vulcan at Lemnos, Cic. ; b, Lera-
nias -adis, f. a Lemnian woman, Ov. ; Greek
dat. plur., Leiuniasi, Ov.
Lemonia tribus, a Roman country tribe on
the via Ixxtinn..
Lemovices -um, m. a Celtic people in the
modem Limousin.
lemiires -um, in. the shules or spirits of the
dead, ghosts, spectres, Hor. Hence, Lemuria
•drum, ii. a. festival held, to appease departed
spirits, on, the ninth of May, Ov.
lena -ae, f. fleuo), 1, a procuress, bawd, Ov. ;
2, she that entices ; natura quasi sui lena, en-
ticing persons to her, Cic.
Lenieus -a -uin (Arji'aios), Bacchic; laticcs,
wine, Verg. ; Lenaeus pater, or simply Lenacus,
Bacchus, Verg.
lenc, adv. (lenis) =leniter, gently, softly; leue
sonantis aquae, Ov.
lonimen -Inis, n. flenio), a means uj idlevia.
lion, mitigation, assuaging; testudo laoonun
dulec lenimcn, Hor.
lenimentum -i, n. (lenio), a mitigation,
alleviation, Tac.
lento -ivi and -ii, -ituin, 4. (lenis), to make
■mild, alleviate, mitigate, assuage, soothe, relieve.
I. Lit., stomacliuin latrantem, Hor. ; vulnera,
Frop. II. Transf., se cousolatione, Cic; ali-
quem Latum, Cic. ; desiderium crebris epistolis,
Cic (imperf., lenibat, lenibant, Verg.).
lenis -e, smooth, soft, mild, gentle. I. Lit.,
sensus judicat lene asperuni, Cic ; venenum,
slight, Cic; viiiuin, mellow, Hor.; ventus len-
issimns, Cic; clivus, rising gradually, Liv. ;
stagnum, flowing gently, Liv. II. Transf., A.
Fopulus Roman us in hostes lenissimus, Cic ;
leniorem sententiam dicerc, Caes. B. Of dis-
course, mild, calm; oratio placida, subiuissa,
lenis, Cic.
lenitas -litis, f. (lenis), gentleness, softness,
mildness. I. Lit,, vocis, Cic; Aiar in Rhodanum
influit incredibili lenitate, slowness, gentleness,
Caes. II. Transf., A. gentleness, lenity; animi,
Cic; legum, Cic. B. Of discourse, mildness,
calmness; vcrborum, Cic.
lenlter, adv. (lenis), sofihj, gently, gradually,
mildly, qu ietly. I. Lit. , arriderc, Cic. ; iter facerc,
slowly, Caes. ; collis leuiter editus, or acclivis,
rising gradually, Caes. II. Transf., A. gently,
mildly; alloqui, in a friendly manner, Liv. B.
Of discourse, dicere, Cic.
lenitudo -inis, f. (lenis), gentleness, mildness ;
in aliquem, Cic
leno -dnis, m. flenio), aprocurcr, pander, ol-
hirer, seducer, Cic.
lenocinium -Ti, n. (leno). I. the trade o/
a procurer or bawd, Cic II. Transf., 1, an en-
ticement, allurement, Cic; 2, finery in dress;
Cic. ; 3, of discourse, meretricious ornament,
Tac.
lenocinor, l. dep. (leno), to pursue the truth
of a procurer; hence, transf., 1, to flatter basely.
he meanly subservient to; alicui, Cic ; 2, to ad-
vance, promote, increase; feritati arte, Tac
lenonius -a -um (leno), relating or belonging
to a procurer, riant.
lens, lent is, f. a lentil, Verg.
lentc, adv. (lentus), 1, slowly; procedilur,
Caes. ; curritur, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, without ani-
mation, calmly, coolly, patiently; aliquid ferre,
Cic. ; respondere, quietly, phlegmatically, Cic ;
b, deliberately ; lente ac fastidiose probare, Cic
lentesco, ?>. (lenteo), 1, to become pliant, soft,
sticky ; tellus picis iiimorem ad digitos lentescit
habendo, Verg.; 2, to slacken, relax, flag ; leiit-
eacuiit tempore curae, Ov.
lentiscifcr -fSra-ferum (lentiscus and fero),
producing the maslich-tree, Ov.
lentiscus i, f., and lentiscum -i, n. the
mastich-tree (Pistacia lentiscus, Linn.), Cic
lcntltudo -inis, f. (lent us), 1, slowness, slug-
gishness, Tac. ; 2, insensibility, apathy, Cic
lento, 1. (lentus), to make flexible, to bend;
lentandus renins in uuda, must be plied, Verg,
IjCntuljtas-utis, !'., v. Lcnlubljs,
len
315
Leu
1. lontulus-a -um (dim. of lentus), somewhat
slow (in paijiwj), Cic.
i!. Lentulus-i, in. thename of one of the fami-
lies of the patrician gens Cornelia, the most
famous of the members Of which were : 1, P. Cor-
nelius Lentulus Sura, a fellow-conspirator with
Catiline; 2, P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther,
who proposed the recall of Cicero from exile.
Hence, Lentuiitas -aids, f. the family pride of
the Lcntuli (a word coined in jest by Cic).
lentus -a -urn, tough. I. 1, gen., radix,
Verg, ; 2, a, pliant, flexible; brachia, Hor. ;
lentior salieis ramis, Ov. ; b, sticky, clammy,
tenacious; gluten pice leutius, Cic; 3, fig.,
lentus abeato, remain long away, Ov. II. Transf.,
1, slow, motionless, inactive; murmur (of the
sea), unruffled, Verg. ; lento igue, Ov. ; pugna
lenta, Liv. ; lentiorem facere spein, Ov. ; 2,
a, drawling ; in dieendo, Cic. ; b, lingering;
infitiator, a bad payer, Cic. ; c, of character,
sluggish, apathetic, phlegmatic, insensible; judex,
Cic. ; nihil illolentius, Cic; lentissima pectora,
Ov.
lenunciilus -i, m. (for lembunculus, dim.
of lembus), a small boat, or skiff, Cacs.
1. leo -dnis, m. (AeW), a lion ; 1, lit., vis
leonis, Cic. ; 2, transf., the constellation Leo, Hor.
2. *leo -ere, to blot out; the root of deleo,
letum, etc
Leocorion -ii, n. (AeaKopiov), temple at
Athens to the three daughters ofLeus, who sacrificed
their lives for their country.
Leon -otitis, m. (AeW), a 'place in Sicily not
far from Syracuse.
Lconidas -ae, in. (Aewia'Sas), Icing of Sparta,
Killed uttlte defence of the pass of Thermopylae.
leomnus -a -um(leo), of or relating to a lion,
leonine, Plant.
Leonnatus -i, m. (AeoiWros), a general of
Alexander the Great.
Leontini -orum, m. (Xtovrivoi), a town on
the cast coast of Sicily. Hence, adj., Leontinus
-a -urn, Leontine.
Leontium -ii, f. (Aeoi>tu»>), an Athenian
hclaira, friend of Epicurus.
lepide, adv. (lepidus). I. pleasantly, agree-
ably, charmingly, capitally, prettily ; lepidissiine,
excellently, Plant. II. Of style, smartly, wittily,
1. lepidus -a -inn, 1, pleasant, charming,
agreeable, elegant, neat, pretty, Tor., Plant. ; in a
bad sense, nice, effeminute; hi pueri (am lepidi
ao delieati, Cic.; 2, esp. of discourse, witty,
humorous ; dietuni, Hor.
'-'. Lepidus -i, m. the name of a family of
the patrician, gens Acmilia, the mod famous mem-
bers of which were: 1, M. Aeiuilius Lepidus,
proctor ai Sicily, consul B.C. 7'J, the bitter enemi/
of Sulla, whose measures he proposed toauuul, and
thereby brought about a civil war ; 2, M. Aemilius
Lepidus, Triumvir ivithAntonius and Octavianus
B.C. 43. '
Lopontii -orum, m. nit Alpine people in Cis-
alptne Gaul (in modern Val Levcntina).
lepor and lepos -oris, m. 1, pleasantness,
ogrecahleness, charm, Cic ; 2, of discourse
pleasantry, wit, humour; sounilis, Cic.
lepos -Oris = lepor (q.v.).
Loptis -ptis, f. (AtVns), Leptis, the name of
two cities on the coast of Africa : 1, Magna, now
Libida; 2, Minor, between Hadruiuetuni and
Thapsns. Hence, Leptltani -Orum, m. the
inhabitants of Lcptis.
lepus -oris, in. and c (akin to Xayiis), 1, a
hare, Verg.; proy , aliis leporum iigiUirc, ta
labour for another's advantage, Ov. ; 2, the con-
stellation Lepus, Cic.
lepusciilus -i, m. (dim. of lepus), a little
hare, Cic
Lerna -ac, f. and Lome -es, f. (hipvrj), a
marsh in Argolis, inhabited by the Lemaean
Hydra slain by Hercules; belua Lernae, Verg. ;
hence, adj., Lemaeus -a -um, Leruaean.
^ Lesbos -i, f. (AeV/9os), an island in the Aegean
Sea, birthplace of Pittaeus, Alcaeus, Theophrastus,
Arion, and Sappho, famous for its wine. Hence,
adj., a, Lesbiacus -a-um, Lesbian; libri (dia-
logues of LJicaearchus), Cic; b, Lesbiaa -adis,
f. Lesbian; subst., a Lesbian 'woman, Ov. ; c,
LesblS -id is, f. Lesbian; lyra, of Avion, Ov. ;
Lesbisjmella, or simply Lesbis, Sappho, Ov. ; d,
Lesbi'us-a-mn, Lesbian; civis, Alcaeus, Hor. ;
plectrum, lyric, Hor. ; pes, lyric poetry, Hor. ;
vates, Sappho, Ov. ; subst., Lesbiura -Ii, u.
Lesbian wine, Hor.; e, Lesbous -a -um,
Lesbian.
lessus, ace -um (found only in ace sing),
m. a mournful cry, lamentation for the dead
ap. Cic.
letalis -e (letum), deadly, mortal, fatal;
arundo, Verg.
lethargicus -a -um (\r)0apyu<6s), drowsy,
lethargic. Subst., letharglCUS -i, in. a drowsy,
lethargic person, Hor.
lethargUS -i, m. (Aijtfapyos), drowsiness,
lethargy, Hor.
Lethe -es, f. (ArjOr)), a river in the infernal
regions, the drinking of the waters of whicli pro-
duced complete forgetfulness of the past. Hence,
adj., Lethaeus -a -um, 1, relating to Lethe or
the infernal regions generally; Lothaea vincula
abrumpere alicui, to restore to life, Hor. ; 2,
causing forgetfulness ; soninus, Verg. ; sucus, Ov!
lcthum, v. letum.
letifer -fera -fcrum (letum and fero), death-
bringing, deadly, fatal, mortal; arous, Verg.;
locus, a place on the body where a wound is fatal,
leto, 1. (letum), to kill, slay, Ov.
Letois, Letoius = Latois, Latoius (v.
under Lato).
letum -i, n. (*leo, whence deleo), 1, death;
turpi leto perire, Cic. ; letum aibi parere nmnu,
to commit suicide, Verg. ; leto adimcrc aliquem,
to .-.ore from death, Hor.; 2, transf., of things,
poet., ruin, annihilation; Tcucruiu res cripe
leto, Verg.
Leucadia -ae, f. (AtuxaSi'a), and Leucas
-adis, f. (Afi/Koif), an island of the Ionian Sea,
with a temple to Apollo (now S. Maura). Hence,
adj., LcucadlUS -a -inn, Lcucadian ; dens,
Apollo, Ov. ; more Leueadio (iu allusion lotho
Leueadian custom of throwing a man every year
from a rock into the sea), Ov. ; subst., Leuca-
dia -ae, f. name of a play of Turpilius, Cic;
Leucadli -orum, m. the Leucadians, Liv.
Leucas -iidis, f. (AevKat), 1, the island of
Leucadia or its capital; 2,= Leucatas.
leucaspis -Wis, f. (AtiWo-ins), having white
shields; phalanx, Liv.
Leucatas -ae, m. and Leucatcs -ae, iu.
(Aetwaras), and Leucas -cadis, f. a promontory
<f the island Leucadia, now Capo Ducato.
Leuce -CS, f. (Acvicrj), a, lawn in L.aeonio.
Leuci •orum, in. a people in Gallia Belgiva.
Leucippus -i, m. (.W^tt-™?). I. Myth.,
father of Phoebe and Hilairo, who were mrr'wl
off by Castor and. J'olluc. Hence, Leucippis
Lieu
:ig
lib
•idis, f. a daughter of Leucippus. II. Hisfc., «
Greek philosopher, disciple of keno the Eleatic.
Lencdpetra -ae, f. a promontory in Brut-
Hum, now Cup dcll'Armi.
Leucophryna -ac, f. (\evKo<bpvvo, i.e. with
white eyebrows), a surname of Diana among the
Magneitans.
Lcncosia -ae, f. (AevKwm'a), an island near
Paestum, now Licosia.
Leucothea -ae, f. and Leucothee -is, f.
(.UvKodea, i.e. the white goddess), name of Ino,
daughter of Cadmus, after she had been turned into
a sea-deity, afterwards identified with the old
Italian goddess, Matutu.
I.cucdtb.66 -es, f. daughter of the eastern
king Orchamus and Eiu-ynome, beloved by Apollo.
Leuctra -ornni, n. (AtOxTpa), a small town
in Boectia, where Epaminondas defeated the
Spartans. Hence, Louctrlcus -a -urn, Leuc-
trian.
levamen -Inis, n. (l. levo), a mitigation,
alleviation, consolation, solace; quod si esset
aliquod levamen, id esset in te uno, Cic.
leva:, '.-ntum -i, n. (l. levo), alleviation,
mitigation, solace; miseriaruni, Cic.
levatio -Snis, f. (1. levo), 1, an alleviation,
mitigation ; invenire levationem molcstiis, Cic. ;
2, a diminution ; vitiorum, Cic.
1. levatus -a -urn, v. 1. levo.
2. levatus (laevatus) -a -urn, v. 2. levo.
lcviciiluB -a .urn (dim. of 1. levis), somewhat
vain, light-minded; loviculus noster Demo-
sthenes, Cic.
Icvldensis -c (1. levis), lightly made, of thin
tai'irc; transf., slight, poor; muuusculum, Cic
levipes -pedis (1. levis and pes), Uyht-foolcd ;
lepus, Cic.
1. I6vis -c, light, not heavy (opp. gravis). I.
I, it., 1, as regards weight ; pondus, Ov. ; levis
armatura, light armour, Caes., and concr. — Ught-
unned soldiery, Cic ; 2, light or ijuick inmove-
menl, rapid, swift, ; ocrvuB,Verg.; hora, transitory,
Ov.; 3, gentle, soft, mild; somnus, [lor. II.
Transf., 1, //';//'', trifling, unimportant, insig-
nificant, of small value; a, dolor, Cic; perieuluui
levins, Caes. ; auditio, a trifling, unfounded
report, Caes. ; siibst., in lev! habere, to regard as
a trifle, Tac. ; b, of poetry, light, unambitious
(of love songs, etc.); Musa, Ov. ; c, trivial,
slight, Insufficient; levis causa belli, Liv.; pec-
unia Icvissima, Cic; of persons, levis pauper,
whose credit is gone, llor. ; 2, light, mild, gentle;
rcprelieusio levior, Cic ; 3, light, fickle, light-
minded, unstable, unsteady ; homo, Cic; amicitia,
Cic.
2. levis (laovis)-c (Atios), smooth (opp. aspcr).
I. Lit., 1, uorpuscula, Cic; 2. a, polished;
pocula, Verg. ; b, poet., smooth, beardless; juv-
cntas, Hor. ; scnex, bald, Ov. ; hence = youthful;
pectus, Verg. ; vir, decked nut, spruce, Ov. ; c,
slippery; sanguis, Verg. II. Of style, flowing,
smooth , polished , oratio, Cic
levlsomnus -a -inn ( 1. levis and soinuus),
lightly sleeping, Lucr.
1. leVitas -fitis, f. (1. levis), lightness. I.
Lit., 1, lightness of weight ; arinoriiui, Caes. ; 2,
lightness in movement, Lucr. II. Tninsf., 1,
lightness, levity, fickleness, changeableness, in-
constancy; levitatem aliening cxpcrlri, Cic;
levitatem insectari, Cic; 2, groundlessness;
opinionis, Cic
2. lovitas -fttis, f. (2. levis), 1, smoothness ;
speculorum, Cic. ; 2, smoothness, polish {of style) ;
Aesehini, Cie.
l^vltlr, ady. (1. leyfe), J, V.ghthj i not
heavily, softly ; levins casura pila sperabat, Caes.
II. Transf., 1, slightly, not much, somewhat;
saucius, Cic. ; aegrotare, Cic ; ut levissime
dicaui, tospeak in the mildest way, Cic. ; 2, lightly,
with equanimity ; ferre, Cic.
1. levo, 1. (I. levis). to raise, lift up, derate.
I. Lit., seattollere ac levare, Liv. ; de cacsplto
virgo se levat, Ov. II. Transf., 1, to lighten,
make light, relieve from a weight; ego le fasce
levabo, Verg. ; aliquem inctu, Cic. ; so acit)
alieno, to free, Cic; 2, to relieve, support, con-
sole, alleviate, mitigate ; curam et aiigorem aninii
mei, Cic; 3, to refresh, strengthen ; fessos cor-
poris artus, Hor.; 4, to diminish, weaken,
impair ; tidein, Hor. ; auctoritatem, Cic.
2. levo, 1. (2. levis), to make smooth, polish;
corpus, Cic. ; transf., of discourse, aspcia, Hor.
levor -oris, in. (2. levis), smoothness, Lucr.
lex, legis, f. (2. lego), a set form of words. I.
a proposition made by a magistrate to the people,
bill. A. Lit., legem ferre, rogare, to propose a
bill to the people, Cic. ; sciscere, jubere (of the
people), to accept or pass a bill, Cic ; repudiate,
antiquare, to reject, throw out a bill, Cic. ; pro-
mulgate, to publish, Cic. B. a law, legal enact-
ment; 1, a, legem ferre, to jxiss a law, enact,
Liv.; abrogarc, to rtjiml, Cic; leges duodecim
tabularum, the laws of the Twelve Tables, drawn.
up by this Decemvirs, Cic : lege, legibus, used
adv. = legally, according to law, Nep.; lege ngero,
(a) of the lictor, to execute a sentence, Liv. ; (/3) to
bring an action, Cic ; lex est Lacedaeinoniis
or apud Rliodios (foil, by ut. and Hie subj.),
Cic; b, meton., (a) law as written (opp. mores,
consuetii'lo), Cic. ; (0) law generally, including
positive ami natural law, Oic. ; 2, « law ■>•'
by a man In himself; legem sibi slatuerc,
Cic; 3, a, " rule, principle, prrcrpt ; leges
philosophiae, historiae, Cic; versibus est cerla
lex, fie. ; b, manner, way, iwture, kind; ex
lege loci, ov. ; c, order; sine lege, without
order, irregularly; cqui sine lego rtiunt, Ov.
II. A. a formula ; Manilianasveiialium vemlcnd-
oriim leges cdisccrc, fie. B. a contrail, covenunt,
agreement; lex operi faciuudo, a building ion-
true/, fie.; legem alicui scriberc, fie.; leg< ■■;
pacis, conditions of peace, Liv. ; homines ca lege.
uatos, on these terms, on this condition, Cic
Lexovii -orum, m. « people, of Gallia Lug-
dunensis on the Sctjuanu (Seine), whence II. e
modern l.isicux.
libamen -Inis, n. (libo), 1, a libation, offer-
ing of wine made to the. gods at a sacrifice, \ erg, ;
2," transf'., what is first taken, a sample, speci-
men; Ut nova servatao carpes libamina famae,
Ov.
libamentum -i, u. (libo), a libation, Cic.
HbatlO -finis, f. (libo), a libation, Cic.
libella -ae, f. (dim. of libra). I. 1, a small
coin, 1-U)lh of a denarius, equal in value to the,
as ; prov., a very small sum of money, a farthing,
a. mite ; hence, ad libellam, exactly, Cic; 2,
transf., heres ex libella, heir to the whole pro-
perly (cp. ex asse), Cic II. a carpenter's level,
Plin.
HbellllS -i, in. (dim. of liber), a little book.
I. scripsi etiam illud quodam in libcllo, Cic;
pi. meton., = a bookseller's shop, Cat. II. Esp., a,
a note-book, memorandum-book, diary ; retulit in
libellnni, Cic ; b, amemorial, a, petition ; libel-
luni composuit, Cic; c, «, note of invitation,
programme; gladiatorum libelli, Cic; d, a.
placard, hand-bill, e.g., announcing the sale ot
goods, dejicere libellos, to put off the sale, Cic. ;
e, a letter, Cic. ; f, a satire, a libel, Suet.
llbcns and lubens -enti.s, p. adj. (libet), 1,
willing, with good-vrill, with pleasure; lilents
lib
a t *
Lib
61111:10, willingly, Cic. ; me libente, with my
goodwill, Cic. ; 2, joyj'ul, pleased, <jlad, Plant.,
Tor.
libenter (liibenter), adv. (libens, lubens),
willingly, with pleasure ; libenter uti verbo
Catonis, Cic. ; nusquam libentius cenare, with
heller appetite, Cie. ; libentissime dare, Cic.
libentia (lubentia) -ae, f. (lib»ns, lubens),
cheerfulness, gladness, Plant. ; personif., Liben-
tia -ae, f. the goddess of mirth, Plant.
Libentina (Lubentina) -ae, f. (libens,
lubens), r< )i«»i<; of Venus, as the goddess nf sensual
pleasure.
■ 1. liber -era -Srtim, free. I. A. of free birth
(opp. servus), aliquem non liberniu putare. Cie.;
of states, free, independent ; civitas, Caes. ;
snbst., liber -eri, m. a freedman, Cie. B.
Transt'., 1, free, from tax or tribute; agri, Cic;
2, of bouses and places, free from inhabitants :
aedes, uninhabited, Liv. ; 3, unencumbered with
debt; lit rei familiaris liberum qnidquam sit,
Cic. II. free from fetters. A. Life, Plant.
B. Transf., 1, free from anything, without; a
delictis, Cic. ; cr.ra, Cic. ; 2, free from restraint,
unbridled; a, adolescentia, Cic; toga, vestis,
the toga virilis, Ov. ; eustodin, surveillance., con-
finement to a single house or town, Cic; fenus,
unlimited bylaw, Liv.; liberum babere aliquid,
to have in complete possession, Liv. ; liberum est
milii, foil, by intin., / am free to do, Cic. ; h,free
in thought ov expression ; animus, Cic. ; liberiores
litterae, Cic. ; 3, morally free; a, in the philo-
sophical sense, Cic: b, in a bad sense, = profligate,
■unbridled, unrestrained; turba teinuleiitorum,
Cie.
2. liber -hri, in. I. the inner bark of a tree,
Verg. II. And, as tin's was used by tlie ancients
as a material upon which to write, a book,
writing, treatise ; a, librum inchoare, eouflcere,
Cie. ; libri Sihyllim, Cic. ; 110s autem in liliris
(account books) habemus, Cic; b, a book, a
division into which a work is divided; tres libri
de. Natura Deorum, Cic; c, a register, catalogue,
Cic ; d, c< letter, Nep.
3. Liber -fri, in. 1, an old Italian deity,
presiding over agriculture, and in later times
■identified witli the lireek Bacchus; 2, meton.,
wine, Hoy.
4. liber -eri, v. liberi -6111m.
Libera -ne, f. (:i. Liber), 1, Proserpina,
daughter of Ceres, sister of Liber ; 2, Ariadne,
■wife of Bacchus.
Liberalia -bun, n. (3. Liber), the. festival of
Liber on the \~th of March, at which youths received
the toga virilis, Cic
liberalis -e (1. liber). I. relating to free-
dom ; causa, a latvsuitin. which the freedom of some
person is the waiter in dispute, Cic II. be-
coming or suitable to a freedman., noble; 1, mens,
Cic ; artes liberates, liberal arts, such as a freed-
■nian. ought to be versed in, Cic; sumptus, expenses
to keep up station and, appearances (opp. neces-
.sarii), Cic; 2, a, kind; responsum, Cic; b,
liberal, generous, giving freely, Cic ; laudis avidi,
pecuniae liberates erant, Sail.
liberalitas -Mia, f. (liberalis), 1, a noble
disposition or character, kind, friendly disposi-
tion, Cic ; 2, liberality, generosity, Cic.
liberaliter, adv. (liberalis), in a manner
becoming a freedman. I. nobly, becomingly ; viv-
ere, Cic. II. Esp., a, in a friendly' manner,
kindly, liberally; liberalissime erat pollicitus
omnibus, Cie. ; b, richly, bountifully, Cic.
liberatio -onis, f. (libero), 1, a setting free,
releasing from ; culpae, Cic; 2, <( legal acquittal,
Cic.
liberator -oris, in. (libero), one who set)
free, a liberator; patriae, Cic; attrib., liberator
populus, Liv.
libere, adv. (1. liber). I. like a freeuuxn,
liberally, Tor. IL 1, freely, uitliout restruint,
without hindrance ; vivere, Cic ; respirare, Cic ;
2, a, spontaneously; tellus omnia liberius fere-
bat, Verg. j b, frankly, openly, boldly; loqui,
Cic
liberi -Srorum and -erum, in. (1. liber), 1,
children; liberos procreare, liberis operam dare,
to beget children, Cic; 2, the. young of animals,
Plau't.^
libero, 1. (1. liber), '" set free, liberate. I.
From slavery, to manumit ; aliquem, Cic. II.
to set free from something that fetters. A. to set
free, liberate, deliver, release; te ab eo vindico
ac libero, Cic ; divinus animus liberatus a eor-
pore, Cic. ; aliquem culpa, Cic. ; aliquem pericu-
10, Caes.; obsidionem urbis, to raise, Liv. B. 1,
to set free from a debt or engagement; aliquem,
Cic ; aliquem eodein illo orimine, Cic ; with
genit. of the debt or fault, aliquem culpae, Liv.;
2, teinpla liberata, having a free prospect, free
from buildings which obstruct the view, Cic.
liberta -ae, f., v. libertus.
libertas -iitis, f. (1. liber). L freedom,
liberty(o\rp. slavery). A. Lit., 1, se in libertatem
vindieare, Cic. ; 2, a, civil liberty, as containing
certain rights ; ad usurpandam libertatem vocare,
to summon to the voting, Cic. ; libertatem eripere,
to take away political privileges, Liv. ; b, national
freedom, independence ; libertatem capessere,
Cic ; perdere, Cic ; ree.ipere, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, freedom, liberty of action, freedom from re-
straint; a, vivendi, loqnendi, Cie. ; dat populo
libertatem ut quod velint faciant, Cic; b, licence,
Cic; 2, freedom of speech, frankness, candour;
multa cum libertate dicere, Cic. II. Libertas,
personified as the goddess of Freedom, having a
temple on the Aventine Hill, Cic.
libertinus -a -van (libertus), o/.or relating'
to the class of freedmen, Cic. ; hence, snbst.,
libertinus -i, m. a freedman, Cic. ; liber-
tina -ae, f. a freedwoman, Hor.
libertus -a -urn (for liberatus), placed in
freedom ; snbst., a, "' JbertUS -i, m. a freedman,
Cic. ; b, liberta -ae, f. a freedwoman, Cic.
libet (lubot) -biiit or -bltum est, 3. im-
pers., it pleases, is agreeable; mihi, tibi, etc., or
absol., fai'ite quod libet, Cic ; non libet plura
seribere, Cic . '
Libethra (Aet'0T)0pa) -drum, n. and Li-
bethrus -i, m. (AetfSnOpos), a Thessalian spring,
sacred to the Muses; hence, adj., Libethris
-idis, f. nymphae Libethrides, the Muses, Verg.
libldmose, adv. (libidinosus), lustfully, wil-
fully, wantonly, Cic.
libidinosus -a -um (libido), full of desire,
wilful, iwanton, lustful; homo, Cic; eapcr, Hor.;
applied to abstract things, libidinosissimae
liberationes, Cic ; sententia, Cic.
libido (lubido)-inis, f. (libet), violent desire,
appetite, longing. I. ad libidinem, according to
inclination, Cic ; ex libidinc, Sail. ; libidiue,
wantonly, out of mere caprice, Cic ; libidinem
babere in anuis, to take pleasure in, Sail. IL 1,
immoderate or unrestrained desire, self-will, wil-
fulness, wantonness ; alicuius libidini adversari,
obsistere, Cic. ; libidines refrenare, Cic. ; 2,
sensual desire, lust, lewdness; meton., libidines,
obscenities in painting and sculpture, Cic.
Libitina -ae, f. I. the goddess of corpses, in
whose temple the requisites for a funeral were kept
for hire, and the. register of deaths was preserved.
11, Meton., 1, the requisites for a funeral ; pesti.
lib
318
Lig
India tanta crat, nt Libitiha vix sufliceret,
Liv. : 2, death ; mnltaque pars moi vitabii
Libitinam, Ilor.
libo, 1. (Aei'Su). I. to take away from, A.
a natura deornni libatos aniinos habcinns, Cic.
B. 1, to t«ste : jecnr, Liv. ; hence a, to touch ;
cibos digitis, O v. ;b, oscilla natae, to kiss, Vcrg. ;
2, to pour a libation in honour of a god; in
mensain, Verg. ! 3, to sacrifice, offtf t consecrate ;
iliis ilanes, Liv.; fragcin i.'ereri, Ov. II. to
diminish or in jure by taking away ; vires, Liv.
libra -ae, f. (AiVpa). I. n balance, pair of
.vales; 1, a, lit-, Librae lanx, Cic; per aes et
I i brain, aare et libra, n fictitious form- of sale used
i i making wills, adopting sons, etc.; tnereari
aliquid aere et libra, in due form, Ilor. ; b,
meton., the Roman pound 0/120?, ; 2, the. constel-
lation called the, Balance, Verg. II. a level, 0.
plummet lerel ; ad libraiu fecisse tunes, Caes.
libramen -inis, n. (libro), balance, poise,
Liv.
libramentum -i. n. (libro). I. that which
gires a thing a downward motion; a, weight,
Liv.; b, that which gives a uiissile its impetus;
tornientomiu, the thong, Tac. II. Transf., a
horizontal plane, fat superficies, Cic.
libraria -ae, f. (libra), a female who weighed
ovl tlie wool to the slaves, Juv.
librarioius -i, m. (dim. of librarius), 1, a
transcriber, copyist, secretary, Cic. ; 2, a book-
seller, Cic.
librarium -ii, n., v. librarius.
librarius -a -um (2. liber), of or relating to
boote. I. Adj., tabcrna, a bookshop, Cic. II.
Subst., 1, librarius -ii, in. a transcriber of
books, a copyist, Cic. ; 2, librarium -ii, n. a
place to keep books in, a bookcase, Cic.
librator -oris, m. (libro) 1. n leveller or
surveyor, Plin. ; 2, one who hurls missiles by
means 'of a machine, Tac.
libratus -a -urn, p. adj. (from libro), wcll-
poiseil, swung, hurled with force; glans, Liv. ;
ictus, Liv.
librilis -p. (libra), of a pound weight; fundae
libriles, slings, the stones of which v:eighcd a
pound, Caes.
libro, 1. (libra), a, to poise, keep in equilib-
rium; terra librata ponderibus, Cic; b, to
swing, hurl, launch, brandish; glandem, Liv.;
se, to poise oneself in the air (of bees), Verg. ;poet.,
corpus In herba, to stretch out, Ov. ; c, tolecp
suspended, keep in its place; vela librantur ab
aurR, Ov.
libs, libis, in. (Ai'if), a west-south-west wind,
Plin.
libum -i, n. a cake offered to the gods, especially
on a birthday, Ov., Vcrg.
Liburni -orum, m. tlie Liburnians, a people
inhabiting the modem Croatia; sing., Liburnns,
a Liburnian. slave, Juv. Hence, adj., a, Ll-
burnus-a -um, Liburnian ; subst., Liburna
-ae, f. a light vessel of war, schooner, briyantine,
Caes. ; b, LlburniCUS -a -um, Liburnian.
Libya -ae, f. and LIbye -es, f. (AiPvjj),
Libya, the Northern part of Africa. Hence, 1,
LIbycus -a -um, Libyan; fera, lioness, Ov.; 2,
Hbys -fan, Libyan; subst., Libya, a Libyan,
Ov. ; 3, Libyssa -ae, r. Libyan ; arenae,
Cat.; 4, LlbystlS -idis, f. Libyan; ursa,
Yen;. ; 5, Libyus-a -um, Libyan ; 6, Libys-
tinus -a -um, Libyan.
Libyphoenices -um, m. (Ai/3u<£oiVi/cf5), a
Libyan people, descended from the Phoenicians, in
£y:acium.
lie-ens -centis. I. Pavtic. of liceor (q.V.).
II. P. adj. (licet), free, unrestrained, iinbridleil ;
Lupereus, Prop., of tilings, liccntior aitliy-
rambus, Cic.
licenter, adv. (licens), freely, according to
one's own pleasure; and in ;i bad sense, boldly,
impudently, unrestrainedly, Cic. ; of discourse,
err.'ire, to wander on without ride or order, Tie.
licentia -ae, f. (licet), freedom or permission
to da idial one pleases, leave, licence, liberty. I.
pueris non oniiieni ludcndi damns liceiitinm,
Cic. ; tantnm licentiae dabat gloria, Cic II.
Esp., a, freedom from, restraint, licence; poH-
arum, Cic. ; verbornm, Ov. ; b, dissoluteness,
licentiousness ; eomprimere hominuin licentiain,
Cic. ; personif., Licentia, as a goddess, Licence,
Cic.
Hceo -ui -Hum, 2. to be on sale, to be valued
at, to be estimated at a price; quanti licuisse tn
seribis hortos, at what sum they were valued, Cic
liceor -citns sum, 2. (liceo) to bid for, offer a
price for; liciti sunt usque eo, cic; followed
by ace, hortos, Cic.
licet -curt or -cltum est, 2., impcrs. and in-
transit. I. it is allowed, allowable, one can oi
may, one is at liberty ; with dat. of pers. or
absol., a, with iufin., as subject, licet rogare!
may I ask! Lie; licet intelligi, one can under-
stand, Cic. ; with ace. and infin.,nos frill liceret,
Cic. ; with dat. of predicate, Themistocli licet
esse otioso, Cic. ; with ace of predicate, eivi
Romano licet esse Gaditannm, Cic. ; b, with a
neuter pronoun or adj. as subject, quid deceat
vos, non quantum liccat vobis, spectare debetis,
Cic. ; c, with subj., fremant oinnes licet, Cic. ;
sequatur licebit, he may follow, Cic. ; with per
and the ace, per me licet, as far as I am con-
cerned, Cic. II. Transf., granted, that, allowed
that; foil, by the subj., omnia licet concurrent,
Cic.
Lichas -ae, ni. (Ai'xas), a servant oj Hercules.
lichen -Onis, ni. (Atix"}*), moss or lichen, Plin.
LIcinlus -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of which were : 1, C.
Licinius Crassus, tribune of the people.; 2, L.
Licinius Crassus, a celebrated orator; 3, M.
Licinius Crassus, the triumvir.
licitatlo -onis, f. (lieitor), a bidding, bid, at
a sale or auction, Cic.
lieitor, 1. dep. (intens. of liceor), to bid for,
Plant.
licitus -a -um (licet), allowed, permitted;
sermo, Verg. ; neut, plur. subst., things permitted,
Tae
licium -ii, n. the. thrum, or remnant of old
web to whirl) the weaver attaches the new fal
telae licia addere,Verg.; in general, a thread, Ov.
lictor -oris, m. re lietor, plur. lictores, the
lictors, the public attendants of the principal llama n
magistrates, vdio bore before them, the fasces as em-
blem of their criminal jurisdiction, and executed
the. sentences which they pronounced. Of these
lictors, the dictator was attended by twenty-
four, a consul by twelve, and a praetor by siN ;
lictor proximus, the one nearest to the consul, Cic
Hen -enis, in. or licnis -is, m. the mill, or
spleen, Plant.
licnosus -a-um (lien), splenetic, Plant.
llgamcn -inis, n. (1. ligo), re siring, tie, band-
age, Ov.
ligamentum -i, n. (1. ligo), a bandage, Tac.
Ligarius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens,
the most famous member oj which was Q. Ligarius,
re member of the Pompeian party, taken prisoner
after the battle of Thapsns, and banished by Caesar,
-Lag
Hit)
Lin
nfleruYml^prirdnncd, defended by Qicero. Hence,
ftrtj., Ligarianus -a -uin, relating to.Lig'arivs ;
oratto. Cic. ; and subst., Ligariana -ae, f.
C iceros sjwc/i on behalf of Ligurius, Cic
Llgea -ae, f. (Aiyeio, Me cfeact'oitW), ttrtme
of a wood-nymph.
Liger -gens, m. a ?•£«»• on Me borders of
Aquitania and Gallia LttgdunensU, now the
Loire, (ace. Ligcrcni and Ligerim ; abl. Lteerc
ami Ligeri, Caes).
~ lignarius -ii, m. (lignum), a carpenter; inter
lignarius, in Me wood-market, Liv.
lignatio -onis.f. (lignor), a felling of timber,
wood-cutting, Caes.
lignator -Oris, m. O'gnor), a icood-cutter,
Caes.
ligneolus -a -um (dim. of ligneus), wooden,
-AC.
ligneus -a -nm (lignum), 1, made of wood,
wooden; ponticulus, Cic; 2, transf., like wood,
dry; conjnx, Cat.
llgBOr, 1. dep. (lignum), to fetch wood; lignari
pabularique, Caes.
lignum -i, n. I. wood, esp., firewood (opp.
materia, uvod used for building) ; ignem ex lignis
ymdibus in loco angusto fieri jubere, Cic ; pro v.,
in silvam ligna ferre, to carry coeds to Newcastle,
Hor. II. Meton., 1, a writing-table of wood,
Juv. ;2,= a tree, Verg.
1. ligo, 1. I. to bind, tie; aliquem vinculo,
lac.; manus post terga, Ov. ; pisces in glacie
Jigati, frozen fast, Ov. ; to bind up, bandage; vul-
lieraveste, Ov. II. 1, a , to harness; mulam,
•Hor. ; b, laqueo guttura, to tie up, to bind
around, Ov. ; 2, transf., tobiiul together, connect,
unite; dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit, Ov.
...?■ ^SO -Oni.s, in. 1, a hoc, Ilor. ; 2, meton.,
tillage, Juv. ' '
ligula (lingiila) -ae, f. (dim. of lingua).
I. a little tongue, and hence, a tongue of land
■promontory, Caes. II. a shoe-strap, Juv.
Ligures -um, m. the Ligurians, a people in
modern Piedmont*; sing., Ligiis (Llgur) -guris,
o. a^Ligunan; adj. — Liyurian. Hence, 1
Iilguria -ft, f. the country of the Ligures; 2
Iagusticus -a -um, Liyurian; 3, Ligust-
lnus -a -um, Liyurian.
ligurio (Hgurrio), 4. (lingo), i, to u c k,
li ckup; jus, Hor.;. ftirta, to feed upon, gloat over
skaltluly, Hor. ; 2, to lust after, long for; lucra,
ligurritio -onis, f. (ligurrio), daintiness, Cic.
Ligus -guris, m., v. Ligures.
Ligusticus -stinus, v. Ligures.
ligustrum -i, n. privet, Verg.
lilmm -ii, n. (teCptov), a lily; 1, lit., Verg. ;
2, transf. nnlit. t. t, a kind of fortification
consisting of low palisades, Caes.
Liljrbaedn (-baeum) -i, n. (A^v'Paio,,), a
promontory in the west of Sicily, now Capo di
Boco, with a town of the same name. Adj
a ' • Lll Y, l ><ieus -a -um, b, Lilybeius -a -um;
and_c, Lilybaetanus -a -um, LUybaean.
lima -ae, f. (limo), a file, Plant,; fig., of style,
polishing, revision, correction; defuit etscril.tis
ultima lima meis, Ov.
cj limate,adv. (limatus), elaborately, elegantly,
limatiilus -a -urn (dim. of limatus), polislied,
rejined; opus est hue limatulo et polite- too
judicio, Cic.
-J 1 ,? 1 ;" 1 ? 18 I'" 1 "'""' ft a,1 - j - Omo), polished,
refined, elegant; genus librorum liinatiu.s, Cic. .
limbus -i, m. a border, Item, sehnge, fAnni
round the edge of a- robe, Verg.
limen -Inls, n. (connected with 1. limus and
ob-hquus), the threshold. I. A. Lit, intrare
imen, Cic B. Meton., -1= house, dwelling-
limine contlneri, Liv.; limine pell i. Vers • 2
entrance; in iiiiiine portus, Verg.; 3, a,' the
start: ug-iiotnt of a chariot-race in. the circus-
limen iclinquunt, Verg. ; b, border, boundary;
extra limen Apuliae, Hor. II. Pig., « begin-
ning; belli, Tac.
limes -His, m. (1. limus), a cross path or
by-way. I. A. Lit., the boundary between tiro
fields indicated by a path or stone, Verg. B.
Meton., 1, a boundary -line; partiri limite
camputn, Verg. ; fig., a distinction, difference;
judicium brevi limite falle tuum, Ov.; 2, a forti-
fied boundary-line, Tac. II. a pathway, road;
Appiae, Liv.; acelivis, Ov. ; transvcrsiis, Liv.;
solitus limes fluminis, river-bed, Oi ; sectus, the
zodiac, Ov. ; quasi limes ad caeli aditum patet,
Limnaeum -i, n. (Ai^cua), a town in
Acarnania.
Limnatis -tidis, f. (Aidant), a surname of
Diana, as the patroness of fishermen.
limo, 1. (lima), I. to file; 1, lit., geinmas,
rim. ; 2, to whet, sharpen, Plaut. ; 3, fig., a, to
polish, finish ; quaedam institui, quae limantur
a me. politius, Cic. ; b, to investigate accurate.li/;
yentatem, Cic. II. to file off; fig., to take away
from, to diminish; alteri aflinxit, de altera lima-
vit, Cic.
limosus -a -um (2. limus), slimy, mini,
muddy; lacus, Verg.; planities, Sail.
limpidus -a -um (connected with liquidus),
clear, limpid, pellucid ; lacus, Cat.
1. limus -a -um (connected with limen and
obhquus), of the eyes, sidelong, looking sideways r
ocelli, Ov.
2. limus -i, in. (linu), 1, slime, mud, mire,
Cic. ; fig., malorum, Ov. ; 2, dirt, filth, Hor.
3. limus -i, in. (1. ligo), an apron trimmed
with puiple, worn by a priest when offering
sacrifice, Verg.
Limyra -orum, n. (Ai>vpa, i-i), and Limyra
-ae, f. or Limyre -es, f. (A^v'pa, ■!,), a town in
the south ofLycia on the river Limyrus or Limyra.
1. linotus, partic. of lingo.
2. linctUS -ii, m. (lingo), a licking, taste, Lucr.
LindOS and -dus -i, f. (AiVSos), a town in
Jlh odes.
linea -ae, f. (linum), a linen thread. I. Lit.,
A. Plin. ; linea dives, a string of pearls, Mart. B.
a carpenters plumb-line, Cic; linea discere uti,
Cic. ; ad lineani, exactly straight or perpendiadar,
Cic. II. Transf., a line made with a pen or pencil,
geometriml line. A. Gen., lincam scribere, Cic.
B. 1, a boundary-line in the circus, a starting-
point or goal; fig., si quidem est pceeare taii-
quam transilire lincas, Cic; mors ultima linea
rerum est, the final goal, Hor. ; 2, the line in the
theatre by which the seals were separated; coait
nos linea jnngi, Ov.
lineamentum -i, n. (linea), a line drawn
with pen or pencil, a geometrical line. I. Lit ,
in geometria lineaments, Cic. II. Transf., ],
pi., a drawing, delineation, sketch, outline; ii!
opernm lineamenta sollertissiinc persplcia, Cic. ;
2, a feature, lineament; corporis, Cic.
lineus -a -um (linum), made of linen, linen;
vincnla, Verg. ; lanterna, Cic.
lingo, linxi, linctum, 3. (A«x<o), to lick, Cat.
Lingones -um, m. a people in Gaul, when'ce
the modern Lanyres.
lin
m
in
IiilgUa -ae, f. a tongue, t. A. Lit., linguam
ab irrisu exserere, Liv. ; linguam ejicere, Cic.
B. Meton., 1, speech, language; linguam dili-
Kentissimecontinere, to restrain, Cic; Aetolorum
linguas retundere, to silence, Liv. ; trniisf., of
the .sounds of animals, linguae volucrtim.Verg. ;
2, a, a language, tongue; Latina, Cic. ; Gallica,
Caes. ; ntraque lingua, Greek awl Latin. ; b, a
dialect ; diseiplinis linguaque divisa, Cic; 3,
'readiness of speech, eloquence; est animus tibi,
sunt mores et. lingua fidesque, Hor. ; in a bad
sense, loquacity; poenam lingua commeruisse,
Ov. ; or boast iny, Ov. ; or bold talk, Ov. II.
Transf., of tongue-shaped objects, a tongue of
land, promontory, Liv. ; triims haec (Sieilia)
exeurrit in aequora Unguis, Ov.
linla, v. liuea.
liniamentum, v. lineamentum.
llnlgei" -gera gerum (linum and gero),
clothed in linen, applied to Isis and her priests,
Ov.
lino, livi and levi, lltnm, 3. I. to smear upon,
spread over; medicaments per corpora, Ov. H.
to besmear, anoint; 1 npiramenta cera, Verg. ;
2, a, to cover; labraalicui, to cheat, cozen, Mart. ;
tecta nuro, Ov. ; b, to nib over with the blunt end of
the stylus what has been written on waxen tablets ;
digna lini, worthy of being erased, Ov. ; c, to
besmear, dirty ; ora Into, Ov. ; fig., splendida
facta carmine foedo, Hor.
linquo, llqui, 3. (A.n'n-w), to leave. I. Gen.,
A. Lit , socio. 1 ) ignotac terrae, Verg. B. Transf.,
1, to have, give up, abandon ; haec, Cic. ; severa,
Hor.; 2, with double ace, nil intentatum,
Hor. II. to leave, depart from; urbein, Cic;
linqui, to faint, Ov. ; linquere dulces animas,
to die, Verg.
linteatUS -a -um (linteum), dollied in linen;
legio, a Samnitc legion, so called from the canvas
covering of the place where they tool;, the military
oath, Liv.
linteolum -i, n. (dim. of linteum), a fund!
linen cloth, Plant.
linter -tris, f. I. a boat, skiff, wherry ; prov.,
loqui e lintre (of an orator who sways ids body
up and down in speaking), op. Cic II. Transf.,
« trough, tray, tub, rat, used in the vintage,
Verg.
lintGUR -a -nm (linum), linen, made of linen ;
vestis, Cic ; libri, written- on linen, Liv. Subst.,
linteum -i, n. linen cloth, linen ; merces linteis
delatae, Cic; e.sp., a sail; dare lintea ventis,
Ov.
lintrioulus -i, m. (dim. of linter), a small
boat, Cic
lilium -i, n. (\lvov), flar, linen. I. Lit.,
linum tenuissimum, Cic. II. Meton., 1, a
thread, line; a, the thread with which letters were
tied up; nos linum incidimus, legimus, Cic. ; b,
" fishing-line, Ov. ; 2, a linen-cloth or garment,
Hot. ; 3, » ro/v, cable, Ov. ; 4, a net for hunting
or fishing, Ov., Verg.
Linus (-da) -i, m. (Alvot), Linus. I. son of
yf)>oMn and I'samathe, /laughter of the Argice
king, Orotojms, torn in pieces by dogs. II. son if
Apollo and the Muse Terpsichore, celelmted singer
anil poet, the teacher of Orpheus ami Hercules,
the latter of whom killed him with « blow of the
lyre.
Lipara -ae, f. and Lipare -es, f. (Amdpa),
the largest of the Aeolian islands, north of Sicily,
now Lipari ; plur., Liparne, the Aeolian islands.
Adj., a, Liparaeus a -nm ; b, Liparensls
•e, Liparean.
lippio, 4. to hare sore eyes, be blear-eyed ;
quurn leviter lippireui, Cic.
lippitudo -inis, f. (lijipus), inflammation ill
the eyes, Cic.
lippus -a -um, having inflamed or watery eyes,
blear-eyed, Hor. ; sand-blind, half-blind, Juv.
liqucfacio -feci -factum, ;!., ]>ass., linuefio
-factus sum -fieri (liqueo and fncio), to nvlt, dis-
solve, makcliquid. I. Lit., l,glacics liquefacta,
Cic; 2, to pvtrtfg; viscera liquefacta, Verg,
II. Transf., to make, weak, enervate; aliqneiu
languidis volnptatibus, Cic.
liqUCO, llqui or Hcfti, 2. (A f i'/3(o). I. /<> be
fluid, liquid ; concrescendi, liquendi, Cic. ; hence
partic, linuens, fluid, liquid ; vina, Verg.; cninpi,
the sea, Verg. ' II. Transf., to be rtear, to be
evident, apparent ; a, dixit sibi liqueiv, Cic. ; wilt
accus. and infin., cni nentrum licuerit, nee esse
deosnec non esse, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., non liquet,
(( phrase used by the jury when they declined to
pronounce the accused person either innocent or
guilty, Cic.
liquesco, lieni, 3. (inchoat. of liqueo), to be-
come fluid, to melt. I. Lit., 1, cera liqnescit,
Verg. ; 2, to putrefy ; liqnescnnt, corpora, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, to become effeminate.; vol tip tare,
Cic; 2, to melt or waste away; liqnescit for-
tuna, Ov.
liquide, adv., with compar. and superl.
(liquidus), clearly, plainly, positively; liquidius
negare, Cic
liquido, v. liquidus.
liquidus -a -um (liqueo), fluid, flowing,
liquid. I. A. Lit., odores, Hor. ; Nymphae,
nymphs of springs, Ov. B. Transf., genus ser-
monis, cic II. clear, bright, A. Lit., fonies,
Verg.; aor, Verg.; vox, Verg. B. Transf.. 1,
pure, clear; liqtiida voluptas et libera, Cic;
2, culm; mens, Cat.; 3, clear, certain, l'laut.
Subst., liquidum -i, n. certainty, Liv. ; adv.,
liquido, dearly, plainly; diccre, Cic.
liqUO, 1. to make liquid, melt, liquefy. I. Lit.,
Cic. poet. II, to strain, percolate, clarify;
vinuni, Hor.
1. liqUOr, 3. dep. tobe fluid, be liquid, flow,
melt ; toto corpore sudor liqnitur, Verg. ; transf.,
to melt auvy, pass away ; in partem pejoreiu
liqnitur aetas, Lucr.
2. liquor -oris, m. (liqueo), liquidity, fluidity.
I. Lit., Cic. II. Meton., a liquid, fluid, liquor ;
perlucidi amninm liquores, Cic ; absol., the sea,
Hon
Liriope -es, f. (Aeipio7rr)), a sea-nymph, mo-
ther of Narcissus.
Liris -is, ace -em and -im, abl. -i, m.
(Afipi?), a river of Latinm, flowing into the Sinus
Cajetanits, now the Garigliano.
lis (old form, stlis), litis, f. a contention, strife,
controversy, quarrel. I. Gen., aetatem in litibus
conterere, Cic. ; lites eorum sedare, Cic, com-
ponere, to settle, Verg. ; discernere, to decide,
Verg. II. a legal contention or controversy, an
action, suit ; 1, lit., litem aiicui intendere, in
aliqueiu inferre, to bring an action against, Cic. ;
litem habere cum aliquo, Cic. ; litem suam
fncere, said of an advocate who neglects his
client's business to defend himself, Cic. ; 2,
meton., the, subject or cause of a suit; litem in
rem suam vertere, Liv.; litem lite rcsolvere, to
illustrate one obscure point by another, Hor.
Llssus i. f. town in (lie south ofDalmatia, now
Alessio, or Issch,
Litana silva -ae, f. a forest in Cisalpine
Caul, wherethe Romans were defeated ?iy theGanls,
210 A.C.
litatio ->~iiis, f. (lito), an auspicious offering,
successful sacrifice ; hostiae majores sine litatione
caesae, [,iv-
lit
321
loc
litera (littera) -ae, f. (1. liuo), a letter of
the alphabet. I. Lit., literarum notae, Cic. ;liomo
trium literarum =fur, a thief, Plaut. ; literae
grandes, uncial characters, Cic. ; tristis(C), which
-stood upon the balloting tickets for Condemno,
salntaris (A), for Absolvo, Cic. ; literas discere,
to learn to read, Cic. ; ad nie litcrani nunquam
misit, not a line, Cic. ; Uteris parcere, to be
sparing with paper, Cic. II. Meton., A. Sing.,
litera; 1, handwriting ; ad siniilitudinem literae
tnae, Cic. ; 2, poet, for plur. literae, a, a
letter, Ov. ; b, an epitaph, Ov. ; c, a. bond,
Ov. B. Plur. literae, that which is written;
1, written records ; quod parvae et rarae per
eadem tempora literae fuere, Liv. ; 2, a,
writing, document, deed, contract; litteras con-
quirere, Cic. ; b, a letter, private or officicd de-
spatch, edict, decree, epistle; dare alicui literas
ad aliquem, to give to a messenger a letter for a
third person, Cic. ; liber literarum missarum et
allatarum, a book of letters despatched and received,
Cic. ; c, literature, letters, science, culture ; Ut-
eris omnibus a pueritia deditus, Cic. ; Uteris
tinctus, Cic.
literarius -a -urn (litera), relating to reading
and writing; Indus, an elementary school, Tac.
literate, adv. (literatus). I. distinctly, clearly,
legibly; literate et scite perscriptae rationes,
Cic. II. 1, literally, word for word ; respondere,
Cic. ; 2, learnedly, scientificcdly ; dicta, Cic.
literator -Oris, in. (litera), a philologist, gram-
marian, critic.
literatura -ae, f. (literae). I. a writing
comjmsed of letters ; a, that which is written, Cic. ;
b, the. alphabet, Tac. II. cidture, learning,
scholarship, Sen,
literatus a -nm (literae). I. lettered, in-
srribed with, letters ; servus, brawled, Plaut. II.
learned, liberally educated ; Canius nee infacetus
ct satis literatus, Cic. ; transf., otium, learned
leisure, Cic.
Liternum -i, n. a toivn in Campania, north
of the mouth of the river Lilernus, now Patria.
Adj., a, Liternus -a -nm ; b, Liternmus
-a -urn, Liternian. Subst., Literninum -i,
II. an estate near Liternum.
llterula -ae, f. (dim. of litera). I. a little
letter (of the alphabet), literulae minutae, Cic.
II. Plur., literulae, 1, a littln letter, note, Cic;
2, letters, literature, literary and scientific culture,
Cic.
liticen -cinis, m. (lituus and cano), a trum-
peter, clarion-blower, Cic.
litigator -oris, m. (litigo), a party in a law-
suit, litigant, Cic.
lltlgiosus -a -urn (litfgium), full of strife,
contentious. I. With comp. and super]., /cmcJ of
dispute, litigious; homo ininime litigiosus, Cic.
II. Of things, a, full of dispute, quarrelsome ;
dispntatio, Cic; b, contested at law ; praediolum,
Cic.
litiglum -ii, n. (l>t'g°). a Quarrel, contention,
Plaut.
litigo, 1. (for litem ago), to quarrel, dispute,
brawl. I. Gen., acerrime cum aliquo pro aliquo,
Cic. II. Esp., to go to law; noli pati fratres
litigare, Cic.
lito, 1. I. Intransit., A. to bring an accept-
able offering, to make an auspicious or accepted
sacrifice, to obtain favourable omens; alicui deo,
Cic. ; liternus Lentulo, to appease, make an
atonement to, Cic. ; with abl. of the sacrifice,
proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime, Cic. ;
litato (abl. absol.), non auspicato nee litato
aciem instrnunt, without having offered an auspi-
cious sacrifice, Liv. B. Of the victim, to give
11
a favourable omen, promise success ; victima iitilla
litat, Ov. II. Transit., to sacrifice successfully;
sacris litatis, Verg.
litoralis -e (litus), of or relating to the shore;
dii, gods of the shore, Cat.
litdreus -a -um (litus), ofov belonging to the
shore; arena, Ov. ; aves, Verg.
littera, etc., v. litera, etc.
litura -ae, f. (lino). 1, the drawing of tlte
blunt end of the stylus over the waxen tablet to
erase what has been written , an erasure, correction;
flagitio.sa litura tabularum, Cic. ; 2, meton., the
passage erased; nomen esse in litura, Cic; poet,
transf., a blot, Ov.
littus, etc, v. litus, etc.
litus (littus) -toris, n. (liuo). 1. 1, the sea-
shore, beach, strand, coast; litus insulae, Cic;
naves agere in litus, Liv. ; prov., litus arare,
to plough the shore, to labour in vain, Ov. ; in litus
arenas fund ere, to carry coals to Newcastle, Ov. ; 2,
the sea-coast, territory near the coast ; cui litus ar-
andum dedimus, Verg. II. Transf., the shore of
alake, Ov. ; of a river, Cic.
lituus -i, m. (l't°)- !• the curved staff or
wand of an augur, Cic. II. Trausf., a curved
trumpet, clarion, Cic.
livens -entis, p. adj. (from liveo), 1, lead-
coloured, bluish-grey ; plumbum, Verg. ; crura
compedibus, livid, black and blue, Ov. ; 2, en-
vious, Mart.
liveo, 2. 1, to be of a bluish colour, Ov. ; 2,
transf., to be envious, to tni'y ; alicui, Tac.
livesco, 3. (liveo), to become bluish, grow
liviil, Luer.
lividulus -a -um (dim. of lividus) somewhat
envious, Juv.
lividus -a -um (liveo), bluish, blue. I. Lit.,
racemi, Hor. ; vada (of the Styx), Verg. ; esp.
from blows, livid, black and blue; braehia, Hor.
II. Transf., envious, malicious, spiteful : diifer
opus, livida lingua, tuuin, Ov. ; oblivio, Hor.
Livius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of ichich were : 1, C. or Al.
Livius, surnamed Sulinatur, because of the salt-tax
which he introduced when censor; 2, Livius
Andronicus, of Tarentiuii, slave of Livius Saliii-
ator, Roman tragic and comic poet; 3, T. Livida
Patavinus, of Padua, the great Roman historian,
born 50 a. a, died 16 a.d. ; 4, Livia Drnsilla, the-
second wife of the Emperor Augustus; 5, Livia
Orestilla, wife of the Emperor Caligula. Adj.,
Livian; lex, Cic. ; hence, Livianus -a -urn,
Livian; fabulae, of Livius Andronicus, Cic;
exercitus, of the consul M. Livius, Liv.
livor -Oris, m. (liveo), 1, a bluish colour,
livid spot on the body; niger livor in pectore,
Ov. ; 2, envy, spite, malice ; a p. Cic.
lixa -ae, m. o sutler, Liv. ; plur., lixae
-arum, m. camp-foil oivers of every kind, Sail.
locatio -onis, f. (loco), a letting out to hire,
leasing; a, lit, Cic ; b, meton., a contract of
letting and hiring, a lease, Cic.
locellus -i, m. (dim. ofloculus), a compart-
ment in a chest, Caes.
locito, 1. (intens. of loco), to let out to hire, Ter.
loco, 1. (locus), toplace, lay, put, set. I. Gen.,
1, lit., castra, Cic. ; milites super vallum, Sail. ;
fundamenta urbis, Verg. ; 2, transf., to place ;
homines in amplissimogradu dignitatis, Cic. II.
Esp., A. to give in marriage, bestow in marriage ;
virginem in tnatrimonium, Plaut. B. a, to let
out to hire, to farm out taxes; vectigalia, port-
orium, fundum, Cic. ; agrum campanum fru-
endlini, Liv. ; with abl. of the price, agrnin fru-
mentn, for a tenth part of the produce, Liv.; subst.,
Loo
3 22
Ion
loCatuni -i, n. that which is let out to hire, Cic;
b, hence, to give out on contract; statnam faci-
endam, Cic J o, to hire out, let one's services on
hire; se, Plant. C. to lend money at interest.,
Plant. ; se locare, to yield an interest, profit;
diseiplina quae evat ab hoc tradita lot-aba t se
non minus, etc., produced no less than, etc., Cic. ;
lig., benellcia ajmd gratos, Liv. (locassint for
locaverint, Cic).
Locrl -drain, in. (AoKpoi), 1, the inhabitant*
of Locris, in Greece. Hence, a, Locrenses
•iuni, m. the Locrians; b, Locris -Wis and
-Idos; f. re Locrian woman, Cat. ; the country
Locris, Liv. ; 2, the name of a town in Lower
Italy, in lirnttium, with the name Kpizephyrii,
and also of its inhabitants, the Locrians.
loculus -i, m. (dim. of locus), a little place.
Esp., 1, a coffin, Plin. ; 2, plur., loculi, a box or
chest containing many divisions, a coffer, casket;
nummum in localos demittere, Hor.
locuples -pletis (locus and*pleo). I. pos-
. sessing large landed property, Cic. II. rich,
wealthy, ojmlent ; 1, lit., a. of persons, mulier
copiosa plane et locuples, Cic. ; with abl., copiis
rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosi, Cic. ; b,
of things, villa tota locuples est, Cic. ; annus
locuples frngibus, Ilor.; aquila, the lucrative post
of centurion, Juv.; 2, transf., a, rich, abound-
ing in; Lysias oratione locuples, of copious
rlrnpience, Cic; b, credible, trusty, sufficient, satis-
factory ; auctor, Cic; testis, Cic;' tabellarius,
Cic (abl. sing, locuplete and gen. (in Cic.
always) loenpleti, genit. plur. locupletiuin, Cic;
locuplettun, C'aes.).
locupleto, 1. (locuples), to enrich ; homines
fortunis, Cic. ; templum picturis, Cic ; transf.,
sapientem locupletat Ipsa natura, Cic.
locus -i, m. (plur. loci, single places; loca,
places connected with one another, neighboxirhood,
region). I. a 'place. A. Geu., 1, lit., omnes
copins in unum locum convenhe, Cic ; ex
loco superiore agere, of a speaker from the
rostra or of a judge who gives judgment from
the bench ; ex aequo loco, of a speaker in the
senate, Cic. ; ex inferiore loco, of a pleader in a
court of justice, Cic. ; 2, fig., locum dare, to give
occasion; consilio, suspicioni, Cic; often with
partic genit., quo loci, Cic. ; eo loci, Cic. ; so,
a, the right or proper place or occasion ; nee vero
hie locus est, ut niulta dicantur, Cic. ; dnlce est
desipere in loco, in the right place, Hor. ; b,
place in the order of succession; secundo loco,
secondly, Cic. ; loco dicere, in his turn, Cic. ; c,
position, degree, rank; esse ex equestri loco,
Cic. ; inflmo loco natus, Cic. ; loco, with the
genit., in the place of; alicui parentis loco esse,
Cic. B. Esp., 1, 1. 1., of military or pugilistic
language, place, ground, post ; locum tenere,
relinquere, Cic. ; fig., loco movere, drive from
one's position, Cic; 2, place, part nf a book;
aliquot locis significavit, Cic. ; 3, loci, means of
proof; locos nosse, Cic. ; 4, « piece of ground,
an estate, Cic; 5. a, a dwelling, house ; loca et
lautia, Liv.; b, place = town ; opportunitas loci,
Cic; c, neighbourhood; ea loca incolere, Caes.
II. Transf., lj time; a, ad id locorum, up to
that time, Sail.; b, opportunity, occasion; si est
ullus gandendi locus, Cic. ; 2, condition, situa-
tion; ineliore loco erant res nostrat-, Cic.
1. Idcusta (lucusta) -ae, f. 1, a locust;
lncustamm examina, Liv. ; 2, a kind of lobster
or crab, Plin.
2. Locusta -ae, f. a woman in Rnme, notor-
ious for her skill in poisoning the contemporary
and accomplice of Nero.
locutio (loquutlo) -onis, f. (loqnor), 1, a
epeaking, speech, Cic; 2, pronunciation, Cic.
lodix dicis, f. ft rough blanket, rug, counten
pane, Juv.
logeum -ei, n, and loglum -ii, n. (Aoyaov
and \6yiov), archives, Cic
logica -ae, f. and logice -6s, f. (Ao-ynoj, bc.
Tix'TlX logic, Cic.
loglCUS -a -uiii (Aoyixd?), logical; subsl.,
logica -drum, n. logic, Cic
logos (-US) -i, m. (Adyo?), 1, a word, Plant.;
2, a joke, jest, bon mot, Cic.
loligo, v. lolligo.
lolium -ii, n. darnel, cockle, tares, Verg.
lolligo -giuis, f. a cuttle-fish, Cic.
Lolllus -a -mil, name of a Roman gens ; hence,
Lollianus -a -um, Lollian.
lomentum -i, n. (l»vo), an unguent for the
purpose of smoothing the skin, made of bean-meal
and rtce,Mart ; a means of cleansing, ap. Cic
Londimum (Lundinium) -Ii, n. London.
longaevus -a -um (longus and ae\\m\),aged,
old; parens, Verg.; manus, Ov.
longe, adv. (longus), long. I. In space. A.
a long way off, far off, at a distance; 1, lit.,
longe absum, Cic; longe videre, Cic. ; discedere,
Cic ; longe lateque, fur and wide, Cic. ; 2,
fig., a, far off; longissime abesse a vero, Cic;
ab aliquo longe abesse, not to help, Caes. ; b,
far ; longe dissimilis contentio, Cic. ; longe dis-
sentire, with compar. and superl., by far .- longe
melior, Verg. ; lenge maximus, Cic. B. from
afar; agnoscere regem, Verg.; fig., tarn longe
repetita principia, far-fetched, Cic: II. Transf:,
of time, long, for a long time, far ; aetate longius
provectus, Cic
longinquitas -fitis, f. (longinquus). I. Lit.,
length; 1, itineris, Tac ; 2, distance, remote
ness, Cic. II. Transf., of time, length, dura-
tion; temporum, Cic; morbi, Cic. ; bellornm,
Liv.
longinquus -a -um (longus), long. I. Lit.,
1, ainnes, Tac; 2, a, distant, far, remote;
hostis, Cic ; Lacedaemon, Cic. ; e (ex) loginquo,
from a distance, Tac. ; b, living at a distance,
foreign; homo alienigena et longinquus, Cic. ;
C, standing at a distance, Cic II. Transf., of
time ; 1, long in duration, long; observatio, Cic. ;
morbus, Cic. ; 2, distant; in longinqnum tempus
aliquid differre, Cic.
Longinus -i, m. the name of a family of the
gens Cassia, v. Cassius.
longlter, adv. (longus), Jar; ab leto errare,
Lucr.
longitudo -Inia, f. (longns), length. I. Lit.,
itineris, Cic. II. Transf., length of time; noctis,
Cic. ; orationis, Cic.
longiusculus -a -um (dim. of compar.
longior), somewhat long; versus, Cic.
Longula -ae, f. a Volscian town not far from
Corioli.
longule, adv. (longulus), somewhat far off, at
a little distance ; ex hoc loco, Plant.
longulus -a -um (dim. of longus), somewhat
long ; iter, Cic.
longurius -ii, m. (longus), a long pole, rod,
rail, Caes
longus -a -uin, long. I. Lit., 1, gen., a, of
things, epistola, Cic. ; spatium, Caes. ; navis, a
man-of-war, Liv.; versus, the hexameter, ap. Cic;
with ace of length, ratis longa pedes centum,
Liv. ; b, of pewons, Cic. ; longus homo est, Cat. ;
2, esp. poet., vast, spacious; freta, Ov. ; pontns,
Hor. II. Transf., of time ; 1, gen., long, of long
duration, tedious; horae quibus expectabam
longae videbantur, Cic. ; longa mora, Cic. ;
ioa
3>3
luc
with ace, ihensls XLV dies longns, Cic;
longum est dicere, it is tedious to relate, Cic. ; no
longum sit, ?ie longum faciain, to make a long
story short, in brief, Cic. ; nihil est mihi longius,
/ can hardly wait, Cic; in longum, for a long
lime, Verg.; ex lougo, for a long time bacfc,Verg.;
as applied to persons, prolix, tedious; nolo esse
longns, Cic; 2, esp., a, of syllables, long;
syllaba, Cic. ; b, far-seeing, looking far into the
future; spes, Hor. ; poet, transf., of persons,
longns spe, hoping to lice long, Hor.
ldquacitas -atis, f. (loquax), talkativeness,
loquacity; mea, Cic.
loquaciter, adv. (loqnax), loquaciously, talk-
atioely ; respondere, Cic
loquaculus -a -una (dim. of loquax), some-
what talkative, Lucr.
loquax -quficis (loquor), talkative, garrulous,
loquacious ; 1, of persons, homo omnium loqua-
cissimns, Cic ; 2, of animals, ranae, croaking,
Verg, ; 3, transf, of things, nidus, fall of nest-
Ztftffs.Verg. ; stagna, fidl of frogs, Verg. ; lympliae,
babbling, Hor.; epistola, gossiping, Cic; vultus,
expressive, Ov.
loquela (loquella) -ae, f. (loquor). I. a
speaking, speech, discourse, Plant. II. Transf.,
1, a word; fundit has ore loquelas, Verg. ; 2, a
speech, language; Graja, Ov.
loquitor, 1. dep. (intens. of loquor), to speak,
Plant.
loquor, locfltus (loquiitus) sum, 3. dep.
(connected with Ae'yw), to speak. I. Intransit.,
to speak (of conversation ; dicere, of an orator) ;
1, lit., bene loqui de aliqua re, de aliquo, Cic. ;
ruin aliquo, Cic; pro aliquo (either = in defence
of or in the name of some one), Cic; apud (before)
aliquein, Cic ; 2, transf., ut consuetudo loquitur,
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to say; quid loquar de
militari ratione, Cic; loqnnntur, they say, with
aec. and infin., Cic ; 2, to talk of, speak of con-
stantly ; classes, Cic; proelia, Hor.-; 3, to tell,
utnttion; pugnantia, Cic. (archaic locnntur =
loqnnntur, Cic).
loratus -a -uin (lorum), bound with thongs,
Verg.
loreus -a -um (lorum), made of thongs, Plant.
lorica -ae, f. (lorum). I. a leather cuirass,
corselet, Cic ; transf., libros mutare loricis, to
exchange study for war, Hor. II. Milit. t.t., a
breastwork, parapet, Caes.
lor ico, 1. (lorica), to arm with a corselet or
cuirass ; gen. partic, loncatus -a -um, armed
with a cuirass, Li v.
lorum -i, n. a strap or thong of leather. I.
Lit., esp. for binding, quum apparitor Post-
umitvm laxe vinciret, ' Quin tu,' inquit, ' adducis
lorum,' Liv. II. Meton., 1, the girdle of Venus,
Hart.; 2, a rein; loris ducere equos, Liv.;
lora dare, to relax the reins, Verg. ; 3, a scourge,
whip; loris uri, Hor.; loris eaedere aliquem,
Cic ; 4, a leathern bulla (v. bulla), Juv.
Lotophagi, genit. -pliagon, m. (Awro^dyoi),
myth., the Lotus-eaters, a people in Africa.
lotos (-US) -i, f. (^iotos). I. the Egyptian
lotus, Plin. II. a tree growing in North Africa,
said to have been the food Of the Lotus-caters ;
transf., the. fruit of the lotus, Ov. ; meton., a flute
■made, of the lotus-tree wood, Ov. III. in. and f.
on Italian plant (Diospyros Lotos, Linn.), Cic.
IV. a plant used for fodder, Verg.
1. lotus -a -um, v. lavo.
2. lotus -i, f., v. lotos.
Lua -ae, f. a goddess to whom arms captured in
war were dedicated.
Ill bet, lubi.lo, etc. = lifcst, libido, etc (q.v.).
lubrico, 1. (lubricus), to make smooth or slip-
pery, Juv.
lubricus -a -um, slippery. I. Gen., A. Lit.,
glacies, Liv.; neut. subst., lubricum -i, n. a
slippery place, Tac B. Transf., slippery, un-
certain, insecure, tottering, perilous; aetas puerilis
niaxime lubriea atquc incerta, Cic. ; lubrica de-
fensionis ratio, Cic; poet, with infin., vultus
nimiuiii lubricus aspici, dangerous to look upon,
Hor.; in lubrico versari, Cic. II. Transf., A.
smooth, slimy ; anguis, Verg. B. quickly moving,
fleeting ; 1, lit, amnis, Hor. ; 2, transf., annus,
quickly passing, Ov.
1. Luca -ae, f. town in. Etruria (now Liiccu).
Hence, adj., Lucensis -e, of Luca,
2. Luca, v. Lucani.
Lucani -Crura, m. (Aevxavoi), an Italian
people in Lower Italy, and meton. = the country
of the Lucani, Caes. ; sing., Lucanus, collective,
Liv. Hence, 1, adj., Lucanus -a -um,
Lucanian; 2, Liicania -ae, f. the country of the
Lucani; 3, Lucanicus -a -um, Lxuxinian;
subst., Lucaniea -ae, f. a kind of sausage,
Cic; 4, Luca -ae, in. Lucanian; Luca bos,
a Lucanian ox, i.e., an elephant, because the
Romans first saw elephants in Lueania with the
army of Pyrrhus.
1. Lucanus -a -um, v. Lucani.
- 2. Lucanus -i, in., M. Annaeus, a poet, native
ofCorduba In Spain, contemporary of the Emperor
Nero, author of tlie still extant Pharsalia.
lucar -aris, n. (Incus), the money paid to actors
from the treasury, stipend, salary, Tac
lucellum -i, n. (dim. of lucrum), a little
profit, a small gam; Apronio aliquid lucelli.jussi
sunt dare, Cic.
Lucensis, v. Luca.
luceo, luxi, -2. (lux), to bebright, shine, glitter.
I. stella lucet, Cic; lucent oculi, Ov.; tapers.,
lucet, it is light, it is daylight, it is day ; nondum
lucebat, it was not yet light, Cic. II. to shine
forth, be plain, evident; nunc imperii nostri
splendor illis gentibus lucet, Cic. ; quum res
ipsa tot, torn Claris argumentis luceat, Cic.
Luceres -um, m. one of the three tribes into
which the Romans of the age of Romulus are said
to iMve been divided.
Luceria -ae, f. a town in Apulia (now Lucent).
Hence, Lucerinus -a -um, of Luceria.
lilcerna -ae, f. (luceo), a lamp, oil-lamp ;
lumen lucernae, Cic.
lucesco (lucisco), luxi, 3. (inchoat. of
luceo), to begin to shine; a, pers., novus sol
lucescit, Verg. ; eras lucescere Nonas, appear,
Ov. ; b, impers., lucescit, it grows light, day is
breaking, Cic.
luci = luce, v. lux.
lUClde, adv. (lueidus), clearly, plainly, lu-
cidly ; detinire verbum, Cic.
lueidus -a -um (lux), full of light, clear,
bright, lucid. I. Lit., 1, amnis, Ov. ; sidera,
Hor.; adv., lucidum fulgentes oculi, Hor. ; 2,
bright, shining white; ovis, Tib. II. Transf.,
clear, plain, lucid; ordo, Hor.
luclfer -fera -feruni (lux and fero), light-
bearing, light-bringing. I. Adj., 1, gen., equi, the
horses of the moon, Ov. ; 2, bringing to liaht ;
maims (of Lncina), Ov. II. Subst, Lucifer
-ferijlll, Lucifer, the morningstar, the planet Venus,
Cic. ; myth., the son of Aurora, and father of Ceyx;
hence, Luc.ife.ro genitus (—Ceyx), Ov. ; meton.,
the day; tot Luciferi, Ov. - •
lucifugus -a -um (lux and fugio), shunning
the light ; blatta, Verg. ; transf., homines, Cici
Luc
324
lud
LuciliUS -a -inn, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of wit iih were: 1, Qu. Lu-
cilius Balbns, a Stoic philosopher; 2, C. Lucilius,
horn at Suessa Aurunca, b.o. 14S, died k.c. 10.% a,
Roman knight, founder of Roman satiric poetry.
Lucina -ae. f. (lux), "she that brings to light,"
the goddess of births, a surname of Juno or of
Diana; me ton., a bearing of children, birth;
Luciuam pati (of the cow), to calve, Verg.
lucisco = lucesco (q.v.).
Lucius -Ii, m. a common Roman praenomen
(gen. abbreviated to L.).
luorativus -a -nm (lucror), attended with
gain, profitable ; so], Cic
Lucretllis -is, m. a mountain in the Saline
count/ y, part of the modern Monte Gennaro.
LucrctlUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which were : 1, Sp. Lucre-
tius Tricipitinus, successor of L. Junius Brutus
in the considate ; 2, his daughter Lucretia, who,
being ravished by Sextus, the son of Tarquinivs
Superbus, stabbed herself, ami thereby led to Vie. ex-
pulsion of the kings from Rome.; 3, T. Lucretius
Caras, a Roman poet, contemporary of Cicero,
author of the still extant poem De rerum natnra.
iucrifacio -feci -factum, ;). (sometimes
written separately lucri lacio), to gain, receive us
profit; peeuniam,Cic. ; triticimodios centum, Cic
lucrificabllis -e, gainful, profitable, lucra-
tive. Plant.
lucriflcus -a -um (lucrum and facio), gain-
fid, profitable, Plaut.
luorifuga -ae, c. (lucrum and fugio), one
who sjiuns gain, Plaut.
Lucrinus -i, m. (with or without lacus), a
lake on the coast of Campania, near Baiae. Hence,
adj., a, Lucrinus -a -um, Lucrine ; eonehylia,
Hor., and subst., Lucrina -orinn, n. Mart.,
Lucrige oysters, celebrated for their flavour;
b, Lucrinensis -c, Lucrine; res, oysters, Cic.
lucror, 1. dep. (lucrum), to get gain, to gain,
profit (opp. perdere). I. Lit., auri pondo decern,
Cic. ; stipendium, Cic. II. Transf., nomen ab
Africa, to win, Hor. ; lucretur indicia veteris
infamiae, I will make him a present of, i.e., / will
say nothing about, Cic.
lucrosus -a -um (lucrum), full of gain,
profitable, lucrative, Ov.
lucrum -i, n. (of. Xavu>), gain, profit, advan-
tage (pw. damnum). I. Lit, lucri causa, Cic;
ad praedam lucrumqUG revoeare, to turn to one's
profit, Cic. ; ponere in lucro or in lueris, to
reckon a gain, Cic; lucra facere ex vectigalibus,
Cic. ; lucri with dare, facere, addere, conferre,
numerare, auferre, as gain, Cic ; de lncro vivere,
to have to thank some one else for being alive,
Cic II. Melon., 1, the love of gain, avarice,
Hor. ; 2, lucre, riches, Ov.
luctamen -Inis, n. (luctor), effort, exertion,
struggling, toil, Verg.
luctatio -onis, f. (luctor). I. a wrestling,
Cic. II. Transf., A. a struggle, contest, Liv.
B. a contention in words, dispute,, contest;
magna cum aliquo, Cic.
luctator -Cris, m. (luctor), a wrestler, Ov.
lnotiflcus -a -um (luctus and iieio), causing
grief, mournful, baleful ; Alecto, v'erg.
luotlsonus -a -um (luctus and sono), sor-
rowfully sounding ; mugitus, Ov.
luctor, 1. dcp. to wrestle, I. Lit., fulvft
arena, Verg. ; luctabitur Olympiis Milo, Cic.
XI. A. Physically, to struggle, strive, contend
with; in arido solo, Liv.; in turba, Hor.; With
abl., Afiicus lnctatnr fltictibus, Hor.; lull, by
infin., telum eripere, Verg. B. Intellectually, to
strive, struggle ; emu aliquo, Cic
luctuose, adv. (luctuosus), mournfully,
sorrowfully, Liv.
luctUOSUS -a -um (Indus), mournful, sor-
rowful, lamentable, doleful, baleful ; a diem ilium
reipublicae luctuosum, Cic; luetnosissimum
bellum, Cic ; misera tempora et luctuosa, Cic
luctus -us, m. (lugeo). I. mourning, lamenta-
tion, especially for a bereavement ; 1, lit., a,
luctus domesticus, Cic; luctus publicus, priv-
atus, Liv.; luetum ininuere or levare, Cic;
luetum ex aliqua ve percipere or liaurire, ( ic ;
plur., expressions of sorrow ; in inaxinios luctus
incidere, Cic; b, mourning apparel, mourning;
erat in luctu senatus, Cic ; 2, melon., the cause
of sorrov) ; tu . . . luctus eras levior, Ov. II.
personif., Luctus, the. god of mourning, Verg.
lUClibratlO -onis, f. (lucuhrn), 1, working
by night or lamp-light, nocturnal study ; vix digna
lucubratione anicularum, to be. told by old toives
while spinning at night, Cic; plur., lucu bra tiones
detraxi et meridiationes addidi, Cic; 2, melon.,
that which is produced by lamp-light, a lucubra-
tion; hicubrationein meam perire, Cie.
lucubro, 1. (lux). I. Intransit., to work by
night; inter lucubrantes ancillns sedere, Liv.
II. Transit., to produce by night, to compose id
night; parvum opusculum, Cic
luciilente, adv. (luculentus), excellently, ad-
mirably, splendidly ; a, opus texere, Cic;
ironic, calefacere, Cic. ; b, of style, excellently ;
scribere, dicere, Cic.
liiciilenter, adv. (luculentus), excellently,
well; Graece luculenter scire, Cic.
luculentus -a -um (lux). I. full of light,
bright; eaminus, Cic. II. Transf, distin-
guished, splendid, excellent; a, of outward ap-
pearance, forma, Ter. ; b, of importance, extent,
plaga, Cic. ; patrimonium, Cic ; c, of reputat ion,
auctor, Cic; d, of style, oratio, .Sail.; verbis
luculentioribus, Cic.
Lucullus -i, m. the name of a family of the
gens Licinia. The most distinguished of the
J.ucidli was L. Licinius Lucullus, general against
Mithridates, notorious for his riches and lavish
expenditure. Adj., 1, Lucullanus -a -inn ;
2, Luculleus a -um ; 3, Lucullianus
-a -um, Lucullan.
luculus -i, in. (dim. of Incus), a little grove,
Suet.
Luciimoand syncop.,Lucmd >r Lucmon
-onis, m. (Etruscan Lauchme); plur., Lucu -
moiics, the magnates of F.truria, who were also
priests, an Etrurian prince and priest; galeritus
Lucmon —an Etrurian, Prop.
1. luCUS -i, m. a sacred grove, consecrated
wood, Cic ; poet., a. wood, Verg.
2. lucus -u, m. (= lux), light, Ter.
ludia -ae, f. (ludius), 1, an actress or female
dancer. Mart. ; 2, a, gladiator's wife, Juv.
ludlbrium -ii, n. (ludo), derision, mockery,
sport, jest. I. Lit., alicui esse ludibrio, Cic;
per ludibrium auditi dimissique, heard and
dismissed with scorn, Hor. II. a laughingstock,
plaything ; is ludibrium verius quam comes,
Liv. ; fortunac, Cic ; ludibria ventis, Verg.
ludibundus -a -um (ludo), 1, playful,-
sportive, Liv. ; 2, transf., playing, i.e., with ease,
without difficulty or danger; coelo sercno in
Itallam hulibundi pervenimus, Cie.
ludicer and ludlcrus -era- crum (Indus),
done for sport or recreation, serving us spoit or
lud
325
lup
recrca.tion, playful, sportive. I. Ailj., 1, gen.,
seraio, Cic ; am ludicra arinorum, Cic. ; 2, esp.,
relating to the. stage ; rts, acting, Cic. II. Subst.,
ludlcrum -i, n. 1, gen., a plaything, Cat. : 2,
esp., a theatrical performance, public spectacle, Liv.
ludificatio -onis, f. (ludiflco), a muling
game of deriding, deceiving; quuin (Pinni mora,
ludilicationc, calumnia, seuatus auctoritas im-
pediretur, Cic.
ludificator -Oris, m. (ludifrco), one who
makes game of another, a deridvr, Plant.
ludifiCO, 1. (ludus and faeio), to make game
of, make a mock of, deride, cheat, cozen ; aliqucm,
Sail. ; absol., Cic.
ludiflcor, 1. del), (ludus and faciei). I.
to make game of, make a mock of, deride, delude,
cheat ; aliquem, Liv. ; absol., Cic. II. Trans f.,
to make vain, frustrate by cunning; ea quae
licstes agercut, Liv.
ludimagister -tri, m. a schoolmaster, Cic.
ludio -onis, in. a pantomimic actor, Liv.
ludlUS -Ti, m. 1, a pantomimic actor or
dancer, Cic. ; 2, a glailiator, Jnv.
ludo, lflsi, ltisum, 3. to play. I. Intransit.,
A. Lit., alca, Cic. ; troclio, Hor. B. Transf., 1,
to play, sport, toy; exempla honesta ludendi,
Cic ; in numeruni, to dance, Verg. : 2, to sport,
amuse oneself; lnsisti satis, Hor. II. Transit.,
to play. A. Gen., proelia latronnm, chess, Ov. ;
ludum iusolentem ludere, Hor. B. 1, to do for
amusement, amuse oneself with doing, to play
with; opus, Hor.; causain illani disputationem-
pne, Cic ; 2, a, to rally, banter; aliquem, Cic. ;
b, to deceive, delude, Cic.
ludus -i, in. a game, sport, pastime. I. Lit.,
I, ludus campcstris, Cic. ; novum sibi aliquem
excogitant in otio ludum, Cic. ; dare ludum
alicui, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, ludi, public games or
spectacles celebrated in honour of the gods; ludus
lacere, to give, celebrate, Cic. ; ludis, at the time of
the games, Cic. ; ludos coinmittere, to begin the
games, Cic; b, a satire; in Naevii ludo, Cic.
II. Transf., A. a game, a chilli's game, a trifle ;
ilia peidisccre ludus esset, Cic. B. a sport,
jest, joke; per ludum et.jocuui, Cic. C. a place
where the body or mind is exercised, a school;
gladiatorius, for training gladiators; esp., a
school for learning the elements of knowledge, Cic;
ludus literarum, Liv. ; ludum habere, to keep a
school, Cic. (archaic form loedus, Cic).
luela (luclla) -ae, f. Quo), punishment,
expiation, Lucr.
lues -is, f. (Iuo), a plague, pestilence, con-
tagious disease, Verg. ; transf., a, a word of
reproach for criminals, pest, plague, Cic. ; b,
any wide-spreading or universal calamity, destruc-
tion, tear, Tac. ; earthquake, tempest, Tac.
Lugdunum -i, n. town on the north border
of Gallia N'arbonensis and Gallia Lugduncnsis
(now Lyons). Adj., Lugdunensis -e.
lugeo, luxi, luctum, 2. I. Intransit,, t»
mviirn, be in mourning (as shown by cries and
outward .signs, while macrco = fo be dejected);
lugct senatus, Cic; lugere pro aliquo, Cic;
cam pi lugciitcs, places of mourning (of the lower
world), Verg. II. Transit., to bewail, lament,
deplore, to wear mourning for ; matronae annum,
ut parentem, enm luxerunt, Liv.; aliquem,
Cic; mortem alicnius, Cic
lugubre, adv. (Ingubris), mournfully, plain-
(tarty, Verg.
lugubris ■(• (lugeo), relating to mourning,
mournful I. Lit.,lamentatio,/oi'</iei7<x!d, Cic;
dumus, a house of mourning, Liv. Subst., lu-
gubria -luni, n. mourning attire, Oy. JI. 1,
causing mourning; bellum, Hor.; 2, doleful,
pluiutive ; verba, Ov.
lumbus -i, m. the loin, Cic.
lumen -nil's, n. (for lucmen, from luceo),
light. I. Lit., A. Gen., tabulae collocate in bono
lumine, in a good light, Cic. ; lumen solis, Cic;
B. 10sp. 1, a light, lamp, taper ; lumini oleum in-
stillare, Cic; sub luiuiua prima, at twilight,
Cic; 2, the light of day, day; lumine quarto,
Verg.; 3, the light of life, life; relinquere, Verg. ;
4, the light of the eye. the eye ; luminibusauiissis,
being blind, Cic; eaeeitas luiuinis, Cic; lumina
delixa teuere in aliqua re, Ov. ; 5, light in a
house; lumiiiibus obstruere, to block up light by
building, Cic. C. Melon., an ojicning through
which light can enter ; 1, duo lumina ab animo
ad oculos perforata nos habere, Cic. ; 2, a
window, Cic II. Fig., 1, light, clearness, in-
sight; ordo maxime est, qui memoriae lumen
atfert, Cic ; 2, a light, a remarkable excellence,
glory, ornament; Corinthus totius Graeclae
lumen, Cic; lumina civitatis, Cic.
lumlndre -aris, n. (lumen), a window-shutter,
window; plur. Cic.
lumlnosus -a -urn (lumen), full of light ; of
discourse, bright, luminous, Cic
1- luna -ac, f. (for luciia, from luceo). I. tlie
moon. A. Lit., plena, full moon, Caes. ; ortus
aut obitus lunue, Cic ; lunae defectus, Cic. ;
laborans, tlie moon in eclipse, Jnv. ; quarta luna,
the fourth day after new moon, Cic; luna crescit,
Cic. B. Melon., 1, the night; roscida, Verg.;
2, a half-moon, an ivory ornament in the shape
of a half-moon, worn by Roman senators on their
shoes, Juv. II. l'ersonif., Luna, the goddess of
the Moon, afterwards identified with Diana.
2. Luna -ae, f. tmen on the borders of Liguria .
and Etruria. Hence, adj., LCnensis -e, of Luna. I
lunaris -O (luna), 1, relating to the moon,
lunar; cursus.Cic; 2, like the moon; cornua.Ov.
luno, 1. (luna), to bend into a crescent or half-
moon; arcuni, Ov. Partic, lunatus -a -urn,
bent into a crescent, half-moon or. sickle-shaped ;
peltae Amazonidum, Verg.
1. liio, liii, 3. (Aouw), to wash.
2. Iuo, liii, liiiturus, 3. (Aiiu), to loose; transf.,
1, to expiate, atone for ; stupruiu voluntaria
morte, Cic; 2, to pay ; luere poenam or poenas,
to suffer punishment, pay a penally for ; itaque
inei peccati Iuo poenas, Cic. ; poenam pro
caede, Ov.
lupa -ae, f. (lupus), 1, a she-wolf, Liv. ; 2, a
prostitute, Cic.
lupanar -aris, n. (lupa), a brothel, Juv.
lupatus -a -uni (lupa), provided with wolfs
teeth — i.e., iron spikes; frena, Hor. Hence,
lupati -drum, in. and lupata -urura, n. a
curb with jagged spikes, Verg.
Lupercal -cfilis, n. (Lupercus). I. a grotto
on tlie Palatine Hill, sacred to Pan or Lupercus,
Verg. II. Plur., Lupercalia -iuni, the festival
of Pan or Lupercus, celebrated in February.
Lupercus -i, m. (lupus and arcco), " th«
keeper off of wolves," 1,'an old Italian deity, pro-
tector of flocks against wolves, sometimes identified
with the Arcadian Pan ; 2, a priest of Lupercus,
Cic
Lupia -ae, m. a river in North-west Ger-
many, now the Lippe.
lupinus -a -um (lupus), of or relating to a
waif, wolfish. I. Adj., libera, Cic II. Subst.,
lupmum -i, u. and lupinus -i, m, the lupine
(Lupinus albus, Linn.), used on the stage in-
stead of coin ; nee tamei) ignorat quid distent
acrn lupinis, K^ . .-...
lup
326
Lya
lupus -i, in. (Ai'«<k), a wolf. I. Lit., genus
acre luporuin atque canuin, Vei'g. ; prov., lupus
in fibula, talk of the devil, and he'll appear, Cic;
Ji«c urget lupus, liau cauis angit, to be between
two fires, Hor. II. Transf., 1, a voracious fish,
the pike, Hor. ; 2, a, a horse's bit lotth jagged
points, Ov. ;.b, a hook; ferrei, Liv.
• lurco -onis, m. a glutton, gormandizer, Plaut.
• luridus -a -um, pale, yellow, livid, lurid,
ghastly, deadly pale. I. Lit, pallor, Ov.; dentes,
Hor.; sulfur, Ov. II. Transf., producing pale-
iicss ; honor, Ov. ; acorn ta, Ov.
luror -oris, m. ghastliness, deathly paleness,
Lucr.
. luscima -ae, f. the nightingale, Hor.
lusciniola -ae, f. (dim. of luscinia), a little
nightingale, Plaut.
1. luscmus -a -urn (luscus), one-eyed, Plin.
,' 2. Luscmus, C. Fabricius, v. Fabricius.
lusciosus and luscitiosus>a -urn (luscus),
purbliwl, dun-sighted, Plant.
lUSCUS -a -uin, 1, hollow-eyed, blind; statua,
Juv. ; 2, one-eyed, Cic. ; dux, Hannibal, Juv.
liisio -onis, f. (ludo), a playing, sport ; lusio
pilae, Cic.
Lusitania -ae, f. the country of the Lusilani,
between the Durius and the Tagits; the modern
Portugal, with a part of the modern Spain. Hence,
adj., Lusitanus -a -um, Lusilanian.
lusito, 1. (intens. of ludo), ro play, sport,
PI a lit.
Luslus -Ii, m. a ricer of Arcadia.
lusor -oris, in. (ludo). I. one that plays, a
player, Ov. II. a, a playfvl or wanton writer;
lonerorum lusor anioium, Ov. ; b. a mocker,
Plaiit._
lusorfus -a -um (lusor), relating to play, Plin.
lUStrallS -c (2. lustrum). I. relating to
expiation, or atonement, expiatory, atoning;
sacrificium, Liv.; exta, Verg. II. 'relating to a
period of Jive years (because of the quinquennia]
expiatory sacrifice at Rome), Tac.
lUStratlO -onis, f. (lustro), 1, a purification
by sacrifice, expiation,; lustrationii. saero peracto,
Liv.; 2, a. going round, going over, traversing,
■■wandering ; niunicipioruin, Cic; solis, Cic.
lustro. 1. (connected with lnceo). I. to
male bright, illumine. A, sol cuncta sua luce
lustrat ct coinplet, Cic B. 1, to look at, regard,
observe, examine; quae sit me circuin copia,
lustro, Verg.; alicuiua vestigia, Ver^. ; 2, to
wander over, traverse, jmss through ; Aegyptum,
Cic; nequor navibus, Verg. II. to \mrify,
'haute by sacrifices. A. Lit., populum, exe'r-
citum, Cic. B. Meton. 1, to reviev), muster
an army (when a sacrifice was offered); exer-
ci turn, Cic. ; 2, to go round, dance round, encircle ;
aliquem choreis, Verg.
1. lustrum -i, n. (luo or lavo). I. a bog,
morass, Varr. II. Transf., 1, the den or lair of
u wild beast ; ferarum, Very. ; 2, a wood, forest,
Verg. ; 3, a brothel, Cic.
•-'. lustrum -i, ii. (connected with 2. luo).
I. an expiatory sacrifice, offered every five years
by the censors at the close of the census on behalf
of the Roman, people, at, which an, ox, sheep, and
sow were sacrificed ; lustrum condere, to offer the
expiatory sacrifice, Cic. ; sub lustrum ceuscri, to
be enrolled near the end of the census, Cic. II.
Meton., a period of five years, a lustre; octavuni
claudere lustrum, Hor.
lusus -fi, in. (ludo). I. (i playing, game,
sport ; trigon, Hor. II. Transf., sport, amuse-
ment, trifling; 1, per lugum atque Jasciviam,
Liv. ; 2. dalliance, Qy,
Lutatius -a -um, name of a llomuii gens, v.
Catulus.
Juteolus -a -um (dim. of luteus). yellowish;
callha, Verg.
Lutctia (Piirislonun) -ae, f. town in Gallia
LugduncHsis (now Paris).
1. luteus -a -um (lutum) ; a, of the colour of
tin- plant Intum, yellow, saffron-yellow ; Aurora,
Verg. ; b, rose-coloured; soccus, Cat.
2. luteus -a -uin (liifum), 1, of mud or clay,
Ov. ; transf., worthless; negotiuin, a trifle, Cic ;
2, dirty, covered with dirt ; Vulcanus, .In v.
luto, 1. (latum), to besmear with mud or dirt,
Mart.
lutiilentus -a mm (latum), 1, muddy,
dirty; sus, Hor.; humus erat lutuleuta vino,
Cic; amnis.Ov.; 2, hg.,filUiy, dirty; homo, Cic. ;
vitia, Cic; esp., of style, turbid, impure, Hor.
1. lutum -i, n. I. a plant used fir dyeing
yellow, dyers' weed, weld, Verg. II, Meton.,
yellow colour, Verg.
2. lutum -i, n. (\vu>). I. mud, mire, dirt;
volutari in Into, Cic; crates luto coutegere,
Caes. ; prov., in luto esse, haerere, to stick in the
mud, be in great perplexity, Plant., Ter. ; used as
a term of reproach, filthy fellow, scum of the
earth, Cic. II. loam, clay; caementa interlita
luto, Liv.
lux, lucis, f. light (root LUC, Gk. Ai-'k-ij). I.
A. Lit., 1, gen., solis, Cic; lunae, Verg. ; lychn-
oruin, Cic; 2, esp., daylight, day; cum prima
luce, prima luce, as soon as it was day, Cic. ;
ante lucem, Cic ; ad lucem, in the morning, Cic;
luce or luci, by day, by daylight, Cic ; meton., a
day; centesima lux ab interitu P. Clodii, Cic'.
B. Trans!'., 1, a heavenly body, Cic. ; 2, the light
(of life) ; a, in lucem edi, Cic. ; b, meton., life;
corpora luce carentum, Vei'g. ; 3, the eye, eye-
sight, Ov. II. Transf., the light; 1, publicity,
the public view, the. sight if men ; res occultas
in lucem proferrc, Cic ; Isocratcs luce forensi
caruit, Cic ; 2, light, illustration, elucidation :
historia testis temporuin, lux veritatis, Cic ; 3,
light, help, succour; lucem nflerre reipublieae,
Cic; 4, light, ornament; haec urbs, lux orbis
terrarum, Cic
luxor, 1. dep. (luxus), to riot, revel, Plant.
luxuria -ae. f. ami luxuries -ei, f. (luxus).
I. Lit., of plants, ra ulness, exuberant or luxuriant
growth; segetum, Verg. ; li^., Cic II. Transf.,
excess, prodigality, dissipation-, riotous living,
luxury; a, odit populus Romanus privataiu
luxuriam, publicam magnificentiam diligit,
Cic. ; b, unbridled insolence, Liv.
luxurio, l. and luxurior, 1. dep. I. to
be luxuriant, rank, abundant in growth ; humus,
seges, Ov. ; transf., a, of animals, to be playful,
sportive, wanton; ludlt et in pratis luxuriatquc
pecus, Ov.; b, to be exuberant, abound in ; faciein
decet deliciis luxuriarc novis, Ov. ; to swell,
increase; membra, Ov. II. Transf., to be luxu-
rious, run riot, be dissolute; ne luxuriarent
olio ai.imi, Liv. ; Capua luxurians felicitate, Cic
luxiiridse, adv. (luxuriosus), luxuriously,
voluptuously; vivero, Cic
luxuriosus -a -um (luxuria). I. luxuriant
in growth; frumenta, Cic II. Fig., a, im-
moderate, excessive ; laetitia, Liv.; amor, Ov. ;
b, luxurious, dissolute, prodigal; nihil luxuri-
osius (honiino illo), Cic
1. luxus -a -um (Ao£o;), dislocated; pes,
Sail.
2. 1UXUS -us, in. 1, lueueii, ileliiiinliery, ser.s-
uul rxeess, revelling, Cic ; 2, splendour, Verg.
Lyaeus -i, m. (Avalo?), the releaser from care,
su r ii" me of Bacchus ; pater Lyaeus, Verg.jifletqn-
Lye
327
Mac
wine; uda Lyaei tempera, Hor. ; attrib., latex
Lyaeus, Verg.
Lycaeus -i, m. (Xvkohov), a mountain in
Arcadia, sacred to Jupiter and Pan, Adj.,
Lycaeus -a -urn, Lycaean.
Lycambes -ae, in. (AvKd/x/3r)s), a Theban
who, for refusing his daughter in marriage to
ArchUochus, was attacked by the poet in such
sarcastic veiscs that he and his daughter hanged
themselves. Hwice, adj., Lycambeus -a -uin,
Lycambean.
Lycaon -ouis, in. (AuKacoe), king of Arcadia,
transformed by Jupiter into a wolf, father of
Callisto. Hence, a, adj., Lycaomus -a -urn ;
Aretos, Callisto, as a constellation, Ov. ; whence
nxis, the northern sly, Ov. ; b, Lycaonis -Idis,
f. Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, Ov.
Lycaones -tun, m.{XvKa.ova),theLycaonians,
a people in Asia Minor betiveen Cappadocia,
Cilicia, and Pisidia. Hence, adj., Lycaonlus
-a-um, Lycaonian. Subst, Lycaonia -ae, f.
the country of the Lycaones.
Lyceum -i, n. and Lycium -ii, n. (\vnaov),
1, a gymnasium at Athens, at which Aristotle
taught ; 2, a gymnasium with a library in Cicero's
Tusculan villa.
lychnucus -i, m. (a.vxpoCx°0> n lamp-stand,
candelabrum, Cic.
lychnus -i, in. (,Wx l '°s)> a lamp, Cic.
Lycia -ae, f. (Avi«'a), a country of Asia Minor
between •Carta and Pamphylia; hence, adj.,
Lycius -a -uin, Lycian ; deus, Apollo, Prop.;
Bortes, the oracle of Apollo at Patara, Verg. ;
hasta, of the Lycia n king Sarpcdon, Ov. ; subst.,
Lycii -orom, in. the Lycians.
Lycium = Lyceum (q.v.).
Lycomedcs -is, ra. (AvKo^Srn), king of the
island of Scyros, where Achilles hid himself in
female attire.
Lycophron -plirduis, m. (XvKoippiav), a Greek
tragic poet of Chulcis in. Euboea.
Lycorias -Mis, f. (AuKopias), daughter of
Kerens and Doris, a sca-uymph.
Lycoris -Idis, f. a freed woman of Volumnius
Eulrapelus, the mistress of the triumvir AntonUis
and of the poet L. Cornelius Callus.
Lycormas -ae, m. (Au/cdp/jas), a river in
Aetolia.
LyctUS (-OS) -i, f. (Au'ktos), a town in Crete.
Adj., Lyctius -a -11111 = Cretan, Verg.
Lycurgus -i, in. (Ai>«oOpv"s). I. Myth.,
son, of Dryas, king of the Edoui in Thrace, wlvo
prohibited the worship of Bacchus among his sub-
jects. II. Myth., sunofAleusand Xcucru, father
of Ancaeus, king in Arcadia ; hence, Ljfcurg-
Ides -ae, in. = Ancaeus, Ov. III. Hist, an
Athenian orator, famed for his severity ; hence
Lycurgei -orum. m. (AvKoJpye«u) = strict, in-
flexible citizens. IV. Hist., the celebrated Spartan
legislator.
Lycus (-os) -i, m. (Av'kos), name of several
rivers; 1, a river in Paphlagonia, flowing into
the Pontus Euxinus, near Jhraelea (now Turak);
2, a river in Phrygia, flowing into the Mae'-
ander.
Lydia -ae, A (AuSia), a country of Asia Minor,
from which according to the legend the Etruscans
originally came; hence, adj., A. Lydfus -a -uin,
a, I.ydian; aurifer amnis, Pactolns, Tib.; b,
Etruscan; lluvins, Hie Tiber, Vcrg. B. Lydus
•a-um; a, Lydian ; puella, Omphalc, Vcrg.; b,
Etruscan; plur., Lydi, the Etruscans, Cic.
lympha Gjirpr-.'O -r.e. f. clear spring or
river water, Verg. ; personif., Lymphao =s
Nymphs of the springs, Hor.
lymphaticus -a -um (lympha), raving,
raging, insane, mad, frantic; pavor, a panic
terror, Li v.
lympho, 1. (lyinpliu), to make inad, strike
with frenzy, Plin. ; parte, lymphatus -a -um,
mad, frantic, insane; lympliftta mens, Hor.;
lymphati, struck with panic, Liv.
Lynccstae -arum, m. (AvyxecrTaO, a people
in the south-west of Macedonia near whom was
a fountain, the waters of which caused drunken-
ncss. Adj , LyncestlUS -a -um, Lyncestiau.
LynceUS -ei, in. (Auyiceu's). I. a Messenian
hero, one of the Argonauts, renowned for the sharp-
ness of his sight; hence, 1, adj., Lynceus-a -uin,
a, belonging to^Lynceus, Ov. ; b, sharp-sighted,
Cic; 2, Lyncides -ae, m.'a descendant ofLyn-
reus. II. a companion of Aeneas.
Lyncus -i (Adytco?) I. in. a king in Scylhia,
changed into a lynx. II. f. the capital of the
Lyncestae.
lynx -cis, c. (Adyj), a lynx, Verg.
l^ra ae, f. (Av'pa). I. the lyre, a stringed
instrument ; quum (Theinistoeles) in epulis
recusaret lyram, Cic. II. Transf., 1, lyric
poetry, song; Aeoliae lyrae arnica, Ov. ; 2, the
constellation Lyra, Ov.
Lyrceius (Lyrceus) -a -uin, belonging to
tlie mountain Lyrceum between Arcadia and
Argolis.
lyricus -a -um (\vpiKos), of or relating to
the lyre, lyric; vates, a lyric poet, Hor.
Lyrnesos -i, f. (Aupnjtrds), town in the I'road,
birthplace of Briseis. Hence, 1, Lyrnesis -idis,
subst., f. Briseis; 2, Lyrnesius -a -um, Lym-
esian.
Lysander -dri, m. (\v<rav&pos), 1, a celebnttrd
Spartan general, conqueror of the Athenians ; 2,
an ephor of Sparta, friend of the king Agis.
Lysias -ae, m. (Avcrias), re celebrated Athenian
orator, contemporary with Socrates.
Lysimachia -ae, f. (Avo-i/idxetn), re town in
Thrace, founded by Lysimachus. Hence, Lysi-
machienses -ium, in. the inhabitants of Lysi-
machia.
Lysimachus -i, m. (Au<tiV«X°s)i one of the
generals of Alexander the Great, ruling after A.'s
death in Thrace and Pontus.
Lysippus -i, in. (\v<rimros), a celebrated
worker in metal of Sicyon.
Lysis -idis, in. (Averts), 1, a Pythagorean
philosopher of Tarcnlum, teacher ofEpamiuondas;
2, a river in Asia.
Lysithoe ,-es, f. (\v<n06ri), daughter oj
Occanus.
M.
Mm, the twelfth letter of the Latin Alphabet,
, corresponding in form and sound with the
Greek M, n- For M. as an abbreviation, bee
Table of Abbreviations.
Macardus -ei and -cos, in. (Moucaptu's), son
of Aeolus, brother of Canace. 'Hence, MacareiS
-idis, f. (MoxapTji?), the daughter of Macareus (Issc).
Maccdo (-6n) -donis, m. (Mukc&dV), re Mace-
donian; plur., Macedones -um, m. tH Mace-
donians. Hence, 1, Macedonia -ae. f. (Maxc.
dgvia), ct country between Thcsraly and Thrace;
mac
328
Mae
2, Ma«ed6niCU8 -a -nil), Macedonian; 3,
M&cedonius -a -um, Macedonian.
maceUarius -a -um (macellum), of or relat-
ing to the provision market. Subst., macel-
larius -ii, m. a victualler, provision-dealer, Suet.
macellum -i, n. n provision-market, meal-
market; aiinouam in inacello cariorein fore, Cic.
mac oo, 2. to he lean, Plaut.
1. m&cer -era •crura, lean; taurus, Vcrg. ;
transf., of soil, poor; solum, Cic.; fig.,
iiiacrum reducit, Hor.
2. Macer -cri, m. a Roman family name; 1,
C. Liciuius Macer, a Roman historian; 2, Ae-
milius Macer, a poet, friend of Vergil and Ovid.
maceria -ae, f. (paxcKos, or hcLk*\\ov, an
enclosure), a wall enclosing a garden, vineyard,
or park, Cic.
macero, 1. I. to soak, steep in muter, Ter.
II. Transf., 1, to make weak, bring down, reduce;
aliquem fame, Liv. ; 2, to torment, tease, vex;
quae vos, quum reliqueritis, macerent desiderio,
Liv.
mftcesco, 3. (maceo), to grow thin, become
h in, Plaut.
machaera -ae, f. Qia\atpa), a sword, knife,
Plant.
machaerophorus -i, in, (p.a\a.tpo4>dpo;),
aimed with a sabre or machacra, Cic.
MS.cha.6n -dills, m. (Malawi-), mytli., son
of Acsadairius, celebrated physician. Hence, adj.,
MachaoniUS -a -um, of or belonging to Ma-
chnon. i
machina -ac, f. (M>)\ai'ij), 1, a machine, any
artificial contrivance for performing work, espe-
cially a machine for moving heavy weights, Cic,
pulling down columns, Cic., drawing ships down
to the sea, Hor. ; lig., ut omncs adhibea.ui nia-
uliiua.s ad tenendum adulescimtulum, C'ie. ; 2, a
military engine, a ixilapuU, balista, etc., Sail. ; 3,
a platform oil which slaves were exposed for sale,
y. Cic. ; 4c, a device, contrivance, trick, stratagem,
Cic.
machina mcntr.m -i, u. (macliiuor), a
\iwjchitie, instrument, Liv.
machinatio -onis, f. (macliiuor), 1, audi in-
« net, machinery, mechanism; cum machinationc
qnudum inoveri aliquid vidonius, Cic; transf.
a. cunning device, •machination, Cic; 2, melon.,
c medtauical contrivance, a machine; navalis,
Cacs.
maohlnator-oris, m. (machinor), 1, a maker
of machines, architect; tonnentorum, Liv.; 2,
transf., in a bad sense, a deviser, contriver, orig-
inator; horuin omnium sceleruui, Cic. ; huius
belli, Liv.
machinor, l. dep. (machina), 1, to contrive,
invent, devise ; opera, Cic; versuin, Cic; 2, to
plot some evil, contrive; postern in aliquem, Cic.
mdcles -51, f. (maceo), 1, leanness, thinness;
a, of men, corpus macic iutabuit, Cic. ; b, of
soil or crops, poverty, barrenness, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
mcagreiuss of expression, Tac
macllentus -a -um (macics), thin, lean,
Plaut.
MScra -ae, 1, a river in Italy, between. Lignriu
and Ei in r'm, now Magra ; 2, Macra udm£(McutpA
Kujfj.ri), ''■ place in Locris vn the borders of Thessui y.
macresco, inScrui, ". (macer), in grow lean,
become thill, Hoi.
Macrl Campi and Campl Macri -drum,
m. " valley in Uallia Vispadana.
Macrobius -ii, m., 'Aureliun Ambrosius
Tlieodosius.o grammarian of the fifth centnry, a.tk
macrdcollum -i, n. (jiaicpoicjiKov), paper of
the largest si-e ; royal jpaprv Cin
mactabilis -c (macto), deadly, Lucr.
mactatUS -u, m. (macto), a slaying, killing,
Lucr.
macte, macti, v. inactus.
macto, 1. (intens. of *mago, akinto inactus),
to honour, glorify. I. to honour a god with a
sacrifice; puerornm extis deos manes, Cic;
transf., a, to reward, lioivvr with anything;
aliquem honoribus, Cic ; b, in a bad sense, to
afflict, punish, with ; aliquem summo supplicio,
Cic. II. to sacrifice, offer; hostiam, Hor.;
transf., to devote; aliquem Oreo, Liv.
mactus -a -um (from * mago, maxi, mactum
= augeo), 1, found only in the forms macte,
macti, joined witl» an abl. and generally with
the iiaper. of the verb esse, well done! bravo!
all hail! good luck attend thee! macte virtnte I
Cic. ; macte esto virtute ! Hor. ; macte virtutc
diligentiaquc esto ! Liv.; macti virtute, milites
Romani, este ! Liv. ; with genit, macte animi,
Mart. ; 2, = mactatus, sacrificed, Lucr.
macula -ae, f. (connected with maceo, mac-
ies, macer), 1, a Spot, mark ; equus albis maeulis,
Verg. ; 2, the mesh, of a net, Cic. ; 3, transf., a
blot, stain, blemish, fault ; hunc tu vitae splend-
orem maeulis nspcrgis tuis? Cic; familiae,
Cic.
m&culo, l. (macula), to cover with spots, to
make spotted, stain, pollute; 1, lit., terrain tabo
niaculant, Verg. ; candor corpoium magis san-
guine atro maculabatur, Liv.; 2, transf., to
stain, defile, pollute ; rex ille opt i mi regis caedc
maculaCus, Cic ; partus suos parricidio, Liv.
maculosus -a -um (macula), full vf sp>its,
spotted, speckled; 1, lynx, Verg.; 2, stained,
polluted, defiled; vestis Pompeii, Cic; lig., de-
filed, polluted; senatorcs, Cic; nclas, Hor.
madefacio -feci -factum, :.(., pass, made-
ilo -factus sum -fieri (madcu and facio), to
null.'- wit, moisten, soak ; gladii sanguine inade-
faeti, Cic ; sanguis madefcccrat herbas, Vcig,
madco -ui, 2. (noWw), to be int. moist, In
drip, flow. I, Lit., A. Cen., iialahaut pavimeuta
vino, madcbaiit parioles, Cic. ; sanguine terra-
madet, Verg.; par tic, madciis, moist, Civ. B.
Esp., 1, to writ, (of snow); nix sole madons,
Ov.; 2, In be drunk, Plant.; 3, to )»■ Imiled, '<> be
made soft by hulling, Verg. II. Transf., to be full
of, abound in, overflow with ; pocula mudent
Bacclio, Tib. ; Socralicis madet scrmoiiibus,
steeped in, Hor.
madesco, madui, 3. (madco), to become moist
or wet; seinusta inadescunt robora, Verg.
madldus'-a-uui(iiiadeo), moist, wcl. I, Gen.,
fasciculus e pistol a rum totusaquamadidus, Cic. ;
genae, wet with tears, Ov. ; vestis cocco madida,
dyed with, Mart. II. Lsp., drunk, Plaut.
mador -Oris, m. (modeo), moisture, wetness,
Ball.
Maeander -dii, m. and Maeandros (-us>
-dri, in. (Meuai'Spos). I. a riirr of Asia Minor,
i rovt rbiul for Us winding course, now MeiwJer ;
in. the legend, father of Oyanc, the mother of
Cannus and Byblis. it. Appcllat., u winding,
turning; a, of a road, Cic. ; b, u winding border
if a dress-, Verg. Hence, adj., Macandrlns
a -um, of or belonging in Moeandrr; jurenis,
I 'mi nn.<, (IV.
Maecenas -iitis, in., ''. Cilnius, « Roman
knight, the friend of Augustus, and the patron "f
Horace and Vergil.
Maecius -a -um, Maccian. I. name of a
place in I.alinm, not far from I.n nuciuw. II,
name of a Roman gens, of which the most celebrated
member was Sp. Maecius Tarpa, a. celebrated
Roman critic. . •
Mae
329
mag
Maedi -6m«i, m. (Mot&t), a Thmctan people.
Adj., Maedicus -a -um, belonging io the Maedi ;
subst., Maedica -ae, f. the country of the Maedi.
Maelius -a -um, name of a Unman gens, of
which the most celebrated, member was Sp, Maelius,
slain, on. suspicion of aiming at kingly power, by
C. Servilius Ahala, -master of the horse to the
dictator Cincinnatus.
rnaena (mena) -ae, f. (pcUVq), a hind of
small sea-fish, often salted, Cic.
Maenalus (6s) -i, m. and Maenala
-drum, n. (MatvaKov), a mountain in Arcadia,
sacred to Pan. Hence, 1, Maenalius -a -um,
Maenalian, Arcadian ; deus, Pan, Ov. ; versus,
pastoral poetry, Verg. ; 2, Maenalis -Idis, f.
belonging or relating to Maenalus; ursa, Callisto,
Ov. ; ora, Arcadia, Ov,
Maenas -adfs, f. (potvos), 1, a bacchante,
Ov. ; transf., a, a priestess of Priapvs, Juv. ;
b, a priestess of Cybele, Cat. ; 2, a prophetess
(Cassandra), Prop.
Maenades, v. Maenas.
Maenius -a -um, name of a Uoman gens;
eolumna Maenia, v. columna. Hence, Maen-
lanus -a -um, Macnian. Subst. , Mnenianum
-i, n. a projecting balcony, first introduced by
C. Maenius, Cic.
Maeones -lfTn, m. (MaiWes), the inhabitants
ofMaeonia, the. Mac.onians ; hence, a, Maeonla
-ae, f. (Mcuoi'i'a), Maeonia, a part of Lydia, and,
as the Etruscans were said to derive their origin
from Lydia = Etruria, Verg. ; b, Maedmdes
-ae, m., (a) Homer, as a native, according to some,
of Colophon or Smyrna, Ov. ; (J3) an Etruscan,
Wig. ; c, MaeoniS -idis, f. a Lydian woman,
Ai-achne, Ov. ; Omphalc, Ov. ; d, Maeonius
-a -um, (a) Maeonian, Lydian; ripa (of the river
Paetolus), Ov. ; esp., senex or vates, Homer, Ov. ;
so Homeric or heroic; carmen, pes, chartae, Ov. ;
(/3) Etruscan ; nautae, Ov.
Maeotae -arum, m. (Maiwrai), a Scythian
people on Lake Maeotis. Hence, a, Maeoticus
-a -um, Maeotic; palus, the Lake Maeotis, Plin. ;
b, Macotldae -arum, m. the persons living on
Lake Maeotis ; e, Maeotis -idis, f. relating to
the Maeotae or to Lake Maeotis ; esp., Maeotis
palus or lacus, now the Sea of Azov ; d, Maed-
tlus -a -um, Maeotian.'
maerco, 2. I. Intransit., to be sad, mourn-
ful, to grieve, mourn, lament ; maeret Menelaus,
Cic. ; with abl. of cause, suo incommodo, Cic. ;
with abl. of instr., sono tenui, in a gentle tone,
Ov.; maeret, foil. by quod, he is pained that, etc.,
Ov.; partus.! maerens, mournful, sorrowful ;-quis
Sullam nisi maerentem vidit? Cic. II. Transit.,
to lament, mourn over, bewail; casum, Cic. ; fllii
mortem graviter, Cic. ; witli ace. and infln.,
Cic. ; talia maerens. uttering lamentations, Ov.
maeror -oris, m. (maereo), mourning, grief,
sorrow, sadness ; in maerore jacere, Cic. ; maer-
orem minuere, Cic.
maestitia -ae, f. (inaestus). I. scuhiess, sor-
rowfulness, dejection, grief; esse in maestitia,
Cic. II. Transf., gloominess; orationis quasi
maestitiam scqui, Cic.
maestitudo -Inis, f. (maestus), sadness,
Plant.
maestus -a -um (maereo), sad, sorrowful,
dejected, cast down, melancholy. I. Ulixes, Cic. ;
senex, Cic; manus, Ov. II. Transf., 1, gloomy;
neci maestum dimittit, Verg. ; 2, causing or
indicating sorroiv ; vestes, Prop. ; funera, Ov.
Maevius -ii, m. a 1ml poet of the time of
Vergil.
maga -ae, f. (magus), the enchantress, Ov. (?)
11*
magalia •faun, n, («°. Punic word), huts, cot-
tages, hovels, Verg.
mage = rnajns (q.v.).
maglCUS -~ -um (fiayirds/ relating to magic
or enchantment, magical; artes, Verg.; dii, gods
invoked in enchantments (as Pluto, Hecate, Pro-
serpina), Tib.
magis, adv. with compar. (from root MAC,
with adverbial ending -is), more. I. Of degree,
more = iu a higher degree. A. Gen., 1, with
adj. and adv., to form the coinp. of adj. and
adv. not inflected in the comp., magis neces-
sarius, Cic. ; 2, witli verbs ; a, foil, by quam,
more, ratlier . . . than; sed praeterita magis
reprchendi possunt quam corrigi, Cic. ; b, some-
times without Comparison, magis aedilis esse
non potuisset, Cic. B. Particular combina-
tions, a, non (neque) magis . . . quam, not
more . . . than, just as much . . . as, Cic. ; b, quo
magis . . . eo magis, the more . . . the more, Cic. ,
quo magis . . . eo minus, Cic. ; c, eo magis, so
■much the more, all the. more, Cic; d, with abl.,
impendio magis, considerably morr, Cic; multo
magis, much more, more by far, Cic; niliilo
magis, just as little, Cic; solito magis, more
than usual, Liv. ; e, magis etiain, even more,
Cic. ; f, magi.s magisque, magis ct magis, more
and more, Cic. II.= potius, rather, more wil-
lingly. A. Gen., magis id diceres, si, etc, Cic.
B. Particular phrases, magis malle = potius
malle, Cic. ; magis est quod . . . quam quod, or
magis est ut . . . quam lit, it is more the cause that
. . . than, etc., Cic. Superl., maxim e (max-
time, adv. (for magissime, from old magus =
magnus), in the highest degree, most of all, espe-
cially, exceedingly, very. I. Of degree, A. Gen. ,
1, with adj., a, maxime fldus, Cic. ; b, to form
the Superl. of adjectives which are not inflected
in the superl., maxime necessarius, Cic; c, to
add force to a superl., aberratio maxime liberal-
issima, Cic. ; 2, with verbs, a, eupere, velle,
Cic ; b, where the meaning must in part be sup-
plied, alicui confldere. maxime, implicitly, Dies.
B. Particular combinations, a, with units,
omnium, multo, most of all, far before all the
rest; unus omnium maxime, Nep. ; multo
maxime, Cic. ; b, quam maxime, as much as
possible, Cic. ; ut quisque . . . ita maxime, the.
more . . . tlie more, Cic ; hoc maxime officii
est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ea
potissiinum opituiari, Cic. ; quum maxime, just,
precisely, Liv. ; quum maxime, just now, Cic. ;
C, quam or ut qui maxime, in tlie highest pos-
sible degree, Cic. ; d, non maxime, not altogether ;
ingenium non maxime defuit, Cic. II. = potis-
siinum, principally, particirtarly, especially; 1,
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum im-
pulit, and most of all Homer, Cic. ; quum . . .
tunc maxime, both . . . and especially, Cic. ; 2,
just, exactly; nunc quum maxime, Cic; 3, in
colloquial language maxime is used to express
emphatic assent, and with imino, emphatic dis-
sent ; vos non timetis earn ? Imino vero maxume,
Sail.
magister -tri, m. (root MAC, whence
magnus), master, ruler, president, chief, head,
director, leader, superintendent. I. Lit, 1,
populi, dictator, Cic ; equitum, master of the
horse, the dictator's lieutenant, Liv. ; morum, the
censor, Cic ; societatis, the director of a company
formed for fanning the revenue, Cic. ; scripturae
or in scriptura and portus (of a company that
farmed the rents, colls, etc.), Cic. ; P. Terentius
operas in portu et scriptura Asiae pro magistro
dedit, exercised the functions of vice-director, Cic;
eleplianti, driver, Liv. ; auctionis, director or
conductor of a sale by auction, Cic ; cenandi, the
president of a feast ; navis, a, master, captain,
mag
330
Maj
Liv. ; b, itehnsman, Verg. ; ludi, schoolmaster,
Cic; 2, a, the trustee of a bankrupt's estate, Cic;
b, o teacher ; artium, rcligionis, virtutis, Cic. ;
nans est magister optimus, Cic; gladiatorum. a
fencing-master, Cic. II. Transf., an instigator,
inciter ; magister ad despoliaiuium Dianae
templuirt, Cic.
magisterium -ii, n. (magister), the office or
power of a master, president, chief, director;
iirorum, the censorship, Cic; sacerdotii, priest-
hood, Liv. ; me magisteria (convivioruin) de-
lectant, Cic.
magistra -ae, f. (magister), a mistress,
directress, leader; transf., lex aeterna quae
quasi dux et magistra studiorum, Cie. ; arte
inagistrS, by the help of art, Verg.
magistratus -us, m. (magister). I. the
office or dignity of a magister, a magistracy,
official dignity, office; magistratum gerere, Cic;
inire, ingredi. Sail. ; deponere, Caes. ; magistratu
abire, Cic. II, Meton., a magistrate, high official.
Magistrates in Rome were either ordinarii— e.g.,
the praetors, consuls, etc ; or extraordinarii—
e.g., dictator, master of the horse ; curules or
non curules, according to the seat on which
they sat ; patrieii or plebeii, according as they
were taken from the patricians or plebeians ;
majores or minores, the elections to the former
taking place in the comitia centuriata, to the
latter in the comitia tributa ; est proprium
munus magistratus intelligere se gerere per-
sonam civitatis, Cic. ; creare magistratus, Liv.
magnanimltas -atis, f. (magnanimus),
greatness of soul, magnanimity, Cic.
magnanimus -a -um(magnusand animus),
high-minded, courageous, high-spirited, magnani-
mous, Cic (genit. plur., maguaniuulm, Verg.).
Magnes -netis, v. Magnesia.
T Magnesia -ae, f. (Mayii;<n'a). I. a district
of Thessaly. II. a town in Caria on the Mae-
ander (now Inek-bazar). III. a town in Lydia
on Mount Sipyhis (now Manissa). Hence.l 1,
Magnes -netis, m. (Maynjs). Magnesian ; esp.,
lapis Magnes or simply Magnes, a loadstone,
magnet; plur. subst, Magnetos -um, m. the
Magnesians; 2, Magneslus -a -nni, Mag-
nesian; saxum, the magnet, Luer. ; 3, Mag-
nessa -ae, f. a Magnesian woman, Hor. ; 4,
Magnetarcb.es -ae, m. the chief magistrate
of the Magnesians, Liv. ; 5, Magnetls -Wis,
f. Magnesian; Argo, built at Pagasae in Mag-
nesia, Ov.
Magni Campl -drum, m. a place in Africa
not far from Utica.
magnidlcus -a -um (mngnus and dico),
boastful, PI nut.
magnlf Ice, compar., magnlf Icentius ;
superl., magnlf Icentisslme, adv. (magni-
llcus), a, splendidly, nobly, grandly, pompously,
nifiiiificently;- habitats, vivere, Cic; b, glori-
ously; vincere, Cic; c, eloquently, in a lofty
strain ; collandare aliquein, Liv. ; in a lad sense,
haughtily, proudly ; loqui tic bello, Sail.
magnlficontia -ae, f. (lnngniftcus). I. Of
persons, 1, loftiness of thought and action, high-
' mi ndedness, ■magnanimity, Cic. ; and in a bad
eense, boasting, pomposity of language, Cic. ; 2,
magnificence, splendour ; odit populus Itomanus
Srivatam luxuriani, publicam magnificentiam
iligit, Cic. II. Transf., of inanimate objects,
tplendour, grandeur, magnificence; epularum,
villnrum, Cic
magnlf ico, 1. (magnificus), to prize highly,
tsteem greatly, Plaut.
magnificus -a -um, compar., magnlf I-
eentior; superl., magnlf icentisAlmus
(maginis and facio). I. Of persons, -a, mag-
nificent, fond of display ; in suppliciis deorum
magnillci, domi paid, Sail. ; b, glorious, dis-
tinguished ; vir factis magniflens, Liv.; c, iu-
posing, dignified; ndhortator, Liv.; d, high'
souled, lofty; animo exeelso magniflcoque, Cic
II. Transf., of things, a, splendid, magnificent;
villa, Cic; b, glorious; aedilitns, Cic.; c,
dignified, lofty (of language); dieendi genus,
Cic; and in a bad sense, boastful, pompous ; alia
magnifka pro se et illis dolentia, Sail. ; d,
famous, eminent, distinguished ; magniticentis-
siiuum decretuin, Cic.
magniloquentia -ae, f. (magniloquus), 1,
lofty or elevated language ; Homeri, Cic. ; 2, pom-
pons, boastfid language, magniloquence ; alicuius,
Liv.
magniloquus -a -um (magnus and loqucr),
pompons or boastfulin talk, magniloquent ; os, Ov.
magnltudo -Inis, f. (magnus), greatness,
size, magnitude. I. Lit., A. 1, of space, mundi,
Cic. ; fluminis, Caes. ; 2, of number, great quan-
tity ; fiuctuum, Cic. ; pecuniae, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, size, importance; a, beneficii, Cic; b, power;
rcipublicae, Sail. ; 2, greatness, high degree;
amoria, Cic; aniini, magnanimity, Cic.
magnopere, and separately magno
opere, adv. (magnus and opus), greatly, ex-
ceedingly, very much; nihil mirari, Cic. ; magno-
pere delectare, Cic. ; non magno opere laboro
quorsuiu, etc., Cic. ; in the superl., maximopere,
Cic. ; maximo opere, very greatly, Cic
magnus -a -um, compar., major -us ;
superl., maxlmus(maxumus) -a -um (from
root MAC, whence magis, mactns, macto =
lieya';), great, large. I. Lit., 1, of size, large, great,
Udl, long, broad ; domus, Cic. ; monies, Cat. ; lit-
terae maxiniae, Cic. ; magnae aquae, an inunda-
tion., Liv. ; 2, a, applied to number, bulk, mass,
maximum pondus auri, magnum nmnerum fru-
menti, vim mellis maxiinhin exportasse, Cic. ;
multitude peditatus, Caes. ; b, of value, high,.
great, considerable ; ornatus muliebris pretii maj-
bris, Cic. ; thus abl. magno and genit. magni, at
a high value, dear ; magni aestimare, to esteem
highly, Cic ; magni, maximi facere, Cic. ; mr.gno
emere, Cic; 3, of sound, loud ; vox, Cic; ex-
clamare ma.jus, in a louder tone, Cic II. A. Of
time, 1, long ; annus, Verg. ; 2, magno natu, of
great age, Liv.; and csp. in compar. and superl.,
with or without natu or annis, older; natu
major (rater, Cic. ; annus natus major quad-
raginta, Cic. ; Fabii Ambusti filiae dnae nuptae,
Ser. Sulpicio major, minor Licinio Stolon! erat,
the. elder to Sulpicius, the. younger to Licinius,
Liv.; majores natu, the older people, Cic; esp.
s= the. senate, Cic. ; majores, ancestors, forefathers,
Cic. ; maxima virgo, the oldest of the I'estals, Ov.
B. Of importance, 1, great, important, sig-
nificant; magna et ampla negotia, Cic; rci-
publicae magnum aliquod tempus, Cic ; 2, a,
great, powerful, mighty ; propter suuimnm nobil-
itatein et singularem potentiam magnus erat,
Cic; b, of talents, ability, distinguished,
eminent, able; nemo vir magnus sine aliqno
atllatu divino nmquara fnit, Cic. ; 3, serious,
heavy, severe; periculum, Caes.; infamia, Cic;
4, a, strung, high, noble; magno animo, Cic;
b, proud ; magna verba, Verg.
Mago (-on) -Onis, m. brother of Hanv.il>al.
1. magus -i, m. (^idyos), a learned man or
magician among the Persians, Cic.
2. magus -a -um, magical; artes, Ov.
Maja -ae, f. (Maia), the daughter of Atlas,
who bore Mercury to Jupiter, one of the Pleiades ;
Maja genitus, Verg., Maja natus, Hor., Maj3
creatus, Ov., Mercury (ace, Majan, Ov.)..
maj
331
mal
hiajalis -is, m. a gelded hoar, Varr. ; used
as a term of reproach, Cic.
majestas -atis, f. (majus == magnus). I.
grandeur, dignity, majesty; applied to the gods,
to all persons in high office, and frequently to the
Koman people, dii non censent esse suae majest-
atis, to be consistent with their majesty, Cic. ;
consulis, Cic. ; patria, the paternal authority,
Liv.; populi Romani, Cic; majestatem minuere,
to offend against the sovereignty of the people, Cic;
crimen majestatis, treason, Cic. ; lex majestatis,
Cic. II. honour, excellence, splendour; matron-
arum, Liv.
; major, inajores, v. magnus,
Majus -i, m. niensis Majus or simply Majus,
the month of May, Cic ; used adj., Calendae
Majae, Cic.
majusculus -a -urn (dim. of major), some-
what larger, somewhat greater; in aliqua majus-
cula cura, Cic.
mala -ae, f. (contracted for mandela from
inando, as scala for scandela from scando), 1, the
cheek-bone, jaw-bone, both in men and animals,
Verg. ; 2, the cheek; malae decentes, Hor.
malacia -ae, f. OxaAaicia), a calm at sea;
tanta subito malacia ac tranquillitaa exstitit ut,
etc., Cacs.
malacisso, 1. (jAaAaia'fui), to soften, render
pliable, Plant.
malacus -a -um (naAaKds). soft, pliable,
Plaut. ; fig., effeminate, delicate, Plaut.
male, adv., compar., pejus; superl., pess-
Ime (mains), badly, ill. I. Lit., 1, male oleic,
Cic; male vestitus, Cic. ; L. Antonio male sit, evil
be to L. Antonius, Cic. ; male audire, to be ill spoken
of, Cic. ; 2, a, wrongly, improperly, badly ; male
agere, Cic. ; alicui male faccre, Cic. ; b, unsuc-
cessfully, unfortunately; suos labores etapparatus
male cecidisse, Cic. ; c, inopportunely, in the
wrong place; male salsus, Hor.; d, dishonestly,
wickedly; male-agere, Cic; Carthago jam diu
male cogitans, Cic. II. Transf., 1, bitterly;
male odisse, Caes. ; 2, a, too 'much, excessively;
malesuperbus, Caes., b, with adj. andpartic, to
give a directly opposite meaning, male sanus,
Cic ; male gratus, unthanlcful, Ov.
Malea -ae, ace. -an, f.. (MaAe'n, MdAeta), jiro-
montory in Laconia (now Medio di S. Angclo.)
maledice, adv. (maledicus), culumnionsly,
abusively, scurrilous!)/ ; dicere, Cic
laaledicens -cutis, p. adj. (from maledico),
evil-speaking, abusive, scurrilous; maledicentis-
aima civitas, Cic.
maledico -dixi -dictum, 3. to speak ill,
slander, asperse, abuse, revile; alicui, Cic.
maledlctio -onis, f. (maledico), a reviling,
abusing, Cic.
maledictum -i, n. (maledico), a railing ac-
cusation, foul, abusive language; maledicta in
vitam alicuius conjiccrc, Cic; maledicta in
aliqucm dicere or conferre or congerere, Cic
maledicus -a -um (maledico), abusive, scur-
rilous ; conviciator, Cic.
malefacio -feci -factum, 3. to do an injury,
to injure ; alicui, Plaut.
malefactor -oris, m. (malefacio), an evil-
doer, malefactor, Plaut.
malefactum. -i, n. (malefacio), an ill deed,
injury, Cic
malef ice, adv. (malelicus), maliciously, mis-
chievously, Plaut.
maleficium -li, n. (malcficus), 1, an evil
deed, crime, mischief; maleficium committer?,
admilteie, Cic; ,so non maleficii causa {with
hostile intent) ex provincia egressum, Caes. ; sine
ullo malcflcio, without doing any harm, Caes.;
2, sorcery, Tac
maleficus -a -um (malefacio), wicked, malic-
ious, mischievous; homo, Cic.
malesuadus -a -um (male and suadeo), ill-
advising, seductive, persuading to evil, Verg.
Maleventum -i, n. an old town of the Hir.-
pint in Samnium, the -name of which the Romans
changed to Beneventum.
TEmalevoiens -entis (male and volo), envious,
malevolent, Plaut. ; superl., malevoleutissimae
obtrectationes, Cic.
malevolentia -ae, f. (malevolens), ill-will,
malice, hatred, malevolence ; malevolentia est
voluptas ex malo alterius sine emolumento suo,
Cic. ^
malevolus -a -um (male and volo), ill-dis-
posed, wishing evil, malicious, envious, spiteful,
malevolent ; alicui, Cic. ; in aliquein, Cic. ; male-
voli de me sermones, Cic. Superl., v. male-
volens. Subst., malevoli -orum, in. envious,
ill-dis)iosed persons, Cic.
Maliacus sinus (koAttos MaAiaxds), a gulf in
Thessaly, opposite Euboea.. Hence, Maliensis
-e, Median.
malifer -fera -ferum (malum and fero),
apple-bearing, Verg.
maligna, adv. (malignus), 1,' maliciously,
malignantly, enviously; loqui, Cic; 2, stingily,
sparingly; dividere, Liv. ; laudare, Hor.
malignitas-atis, f. (malignus), 1, malicious-
ness, ill-nature, malignity, spite, Liv. ; 2, stingi-
ness, niggardliness ; malignitas praedae partitae,
Liv.
malignus -a -um (opp. benignus, malus
and gigno). I. of bad disposition, ill-disposed,
malicious, malignant, wicked; vulgus, Hor.;
oculis malignis s>pectare, Verg. ; leges, Ov. II.
A. 1, stingy, niggardly; caupo, Hor. ; 2, transf.,
a, barren, unfruitful; collis, Verg. ; b, small,
little, scanty; lux, Verg. ; aditus, Verg. B. coy,
shy, Ov.
malitia -ae, f. (malus), badness of quality. I.
loickedness, vice, Sail. II. craft, cunning, malice;
malitia est versuta et fallax nocendi ratio, Cic. ;
sometimes used in a playful sense like our
"roguery ;" tamen a malitia non discedis, Cic.
malitiose, adv. with compar. (malitiosus),
wickedly, knavishly, perjidiously ; facere aliquid,
Cic.
malitiosus -a -um (malitia), crafty, roguish,
knavish, wicked ; homo, Cic; juris interpretatio,
Cic.
malleolus -i, m. (dim. of malleus), a little
hammer;' 1, a hammer-shaped slip (of & vine), a
viallet-shoot Jar planting, Cic; 2, akindofjire-
dart, Cic.
malleus -i, in. a hammer, mallet ;' a, gen.,
Liv. ; b, cap., the axe used for slaying animals
offered in, sacrifice, Ov.
Malloea -ae, f. town in Thessaly (near mod-
ern Mologhusta).
malo, nialfti, malle (for ma volo, from magis
volo), to choose rather, prefer. I. Gen., a, with ;
ace, hunc animum, Cic. ; b, with infln., servire
quam pugnare, Cic; c, with ace and infin., malo
me vinciquam vincere, Cic. ; with potius, Uticao
potius quain Romae esso maluisset, Cic. ; with
magis, Liv. ; d, with nom. and infin., esse quam
videri bonus malebat. Sail. ; e, with subj.,
mallera cognoscerem, Cic. II. Esp., to be more
favourable to; in hac re malo universae Asiae et
negotiatoribus, Cic.
malobathron (-um) -i, n. (paX.6pa8pov);
mai
332
man
l t an Indian or Syrian plant, from which a costly
ointment was prepi'red, Plin. ; 2, meton., the oil
of the plant, Hor.
1. malum -i, n., v. mains.
2. malum -i, n. (n-tjXoiO, an apple, and gener-
\ ally any similar fruit, as the quince, peach,
pomegranate, etc., Verg. ; prov., al> ovo usque
ad mala, from beginning to end (as 1 lie Human
dinner began with eggs and ended with frnit),
Hor.
1. malus -a -um ; com])., pejor -us ; super?.,
pessimus -a -um ; bad. I. Subjective, A. bad,
physically and intellectually, 1, mali versus,
Cic. ; loquendi consuetudo, Cic. ; 2, a, incap-
able; poeta, Cic. ; b, cowardly, iceak; juxta boni
malique, strenni et imbelles' inulti obtruncari,
Sail. B. Morally bad, wicked; 1, mala consue-
tude-, Cic; subst., malus, n villain, Cic; 2,
in politics, evil-disposal, disloyal, demagogic;
cives, Sail. II. Objective, 1, adj., a, bad, as
regards condition, position, etc. ; mala valetudo,
ill health, Cic. ; mala copia (excess) stomachum
sollicitat, Hor. ; carmen, a libel, Hor. ; malam
opinionem habere de aliquo, Cic ; lama, ill re-
pute, Sail. ; b, unfavourable, unsuccessful, dis-
advantageous; pugna, Cic; in pejus mere, to
become worse, Verg. ; auspicium, ill-omened, Cic;
2, subst,, malum -i, n. an evil; a, bona ant
mala, gor.d qualities or faults, Sail. ; b, harm, dis-
usler, evil; no malum habeat, Cic ; mala eivilia,
Cic. ; inalo essealicni, Cic. ; as:m inti rjection to
express aversion or dislike, quae, malum, est ista
tanta audacia atque amentia, what in the world,
Cic.
2. malus -i, f. (2. ma\um),anaj>ple-tree,\erg.
3. malus -i, m. (prob. from root MAC,
whence magnus), 1, the mast of a ship; malum
erigere, Cic. ; 2, in the circus, the pole to which
the awnings were fastened, Li v.
malva -ae, f. (pakaxn, from /laXa/cds), the
mallou; Cic.
Mamers -mertis, in. the Oscan and Sabine
name of Mars; hence Mamertini -orum, m.
(sons of Mars), the name assumedby certain mer-
cenary troops who seized Messana. Adj., Ma-
mertinus -a-ura, Mamertine; ci vitas, Messana,
Cic.
Mamilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
mamilla -ae, f. (dim. of mamma), a breast,
teat, pap, Juv. ; used as a term of endearment,
Plaut.
mamma -ae, f. (tinij.ua.). I. a breast, teat ;
a, of men, mamma etbarba, Cic; b, of women,
mammam inatris appetere, Cic ; c, of the fe-
males of animals, suibus mammarum data est
multitude, Cic. II. mother, mamma, Mart.
mammosus -a -nin (mamma), full-breasted,
having large breasts, Lucr.
Mamurra -ae, m. a Roman knight of For-
miae, praefectus fabrum in Caesar's army in
Gaul, where he amassed peat wealth; arte
Mamurrarum, Formiae, Hor.
manabllls -e (mano), flowing, penetrating ;
frigus, Lucr.
manoeps -cipis, m. (manus and eapio). I.
a person who bought anything at a pidtlic I'gal
auction, and esp., one who publicly contracted to
farm state property; a purchaser, farmer, con-
tractor ; praedae, Cic ; manceps fit Chrysogonns,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a tenant, lessee, Plin.; 2,
a srnrety, Plant,
Mancinu3 -i, m., C. Hostilius, consul at
Rome, delivered up to 'he Numantines in conse-
quence of a dishononral:/' peace, made, by him with
them, which the senate refused to ratify^
manclpatio -onis, f. (mancipo), a formal
transfer oj properly ; also purchase, Plin.
mancipatus -us, m. (mancipo), a sale, Plin.
mancipium (manciipium) -ii (manus
and eapio), a taking by the hand, an old form
of purchase in Rome in the presence of live
witnesses. Hence, I. Lit., in Roman law, r<
formal, legal purchase of anything ; lex maneipi
(lnancipii), the contract of sole, Cic ; mancipio
dare, to sell formally, Cic; mancipio accipere, t.i
buy, Cic.; res maneipi, property which coidd be
acquired by the ceremony of mancipium, Cic. II.
Meton., a sierra acquired by the process of mvco-
cipium, Cic
mancipo (mancupo).l. (manus and eapio);
1. to transfer by mancipium or formal sale, to
sell formally; alienos, Plant. ; quaedam man-
cipat usus. gives a title to, Hor. ; transf., to give
up to ; saginae mancipatus, Tac
mancus -a -um, 1, maimed, crippled, lame;
maucus et omnibus membris captus ac debilis,
Cic; 2, transf., imperfect, incomplete, defective;
virtus, Cic. ; praetura, Cic.
mandator -oris, m. (mondo), one who sub-
orns accusers or informers, Snet.
mandatum -i, n. (mando), a commission,
charge, injunction, order; and esp., a verlioi
commission, message; a, dare alicui mandata ut,
etc., Cic; mandata efticere, Cic., perllcerp,
Liv., to execute a commission; negligere, fallcre,
fail to execute, Ov. ; mandato men, by -my com-
mand, Cic. ; b, mandati judicium, an action for
the non-performance of a commission, Cic.
mandatus, abl. -u, in. found only in nlil,
sing, (mamto), a commission, order, injunction ;
mandatu meo, Cic
Mandela -ae, f. a town in the Sabine country.
1. mando, 1. (perhaps for manui or in manum
do). I, to commit to the charge of entrust,
deliver; alicui magistratum, Cic ; aliquem
aeternis tenebris, Cic; corpus humo, to bury,
Verg.; sefugae, to take to flight, Cacs. ; aliquid
memoriae, to commit to memory, Cic; litteris, i
seriptis, to commit to writing. II. to enjoin,
order, command, commission; a, with ace.,
typos tibi mando (sc comparandos, emendos),
Cic. ; Rhodiaca vasa mandavi, ordered, Cic, ;
b, with ut. or ne and the snbj., or simply the
subj., tibi mandavit ut, etc., Cic; Trebonio
mandaverat ne, etc, Cic. ; huic mandat, Remos
adcat, Cic
2. mando, mandi, mansum, S. (/u.au, /ud<r<ri.i\
to chew, masticate. I. animalia alia sugunt, aiia
eai'punt, alia vorant, alia mandunt, Cic ; equi
fulvum mandunt sub dentibus auruni, champ
the bit, Verg.; humum, to bite the ground
(cf. mordcrc humum), of those who fall in
battle, Verg. II. to eat, devour, consume; lore,
Liv.
mandra -ae, f. dxdvSpa),l,a stall, eattle-pcn,
Mart.; 2, a herd of entile, Juv.; 3, a two oj
pawns, on a draught-board, Mart.
Mandubii -orum, m. a people in Gallia
Ccltiea, with a capital Alcsia (now AH**).
manducus -i, m. (2. mando), a mask to
represent a. glutton, Plaut.
Mandurfa, -ae, f. a town in Lower Italy,
between Aletium and Turentum.
mane, subst, indecl. n. the early morning,
dawn of morning ; ad ipstini mane, Hor.; inulto
mane, very early in the morning, Cic Adv., in,
the. morning, at early morning ; hodie mane, early
this morning, Cic. ; bene mane, very early in the
morning, Cic.
maneo, inansi, mansum, 2. (iixvui). I.
Intransit., to remain, stay in any rilacr., A.
man
333
man
seu niatieant, seu proliciscantur, Caes. ; in
patria, Oic. ; ad exei'citum, Caes. B. 1, to stay
the night ; apud mo, Cic. ; sub Jove frigido,
Hon ; 2, a, to remain, endure, last; nihil buo
statu manet, Cic. ; b, to remain fast, continue
steadfast in; in amicitia, Cic; involuntate, Cic;
in conditions, to abide by, Cic. ; 3, to wait,
Plaut. ; transf., to wait for, await; cuius fatum
tibi manet, Cic. II. Transit., a, to wait for;
hostium adventuin, Liv. ; b, to await as fate or
destiny ; quia mo nianct cxitus? Ov.
manes -lum, m. (lit.= boni, the good). I.
the shades of the departed, the spirits of the dead;
dii manes, Cic ; of the shade of a single person,
patria Anchisae, Verg. II. Transf., 1, poet.,
the lower world, infernal regions, Verg. ; 2, the
punishment of the lower world; quisque suus
patimur manes, Verg.; 3, corpse, ashes, remains ;
accipiet manes parvula testa meos, Prop. ;
omnium nudatos manes, Liv.
mango -orris, m. (pdyyavov), 1, a dealer in
articles, which he seeks to sell by rubbing up, fur-
bishing, etc. ; a roguish dealer, Plin., Quint. ; 2,
esp., a slave-dealer, Suet.
manica -ae, f. (manus). I. the long sleeve of
the tunic reaching to the hand, and serving as a
glove, Cic II. Transf., handcuff, manacle,
Hor., Verg.
manicatus -a -um (manica), having long
sleeves ; tunicae, Cic.
mamcula -ae, f. (dim. of manus), a little
.hand, Plaut.
manifestarius -a -um (manifestus) plain,
visible, evident, manifest, Plaut.
manifesto, adv. (manifestus), plainly,
visibly, evidently, manifestly, Verg.
1. manifesto, adv., v. manifestns.
2. manifesto, 1. (manifestus), to manifest,
show clearly, reveal, discover; aliquein, Ov.
manifestus -a -um (manus aud *feudo, lit.
struck with th; hand), clear, visible, evident,
manifest. £'. manifestae et apertae res, Cic. ;
mauifestum atque depreheusum scelus, Cic. ;
adv., manifesto, dearly, plainly; manifesto
deprehendere, comprehendere, comperisse, Cic
IT. caught in, manifestly betraying; uti eos
maxime manifestos habeant, caught in the act,
Sail. ; with genit. of crime, rerum capitalium,
Sail. ; vitae, giving evident signs of life, Tac
Manilius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
C. Manilius, tribune of the people, B.C. (57, the
author of the Lex Manilla, which gave to Potnpcius
the sole command in the Mithridalic War.
manipretium — inanuprotium (q.v.).
manipularis (maniplaris) e (manipu-
lus), belonging to a titan iple ; judex, chosen from, a
manipletfvam the common soldiers), Cic Subst.,
manipularis -is, in, a common soldier, Cic
manipularius -a -um (manipulus), belong-
ing or relating to aprivate soldier, Suet.
manipulating adv. (manipulus), 1, in
bundles or handfuls, Plin. ; 2, milit. t. t., in
maniples; manipulatim structa acies, Liv.
manipulus (poet, maniplus) -i, ni.
(manus and * pleo), a handful. I. Lit., a small
bundle or handful; filicum manipli, Verg. II.
Transf., a. company of foot soldiers, a division of
ihe Roman army, three maniples forming a cohort
(io called because in early times the standard was
a pole with a bundle of hay at the top), Caes.
Manlius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
I, M. Manlius Capitolinus, who repulsed the
attack of the Gauls upon the Capitol, afterwards
thrown from the Tarpeian rock, on suspicion of
aiming at kingly power. II, L. Manlius and
his son T. Manlius, who received the surname of
Imperiosus from their severity. Hence, adj.,
Manlianus -a -um, Matdian, relating to Man-
lius ; turba, seditio, Liv. ; Manliana imperia,
severe commands, Liv. Subst., Manlianum
-i, n. an estate of Cicero's.
1. mannus -i, m. (a Celtic word), a small
horse of Gaulish breed, highly prized by the
Romans for its swiftness, Liv.
2. Mannus -i, m. a god of the Germans, son
of'l'uisco, Tac.
mano, 1. I. Intransit., to flow, run. A. Of
fluids, fons nigra sub ilice manat, Ov. ; aliqua
re, to flow, run, drip with anything, Cic. ; Her-
culis simulacrum multo sudore nianavit, Cic.
B. Of the air and other things, to flow, spread;
I, aer, qui per maria manat, diffuses itself, Cic ;
2^ transf., to proceed, come from; peccata ex
vitiis nianant, Cic ; 3, to spread abroad, spread,
be diffused; malum nianavit per Italiam, Cic.
II. Transit., to exude, give out; lacrimas (of a
statue), Ov. ; tig., mella poetica, Hor.
mansio -onis, f. (maneo). I. a remaining,
stay, sojourn ; in vita, Cic. II. a station, halt-
ing-place, night-quarters, Plin.
mansito, 1. (iutens. of maneo), to abide, slay,
sojourn, remain; sub eodeni tecto, Tac.
mansuefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass, man-
suefio -factus sum -fiSri (mansues and facio).
I. Lit., of animals, to tame; uri mansuefieri uon
possunt, Caes. II. Of men, a, to soften, pacify;
plebem, Liv. ; b, to civilise; a quibus mansue-
facti et exculti, Cic
mansues -is or -etis (manus and sueo), tame,
Plaut.
mansuesoo -sucvi -suetum, s. (manus and
suesco). I. Transit., to tons, Verg. II. Intransit.,
to become tame, grow tame, to become mild, soft- i
ened ; nesciaque huinanis precibus maiisuescere "
corda, Verg.
mansuete, adv. (mansuetus), mildly, gently,
quietly, Cic.
mansuetudo -Inis, f. (mausuetus). I. lame-
ness, Pliu. II. Trausf., mildness, clemetocy, gentle-
ness ; imperii, Cic ; uti dementia et mausuetu-
dine in aliquein, Caes.
mansuetus -a -um, p. adj. (from mansu-
esco), tame. I. Lit., of animals, sus, Liv. II.
Transf., mild, soft, gentle, quiet; mansuetus in
senatu, Cic : lit mpnsuetissimus viderer, Cic. ;
Musae mansuetiores (of philosophy, rhetoric,
etc., as opposed to contentious and political
eloquence), Cic.
mantele (mantile) -is, n. and man-
tclium -ii, n. (manus), <(. towel, napkin, Verg.
mantelium -ii, n. = mantele (q.v.).
manteium (mantelium) -i, n. a covering,
veil, concealment, Plaut.
mantica -ae, f. a wallet, knapsack, saddle-
bag, Hor.
Mantinea -ae, f. (Havriveia), a town in Ar-
cadia, scene of the victory and death of Epamin-
ondas.
1. manto, 1. (freq. of maneo), to remain, wait,
wait for, Plaut.
2. Manto -us, f. (Mai*™). I. daughter, oftht
Theban seer Tiresias, mother of the.seer Jtefisus.
II. an Italian prophetess, mother of Ocnus, tht
founder of Mantua. .
Mantua -a«, f. a town in v.orth Italy, on th«
river Mincius, near to the birthplace of Virgil.
mftnualls -e (manus), adapted, fitted to .tha
hand, fitting the hand, relating to the hand; &axa,
thrown by luxni-^Jw. ^.
man
Oivl
Mar
minublac -arum, f. (maims), 1, the mourn
Mained from the sale of booty, esp. the general's
share, who usually spent it in erecting some public
building ; porticum dc liiannbiis Cimbrieis fecit,
Cic. ; transf., the profits of an office; manubias
alicui cuncedere. Cic. ; plunder, 'booty, Suet. ; 2,
In augury, a flash of lightning, Sen.
manubialis -e (inanubiac), of or relating to
booty, Suet.
manublarfus -a -inn (inanublae), of »v re-
lating to bootn, l'laut.
manubrium -ii, u. (manus), a haft, handle;
mircuru vasis, Cic.
■ manuf ... v. uianif . . .
manuleus -i, ni. (mauus), the long sleeve of
a tunic, Plaut.
manfimisslo -onis, f. (mamimitto), the
emancipation or manumission of a slave, Cic.
manumitto -misi -missum (rnanus and
mitto), 3. to manumit, emancipate a slave;
aliquem, Cic.
mSnupretium (manipretium) -ii, n.
(often found in two words, mauus pretium),
wages, hire, pay, Cic; transf., a reward; perditae
civitatis, Cic.
manus -us, f. (connected with |xau, to touch),
the hand. I. Lit. and fig. A. Gen., mam'. .
dextera, laeva, Cic. ; accipere aliquid manibus,
Ctc. ; manus adhibere vectigalibus, lay hands on,
rob, Cic. ; conferre ferrumet manus, Cic. ; manus
dare, to surrender, Cic. ; deponere aliquid do
manibus, Cic. ; elabi de manibus, Cic. ; esse in
manibus, 1, to be in, our hands; oratio est in
manibus, can be read, is well known, Cic. ; 2, to
be in preparation ; liber mihi est in manibus,
Cic; 3 5 (o be near, to be present, Caes.; sod eece
in manibus vir et praestantissimo ingenio, etc.,
Cic; fugere e manibus, Cic; iavare manus,
Cic. ; prehenderc alicuius manum, Cic, aliquem
mami, Cic; ne manum quidem vertere alicuius
rei causa, not to move a finger, not to talc any
trouble, Cic. Particular phrases : victoriain in
•minibus videre, at hand, Cic. ; ad manum esse,
to be near at hand, Liv. ; servum sibi habere ad
manum, as a private secretary, Cic. ; (La manu,
with one's own hand; facere, Cic.; dc manu in
manum tradere, to give from one's hand into the
hand of another, Cic. ; plena manu, liberally;
plena manu alicuius laudes in astratollore, Cic;
per manus, with the hand*; irahere, Cae;-. ; from
hard to hand; traditae per manus religiones,
Liv.; manibus aequis (with equal advantage, after
a drawn battle) dirimere pugnam, Liv. B. Esp.
1, the fist, used for courage, force, violence ;
manu capere urbes, Sail. ; 2, hand to hand fight ;
res venit ad manus atquc ad pugnam, Cic/; T>,
abl. manu, by manual labour, ?>>/ art, artificially;
manu sata, sown 61/ hand, Caes. ; urbs manu
munitissima, Cic; 4, power, jurisdiction ; haec
non sunt in manu nostra, Cic. II. Meton., 1,
the hand, i.e., the work of the artist or craftsman;
extrema, the finishing touch, Cic; extrema manus
non accessit eius operibus, Cic; 2, handwriting ;
redco ad meam manum, / have begun again to
write with my own hand, Cic III. Transf., 1,
the trunk of an elephant, Cic; 2, manus ferrea, a
grappling-iron used in naval warfare, Caes. ; 3,
•a, a band or body of men; conjuratorum, Cic;
t>, an armed band; manum facere, Cic, con-
tlucere, Caes., cogere, Caes.
mapalia -lum, n. (a Tunic word), huts,
"hovels, the movable habitations of the African
Nomads, Sail.
mappa -ae, f. 1, a table-napkin, Hor. ; 2, a,
cloth or napkin thrown down in the circus as a
signal for the races to begin, -Juv.
Marathon -onis, m. and f. (NapaSt!*), a
plain in Attica, where the Persian army was
defeated by the Athenians, Adj., Marathonius
-a -urn, Marathon inn.
Marathos -i, f. (Mapa0o?), a Phoenician town
opposite to the island of Aradun. Adj., Mara-
thenus -a -um, belonging to Marathos.
marathrum -i, n. (ftipafipov), fennel, Ov.
Marccllus -i, in. the cognomen of an illust-
rious family of the gens Claudia. I. M. Claudius
Marccllus, the- conqueror of Syracuse, defeated
Hannibal at Nolo, slew Viridomarus king of the
Insubres with Ins own hand. II. M. Claudius
Marccllus, an. enemy nf Caesar's, but afterwards
pardoned by him. III. M. Claudius Marccllus,
nephew, adopted son, and son-in-law of the Em-
peror Augustus. Hence, Marcellia -drum,
n. the festival of Marccllus, a festival of the family
of Marcellus in Sicily, Liv.
marceo, 2. I. to wither, to droop, Mart.
II. Transf., to he faint, languid, feeble, lazy,
either from old age or indulgence ; maiccut
luxuria, Liv.
marcesco, 3. (marceo). I. to begin to droop,
Plin. II. Transf., to languish, grow weal;, feeble;
vino, Ov. ; desidia, Liv.
marcidus -a -um (marceo), 1, faded, wither-
ing, drooping; lilia, Ov. ; 2, transf., enfeebled,
languid, heavy, besotted from immoderate indulg-
ence in eating, drinking, or sleeping ; somno aut
libidinosis vigiliis, Tac
Marcius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of which were: 1, Aneus
Marcius, fourth king of Borne; 2, L. Marcius, «
Itoman knight, who commanded in Spain on the
death of Scipio. Adj., Marciun; aqua, an aque-
duct commenced by Ancus Marcius, restored by Q.
Marcius Rex; saltus (in Liguria, so called from
the defeat of Q. Marcius, 18S B.C.), Liv. Hi nee,
Marcianus -a-um, Marcian; foedus, made by
L. Marcius with the inhabitants of Cadiz.
Marcomani and Marcomanni -drum, in.
« powerful German tribe.
marcor -oris, m. (marceo), rottenness, decay,
put n faction, Plin.
Marcus -i, in. a common Itoman praenomen,
gen. abbreviated M.
marc -is, n. the sea. I. Lit ., marc Aegacum,
Cic; marc oceanus, Caes.; nostrum marc, the
Mediterranean Sea, Caes. ; superum, the Adriatic,
Cic. ; inferom, the Tuscan Sea, Cic. ; conclusum,
inland sea, Caes. ; clausum, not navigable, Cic ;
marc ingredi, to go to sea, Cic. ; mare infestum
habere, )o infest the sea (of pirates), Cic ; terra
manque, by sea and land, Cic; polliceri maria
ct montes, to make boundless promises, Sail. II.
Meton., sea-water,; Chitun maris expers, unmixed
with sea-water, Hor.
Marea -ae, f. or Mareota -ae, f. (Mapc'u),
a lake and city of Lower Egypt, famous for its
wine; hence, adj., 1, Mareoticus -a -um,
Mareotlc, Egyptian; Bubsfc., Mareoticum -i.
n. Mareotlc wine; 2, Mareotis -idis, f. poet.
= Egyptian ; vites, Vfirg.
margarita -ae, f. (jxafyapi-rrf;) and mar-
garitum -i, n. a pearl, Cic
margino, 1. (raargo), to make a border to. to
border, Liv.
margo -litis, in. and f. I. a border, edg ;
scuti, Liv.; fontis, 0\: II. Transf., boundary;
imperii, Ov.
Marica -ae, f. a nymph to whom a rjroce ".ear
Mintnrnae was sacred; poet., a lake near iliiu
tuniae-named Offer her, Ho*i
mar
335
Mas
marmus -a -um (mare), of or relating to the
s?«, marine; marini terrenique Uumores, Cic. ;
ros, rosemary, Hor.
marisca -ae, L 1, a large jig, Mart. ; 2, the
piles, Juv.
■ maritai v. niaritus.
maritalis -e (niaritus), relating to marriage
<>!' u marrwl pair, conjugal, matrimonial, marital;
vestis, Ov.
maritimus (maritumus) -a -um (mart),
I, of or relating to the sea, marine, maritime;
praedo, a pirate, Cic. ; imperiuin, « naval com-
mand, Cic; 2, wi </ie sea or on the sea-coast;
civitas, Cacs. ; bilva, Cic. bubst., niarltima
-drum, n. maritime region, places on the sea-coast,
Cic.
inarito, 1. (maritus). I. to wed, marry, give
in marriage; principem, Tac. II. Transf., of
plants, to bind one to another, to train one on,
another, Hor.
maritus -a -um (mas). I. Adj., 1, lit., of
or relating to marriage, matrimonial, nuptial;
foedus, Ov. ; Venus, conjugal love, Ov.; domus,
houses of married people, Liv. ; 2, trahsf., of
plants, tied or trained together ; ulmus, Cat. II.
Subst., 1, maritus -i, m. a, a husband, Cic. ;
b, a lover, suitor, Prop. ; c, transf., of animals,
maritus oleus, the he-goat, Hor. ; 2, marita
-ac, f. a wife, Hor.
Marius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens,
the most distinguislied member of which was C.
Marius, seven times consul, conqueror of Jugurtha
and the Cimbri, rival of Sulla, leader of the
popular party at Rome. Adj., Mo.rian. Hence,
Marianus -a -um, Marian.
Marmarica -ae, f. a district in Africa be-
tween Egypt and the Syrtes, now Barka. Hence,
Marmarides -ae, in. a man of Marmarica.
marmor -oris, n. Oidpp.apos). I. marble.
A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., 1, a marble statue,
Ov. ; duo marmora, Ov. ; in plur., public monu-
ments, Hor. ; 2, the white foamy surface of the
sea; marmor iniidmn, Very. II. Transf., stone
generally, Ov.
marmoreus -a -um (marmor). I. marble,
made of marble; signum, Cic; aliquem marmor-
eiun facerc or ponere, to make a marble statue of,
Verg. II. Transf., like marble in smoothness or
colour; cervix, Verg.; gelu, Ov:; aequor, Verg.
Maro -onis, m. the cognomen of tlie poet P.
. Vergilius, v. Vergilius.
Marobcduus -i, m. king of the Suevi, who
was defeated by Arminius, fled to ltcdy, and was
kindly received by the Romans.
• Maronea (-la) -ae, f. (Mopui-eio). I. a town
of Italy in the Samnite country, now Marano.
II. a town in Thrace, now Marogna. Hence,
Maronites -ae, m. a Maronite.
Marpessus (Marpesus) -i, m. a mountain
in the Island of Paros. Adj., Marpessius
(Marpesius) -a -um, Marpessian.
marra -ae, f. a hoc for rooting vp weeds, Juv.
Marrubium -ii, n., v. Marruvium.
Marrucini -drum, m. a people on the coast
of Latium, between the Frentani and the river
Atemus. Hence, adj.. Marrucinus -a -um,
of at belonging to the Marrucini.
Marruvium (Marrubium) -ii, n. capital
of the Marsi, on the banks of the Lacus Fucinus,
now S. Benedetto. Adj., Marruvius -a -um,
of or belonging to Marruvium. >
Mars, Martis, m. (poet. form. Mavors). I,
.Y-rj, ihjs gol of liar. A- Lit., Mare Qtitems,
Liv- £> Metc-n., lj u&r, haul*, fight; a, lit.,
Hectoreun, with Hector, Ov. ; invadunt martem,
begin the fray, Verg. ; suo marte cadunt, in tight
with one another, Ov.; feiniueo niHite cadere, in
fight with a ' " . Ov. ; prov., suo marte, by
one's own rcsoit . vex suo marte res suas re-
cupeiavit, Cic; esp., manner of fighting ; cquilcm
suo alicimque martu puguarc— i.e., Mh on hnrse
and on foot, Liv. ; b, transf., of legal dispute.*,
forensis, Ov. ; 2, the fortune or issue of war ; aequo
marte, Liv. ; mars belli communis, Cic. ; 3,
bravery, warlike spirit; si patrii quid martis
habes, Verg. II. Transf., the planet Mars, Cic.
Adj., Martius, Martlalis (q.v.).
Marsi -oruni, in. I. tlie Marsians, " people
of Latium, notorious as sorcerers and snake-
charmers. Adj., a, Marsicus -a -um, Marsic;
bellum, the Social War, Cic ; b, Marsus -a
-um, Marsian ; ueuia, enchantments, Hor. II.
a people in Germany, between the Rhine, theLippe,
and the Ems.
marsupium -ii, n. (napo-vinov), a money-
bag, purse, pouch, Plaut.
Marstfas -ae, in. and Marsya -ae, in. (Map-
crua;). I. a satyr, beaten in a musical contest
with Apollo, who flayed him alive. A statue of
Marsyas stood in the Roman forum, at the spot
where lawyers transacted their business. II. a
river in Phrygia Major, flowing into the Maeander.
1. Martlalis -e (Mars), 1, of or relating to
Mars, consecrated to Mars; tiainen, Cic; lupi,
sacred to Mars, Hor. ; plur. subst., Martiales,
m. the priests of Mars, Cic. ; 2, relating to the
Legio Martia ; milites, Cic
2. Martlalis -is, m. M. Valerius, tlie ale-
bratcd Roman epigrammatist of Bilbilis in Spain,
who flourished under the emperors JDomitian,
Nerva, and Trajan.
Marticola -ae, c (Mars and colo), a wor-
shipper of Mars, Ov.
Mar tigena -ae, c (Mais and geno =z gigno),
begotten of Mars, offspring of Mars, Ov.
Martius -a -um (Mars). I. of or relating to
the god Mars, sacred to Mars ; a,' lit., inensis, the
month of March, Plin. ; Calendae Martiae, the Is}
of March. Cic. ; proles, Romulus and Remus, Ov. »
miles, Roman (as Mars was considered to 1> t
the ancestor of the Roniau j>cople), Ov.; Cainpiu
Martius, the plain of Mars at Rome, Cic; gramin*
Martio, or tlie Campus Martius, Hor. ; Martia
legio, name of a Roman legion, Cic. ; b, metou..
warlike; Peiitlicsilea^ Verg.; Thebe, scene of
many wars, Ov. II. Transf., belonging to the
planet Mars ; fulgor rutilus horribilisque terns
quern Martium dicitis, Cic
Marus -i, m. a river in Dacia, now the
Marosch.
mas, maris, in. the male (opp. femina), ap-
plied to men, animals, and plants. I. Lit., a
prima congressiono maris et feminae, Cic. ; mas
vitellus, a male yolk, i.e., that would produce a
male chick, Hor. ; applied to plants, ure mares
oleas, Ov. II. manly, vigorous; animi mares,
Hor. ; male mas, unmanly, effeminate, Cat.
Masaesuli and Masaesyli -drain and
-run, m. a people in Numidia.
masculinus -a -um (masculus), of the male
sex, masculine, Phaedr.
masculus -a -um (dim. of mas), of the male
sex, male. L. Lit., tura, Verg. ; libido, Hor.
Subst., masculus -i, m. a male, Liv. II.
Transf., masculine, manly, bold, courageous;
proles, Hor.
Maslnlssa -ae, m. Urigof Xumidia. .fo.'hzr if
Mia/pea, gravfyatfer of Jvrjr'?.c, cVj of th»
Soman*,
mas
3;j(-;
mat
mass a -ae, f. (p.d£a), a lump, mass ; picis,
Verg. ; esp., a, lactis coacti, of cheese, Ov. ; b,
of metals, Pliu. ; absol., a mass of gold, Ov. ;
copper, Verg. ; c, chaos, Ov.
Massagetes -ae, in. (Macrtrayt'rr)?), plur.,
Mussagetae, a Scythian people on the east coast of
the Caspian Sea.
- Massicus -i, m. a mountain in Campania,
famous for its wine, now Monte Masso or Mas-
sico; hence, Massicum vinum, or subst., Mas-
sicum -i, n. Massic wine, Hor. ; so, humor
Massicus, Verg.
Massllla -ae, f. a celebrated town in Gallia
Narbonensis, colonised from Plwcaea in Asia
Minor, now Marseilles. Adj., MassIHcnsis -e,
of or belonging to Massilia.
Massyli -drum, in. and (poet.) -um, a people
in yum id ia. Adj., MassyluS -a -um, poet.
= African; equitcs, Verg.
mastigia -ae, m. (jxacmyias), a loorthless
fellow, scoundrel, lit., one who deserves a whip-
piny, Plant.
mastruca (mastruga) -ae, f. (a Sardinian
word), a rough garment of sheep-skin, used as a
term of reproach, Plaut.
mastrucatus -a -um (mastruca), clothed in
the mastruca, Cic.
matara -ae, f. and mataris (materis)
-is, f. (a Celtic word), a Gallic pike, Caes.
matellio -onis, in. (dim. of matulu), a small
pot, vessel, Cic.
mater, matris, f. OiTJnjp), a mother. I. Lit.,
1, of men, a, dc pietate iu matreni, Cic. ;
raatrem fieri dc Jove, to become pregnant by, Ov.;
b, esp., (a) = woman, wife, Liv. ; (/3) applied to
a nurse, Verg. ; (y) to goddesses, Mater Terra,
Liv. ; magna mater, Cic, or simply, mater
(sc. deornin), Cyhele, Verg. ; Amorum, Venus,
Ov. ; 2, of animals, dam, parent, Verg. ; 3, a,
of piants, the parent stem, Verg. ; b, of towns,
mother-city ; Populonia mater, Verg.; c, of
"countries, haec terra quain matreni appellajnus,
Liv. II. Meton., motherly love ; simul matreni
labare sensit, Ov. III. Fig., source, origin;
mater omnium bonarum artium est sapientia,
Cic; utilitas justi prope rnater ct aequi, Her.
matercula -ae, f. (dim. of mater), a little
mother, Cic.
materia -ae, f. and materies -Si, f. (mater),
matter, material, stuff of which anything is com-
posed. I. Lit., A. Gen., materia rerum, Cic. ; ma-
ter- -n praebet seges arida, fuel, Ov. ; materiain
supdrabat opus, Ov. ; esp., building materials;
•lelata materia omnis infra Veliani, Liv. B. Esp.,
1, wooil; a, green wood; materies vitis, tlie stem,
Cic. ; b, wood for building, timber, Cic; ma-
teriain caedcrc, Liv. ; 2, provisions, Ov. II.
Trans?., 1, mailer, Muff, materials; ad jocaiidom,
Cic; artis, Cic ; 2, incitement, occasion, cause;
peditionis, Cic; .. ..uni sinnnii materies inali,
Hor.; materiam dare invidiae, Cic; 3, natural
disposition, abilities; Catonis, Cic
materiariUS -a -um (materia), of or relating
to timber, Plin. Subst., matcriarius -ii, ni.
a timber merchant, Plaut.
t materies -ei, f. = materia (q. v.).
materio, 1. (materies), to build, construct of
wood; aedes male materiatae, of bad wood-work,
Cic
materior, I., dep. (materia), to fell wood,
profj.ri wood, Caes.
materis = matara (q. v.).
materncs -a um (mater), of ox relating to
c. matter, mzteni.l; sanguis, Cic; tempera,
period of pregnc,\cy, Ov. ; nobilitas, on the
mother's side, Verg.; Caesar cingens materna tem-
pore lnyrto (i.e., of Venus, mother of Aeneas
and myth, ancestress of the Julian gens), Verg<-
matertera -ae, f. (mater), a mother's sister,
maternal aunt, Cic
mathematicus -a -um (ua0rmaTiKds). I.
Adj., mathematical, Plin. II. 1, subst., ma-
thematicus -i, m., a, « mathematician, Cic;
b, an astrologer, Tac. ; 2, mathematlca -ae,
f., a, mathematics, Sen.; b, astrology, Suet.
MStinus -i, in. a mountain in Apulia, famous
for its honey. Hence, adj., Matinus -a -um,
Matinc.
Matisco'-onis, f. town of the Aedui in Gaul,
now Macon.
Matius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
Matralia -Turn, n. (mater), the annualfestival
of the Mater Matuta, celebrated on the llih of
June, Ov.
matricida -ae, c (mater and caedo), a, per.
son who murders his mother, a matricide, Cic.
matricidium -ii, n. (matricida), the slaying
of a mother by her son, ■matricide, Cic
matrimonium -ii, n. (mater). I. marriage,
matrimony ; aliquant in matrinioniuni ducere,
to marry, Cic. ;dare alic.ui llliu.ni in matrimonium,
Cic ; habere aliquam in ltiatrimoiiio, Cic. ; ali-
quam ex matrimonio expellere, Cic. II. Meton.,
niatiimonia, married women, 'J'ac.
matrimus -a -um (mater), having a mother
still living, Cic.
1. matrona -.ie, f. (mater), a married woman,
matron ; esp., an honourable, noble, respectable
lady, Cic ; an epithet of Juno, Hor. ; more rarely
= wife, Cic
2. Matrona -ac, m. a river in Gallia Lugdu-
nensis, now the Manic.
matronalis -c (matrona), of or relating to a
married woman, fit for a matron, matronly; decus,
Liv. ; feriae Matronahs, a festival of the Roman
matrons held in honour of Juno Lucina on the
1st of March (hence called femineae caleudac),
Juv.
matta -ae, f. a mat of rushes, Ov.
mattca -ae, f. (fiarTva), a dainty dish, a
dainty, Mart.
Mattiacum -i, n. a town near the modern,
Wiesbaden ; hence, Mattiacus -a -um, relating
to Mattiacum.
matula -ae, f. « vessel, pot; as a term of re-
proach, simpleton! Plaut.
maturate, adv. (maturatus from maluio),
rjnickly, Plaut.
mature, adv. (nialunw). I. »' //"■ right
time, seasonably, tipjmrtimely : scnlire, Cic. ; sniis
mature occuiTere, Caes. II. 1, in good time,
betimes, soon, early; senem fieri, Cic; maturing
prolicisci, Caes. ; maturissiuie rem viiulicare,
1 !ic. ; 2, too soon, prematurely ; mature decessit,
Nep.
maturesco, matuiui, 3. (maturus). I. to
ri}>rn, becomeripe; quum maturescere fruntenta
iuciperent, Caes. II. tn come to 'maturity;
partus inaturesennt, Ov. ; nubilibus niaturuit
annis, Ov.
maturitas -.tHp. f. (maturus), ripeness. I,
Lit., of fruity, frugum, Cic. II. Transf., a, f
development, ripeness, maturity; suelerum matur-
itasin nostri consulates tempus erupit, Cic. ; of
the development of the mind ; aetatisad prudeut-
iam, Cic. ; b, the right moment of time, fulness of
titne; eius rei maturitas uequedum venit, Cic.
mature, 1. (maturus). I, Transit., A. Lit
to make fruits ripe, to ripen; uvas, Tib. ; maturata
mat
337
med
Uvu, ripe, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to do early, betimes;
liuilta . . . quae lnaturare datur, Verg. ; -2, to
quicken, hasten, accelerate; huic uiorteui, Cic. ; in-
sidias cunsuli. Sail. ; iter, Caes. ; fugaui, Verg. ;
with infill., to hasten, wake haste to do anything ;
flumen exeicitum transducers niaturavit, Caes. ;
oro ut matures venire, Cic. ; ni Catilina niatur-
asset siguuui dare, had been too hasty in giving the
signal, Sail. II. Intransit., to hasten, make haste;
successor tuus non potest ita niaturare, Cic.
maturus -a •am. I. ripe, A. Of fruits,
pnina, Cic; uva.Verg. B. ripe, mature, perfect,
seasonable; 1, lit., physically, a, maturi soles,
powerful, Verg. ; b, ripe in point of aye, grown
■up, marriageable; Virgo, Hor. ; with dat., yirgo
matura viro, Verg. ; progenies matura militiac,
ripe for, Liv. ; also aged, of ripe years; senex,
Hor.; maturus aevi, Verg.; aetas, Hor.; 2,
transf., a, intellectually and morally, ripe in
understanding and character ; annis gravis atque
animi maturus Aletes, Verg. ; b, ripe, developed,
mature, timely; gloria, Liv.; maturum vidc-
batur (it seemed the proper time) repeti patriam,
Liv. II. 1, early; liienis, Caes. ; decessio, Cic. ;
2, transf., quick, speedy; judicium, Cic.
Matuta -ae, f. the goddess of the early mom ;
gen., Matuta Mater, an ancient Italian goddess,
identified with Ino or Leucothca.
matutinus -a -urn, early in the morning,
pertaining to the morning ; tempora, Cic. ; equi,
horses of Aurora, Ov. ; pater, Janus invoked in
the morning, Hor.
Mauri -dram, m. (MaOpot), the Moors, in-
habitants of Mauritania; hence, 1, Maurus -a
•mn, Moorish; poet., African, Carthaginian ; 2,
Mauritania -ae, f. Mauritania, a district in
Africa, between Numidia and the Atlantic Ocean.
Maurusia -ae, f. (Maupovo-t'a), Mauritania.
Adj., Maurusius -a -uin, Maurilanian, also
poet, fur African.
MauSOlUS -i, m. (Mai'«rwAos), king of Carta,
husband of Artemisia, who erected a splendid
monument to his memory. Adj., Mausoleus
-a -uni, belonging to Mausolus ; sepulchrum, or
gen. subst, Mausoleum -i, n. the tomb of
Mausolus; or, in general, any splendid sepulchre,
Suet,_
mavdlo = inalo (q.v.).
Mayors -vortis, m., archaic and poet, for
Mars. Adj., Mavortlus -a -uin, belonging to
Mars, Martial; moenia, Home, Ov. ; tellus,
Thrace, Verg. ; proles, the Thebans, Ov. ; subst. ,
Mavortiu.s, Meleagcr, the son of Mars, Ov.
maxilla -ae, f. (dim. of mala), the jaw-bone,
jaw, Cic.
maxime, supcrl. of magis (q.v.).
maximitas -atis, f. (maximus), greatness,
size, Liter.
maximopere, v. maguoperc
1. maximus, superl. of niaguua (q.v.).
2. Maximus, v. Pabius.
mazonSmus -i, m. (jiafoi-d/uos), a charger,
large dish, Hor.
meamot, nieapte, v. meus.
meatus -Qs, m. (meo), 1, a going, 2^assing
motion; aquilae, flight, Tac. ; 2, a way, path,
passage; Danubius in Ponticum mare sex meat-
ibus(r;iov27>.j)erumpit, Tac.
Mecastor, v. Castor.
meddix -ieis, m. (Oscan metideicos, giver of
counsel), the name of a magistrate among the
Oceans; with the addition, tutieus, nieddix tuti-
cus, chief magistratt, Liv.
Medfa -ae, f. (M>j6ciu), an enchantress,
daughter of king Acetes in Colchis; helped Jason,
the Argonaut, to obtain the golden fleece, fled away
willi him, afterwards deserted by him.
Models -Idis, f. (Medea), magical, Ov.
medens -entis, m. (partic. of medeor), subst.,
a physician, Ov.
medeor, 2. dep. to heal, to cure ; 1, lit., a, of
persons, witli dat., morbo, Cic. ; b, prov., quum
capiti mederi debeam, reduviam euro, to neglect
a great evil while taking care of a. small one, Cic. ;
of things, to do good to, be good for, Liv. ; 2,
transf., to heal, assist, alleviate; iucouimodis
omnium, Cic. ; afflictae et perditae reipublicae,
Cic.
Midi -urum, m. (M17S01), the Mules ; poet. =
the Persians, Assyrians, 1'arthians; sing., Medus,
the Mede, poet. — Persian. Hence, a, Media -ae,
f. (Mij&'b), Media, a district of Asia ; flumeii,
Euphrates, Hor. ; b, Medicus -a -um, Median ;
transf., Assyrian, Persian; c, Medus -a -urn,
Median, poet. = Persian, Assyrian.
mediastinus -i, m. (medius), a slave who
performed menial offices, a drudge, Cic.
medica -ae, f. (M>)SiK>i), lucerne, clover, Verg.
medicabilis -e (medicor), curable; nullis
amor est medicabilis herbis, Ov.
medicamen -inis, u. (medicor), a drug,
medicine, medical substance. I. Lit., A. In a
good sense, Cic. ; fig., iratae medicamina fortia
praebe, Ov. B. In a bad sense, poison, poisonous
draught, Tac. II. Transf., 1, colouring matter,
dye, and esp., rouge, j>aint, Cic. ; 2, an artificial
means of improving a natural product, Plin.
medicarnentum -i, n. (medicor), a drug,
medicine, remedy. I. Lit., A. salutarc, Cic. ;
fig., remedy, cure; doloris, Cic. B. a poisonous
drug, poison, Cic. ; coquere medicamenta, Liv.
II. Transf., a colouring substance, Aye, Cic. ; tig.,
fucati medicamenta ruboris et candoris, Cic.
1. medicatus -a -um, p. adj. (from medico),
healing, medicinal, Plin.
2. medicatus -us, in. (medicor), a means of
enchantment, charm, Ov.
medicina -ae, f., v. medicinus.
medicinus -a -um (medicus), relating or
belonging to the art of healing. I. Adj., Van - .
II. Subst. medicina -ae, f. A. (sc. ars), the
art of healing ; niedicinam exercere, to practise
medicinf, Cic. ; medici'iam facere alicui, tn heal,
Cic. B. (sc. res), means of heeding, medicine;
niedicinam adhibere, Cic; fig., cure; laboris,
Cic.
medico, l. (medicus), to heal, cure; 1, to
sprinkle with medicinal juices, to medicate, drug :
semiua, Verg. ; partic, medicatus, e.g., medicatae
sedes, medicated, sprinkled with a preparation,
Verg. ; somnus, procured by drugs or magic, Ov. ;
2, to dye ; capillos, Ov.
medicor, 1. dep. (medicus), to heal, cure;
alicui, Verg. ; aliquid, Verg.
1. medicus -a -um (medeor), healing, whole-
some, medicinal. I. Adj., ars, Ov. II. Subst.,
medicus -i, m. a doctor, physician; inedicuni
ad aegrum adducere, Cic.
2. Medicus, v. Modi.
medie, adv. (medius), moderately, Tac.
medietas -atis, f. (medius), the middle,
midst, that which is in the middle, translation of
the Greek /xeo-ori);, Cic.
medimnum -i, n. and mSdlmnus -i, m,
(uibifivos), a Greek measure of capacity, contain-
ing six Roman medii, Cic. (genit. plur., gen.
medimnum). '
mediocria -e (ruedius), vwdaate, middling.
med.
33S
Meg
X. Lit., spatiuin, Caes. II. Transf., ], middling,
mediocre, tolerable-, indifferent; orator, vir, Cic*.
elorjuentia, Cic. ; 2, moderate, calm ; aninms,
Cacs.
medlocritas-atis, f. (mediums), 1, modera-
tion, medium, the menu between excess uiul defect ;
mediocritatcni iliain tencrc qunc est inter nitiii-
uni et parum, Cic; aureaui mediocritatem dilig-
erc, the golden mean, Hor. ; plur., mediocrilates
probabanfc, moderation in passion, Cic; 2,
city, inferiority, insignificance; ingciiii,
Cic.
mcdldcritcr.u'h'. (iiiclinciis), 1, moderately,
tolerably, not extraordinarily ; ucmo mediocriter
ductus, Cic; in uliqua ro mediocriter vensatum
esse, Cic. ; 2, with moderation ; aliquid now
mediocriter ferre, Cic.
Mediolanum -i, n. and -lanium -ii, n.
town in Cisalpine Caul (uow Milan). Hence, adj.,
Mediolanensis -e, belonging to Mediolanum.
Mediomatrici -Orum, m. apeople in Gaul,
on the Moselle.
Medion -onis, in. (MeSiW or MeScW), town
in Acarnania. Hence Medionii -orum, m.
the inhabitants of Medion.
medioximus (medioxiimus) -a -urn
(medius), that which is in the middle, the mid-
most ; dii superi atque inferi et inedioxumi,
between the celestial awl infernal deities, Plant.
mcditaruentum -i, n. (meditor), a thinking
upon anything, preparation ; in plur., belli medi-
tamenta, Tac.
meditate, adv. (meditatus, from meditor),
with meditation, designedly,thor«ughly, Plaut.
meditatio -onis, f. (meditor). I. a thinking
over anything, contemplation, meditation; 1,
gen., futuri mali, Cic; 2, esp., a preparation for
anything; obeuudi muneris, Cic. II. practice,
exercise; locos multa comraentatione atque medi-
tationejparatos atque expeditos habere, Cic.
meditatus -a -um, partic. of meditor.
mediterraneus -a -um (medius and terra),
inland, far from the sea, (op p. mariUmus); reg-
iones, Caes.; urbs, Cic; iter, Liv. Subst,
mediterraneum -i, u., gen. plur., mediter-
ranea, inland country; mediterranea Galliao
petit, Liv.
meditor, 1. dep. (connected with peKe-raio,
as lacrima with iaKpvov). I. to think over, con-
sider, meditate; 1. gen., a, with ace, liaec mid-
la, Cic; b, with deand the abb, de sua ratione,
Cic; c, with rel. sent., niecntn, quid dicerem,
Cic; 2, esp., to think upon anything in pre-
paration, study, prepare oneself for, meditate,
intend ; a, with ace, alicui pestem, Cic; accusa-
tionem, Cic. ; b, with ad and the ace, ad prae-
dam, Cic; c, with in and the ace, in proelia,
Verg. ; d, with inftn., ruultos anuos regnare, Cic.
II. Transf., to practise, exercise oneself; Demo-
sthenes perfecit meditando, ut, etc., Cic; partic,
meditatus -a -um, pass., meditated, considered,
reflected, prepared, devised; meditatutn et eogit-
atum scelus, Cic.
medium -Ii, n. the middle, v. medius.
medius -a -um (connected with lUaos -rj -oi>).
the middle, midmost, midst. I. Lit., 1, of space ;
a, gen., medius mundi locus, Cic; b, partitive,
= the middle of; in foro medio, the midst of the
foYu/m, Cic. ; c, subst., medium -ii, n. the midst,
the middle point; medium ferire, Cic; aliquein
in medium accipere, into their midst, Liv. ; ob-
scoenas voluptates faciles, communes, in medio
sitas, available to all, Cic. ; tabulae sunt in medio,
in every one's vievi, Cic ; rem in medium vocare,
to bring before a court of law, Cic. ; aliquem tol-
Itre de medio, 10 remove out of rhe vau, to murder,
Cic. ; 2, of time, a, gen., nltimum, proximum,
medium tempus, Cic; mediis dkbus, in the
intervening days, Liv. ; of age, media aetas,
middle age, Cic; b, partitive "= the middle if,-
medius dies, the middle of the day, Ov. ; c,
subst, medium -ii, n. the middle; jam diei
medium erat, Liv. II. Fig., 1, that which stands
between two extremities; a, gen., qnnm inter bcl-
lum et paccm medium nihil sit, no middle thing,
■no mean, Cic. ; b, standing between lico views or
parties, neutral, intermediate; medium quendam
cursum tenebaut, Cic. ; medium sc gerero, to
keep oneself neutral, Cic. ; medios esse jam 3 ■ • • 1 1
licebit, Cic; c, ordinary, common, usual, mid-
dling; gratia non media, Liv. ; 2, a, containing
a mixture oftieo opposites ; medium erat in Auco
ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor, Liv. ;
b, acting as mediator ; medium sc oft'ert, Verg.;
mediis diis, Ov. ; 3, coming between two persons
to disturb or separate ; quos inter medius venit
furor, Verg.
medius fldius, v. fidius.
medix, medixtuticus, v. meddix.
medulla -ae, f. (medius), marrow of bones;
I, lit., cum albis ossa medullis, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
the inmost part ; mihi haeres in medullis, / love
yon from the bottom of my heart, Cic.
Medullia -ae, f. a town in Latimn, colony of
Alba (now St. Angela). Hence, adj., Medul-
linus -a -um, of or belonging to Medullia.
medullitus, adv. (medulla), in the very
marrow; tig., inwardly, cordially, Plaut.
medullula -ae, f. (dim. of medulla), mar-
row, Cat.
1. Medus -i, m., v. Medi.
2. Medus -i, m. (MrjSos). I. a river in Persia,
now J'olwar ; poet, adj., Median iiumen, Her.
II. son of Medea, title of a tragedy by Paeuviiis.
Medusa -ae, f. (Me'Souo-a), the daughter oj
Phorcus, mother of the horse Pegasus by Neptune,
one of the Gorgons, slain by Perseus. Hence, adj.,
Medusacus -a -um, Medusean; equus, Pega-
sus, Ov. ; fons, Hippocrene, Ov.
Megabocohu3 (Megaboccus) -i, m.
Cains, fellow-conspirator with Catiline.
Megacra -ae, f. (Me'ympa), one of the Fui it s.
Megale -es, f. (MfyaAr;), the Great One,
name of Cybele. Hence, a, Megalcnsis -e,
belonging to the Magna Mater (Cybele) ; gen.
subst, Mcgalcnsia -ium.n. and Megalesia
-ium, n. the festival annually celebrated on the 4th
of April, in honour of Cybele, the Magna Mater;
b, Megalesiacus -a -um, relating to this
festival.
Megalopolis, ace -im, f. and Megale
polls, ace -in, f.(MeyaXo7ToAi?and MeyaA>) rroAts),
a townin Arcadia , birthplace of Polybins. Hence,
a, Megalopolitae -arum, m. the inhabitants
of Megalopolis ; b, adj., Megalopolltanus
-a -um, o/or belonging to Megalopolis.
Megara -ne, f. aud Megara -Orum, n.
(Mc'yopo, to). I. a townin MegarisQww Magara).
II. a town in Sicily (now Cattaro). Hence, a, adj.
Mcgarensis -e, Megarian; b, Megareus
-a -um, Megarian; c, Megareus -83 and -eos,
m. of Megara ; d, Megarious -a -um, Mega-
rian. Subst, Megarici -orum, philosophers
of the Megaric school, disciples of Buclides; e,
Megarus -a -um, Megarian.
1. Megareus v. Megara.
2. Meg&reUS -eos, m. (Meyapev's), son oj
Xeptjine, father of Hippomenes. Hence, Mega-
rcius -a -um. relating 'o Megareus; hercs, Kip-
pomenes, Ov.
Meg
339
Mem
MegariS -Mis, f. (Meynpi;). I. " district in
Greece. II. a town in Sicily, also called Megara.
megistanes -urn, in. (ney«r™»<«), grandees,
magnates, nobles, Tac.
mcherclc, meliercule, melterculcs, v. Her-
cules.
mejo, 3. to make water, Hor.
mel, mollis, n. Oie'Ai), honey. I. Lit, .stilla
inellis, Uie. ; plur., roscida mella, Vcrg. ; prov.,
of a vain attempt, mella peterc in medio liu-
mine, Ov. II. Transf., sweetness, pleasantness;
)>oetica mella, Hor. J hoe juvat et nielli est, is
pleasant, Hor.; as a term of endearment., Sem-
proiiius, mel ae dclieiae tuae, ap. Cic.
Mela -ae, m., Pomponius, a Roman writer on
geography under the Emperor Claudius.
Melampus -pSdis, ui. (MeAa/xn-oiis), a cele-
brated physician and soothsayer, sou if Amythaon.
melancholicus -a -um GieAayxoA«ds),
having black bile, melancholy, Cic.
Melanthius -H, m. Q-UKavBios), the goat-
herd of Ulysses.
Melantho -us, f. (M«-Aai/&J), a sea-nymph,
daughter of Deucalion.
Melanthus -i, m. (MoW6o 5 ). I. a river of
Sarma'.iu. II. king in Athens, father of Codrus.
HerJcc, adj., Melantheus -a -um, of or relating
to Melanthus.
melanurus -i, m. (ntXdvovpos), a kind of
sca-jish, Ov.
Melas, ace. -ana and -an, m. (Me'Aas). I. a
river of Sicily, now Mela. II. a river of Thessaly.
now Mavra-neria. III. a r,iver in Thrace, now
Kavatch.
melculum -i, n. and melciilus -i, m.
(mel), little honey (a term of endearment), Plaut.
Meldi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Celtica.
Meleager and Meleagrus (-os) -i, m.
(MeAe'aypos), son of Oeueus, king in Calydon, and
of Althaea; his life depended on the preservation
of an extinguished fire-brand, which was burnt by
his mother in anger at the death of her brother by
the hand of Meleager. Hence, Meleagris -idis,
f., plur., Meleagrides, a, sc. avesorgallinae,
guinea-fowls, Plin. ; b, the sisters of Meleager,
who, according to the legend, -were clumged to
guinea-fowls on his death.
1. Melcs -etis, m. (M<?A>]s), a river near
Smyrna, where Homer is_ said to liave been born.
Hence, adj., a, Mcleteus -a -um, belonging to
Melcs, poet., Homeric; b, Meletinus -a -um,
belonging'to Melcs.
2. Meles -lam, f. a place in Samnium.
Mcllboea -ae, f. (MeAi'/3oia), a town in Thes-
saly on Mount Ossa, birthplace of Philoctctes.
Hence, adj., Mcllboeus -a -um, Meliboean;
dux, Philoctetes, Verg.
Melicerta (-es) -ae, m. (MeAiKt'pTTjs'), son of
Athamas and Ino; I no plunged with him into
the sea to escape the fury of her husband, and
thereupon Melicerta was changed into a sea-god,
called Palaemon by the Greeks and Portumnus by
the Romans.
melicus -a -um (neAiicos), musical, Lucr. ;
esp., lyrical, lyric; poema, Cic.
M61I6 -es, f. (MtAi'o), a nymph beloved by the
river-god Paachus.
melilctos -i, f. (/ieAiAuros), a species of clover,
Ov.
lnelimeluin -i, n. (p.t\ifiri\ov), a honey-
apple, a kind of sweet apple, Hor.
nielior -us, com p. of boaus (q-v.).
mclisphyllum and melissophyllon -i,
n. (/juAicro-o^uAAor), balm, a plant if which bees
arc very fond, Verg.
Melissus -i, m. (M«'A«roros). I. n Greek
philosopher if Santos. II. C. Maecenas Melissus,
the freed man of Maecenas, and. librarian to Au-
gustus.
Melita -ae, f. and Mcllte -Os, f. (MtAinj).
I. the island of Malta. II. an island near Dal-
matia, now Melcda. III. (form -e) " sea-nymph.
Adj. , Melitensis -e, of or belonging to the island
of Malta; vestis, Cic; and subst, Mclltcnsia
-luni, n. Maltese garments, Cic.
meliusculc, adv. (meliuscuhts), somewhat
better, pretty well (in health) ; alicui est, Cic.
mcliusculus -a -um (dim. of compar.
melior), somewhat better in health. Plant.
Mella -ae, m. a river in Upper Italy, now
Mela.
inelliculum -i, u.= melculum (q.v.).
mellifer -fera -ferum (mel and fero), pro-
ducing honey; apes, Ov.
mellitus -a -um (mel), sweetened with honey;
placenta, Hor. ; transf., as sweet as honey,
pleasant, agreeable, delightful, Cat.
1. melos, n. Oe'Aos), a tune > so " n > melody, Hor.
1. Melos -i, f- (MijAo?), «»_ island of the
Aegaean Sea. Hence, adj., Melius -a -um,
Melian.
Melpomene -es, f. (MeAn-oneVrj), the muse
of tragic and lyric poetry.
membrana -ae, f. (membrum). I. a skin,
membrane, in the human or any animal body;
natura oeulos membranis teuuissimis vestivit,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, the skin or slough of a
snake, Ov. ; 2, esp., skin prepared to write on,
parchment, Hor. ; 3, surface of anything, Lucr.
membranula -ae, f. (dim. of membrana),
a little membrane; transf., parchment, Cic.
membratini, adv. (nicmbrum), 1, limb by
limb; deperdere sensum, Lucr. ; 2, transf., piece-
meal, singly; quasi membratim gestum negotiant,
Cic; of discourse, in short, detached sentences;
dicere, Cic.
membrum -i, n. I. a limb or member o)
the body, Cic. ; eaptus (crippled) omnibus me.ni-
bris, Liv. II. Transf., a, a limb, member, part,
portion of anything; omnes eius (philosopliiae)
partes atque oniiiia membra, Cic. ; b, an apart-
ment of a house; cubicula et eiusmodi membra,
Cic ; c, a clause in a sentence, Cic.
memini -nisse (connected with moneo, mens,
Gr. neiivu, ixvdu). I. to remember, recollect, be
mindful, bearinmind; (a) with genit., vivorum
memini, Cic. ; (jS) with ace, dicta, Cic. ; (y) with
de, dc Herode et Mettio meminero, Cic. ; (6) with
rel. sent., meministi quanta esset, etc., Cic. ;
(e) with ace. and iufin., memini te narrare, Cic ;
(£)with infm., Hor.; (n) absol., ut ego meniinisse
videor, Cic. II. Transf., to make mention of, to
mention; de exsulibus, Cic.
Memmius -a -um, name of a Roman gens,
to whichbelongedC. Memmius, the friend of Cicero
and Lucretius, who was condemned for bribery and-
went into exile at Athens. Heuce, a, Memmi-
ades -ae, m. one of the Memmian ge)is, a Mem-
mius ; b, Memmlanus -a -um, belonging to
Memmius.
Mcranon -5uis, m. CbUtivinv), king^ in Aethi-
opia, son of Tithonns and Aurora, killed before
Troyb'i Achilles; mater lutea Memnonis, Aurora,
Ov.; Memnonis saxa effigies, a statue of Memnon
war Thebes, which gave forth a note on being
J struck by the first rays of the s%n, Tac. -Hence,
mem
340
Men
a, adj., Memnonis -Wis, f. of or relating to
Memnon; subst., Memnonldes -um, f. the
birds of Memnon, birds which arose from his
ashes; b, Meinnonius -a -um, Memnonian;
transf., eastern, Moorish, Muck.
memor oris (meiuini). I. mindful, not
forgetful. A. Gen., 1, of persons, (a) with
genit., beneflcii, Cic.; (<3) witli rel. scut., memor
quae cssent dicta, Cic; (y) absol., lnemori
animo notavi, Ov.; 2, transf., of things, memor
libertatis vox, Li v. B. Esp., 1, a, remxmiber-
ing, thankful, grateful; minium inemor nimi-
umquc gratus, Cic'; b, unappeasable, relentless;
inemorem Junouis ob Irani, Vetg. ; 2, thought-
ful, Verg. ; 3, with a good, memory, retentive :
inemor an obliviosus sit, Cic II. Act, remind-
ing of, calling to mind; intlieii memor poeina,
Ov. (abl. sing., Iiiemoi'i always).
memorabilia -e, adj. with compar. (mem-
pro), remarkable, worthy of mention, memorable ;
rir, Liv. ; virtus, Cic.
memorandus -a -um (memoro), worthy of
being remembered, memorable ; of persons, juvenis
nicmorande, Verg. ; of things, proelimn, Liv.
memdrator -oris, m. (memoro), a narrator,
relater, Prop.
1. memoratus -a -um, p. adj. (from memoro),
celebrated, veil known ; inter paucas unemorata
populi Romani clades, Liv.
•2. memoratus -us, m. (memoro), a mention,
mentioning, Plaut.
memcrii -ac, f. (memor). I. Gen. A. Lit.,
1, of the past, remembrance, memory; primam
sacramenti memoriam, Caes. ; Pompeii memor-
iam amisisse, Cic. ; deponere, to forget, Caes. :
memoria alicuius(rei)excIdit,orabiit, or abolevb.
it has fallen into oblivion, it has been, forgotten,
Liv. ; memoriae prodere, Cic. and Nip., or
haderc, Liv., to commit to writing, to leave on
record (of historians) ; viri digni memoria, worthy
of remembrance, Cic. ; 2, of the future, thinking,
thought; periculi, Liv. ; 3, meton., recollection;
nostra, memoria, in our recollection, Cic. B.
Transf., handing down, by word of mouth or by
writing, tradition, history, information ; de
hominum memoria (oral evidence) tacere ; litter-
arum memoriam (written evidence) rlagitarc,
Cic. ; aliquid prodere memoria., by word if mouth,
Caes. ; memoria ac litteris, by word »f mouth and
by writing, Cic. II. capacity for remembering,
memory ; memoria bona, melior, Cic. ; aliquid
memoriae mandarc, Cic. ; memoria comprehend-
ere or complecti aliquid, to remember, Cic.
memdrialis -e (memoria), of or relating to
memory or remembrance, Suet.
memoriola -ae, f. (dim. of memoria),
memory, Cic.
memoriter, adv. (memor), by heart, from
memory; oratiouem memoriter habere, Cic.
memoro, 1. (memor), to mention, call to
viind, recount, relate; (a) with ace, artibusquas
supra memoravi, Sail. ; (/3) with dc and the abb,
de magna virtute, Sail. ; (y) with ace. and infin. .
id factum per ambitionein consulia inemor-
abant, Sail. ; in pass, with nom. and infin., ubi
ea gesta esse memorantur, Cic.
Memphis -idls, f. (>IeV£i«), a celebrated city
of Egypt. Hence, a, Memphites -ae, m he-
longing to Memphis; bos, Apis, Tib. ; b, Mem-
phiticus -a -um, belonging to Memphis; c,
Memphitis -idis, f. belonging io Memphis, and
poet. = Egyptian; vacca (of Io), Ov.
Menae -arum, f. (MtVai), town in Sicily, now
Veneb. Adj., MSnaenus -a -um, o/Menae.]
Menander -dri, m. (MtVartyos), a Jameut
Greek comic poet, imitated by Terence. Ad,].,
Menandreus -a -um, Menandrian.
Menapxi -orum, m. a people in Gallia Celt ice,
between, the Meuseand the Scheldt.
menda -ae, f., v. memlum.
mendacium -ii, n. (mendax). I. a lie,
falsehood, untruth; impudens, Cic. ; mendacium
alicnitis refellere et redarguere, Cic. II. d tit,
deception ; oculorum reliquorumqne sensuum
mendacia, Cic.
mendaciunculum -i, n. (dim. of meu-
dacium), o little lie, Cic.
mendax -aeis (mentior). I. lying, menda-
c&otK ; homo, Cic. Subst., mendax -aeis, m.
a liar, Cic. II. OL inanimate objects, deceitful,
counterfeit, false, -untrue; visa, Cic; speculum,
Ov. ; fundus, bearing less than the expected crop,
Hor.
Mendes -etis, f. (MeYSijO, « 'own in Egypt
on the Nile. Hence, adj., Mendesius -a -um,
Mcndcsian.
mendlcabulum -i, n. (mendico), a lieggar,
Plant.
mendicitas -atis, f. (mendicus), the con-
dition of a beggar, indigence, poverty, Cic.
mendico, 1. and mendicor, 1. dep.(mcn-
dicus). I. [ntransit., to beg, go begging, Plaut.
II. Transit., to beg for; mcndiiatus erbus,
Ov.
mendiculus -a -um (dim. of mendicus), '» r -
longing to a beggar, Plaut.
mendicus -a -um, poor'as a beggar, beggarly,
indigent. I. Lit., of persons, solos sapientes
esse, si meudicissimi (sint), divitcs, Cic. Subst.,
iiiendicus -i, m. a beggar, Cic; plur., men-
dici, the begging priests of Cybele, Hor. II.
Transf., of things, paltry, pitiful, beggarly; in-
strument uni, Cic.
mendose, adv. (mendosus), faultily, erron-
eously, incorrectly ; scribere, Cic; mendosissime
scriptum esse, Cic.
mendosus -a -um (mendum). I. Toss., full
of faults; a,, full of physical blemishes; nee equi
mendosa sub illo deteriorque viro facies, Ov. ;
b, full of inaccuracies ; historia rerun i nostrarum
est facta mendosior, Cic ; c, yoet.,fu!l of moral
blemishes; mendosi mores, Ov. II. Act., making
a mistake; cur servus semper in Vermeil nomine
mendosus esset, Cic.
mendum -i, n. and menda -ae, f. I. a
bodily defect, blemish, Ov. II. a, an error, mis-
take, in writing; quod mendum iatalitura cor-
rexit? Cic; b, a mistake in reasoning or calcula-
tion, Cic.
MenecleS -is, 111. (MeveKArjs), an Asiatic,
rhetorician of Alabanda. Hence, adj., IVIenec-
lius -a -um, of ox relating to Menecles.
MenelaUS (-OS) -i, m. (Mere'Aaos). son of
Atreus, brother of Agamemnon, husband of Helen.
Hence, adj., Menelaeus -a -um, of or relating
to Mentions.
MeneniUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens,
io which belonged Menenius Agrippa, consul,
said to have composed the differences between the
patricians and the plebeians on the secession of
the latter.
Meninx CMenix) -in?is, f. (Minvf), an
island near Africa, now Jerbi.
Menippus -i, m. (yUvmiros). I, a Cynic
philosopher. II. the greatest' of the Asiatic era-
tors of the time of Cicero.
Me'noecetiB -8i and -eos, m. (Mcvoikcvs), son
of the Theban king Creon, who sacrificed. his lifs
for his country inobcdieiv.e to an orqelz,
Men
341
mer
Menoetiades -ae, m. (Mt-romaSr)?), the son
of Menoetins, i.e., Patroclus, Ov.
mens, mentis, f. (root MEN, whence memini),
themind. I. A. the mind, opinion, ivay of think-
ing, character; vestrae mentes atque sentciitiae,
Cic B. the wind as tlte seat of feeling ; 1, gen.,
mens mollis :cil perferendas calamitntes, Cic;
2, esp., the conscience, Cic. II. the mind, under-
standing, reason, intellect, judgment. A. Gen.,
mens cni regnum totitis animi a natura trihutum
est, Cic.; mente eomplectialiquid, to comprehend,
Cic. ; mentis suae esse, mentis compotem esse,
to be in possession of one's faculties, Cic. ; captus
mente, insane, Cic. B. Esp., 1, reflection, in-
sight ; sine alia mente, Cic; 2, courage; addere
meuteui, to inspire courage, Hor. ; demitteie
mentem, to lose coinage, Verg. ; 3, passion, Hot. ;
4, the thoughts ; a, venit (mihi) in mentem, it
occurs to me, I remember, Cic. ; temporis, Cic. ;
non venit in mentem pugna ? Liv. ; classem ea
mente comparavit, ut, with that intention, Cic. ;
b, esp., opinion, plan, resolve; mutajam istam
mentem, Cic. C. Person., Mens, as goddess of
understanding, Cic.
mensa -ae f. (perhaps from root MEN, whence
eininere, anything raised np), a table, 1, esp.,
a table, for eating upon; a, lit.,' mensas cibis
exstruere, Cic. ; mensam ponere, to bring in
dinner, Ov. ; tollere, Cic, removcre, Verg.,
to take, dinner away ; b, metcm., a course ; mensa
secunda, dessert, Cic; 2, a, the. table or counter
of a money-changer, banker; publico, a public
bank, Cic. ; b, a sacrificial table, altar, Verg.
mensarius -li, m. (mensa), a money-changer,
banker, esp., a public banker who regulated the
payments out of the. treasury, Cic. ; mensarii tres-
viri, quinqueviri, Liv.
menslo -onis, f. (metior), a measuring ; voe-
um, Cic.
mensis -is, m. (root MEN, whence /^v, p.i)vg,
English month), a month; intercalarius, Cic.
mensor -oris, m. (metior). I. a measurer;
maris el terrae, Hor. II. a measurer of land,
Ov.
menstrualis -e (menstruus), monthly, Plant.
menstruus -a -urn (mensis). I. monthly;
usura, Cic. IL lasting for a month; spatium,
Cic. ; subst, menstruum -i, n. (sc. frumen-
tum), victuals, rations for a month, Liv.
mensula -ae, f. (dim. of mensa), a little
table, Plant.
mensura -ae, f. (metior), a. measuring. I.
Lit., mensuram abcuius rei facere, to measure,
Ov. II. Meton., a measure; 1, length, thick-
ness, size, circumference, etc. ; a, of space, nosse
mensuras itinerant, Gaesi; b, of time, alicnimen-
snram bibendi dare, Ov. ; 2, a measure, that by
which anything is measured; majore mensura
reddere, Cic ; qui modus mensurae medimnus
appellator, which species of measure, Nep. ; 3,
measure = size, nature, diameter; mensuram
nominis implere, to be worthy of one's name,
character, capacity, Ov. ; legati, Tac.
' menta (mentha) -ae, f. (niV9i)), the herb
mint, Ov.
mentiens -entis, m., partic of mentior, as
subst., a fallacy, sophism, Cic.
mentio -onis, f. (memini), a speaking of,
mention; mentionem facere alicuius rei, or dc
aliqua re, or do aliquo, to make mention of, to
mention; esp., to bring before the senate, Cic;
casu in eorum mentionem incidi, / mentioned
them accidentally, Cic. ; alicuius rei mentionem
movere, to mention, Liv.
mentior, 4. dep. (mens), to lie, utter that
which is not true, v:hether intentionally or not. I.
Intransit., A. Gen., 1, of persons, si te mentirt
dicis, venimque dicis, mentiris, Cic. ; apertc,
Cic. ; in aliqua re, de. aliqua re, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
of inanimate objects, to deceive, mislead; frons,
oculi, vidlus peisaepp ineittiuntnr, Cic. B. 1,
of poets, (o feign, invent; iia meutitur (Hum-
erus), Hor. ", 2, to fail in a promise, break oar*
word ; quod promisisti mihi, quod mentita, m-
imica es, Cat.; men tin huiiestius, Cic. IX.
Transit., A. to say something falsely, to invent; 1,
gen., a, lit., Cic ; tantam rem, Sail. ; res quas
mentiris, Ov. ; b, transf., of things, in quibus
nihil umquam immensa et infmita vetustas
mentita sit, Cic ; 2, to deceive, disappoint ;
seges mentita spem, Hor. B. 1, to allege falsely,
speak falsely about ; auspicium, Liv. ; 2, to
counterfeit, jniton, assume; centum liguras, Ov.;
partic, mentltUS -a -um, as pas.-., invented,
feigned, Verg.
Mentor -oris, m. (Me'itu^), a celebrated
artist in metal work. Hence, adj., Mentoreiia
-a -um, of or relating to Mentor.
mentum -i, n. the chin, Cic.
meo, 1. (connected with eo), to go, pass;
I, of persons, domus Plntonia, quo siinul
mearis, Hor.; 2, of inanimate objects, quum
triremes hue illuc mearent, Tac ; mean lia
sidera, Ov.
meopto, v. mens.
mephitis -is, f. 1, anoxious exhalation from
the earth, malaria, Verg. ; 2, personif., Meph-
itis, the goddess who protects against malaria, Tac.
mcraciilus -a -um (dim. of meracus), toler-
ably pure, unmixed, Plant.
meraCUS -a -um (merus), pure, unmixed. I.
Lit., vinum nieracins, Cic. ; hellebornm, Hoi.
II. Transf., undiminished ; libertas, Cic.
mercabilis -e (mercor), that can be Imut/ht,
Ov.
mercator -oris, m. (mercor). I. « mer-
chanl, wholesale trailer (opp. canpo, a shopkeeper,
retailer), Cic. II. Transf., a buyer; signornin,
Cic. ; transf., provinciarum, Cic.
meroatoriUS -a -um (mei-Ca^V), relating to
a trader; Davis, a merchant-shiy '-lailt.
mercatura -ae, f. (mercor), trade, traffic;
mercaturas facere, to car ry on trade, Cic. ; transf.,
non erit ista amicitia, sed mercatura quaedam
utilitatum suarum, Cic
mercatUS -us, >n (mercor). I. trade, traffic,
business, Cic. II. a market, fair, public place
of business; lnercatum indicere, habere, Cic. ;
ad mercatum proflci.sci, Cic ; frequens, a fill
market, Liv.
meroedilla "-ae, f. (dim. of merces), 1, a
small reward, low wages; mercedula adducti,
Cic. ; 2, low rent; praediorum, Cic.
mercennarius (mercenarius) -a -um
(orig. mercedlnarius, then mercednarins, then
assimilated mercennarius, from merces), hired,
paid, mercenary; miles, Liv.; testes, suborned,
Cic. ; of things, arma, Liv. ; liberalitas, Cic.
Subst., mercennarius -li, m. a hired servant,
hireling, Cic
merces -edis, f. (mereo). I. hire, pay,
wages, reward, fee, salary ; 1, gen., a, in a good
sense, operae, Cic; condueere aliquem mereede,
Cic; b, in a bad swise, hire, bribe. ; lingua
astricta mereede, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, tlie fee of a
teacher ; mereede docere, Cic. ; b, the pay of
soldiers ; mereede indites conducere, Liv. ; 3,
transf., euphem., a, pay = punishment ; teincr-
itatis, Cic; b, = /i(iw, loss; istnc nihil dolere
non sine magna mereede enntlngit, Cic. IL
interest, rent, Income, - praediorum, Cic. ; iusui-
mer
34*
Mes
amm, rent, Cic. ; quinas hie capiti mereedes
exsecat, 5 per rent., Hor.
mercimonlum -ii, n. (merx), goods, i»«"
chandise, Plant.
mercor, 1. «l<-p. (merx). I. Intransit, to
carry on trade, to traffic, Plant. II. Transit.,
tn tii.:; a, lit., fundum de pupillo, Cic. ; aliquid
an aliquo, Cic; nliqnid tanto pretio, Cic. ; b,
transf., offlcia vita, with life, Cic; hoc magno
mereentur Atridae, would give, a high price for,
Verg.
Mercurius -Ii, m. 1, Mercury, identified
with the Greek Hermes, son of Jupiter and Maia,
the messenger of the gods, inventor of the lyre, god
of oratory, conductor of the souls of the dead to the
lower world, patron of merchants and thieves;
2, the planet Mercury. Hence, adj., Merciiri-
alis -e, of or relating to Mercury; viri, lyric
poets, Hor. Subst, Merciiriales -lum, m. a
corporation of traders at Rome, Cic.
xnerda -ae, f. excrement, Hor.
mere, adv. (merus), purely, without', mixture,
Plant.
merenda -ae, f. an afternoon meal, taken
between 4 and 5 r.M.
merens -entis, partic of mereo.
mereo -ui -Itum, 2. and mereor -Ttns sum,
2. dep. I. A. to earn, obtain ; 1, lit., mereri non
ampliua duodecim aeris, Cic; nardo vina, to ex-
change, Hnr. ; 2, transf., f <o earn, win; nullam
gratiam lioc hello, Liv. ' B. to earn pay as a
soldier = to serve as a soldier; gen., nierere or
mereri stipendia, Cic ; sub aliquo imperatore,
Liv.; equo, equis, in the cavalry, Cic ; pediblis,
in the infantry, Liv. II. A. tu deserve, merit,
be worthy of; 1, in a good sense, praemia,
laudem, Caes. ; ut honorilms decoraretur, Cic. ;
2. in a had sense, to merit (punishment, etc.);
odium, Caes. ; poenam, Ov. ; fustuailum, Liv. ;
meruisse mori, Ov. ; partic, a, merens, de-
serving; in a good sense worthy, in a had sense
guilty, Sail.; b, meritus ; (a) net., deserving;
merit! juvenci, verg. ; (/3) pass., deserved, merited ;
dona, Liv. ; iracundia, Cic. B. mereri de, to
tte, rve of; in a good and had sense, bene, op-
time de repnhlica, Cic; male de civihus suis,
Cic. ; ita se de populo Romano meritoa esse ut,
etc., Caes.
meretricie, adv. (meretricius), after the
manner of a harlot, Plant.
meretricius -a -tun (meretrix), n/or relating
to a harlot or prostitute ; amores, Cic.
meretricula -ae, f. (dim. of meretrix), a
public prostitute, Cic.
meretrix -Icis, f. (mereo), a public prosti-
tute, harlot, Cic.
mergae -arum, f. (mergo), a two-pronged
fork, Plant.
merg&s -gitis, f. a sheaf of corn, Verg.
mergo, mersi, mersum, 3. I. to dip, plunge
into weder, immerse. A aves «iuac se in man
mergunt, Cic. ; nee me dens aequore mersit,
Verg. B. to sink; naves in alto, Liv. II.
Transf., A. 1, to sink down, plunge in, fix in ;
canes mersis in corpora rostris dilacerant
dominuni, Ov. ; caput in terrain, Liv. ; middle,
inergi, of stars, to sink, Ov. ; 2, transf., to sink,
overwhelm, immerse; me his malis, Verg.; funere
acerho, to destroy by a bitter death, Verg. ; se in
voluptates, Liv. ; vino somnoque mersi jacent,
sunk in wine and sleep, Liv. B. to hide, conceal;
suos in cortice vultus, Ov.
mergUS -i, m. (mergo), a diver, gull, Verg.
meridianus -a -um (meridies). I. of or
relating to midday, meridian; tempus, Cic;
pol, Liv. II. southern; regio, Liv.; vallis, Liv.
meridiatio -5nis, f. (meridio), a noontide
repose, midday sleep, siesta, Cic
meridies ->"i, m. (for medidies, from inedius
and dies), 1, midday, noon, Cic; 2, the south;
inflectens sol cursum tuni ad septentriones,
tuiu ad meridiem, Cie.
meridio, 1. and meridior, l,dep. (merl'
dies), to take, a siesta or midday sleep, Cat.
Merifines-ae, m. (M>ipidiris), (i Cretan, fiend
and charioteer of Idomeneus,
1. merito, 1. (intens. of mereo), to earn ,*
fundus qui sestertia dena meritasset, brought in,
Cic
2. merito, adv. (meritus), deservedly, with
reason, rightly; merito sum iratus Metello, Cic;
merito ac jure laudari, Cic SuperL, mentis-
simo, Cic
meritorius -a -um (mereo). I. that for which
hire is paid or by which money is made; rheda,
a hackney-coach, Suet. Subst., meritoria
-orum, n. lodgings, Juv. II. gaining money by
prostitution, Cie.
meritum -i, n. (mereo). I. desert, and
hence, reward, punishment ; merita invenire,
Sail. II. desert, merit, any action which deserves
thanks or reward. A. magnitudo tuorum in me
meritorum, Cic. B. 1, a goad action, benefit;
dare et reeipere merita, Cic. ; 2, demerit, blame,
fault; non nieo merito, Cic; nullo nieo in se
merito, though I am guilty of no offence against
him, Liv. ; 3, worth, value, importance of a tiling;
quo sit merito quaeque notata dies, Ov.
meritus -a -um, partic of mereo (q.v.).
merobibus -a -um (merum ami bibo),
drinking wine unmixed, Plant.
Meroe -es, f. (Mcpd>;), a large island in the
Nile.
Merope -es, f. (Mfpum;), daughter of Atlas,
wife of Sisyphus, one of the Vleiades, whose star is
dimmer than the others because she married a
mortal.
1. Merops -Cpis, m. (Mcpoi/-), king ofAethi-
opia, husband of Clymcne, who bore Phaethon to
Apollo.
2. merops -opis, f. (pepo^), a bird, the. bee-
eater, Verg.
mei'SO, 1. (intens. of mergo), to dip in, im-
merse; gregem fluvio, Verg.; transf., mersari
civilibus undis, Hor.
merula -ae, f. 1, a blackbird, Cic ; 2, a fish,
thl sea-carp, Ov.
merum -i, n., v. merus.
merus -a -um. I, pure, unmixed, esp. ap-
plied to wine ; vinum, Ov. ; and suhst.,
merum -i, n. v>ine unmixed with water (only
drunk by the intemperate), Hor. ; undue, water
not mixed with wine, Ov. ; fig., meram hauriens
lihertatem, unrestrained, Liv. II. A. naked,
uncovered; pes, Juv. B. 1, mere, only, nothing
but, Cic; merum helium loqui, to talk of nothing
bid war, Cic. ; 2, real, genuine; meri principes,
Cic ; libertas, Hor.
merx, mercis, f. merchandise, goods, wa re ;
fallaces et fucosae, Cic. ; femijieae, for women,
Ov.
Mesembria -ae, f. (\Uo-qixPpla), a town in
Tin-are at the. foot of Mount Ilaemv.s. Hence,
adj., Mcsembiiacus -a -um, of or relating to
Mesembria.
Mesopotamia -ae, f. (M>cr07roTafxia), «
country of Asia between the Euphrates and the
Tigris.
Mcssalla (Mcssala) -ae, m. a cognomen oj
the gens Valeria, the. most, celebrated members oj
which were: 1, M. Valerius Mcssalla Corviuus,
Mes
343
meu
the patron of Tibullus, a skilled orator ; and 2,
Messalina, tlie wife of the Emperor Claudius.
Messana -ae, f. a town in Sicily, on the
straits between Italy and Sicily, now Messina.
Hence, Messenius -a -um, Messenian.
Messapla -ae, f. old name of a part of timer
Italy, Calabria. Hence, Mesaaplus -a -um,
Messapian,
Messene -es, f. (Me<nr>>r)), the chief town in
the district of Messenia in the Peloponnese. Hence,
Messenius -a -um, Messenian.
messis -is, f. (meto -ere), harvest. I. A.
Lit., messem amittere, Cic. ; the gathering of
honey, Verg. B. Meton., 1, a, the grain gathered
in, harvest; illius innuensae ruperunt horrea
messes, Verg. ; b, the crop, standing crop, Ov. ;
2, the time of harvest, harvest-tide, Verg; and
poet., the year; sexagesima messis, Mart. II.
Fig., ilia Sullani temporis messis, Cic.
messor -oris, m. (meto-Sre), a reaper, mower,
Cic.
messorius -a -urn (messor), of or relating to
a reaper; corbis, Cic.
meta -ae, f. a conical or pyramid-shaped figure.
I. Gen., collis in raodum metae in acutum cacu-
men fastigatus, Liv. II. Esp., 1, the pyramidal
columns at the extremities of tlie Roman circus
(the race consisted in making the circuit scveu
times); metnque fervidis evitata rotis, Hor.; fig.,
in flexu aetatis liaesit ad metas, he was un-
fortunate, Cic; hence, 2, a, a place round which
one has to go ; metas lustrare Pachyni, Verg. ; b,
the goal, end, term, boundary; mortis, aevi,Verg.;
vitae metim tangere, Ov.
metallum -i, n. (p.eVaAAoi'). I. a metal,
gold, silver, iron, etc. ; potior metallis libertas,
gold and silver, Hor. II. Meton., a mine,
quarry ; reditus metalloium, income, Liv. ; me-
talla instituit, Liv.
metamorphosis -is, f. (/uETajuop^uo-i;), a
transformation, metamorphosis; plur., Meta-
morphoses -6on, the title of a poem by Ovid.
Metapontum -i, n. (MeTa-novTiov), « Greek
colony in Lucania. Hence, adj. Metaponti-
nus -a -um, Metapontine.
metator -oris, m. (metor), a measurer, one
who marks ; castrorum, Cic. ; urbis, Cic.
Metaurua -i, m. (MeYavpos), a river in
Umbria, where Hasdrubal was defeated and slain
207 a.c. Adj., poet., Metaurum flumen, Hor.
Metellus -i, m. a cognomen in the Cdecilian
gens, the most remarkable members of -which were :
1, Qu. Metellus Macedonicus, who made Mace-
donia a Roman province, piroverbial for the success
of his private and public life; 2, Qu. Caecilius
Metellus Numidicus, general in the war agabist
Jugurtha ; 3, C. Caecilius Metellu3 Celer, a con-
temporary of Cicero' husband of Clodia; 4, Qu.
Caecilius Metellus Pius (Scipio), son of Scipio
Nttsiea, adoptive son of Qu. Metellus Pius, father-
in-lam of Pompelus. Hence, adj., Metellinus
-a -uin, relating to Metellus; orotio, against
Metellus Nepos, brother of Celer, Cic.
Metereus -a -um, Meterextn; turba, a people
near tlie Danube on the Black Sea, Ov.
Mcthymna -ae, f. (ilriOviiva), a town in
Iscsbos. Hence, adj.,^a, Methymnaeus -a
-um ; b, Methymnias -adis, f. of or relating
to Methymaa.
meticulosus -a -um (metus), l,full of fear
fearful, Plant. ; 2, exciting fear, fearful, Plaut.
metior, mensus sum, 4. dep. to measure. I.
Lit., A. agium, Cic. ; pedes syllabi's, Cic. B. 1,
to measure out, distribute; fiumentorum exer-
citus, Cic; 2, to measure, traverse, pass over;
aequor curru, Verg. ; iter amnium, Cat. II.
Transf., to measure according toacerlain standard,
to measure, estimate, judge of; sonantia auvibus,
Cic. ; oculo latus alicuius, Hor. ; omnia quaestu,
estimate everything with reference to gain, Cic. ;
odium aliormn siio odio, Liv. ; fldelitatem ex
mea conscientia, Cic
M£ti6sedum -i, n. town in Gallia Lug-
dunensis, in the country of the Senones.
1. meto, messui, messum, 3. I. Intransit,
to reap, mow, gather liarvest ; in metendo occupati,
Caes. ; applied to the vintage, Verg.-; prov., ut
semen tern feceris, ita et metes, as a man sows, ss
shall he reap, Cic. II. Transit., A. to mow,
reap ; arva, Prop. ; farra, Ov. ; transf., of bees,
apes metunt flores, Verg. B. 1, to crop off. pluck
off, cut off; virga lilia summa metit, Ov.; barbam
forttce, Mart. ; 2, in battle, to hew down, mo?{
down; proxima quaeque metit gladio, Verg. .
2. Meto (-on) -onis, m. (MeTw), a celebrated
Athenian astronomer.
3. meto -are = metor.
metor, 1. dep. (meta). I. to measure; caelum,
Ov. II. to measure off, lay out, define the bound-
aries of any spot; regiones, Liv.; castra, Sail.;
frontem castrorum, Liv.
metreta -ae, f. OirrpTjnjs), 1, a Greek liquid
measure, containing about nine English gallons;
2, a large tub, cask, Juv..
Metrodorus -i, m. (MTjrpdSiopo?). I. a
disciple of Epicurus. II. a rlietorician and
philosopher of Skepsis in Mysia, disciple of Car-
neades.
.'- Metropolis, ace. -im, f. (MirrpdnroAi?), town
in Thessaly, between Pharsalus and Gomphi.
Hence, a, Metropolltae -arum, m. (MijTpo-
7roAiTai), inliabitunts of Metropolis; b, Metro-
pdlitanus -a -um, belonging to Metropolis.
met rum -i, n. (niTpov), a measure; and esp.,
the measure of verses, metre, Mart.
Mettlus (MetlUS) -li, m. a magistrate of the
Albani.
metuendus -a -um, p. adj. (from metno),
fearful; rnultae metuendaeque res, Cic.
metuens -entis, p. adj. (from metuo), fear-
ing, standing in awe of; legum, Cic.
metuo -tii -utum, 3. (metus). I, Intransit,
to fear, be afraid (esp. of some threatening
evil, while timere is rather of fear of an object
actually present); de sua vita, for his life,
Cic ; ab Hannibale, Liv. ; senectae, Verg. II.
Transit., to fear. A. aliquem, Cic. ; insidias ab
aliquo, Cic ; metuit tangi, he is afraid of being
touched, Hor. ; metuo ne . . . J fear that some-
thing will liappen ; metuo ut . . . / fear that
something will not happen, Cic. B. to shun, seek
to avoid; nocentem corporibus Austrum, Hor.
metus -us, m. fear, apprehension, dread. I.
Lit., 1, in metu esse, Cic ; adducere aliquem in
eum metuin ut, etc., Cic. ; metum facere, to cause
fear, Ov. ; deponere metum, Cic. ; "with geuit.,
existimationis, Cic. ; with ab or ex, a Romanis,
Liv.; with ne and the subj., Cic; metus hostilis,
fear of an enemy, Sail. ; propter te, Cic. ; de me,
Cic; 2, reverence, awe; laurus multos metu
servata per ar.nos, Verg. II, Meton., 1, the
object of fear, Tac. ; 2, danger, crisis; metus
maximi belli, Cic. (dat., metu, Verg., Tac). .
mens -a -um (root ME, MI), poss. pron. my,
mine, my oum. I. Adj., 1, meum dictum con-
sulis, Liv. ; meuin est with infln., it is my duty,
falls to my lot, Cic. ; meus hie est, Ae is in my
power, Plaut.; nisi plane esse vellem meus, except
I wished to be quite original, Cic ; Nero mens; i/ny
friend Nrro, Cic; 2, against me; ftrinilna Iriea,
Mev
344
mini
charges against me, Liv. II. Stilish, 1, mea
-ae, f. my love, Ov. ; 2, meum -i, n. »ifne own;-
plnr., mSa -oram, n. my possessions, Cic. ; 3,
mei -oruin, m. my attendants, slaves, my people,
Cic (voe., sing, masc, mi, but also poet.,
mens, Yerg. ; genit. plnr., ineilm, Phut. The
oases of mens are frequently strengthened by
the enclitic additions, met, pte ; meopte, meapte,
meamet, Plaut.).
Mevanla -ae, f. a town in Umbria, now
Bevagna.
Mezentius -ii, m. (lit., a prince, ruler), name
of a tyrant of Caere or Agylla.
mica -ae, f. a crumb, morsel, grain; mica
saliens (sc. §alis), Hor.
Micipsa -ae, m. son of Masinissa, king of
Numidia,
■ micans -antis (partic. of mico), shining, glit-
tering, sparkling, Ov.
mico -iii, 1. to move rapidly tip and down,
tremble, heat like the- pulse. I. 1, venae et arte-
riae micare non desinuiit, Cic. ; micat (equus)
auribus, Verg. ; corda timore micant, Ov. ; auri-
bus, Verg. : 2, micare digitis, to play at a game
which consisted in holding out the fingers suddenly
that another might guess their number (Ihe Italian
game of alia mora) ; quid enim sors est? Idem
propeinodum quod micare, Cic. ; prov., of a
thoroughly honourable man ; digitus qnicuin in
tenebris niices, Cic. II. to shine, glitter, sparkle;
ignibus aether, Verg. ; micant gladii, Liv.
Midas (Mida) -ae, m. (Mc'Jm), a king of
Fhrygia, ujio received from Bacchus the gift of
turning to gold everything that he. touched; as
judge in a musical contest between Apollo and Pan
he decided in favour of Ban, and Apollo punished
him by changing his ears into those of an ass. *
Migdllybs -lybis, m. (piySa and Aty), one
of mixed African and Tyrian race, as the Cartha-
ginians, Plant.
migratlo -finis, f. (inigro), a removal from,
one place of abode to another, migration, Cic. ;
transf., verbi migrationes (sunt) in alienum
multae, metaphorical uses, Cic.
migro, 1. I. Inrransit., to remove from one
plate to another, quit a place, depart. A. Lit.,
etiam mures migrarunt, Cic. ; ab Tarquiniis,
Liv. B. Transf., 1, gen., de vita, ex vita, to
die, Cic. ; 2, esp., to change; omnia migrant, all
things change, Lucr. ; in colorem mannoreum,
to be changed into, Lucr. II. Transit, 1, to
remove from one place to another, trans-port ;
migratu difflcilia, difficult of transportation, Liv.;
2, to transgress ; jus civile, Cic. (nrchaist.,
migrassit = migra vent, Cic).
mil ... v. mill . . .
Milanlon -Onis, m. (MetAafcW), husband of
Atnlanta.
miles -Itis, c. (millc), a soldier. I. Gen.,
*a, lit., a soldier; scribere indites, to enrol, Liv.;
ordinare, to draw vp in order, Liv. ; mercede
conducere, to take into pay, Liv. ; dimittcre
indites, Cic. ; a common soldier, Liv. ; b, poet,
transf., (a) of persons, nova miles eram, Ov. ;
(fi) a piece on a draught-board, Ov. II. indites
= infantry, as opposed to cavalry, Caes.; miles,
used collectively, Liv.
Miletus -i (Mi'Atjtos). I. m., myth., father
of Caunus and Byblis, mythical founder of Miletus.
II. f. a town in Caria. Hence, adj., 1, Miles-
ius -a-um, Milesian; 2, Miletls -idis, f., a,
daughter of Miletus = Byblis, Ov. ; b, belonging
to the town Miletus ; nrbs, Tomi, a colony of the
Milesians, Ov.
militaris -e (miles), of or relating to a soldier
or to war, military; tribuni, Cic. ; signn, Cic!;
aetas, the. legal period of military service, from
the seventeenth, namely, to the forty-sixth year,
Tac. Snbst., militaris -is, m. n soldier, war-
rim; Tac.
militariter, adv. (militaris), ?7) a military
or warlike manner; lft*fa silii militariter aedi-
ficare, Liv.
militia -ae, f. (miles), military service, war-
fare. I, Lit., muims militiae sustinere, Caes. j
discere, Sail. ; militiae vacatio, exemption from
military service, Caes. ; domi niilitiaeque, domi
et militiae, at home and abroad, at peace and in
war, Cic. II. Melon., the military, soldiery;
cogere niilitiam, Liv.
milltc, 1. (miles), to serve as a soldier, be a
soldie? ; in exercitu alicuius, Cic. ; sub signis
alicuius, under any one's command, Liv.; transf.,
to serve under the banners of love; militavi non
sine gloria, Hor.
milium -Ii, n. (jx€\h >]), millet, Verg.
millc, numeral, a thousand. I. Adj., millo
passilms, Caes. II. Snbst., a thousand. A.
Lit., sing., mille with genit., mille hominum
versabatur; plnr., millia or milia, viginti mini-
bus peditum, quatuor equitum, Liv. ; esp.,
mille passunm, a thousand paces, a mile (among
the Romans, less by 142 yards than the English
mile), Cic. B. Transf., innumerable, countless;
mille pro uno Caesones exstitisse, Liv. ; temptat
mille modis, Hor.
millesimus -a -lira (mille), the thousandth ;
pars, Cic; adv., millcsimum, for the thovsauilth
time, Cic
milliarius (miliarius) -a -ran (mille),
containing a thousand. I, Gen., Plin. II, Esp.,
containing a thousand paces. Snbst., milli-
arium -ii, n. a mile-stone, Cic. ; auremn, the
central stone erected by Augustus in the forum,
from which the miles were measured, Tac.
millies (milies, miliens), adv. (mille),
1, a thousand times; plus millies audivi, Ter. ;
2, innumerable times, countless times; millies
melius, a thousand times better, Cic.
1. Kilo (-on) -onis, m. (MiAur), of Crotona,
a celebrated athlete.
2. Milo -onis, m., T. Annius Milo Papianus,
tribune of the people with Clodius (f>7 B.C.), whose,
adversary he was, and whom he slew in a street
brawl on the Appian Way; on his trial for the
murder he was defended by Cicero. Hence,
Milomanus -a -um, relating to Milo; subst.,
Mlloniana -ae, f, (sc. oratio), the speech of
Cicero in defence of Milo.
Miltiades -is and -i, in. (MiAtioStj?), a cele-
brated Athenian general icho conquered the Per-
sians at Marathon.
miluinus (milvinus)s-a -um (milvus), of
or relating to a kite; pullus, a. young kite (lig.
of the son of an avaricious man), Cic.
miluus (milVUS) -i, m. I. a kite, hawk,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a fish, the gurnard, Ov. ;
2, a star, Ov.
Mllyas -adis, f. (MiAvas), a district ofPhrygia
Major.
mima -ae, f. (mimus), a female mime, Cic.
Mimallonis -idis, f. a Bacchante. Adj.,
Mimalloncus -a -um, Bacchanalian.
Mimas -antis, m. (Mi'^as). I. a mountain
in Ionia, opposite Chios. II. a giant.
mimice, adv. (mimieus), like a mime or
buffoon, Cat.
mimieus -a -um (mimikos), 1, mimic,. farc-
ical ; jocus, Cic. ; 2, counterfeit, unreal Plin.
Mini
345
mm
Mimnermus -i, m. (blipvepiuK), a Greek
elegiac poet of Colophon.
mimiila -ac, f. (dim. of mi inn), a female
mime, Cic.
mimus -i, m. («i/io?) I. a mime, mimic
actor, pantomimist, Cic. II. a dramatic piece so
culled, broad farce ; persona de inimo, Cic. ; fig.,
a force; l'amam mimum faccre, Cic.
mill'= niihine, Pers.
raina -ac, f. (nva), 1, a Greek weight = 100
drachmae, Plin.; 2, a Greek silver coin =100
drachmae or Soman denarii, Cic.
minaciae -arum, f. (ininax), threats, menaces,
riant.
nilliaciter, adv. (minax), threateningly, Cic.
niinae -arum, f. (connected with niineo). I.
the. battlements, parapets of a wall ; uiuroruin,
Verg. II. Transf., threats, menaces; minas
jactare, to threaten, Cic; of animals, Ov.,Verg.;
or of the wind, etc., Ov.
minanter, adv. (1. minor), threateningly, Ov.
minatio -Onis, f. (1. minor), a threatening,
threat, menace (plur)., Cic.
minax -acis, f. (1. minor). I. overhanging ;
scopulus, Verg. II. threatening, full of threats;
homo, Cic; vituli, Ov. ; lilterae, Cic, ; riuvius,
Verg.
Mincius -ii, in. a river near Mantua, now
Mincio.
mineo, 2. to project, overhang, Lucr. (?)
Minerva -ae,f.(EtruscanMenerfa or Meurfa),
Vie goddess Minerva, daughter of Jupiter, goddess
of wisdom, and patroness of all the arts and
sciences, identified with the Greek Athene; prow,
crassa (pingui) Minerva, with homely mother-wit,
Cic. ; bus Mincrvain (so. docet), when, a foolish
person begins to teach a wise one, Cic ; invita
Minerva, without ability, Cic; inetoii. = working
in wool, Verg.
Minervium -Ti, n. (arx Minervae, Verg.), a
tvi •'/•_ vnd temple to Minerva in Calabria.
Minervae prGinoutdrliiui, u promontory in
Cuinixinia, south-east of .Surrcnlum, the scat of
the Sire ik.
mingo, miuxi, uiiiic^uiii and inictum, o. la
make water, Hor.
miniatulUS -a -uiu (dim. of miniatus), some-
what coloured or tinged with cinnabar, Cic.
miniatus -a -uin, v. uiinio.
minime, v. parum.
minimus, v. parvus.
1. minio, 1. (minium), to colour with cinnabar
or red-lead, Plin. Partic, miniatus -a -um,
coloured with cinnabar or red-lead, painted red,
Cic.
% Minio (Munio) -oms,m. a river in Etru-
ria, now Mignone.
minister -trl, m. and ministra -ae, f.
(mot MIN, whence also ntiiius), a servant, at-
tcmlant, assistant ; a, in a house, minister cubi-
Cilli, Liv.; transf., virtulcs voluptatlllu miuis-
liac, Ck\ ; b, « sen-out in a. temple, the servant
of a god ; Marl is, Cic; c, in a public office,
IlliliistW imperii tui, Cic ; d, an. assistant, sup-
porter, aider, helper; libidinis, Cic; ministros
si- pracbeut in jndiciis oratoribus, Cic ; ales
minister lulniinis, Jupiter's eagle, Ilor.
ministerium -ii, n. (minister). I. service,
assistance, (dtendance, office, employment, occupa-
tion, Liv. ; iiiinisterio fungi, Liv. II. Mcton.,
a, servants, Tac. ; b, retinue, 2 } csonnel ; scrib-
ariun, Liv.
ministra -ae, f., v. minister.
jvunistrator -oris, m. (ministro), 1 } a ser-
rani, all, uilant, assistant, Suet. ; 2, csp., one
who supplied an advocate with the facts needed in.
his "ration, Cie.
ministro, 1. (mim'slur). I. to serve, wait
upon.; 1, alicui, Cic; 2, esp., to wait at table,
to hand; scrvi ministrant, Cic; cibos, Tac;
pocilla, Cic; cocnam, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to
attend to, take care of, govern, direct; velis, to
attend to the sails, Verg.; jussa medicoruui, Ov. ;
2, to afford, procure, provide; faces furiis Clodi-
auis, Cic ; prelum, Tib. ; furor anna ministrat,
Verg.; vinum quod verba ministrat, Hor.
minitabundus -a -um (miuitor), threaten-
ing, menacing, Liv.
mlnitor, 1. dep. (1. minor), to threaten;
alicui mortem, Cic. ; huic orb'i ferro igniiiue,
Cic; minitans per litteras se omnia quae con-
arentur prohibiturum, Cic.
minium -ii, n. (a Spanish word), native cin-
nabar, red-lead, vermilion, Verg.
1. minor, 1. dep. (connected with minae
and mineo). I. to jut out, project, hang over ;
gemiili minautur in caelum scopuli, Verg. II.
1, to threaten, menace ; alicui, Cic; alicui crucem,
Cic. ; 2, to promise boastfully; multa, Hor.
-. minor -Oris, compar., parvus (q.v.).
Minds -r>is, ace -Gem and -oh, in. (MiVwt).
I. a mythical king and lawgiver in Crete, son of
Zeus, and, after death, judge in Tartarus. II,
Minos II., king of Crete, grandsonof the. p reeding,
husband of I'asiphac, father of Ariadne, I'hacdra,
aiul Deucalion. Hence, a, Minois -Wis, 1. n
daughter of Minos, Ariadne, Ov. ; b, adj.,
Minoius -a -um, relating Jo Minos, Cretan ;
Virgo, Ariadne, Ov. ; C, MlllOUS -a -um, re-
lating to Minos; poet.= Cretan; Thoas, son of
Ariadne, Ov. ; arenao, shore of Crete, Ov.
Minotaurus -i. in. (MtcwTaupot), « monster,
half-bull, half-man, the offspring of J'asiphu'i
and a bull, slain by Theseus.
mintlia -ae, f. QxivOa), mint, Plin.
Minturnae -arum, f. town in I.alium, on
the borders of Gamjjaniu. Hence, adj., Min-
turnensis ■>■, relating to Minturnae.
Minucius -a -um, name, of a. Roman gens,
the most noted member of which mo.; M. Minucius
RilfllS, magislir cptilnm to the dictator Fabius
Maximus Cunctutor.
miniime = niiuime (q.v.).
minumus = minumua (q.v.).
minuo -ui -utum, 3. (root MIN, whence 2.
minor, nivvw, ixivvBui), to make smaller. I. to
cut up into small pieces, to chop vp; ligna, Ov.
II. to lessen, diminish; 1, lit., sumptus civi-
tatiuii, Cic. ; miuuente aestu, at the ebbing of the
tide, Caes. ; 2, transf., to lessen, diminish, lower,
reduce, limit ; gloriam alicuius, Cic; molestias
vitae, Cic; ut controvcrsiam miiiuam, limit,
confine to the point, Cic. ; lnajestatcm P. R. per
vim, to offend against, Cic.
minus, compar. I, Adj., v. parvus. II.
Adv., v. parum.
minuseulus -a -um (dim. or couipur, minor),
somewhat less, somewhat small, Cic
minutal -alis, u. (minulus), a dish of mince-
meat, Juv.
minutatim, adv. (minulus), in small pieces,
bit by bit, piecemeal, gradually; aliquid addcre,
Cic. ; interrogarc, Cic.
minute, adv. (minutus), in small portions,
meanly, pettily, paltrily ; res minutius tractare,
Cic.
minutia -ae, f. (minutus), smallmss, Utiles
ness, minutencs*, Son, ._.-.,. *
mm
346
mis
miniitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from minuo),
small, little, minute, unimportant, trifling; res
miitutae, trifles, Cic ; pbilosophi, petty, insig-
nificant, Cie.
Minyas -ae, in. (Mirvas), a rich king of
Orchomenvs, the fabulous ancestor of the Minyae.
Ilenco, a, Minyae -arum, m. (Mtvuat), the Ar-
gonauts, companions of Jason; b, Minveias
-Sdis, f. daughter of Minyas ; c, Minycius
-ft -mil, belonging to Minyas.
mirablUs -c (miror). I. wonderful, aston-
ishing ; mirabile est, followed by quain and the
subj., Cic. ; by quoinodo, Cie. ; with '2. supine,
auditu, Cic; dicta, Cic. II. extraordinary, wn-
usual; mirabilem in nioduin, Cic.
mirabiliter, adv. (mirabilis), wonderfully,
marvellously, singularly, extraordinarily; cupere,
lactari, Cic. ; mirabiliter moratus est, is of an
extraordinary disposition, Cic.
mirabundus -a -um (miror), fidl of wonder,
wondering ; wirabundi quidnam esset, Liv.
miraciilum -i, n. (miror), a wonderful thing,
wonder, prodigy, miracle, marvellousness ; mirac-
ula I'hilosopliorum somniantinm, the wonderfid
opinions, Cic. ; adjiciunt miracula hnic pugnae,
wonders, Liv. ; magnitudinis, « wonder fir size,
Liv.
mirandus -a -ran, p. adj. (from miror),
wonderful, singular; iniraudum in modum, Cic.
miratio -Onis f. (miror), a wondering, won-
der, astonishment, Cic.
mirator -Oris, m. (miror), an admirer, Ov.
mire, adv. (minis), wonderfully, extraordin-
arily, astonishingly ; favere, Cic. ; mire quam, in
a wonderful manner, Cic.
mirifice, adv. (mirit\cu3)~wonderfidly, extra-
ordinarily ; dolere, Cic.
mirif Icus -a -um (minis and faeio), muting
wonder, wonderful, astonishing; lioino, Cic;
tun is miriftcis operibus exstrueta, Cats. ; eon-
vieium, voluptas, Cic.
mirmillo (murmillo) -onis, m. n kiwi of
gladiator, generally matched- with the Thraces or
retiarii, Cic.
miror, L dep. I, to wonder, be astonished
at; negligent iam hoininis, Cie.; foil, by ncc.
and intin., mead accusandum descendere, Cic. ;
foil, by quod, rairari quod non rideret haruspex,
Cic; with rel. sent., eius rei quae causa esset
iniratus, Caes. ; foil.' by si, miror ilia superbia
si queuiqnam amicum habere potuit, Cic. ; miror,
/ wonder, I cannot understand, I am curious to
know; mirantes quid rei esset, Liv. II. to ad-
mire, look on with admiration ; pucrorum formas
ct corpora maguo opere, Cic ; with genit. of
cause, Vcrg.
minis -a -um, wonderful, astonishing, extra-
ordinary, very great; desiderium urbis, Cic;
mirum quam inimicus erat, it is wonderful hovj
hostile, i.e., exceedingly hostile, Cic. ; se minim
quantum profnit, Liv. ; mirum est ut, with
subj., Cic; quid mirum? whcU wonder? Ov.
Misargyrides -ae, m. (uKraoyvpia, hatred
of money), a hater of money (a name invented by
Plautus and applied to a usurer), Flaut.
miscellanea -orum, n. (misceo), a hash of
different meats, hotchpotch, tlie food of gladiators,
Juv.
misceo, miscui, mixtuni, and (later) iitistuin,
2. Oii<ryu) = niywui). I. Gen., to mix, mingle ; 1,
lit., iiiella Falerno, Hot. ; 2, transf., a, to
Wend, mingle; gravitatcm modestiac, Cic;
mixta metu apes, Liv.; b, to unite; sanguiiiem
ct genus cumaliquo, to marry,1Av.; se niiHcerc
vjris, Verg. ; corpus, cum aliqua, Cie. ; of battle.
niiscere certamina, Liv. II. 1, to mixabevcr-
age, prepare, by mixing; a, lit., uiulsuni, Tie.;
pocula alicui, Ov. ; b, to stir up, excite ; incendi.i,
Verg. ; motus aninioruni, Cic ; 2, to confuse,
confound ; a, caelum terramque, to raise a storm.
Vers. ; b, of moral and political events, nialia
contionibus rempublieam, to disturb, Cic ; 3, to
Jill ; domuiu geinitu, Verg.
misellus -a -um (dim. of miser), miserable,
wretched, -unhappy; homo, Cic; spes, Lucr.
Misenus -i, m. the trumpeter of Aeneas.
Hence, Misenum -i, n. a promontory and town.
in Campania, now Capdi Miseno ; mons Misenus,
Verg. Adj., Miscnensis -e, relating to Mi-
senum.
miser -era -mini. I. miserable, loretched,
unhappy, pitiable, unfortunate, deplorable; 1, of
persons, hie miser atque infelix, Cic. ,' mis&v-
rimum habere aliquem, to torment greatly, Cie. ;
O me miserum ! Cic. ; 2, transf., of things,
misera fortuna, Cic. ; as parenthetical exclama-
tion, miserum! how wretched .' Verg. II. suffer-
ing, ill ; miserum latus caputve, Ilor.
miserabilis -e, (miseror). I. miserable,
wretched, lamentable, deplorable ; aspectns, Cic ;
squalor, Cie. II. mournful, sad, plaintive ; vox,
Cic. ; elegi, Ilor.
miserabiliter, adv. (miserabilis). I. miser-
ably, lamentably, pitiably; mori, Cic. II. in
a mournfid or plaintive manner; epistola mis-
erabiliter scripta, Cic.
miserandns -a -um (miseror), pitiable, de-
plorable ; miserandum in modum, Cic.
miseratio -onis, f. (miseror). I. pity, com-
passion : cum quadam miseratione, Cic II,
pathetic or moving speech or tone; uti miseratioii-
ibus, Cic
misere, adv. (miser). I. wretchedly, piti-
ably, miserably; vivere, Cie. II. violently, ex-
ceedingly; aniare, Ter. ; clepcrire amorc, Plant.
miscreo -serui-seritum and -sertum, 2. and
misereor -seiitus and -sertus sum, •!. dep.
(miser). I. to pity, have compassion on, com-
miserate : sociorum, Cic; laborum taiitoruni,
Verg. II. Impers., miseret or miseretur me, /
pity, I inn sorry for, I have compassion on ; me
miseret tui, Cic; cave, te fratrum pro fratris
salute obseerantium misereatur, Cic.
miseresco, 3. (miserco), 1, to pity, hare
compassion on, commiserate. ; regis, Verg. ; 2, im-
pers., me iniscrescit alicuius, / «»i sorry for,
have commission on, Plant.
miseria -ae, f. (miser). I. wretchedness, un-
happiness, misery, sorrow, grief, affliction, distress;
ubi virtus est, ibi esse miseria non potest, Cie. ;
in miseriis vcrsari, Cic II. Pcrsonif., Miseria,
the daughter of Erebus and Nox.
misericordia -ae, f. (misericors), pity, ami-
passion, tenderness of heart, mercy ; populi, on.
the part of the people, Cic. ; pueioruni, .for boys,
Cic. ; adhibere misericordiam, to show, Cic ; ad
misericordiam inducere, Cic; alicui suam utis-
ericordiain tribuere, Cic
misericors -cordis (inisereo and cor), piti-
ful, compassionate, tender-hearted; in aliquem,
Cic; quis misericordior inventus est? Cie.
:niseritus, v. misereor.
miseriter, adv. (miser), wretchedly, lament-
ably, Cat.
miseror, 1. dep. (miser), /<■ pity, lonr com-
passion on, bewail, lament, deplore; fortunam,
Cic. ; cnsniii, Sal!.
miscrtus, v. misereor.
missicius (-tius) -a -um (mitto), discliargeij
from militm n service, Suet,
mia
347
mod
missile -is, v. missilis.
missilis -c (initio), that can be thrown, mis-
sile; lapides, Liv.; terrain, a javelin, Verg.
Subst., gen. plur., missilia -drum, n. missiles,
Liv. ; res missiles, or subst., missilia, gifts thrown
among the people, donatives, Suet.
missio -onis, f. (mitto). I. a sending off,
sending away; legatorum, litterarum, Cic. II.
a letting go, releasing ; 1, a, of a prisoner, Cic. ;
b, adischarge or dismission Jrom military service;
nominal justa, injusta, Liv. ; honesta, honour-
able discharge, gratiosa, out of favour, Liv.; c,
;< permission given to gladiators to cease fighting ;
sine missione inunus gladiatorium dare, to ex-
hibit gladiators ivho fought till death, Liv. ; 2,
cessation termination ;\i\dovum, Cic.
missito, 1. (freq. of mitto), to send repeatedly;
auxilia, Liv.
missor -oris, m. (mitto), one who shoots, an
archer, Cic.
1. missus -us, m. (mitto). I. a sending;!,
missu Caesaris ventitare, having been sent by
Caesccr, Caes. ; 2, a throwing, shooting; pili,
Liv. II, 1, a shot, the distance shot; missus
bis mille sagittae, Lucr. ; 2, in the public races,
a course, heat, Suet.
2. missus -a -urn, v. mitto.
mistim (mixtim), adv. (mistus or mixtus),
confusedly, Lucr.
mistura (mixtura) -ae, f. (misceo), a
mixing, mixture; rerum, Lucr.
mite, adv. (mitis), mildly, softly, gently ; mitius
ferre, perire, Ov.
mitella -ae, f. (dim. of mitra), a bandage for
the head, head-dress, turban, Cic.
mitesco, 3. (mitis), to become mild. I. Of
fruits, to ripen, become ripe, Plin. II. 1, of the
weather, to become mild; hiems, Liv.; frigora,
Ilor. ; of abstract things, to be alloyed, to sub-
side; seditio, Tac. ; discordiae, Liv.; ira, Ov. ;
2, to become tame; ferae quaedum nunquam
miteBCunt, Liv.
Mithridates -is, in. (MiBpiiirr^), king in
J'oulus (1SJ-IJ3 B.C.), who waged a long war with
the Romans, and was conquered by Pompeius. Adj.,
Mithridaticus -a -urn, Mithridalic.
mitiiico, 1. (mitilicus). to make mild, soft;
cibus mitilicatus, well digested, Cic.
mitigatio -onis, f. (mitigo), an assuaging,
alleviating, appeasing, Cic.
mitigo, 1. (= miteni ago), to make mild, soft.
I. Lit., fruges, to make ripe, Cic. ; cibum, to make.
soft by cooking, Cic. ; agros, to break up, loosen,
till, Cic. II. a, of character, to soothe, make
gentle, pacify; auimuiu alicuius, to soothe, Cic;
Lainpsacenos in istuin, Cic. ; b, of things, to
soothe, assuage, alleviate, charm, enchant; trist-
itiam et scveritatem, Cic. ; dolorem, Cic.
mitis -e, mTld, gentle, ripe. I. Of fruits,
poina, uva, Verg. ; fig., of .style, Thucydides
l'nisset matnrior et mitior, Cic. ; of climate, caelo
niitissimo, Liv.; of water, wind, etc., fiuvius,
Verg. II. Transf., of character ; a, of persons,
mild, gentle, free from Imrshness ; homo mitis-
siinusatquelenissimus, Cic; of animals, taurus,
Ov. ; b, of things, mild, gentle; dolor, Cic;
aliquid mitiorem in partem interpretari, put a
lenient interpretation upon, Cic. ; c, of speech,
mild; mitis et eompta oratio, Cic.
mitra -ae, f. (juiTpa), a head-dress, in general
•use among Asiatic nations, but in Greece and
Home worn only by women and effeminate men,
Cic. v
mitratus -a -uin (mitra), wearing the mitra,
Prop,
mitto, misi, lni.ssitni, 3. to scud, lei go. I. to
send, dcsjulch. A. Gen., 1, lit., to send away;
(ilium ad propillqUUin HUUlil, Cic. ; legates de
deditione ad emu, Caes. ; misi, qui hoc diccret,
Cic. ; Deiotarus legalos ad me misit, se esse
ventui'Ulil, with the intelligence that Ive was about
to come, Cic ; Curio misi, ut medico honos haber-
etur, / sent word to Curius, etc., Cic. ; ad mortem,
to put to death, Cic ; litteras ad aliquem or
alicui, Cic; 2, transf., aliquem in possessionem,
to put in possession, Cic ; ftincra Teucris, to
prepare, Verg. B. 1, to dedicate a book to a
•person; libruni ad aliquem, Cic; 2, to conduct;
alias (auimas) sub Tartars mittit, (of Mercury),
Verg. ; 3, to send forth from oneself, give forth;
lima mittit lucem in terras, Cic. ; vocein pro
aliquo, to speak for, Cic. ; 4, to push, throw ;
pueros in profiuentein aquain, Liv. ; teliun ex
aliquo loco, Caes. ; 5, medic t. t., to let blood,
ben. ; tig., missus est sanguis invidiae sine
dolore, Cic II. A. to let go, release, give up;
1, lit., Cat. ; 2, transf., mittere ac finire odium,
Liv.; maestiun timorem, Verg.; of orators, to
cease speaking, not to sj)eak, to avoid, pass over;
mitto illud dicere, / pass over tlutt, Cic. ; mitto
de amissa parte exercitus, Cic. B. 1, in the
race-course, to start the competitors ; quadrigas,
Liv. ; 2, to dismiss an assembly ; senatum, ( a s. ;
3, a, to dismiss, discharge, send away; esp. of
soldiers, legiones missas fieri .jubere, Cic; a, to
release from imprisonment; initti eum jubere, Liv.
mitulus (mutulus) -i, m. (jutvAos), a species
of edible mussel, Hor.
mixtura, etc. — mistura (q.v.).
nana = mina (q.v.).
Mnemonides -uin, f. the Muses, daughters
of Mnemosyne, Ov.
Mnemosyne -es, f. (M^oo-in-i)), Mnemosyne,
mother of the Muses.
mnemosynum -i, U. Oi^otxvroi'), n mem-
orial, Cat.
mobilis -c (for movibilis, from moveo). I.
moveable, easy to be moved; not firm, not fixed ;
1, lit., oculi.Cic; 2, transf., a, excitable, pliable,
flexible; mobilis actas, Verg.; gens ad oinnem
auram spei mobilis, Liv. ; b, changeable, in-
constant ; animus, Cic. ; Galli sunt in capieudis
consiliis mobiles, Caes. II. rapid ; rivi, Hor.
mobilitas -iitis, f. [(mobilis). I. moveable-
ness, mobility; animal mobilitate celerriniii,
Cic. ; linguae, Cic. ; transf.. inconstancy, change-
ablencss; alicuius, Cic. II. rapidity; equitum,
Caes.
mobilitcr, adv. (mobilis), rapidly, with
quick motion ; palpitave, Cic. ; ad bellum mobil-
itcr excitari, easily, quickly, Caes.
mobilito, 1. (mobilis), to make moveable, put
into motion, Lucr.
moderabilis -e (moderor), moderate ; nihil
moderabile suadere, Ov.
moderamen -inis, n. (moderor), a means of
governing or guiding (e.g., a helm, rudder);
navis, Ov. ; transf., rerum, the management,
government of the State, Ov.
m8deranter,adv.(moderans from moderor),
moderately, with moderation, Lucr.
moderate, adv. (modcratus), MOffcm/c? y, with
moderation ; modcratius id volant fieri, Cic.
moderatim, adv. (moderatus), moderately,
gradually, Lucr.
modcratio -finis, f. (moderor), moderating,
I. A. moderating, restraining ; cflrenati popull,
Cic. B. government ; niundi, Cic. II. modern-
Hon, temperance; tempcrantia et modcratio
naturae tqae, Cic; VQcJs, articulation, Cjg,
mod
34S
moe
moderator -Oris, in. (uioderor), a governor,
guide, manager, ruler; equoruin, a driver, Ov. ;
aruudinis, a fisher, Ov. ; reipublicac, Cic.
moderatrix -ids, f. (moderator), she that
rules or governs ; respublica moderatrix om-
nium factorum, Cic.
mddcratUS -a -urn (tnodero), moderate, tem-
perate, keeping within due measure; of persons,
l'rngi homo et in omnibus vitae partibus moder-
atus ac temperans, Cic. ; of things, couviviuin,
Cic. ; ventus, Ov. ; otium, Cic. ; oratio, Cic.
modero, 1. to moderate, keep within bounds;
voci meae, Plant.
moderor, l. dep. (modus). I. to set bounds
to, torn within, bounds; to regulate, moderate,
restrain; (a) with dat., alicui, Cic; nniino et
orationi, Cic. ; irae, odio, Liv. ; (|3) with ace,
animos, Cic. II. to direct, guide. A. ; i*.,
(a) with dat., navi funiculo, Cic. ; (/3) with ace,
habenas, Ov. B. Transf., to govern, rule, regulate;
(a) with dat., quibus tot is nioderatur oratio,
Cic. ; (/3) with ace , Deus qui regit et nioderatur et
niovet id corpus, Cic. • cautus numerosque, Cic.
modeste, adv. (modestus), moderately, tem-
perately, discreetly, modestly ; Roinaiu venire, Cic.
modestia -ae, f. (modestus). I. A. modera-
tion, temperance; neque nioduin nequc modestiam
victores habere, Sail. B. 1, applied to be-
liaviour, modesty, unassuming conduct; indicendo,
Cic. ; 2, respect, obedience to authority ; in milite
modestiam et continentiam desiderare, Caes. ;
3, as translation of the Stoic phrase eurafio,
good, practical judgment, Cic. II. mildness;
hiemis, Tac.
modestus -a -mn (modus), moderate, keeping
within bounds; moderate in desires or passions,
temperate. A. modestum ordincm, Cic. B. 1,
modest, unassuming, unpretending; adolescentllli
iiiodestissimi pudor, Cic; 2, modest, chaste,
virtuous; videas dolere flagitiosis modestus, Cic.
modlalis -e (modius), containing a modius,
l'laut.
modlec, adv. (modicus), moderately; 1,
Merubly; mod ice \ocn\Aes, tolerably well off, Liv.;
lliodico vinosus, no great wine-bibber, Liv ; 2,
moderately, with moderation, temperately; laccre,
Bgere, Cic.
modicus -a -um (modus). I. moderate, not
very large, middling, ordinary; convivia, po-
tiones, not excessive, Cic. ; fossa, not vert; deep,
Liv.;acervus, Hor.; laus/I'ae. ;equites, Benatores,
possessing moderate wealth, Tac. II. moderate,
keeping within bounds, temperate, modest, un-
pretending; ae Veritas, Cic; modiens volnptatnin,
temperate in enjoyment, Tac; animus belli ingens,
domi modiens, Ball.
modifico. 1. (modus and facio), to measure
off, measure, moderate; verba ab oratore modi-
ticata, Cic.
modius -ii, in. (modus), a dry measure
among the Romans = 16 sextarii, and containing
gomewhul less than two imperial gallons, a perk,
Cic. ; plena mudio, in full measure, abundantly,
Cic, (genii* plur., inodiam, Cic).
m6d6, adv. (modus), only, alone, but. I. A.
Gen'., quod dixerit salere inodo, non etiam oporttre,
Cic. ; uclno eorum progrodi modo extra agnien
audeat, only to go, so murk as to go, Caes. ; nt
ia modo exercitui satis superque foret, that it
alone was more than enough for the army, Sail.
B. Esp., 1, with wishes, commands, etc., only,
just; veniat modo, Cic. : vide modo, only see,
Cic. ; 2, a, in conditional sentences) modo ut, or
inodo alone with subj., provided that, if ■■ \y
quos, valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa
delectat, if the health be'only good, Cic. ; modo ne,
;/ only not, proeidetl that not ; tartiaaderit, modo
lie Publius rogatns sit, Cic. ; b, with relatives,
servns nemo, qui modo tolcrabili conditiono
sit servitutis, if he only be, provided only
that lte is, Cic; c, si modo, if only; tu scis,
si modo meministi, me tibi dixisse, Cic; 3, in
negative sentences, a, non modo . . . sed
(verum), not only . . . but ; non modo . . .
sed (verum) etiam, not only . . . but also;
non modo . . . sed (verum) ne quidem, not
only . . . but not even, Cic. ; b, non modo non
. . . sed, sed potius, sed etiam, not only not
. . . but rather; non modo non . . . sed lie
quidem, not only not . . . but not even, Cic II.
Transf., of time, A. a, note, but now, just now,
just; adveuis modo? are you just come? Ter. ;
b, used also of "a remoter past, lately, some time-
ago; modo hoc malum in rempnblicam invasit
(i.e., seventy years previously), Cic. B. modo
. . . modo, sometimes . . . sometimes^ now . . .
now, at one time . . . at another; modo ait,
modo negat, Cic. ; in place of the second modo
is found nunc, Liv.; interdum. Sail.; aliquando,
Tac. ; saepe, Sail. ; inodo . . . turn (deiude,
paullo post, postremum, vicissim), now . . .
then, in the first place . . . in the second plj.ee,
first . . . afterwards, Cic.
modulate, adv. with compar. (modulatus),
in good time, iii time (of music); modulalo
canentes tibiae, Cic.
modulator -oris, m. (modulor), one who ob-
serves a regular rhy'hm, a musician, Hor.
modulatus -a -um, p. adj. (from modulor),
properly measured or modulated, in good time,
rhythmical, melodious; verba, Ov.
modulor, 1. dep. (modus). I. to measure,
measure off, measure regularly, Plin. II. 1, t. t.
of mnsic, to measure rhythmically, to modulate, to
murk time; vocem, Cic. ; virgines solium vocis
pulsu pedum modulantes, Liv.; 2, a, to sing;
carmina, Verg. ; b, to play; lyram, Tib.
modulus -i, m. (dim. of modus). I. ", mea-
sure, standard of measurement ; metiri queiidam
sno modulo, Hor. II. rhythm, musical lime,
measure, melody, Plin.
modus -i, in. c incisure, standard nf measure-
ment. I. Lit., Van. II. Transf'.. A. sice,
quantity, length, etc.; 1, gen., agri certus
modus, Caes. ; 2, esp. as musical t.t., rhythm,
melody, time; vertere modum, Hor.; esp. iiv
plur., fli'bilibus modis concinere, Cic. B. a
measure, bound, limit, boundary; 1, gen., modum
imponere magistratni, Liv. ; modum lugcudi ali-
quando facere, to male an end of bewailing, Cic. ;
2, esp. in action, moderation, control; imitari
caelestinm ordinem vitae modo et constantia,
Cic. ; sine modo ac modestia, Sail. C. order,
rule; aliis modum paeis ac belli facere, Liv.
D. manner, mode, fashion, way, method; con-
cludendi, Cic. ; servorum modo, after the manner
of slaves, Liv.; hostilem in nioduin, in a hostile
maimer, Cic. ; miruin in nioduin, Caes. ; quonani
modo? Cic. ; eius modi, in that nunmer, if thai
kind, Cic. ; hllins modi, Cic.
moecha -ac, f. (uiocchus), an adulteress, Hor.
moechor, l. dep. (moccliiis), to commit
adultery, Cat.
mocchus -i, m. (/ioixos), a, furiikutur, axlull-
erer. Plant., Ter.
moenera = inuncra (q.v.).
1. moenia -ruin, n. (connected with munio).
I. the walls or fortifications of a city; sub ipsis
Numantiae moenibus, Cic. ; transf., a, poet., the
walls, external compass, enclosure; navis, Ov. .
Ilieatri, Lucr. ; caeli, Ov. ; b, defence, protection]
bulwarks; alpes moenia Italiae, Ov. II. Meton.,
1, the city enclosed within the walls; Syracuse
nioe
349
mol
ai'iim moenlii ac partus, Cic. ; moenia tripllci
circumdata muro, Vcrg. ; 2, mansion, dwelling;
Bitis, Vcrg.
2. moenia -ium, n. = mania (q.v.).
moonio = munio (q.v.).
1. Moenus -i, m. the river Main.
2. moenus = munus (q.v.).
moerus = minus (q.v.).
Moesi -Chum, m. a. people in the modem Ser via
Kin! Bulgaria; hence a, Moesia (Maesia)
-:ie, f. tin' country of the. Moesi ; b, Moesiacus
-a -inn, belonging to tlte Moesi.
moereo, moeror, moestus = maereo, maeror,
maestus (q.v.).
mola -ac, t'. (molo), lit., a millstone. A.
Henri', sing, and gen. plur., the mill-stone = the
mill for grinding corn, olives, etc. ; molisoperain
dare, Cic. B. Meton., grits, coarse meal, or flour,
usually of spelt, which, mixed with salt, was
sprinkled on victims before sacrilice; inola et
vmuin, Cic
molaris -e (mola). I. of or relating to a
mill; 1, lit., subst., molaris -is m. a mill-
stone, Verg. ; 2, transf., as big as a mill-stone;
saxa. Sen.; subst., molaris -is, in. a huge
block of stojie, Verg. II. belonging to grinding ;
subst,, molaris -is, n>. a molar tooth, grinder,
Juv.
moles -is, f. a 'mass, a heap. I. Abstr. =
something heavy, weighty. A. Lit., opposui
molem clipei, weighty shield, Ov. ; ingenti mole
Latinus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, mass, hcap =
greatness, might, power; tanti imperii, Liv. ;
pugnae, Liv. ; 2, trouble, difficulty ; majore mole
pugnare, Liv. II. Concr., A. a heavy, shapeless
muss; e.liaos, nulis indigestaqne moles, Ov. B.
Esp., 1, a massive construction; a, a dam, mole;
oppositae Quctibus, Cic; b, a large building;
insanae substructionum moles, Cic. ; c, moles
belli, large military machines, preparations for
war, military works ; refectis vineis aliaque mole
belli, Liv.; 2, a, amass of men, large number;
hostes majorem molem hand facile sustinentcs,
Liv. ; b, a mass of clouds, storm, Verg.
moleste, adv. (molcstus), 1, unwillingly,
with vexation, with annoyance : moleste fero, /
take it ill, I am annoyed, I am sorry ; with ace.
-and infin., to de praedio aviae cxerceri moleste
fero, Cic. ; foil, by si, Cic. ; by quod, Cic. ; by
ace, Cic. ; 2, in a troublesome or disagreeable
manner ; of discourse, gait, etc., affectedly, Cat.
molestia -ae, f. (inolestus), annoyance, dis-
satisfaction, chagrin, disgust, dislike; 1, gen.,
fasces habent. molestiam, are attended with an-
noyance, Cic. ; sine molestia tua, without trouble
to yourself, Cic; ex pernicie reipublicae molest-
iam trahere, to be chagrined at, Cic ; molestiam
alicui aspergere, to cause annoyance to, Cic. ; 2,
affectation, stiffness (of style); Latins loquendi
accurata et sine molestia diligens elegantia, Cic.
molcstus -a -urn (moles), burdensome, trouble-
some, annoying, irksome; 1, gen., labor, Cic;
nisi molestum est, exsurge, if it be not incon-
venient, Cic ; tunica, a dress of inflammable mater-
ials put on condemned criminals awl set alight,
Juv. ; 2, of discourse, affected, laboured; Veritas,
Cic.
molimen -Inis, n. (molior), a great effort,
exertion, undertaking ; res suo ipsa molimine
gravis, Liv. ; meton., building; molimine vasto,
Ov.
molimentum -i, n. (molior), a great effort,
exertion, endeavour; sine magno commeatu
atque lnolimento, Caes. ; motain sede sua parvi
molimenti adminiculis, by machines of small
power, Liv.
molior, 4. dep. (moles). I. Transit., A. Gen.,
to set. in 'motion, remove, displace ; ancoras, to weigh
anchor, Liv. ; naves ab terra, to unmoor, Liv. ;
inontes sede sua, Liv.; fulinina dextra, to hurl,
Verg. ; habenas, to guide, direct, Verg. B. 1,
to cause to totter, undermine ; portani, Liv.;
transf., tideni, to undermine credit, Liv. ; 2, to
work, cultivate the, earth; terrain, Liv.; arvaferro,
Lucr. ; 3, a,'" build, erect, rear, raise; niuroo,
arcem, Verg. ; classem, Verg. ; b, of abstract ob-
jects, to undertake; nulla opera, Cic. ; 4, to
cause', produce ; morbos, Verg. ; sibi opem, Verg. ;
struere et moliri alicui aliquid calamitatis, to
plot, devise, Cic. ; alicui insidias, to lay snares,
Cic; perogrinuni regnuni, to strire after, endear-
our to obtain, Liv. II. Keflex., to toil, struggle,
exert oneself. A. Lit,, in denioliendo signo per-
multi homines mofiebantur, Cic B. Transf.,
again per me ipse et moliar, Cic.
molitio -onis, f. (molior), 1, a demolition,
demolishing; valli, Liv.; 2, an effort, laborious
undertaking, preparation ; rerum, Cic.
molitor -oris, m, (molior), a builder, erector,
producer, contriver, author ; mundi, Cic.
mollesco, 3. (mollio), 1, to become soft, Ov. ;
2, transf., to become soft, effeminate; turn genus
humanuni primum mollescere coepit, Lucr.
mollicellus -a-um(dim. of mollis), somewhat
soft, somewhat tender, Cat.
mollieulus -a -um (dim. of mollis), 1, some
what soft or tender, Plant.; 2, transf., somewhat
effeminate, Cat.
mollio, 4. (mollis), to make pliable, flexible,
soft, supple. I. A. Lit., lanam trahendo, to spin,
Ov. ; artus oleo, Liv. ; cerain pollice, Ov. ; cibutu
vapore, Lucr. ; iiigoribus durescit humor, et idem
mollitur tepefactus, Cic. ; glebas, to loosen, soften,
Ov. B. Transf., 1, clivuin anfractibus modicis,
to diminish the steepness of the ascent, Caes. ; 2,
fructus feros colendo, to render less Jtarsh, Verg.
II. Fig., A. lacrlmae meoruin me interdum
molliunt, Cic. B. 1, to soften, to vmke milder,
make gentle; poetae molliunt aniinos nostras,
Cic ; feroces militiun amnios, Sail. ; vocem,
make womanish, Cic; ferro mollita juventus.
emasculated, castrated, Lucr. ; 2, a, to male
milder, le^s disagreeable, render bearable ; verba
usu, Cic ; poenain, Ov. ; b, to tame, restrain,
keep within bounds; Hanmbalem exsnltaiitem
paticntia sua molliebat, Cic. ; sedare motus et
aniinos eorum mollire, Cic. (syncop. iinperf.,
inollibat, Ov.).
■mollipcs -pedis (mollis and pes), soft-footed,
i.e., having a trailing walk (Qr. eiAin-ous), Cic
mollis -e (= movilis. from moveo), soft, ten-
der, pliant, supple, flexible yielding. I. A. 1,
lit., juncus, acanthus, Verg. ; crura, colla, Verg. ;
brachia, Ov. ; arcus, unstrung, Ov. ; zephyri,
gentle, Ov. ; 2, transf., n, of works of art, soft,
not stiff, graceful; signa, Cic; of orators and
poetry, oratio mollis et tenera, Cic. ; b, of
places, witha gentle ascent ; fastigium, Caes. B.
soft to the. touch ; 1, lit., cervix, maiius, Ov. ; of
the ground, mollis humus, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
mild; nestas, Verg.; vina, Verg. II. Fig. A.
gentle, sensitive, tender; 1, mollis animus ad
accipiendam et ad deponendam offeiisionem,
Cic ; homo mollissiino aninio, Cic. ; 2, effemin-
ate, unmanly, weak; pliilosophus, Cic; disci-
plina, Cic; vita, Ov. B. gentle, mild, pleasant;
1, mollem ac juenndam efticere senectutem,
Cic ; 2, a, compassioncde, gentle, mild, com-
plaisant, easy; oratio, Cic; jussa, Verg.; b,
tender, moving; verbis molllbuslenire altquein,
Hor. ; illud mollfssiiunm carmen, Cic.
molliter, adv. (mollis), 1, softly, easily,
gently ; quis membra movere mollius possit,
iiioi
350
moil
/Tor, ; exctldent spirantia moiling aera, with
morn gwce or skill, Verg.; 2, tig., a, dentin,
easily ; quod ferendum estmolliter sapientJ, C'ic. ;
in a bad nciisc, weakly, without energy; nimis
molliter aegrittidlnein pati, Sail.; b, effemin-
ately; delicate et inollitervivere,Cic. ; c, mildly,
compassionately ; feci parce et. molliter, Cic.
mollitia -ae, f. ami lollities -ei, f.
(mollis). I. Lit., softness, tenderness, flexibility,
pliancy; cervicum, Cic II. Fig., A. Gen., ten-
derness, gentleness, mildness, sensibility; animi,
Cic. ; naturae, Cic. B. Esp., effeminacy, weak-
ness; civitatum mores lapsi ad mollitiain, Cic.
mollltudo -Inis, f. (mollis). I. softness,
pliability, flexibility; assimilis spongiis mol-
litudo, Cic. II. Fig., tenderness, softness, sens-
itiveness; humanitatis, Cic.
moTo -uijltum, 3. (mola), to grind in. a mill.
Partic., mclltus -a -urn, ground; cibaria
moliUi, meal, Caes.
MclorchUS -i, m. (MdAopxog), a poor vine-
dresser near Nemea, who hospitably received
Hercules v:hen about to slay the Nemean lion;
Molorchi luci, poet.= the Nemean woods, Verg.
Molossl -orum, m. (MoA.o<ro-oi), the inhabit-
ants of Molossia, a, district of Eastern Spirits.
Hence, adj., a, Mdlossus -a -uin, Molossian ;
canis, Hor. ; subst, Molossus -i, m. a Molos-
sian hound, in great request as a sporting dog,
Hor. ; b, Molcssicus -a -um, Molossian.
mdly -yos, n. (nu>Au), the herb moly, given by
Mercury to Ulysses as a counter cliarm against
the enchantments uf Circe, Ov.
momen -inis, n. (= movinien, from moveo),
1, movement, motion ; e salso consurgere mom-
ine ponti, Lucr. ; 2, momentum, impulse, Lucr.
momentum -i, n. (= movimentum, from
moveo). I. movement, motion. A. 1, lit., astra
forma ipsa (iguraque sua momenta sustentant,
Cic; 2, of time, a smallportion of time, minute,
moment ;parvo momen to, Caes.; momento temp-
orls, Liv.; momento liorae, in the short space oj
an hour, Liv. ; or simply momento, Liv. B.
Fig., 1, oscillatioti; sine momento rerum, Lucr.;
2, change, alteration ; momentum facere an-
nonae, Liv. II. that which pints 'in, motion,
im]mlse. A. Lit., tit (arbores) levi momento
impulsae occlderent, Liv. B. Fig., 1, influence,
cause ; parva momenta in spem metumqne
animum impellere, Liv. ; 2, turning-point, in-
fluencing cause ; a, parvo momento si ad-
juvassent, with slight he.lp, Liv. ; b, weight, im-
portance, influence; si quid habeat momenti
commendatio mea, Cic. ; esse maximi momenti
et ponderis, Cic. ; argumentorum momenta,
decisive proofs, Cic. ; juvenis egregius maximum
momentum rerum eitis civitatis, a man of com-
manding influence, Liv.
Mona -ae, f. an island off the coast of Britain
{A nglesea or the Isle of Man).
Mdnaeses -is, m. (Morai'aTjs), a general of
the, 1'arthians, who deflated the Romans.
monedula -ae, f. a daw, jackdaw, C'ic.
moneo -rii -Hum, 2. (from root MEN, whence
mens), to remind, admonish. I. Terentiam de
testamento, Cic. II. A. Lit, 1, a. to warn,
teach, admonish ; with de and the abf., aliquem
de retinenda Sestii gratia, Cic. ; with ace. of
person and neut. ace, id ipsum quod me mones,
Cic ; with ace. and iutin., magis iaoneuui tempus
tc esse ullum umquam reperturum, C'ic ; with
rel. sent., mi.net quo statu sit ren, Liv.; b,
to atlri e, recommend; with ut and thefmbj., ut
magnaminfamiam fugiat, C'ic ; with suhj. alone,
eos hoc moneo desinantfurere, Cic. ; with no ami
the subj., ne id faceret, Cic. ; with inlin.,
ofTicium conservare, C'ic. ; 2, to instritcl, prompt,
suggest; tu vatem, tu, diva, mone, Verg.; do
aliquare, Cic B. 1, to admonish by punishment,
Tac ; 2, to urge on ; canes, Prop.
moneris -is, f. (p.oi>jp>)s), a vessel having only
one bank of oars, Liv.
Moneta -ae, f. (moneo). I. A. the mother of
the Muses (= M lojjuooTnij). B. a surname of Juno,
and, as the Roman money was coined in' the
temple of Juno Moneta, hence, II. A. the
mint,. the. place where money was coined, Cic. B.
Meton., 1, coined metal, money, Ov.; 2, the die
or stamp with, which money was coined, Mart.;
transf., communi feriat carmen triviale moneta,
Juv.
monetalis -is, m. (moneta), relating to the
mint; in jest, one who asks for money , Cic
morale -is, n. a necklace, a collar, Cic.
monimentum = monumentum (q.v.).
monlta -orum, n. (moneo), l,warn ing, Cic;
2, prophecies ; deorum, Cic.
monitio -onis, f. (moneo), a reminding,
warning, admonishing, admonition, Cic.
monitor -oris, m. (moneo). I. one who
reminds. A. officii, Sail. B. a, one who sup-
plies an orator with facts, an assistant, prompter,
Cic.; b, a nomenclative, who reminds one of per-
sons' names, C'ic. II. an adviser, instructor;
fatuus, Cic.
mdnitUS -us, m. (moneo), 1, a reminding,
warning, admonition, Ov. ; 2, an intimation of
the will of the gods by oracles, augury, poiients,
omens, etc; monitus Fortunae, Cic.
Monoecus -i, m. (Mrfroucos, he that dwells
alone), surname of Hercules; Monoeei Arx el
Portus, promontory and harbour on the coast nj
Ligvria, now Monaco.
monogrammos -on (txov6ypaixiJ.o$), of pie-
tures, consisting only of outlines, sketched ;
Epicurus monogrammos deos et nihil agent es
commentus est, incorporeal, shadowy, C'ic.
monopddium -li, n. (jxovo-oSioi), a table
with one.joot, Liv.
monopolium-ii, n.(/ioromoAioi-), amonopoly,
sola right of sale, Suet.
mons, montis, in. a mountain. I. A. Lit.,
mons impendens, Cic. ; prov. of large promises
followed by small performance, parturiunt
montes, nascetur ridiculus mus, Hor. B.
Meton., a rock; improtms, Verg. II. Transf.,
a large mass, great quantity; mons aqunriim,
Verg.'; maiia moniesque polliceri, to make large
promises, Sail.
monstrator -oris, m. (monstro), a discoverer,
teacher; aratri, Triptolemus, Verg.
monstrifer -fSra -fSrum (moustrum and
fero), producing monsters, horrible, monstrous,
riin.
monstro, 1. (=monestro, from moneo), to
show, point out. I. By signs or gestures, digito
indice ad hoc, Hor. ; proceram palmam Deli
monstrant, Cic. II. By words, A. to show,
point out, teach, inform ; tu istic si quid librarii
mea maun lion intelligent monstrabis, Cic.
B. 1, to ordain, institute, appoint; piaeula,
Verg.; 2, to inform against, denounce; alii rib
amieis monstrabantur, Tac ; 3, to advise, urge ;
conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat, S'erg.
monstrum -i, n. (= monestrum, from
moneo). I. « supernatural event, a prodigy,
portent, Cic. II. a monster, monstrosity; a, of
persons, monstrum horrendum, Polyphemus,
Verg. ; immanissimum ac foedissimnm mon-
striiin, tin, tin;, Cic.; b, of things, non mihi
jam furtum, sed monstrum ac prpdigimn vide-
ifloil
351
nior
batur, Cic. ; esp., wonders or marvels; monstra
uuntiare, Cic.
monstrudse, adv. (monstruosus), strangely,
wonderfully, monstrously, Cic.
monstruosus -a -nm (monstrum), strange,
singular, wonderful, monstrous; monstruosissima
bestia, Cic.
montanus -a -urn (mous). I. of or relating
to a mountain, dwelling on mountains, fbunil on
mountains; loca montana et aspera, Liv. ;
Ligures, Liv. ; subst, a, montanus -i, m. a
■mountaineer, Caes. ; b, montana -drum, n.
Mountainous districts, Liv. II. rick in moun-
tain*, mountainous ; Dalmatia, Ov.
monticola -ae, c. (mons and colo), « dweller
among llie mountains, mountaineer, Ov.
montivagus -a -um (mons and vagus),
wandering over the mountains; CUTSUS, Cic.
montuosus -a -um (mons), mountainous,
full of mountains; regio aspera et montuosa,
Cic. ; subst., montuosa -orum, n. mountainous
districts, Plin.
monumentum (monimentum) -i, n.
(moneo), that which is intended to preserve the
'recollection of anything ; a memorial, monument.
1. Lit., monunieuti causa, Cic; esp., a, a
building, statue, temple, gallery, etc. ; raonunienta
Africani, statues, Cic. ; b, a sepulchre, Cic. ; c,
written memorials, annals, memoirs; monnmenta
renuri gestarum, Cic. ; commendare aliquid
monument is, Cic. II. Transf., laudis, clem-
ent iac, furtorum, Cic.
Mopsli -orum, m. a noble family in Compsa.
Hence, Mopsiani -orum, m. the dependants of
the Mopsii.
Mcpsdpius -a -um (from Mo^om'a, an an-
cient name of Attica), Attic, Athenian; juvenis,
Triptolemus, Ov. ; muri, urbs, Athens, Ov.
Mopsuhestia (Mobsuestia) -ac, f. a town
in Ciliiia.
Mopsus -i, in. (Mo'^os). I. the seer of the
Argonauts. II. son of Apollo and Munto. III.
■name of a shepherd in Vergil.
1. mora -ae, f. I. delay. A. Gen., moram
alicui rei inferre, afferre, Cic. ; creditoribus
facere, to put off the day of payment, Cic; trah-
ere, Verg. ; res habet (suffers) moram, Cic. ; non
(or nulla) mora est with quin or quominus and
the subj., Cic. ; sine mora, without delay, Cic.
B. 1, pause on a march, Liv.; 2, a pause in
discourse, Cic. II. Transf., 1, space oftime,Ov.;
2, « hindrance, Liv.
2. mora -ae, f. (p.6pa), a division of the Sparta n
army, of 400, 500, 700, or 900 men, Nep.
moralis -e (mores), moral, ethiccd; pliilo-
sopliiae pars, Cic.
morator -oris, m. (inoror). I. a loiterer or
logger behind, Liv. II. a delayer, retarder. A.
Gen., publici commodi, Liv. B. ait advocate
who talked against time, Cic.
1. moratus, partus, of inoror.
2. moratus -a -uin (mores). I. having
certain manners or morals ; bene, melius, optime
moratus, Cic. II. adapted to manners ov charac-
ter, characteristic; poema, Cic; recte morata
fabula, (ft which the characters are correctly
drawn, II or.
morbldUS -a -um (morbus), 1, sickly, dis-
eased, morbid, Plin.; 2, unwholesome, causing
disease, Lucr.
morbosus -a -um (morbus), sickly, diseased,
worn out, Cat.
morbus -i, m. disease, sickness. I. Physical ;
a, mortifer, Cic. ; in morbo esse, to be sick,
Cic; morbo laborare, opprimi, Cic. ; conflictarl,
Nep. ; morbus ingravescit, groius worse, increases
in violence, Cic ; ex morbo convalescent, to get
well, Cic. ; morbum simulare, Cic. ; b, personif.,
as a goddess, Verg. II. Of mental diseases,
animi morbl Buntcupiditatesinunensaeet inancs
divitiarum gloriae, Cic.
mordaciter.adv. (mordax), bitingly,sharply;
lima mordacius uti, Ov.
mordax -acis (mordeoX biting, <iiven to
biting, snappish. I. A. Lit., cauis, Plaut. B.
Fig., a, biting, satirical; Cynicus, Hor. ; car-
men, Ov. ; b, wearing, corroding ; aollicitudines,
" eating cares," Hor. II. a, stinging; nrtica,
Ov. ; b, sharp ; ferrum, Hor. ; c, pungent, biting
in taste; fel, Ov.
mordeo, momordi, morsum, 2. to bile. I.
A. Lit., 1, canes mordent, Cic. ; 2, to bite, eat;
pabula dente, Ov. B. Transf., to bite, sting,
hurt, pain; aliquem dictis, Ov. ; conscientia
inordcor, Cic. ; valde me momorderunt epistolae
tuae, Cic. II. to bite into, cut into, take fast
hold of; a, fibula mordet vestem, Ov. ; b, of
rivers, to indent, wear away; rura quae Liris
quicta mordet aqua, Hor. ; c, to nip, bite, sting ;
matutiua parum cantos jam frigora mordent,
Hor.
mordicitus = mordicus (q.v.).
mordicus, adv. (mordeo). I. Lit., with the
teeth, by biting; auferre mordictts auriculaui,
Cic. II. Transf., tcnere aliquid mordicus, to
keep fast hold of; perspicuitatem, Cic. t
morctum -i, a. a rustic salad made of garlic,
parsley, vinegar, oil, etc, Ov.
moribundus -a -um (morior). I. Middle,
1 dying, expiring ; jacentein moribundumque
vidisti, Cic. ; 2, subject to death, mortal ; memln-a,
Verg. II. Act., causing death, deadly, Cat.
morig£ror, 1. dep. (mos and gero), to ac-
commodate oneself to, comply with, gratify, sub-
serve; voluptati annum morlgerari debet nratib,
Cic.
morigerus -a -um (mos and gero), com-
pliant, obedient, accommodating, obsequious, Lucr.
Morini -orum, m. a people in Gallia Belgica.
morior, mortuus sum, mdrlturus, 3. dep. to • ^
die. I. Lit., ex vulnere, Liv. ; ferro, Liv.; hoc
morbo, Cic. ; fame, Cic. ; frigore, Hor. ; in suo
lectulo, Cic. ; voces morientes, of a dying man,
Cic; moriar si, may I die if, Cic. II. Transf,
A. to jierish with love, Ov. B. Of things and
abstr. subject r, to die away, wither away, decay;
a, segetes morinntur in herbis, Ov. ; b, of fire,
to be extinguished ; flaminas et vidi nullo con-
cutiente niori, Ov. ; of parts of the body, to lose
strenqth; at hi (lacerti) mortui jam sunt, Cic;
C, of abstractions, to come to an end, perish ;
suavissimi hominis memoria moritur, Cic. ; p.
adj., mortuus -a -um, dead; subst., mor-
tuus -i, m. a dead man, Cic.
mormyr -yris, f. Qj.opp.vpoi), a sea-fish, Ov.
morologus -a -um (pwpo\6yos), talking like
a fool, foolish ; subst., a fool, Plaut.
1. moror, 1. dep. (mora), to linger, loiter,
tarry, delay. I. A. Lucceius narravit Brutum
valde morari, Cic. ; with infln., alicui bellum
inferre, Cic. ; nihil moror, foil, by quominus
and subj., Liv. B. to stay, tarry in a place;
Brundiaii, Cic. ; in provincia, Cic II. 1, to
cause delay to another, to delay, retard, keep back,
detain, hinder; impetum sustinere atque morari,
Caes.; aliquem ab itinera, Liv.; 2, a, esp. of
the judge in acquitting and dismissinga person,
C. Seinpronium nihil moror, Liv. ; b, as a for-
mula, in breaking off a discourse; ne te moret,
Hor. ; c, nihil morari, (a) to care nothing for; nee
mor
352
mov
dona rnoror, Verg.; (/3) to hare nothing to say
against ; nihil inoror, ens salvos esse, ap. Cic. ;
3, (O detain the attention of, fetter; novitate
morandus spectator, Hor.
2. moror, 1, dep. (ptopos), to be foolish, to be
p. foot, Suet.
morose, adv. (morosus), peevishly, captiously,
Cic.
morosltas -atis, f. (morosus), peevishness,
fretjulness, moroseness, Cic. ; pedantry, excessive
fastidiousness in style, Suet.
morosus -a -um (inos), peevish, morose, cap-
ricious, captious, fretful; senes, cic; canities,
Hor. ; morbus, obstinate, Ov.
Morpheus -€os, m. (Mop<£cv?), godof dreams.
mors, mortis, f. (root MOR, whence morior,
cmnu'Cteil with 0pot6?, /uapau'w), death. I. A.
Lit., omnium rerum mors est extremum, Cic. ;
mortem sibi conseiseere, to commit suicide, Cic;
mortem alicui inferre, to slay, kill, Cic; alicui
morti esse, cause a person's death, Cic ; aiiquem
ex media inorte eripere, Cic. ; plur., mortes,
kinds of death ; clarae mortes pro patria oppet-
itae, Cic. E. Personified as a goddess, daughter
of Erebus and Kox. II. Meton., 1, a corpse,
Plin. ; 2, life-blood ; ensem multa morte recepit,
Verg.; 3, one who brings death or destruction;
mors terrorque sociorum lietor Sextius, Cic.
morsus -us, m. (mordeo), a bite, biting. I.
A. Lit., 1, serpentis, Cic; morsu dividere
escas, Cic; 2, eating; mensarum, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, a seizing, laying hold of, like the bite
of an anchor, Verg.; and meton., that which
seizes, morsus uncus, the fluke of an anchor,
Verg. ; roboris, the cleft of a tree holding fast a
javelin, Verg. ; 2, a biting taste, pungency, Mart.
II. Fig., 1, a carping or malicious attack with
words, Hor. ; 2, mental pain, vexation; curarum,
(J v. ; doloris, Cic.
mortalis -o (mors), subject to death, mortal. I.
Lit., 1, omne animal esse mortale, Cic. Subst.,
a, mortalis -is, m. a mortal man, a man ; and
esp., plur., mortals, men, Cic.; b, mortale
-is, n. that which is mortal or perishable, Cic;
2, transf., transitory, temporary, jxissing away ;
lt-grs, inimieitiao, Cic. II. Transf., relating or
belonging to mortal men, mortal, human, earthly ;
conditio vitae, Cic. Subst., mortalia -Iuin, n.
mortal things, mortal affairs, and esp., human
sufferings; et mentem mortalia tangunt, Verg.
mortalitas -fit is, f. (mortalis). I. the being
subject to death, Cic. II. human nature, the
nature of man regarded as mortal; mortalitatein
explere, to die, Tac
mortar lum -Ii, n. a mortar, Plin.
morticinus -a -um (mors), dead, Plin.
mortxfer -ffra -forum (mors and fero), caus-
ing death, fatal, deadly, mortal ; vulnus, morbus,
Cic
mortualia -lum, n.(mortnu8),/ttnern2 songs,
dirges, Plant.
mortuus -a -um, partie. of morior (q.v.).
mornm -i, n. (jiupov, fiopav), 1, a mulberry,
Verg. ; 2, a. blackberry, Ov.
1. mdrus -i, f. a mulberry- tree, Ov.
2. mdrus -a -um (p-wpoO, silly, foolish, Plant.
mos, muris, m. the will of a person. I. self-
will, caprice; morem nlicni gererc, to comply
wi:h a person's wishes, Cic. II. A. Lit*, custom ;
1, a, enstow, usage, wont ; de more suo clecedere,
Cic. ; esse in more majonim, traditional line, of
conduct, Cic; mos est with genit. gerund, mos
est ita rogandi, Cic ; with infln., magorum mos
est non humare corpora, Cic. ; with ace. arid
infln., mos est Athenis laudari In continue eos,
etc., Cic; mos est or moris est with ut and tlie-
subj., mos est hominum ut nolint eundem plur-
ibua rebus excellere, Cic ; cum morem tenere,
to observe, Cic ; abl. as adv., more mnjorum,
after the way of the ancestors, Cic. ; uieo, tuo, suo
more, Cic; b, fashion, mode; quoniam ita se
mores liabent, Sail. ; 2, gen. plur., manners,
character, disposition, morals; suavissimi, justi,
fori, Cic ; totam vitain, naturam, moresque
alicuius cognoscere, Cic ; describerc hominum
sermoncs moresque, Cic. B. Transf., 1, quality,
nature, manner, use and wont; sidernm, Verg.;
more, ad morem or in morem, after the fash ion
of, foil, by genit., Cic; 2, rule, law ; mores viris
ponere, Verg. ; sine more, without rule or rontrol,
Verg.; quid ferri duritia pugnaeius? seel oedit
et patitur mores," Plin.
Mosa -ae, f. a river in Gallia Bclgica, now the
Meusc.
Moschus -i, m. (Mdtrxo?), a rhetorician of
Pergamus, accused of poisoning.
Mosella -ae, f. a river in Gallia Bclgica, now
the Moselle.
Mosteni -Gram, m. the inhabitants of the
Lydirni town Mostena or -en.
motto -onis, f. <moven). I. movement, motion ;
corpomm, Cic. II. Transf^ emotion, feting;
motiones nnimi, Cic.
moto, 1. (intens. of moveo), to move up and
down, move frequently ; lacertos, Ov. ; zephyris
motantibus, Verg.
1. mot us -a -um, partie. of moveo.
2. motUS -us, m. (moveo). I. a motion, move-
ment. A. Lit., a, uatura omnia ciens motilimt
suis, Cic. ; b, terrae, an earthquake, Cic. ; c,
motion of the body, movement, gesture; esp. of an
orator, manuum motus teneant illud decorum,
Cic ; ex motus mei mediocritate, Cic. ; the ges-
tures of actors or pantomimic dancers; baud
indecoros motus more Tusco dare, Liv. ; dare
motus Cereri, to lead dances, Verg. B. Transf.,
I, motion ofthemind; a, of the senses, dulcem
motum afferent, Cic; b, of the mind, activity;
motus animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogita-
tionis, alteri appetitus, Cic. ; esp., (a) movement
of the passions; motus animi nimii, Cic; (fi)
motion of the will, impulse ; sine motu animi et
cogitntione, Cic ; 2, political movement, insur-
rection, riot, commotion ; nmnes Catilinae motus
prohibere, Cic; motum afferre reipublicae, Cic.
II. revolution in a state, Cic
moveo. movi, motum, 2. (connected with
mutare, d/ici'/3eir, ere.). I. to more, set in motion,
stir. A. Lit., a, caelum. Cic; reflex., terra mnvet,
Liv.; b, to more the body ; se movereand moveri,
/.-, dance, Cic; c, milit. t. t., movere anna, to
take up arms; adrersus aiiquem, Liv. B,
Transf., 1, to produce a bad effect on the. body, to
attack, affect; intnleranda vis aestus corpora
movit, Liv.; 2, to more -mentally; a, se ml
motum fortnnae, Cars. ; h,(a)to influence, work
upon, affect ; pnlchritudo corporis movet oculos,
Cic ; moveri aliqua re, to lie disturbed, made
anxious by, Verg. ; (p) to more compassion, more,
affect; Roscii morte moveri, Cic; (y) to work
upon, induce; with ut and the subj., Cic; 3,
politically, to cause a, commotion, arouse, excitt ;
omnia, Sail. ; 4, to change, shake, shatter ; alicuius
sententiam, Cic ; (idem, Ov. II. tomove from a
place. A. a, limum e gurgite, Ov. ; b, tocause,
produce, excite; risum, Cic ; inisericordiam, Cic ;
C, to bring to notice, bring before ; historias,
Hor. ; d, to begin ; bellum, Cic B. to remove,
put out of its ybu-e ; a, fundamenta loco, Cic. ;
se de Cnmann, Cic; b, milit. ti, movere signa,
easlra, or simply movere or moveri, to march
away, more from a place ; Castra ex en loco,
motf
853
mul
(\ies. ; c, to dispossess; ;ilii|i\em ck ajgrt), Cic. ;
d, 'o cause to move from, one's position, dislodge;
husteni statu, Liv. ; e, to expel; aliqueni de
senatu, Cic. ; f, to make a person change his
opinion; aliquem de sententia, Liv.
mox, adv. (moveo). I. Of future time, soon,
presently; jussit inihi nunciari mox se venttir-
um, Cic. II. then, thereupon ; mox rediit Cre-
inonam reliquiis populus, Tac. ; mox . . . pos-
tremo, Liv.
Moyses -is or -i, m. Moses.
mucidus -a -um (mucus), mouldy, musty,
Juv. _
Mucins -a -mi), name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members if which were: 1, C.
Mucins Curdus (Scaevola), a Roman, who came
to Porseiui's camp to kill him, awl being detected,
thrust his right hand into the, fire, and received
the name of Scaevola (left -ham led); 2, P. Mucins
Scaevola, friend of the Gracchi, enemy of the
younger Scipio Africanns ; 3, Qu. Mucins
Scaevola, augur, husband of Laelia; 4, Qu.
MuciUS Scaevola, jurist, and statesman, l'onlifex
Maximu.1, whose, administration of the province, of
Asia was so upright tliat the. Asiatics celebrated
a festival in honour of him, called Mucin ; 5,
Mucia, Die. wife of Cn. Pompeiu.1. Adj., Mucian ;
snb.it., Mucia -ornm, n. the festival instituted
in honour of Mucins Scaevola (IV). Hence, adj.,
MucianilS -a -nm, relating to Mucins ; exitus,
death of Qu. Mucins Scaevola (IV), murdered by
Damasippus in the temple of Vesta.
mucro -iinis, in. a sharp point or edge. A.
Lit., a, cultri, Juv. ; b, esp., a sword's point or
edge; transf., the sword; inucroiies militum
tremere, Cic. B. Transf., sharpness, point;
l.ribunicius, Cic; Jefensionis tuae, Cic.
mucus -i, iu. (mungo), the mucous matter of
the nose, Cat.
mugil (mugilis) -is, m. (p.v£os), a fish, per-
haps the mullet, PJin.
muginor, 1. dep. (mugio), to loiter, trifle
away time, dally ; dum tu nuiginaris, Cic.
mugio -Ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (from sound mil,
whence nwcdw), to bellow as an ox, low. I. Lit.,
of cattle, Liv.; subst, mugientes = «it, Hor.
II. Transf., to roar, bray, rumble, groan; mugit
tubae clangor, Verg.; subpedibus liiugire solum,
Yerg. ; si inugiat Africis mains procellis, Hor.
mugitUS -us, m. (mugio). I. the lowing,
bellowing of cattle; bourn, Verg. II. Transf.,
a rumbling, groaning, creaking ; terrae, Cic.
mula -ae, f. (mulus), a female mule, Cic.
mulceo, mulsi, mulsinn, 2. to stroke. I. A.
Lit., mami inulcens barbam, Ov. B. Transf.,
to touch lightly; virga capillos, Ov. II. Fig.,
1, to charm, delight, enchant; aliqueni fistula,
Hor. ; 2, to soothe, appease ; tigres, Verg.; et ipso
mulcente et increpante Marcio, Liv. ; aliquem
dictis, Ov. ; liuctus, iras, Verg. ; vulnera, to allay
pain, Ov.
Mulciber -eris and -eri, m. (mulceo, lit.,
the inciter), 1, a surname of Vulcan, Cic, Ov. ;
2, meton., fire, Ov. (genit. syncop., Mulcibii).
mulco, 1. (MULC, whence also mulc-eo,
mulg-eo), to thrash, maltreat, cudgel, handle,
rougldy; male mulcati clavis ac fustibus rcpcl-
luntnr, Cic.
mulcta, mulcto, = multa, multo (q.v.).
mulctra -ae, f. (mulgeo), a milk-pail, Verg.
mulctrarium -li, n. (mulgeo), a milk-pail,
Hor.
mulctrum -i, n. (mulgeo), a milk-pail, Hor.
mulgeo, mulsi, mulctum, 2. (root MULC,
whence also mulceo), to milk, Verg.; pi-ov.,
12
mulgere hh'COS, of an impossible undertaking,
Verg. H
muliebris -e (mulier). I. of or relating to
a woman, womanly, feminine; vox, Cic ; vestis,
Nep. ; bellnm, Cic; certamen, on account of a
woman, Liv.; Fortuna Muliebris, revered in
memory of the women who had appeased the anger
of Coriolawus, Liv. II, Transf., 'womanish,
effeminate, 'unmanly ; sententia, Cic.
muliebriter, adv. (muliebris), after the
manner of a ivoman, effeminately, womanishly;
se lamentis muliebriter lacrimisque dedeie, Cic.
mulier -fris, f. I. a woman, Cic. II. a
■wife, matron; vil'go ant mulier, Cic; eras
mulier erit, Cic.
mullerarius -a -nm (mulier), icomanish;
manus, a troop of soldiers sent by a woman, Cic.
miillercula -ae, f. (dim. of mulier), a little
■woman, used contemptuously, suas secum mnl-
ierculas in castra ducere, Cic.
mulicrositas -atis, f. (mulierosus), exces-
sive lore of women, Cic.
mulierosus -a -nm (mulier), fond of women,
Cic.
mulinus -a -urn (mulus), of or relating to a
mule, Juv.
mulio -chlis, m. (mulus), a mule-keeper, mule-
driver, muleteer, one who lets mules to hire, Cic.
muliomus and (later) mulionicus -a -nm
(mulio), of or relating to a muleteer, Cic.
mull as -i, ra. the. red mullet, Cic.
mulSUS -a -urn (mcl), 1, mixed with honey,
swceteneil. with honey, Plin. ; subst., mulsum
-i, n. wine sweetened with honey; calix mulsi,
Cic; 2, transf., as sweet as honey ; dicta mulsa,
sweet words, Plaut.
multa (mulcta) -ae, f. o punishment con-
sisting in loss of property (originally a fine iu
cattle) ; usually a money-fine, fine, mulct ; imiltam
dicere, to fix a fine, Cic; imiltam petere, irrog-
are, to propose that an accused person should be
fined to a certain amount, Cic. ; multani certare,
to discuss on both sides the amount of a fine, Cic. ;
aliquem multa multare, to punish by a fine, Cic;
multam committere, to incur a fine, Cic.
multangulus -a -urn (inultus and angulus),
many -cornered, multangular, Lucr.
multaticiUS -a -nm (inulta), belonging or
relating to a fine; pecunia, Liv.
multatlo -onia, f. (1. multo), a penalty, fine,
mulct; bonorum, Cic.
multesimus -a -um (multus), very small;
pars, Lucr.
multicavus -a -um (inultus and cavus),
having many holes, porous ; pumex, Ov.
multicia -ornm, n. (inultus and ico), soft,
finely-woven garments, Jnv.
multifarlam,adv.(multifarius from inultus),
on many sides, in many places, Cic
multif i'dus -a -um (multus and findo),
cloven into many jKirts; faces, Ov. ; transf.,
Ister, having many branches, Mart.
multiformis -e (multus and forma), having
many shapes, multiform, manifold, of many kinds ;
qualitates, Cic
multiforus -a -um (multus and foria),
having many openings, pierced with many holes;
multifori tibia buxi, Ov.
multigeneris -o (multus and genus), of
many kinds, of many sorts, Plaut.
multigenus -a -um = multigeneris (q.v.).-
multijugus -a -um and multiiiigis -e
(multus and jugum), many-yoked, yoked many
iiiul
354
mun
together. I. Lit., equi, Liv. II. Transf., mani-
fold, of many sorts; literae, Cic.
multimodis, adv. (for mull is mod is), (n
many ways, variously, Lucr.
multimodus -a -tun (multus and modus),
'various, manifold, Liv. (?)
multiplex -pllcia (multus and plex, from
plico), having many folds. I. Lit., a, nlvusest
multiplex et tortuosa, Cic. ; b, witli many winds
and turnings; vitis serpens multiplici lapsu,
Cic; c, with vmny layers; loi'ica, Verg.; d,
having many parts; corona, Cic; e, manifold,
many, numerous; multiplices fetus, numerous
'offspring, Cic.; f, many times as la rye; multiplex
quam pro nuuiero damnum est, Liv. II.
Transf., A. Of things, of many different kinds,
many-sided, manifold; multiplex ratio disput-
andi, Cic. B. Of persons, many-sided ; varius
et multiplex et copiosns, Cic. ; multiplices
naturae, Cic. ; ingenimn, versatile, changeable, (Jin.
multiplicabilis -e (multiplico), having
•many folds, Cic.
multiplico, 1. (multiplex), to increasemany
times, multiply; aes alienum, Caes. ; tlumina
collectis multiplicantnr aquis, Ov. ; domus mul-
tiplieata, enlarged, Cic.
multitudo -inis, f. (multus), a large number,
multitude. I. Gen., litterarum, Cic. II. Esp.,
of men ; 1, a large number of men, crowd, multi-
tude ; tanta multitudo lapides ac tela jaciebat,
Caes. ; 2, in a contemptuous sense, (he common
people, mob, multitude; faraa ft multitudinis
judicio moveri, Cic.
multlvolus -a -urn (multus and volo),
having many wishes or desires, Cat.
1. multo (mulcto), 1. (multa), to punish;
aliquem mm le, Cic. ; exsilio, Liv. ; vitia liominum
damnis, ignominiis, vincnlis, Cic. ; aliquem
pecunia, to punish with a fine, Nep. ; Veneri esse
iniiltatum, punished, with a fine paid to Venus,
Cic.
2. multo, multum, used adv., v. multus.
multus -a -iini ; comp., plus, plilris ; superl.,
plurimus -a -urn, much. I. Lit,., A. Of
number, many, numerous; inultia verbis, Cic;
viri, Cic. ; multi, many persons, Cic. ; minirne
mult!, exce°dinglg feu; Cic; quam minirne multa
vestigia, as few as possible, Nep. ; multis verbi •,
diffusely, copiously, Cic. ; elliptically, ne multa,
ne multis, briefly, in brief, Cic ; multi (= oi
n-oAAoi), the many, the multitude, the common
herd; unus de multis, Cic; orator e multis,
Cic. ; com par., plures, genit. plurium, several,
more than one, Cic. ; quid plura? in short, Cic. ;
pluribus verbis rogare, Cic ; superb, plurimi,
very many, the. most ; plurimis verbis, Cic. ;
inons, very large, Verg. ; Aetna, the greatest part
of, Ov. B. Of strength or fulness, 'much, great,
strong, considerable; 1, multo labore, "Cic ;
superb, plurimus so], very hot, Ov. ; 2, of time,
ad multum diem, till late in the day, Cic; multa
noete, late at night, Cic; multo mane, very early,
Cic. C. Of space, great ; multa pars Europae,
Liv. II. Transf., A. Of discourse, copious, diffuse,
prolix; ne in re notn multus et insolens sim,
Cic. B. Of an action, busy, vigorous, zealous ;
in eodem genere eansarum multus erat T.
.Tnventius, Cic. C. obtrusive, troublesome; qui
in nliquo gonere aut inconciunus aut multus est
Cic. Hence, multum, com par., plus, Biiperl.j
plurimum, m uch, a great part. I. Subst., A.
In noni. or ace, witli genit., ad multum dioi,
till far in, the day, Liv.; multum diei, a large
part of the day, Sail. ; compar.. pins posse, plus
facere, Cic ; plus pecuniae, Cic; pliiriinuin posse,
Cic; plurimum gravitatis, Cic. B. In genit.,
at price or value, pltrris emere, vendere, dearer, -d
a higher price, Cic; mea mihi conscientia pliiris
est quam omnium senno, is of more value to me,
Cic; aliquem pluris aestimare, to think mure
highly of, Cic. ; superl., plurimi, very dear ; esse,
Cic. II. Adv., A. multo, by far, with com-
paratives or words of similar force ; multo prvuei-
ores, Cic; multo anteponere, Cic. ;non multo post,
not long after, Cic. B. multum ; 1, of degree,
much, very; longe multnmque superare, Cic;
vir multum bonus, Cic; non multum est ma jus,
Cic; 2, of time, often; multum mecum lo-
quuntur, Cic. C. plus; 1, of number, more;
non plus quam semel, Cic; without quam,
plusmille capti, Liv.; with abb, nee esse plus
uno, Cic; 2, of degree, more; quern plus
plusque in dies di^igo, more and more, Cic D.
plurimum, most; ut te plurimum diligam, Cic.
Muluccha (Mulucha) -ae, m. a river in
Mauritania, now Maluia or Moluya.
mulus -i, in. a mule, Cic.
Mulvius -a -urn, Mulvian ; pons, a bridge
above Home on the via Flaminia, now Vonte Mode.
Mummius -a -11111, name if a Human gens,
the most famous member of which was L. Mum-
mius Acliaicus, the destroyer of Corinth.
Muna tius -a -uin, name of a Roman gens,
the most famous member of which was L. Muna-
ti us Plancus, one of the legates of Caesar.
Munda -ae, f. town in Hispunia Baetica,
scene of a victory if Julius Caesar over the sous
of l'ompcius, 45 B.C.
mundanus -a -um (intimitis), of or relating
to Hue world, mundane. Subst., mundanus
-i, 111. « citi-en of the world, Cic.
munditia -ac, f. and (not in Cic) mun-
ditics -ei, f. (nuindus), cleanness. I. Lit.,
Plant. II. neatness, spruceness, elegance; 1, non
odiosa neque exquisita nimis, Cic. ; munditiis
capimur, Ov. ; simplex munditiis, Hor. ; 2,
neatness, elegance of style, qu3 munditia, homines
qua elegantia, Cic.
mundo, 1. (mundus), to cleanse, purify, Verg.
1. mundus -a -um, clean, neat, elegant. I.
supellex, coena, Hor. II. 1, of manner of life,
elegant, refined; homo, Cic; cultus justo
mundior, too elegant apparel, Liv.; 2, of dis-
course, neat, elegant; verba, Ov.
2. mundus -i, m. (l. mundus, like Gr. koct-
P-os). I. 07-Jiame»i< ; mulicbris, Liv. II. the
universe, the world, and the heavenly bodies. A.
luc oraatus mundi, harmony of the universe, Cic;
mundi innumerabiles, Cic B. 1, the heavens;
lucens, Cic; 2, the world, the earth; a, lit.,
quicumqne mundo terminus obstitit, Hor. ; b,
meton., the inhabitants of the world, mankind;
fastos evolvere mundi, Hor.
munero, 1. (munus), to give, present; ali-
quem aliqua re, Cic.
muneror, 1. dep, to present; natura alind
alii muneratur, Cic
miinia -ium, n. duties, filiations, official
duties, official business; candidatorum, Cic.
municeps -clpis, c (munia and capio). I.
the citizen of a municipium.; municeps Cosanus,
of Cosa, Cic. II. a fellow-citi:en, countryman,
fellow-countryman; mens, Cic; municipes Jovis
advexisse lagoenas, countrymen of Jupiter, i.e.,
Cretan, Juv.
municipalis -e (municipium), relating or
belonging tn a municipium, municipal; homines,
Cic.; sometimes in a contemptuous sense, pro-
vincial ; cques, Juv.
municipium -ii, n. (municeps), a town,
usually iii Italy, the inhabitants of which had the
Roman citizenship, but were governed by their
lilUil
mua
OWii ii'imjixl rates and laws; a free town, municipal
town, Cic.
munifice, adv. (munitions), munificently,
bountifully, Cic
munificentia -ae, f. (muni liens), muni-
ficence, bountifulness, Sail.
munifico, 1. (munitions), to present, to give,
Lucr.
munif icus -a -urn (munua and facio), muni-
ficent, liberal; in dando, Cic. (compar., inunili-
centior, super!., munificentissimus).
munimen -inis, n. (munio), a protection,
defence, fortification ; lmniiinine cingcre fossas,
()v. ; ad imbres, against the rains, Verg.
munlmentum -i, n. (inunio). I. a fortifi-
cation, bulwark, defence, protection; ut instar
muri hae sepes mnnimenta praeberent, Caes. ;
tenere se munimentia, entrenchments, Tac. II.
Fig., protection; rati iioetem sibi munimeiito
fore, Ball.
munio (moenio) -ivi and -li -itum, A.
(moeuia). I. to build, build with walls; op-
pidnm, Hor.; absol., to build a wall, Nep. II.
A. to surround with a -wall, fortify; 1, a, lit.,
palatiuin, Nep.; montem, Cae.->. ; castra vallo
fossaque, Caes. ; b, transf., to protect, defend ;
Alpibus Italian) muuierat natura, Cic. ; domum
praesidiis, Cic. ; quae (herbescens viriditas)
contra avium morsus raunitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. ; 2, lig., to secure, male sure ; munio me ad
Iiaee tenipora, Cic. B. to make or build a road,
to pave a road; viain, Cic. ; itinera, Nep.; lig.,
munire alicui viain accusandi, to prepare a way
for, Cic.
munitio -onis, f. (munio), I. fortifying,
entrenching ; 1, lit,, indites inunitione proliib-
ere, Caes. ; 2, meton., a fortification, entrench-
ment ; urbem operibns mnnitionibosque saepire,
Cic. II. a making passable, paving of roouls ;
ex viarum munitione quaestum facere, Cic. ;
munitio fluminum, bridging over, Tac.
munito, 1. (intens. of munio), to pave, make
passable; viain, Cic.
munitor -oris, in. (munio), a Iruilder of forti-
fications, a sapper and miner, military engineer,
Liv.
munitus -a -inn, p. adj. (from inunio),/ort(/!«7,
made safe, secured ; oppidum lnunitissimuin, Cic.
minus -eris, n. (moenus). I. a n office, func-
tion, employment, duty; reipublicae, a public
office, Cic. ; officii, the performance of a duty, Cic;
tuum est hoc munus, Cic. ; consulare munus
sustincre, Cic. ; belli lnunera inter se partiri,
Liv. II. A. an affectionate service, favour ; ncqiie
veto verbis auget'suum munus, Cic; niunere
alicuins rei (poet.), by the help of, Verg. ; esp.,
ihe last services to the dead, funeral honours, in-
terment ; niunere inani fungi, Verg. B. a gift,
present ; 1, alicui munus mittere, Cic. ; mittere
alicui aliquid muneri, to send or giveas a present,
Caes. ; inuncra I.iberi, wine, Hor.; Cereris, bread,
Ov. ; transf., opusculum inajornm vigiliarum
munus, the fruit of, Cic; 2, a, a sacrifice; mun-
era ferre teinplis, Verg. ; b, a public show,
especially of gladiators, generally given by the
acdiles to the -people; niunus magniflcuni dare,
praebere, Cic; niunus gladiatoriuin, Cic; hence,
« building or theatre erected for the people, Ov.
munusculum -i, n. (dim. of munus), a
small gift, little present; alicui mitteie iuiuius-
culum levidense crasso filo, Cic.
Munychia -ae, f. (Movwxia), one of the
ports of Athens. Adj., Munychius -a -um —
Athenian, Ov.
1. muraena — murena (q.v.).
Z Muraena = Murena (q.v.>
muralis -e (mums), of or relating tod wall,
mural ; pila muralia, used by those who defend a
wall, Caes. ; falces, hooks or grappling-irons for
pulling down walls, Caes.; corona, the crown given
to the one who first ascended the wall of a besieged
city, Liv. ; also corona, the diadem of Cybele,
adorned icith walls and towers, Lucr.
Murcia (Murtia, Myrtea) -ae, f. a sur-
name of Venus; ad Mnrciae (sc aedem), or ad
Murciam, a valley separating tlie Palatine from
the A ventine ut Home, Liv.
1. murena (muraena) -ae, f. (jxvpatva), a
sea-fish highly prized by the Romans..
2. Murena -ae, m. (l. murena), a cognomen
belonging to the ge)is I.icinia, the most celebrated
members of which were : 1, L. Licinius Murena,
defended by Cicero, in the extant oration " Pro
Murena," on a charge of bribery-; 2, L. Licinius
Varro Murena, friend of Cicero, executed for sus-
pected complicity in a plot against Augustus.
murex -lois. m. I. the purple-fish, a shell;
fish from which the Tyrian dye was obtained; tire
shell in poets is represented as the trumpet of
Triton, Ov. ; it was also used to adorn grottos,
Ov. ; meton., 1, the purple dye. itself, Tyrioque
ardebat murice laena, Verg. ; 2, a sharp stone,
projecting rock, resembling the murex ill shape ;
acutus, Verg. II. an, edible shcll-jish; Baianus,
Hor.
Murgantia -ae, f. I. a town in Samnium,
now Grace di Morcone. II. town in Sicily, no\y
Afandri Bianchi. A'.l.j., Murgautinus -a -um,
relating to Murgantia.
murmillo = minnillo (q.v.).
muria -ae, f. (aA/ivpt's), brine, pickle, Hor.
murmur -tiris, n. (onomatop.), a murmur,
a humming, buzzing, roaring, growling noise. I.
of men and animals, popull, Liv. ; of indistinct
supplication, placare deos precibiis et murmure
longo, Ov. ; the humming of bees, Verg. ; the roar
of a lion, Mart. II. Of things, of the sea, Cic. ;
of the wind, Verg. ; of the sound of wind-instru-
ments, cornuuni, Hor. ; inflati buxi, Ov. •"■ -
murmiiro, l. (murmur), I. to murmur, make
a humming, growling noise; with ace, flebile
lingua murinurat exaniinis, Ov. II. Of things,
to roar ; mare iiiurmurans, Cic.
1. murrha (murra) = l. myrrha (q.v.).
2. murrha (murra, myrrha) -ae, f. a
mineral, perhaps fiuor spar, end of which costly
rases and goblets were made; hence, poet., the
goblets themselves, Mart.
1. murrhcus (murrous) = l. myrfheus
(q.v.).
2. murrheus (murreus, myrrheus) -a
-um (2. murrha), made of fiuor spar, pocula, Plop.
1. murrhinus (murrinus) = 1. myrrlu-
nus (q.V.).
2. murrhinus (murrinus, myrrhirius)
-a-uui (murrha), made of or relating to the mineral
called myrrha, Plaut.
murt ... v. myrt . . .
Murtia = Murcia (q.v.); .
murus -i, m. a wall, I. A. Lit. a, a vxill
round a city : arbis, Cic. ; muro lapideo urbem
cingere, Cic; b, the vvll of. a private build-
ing, Cic. B. Transf.. 1, the wall of a building,
Cic. ; 2, a bank or dyke of earth, Varr. ; 3, the
rim or edge of a vessel, Juv. II. protection, de*
fence ; lex Aelia ct Flllla propugnacula muriqua
tranquillitatis, Cic; Gratum murus Achillea
Ov.
1. inus, in uiis, c. 0*0?), a mouse; rustfeus
or agrestis, field-mouse, Hor. ; non solum. Jn-
quiliui sed etiam inures nu'grarunt, Cic; under
Mug
3.30
Mut
the word mus the Romans comprehended the \
cat, marten, sable, ermine, etc.
2. Mus, Muris, m. the name of a family of the
liens Dccia, two members of which, P. Decius M us
and his son of the same name, devoted themselves to
death to gain victory for their country.
ftlusa -ae, f. (MoCtra). I. a muse, goddess of
music, poetry, and generally of the fine arts. The
Muses, usually said to he the daughters of Zens
and Mnemosyne, were nine in number, namely,
Clio, Melpomene, Thalia, Euterpe, Terpsichore,
Calliope, Erato, Urania, Polyhymnia. II, Meton.,
1, song, poetry ; pedestris, poetry bordering on
prose, Hor. ; 2, musae, learning, studies ; agrest-
'iores, Cic
1. Musaeus -i, m. {Movaaios), a fabulous
Greek poet.
2. musaeus -a -urn (Muss), poetical, musical,
Lucr.
musoa -ae, f. (nviovca, dim. of ^via), a fly,
Cic. ; transf., a troublesome, inquisitive person,
Plaut.
musoarius -a -urn (musca), 1, of or relating
to flies, Plin. ; 2, subst,, muscarium -ii, n. a
fly-flap, made of peacocks' feathers or an ox's or
Icorse's tail, Mart.
muscip .'.- -ae, f. and muscipiilum -i,
n. (mus and eapio), a mouse-trap, Pliaedr.
muscosu3 -a -am (muscus), covered with
moss, full of moss, mossy; fontes, Yirg. ; nihil
inuscosins, Cic
musculus -i, m. (dim. of mus). I. a little
mouse, Cic II. Transf., 1, milit. t. t,, a she/',
mantelet, Cars. ; 2, a sjm-ies of whale, Plin.
muscus -i, in. moss, Hor.
museus -a -tun = 2. musaeus (q.v.).
muslca -ae, f. and muslce -es, f. (jtovcriKt'i),
music; mnsicam tractare, Cic
1. muslce -es, f. = musiea (q.v.).
2. musice, ailv. Oioixriiccos), splendidly, plea-
santly, finely; musice liercle aetatem agitis,
Plaut.
musicus -a -nm (iiov&ikos). I. belonging or
relating to music, musical ; leges, rules of music,
Cic Subst., a, musiCUS -i, in. o musician, Cic.;
b, musica -oruin, n. music, Cic. II. Esp.,
relating to poetry, poetical, Ter.
musslto, 1. (intens. of musso), to murmur to
oneself, to mutter to oneself, Liv. ; clam mussito,
Liv.
musso, 1. (like mutio, from sound mu). I.
a, to murmur, mutter, whisper to oneself; mus-
santes inter se. rogitabant, Liv. ; b, to hum,
buzz; of liees, mussant oras et limina circuni,
Verg. II. to at in fear and u nrertainty; nuissat
rex ipse LatiiuiB, quos gencroa vocet, Yerg.
mustaceum (mnstacium) -i, n. and
mustaceus (rr.ustacius) -i, m. (mustum).
a must-cake, a laurel-cake, a sort of wedding-cake,
mixed with must and liaked on bay-leaves ; prov.,
Isureolain in innstaceo quaerere, to look for fame
in trifles, Cic.
mustela (mustella) -ae, f. (dim. of mus),
o weasel, Cic
mustclinus (mustcllinus) -a -um (mus-
tela), o/or relating to a weasel, Ter.
mustum -i, n., v. mustus.
mustus -a -um, young, new, fresh. I. Adj.,
agna, Cato ; vinum, must, Cato. II. Subst.,
mustum -i, n. new wine, must, Verg.; tig., nova
ista quasi de inusto ac lacu fervida oratio, Cic;
meton., ter centum musta videre, vintages, Ov.
Husulaml (Musulamli) -Orum, m. a
warlike people of Numidia.
Muta -ae, f. (inutiis), a nymph, whom Jupiter
made dumb because of her loquacity.
mutabilis -e (lUUto), changeable, variable,
inconstant ; ea forma rcipublicae mutabilis est,
Cic.
mutabilitas -iitis, f. (mutabilis), changeable-
ness, mutability ; mentis, Cic.
mutatio -onis(miito). I. a changing, change,
mutation ; facere inutationem alicnius rei, Cic.
II. a mutual change, exchange; ofliciornm, Cic
mutilo, 1. (mntilus). I. to maim, mutilate,
cut off ; nasoauribusque mut.ilatis, Liv. ; caudam
eolubrae, Ov. II. Transf., to curtail, diminish ;
exereitum, Cie.
mutilus -a -um (fiirvXos, fumAo?)- I.
maimed, mutilated; esp. of animals which] have
lost one or both horns ; alces mutilae sunt corn-
ibus, Caes. ; so transf. in jest, sic mutilus milit-
aris, Hor. II. Fig., of speech, mutila loqui,
briefly, Cic
Miitina -ae, f. town in Cispadane Gaul, now
Modena. Hence, adj., Miitinensis -e, relating
to Miitina.
mutio (muttio), 4. (from sound mu), (o
mutter, mumble, murmur, Plant., Ter.
mutltio (muttltio) -onis, f. a muttering,
mumbling, Plant.
invito, ]. (for movito), to move. I. to more
away, remove ; lie quis invitus civitate inutet.iir,
should be removed from the state, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. to change, alter; 1, a ? transit., sententiam,
consilium, voluntatem, Cic ; mutari alite, to be
changed into a bird, Ov. ; b, retiex. lnutaiv,
and pass, mutari, to be changed '; annona niliil
mutavit, I -iv. ; 2, a, to dye ; vellera Into, \ erg. ;
b, vinum niutatnni, spoiled, soured, Hor. B.
to change, exchange ; 1, jitmenta, to change.
horses, Caes. ; but, nintare ealoeos el vestimenta,
foundress, Cic ; enp., miltare vestem, to put on
mourning, Cic. ; nintare terrain, to yointaanother
country, Liv.; miitala verba, used metaphoric-
ally, Cic. ; 2, to exchange, barter; nierccs, Verg. ;
res inter se, Sail.
mutuatio -Onis, f. (mutuor), a borrowing,
Cic. _
mutue, adv. (mutnus), mutually, reciprocally,
in return; rcspondere, Cic
muttio, adv. (mutuus), mutually, reciproc-
ally ; aestus maritimi muttio accedentes et
recedentes, Cic
mutuor, 1. dep. (mut mini), to borrow. I.
Lit., a, money, etc.; pecunias, Caes.; without
arc, ab aliquo, Cic ; b, other things, auxilia
ad helium, Anct. bell. Gall. II. Transf., orator
subtilitatem ab Academicis mutuatur, Cic. ;
verbum a simili, to speak metaphorically, Cic.
mutUS -a -um. I. unable to speed; not pos-
sessing the power of articulate speech, dumb;
bestia, Cic. II. Transf., A. muta dolore lyra
est, Ov. B. uttering no sound, mute, silent ;
ynago, Cic ; artes quasi mutae, the fine arts as
Opposed to rhetoric, Cic. C. a, of places whence
no sound is heard, still, quiet ; forum, Cic. ; b,
of time, tempus inutuin litteris, when nothing is
written, Cic.
mutUUS -a -um (muto), lit., given in. ex-
doing.-. I. borrowed, lent ; pecuniani dare mut-
uam, to lend, Cic. ; sumere ab aliquo pecunias
mutuas, to borrow, Cic. Subst., rr.utuuni -i, ll.
a loan, Cic. II. mutual, reciprttfrd ; nox omnia
erroris liiutui implevit, on both siilrs, Liv.; bene-
volentia, Cic Subst., mutuum -i, n. recipro-
city; mutuum in ainicitia, Cic; pedibus per
mutua nexis, fastened on each other, Verg.
Mut$fce -es, f. town in Sicily, now Modica.
Hence adj., Mutycensis -e, relating to Mvtyce.
Myc
357
' M^cale -es, f. (Mu<caAn), a promontory of
Ionia, opposite the island of Samoa.
Mycenae -arum, f.,nnd Mycena-ae, f.,and
Mycene -es, f. (Mi/(c/ji/<u. Mukijitj), a city in
Argnlis of which Agamemnon was king; hence,
I, ailj.i Myccnacus -a -uiu, relating to Mycene I
or to Agamemnon ; 2, Mycenenses -lam, ui.
inhabitants of Mycenae ; 3. Mycenls -klis, f.
a Mycenian woman, e.g., Iphigcueia, Ov.
Myconus (-8s) -i, f. (Mu'kokos), one of the
Cydades Islands in the Aegean Sea,
MygdonSs -um, in. (MuvSdees), a Thracian
people who settled in Phrygia, Bithynia, and
Mesopotamia. Hence, 1, Mygdonfs -Wis, f.
= Lydian, Ov. ; 2, Mygdonius -a -urn =
Phrygian, Hor.
Mygdonldes -ae, in. son of Mygdon, king of
Phrygia.
Mylasa -orum, n. (Mv'Aao-a), a town in Caria.
Hence, A. Mylaseni -drum, m. and B.
Mylasenses -lam, in. the inhabitants of
Mylasa. C. Mylaseus -§i, in. an inhabitant
of Mylasa, D. Mylaslus -a -uin, Mylasian.
Myndus (-Ss) -i, f. (MvVSos), sea-town in
Caria. Hence, Myndii -orum, m. the in-
habitants of Myndus.
myoparo -onis, m. (jxvoniptav), a small pirat-
ical skiff, Cic.
myrice -es, f., and myrioa -ae, f. (pvpUr)),
the tamarisk, Verg.
Myrina -ae, f. (MvpiVa), fortified sea-port of
the Aeolians in Mysia.
Myrmecldes -ae, m. (Mupp.>jia'67)s), a cele-
brated sculptor.
Myrmidones -uin, m. (Mi/p/ouSoves), the
Myrmidons, a people in Thessalia Phthiotis under
the rule of Achilles.
myrmillo = inirinillo (q.v.).
Myro -Onis, m. (Mvpwi/), a celebrated Greek
sculptor.
myropola -ae, in. (pvpoTrwk-ns), a seller of
■unguents, Plaut.
myropolium -ii, n. (/j.vpoTniAioi'), a shov
■where unguents are sold, Plaut.
l. myrrha (murrha, murra) -ae, f
Oi' ; ppa), 1, the myrrh-tree, Plin. ; 2, myrrh, a
gum obtained from the myrrh-tree.
.'. myrrha = 2. murrha (q.v.).
:!. Myrrha -ae, f. (Mxippa), the daughter of
Cinyras, changed into a myrrh-tree.
1. myrrheus (murrhfius, murrcus)
-a -uiu (myrrha), 1, perfumed or anointed with
myrrh, Hor. ; 2, myrrh-coloured, yellow, Prop.
2. myrrheus = 2. murrheus (q.v.).
1. myrrhinus (murrhinus, murrmus)
-a -mil (1. myrrha), of myrrh, Plant.
2. myrrhinus = 2. murrhinus (q.v.).
myrtetum (murtetum) -i, n. (myrtus), a
grove or thicket of myrtle-trees, Sail.
myr tous (murteus) -a -urn, 1, of or relating
to the myrtle, Verg. ; 2, myrtle-coloured, Tib.
myrtum -i, n. (p.vpTov), themyrtle-berry,\erg.
myrtus -i and -us, f. (p.vpros), the myrtle,
myrtle-tree, Verg.
Myrtilus -i, m. (Mupn'Ao?), the son of Mer-
cury, who threw himself into the sea, hence accord-
ing to some called mare Myrtoum (but see under
Myrtos).
Myrtos -i, f. (Mu'pios), o small island near
Kuboea; lienco, adj., Myrtous -a -urn, mare
Myrtoum, a part of the Aegean sea between Crete,
tlie Pefoponnesfi, and E.ubqe'%,
nam
(Mv'oxeAos), an Achaean,
Myscclus -i, m.
founder of Crotona.
Mysi -orum, m. (Mucroi), the people of Mysia
in Asia Minor ; hence, 1, Mysia -ae, f. their
country; 2, Mysus -a -urn, Mysian.
mystagogus -i, m. OivaTa-yioyew), n priest or
attendant who shoiaed the temple to strangers;
a cicerone, Cic.
mystcrium -Ii, n. (/ivo-ojpio^). I. Bing., a
secret, secret science ; aliquid taciturn tnmqiiant
mysterium tenere, Cic. II. Plur., mysteria
-orum, n. (jjivcmjpia). A. mysteries or secret rites
witli which some gods of antiquity were worshipped ;
especially the Eleuslnian worship of Ceres, Cic.
B. secrets, mysteries (of an art) ; mysteria rhet-
orum aperire, Cic.
mystes -ae, in. (^vVtjjs), a priest at the
mysteries, Ov.
mysticus -a -uin (mvotikos), relating to the
mysteries, secret, mystic, Verg.
Mytilenae -arum, f. and Mytilene -es, f.
(MimAijvij), capital of tlie isla)td of Lesbos. Hence,
adj., Mytilenaeus -a -um, Mytilenean.
Myus -untis, f. (Muous), a town in Caria.
mytllus = mitulus (q.v.).
"VT ii, the thirteenth letter of tlie Latin
1.1 . alphabet, corresponds in sound to tlie
Greek mi (N, v). For the uses of N. as an
abbreviation, see Table of Abbreviations.
Nabataei (Nabathaei) -drum. m. (Na/3<x-
raioi, Na^aflaioi), the Nabataeans in Arabia
Petraea. Hence, Nabataeus -a -um, Nuba-
taean, poet. = Arabian, Eastern; subst., Na-
bataea -ae, f. (tiafiaraCa), a country of Arabia
Petraea
Nabis -bidis, m. (Na/3is), king of Sparlaabout
200 .\.v.
nablium (naulium) ii aud nablum i,
n u stringed instrument of uncertain form; a
kind of harp or lyre, Ov.
nae = 1. ne (q.v.).
nacnla = nenia (q.v.).
Naevius -a -um, name of a Rotnan gens, of
which the most notable member u-as Cn. Naevius,
Roman dramatic and epic poet, born about 274
a.c. Hence, Naevianus -a -um, Nacvian.
naevus -i, m. a mole on the body, Cic.
Nahanarvali -orum, m. a German tribe.
Nalas -adis and Nals -Idis (-idos), ace. plur.
-Idas, f. (Nai'at, Nats, a swimmer), 1, a water-
nymph, Naiad ; used attrib., pucllae Naiades,
Verg. ; 2, a nymph, hamadryad, Nereid, Ov.
Hence, Naious -a -um, belonging to the Naiads.
nam, conj. for (differs from enim iu standing
at the liegiiining of a clause or proposition). I.
Introducing an explanation, is pagus appella-
batur Tiguriuus ; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in
quatuor pagos divisa est, Caes. ; hence, esp., a,
sometimes introducing a parenthesis, in insula
quae est in Tiberino (pam opinor illud alteri
Huinini nomen esse) sermom denius operant,
Cic. ; b, or taking up the thought interrupted
by a parenthesis, duplex inde Hannibali gaud-
imn fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae
apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat) \ nam et
libernrr. Mipucil<$meritatoni, etc., Uru als0 C,
y
Nam
358
nat
introducing examples in illustration of a previous
general assertion, vivo Catone minores natu
inulti uno tempore oratores floruerunt ; nam et
A. Albinus et literatus et disertus fuit, Cic. II.
Introducing a reason, argument, fact, in justifi-
cation of a preceding statement, celebratote
illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris ; nam
ranlti saepe honores dis immortalibus justi
habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores nuniquani,
Cic. ; also used in rhetorical questions to express
a climax, numquam ilium ne minima quidem
re offendi . . . una domus erat, idem victus
isque communis ; nam quid ego de studiis
dicam? Cic; often found in connexion with
liercle, mehercle, edepol, Cic. III. Used to add
emphasis to an interrogation, and in this appli-
cation often enclitic, quis est nam Indus in
undis ! Verg.
Namnetes -urn, m. a people in Gallia Celtica
near the modern Nantes.
namque, conj., a more emphatic form of
nam (q.v.), standing like it at the beginning of
a sentence or clause, though sometimes after the
first or second word : prodigiuin extemplo de-
dicationem secutum ; namque lapidibus pluit,
Liv. ; Alcibiades »d omnes res aptus consiliique
plenus ; namque impcrator fuit summus mari et
teiTa, Nep.
nanciscor, nactus and nanctus sum, 3. dep.
to get, obtain, meet. I. Lit., to find, fall on;
anulum.Ter.; morbum, Nep.; spem,Cic; fidem,
Ov. II. Transf., A. — to reach ; vitis claviculis
suis, quicquid est nacta, complectitur, Cic. B.
to find, meet with; aliqueni, Cic; turbidam tem-
pestatcm, Caes.
Nantuates -iuin, m. a Celtic Alpine people.
' nanus -i, m. (vawos, vivos), a dwarf, Juv.
I napaeus -a -um (i-an-cuo?), of or relating to
the forest; subst., napaeae -arum, f. wood
nymphs, Verg.
Nar, Nan's, m. a river of Italy, that flows
into the Tiber, now Nera.
Narbo -onis, m. town in Gallia Narbonoisis,
now Narbonnc. Hence, adj., Narbonensis -e,
o/ov belonging to Narbo.
narcissus -i, m. ddpiacrcro';). I. the narcis-
fits, daffodil, Verg. II. Proper name, Harcissvs,
imi nf Cephisus and. Liriope, a. youth of remark-
able beauty, who fell in love with his own reflection
in a fountain, and wasted away till he was changed
in!" the flower of the same name.
nardus -i. f. and nardum -i, n. (i-dpSos),
1, nard, o name given by the. ancients to various
aromatic plants, 1'lin. ; 2, the unguent or Ixdsam
of nard, Hor.
naris -is, f. the nostril; usually plur.,
nares -Ium, f. the nostrils. A. Gen., fasciculum
ad nares cimimovcre, Cic. B. Esp., the nose, as
expressive of sagacity orof scorn oranger; homo
naris obesae, a person of dull perce)>tion, Hor. ;
homo enmnctae naris, a man of keen perception,
Hor. ; naribus uti, to laugh at, mock at, Hor. ; ne
tnappa nares corruget, cause the guest to turn up
hi* nose, Hor.
Narnla -ae, f. a tov:n in Umbria on the Nar,
now Narni. Hence, adj., Narniensis -e, re-
lating to Narnla.
narrabilis -e (narro), tluit can be told or
narrated, Ov.
narratio -onis, f. (narro), a telling, narrating,
relating, narration; rem narrare ita ut veri-
similis narratio sit, Cic.
narrator -oris, in. (narro), a relater, narrator,
Cic.
narratus -us, in. (narro), a narration, nar-
rative, Ov.
nari'0, 1. (for gnaro = gnarum facio), to make
known. I. to relate, tell, narrate ; ego tibi ea narro,
quae tu melius scis quam ipse qui narro, Cic. ;
de mea solicitudine, Cic. ; male bene, narrare, to
bring good or bad tidings, Cic. ; with ace. and
infln., Cic; with rel. sent, Cic; pass., narrator,
witli noiii. and infin., it is narrated, it is told,
Liv. II. to say, speak, tell ; narro tibi (a form of
asseveration), I assure you, Cic.
nartheclum -li, n. (vapOrjKioi'), a case for
keeping perfumes and medicines, Cic.
narus = gnarns (q.v.).
Narycum -i, n. and Naryx -rycis, f.
(Napv|), a town of the-Ozolian Locrians, whence
the town of Locri in Brutlium was founded.
Adj., Narycius -a -um, Narycian; urbs, Locri
in. Italy, Ov.
Nasamones -um, a people in the sovth-west of
Cyrcnaica. Hence, adj., Nasamoniacus -a
-um, Nasamonian.
nascor (gnascor), natus sum, 3. dep. I.
Lit., A. to be born, nasci patre ccrto, Cic ; non
nobis solum nati sumus, Cic. ; post hominum
genus natum, since the beginning of the world,
Cic. B. to descend from, spring from; natus
suinmo loco, of a good family, Cic. II. Transf.,
to arise, be produced, spring forth; nascitur ibi
plumbum, Caes. ; ab eo llumine collis nascebatur,
began to rise, Cic. ; nulla tarn detestabilis pestis
est, quae non homini ab homine nnscatur, Cic.
Nasica -ae, in. name of a family of the
Scipios, the most famous member of which, was
P. Cornel. Scipio Nasica, famous for his integrity.
Naso -onis, in. the cognomen of the poet
P. Ovidius ; v. Ovidius.
Nasos -i, f. (i'a.o-0; r= i'ij<ro?, island), a jwrt of
the city of Syracuse.
nassa (naxa) -ae, f. a narrow-necked basket
for catching fish, Plaut. ; fig., a trap, net, snare,
ex liac naxa exire constitui, Cic.
nasturcium (nasturtium) -li, u. a kind
of cress, Cic.
nasus -i, m. the nose. I. Lit., A. nasus ita
locatus est, ut quasi mums oculis iuterjectus
esse videatur, Cic. B. the nose; a, as the sent
of smell, nasus illis nullus erat, Hor.; b, as
expressing anger, scorn, etc., aliquem oraliquid
naso suspendere adunco, to turn up the nose "I,
ridicule, mock, Hor. II. Transf, the nose, nozzle,
s)x>}il. if a vessel, Juv.
nasutUS -a -um (nasus) 1, boring a large
nose, Hor.; 2, acute, sagacious, satirical, Mart.
nata -ae, f. (nascor), a daughter, Verg.
natalicius -a -um (natalis), o/or relating to
birth, and esp. to the time, of birth : praedicta, a
horoscope, Cic. Subst., natalicia -orum, n. a
birthday festival, Cic
natalis -e (2. natus), of or relating to birth,
natal. I. Adj., dies, Cic. ; lux, Ov. ; bora,
Hor. ; diem natalem suuin agere, celebrate, Cic ;
II. Subst., natalis -is, m., a, a birth-place,
Delos natalis Apollinis, Hor. ; b. a birth-day,
Cic. ; natalis Romae, festival ofPalilia^n honour
of the founding of Rome, Ov. ; plur. natales
-Ium, in. birth, origin, condition ; Cornelius
Fuscus, claris natalibus, of illustrious origin,Tac.
natans -antis (partic. of nato), swimming;
poet, subst. f., untantcs, fishes, Verg,
natatio -onis, f. (nato), swimming, ap. Cic.
natator -oris, m. (nato), a swimmer, Ov.
nates, v. natis.
natlo -Onis, f. (nascor). I. Abstr., a being
bom, birth; natione Numida, Tac. ; hence, per-
eouif., Natlo, the goddess of birth. Cic, JI,
nat
359
11 a v
Conor., A. Lit., a nation, people; externae
nat Jones et gentes, Cic. B. Transf. , a breed, race,
species, stock, class; candidatoruin, Cio. ; Epieur-
eorum, Cic ; vestiu natio (of the Stoics), Cic.
natis -is, f., usually plur., nates -lum.f. the
rump, buttocks, Hor.
nativus -a -um (2. natus). I. bom, that which
has come into existence by birth; Anaximanclri
opinio est, nativos esse deos, Cic. II. inborn,
innate, native, natural, not artificial; beluae
nativis testis inliaerentes, Cic.
nato. !. (from no, narc), to swim. I. Lit.,
sttuliosissiinus homo natandi, Cic; in -oceano,
Cic. ; natant aequore pisces, Ov. ; natat uncta
carina, floats, Verg. ; poet., followed by ace,
caeca freta, Verg. II. Transf., A. to stream,
spread abroad ; qua seTiberinus in altum divid.it
et campo liberiore natat, Ov. ; rig., to totter =
to be insecure : tu uiilii nataru visus es, Cic. B,
1, to swim with anything, befall of, overflow;
natabant pavimenta vino, Cic. ; omnia plenis
rura natant fossis, Verg. ; 2, of the- eyes, to swim,
to be glass if ; vinis oculique animique natabant,
Ov. y
natrlx -icis, f. a water-snake, Cic.
natura'-ae, f. (nascor). I. birth, Cic. ; natura
frater, adoptiono Alius, Cic. II. nature. A. 1,
natural qualities Of anything ; a, of tilings,
haec est natura propria aniiuae et vis, Cic. ;
inontis, Caes. ; loci, Caes. ; b, of men, nature,
natural disposition, character; quae tua natura
est, Cic. ; versare suam naturam, Cic. ; naturani
expellas furca, tamen usque recurret, Hor. ; 2,
nature, a, the laws of nature, the order and con-
stitution if the world; quod rerum natura n on
patitur, Cic. ; naturae satisfacere, to pay the debt of
nature, to die, Cic. ; naturae concedere, Sail. ;
b, nature, possibility ; in rerum natura luissc, to
be possible, Cic. B. 1, a, the world, creation; in
full, rerum natura, Cic. ; \), nature as tlie suul of
the universe, Cic. ; 2, an element, substance, es-
sence ; ex duabua naturis conflata, Cic.
naturalis -o (natura)- I. that which has
arisen or been produced by birth, natural ; pater,
own father (upp. ruioptive father), Cic. II. 1,
natural; societas, lex, Cic; neut. plur. subst.,
naturalia anteponantur non tiaturalibus, that
which is natural to that, which is not natural,
Cic ; 2, relating to nature ; quaestioncs, Cic.
naturaliter, adv. (naturalis), naturally, t>y
nature, according to nature; divinaiiyCic
1. natus -a -um, p. adj. (from nascor): I.
Adj., bom; 1, born for, fitted by nature for :
with ad or in and the ace, or with dat., Judaei
et Syrae natioues natae sorvituti, Cic. ; poet,
with inf., animal natuui tolcrare labores, Ov. ;
2, naturally constituted; ita natus locus est,' 1
Liv. ;• pro re nata, under present circumstances,
as things are now, Cic. ; 3, with a date, ex-
presses age, eques Romanus annos prope XC
natus, cdmost ninety years old, Cic. II. Subst.,
1, natus -i, m. a *■>», Cic. ; 2, nata -ae, f. a
daughter, Verg.
'2. natus -u, m. (found only in the abl. sing.),
(nascor), birth (particularly applied to denote
age); magnus natu, giandis natu, of consider-
able age, Cic. ; qui fuit major natu quam Plautus
et Naevius, older, Cic. ; ex his omnibus natu
minimus, the youngest, Cic.
nauarohus -i, m. (vavap\o%), a captain of a
ship, Cic.
nauci, v. naucum.
Naucrates, ace. -em, in. (NauKpanjs), a
Greek orator, pupil of Isocrates.
naucum -i, n., lit., « nut-shell, fig., a trifle,
something very small; only used in such ex-
pressions as non nauci habere,. to esteem lightly,
Cic. . .'
naufragium -li, n. (for navifragium, from
navis and fraugo), a shipwreck. I. Lit., nau-
fragium (naufragia) facerc, to suffer shipwreck,
Cic. ; naufragio interire, Caes.; perire, Cic. ;
prov., naufragia alicmus ex terra intueri, to be-
hold danger from a place- of safety, Cic. ; rig.,
misfortune, ruin,loss ; fortunaruin, Cic. ; patrim-
onii, Cic. ; tabula ex naufragio, literally, a
plank from a shipwreck, a meuns of safety, way
of deliverance, Cic. II. Meton., the remains of
a shipwreck, wrecJcage; llg., colligere naufragium
reipublicne, Cic. ■
naufragus -a -um (for navifragus, from'
navis and frango). I. Pass.,' that suffers or has
suffered shipwreck; Mariuin Africa devictS ex-
pulstun et naufragum vidit, Cic. ; corpora,
Verg. ; puppis, Ov. ; iig., patrimonio naufragns,
Cic. II. Act., poet., causing shipwreck) mare,
Hor.; uuda, Tib.
naulium = nablium (q.v.).
naulum -i, U. (vavKov), fare, 2Kissage-moncy,-
Juv.
naumachia -ae, f. (vavixax.i*), 1, a naval
battle exhibited as a spectacle, Suet.; 2, theplace
in which the spectacle was exhibited, Suet.
naumachiarius -a -um (naumachia), of or
relating to a mock sea-fight, Plin. ; subst., nau-
machiarius -i, ni. one who fought in a mock
sea-fight, Suet. • - • ■
Naupactus (-Ss) -i, f. (Navn-aKro;), a sea-
port on the Gulf of Corinth in Locri Ozolae, now
Ncpactos or Lepanto. Hence, adj., Naupactlus
-a -um, of or relating to Naupactus.
Nauportus -i, f. a toicn in Pannonia, now
Ober-Laibach.
nausea (nausia) ae, f. (vavvia), seasick-
ness ; navigamus sine timore et nausea, Cic.';
transf., sickness, nausea., Hor.' • '■
nauseo (nausio), 1. (nausea). I. to be sea-
sick ; epistola quam dedisti nauseans Buthroto,
Cic'; transf., to vomit, be sick; quidlibet, modo
lie "nauscct, faciat, Cic II. Transf., ista effut-
ieirtcui nauscarc, to belch out u/msense, Cic.
nauseola (nausiola) -ae,, f. (dim. ..of
nausea), a slight s'pieiunishness, Cic
nauta -ac, in. (for navita, from navis), w
sailor, seaman; mariner, Cic
nauticus -a -tin! (■tamitds), of or relating to
a sailor, nautical, naval; verbum, Cic; scientia
atque usus nauticarum. rerum, Caes. ; subst.,
nautici -drum, in. sailors, Liv.
navalis -c (navis), 1, adj., of or relating to
ships, naval, nautical ; bellum, pugua, Cic. ;
castra, for the protection of ships—when drawn
upon shore, Caes. ; socii navales, sailors (cliosen
from the freedmen of the colonists and allies),
Liv. ; pedes navales, galley-slaves, Plant. ; 2,
subst., a, navale -is, n. o station for ships,
Ov.; b, navalia -luni, n., (a) a dockyard, and
esp. « place in Rome so called, Liv. ; (fi) mate-
rials for ship-building, Liv.
navarchus = nauarchus (q.v.).
nave = naviter (q.v.).
navicula -ae, f, (dim. of navis), a little ship,
skiff, boat, Cic.
navicularius -a -um (navicula), relating to
email ship's, boats. A. navlcularia -ae, f. (sc.
res), the business of, one who lets out ships for
trans-port, the business of a ship-owner; navic-
ulariam facere, Cic. B. navicularius -li, m.
one who lets out shij>sfor traTispart, <i ship-oicner,
Cic.
nav
360
nee
navifragUS -a -um (navis and frango), caus-
ing shipwreck, ship-destroying, Verg.
navigabills -e (navigo), navigable ; mare,
Liv.
navigatio -onis, f. (navigo), a sailing, voyage,
navigation; bona, Cic. ; primani navigationeni
(cliance of sailing) ne oiniseris, Cic.
naviger -gCra -gerum (navia and goro), ship-
bearing, navigable ; mare, Lucr.'
uavigidlum -i, n. (dim. of navigiuni), a little
ship, a bark, ap. Cic.
navigium -ii, n. (navigo), 1, a sailing, navi-
gating, Lucr.; 2,avessel, ship; navigiuni facerc,
Cic.
navigo, l. (navis). I. Intransit., to sail,
voyage. A. ex Asia in Macedoniam, Cic. ; of
ships, decrevinius, ut classis in Italiam navig-
aret, Cic. B. Transf., of a naval war, to pro-
ceed, go; quam celeriter, Cn. Tompeio duce,
belli impetus navigavit, Cic. II. Transit, 1,
to sail over, sail through, navigate ; terrain, Cic;
aequor, Verg.; 2, to get or earn by navigation ;
quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, Sail.
navis -is, f. (eavs), a ship, vessel. I. Lit.,
navis longa, a man-of-war, Liv. ; oneraria, a
ship of burden, transport-ship, Liv. ; praetoria,
admiral's ship, flag-ship, Liv.; tecta, Liv.; coii-
strata, decked, Cic. ; aperta, undecked, Cic. ;
navis auri, ladenwith gold, Cic; naveni deducere
in aquam, to launch, Liv. ; subducere, to dray
on shore. Caes. ; conscendere in naveni, to em-
bark, Cic. ; prov., navibus et quadrigis, with all
one's might, Hor. II. Fig., of the state, una
navis bonoruin omnium, Cic ; esse i»i eadein
navi, to be in the same boat with any one, to share
a common lot, Cic.
navita = nauta(q.v.).
navitas (gnavitus) -atis, f. (navus), as-
siduityi zeal, Cic.
navitcr, adv. (navus), 1, assidiwitsly, zeal-
ously, actively, Liv. ; 2, entirely, quite ; im-
pudens, Cic.
navo, 1. (navus), to do anything zealously,
activity, assiduously, diligently; navare operam
alicui, to come to help, render assistance, Cic;
fortiter in acie navare operam, lav. ; quam
vellein Bruto studium tuum navare. potuissess,
Cic. ; belluui, to carry on war with energy, Tac. ;
rempublicam, to serve the state, Cic
naVUS (gnavus) -a -um, active, diligent,
energetic, assiduous; homo navus et industrius,
Cic
naxa -ae, f.= nassa (q.v.).
Naxus (-OS) -i, f. (Nofos), an island of the
Aegean Sea, the largest of the Cyclade-s, now Naria
or Axia. Hence, Naxius -a -um, Naxian.
1. ne (nae), adv. (rrj), yes, verily, truly ; nu
illi multa saecula exspectanda fuerutit, Cic
2. ne, the original Latin particle of ncgal inn.
I. Adv., A. not; obsolete and rare in tliis sense,
which however appears in compounds such as
nemo (=ne-hemo), ne-scio, etc., and in such
phrases" as : B. 1, ne . . . quidem, not even;
ne in oppidis quidem, Cic; 2, no . . . quoque
= ne . . . quidem, ne quis, etc. C. a, with the
imper. to express a prohibition, ne tiluete, Liv.;
b, with the subj., to express a prohibition,
nobis nostras ne ademerls, Cic; c, with subj.,
si certum est facerc, facias, verum ne post con-
ferns culpam in me, Tac; with a negative
wish, ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. suit, Liv. ; Mind
otinain ne verc Bcribereni, Cic; ne vivam, *i
sci", may I die if I know, Cic D. 1, with
compare, not: ut hoc desideriutn ne plus sit
rrnnnum, Cic. ; 2, in concessive and restrictive
clauses, sjnt snijc |ibera|es ex socjoruni fortivnte,
sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illis san-
guinem nostram largiantur, only let them not
lavish our blood, Ball. II. Conj. = that not.
A. to express purpose ; gallinae pennis fovent
pullos, ne frigore laedantur, Cic. ; ne multa
dicani, in short, Cic B. to express consequence ;
hoc to rogo ne demittas animum, Cic C. 1,
ut ne, that not ; quam plurimis de rebus ad ine
velini scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorein, Cic ;
2, ne non, that not; timeo ne non inipetrcin,
Cic.
3. ne, interrog. and enclitic particle. I. In
simple questions ; 1, in direct questions, mitto
alios; etiamne nobis expedit? Cic; 2, in in-
direct questions, ut videamus, satisne ista sit
defectio, Cic. II. In compound questions ; 1,
in direct questions, satisne ergo pudori con-
sulat, si quis sine teste libidini pareat, an est
aliquid per se ipsum flagitiosum? Cic; 2, in
indirect questions, nescio gratulerne tibi an
timeam, Cic.
Ncapolis -polis, ace -polim, f. (Nea7roAis).
I. a part of Syracuse. II. a sea-port in Cam-
pania, now Naples. Adj., Neapolitanus -a
-um, Neapolitan.
nebula -ae, f. {ve^i\r\). I. Lit., 1, exhala-
tion, fog, mist; matutina, Liv.; 2, poet., cloud,
Hor.; jiulveris, a cloud of dust, Lucr. ; 3, smoke,
Ov. II. Transf., anything soft and transparent;
vellera nebulas aequautia tactu, Ov.
nebulo -onis, m. (nebula), a good-for-nothing
fellow, idle rascal, worthless wretch, Cic.
nebulosus -a -um (nebula), misty, foggy,
cloiuly, dark; nebulosuni et caliginosum caelum,
Cic.
nec and neque, negative particles. I. A.
and not; quia non viderunt nec sciunt, Cic;
neque vero, and indeed not, Cic. ; nec tanien,
and yet not, Cic. ; neque etiam, and indeed not,
Cic; nec enim, neque enim, for not, Cic; neque
non, and; necnon, and also, and indeed, Cic.
B. 1, and also not ; Stoicum est nec admodum
credibile, Cic. ; 2, and indeed not ; nuntii nobis
tristes nec varii venerunt, Cic. ; 3, and yet not;
conscripsi epistolam noctu ; nec ille ad me
rediit, Cic. II. Joined with other pai tides;
1, nec . . . nec, or neque . . . neque, neither
. . . nor; 2, neque . . . el, not only not . . .
but also ; nec miror et gaudeo, Cic
nccdum, adv. and not yet, Cic.
necessarie, adv. (necessarius), necessarily,
unavoidably, Cic.
nccessarid, adv. (necessarius), necessarily,
unavoidably, Cic.
necessarius -a -um (necesse), necessary,
unavoidable, inevitable. I. Adj., lex, Cic; mors,
Cic. ; res, necessity, Caes. ; omnia quae sint ad
viveudum necessaria, Cic; quod mill] maxime
nccessarium, Cic; neccssarium est, with infill, ;
senatoii nccessarium est, nosse rempublicam,
it is necessary, indispensable, Cic. II. Transf..
closely connected or related ; esp., subst., neccs
sarins -ii, m., -a -ae, f., an intimate friend,
connexion, near relation; mens familiaris BC
necessarius, Cic.
necesse, adj. n. (ne and eedo), found only
in connexion with esse and habere, necessary,
fated, unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable ;
nihil lit, quod necesse non fnerit, Cic. ; homiiii
necesse est niori, Cic. ; necesse habere, to con-
siilcr necessary, be, obliged; eo minus hubco ne-
cesse Bcriborc, Cic.
necessitas -atis, f, (necesse). I. Lit., A.
nccessltati parere, Cic; necessitatem alicui lm-
]>onerc alicuins rei or aliquid faciendi. Cic. P.
1, a, that which is inevitable, fate; mors est
npoessj^s nqtnrae, Cic; b s vr.nt x •»«■<'; po\rrt;i-
nee
Tac; 2, plur., necessitates, necessaries, necessary
expenses, Cues. II. Transf., intimate connexion,
friendship, relationship ; si nostram necessitate!!!
farailiaritatemqne violasset, Cic.
necessitudo -inis, f. (neeesse), necessity, in-
f.vitablenesn. I. Lit., puto lianc esse necessit-
udinem, cni nulla vi resisti potest, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, of tilings, close connexion; rerum,
Cic. ; 2, cfose connexion or relationship, intimate
friendship; liberorum necessitudo, Cic; sunt
mild rum illo omnes amicitiae necessitudines,
Cic. ; familiaritatis et necessitudinis oblitus,
Cic; 3, plur., intimate friends, near relations,
Suet
ne cessum and necessus est = neeesse est,
it is necessary; -with in tin., Li v. ; or ace and
infin., Liv.
necne, or not. I. Generally in the second
half of indirect questions, sintne dii necne,
Cic. II. More rarely in direct questions, sunt,
hnee tua verba necne? Cic.
neenon (neqne non), v. nee.
neco, 1. (uex), to kill, slay (usually l>y hunger,
prison, etc., rather than by a weapon); plebem
tame, Cic; aliquem igni, C'aes. ; aliquein ver-
beribus, Cic.
necopinans -autis, not expecting, unaware;
aliquem necopinantem liberare, Cic.
necopinato, adv. (necopinatus), unex-
pectedly; si necopinato quid evenerit, Cic.
necopinatus -a-um, unexpected; bona, Cic. ;
ex necopinato, unexpected/!/, Liv.
necopinus -a -mm, 1, pass., unexpected;
mors, Ov. ; 2, act., not expecting, careless,
Phaedr.
nectar -Sris, n. (vixTap). I. nectar, the drink
of the. gods, Cic. II. Applied to anything very
sweet or pleasant ; honey, Verg. ; milk, Ov.
nectareus -a -n m (rc/c-rapeo?), snvet as nectar ;
aqua, ( >v.
necto, nexui ami nexi, nexum, 3. I. Lit.,
A. to tie, hind, fasten, connect, weave or fasten
together; catenas, eoronam, Ilor. ; coniam myrto,
Ov. B. to bind, fetter, enslave, especially for
debt ; nexus, a person enslaved in consequence of
debt, Liv. ; eo anno plebi Bomanae velut aliud
initinm libertatis factum est, quod necti desie-
runt, Liv. II. Transf., A. to affix, attach; ex
hoc genere cansarum ex aeternitate pendentium
fatum a Stoicis nectitur, Cic. B. to connect;
omnes virtutes inter se nexae et .iugatae sunt,
Cic. ; dolum, to plot, Liv. ; causas inanes, bring
forward, Verg. ; numeris verba, Ov.
ncciibi, adv. lest anywliere, that nowhere,
Caes.
necunde, adv. lest from any quarter, that
from no direction, Liv.
nedum, adv. (lit. while not), 1, much less,
st til, less, to say nothing of; foil, by snbj.,
nptimis temporibus nee V. Popillius nee Q.
Metetlua vim tribuniciam sustinere potuerunt,
nedum his temporibus sine vestra sapientia
salvi esse possimus, much less at present, Cie. ;
with ut and the subj., ne voce quidem jncom-
inodi, nedum ut ulla vis fieret, Liv. ; 2, much
more: coiisules bellicosi qui vel in pace tran-
quilla helium excitare possent, nedum in bcllo
respirarc civitatem forent passuri, lav.
nefandus -a -um (ne and fari), not to he
spoken of, impious, execrable, abominable; scelus,
Cic; neut. subst., dii memores fandi atque
nefamli, of right and wrong, Verg.
nefarie, adv. (nefarius), impiously, abomin-
ably, execrably; aliquid nefarie facere or com-
mit tore, Cic.
12 #
30 J.
neg
nefarius -a -um (nefas), impious abominable,
execrable, nefarious; homo, Cic. ; bclluni, Cic;
subst., a, nefarius -ii, m. a wicked person,
Cic; b, nefarium -It, n. an abominable, exe-
crable action, Liv.
nefas, u. indeel., that which is sinful, contrary
to divine command, unlawful, 'wrong, an impious
deed, a sin, crime ; 1, quirquid non licet, nefas
putare debemus, Cic; Mercurius, quern Aegyptii
nefas habent nominare, Cic. ; per fas et nefas,
by fair means or foul, Liv. ; in omne nefas se
parare, Ov. ; nefas est, Ii is a sin ; with infin.,
indicare in vulgua nefas (est), Cic; sometimes
used as an interjection, shocking, dreadful! heu
nefas! Hor. ; 2, a horrible thing; exstinxisse
nefas laudabor (Helen as the cause of the ruin
of Troy), Verg.
nefastUS -a -um, forbidden, unholy. I. Of
time, a, religious t. t., dies nefasti, on which no
legal or public business could be transacted, Liv. ;
b, unlucky, inauspicious; ille et nefasto te
posuit dii!, Hor.; ne qua terra sit nefasta
Victoria* suae, Liv. II. Of action, forbidden,
sinjiil ; a, as religious t. t., quae augur injusta,
nefasta delixerit, Cic; b, transf., quid intactum
nefasti liquimus? Hor.
negantia -ac, f. (nego), a denying, Cic.
negatlo -dnis, f. (nego), a denying; negatio
inlitiatioque facti, Cic.
negito, 1. (in tens, of nego), to deny frequently,
persist in denying; quam nuiltos annos esse
negitavisset, Cic
neglectio -onis, f. (negligo), neglect; amic-
orum, Cie.
1. neglectus -a -um, p. adj. (from negligo),
neglected, disregarded; quum inter nos abjecti
neglectique sinius, Cic
2. neglectus -us, m. (negligo), a neglecting,
■neglect, disregard, Ter.
negleg ... v. neglig . . .
negligens -entis, p. adj. (from negligo), 1,
negligent, careless, indifferent, unconcerned ; in
amieis eligendis, Cie. ;' with genit, amicoruni,
Cic; 2, esp. in regard to property, careless,
prodigal, extravagant ; adolescentia negligens
luxuriosaque, Liv.
negligenter, adv. (negligens), carelessly,
unconcernedly, negligently ; scribere, Cic.
negligentia -ae, f. (negligens). I. care-
lessness, negligence ; in accusando, Cic; accusare
aliquem de literarum negligentia, of omitting to
write a letter, Cic. II. neglect sliown towards
2iersons; deilm, Liv.
negligo (ncglego, neclego) -lexi lectuin,
3. (nee and lego), to neglect, disregard. I. Un-
intentionally ; mandatum, Cic; with de and the
abl., de Theopompo, summo homine, neglex-
imus, Cic; with infin., obire diem edicti, Cic.
II. Intentionally, 1, to make light of, despise,
pay no heed to; periculum fortunurum et capitis
sui, Cic; 2, to overlook, pass over; injurias Aedu-
orum, Caes.
nego, 1. (perhaps from ne and aio). I.
In transit, to say no (opp. aio, to say yes); Dio-
genes ait, Antipater negat, Cic. ;' with dat.,
saepius idem roganti, Cic. II. Transf., A. ta
deny, to maintain or assert that a thing is not;
crimen, Cic; with ace. and Infin., Stoici negant,
quicquain esse boimm nisi quod honestum sit,
Cic ; pass., with nom. and infin., ibi vis facta
(esse) negabitur, Cic. ; non negare (foil, by quin
and the subj.), negare non posse quin rectius sit
exei<citum mitti, Liv. B. to deny a request, to re-
fuse; nunquam reo cuiquam tarn praecise negavi,
quain hie mini, Cic ; of inanimate ohjects,
poma negat regio, refuses to produce apples, Ov.
neg
302
neq
negotialis -o (negotiant), o/or Muting to
business, Cic.
negotlans -antia, in. (partic of negotior as
subst.), c wholesale dealer, merchant, banker,C\c.
negotiatio -Onis, f. (negotior), wholesale
business, extensive trade, "bankers' business; re-
liquiae negotiationis vestvae, Cie.
negotiator -oris, m. (negotior), a large
wholesale denier, extensive merchant, banker, Cie.
negotiolum -i, n. (dim. of negotiant), a
small transaction, little business; tna negotiola
Epliesi curae mihi fuerunt, Cie.
negotior, 1. dep. (negotium). I. to carry on-
business, especially on a large scale, as e.g., a
banker; Patris, at Patrac, Cic. It. to trade,
Liv
negotiosus -a -um (negotium), full of busi-
ness, busy; provincia, Cic; homo, Sail.; dips,
working days, Tae.
negotium -li, n, (nee and otium), absence of
leisure, business, occupation, employ/unit. I.
satis negotii halmi in sanandis vulneribus, Cie. ;
neqne esse quidqnam negotii (any difficulty)
banc sub sarcinis adoriri, C'aes. ; negotiant alicui
exhibere or facere, to cause trouble to « person,
Cie... II. Transf., A. some single, employment or
occupation ; 1, negotia privata, doinostica, Cic. ;
negotium snscipere, Cic; oonficere, Cat's.; 2,
a, public business ; negotia forensia, Cic. ; b, of
a battle, nfi'i'tr; t'acies negotii, Sail.; c, money-
transactions; habere negotia Vetera in Sicilia,
<'ie. ; d, management of a household ; negotium
male gerere, Cie. B. Meton., of men, Callis-
thenis quideni vnlgarc et notuin negotium, Cic
Neleus -ei, in. (NrjAev's), a mythical king of
Pylos, father of Nestor : hence, 1, adj., Neleius
-a -um, and 2, Neleus -a -um, of or relating to
Neleus or Nestor: 3, subst., Nehdes -ae, in.
a male descendant of Neleus, Nestor, Ov.
Nemea -ae, f. (Nepea), and Nemee -est, f.
(Ne;ifT)), a city of Argolis, near which IFercides
killed the Nemea n lion, and founded the Nemenu
games. Hence, 1, adj., Nemcaeus -a -um,
Nemean; lco, Ov.; 2, subst., Nemea -6rum, n.
the Nemean names, Liv.
Nemesis -sSos, f. (Ne>eiris), the goddess of
justice and equity who punished pride and arro-
gance, also called Adrastea and Rhumuusin.
Nemetes -um, a people in Gallia Belgica.
nemo -Inis c. (for ncbemo, from ne and
hemo = liomo), no man, no one, nobody. I.
Subst., nemo omnium ninrtalium, Cic; nemo
unu.S, Cic. ; nemo alius, no one rise, Cie. ; nemo
nee deus nee homo, vo god or mortal, Cic. ; nemo
fst quin (with BUbj.), there U no one who does
'not, etc., Cie.; nemo non, every one, Cie.; non
io, many a one, Cie. II. Adj. = no; homo,
Cie. ;-civia Cie.; Romanus, Jjiv. (of the oblique
eases only nemini and neminein arc usually
found).
nemoralis -e (nemus), o/or relating to woods
or groves, sylvan : umbrae, antrum, Ov.
nemorensis -e (nemus), belonging to a grove
or wood : esp., o/or relating to the grove of Diana
at Aricia, Suet.
nemoricultrix -icis, f. (nemus and eultrix),
oh inhabitant of the woods, Fliaedr.
. nemorivagus -a -uin (nemus and vagus),
wandering in the woods, Cat.
nemdrosus -a -um (nemus), 1, woody, full
of grores ; Zacyntbos, Verg. ; 2, thickly leaved,
full of foliage ; silvae, Ov.
nempe, Conj. (from nam and demonstrative
FUlf. -pe), forsooth, truly, certainly, to he sure,
namely; nempe incomposito dixi pede enrrere
versus Lucili, Hor. ; si dat tautam pecllhiam
Flacco, nempe idcirco dat, ut rata sit Cinptio, of
course, Cic. ; nempe negas?Cic.
nemus -oris, n. (re'/jos), " wood with glades
and pasture land for cattle, grove, forest ; 1, agri
e.t nemora, Cic; 2, esp., the grove at Aricia
sacred to Diana, Cie.
nenia (naenia) -ae, f. a funeral sung, dirge;
1, lit., Cic; 2, any mournful song, Hor.; 3,
a song of incantation, an incantation, Hor. ; 4,
a. popular song, nursery sona, lullaby, Hor.
(nenia (abl.), dissyll., Ov." Fast! 0. 142.).
nco, nfvi, nStum, 2. (via). I. to spin ;
stamina, fila, esp. of the Parcae, Ov. II, to
weave, •iw/enaare/'tunicara qnam molli neverat
auro, Verg. (syncop. pert"., nerunt, Ov.).
Neocles -is and -i, m. (Neo/v-A.%), father oj
Themistocles. Hence, Neoclides -ne, m. son eg
Neocles, i.e., Themistocles.
nepa -ae, f. 1, a scorpion, Cic; the constel-
lation so called, Cic. poet. ; 2, the crab, Plant. ; the
constellation so called, Cic. poet.
Nepete -is, n. a town of Ktruria, now Kepi.
Hence, adj. Nepetinus -a -um, of or reluting
to NcjH u .
Nephele -es, f. (Ne^eArj), wife of Athamas,
mother of Phrixus and Uelle. Hence, Nephe-
leis -eldos, f. a daughter of Nephele, Ilelle, Ov.
1. nepos -Otis, m. and f. a grandchild. I.
A. Lit., Q. Pompeii ex lilia nepos, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, a brother's or sister's child, nephew,
.Suet. ; 2, a descendant, Very., Hor. II. Meton.,
aspendthrift, prodigal ("pp. patruus), Cie.
2. Nepos -potis, in., C. Cornelius, a Roman
historian, friend of Alliens, Cicero, and Catullus,
liring probably between '.'4 and 24 a. v., of whose
works a part of the book He viris illustribus is
extant.
nepotulus -i, m. (dim. of nepos), a little
grant/son, Plant.
neptis -is, f. (nepos), a grand-daughter, Cic;
neptis Veneris, Ina, Ov. ; doetae neptes, the
Muses, Ov.
Neptunine -es, f. a daughter or grand-
daughter of Neptune, Cat.
NeptUllUS -i, in. Neptune, god. of the se/t,
brother of Jupiter, husband of Amphitrile, iden-
tified with the Greek Poseidon ; meton., the sea,
Verg. ; hence, adj., Neptunlus -a -um, Nep-
tunian; Troja, built by Neptune, Verg. ; heros,
Theseus, Ov. ; dux, Sexi. Pompeius, Hor. ; aquae,
a well at Tarracina, Liv.
nequam, adj. indeel., compar. nequior,
Bnperl. nequissimus (for ne-aequum, from
aequus), worthies*, good for 'nothing, useless,
bad, wicked ; quid est nequins effeminato viro ?
Cic. ; liberti nequam ct. improbi, Cic.
nequaquam, adv. by no means, in no wise,
Cic,
neque = nee (q.v.).
nequedum (necdum), adv. and not yet,
Cic^,
nequeo -Ivi and -Ti -Itum, 4. to be unable;
rictam aetatem niemiiiissenequimus, Lucr. ; cum
Demosthenes rho dicere nequiret, Cic. ; pass.,
quicquid sine sanguine civium nleisci nequitur,
jure (actum sit, Sail, (imperf., nequibat, Sail. ;
partic, nequiens, Sail.).
nequiquam (ncquicquam, nequid-
quam), adv. (ne and abl. quiquam), in vain,
fruitlessly, to no purpose; et sero etnequidquam
pudet, Cic. ; aliening auxiliura implorare, Cncs.
nequitcr, adv. (nequam), worthlessly, wretch'-
edly, badly, miserably; ille porro male, prave,
nequiter, turpiter coenabat, Cic.
neq
363
nie
nequitia -ae, f. ami nequities -ei, f. (nc-
quam), 1, worthlessness, laziness, idleness, in-
activity; inertissimi homines nescio qua singu-
lari nequitia praediti, Cic. ; 2, extravagance,
prodigality, Cic ; 3, wantonness, profligacy; uxor
pauperis Ibyci, tandem iiequftiae pone mod um
tuae, Hor.; 4, wickedness, villainy, Cic.
Neretum -i, n. a town in Calabria, now
Nardo.
Nereus -8oa and -fii, m. (Nijpcu's), a sea-god,
son ofOceamts and Tethys, father, by Doris, of the
Nereids; rneton., the sea, Tib.; hence, 1,
Nereis -Wis, f. a daughter of Kerens, a Nereid,
Ov. ; 2,_ Nerine -es, f. o Nereid, Verg. ; 3,
adj., Nereius -a -um, of or belonging to Nereus;
genitrix, Thetis, mother of Achilles, Ov.; nepos,
Achilles, Ov.
Neritus (-os) -i, m. (NijpiTo«), a moun-
tain of Ithaca, also the name of a small island
near Ithaca ; hence, Neritlus -a -um, Neritian ;
ratis, tlie ship of Ulysses, Ov.; dux, Ulysses, Ov.
Nero -onis, m. a family name of the gens
Claudia, the mast celebrated of which were:
1, C. Claudius Nero, consul 207 b.u., wlu>- de-
feated llasdmbal at the battle of the Metaurus;
2, C. Claudius Nero, the fifth Roman emperor
("j4-0Sa.d.). Hence, adj., 1, Neroneus-a-um,
and 2, Neronianus -a -um, Neronian.
Nersac -arum, f. a town in Italy, probably in
I/ltiUM:
Nerulum -i, n. a fortified place in Ivmnia.
Nervii -ornm, m. re warlike people, in the
north of Gallia Bel-gicu. Hence, adj., Nervicus
-a -um, Nervian.
I nervose, adv. (nervosus), strongly, rigor-
ously, energetically; nervosius dicere, Cic.
nervosus -a -um (nevvis), sinewy, nervous.
1. Lit., poples, Ov. II. Fig., of discourse,
vigormis, nervous in, style; qnis Aristotele ner-
vosior? Cic.
nervulus -i, m. (dim. of nervna), nerve,
strength; in plur., nervulos adhiberc, Cic.
nervus -i, m. (veiipoy), a sinew, tendon, nerve ;
gen. plur., nervi, the sinews, nerves. I. A. Lit.,
nervi a quibus artna continentur, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, the string of a musical instrument ;
quotidiano cantu vocum et nervorum ettibiarum
tota vicinitas personat, Cic; 2, a bowstring;
nervo aptare sagittas, Verg. ; 3, the leather
with which shields are covered, Tac. ; 4, a strap
or thong with which the limbs are bound, bonds,
fetters, and hence, prison, imprisonment ; in
nervis teneri, Liv. II. Fig., A. 1, nerve,
strength, vigour, effort; in quo omnes nervos
aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. ;
2, esp., of discourse, rigour, energy; nervi
oratorii, Cic. B. the chief strength ; nervi belli
pecunia, money the sineivs of war, Cic. ; nervi
conjurationis, Liv.
nescio -iviand -ii -Itnm, 4. not to know, to be
ignorant of. I. Gen., de Oropo opinor, sed
certmn nescio, I do not certainly know, Cic;
with rel. sent., nescis quanta cum exspectatione
aim te audituros, Cic ; quid nobis agendum sit,
nescio, Cic. ; nescio qui, quae, quod (interrog.),
nescio quis, quid, / know not who or what, some-
body or something; casu nescio quod, Cic; in
oppidum, nescio quod, Cic. ; nescio quid ex-
sculpserunt, Cic; nescio qnomodo, I know not
how, somehow or other, Cic II. Esp., A. not to
know or recognise a person or thing ; non nescire
hiemem, Verg. B. not to understand anything,
to be unabhio do anything, not to have learnt;
non tarn pracolarum est scire Latine quani turpa
nescire, Cic; Stoici omnino irasci nesciunt, Cic.
nescius -a -um (ne and sciu). I. Act., A.
not knowing, ignorant, unaware, unconscious ;
nescia mens hominum fati sortisqtte futurae,
Verg. ; non sum nescius, ista inter Graecos dici,
Cic. B. 'not knowing how to do anything, unable
to do anything; pueri fari nescii, Hor. ; cedere
nescius, Hor. II. Pass., unl.uown ; nes.ia
tributa, Tar'. ; causa, Ov.
NesiS -idis, f. ail island in the CrulfofPutfolt,
now Nisita.
Nessus -i, m. (NVcro-os). I. a river in Thrace.
II. a Centaur killed by Hercules with a poisoned
arrow.
Nestor -Sris, m. (NVa-rwp), son of Nelev.S,
king of Pylus, the oldest and most experienced of
the Greek.heroes before Troy.
Netum -i, n. n town of Sicily, south-west of
Syracuse.
neu = neve (q.v.).
neuter -tra -trum (ne and liter), neither of
two. I. Lit., quid bOUUUl sit, quid malum, quid
lieutrum, Cic; nentram in partem moveri, Cic;
neuter consilium, Liv. II. in grammar, nomiwi
neutra, or simply ueutra, neuter nouns, Cic.
neutiquam, adv. by no means, not at all;
monebas de Q. Cicerone ut emu quidem neuti-
quam relinquerem, Cic.
neutrd, adv. (neuter), in neither direction, to-
wards neither side; neulro inclinata res, spes,
Liv.
neutrufol, adv. (neuter ami ubi), in neither
place, Want.
•neve or neu, adv. and not', or not, nar
(follows ut or ne) ; rogo te, ne contrahas, neve
sinas, Cic; cohortatus est, uti suae prislinae
virtutis meinoriam retinerpnt, neu perturbar-
entiur aninio, Caes. ; sometimes follows the subj.
only, hie ames dici pater atque princeps, neu
sinas Medos cquit.ue inultos, Hor. ; sometimes
repeated, neither . . . nor; ut id neve in hoc,
neve, in alio requiras, Cic.
ncvis, nevult = nonvis, nonvult, v. nolo
nex, necis, f. (et. Gr. veicvs). I. violent death,
murder; necem sibi consciscere, to commit
suicide, Cic; vitae necisque potestatem habere
in aliqucm, Caes. ; nlicui necem inferre or
otferre, Cic. II. Meton., blood of the person,
slain; manus nece Phrygia imbutae, Ov.
nexilis -e (necto), tied together, bound to-
gether ; sinus, Ov.
nexo, 1. (iutens. of necto), to tie together, bind
together, Lucr.
nexum -i, n. (necto), a formal transaction
between debtor and creditor, by which the debtor
pledged his liberty as security for his debt, Liv.;
meton., the. obligation created by nexum, Cic. ;
quiiiii sunt, propter unius libidinem, omnia nexa
civrum liberate neetierque postea desitum, Cic
nexus -us, m. (necto). I. a binding, tying
together, entwining, connecting ; atomorum, Cic ;
serpens, baculuni qui nexibus ambit, Ov. II.
Fig., A. legis nexus, Tac B. the relation or
obligation arising from nexum ; nexu vincti, Liv.;
se nexu obligare, Cic
ni, adv. and conj. I.= no in sentences with
the subj., ni teneant cursus, Verg. ; hence, quid
ni? ivhy not? Cic. . II.= si non, if not, except,
unless; moriar, ni puto, I wish I may die if I
don't think, Cic. ; plures cecidissent, ni nox
praelio intervenisset, Liv.; excidium minitans,
ni causam suam dissociarent, Tac.
Nieaea -ae, f. (NiVaia). I. a town in Bi-
thynia, now Isnik. II. a town in Locris, not
far from Thermopylae.
nicaeus -a -um (i'ikoios, victorious), epithet
of Jupiter
Nic
36
Nio
Nicander -tin', in. csixavSpoi), poet, grunt-
nw.rian, ami physician of Colophon.
nicator -Oris, ace. plur. -5ms, m. (viKdnap),
the conqueror; soldier of a body-guard of Perseus,
king of Macedonia.
Niccphorium (on) -li, n. (Nucn$oplov),
I, r grow near Pergamum; 2, «■ tmen in Mrso-
potamia.
NlCephoriUS -ii, m. a river in Armenia.
niootcrium -II, n. (mo;n)pioi), the reward of
victory, prize, Juv.
Nicomedes -is, n. (Nikoji>)£i)s), 'name of
several lings of Bithynia.
Nicopdlis, ace. Am, f. (Nixon-oAts), a town in
Aearnania, founded by Augustus to commemorate
his victory at Actium.
niGto, 1. and nlotor, 1. dep. (*nieo, to
beckon), 1, to more the eyelid up arid down, to
wink, Plin. ; 2, to wink with the eye, as a
signal ; alicui, Plant.
niotus -lis, in. (* nico), a winking with the
eye, Ov. (?)
indumentum -i, II. (nidus), the materials of
a nest, Phiut.
mdifico, 1. (nidus and facio), to build a nest,
Plin.
nidor -Oris, m. (connected with kvItco), a
vapour, odour, steam arising from anything which
is cooked ; gauearum, Cic.
nidulus -i, m. (dim. nf nidus), a little nest;
Itliaca ilia in nsperrimis saxulis tamquam
nidulus nttixa, Cie. "
nidus -i. m. a nest. I. 1, lit., eflhigerp et
const ittu-rr. nidos, Cic.; nidum tignis suspendit
hirundo, Verg. ; tig., me niajores pennas nido
extendisse, to raise oneself above, the. condition in
which one is liorn, Uor. ; 2, metou., the young
birds in the nest, nestling*; nidi loquaces, Verg.
II. Transf., a direlliiig on a height; eelsae
Achermitine, Hor.
niger -gw -grnm, black, dark-coloured. I.
A. 1-it., hederae, Verg. J sllvae, Hor.; eocluin
pice nigrius, Ov. ; subst., nigrum -i, n. a
clack spot, Ov. B. Meton., making black, black-
ening ; Anster, Verg. II. Transf., 1, of or
relating to death; ignes, the funeral pile, Hor.;
dies, the day of death, Prop. ; 2, a, unlucky, un-
propitious; b, of character, black = wicked, Cic.
nigrans -nntis, p. adj. (from nigro), black,
dark-coloured, Verg.
nigresoo -grni, n. (* nigreo), to become black,
grow dark in colour, grow dark; tenebris ni-
gresennt omnia cireum, Verg.
nigro, 1. (niger), to be black, Lncr.
nigror -oris, in. (niger), blackness; mortis,
Liter.
nihil and contr. nil, n. indecl. nothing.
I. Subst., A. nothing; nihil agere, Cic..; with
genit. of subst. or neut. nd,j., nihil rerum huuian-
aniin, Cie.; nihil niali, Cie.; nihil estcur, qnaino-
brem, quod, there is no reason why ; nihil est cur
gestias, Cic. ; nihil ad rem, it has nothing to do
with the business, Cic; nihil non, everything;
nihil mail non inest, Cic. ; non nihil, something,
Cic. ; nihil nisi, nothing but, Cic. ; nihil aliud
nisi, nothing else, but, Cic. ; nihil . . . quin, e.g.,
nihil agis quin ego audiani, you do nothing that
I do not hear of, Cie. B. a nothing ; nihil esse,
to he. good fir nothing, Cic.; aliquem nihil putare,
to think nothing of, Cie. II. Adj. in the phrases,
nihil quidquam, nihil unuin, Cic. III. Adv.,
not at all, in nothing; de fratre nihil ego te
accusavi, Cic. ; Thebani nihil moti sunt, Liv.
I nlhildum, conj. nothing as yet, Cic.
nihilominus, v. nihilum.
nlhllum -i, n. (nihil), nothing. I. Subst.
ex niliilo oriatur, Cic; ad nihilum venire oi
reddens, Cic. ; pro niliilo est, it is as good, us
nothing, Cie. ; nihili, the genit. of price ; facere,
aestimare, to think nothing of, Cic.; «le niliilo,
without ground or reason, Liv.; abl., niliilo,
with eompar., by nothing, iio; nlhilo benevol-
entior, Cic. ; niliilo magis, Cie.; nihilominus =
no less, nevertheless, ■notwithstanding ; nihilo-
rninus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi eaquidam
perverse abutuntur, Cic. II, Adv., in nn way,
Hor., Liv.
nil = nihil (q.v.).
nllum = nihiliun (q.v.).
NllUS -i, m. (NeiAos), the river Nile ; hence,
1, adj., NillaCUS -a -inn, belonging to the Nile;
fera, a crocodile., Mart.; modi, Egyptian, Ov. ;
2, Niligena -ae, ra. (Nilus and' gigno), one
bom on the Nile, an Egyptian ; 3, transf. = «
canal, aqueduct, Cie.
nimbatus -a -nm (nimbus), shrouded in
cloud or mist, Plant.
nimbifer -fera -ferum (nimbus and fero),
storm-bringing, stormy, Ov.
nimbosus -a -um (nimbus), rainy, stormy;
ventus, Ov.
nimbus -i, m. (connected with nubo). I. a
storm of rain, violent shower of rain; 1, lit.,
nimbus effusus, Liv. ; 2, transf., ferreus, shower
of missiles, Verg. II. a storm ; 1, lit., a, Cic. ;
b, a storm-wind; toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi,
Verg.; 2, lig., hunc quidem nimbuni eito trans-
isse laetor, Cic. III. a cloud; 1, <i black rain-
cloud ; invoivere diem nimbi, Verg.; 2, a cloud,
mist, Liv., Verg.; 3, transf., a, fulvae nimbus
arenae, Verg.; b, of a large number of persons
or things, a cloud ; pcdituin, Verg.
nimio, v. nimius.
nimirum, adv. (ni=ne and minim), un-
doubtedly, doubtless, truly, certainly; niniirum
Themistoeles est auctor adhihendus, Cie. ; often
ironically, doubtless, Jorsooth ; uni nimiruni tihi
recte semper erunt res, Hor.
nimis, adv. too much, overmuch, excessively :
valde, snepe, Cie.; foil, by genit., insidiariuu,
Cic; non nimis, not particularly, not very much ;
praesidium non nimis Annum, Cic.
nimium, v. nimius.
nimius -a -um (nimis), too great, too much,
excessive. I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of things,
celeritas, Cic; b, of persons, intemperate, im-
moderate; nimius in lionoribus decernendis,
Cic; with genit., imperii, Liv. ; -2, too powvr-
ful, too great; (legio) consularibus nimia, Tac
B. Transf., very large, excessively large ; nimium
quantum, to an extraordinary degree ; sales in
dicendo nimium quantum valent, Cie. II.
Subst., excess, too much ; nimium dixisse, Cic ;
nimium hostium, Liv. III. Adv., A. nimio, by
far, very much, exceedingly : esp. with eompar.,
Albi, ne doleas plus nimio, Hor. B. nimium,
too, too much; nimium din, too long, Cic.; non
nimium, not particularly, Cic.
ningo (ningiio), ninxi, 3. (nix), tn snow;
1, usually impcrs., ningit, it snows, Verg.; 2,
transf., ningunt floribns rosarum, Lucr.
ninguis -is, f. snow, Lucr.
Ninus -i, (Ni'i-o;). I. m. king of Assyria,
husband of Semiramis. II. f. Nineveh, the
capital of Assyria.
Niobe -es, f. and Nioba -ae, f. (Nio£t)),
daughter of Tantalus, wife of Amphion. Hence,
adj., Niobeus -a -um, of Niobe.
Nip
365
nob
Niphates -ae, m. (Nt^an}?, the snow-moun-
tain), a mountain of the Taurus range in Ar-
menia.
Nireus, ace. NirSa, m. (Nipeiis), son of
Charopus, next to Achilles the most beautiful of all
the Greek heroes at the siege of Troy.
NIsaeus, Niseis, Niseius, v. i. Nisus.
nisi, conj. (for ni-si). I. if not ; quod nisi
esset, certe postea non discessisset, Cic. II. A.
After negatives and questions, except, unless; hoc
sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiaui non posse, Cic. ;
Labienns juravit se, nisi victorem, in castranon
reversuiuin, Cic. ; after nihil aliud, quid aliud,
etc., nisi — than, but; erat historia nihil aliud
nisi annalium eonfectio, Cic. B. nisi si, except
if, except in case that; nisi si qui ad me plura
scripsit, Cic; nisi quod, except that; praedia me
valde delectant, nisi quod ilium aere alieno
obruerunt, Cic.
Nfsibis, ace. -in, f. (Ni'<rij3ts), capital of the
province of Mygdonia in Mesopotamia.
1. NlSUS -i, m. I. king in Mcgara, father of
Scylla, changed into a sparrow-hawk. Hence, adj.,
A. Nisaeus -a -urn, of Nisus; canes (of Scylla,
the daughter of Phorcus, confused with Scylla,
daughter of Nisus), Ov. B. Nislas -adis, f.
= Megarian, Ov. C. Niseis -idis, f. Scylla,
daughter of Nisus. D. Niseius -a -um, of or
relating to Nisus; virgo, Scylla, Ov. II. the
friend of Euryalns (in Vergil's Aeneid).
2. nisus (nixus) -us, in. (1. niter). I. a
step, tread; stat gravis Entellus nisuque im-
motus eodem, in the same posture, Verg. II. 1,
an ascent; nisus per saxa, Sail.; 2, flight, Verg.;
3, the course of the stars, Cic. ; 4, the pains of
labour, a giving birth, Cic.
3. nisus -a -um, v. 1. nitor.
nitedula -ae, f. a field-mouse, shrew-mouse,
Cic.
nitella = nitedula (q.v.).
1. nitens -entis, p. adj. (from niteo). I. 1,
shinhig, bright, glittering; lacrimis oculos suffusa
nitentes, Verg. ; 2, of animals, taurus, sleek,
Verg. ; 3. of men, bright, beautifxd, Cat. ; 4, of
plants, blooming ; niteutiaculta, Verg. II. Fig.;
brilliant; oratio, Cic.
2. nitens -cutis, partic. of nitor.
niteo -iii, 2. (nix), to shine, glitter, be bright.
I. A. Lit., luna nitet, Lucr. ; qui niteht un-
giientis, fulgent purpura, Cic. B. Fig., to be
brilliant ; illorum vides quam niteat oratio, Cic.
II. Transf., 1, of men and animals, to be sleek,
appear in good condition, look bright or beautiful,
Hor. ; 2, of things, to abound, to flourish;
vectigal in pace niteat, Cic.
nltesco, 3. (niteo), to begin to shine, to be
bright. I. .inventus nudatos humeros oleo per-
fusa nitescit, Verg. II. Of animals, to be sleek,
in good condition, Pliu.
nitide, adv. (nitidus), brilliantly, splendidly;
cenaro, Plaut.
nitidiusciile, adv. (uitidiusculus), some-
what splendidly, with moderate brilliance, Plaut.
nitldiusculus -a -um (dim. of compar.
nitidior), somewhat splendid, somewhat brilliant,
Plaut. '
nitldUS -a -um (niteo), bright, brilliant,
shmvng, glittering. I. A. Lit., ebur, Ov. B.
Tranaf., a, of animals, sleek, fat, in good con-
dition ; vacca, Or. ; b, of men, (a) sleek, healthy-
looking ; me pinguem et nitidum bene curata cute
vises, Hor. ; robur, Liv. ; (0) handsome, spruce,
trim, elegant ; quos pexo capillo nitidos videtis,
Cic. ; ox nitido tit rusticus, Hor. ; o, of fields and
Plants, flourishing, blooming, luxuriant; campi,-|
Cic. II. Fig., elegant, refined, polished, euJ.
tivated; nitidum quoddam genus verborum et
laetum, Cic.
Nitiobriges -uin, m. a Celtic people in Aqui-
tauia.
1. nitor, nisus or nixus sum, 3. dep. to rest,
lean, support oneself upon anything. I. Gen., A.,
Lit., stirpibus BUM, Cic; hastili, Cic; baculo,
Ov.; in hastain, Verg. B. Transf., 1, torestupon,
depend upon ; in te nititur civitatis salus, Cic. ;
2, to confide in, put one's trust in, lean upon;
consilio alicuius, Cic II. A. Lit., 1, to tread,
move ; simul ac primum niti possunt, Cic. ; 2,
to give birth to, bring forth, Ov. ; 3, to make an
effort, Cacs. ; 4, of birds or winged creatures, to
jty, Verg. ; 5 ; to climb, ascend, push up towards a
height; gradibus, Verg. B. Transf,, to strain,
strive, exert oneself, endeavour; tantuin, quantum
potest, quisque nitatur, Cic. ; pro libertate,
Sail. ; ad immortalitatem gloriae, Cic. ; with
ace. and infill., nitamur igitur nihil posse per-
cipi, Cic; with ut or ne and the subj.; Nep.,
Sail.
2. nitor -oris, in. (niteo), brilliance, bright-
ness, splendour. I. Lit, diurnus, daylight,
Ov. ; argenti et auri, Ov. ; elegance, charm,
beauty, Cic ; urit me Glycerae nitor, Hor. II.
Fig., splendour, elegance of style; orationis, Cic;
nitor et cultus descriptionuin, Tac
nitrum -i, n. (virpov), natron, natural soda,
used for washing, ap. Cic.
nivalis -e (nix), of or relating to snow, snowy.
I. A. Lit., dies, Liv. B. Metcu., snow-white ;
equi caur'. ne nivali, Verg. II. covered with snow;
Othrys, Verg.
nivatus -a -um (nix), cooled with snow, iced,
Suet.
1. nive = ni(q.v.).
2. nive = neve (q.v.).
niveus -a -um (nix), of or relating to snow,
snowy. I. Lit, agger, Verg. ; mons, covered with
snow, Cat. II. Meton., white as snow, snowy;
lacerti, Verg. ; lac, Verg.
nivosus -a -um (nix), abounding in mow,
snowy; graudo, Liv.; hieins, Liv.
nix, uivis, f. (* vi\fr, ace. n'^a). I. Lit., snow.,
Cic. H. = grey hair ; nives capitis, Hor.
Nixi dii, three images of gods in a kneeling
position in the Capitol at Rome, invoked as the
deities of child-birth.
nixor, 1. dep. (intens. of nitor), to lean upon,
rest upon, to strive, strain, Lucr., Verg.
1. nixus =2. nisus (q.v.).
2. nixus, v. l. nitor.
no, navi, nare («u), to swim. J. Lit., bestiae
nautes, Cic. ; pro v., nare sine cortice, to be able
to do without a guardian, Hor. II. Trau6f., to
sail, float, flow, fly, Verg., Cat
nobilis -e (nosco), noticeable, well-known. I.
Gen., inimicitiae nobiles inter eos erant, Liv.
II. A. celebrated, renowned, well-known; ex
doctrina, Cic. ; ut arcendis sceleribus exemplum
nobile esset, Liv. ; in a bad sense, infamous,
notorious; nobilis clade Romaua Cau'dina pax,
Liv. B. of noble birth, noble, belonging to a
family some members of which had ■ held curule
magistracies (opp. novus or ignobihs), Cic. ;
nobili genere nati, Cic; homo, Cic. C. excellent,
noble; tres nobilissiml fundi, Cic
nobiHtas -Stis, t. (nobilis). L fame, celeb-
rity, Cic. II. noble birth, nobility ; genere et
nobilitate sui umuicipii facile priinus, Cic f
meton., the aristocrats, the nobility ; Omnis nostra
nobilitas interiit, Caes. III. excellence, worth,
superiority; signa summa nobilitate. Cic.
nob
366
nom
.nobiliter, adv. (nobilis), ejccellcntly, admir-
ably, nobly, Plin.
nobilito, 1. (nobilis), to make known. I.
Gen., rem, Liv. II. to wake famous, renowned;
a, in a good sense, poetae post mortem nobilit-
ari volunt, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, to make in-
famous, notorious; Phalaris, cuius est praetor
ceteros nobilitata crudelitas, Cic.
nocens -eutis, p. adj. (from noceo). I. Gen.,
hurtful, injurious, noxious ; caulcs, Cic. II, Esp.,
culpable, criminal, guilty, wkked ; homo, Cic. ;
subst. nocens, a guUty person, Cic.
noceo -ui -itum, 2. to hurt, injure, harm;
with dat., alteri, Cic. ; with dat. and neut. ace,
nihil iis, Caes. ; with ace. and infin., nocet esse
deuai, Ov. ; pass, impels., ne quid eis noceatur,
Cic.
nficlvus -a -um (noceo), hurtful, injurious,
Phaedr. ;
nootifer -feri, in. (nox and fero), the night-
bringer, i.e., the Evening Star, Cat.
noctiluca -ae, f. (nox and luceo, something
that shines by night), the moon, Hor.
noctivagUS -a -um (nox and vagus), wander-
ing by night; curms (of the moon), Verg.
noctu (another form of nocte), a, abl., hac
noctu, Plaut. ; b, adv. by night, in the night
(opp. iuterdiu, by day), Cic
noctua -ae, f. (*noctuus from nox), the owl,
Verg.
noctuabundus -a -um(*uoctuor from nox),
travelling by night; tabellarius, Cic.
noctuinus -a -um (noctua), of or relating to
the owl, Plaut.
noctumus -a -um (noctu), by night, nightly,
nocturnal; labores diurnos nocturnosque suscip-
ere, Cic. ; fur, Cic. ; lupus, preying by night,
Verg. ; Bacchus, worshipped at night, Verg. ;
subst, Noctumus -i, in. the' nod of night,
Plaut.
nocuus -a -um (noceo), hurtful, injurious,Ov.
node, 1. (nodus), to knot, tie ina knot. I. Lit.,
crines in aurum, Verg. II. Transf., to fetter ;
collum laqueo nodatus arnator, Ov. '
nodosus -a -um (nodus), full of t»o?i , knotty.
I. Lit., lina, nets, Ov. II.' Fig., knotty, full of
difficulties, Sen. ; transf., Cicuta, a usurer, cun-
ning in ensnaring debtors, llor.
nodus -i, in. a knot. I. A. Lit., Cic. B.
Meton^ a, a girdle. Verg.: <uini, the equator,
Lucr. ; b, the knot into which the hair was, some-
times collected, Ov. C Fig., 1, a tie, bond,
connexion ; amicitiae, Cic. ; 2, a, a bond, obliga-
tion, fetter; exsolvere aniuios nodis religiouum,
Lucr.; b, a difficulty, entanglement, perplexity;
dum hie nodus expediatur, Cic. II. Transf. , 1, a
knot or knob on the joint of an animal; crura
sine nodis articulisque habere, Caes. ; 2, a knot
in the wood of plants, Verg,, Liv.; 3, a. star in
onstellation Pisces, Cic. poet.
Nola -ae, f. a town in Campania, now Nola.
Hence, adj., Nolanus -a -um, belonging to
Nola; subst., Nolani -orum, m. the inhabitants
of Sola; subst., in Nolauo, in the territory of
Nola, Cic.
nolo, nolui, nolle (ne and volo). I. to be
unwilling, not to wish; with ace., quae etiam-
t: Eoluut, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nolo enim,
eundern populum imperatoreni esse et por-
Titorem terranuu, Cic. ; pluribus pvaeseutibus
ea3 res jactari nolebat, Caes. ; with infin.,
alienaro nolui, Cic. ; with eubj., nolo aecusator
;n judioium potentiam afTeiat, Cic. ; the imper.,
noli, nolite, nolito, is frequently uiad with the
infln. <?f another verb to forni a ptriphrastic
imper. ; noli putare, don't imagine, Cic, ; veil?,
Liv.; uolleni, I could wish not; Carthaginem
et Numantiam funditus sustulernht ; nollem
Corinthum, Cic. II, to wish evil, to be unfavour-
able to ; alicui, Cic.
Nomas -adis, c. (ro/ia?). pasturing; henoe,
1, plur., Nomades, nomads, nations who lead, a
migratory, pastoral life, Plin. ; 2, the Numidians,
Verg.
nomen -Inis, n. (from root GNO, whence
nosco), a name. I. A. Lit., gen., 1, nomen est
quod unicuique personae datur, quo suo quaeque
proprio et certo vocabulo appellator, Cic. ; im-
ponere nova rebus nomina, Cic. ; appellave
aliquem nomine, Cic. ; cantos cui nomeu neniae,
Cic; nomeu dare, Cic, edere, profiteri, Liv., to
give in one's name as a soldier, enlist, Liv., 2,
osp., the gentile name of a Roman, as e.g., Cor-
nelius in P. Cornelius Scipio, though sometimes
used for the praenomeu (Publius) or the cog-
nomen (Scipio), Cic. ; 3, metou., a, nomiiia
tauta (like our great names = great men), Ov. ;
b, nomen Roman um, tlve Roman power. B. Fig.,
1, name, fame, glory; nomen habere, Cic. ; 2, a,
?i««ie, cause; nomine meo, tuo, in my name, on, my
behalf, Cic; nomine lucri, for the sake of, Cic; uno
nomine, at once ; accusati sunt uno nomine con-
sulares, Cic; b, ground, pretext ; nomen in-
duetum fictae religionis, Cic. ; 3, the name (as
opposed to the thing) ; legionum, the mere name,
Cic. II. Transf., polit. t. t., 1, nomen alicuius
deferre, to give inforniation against, accuse judi-
cially, Cic ; nomen recipere, to receive an inform-
ation, Cic; 2, a security for a debt; eertis
nominibus, ongood security, Cic; nomina solvere,
exsolvere, expedire, to pay a debt, Cic. ; nomina
sua exigere, to collect one's debts, Cic. ; nomeu
facere, to set down a, debt in the account-book, to .
lend money, Cic; metou., a debtor; bonum \
nomen, a good payer, Cic.
nomenclatio -onis, f. (* nomeuclo, from
nomen and calo = voco), a calling by . name,
■naming, Qu. Cic.
nomenclator -oris, m. (*nomenclo), a slave
who told his master the names of his clients at his
reception, or of the persons whom he met in the
streets, Cic
Nomentum -i, n. a town fourteen miles
■north-east of Rome. ( Heuce, adj., Nomont-
anus -a -um, of or belonging to Nomentum.
nominatim, adv. (nomino), by name, ex-
pressly, particularly; centuriones " nominatim -'
appellare, Caes. ; de aliquu nominatim decernere
ut, etc., Cic.
nomlnatio -onis, f. (nomino), a naming,
■nomination to a priesthood or other public office,
Cic.
nominatus -a -um, p. adj. (from nomino),
well-known, noted, celebrated, Cic.
nominito, 1. (in tens, of nomino), to name,
call by name, Lucr.
nomino, 1. (nomeu). I. to name, give a name
to; amore quoainicitia estiiominata.Cic II. to
mention, speak about; ad flumen Sabim quod
supra nomiuaviimis, Cic. ; Sulla quern honoris
causa- nomino, whom I mention to do himhonour,
Cic III. A. to make famous, make' renowned ;
praedicari de se et nominari volunt omnes, Cic
B. Polit. 1. 1., a, to name, appoint, nominate to
a priesthood or other office; ine auguretn nomina-
verunt, Cic. ; b, to accuse judicially, give inform-
ation against ; aliquem apud dictatorem, Liv.
' Ndmius (-ob) -ii, m. (Nd/xtos), the pqstwrer,
a name of Apollo (from his haviv.g fed the flocks oj
Admitvs).
QomisiTia (numisma) -matis, n. (v6u.iaaa).
a coin, apiece of money, Hor. '
non
367
not
non, adv. (from old Latin uoeimni = lie uu-
um). I. not. A. 11011 est ita, judices, nun est
profccto, Cic. ; before negatives, non forms a
weak affirmative, e.g., non nihil, non nemo, non
millus, Cic. •, after negatives the affirmative tlms
formed is emphatic, nihil nou ad rationem diri-
gebat, Cic. ; with affirmative adjectives the
negative formed bynunis emphatic, by no means;
Cethegus homo non probatissimus, Cic. ; homo
non aptissimus ad jocandum, Cic.; non quod,
non quo, not that, not as if; non quod sola
ornent, sed quod excellant, Cic. ; non nisi, only ;
non moduin (solum), not only, Cic. ; non ita,
non tarn, not very, not particularly ; simulacra
perampla, sed non ita antiqua, Cic. B. 1, non
in questions = nonne? non idem fecit ? Cic. ; 2,
poet, s ne, non petite, Ov. II. Used in an-
swers, no; aut etiam aut non respoudere, Cic.
Nonacris -is, f. (NYwaKpic), a mountain in
Arcadia. Hence, adj., 1, Nonacrinus -a -urn,
A readmit ; vii-go, Callisto, Ov. ; 2, Nonacrius -a
-um, Arcadian; heros, Evandcr, Ov. ; subst.,
Nonacria -ae, f. = Atalanta, Ov.
nonae -arum, f. (nonus), the nones, the fifth
day in all the months (except March, May, and
July, when it was the seventh), so colled from
being the ninth day before the Ides.
nonagenarius -a -um (nonageni), contain-
ing ninety, Plin.
nonageni -ae -a (nouagiuta), ninety each,
Plin^
nonageslmus -a -um (nonaginta), the nine-
tieth; Cic.
nonagies, adv. (nonaginta), ninety times, Cic.
nonaginta, numer. ninety, Cic.
ndnanus -a -um (uona, sc. legio), belonging
to the ninth legion; miles, Tac. ; or subst.,
ndnanus -i, in. a soldier of the ninth legion, Tac.
. nondum, adv. not yet, Cic.
nongenti -ae -a, nine hundred, Cic.
nonne, interrog. adv., asks a question to
which an •affirmative answer is expected: 1, in
direct questions, nonne aninutdvertis? do you
not perceive I Cic. ; 2, in indirect questions,
quaero nonne id etl'ecerit, Cic.
nonnemo, nomiihil, v. nemo, nihil.
nonnullus (non nullus) -a -um, some,
seyend; nounulla in re, in some respects, Cic;
nounulla pars militum, Caes. ; non nullae co-
hortes, Caes. ; subst., nonnulli, some, Cic.
nonnumquam (non numquam), adv.
sometimes, Cic.
nonnusquam, adv. in some places, in several
places, Plin.
nonus -a -um (= novenus, from novem), the
ninth, Cic. ; subst, nona -ae, f. the ninth hour
(about three o'clock p.m.), when the chief meal
(cena) was taken at Rome, Hor.
nonusdecimus, nonadecima, nonumdec-
imum, the nineteenth, Tac.
Nora -orum, n. I. a town in Sardinia ;
hence, Norenses -lum, the inhabitants of Nora.
II. a fori in Cappadocia.
Norba -ae, f. a town in Latium, now Alcan-
tara. Hence, adj., Norbanus -a -um, of or
belonging to Norba. >
Noreja -ae, £ a, town in Noricum, now A T eu-
mdrkt.
Noricum -i, n. Noricum, a country south of
thel)anube. Hence, adj., Noricus -a -nmjforic.
norma -ae, £ (nosco), 1, a carpenter" £ square
for measuring right angles, Plin. ; 2, a rule, pre-
cept, model, pattern; dirigeie vita2i ad certain
ratfeiais normaia. C4c.
nos, plur. of ego (q. v.).
Nortia -ae, f. (for Nevortia, from ne and
vorto, Gk.'ArpoTros, the Unchangeable), an Etrus-
can goddess of fate, worshipped at Volsinii.
noscito, 1. (intens. of uosco), to get to know.
I. Lit., A. Gen., to observe, perceive, Liv. B. '
Esp., to investigate, explore; aedes, vestigia,
Plant. II. Transf., to recognise again; aliquem
facie, Liv.
nosco, novi, uotum, 3. (root NO, archaic
GNO, whence gnosco ; Gr. TNO -CI, whence
yiyywo-Ku). I. Lit., to become acquainted with,
get knowledge of; and hence, in the perfect
tenses, to be acquainted ivith, to know ; (a) pre-
sent tenses, studeo cursos istos mutationum
noscere, Cic. ; (fi) perfect tenses, quam (virtutem)
tu ne de facie quideni nosti, Cic. ; si Caesarem
bene novi, Cic. II. A. to recognise; ad res
suas noscendas recipiendasque, Liv. B. Of a
judge, to investigate a case; quae olim a praetor-
ibus uoscebantur, Tac. C. to allow, admit, ac-
knowledge a reason or excuse ; illam partem ex-
cusationis nee nosco, nee probo, Cic. (contracted
perfect tenses, nosti, nostis, noram, noras, nosse).
noster -tra -trum (nos), our, ours. I. Gen.,
a, subject., provincia nostra, Caes. ; b, object.
(= towards us) amor noster, Cic. II. Esp., A.
our, our adlierent or friend, on our side, one of
us ; a, Furnius noster, our friend Fumius, Cic. ;
nostri, our people, Cic ; b, noster in jest = ego,
Plaut. B. favourable to us; nostra loca, Liv. ;
noster Mars, Verg.
nostras -atis (noster), ofovr country, native;
inirince capior facetiis, maxinie nostratibus,
Cic. ; philusophi, Cic.
nota -ae, f. (nosco), a mark, token, note, sign.
1. Gen., 1, lit., signa et notae locorum, Cic; 2,
lig., distinguishing mark, sign; notae argument-
orum, Cic. II. A. marks in writing ; 1, letters
of the alpluxbct, numbers; notae litteraruni, Cic ;
poet., metou., nulae, a writing, lettei; Hor., Ov. ;
2, notae librariorum, marks of punctuation, Cic
B. marks on an object ; 1, marks on the body, Hor.;
2, a branded mark, brand ; barbarus eompunctus
notis Thraeciis, tattooed, Cic; &g.,disgrace, shame,
ignominy ; quae nota domesticae.ttirprtudinw
non inusta vitae tuae est ? Cic ; 3, a mark, on-.a-
ccu>\ of wine or honey (to mark the qualifa^t .*,
interior nota Falerni, cl belter, kind, HCr-. ; D,
trausf., sort, quality; aliquem de melioro uotck-
commendare, Cic; 4, a mark in a book <to ex-
press approval or disapproval), Cic; 6, ~lhp.
official censure of the senate; inotise senatu ridtas 1
aseribere, Liv.; 6, a distinguishing name,^iiark.
of honour ; ille Numantina traxit ab urbe notatn .
Ov. w
notabllis -e (noto), notable, remark-Me,'-
striking noteworthy ; exitus, Cic. >v6a
notablliter, adv. (notabilis), notabtytf-n-j
matkably, extraordinarily, Tac. v * vivi
ndtariua -U, m. (nota), a rapid uTfrer; T $$J?«-.
hand writer, Quint.
notatio -6nis, f. (noto), a marking. I.'" ijlty
tabellarum, a marking of the voting-tickets'^ with,
different coloured wax, Cic. II. 1, the stiyrnp. '<SL
the censor ; censoria, Cic. ; 2, a choice; judfetunj .
Cic; 3, the etymology of a word, Cic; 4, r cb- 1
serving, noting, taking notice of; naturae, 0(9/'
notatus -a -um, p. adj. (from noto), known,
martid; homo omnium scelerum libidinumqne
notis notatissimus, Cic
notesco, nStui, S. (1. notus), to become
known, Cat. «
nothus -a -um (wiflos). I. Lit., 1, cf men,
illegitimate, bastard, Verg. ; 2, of animals, of
h:\xed breed, hybrid, mongrel, Verg. ,12. Tjafiif.,
not ffiiutM, syur.ovt, Luor., Car, ■ '•
not
368
nos
-*
ndtio -onis, f. (nosco), a making oneself ac-
quainted with anything. I. 1, lit., Plnut. ; 2,
transf., an idea, notion of anything, image, men-
tal conception; deorum, Cic. ; mum, Cic. II.
A. ait investigation ; pontiflcum, Cic. B. the
investigation of the censor; 1, judicium et notio
censoria, Cic. ; 2, the blame, animadversion of
the censor; uotiones animadversionesque cens-
oruui, Cic.
notitia -ae, f. (1. notus), a being known. I.
Pass., 1, hi propter notitinm sunt iutromissi,
Nep. ; 2, fame, celebrity, Tac. II. Act., 1,
knowing, becoming acquainted with ; notitia nova
mulieris, Cic ; 2, a, knowledge ; corporis sui,
Cic. ; b, an idea, notion, conception ; dei, Cic
notifies -ei, f. = notitia (q.v.).
ncto, 1. (nota). I. to mark. A. Lit., 1,
tabellam cer3, Cic. ; 2, a, to mark out; notat
et designat oculis ad caedein unumq-.iemque
nostrum, Cic ; b, polit. t. t., of the censor,
to place a mark against a Roman citizen's
name in the burgess-list, to censure publicly,
blame, reprimand; quos censores furti et cap-
tarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt, Cic.
B. Transf., 1, to murk, denote ; res nominibus,
Cic. ; aliquid verbis Latinis, to express, Cic. ; 2,
to mark out, make noticeable ; aliquem decore,
Cic. ; 3, to blame, censure ; verbis aliquem, Cic.
II. to express by signs. A. 1, lit., to unite; lit-
teram, Ov. ; 2, a, to point out shortly ; caput,
Cic; b, to observe; cautus avium, Cic B.
Fig., to impress ; dicta memori pectore, Ov.
nStds = 2. notus (q.v.).
1. notus -a -um, p. adj. (from nosco), known.
I. 1, lit, res nota, Cic. ; noti atque insignes
latrones, Cic. ; aliquid notuiu habere, to knov:,
Cic; subst., noti, friends, acquaintances; 2,
transf., a, = friendly; notis compellat voc-
ibus, Verg. ; b, customary; ulmus nota quae
scdes fuerat columbis, Her. II. 1, distin-
guished, celebrated ; scriptor, Hor.; 2, notorious ;
mulier, Cic.
2. nStus (*8>) -i, m. (votoi), the south urind;
1, lit., Verg. ; 2, transf., the wind, Verg.
novaoula -ae, f. (novo), a sharp knife or
■mzor ; cotem novacula praecidere, Cic.
nivalis -is, f. and novale -is, n. i, fallow
'•>-d, Verg. ; 2, a cultivated field ; novalia culta,
Ver». ?
ncvatrlx -icis, f. (novator), she that renews ;
Jt.ruw, Ov.
ndve, adv. (novus). I. newly, in a n*w and
■> n».evnl manner. Plant. II. novissime; a,
b 'tely, recently, Sail. ; b, lastly, in the last pla<-e,
ndvcllus -a -um (dim. of novus), a, new,
14.' ;;. arbor, Cic. ; b, oppida, lately conquered,
. n6 vem, numer. nine, Cic. ; decern novem,
• nineletit, Caes.
N(5<. ember -bris, m. (novem and suffix -ber),
rtlali na to the number nine; a, mensis Novem-
ber 'tjhe ninth month of the Roman year, Novem-
b>.f,X?ic ; b, belonging to the month of November ;
' ic&Ieiitfac Novenibres, Cic
novem Jectm, numer. (novem and decern)
nineteen, Liv.
nftvendialis -e (Dovem and dies), 1, that
which happens on the ninth day ; coena, a funeral
banquet held on the ninth day after death, Tac. ;
pnlveres = new, fresh, Hor. ; 2, that which lasts
nine days ; feriae, a nir.e days' festival celebrated
on the occasion of any portent (such as a shower
of stones), Ck.
NovensHes dii (novus and smSx -ensilis),
gods wh.oi: worship hed been introduced from
foreign countries (opp. indigetes, native divini-
ties), Liv.
novenUS -a -um (novem), nine each , nine, Liv.
Ssnoverca -ae, f. a step-mother, Cic; saevn,
Verg. ; prow, apud novercam queri, i.e., in vain,
Plaut.
nSvercalis -e (noverca), of or relating to a,
step-motlier, Juv., Tac.
Novesium -ii, n. fort of the Ubii an the
Rhine, now Neuss.
ndvicius -a -um (novus), new, fresh, Plaut. ;
esp. of persons who have not long been enslaved ;
subst., novicii; Syrum nescio quern de giege
uoviciorum factum esse consulem, Cic.
navies, adv. numer. (uovem),)i ine times, Verg.
Noviodunum -i, n., 1, a town of the Sues-
siones, now Soissons ; 2, u toivn of the Bitnriges
Cubi, now Nouan.
ndvltas -atis, f. (novus), newness. I. Lit.
A. anni, the spring, Ov. ; plur., novitutes = new
acquaintances, Cic. B. the condition of a homo
novus (v. novus), newness of nobility, Cic. II.
novelty, unusualness, strangeness; terror queui
tibi rei novitas attuierlt, Cic.
novo, 1. (novus). I. tomakenew, renew. A.
.transtra, Verg. ; membra, to revive, Ov. ; agcr
novatus, afield reploughed, Cic. B. Transf., a, to
revive, refresh; (animus) risu novatur, Cic; b,
to change, alter ; aliquid in legibus, Cic. ; tiovare
res, to alter the constitution of a, stale, make a
revolution, Liv. II. to invent something new;
verba, invent ritw words, Cic.
n$VUS -a -um («us), super!., novissiiuus,
new, fresh, young (opp. vetus). I. Lit., A.
Gen., miles, a recruit, Liv. ; novae res, novelties,
Cic; and esp., political changes, revolutions;
rebus novis studere, Cic. ; lac, new milk, Verg.
Subst,, novum -i, n. a new thing, novelty ;h\itn
quiduam novi? Cic. B. Esp., a, novus homo
or homo novus, the first of a family who held
acurule office in Rome, e.g., M. T, Cicero,
Cic ; b, novae tabulae, new account-books (that
is, a total extinction of debts), Cic. ; c, novae
tabernae, or novae, certain money-changers' shops
in the forum which had been burnt down a.u.c.
543, and rebuilt; sub Novis, Cic; d, Nova
via, a road in Rome leading down to the fortiv:,
Liv. II. Transf., 1, fresh, inexperienced ; eqilu:-,
Cic. ; novus dellctis, inexperienced in crime, Tac ;
2, new, novel, Unusual, extraordinary; senuss
dicendi, Cic. ; 3, = alter, a second ; Caniillus, a
second Camillus, Liv. ; novus Hannibal, Cic. ; 4,
of succession, the super]., novisslrmis -a -um
= (a) the latest, last ; agmen, the rear, Caes. ; (JS)
the extremest, severest; exempla, Tac
nox, noctis, f.(™|), night. L A. Lit., 1, gen.,
nocte, or de nocte, by night, Cic. ; multa nocte,
de multa nocte, deep in the night, late at night,
Cic. ; nocte media, de nocte media, at midnight
Cic ; noctes et dies urgeri, night and day, Cic, ;
se conjicere in noctem, to hasten away under
shelter of night, Cic. ; earn noctem pervigilare,
Cic. ; 2, personif., Nox, the goddess Night, sister
of Lrebus, Verg. B. Transf., 1, nieton., sleep,
Vr-g. ; 2, a, the dark7iess of a storm, Verg.; b,
the lower world, Verg. ; c, death, Verg. ; d,;
blindness, Ov. II. Fig., 1, obscurity ; inei versus
aliquantum noctis habebunt, Ov.; 2, confusion,
darkness, peril; haec reipublicae nox, Cic.
noxa -ao, f, (noceo). I. harm, injury, damage ;
sine ullius urbis noxa, Liv. II. Meton., 1, a
crime, fault, offence ; in noxa esse, Liv. ; 2,
punishment; noxa liberari, Liv.
noxla -ae, f, (sc, causa, from noxius), a fault,
offence, crime ; abcui noxiae. esse, to be aycQUvtcq}
a fault. Liv.
nox
369
num
noxius -a -uin (noxa). I. noxious, hurtful,
injurious; tela, Ov. II. criminal, culpable,
guilty; aliquem noxium judicare, Liv.
nubecula -ae, f. (dim. of nubes). I. a litt ;
cloud, Plin. II. Fig., a troubled, dark expres-
sion ; frontis, Cic.
nubes -is, f. (cf. nubo), a cloud. I. A. Lit.,
aer coucretus in nubes cogitur, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, a cloud, e.g., of dust, pulveris, Liv.; 2, a
great number, dense mass of any objects; locust-
arum, Liv.; volucruni, Verg. II. Fig., 1, a
cloud, or dark expression on the countenance ;
deme supercilio nubeni, Hor. ; 2, veil, conceal-
vlent ; fraudibus objice nubeni, Hor.; 3, a
cloud, i.e., threatening or impending misfortune;
belli, Verg. ; 4, a sad, miserable condition ; rei-
publicae, Cio. ; 5, a cloud (as emblem of some-
thing unsubstantial), a phantom; nubes et
inania captare, Hor.
nubifer -fera -ferum (nubes and fero), cloud-
bearing, cloud-bringing, Ov.
nubigena -ae, c. (nubes and gigno), bom of a
cloud, produced from a cloud; esp., of tbe Cen-
taurs, offspring of Ixion and a cloud ; Nubigeuae
alone = Centaurs, Verg.
nubllls -e (nubo), marriageable ; Alia, Cic.
nubilus -a -urn (nubes), covered with clouds,
cloudy, overcast. I. A. Lit., plur. subst.,
nubila -drum, n. clouds, Hor. B. Transf., 1,
act., cloud-bringing ; Auster, Ov. ; 2, dark;
via nubila taxo, Ov. II. Fig,, 1, of expression,
dark, gloomy ; tolo nubila vuJtu, Ov. ; 2, un-
favourable ; nubila nascenti lion lullii Farca fu'it,
Ov. ; 3, dark, unhappy ; tempora, Ov.
1 nubo, nupsi, nuptum, 3. (stem NUB, whence
nubes), to cover, veil; and especially, of a
bride, to be married to, to marry any one; virgo
nupsit ei, cui Caecilia nupta fuerat, Cic. ; nuptam
esse cum aliquo, Cic. ; nubere in familiain, to
marry into a family, Cic. ; aliquam nuptum
collocate', to give in marriage, Caes. ; partic,
nuptus -a -am, married; lilia, Cic; subst.,
nupta -ae, f. a wife, Liv.
Nuceria -ae, f. a town in Campania, now
Xocera. Hence, adj., Nucerinus -a -urn, re-
lating to Nuceria.
nucifranglbuTuin -i, n. (nux and frango),
a Hut-cracker (la jest = a tooth), Plaut.
nucleus -i, m. (nux). I. Lit., 1, the kernel
of a nut', or any nut-like fruit, Plin. ; 2, the stone
or uneatable kernel of fruits, Plin. II. Transf.,
the kernel or inside of anything ; conchae, Plin.
nudius = nunc dius (= dies), it is now the
. . . day since; a\ ways with theordinal numerals;
UUdius tertius, tlie day before yesterday, Cic. ;
uudius tertius decimus, thirteen days ago, Cic.
nudo, 1. (nudus), to make tutked, to make
bare, strip. I. A. Lit., 1, aliquem, Cic. ; 2, a,
to lay bare, uncover; gladium, to draw, Liv. ;
munis nudatus defensorlbus, Caes. ; b, milit.
t. t., to lay bare, leave undefended; castra nu-
dentur, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to strip, make
bare by robbery, to spoil, plunder ; spoliavit
nudavitque omnia, Cic ; quein praeceps alea
nudat Hor.; 2, to deprive ; aliquem praesidio,
Cic, JI. Fig., 1, to strip, lay bare, expose ; nudata
omnibus rebus tribunicia potestas, Caes. ; vis
iDgenii scientia juris nudata, Cic. ; 2, to uncover,
expose, make visible, reveal ; animos, Liv.
nudus -a 'Um, naked, unclothed, nude, bare.
I, A. Lit., 1, Cic. ; nudo eapite, bare-headed,
Sail. ; 2, uncovered ; vertex, Verg. ; subsellia,
vacant, Cic. ; terga, Liv, B. Transf., 1, deprived
of; with abl., praesidio, Cic; with genit., loca
nuda gignentium. Sail. ; 2, without; respubjica
nuda a magistratibus, Oic. XI. Fig., 1, fimple,
unadorned, plain; conimentarii Caesaris, Cic;
2 ? bare, mere, alone, only; nuda ista, si ponas,
Cic. ; hoc nudum relinquitur, Cic.
nugae -arum, f. (naucuni), trifles, nonsense,
stuff, trumpery. I. Lit., huncciiie honiinem tantis
delectatum esse nugis? Cic; applied also to
verses, nescio quid meditans migaium, Hor.
II. Transf., of persons, a foolish, trifling fellow ;
amicos habet meraa nugas, Cic.
nugator -oris, m. (nugor), a trifler, foolish
fellow, a jester, Cic.
nugatorius -a -um (nugator), trifling, good
for nothing, frivolous, futile, nugatory ; mala
nugatoriaque accusatio, Cic
nugax -acis (nugor), trifling, frivolous, ap.
Cic.
nugor, 1. dep. (nugne), 1, to trifle, be frivo-
lous, talk nonsense; non inscite, Cic; cum
aliquo, Hor. ; 2, to trick, cajole, make game of,
Plaut.
nullus -a -um (ne and ullus), no, none, no-
body, no one. I. A. Lit., 1, adj., nulla una re,
Cic. ; nullo modo, nullo pacto, by no means,
Cic. ; nullo cei to ordiue neque imperio, Caes. ;
2, subst., a, nullus = nobody, no one, Cic;
b, nullum -i, n.= nothing, Hor. II. Fig.,
1, nullus sum ; a, / am ruined, it is all over
with me ; nullus repente fui, Liv.; b, of persons
and things, I am no longer in existence ; dc
mortuis loquor, qui nulli sunt, Cic ; nullus =
mortuus, Ov. ; vcllcm nulla, Ov. ; 2, insignifi-
cant, of no importance, trifling, poor; nullos
judices habemus, Cic ; nullum argumentiuu
est, Cic.
num, interrog. particle, asking a question to
which a negative answer is expected. A. In
direct questions, num censes etiam eosdem
fuisse? Cic. ; compounded with ne, deum ipsum
numne vidisti? Cic; num quid vis? is there
anything else which you want? (a common form
in leave-taking), Hor. B. In indirect ques-
tions, whether; quaero, num aliter ac nunc
eveniunt eveuirent? Cic
Numa -ae, m., Pompilius, (he second king of
Rome.
Numantia -ae, f. a town in Hijpania Tar-
raconensis, taken and destroyed byScipio Africanus
the yowiger. Hence, adj., Numantmus -a
-um, Xumantine.
numarfus = nummarius (q.v.).
numatus = nummatus (q.v.).
numen -Inis, u. (= nuimen, from nuo), a.
nodding, beckoning with the. head; a nod, aa
sign of a command, a command. I, Gen.,
numen vestrum, Cic. ; magnum numen senatus,
Cic. II. Esp., of a deity, a, the divine will,
divine command ; numen interdictumque deorum
immortalium, Cic. ; mundum censent regi nu-
mine deorum, Cic. ; Jovis numina, Phoebi nu-
mina, Verg. ; b, (a) the might of a deity, majesty,
divinity; qui nullam vim esse dicit numenva
divinum, Cic. ; of deities themselves, conversa
numina, pia numina, Verg. ; 03) of the Roman
emperors, violatum numen Augusti, Tac.
numer abilis -e (numero), that can be counted,
enumerated, Ov.
numeratus -a -um, p. adj. (from numero),
counted, in hard cash, in ready money; dos,
pecunia, Cic. ; subst, numeratum -i, n. hard
cash, money down; numerato solvere, Cic
1. numero, 1. (numerus), to count. I. Lit.,
A, aliquem a 66 primura, Cic, ; aliquid per:
dieitos, on the fingers, Ov. ; consule et numera
(senatum), count the house (with a view to deter-
mine whether a sufficient number to transact
business, were present)) Cic- - B, <o count, ie.,
num
370
nup
to pay money ; militibus stipendium, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, to count up, reckon, enumerate; dies
deticiat, si veliui nuuierare, quibus bonis male
evenerit, Cic; 2, to reckon under, class under;
inter suos, Cic. ; inter honestos homines, Cie. ;
mortem iu beneftcii loco, Cic. ; 3, with double
ace, in pass, with double noiu., to count, esteem,
hoh.1, consider; Sulpicium accusatorem suum
nuinerabat, non competitorem, Cic. ; sapientcs
cives, qualeni me et esse, et numerari volo, Cic.
2. numero. adv. Git-, abl. of numerus), 1,
just, exactly, at the right time, Plaut. ; 2, ipiickly,
soon, too quickly, too soon, Plaut.
numerose, adv. (numerosus), 1, numerously,
Plin. ; 2, rhythmically, harmoniously; circurn-
scripte numeroseque dicere, Cic.
numerosus -a -um (nuinerus). I. numer-
ous, in great number; numerosissima ci vitas,
populous, Tac. II, rhythmical, harmonious ;
oratio, Cic.
numerus -i, m. (connected with nummus),
a number. I. A. Lit., 1, nuinemm inire, to
count, Cues. ; 2, &,acertain number, a numberof
persons or things, considered as a whole; ad
pristinum numerum duo augures addidit, Cic. ;
haec eutm sunt tria uuinero, are three in number,
Cic. ; uumero quadraginta, forty in number, Sail. ;
referre in deoTum numero, to count as a god,
Cic; b, an uncertain number, a heap, mass;
hominum, Cic; inuumerabilis frurnenti numerus,
an enormous quantity, Cic; c, a "division of the
army, company ; sparsi per proviuciam Humeri,
Tac; d, a cipher, i.e., of nc consequence; nos
numerus sumus, Hor. B. Meton., plur., Hu-
meri = 1, dice (as being marked with numbers);
nuinerosque manu jactabit eburnos, Ov. ; ' 2,
mathematics, Cic II. Transf., 1, the part of a
whole; elegans omni numero poema, in evei-y
respect, Cic; 2, a, melody, music, Verg., Ov. ;
b, dance, Cic ; c, a metrical foot, number ; Hu-
meri ac modi, Cic ; poet, numeri graves, heroic
verse, Ov. ; d, in oratory, harmony; oratorius,
Cic; 3, runk, place, position; obtinere aliquem
numerum, Cic. ; numero or in niimero, in the
post of, as ; parentis nv.mero esse, Cic. ; 4, order,
rule ; in numerum or numero, according to ride,
Verg.
Numicus (Numiclus) -i, in. a small , n-t.r
in Latium, flowing into the Tyrrhene sea near
Avdea, now JS'umico.
Numida -ae, m. (nomas, vona.%), a Xumidian ;
plur., Numidae -arum, the Xumidians, attrib.
= Xvmidia7i: Numidae jaculatores, Liv. Hence,
1, Numldia -ae, f. a country in North, Africa
2, Numidicus -a -urn, Numidian.
numisma = nomisma (q.v.).
Niimistro -onis, f. t&m in Lucnnia, on the.
borders of Apulia.
Numltor -oris, m. king of Alba, father of
Ilia, grandfather of Romulus and Remus.
■ nummarius -a -um (nummus). I. belong-
ing to money; theca, Cic. ; difficultas nummaria
or rei nummariae, scarcity of money, Cic. II.
bribed v;ith money, venal ; judex, Cic.
nummatus -a -um (nuinmus), provided with
money, rich ; adolescens non minus bene num-
matus quam capillatus, Cic
nummulus -i, m. (dim. of nummus), n little
money, some money - r nummulis acoeptis jus ac fas
oinne delere, for a paltry sum,, Cic
nummus (nuniU3)-i, lii. (wvmmos, Tarentiiie
and Sicilian = ni^os, the regular silver currency).
I. money, coin; adultefini nuinmi, bad money,
Cic ; habere in nummis, to have in cash, Cic.
II-' E^ep., the se&irzo, a. Rornac. coin worth about
2*<L; archie ayEk nV^'itflm, Cic; tntsf., ■
like the English penn y, fa rth ing (to express a very
small sum); ad liiuuum convenit, it comes right, to
a farthing, Cic. (geuit plur., gen. numniuni).
numquam, adv. (ue and unquam), never,
Cic; numquam adhuc, numquam ante, numquam
alias, Cic. ; numquam non, always, Cic. ; non
numquam, sometimes, Cic.
numus = nummus (q.v.).
nunc, adv. (vvv). I. now, at present, at this
moment ; ut nunc est, as things arc noiv, Cic. ;
nunc ipsum, at this very moment, Cic. ; qui nunc
sunt, tlie present generation, Cic; nunc . . .
nunc, now . . . now, at one time . . . at another.
Liv. II. but now, now however, Cic.
nunccine = nuncne ?
nunci'a = uuntia, v. nuntius.
nunclatio = nuntiatio (q.v.).
nuncio = nuntio.
nuncius = nuntius (q.v.).
nuncupatio -Onis, f. (nuncupo), a naming,
i- public offering or pronouncing of a vow ; sol-
lemuis nuncupatio votorum, Liv.
nuncupo, 1. (nomine capio), to name, call by
name. I. aliquid nomine dei, Cic. Ilf. A. to
pronounce solemnly and openly; a, vows; vota
pro republica, Cic ; b, an adoption, Tac. B.
to nominate as 7teir; heredeni, Tac.
nundinae, v. nundinus.
nundlnatlo -onis, f. (nundinor), the holding
of a market, trafficking, trade, business; fuit
uundinatio aliqua, Cic.
nundinor, 1. dep. (nundinae). I. to trans-
act business, trade, traffic. A. Lntransit, sedere
nuudinautem, Liv. B. Transit., to buy; jus
ab aliquo, Cic. ; totuni imperium P. It., Cic.
II. Transf., to be present in great numbers (as
at a market) ; ubi ad focum angues nundiuari
solent, Cic.
nundinus -a -um(lit., nouendinua = noven-
diims, from novem and dies), belonging to the
ninth day. Subst, I. nundinae -arum, f. the
market-day, held every ninth, day, Cic; transf.,
a, the market-place ; iUi Capuam nundinas rustic-
oruin, hon'eum Campani agri esse yoluerunt,
Cic. ; b, traffic, trade, business ; vectigalium
flagitiosissimae nundinae, Cic. II. nundinum
-i. n. (sc. tempus), tlie market-time ; trinum nun-
d mm, the interval between- one market-day and
the next but one after (17-24 days) ; so praesentem
trinum nundinum (on the three market-days),
petiturum, Cic; comflia in trinum nundinum
mdicere, Liv.
nuntiatio -Onis, f. (nuntio), religious t. t.,
a declaration, announcement made by the ougur
of his observations, Cic
nuntio, 1. (uuutius), to announce ; vera, Cic;
qui nuntiarent prope omnes naves afflictas esse,
Caes.; oppugnata domus C. Caesaris per multas
noctis horas nuntiabatur, Cic. ; with ut and the
subj., paulo post ferunt nuntiatum Simonidi
ut proairet, Cic; absol., nuntiato, this being
announced, Liv.
nuntius -a -um (contr. from noventius),
announcing, bringing news. I. Adj., rumor,
Cic. II. Subst, A. nuntius -Ii, m, 1, mes-
senger, announcer ; facere aliquem certiorem
per nuntium, Cic. ; 2, a, message, news; nuntium.
afferre, Cic. ; b, nuntium alicui remittere, to
send one's wife a letter of divorce. Cic. ; transf. ,
nuntium remittere virtuti, to renounce, Cic. B.
nuntia -ae, f. she that announces; historia
nnntia veritatis, Cic C. nuntium -ii, n.
message, news, Cat.
cuper, sup6rl., nuperrftne, iiy, (ft»
imp
•i
obd
novper, from novns, lately, not long ago; qui
uuper Romae fait, Cic. ; sometimes employed
to denote a move distant period, nuper, id est,
paucis ante secidis, Cic.
nupta -ae, f. (nubo), a wife, spouse, bride, Ov.
nuptiae -arum, f. (nubo), marriage, nuptials;
Corniiicia multarum lniptiaruin, often married,
Cie. ; celebrare nuptias, Liv. ; cenare apud ali-
queni in eius nuptiis, Cic.
nuptialis -e (nuptiae), of or relating to a
marriage; eena, Liv. ; donum, Cic.
nuptUS -a -um (partic. of nubo), married;
filia, mulier, Cic.
Nursia -ae, f. a town in thewest of the Sabim
country, now Norcia. Hence, adj., Nurjmus
•a -um, belonging to Nursia.
nurus -us, f. (w6s), 1, a daughter-in-law,
son's wife, Cic. ; 2, poet., a young matron, young
■married woman, Ov.
nusqurm, adv. (ne and usquarn), nowhere.
I. Lit., nusquam alibi, Cic. II. Trausf., 1, in
nothing, on no occasion; praestabo sumptum
nusquam melius poni posse, Cic. ; 2, to nothing ;
ut ad id omnia referri oporteat, ipsum autein
nusquam, Cic.
nuto, 1. (*nuo). I. Gen., 1, to move up and
down, totter, leaver, nod; ornus nutat, Verg.;
nutant galeae, Liv.; 2, trausf., a, to waver;
itans acies, Tac. ; b, to waver, be uncertain,
in, opinion; etiam Dcinocritus nutare videtur
in natura deoruin, Cic. ; c, to waver in fidelity ;
Galliae nutantes, Tac. II. to move the head up
and down, to nod, Plaut. ; of persons, sleeping,
Hor.
nutricius -li, m. (nutrix), a foster-father,
guardian, Caes.
nutrico, 1. and nutricor, 1. dep. (nutrix),
to suckle, nourish; trausf., to support, sustain ;
muiidus omnia, sicut membra et partes suas,
nutricatur, Cic.
nutricula -ae, f. (dim. of nutrix), nurse,
Ilor.; trausf., Gallia nutricula seditiosorum,
Cic.
nutrimen -ims, n. (nntrio), nourishment,
Ov.
nutrlmentum -i, n. (nntrio), nourishment,
nutriment ; transf., a, of fuel, arida nutrimenta,
Verg.; b, support, training; educata huius
iiutrimentis eloquentia, Cic.
nutrio -ivi and -li -Hum, i, (nutrior, i.
dep., Verg.), to give suck, suckle, nourish. I.
Lit., A. a, of animals, nutritus lacte ferino,
Ov. ; b, of plants, terra herbas uutrit, Ov. ; c,
of tire, ignes folds, Ov. B. to tend, wait upon ;
corpora, Liv. ; damnum naturae, remove, Liv.
II. Transf. , to nourish, support, sustain ; nmorem,
Ov. ; mens rite nutrita, educated, Hor.
nutrix -Icis, f. (nutrio), a nurse, foster-mother.
1. Lit., ut paene cum lacte nutricis errorein
suxisse videamui, Cic; rueton., nutrices, the
breasts, Cat. II. Transf., oratoris, Cic; cur-
arum maxima nutrix no>:, Ov.
nutus -us, m. (* nuo). I. inclination, down-
ward tendency, gravity, Cic. II. a nod, a signal,
or beckoning of the head. A. Lit,, Liv. B.
Transf., 1, command, will; deoruin nutu, Cic;
auetoritate nutuque deorum, Cic. ; 2, assent ;
annuite nutum rmmenqne vestrum invictum
Campanis, Liv.
nux, nucis, f. I. a nut. A. Lit., Liv. ;
prov., nux cassa, something entirely worthless.
Hor. B. Trausf., of similar fruit, castaneae
nuces, chest n ».'«, Verg. II. 1, the w«-«re*,Verg.;
2, a-n almond-tree, Verg.
. NyCtSllUS -1. m. (NvicTeA.os), -Aighth. a sur-
name of Bacchus (so called because his mysteries
were celebrated by night), Ov.
nyrupha -ae, f. and nymphe -es, f. («/><£»)).
I. a bride, woman lately married, Ov. II.
Nymphae, the Nymphs, beings of lialf-divine
nature, believed to inhabit the seas, streams, woods,
etc., Verg.
Nymphaeum -i, n. (Xvn^alov), a promon-
tory and sea-]iurt in Illyria.
Nysa (Nyssa) -ae, f. (N0<ra). I. a town
in Caria. Ill a town in Palestine. III. a city
in India, where Bacchus was said to have been
brought up. Hence, adj., A. Nysaeus -a -um,
Nysean, B. Nyseis -Idis, f. Nysean. C.
Nysias -Sdis, f. of or relating to Bacchus. D.
Nysigena -ae, m. bom in Nysa, E. Nyseus
-ei, a surname of Bacchus.
o.
1. r\ o, the fourteenth letter of the Latin
\J j alphabet, corresponding to the two
Greek letters Omicron and Omega (O, o, fj, <o).
For the use of O. in abbreviations, see Table of
Abbreviations.
2. 6! and oh! interj. an exclamation of joy,
astonishment, derision, sorrow, pain, etc., gener-
ally followed by voc. or ace. ; o paterni generis
oblite i Cic. ; o me miserum ! Cic. ; sometimes
with noin, o fortunata mors! Cic. ; in wishes, o
si, if only ! Verg. ; poet., put the second word of
the clause, spes o tidissima Teucrum ! Ov.
Oarion -onis, in, ('Clapiwv) = Orion (q.v.).
Oaxes -is, m. (*Oaf«), a river in Crete.
ob, prep, with ace. I. Of space, a, with
verbs of motion, towards, to ; ignis qui est ob OS
etfusus, Cic. ; b, with verbs not denoting mo-
tion, a>, before; ob oculis versari, Cic. II. 1,
on account of; ob rem judicandam pecuniam
accipere, Cic. ; unius ob iram prodimur, Verg. ;
ob cam rem, oil that account, Cic. ; quani ob
rem, on which account, Caes. ; ob id, ob id ipsum,
ob hoc, ob haec, oh this account, therefore, Liv. ;
ob metuui, out of fear, Tac. ; 2, in consideration
of for, as recompense for; ager oppositus est
piguori ob decern minas, Ter. ; 3, ob rem, to the
purpose, wUh iJvt>.n*ige ; veroin id fmstru an
ob rem faciam, in vestra uiauu situm est, Sail.
obaeratus -a -um, adj. with compar. (ob
and nes), in debt, Liv. ; plur. subst., obaerati
-oruin, m. debtors, Cic.
obambulo, 1. to walk up and down, back-
wards and forwards; with dat, muris, Liv.;
with ace, Aetnain, Ov. ; with prep., ante vallum,
Liv. ; in herbis, Ov.
dbarmo, 1. to arm; dextras securi, Hor.
obaro, 1. to plough up, Liv.
1. obba -ae, f. o species of drinking-cup, Pers.
3. Obba -ae, f. a town in Africa, near Car-
thage.
obbruteseo -tili, 3. tv become brutish, stupid,
Lucr.
obc . . . v. occ . . .
obdo -dldi -dltum, 3. to set, put, place before,
put against; pessulum ostio, io bolt tin door,
Ter. ; fores, to shut the door, Ov. ; nullique malo
latus obdit apertum, offers an unprotected sidt
to no evil, Hor. ;
obdo'rcaito -U'f and ^i -ituai, l. io go w ^eift
Cic.
obd
372
obl
obdormisco, 3. (obdormio), to go to sleep,
Cic.
obduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. A. to draw
over, draw in front ; 1, fossam, Caes.; tig., callum
dolori, Cic. ; 2, to cover; trunci obducuntur
libro ant coitice, Cic. ; transf., obdueta cicatrix
reipublicae, closed mound, Cic. B. 1, to drink,
veuemim, Cic. ; 2, to wrinkle; frontem, Hor.
II. to lead against; Curium, to bring forward,
produce, Cic. ; transf., to jxiss, spend; diem pos-
terum, Cic.
obduotlo -onis, f. (obduco), a covering; cap-
itis, Cic.
obdtiresco -durtti, 3. to become hard, grow
hard. I. Lit., Plaut. II. Fig., to become hard-
hearted, to lose one's natural feeling, become ob-
durate; ipse obdurui, Cic; ad dolorem novum,
Cic.
obduro, 1. to be hard; fig., to stand out,
luild out, persist; perfer et obdura, Ov.; iuipers.,
obduretur hoc triduum, Cic.
obediens (oboediens) -entis, p. adj. (from
obedio), obedient, compliant; with dat., nulli est
naturae obediens ant subjectus deus, Cic; with
ad and the ace, ad nova consilia, Liv. Subst.,
obediens, one who obeys, a dependant, Cic
obedlenter (oboedlenter), adv. (obedi-
cns), obediently ; obedienter iinperata facere, Liv.
dbedientia (dbocdientia) -ac, f. (obedi-
cii.s), obedience, compliance, Cic.
obedio (oboedlo) -hi -ituni, 4. (ob and
audio). I. to give ear to, listen to, follow a
person's advice; alicui, Nep. II. to obey;
praecepto, Cic. ; magistratibus, Cic. ; alicui ad
verba, Cic.
obeliscus -i, m. (o£e,WKos), a pointed
• < v vim, obelisk, Plin.
obeo -ivi and -ii -ituni, 4. I. Iutransit., A. to
go to, come to, go to meet, gu against; ad oinnes
hostium conatus, to oppose, Liv. ; iu iufera loca,
Cic. B. a, of the heavenly bodies, to set; in
reliquis orientis aut obeuntis solis partibus,
Cic. ; b, to die ; tecum vivere amein, tecum
obeam libens, Hor. II. Transit,, A. a, to go
to, reach; quantum fiamma obire non potuisset,
Cio. ; b, to go to, engage in, apply oneself to any
business ; to perform, execute, accomplish an object ;
ncgotiura, Cic. ; hereditatem, to take possession
<7", Cic. ; vadimonium, to discharge one's bail, to
cpp'.ar at tlie fxed time, Cic. ; diem supremuui,
.'o die, Nep. ; so obire mortem, Cic. B. 1, to
i isit, travel through; provincial^, Cic. ; 2, to take
part in; comitia, Cic. ; 3, to surround ; clipeum
<ibit pellis circumdata, Verg.
obequlto, 1. to ride up to; castris Liv.
oberro, 1. to wander about: tentoriis, Tac. ;
transf., chords eadem, to blunder, Hor.
obesltas -atis, f. (obesus), fatness, corpu-
lence, obesity, Suet.
obesus -a -urn (ob and edo), 1^ fit, plump;
turdus, Hor.; transf., swollen; fauces, Verg.;
2, coarse, not delicate, unrefined, rude; juvenis
nana ubesae, Hor.
obex -icis, and ohjTcis, m. and f. (objicio),
1, the fastening of a door, bolt, bar, barrier, bar-
ricade; fultosque emuniit objice postrs, Verg.;
2, an ubstacle, hindrance, Plin.
obf . . . v. off . .
obg . . . v. ogg . . .
obhaereo, 2. to stick to, cleave to, Suet.
obbaeresco -haesi -haesum, 3. to stick fast,
adhere to, Lucr.
oblcio =• objicio (q.v.).
obirascor -iratus sum, 3. dep. to be angry;
fortunae, with fortune, Ljv,
obiratlo -Onis, f. (obirascor), a being angry,
anger, Cic.
obiratus -a -um, p. adj. (from obirascor),
angry, wrathful; with dat., fortunae, Liv.
obiter, adv. (ob), 1, on the way, in passing, on
the journey, J uv.; 2, by the way, incidentally, Juv.
obitus -us, in. (obeo), 1, an approaching,
going to, Ter. ; 2, a going down (esp. of the
heavenly bodies), setting; siderum, Cic; 3, a
downfall, ruin, destruction, death; post obitum
vel potius excessum Romuli, Cic.
objaceo -jiieui, 2. to lie at, against, in the
way ; saxa objacentia peclibus, Liv.
objectatio -Onis, f. (objecto), a reproach,
Caes.
objecto, 1. (intens. of objicio). I. to put in.
the umj, set against. A. Lit. (of birds), caput
. fretis, to dip, dive into, Verg. B. Transf., to
expose: aliquem periculis, Sail.; se hostium
telis, Liv. ; moras, to cause, interpose delay, Ov.
II. Transf., to reproach with anything, object
anything to a person, throw in a person's teeth ;
alicui probrum, Cic ; with ace. and inlin.,
nobilitas objectare Fabio fugisse eum Ap.
Clnudimn collegam, Liv.
1. objectus -a -um, p. adj. (from objicio), 1,
lying at, near, opposite to ; insula objecta Alexan-
driae, Caes. ; 2, exposed to ; fortunae, Cic. ; ad
omncs casus, Cic.
2. objectus -us, in. (objicio), i/ placing at,
before, opposite, a lying against, lying opposite;
insula portum ctticit objectu lateruni, Verg.
objex = obex (q.v.).
objicio -jeci -jectum, 3. (ob and jacio). I.
to throw in the way of. A. Lit,, se telis hostium,
Cic. B. Transf., 1, to oppose, Cic. ; 2, to expose ;
consulem morti, Cic. ; se in dimicationes, Cic. ;
3, to cause, produce; alicui errorem, Cic; nietuni
et dolorem, Cic. ; objicitur animo nietus, the
heart, is seUed. with fear, Cic.-; hie aliud ma jus
miseris objicitur, presents itself, Verg. II. to
place before, throw before. A. Lit., 1, corpus
feris, Cic. ; 2, to put before, hold, before as a
defence, protection ; Alpium vallum contra trans-
gressionem Gallorum, to oppose, Cic; euros pro
vallo, Caes. B. 1, to offer ; delenimeutum
animis, Liv. ; 2, to hold out as on example ;
umim ex judicibus selectis, Hor. ; 3, to object to,
reproach with, charge with; alicui flirt a, Cic;
with ace. and infill., objicit milii, me ad Bai.is
fuisse, Cic; with quod, non tibi objicio quod
spoliasti, Cic.
objurgatio -onis, f. (objurgo), a blaming,
chiding, reproving, Cic.
objurgator -oris, m. (objurgo), a scolder,
chider, reprover, blamer, Cic.
objurgat6rius-a -um (objurgator), scolding,
chiding ; epistola, Cic.
objurgo, l. and objurgor, 1. dep. to scold
chide, reprove., reprimand, hlume ; aliquem luolli
brachio de Pompeii familiaritate, Cic. ; vere-
cundiam alicui us, Cic; quum objurgarer me,
quod liimia laetitia paene desiperem, Cic.
oblanguesco -giii, 3. to become languid, Cic.
obiatro, 1. to bark at or against, to rail at,
scold, Suet.
oblectamen -Inis, n. (oblecto), a delight,
pleasure, Ov.
oblectamentum -i, n. (oblecto), a delight,
amusement, solace ; meae senectutis requies ob-
lectamentumque, Cic
obleotatlo -5nis, f, (oblecto), a delighting ;
pleasing ; aninii, vitae, Cic
oblecto, 1. (ob and laeto). I. to delight,
please, dmvse ; quum eoruin inventis scriptisquq
obi
obr
se oblecteut, Cic. ; senectutem, Cic. ; legentium
ctulinos fictis, Tac. ; me cum aliqua re, Cic. ;
.sc cum aliquo, Cic. II. to ]xiss time pleasantly,
white away time ; lacrimabile tenipus studio, Ov.
obllcus, v. obliquus.
oblido -Hsi -lisiun, 3. (ob and laedo), to
squeeze, tin/ether ;--'collum digitalis dnobus, to
throttle, Cic ; rVblisis faucibus, strangled, Tac.
obligatio -Snis, f. (obligo), a beingbound, a
legal obligation ; obligatio pecuniae, Cic.
ObligatUS -a -urn, p. adj. (from obligo),
bound, under an obligation to any one ; obligatus
ei nihil eram, Cic.
Obligo, 1. to bind, fasten to. I. A. Lit.,
to tie, bind up, bandage a <ioi<7i<2;. vulnus, Cic;
medicnm requirens a quo obligetur, Cic. ; venas,
Tac. B. Transf., to bind, fetter by an oath, law,
benejit, to bind, fetter, oblige, lay 'iinder an obliga-
tion, make liable ; a, se nesu, Cic. ; aliquem sibi
liberalitate, Cic. ; poet., obligatatn redde Jovi
dapem, that is due, Hor. ; b, to pledge ; praedia
obligata, mortgaged, Cic. II, to make, liable to
•jut ii.ir.liirie nt, make guilty; aliquem scelere, Ci«. ;
pass., obligari, to mmmit an offence, be guilty;
obligari fraude impia, Cic.
oblinio, 1. (ob and limns). I. to cover with
slime or mud ; agvos, Cic. II. to lavish, squander,
Hoi-.
oblino -levi -litum, 3. I, to smear, daub,
besmear. A. Lit., obliti unguentis.Cic. ; oblitus
faciein suo cruore, Cic. B. Transf., to rover,
load ; actor oblitus divitiis, Hor. ; facetiae
oblitae Latio, Cic. II. to stain, pollute, defile.;
oblitus parricidio, Cic. ; sunt omnia suinnio
dedecore oblita, Cic. ; aliquem vcrsibus atris, to
satirise, lampoon, Hor.
oblique, adv. (obliquus), 1, sideways, athwart,
aslant, obliquely ; ferri, Cic; 2, indirectly, cov-
ertly, oil implication, Tac
obliquo, 1. (obliquus), to moke oblique, turn
sideways, turn aside, slant, crook; oculos, Ov.;
eiisein in latus, Ov.
obliquus (obllcus) -a -um (oband liquis),
slanting, oblique, sideways, aslant, on one side.
I. Lit., has partim obliques, partim aversos,
partim etiani adversoa stare vobis, Cic; anmis
cursibus obliqnis fluens, Ov. ; ab obliquo, Ov.,
per obliqnnm, Hor., sideways, obliquely. II.
Transf, a, of discourse, indirect, covert; in-
sectatio, Tac. ; b, looking askance, envious ; in-
vidia, Verg.
obliteratio -onis, f. {oblitero), a blotting
out, obliteration ; and esp., a blotting out from
memory, total forgetfulness, Plin.
oblitero, 1. (oblino), to blot out, obliterate, to
blot out of memory, bring to forgetfulness ; faiuam
rei, Liv. ; publici mei beneficii memoria privatam
offeusionem obliteramnt, Cic.
oblltesco -till, 3. (ob and latesco), to hide,
conceal oneself; ;i nost.ro aspectn, Cic.
oblivlo -onis, f. (obliviscor), forgetfulness,
oblivion ; laudem alicnins ab oblivlone atque a
silentio vindicai-e, Cic; dare aliquid oblivioni,
ta limy in. ulilirian, Liv. ; in oblivionem negiitii
wnirc, to forget, Cic.
oblivlosus -a -um (oblivio), 1, oblivious,
forgetful, Cic; 2, causing forgetfulness ; Mas-
sii'iiui, Hor.
obliviscor, oblitus sum, 3. dep. (perhaps
from oblino), to forget. I. Lit., with genit., tcm-
portun suornin, Cic; with ace. of thing, injn-
riiis, Cic; with inlin., ne obliviscar vigilare, Cic;
with ace airl infin., obliviscor Hosciiim et Clu-
vimn virus esse primaries, Cic. II. Transf., to
forget, lose sight of; consuetudinis suae, Cic ; ob-
Hvisci sui, to forget oneself, Cic.
obliViUm -ii, n. (obliviscor), usually plur.,
forgetfulness ; agerc oblivia laudis, to forget, Ov.
oblongus -a -tun, rafter long, oblong, Liv.
obloquor -qnfltus (-eutus) sum, 3. dep. I.
to Speak against, gainsay, contradict, interrupt :
I, gen., alicni, Cic ; 2, esp., a, to blame, Tac. ;
b, (o chide, Cat. II, to join in singing, to uc-
company ; non avis obloqnitiir, Ov.
obluctor, 1. dep. to struggle against, strive
against ; genibus adversae arenae, Verg.
obmolior, 4. dep. I, to build or pile against
(a3 a defence); nee in promptu erat quod ob-
molirentur, Liv. II. to obstruct, block up, Liv.
obmurmuro, 1. to murmur against or at ;
precious, Ov.
obmutesco -mtttai, 3. I. Lit., A. to become
dumb, become- speechless with astonishment, etc ;
vocem mittenti non et linguam obmutuisse et
manum obtorpuissc, Cic B. = to be silent ; ego
neqne Antonium verbum facere patiar et ipse
obmutescam, Cic II. Transf., to erase; dolor
animi obnmtnit, Cic
obnatus -a -um (*obnascor), growing on;
obnata ripis salicta, growing on the bank, Liv.
obnitor -nbcus (-nisns) sum, 3. dep. to push
against, press against. I. Lit., taurus arboris
obnixus trunco, Verg. ; scutis corporibusque
ipsis obnixi, Liv. II. Transf., to strive against,
oppose ; consilio or manu hostibus, Tac
obnixe, adv. (obnixus, from obnitor), with
all one's might, with all one's strength, Ter.
obnixus -a -um, p. adj. (from obnitor), stead-
fast,Jirm, unyielding, Liv.
obnoxie (obnoxius). I. culpably, Plant.
II. slavishly, servilely, submissively ; sententias
dicere, Liv.
obnoxiOSUS -a -um (obnoxius), submissive,
compliant, Plant.
obnoxius -a -uin (ob and noxn). I. liable to
punishment; hence, guilty of any rrime, vice,
etc. ; animus neqne delicto neque lubidini ob-
noxius, Sail. ; pecuniae debitae, indebted, Liv.
II. A. subject, obedient, compliant; 1, lit.,
subject! atque obnoxii vobis, Liv. ; 2, a, de-
pendent upon ; lnna rndiis fratris obnoxia, Verg ;
b, slavish, servile, submissive ; pax obnoxia.
Liv. B. subject to, exposed, to, obnoxious to;
nrbores quae frigoribus obnoxiae sunt, Liv. ;
obnoxinm est, it is dangerous, Tac.
obnubo -nupsi -nuptnin, 3. to cover; comas
amictii, Verg. ; caput, ap. Cic.
obnuntiatio -onis, f. (obnuntio), in the
language of augurs, the announcement of an evil
omen, Cic
obnuntio, 1. in the language of augurs, to
announce, report an unfavourable omen; consnli,
Cic.
oboed . . . v.-obed . . .
oboleo -iii, '2. to smell of anything, emit an
odour. Plant.
obolUS -i, m. (oJSoAck), a Greek coin, in value
one-si. it it of a drachma, rather more than 1 Id.
Knglish, Tor.
oborior -ortns sum -oriri, fn arise, appear;
helium, lav.; vide quanta lux liberalitatis et
sapientiae tuae mihi apud te dicenti oboriatur,
Cic.
obp ... v. opp . . .
obrepo •repsi -rep turn, 3. to creep, to craxvl
to. I. Lit., ap. Cic II. Transf., to come up
silently and unexiiectedly, steal on imperceptibly,
come on by surprise; senectna adolescentiae
obrepit, Cic. ; nd honores, Cic. ; imagines ob-
repunt in animos donnientiuni, Cic.
obr
374
obs
dbreptus (partic. of obripio), surreptitious.
obretio, 4. (ob ami rote), to catch in a net,
Lucr,
obrigesco -rTgiii, S. to become stiff nr frozen,
to freeze; nive pruinaque, Cic.
Obrlmas -ae, m. « rfrer in Phrygia,
obrogo, 1. to amend or repeal a fciw ?>;/
another ; obrogare legibus Caesnris, Cic
obl'uo -rui -rftturaj fut. partic -rfiiturus, ii. to
rover over, rover with earth, clotlits, etc., to bury.
I. Lit., A. se arenS, Cic ; thesaurum, Cic;
obruere aliquem rivum, Sail. B. to overload ;
se vino, Cic. II. Transf., A. testem omnium
risus obruit, overwhelmed, Cic. ; obrui a re
aiieno, plunged in debt, Cic; obrutus crimiuibus,
Cic. B. i, to overwhelm, burn, ruin, consign to
oblivion; ut adversa quasi perpetuS oblivione
obruamns, Cic. ; Marius talis viri interitu sex
suos obruit ronsulatus, obscured. the 'fame of his
six consulships, Cic; 2, to surpass, eclipse;
fauiam alicuiu.s, Tac.
obrussa -ae, f. (6f}pv£or), the essaying of gold
b y fire, Suet. ; fig., adhibenda tamquani obrussa
ratio, as a test, Cic
obsaepio -saepsi -saeptum, 4. to fence round,
inclose, to block up, render access impossible. I.
Lit., hostium agmina obsaepiunt iter, Liv. II.
Fig., plebi iter ad curules magistrates, Liv.
ObS&turo, 1. to satisfy, Tor.
obscoene (obscene), adv. (obscoenns), im-
pnrely, lewdly, immodestly, obscenely, Cic
obscoemtas (obscenitas) -atis, f. (obs-
coenus), impurity, foulness, lewdness, obscenity;
verborum, Cic
obscoenns (obscenus) -a -nm (ob and
roenuin). I. repulsive, Jil thy, disgusting, offensive ;
voluoros, the Harpies, Vevg. ; risus, Ov. II.
Transf., A. morally disgusting, impure, lewd,
foul, obscene ; voluptatos, Cic. ; adultorium, Ov. ;
jocandi genus, Cic B. ill-omened, unpropitious ;
volucrcfj, owls, Verg.
obscuratio -5nis, f. (obscuro), on obscuring,
darkening ; solis, Cic; fig., Cic.
obscure, adv. (obscurus). I. darkly, Cic
II. a, of discourse, obscurely, unintelligibly ;
disserere, Cic; b, covertly, secretly, nnobservedly ;
illiquid non obscure ferre, Cic
obscuritas -atis, f. (obscurus). I. darkness,
obscurity ; latebrarum, Tac.; lucis, Liv. II. Fig.,
a, of discourse, obscurity, unintelligibleness, want
of perspicuity ; oratio quae lumen adhibere rebus
debet, ca obscuritatem aft'ert, Cic. ; verborum,
Cic; in ea obscuritate et dubitatione omnium,
Cic. b, of condition, obscurity, low birth and
station, Cic'
obscuro, 1. (obscurus). I. to make dark,
darken, obscure. A. Lit., obscuratur luce solis
lumen lucernae, Cic ; caelum nocte atque nubi-
bus ohseuratum, Sail. B. a, of discourse, to
makedark, indistinct, unintelligible; aliquid dic-
e.ndo, to pronounce indistinctly, Vie; b, to make
obscure, keep in obscurity, rouse, to be forgotten ;
fortuna res celebrat obscuratqne, Sail. ; eoram
memoria obscurata est, Cic II. Transf., to
conceal, hide; magnitudinem periculi, Cic
obscurus -a -urn (perhaps for obscutaus
connected with occult us). I. dark, obscure; 1,
lit, lucus, Verg. ;nox, Verg. ; subst., obscurum
-i, n. darkness; sub obscuriun noctis, Verg.;
applied to persons, ibant obscui'i, in the dork,
Verg. ; 2, lig., a, of discourse or a writer, ob-
scure, unintelligible, indistinct; Ho.raelitns ob-
scurus, Cic ; brevis esse laboro, obscurus fio,
Hor. ; b, unknown, obscure, not celebrated; Pom-
peius lnunili atque obscuro loco natus, of humble
origin, Cic II. Transf., A. dark, insecure;
obseura spe et caeca exspectatione, Cic B.
concealed, hidden; 1, lit., locus, Liv.; 2, tig.,
of character, secret, reserved, close ; homo, (lie. ;
odi.lll), Cic.
obsecratio -onis, f. (obseero). I. an em nest
entreaty, supplication, adjuration ; obsecratione
hnm.'li ac supplici uti, Cic. II. a public pruyer
or supplication ; obsecratio a populo duumriria
praeeuntibus facta, Liv.
obs*ecro, l.(oband sacro), tobeseech carm -tig,
implore, adjure, entreat; aliquem mult-is lacrimis,
Cic. ; obseero te, ut id facias, Cic. ; te hoe ut,
etc., Cic ; esp'., as a polite phrase, pray ; Attica,
obsecm te, quid agit, Cic
obsecundo, 1. to be subservient to, compliant
with, fall in with ; voluntatibus alicuius, Cic
obsepio = olisacpifi (q.v.).
obsequela -ac, f. (nbseqnor), enmpliancr,
yielding, Plant.
obsequens -cutis, p. adj. (from obseqnor),
I, compliant, yielding, obedient ; patri, Ter. ; 2,
esp., an epithet applied to the gods, favourable,
gracious, Plant.
obsequenter, adv. (obsequens), compliantly,
obediently ; liaec facere, Liv.
obsequentia -ae, f. (obsequens) yielding,
compliance, complaisance, Caes.
obsequiosus -a -nm (obseqninm), com-
pliant, yielding, obsequious, Plant.
obsequium -It, n. (obseqnor), compliance,
complaisance, deference to others, submission, ob-
sequiousness. I. Gen., Cic.; ventris, gluttony.
Hoi'. ; transf., of inanimate objects, fleotitur
obsequio curvatus ab arbore ramus, Ov. II.
obedience ; obsequium erga aliquem exuere,
Tac.
obsequor -cntus (-quiitus) sum, 3. dep. I.
to comply with, humour, gratify, obey; tibi rog-
anti, Cic; nequc, uti de M. Pompilip referrent,
senatni obsequebantur, Liv. II. Transf., to give
oneself up to anything ; tempestati, Cic; alicuius
voluntati, Cic
1. obsero, 1. to bolt, bar, fasten ; plobis
aedificiis obseratis, Liv. ; transf., aures, BTor.
2. obsero -sen -situm, ". to sow, plant ;
terram frugibus, Cic. Partic, obsitus -a -uin,
sown with, i.e., full of, covered with; obsita pomis
rura, Ov. ; vestis obsita squalore, Liv.; legati
obsiti squalore et sordibus, Liv.
observans -antis, p. adj., with compar. and
superl. (obscrvo), attentive, respectful ; observ-
antissimns mei, Cic
observantia -ae, f. (observans), respect,
esteem, attention ; observantia est, porquam aetal e,
nut, sapientia, nut honore, aut nliqua dignitatis
antcccdeiites veremuret colimus, Cic ; in regem,
Liv.
observatlO -onis, f.(observo), 1, an observing,
observation ; siderum, Cic ; 2, care, accuracy,
exactness, circumspection ; summaerat ibservati<»
in bello movendo, Cic.
observator -oris, in. (obscrvo), an observer,
watcher, PI in.
observito, 1. (intens. of observo), to watch,
observe diligently; motus stcllarum, Cic.
observo, 1. to watch, observe, regard, attend
to. I. occupationem alicuius, Cic. ; tempus
epistolae alien i reddendae, to watch for, Cic.
II. A. t" watch, guard, keep; grogos, Ov. B.
to keep, "hey, regard, observe a law, rule, precept ;
leges, Cic ; praeceptum, Caes. ; observare ne,
with the subj., quod ne accidat observare nee
potest nee necesse est, Cic. C. to respecl,£stcenu
prize, honour; me ut alterum patrem, Cie.
obs
375
obs
obses -sidis, c. (obaud sedeo). I. a hostage ;
obsides accipere, dare, Caes. II. a surety,
■security, pledge; seque eius rei obsidein fore,
pollicitus est, that he would be surety for that
thing, Ney». ; obsides dare, to gicc security, with
ace. and inlin., Cic.
obsesalo -onis, f. (obsideo), a blockade, sieye,
encompassing ; viae, Cic.
obsessor -oris, m. (obsideo), one who sits or
remains a long time in a place ; 1, gen., vivarum
obsessor aquarum (of the water-snake), Ov. ; 2,
esp., one who besieges or blockades;- curiae, Cic. ;
Luceriae, Liv.
obsideo -sedi -sessnin, 2. (ob ami sedeo).
I. Intransit., tqjsit doion, remain' any where, Ter.
II. Transit., A. to sit, remain- in or on, haunt,
frequent a place, Plin. B. 1, lit., to blockade,
besiege, beset ; omnes aditus, Cic. ; totam Italiam,
Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to occupy, fill ; corporibns
omnia obsidetur locus, every place is filled, Cic. ;
b, to be on the look-out for, watch for an oppor-
tu n ity ; jacere humi ad obsidendum stuprum, Cic.
obsidio -onis, f. (obsideo), a blockade, siege.
A. Lit., obsidione urbes capere, Cic. ; obsidione
solvere or eximere, to raise the siege of a place,
Liv. B. Transf., pressing danger ; rempublicam
liberare obsidione, Cic.
obsidionalis -e (1. obsidium), of or relating
to a blockade, siege ; corona, the honorary crwuil
of grass given to the. commander who had raised a
siege, Liv.
1. obsidium -ii, n. (obsideo), a blockade,
siege, besetting. I. Lit., oeeupare obsidio Lace-
daemonis exercitum, Liv. Ii. Fig., danger,
Plant.
.2. obsidium -Ii, n. (obses), the coMiiion of
a hostage, Tac
obsido -8§di -sessuni, 3. to blockade, besiege,
invest, environ; ponteni, Sail. ; milite campos,
Yerg.
obsignator -f>ri.s, m, (obsigno), one who
seals, a sealer; literarum, Cic; esp., a witness
who puts his seal to a will; testamenti, Cic.
Obsigno, 1. I. to seal. A. Gen., epistolam,
Cic. B. Esp., 1, of a witness, to sign and seal
a document; prov., agere cum aliquo tabellis
obsignatis, to deal with any one in, strict form
of law, Cic; 2, to seal an accusation against
any one; contra Scaurum patrem suuni, Cic
II. to stamp, impress; formam verbis, Lucr.
obsisto -stiti, 3. 1, to stand, place oneself
before or in the way of; alicui abeunti, Liv. ; 2,
to oppose, withstand, resist ; omnibus eius con-
siliis, Cic. ; alicui obsistere, foil, by quominus
and the subj., Cic. Partic, obstitus -a -urn
(in the language of the augurs) = struck with
lightning, Cic. ...
obsitus -a -mn, partic. of 2. obsero (q.v.).
obsolefacio -feci -factum, 3. (obsoleo and
faoio), to wear out, degrade, corrupt, make com-
mon; obsoleflebant dignitatis insignia, Cic
obsolesco -levi -letum, 3. (obs and olco), to
pass away by degrees, decay, wear out, full into
disuse, lose value; oratio, Cic. ; vectigal, Cic.
obsolete, adv. (obsoletus), poorly, meanly;
obsoletius vestitus, shabbily dressed, Cic.
obsoletus -a -um (partic. of obsolesco), worn
out, decayed; 1, lit., vestitu obsoletiore, Cic;
obsoletus Thessalonieam venisti, dressed in old
clothes, Cic. ; verba, obsolete, Cic ; 2, common,
everyday; crimina, Cic. ; oratio, ordinary, Cic.
obsonium -ii, n. (6\l/iouiov), that which is
eaten with bread, e.g., vegetables, fruit, and esp.
fish, Hor.
I obsono and obsonor, 1. dep.' (l^uveu), |
to buy for the kitchen, purvey; 1, lit., Plant.; fig.,
ambulando famem, to buy the sauce of hunger,
Cic. ; 2, to give a feast, Ter.
2. obsono, 1. to interrupt a person speakinn,
Plaut.
obsorbeo -Mil, 2. to swallow, gulp down,
Plant.. y
Obstetrlx -ieis, f. (obsto), o midwife, Hor.
obstinate, adv. with compar. and super!,
(obstinatus), resolutely, persistently, obstinately ;
negare, Caes. ; credere, Liv.
obstinatio -omii' f. (obstino),' "resolution,
persistence, firmness, obstinacy; sententiae, Cic.
obstinatus -a -um, p. adj. (from obstino),
firmly resolved, persistent, firm, obstinate; ob-
stinatior voluntas, Cic. ; adversus obstinatior
lacrimas muliebres, Liv. ; ad decertandum ob-
stinati mori, Liv.
obstino, 1. (ob and sto), to persist in, be
resolved on anything ; Avith infin., obstinaverant
animis aut vincere aut mori, Liv.
obstipesco == obstupes.co (q.v.).
obstipus -a -\\m, leaning to either side (opp.
rectus); caput, Cic; cervix, thrown back (said
of a haughty person), Suet. ; caput, bent or bowed
down, Hor.
obsto -stlti -stat finis, 1. I. to stand at, before,
against, Plant. II. to stand inop)>osition to, to
oppose, resist, hinder, obstruct. ; with dat., alicui,
Cic; vita cetera eonnn hide sceleri ' obstat,
stands in opposition to, is inconsistent with, Sail. ;
with quin, quominus, ne and tha subj., quia
obstat, quominus sit beat us? Cic; ea ne iin-
pedirent tribuni, dictatoris obstitit metus, Liv.
Partic subst., obstantia, neut. plur., hin-
drances, obstacles, impediments, Tac
obstrepo -strepfii -strepltuin, 3. I. to make
a noise, clamour at or against; nihil sensere
Poeni obstrepente pluvia, Liv. ; with dat.,
fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus,
Hor. ; obstrepunt portis, Liv. ' IL 1, to disturb,
interrupt a speaker by clamour; alicui, Cic ;
impers., decern viro obstrepitur, Liv.; 2, to
disturb, molest; tibi Uteris, Cic.
obstringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to bind to,
fasten to, tie to, to bind -up, tie fast, keep bouml.
A. ventos, Hor. B. Fig., 1, to bind, fetter,
entangle, put under an obligation ; jurejurando,
to bind by an oath, Caes. ; niiquem legibns, Cic ;
benehcio obstrictus, Cic; 2, to entangle, in-
volve; aliquem aere alieno, to entangle in debt,
Cic. ; se parricidio; se scelere, to be guilty of,
Cic
obstructio -onis, f. (obstruo), a hindrance,
obstruction, Cic.
obstrudo = obtrudo (q.v.).
obstruo -struxi -struct um, 3. I. to build
against, build before; pro diruto novum uiurum,
Liv. ; luininibus alicuius, to block up the light,
build before the windows, Cic. II. to build it]',
block up, close ; a, portas, Caes. ; aditus, Cic. ; iter.
Poenis (to the Carthaginians) vel corporibns snis,
Cic ; b, lig., obstrncre perfngia lmproborum,
Cic.
obstiipcfacio -feci -factum, to bewilder,
astound, stupefy, to render ■ senseless, benumb;
pass., obstupef lO -factus sum -fieri, to be 'be-
wildered, amazed ; ipso iniracnio andaciae ob-
stupefeeit host-es, Liv. ; obstupefactis hominibus
ipsa admiratione, Cic
obstupesco -stfipfti (-stlpul), fc" to become
senseless, be stupefied, to be astounded, ammed ;
qniim eorum aspect u obstipuisset bubulcus,
Cic.
obsum, obf ili (offiii) -esse, to be in the way,
hinder, impede, injure, be prejudicial to; with
obs
376
obu
dat., obsilnt auctoribus artes, Ov. ; obest Clodii
ludra Jliloni, Cic; non or nihil obest with
liilin., nihil obest dicere, Cic.
ObSUO -siii -siitnin, 3. 1, to sew on ; caput,
Ov. ; 2, to dose up, stop vp ; spiritus oris obsu-
itur, Verg.
obsurdeSCO -dfll, S. to become deaf, to he.
deaf ; 1, lit., hoc sonitu oppletae aures hominum
obsiirduerunt, Cic. ; 2, to be deaf to warnings,
etc., not to give, ear to, Cic.
obtego -texi -tectum, 3. 1, to cover, protect ;
se serrorum et libortorumcorporibus, Cic. ; earn
partem castroram vineis, Cues. ; 2, to cover,
conceal, hule, keep secret ; vitia multis virtutibus
obtecta, Cic.
obtemperatfo -5nis, f. (obtempero), com-
pliance, obedience; legibus, Cic.
obtempero, 1. to obey, comply with, conform
to, submit to ; alicui,Cic; iniperiopopuliRomani,
Caes. ; ut ad verba nobis obediant, ad id, quod
ex verbis intelligi possit, obtemperent, Cic.
obtendo -tendi -tentum, 3. I. to stretch
before, sp read before ; 1, pro vironebiilam, Verg.;
poet., obtenta nocte, under the shelter of night,
Verg. ; obtendi = to lie before, be over against ;
Britannia Germaniae obtenditur, Tac. ; 2, to put
forward as an excuse, plead, allege ; matris preces,
Tac. ; valetudinem corporis, Tac. II. to cover,
conceal, hide; diem nube atra, Tac. ; fig., quasi
velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cuiusque
natnra, Cic.
1. obtentus -us, in. (obtendo), 1, lit., a
stretching or spreading before; frondis, Verg. ; 2,
fig., a pretext, pretence, excuse; tempora reipub-
licae obtentni snmpta, taken as an excuse, Tac. ;
sub eius obtentu cognominis, Liv.
2. obtentus -a -urn, 1, partic. of obtineo ;
2, rnrtic of obtendo.
obtero -trivl -tritum, 3. to trample, crush;
1, lit., Cic. ; obtriti sunt phnes quam ferrn
necati, Liv. ; 2, transf,, to crush, annihilate, de-
stroy : calumninm, Cic. ; jura popnli, trample
■under foot, Liv. (syneop. plrtperh, obtrisset,
Liv.).
obtCStatlo -onis, f. (obtestor), 1, a solemn
inlling of God to witness, on adjuring in the name
of the gods; obtestatio et consecratio legis, Cic;
tna obtestatio tibicinis, Cic. ; 2, an earnest sup-
plication, vehement entreaty, Liv.
obtestor, 1. dep. I. to call to witness, pro-
test before some person or thing; deum homin-
umque /idem, Liv. II. 1, to adjure, implore,
entreat, supplicate in the name, of the gods; per
omnes deos te obtestor ut, etc., Cic. ; qua re
oro obtestorque vos, judices, no, etc., Cic. ; 2, to
assert solemnly; summaiu rempublicani agi ob-
testans, Tac.
obtexo -texiii -textum, 3. 1, to weave on,
weave over, Plin. ; 2, to cover ; coelumqueobtex-
itur umbra, Verg.
obticeo, 2. (nD and taceo), to be silent, Ter.
obtlcesco -cili, 3. (obticeo), to become quiet,
grow silent, Ilor.
ObtigO = obtego (q. v.).
obtineo -tlni'ii -tentum, 2. (ob and teneo).
I. to hold with the luinds; obtine aures, Plant.
II. to hold, possess, keep possession of, occupy. A.
suam domum, Cic. ; vada custodiis, Cic. ; citer-
iorein ripain armis, Liv. B. Transf., to hold,
occupy; principem locum, to hold the chief place,
Caes. ; secundum dignitatis ioeuin, Caes. ; nu-
merum deorum, to be among the number of the
gods, Cic. III. A. to maintain, hold firmly ;
pontem, Liv. ; hereditatem, Cic. B. Transf.,
a, jus suum contra aliquem, Cic. ; causam, to
carry one's point, Cic. ; ahsol., obtinuit, with
ut and the subj., he carried his point that, etc.,
Liv.; b, to maintain an assertion; duas con-
trarias sententias, Cic. IV. a, to keep, observe ;
silentiiiin, Cic. ; vitam, Cic. ; lex quae in con-
viviis Graecorum obtinebatur, Cic. ; b, reflex.,
to obtain, be held; pro vero, Sail.
obtingo -tigi, 3. (ob and tango), to fall to the
lot of any one, to happen, befall; a, quod cuique
obtigit, is quisque teueat, Cic. ; si quid inilii ob-
tigerit, if anything should happen to me, if }
should die, Cic. ; b, esp. as polit. t.t., of tlit
casting of lots for public offices, alicui soi te ob-
tingit provincia aquaria, Cic.
obtorpesco -torpiii, 3. to become stiff, numb,
torpid, insensible; et linguam obmutuissc et
manum obtorpuisse, Cic. ; maims prae metu,
Liv. ; obtorpuerunt animi, Liv. «
obtorquco -torsi -tortum, 2. to turn or twist
towards, to turn round, wrench, twist, round
(usually found in partic. perf.); obtorta gula in
vincnla abripi jnssit, Cic
obtrectatio -onis, f. (obtrecto), envious
dispamgement, detraction; obtrectatio est aegri-
tudo ex eo, quod alter quoque potiatur eo, quod
ipse concupiverit, Cic. ; laud is, Caes.
obtrectator -oris, in. (obtrecto), an envious
detractor, disparager; obtreetatores et invidi
Bcipionia, Cic
obtreeto, 1. (ob and tracto), to disparage,
detract from, enviously decry, to oppose, thwart,
injure any one; with dat., alicui, Cic ; gloriae
alicuius, Liv. ; inter se, Nep. ; legi alicuius,
Cic; with ace, eius laudes, Liv.
cbtrudo (obstrudo) -triisi -triisum, 1, to
gulp down, swallow down, Plant. ; 2, a, to
thrust, force, obtrude anything uponone; virginein
alicui, Ter. ; b, to cover ; obstrusa carbasa pullo,
edged with, Ov.
obtrnnco, 1. to cut down, rut in pieces, slay ;
regem, Liv.
obtiieor 2. dep. to look at, ga-e at, see, be-
hold, Plant.
obtundo -tfidi -tiisnm, 3. I. to beat upon,
thump; os mini, Plant. II. to make dull by
striking. A. Lit., telum, Lucr. B. Transf., 1,
to make blunt, dull, render obtuse, weaken ; oh-
tnndere aures, to din into a person's ears ; obtud-
erunt eius aures te socium praetoris fuissp, Cic ;
obtundere vocem, of orators, to speak hoarsely,
Cic ; ingenia, to make dull, Cic ; 2, to weary;
aliquem longis epistolis, Cic.
obturbo, 1. I. A. to disturb, make turbid;
aquam, Plin. B. to disturb, put into confusion,
perturb ; ltostes, Tac II. Transf., A. to deafen,
stun; a, with shouts, obturbabatur militum voc-
ibus, Tac. ; b, mentally, me scriptio et literae
non leniunt sed obturbant, distract, Cic. B. to
disturb, break in upon; solitudinem, Cic.
obturgesoo -tarsi, 3. to swell up, Lucr.
obturo, l. to stop up. I. Lit., ens partes
(corporis) obstructas et obturatas esse dicebat,
Cic II. Transf., alicui aures, to refuse to listen,
Hor.
obtusus -a -uii), p. adj. (from obtundo),
blunt. I. Lit., pugio, Tac II. Transf., a, dark-
ened, dulled ; neque turn stellis acii's obtusa
videtur, Verg. ; b, of the intellect, dulled,
blunted ; cuius animis obtusior sit acies, Cic;
C, of feeling, insensible; ppctora, Verg.'; d, weak
powerless, Verg.
obtutUS -us, m. (obtueor), a looking at, be.
holding, look, gaze ; ocnlorum, Cic. ; dum stupet
obtutuque haeret deflxus in uno, Verg.
obumbro, 1. to overshadow. I. Lit., hum-
inn, to darken; aethera telis, Verg. II. Fig.,
1, to obscure, overcloud; nuinqnam obscura
obu
377
occ
nomina, etsi aliquando obumbrentur, Tac. ; 2,
to conceal, protect, cover; erroris sub imagine
crimen, Oy.
obuncus -a -urn, bent inwards, hooked in-
wards; rostrum, Verg.
ormstus -a -urn (ob and uro), burnt, hard-
ened in the fire; sudes, Verg.; transf., gleba
obusta (pinched) gelu, Ov.
obvallo, 1. to surround with a wall, wall
round ; lig., locus omui ratione obvallatus, Cic.
obvenio -veni -ventum, 4. I. to come in the
way of, to meet ; se in tempore pugnae obvent-
urum, Liv. II, Transf., a, to fall in the way of,
occur to, liappen ; vitiuni obvenit consuli, Liv. ;
id obvenit vitium quod, etc., Liv. ; b, to fall to,
fall to the lot of; ei sorte provinuia obveuit, Cic.
obversor, 1. dep. to move up and down
before ; apjiear before, be before, go about, show
oneself. A. Lit., caatris, Liv. ; Appio in somnis
eadem obversata species, appeared, Liv. B.
Transf., sed mihi ante oculos obversatur rei-
publicac dignitas, hovers before my eyes, Cic.
obversus -a -um (partic. of obverto), turned
towards ; in agmen utrumque, Ov.
obverto (-vorto) -verti (-vorti) -versum (-vor-
sum), 3. to turn towards, tivist towards, direct
towards. I. Act., arcus in aliquem, Ov. ; proras
pelago, Verg. II. Middle, obverti, to turn to-
wards. A. Lit., a, gen., in hostein, Liv. ; b,
esp., to oppose; profligatis obversis, theopponents
being scattered, Tac. B. Transf., niilite ad
sanguinem et caedes obverso, Tac.
• obviam, adv. in the way, on the way ; hence,
towards, against, to meet in a friendly or hostile
manner; obviam alicui ire or prodire or pro-
cedere, Cic. ; obviam alicui fieri, Cic. ; obviam
venire, to come to meet, Cic. ; obviam ire alicui
rei, to oppose, Cic. ; cupiditati hominum, Cic.
obvius -a -um (ob and via), in the way,
■meeting. I. Lit., obvius esse alicui, Cic. ;
dare se obviuin alicui, to meet, Liv. ; obvias mihi
literas mittas, Cic, ; subst., obvios percunctari,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, exposed to; funis ventoruin,
Verg. ; 2, ready at hand; testes, Tac. ; 3, affable,
courteous, easy of access ; cuinitas, Tac.
obvolvo -volvi -vdlutuiii, 3. to roll up, wrap
up, cover all round ; capitc obvoluto, with head
muffled up, Cic. J transf., verbisque decoris ob-
voivas vitium, Hor.
occaeco, 1. (oband caeco). I. Lit., to make
blind, to blind; a, lit., occaecatus pulverc effuso
hostis, Liv. ; b, transf., occaecati cupiditate,
Cic. II. to darken, overcloud; a, lit., densa
caligo occaeeaverat diem, to hide from sight; b,
transf. , to make obscure, unintelligible; obscura
narratio tutam occaecat orationeni, Cic. III.
to conceal, make invisible; semen, Cic.
occallesco -calliii, 3. (ob and calleo), to
become thick-skinned ; 1 lit., Ov. ; 2, transf., to
become insensible, unfeeling, Cic.
occano -caniii, 3. (ob and cano), to Won',
sound; cornua tubasque, Tac.
occasio -onis, f. (from occasum, supine of
occido), a favourable moment, opportunity, oc-
casion. I. Gen., occasionein nancisci, Cic. ;
arripere, Liv.; amittere, Cic. ; dimittere, Caes. ;
occasione data, when an opportunity is offered,
Cic. ; ut primum occasio data est, as soon as an
opportunity offered, Cic; per occasionem, on a.
favourable opportunity, Liv,; quaercre crimin-
andorum patrum occasiones, Liv. II. an op-
portunity to make a coup-de-main; occasionis
gssc rem, non proelii, Caes.
1. occasus -a -um, partic. of occido.
2, ogcasus -us, m. (oeqdo), (}fc setting of (h,e
heavenly bodies. A. Lit., 1, solis, Caes.; 2,
the west; ab occasu, Verg. B. Transf., fall,
destruction, end, death ; occasus interitusque rei-
publicae, Cic. ; occasus noster, exile, Cic.
occatio -onis, f. (occo), a harrowing, Cic.
occedo -cessi -cessuin, 3. (ob and cedo), to
go to, go towards, meet ; in conspectuin alicuius,
Plaut.
occento, 1. (ob and canto), 1, to sing to, ting
a serenade to, Plaut. ; 2, to sing a lampoon or
pasquinade against any one, Cic.
occidens -entis, in. (lit., partic. of occido,
sc. sol), tlie evening, the west, Cic.
ocoidio -onis, f. (occido), complete slaughter,
extermination, utter destruction ; occidione occid-
cre, to destroy utterly, slay to the last man, Cic. ;
occidione occumbere, to be slain to tlie last man,
Tac.
1. occido -cidi -cisum, 3. (ob and caedo).
I. to knock down, beat to the ground ; Ctesipho
me pugnis occidit, Ter. II. to kill, slay. A.
Lit., L. Virginius filiain suS, manu occidit, Cic. ;
ipse fortissiine pugnans occiditur, Caes. B. to
pla.gue to death, to torture, annoy, torment; rog-
ando, legendo, Hor.
2. occido -cidi -ciXsuni, 3. (ob and cado). I.
to fall, fall down ; alia sigua do coelo ad terrain
occidunt, Plaut. II. A. Of the heavenly bodies,
to set ; sol occidit, Liv. ; ab orto usque ad occid-
entem solem, from tlie cast to the west, Liv.
B. to die, perish; 1, lit., in bello, Cic; sua
dextra, to die by one's own hand, Verg. ; 2,
transf., to perish, be ruined ; sin plane occidiinus,
Cic. ; ornatus mundi occidat, Cic. ; spes occidit,
Hor.
oocidiius -a -um (occido). I. setting; a,
lit., sol, Ov. ; b, meton., western, westerly, Ov.
II. Transf., approaching death, near to dissolu-
tion, Ov.
oocino -ceclni and -cinui, 3. (ob and cano), to
sing or chirp inauspiciously, to croak; si occin-
uerit avis, Liv.
occiplo -cepi -ceptum, 3. (ob and cajno).
I. In transit., to begin; a meridie nebula
occepit, Liv. II. Transit., A. to begin, commence;
quae.stuni, Ter.; with infill., reguare occepit,
Liv. B. to enter on ; limgistratuin, Liv.
OCCipitlum -li, n. (occiput), the back of the
head, occiput, Plaut.
occiput -itis, n. (ob and caput), the back of
the head, Pers.
occisio -onis, f. (occido), a slaying, killing,
murdering, slaughter; parentis, Cic.
occisor -oris, m. (occido), a slayer, murderer,
Plaut._
occisus -a -uin, p. adj. (from occido), ruined,
unfortunate; occisissimus sum omnium qui viv-
unt, Plaut
occludo -clusi -clusum, 3. (ob and claudo). I.
to shut up, close up ; tabernas, Cic. II. to restrain,
keep in ; furax servus, cui nihil sit obsignatuui
nee occlusum, Cic.
occlusus -a -um, partic. of occludo.
occo, 1. to harrow; poet., segetein, to till,
Hor.
occoepi -isse = occipio (q. v.).
occubo. 1. (ob and cubo), to lie down, esp.,
to rest in the grave; ad tumuium, quo maximus
occubat Hector, Verg.
OCCUlCO, 1. (ob and calco), to trample, trend
in, trample down ; occulcarc signa ordinesquc (of
elephants), Liv.
occulo -ciilui -cultum, 3. (ob and root CUL,
whence also cucullus), to corer (esp. for the
purpose of hjdjng), to hide, conrcid ; nliquem,'
occ
378
oct
Liv.; vulnera, Cic. ; transf., puncta argument-
oruui, Cic. .
occultatio -onis, f. (oeculto), a hiding, con-
cealing, concealment ; oceultatione se tutari, Cic.
occultator -oris, m. (oeculto), a hiJcr, con-
cealer ; latronum, Cic.
occulte, adv. (occultus), secretly, in secret,
privately ; latere, Cic. ; dicere, obscurely, Cic, .
oeculto, 1. (intens. of occulo), to hide, con-
ceal ; se latebris, Cic. ; transf., flngitia, Cic.
occultus -a -urn, p. adj. (from occulo), secret,
hidden, concealed, private. I. Adj., A, Lit;,
occultissimus exitus, Liv. - B. Transf., occultior
cupiditas, Cic. ; of persons, secret, close, reserved;
si me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, Cic.
II. Subst., a. occulta -drum, m. secret things,
secrets, Cic. ; 13, in adv. expressions, in oeculto,
Cic, per occultum, Tac., ex oeculto, secretly,
Cic.
occumbo -cflbfti -cubltum, 3. (ob and enmbo),
to fall down, sink down ; usually, to fall down in
death, to die ; mortem, to die, Cic. ; poet., morti,
Verg. ; or simply occumbere, aut occubuissem
honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus, Cic.
occupatlo -onis, f. (occupo). I. a seizing,
taking possession of, occupation ; fori, Cic. II.
a business, employment, occupation ; occupationes
reipublicae, Caes. ; maximis oceupationibus im-
pediri, distineri, Cic. •
occupatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from occupo),
busy, engaged, occupied,; in apparando bello, Cic.
OCCUpo, 1. (ob and capio), to take possession
of, occupy, lay hold of, seize. I. Lit., 1, totam
Italiam siiis praesidiis, Cic. ; tyrannidem, Cic. ;
poet., aliquem amplexu, to embrace, Ov. ; 2, to
fill, occupy with anything; Tyrrheimm marc
caeineutis, Hor. ; aream fimdnmentis, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, to fall upon, attack ; aliquem glndio,
Verg.; 2, to anticipate, to do anything first ;
with infin., occupant bellum facere, first begin
the war, Liv.; 3, to occupy, master ; pavoroccupat
animos, Liv. ; mentes Hiculorum occupat super-
stition Cic; 4, to make busy, engage, occupy, Liv.;
5, to employ, occupy, to put out, invest money;
pocuniam grandi fenore, Cic.
occurro -curri -cursum, 3. (ob and cuitu).
I. (o run to meet, hasten to meet. A. 1, lit.,
a, gen., Caesari venienti, Caes. ; b, csp., to fall
upon, attack ; duabus Iegionibus, Caes. ; 2,
transf., of things, to come, in the way of; in
aspe'ris locis silex saepe inipenetrabilis fe.no
ucvurrebat, Liv. B. Fig., a, to work against,
tipi*)sc, countcivd ; oiiinibus ems consiliis, Cic. ;
b. to come to the help of, assist '; vestrae sapi'entiae,
Cic II. A. to be present at, engage in ; neutri
proelio, Liv.; negotiis, Cic. B. Fig., to meet
the eye, to come into the thoughts, to occur to any
one, to present itself, occur, Iiappen ; animo, cogi-
tationi, Cic ; in menteui, Cic.
occursatlo -onis, f. (oceurso), a going to
meet a person, attention, ojficiousness ; facilis est
illu occursatio et blanditia popularis, Cic.
oceurso, 1. (intens. of occurro). I. to ao to
meet, to meet. A. Lit, fugientibus, Tac. B. /<>
oppose; invidi, occursantes, factiosi, Sail. II.
to rush upon, fall upon, attack; occursat ocius
gladio, Caes.
OOCUrsus -us, in. (occurro), a meeting, a fall-
inn in with ; vacuae occursus hoiuiinini viae,
Liv. ; alieuius occursuin vitare, to avoid meeting
with any one, Tac.
Oceanus -i, m. ('Clxeavos), 1, the ocean, the
sea which encompasses the earth ; mare Oceanus,
Caes. ; 2, personified as a god, the husband
of Tethys and father of the Nymphs; hence
Oce&nitls -Wis, f, ada.ughicr of Oceanus, Verg.
oceilus -i, m. (dim. of oculus), a little eye,
Ov. ; fig., of something excellent, ocelli Italiae.
villulae nostrae, Cic.
ocior, ocius, adj. compar. (<1>kiwv), super!.
OCiSSimus (iokiotos), swifter, quicker, more
rapid ; ocior cervis, II or. ; ocior Euro, Hor.
ocius, adv. (= wKe'iot), superL ocissime,
more quickly, swiftly, rapidly ; facere, Cic. ; re-
creari, Cic. ;"serius, ocius, sors exitura, sooner or
later, Hor.
Ocuus -i, in. ("Oki'os), the founder of Mantua.
ocrea -ae, f. a metal greave y XeYg.
ocreatus -a -urn (ocrea), wearing the ocrea,
Hor.
Ocresia -ae, f. mother of Servius Tullius.
Ocriculum -i, n. a town in Umbria, on the'
Tiber, now Otricoli. Hence, adj., Ocricii-
lanus -a -tun, of or belonging to Ocriculum.
octaphoros = octophoros (q.v.).
Octavius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
Hence, adj., Octavianus -a -um, Octarian;
bellum, of Cn. Octavius with China, Cic. ; subst.,
Octavianus -i, m. name of the Emperor
Augustus aj'tcr his adojition into the gens Julia.
OCtavus -a -um (oeto), the eighth ; ager eflicit
cum octavo, bears eight-fold, Cic; adv., octavum,
for tlie eighth time, Liv. ; subst., octava -ae, f.
(so. hora), the eighth hour, Juv.
ootavusdecimus -a -um, the eighteenth,
Tac
octies, adv. (octo), eight times, Cic.
OCtingenariuS -a -um (oetingeni), consist-
ing of eight hundred, Varr.
octingentesimus -a -um (octingenti), the
eight hundredth, Cic.
octingenti -ae -a (octo and centum), eight
hundred, Cic.
OCtipes -pSdis (octo and pes), having eight
feet, Ov.
octo (bicTu>), eight, Cic
October -bris -bre, m. (ucto and suff. -brr),
belonging tothe number eight; a, mensis October,
the eighth month of the Roman year, reckoning
from March, October; b, belonging to tlte mouth
of October; Idus, Calendae, Cic.
octodecim, nunicr. (octo and deceiu),
eighteen, Liv.
octogenarius -a -uui (o.ctogeiri), containing
eighty, consisting of eighty, Pliii.
OCtogeni -ae -a, eighty each, Liv.
octogesimus -a-uro(octoginta)j tlieeightieih,
Cic
octogies, adv. eighty times, Cic.
octoginta, numer. eighty, Cic.
octojiigis -e (octo and juguin), yoked eight
together ; tiansf., octojuges ad imperia obtinenda
ire, eight together, Liv.
octonarius -a -um (octoni), consisting oj
eight, containing eight, Plin.
octoni -ae -a (octo), eight each, Cnes.
OCtdphCTOS -on (* oitTw^opo;), borne by four ;
lectica octophoro ferri, Cic. Subst., octo-
pbor8n -i, n. (1>ktw4>o(iov), a litter carried by
eight bearers, Cic
octuagies, octuaginta= octogies, octoginta
(q.V.).
octuplicatus -a -um (octuplus), increased
eight-fold, Liv.
OCtupluS -a -um (oktoitAoOs), eight-fold ;
pars, Cic Subst., octuplum -i, n. an eight-
fold i<enalty ; dnmiiavi octupli, CiCi
oct
379
Oen
octussis -is, in. (octo and as), eight asses,
Hor.
oculatus -<a -um (oeulus), having eyes; hence,
1, testis, an eye-witness, Plant. ; 2, catching the
eye, visible, Cic (!)
dculeus -a -urn (oeulus), having many eyes,
sharp-sighted ; Argus, 1'Iaut.
oeulus -i, in. (dim. of OC -us, connected
with ocrcrojaai, ocro-e), the eye. I. Lit., OCUloa
amitterc, to lose one's sight, Caes. ; cadere sub
oculis, Cic; esse in oculis, to be visible, Cic.; ante
oculos ponere, proponere oculis, to set. before one's
eyes, Cic. ; res posita in oculis, visible, Cic. ; ill
oculis, before one's eyes, in one's presence, Cic. ; in
oculis esse alicuius (alicui), to be loved by, Cic. ;
so also aliquem in oculis ferre, to esteem highly,
Cic. ; esse ante oculos, to be visible, Cic. II.
Transf., a, of something highly prized or excel-
lent, illos oculos orae marit'inae (Corinth and
Carthage) effodere, Cic. ; b, the spot upon a
panthers skin or a peacock's tail, 1'lin. ; c, ft biul
or eye of a plant, Verg.
odi, odisse, partic. fut., osfirus. I. to hate,
detest; aliquem accrue, _ Cic. II. to dislike, be
displeased with ; Persicos" apparatus, Hor, (perf.,
odivi, ap. Cic).
odiose, adv. (odiosus), hatefully, odiously,
Cic.
odiosus -a -um (odium), hateful, odious,
troublesome, irksome, vexatious, burdensome ; ora-
tor, tedious, Cic. ; verbum, Cic. ; cupidis return
talium odiosuin ct molestum est carere, it is
annoying, unpleasant, Cic.
odium -ii, n. (odi), hatred. I. Subject., a,
odium in omnes, Cic; odium mulicruiit, to-
irards women, Cic; Vestrum, towards you, Liv.;
in odium alicuius irruere, to become hated by
any one, Cic. ; odium est milii cum aliquo, I am
at enmity with, Cic. ; esse odio alicui, to be hated
by, Cic. ; in odio esse alicui or apud aliquem,
to Itc hated by, Cic. ; odium saturare, to satisfy
one's hatred, Cic. ; b, nieton., the object of hatred;
Antoiiius insigne odium omnium hominum,
Cic. II. Object., offensive conduct, expression of
luttred; odiu et strcpitu scuatiiH coactus est
perorarc, Cic.
odor and odos -Oris, ni. (6£w, <>fyi>j), » smell,
oilonr. I. 1, lit., Cic; csp., a, an. unpleasant
smell, stench, stink; camera incultn, tcnebris,
udore foeda, Ball.; b, re sweet smell, Verg. ; o,
steam, vttponr ; insoliUis, Liv.; 2, transf., a scent,
suspicion, inkling; presentiment ; dicta turae, Cic;
urbanitatis, Cic; suspiciunis, Cic II, Melon.,
ptrfunu, incense; and in plur., perfumery, un-
guents, spices ; incenderc odorcs, Cic
odoratio -onis, f. (odoror), a smelling, smell,
Cic
1. odoratus -us, in. (odor), 1, a smell,
smelling, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, the sense of smell,
Cic. ; b, an odour, Plin.
2. odoratus -a -um (odor), odorous, sweet-
smelling ; cedrus, Verg. ; capilli, Hor.
'3. odoratus -a -um, partic. of odoror.
odorifer -fifra -feruin (odor and fero), 1,
odoriferous, having a pleasant smell ; panacea,
Verg. ; 2, producing perfumes ; gens, Ov.
odoro, 1. (odor), to make odorous; odorant
atra fiiniis, Ov.
odoror, 1. dep. (odor). I. to smell; a, to
examine by smell; aliquid, Plant.; b, to scent,
smell ; cibum, Hor. II. Transf., a, to snuff' at,
■nose (as a dog); to aim at, aspire to; quos odorari
liunc decemviratum siispicamini, Cic. ; b, to
search into, truck out, investigate ; quid sentiant,
Cic. ; c, only to smell of, to have the slightest
smattering of ; uliilosophiam. Tac.
odorus -a -um (odor), 1, having a pleasant
smell, sweet-smelling, odorous ; tins, Ov. ; 2, keen.'
scented, tracking to/ smell; odora canum vis,
Verg.
odos = odor(q.v.).
Odrysao -arum, m. ('OSpv'crai), a people of
Thrace; hence, adj., Odrysius -a -um, poet.
= Thracian.
Odyssea -ae, f. ('OiWaeia), 1, the Odyssey,
a poem by Homer; 2, Odysseae portus, a pro-
mcAUory in the south of Sicily.
Oea -ae, f. a town in Africa, now Tripoli.
Hence, adj., Oeensis -e, of or belonging to Oea.
Oeagrus -i, in. (Otaypo?), a mythical king of
Thrace, father of Orpheus; hence, adj., Oeagrius
-a -um, poet. = Thracian.
Oebalus -i, in. (Oi/3a\os), a king of Sparta,
father of 1'yndarus, grandfather of Helen. Hence,
A. Ocballdes -ae, m. a descendant of Oebalus
= a Spartan; puer, Hyacinthus, Ov. ; plur.,
Oebalidac, Castor and Pollux, Ov. B. Oeballs
-Wis, f. relating to Oebalus; nympha, Helen, Ov.;
matres, Sabine, as the Sabines were supposed
to be descended from the .Spartans, Ov. C.
Oebalius -a -um, relating to Oebalus ; vulnus,
of Hyacinthus, Ov. ; Oebalia -ae, f. Tarentuni
(colonised from Sparta), Verg.
Oechalia -ae, f. (OlxaKCa), town in Euboea,
residenccofEurytus, father oflole. Hence, Oech-
&llS -idis, f. Oechalian.
Oecleus -Pi, m. (OixAcvs), Jiither of Amphi-
a raus. Hence, Oecliides -ac, in. son of Oecleus
= A mphiaraus.
oeconomlous -a -um (olxoiofiiicos), relating
to domestic economy. Subst., Oeconomicus
-i, m. title of a book by Xenophon, Cic.
Oedipus -pMis, m. (OiSiTrovs), king of Thebes,
sou of Laius and Jocasta, fated to kill his fattier
and to espouse his mother; knownas having solved
the riddle of the Theban Sphynx: prov., Davns
sum, non Oedipus, / am no Oedipus to unriddle
riddles, Ter. Hence, Ocdipodionius -a -uin,
Oedipodean, Ov.
Oeneus -ei or .-Son, m. (Otpeus), king if
Aelolia or f.'alydon, father of Meleager, Tydcus
and Deianira ; hence, A. Ooncius -a -um and
Oeneus -a -um, relating to Oeneus; agri,
Aelplia, Ov. B. Oonidcs -ae, lit. son of
Oeneus, Meleager; also T>iomedes, sou of Tydevs,
grandson of Oeneus, Ov.
Oenomaus -i, ml (Oij-o^aos), king in Ells,
father of llippodamia, grandfather of Atreus and
Thyestes.
Ocnone -es, f. (Ouwij), « Phrygian nymph,
daughter of the rirer-god Cebrenus, beloved and
afterwards deserted by Paris.
oenophorum -i, n. (ol vofyopov), a basket or
hamper for wine, Hor.
Oeuopla -ae, 1'. (Oiron-ia), the island after-
wards ccdlcil Aegina. Hence, adj., Oenopius
-a -um, relating to Oenopia.
Oonopion -onis, m. (plvoniuir), king in
Chios, father of Merope.
oenopolium -i, n. (<nw>irw\tio»')i a wineshop,
tavern, Plant.
Oenotria -ae, f. (OlvwTpia), old name ofjhe
south-east part of Italy ; hence, adj., Oenotriu?
-a -um and Oenotrus -a -um, Oenotrian ;
nieton., Italian, Roman.
1. oenus = unus (q.v.).
'.'. Oenus, ace. -unta, in. u river inlAKO'iia,
falling into the i'urotej,
oes
3S0
Ol
oestrus -i, m. (o'trrpos), the gadfly, horsefly,
breeze, Verg.
oesus = usus (q.v.).
oesypum -i, n. (.huutto?), the fat and dirt of
unwashed woo!, Plin. ; hence, a cosmetic, used by
Roman ladies, prepared Jrovi it, Ov.
■ Oeta -ae, f. ami Oete -€s, f. (Omj), the
mountain-chain between Thessaly and Macedonia,
where Hercules burnt himself; hence, adj.,
Oetaeus -a -urn, Oetean; dons, Prop., and
simply, Oetaeus, Hercules, Ov.
6 fella -ae, f. (dim. of olfa as mantilla of
nianinia), a bit, morsel, Juv.
offa -ae, f. I. a bit, morsel, esp., a ball or
pellet of flour; pultis, Cic. II. Transf., a, a
piece, lump; gummi in oflas convolutum, Hin.;
hence, a swelling, Juv. ; b, an untimely birth,
abortion, Juv.
offendo -fendi -fensum, 3. (ob and *fendo).
I. Intransit., to strike, knock, dash against. A.
Lit, 1, qui in tantis tenebris nibil offendat,
Cic; 2, to suffer damage; naves in redeundo
offenderunt, Caes. B. Transf., a, to make a
mistake; si quid offenderit, Cic; b, to offend
against a ]>erson ; si in me aliquid ofl'enditis,
Cic. ; c, to come into danger, suffer reverse ; apud
judices, to be condemned, Cic II. Transit., to
strike, knock against something. A. Lit., 1,
caput, Liv. ; 2, a, to hit -upon a person, fall in
with, come vpon; aliquem imparatum, to come
■upon unawares, surprise, Cic; b, to injure;
latua vehementer, Cic. B. Transf., to offend,
displease; aliquem or alicuius aninium, Cic;
snimuin in aliquo, to feel hurt by some one, Cic ;
eos splendor otl'endit, Cic. ; partic, offensns
-a -tun, a, injured, hurt ; ofleiisus animus, Cic. ;
b, repulsive ; civibus, Cic; subst., ofifensum
-i, i>. something causing offence, Cic.
offensa -ae, f. (offendo). I. Lit., a striking
against, knocking against, Plin. II. dislike,
hatred, enmity, affront, injury ; magna in oflelisa
sum apud Pompeium, Cic. ; oflensas vindicet
ciise suas, Ov.
offensio -onis, f. (offendo), a stril. ing against,
hitting against. I. a, lit., pedis, a stumbling,
Cic. ; b, iiietoii., that against whvih nne stumbles,
a stiunhling-block, Cic II. 1, indisposition,
complaint; corporuui, Cic; 2, a, hatred, enmity,
disfavour, aversion; in alicuius ofleiisioiicni
caclere, Cic. ; effugerc alicuius offensionem, Cic;
b, defeat, loss, misfortune ; offensioncm timere,
Cic
offonsiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of offensio), 1, a
slight offence, displeasure, Cic. ; 2, a slight failure,
Cic
offenso, 1. (intens. of Offendo), to strike, dash
against ; capita, Liv.
1. offensus -a-um, partic. of offensns.
'J. offensus -us, in. (offendo), 1, a dashing
against, a shock, Lucr. ; 2, offence, dislike, Lucr.
offero, obtuli, oblatum, offerrc (oband fero),
to carry or bring to, place before, present, produce,
offer. I. Lit.,aciem strictam vcuiciitibiis, Verg.;
os Buum non modo ostendere, sed etiara offeree,
Cic; reflex., se ofTerre, to present oneself, up-
pear; pass.,offerri, to present oneself , offer one^^lf,
appear; multis in dilncillimis rebus praesens
auxiliuin eius uuniinis oblatum est, Cic. II.
Transf., a, to offer, erpoze; nos perieulis sine
<.'">a, Cic ; sf morti, Caes. ; se ad mortem pro
patria, Cic; vitam iu discriiucn, Cic; b, to
(id, hue, bring forward ; criinina, Cic ; c, to offer,
proffer; alicui operam suam, Liv. ; d, to cause,
occasion ; alicui beneflcium, Cic; stuprum alicui,
Cic ; mortem ^licqi, Cic.
offlcina -$e, f. (= opiflcina, fiom opifox), a
workshop, manufactory, in which any handicraft-
Is carried on ; amiorum, a manufactory if arms,
Caes. ; Hg., a workshop, Udtoratory :' falsoruui
coniinciitaiioruin et chirographoriiiii oRicina,
Cic; discendi, Cic ; nequitiae, sapieutiae, Cic.
officio -feci -fectum, 3. (oband facio), to he
ill the way of, impede, hinder. A. Lit., with
dat., alicui apricanti, to stand between any one
and the sun, Cic. ; ipsa umbra terme soli
officiens, coming before the sun, Cic B. Transf.,
/" hinder, obstruct, be in the -way of, to injure;
meis commodis, Cic; consiliis alicuius, ball.;
ollieiunt laetis frugibus lierbae, Vert;.
officiose, adv. (ofliciosus), obligingly, court-
eously ; hoc facere, Cic; sed ilia ofticiosius,
Cic.
officiOSUS -a -um (officillin), obliging, court-
eous, attentive, kind, respectful (especially used of
the behaviour of inferiors to superiors); 1,
homo, Cic ; in aliquem, Cic. ; 2, dutiful, con-
formable to duty ; dolor, Cic ; labores, Cic
Officium -ii, n. (perhaps for opi(icium).
I. duty, obligation, service, part. A. esse in
officio, Cic ; otlicio fungi, to do one's duty, Cic ;
officium praestare, Caes. ; officio suo deesse, to
fail in one's duty, Cic B. subjection, allegiance;
in officio continere, Cic II. dutiful action. A.
lneorum officiorum conscientia, Cic B. 1, re-
spect, courtesy, deference; homo suiumo officio
praeditus, Cic ; 2, attention, complaisance,
friendly service ; a, illius in ulluiu ordinem
otlicia, Cic. ; b, ceremony, attendance on. some
- ilemn occasion, service of honour ; nrbana otlicia
alicui praestare, ap. Cic ; otlicio togae virilis
interfui, / was present at the ceremony of taking
the toga virilis, Plin. ; suprema in aliquem
otlicia, the last offices, the ceremony of interment,
Tac; so officium triste, Ov.; 3, service, business,
official employment; toti officio maritinio M.
Bibulus praepositus, over the whole naval service,
Cic. ; confecto legationis officio, Cic.
offlg'O -lixi -ftxuin, 3. (ob and Ago), to fix in,
fasten; ita densos offigunt iinplicantque lames,
Liv.
Offlrmate, adv. (offinnatus), firmly, obstin-
ately, Suet.
offu matus -a -um (offinno), firm, steadfast,
obstinate, Cic
offirmo, 1. (ob and finiio), to make firm, to
fasten; transf., to make resolute, sleadfast; nu
lam offirnia te, don't be so obstinate, Tcr.
oflucia -ae, f. (ob and fucus), 1, paint, rouge,
riant. ; 2, transf., deceit, deception, Plant.
Offulgeo -fulsi, 2. (ob and fulgeo), to shine
ujmn, appear ; nova lux oculis offulsit, Verg.
offundo -ffldi -fflsum, 3. (ob and fundo). I.
to pour before, pour around, pour out. A. Lit.,
Plaui. B. Transf., pass., offundi, to be poured
out, to be poured round, to be spread around ;
nobis aev crassus offunditur, surrounds vs, Cic ;
tig., si quid tciiebraruni otfudit cxsilium, Cic; no
nimium terroris offiindam, Liv. ; omnium reruin
terrorem oculis auribusque est oH'usus, Liv.
II. to spread over, to cover, conceal; obsctiratur
et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae, Cic. ;
fig., ofl'usus pavore, Tac.
oggannio -ivi and -ii -itum, 4. (ob and
gannio), to yelp, growl at, Plaut.
Ogyges -is, m. ('nyiVt?). " mythical king of
Thebes. Hence, 6g^gius-a-um, Theban; dens,
Bat <h us, Ov.
oh, iuterj. oh! ah .' Plaut.
ohe, interi. ho! holloa! Plant.
oho, iuterj. oho! aha! Plaut.
o|, ip.terj. oh ! an exclamation of pain, Tor.
Oil
381
omn
OlleilS -6i aiid -Sos, 111. ('Oi'Aeus), king of
Locris, father of Ajnx (wlio was also called Ajux
Oileus).
Olbia -ae, f. ('OA^ia), a town' on the cast coast
of Sardinia. Hence, adj., Olbiensis -e, Olbian.
6lea -ae, f. (dAai'a), 1, the olire, the fruit of the
olive-tree, Van-. ; 2, the olive-tree, Cic.
61eagineus (oleaginus) a -rnn (olea),
of or relating to the dire-free, Nep.
olearlus -a -tun (oleum), of or belonging to
oil ; rella, Cic.
Olearus (-6s) and OUaros -i, f. ('fMsapos),
one of the islands of the Sporadts, now Anti-
pa ros.
oleaster tri, in. (olea), the wild olive-tree,
Verg.
dlens -entis, p. adj. (from oleo), smelling ;
hence, a, fragrant, sweet-smelling, Ov. ; b, baa-
smelling, stinking, fetid, Verg.
Olenus (-6s) -i, f. ("fiAevo?). I. a town in
Achaia. II. a town in Aetolia. Hence, Olenitis
-a -u m = A cluiian ; capella or pecus, the goat of
Amalthea, Ov.
Oleo, 61 ui, 2. (cf. ofu), odor). I. to emit an
odour, smell. A. bene, Cic. ; with aid., sulfure,
Ov. ; with ace, crocmn, to smell of, Oic. ; nihil,
Cic. B. Fig., to smell of, to savour of, to smack
of; nihil ex Academia, Cic. ; malitiam, Cic. II.
to be revealed or be betrayed by smell ; quid, illud
lion olet, unde sit, quod dieitur " cum illis?" Cic.
6leum -i, n. (eAatoi') olire-oil, oil; instillare
oleum ininini, Cic ; prov., oleum et opeiam
perdere, to lose, tune and trouble., Cic. ; nitidum
(pioddam genus est verlioruin et laetuin Bed
palaestrae magis et olei, etc., shows signs of too
much effmt (from the oil used in the palaestra
by wrestlers), Cic.
olfacio -feci -factum, 3. (oleo and facio), to
smell. A. lAt., ea quae gustainus, Cic. B. Fig.,
to scent out, trace, by snu ", detect; nuinmuiu, Cic
olfacto, 1. (intens. of olfacio), to smell at,
smell, Plaut.
olidus -a -una (oleo), smelling, emitting an
odour; capra, stinking, fetid, Hor.
olim, adv. (from ollus, old Lat. for ille), I.
A. Of tlie past, formerly, once, upon a time, in
times past ; qui milii dixit olim, Cic. B. Of the
future, hereafter, at a future time ; non, si male
nunc, et olim sic erit, Hor. ; utinam coram
tecum olim potius qttam per epistolas, Cic.
II. at times, often; ttt pueris olim dantcrustula
blandi doctores, Hor.
olitor -Tiris, m. (olus), cultivator of pot-herbs.
kitchen-gardener, Cic.
olitorius -a -um (olitor). of or relating to
culinary herbs ; forum, vegetable market, Liv.
oliva -ae, f. I. the olive. Hor. II. the olive-
tree. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., 1, an olive-
branch, Hor.; 2, a staff of olive-tree wood, Ov.
olivetum -i, n. (oliva), a place -planted with
olives, olive-garden, Cic.
olivifer -ffira -fSrum (oliva and fero), olive-
bearing, Verg., Ov.
olivum -i, n. (oliva), 1, olive-oil, oil, Verg. ;
2, oil fur anointing, unguent, Cat.
Olla -ae, f. (orig. ola = aula), rut earthenware
jar or pot, Cic.
ollus, olle, obsolete form of ille -a -ud
(q.v.).
6lo, 3.= oleo (q.v.).
olor -oris, m. a sunn, Hor.
olorinug -a -um (olor), of or relating to a
swan, Verg.
-oris, n. any kind <>f culinary
Hor.
olus (holus)
vegetable, pot-hero,
olusculum -i, ii. (dim. of olus), a herb, veget-
able, Cic.
Olympia -ae, f. ('OAufiwia), a holy city and
territory in Klis, -where stood the temple of Jupiter
Olympius, and Where the Olympic games were
celebrated. Hence, adj., A. 6lympTacU8 -a
-um, Olympian. B. 6lympiouu -a -um, Olym-
pian. C. dlymplus-a-um, Olympian. Subst.,
Olympium -li, n. the temple of Jupiter Olymp-
ius, Liv. ; dlympia oruin, n. the Olympic
games, Cic. D. dlympias -adis, f. an
Olympiad or period of four years, elapsing between
each celebration of the Olympic games, Cic. £.
Olyrnpionlcea -ae, m.(OAufi7noi'iK7);), a victor
at Olympia, Cic.
1. dlympias, v. Olympia.
2. dlympias -adis, f. ('OAu/A7ucis), daughter
of Neoptolcmus, king in Epirus, mother of Alex-
ander the Great.
Olympus (-6s) -i, m. ('Okvunos). I. m.
A. a mountain on the borders of Macedonia and
Thessaly, supposed to be the habitation of the
gods; poet.= heaven, Verg. B. a celebrated
flute-player, the. pupil of Marsyas. II. f. a town
of Lycia on the Mount Olympus there. Hence,
Olympeni -drum, in. the inhabitants oj
Olympus.
Olynthus (-6s) -i, f. ("OAvido?), town in
Chalcidice, on the. borders of Macedonia, Hence,
adj., OlynthluE -a -um, Olynthian.
omasum -i, n. bullocks' tripe ; transf., pingui
tcutus omaso, with fat jiaumh., Hor.
omen -Inis, 11. an omen, sign, augury, pro-
gnostication. I. Lit., A. hisee oininibits pro-
ticiseere, Cic; ire secundo oinine, in God's name,
Hor.; omen avertere, to avert a>i omen, Cic,
accipere, to accept, Cic. B. a wish, as a good
omen ; optima omina, Cic. II. Meton., that
which is accompanied by auspices; 1, prima
omina = miptiae, Verg. ; 2, a solemn usage, Verg.
omentum -i, n. (= ob-mentum, connected
with opimus), the entrails, bowels, Juv.
ominor, 1. dep. (omen). I. to augur, pre-
sage, prophesy, predict ; malo alienae quain
nostrae reipublicae ominari, Cic. II. to speak
words of (good or bad) omen ; ominari horreo,
Liv.
ominosus -a -um (omen), foreboding, omin-
ous, Plin.
omissus -a -um, p. adj. (from omitto), neg-
lectful, remiss, Ter.
omitto -mlsi -missum, 3. (= ommitto, from
ob and mitto), to let go, let alone, let fall. I.
Lit., anna, Liv.; habenas, Tac. II. Transf.,
A. to give up, lay aside, leave off; pietatcin et
humanitatem, to put on one side, Cic; timorem
Cic; with infin., to cease; omittat urgere, Cic
B. Of discourse, to leave unmentioned, to omit;
ut haec omittain, Cic. ; de reditu, Cic
omnifer -ffira -ferum (omnis and fero), bear-
ing everything, all-bearing, Ov.
omnigena -ae, genit. plur., -flin, c. (omnia
and genus), of all sorts; omiiigenum deuin inou-
stra, Verg.
omnigenus -a -um (= omne genus), of all
kinds, Lucr.
omnimodis, adv. (omnis and modus), in
every way, wholly, entirely, Lucr.
omnino, adv. (omnis), altogether, entirely,
wholly, totally. I. quum senatoriis muneribus
oinn
:is2
Oph
ant omnino ant magna ex parte essem iiberatus,
Cic. ; esp., a, in general, especially ; tie hominum
genere aut omnino de auiinalibus loquor, Cic. ;
b, in all, in the total ; quinquc omnino fnenint,
Cic. II. utterly, entirely, at all ; lleri omnino
neges, Cic. ; esp., a, with snperl., miserrima est
omnino ambitio, Cic; b, with negatives, is
omnino serviifl in familia crat, Cic. III. In con-
cessive clauses foil, by sed = certainly . . . but;
pugnas omnino sed cum adversario faeili, Cic.
onnipircns -entis (omnis and parous),
all -producing, all-bearing ; terra, Verg.
omnipotens -entis (omnis and potens), al-
mighty, all-powerful , omnipotent, Verg.
omnis -e, all. I. Of number, A. omnis
fortuna, Cic. ; leges aliae omhes, Cic. ; subst.,
omnes, all men, Cic. ; omne, everything, Cic. ;
so omnia, Cic. ; omnia facere, to ilo whatever is
possible, Cic. ; omnia mill i sunt cum aliquo, /
am quite, in agreement with, Cic; sic in eo sunt
omnia, everything depends upon that, Cic ; per
omnia, in every respect, Liv. ; ante omnia, espe-
cially, Liv. B. a, each, every, all; omnis
amans, every lover, Ov. ; omnibus mensibus,
Cic. ; b, of all kinds; olus omne, Hnr. ; omnibus
precibus petere, Cic II. the whole ; Gallia omnis,
Caes. ; non omnis moriar, not entirely, Hor. ;
sanguinem suum oinnem eH'underc, Cic.
omnitiiens -entis (omnis and tueor), all-
seeing, all-beholding, Lucr.
omnivagrus -a -um (omnis and vagus), wan-
dering everywhere, Cic.
omnivdlus -a -um (omnis and volo), all-
willing, all-wishing, Cat.
Omphale -es, f. ('O/x^riAt;), a queen of Lydia,
wliom, Hercules served in woman's dress.
onager and onagrus -i, >n. the wild ass,
Verg.
OJierariu.s -a -um (onus), of or relating to
freight, burden, etc. ; jumenta, beasts of burden,
Liv. Snbst., onCraria -ae, f. a mercMnt or
transport ship, Cic.
5nero, 1. (onus). I. to load, pack, freight,
burden with anything. A. Lit., 1, naves, Caes.;
2, a, to burden, trouble, tire, oppress, weigh
down; aures lapillis, Ov. ; hostes (saxie), Liv.;
b, to cover ; ossa aggere tcrrae, Verg.; c, to load,
fill ; mensas dapibus, to load the tables with
victuals, Verg. ; manus jaculis, Verg. B. Fig.,
1, to load, burden, oppress, overwhelm. ; aliquem
mendaeiis, Cic. ; judicem argninentis, Cic ; 2,
a, to weary, tire; aethera votis, Verg.; b, to
overwhelm; aliquem contumeliis, Cic; in agood
sense, aliquem laudibus, Liv.; c, to make move
burdensome, to aggravate; curas, Tac ; inopiam
alicuius, Liv. II. to put into a cask, vessel, etc;
vina cadis, Verg.
oncrosus -a -um (onus). T. heavy, burden-
some; praeda, Verg. II. Fig., troublesome ;
onerosior altera sors est, Ov.
OilUS -eris, n. a hud, burden, freight. I. A.
Lit., merces atque onera, Cic. B. Transf., amy
kind of burden, weight; tnnti oneris turriin in
inuros col locale, Caes. II. Fig., A. weight,
burden, troidile, charge ; onori esse, to be, burden-
some, Sail., Liv. ; plus oneris sustuli quam ferre
me posse intelligo, Cic. B. Esp., a public bur-
den, tax, charge; his temporibus hoc miiui-
cipium maximis oneribus pressum, Cic. ; hacc
omnia in dites a panperibus inclinata onera,
Liv.
onustUS -a -um (onus), laden, loaded, freighted.
I. Lit.,asellus onnstusauro, Cic. ; naves onustae
fnimento, Cic II. full, filled ; onusti cibo et
vino, Cic. ; pharetra onusta telis, Tac.
5nyx -ychis (6rvf). I, in, A. « kind of
yellowish marble, nny.c, from which many articles
of luxury were made, Plin. B. Meton., a box
ov casket of onyx, Hor. II. f. a precious stone of a
yellowish colour, onyx, Plin. III. a shell-fish,
Plin.
opacitas -atis, f. (opacus), <; shade, shadi-
ncss ; arborum, Tac.
cpaco, 1. (opacus), to shade, overshadow •
locum, Cic
opacus -a -um. I. Pass., shaded, shady. A.
Lit., ripa, Cic. ; neut. subst., per opaea locorum,
shady places, Verg. B. Transf., dark, shadowy,
obscure; nox, Verg.; mater, the earth, Verg.
II. Act., casting a shade, shading, shady; arbor,
Verg.
opalus -i, m. a precious stone, the opal, PJin.
opella -ae, f. (dim. of opera), a. little wprk t
little labour, trouble, service, Lucr., Hor.
opera -ae, f. (1. opus), trouble, pains, effort,
exertion. I. Lit., A. Gen., laborem et operant
in aliqua re consumere, Cic ; opcrain tribuerc
rcipublicae, devote, oneself to, Cic; operam dare
alicni rci, to work hard at, Cic; operam diire,
with ut or ne and the subj., to do one's best to,
etc., Cic. ; non operae est, with infm., it is not
worth the while, Liv. B. Esp., a serrirr,
doing service; Cn. Ponipeius, qui est in nperis
eius socictatis, wlio is in the service of that
company, Cic; Musis operas reddere, to serve the
Muses, Cic II. 1, time for work ; deest mihi
opera, Cic. ; 2, a day-labourer, workman, gen.
in plur.; operae fabrorum, Cic; sometimes in
a contemptuous sense, mercenaries, hired assist-
ants, Cic ; operae theatrales, the claqueurs, Tac.
operarius -a -um (opera), of or relating to
work ;_ homo, a day-labourer, Cic. Subst.,
dpSrarlus -ii, m. a day-labourer, workman;
tiansf., qnidam operarii lingua celeri etexereitat a
(of bad orators), Cic.
operculum -i, n. (operio), a lid, cover, Cic;
operculum dolii ferreum, Liv.
operirnentum -i, n. (operio), a cover, cover-
ing, Cic.
operio -perui -pertum, 4. (ob and pario). I.
to cover. A. 1, gen., amplioras auro, Nep. ; 2',
esp., a, to cover with a garment, esp. with a
toga ; capita operto esse, Cic ; b, to corer with
earth, to bury ; reliquias malae pugnae, Tac. B.
Fig., 1, to cover, loud ; judicia operta dedecore,
Cic. ; 2, to cover, conceed; res opertae, Cic II.
to close, shut up ; operta lectlca latus est, Cic.
operor, 1. dep. (opus), to work, labour, he.
busied, occupied with ; followed by dsrt. of the
occupation, 1, connubiis arvisque novis; Verg. ;
materiis caedendis, Tac. ; 2, esp.. to be engaged in
worship; sacris, Liv. ; with dat. of deity, to
worship, sacrifice; deo, Tib. ; absol., to worship,
sacrifice ; laetis operatus in arvis, Verg.
dperose, adv. (operosus), laboriously, care-
fully, Cic ,
6pcr6sus -a -um (opera), laborious, pains-
taking, industrious. I. Lit., a, senec.tus, Cic. ;
c.olonus, Ov. ; b, of medicines, active, powerful ;
herba, Ov. II. that which causes much Idbonror
trouble, laborious, toilsome, difficidt ; artes, Cic ;
moles mundi, Ov. ; Carolina, Hor.
opertudl -i, n. (operio), a secret place. I.
Ponae Peae, Cic II. a secret ; operta Apollinis,
the mysterious oracles of Apollo, Cic.
opes v. ops.
6phl6ll -onis, m. ('0<jnwv), father ofAmycus;
hence, Ophionides -ae, in. son of Ophion =
Amyous.
6phiuchus -i, m. ('0</uov,\o<% the snake-
holder, a constellation, Cic
Oph
S8H
opp
Ophlusa -ae, f. (0<j>iovtTa), old name of the
Island of Cyprus. Hence, Ophiusius -a -urn,
Ophiusian — Cypriote.
Opicus -a -urn, Oscan ; transf., stupid, foolish,
silly, clownish, Juv.
opifer -18ra -ferum (ops and fero), helpful,
rendering help; deus (of Aesculapius), Ov.
opifex -flcis, c. (opus and facio), 1, a worker,
frame,; fabricator; miuuli, Cic; vcrborum, Cic;
2, a workman, artificer, artisan, Cic. ; opitices
atque servitia, Sail.
opif icina = officina (q.v.).
opilio and upillo -onis, m. (for ovilio, from
ovis), a shepherd, Veig.
opime, adv. (opiums), richly, splendidly,
riant.
opimitas -atis, f. (opiums), sumptuousuess,
splendour, riaut.
opiums -a -uin (ops). L Act, fruitful, fer-
tile; ager, regio, Cic. II. Pass., well-fed, fat.
A. a, lit., bos, Cic. ; habitus corporis, Cic. ; b,
Iig., of speecb, -overloaded; genus dictionis, Cic.
B. Transf., a, enriched, wealthy; b, splendid,
sumptuous, abundant, ricft, copious, Verg.; praada,
Cic; dapes, Verg.; esp., spolia opima, the spoils
taken from the enemy's general when slain by the
commander of the army himself, Liv.
opinabilis -e (opinor), founded upon con-
jecture, conjectural, Cic.
opinxtio -onis, f. (opinor), a supposing, sup-
■position, conjecture, Cic.
opinator -oris, in. (opinor), one who supposes
or conjectures, Cic.
1. opinatus -a nm, p. adj. (from opinor),
conjectured, supposed, fancied ; bonum, Cic.
2. opinatus -us, m (opinor), a conjecture,
supposition, Lucr.
opinio -onis, f. (opinor), an opinion, con-
jecture, supposition, belief, imagination. I. Gen.,
with subj. genit., opinione vulgi, Cic. ; with obj.
genit., opinio eius diei, Cic. ; with de, opinio de
dis immortalibus, Cic. ; adducere aliquem in
opinionem ut pntet, etc., Cic. ; magna nobis
pueris opinio rait, with ace. and intin., Cic;
ut opinio nostra est (fert), in my opinion, Cic. ;
praeter opinionem, contrary to expectation, Cic. ;
celerius opinione, quicker than was expected, Cic.
II. A. 1, good opinion, favourable judgment ;
opinione nonnulhl, quam de nieis moribus habe-
bat, Cic. ; 2, a, a good name, reputation ; propter
eximiarn opinionem virtutis, Caes. ; b, a, bad
■name, notoriety, Liv. B. fame, report; quae
opinio erat edita in valgus, Liv.
dpiniOSUS -a -nm (opinio), full of conjectures
or suppositions, Cic.
opinor, 1. dep. (from opiuus in nec-opinus,
from root OP, connected with l>4>6f\vai, onwa),
to be of opinion, opine, believe, thinl;, suppose;
me in provinciam exituruin, Cic. ; de vobis non
secus ac de tetcrrimis hostibus opinatur, Cic. ;
nt opinor (in a parenthesis), as I hold, Cic.
opipare, adv. (opiparus), splendidly, sump-
tuously ; opipare apparatum conviviuni, Cic.
opiparus -a -uin (opes and paro), splendid,
sumptuous, Plaut.
1. Opis -is, ace. -lui, f. ('flirts), auymph in the
train of Diana.
2. Opis, v. 1. Ops. "
opitulor, 1. dep. (ops and tnlo = fero), to
help, aid, assist; sontibus, Cic.
opium -ii, n. (owiov), opium, Plin.
oportet -tflit, 2. impers. it behoves, is need-
ful, proper, it must be, ought to le ; foil, by the
subj. alone, by the ace and lufin., by the infln.,
hoc fieri et oportet et opus est, Cic ;■ exsteni
oportet vestigia, Cic. ; absol., quidquid veto lion
licet, certe non oportet, Cic.
oppedo, 3. (op ami pedo), to mock, insult ;
Jildaeis.-Hor.
opperior •pertns and (more rarely) -pfiritQs
sum, 4. (root PP^R, whence cxperioA to wait.
L Intransit., to wait ; ibidem, Cic. II. Transit.,
to expect ; agmen peditum, Liv. ; abi intro, ibi me
opperire, Ter.
oppeto -ivi and -H -itum, 3. (ob and poto), to
go tomeet, encounter (especially an evil) ; pestem,
Plaut.; mortcni, to die, Cic; or simply pppetere,
Verg.
oppldanus.-a -uin(oppidum). of or belonging
to a town (except Rome, of which iirbanus was
used), belonging to a small town; in a contempt-
uous sense, provincial ; senex, Cic ; genus
dicendi, Cic. ; subst., oppidani -Ortini, in. the
■inhabitants of a town, Caes.
oppidatim, adv. (oppiduin), in the towns, in
all the towns, Suet.
oppido, adv. very, very much, exceedingly;
ridiculus, Cic; pauci, Cic ; in answers, certainly,
Plant.
oppidulum -i, n. (dim. of oppiduin), a little
tovjn, Cic.
oppidum -i, n. (perhaps from ob and PED,
whence Or. irt&ov, im-ped-ire, etc.), a town
(urbs generally used for Rome); a, oppiduin
pervetus in Sicilia, Cic. ; sanguine per triduum
in oppido (in town— in Home), pluisse, Liv.;
with genit. of the name of the town, in oppido
Antiochiae, Cic ; b, o fortified wood in Britain,
Caes.
oppignero, 1. (ob and pignero), to pledge,
pawn, give in pledge; libellos pro vino, Cic.
oppilo, 1. (ob and pilo), to stop up, close up,
block up ; scalas tabernae librariae, Cic.
oppleo -plevi -pletum, 2. (ob and pleo), to
fdl, fill up, I. Lit., nives omnia oppleverant,
Liv." II. Transf., nam vetus haec opinio Grae-
ciam opplevit, Cic.
oppono -pdsui -pSsitum (-postiim, Lucr.), 3.
Sob and i)ono), to put or place opposite, before.
'.. Lit., A. oculis manus.Ov. ; luna subjecta
atqne opposita soli, Cic. B. to place against or
in the way of for protection; a, omnes corpora
nostra opponimus, Cic. ; b, moles oppositae
fluctibus, Cic. ; se alicui, Caes. II. Transf., 1,
to pledge against, mortgage for ; ager oppositus
est pignori ob decern ininas, Ter. ; 2, to expose ;
se periculis, Cic. ; 3, to allege as an objection, to
oppose, op]x>se in argument ; a, alicui nonien,
valetudinem ulicuius, Cic. ; b, to place one thing
against unotlier in the way of comparison, to con-
trast ; nunc omni virtuti vitium contrario nomine
opponitur, Cic.
opportune, adv. {opportunus), opportunely,
seasonably, fitly, conveniently; opportune adesse,
Cic.
opportunitas -atis, f. (opportnnus), con-
venience, fitness, appropriateness, suitableness. I.
loci, 'Caes. II. a, a fit time, right season, oj>-
porttinitu ; divina, Cic; opportunitates ad
cultum hoininum, Cic. ; b, a fit state of the fcorf;/
or mind ; corporis, Cic. ; c, an advantage, Cic ;
opportunitate sliqua data, Caes.
opportunus -a -nm (oband POR-o, PORT-o,
whence also portus, porta), op)K>rtune, fit, suit-
able, appropriate, favourable. I. A. Lit., loca,
Sail. B. Transf., a, of time, suitable, favour-
able : tempus, Cic; b, of nature, serviceable,
useful; (a) of things, with dat. of object, ceterae
res opportunae sunt singulae rebus fere singulis
opp
884
op a
Cic; (/8) of persons, suitable; homines, Sail. II.
exposed to, liable to; liuic eruptioni, Li v. ; in-
juriae, Sail.
oppositlo -onis, f. (oppono), opposivg, op-
position, Cic.
1. oppSsitus -a -um, p. adj. (from oppono),
opposed, opposite, standing against; Buthrotum
opposttum Corcyrae, Caps.
2. oppo3ltU8 -fls, m. (oppono), a placing,
setting against or opposite, inteiposition, Cic.
oppressio -onis, f. (opptimo). I. a pressing
dacn, oppression ; legum et libertatis, Cic. II.
a forcible taking possession of; curiae, Cic.
oppressor -Oris, m. (opprimo), a svppresser,
crusher ; domination!*, ap. Cic.
1. oppressus -fi, ni. (opprimo), a pi-essing
down, pressure, Lucr.
2. oppressus -a -um, pavtic. of opprimo.
opprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (ob and premo).
I. A. Lit., 1, to 2~>ress doivn, press together ; ora
loquentis, Ov. ; 2, a, to crush; opprimi ruina-
conclavis, to le crushed, Cic. ; senem injeetu
multae vestis, to stifle, smother, Tac. ; b, of a
flame, to extinguish ; cum aquae multitudine vis
rlainmae opprimitur, Cic. ; c, of a letter, to slur
over in pronunciation ; litterae neque expressae
neque oppressae, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to suppress ;
a, dolorem, Cic; b, to conceal; insigne veri,
Cic. ; 2, to crush, hear hard -upon, weigh down ;
opprimi acre, alieno, Cic; 3, to crush an ceil,
suppress, stamp nut ; perniciosam potentiam,
Cic; 4, to crush, siibiluenn adversary ; a, in war,
3iatiniip.nl Allnbrognm, Cic; b, in politics, ali-
qnem, Cic.; 5, to hold firm, not to let go : inst.it.it,
oppressit, non remisit, Cic II. to seize, upon,
fall upoii, surprise. A. Antoninm mors oppressit,
Cic; improvidos incautosque liostes, Liv. B.
Transf., numquam i lie meoppriiuetoonsilio,Clc.
opprobramentum -i, n. (opprobro), a re-
proach, disgrace, Plant.
opprobrium -ii, n. (ob and probrnm), a
reproach, scandal, disgrace, opprobrium ; 1,
majoris fugiens opprobria culpae, Hor. ; 2,
meton., a, a verbal reproach, taunt; ninrderi
opprobriis falsis, Hor. ; b, of persons, shame,
disgrace; majoruni, Tac.
opprobro, 1. (ob and probrnm), to taunt, up-
braid, reproach, Plant.
oppugnatio -onis, f. (oppugno), a storming,
taking by storm ;oppidorum,Caes.;oppugnationem
snstiiiere, Caes. ; relinquere, Tac ; .judicium sine
oppugnationc, without opposition, Cic.
oppugnator -oris, m. (oppugno), one who
storms, attacks, assaults; tig., liostis et oppugn-
ator patriae Antonius, Cic.
1. oppugno, 1. (ob and pugno), to attack,
assault, storm, besiege. I. Lit., oppidum, Cic. ;
castra, Caes. II. Transf., to attack, lay siege to ;
fig., aliquein clandestinis consiliis, Cic
2. oppugno, 1, (ob and pugnus), to buffet
with the fists, Plant.
1. Ops, Opis, f. = the Earth, the goddess of
abundance, wife of Saturn, and protectress of
agriculture.
2. ops, opis, f.. pllir., opes -um (sing, only
in genie, ace, and ah!.). I. might, power; a,
resources; opibus, armis, potentifi valere, Cic. ;
b, forces, troops ; tantas opes prostravit, Cic. ;
C, political power, influence; alicuins opes evert-
ere, Cic. II. physical power, might, strength;
omni ope. atque opera enitar, Cic. ; grates per-
eolvere dignas non opis est nostrae, is not in our
power, Verg. III. help, assistance, support ; opeill
peterc ab aliquo, Cic. ; opem afferrc, to help, Ov.
op8 . . . v. obs . . .
optabilis -e (opto), desirable, to be wished
for ; niihi pax in primis fuit optabilis, Cic.
optandus -a um, p. adj. (from opto), to be.
wished for, desirable; maxiiue fuit optailduln
Caecinae ut, etc., Cic.
optatio -onis, f. (opto), a wish: alien! ties
optationes dare, Cic.
optato, adv. (optatus), according to one's
wish, Cic
optatus -a -um, p. adj. (from opto), wished
for, desired, pleasant, dear ; rumores, Cic. ; fmter,
Cic. Subst., optatum -i, n. a wish ; optatuni
impetrare, Cic.
optimas -atis (optimus), one of the best, ni is :
tocratic; genus, Cic. Subst., optimas -atis,
in. an aristocrat; ap. Cic; gen. plur., opti-
mates -lum and -um, in. the aristocratic party,
the aristocrats, Cic.
optirr.e, superl. of bene (q.v.).
optimus (optumus) -a -um, superl. of
bonus (q.v.).
1. optio -onis, f. (* opo), choice, free choice,
option ; ufro frui malis optio sit. tua, Cic. ; si
mihi optio daretur, utrum malim defendere, an,
etc., Cic
2. optio -onis, in. in military language, an
adjutant, Tac.
optlVUS -a -um (opto), chosen ; cognomen,
Hor.
opto, 1. (stem OP, Gr. On, whence OIITfi,
ui/'O/^ai). I. to choose, elect, select; lit 1.1111 \ is,
opto, (lum licet, Plant. ; locum tecto, Verg. ;
nt optet iitruni malit an, etc., Cic. II. to wish
for, desire; illam fortuiiam, Cic; with infill.,
tinem nccusandi faeere, Cic; with ace. and
infill., redargui me, Cic. ; with nt and the sulij.,
optavit, ut in eurrnni tolleretur, Cic ; with subj.
alone, creseat tua civibus opto urbs, Ov. ; with
ace. and dat., alicui furorem et insaniam, Cic
opulens -entis (opes), 1, rich, Nep. ; 2,
powerful ; civitas, Sail.
opulente and Spvilenter, adv. (opulent us
and opulens), richly, splendidly, sumptuously;
ludos opulentius faeere, Liv.
opulentia -ae, f. (opulens), 1, wealth, riches,
opulence, Sail. ; 2, the power, greatness of a
state, Sail.
opiilentitas -atis, f. (opulens), riches, opu-
lence, Plant.
dpulcnto, 1. (opulens), to make opulent, en-
rich, Hor.
dpfilentUS -a -um (ops). I. rich, wealthy,
opident. A. civitas, Cic. ; oppidum, Caes. ;
Numidia agro virisque opulentior, Sail. B. ric/i
splendid, sumptuous ; res baud opulenta, Liv.
II. powerful, mighty ; reges, Sail. ; factio, Liv.
Opuntius, v. 3. Opus.
1. opus -eris, n. o work, labour. I. A. Lit.,
1, opera nosfrarum artimn, Cic; opus quaerere,
to seek, for work, Cic; 2, a, work in the fields;
faeere patrio rnie opus, Ov. ; b, building; lex
operi faciundo, Iniihling-coiUruct, Cic. ; c, mil it.
t. t., a military n-ork, fortification, entrenchment ;
operibus oppugnare urbein, Liv.; Mutinam
operibus munitionibusque sepsit, Cic. ; d, work
as opposed to nature, art; nihil est opere nut
mnnu factum, quod non aliqnando consnmat
vetnstns, Cic. ; e, the work of an artist ; liydria
Boethi mnnu facta praeclaro opere, of admirable
workmanship, Cic. B. Meton., 1, a, finished
work ; opera magnified atque praeclarn, Cic. ; b,
a work of art ; Silanionis opus (of a statue),
Cic. ; c, a literary work ; opus babeo in manibus,
Cic. XI. a, action, work, business; censorium,
opu
3S5
ord
Cic I Cei'tatini ad hoc opus curretur, CL. ; b,
an undertaking, Liv. ; c, trouble; mogno opere,
Cic. ; nimio opere, Cic.
2. opus, ii. irnlecl., found in the phrases opus
est, there is need, it is needful, it is necessary ;
with iinui., <lux nobis, et auctor opus est, Cic. ;
with nbl. of the tiling needed, opus est aue-
toritate tuft, Cie. ; matnratn opus est, there is
■need of haste, Liv.; with genit., qnanti argenti
opus hiit, Liv.; with ace.. Plant.; with inlin.,
quid opus est attirmare, Cic. ; with 2, supine,
quod scitu opus est, Cic.
'3. OpUS -puntis, f. ('On-ous), tnirn in I.ocris,
now Talanta. Adj.,Opuntius-a-iim,0pi<H/fa)i.
• dpusculum -i, n. (dim. of 1. opus), o little
work, Cic.
1. 6ra -ae, f. (1. os), the edge, border, rim,
boundary. I. poculi, Lucr. ; regionum, Cic. ;
clipei, Verg. II. A. the coast, sea -coast ; Italiae,
Cic. B. a region, clime, country ; quilcumque in
ora ac parte teirarum, Cic. ; Acheruutis orae,
the lower world, Lucr. ; luniinis orae, the. upper
world, Verg. C. a zone, belt of the earth, Cic.
2. ora -ae, f. (6 cable or hawser by which a
ship teas made fast to the shore, Liv.
oraculum (oraclum) -i, n. (oro). I. a
place inhere an orach is given, an oracle,; illud
oraculum Delphis, Cic. ; transf., domus jure-
consulti oraculum civitatis, Cic. II. an oracle,
divine response; 1, oraculum edere, Cic. ; peteru
a D lona, Cic. ; 2, a, a prophecy ; oracula
fundere. Cic. ; b, a wise speech, oracular declara-
tion ; physicorum, Cic.
oratio -onis, f. (oro). I. speaking, speech,
language. A. Gen., quae (ferae) sunt rationis
et orationis expertes. B. eloquence; satis in
eo fnit orationis, Cic. II. Me ton., A. speech,
utterance; orationem honorum imitavi, Cic.
B. a, a set speech ; oomparare ad id longam
orationem, Cic. ; habere orationem in senatu,
Cic; in extrema oratione nostra, at the end of
our speech, Cic; b, prose (as opp. to poetry);
saepissime et in poematis et in oratione peccatur,
Cic.
oratiunciUa -ae, f. (dim. of oratio), a little
speech, short oration, Cic.
orator -oris, in. (oro), speaker. I. the spokes-
wan of an embassy, Cic. II. an orator, Cic
oratorio, adv. (oratorius), oratorically, like
an orator, Cic.
oratorius -a -tun (orator), relating to an
orator, oratorical; ingeniuni, Cic; ornamenta,
Cic
dratrix -Icis, f. (orator), a female suppliant;
virgines oratrices pads, Cic.
oratus -us, m. (oro), a request, entreaty;
oratu tuo, Cic.
orbator -oris, m. (orbo), one who deprives
another of children or parents, Ov.
orbiculatus -a -uin (orbicnlus), circular,
round ; ftp. Cic.
orbiculus -i, in. (dim. of orbla), a little circle
or disk, Plin.
orbis -is, m. a circle, ring, anything round.
I. A. Gen., torquere in orbem, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
milit, t. t. , a circle of soldiers ; in orbem eon-
sistere, Caes. ; 2, of the heavens, orbis signifer,
the zodiac, Cic ; lacteus, the Milky Way, Cic. ; 3,
a circular motion, serpentine fold, winding ; im-
niensisorbibusangucsincunibunt pelago, Verg. ;
of tlie rounding off or period of a speech, ora-
tionis or verbornm, Cic. ; orbis terrarnm, the
circle of the world, the world, Cic. II. a disk.
A. Gen., orbis mensae, a round table, Ov. B.
Esp., 1, a, the disk of the sun or moon, Liv. ; b,
13
the heavens; c, orbis terrae, the earth, (a) Cie ;
(3) poet. = land; Eons, the foist, Ov.; (y)
meton., mankind ; orbis tumie judic-io ac testim-
onio comprobari, Cic. ; 2, a, a shield, Verg. ; b,
awheel, Verg. ; the wheel of fortune, Ov. ; c, the
hollow of the eye, Ov. (local., orbi teirarum, Cic).
orbita -ac, f. (orbis), a wheel-rut, mark of
a wheel, Cic; tig., orbita veteris. rulpae, hid
example, Juv.
orbitas -St is, f. (orbns), a bereaving, bereave-
ment, loss of children or parents; orbitates lib-
erftin, Cic ; tig., orbitas reipublicae viroruin
taliuin, Cic
orbo, 1. (orbus), to bereave. I. Gen., Italiam
juventute, Cic. II. to deprive of parents or
children; Alio orbatus, Cic.
Orbona -ae, f. (orbus), the gocUiess invoked
by bereai'ed parents, Cic
orbus -a -nm (root ORB, Gk. '0?$-av6s),
deprived of. I. Gen., bereft., destitute : with abl.,
rebus omnibus, Cic ; with genit., luniinis, Ov.
II. Hup., deprived of parents ov children, bereft,
without parents or children; orbus senex, Cic;
with abl., liberis, Liv.; with genit., Memnonis
orba mei venio, Ov. ; subst., orbus -i, in. and
orba -ae, f. an orphan, Liv. ; fig., respublica,
Cic ; Sulpiciua legationem orbani reliquit, Cic
orca -ae, f. 1, a kind of whale, Plin. ; 2, an
earthenware pot or jar with a large belly, Hor.
Orcades -urn, f. islands near Scotland, now
the Orkneys.
orchas -adis, f. (6p\ds), tt species of olive,
Verg. .■
orchestra -ae, f. (opxyarpa), the part of a
Roman theatre reserved for the senators; meton.,
the senate, Juv.
Orchomenus (-5s) -i, in. and Orcho-
menum -i, n. ('Op\opev6^). I. town in Boeotia.
II. town in Arcadia.
oroinus -a -ntn (Orcus), of or relating to
Orcus or the dead ; sena'tores, those who became
senators by the will of Caesar, Suet
Orous -i, in. (connected with i'p/cos and
urgeo). I. Orcus, the infernal, regions. II. A.
the god of the lower world, fluto, Cic B. death,
Hor.
ordeum = hordeura (q.v.). m
ordia prima = primordia (q.v.).
ordinarius -a -urn (ordo), according to order,
regular, ordinary; consules, elected in the reg-
ular manner (opp. to suffecti), Liv. ; ordinarii
reipublicae usus, Liv.
ordinatim, adv. (ordinatus), 1, in order, in
good order, Caes. ; 2, regularly, properly, Caes.
ordinatio -onis, f. (ordino), a setting in
order, arrangement, Plin.
ordinatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from ordino), set
in order, arranged, orderly, Cic.
ordino, 1. (ordo), to set in order. I. a, to
plant in rows ; latins arbusta snlcis, Hor. ; b, to
arrange in rank (of soldiers); agniina, Hor.
II. Transf., 1, to settle ; aliter apud alios ordin-
atis niagistratibus, Liv. ; 2, to arrange, appoint,
settle, dispose, classify; partes orationis, Cic;
res publicas, to narrate the history of the state,
Hor.
ordior, orsus sum, 4. dep. (connected with
ordo), to begin, commence. A. Gen., alterius
vitae quoddani initium, Cic. B. Esp., in speak-
ing, to begin; with ace, sermonem, Cic; with
inlin., dc aliqua re disputare, Cic; absol., de
aliquo paulo altius, Cic. ; sic orsus Apollo,
began to speak, Verg.
ordo -inis, m. (orior). I. series, line, roiv,
order. A. Lit., olivarnm, Cic; ordine, (o) in
Ord
;iS6
Ol'sJ
(Mull, Clc. ; (/3) ill due order, Cic. ! ex online, fn
tuecession, Cic. ; in ordinem, i» order, Cic. ; nullo
online, without order, in, a disorderly manner,
Caen. ; extra onlinem, (a) in on unusual, ir-
regular manner ; nlicui proviiiciatn decemere,
Cic; 03) e.rtriwrilinniilji, very greatly, Cic. B.
Metoil., 1, a roio of seats in a theatre, Cic. ; a tow
or bank of oars in a vessel, Verg.; 2, milit. t.t.,
'nink, jite ; online* explicaro, Liv.; online cgredi,
Sail.; a company; onlinem ducere, to he a cen-
turion, Caes. ; online. 1 ) prinii, commanders, Caes. ;
3, a, politically, an order, rani; class; senat-
orius or ainplissimus, the senatorial body, Cic. ;
equester, the. body of knights, Cic; b, " class,
body of men; publicanorum, Cic II. order, ar-
rangement ; noniina In onlinem referre, Cic; res
in onlinem adducere, to put into order, Cic.
Ordovices -urn, m. a people in Britain, op-
posite to the island of Mono, now Anglesca.
Greas -adis, f. COpeia?), a mountain-nymph,
Oread, Verg.
Orestes -ae and -is, in. ('OofVnjO, son of
Agamemnon and Clytaemncstro, brother of Iphi-
genia and Electra, who killed his mother, the
murderess of his father, and with his friend
Pylades and his sister Iphigenia (priestess of
Diana in the To/uric Chersonese), carried away
the image of Diana to Italy, near Arivia. Hence,
adj., Oresteus -a -um, Orestean.
drexis -is, f. (opefis), desire, appetite, Jm\
organlcus -a -um (opyamicos), musical, re-
lating to musical instruments, Lncr. ; subst.,
organlcus -i, m. a musician, Lncr.
organum -i, n. (opyavov), any implement or
instrument, Pliii. ;' a musical instrument, a water-
organ, Suet. • f ■ -
OrgetSrix -rlgis, m. a celebrated Helvetian.
orgia -drum, n. (opyta), nocturnal festivals in
honour of Bacchus, Verg. ; and hence, any secret
festival, orgies, Juv.
orlchalcum -i, n. (!jpei\aXKo<;), yellow copper
ore; hence, brass made from it, Cic.
oricilla -ae, f. (= au'ricilla), an ear-lap, Cat.
OiiciSs -i, f. and Oricum -i, n. a town in
Epirus, now Erico. Hence, 1, adj., Orlcius
•a -um, Oriciaw; and 2, Orlcinl -Srum, m. the
inhabitants of Oricum.
[ oricfila = auricula (q.v.).
oriens -entis, m. (lit., partic. of orior, sc
sol). I. the rising sun; personif., the sun-god,
day-god, Verg., Ov. II. Sleton., 1, the cast, as a
part of the sky, Cic. ; 2, the east, as a part of
the world, Cic.
origo -bus, f. (orior). I. origin, source ;
principii nullaest origo, Cic. II. birth, descent.
A. Lit., Ov. B. Transf., a, race, Verg.; b,
ancestor, founder of a race ; pater Aeneas Roma.iae
stirpis ovigo, Verg.
Orion -onis, m. ('Dp.W), the constellation
Orion.
orior, ort us sum, firlt itrus, oriri, 4. dep. (root
OR, Gk. OP, whence opwm), to rise. I, Of
persons, quum consul oriens de nocte silentio
diecret dictatorcm, Liv. II. Transf., toarisc =
to become visible. A. Of the heavenly bodies ;
ortfi luce, in the morning, Caes.; oriens sol,
the East, Cic. B. to arise, spring from,
proceed from, come forth ; Rhenus oritur ex
Lepontiis, takes its rise, Caes. ; clamor, Caes. ;
hence, a, to be born ; cquestri loco ortus, Cic. ;
b, to grow ; nva oriens, Cic. ; c, to begin ; ab his
senno oritur, Cic. (indie pros. ace. to 3rd con jug.,
orior, orcris, oritur, orimur, orimini; so imperf.
enbj., orPretur).
Orithyia -ae, f. {'npetfvia), daughter 6j
Erechtheus, king of Athens, mother of Zeihes and
Calais by Boreas.
1. oriundus -a -inn (orior), arising from,
springing from, horn of; ab ingeilltis, Cic. ; ex
Etruscis, Liv.
2. OriundUS -i, 111. a rim- in Illyria.
Ormonis -Idis, voe. -i, f. ('Op/urn'?), the
Ormenid (granddaughter of OrmMiiis) = Asty-
damia.
ornamentum -i, n. (orno). I, equipment,
accoutrement, trappings, furniture ; eertas eopias
et ornainenta vestra, Cic. II. A. ornament,
decoration, embellishment ; omnia ornainenta ex
fano Hcrculis in oppidum contulit, Caes.; fig.,
sencctutis, Cic; esp. , rhetorical ornament; orat-
oria ornamenta dicendi, Cic. B. honour, orna-
ment, distinction ; omnia ornamenta congerere
ad aliquem, Cic.
ornate, adv. with compar. and snperl. (orn-
atus), ornately, splendidly, elegantly; eomparare
conviviuin, Cic. ; loqui, Cic
ornatrix -leis, f. (ofnator), dfemaleadarner,
a tire-woman, Ov.
1. ornatus -us, m. (orno). I. dress, attire,
equipment; militaris, Cic; regalis, Cic. II.
embellishment, decoration; 1, lit., urbis, Cic;
2, lig., verborum, Cic. ; ineton., of discourse,
embellishment, ornament; ornatum allerre ora-
tioni, Cic. ; 3, as a translation of the Greek
Kotr/io?, the world, Cic
' 2. ornatus -a -um, p. adj. (from orno). I.
furnished, equipped, accoutred, provided; scut is
telisque parati ornatique sunt, Cic II.. a,
adorned, decorated, embellished, beautiful ; oratio,
CiC; so of persons, adorned with all noble quali-
ties, admirable, illustrious; adolescens, Cic; b,
honoured; honoribus, Cic.
orno, 1. I. to equip, accoutre, provide with
necessaries, fit out ; aliquem armis, Verg. ; decein-
viros apparitoribus, Cic; classem, consules, Cic;
provinciam, to provide troops, money, etc., for
the government of a province, Cic. II. to adorn,
decorate, embellish. A. Lit., 1, doimim suani,
Cic; cornua sertis, Verg.; 2, to praise, honour,
show honour to ; fuit ornandus in Manilia lege
Pompeius, Cic. B. Transf., to adorn, decorate,
honour, distinguish; civitatem omnibus rebus,
Caes. ; aliquem laudibus, Cic.
ornus -i, f. the mountain-ash, Verg.
oro, 1. (1. os). I. to speak ; a, tali bus orabat
Juno, Verg. ; b, to speak as an orator ; vestra in
nos promerita coinplecti orando, Cic. ; ipse pro
se oravit, defended himself, Liv. ; c, to treat or
handle in speech, to argue, plead; capitis causam,
Cic; litem, Cic. II. to beg, pray, entreat,
beseech ; with ace of the person entreated,
principem, Tac. ; oro te (parenthetic), I pray,
Cic ; with ace. of the thing, auxilium ad bellum,
Liv. ; with ace. of pers. and ace. of thing, anxilia
regem, Liv. ; with ut or ne and the subj., or
subj. alone, oro ut homines conserves, Cic; with
infill., Verg. [
Erodes -is and -i, m. king of the Partitions,
who took Crassus 'jrrisoncr.
Orontes -is, m. COpovTns), the chief river oj
Syria. Hence, adj., Oronteus -a -um, poet. =
Syrian.
Orpheus -5i and -80s, ace -Sum and -6a, abl.
-eo, m. ('Op'/>fu?), a celebrated mythical minstrel
of Thrace, husband of Eurydice. Hence, adj., 1,
Orpheus -a -um ; and 2, Orphicus -a -um,
Orphic, of or relating to Orpheus. .
orphus -i, m. (ip(£<k), a sea-fish, Ov. ■ -•
orsa -orum, n. (ordior), 1, a beginning, com-
ora
OSt
mencement, undertaking, Liv.; 2, p'"--t., specdi,
words, Verg.
I. orsus -us, in. (ordinr), « beginning, itiuhr-
taking, C'ic.
-'. orsus -a -ura, partic. of oitlior.
orthographia -ae, f. (opOoyp.upLi), orlho-
yiitphy, Nuet.
Ortona -ae, f. tuwiioftlieFrentaiii in hntium,
jinw Ortomi.
1. ortus -us, in. (orior). I. a rising uf the
heavenly bodies ; 1, lit., solis et; lunae reliquor-
urnque sideriim ortus, Cic. ; 2, melon., solis,
the east, Cic. II. a, birth ; primo ortu, imme-
diately after birth, Cic; ortu Tusculanus, Cic;
ortum ducere ab Elide, Cic. ; b, origin, source ;
tribuniciae potestatis, Cic.
2. ortus -a -um, partic. of orior.
Ortygia -ae, f. and Ortygie -es, f. ('Op™-
yia). I. an island forming part of Syracuse.
II. the old name of the island of Delos. Hence,
adj., OrtyglUS -a -um, Ortygian.
6ryx -ygis, ni. (°pvf ), a species of wild goat or
gazelle, Juv.
oryza -ae, f. (opu£a), rice, Hor.
1. OS, oris, n. I. the mouth; 1, lit, cadit
frustum ex ore pulli, Cic. ; aliqaem semper in
ore habere, to be always talking about, Cic. ; in
ore vulgi esse, Cic. ; alicui esse ante os, before
one's eyes, Cic. ; uno ore, unanimously, Cic ; in
ora vulgi (liomiuum) abire (pervenire), Cat. ; 2,
transf., mouth, opening ; portus, Cic; dolii, Liv.;
source, ora novem Timavi, Verg. II. the face,
countenance. A. 1, lit., in ore liominum, in the
presence of men, Cic; 2, meton., used for im-
pudence, sha mi. less n ess ; nostis os liominis, nostis
audaciam, Cic. B. amask;Qorgonis, Cic
2. OS, ossis, ii.. a bone; dolorem cineri eius
atqoe ossibus inussisti, Cic; ossa legere, to
gather up the ushes of the bones after the burning
of a corpse, Cic ; turn vera exarsit juveni dolor
ossibus ingens, in his heart, Verg. ; fig., of
orators, imitari uon ossa solum sed etiam san-
guinein, Cic; of a meagre style, ossa nudare,
Cic.
Osca -ae, f. town in Hispania Tarraconensis,
now liuesca. Hence, adj., Oscensis -e, be-
longing to Osca.
oscen -Inis, m. (=obscen from obs and cano),
1. 1. of augural language, a bird from whose note
auguries were taken (e.g., the raven, owl, crow),
Hor.
Osci -oram, an ancient people of Italy ; hence,
adj., Oscus -a -um, Oscan.
oscillum -i, n. (dim. of 1. os), a little mask,
Verg.
osoitanter, adv. (oscito), yawningly, care-
lessly, negligently, Cic.
oscltatio -Onis, f. (oscito), the opening of the
mouth, a gaping, Plin.
oscito, 1. (perhaps from os ami cieo =
moveo), to open tin mouth, ga)*, yawn, Cic ; llg.,
to be lazy, idle, inactive; oscitat Epicurus, Cic
osculabundus -a -um (osculor), kissing,
Suet.
oaculatio -finis, f. (osculor), a kissing, Cic
osculor, 1. dep. (osculum), tokiss ; consulem
fdium, Cic. ; tig., to caress, make much of, make a
pet of; scientiam juris tamquam filiolain osculai i
suain, Cic
osculum -i, n. (dim. of 1. os). I. a little
mouth;, oscula summa delibare, Verg. II,
>Ieton., a kiss; oscula ferre, Cic.
Osiris -ris, -ridis and -ridoa, m. ("0<7ip<s\
husband of lsU, god of Egypt, the genius of the
Nile.
Ossa -ae, in. ("Oo-va), a high mountain in
//, now Kissavo. Adj., Ossaeus -a -um,
belonging to Ossa.
osscus -a -um (2. os). made of bone, like bon?,
I in ll II, Juv.
ossifragus -i, in. and ossifraga -ae, f.
(2. os and frango), the seu-cagle, osprey, Lucr. .
OStendo -tendi -tentum and (later) -tcnsuni,
3. (obs and lendo), to show, display, exhibit,
expose to view. I. Lit., a, os suuin populo
Romano, Cic. ; cquites sese ostenduut, come in.
sight, Caes. ; b, to expose, lay open ; Bupiaatap
Aquiloni glebas, Verg. ■ II, Fig., 1, to show,
display; spem, inetum, Cic; 2, esp. of dis-
course, to show, make plain, declare ; nihil sibi
gratius ostendit futurum esse, Cic. ; quid sui
consilii sit ostendit, Caes.
ostentatio -onis, f. (ostento). I. a show-
ing, displaying, reveiding ; ostentationis causa
latins vagari, Caes. II. Transf., a, a boasting,
display, ostentation; ingenii, Cic; b, false,
deceitful show, pretence ; consul vcritale, nou
ostentatione popularis, Cic.
ostentator -Oris, in. (usteuto) one who sliows
boast iugly, a boaster, vaunter,panider ; factorum,
Liv.
ostento, 1. (intens. of ostendo), to hold out,
offer. I. Lit., A. alicui jugula sua pro capitc
alicuius, Cic. B. a, to show publicly, display,
exhibit; passum capillum, Caes.; b, to show
huastingly; equumarmaque capta, Liv. II. Fig.,
A. to hold before a person's eyes, to show boast-
ingly, to proffer, promise; agrum, Cic B. 1,
to show off, display ; prudcntiain, Cic. ; 2, to hold
out with a menace, threaten; eaedem, Cic; 3,
to show, reveal; a, so in aliis rebus, Cic; b,
of discourse, to ?hw, declare, make known ;
et simul ostentavi tibi me istis esse familiarern,
Cic
ostentum (ostendo) -i, n. a prodigy, por-
tent ; magnorum periculorum inetus ex osteutis
portend itur, Cic.
ostentus, dat. -ui, abl. -Q, m. (ostendo). I.
a silencing, displaying; corpora abjecta ostentui,
for a show, Tac. II. 1, outward shmo, parade ;
ilia deditiouis signa ostentui esse, .Tac. ; 2, a
sign, indication, proof; ut Jugurthae scclerum
ostentui essem, Sail.
Ostia -ae, f. and Ostia -firum, n. (ostium),
the harbour and port of Rome, situate at the mouth
of the Tiber. Heuce, adj., Ostiensis -c, relat-
ing to Ostia ; incommodum, the destruction, of
the Roman fleet by the pirates, Cic. ; provincia,
the of/ice of the quaestor, who superintended the
aqueducts and the supply of corn to the city, Cic.
ostiarius -a -um (ostium), belonging to a-
door; subst, 1, ostiarius -Ii, m. a doorkeeper,
porter, Varr. ; 2, ostiarlum -ii, n. (sc. tri-
but um), a tax upon doors, a door-tax, Caes.
ostiatim, adv. (ostium), from door to door,
from house to house; compilare totuni oppidum,
Cic.
ostium -Ii, n. (1. os), the entrance. I. portus,
Cic. ; fluminis Cydui, mouth, Cic. ; Oceani, Straits
of Gibraltar, Cic. II. the door of a house; ex-
actio ostiorum, the door-tax, Cic. ; aperto ostio
dormire, Cic. ' .
ostrea -ae, f. and ostreum -i, n. (Sa-rpeov),
an oyster, Hor.
ostreatus -a -um (ostrea), roughlikean oyster*
shetl, Flaut.
ostreosus -a -urn (ostrea), abounding in,
oyster*, Cut, —
ost
38s pac
ostrifer -fera -ferum (ostreitm and fero), pro-
ducing oysters, Verg.
OBtrinus -a -urn (ostium), purple; colores,
Prop.
OStriim -i, n. (ovrpcov), 1, the purpk dye. pre-
pared from a shcll-flsh ; vestes ostro perfusae,
Verg. ; 2, stuff dyed with purple, a purple dress,
Verg.
osus -a -urn, partic of Cdi (q.v.).
dtho -Onis, in. a Roman name; 1, L. Hoscius
Otho, author of a law airing special seats in the
theatre to the knights; 2, M. Salvias Otho, a
Borruin emperor .who succeeded Oalba. Hence,
dthdnianus -a -um, relating to Otho.
Othr^ades -ae, m. ( 'OfyvaSr)?). I. son of
Othrys = 1'anthus. II. a Spartan general, the
sole survivor in a battle with the Argircs.
Othrys -JOS, m, ("O0j}v?)> a high mountain
in Thessaly.
otiolum -i, n. (dim. of otium), a little leisure;
ap. Cic.
otlor, 1. dep. (otium), to be idle, to be at
leisure; quuin se Syracusas otiandi non negot-
iandi causa contulisset, Cic.
otiose, adv. (otiosus). I. idly, without occu-
pation, Cic. II. leisurely, lazUy, gently, quietly,
Cic.
Otiosus -a -um (otium), idle, at leisure, with-
out occupation. I. Lit., a, homo, Cic. ; tempus,
Cic. ; b, free from public duties, occupied in
literary work only ; numqnam se minus otiosum
esse quam quum otiosus, Cic. ; c, politically in-
different, neutral, quiet; istos otiosos reddair.,
Cic. II. Transf., quiet, calm, undisturhed,
Cic.
Otium -ii, n. (opp. negotium), idleness,
leisure, ease; a, otium inertissimutn et desidios-
issiraum, Cic; hebescere et languescere in otio,
Cic; b, leisure, time for anything ; otium sunm
consumere in historia scribenda, Cic ; otium
litteratum, Cic. ; si modo tibi est otium, if only
thou hast time, Cic; c, peace, repose, quicr ss;
multitude insolens belli dluturnltateotii, Caes. ;
otium domesticum, Cia ; valde rae ad otium
pacemque converto, Cic. ; ab hoate otium fuit,
Liv.
OVatio -onis, f. (ovo), an owtion, a kind of
lesser triumph in which the victorious general
■proceeded to the Capitol on horseback or on foot,
Plin.
OvidiUS -li, m., P. Ovidius Naso, the cele-
brated Roman poet, born at Sulmo, B.C. 43, died
A.D. 17.
dvlle -is, n. (ovis), 1, a sheepfold, Verg. ; 2,
on enclosed place in. the Campus Martins, where
votes were, given at the Comitia, Liv.
OvlliuB -a -um (cvis), of or relating to sheep;
ap. Liv.
OVla -is f. (Sit), a sheep. I. a, lit, pnscerc
oves, Verg. ; b, transf., as a term of reproach,
simple, foolish fellow, Plant. II. Meton., poet.
= wool, Tib.
6vo, 1. (euoe, like Gr. tva£a>). I. to rejoice,
exult; ovans victoria, Liv. II. to celebrate an
ovation ; ovantem in Capitolium ascendisse,
Cic.
cvum -I, n.(u>6v),l, an egg; ovum gignere, or
parerc, to lay an egg, Cic; prov., integram famem
ad ovum afTerre, tn the beginning of the men' fa
Roman dinners often began with eggs), Cic. ; ab
ovo usque ad mala, from beginning to end, Hor. ;
2, transf., cne of the seven egg-shaped balls by
<whieh the heats in the circus were counted; ova
curriculis numcrondis, Liv.
P.
1) P, the fifteenth letter of tlie Latin alphabet,
. . corresponds with the Greek, pi (n, w). For
the use of P. in abbreviations, see Table "1
Abbreviations.
■ pabulatio -onis, f. (pabulor), mwuriug <)
fodder, foraging ; pabnlatione interelndi, Caes.
pabulator -oris, in. (pabulor), a famgn;
Caes.
pabulor, 1. dep. (pabulum), to forage, seek
fodder, Caes.
pabulum -i, n. (pasco). I. Lit., 1, food,
nutriment; pabula caelestia, ambrosia, Ov. ; 2,
the food of animals, fodder; pabulum secure,
convehere, Caes. II. Transf., food, ?!on?-is/i-
ment; studii atque doctrinae, Cic.
pacalis -e (pax), belonging or relating to
peace, peaceful ; Jaurus, Ov.
pacatUS -a -um, p. adj. (from paco), pacified,
made peaceful; and hence, peaceful, quiet; a,
lit., pacatae tranquillaeque civitates, Cic; mare,
Hor.; subst.,pacatura-i, n. a peaceful, friendly
country; ex "pacatis praedas agere, Sail.; b,
transf., illorum oratio paeatior, Cic.
Pachynum -i, n. and Pachynus (-8s)
-i, f. (ITaxvi'os), the south-east promontory of Sicily,
now Capo di Passaro.
pacifer -f$ra -ferum (pax and feio), peace-
bringing, establishing or announcing peace ; oliva,
Verg.; frequently used as an epithet of the
gods, e.g., of Mercury, Ov.
pacif icatio -onis (pacifico). f. an establishing
of peace, pacif cation, Cic.
pacificator -oris (pacifico), m. one who
establishes peace, a pacificator, Cic.
pacificatorius -a -um (pacifico), establish-
ing peace, pacificatory ; legatio, Cic.
pacifico, 1. (pax and facio), to reconcile ap-
pease, pacify ; eaeieste.s heros, Cat.
paoificor, 1. dep. (pax and facio), to make
peace; pacificatum legati veniunt, Liv.
pacif ious -a -urn (pax and facio), peace-
making,- pacific; persona, Cic
paciscor, partus sura, 3. dep. (root PAC,
whence pac-s, * pago, pango), to make a bargain,
contract, agreement with any one, to agree, stipu-
lateaboutcinything; a,intransit.,cum illo, Plant.;
paciscitur magnS mercede cum Celtiberorum
principibus, ut copias inde abducant, Liv. ; pac-
isci cum decumano, Cic. ; b, transit., provinc-
iam, Cic. ; pretium, Cic. ; ex qua domo pactus
esset (feniinam), betrothed himself, Liv.; with
infin., to bind oneself ; stipendium populo Romano
dare, Liv. Partic , pactus -a -um, pass. =
agreed upon, promised, appointed, settlal ; pactam
esse diem, Cic.
paco, 1. (pax), to reduce, to peace, pacify, make
peaceful, Cie. ; a, Amaninn, Cic; omncin Gal-
liam, Caes. ; b, poet., to make fruitful ; incnlt.au
pacantur vomere silvae, Hor.
Pacorus -i. m. (riaicopos), son of Orodes,
king of Farthia, enemy of the Homans, born
about 63 B.C.
pacta -ae, f. (paciscor), a betrothed spouse,
Verg.
pactio -onis, f. (paciscor), a bargain, con-
tract, covenant, agreement, treaty. I. Gen.,
facere pactionem de aliqua re, Cic. : anna
per factionem dare, to capitulate, Liv. II. A. a
contract between the farmers of the taxes of a
province and its inhabitants; pactionos conficerc.
Pac
389
Pal
Cic. B. <! fraudulent or collusive agreement ;
pactiouis suspicio, Cic.
Pactolus -i, III. (HaKTuAoi), a river iii Lydia,
said In bring down, golden sands, now Sarabat.
Adj., Pactolis -ittis, f. of Pactolus; Nyinpliac,
Ov.
pactor -Oris, in. (paciscor), one who indies a
contract or treaty, negotiator; societatis, Cic.
pactum -i, 11. (paciscor), a bargain, contract,
agreement, covenant, treaty, jxxct ; maiiere in
j):ii-l <», Cic. ; transf., nullo pacto, by no means,
Cic. ; alio pacto, in another way, Cic. ; isto
pacto, in that way, Cic.
pactus -a -inn, partic. of paciscor.
PacuviUS-ii,m.,M. Facuvius, aJio»tail tragic
poet of lirnndisium, nephew of Ennius, flourish-
ing about the time of the Second Punic War ; died
ut Tarciiluin, about 132 B.C.
Pad us -i, in. the largest river in Italy, now
the. Po.
Padusa -ae, f. a canal running from the Po
In Havenna, now Canall di S. Alberti.
Paean -auis, in. (nniac). I. Lit., the Healer,
a surname of Apollo, Cic. II. Melon., a hymn,
paean, originally addressed to Apollo only, but
afterwards to other deities; conclainaut soeii
lactam paeana secuti, Verg.
paedagOgUS -i, in. (iraiSayuiyot), a slave
icho accompanied children to and from school and
had charge of them at home, Cic.
paedor -oris, in. dirt, filth, Cic.
paelex = pelex (q.v.)
Paeligni -orum, m. an Italian tribe In
Samnium, in modern Abruzzo Citcriore. Hence,
Paelignus -a -urn, Pelignian ; anus, a witch,
Hor.
paene, adv. nearly, almost; paene amicus, Cic.
paeninsula -ae, f. (paene and insula), a
peninsula, Liv.
paenula -ae, f. (</>ati'oA>js), a species of over-
coat, without sleeves, and close to the*body, worn
on a journey, or in wet, cold weather, Cic. ; pro v.,
paenulain alicui scindeie, to beg a guest very
earnestly tu remain, Cic.
paenulatus -a -una (paenula), clothed in the
paenula, Cic.
paeon -onis , in. (ir<moi>), a metrical foot, con-
sisting uf three short syllables and one long, Cic.
Paeones -nm, in. (iTaioi-e?), the Paeonians,
the people of Paeonia ; sing., Pacou -Onis, in.
Hence, A. Paeonia -ae, f. (Ilatoi'ia), Paeoniu,
a district of Macedonia, afterwards EnuUhia.
B. Paeonis f. a Pueonian woman.
PaeoniUS -a -UlU (riauono?), relating to the
god of healing, Apollo, medicinal; herbae, Verg.
Paestum -i, n. a. town in Lucania, famous
fur its roses, now Pesto. Hence, Paestanus -a
-nm, of Paestum.
paetulus -a -uni (dim. of paetus), having a
slight oast in the eye, Cic.
paetUS -a -uni, having a cast in the eyes,
lilink-eyetl ; and, as an epithet of Venus, having
an engaging leer, leering prettily, Hor.
paganus -a -um (pagus), belonging or relating
to a village, rural; focus, Ov. ; and hence,
paganus -i, 111., subst-, 1, a villager, country-
man, Cic; 2, a peuon in civil life, a civilian,
(opp. miles), Tac.
Pagasa -ae, f. and Pagase -eg, f. and
Pagasae -arum, f. (n<rya<r<ju')i a seaport of
Thessaly, where the ship Argo was built; hence,
adj., Pagasaeus tfl •um, Pagusean ; puppis,
Cillina, the 4 run, fty, ; COHJI|X, AJrestis, ituugMrr
of the Thessaiian king Pelias, Ov. ; Pagascus,
Jason, leader of the Argonauts, Ov.
pagatim, adv. (pagus), in villages, by vil-
lages, Liv,
pagella -ae, f. (dim. of pagina), a little page,
Cic._
pagina -ae, I'. ( pago, pango). I. a page
ov leaf of paper, or of a book; complete paginam,
Cic. II. Transf., a leaf, slab, tablet; pagina
lionorum, a list of titles and honours on a statue,
Juv._
paginula ac, f. (dim. of pagina), a little
page, Cic.
pagur -i, in. a fish of unknown species, Ov.
pagus -i, ill. (pango). I. a village; a, as
a place, Liv. ; b, collectively, the inhabitants of
a village; pagus agat festum, Ov. II. a district,
canton, province (esp. of the Germans and Gauls);
omnis civitas Helvetia in quatuor pagos divisa,
Caes.
pala -ae, f. (for pagela from pango). I. a
spade, Liv. II, the socket of a ring in which the
jewel is set, the bezel of a ring, Cic.
Palaemon -mom's, in. (HaWfuuf). I. a
sea-god, formerly called Melicerta. II. a shep-
herd, Verg.
Palaepharsalus -i, f. Old PharsaUs, a
town in Thessaly, near Pharsalus, now Farsa.
Palaeopolls, ace. -pdlim, f. (iiuXuion-oA.is),
the older part of the town of Neapolis in Cam-
pania. Hence, Palaeopolitani -Orum, m.
the inhabitants of Palaeopolls.
Palaeste -es, f. (Ua\a.i.o-rTJ), a town of the
province Chaonia in Epirus, now Palam. Hence,
adj., Palaestinus -a -um, relating to Palaeste.
Palaestina -ae, f. andPalaestine -£s, f.
(ria\ai<riu'»)), Palestine; hence, adj., Palaest-
inus -a -um, rebitiug to Palestine; aqua, tlic
Euphrates, Ov. ; subst., Palaestini -Orum, in.
= the Syrians, Ov.
palaestra -ac, f. (n-aAai'o-Tpa). 1. a gymna-
siumor wrestling school ; a, lit., Cic. ; b, transf.,
a school of rhetoric, Cic. II. Meton. , a, wrestling;
discere palaestram, Cic; b, exercise in the schools
of rhetoric, rhetorical exercises, rhetorical practice ;
quasi quandam palaestram et cxtrema linea-
ments, orationi attulit, Cic; c, art; utemur
ea palaestra, Cic.
palaestrice, adv. (palaestricus), after the
manner of the palaestra ; spatiari in xysto, Cic.
palaestricus -a -um (n-aAaio-Tpiicos), of or
relating to the palaestra ; inotus, Cic.
palaestrita -ae, in. (iraAaiorpi'njs), ihesuper-
intendent of a pidaestra, Cic.
palam (from same root as planus, irKarvt,
pellis, etc.). I. Adv., openly, publicly. A. Lit,
rem gerit, Cic. B. 1, openly, without conceal-
ment; palam agere et aperte dicere, Cic; 2,
onenly, apparently, evidently; palam proferre;
Cic; 3, palam factum est (with ace and infln.),
itis well known, Cic II. Prep. (= coram), with
abl., in the presence of; populo, Liv. ; me, Ov.
Palamedes -is, in. (ilaAo/i^iij?), son of the
Euboean king Wauplius, the mythical inventor of
the hdance, of dice, and of some of the Greek letters,
one of the Greek heroes in the Trojan war, put to
death through a false accusation by Ulysses.
Palatium -li, n. I. the Palatine Hill in
Rome, an which Augustus had his house. Hence,
II. o palace ; Palatia fulgent, Ov. Hence, adj.,
Palatums -a -um, Palatine; a, of or relating
to the Palatine Hill; A polk), whose temple was on
the Palatine, Hor. ; Palatma tribus or subst.,
Palatina -ae, f. the Palatine tribe, Cic ; b,
relating tu the imperi"! pultfc, imperial, Ov.
pal
390
pal
palatum -i, n. and palatus -i. m. I. the
palate as the organ of taste; quae voluptas palato
pereipiatur, Cic. ; fig., taste, critical judgment,
the palate as the organ of tastt and judgment;
Epicurus cluui palato quid sit optimum judicat,
Cic; the palate at the organ of speech; feriro
balba verba palato, Hor. II. Transf., palatum
cacli, the vault of the heavens ; ap. Cic.
palea -ae, f. chaff, Cic.
palear -ilris, n. the dewlap of an ox; gen.
plur., Verg.
Pales -is, f. (PA, n\-w, pasco), the tutelary
goddess of herds and shepherds. Hence, adj.,
FalUis -e, belonging to Pales ; flamina, a Jire
of straw, part of the ceremonies at the feast of
Pales; subst., Palllla -ium, n. the feast of Pales
on the 21st of April,
. Palici -drum, m. (sing.. Palicus, Verg., Ov.),
twin sons of Jupiter by the nymph Aetna, wor-
shipped as heroes in Sicily.
Pulilis -e, v. Pales.
palimpsestos -i, m. (jraAi'/u^Tjaros), pa h-
ment, from which old writing lias been erased for
the purpose of using the parchment again, a
palimpsest, Cic.
PalinUTUS -i, m. (Ua\ivoiipoq). I. the pilot
of Aeneas who fell into the sea off the coast of
Lucania. II. « promontory on the west coast of
Lucania, now Cap Palinuro.
palluru3 -i, ni. (n-aAi'oupos), a plant, Christ's
thorn (Rhamnus Paliurtis, Linn.), Verg.
palla -ae, f. a long and wide outer garment
worn by Roman women, also by tragic actors, Ilor.
pailaca -ae, f. (ttoAAuioj), a concubine, Suet.
Pallacine -es, f. a place in Home. Henre,
Pallacinus -a -tun, relating to Pallacine.
1. Pall&S -adis and -ados, f. (ITaAAds), the
Greek name of Minerva, goddess of wisdom, and
discoverer of the olive ; Palladis ales, the owl, Ov.;
arbor, the olive-tree, Ov. ; nieton., a, the olive-tree,
Ov. ; b, olive-oil, Ov. ; c, the image of Palln.s, the
Palladium, Ov.; hence, adj., Palladius-a-uni,
of or relating to Pallas; rami, olive branches,
Verg. ; latices, oil, Ov. ; ratis, the ship Argo, Ov.;
arces, Athens, Ov. ; subst., Palladium -ii, n.
the image of Pallas in Troy, which fell from
lieai-en.
2. Pallas -antis, m. (riaXAa^). I. son of
Pandion, father (according to one legend) of
Minerva. II. grandfather or great-grandfather
of Evander. III. son of Evander. IV. one of
the giants. Hence, A. Pallanteus -a -uin,
belonging to Pallas; subst,, Pallanteum -i
(sc. oppiduin); a, a town in Arcadia; b, a
town in Italy on the site of Rome. B. Pal-
lantias -Mis, f. Aurora, a descendant of Pallas
(IV.). C. Pallantls -Idos = Pallantias. D.
Pallantius -a -um, relating to rallas (II. or
HI.), heros, Evander, Ov.
pallens -en lis, p. ndj. (from palleo). I. A.
pride, wan : umbrae Erebi, Verg. B. pale or wan
in colour, pale-yellow, pale-green; violae, Verg. ;
hedera, Verg. II. making pale, causing yxdc-
ness; morbi, Verg.
palleo -iii, 2. to be pale. I. Gen., A. 1, lit.,
sudat. pallet, Cic. ; 2, nieton., a, to be. jxde or
sick with desire, to long for ; argenti pallet amorr,
Hor.; b, to be pide with fear or anxiety; ad
omnia fulgura, Juv. ; poiitum, to pale at the sight
of, Hor. B. Transf., to lose one's natural colour,
Ov. II. to be yellow, Ov.
pallcsco, pallfii, S. to grow pedr, turn pale,
lose colour. I. Lit., nulla culpa, Hor. II.
Transf., to grow yellow ; paljescimt froiujes, Qv,
palllatus -a -um (pallium), clad in a pallium,
i.e., as a Greek (opp. togat us, clad as a Roman);
Graeculus, Cic.
palliddlus -a -um (dim. of pallidus), some-
what pale, Cat.
pallidus -a -um (palleo), pale, wan, pallid-.
I. Gen. 1, lit., pallida seili, pale with fright,
Ov. ; 2, nieton., pass., causing paleness; mors,
Hor. II. yellow, olive-green, Cat.
palliolatus -a -um (pallidum), wearing a
cloak, cape, or hood, Suet.
paUIolum -i, n. (dim. of pallium), 1, a little
Greek cloak or mantle, Plant. ; 2, « hoed, Ov.
pallium -i, n. I. a coverlet, Ov. II. along
Greek mantle, Cic.
pallor -oris, m. (palleo), paleness, pallor ; 1,
lit,, terrorem pallor consequitur, Cic; amant-
ium, Hor.; 2, meton., anxiety, fright; personif.
as a goddess, Liv. ; 3, unsightliness, unpleasant
colour, Ov.
palma -ae, f. (waXaun). I. the pedm of the
hand; 1, lit,, Cic; 2, meton., a, the whole
hand, the hand, Cic. ; b, the hla.de of an oar,
Cat. II. the palm-tree ; 1, lit., Plin. ; 2, meton.,
a, the fruit of the palm, a date, Ov. ; b, a palm-
branch, a besom or broom naale of palm-branches,
Hor. ; the palm-branch as a token of victory,
Liv.; hence, (a) the reward of victory ; palmam
dare, accipcre, Cic. ; fig., palmam ferre, Cic. ;
fame, Liv.; (j9) victory; alicui banc palmam
reservare, Cic III. a shoot, twig; palma stip-
itis, Liv.
palmaris -e (palma), deserving the palm or
prize, excellent, admirable; statua, Cic; sen-
tentia, Cic.
palmarlum -ii, n. (palma), a masterpiece,
Ter.
palmatus -a -um (palma), worked or em-
broidered with palm-branches; tunica (worn by
triumphing generals), Liv.
palmes -Itis, m. (palma), a young branch or
shoot of a vine, a vine-sprout, Verg.
palmetum -i, n. (palma), a palm-grore,
Hor.
palmlfer -fSra -ferum (palma and fero), pro-
ducing pedm-trees, abounding in palm-trees, Ov.
palmosus -a -um (palma), full of palms,
Verg.
palmula -ae, f. (dim. of palma), the Hade of
an oar, an oar, Verg.
palmus -i, m. (palma), the palm of the hand,
Plin. ; as a measure, a span (i of a Roman foot),
Plin.
palor, 1. dep. to wander about, stray about;
agmen palatur per agios, Liv.; palantia sidera,
Lucr.
palpebra -ae, f. (palpo), the eyelid; gen.
plur., palpebrae, the eyelids, Cic.
palplto, 1. to move quickly, tremble, palpitate,
throb ; cor palpitat, Cic. ; esp. of persons in
death-agony, Ov.
1. palpo, 1. and palpor. 1. dep. I. to
stroke or touch gently, Ov. II. Fig., to coax,
wheedle, caress; with dat,, scribenti palparer,
ap. Cic. ; with ace, quein munere palpat, Juv.
2. palpo -onis, m. (1. palpo), a cocrxer,
whcedler, flatterer, Pers.
paludamentum -i, n. the militrmj vhntk, a
soldier's cloak, esp., n general's cloak, Liv.
paludatus -a -um, clad in the military clwl;
dressed in a general's cloak; Pansa uostjer palud-
atus profectus est, Cic
O)
paludosus -a -flm (2. palus), marshy, boggy.
pal
391
Pan
palumbes (palumbls) -is, m. and f. a
wood-pigeon, ring-dove, Verg.
1. pains -i, m. (for paglus, from * pago,
pango), a pale or stake. I. Gen., aliquem ad
palum alligare or deligare, Cic. II. Milit. 1. 1.,
a stake on which Roman recruits exercised their
weapons; aut quis non vidit vulncra pali? Juv.
2. palUS -nil is, f. stagnant water, a swamp,
marsh, morass, bug, fill, Cic. ; tarda pains, the
Styx, Verg.
paluster -tris -tie (2. palus). I. marshy,
l°90'J, finny; liinus paluster, lav.; plur.,
palustria -Inm, n. marshy places, Plin. II.
found or living in marshes ; ranac, Hor.
Pamphylia -ae, f. (iTap.cpiMia), a district in
Asia Minor, between Cilicia and Lycia. Adj.,
Pamphylius -a -iini, Pamphylian.
pampincus -a -um (pampinus), pertaining
to or consisting of vine-tendrils or leaves; liastae,
garlanded with vine-leaves, Verg. ; corona, of
vine-leaves, Tae.
pampinus -i, m. and f. a vine-tendril, vine-
leaf; uva vestita pampiim;, Cic.
Pan, Panis and Panos, m. (Jlav), the god of
woods and shepherds ; plur., Panes, rural deities
resembling Pan.
panacea -ae, if. and panacea -is, n. and
panaX -ftcis, 111. (-aiaxeia, irava-Kd, irdvat;,
lit., all-healing), a fabulous plant, to ivhich was
attributed the power of healing all diseases, pana-
cea-, heal-all, Verg.
Panaetius -li, m. (IJaramos), a Stoic philo-
sopher of Rhodes, teacher and friend of the younger
Hcipio Africanus, 185-112 b.c.
Panaetolicus -a -uin (ilaraiTwAiicds), re-
lating to the whole of Aetolia ; consilium, Liv.
Panaetolius -a -um (nou-aiTwAios), relating
to the whole of Aetolia; consilium, Liv.
panarium -ii, n. (panis), a bread-basket,
Plni.
Panathenaicus -a -um (Uava6rivaiK6s), of
or relating to the Athenian festival of the Pan-
athenaea; hence, subst., Panathenaicus
-i, m. an oration of Isocrates delivered at the Pan-
athenaea, Cic.
panax = panacea (q.v.).
Panchaia -ae, f. (Ilayxaia), a fabv Urns island
in the Indian Ocean, near Arabia, famous for its
incense; hence, adj., Panchaius and Pan-
chaeus -a -um, Panchean.
panchrestus -a -um (irdyxpno-Tos), good or
•useful for everything ; inedieamentum, sovereign
remedy, i.e., gold, Cic.
pancratium (-<Sn) -ii, n. (TrayxpdTiov), a
gymnastic contest, including both boxing and
wrestling, Prop.
Pandataria (Pandateria) -ae, f. (riai-
fioTopio), an island in the bay of Naples, a
place of exile under the Emperors, now Van-
dotina.
Pandion -Snis, m. (Ttav&iw), a king of
Athens, father of Prog ne and Philomela; Pandi-
onis populus, the Athenians, Lucr. ; Pandiono
nata, Progne or Philomela, Ov. ; hence, adj.,
PandiSnlus -a -um, poet. = Athenian.
J. pando, 1. (paudus), to lend, low, curve,
Pirn.
2. pando, pandi, pansum and passuin, 3.
I. to stretch out, extend, expand; a, lit., vela,
Cic; pennas ad solem, Verg. ; crines passi,
capillus passus, dishevelled hair, Caes. ; passis
manibus or palniis, with outstretched hands,
Caes. ; b, fig., alia divina bona longe lateque se
{wndnnt, Cic. JJ, Transf., A. to throw open;
and in pass., to open itself, open ; a, lit., jauuaui,
Plant. ; mocnia urbis, Verg. ; panduntur inter
online* viae, Liv. ; b, fig., (a) to open, throw
open; viam alicui ad dominationem, Liv. ; (£) to
lay open inspcecli, tell, announce, explain; noiuen,
Ov. ; res, Verg. B. to spread out to dry in the
sun; racemi passi, Verg. ; lac passuin, curdled,
Ov. .. .
Pandrosos -i, f. (nd>/$po<ros), daughter, of
Cecrops.
pandus -a -um, bent, curved, bowed, crooked,
Verg.
pancgyricus-i, in. (iranjyvpucdt), an oration
of Isocrates, celebrating tlie glories of Athens,
Cic.
Pangaeus mons, in. and poet., Pangaoa
■Brum, n. (to nayyaior), a mountain of Mace-
donia on the Thraeiam borders.
pango, panxi, panctum, and pegi and
peplgi, pactum, 3. (stem PAG, whence pac-s,
paciscor, Gr. IIAr, whence mjyirufii). to fasten,
Jix, drive in. I. Lit., clavum, Liv. II. Transf.,
A. 1, to make, undertake; neque prima per artem
teinptainenta tui pepigi, Verg.; 2, to compose,
write; versus do rerum natura, Lucr. ; poemata,
Hor.; aliquid Sophocleum, Cic. B. to fix; 1,
terminos, tines, Cic. ; 2, to agree upon, stipulate,
contract; a, pacem, Liv. ; with genit. or abl. of
price, tanti pepigerat, Liv. ; pretium quo pepig-
erant, Liv. ; with ut and the subj., ut vobis
mitterem ad bellum auxilia pepigistis, Liv. ;
with infill., obsides dare pepigerant, Liv. ; b,
esp., used frequently of a contract of marriage,
haec mihi se pepigit, pater hauc tibi, -has be-
trothed, Ov.
panicum -i, n. the Italian panic grass, or
wild millet (panicum Italicum, Linn.), Caes.
panis -is, m. (root PA, Gr. IIA, whenee
pa-sco, jrd-OMcu), bread ; panis cibarius, comvwn
bread, Cic. ; secnudus, black bread, Hor. ; plur.,
ex hoc (genere radicis) efl'ecti panes, Caes. ■
Paniscus -i, ni. (IWiVkos), a sylvan deity,
a little Pan, Cic.
panniculus -i, in. (dim. of pannus), a little
rug; bombycinus, a thin and scanty garment,
Juv. . , .
Pannomi :5rum, m. the Pannonians, in>
habitants' of Pannonia. . Hence, Pannonia -ae,
f. Pannonia, a district between Dacia, Koricum,
and Illyria, part of modem Hungary, Slavunia
and Bosnia. . , ' ,:.'
pannosus -a -um (pannus), ragged, tattered,
Cic.
pannuoeus (-1US) -a -um (pannus), wrinkled,
shrivelled, Pers.
pannus -i, in. (iriji-os). I. a piece of cloth,
garment ; assuitur pannus, Hor. ; a bandagt for
the head, Ov. ; in sing, or plur., used contempt-
uously, shabby clothes, rags, Hor. lit a rag,
shred, Hor.
Panomphaeus -i, in; (iWoM^aios), th&
founder of oracles, surname of Jupiter. '
1. PanSpe -es, f. (niwdin]), an old' town in
Phocis, on the Ccphisus.
2. Panope -es, f. and Panopea -ae, f. a
sca-nymph.
Panormus -i, f. and Panormum -i, n. a
town on the north coast of ,Sicily, colony of the
Phoenicians, near modern Palermo. Hence, adj.,
Panorrnitanus -a -um, belonging to Panormus.
pansa -ae (pando), splay-footed, having broad
feet, Plant.
pansus -a -um, panic, of pando.
Pantagles (-as) -ae, in. (navrayivi), a
small river on the eqst coast of Hi<;il>(,
pan
392
par
panthera -ae, f. (wdvOnpa), a panther, Cic.
Pantheum -i, n. (Ilo^fleiov), a temple of
Jupiter at Home, built by Agrippa.
Panthous (-Sds)(ll<n0oos), and Panthus
■i, m. (Tld^ou?), son of OthnjS, father of Euphor-
bus. Hence, Panthoides -ae, in. a descendant
of Panthiu ; a, Euphorbut, Ov. ; b, Pythagoras
(who pretended that the soul of Euphorbus liad
passed into his), Hor.
pantdlabUS -i, in. (n-afroAd/3os, taking
everything), name of a petrasite.
pantomimus -i, m. (iravTAnipos), 1, a male
dancer, name, Suet. ; 2, a ballet, pantomime, Plin.
papae (jrairaO, interj. wonderful! indeed!
Ter.
papaver -Sris, n. the poppy, Verg.
papavereus -a -um (papaver), o/or relating
to the poppy ; comae, the stamens of a poppy, Ov.
PapblagO -Onis, in. (lla<l>>*ayu>v), a Paphlag-
onian. Hence, Paphlagocia -ae, f. (IIai/>Aa-
yovia), a district in Asia Minor, between Pontus
and Bithynia.
Paphns (-OS) -i (TId<f>05). I. m. son of Pyg-
malion, founder of the town of the same name.
II. f. a town of Cyprus, sacred to Venus ; hence,
adj., Paphlus -a -um, Paphian ; heros, Pyg-
malion, father of Paphos ; myrtus, sacred to
Venus, Ov.
papllio -onis, m. a butterfly, Or.
papilla -ae, f. o nipple, teat, used of both
human beings and animals, Plin. ; meton.= the
breast, Verg.
Papirlus -a -um, name of a Roman gens;
hence, Papirlanus -a -um, Papirian.
Papiua -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
papilla -ae, f. a pimple, pustule, Verg.
papyrifer -fSra -ferum (papyrus and fero),
producing the papyrus; Nilu.s, Ov.
papyrus -i, f. and papyrum -i, n. (nam-
pot). I. the plant papyrus. Hen. II. MetOll.,
A. ' garment made of the bark, Juv. B. paper
made of the papyrus bark, Juv.
par, p&ris, equal, like. I. like or equal to
another thing or person. A. Gen., 1, adj., pari
intervallo, Cacs. ; est tinitimus oratori poeta ac
paene par, Cic. ; with in and the abl., ut sint
pares in amore, Cic; with abl., libertate esse
parein ceteris, Cic. ; with genit., cuius paucos
pares tulit, like to him, Cic; with dak, liominem
cuivis parem, Cic; with cum, quaedam ex eis
paria cum Crasso, Cic; with inter se, inter se
aeqnales et pares, Cic; followed by conj., par
atquo, Cic. ; et, Cic; quam, Liv.j 2, subst., a, c,
a mate, Ov. ; b, neut.,(a), the like; par pari re-
spoudere, Cic. ; par impar ludere, to play at odd
and even, Hor. ; (0) a pair; triaautquatuo* paria
amicorum, Cic B. Esp., 1, equally strong as; a,
adj., alicui, Caes. ; b, subst., an adversary, Liv. ;
2, tig., suitable, appropriate ; par est, with ace
and ii:tin., Cic. II. like to oneself, equal to one-
self; ut par sis in utriusque oralionis facultate,
Cic.
parabflis -e (paro), tlud can be easily pro-
cured, procurable; divitiae, Cic.
Paraet&cene -fs, f. (HapaiTa*T)i/ii), a dis-
trict on the borders of Media, and Persia; hence,
Paraetacae -arum, m. the inhabitants of
Paraetacene.
Paraetfinium -ii, n. (TTapatToVioe), a fron-
tier town of Egypt, on the sea.
parasita -ae, f. (parasitu:), a toady, parasite,
Ilor.
parasitaster -tri, in. (parasitus). a poor,
wnUmptihh parasite, Joy,
parasiticus -a -um (Trapao-irncd?), like a
parasite, parasitic, Plaut.
parasitor, 1. dtp. (parasitus), to play the
2*irasite, Plaut.
parasitus -i, m. (irapatriros, rating with
another), a toady, parasite, Cic
parate, adv. (paratus), with preparation,
readily; ad dicendiun venire inagis audacter
qua m parate, Cic.
paratio -onis, f. (paro), a preparation pre-
paring for; paratio regni, u striving after
sovereignty, Sail.
1. paratus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. paro). I.
prepared, ready; 1, victoria, easily won, Liv.;
parata in agendo ct in respondent^ celeritas,
Cic; 2, ready for something; a, of things,
omnia sibi esse ad bellum apta ac parata, Caes.;
b, of persons, ready for, inclined to; animo
paratus, Caes. ; ad omnia mulieris negotia
paratus, Cic ; acies parata neci, Verg. ; with
infill., id quod parati sunt facere, Cic. II. a,
well prepared ovprovided with anything, equipped ;
adolesuens et equitatu et pedftatu et peeunia
paratus, Cic. ; b, instructed, prepared ; ad per-
movendos animos instructi et parati, Cic
2. paratus -us, m. (1. paro), preparation,
fitting out, piwision, equipment ; necessaiius
vitae'cultus aut paratus, Cic
Parca -ao, f. (connected with plec-to, am-
plec-tor, Gr. jrAeVw, etc.), the goddess that allots
the fate to each, the goddess of fate, Hor. Plur.,
Parcae, the three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and
Atropos, Cic.
parce, adv. (partus). I. sparingly, frugally,
economically; frumentum parce metiri, Caes.
II. 1, sparingly, moderately ; parcius dicere de
laude alicuius, Cic. ; 2, rarely, seldom ; parcius
quatiunt fenestras, Hor.
parco, pSperci and parsi, paisum, 3. (parcus).
I. to spare, to be sparing, moderate, frugal with
anything; with dat., impensar, Liv.; suinptu,
Cic; with ace, taleuta gnatis parce tuis, Verg.
II. Transf., A. to spare, refrain from injuring;
Bedificiis, Cic ; sibi, Caes. B. a, to leave off,
desist from, cease; labori, Cic ; with intin., parce
fidem ac jura soeietatis jactare, Liv. ; b, to re-
frain from, keep oneself from ;'with dat., auxiliu,
to make no "use of proffered aid, Cic; inetu, Verg.;
with ab and the abl., ab incendiis, Liv.
parous -a -um (connected with parum and
n-oLupos). I. sparing (esp. in expenditure),
frugal, thrifty, economical ; a, colonus, Cic; with
genit., donan li, Hon; b, moderate, sparing;
in largienda civrtate, Cic. II. scanty, small,
little, slight ; parco sale contingere, Verg. ;
lucerna, Prop.
pardus -i, m. (ndpSos), a. panther, pard,
Juv.
1. parens -entis, p. adj. (from pareo), obed-
ient ; parentiores exercitus, Cic. ; subst., par-
entes -luin, m. subjects, Sail.
2. parens -entis, c. (pario). I. a parent,
father, mother; a, lit, Cic. ; usually plur., the
parents; quae caritas est inter natos etparentes,
Cic. ; alma parens Tdaeadeum, Hor.; b, transf.,
(a) author, cause, origin; opcruin, Cic; parens
lyrae, Mercury, Hor. ; (fi) a mother-city, Liv.
II. a grandfather, Ov. ; plur., ancestors, Verg.
parentalls -e (2. parens). I. parental, of or
relating to parents; umbra, Ov. II. o/or relating
to tlie funeral of parents or other relations; a,
adj., dies, Ov. ; b, subst., p&rentalia -nun,
n. a festival in honour of deceased parents or other
relations, Cic
parento, 1. (2. parens). I. to celebrate the par.
Plitfllja f« in I'l'in- of the 4ead; Febrngrio rn.ense.
par
393
par
luorttlis pareutari voluerunt, Cic. II. Transf.,'
to bring an offering to the dead = to avenge the
death of a person by that of another ; Cethcgo, Cic.
parco -ui -Itum, 2. (akiii te pario). I. to
appear, become visible, A. Lit., Mart. B.
Transf., to be clear, evident; impers. paret, a
legal formula, it is proved, Cic. II. 1, to obey,
be obedient to; a, voluntati, legibus, Cic. ; duc-
ibns, Liv. ; b, to be compliant, yield, give way
to; necessitati, Cic. ; promissis, to perform one's
promises, Ov. ; 2, to be subject to, to serve; neque
uni neque paucis, Cic.
paries -Stis, m. the wall of a house (opp.
murus, the wall of a city) ; nullo modo posse
iisdem parietibus tuto esse tecum, within the
same house, Cic; prov., duo parietes de eadem
fidelia dealbare, to kill two birds with one stone,
ap. Cic.
parffitlnae -arum, f. (paries), old walls,
ruined walls, ruins, Cic.
PariHa = Palilia (v. under Pales).
parilis -e (par), similar, like, equal; aetas,
Ov. ; vox, Ov.
pario, pgpen, partum, fut. partic, p&riturus,
3. (root PAR, whence 1. paro), to bring forth.
I. Lit., quintum, for the fifth time, Cic. ; of birds,
ova, to lay eggs, Cic. II. Transf., A. to bring
forth, produce ; fruges et reliqua quae terra pariat,
Cic. B. to invent, compose , verba, Cic. C. to
produce, occasion, bring forth, invent, devise, ob-
' tain ; a, in a good sense, sibi laudem, Cic. ; con-
sulatum, Cic. ; parta bona, acquired, Cic. ; plur.
subst., parta -orum, n. property tluit has been
acquired ; b, in a bad sense, to occasion, procure,
cause ; suspicionem, Cic.
Paris -Wis, m. (ridpis), son of the Trojan king,
Priam, the judge in the contest of beauty for the
golden apple between Juno, Minerva, and Venus ;
carried away Helen from her husband Menelaus
to Troy, and thus caused the Trojan war.
Parisil -Orum, m. a people in Gallia Celtica,
whose capital was ,Lutetia (Parisiorum), now
Paris.
parlter, adv. (par). I. in like manner, alike ;
caritate non parlter omnes egemus, Cic. ; fol-
lowed by ut, atque, ac, et, Cic. ; qualis, Sail. ;
by dat., Liv. XI. Transf., A. together with, at
the same time as ; pariter cum luna crescere,
Cic. B. likewise, also, Ov.
parlto, 1. (intens. of 1. paro), to prepare, to
get. ready to do anything, Plant.
1. parma • ae, f. (ndpfuj), the small round
shield or buckler worn by light-armed troops and
cavalry, Liv. ; poet., any kind of shield, Verg.
2. Parma -ae, f. town in Gallia Cispadana,
colony of the Etruscans, now Parma. Hence, adj.,
Parmensis -e, of or belonging to Parma.
Parmenides -is, m. (TlapueviSns), a famous
Greek philosopher of the Eleatic School.
parmatus -a -urn (parma), armed with the.
parma, Liv.
parmula' -ae, f. (dim. of parma), a small
round shield, buckler, Hor.
Parnasus (8s) and Parnassus (6b) -i,
m. (napracrci?), a mountain in Phocis, sacred to
Apollo and the Mxises; hence, adj., Parnasius
(Parnassius) -a -urn, Parnassian, Delphian,
relating to Apollo ; laurus, Verg.
1. paro, 1. (root PAR, whence pario). I. to
prepare, make ready, provide, furnish, equip;
convivium, Cic. ; belluin, Caes. ; alicui necem,
Liv.; with in (In., to prepare to do ' something ;
publicas litteras Romam mittere parabam, Cic ;
foil, by ut with the subj., si ita natura paratum
esset, ut es dormientes agerent, Cic . II.
13*
Transf., to procure, get, obtain. A, cxercitum,
copias, Sail. ; non modo pacem seii etinm socie-
tatein, Liv. ; pracsidiuin sencctuti, Cic. B.
Esp., to procure with money, buy ; hortos, Cic.
2. paro, 1. (par), 1, to prize or esteem equally ;
eodem vos pono et paro, Plaut. ; 2, to ogre*,
arrange with ; se paraturum cum college, Cic.
X paro -onto, m. (napu>v), a small, light vessel,
skiff, Cic.
parochUS -i, m. (rfapoxos), 1, an officer in
Italy or in the provinces who provided with neces-
saries ambassadors and magistrates when on a
journey, Cic. ; 2, transf., one who gives an en-
tertainment, a host, Hor.
paropsls -Idis, f. (jrapo<//w), a small dish,
dessert-dish, Juv.
P&rus (-is) -i, f. (riopo^, an island in the
Aegean Sea, famous for its white marble. Hencp,
Parlus -a -urn (ndptot), Parian ; lapis, Parian
marble, Verg. ; iambi, of Archilochiis, who mis
born at Paros, Verg.
parra -ae, f. o bird of ill omen, according to
some, the owl, to others, the woodpecker, Hor.
Parrhasia -ae, f. {Xlaplxuria), a district and
city in Arcadia ; hence, adj., 1, Parrhasis
-Idis, f. Arcadian; Aretes or ursa = ursa major-
or Callisto ; subst, Parrhasis = CaM£sto, Ov.; 2,
Parrhasius -a -urn ; a, Arcadian; virgo, Cal-
listo, Ov. ; dea, Carmenta, Ov. ; b, relating to
the Palatine Hill, imjierial (because the Arca-
dian Evander was said to have settled upon the
Palatine), Mart.
1. Parrhasius, v. Parrhaaia.
2. Parrhasius -li, m. (Jlappiaios), a cele-
brated Greek painter of Ephesus, rival ofievxis,
flourishing about 400 B.C.
parricida -ae, c. (perhaps from pater and
caedoX a parricide; -a,, one who murders his
father or parents, Cic; b, one who 'slays near
relations; parricida llberum, Virgimus, Liv. ;
0. murderer of a free citizen ; parricida civ'^m,
Cic. ; d, murderer of the head of the state, Cic ,;
6, a traitor, betrayer of one's country, rebel ;
parricidae rcipublicae, Cic '\
parricidlum -II, n. (parricida), 1, th. my'rder
of a father or parents, parricide; the mVyfr of
any near relation; fratris, Liv.; pntris et
patrui, Cic ; 2, the murder ef a free citizen,
Cic; 3, high treason, ffo-'betrivyin? of one's
country; parricidium patriae,' Cic
pars, partis, ace. partlm and partem, f. a
part, portion, piece-. X. Gemjtirbis, Cic. ; partes
facere, to divide, Oic ; partem habere in aliqua
re, to have a share in, Cic. Especial phrase?,
a, pars . . . pars, some,,-, ., others, Liv.; b 3
parte . . . parte, partly ... partly, Ov. ; pro
parte or pro sua, mea, etc, parte, for his part,
Cic; o, ex aliqua parte, in tome-dtgree, Cic ;
magna ex parte, to a great extent, Cic ; omni ex
parte, cdtogether, Cic ; d, magnam partem, to a
great extent, Cic. ; e, ace. partim, in part, Cic ;
i', multia partibus = many times, much ;. ]>lures,
Cic. ; e, in earn partem, in such a ?n«na«r," 'Cic,
or with a view to, Cic ; in utramque partem (p»
both sides, pro and contra) disputare, Cte., or in
both cases, Cic ; h, in omnes partes, aUogetlitr,
completely, Cic. ; i, in partem venire alicuius roi,
to take a share in, Cic. ; j, in parte, in part, Liv.;
k, pro parte, to the best of his ability, Liv. II.
A. species, Cic. B. a party, faction; nullius
partis esse, ne utral, Cic. C. the part or irdle of
an actor ; a, lit., prlmas partes agere, the had-
ing part, Cic. ; b, transf., a part, office, function,
duty; tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes, Cic.
D. apart, portion, diftrict of the earth ; partes
orientis, Cic.
par
394
pas
parsimdnia -ae, f. (parco), th rijliness, yarn-
vtony, Cic
Parthaon -onis, m, (KapBduv), son of
Agenor, king in Calydon, father of Oeneus ; Par-
thaone natiis, Oenevs, Ov. Adj., Partha-
onius -a -urn, of Parthaon; doiruts, of Oenevs,
Ov.
Partheni (Parthini) -orum, m. an fUyrian
people nea r Dyrrhach i u m .
parthSnice :5s, 1. (irap0*i'nc»j), the |>?j»»t
farthenium, Cat.
Parthemus -ii, m. a mountain on the
borders of Argolis and Arcadia.
Parthenopaeus -1, m. (nap6evoiraio<i)j one
of the seven princes who fought agai?ist Thebes.
1 Parthenope -Gs, f. (napOevonrj), old name
of the town of Seapolis, so called from the Siren
Parthcnope, who was said to have been buried
there. Adj., Parthenopeius -a -um, Par :
tncnopcar. ; poet.= Neapolitan.: :v
Parthi -orum, m.(IIapeoi), a Scythian nomadic
people, famous for their archery; saixtge- enemies
of the.Romans. Hence, Parthicus and Par-
thtia -a -urn, Parthian.
partfceps -cipis (pars and capio), sharing,
participating in; animus rationis compos et
particeps,-. Cic.-; praedae ac praemiorum; Caes. ;
with Safe, alicui ad onine secrethm, T ac Subst,
a sharer, partaker, comrade; huius belli ego
particeps et socius et adjutov esse cugor, Cic.
participo, 1. (particeps),, to cause to share,
than vith any one; laudes cum aliqno, Liv. ;
.id pirticipandum alium alio c<>m;iiunicand-
timque inter omnes jus, Cic.
partlCUl* -a*, f. (dim. of pars), n small p\irt,
pfuiian, pnrtlcU ; cadi, Cic.
partim, adv. (ace. of pars), portly, in part,
partlo, 4. and partior, 4. dep. (pars), to
tflriJe, f<i,b-ilii\:tf. I. genus univcrsum in
bwitIm eertas nartietui ac divide!-, Cic. II. to
■IhMbvte, share; consules designati
piovii;,>i,i3 inter, se gartiverant, Sail.; nonne
aerarin. n cum co partitas es? Cic.
. .partite, adv. (pirtitua, from partior), with
.pm^r divisions' ;. ulcere, Cic.
partitlo -<"nis, f. (partio). I. a division;
I, (jrcecoi partitionra 1 luandam artium fecisse
TiJcr Cic,; 2k,-.esp.>, a .<,;'Sc«Jor rhetorical divi-
sion of a subject, Cic. II. a division, distribu-
'•';>, : vnit:on; acquaints p.aedae pavtitio, Cic.
partitus -a nm, pari ic. of partior.
■ partiirio, «1 (do: Hter. of pario). I. to desire
toorlny forth, lifcve the pains of labour; 1, lit.,
p\ iv.,- T^rturlmil-iuontes, nascetur ridiculus
mus, Kor.; 2, tig., -a, 'to lieprcgnoMl with any-
ihim, to rtHeditatn; MUeiul ; tit aliquando dolor
P. R. puriat, qiVKl jamdiu parturit! Cic; b,
fm tUUcioiit, troubled; si-tamquam parturiat
unus pro plnvibns, Cic- II. to bear, bring forth,
pvadits* ; nunc onvnis parturit arbos, Verg.
partus -Us, m. (pario). I. a bearing, bring-
■>'?'.;; firrtb you ng, a birth ; quum jam appropin-
qtiare partus putaretur, Cic; fig., Graeeiae
orntorum imrtus atque fontes, beginnings, Cic
II. Jletoii., A- the time of bearing, Cic. B. that
which is hroaght forth, the fruit of the. womb ;
partum edere, to give birth to, Cic;; partus
t*rrae, the giants, Hor. ■
parum, adv. (from same rorit as parvus and
iro0pof),compar.,mJnu3, superb, minime; too
little, not enough (opp. satis, nimium). • I. Posit,
parum id fario, / make little ooeoxmt of that. Sail. ;
parum est, foil, by quod, it is not enough thai,
etc., Cic. ; parum habere, to think too little, be
dissatisfied with; foil, by infin., Liv.; parum dill,
too short, Cic. ; non parum saope, often enough,
Cic IL Compar., minus. A. less; minus ac
minus, Plin. ; minus minusque, less awl less,
Liv. ; nihil minus, nothing less, not at oil, by no
means, Cic. ; foil, by quam, ac, atque. Liv.;
with quam omitted, baud minus duo millin,
not less than two thousand, Liv.; foil, by abl.,
minus triginta diebus, mi less than thirty days,
Cic; nno minus teste uaberet, one witness the
less, Cic. ; multo minus, much les-s, Cic. ; bis sex
ceciderunt, me minus uno, except me alone,
Ov. B. not particularly ; minus multi, Cic.
C. not; a, after quo, 'that, proliibuisso, quo
minus, etc., Cic. ; b, in-ther formulae,- ^r minus,
if not; sin minus, but if not, Cic- D,= parum,
too little; dfecre, Cic III. Superl., miniin'e,
in the least degree, very little, least of all ; .q\\od .
minime apparet et valet plurimum, Cic. ; with
adjectives = not at all, by no means; homo
minime ambitiosus, Cic.-; ia answers, by no
means, not at all, Cic. ; minime vero, Cic.
parumper, adv. (iravpov Trip), for a Tittla
while, a little space ; abduci> parumper animum
a inolestiis, Cic.
parunculus -i, m. (dim. of 3. paro), a little
skiff or vessel, Cic.
Parus — Paros (q.v.).
parvitas -atis, f. (parvus)," littleness, small-
ness, Cic
parviilus -a -urn (dim. of parvus). I. very
small, very little, minute ;$ res, pecunia, Cic.
II. Of age, young, litll'- ; Alius, Cic; ab par-
vttlis, fruni childhood, Caes.
parvus -a -nm (pavrus, by change of con-
sonants, from same root, as navpoq), compar.,
minor, superl., minimus; Utile, small. I.
Lit.', A. Of size or extent, locus, Cic ; iiavicula,
Cic. ; minor capitis = capite deminutus (se^
dpininuo), Hor. B. Of number or quantity,
a, adj., minimus Humerus, Liv.; b, subst.,
parviim -i, n. a littU; contentusptirvo, Cic;
minus praedae, Liv.; c, adv., minimum, very
little : valere, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of value,
slight, unimportant; a, adj., parvo vendere
pretio, Cic. ; b, subst., parvum -i, n. some-
thing little or slight; parvi aestimo or duco, /
think little of, Cic; minoris vendere, cheaper,
Cic B. Of strength or degree, slight, weak;
a, of the voice, etc., (a) weak; pnrvae murmur* .
vocis, Ov. ; (/3) abject ; verbis minoribns uti,
Ov. ; b, of the intellect, poor, unproductive^
ingeninm, Hor.; c, of thought, will, etc., little;
abject, mean ; parvi animi, Cic ; d, of circum-
stances, trifling, unimportant, slight; coiu-
motitim, Cic'.;. prov., minima de rhalisj we must
choose the least evil, Cic ; e, of persons, pom- in, ,
position, unimportant, low, insignificant ;.domus',
Ov. Compar., minor! with abl.', inferior to,
dependent on;.te minor, Hor.- C. Of time, 1,
short ; dies, Ov. ; 2, = young ; minor natu,
younger, Cic. Subst,, parvus -i, mi a little
boy, Cic; parva -ae, f. a little girt, Cic. ; a
parvo, froni boyhood, Cic; minores, -.ytjvng
people, Hor., Ov. -
pasco, pavi, pastum, ?.. (root PA r whence
panis, Or. ITA, whence Trao/iou). I. 16 feed cattle,
lead cattle to pasture. A. Lit., 1, sues, Cic ;
2, hence, gen., to feed, nourish, support; of
animals, ubi bestiae pastae sunt, Cic; of human
beings, olusculis nos soles pascere, Cic ; quot
pascit servos, Juv. B. Transf., 1, to feed, in-
crease, enlarge, let grow; barbam, Hor.; crinem,
Verg. ; 2, to feed, feast, gratify; oculos in aliqua
re, Cic II.= depascere. A» to feed on; as- '
perrima (collium), Verg. B. to consume, Ov.
Hence, pascor, p 03 *"" sum, pascl, 3. dep.
I. 1. to fr'd, eat, or a re on; boves pascuntuT
pas
3%
pat
Irondibus, Verg.; 2, of the sacred eliic}teli4, to
eat; quum pulli nou paseereutur, ;< fused to eat,
Cic. II. With ace, to feed on; pasctintur
silvas, Verg.
pasoiius -a -uui (pasco), Jit for pasture or
grazing ;ager, Cic ; hence, subst., pascuum
•i, a. a pasture; plur., pasoua -orum, n.
pastures, Cic.
Paslph&e -is, f. and Paslphaa -ae, f.
(Ua<rt<j>dri), daughter of Helios (Sol), sister of Circe,
mother of the Minotaur, Androgens, Phaedra, and
Ariadne. Adj., Pasiph&eius -a -urn, relating
to Pasipha'e; subst.,. Pasiphaeia -ae, f.=
J'lmedra, Ov.
Pasithca -ae, f. and Paslthee -es', f.
(JIa<n6<ia, BamMq), one of the three Graces. ■
' passer -ens, m. (for panser, from pando),
1, a sparrow, Cic, Cat. ; 2, a sea-Jish, a turbot
or plaice, Ov. • •
passeroulus -i, m. (dim.'of passer), a little
sparrow, Cic.
passim, adv. (passus from pando). I. here
ami there, vp and down, far and wide, in a dis-
orderly manner, confusedly; Numidae nullis
ordinibus passim consederant, Caes. II. with-
out distinction, indiscriminately, promiscuously ;
scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim,
Hor.
passum -i, n. (pando, sc. vinura), wine made
of dried grapes, raisin-wine, Verg.
1. passus -a -um, partic. of pando.
2. passus -a -um, partic. of patior.
3. passus -iis, m. I. a step, stride, pace.
A. a, lit., passus perpauculi, Cic; b, rig.,
paSBibus amoiguia Portuna errat, Ov. B. a
footstep, track; passu stare tenaci, Ov. II. the
pace (a Roman measure, of length) — fire feet;
->mille passus, a mile, Cic.
pastillus -i, m. (dim. of panis), a lozenge
vied to give an agreeable smell to the breath, Hor.
pastlo -onis, f. (pasco), a pasture., Cic.
paster -Oris, m. (pasco), a herd; esp.j a
shepherd, Cic. ; pastorum domina, Pales, Ov. ;
pastorum dux geminus, Romulus and Remus,
Cic.
pastoralis -e (pastor), of or relating to a
shepherd, pastoral, Cic " ■ • ■
past orlcius -a -um (pastor), relating to sliep-
herds, Cic. . u .
pastor 1US -a -um (pastor), relating to shep-
herds, Ov. . .
pastus -iis, m. (pasco). I. fealivg.- A. Lit.,
ad pastum accedunt, Cic. B. Meton.. fodder,
food; pastum capessere et conficere, Cic II.
pasture, Verg. tultl i -• .'.,:.--...,, .
Patara -orum, n. (ndrapa), a city in Lycia,
with a, celebrated oracle .of Apollo; hence, 1,
PatSroUS -ei and -60s, m. a surname of Apollo ;
2, Pataraeus -a -um, Patarean ; 3, Pata-
rani -orum, m. the inhabitants of Patara.
Patavium -ii, n. a town in Venetian on 1lie
banks of the Medoacus, birth-place of the historian
Livy, now Padua. Adj., Patavinus -a -um,
Patavinian.
patefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., patofio
-factus sum -fieri (pateo and facio), to open, make
open, lay open. I. Lit., A. aures assentatori-
bus, Cic. B. 1, to make accessible, to open ; vias,
iter, Caes. ; to open up a place, patefactum
nostris legionibus esse Pontum, Cic; 2, to make
visible, Cic. ; 3, to open (by digging, etc.);,pTesso
sulcum sratro, Ov. II.. Transf., to -bring 4o
light, disclose, display, rsDeakV-Cdivna aujraL in
'oe, Cic ; comparationeiu, Cic ; rem, Cic. . :< . tt
patefactio -onis, f. (patefacio), a throuAng
open, disclosing; rerum opertarum, Cic
patella -ao, f. (dim. of patera), 1, a dish,
platter, plate (used both in the cookerv and
serving up of food), Hor. ; 2, a dish in which
offerings xoerc presented to the gods, a sacrificial
dish, Cic ....
patens -entls, p. adj. (from pateo). I. open,
unobstructed, accessible; caelum, Cic. ; loca, Caee.
II. open, exposed to; domus patens cupiditati
et voluptatibus, Cic.
patenter, adv.- (patens), openly, evidcntlv,
clearly; compar., patentius, Cic. ,
pateo -tui, 2. (perhaps connected with' irerdp-
wfj.i), to be open, staiid open, lie open. I. nafes
semper propter necessarias utilitates patent, Cic.
XL A. to be open, accessible; a, lit., aditus pat-
uit, Cic. ; b, to stand open, to be at the service of,
to be in the power of; honores patent alicui, Cic
B. to lie open, to, to be exposed to; vulneri, ; Liv.
C. to lie open before the eyes, to be visible ; a,
lit,, nomen in adversariis patet, Cic. ; b, transf.,
to be revealed, disclosed, clear; res patentee.
D. Geograph. t t., a, lit., to- stretch-out,
extend; Helvetiorum fines in longitudinemmillia
passuum CXL patebant, Cic. ; • b, traiwf., to
spread, extend itself; in quo vitio latissime pa,t«*
avaritia, Cic.
pater -tris, in. Oraujp), re father. I. A. Lit.,
aliquem patris loco colere, Cic'; plur'., paties,
parents, Ov. B. Poet., meton., 1 jntherty love ;
rex patrem vicit, Ov. ; 2, the author. or source of
anything, Verg. II. Transf., A. father-in-law,
Tac. B. a, pater familias or familiae, ihejiead of
a household, Cic. ; b, pater cenae, the hod, Hor.
C patres, fatliers, ancestors ; aetas patrum n •
trorum, Oic. D. Used as a title of honour ; a,
of the gods, Lemnius, Vulcan, Qic; Lesnaeu-,
Bacchus, Verg; ; b, esp. the title by which the
senators were addressed, patres^conscripti,-^!?
C, pater patriae, fu.Qier of Ms country, a nathh
sometimes given to distinguished statesmen.
Ov. ; d, pater patratus, the chief of the felw.
Cic. ; e, used as a title of respect toward^'-ai
old man, Verg.
patera -ae, f. (pateo), a shallow -
saucer from which a libation icaspcwrcd, Ck.
Patereulus -i, m C. Velicius, a foinar
historian under Augustus and Tiberius-.
paternus -a -um (pater), I, ef or felatini^h
a Jathcr, fatherly, paternal; horti, Cic ; %<*•&
elating to one's native country,- HcWj^/'fUimetV.
Hor - _...-•• 'stot&i ,j
patesco, patui, 3. (pateo),ti be openedjlU
open. I. Gen., a, lit., atri* lQnga patescum,
\erg. ; b, to be mealed, disclosed; Danauni
bcar-Jble;. dolorcs, Cic
natura, Cic.
Act.,' wuiitive;
patlbiiliun -i, n. ci fork-skaped yoke, an 1.;
strument of punishment fastened d)i the «cfc of
slaves and criminal'., Cic.
patlens -cntis, p. au;j. (fr om patior). '• L,
bearing, enduring, capable t/etidwrtTip. A. Lit,
with genit., patiens labium, Sail: ; ainnis
navium patiens, navigable; Liv;j aniroum fi 111 *
ientem incomniodorum, Cic. B. Poet., ./™,
hard, unyielding; aratrum, Ov, jj. tndvring,
patient; ut ne offendam tuai. patientisJJSiaa
aures, Cic.
pfttient$,r v ad.y. (parens), pa^ly; fqxt> t
Cic.
patlentia -as, f. (patiens), end^nce, .j,
fands, frigoris, Cie. : IX. 4m patience, loi<, a . S nf tr .
pat
ma
pau
lug l iu c.il-enJo, Cic. 3. indolence, faint-
heartedness, Tac. C. subjection, Tac
patina -ae, f. (n-ar^n)), a dish, Cic.
patior, pass-us sum, 3. dep. (root PAT, con-
nected Wltll n-<i<rx<o. aor. i-ira9-oi>), to suffer,
lea; endure. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, of persons,
tolcranter dolores, Cic. ; gravissimum suppli-
Clum, Caes. ; id damnum hand aegerrimc pati,
Liv. ; b, of things, tunc patitur cultus ager,
Ov. B. to iast, endure ; novem saecula (of the
crow), Ov. II. Transf., 1, to suffer, experience;
multam repnlsam, Ov. ; 2, to suffer, permit,
allow ; ista, Cic. ; with aec and intln., nullo se
imphcari negotio passus est, Cic. ; with at and
the subj., quod si in turpi reo patiendum non
esset ut arbitrarentur, Cic. ; non patior, foil, by
quin, nullum patiehatur esse diem quin in foro
diceret, he allowed no day to pass without speak-
iTig, Cic. ; with adv., facile, libenter, aequo
aciiuo, indigne pati, with ace. and infln., Cic. ;
with things as subjects, quantum patiehatur
pudor, Cic.
Patraa -arum, f. (Ifdrpai), o sea-port in
Achate, now Patras. Adj., Patrensis -e, re-
tUUm to Patme.
patrator -oris, m. (patro), an accomplisher,
WkUikr, effector ; necis, Tac.
patrin -ae, f, father-land, v. patrius.
p&trlci&tus -us, m. the rank or condition of
(i pitrlcian, Suet.
patricida (pater and caedo), one who mur-
der? his fath tr; Oi c .
patriOlUS -a -urn (patres, v. pater, II. D. b),
pal ricmn, noble; 1, adj., familia, Cic; 2, mibst.,
patfricHis, '.«, jwfrin'c n, and plur., patricii, the
Roman jxttr Haitb or nobility, Cic; cxire e pa-
Tliciis, ft) fa adopted into a plebeian family, Cic.
patrimonh.m -ii, n. (pater), property in-
"herUta from a fnther, patrimony ; accipere duo
lauta et copiosa patrirnoma, Cic. ; fig., tllio meo
satis aznpluin natrirnonium felinquam, memor-
iam nominis mci, Cic.
patrLmus -a -urn (pater), having a father
:ttll living, Cic .
patrctUB -a .urn (pater), pair mat; patnta
«lia akqne avita philosojjiia^ C..\
patriUB -a 1 -«m (pater), of or relating to a
frtkec,Jath«rl)f, paternal. I. Adj., animus, Cic.;
amor, Ov ; .res, property inherited from one's
fnOur, Cic.; niofi, ancestral, ancient, Tic II,
Subst, patria •'.•■. f tsc 'erra), father-land,
'/i .".•■>- lofl ; aliquem rcstifuere in patriam,
pee, patrius -a ->.... fine's
r. r ' -i ; ritUs, Ci' .
„*0, 1. to (W-omplish; ptrfonr jcecute,
c , 'if. ■ i'roir)!8, u a, Cic. ; nellnrn. to bring to an
ill"- pAcmi.. ' ' v - '• Jnsj'rramltipi, to pro-
■ <«lruin ot'tl "' '■ • "*<"» "/" twtV,
■E
- pntronociuium, from
?w/,'»», defunct in a court of
lUA pa'Tociniasuscipere, Cic;
ts, ap. Cic. ii. Transf.,
■finltim voluptatis rc-
V-trooui^ir-.
vonus). I.
r; ".ontrc.
meton.,p;'r:
defence,
pudiare, C
patrraSnor. i. & c l>- (patronus), to protect,
■ defend ; t-iiciii, Tot-
Patroolas-^ "*• (JlirpoKXtxi),sonof Menoetius,
friejul and c.'.<. rt * of ■ Achilles, slain by Hector
Troy. .-.,..
' patroaa' -* e . f - '(patronns), 'a prjteitrhs,
patroness, fc ; esp-, the mistress or protectress
wxfm.i'n, PLn.; fig., a protectress; provocatio
paur-fi* i'-H civitatts et vindex libertntis, Cie.
patronus -i, m. (pater). I. the prvtolor,
defender, patron of a body of clients ; the j atron
or powerful friend at Rome of a state or city; a
defender, advocate before a court ofjiisttcf ; jiot-
tronus, defensor, eiistos coloniae, Cic ; miic
f-i.uMC psitroninu ovsistere, Cic. ; esp., //"■ pfio-
lector of >' frecthnan, i.e.. his master before hff tvits
freed, Cic. II. Transf., a defender, protector;
plebis, Liv. ; foederum, Cic.
patriiclis -e (patruus). I. descended from a
father's brother; frater patruelis, cousin on the
father's side, Cic; transf., the son of a pnterr.nl
aunt, Cic. II. n/or relatingto a cousin, eovsinlli,
0v - s M
1. patruus -i, m. (pater), <j father's brother,
paternal uncle; a, lit., Cic. ; b, tig., a severe re-
prover, Cic.
2. patruus -a -um (pater), of or relating to
an uncle, Hor.
P&tUlclUB -Ii, m. (pateo), a surname of Janus,
whose temple i«w always open in time of war, Ov.
p&tulUS -a -um (pateo). I. open, standing
open ; pinna, Cic. ; fenestrae, Ov. II. iride-
spreading, extended ; rami, Cic ; loca urbis, Tac.
pauoitas -fitis, f. (paucus), fewness, scarcity,
paucity; oratorum, Cic; milltnm, Caes.
pauculUS -a -um (dim. of paucus), very
small; gen. iu plur., very few ; dies, Cic.
paucus -a -um, oftener plur., pauci -ae -a
(connected with paulns and pauper, and Gr.
waCpo?). L/ew, little; pauco foramine (=paiuis
foraminibus), Hor. ; paucis rebus, Cic. ; pauci-
ores viri, Cic. Plur. subst., a, pauci -drum, m.
a fim; esp., (o) (like oi oAtyoi), the oligarchs;
O) the select few (opp. populus), Cic. ; b, pauca
-orum, n. a few words ; ut in pauca conferam,
Cic. II. n few ; paucis diebns, Cic.
paulatim (paullatlm), adv. I. gradually,
little by little; a, of place, paulatim ab imo
acclivis, Caes. ; b, of time, si paulatim hnee
consuetudo serpere ac prodiie coeperit, Caes.
II. singly, one after another ; excastrisdiscedere
eoepemnr, Caes.
pauli8per(paullispgr),adv. a little while,
a short time ; partes alicuius snscipere, Cic. ;
foil, by dum, Cic. ; donee, Liv.
paulo (pauilo), v. panlua.
paululo (paullulo), v panlnlnn.
paululua (paullulus) -a -um (dim. of
panlua), very little, very small ; via, Liv. ; ne.ut.,
paultilum -i. n., a, subst., a very little ; morae,
Cic. ; b, adv., a little; paululuni rcspirare, Cic. ;
paululo with compar., paululo deterius, a little
worse, ap. Cic
1. paulus (paullus) -a -um (connected
with paucus and pauper, and Gr. na.vpo<;), little,
small; snmptus, Ter.; neut., pauluin ; a, subst..
n, little ; pallium aliquid daiiini, Cic; pnnlo, by a
little, a little ; with compar., paulo melior, Cic. ;
with adv., paulo seens, Cic. ; b, adv., a little ;
pauluin commorari, Cic.
2. PaulUS (Paullus) -i, m. the name of a
family of the gens Aemitia, of which the. most
famous were : 1, L. Aemilius Paulus, who com-
manded, with C. Terentins Varrn, at Cannae,
and uxut there slain; 2, I>. Aemilius Paulns
Macedonicus, son of the preceding, the conqueror
of Perseus, king of Macedonia.
pauper -*ris (contracted for pauei-per =
■niirgi), poor, not wealthy ; a, of persons, homo,
Cic. ; vir, Cic. ; with genit., argenti, Hor. ;
snbst., pauper, a poor man, Ov. ; b, transf.,
of things, poor, scanty, meagre ; domus, Verg.
p&uperoulus -a -um (dim. of pauper), poor,
Hor.
pau
397
pauperies -ei, f. (pauper), poverty, indigence,
paupSro, 1. (pauper). I. to make poor,
Plaut II. Traiisf., ahquein aliqua re. to rob or
deprive of anything, Hor.
paupertas -Stis, f. (pauper), poverty. A.
Lit, humble circumstances (opp. divftiae) ; pau-
pertas vel potius egestas ac mendicitas, Cic.
B. Transf. (= egestas, inopia), need, want, in-
digence, Cic.
pausa -ae, f. (naiia-it), a pause, cessation,
stoppage, end; vitae, Lucr.
Pausanias -ae, in. (JXavo-avCa^), son of Cleom-
brotus, commander of the Spartans at Plataea.
pausSa (pausia) and posea -ae, f. aspects
of olive, which produced an excellent oil, Verg..
Pausias -ae, ace. -an, m. (Havo-ia*), a Greek
painter of Sicyon, contemporary with Apelles.
Adj., PausI&CUS -a -um, of or relating to
fausias; tabella, Hor.
pausillulum = pauxilluluui, v. under paux-
illulus. r
pec
pauxillatlm, adv. (pauxillus), gradually,
by degrees, Plaut. u '
pauxillisper, adv. (pauxillus), a little while,
■ Plaut. '
pauxillulus -a -um (dim. of pauxillus),
very little, very small, Plaut. ; subst, pauxil-
lulum -i, n. a little, Plaut.
pauxillus -a -um (dim. of paucus), small,
little, Lucr. ; subst., pauxillum -i, n. a little,
Plaut. '
pavefacio, 3. (paveo and facio), to frighten,
terrify; fouud only in partie, pavefaetus, terri-
fied, Ov.
paveo, pavi, 2. to fear, be afraid of, to quake
with fear; inde admiratione paventibus cuuetis,
Liv. ; with ace, lupos, Hor. ; varia miracula,
Liv. ; with ad and the ace, ad omnia, Liv. •
witu intra., Ov.
pave sco, 3. (paveo), to fear, be afraid of,
be terrified; with abl. of cause, omni strepitu
ball. ; with ace, bellum, Tac.
pavide, adv. (pavidus), fearfully, in a state
of terror; fugere, Liv.
Pavidus -a -um (paveo). I. trembling,
quaking, fearful, terrified; castrij, se pavidus
tenebat, Liv. ; with ne and the subj., pavidi lie
jam facta in urbem via esset, Liv. ; with genit
offensionum, Tac. II. causing terror, producing
fear ; religiones, Lucr. ; metus, Ov.
pavimento, 1. (pavimentum), to pave, ap.
pavimentum -i, n. (pavio), a pavement of
tiles, brick, stone, etc., laid in a bed of strong
cement ; pavimentum facere, Cic.
pavio, 4. (n-aFuo), to beat; terrain, Cic.
pavlto, 1. (intens. of paveo), 1, to tremble,
quake with fear, Vcrg. ; 2, to quake, shiver with
ague, Ter.
pavo -onis, in. (onomatop., root PA, cf. Or.
Tom), a peacock, Cic.
pavor -oris, m. (paveo). I. a trembling or
trepidation produced by fear, expectation, joy,
etc., Cic. ; alicui pavorem injicere, incutere, to
cause fear, Liv.; pavor est, pavor aliquem capit,
loll, by ne and the subj., Liv. II. Personif.,
' Pavor, as a deity, Liv.
pax, pacis, f. (root PAC, whence paciscor,
pango, mjyyvnO, peace. L Lit, pacem con-
ciliare, conticere, facere cum aliquo, to make
peace, Cic. ; servare pacem cum abquo, to keep
peace, Cic. ; uti pace, to be at peace, Cic; turbare
iiaeeia, Liv. Plur., paces, conditions or pro-
1 ■•«•-■■ . , ' ..- . f_ .;
posals of peace; bella atque paces, Sail. Personif.
Pax, the goddess of Peace, Ov. TL Transf., 1*
Peace, quiet; a. Of things, flumen cum pace
delabens, quietly, Hor. ; b, of looks pr of feel-
ings, semper in animo sapientis est placldissima
pax, Cic. ; pace tua dixerlm, with your good
leave, Cic. ; 2, favour or approval of the gods ;
ab Jove cetensque dis pacem ac veuiam peto,
Cic. ■ r
pecoatum -i, n. (peceo), a sin, crime, of-
fence, fault; peccatum suum confiteii, Cic.
peccatus -u, m. (pecco), o fault; manifesto
peccatu teneri, Cic.
peoco, 1. I. to commit a fault or crime, to
sin ; Erapedocles multa alia peccat, Cic. ; in se
Cic. ; in servo necando, Cic. II. to fail, to err,
to go wrong; m homine, Caes.; ne peccetequus,
pecten -Tnis, m. (peeto), a comb. I. Lit.,
for conibmg the hair; deducere pectine crines,
Ov. II. Transf., a, a weaver's comb, Verg.;
b, a rake, Ov. ; c, the clasping of the hands in.
trouble; digiti inter se pectino juncti, Ov.; d,
an instrument with which the strings of the lyre
were struck, Verg.; melon., song; alterno pec-
tine, m elegiac verse (first a hexameter, then a
pentameter), Ov. ; e, a shell-fish, the scallop,
pecto, pexi, pexum and pectltum, 3. (tr«-
retu). I. to comb; comas, Ov. II. to comb, card;
stuppam, Plin. Partie, pexus -a -uin, with
the nap on, woolly; tunica, new, Hor.
pectus -6n's, n. the breast in men and animals,
flu breast-bone. I. Lit, Verg. II. Fig., 1, tlie
breast as the seat of the affections, the heart, soul;
toto pectore amare, to love with the whole heart,
Cic. ; forti peetore, courage, Hor.; puro pectore
with good conscience, Hor. ; 2, the breast, as the
seat ot reason, understanding; toto pectore
cogitate, Cic. ; excidere pectore alicniu*. to be
forgotten, Ov.
pecu, dat. -u, abl. -u, nom. and ace plur.
pecua, n. , genit. plur. pecuum (connected with,
pecus), cattle, Cic.
pecuarius -a -um (pecu), of or relating to
cuttle. J r Adj., res, the. breeding of cattle, Cic.
II. Subst, A. pe'euarius -li, m. a breeder ot
cattle, grazier, Cic. Plur., pecuarii, Die farmers
of Vie public pastures (in the provinces), Cic,
Liv. B. peouaria -Crura, n. herds of cattle,
Verg.
peculator -oris, m. (peculor), one who em-
bezzles t-he public money, Cic.
peoulatus -us, m. (peculor), the embezzle-
ment of the public money, peculation; peculation
facere, Cic.
pecullarls -e (peculium). I. belonging to
one's private property ; oves, Plaut. II. TVansf.,
a, proper, special-, peculiar ; testis, Cic ; hoc
inihi peculiare fuerit, Cic. ; b, peculiar, extra-
ordinary, singular; edictum, Cic.
peculio, 1. (peculium), toprovide withprivate
property. Partie, peoullatus -a -um, pro-
vided with property, ap. Cic.
pSoulium -li, n. (pecus), properly (orig.,
property in cattle). I. Gen., cura pecuh, Verg. ;
cupiditas peculii, Cic. II. Esp., the private'
property possessed by a son or slave independent of
the fattier or mast<r; peculium castrense, earn-
ings of the son r,i military service; quasi cas-
trense, in other occupations ; profecticium, pro-
perty possessed by grant from the father; adventic-
ium, by inlieritance from the mother, Cic, Liv.
peounla -ae, f. (pecus, orig. property in.
cattle). I. property ; pecuniam facere, to gain,
property, Cic, IX, Esp., money, cash, sums oj
.,
pec
398
Pel
•money ; accipere pecuniam, to allow oiieself to be
bribed, Cic ; coacervare pecuniam, to heap money
together, Cic. ; flare et conflare pecuniam, to
make money, to become rich, Cic. ; pecuniam
mutuant sumere ab aliquo, to borrow, Cic.
. pecuniarius -a -tun (pecunia), of or relut in g
to money, pecuniary; res pecuniaria, a 'money-
matter, business, Cic, or simply = money, Cic.
peourriosus -a -um (pecunia), wealthy, rich;
homo pecuniosissimus, Cic.
1. pecus -oris, u. cattle, a herd, flock' (col-
lectively, while pecus -udis = single luad of
cattle). ' I. Lit., A. setigcrum, swine, Ov. ;
lanigerum, sheep, Ov.; applied also to bees,
Verg., fish, Hor. B. Esp., 1, a Jlock of sheep ;
balatus pecorum, Ov. ; 2, poet, pecus magnae
parentis (of young lions), Ov. II, Transf., ap-
plied contemptuously to human beings, imi-
tatoruin servum pecus, a ser-vile herd, Hor.
2. peous -Mis, f. (pecu, 1. pecus), a single
head of cattle, a beast, animal. I. Lit., A. qua
pecude (sc. sue) nihil genuit nature fecuudius,
Cic; solertia pecudum (of bees), Verg.; pecudes
et bestiae, wild and domestic animals, Cic. B.
Esp., a, sheep; pecus Helles, the ram, Ov.; b,
iu plur., land animals; genus aequoreum,
pecudes pictaeque volucres, Verg. II. Transf.,
contemptuously applied to a human being,
stupor howmis, vel dicam pecudis? Cic.
pe^dalis -e (pes), of the length of a foot, Caes. ;
or of the breadth (in diameter) of afoot, Cic.
pedarius -a -um (pes), relating to a foot;
senatores pedarii, senators of inferior rank, who
held no curule office, Tac. Subst, pedarii
-onurt, m., Cic
pedes -Itis, in. (pes). I, one who got* on
foot ; quuin pedes iret, on foot, Verg- ; etiamsi
pedes incedat, Liv. II. L'sp., a foot-soldier ;
a, lit., Caes.; collect., infantry, Liv.; b, transf.,
equites peditesque, the whole people, Cic.
pedester -tris -tre (pes), on foot, pedestrian.
I. Lit., A. (opp. equester), statua pedestris,
Cic. ; esp. as milit. t. t., copiae, infantry, Caes.;
scutum, infantry shield, Liv. B. relating to
land (opp. maritimus, iiavalisj : itiT,- Cans. ;
pugua, Cic. II. Fig., A. Of style, written in
prose ;: hist oriae, Hor. B. simple, ordinary,
prosaic; sermo, Hor. ; musa, Hor.
pedetonrptim, adv. (pes and tendo), slowly,
gradually, cartfully, cautiously; timide et pede-
temptim, Cic.
pedica -ae, f. (pes), a trap, snare, a fetter,
Liv.
pedisequufl -i, m. and pedlsequa -ae, f.
(pes and sequor), u servant whose business it was
to attend upon the master or mistress, m. lackey,
fooUhan, and f. a waiting-woman, Cic; tig., juris
acier.tiam eloquentiae tamquam ancillulam ped;-
seqoanicfue adjunxisti, Cic. ; transf., claraorc
pedisequorum nostroruin, followers, Cic.
peditatus -us, m. (pedes), infantry, Caes.-
pedo, pepedi, p&litum, 3. to break wind, Hor.
1. pSdum -i, u. a shciihcrd's crook, Verg. '
-. Pedum -i, u. a town In Latium, ten miles
south' oj Rome. Adj., Fedanus -a -um, of or
relating (o Pedum; subut., a, Fedanum -i, n.
afy eHcte near Pedum ; b, Fedaoi -Orum, m.
i.i« ir-habitants of Pedum.
1. Pegasfs, v. Pegasus.
2. Pegasls -Idis, f. (niw), a water-nymph.
Pegasus (-8s) -i, m, (n>ry<i<ros), the winged
r.yrzt which sprang from, the blood of Medina,
ar.i produced the fountain Hippocrene ty a blow
firm Mi hiof. '.Hence, adj.r-A.-PegaBejus
-a -um. B. Pegaseus -a -um. C. Pegasla
-idis, f. Pegasean ; undae, fotmtains sacred to the
Muses, Hippocrene, Aganippe. Plur. subst.,
Pegasides, the Muses, Ov.
pegma -Stis, n. (nrjyua), l.o bookcase, shelf,
Cic; 2, a theatrical machine, Suet.
pejero (perjero) and perjuro, l. to com-
mit perjury, forswear oneself; verbis concept is,
Cic. ; jus perjeratum, a false oath, Hor. ; dii,
falsely sworn by, Ov.
pejor, comp. of mains (q.v.).
pejurus = perjurus (q.v.).
pelage, v. pelagus.
pelagius -a -um (TreXayios), of or relating to
the sea, marine ; conchae, Pliu. ; cursus, Phaedr.
Pcl&goncs -um, m. (Jlt\ay6i>e<;), the Pelago-
nians, a people in the north of Macedonia. Hence,
Pelagonia -ae, f., a, the country of the Pela-
gones ; b, a town in Pelagonia, now Bitoglia.
pelagus -i, n. (n-e'Aayoj). J, the sea, ocean,
Verg. II. Poet., transf., a mass of water like
the sea, a flood ; pelago premit arva, with its
flood, Verg. (Greek plur., pelage,. weKdyr), Lucr.).
pelamys -ydis, f. (mjAtip-v?), the young tunny-
fish (before it is a year old), Juv.
Pelasgl -6rum and (poet.) -'uni, m. (ritAao--
yoi), the oldest inhabitants of Greece, and hence,
poet., the Greeks. Verg. Hence, A. PelasgiiLs
-?.dis, f. B. Pglasgis -idis, f. C. PeTasgus
-a -um, Pelasgian, Greek.
Peletbronius -a -um, of or belonging to tht
district of Thessaly, where the Laplthae lived, Pcle-
thronian.
Peleus -ei and -cos, m. (rir),\ev's), a mythical
king of Thessaly, husband of Thetis, father oj
Achilles ; hence, Pelldes -ae, m. son of Pelcus
= Achilles.
pelox (pellex) and paelex -licis, f. (VaA-
Aa£), ft mistress af a married man, a concubine,
Cic; Oebalia, Helen; Tyria, Euroja ; barbara,
Medea, Ov.
1. Pelias, v. Pelion.
2. Pelias -ae, in. (HeAias), ling iipThcssuiy,
half-brother of Aeson, whose son Jason he sent to
fetch the golden fleece. On Jason's return Pelias,
at the instigation of Medea, was slain by his own
daughters.
pelicatus (paelicatus) -us, m. (pelcx),
concubinage, Cic.
Pelldes, v. Pelcus.
Peligni = Paeligni(q.v.). ,
Pelion -ii, n. (TlnAioi-), and Pelius !i, ni.
« lofty mountain of Thesscdy. Hence, adj., A,
Peliacus -a -um, of or belonging to Pelion ;
trabs, the ship Argo (the wood of which was cut
from Mount Pelion), Prop. ; cuspis, the shield oj
Achilles, Ov. B. Pelias -liAis,belonglng to Pelion.
Pella -ae, f. and Pelle -esi f. (Ile'AAa), the
chief city of Macedonia, birth-place of Alexander
the Great ; hence, Pellaeus -a -um, relating to.
Pella; a, Macedonian ; juveuis, Alexander, Juv.;
b, relating to Alexandria in Egypt, and hence,
Egyptian, Verg.
pellacia -a<=, f. (pella*), an enticing, allur-
ing, Lucr.
pellax -acis (pellicio), deceitful, seductive,
Verg.
pellectio (perlsetlo) -onis, f. (pellego), a
rezdiv? ' rough, perusing, Cic.
pellego £ perlego (q.^'.).
Pellene -e"s, f. (rreAAjjV/), a. ]cf>H <». Aclvziz
Heace;adj.. Pejienensis -e, Peuenian. •
pel
399
pen
pellex = pelcx (q.v.).
psllicatus = pelicatus (q.v.).
pellioio -lexi -lectum, 3. (per and lacio), to
entice, decoy, seduce. I. Lit., mulierem ad se,
Cic. ; aniinuin adolescentis, Cic ; populum in
servitutem, Liv. II. Transf., multo majorem
partem senteutiaruin suo lepore, bring over to
one's side, Cic.
pellicula -ae, f. (dim. of pellis), a little skin
or hide ; haedina, Oic. ; pellieulam curare, to
take care of one's skin, Hor.
pellis -is, f. a hide-, skin. I. Lit., caprina,
Cic. ; pelles pro velis teuuiter confectae, Caes.;
tig. , detrahere alicui pellem, to disclose a person's
faults, Hor. II. Transf., 1, hide, leather.; a,
as a covering for tents, sub pellibus, in. camp ;
Caesar sub pellibus hiemare constituit, Caes. ;
b, as used for clothing, peUibus tecta tempora,
hood, Ov. ; 2, meton., a, a shoe-latchet, Hor.;
b, a shoe, Ov.
pellitus -a -um (pellis), clothed in hides or
skins; Sardi, Liv. ; testes, from Sardinia, Liv. ;
oves pellitae, sheep with fine wool, covered with
skins to protect the wool, Hor.
pello, pepiiri, pulsum, 3. to strike, knock, beat
against.. I. a, lit., terram pede, Hor. ; humum
pedibus, Cat.; fores,, to knock at the door, Cic. ;
puer pulsus, beaten,- Cic. ; b, transf., to touch,
move, make an impression upon ; quernadniodum
visa non pellerent, Cic. II. Esp., A. to put in
motion by pushing or striking, to impel, propel,
move; sagittam, Verg. ; nervos in tidibus, Cic.
B. to drive out, drive away, expel; 1, a, lit.,
quum viri boni lapidibus e foro pellerentur, Cic,
uti omues ex Galjiae finibus pellerentur, Caes. ;
aliquem possessionibus, Cic. ; aliquem civitate,
Cic. ; b, transf., maestitiam ex animis, banish,
Cic. ; cunts viuo, Hor.; 2, transf., a, milit. 1. 1.,
to repel, drive back an enemy ; hostcs pelluntur,
Cues.; b, legal t. t., to banish, exile; exsules
pulsi, Liv.
pelluceo = perluceo (q.v.).
pcllucidulus = perlucidulus (q.v.).
pellucidus = porlucidus (q.v.).
pclluo = perluo (q.v.).
Peloponnesus -i, f. (neAon-cWrjtros), the
Feloponnesus L now the Morea; hence,. adj., A.
Peloponnesius -a -uui. B. Peloponnes-
iacus -a -um, 1'eloponnesian.
Pelops -opis, m. (rie'Aoi/*), a mythical king of
Phrygia, son of Tantalus, father of Atreus and
Thyestes, grandfather of Agamemnon ami Mene-
laus ; when a child he was killed by his father
and served up as food to tlie gods ; he was restored
to life through the agency of Hermes (Mercury),
and his shoulder, which had been eaten by Demeter
(Ceres), was replaced by an ivory one. Hence, A.
Pelopeias -adis, f. Pelopcan, Feloponnesian ;
Mycenae, Ov. B. Pelopoius -a -um, relating
to Pelops or his descendants ; virgo, Iphigenia,
Ov. ; arva, Phrygia, Ov. C. Polopdus -a -um,
relating to Pelops; moenia, Argos, Verg. D.
subst., Pelopidae -arum, in. descendants of
Pelops.
pelorfs -Wis, f. (ir«\<opi's), a large species of
mussel, Hor.
Pelorus (-6s) -i, m. (lUAwpos), and Pelor-
UBS -i, n. the north-east promontory of Sicily,
now Capo di Faro or Faro di Messina. Hence,
adj., 1,, Pelorlas -adis, f. ; and 2, Pelorls
-Wis, f. Pelorian.
pelta -ae, f. (jreAnj)/ a small, light, crescent-
shaped shield, Liv^
peltastae -arum, ou OrtAray-raO, soldiers'
.firmed with the pelta, Liv, " _--
peltatus -a -um (pelta), armed with Die pelta,
Mart. _
Pelvisium -li, n. (n>)Aou<rioi>), a town in
Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, now Castle of
Tineh. Hence, PelusIacUS -a -um, Pelusian.
pelvis -is, f. a. basin, Plin.
penarius (ponuaiius) -a -um (penus),'
of or relating to provisions; cella, store-room;
Cic
penates -luui, m., with or without dii (con-
nected with pen-itus, peu-etro). I. the house-
hold or family deities among tlie Romans ; publici
or majores, the guardian deities of the state, Cic;
miuores, familiares, privati, of the family, Cic.
II. Meton., the house, dwelling; penates relin-
quere, Liv. ; poet., the cells of bees, Verg. -
penatiger -ggra -gfirum (penates and gero),
carrying the Penates, Ov,
pendeo, pepeudi, 2. (pendo), to hang, liang
down. I. Lit., A. Gen., ab humero, Cic; ex
arbore, Cic. ; de collo, Ov. ; in arbore, Cic ;
with abl. alone, tigno, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to
be hung up; pendebit fistula pinu, Verg.; 2,
of clothes, to hang down, flow down; ut peud-
eat apte (chlamys), Ov.; 3, to overhang; a,
to hover ; duin nubila pendent, Verg. ; b, to-
hang in the air; capellae pendent de rupe, Verg. ;
c, of birds, to hover; olor niveis pendebat in
aere pennis, Ov. ; 4, transf., a, to liang about a
place, be continually there ; uostroque in limine
pendes, Verg.; b, to hang down(imw weakness);
tluidos pendere lacertos, Ov. II. Fig., A. to
hang upon the lips of any one, listen or gaze atten-
tively, Verg. ; narrantis conjux pendet ab ore
viri, Ov. B. 1, to be suspendetl, discontinued ;
pendent opera interrupts, Verg.; 2, to be in
suspense, be uncertain, undceideil ; • ne diutiu3'
pendeas, Cic ; frequently with aiiimi, penderi
animi exspectatione, Cic; also with 'annuo, Cic;
and animis, Cic; 3, to depend upon; a, spes
pendet ex fortuna, Cic. ; b, to be a follower of a
person, to imitate; hinc oninis pendet. Lucilius,
Hor. -,
pendo, pgpendi, peusuin, 3. lit., to'cuuse to
hang down; hence, to weigh. ' I. Lit., Ail,
herbae pensac, Ov. ; 2, 1ig.,a, -to weigh ,~.V}ii-
side); judge .' res, uon verba,' Cic! ; b, -to value,
esteem; with geuit., iiiagni, at a high pi-ire,
Hor. B. Esp., to pay (since money was Origin'
ally paid by weight); 1, lit., Acliael iiigctiU-iu •
pocuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis, Cic. '■
vectigul, 'Cic. ; 2, fig., poenas, supplicia, to jwj/
a penalty, suffer punishment, Cic, Liv.; maximas'
poenas pendo tcmeritatis meae, Cic; poena!
capitis, Ov. II. Transf., intransit., to weigh,
Liv. .
pendillus -a -um (pendeo), 1, hanging,
hanging down; collum, Hor.; 2, fig., uncertain, .
undecided; spe pendulus, Hor.
pine = paeue (q.v.). ,
• Peneis, Peneius, v. Peueus.
Penelopa -ae, f. and Penelope -es, f.
(riTji/eXdrreio, ' IlT)i/eA<)m)), the wife of Ulysses,
mother of Tclcmachus, famous for her chastity and ■
conttancy. Heuce, adj., Penelopeus -a -urn.
of Penelope.
pines, pr6p. with ace (from, root PEN.
whence penus, penates), with, in possession of,
in the power of; 1, penes quern est potestas,
Cic. ; penes se esse, to be in one's series, Hor. ;
penes quos laus fuit, Cic; 2, vjilh; penes
Aetolos culpam belli esse, Liv.
Pinestae -arurn, in. (Ilcu'erai), a -people in
Illyria. Hencej Penestia -ae,' f. tho country"
of the Penestae. . }
i ' pecetrabllls -e (peaetrcY L^.aiaw.t^
passed through, penetrable; corpus nullo pene- •
pen
trabile telo, Ov. II. Act., easily penetrating,
piercing ; frigus, Verg. ; fulmen, Ov.
penl trails -e (peuetro). I. passing through ,
penetrating ; frigus, iguis, Luer. II. inward,
inside, internal, interwr ; focus, Cic. Subst.,
penetrale and penetral -alis, u.,seu. plur.,
penetralia -Iu;u, n. 1, the inner chambers,
interior of a house or city ; penetrale urbis, Liv.;
penetralia regum, Verg. ; 2, esp., the inmost pari
or shrine of a temple ; conditum in penetrali
fatale pignus, Liv.
pe>netro, I. (penitus). I. Transit., to set,
place, put in. A. intra aedes penetravi pedeni,
Plant. B. to pass through or into, to penetrate ;
a, lit., Illyricos sinus, Verg.; b, fig., id Tiberii
animuin altius penetravit, sank deep into, Tac.
II. Intransit., to make one's way into, to enter,
penetrate into; sub terras, Cic; intra vallum,
Liv. ; in urbera, Liv. ; transf., nulla res magis
penetrat in animos, Cic.
Peneus (-e8s) -i, m. pnhpwios), the chief
river of Thessaly, rising in Mount Pindits, now
Salembria ; as a river-god, father of Cyrene.
Hence, adj., 1, Peneis -idis, f. of Peneus;
nympha, Daphne, Ov. ; 2, Penelus -a -urn, of
or relating to Peneus.
penicillum -i, n. and penicillus -i, in.
(dim. of peniculus), a painter's brush or pencil,
Cic. ; meton., ixiinting, Plin. ; and trausf., style
of )Xiinting, Cic.
peniculus -i, m. (dim. of penis), o brush,
Plant
penis -is, in. 1, a tail, Cic. ; 2 y — membruin
virile, Cic.
penite, adv. (penitus), inwardly, internally,
C;it.
1. penitUS -a -urn, inward, interior, internal,
Plaut
2. penitus, adv. (root PEN"), internally. I.
in the inmost part, deep within; 1, lit., periculum
inclusum penitus in veuis reipublicae, Cic. ;
argentuin penitus abditum, Cic; 2, trausf., a,
ea penitus »nimis vestris mandate, impress deeply
in your minds, Cic. ; b, accurately ; perspicere,
Cic. ; nosse, Cic ; c, through and through,
thoroughly, entirely, wholly; diffidere reipub-
licae, Cic ; perdefe se jpsos, Cic. II. Transf.,
far away, far removed ; penitus repostas gentes,
Verg.
Penlus -ii, m. (Elo'ids), a river in Colchis,
flowing into the Black Sea.
penna -ae, f. (old Lut. pesna, rout PET,
whence peto, impetus, praepes), a feather. I.
Gen., 1, lit., Plin. ; 2, meton., a, wing, gen. in
plur., wings (of birds or insects); aves pullos
pennis fovent, Cic. ; b, a flying, flight, Ov. IL
Poet., the feathers on an arrow, Ov., and hence,
meton., arrow, Ov.
pennatus -a -urn (penna), feathered, winged;
fama, Verg.
pennlger -gJra -ge>urn (penna and geio),
feathered, winged, Cic.
pennfpes -pSdis (penna and pes), wing-
footed, Cat.
pennlpdtcns -entis (penna and potens),
able to fly, winged, Lucr. ; subst., pennlpo-
tentes -ium, f. = birds, Lucr. ' ' :
pennula -ae, f. (dim. of peuna), a- little
wing, Cic.
pensilis •e(pendeo), hanging, luingingdown,
pendent, Piaut, ; uva, hung up to dry, Hor.
penslo -5nis, f. (pendo), a paying, payment,
day of payment ; 1, nihil debetur ei nisi ex tertia
pensfbne,Cic; 2, rent, Juv,
400 per
pensitc, 1. (intens. of penso), to weigh. I.
Transf., to weigh, ponder, consider; imperatoria
consilia, Liv. it to pay; vectigalia, Cic;
praedia quae pensitant, are liable to taxes, Cic.
penso, 1. (intens. of j>endo). I. to weigh.
.A Lit., aimim, Liv.; fig., Komanos scriptures
eadem trutina, Hor. B. Transf., 1, toweigh =
to judge; amicos ex factis, Liv.; 2, a, to ponder,
w.sider, reflect upon; consilium, Liv.; b, to
weigh one thing against another, to compare ;
adversa secundis, Liv. II. to counterbalance,
repay, compensate, recompense, make good, requite;
a, lit., vulnus vulpere, Ov. ; transniarinae res
quSdam vice pensatae, Liv. ; b, transf., to pay
for, purchase with ; nece pudorem, Ov.
pensum -i, u. (pendo). I. a portion of wool
weighed out to a spinner as a day's work ; hence,
a day's work, task; noctuma carpentes pensa
puellae, Verg.; mollia pensa, Verg. II. Trausf.,
a task, a duty, engagement ; me ad nieuni munus
pensumque revocabo, Cic.
pensus -a -uni, p. adj. (from pendo), weighty,
esteemed, valued, prized; nihil pensi habere ali-
quid, to put no value upon, be indifferent about,
Sail. ; alicui nee quicquam pensi est, Sail. ; illis
uec quid dieerent nee quid facerent quicquam
pensi fuisse, they cared nothing what they did or
said, Liv.
pentameter -tri, in. (nen-anerpoj), a pen-
tameter verse, Quint.
Pentelleus mons (UefTe\tKov 6'pos), a moun-
tain near Athens, celebrated for its marble quar-
ries. Hence, Pentelleus -a -urn, belonging
to Pentelleus; Hermae Pentelici, made of Pentelic
marble, Cic.
Pentbesllea -ae, f. (rUi'Oecn'Aeia), queen oj
the Amazons, ally of Priam against the Greeks in
the Trojan War, slain by Achilles.
Pentheus -Si and -Sos, ace. -eum and -fa
(Tl€v8evs), king of Thebes, grandson of Cadmus,
who treated with contempt the worship of Bacchus,
and was torn to pieces by his mother and her
sisters in a Bacchic fury. Hence, A. PentljSus
-a -uni, ofPentheus. B. Penthldis -ae, m. a
descendant ofPentheus = Lycurgus, Ov.
Pentrl -union, in. a people in Samnium, with
a capital city Bovianum.
penurla -ae, f. (nelva), want, need of any-
thing, esp., want of the necessaries of life, pthury;
cibi, Lucr. ; rictus, Hor. ; sapientium civiuni
bonorumque, Cic. ; liberorum, Sail.
penus -us and -i, c, penum -i, n., and
penus -<5ris, n. (root PEN, whence peuetro,
penates, penitus, lit., that which is kept within},
procisions, store offuod, victuals; est enim oimie,
quo veseuntur homines, penus, Cic.
Peparethus (-6s) -i, f. (run-ap^os), an
island of the Aegean Sea, now Scopelo.
peplum -i, n. and peplus -i, m. (*4ir\ov,
WirXo?), the robe with which the statue of Athene
at Athens was clad at the Panathenaea, Cic
per, prep, with ace I. Of space, through;
a, through (of passage through) ; alteram iter
per provinciam nostram multn (acilius, f.'aes. ;
D, through, along, over; covniiam auream per
forum ferre, Cic"; per mare paupericm fugiens,
per saxa, per ignes, Hor. ; c, before, in the
presence of; incedunt per ora vesira mnguiflci,
Sail. ; d, over, about, all over ; equites per oram
maritimam erant dispositi, Caes. ; qui per im-
perii tui provincias ei credidissent, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Of time, 1, through, during; ludi
decern per dies facti sunt, Cic. ; 2, in the course
of; p&x iomnum, in sleep, Cic. ; 3, during,
under Che influence of; quod fecisset per Irani,
Oio. B. Of the means or instrument by which.
per
401
per
anything is done, through by, by means of; 1,
a, statuerunt istius injurias per vos ulcisci,
Cic. ; per sc (te, etc.), by oneself, alone, without
help. Cic; per litteras, by letter, Cic. ; b, under
pretence of, under shelter of; fraudare aliquem
per tutelamaut societatem, Cic; '2, from motives
of, on account of; per avaritiam docipere, Cic. ;
per inetum, from fear, Liv. ; quum antea per
aetatcm lioiuhini huius auctoritatem loci at-
tingere auderem, on account of age, Cic; 3, on
account of, for the sake of, regarding ; per me
vel stertas licet, as far as I am concerned, Cic. ;
cum per valetudinem posses, venire tameu
noluisti, Cic. ; hence, in entreaties, oaths, etc.
= by ; oro te per deos, Cic. ; per tuam tidem
perque huius solitudinem te obtestor ; in this
sense per is often separated from the noun
whjch it governs, per ego te, fili, precor quaes-
oque, Liv. ; per deos atque homines ! by gods
and men! Cic
pcra -ae (injpa), a scrip or wallet, JIart.
perabsurdus -a -urn, excessively absurd,
Cic
poraccommodatua -a -um, very con-
venient; (in tmesis) per fore accommodatum, Cic.
peracer -cris -ere, very sharp; judicium,
Cic.
peracerbus -a -urn, very sour, harsh; uva
peracerba gustatu, Cic.
peracesco -aciii, 3. to become thoroughly sour ;
transf., to be exceedingly vexed, Plaut.
peractlo -onis, f. (perago), a finishing, com-
pletion; peractio fabulae, Cic.
peracute, adv. (peracutus), very sharply,
very acutely ; queri quod, etc., Cic.
peracutus -a -um, very sharp. I. vm-y
shrill, piercing ; vox, Cic. II. Transf., sharp-
witted, acute; ad exeogitaudum, Cic
peradolesceas -entis, a very young man,
Cic
peradSlesoentiilus -i, m. a very young
man, ffep.
PeVaea -ae, f. I. a strip of land on the
south coast of Caria, opposite Rhodes. II. a dis-
trict in the south of Palestine. III. a town in
Argolis.
peraeque, adv. quite alike, quite equally,
Cic^
peragito, 1. to drive about violently, harass;
veliementius peragitati ab equitatu, Caes.
perago -egi -actum, 3. I. to pierce through,
thrust through, transfix; Theseus latus ense
peregit, Ov. II. A. to drive about, harass, dis-
uiet; 1, agil; freta remo, Ov. ; agruin, to till,
>v. ; 2, fig., totuni Sempronium usque eo
perago ut, etc, ap. Cic. B. 1, to bring to an
end, complete, finish, accomplish; navigationem,
Cic ; inceptum, Liv. ; concilium, Caes. ; fabul-
Ain, to play a drama through, Cic; transf., fab-
ulani vitac, Cic. ; as legal 1. 1., to conduct a suit
to the end; causam rci, Hor. ; reum, Liv. ; 2,
to go through, relate, go over, mention ; verbis
auspicia, Liv. ; postulata, Liv. ; sententiam,
Liv.
- peragratio -onis, f. (pewgro), a wandering
throughj itinerum, Cic.
peragro, 1. (pur and ager). I. to wander
through, pass through, travel through; omnes
piovincias, Cic. it. Fig., to search out, pene-
trate, examine; omnes latebras suspicionum
dicendo, Cic.
peramans -antis, very loving; homo per-
amans semper uostri tuit, Cic
peramauter, adv. very lovingly ; observare,
Cic
per/imbiUo, I. to u,ulk through, pass through.
g
travel through, perambulate ; rura, Hor. ; transf.,
frigus perambulat artus, Ov.
p6ramoenuB -a -um, very pleasant, Tac.
porampluo -a -um, very large, Cic
peranguste, adv. very narrowly, Cic.
perangustus -a -tun, very narrow, strait,
confined ; Iretum, Cic ; aditus, Caes.
peranno, 1. to live through a year, Buet.
perantiquus -a -um, very old ; sacrariura,
Cic
perapp6sltus -a -um, very fit, suitable;
alicui, Cic
perarduus -a -um, wry difficult; mibi hoc
perarduum est demonstrare, Cic.
perargutus -a -um, very acute, clever, witty,
Cic.
pSraro, 1. to plough through; 1, to cover
with wrinkles; ora, Ov. ; 2, to scratch letters
with the stylus, to write on waxen tablets, to write;
litterain, Ov.
perattente, adv. very attentively; ab aliquo
audiri, Cic
perattentus -a -um, very attentive; per.
attentos vestros animos habuimus, Cic
perbacchor, 1. to revel throughout or during;
multos dies, Cic.
perbeatus -a -um, very Itappy, Cic
perbelle, adv. very prettily, very finely;
simulare, Cic
perbentS, adv. very well ; loqui I.atinc, Cic.
perbenSvdlus -a -um, very well wishing,
very well disposed to; alicui, Cic.
perbenigne, adv. very kindly; (in tmesis)
per uiihi beuigue respondit, Cic.
yerblbo -bibi, 3. to drink in, drink up. I.
Lit., laerimas, Ov. II. Fig., to imbibe, take in
mentally; rabiem, Ov.
perblandus -a -um, very charming, very
engaging ; successor, Cic.
perbonus -a -um, very good, Cic.
perbrevls -e, very short ; perbrevi tempore,
or simply perbrevi, in a very short time, Cic.
pertrevlte'r, adv. very shortly, very briefly,
Cic.
perca -ae, f. (nVpoj), a fish, the perch, Ov.
percale'faclo -fe"ci -factum, 3. to make very
warm; pass., porcalefio -factus sum -fieri,
to become very warm, to be thoroughly heated, Lucr.
percalesco -calui, 3. to become very wann,Ov.
percallesco -caMi, 3. I. Intransit., tolose
all sensibility, become quite callous, Cic. -II. to
become experienced ; usu rerum, Cic. .
percarus -a -um, 1, very dear, very costly,
Ter. ; 2, very dear, much beloved. Cic.
percautUS -a -um, very cautious, Cic.
peroelebro, 1. to speak of very frequently, to
talk ofojlen; in pass. = to be in the mouths of
people ; percelebrautur versus de, etc, Cic.
percelSr -is -e, very swift, very rapid ; alicuius
inferitus, Cic.
percelerlter, adv. (perceler), very swiftly,
very rapidly ; auferre diploma, Cic.
peroello -culi -culsuin, 3. (per and 'cello).
I. to beat down, strike down, overturn, shatter.
A. a, lit., aliquoni, Verg. ; fig., quod duo ful-
minadoinuin meam perhos djes perculerint, Liv-.;
b, transf., eos vis Martis perculit, Cic. B.
Fig., to shatter; a, to ruin; lempublicatn, Tac;
b f to cast down the courage of, dispirit, daunt;
aliquem, Liv. ; timore perculsa civitae, Cic. ;
quos pavor perculerat iij silvas, driven to, Liv,
II, to strike, pusJi; aliqiiem genu, Ljv.
per.
percensco -censfti, 2. I. to count through, |
count, reckon ; a, promerita , numerando, Cic. ;
locos invcuiendi, Cic ; gentes, Liv. ; b. to sur-
vey, review; captivos, Liv. ; lig., to judge, criti-
cise ; orationes, Liv. II, to ira.vii through ;
Thessaliam, Liv.
perocptus -a -mn, paitic of pcrcipio.
SubsL. percspta -Orum, n. principles, rules;
aitis, C'ic
perceptio -ouis, f. (pcrcipio). I. a collect-
ing, (tethering together; frugum fructutfmquo,
Cic. II. perception, apprehension, comprehension ;
percept iones animi, Cic.
percldo -cidi -eistim, 3. (per and caedo), to
beat, cut to pieces, Plaut.
perolo -civi -cltum, 4. and percieo -ciere,
2. I. to stir up, set In motion ; se, Lucr. ; hence,
percltus -a -uni, a, aroused, nwd, excited,
Cic. ; b, excitable, irritable; ingenium, Liv. II.
to call, name; aliquem iuipudicum, Plaut.
perclplo -cgpi -ceptum, 3. (per and capio).
1. to lay hold of, take possession of, seize; percipit
me voluptas atque horror, Lucr. II. to take to
oneself. A. 1, sensus percipit rem in se., Lucr. ;
2, to get, receive, colled, gather; fructus, Cic;
praemia, Caes. B. Transf., 1, to perceive, be
sensible of, Jeel ; voluptatein, Cic. ; sonum, Cic. ;
2, to receive mentally; a, tolearn, and in perf.
tenses, to know; praecepta artis, Cic; omnia
civium uomina perccperat, he knew, Cic ; b, to
comprehend, understand ; aliquid auimo, Cic.
percxtus -a -urn, paitic of percio.
percivills -e, very condescending, very gra-
cious, courteous, Suet.
1. perodlo, 1. 1. to strain through a sieve,
Cato. II. to allow to drain or pass through ;
humor per terras .perco'.atur, percolates through,
Lucr.
2. percolo -colui -cultum, 3. I. to adorn,
decorate; quae pnores nondura comperta elo-
quentia percoluere, Tae. II. to honour, reverence
exceedingly ; patrem, Plaut.
percomis -u, very friendly, courteous, Cic.
percommodo, adv. very conveniently, very
appropriately ; perconunodc cadit, or accidit,
or factum est quod, etc., Cic
percommodus -a -lim, v*ry convenient, fit,
appropriate, opportune; with dat., ipsis castris
peroonimodum fuit, Liv.
percontatio (porcunctatio) -onis, f.
(percontor), an inquiry, interrogation, question,
Cic ; percontationem facere, Liv.
percontator (percunctator) -oris, in.
(ptrcontor), an inquirer, asker of questions,
Hor.
percontor (percunctor), 1. dep. (per
and contus), to ask, inquire, interrogate, question,
investigate ; aliquem de aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquid
Hb or ex aliquo, Cic. ; aliquem aliquid, Liv.; per-
contantes, quid praetor cdixissei, ubi conaret,
quo denuntiasset, Cic
percontumax -acis, very obstinate, Tor.
percoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. to boil thoroughly.
I. Lit., carnes. Plin. II. Transf, A. to heal,
-v.ahe hot; huraorem, Lucr. B. to ripen, make
r-ipe ; uvas, Ov, ; to burn, blacken ; nigra virum
psreoelo saecla colore, Lucr.
parorebresoo -brui, and percrebesoo
•bin, 3. :o become very frennent, be' spread abroad,
oioor,\t Drevahn f ,biu-ell known; res pererebuit,
Cic. ; farna percrebruit, with ace. and infin.,
Cae;.
percrep© -cr6pui -crepltum, 3. to resound,
■~.vj] with; lucUaa. illua pewrqpare BtuUerma
vocibus, Cic. i;
402 per
percunctor, percunctatio, etc. = percontor,
percontatio, etc (q.v.).
percilpidus -a -um, very fond of; tui, Cic.
perciipio, 3. to wish, desire exceedingly,
Plant., Ter.
percuriosus -a -um, very inquisitive, Cic.
perouro, 1. to cure, heed thoroughly ; vixdutii
satis percurato vulnere, Liv.
percurro -ctteurri or -curri -cursum, 3. I.
ru transit., A. to run along or over ; per teiiioncm,
Caes. E. to hasten to; citato equo Cales, Liv.
II. Transit., to run through, hasten through, travel
through. A. Lit, omnem agrum Piccnum, Caes.
B. Transf., a, of discourse, to run through,
discuss cursorily, mention in passing; multas res
oratioue, Cic; b, to run, over in the mind or
with the eye;, veloci percurrere oculo, Hor. ;
multa auimo etcogitatiouc, multa etiam legendo,
Cic.
percursatlo -ouis, f. (pereursb), a running
through, travelling through; Italiae, Cic
percurslo -ouis, f. (percurro). I. a rapid
consideration or reflection upon anything ; propter
animi multarum reruin brevi tempore percur-
sionein, Cic. II. Rliet. t. t., a rapid or hasty
jiassing over a subject ; buic (comniorationi) cou-
traria saepe percursio est, Cic.
percurso, 1. (percurro). I. Transit., to rani'
ble over or about; ripas, Plin. II. Intransit., to
rove about; totis tinibus nostris, Liv.
percussio -onis, f. (pereutio). I. a striking,
knocking against ; digitorum, a snapping of the
fingers, Cic. II. T. t. of music and rliet., a
beating time, hence time, rhythm; numerorura
percussiones, Cic
percussor -oris, m: (pereutio), 1, a striker;
Plin. ; 2, a murderer, assassin, Cic
percussus -us, m. (pereutio), a beating,
knocking, striking; percussu crebro, Ov.
pereutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (per and quatio).
I. to strike through, pierce, transfix; rostro nav-
em, Liv.' II. to strike, beat, hit. A. Lit., 1,
aliquem tapidc, Cic ; forem virgit, Liv. ; tunes
do caelo percussae, struck by lightning, Cic ; 2,
a, 'o kill, slay; aliquem securi, Cic; aliqucin
fulminc (of Jupiter), Cic; fulmine percussus,
Cic ; b, /" strike, piny upon ; lyruin, Ov. ;
pennas, to soar, Ov. B. Fig., 1, non percussit
locum, he has 'missed the point, Cic ; 2, a,
to affect, move, astound, strike, shuck; percussus
atrocissimis litteris, Cic ; suspieione sum per-
cussus, Cic; b, to deceive; aliquem strategem-
ate, Cic; c, to wound mentally, afflict; per-
cussus calamitate, Cic (syncop. pert'., pereusti,
Hor.).
perdelirus -a -um, very silly, senseless,
Lucr.
perdirTIcIlis -c, very difficult; navigatio,
quaestio, Cic.
perdifflclUtor, adv. with very great diffi.
cutty, Cic
perdignus -a -um, quite worthy of; tua
ainicitia, Cic.
perdlllgens -entis, very careful, very dill*
gent, Cic.
perdiUgent^r, adv. very carefully, very:
diligently, Cic
perdlsco -didici, 3. to learn thorough'.//;
dictata, Cic; per!., perdidici, to understand
thoroughly; withinfiu., hfminis speciem pingere,
Cic
perdiserte, adv. very eloquently, Cic.
perdite, adv. (perditus), 1, exceedingly, imf
moderately; nliam amare, Ter. ; 2, in an cvrxvj-
doncd- manner, very badly ; se gerere, Cic,
per
403
per
perditor -oris, m. (perdo), a destroyer ; rei-
publicae, Cic.
perditus -a -urn, p. adj. (from perdu). X.
wretched, miserable, ruined ; valetudo, Cic. ;
res, Cic.; judicia, Cic. II. A. immoderate;
amor, Cat. ; perditus luctu, sunk in gritf, Cic. ;
aere, Cic. B. morally lost, abandoned, profligate;
adolescens perditus ac dissolutus, Cic. ; liomo
perditi.ssimus, Cic.
perdiu, adv. a very long time, for a very long
time, Cic.
perdiuturnus -a -urn, lasting a very long
time, very tedious, Cic.
perdlves -vitis, very rich, Cic.
perdix -dicis, c. (nipSitj), a partridge, Plin.
perdo -dldi -ditum, 3. (in pass., gen., pereo,
perditus, perire). I. to destroy, ruin. A. fun-
ditus civitatem, Cic; aliquem, Cic; poet.,
perdere serpentem, to kill, Ov. B. to waste,
squander, spend uselessly; operam, or oleum et
operam, Cic. ; tempus, Cic. II. Transf., A. to
lose; liberos, Cic. ; litem, to lose a lawsuit, Cic. ;
oculos, Cic. ; vocem, Cic. B. to lose money in
gambling; quod iu alea perdiderat, Cic (old
sub.j. pres., perduim -is -it -int, esp. in the exe-
cration, di te perduint ! Cic).
perdocSo -dScili -doctum, 3. to teach, instruct
thoroughly; aliquem, Ov. ; absol., res difficilis ad
perdocendum, Cic
peraocte, adv. very learnedly, very skilfully,
Plaut.
perdoctus -a -urn (perdoeeo), very learned,
very skilful, Cic.
perdoleo -dOlui -dolitum, 2. to suffer great
pain or grief, Ter.
perdolesco -dolni, 3. to suffer violent /xiin
or grief; suam virtutemirrisuiforepcrdoluerunt,
Cic.
perdomo -d5mui -dftmltum, 1. to tame tho-
roughly ; a, tauros feroces, Ov. ; b, to subdue
thoroughly, to conquer ; Latium, Li v.
perduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to lead or
bring to any place. A. 1, aliquem Komam, Lav.;
aliquem ad Caesarem, Caes. ; bovem ad stabula,
Verg.; 2, a, to seduce a woman, Cic; b, to carry
or construct buildings, wjueducts, etc., from one
point to another ; murum a lacu Leinano ad
lnontem Juram,Caes. ; viamaBononia Arretium,
Liv. B. Transf., tobrirujto; l f ad dignitatem,
Caes. ; aliquem ad furorem, Cic. ; ad exitum,
Cic. ; 2, a, to bring over to one's opinion, induce
to do anything; aliquem ad suam sententiam,
Cic. ; aliquem ad ducenta (talenta), to induce to
pay, Cic. ; b, to continue, prolong ; agri colendi
studia ad centesimum annum, Cic II. to spread
over, smear over; totum nati corpus anibrosiac
odore, Verg.
perduotor -Oris, in. (perduco), a pimp,
pander, Cic.
perduellio -onis, f. (perduellis), a hostile
attempt against the state, treason, Cic.
perduellis -is, in. (per and duelluni, archaic
for bellum). I. a publicenemy, an enemy actually
carrying on hostilities, Cic. II. Transf., a private
or personal enemy, Plaut.
perduim :is -it, etc, v. perdo.
perdulcls -6, very sweet, Lucr.
perduro, 1. to last a long time, endure;
probitas longum perdurat ia aevum, Ov.
perSdo -6di -esum, 3. to eat up, devour
entirely ; a, cibum, Pl&ut. ; b, of things, to
consume, destroy; vellere morbo illuvieque
peresa, Verg. ; transf., quos dum* asior ctudeli
tabe peredat, Ycrg.
peregre, adv. (per and ager), in a foreign
country, abroad ; a, habitare, Liv.; depugnare,
Cic. ; fig., animus est peregre, Hor. ; b, from
abroad ; nuntiare, Liv. ; o, to a foreign country,
abroad : exire, Hor.
peregrlnabundus a -urn (peregrinor),
travelling about, Liv.
peregrinatio -onis, f. (peregrinor), a travel-
ling or sojourning in foreign countries; omue
tempus in peregrinatione consumere, Cic.
peregrlnator -Oris, in. (peregrinor), one
who travels about, Cic.
peregrinitas -atis, f. (peregriuus). I. the
condition, of a foreigner or alien. Suet. II.
foreignmanners,customs; quum in urbera uostram
infusa est peregrinitas, Cic.
peregrinor, 1. dep. (peregriuus), to sojourn.
or to travel in foreign countries. I. Lit., tota
Asia, Cic ; in aliena civitate, Cic II. Transf.,
A. a, of things, haec studia pernoctaut nobis-
cum, peregrinantur, rusticantur, Cic ; b, of
persons, (a stray, wander, ramble (meutally) ; in
infinitatem oninem, Cic. B. to be strange,
foreign; philosophiam quae quidetu peregrinari
Romae videbatur, Cic.
peregrinus -a -urn (peregre). I. foreign,
strange; amoves, foreign sweethearts, Ov.; terror,
caused by foreign enemies, Liv. ; subst., per-
egrinus -i, m. and peregrina -ae, f. ; &,a
foieigner, stranger, OTc. ; b, esp., a foreigner
resident in Rome, an alien; neque civis Deque
peregrinus, Cic IX. strange to, inexperienced
in ; iu agendo, Cic. . ...
perelegans -antis, very pretty, neat, elegant;
oratio, Cic.
pereleganter, adv. very prettily, elegantly;
dicerc, Cic.
pereloquens -entis, very eloquent, Cic
peremnis -e (per and amnis), relating to the
crossing of a river; auspicia, the auspices taken on
crossing a river or any running water, Cic.
peremptus -a -um, partic. of perimo.
percndie, adv. the day after to-morrow ; scics
igltoc fortwsse eras, summum perendic, Cic.
perendinus -a -um (percndie), relating to
the day after to-morrow ; dies,' tlie iluy after to-
morrow, Cic.
perennis -e (per and annus). I. lasting i>r
remaining throughout the year; militia, Liv. II.
lasting, durable, perennial; aquae, Cic; cursus
stellarum, Cic. ; luonuincutuiu aere pereunius,
Hor. ; virtus, Cic. ; loquacitas, Cic.
perennitas -atis, f. (perennis), duration,
durableness, perpetuity ; foutium, Cic.
perenno, 1. (perennis), to last many years,
be durable; arte pereunat amor, Ov.
per6o -ii and -ivi -Itum, 4. (to go through). I.
to pass away, vanish, disappear; pereunt victac
sole tepeute nives, Ov. ; dolium lyniphae pere-
untis, passing through, moving away, Hor. IX,
to 6c lost, to perish. A. Lit., a, of persons, to
perish, die; foede, praeclare, Cic; naufragio,
Cic; sumnio cruciatu supplicioque, Cic; eodem
leto, Cic. ; b, of things, urbes pereunt funditus,
Hor. ; peritura regna, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to
pine away, waste away with love; amore, Verg. ;
2, to be ruined politically; meo vitio pereo.
Cic. ; perii I / am, undone! Plaut., Tor. ; pere&ra
si (nisi), etc., a common form of imprecation.
may I die if (if net), Ov. ; 3, to be lost : a, to bs
wasted, spent in vain; ce oleum et op6Ta philo-
logiae nostrao perierit, Cic. ; b, legal 1. 1., to bs
extinguished, to be lost, to expire; quia multia
ac-tiones et res peribant, Liv. (syecop. perf.
, itia., perish, Ov., Liv.). -
per
404
per
perequlto. I. I. Intransit., to ride through,
riae round; per omnes partes, Caes. II,
Transit, to ride round; aciem, Liv.
pSreiTO, 1. to wander, ramble, stray through;
totum Latiinn, Liv.; forum, Hor. ; pass., pererr-
ato jionto, Verg.
pereriidituB -a -11111, very learned, Cic.
pSrexigue.adv very scantily, very sparingly,
Cic^
perexlgiius -a -urn, vcrysmall,vcry little, very
scanty. I. Lit., 1, of space, loci spatium, Cats.;
2, of number, quantity, etc., bona corporis,
Cic. II. Transf., of time, very short ; dies, Cic.
perexpSditus -a -um, very easy, Cic.
perfacete, adv. very wittily ; perfacete dicta
suut, Cic.
perfacatus -a -um, very witty, facetious;
aliquid perfacetum dicere, Cic.
perfacIIS, adv. vary easily; perfacile ap-
paret, Cic.
perfaollis -e. I. very easy; crat perfaeilis
cognitu, Cic. II. very courteous ; in audiendo,
Cic.
perfamlliarls -e, very intimate, familiar;
alieui, Cic; subst., in. a very intimate friend ;
me us, Cic.
perfecte, adv. (perfectus), perfectly, com-
pletely; eruditus, Cic.
perfectlo -onis, f. (perficio), perfection, com-
pleteness, completion ; perfectio niaxiniornm
operum, Cic. ; banc perfectionem absolutioncm-
que in oratoru desiderans, Cic.
perfector -Oris, m. (pcrticio), a perfecter,
completer, finisher ; diceudi, Cic.
perfectus -a -um, p. adj. (from perficio),
perfect, complete, finished. ; homo, orator, Cic. ; in
dicendo, in arte, Cic. ; C. Meminius perfectus
litteria; Cic; eioqueutia, Cic; valvas perfections
nullas ullo unquam tempore fuisse, Cic. ; quod
ego summuni et perfectissimuru judico, Cic.
perfereas -entis, p. adj. (from perfero),
patient; injuriavuon, Cjc.
perfero -tfili -latum -fe.-re, to carry through,
bear, bring to a certain, place or erul. I. Lit., A.
nee pcrtulit ictum, did not reach the mark, Verg.;
alveus fluminis non pertulit gravissimas naves,
did not admit of, Liv. ; reflex., se perferre hinc,
to betake onesdf, Verg. B. a, to carry, bring,
bear, convey ; literas ad aliquem, Cic. ; alieui
nuntium, Cic; pass., to be brought, to reach;
quum ad euin fama perlata esset, Liv. ; b, esp.,
to bring news ; equites pertulere consuleul ob-
sideri, Liv. II. Transf., A. to maintain, pre-
serve; intrepidos ad fata novissitna vultiu, Ov.
B. 1, to bring to ail end, carry through, com-
plete; mandata, Liv.; id quod suscepi, quoad
potero, perferam, Cic; 2, to carry through;
legem, rogationem, Cic. ; 3, to bear, suffer,
endure; perfero ct perpctior omnes, Cic. ; omnes
indignitates contuineliasque, Ca*s.
perf lea -ac, f. (perficio), she that accomplishes;
natura, Lucr.
perficio -feci -fectum, :!. (per ami facto).
I. to bring to an end, complete, finish ; 1, to make
ready, finish; pontein, Caes. ; candelabrum,
Cic; 2, to accomplish a period of time, to live
through; centum qui perficit annos, Hor. II. 1,
a, to accomplish, achieve ; cogitata, Cic. ; conata,
Caes. ; scelus, Cic ; b, to bring to an end, tu
conduct to a close; comitia, Liv.; helium, Liv.;
C. to bring about, accomplish, eject; perllciam
ut, etc., Cic. ; omuia perfecit ne, etc., Cic ; nou
perficio, foil, by qnominus, Cic. ; 2, to make
perfect ; Acnillein cithara, Ov.
pcrfldeils -e, very faithful^ Cic.
perf idla -ae, f. (perfidus), faithlessness, per-
flay, treachery, falsehood; frauclc et perhdia
aliquem falletv, Cic
perfldlose, adv. (perfidiosns), perfidiously,
faithlessly, treacherously ; multa pcrlidiose facta,
Cic.
perfldlosus -a -um (perfldia), perfidious,
faithless, treacherous, Cic.
perfidus -a -um (per and tides), jterfldious,
faithless, treacherous, false; a> "f persons, ami-
cus, Cic. ; b, of inanimate objects, anna, verba,
Ov. ; sacramentuin, Hor.
perfixus -a -um, pierced through, transfixed,
Lucr.
perflabllis -e (perflo), that can be blown,
through ; dii, Cic
perflagitlosus -a -um, very shameful, very
flagitious, Cic.
perflo, 1. to blow through, blow over; ventS
terras turbine perflant, Verg.
perfluctUO, 1. to swarm all over, Lucr.
perfliio -fiuxi -fiuxum, 3. to fl*w, stream
through, Lucr.
perfodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to dig through,
pierce through; a, parietes, Cic; b, to pierce
through with the smrd ; thoraca, Verg.
perfdro, 1. I. to pierce through, perforate;
a, navem, Cic. ; operculum ferreum, Liv. ; b, to
pierce (with the sv:ord) ; latus ense, Ov. II. to
form by boring ; duo lumina ab auimo ad oculos
perforata, Cic
perfortlter, adv. very bravely, Ter.
perfrfequens -entis, much visited, much fre-
quented; emporium, Liv.
perfrlco -frieCii -fricatuiu and -frictum, 1.
I. to rub over, to scratch; caput sinistra manu,
Cic. II. to rub the face to hide the sign of blush-
ing ; os, Cic. ; hence, to lay aside shame or
modesty, Cic
perfrigidus -a -um, very cold; tenipcstas
perfrigida, Cic.
perfriogo -fregi-fractum, 3. (perandfraugo).
I. to break through, break in pieces, shatter.' A.
Lit., saxrjiu, Cic ; naves pexfregeraut proras,
Liv. B. Fig., to break through, set et nought,
disregard, violate; decreta senatus, Cic; leges,
Cic. II. to breal: through, bear down. A. Lit.,
plialangem hostium, Caes. B. Fig., onmes alti-
tudines, Cic. ; animos, to overpower, Cic
^erfriior -fructus sum, 3. dep. I. to enjoy
thorougldy ; laetitiil, Cic. ; regali otio, Cic. IX,
to erecute completely ; mandatis patris, Ov.
perfuga -ae, 111. (peifugio), a deserter, Cic.
perfugio -fugi -fugltum, 3. to flee away; a,
to fly to any place, take refuge in any place; ad ali-
quem, Liv. ; transf., ad otiuin, Cic. ; b, to de-
sert, to the enemy ; quum paene quotidiea Poinpeio
ad C.iesarem perfugercnt, Caes.
perfugium -ii, 11. (perfugio), a place of refuge,
refuge, asylum; perfugium etpraesidium salutis,
Cic ; plur., faitercludere perfugia fortunae, Cic.
perfunctlo -onis, f. (perfungor), a perform-
ing, discharging; honorum, Cic.
ferfundo -ffldi -fusum, 3. to pour over. I.
, 1, to moisten, wet ; a, aliquem sanguiue,
be 1 i i'ule, Tut. ; perfnndi, to be moistened with,
and in middle, to bathe in, swim in; aqui fer-
venti a Rubrio, Cic. ; vivo flumine, Liv. ; per-
fusus fietu, Liv.; b, to dye, stain; ostro per-
fusae vestes, Verg. ; 2, to sprinkle, bestrew;
Lethaeo peifnsa papavera somno, Verg. II.
Fig., to imoueorfill with anything ; qui mehorror
perfudit! Cic; sensus.jucunditate quadam per-
funditur, Cic; tirooie, Liv.
per
•IO.j
Per
pcrfungor -functus sum, 3. dep., a, to ac-
complish, perform, execute, discharge; reipublicae
tnuneribus, Cic ; rebus amplissimis, Cic; b, to
go through, endure ; niolestia, Cic. ; bello, Cic. ;
partic pass., mcmorja perfnucti pcrieuli, Cic. ;
absol., pcrfunctus sum, / have endured, Cic. ; c,
to enjoy; epulis, Ov.
perfuro, 3. to rage furiously, Verg.
Porgamum i, n. and Pergamus (-5s) -i,
f. (Yiepyafj-os -or). I. The citadel of Troy ; gen.
plur., Pergama -ornin, n. II. a town in
Alysia, on the river Cairns, capital of the Icingdom
of Pergamus, residence of the Attalian kings, now
Bergamo. Hence, A. Pergainenus -a -um,
relating to Pergam um (in Mysia). B. Perga-
Kieus -a -um, relating to the citadel of Troy,
and hence, Trojan.
pergaudeo, 2. to rejoice exceedingly,. Cic.
pergo, perrexi, perrectum, 3. (per and rego).
I. Lit., to continue, proceed with, prosecute any-
thing ; with ace, iter, Sail., Li v. ; with infln.,
ad eum ire, Cic. ; absol., perge porro, Cic. ; in
Macedonian!, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of abstract
subjects, nt ad eas (virtutes) cursiin perrectura
beata vita videatur, Cic. B. Of persons, to con-
tinue; id agere perrexi, Cic. ; perge quatuor niihi
i.stas partes explicate, Cic. ; absol., perge lit
cneperas, Cic.
pergrandis -e, very la rye, eery great ; a, of
size, gemma, Cic; b, of value, pecuniae summa,
Cic. ; c, of time, pergrandis natu, very old, Liv.
pergratus -a -um, very pleasant, very de-
lightful; pergratum mihi feceris si, etc., you
■would give me great pleasure if, etc., Cic.
pergravis -e, very weighty, very important;
oratio, Cic.
pergravitex, adv. very seriously; aliqnem
reprehendeiv, Cic.
porgula -ae, f. (pergo), a, o shed or outhouse
•used for curious purposes, a shop, trwl'Shop, Plin. ;
b, a school, Juv.
pSrhibeo -fii -Itum, 2. (per and habeq). I.
to bring forward, propose; quern Caecilius suo
nomine perhiljeret, Cic. II, a, to speak, say ;
ut Graii perhibent, as the ({reeks say, Verg. J in
pass., with r.oiii. and infln., nuntii fiiisse perhib-
entur; b, to call, consider ; vatem hnnc perhib-
ebo optimum, Cic.
perhiluin, wry little, Lncr.
perbojiorif ice, adv. very respectfully, Cic.
perbonoriflcus -a -um, 1, rery honour-
able; disccssus, Cic; 2, very respectful ; collega
in me perbonoriflcus, Cic.
perhorreo, 2. to shudder at, to dread, Ov.
p£rhorresco -horrtii, 3. to become rough. I.
Ol water, to he. agitated ; aequor perborruit, Ov.
II. to be filled with dread, to shudder. A. Lit.,
a, in transit., recordations consulatus vestri per-
horrescere, Cic. ; b, transit., to shudder at ; tant-
am religionem, fugam virginum, Cic. B. Transf.,
to tremble, quake; clamore perborruit Aetne, Ov.
perhorrldus -a -um, very dreadful ; silvae,
Liv.^
perhumaniter, adv. very civilly, very
kindly, Cic.
perhumanus -a -um, very friendly, kind,
civil ; epistola, Cic.
Pericles -\H, in. (nepiKAijs), a. celebrated
Athenian statesman (d. 429 B.C.).
periclitatlo -Onis, f. (periclitor), a trial,
experiment, Cic.
periclitor, 1. dep. (periculum). I. Intransit.,
A. to try, make a trial; periclitemur in ex-
emplis, Cic. B. to be in danger, to be imperilled ;
nt potius Galloruiu vita quain legionarioruin
periclitaretnr, Caes. ; with abl., rebus suis, Liv.
II. TransiT., A. to try, test, 'prove, put to the proof;
fortuuam, Cic. ; vires ingenii, Cic. B. to risk;
lion est salus pcriulitauda reipublicae, Cic.
Pcriclymcnus -i, 111. (IleptKAiifiero}, eon of
Nclcus, an Argonaut.
periculosc, adv. (periculosus), dangerously ;
aegrotare, Cic.
periculosus -a -um (periculum), full of
danger, threatening danger, tlangerous, perilous ;
vulnus, Cic. ; with dat., periculosae libertati
opes, Liv.
periculum (contr. peridural) -i, n. (root
PER, whence experior), a trial, proof, test. T,
Gen., 1, periculum facere, iomake atrial, Caes. ;
with genit., fidei, Cic ; 2. an attempt in author*
ship Cic. II. danger, peril. A. Gen., periculuni
facere alicuius rei, to risk, Livr; salutem soci-
orum snmmuiii in periculum ac diseriinen voeare,
Cic. ; capitis periculum adire, danger of life,
Cic. ; periculum sublre pro amico, Cic. ; pericu-
lum alicui ereare, or conflare, or inferre, or in-
jicere, or facessere, Cic. ; periculum est, with
ne and the subj., there is danger that, etc., Cic.
B. Ksp., (( trial, action, suit; a, lit., Cic. J
b, a legal record or register ; pcricula magis-
fratuum, Cic.
pcridoneus -a -um, very jit, suitable, appro-
priate ; locus peridnneus custris, Caes.
Perillus -i, m. (Ile'piAAo?), an artist in metal
at Alliens, who made, for Phalaris of Agrigcntnm
a brazen bull, in which criminals u<ere to be shut
up and roasted, and who was the first to suffer
death by it.
perlllustris -e, 1, very plain, very evident,
Nep. ; 2, very distinguished, Cic.
perimbeclllus -a -um, rery weak, Cic.
perimo -fmi -einptujn. 3. (per and emo), to
destroy, ruin, annihilate. I. Lit., A. sensfipei-
empto, Cic. ; Troja perempta, Verg. ; corpus
nallore et maeie peremptum, Liv. B. Esp., to
kill a person ; aliqnem, Ov. ; partic pcif. = slain,
Verg., Liv. II. Fig., to hinder, thwart, f rust rati ;
reditum, consilium, Cic. ; eausam publicam, Cic
perincertUS -a -um, very uncertain, Sail.
pSrlncommdde, adv. very Inconveniently.
very inopportunely; accidit incommode, Cic.
perlncommodus -a -nin, wry iiirnnvrnient,
very troublesome, Liv.
perinde, adv. as, like as, just as, in a like
manner; foil, by ac si, Cic; atque, Cic; quasi,
Cic ; tamquani, Cic. ; ut, Cic ; perinde ut . . .
ita, Liv. ; perinde utcumque . . . ita, Cic.
perindigne, adv. very indignantly, Suet.
perindulgens -entis, very indulgent, rery
tender, Cic.
perliifamia -e, very infamous, Suet.
perinflrmus -a -um, very weak, Cic
peringeniosus -a -um, very clever, Cic.
periniquus -a -uni, 1, very unj'air, Cic;
2, very discontented, very unwilling ; periniqno
animo patior, with ace. and infln., Cic.
perinsignis -e, very conspicuous, very ret
markable, Cic
Pcrinthus (-6s) -i, f. (iL-pirflot), a city in
Thrace, afterwards called Ueradea, now Erekli.
perinvisua -a -um, much hated ; homo, Cic
perinvitus -a -um, very unwilling, Cic
perior, peritus sum, 4. to experience, make a
trial of, Plant.
Perlpatotlcua -a -um(n«pnraT7>rixcS0,Pert-
patetic, belonging to the Peripatetic or Aristotelian
pe?
406
per
school of philosojmy ; Bubstj Peripatetici
•urum, m. Peripatetic philosophers.
perlpetasma -atis, ll. (irepiniTaaixa), a
curtain, hanging, covering, Cic.
pSrlratUS -a -urn, very angry, Cic.
periscSUs -idis, f. (irepio-KeAi's), a garter or
on anklet, Hor.
' pSrlstroma -fitts, n. (nepiorpiafia), a curtain,
carper, hanging, Cic. (abl. plur. heteroel., peri-
etromatis).
peristylum -i, n. (neplarvXov), a peristyle
Or court surrounded by a colonnade, Cic.
perlte, adv. (peritus.), skilfully, cleverly;
perite dicere, Cic. ; nihil (peritlus) de foederibus,
Cic. ; perirtssirnervenditare, Cie;
pcritla -ac, f." (peritus), knowledge - derived
from experience, sfci«;-locorani ac ritilitiae, Sail.
perlto, 1. to perish utterly, Lucr.
peritus -a -nm (perior), experienced, skilful,
practised, expert ; absol., peritissimi duces, Caes.;
•with genit,, rerum, Cic; with abl., quis jure
peritior? Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad usum et
disciplinain, Cic. ; with infin., cantare, Verg.
, perjero = pejero(q.v.). -
perjucunde, adv. 'very pleasantly, very de-
lightfttily ; in aliqua re versari, Cic'
perjucundus -a -urn, very pleasant, very
delightful; litterae, disputatio, Cic.
perjuriosus -a -um(perjui'ium), full ef per-
jury, perjured, Plant.
perjurium -ii, n. (perjurns), false sweating,
perjury, Cic.
perjiiro = pejero (q.v.).
perjurus (pejurus) -a -nm (per and jus),
perjured; perjurus et niendax, Cln. ; leiin per-
jurissimus, Cic. ; subst., a perjured person, Cic.
perlabor -lapsus sum, ft. to glide, through,
penetrate ; rot is sumiiiaslevibusporlabitur Hildas,
ylides along, Verg.; with ad and the ace, to
reach to ; inde perlapsns ad nos et usque ad
Oceamun Hercules, Cic.
perlaetus -a -um, very joyful, Liv.
perlate, adv. very widely, very extensively,
Cic. „ i- j.
perlecebra (pellecebra) -ae, f. (pellicio),
an enticing, alluring, Plant.
perlectio = pellectio (q.v.).
perlego (pellego) -iegi •leetnnr, 3. I. to
survey thoroughly, scan, examine accurately;
omnia oculis, Verg. II. A- to read through;
libnim, Cic B. to read through, call over;
senatum, to call over the'roll of senators, Liv]
perlevis -e, very light, very] slight r/peflevi
moinento,'Cic,
perleviter, adv. very slightly ; pungit an'iini
dolor, Cic. ... ... ....
pcrlibens (pcrlubens) -cutis, very will-
ing, Cic.
perlibenter, adv. very vfilUngly, Cic'
perliberalte -e, well brought vp, veil-bred,
Ter.
V erliberallter, adv. very liberally, very
bountifully, Cic.
perllbet (perliibet) -bait, 3. it is pleasing,
very pleasant, Plant.
perliclo = pellicio (q.v.).
perllto, 1. to offer mi auspicious sacrifice, to
sacrifice with favourable omens; prirais hostiis,
Liv.
perlonge, adv. very far, Ter.
perlongus -a -um, 1, very long; via, Cic;
2, i'.i'tivg a lorn time, tedious, Plant.
perliibet, etc.= perlibet, etc (q.v.).
perliiceo (pelluceo) -lnxi, 2. I. to shine
through, gleam, through; 1,- lit., lux perluceris,
Liv.j 2, fig., to shine through, be visible; per-
lucet ex eis virtutibus, Cic. II. to be trans-
parent; pellucens, transparent; aether, Cic;
fig., oratio, Cic.
pci-luclduius (pellucidulus) -a -um
(dim. of perlueidns), somewhat transparent ;
lapis, pearl, Cat. »
perluoidus (pellucldus) -a -um. trans*
parent; membranae, Cic; transf., illustris et
perlucida Stella, bright, Cic
perluctrfiosUB *a -um, very moumfvl, Q\c-. _
perliio -ltti -lutum, 3. to wash, bathe ; -manufc
un<la, Ov. ; pass., perlui, as middle, to bathe ;'m
fluminibus perluuntur, Caes. ; und.i, Hor.
perlustro, 1. I, ""to pass,' wander, range
thrcrugh ; ngros, Liv. II. to regard, consider,
examine ; omnia oculis, Liv. ; aliquid auimo-, Cic
permagnus -a -nm, vera great, very large ;
hereditas, Cic. ; pennagnum est, with inlin., Cic;
subst., permagnum -i, ri. (/ very great thing;
quod permagni interest, Cic.
perm&le, a<lv. very badly or unsuccessfully }
pugnai'e, Cic
permananter, adv. (permano), by flowing
through, Lucr.
permaneo-inansi-inansum,2. to remain, stay,
abide. I. Lit., Seleucus in maritima ora per.
n:. 'liens, Liv. II. 1, to last, continue. ; ut quani
maxime pernianeatit diuturna corpora, Cic. ; 2,
to abide, remain ; in mea pristina senteutia, Ci''.
permano, l. I. to flow through. A. Lit.,
in saxis ac spelnncis pwinanat aquarum liquidity
humor, Liter. B. Transf., to penetrate; per-
manat fYigus ad ossa, Lucr. II. to flaw to. A,
Lit., succus perinaii.it adjecnr, Cic B. Transf.,
to reach, penetrate, extend ; doetrina in civitateni,
Cic ; ad auras alicuius, cic. ; conclusiunculae
ad sensum non periiianantcs, Cic.
permanslo -onis, f. (permaneo). I, a re,
mainino, abiding in a place; quodvis eninl
supplicium levius est hac permansione, Cic. II.
abiding in an opinion ; in una senteutia, Cic.
permarinus -a -urn, relating to the sea ;
Lares, guardian deities of those who travel by sea,
Liv.
pcrmaturesco -maturiii, B. to become tho-
roughly ripe, Ov.
permediooris -e, very moderate, Cic
permeo, L 1. to go through, ]xiss through,
traverse; maria ac terras, Ov. II. to penetrato
or reach; 1, longius in hosfrs, Tac. ; 2, to pei\
vade, Cic. • ... ........
Permessus -i, h. (iiep/urjo-o-d?), a river 'in
Boeotia, rising in ilie. spring on lieliam, sacred-to
th' Muses, and flowing into the Copaic lake.
permetior -mensns sum, 4. dep. I. to
measure through, measure out; solis niagnitU'.
dinem, Cic II. to traverse ; "aequor, Verg.
permotSenS -entis, greatly fearing, V^rg.
permingo -minxi, 3. to defile, Hor.
permlnutus -a -van, very small, very trifling,
Cic.
permlrus -a -um, rery wonderful; illud
miTii perniiruni aceldit, with ace and infin., Cic
permisceo -miscili -mixtum or -mistum, 2.
to mix, mingle thoroughly I. Lit, naturam cum
materia, Cic ; permixti cum suis fugientibus,
Caes. II. Fig., A. fructus acerbitate permixti,
Cic. B. to confound, confuse, bring into dis-
order; omnia jura divina ct humana, Caes.;
Giaeciam, Cic.
per
permissio -Onis, f. (pennitto). I. yielding,
turrender, Liv. II. permission, leave; mea
permissio mansionis tuae, Cic.
permissus -ti, m. (pennitto), have, 2>ermis-
sion; only in abl., permissu legis, Cic.
permitto -nilsi -missum, 3. • to let go, let
loose. A. Lit., 1, equos permittunt iu hostem,
Liv.; 2, to throw, hurl at a mark; saxum in
hostem, Ov. B. Fig., 1, permittere tribunatuui,
to make use of, Liv. ; 2, a, to give vp, yield, cede,
surrender; alicui potestatem, Cic; consulibus
rempublicam, Cic. ; se in fldem ac potestatem
populi, Caes.; b ; to give up, sacrifice; iniinicitias
patribus consenptis, Cic. ; pennitto aliquid ira-
cuiuliae tuae, make some alloivanccs for, Cic", c,
to allow, permit ; with infin., Liv.; with ut N and
the subj., Cic. ; partic. ' subst. , permisauin -i,
n. permission, Hor.
permixte, adv. (permixtus, from perniiE-
ceo), i?t a mixed manner, confusedly, Cic
permixtio -onis, f. (permisceo), a mixing;
mixture, Cic.
permodestus -a -tun, very modest, very
moderate, Cic .
permodicus -a -urn, very modemie, very
small, very slight, Suet. " ; ~ .'
permoleste, adv. (perniolestus), very hardly,
with much difficulty; permoleste tuli, I was much
vexed, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., Cic.
pcrmolestus -a -urn, very troublesome, very
burdensome, Cic.
periuotio -onis, f. (pennoveo). I. a move-
ment, motion, agitation ; animi, Cic. II. an
emotion, Cic
permoveo -mCvi -motum, 2. to move or stir
up thoroughly. I. Life, mare pennotum, agitated,
Lucr. II. Transf., A. to move, excite, agitate
vw'iltallji ; a, to persuade, in/luce, influence;
.■ilic|iiem pollicitationibus, Oaes. ; nihil to CUTUlls
aedilitas permovit quominus lndos flagitio pol-
lute*, Cic; permotns auctoritate, injuriis, Cic;
b, to move, affect; nientem judicum, Cic. ; per-
motus metu, dolore, iracundia, odio, Cic. B. to
excite any particular passion or emotion ; invidiam,
misericordiam, mctum et iras, Tac.
permulceo -mnlsi -mulsum and (rarely)
-mulctum, 2. to stroke. I. A. Lit., aliquem
manu, Ov.; barbam alicuius, Liv. B. Fig., a, to.
charm, delight ; sensum voluptate, Cic. ; b, to'
soothe, tranquillise, soften ; senectutem, Cic. ;
irain alicuius, Cic. II. Transf., to touch gently;
lumina virga, Ov.
permultus -a -um, very much, very many ;
a, adj., viri, Cic; b, subst, permultum -i,
n. much, Cic; hence, permulto, by far, by much ;
with compar., pernmlto clariora, Cic; c, adv.,
permultum, very much; permultum ante, long
before, Cic,
permunio -ivi -itum, 4. to fortify completely,
to finish fortifying ; quaeninnimenta iiichoaverat,
permunit, Liv.
permutatio -onis, f. (permuto). I. change,
alteration; colons, Cic; magna permutatio
rerum, Cic. II. an exchange, barter; 1, permu-
tatio mercium, Tac ; plur., partim emptiones,
paitim pennutationes, Cic ; 2, excliange of
money ; publica, Cic.
permuto, 1. I. to change completely ; senten-
tiam, Cic. ; dominos, Hor. II. to exchange,
Imrter ; 1, nomina inter se, Plaut. ; 2j a, to ex-
change money; ut cum quaestu populi peounia
permutaretur, Cic ; b, to exchange prisoners;
captivos, Liv.
perna -ae, f. (n-cpi/a), a leg of pork, a ham, or
gammon, Hor.
407 per
pernecessarius -a -um. I. very necessary f
tempus, Cic. II. vary intimate ; liomo intimui
ac niilii pernecessarius, Cic.
pernecesse, adv. very iiecessary ; esse, Cic.
p erne go, 1. I. to deny obstinately persist
in denying ; with ace and infin., Cic II. to
persist in refusing, Plaut.
perniciabllis -e (pernicies), deadly, destruc-
tive, fatal ; morbi, Liv.; id perniciabile reo, Tac
pernleialis -e (pernicies), deadly, fatal,
Lucr.
pernicies -el, f. (per and nex). I, destruc-
Hon, disaster, calamity, ruin; perniciem afferre
vitae alicuius,- Cic; incumbere ad alicuius per-
niciem, Cic. ; moliri alicuius perniciem, Cic.- II.
Meton., a dangerous person or thing; pernicies
provincial Siciliae, Cic (old genit., pernicii and
dat., pernicie).
perniciose, adv. (perniciosus), destntctively,
ruinously, calamitously, jwrniciously ;' multa
peiniciosc sciscuntur iu populis, Cic; quo per-
niciosius de republica merentur vitiosi homines,
Cic.
perniciosus -a -um (pernicies), calamitous,
pernicious, dangerous; csp'., dangercms to the
state; exemplum, Cic; lex, Cic; morbi, Cic
pernlcitas -atis, f. (pernix), su-iftness, fleet-
ness, agility, Cic »
perniciter, adv. (pernix), swiftly,' actively,
nimbly; equo desilire, Liv.
pernimium, adv. far too much, Ter.
pernix -ulcis f* pemitor), svjift, nimble, agile,
active; corpus, Liv.
pernobilis -e, very celebrated; epigramma
Graccum, Cic.
pernocto, 1. (pernox), to pass the night, sjiend
the night ; ad ostium careen's, Cic; in nive, Cic;
extra moenia, Liv. ; tl#., hacn studia pernoeiaiit
nohiscum, Cic.
pernosoo -aovi -nOtum, 3. to investigate
thoroughly, to become, thoroughly acquainted with ;
liominum mores ex oculis, vnltu, etc, Cic
pernotesco -notili, 3. to become generally
well known, Tac.
pernox -nocte (only in nom. and abl.), last-
ing all night ; luna pernox erat, Liv.
pernumero, 1. to count out, reckon com-
pletely ; imperatam pecuniam, Liv.
1. pero -onis, m. a boot of rough leather or «ii«
tanned hide, Verg.
2. Pero -us, f. (llrjpiu), daughter of Neleve-,
sister of Nestor.-
perobscurus -a -um, very obscure ; quaestio,
Cic.^
perodi -osus sum -odisse, to hate' exceedingly;
only in partic perf., perosus -a -xaitfAqtitig,
detesting; decern virorum scelera, Liv. ; lucem,
shunning the light, Ov. ; perosuin esse, to hate,
detest ; plebs consilium nomeu perosa. erat, LLv.
per odiosus -a -um,- much hated, very trouble-
some, Cic. - • -
perofficiose, adv. very obligingly, very at-
tentively ; qui me. perolllciose observant, Cic.
PSroleo, 2. to emit a bad smell, Lucr.'
Peronatus -a -um (1. pero), viearing boots of
untanned leather, Pers.
peropportune, ad^•. very opportunely, very
seasonably ; venire, Gic
peropportunus -a -um, very opportune,
very seasonable, very convenient ; deversorium,
Cic
peroptato, adv. according to one's desire, Cic
peropus, adv. very necessary, Ter.
per
408
per
peroratio -Gnis, f. (peroro), a, the conclusion
ct'u speech, peroration, Cie. ; b, the closing speech,
Cic
perornatus -a -um, very ornate (of an
orator), Civ.
perorno, l. to adorn greatly; senatuin, Tac.
peroro, 1. I. to apeak from beginning to
end, to plead a cause throughout, explain or state
thoroughly; to torn r-aueam, Cic. II. to end,
close; a, wirh amis., totum boo crimen decum-
aniini peroral*), Cic; res ills die uon perora-
tur, Cic. ; b, absol., to conclude ti speech, to itrind
up ; quoniam satis multa clixi est mihi peror-
audum, Cic. ; also to close a case, (of the last
speaker at a trial), Cic.
perosus -a -um, v. perodi.
perpaco, 1. tn pacify thoroughly, tranquillize ;
necdum omnia in Graecia perpaeata erant, LIv.
perparce, adv. very sparingly, very frugally,
Tec
perparvulus -a -um, very little ; sigilla, Cic.
perparvus -a -um, very little, very small;
perparva et tenuis civitns, Cic.
perpastus -a -um (per ami paseo),~»v7/ fed,
fat ; ratnis, Pliaedr.
perpauculus -a -um, very fev, very little ;
passus, Cic.
perpaucus -a -um, wry few, very little ; a,
adj., auvocati, Cic. ; b, plur. snbst., (a) in.,
perpauci, very fev, Cic. ; ((3) n., perpauca dicere,
Cic.
perpaululum (perpaulliilum) -i, n.
dim. a very, very little, Cic.
perpaulum (perpaullum), adv. a very
little, Cic.
perpauper -Pi is, very poor, Cic.
perpauxillum -i, n. a very little, Plant.
perpnvefaclo, 3. to terrify exceedingly,
Plant.
perpello -piili -pnlsitm, 3. 1, to rfWiv, to
'urge, compel, prevail j/jkwi, constrain : urhem eo
Tnetu ad deditionem, Li v. ; pen. with ut or ne
n'nd the sub,)., Sail., Liv. ; 2, to make a deep im-
pression on ; candor hiiius te et piweritas,
rnltus oculiqne perpulerunt, Cie.
perpendlculum -i, n.(perpen<ln). aplumb-
line, plummet ; ad ])erpendiculum oolnmnas
exigere, Cic ; ad peipendn ulum, in a straight
line, Cic, Caes.
perpendo -pendi -pension, 8. to weigh care-
fully, to consider, examine, investigate; transf. ,
aliquid ad dlsciplinae praaeepta, Cic; perpend-
itur nmicitia veritate, Cic.
perperam, adv. wrongly, falsely, untruly ;
jndicare, Cic. ; facere, Cic.
perpes -petis(= perpetuus), continuous, un-
broken, perpetual ; noctem perjietem, throughout
the night, Plant.
perpessio -(inis, f. (perpctior), suffering, en-
durunct ; laborum, Cic. ; dolorum, Cic.
perpetior -pessus, X dep. (per and patior),
to bear, endure, suffer steadfastly ; dolorem, Cic;
with ace. and infln., Verg.
perpStro, 1. (per and patro), to complete,
accomplish, perform, commit, effect, bring about,
finish ; cnedem, sacrificium, Liv.
perpetultas -atis, f. (perpetuus), uninter-
rupted continuance, perpetuity, continuity ; vitae,
Cic ; oratlonis, Cic. ; ad pcrpetuitatem, for ever,
Cic
1. perpStud, adv. (perpetuus), perpetually,
for ever, uninterruptedly, Cic.
2. pcrp^tuo. 1. (perpetuus), to make con-
tinual or perpetual- continue, perpetuate; verba,
/i) pronounce in unbroken succession, Cic. ! |iot
fisratcm judicuni, to Maintain iinliukcn, Cic.
perpetuus -a -nm(peto), continuous, unin-
terrupted, continual. I. a, of space, munitioiies,
Cues.; or&tio, Cic; carmen, Hor. ; b, of time, un-
broken, cant in uiug, lasting, perpetual; ignis Vest.-ie
perpetuus ac seiupiternus, Cic. ; quaestioncs,
composed of a standing body of judges, Cie. ; in
perpetuum, for ever, Cic. II, universal, general ;
jus, Cie.
perplaceo, 2. to please erceedingly ; ea (lex)
mihi perplacet, Cic.
perplcxe, adv. (perplexns), confusedly, ob-
scurely; indicare, Liv.
perplexus -a -um (partic. of * perplecto),
confused, intricate, entangled. I. Lit., iter,
Verg. II. Transf., confused, intricate, obscure,
perplexed, dark, ambiguous ; sermones, Liv. ;
perplexum Punico aRtu responsum, Liv.
perplioatus -a -um(perand plleo), entangled,
involved, Lucr.
perpluo, X tolet the ruin through; perpluunt
tigna, Plant.; hence, to rain into ; amor in pectus
perpluit nieuiii, Plant.
perpollO, -t. I. to smooth, polish thoroughly,
Plin. II. to polish, perfect, complete; illam
superioveni partem perpolire atqne conlicere,
Cic.
perpolltUS -a -um, p. adj. (from perpolio),
polished, accomplished, refined; perfecti in die-
endo et perpoliti homines, Cic; vita perpolita
liumanitate, Cic.
perpopiilor, 1. clep. to lay waste, devastate
completely; Italiain, Liv.
perporto, 1. to carry, transport to any place,
Liv.
perpotatlo -onis, f. (perpoto), a continued
drinking, drunken debauch ; plur., intemjiernnt-
issimae peipofationes, Cic.
perpoto, 1. I. to continue drinking, to l.irji
lip a drunken debauch; totOS dies, Cic. ', pcr-
Eotant ad vespenim, Cic II. to drink ifj».
ucr.
perpreiuo = perprinto (q.v.).
perprlmo -pressi -pressum, 3. (per and
premo), to press hard ; cubilia, to lie upon, Hor.
perpropinquus -a -um, very nearly related ;
M. illins Aurii perpropinquus, Cic
perprosper -era -eiiun, very prosperous;
valet udo, very good, Suet.
perprurisco, 8. to itch all over, Plant.
perpugnax -acis, very pugnacious; in dis-
putnuilo, Cic
perpulcher -clira -chrum, very beautiful,
Ter.
perpurgo, 1. I. tn make thoroughly clean ;
se quadam lierluila, Cic. II. Fig., 1, fo explain
thoroughly, to clear up; locum orntionis, Cic;
2, to confute, refute; criminn, Cic.
perpusillllS -a -um, very small, very little;
in double sense, perpnsilius testis processit
. . . non accusabis, perpnsillum rogauo, i.e., /
will ask a little question, I will question the little
man, Cic.
perquam, adv. (per and quani), very much,
extremely; perquam grave est diet «, Cic; per-
qi'iiu breviter, Cic.
perquiro -sivi -Sltum, X (per and qnaeroy,
tn inquire earnestly, make accurate, inquiries,
search for eagerly ; vias, Caes. ; vasa, Cic. ; ilia
ab Rccusatore, Cic.
perquisite, adv. (perquisitus, from per-
nmro), accurately ; in coinpar., perqilisitius et
diHgentius conscribere, Cic.
per
409
per
pcrraro, adv, (perrarus), very rarely, very
seldom, Cic
perrarus -a -uiu, very uncommon, very rare,
Liv.
perrecondltus -a -11111, very abstruse, very
recondite, Cic.
perrepo -repsi -reptum, 3. lu cruivl through,
creep over, Tib.
perrepto, l. (intens. of perrepo), to crawl
about, to crawl through, Plant.
Perrhaobia -ae, f. (ITcppaiSia), a district in
Thessaly. Adj., Perrhaebus -a -uui, Perrhae-
bian, poet. = Thessalian.
perridicule, adv. (perridieulu.s), very laugh-
ably, Cic.
perridiculus -a -urn, very laughable, very
ridiculous, Cic.
perrogo, 1. to ask a number of persons in
succession, to ask one after another ; sententiam,
sententias, Liv.
perrumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. I. Intrausit.,
to break through, burst a way through ; per
medioshostes, Caes. ; per aeiem, Liv. II. Transit.,
to break through, burst through. A. Lit., 1, rates,
Caes. ; 2, to make a way through; paludem, Caes. ;
cuneos hostium, Liv. B. Fig., to break through,
subdue, overpower, annihilate; periculum, Cic;
quaestiones, Cic.
1. Persa -ae, f. (Ile'poT)). 1. a nymph, mother
of Aeetes, Circe, and Hecate by Hoi. Hence, adj.,
PerseiS -Idis, f. (ITepaVs). = magical; hcrbae,
Ov. ; sc. Musa, a poem, Ov. II, name of a little
dog, Cic.
2. Persa, v. Persae.
Persae -arum, in. (riepo-ai), the Persians;
sing., Persa -ae, m. and Perses -ae, m. ;
hence, A. Persia -ae, f. Persia. B. Persis
-Wis, f. 1, adj., Persian, Ov. ; 2, subst., Persia
in a narrower sense, Persis, the district between
Carmania, Media, and Susiana, now Fars or
Farsistan. C. Adj., Persicus -a -um, Persian ;
arbor, or simply Pei-sicus -i, f. the -peach-tree ;
Persica -Oram, n. Persian history.
persaepe, adv. very often, Cic.
persalse, adv. (persalsus), very wittily ; per-
salse ct humaniter gratias milii agit, Cic.
persalsus -a -uui, very witty, Cic.
persalutatio -Onis, f. (persaluto), a greet-
ing, salutation, Cic.
persaluto, 1. to greet a number in succession,
greet all round ; oinnes, Cic.
persancte, adv. very sacredly, Ter.
persapiens -entis, very wise ; homo, Cic.
persapienter, adv. (persapiens), very
wisely, Cic.
persoienter, adv. (per and scio), very know-
ingly, very discreetly, Cic.
persoindo -scidi -scissum, 3. to tear to pieces ;
omnia perscindente vento, Liv.
perscitUS -a -um, very fine, very clever, very
pretty ; (in tmesis) x>er inihi scituni videtur, Cic.
perscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. tovjritedown
accurately, explicitly. A. Gen., rationes sunt
perscriptae scite et litterate, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
officially, to note down, enter in a memorandum-
book or register ; a, omnia judicum dicta, tnter-
rogata, vesponsa, Cic. ; b, to enter in an account-
book ; falsum nomen, Cic; 2, to notify, an-
nounce, relate in writing; alicui mitissimam
.alicuius orationem, Cic. ; de suis rebus ad Lol-
lium, Cic. ; 3, to make over or assign to in
writing; illam pecuniam in acdem sacrain re-
flejcndaii) perscribcre, Cic
persoiiptlo -onis, f. (perscribo). I. a, an,
entering in a register, Cic. ; b, an entering in an
account-book, Cic. II. a making over or assign-
ing by a written document, Cic.
perscriptor -Oris, in. (perscribo), one who
writes down or makes an entry, Cic
perscrutor, 1, dep. I. to aearcli through,
look through, seek through ; urculas niuliebrcs,
Cic. II. Transl'., to examine into, to investigate ;
naturam rationemque criminuin, Cic.
perseco -stJeiii -sectum, 1. tocut off entirely, cut
through, cut out; 1, id ne scrperet iteruin latins,
Liv. ; 2, to dissect, lay bare ; rerum naturas, Cic
persector, 1. dep. I. to follow, pursue eagerly;
accipitros persectantes, Lucr. II. Trausf., to
investigate ; priinordia, Lucr. .
persecutio -Onis, f. (persequor), a prosecu-
tion, Cic.
persedeo -sedi -scssuin, 2. to remain sitting ;
in equo dies uoctesque persedeudo, Liv.
persegnis -e, very sluggish, very languid;
proclaim, Liv.
persenex -is, very old, Suet.
persentlo -seusi -sensum, 4. 1, to perceive
distinctly ; earn tali peste teneri, Verg. ; 2, lojeel
deeply ; magno pectore curas, Verg.
persentisco, 3. 1, to perceive distinctly,
Ter. ; 2, to feel deeply, Lucr.
Persephone -es, f. (nepo-e^onj), the Greek
name of Proserpina (q.v.). ; nieton. = death, Ov.
persequor -secutus and -sequiitus sum,
-sequi, 3. dep. I. to follow constantly, pursue
earnestly. A. Lit., 1, gen., vestigia alicuius, Cic;
2, esp., a, to follow with hostile intent, pursue;
fugientes usque ad rlumen, Caes. ; b, to seaixh
through a place; oinnes solitudines, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, omnes vias, to use every method., Cic ;
2, a, to strive after, seek to attain; voluptates,
Cic. ; b, to follow after, busy oneself with ; artes,
Cic. ; c, to imitate ; ironiam, Cic. ; aliquein, Cic;
d, to belong to a sect, to he a follower of; sectaiu
et instituta alicuius, Cic. ; Aeademiam vetereiu,
Cic; e, to pursue hoslilely, avenge, punish;
civitateni bello, Caes. ; injurias, Cic ; inorteiu
alicuius, to avenge, Cic; f, to prosecute judicially;
(a) a person, aliquem judicio, Cic; (J3) to strive
to obtain ; jus suuin, Cic. ; bona sua lite atque
judicio, Cic ; g, to follow up an act, bring about,
accomplish, perform, execute; mea mandata, Cic;
incept a, Liv.; h, to treat of verbally or in writing ;
set forth, expound, describe ; quae versibus per-
secutes est Ennius, Cic; Brutus philosophiam
Latinis literis perscquitur, Cic. II. to reach (a,
attain to. A. Lit., aliquem ne persequi quidem
posse tliginta diebus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to
collect, call in; hereditates aut syngraphas, Cic;
2, to write down, register ; quae dicuntur, Cic.
1. Perses -ae and Pers£us -ei, m. (riepo^?),
the last king of Macedonia, defeated by the Roman
general Aemilius Paulus (168 B.c). Hence, 1,
Persicus -a -um, relating to Perseus; 2, Per-
seis, ace. -Ida, f. a town in Macedonia.
2. Perses -ae, m. a Persian, v. Persae.
Perseus -ei and -Sos, m. (TIeptrfvs), son of
Jupiter and Danae, slayer of the Medusa and the
monster to whom Andromeda was exposed ; hence,
adj . , 1, Perseus -a -um ; 2, Perselus -a -um,
relating to Perseus.
perse verans -antis, p. adj. (from pcrsevero),
holding out, enduring, persevering, Liv.
perseveranter, adv. (perscverans), perse,
veriugly, persistently ; bene coeptam rem tueri,
Liv.
perseverantia -ae, f. (persevero), pers*
verance, endurance, persistence, Cic,
per
410
per
persevero, 1. (perseverun). I. intransit.,
topersist, remain constant, persevere in anything ;
a, in sua sententia, Cic. ; pass, used also impers.,
uon est ab isto perseveratum, Cic. ; b, to con-
tinue or finish a voyage or journey; una navis
perseveravit, Caes. II. Transit., to ' procetd
with, persist in; id, Cic; with intin., iujuriam
facere fortissime, Cic; with ace. and infin., to
maintain that; perseverabat se esse Orestom,
Cic
persevems -a -uni, very strict ; imperiuni,
Tac •
Persia, v. Persae.
Perslcus, v. Persae and Perses
persideo -sedi -sessum, 2. = persed«o (q.v.).
persido -sedi -sessum, 8. to settle down, Verg.
persigno, I. tonotedown, record; dona, Liv.
persimills -e, very like, very similar ; statua
is tins persimilis, Cic.
perslmplex -lets, very 3implc, Tac.
persisto, 3. to remain constant, persist in
anything ; in eadem impudentia, Liv. (forperfet i
form v. persto).
Persius *u'-, m. I. an orator, contemporary
v-ith Luciliv.s. H. ; a celebrated Roman satirist
■in the reign of Nero.
persolla ae, f. (diin. of persona), a little
musk ; hence, as a term of reproach, a little
fright, Plaut.
persolvo -solvi -solfitum, 3. I. to unloose;
fig., = to explain, expound, Cic. II. to pay, pay
of; a, lit, 8tipendium militibus, Cic ; aes
alienum alienis nominibus suis copiis, to pay the
debts of others with one's own money, Sail. ; b,
transf., to pay, give, render to any one his due,
discharge an obligation ; grates, Verg.; meritam
diis immortalibus gratiam, Cic. ; poenas, lo'mffcr
punishment, Cic. ; epistolae, to answer a letter,
Cic.
persona -ae, f. the mask worn by the odors
in the Greek and Roman drama. I. Lit., nt
ex persona mini ardore oculi hominis histrionis
viderentur, Cic. II. Meton., 1, the part, cha-
racter, pa~son represented by the actor ; persona
de mimo, Cic ; 2, transf., a, the part which any
one plays; the character which he sustains in the
world; aecusatoris, Cic; petitoris personam
capere, Cic. ; personam in republica tueri prin-
cipis, to be. a leading man in the state, Cic. ; b,
a person in the abstract — a personality, iv-
dividuality, character; huius Staleni persona,
Cic.
persoaatUS -a" -am" (persona), 1, clad: in a
VMtsk, masked ; Roscius, Cic; 2, fictitious, not
genuine, counterfeited; quid est, cur ego per-
sonalis ambulem, Cic
persono -s5nui -stfnltuin, 1. I. Intransit., A.
to sound through, resound thoroughly ; domus
cantu personabat, Cic ; aures personant huius-
modi vocibns, Cic; id totis personabat castris,
Liv. ; of persons, to shout, Tac. B. to perform
vpon a musiccd instrument ; citbara lopas per-
sonat, Verg. II. Transit., A. tofiU with sound,
cause to resound ; aequora concha, Verg. B. a, to
c>-y loudly, with ace. and infin., Cic; b, to pro-
claim loudly; quas (res) isti in angulis personant,
Cic
perspcetc, 1. (intens. of perspieio), 1, to
look at to the. end, Suet.; 2, to look o.liubout, Plaut.
perspectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from perspieio),
well known, fully known ; virtus, Cie. ; (superb),
benevolentia perspectissima, Cic.
perspeculor, 1. dep. to investigate, explore
thoroughly, Suet.
perspcrgo, ". (per and spargo), to sprinkle,
moisten: fig., quo taniquain sale perspergntur
omnis oratio, Cic
perspicacitas -;lUs, f. (perspicax), sharp-
sightediiess, Cic (?)
perspicax -Scis (perspieio), sharp-sighted,
acute; id quod acutuin ac perspicax uaturaest,
Cic
perspicientia -ae, f. (perspieio), a perfect
acquaintance with or knowledge of; veri, Cic
perspieio -spexi -spectum, 3. (per and
speeio). I, Intransit.', to 'look into, to pejietratc
by the look ; quo nou modo non intrari, .s"e*fl ne
perspici quidem posset, Cic. II. Transit., A. to
see through, look through, behold; nt prao densi-
tate arborum perspici caelum, vis jtosset, Liv.
B. a, to look at attentively, survey, examine;
domum taam, Cic ; b, to read through something
written ; eas (epistolas) ego oportet perspiciam,
Cic. ; C, to regard mentally, note, observe, in-
vestigate, ascertain; alicuius lidem, Cic; animos
regum, Cic ; with arc and infin., Cie. ; or pass.,
with nom. and infin., Cic; with rel. sent., ista
Veritas quae sit, non satis perspieio, Cic
perspicue, adv. (perspicuus), clearly, plain-
ly, evidently; plane et perspicue expedirealiquid,
Cic
persplcuitas -atis, f. (perspicuus), 1, clear-
ness, brightness, transparency, Plin. ; 2, transf.,
clearness, perspicuity, Cie.
perspiC&US -a -um (perspieio). I. trans-
parent, bright, clear; aquae, Ov. II. Transf.,
clear, evident, perspicuous ; utilitatis ratio aut
perspieua nobis aut obseura, Cic.
persterno -straYi -stratum, 3. to make iptite
level, pave thoroughly ; viam silice, Liv.
pcrstimulo, 1. to goad on violently, Tac
persto-stlti -staturus, 1. to stand firm, remain
standing. I. Lit., armati omnes diem tbtuin
perstant, Liv. II. Transf, A. to remain un-
changed, to last, endure; nihil est quod toto
perstet in orbe, Ov. B. to stand firm, 2iersist,
persevere ; in incepto, Liv. ; in sententia, Cic ;
with infin., si perstiteris corpus ad ea quae dixi
referre, Cie.
perstrepo -ui, 3. to make a great noise, Ter.
perstringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to graze,
graze, against. I. Lit., a, portam aratro, Cic ;
solum aratro, to plough, Cic ; b, esp., to wound
slightly; femur, Cic II. Transf., a, to touch,
seize, lay hold of; horror ingens speetantes per-
stringit, Lit. ; eonsnlatus meus cum perstrinx-
erat, hadwaed, Cic. ; b, to scold, blame, reproach ;
voluntate: cetiis, Cic; aliquem suspiclone,
Cic. ; C, .'•■ h vpon in discourse, relate briefly ;
tantuminodo perstringere unamquamque rem,
Cic.
perstudlose, adv. (perstudiosus), very
eagerly, very willingly, Cic
perstudiosus -a -um, very eager, very desir-
ous, very fond ; litterarum, Cic
persuadeo -suasi-suasum, 2. I. toconvincc;
with or without dat. of pers., with aecus. and
infin., or rel. sent., or with de and the abb,
velim tibi ita persuadcas me tuis consiliis nullc
loco defuturum, Cic ; imprimis hoc volunt
persuadere, non interire aniinas, Caes. ; pass,
impers., hoc ipsis Siculis ita persuasum est, Cic
II. to persuade, prevail upon a person to adopt any
course of action; with or without dat. of pers.
and with ut and the subj., or the subj. alone,
or with rel. sent., 01 with the infin., liuic per-
suadet uti ad hosteS transeat, Caes. ; with aceus.
of tiling, niioruin si utrumvis (Pompcio) per-
s'lasissem, Cic. ; pass, impers., quibus persuasum
est hostem persequi, Cic
persuaplo -onis, f, (persuadeo), 1, a am.
per
411
per
vineing, persuasion, Cic. ; 2, a conviction, belief,
opinion y superstitionum persuasione, Tac
persuasus -ft, m. (persuadeo), persuasion ;
hums persuasu, Cic.
persubtilis -e, 1, very fine,- very subtle,
Lucr. ; 2, very subtle, very refined; oratio, Cic.
persulto, 1. (salto). I. Intransit, to leap,
skip about a place; inagro, Liv. II. Transit, to
range through; captain Italiam, Tac.
pertaedet -taesum est, 2. impers. to be
weary of, disgusted with anything; pertaesum
est levitatis, Cic. ; vos injuriae pertaesum est,
Sail. .
pertendo -tend! -tensum and -tentum, 3. I.
to continue, carry through; aliquid, Ter. II. to
direct one's steps anywhere, to go; pars maxima
Romam pertenderunt, Liv.
pertento, 1. I. to prove, test, try. A. Lit.,
pugionem utrumque, Tac. B. Transf., a, to
put to the test; adolescentium animos, Liv. ; b,
to consider, to examine ; perspice rem et pertenta,
Cic. II. to seize, lay hold of, affect ; tremor per-
tentat corpora, Verg.
pertenuis -e, 1, very fine, very small, Plin. ;
2, very small, very slight ; spes salutis, Cic. ;
suspicio, Cic.
perterebrOj 1. to bore through ; columnain,
Cic.
pertergeo -tersi -tersum, 2. to wipe off, wipe
up. I. Lit, gausape mensam, Hor. II. Transf.,
to touch gently, Lucr.
perterrefacio (-feci) -factum, 3. (perterreo
and facio), to frighten, terrify exceedingly, Ter.
perterreo -tcrriii -turn turn, 2. to frighten,
terrify exceedingly; maleficii conseientia perter-
ritus, Cic.
perterncrepus -a -ran, sounding, rattling
terribly, Lucr. ..."
■ pertexo -texfii -textum, 3. to weave entirely ;
transf., to complete, accomplish; pertexe modo
quod exorsus es, Cic.
pertica -ae, f. a long pole or rod, Ov.
pertimefactus -a -urn (pertimeo and facio),
frightened exceedingly, ap. Cic.
pertimesco -timfii, 3. (pertimeo), to fear
exceedingly, be very much afraid of; nullius pot;
cntiain, Cic. ; de suis periculis,' Cic.
pertinacia -ae, f. (pertinax), firmness, ob-
stinacy, pertinacity; hominum nimia pertinacia
et arrogantia, Caes. ; in pertinacia perstare, Liv. ;
frangere pertinaciam, Liv.
pertlnaciter, adv. (pertinax), firmly, ob-
stinately, pertinaciously ; fusos insequi, Liv.
pertinax -aeis (per and tenax). I. having
a firm hold, tenacious; digito male pertinaci,
Hor. II. firm, persistent, persevering, pertina-
cious, obstinate ; virtus, Liv. ; concertatio, Cic. ;
pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam, Liv.
pertineo -tiniii, 2. (per and teneo), to reach to,
extend to. I. Lit, venae in omnes partes cor-
poris pertinentes, Cic. ; Belgae pertinent ad in-
I feriorem partem fluminis Itheni, Caes. II.
Transf., 1, to reach, extend, spread; eadembon-
itas ad multitudinem pertmet, Cic. ; 2, to tend
towards, to have as an object or result ; ea- quae
ad elfominandos animos pertinent, Caes. ; quors-
um pertinot? of what service is it t of what good is
it? Hor. ; 3, to relate, pertain, belong to; a, ilia
res ad oiticium ineunt pertinet, Cic. ; iuterpret-
ando, quorsum quidque pertineat, Cie. ; b, to at-
tach to, to fall upon ; ad qucm suspicio maleficii
pertineat, Cic. ; 4, to have an influence upon,
affect; si quid hoc ad rem pertinet, Cic. ; 5, to
relate to; quod or quantum pertinet ad, with
ace, in relation to;. quod ad populum pertinet,
Cic. . .
pertlngo, 3. (per and tango), to stretch out,
extend to; collis in inimensuin pertingens, Sail.
pertolcro, 1. to endure to the end, bear com-
pletely, Lucr.
pertorqueo, 2. to twist,' distort, Lucr.
pertractatio -onis, f. (pertracto), an occupy-
ing or busying onesclfviith, application to anything;
rerum publicarum, Cic.
pertracto (pertrecto), 1. l. r Jo touch with
the hands, lay hold of, handle, feel ; barbatulos
mulloa exceptare de piscina et pertracrare, Cic.
II. Transf., a, to busy oneself with, treat, study ;
philosophiam, Cic; b, to influence, work upon;
sensus mentesque hominum, Cic.
pertraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to drag to a
place; a, to forcibly conduct; aliqnem in castra,
Liv. ; b, to entice or allure to a place; hostem
ad insidiarum locum, Liv.
pertrecto = pertracto (q. v.), . ' . ■
pertristis -e, 1, very sorrowful, . ap. Cic. ;
2, very austere ; quidam patruus, Cic.
pertumultuose, adv. in an agitated or tu-
multuous manner; nuntiare, Cic.
pertundo -tiidi -tusum (-tussum) and -tun-
sum, 3. to bore through, thrust through, • push
through, Cat.
perturbate, adv. (perturbatus), confusedly,
in a disorderly manner ; dicere, Cic.
perturbatlo -onis, f. (perturbo), confusion,
disorder, disquiet. I. Lit., caeli, stormy weatlier,
Cic. II. Transf., A. confusion, disorder ; ratforifa
atque ordinis, Cic. ; auimoriini, Cic. ; vitac, Cic.
B. 1, political disorder, disquiet, disturbance;
magna rerum perturbatione impendent*:, Cic. ;
2, passion, emotion ; perturbationes sunt genere
quatuor, aegritudo, fonnido, libido, laetitia, Cic.
perturbatrix -Icis, f. (perturbo), she that
disturbs, Cic.
perturbatus -a -um, p. adj. (from perturbo),
confused, disquieted, disturbed £ nnmquam Vidi
hominem perturbatiorem metu,' Cic.
perturbo, 1. .to disturb, greatly, 'bring into
complete confusion.' I. Lit, £eieni,.Sall. ; ordjnes,
Caes. II. Transf., A. to disturb", confuse ■; cah-
ditiones faetionesque bellieas perjurlo, to break,
Cic' B. 1, to disturb 'politically ; provinciain,
Cic. ; 2, to disturb the feelings,' to disquiet, alarm ;
de reipublicae salute perturbari, Cic. ; periurbari
animo, Caes. " -'-.-.. .'• '■'
perturpis -e, very base, very diegracefid, Cic.
pertusus -a -mi), p". adj. (from perturido),
bored through, perforated; dglium a fundo per-
tusum, Liv; ■" '-"'"," ■ "'' "
perungo -uiixi -unctum, 3. to anoint Oiorougli-
ly, besmear ; corpora oleo, Cic.
pci urbanus -a -um, 1, very polite, refined,
witty, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, over-polite, Cic.
perurgeo -ursi, 2. to urge greatly, earnestly
press upon, Suet. . '..-'
peruro -ussi -ustuni, 3. I. to burn tho-
roughly, to burn up ; agrum, Liv. II. A. to
inflame (with love, etc.) ; perurimur oestu, Ov. ;
perustus inani gloriS, Cic. B. 1, to gall, cltafe,
inflame; subducant oneri colla pcrusta boves,
Ov. ; 2, to pinch, nip with cokl; terra perusta
gelu, Ov.
Periisia -ae, f. one of the twelve allied Etrus-
can towns, now Perugia. Hence, Perusinus
-a -um, belonging to Perusia.
perutills -e, very useful, Cic.
pervado -vasi -vilsum, 3. I. to go through,
come through, puss thrannh, A. Lit., incendium
per
412
per
j»er agros pervasit, Cic. ; per aequa et iniqua loca,
I.iv. B. Transf., %>ervade ; opinio quae per
animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic.
II. to attain, to reach to, to arrive at. A. Lit,
in Italiam, Cic; ad castas, Liv. B. Transf.,
to reach to; locus nullus est quo non hominum
libido pervaserit, Cic.
pervagatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from pervagor).
I. spread abrocul, well known ; sermo, Cic. ;
pervagatissimus versus, Cic; neut. plur. subst,
ista uoinumuia et pervagata, those well-known
rules, Cic. II. common, general; pars est per-
vagatior, Cic.
pervagor -atus sum, 1. I. In transit., to
wander, to rove about. A. Lit, omnibus inloeis,
Cacs. B. Transf., to be widely spread ; a,= to
became known everywhere ; quod in cxteris nati-
onibus usque ad ultimas terras pervagatum est,
Cic. ; b, to become common ; ne is honos nimiuni
pcrvagetur, Cic. II. Transit., to wander through.
A. Lit., bello prope orbem terrarum, Liv. B.
Transf., cupiditatcs, timores omnium nientes
pervagantur, Cic
pervagUS -a -urn, wandering everywhere;
puer, Ov.
pervaleo -ui, 2. to be very strong, Lucr.
pervarie, adv. very variously, Cic.
pervasto, 1. to devastate, lay wuste com-
pletely ; omnia ferro flaiumaque, Liv.
perv&ho -vexi -vectutn, 3. I. to carry
through, conduct through ; eommeatus, Liv. ;
pass., pervebi, as middle, to travel, sail, pass
through, Tac II. to carry, lead, conduct, bring
to a place; virgines Caere, Liv. ; pass., pervelii,
as middle = to travel to; Chalcidem, Liv.; in
portuin (tig.), Cic.
pervello -vclli, 3. to pluck, pull, twitcli
violently. I. Lit., aureni, Pliaedr.; stoiuachuin,
to excite, Hor. II. Fig., to pinch, hurt, pain;
si te forte dolor aliquis pervellerit, Cic ; hence,
to disparage, revile ; jus civile, Cic
pervenlo -veni -ventum, 4. to arrive at,
come to, reach. L. Lit., Gemiani in fines Ebur-
onum pervenerunt, Caes. ; ad portaiu, Cic. II.
Transf., a, of persons, to attain to, to arrive at,
reach ;, in maximam invidiam, Cic; in senatnin,
to become a senator, Cic. ; in scripta alicnius, to
be mentioned by an author, Cic ; ad SUUIU, to
obtain one's own, Cic; ad primos comoedos, to
attain to the rank of, Cic ; b, of tilings, to come
to ; pecunia ad Verrem pervenit, Cic.
perverse, adv. (perversus), wrongly, per-
versely ; interpretari, Cic; uti deorum benelicio,
Cic
perversltas -atis. f. (perversus), perversity;
liomiuum, Cic. ; opinionum, Cic.
perversus -a -um, p. adj. (from perverto),
crooked, awry, askew. I. Lit., perversissimi
oculi, squinting dreadfully, Cic. II. perverse,
froward, wrong; sapicntia Tuberonis, Cic.
perverto (pervorto)- vert i (-vortl)-versuin
(•vorsuin), 3. to turn upside down, overturn,
nvrrthrtno. I. Lit., tecta, Cic. II. Transf., A
to invert, pervert; perverso more, against tradi-
tion, custom, etc., Cic; perverso nomine, against
thexoillofthegods, Verg. B. Meton., to overthrow,
destroy, pervert; amicitiam ant justitiam, Cic;
omnia jura divina atque liumana, Cic C. to
trip up, put down ; numquam (ille me) ullo
artificio pervertet Cic
pervesporl, adv. very lute in the evening,
Cic.
pervostlgatio -Oiiis, f. (pervestigo), a track-
ing tut, investigation, Cic.
pervoatjgo, i. to track out, j. Lit,, of
bunting dogs, Cic II. Fig., to inrestigai$,
search into ; pervestigare et cognoscerc, Cic.
pervetus -eris, very old; rex, Cic; ainicitia,
Cic.
pervetustus -a -um, very old ; verba, Cic.
pervicacia -ac, f. (pervieax), persistency;
usually in a bad sense, obstinacy, stubbornness;
mulierositas, pervicacia, ligurritio, Cic ; pervi-
cacia tuaet superbia, Liv.; pervicacia in hostoni,
firmness, Tac.
pervicaclter, adv. (pervieax), firmly, ob-
stinately, stubbornly ; compar., pervieacius, Liv.
pervieax -aeis (* pervieo for pervinco), firm,
unyielding; in a bad sense, stubborn, obstinate;
virtus, Liv.; with genit., pervieax irae, Tac;
with adversus, adversus peiitos pervieax, Tac
pervideo -vidi -visum, '->. I. to overlook,
look at, regard, behold ; 1, lit., sol qui pervidet
omnia, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, cunctaquo mens
oculis pervidet usa suis, Ov. ; b, to look over —
to review; quum tua pervideas oculis mala
lippus inunctis, Hor. II. to look through and
through; 1, lit., to distinguish; tit licque . . .
quue cuiusque stipitispalmasitpervideri possit,
Liv. ; 2, transf., a, to examine ; quid ca postulet
pervidendum, Cic ; b, to look at, perceive, dis-
cern ; auimi mei Unnitateui, Cic; meton., to
consider, examine; videbo te et pervidebo, Cic.
pervlgeo -gui, 2. to flourish, bloom, con-
tinually; opibus atque honoribtts pcrviguere,
remained long in possession of, Tac.
pervigil -ilis, very watchful, always watch-
ing, Ov.
pervlgllatio -onis, f. (pervigilo), a vigil, a
religious watching, Cic.
pervigilium -ii, n. l,a watching throughout
the night, Plin. ; 2, a religions watching, vigil;
castra pervigilio neglects, Liv.; pervigilium
celcbrarc, Tac
pervigilo, 1. to watch, remain awake through-
out the night ; uoctem, Cic.
pervilis -e, very cheap; annonn, Liv.
pervinco -vici -victuin, 3. I. [ntransit, to
gain a complete victory. A. Lit., pervicit Var-
uanes, Tac B. Transf., to carry one's point;
pervicit Cato, Cic II. Transit., to conquer com-
pletely, subdue utterly. A. Lit., Plant, B.
Transf., 1, to surpass, outdo; voces pervincunt
sonum, Hor. ; 2, to indlUX, prevail upon, suc-
ceed in, prevailing; with ut and the sub]., multis
rationibus pervicerat Rhodios ut Roinauain
societatem rctinerent, Liv. ; Co bring about with
difficulty; pervicerunt remis ut tenerent terram,
Liv. J 3, to prove, demonstrate; aliqitid dictis,
Lucr.
perviUS -a -um (per and via), passable, acces-
sible, having a road, through, I. Lit., loca
equo pervia, Ov.; transitioned, Cic. Subst.,
pervlum -li, n. a passage, Tac II. Fig., ac-
cessible ; nihil ambitioni pervium, Tac
pervolgo = pervulgo (q.v.).
pervollto, 1. (intens. of 1. pervolo), to fly
through or round, to flit about ; omnia late loca,
Verg.
1. pervolo, 1. I. to fly through, fly round;
1, lit, aeiles, Verg.; iter aerium, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
of any rapid motion, sex milia p'.ssunm cisiis,
Cic. II. to fly to a place; in banc sedem, Cic
2. pervolo -volui -vellc, to wish greatly, to
be very desirous; pervelini scire, Cic.
pervoluto, 1. (Intens. of pervolvo), to roll
round ; esp., to unroll, read a book; libros, Cic.
pervolvo -volvi -volfittim, 3. to roll about.
I. Cen., 1, lit., aliqnein in Into, Ter. ; 2, fig.,
nt in its Inns jwyvnlvattir animus, may >>c r,i.
per
413
gaped in, C'ic, II. to turn over a book, to read,
Celt.
pervorse, perrorsio, pervorto, etc. = per-
verse, perversio, pcrrcrto, etc. (q.v.).
pervulgatus -;i -mil, p. adj. (fi-oui per-
vulgo), 1, rcry usual, very common; consolatio,
Cic. ; 2, well known ; ista malcdieta pervulgata
in omne.s, Cic.
pervulgo (pervolgo), 1. L to jviillish,
make publicly known ; 1, res in vulgus pervul-
gata, Cic. ; illus tabulaspervulgaiiatqueedi P. R.
imperavi, Cic. ; 2, of a woman, se, to prostitute
herself, Cic. II. to visit or sojourn often in a
place, Lncr.
pes, pgdis, in. (nWs), the foot (used both of
men and animals). I. Lit., 1, calcei apti ad
pedem, Cic. ; pedem ferre, to go, Verg. ; pedem
porta non eft'ene, Cic; pedem referrc, Cic,
Tevocare, to go liacK; return, Verg. ; pedibns, on
foot, also by land, Cic; servus a pedibus, an
attendant, lackey, Cic; accldere ad pedes ali-
cnius, Cic. ; prohibiti estis in provineia vestra
pedem ponere, Cic. ; pedc. pnlsare terrain, to
dance, Hor. ; 2, esp., a, milit. t. t,, pedibus
inerere, to serve in the infantry, Liv.; descendere
ad pedes (of cavalry), to dismount, Liv. ; pedem
conferre, to fight hand to hand, Liv.; b, as polit.
t t. (of senators), pedibus ire in sententiam
aliening, to agree with, support some one's proposal,
Liv.; ne (quis) pedibus iret, should vote, Cic;
3, fig., sub pedibus, wider the power of, Liv.;
.sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be thought little of,
Ov. ; so sub pede ponere, Hor. ; pedem op-
ponere, to withstand, Ov.; pedem trahere, to
Imp (of iambic verse), Ov. ; per me ista trali-
antur pedibus, may as far as I am concerned be
turned topsy-turvy, may go to the doqs, Cic. ; ante
pedes positum esse, to be before one's feet or eye*
Cic; circum pedes = circum se, Cic; ante
pedes Manilii, before Manilins, Cic; pes sec-
undus, felix, dexter, happy or fortunate arrival,
Verg., Ov. II. A. Transf., 1, poet,, of water
crepante lympha desilit pede, Hor.; of time
taeito pede input vetustas, Ov. ; 2, a, the foot
of a chair, table, or other article of furniture,
Tac. ; b, pes veli, the rope or sheet attached to
the lower edge of a sail, by which it was tightened
or relaxed; hence, pede aequo, with fair wind,
Ov. ; facere pedem, to veer out the sheet to catch
a side wind, Verg. ; c, the pole on which a litter
is carried, Cat. B. Meton., 1, pedibus vincere,
m a foot-race, Ov. ; 2, esp., a, t. t. of poetry, a
•metrical foot, Cic; b, a metre, species of verse;
Lesbius, Hor. ; c, a foot, as a measure of length :
pedem non egressi sum us, Cic
pessimus, pessime, v. malus.
Pesslnus (Pesmus) -untis, f. (neo-<nroC?,
Ueaxvinn -oi.i/tos), one of the most celebrated towns
of Galutia, near Mount Dindynms, chief seat of
the worship of Cybele, now Ikdahazar or Bala-
hissar. Adj., Pessinuntlus -a -urn, relating
to Pessmus.
peasulus -i, m. (TrdoroAo?), a bolt; pes-
sulum ostio obdere, Ter.
pessum. adv. (for pedis versum), to the
ground, to the bottom, downwards; pessum ire,
to sink to the ground, Cic; to be ruined, to
perish, Tac Esp., pessum do (orpessumdo
or pessnndo) d£di, datum, dare, to let fall to the
ground, to destroy, ruin, put an end to, Sail. ;
ad inertiain pessum datus est, sunk into, Sail.
pestlfer -Era -ferum and pestiferus -a
•mil (pestis and fero), 1, pestiferous, pestilential ■
odor corporum, Liv. ; 2, transf., deadly, fatal,
destructive, injurious; vipera, Cic'; civis, Cic.
. Pestlfgre, adv. (pestifer), balefully, injur-
iously, Cic. J
pet
pestilens -cut is (pestis). I, pestilential, un-
healthy; aedes, Cic; annus pestilcntissimus,
Cic II. Transf., deadly, fatal, noxious; homo
pcstilcntior, Cic.
pestilentia -ae, f. (pestilens), pestilence,
plague, infectious disease. L Lit., and meton.,
1, lit, causa pestilentiae, Cic; pestilentia
laborare, Liv. ; 2, meton., unhealthy air, weathei ,
place; pestilentiae possessors (of unhealthy
places), Cic. ; autumni, Caes. II. Transf.
(moral), plague, pest, Cat.
pestilltas -atis, f. = pestilentia (q.v.).
pestis -is, f. I, o pest, pestilence, plague,
infectious disease, mcUaria; pestem ab Aegypto
avertere, Cic. II. Transf., A. destruction, ruin,
death; pestem in aliquem machinari, Cic. ; illain
a republics pestem depellere, Cic. B. Meton.,
an injurious thing or person, a pest, curse, bane;
illae inclusae in republica pestes, Cic
petasatus -a -um (petasus), wearing the
petasits (q.v.) = equipped for a journey, Cic
petaslo (petaso) -onis, m. (jreracrwV), a
fare-quarter of pork, Varr.
petasunciilus -i, m. (dim. of petaso), a
little fore-quarter of pork, Juv.
Petasus -i, m. (niTacrof), a broad-brimmed
felt hat, used by travellers, Plaut.j
petaurum -i, n. (TtiTavpov), a spring-board
used by tumblers and rope-dancers, Juv.
Petelia (Petilia) -ae, f. a town in the
Bruttian territory colonised by the Lncanians,
now Strongoli. Hence, adj., Petelinus -a -urn,
Petelian.
petesso (petisso), 3. (peto), to desire, long
for, strive after eagerly ; aliquid, Cic
petitio -finis, f. (peto). I. an attack, thrust,
blow; tuas pctitiones efl'ugi, Cic; an attack in
words; novi omnes hominis petitiones rationesque
dicendi, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a requesting; a,
petitio indutiarum, Liv. ; b, an application for
office, candidature; consulates, Caes.; dare se
petitioui, Cic. ; 2, a, a suit, legal claim, Cic. ;
b, a i-ight of claim, a right to bring an action ;
cuius sit petitio, Cic.
petitor -5ris, m. (peto), one who strives after
anything. I. a candidate, Hor. II. the plaintiff
in a civil or private suit, Cic
petiturio, 4. (deaider. of peto), to desire to
become a candidate; video hominem valde peti-
turire, Cic.
petitus -fis, m. (peto), an inclining towards,
Lucr.
peto -ivi and -li -itum, 3. (root PET, whence
impet-o, impes, impetus, Gk. IIET, whence
nero-Moi, nimu), to reach towards. I. Gen., A.
Lit., a, with the hand, to grasp; Ilionca petit
dcxtra, Verg. ; b, with a weapon, to fall upon,
attack,, assail, aim at, thrust at ; caput et collum,
Cic ; aliquem telis, Liv. ; c, with the feet or
with other kinds of motion, (a) to make for,
go to, hasten to; Dyrrhachium, Cic; loca cali-
diora, Cic; caelum pennis, to fly to, Ov. ;
transf.; of inanimate objects, mons petit astra,
rears its head towards, Ov. ; (/3) to go to a
person, to approach; ut te supplex peterem,
Verg. ; (y) to take a certain direction, to take a
road ; ahum cursum petere, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
to attack, assail : qui me epistola petivit, Cic ;
aliquem fiaude, Liv. ; 2, to ask, require, claim,
beg, beseech, request, entreat; a, alicuins vitam,
Cic. ; pacem a Komanis, Caes. ; with ut and the
snbj., peto a te ut, etc., Cic. ; with subj. alone,
abs te peto, efflcias ut, etc., Cic ; with ne and
the subj., peto a te ne me putes, etc., Cic'.;
transf., of inanimate objects, quantum res petit,
needs or demands, Cic. ; b, to make a claim at
pet
414
PL a
taw, to bring an action, to sue for: hereditatis
possessionem, Cic. ; o, to sue for, to solicit; (a)
lobecmne a candidate for public office i consulatuin,
Cic; (fi) to woo a maiden; virginern petiere
juvenes, Liv, ; 3, to seek for; a, sedes apibus
HtAttoqae petenda, Verg. ; b, to serf:, strive after,
rndeavottr to obtain; pracdnm pedibus, Ov. ;
sapientiam, Cic; mortem; Cic; with infin.,
Yeig. H. tofetcfc derive} 1, lit., a, to fitch;
i-ibnm e flamma, Ter. ;-b, to fetch, to bring
forth ; gemitus alte de eorde, Ov. ; 2, transf., a
litteris oblivionem, Cic (petit = petiit, Verg.).
petorrltum (petoritum) -i, n. an. open,
four-wheeled (hillic carriage,
1. petra -ae, f. (Tre'rpa), a stone, rock, Plin.
2. Petra -ae, f. (ric'Tpa). I. a town in Arabia
Pttraca, now ruins of Wady Musa. II. a town
•in Sicily. Hence, Petrini -Crum, m. the in-
habitants of Petra.
Petrejus -li, m., M., a Roman general, leg-
ate ofPompey in the Civil War.
Petrlnum -i, n. an estate near Sinucssa in
Campania.
Petrocorli -orum, in. a Gallic tribe in
Aquitania, in modern I'erigord.
Petronlus -li, m., T. (or C.) Arbiter, a
Roman satirist under Nero.
petulans -antis (*petulo, from peto), freak-
ish, capricious, pert, wanton, froward, petulant;
and esp., -wanton, .lustful; liomo, Cic; genus
dicendi, Cic.
petulantcr, adv. (petulans), freakishly,
capriciously, petulantly, frowardly, wantonly;
petulanter viveie, Cic. ; petulantius jactari,
Cic. ; petulantissinie fieivCic.
petulantia -ae, f. (petulans), capriciousness,
fredkishness, wantonness, petulance (opp. pudor,
modest ia), Cic
petulcus -a -rim (peto), butting with the
head ; agni, Lucr. ; haedi, Verg.
PeucStia -ae, f. a dktrict of Apv.lia. Adj.,
PeucetiUS -n -um, Pcucetian.
pexns -a -um(partic of pecto), hairy, fjootty,
having a nap; and hence (of a garment), new,
Hot.
PhaotlS -i, m. (*dicos), 'stronghold of Vic
Macedonian kings, near Pella.
Phaeaces -Scum, m. (fbaiaxes), the Phaea-
rians, mythical inhabitant* of the island afSchcria
(identified with Corcyrn), famed for tlieir pros-
perity.. Sing., Phaeax -acis, m. a Phaeadan ;
pinguis Phaeaxquc, n comfortable, luxurious
person, Hor. Hence, A. Phaeaclus -a -um,
Phaeacian. B. Phaeacis -Idis, f. a poem on
the stay of Ulysses among the Phaeacians.
Phaedon -Onis, m. (QaCSuiv), disciple of
Socrates and friend of Plato, who gave his name
to a dialogue on the immortality of the soul.'
Phaedra -ae, f. (t>aiSpa), daughter of Minos,
lister of Ariadne and wife of Theseus ; site fell in
love with, and was (by a false accusation) the
cause of the death of, her step-son Hippolytns.
Phaedrus -i, in. (^atSpo?). I. an "Epicurean
philosopher at Athens, teacher of Cioero. II. a
disciple of Socrates. III. afreedman of Augustus,
Thracian by birth, author of Latin fables.
Phaostum -i, n. (<J>ou<7rd<;). I. a town on the
south coast of Crete. Hence, PhaestI3.8 -iidis,
f. a dweller in Phaestum. II. a town in Thessaly.
Phaethon -ontis, m. (t>ai0u)i), the sinning
one. L Epithet of Helios, the sun. II. the son
of Helios and Clymene, who, attempting to drive
the chariot of his father, set the world on fire, and
wits tilled by ft thunderbolt of Jupiter. HeuCP,
A. \dj., Phaethonteus -a -um, relating to
Phaethon. B. Subst., Phaethontias -Mis,
f.; plur., Phaethontiades -um, f. the sisters
of Phaethon, who were t timed Into poplars.
Phaethusa -ae, f. (•I'cu'flot/o-a), a sister of
I'haetlom.
phager -gri, in. (cpd-ypos), a fish, Ov.
PbalaeCUS -i, m. (tdAa^os), a tyrant of the
Phocaeans. Hence, adj.,Phalaeceus -a -um,
of Phalaecus.
phalangae (palangae) -arum, f. (<p<;x-
o-yya), rollers on which heavy bodies were moved,
Caes.
phalangitae-anun, m. (ipaXayytrai.), soldiers
belonging to a phalanx, Liv.
Pbalantus -i, m. ('l'dAon-os), a Spartan
who emigrated to Italy and founded Tarentum;
regnata Laconj mra Phalanto, the Tarentine
territory, Hor.
phalanx -angis, L. (4>dAay£). I. Gen., a
closely-serried array of soldiers, Verg. II. Esp.,
a, a division of the Athenian and Spartan army
drawn up in battle array, a phalanx, Nep. ; b,
the Macedonian phalanx, a body of men (from
eight to sixteen thousand strong) drawn up in
a close parallelogram, fifty men abreast and six-
teen, deep; c, transf., the order of battle array
among the Gauls and Germans drawn up in a
parallelogram; phalange facta, in close forma-
tion, Cic.
Phalara -orum, n. (•i>d\apa), a port in Thes-
saly on the Sinus Maliacus, now Stylidha.
Phal&rls -Idis, in. (*I'aAapi's), a tyrant of
Aarigenlum, notorious for his cruelty (v. Peril-
Jus),
Phalasarna -ae, f. GiaXavapra), a town
in Crete. Adj., Fhalasarnous -a -um, of
Phalasarna.
phalerae (falerae) -arum, f. (<f>dAapa). I.
a metal ornament worn on the breast as a mili-
tary decoration, Cic II. a trapping on a horse's
head mid breast, Liv., Verg.
phaleratus -a -urn (phalerae), adorned with
the phalerae ; cqui, Liv.
Phalerum -i, n. (^aA^pdi'), the obhsi port
of Athens, connected with the city by a long wall.
Hence, A. Phalereus -fi and -gos, m. belong-
ing to Phalerum; Demetrius Phalereus, or simply
Phalereus, regent of Athens (about 800 B.C.).
B. PhaleriCUS -a-Um, belonging to Phalerum ;
subst., Phalericus -i, m. (sc. portus), the har-
bour of Phalerum.
Fhanae -Sruin, f. (*ai><u), harbour and pro-
montory in the south of Chios, now Cap Mastico,
the country near which was famous for its wine;
adj., Phanaeus -a -um, Phanean; rex Pha-
naeus, poet, for Phanaean wine (as the king
among wines), Verg.
Phantasos -i, m. (•tovTao-o?' 1 , a son of
Somnus.
Phaon -onis, m. («l>owr), a youth of Lesbos,
beloved by Sappho.
pharetra -ae, f. (^opeVpa), a quiver, Verg.
pharetratus -a -um (phaetra), furnished
With a. quiver, wearing a quiver; Virgo, Diana,
Ov. ; puer, Cupid, Ov.
pharmaceutrla -ae, f. (ifinpnaKevrpia), th*
sorceress (title of Vergil's Eighth Eclogue).
pharmacopola (-es) -ne, m. {i>apy.o.na*
TToiSni), a seller of drugs, a quack, Cic.
Pharaaces -is, m. (^apvaicqi;), king iy\,
Pontus, son of Mithridates, conquered by Caesar,
Pha
41S
phi
S?harsalus (-6s) -i, f. (+apo-aAo?), a town
in Thessaly, near which Pompeius v;us defeated
by Caesar, 4S B.C., now Phatsa. Hence, adj.,
Pharsallcus -a -um and Pharsalius -a
•um, Pliarsalian.
Pharus (-6s) -i, f. (*opos), "n<i isltind off
Alexandria, where. Ptolemy Philadelphia built a
light-house ; adj., Pharius -a -inn, a, relating
to Pharus ; b, Egyptian ; juvenca, Io, Ov. ; turba,
the priests of Isis, Tib. ; conjnx, Cleopatra,
Mart
Phaselis -Mia, f. (<l'a<r>jAts), a town in Lycia,
on the border ofPamphylia. Hence, Pliaselitao
'arum, m. the inhabitants of Phaselis.
phaselus (-03) -i, m. and f. (<f>ao^\oq), 1, cm
edible bean, the kidney-bean, Verg. ; 2, a kind of
light skiff formed of osiers or papyrus, or burnt
and painted clay, Cic.
Phasis -Mia and -Idoa, rn. (1>a<ns), a river in
Colchis, falling into the Black Sea, now Rion or
Rioni. Hence, A. Phasis -Wis, f. adj. Phas-
ian, poet. = Cokhian ; volucres, 'pheasants,
Mart ; subst., Phasis (sc. femina), the Cokhian
woman = Medea, Ov. B. Phasiacus -a -inn
(♦acnaxds), Plwsian, poet. = Cokhian. C.
Phasianus (Fasianus) -a -urn, avis, and
simply Pluisiana, PJin., or Phasianus, Suet., «
pheasant. D. Phasias -adis, f. (*a<nds),
Phusian, poet. = Cokhutn ; puelki, and simply
Phasias, = Medea, Ov. .
phasma -atis, n. (<pa<rnia), a ghost, spectre
(title of a comedy of Meander, and of a poem by
Catullus), Ter.,.Juv. .
phatne -es, f. (ipirKzi), the Crib, a space be-
tween, two stars oftlie constellation CauaCj Cic.
Phegeus -5i and -60s, m. (tfijyeu's), Icing of
Psophis. Hence, A. Adj., Phegeius -a -nni,
belonging to Phegeus. B. Subst.,' PhegJs'-idis,
f. the daughter of Phegeus.
Phemius -ii, m, ($ijfuo«),-ti. celebrated harp-
player in Ithaca; hence, appell.. a good harp-
player, Ov.
Pheneus (-OS) -j, £ (<J>eVeos), a town in Ar-
cadia. Hence, Pheneatae -Srum, m. the. in-
habitants of Pheneos.
phengitcs -ae, m. (fcyylrris), . selenite or
crystallised gypsum (used for window panes),
Suet,
Pherae -arum, f. (*e'poi). I. a town in Mes-
senia, near modern Kalamata. II. a city in
Thessaly, tlie residence of Admetus and of the
tyrant Alexander, now Vulestino ; hence, adj.,
Pheraeus -a -um, Pherean, or Thessalian;
vaccae, of Admetus, Ov. ; gens, a cruel race, like
that of the tyrant Alexander of Pherae, Ov.
Phcreclus -i, m. (tfepeKAoj), a ship-builder
who built the ship in which Paris carried off
Helen. Hence, adj., Pherccleus -a -um, of
Pherechis.
Phereoydes -is, m. (*tptKwS>is). I. «
philosopher of Scyros, teacher of Pythagoras.
Hence, adj., Phereoydeus -a rum, ofPherc-
cydes. II. an Athenian chronicler, flor. 480 B.C.
Pheres -ctis, in. (<j>e'pi]s), prince in Thessaly,
father of Admetus. Hence, Pherotiades -ae,
m. son of Plu res = Admetus.
phiala -ae, f. (cfuaAr)), a drinking-vcssel,
broad at the bottom, boul, saucer, Juv.
Phidias -ae, m. (VuSlas), a celebrated sculp-
tor of Athens, contemporary of Pericles. Hence,
Phidiacus -a -um, of Phidias.
Philadelpheni (Phlladelphlni) -orum,
in. the inhabitants of Philadelphia in A>ia Minor.
Philaeni -Drum, and Or. -on, in. (<i>(kaiuui),
two Carthaginian brothers who submitted to be
buried, alice for the sal*e of their country ; arae
Philaenorum and Philaenon, a port on the bor-
ders of Cy re ne. . . '
Philammon -finis, m. (<i>iAap.fi<<ji'), son of
Apollo and Chioue, a celebrated singer.
Philippl -orum, 111. (4>iAiinroi), a city in Ma-
cedonia, where Octacianus and Antony defeated
brtttus and Cassius, now Filibah or Filibejik ;
hence, adj., A. Philippensis -e. B.Philip-
pious -a -um, relating to Pkilippi. ... ■
PhilippopoliS -«OV f - (*iAunrdjroA4s), a
town in Thrace on the right bank of the Hebrus K
now Philippopoli.
Philippus -i, m. (*t'Aimros). I. the names
of several kings of Macedon, the most celebrated of
whom was the father of Alexander the Great ;
meton., a gold coin coined by Philip, Hor. ;
hence, adj.," A. PhilippeUS -a -um, belong-
ing to Philip; minimus, a gold coin of King
Philip, worth twenty drachmae. B. Philip-
picus -a -um, relating to Philip; orationes,
the speeches of Demosthenes against Philip ; subst.,
Philippioae -arum, f. the speeches of Demo-
sthenes against Philip, and of Cicero against An-
tonius. II. a Roman name, cognomen of the
gens Marcia.
Philistus -i, 111. (♦t'Aiorrbs), a Greek historian,
of Syracuse, imitator of Thucydides.
philitia -orum, ii. (<£iAiTia), the public meals
of the Lacedaemonians, Cic.
Philo -onis, m. (<Pi\u>v). ' I. an academic
philosopher, flourishing at Athens, 91 B.C. II.
a celebrated Athenian architect. '- '
Philocteta (-es) -ae, in. (*l\oktt}T7]s), son
of Poeas, the companion of Hercules, whose boui
and poisoned arrows he received after Hercules'
death ; joined in the expedition against Troy,
but was left behind in the island of Lemnos
wounded by a snake; brought to Troy in the .snth
year of the war (as Troy could not be taken
without his arrows) ; healed by Machaon ; slew
Paris. Adj., Philoctetaeus -a -um, belonging
lo Philocktes. . .1 -
phildlogia -ae, f. (.piAoAoyia), love of learn-
ing, study of letters, Cic.
philologus -i, m. (<piAdAoyos), a learned
man, a student of literature, a scholar, Cic
Philomela -ae, f. (*iAo/i»jAa). I» the daugltter
of Paiulion, king of Athens, turned into a nightin-
gale. II. Meton., a nightingale, Verg. I
Philomelium -li, n. (*iAop.7JAio»/), a small
town in the south-east of Phrygia, not far front
the borders of Lycaonia, now Ak-cher. . . Hence,
Philomelienses -nun, m. the inhabitants of
Philomelium.
Philopoemen ^enis, m. (*ao»roijo)»'),
general of the Achaean League (born 253 b.g).
philosophla -ae, f. (AiAoo-o^ia). I. philo-
sophy, Cic. II. Meton., A. a philosophical sub-
ject, Nep. B. Plur., philosophiae, philosophical
sects or systems, Cic. .
philos6phor, 1. dep. to philosophise, to
apply oneself to philosophy, Cic.
philosophus -a -um ((pcAdo-o<pos), philo-
sophic I. Adj., Cic. II. Subst., A. philo-
sophus -i, in. a philosopher, Cic. B. phil6-
sopha -ae, f. a female philosopher, Cic. *
philtrum -i, n. (ipiArpoi), a' love-potion,
philtre, Ov. •
1. philyra -ae, f. (Sikvp*), the inner bark oj
the linden-tree, of which bands for chxtplets'wert
made, Hor,
Phi
416
Phy
-. Philyra-ae, f. (<i>i'Avpa), a nymph, itaught* r
ofOceanus, and mother of Chiron, changed into a
linden-tree. Hence, A. Phllyreius -a -um,
relating toPhilyra; heros, Chiron, Ov. ; teeta, of
Chiron, Ov. B. Phllyrldeo -ae, in. ton af
Philyra = Chiron, Ov.
phlmus -i, m. (<£ip.<>?), a dice-box, llor.
Phineus -Si and -eos, m. (4>ivevs). I. a Hng
of Sahnydessns in Thrace, who nws deprived of
sight and tormented by the Harpies for having put
his son* to death on a false accusation-. Hence,
A. Phmelus and Phineus -a -nm, of ov
relating to Phineus. B. Phmldes -ae, m. a
■male descendant of Phineus. II. brother of
Ce'pheus, f:\ight with Perseus about Andromeda.
. Phlntia -ae, f. a town in Sicily.
Phiutlas -ae, m. (4>iiTias), a Pythagorean,
famous for his friendship with Damon.
Phlegeth5n -ontis, m. (*Afye'0wr, burning),
a river in the Infernal regions, in which fire
flowed instead of water: adj., Phlegethontis
-I'lis, f. of Phlegethon ; lympha, Ov.
Phlegra -ae, f. (•tAe'ypa — <p\eyvpd, burning),
a district iii Macedonia, crftencards called Pal-
lenc, where the gods were said to have killed the.
giants with lightning. Henee, adj., Phleg-
raeus -a -um, relating to Phlegm ; campi, Ov. ;
transf., campus, the field ofPharsalia (because
of the fierce battle fought there), Prop.
P v legyas -ae, m. (■VXeyvas). I. king of the
Lapithae, father of Irion and Coronis. II. Pltiv.,
Phlegyae -arum, ra. a robber tribe in Thes-
soly.
PhllUS -unfis, f. (<t>\iovi), a city in. the Pelo-
ponnese between Sicyon and Argos. Hence, adj.,
Phliasius -a -um, ofPhlius.
Pbdbetor -oris, in. (♦o/JjJTwp'), a son of Mor-
pheus.
phoca -ae, f. and phoce -es, f. (<J><iKJ)), a
seal, sea-dog, sea-calf, Verg.
Phooaea -ae, f. (*u>Kaia), a sea-]iort in Ionia,
mc'ther-city of MassUta, now Fouges. Hence, A.
Pbocaeenals -e, Phocaean. B. Phooael
•6rum, m. the Phocaeans. C. Phocalous -a
•um, Phocaean.
Phools -Idis and -idos, f. (<PwkU), Phocis,
a district-in the uorth of tlrcece, between Boeotia
and Aetolia. Hence, 1, Phoc&iCUS -a -nm,
Phocian ; 2, Phocenses -Inm. m. the. inhabit-
ants of Pliocis; 3, Phoceus a -um, Phocian;
juvenis Phoceus, or simply Phoceus, the Phocian
= Pylades, son of Straphins, king of Phocis, Ov. ;
4, Phocil -Oram, m. the Phorians.
Fhoous -i, m. (♦iicos), son of Aeacns, brother
of Peleus and Telamon.
Phoebe -es, r. (Golfa). I. a, the sister of
Phoebus, the Moon-goddess, Diana; b, nietnn.,
Night, Ov. II. daughter of LeucippitS. III.
daughter of Leda and sister of Helena.
Phoeblgena -ac, m. (Phoebus and geno =
gigno), the son of Phoebus, Aesculapius, Verg.
PhoebllB -i, m. (*or/3oi), Apollo, the Snv-
god ; poet. — sun ; fugat astra Phoebns, Hor. ;
and = quarter of the lieavens; sub ntroque
Phocbo, in the cost* and west, Ov. Hence, A.
Phoebas -Sdis, f. (tt'otjSa?), ;H-iV.«/f.ss of Phoebus,
a prophetess. B. Pnoebeius -a -um and
PhoebeUS -a -um (<t>otpVos, 'I'oipelo?), of
Phoebus; juvenis, Aesculapius, Ov. ; ales, the
raven, Ov. ; virgo, Daphne, and poet.= laurel
crown, Ov.
Phoenice, v. Phoenice::.
Phoenices -um, m. (*oiVi<c«).- the Phoe-
nicians, InhubiUlnts of the district (if Phoenicia,
famous for their skill in navigation and com-
merce, founders of scleral colonies, Carthage,
Hippo, etc. Hence, A. Phoenice -es, f. and
Phoenica -ae, f. (<t>oir<>r)), Phoenicia, a small
strip of the coast of Syria, with the chief towns
Tyre and Sidon. B. Phoenissa -ae, f. (*oi-
i'i<r<rn), Phoenician ; exsul, Anna, sister of Dido.
Ov.
phoeniccpteros -i, in. (^oniKoTrifpo?). the
flamingo, Juv.
Phoenix -Icis, m. (*ouif). I. son ofAmyntor,
companion of Achilles at the. Trojan War. II. a
fabulcrus bird of Arabia, saiil to lire. 500 years,
and then to be burnt to death ; from the ashes of
the dying bird a uew phoenix was said to spring.
Pbolfie -es, f. (<i>oA6t)), a woody mountain in
Arcadia, on the border of Elis, now Olona.
PholUS -i, m. (<t-dAo?), a centaur.
■ Phorous -i, in. (^6p<o?), Phorcys -cyis,
m. QVopKvt), and Phorcyn -cjnis, m. ('t>op«i'c).
a sea-god, son of Neptune, father of Medusa and.
her sisters. Hence, A. Phorcis -Idos, f.
daughter of Phorcys; Sorores Phorcides = Graeae,
Ov. B. PhorcyniS -idis, f. the daughter of
Phorcus, Medusa.
Phoroneus -Si and -eos, m. (4>opu»*ei;s), king
of Argos, son of Inachus, brother of lo. Hence,
Phoronis -Idis, f. = lo, Ov.
Phraates (Phrahates) -is, m. name of
several Parthian kings.
phrenctlCUS -a -um (^pei'rjTiicdc) and
phreniticus -a -um (<£pei'mKds), mad, frantic,
(Jic.
Phrixus -i, m. ('I'pt'los), son of Athamas and
Nephele, brother of Helle, with whom he. fled' to
Colchis on a ram with a golden fleece. Hence,
adj., Phrixeus -a -um, belonging to Phrixus;
stagna sororis Phrixeae, the Hellespont, Ov.
Phr^ges -um, m. (*pvy«), tne Phrygians,
the inhabitants of Phrygia, famous for their em-
broidery, but despised for their sloth and stupidity.
Sing., Phryx -ygis, aaj.= Phrygian; snbst.. a
Phrygian; esp., a,= Aeneas, Ov. ; b,= a priest
of Cybele, Prop. Hence, A. Phrygia -ae, f.
the country of Phrygia, in Asia Minor. B.
Phryglus -a -um (*pi'-yio?), Phrygian, and
peet.= Trajan; maritus, Aeneas, Ov., Pelops,
Prop. ; pastor, Paris, Verg. ; tyrannus, Aeneas,
Verg., Ov., Laomedon, Ov.; mater, Cybele , Verg. ;
restes, embroidered, Verg.; buxnm, the Phrygian,
flute, Ov. ; lapis, Phrygian marble, Ov.
1. Phryx -Jgis, m. (*pi ; f), a river in Lydia,
now Ocletschak-Sv-.
•2. Phryx, v. rin-yges.
PhryxeUS, V. Phrixus.
Phthia -ae, f. (*fli'a), a tmvn in Thessoly,
birth-place of Achilles. Hence, A. Phthlfi.8
"uii^, f. (*8ia5), re woman of Phthia. B.
Phthiotes -ae, m. ('J'fliw'n)?), an inhabitant of
Phthia. C. PhthlotlS -idis, f. (<l'eiw T t<;),
Phlhiotis, the district of 1'hessaly in which Phthia
is. D. Phthioticus -a -nm (<i>9iu)tik6s),
ineton. = Thessalian. E. Phthius -i, m.
(<PQ~io<;), belonging to Phthia; rex, Peleus, Ov. ;
ineton. = Thessalian, Liv.
Phylace -es, f. (•VvXaK^). I. a city in,
Thessoly, where Protesilans reigned. Hence, A.
Phylacefo -Idis, f. belonging to Phylace ;
matres, Thessalian, Ov. B. Phylacelus
-a -um ; conjux, Laodamia, Ov. II. a town in
M''!ossis in Epirus.
Fhylacus -i, m. (*uAo«os). I. founder oj
Phylace. II. grandfather of Protesilmts. Hence,
Phy
417
Pil
Phylacides -ae, ra. (<pv\aKi&rii), n descendant
of Phylacus = Protesilaus, Ov.
phylarchus -i, ui. (</>ii\apxo?)i Me ''"'^ °f a
tribe, an emir ;. Arabuin, Cic.
Phyllos -i, f. (*vAAo5), town in Thessaliotis.
Hence. Phylleius -a -um (<t>uAAiji'os), poet. =
Thessalian ; juvenis, Caenens, Ov.
physica -ae, f. ami physlce -es, f. (ipvcmcq),
physics, natural science, Cic
physice, adv. in the manner of tlie 'natural
philosophers ; dicere, C:c
physicus -a -um, relating to phyiics or
natural philosophy, physical. A. Adj., ratio,
Cic. B. Subst., l, ptiysicus -i, m. a natural
philosopher, Cic; 2, phyaicaorum, 11. natural
philosophy, physics, Cic
physiognoinon -6nis, m. (<j>vo-ioyi-u>nu>v), a
physiognomist, one who fudges men's characters by
their features, Cic.
pliysiologia -ae, f. ((putnoAoyia), natural
philosophy, Cic.
piabilis -e (pio), expiable, that can be atoned
for ; fulinen, Ov.
piacularis-e(i'iacuhini), atoning, expiating;
sacritlcia, and subst., piacularia -iuni, d.
expiatory sacrifices, Liv.
placulum -i, 11. (pio). I. any means of
expiating sin or appeasing a deity. A. an expia-
tory sacrifice, a sin-offering, Cic; porco femina
piaculum pati, Cic. ; transf., ut luendis periculis
publicis piaoula simus, Liv. ; hence, any means
of healing, remedy, Hor. B. punishment;
gravia piacula exigere, Liv, II. that which
renders an offering necessary, a sin, crime, evil
deed ; piaciilum cominittere, Liv.
piameu -inis, n. (pio), a means of atonement
or expiation, Ov.
pica -ae, f. a pie, magpie, Ov.
picaria -ae, f. (pix), a place where pitch is
made, a pitch-hut, Cic
picea -ae, f. (pix), the pitch-pine (pinna
silvestris, Linn.), verg.
Ploenum -i, n. a district in the east of Italy
on the Adriatic, famed for its oil. Hence, A.
Picens -entis, belonging to Picenum ; Picen-
tes -lam, m. the people of Picenum. B.
Piccnus -a -inn, belonging to Picenum.
piccus -a -um (pix), pitchy, pitch-black;
cafigo, Verg.
pico, 1. (pix), to pitch, smear, cover with
pitch ; cadus picatua, Verg.
Piotones -um, in. a people in Gallia Aq-.dt-
ania, whence Poiton.
1. piotor -oris, in. (pingo), a painter, Cic.
2. Pictor -oris, in. a surname in the gins
Facta, v. Fnbius.
pictura -ae, f. (pingo). I. A. Lit., paint-
ing, the art of painting ; ars ratioque pictume
Cic. B. Meton., a painting, picture; pictura
textilis, embroidery, Cic II. Fig., a painting
tit words, picture, description, Cic.
picturatUS -a -um (pictura), painted; vestee,
embroidered, Verg.
pictus -a -um, p. adj. (from pingo). I. Of
style, ornamental, ornate, artistic; genus orati-
onis, Cic. II. unreal, vain; metus, Prop.
1. picus -i, m. a woodpecker, Ov.
2. Picus -i, m. (riiKo?), an Italian deity, hus-
band ofCanens, father of Faunus ; according to a
later legend, changed by Circe into a woodpecker.
pie, adv. (pius), piously, dutifully (opp.
scelerate), Cic.
Pieria -ae, f. (riupi'a), a district of Macedonia
on the coast.
Piorus (-6b) -i, in. (m'tpoi). I. king oj
Emathia, who gave his nine daughters the name
of the nine Muses. II. Macedonian, father of
the nine Muses. Hence, A. Pifiris -Idls, f.
(niepc?), (i. Muse. Plur., Pierides, the Muses.
B. Pierius -a -um, Pierian ; subst, Pieriae,
the Muses, Cic; hence, poet., via, the study 0}
poetry, Ov.; modi, poems, Hor.
pietas -litis, f. (pius), dutifulness. I. Lit.,
a, towards the gods, piety; est pietas justitia
ad versus deos, Cic. ; b, dutifulness toward;
parents, native country, benefactors ; filial piety,
gratitude, patriotism ; quid est pietas nisi vol-
untas grata in parentes ? Cic; in patrem patri-
amque, Liv. ; c, justice, equity, Verg. ; d, kind-
ness, compassion, Verg. II. Pietas, personif.
as a goddess with two temples in Pome.
piger -gin -grain (root PIG, whence piget),
disinclined, unwilling, lazy, slothful. I. Lit.,
serpens frigore pigra, Ov. ; with in and the abl.,
in labore inilitari, Cic; with ad and the ace,
gens pigerrima ail militaria opera, Liv. ; with
genit, militiae, Hor. ;*with intin., l'erre laboreni
scribendi. II. Transf., A. inactive, slow; bellum,
tedious, Ov.; campus, unfruitful, Hor.; pectorn,
insensible, Ov. B. Of waters, flowing slowly,
sluggish, stagnant; pains, Ov.
piget -guit -gltiini est, 2. impers. I. Lit, it
causes annoyance, it disgusts; with ace of pers.
and genit. of thing, me pigeat stultitiae meae,
Cic; with intin., referre piget, Liv.; absol.,
orntione niultitudo inducitur ad pigendum, Cic.
II. Transf., 1, it repents: ilia me composuisse
piget, / rc/ient that I, etc, Ov. ; 2, it causes
shame; with intin., fateri pigebat, Liv.
pigmental ius -ii, in. (pigmentuni), a seller
of paints and. unguents, Cic.
pigmentum -i, 11. (pingo), a paint, colour,
pigment. I. Lit., aspersa temere pigmenta in
tabula, Cic. II. Transf., of discourse, orna-
ment, decoration ; pigmenta Aristotelia, Cic.
pignero, 1. (pignus), to give as a pledge, put
in pledge, mortgage; bona, Liv.; transf., quum
velut obsidibus datis pigneratos haberent
animes, Liv.
pignoror, 1. dep. (pignus). I. to take in
pledge, appropriate as ones own; Mars fortis-
siinuni quemque pignerari solet, Cic. II. to
accept as a pledge of certainty; quod das mihi
pigneror omen, / fate as " pledge of the fulfilment
of my prayer, Ov.
pignus -noris and -nJHs, 11. (root PAG,
pango, perf. pe-pig-i), a pledge, pawn, security.
I. Lit., A. Gen., se pignori opponere, Plant. ;
rem alicuius pignori accipere, Tac. ; esp., a
security to enforce attendance of senators in the
senate; senatores pignoribns COgere, <.'ic. B.
Esp., 1, a wager, bet, stake ; pignoic reitaiv cilia
aliquo, Verg.; 2, a pledge of lore, used of children
'and parents; pignora conjugum ae liberornni,
! Liv. II. Pig., <i pledge, token, assurance, proof;
voluntatis, injuriae, Cic. ^
pfgritia -ae, f. and pigrities -ci, f. (piger),
sluggishness, sloth, indolence, Cic. ; inilitandi,
Liv-I a<i sequendum, Liv.
pigro, 1. (piger), to be sluggish, slothful, lazy,
Lucr.
pigror, 1. dep. (piger), to be slow, sluggish;
with iulin., scribcrc ne. pigrere, Cic.
1. pila -ae, f. (forpisula, from piso), a mortar,
Ov.
2. pila -ae, f. (for pigula, from pango),
pillar; nulla meosnabeat pila libellos = a book-
stall, books being sold in Rome round pillars 01
H
pil
41S
■m?
building!), Hor. ; collect., saxca pila, n pier or
mole in. the sen, \ org.
:!. pila -ae, f. a ball. I. T^it. , a ball to play
with: pilS ludere, Cic. ; prov., elaudus pilam,
one !/7io cannot make a rigid use 0/ a thing, Cic. ;
meton., a o/«m<? of 6aZJ; quautnm alii tribuunt
alvcolo, quantum pilae, Cic. II. Transf., any
hall or sphere-shaped substance, a baUoting-ball,
Prop.
pilanus -i, m. (pilum) = triarius (q.v.).
pilatus -a -mn (pilam), armed with the pilum
or javelin, Verg.
pileatus -a -nm (pileus), imaring the pilous
or felt cap ; fratres, Castor and Pollux, Cat. ;
pileati epnlati sunt, Li v. ; used of freedmen
(slaves at their emancipation receiving the
pileus), coloni, Li v. ; rex, Liv.
pilentum -i, n. a carriage, coach, esp. used
by Roman ladies, Liv.
pileolus -i, m. and pileolum -i, n. (dim.
of pileus), a little cap, skull-cap, Hor.
pileus -i, m. and pileum -i, n. (mAos), a
felt cap, fitting close to the. head, worn at feasts,
especially the Saturnalia, and by slaves in token
of manumission, Liv. ; servos ad pileos vooare,
to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv.
pllo, 1. (1. pilus), to'deprive of hair, make
laid, Mart.
pildsus -a -um (1. pilus), covered with hair,
hairy ; genae, Cic.
pilum -i, n. (piso, pinso), 1, a pestle, Plin. ;
2, the short pake or javelin of the Roman infantry,
•used as a missile, Cic, Liv. ; pila Horatia, a
place in Jiome on the forum, Liv.
Pilumnus -i, m. husband of Danae, father of
Dattnus, ancestor ofTurmis.
1. pilus -i, 111. a single hair ; mnnitae sunt
palpebrae vallo pilorum, Cic. ; Hg., a trifle
(usually with a negative); ego no pilo quidem
minus me amabo, not a hair less, cic. ; noil focit
pili cohortem, Cat.
2. pilus -i, 111. '(pilum). I. a maniple of the
triarii 111 the Roman army; primi pili centurio,
Caes. ; aliquein ad prinium pilum transducere,
to promote to be chief centurion, Caes. ; primuin
pilum (.hicere, tobe the centurion of the first maniple
of the triarii, Caes. II. Meton. = Mc centurion of
the triarii; primus pilus, the centurion of the first
maniple of the triarii (the, tiist of the sixty
centurions of the legion), Liv.
Pimpla -:u>, f. (IIi'/xttAo), a place in Pieria,
with a mountain and spring, sacred to the Muses.
Hence, A. Pimplcis (Pipleis) -idis, f. a
Muse, (lor. B. PimpleUS -a -um, sacred to
the Mines ; nioiis, Cut. Bubst., Pimplea -ae, f.
a M use, Hor.
pina = 2. pinna (q.v.).
Pinarius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens.
The Pinarii and Potitii were the priests of Her-
cules at Rome.
Pindarus -i, in. (IFiVSapo;), a celebrated lyric
poet of Thebes in. Boeotia, contemporary with
Aeschylus. .Adj., Pindaricus a -um, of Pin-
dar, Pindaric
PlndenisSUS -i, f. (TTirifVio-o-oO, a town in.
Sicily; hence, Pindenissitae -arum, m. the
inhabitants of Pindenissus.
Plndus -i, m. (riiYSos), a mountain in Thes-
saly, now Mes:ara.
pinetum -i, n. (pinus), a pine-wood, Ov.
pineus -a -um (pinus), made of pine-vjood or
deal ; claustra, the wooden horse of Troy, Verg. ;
pl.iga, places where pines grow, Verg.; pineus
ardor, afire of pint-wood, Verg.
pingo, pihxi, pictum, 3. to paint. I, Lit.,
A. 1, to paint ; honiinis specieni, Cic. ; 2, esp.,
to embroider, with or without acu, Cic; toga
picta, the embroidered robe, of the triumphing
general, Liv.; picti reges, clad, in embroidered
garments, Mart. E. Transf., 1, to stain, dye,
colour; frontem moris, Verg.; 2, to decorate,
adorn ; bibliothoeam, Cic. II. Fig., of speech,
to embellish, depict eloquently ; Britanniam
pingara coloribus tnis penicillo meo, Cic.
pinguesco, :!. (pinguis), to become fat, grow
fertile; sanguine pingnescere eampos, Verg.
pinguis -e(m<av),fat, I. Lit., a, of animals,
Thebani, Cic. ; pingnior agnus, Plant. Subst.,
pingue -is, 11. fatness, fat, Verg. ; b, of
Ihings, meruin or vinum, oily, Hor.; ara,
covrrcti with fat of victims, Verg. : of soil, rich ;
pingnior campus, Hor. II. Transf., 1, lie-
smeared; crura Into, ,Tuv. ; 2, thick, gross;
caelum, air, Cic; 3, without understanding,
hcari/, stupid; ingcniuni, Ov. ; 4, of speech,
bombastic; poetac pingue quiddam i te*,
Cic; 5, ijuiet, undisturbed; somnu.i, Uv. ;
amor, Ov.
pinifer -/era -ferum (pinus and fero), pro-
during pines, Verg.
piniger -gSra -gfimm (pinus and gero), pro-
ducing pities, Ov.
1. pinna -ac, f. (another form of penna), a
feather. I. A. Lit., a feather, and plnr., feathers,
esp., the feathers in the wings and jail, 'lac. B.
Melon., 1,= the wing; praepetibus pennis, Cic;
prov., alicui incidere pinnas, Cic; 2, poet.=
flight, Ov. ; 3, an arrow, Ov. II. Transf, I,
the fin of a fish, OV.J 2, the battlement along the
top of a loall, Caes.
2. pinna (pina) -ae, f. (rnVra), a species nf
mussel, Cic.
pinnatus -a -um (pinna), feathered, winged,
Cic.
pinniger -gSra -gSruin (pinna and gero),
having Jeathers, feathered, winged, Lucr.; transf.,
piscis, having fins, Ov.
pinnirapus -i, m. (pinna and rapio), a
gladiator who fought against a Samnite having a
peak to his helmet, Jtiv.
pinmila -ae, f. (dim. of pinna), lit., a small
feather; plur., meton., small wings, Cic.
piuoteres (pinotheras) -ae, ni.(mi'OTijpr)?),
the pinna-guard, a small crab found in the shell
of the pinna.
pinso, pinsi and pinsui, pinsum, pinsitnm,
pistlim and pisum 3. (root PIS, whence piso, Ok.
TTiVcw, ■mio-aui), to stamp, pound, crush, Plant.
pinus -i and -us, f. (for pic-nus from pix,
Eicis), the pi ne, fir (pinus silvestris, Linn.). A.
it., Verg. B. Meton. = something made, of
pine-wood; a, a ship, Verg.; b, a torch, Verg. ;
C, a garland of pine-leaves, Ov.
pio, 1. (pins). I. to seek, to appease by mi
offering, to appease, propitiate; Silvanum lncte,
Hor. II. Transf., A. to pay religious honours
to, venerate, Prop. B. to cleanse, purify, Cic
C. to make good, atone for ; dainna, Ov.; fulmon,
to avert the misfortune portended by lightning,
Ov. ; ncfas triste, Verg. ; culpam morte, Verg.
piper, piperis, n. (n-eVepi), pepper, Hor.
pipilo, 1. to twitter, chirp, Cat.
pipulus -i, m. and pipultim -i, n. a chirp-
ing ; hence, an out-cry, upbraiding, Plant.
Piraeeus -e.i, m. (neipatefc), and Piraeus
-i, m. the Piraeus, a. port of Athens, connected,
with, the city by long walls; poet, form in neut.
nlnr., Piraea tuts, Ov. Adj., Piraeus -a -um,
belonging to Hie PiroiUS.
plr
419
Pla
pirata -ae, in. (n-eipanis), a pirate, corsair,
Cic
piraticus -a -urn (impa-ruco?), piratical;
myoparo, Cic ; subst., piratica -ae, f. piracy ;
piraticain facere, Cic.
Pirene -t?.s, f. (Ileip>jr>|), a spriiip in Corinth,
sarred to the Muses. Jlence, Pirems -Wis, f.
(Iletpijris), Pirenutn; Pirenis Ephyre, Coriiiffi,
Ov.
Pirithous -i, m. (rTeipi'Soo?), son of lanon,
kir.a of the Lapitluxe, husband of llippodumia,
friend of Theseus, with whom he went down to the
lower world to carry off Proserpina.-
plrum -i, li. a pear, Yerg.
pirus -i, f. a pear-tree, Verg.
Pirustae -arum, in. (ITipoucrflui), an Illyrian
robber-tribe.
Pisa -ae, f. (rhVa), and Pisae -arum, f. I.
a town in Klis on the river Alpheus, where tltc
Olympian games were held. Hence, Pisaeus
-a -urn, Pisaean; Arethusa, because she .came
originally from Elis, Ov. ; liasta, of Oenomaus,
Ov. ; subst., Pisaea -ae, f. = Hippodamia, Ov.
II. Pisae -arum, f. a town in Ktruria, famous
for its baths (now Pisa), said to be a colony
of Pisa, in Elis. Hence, Pisanus -a -nni,
Pisan.
Pisandrus (-6s) -i, m. (Tieio-avSpo^), son of
Polyctor, one of the suitors of Penelope.
Plsaurum -i, n. a town in Umbria, now
Pesaro. Hence, adj., Pisaurensis -e, Pi-
saurian.
Pisaurus -i, in. a, river in Umbria, near
Pisaurum, now Foglia.
piscariUS -a -nni (niseis), of or belonging to
fish ; forum, the fish-market, Plant.
piscator -oris, in. (piscov), a fisherman,
angler, Cic.
piscatdrius -a -inn (piscator), of or relating
to fishermen ami fishing ; navis, a fishing-smack,
Caes. ; foniin, fish-market, Liv.
piscatus -us, in. (piscor). I. a fishing,
catching of fish, Cic. II. Meton., fish, Plant.
pisciculus -i, ra. (dim. of piscis), a little
fish, Cic.
piscina -ae, f. (piscis). I. a tank for keeping
fish, fish-pond ; mullos exceptave de piscina, Cic.
II. Trans!'., 1, a tank for bathing, swimming-
bath, Plin. ; 2, '( reservoir, Plin.
piscinarius -li, in. (piscina), one fond of
fish-ponds, Cic.
piscis -is, in. a fish. I. Lit., pisoes capere,
Cic; sing., used collectively, Ov. II. Transf.,
Pisces, the sign of the zodiac so rolled, Ov. ; pisces
geinini or gondii, Ov. ; piscis aquosus, Verg.
piscor, 1. dep. (piscis), to fish; ante hortnloa
alicuius, Cic.
piscosus -a -um (piscis), abounding in fish;
ainnis, Ov.
pisculcntus = piscosus (q.Y.).
Pisida -ae, in. (IIio-i'St)?), a Pisidiun ■ ; plur.,
Pisidae, the I'isidians, inhabitants of Pisidia.
Hence, Pisidia -ae, f. (iiio-tSt'a), a district in
Asia Minor bordering on lite east on Cilicia, on
the north and west on Phrygia, Caria, and Lycia,
o» the south on Pamphylia.
PisiStratus -i, m. (Iiei<rurTpaTos), tyrant at
Athens, contemporary ofServius Tullius. Hence,
Pisistratidac -arum, m. (lUKT^ipariSai), the
sons of Pisistratus.
1. piso, v. pinso.
2. Piso -onis, in. u surname in the gens Cal-
yunti'u, v. Calpurnius.
pistilluni -i, n. or pistillus -i, m. (pinso),
a pestle, Plant.
pistor -oris, in. (pinso). I. a grinder, miller,
Plant. II. a baker, Cic; Pistor, surname of
Jupiter.
Pistor iura -li, n. a town in Etrurin, now
ristoja. Hence, Pistoriensis -e, relating to
Pistorium.
pistrilla -ae, f. (dim. of plstriua), a small
murtar or mill, Ter.
pistrina -ae, f. (pinso), « bakehouse, Plin.
pistrinum -i, n. (pinso), <r mill (usually
worked by horses and asses, though sometimes
by slaves as a punishment); homo pistrino
dignus, Ter. ; transf., tibi mecum in eodein est
pistrino vivendum, in the same drudgery, Cic.
pistris = pristis (q.v.).
pisum -i, n. (iri'croi'), the pea, pease, Plin.
Pitane -es, f. (Iln-di-i)), a town in Asia
Mi nor, now Sandurlik.
Pithecusa -ae, f. and Pithccusae -arum,
f. (Ui.dqKOv<ra, Iliflj/icoCtrai), an island in the
Tyrrhene Sea, near Ciuuae, now Ischia.
Pittacus (-6s) -i, m. (riiTTaKos), a philo-
sopher of Mitylene, one of the Seven Jl'i'se Men.
Pittheus -Ji and -Cos, m. (Tlii-fit-us), king in
Troezen, father of Aethra, who was the wife of
Aegeus and mother of Theseus. Hence, A.
Pitthcis -idos, f. (niT0T)i's), « daughter of
Pittheus — Aethra, Ov. B. PittheiUS and
PittheUS -a -um, belonging to Pittheus.
pituita -ae, f. phlegm, rheum; quum pituita
reuundat, Cic
pituitOSUS -a -uui (pituita), full of phlegm ;
homo, Cic.
pitysma = pytisma (q.v.).
pius -a -um (superl. piissimus, condemned
by Cicero). I. acting dutifully, dutiful, pious;
a, upright, God-fearing, virtuous; homo, Cic;
pii, " the blessed dead," Cic. ; transf., of things or '
actions, -upright; pax, Cic; subst., justum
piumque, justice and equity, Ov. ; piuin est, with
infin., Ov. ; b, affect iantde towards one's parents,
benefactors, relations, native country, etc, grate-
ful, patriotic, obedient; in parentes, Cic; ad-
versua sororem, Liv. II. Esp. (like <£t'Aoi),
kind, gentle ; pia testa (of wine), Hor.
pix, picis, f. (iriWa), pitch ; aliquid pice
linere, Liv.
placabilis -e (placo), easy to be appeased,
easy of propitiation, placable; homines, Cic;
witli ad and the ace, placabile ad justas pieces
ingenium, Liv. ; poet., transf., ara Dianae,
Verg.
placabilitas-atis, f. (placabilis), placability,
Cic
placameil -Inis, n. (placo), a means of ap-
peasing, propitiating ; placamina irae, Liv.
placamentum -i, n. (placo), a means of
appeasing, Tac
placate, adv. (placatus), calmly, composedly;
omnia huinaiia placate et moderate ferre, Cic.
placatlO -onis, f. (placo), a soothing, ap-
peasing, propitiating ; deoruni, Cic.
placatus -a -um, p. adj. (from placo). I.
soothed, appeased, placable ; placatiore eo et sua
et regis spe inveuto, Liv. II. calm, gentle,
quiet; vita, Cic; quies placatissima, Cic;
transf., maie, Verg.
placenta -ae, f. (n-AaxoOj), a cake, Hor.
Placentia -ae, f. a town in Gallia Cisjxidana,
now Piacema. Hence, Placentinus -a -um,
Placentine.
pia
420
pla
pladeo -Hi -Hum, 2. (root. PLAC, of. placo),
to please, be agreeable, acceptable to. I. Gen., a,
of persons, velle placere alicui, Cic ; placere
sibi, to please, be satisfied with oneself, Cic. ;
middle perf., placitus sum, / am pleased, Ov. ;
b, of tilings, placet hoc tibi ? does this please
yourCi'.; foil, by quod, sibi noil placere quod
tarn cupide elaborasset, Nep. II. Eap,, A. Of
actors and artists, to please, to win applause;
admodum placere in tragoediis, Cic. B. placet,
with or without dat. of pcrs., it pleases, it seems
good, it h the opinion of, I hold ; a, ut doct-
issimis placuit, Cic; with ut and the subj., his
placuit ut tu in Cumanum venires, Cic; with
lufin., nee mihi ipsi placebatdiutiusabesse.Cic;
with ace and inun., placet Stoicis homines
hominum causa esse generatos, Cic. ; as a par-
enthesis, si placet, Cic. ; si diis placet, Liv. ; b,
as legal 1. t., to seem good, resolve, order, com-
mand; with ut and the subj., senatui placere
ut, etc., Cic; with ace. and inlin., suggestuui
adornari placuit, Liv.
placlde, adv. (placidus), quietly, gently, com-
posedly, placidly ; ferre dolorem, Cic.
placidus -a -um (placeo), quiet, still, placid,
gentle ; redder* aliquem placidum, Cic. ; senatus,
Cic ; amnis, Ov. ; plack'ior civitas, Liv. ; placid -
issima pax, Cic.
plaoitum, v. placitus.
placitus -a -um, p. adj. (from placeo). I.
Adj., pleasing, pleasant, agreeable ; amor, Very.;
locus, Sail. II. Subst., placltum -i, n. A.
that which pleases one; ultra placitum, more
than is agreeable, Verg. B, opinion, teaching;
placita majorum, Tac.
placo, 1. (causat. of placeo, as sedo of sedeo,
connected with pla-nus), to soothe, am tase, calm.
1. Lit., aequora tniuida, Verg. II. Transf., /"
assuage, rerun cile, appease; an i mum, animus, Cic. ;
aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem alicui, Cic : homo sibi
ipse placitus, of a quiet mind, Cic; transf.,
ventrem, Hor.
1. plaga -ae, f. (n-A>)yi), a bloic, stroke. I.
Gen., Cic. ; plagam ferre, Verg. II. Esp., a
stroke that wounds, and meton. = the wound it-
self; plagam accipere, Cic ; infiigere, imponere,
Cic. ; fig., oratio parem plagam facit, Cic. ; levior
est plaga ab amico, Cic.
» 2. plaga -ae, f. (root PLAC, whence plac-
entuin, Gr. 1TAAK, »Adf), a. fiat surface. I. a
net for hunting boars and. similar animals; 1,
lit., plagas tendere, Cic ; in plagam cadere, Ov. ;
2, fig., a vet, snare, toil ; quas plagas ipsi contra
se Stoici texueinnt, Cic. ; Antoniuui conjeci in
Octaviani plagas, Cic. II. a district, zone, tract,
region; caeli, Cic; aetheria, the air, Verg.;
quatuor plagae, the. four zones, Verg.
plagiavius -ii, m. a man-stealer, kidnapper,
Cic; hence, in jest, a literary thief, plagiarist,
Mart.
plagosus -a -um (1. plaga), fond of flogging ;
Orbilius, Hor.
plagula -ae, f. (dim. of 2. plaga), a curtain,
bed-curtain, Liv.
Flanasia -ae, f. (TWavao-ia), an island south
of Elba in. the. Ligurian Sea, now J'ianosa, place
of banishment under the emperors.
Flancius -a -um, name of a Human gens, the
most celebrated member of which wat( n. Plancius,
whom Cicero defended when tried foi in ibery.
planctus -us, m. (plango), a loud noise as
if beating, esp., beating the breast, wailing,
lamentation ; planctus et lameiita, Tac.
Plancus -i, m. (= xAaTi''7rov5, broad-footed), a
family of the gens Munatin.
plane, adv. (planus). I. plainly, simply,
intelligibly; loqui, Cic; planlus dieeiv, Cli'. ;
planiBsime explicare, Cic. II. wholly, entirely,
quite, thoroughly ; plane eruditus, Cic; si plane
occidimus, Cic ; ]>lane nihil sapit, Cic
plango, planxi, planctum, 3. (root PLAC,
Gk. IIAAT, whence ttAi'icto-u), to beat, strike with
a loud notice. I. tympana palmis, Cat. ; litom
planguntur fiuctn, Ov. II. Esp., to strike the
breast, head, etc., as a sign nf grief ; pectora, < >v. ;
femur, Ov.; lacertos, Ov. H. Transf., as K07rr-
eo-floi, rcll. plangere, middle plangi, la bewail
loudly; planguntur inntrcs, Ov. ; agmina plau-
gentia, Verg.
plangor -oris, m. (plango), a striking or
beating accompanied by noise. I. Gen.,Ov. II.
Esp., the beating of the head and breast in token <;t
grief, loud lamentation ; plnngore et lamenta-
tione implere, complete forum, Cic. ; plangorem
dare, Ov.
plangunciila -ae, f. (dim. < >f irhayyur), a
wax doll, Cic.
planipes -peclis, m. (planus and pes), a
mime who played the part of slaves, etc., and >■ ore
no shoes, Juv.
planitas -iitis, f. (planus), plainness, dis-
tinctness, Tac.
planltia -ae, f. and planities -fi, f.
(planus), level surface, a plain, Cic.
planta -ae, f. I. agreen twig, cutting, graft ;
a, of the vine, Cic. ; of trees, Verg. ; b, <i
Slip for transplanting, Ov. II. the sole of tlie
foot, with or without pedis, Verg.
plantarla -luill, n. (planta), young trees,
slips, Verg.
1. planus -a -um (root Pi, A, whence placo),
lere.l,fiat. I. Lit., Incus, Cic. ; Ilium, thick, Ov.
Subst., planum -i, ll. a plain, lerel ground,
Sail., Liv. ; tig., via vitae plana et stabilis, Cic. ;
de piano, easily, without trouble, Lucr. II.
Transf., plain, clear, intelligible; mil-ratio, Cic. ;
planum facere, to explain; loll, by ace and
infiu., Cic.
2. planus -i, in. (n-Aoro?), a vagrant, juggler,
charlatan, Cic.
Plataeae -arum, f. (HAaTaiai')> a town in
Uoeotia, famed for a victory of the Greeks over
the Persians (47'J B.C.), now Palaeo • Castro.
Hence, Plataeenses -lum, in. the inhabitants
of 1'lataea.
platalea -ae, f. a water-bird, the spoonbill,
Cic.
platanus -i, f. (n-AdTaros), the plane-tree,
Cic; caelebs, im! used to train the vine on (lika
the elm), Hor.
platea -ae, f. (nXareia), a street, Caes.
Plato (-on) -onis, m. (HAd-rior). I. a celc-
bra led Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates,
founder of the Academic philosophy. Hence,
Platonicus -a -um, Platonic ; homo, transf. —
a deep thinker, Cic Plnr. subst., Platdnici
-orum, in. the Platonists, Cic. II. an Epicwrea
nf Sard is. living at Athens, in 59 B.a
plaudo (plodo), plausi (plosi), plausum
(nlosum), S. I. Intransit., to clap, strike, beat.
A. Gen., alis, Verg. ; pennis, Ov, ; rostro, Ov.
B. Esp., to chip the hands in token of applause;
a. lit., inanus in plaudendo eonsumere, Cic;
iuipcrs., huic ita plausum est ut, etc, Cic. ; esp.
in the theatre, plaudite (said at the end of a
piece), Hor. ; b, transf., to give signs of approval,
applaud, to approve; ingeniis sepultis, Hor.;
diis hominibusque planaentibus, Cic. ; hence
plur., sibi, Hor. II. Transit., A. to bent, chip ;
pectora manu, Ov. ; plausa colla equornm,
Verg. ; pedibus choreas, to dance, stamping with
pla
•12 J
plo
tht feet, Verg. B. to strike together; plausis
hIU, u.-.
plnusibilTs -e (plaudo), worthy of applause ,
Cic.
plausor -oris, iu. (plaudo), aw applauder at
the theatre, Hor.
plaustrum (plostrum) -i, n. I. a wagon,
cart; oiuiii -x locis publicis plaustris coacta,
Cic. II. Transf., Charles's Wain, the constellation
of the Ureal Uear, Ov.
plausns -us, in. (plaudo), the noise made by
the striking together of two bodies. I. Gen.,
plausiun dare peimis, Verg. ; ingeuti sonuerunt
omnia plausu, Verg. II. Esp., the clapping of
the lianas in sign of approval, applause ; aceipere
platisuni, Cic. ; captare plausus, Cic. ; comprint-
itur plausus ipsa admiratioue, Cic.
PlautlUS (Plotlus) -a -um, name of a Roman
gens; hence, adj., Plautlanus (Plotianus)
■a -um, 1'lautian.
Plautus -i, m. (lit. flat-footed), M. Accius
(or T. Maccius), re celebrated Roman comic poet,
who died about eighty years before Cicero's birth;
hence, Plautinus -a -um, relating to Plautus ;
Plautinus pater, in a comedy of Plautus.
plebecula -ae, f. (dim. of plebs), the common
people, mob, rabble, Cic.
plebeius -a -um (plebs). I. relating or be-
longing to the plebs or people (opp. patrieius),
plebeian; faniilia, Cic. ; ludi, games celebrated in
honour of the driving out of the kings or of the
return of the plebeians from their secession to the
Aventlne Hill, Cic. Subst., plebeius -i, m. a
plebeian, and plebeia -ae, f. a plebeian woman,
Liv. Plur., plebeli or plebei, Cic. II.
plebeian = common, vulgar , low, mean, inferior;
sermo, of the lower classes, Cic. ; purpura, Cic. ;
plulosoplii, Cic.
plebes -ui, f.= plebs (q.V.).
plebicola -ae, in. (plebs and colo), a friend
of the common people, Cic.
plebiscitura -i. n. (plebs and scisco), a
decree or ordinance of the people, Cic.
plebs, plebis, f. (root PLE, whence ple-o,
ple-nus, Gr. flAE, UAH, whence 7rA)j0<o, TrArjSos),
the multitude. Hence, I. As a political division,
the. plebeians, the people (opp. patricii, patres,
senatus, while populus includes both these
and the plebeians) ; consulem de plebe noil ac-
cipiebat, Cic. II. Transf., the common people,
the multitude, mass of the people, the lower orders,
rabble, mob ; plebs et infima uiultitudo, Cic. ;
plebs eris, Hor.; plebs deoruni, tlie lower order of
deities, Ov. •
1. plecto, plexi and plexui, plexuni, 3. (root
PLEC, Gr. IIAEK, n-AeVw), to plait, braid; more
frequently in partic, plexus -a -um, braided,
plaited; corollae, Lucr. ; ttores, Cat.
2. plecto, 3. (ttAtjtti.)), to punish; usually in
pass., to be punished with blows. A. Lit., tergo,
Hor. B. Transf., 1, to be punished, with abl.
of crime ; negligentia, Cic. ; 2, to be blamed, cen-
sured, Ncp.
plectrum -i, n. (nXrJKrpoi'), a short stick or
guilt with which the strings of a stringed instru-
ment were struck. A. Lit., Cic. B. Poet.,
melon., 1, the lyre, Hor.; 2, lyrical poetry,
Hor.
Pleias(rUr)ias),Plejas,andPhds(iiAaa5)
■ adis, f. a Pleiad; gen. plur., Pleiades (Pli-
ades) and Plejades -Sduni, f. the Pleiads, the
Seven Stars, according to the legend, the seven
daughters of Atlas by Pleione (Electra, Halcyone,
Celaeno, Maia, Sterope, Taygetc, Merope).
PleJSltie -cs, f. (nArjidnj), th? wife of Atlas,
mother of the I'leiads; Pieiones liepos, Mercury,
sou of Maia, Ov.
Plemyrium ("?15niurium) -ii, n. (IIAw-
/iupri/), re promontory of Sicily, near Syracuse,
now /'until di tliganle.
pleno, adv. (plenus), fulli/; Hg., fully, ctm-
pletely, wlioUy, abundantly ; \<h lie |*Tf"Ctae
niuilitiones, Caes. ; plene i-.apieules homines,
Cic.
plenitudo -Inis, f. (plenus), fulness, co»i-
phtcness, l'liu.
plenus -a -um (root PLE, whence p!e-0, Gr.
IIAE, n-Ae'os), full. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, lit.,
with genit., argenti, Cic. ; with abl., plena
domus ornamiiitis, Cic. ; absol., pleuisshnis
velis navigare, Cic; caleari ad plenum, com-
pletely, Verg.; b, lig., plenus timoiis, Caes.;
plenus expectatione, Cic. ; absol., plena inanu
alicuius laudes in astra tollere, Cic. B. Esp.,
1, plump, portly, stout; homo, Cic; velamina
lilo pleno, thick, Ov.; 2, pregnant, Cic; 3, full,
satiated; plenus eras miuinio, Ov. ; 4, full of,
richly provided with, rich in ; exercitus plenis-
siinus praeda, Cic. ; tig., plenus inimicorum,
Cic; negotiis, occupied, Cic; hence, absol. =
well-stocked, rich; urbs, Cic; homo, Cic;
epistola plenior, full of matter, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. full, of quantity and number ; 1, numerous;
aginen, Ov. ; 2,= complete, entire ; a, lit.,
annus, Cic. ; legio, Caes. ; b, tig., complete, per-
fect; gaudium, Cic; pleno gradu, at quick step,
Liv. B. Of strength, strong, loud; vox, Cic;
pleniore voce, Cic.
plerumquc, v. plerusque.
plerus — plerusque (q.v.).
plerusque - -raque -rumquS, gen. plur.,
plerique -raeque -raquC, very many, a large
part, the most, the greatest part, the majority (op]\
unus, pauci). I. Plur., 1, absol., multi nihil
piodesse philosophiam, plerique etiam ubesso
arbitrautur, Cic; plerique lielgae, Caes.; iu
plerisque, in the majority of cases, Cic. ; 2, with
genit., plerique Poenorum, Cic; 3, with the
abl., plerique ex factioue, Sail. II. Sing.,
.inventus, Mall. ; nobilitas, Sail.; Africa, Sail.
Neut., plerunique ; a, subst., the greater part;
noelis, Sail.; per Europae plerunique, Liv.; b,
adv., for the most part, mostly, generally, com-
monly, Cic.
Pleumoxii -drum, m. a people in Gallia
Belgian.
Pleuron-imis, t.(jlKtvpu>v),aU>wn in Aetolla.
Hence, adj., PleurdniUS -a -um, Pleuronian.
plico -ui -atus, 1. (ttAckw), to fold, double up,
fold together ; se in sua membra, Verg.
Plinius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which were: 1, C. Plinius
Secuadus (Major, the Elder), probably of Cemo,
author of a Natural History in thirty-seven books,
killed 7U A.D., at the eruption, of Mount Vesuvius;
2, C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Junior," the
Younger), governor under Trajan in Bithynia,
author of letters and of a panegyric on Trajan.
Pllsthenes -is, m. (nAfta-flt^t). I. son of
Pelops, brother of Alreus.antl Thyestes, father of
Agamemnon and Menckens, who was brought' up
by his brother Atreus. Hence, Plisthonicus
-a -um, torus, of Agamemnon, Ov.
plodo = plaudo (q.v.).
plorabilis -c (ploro), deplorable, lamentable.
Pers.
plorator -oris, in. (ploro), a waller, howler,
lamenter, Mart.
ploratus -iis,. in. (ploro), « crying, weeping,
lamenting; gen. in plur., audivi cjvit^tum
gemitus, ploratus, Cic,
plo
422
POG
ploro, 1. I. inlransit., to lament, wail, cry
aloud for grief; plorando fessus sum, Cic; jubeo
te plorare (= olixui^iv \iyio (rot, bad luck to you!),
Hor. II. Transit., to weep over, to lament, deplore;
turpe couuiiissuiu, Hor.
plostellum -i, n. (dim. of plostruin), a Utile
tcxigon, Hor.
plostrum = plaustnun (q.v.).
ploxemum (ploxlmum, ploxinum)
-i, n. a wagon-box, Cat.
pluit, v. pluo.
pluma -ae, f. the downy part of a feather, a
small, soft feather ; plur.= down. I. Lit., pllimae
versicolors colunibaruin, Cic. ; in pluinis
delituisse Jovem, to hare been disguised in the
form of a bird, Ov. ; in pliuiiam, after the fashion
of feathers, Verg. ; used to stuff pillows, bolsters,
etc., with; hence, meton.= holster, feather-bed,
pillow, Juv. ; as an emblem of lightness, rickle-
ih-ss, etc., pluma ant folio facilius moventur,
Cic. II. Transf., the first down on the chin,
Hur._
plumatUS -a -um (pluma), covered with
feathers, Cic. poet.
plumbeus -a -um (plumbum), leaden, made
c.f lead. I. Lit., glans, Lucr. II. Transf.,
leaden; 1,= blunt; gladius, Cic; pugio, Cic;
2,— bail; vina, Mart; 3, dull, stupid; pluni-
beus in pliysicis, Cic; 4, heavy, oppressive,
burdensome ; auster, Hor.
plumbum -i, ll. (akin to /idAvjSSo;), lead.
l_. Lit., ]>luiiibuin album, tin, Caes. II. Meton.,
1, a bidlet, Verg. ; 2, a leaden-pipe, Hor.
plumeus -a -um (pluma), downy, consisting
of, covered with fine feathers ; culcita, Cic; torus,
Ov.
plumipes -pedis (pluma and pes), feather-
footed, Cat.
plumosus -a -um (pluma), feathered, covered
with dow}i, downy, Prop.
pluo, plfii, 8. (root PLU, connected with
FLU-o, Gr. DAY. whence -nkvvui), to rain. I,
Lit., impels., pluit, it rains; duiu pluit, Verg.;
aqua, quae pluendo crevisset, Cic; with ace. and
abl. of what falls, sanguine pluisse Cic; lapides
pluere, Liv. II. Transf., to fall down in a great
mass or number; bantum glaudis pluit, Verg.
plurles, adv. (plus), often, frequently, Caes.
plurifariam (plus), on many sides, in many
i laces, Suet.
plurlmus, pliirimuni, v. multus.
plus, pluris, v. inultus.
piusculus -a -um (dim. of plus), somewhat
more, rather many; plusculum -i, n. used
BubsL, causae iu quibua plusculum negotii est,
Cic.
pluteus -i, m. and pliiteum -i, n. I. A.
a, a moveable penthouse, slwd, or mantlet (made
of hurdles covered with hides to protect the
besiegers of a town), Caes. ; b. a breastwork,
battlement on a tower, Caes. II. A. the back
board of a bed or sofa, Mint. B. the board on
which a corpse is laid out, Mart. C. n book-shelf,
book-case, Juv.
Pluto (-on) -Onis, in. (riAovTwi'), the king of
the lower world, brother of Jupiter and Nej !
husband of Proserpina. Hence, Pliitonlus -a
-um, belonging to Pluto ; doinus, the grave, Hor.;
plur. subst., Plutonia -5rum, n. (sc. loca), a
place in Asia Minor, perhaps in Lydia, where
there was a temple to I'luto.
pluvla -ae, f. (pluvius), tunn ; pluvias metuo,
Cic.
pliivialis -c(pluvia), <>/ or relating to rai/t,
rainy; aquae. Ov.; fungi, growing after rain,
Ov.; auster, Verg.
pluvius -a -um (pluo). o/or relating to rain,
rainy, rain-bringing ; aquae, Cic; Hyades,
Verg.; venti, Hor.; arcus, a rainbow, Hor.
pocillum -i, n. (dim. of poculum), a little.
drmking-cup, goblet ; Jovi Victori pocillum mulsi
facerc, to offer, Liv.
poculum -i, n (root PO, whence potus,
poto), a drinking-cup, goblet. I. poculum
inipavide haurire, Liv. ; poculum mortis ex-
liaurire, Cic; poscunt majoribus poculis (sc.
Inhere), to drink out of goblets, Cic. II. Meton.,
A. a drink, draught; ad pocula venire, Verg.;
anions poculum, a lore-philtre, Hor.; in ipsis
tuis imntanibus poculis, in thy cups, in the midst
of thy revels, Cic B. Esp., a poisonous draught,
Cic
podagra -ae, f. (iroSc-ypa), the gout 111 the
feet; podagrae doloribus cruciari, Cic.
Podalirlus -ii, in. (HooaAf iptos). I. son of
Aesculapius, a celebrated physician. II. a Trojan.
podex -ieis, m. the fundament, Hor.
podium -ii, n (ttoSioi-), a basement or balcony
immediately above tin. arena in Hit amphitheatre,
where the emperor and other distinguished persons
sat, Juv.
Poeas (Paeas) -antis. m. (iloi'a?), the father
of Philoctetes ; Poeante satus, son of Pot
Philoctetes, Ov. Hence, A. adj., Poeantius
-a -um, proles or heros, or simply Poeantius =
Philoctetes, Ov. B. Poeantiades -ae, in. son
of Poeas = Philoctetes, Ov.
pooma -atis, n. (rrolrfpa), a poem ; poema
facerc, or componere, or condere, Cic ; plur.,
pocmata = poetry (opp. oratio, prose), Cic.
poena -ae, f. (noivg), the fine paid for mur-
der; hence, punishment, penalty, expiation, com-
pensation. I. poena dupli, octupli, Cic. ; vitae,
Cic; capitis, Caes.; mortis, Cic; oculoruiu,
loss of eyesight, Cic; votorum, payment of one's
vows, Verg. ; poenas justas et debitas solvere,
Cic; poenas expetere ab aliquo, Cic; poenas
domestic! sanguinis expetere, to avenge the. mur-
der of a blood-relation, Cic ; poenas parentiuin a
jiliis expetere, to visit the sins of the fathers on the
children, Cic; poenas capere pro aliquo, to
avenge some one, Sail. ; poenani habere, to be
punished, Liv.; poenas habere ab aliquo, to ob-
tain vengeance from some one, Liv. ; poenas dare,
to be punished, Cic; poena aliquem affieerc or
multare, Cic ; poenas subire, ferre, perferre, luere,
Cic. ; extra poenani esse, to get off scot-free, Liv.
II. Fersonil., Poena, the goddess of revenge or
■punishment, Cic ; plur., a liberum Poenis actum
esse praecipitem, Cic
Poeni -orum, in. the Phoenicians = the Car-
thaginians (colonists from Phoenicia), proverbial
among the Romans for faithlessness and breach
of treaties ; Poeni foedifragi, Cic. ; sing.,
Poenus -i, m. a Phoenician, a Cartluiginian ;
used for Hannibal, Cic; collective, Poenus
advena, Liv.; Poenus aterqne, the Carthaginians
in Africa and Spain, Hor. Hence, A. Poenus
-a -uin, Phoenician, Panic, Carthaginian ; navita,
Hor.; leones, Verg B. Puulcus (Poenl-
cus) -a -um, Phoenician, Punic, Carthaginian;
a, lit., Punicuin helium, Cic; lides = faithless-
ness, Ball. ; so ars, Liv.; b, poet., transf. =
jmrple-red ; sagmn, Hor. C. Punlceus
(Poenlceus) ami Punlclus (Poenlclus)
-a-Uin, a, Punic, ( arthuginian ; b, purple- red.
Poeninus -a -um, Pennine; Alpes or jnga,
the Pennine Alp-: Poeninus mons, the (treat St
/;. i a. nd : or simply Poeninus, Liv.
pocnio, poeuior = puuio (q.Y.).
poe
i-23
Pol
poenitens -wit is (partic of poeuiteo).
poenitentia (paenitentia) -ae, f. (poe-
uiteo), repentance, penitence, Liv.
poemtco (paeniteo) -iii, 2. (from poniire
= punire; lit., to punish). I. to displease,
Plaut. II. to feel displeasure, to repent, to regret,
to be sorry. A. Pers., to rue; poenitens consilii,
Sail. ; sipoenitere possint, Liv. ; poenitens, Cic;
jioenitnms, Ball. ; poenitendo, by repentance,
Cic. B. Iinpers., poenitet aliquem alicuius rei,
etc., it repents o)ie, one is displeased, vexed,
etc ; (a) with ace. of pel's), ami genit, of tiling,
suae quemque fortunae poeuitet, Cic.; me poen-
itet consilii, Cic; without ace. of pels., tam-
quam pocni teat, laboris, Liv. ; (j3) with ace. of pers.
and lioill. pron. neuter, nihil sane esset quod
nos poeniteret, Cic; with only noiu. pron.,
nihil quod poenitere possit, of which one could
repent, Cic; (y) with ace. of pers. and intin.,
lion poenitet me vixisse, Cic; or, (6) simple
infin., ut fortiter fecisse poeniteat, Cic ; or
with ace and infin., ill posterum diem dilatum
(esse) ceitamen, Liv. ; (e) with ace. of pers. and
iel. sent., QuintUUl poenitet quod aniinum tuuui
offendit, Cic. ; (£) or with iel. sent, alone, poe-
nitet quod deduxisti, Liv. ; (ij) absol., poenitet
et torqueor, Ov.
pdesis -is, aec. -in, f. (iroitjcris), poetry, Cic.
poeta -ae, in. (n-oiijTTJs), a poet ; poeta comicus,
tragicus, Cic.
poetica -ae, f. and poetice -es, f. (TroirjTiKT),
sc. rixvrj), the art of poetry, Cic.
poetice, adv. (poeticus), poetically, after the
wanner of a poet ; ut poetice loquar, Cic.
poeticus -a -um (TroirjriKos), poetical; ver-
buin, Cic. ; facultas, Cic.
Poetovio -onis, f. a town in Pannonia, now
Pettau.
poetria -ae, f. (noiriTpia), U2>oetess, Cic.
pol! interj. by Pollux! truly! really! Cic.
Polemo (-on) -onis, m. (lloAe/u(oi>). I. a
Greek philosopher ut Athens, pupil of Xeuocrales,
teacher of Zi iito and ArcesUaus. Hence, Poiem-
oncus -a -um, of Polemo. II. a king in
Ponlus. .
polenta -ae, f. (root POL, POLL, whence
pollen, Or. ILVA, rrdKr)), pearl-barley, barley-
groats, Ov.
polio, 4. to polish, fie, make smooth. I. A.
1, roguin ascia, Cic. ; 2, esp., to cover with white
■mortar or gypsum, to whiten ; columnas albo,
Liv. II. Pig., to adorn, embellish, to polish,
finish; orationcm, Cic.
polite, adv. (politus), in a polished manner,
elegantly, Cic; politius limure, Cic.
politia -ae, ace. -an, f. (n-oAiTc i'a), 1, the state;
2, the Republic (title of a work by Plato), Cic.
politicus -a -um (jroAmxds), of or relating
to the state, political; pnilosophi, Cic.
Politorium -li, n. atowninLatium, south of
the Tiber, according to the legend founded by the
Trojan i'ulites, son of Priam.
politus -a -um, p. adj. (from polio), polished,
refined, ua-omplished ; homo, Cic; politior lium-
nnitas, Cic; vir omni liberali doetrina politis-
simus, Cic.
pollen -inis, n. and pollis -inis, c. (cf.
polenta), fine flour, meal, Ter.
pollens -cutis, p. adj. (from polleo), strong,
powerful, mighty; matrona, Ov. ; herlue, Ov. ;
with abl., viiilms, Ball.
1. pollcntia -ae, f. diolleo). I,
power,
.. (polleo).
strength, might, Plant. II. Person jf., (he goddes
of might, Pollcutja, Ljy,
2, Pollcntia -40, f. ti luu'n in Llyuria, famous
for its wool, now Polenzit.
polleo, 8. (potis and vateo)j id tSt itfond)
mighty, powerful, able; qui in repiil)ll 1 'a > (flur-
illiuni pollebaut, had the most power, Cic; lun
pliiiinium pollet oratio, Cic; with abl., scicntia,
Cic
pollox -luis, 111, (polleo), lit,, that which U
strong. A. the thumb ; Acglnetis nnllicea prae-
cidere, Cic; as a measure*, Blavf ferrel digitl
poinds crassitudlne, Cites. 5, the great toe,
Plili.
polliceor -citussum, 2. dep. (pro and liceor),
to offer, promise, proffer. I. Gen., a, with ace
of thing, pccuniani, Cic; b, with ace of thing,
and dat. of person, senatui frunientum, Cic. ;
niaria montcsque, to mulce boundless promises,
Sail.; c, with double ace, sesc itineri.s pericnlique
ducem, Sail ; d, with de and the abl., with or
without the ace, nihil ego turn de nieis opibua
pollicebar, Cic; e, with infin., obsides dare,
Cars. ; f, with ace and infin., gen. future, me
tibi satisfacturum, Cic. ; g, with rel. sent., quae
ineiini tempua postularet, Cic; h, with adv.,
ultro polliceri, Cic. ; bene, Sail. ; beuigne, Liv. ;
libel aliter, Cues. II. lisp., of an orator at the
beginning of his speech, to promise, declare;
docui quod priinuni pollieitus sum, Cic (partic.
peif. pass., pollicita tides, Ov.).
pollicitatio -onis, f. (pollicitor), am offer,
proffer, promise; luaguis pniemiis pollicitation!-
busque polliceri, Caes.
pollicitor, 1. dep. (intens. of polliceor), to
promise, proffer, Sail.
pollicitum -i, n. (polliceor), that which is
promised, a promise, Ov.
Follio (Polio) -onis, in., C. Asinius, the
patron of Vergil.
pollis = pollen -inis (q.v.).
polluceo -luxi -luotum, 2. I. to jtlace some-
thing upon the altar as a sacrifice, to offer;
decumam partem Hercull, Plaut. II. to put on
the table as a dish., Plant.
polluo -ui -utuin, 3. (pro and luo), to befoul,
defile, pollute. I, Lit., ora cruore, Ov. II.
Transt'., to J'fitc morally, pollute, dishonour ; jura
scelere, Cic, ; caeriiuonias stupro, Cic.
pollutus -a -um, p. adj. (from polluo),
■morally defiled, polluted ; hence (of women), un-
chaste ; feinina, Liv.
Pollux -ucis, )ii.(no/\v'J£vin)f) l the I win-brother
of Castor, son of 'J'yudurus (or Jupiter) and
Leila, renowned for his skill in boxing, Cic. ;
Pollux nterque, Castor and Pollux, Hor.
polus -i, in. (irdAo?). I. the pole of the earth;
pol us gelidu.s, glacialis, and simply polus, tlis
north pole, Ov. ; polus austialis, the south pole,
Ov. II, Transf., the sky, tlu heavens, Verg.,
Hor.
Polybius -li, m. (IIoAvjSios), a Greek his-
torian, contemporary and friend of Scipio Afri-
canus Minor.
Polyclitus (Polycletus) -i, in. (noAuVAei-
tos), a celebrated Greek sculptor of Slcyon, con-
temporary of Pericles.
Polycrates -is, m. (TtoXvKpdrq^), tyrant oj
Sumos, fumed for his prosperity, but crucified by
the Persian satrap Orontea.
Polydamas -mantis, 111. (UokvSdixas), a
Trojan, friend of Hector.
Polydectes -ae, m. (TloAuSex-nj;), ititij; in
Seriplios, who brought up Perseus.
P61ydoru8 -i, in. (HoAiJSiopo?), son of 1'iiam,
entrusted to the care of Potymnestor, king ov
Thrace, bul dain by him.
Pol
424
pon
Polygnotus -i, m. (JloXvyvuros), a celebrated
Greek painter of Thasos, contemporary with
Socrates.
Polyhymnia -ae, f. (rioAuVina), one of the
Muses.
Polymestor (Polymnestor) -oris, m.
(no\vfir\<nuip), king in Thrace, husband of Ilione,
daughter of Priam,; the murderer of Polydorus.
Polyphemus (-6s) -i, m. (rioAu'^o?), the
one-eyed Cyclops in Sicily, son of Neptune, blinded
by Ulysses.
polypus -i, ni. (7toAi'-ov?, Dor. and Aeol.,
7noAujros, hence with long o in Horace). I. the
polypus, a marine animal, Ov. II. a polypus in
the nose, Hor.
Polyxena -ac, f. (IToAufe'n)), daughter of
Priam, sacrificed at the tomb of Achilles.
pomariUS -a -um (pomum), of or relating to
fruit; subst, A. pomariUS-ii, m. a fruiterer,
Hor. B. pdmarlum -li, n. a fruit-garden,
orchard, Cic.
pomeridianus = postmeridianus (q.v.).
pomerium -ii, n. (orig. pomoerium, post
and moerus = murui;), a space left free from build-
ings for a certain breadth on each side the walls
of a town, bounded by stones (cippi or termini);
pomeriuiii intrare, transire, Cic.
Pometia -ae, f. and Pome+ii -drum, m.
old town, of the Volsci in, Latium. Hence,
Pometinus -a -uiu, Pometine.
pomlfer -ffra -ferum (pomum and fero),
fruit-bearing, fruit-bringing, Hor.
Pomona -ae, f. (pomum), the goddess of fruit
and fruit-trees.
pomosus -a -um (pomum), full of fruit,
abounding in fruit, Prop.
pom pa -ae, f. (tto/xttt)), a solemn procession.
I. A. Lit., 1, gen., of funerals, Cic; pompam
fiineris ire, Ov. ; of a wedding, pompam ducit,
Ov. ; of a triumph, Ov. ; poniparum fereulis
similes esse, to resemble in gait the bearers at a
procession, Cic; 2, esp., the procession at the
Circcnsian dames at which the images of the gods
were carried. B. Transf., a train, suite, retinue ;
lu-torum, Cic. II. Fig., display, parade, osten-
tation; genus (oralionis) poinpac quam pngnae
aptius, Cic
Pompeji -drum, m, toion in the south of
Campania, destroyed, by an eruption of Vesuvius,
79 a.i>. Hence, adj., Pompejanus -a -un,,
belonging to Pompeji ; subst., a,P6mpejanum
-i, n. (sc. praediuni), an estate of Cicero, near
Pompeji; b, Pdmpejanl -onim, in. the in-
habitants of Pompeji,
PompojopoliS -is, f.(\\oixTtiioviro\ts), later i
name of the town Soli, destroyed by Tigranes,
rebuilt by Pompejus.
Pompejus (Pompeius) -a -um, name of
v Roman gens, the most famous members of which
were: 1, Cn. Pompejus, triumvir with Caesar
and Crassus, conqueror of Mithrldates and the
pirates, defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia and slain
off Egypt; -2, Pompeja, wife of P. Vatinivs; adj.,
Pompeian; damns, Cic; lex, proposal by On.
Pompey. Hence, Pompejanus -ji -um, be-
longing to Pompey; subst., Pompejanus -i,
ill. a member of the Pompeian party.
Pompilius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens,
to which Wonged Numa Pompilius, second king
of Pome, legendary founder of many religious rites
at Pome. Adj., Pampilian ; sanguis, descendants
(f Numa Pompilius, Hor.
pompilUS ■'], m. (tronTTi'Aos), the pilot-fish;
according' to some, tjic nautilus. Ov.
Pomponius-a -um, filename of a Roman gens,
the most famous member of which was T. Pom-
nonius Attieus, friend of Cicero.
Pomptinus (Pomtmus) -a -um, Pomp-
tine or Pontine; pains and paludes, a marshy dis-
trict, thirty miles long and. twelve to thirteen miles
wide, exposed to the inundation of the river Amu-
se nus and Ufens, on theAppian road. Subst., a,
Pomptinum -i, n. the neighbourhood of the ,
Pontine marsh; b, Pomptina -ae, f. the upper
end of the Pontine marsh.
pomum -i, n. I. any kind of fruit, a mul-
berry, Ov. ; plnr., ponia, fruit, Verg., Hor. II.
Transf., a fruit-tree, Verg.
pondero, 1. (pondus). I. to weigh, Plant.
Il7 Transf., to weigh mentally, to consider, delib-
erate upon ; verborum delectum, Cic. ; causas,
Cic
ponderosus -a -uin (pondus), heavy, weighty,
ponderous. I. Lit., Plin. II. Transf., weighty,
significant; epistola, Cic.
pondo (abl. of obsolete pondus -i), in weight,
heavy; corona librani pondo, a pound in weight,
Liv.; used as an indeed, subst., o pound, pounds ;
argenti pondo viginti milia, Caes. ; ami quinque
pondo, Cic.
pondus -eris, n. (pendo), a weight. I. A.
Lit., 1, a weight usedin a pair of scales ; pondera
ab Gallis a'llata, Liv.; 2, a pound weight,
a pound, Liv. B. Transf., 1, abstr., a, the
weight of any body ; moveri gravitate et pondere,
Cic; b, balance, equilibrium ; tertius motus
oritur extra pondus et plagam, Cic; 2, concr.,
a, a heavy body, weight, load, burden ; in terrain
feruntur omnia pondera, Cic. ; b, a mass — a
quantity, sum; anri pondus ingens, Liv. II.
Fig.', A. In a good sense, 1. weight, gravity,
authority, influence ; comineudationeui magnum
apnd te pondus liabuissc, Cic. ; 2, weight of
words or thoughts ; omnium verborum ponder-
ibns est utendum, Cic B. In a bad sense, an
oppressive weight, burden ; pondera aniara SCncc-
tae, Ov.
pone (perhaps from posne, connected with
Trim, -n-po?). I. Adv. behind, at thebark; moveri
et ante, et pone, Cic. II. Prep, with ace,
behind; pone quos aut ante labantur, Cic.
pono, pfisui (p6sivi), positum, .'!. (for p5-sIno),
to lay down, put, place, lay. Constr. with adv.
of place; with in and abi.; with ad, ante, sub,
super; poet, with abl. alone. I. Gen., A. Lit.,
1, a, of things, vestigium, Cic. ; tig., pedem
ubi ponat in suo (regno) non habet, Cic; ponere
genu, to kneel, Ov. ; ponere scalas, to put up
ladders, Ones. ; b, of persons, positi vernae
circa Lares, Hor.; 2, of furniture or too';, to
laii out, prepare; mensam, Hor.; casses, Ov. ;
3, to lay, stretch out; art ns ill litore, Verg.;
somno poaitae, Verg. ; positae det oscula frater,
laid out, \.c..,dead, Ov. ; 4, to erect a statue in,
honour of some one ; alicui statnam, Nep. ; esp.,
to consecrate a gift to the nods; coronam auream
in Capitolio, Liv.; 5, towager in play; pocula
faglna, Verg.; 6, t. t. of calculators, ponere
caleuhun, to calcidate, Juv. ; 7, milit. 1. 1., to
station men, to place ; praesidium ibi, Caes.; 8,
to remove away to a distant place; pone sub
enrrn solis, Hor. ; 9, to publish ; cdicttun, Tar. ;
10 t tnputdown in writing; signa no\ isprneceptis,
Hor.; 11, partic. perf., pdsitus -a -um, a, of
snow, etc., fallen ; posita nix, Hor.; b, of places,
situateil'; Roma in montibus posita, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to place, put, present; aliqnid sub
uno aspeetn, Cic; 2, to bring, put; aliqtiem
ponere in gratia npud nliquem, Cic. ; in laude
positum esse, to be famed. Cic ; 3, to place, build,
rest; qinneinspem salutis in virtnte, Cic. ; 4, tg
pon
423
pop
pass lime in some occupation, ; totUm diem in
eonsideranda causa, Cic. ; 5, to reckon, count;
mortem In malls, Cic; aliquid in heneficii loco,
Cic. ; baud in magno disnrimine ponere, to attach
■no great importance to, Liv. ; with double ace,
to hold, regard; aliquem principem, Cic; 6, to
put down in writing, to remark, observe, mention;
cuius pauca exempla posui, Cic II. A. to lay,
•place by way of building, making, etc. ; 1, lit.
a, of building, to erect ; urbem, Verg. ; milit. t.t.,
castra in proximo colic, to pitch one's camp,
Caes. ; b, of an artist, to represent, picture;
Orpliea in medio silvasque sequentes, Verg.;
ponere totum, to present a whole, Hor. ; 2, transf.,
a, to found, place; ponere initia male, Cic;
b, to fix. settle; leges in conviviis, Cic; ponere
praemium, to promise a reward, Cic. ; c, to main-
tain, lay down ; nostnet ipsos commendatos esse
nobis, Cic. ; d, to pid, ask; quaestinnculam,
Cic; e, to put '■ a person in some position, or office;
alicui Rustodem, Caes.; aliquem custodem in
frumento publico, Cic B. to put food, dainties,
etc., before one. ; pavonem, merulas, Hor. C. to
plant ; piros, Verg. D. to deposit ; tabulas testa-
ment.i ii\ aerario, Caes. E. to lay out money, to
invest, lend; pecuniam apud aliquem, Cic; in
praedio, Cic. K. to arrange the hair; comas,
Ov. G. Of the winds, etc., to lay, to soothe;
tollere sen ponere vult freta, Hor.; rcfl., ponere,
of the winds, to lull, Verg. H. to lay aside; 1,
lit,, librumde inanibus, Cic. ; anna, to lay down,
Caes. ; and hence, to submit, Caes. ; 2, transf.,
to lay aside, remove, give up ; vitam, Cic. ; vitia,
Cic. ; dolorem, Cic. ; moras, Verg. ; 3, nant. t.t.,
to throw out anchor; aneoris positis, Liv. (syncop.
perf. pai'tic, postus, Lucr.).
1. pons, pontis, m. a bridge, Cic. I. facere
pontem in Quinine, to bridge over a river, Caes.;
pontem facere in Tiberi, Liv. ; pontem inter-
scindere, to cut down, Cic II. Esp., A. a plank
between a slap and the shore, Verg. B. a draw-
bridge, Verg. C. the bridge at the comitia over
which the voters passed singly, to pass into the
saepta, Cic. D. a, the deck of a ship, Tac. ;
b, the floor of a toieer, Verg.
2. Pons, Pontis, as a geographical name. I.
Pons Argenteus, a place and bridge over the river
Argenteus in Gallia Narbonensis. II. Pons
Cainpanus, a bridge on the Via Appia.
Pontla -ae,f. an Islandoffthe coast ofLatium,
now Isola di Ponza. Hence, Pontiani -Drum,
m. the inhabitants of Pontia.
ponticulus -i, m. (dim. of pons), a little
bridge, Cic.
1. Ponticus -a -urn, v. Pontus.
2. PontlCUS -i, m. a Roman poet, contempor-
ary and friend of Propertius and Ovid.
pontifex -flcis, in. (from pons and facio,
or = pompifex, from poinpa and facio), a pontiff,
a high priest, pontifex; plur., pontilices, a guild
of priests at Rome, containing at first four, then
eight, then fifteen members, the president of which
was called pontifex maximns; pontilices minores,
a lower class of pontiffs, assistants to the guild of
pontilices, Cic. Hence, A. pontificalis -c,
pontitioid ; auetoritas, Cic. B. pontif icatus
-us, m. the office of pontiff, the pontificate, (Me.
C. pontif icius -a -uni, relating to the pon-
tificate; lihri, Cic; .jus, Cic
pontificalis, v. pontifex.
pontif icatus, v. pontifex.
pontificius, v. pontifex.
Pontius -a -urn, name of a gens, originally
Samnite, afterwards Roman, the mostfamotlS mem-
bers of which were: 1, C. Pontius, commander of
the Samnitesat Caudium; 2, L, Pontius Aquila,
14*
one of the murderers of Caesar ; 3, Pontius Pilatus,
procurator of Judaea at the time of the crucifixion)
of Christ.
ponto -onis, m. (pon=)), a Jlat-bottothtd boat,
punt, Caes.
1. pontUS -I, h. (wdi-Tos). I. the deep, depth;
maris, Verg. II. Meton., A. the deep sea, Verg.
B. a wave of the sea, Verg.
2. PontUS -i, m. (ndiTos). I. the Black Sea.
II. Meton., A. the country on the shores of the
Black Sea. B. Esp., a district of Asia Minor be-
tween Bithynia and Armenia, the realm of Mithri-
dates, later a Roman province, Pontus. Hence,
Pontious -a -um (IToiTtKos), belonging to Pontus,
Pontic; mare, the Black Sea, Liv.; serpens, the
dragon that guarded the golden fleece at Colchis,
Juv.
popa -ae, m. the inferior priest or temple-
servant who sleiv the victims, Cic.
popanum -i, n. (won-ai/ov), a sacrificial cake,
Juv.
popellus -i, m.(dim. of populus), the common
people, rubble, Hor.
popina -ae, f. (jre'rrw, wenTa), to cook). I. a
cook-shop, eating-house, Cic. II. Meton., the
food sold at an eating-house, Cic.
popino -onis, m. (popina), the frequenter of
eating-houses, glutton, Hor.
poples -Itis, m. I. the ham, hough; suc-
cidere poplitem, Verg. ; femina poplitesque, Liv.
II. Meton., the, knee; duplicate poplite, with
bent knee, Verg. ; contento poplite, with stiff
knee, Hor.
Poplicola = Publicola (q.v.).
poppysma -5tis, n. (nwTrvoyta), and pop-
pysmus -i, m. (7ron-7rv<rpd?), a clucking of the
tongue as a sign of approbation, Juv.
populabilis -e (populor), that can be lakl
waste, devastated, Ov.
populabundus -a -um (populor), laying
waste, devastating, Liv.
popularis -e (1. populus), belonging to the
same people or country, native; 1, adj., tiumina,
Ov.; 2, subst, a, \\t. a fellow-countryman ; Solon
popularis tuns, Cic. ; b, transf., participator ;
con.jurationis, Sail. II. belonging to the people,
relating to the whole state, ' proceeding from the
state; 1, gen., leges, Cic; admiratio, Cic;
oratlo, to the people, Cic. ; 2. esp., a, popular,
agreeable to the people, beloved by the people; b,
of or relating to the people (as opposed to the
aristocracy), popular, democratic ; popularis vir,
a friend of the jieople, Liv. ; homo, Cic. Subst.,
popularcs -ium, in. the popular party, the
democracy, Cic.
popularitas -atis, f. (popularis), desire to
please the people, popular behaviour, Tac.
populariter, adv. (popularis). I. after the
manner of the people, commonly, vulgarly; loqui,
scribere, Cic. II. after the fashion ofafriend of
the. people, in a popular manner, or, in a bad
sense, like a demagogue ; agere, Cic.
populatio -onis, f. (populor), alaying waste,
devastating, plundering ; populatio agrorum cet-
erorum, Liv. ; ita libera populatio a tergo erat,
Liv.; plur., Ve.jentes pleni jam populationum,
who had had their fill of plundering, Liv. ;
hosteni populationibus prohibere, Caes.
populator -oris, m. (populor), a devastator,
plunderer, Liv.
populous -a -um (2. populus), of or relating
to the poplar ; frondes, Verg.
populifer -fera-ferumX2. populus and fero),
producing poplars, Ov
pop
426
por
populiscituin -i, n. a decree of the people,
Liv.
Popiilonia -ae, f., Populonium -li, n.,
nml Populonii -onun, in. a town in Etruria,
now ruing of Poplonia; hence, Populoni-
enses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Popuionia.
popiilo, 1. and populor, 1. dop. (1. popii-
lus), fc lay icaste, devastate, plunder. I. Lit.,
agros, Caes. ; provinciae populatae, Cic. X'i-
Poet., transf., to destroy, ruin, spoil, rob : popu-
lat acervum curculio, Verg. ; popuutus hamns,
robbed of the bait, Ov.
1. popiilus -i, in. (connected with n-Aijflo;,
plenus, etc., redupl. populiis, syncop. poplus),
the people as forming a political community, a
state. I. Lit., 1, the union of the inhabitant' of
a district, a Mute, a free stat-c : populi libeii
. . . reges, Cic; reges ct populi liberi, Sail. ;
lience, meton., « district, canton ; frequens cul-
toribns alius popiilus, Liv. ; 2, transf., a crowd,
host, multitude; fratrum, Ov. II. In narrower
sense, 1, the sovereign body in a free state, the
sovereign people; a, eivitns popularis in qua in
populo sunt omnia, Cic. ; b, esp. in Rome,
originally the patricians, afterwards the whole
people, as opp. to the senate; often in the
phrase, senatus populusqne Romanus, Cic. ; et.
patres in populi potestate fore, Liv. ; as opp.
to the plebs, lion populi seil plebis judicium
esse, Liv. ; often, esp. with historians, the, people
as a party, tlir democratical parly; populuin a
senatu disjunctuin, Cic; 2, the people, multi-
tude; mains poeta de populo, Cic.
2. popiilus -i, f. the poplar-tree, Verg.
porca -ae, f. (porcus), a son.'; sometimes
poet., a pig, hog, Verg.
porcina -ae, f. (sc. ram), pork, Plant .
porcinus -a -nm, of or relating to swine,
Plant.
Porcius -a -nm, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which wen : 1, M. Porcius
Cato Censorinus or Major, a severe Censor, afler
whom Cicero named Ms fork on old age ; 2, M.
Porcius Cato, the Younger, a contemporary of
Cicero, called Uticensis, from h is suicide at Utica ;
3, Porcia, sister of the younger Cato, wife of Do-
mitius Ahenobarbus. Adj., Vorcian ; lex, for-
bidding corporal punishment of a Roman citi:en,
Cic.
porculus -i, m. (dim. of porcus), re young
pig, porker, Plant.
porcus -i, in. a pig, hog; porcus femina, a
sov>; used as a term of leproach against a
glutton, Epicuri dc grege porcus, Jlor.
porgo = porrigo (q.v.).
Porphyrlo (-on) -onis, m. one of the giants.
porrectio -onis, f. (porrigo), a stretching
out, extension.
porrectus -a -nm, p. adj. (from pnrrigo).
I. stretched out, extended, bom ; porrectior acics,
Tac. II. Transf., poet, of time, long; mora,
Ov.
porricio -reci and -rexi -rectum, 8. to offer
sacrifice to ■' ■ gods; pro v., inter cacsa ct por
recta, between the slaying and the offering »j the
victim — i.e., "i the eleventh hour, Cic.
1. porrigo -rexi -rectum, 3. (pro and rcgo),
to stretch out, reach out, extend. I. A. 1, lit., a,
membra, Cic; mannm, Cic; middle, porrigi, to
he stretched out, to lie stretched out; corpus por-
rigitur in novem jugern, Verg.; b, mint. I. t.,
to extend; aeieni, tia.ll. ; c, porrigere manum,
to hold up the hand in voting; 2, transf., of
position, scopulus frontein porrigH in aequor,
Ov. ; porrecta in dorso urbs, Liv. B. Pig., a,
vertigalia, to increase, Hor.; se porrigere, to ex.
tend, reach ; quo se tua porrigat ira, Ov. ; b,
syllabam, to lengthen the quantity of a syllable,
Ov. II. A. to lay at full length, to lay low ;
hostem, Liv.; hence, partic, porrectus = dead ;
senex, Cat. B. Melon., to hob! out to, reach to,
offer to; 1, lit., dextram regi Deiotaro, Cic;
gjadiuw nobis, Cic; 2, fig., '" afford, supply;
praesidium clientibus, Cic.
S. porrigo -glnis, f. (= prurigo), s/nrfi, dan~
driff, Hor.
porro, adv. (poppai), forward, further. I. Of
space, at a distance, afar off ; a, with verbs of
motion, ire, Liv. ; agere arinentuin, Liv. ; b,
with verbs of rest, inscius Aeneas quae sint ca
flumina porro, Verg. II. Transf., A. Of time,
formerly. Cat. B. To express advances from
one thought to another, then, next, further,
again, in succession, in turn : saepc audivi a
senioribus natn, qui se porro pueros a sensibns
audisse dicebant, Cic; sequitur porro, nihil
deos ignorare, Cic.
porrus -i, in. and porrum -i, n. (ttp&vov),
a leek, Juv.
Porsena (Pcrsenna) and Porsma
(PorSinna) -ae, m. (Uop-Ttjca^, Uopiriia<;), king
of Etruria, who attacked Rome, in order to bring
back Tarquinius Superbvs; as a formula on the
sale of booty, bona Porsinae regis veneunt, Liv.
porta -ae, f. (connected with trepdoj, 7rop0^o.f,
experior, etc), a gate, city-gate. I. A. Lit.,
with or without lirbis, Cic. ; portas claudere,
Caes.; porta introire, Cic; pedem porta noil
extulisse, Cic B. Transf., any place of ingress
or egress, door, gate of a camp; porta deciimana,
Caes.; porta Taenaria (where Hercules entered
the lower world), ( >v. ; portae jecoris, Cic II.
Fig., quibus e port is ocenrri cuique deceret,
by wlutt ways or means, Lucr.
portatlO -onis, f. (porto), a carrying, eon-
crying ; armorum, Sail.
portendo -tendi -tentum, 3. (pro-tendo), to
indicate, predict, presage, forbade, portend; inag-
nitudineui imperii portendens prodigium, Liv.;
dii periculum portendunt, Liv.
portentifer -fSra -ferum (portentum and
fero), bringing prodigies, Ov.
portentiflcus -a -um (portentum and fae.io),
extraordinary, supernatural, marvellous, miracu-
lous; venena, Ov.
portentOSUS -a -nm (portentum), extra-
ordinary, prodigious, portentous, monstrous, un-
natural; nata, abortions, Cic.
portentum -i, n. (portendo). I. o prodigy,
portent, Cic II. Transf., A. a wonderful story,
extravagant tale; poetanun et pictorum, Ci3.
B. a monster, monstrosity; hominum pecud
unique portenta, Cic; so of "a monster of de-
: ," portentum rcipublicae (of Piso), Cic.
porthmcus -8i and -i'^, m. (7rop"uevs), a
ferryman (of Charon), .in v.
porticula -ae, f. (dim. of portions), a little
gallery or portico, Cic.
porticus -us, f. (porta), u portico, colonnade,
arcade, gallery-. I. 1, lit., a, quuin paiillnluin
inambulavissel in porticu, Cic; b, the hall of
fustice, tribunal of the praetor, Cic; 2, meton.,
the Stoic -■•honi (so named from aroa, a porch),
the Stoics; claniat Zeno et tota ilia porticus
tumulluatur. II. Transf., plur. portiens, gal-
leries t" protect the besiegers of a place. Caes.
portio -onis, f. (mot POR, Or. nOP-»), re
part, portion, section, division- I. Lit.., I'lin.
II. Transf., proportion, ratio; pro portione, in
proportion, proportionally, Cic.
por
427
pos
l. portitor -oris, in. (portus), a custom-house
officer, collector of customs, Cic.
3. portitor -oris, in. (root POR-o, whence
porto), a carrier ; and usually, a boatman, ferry-
man ; Charon, Verg.
porto, 1. (root POR-o, IlOP-u, whence fero,
portus), to bear, carry, convey, briny. I. Lit.,
concrete objects, 1, gen., a, things, (a) onera,
Caes. ; omnia lnecum porto mea, Cic; with abl.
or abl. and prep., in trimnpho Massiliani, a
representation of Massilia, Cic. ; with adv., or
prep., or ace, multa undique portari, Caes. ;
Romae donmni ad Antoniuin frunientuui, Cic. ;
viaticum ad hosteni, Cic. ; 08) of things as
subjects, portans in corpore virus lolligo, Ov. ;
b, persons, lectica portari, Cic. II. Transf..
with abstract objects, sociis atque ainicis auxilia
portabant, Sail.; has spes cogitationesque seenni
portantes, Liv.
portorium -li, n. (POR-o, porto), customs,
tax on imported and exported goods ; portoriiun
vini institucre, Cic. ; exigere portorium, Cic. ;
portorium locare, to let out the duties to farm,
Cic.
portula -ae, f. (dim. of porta), a little gate,
postern, Liv.
Fortunus -i, m. (portus), the god of harbours
(identified with the Greek Palaemon) ; hence,
Poi tunaiia -iuni, n. the festival of Portunus,
on the \~th of August.
portuosus -a -um (portus), having many
harbours, abounding in ports; superum mare,
Cic. ; navigatio minime portuosa, without har-
bours, Cic.
portUS -us, m. (POR-o, whence port"), a
harbour, port, haven. I. 1, lit., portus Caietae
ceieberrimns, Cic. ; e porta solvere, Cic. ; in
portum pervehi, Cic. ; as a place for levying
duties, in portu operam dare, to he a custom-
house officer, Cic. ; prov., in portu esse, navigare,
to lie out of danger, Cic. ; 2, transf., the estuary
of a river, Ov. II. Fig., a place of refuge,
harbour, haven; nationum portus et refugium
senatus, Cic. ; se in plulosophiae portum con-
ferre, Cic.
poscaenium -li, n. (post and seaena), the
theatre behind the scenes; fig., poscaenia vitae,
the secret actions of men, Lucr.
POSCO, pfiposci, 3. (pet-seo, from peto), to
ash earnestly, request strongly, demand. I, Gen.,
A. Of persons, pugnam, Liv. ; argentnni, Cic. ;
with ctli. flat, audariae partes sibi, Cic. ; with
ace. and ab with abl., luunus ab aliquo, Cic. ;
with double ace, magistratuin Sicyonium imm-
mos poposcit, Cic. ; absol., poscimur, we are
asked for a, song, Hor. ; with ut and the subj.,
Tac. ; with ace. and infln., Ov. B. Transf., of
things, to demand, require; quod res posccre
videbatur, Caes. II. Esp., A. to demand for
judgment, require to be given up; accusant ii,
quos populus jussit, Cic." B. to challenge to fight;
nliquem in proclia, Verg. ; so absol., transf.,
poscunt majoribus poculis, challenge one another,
Cic. C. to inquire; causas, Verg. D. to call ;
1, poseor Olympo, heaven summons me to battle,
Verg. ; 2, to call upon ; tua numina posco,
Verg. _.
Posidonius -ii, m. (Hoo-eiSuifioj), a Stoic
philosopher, pupil of Panaetius and teacher of
Cicero.
positio -onis, f. (pono), a placing, putting;
caeli, climate, Tac.
positor -oris, m. (pono), a founder, builder,
Ov.
posltura -ae, f. (pono), position, situation,
place, 2x>slure, Lucr.
positus -us, m. (poim). I. position, place ;
urbis, Ov. ; regionis, Tac. II. arrangement of
the hair, Ov.
possessio -finis, f. (possideo). I. posses-
sion; a, lit, fundi, Cic; possessionem heredi-
tatis alicui dare, cripere, Cic. ; aliquem niovere,
demovere de possessiono, Cic. ; b, fig., pru-
dentiae doctrinaeque, Cic. II. lueton., that
which is possessed, a possession, property ; paternae
atque avitae possessiones, Cic.
possessiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of possessio),
a little possession, small property, Cic.
possessor -oris, m, (possideo), a possessor.
1. Gen., locorum, Cic. II. Esp., a possessor of
land ; possessor agroruni, Liv. ; absol., Cic.
possideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (potis and sedeo),
to possess, have, liold. I. A- Lit., ex edicto,
bona, Cic. B. Fig., ingenium, Cic. II.
Transf., to occvjnj a place by force, beset; forum
armatis catervis perditorum hominmn, Cic.
possido -sedi -sessum, 3. (potis and sido),
to take possession of, occupy. I. Lit., bona sine
testamento, Cic. II. Fig., totum hominem
totamque eius praeturam, Cic.
possum, nOtfii, posse (potis and sum), lobe
able, I (thou, lie, etc.) can. I, Gen., facere ut
possem, Cic.; potest, fieri ut fallar, / may be
■mistaken, Cic. ; fieri non potest ut non or quin,
it cannot but be that, Cic. ; ut nihil ad te dem.
litterarum, facere non possum, / cannot help
writing to you, Cic; si potest, if it is possible,
Cic. ; qui potest? how is it possible? Cic. ; with
superl., Caesari cominendaviut gravissime potui,
as strongly as I could, Cic. II. Esp., to avail,
be efficacious, have influence ; a, of persons, apud
Sequanes plurimnm, Caes. ; quum omnia se
posse censebat, thought himself all-powerful , Cic;
b, of tilings, plus potest apud te pecuniae
cupiditas, Cic.
post(= ponst, from pone). I. Adv. behind.
A. Of place, behind, in the rear; qui post
erant, Cic. B. Transf., 1, of time, after, after-
wards, subsequently; multis post annis, many
years afterwards, Cic; aliquanto post, shortly
afterwards, Cic; nuilto. post, long after, Cic;
2, of the order of succession, prinio . . . post,
Cic. II. Prep, with ace. A, Of place, be~
hind; post nostra castra, Caes. B. Transf., 1,
of time, after; post Brutum consulein, Cic;
foil, by quam, post diem tertium . . . quam
dixerat, Cic ; 2, of order, next to ; erat Lydia
post Chloen, Hor.
postea, adv. (post and abl. eS), after, after
that, afterwards; postea aliquanto, Cic; quid
postea? what then ? what next ? Cic.
posteaquam, conj. after that : with indie;
(a) with perf., posteaquam victoria consti-
tnta est, Cic ; (/3) with pluperf., posteaquam
bis consul fuerat, Cic. ; (y) with imperf., postea-
quam e scena explodebatur, Cic. ; (6) with pies.,
posteaquam in Formiano sum, Cic.
poster!, v. posterns.
posterius, v. posterns.
posteritas -atis, f. (posterns). I. the. future;
habere rationem posteritatis, Caes. ; posteritatis
otio consulere, Cic. II. future generations,
after-ages, posterity; omnium seculornni, Cic;
posteritati servive, Cic. ; invidia posteritatis,
Cic.
posterus (poster) -a -um, compar., post-
erior -us ; superl., postremus and postu-
mus -a -um (post). I. Posit., subsequent. e tiling,
following, next, future ; lit., postern die, Cic;
in postenim./ur tlw next day, and for tiie future,
Cic; subst.. poster! -orum, in. posterity. II.
Compar.; posterior -us, 1, following after.
pos
428
pot
vert in order, later, posterior; posteriores eogit-
at.iones, second thoughts, Cic. ; paulo aerate post-
erior, Cic; neut. adv., postering = later, Cic;
2, transf., inferior, worse ; nihil posterius, Cic.
III. Superl., postremus ami postumus
-a -uni. A. postremus, the hindmost, last; 1,
lit., pngina, tic. ; acies, Sail. ; hoc non in post-
rciuis, Cic. ; abl., postrcmo, at last; primum . . .
deinde . . . postrcmo, Cic; postrenmm, for
the last time, Cic ; 2, transf., of position and
value, tlie worst, most pitiable ; homines, Cic. B.
ad postremniii, at last, lastly; me ton., the last ;
postumus a -urn, the last, last-born (esp. of
children born after the father's will or death),
posthumous; proles, Verg. ; subst., postumus
-i, in., Cic.
postfero -ferre, to esteem less, consider of less
account ' ; libertati plebis suas opes, Liv.
postgeniti -6rum, m. (post and gigno),
posterity, descendants, Hor.
posthabco -Hi -itum, 2. to esteem less, make
of less account ; omnibus rebus posthabitis, Cic.
posthac, adv. hereafter, after this, in future,
Cic.
posticus -a -um (post), hiiuler, back, behind.
I. Adj., partes aedium, Liv. II. Subst., post-
icum aedium, a back-door, Liv.
postilio -Shis, f. (postulo), the demand of a
deity for o sacrifice, Cic.
postilla, adv. after, afterwards, Cat.
postis -is, m. a post, door-post. I. Lit.,
postern tenere (of a person who consecrated a
temple), Cic. II. Plur., meton., poet., a door,
gate, Verg.
postliminium -li, n. (post ami limcn), n re-
t.tri. home, jxistl iminy ; the resumption hyajirisoncr
of war of his civil rights, which were in abeyance
during his captivity ; ei esse postliminium, Cic;
gen. abl., postliminio, by right of postliminy;
redire, Cic.
postmeridianus (pdmeYidianus) -a
•am (post and meridianns), belonging to the
afternoon, afternoon ; tempus. Cic.
postmodo and postmodum, adv. after,
afterwards, Liv.
postpone -pSsfli -posltum, 3. to esteem less,
consider of less account, put after ; omnia, Cic. ;
aliqueni alieui, Ov. ; omnibus rebus postpositis,
Cic.
postqunm, conj. after, after that, as soon,
as; a, with indie, (a) gen. with perf., postquam
Caesar perverfifc, Caes. ; (j3) with pluperf,, un-
decimo die, postquam a te disceascram, Cic. ;
(y) with pres., Hostilia curia minor mihi esse
videtur, postqiram est major, Cic; (6) with
Jmperf., postquam auiici non poterant vineere
etc'., Cic; b, with historic intin., postquam
exui aequalitus, Tac.
postremo, v. posterns.
postremum, v. posterns.
postremus -a -um, superl, of posterns
(q.v.).
postridie, adv. (for posteri iliei), the day
after, the following day, on. the next day ; prima
luce postridie* Caes. ; foil, by qiiani, postridie
qtintn a vobis discessi, Cic. ; with ace, Indus,
the. day after the games, Cic. ; with genii., post-
ridie eins diei, Caes.
postriduo -- postridie (q.v.).
postscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. to write
after, Tac.
. postiilatlo -onis, f. (postulo), a request,
entreaty, demand. I. Gen., ignoscendi, for par-
don, Cic. ; concedere postulationi eius, Cic II.
Legal t, 1., an application to the praetor to allow
a complaint or charge to be brought, Cic.
postulatum -i, n. (postulo), a demand,
request, Cic.
postulatus -fls, m. (postulo), a legal com-
plaint, accusation, Liv.
postullo = postilio (q.v.).
postulo, 1. (=posculo, from posco). to
demand, beg, entreat, ask, request. I. Gen., (o)
with ace, auxilinni, Cic. ; (0) with double ace,
haec quum prnetorcm postlllabas, Cic ; (y) with
ut or ne or ut ne and the sulij., postulat abs te
ut Bomam rem rejicias, Cic; with sul)j. alone,
qui postularent, cos sibi dederent, Caes. ; (fi)
with intin., or aec. and intin., dicendo vinceic
non postulo, Cic ; hie postulat Roinae se
absolvi, Cic; with noiu. and intin. pass., bona
possideri postularentnr, Cic; (e) absol. and
transf., of things or subjects, quum tempus
necessitasqnc postulat, Cic II. Esp., legal
1. 1., a, to demand from the praetor against some
cm; judicium, Cic; b, to impeach, accuse;
aliqueni de ambitu, Cic. ; aliqueni niajestatis,
Cic
Postumius -a -um, name nf a Roman gens,
the. most celebrated members of which irere : I,- the
consul p. Postumius Tubertus, conqueror of the
Salines; 2, A. Postumius Tubertus, dictator,
wlio ordered the execution of his own son for figlit-
ing against orders ; poet, form, Postumus ; adj.,
1'ostumian, and henee, Postumianus -a -um,
Postumian.
1. postumus -a -ran, superl. of posterns
(q.v.).
2. Postumus, v. Postumius.
Postverta (Postvorta) -ae, f. (post and
verto), the goddess of childbirth, invoked incase
of an irregular presentation, Ov.
potatio -onis, f. (poto), a drinking-bout ;
hesterna ex potatione oscitantes, Cic.
potator -oris, m. (poto), a drinker, Plant.
pote, v. potis.
potens -entis, p. adj. (from possum). I.poicrr-
ful in, having power over. A. neque .ill bend i neque
vetandi, Tac. B. 1, capable, of; armorum ten-
endorum, Liv.; 2, mighty, influential; civis,
civitas, Cic; subst., a powerful person, Liv.;
plur., Cic ; 3, of things, powerful, efficacious ;
nihil est potentius aura, Ov. ; 4, master of, lord
<<f ; potentes rerum suaruni eturbis, Liv. ; duni
mei potens sum, as long as I am my own master,
Liv.; Diva potens Cypri, riding over Cyprus,
Hor. ; fig., potens sui, having command over one-
self, temperate, Hor. ; potens irae, able to con-
trol one's anger, Liv. II. that which has obtained
something; voti, Ov. ; iussi, having fulfilled the
command, Ov.
potentatus -us, in. (potens), political power,
supremacy, ( i>'.
potonter, adv. (potens). I. powerfully,
strongly, efficaciously, Hor. II, according to
One's power, Hor.
1. potentia -ne, f. (potens), power, might,
ability. I. Physical, 1, lit., solis, Verg.; 2,
transf., efficacy, potency ; herbarum, Ov. II.
political power ; a, influence, authority; erant in
magna potentia qui eonsulebantur, Cic; b,
supremacy, ride ; rerum, Cic.
2. Potentia -ae, f. a town hi 1'ireninn, on
the river FUrris, now, perhaps, Monte Santo.
potcstas -atis, f. (possum), power. I. Gen.,
might, strength, efficacy; herbarum, Verg. II.
power to do something, power over something. A.
1, gen., habere potestatem vitae necisque in
aliqueni, Cic ; esse in potestate senatus, Cic. ;
pot
Nv
429
prae
txteae ex or he potestate (sc. mentis), to lose Ike
control of one's reason, Cic. ; 2, esp., a,^politicul
power, supremacy, dominion ; esse in alieuius
ditione ae potestate, Cic; b, the power, au-
thority of a magistrate, official authority, office;
(a) lit. , praetoria, Cic; dare alicui potestatem
legati, Cic ; (/3) meton., the magistracy itself;
iinpeiia et potentates, military and civil com-
mands, Cic B. might, power, ability, oppor-
tunity, jiossibility, occasion; data est potestas
augendiio dignitatis, Cic; faeere potestatem
alicui, (a) to give art opportunity of fighting,
Caes. ; (/3) to allow access to oneself, grant an in-
terview, Caes. ; potestas est, it is possible, with
ill tin., non fugis nine praeeeps dutn praecipitare
potestas, Verg.
1. potio -onis, L (poto), a drinking, draught,
potion. I. Gen., Cic. II. a, a draught of
poison, Cic ; b, a love-draught, philtre, Hor.
2. potio, 4. (potis), to put any one in the
power of; aliqueni servitutis, to reduce to slavery,
Plant.
1. potior, 4. dep. (potis). I. to get, get pos-
session, become partaker of, obtain; with abl.,
urbe, Cic; victoria, Caes.; with genit., illius
vegni, Cic ; with ace, urbem, Cic. II. to possess,
have, be master of; with abl., niari, Liv. ; with
genit., rerum, Cic. (potior has some forms from
the third conjug., potitur, Verg. ; potfremur,
Ov. ; potSrentui', Liv.).
2. potior, v. potis.
potis, potS (root POT, whence Se<r-7rdnjs,
compos, etc.). I. Adj., compar., potior -us ;
superl., potissimus -a -um. A. Posit., able,
capable; usually in the phrase potis est, he can,
is able ; potis est vis ulla tenere, Verg. ; nee
potis est cerni, nor is it possible to distinguish,
Lucr. ; neut., pote est, Cat. ; pote = pote esse,
hoc quidquam pote impurius, Cic. B. Compar.,
potior -us, preferable, better ; cives potiores
quam peregrini, Cic. ; potior patre, Cic ; mors
servitute potior, Cic C. Superl., potissimus
-a -um, best of all, chief, principal ; quid potis-
simuin sit, Cic II. Adv., only iu compar.,
potius, and superl., potissimum. A. corn-
par., potius, rather, more, preferably; magnus
(homo) vel potius summus, Cic. ; potius quam,
foil, by ut and snbj., or simply subj., Cic. ; with
verbs expressing a comparison, emori potius
quam servire praestaret, Cic. B. Superl. , potis-
simum (potissime), chiefly, above all, Cic.
potissime, potissimum, v. potis.
potito, 1. (intens. of poto), to drink fre-
quently, drink hard, Plant. «
potius, v. potis.
Potniae -arum, f. (UotvlclC), a place in Boeotia
mi the river Asopus, the pastures of which were
said to make amimals that grazed them mad.
Hence, Potnias -adis, f. belonging to Potniae ;
equae, Ov., quadrigae, Verg., the team of horses
which threw out and killed their master Glaucus.
poto, potavi, potatum and pOtum, 1. to
drink. I. Lit., 1, aquas, Ov.; absol., hue veniunt
potum juvenci, Verg.; 2, to drink, revel; lotos
dies potabatur, Cic II. Transf., to absorb, suck
in; potantia vellera fucum, Hor.; partic, a,
ptous -a -uin, (a) pass., drunk, drunk up,
drained; sanguine poto, Cic; poti faece tenus
cadi, Hor.; (0) act., having drunk, drunken;
anus, Hor.; bene potus, Cic; b, poturus
-a -um, Prop.
potor -oris, in. (poto), a drinker. I. aquae,
Hor. ; Rhodani, a dweller by the Rhone, Hor.
II. a tippler, drunkard, Hor.
potrix -icis, f. (potor), a female tippler,
Phaedr, ,1
■ yotulentub -a -um (poto), drinkable, pot-
able; hence, subst., potulenta -drum, things
that can be drunk, drinkables ; eseulenta efc
potulenta, Cic
1. pdtUS, v. poto.
'J. potus -us, in. (poto). I. a drinking ; im-
nioderatus, Cic II. Meton., a draught, that
which is drunk, drink ; cibi potusque, Ter.
prae, adv. and prep, (old dat. fern., like
pro, dat. neut., from * prus -a -um, formed
from per). I. Adv. before, iu front; i prae,
Plaut., Ter. II. Prep, with abl., A. before;
prae se pugionem tulit, Cic ; prae so arnientum
agens, Liv.; tig., prae se ferre, to show, exhibit,
betray, discover, manifest; scelus, Cic; vocem,
Cic. B, Transf., 1, in comparison with, com-
pared with ; Attieos prae se agrestes putat, Cic;
prae nobis lieatus, Cic; 2, on account of, be-
cause of, in. consequence of; nee loqui piae
maerore potuit, Cic. ; prae inetii, Cic. ; prae ixa,
Liv.
praeacfio (-ui) -utum, 3. to^sharpen to a
point; gen. in partic, praeacutus -a -um,
sharpened to a point, pointed ; sudes, Sail.; sti-
pites, Caes.
praealtus -a -um. I. very high; rapes,
Liv. II. very deep ; ftumen, Liv.
praebeo -bfti -bitura (= pvaeliibeo, from
prae and habeo). I. to offer, hold out; crus
alteram, Cic; os ad contumeliam, Liv.; manuin
verberibus, Ov. II. Transf., A. to expose; se
telis hostium, Liv. B. to show, give ; operaui
alicui, to serve, Liv. ; reflex., with or without se,
to show oneself, prove oneself; with ace of pre-
dicate, misericordem se praebuit, Cic; se virum,
Cic; in eos se severum vehementemquc, Cic. ;
utrisque se aequum, Cic. C. to furnish, supply,
afford; alicui naves, Liv.; rebus adversis per-
fugium ac solatium, Cic ; hence, a, to offer,
present, cause, bring about ; specienl horribilem,
Caes. ; modum, to make music, Ov. ; b, toedlow ;
praebuit ipsa rapi, Ov.
praebibo -bibi, 3. to drinkbefore, to drink to ;
ei cui veneuum praebiberat, Cic
praebitor -oris, m. (praebeo) = n-apoxos, a
furnisher, supplier, one who in the provinces fur-
nished officials with necessaries, Cic.
praecalidus -a -um, very hot, Tac.
praecanus -a -um, prematurely grey, Hor.
praecaveo -c&vj -cautum, 2. I. Intransit.,
to take precaution beforeliand, to be on one's guard,
to be careful ; providens et praecavens, Cic ; ab
insidiis, Liv. ; with dat., to take care for some
person's safety; decemviris ab ira et impetu
uiultitudinis, Liv.; with ne and the subj., id ne
acclderet, sibi praecavendum existimabat, Caes.
II. Transit., to beware of, guard against before-
hand, seek to avert; quod a me ita praeeautum
est, Cic. ; peccata, quaedifficillime praecaventur,
Cic
praecedo -cessi ^cession, 3. to go before, pre-
cede. I. Lit., 1, intransit., praecedens consulis
tili us, Liv.; cum equite, Liv.; 2, transit.,
aginen, Verg. II. Transf., A. Of time, to go
before, precede ; fama loquax praecessit ad aurcs
tuas, Ov. B. Of rank, etc., to surpass, be before;
reliquos Gallos virtute, Caes. ; vestros honores
rebus agendis, Liv.
praecellens -entis, p. adj. (from praecello),
excellent, admirable, distinguished, surjxissing ;
vir et animo et virtute praecellens, Cic ; vir
omnibus rebus praecellentissimus, Cic.
praecello, 3. (prne and * cello), to surpass,
excel, exceed; a, absol., gravitate morum, Tac;
b, with ace or dat, aliquam fecunditate, Tac;
genti, had the supremacy over, Taa
prae
430
prae
. praecelsus -a -uin, very high, very lofty;
rupes, Verg.
praecentlo -Onis, f. (praecino), a musical
'prelude, playing before a sacrifice, Cic.
praeceps -clpftis (prae and caput), headlong,
headforemost. I. Adj., A. Of motion, 1, lit.,
.'a, of persons, (a) aliquem praecipitem dejicere,
Cic; praeceps in terrain datus, Li v. ; (f)) in
haste, hasty, quick ; praecipites columbae, Verg. ;
praecipites se fugae niandabant, Caes. ; praeceps
fertur, Cie. ; b, transf., (o) of things, hasty,
precipitate; profectio, Cic; celeritas dicendi,
Cic; 03) of time, declining; praeceps dies, Liv.;
praeceps aetas. Sail. ; 2, tig., a, of persons,
blind, rash, headlong ; agunt eum praecipitem
poeuae civium Romanormn, Cic. ; homo in
omnibus ccnsiliis praeceps, Cic. ; praeceps in-
genio in irate, inclined to, Liv. ; b, of things,
circumstances, etc., dangerous; libertas, Liv.;
lubricum genus orationis adulescenti nou
acriter inteliegenti est saepe praeceps, Cic B.
Of rest, 1, adj., of places, steep, precipitous ;
Jocus, Caes. ; saxa, Liv. ; tig., iter ad flnitimum
malum praeceps ac lubricum, Cic; 2, subst.,
praeceps -cipitis, n. a steep place, precipice;
in praeceps deferri, Liv.; fig., clanger; prope
t ota in reinpublicam in praeceps dederat, Liv.
II. Adv., vim mortalium praeceps trahit, drags
headlong, Tac .
praeceptlo -Onis, f. (praecipio), 1, a pre-
conception, Cic; 2, a precept; Stoicorum, Cic.
praeceptor -oris, m. (praecipio), a teacher,
instructor, preceptor; Vivendi atque dicendi, Cic.
praeceptrix -trids, f. (praeceptor), she that
teaches; qua (sapieutia) praeceptrice, Cic.
praeceptum -i, n. (praecipio), a precept,
command, rule, ordinance, injunction; medic-
orum, philosophorum, rhetorum, Cic. ; Latine
loquendi, Cic. ; praecepta dare, Cic
praecerpo -cerpsi -cerptum, 3. (prae and
carpo), to pluck prematurely, gather before the
time. L Lit., messes, Uv. it. Fig., to lessen
or take aivay ; fruotum oflicii tui, Cic.
praecido -cidi -clsum, 3. (prae and caedo).
I. to cut off in front, cut off. A. Lit., alicui
caput, Liv. ; fistulas (aquae), Cic. ; ancoras, to
cut the cables, Cic. B. Fig., 1, to cut short, to
cut, abbreviate, abridge; brevi praecidam, I will
express myself briefly, Cic. ; praccide, make it
short, Cic; 2, to take away, -deprive of; sibi
redituni, Cic; 3, to refuse point blank; plane
sine exceptione, Cic. II. to ciU in pieces. A.
Lit., canem, Liv. ; cotem novacula, Cic. B.
Fig., to break off suddenly; amicitias magis
decere diluere quant repente praecidere, Cic.
praecuictus -a -urn, partic. of praecingo.
praecingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. to gird, sur-
round with a girdle; middle, praecingi, to gird
oneself, Cic. Partic, recte praecincti pueri,
Hor. ; altius ac nos praecincti, girded higher v.p,
i.e., more rapid travellers, Hor.
praecino -ceclniaud -cluui -centum, 3. (prae
and cano). I. Intransit., A. to sing or play
before; a, of musical instruments (esp. the flute),
epulis magistratuum fides praceinunt, Cic. ; b,
of flute-players, praecinere sacriticiis or sacris,
Liv. B. to sing an incantation, Tib. II.
Transit., to prophesy, predict; magnum aliquid
deos populo Romano praecinere, Cic.
praecipes -is = praeceps (q.v.).
praeoiplo -cepi -ceptum, 3. (prae and capio),
to take before, get before, receive in advance. I.
Lit., pecuniain mutuam, Cic; iter, to get the
ctort, Liv. ; si lac praeceperit aestus, if the heat
dries the milk beforehand, Verg. ; praecipitur
tfges, ripens wo fuse, Ov. . H, Trau>f'., A. :o
take beforehand, anticipate; praecipio gaudia
supplicioium vestrorum, I enjoy in anticipation,
ap. Cic ; annuo victoriaiu, Caes. ; consilia host-
iuin, know beforehand, Cic B. Esp., to tell
beforehand, to write beforehand; a, to instruct,
advise, warn, prescribe, admonish, charge, com-
mand; hoc tibi praecipio, Cic; with ut or no
and the subj., illud potius praecipieitduni fuit
ut, etc., Cic; with subj. alone, Sail.; Willi
infin., temporibus parere, Cic. ; absol., ut erat
praeceptum, Cues.; b, to teach; arteiu, Uv. ;
alicui rationem tempestatuin, Cic ; praecipe
cantus, Hor.; absol., to be a teacher, to give in-
struction; de eloquentia, Cic.
praecipitanter, adv. (praecipito), head-
long, headforemost, precipitately, Lucr.
praecipito, 1. (praecepsl. I. Transit., to
cast down headlong. A. 1, lit., sese Leucade,
Cic. ; sese in fossas, Caes. ; pass., praecipitari,
in middle sense, to cast oneself down, ball.; poet.,
lux praecipitatur aquis, sinks beneath the waves,
Ov. ; 2, transf., partic, praecipitatus, drawing
to a close, Ov. ; nox praecipitata, Ov. B. Fig.,
a, to cast down ; aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis
gradu, Cic; to cast to the ground, destroy, ruin ;
reinpublicam, Liv.; b, pass., praecipitari, as
middle, to rush into; in insidias, Liv.; hence,
(a) to hurry away; furor iraque lneutem prae-
cipitant, Verg.; (0) to hasten; moras omnes,
Verg.; (y) to press on; with infin., dare tempus
sociis hiunaiidis, Verg. II. Intransit., to fall
down, to sink violently. A. 1, lit., Nilus prae-
cipitat ex montibus, Cic ; in fossam, Liv. ; 2,
transf., to draw to a close, hasten to the end; sol
praecipitans, declining, Cic. ; hiems jam prae-
cipitaverat, was drawing to a close, Caes. B.
Fig., a, j>raecipitantem impellere, to give a
push to a falling man, to knock a man when he ,
is down, Cic. ; praecipitare ad exitium, Cic. ; '
respublica praecipitans, hastening to its fall,
Cic ; b, to fall into; in amorem, to fall in love,
Plant,
praecipiie, adv. (praecipuus), especially,
chiefly, particularly, principally, Cic.
praecipuus -a -am (prae and capio). I.
peculiar, especial ; mihi consuli praecipuum fuit
praeter alios, Cic. ; in communibus miseriis
praecipuo quodam dolore angi, Cic. Subst.,
praecipuum -i, n. a special right, a preroga-
tive, Cic. II. excellent, distinguished, extraor-
dinary, especial; a, quos praecipuo semper
honore Caesar habuit, Caes. ; Datura ingenerat
praecipuum quendam amorem, Cic. ; praecipuus
toro [distinguished by a seat of honour) Aeneas,
Ver£. Subst., praecipuum -i, n. pre-eminence,
superiority ; homini praecipui a natura nihil
datum esse, Cic. ; plnr., praecipua -drum, n.
= n-po»)-yneVa, things (in tiie Stoic philosophy)
that come next to the greatest good ; b, especially
suited for ; praecipuus ad pericula, Tac.
praeoise, adv. (praecisus). I. briefly, in
few words; id praecise dicitur, Cic. It. abso-
lutely, decidedly; negare, Cic.
praecisus -a -urn, p. adj. (from praecido).
I. steep, abrupt, precipitous ; saxa, Verg. It.
Rhet. t. t., short, brief, broken off, Cic.
praeclare, adv. (praeclarus). I. very
plainly, very clearly; intelligere, Cic; ex-
plicare, Cic. II. admirably, excellently; gerere
negotium, Cic. : meminisse, Cic. ; facere, to do
something remarkable, Cic.
praeclarus -a -um, very bright, very bril-
liant. I. Lit., lux, Lucr. II. Fig., 1, noftfe,
illustrious, remarkable, distinguished, excellent,
admirable, famous; gens bello praeclara, Verg.;
situs (urbis), Cic; indoles, Cic; praeclarfssimi
conatus, Cic; subst., ptaeclara -orum, n-
prae
431
prae
valuables, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, notorious ;
seeleribus ferox atque praeclarus, Sail.
praccludo -clfisi -cliisum, 3. (prae and
chimin). I. Lit., to close in front, lo shut up, to
dose; praecludere portus eonsuli, Cues. II.
TransL, /■) close to any one, deprive of access to;
sibi curiam, Cic. ; mantiinos cur.sus, Cic.; voceni
alicui, tostap a person's mouth, Liv.
praeco -onis, m. I, a public crier, herald{iu
a court of justice, at public assemblies, at auc-
tions) ; per praeconeni venders aliqoid, Cic. ;
fundum sub.jicere praeconi, bring to the hammer,
Liv. II. .Transf., a publisher, herald, one who
praises; virtutis, Cic.
praecogito, 1. to think? meditate, consider
carefully beforehand ; multo ante facinus, Liv.
praecognosco (-cognovi) -cognitum, 3. to
learn beforehand; praecoguito nostro adventu,
ap. Cic.
praecolo -coliii -cultum, 3. to cultivate be-
fore, fig. I. aiiiini praeculti rectis studiis et
artibus, Cic. II. to honour highly, to revere;
nova et ancipitia, Tac.
praocompositus -a -urn (prae and coiu-
pono), composed beforehand, studied; os, mien,
Ov.
praeconius -a -urn, belonging to a praeco
or crier. I. Adj., quaestus, Cic. II. Subst.,
praeconium -ii, u. A. the office or business
of a public crier ; praeconium facere, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, a public crying, publishing, making
known ; tibi praeconium deferatn, Cic. ; perago
praeconia casus, Ov. ; 2, a public laudation,
commendation; laborum suorum, Cic.
praeconsumo -consumptus, 3. to consume,
exhaust beforehand, Ov.
praecontrecto, l. to handle beforehand, Ov.
praecoquis -e and praccoquus a -urn
= praecox (q.V.).
praecordia -oruin, n. (prae and cor). I.
the muscle separating the heart and lungs from the
abdomen, the midriff, the diaphragm, Cic. II.
Transf., A. the bowels, stomach; auulus in prae-
cordiia piscis inventus, Cic. ; quid veneni saevit
in praecordiis, Hor. B. the breast, heart (as the
seat of feelings and passions); reditin praecordia
virtus, Vcrg. ; spiritus remanet in praecordiis,
Liv.
praecorrumpo -rupi -ruptuni, 8. to corrupt,
bribe beforehand ; me donis, Ov.
praecox -c6cis, praecoquis -e, and
praccoquus -a -mil (prae and coquo), ripe
before the time, premature, Plin.
praecultus -a -um, partic. of praecolo.
praecurro -cucurri and -curri -cursum, 3.
I. A. Lit., to run before, hasten before; prae-
currit ante omnes, Caes. ; ad aliquem, Caes. ;
aliquem equis albis, fig. = to excel, Hor. Partic.
subst., praecurrentia -lum, n. what goes
before, antecedents, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to go on
before ; eo Jama jam praecurrerat de praelio
Dyrrliaeliino ; 2, of time, to precede ; aliquem
aetate, Cic; with dat, ut certis rebus certa
signa praecurrereut. II. Esp., to surpass, exceed ;
aliquem celeritate, Qies.
praecursio -onis f. (praecurro), a going be-
fore. I. Gen., sine praecursione visorum, Cie.
II. In rhet., the previous preparation of the
hearer, Cic.
praecursor -oris, in. (praecurro), a goer be-
fore, precursor. I. Lit., A. Milit. 1. 1., prae-
cursores, the vanguard, advanced guard, Liv. II,
Transf., a spy, scout; in omnicalumnia praecurs-
orem habere, Cic.
praeciitio -cu's&i -cussuin, 3, (prae and
quatio), to shake before, brandish before; taedas,
Ov.
praeda -ae, f. (connected with praehendo),
spoils of war, plunder, booty. I. Lit., praeda
parts, Cic. ; iugeute* proedas facere, Liv. II.
Transf., A. the spoils nf the clutse, ijtiarry,
prey; cerviluporum praeda rapauium, Hor. B.
plunder, gain ; maximox quaestus pracdasqtie
facere, Cic.
praedabundus -a -um (praedor), plunder-
ing, Sail.
praodamno, 1. I. to condemn before; ali-
quem. II. to give up; spem, Liv.
praedatio -onis, f. (praedor), a plundering,
pillaging, Tac.
praedator -oris, m. (praedor). I. Lit., a
plunderer, pillager, robber; vexatores ac praedat-
ores, Cic. II. Transf., A. a hunter; caprorum,
Ov. B. a gain-loving, greedy person, Tib.
praedatorius -a -um (praedator), plunder-
ing, pillaging, predatory ; classis, Liv.
praedelasso, 1. to weary, weaken beforcha>u1,
Ov.
praedestino, 1. to appoint, ordain before-
hand; sibi similes tiiumphos, Liv.
praediator -oris, in. (praedium), a buyer o)
landed estates sold by auction, a dealer in estates,
Cic.
prediatorius -a -um (praediator), of or
relating to the sale of land by auction ; jus, Cic.
praedicabilis-e(l. praedieo), praiseworthy,
Cic.
praedicatio -onis, f. (1. praedieo). I. a
making publicly known, the public announcement
of the praeco, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a declara-
tion, depositio)!, ; nefariae societatis, reletting to,
Cic. ; 2, a praising, commending, jvaise, Cic.
praedicator -oris, m. (1. praedieo), a
pruiser, commender, public eulogist, Cic.
1. praedieo, 1. to make publicly known,
publish. I. Lit., of the praeco, dimidias venire
partes, Cic. II. Transf., 1. to declare, specie
out, relate, proclaim, say, tell; paucitatem DOS*
trormn militum suis, Caes. ; with ace. and
infill., praedicautem coiitumeliaiii illam sibi a
Cicerone impositaiu esse, Sail. ; ea juventutis
cxerceudae causa fieri praedicant, Caes. ; prae-
dicat se servo imperasse, Cic. ; 2, to mention,
with praise, to commend, eulogise, boast ; virtutem,
Cic. ; falsa de se, Cic. ; de suis laudibus, Cic. ;
with ace. and infin., Galli se omnes ab Dito
patre prognatos praedicant, Caes.
2. praedieo -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to say be-
forehand, speak before: praedicta cornua quaer-
unt, Ov. ; esp. of writers and orators, haec
milii praedicenda fuerunt, Cic. II. Esp., A.
to predict, foretell, prophesy; defectiones solis,
Cic. ; futura, Cic. ; with ace. and infin., nihil
Antonium facturum (esse), Cic. B. a. to fix,
appoint beforehand; diem (of the praetor), Tac;
b, to warn, admonish, instruct, charge, command;
Pompeius suis praedixerat, ut Caesaris impetuni
exciperent, Caes. ; Junonein praedicere, ne id
faceret, Cic.
praedictio -onis, f. (2. praedieo), a pro-
phesying, predicting, Cie.
praedietum -i, n. (2. praedieo), a prophecy,
prediction, Cic. II. an order, command, Liv.
III. a concert, agreement, Liv.
praediolum -i, n. (dim. of praedium), a
small landed estate, little farm, Cic.
praedisco -didici, 3. to learn before; ea quaa
agenda sunt in foro, Cic
praedisposltus -a -um, arranged before*
hand; nuntii, LiY;
prae
432
prae
praeditus -a -um (prae and do), endowed,
furnished, provided with; with abl., sensibus,
Cic. ; virtute, Cic. ; amentia, Cic. ; crudelitate,
Cic.
pracdium -ii, n. (praes), a plot of lund,
landed estate; rusticuui, Cic; praediuiu vend-
ere, Cic.
praodives -itis, very rich, Liv.
1. praedo, 1. =praedor (q.v.).
2. praedo -Snis, m. (praeda), a robber, pil-
lager, plunderer ; urbis, Cic; maritiini, pirates,
Nep. ; praedo maritus, the husband that carried
her off (of Pluto), Ov.
praodoceo -doctus, 2. to teach before, in-
struct before; praedocti ab duce, Sail.
praedomo -d6mui, 1. to tame before, Sen.
praedor, 1. dep. (praeda). I. In transit.,
A. Lit., praadatum exisse in agrum Latinum,
Liv. ; mill tes praedantes, Caes. B. Transf., to
rob, plunder, get gain ; in bonis alienis, Cic ;
de aratorura bonis, Cic. ; apud Mamertinos,
Cic. ; ex alterius inscitia, Cic. II. Transit., A.
to plunder, pillage, rob ; 6ocios magis quam
hostes, Tac B. 1, lit., to carry off as prey;
ovem imam, Ov. ; 2, transf., amores alicuius,
one's sweetheart, Ov. ; singula de nobis aimi
praedantur, Hor.
praeduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead forward,
carryforward; fossas viis, Caes. ; murum, Caes.
praedulcis -e. I. Lit., very sweet, Plin.
II. Transf., very pleasant, very delightful ; decus,
Verg.
praedurus -a -am, very hard, very strong ;
homo praedurus viribus, Verg. ; corpora, Verg.
praeeminoo ( praemlnSo), 2. to surpass,
excel; ceteros peritia leguin, Tac
praeeo -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. to go before,
precede. I. Lit., Laevinus Komam praeivit,
Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen., natura praeeunte, Cic
B. Esp., 1, to say before, sing before, play before;
a, gen., lit vobis voce praeirent, quid judicaretis,
Cic. ; b, religious and legal t. t., to dictate the
words of an oath, or any solemn form of words;
verba prae ire, Liv. ; carmen, Liv. ; praeire alicui,
Cic; 2, to order, command; omnia, ut decem-
viri praeierunt, facta, Liv.
praefatio -onis, f. (praefor), a religious or
legal form of words, formula ; sacrorum, Liv. ;
donationis, Cic.
praefectura -ae, f. (praefectus), the office of
superintendent or overseer. I. Gen., annonae,
Tac. ; vigilum, Tac. II. Esp., 1, the command
of auxiliary troops, esp. of cavalry, Suet. ; 2,
a subordinate provincial comvui nd ; praefectur&m
petere, Cic ; 3, luetou., an Italian town governed
by a praefectus, a prefecture, Cic.
1. praefectus -a -um, partic. of praeticio.
2. praefectus -i, m. (praeficiu), an overseer,
superintendent. I. In private life, his utitur
qua6i praefectis libidinum suarum, Cic. II.
In political life, a civil or military officer or
superintendent. A. Gen., annonae, Liv.; cast-
rorum and castris, Tac. ; praefectus urbis,
governor of the city (Rome), and. commander of
the five cohortcs urbanae, in the timo of the
republic only commanding in the place of the
consul when absent, Liv.
praefero -tilli -latum -ferre. I. A. to bear,
carry before or in front ; ardentem facem, Cic. ;
fasces praetoribus, Cic B. Fig., 1, gen.,
clarissimum lumen practulistis menti meae,
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to bring to light, to show, mani-
fest, display; avaritiam, Cic. ; judicium, express
one's judgment, Liv. ; haec eius diei praefertur
opinio, Caes. ; b, to give the preference to, to
prefer; aliquem sibi, Cic; otium labori, ball.
II. to carry by; middle, praeferri =; to hasten hy,
to ride by ; praeler castru praelati, Liv. III.
to anticipate; diem triumphi, Liv.
praeferox -6cis, very bold, impetuous;
legati, Liv.
praefervidus -a -um, burning hot, very
hot. I. Lit., balneum, Tac. II. Fig., ira, Liv.
praefestino, 1. I. to hasten exceedingly,
hasten too much; ne deticere praefestinarent,
Liv. II. to hasten by ; sinum, Tac
praefioio -feci -tectum, 3. (prae and facio),
to set over, appoint as superintendent, overseer,
etc. ; aliquem pecori, Cic. ; bello gorendo or
simply bello, Cic. ; legioni, Caes. ; praelicere
aliquem in eo exercitu, Cic
praefidens -entis, very confident, over con-
fident, Cic.
praefigo -Rxi -tixum, 3. to fix in front, fasten
bej'ore ; ripa sudibus praefixis muuita, Caes. ;
anna puppibus, Verg. II. Trausf., A. to tip,
point with ; Jacula praefixa ferro, Liv. B. to
pierce through, transfix, Tib.
praef inio, 4. to fix, prescribe, appoint before-
hand ; diem, Cic; suniptum funerum, Cic;
non praehnire, foil, by quominus, Cic.
praefloro, 1. to pluck the blossom prema-
turely; fig., to diminish, lessen; gloriain eius
victoriae praefloratam apud Thennopylas esse,
Liv.
praefluo, 3. to flow past ; innma valle, Liv.;
with ace. of place, Tibur fertile, Hor. ; Noricaui
proviuciam, Tac
praefoco, 1, t jrae and faux), to choice, suf-
focate ; viam animae, Ov.
praefodio -fodi -fossum, 3. I. to dig in
front of; portas, Verg. II. to bury previously;
auriuu, Ov.
praefor -fatus sum -fari, to speak before.
A. a, to utter beforehand; majores nostri om-
nibus rebus agendis quod bonum, faustuni,
felix sit, praefabautur, Cic. ; carmen, Liv.; so
with ace of deity, divos, Verg. ; b, to mention
beforehand, to premise ; quae de deorum natura
praefati sumus, Cic B. to prophesy, foretell, Liv.
praefracte (praefractus), sternly, resolutely ;
nimis praefracte vectigalia defendere, Cic.
praefractus -a -um, p. adj. with compar.
(from praefringo). I. Of written style, abrupt,
disconnected ; Thucydides praefractior, Cic. 21.
Of character, stern, severe, harsh ; Aristo Chius
praefractus, ferreus, Cic.
praefrigidus -a -um, very cold, Ov.
praefringo -fregi -fractum, 3. (prae and
frango), to break off' in front, break in pieces;
haslas, Liv.
praefulcio -fulsi -fultura, 4. to support, prop
up; rig., illud praefulci atque praemuni ut, etc.,
Cic.
praefulgeo -fulsi, 2. to gleam forth, shine
forth. I. Lit., equus praefulgens dentibus
aureis, Verg. II. Fig., triumphali decore
praefulgens, conspicuous, distinguished, Tac
praegelldus -a -um, very cold; Alpes, Liv.
praegeBtlO, 4. to desire exceedingly ; prae-
gestit animus viflere, Cic.
praegnans (prae and root GNA, whence
guascor), pregnant. I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., full
of; fusus stamine, Juv.
praegracilis -e, very slim, slender, lank,
Tac.
praegravis -e, very heavy. I. Lit., A. Ot
weight, onus, Ov. B. Of movement, prae-.
gravis corpore, Liv. II. Transf., of persons,
ifearisoms, Tac.
prae
433
prae
praegravo, 1. to press heavily upon, weigh
upon, oppress, to weigh down. j. Lit, prae-
gravata iuhaerentibus scuta, Liv. II. Fig., to
overwhelm, oppress, weigh down; dantem' et
accipientcin, Liv. ; aniinum, Hor.
praegredior -gressus sum, 3. dep. (prae and
gradior). I. to go be/ore, precede ; praegredientes
amici, Cic. ; with ace, signa, aginen, Liv. ;
nuntios, faniaui, outstrip, Liv. II. to jmss by,
march by; ea (castra), Liv.
praegressio -onis, f. (praegredior), a guing
before, precedence ; causae, Cic.
praegressus -us, m. (praegredior), a going
on before, Cic.
praegustator -oris, in. (praegusto), one who
tastes before, a taster, foretaster. I. Lit., Suet.
II. Fig., libidinum tuarum, Cic.
praegusto, 1. to taste before; cibos, Ov.
praehibeo -ui -itum, 2. (prae and habeo),
to offer, hold out, afford, supply, furnish, Plaut.
praejacSo, 2. to lie before; campus qui
castra praejacet, Tac.
. praejudicatus -a -um, v. praejudico.
praejudicium -li, n. a previous judgment, a
preliminary decision or examination (far the sake
of investigating facts for subsequent proceed-
ings). I. Lit, a, de quo non praejudicium sed
plane Judicium jam pactum putatur, Cic. ; apud
eosdem judices reus est f'actus, quum duobus
jam praejudiciis damnatus esset, Cic. ; b,
transf., a premature decision; neminem prae-
judicium tantae rei afferre, Liv. II. Meton .,
an example, precedent; Ponipeius vestri facti
praejudicio demotus, by your example, Caes.
praejudico, 1. to decide beforehand, to give
a preliminary judgment; a, legal t. t, re semel
atque iterum praejudicata, Cic. Partic. perf.
6ubst, praejudieatum-i, n. — praejudicium,
(I.); b, transf., in partic, praejudicatus
-a -um, previously decided ; opinio praejudicata,
Cic.
praemedltatlo -onis, f. (praemeditor),
considering beforeliand ; futurorum malorum, Cic.
praemeditor, 1. dep. to meditate upon, con-
sider beforehand; praemeditiri quo animo ac-
cedam ad urbem, Cic; with ace and inlin., i<l
praeineditari ferunduiu modice esse, Cic;
partic perf. pass., praemeditatus -a -um,
considered beforehand; mala, Cic.
praemetuens -entia. p. udj. (from prae-
niutuu), fearing beforeliand, Phaedr.
praemetuenter, adv. (praemetuens), ap-
prehensively, anxiously, Lucr.
praejuvo -juvi, 1. to assist before, Tac
praelabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. to glide before,
flow, swim before or along ; insula iu quam Ger-
mani nando praelabebantur, Tac; with ace,
praelabi rlumina rotis, Verg.
praelambo -Iambi, 3. to lick before, taste
before, Hor.
praelargus -a -um, very abundant, Juv.
praelego -legi -lectum, 3. to sail past, coast
along ; Cainpaniam, Tac.
praeligo, 1. I. to bind in front ; sarmenta
praeligantur cornibus bourn, Liv. II. to bind
up ; os obvolutum est folliculo et praeligatum,
Cic.
praeliura, etc. = proeliuni, etc. (q.v.).
praelongUS -a -um, very long; gladius,
Liv.
praeluceo -luxi, 2. to cam/ a light before ;
lit, to light before. I. Lit., Suet II. Fig., 1, with
ace. (amicitia) bonam spem praelucet in post-
erum, sheds the kindly light of hope, Cic. ; 2, to
outshine, surpass ; nuilus sinus Baiis praelucet,
Hor.
praelum = prelum (q.v.).
praelustris -e (prae and lustro), very illus-
trious; praelustri ab arce, Ov.
praemando, 1. to order beforehand ; ut con-
quireretur, ap. Cic. ; hence, praemandata
-orum, n. a writ of arrest, Cic.
praematurus -a -nm, too early, premature;
hiems, Tac. ; canities, Tac.
praemedlcatus -a -um, protected by medi-
cine or charms, Ov.
praemitto -mlsi -missum, 3. to send before,
send on, despatch before. I. Lit, (a) of persons,
ahquein, Cic; legiones in Hispaniam, Caes.;
without ace, to send before; ad eos equites,
Caes. ; (p) of tilings, alicui odiosas litems, Cic.
II. Transf., to send before; haec favorabili ora-
tione praemisit, Tac.
praemium -li, n. (prae and emo), tliat which
is taken first. I. Geu., advantage, gain, profit ;
omnia praeinia donaque fortunae, Cic. II. Esp.,
A. an honourable reward, recompense; praeinia
bene de republica ineiitorum, Cic. ; alicui prue-
niium dare pro aliqua re, Cic. ; praemium prae-
ponere or exponere, to promise, Cic. ; ironically —
punishment; cape praeinia facti, Ov. B. Esp.,
booty; in war, pugnac, Verg.; in the chase,
leporcm et giucm jucunda captat praemia, Hor.
praemdlestia -ae, f. trouble beforeliand, Cic.
praemolior, 4. dep. to prepare beforehand ;
rem, Liv.
praeraoneo -ui -itum, 2. to warn, advise,
admonish beforehand. I. Gen., with ace, conatus
hostis, against hostile attempts, Liv. ; with ut
and the subj., me, ut magnopere caverem, prae-
inonebat, Cic. II. to foretell, presage, Iliou ars-
urum Ov.
praemonitus -us, in. (praemoneo), a pre-
diction, premonition, Ov.
praemonstro, l. I. to show, point out
bejore, Lucr. II. to prophesy, presage, predict;
magnum aliquid populo Romano, Cic.
praemordeo -mordi -morsum, 2. to bita
°Sl ng., to pilfer; aliquid ex aliquo, Juv.
praemorior -mortuus sum -m&ri, 3. dep.
to die prematurely, Ov. ; transf., pracmortni jam
est pudoris, his modesty is dead, Liv.
praemunio (praemoenio), 4. I, to fortify
in front ; aditus duos niagnis operfbus, Cjos. li.
Fig-, to fortify, secure, make safe; genus dicendi
piaemunituni, Cic. ; quae praeniuniuntur ser-
moni, premised to meet objections, Cic.
praemunitio -onis, f. (praemunio), a for-
tifying beforehand; rhet, fig., of an orator, a
prepamtion of the minds of his hearers, Cic.
praenato, 1. to swim before, swim past, flow
by, Verg.
Fraeneste -is, n. (f. in Verg.), a town in
I.atium, famous for its roses, its nuts, and for the
temple and oracle of Fortuna, now Palestrina.
Hence, Praenestmus -a -um, belonging to
Praeneste; sortes, the utterances of the oracle
there, Cic.
praeniteo -ui, 2. to shine forth; fig., cur tibi
junior praeniteat, outshines thee, Hor.
praenomen -Inis, n. the name which stood
before the gentile name, and distinguished tht
individual, the first name, the praenomen (e.g.,
Caius. in C. J. Caesar ; JIarcus, in M. T. Cicero),
Cjo.
prae
431
pra9
praenosco -novi -notum, 3. to become ac-
quainted with beforehand, foreknow ; futura, Cic.
praenolio -onis, f. (praenosco), preconcep-
tion, innate idea, (translation of rrpoArj^t';), Cic.
praenubilus -a -urn, verg dandy, very dark,
(Jv.
praenunoia, eU\ — praeuuntin, etc. (q.v.).
praenuntia, v. praeuunUus.
praenuntlO, 1. to announce, report, tell be-
forehand, foretell, predict; futura, Cic.
praenuntlUS -a -uin, foretelling ; subst.
(m. f. and n.), that which annowices beforehand,
a harbinger, sign, token, omen; stellae calamit-
atum praeuuntiae, Cic. ; ales praenuutius lucis,
the cock, Ov.
praeocciipatio -5nis, f. (praeoccupo), a
taking possession of before ; locoruin, Nep.
praeoccupo, 1. I. to take possession of
before, seize before; iter, Caes. ; loca, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, to take possession of beforehand, to
preoccupy; animos timorpraeoccupaverat, Caes.;
2, to anticipate, to surprise ; ne adventu Caesaris
praeoccuparetur, Caes. ; with infin., legem ipsi
praeoccupaverant ferre, Liv.
praeopto, 1. I. to prefer, wish rather, desire
more ; nemo non illos sibi, quam vos, dominos
praeoptet, Liv. ; -with infin., nudo corpore pug-
nare, Caes. II. aliquid alicui rei, to prefer ;
otium urbanum militkie laboribus, Liv.
praepando, 3. to open wide in front, stretch
open in front, extend before, Cic.
praeparatio -Onis, f. (praeparo), prepara-
tion; ad minuendum dolorein, Cic.
praeparo, 1. to make ready, provide, prepare ;
naves, Cic. ; res necessarias advitam degemlam,
Cic. ; animos ad sapieutiam, Cic. ; aures (audit-
orum) praeparatae, Liv.
praepedio -ivi and -ii -itum, 4. (prae and
root PED). I. to entangle by the feet, shackle,
fetter; praepeditis Numidarum cquis, Tac. II.
Transf., to hinder, impede, obstruct ; quum las-
situdo ac vulnera fugam praepedissent, Liv. ;
singultu medics praepediente sonos, Ov. ; prae-
pediri valetudine, to be hindered by ill-health,
Tac.
praependeo -pendi, 2. intransit., to hang
before, hang in front, Ciics.
praepes -pStis (prae and peto). I. Lit., t. 1.
of augury, of birds from whose flight favourable
omens were gathered, quick in flight, rapidly
flying, swift; praepes avis, and subst. simply
praepes, Cic. ; praepetibus pennis se credere
caelo, Verg. II. Transf., quick in flight and
motion; a, adj., deus, the winged god — i.e.,
Cupid, Ov. ; b, subst., a bird; Jovis, the eagle,
Ov. ; Medusaeus (of Pegasus), Ov.
praepilatus -a -urn, having a ball or button
in front (applied to foils or blunt weapons);
uiissiiia, Liv.
praepinguls -e, very fat, very rich; solum,
Verg.
praepolleo -polltii, 2. to be very powerful,
to excel or surpass in power; vlr virtute prae-
pollens, Liv.
praepondero, 1. to outweigh; fig., ncque
ea volunt praeponderari honestate, Cic.
praepono -p6sui -pSsttuni, 3. to put before,
place before. I. Lit., A. Gen., pauca (scribendo),
Cic; transf., pniepositae causae, antecedent, Cic.
B. Esp., to put over, set over as overseer, com-
mander, etc. ; aliquem bello, provinciae, navibus,
Cic. ; militibus, Caes. Partic. subst., prae-
positus -i, m. a commander, Tac. II. Fig.,
to prefer ; saluteru reipublicae vitae suae, Cic.
Panic, subst-., piaeposituin -i, n. (translation
of Trpoi\yfj.ii'Ov), something to be preferred, some-
thing advantageous, but not (in the Stoic philo-
sophy) absolutely good, e.g., riches, etc., Cic,
praeporto, 1. to carry before, Lucr.
praepositio -onis, f. (praepono), a placing
before. I. 1, lit., negationis, Cic; 2, metoii.,
gimnmat. t. t., a preposition, Cic. II. a pre-
ferring, preference, Cic.
praepositus, partic. of praepono.
pracpossum -pStfii -posse, to be very power-
ful, have the chief power, Tac.
praepostere, adv. (praeposterus), in a re-
versed order, perversely, absurdly, Cic.
praeposterus -a -um. I. having the last
first, inverted, perverse, distorted, absurd; gratu-
latio, Cic. ; consilia, Cic. II. Transf., of per-
sons, perverse, Cic.
praepotens -entis, very powerful, very
mighty; a, of persons, viri, Cic; Carthago
praepotens terrS marique, Cic. ; with abl. instr.,
praepotens armis Romauus, Liv. ; with genit.,
Juppiter omnium rerum praepotens, rilling over,
Cic. ; b, transf., of things, philosophia, Cic.
praeproperanter, adv. very quickly, very
hastily, Lutr.
praepropere, adv. (praeproperus), very
hastily, too quickly ; festinare, Liv. ; agere, Liv.
praeproperus -a -um, exceedingly quick,
too quick, overhasty, precipitate. I. Lit., festin-
atio, Cic. ; celeritas, Liv. II. Transf., ingen-
ium, Liv.
praeputium -ii, n. the foreskin, Juv.
praequam, v. prae.
praequeror -questus sum -queri, to com-
plain beforehand, Ov.
praeradio, 1. to outshine, Ov.
praerapidus -a -um, very rapid; gurges,
Liv.
praerigesco -rigni, 3. to grow very stiff, Tac.
praeripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (prae and rapio),
to snatch away, pluck from, tear away, carry off.
I. Gen., alicui arma, Ov. ; alicui laudem destin-
atam, Cic. II. Esp., a, to carry off before the
time ; deorum beiieficium festinatione, Cic. ; b,
to anticipate, forestall; hostium consilia, Cic.
praerodo -rodi -rosum, to gnaw in front, to
gnaw off, bite through, Hor.
praerogativns -a -um (praerogo, to ask
beforeluind), asked before others (for vote, opinion,
etc.). I. Lit., polit. t. t., voting first, voting
before others; centurja praerogativa, and gen.
subst., praerogativa -ae, f. the century to
which the lot. fell of voting first in the comitia,
Cic. ; praerogativam referre, Cic. ; hence, omen
praerogativae, the omen given by the nameyfjhe
prerogative century, Cic II. praerogativa
-ae, f. A. a previous choice, Liv. B. a sure sign,
indication, presage; triumphi, Cic; voluntatis,
Cic.
praerumpo -rupi -ruptum, 3. to break off,
tear off in front ; funes, Caes.
praerupius -a -um, p. adj.(from praerumpo),
broken off. I. Lit., of places, steep, precipitous,
overhanging; saxa, Cic; mons, Verg. Plur.
subst., praerupta -orum, n. precipices, Liv.
II. Transf., juvenis animo praeruptus, violent,
Tac. ; dominatio, stern, severe, Tac.
praes, praedis, m. (praevideo). I. a surety,
security ; praedem esse pro aliquo, Cic; praedes
dare, Cic. II. Meton., the property of the
security; ne L. P,ancus praedes tuos venderet,
c;<\
praeDaepes (prasaepis) -is, f., prac-
saepe is, n., 'and piacsaepium -ii, n.
prae
435
prae
(praesaepio), an indosure. I. a crib, manger,
Ov. , transf., certum praesaepe, contemptuously—
table, Hor. II. a stall, Verg. ; transf., prae-
saepibus arcent, from the laves, Verg. ; in prae-
saepibus, in low houses, Cic.
praesaepio -saepai -saeptum, 4. to block vp
in front; oiunem ailitum, Cic.
praesagio, 4. I, to presage, forebode, have
a presentiment of; praesagire, id est, futura ante
sentire, Cic. ; quasi praesagiret, Cic. ; de fine
belli, Liv. II. Transf., to foreshow, predict,
Lucr.
praesagitio -onis, f. (praesagio), a premoni-
tion, foreboding, presentiment, Cic.
praesagium -ii, n. (praesagio). I. a presage,
presentiment, foreboding ; maloruin, Tac. II.
Transf., a prediction, prophesying ; Tiberii de
Servio Galba, Tac.
praesagus -a -um. I. presaging, foreboding;
pectora, Ov. ; with genit., mens praesaga inali,
Verg. II. Transf., predicting; fulmeu, Verg.;
verba, Ov.
praesdSCO -scivi, 3. to learn, find out before-
hand; praesciscere quam quisque eoruni pro-
vinciam, queiu hostein haberet volebat, Liv.
praesciUS -a -um. knowing beforehand, pre-
scient; corda, Verg.; with genit., periculoruin,
Tac.
praescribo -seripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to
write before, set before in writing; 1, lii;., sibi
nomeiijVerg. ; auctoritates praescriptae, the >iames
of senators contained in a decree of the senate, Cic;
2, transf., to put forward or take as a pretext,
Tac. II. to write down for imitation. A. to
prescribe, ordain, define, direct beforehand; jura
eivibus, Cic. ; ne quid ageret, Cic. B. to draw
up an outline of, Tac.
praescriptio -onis, f. (praescribo). I. Lit.,
a writing before; hence, meton., a title, inscrip-
tion, preamble, introduction; legis, Cic. II.
Transf., 1, a precept, rule, order ; rationis, Cic. ;
2, limitation ; in liac praescriptione semihorae,
Cic. ; 3, a pretext ; honesta, Cic. ; hence, legal
t. t., an objection, demurrer, Cic.
praescriptum -i, n. (praescribo), tlxat which
is written down. I. Lit., A. « prescribed limit;
intra pracscriptuui equitare, Hor. II. Fig., an
order, a precept, rule; legum,-Cic.
praeseco -secui -secattun and -sectuin, 1. to
cut in front ; crines, Caes. ; fig., carmen prae-
suctum, pruned down, Hor.
praesens -entis (praesum). I. Gen., pre-
sent, in person, at hand ; quo praesente, in whose
presence, Cic. ; praesens tecum egi, in person,
Cic. ; in praeseuti (sc. tempore), now, Cic. ; in
praesens tempus, for the present time, Cic.
Subst., praesentia -luin, n. the present, Ov. II.
1, on the spot, immediate, momentary, not delayed;
poena, immediately following the offence, Cic. ;
decretum, passed instantly, Liv.; 2, immediately
efficacious, effective, powerful; auxilium, Cic. ;
memoria praeseutior.more vivid, Liv.; with infin.,
praesens imo tollere de gradu, with power to, Hor. ;
3. open, visible; ora, Verg.; transf., insidiae,
plain, Cic. ; 4, pressing, urgent; jam praesentior
res erat, Liv. ; 5, of character, resolute, deter-
mined; animus, Cic; 6, present, aiding, propi-
tious ; deus, Cic.
praesensio -onis, f. (praesentio), a presenti-
ment, foreboding, premonition ; rerum futurarum,
Cic.
praesentia -ae, f. (praesens). I. presence ;
alieuius, Cic. ; animi, presence of mi}id, determi-
nation, courage, Caes., Cic. ; in praesentia, for
the present, now, at present, Cic. II. impression,
effect; veri. Ov, -
praesentio -sensi -sensuin, 4. to feel or
perceive beforehand, to luive a presentiment or
premonition; aniiuo providere et praesentire,
Caus. ; futura, Cic.
praesepes, etc. = praesaepes, etc. (q.v.).
praesepio = praesaepio (q.v.).
praesertim, adv. especially, chiefly; prae-
sertim quuin and quum praesertim, Cic. ; prae-
sertim si, Cic. ; praesertim quod, Cic.
praeses -sidis, c. (praesideo), sitting before
(i.e., to protect, takecareof) ; hence, I. protecting;
usually subst., a protector, protectress ; rcipub-
licae, Cic ; temnlorum, Cic. II. a chief, ruler,
president; praeses belli, goddess of war (of
Minerva), Verg. ; praeside pendet ab uno, Ov.
praesidens -eutis, m. (praesideo), a presi-
dent, ruler, Tac.
praesideo -sedi -sessum, 2. (prae and sedeo).
A. to sit before, protect, guard ; with dat., huic
imperio, Cic ; urbi, Liv. ; foribus caeli (of
Janus), Ov. ; with ace, Galliae litus, Tac. B.
to preside over, mawge, direct, govern; rebus
urbanis, Caes. ; orbi terrarum, Cic. ; with ace,
exercituin, Tac.
praesidiarius -a -um (praesidium), serving
as a guard or protection ; milites, Liv.
praesidium -ii, n. (praeses), a sitting before ;
hence, I. Lit., protection, defence; a, alicui esse
praesidio, Cic ; b, milit. 1. 1., a guard, patrol,
escort; legiones quae praesidio impediments
erant, Caes. II. Meton., A. that which defends,
protection, help; a, classis praesidium proviu-
ciae, Cic. ; b, milit. t. t., the soldiers who form
the guard; praesidium agitare, to set guards,
Liv. ; praesklia in urbes iuducere, Cic. ; fig., in
praesidio collocatus, Cic. B. a place occupied
by a garrison or guard, post, camp, fortification ;
quum legio praesidium occupavisset, Caes. ; in
praesidiis esse, Cic ; praesidium coinmunire,
Liv. ; fig., de praesidio et statione vitae deced-
ere, Cic. C. help, assistance, support ; magnum
sibi praesidium ad beatam vitam comparare,
Cic
praesignifioo, 1. to signify, announce be-
forehand; hominibus futura, Cic. ■■ ■
praesignis -e (signuui), distinguished, re-
markable before others, Ov.
praesono -sQnui, 1. to sound forth, resound,
Ov.
pracspargo, 3. to scatter, strew before,
Lucr.
praostabilis -e (praesto), distinguished, pre-
eminent, remarkable; res niagnitudine prae-
stabiles, Cic. ; melius fuisse et praestabilius me
civem in hac civitate nasci, Cic ; nullam dig-
nitatem praestabiliorem, Cic.
praestans -antis, p. adj. (from praesto), ex-
cellent, distiJiguished, preeminent; a, of persons,
gen. with abh, or in with the abl., homo prud-
entia praestans, Cic; Aristoteles longe omnibus
praestans et ingenio et diligentia, Cic. ; virgini-
bus praestantior omnibus, Ov. ; in illis artibus
praestantissimus, Cic. ; b, of things, praestauti
et singulari fide, Cic. ; praestanti corpore Nyni-
phae, Verg.
praestantia -ae, f. (praestans), superiority,
excellence ; si quam praestantiam virtutis, in-
genii, fortunae consecuti sunt, Cic. ; mentis,
Cic.
praestemo, 3. to strew, spread before, Plaut.
praestes -stltis, c. (2. praesto} — praeses,
a tutelary, protecting deity; Lares, Ov.
praestigla -ae, f., usually plur., praes-
tiglao -arum, f. (prae:tringo), deception, illusion,
jugijliittj; yijrbonim, Cic. _„• -
prae
436
prae
praestituo -stitui -stltutum. 3. (statuo), to
prescribe, appoint beforehand ; teuipus alicui,
Cic. ; diem open, Cic.
1. praestd, adv. (from praestus = praesitus,
as repostus = repositus), present, at hand,
hrre, ready; gen. with esse, to be at hand, to
show oneself, to appear, with the notion of, to
attend or to wait upon, to be at one's service;
alicui, to appear to help one at a court of law,
Cic; quaestores consulibus ad ministeria belli
praesto essent, Liv. ; praesto esse virtutes ut
nneillulas, Cic; fig., praesto esse, to serve;
alicui, Cic; saluti tuae, Cic.
2. praesto -stlti -stitum afld -statum -statii-
rus, 1. I. In transit., to stand, before, e.rcel, be
distinguished; inter suos, Cic ; aliqua re, Cic. ;
with dat. or ace of person, to surpass, excel;
alicui, Cic. ; alicui aliqua re, Cic. ; aliquem
aliquS re, Liv. ; praestat used impers., it is
better, it is preferable; with Infin., praestat in
tandem recldere fortunam, Cic ; with quain,
niori millies praestitit, quam haec pati, Cic
II. Transit., to become surety or guarantee for.
answer for, be responsible fur. A. Lit., Mes-
sallam Caesari, Cic ; damnum emptori, Cic ; a
. vi, from violence, Cic; de me, Cic; with ace
and infin., nullos (praedones) fore quis praestare
poterat, Cic. B. Transf., a, to perform, do,
execute, fulfil; suuni niunus, Cic; oRicium,
Caes. ; b, to keep, hold; fidem, to keep one's word,
Cic. ; c, to preserve ; socios salvos, Cic ; rem-
publicam, Cic; d, to show, manifest, exhibit;
benevolentiam, Cic. ; se, with ace of predicate,
to show oneself, behave oneself as; se iuvictum,
Ov. ; praesta te euin, Cic; e, to give, evince;
honorem debitum patri, to shoiv proper respect,
Cic; sententiam, to give one's opinion, Cic
praestoior, 1. dep. (connected with 1.
praesto), to wait for, expect ; with dat., tibi ad
forum Aurelium, Cic; with ace, huius adven-
tum ad Clupeain, Cic
praestringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. I. to
bind Uft, tie up; faucem laqueo, Ov. ; pollices
nodo, Tac. II. to make blunt; aoiem oculorum,
to weaken, darken, Liv.; oculos, Cic; fig.,
aciem aninii or mentis, Cic.
praestruo -struxi -structuin, 3. I. to build
in front, construct before; hence, to block up,
render impassable ; aditum moutis, Ov. II. to
prepare, make ready for anything ; fraus fidem
sib! in parvis praestruit, procures for itself credi-
bility in little things, Liv.
praesul -stllis, c one who jumps or dances
before others, a dancer, Cic
pracsultator -Oris, in. (praesulto), one who
dances before others, a dancer, Liv.
praesulto, 1. (prae and salio), tolcap, spring
before, Liv.
praeBlim -fiii -esse, to be before. I. to be
over, be placed over, preside over; a, sacris, Cic. ;
navi faciendae, Cic ; b, to be placed over, to
govern; populo, Cic; magistrate, to preside
as a magistrate, Cic ; c, milit. t. t., to command ;
exercitui, Caes.; in Bruttiis, Liv. II. Transf.,
to be the chief jierson, to take the lead in ; tenieri-
tati T. Gracchi, Cic. ; illi crudclitati, Cic.
praesumo -smnpsi -sumptum, 3. to take
beforehand. I. remedia, Tac ; domi dapes, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, to enjoy beforehand, toantidpate ;
fortunam principatfis, Tac. ; 2, a, to imagine,
represent to oneself beforehand ; spe praesumite
bellum, Verg. ; praesumptum habere, to suppose,
take for granted, Tac. ; b, to assume, presume,
suppose, conjecture, believe, Tac
praesumptus -a -urn, p. adj. (from prae-
Bumo), taken for granted, presumed; suspicio, a
preconceived suspicion, Tac.
praesuo -sutus, 3. t« sew up, to cover,
conceal; praesuta foliis hasta, Ov.
praetempto = praetento (q.v.).
praetendo -tend! -tentum, 3. I. to stretch
out before, extend backwards; hastas dextris,
Vcrg. ; ramum olivac nianu, Verg.; poet., nee
conjugis uinquaiii praetendi tucdas, i.e., nei'er
(aid claim to lawful wedlock, Verg. II. to place
before, hold, spread before. A. 1, lit., saepein
segeti, Verg.; 2, transf., to place before; ser-
nionem decreto, Liv.; hence, praetendi, of places,
to lie before or in front; praetentaque Syrtibus
arva, Verg. ; absol., tenue praetentum lit us esse,
Liv. B. Fig., to hold before as a pretext, pre-
tend ; hominis doctissimi uomen tuis immanibus
et barbaris moribus, allege in excuse for, Cic;
aliquid seditioni, Liv.
praetento (praetempto), 1. to feel, try,
test beforehand. A. Lit., iter baculo, Ov. B.
Fig., vires, Ov.
praetSpesco -tgprti, 3. to glow beforehand ;
tig., si praetepuisset amor, Ov.
praeter (from prae and suffix -ter, like inter,
propter). I. Adv., A. With negatives, more
than, except, with exception of; nil praeter canua
fuit, Ov. B. more than. ; foil, by quam, praeter
sapit quam, etc., Plaut. II. Prep, with ace,
A. Of space, past, by, beyond; praeter cist 1 a
Caesaris suas copias transduxit, Caes.; praeter
oculos Lollii haec omnia ferebaut, before the eyes
of, Cic. B. Transf., 1, beyond, beside, contrary
to; praeter spein, Liv.; praeter niodum, beyond
measure, Cic ; praeter opinionem, Cic. ; praeter
naturam, Cic; 2, beyond, more than; praeter
ceteros laborare, Cic. ; 3, except, with the excep-
tion of; omnes praeter Hortensium, Cic. ; with
preceding negatives, nihil praeter suuinnegotiuin
agere, Cic. ; hence, sometimes = besides, in ad*
dition to, v:ith ; nuni quid aliud ferret praeter
arcaiu? Cic. ; ut praeter se denos adduceret,
Caes.
praeteragO, 3. to drive past, drive by;
equum, Hor.
praeterea (praeter and abl. ea). I. besides,
beyond this, further, Cic. II. henceforth, here-
after, Verg.
praetereo -ivi and oftener -li -itum -ire.
I. Intrausit., to go by, pass by ; unda praeteriit,
Ov. ; of time, to pass, elapse; hora, Ov. II.
Transit, to go by, pass by. A. GeD., 1, hortos,
Cic; of time, in pass, partie, praeteritus
-a -iim, past, Cic. ; praeterita -orum, n. the
past, Cic; 2, tig., a, to escape the notice of, be
unknown to ; non me praeterit, / am not unaware,
Cic; b, (a) to pass, omit; nullum genus cru-
delitatis praeterire, leave unpractised , Cic. ; tit
nulla fere pars orationis silentio praeteiiretur,
(cos unapplauded, Cic; ((3) to omit, not to men-
tion; cables praetereo, libidines praetereo, Cic. ;
esp., of the Censor, not to read the name of a
senator at the census (to publish his expulsion from
the senate); quatuor praeteriti sunt, Liv.; (y) to
forget to do ; foil, by quin and subj., praeterire
non potui quin scriberem ad te, Cic. ; (5) to omit,
leave out, take no notice, of, pass over, in presents,
legacies, etc ; Philippns et Marcellus praeter-
euntur, are passed by, get nothing, Caes. ; till um
fratris (in a will), Cic B. Esp., 1 ? to puss in a
race, outstrip; jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit
illos, Verg. ; 2, fig., to surpass; virtus tua alios
praeterit, Ov.
praeterequito, 1. to rule past, ride by,
Liv.
praeterfero -tilli -latum -ferre, to carry
past; pass., praeterferri, to be carried past, to
Jlow, drive, go past, Liv.
praetcrfluo, 3. to flow past, flow by; moenic,
prae
437
prae
Liv.; fig., nec'p..ieteritam (voluptatem) praeter-
fluere sinere, vanish from tlie recollection, Cic.
praetergredior -gressua sum, 3. dep.
(praeter and gredior), to pass by, go beyond ;
castra, Cic. ; primos suns, Sail.
praetcritus -a -uin, partic. of praetereo.
praeterlabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. I. to
gli<ie by, flow by ; tumulum, Verg. ; tellurem, to
sail by, Lucr. II. Fig., to slip away; ante
cnim (definitio) praeterlabitnr quam percepta
est, Cic.
praetermeo, 1. to pctss by, go by, Lucr.
praetermissio -onis, f. (praetermitto). I.
a leavi)uj out, omission ; sine ullius (fonnae)
praetermissione, Cic. II. a passing over, ne-
glecting : aedilitatis, Cic.
praetermitto -niisi -missom, 3. to let pass.
A. Lit., neminem, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to let
pass time, opportunity, etc. ; diem, Cic. ; occas-
iones, Caes. ; 2, to neglect, omit ; gratulationem,
Cic. ; defensionem, Cic. ; non or nihil piaeter-
mittere, foil, byquin, or nihil practermittere, foil,
by qnouiinus, Cic. ; 3, in writing or speaking, to
pass over, omit; quod dignum memoria visum,
praetermittendum non existimavimus, Caes. ;
verba, Cic. ; tantam rem negligenter, Liv. ; 4,
to overlook, let pass unpunished, Liv.
praeterquam, adv. except, Cic. ; praeter-
qnam quod, except that, Cic. ; praeterquam . . .
etiam, Liv. ; nihil praeterquam, Liv.
praetervectio -onis, f. (praetervehnr), a
passing by, travelling past; in praetervectione
omnium, Cic.
praetervehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. I. to
ride by, sail by, be carried past, Cic. ; naves
Apolloniam praetervectae, Caes. ; classis prae-
tervehens, Liv. ; praetervehens equo, Liv.; lig.,
locum cum silentio, pass by in silence, Cic. ;
oratio aures vestras praetervecta est, Cic. II,
Of soldiers, to.nw.rch past, Tac.
praetervolo, 1. to fly past. I. Lit., quern
praetervolat ales, Cic. II. Fig., to slip by,
escape ; praetervolat nurnerus, Cic. ; occasionis
opportunitas praetervolat, Cic.
praetexo -texiii -textum, 3. I. to weave
before, form an edge, border, fringe; 1, lit.,
purpura saepe tuos fulgens praetexit aniictus,
Ov. ; toga or tunica purpura praetexta, Liv. ; or
simply toga praetexta, Cic. ; or subst., prae-
texta -ae, f. an upper garment, bordered with
purple, worn by the magistrates at Rome and in
the Italian munieipia and coloniae, and by free-
born children, till they assumed the toga virilis,
Cic. ; hence, meton., praetexta -ae, f. (sc.
fabula), a Roman national tragedy, Hor. ; 2,
transf., a, to provide with a border, adorn; to
yrovide, furnish with ; omnia lenioribus principiis
natura praetexuit; b, to fringe; cover; pnppea
pmetexnnt litora, Verg.; fig., to cover, conceal;
culpam nomine conjugii, Verg.; c, to atlorn;
Augusto prae textum nomine templum, Ov. II.
to put forward as a pretext ; eupiditatein tri urn-
phi, Cic.
praetexta, v. praetexo.
praetextatus -a -uin (praetexta, from
praetexo). I. clad in tin praetexta, Cic. II.
licentious; inures, Juv.
praetextum -i, n. (praextexo), a pretence,
pretext, Tac.
praetextus -ii, m. (praetexo). I. outward
appearance, consideration, conse<iuence, Tac. II.
a pretext ; sub levi verborum piiietextn, Liv.
praotingo -tinctus, 3. to dip in or moisten
beforehand, Ov.
praetor -Oris, m. (for praeitor, from praeeo),
lit., one who goes before; hence, leader, chief.
Hence, I. In civil business, the praetor ; used of
the chief magistrate at Capua, Cic. ; of the
Suffetj's at Carthage, Nep. ; of the consul at
Rome (also called praetor maxiuius), Liv. ; at
Rome, esp., one of the praetors, the Roman
magistrates who administered justice (urig. two,
the praetor urbanus and the praetor peregrinus,
of whom the former was judge in disputes
between Roman citizens, the latter in disputes
between foreigners and between Roman citizens
and foreigners) ; praetor is also used for pro-
praetor, a magistrate who, after lie had been
praetor, was sent as a governor to a province ;
praetor primus, the praetor who headed the poll,
Cic. II. To translate Gr. orpanjyos, a com-
mander of the army of a non-Roman nation,
Cic.
praetorianus -a -urn (praetorium), belong-
ing to the imperial body-gitard, praetorian, Tac. ;
plur. subst., praetorian! -orum, in. the prae-
torian guard, Tac.
praetorium, v. praetorius.
praetorius -a -urn (praetor). I. Adj., A.
relating to the praetor, praetorian; a, of the
praetor at Rome, comitia, election of the praetor,
Liv. ; jus, administered by the praetor, Cic. ;
potestas, office of praetor, Cic. ; b, relating to a
praetor or propraetor in the provinces; domus,
dwelling of a propraetor, Cic. B. relating to «
general or commander, Cic; navis, the admiral's
ship, Liv. ; imperiuin, command of the fleet, Cic. ;
porta, the gate of the camp near the general's tent,
Caes.; Conors praetoria ; (a) the general's body-
guard, Caes. ; ironically, scortatoruni praetoria
cohors, Cic; (/3) (in imperial Rome) the emperor's
body-guard, the praetorian guard, Tac. II.
Subst, A. praetorium -ii, n. 1, the official
residence of the praetor or propraetor in a province,
Cic. ; hence, transf., a palace, Juv. ; 2, the chiej
place in a Roman camp, where the geiieral's tent
was, and where the ara, the augurale, and the
tribunal were, to whichthe soldiers were summoned
to hear speeches from the general, the officers to hold
a council of war ; lit celeriter concursus in prae-
torium, Caes. ; praetorium mittere, dimittere,
to dismiss the council of war, Liv. ; poet,, the cell
of the queen-bee, Verg. ; 3, the imperial body-
guard, Tac. B. praetorius -ii, m. (sc. vir), a
jxist praetor, Cic.
praetrepido, 1. to tremble exceedingly, to
be hasty or impatient; praetrepidans, hasty, Cat,
praetura -ae, f. (praetor), l.theoffice, dignity
of a praetor at Rome ; praeturS se abdicare, Cic.
II. = o-Tpa-niyCa, the dignity of a general in Greece,
Cic
Praetutli -Grum, m. a people in Italy, in
Picenum. Adj., Praetutianus -a -urn, Prae-
tutian; ager, Liv.
praeumbro, 1. to oversliadow; fig., to ob-
scure, Tac.
praevalens -entis, partic. of praevaleo
(q.v.).
praeuro -nasi -ustum, 3. to burn at the end
or tip; hnsta praeusta, Liv. ; stipites ab summo
praeacuti et praeusti, Caes.
praevaleo -valni, 2. I, to be physically
strong; praevalens juvenis RomanUs, Liv. II.
Transf., to be very strong or pov'erful, to hate
great influence, to be stronger, tr have more influ-
ence than others, to prevail, to get the upper hand ;
praevalens populus, Liv. ; praevalet piignii
equestri, to lie stronger in, Tac.
praevalidus -a -uin. I. Lit., very strong.
very powerful; juvenis, Liv. II. Fig., a, of
persons, etc., Blaesus, Tac. ; urbs, Liv. ; b, of
things, terra, too fertile, too productive, Verg.
prae
4:3$
pre
praevaricatio -onis, f. (praevaricor), a vio-
lation of duty; esp. of an advocate who lias an
understanding with the opposite party, coHh-
sion, Cie.
praevarieator -oris, m. (praevaricor), one
who violates his duty, esp. of an advocate,
accuser, etc., one who has a secret understanding
with the ojrposite party, a double dealer; prae-
varieator signiflcat eum qui in contrariis causis
quasi vaiie esse positns videatur, Cic,
praevaricor, l. dep. (varico). I. Lit., to go
crooked, walk crookedly, Plin. II. Fig., to play
a false or double part ; esp. of an advocate or
accuser who has. a secret understanding with
the other side, to be guilty of collusion, Cic.
praevarus -a -um, very perverse, Cic.
praevehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. to ride or
be carried before, in front, past ; praevectU9 equo,
riding past, Verg., Liv.
praevenlo -veni -ventolin, 4. to come before,
anticipate, get the start of; liostis breviore via
praeventurus erat, Liv.; with ace, hosteni,
Liv. ; morte praeventus, overtaken by death, Liv.
praeverro, 3. to sweep or brush before ; veste
vias, Ov.
praeverto (praevorto) -verti(-vorti) -ver-
stun (vorsuin), 8. and praevertor -verti, 3.
dep. I. to undertake before ; quod hllie sermoni
praevertendnm, Cic. II. to go before, run before,
outstrip. A. Lit.., ventos, Verg. B. Fig., 1, to
anticipede ; with ace = <o hinder, make of ?m
avail; quorum iisum opportnnitas praevertit,
Liv.; 2, to lay hold of before, preoccupy; prae-
vertere aninios aniore, Verg. ; 3, to be of more
importance, to surpass, to be weightier ; ncc posse
bello praevertisse quidquam, Liv. ; 4, (dep.
praevertor only in present forms) ; a, to turn
to first, to take more notice of; ilhic piacvcrtamur,
Hor. ; b, to go to, make a visit to ; in Thessaliain,
Liv.
praevldco -vidi -visum, 2. to see before, fore-
see. I. Physically, ictum venientem, Verg. II.
Transf., respublica quam pracvideo in summis
perlculis, Cic.
praevltio, 1. to corrupt or vitiate beforehand ;
gurgitem, Ov.
praevius -a -um (prae and via), going before,
preceding, Ov.
praevolo, 1. to fly before; praevolantes
grues, Cic.
pragmaticus -a -um (7rpay,iaTocd?), skilled
in civil affairs, state business, etc. ; pragmatic!
homines, Cic. ; subst., pragmatious -i, m.
a person who sullied orators and advocates with
materials for their speeches, Cic.
prandeo, prandi, pransum, 2. (prandium),
to take breakfast, to breakfast, Cic. ; with ace, to
breakfast on ; olus, lnscinias, Hor,
prandium -Ii, n. (conn, with Dor. np&v =
vpoinv), a late breakfast, or lunch, taken about
noon, of bread, fish, mid meat, etc. ; prandium
(alicui)dare, Cic; aliquem ad prandium iuvitaie,
Cic.
pransus -a -um (prandeo), having lunched ;
curatus et pransus (of soldiers), ready for
action, prepared for battle, Liv.; pransus, potus,
having eaten and drunk well, Cic.
pratcnr.is -e (pratnm), of or relating to a
meadow, graving in a meadow; fungus, Hor.
pratulum -i, n. (dim. of pratum), a little
meadow, Cic.
pratum -i, n. I. a meadow : pratorum
viiiditas, Cic. II. Meton., meadow-grass, Ov.
prave, adv. (pravus), lit., crookedly ; hence,
ill, wrongly, Cic.
pravitas -atis, f. (pravus). I. crookedness,
irregularity, deformity; membrormn, Cic. ; oris,
a distortion of the mouth in. speaking, Cic. II.
Transf., A. irregularity, impropriety, Cic. B.
moral irregularity, wickedness, pervevsity,pruvity;
mentis, Cic. ; consilium, Liv.
pravus -a-um, crooked, irregular, misshapen.
deformed. I. Lit., membra, Cic. II. Transf.]
morally crooked, perverse, improper, wrong ;
atfectio, Cic. ; pravissima regula, Cic
Praxiteles -is and -i, m. (Upa^reXn^), a
SCXdptor of Athens, especial! y famous for his statues
of Aphrodite at Cnidus and of Eros at Thespiae.
Hence, adj., Fraxitelius -a -um, of Praxi-
teles.
precario, adv. (precarius), by entreaty; rog-
are, Cic
precarius -a -um (precor), legged for, asked
for, obtained by entreaty. I. libertas, Liv. ; orare
precariam opem, Liv." II. Transf., uncertain,
insecure, precarious ; forma, Ov. ; imperium, Tac.
precatio -onis, f. (precor), a begging, en-
treating, request, prayer; ilia sollemnis comiti-
orum precatio, Cic
preces, v. prex.
preciae (pretiae) -arum, f. a kind of vine,
Verg.
precor (praecor), l. dep. (prex), to beg,
entreat, request, pray, invoke. I. Gen., (a) with
ncc. of pers., deos, Cic ; ()3) with ace of thing,
opem, Liv. ; haec precatus sum, Cic. ; (y) with
ut or ne, or ut ne or non precor, foil, by quo-
minus and subj., precor ab diis ut, etc., Cic;
(6) absol., emu sororem dedisse Prusiae precanti
atque oranti, Liv.; used also of things, dextra
precans, Verg. II. to wish good or evil; bene
precai'i, Liv. ;_male precari, Cie. 5 precari alicui,
to curse, n person, Cic. (partic, precantia, three
syllables, Verg.).
prohendo, priihondi, prehensum, 3. and
syncop., prendo, prendi, prensum (prae and
HENDO, \avSdvio), to lay hold of, seize hold of,
catch. I. aliquem mann, Cic; of the soil, tellus
preliendit stirpes, Cic II. Esp., A. to lay hold
of, to catch, detain, in order to speak to a per-
son ; aliquem, Cic. B. to catch, detect in any
act; in furto, Plant. C. to seize violently, to
tal;e hasty possession of; Pharum, Caes. D.
Meton., to reach; bras Italiae, Verg.; quum ip-
stim ea moderantem et regentem paene pren-
derit, observed, Cic.
- prehenso, and oftener prenso (intens, of
prehendo), 1. to lay hold of, seize. I. manus,
Liv. II. Esp., A. to lay hold of a person in
order to speak to him, to make a. request, etc. ;
genua, Tac. ; veteranos, Liv. B. '0 canvass for '
an office; homines, Liv.; patres, Liv.; absol.,'
prensat Galba, Cic.
prelum -i, n. (premo), a wine-press, olive-
press, Verg.
premo, pressi, pressum, 3. to press. I. Gen.-,
1, a, lit., ad pectora nntos, Verg. ; vestigia
aliCUlUS, to follow in any one's footsteps, Tac;
frena dente, to champ, Ov. ; b, fig., necessitas
rum premebat, Cic. ; premi acre alieno, Cic ;
2, transf., a, to touch; litus, Hor.; insulain
pi emit amnis, sitrroundi, Ov. ; b, to hold ; frena
mann, Ov. ; c, locum, to be often- in a place,
frequent; forum, Cic; so to press with the body,
lie. on ; huniuni, Ov. ; ebur, poet.= the eurule
chair of ivory, Ov.; d, to cover, conceal; canitiem
raleS premiums, Verg.; ossa, ^0 bury, Ov. ; fig.,
(a) to bury, wrap; me pressit alta quies, Verg.;
(/3) to conceal, suppress ; curam sub corde, Verg. ;
e, to make something by pressing ; caseuni, Verg. ;
lac. to moke cheesf, Verg. ; f, to press hard, to
pursue closely, uress upon; hostes, Caes.; op-
pre
439
pri
pidum obeidione, Caes.; cevvumad ietia, to drive
into the nets, Verg.; tig., to pursue until words;
aliqiiem, Cic ; aliquemcrimiiiibus,Ov. ;g,*o lade,
to load ; carinae pressae,Verg. II. A. to press in;
dcntes in vite, Ov.; presso vestigio, Cic; transf.,
to marl; rem nota, ,Ov. B. a, to extinguish;
igneni, Verg.; b, to press out ; oleum, Hor. C.
to press down ; a, lit., (a) enrriun, Ov.; aulaeuiu
premitur, Hor.; (p) to plant; virgulta per agros,
Verg.; (y) io strike to the ground; ties famulus,
Verg.; b, tig., (a) to slander, depreciate; aliqnem,
Liv. ; hnmana omnia, to despise, Cic. ; (/3) to
surpass; facta premant annos, Ov.; M to rule,
keep within bounds; populos ditione, verg. D.
to press together; a, alicui fauces, Ov. ; colluni
laqueo, Hor. ; b, to draw in ; liabenas, Verg. ;
equos currcntes, to check, Verg.; c, to pare down,
prune; umbram falce, Verg.; fig., to shorten;
quae dilatantur a nobis, Zp.no sic preme.bat, Cic.
E. to hold back ; cursum, to check, Cic; vocein,
to be silent, Verg.
prendo — prehendo (q.v.).
prensatio -onis, f. (prenso), the canvassing
for an office, Cic.
prenso — prehenso (q.v.).
presse, adv. (pressus), a, of pronunciation,
not broadly, neatly; presse et aequabiliter et
leniter, Cic; b, of style, briefly, concisely;
dicere, Cic; c, accurately, precisely; pressins
agere, Cic.
pressio -onis, f. (preino), in plur., props,
stays, Caes.
presso, 1. (inlens. of premo), to press ; maim
brachia, Ilor. ; libera, to milk, Ov.
1. pressus -a -wu, p. adj. (from preino). I.
Lit., slow, measured; presso gradn, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, 'measured; of pronunciation, slow,
controllcl, moderate; soni, Cic; 2, short, con-
cise; oratio. Cic. ; orator, -Cic. ; 3, accurate, pre-
cise; Tbuoydidca verbis pressus, Cic.
2. pressus -us, m. (premo), a pressing, pres-
sure; ponderuin, Cic
prestei' -eris, m. (TrprfTrrip), a Jiery whirl-
wind, Lucr.
pretiose, adv. (pretiosus), in a costly man-
ner, splendidly, magnificently; vasa pretiose
eaelata, Cic
pretiosus -a -um (pretium). I. costly, pre-
cious, of great valve; equus, Cic; fulvo preti-
osior acre, Ov. ; res pretiosissimae, Cic. II.
Transf., A. costly, high-priced, dear, Prop. B.
txtravagant, giving a high jvicc for a thing;
emptor, Hor.
pretium -li, n. (root PRET, *paa, <t>pi&),
worth, value, price. I. Lit. and fig., 1, lit.,
pretium constitiiere, to fix the price, Cic. ; pret-
ium habere, to be worth something, Cic. ; so esse
in pretio, Liv.; parvi pretii esse, Cic; 2, fig.,
operae eorom pretium facere, to prize, Liv. II.
Transf., A. money; pretio emere, for money,
Cic; esp., ransom-money ; pactum pro capite
pretium, Cic. B. wages, pay ; a, manus, Cic ;
tig., operae pretium est, or videtur, with iiilin..
it is worth the. while, Cic ; b, prize, reward ;
eertainiiiis, Ov. ; riullo satis digno morae pretio
tempus ternnt, Liv.; c, pay = punishment ; et
peccare nefas, aut pretium est inori, Hor. ; d,
bribe; adduci pretio ad homiiiein condciiinand-
uni, Cic.
prex, precis, only in dat., ace, and aid.,
gen. plur., pieces, precuni, f. u request, entreaty.
I. Cen., preces adhibcre, Cic; piece uuinili,
Cic. ; omnibus precibus petera or orare lit, etc,
Caes., Cic. II. Esp., a, prayer; eoruiu preces
ac vota, Cic; b, a curse, execration; omnibus
precibus detestari aliquem, Caes.; c, a wish;
damus alternas accipimusque preces, Ov.
Priamus -i, m. (ITpia/uo?). I. the last ling
of Troy, husband of Hecuba, father of Paris,
Hector, Cassandra, etc. Hence, A. Priameis
-idis, f. a daughter of Priam, Cassandra, Ov. B.
Priamides -ae, m. a son of Priam, S'erg. C.
Adj., Priameius -a -um, belonging to Priam;
liospes, Paris, Ov. ; conjux, Hecuba, Ov. II.
grandson of foregoing,' son of PolittS.
Priapus (-5s) -i, in. (ilpiaTros), the god cf
gardens and vineyards, the god of fertility, orfg.
worshipped at Lampsacus.
pridem, adv. (from old foam pris, whence
prior, pridie and -dein). I. long ago, long since;
jam pridem, long ago, Cic ; non ita pridem, not
very long ago, Cic. II. formerly, Cic.
pridie, adv. (from old form pris, whence
prior, pridem and dies), on the day before yester-
day ; with ace. or genit. of the day from wbicli
the reckoning is taken, or foil, by quain, pridie
eum diem, Cic. ; pridie eius diei, Cic. ; pridio
quam Athenas veni, Cic.
Priene -es, f. (Jlpirivrf), a sea-port in, Ionia,
birthplace of Bias, now Hamsun Kalesi.
primaevus -a -um (primus and aevuin),
young, youthful ; Helenor, Verg.
primanus -a -um (primus), belonging to the
first legion. Subst., pnmaui -orum, m. sol-
diers of the first legion, Tac
primarius -a -um (primus), in the first rank,
excellent, distinguished ; vir populi, Cic.
primigenius -a um (primna and geno
= gigno), original, primitive, Varr. Subst.,
Primigenia -ac, f. « surname of the goddess
Fortune, Cic.
primigenus -a -um (primna and geno =
gigno), original, primitive, Lucr.
primipilaris -is, m. (primipilus), the cen-
turion of the first maniple of the triarii.
primipilus, v. pilna. *
primitiae -arum, f. (primus), first-fruits,
Ov. ; transf., metallorum, the minerals first taken
out. of a mine, Tac.; spolia et primitiae, first-
fruits of victory, Verg.
primitus, adv. first, for the first time, Lucr.
primo, adv. (primus), firstly, at first, in the
beginning; primo . . . dein or deinde, Cic;
primo . . . post, Liv. ; quum primo, as soon as,
primor -oris (primus), the first. I. the
foremost part, tip. rvd ; primori in acie
versari, Tac. ; sumere aiiquid digitalis duobus
primoribus, with the tips of the fingers, Plant.;
aiiquid primoribus labris attingere, or gustare,
to touch with the lips, i.e., to treat superficially,
Cic. Subst., primores, the foremost (milit 1. 1.);
quum primores caderent, Liv. II. Transf., the
first in rank, most distinguished ; juventus, Liv.
Subst., primores -um, ra. the most illustrious;
civitatis, Liv.
primordium -ii, n. (primus and ordior),
the first beginning, ccmnnenctrment, origin; urbis,
Liv. Plur., primoidia renin), Cic.
primum, adv. (primus). I. first, firstly, at
first; foil, by deinde,- turn, etc., Cic. II. for
the. first time ; quo die primum convocati suiniis,
Cic. III. With ut, ubi, quam, simulac, as soon
as, Cic. ; quam primum, as soon as jiossible, Cic.
primus, v. prior.
princeps -clpis, c. (primus and capio), adj.
and subst. I, Lit, princeps est in agendo,
Cic. ; prineipes inveniendi, first to discover, Cic. ;
princeps senatus, the senator whose name storel
first on the Censor's list, Liv. II. the chief, the
most distinguished. A. Gen., with genit., prin-
pri
440
pro
cipes civitatis, Cic. ; principes conjurationis,
the head*, Cic ; rerum publicarum principes,
Cic. ; esp., princeps juventutis, one of the most
distinguished of the patrician youth, esp. (iiiioi?;?
the patrician knights, Cic ; with in and the abl.,
in jure civili princeps, Cic. ; plnr., principea,
distinguished men, Cic. B. Esp., 1, chief, leader,
founder; Zeno princeps Stoicoram, Cic; 2, a
ruler, prince, esp. of the emperor at Rome, Ov. ;
3, principes, orig. the. first rank in a Roman
army, afterwards the second line, between the has-
tati and triarii ; hence, princeps, a, a maniple
of the principes ; signum primi principis, Liv. ;
b, a centurion of the principes ; princeps prior,
Caes.
principalis -e (princeps). I. first, original;
causae, Cic. II. Transf., relating to the chief
place in a Roman camp (principia) ; via, porta,
the broad alley which passed through the centre of
a Roman camp, Liv. ; porta principalis, dextra,
sinistra, the gate on each side, Liv.
principalis -us, m. (princeps), the first
place, preeminence. I. Gen., tenere principatum
sententiae, to have the right to rote first, Cic. II.
Esp., A. the first rank in the state, or army, and
gen., rule, dominion; Cassio principatum dari,
Cic. ; principatum in civitate obtinere, Cic. B.
In philosophy, the governing principle of actions
(Gk. to 7JYe/ioi'iKdr),*Cic. C. a beginning, origin,
Cic.
principialis -e (principium), original, Lucr.
principium -li, n. (princeps), a beginning,
origin. I. Lit., principium dicendi, Cic. ; prin-
cipio belli, Liv. ; ducere principium ab aliquo,
to make a beginning with, Cic. ; (in) principio, in
the beginning, at first, Cic. ; a principio, from the
beginning, Cic. II. Met.on., A. the groundwork,
foundation ; id est principium urbis, Cic. ; plnr.,
principia, the elements, first principles ; juris, Cic.
B. 1, the tribe or curia which voted first, the pn-
rogative tribe, etc. ; Faucia curia fuft principium,
Liv. ; 2, the beginner, founder; moris, Ov. C.
Milit. 1. 1., principia -6mm, 1, the front ranks,
Sail.; 2, the chief place, chief street in a camp,
where stood the tents of the general, legates, and
tribunes, and where speeches were delivered to the
soldiers, the head-quarters ; in vestrorum eas-
trorum prineipiis, Cic.
prior -us, genit. -oris, snperl., primus -a
■ran (from old form pris, whence pridem, pridie,
pristinus). I. Compar., A. Lit., the first, the
first of two; priores pedes, Nep. B. Transf., 1,
first in order of time, former, first of two ; comitia,
Cic; consul anni prioris, Liv.; priore aestate,
in Vie previenis summer, Cic ; subst., priores
-um, m. ancestors, Verg. ; 2, better, preferable,
more excellent ; res nulla prior potiorque visa est,
Liv. ; nihil prius nee potius est quam (foil, by
infln.), Liv. II. Bnperl., primus -a -um, the
first. A. Of place, the first, foremost; a, adj.,
Ehuronnm fines, Caes. ; primis labris, with the
tipsofthe lips, Cic; b. subst., prirni, the foremost,
Cic. B. Transf., 1, first in order or in time ; a,
adj., pri'naelifterae.Cic; esp.,(o)in poets, primus
for primum, vix prima inceperat, aestas, Verg. ;
(fi) partitive, prlmS nocte, in the first pctrt of
the night, Caes. ; b, subst.., a lirimo, from the
beginning, Cic. ; in primo, at first, Cic. ; plnr.,
prima, thebeginning, Liv. ; the elements, Luer. ;in
primis, at the beginning, Liv. ; 2, of rank, Bta-
tion, eU;., first, most excellent, most distinguished ;
homines primi, the most illustrious, Cic ; comitia
prima (i.e., rentnriata and tribute), Cic. ; prima
tenere, to hold the first place, Verg. ; partes
primae, or simply primne, the leading part (on
the stage), Cic ; primas agere, Cic. ; primae, the
first prize ; primns ferre, deferre, Cic. ; in primis,
especially, Cic.
prisce, adv. (priscus), after the manner of
the ancients, sternly, severely ; agere, Cic.
priscus -a -um (from pris, cp. Gk. irptV). I.
ancient, antique; priseis viris, Cic. ; hence Tar-
qninins Priscus, the first of his line, Liv. ; esp.
with the notion of ancient, venerable, belonging
to the good old times; priscam imiteriseveiiiatem,
Cic. II, Transf., A. former, previous; Venus,
Hor. B. severe, stern, Cat.
pristinus -a -um (from pris, cp. Gk. rrpiV,
as crastinus from eras), former, previous, early,
pristine. I. Gen., dignitas, Cic ; snos, Cic ; in
pristinum statum redire, Caes. II. just past,
of or relating to yesterday ; diei pristini, Caes.
prlstis -is, f. and pistrix -tricis, f.
(Trpt'o-Tis). I, any sea moyister, a v:hale, shark,
saw-fish, Verg. II. Transf., a, the constellation
of the Whale, Cic; b, a small, sicift-sailing shi/
of war, Liv. ; name of a ship, Verg.
prius, adv. (prior). I. before, prexiously,
Cic. ; foil, by quam, before that, before, Cic II.
formerly, Cat.
privatim, adv. (privatns), privately, as a
private person, in private life. I. Lit., privatim
aliquid gerere, Cic ; si privatim mandasset, Cic.
IL Transf., at home; privatim so tenere, to re-
main at home, Liv.
privatio -Onis, f. (pvivo), a freeing from;
doloris, Cic.
privatus -a -um (privo), private, of or re-
lating to a private individual. I. a, of things,
privati et separati agri, Caes. ; vita, Cic ; neut.
subst., in private, at home, Liv. ; private con-
silio, without the authority of the state, on 07ie's
own account, Caes. ; in privatum vendere, for
private use, Liv.; tribntum ex private conl'erre,
from one's private property, Liv. ; b, of persons^
as a private man, Cic. ; vir privatus, Cic ; and
subst., privatus, a private person, Cic. ; reges,
augures, privati, Cic II. Esp., in imperial
times, not belonging to the royal family, Tac.
Privernum -i, n. a town in Latlum, now
Piperno. Hence, Privernas -atis, relating to
Privernum, Cic; in Privernati, in the county of
Privernum, Cic.
privigna -ae, f. (fern, of privignus), a stejh
daughter, Cic.
privignus -i, m. (= privigenus, from privns
and gigno, one begotten se}iarateiy), a step-son, Cic.
privilegium -ii, n. (privus and lex), a law
relating to one person only, a special law, private
law ; privilegium ferre, irrogare, Cic.
privo, 1. (privus). I. In a bad sense, to
deprive of; aliquem vita, Cic. II. In a good
sense, to free from; aliquem dolore, Cic.
privus -a -um. I. single; in dies privos,
Lucr. ; homines, Cic. II. Transf., A. each,
every, Lucr. ; used distributively, one each ;
bubus privis bini.sque tunicis donati, Liv. B.
particular, special , one'sown; privatriremis, Hor.
1. pro (old abl. neut. of * prus -a -um, cp.
prae, connected with ttoo), before, far. I. Adv.,
only in phrases proqnam, prout. II. Prep, with
abl. A. Lit., of space, 1, before, in front of ; a,
in answer to the question, where? sedens pro
aede, Cic; b, in answer to question, whither?
Caesar pro castris snas eopias produxit ; 2, be-
fore, on, in; pro tribunal], Cic. B. Transf., 1,
for, in behalf of, in favour of; hoc non modo
non pro me, sed contra me est, Cic; dimicare
pro legions, Cic; 2, a, in place of, for; pro
consnle, Cic ; pro qnaestore, Cic ; b, as, tin
good as ; pro damnato esse, as good as ror.dcmnea,
Cic. ; se pro cive gerere, to behave as a citizen,
Cic; 3, for, as a reward, or as wages for;
(alicni) pro mentis gratiam referre, Cic; pro
pro
441
pro
vectura solvere, Cic. ; aliquem pro scelere suo
•.iloisci, Cues.; 4, in proportion to, according to,
conformably with, in consideration of; pro multi-
tudine hominum et pro gloria belli atque forti-
tudinis, Cic ; pro caritale reipublicae, Cic. ;
agere pro viribus, Cic. ; pro virili parte, to the
best of one's abilities, Cic. ; pro tempore et re, as
the time and circumstances demanded, Caes. ; pro
mea parte, for my part, Cic. ; pro se quisque,
each one according to his strength, Cic. ; pro eo,
just as, according as; foil, by ac and atque, or
quam, quantum, etc., pro co quanti te facio,
according to my estimation, of you; 5, through;
ut pro suffragio renuutiaretnr, Cic.
2. pro! (proh !), interj. oh! ah! pro dii
immortales, Cic; pro deuin atque hominum
(idem ! Cic. ; pro sancte Juppiter, Cic.
proagdrus -i, in. (npo^yopos), the chief
magistrate in certain Sicilian cities, Cic.
proavitus -a -um (proavus), of or relating
to a great-grandfather, ancestral; regna, Ov.
proavus -i, in. I. a great-grandfather, Cic.
IL Transf., an ancestor, forefather, Cic.
probabilis -e (probo). I. probable, credible,
not impossible ; ratio, Cic. II. pleasing, accept-
able, worthy of approval, good; probabilior populo
orator, Cic. ; vir ingenio sane probabili, Cic.
probabilitas -atis, f. (probabilis), proba-
bility, credibility ; captiosa, Cic.
probabiliter, adv. (probabilis), probably,
credibly ; dicere, Cic. ; probabilius accusaie,
Cic.
prbbatio -onis, f. (probo). I. a proving,
testing, test, trial, examination ; athletaruin, Cic.
II. an approving, approval, Cic.
probator -<5ris, in. (probo), one who ap-
proves, a>i approver ; facti, Cic.
probatus -a -um, p. adj. (from probo). A.
approved, excellent; ceterarum homines artiuni
speetati et probati, Cic. ; femina probatissima,
Cic. B. pleasant, agreeable; ut nemo probatior
primoribua patrum esset, Liv. ; probatissimus
alien i, Cic.
probe, adv. (probus), well, rightly, fitly, pro-
jkcIii, excellently; scire, nossc, meminisse, Cic;
do Servio probe dicis, Cic. ; hoc probe stabilito
et lixo, Cic.
probitas -atis, f. (probus), honesty, upright-
ness, probity, worth, modesty, Cic.
probo, 1. (probus). I. A. to try, test, prove,
examine; a, lit., munera, Tac. ; opera quae loc-
assent, Liv. ; b, transf., aniicitias utilitate, Ov.
B. to approve, be satisfied, with, esteem good and
serviceable ; (a) lit., donuun tiuim perspexi atque
vehemeiiter probavi, Cic. ; (/3) transf., to approve
of, morally or intellectually ; consilium, Cic. ;
causain et hnminem, Caes. ; aliquem judicem,
Cic. II. to recommend as good, represent as good,
guarantee ; a, alicui libros oratorios, Cic. ;
obscurius vitium pro vero probatur, Cic. ; se
probare alicui, to recommend oneself to some one,
gain a person's approval. ; se in legatione sociis,
Cic. ; in pass., probari alicui, to appear worthy
of approval, Cic; b, to show, prove, demonstrate ;
crimen, Cic. ; causain, Cic; with ace. and infln.,
probare judicious Verrem pecunias cepisse, Cic;
absol., dilllcile est probatu, Cic.
probrosus -a -um (probrum), shameful, dis-
graceful, infamous, ignominious; crimen, Cic;
carmen, Tac.
probrum -i, n. I. a shameful, infamous
deed; 1, gen., alicui probrum objectare, Cic;
emergere ex paternis probris ac vitiis, Cic ; 2,
esp., unchastity ; probri insiniulasti pudieis-
aimam feininam, Cic. II. Transf., shame, dis-
orace ; infamy; l t gen., probro esse, Cic; prq-
brmn inferre alicui, Cic ; alicui ut probrum
objicere quod, etc., Cic ; 2, esp., abuse, insult,
libel ; epistolae plenae oiniiiuin in me probrorum,
Cic. ; niulta objicere probia, Cic.
probus -a -um, good, excellent, fine; a, physi-
cally or intellectually, res, Cic ; navigium,
Cic; ingenium, Cic; b, morally, good, upright,
virtuous, honourable ; hlius, Cic. ; homo probior,
Cic.
Proca (Procas) -ae, m. an o(h king of Alba.
procacitas -atis, f. (procax), shamelessness,
impudence, Cic.
procaciter, adv. (procax), shamelessly, im-
pudently, Liv.
procax -ciicis (proco), shameless, bold, im-
pudent, importunate, insolent ; a, of persons, in
lacessendo, Cic. ; procacius stipendiuin flagitare,
Liv. ; b, of things, serine. Sail. ; scripta,. Tac. ;
auster, blustering, Verg.
procedo -cessi -cessuni, 3. to go forth, go
before, proceed. I. Lit. and transf., A. Gen., I,
lit., a, e tabernaculo in solem, Cic; alicui
obviam procedere, to go to meet, Cic. ; b, milit.
t. t., to advance; lento atque paulatim, Caes.;
ad dimicanduni, Liv. ; c, to appear, show oneself,
step forward ; procedere in medium, Cic; esp.,
to come forward to speak to un assembly; pro-
cedere in contionein, Liv. ; 2, transf., toaduance;
a, of ships, quantum naves processisseut, Cues.;
b, of stars, to appear; processit Vesper, Verg.
B. Transf., to advance, 2^'rogress, of work, etc.,
magna pars operis Caesaris processeiat, Caes.
II. Fig., A. Gen., a, in dando et credendo
longius procedere, to go too far, Cic ; eo pro-
cessit vecordiae ut, etc., he went to such a pitch
of madness that, etc., Sail. ; esp., to advance to-
wards some good, go on, make progress ; in philo-
sophia, Cic ; b, to run on, continue, be counted
up; stipendia, acra alicui procedunt, Liv.; hence,
transf., to be of use to, do good to ; benefacta
mea reipublicae procedunt, Sail. ; c, of time,
dies procedens, Cic. ; si (puer) aetate proecsserit,
Cic. ; multum diei processeiat, Sail. B. Of
actions, etc., to turn out in. a certain u-ay, to
result; si bene processit, Cic; alicui bene,
pulchcrriine, Cic; and absol., to turn out well,
to be prosperous ; si piucessit, Cic.
prooella -ae, f. (procello), a storm, tempi I,
gale; 1, lit., nimbi, procellae, turbines, Cic; 2,
transf., a, ft sudden charge of cavalry, onset,
charge; priinam procellam eruptionis sustinero
non posse, Liv. ; b, procellae insidiarum, Cic. ;
procellam temporis devitare, Cic.
procello, '3. (pro and cello), to throw down,
cast down, Plaut.
prdcellosus -a -um (procella), stormy, tem-
pestuous, Verg., Liv.
pr8cer -eris, m. 041 illustrious person ; usually
plur., prooeres -um, m. chiefs, nobles, princes;
audicbam euim nostros proceres clamitantes,
Cic.
procere, adv. (procerus), far outstretched ;
coinpar., brachium procerius projectum, Cic.
proceritas -iitis, f. (procerus), height, slvn-
ness, slenderness. I. Lit., cameli adjuvantur
proceritate collorum, by the length of their necks,
Cic ; arborum, Cic. II. Transf., length (of a
syllable or foot in poetry) ; pedum, Cic.
procerus -a -um (pro and cerus, from loot
CEP, CRE, whence creseo), tall, slender, long.
I. Lit., of bodies, etc., collnm, rostrum, Cic. ;
of trees, procerissiina populus, Cic II, Transf.,
in rhythm and pronunciation, long; pioceiior
quidam Humerus, Cic -
processio -6nis, f. (procedo), a military u<(:
ra.iff, Cjc,
pro
442
pro
processus -lis, in. (procedu), a going forth,
advance, course, progress; gradus ct quasi pro-
cessus uicendi, Oic. ; tantos progressus eflieiebat
ut, etc, Cic.
PrSchyta -ae, f. and PrSchy^te -cs, f.
(llpoxii-n;), an island on the const of Campania,
now 1'rocida.
procido -cidi (pro and cado), 3. to fall down
forward, fall forward; preaceps procidit ante
proratii, Liv.
procinctus -us,in.(procingo),a being girded;
hence, a being equipped for battle, readiness for
battle; in procinctu ac castris habiti, Tac ;
testaiuentum in prociuctll facere, on the battle-
field, Cic.
proclamator -Oris, in. (proclaino), a bawler,
vociferutor (of a bad advocate), Cic.
proclamo, 1. to mil out, cry out; absuL,
Cic. ; with ace. and infin., se flliain jure caesam
judieare, Liv.; pro aliquo (contemptuously of
an advocate), to defend a person, Liv.
Procles -is, in. (ITpokAt)?), son of Aristodem/us,
brother of Enrysthenes, king of Sparta, founder of
the family of the Proclidae.
proclino, 1. act. to bend, incline forwards,
to bend ; mare in litora, Ov. ; transf., proclinata
jam re, approaching consummation, Caes.; ad-
juvare rem proclinatuin, tottering to its fall,
Caes._
proclive (prodivi), eompar., proclivius,
adv. (proelivis), downwards; proclivi currere,
labi, Cic.
proelivis -e and proclivus -a --inn (pro
and clivus), inclined forwards, sloping down-
minis, steep. I. Lit., via proelivis, Liv.; sulisl .
I*r proclive, downwards, Liv. II. Fig., 1,
ineton., going downwards; proclivi eursu et
faeili delabi, Cic. ; 2, inclined to, ready for,
prone to; «<! morbum, Cic. ; ail comitatem, Cic ;
3 ? easy to do; ilia facilia, proclivia, jucunda,
Cic; alicui est proclive, with infin., Caes.;
(llctu proclive est, it is easy to say, with acu.
and Infill., Cic.
proclivitaa -fit is, f. (proelivis), a slope ; flg.,
inclination, tendency, proneness ; ad niorbos, Cic.
proclivus = proclivi'; (q.v.).
Procne (Progne) -es, f. (iipd/cnj). I.
daughter of Pandion, sister of Philomela- and wife
of Tereus, changed into a swallow. II, Meton.,
u swallow, Verg.
. proco, l. and procor, l. ilep. to as!:, in-
dent, Cic.
proconsul -sfdis, in. « proconsul, one who
after hU consulship (and sometimes without
having been consul), was governor of a province,
Cic.
proconsularis -e (proconsul), o/or relating
to a proconsul, jiroconsular, Liv.
proconsulatus -fls, m. (proconsul), the office
or dignity of a proconsul, Tac.
procrastinatio -Onis, f. (proci-astino), a
putting off from day to day, procrastination, Cic.
procrastino, 1. (pro and crastino), to put
off till to-morrow, procruslinate, Cic.
procreatio -Onis, f. (procreo), begetting,
procreation, Cic.
procreator -oris, in. (procreo), a begetter;
inuudi, Creator, Cic. ; procreatores = parents,
Cic.
procreatrix -Icis, f. (procreator), one that
bringi forth, vuither ; transf., artium, Cic.
procreo,!. I, to beget, procreate ; of animals,
to bring forth ; multipliers ictus, fir. II, Fig.,
tii bring forth, prmluce, run.-, make; inter Wlilli
civimii (trjl uiiatum) nrucrealuui, Cic.
procresco, 3. I. to grow forth, arise, Lucr.
II, Fig., to increase, Lucr.
PrScris -cridis, f. (lipoids), daughter o)
Erectheiis, wife of Cejmalus, who killed her in a
finest, mistaking her for an animal.
Procrustes -ae, m. (npo/<pov<mjs), a robber
in Attica, who tied his prisoners to a bed, stretch -
ing the limbs of those shorter than the bed, ami
cutting off the limbs of those who uric taller;
killed by Theseus.
prociibo, 1. to lie stretched out, to lie along ;
ubi saxea procubet umbra, Verg.
prdcudo -Cflsi -cusuin, 3. I. 1, to thrust or
drive forward, Lucr.; 2, to forge; enses, Hor.
II. Fig., linguani, to form, train, Cic.
procul, adv. (from procello). I. afar of, at
a distance, Jar a/way ; non procul, sed hie, Cic;
foil, by a, ab, far from; procul a terra abripi,
Cic; by abl. alone, procul coetu hominum,
Liv. II. Transf., far from, far away ; with
abl., procul dubio, without doubt, Liv. ; baud
procul est, with quin and subj., it is not far
from, Liv. ; of time, baud procul occasu solis,
not long before, Liv.
proculco, 1. (pro and calco), to tread, trample,
upon; 1, things, is (aper) modo crescentes segetes
proculcat in herba, Ov. ; 2, i>ersons, to trample
to the ground, to tread down ; aliqucm, Tac.
Proculeius -i, in. a Roman knight, friend of
Augustus.
procumbo -ciibui -ciibitum, 3. to lean or
bend forward. I. Gen., A. 1, lit., of persons,
olli certainine suinuio procumbunt (of rowers),
Verg. ; 2, transf., of things, to incline forward ;
secundum naturam fluuiinis, Caes. II. to fall
down, sink down, to fall prostrate. A. 1, lit., of
living beings, alces procumbunt, Caes.; of per-
sons in prayer, entreaty, etc., procunibere alicui
ad pedes, Caes. ; ail genua alicuius, Liv. ; of
persons wounded, vulneribns confectum pro-
cumbere, Caes. ; 2, transf., of things, frunieuta
iiubribus procubuerant, were laid low, Caes.
B. Fig., to sink, fall ; res procubuere meae, Ov.
procuratio -onis, f. (procure), a taking care
of, management, administration. I. (Jen., rei-
publicae, Cic ; mearum rerum, Cic. ; annonae,
Cic. II. Esp., 1, under the empire, the office oj
imperial procurator, Tac. ; 2, a religious act for
the propitiation of an offended deity ; ut sue plena
procuratio Beret, Cic
procurator -Oris, m. (procure), a manager,
administrator, agent, factor, deputy. I. Gen.,
regni, a viceroy, Caes. ; with genit. of person,
procurator P. Quinctii, Cic. II. Esp., 1, a
land steward, land agent, Cic. ; 2, in imperial
times, a functionary who collected the imperial
revenue both in Home and in the provinces ; pro-
curator Caesaris, Tac. ; procurator Judaeae, Tac
procuratrix -trlcis, f. (procurator), she that
governs; fig., sapientia totius hominis procura-
trix, Cic.
procuro, 1. to take care of, look after, tend.
I. Gen., corpus, Verg. ; sacritlcia, Caes. II.
F.sp., 1, to manage, administer any one's affairs ;
alicuius uegotia, Cic. ; hereditateui, Cic. ; 2, to
offer sacrifice in order to avert an evil omen;
moiistra, Cic. ; prodigia, Cic
procurro -curri and -cftcurri -cursnni, 3. to
run forward, rush forward, charge. I. Lit., of
persons, ex castris, Caes. ; in vias, Liv. ; ad
repellenduin liostcin, Caes. II. Transf., of
places, to project, jut out, run forward; infelix
saxis in procurrentibus haesit, Verg. ; terra pro-
currit in aequor, Ov.
procursatio -onis, f. (procurso), a running
funnifd, chargei velitiuii, Liv.
pro
443
Pro
procursator -oris, in. (procurso), one wlio
rv,7is forward ; milit. 1. 1., proeursatores, skir-
mishers, Liv.
procurso, l. (intcus. of procurro), to run
forward, spring forward ; as milit. 1. 1., to skir-
mish, Liv.
procursus -as, in. (procurro), a running
forward; anil esp., in military language, an
advance, charge; procursu lnilitum, Liv.
procurvus -a -am, bent forward, curved
forward; falx, Verg-; Utora, winding, Verg.
procus-i, m. (proco), a wooer, suitor; transf.,
impudentes proci, candidates, Cic.
Procyon -5nis, in. (ripoKuuu), a constellation
which rises before the Dog-star, Cic.
prod = pro (q.v.)
prodeo -ii -itum, 4. to go, come forth. I.
A. 1, lit., obviain wilii est proditum, Cic. ;
prodire ex portu, Caes. ; in publicum, to appear
in public, Cic. ; iu proelium, Caes. ; 2, esp., to
appear in some character, to come forth, e.g., as
an actor ; in scenam, Cic. B. Fig., a, to appear,
show itself; eonsuetudo prodire coepit, Cic. ; b,
to go forth = to become; prodis ex judice Dama
turpis, Hor. II. to advance, go forward. A.
1, lit., longius, Caes.; 2, transf., to project;
rapes prodii in aequor, Verg. B. Fig., sumptu
extra modum, to exceed the mark, Cic.
prodico -dixi -dictum, 3. I. to sag before,
Cic. (?) II. tojixfur a later time, put ojf; diem in
Quirinalia, Cic.
prodictator -oris, m. one who acts as dic-
tator, Liv.p)
ProdlCUS -i, in. a Greek sophist of Ceos, con-
temporary of Socrates.
prodlge, adv. (prodigus), prodigally, extra-
vagantly ; vivere, Cic.
prodigentia -ae, f. (prodigo), profusion
prodigality, Tac.
prodiglaliter, adv. strangely, wonderfully,
Hor.
prodlglOSUS -a -urn (prodigium), unnatural,
strange, wonderful, prodigious, Ov.
prodigium -ii, u. (prod and agere), a. prodigy,
portent, omen, ominous sign. I. Lit., multa
prodigia eius vim declarant, Cic. II. Transf.,
a ? a Monstrosity, something unnatural ; prodigium
videbatur civitatum frumentum improbare,
suuin probare, Cic; b, a monster; prodigium
triplex, Cerberus, Ov. ; fatali portentum pvo-
digimnque reipublicae (of Clodius), Cic
prodigo -egi -actum, 3. (prod and ago), I. to
drive forth ; sues, Varr. II. Transf., to spend,
■waste; alieua, Sail.
prodigus -a -um (prodigo), prodigal, profuse,
extravagant. I. a, lit., Cic. ; with genit, aeris,
Hor.; b, tig., with genit., animae, not sparing
his own life, Hor. ; arcani, revealing a secret,
Hor. ; with in and the abl., in honoribus decern-
endis nimius et tainquaui prodigus, Cic. II.
Transf., rich, abounding in; locus prodigus
herbae, Hor.
proditio -3nis, f. (prodo), a betraying, be-
trayal, treachery, treason; amicitiarum prodi-
tioues et rerum publiearuin, Cic.
prodltor -5ris, m. (prodo), a betrayer, traitor;
consulis, Cic. ; transf., risus latentis puellae
proditor, Hor.
prodo -didi -ditum, 3. I. to put forth, bring
forth. A. Gen., to bring forth. ; fuinoso condita
vina cado, Ov. ; suspiria pei-tore, Ov, B. Esp.,
1, a, to give, shoir, publish.; deeretuni, Cic;
cxempluin, Liv. ; b, to proclaim elected, to op-
ivii'-i '■; Mamiuem, iiitei'jegeiu, Cic.; C, to relate ;
quae scriptures prodiderunt, Cic. ; d, to reveal,
betray something secret, to betray; couscios, Cic;
crimen VUltu, Ov. ; 2, to give up, discover, betray
treacherously : classem praedonibus, Cic; aliquem
ail mortem, Verg. ; utilitatem commuuem, Cic.
II. A. to hand over, deliver, transmit; sacra
suis posteris, Cic; esp. iu writing, memoriae
prodere, to commit to writing, Cic; memoriae
prodiderunt, with ace and inlin., Cic. B. to
propagate ; genus, Verg.
proddceo, 2. to leach, inculcate, Hor.
prddrdmus -i, in. (Trp65pop:o5), a messenger,
forerunner. I. Lit., Cic II. Transf., a north-
north-east wind, said to blow for eight days before
the rising of the Dog-star, Cic.
produco -duxi -ductum, 3. to lead forth.
1. Gen., A. Lit, 1. equos, jumeuta, Caes. ; 2,
milit. t. t., to laid forUi troops; copias pro
castris, Caes. ; 3, a, polit. t. t., to bring before
the public assembly or before a court of justice ;
hariun rerum omnium auctores testesque, Cic. ;
b, to bring out of prison; aliquein capite in-
volute ad necem, Cic; c, to bring forward on
the stage, on the arena, etc; aliquem, Cic. ; 3, to
bring firth a co)pse to the funeral pile; aliquem
funere, Verg. ; 4, to entice forth ; aliquem dolo
in proelium, Nep. B. Fig., to bring before some
one, reveal ; occulta ad patres crimina, Juv.
II. A. Lit., 1, to advance ; unam navein longius,
Caes.; to draw out, stretch out, extend; a, ferrum
incude, Juv. ; b, in pronunciation, to lengthen
out, make long; litteram, Cic; syllabam, Ov. ;
2, a, to beget, produce; rig., nova (vocabula)
quae genitor produxerit usns, Hor. ; b, to rear,
bring up ; subolem, Hor. ; of plants, arborem,
Hor. B. Fig., 1, to advance, promote; aliquem
ad dignitatem, Cic; 2, to prolong (in duration
of time); a, to continue, keep on; sermonem
longiiK in multam nocteni, Cic ; b, to put off,
jiostj>o)ie ; rem in hiemeiu, Caes.; c, to put off,
delay ; eouditionibus hunc, quoad potest, pro-
ducit, Cic.
productc, adv. (productus), in a lengthened
manner, long (of pronunciation) ; producte diei,
Cic
productio -onis, f. (produco), an extending,
lengthening ; a, of a word by the addition of a
syllable, Oic; b, of a syllable in pronunciation,
Cic. ; c, of time, prolonging ; temporis, Cic.
productus -a -um, p. adj. (from produco).
I. Adj., extended, lengthened, prolonged ; pro-
dnctiore cornu sinistro, Tac. ; quinto productior
actu fabula, Hor. ; of words, nomon, lengthened
by addition of a syllable, Cic. ; of syllables, long
(iu pronunciation); (syllaba) producta atque
tonga, Cic. ; of time, prolonged, drawn out ;
dolores, Cic. II. Subst, producta -drum, n.
(to TTporjY.ufVo), preferable things (in the Stoio
philosophy, things which, while not absolutely
good, were to be preferred, e.g., beauty, health),
Cic.
proeliator -oris, m. (proelior), a wanior,
combatant, Tac.
proelior, 1. dep. (proelium), to give battle,
fight ; ad Syracusas, Cic ; pedibus, Caes. ;
transf., vehementer proeliatus sum, striven, Cic.
proelium -ii, n. a bcdtle, fight. I. a, lit,
proelium facere, Cic. ; ledintegrare, Caes. ;
inire, Liv. ; proelio abstincre, Caes. ; b, transf.,
of a light in words, proelia mea causa HUstinere,
Cic II. Melon., proelia = fighters, combatants,
Prop.
Proetus -i, in. (npoiTos), king in Tiryns,
brother of Acrisius. Hence, Proctis -idis, f.
a daughter of Proetus; plur., Proetides, tht
daughters of Proetus, who Were punished with
madness, and imagined themselves to be cov:s.
pro
444
pro
profa.no, 1. (piofanns), to profane, desecrate ;
sacra, Liv. ; festum, Ov.
profanus -a -um (pro and fan urn, lit.,
lying before a temple, i.e., outside it), not sacred,
not consecrated, I. Gen., common, profane.; 1,
lit., locus, Cic ; bubo, avis, of eril omen, Ov. ;
sulist., profanum -i, II. tliat which is profane,
■unconsccrated, Tar.; 2, transf., profane, godless,
impious ; verba, Ov. II, Esp., 1, not initialed,
uninitiated ; procul este profani, Verg. ; 2,
transf., not initiated in the service of the Muses;
profanum vulgua, Hor.
profectio -ouis, f. (proflciscor), 1, a depar-
ture, Cic. ; 2, transf., source, origin ; pecuniae,
Cic.
profecto, adv. (pro and factus). trtfy, really,
indeed, Cic.
profero -tftli -latum -ferre, I. to carry forth,
bring forth (from a place); 1, lit., a, mimmos
ex area, Cic. ; pecuuiam alicui, Cic. ; b, milit.
t. t., to deliver up, bring forth ; anna torment-
aque ex oppido, Caes. ; c, to raise a. limb or part
of the body ; caput, Ov. ; digitum, Cic. ; d, to
bring forth, show; proferre in conspeetum liberos,
Caes.; of writings, to publish, make known;
orationem. Cic; 2, fig., a, to bring to light,
reveal; (a) aliquid in medium, Cic; (/3) as a
discoverer, to bring to light, produce; aliquid
proferre in aspectum lucemque, Cic. ; proferre
artein, Cic. ; b, to bring forward, produce, cite,
mention ; testes, Cic ; nominatim inultos, Cic. ;
exempla onmiuin nota, Cic. II, 1, to advance,
move forward; a, milit. t. t., signa, to march on,
Liv.; Hide castra, to move from thence, Liv.; b,
to extend ; fines agri publici paulatim, Liv.; fig.,
tines otliciorum paulo longius, Cic, ; 2, fig., a,
of duration of time, to extend, lengthen; beatam
vitatn usque ad roguni, Cic. ; b, to put off, post-
pone; diem auctionis, Cic.
professio -5nis, f. (profiteor), acknowledg-
ment, declaration, profession. I. Gen., bonae
Voluntatis, ap. Cic. II. Esp., A. Lit., public
declaration of one's name, property, ocrupatio
etc; hacc peeunia ex eo genere est, ut profes-
siouc noli egcat, Cic B. Meton., 1, the register
n/ persons owl their property, Cic. ; 2, an occupa-
tion, ort, profession ; belt" dicendi, Cic
professorius -a -um, of or relating to a
professor, professorial, Tac.
professus -a -um, partic. of profiteor (q.v.).
profestus -a -um, not kept as a, festival, com-
mon ; dies, work-days, ordinary days, Liv.
proficio -feci -tectum, :t. (pro and facio).
to make progress, advance, gain ground, to get an
advantage, to effeii anything. I. Of persons,
nihil in oppugnatlone, Caes.; aliquid in philo-
Kopliia, Cic. II. of things, a, to be of -use or ad-
vantage to, to assist, help; nulla res tantumad
dicendmn proflcit, quantum scriptio, Cic; b, of
medical remedies, herba proticiente nihil, Hor.
proflciscor -feet us sum -flcisci, S. dep. (pro
and facio, facesso, faciscor), to set out, depart.
go, travel, march, take a journey. I. Lit., ex
nortu, Caes.; Aegyptum, Cic; ad or contra
liostem, Caes.; emu exercitus parte frunient-
atinii, Liv. II. Fig.. A. to go towards; ad
reliqna, Cic. B. 1, to set out from, begin with;
a lege, Cic. ; ab line initio, Caes. ; 2, meton., to
arise from, spring from, originate, from ; » natura,
Cic. ; qui a Zenone profecti sunt, Zeno's disciples,
Cic.
profiteor -fessus .sum, •_'. dep. (pro ami
fateor), to acknowledge openly, confess, avow. I.
Gen. , fateor at.que etiam profiteor, Cic ; with ace.
and infln., profiteor me relatnrum, Cic. II. Esp.,
A. to profess ov declare oneself anything f a, with
double ace, of pers., %e grammaticuui, Cic;b,
with aec. an:! infill., me defensorem esse pro-
fiteor, Cic; c, with aec of thing, to profess any
science, art. etc. ; philosopliiam, Cic;. jus, Cic B.
indicium, to turn king's evidence, Ball., Tac ; to
offer, promise ; operam, Cic. ; profltetur so vent-
urum, Cic C. to make a public statement or
return, of property, etc.; jugcra, Cic; fru-
mentum, Liv. ; noinen, Cic ; and simply pro-
Uteri, to announce, oneself as a candidate] Sail.
(Partic, professus -a -um, pass., known, ac-
knowledged, avowed; culpa, Ov.)
profligator -oris, m. (profligo), a spend-
thrift, prodigal, Tac.
profligatus -a -um, p. adj. (from profligo),
1, cast down, ruined, wretched, Cic; 2, dissolute,
profligate ; tu omnium mortaliuin profligatis-
sime, Cic.
profligo, 1. (pro and fligere), to strike to the
ground. I. Lit., to overthrow, overcome; copias
hostium, Cic. ; classem hostium, Caes. II.
Fig., A. a, politically, to ruin.; rempublicam,
Cic ; b, to lower, abase ; judicia senatoria, Cic. ;
C, to bring almost to an end, nearly finish ; pro-
tligatum helium et paenc sublatum, Cic ; pro-
fligata jam hacc, et paeue ad exitum adducta
quaestio est, Cic.
proflo, 1. toblow forth, breathe forth ; Mammas,
Ov. ; tig., toto proflabat pectore sonmum, Verg.
profliiens -entis, p. adj. (from profluo), flow-
ing. I. Lit., aqua, Cic. Subst., pro'fluens
-entis, f. running water, Cic. II. Transf., of
fluent; genus sermonis, Cic.
adv. (profliiens), flowlngly,
, flow forth.
Cic. II.
discourse, flowing
profluenter,
easily, Cic.
prdfiuo -fluxi -tluxum, 3. to flow
I. Lit., ex monte, Caes. ; in mare
Fig., to flow forth, proceed ; ab his fontibus pro-
fluxi ad hominum famam, Cic.
profllivium -ii, n. (profluo), a flowing forth ;
sanguinis, Lncr.
■;r6for -fatus sum, 1. dep. 1, to say, speak,
■ erg. ; 2, to foretell, predict, Lucr.
profore, v. prosum.
profugio -lugi -fugltum, 3. I. Intnni.it.,
to flee away, escape ; ex oppido, Caes. ; doni",
Cic. ; alisol., Catilina ipse pertimuit, profugit,
Cic II. to flee away from ; agros, Hor.
profugUS -a -um (profugio), flying, fleeing,
fugitive; a, gen., (a) of persons, populus,Tac;
poet., Scythac, wandering, migratory, flying from
one's native country, ban.islied, Hor.; (/3) of ani-
mals, taurus, Tac. ; (7) of things, eurrus, Ov. ;
b, Of soldiers, flying from battle, Sail. ; C, ot
exiles, with abl., patria profugus, Liv. ; ab
Thebis, Liv. ; ex Feloponneso, Liv. ; subst.,
profugUS -i, m. a fugitive, exile, Ov.
profundo -fudi -ffisum, :i. to pourjorth, shed
abundantly, cause to flow. I. A. Lit., sanguinem
suum omnem, Cic. ; vimlacrimarum, Cic ; reflex.,
se profundere, and middle, profundi, to stream
forth ; lacrimae se profuderunt, Cic B. Transf.,
1, to stretch at full length; somnus membra
profudit, Lucr. ; 2, a, reflex., se profundere, or
middle, profundi, to pour ovt, rush forth; omuis
multiludo sagittariorum se profudit, Caes. ; ol
plants, quae (in vitibus) se minium profuderunl,
have shot out, Cic. ; b, to utter ; clamoiem, Cic ;
c, to bring forth, produce; ca quae frugibus
atquc bacis terrae fetu profunduntur, Cic. ; 3,
in spend, sacrifice, gire up; pro patrift vitam,
Cic ; in a bad sense, to spend, lavish, squander;
pecuniaiu, Cic ; patrimonia, Cic If. Fig., a,
to pour, vent, expend vpon; oniiie odium in me,
Cic ; b, reflex., se profundere, to burst forth, to
pour forth, msh forth ; voluptates'subito se piqi
1'lUl'luiit., fjic, T
pro
445
pro
Pr6fundU3 -a -urn. I. deep, profound; 1,
lit, mare, Cic. ; subst, profundum -i, n.
the bottomless depth ; aquae, Cic. ; absol., poet. =
the sea, Vera. ; 2, flg., libidines, Cic. ; avaritia,
Sail. II. Transf., A. high ; caelum, Verg. B.
deep, dense : sihae, Lucr.
profuse, adv. (profusus). I. in a disor-
derly manner; profuse tendere in nostra, Liv.
II. Fig., lavishly, extravagantly; profusins
HUinptni ileditiia erat, Sail.
profusus -a -urn, p. adj. (from profiindo),
immoderate, extravagant ; 1, gen., liilaritas. Cic. ;
2, esji., a, iin made. rate, in expenditure, extrava-
gant, Cic. ; with genit., sui profusus, Sail. ; b,
trausf., costly; epulae, Cic
progener -i, a grand-daughter's husband,
Tac
progenero, 1. to engender, produce, Hor.
progenies -ei, f. (progigno). I. descent, raee,
lineage., CiC II. Meton., progeny,' offspring,
descendants; wteres, qui se deorura progeniem
esse dicebant, Cic.
progenitor -oris, in. (progigno), the founder
oj a family, ancestor, progenitor, Ov.
progigno -genQi -genituin, 3. to engender,
bring forth, bear, Cic.
prognatus - a -lira (partic. of "prognoscor),
born, sprung from; deo, Liv. ; ex Cimbris, Caes. ;
ab Dite pa tie, Caes.
Progne = Procne (q.v.).
prognostica -orum, n. (TTpoyi/wo-n/ca), signs
of the weather, a poem by Aratus, translated by
Cicero, Cic.
progredior -gressua sum -gredi, 3. dep.
(pro and gradior). I. to go forth, go out; ex
donio, Cic. II. to go forwards, to advance. A,
Lit., of persons, regredi quam progredi mallent,
Cic; milit. t.t., to advance; longius a eastris,
Caes. B. Fig., to proceed, advance; a, quatenus
amor in amicitia progredi ilebeat, Cic. ; b, in a
speech, etc., to proceed to, go on; ad reliqua,
Cic. ; c, of time, pauluni aetata progressus,
advanced in years, Cic.
progressio -onis, f. (progredior), an ad-
vancing, progress, increase; a, progressionein
facere ad vii tnteni, Cic. ; b, rhet. 1. 1., a gradual
strengthening of expression, climax, Cic.
progressus -us, m. (progredior), a going
forwards, advance. I. Lit., aliquem progressu
arcere, Cic. II. Fig., a, beginning of a speech ;
primo progressu, Cic. ; b, progress, increase ;
aetati.s, Cic. ; tantos progressus habebat in
Stoicis, progress in the Stoical philosophy, Cic. ;
progressus facere in studiis, Cic.
proh! = pro ! (q.v.).
prohibeo -bui-bitutn, 2. (pro and habeo). I.
to hold back; hold in, check, restrain, hinder. A.
Gen., praedones a Sicilia, Cic. ; aliquem a famil-
iaritate, Cic. ; vim hostium ab oppidis, Caes. ;
se suosque ab injuria, Caes. ; exercitum itinera,
to obstruct on the march, Caes. ; with infill., pro-
hibeo aliquem exire domo, Cic. ; with ne and
the subj., potuisti prohiberene lieret, Cic. ; with
qnin and the subj., nee, quiii eruinperet, pro-
hiberi poterat, Liv. ; with quoiiiinus and the
subj., prnliiljnis.se, qnominus tie te certuin haber-
emus, Cic. ; with double ace, ideo ut prohiberct,
Liv.; with simple ace, Caesarem, Caes. ; eon-
atusalicuius, Cic. B. to hinder by words, forbid,
prohibit; lex recta imperans, proiiibensqiic con-
traria, Cic. II. to preserve, defend, protect; a quo
periculo prohibete rempublicam, Cic.
prohibitio -onis, f. (prohibeo), a hindering,
prohibition ; tollendi, Cic.
proiclo = projicio (q.v.).
proin = proinde (q.v.).
proinde, adv. I. just as, in the same i>ld)V
ner, in like manner ; foil, by atque (ac), ut, quasi,
quam, tamquam, Cic. II. therefore, then, hence,
accordingly ; esp. used in phrases of exhorta-
tion, encouragement, etc., Cic.
projectio -onis, f. (projicio), a throw i tig for-
ward, stretching out; brachii, Cic.
1. projeotUS -us, m. (projicio), a projecting,
jutting out, Lucr.
2. projectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from projicio),
stretching out, jutting forward, projecting ; urbs,
Cic; snxa, Verg. I. Fig., a, prominent; nud-
acia, Cic; b, addicted to; homo ad addendum
projectus, Cic. II. stretched out, prostrate, til-
ing. A. Lit., ad terrain, Caes. ; in autro, Verg.
B. Fig., a, abject, base; patientia, Tac. ; b, oast
down ; vnltns, Tac.
projicio -jeei -jectum, 3. (pro and jacio). I.
to throw, cast before, throwdowu. A. Gen., cibuiii,
Hor. B. Esp., 1, to stretch forth, throw out ; a,
of limbs, brachiuni, Cic. ;b, of buildings, puss.,
projici, to project ;■ tectum projiceretur, Cic. ; c,
to throw or place a weapon before, one; clipeuin
prae se, Liv.; 2, to push forth, drive forth ; a,
aliquem foras, Cic. ; aliquem ab urbe, Ov. ; b, to
banish; aliquem in insulam, Tac. II. to throw
out, throw in front. A. Gen., crates, Caes. ; se.
ad pedes alicuius, Cic ; projecta vilior algii, aist
upon the shore, Verg. B. Fsp. 1, to throw away ;
anna, Caes. ; lig., a, se projiccre, to lower one-
self to, to stoop to ; in muliebres nVtus, Liv. ; b,
to reject, abandon ; libertatem, Cic ; C, to expose,
betray ; ab aliquo projici et prodi, Cic. ; 2, to
cast to the ground; effigies, Tac. ; 3, to put off;
aliquem ultra quinquennium, Tac.
prolabor -lapsus sum -liibi, 3. I. to glide
forward, slide forward, slip along. A. Lit. (ele-
phanti) clunibus subsistentes prolabehantur,
Liv. B. Fig., 1, to come to, fall into; hue
libido est proiapsa, Cic; 2, to slip out, escape;
verbuma cupiditate prolapsum, Liv. II. to fall
down. A. Lit., ex equo, Liv. ; proiapsa Pergaina,
Verg. B. Fiy. , 1, to fail, to err; cupiditate,
timore, Cic; 2, to fall, go to ruin, sink; ita
proiapsa est juventus ut, etc., Cic.
prolapsio -onis, f. (prolabor), a slipping,
sliding, Cic.
prolatio -onis, f. .(profero). I. a bringing
forward in discourse, mentioning ; exemplorum,
Cic II. 1, an extension; fuiium, Liv.; 2, a
putting off, deferring ; judicii, Cic.
prolato, 1. (intens. of profero). I. to ex-
tend, enlarge, lengthen ; agros, Tac. II. Trausf.,
A. to put off, delay, defer ; comitia, Liv. ; malum,
Cic B. to prolong ; vitam, Tac.
prolecto, 1. (intens. of prolicio), to entice,
allure; egentes spe largitionis, Cic.
proles -is, f. (pro and *aleo, alesco). I.
offspring, descendants, posterity ; a, of gods and
men, ilia futuroruui hominum, future genera-
tions, Cic; Apollinea, Aesculapius, Ov. ; Latonia,
Apollo and Diana, Ov. ; b, of animals, Verg. ;
C, of plants, fruit, Verg. Ii. Transf., youth,
young men; equitum peditunique, Cic.
proletarius -ii, m. (proles), a citi:en of the
lowest class who served the state only by being the
father of children, Cic.
prolicio, 3. (pro and lacio), to lure forth,
entice, Ov.
prolixe, adv. (prolixus). I. abundantly,
copiously; id prolixe cumulateque fecit, Cic.
II. freely, willingly; in delectu parum prolixe
respondere, Cic.
prolixus -a -um (pro and laxus), widely
extended, wide, broad, long. I. Lit., Lucr. II,
pro
44(5
pro
Fig., 1, wilting, obliging; tua prolixabeiieflcaque
natura, Cic. ; 2, prosperous, fortunate; cetera
spero prolixa esse conipetitoribus, Cic.
prologus -i, in. (irpoAoyos), a prologue, Ter.
proloquor -Wciltus (-lOqufltus) sum -lfiqni,
3. dep. to Sjienk out, say «vt. I. Gen., quod
proloqni jnget, Liv. II. Esp., to prophesti,
predict, Prop.
proludO -ldsi -liisum, 8. In piny beforehand,
to prelude, to practise beforehand, I. Lit., ail
pi gnani, Ov. II. Fig., ut ipsis sententiis, qni-
Ijus proluserint, ve>. pugnare possint, Cic.
proluo -Mi -lfitnm, 3. I. to wash forth or
tint. A. to rant iip, to wash ovt ; genus oiune
natantnm litore in extremo ductus proluit,
Verg. B. to wash off; tempestas ex omnibus
montibus nives proluit, Caes. II. to wash; in
vivo prolue rore manus, Ov. ; leni praecordia
mulso (of drinking), Hor.
prolusio -onis, f. (proludo), a iirelnde, pive-
liminary exercise, essay, Cic.
proluvies -ei, f. (proluo). I. on inunda-
tion, Lucr. II. excrement; ventris, Verg.
promereo -ui -Itum, and promereor
-itus sum -eri, 2. dep. lo deserve, I. reus levins
punitus quain sit ille promeritus, Cic. ; suo
beneficio promeruit, se lit ames, Cic. ; partic
subst., promeritum -i, n. deserts, merit;
vestra in nos uni versa promerita, Cic. II.
(Gen. in form promereor), to deserve (well) of;
prouiereri bene de nmltis, Cic.
Prometheus -ei and -eos, m. (Upo^Bak,
the Forethinker), son of lapelvs, heather of
Epimetlu us and father of Deucalion, the mythical
hero, who made, man of clay, and stole, fire to
aninutte his creation from heaven; for which he
was hound to a rock in the Caucasus, where a
vulture devoured his liver. Hence, A. Adj.,
Prometheus -a -urn, Promethean; jnga, Prop.;
rupes, the. Caucasus, Mart. B. Subst., Prd-
methlfides -ae, m. son of Prometheus, Deu-
calion.
prommens -entis (promineo), jutting out,
projecting; subst., prominens -entis, n. a
projection ; in prominent! litoiis, Tac.
promineo -mlniii, 2. to stand mil, jut ovt,
project. I. Lit., collis prominens, Liv. ; pro-
niinet in altum, Liv.; pectore nndoprominentes,
Caes. II. Fig. (justitia) foras tota promineat,
to step forth, be prominent, Cic. ; maxima pars
(glorine) in posteiitatem prominet, e 'tends, Liv.
promisee, adv. (promiscus) = promfacue,
Cic.
promiscue, adv. (promiscuus), promiscvi-
crusty, without distinction, Caes.
promiscus = promiscuus (q.v.).
promiSCUUS -a -um, mired, in. common, in-
discriminate, promiscuous. I. Lit., comitia
plebi ct. patribns promiscua, Liv. ; connubia, he-
tirre,) patricia ns and plebeians, Liv.; divinaatqne
lminana promiscua liabere, to nude no distinction
between, Sail. ; in promiacuo esse, in '»■ common,
Liv. II. Trahsf., common, usual, general, Tac.
promissio -onis, f. (promitto), a promise;
auxilii, Cic.
promissor -oris, m. (promitto), a promise,
esp., one who promises boastingly, a boaster, Hor.
promissum -i, n. (promitto), a promise;
promissum facere, to make a promise, Hor. ;
promissa servare or prnmissis stare, to keep
promises, Cic; praemiorum promissa, Cic.
promiBSUS -a -um, p. adj. (from promitto).
I. long, hanging down; of hair, eapillus, Cars.;
caesaries, Liv.; barba, Liv. II, producing
much expectation ; carmen, Hor.
promitto -mlsi -missnm, 3. to tel goforxvant,
send forth. I. to grow ; capillum et barbam, to
let grow, Liv. II. 1, to promise, cause to expect,
assure; a, with ace. of tiling and with or
without accept person, si Neptumis, quod Thescn
proiuiserat, non fecisset, Cic. ; with de and the
abl., de horum erga me. bcnevolcntia promitt-
ebam, Cic; with ace. and fut.. infill., promitto
tibi, si valebit, tegulam ilium in Italia nullam
relicturnm, Cic; b, to row, promise to a god ;
donum Jovi dicatum et. promissum, Cic. ; c,
promittere ad aliqueni, ad cenam, to accept an
invitation to dine with; ad fratrem promiserat,
Cic.
promo, prompsi, promptnm, 3. (for proimo,
from pro and emo), to bring forth, bring ovt,
produce. I. Lit., 1, gen., medicaments de nar-
thecio, Cic ; 2, esp., a, /" bring money out of a
coffer, to produce ; aurnm ex aerario, Cic. ; esp.
of the quaestor, alicui pecuniam ex nerario,
Cic. ; b, to bring wine, up out of the cellar ; villa,
Hor.; c, to bring weapons out ; telae pharetra,
Ov. II. Transf., 1, gen., to bring forth, draw
forth ; animus eruditns, qui semper ex se aliquid
proniat, quoddelectet, Cic. ; 2, to bring forward,
titter, express, mention ; plura adversus Cottam,
Tac
promoneo, 2. to warn; t. t. of augury, de
periculis promoveri, Cic.
promontorium -ii, n. (promineo). I. a
mountain-peal;, Liv. II. a promontory, Cic
promota -orum, n. (promoveo), (translation
of the Greek npony^iva), preferable, things, next
in degree to the absolute good, Cic
promoveo -movi -motum, 2. to more for-
wards, push onwards. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, of
things, saxa vectibus, Caes. ; castra ad Car-
thaginem, Liv. ; b, of persons, promovere
legiones, cause to advance, Caes. B. Esp., 1, to
advance a building in a certain direction, to push
on; aggereni in urbeni, Liv.; assa in alteram
angulum, toremore, Cic; 2, to extend ; impcrium,
Ov. II. Fig., A. Gen., promovere arcana loco,
to bring to light, Hor. B. to increase, improve :
doctrina vim promovet insitam, Hor.
prompto, adv. (promptus). I. promptly,
quickly, readily, Tac II. easily, Juv. III.
frankly, freely ; dicam paulo promptius, Cic
1. promptus -a -um, p. adj. (from promo).
I. visible, apparent, manifest; aliud clansnui in
pectore, aliud promptnm in lingua habere,
Sail.; promptaetaperta,C'ic II. Transf., ready,
at hand, prepared. A. Of things, 1, gen., fidem
suam populo Romano promptam, at the disposi-
tion of, Cic; 2, esp., easy; defensio, Cic. B.
Of persons, ready, prepared, resolute, quick, ilis-
posea for; proniptissimua homo ct. experiens,
Cic; with ad or in and thence, ad vim promptus,
Cic; with abl., ingenio, lingua, Liv.; with genit.
(of place), belli (in war) proinptissimos, Sail.
2. promptus -u, m. (promo). I. a being
visible, visibility, only in the phrases : in promptu
esse, to lie visible, manifest, etc., Cic; in promptu
ponere, to make manifest, Cic; in promptu
habere, Sail. II. Transf., A. readiness, only in
the phrases : in promptu esse, to he ready at hand,
Cic. ; in promptu habere, to hare ready at hand,
Cic B. easiness, only in phrases in promptu
esse, to he easy, Sail.
promulgatio -onis, f. (promulgo),a making
publicly known, proclamation, promulgation (of a
proposed law), Cic
promulgo, 1. (pro and mulco), to publish,
promulgate. I. Lit., legal t. t., to publish a pro-
posed law (on three market-days); leges, Cic;
proinulgare de aliquo, Cic. II. Transf., to pub'
lish, make known; proelia, Cic.
pro
447
pro
promulsis -Mis, f. (pro and nililsitin), a dish
taken as a relish before, a meal (eggs, salt-fish,
radishes, etc), a whet.
promunturlum = promontorium (q.v.).
promus -i, in. (promo), the. slave who had
cliargeof lite store-room and served out the daily
supplies, steward, butler, Hor.
promutiius -a •nm, advanced-, paid before-
hand, Caes.
prone, adv. (promts), downward*, on an in-
cline ; prone ac fastigate, Cie.
pronepos -potis, m. a great-grandson, Cic.
proneptis -is, f. a great grand-davghter,
Pera.
pronis = promts, (q.v.). '■
pronoea -ae, f. (n-poi/oia), providence, Cic
pronuba -ae, f. (pro and nubo), a matron
who attended on a bride at a Roman- wedding;
Juno Pronuba, the (/oddest who presided over
•Marriage; trattsf., of Bellona, as presiding over
an unlucky marriage (leading to war), Yerg. ; so
of the Furies, Ov.
pronuntiatlo -5nis, f. (pronuntio). I.
'making known publicly, publication-, Caes. ; esp.,
the decision of a judge, a judgment, Cic. II. In
logic, a proposition, Cic.
pronuntiator -oris, m. (pronuntio), a re-
later ; rerum gestarum, Cic.
pronuntiatum -i, n. (pronuntio), in logic,
a proposition, Cic.
pronuntio, 1. to make publicly known,
publish. I. Gen., to proclaim, announce; pro-
nuiltiare quae ge.sta sunt, Caes. II, A. Esp.,polit.
and niilit. t. t., to publish, proclaim, make known
by proclamation ; a, in public gatherings, by
the herald or crier at the command of the mag-
istrate ; te illo honore affici pronuntiavit, Cic. ;
pronuntiare aliquom praetorem, Liv. ; so of a
command given to the soldiers in a camp ; pro-
mintiatur prima luce ituros, Caes. ; so, publicly
to promise something to the people; nummos in
tribus, Cic. ; b, in the senate, of the consul, to
announce a resolution and the name of its pro-
poser ; Lentulus sententiam Calidii pronuntia-
turutn se negavit,Cic B. Legal 1. 1., a, of judges,
etc., (a) to express; graviorem sententiam, Caes. ;
(0) to decide, pronounce a judgment; de tribunal)
pronuntiavit sese recepturum, Cic. ; b, in an
agreement for a sale, to make a statement as to
the defects of the thing sold ; quutn in vendendo
rem earn scisset et non pronunti.isset, Cic. C.
Bhet. t. t., to declaim, recite, deliver; summit
voce versus multos uno spiritu, Cic.
proniirus -us, f. a grandson's wife, Ov.
pronus -a -um, inclined forward, stooping
forward, hanging down. I. A. Adj., a, of
persons, pronus pendens in verbera, leaning for-
ward to live blow, Verg. ; so of persons, swiftly
running, Ov. ; b, of the position of parts of the
body, inotu prono, Cic; c, of things, anmis,
rushing down., Verg. ; d, transf., (a) of places,
sloping ; Atixur fuit urbs prona in paludes, Liv.;
poet., precipitous, steep; via, Ov. ; (j3) of stars,
setting; Orion, Hor.; (y) of time, hastening
away; menses, Hor. B. Subst., pronum-i, n.,
nihil proni liabere, Cic II. Fig., A. inclined
towards ; 1, to something good or bad ; ad novas
res, Tac ; in obsequium, Hor. ; in hoc consilium,
Liv. ; 2, inclined, well-disposed, favourable; in
aliquem, Tac. B. Heton., easy; omnia virtuta
prona, Sail. ; id pronius ad hdem est, is more
creditable, lAv.
prooemium -ii, n. (n-pootTuoi-). I. a pre-
face, introduction, prelude. Cic II. a beginning,
Juv.
propagatio •fink, f. (1. propago). I. an
extension, enlargement. A. In space, imperii
nostl'i, Cic B. In time, prolonging, extending ;
temporis, Cic. ; vitae, Cic. II. planting, propa-
gation, Cic; transf., of a race, Cic. ; nominis,
Cic y
pr5pagator -oris, m. (1. propago), an ex-
lender, enlarger ; provinciae, Cic
1. propago, 1. (pro and PAG-o, pango). I.
Gen., A. to extend, enlarge ; fines provinciae, Cic.
B. to extend in point of time, prolong ; bellum,
Cic. ; laudem aliening ad sempiternam gloristn,
Cic ; imperium consuli in annum, Liv. ; multa
saeeula reipublicae, to prolong the existence of the.
slate by many centuries, Cic. II. Esp., to' pro-
pagate, plant; transf., of a race, stirpem, Cic
2. propago -Inis, f. (1. propago). I. a sucker,
layer, shoot ; esp., of the vine, Cic II. Transf.,
of men and animals, offspring, progeny, race,
posterity; Romana, Verg.; catulornm, Lucr. ;
plttr., clarorum virorum propagines, genealogies,
Nep.
propalam, adv. publicly, in public; dieere,
Liv. ; collocate, Cic.
propatulus -a -um, open, uncovered. I.
Adj., in aperto jtc propatulo loco, Cic. II.
Subst., prdpatulum -i, n. an open place, un-
roofed space ; hence, in propatulo ; a, openly,
Cic. ; transf., visibly, publicly, Sail. ; b, esp.,
in propatulo aedium, in the open fore-court of a
liause, Liv.
prope (from pro and pe, or else the_nenter
of an unused adj., propis). Conipar., propius;
superb, proxime. I. Adv., A. vicnr; 1, of
space, near; volebam prope alicubi esse, Cic ;
propius, nearer; accedere, Cic; proxime, next;
proxime trans Paduni, Caes. ; 2, of time, near ;
hence, proximo, a short time ago, just now ; quern
proxime nominavi, Cic; 3, of other relations ;
a, of approximation to ; (a) nearly ; prope erat
tit pelleretur, he was near being, etc., Liv. ;
propius nihil est factum quain ut occideretur,
Cic; (J3) nearly, almost; annis prope quad-
raginta, Liv. ; prope desperatis rebus, Cic ;
prope adesse, to be close at hand, Cic. ; (y)
more closely, more accurately ; propius res aspice
nostras, Verg.; (S) of similarity, proxiineatque(ac)
ille, Cic. ; b, of order, near; proxime a Lacyde,
Cic. B. near by, close to, hard by ; gen. with a
and the abl., prope a Sicilia, Cic. II. Prep, with
ace (sometimes with dat.), 1, of space, near to;
prope me, Cic. ; proxime hostem, next the enemy,
Caes.; propius gratumatico acce.ssi, Cic; 2, of
time, near to, close on; prope calendas Sext.,
Cic; 3, of approximation or similarity, not far
from, near to: propius, nearer to; proxime,
nearest to, ve)~y like to ; prope secessionem plebis
res venit, Liv. ; propius tidem est, it deserves
more crexlit, Liv.; proxime morem Romanuin,
Liv. u
propediem, adv. at an early day, very soon,
Cic.
prdpellO -piili -pulsunt, 3. to drive before
one, drive forth, drive away. I. Lit., 1, of things,
a, to drive away, push away ; crates pro luuni-
tione objectas, Caes.; b, to hurl down; corpus
alicuius e scopulo in profnndum, Ov. ; e, tn
drive forward ; liavent in altuiil, Ov. ; 2, a, of
persons, to drive away forcibly, repulse ; hostes,
Caes. ; b, of animals, to drive away ; pecus extra
portain, Liv. II. Fig., a, to drive away ; vitae
pcriculum BO aliquo, Liv. ; b, to drive forwards ;
oratioiiem diabeticorum reims, Cic. ; c, to drive,
to compel ; aliquem ad voluntariani mortem, Tac
propemodS, adv. (prope and modus), al-
most, nearly, Liv.
propomodum, adv. (prope and modus),,
almost, nearly, cic
pro
449
pro
prSpendeo -pendi -pensuni, 2. to hang down.
I. Lit., Uuitutn propenuere illa.ni boni lancem
ut, etc., Cic. II. Fir, bona propendent, to
prejionderate, Cic. ; inclinatione voluntatis ad
aliquem, to be inclined to, favourable touxtrds,
Cic.
propense, ndv. (propensns), readily, will-
ingly ; gen. compar., propeusins, Liv.
propensio -5nie, f. (propendeo), an inclina-
tion towards, propensity, Cic.
propensus -a -urn, p. adj. (from propendeo),
1, inclined to, disposed to ; ad misericordiam,
Cic; in alteram partem. Cic; 2, coming near
to ; ad veritatis similitiulinem, Cic.
prfiperanter, adv. (propero), lustily,
quickly, Tac ; properantius, Sail., Ov.
properantia -ae, f. (propero), haste, rapidity,
Sail.
properatio -5nis, f. (propero), haste, Cic
propSrato, adv. (propero), hastily, quickly,
Tac.
propero, 1. (properus). I. Intransit., to
hasten (from a particular point); a, of persons,
Romam, Cic. ; with in and ace, in patriam,
Caes. ; with nd and ncc, ad aliquem, Caes. ;
with adv., alio, Sail.; with infin., redire, Cic;
absol., properantes arma currant, Sail. ; b, of
things, pvoperans aqua per agro.% Uor. II.
Transit., to hastei something, to accelerate, com-
plete quickly; iter, Sail.; mortem, Verg. ; opus,
stadium, Hor.
Pr5pertiu8 -ii, m., Sex. Ai\relius, a Roman
elegiac poet, torn, in Umbria, educated in i. 1 "".
(about 40-15 B.C.).
prdpSru 8 -a -urn, quick, rapid, hasty, bustling;
circuinstant properi aurigae, Verg.
propexus -a -um (pro and pecto), combed
forwards, hanging doivn ; propexa in pectore
Larba, Verg.; propexam ad pectora barbain, Ov.
propinatlo -onls, f. (propino), a drinking
to one's health, Sell.
propiIH), 1. (irpOTriVw). I. to drink to any
one; propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Cic. II.
Transf., to give drink to any one, Mart.
propinque, adv. (propinquus), near, close
by, riant.
propinqultas -atis, f. (propinquus). I.
nearness, proximity; loci, Cic; h ostium, Caes.
II. Transf., relationship; vinculia propinquit-
atis conjunctus, Cic
pr5pinquo, 1. (propinquus). I. Intransit.,
to come near, draw near, approach. A. Lit., a,
of persons, with dat., scopulo, Verg. ; with ace,
cainpos, Tac; b, of things, ignis domni aliening
propinquat, Tac. B. Transf., of time, to draw
near; Parcaruiu dies et vis inimica propinquat,
Verg. II. Transit., to bring near, hasten;
auguvium, Verg.
propinquus -a -um (prope), near. I. Of
space or position, neighbouring, bordering; pro-
vincia, Cic; with dat., propinquus cubieulo
hortus, Liv.; snbst. (in sing, only with a prep.),
in propinqno esse, to be near, Liv. ; oppido pro-
pinqua, the neighbourhood of the town, Sail. II.
Transf., A. near, as regards time ; reditns, Cic
B. Of other relations, a, similar; quae pro-
pinqu.i viilentnr et linitima, Cic; b, near in
point of relationship, closely connected ; cogliatio,
Cic; witli dat., tibi geiiere propinqui, Sail.;
subst., a kinsman, Cic.
propior -us, genit. -Oils, sniperl., prox-
imus -a -um (prope). I. Compar., prop-
ior, nearer. A. Lit., of place, portus.Verg. ;
pons, Caen.; with dat., propior patriae, Ov. ;
Dent plur. subst., propriora, the nearer re-
gions, Verg. B. Transf., 1, of time, nearer,
more recent; epistola, Cic; with dat., propior
leto, Ov. ; 2, a, of relationship, nearer, wore
closely connected; societas, Cic; quibus propior
P. Quinctio nemo est, Cic. ; b, nearer, more
closely affecting ; sua sibi propriora esse perieula
quam mea, Cic. ; c, nearer in point of likeness,
more similar ; sceleri propriora, Cic ; propius est
vero, Ov. ; with ace. and intln., Liv.; a, more
suitable to; portus propior liuic aetati, Cic ; e,
more inclined towards ; proprior Saturnia Turno,
Ov. II. Superl., proximus -a -um, very near,
nearest. A. Lit., of place, oppidum, Caes. ;
vicinus, Cic; with dat., huic proximus locus,
Cic. ; with ace, proximus quisque hostem,
Liv.; with ab and the abl., aactylus proximus
a postiemo, Cic; snbst., a, proximi, those
standing next, Caes., or those standing nearest,-
Caes.; b, proxlmum -i, n. the nearest, the
neighbou rliaad ;c proximo, Nep. ; proximalllyriei,
Liv. B. Transf., 1, of time, a, of the future,
nert, following ; nox, Caes.; annus, Cic. ; b, if
the past, nearest, most recent; quid proxnnii
node egeris, Cic ; proximis superiorilms diebus,
Caes. ; 2, of succession, next, following next ;
proximus post Lysandrum, Cic; proximum est,
with Infin., lion nasci homini optimum est,
proximum autem (the next best thing) quam
piimuni mori, Cic ; proximum est. with ut and
the subj., the next thing is to, etc. ; proximum
est ut doceain, Cic. ; 3, next in succession, in
rank, in worth ; proximus est huic. dignitati ordo
equester, Cic. ; 4, nearest akin, most nearly
related ; proximus cognatione, Cic. ; subst.,
proximi -orum, m. near relations, Cic. ; 5,
nearest in resemblance, most like; deo proximum,
Cic
propitio, 1. (propitius), to soothe, propitiate,
appease; Venerem, Plaut.
prdpltius -a -um (pro and peto, Gr. irpo-
n-e-njs), favourably inclined, favourable, gracious,
propitious; dii, Cic; hunc propitium sperant,
Cic.
propius, comp. of prope (q.v.).
Propoetides -um, f. maidens of Cyprus who
denied the divinity of Venus end were changeil
into stone.
propola -ae, m. (TrpoirciAijs), a forestaller, re-
tailer, huckster, Cic
propolluo, :!. to pollute greatly, Tac
propono -posui -posltum, 3. I. to put. forth,
place out, set in view, expose, display. A. Lit.,
vexillum, Caes. ; aliquid venale, expose for sale,
Cic. ; oculis and ante oeulos, to place, before the.
eyes, Cic B. Fig., 1, to place before, set before ;
aliquein sibi ad imitandinn, Cic.; 2, to bring
forward; proposita sententia, Cic.; 3, to pro-
pose; proponat quid dicturus sit, Cic; 4, la
report, relate, tell; rem gestam, Caes.; 5, to
make known; epistolam in publico, Cic. ; hence,
a, to propose, promise, offer as a rtwanl ;
praemia alicui, Cic ; b, to threaten, menace;
poenani improbis, Cic. ; 6, to propose a question
for answer; quaestionem, Nep. ; 7, to i
to oneself, purpose, intend; consecutus id, quod
animo proposuerat, Caes.; with ut or ut lie and
subj. ,(iuum mill i proposuissem utcommovei em,
Cic; wiili Infin., quibus proposituin est contra
oinnes philosophos dicere, Cic II. to state the
,.,■ m [ss of a syllogism, Cic
Prdpontis -Idis ami -Idos, f. (Ilpowoi-Ti?),
the Propontis, now the Sea of Marmora ; hence,
Propontiacus -a -um, of or relating to the
PropontU.
proporro. adv. furUier, moreover, Lucr.
proportio -onis, f. proportion, relation, ana-
logy, similarity, Cic.
pro
449
pro
propositio -onis, f. (propono). I. a selling
hefore oneself; 1, the representation which a itum
forms in hi* own mind oj something ; aninii, Cic. ;
vitae, Cic. ; 2, the subject or theme of a discourse,
Cic. II. In logic, the first 'proposition of. a
syllogism, Cic.
propositum -i, n, (propono). I. that which
is set tie/ore one ; 1, a design, ■plan, purpose, in-
tention ; propositum assequi, to accomplish a
design, Cic ; teuere, lo keep to a design, Cic. ; 2,
the subject or theme of a discourse ; ad propositum
redeainus, Cic. II. the 'premiss of a syllogism,
Cic.
propraetor -oris, m. and pro praetore,
a propraetor, a Roman who, after liaving been
praetor at Rome, was sent as governor to a province
without a military command, Cic.
propria, adv. (proprius). I. Lit., peculiarly,
exclusive! ii for onessclf; proprie parvfi parte frui,
Cic. II. Transf., a, peculiarly, characteristically,
personally ; quod tu ipse turn amandus es, id est
proprie t.uum, Cic. ; b, specially, expressly ;
cuius causam neque senatus publice neque alius
ordo propi'ie susceperat, Cic. ; c, accurately, in
a proper sense; illud honestum quod proprie
vereque dicitur, Cic.
proprictas -fitis, f. (proprius), a property,
peculiarity ; rerum, Cic. ; plur., frugum pro-
prietates, Liv.
propritim (proprius), properly, peculiarly,
Lucr.
proprius -a -urn, one's own, special, particu-
lar, peculiar. I. Lit., a, opp. to communis ;
ista calnmitas communis estutriusque nostrum,
Bed culpa mea propria est, Cic; often with
possess, pron., proprius et suns, suus proprius,
nostcr proprius, Cic. ; b, one's own, as opp. to
alienus ; assumpto aliunde uti bono, non pro-
prio, non suo, Cic. II. Transf., A. peculiar to
a person or tiling ; a, characteristic of ; proprium
est senectutis vitium, Cic. ; proprium est ali-
cuius, with ace. and infln., it is the distin-
guishing mark of, it is peculiar to; fnit hoc pro-
prium populi Romani longe a domo bcllare,
Cic; b, special, exclusive; nulla est in repub-
lica causa mea propria, Cic. ; c, of words, proper,
peculiar; discedebat a verbis propriis rerum ac
suis, Cic. B. Esp., lasting, permanent ; munera,
Hor. ; illud de cluobus consulibus perenne ac
proprium inancre potuisset, Cic.
propter (for propiter from prope), adv. I.
near, hard by; quum duo reges cum maximis
copiis propeassiut, Cic. II. Prep, with ace. A.
Lit., of a place, near, hard by ; insulae propter
Siciliam, Cic. B. Transf., on account of, by
reason of, because of, for, from; metum, Cic.;
frigora, Caes. ; propter quos vivit, by whose
means he is alive, ivhom he has to thank for his
life, Cic. (propter sometimes put after its case,
as quern propter, Cic.).
propterea, adv. on that account, therefore,
Cic; toll, by quia, Cic; quod, Cic; ut or ne
and the subj., Cic.
propudiosus -a -urn (propudium), covered
with infamy, full of shame, infamous, Plant.
propudium -li, n. (= quasi porro pudend-
um). I. a shameful action, Plant. II. Meton.,
a wretch, villain, rascal ; propudium illud et
portentum L. Antonius, Cic.
propugnaculum -i, n. (propugno), a for-
tification, rampart, fortress, defence. I. Lit.,
liioenium, Tac ; propugnaculum Siciliae, of the
fleet, Cic; propugnacula imperii, fleets and
armies, Cic. II. Fig., a, lex Aelia et Fufla
propugnacula tranquillitatis, Cic. ; b, groumls
of defence; llrmissimo prnpugnaculo uti, Liv.
15
propugnatio -6nte, f. (propugno), defend,
defending; llg., nostra propugnatio et defensio
dignitatis tuae, Cic. «.
propugnator -oris, m. (propugno), a de-
fender, combatant, soldier. I. Lit., a, duplici
propugnatoruin online defendi, Caes.; b, n
marine; ilimissio propugnatoruin, Cic. II,
Fig., a defender ; patrimonii sui, Cic.
propugno, 1. to skirmish to the front. I.
Intransit., to Jight in defence, to defend oneself;
a, lit., uno tempore propugnare et mnnlre,
Caes. ; e loco, Caes. ; pro vallo, Liv. ; pro suo
partu (of animals), Cic. ; partic. snbst., pro-
pugnantes, the defenders, Caes. ; b, transf., to
fight for something, to fight in defence; pro fauia
alicuius, Cic II. Transit., to defend; inu-
nimenta, Tac.
propulso, 1. (intens. of propello), to drive
back, repel, ward off. I. Lit., hostem, Caes. ;
populum ab ingressione fori, Cic II. Transf.,
i'rigus, famem, Cic ; suspicioiiem a se, Cic.
propylaeon -i, n. (7rpoirv'Aoioi'), a gateway,
entrance; plur., Pr&pWaea -drum, n. (t<x
7rpo7ri'Aaia), the celebrated entrance to the Par-
thenon at Athens, built by Pericles.
pro quaostore, a proquaestor, a quaestor
in a Roman province, who attended to the finances
awl pay of the army, Cic.
proquam, conj. according as, Lucr.
prora -ae, f. (n-piipa), the prow, bow of a ship.
I. Lit., Caes. ; prorae tutela = proreta, Ov.
II. Me to 11.= a ship, Verg., Ov.
prorepo -repsi -reptum, 3. to creep forward,
crawl forth, Hor.
proreta -ae, m. (n-pujpdn)?), the look-out man
at the prow of a ship, Plaut.
ProreSs -fti, m. (npwpeu's), a Tyrrhene sailor,
Ov.
prorlpio -ripiii -reptum (pro ami ranio), 3.
to snatch, tear, drag forth ; hominem, Cic. ; se
proripere, to rush forward, hurry; se in pub-
licum, Liv. ; se ex curia, Cic ; se porta foras,
Caes.; quo proripis (sc. te)? Verg.; llg., quae
libido non se proripiet, Cic
prdrdgatfo -5nis, f. (prorogo), 1, a prolon-
gation, of a term of office, Liv. ; 2, a deferring of
a fixed time, prorogation, Cic.
prorogo, 1. 1, to propose to the people an ex-
tension of something for some jierson, to prolong ;
imperium alicui, Cic. ; provinciam, Cic ; 2, to
put off; dies ad sol vend um, Cic.
prorsum, adv. (pro and versum), forwards.
I. Lit, a, Plaut. ; b, straightforwards, straight
on, Plaut. II. Transf., at all,' Plant, Ter.
prorsiis, adv. (pro and versus), turned for-
wards, forwards. I. prorsUs ibat res, Cic II.
Transf., a, utterly, absolutely, wholly, entirely;
ita prorsus existimo, Cic; prorsus assentior,
Cic; non prorsus, nullo modo prorsus, not at
all ; nullo modo prorsus assentior, Cic ; b, in
a word, to sum up, Sail.
prorumpo -rttpi -ruptum, 3. I. Transit.,
to cause to break forth, thrust forth, send forth;
1, lit., nubem atrain, Verg.; mare proniptum,
the sea breaking in front, Verg.; transf., prorupta
audaeia, unbridled, Cic. II. Intransit., to burst
forth, break forth. A. Lit., per medios, Cic.
B. Transf., to break out; prorumpit pestis, Cic;
of persons, in sceleia ac dedecora, Tac
proruo -rui -rutum, 3. . I. Intransit., to
rush forth; qua proruebat, Caes. II, Transit.,
to overthrow, throw down, .cast to the ground,
destroy ; munitiones, Caes.; vallum, Liv.; Albam
a fundamentis, Liv. ; lmstem profligare ac pro-
mere, Tac.
pro
450
Pro
prosapia -ae, f. a family race, slock (an ar-
chaic word), Sail. ; coram, ut utamur vetcri
verbo, prosapiam, Cic,
proscaenium (proscenium) -li, n. (n-po-
c^iioc), the part oj a theatre before the scenes,
shtge, Liv.
proscindo -scidi -scisstun, 3. to tear off in
front, to rend. I. Lit., to break Up fallow land,
plough up; poet., to plough; terrain, Verg.;
meton., aequor, to plough the waters, Cat. II.
Transf., to censurt, defame, satirise, Ov.
_ proscribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to make
publicly known, publish, Cic; with ace. and
infln., auetimiein in Gallia Narbone se factum, i
esse, Cic. II. Esp., A. to offer publicly for sale or
hire, advertise; insulam, bona, fnndnm, Cic. B.
to confiscate the property of any one; possessiones,
Cic. ; Pompeium, to confiscate the estates gained
by Pompey, Cic. C. to proscribe, outlaw (by
publishing the person's name in a list) ; ali-
quem, Cic. ; proscripti -Omni, m. the pro-
scribed, Sail.
proscriptio -onis, f. (proscribo), 1, oh ad-
vertisement of sale; bonorum, Cic; 2, a pro-
scription, outlawry, Cic.
proscriptiirxOrf 4. (desider. of proscribo), to
desire to declare any one an outlaw, Cic.
proseco -sScfii -sectum, 1. to cut off in front,
cut off, esp., to cut off the portions of a victim to
be sacrificed ; exta, Liv.
prdsectum -i, n. (proseco), the jxirt of a
■vidiyn. cut off to be offered to a god, the entrails,
Ov.
prosemino, 1. to sow. I. Lit., vel in tegnlis
proseminare ostreas, Cic II. Fig., to dissemi-
imte, propagate, Cic.
prosequor -efitns (qufitus) sum -sequi, 3.
dep. to fo'low, accompany. I. In a friendly
sense, A. to accompany, attend, esp. of friends
who "see off" a person going on a journey;
aliquem usque ad agri tines, Cic; prosequi
exsequias, Cic; transf., of things, ventus pro-
sequitur euntes, Verg. ; eos honos, memoria,
desiderium prosequitur amicoruin, Cic B.
Fig., 1, to accompany ; aliquem votis, ominibus,
lacriinisque, Caes. ; 2, a, to honour, adorn, or
present with, treat with ; aliquem verbis honori-
ficis, Cic; aliquem beneficiis, Cic; misericordia,
Cic ; b, of a discourse, to go on with, continue ;
quod non longius prosequar, Cic II. In a hos-
tile sense, to attack, pntrsue; hostem, Caes.;
longius fugientes, Caes.
Proserpina -ae, f. (Uep<T€it>6v7)), th<- daughter
of Ceres and Jupiter, carried off by Pluto to be
queen of the lower world; hence, meton., the
lower world, Hor. (in Verg. and Ov. Proserpina,
in Hor. Proserpina).
prosoucha -ae, f. (n-poo-evxi), a place of
prayer for the Jews, Juv.
prosilfo -ui (-ivi or -ii), 4. (pro and salio).
I. to spring, leap forth. A. 1, lit., ex tabcr-
naculo, Liv. ; ab sede, Liv. ; repente, Cic. ; Un-
ites snis, Verg. ; 2, of things, ftumina p'o-
ailiunt, Ov. B. Fig., vaga prosiliet frenis natura
remotis, Hor. II. to spring forward to a place ;
in contionem, Liv.
prosocer -Sri, m. a wife's grandmother, Ov.
prospecto, 1. (intens. of prospicio), to look
fortrnrd, look forth upon. I. A. Lit., e puppi
pontnm, Ov. ; euntem, Verg. ; ex tectis fenes-
trisque, Liv. B. Transf., of places, to look
towards, be situate towards ; villa quae subjectos
sinus prospectat, Tac II. P'ig., to look for,
hope, expect; exsilium, Cic; te quoque fata
prospectant paria, a like fate awaits, Verg.
prospectus -lis, in. (prospicio). I. an out-
look, view, prospect; nnde longe ac late pro-
spect ns erat, Liv.; prospectum impedire, Caes. ;
meton., the sight ; aequora prospectu metior
alta meo, Ov. II. Pass., view, sight; cum jam
extremi essent in prospectu, were within sight,
Caes.
prospeculor, l. dep. I. Intransit., to look
out to a distance ; hence, to explore, reconnoitre,
Liv. II. Transit., to look for, wait for ; a.dvei\t\.m\
iinperatoris, Liv.
prosper (prosperus) -a -um (pro and
spero), according to one's hope; hence, I. for-
tunate, favourable, lucky, prosperous ; fortnna,
Cic ; exitus, Cic. ; subsf., prospera -6rum, i.».
prosperity, good fortune, Ov. II. Transit.,
bringing good fortune, propitious ; Bellona, Ov.;
with genit., prospera frugum, Hor.
prospere, adv. (prosper), prosperously, for-
tunately, favourably ; procedere prospere, Cic.
prospergo -spersi -sparsum, 3. (pro and
spargo), to sprinkle, Tac.
prosperltas -litis, f. (prosper), prosperity,
good fortune; vitae, Cic; plur., improboruiu
prosperitates, Cic.
prospero, 1. (prosper), to make fortunate or
prosperous, to cause to succeed, to give a favourable
issue to ; alicui victoriain, Liv.
prosperus = prosper (q.v.).
prospicientia -ae, f. (prospicio), foresight,
precaution, Cic.
prospicio -spexi -speetum, 3. (pro and
specio). I. Intransit., to look forward, look into
the distance. A Lit., 1, ex castris in uibem,
Caes. ; multum, to hove a wide prospect, Cic ; 2,
to look out, be upon the natch, Nep. B. Fig., to
exercise foresight, to take precaution ; with dat.,
consulate robis, prospicite patriae, Cic. ; with ut
and the subj., Cic; with no and the subj.,
Caes. II. Transit., to see, behold, gaze, upon
from afar A. Lit., 1, Italiam ab unda, Verg. ;
2, transf., of places, to look towards, be situate
towards ; domus prospicit agros, Hor. B. Fig.,
a, to foresee ; casus futures, Cic. ; b, to look out
for, provide, procure; ferramenta, Cic; com-
meattis, Liv.
prosterno -strftvi -strStum, 3. to strew be-
fore, throw dorm in front, cast down. A. Lit.,
a, circa vinm corpora humi, Liv. ; se ad pedes
sunnius, Cic. ; hence, prostratus -a -um (se.
humi), lying on the ground ; ad pedes, Cic. ; b,
to throw down with violence; hostem, Cic B.
Fig., 1, se abjicere et prosternare, to debase one-
self, Cic. ; 2, to throw to the ground, overthrow,
destroy, ruin ; omnia furore, Cic ; aliquem, Cic.
(syneop. infln. perf., prostrasse = prostravisse,
Ov.).
prostituo -stitiii -stltutum, 3. (pro and
statno), to prostitute ; vocem ingrato foro, Ov.
prosto -stlti, 1. to Jand before; hence, I. to
stand forward, project, Lucr. II. Of goods,
to be exposed for sale; liber prostat, Hor.; vox
prostitit, Cic ; to sell one's person, prostitute one-
self; transf., illud amicitiae quondam venerablle
nomen prostat, Hor.
prosubigo, 3. to dig up, throw vp; terrain,
Verg.
prosum, proffli, prodesse, to be useful, advan-
tageous to; ilia quae prosvmt aut quae nocent,
Cii-. ; with dat., qui nee sibi nee alteri prosunt,
dicere quod ransae prosit, Cic. ; with intiii.,
multum prodest ea quae meturmtur ipsa con-
teinnere, Cic. ; quid mini flngere prodest? Ov.
Pr6tftg5ras -ae, m. (npcoraydpa?). a Greek
philosopher, of Abdera, contemporary with So-
crates, banished from Jttica on a charge oj
atheism.
pro
151
pro
protego -lexi -tectum, 3. I. io cover in
front. A. Lit., tabemacula protecta hedera,
Caes. ; aliquem scuto, protect, Caes. B. Transf.,
to cover, protect ; jaceutem, Oic ; regeni, Liv.
II. to furnish with a roof; aedes, Cic.
protelo, 1. (pro and teluin), to drive off, put
to flight, Tor.
protelum •]', n. (protendo), a yoke of oxen ;
fig., a series, succession; Lucr.
protendo -tendi -tentam and -tensum, 3. to
stretch forward, stretch out; brachia in mare,
Ov. ; cerviceni, Tac. ; temo protentus in oeto
pedes, eight feet long, Verg.
protenus (protinus), adv. forward, fur-
ther, further on. I. Lit, protcnus ago capellas,
Verg. ; quuni ad alias angustias protenus perg-
erent, Liv. II. Transf., A. without delay,
straightway, on tlie sjmt ; Laodiccam protenus
ire, Cic. ; ut is ad te protenus niittat, Cic. B.
of unbroken extent, continuously ; quum protenus
utraque tellus una foret, Verg. C. Of unbroken
succession in time, 1, constantly, continuously;
quern (morem) protenus urbes Albanae coluere
saernm, Verg. ; 2, immediately, at once ; a,
protenus Cart haginein ituros, Liv. ; protenus de
via, Liv.; b, immediately, at the beginning;
orntio protenus perficiens auditorera benevolnm,
Cic.
protero -trivi -tritum, 3. I. to trample under
foot, tread down. A. a, lit., equitatus aversos
proterere ineipit, Caes. ; fruinentum, Liv. ; b,
hence, to overthrow in battle, rout, defeat ; Poenos,
Hor. B. Fig., to trample on, despise; aliquem,
Cic. II. to drive away, push aside ; ver preterit
(testes, Hor.
proterreo -terriii -terrltum, 2. to frighten
away, scare away ; Themistoclem patria pulsum
atqne proterritum, Cic. ; aliquem verbis gravis-
simis, Cic.
proterve, adv. (protervus), boldly, impu-
dently, shamelessly, Ov.
protervltas -atis, f. (protervus), boldness,
impudence, Cic. ; and in a milder sense, wanton-
ness, pertness, Hor.
protervus -a -um (protero), trampling upon
everything; hence, I. violent, vehement; venti,
Hor. ; stella canis, Ov. II. bold, impudent,
shameless, and in a milder sense, wanton, pert;
homo, Cic. ; juvenes, Hor.
Protesilaus -i, m. (Upwrco-tAaos), the hus-
band of Laodamia, the first Greek who landed
before Troy in the Trojan war, and the first of the
Greeks to be slain. Adj., Protesilaeus -a
•um, belonging to Protesilaus.
ProteUs -Si and -eos, m. (npwTev's), a god
of the sea, the herdsman of Poseidon's sea-calves,
a prophet who would not answer those who con-
sulted him except when bound in. chains, and
who had the power of changing himself into dif-
ferent shapes; Protei columnae, poet., the bor-
ders of Egypt, Verg.; appellat., a changeable or
a crafty man, Hor.
protinam (protenam), adv. (protinus),
immediately, directly, at once, Plaut.
protinus = protenus (q.v.).
Protogencs -is, m. (npioroyeVns), a famous
Greek painter of Caunos on the coast of Carta,
flourishing about 300 B.C.
protollo. 3. I. to put forth, stretch forth,
Plaut. II, to extend, lengthen, prolong, Plaut.
protraho -traxi -tractum, 3. to draw, drag
forth. I. to drag to a place. A. Lit, aliquem
hine in convivium, Cic. B. Transf., 1, to draw
firth ; a, aliqnid in lucein, Lucr. ; b, to bring
to light, to reveal, make known ; auctorem nefandi
faeinoris, Liv.; 2, to compel, force; aliquem ad
indicium, Liv. II. Transf., to extend hi po-tnt
of time, protract, defer, Suet.
protrudo -triisi -triisum, 3. to push forward,
thrust forth. I. Lit, cylindrum, Cic. II. Fig., to
put off, defer; comitia in Januarium mensem, Cic.
proturbo, 1. to drive foiivard, drive away,
repel ; a, of persons, equites, Caes. ; hostes tells
missilibusque saxis, Liv. ; b, of things, pectons
silvas, to throw down, Ov.
prout, conj. according as; prout res pos.
tulat, Cic.
provectus -a -um (p. adj. from proveho),
advanced in-age ; longius aetate provectus, Cic.
proveho -vexi -vectum, 3. to carry forward,
to lead forward. I. Act., A. Lit., aer a tergo
quasi provehit, Lucr. B. Fig., 1, to carry away,
carry too far, lead on ; pass., provehi = to be
carried away, to allow oneself to be earned away ;
vestra benignitas provexit oratiouem meam.Cic. ;
gaudio provehente (me), Liv. ; studio reruin
rusticarum provectus sum, Cic. ; 2, to bring
forwards, to advance, raise, promote ; aliquem ad
summos honores, Liv. II. Pass., provehi, in
a middle sense, to go forward, rideforitard, ride,
drive, sail to a place. A. Lit, of persons,
esp. of persons in a ship or of the ship itself,
Nasidius cum classe freto Siciliae provehitur,
Caes. B. Fig., to go too far ; sentio me esse
longius provectnm quam, etc., Cic; longius in
amicitia provehi, Cic; quid ultra provehor?
why do I continue ? Verg.
provenio -veni -ventum, 4. to come forth.
1. Lit, in scenam, to appear upon the stage,
Plaut. II. Transf., A. to come up, shoot forth,
grow; frumentuin propter siccitates angustius
provenerat, Caes. B. Fig., to residt, turn out;
ut initia belli provenissent, Tac. ; and esp., to
turn out well, succeed, prosper ; carmina proven-
iunt animo deducta sereno, Ov.
proventus -fls, m. (provenio). I. a cmuing
forth, growing. A. Lit., Plin. B. Meton.,
growth, product, crop; proventu oneret sulcos,
Verg. II. Fig., the restdt, issue; pngnae, Caes.;
secundi reruin proventus, Caes. ; esp., fortunate
result, success, Liv. ; temporis superioris, Caes.
proverbium -li, n. (pro and verbum), a
proverb ; in proverbii consuetudinem venit, has
become a proverb, Cic ; veteri proverbio, after
the old proverb, Cic. ; ut est in proverbio, as is
said in the proverb, Cic ; quod e3t Graecis
hominibus in proverbio, is a proverb among, Cic.
providens -entis, p. adj. (from provideo),
provident, prudent, Cic. ; quod est providentius,
Cic.
providentSr, adv. (providens), providently,
with forethought, Sail. ; providentissime con-
stitnere aliquid, Cic.
provldentia -ae, f. (provideo). I. fore-
sight, foreknowledge ; provicfentia est, per quam
futurum aliquid videtur ante quam factum sit,
Cic. II. forethought, providence; deorum, Cic.
prdvidSo -vidi -visum, 2. to look forward to,
sec at a distance. I. Lit., aliquem non pro-
vidisse, Hor.; quid petatur .provideri, Liv.
II. Transf., 1, to see beforehand, to foresee ; quod
ego, prinsquam loqui coepisti, sensi atque pro-
vidi, Cic. ; medicus morbum providet, Cic. ;
2, to take, precautions for or against something,
to provide for, make preparation for, care for ;
(a) with ace, rem frumentariam, Caes. ; multa,
Cic. ; consilia in posternni, Cic. ; (j8) with de
and the abl., de re frumentaria, Caes. ;' de
Brundisio atquo ilia ora, Cic. ; (y) with dat,
saluti hoininum, Cic. ; (5) with ut or ne and
the subj., ne quid ei desit, Cic; ut res quam
rectissime agantur, Cic; («) absol., actum de
te est, nisi provides.- Cic. • -
pro 4
1 providus -a -um (provideo). I. foreseeing ;
rerum futurarum, Cie. II. earifig beforehand;
1, providing for, hiking measures for; naturn
provida utilitatum, Cie.; 2, cautious, provident,
'prudent ; orator, Cie.
provincia -ae, f. (perhaps pro and VIC, root
of vices). I. employment, charge, sphere of duty ,
office ; illam ofticiosam provineiam at me in lec-
tulo trucidaret, Cie. ; quasi provincias atomis
dare, Cie. II. l'olit. t.t., the sphere of office assigned
to a magistrate, a charge, office. A. a, of Rinnan
magistrates, sortiri provincias (inter se), Liv. ;
of the jurisdiction of the praetor urbanus and
peregrinus, provincia urlana et peregrins, Liv. ;
of a military command, Sieinio Volsci, Aquilio
Hernici (nam hi quoqtie inarmis erant) provincia
evenit, Cie. ; of a command at sea, provincia
classis, provincia maritime, Liv. ; b, of non-
Roman magistrates, Hannonis cis Iberum pro-
vincia erat, had the command, Liv. B. the
government of o province, a country outside the
limits of Italy ; and meton., the province itself;
primus annus provinciae erat, Cie. ; dare alicui
provineiam, Cie; administrare provineiam, Cie. ;
hence, provincia, the province, esp., either a, the
eoM part of Gallia Narbonensis, Caes., or b, the
Roman province of Asia, Caes.
provincialis -e, of or relating to a province.
I. Adj., scientia, how to govern a province, Cie. ;
administratio, government of a province, Cie.;
abstinentia, moderation in governing, Cie. II.
Subst., provincialos -Ium, m. inhabitants of
the provinces, provincials, Cie.
provislo -onis, f. (provideo), 1, a, a foresee-
ing, a foreknowledge ; auirni, Cie. ; b, foresight ;
animi, Cie; 2, a providing, provision; a, for
something; tempons posted, Cie; b, against
something ; vitiorum atque incommodorum, Cie
1. proviso, 3. to look out for. go to see, Ter.
2. proviso, adv. with forethought, circum-
spectly, Tac.
prSvisor -Oris, m. (provideo), 1, one who
foresees; dominatlonum, Tac; 2, a provider;
utillum, Hor.
provisus -us, ra. (provideo). I. a lookiiig
before, a looking into the distance, Tac. II.
Transf., A. seeing beforehand, fiorcsceiv.g ; peric-
ull, Tac. B. a providing, provision; provisus
rei frumentariae, Tac.
provivo -vixisse, 3. to live on, continue to
live, Tac.
provdeatio -onis. f. (provoco), a rolling
forth, an appeal to a higher court of law; pro-
vocate ad populum, Cie ; magistrates sine
provocation/, from whose decision there is no
appeal, Liv. ; est provocatio, an appeal is pos-
sible, Liv.
provocator -oris, m. (provoco), one who
challenges or summons to fight, esp., a kind of
gladiator, Cie
provoco, 1. to call forth, call out. I. Gen.,
a, lit., herum, Plaut. ; b, transf., of things, to
cause to come forth ; roseo ore diem (of Aurora),
Ov. II. Esp., A. to call forth, to excite, rouse,
and in a bad sense = to provoke ; 1. munincerrtia
nostra provocemus plebetn, Liv.; beneticio pro-
vocate Cie ; 2, to challenge to a game, combat,
drinking, etc.; ad pngnam, Cie; esp. in pass.,
provocatus maledictis, injuriis, Cie. B. Legal
t. t., to summon before a higher court, to appeal
to anigher tribunal ; a, llt.,adpopuluin, Cie; ab
omni.ludicio poenSque provocar: licere, Cie; b,
transf., to appeal to; provocare ad Ciitoneiu, Cie
provolo, I. to fly forth; transf., of men, to
rush forth, hasten forth; sublto, Caes.; ad
primores, Liv.
provolvo -volvl -vviatum, 3. to roll forward,
2 pee
roll along, roll over and over. I. Lit., a, gell.,
congestaa lapidiun moles, Tar. ; b, to throw one-
self down, fid! down before; se alicui ad pedes,
Liv.; provolvi ad genua alicuins, Liv. II. Fig.,
a, multi fortunis provolvebantur, teere ruineil,
Tac; b, middle = to abase, oneself, Tac.
prdvSmo, 2. to inmit forth, Lucr.
proximo, superl. of prope (q.v.).
proximltas -atis, f. (proximus). I. near-
ness, vicinity, proximity, Ov. II. Fig., 1, neui
relationship, Ov. ; 2, similarity, Ov.
proximo, adv. (abl. of proximus), very
lately, Cie
proximus -a -um, superl. of propior (q.v.).
prudens -entis (contr. from providensXybre-
seeing. I. Partic. = knowing, with intention;
quos prudens praetereo Hor.; prudens et sriens
sum profeetus, Cie. II. Adj., A. versed, skilled,
experienced, practised in anything ; rei militaris,
Nep. ; locorum, Liv. ; with inlin., prudens
dissipare, Hor. B. prudent, discreet, wise,
sagacious, judicious; vir natura peracutus et
prudens, Cie; transf., of things, consilium,
Cie. ; with genit, cetcraruni rerum prudens, in
all other matters, Cie ; with do and the abl.,
in jure civili, Cie ; in existimando admodum
prudens, Cie.
prudenter, adv. (prudens), prudently, dis-
creetly, sagaciously, wisely ; facere, Cie. ; intel-
ligere, Cie
prudentia -ae, f. (prudens). I, knowledge
of any subject ; juris publici, Cie ; phvsieornm,
Cie II. prudence, sagacity, practical wisdom,
discretion ; prudentia est. rerum expetendarum
fugiendarumque scientia, Cie; prudentia cer-
nitur in delectu bonorum et malorum, Cie
pruiiia -ae, f. I. hoar-frost, rime, Cie. II.
Plur., prninae, meton., a,— winter, Verg. ; b,
= snmv, Verg.
pruinosns -a -um (pruinn), fid! of hoar-frost,
covered with hoar-frost; nox, Ov. ; axis (Auroras)
pruinosus = matutinus, Ov.
prima -ae, f. a live coal, Hor.
pruniceus -a -um, of plum-tree wood, Ov.
prunum -i, n. a plum, Hor.
prunus -i, f. (n-poucj)), a plum-tree, Plin.
prurigo -inis, f. (prurio), the itch, Mart.
prurio, 4. to itch, Juv.
Priislas -ae, m. king in Bithynia, who re-
ceived Hannibal, but aftrnvards betrayed him to
the. Romans.
prytaneum -i, n. (-rravTavtiov), the town-hall
incertain Greek cities where the pry tanes assembled
and where persons who had done, distinguished
senders to the state were entertained, Cie.
prjrtanis, aee. -in, m. (^p^Taii?), a chief
magistrate in certain of the Greek states, Liv.
psallo, psalli, 3. (ipdWoi), to play on, sing
to it stringed instrument, especially the cithara ;
psallere docta, skilled in singing, Hor. '
psalterlum -li, n. (\lia\rripioi'), a stringed
instrument, the psaltei-y, Cie
psaltria -ae, f. (i^aATpia), a female player on,
or singer to the cithara, Cie
Ps&mathe -es, f. I. daughter ofi the Argivt
king Crotopus, Ov. II. a sea-nymph, mother ofi
Phocus, Ov.
1. psec&S -adis, f. (i|-eKof), the ficmalc slave
who anointed her mistress's hair, Juv.
2. Psecas -idis, f. name of u nymph among
the attendants of Diana.
psephisma -afcta, n. (li^nr/Aii), a decree of
the people among the Greeks, Cie.
Pse
453
pud
Pscudocato -finis, in. a sham Cain, Cic.
Pseudodamasippus -i, in. a sham Damas-
ipptu, Cic.
Pseudolus -i, m. The Liar (title of a comedy
by Plautus), Cic.
pseudomcnOS -i, IU. (i/zeuSo^ei/os), a sophis-
tical syllogism, Cic.
Pseudophilippus -i, in. (*tv$o<bi\Linros),
a sham Philip, i.e., Andriscus, who gave himself
out to be Philip, son of Perseus, king of Macedonia.
pseuddthyrum -i, n. (\f,(v&6ev P ov), a secret
door; tig., per pseudotltyrum revertantnr
(lmmini), in a secret way, Cic.
psithlus (psy thins) -a -uin, psithian, name
of a kind of Greek vine ; vitas, Verg. ; subst.,
psithia -ae, f. (sc. vitis), Very.
psittacus-i, in. (ipirroKOs), a parrot; loquax,
Ov.
Psophis
cadia.
-Idis, f. (*<o0iy), a town in Ar-
psora -ae, f. (i//wpa), the mange, itch, Plin.
psychomantium -ii, n. (^xoy-avrdov), the
place where the souls of the dead were invoked, a
place where necromancy is practised, Cic.
psythius = paithins (q.v.).
-pt6, enclit. particle appended to pers. and
poss. pronouns in the abl., self, our; suoptc
pondere, Cic. ; su&pte maim, Cic.
Pteleon (-um) -i, n. (TlTeKeoi-), a town in
Thessaly, over against Euboea, now Ftelia, Liv.
ptisanarium -Ii, n. a decoction of crushed
barley or rice, Hor.
Ptolemaeus (Ptoldmaeus) -i, m. (iiroAe-
/ioios), the first king of Egypt after Alexander's
death with the surname Lagi (sc. lilius, i.e., son
of Lag us); after liini each king of bis line was
called Ptolemaeus. Hence, 1, Ptolemaeus
-a -uin, belonging to Ptolemy, poet. = Egyptian;
2, PtdlemaiS-Idis, f. name of several towns, one
in Egypt, another in Phoenicia, another in Gyrene.
pubens -entis (* pubeo), arrived at puberty ;
transf., of plants, in full growth, luxuriant,Verg.
puber -bens = 2. pubes (q.v.).
pubertas -atis, f. (puber), puberty, the age of
maturity. I. Lit, nondum pubertatem ingres-
sus, Tac. II. Meton., A. the signs of puberty,
the hair on the chin, Cic. B. virility, Tac.
1. pubes -is, f. I. the signs of puberty, the
hair on the chin, Plin. II. Meton., A. the
pudenda, Verg. B. a, the youth, adult popula-
tion; omnia Iteliae pubes, Verg.; b, transf.,
people, Jolk ; agrcstis, Verg.
2. pubes -8ris, arrived at the age of puberty,
adult. I. Lit., prope puberein aetatem, Liv.;
subst, puberes -um, m. the men, the adult
population, Caes. II. Transf., downy, ripe;
folia, Verg.
pubesoo -bui, 3. (iuchoat of pubeo). I. to
become pubescent, arrive at the age of puberty. A.
Lit., Hercules, quuin prinium pubesceret, Cic.
B, Transf., to grow up, arrive at maturity;
quae terra gignit, maturata pubescunt, Cic.
II. Ls]i., to be covered with the signs of puberty;
transf., to be covered or clothed with something;
prata pubescunt variorum (lore coloruin, Ov.
publicanus -a -um (publicum), relating to
the Janniiig of the public taxes, Cic. ; gen. subst,
publicanus -i, in. a farmer of the Roman,
taxes (generally of the equestrian order), Cic.
publieatio -Onis, f. (publico), a confiscation ;
boiioruni, Cic.
publico, adv. (publicus). I. publicly (opp.
pnvatp!!); a, in the nam or at ike command of
the state; dicere, Cic; venire, Cic. ; b, til (lib
interest of the state, to the good of the state, for the
state ; publice esse laudem, it is an. honour to the
state, Caes.; publice acribere or litteras mittere,
Cic. ; c, at the cost of the state ; vesci, Liv. II.
generally, all together, without distinction ; publice
ire exsulatum, Liv.
publicitlis, adv. (publicus). I. at the public
expense, in the public service. Plant. II. Transf.,
publicly, before all the world, Plant.
Publicius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, tlie
most famous members of which were the two
brothers L. and M. Publicii Malleoli, bothAediles,
who laid out and paved the Clivuff Publicus, the
chief entrance to the Aventine. Hence, adj.,
Publicianus -a -um, Publician.
publico, 1. (publicus). I. to appropriate to
the public use, confiscate ; regit m n, Caes.; priv-
ate, Cic. II. to give over to the public use. A,
Gen., Aveutiiiuni, Liv. B. Esp., to make public,
publish, Tac.
Publicola -ae, m. (also written Poplicola
and Poplieula, from poplus (— populus) and
colo), the honourer of the people, the people's
friend, a surname of P. Valerius Publicola, the
first consul of the Roman republic.
publicus -a -um (so poblicus and poplicus
from poplus for populus), belonging to the people,
public. I. of or belonging to the commonwealth,
in the name of or on account of the people, at the
public expense. A. Adj., loca, Cic. ; suinptu
publico, at the cost of the state, Cic. ; boiium
publicum, the commonweal, Liv. B. Subst.,
publicum -i, n., a, the property of the state,
public territory ; Campanula, Cic. ; b, the public
revenue, the treasury; convivari de publico, at
the cost of the slate, Cic. ; in publicum euiere,
Liv. ; dum in eo publico essent, farming of the
taxes, Liv. ; plur., societates publicorum, com-
panies of the farmers of the taxes, Cic. ; o, the
public stores; in publicum conferre frumenti
quod inventum est, Cic; d, publicity, an open
place, the open street ; prodire in publicum, Cic;
blandiores in publico quam in private, Liv. ;
publico carere, to remain at home, Cic. ; legem
ptoponere in publicum or in publico, openly,
Liv., Cic. II. universal, common, general, or-
dinary ; a, lit, verba, Cic. ; lux publica mundi,
the sun, Ov. ; publica cura juvenuni prodis,
general object of the care of, etc., Hor. ; b,
poet, common, bad, ordinary; structure car-
minis, Ov.
Publllius -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous of which were : Publilia, the second
wife of Cicero ; Publilius, her father ; and Publfus
Publllius Locbius Syrus, a celebrated mime and
writer of mimes towards the end of the republic;
adj., relating to the Publilian gens, Liv.
Publius -ii, m. a common Roman praenomen,
abbreviated P.
pudendus -a -um (partic. of pudeo), of
which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, dis-
graceful; vita, Ov. ; vulnera, Verg.
pudons -entis, p. adj. (from pndeo), modest,
shamefaced; pudentes ac boni viti, Cic; te
videri pudentiorem fuisse, Cic. ; femina pudent-
issima, Cic.
pudenter, adv. (pudens), modestly, bash-
fully, Cic. ; pudentius ad hoc genus sermon is
accedere, Cic; pudentissime hoc Cicero petierat,
Cic.
pudeo -rti -Ituni, 2. I. to be ashamed; ji),
duei ad pudendum, Cic. ; partic subst, pud^
cntes, modest persons, Caes. II. to cause shame,
fill with shame. A. Pers., me autem quid
pudeat, qui, etc., Cic. B. Impers., / (you, he,
etc.) am ashamed, with $co, of £he pers.; ceteros
pud
■154
pul
pudeat, Cie. ; And with genit. of the tiling
causing the shame ; te huius templi pudet, Cic. ;
with genit. alone, pudet deorum hominuuique, it
is a disgrace befure God and men, Li v.; with
infill., pudet dicere, Cic. ; dep., puditum est,
nonne esset puditum si, etc.? ought Ihey not to
be ashamed that, etc. ? Cic.
pudibundus -a -uin (pudeo), shamefaced,
modest, bashful ; matrons, Hor.
pudice, adv. (pudicus), modestly, virtuously,
chastely, Cat.
pudicitia -ae, f. (pudicus), bashfulness,
modesty, chastity, virtue, Cie. ; Pudicitia, personif.
as a goddess (patrician and plebeian), Liv.
pudicus -a -uni (pudeo), modest, bashful,
chaste, virtuous; a, of persons, Cic. ; b, transf.,
of things, mores, pieces, Ov.
pudor -oris, in. (pudeo), the feeling of shame,
shyness, bashfulness, modesty, decency. I. Lit.,
a, natura pudorque meus, my natural modesty,
Cic. ; paupertatis, on account of poverty, Cic. ;
famae, Cic. ; pudor est or pudori est with infin.,
I am ashamed, Ov.; b, chastity, purity; pudorem
projicere, Ov. ; Pudor, personif. as a deity, Yerg.
II. ileton., A. that which causes shame, a dis-
grace; pudori esse, Liv. B. the blush of shame;
famosus, Ov.
puella -ae, f. (pnellus), a girl, maiden. I.
Lit., A. Gen., a maiden, Cic. B. Esp., 1, a
sweetluart, Ov. ; 2, a daughter; Danai puellae,
Hor. II. Transf., a young woman, a young wife,
used of Penclope ; Ov. ; ofLucretia, Ov. ; puella
Phasias, Medea, Ov.; Lesbis, Sappho, Ov.; Lyda,
Omphale, Ov.; Cressa, Phaedra, Ov.
puellaris -e (puella), of or belonging to a
maiden or young woman, girlish, maidenly, Ov.
puellula -ae, f. (dim. of puella), a little girl,
Cat.^
puellus -i, in. (dim. of puer, for puerulus), a
little boy, Lucr.
piier -i, m. (root PU, whence Laconian 7roip>
= W019). I. a child ; plur., pueri = children, Cic.
II. Esp., a male child, boy, lad. A. Lit., a, pro-
perly ft boy under seventeen, Cic. ; but used also of
Octavianus in his nineteenth year, Cic. ; and of
Pallas, who commauded a company of soldiers,
Verg. ; puer sive jam adolescens, Cie. ; a puero,
a pueris, from boyhood, Cie.; ex pueris excedere,
to pass out of boyhood, Cic. ; b, boy = son ; As-
canius puer, Verg.; Latonae, Apollo, Ilor. ; Ledae
pueri, Cc<stor and Pollux, Hor. B. Transf., 1,
(like 7roi5), a waiter, serving-lad, a servant, slave;
tuus, Cie. ; pueri regii, royal pare-;, Liv. ; 2, an
unmarried man, a bachelor, Ov.
piierilis -e (puer), youthful, boyish. I. Lit.,
aetas, Cic. II. Transf., puerile, childish, silly ;
consilium, Cic. : si puerdius his ratio esse
evincet amare, Hor.
pueriliter, adv. (puerilis). I. boyishly, like
a boy; blandiri, Liv. II. Transf., childishly,
foolishly; facere, Cic.
pueritia -ae, f. (puer), boyhood; a pueritia,
from boyhood, Cie.
puerporus -a -urn (puer and pario), relat-
ing to chdd-birth ; verba, words supposed to assist
labour, Ov.
puerperium -ii, n. (puerperns), a lying-in,
laboxir, confinement, Tac
puertia — pueritia (q.v.).
puerulus -i, m. (dim. of puer), a little boy, a
young slave, Cic.
puga (pyga) -ae, f. (nvyrj), the rump, but-
tocks, Hor.
pugil -ilis, m. (connected with pugnus), a
boxer, fighter with the cestus, pugilist, Cic,
f. (pugil), « fight with the
m. (pugil), a fighting with
pugilatlo -oiii
cestus, Cie.
piigilatus -us
the cestus, Plant.
piigillaris -e (pugillus), that can be grasped
with the fist, Juv. ; subst., piigillares -Inin,
111. (sc. libclli or codicilli), writing-tablets, waxen
tablets, Cat.
pugillus -i, 111. (dim. of pugnus), a handful,
Plin.
pugio -onis, m. (pungo), a dagger, dirk,
poniard. I. Lit., omentum pugionem tenens,
Cic. II. Fig., plumbeus pugio, a weak argu-
ment, Cic.
pugiunculus -i, in. (dim. of pugio), a little
dagger, Cic.
pugna -ae, f. (connected with pugnus), a
fight, cither of one man against another, or of
several (proelium, a fight between armies, cp.
diurtinitate pugnae dei'essi praelio excedebaut,
Caes.). I. A. Lit., a, gen., cquestris, cavalry
engagement, Cic. ; navalis, Cic. ; pugnam com-
mittere, Cic, cum aliquo, Cic; pugna decertare,
Caes.; b, esp M athletic games; pugna quin-
quennis Uraia Elide, Ov. B. Meton., a, the
line or array of battle; pugnam mediam tueri,
Liv. II. Transf., contest, contention ; doctis-
simorum hominum, Cic.
pugnacitas -5tis, f. (pugnax), desire of
fighting, pugnacity, Tac.
pugnaciter (pugnax), pugnaciously, obstin-
ately; ceitare cum aliquo, Cic; pugnacissime
defendeie sententiain, Cic.
pugnator -oris, m. (pugno), a fighter,' com-
iatant, soldier, Liv.
pugnax -acis (pugno), fond of fighting, com-
bative, contentious, martial. I. Lit., pugnax
.Minerva, Ov. ; centurio, Cic II. Transf., A.
combative, contentious, polemical; exordium . lic-
endi, Cic. ; oratio pugnacior, Cic. B. Of dis-
course, obstinate, refractory; contia senatorem,
Cic.
pugno, 1. (pugna), to fight, combat, give
battle. I, Lit., both of single combatants and
of whole armies, cum aliquo, Cues. ; ex equo,
Cic. ; pro coininodis patriae, Cic. ; pugna suiiima
contentione pugnata, Cic. ; iinpers.j pngnatur
uno tempore omnibus locis, Caes. ; partic
subst., pugnantes, the combatants, Cans. II.
Transf., A. to struggle, to contend, fight ; pugnant
Stoici cum Peripateticis, Cic. ; sed ego tecum in
eo non pugnabo, quominus utnim velis eligas,
Cic. ; with ace and intin., to maintain in dispute,
Cic. ; transf., of things, pngnat ciiti scntentia
eecum, Ov. B. Esp., a, ' it; uttota
in oratione tua tecum ipse pugnares, Cic. ; b,
to strive, struggle, exert oneself; followed by ut
or ne or quominus with the subj., illud pugna
et enitere ut, etc., Cic.
pugnus -i, in. (root PUG, Gr. nYf", whence
n-vf), the fi-it ; j 'lignum facere, Cic; aliquein pug-
nis concidere, Cic.
pulchcllus -a -uin (dim. of puleher), very
pretty ; Bacchae, Cie. ; used ironically of Clodius,
with a jam on his surname Puleher, Cic.
l. puleher -chra -chrum and pulcer -era
■crum (connected with pol-ire, pnrere, etc), .
beautiful, fair, lovely. I. Lit., puer, Cic; quid
aspectu pulchrius ? Cic. ; tubs pulchcrrima,
Caes. II. Transf., a, excellent, admirable, fine,
glorious; exempluni, Caes.; facinus, Sail.; fac-
tum pulchcrrimum, Sail. ; pulchrura est, it is
noble, glorious, fine ; with ace. and infin., illis
pnlcherriinnni fuit tantani vobis imperii gloriam
tradere; Cic.; b, lucky, happy; dies, Hor.; ne
pnlchruin s&ac peatntn putaret. Cie.
Pul
45.3
pun
2. Pulcher -chri, m. I. a Roman surname,
e.g., P. Claudius Pulcher. II. Pulcliri Pro-
montorium, a promontory in Africa, now Cap
Bono.
pulchre (pulcre), adv. (pulcher), beauti-
fully, admirably, excellently, nobly ; dicere, Cic. ;
liostia litatur pulcherrime, very favourably, Cic;
pulchre est mini, all's well with ine, Cic. ; used
as an exclamation of approval, bravo! well done!
Ilor.
pulchritudo (puloritudo) -Inis, f. (pul-
cher), beauty, excellence. I. Lit., corporis. II.
Pig., excellence; virtutis, Cic; verborum, Cic.
pulejum (puleglum) -ii, 11. fleabane, pen-
nyroyal, Oic. ; llg., ad cuius rutaiu pulejo mihi
tui sermonis utendum est, sweetness, Cic.
pulex -icis, m. a flea, Plaut.
pullarius -ii, in. (pullus), the feeder of tlie
sacred chickens, Cic.
pullatus -a -urn (2. pullus), clad in dirty or
blade garments (of mourners) ; proceres, Juv.
pullulo, 1. to shoot up, sprout out. A. a,
of plants, etc., Verg. ; b, poet., transf., tot
pullulat atra columbis, burgeons with, Verg. B.
Pig., quae (luxuria) incipiebat pullulare, lux-
uriate, Nep.
1. pullus -i, m. (root PU, whence puer, Gr.
rrwAos, etc.), a young animal. I. Lit., a, gen.,
columbiuus, Cic. ; pulli ex ovis orti, Cic. ; b,
esp., a young cock (whence Pr. poulet), Hor. ;
of the sacred chickens, Cic, Liv. II. Transf.,
of men ; a, as a term of endearment, chicken,
Hor. ; b, pullus milvinus, a young kite, Cic.
2. pullus -a -uni (connected with 7reXAds),
(lark-coloured, blackish, greyish black ; capilli,
Ov. ; myrtus, dark-green, Hor.; esp., pulla
vestis, a garment ofundijed wool, worn as mourn-
ing, Cic. ; poet., pulla stamina (of the threads of
the Parcae), sad, gloomy, Ov. ; subst., pullum
-i, n. a dark-coloured garment, Ov.
pulmentarium -ii, n. (pulmentum), a relish,
anything eaten with bread; pulmentaria quaere
sudando, get an appetite by hard work, Hor.
pulmentum -i,'n. (= pulpamentum, from
. pulpa), a relish, Hor. ; in general, food, victuals;
inullum in singula pulmenta mhiuere, into small
portions, Hor.
pulmo -Onis, in. (from nXevpiov = TrveCp.uv),
the lung; usually pi., pulmones, the lungs,
Cic.
pulmoneus -a -urn, of or relating to the
lungs, pulmonary, Plaut.
pulpa -ae, f. flesh ; a. lit., Mart.; b, meton.,
pulpa scelerata, the flesh as sign of sensuality,
Pers.
pulpamentum -i, n. (pulpa). I. flesh,
esp. of fish, Plin. II. a relish; niilii est pulpa-
mentum fama, Cic.
pulpitum -i, n. a platform, tribune for
public readings, debates, etc., Hor.; for actors,
" the boards " of a theatre, Ov.
puis, pultis, f. (tto/Vtos), a porridge or pot-
twje of flour, pulse, used as food for the sacred
chickens, Cic.
pulsatio -Onis, f. (pulso), a knocking, strik-
ing, beating, Cic. ; seutorum, Liv.
pulso, 1. (intens. of pello), to strike, beat,
knock. I. Gen., 1, lit., a, of stamping the
ground, dancing, etc., pede libero tellurem,
Hor.; of horses, pedibus spatium Olympi, poet.
= to liasten over, Ov. ; b, of knocking at the
door, fores, Ov. ; c, to beat, ill-treat; pulsare et
verberare aliquem, Cic. ; transf., of the wind,
storms, etc., piniferum caput et vento pulsatur
et imbri, Verg. ; d, to knock against, reach to;
•ipse arduus alta pulsat sidera, Verg. ; e, to
strike, touch, of a musical instrument ; scptem
discriinina vocum, Verg. ; 2, fig., a, to move,
affect; dormientium animos externil et adven-
iaciS visione pulsari, Cic. ; b, to alarm, agitate;
pavor pulsans, Verg. II. to drive away; sagittam,
Verg. ; divi pulsati, Verg.
pulsus -Us, m. (pello), a pushing, beating,
striking, blow, push, stroke. I. Gen., remorum,
Cic. ; pedum, a footstep, Verg. ; lyrae, a playing
on the lyre, Ov. ; pulsuin vennrum attingere, to
feel the pulse, Tac. II. influence, impulse; ex-
ternus pulsus animos commovet, Cic.
pulto, 1. (= pulso), to knock, beat, strike;
jauuain, Plaut.
pulvereus -a -uui (pulvis). I. full of dust,
dusty; nubes, dust-clouds, Verg.; solum, Ov.
II. Act., raising dust; palla (Boreae), Ov.
pulveriilentus -a -wmCpuH-is), full of dust,
dusty. I. Lit., via, Cic. II. Fig., won by hard
work; praeinia niilitiae, Ov.
pulvillus -i, in. (dim. of pulvinus), a little
pillow, Hor.
pulvinar -ans, n. (pulvinus). I. a couch
covered with cushions placed for the images of the
gods at the Lectisternium (q.v.), a cushioned seat ;
pulvinar suscipere, Liv.; dedicate, Cic; meton.,
ad omnia pulvinaria supplicatio decreta est, at
cdl the temples, Cic. II. Transf., a state couch
for any distinguished person, Cic.
pulvinarlum -ii, n. (pulvinus), a cushioned
seat for the gods, Liv.
pulvinus -i, m. a pillow, cushion, Cic.
pulvis -6ris, in. and rarely f. dust. I. Lit.,
A. multus erat in calceis pulvis, Cic. ; pulvis
eruditus, or simply pulvis, the sand or dust
in which the old mathematicians drew their
diagrams, Cic. ; numquam eruditum ilium pul-
verem attigistis, you have never learnt mathe-
matics, Cic. ; pulvis cxiguus, a liandful of
dust thrown on the dead, Hor. ; poet., pulvis
hibernus, dry winter, Verg.; plur., noveudiales
pulveres, dust nine days old (afresh ashes of the
dead), Hor.; prov., sulcos in pulvere ducere, to
labour in vain, Juv. B. Esp., the dust of the
circus or wrestling-place; pulvis Olympicus,
Hor. ; hence, meton., place of exercise, arena;
domitant in pulvere currus, Verg. ; and fig.,
scene of action; doctrinam in soleni atque pulv-
erem produxit, into public, Cic. ; sine pulvere
palniae, without effort, Hor. II. Transf., the
earth, Prop.
pumex -Icis, m. (f. Cat.), pumice-stone. I.
Lit., esp. as used for polishing marble, books,
etc., Cat., Ov. II. Transf., any kind of soft,
porous stone; pumices cavi, Verg.
pumiceus -a -um (pumex), made of pumice*
stone, Ov.
pumico, 1. (pumex), to polish with pumice-
stone, Cat.
pumilio -5nis, c. a dwarf, Lucr.
punctlm, adv. (pungo), by stabbing, by thrust-
i ng (op\>. caesim); petere hosteui, Liv.
punotum -i, n. (pungo). I. a little hole,
small puncture, Mart. II. 1, lit., a, a point,
and meton., a division of a discourse, a short
clause, section; puncta argumentoruin, Cic. ; b,
in the comitia, the point made on a tablet as
often as one of the candidates was voted for, hence
a vote; quot in ca tribu puncta tuleris, Cic;
hence, transf., approval, applause; discedo Al-
cneus puncto illius, Hor.; onine tulit punctuin
qui miscuit utile dulci, Hor. ; 2, transf., a
mathematical point, the snudlest quantity ; hence,
a, a very small space; quasi punctuin terrae,
Cic. ; b. a small portion of time, a moment;
ad punctum temporis, in a movient, Cl<»,
r»un
456
put
pungO, piipugi, punclum, 3. to prick, punc-
ture, stab. I. 1, lit., a, neminem, Cic. ; b, to
•make by piercing; vulnus quod acu punctilio
videretur, Cic; 2, transf., a, to penetrate, enter;
corpus, Lucr. ; b, to touch, move; sensum, Lucr.;
C, to point off; hence, puncto tempore, in a
moment, Lucr. II. Fig., to sting, vex, annoy,
mortify; epistola ilia ita me pupugit, ut somnuin
rnilii ademerit, Cic. ; si paupertas momordit, si
ignoniinia pupugit, Cic.
Puniceus, v. Poeni.
Pumcus, Punlce, v. Poeni.
punlo (poenlo) -ivi and -ii -Hum -Ire, and
dep. pumor (poenlor) -itus sum -Iri (poena).
I. to punish; sontes, Cic; maleticia, Cic;
aliquem supplicio, Cic. ; dep., peccatum, Cic.
II. to avenge; dolorem, Cic; dep., necem, Cic.
punltor -Oris, m. (puuio), apunishcr, avenger ;
doloris, Cic.
pupa -ae, f. (pupus). I. a little girl, Mart.
II. a doll, Pens.
pupilla -ae, f. (dim. ofpupa). I. an orphan
girl, ward, minor, Cic. II. Transf. (like 6r.
Kopv), the pupil of tlie eye, Cic.
puplllaris -e (pnpillus), of or relating to a
ward ; pecuniae, Liv.
pupillus -i, m. (dim. of pupulus), an orjman,
ward, Cic.
Pupinia -ao, f. the Pupinian country in
' < '"in, a sterile tract of country; hence,
. upiuiensis ager, Liv.
Pupius -a -urn, name of a lloman gens ; adj.,
lex Pupia, proposed by Pupius, a tribune, that
the seiwte should not hold a meeting on the day of
the Comitia.
puppis -is. f. the poop or stem of a vessel. I.
Lit., navem eonverterc ad pnppim, Cic. ; ventus
surgens a puppi,/ro»i behind, Verg. ; tig., sede-
bainua in puppj, / sat at. the helm of the state,
Cic II. Melon., the whole ship, Verg.; the con-
stellation of the Ship, Cic. (abl. sing., puppi, ace,
puppim).
pupula -ae, f. (dim. of pupa), the pupil of
the eye, Cic : meton., the eye, Hor.
pupulus -i, m. (dim. of pupus), a. little boy,
Cat._
pupus -i, m. a boy, child, used as a term of
endearment, Suet.
pure and poet. puritSr, adv. (pnrus). I.
A. Lit, a, purely, cleanly; pure lauta corpora,
Liv.; b, brightly; aplendens Pario marmore
pnrius, Hor. B. Transf., clearly, ■naturally;
pure apparere, Hor. II. Fig., 1, gen., a,
uprightly, purely ; pure et eleganter acta vita,
Cic ; pure et caste deos venerari, Cic ; b, ut
style, purely, faultlessly; pure et emendate
loqui, Cic; 2, esp., finely, perfectly, entirely;
quid pure tranquillct, Hor.
purgamen -Inis, n. (purgo). I. filth, dirt,
sweepings; Vestae, that which was annually
sicept from the temple of Vesta, Ov. II. a means
<>f purgation or expiation; niali, Ov. ; caedis,
Ov.
purgaroentum -i, n. (purgo), that which is
cleaned out, swept away, swcejiings, rubbish, filth ;
urbis, Liv.
purgatlo -oiiis, f. (purgo), a cleaning out,
deansing. I. 1, lit., alvi, purging, Cic. ; 2,
meton., plur., purgationes, purgatives, Cic. II.
Transf., excusing, justification, Cic.
purgo, 1. (purigo, from purus), to clean,
cleanse. I. Lit., 1, locum, to clean out, make
rcculy for ploughing. Cic. ; arva longis ligonibus,
Ov. ; 2, to purge the body ; purgor lii'.em, I free
myself jrom gall, Hor.; purgatum te filing morbi.
healed, Hor. II. Transf., 1, to purge, cleanse,
purify ; educ tecum omncs tuos, purga urbem,
Cic ; 2, to cleanse morally; a, to excuse, defend,
justify; aliquem de luxuria, Cic; civitatem facti
dictique, Liv.; crimen, to confute, Cic; with
ace. aud infin., to allege in defence, Liv. ; b, to
purge, purify religiously ; populos, Ov. ; c, to
make good ; malum facinus forti facinore, Liv.
puriter = pure (q.v.).
purpura -ae, f. (nopepvpa). I. the purple-
fish, Pun. II. Meton., A. the purple dye,
purple, Verg. B. any stuff or texture dyed
purple, purple cloth, Cic.
purpiirasco, 3. to become purple or dark,
Cic.
purpuratus -a -ura (purpura), dad in pu rple.
I. Adj., mulier. Plant. II. Subst., a high, dig-
nitary among eastern princes (clad in purple);
plur., courtiers; purpuratis tuis ista minitare,
Cic
purpiircus -a -urn (mpifnipcos). I. purple,
and so of shades resembling purple, blackish,
dark-red, dark-brown, dark-violet ; vestitus, Cic;
rubor, blush, Ov. ; capillus, crinis, Verg. ; mare,
Cic. II. Meton., A. clad in purple; rex, Ov. ;
lyraunus, Hor.; transf., adorned with purple;
torus, Ov. ; purpureis pennis, with purple
plumes, Verg. B. bright, beautiful; olores,
Hor. ; ver, Verg.
purus -a -urn, clean, pure. I. A. Lit., a,
unda, Verg.; Ions, Plant.; aerc purior ignis, Ov.;
terra, cleared of stones, stubble, etc., Cic. ; b, of
the air, sun, etc, bright, clear, Cic; neut.
subst., perpurum, the dear sky, Vevg. B. Transf.,
without addition, simple, plain; a, hnsta,
without a head, Verg. ; b, unadorned, plain;
parma, Verg.; argentum, without reliefs, Cic;
of dress, without ornament; esp., among the
Romans, without a purple stripe ; vestis, Verg.;
toga, Phacdr.; c, clear, unmixed, unadulterated;
uarduu), Tib.; d, dear (gain, profit); quid possit
ad dominos puri ae reliqui pervenire, Cic. II.
Fig., A. Gen., 1, spotless; a, holy, upright;
purus et integer, Cic. ; b, free from crime, esp.,
murder; pura nianus, Verg. ; with genit.,
sceleris, Hor. ; c, free from sensuality, chaste,
pure; animam puram conservare, Cic; d, of
discourse, pure, faultless ; pura et incomipta
consuetudo, Cic; 2, a, religious t. t., (a) un-
consecrated, Cic; (fi) untrodden, undefiled; locus,
Liv.; (y) free from mourning (by completion of
funeral rites); familia, Cic; (S)act., purifying;
arbor, Ov. ; b, rhet. t. t., unadorned, natural,
simple; purtnn genus dicendi, Cic; c, legal
t. t.. without conditions, absolute, unconditional ;
judicium, Cic.
pus, puris n. corrupt matter ; fig., gall, venom,
Hor.
piislllus -a -urn, dim. very small, tiny, puny,
I. Lit., testis, Cic; Homa, Cic. ;• epistola, Cic.
Subst., piisillum -i, n. a trifle, a little, ap.
Cic II. Transf., a, of ability, very insignifi-
cant; ingenium, Mart.; b, of courage, animus,
timid, Hor.; C, petty, mean; animus, Cic; d,
little, insignificant ; causa, Ov.
pusio -onis, m. a little boy, Cic.
-' puta (imper. 2. puto), far example, suppose,
for instance, Hor.
putamen -Inis, n. (1. puto), a cutting, jxiring,
shred, shell, Cic.
putcal -Mis, n. (puteus). I. a stone curb
round, the mouth of a, well. II. Trans)., a similar
enclosure around aSacred place— e.g., the Puteal
Lilionis or Sciiboniannm at Rome, where the
usurers, carried on business, in, the CouriUuin.
Cic,
ptlt
457
putealis -e (puteus), of or whiting to a veil ;
llhdae, Ov. ; lympliae, Lucr.
ptitgarius -li, in. (puteus), a mil-sinker,
Liv.
putOO, 2. (root PUT, Or. IIY0, whence Tnlflw,
Trvoo/tai), to stink, Cic.
Piiteoli (PStgoli) -orum, in. a town in
Campania on the coast with many mineral springs
favourite resoH of the Romans, now Pozzuo)o.
Hence, Piitedlanus -a -urn, belonging to
Piiteoli. Subst., a, Puteolanum -i, n. an
estate of Cicero, near Futeoli; b, PutSdlani
-Orum, m. the people of Futeoli.
puter -tris -tre and putris -e. I. rotten
putrid, slinking; poma, Ov. ; fervent examina
putri <le bovfi, Ov. II. Transf., loose, flabby,
crumbling, friable; gleba, Verg.; campus Vera'
mammae, Hor. ^ oculi, languishing, Hor.'
putesco (putisco) -tui, 3. (puteo), to decay,
become rotten, grow putrid, Cic.
putSus -i, m. (root PUT, connected with
BO0, whence /3o0po ? ), a pit ; a, in agriculture,
a pit, trench, Verg.; b, a well, spring, Cic.
PUtlde, a.lv. (putidus), of discourse, af-
fectedly, disgusting!,/; dicere, Cic; Dutidius
iitteras exprimere, Cic.
putidiusculus -a -um (dim. of putidus)
somewhat affected, nauseous, Cic.
PUtldus -a -um (puteo), rotten, slinking,
Vutnd. A. Lit., caro, Cic. B. Transf., 1
cerebrum putidius, addled, Hor. ; 2, nausious,
troublesome, pedantic, affected; haec satis spero
vobis inoleste et putida videri, Cic. ; pntidum
est, with lnfin., it is pedantic, etc.. Cic • of
orators, affected, ornate; Demosthenes, Cic '
pyr
1-puto 1. (root PU, whence purus, putus)
to cleanse; hence, to lop, to prune trees vites
Nerg. . '
2. pfito, l w (roofc PUT, Gr. IIY©, nv0Ma h
aoi. ot nurfloi/o^at), to reckon, I. Gen , a to
reckon, calculate, compute, to estimate, value 'at ;
with gemt. of value magni putare honores, Cic.
with pro and the abl., aliquem pro nihilo Cic :
™, m n" d U - ,e , al)I '. ^ liominum numero
putabat, Cic. ; with ace. of predicate, se solum
.beatum, Cic; b, to consider, hold, believe, sup-
pose; with ace, putare deos, to believe In the
gods, Cic ; with ace and infln., noli putare me
maliusse, Cic; absol., non putaram Cic •
parentlict,, puto or ut puto, / suppose, Ci'e li'
a, to count over ■; rationes cum publieanis, settle
accounts with, Cic; b, to weigh, reflect ; debes
putare eomitns studium esse populi, non judic-
* II III j \j l Kj t
Li^r 1 * 01 " " 5lJS ' '"■ (lnitco) ' bad SMeU > sti " ! -;
pOtrefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., pfi-
trfifio -factus sum -«Sri (putreo and facio)
*. to make rotten, and pass., to become rotten
he e^'hnn 1 " 'SS?'? I,atere 'mbribUS putre-
». cien lum, Liv II. to make pliable, to soften;
ardentia saxa nifuso aceto, Liv.
o^TuoT^ 3 - (putreo) ' ' ; become ***«
JEuFSSZ " a n' m fr" tre °). 1. rotten, decayed,
putrid, dentes, Cic; 2, loose, flabby, Cat
putror -Oris, m. rottenness, putridity, Lucr.
wSSFS * * llm - ( i' 00t Pu - whe,,ce ruto,
purus), pare, unmixed, unadulterated.; usually
found in connexion with purus, Plant ■ with-
out purus, meae putissimae orationes, brilliant,
ist? Phaed v~ 6B) 3e ' m " (™ KT V)> a hMer > mfil-
15*'
Pydna -ae, f. (ntSi-a), a town in Macedonia,
mere AemUius Paulus defeated Perseus, king of
Macedonia, 108 B.C., perhaps modern Ayan.
Hence, Pydnaei -Oruin, m. the inhabitants of
Pydna.
Pyga = puga (q.v.).
Pygargus -i, m. (m/'yapyo?), 1, the fish-eagle,
rim.; 2, a species of antelope, Juv.
Pygmaei -orum, m. (Uvynaloi), the Pygmies,
a race oj dwarjs supposed to inhabit Africa,
and to engage in war with cranes. Ilence, adj.,
Pygmaeus -a -um, Pygmaean; quae Pyg-
maeo sanguine gandet avis, the crane, Ov.
Pygmalion -onis, m. (rruypaAiW). I.
grandson of Agenor, who fell in love with a beau-
tijul statue which he had made, and which Venus
at his prayer endowed with life. II. king in
lyre, brother of Dido, whose husband he slew.
Pylad'is -ae and -is, m. (nvAaSr,?), son of
Strophius,and the faithful friendof Orestes ; hence,
Pray, for a faithful friend, Ov. Hence, adj.,
Pyladeus -a -um, Pyladean; amicitia, i.e..
faithful, tender, Cic
pylae -arum, f. (n-uAcu, gates), passes between
mountains, defiles. I. Gen., 'Luui, separating
Cappadoca from Cilicia, Cic. II. Esp., Pylae
— Thermopylae, Liv. Hence, Pylaicus -a -um
relating to Thermopylae; concilium, convention,
congress held aC Thermopylae, Liv.
Pylaemones -is, m. an old king of the
lleneti in l'aphlagonia, killed before Troy. '
Pylius, Pylus.
• P ,^ lu ? (" gs )'"'> f - (niJAos), name of two cities
in the 1 eloponnesvs, one in Messcuia, the residence
of Neleus now Alt-Navarino ; the other in Tri-
Pliylia, the resideno: of Nestor, hence called Nes-
torea, Ov.; hence, adj., Pylius -a-um, a, re-
lating to Pyliis; subst., Pylius -li, m. flte
Pylian, i.e., Nestor; b, poet. = of Nestor; dies,
pyra -ae, f. (m>pd). I. a funeral pyre, Verg.
J; f n I"'°i: er n:m ^> Pyra -ae, f. a place on
Alouyit Oeta, where Hercules burnt himself.
the Cyclopes of Vulcan.
Pyracmgs -i, m. one of the Centaurs at the
u-eddmg of Pirithous.
pyramidatus -a -um, pyramidal, Cic.
pyramls -Idis, f. (Trupap..'?), ci pyramid, Cic.
t* 1 " , P ^ ami ^ 8 'k In < n vPW<), the lover of
Thisbe, who stabbed herself in the belief that he was
dead.
,,.p . p y r Smus -i, m. (nupa M os), ft river in
Cilicia, now Geiimn.
Pyrene -SB, f. (Uvprjur,), daughter of Bebrvx,
beloved by Hercules, buried in the mountain, called
after her; hence, Pyrinaeus -a -um, belonging
to Pyrene; Pyrenaei Montes. the Pyrenees, the
mountains between Gaul and Spain ; so simply
Pyrenaeus -i, m., Liv. (Pyrene-, in Tib.).
W^ r Ov hrUm "'' "' (^^P ")' rt l 1,a "l, 1*1-
Pyrgi -Orum, m. (UJpyoi = turres), a tmsn
in Etruria, now the village of St. Severo. Hence
.Pyrgensis -e, belonging to Pyrgi.
PyrgO -us, f. tlu nurse of Priam's children.
Pyriphlegethon -ontis, m. (livpi^y^,.),
the fire-stream, a river in the lower world; gen -
simply Phlegcthon. 6
St ( S s 5v m ' { ™ p6( « l fiery ' one
JSASo^" 1 (,rvp<07r<5j) ' a kindo/mixed
Pyr
458
qua
Pyrrha-ae, f. (Uvpfa). I. daughter of Epi-
melheus, wife of Deucalion. II. a town in Lesbos,
now Culoni. Adj., Pyrrlrias -Mis, f. relating
to the town of Pyrrha.
Pyrrho (Pyrro) -Snis, m. (Xlvppoiv), a Greek
philosopher of litis, founder of the so-called Sceptical
School, contemporary of Alexander the Great.
Hence, Pyrrhonet -Gram, m. the followers of
Pyrrho.
Pyrrhus -i, in. (riiippo?). I, son of Achilles
and Deidamia of Scyrus (also called Neopto-
lemos), founder of a monarchy in Spirits, killed
at Delphi by Orestes. II. king in Epirus, enemy
of the Eomans. Hence, Pyrrheum -i, n.
the royal castle of Pyrrhus.
Pythagoras -ae, m. (YlvPaySpas), Greek
philosopher of Samos (about 550 B.c), who after-
wards settled in Lower Italy (in Crotona and
Metapontum), and founded the schoolnamed after
him. Hence, Pythagoreus -a -uni, Py'tha-
go: BOtt, and subst., a Pythagorean.
Pytho -iis, f. (Uv9w), the old name of the part
of Phocis at the foot of Parnassus where Delphi
lay. Hence, A. Pythicus -a -urn, Pythian,
Delphic, relating to Apollo. B. PythlUS -a
-urn, relating to Apollo, Delphic; subst, a,
Pythia -ae, f. the priestess who delivered the
oracles at Delphi; b, Pythia -drum, n. (™
TIvOlo.), the Pythian games, celebrated every five
years in the Cumaean plains near Delphi in
honour af Apollo, icho slew the Python.
Python -'"mis, m. (Uv8ior), a great snake
killed by Apollo, near Delphi.
pytisma -fitis, m. (nvno-fia), the wine which
is spit out or spurted through the lips (in tasting),
Jnv.
pytisso, 1. (irvTi'fu), to spit out wine (in
tasting), Ter.
pyxis -Idis, f. (™£is), a little box, casket, used
for drugs, etc.; veneni, Cic.
Q.
Qq.the sixteenth letter of t lie Roman alpha-
. bpt, only used before u followed by a
vowel. It not unfreqnently represents the Greek
ir ; e.g., quinqne rrivre, equus i'mro?, seqnor
«Va>. For abbreviations In which Q. is used, see
Table of Abbreviations.
qua, adv. (from qui, quae, quod). I. on
which side, where; ad oinnes introitus qua adiri
poterat, Cic. ; eorresp., ea . . . qua, Caes. II.
Transf., A. partitive, qua . . . qua, partly . . .
partly ; both . . . as well as, qua doniinus qua
advocatu9, Cic. B. in so far as, in as much as ;
effuge qua potes, Ov., Cic. C. in what manner,
how; illuc qua veniam? Cic.
quacumquo, adv. (sc. parte, from quicum-
que). I. wnerever, wheresoever ; quacumque
iter fecit, Cic. II. by all means, in every manner,
Verg.
quadamteniis, adv. to a certa in point, so far •
found in the tmesis, est quadam prodire tenus,
Hor. a
Quad! -'"rum, ir». a people in the southeast of
Germany in modem Moravia.
quadra, v. quadras.
quadragoni -ae -a, num. distrib. (qnadra-
ginta), forty each, Cic.
quadragesimus -a -nm (quadraginta), the
fortieth ; subst., quadragesima -ae, f. tni
fortieth part ; esp., as a tax, Tac.
quadratics, adv. forty times, Cic. ,
quadraginta, forty, Cic.
quadrans -antis, m. (quadro), a fourth part,-
quarter. I. heres ex qnadrante, to the fourth
■part of the property, Suet. II. As a coin, the
fourth part of an as, three unciae, Liv. ; the ordi-
nary price of a bath; duia tu qnadrante lavatum
rex ibis, Hor.
quadrantal -ftlis, n. a liquid measure con-
taining S congii, Plant.
quadrantarius -a -urn (quadrans), pertain-
ing to a quarter. I. Gen., tabulae quadrantariae,
reduction of debts by a quarter in consequence of
(Ae lex Valeria feneratoria, Cic. II. Esp., cost-
ing a quarter of an as, Cic.
quadra tus -a -nm (quadro), quadrangular,
square. A. Adj., saxum, Liv. ; agmen, n square of
soldiers, Cic. B. Subst., quadratum -i, n. ;
a, a square, Cic. ; b, 1. 1. of astronomy, quadra-
ture, Cic.
quadriduum (quatridiium, quat-
triduum) -i, n. (quatuor and dies), a space of
four days ; quadriduo quo haec gesta sunt, Cic.
quadriennium -ii, n. (quatuor and annus),
a period of four years, Cic.
quadrifarlam, adv. (quatuor), fourfold, in
four parts, Liv.
quadrifldus -a -urn (quatuor and flndo),
split into four portions, Verg.
quadrigae -arum, f. (= quadrijngae, from
quatuor and jugum), a team of four horses
abreast, used of the animals alone, of the animals
and the chariot, and of the chariot alone. I.
Lit., alborum equorum, Liv. ; esp., of racing
chariots, enrru quadrigaruin velii, Cic. II.
Fig., equis ant quaclrigis poeticis, Cic.
quadiigarius -li, m. (quadriga), the driver
of four horses, a racing charioteer, Cic.
quadrigatus -a -urn (quadriga), stamped
with the figure of a quadriga ; numini, silver
denarii, Cic.
quadrigulae -arum, f. (dim. of quadriga),
a little, team of four horses, Cic.
quadrijugis -e (quatuor and jugum), yoked
four together ; equi, Verg.
quSdrijtigus -a -urn (quatuor and jugum),
yoked four together; equi, Ov. ; currus, Verg. ;
subst., quadrijugi -orum, in. a team of four
horses, Ov.
quadrimus -a -nm (quatuor), four years
old, Cic.
quadringenarlus -a -urn (quadringeni), of
four hundred cadi, Cic.
quadringeni -an -a (quadringenti), num.
distrib., four hundred each, Liv.
quadringenteni -ae-a, four hundred each,
Liv.
quadringentesimus -a -nm (quadrin-
genti), the four hundredth, Liv.
quadringenti -ae -a (quatuor and centum),
four hundred, Cic.
quadringentles./oiWituirf/'aZ times, Cic.
quadripartltd, in four parts, Co.
quadripartltus (quadrrpertltus) -a
-uin (quatuor and partior), divided into four
parts, fourfold; distributio, Cic.
quadriremis -e (quatuor and remis). with
four banks of oars ; quadriremis navis, and
qua
459
qua
subst., quadriremis -is, f. a ship with four
banks of oars, Cic.
quadrivium -ii, n. (quatuor and via), a
place where four roads meet, Cat.
quadro, I. (quadras). I. Transit., to make
Jiuare, to square; transf., to join properly to-
gether, complete rhythmically ; quadrandae ora-,
tionis industria, Cic. II. Intransit., to be
square; a, to fit exactly, to suit ; omnia in istam
quadrant, correspond with, Cic. ; b, esp., of
accounts, to agree ; quo modo sexcenta eodem
modo quadrarint, Cic.
quadrum, v. quadras.
quadrupedans -antis (quatuor and pes),
going on four feet, galloping; a, adj., Echetlus,
a Centaur, Ov. ; transf., sonitus (of a galloping
horse)j Verg. ; b, subst., a horse, Verg.
quadrupes -pSdis (quatuor and pes), four-
footed ; usually subst., quadrupes -pSdis, c.
a fourfooted animal, quadruped; (a) masc,
saucius quadrupes, Verg.; (fi) fem., quadrupes
nulla, Verg.
quadruplator -oris, m. (quadruplor), an
informer who received a fourth part of the penalty,
Cic.
V .J
quadruplex -pllcis (quatuor and plico),
fourfobl, quadruple, Li v.
quadruplor, 1. dep. to be an informer,
Plaut. (cf. quadruplator).
quadruplus -a -um (quatuor and plus =
ttAous = rerpan^oiii), fourfold. Subst., quad-
rilplum -i, n. four times the amount, four times
as much ; judicium dare in quadruplum, Cic.
quadrus -a -um (quatuor), square. Subst.,
A. quadra -ae, f. a square; 1, a square dining-
table ; hence, a, piece of bread used as a plate,
Verg. ; aliens, vivere quadra, to live at another
person's table, Juv. ; 2, a square piece, or morsel,
Hor. B. quadrum -i, n. a square; transf.,
redigere omnes in quadrum numcrumque sen-
tentias, proper order, Cic.
quaerito, 1. (intens. of quaero). I. to seek
eagerly, Plaut. II, to inquire eagerly, Plaut.
quaero, quaeslvi, quaesitum, 3. I. to seek,
search for ; 1, lit., (a) of persons, suos, Caes. ;
liberos ad necem, Cic. ; portum, Caes. ; (0) of
tilings, te decisa suum dextera quaerit, Verg. ;
2, transf., (a) to seek to obtain, strive to get;
alicui or sibi honores, Cic. ; gloriain bello, Cic. ;
(/S) to prepare, mo.ke ready for ; fugam ex Italia,
Cic. ; (y) to seek with longing, to miss, want ;
Caesarem, Hor. ; eas'balneas, Cic; with at and
tlie subj., quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationein,
Cic. ; (&) tolook round about for, think of ; oinisso
veteri consilio novum, Sail.; (e) with infin., to
seek to, wish to; abrumpere lucem, Verg. ; 3, to
investigate, make an examination of ; reliquorum
seiitcntiam, Cic. ; with de and the abl., de vita
et de nioribus, Cic. ; 4, to wish to know, to ask,
to inquire; aliquem a janua, to ask after someone
at the door of his house, Cic. ; aliquid ex or de
aliqun, gen. with rel. sent, de te quaero utiuin
. . . an, Cic. ; quaesivit si (whether) incolumis
evasisset, Liv. ; partic. subst., quaesitum -i,
n. the question, Ov. ; 5, to ask judicially, hold a
judicial investigation, inquire into; de morte
aliciuus,Cic. ; de servo in dominum, to interro-
gate the slave under torture about his master, Cic.
II. a, to seek = to obtain (by work, etc.), to win,
gain; nummos aratro et manu, Cic; jam diu
nihil quaesivisse, Cic. ; partic. subst, quae-
situm -i, n. and plur., quaesita -orum, n.
that which is gained, acquisition, Ov. ; b, to look
round for in vain, to miss; SiciUam in Sicilia,
Cic. ; quaerit Boeotia Dircen, Ov. ; o, to demann,
make necessary ; dictatoriaru majestatem, Liv.
quaesitlo -onis, f. (quaero), an interrogw
tion by torture, Tac.
quaesitor -5ris, m. (quaero), an investigator,
inquirer, esp., a judicial investigator, Cic. ; crim-
imira, Liv.
quaesitum, v. quaero.
quaesitus -a -um, p. adj. (from quaero), I,
sought out, uncommon, select, extraordinary ;
leges quaesitiores (opp, simpUces), Tac. II,
unnatural, affected; comitas, Tac.
quaeso -ivi, 8. (another form of quaero). I.
to seek for, strive to obtain, Plaut. II, to beg,
beseech, tntreat ; with ace, ventorum paces,
Lucr. ; with ut or no and the subj., a vobis
quaeso nt, etc., Cic; absol., / beg, I entreat;
tu, quaeso, scribe, Cic.
quaestioiilus -i, m. (dim. of quaestus), a
small gain, slight profit, Cic.
quaestfo -onis, f. (quaero), a seeking, search-
ing. A. an asking, questioning ; captivorum,
Caes. B. 1, an inquiring, investigating, inquiry;
tota fere quaestiotractetavidetu.r, Cic. ; inquaes-
tionem vucare, to investigate, Cic; 2, raeton.,
a, the sidiject of inquiry; de natura deorum,
Cic. ; b, esp., rhet. 1. 1., (a) the subject of debate
in a speech, Cic. ; (j3) the main point, the issue,
Cic. C. 1, a public judicial inquiry, investiga-
tion, often with torture, hae quaestiouesin senatu
habitae, Cic. ; quaestionem habere de viri morte,
Cic; quaestionem habero de servis in filium,
Liv. ; quaestionem inter sicarios exercere, on an
assassination, Cic. ; quaestiones perpetuae, stand-
ing courts of justice at Rome for the investigation
of crime (instituted 149 B.C.); 2, meton., record
(of such a court), fictam quaestionem conscrib-
ere, Cic
quacstiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of quaestio),
a little question; ponere alicui quaestlunculain,
Cic.
quaestor -oris, in. (for quaesitor, from
quaero), the quaestor, in plur., the quaestors,
magistrates in Rome, originally two in number,
who inquired into and punished capital crimes;
in full, quaestores parricidii ; gen,, , simply
quaestores, Cic. ; in later times there were other
quaestors, quaestores aerarii and urbani, tlie
magistrates who took charge of thepublic treasury
and expenditure; other quaestors accompanied
the consuls and praetors on military expeditions
and to provincial comivnids, and acted as pay-
masters ; the number of quaestors, originally
two, was in the end raised to eighteen.
quaestorius -a -um (quaestor), belonging
or relating to a quaestor. I. Gen., A. Adj.,
comitia, for choice of a quaestor, Cic ; offieium,
duty of quaestor, Cic. ; scelus, committed by a
quaestor, or investigated by a quaestor, Cic. ; porta,
gate in the camp near the quaestor's tent, Liv. B.
Subst., quaestorium -Ii, n. 1, (sc tentorium^,
the quaestor's tent in camp, Liv. ; 2, (sc. aediflc-
ium), the qtiaestor's dwelling in a province! Cic
II. Esp., having the rank of a qiuxestor. A.
Adj., legatus, Cic. B. Subst., quaeatdrius
-li, m. one who hadbcen quaestor, Cic
quaestudsus -a -um (quaestus), gainful,
profitable. I. mercatura, Cic. II. Of persons,
1, fond of gain, eager after profit; homo, Cic, ;
2, having gained much, rich, Tac.
quaestura -ae f. (quaestor), the offlot or
dignity of the quaestor, quaestorship, Cic'
quaestus -us, m. (quaero), a gaining, get*
ting, profit, gain, admntage; quaestus ac lucrum
unius agri et unius anni, Cic. ; quaestui deditum
esse, to be devoted to money-getting, Sail. ; quaes-
tui habere rempublicam, to make the administra-
qua
460
qua
tion of the slate an Oceanian of profit, Cic ; fuitis
qiiaeatum Riccre, Cic. ; quaestti judiciario pasci,
to live on tlie jwy of a judge, Cic.
qualibet (qualiibSt), adv. (abl. of qui-
iibet). I. wherever you like, everywhere, Plant.
II. im any way you please, Cat.
qualis -e (from quam, as talis from tam) =
Troio?, of what sort, what kind of. I. Interrog.,
qualis est istorum oratio? Cic. II. Rel., with
corresponding talis, as ; without talis, of such a
kind, such as; qualem te praebuisti, talem te
impertias, Cic. ; ut res non tales, quales ante
habitae siut, liabenchie videantur, Cic. ; in hoc
bello, quale bellum nulla barbaria geasit, such a
war as, Cats. ; doce me quales sint, Cic. III.
Indef. subst., quale, having some quality or other;
ilia quae appellant qualia, Cic.
qualiscumque, qualecumque. I. Rel.,
of whatever kind, of whatever sort; homines
qualeseumque sunt, Cic. II. Indef., any, with-
out exception, any whatever; sin qualemcumque
locum sequimur, Cic.
qualisllbet, qualSlibet, of what sort you
will; fonnae litterarmn vel aureae vel quales-
libet, Cic.
qualitas -Stis, f. (qualis), a quality, property,
Cic.
qualiter, adv. (qualis), as, just as, Ov.
qualus -i, m. and qualum -i, n. a wicker-
basket, Verg.
quam (ace. of quae, analogous to tain), how,
in what way ; and emphatic, lww much. I. In
I'orrelation. A. In comparison, a, with tarn,
v. tarn; with tarn left out, homo non, quam
isti sunt, gloriosus, Liv. ; quam si = tamquam
si, a.s if, Cic. ; often with superb, quam maxima
possum voce dico, wWi as loud a voice as pos-
sible, Cic. ; quam celerrlme potuit, L'aes. ; ellipti-
i-ally, without possum, as much as.possible, very ;
with adj. and adv. in posit, and superl., quam
magnis Itineribus, Caes. ; quam plurimo vendere,
as dear as possible, Cic. ; quam saepissime, as
often as possible, Cic. ; (plain primum, as soon as
possible, Cic. ; noete quam longa est, the whole
long night through, Verg. ; b, with tantus, v.
tantus ; c, with sic, Verc. ; d, with compara-
tives or words implying comparison, than, as;
nihil est magis timendum quam, etc., Cic;
major sum quam cui possit, etc., too great to be,
etc., Ov. ; with a second comparative following,
longior quam iatior, more, long than, wide, Cic. ;
with a superl., to expr n «s an emphatic compara-
tive, cum tyranno, quam qui uinquam, saevis-
sirao, Liv. ; with verbs implying a comparison,
such as malle, potius nialle, praestat, etc., Caes. ;
and other words of similar meaning, as aeque,
supra, ultra, seens, alius, aliter, alibi, dissimilis,
dlversus, etc.; quam pro, foil, by abl., after a
comparison ; proeliuin atrocius quam pro nu-
mero pugnantium editur, fiercer than you would
expect from the number of the combatants, Liv.
B. In phrases relating to time, after that, thai ;
postero die or postridie quam, Cic. II. To ex-
press degree, how, how great, hm» little; a, in
indirect speech, (a) with adv. and adj., memoriS
lenetis quam valde admurmurarint, Cic; (0)
with verbs, attende jam, quam ego defugiam
auctoritatern consnlatus mei, Cic. ; b, in direct
speech, in questions and exclamations ; (a) with
adj. and adv., quam multis, quam panels, Cic. ;
(fi) with verbs, quam hoc non euro, Cic.
quamdiu, so long as, as long as, until ;
quamdiu potuit tacuit, Caes. ; disces quamdiu
voles, Cic.
quamllbe't, adv. I. us.you please, as you
will, Lucr. II. howsoever, ever so much. ; maims
quainlibet inhrmae, Ov.
quamobi-em (quam ob rem), on which
account, for which reason, wherefore, why. I.
Interrog., Cic. II. Rel., si res reperietnv
quam ob rem videantur, Cic.
quamprimum, adv. as soon as possible,
forthwith, Cic.
quamquam, conj. although, though, and
sometimes at the beginning of a sentence,
nevertheless, notwithstanding, and yet, yet; gen.
with indie, only in classical prose with subj.
when the thought would require the subj. even
without quamquam ; medici quamquam intellig-
unt saepe, tamen numquam aegris dieunt, Cic. ;
at the beginning of a sentence, quamquam quis
ignorat, Cic. ; with a partic, omnia ilia quae
sunt, extra, quamquam expetenda, summo bono
continereutur, Cic.
quamvis, I. Adv. A. Gen., as you will, as
much as you please, ever so much ; quamvis
multos nominating proferre, Cic. ; et praetcr cos
quamvis enumeres multos licet, Cic. B. as much
as possible, very much, exceedingly ; quamvis
copiose, Cic. II. Conj. however much, although,
albeit, gen. with subj. ; quamvis prudens sis,
tamen, etc., Cic. ; with an adj. or partic. with-
out a verb, quamvis iniqua passi, Cic.
quanam (abl. of quinam), where indeed,
where, Liv.
quando, adv. and conj. I. Adv., when. A.
when =; at what time; a, interrog., quando
enim me ista curasse arbitramini ? Cic; b,
rel., non intelligitur, quando obrepat seneetus,
Cic. ; c, indef., at any time, ever ; quaestio mini
quando amiei novi veteribus sint anteponendi,
Cic B. when = in what circumstances, Cie.
II. Conj., a, temporal = when ; turn quando
legates Tyrum misimus, Cic; b, causal, since,
because; quando ad majores qnaedam nati annuls,
Cic.
quandocumque, adv. I. Rel., whenever.
as often as; quandneuinque trahunt invisa
negotia Romam, Ilor. II. Indef., at some time
or other ; quandocumque mihi poenas dabis, Ov.
quandoque, adv. I. Rel., whenever, as
often as, Cic. II. Indef., at some time or other,
Cic.
quandoquidem, conj. since, because, Cic.
quantillus -a -um (dim. of quantnlus), how
little! how small ! how insignificant ! Plaut.
quanto, v. quantus.
quantdpere' (quanto opere), adv.
(quantus and opus), with what great trouble.
I. Lit., with what care, how much ; quanto sc
opere custodiant bestiae, Cic. II. Transf.,
to what an extent, how much ; dici non potest,
quanto opere gaudeant, Cic.
quantillus -a -um (dim. of quantus), how
little, how small, how unimportant ; quantulus
sol nobis videtur ! Cic; quantulum judicaie
possemns, Cic
quantiiluscumque -acumque -umenm-
que, how little soever, however small; de hac
mea, quantulacamque est, facilitate, Cic; neut.
subst., how little soever ; quantulumcumque dice-
bamus, Cic.
quantum, v. quantus.
quantumviS. I. Adv. as much as yon
please, ever so much, very much, Suet. II. Conj.
although; illecatna, quantumvis rusticus, Hor.
- quantus -a -um (from quam and adj.
ending tns), of what size, how great. I. Rel. —
o<ro9. A. den. of size, number, etc., 7i0IC great,
and (without corresponding tantus) as gem! as ;
of time, how lung, so long as; of other relations,
7ioie important, as important as ; 1, adj., («) with
i tantus or tarn, ■:. tantus, tarn; (j3) with correL
qua
461
que
left out, at acciperent pecuniam quantum vel-
lent, Cic. ; nox acta, quanta fuit, as long as it
lasted, the whole long night, Ov. ; quanta maxima
edentate potui, with the greatest possible speed,
Liv. ; 2, neut. gubst., quantum ; a, with genit.
or absol., quantum est ex Sicilia frumeuti, Cic;
quantum ego sentio, Cic. ; quantum in me est,
as far as in vie lies, Cic. ; in quantum, in so Jar,
Ov. ; b, genit. of price : how dear, at what
price; quanta locaverint, tantam pecuniam solv-
endam, Cic. ; quanti quanti, at whatever price,
Cic. ; c, abl., qtfanto in comparatives, the more;
(juanto longius diseederent. eo, etc., Liv. ; so,
quanta ante, Cic. ; 3, neut., quantum, adv., a,
as far us ; nisi quantum usus necessario cogeret,
Liv.; b, = quam, to strengthen a superl.,
quantum maxima accelerare poterat, Liv. ; c,
paienthet, ea, quantum potui, feci, to the best oj
my power, Cic. II. Interrog. = noo-os, how
great ? A. Gen., 1, adj., (a) in direct questions,
in exclamations, quanta notitia antiqnitatis '?
Cic. ; 03) in direct speech, quum ipsa pecunia
nuiuero et summa sua, quanta fuerit, ostendat,
Cic. ; 2, neut. subst, genit. quanti, at what a
price ? hoiu dear ? in indirect questions, cum
scias, quanti Tulliam faciam, how highly I
es'eem, Cic. ; 3, neut., quantum, adv., how
much. ; quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore, Verg. ;
B. Emphatic, how little! 1, adj., in indirect
speech, me ipsum poenitet, quanta sint, Cic ; 2,
subst., a, quantum, (a) in direct question, Ov.;
(/3) in indirect speech, quantum tu speres per-
spicio, Cic. ; b, genit., quanti est ista hoininum
gloria quae, etc., Cic.
quantuscumque -ucumquS -umcumque,
1. how great soever ; bona, quantacumque crant,
Cic; emphat, quantacumque victoria, Cic. II.
as much soever as; quautuuicumque possum,
Cic.
quantusltbet -talibet -tumlibet, as great
as you will, Iwwever great, however much; ordo,
Ov. ; magnitudo hominis, Liv.
quantusvis -avis -uinvis, as great as you
please, how great or how much soever ; quantasvis
magnas copias sustineri posse, Caes. ; portum
•satis amplum quantaevis classi, Liv.
quapropter, on which account, wherefore,
Cic.
quaqua (abl. of quisquis), wherever, whither-
soever, Plaut.
quire, adv. (qui and res). I. by which means,
whereby ; permulta sunt quae dici possnnt,
quare intelligatur, Cic. II. wherefore, on which
account. A. Interrog., quare negasti, etc., Cic
B. Itel., utenduni est excusatione, quare id ne-
cesse fuerit, Cic.
quartadecumani -orum, m. (quartus deci-
mus), soldiers of the fourteenth legion, Tac.
quartana, v. quartanus.
quartanus -a -uni (quartus), relating to the
fourth. I. relating to the fourth day; febris
quartana, Cic. ; and subst. simply, quartana
.-ae, f. a quarlan fever; quartana ab aliquo dis-
cessit, Cic. II. relating to the fourth legion-;
quartan! -ornm, m. the soldiers of the fourth'
legion, Tac.
■ quartarius -li, m. (quartus), the fourth part
of a sextarius, Liv.
quarto, v. quartus.'
quartum. v quartus.
quartus -z -ma the fourth. I. Adj., pars,
Caei. II. Subst, I. quartus -i, m., (a) (sc.
libei), the fourth book; in quarto accusationis,
Cic. ; (0) (sc. lapis), ihe fourth milestone, Tac. ;
2, quarta -ae, f. (gc. hora), the fourth hour,
Hor. III. Adv., 1, quartum, for the fourth time,
Cic. ; 2, quarto, for the fourth time. Qv,
quartusdecimus -a -urn, the fourteenth,
Tac.
quasi, adv. as if. I. Of the comparison of
whole sentences ; 1, in hypothetical compar-
isons, os if; a, corresponding to ni, ita, tarn,
perinde, proinde, and idem, with subj., sensu
aniisso tit idem quasi liatua non esset omniuo,
Cic; with partic, quas ni avlde arripui quasi /
sitiiu explore cupioiis7C"lc ; b, without any cor-
responding partic. in the subj., quid ego his tes-
tibus utor, quasi res dubia autobsoura sit, Cic:
often ironical, as ifjust us if; medico tria millia
jugerum (dedisti) quasi te sanasset, Cic. ; with
partic, hostes maximo clamore iusecuti quasi
parts jam atque explorata victoria, Cic. ; 2. in
pure comparison, as, like as; with the indie,
quasi poma ex arboribns, ertnla si sunt, vix
evelluntur ni, etc., Cic. II. To compare clauses
or words ; 1, to soften an unusual expression,
as it were, a sort of; philosophia procreutrix
quaedam et quasi parens, Cic. ; 2, transf., as it
were, almost, all but ; quasi in extrema pagina,
Cic.
quasillus -i, m. and quasillum -i, n.
(dim. of qualus), a little wicker-basket, esp. for
holding wool, Cic.
quassatio -onis, f. (quasso), a shaking, Liv.
quasso, 1. (intens. of quatio). I. Transf.,
to sliake violently. A. Lit., 1, gen., liastam,
Verg. ; 2, esp., to sliatter, break in pieces, dash to
pieces ; classis ventis quassata, Verg. ; naves
quassatae, Liv. B. Transf., to shake, shatter;
rempublicam, Cic. II. Reflex., to shake oneself,
shake ; siliquii. quassantc, Verg.
quassus -a -uni, partic. of quatio.
quatenus, adv. how far. I. Lit, quatenus
progredi debeat, Cic. ; ut nulla in re statuere
possimus quatenus, Cic. II. Transf., - A. Of
time, how long. B. Of other relations, 1, in so
far as, Cic. ; 2, since, seeing that, Hor.
quater, adv. numer. (quatuor), four times,
Verg. ; ter et quater, again and again, often,
Hor., Verg.
quaterni -ae -a, num. distrib. (quatuor),
four each; quateruae centesimae, interest at four
per cent, monthly, Cic.
quatio, quassi, quassum, 3. to shake. I.
Lit , 1, gen., caput, Liv. ; alas, Verg. ; hastam,
to brandish, Verg. ; 2, esp., a, o convulse ; risu
populum, make their sides shake with laughing,
Hor.; b, to strike, beat; cymbala, Verg. ; c, to
crash, shatter; inuros arietibus, Liv. ; esp. partic,
quassus ; quassae naves, leaky, shattered,' Liv.
II. Transf., a, to shake, agitate, trouble; quod
aegritudine quatiatur, Cic; b, to harass; oppida
bello, Verg.
quatriduum — quadriduum(q.v.).
■ quatuor (quattuor), adj. num. (Wo-o-apes
or Terrapes), four, Cic.
quatuordecim, adj. num. (quatuor and
decern), fourteen; quatuordecim oi dines, or
simply quatuordecim, the fourteen rows of seats
reserved in the circus for the equites, or knights,
ht Rome; in quatuordecim ordinibus sedere, to
be a knight, Cic.
quatuorvxratus -us, m. (quatuorviri), the
office of the quatuorviri ; ap. Cic.
quatuorviri -orum, m. a college of four
magistrates ; e.g., in Rome, for the care of the
streets ; in municipia and coloniae, the chief
magistrates, Cic.
-que (Or. re) (an enclitic conj. always affixed
to a word), and ; teque hortor, Cic. ; que . , .
que, both . . . and, and . . . and; quique
Romae quique in exercitu erant, Liv. ; special
uses of que, a, and abovo all; largitiqneg
quo
4G2
qui
temeritatisque invitamenta, Liv. ; b, and in-
deed, Caes. ; c, and accordingly, Cic. ; d, and
rather; non nobis solum nati sumus ortusque
uostfi partem patria vindicat, Cic. ; e, also,
moreover ; Trebatioque mandavi, Cic. ; f , or,
uxores liabent deni duodenique inter se com-
munes, Caes.
queis, quis = quibus, v. qui.
quemadmodum (quern ad modum),
in_ what manner, how. I. Interrog., quemad-
modum est asservatus? Cic. II. Bel., A. Gen.,
semper vigilavi et providi, quemadmodum salvi
esse possemus, Cic. B. Esp., -corresponding
with sic, ita, item, etc., as, just as; quemad-
modum socius in societate habet partem, sic
heres in hereditate liabet partem, Cic.
queo, quivi and quli, quitum, quire, to bealle,
I {thou, he, etc.) can; often with the negative
non queo, esp. with Ciooro, who never uses the
1st pers. nequeo ; non queo reliqua scribere, Cic.
quercetum -i, n. (quercus), an oak-wood,
Hor.
querceus -a -urn (quercus), oaken; corouae,
of ov.kleaves, Tac.
quercus -us, f. I. the oak, Cic. II. Poet.,
melon., 1, that which is made of oak; quercus
civilis, a crown of oak-leaves for saving the life
of a cit'-zen in war, Cic. ; 2, an acorn, Juv.
querela (quereUa) -ae, f. (queror), a com-
plaint. I. as an expression of pain ; a, wailing,
cry ; maestis implere juga querelis, Ov. ; b, a
cry or plaintive sound, of animals, Verg. II. as
an expression of sadness, complaint, complaining;
epistola plena querelaruin, Cic; vestrum bene-
ticium nonnullam habet querelam, gives some
occasion of complaint, Cic.
queribundus -a -urn (queror), complaining,
plaintive; vox, Cic.
querlmonla -ae, f. (queror), a complaining,
complaint ; de tuis injuriis, Cic.
queritor, i. dep. (intens. of queror), /" com-
plain excessively, Tac.
querne'us -a -urn (Cor quercneus from quer-
cus), of or relating to the oak, oaken; frondes,
Prop.
queraus = querneur (q.v.).
queror, questus sum, 3. dep. to complain,
bewail. I. Gen., a, of birds, Hor.; b, of musical
instruments, fiebile nescio quid qneritur lyra,
Ov. II. to lament or bevMil something; suuin
fatum, Caes. ; injuria?, Cic. : de Milone, Cic. ;
cum patribus conscriptis, to have a cause of
complaint of, to complain of, Liv. ; with ace. and
infln., se turn exstingui, Cic; with dat. of pers.
and ace. of thing; Oceano furta niariti, Ov.
querquetulanus -a -um (querquetum), of
or belonging to an oak-wood ; Querquetulanus-
mons, old name of the Caelius mons at Borne, Tac.
querquetum = quercetum (q.v.).
querulus -a -um (queror). I. complaining,
plaintive; cicada, Verg.; vox, Ov. II, coin-
plaining, querulous; senex, Hor.
questus -us, ni. (queror), a complaining,^
complaint, lament; a, of human beinss, qui
questus, qui maeror dignus inveniri in tanta
cnlamitatc potest, Cic. ; b, of the nightingale's
song, Verg.
1. qui, quae, quid. I. Pron. rel., who,
which, what, thai. A. Agreement ; agrees in
gender and number with its antecedent, but for
case depends on its own verb, lima earn lucem,
quam a sole accipit, mittit in terras, Cic. Pe-
culiarities : a, qui sometimes has the same noting
is' the ciitecedent in its own clause, quas res
violehtissinias natura. gen - :: it, earum iT.;d?r:t-
ionem uos soli habemus, Cic; b, qui takes
a subst. ns an attribute, ab Romanis cui
nni fldcbant auxilio, Liv. ; often used paren-
thetically witli esse, spero, quae tua prudentia.
et teniperantia est. te valere, such is your tern,
pcrance, Cic. ; c, with an adj. as attribute, ad
suas res revocet, quas aut tulerit acerbas aut
timeat, Cic. ; d, qui often introduces a new
sentence, and this; res loquitur ipsa; quae
semper valet pluriutum, Cic. Irregularities : a,
qui in a different gender from its antecedent (u)
with a verb of calling, when it agrees with an
attrib. subst. in its own clause, agrum, quae
postea sunt Mucin prata appellata, Liv.;(/J) quod
with neut., referring to the whole previous
sentence, Laeedaemonii regeni, quod numquam
an tea apud eos acciderat, necaverunt, Cic. ; b,
when qui is in a different number from its
antecedent, (a) with a collective noun as ante-
cedent, equitatum praemittit qui videant, Cic;
($) when the rel. sent, is more general than
the antecedent clause, si te.mpus est ullum .
jure hominis necandi, quae inulta sunt, Cic. ;
C, qui is sometimes attracted into the ease of
its antecedent, illo augurio quo diximus, Cic.
B. Mood : 1, foil, by the indie, when a simple
statement is made, mors quae Datura debita est,
Cic. ; 2, by the subj, a, to express purpose,
that; eripiuutaliis quodaliis largiantur, Cic; b,
to express reason, as; reete Socrates exsecrari
oum solebat, qui primus utilitatem a natura
sejunxisset, Cic ; c, with such words as is,
talis, eiusmodi, tain and with adj., aptus,
idoneus, dignus, ego is sum qui nihil feeerini, the
kin.d of man to, etc., Cic. ; and with verbs such
as habere, reperire, esse, and in the phrase, nemo
est qui, nullus est qui, quotusquisquc est qui,
etc., qui est qui dicere audeat, Cic ; also after a
comparative, Liv. II. Pron. interrog., who?
whieJi? what' what manner of? what kind of?
A. In direct speech, a, adj., qui cantus dulcior
inveniri potest? Cic. ; b, subst., qui primus
Ameriam nuntiat, Cic B. In indirect speech,
a, adj., scribis to velle scire; qui sit reipublicae
status, Cic; b, subst., tu te collige, et qui sis
considera, Cic. III. Pron. indef., qui, quae and
qua, quod; a, adj., any, some; nisi qui dens
subvenerit, Cic; b, subst., any one; si qui
Itomae esset deinortuus, Cic. (old form, aid.
qui with cum, quicum = quocum, Cic; plur.
dat., queis, Verg. ; quis, Sail., Hor.).
2. qui (old abl. of qui). I. Pel., where-
with, wherefrom ; in tanta paupertate decessit,
ut qui etl'erretur, vix reliquerit, Nep. ; habeo
qui utar, Cic. II. Interrog., A. In direct
questions, in what manner? how then ? deum nisi
sempiternura intelligere qui possumus-* Cic. B.
In indirect questions, Plant.
quia, conj. (old neut. plur. of qui), because
(used only of a reason that is certain); often
with particles, ideo, idciico, propterea, etc.,
quia mutari natura non potest, ideirco vorae
amicitiae. sempiternae sunt, Cic. ; under the
phrases, a, quiane, in questions, is it because ?
quiane juvat ante levatos, Verg. ; b, quianam =
cur. why, Verg.
quicumque, quaecumque, quodeumque,
whoever, whichever, whatever. I. Gen., qui-
cumque is est, ei, etc., Cic. ; quacumque potui
ratione, in every possible way, Cic. ; ut quod-
eumque vellet, liceret facere every thing that he
chose, Nep. ; neut., quodeumque, however much ;
hoc quodeumque est or vides, th<s whole, Verg.
II. = qualiscumque, of whatever kind; quae-
cumque mens ilia fuit, Gabinii fuit, Cic; separ-
ated, qua re cumque possemus, Cic
qiudam, quaedam, quoddam, and subst.,
quiddain, t certain psrson or thi/ng. I. Lit., a,
quaedam vox, Ci".;*quDdam tempore, at a certain
qui
463
qui
time; subst, quidam de colleges uostris, Cic. ;
ueut., quiddam divinum, something divine, Cic.;
with genit, quiddam mali, Cic. ; b, quidam or
quasi quidam. tamquam quidam, velut quidam,
a ki)id of, so to speak ; incredibilis quaedam
magnitude ingenii, Cic. II. Plur., quidam, quae-
dam, some; quidam dies, Cic.
quidem, conj. indeed, even. I. To strength-
en an assertion, est ilium quidem vel maximum
amino ipso aninmm videre, Cic. II. Uniting an
assertion, at least, for certain; uou video causam,
cur ita sit, hoc quidem tenvpore, Cic. ; ne . . .
quidem, not even, Caes. III. In explanation,
indeed, truly ; doleo ac mirifi.ee quidem, Cic.
quidni ? why not ? Cic.
quies -etis, f. rest. I. Gen., repose, quiet ; 1,
lit., mors laborum ac miseriarum quies est, Cic;
quietem capere, to enjoy, Caes. ; quies ab armis,
Liv. ; plur., somno et quietibus ceteris, kinds of
rest, Cic. ; 2, meton., a place of rest, Lucr. II.
Esp., A. rest at night, sleep ; 1, lit., a, gen., ire
ad quietem, to go to sleep, Cic; datur hora quieti,
Verg. ; b, the sleep of death ; dura quies, Verg. ;
2, meton., a, dream, Tac. ; b, time of sleep,
night, Verg. B. silence, Tac C. keeping quiet ;
1, lit., a, peace, Sail. ; b, neutrality, Tac. ; c,
quiet of the mind, Ov. ; 2, transf., of things,
calm, Verg.
quiesco -evi -etum, 3. (quies), to rest, repose.
I. Gen., to rest from work, etc. ; a, of living
beings, ipse dux (gruum) revolat, ut ipse quoque
(juiescat, Cic; b, transf., of things, prato gravia
anna quiescunt, Verg. II. Esp., A. to rest, to
tic down, Cic. B. to rest = to sleep; a, of the
living, ccnatus quiescebat, Cic; b, of the dead,
to rest in the grave ; placida compostus pace
quiescit, Verg. C. to keep quiet; 1, lit., a, to be
silent; quiescebant voces hominum canumque,
Ov. ; b, to remain quiet, to do nothing ; esp. in
politics, (a) to be inactive; quiescere vigiutidies,
Cic. ; (jS) to undertake no war, etc., to be at
peace; urbs ilia non potest quiescere, Cic; (y)
not to mi.e in politics, to hold, aloof, to be neutral ;
quiescere in republica, Cic. ; 2, transf., of
things ; a, to be still, calm; alta quierunt ae-
quora, Verg.; b, of the soil, to remain fallow;
ager qui inultos annos quiescit, Cic. D. to
remain free from trouble, to be peaceful, un-
disturbed; numquanine quiescit civitas nostra
a suppliciis? Liv. E. to rest; a, to cease from
some action, to leave off doing something, Hor. ;
b, to cease to be of any weight ; potentia quiescit,
Cic. F. to be quiet in mind, Tor. (syncop. form,
quierunt, quierim, quierint, quiessem, quiesse).
quiete, adv. (quietus), quietly, peaceably;
vivere, Cic. ; apte et quiete ferre aliquid, Cic.
quietus -a -urn (quies), quiet, peaceful. I.-
Lit., resting from activity. A. Gen., aer, Verg.
B. Esp., 1, resting, sleeping, Tac. ; 2, resting
from tumult, uproar, combat, etc. ; a, quiet, in-
active; (a) of persons, quieto sedente rege ad
Enipeum, Liv. ; (j3) of places, free from tumult,
quiet, at peace; quieta Gallia, Caes.; with ab
and the abl., a seditioue et a bello quietis rebus,
Liv.; neut. plur. subst., quieta movere, Sail.; b,
neutral, quiet, Liv.; 3, keeping aloof from politics,
retired, living inpeace ;(a)of persons, major cura
etriciendi rempublicam gerentibus quam quietis,
Cic ; (8) of situations, vita privata et quieta,
Cic II. Transf., of character, 1, quiet, peace-
ful, mild; homo quietissimus, Cic; animus
quietus r.t solutus, Cic ; 2, deliberate, slow, in
a bad sense (opp. acer) ; quietus, imbellis, placido
animo, Sail.
quilibet, quaellbet, quodllbet and subst,
quidlibet, an:/ you will, any one, anything. I.
Gen., quaelibet minima res, any the least thinr,
Cic. ; quibuslibet temporibus, at cdl times, Liv.;
subst., quidlibet, anything and everything, Hor.
II. Esp., with a contemptuous meaning, the
first that comes, any; certo genere, uon quolibet,
Cic.
quin (for quine, from qui and ne). I. In
dependent sentence with a preceding negative.
A. that not, so that not, without ; numquam taiu
male est Siculis quin aliquid facete et commode
dicaut, Cic; esp., with phrases nemo est, nihil
est, quis est, quid est, nemo fuit quin illud
.viderit, Cic. ; non quin ipse dissentiam, not as if
I did not disagree, Cic B. a, with verbs of
hindering, neglecting, etc., to be translated iuto
English by without and the present participle,
nullum adhuc iutermisi diem, quiu aliquid ad
te litterarum darem, Cic. ; nihil abest quin sim
miserrimus, Cic. ; b, after verbs of doubting,
ignorauce, etc., that, but that; non dubitari dobet
quia fueriut ante Homerum poetae, Cic. ; quis
iguorat, quin tria Graecoruru genera sint? who
does not know that ? Cic. II. In principal sent-
ences. A. To express encouragement, exhorta-
tion, etc., why not? quin conscendimus equos,
Liv. B. To add emphasis, rather, yea rather ;
quin contra si, etc., Liv. ; quin etiain, quin
innno, Cic
CjUinam, quaenam, quodnam, pron. interrog.,
who, which, what then ? I. Iu direct questions,
sed quinam est ille epilogus, Cic. II. In in-
direct questions, quaesivit quasnam formosas
virgines haberet, Cic.
Quinctius (Quintius) -a urn, name of a
Roman gens, ihc most famous members of which
were : 1, L. Quinctius Cincinuatus, summoned
from the plough to be dictator; 2, T. Quinctius
Flamininus, the conqueror of the Macalonian
king Philip). Adj. = Quinctian; gens, Liv.
Hence, adj., Quinctianus -a -um, Quinctian.
quincunx -cuncis (quinquc and uncia),
jive-twelfths of a whole. I. Lit, five-twelfths of
an its; as a.coin= five undue, Hor. II. Transf.,
* *
the form of the five * spots on dice; and
hence applied to a plantation in which rows of
trees were so planted; directi in quincuncein
ordines, Cic
quindecies, adv. (quinque and decies),
fifteen times, Cic.
quindecim, num. (quinque and decern),
fifteen, Caes.
quindecimprimi -drum, in. the fifteen chief
senators of a mv.nici)dum, Caes.
quindecim vir -i, in. and qulndecirnviri
-orum and (gen.) -um, a college of fifteen magis-
trates; esp., quindecim viri sacris faciundis or
quiudecimviri sacrorum, or simply quindecim-
viri, one of the three great priestly colleges, having
the superintendence of the Sibylline books ; separ-
ated, quindecim Diana preces virorum curet,
Hor.
quindecimviralis -e, of or relating to the
quiudecimviri, Tac.
quingeni -ae -a, num. distrib. (quingenti),
five hundred each, Cic.
quingentesunus -a -ura (quingenti), the five
hundredth, Cic.
quingenti -ae -a, num. (quinqueand centum),
five hundred, Cic.
quin gentles, adv. (quingenti), five hundred
times, Cic
quini -ae -a, num. distrib. (quinque). I.
fve each, Cic. II. five, Liv.
quinideni -ae -a, num. distrib. fifteen each,
Liv.
qumiviceni -ae -a, num. distrib. twenty-
five each, Liv.
qui
464
qui
r
quinquageni -ae -a, num. distrib. (qnin-
quagiula),//?!/ each, Cic.
quinquageslmus -a -urn, num. (quinqua-
ginta), the fiftieth, Cic. ; subst., quinqua-
gesima -ac, f. (sc. pars), a fiftieth part, as a
tax, Cic.
qulnquagies, adv. fifty times, Pliu.
qulnquaginta num. (irei>rri<ovTa), fifty,
Cic.
quinquatrup Hum, f. ami quinquatria-
-iuin, 11. a, festival of Minerva; niajores (cele-
brated from tlie 19th to the 23rd of March);
minores, minusculae (on the 13th of July), Cic.
quinquo, num. (nivre), fire, Cic.
Qulnqu 5gentla.nl -orum, in. a people in
Cyrenaka (Pentapolitani).
quinquennalis -o (quinquennis). I. hap-
pening every five years, quinquennial ; celebritas
ludoruin, Cic. ii. lasting for Jive years; ceu-
sura, Liv.
quinquennis -e (<iuinque and annus). I.
five years old; vinura, Hor. II. Transf., poet.,
celebrated every five years ; Olympias, the Olympic
games, Ov.
quinquennium -ii, n. (quinque and annus),
nperioil of five years; quinquennii iinpeiiuni,
Cic. ; Alius quinquennio major, more than five
years old, Liv.
quinquepertitus (quinquepartitus)
-a -uni, divided into five portions, fivefold, Cic.
quinqueprimi -orum, m. the five chief
senators in a municipiiun, Cic.
quinqueremis -e (quinque and renins),
having five banks of oars ; navis, Liv. ; oftener
assubst., quinqueremis -is, f. a ship with
five banks of oars, a quinquercme, Cic.
quinquevir -i, m., plur. quinqueviri, a coin-
mission or college office persons, e.g., the agrarian
commission for distributing the public land,
Cic; for repairing fortifications, Liv.; for help-
ing the tresviri in the night-police, Liv.
quinqueviratus -us, in. the office or dignity
■ of a quinquevir, Cic.
quinquies, a.dv. five times, Cic.
quinquiplico, 1. to make fivefold, Tac.
quintSdecimani -5ruin, m. the soldiers of
the fifteenth legion, Tac.
quintanus -a -urn (quintus), of or relating to
the fifth. I. Subst., quintana -ae, f. a road
in a Roman camp which intersected the tents of
the legionary sol/Hers, dividing the fifth maniple
and the fifth turma from the sixth, Liv. II. belong-
ing to the fifth legion ; subst., quintan! -Orum,
m. soldiers of the fifth legion, Tac.
Quintilianus -i, m. a Roman name, the
most celebrated bearer of which was M. Fabius
Quintilianus, the famous rhetorician, born, at
Calagurris in Hjiain, head of a school of rhetoric
at Home, tearher of Pliny the Younger and of
Juvenal.
, Quintilis (Quinctilis) -is. m. (with or
without ni'-nsis), the fifth month (reckoning from
March as the first), afterwards called Julius, in
honour of Julius Caesar, Cic.
Quintilfus Varus, of Cremona, a friend
of Horace und Vergil.
■ 1. quintus -a -nirt (quinque), adv. the fifth,
Cic; quiiitum, quinto, jor the fifth /ime r Liy.
2 Quintus, fern., Quinta, a common Roma-'
praenomen, the masc. usually abbreviated Q.
quintusdeclmus -a -urn, the fifteenth, Liv.
quippe, conj. (quia-pe, as nempe from nam-
pe), certainly, indeed, by all means, to be sure.
I. Gen., a te quidem aple et rotunde (dicta
sunt), quippe habes enim a rhotoiibns, Cic. ;
used witli quod, Cic, quum, Cic. ; qui, quae,
quod (and subj. in Cic); quippe etiam, quippe
et, Verg. II. Esp., ironically, forsooth ; quippe
liomini erudito, Cic.
quippini (quippem), adv. why not ? Plant.
Quirinus -i, m. (from Sabine curis, a spear,
the wielder of the spear, the warlike one). I. the
name of Romulus after his apotheosis; populus
Quirini, the Romans, Hor. ; ^eniini Qnirini,
Rn.nulus and Remus, Jnv. II. Janus, Suet.
III. Augustus, Verg. IV. Antonius, Prop. ;
licuce, A. Quirinus -a -um, of or relating to
Romulus: collis, the Quirinal, Ov. B. Quir-
inalis -e, relating to Quirinus or Romulus;
trabea, Verg.; collis, the Quirinal HVl (now
Monte Oavallo), Cic. ; sub., Quirinalia -luin,
u. a festival in honour of Romulus, celebrated on
the 1~th of February, Cic.
1. Quiris, v. Qulritcs.
2. quiris -is, f. (curis) (a Sabine word), a
spear, Ov.
quiritatio -onis, f. (quirito), a shriek, scream,
cry of distress, Liv.
Qulritcs -luin and -um, m. (Cures), the in-
habitants of the Sabine town Oures, Verg. ; after
the union of the Romans and Sabines the
name Quirites was used of the citizens of
Rome considered in their civic character,
Rornani of them in their political and military
character : found in the expressions, Populus
Roman us Quiritium, Populus Romanus Quiri-
tesque, Quirites Romani, Liv. ; for a general to
address his soldiers by the term Quirites was
equivalent to a discharge, Tac. ; jus Quiritium,
full Roman citizenship; sing., Quiris -itis, m.
c, Honum citizen, Cic. ; plur:, Quirites, poet.,
transf, of the bees in a hive, Verg.
quirito, l. and quiritor -Sri, 1. dep.
(Qairites), oiig., to call the Quirites to help;
hence, gen., to vtter a cry of distress, to shriek,
scream, cry out; vox quiritantium, Liv.
1. quis, quid, pron. interrog. I. In direct
questions, who? what? quis clarior Themistocle ?
Cic; quis tu? Cic.; esp., quid, a, subst.,
what? quid turn? uhat follows? Cic; quid igitur
est? how stands it, then? Cic; with genit. =
how much? how many? quid pictarum tabular-
urn, Cic. ; b, adv., (a) to express surprise,
quid! what I how! quid ! eundem nonne desti-
tuisti ? Cic ; (£) why ? wherefore ? sed quid
argumentor? Cic; quid ita? why so? how so?
Cic; quidni? why not? Cic. II. In indirect
questions. A. Subst., considera quis quern
fraudasse dicatur, Cic. B. Adj., rogitat, quis
vir esset, Liv.
2. quis, quid, pron. indef., any one, anybody,
anything; potest quis errare aliqnando, Cic.
8. quis = quibus, v. qui.
quisnam, quidnam, pron. iuterreig. who
then? what then? quisnam igitur tuebitur P.
Scipionis niemoriaiu mortui? Cic; frequently
joined with num, nuui quidnam novi (sc. ac-
cidif)? Cic; s times separated wi'h nam
placed first or afterwards, quid se nam facturum
arbitratus est? Cic ; nam quis te nostras jussit.
adire domos ? Verg.
quispiam, quaepiam, quod plain and subst.,
quidplam or quippiam. I. any, any one, any-
thing, someone, something; quaepiam cohors,
Caes. ; si cuipiam pecuniam adeniit, Cie. II.
many a one; innocens est quispiam, Cic
quisquam, quaequain, quidquani (quic-
qiinm), any person, anybody, any one, anything ;
used chiefly in negative sentences, or iu quesr
qui
465
quo
tirms ; esne quisquam qui, etc.? Cic. ; nee quis-
quam, and no one, Cic. ; with genit., restrain
quisquam, Liv.
quisque, quaeque, quidquc and adj., quod-
quO, each, every, every one, everybody, everything ;
often used with the plur. of verbs; pro se
quisque nostrum debenius, Cic; generally used
with sui, sibi, se, suus ; suo cuique .judicio
est utendum, every one must use his own
judgment, Cic. ; suum quisque flagitium aliis
objectautes, Tac. ; with coinp., quo quisque est
Kollertior, hoc docet laboriosius, the more . . .
the more, Cic ; with superl., doctissimus quis-
que, all the most learned, Cic. ; optimum quid-
quc rarissimum est, Cic. ; so with numerals,
quinto quoque anno, every five years, Cic. ; esp.,
primus quisque, (a), the first possible, the very
first; primo quoque tempore, on the very first
occasion, Cic. ; (/3) one after the otlier, Cic.
quisquiliae -arum, f. (perhaps from quis-
que, any sort of thing), rubbish, sweepings, refuse,
offscourings ; applied to persons, quisquiliae
seditionis Clodianae, Cic.
quisquis, quaequae, qaidquid (quiequid),
and adj. quodquod. I. whoever, whichever, what-
ever ; quisquis ille est, whoever he may be, Cic;
quoquo modo res se habeat, however the affair
nmy stand, Cic; with genit., (a) masc, deorum
quisquis amicior Afris, Hor. ; (0) neut., deorum
quidquid regit terras, all the gods who, etc., Cic;
ace, quidquid, adv., how much soever ; quidquid
progredior, Liv. ; abl., quoquo, adv., whitherso-
ever, Cic. II, any one, anything, any ; quocum-
que in loco quisquis est, Cic.
quivls, quaevis, quidvis and adj., quodvis,
whoever, whatever you will, any one, anything
whatever ; quivis ut perspicere possit, Cic. ;
quodvis genus, Cic; quivis unus, any one you
please, Cic. ; quidvis, anything whatever, every-
thing; quidvis perpeti, all possible evil, Cic.
quivlsoumque, quaeviscumquS, quodvis-
cumqufi, who or whatsoever' you will, Lucr.
quo, adv. (orig. quoi, dat. and abl. of neut.
of rel. pron., qui). I. Iudef., A. any whither ;
si quo erat prodeundum, Cic. B. anyhow,
Liv. II. Rel., A. 1, lit., whither ; ad partem
provineiae venturous, quo te velle arbitrager,
Cic. ; eos quo se contulit (= ad quos), Cic. ; with
genit., quo ten-arum possent, Liv. ; 2, truusf.,
a, how far, to what extent; scire quo ainentiae
progressi sitis, Liv.; b, to what end; quo tan-
tam pecuniain, Cic. B. Causal, 1, because, as
if; non quo ipse audteris, Cic. ; 2, with corn-
par., to the end that, that the {more), Cic. ; 3,
wherefore, on which account ; in causa esse, quo
serins, etc., Liv. ; quominus, that not, after
verbs of hindering, such as impedire, deterrere,
rccusare, Liv.; stent per Treboniuiu quominus,
etc, it was owing to Trcbonius Had not, Cic. C
how, Ov.
quoad, adv. I. Of space, how far, as far
as; videte nunc quoad fecerit iter, Cic; quoad
possem, Cic. ; quoad possunt ab homine cog-
nosci, as far as men can know them, Cic. ; with
genit. of the object or limit; quoad eius facere
possum, Cic. II. Of time, a, as long as; quoad
yotui, Cic ; b, until, up to the time that ; (a)
with indie, quoad senatus dimissus est, Cic. ;
(/3) with subj., quoad te videam, Cic. (quoad
one syllable, in Hor.).
quocirca, conj. therefore, on that account
Cic. ; in tmesis, quo, bone, circa, Hor.
qudcumque, adv. whithersoever, Cic. ; in
tmesis, nura earn ratbnem, quo ea me cumque
ducet, sequar ? Cic.
quod, orig. neut. of rel. pron., qui. I.
Rel. adv., 1, in which relatioi, wherem; quod
continens memoria sit, Liv. ; 2, why, on which
account ; esp., est quod, there is reusonfor, etc. ;
est magis (piod gratnler, Cic. ; at the beginning
of a now sentence, therefore, thereby ; quod vobis
venire in mentem necesse est, Cic. ; with other
conjunctions, quod si, but if, Cic; quod utinam,
might it be so, Cic. ; so also, quod ubi, Cic. ;
quod quuni, Caes. II. Conj., A. 1, because;
noctc ainbulabat, quod somnium capere non
posset, Cic. ; 2. after verbs of rejoicing, prais-
ing, blaming, (hat, because ; tibi again gratias,
quod me vivere coegisti, Cic. B. 1, bene facis,
quod me adjuvas, Cic ; 2, as respects that, aa
to that; quod scribis, Cic. ; 3, although, Ov.
quodammodd, adv. in a certain way, in a
certain measure, Cic
quolib6t, adv (orig. quoilibet, dat. of qui.
libtt), whithersoever you please, Ov.
quominus, v. quo.
quomodo, adv. in what manner, how. I,
Interrog., a, in questions, quomodo? Cic; b,
in exclamations, quomodo mortem rilii tnlit !
Cic. II. Rel., liaec negotia quomodo se
habeant ne epistola quidem narrare audeo,
Cic. ; corresponding with ttic or ita, Cic.
quomoddcumque, adv. in what way soever,
howsoever, Cic.
quomodonam, adv. how then ? Cic.
quonam, whither then, whith-cr pray, Cic. ;
quonain liaec omnia nisi ad suam perniciem
pertinere ? what end tend they to ? Caes.
quondam, adv. (= quuradam). I. at a
certain time; a, once, Cic; b, at times, Cic.
II. Esp., a, 6f past time, once, Cic. ; b, of the
future, at some future time, sometime, Vetg.
quomam. conj. (quoin = quum and jam),
since, seeing that, whereas, because, Cic.
quoquam, adv. to any place, any whither,
Lucr.
1. quoque, adv. (never at the beginning of
a clause, but placed after the word to which it
immediately refers), also, Cic. ; ne . . . quoque
= ne . . . quidem, Liv.
■2. quoque, a, from quisque (q.v.); b,= et
quo, Liv.
quoquo, v. quisquis.
quoquovarsus (quoqudvorsus) and
quoquoversum (quoquovorsum), adv.
in every direction, Cic.
quorsum (quorstis), adv. (= quo versus),
whither, to what place f transf., a, quorsum liaec
pertinent? Cic; b, to what purpose? with what
view? to what end? quorsum igitur liaec dis-
puto, Cic.
quot, adj. plur. indecl. I. how many : a,
interrog., how many? quot calamitates? Cic;
b, rel., quot dies eriinus in Tusculano, as long
as I shall be, etc., Cic. ; in correlation with tot,
as many, so many; quot homines, tot causae,
Cic. II. all, every; quot annis, yearly, Cic.
qu&tannis, v. quot.
quotcumque, as many as, how many soever
Cic.
quoteni -ae -a (quot), how many each, Cic.
quotidianus (cotidianus, cottidi
anus) -a -urn (quotidie). I. everyday, daily;
aspectus, Cic; exercitatio,Caes. ; vita, Cic. ; adv.,
quotidiano, daily, Cic. II. Transf., every-day,
common, ordinary; verba, Cicj ; vis, Cic.
qudtidio (cotidle, cottidio), adv. daily,
every day, Cic.
quoties (quotlens), adv. (quot). I. Tnter.
as often
how often? Cic. II. Rel., in correlation,
so often ; totiis
quoties, Cio. ;
quo
4GG
rad
and with toties omitted, quoties mini potestas
erit, non praetennittam, Cic.
quotiescumque, adv. Tiok often soever, Cic.
quotquot, num. indecL however many, as
many soever as, Cic.
quotus -a -urn (quot), what in number? of
what number? how many? quotus erit iste
denarius qui non sit ferendus? Cic. ; hora quota
est? what o'clock is it? Hon; tu, quotus esse
velis, rescribo, how many quests you would like
to be invited with you, Hor. ; quotusquisque,
how many, ironically = how few ; quotus enini
quisque disertus, Cic.
quotuscumque -acumquS -umcumqug,
whatever in number, how great or how small so-
ever, Tib.
quotusquisque, v. quotus.
quousque, adv. until when, how long, how
far; quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, pat-
ientia nostra"? Cic. (separated, quo enim usque,
Cic.)
quum (cum), cunj. (an old ace. neut. from
quus = qui). I. Of time, A. Gen., 1, when;
qui non det'endit injuriam quum potest, injuste
facit, Cic. ; esp. with tunc, turn, num, jam ;
quum primuin, as soon as, Cic. ; with historic
present or aoristperf. orimperf., or with the his-
toric iutiu., Liv., Cic. ; 2, as often as, whenever;
quum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, in cubic-
ulum deferebatur, Cic; 3, since; multi auni
sunt, quum Fabius in aere ineo est, Cic. B. 1,
used in a relative sense after a subst., when,
at which; fuit quoddam tempus, quum homines
vagabantur, Cic. ; with the subj. , fuit quum arbi-
Srarer, Cic; 2, used in a causal sense, when;
praeclare facis quum puerum diligis, Cic; quum
. . . trim, wlien . . . so also, both > . . and,
not, only . . . but also; volvendi sunt lihri,
quum aliorum turn inprimis Catonis, Cic. ;
quum maxiinc, particularly, above all : nunc
quum maxime, Cic. II. To express cause with
subj., A. as; quum vita metus plena sit, Cic
B. 1, with a mixture of connexion in time and
in cause, esp. in narrative, with imperf. and
pluperf., as when; Epaniinondas quum vicisset
Laeedaemonios, quaesivit, Cic; 2, although;
quum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic.
R.
Kr, the seventeenth letter of the Latin alpha-
j bet, corresponds with tho Greek rho
('P, p). On account of the aspirate which
always accompanies the Greek letter, we find
it represented by rh in some words derived from
that language. The letters rand 5 seem to have
been interchangeable to a great extent, as in
arbor, arbos ; honor, honos ; quaeso for quaero ;
hesterous, from heri, etc. ; r is also assimilated
with I, as in the diminutive libellus from liber,
in intelligo from inter-lego, etc. For abbrevia-
tions in which R. is used, see Table of Abbrevia-
tions.
rabide, adv. (rabid us), madly, savagely,
fiercely; omnia appetere, Cic
rabidus -a -urn (rabies), ragirg, mad. I. In
a narrow sense, Plin. II. In a wider sense,
fierce, raving, savage. A. 1, lit., of animals,
canes, Ov. ; leones, Hor. ; 2, transf., of tilings,
pcroocal characteristics, "Mild, savage; mores,
Ov. ; fames, Verg. B. Of inspired madness,
raging; os, ora. Verg.
rabies -ei, f. (rabio), madness. I. In a narrow
sense, as a disease, Ov. ; contacto eo scelere velut
injects rabie ad anna ituros, Liv. II. In a
wider sense. A. raging, fierceness, fury, rage ;
a, of persons, animi aearbitas quaedam et
rabies, Cic; ira et rabies Latinorum. Liv.; b,
transf., of things, fury, rage; fatalis temporis,
Liv. ; caeli marisque, Verg. B. Esp., of the
inspired madness of the Sibyl, Yerg.
rabio, 3. to be mad, Varr.
rabldse, adv.' (rabiosus), madly, furiously,
Cic.
rabiosulus -a -um (dim. of rabiosus), some-
what raging, furious, Cic.
rabiosus -a -um (rabies), raging, mad. I.
In a narrow sense, of madness as a disease,
Plant. II. In a wider sense, furious, savage;
canis, Hor.; transf., of things, vide ne fortitude
minime sit rabiosa, Cic.
Rabirius -a -van, name of a Roman gens,
the most famous members of which were: 1, C.
Rabirius Postumus, accused of treason, and de-
fended by Cicero; 2, Rabirius, a poet, cont">n-
porary of Vergil. Adj., Rablrianus -a -um,
relating to Rabirius.
rabo = arrhabo (q.v.).
rabula -ae, m. (rabio), a bawling advocate,
pettifogger, Cic.
racemifer -fera -fSruin (racemus and fero).
1, bearing berries; uva, Ov. ; 2, crowned with
grapes; capilli, Ov.
racemus -i, m. I. the stalk of a clusto of
gratpes; uva lentis racemis, Verg. II. Mcton.,
A. a cluster of grapes, Verg. B. the juice of the
grape, Ov.
RScillUS -a -um, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous member of which was L. Racilius,
re tribune of the people in the time of Cicero.
Racilia -ae, f. wife of the dictator L. Q. Cln-
cinnatus.
radiatus (radius), provided with rays, beam-
ing ; sol, Cic. ; lumina, Ov.
radlcltus, adv. (radix), with the. root. I.
Lit., Plin. II. Fig., roots and all, utterly; ex-
trahere cupiditatem, Cic.
radlciila -ae, f. (dim. of radix), a little root,
Cic.
radio, 1. and radior, l.dep. (radius, beam),
to gleam, glitter, emit rays or beams, radiate ;
argenti radiabant lumine valvae, Ov. ; partic,
radians, gleaming; luna, Verg.
radius -ii, m. a staff, rod. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
acuta atque alius per alium immissi radii, Liv.
B. Esp., 1, the sjioke of a wheel, Verg. ; 2,
mathem. t. t., the staff that mathematicians used
for drawing figures on the abucus ; 3, t. t. of
weaving, a shuttle, Verg.; 4, t. t. of zoology, a,
the sting of the fish pastinaca, Tliu. ; b, radii,
the spurs of birds, Plin. ; 5, t. t. of botany, a
kind of long olive, Verg. II. Transf. , 1, mathem.
t. t., the radius or semi-diameter of a circle, Cic;
2, a ray, beam of light ; radii solis, Cic.
radix -icis, f. (perh. connected with pi'£a),
a root. I, Gen., A. 1, lit., the root of a tree or
plant; cortices et radices, Cic; arbores ab radic-
ibus subruere, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, the root or
lowest part of anything (of tho tongue), Ov. ; of a
feather, Ov.; b, the foot of a mountain; in radic-
ibus Caucasi natus, Cic. B. Fig., a, origin,
source; patientiae, Cic; ex iisdem, quibus no%
radieibus natum, a native of the same place, Cic. :
b, firm foundation ; Pompejus, eo robore vir :
iis radieibus, Cic II. Esp., an edible root; a
genus radicis quod appellatur chara, Caes. ; b.
a radish, Hor.
rad
467
rap
rado, rasi, rasum, 3. to scrape, scratch, shave.
I. to make smooth by scraping, shaving, etc. ;
lapides palma, Hor. II. to graze, brush along,
touch; litora, Verg. ; terras, Hor. III. to
scratch or scrape away, erase ; a, nomen fastis,
Tac. ; b, to shave the hair with a razor (tondere,
to cut it with scissors); caput et supercilia, Cio. ;
radere caput, as a sign of slavery, Liv., in pur-
suance of a vow, Juv.
Raeti (Rhaeti) -crura, m. « people between
the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, north of the
I'o. Hence, A. Kaetia -ae, f. liaetia, their
country, B. Raeticus -a -uiu, Raetian. C.
RaetUS -a -uni, liaetian.
raja -ae, f. a fish, the ray, Pliu.
rallum -i, n. (rado), a scraper for cleaning a
ploughshcere, Plin.
rallus -a -urn (rad-lus, from rado), thin, of
fine texture, Plaut.
ramale -is, n. (ramus), usually plur., twigs,
branches, brushwood, Ov.
ramentum -i, n. (for radmentum, from
rado, as caementmn from caedo). I. a shaving,
splinter, chip, Lucr. II. Transf., a bit, morsel;
aurum cum ramento, every halfpenny, Plaut.
ranieus -a -um (ramus), of or relating to
branches; fragmenta, brushwood, Verg.
ramex -Icis, m. I. a ruptwre, Plin. II.
raniiccs, the blood-vessels of the lungs, tht lungs,
Plaut.
Ramnes -lum, m. (from ROM -us, Romulus),
and Bamnenses -ium, m. I. one of the
three tribes into which the early Roman citizens
were dividedby Romulus according to their nation-
ality (Ramnes, the Latin stem ; Tatiau, the
Sabine; Luceres, the Etruscan), and hence the
name of one of the three centuries of cavalry in-
stituted by Romulus. II. Poet., transf. = nobles,
Hor.
ramosus -a -um (ramus), full of boughs,
branching, branchy. I. Lit., arbor, Liv. II.
Poet., transf., hydra ramosa natis e caede colu-
bris, the hydra, from whose trunk, as from a tree,
grew young serpents, Ov.
ramulus -i, in. (dim. of ramus), a little
branch, twig, Cic.
ramus -i, m. I. abough, branch, twig. A.
Lit., in quibus non truueus, non rami, noil folia,
Cic. B. Meton., a, the fruit growing on a
bough ; rami atque venatus alebat, Verg. ; b,
aoranch of a slag's antlers, Oaes. II. Transf., 1,
branch of a mountain range, Plin. ; 2, rami, the
arms of the Greek letter Y, regarded by the Pytha-
goreans as symbolical of the two paths of life;
Samii rami, Pers.
rana -ae, f. a frog. I. Lit., Verg. ; rana
turpis, a, toad, Hor. II. Transf., rana marina,
a sea-fish (Luphius piscatorius, Linn.), Cic.
ranceo, to stink, only in partic, rancens
-entis, stinking, putrid, Lucr.
ranciduius -a -um (dim., of rancidus). L
somewhat stinking, putrid, Juv. II. Transf.,
loathsome, Pers.
rancidus -a -um (ranceo), stinking, rank. I,
Lit., aper, Hor. II. Transf., disgusting, offensive,
Juv.
ranunculus -i, m. (dim. of rana). I. a little
frog, atadpole, Cic. ; in jest, used of the inhabit-
ants of Ulubrae, which was near the Pomptine
Marshes, Cic. II. a plant, perhaps crowfoot, Plin.
rapa -ae, f. = rapum (q.v.).
rapacida -ae, m. (rapax), a robber, Plaut.
rapacitas -atis, f. (rapax), grac&imcs, ra-
pucicy ; quis in rapacitate avarior? Cic.
rapax -aeis (rapio). I. seizing to oneself,
bearing or snatching away, furious, violent. A.
Lit., ventus, Ov. ; fluvius, Lucr. B. Tuansf.,
grasping, prone to grasp ; nihil est appetentius,
similiussui, nee rapacius quam natura, Cic. II,
plundering, greedy of plunder. Subst., a robber ;
a, of persons, Cic. ; b, of animals, lupus, Hor. ;
C, ofabstr. personif., mors, Tib. ; Orcus, Hor.
raphaninus -a -um (pa^avivos), of radishes,
made from radishes, Plin.
raphanitis -idis, f. (pa<j>aviTt.<;), a sword-lily,
Plaut.
raphanus -i, m. and f. (pa^a^os), a radish,
Cat.
rapide, adv. (rapidus), hurriedly, quickly,
rapidly. I. Lit., rapide dilapsus fluvius, Cic.
II. Transf., quod quum rapide fertur, Cic.
rapiditas -atis, f. (rapidus), rapid flow,
rapidity; fluminis, Caes.
rapidus -a -um (rapio), tearing, seizing. I.
a, of living beings, violent, savage; ferae, Ov. ;
b, of things, co)isuming, devouring ; sol, Verg.
II. Of motion, hurried, hasty, quick, lapid; 1,
a, of living beings, Achates, Verg. ; equus, Ov. ;
b, of things, aiunis, Hor. ; torrens, Verg. ; 2,
transf., oratio, Cic.
rapina -ae, f. (rapio). I. Lit,, robbery, plun-
dering, pillage; gen. in plur., Cic. II. Meton.,
booty, plunder, Verg.
rapio -rapui -raptum, 3. (stem RAP, Gk.
APII in apTTa^to), to snatch. I. Gen., A. Lit., a,
to snxdeh to oneself, seize hastily; bipeunem
dextra, Verg. ; b, to drag away liastily ; corpus
consulis, Liv. ; c, to hurry away, lead away with
haste, hurry off ; aliquem hinc, Liv. ; manipulos
aliquot in primam aciem secum rapit, Verg. ;
reflex., seraperehiucocius, to hasten away, Hor. ;•
inde se ad urbeni, id est ad caedem optimi cu-
iusque, Cic. ; d, (a) toconquer hastily, overpower;
castra urbesque primu impetu, Liv. ; (0) to
hasten through; densa ferarum tecta, Verg. B.
Transf., a, to 'snatch, to enjoy or use in haste ;
oc.casionein de die, Hor. ; b, to accomplish in
haste, to hasten; viam, Ov. ; nuptias, Liv. II.
to take or Siudch away by force. A. Lit., a. to
snatch away, carry off ; pilam, Cic. ; b, to drag
away by force, lead away ; in jus ad regem, Liv. ;
e carcere ad palum et ad necem, Cic. ; c, to
carry off as plunder, to seize, rob ; quantum rapere
potuisset, Cic. ; virgincs, Cic. Subst.. (a) rapta
-ae, f. she that is carried off, Ov. ; (j3) raptum
-i, n. that which is carried off, plunder, booty;
rapto gaudere, Liv. ; d, = diripere, to plunder ;
Arnieniam, Tac. ; e, to carry off prematurely, of
death or disease, improvisa leti vis rapuit gentes,
Hor. B. Transf., a, to seize for oneself ; commoda
ad se, Cic. ; b, to carry off, take away; almuni quae
rapit hora diein, Hor. ; c, to carry away, lead
astray ; ipsae res verba rapiunt, Cic. ; rapi in
invidiam, Cic; d, to transport, carry away;
in a bad sense, animus cupidine caecus ad in.
ceptuin scelus rapiebat, Sail.; in a good sense,
ad divinarum rerum cognitionem cura omni
studioque rapi, Cic. (archaic fut. perf., rapsit,
ap. Cic).
raptim, adv. (raptus, from rapio), violently,
hastily, quickly, hurriedly; haec scripsi raptim,
Cic.
raptio -5n:s f. (rapio), a carrying off, ab-
duction, Ter.
rapto, 1. (intens. of rapio). I. to carry away
in haste, hurry away ; hue illuc vexilla, Tac. ;
transf., of things, me Parnasi deserta per ardua
raptat amor, Verg. II. to carry off from, drag
away violently. A. Lit., a, conjugem, Cic. ;
Hec'tora circa muros, Verg. ; nubila caeli, Lucr. J
bj (o ro'o, plunder, Tac B. Fig., a, to drag along ,*
rap
468
rau
quid raptem in crimina divos, accuse, Prop. ; b,
to hurry along with passion, Plaut.
raptor -oris, m. (rapio). A. Lit., a, a robber,
plunderer, Tac. ; attrib., lupi raptores, ravenous,
Verg.; b, an abductor, ravisker, Ov. B. Transf.,
raptures alieni honoris, Ov.
raptus -its, m. (rapio). I. a tearing off,
rending away, Ov. II. 1, a carrying off, ab-
duction, rape, Cic. ; 2, plundering, Tac.
rapulum -i, a. (dim. of rapum), a little
turnip, Hor.
rapum -i, n. (pairw;), a turnip, Liv.
rare, adv. (rarus), rarely, seldom, Plant.
rarefacio -feci -factum ;i. (rarus and facio),
to make thin, rarefy, Lucr.
raresoo, 3. (rains). I. to become thin, to
lose density; humor aquai ab aestu, Lucr.;
ubi angasti rarescunt claustra Pelori, open them-
selves, expand, Verg. II. Transf., to become rarer,
to diminish, to lessee ; paulatim rarescunt mow tea,
'lac.
rarltas -iitis, f. (rarus). I. mint of density,
thinness, looseness of texture, distance, apart, Cic.
II. Transf., fewness, rarity; dictorum, Cic.
raro, adv. (rarus), seldom, rarely; ita raro,
Cic. ; quod si rarius flet, Cic.
rarus -a -urn, loose in texture, loose, vide
apart, thin (opp. tlensus). I. Lit., retia, Verg. ;
cribrum, Ov. II. Transf., A. a, scattered,
scanty, far apart; vides habitari in terra raris
ct angHstisin locis, Cic. ; b, niilit. t. 1. , scattered,
vide ajyirt, dispersed (opp. confertus); ipsi ex
silvis rari propugnabant, Cats. B. 1, gen., a,
feu: in number, rare; raris ac prope nullis port-
ibus, Caes. ; in onini arte optimum qnidquc
rarissimuin, Cic. ; Oceanus raris navibus arlitur,
Tac. ; neut. plur. subst., rara (anteponantuv)
VulgaribUB, Cic. ; b, of a man that does something
rarely, nee Iltacos coetus nisi rarus adibat,
seldom, Ov. ; 2, csp., rate, extraordinary, dis-
tinguished in its kind; rara qtfidem facie sed
rarior arte eanendi, Ov.
rasllis -e (rado), scraped, having a smooth
surface, polished; torno rasile buxum, Verg.
raster -tri, m. and rastrum -i. n. (rado),
plur., gen. rastri -oruni, 111. an instrument for
scraping, a toothed hoe, a rake, a mattock, Verg.
ratio -finis, f. (reor), a. recl:oni)ig, account,
computation, calculation. I. A Lit., (a) sing.,
eius pecuniae, cuius ratio in aede Opis coufecta
est, Cic. ; auri ratio constat, comes right, is cor-
rect, Cic. ; rationem ducere, to compute, calcu-
late, Cic. ; rationem referre, give in an account,
Cic. ; (fi) plur., rationea cum aliquo putare, Cic;
rationes subducere, to chsr, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
a roll, register, a list, catalogue, account; rati-
onem careens, quae diligent issime conflcitnr,
Cic; 2, a sum, number, Plant.; 3, a business
transaction, matter, affair; de tota ilia ratione
atque re Qallicana, Cic. ; haec res non solum ex
doinestica est ratione, attingit etiain bellicam,
Cic. ; fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,
public and legal business, Cic. ; meae (tuae, etc.)
rationes, my (thy, etc.) interest, advantage ;
rationes ineas vestrae saluti anteposuissem,
Cic. II. Fig., A. an account, reckoning, calcu-
lation; rationem habere, to make a calculation,
Cic. ; semper ita vivamus ut rationem red-
dendam nobis arbitremur, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
a,, a relation vnth, reference to; rationem habere,
aliquid rationis nabere cum aliquo, to nave rela-
tions with, Cic ; quae ratio tibl cum eo inter-
cesserat? Cic. ; b, respect, consideration, regard
for anything; vol dignitatis vel comniodi ra-
tionem habere, Cic. ; suam rationem ducere, to
consider his own advantage, Cic ; c, plan, mode
of procedure, method, manner, fashion, nature,
kind, way; ita net ut tua ista ratio existimetur
astuta, Cic ; seribendi consilium ratioque,
Cic. ; ineae vitae rationes ab iueunte aetate sus-
ceptae, Cic; rationes belli gerendi, principles,
Caes. ; 2, es])., the faculty of mind which calcu-
lates and plans, the reason ; homo rationis
particeps, Cic ; mens et ratio et consilium.
Cic ; consilio et ratione, Cic : ratio est, it
seems reasonable, with intin., Cic ; hence, a,
reason, motive, ground; (a) nostra confinnare
argumentis ac rationibus, Cic; eonsilii causa
ratioque, Cic; (£) rhet. t. t., ground or reason
brought forward to support a proposition, Cic ;
b, me ton., reasonableness, propriety, method,
order, rule; modo ct ratione omnia facerc,
moderately and reasonably, Cic ; e, principle,
view, tendency ; florens homo in populari ratione,
the most distinguished representative of the demo-
cratic view, Cic. ; d, theory, doctrine, system,
knowledge; Epicuri ratio, philosophical system,
Cic; de ratione vivendi, the art oj tiring, Cic;
e, lnetoi)., a view, opinion; quuin in earn
rationem quisque loqueretur, Cic. ; f, an adduc-
ing of proof, reasoning; concludatur igitur
ratio, Cic.
ratiocinatio -finis, f. (ratioeinor). I. a
careful and deliberate consideration and conclu-
sion, Cic. II. a reasoning, ratiocination, argu-
ment, syllogism, Cic.
ratiocmativus -a -urn (ratioeinor), argu-
mentative, syllogistic, Cic.
ratiochiator -oris, m. (ratioeinor), a calcu-
lator, accountant, Cic.
ratioeinor, 1. dep. (ratio), 1, to compute,
calculate, Cic; 2, to argue, injer, conclude; inter
se, with ace and inlin., Cic
rationales -e (ratio), reasonable, rational,
Quint.
rationarium -ii, n. (ratio), a statistical
account; imperii, Suet.
ratis -is, f. I. a raft, Cic, Caes. ; ratibus,
quibus junxerat flumen, resolutis, Liv. ; sing.,
collect. = a bridge of boats, Liv. II. Poet.,
transf., a ship, boat, vessel, Verg.
ratiunciila -ae, f. (dim. of ratio). I. a
little reckoning, account, Plaut. II. Transf.,
A. a poor, insufficient reason ; huic incrediblli
sententiae ratiuuculas suggerit, Cic B. a petty
syllogism ; concludunt ratiuuculas Stoici, Cic.
ratus -a -um, p. adj. (from reor). I. reckoned,
calculated ; pro rata parte, or simply pro rata,
according to a fixed proportion, in proportion,
proportionally, Cic. II. Transf., determined,
fixed, settled; a, rati astrorum ordines, Cic- ; b,
valid, fixed, legal; id jussum ratum ac lirmum
futurum, Cic; ratum facere, to ratify, confirm,
male valid, Cic ; ratum habere, ducere, to con-
siih r niiid, Cic ; aliquid lllilli ratum est, /
apjirove, Cic.
raucisonus -a -um (raucus and sonus),
hoarse, hoarstly sounding, Lucr.
raucitas -atis, f. (raucus), hoarseness, Plin.
raucus -a -um (for ravicus, connected with
ravis), hoarse. I. Lit., A. hoarse through ill-
ness; fauces, Lucr. B. a, hoarse through
shouting; nos raucos saepe attentissime audiri
video, Cic. ; of birds, screaming ; cornix, Lucr. ;
palumbes, cooing, Verg.; b, of sound, vox ran-
at um, Ov. H, Poet., transf., hoarse, hollow
sounding, deep or dull-sounding ; cornu, Plaut.;
murmur undae, Verg.
ItaudlUS -a -um, Raudian ; Raudius Campus,
and Raudii Campi, a plain in Upper Italy, where
Marius defeated the Cimbri.
raudus (rodns, ru.dus) -fens, n, a rough
rau
469
rec
mass or lump; esp., re piece of brass use J as a
eo-n, Liv.
raudusculum -i, u. (dim. of raudus), a
small sum of money; transf., de rauduaeulo
Numeriano, the little debt of Numerius, Cic.
Raurici -dram, in. re Celtic people in Gaul,
near modem llasle.
Ravenna -ae, f. re town in Gallia Dispadana,
near the Adriatic, made a naval station by
Augustus, now Ravenna. Hence, Ravennas
-atis, m. belonging to Ravenna.
ravlo, 4. (ravis), to talk oneself hoarse, Plaut.
ravis -is, f. (connected with raucus), hoarse-
ness, Plant.
ravus -a -urn, grey, greyish, Hor.
re- prep, insepar., meaning sometimes back,
as in reenrro; sometimes against, as in reluctor;
sometimes again, as restituo (orig. form red,
which appears before vowels, e.g., redeo, some-
times lengthened, as redi-vivus).
1. rea, v. reus.
2. Rea = Rhea (q.v.).
reapse, adv. (re and eapse, i.e., ea and suff.
-pse), indeed, in truth, really, Cic.
Reate, n. (defect., with same form for
nom., ace, and abl.), an old town in the Sabine
country, now Rieti. ^_Adj., Reatlnus -a -inn,
lieatine ; snbst., Reatmi -orum, in. the people
of Reate.
reatUS -us, m. (reus), the slate or condition
of an accused person, Mart.
rebellatlo, = rebellio (q.v.).
rebellatrix -icis, f. (rebello), renewing war,
rising again ; Germaniu, Ov.
rebellio -onis, f. (rebellis), re renewal of war
by a conquered people ; rebellionem facere, Caes.
Plur., Gartliaginiensium rebelliones, Cic
rebellis -e (re and bellum), renewing a war,
■insurgent; 1, lit,, colonia, Tiic. ; 2, ttg., amor,
Ov.
rebellium = rebellio (q.v.).
rebello, 1. to renew a war ; a, lit., septies
rebellare, Liv. ; b, poet., transf., to renew the
fight, 0_v.
rebito, 3. to go back, return, Plaut.
rfibdo.J. to echo, resound, Verg.
recalcitro, 1. of a horse, to kick backwards ;
fig., to deny access, Hor.
recalcfacio = recalfaeio (q.v.).
recaleo, 2. to be warm again ; recalent
nostro Tiberina fluenta sanguine, Verg.
recalesco -c41ui, 3. (recaleo), to become warm
again; quum motu atque exercitatioue recal-
escunt corpora, Cic. ; fig., mens recalescit, Ov.
recalfaeio (recalcfacio) -feci -factum, 3.
to make v:arm again, Ov.
recandesco -candni, 3. I. to grow white;
recanduit nnda, Ov. II. Transf., to become hot,
to begin to glow. A. Lit., (tellus) recanduit
aestu, Ov. B. Fig., recanduit ira, Ov.
recanto, 1. I. Intromit, to resound, echo,
Mart. II. Transit., A. to recall, recant; re-
cantata opprobria, Hor. B. to charm away;
curas, Ov.
recedo -cessi -cessum, 3. I. to go back,
draw back, recede, retreat, retire. A. 1, lit., of
persons, ex eo loco, Caes. ; non modo e Gallia
lion discessisse, sud ne a Mutina quidem rc-
cessisse, Cic. ; 2, transf., of things, a, ut illae
undae ad alios accedant, ab aliis autem re-
cedant, Cic. ; b, of places, to retire, stand back ;
Anchisae domus recessit, Verg. ; c, to recede
in the distance, d isappear from the view ; proveh-
iniur port u, terraequc urbesque rccedunt, Verg.
B. Fig., 1, of persons, in otia tuta, Hor. ; 2, u'
things, anni recedentes, Hor. II. to go away,
depart, go to a distance. A. 1, lit., of living
beings, nee vero a stabulis recedunt longius
(apes), Verg.; 2, transf., of inanimate things,
a, to separate from ; reccdit caput e cervice.Ov.;
b, fo vanish, disappear; in vciitos vita or auiina
exhalata recessit, Verg., Ov. B. Fig., 1. of
persons, a, to depart from, abandon; ub officio,
Cic; b, to depart from, give up, renounce; ab
arinis, to lay down arms, Cic. ; a vita, Cic. ; 2,
transf., of things, a, to depart from, lose; res ab
usitata consuetudine recessit, Cic; b, to vanish,
disappear, cease; et pariter Fhoebes pariter
maris ira recessit, Ov. ; c, recedere ab aliquo,
to pass away from, be lost; quum res (jrroperty)
ab eo quicum contraxisset, recessisset et ad
heredem pervenisset, Cic.
recello, 3. to spring back, fly back, bend back ;
quum (ferrea) maims gravi libramento reeelleret
ad solum, Liv.
recens -entis, new, fresh, young, recent. I.
Adj., A. Lit., (a) absol., caespes, Caes.; his
recentilms viris, men of modern time?, Cic.
Subst., recentiores, later authors, Cic. ; recenti
re, recenti negotio, while the business is still
fresh, Cic. ; injuriarum memoria, Caes. ; (/3) with
ab and the abl., fresh from, soon after, a little
subsequent to ; Homerus, qui recens ab illomin
aetate fuit, Cic; (y) with ex and the abl., quum
e provincia recens esset, Cic. ; (o) with abl.
alone, praeturii, Tac. ; with abl. of name of
town, Regini qnidain eo venerunt, Roma sane
recentes, direct from Rome, Cic. B. Transf., ol
strength, fresh, rigorous; of soldiers, illtegri et
recentes, Caes.; of horses, Liv.; of things,
animus (consulis), Liv. (abl. sing., gen. recenti,
in poets sometimes recente ; genit. plur., gen.
recentium, in poets sometimes reeentorm). II.
Adv., lately, recently; sole recens Orto. Veiv. ;
recens ad Regillum lacum acccpta clades, Liv.
recensco -censiii -censitum and -censuin, 2.
to review, muster, examine. I, Lit., milit. t. t.,
exercitum, legiones, Liv. ; polit. t. t., of the
censor, equites, Liv. II. Transf., A. to go
through, pass through; signa (of the sun), Ov.
B. Esp.,1, to go over in thouglit, review; fataque
fortunasque vinim, Ov. ; 2, to go over in words,
recount; fortia facta, Ov.
rocensio -finis, f. (recenseo), a reviewing,
mustering, enumeration by the censor, Cic.
recensus -us, m. (recenseo) = recensio, re
reviewing, mustering ; equitum recensum habere,
of the censor, Liv.
receptaculum -i, n. (recepto). I. a ma-
gazine, reservoir, receptacle; cibi et potionis (of
the stomach), Cic; cloaca maxima receptaculum
omnium purgamentorum urbis, Liv. IL Esp.,
a place of refuge, shelter, retreat ; militum Catil-
inae, Cic. ; receptaculum esse classibus nostris,
Cic. ; fugientibus, Liv.
receptio -onis, f. (recipio), a receiving, re-
ception, Plant.
recepto, 1. (intens. of recinio). L A. to
draw back; 1, transit., hastam, \erg.; 2, reflex.,
se receptare, to retire ; Saturni sese quo stella
receptet, Verg. B. to receive back, Lucr. II,
to receive frequently ; mercatores, Liv.
receptor -oris, m. (recipio), one who receives
or harbours, a luirbourer ; praedaruui, Tac;
transf., inse ille latronum occultator et receptor
locus, Cic.
receptrix -tricis, f. (receptor), a receiver
(of stolen goods) ; furtorum, Cic.
receptus -us, m. (recipio). I. a drawing
back. A. Lit., spiritus, Quint. B. Fig., re-
rec
470
rec
tractaticn, recantation; minis pertinacis senten-
tiae, Liv. II. A. a, a retreat ; non tutissinms
a malis consiliis receptus, Liv. ; b, esp., re-
course to; receptus ail Caesaris gratiam atqne
amicitiam, Caes. B. Jlilit. t. t., a retreat,
falling back; ut expeditum ad sues receptuin
liabeant, Caes. ; Caesar receptui cani jussit,
ordered the signal of retreat, Cues. ; fig., cancro
receptui a miseriis, Cic.
recessim, adv. (recedo), backwards, Plaut.
recessus -us, m. (recedo). I. a going back,
receding, retreating; 1, lit., lunae ac'cessus et
recessus, Cic. ; (aestumn maritiinonim) aecessus
et' recessus, ebb and flow, Cic; recessum piimis
ultimi non dabaut, chance of retreating, Caes.;
2, fig., accessmn ad res salutares, a pestifens
recessum, disinclination for, Cic; ut metus re-
cessum quendain aniini et fugam efflciat, Cic.
II. Meton., 1, lit., a, a hollow, recess, Verg.;
b, a place of retreat, quiet, retired place; mihi
solitiulo et recessus provinciae est, Cic. ; 2,
fig., in animis hominum tanti sunt recessus,
corners, intricacies, Cic
recidivus -a -um (recido), returning, re-
peated; poet., Pergama, rebuilt, Verg.
1. recido -cldi -casfirus, 3. (re and cado). I.
to fall back. A. Lit., recidunt omr.ia in terras,
Cic. B. Trans*'., 1, a, to relapse, sink; ingravi-
orem morbum, to relapse, Liv. ; in eandem for-
tunain, Cic. ; b, to fall to; cum ad eum potent-
atus omnis recidisset, Cic. ; c, to fall upon,
reach; hunc casum ad ipsos recidere posse, Cic;
esp., to fall on tlie head of; ut amentiae poena in
ipsum eiusquc familtam recidat, Cic ; 2, to
come to, fall to, sink to, Cic ; 3, to full, happen,
ex'cur, light kjwu ; ilia omnia ex laetitia ad Ute-
rinum reciderunt, Cic ; ad nihilum, to come to
naught, Cic II. 1, to fall into, to become; quor-
sum recidat r.sponsum tuum non magno opere
laboro, Cic. ; 2, to fall within a certain time; in
nostrum annum, Cic
2. recido -cldi -claum, 3. (re and caedo). I.
to cut off, cut away; 1, caput, Ov.; ceras inanes,
Verg.; 2, transf., to extirpate; naiiones, Cic.
II. to cut away; 1, lit., barbam falce, Ov. ;
2, transf., to cad away, lop off, abbreviate, re-
trench; ambitiosa ornamenta, Hor.
reoingo -cinxi -cinctuin, 3. to ungird;
tunicas, Ov. ; pass, as middle, recingor, / un-
gird myself, Ov.
recino, 3. (re and cano), to resound, echo. I.
Intransit, in vocibus nostiorum oratorum recinit
quiddametrcsonaturbanius,Cic.;parrarcciiieiis,
shrieking, Hnr. II. Transit., to cause to resound;
a, of echo, cuius recinet jocosa nomen imago,
reecho, Hor.; b, of? poet, to praise loudly on the
lyre ; curva lyra Latonani, Hoi-.
recipio -eepi -ceptum, 3. (re and capio). I.
to take back. A. to draw l>ack, fetch back; 1,
lit., a, of tilings, ensein, to drawback, draw out,
Verg.; b, of pers., aliquem medio exhoste, Verg.;
esp. as milit. t. t., to draw back, cause to retreat ;
milites defessos, Caes. ; reflex., se recipere, to
withdraw, retire, retreat, betake oneself to any
place; ee ex hisce locis, Cic; se ad nos, Cic;
esp. as milit. t. t., se Line, se hide, se ex aliquo
loco, se ad or in aliquem locum, se aliquo ad
aliquem, Caes. ; 2, transf., a, vocem ab acutis-
simo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum, Cic. ;
reflex., se recipere, to turn to, to have recourse to ;
se ad bonam fmgem, Cic. ; se ad reliquam cogi-
tationem belli, Caes. ; b, business t. t., to keep
back, retain, rcsci-ve a portion ; rata caesa, Cic ;
sibi aliquid, Cic ; c, to sei:e out of the hands of
the enemy; aliquem ex hostibus, Liv. B. to
take back, receive again, receive ; 1, lit., merita,
Cic; arnia, Liv. ; obsides, Caes. ; so to reduce
again by conquest, to recover; Tarontuni, Cic, •
suas res amissas, Liv.; 2, transf., to recover ; an-
tiquani frequentiam, Liv.; vitam berbis fortibus,
Ov. ; onimos ex pavore, to regain courage, Liv.
II. to receive, accept, take to oneself; 1, lit., a,
to take in to oneself; ferrum, gladium, to receive
the death-wound, Cic. ; necesse erat ab latere
aperto tela recipi, Caes. ; of animals, frenum,
Hor. ; of rivers, Mosa, parte quadam ex Rheno
accepta quae, etc, Caes.; b, to receive into a
place; (a) with ace. alor.e, of persons, Xerxen,
Cic; aliquem libentissimo auimo, Caes.; of
places, hos tutissimus portus recipiebar, Caes. ;
(/3) with ad 'and the ace, aliquem ad epulas,
Cic ; (y) with in and the ace, Tarquinium in
civitatem, Cic. ; (6) with abl. alone, exercitum
tectis ac sedibus suis, Cic. ; (c) with ace. of
place, aliquem (Ionium suam, Cic ; (£) with
supine, senem sessum, Cic; (tj) absol., qui re-
ceperant, Caes. ; c, to take possession, of, conquer;
oppiduin, civitatem, Caes.; d, to receive money ;
pecuniam exnovis veetigalibus, Cic; 2, transf.,
a, to receive into a certain rank or position;
aliquem in ordinem senatorium, Cic. ; aliquem
in fidem, Cic.;b, to receive, accept, admit, allow;
fabulas, to believe, Cic. ; nee inconstantiam vir-
tus recipit, admits, allows of, Cic. ; c, to accept a
task, undertake, take upon oneself; causam Sicu-
lorum, Cic. ; officium, Cic. ; d, hence, to accept
an obligation, guarantee, promise, be responsible
for; pro Cassio et te, si quid me velitis recipere,
rocipiam, Cic. ; ea quae tibi proniitto ac rccipio,
Cic. ; panic, subst., receptum -i, n. an
engagement, guarantee; e, legal t. t., of the
praetor, recipere nomen, to entertain, receive an
accusation against any one, Cic.
reciprocatlo -onis, f. (reciproco), a return-
ing by the same path, Plin.
reciproco, 1. (rcciprocus). I. Transit., to
more backivards, to move backwards and forwards;
aniniam, to draw in and breathe out the air, ,'->
breathe, Liv.; quinqueremem in adversum aestuni
reciprocari non posse, turned round ami moved
back, Liv.; esp. of the ebbtide, in motu reciproe-
ando, on the ebb, Cic. ; fig., si quideni ista
reciprocantur, if the proposition is converted or
reversed, Cic II. In transit., to move backwards
and forwards; fretum Euripi non septies die
temporibus statis reciprocal, ebbs and flow.--, Liv.
rcciprocus -a -um, returning, going back in
the same path. I. Lit., mare, ebbing, Tac. ; vox,
echoing, Plin. II. Fig., ars, alternating, Plin.
rccisamentum -i, n. (recido), a chip,
sharing, Plin.
recisio -onis, f. (recido), « cutting off, Plin.
re'eisus -a -um, partic. of recido.
recltatio -onis, f. (recito), a reading aloud ;
a, of documents in legal proceedings, Cic. ; b,
of literary works, Plin.
recltator -oris, m. (recito), a reader aloud ;
a, of documents in legal proceedings Cic. ; b,
of literary works, a reciter, Hor.
recito, 1. to rend, read aloud, read puWicly ;
a, legal 1. 1., (a) to read a document; litteras in
senatu, in continue, Cic. ; aliquid ex codiee,
Cic. ; (J3) to read out the name of a person ; testa>
mento heredem aliquem, Cic; aliquem praeterire
in recitando senatu, in reading the list of senators,
Cic. ; (y) to read the words of an oath, to dictate,
Tac ; b, to read or recite one's literary works be-
fore friends, Hor.
reclamatio -onis, f. (reclamo), a crying out
against, loud disapprobation, Cic.
rcclamito, 1. (intens. of reclamo), to cry
out against loudly, violently contradict, Cic
reclamo, 1. to cry out against, sImI in dis-
approbation, contradict hvdly. I. A. Lit., (a)
ree
471
ree
absol., Cic. ; (/3) with dut. of pers., alicui, Cic. ;
of things, orationi, Cic. ; alicuius promissis,
Cic. ; (y) with ne and the subj., una voce omnes
judices, ne is juraret, reclamasse, Cic. B. Fig.,
quoniam ratio reclamat vera, Lucr. II. Poet.,
transf., to reverberate, re-echo, resound; with dat.,
scopulis reclamant aequora, Yerg.
reclinis -e (reclino), leaning backwards,
bent backwards, reclining, Ov.
reclino, 1. (re and * clino), to bend back,
cause to lean back. I. Lit., se, Caes. ; scuta,
Yerg. ; reclinatus -a -uui, bent back, reclined,
Caes. II. Transf., nullum ab labore me reclinat
otium, releases me from labour, Hor.
rccludo -clusi -clusuni, 3. (re and claudo),
to unclose, to open. I. A. Lit., portas liosti,
Ov. B. Transf., 1, to bring to light, to disclose,
reveal; viam, Ov. ; tellurem unco dente, to
turn over, cultivate, Yerg. ; ensem, to draw from
the scabbard, Yerg. ; 2, to open with a weapon
= to pierce; pectus mucrone, Yerg. II. Fig.,
ebrietas operta recludit, reveals, Hor. ; fata, to
relax, Hor.
recogito, 1. to think over again, consider,
deliberate upon; de re, Cic.
recognitio -onis, f. (recognosco). I. re-
collection; scelerum suorum, Cic. II. investi-
gation, inspection, examining ; agri Cainpani, Liv.
recognosco -novi -nitum, 3. I. A. to re-
cognise, to know again; res, as one's property,
Liv.; ilia reminiscendo, Cic. B. to recall, to go
over again; recognosce niecum nocteiu illam,
Cic. II. a, to inspect, examine, investigate;
agros, Liv.; b, to examine critically, to revise,
authenticate, certify; decretum populi, Cic;
codieem, Cic.
reooliigo -legi -lectam, 3. to collect again,
gather together again ; fig., se, to regain courage,
Ov. ; primes annos, to become young again, Ov. ;
aniiuum alicuius, to reconcile, Cic.
recolo -coliii -oultuin, 3. to cultivate again.
I. Lit, desertam terrain, Liv. II. Fig., A.
Gen., 1, to practise again, resume; artes, Cic;
stadia, Cic; 2, to set up again, renew, repair;
imagines subversas, Tac ; dignitatem, Cic. ; 3,
to honour again ; aliquein sacerdotiis, Tac B.
Esp., 1, to reflect upon again; inclusas animas
lustrabat studio recolens, Verg. ; 2, to recollect,
think over again; quae si tecum ipse recolis,
Cic. ; 3, to call to mind, remember again, Ov.
recomminiscor, 3. dep. to recollect, Plant.
recompono (-pflsui) -p5sltum, 3. to re-
adjust, re-arrange ; comas, Ov.
reconciliatio -onis, f. (reconcilio). I. a
restoration, re-cslablishmeut ; concordiae, Cic
II. reconciliation; irridebatur haec illius recon-
ciliatio, Cic.
re con cilia tor -oris, m. (reconcilio), a re-
storer, re-establisher ; pacis, Liv.
reconcilio, 1. I. A. to make good again,
restore, repair ; diuturni laboris dctrinientum
sollertia et virtute militum brevi reconciliatur,
Caes. B. to re-unite, bring together again; a,
inimicos in gratiam, Cic; b, to appease, to recon-
cile ; aliquein alicui, Cic II. to restore, re-
establish ; existimationem judiciorum, Cic.
reconcinno, 1. to restore, renovate, repair;
tribus locis aedilico, reliqua reconcinno, Cic.
rcconditus -a -urn, p. adj. (from rceondo),
far removed, secret, concealed. I, Lit., locus,
Cic; nent. plur., occulta et recondite templi,
secret recesses, Caes. II. Fig., a, abstruse, pro-
found; reconditae abstrusaeque res, Cic. ; b, of
character, reserved, mysterious; natura tristi ac
recondita fttit, Cic.
recondo -dldi -ditum, 3. I. to lay back, put
back; gladium in vaginam, Cic; poet., oculos,
to close again, Ov. II. to lay aside. A. Gen.,
1, lit., a, tamquam in vagina reconditum, Cic. ;
b, of provisions, treasure, etc., to lay up in
store, keep; prome reconditum Caecubum, Hor.;
recondita alia (medicamenta), Liv.; 2, fig.,
mens alia recondit e quibus memoria oritur, lays
up in store, Cic B. to conceal, hide ; 1, lit., a,
quod celari opus erat habebaut sepositum ac
reconditum, Cic ; Ascanium curvft valle, Verg. ;
b, to thrust, etc. ; ensem in pulmone, Verg.; c,
to devour; volucres avida alvo, Yerg.; 2, fig-,
to conceal ; voluptates, Tac.
rcconduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to bargain,
contract for again, Plin.
rcconfio, 1. to rekindle, Lucr.
recoquo -coxi -coctum, 3. I. to boil again ;
Peliam (in order to make young again), Cic. II.
to melt, smelt, forge again. A. Lit., enses, Yerg.
B. Fig., recoctns scriba ex quinqueviro, new-
moulded, Hor.
recordatio -onis, f. (recordor), a recollection,
remembrance; ultimi teuiporis recordatio, Cic. ;
plur., recordatloncs fugio, Cic.
recordor, 1. dep. (re and cor). I. to re-
member, recollect ; (a) with genit., flagitiorum
suorum, Cic. ;(/3) with ace, majorumdiligentiain,
Cic ; (v) with ace and infln., hoc genus poenae
saepe in improbos cives esse usurpatum, Cic;
(6) with rel. sent., non recordor, unde cecid-
erim, Cic ; (e) with de and the abl., de ceteris,
Cic. ; (Q absol., si recordari volumus, Cic. II.
to think of something in the future, to ponder over ;
quae sum passura recordor, Ov.
recrastino, 1. (re and erastinua), to put off
from day to day, Plin.
recrcatio -onis, f. (recreo), a restoration, a
recovery, Plin.
recrementum -i, n. (cerno), dross, slag,
refuse, Plin.
recreo, 1. I. to crcaJe again, Lucr. II. to
restore to a. sound condition, to refresh, invigorate,
revive; reflex., se recreare and middle, recrcari,
to revive, to recover, to be refreslied ; a, physically,
voculae recreandae causa, Cic. ; recreari ex
vulnere, Cic; exvulneribus, Liv.; b, politically,
provinciam aflllctam et perditam erigere atque
recreare, Cic ; middle, civitns recreatur, Cic. ;
C, mentally, atfiictos animos, Cic; recreare se ex
magno timore, to recover from, Cic.
recrcpo, 1. to echo, resound, Cat.
recresco -crevi -crStum, 3. to grow- again,
Liv.
£ _
recrudesco -crudiii, 3. to become raw again-
I. Of wounds, to ojien. afresh ; quae consanuisse
videbantur, recrudescunt, Cic. II. Fig., to
break out again; recrudescente Manliana sedi-
tione, Liv.
recta, adv. (se via), straightway, straight-
forward, right on, directly, Cic.
recte, adv. (rectus). I. in a straight line,
in a straight (horizontal) direction ; recte ferri,
Cic. II. Fig., rightly, properly, well, duly, suit-
ably. A. a, of conduct, behaviour, recte atque
online facere, judicare, Cic. ; recte et vere re-
spondere, Cic; b, of condition, well; apud
matrem recte est, it is all right with, Cic; c, of
consequence, well, favourably, safely; se alicui
recte committere, Caes. ; quicuin quidvis rect-
issime facere posset, Cic; recte vendere, at a
h igh price, Cic. B. Of degree, recte ambulare,
Cic.
rectlo -onis, f. (rego), a ruling, governing;
return publicarum, Cic
reo
472
:ed
rector -6ris, in. (rego), a ruler, governor,
director, guide, leader. I. Lit., navis, steersman,
Cic. II. Fig., rector et gubernator civitatis,
Cic. ; of deities, ruler; Olympi, or superum, or
deftm, Jupiter, Ov. ; maris, Neptune, Ov.
reotrix -Icis, f. (rector), she that leads or
guides, PI in.
rectus -a -urn, p. adj. (from rego), straight
(whether horizontally or vertically), upright. I.
1, lit., a, in a horizontal direction, straight;
recto Itinere ad Iberum contendere, Caes.; rectus
cursns hine ad Africain, Liv. ; recti oculi,
straight, steadj'a<t look, Cic. ; b, of vertical direc-
tion, "upright ; ita jace're tnlum, ut rectus assistat,
Cic; 2, transf., grammat. t. t , casus rectus,
the nom. (npp. casus obliqnus), Quint. II. Fig.,
right, correct, proper, suitable, aw ; a, physically
and intellectually, (a) rectum etjustum proelium,
Liv. ; (J3) simple, natural, plain, straightforward ;
comtnr-ntarii Caesaris, Cic. ; (y) right, free from
mistakes; quae sint in artibus ac rationibus
recta ac prava, Cic. ; neut. subst., rectum pra-
vumque, Cic; b, morally, (a) straightforward,
honest, upright; consilia recta, Liv. ; con-
scientia recto, Cic; praetor populi Romani
rectissimus, Cic. ; (j8) right, virtuous, dutiful ;
in neut. subst., right, virtue, good; neque quid-
quam nisi hones turn et rectum alter ab altero
postulabit, Cic; rectum est, it is right, with
ace. and infln., Cic.
r&ciibitus -us, m. (recumbo), a falling
down, Plin.
reciibo, 1. to lie, back, to lie on the back, re-
cline ; in hortulis snis, Cic
recumbo -cuhfii, 3. to lie backwards, recline.
I. Of persons. A. Gen., in eubiculo, Cic. ; in
herba, Cic B. Ksp., to recline, at table; in
triclinio, Cic II. Transf., of inanimate things,
to sink down. Jull down; cervix in humeros,
Verg. ^
reciiperatio -5uis, f. (recupero), a recovery;
libertatis, Cic
recuperator -oris, in. (recupero). I. a
recoverer ; urbis, Tnc. II. Ksp., recuperatores,
a college of three or five magistrates appointed by
the praetor to decide causes which required speedy
settlement, Cic
reoupSratorius -a -um (recuperator), o/or
relating to the. recuperatores ; .judicium, Cic.
recupero, 1. (recipio), to get, again, regain,
recover. I. Lit., a, of things, villain suam ab
aliquo, Cic; url)cm, Liv. ; amissa, Caes. ; rem-
pnblicam, supremacy in the stair, Cic ; b, of
persons, obsidea, Caes., Cic ; si vos et me
rpsuin reeuperaro, Cic. II. Transf., to win
again, recover again (a person's favmir) ; volun-
tatcm alicuins, Cic.
recuro, 1. to restore, refresh, Cat.
r2ourro -currl -cursnm, 3. to run hack,
hasten back. I. a, lit., of persons, ad aliquem,
Cic. ; ad redatn, Cic. ; in Tusculanum, Cic. ;
rure, Hor. ; b, transf., of things, I una turn
crescendo, turn defectionibus in Initia recur-
rendo, Cic. ; bruina rccurrit Iners, Hor. ; csp., of
the course of the sun and the year, to roll
rovnd ; sol recurrens, Verg. II. Fig., A. Con.,
naiiirani expellas furca, tanien usque reenrret,
Hor. B. tu < ame bade to, return, to; ad easdeni
deditionis conditiones, Caes.
recurso, l. (intens. of recurro), to rnn back,
hasten back, return. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Fig.,
cura recursiit, Verg.
rccursus -08, m. (recurro), a return, coming
back, retreat; a, of persons, Liv. ; b, of water,
etc., Ov.
reourvo, 1. (recivrvus) to bend or curve back-
wards ; colla equi, Ov. ; aquas in caput, make
to flaw bad;, Ov. ; undae lecurvatar, winding,
Ov.
recurvus -a -um, bent or curved backwards ;
cornu, Verg. ; tectum, labyrinth, Ov. ; aera,
hooks, Ov. ; nexus hederae, winding, Ov.
recusatio -dnis, f. (recuso). I. a refusal,
Cic; adimere alicui omneni recusationem, pos-
sibility of refusing, Cic. II. Legal t. t., n
protest, Cic.
recuso, 1. (re and causa), to refuse, decline,
reject, be unwilling to do. I. Gen., (a.) with
ace ; laborem, Caes. ; molestias non recusare,
Cic. ; with double ace, populuin Romanum dis-
ccptatorem.Cic; transf., of things, genua cnrsiuu
recusant, Verg. ; (/3) with infin., gen. with pre-
ceding negative, non recusare inori, Caes. ; (y)
with ne and the subj., sentential!) ne diceret
recusavit, Cic ; (6) when a negative precedes,
with quin or quoininus and the subj,, non pos-
sunius quin alii a nobis dissentiant recusare,
Cic. ; non recusabo quoininus omnes inea legant,
Cic ; (e) with de and the abl., de judiciis trans-
ferendis, Cic ; (f)absol., non recuso, non abnuo,
Cic. II. Ksp., legal 1. 1., to object, take, exception,
plead in defence; quoniam satis recusavi, (ic.
recussus -n, m. (recutio), a striking back, re-
bound, recoil, Plin.
recutio -cussi -cussum, 3. (re and quatio),
to strike back, cause to rebound, Verg.
reciitltus -a -um (re and cutis). I. circum-
cised ; Judaei, Mart. II. smooth-shorn, Mart.
reda (rheda) and raeda -ae, f. (a Gallic
word), a travelling carriage with four wheels ; vein
in reda, Cic.
redambulo, l. /') w<dk back, Plant.
redanio, 1. to lore, again, return lore for love,
Cic^
redardesco, 3. tu break out again (into
flames), Ov.
redargiio -gfti -gfitum, 3. /<> confute, refute,
disprove, contradict. ; a, of persons, redargue me,
si nientior, Cic; b, of things as objects, refeire
et redarguere mendacium alicuins, Cic; with
things as subjects, improborum prosperitates
redarguunt vires deoiuin, Cic.
redarius -Ii, m. (reda), the driver of a reda,
coachman, Cic
redauspiCO, 1. to take fresh auspices ; jest-
ingly = to return, Plant.
redditio -Onis, f. (reddo), the consequent
clause of a sentence, apodosis, Quint.
reddo -dldi -ditum, .'i. I. to give hurl;,
restore; 1, to restore (the same object); (..; oi
coner. obj., obsides, captives, Caes. ; equos, Cic;
alicui pecuniam, Cic. ; reflex., se reddere con-
vivio, t» return to, Liv.; se. terris, Verg.; so pass.,
reddi, as middle, reddar tenebris, / shall return
tu, Verg. ; ()3) of abstr. obj., alicui patiiam, Liv.;
2, to give back something as an equivalent, to give
liack, requite, repay ; a, gen., (a) of coner. obj.,
oscula, Ov. ; (fi) of abstr. obj., beiieficimn, Cic ;
pro vita liominis hominis vitam, Caes. ; b, esp.,
(a)to give, back in, another language— totranslate,
render, interpret ; qnum ea quae legeiam Graece,
Latine redderem, Cic.; (ft) to give back in utter-
ances, to imitate; verba bene (of a parrot), Ov. ;
toansiver, veras and ire et. reddere voces, \'erg. ;
3. to represent, imitate., reflect, resemble; qui te
nomine reddet Sylvius Aeneas, Verg.; 4, to
make, render, cause to be, with double, ace
aliquid or aliquem, foil, by an adj., aliquem
iratuni, Cic; itinera infesta, Caes.; with a
subst., aliquem avem, Ov. II. to give forth
from oneself, to gire. out ; 1, to give what is due or
asked for or settled; a, sujim cuique, Cic;
red
473
red
honorem, Cic. ; caute vota, to fulfil, Cic ; rati-
onem alicui, to render an account, Cic; so also (a)
of the dying, eum spiritual, quem naturae debeo,
patriae reddere, Cic. ; vitam naturae, Cic. ; (/3)
of persons sacrificing, to offer ; liba deae, Ov. ;
(y) of persons writing or speaking, to com-
municate; sed perge, Pomponi, de Caeaaro et
redde quae restaut, Cic. ; b, (a) to give, bestow,
grant; responsa, Verg. ; peceatis veniaui, llor. ;
legal t. t., reddere .judicium, to grant or appoint
a judicial inquiry ; in aliqueni, Caes. ; reddere
jus, to administer justice, pronounce sentence;
alicui petenti, Caes.; (0) to grant, allow, leave;
Tlierniitanis urbeui, agros legesque suas, Cic. ;
2, to give forth from the body ; a, to give out, give
forth (animam) a pulmonibus, Cic. ; sonuin, to
sing or play, Hor. ; b, to repeat, recite, narrate;
ea sine scripto verbis iisdeni, Cic; carmina, Hor.
redemptio -onis, f. (redimo). I. a buying
up; a, bribing; judicii, a corrupting by bribery,
Cic. ; b, a farming of taxes, Cic. II. ransom-
ing, redemption ; captivoruni, Liv.
redempto, 1. (freq. of rediino), to ransom,
redeem ; captivos, Tuc
redemptor -oris, in. (rediino), a buyer, con-
tractor, Jar mer (of taxes), Cic. ; frumenti, Liv.
redemptura -ae, f. (redimo), a contracting,
farming (of taxes, etc.); redempturis auxisse
patrimonia, Liv.
redeo -li (-ivi) -Ituui, 4. to go back, come back,
return. I. A. Lit., a, of persons, e provincia,
Cic. ; a Caesare, Cic. ; Koiuaiu, Cic. ; domum,
Caes. ; in proclaim, Liv. ; ad suos, Caes. ; with
predic noni., victor ex liac pugna redit, Liv. ;
with 1. sup., spoctatum e senatu, Cic; b, of
things as subjects, redeunt Immerique maiuis-
qne, Ov. ; of water, flunien in eandem partem,
ex qua venerat, redit, Caes. ; of the stars, day
and night, etc., qumn ad idem, unde profecta
sunt, astra redierint, Cic ; of places, collis
paulatim ad planitiem redibat, slojvd down to,
Caes. ; poet., of plants, redeunt jam gramina
campis, Hor. ; of physical qualities, forma prior
rediit, Ov. B. Transf., 1, gen., a, of persons,
in pristinuin statum, Caes. ; cum aliquo in grat-
iani, to be reconciled with, Cic. ; redire ad se, to
return to one's senses, physically, Liv., and men-
tally, Cic. ; redire ad se atque ad mores suos,
Cic; ad sanitateni, Cic; Caesar ad duas legiones
redierat, was reduced to, Caes. ; b, of things, res
redit, the matter comes up again, Cic. ; 2, esp.,
of discourse, to return to the previous subject ;
sed de hoc alias, nunc redeo ad augurem, Cic.
II. A. Of revenue, income, to come in; pecunia
publica, quae ex metallis redibat, Nep. B. to
come to, be brought to, full to ; a, pilis oniissis,
ad gladios redieruut, they betook tlicmselves to
their swords, Caes.; b, of things, bona in talmlas
publieas redieruut, have been registered in, Cic;
suinma imperii, sumnia rerum redit ad aliqueni,
Caes. ; mortuo Tullo res (government of the state)
ad patres redierat, Liv.
redhalo, 1. to breathe out again, Lucr.
rcdhibeo -ui -Itum, 2. (re and liabeo). I. to
give back, return. Plant. II. In business, to give
back, return a damaged article ; mancipium, Cic.
redigo -egi -actum, 3. (re and ago). I. to drive
back, bring back, lead back. A. Lit., hostiuin
equitatum in castra. B. Fig., rem in pristinam
belli rationem, Caes. ; in memoriain alicuius, to
a person's recollection (foil, by ace. and infin.),
Cic. II. to bring or carry to. A. Lit., to draw
in, call in, collect ; quantam (pecuniam) ex bonis
patriis redegisset, Cic; omnem pecuniam Idibus,
Hor. ; inagnain pecuniam in aerarium, Liv. ;
esp., aliquid in publicum redigere, to deliver into
the public trcisury, to confiscate, Liv., or simply
redtgere ; Heraclji bona verbo rediitere, re dis-
sipare, Cic B. Fig., a, to bring or reduce to a
state or condition ; to make, render such ; Aeduos
in servitutem, Caes. ; civitateni in ditioneui
potestateinque populi Roinani, Cic. ; ad certum,
to make certain, Liv. ; victoria m ad vanuin et
irrituin, make fruitless, Liv. ; aliqueni or aliquid
eo lit, etc., to bring to such a point that, etc,
Liv.; with double ace., quae facilia ex dillicil-
limis auiriii maguitudo redegernt, had made diffi-
culties easy, Caes. ; in ordinem redigere, reduce
to order, Liv.; b, to reduce in comjxtss, number,
value, etc. ; to lessen, bring down ; ex hominuru
miUibus LX. vix ad D., Caes. ; nobilissima
familia jam ad paucos redncta, Cic. ; vilem ad
assem redigi, Cic.
rediraiculum -i, n. (redimio), a lappet or
fillet, frontlet, necklace, Cic.
redimio -li -Itum, 4. to bind round, tleround,
wreathe run nd, cro ion ; scrtis rediiniri et rosa, Cic. ;
tempo ra vitta, Ve.'-g. ; partic. perf., redimltus
-a -uni, silvis rcdimita 'oca, Cat. (syneop. im-
perf., redimibat, Verg.).
redimo -emi -eniptum (-eintum), 3. (re and
emo). I. to buy back; donmni, Cic; f nudum,
Cic II. to buy; A. Gen., 1. lit., necessaria
ad cultum, Liv. ; vitam alicuius pretio, Cic ;
2, transf., to buy, i.e., to procure, obtain for a
price; pacem parte fructuum, Cic; pacem ob-
sidibus, Caes. B. Esp., polit. and legal t. t.,
1, to farm, hire; vectigalia, Caes.; piearias,
Cic; 2, to contract for; opus, Cic. III. to
ransom. A. to set free by payment of money ; 1,
lit., captivos e servitute, Cic. ; 2, transf., to set
free, deliver; se pecunia a judicious, Cic. ; sea
Gallis auro, -Liv. B. to buy off, avert, remove;
aeerbitateni a republica, Cic. ; litem, to com-
promise, Cic.
rcdintcgro, 1. to restore, renew, repair ; a,
of persons, deminutas copias, Caes. ; proelrmn,
Caes. ; memoi iani auditoiis, Cic ; spem, Caes. ;
pacem, Liv.; b, of things as subjects, redinte-
gravit luctuin in castris consulum adventus,
Liv.
redipiscor, 3. dep. (re and apiscor), to get,
obtain again, Plant.
redltio -onis, f. (redeo), a going back, coming
back, returning, return ; celeritas reditionis, Cic.
reditus -us, m. (redeo). I. a coming back,
going back, return. A. Lit., a, of persons,
domain, Cic. ; in urbem, Cic. ; ad aliqueni, Cic;
est hominibus reditus in curiam, may return to,
Cic; intercludere alicuius reditum, Cic; plur.,
sanguine quaerendi reditus, Verg. ; b, transf.,
of the stars, Cic. B. Fig., ad rem. ad proposi-
tuin, Cic. ; reditus in gratiam, reconciliation,
Cic. II. returns, income, revenue; sing., Nep. ;
plur., reditus lnetalloruin, Liv.
rcdivia = reduvia (q.v.).'
rediviVUS -a -urn (redi — re and vivus), re-
newed, renovated; applied to old building ma-
terials used a second time; lapis, Cic. ; subst.,
rSdlvivum -i, n. and redivrva -Orum, u.
old building materials used again, Cic.
redoleo -fli, 2. to emit an odour, diffuse on
odour. I. Lit., redolent murrac, Ov. ; with abl.,
redolere thynio, smell o/rty?ae,Verg. ; with ace,
vinum, to smell of wine, Cic. II. Fig., ita domus
ipsa fumabat, ut multa cius sermonis indicia
redolerent, Cic. ; milii quidem ex illius oration-
ibus redolere ipsae Athenae videntur, Cic; with
ace, doctrinam, Cic. ; antiquitatem, Cic.
redomitus -a -um, tamed again, subdued
again, Cic.
redono, 1. I. to give back, Hor. II. ta
pardon; graves iras et inyisum nepotem Martj
re4onabo, Hor,
red
47i
ref
redordlor, 4. dep. to unravel, unweave,
Plin.
redormlo, 4. to sleep again, Pliti.
redormitio -onis, f. (redormio), a going to
sleep again, Plin.
reduco -duxi -ductum, 3. I. to bring back,
lead back. A. to draw back, to draw backwards,
draw toivanls oneself; 1, lit., a, gen., falces tor-
meutis internis, Caes. ; remos ad pectora, Ov. ;
b, esp., (a) to draw in ; auras naribus, Lucr. ;
((3) to extend a fortification; reliquas onmes
munitiunes ab ea fossa pedes CCC. reduxit, Caes.;
2, fig., a, to rescue; socios a morte reduxi,
' Verg. ; b, to keep back from ; meque ipse reduco
a contemplatu dimoveoquo mali, Ov. B. to
lead back, often with rursus or rursuru ; 1, lit.,
a ? gen., (a) of persons as obj., aliqueni domum,
Cic; (fi) of things, diem or lucem, Verg.; b,
esp., (a) to accompany, to escort, as a mark or
respect ; aliquem domum, Cic. ; (jS) to restore an
exile; aliquem de exsilio, Cic; regem, Cic. ; (y)
milit. t. t., to draw back forces, withdraw, cause
to retire, take back; legiones ex Britannia, Caes.;
copias a munitionibus, Caes. ; victoretn exercitum
Romain, Liv. ; 2, fig., a, aliqueni in gratiam
cum aliquo, Cic. ; aliquem ad olticium sanita-
tenique, Cic. ; in memoriam, to recall to recollec-
tion, Cic. ; b, to re-introduce ; legem majestatis,
Tac. II. to bring or reduce to a certain state or
condition; (carnem) lambendo mater in artus
fingit et iu formam redueit (of the she-bear),
Ov.
reductio -C'tiis, f. (reduco), a bringing back;
regis Alexandrini, restoration, Cic.
rSdUCtor -oris (reduco), one who brings
back ; plebis Romanae in urbem, Liv.
reductus -a -urn, p. adj. (from reduco),
withdrawn, retired. I. Lit., of places, retired,
sequestered; vallis, Verg. II. Fig., virtus est
medium vitiorum et utrinque rednctum, distant
from both extremes, Hor. ; applied to a painting,
reductiora, the background, Quint.; subst., re-
ducta -Oruin, n. (translation of anoirporiyni ra),
in the language of the Stoics, things which
though not evils were to be regarded as inferior
(opp. producta), Cic.
1 reduncus -a -um, bent, boived, curved;
rostrum (aquilae), Ov.
redundantia -ac, f. (redundo), an overflow-
ing; fig., of style, redundancy, Cic.
redundo, l. (re and unda), to overflow, sir-
over. I. 1, lit., of water, etc., lacus, C. .;
pituita, Cic; partic. perf., redundatus poet. =
redundans, overflowing ; aquae, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
to overflow with ; foil, by abl., Asia, quae eorum
ipsorum sanguine redundat, Cic II. Fig., 1,
to overflow, abound, flow forth freely ; a, nationes
in provincias redundare poterant, Cic; infamia
ad ainicos redundat, Cic ; b, of orators, Asiatici
oratores nimis rcduudante.s, copious, diffuse,
Cic. ; 2, to be very abundant, abound; ut neque
in Antonio deesset hie ornatus orationis, neque
in Crasso redundaret, Cic. ; with abl., to abound
in; splendidissimorum hominum multitudine,
Cic.
reduvla (rgdivia) -ae, f. (from *reduo,
as exuviae from exuo), a hangnail, whitlou;
a loosening of the skin round tie vails; prov.,
quum capiti medori debeam, rcduviam curem,
attend to a trifle, Cic.
redux-d&cis (reduco). I. Act., bringingback,
restoring; epithet of Jupiter, Ov. II. Fass.,
brought back, returned; reduces socii, Verg.; me
reducem esse voluistis, returned from exile, Cic
(abl. sing., reduci in poets, Ov.).
refectio -5nis, f. (reficio), a repairing, re-
iteration, Ruet.
refector -oris, m. (reticio), a repairer, re-
storer, Suet.
rofello -felli, .'!. (re and fallo), to refute, eon-
fute, disprove ; aliquem, Cic. ; refellere et red-
nrguere meiidacium alicuius, Cic; crimen com-
mune ferro, Verg.
referclo -forsi -fertum, 4. (re and farcie), t»
stuff quite full, fill full. I. Lit., cloacas cor-
poribus civium, Cic. II. Fig., A. Gen., com-
plures aures istis sermonibus, Cic ; libros puer-
ilibus fabulis, Cic B. to crowd together ; quae
Crassus peranguste refersit in oratione sua, Cic.
referlo, 4. I. to strike back, strike again,
Plant. II. to reflect; upeculi referitur imagine
Phoebus, Ov.
refero -tttli -latum -ferre. I. to carry back,
bring back, bearbwk. A. 1. to a place, a, to bring
bank, carry back; candelabrum, Cic; pecunias
in templum, Caes.; esp., of the wounded, ali-
quem in castra, Liv. ; b, to take back, restore
what has been lent or stolen, give back; pateram,
Cic. ; tig., ad equestrem ordinem judicia, Cic;
c, to give back f 'ram oneself ; (a) to spit out ; cum
sanguine mixta vina, Verg. ; (j3) to causeto sound
back, to cause to echo ; in pass. = to echo, to re-
sound; theatri natura ita resonans, ut usque.
Romam signiticationcs vocesque referantur, Cic. ;
d, to carry back = to make to return; (a) of re-
turn, me referunt pedes in Tusculanum, Cic. ; esp.,
referre pedem, or referre se, or pass., referri, as
middle, to return, to turn back again, to return
home ; se iterum Romam, Cic. ; classem relatam
nuntio, Verg. ; osp., (aa) to bring back time that
is past; o mini praeteritos referat si Juppiter
annos, Verg.; (/3/3) to direct again one's look,
energy, etc. ; oculos animumque ad aliquem,
Cic. ; animum ad studia, Cic. ; se ad philoso-
phiam, Cic ; (yy) to restore to a condition; con-
silia in melius, Verg.; (56) legal t. t., to bring
again before a court of justice ; rem .iudicatam,
Cic. ; (<rt) to refer to, to judge by, measure accord-
ing to a certain standard ; omnia ad voluptatem,
Cic. ; omnia consilia atque facta ad dignitatem
et ad virtutem, Cic; (fs) of retreat, to move back;
castra, Liv.; esp., referre pedem or vestigia, or
gradum (gradus), or reflex., se referre and pass.,
referri, as middle, to retreat, move back, yield ; esp.
as milit. 1. 1., paulatim cedere ac pedem referre,
Caes.; (y) naut. t.t., to drive back ; auster aliquem
in Italiam refert, Cic. ; 2, to bring back from a
place, as a trophy, present, discovery; a, tabulas
repertas ad Caesarem, Caes. ; pro re ccrta falsam
ipein domum, Cic ; esp., milit. t. t., signa
militaria sex, Caes. ; b, to bririg back a message,
report, etc. ; responsum, Cic. ; rumores, Cic. ;
witli ace and infin., imminere Volscum belluni,
Liv.; 3, to bring hack as equivalent, return, re-
quite; a, vicem, Ov. ; alicui plurimam salutem,
Cic. ; b, gratiam, to return thanks, to recompense,
Cic. ; 4, to turn back (parts of the body) ; oculos
ad terrain identidem, Cic. ; os in 6e, Ov. ; 5, to
repeat, renew, restore ; a, eandem totius caeli
descriptioncm, Cic. ; b, to represent, be the image
of, recall; aliquem ore, Verg. II. to giveaway
from oneself. A. to give up, present, deliver;
fruinentum omne ad se referri jubet, Caes. ;
polit. t. t., banc ex fenore pecuiiiam populo,
deliver into the public treasury, Cic; rationes ad
aerarium, Cic; esp., a, to pay off; octonis
Idibue aera, Hor.; b, to offer as a sacrifice ; sol-
lemnia ludis, Verg.; c, to procure, confer upon;
consulatum ad patrem, Cic. ; d ? to report, relate
by word of mouth or by writing; certorum
hominum sermoncs ad aliquem, Cic. ; haec man-
data Caesari, Caes.; aliquem in numero deoruni,
to raise to, Cic; with ace and infin., referunt
Suebos ad extremos tines se reccpisse, Caes. ; e,
to place before for advice, apply to, refer to ; de
sleno Concordiae dedicando ad pontiflcnm co]<
ref
475
ref
legiuni, Cic; esp., 1, referre ad senatum, to
bring a question before the senate ; ad senatuin de
legibus abrogandis, Cic. ; 2, to register, record,
enter; judicium ill tabulas publicas, Cic; ali-
quid in commentarium, in libellum, Cic. ; ali-
quern in proscxiptos, in the list of proscribed,
Cic. ; esp., to write in ail account-book ; pecuniam
operi publico, under the head of a public work,
Cic. ; aliquid in acceptum referre or acceptum
referre, to enter as paid, Cic. (perf. and sup.,
i rettuli and rellatum sometimes in poets to
make the lirst syllable long).
refert, retiilit, referre, impers. (from re, for
ex re and fert), it matters, it concerns, is of use,
is advantageous, is one's interest; with mea, tua,
nostra, vestra, cuja ; more rarely with ad ami
the ace, or only ace, or with genit.; a, with pos-
sess, pron., non ascripsi id, quod tua nihil refere-
bat, Cic; non plus sua referre, quam si, etc., Cic;
b, without poss. pron., refert maguo opere id
ipsum ; with infin. as subj., neque refert videre
quid dicendum sit, Cic; with depend, interrog.
sent., quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis? Cic. ;
quid refert, utrum voluerim fieri, an gaudeam
factum? Cic; c, with dat., quid referat intra
naturae lines viventi, jugera centum an mille
aretrHor. ; d, with genit., faciendum aliquid,
quod illoruin n ajiis, quam sua retulisse videre-
tur, Sail. ; e, absol., tamquam referret, as if it
were of any consequence, Tac
refertus -a -urn, p. adj. (from refercio),
stuffed, crammed, filled, full; (a) with abl., in-
sula rcferta divitiis, Cic ; (j3) with genit., mare
refertum praedonum, Cic; (7) with de and the
abl., cur de prooemiis referti essent eomni libri,
Cic. ; (6) absol., aerarium lefertius, Cic. ; the-
atrum refertissimum, Cic.
referveo, 2. to boil over; fig., refervens
falsum crimen, Cic.
refervesco, 3. (referveo), to boil up, bubble
up ; sanguis refervescit, Cic.
reficio -feci -fectuin, 3. (re and facio). I.
to make again. A, to make afresh, prepare again ;
anna, Sail. ; ea quae sunt omissa, Cic B.
to choose again ; tribunos, Cic II. to re-estab-
lish, restore a thing to its previous condition;
salutem, Cic ; esp., a, to build again ; ponteni,
Caes. ; fana, Cic ; b, to refit, repair ; naves,
classem, Caes. ; aedes, Cic. ; c, to light again,
kindle again ; flammam, Ov. ; d, to restore in
point of number, to fill up, complete; exercitum,
Idv. ; copias, Caes. ; e, to restore health, heal,
cure; Tironis reliciendi spes, Cic; f, to restore
(physically, politically, mentally), to refresh,
revive ; reficere se et curare, Cic. ; fessum via ac
vigiliis militeni, Liv. ; me recreatet reficit Pom-
peii consilium, gives me strength, Cic. ; of things,
herbas, Ov. III. to get back again, receive, get;
plus inercedis ex fuudo, Cic.
ref igo -fixi -iixum, 3. to tear, loose, pluck off,
pluck apart, unfasten. -I. Lit., tabulas, Cic;
signa templis, Hor. II. Meton., A. to take doivn
the tables of the law, i.e., to repeal, abrogate;
leges, aera, Cic. B. to pack up, ap. Cic.
, refingo, 3. to form anew ; cerea regua, Verg.
rcflagito, 1. to ask back, demand again,
reflatus -u, m. (reflo). I. a blowing against,
Plin. II. Meton., a contrary wind; naves de-
latas Uticam refiatu lioc, Cic.
reflecto -flexi -flexnm, 3. to turn back, bend
back. I. Lit., cervicem, Ov. ; oculos, Ov. ; pass.,
reflecti, as middle, tereti cervice retlexa, Verg. ;
longos reflectitur ungues, bends his nails into
long talons, Ov. II. Pig., to turn back, burn,
divert ; omnium, Cic ; mentes. Cjc ; wsa in
niclius, Verg.
reflo, 1. I. Intransit., to blow back, blow
against, blow contrary ; etsi etesiae valde reflant,
Cic. II. Transit., to blowout, breathe out, Lucr.
rcfloresco -florfii, J. to begin to bloom again,
Plin.
refliio -rluxi -Iluxum, 3. to flow back, to over-
flow ; Nilus refluit eampis, Verg.
rcfluus -a -um (leiluo), flowing back; inarc,
Ov.^
refddio -fOdi -fossum, 3. to dig out, dig up,
Plin.
reformator -5ris, in. (refonno), one who
forms again, a reviver, improver, Plin.
reformidatio -onis, f. (reformido), excessive
dread, fear, terror, Cic.
reformido, 1. to dread, fear, be afraid of,
shun, uvoid ; a, of persons, (a) with ace,
aliqucm, Cic; bellum. Cic; (/3) with iiiBn., re-
fugit animus eaque diccre reformidat, Cic; (y)
with rel. sent., nee, quid occurrat, reformidat,
Cic; (5) absol., vide, quam non reforinidem,
Cic ; b, of things, ante (vites) reformidant
ffirruni, Verg.
reformo, 1. to form again, mould anew, alter
inform; Iolcus reforuiatus in annos prinios, Ov.
refoveo -fovi -fotum, 2. to xvarm again,
cherish again, revive, restore, refresh. I. Lit.,
corpus, Ov. ; vires, Tac. ; igues tepidos, Ov. II,
Fig., provincias iuternis certamiuibus fessas,
Tac.
erfractari6lus;-a-inii(dim. of refractarius),
somewhat contentious, stubborn; hoc judicialo
dicendi genus, Cic.
ref ractarius • -a -11m (refrngor), stubborn
refractory, contentious, Sen.
refragor, 1. dep. (opp. to 6uffrngor), to op-
pose, withstand, thwart; petenti, Cic; honori
eius, Liv. ; ilia lex petitioni tuae refragrata est,
is opposed to, Cic.
refreno, 1. to hold liack, rein in; transf.,
to hold back, restrain, curb; fluvios, Lucr. ; aquas,
Ov.; tig., aninium, Cic; juventutem, Cic; adol-
cscentes a gloria, Cic
refrlco -frlciii -frlcaturus, 1. to rub again,
scratch again, gall. I. Lit., alicuius ▼itinera, to
tear open, Cic; cicatricem, Cic. II. Transf., to
excite again, renew ; pulcho.rriini facti niemoriam,
Cic. ; tuis sceleribua reipublicao praeterita fata
rofricabis, Cic; dolorem, Cic; crebro refricatur
lippitudo, breaks out afresh, appears again, Cic.
refrigeratio -onis, f. (refrigero), a coding,
coolness; me delectant et refrigeratio etvicissim
aut sol ant ignis hibernus, Cic.
refrigeratorius -a -um (refrigero), cooling,
Plin.
refrigeratrix -icis, f. ccoling, Plin.
refrigero, 1. to make cool. I. Lit., a, physi-
cally, stella Saturni refrigerat, Cic. ; b, of
animal heat, membra undS, Ov. ; dei membra
partial ardentia partiui refrigerata dicenda sunt,
Cic ; pass., refrigerari, as middle, to cool one-
self, grow cool ; umbris aquisve, Cic. II. Transf.,
to cool, to deprive of warmth or zeal ; and hence,
pass., to be cold, exhausted, languid, to grow cool
or languid; refrigerata accusatio, Cic; sennone
refrigerato, Cic.
refrigesco -frixi, 3. to grow cold, cool down,
become cool. I. Lit., cor corpora cum toto re-
frixit, Ov. II. Transf., to lose warmth, vigour,
zeal, grow cool, to flag, to fail, to abate, to grow
stede ; illud crimen «le minimis caluit re recenti,
nunc in causa refrixit, Cic. ; vereor ne liasta
(the public nucd'em) refrixerit, Cic ; of persons,
HMiqrus lefiixetat, Cic,
ref
476
reg
refringo -fregi -fractuin, 3. (re and frango),
in break up, break open. I. Lit., claustra, Cic. .
eaiverem, Liv. II. Transf., to break in- pieces,
to breaJ:, destroy; vim fliimiiiis, Caes. ; vim for-
tunae, Liv.
rdfugio -fugi -fiigitum, 3. I. Intransit., to
fee away, take to flight, escaj^e. A. Lit., velocis-
siino, Caes. ; ad suos, Caes. ; Syracusas, Cic. ; ex
castris in montem, Cars. B. Transf., a, to
turn away from, avoid ; vites a caulibus rcfugere
dieuntur, Cic. ; b f of places, to retire from,
recede from; refugftab litore teinplum, Verg. ;
c, to take refuge with, hare recourse to ; ad legato ,
Cic. II. Transit, to fly from, avoid, run away
from. A. Lit., impetum, Cic. 3. Fig., to
avoid, shun; judicem, Cic. ; ministeria, Verg.
rfifugium -li, li. (refugio), a place of refuge,
a refuge ; silvae dedere refugiura, Liv. ; rcfugiuin
populorum erat seuatus, Cic.
rSftigUS -a -van (refugio). I. flying, fugitive,
receding; quidain in castra rcfugi,Tac. Subst.,
refugi, fitgttives,"Tne. II. Toet., transf., reced-
ing, recoiling; inula, Ov.
rdfulgeo -falsi, 2. to gleam or glitter back, to
shine brightly, to glitter. I. Lit. anna reful-
gentia, Liv. ; Jovis tutela refulgens (of Jupiter,
as an auspicious birth-star), Hor. II. Fig.,
splehdidoqne a docto fama refulget avo, Prop.
refundo -ffidi -fusum, 3. I. to pour back;
vapores efidem, Cic. ; aequor in aequor, Ov. ;
refusus Oceanus, ebbing owl flowing, Verg. II.
to cause to flow forth ; pass., refundi* as middle, to
overflow ; stagna refusa vadis, Verg.
refutatio -onis, f. (re.futo), a refutation, con-
futation, Cic.
refutatus, abl. -u = refutatio (q.v.).
refuto, 1. I. to drive back, press back; na-
tiones bello, Cic. II. Fig., to resist, oppose,
repel, repress. A. Gen., clamorem, Cic ; cupidi-
tatein, Cic. ; virtutem aspernari ac refutare, Cic.
B. Ksp., to co)\futc, refute, disprove; scelerat-
orum perjuria testimoniis, Cic. ; aliquos domest-
icis testibus, Cic. ; Fors dicta refutet! may fate
avert ! Verg.
regallolus -i, m. (dim. of regalis) a small
bird, psrliaps the wren, Suet.
regalis -e (rex), royal, regal, kingly. I. Lit.,
melius civitatis, monarchical, Cic. ; nomen, Cic. ;
carmen, celebrating deeds of kings, Ov. II.
Transf., kingly, princely, worthy if a. king;
nrnatus, Cic. ; regalem aninium in se esse,
Liv.
regalltSr, adv. (regalis), royally, regally; a,
in good sense, centum hostiis sacriticium regal-
iter Minervae conflcere, Liv. ; b, in a bad
sense, despotically, tyrannically ; precibus minus
regal iter add ere, Ov.
regelo, 1. to thaw, warm, Mart.
regenSro, l. tobring forth again, to generate
again, ixproduce, l'lin. .
rcgenninatio -onis, f. (regermino), a bud-
ding again, putting forth of buds again, Plin.
regerraino, 1. to put forth buds again, ger-
minate again, Plin.
rcgero -gessi -gestuin, 3. to carryback, h,-,,,-
back, bring back. I. Lit., quo regesta e fossa
terra foret, Liv. ; tellnrem, to throw back again,,
Ov. II. Transf., to throw back, return, retort;
convicia, Hor.
regia, v. regius.
regie, adv. (regius), royally; a, in a good
sense, Plaut. ; b, in a bad sense, arbitrarily,
despotically, tyrannically ; crudeliter et reeie
fieri, Qic. ; ea quae regie seu potins tyrannies
statuit in aratores, Cic,
regificus -a um (rex and facio), royal,
princely, splendid ; luxus, Verg.
regigno, 3. to bring forth again, beget again,
Lucr.
RegilluS -i, in. I. a town in the country of
the Sabines, from which Appius Claudius came to
Rome. Hence, Regillensis -e and Regill-
anus -a -nin, belonging to Hegillns. II. a small
lake in I.atium on. the. via. Lovicana, scene of a
victory of the Romans over tin' Latins, 49(5 B.C.
Hence, Regillensis -e, surname of the Post-
vmii, as the Roman commander was the dictator
Fostumius. III. surname of the gens Aemilia.
regimen -Tnis, ri. (rego). I. guiding, lead-
i»g. A. Lit., eqiioriim, Tac. ; navis, Tae r ;
coliortium, Tac. B. Fig., guidance, rule, govern-
ment, direction; totius magistrates, Liv.; absol.,
the. government of a state, Tac. II. that which
guides. A. Poet., therudder, Ov. B. Fig., a
ruler, governor ; rerum, of a state, Liv.
regina -ae, f. (rex), a queen. I. A. Lit.,
1 ? gen., Plaut.; 2, esp., of Cleopatra, Cic;
ot Dido, Verg. B. Transf., a, ot goddesses,
regina, Juno, Cic. ; b, a king's (laughter, a,
princess (of Ariadne), Verg. ; of Medea, Ov. II.
Fig., queen, mistress, sovereign; liaee. una virtus
(justitia) omnium est domina et regina virtutum,
Cic. ; regina pecunia, Hor.
Reginus, v. Regium.
regio -onis, f. (rego). I. a direction, line.
A. Gen., si qui tantulum de recta regione de-
flexerit, Cic; haec eadem est nostra regio et via,
Cic. ; oppidi mums recti regione, si nullus an-
fractus intercederet, MCC passus aberat, Caes.;
recta regione, in a straight line, Liv. B. Esp.,
e regione, adv., a, in a straight line; alteram e
regione movetur, alteram declinat, Cic; b, in
the opposite direction, over, against; (a) with
genit., e regione solis, Cic. ; (&) witli dat., esse
e regione. nobis e contiaria parte terrae, Cic.
II. Transf., A. a boundary line, boundary; 1,
gen., a, lit. , usually plur., res ea orbis terrae reg-
ionibus dehiiiuntur, Cic.; b, fig., seso regionibus
officii continet, Cic. ; 2. esp., a, t. t. of augurs'
language, the line of sight. ; per li tun ill regionnm
facta descriptio, Cic. ; b, o region of the heavens
or earth; regio aquilonia, austral is, Cic; c,
geographical position, earn esse naturam et
regionem provinciae tuae, Cic. B. 1, a region,
country, territory, district; a, lit., locus in
regione pestilenti saluber, Cic; b, tig., sphere,
department, territory; bene dicere noil habet
delinitani aliquam regionem, Cic. ; 2, esp., a,
an administrative division, province, district;
prilicipes reginmnn atque pngorum inter suos
jus dicunt, Caes. ; b, a division, qtuirter, ward,
district of Jlome, Tac.
regionatim, adv. (regio), according to dis-
tricts, provinces ; tribus describere, Liv.
Regium -ii, n. I. a town of the Boii in
Gallia Cispadana, now lleggio. Hence, Re-
gionses -lum, m. the inhabitants of Regium.
II. a town of the llruttii, at. the south Of Italy,
urn,- Sicily, now Reggio. Hence, Reginus -a
- u mi , belonging to Regium.
regius -a -um (rex), royal, regal, kingly.
I. Adj., A. Lit., antii, the period of monarchy at
Rome, Cic. ; ales, the eagle, Cic. ; causa (of tlio
installation of Ptolemaeus Auletes), Cic. B.
Transf., royal, splendid, magnificent ; moles, Hor. ;
morbus, jaundice, Hor. II. Subst., A, regii
-drum, m. 1, the troops of the. ling, Liv. ; 2, the
satraps of the king, Nep. B. regia -ae, f. 1,
the royal dwelling, the palace; a, gen., Cic. ; b,
esp., a building in Rome on the Via Sacra, the
palace of Nums, afterwards used b.y the. priests,
rsg
477
rei
Cic.; so atrium regium, Liv. ; c, meton., the
court, the royal family, Liv. ; 2,= basilica, a
public hall, Suet.
reglutlno, 1. to unglue, separate. Cat.
regnator -oris, m. (regno), « ?'«;er, governor,
king; Olympi, Jupiter, Verg.; Asiae, Verg.
regnatrix -trieis, f. (regnator), riding;
domus, Tae.
regno, 1. (regnum). I. Intransit., to exercise
royal authority, be a king, reign. A. Lit.,
septem et triginta regnavisse annos, Cic. ;
iinpera., post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non
erat regnatum, Liv. B. Transf., to rule as a
king ; a, of persons, to be master, to have abso-
lute suuy, to play the lord ; partly in a good
sense, Graecia jam regnante, Cic. ; partly in a
bad sense, to be a tyrant; regnavit is quidem
(Gracchus) paucos menses, Cic. ; b, of things,
to rule, get the mastery ; ignis per iilta cacumiua
regnat, Verg. ; ardor edendi per viscera regnat,
rages, Ow ; of abstractions, in quo uno regnat
oratio, Cic. II. Transit., to ride ; only ill pass.,
regnandam RCCipere Album, Verg. ; with abl. of
pers., terra regnata Lycurgo, Verg. ; gentes quae
regnantur, which are ruled by kings, Tac.
regnum -i, n. (rex), royal power or author-
ity, royalty, monarchy, the throne. I. A. Lit.,
superbi regni initium, Cic. ; regnum atlectare,
Liv. B. Transf., 1, in a good sense, authority,
rule, unrestrained power ; alicui regnum deferre,
Caes. ; abuti ad omnia atomorum regno et
licentiS, Cic. ; 2, in a bad sense, under the
republic at Rome, tyranny, despotism; regnum
appetere, Cic; crimen regni, Ov. ; regnum judici-
i ormn, regnum forense, Cic. II. Meton., A. a
country ruled by a king, a kingdom ; tines regni,
Caes. B. Transf., 1, the kingdom of the deiul,
Verg.; 2, any possession, estate; in tuo regno,
Cic; mea rcgna, Verg.
rego, rexi, rectum, 3. to guide, direct. I. Lit.,
A. equum, Liv.; regit beluain quocuiuque vult,
Cic. B. Legal t. t., regere fines, to mark out
boundaries, Cic II. Fig., A. to guide, direct;
a, motuni mnndi, Cic. ; juvenein, Cic; b, esp.,
as a ruler, to guide, direct, rule, govern, ad-
minister; rempublicam, Cic; Massilieuses
summit justitia, Cic. ; transf., of abstract ob-
jects, oinnea animi partes, Cic. ; suorum
libidines, Cic. B. to show the right way to, to
set right; errantem, Caes.; te regere possum,
Cic.
• regredior -gressus sum, 3. (re and gradior),
to go bad;, retreat, step back. I. Lit., a, lit regredi
quam progredi mallent, Cic. ; b, as milit. t. t.,
to retreat, Caes. II. Fig., in ilium annum, Cic.
regressio -Onis, f. (regredior), o going back,
repetition, as a rhetorical figure, Quint.
regressus -us, m. (regredior), a going back,
return. I. Lit., a, Cic; dare ulicui regressum,
Ov. Plur., conservare progressus et regressus,
Cic. ; b, milit. t. t., a retreat, Liv. II. Fig.,
a, a return; ab ira, Liv. ; b, refuge, recourse;
ad principem, Tac.
regula -ae, f. (rego), a rule, a bar, staff,
lath, stick. I. Gen., Caes. II. Esp., A. Lit.,
a rule, Cic. B. Fig., a rule, pattern, model;
juris, Cic. ; regula ad quam omnia judicia rerum
dirigentur, Cic.
1. regulus -i, m. (dim. cf rex). I. a petty
king, prince, Sail. II. a king's son, prince, Liv.
2. Regulus, surname of the gens Atilia, the
most famous member of which was the consul M.
Atilius Regulus, famous for his devoted return
into captivity in the First Punic War.
rSgusto, 1. to taste again or repeatedly. I.
Lit, Peru. II, Fig., crebro litteras alicuius, to
take pleasure in reading over again, Oie. J laud.
ationem Lollii, Cic.
relcio = rejicio (q. v.).
rejectaneus -a -am (rejicio), to be rejected ;
subst., rejectanea -5mm, transl. of the Stoic
an<nrporiyiJ.eya, things which, though not f.Sll, Ulf
to be rejected, Cic
rejeotlo -Onis, f. (rejicio). I. Lit., a throw-
ing out, throwing back, throwing up; sanguinis,
a spitting of blood, Plin. II. Fig., A. a casting
out, rejection, despising ; a, huius civitatis, Cic;
b, esp., legal t.t., the refusal to accept a particular
judex, challenging a juryman ; judicum, Cic. B.
In rhet., in aiium, a shifting off from oneself to
another, Cic.
rojeoto, 1. (intens. of rejicio), to cast back,
throw back, Lucr.
rejicio -jeci -jectimi, 3. (re and jacio), to
throw back. I. Gen., A. In a narrow sense, to
cast behind, throw behind; a, scutum (to protect
oneself), Cic. ; esp., of a garment, to throw behind ;
togam ab humero, Liv.; paenulam, to throw back
on the shoulders (to leave the hands free), Cic ;
b, esp., (a) rejiccre or pass., rejici, as middle, to
sink back: se in alicuius gremiuin, Lucr.; (/3) to
place behind; accensos in postromam uciem,
Liv. ; rejecta mater, Cic. B. In a wider sense,
to cast back from oneself, throw away, repel, drive
back; 1, lit., a, colubras ab ore, Ov. ; oculos
Kutulorum arvis, turn from, Verg. ; esp., (a) to
throw away a garment ; vestem ex humeris, Ov. ;
sagulum, Cic. ; (fi) to throw back, cause to echo ;
gen., in pass., to echo back; imago rejecta,
Lucr. ; b, esp., (a) to drive off living beings ;
eapellas a Humine, Verg. ; esp., as milit. t. t., to
drive back; equitatum, Caes.; hostes ab An-
tiochea, Cic. ; tig., alicuius ferrnm et audaciain
in foro, Cic; O) as naut. t. t., of a storm, to
drive back, cast up; naves tempestate rejectae,
Cues. ; rejici austro ad Leucopetram, Cic. ; 2,
lig., a, to drive off from oneself, remove, repidse ;
banc proscriptionem hoc judicio a se rejicere et.
aspernari, Cic. ; b, esp., (a) to reject with scorn,
disdain, spurn; bona diligere et. rejicere con-
traria, Cic ; omnem istam disputationem, Cic. ;
as legal t. t., to challenge the judices or jury;
judices, Cic. ; recuperatoros, Cic. ; (fi) to refer to ;
aliquem ad ipsain epistolam, Cic. ; (y) to bring a
matter before the senate, or a magistrate ; rem nd
seuatum, Liv.; (&) to put off'; totnm rem in
mensem Januariuin, Cic. II. to throw back at
some one ; teluin in hostem, Caes. (iniper., reice,
dissyll., Verg.).
relabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. to slide, glide,
flow, fall back. I. Lit., prenso rndente relabi,
Ov. ; relabi montibus, Hor. H. Fig., tunc mens
etsonus relapsus, Hor.; mine in Aristippi furtim
praecepta relabor, come back to, Hor.
relanguesco -langui, 3. to become faint, lan-
guid. I. Physically, Ov. II. Morally or intel-
lectually, a, to be weakened, be made effeminate;
iis rebus relanguescere animos, Caes. ; b, to
become relaxed, to abate; taedio impetus relan-
guescit regis, Liv. ; relanguisse se dicit, hie ani-
mosity had abated, Liv.
relatio -onis, f. (refero), a carrying back,
bringing back. I. Lit, Quint. II. Fig., A.
Legal t. t, criminis, a retorting of the accusation,
upon the accuser, Cic. B. 1, polit. t. t., a
motion, proposal, proposition of a magistrate in
the senate, Cic. ; 2, grammat. t. t, relation,
reference, respect, Cic.
relator -oris, m. (refero), a mover, proposer
in the senate, ap. Cic.
relatua -ils, in. (refero), a bringing before. I.
re narrative, recital ; quorum (carminnm) relatus,
Tac. II. re proposal, repjrt in the senate, Tac.
rel
478
jfel
relaxatl'o -onla, f. (relaxo), a relaxation,
easing ; animi, Cic.
relaxo, 1. I. to loosen, widen, enlarge, relax ;
alvns turn nstringitux, turn relaxatur, Cic. ; ora
fontibus, Ov. II. to make slack, to ease, to open,
unfasten. A. Lit., claustra, Ov.; vias et caeca
Bpiramenta, Verg. B. Fig., to ease, lighten,
alleviate, assuage, relax; a, gen., (.1) transit.,
continuatioiicin verborutn modo relaxet, Cic. ;
pater nimis indulgens quidqnid nstrinxi rclaxat,
loosens the reins which I drew tight, Cic. ; (ristis)
tristitiam ac severitatem initigat et rclaxat. Cic;
()3) reflex, and middle, animi cum se ldane corp-
oris vinculis relaxaverint, shall have freed them-
selves, Cic. ; simply rolaxare and middle, rclaxari
= to slacken; (dolor) levis dat intcrvalla et rc-
laxat, Cic. ; insani quum relaxentnr, when they
have a Ivcid interval, Cic; b, esp., to relax by
way of recreation, to lighten, enliven, cheer up ; (a)
transit., animum, Cic ; (fi) reflex, and middle,
se ista occupatione, Cic. ; relaxari aniino, Cic.
relegatio -Onis, f. (1. relego), a banishing,
banishment, the mildest form of exile from Rome,
by which the exile preserved his civil rights, Cic
1. rologo, 1. to send away. I. Lit., 1,
tauros piocul atque in sola pascua, Verg. ; 2,
as a punishment, to remove, banish ; fllium ab
hominibus, Cic. ; aliquem in exsilium, Liv. ;
relegatus, non cxsul dicor (the relegatio being the
mildest form of banishment), Ov. II. Transf.,
a, to remove far away; terris gens relegata
ttltimis, Cic. ; b, to reject ; Samnitium dona, Cic.
2. relego -10gi -lee turn, 3. I. to gather vp,
collect again. A. Lit., lilo relecto, Ov. B.
Transf., to travel, sail through, traverse again ;
Hellespontiaeas aquas, Ov. II. to go over
again; a, to read over again; Trojani belli
scriptorem, Hot. ; scripta, Ov. ; b, to talk over ;
suos Bennone labores, Ov.
relentesco, 3. to become languid, feeble aga in ;
amor, Ov.
relevo, l. I. to lift, raise up again ; e terrn
corpus, Ov. II. to make light again, to lighten.
A. Lit., epistolam graviorem pellcctione, Cic;
relevari longS catenfi, tobe freed from, Ov. B. Fig.,
1, to relieve, free from an evil, to lessen, diminish ;
communcm casum misericordiii hominum, Cic. ;
morbum, Cic; 2, to lighten, alleviate, refi
pectora mero, Ov. ; potius relevare quam cast.'-
gare, Cic. ; relevari, to be relieved, refreshed ;
relevata respublica, Cic.
relictio -Gnis, f. (relinquo), a leaving, de-
serting; reipublicae, Cic.
rellcuus and r61icus = reliquus (q.v.).
religatio -Onis, f. (rcligo), a tying up, train-
ing; vitinm, Cic.
religio (relligio) -6ni», f. (perhaps from
re-ligo). I. Gen., conscienticustiess, scrupidous-
ness, conscientious exactness; liac ego religione
non sum ab hoc conatu repulsus, Cic; nulla
in jndiciis severitas, nulla religio, Cic; with
object, send., non nullius officii, privati ofllcii,
Cic. ; with subject, genit., fides et. religio jndicis,
Cic II. Esp., respect for what is sacred. A.
conscientious scruples, respect for conscience ;
fierturbari religione et mctu, Cic; res in rc-
igionem alicui vend, is a. matter of conscience
to, Cic; religio alicui non est, quominiis, etc., a
'man is not prevented by conscience from, etc.,
Cic. ; in plur., quas religiones, Cic. B. relig
ling, religious aire ; 1, lit., a, in a good si-use,
inclita jostitia religioque Xumac Pompilil, Liv. ;
in plur., hnstis omnium rcligjnnnm, Cic. ; b, in
a hail sense, superstition; animos multiplex
religio et pleraque externa ineeasit, Liv. ; 2,
meton., that which is holy or sacral; a, gen., (a)
in a good sense, in sacerdotibus tanta ofl'iisa
oeulis animoque religio, Liv.; (,8) in a bait senSC,
an insult to religion, sin, curse ; religio Clodiana,
Cic; b, esp., (a) act., religious obligation;
tanta religione obstricta tota provincia est, Cic;
so of an oath, religio jnrisjiirnndi, Cic. ; (/3)
holiness, sanctity; deoruin, Cic; magistrates
religione inviolati, Cic; of a place, fani, sacrarii,
Cic. C. religious worship, the worship of the
gods, external religion ; 1, lit., religio, id est,
cultus deoruin, Cic; plur., religiones, religious
observances; diligentissimns religionum cultor,
Liv. ; 2, meton.,' an object of worship, holy thing ;
religio domestica (of a statue), Cic. ; hence, the
sacred dwelling of a god ; a deoruin religionibus
demigrare, Cic. (in poets the lirst syllable is
long, hence written relligio).
religiose (relllgiose), adv. (religiosus).
I. conscientiously, scrupulously; testimonium
dicere, Cic II. piously, religiously ; dcos
colere, Liv.; religiosissime templum colere, Cic.
religiosus (relligiosus) -a -um (religio).
I. conscientious, scrupulous; testis, Cic. II. A.
religiously scrupulous; civitas, Liv. ; dies, a day
of evil omen, as the dies Alliensis, Cic. B. a, in
a good sense, religions, god-fearing, pious ; (a)
lit., qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum portin-
crent, diligentei retractarent et tamquam re-
legerent sunt clicti religiosi, Cic. ; (0) meton.,
holy, sacred; templum sanctum et religiosuni,
Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, superstitions, Ter.
religo, 1. I. to tie, fasten behind. A. Lit.,
1, virginem, Ov. ; rite eqnos, Verg. ; trabes
axitms, Caes. ; aliquem ad curium, Cic. ; funera
in stipite, Ov. ; funicnlum a puppi, Cic; 2, to
bifid up the hair ; alicui, for the sake of some, one ;
flavam coinam, Hor. ; 3, to fasten a boat or ship
to the bank, to moor; naves ad tcrram, Caes.;
religata in litore pinus, Ov. B. Transf., quae
(prudential si extrinsecus religata pendeat, con-
nected with, Cic. II. to unbind, unfasten, Cat.
relino -levi -litum, 3. to unseal, open any-
thing fastened by pitch, etc, Verg., Ter.
relinquo -llqui dictum, 3. I. to leave be-
hind, leave. A. Gen., 1, lit., aliquem in Gallia,
Caes. ; 2, fig., to leave behind ; aculeos in animo
alicuius, Cic. B. Fsp., 1, of a deceased per-
son, to leave, leave behind ; a, lit., licredem testa-
ment* reliquit hunc, Cic. ; so of posthumous
work, scriptum in Originibns, Cic ; b, fig.,
memoriam, Cic; nonien, Hor. ; 2, to leave over,
leave to, to let remain ; a, alicui ne palcas quidem
ex omni fructu, Cic; equitatus partem alicui,
Caes. ; relinquebatur una per Sequanos via,
there remained, Caes.; b, fig., populari reipub-
licae landem, Cic. : spes relinquitur, remains,
Cic, Caes. ; urbem direptioni ac incendiis, Cic ;
relinquitur with nt and the subj., Cic, Caes.;
3, to leave behind in a certain state, to let lie,
leave; a, lit., aliquem insepultum, Cic; b,
fig., rem integram, Cic. ; sine imperio tantas
copias, Caes. II. to abandon, forsake, separate,
oneself from some one or some.thi » g. A. Gen., 1,
lit., domum propinquosque, Caes.; 2, fig-, a
quartana aliquis relinquitur, Cic ; vitam, Verg. ;
relinquit aliquem animus, Caes.; ab omni hon-
estate relictus, Cic. B. to desert, abandon,
leave in the lurch; 1, lit., eqnos. Caes. ;'signa,
desert, Liv.; 2, fig-, a, to neglect, abandon, let
go, t'ke ?ii thought for; rein et causam et
utilitatem eommnnem, Cic. ; agroruni et arniomm
cultum, Cic; b, esp., (a) In pats ocer, not tn
notice ; caedes relinquo, libidinea praetereo, Cic;
(B) to leave unfinished; artem inveniendi to tain,
Cic; (y) to leave unavenged, unpunished; in-
I jnrias suas, Cic.
reliquiae (relliquiae) -arum. f. (reli-
I quits), remains, relics, remainder, remnant. I,
I Lit., A, Gen., conjurationis, Cic; Troas
rel
470
rem
Danaum reliquias, remnant left by the Greeks,
Verg. B. Esp., a, the fragments of food, rem-
nants of a feast, Plaut.; fig., vellem me ad cenam
(the murder of Caesar) invitasses, reliquiarum
nihil haberes [had not left Antonius alive), Cic ;
b, the remains of some one dead, carcass; hu-
manorom corpornm, Tac. ; c, the remains, ashes
of a corpse burnt on the funeral pyre ; Marii,
Cic. II. Fig., pristinae fortunae reliquiae
miserae, Cic. (in poets, to lengthen the that
syllable, also written relliquiae).
roliquus (relicus) -a -um (relinquo), that
whicli is left behind, remaining, left. I. Lit., A.
Gen., spes, Cic.; subst,, (a) plur., reliqui
-drain, in. the rest ; with genit., reliqui peditum,
Li v.; (j3) reliquum -i, n. and reliqua -Orum,
n. the rest, the remainder; de reliquo, Cic; re-
liqua belli perficere, Liv. ; esp., reliquum est ut,
foil, by subj. only, it remains that, Cic. ; re-
liquum est with inlin., Cic. ; nihil est reliqui,
nothing remains, Cic. ; reliquum facere, to leave
remaining ; nullum munus cuique reliquum
fecisti, thou- hast left no duty unperformed, Cic. ;
nihil reliqui facere, to leave nothing remaining,
Cic. B. Esp., 1, t. t. of business language, out-
standing (of a debt), remaining; pecuniam
reliquam ad diem solvere, Cic; subst., reli-
quuni -i, n. and plur., reliqua -drum, n.
what is outstanding, remaining; quum tanta
reliqua sunt, Cic; 2, of time, remaining, future ;
gloria, Cic. ; in reliquum tempus, Cic. II.
Transf., that which is left of a whole when the part
is taken away, remaining ; reliqua pars exercitus,
Caes. ; reliqui omnes, all the rest, Cic
relligio, relligiosus, etc. = religio, etc.
(q.v ).
relliquiae — reliquiae (q.v.).
reluceo -luxi, 2. to gleam back, to glitter,
shine, Cic.
relucesco -luxi, 3. (inchoat. of reluceo), to
become bright again, begin to shine again; imago
solis reluxit, 6v.
reluctor, 1. dep. to strive against, struggle
against ; draco, Hor.
remacresco -crfii, 3. to grow thin again,
Suet.
remaledico, 3. to revile again, Suet.
remando, 3. to chew the cud, ruminate,
Plin.
1 rcmaneo -manai -mansum, 2. to remain be-
hind, remain. I. Gen., Romae, Cic; in exercitu,
Cic; ad urbeni, Cae3.; domi, Cic; apud aliquem,
Cues. II. Esp., to remain, abide, continue; 1,
lit., aniini remanent post mortem, Cic. ; 2, to
remain in a certain condition; pars Integra re-
manebat, Cic.
remano, 1. to flow back, Lucr.
remansio -onis, f. (remaneo), a remaining,
continuing in one place, Cic.
remedium -'.i, n. (re and medeor). I. a
means of healing, a cure, remedy, medicine;
remedium quoddam habere, Cic. ; remedio quo-
dam uti, Cic; remedio esse, Cic. II. Transf., a
means of assistance or relief, a remedy; injuriae
tuae, Cic ; remedia incommodorum, Cic. ; ad
magnitudinem frigorum hocsibi remedium com-
parare, Cic
remeo, 1. to go bade, come back, return;
remeat victor, Verg. ; aer, Cic; with ace, nrbes,
Verg. ; aevum peractum, to live over again, Hor.
remetior -incnaua sum, 4. to measure over
again, measure back. I. Gen., astra rite, to
observe carefully, Verg. II. to go back, Plin. ;
in pass, meaning, iter retro pari ratione re-
wensum est, has been traversed, Lucr.
remex -migis, m. (rcmus and ago), a rower,
Cic ; collectively = remiges, the crew of rowers,
Verg.
Re mi (Rhemi) -drain, m. a people of N.
Gaul, between the Matrona (Maine) a?i4 the Arona
(Aisne), whence modern Jlheims; sing., Iecius
Remus, Caes.
remigatio -Onis, f. (remigo), a rowing, Cic.
remiglum -li, n. (remex). I. rowing. A.
Lit., Ov. II. Melon., A. the oars; a, lit.,
Verg.; b, transf., of the oar-like motion of
wings, reinigio alarum, Verg. B. the crew of
rowiirs, the oarsmen, Liv.
i" remigo, 1. (remex), to row, Cic.
remigro, 1. to wander back, come back, re-
turn. I. Lit., in domum suani, Cic. ; Romam,
Cic. II. Fig., ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut
ad justitiam remigraret, Cic.
reminiscor, 3. dep. to call to mind. recoUect,
remember; absol., '•: quaestoribus reminiscentem
reconlari, Cic ; with genit., veteris incommodi
populi Roniani, Caes. ; with ace, eas res, Cic. ;
with rel. sent., quae tradantur mysteriis, Cic.
remiscco -miscui -mistum (-mixtum), 2. to
mix, mix up, mingle; Lydis remixtum carmen
tibiis, Hor.
remisse, adv. (remissus). I. loosely ; orati-
onem non astricte, sed reinissius nuinerosani
esse oportere, Cic. II. gently, mildly; reinissius
disputare, Cic.
remissio -onis, f. (remitto). I. sending back;
obsidum captivorumque, Liv. II. a letting
down. A. Lit., 1, a letting fall, lowering; super-
cilioruin, Cic; 2, letting fall, lowering, sinking ;
vocis contentiones et remissiones, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, breaking off, interrupting, ceasing;
morbi, Cic ; usus, Cic ; 2, a remitting ; tributi
in triennium, Tac. ; 3, remissio animi ; a, re-
laxation, recreation, Cic; b ; quiet, tranquillity;
in acerbissima injuria remissio animi ac disso-
lutio, Cic. ; c, mildness, Cic.
rimissus -a -um, p. adj. (from remitto), re-
hixcd, languid. I. Lit, corpora, Cic II. Fig.,
A. In a bad sense, negligent, remiss, inactive;
animus, Cic ; te remissiorem in petendo, Cic.
B. In a good sense ; 1, less severe ; ventus re-
missior, Caes.; frigoraremissiora, Caes.; 2, mild,
gentle, Cic; 3, cheerful, merry, lively; homo,
Cic. ; .jocr.s, Cic.
remitto -ralsi -missum, 3. I. to send back,
send ; mulieres Romam, Cic. ; obsides alicui,
Caes. ; nuntiuin, to send a divorce to, Cic. ; so 1,
to throw back; pila, Caes. ; 2, to give back, re-
turn ; alicui beneficium, Caes. ; 3, to give back
from oneself; a, vocem nemora remittunt, echo,
Verg.; b, to cause, produce ; atramenta remittunt
labem, Hor. II. to let go back, relax; habenas,
Cic. ; frena equo, Ov. ; arcum, Hor. ; so 1, to
let sink down; brachia, Verg.; tunica remlssa,
Ov. ; 2, to loosen; vincula, Ov.; esp., a, to make
liquid (again); calor mella liquefacta remittit,
Verg. ; b, to free; vere remissus ager, freed from
ice and snow, Ov. ; o, to cause to relax, to relieve,
release, abate ; spes animos a certamine remisit,
Liv. ; sc remittcre, to leave off work, refresh one-
self, Nep. ; cantus remittunt animum, relieve,
enliven the mind, Cic; reflex., se remittere, or
sinqily remittere, to abate, become milder, cease;
quum remiserant dolores, Cic. ; ventus remisit,
Caes. ; 3, to give free scope to; animi appetitus,
qui turn remi'tterentur, turn continerentur, Cic ;
4, to give up, to allow, forego, concede, grant ;
a, omnia ista concedam et remittain, Cic. ; pro-
vineiain remitto, cxercitum depono, Cic ; b, to
renounce some work, punishment, etc, to remit,
forego, give up; navem in triennium, Cic;
Erycis tibi terga remitto. mate no use of, Verg.;
rein
480
ran
fnimicilias suas reipublicae, LiV. ; c, to abate,
slop ; de celeritate, Cic. ; aliquantum, Cic; aliquid
de severitate cogendi, Cic.
rSmollor, 4. dep. to press back, push back,
wove back ; pondera terrae, Ov-
remollesco, 3. to become soft again. I. Lit.,
rera remollescit sole. Ov. II. Kg., a, to be
moved by; precibus, Ov. ; b, to become, effeminate ;
«a re ad laborem feiendum remolleacere homines,
Caes.
rSmoUIo, 4. to make soft again; fig., to
make effeminate, to weaken ; artus, Ov.
remdra -ae, f. a delay, hindrance, Plant.
rcmoramen -Inis, n. (remoror), a delay, Ov.
remordSo -mordi -morsum, 2. to bite again ;
fig., to annoy, disquiet, harass; te curaremordet,
Verg.
remoror, l. dej>. I. Intransit., to remain
behind, delay, dally, linger, loiter ; in Italia, Liv.
II. Transit., to delay, obstruct, hinder; aliquem,
Cic. ; iter alicuius, Sail.
remote, adv. (remotus), afar off, at a dis-
tance ; aliae (stellae) propius a tenia, aliae re-
motins eadem spatia conlieiunt, Cic.
remotio -i5nis, f. (reinoveo), a putting away,
removing ; criminis, repelling, Cic.
remotus -a -urn, p. adj. (from reinoveo). I.
Lit., distant, afar off, remote; locus ab arbitria
remotus, Cic. ; loci remoti a mari, Cic. II.
Fig., removal from ; a,, free from; ab suspicione
remotissimus, Cic; a vulgari scientia reinotiora,
Cic; b, disinclined to, ai'erse from ; ab inani
laude remotus, Cic. ; c, subst., r<5mota -Orum,
n. = anoTTporryiieva, of the Stoics, things to be
rejected, Cic.
r&mdvSo -mOvi -mOtum, 2. to move bad-,
remove, take away, put away; peeora, Caes.;
arbiti09, Cic. ; aliquid ex oratione, Cic. ; aliquid
Ue medio, Cic. ; aliquid ab oculis, Cic. ; eqnos
ex conspectn, Caes. ; nliquem a repnb'.ica, to de-
prive ,o/ political rights, Cic; aliquem senatn,
Liv. ; removere se nrtibus, Cic.
rSmuglo, 4. I. to bellow again, bellow back;
ad verba alicuius, Ov. II. Transf., toroar back,
resound, echo; vox assensu nemoraiu ingeminata
remugit, Verg.
remulceo -miilsi -mulsum, 2. to stroke back;
caudam, Verg.
r^mulcum -i, n. (pv^ovAKe'w, for pvnw H\ku>),
a tow-rope, towing cable; navem remulco adduc-
ere, Caes.
R6mulus -i, m. I. a king in Alba, Ov. II.
the name of a hero, Verg.
remuneratio -onis, f. (r mnneror), a re-
compense, repaying, return; benevolentiue, Cic;
ofneiorum, Cic.
rSmuneror, 1. dep. to recompense, repay, re-
ward ; (a) with ace. of pers., aliquem similliino
munere, Cic ; aliquem magno praemio, Caes.
(fl) with are. of thing, benellcia alicuius ofllciis,
Cic. ; (y) absol., in accipiendo remunerandoque,
Cic.
Rcmurla = Lemuria, v. Lemures.
reaiurmuro, 1. to murmur against, murmur
hack ; nee fracta remurinurat unda, Verg.
1. remus -i, m. (fpeT/uds), an oar. I. A.
Lit., naviginm remis incitare, Caes.; prov.,
remis veniisque, or ventis remis, by oars and
sails, by all means in our power; res velis, ut
alunt, remisque fugienda, Cic. B. Fig., ora-
tlonem dialecticorum remis propellere, Cic. II.
Transf., remi, the hands and feet of a person
swimming, Ov. ; of the wings of a bird, alarum
remis, Ov.
2. RSmus -i, m. the twin brother of llomuhis,
first king of Rome, who slew him in u dispute
respecting the foundation of the city.
3. Remus, v. Remi.
renarro, 1. to relate again ; fata divuin,
Verg.
ronascor -natus sum, 3. dep. to be bom
again, ((rise, grui<- again. I. Lit., pinnae renasc-
untur, Cic. II. Transf., a, of conci'., ab
secunda origine velut ab stirpibus laetius feraei-
usque renata urbs, Liv. ; b, of al.str., bellum
istuc renatum, Cic.
rSnavigo, 1. to sail back; in liaec regna,
Cic.
reneo, 2. to unspin, unravel that which has
been spun ; dolent fila reneri, that the destiny is
reversed, Ov.
renes -urn and -ium, m. the kidneys, Cic.
renldCO, 2. I. to shine, gleam, back, to
glitter, be bright, to shimmer; pma nocturno
renidet lima mari, Hor.; non ebur neque aureutn
mea renidet in donio lacunar, Hor. II. Mcton.,
to beam with joy, be joyful, cheerful, to Uiugh, and
in a bad sense to laugh scornfully, to grin ; homo
renidens, Liv. ; adjecisse jiraedani torquibus
exiguis renidet, Hor.
renidesco, 3. (renideo), to glitter, Luer.
rSnitor, 3. dep. to oppose, withstand, resist,
Liv.
1. reno, 1. to swim back, Hor.
2. reno (rheno) -5llis, m. an animal oj
northern Europe, perhaps the reindeer, Caes.
r£nodo, 1. to unbind, untie ; comani, Hor.
renovamen -Inis, n. (renovo), a reneival,
new condition, Ov.
renovatlo -onis, f. (renovo), « renewing,
renewal, renovation. I. Lit., inundi, Cic; esp.,
renovatio singulorum annorum, compound in-
terest, Cic. II. Transf., renovatio timoris, Cic.
rSnSvo, 1. to renew, renovate, restore. I.
Lit., templum, Cic. ; agrum aratro, to plough
land that has been left fallow for some time, Ov. ;
esp., fenus in singnlos annos, to reckon com-
pound interest, Cic. ; eentesimae quotannis re-
nova tae, Cic. II. Transf., a, to renew; scelus
suum illud pristinum, Cic. ; bellum, Caes. ; ex
morbo velut renovatus llos jnventae, Liv. ;
animos a<l odium renovare, to inflame afresh to,
Cic. ; b, to renew in. thought or words, to repeat,
recall ; renovabo illud quod initio dixi, Cic. ; c,
to refresh, restore, renew in strength ; reficere et
renovare rempublicain, Cic.
renumero, l. to count over, pay, pay back,
repay, Plant.
renuntiatlo -onis, f. (renuntio), a. proclama-
tion, declaration, public announcement ; with
subject, genit., eius, Cic; with object, genit.,
sull'ragiorum, Cic.
rSnuntio (renuncio), l. I. to bring bach
word, report, announce; a, gen. with ace, with
de and the abl., with ace and inlin., with a depend.
rel. sent., asaentior renuntioque vobis nihil
esse quod, etc, Cic. ; rennntiatuni est de obitu
Tulliae filiae tuae, I was informed, up. Cic; b,
to make an official announcement or declaration,
to report; aliquid ad senatum, Cic. ; c, to make
a thing publicly known, to announce, e.g., the
election of a consul, etc., to proclaim; with
double ace, L. Murenaui consnlem, Cic. ; or in
pass, with double noin., sacerdos Climachias
renuntiatus est, Cic. II. to disclaim, refuse, re-
nounce ; amicitiam nlieui, Liv.; hospitium alicui,
Cic. ; deeisionem tutoribns, Cic.
renuntius -li, in. one who brings back word,
a reporter, Plaut.
ren
491
rep
rcniio -nui, 3. to deny by a motion of the head,
to re/ate, deny, disapprove, reject; renuit negi-
tatque Sabellus, Hor. ; with dat, lmic decern
millium crimini, to deny, Cic; with ace, nullum
convivium, to decline, Cic.
renuto, 1. (intens. of renuo), to refuse, deny,
decline, Lucr.
renutus, abl. -Q, m. (renuo), a denial, re-
fusal, Plin.
rSor, ratua sum, 2. dep. (root RE, Or, PE-cu,
1 say), to think, be of opinion, suppose, judge ; (a),
with ace. and intin. or with intln. alone, rentur
eo3 esse, quales se ipsi velint, Cic. ; rebantur
enim fore ut, etc., Cic. ; (j3) with double ace, alii
rem ineredibilcm rati, Ball. ; (y) absol., reor in
parenthesis, nam, reor, uullus posset esso ju-
cundior, Cic.
repagula -orum, n. (repango). I. the barrier
in a circus or racecourse to keep in the horses, Ov.
II. the bars or bolts fastening a door; convulsis
repngulis, Cic; iig., omnia repagula pudoria
omciique perfringere, restraints, limits, Cic.
repandus -a -urn, bent backwards, turned
%ip ; calcooli, Cic.
rcparabilis -e (reparo), that can be repaired
or restored ; damnum, Ov.
rSparco (reperco), 3. to spare, refrain
from, abstain from; id facere, Lucr.
reparo, 1. I. to prepare anew, repair, re-
store, renew. A. Gen., perdere videbatur, quod
repararo posset, Cic. ; vires, Ov. ; tribunic-
iain potestatem, Liv. B. Esp., to fill up, com-
plete ; exercitum, Liv. ; damna caelestia lunae,
Hor. ; cornua (of the moon), Ov. II. to barter
for, purchase with; viua Syri reparata merce,
Hor.
repastlnatio -onia, f. (repastino), a digging
up again, Cic. ,-
repastino, 1. to dig, trench, delve again,
Plin.
repecto -pexua, 3. to comb again; coma
repexa, Ov.
r&pedo, 1. (pes), to go back, retreat, Lucr.
repello, r£puli (reppuli) -pulsum, 3. I. to
drive back, drive away. A. Lit., homines a
templi aditu, Cic. ; aliquem ex urbe, Cic. ; hoates
in silvas, Caes. B. Fig., to drive away, banish,
repel; vim vi, Cic. ; dolorem a se, Cic. ; aliquem
a spe, deprive of hope, Caes. II. to push back,
repulse. A. Lit., repagula, Ov. ; aliquem a
geuibua, Cic. ; tellurem (sc. a niari), to sail aivay
from, Ov. ; amnes Oceani pede repellere, to
spurn (of a star rising from the sea), Verg. B.
Fig., 1, criminationea, to refute, Cic. ; 2, to
spurn, scorn, repel ; connubia, Verg. ; preces,
Ov. ; repulsi sunt ii, quos, etc., Cic.
rependo -pendi -pensum, 3. I. to weigh
back again ; pnnsa, to return an equal weight of,
Ov. II. to weigh against. A. Lit., 1, anruin
pro capite, Cic; 2. to ransom; miles auro re-
pensus, Hor. B. Transf., to repay, recompense,
requite, ; gratiam, Ov. ; si magna rependam,
Verg. ; protium vitae, Prop. ; damna formao
ingenio, make up for, Ov.
repens -entis (pen-id, i.e., vergo). I. sudden,
■unexpected; adventus, Cic; adv., repens alia
nuntiatur clades, Liv. II. (In Tacitus only),
new, fresh, recent; perfldia, Tac.
repenso, 1. (intens. of rependo), to repay, re-
quite, recompense, make up for, Sen.
repente, adv. (repens), suddenly, unex-
pectedly, Cic.
repentinus -a -um (repens), sudden, un-
looked for, unexpected; amor, Cic; adventus,
Caes. ; venenum, quick-working, Tac. ; ignoti
16
homines et repentini, upstarts, Cic. Bfence,
adv., repentino, suddenly, unexpectedly, Cic
repercussio -onis, f. (repercutio), a rebound-
ing, Sen.
repercussus -Da, ni. (repercutio), arebound-
ing, reverberation (of sound, etc.), echo, reflec-
tion; quo pleuior et gravior vox rcpercussu in-
tumescat, Tac
repercutio -cussi -cussum, 3. to strike back,
drive back, cause to rebound (of sound, etc.): •
discus repercussus in aiira, Ov. ; esp., pass., . ;
repercutl, to bound back, and repercussus, bound- J
ing back ; a, of sound, to re-echo ; valles reper-
cussao (clamoribus), Liv. ; b, of light, to be re-
flected ; lumen aquae sole repercussuin, Verg.
reperio, rfipfiri (reppSri) -pertum (re and
PER-io, cf. comperio), 4. to find, meet again. I.
Lit, mortui sunt repertl, Cie. II. Fig., A. 1,
to reveal, discover, ascertain, find out; causas
duas, Cic ; neque reperire poterat quanta esset,
etc., Caea. ; in pass, with double liom., to be
found out — to appear ; Stoici inopes reperiuntur,
Cic. ; improbus reperiebare, Cic. ; with ace. and
int\n.=to find out, as stated in history ; quern
Tarentum venl8sc L. Camillo Appio Claudio con-
sulibua reperio, Liv ; in pass, witli nom. and
infln., in Italiae partes Pythagoraa venisse re-
peritur, Cic; 2, to find, acquire, gain; sibi
salutem, Caea. ; uomen ex invontore, Cic. B.
to find out something new, discover, invent ; nihil
novi, Cic. ; viam qui, etc., Cic.
repertor -Oris, m. (reperio), a discoverer, in-
ventor ; medicinae, Verg. ; hominum rerumque,
Jupiter, Verg.
ropertus -a -um, partic. of reperio.
repStontia -ae, f. (rcpeto), a recollection,
remembrance, Lucr. (?) .. ,
repetitio -Onia, f. (repeto), repetition; a,
eiusdem verb! crebra repetitio, Cic ; b, as a
figure of speeeh — avafyopi, the repetition of the
same word at the beginning of several sentences,
Cic.
repStitor -5ria, m. (repeto), one who reclaims
ov demands back again; nuptae adeinptae, Cic.
repeto -ivi and -Ii -itum, 3. I. to strive after
again. A. to attack again, fall upon again;
rogein repetitum saepius cuspide, Liv. B. to go
to again, turn to again, return to ; castra, Cic ;
retro in Asiam, Liv. II. Transf., A. to ask
back or again; 1, to ask again or anew, ask for ;
Galium ab eodem repetit, Caes. ; 2, to ask back,
demand back; promissa, Cic. ; Salaminii Homer-
um repetunt, claim as their countryman, Cic;
peeunias ercptas, Cic; esp., a, res repetere, to
demand satisfaction of an enemy (used of the
Fetiales), Cic; b, todemand back again,; res, t*>
demand nie's own property from a legal tribunal,
Cic. ; pecuniae repetundae, or simply repe-
tundae, money extorted from the provinces by their
governors; meton., extortion; lex repetundarum
pecuniarum, de pecuniis repetundis, law against
extortion, Cic. ; 3, to demand as one's right ; jus
suum, Cic. ; rationemab aliquo, Cic. B. to fitch
back; 1, a, to fetch a fresh ; alii(elephanti)repetiti
ac trajecti suut, Liv. ; b, to renew, begin again ;
pugnam, Liv. ; studia, Caes. ; partic, repetitus,
poet., as an adv. = anew, afresh; repetita
robora caedit, Ov. ; c, to think over again, recall,
remember ; rei memoriam, Cic; 2, to repeat by
words or writing ; repete quae coepisti, Cic. ;
3, to trace back from antiquity, deduce, fetch;
originem domus, Verg.; aliquid alte, et a capite,
Cic. ; haec tarn longe repetita principia, Cic. ;
4, to regain, recover; libertatem, Liv.; 5, to
reckon again; repetitis et enumerates diebus,
Caes.
repctundae, v. repeto. i ,
rep
482
v&p
repled -plSvi -pletum, 2. to fill again, fill
up. X. Lit, exhaustas clomos, complete, make
qood, Cic. ; eonsumpta, Cic ; exercitura, Liv.
II. to make fall, fill, satisfy. A. corpora carne,
Ov. ; exercituin frumento, supply with, Cacs. ;
fig., repleriscientiS juris, Cic. ;lience, ropletus
-a -um, filled, full; lit. and fig., tenipla, Cic.
B. to infect ; ut curantes eftdem vi morbi repletos
sccum traherent, Liv.
repletus -a -um, partlc of repleo (q.v.).
replicatio -Onis, f. (replico), a rolling again,
rolling round; ut replicatione quSdam mundi
inotum regat atque tueatur, Cic
replico, 1. to fold back, unroll ; fig., tounfold,
unroll, turn over; memoriam temporutn, Cic. ;
meraoriam annalium, Cic. ; temporia primum
quidque replicans, Cic.
repo.repsi.reptum, 3. (root REP, Gr. EPIT ),
to creep, crawl; 1, lit., cochleae inter saxa re-
pentes, Sail.; 2, transf., of slow travellers, II or.;
of clouds, Lucr. ; fire, Liter. ; 3, fig., sermones
repentes per liunium, a vulgar, prosaic style,
Hor.
repono -poafli -pOsItum (-postum), 3. I. to
place back, put behind ; 1, cerviceni, to bend back,
Lucr. ; 2, to lay up in store, lay by, preserve ; pec-
uniam in thesauris, Liv.; arma, Caes. ; fig., haec
sensibus imis reponas, impress deep in, Verg. ;
3, to lay aside, put on cne side; tela, Ov.; fac-
ieinque deae vestetnqne, Verg. ; falcein arbusta
reponunt, make unnecessary, Verg.; transf., to
give up; caestum artemqne, Verg. ; 4, to bury,
lay in the earth.; tellure repostos, Verg. II. to
place a thing back in its former place, put back,
restore ; 1, columnas, Cic. ; lapidem suo loco,
Cic. ; se in cubitum, recline at table again, begin
to eat, Hor. ; 2, to place on the table again; plena
pocula, Verg. ; 3, to restore a thing to its former
conditioyi ; robora flaramisambesa, Verg. ; lience,
to restore a pmon; aliquem in sceptra, Verg.; 4,
to bring on theboardsagain, represent again ; i'ahnl-
am, Hot, III. to place one thing against another,
in the place of another ; 1, to put in theplaceof; te
meas epistolas delere, ut reponas trots, Cic. ; 2,
to ansicer again ; ne tibi ego idem reponam,
Cic. ; 3, to requite, return ; haec pro vlrginitate
reponit, Verg. IV. tn place in or on; 1, lit.,
quae sacra quaedam moro Atheniensium vir-
ginum rcposita in capitibus sustinebant, Cic. ;
2, transf., a, sidera in numero deoruni, Cic. ;
b, to pkice, cause to rest ; spent in virtute, Caes.;
causam totain iu judicum liumanitate, Cic.
reporto, 1. to bear back, bring back, carry
back. I. Lit., A- exercituin Britannia, Cic;
militcs navibus in Siciliam, Caes. B. to bring
back, to bring back home, as victor, nihil ex
praeda domum, Cic. ; victoriam, non pacem
domum, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to bring back, de-
liver ; adytis haec trlstia dicta, Verg.; 2, to
bring to a person ; alieui solatium aliquod, Cic
reposeo, 3. I. to ask back again, demand
back; anna, Ov. ; alter a we Catilinam, alter
Cethegunt reposcebat, Cic. ; with double ace, to
ask back something from a person ; aliquem simul-
acrum, Cic. ; Partltos signa, Verg. II. to de-
mand as a right, claim: regent ad supplicium,
Verg.; ab aliquo rationem vltae, Cic; with
double ace, quos i 11 i poenas {asa punishment)
rcposcent, verg.
reposltorlum -li, n. (repono), a tray, waiter,
stand, PUn.
reposttus (rSpostus) -a -tun. I. Pnrtic.
of repono. II. P. adj., remote, distant; terr.ie
repostae, Verg.
repostor -Oris, m. (repono). a restorer; tern-
plorum, Ov.
repotia -Orum, n. (re and poto), a drink*
ino, revelling the day after an entertainment,
Hon
repraesentatio -onis, f. (repraesento). L
a representation, a lively description, Plin. II.
payment in cash, Cic.
repraesento, 1. I, to represent, make pre-
sent to the imagination, bring before the viind,
show, make manifest ; a, quod ipsum teniplum
repraesentabat memoriam consulates mei, Cic. ;
b , to express, imitate ; virtutem moresque Catonis,
Hor. II. to perform immediately, hasten ; a,
se repraesentaturum id, etc, Caes. ; niedicinam,
use directly, Cic. ; diem promissorum, Cic ; si
repraescntari morte mea libertas civltatis pos3et,
brought about at once, Cic. ; b, esp. t. t. of com-
mercial language, to pay cash, pay ready money ;
pecuniam, Cic.
reprehendo -prShendi -prghensum, 3. and
reprendo -prendi -piensum, 3. to catch, to
hold back,' to seize, hold fast, detain. I. Lit.,
quosilam nianu, Liv , fig., revocnt virtus vel
potius reptehendit tnanu, Cic. II. Fig. A.
Gen., genus pecuniae, Cic B. Esp., 1, to blame,
censure, reprove, reprehend; aliquem, Cic; ali-
quem in eo quod, etc, Cic ; id in mereprehendis,
Cic ; 2, rhet. t. t., to refute, Cic
reprehensio -onis, f. (reprehendo). I. a
holding back ; lig., a stopping eir check in speaking ;
sine reprehensione, Cic. II. Esp., 1, blame,
censure, reprehension ; cnlpae, vitae, Cic; plur.,
Cic ; 2, rhet. f. t., a refuting, refutation, Cic.
rcprehenso, 1. (freq. of reprehendo), to
hold back eagerly, to holdfast; singulos, Liv.
reprShcnsor -Oris, m. (reprehendo). I.
a eensurer, reprover, Cic. II. an improver, re-
former ; comitioi'um, Cic.
repressor -oris, m. (rcprimo), a represser
rcstrainer; caedis quotidianao, Cic.
reprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (re and premo),
to hold back, restrain, hinder, repress. I, Lit.,
lacum Albanum, Cic. ; dextram, Verg. ; retro
pedein, Verg. ; represso jam Lucterio ac remoto
(in battle), Caes. ;(Mithridatem)repressum magna
ex parte, non opprcssnm, Cic. II. Fig., to keep
under, check, curb, restrain, repress ; a, of things,
furorem exsultaiitcm, Cic. ; animi incitationetn
atque alacritatem, Caes. ; conatusalicuius, Cic. ;
b. of persons as objects, se, to restrain oneself,
Cic ; coneitatam liiultitudincm, Cic.
reprobo, 1. to disapprove, Cic.(?)
repromisslo -onis, f. (repromitto), a coun-
ter-promise, Cic.
repromitto -mlsi -mlssum, 3. to make it,
counter-promise, to promise in return, Cic.
reptatio -Onis, f. (repto), a creeping, crawl-
ing, Qui nt.
reptatus -us, m. (repto), a creeping (of
plants), Plin.
repto, 1. (intens. of repo), to creep, crawl,
applied to slow walkers or travellers, Hor.
rcpiidlatio -Onis, f. (repudio), a refused, re-
jecting, disdaining; suppllcum, Cic.
repudio, 1. (repudium). I. to refuse, reject,
disdain ; cuius vote et precesa vestris mentibus
repudiare debetia, Cic ; pacem, Cic. ; condition-
em aequissimam, Cic. II. Esp. of married or be-
trothed persons, to repudiate, divorce, separate
oneself from ; oxorem, Suet.
repudium ii, n. (re and pes, as tripudium
from terra and pes), a separation betioeenmarrted
or betrothed persons, repudiation, divorce; alieui
repudium rrmin'iare, or remittere, to s'iu! a
divorce to, Plant. ; repudium dicere, Tac
rep «
repuerasco, 3. to hecome a boy again, to
Sport, frolic like a child, Cic
repugnans, p. adj. (from repugno), con-
trary, opposed; subst., repugnantla -Inm,n.
contradictory things, Cic.
repUgnantOT,adv.(repugnans),u»KiiKinfll2/,
with repugnance, Cic.
repugnantia -ae, f. (repugno). I. resist-
ance., means of resistance; natura banc dedit re-
pugnantiamapibus, Plin. II. Fig., a contrariety,
discordance (opp. concordia); rerum, Cic.
1 repugno, 1. to oppose, resist, withstand. I.
Lit., uostri priiuo fortiter repugnare, Caes. II.
Trans)'., A. Gen., to be opposed to, to oppose, re-
sist ; contra veritatem, Caes. ; quum hnic (cupid-
itati) obseoutus sis, illi est repugnandura, Cic. ;
non repugno, foil, by quominus and sub.j., Cic.
B. Esp., to be naturally opposed or repugnant to,
to be inconsistent with, incompatible with; simul-
atio amicitiae repugnat maxiine, Cic. ; haec inter
se quam repngncnt, plerique non vident, Cic.
repulliilo, 1. to sprout out again, Plin.
repulsa -ae, f. (repello). I. a repulse in
soliciting a u office, a rejection ; repulsa ccnsulatus,
Cic. ; aedilicia, Cic. ; a pnpulo repulsam ferre,
oraccipere, Cic. II. Transf., a denial, refusal;
amor ereseit dolore repulsae, Ov.
repulso, 1. (intens. of repello), to beat back:
I. colles verba repulsantes, echoing, Luer. II.
to repel again and again; vera rcpulsaus pectus
verba, Lucr.
1. repulsus -a -urn, p. adj. with compar.
(repello), removed; quod proc.ul a vera nimis
est rationo repulsum, Lucr.
2. repulsus -us, in. (repello), a striking bad:,
hence, the reflection of light, echoing of sound ;
durioris materiae, resistance, Cic.
repuiuioatio -Onis, f. (re and pumico), a
rubbing down again, repolishing, Plin.
repungo, 3. to prick again, goad again; fig.,
leviter illorum animos, Cic.
repurgo, 1. to cleanse again. I. A. Lit.,
iter, Liv. ; humuni saxia, Ov. B. Transf.,
caelum, Ov. II. Meton., to clear away, purge
out ; quieqnid in Aenea fuerat mortale repurgat,
Ov.
rcputat'io -5nis, f. (reputo), a consideration,
reflecting -upon, pondering, Tac.
reputo, 1. I. to reckon, count, compute; ex
hoc. die superlores solis defectiones usque ad
illam quae, etc., Cic. II. Transf., to think over,
consider, ponder ; liorum nihil nmquam, Cic. ;
with ace. and infm., cum tibi nihil merito ac-
cidisse reputabis, Cic. ; with depend, interrog.
sent., quid ille vellet, Cic.
requies -etis, f. rest, repose. I. Lit., non
labor meus, non requies, Cic; curarum, Cic;
animi et corporis, Cic. II. Meton., a resting-
place. Hor. (dat. not used, ace, requietem and
requiem, Cic; abl., requiete, Cic. poet.; ro-
quie, Ov.).
requiesco -qulevi -quIStum, 3. to rest, re-
pose. I. Lit., A. Gen., 1, of persons, in sella,
Cic ; sub umbra, Verg. ; a muncribusreipublicae,
Cic ; 2, of things, vixdiwn requiesse aures n
atrepitu 'et tumultu hostili, Liv. ; requiescit
vitis in ulmo, rests upon, is supported by, Cic.
B. Esp., 1, to rest, to sleep ; leeto, Prop.; 2, to
rest in the grave ; in sepulehro requiescere mort-
uum, Cic II. Transf., to repose, find rest;
animus ex multis miseriis atque periculis re-
quievit, Sail. ; in spe huins, Cic. (syncop. perf.
fornf, rcquierunt, Verg. ; requiesse, Cic).
requiotus -a -um, p. adj. (from requiesco),
rested, refreshed; miles, Liv. ; ager, fallow, Ov.
3 re9
requiritd, 1. (intens. of require), to inqUiit
after, Plant.
rfiqulro-qulsivi -quisltum, 3. (re and quaerrt).
I. to seek, search for again. A. Lit., libros, Cic.
B. Transf., 1, to miss, need, feci the. want of;
majorum pruaentiain in aliqu.i re, Cic. ; sub-
sidia belli, Cic; 2, to demand, to desire, con-
sider necessary; virtus nullam voluptatem re-
quirit, Cic. ; in lioc bello virtutesmultae requir-
imtur, Cic II. to ask for, inquire after. A.
Gen., domuin alicuius, Cic; quae a me de
Vatinio'requiris, Cic; quoniam nihil ex te hi
majorcs natu requirunt, Cic. ; with depend, te-
tcrrog., illud quoquo requirit, qua rationo feeeriT,
Cic. B. to investigate ; rationes, Cic.
requisitum -i, n. (requiro), need, necessity,
Sail.
res, rSi, f. (connected with PE -u, whence
pjjua), a thing, object, matter, affair, circuvistance.
I. Gen., diviiiaehuinanaeque res, natura rernm,
the world, Cic. ; genit, rerun), pleonastic, Acta
rernm, Hor. ; nbdita reram, Hor. ; rernm, used
to strengthen a superl., rernm pulcherrima,
Roma, Verg. ; si res postulabit, if the position oj
affairs shall require, Cic ; homines nulla, re bona
digni, good for nothing, Cic. ; re nata, Cic. ; pro
re, according to circumstances, Liv.; res populi
Romani perscribere, to narrate the affairs of- the
Roman people, write the history of Home, Liv.
II. Esp., A. Emphatic, the thing itself, the real
thing, the reality; rem opinor spectari oportere,.
non verba, Cic; lios deos non re, sed opinione
esse, Cic ; quantum distet argunientatio ab re
ipsa atque a veritate, Cic. ; et re vera, and
in truth, Cic B. possessions, property, wealth;
rem facere, Hor.; atigerc, Cic; plur., privalae
res, Cic. C. interest, advantage, benefit; con-'
sulerc suis rebus, Nep. ; in rem suam conyertere,
Cic; o or ex ro publica (to the advantage of the.
state) feeisso, Cic ; ducere, Liv. ; ex or e re
publica est, with ace and infill.',- it is for the
public bene/it, Cic. ; ex re inea, to my advantage,
Cic. D. ground, reason, only in the phrases,
ea (h5c) re, ob earn (banc)" rem, on this ac-
count, on that account, Cic. E. a matter of busi-
ness, an affair ; rem cum aliquo transigere, Gic ;
de tota ilia rationo atque re Gallieana, Cic;
transf, res (alicui) est cum aliquo, toliave to
do with; tecum mini res est, T. Rosci, quoniam,
etc, Cic F. a lawsuit, cause, action ; utrum
rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. G. res publica,
and (in histor.) simply res ; a, res publica, the
republic, the state, commonwealth , government;
rem publican) snstinere, Cic. ; b, simply refe,
res Romaua, the Roman slate, Liv.
resacro, 1. to free from a curse, Nep.
resaevio, 4. to rage again, Ov.
resalutatio -onis, f. (resaluto), a greeting in
return, Suet.
resaluto, 1. to salute again, return a greet-
ing to; aliquom, Cic.
resanesco -saniii, 3. to become sound again.
to heal again, Ov.
resarcio -sarsi -sartum, 4. to 'patch again,
mend again, repair. I. Lit., tccta, Liv. II.
Fig., to repair, restore; dctriinontum, Cnes.
rescindo -scidi -scissum, 3. to tear off again,
tear awau again, cut of, cut away. I. A. Lit,
vallum ac loricam falcibus, Caes. ; pontem, to
break away, Caes. ; latobram teli. to cut ope*,
Verg.; vulnus, to open again, Ov.; and fig., luctus
obductos, to renew, Ov. B. Meton., hence, to
open; locum urmatum, Cic. II. Transf., to re-
scind, repeal, abrogate a law, decree, etc. ; acta
M. Antonii, Cic. ; totam triennii praeturam, Cic.
rescisco -scivi and -scli -scitum, 3. to And
out, ascertain; quum id rescierit, Cic. .. ■
res
484
rc3
rescribo -scripsi -scriptum, 3. I. to write
tgain, to write anew; ex eodem milite nova3
legiones, to enrol again, Liv. II. to write back,
answer in writing; 1, ad aliquem, Cic. ; alicui,
Cie. ; 2, littoris, ad litteras, or ad epistolam,
Cic. ; of the emperor, to answer a petition, or
inquiry in writing, Suet. ; hence, rescriptum
•i, n. ait imperial rescript, Tac. III. a, In book-
keeping, to enter to the credit of an account, to
pay, rejmy ; rellqua reacribamus, Cic; quod tu
nuiuquam rescribero (pay again) possis, Hor. ;
b, to transfer from one class of soldiers la another ;
ad eqmun, jostingly, with a double meaning, to
■mala cavalry and to place in the order of knights,
Caes.
resSco -sSeui -sectum, 1. to cut of. I. Lit ,
linguam, Cic. ; partem de tcrgore, Ov. II.
Transf., to cut off, put away, remove; libidinem,
Cic. ; spem longain, Hor.
reseoro, 1. (re and sacro), to adjure repeat-
edly, implore again and again, Plant, (another
form resaero, q.v.).
resedo, 1. to heal, assuage, Plin.
resegmlna -ura, n. (reseco), cuttings, parings,
Plin.
rc'sommo, 1. to beget, produce again, Ov.
resSquor -sScutus (-sgquutus), 3. dep. to
follov), pursue ; aliquem dictis, to answer, Ov.
1. rSsero -sfivi, 3. to sow again, set again,
plant again, Plin.
2. r5sSro, 1. to unclose, open. I. Lit., A. In
a narrow senso, to open a door; fores, januam,
Ov. B. In a wider sense, to open ; poctus, to
tear open, Ov. II. Transf., A. to open, make
accessible; Italiam oxterls gentibus, Cic; aures,
Liv. B. to reveal; augustae oracula mentis,
Ov. C. to open = to begin ; annum, Ov.
rfiservo, 1. I, to lay up, keep back, reserve,
keep ; hoc consilium ad cxtremum, Caes.; inaliinl
terapus, Caes. ; cetera praesenti aermonl, Cic.
II. a, to save; omnes, Cic; b, to retain, pre-
serve; nihil ad slinilitudinem hominis, nothing
human, Cic.
rSses -sldls (resideo). I. remaining, sitting,
staying behind; reseS in urbe plebs, Liv. II.
motionless, inactive, inert ; oum rosldem tempus
terere, Liv. ; animus, Verg.
re'sidoo -s5di -sessum, 2. (re and sedeo), to
remain sitting, to abide, stay. I. Lit. , a, re-
stdeamus, let us sit doum, Cic. ; In equo, Ov. ; in
republica, Cic. ; b, to celebrate, a festival or
holiday ; denieales, quae a nece appellatae sunt,
quia residentur mnrtuis, kept in honour of the
(lead, Cic. II. Transf., in corpora nullum
resideresensuin. Cic; resldet spos in tuavirtute,
depends upon, Cic. ; cuius culpa non niagis in te
resodit, Cic.
rfisido -nSdl -sessum, 3. I. to sit down,
place oneself ; a, to sit down to rest, Cic; mediis
aedibus, Verg. ; b, to settle ; Blcuiia arvis, Verg.;
C, to stay in a place, remain; in villa, Cic. ; in
oppido aliqno, Cic. II. Of inanimate things,
to sink down, settle. A. Gen., 1, lit., si montos
resedlssent, Cic. ; 2, fig., a, to sink, to settle down,
abate, grow quiet; mens resedit, Caes.; cum
tumor animi resodisset, Cic. ; b, to become tired,
to be weary, exhausted ; longiore certamlno sensim
residere Hainnitium animus, Liv. B. to sink
down = to draw back, withdraw; a, lit., maria
in 86 ipsa residant, Verg.; b, fig., sex mihi
eurgat opus numeris, in quinque residat, inter-
change hexameter and pentameter, Ov.
reslduus -a -um (resideo), remaining, left
behind, outstanding ; odium, Cic; simuIatio.Liv.;
pecuniae, Cic. ; subst., residuum -i, n. that
which remains, the remainder, residue, rest, Cic.
rSslgno, l. I. to unseal, open. A. Lit.,
literas, Cic. ; testamenta, Hor. B. Fig., 1, te
\open=lo reveal; venientia fata, Ov. ; 2, to
] cancel, annul, destroy ; omnem tabularuin tidem,
Cic. ; 3, to release, free; lumina morte resignat
(Mercurius), releases from death, Verg. l£ to
enter from one accou)it-book into another, to give
back, resign; cuncta, Ilor. ; quae dedit, Hor.
resilio -slliii -sultum, 4. (re and salio), to
leap back, spring back; in gelldos lacus, Ov. ; ad
manipulos, Liv. I. Of inanimate things, to
spring back, rebound ; resilit grando a culmine
tecti, Ov. ; tig., nbi scopulum offendis eiusmodi,
ut non modo ab hoc crimen resilire videas,
verum etiatn, etc., Cic. II. Transf., to contract,
diminish; in spatium breve, Ov.
rcsimus -a -um, bent backwards, turned vp ;
nares, Ov.
resina -ae, f. (pnrivn), resin, Plin.
resinaceus -a -um (resina), resinous, Plin.
resinatus -a -um (resina). I. flavoured with
resin; villain, Mart. II. snuared ivith resin;
juventus (to take hairs oflfthe skin), Juv.
resinosua -a -um (resina), full of resin,
resinous, Plin.
rSsrpio, 3. (re and saplo), to have, a smack,
taste, flavour of anything. I. Lit., Plin. II.
Fig., Epicurus minime resipiens putriam, with
no trace of the wit of his country, i.e., Allien*,
Cic.
rSsipiscO -sTpdi and -sipli, also -siplvl, 3.
(resipio). I. to recover one's senses, come to one-
self again (from fainting, etc.), Cic. II. to become
rational again, come to one's right mind, Cic.
(syncop. perf., reslpissct, Cic).
rSsistO -stlti, 3. I. to remain standing. A.
a, in a position of rest, to remain, continue; ibi,
Caes. ; Romae, Cic. ; b, after motion, to stand
still, halt, Caes. ; virtus resistet extra foros
carceris, Cic ; negabat so umquam cum Curione
restitissc, had stopped to talk, Cic. B. Transf., a,
of iliscourse, sed ego in hoc resisto, stop here, Cic'.;
b, to recover a footing, get to one's feet again ; nbi
laps! rosistamus, Cic. II. to resist, oppose, with-
stand. A. Physically, a, of persons, hostibus,
Caes. ; vl contra vim, Liv. ; b, of things, quae
nunc immotao perstant ventisque resist nut,
Ov. ; c, morally, dolori fortitor, Cic; lacrimis
ct prccibus, Cic. ; resistere et pugnaro contra
veritatem, Cic. ; impers., omnibus his resistitnr,
Caos.; foil, byneand tliesubj., ne sibistatua pon-
eretur, restitit, Nop.; foil, by quin and the subj.,
vix deonun opibus, quiu obruatur Romana res,
resist i potest, Liv. ; cul nulls vi resisti potest,
foil, by quo socius and subj., Cic. ; absol., restitit
et pervicit Cato, Cic
r&sdlutus -a -um, p. adj. (from resolvo),
relaxed, effeminate, Mart.
r&SOlvo -solvi -solutum, 3. to unbind, untie,
b'ose, loosen, open. I. A. vestes, Ov. ; equos, tu
unyoke, Ov.; puella resoluta capillos, with di-
shevelled hair, Ov. B. Transf., 1, gleba se
resolvit, becomes loose, Verg. ; Cerberus innnania
terga resolvit fustis humi, stretches out in sleep,
Verg. ; 2, to open; litteras, Liv.; fauces in verba,
Ov. ; 3, to melt; ignis aurum resolvit, Lucr. ;
nivem.Ov.; 4, to drive away, dissipate ; tenebras,
Verg. ; nebulas, Ov. II. Fig., 1, to end ; curas,
Verg. ; litem lite, Hor. ; 2, to dissolve, to relax
physically, weaken, make, languid; ut jacui totis
resoluta medullis, Ov. ; 3, to abolish, destroy ;
jura pudoris Verg. ; 4, to free; te piacula nulla
resolvent, Hor.; 5, to unravel, reveal; dolos
tecti (Labyrinthi) ambagesque, Verg. ; 6, to pay,
Plant,. Cic
rSsonabllis -e (resono), resounding, echoing,
Ov.
res
485
res
resono -sJSniti and -s&navi, 1. I. Iutransit.
A. to give back an echo, to resound, echo; aedes
plangoribua resonant, Verg.; reaonaua thoatruui,
Cic. ; glori.i virtuti resonat, is an echo of, Cic.
B, to sound again and ag<tin, to resound ; uervoa
resonare, Cic. ; resonant avibus virgulta, Verg.
II. Transf., A. to re-echo, repeat; doces silvas
resonave Amaryllida, Verg. ; umbrae resonarent
triste et aoutuin, Hor.; in pass., in fidibus
testndinc renonatnr (sonus), Cic. B. to Jill with
sound; lucos cantu, Verg.
resonus -a -um (resono), resounding, echo-
ing ; voces, Ov.
rcsorbco, 2. to swallow, suck in, absorb
again ; Ductus, Ov.
respecto, 1. (intens. of respicio). I. to look
eagerly back, look about for. A. Lit., respectare
ad tribunal, Liv. ; with ace, arcem Roinanam,
Liv. B. Transf., verum liaec ita praeteieamus,
ut taineu intuentes et respectantes relinquamus,
Cic. ; with ace, si qua pios respectant nmnina,
have regard for, Cic. IL Meton., to look for,
expect ; par niunus ab aliquo, Cic.
respectus -us, m. (respicio). I. a looking
back, looking around one. A. Lit., sine respectu
fugere, Liv. ; iucendiorum, looking back upon,
Cic. B. Transf., care, regard, respect, considera-
tion towards; Bomauorum maxime respectus
civitates movit, Liv. ; sine respectu majestatis,
Liv. II. Meton., a place of refuge, a retreat;
quum respectum ad senatum non haberet, Cic.
respergo -spersl -spersuin, 3. (re and
spargo), to besprhikle, sprinkle over; manus
sanguine, Cic. ; aliquem cruore, Liv. ; llg.,
servili probro rcspergl, Tac
resperslo -onis, f. (respergo), a sprinkling
over, besprinkling ; pigmentorum, Cic; sump-
tuosa respersio, sprinkling of the grave with
incense ana wine, Cic.
respersus, abl. -fl, m. (respergo), a sprink-
ling, besprinkling, Plin.
respicio -spexi -spectum, 3. (re and specio),
transit, and iutransit., to look behind, to look
back. I. Lit., Cic. ; nusquam circuinspiciens
aut respiciens, Liv.; with ace, a, to look back
upon ; tribunal, Liv. ; Eurydicen suam, Ov. ;
aniicum, Verg. ; b, to see behind one, to observe ;
quos ubi rex respexit, Liv. ; angues a tergo,
Verg. ; with ace. and infln., reBpiciuut atram in
niinbo volitare favillam, Verg. II. Transf., a,
to look back upon, reflect upon; spatium prae-
teriti temporis, Cic; b, to have respect to ; (a) to
think upon, provide for ; ut respiciam generuui
lueum, Caes. ; (0) to care for, consider ; rempub-
licam, Cic; commoda populi, Cic. ; o, to belong
to, fall to the care of; ad nunc summa imperii
respiciebat, Caes.; a, to look towards with desire,
to hope, expect ; spem ab Romania, Liv.
respiramen -Inis, n. (respiro), the wind-
pipe, Ov.
respiratio -Puis, f. (respiro). I. a taking
breath, respiration; 1, lit, Cic; 2, incton., a
jxiuse in a speech where the speaker takes breath,
Cic. II. an exhalation; aquarum, Cic.
resplratus -Q, m. (respiro), a taking breath,
Cic
respiro, 1. I. to blow back, bloio in a con-
trary direction; of winds, Lucr. II. Esp., to
breathe back. A. to tote breath, breathe, breathe
out; auimam, Cic; ex ea pars redditur respir-
ando, Cic. B. to take breath, recover oneself
after any violent exertion; 1, lit., Cic; 2, tig.,
to be relieved from fear, anxiety, etc. ; pauluiu a
inetu, Cic ; of abstractions, to abate, decline;
cupiditas atque avaritia respiravit pauluiu, Cic;
pppugnatio respiravit, iooly bru{tl\ t declined in
violence, Cic ; pass, impers., ita rcspiratum est,
Cic.
resplendco -ui, £ to glitter back, be bright,
resplendent, Verg.
respondeo -spondi -spensum, 2. I. to pro-
mise in return, Plant. H. to answer. A. Lit.,
to answer (prop., b;/ word of mouth) ; tibi non
rcscribam, scd nspondeam, Sen. ; to answer by
word of mouth or by writing; cpistolae, Cic,"
ad liaec, Cic; alicui ad rogatum, Cic; \ideat
quid respondeat, Cic; respondent " cui," Cic;
esp., a, of judges, to give decisiotis ; do jure,
Cic. ; criiuinibus respondere, to defend oneself
against, Cic. ; of oracles and soothsayers, to
answer, Cic. ; transf., saxa respondent voci,
give an echo, Cic; b, to answer to one's name,
hence, to appear, be present; quum ad noiueu
nemo responderet, Liv. ; Verrem non respon-
surum, Cic; so of soldiers, to answer to one's
name, take one's place; ad nominanon respondere,
Liv.; tig., pedos respondere non vocatos, be in
readiness, Cic. B. Transf., a, to correspond to,
to ansiver to, to agree or accord with ; verba
verbis respond6ant, Cic ; tua virtus opinioni
hominum respondet, Cic ; b, to requite, return;
amori amore, Liv. ; c, to lie over against ; con-
tra respondet tellus, Verg. ; d, to be jninctual in
paying; nd tempus, Cic; e, to balance, corre-
spond to in strength, etc. ; orationi illorum, Cic.
rosponslo -Onis, f. (respondeo). I. a reply,
answer; responsionem elicere,Cic II.Rhet. t.t.,
sibi ipsi responsio, a replying to one's own argu-
ment (= drroKpicrit), Cic
responslto, 1. (intens. of responso), to give
an answer, opinion (of legal advisers), Cic.
responso, 1. (intens. of respondeo), to
answer, reply, respond. I, A. Lit., Plaut. B.
Transf., to re-echo; lucus ripaeque responsant
circa, Verg. II. Fig., responsare cupidiuibus,
to withstand, Hor.; cenis, to scorn, Hor.; palato,
to defy, Hor.
responsor -5ris, m. (respondeo), one who
answers, Plaut.
responsum -i, n. (respondeo), an. answer.
I. Gen., responsum dare alicui, Cic. ; reddere,
Cic. ; ferre, auferre, obtain, Cic. IL Esp., a,
the answer of an oracle or soothsayer; haruspicuni,
Cic ; Sibyllae, Verg. ; b, the answer or opinion
of a lawyer, Cic.
respublica, v. res.
respuo -di, 8. I. Lit., to spit back or out,
to reject; reliquiae cibi, quas natura respuit,
Cic IL Fig., to reject, refuse, repel, disapprove
of; quum id dicat, quod omnium mentes asper-
nentur ac respuant, Cic. ; defensionem, Cic. ;
poetas, Hor. ; conditionem, Caes.
restagnatio -6nis, f. (restagno), an over-
flowing ; Euphratis, Plin.
restagno, 1. to overflow; quas (paludes)
restagnantes faciunt lacus, Liv. ; restagnans
mare, Ov. ; transf. , of places, to be overflowed ;
late is locus restagnat, Caes.
restauro, 1. (re and *stauro, from sto,
whence instauro), to restore, replace, repair, re-
build ; aedom, Tac
resticiila -ae, f. (dim. of rcstis), a thin rope
or cord, Cic.
restillo, 1. to drop back again; fig., quae
(litterae) mihi quiddam quasi animulae restill-
arunt, have instilled, Cic.
restlnotio -5nis, f. (reatinguo), a slaking,
quenching ; sitis, Cic.
restinguo -stlnxi -stinctum, 3. to extin-
guish, quench. I. Lit., ignem, Cic. II. Transf.,
a, to quench, master, subdue, control; sitiin, Cic;
ard.prem cyipjditgtum, Cic; odium aljcuius, Cic,;
res
43G
ret
b,"to extinguish, destroy, put an end to; studia,
Cic. ; animus hominum scnsusquc incite re-
stingui, Cic.
restio -Onis, m. (rcstis), a rope-maker Suet. ;
in jest, one who is scourged with ropes, Plaut.
,rei?tipulatIo -onis, f. (restipulor), a countc:
engagement, Cic.
restipulor, 1. to promise, engage in return,
Cic.
restis -is, ace. -im and -em, abl. -e, f. a rope,
cord ; per nianus reste data, in a kind of dance
where the rope ran through the hands of the
dancers, Li v.
restito, 1. (freq. of resto), to remain behind,
loiter, linger, Li v.
restitrix -tikis, f. (resisto or resto), she
that remains behind, Plaut.
restltuo -iii -utum, 3. (re and statuo). I. to
put in its firmer place, replace, restore. A. Gen.,
btatuam, (Jic. B. a, to bring buck again, restore;
causa restituendi mei, Cic. ; b, to give back, give
lip again, restore; agrum alicui, Liv.; fig., se
alicui, to become friends again, Cic. II. to
restore, build again, bring a thing back to its
previous condition; oppida, Caes. ; provinciaia
in antiquum statum, (Jic. ; aliquid in pristinam
dignitatem, Cic. ; aliquem in amicitiam, Cic. ;
aliquem, to restore a person's property to him,
Cic. ; aliquem in integrum, to place a man in
his former condition, Cic.; rem, aeiem, proclaim,
Liv". ; daninn Romano bello accepta, to repair,
Liv.
restitutio -Onis, f. (restituo). I. a restora-
tion ; Capitolii, Suet. II. a calling back again ;
a, from banishment, restoration of a person to
hit previous condition, Cic; b, a pardoyiing ;
dnmnatoruin, Cic.
restitutor -Oris, ni. (restituo), a restorer;
temploruin, Liv. ; salutis, Cic.
resto -stlti, 1. I. to remain behind, remain
standing, stand still. A. Gen., Prop. B. to
resist, op}x>se, withstand, Liv. ; pass, impers.,
qua minima vi restatur, where the least resistance
is, Liv. IL to remain, remain over. A. Gen.,
1, of things, hie restat actus, Cic; dona pelago
et fiaminis restantia, saved from, Vcrg. ; restat
ut, etc, it remains that, etc., Cic ; non or nihil
aliud restat nisi or quam, foil, by infin., Liv.;
2, of persons, to remain, be left ; (a) restabam
solus de viginti, Ov. ; (fi) to remain alive ;
qui pauci adiiiodum restant, Cic. B. With re-
ference to the future, to remain for, await;
placet (vobis) socios sic tractari, quod restat,
ut per hRec tempora tractatos videtis, fbr the
future, Cic. ; hoc Latio restare canunt, with
ace. and infin., Verg.
restrict.6, adv. (restrictus). I. syictringly ;
tarn restricte facere id, Cic. II. accurately,
strictly ; praecipere, Cic; obscrvare, Cic.
restrictus -a -urn, p. adj. (from restringo).
1. close, tight; toga, Suet. II. Transf., 1, close,
stingy; homo, Cic; quum natura semper ad
largiendum ex alieno fuerim restrictior, Cic. ;
2, strict, severe ; impcriuin, Tac.
restringo -strinxi -strictnm. 3. I. to bind
back, bin'' fast, bind tight; restrictis laoertis,
Hor. II. 1, to drew back, confine, restrict,
restrain, lac; 2, to draw buck, to open ; dentes,
Plant.
resulto, 1. (intens. of resilio), tn spring back,
rebound. I. tela resultant galea, Verg. II. Of
Bound, to echo, resound; imago vocia rcsultat,
Verg.; transf., of places, to resound; pulsati
colles claiuore resultant, Vorg.
resumo -sumpsi -suinptum, 3. to take again,
take back, I, Lit ■ tftbeUaa, Ov. IZ, Transf.,
I, to renew, repeat; pugnam, Tac. ; 2, to obtain
again, to recover; vires, Ov.
resupmo, 1. I. to bend, turn backwards;
assurgentem umbone, to strike back to the
ground, Liv.; middle, resupinari, to bend back;
r- .-.ipinati G'llli, prostrate from, intoxication, Juv.
II. Melon., (o break open; valvas, Prop.
rSsupinus -a -urn, bent backwards. I. A.
Gen., collum, Ov. ; resupinus haeret curru,
Verg. ; resupinuin aliquem fundere, to lay low
on the ground, Ov. B. Esp., lying on one's back ;
jacuit resupinus, Ov. ; resupini natant, on their
backs, Ov. II. Meton., throwing back the head,
with the nose high in the air (of the proud), Ov.
rcsurgo -surrexi -surrectum, 3. to rise up
again, appear again. I. A. Lit., herba re-
surgens, Ov.; rosurgaui (from bed), Ov. B. Pig.,
I, to rise up again ; in ultionem, Tac, ; 2, to
come up again, reappear; amor, re-awakens,
Verg.; 3, to come forth again ; quum res Ilomana
contra spem votaque eius velut resurgeret, Liv.
II. Meton., to stand up again = to be built again ;
resurgens urbs, Tac.
resuscito, 1. to revive, resuscitate ; fig.,
veterein irain, Ov.
resutus -a -um, ripped open, Suet.
retardatio -Onis, f. (retardo), a retarding,
protracting, delay, Cic
retardo, 1. to delay, protract, retard, impede,
detain. I. Lit., aliquem in via, Cic. ; in middle
signification, motus stellaruin retardautur, move
slowly, Cic 31. Fig., to hinder, prevent; aliquem
a scribendo, Cic.
retaxo, 1. to censure in return, Suet.
retS -is, ii. « net (both for fishes and for
hunting animals with) ; retia poneie cervis,
Verg. ; retia tendere, Ov. ; ex araneolis aliae
quasi rete texunt, Cic
retSgO -texi -tectum, 3. to uncover, reveal,
hni bare, tooycu. I. Lit., A. theenm numariam,
Cic; homo rctectus, not covered by a shield,
Verg. B. Poet., to make visible, to illuminate;
orbem radiis, Verg. ; jam rebus luce retectis,
Verg. II. Transf., to reveal, discover ; arcanum
consilium, Hor. ; scelus, Verg.
retendo -tendi -tensuin and -tentum, 3. to
slacken, unbend; arcum, Ov.
retentio -Onis, f. (retineo), a keeping back,
holding in. I. Lit., aurigae, Cic II. Transf.,
a withholding; assensiouis, Cic
1. retento, 1. (intens. of retineo), to hold
firmly back, hold fast. I. Lit., Liv.; caelum a
ten-is, to keep apart, Luer. II. Transf., to pre-
serve, maintain ; sensus hominum vitasque, Cic
poet.
•2. retento (retempto), 1. (re and tento), to
try, attempt again; ilia lyrae, Ov. ; foil, by
infin., Ov.
retentus -a -um. I. Partic of retendo.
II. Partic of retineo.
retexo -textii -tcxtum, 3. I. to unweave,
unravel. A. Lit., quasi Penelope telam re-
tcxens, Cic B. Transf., 1, gen., dum luna
quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem, dimin-
ished again, Ov. ; 2, esp., to dissolve, cancel, an-
nul, reverse; praeturam, Cic; orationem, re-
tract, Cic; scriptorum quaeque, to revise, correct,
Hot. II. to weave again ; poet, transf., to reneu',
repeat ; properata retexite fata, Ov.
retiarius -ii, m. (rote), a fighter with a vet,
a gladiator furnished with a net, with which he
strove tn entangle his adversary, Suet.
reticentia -ac, f. (reticeo), a keeping silent,
silence ( ( .pp. locutio). I. Gen., Cic; vestra
virtus nequo oblivion* enrnm ov.i nnxtc sunt.
pet
467
re a
neque reticentid posterorum sepulta esse potent,
C.ic ; poena reticentiae, i.e., for keeping silent
about a defect in, an object offered for sale, Cic
II. As a figure of speech, a sudden pause (Or.
arroiruomjo'is), CiC.
reticeo -eGi, 2. (reand taeeo). I. Intrausit.,
to be silent, keep silence; (a) absol., quum Bill-
picius reticuisset, Cic. ; de injuriis, Cio. ; (0)
with dat., to give no answer to, Liv. II. Transit.,
to keep secret, conceal; cogitationcs suas, Cic;
quod ii, qui ea patet'acere poasent, retieuissent,
Cic.
retioulatUS -a -um (reticulum), net-like,
reticulated, Pliu.
reticulus -i, in. and reticulum -i, n.
(dim. of rete), a little net: a, for catching fish,
Plaat. ; b, a bag of net-work used for carrying
certain articles; reticulum .plenum rosae, Cic;
reticulum panis, Hor. ; c, a net fur the hair,
Juv. ; d, a racket for striking a ball, Ov.
retinaculum -i, n. (retineo), a rope, a cable,
curd, Verg., Ov.
retinens -cutis, p. ad.j. (from retinoo), tena-
cious of anything; sui juris diguitatisque, Cic.
retinentia -ae, f. (retineo), a retaining in
the memory, recollection, Lucr.
retineo -tinui -toiitum, 3. (re and teneo). I.
to hold back, hold fast, detain. A. Lit., 1, to
keep back; a, of persons, concilium dimittit,
Liscum retinet, Caes. ; nisi jam profecti sunt,
retinebis homines, Cic ; b, of things, lacrimas,
Ov. ; nianus ab ore, Ov. ; 2, to keep back, pre-
serve, hold back; armorum parte tertia celatil
atque in oppido rctenla, Cacs. ; 3, to retain a
conquest; oppidum, Caes. B. Trausf. , 1, to
keep within botuuls, restrain; moderari cursum
atque in sua potcstate rctinere, Cic; retinere in
oflieio, Cic. ; foil, by quiu, aegre sunt retenti,
quin oppidum irrumperent, Caes. ; 2, to keep,
preserve, hold fast ; ut amicos observantia, rem
parsimoiiia retineret, Cic. ; statum suniu, Cic. ;
memoriaui suae pristinae viitutis, Caes. ; aliquid
memoria, Cic. II. to hold fast. A. Lit., arcum
maim, Cic. B. Trans.'., ordo i]>se annalium
mediocriter nos retinet quasi enumeratione
fastorum, Cic.
retinnio, 4. to resound, to ring again; in
vncibus nostrorum oratorum retinnit et resonat
quiddam urbanius, Cic.
retis -is, f. = rete (q.v.).
retondeo -tonsus, 2. to reap, mow again,
Plin.
retono, 1. to thunder back, to resound, Cat.
retorqueo ^torsi -tortum, 2. to twist back,
bend back, turn back. I. Lit., oculos saepe ad
banc urbem, Cic. ; caput in sua terga, Ov. ;
brachia tergo, to bind behind the back, Hor. II.
Transf., to change; meutem, Verg.
retorridus -a -um, parched up, dried up,
Pliu.
retostus -a -um, roasted, Plin.
retractatio -finis, f. (retracto), refusal,
denial; sine ulla retraetatione, Cic.
retractatus -a -um, p. adj. (from retracto),
revised; idem crvmayixa. misi ad te retractatius,
Cic v
retracto (rctrecto), 1. I. to lay hold of,
handle again, undertake anew. A. Lit., ferrum,
Verg. ; arma, Liv. ; cruda vulnera, to open the
old wounds, Ov. B. Transf., a, to take in hand
again, retouch, iisc again; verba desueta, Ov. ;
b, to renew ; nugere dolorem retractando, Cic ;
c, to think of again; aliquid diligenter, Cic;
fata,-Ov. II. to draw back; transf., a, to recall,
retract; dicta, Verg.; b, to refuse, be unwilling,
l;e reluctant, decline, Cic; quid retrnctas, Verg.
retractus -a -um, p. adj. (from retralio),
afar off, distant, remote ; retraetior a mari murus,
Liv.
rctraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I, to draiv back.
A. to draw backwards ; 1, lit., a, manum, Cic;
Uanuibaleni in AfVicain, Cic. ; so ab ietu, Ov. ;
b, to fetch back a fugitive, bring back, Cic ;
aliquem ex fuga, Ball, ; 2, transf., a, to keep
back, prevent ; consules a loedere, Cic. ; b, to
hold back, not to give out ; quos oceulere aut
retrahere aliquid suspicio fuit, Liv. ; c, sc, to
withdraw oneself ; quum se retraxit, ne pyxidem
traderet, Cic. B. to drag forth ugiiin, drum
forth again ; Tioveros in arma, Tac. II. to d.raw
towards; lig., in odium judicis, Cic.
retribiio -tribal -trlbutuuv 3- I. to give
again. A. to give back, restore; pro fciieulo
l'ruinenlo aeceptam pecuniam populo, Liv. B.
to give again, afresh, Lucr. II. to give back a
maiUas due; alicui fructum quern meruit, Cic.
- retro (from re and pros. suff. ter, as citro,
intro), adv. I. Lit., backwards, back, behind;
redire, retro repetere, Liv. ; retro respicere, Cic. ;
quod retro atque a tergo lleret, no laboraret,
Cic II. Transf., A. Of time, in times past,
formerly, back; et deincepa retro usque ad
Romulum, Cic. B. Of othsr relations, 1, back,
backwards; retro ponere, to postpone, Cic; 2,
again, on. the contrary, on the other hand, Cic.
retr5ago -Cgi -actum, 3. to drive back, lead
back, turn back, Plin.
retrSeo, 4. to go back, return, Plin.
retrogradior -gressus sum, 3. dep. to go
backwards, -morn backuv.rds, Plin.
retrdgradus-a-uiu(retrogadior),)-e</'oj7)'u(/c,
going backwards, Sen.
retrorsum and retrorsiis, adv. (= retro-
versuui [-vorsum] and retroversus [-vorsus]),
backwards, behind. I. Lit., retrorsum vela
dare, llor. II. Transf., in return, in reversed
order ; deindo retrorsum vicissim, etc., Cic.
retrorsus = retrorsum (q.v.).
retroversus -a -um (verto), turned back-
wards, back, Ov.
retrudo -tr&sus, 3. to push back, thrust back,
Plant. Partic, retrusus -a -um, remote, dis-
tant, sequestered, obscure; simulacra dcorum jaceut
in tenebris ab isto retrusa atque abdita, Cic. ;
voluntas abdita et retrusa, Cic.
retundo, retndi (rett&di) -tOsuin (-tunsuin),
3. to beat back, to drive back. I. A. Lit., Lucan.
B. Transf., to check, keep within bounds ; linguas
Aetolorum, Liv. II. to hammer back something
sharp, to blunt, moke dull. A. Lit., tela, Ov. ;
tig., ferrum alicuius, to frustrate a murderous
attempt, Cic. B. Transf., impetuin, Liv. ; inu-
cronem still, Cic.
retusus (retunsus) -a -tun, p. adj. (from
retuudo), dull, blunt. I. Lit., ferrum,' Verg.
II. Transf., dull; ingenium, Cic.
Reudigni -drum, in. a people in the north of
Germany.
reus -i, m. and rSa -ao, f. (res). I. an
accused person, prisoner, culprit, defendant ; gen.
with ace of the charge, inoro rarely with de
and the abl., reum facere aliquem, to accuse,
Cic ; renin fieri, to be accused, Cic ; referre in
rcos (of the praetor), to enter a name on the list
of accused persons, Cic; aliquem ex reis eximere,
to strike out tlie name of an accused person, Cic. ;
Sextius qui est de vi reus, Cic; used without
reference to a court of justice, reus fortunae,'
accused as responsible for ill fortune. Liv. ; reus
sine te criminis huius agor, Ov. ; plur., rei, tlie
parties to a suit, both vlaintiff and defendant;
rev
488
rev
rcos appello quorum res est, Cic II. bound
bit, answerable- for ; voti, bound to fulfil my vow
(i.e., having obtained the object of my wishes),
Verg. ; suae partis tutaiulae, answerable for,
Liv.
reVSlesco -viltU, 3. to become well again, be
restored to health. I. Lit., ope qua revalescere
possis, Or. II. Trausf., to be restored; Laouicoa
revaluit propriis opibus, Tac.
reveho -vexi -vectuin, C. to carry, bear, bring
back. I. Lit., a, act. and pass., tela ad Grajos,
Ov. ; praeda revecta, brought back, Liv. ; b,
middle, revehi, to drive back, ride back, sail back;
(with or without equo, eurru, nave, etc.) in
castra, Liv. ; Ithacam, Hor. II. Fig., ad
superiorem aetatem reveoti sutnus (in discourse),
have gone back, Cic.
revello -vein -vulsum, 3. I. to tear, full,
pluck away. A. Lit., tela de corpore, Cic;
caput a cervice, Verg. ; saxum e nionte, Ov. ;
morte ab aliquo revelli, to be separated from, Ov.
B. Fig., to tear away, destroy, banish; consul-
atum ex omni meinoria, Cic. ; omues injurias,
Cic. II. to tear up, to open; hunram dente
cuivo, to plcrugh, Ov. ; cinerem manesque, to
disturb, violate a tomb, Verg. *
revelo, 1. to unfeil, uncover, lay bare; front-
em, Tac. ; os, Ov. ; sacra, Ov.
rovSnlo -vSni -ventum, 4. to come back, re-
turn; domum, Cic. ; in urbem, Tac.
revera, adv. (re and vera), indeed, in truth,
truly, Cic.
reverbSro, 1. to beat back, drive back, Sen.
revorendus -a -urn, p. adj. (from revereor),
inspiring awe, venerable ; nox, Ov. ; facies, Juv.
reverens -entis, p. adj. (from revereor), re-
spectful, reverent; erga patrem, Tac.
reverenter, adv. (reverens), reverently, re-
spectfully, Plin. ; revcrcntius, Tac; revereutis-
sime, Suet.
reverentla -ae, f. (revereor), reverence, re-
sped, fear, awe; adversus homines, Cic; legum,
beforcthelaws, Juv. Personif.,R6verentfa.-ae,
f. a goddess, mother of Majestas by Honor.
rSvereor -vSrltus sum, 2. dep. to fee! awe or
respect or shame before, to revere, reverence, respect,
to fear ; snspicionem, Cic. ; multa adversa, Cic. ;
coetum virorum, Liv.
rSverro, S. to sweep again, Plaut.
reverslo (revorsio) -onis, f. (revertor). I.
a (nrjiiuj back on the way before a man has
reached the end of his journey (while reditus =
return after a man 1ms reached his journey's
end), Cic; reditu vel potins reversione, Cic;
consilium profectionis et reverslonis meac, Cic.
II. Transf., a return, recurrence ; tertianae
febris et quartanae revcrsio, Cic. ; plur., sol
binas in singulis annis reversiones ab extremo
contrarias facit, Cic.
reverto (rovorto) -verti (-vorti) •versum
(-vursuin) -6re and revertor (roVortor)
-versus (-vorsus) sum -verti (-vorti), dep. I. to
turn back, return. A. Lit., ex itinera, Cic. ; ad
aliquem, Caes. ; Laodiceam, Cic; with double
nom., quuui victor a Mithrldatico bello rcvert-
isset, Cic; poet., of things, Tiberim reverti,
Hor. B. Transf., to return, come back; ad
sanitatem, to a bttter frame of mind, Cic; in
gratiain cum aliquo, to be reconciled with, Liv.;
poena reversura est in caput tuum, doomed to
fall, Ov. : esp., in discourse, to return, revert;
rursus igitur eadem revertainur, Cic; ad pro-
positum revertar, Cic; ad id, undo digress!
ennuis, revertainur, Cie. II. reverti, to turn to ;
revcrtUur ail conimoduin, Cic. (act. not used in
present tenses in prase).
revldeo, 2. to see again, Plaut.
revincio -vinxi -vinctum, 4. I. to tic back,
tie behind ; juvenem mauus post terga revinc-
tum, Verg. II. A. Lit., bind fast, bind round ;
trabes, Caes.; zona de poste revincta, Ov. B.
Transf., mentem amoro, Cat.
rovinco -vici -victum, 3. to reconquer, subdue
again. I. Lit., catenae consiliis juvenis re-
victae, Hor. II. Transf., A. Gen., revictam
conjuiatione.m, suppressed, Tac. B. Esp., to
conj'ute, convict; aliquem, Cic.
reviresco -vfrui, 3. (inchoat. of revireo), to
grow green again, to grow strong, flourish again,
revive; senatum ad auctoritatis pristinae speiu
revirescere, Cic.
revisito, 1. to visit repeatedly, Plin.
revise -visi -visum, 3. to look back at, come
again, to see, revisit. I. In transit., furor revisit,
returns, Lucr. II. Transit., revise nos aliquaudo,
Cic ; domos, Liv.
rSvivisco -vixi, 3. to come to life again, re-
vive. I. Lit., Cic II. Transf., reviviscere
inemoriam ac desiderium mei, Cic.
revficabilis -e (revoco), that can be revoked
or called back, Ov.
revocamen -Inis, n. (revoco), a calliog back,
recall, Ov.
revocatio -onis, f. (revoco). I. a calling
back. A. Lit, a bello, Cic. B. Fig., avocatio
a cogitanda molestia et revocatio ad content-
planuas voluptates, Cic. II. In rhetoric, a
withdrawal, withdrawing, revocation ; verbi, Cic.
revoco, 1. I. to call agav-. A. 1, in suf-
fragium, Liv.; 2, legal t. t., to summon again
before a court of justice, to bring a fresh charge
against; hominem revocat populus, Cic; 3,
theatrical t. t, to call again for a repetition of a
speech, etc., to encore; quum saopius revoeatus
vueem obtudisset, Cic ; with ace of thing to bo
repeated, to call for again; primos tres versus,
Cic; impers., millies revocatum est, Cic; 4,
milit. t. t., to summon again soldiers who had,
been discharged ; milites, Cic. B. 1, to call
again, in turn ; unde tu me vncasti, unde te
ego revoco, Cic; 2, to invite back or again;
qui non revoeat.urus esset, Cic II. to call back.
A. In a narrow sense, 1, lit., a, aliquem ox
itincre, Cic; qui me revocastis, out of exile,
Cic; with things as objects, oculos, Ov., pedem,
Verg., gradiim, Verg., to turn away; b, esp.,
milit. t. t., to recall soldiers fr«m. a march, expedi-
tion, etc ; legiones ab opera, Caes. ; 2, transf.,
a, to call back, bring back again, recover, renew ;
studia longo intervallo intermissa, to take up
again, Cic. ; b, to call back, apply again ; so ad
industriam, Cic. ; se ad se revocare, or simply se
revocare, to recover oneself, collect oneself, Cic. •
hence, (n) to keep back; aliquem a tanto scelere,
Cic; (/3) to confine; comitia in unam domum,
Cic. ; (v) to recoil, revoke ; facta, Ov. B. In a wider
sense, to call to : 1, lit., abi, quo blandae juvon-
um to revocant pieces, Hor. ; 2 f transf., a, to
apply to, refer to; illam rem ad lllam rationem
conjecturamque revocabant, Cic. ; b, to brinj
to ; in dubium, Cic. ; omnia ad suam potestatem
Cic ; c, to judge according to; omnia ad gloriam*
Cic.
reV8lo, 1. to fly back. I. Lit., dux grnuni
revolat, Cic XX. Transf., revolat telum, Ov.
rSvolubilis -e (revolvo), that can be rolled
bark ; pondus, Ov.
revolvo -volvi -vulfltuni, 3. to roll Uick, un-
roll. I, A. Gen., 1, transit., Tac; poet., rursus
iter oinnc, measure back again, traverse again,
Verg.; 2. retlex. and middle, draco revolvens
ee.=o, Cip. ; wolutus eq.no, ffllirw 'hwr, /rajSti
rev
489
rho
Verg. ; ter revoluta toro est, sank back, Verg. ;
levoluta dies, returning, Verg. B. Esp., to unroll
or open a book; Origines (a work of Cato's), Liv.
II. Fig., A.Gen.,1, act.and pass., omnia ad com-
inunes return atque generum suinina.s revolven-
"tur, will be brought back to, reduced to, Clc. ;
poet., iteruin casus, to undergo again, Verg. ; 2,
'middle, revolvi, a, to return to, in speaking or
writing ; ut ad ilia elementa revolvar, Oic. ; b,
to come to (something bad); revolutus ad dispen-
satiouem iuopiae, Liv. B. Esp.. to read again ;
loca jam recitata, Hor. ; to think of again;
visu, Ov. ; to tell again ; haec, Verg.
revdnio -viinCil, 3. to vomit up, disgorge;
fluctUK, Verg.
revorsio — reversio (q.v.).
revorsus, etc. = reversus, etc. (q.v.).
revulsio -6nis, f. (revello), a tearing away,
Plin.
rex, regis, m. (rego), ruler, prince. I. Lit,
rex Dejotarus, Cic; rex regum (of Agamemnon),
Liv. ; simply rex, used of the Parthian king,
Suet. ; of the Persian king (like Gr. pao-iXevs),
Nep. ; regem deligere, creare, constituere, Cic. ;
poet, attrib., populus late rex, ruling far, Verg.
II. Transf., 1, of some of the gods, rex divuin
atque hominum, or deorum, Jupiter, Verg. ;
rex aquaruin, Neptune, Ov. ; rex Stygius, Pluto,
Verg. ; 2, the king andhis consort ; reges.excitos,
Liv.; the royal family; direptis bonis regum,
Liv. ; 3, during the republic at Rome, rex = a
despot, an absolute monarch, tyrant; rex populi
Roniani, i.e., Caesar, Cic. ; decern reges aerarii,
Cic; 4, in the religions language, rexsacrorum,
sacrificiorum, Cic, sacriflcus, Liv., sacrificulus,
"Liv., a priest who under the republic performed
the sacrifices which formerly the kings performed ;
5, gen. =head, chief, leader; a, of animals, rex
apiliu, Verg. ; b, of rivers, rex Eridanus (the
chief stream in Italy), Verg. ; c, of the patron
of a parasite, Hor.; d, the guide, tutor of a
young man ; rex pueritiae, Hor.
rhacoma (rhecoma) -ae, f. a root, perhaps
rhubarb, Plin.
Rhadamanthus (-3s) -i, m. ('PoSa^ai/flus),
son of Jupiter, brother of Minos, judge in the lower
world.
Iihaeti = Raeti (q.v.).
rhagades -um, f. and rhagadia -orum,
n. (payaSes, payafiio) a kind of sores or ulcers,
Plin.
rhaglon -li, n. (piyiov), a kind of small
spider, Plin.
Rhamnes = Ramnes (q.v.).
rhamnos -i, f. (pd/xi'ot), buckthorn, Plin.
Rhamnus -nuntis, f. (Panvovs), a village of
A ttica, where the goddess Nemesis v)a$ worshipped;
hence, A. Adj., Rhamnusius -a -um, virgo,
Cat., or simply Rhamnusia, Nemesis, Ov. B.
Rhamnusis -Idis, f. Nemesis, Ov.
Rhamses -sesis, m. an old king of Egypt.
rhapsodia -ae, f. (pa^uSia), a rhapsody;
secunda, the second book of the Iliad, Nep.
1. Rhea (Rea) -ae, f. Rhea Silvia, daughter
of King Numitor of Alba, mother of Romulus and
Remus by Mars.
2. Rhea -ae, f. ("P^'a), an old name ofCybele.
Thecoma = rhacoma (q.v.).
rheda = reda (q.v.).
, rhedarlus = redarius (q.v.).
Rhegium = Regium (q.v.).
Rhemi = Remi (q.v.).
Rhenus -i, m. the Rhine; poet, adj., flumen
Rhenum, Hor. ; In poets, meton. = the people
16 #
dwelling on the bonks of the Rhine. Adj.,RheU- •
anus -a -um, belonging to the Rhine.
Rhesus -i, in. ('Pr/cro?), king in, Thrace, who
came to the help <\f Troy ; according to an oracle,
Vie Greeks could not capture Troy if tlie horses of
Rhesus tasted of Trojan pastures, so Diomedcs and
Ulysses stole the horses and killed Rhesus.
rhetor -oris, in. (pqrojp). I. a teacher of
rhetoric, a rhetorician, Cic. II. an orator, Nep.
rhetorica v. rhetoricus. ■
1. rhetorice, v. rhetoricus.
2. rhetorics, adv. (rhetoricus), rhetorically,
oratorically, Cic.
rhetoricus -a -um (pTj-ropixd?). I. of or relat-
ing to a rhetorician, rhetorical ; mos, Cic ; ars,
Cic. ; whence subst., rhetorica -ae, f. and rhe-
t6rice -es, f. (prjTopnoj), Cic II. relating to
rlietoric; doctores, teachers of rhetoric, Cic. ; libri
rhetorici, text-books of rhetoric, Cic; subst., rhe-
torica -orum, n. rhetoric, Cic.
rheumatismus-i, m. (peu^aTiu/idy), rheum,
catarrh, Plin.
rhina -ae, f. (piV>j), a kind of shark, Plin.
rhinoceros -6tis, m. (pud/cepws). I. a rhino-
ceros, Plin. ; prov., nasuni rhinoeerotis habere,
to turn up the nose, sneer at everything, Mart.
II. Meton., a vessel mads of the horn of the rhino-
ceros, J nv.
Rhinocolura -ae, f. ('PivoKoKovpa), a town
on the coast of the Mediterranean between Egypt
and Syria, now El-Arish (Ariscli).
Rhinton -onis, m, (*PtV(W), a tragic -poet of
Ta centum.
Rhion (-um) -li, n. ('Pidi/), a promontory in
Acliaia, opposite Antirrhium.
Rhiphaeus = Riphaeus (q.v.).
Rhizon -onis, m. ('Pi'£u)v), ajown in Illyria,
now Risano; hence, Rhizonitae -arum, m.
tht inhabitants of Rhizon.
rhd, n. indecl. (pw), the Greek name of the letter
R, Cic.
Rhoda -ae, f. a town of the Indigctes in His-
pania 1'arraconensis, now Rosas.
Rhodanus -i, ra, ('PoSaios), a river in Gaul,
now the Rhone ; Rhodani potor, a dweller on the
banks of the Rhone, Hur.
rhddinus -a -um (poiivoi), made of roses,
Plin.
Khodius, v. Rhodus.
rhododaphne -es, f. (J>oSoSa<pvr]), the olean-
der, Plin.
rhododendios-i. f. and rhododendron
-i, n. (po&o&cv&pov) — rhododaphne (q.v.).
Rhodope -Es, f. ('PoSottt)), a mountain in
Thrace, now Despoto or Despoti Dag ; meton. =:
Thrace, Verg. ; hence, adj., Rhdddpeius -a
-um, Thracian ; vates, heros, Orpheus, Ov.
RhOdUS (-OS) -i, f. CPofos). Rhales, an isknui
in the Carpathian Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor,
famous for its trade, its school of rhetoric, and its
colossus. Hence,adj.,Rh5dIus-a-uin,ii:/iod£«ii;
plur. subst., Rhodii -orum, in. the Rhodians,
Cic.
Rhoeteum ('Poi'mov), a promontory in the
Troad; hence, Rhocteus -a -um, Rhoetean,
a, lit., profundum ; and subst, Rhoeteum -i,
n. the sea near Rhoeteum, Ov. ; b, poet, transf.
= Trojan ; ductor, Aeneas, Verg.
Rhoetus (Rhoecus) -i. m. ('Poikos). I. a
giant, Hor. II. a centaur, Verg.
rhombus (-6s) -i, m. (pdp./3os). I. a viagi-
cian's circle, Ov. II. the turbot, Hor.
riio
490
l'l9
rhomphaea -ae, f. a long missile weapon.
Rhosus (-6s) -i, f. (Two-os), a sea^port in
Cilicia, famous for its pottery, Hence, Rhosl-
acus -a -am, Rhosian ; vasa, Cic.
Rhoxolani (Roxolani) -Oram, in. a
Scythian people in modern European Tartary.
rhythmious -i, m. (pufyuKds), one who
teaches the art of preserving rhythm in composi-
tion, Cic.
riiythmus -i, m. (pv<V<k), rhythm, time
(either in music or discourse), Quint.
rhytium -ii, u. (pvnov), a drinking-horn,
Mart.
rica~-ae, f. a veil,- Plant.
riclnium -ii, n. (rica), a small veil worn es-
pecially a9 an article of mourning, Cic.
rictum = rictus (q.v.).
rictus -us, m. ami rictura -i, n. (ringor),
the opening of Vie mouth, the open mouth ; a, of
man, risu didncere rictum, Hor.; b, of animals,
the expanded 'jaws ; rictus Cerberei, Ov.
ruleo, risi, rlsnm, 2. I. Intransit., to laugh.
A. Gen., riderc convivae, cachinnarc ipse Ap-
roning, Cic. ; in stomacho ridere, to laugh grimly,
Cic; pass, impers., ridetur, there is laughter,
Hor. B. Esp. , 1, to laugh or smile in a friendly
manner; alicui or ad aliquem, to smile upon;
cui non risere parentes, Verg. ; so transf. , (a) to
laugh, to look cheerful, to look bright ; omnia nunc
rident, Verg. ; domus ridet argento, Hor. ; (fi) to
please; ille terrarmu mild praetei omnea an-
gulus ridet, Hor.; 2, to laugh triumphantly, to
triumph over; niuneribus aemuli, Hor. II.
Transit., to laugh at. A. Gen., joca tua de
liaercsi Vestoriana risisse me, Cic. ; liaec ego
non rideo, I do not jest, Cic. ; pass., non sal sed
natura ridetur, Cic. B. Esp., to ridicule;
aliquem, Cic. ; pass., Pynhi ridetur largitas a
consule, Cic.
rldibundus -a -um (rideo), laughing, Plaut.
riidlcularius -a -nm (ridiculus), laughable,
droll ; BUbst, ridiculai'la-i'ruiii. n, drolleries,
PJaut.
ridicule, adv. (ridiculus). I. In a good
sense, jokingly, humorously, Cic. II. In a had
sense, ridiculously, absurdly; homo ridicule
insanus, Cic.
ridlCUldsus -a -um (ridiculus), laughable,
facetious, Pers.
ridiculus (rideo), exciting laughter. I. In
a good sense, droll, ,'. timorous, funny, facetious.
A. Adj., cavillator facie magis quam facetiis
ridiculus, Cic; poet, with intln., (Porcins) ridic-
ulus totas siiuuf absorbere placentas, Hor. B.
Subst, a, ridiculus -i, m. ft joker, jester,
Plant., Ter. ; b, ridiculum -i, n. a thing to
laugh at, joke, jest ; per ridiculum dicere, Cic. ;
plnr., sentcntioso ridiciila dicere, Cic. II. In a
bad sense, laughable, absurd, ridiculous; insania
quae ridicula aliis.Cic; ridiculum poema, Hor.;
ridiculum est with intln., Cic.
rlgens -entis, p. adj. (from rigeo), stiff, un-
bending ; aqua, frozen, Mart.
rigeo. 2. (root RIG, Gr. PIT, connected with
FRIG-ro), to be stiff, to stiffen. I. A. Lit., 1, witll
cold, frost, etc; rigere frigore, Cic; 2, poet., to
be stiff, bend, unbending ; terga bourn plnmbo
insuto ferroque rigebant, Verg. ; 3, poet., to be
stiffened ; auro or ex auro, Verg. B. Transf., 1,
to be stiff = to be immovable ;' nervi rigent, Hor. ;
2, to stand stiff or upright ; cervix riget horrida,
Ov.; of hair, to stand on f)id;gelido comae terrore
rigebant, Ov. II. Fig., feritas immota riget,
Mart.
rlge?30, rigiii (inchoat. of rigeo), .T. to groxo
stiff, become stiff. I. Lit., with eoid ; vpstes
rigescunfe, Verg. II. Transf., of hair, to stand
on end (from terror) ; metii capillos rignisse,
Ov.
riglde, adv. (rigidus), stiffy; fig., rigorously,
severely, Ov.
rigidus -a -um (rigeo), stiff, unbending, rigid.
I. A. Lit., from cold ; tellurem BoreS rlgidam
inovere, Verg. ; or by nature, hard ; silex, Ov. ;
ensis, Verg. B. Transf., 1, stiff = standing up-
right ; columna, Ov. ; capilli, Ov. ; 2, stiff.
stretched out ; crura, Cic; cervix, Liv, II. Fig.,
I, immovable, inflexible ; innocentia, Liv.; vultus,
Ov. ; 2, stiff, rough, unpolished; mores, Ov. ;
signa ngidiora, not elaborated, Cic; 3. stem,
inflexible ; satelles, Hor. ; censor, Ov. ; 4, wild,
savage ; ferae, Ov.
rigo, 1. I, to lead or conduct water to any
place. A. Lit., aqiiam per agros, ap. Liv. B,
Fig., hinc motus per membra rigantur, Luci 1 .
II. to wet, moisten, bedew. A. 1, lit., lucum
fons perenni rigabataqua, Liv.; 2, poet., transf.,
to bedew; oia lacrimis, tletibus, Verg., Ov. ; 3,
fig., Prop._
Rigodulum -i, n. a town in the country oj
the Treveri, now Jlicol or Eeol.
rigor -oris, m. (rigeo), stiffness, rigidity,
hardness. I. Gen., A. Lit., of gold, Lucr. ; of
wood or iron, Verg. B. Fig., 1, severity, harsh-
ness, sternness, Tac ; 2, roughness, rudeness,
harshness of manner, Ov. II. Esp., rigidity or
j umbness produced by cold ; torpentibus ligore
membra, Liv.
rigiius -a -um (rigo). I. Act., watering,
irrigating; amnes, Verg. II. Pass., well-
watered, irrigated; hortus, Ov.
rima -ae, f. a crack, cleft, fissure ; rimas agcre,
Cic. ; naves rimis dehiscunt, spring a teak,
Verg.; poet., ignea rima micans, the lightning,
Verg.
rimor, 1. dep. (rima), to cleave. I. Gen., to
turn up; terrain rastris, Verg. II. Esp., to
grub up, burrow through, root up. A. Lit., of
birds and other animals, Verg. B. Transf., to
turn over, pry into, search, examine; id quoqne
rimatur quantum potest, Cic ; secreta, Tac.
rimosus -a -um (rima), full of cracks, chinks,
fissures; cymba, Verg.; fig., quao rimosa bene
deponuntur in aure, that cannot keep a secret,
Hor.
ringor, 3. dep. to show the teeth; fig., to
snarl, growl, be angry at, Hor.
rlpa -ae, f. a bank. I. Lit., the bank of a
river (litus, tlie shore of the sea, ora, the sea-
coast); ripa niagni fiuminis, Cic; plur., ripac, of
one of the banks of a river, Liv. II. Poet, and
post-classical, (ae shore of the sea, Hor.
Ripaeus = Rhiphaeus (q.v.).
viparius -a -um (ripa), frequenting river-
banks ; hirnndo, Plin.
Riphaeus (Rhiphaeus, Rhipaeus,
P-ipaous) -a -um ('l'in-aro<r), name of a country
in Sarmatia or Scythia ; arces, the Riphaean
■mountains ; pruina, Verg.
ripula -ae, f. (dim. of ripa), (/ little bank (of
a river), Cic.
risous -i, m. (jko-ko?), a box, chest, trunk,
Ter.
risio -dills, f. (rideo), lauahivg, laughter,
Plant.
risor -oris, m. (rideo), a laugher, mocker,
Hor.
risus -lis, m. (rideo), laughing, laughter;
in a bad sense, jeering, ridicule, t. Lit., hom-
inuni de te, Cic. ; risus consecutus est, non in
te, scd in crrorem tuum, Cic. ; miros risus edere,
rit
491
rog
£ie. ; risuin movere, commovere, excitare, to
muse laughter, Cic. ; risus captare, to try to raise
a laugh, Cic ; risum tenero, continere, to check,
Cic. II. Meton;, an object of laughter; deus
omnibus risus erat, Ov.
rite, adv. (root RI, Gr. PE-w. whence ritus ;
prop, abl., instead of ritu). I, with suitable
religious ceremonies ; deos colere, Cic. II.
Transf., A. properly, duly, fitly, rightly ; deuin
rite beatuin dicero, Cic. ; rebus rite paratis,
Verg. J poet., fortunately, luckily; propinquaie
augunum, verg. ; 2, usually, in the ordinary
manner; quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt
domos, Hor.
rltualis -e (ritus), relating to religious usage;
libri, Cic.
ritus -us, m. (root RI, Gr. PE-w, lit., course).
I. religious custom, usage, ceremony, rite, Cic.
II. Gen., a custom, usage, observance ; ritus Cy-
clopum, Ov. ; esp. abl., ritu, after the incomer
of, as; mulierum ritu, Li v.; pecudum ritu, lat-
ronum ritu, Cic.
rlvalis -e (rivus), of or relating to a brook or
canal. I. Adj., Col. II. Subst., A. Lit., one
who uses a brook or canal in common with another.
B. Transf., a rival in love, rival suitor, Ov.; prov.,
se aniare sine rivali, to have no rival to fear, Cic.
rivalitas -atis, f. (rivalis), rivalry (in love),
Cic.
rlviilus -i, m, (dim. of rivus), a small brook,
rivulet; fig., Cic.
rivus -i, m. (root RI, Gr. PE-<o, whence
peva-ai), a stream. 1. 1, lit., a, a broo'- ■ rivorum
a fonte deductio, Cic ; b, nit artijict J water-
nurse, channel, dyke; rivos ducere, Ov. ; 2,
transf., a stream, of other fluids, such as blood,
milk, etc. ; lacrimarum, Ov. ; rivis currentia
vhifi, Verg. II. Fig., a stream, course; fortuuae,
Hor.
rixa -ae, f. (connected with epis, epCfr), a
quarrel, brawl, strife, dispute, (a) between men ;
Academiae nostrae cum Zenone magna rixa est,
Cic. ; (/3) between animals, Ov.
rixator -oris, m. (rixor), a brawler, Quint.
rixor, 1. dep. (rixa), to quarrel, braui; cum
aliquo de amicula, Cic.
robiginosus -a -um (robigo), rusty, Plaut. ;
robiginosis dentibus cuncta rodit, with envious
teeth, Mart.
1. robigo (rubigo) -inis, f. (1. robus, ruber),
rust. I. Lit., sea bra robigine pila, Verg. ;
ferrum robigine roditur, Ov. ; poet., of the dark
deposit on the teeth, Ov. II. Fig., the rust of
inactivity or oblivion; ingenium longa robigine
laesum torpet, Ov.
2. Robigo (Rubigo) -Inis, f. and Robi-
gus (Rubigus) -i, m. (1. robigo), the deity
invoked by the Romans to preserve their grain
from mildew. Hence, Roblgalia -ium, n. the
festival of the deity Robigo, celebrated annually on
the 25th of April.
robor = robur (q.v.).
roboreus -a -uin (robur), oaken, Ov.
roboro, 1. (robur), to strengthen, make firm.
I. Lit., artus, Lucr. II. Fig., pectora, Hor.;
gravitatem (animi), Cic.
robur (robus, archaic) -oris, n. (root RO,
Gr. 'fO-wufu, 'PCi-fi-q), strength, I. Lit., hard
■wood; csp., oak, oak-wood; a, gen., quercus
antiquo robore, Verg. ; sapiens non est c saxo
sculptus cut e robore dnlatus, Cic; b, poet., of
other hard wood, morsus roboris (of the oleaster),
Verg. II. Meton., A. Of things made of oak
or other hard wood ; a, in robore accumbunt,
on oaken benches, Cic. ; robur sacrum, the Trojan
horse, Verg. ; robur praeflxum ferro, a lance,
Verg.; b, esp., the underground cellar in the
prison ofServius Tullius at Rome, also called the
Tullianum, Liv. B. hardness, strength, firm-
ness; 1, a, of physical strength, robur jnventae,
Liv. ; b, of political power, necjue Ids ipsis
tantum umquam virium ant roboris fuit, Liv. ;
c, of intellectual or moral strength, firmness,
constancy; alter virtutis robore tiriiiior quain
aetatis, Cic. ; robur incredibile animi, Cic. ; 2,
concr., the strength, pith of anything; a, vcr-
sarls in optimoruin civium vel ilore vel robore,
Cic; b, of soldiers, the flower of the army;
quod fuit roboris duobus proeliis'interiit, Caes.
1. robus -a -um, archaic = rufus, red, Juv.
2. robus -oris, n. = robur (q.v.).
robustus -a -um (robur). I. of hard wood,
of oak, oaken; stipites, Liv. II. Transf., 1,
s' ong, powerful, hard, firm, solid, robust ; si esses
uau atque aerate robustior, Cic; 2, intelleclualh
strong, powerful; animus, Cic; malum lit ro
bustius, Cic.
rddo, rosi, rosum, 3. to gnaw, nibble at. I.
Lit.,'1, vivos ungues, Hor.; 2, llg., to cal-
umniate, disparage, backbite, slander ; absentem
ainlcum, Hor. ; absol., in conviviis rodunt, Cic.
II. Transf., to eat aivay, corrode, consume; fer-
rum robigine roditur, Cic
1. rodus — raudus (q.v.).
2. rodus = nidus (q.v.).
rddusculum = raudusculum (q.v.).
rogalis -e (rogus), of or relating to the funeral
pile, Ov.
rogatio -Onis, f. (rogo). T , asking, question.
A. Act., asking, Cic. B. rass. , that which is
asked, a question ; a, as a figure of speech, Cic. ;
b, polit. t. t., a proposal, proposition, project of
law, bill laid before the people; Caecilia, proposed
by Caecilius, Cic; rogationem ad populum ferre,
Caes. ; rogationem pcrferre, Cic. II. a request,
entreaty, Cic
rogatmncula -ae, f. (dim. of rogatio). I.
a little question, Cic. II. an unimportant pro-
posal or bill, Cic.
rogator -oris, m. (rogo), one who asks. I.
the proposer of a bill, Cic. II. an officer who took
the votes in the comitia, a polling-clerk ; rogator
primus, the one who took the votes of the pre-
rogative century, Cic.
rogatus -fi, m. (rogo), a request, entreaty;
rogatu tuo, Cic. ; eius rogatu, Cic.
rSgitatio -5nis, f. (rogito), a proposition,
project of law, Plaut.
rSglto, 1. (freq. of rogo), to ask, inquire
frequently or eagerly ; rogitante.s alii alios, Liv. ;
quid reisint, rogitant, Liv.
rogo, 1. (root ROG, Gr. OPr, whence bpeyu,
opiyoixai), to stretch after something, to fetch. I.
Lit, Plaut. II. Transf., A. to ask, inquire,
question ; 1, gen., a, aliquem aliqnid : quid me
istud rogas? Cic; b, with de and the abl., quae
de te ipso rogaro, Cic. ; c, with dep. intcrrog.
sent., rogatus de cybaea, quid responderit, Cic;
2, esp., a, polit. t. t., (a) aliquem sententiam
or aliquem, to ask a person his opinion ; qnos
priores sententiam rogabat, Cic. ; (/3) rogare
populum or legem or absol., lit., to ask the people
about a km; hence, to make a proposal, proposition,
project of law, etc., to the people, to propose a bill ;
rogare populum, Cic. ; rogare plebem, Cic. ; rog-
aro legem, Cic; (7) rogare (populum) magis-
tratnm, to propose a magistrate to the choice of the
people, offer a person for election ; ut consules
roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat, Cic. ; b,
milit. t. t., rogare milites sacramento, to ad-
minister an oath to the troops, Caes. B. to ask
rog
492
rot
entreaty beseech, request ; 1, gen., a, aliquem
nliquid, Cic. ; b, aliquem; Taunim de aqua per
fundum eius ducenda, Cic ; c, with ut or ne
nnd the suhj., or the subj. alone, id ut facias, te
etiain atque etiam rogo, Cic. ; Caesar consolatus
rogat tincm oiandi faciat, Caes. ; d, nbsol.,
Cic. ; 2, esp., to invite; aliquem, Cic. (archaic,
subj. perf., rogassit, rogassint, Cic).
' rdgUS -i, m. a funeral pile ; rogum exstruere,
Cic; aliquem in rogum Imponere, Cic; poet.,
carmina diHugiunt rogos, escape destruction, Ov
Roma -ae, f. ('Pw/xi). Rome, the chief city of
Ixitium and the Roman empire, founded 753 or 754
B.C. ; honoured as a goddess in a separate temple.
Hence, A. Romanus -a -um, 1 Roman ; ludi,
the oldest names at Rome (also called ludi inagul
and maxiini), Cic. ; Romano more, straightfor-
wardly, candidly, Cic; Romanuni est, it is the
Roman custom; foil, by ace and infln., Liv. ;
subst, a, Romanus -i, in., (a) sing., collect.
= Vie liomans, Liv. ;_ (/?) plur., Romani, the
Somatis, Cic; b, Romana -ae, f. a Roman
woman; 2, = Latin ; lingua, Ov.
Romulus -i, in. son of Ilia or Rhea Silvia
and Mars, twin brother of Remus, the founder and
first king of Rome, worshipped after his death
under Me name of Quirinus. Hence. A. Adj.,
Rcmule us -a -um, of Romulus ; fera 2 the she-
wolf wh ich suckled Romillus, Ju v. B. Romulus
-a -um, a, belonging to Romulus ; (icus = Runii-
nalis, Ov. ; b, Roman, Verg. C. Romulldes
-at, a descendant of Romulus ; plur., Romulldae
-arum and -um, poet., the Romans, Verg.
rorarli -5rum, ill. (sc. milites), a kind of
light-armed troops, skirmishers, Liv.
rorldus -a -um (ros), bedewed, Prop.
rorifer -fSra -fSrum (ros and fero), rfei;;-
briaging, Lucr.
rdro, 1. (ros). I. Intransit., to cause dew, to
drop or distil dew. A. Lit., quiiiu rorare
Titlionia conjux coeperit, Ov. B. Transf., to
drip, drop, be moist; rorant pennae, Ov. ; capilli
rorantes, Ov. ; rorabant sanguine vepres, Verg.
II. Transit., to bedew, cover with dew. A. Lit.,
roratae rosae, Ov.. B. Transf., 1, to moisten,
water ; ora laerimi9, Lucr. ; 2, to drip, let fall in
drops; roratae aquae, Ov. ; pocula romntia, which
let full the wine drop by drop, Cic.
rorillentus -a-nm (ros), bedewed, dewy, Plin.
ros, roris, m. (connected with Sp6<ro(;), dewy.
I. Lit., ros nocturnus, Caes. II. Transf., I,
poet., any dripping moisture ; rores pluvii, rain-
clouds, Hor. ; of tears, stillare ex oculis roreni,
Hor.; stillans, blood, Ov. ; of perfume, Arabus,
Ov. ; 2, ros marlnus, or in one word losinarinus,
rosemary, Hor.; poet., ros maris, Ov. ; or simply
ros, Verg.
rdsa -ae, f. a rose. I. A As a flower, a, Cic;
pleiia rosarum atria, Ov. ; b, collect. = roses,
a garland of roses ; reticulum plenum rosae, Cic;
in'rosa, crowned with roses, Cic B. As a plant,
flpres rosae, Hor., Verg. II. As term of endear-
ment, mea rosa, my rosebud, Plaut.
rSsaceus -a -um (rosa), made of roses, Plin. ;
rosaceum oleum, or subst., r<5saccura -i, n.
oil of roses, Plin.
rdsarius -a -um (rosa), made of roses, Plin. ;
subst., rdsarium -i, n. a rose-garden, rosary,
Verg.
roscldus -a -um (ros), bedewed, dewy. I.
Lit., mala, Verg.; mella, dripping like dew,
Verg.; dea, Av> a, Ov. II. Poet., transf.,
moistened, watered; Hernica saxa rivis, Verg.
ROSOIUS -a -urn, 7iawie of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of which were : 1, Sex.
Roscius, of Anuria, accused of the murder of his
father, and defended by Cicero ; 2, Q. Roscius,
of Lanuvivm, a celebrated Roman actor, Vic
contemporary and friend of Cicero; appellat.,
a Roscius — a master in his art; hence, adj..
Rosolanus -a -um, Roscian; iniitatio, Cic;
3, L. Roscius Otlio, friend of Cicero, tribune oj
the people, proposer of the lex Roscia ; adj., Ros-
oius -a -um, Roscian ; lex Roscia, a laiv giving
the eijuites special seats in the theatre.
Rosea (Rosia) -ae, f. a district in the- Sabine
country,_famous for the rearing of horses. Hence,
adj., Roseus -a -um, Rosnan.
rSsetum -I, n. (rosa), a garden of roses,
Varr.
1. rSseus -a -um (rosa). I. made of roses,
full of roses; strophlum, Verg. II. Meton.,
rose-coloured, rosy ; rubor, Ov. ; poet., epithet of
the deities of the morning and of light ; dea,
Aurora, Ov. ; Phoebus, Verg.; so of anything
young or fresh, blooming ; csp., of parts of the
body, cervix, os (of Venus), Verg.
2. Roseus -a -um, v. Rosea.
rosidus = roscidus (q.v.).
rdslo -dnis, f. (rodo), corrosion, Plin.
rosmarinus, v. ros.
rostellum -i, n. (dim. of rostrum), a little
beak or snout, Plin.
rostra -drum, n., v. rostrum.
rostratus -a -um (rostrum), having a beak
or hook, beaked ; esp., of the beaked orna-
ment of ships,' curved; navis, Cic; corona, o
crown ornamented with small figures of the beaks
of ships, given to the person, who first boarded an
enemy's ship, Plin.; hence, poet., transf., cui
tempera navali fulgent rostrata coronS, with
the crown of honoxir on his brow, Verg. ; coluinna
rostrata, the pillar adorned with ships' prows,
erected in the forum to commemorate the naval
victory of Duilius, Liv.
rostrum -i, n. (rodo), that which gnaws. I.
Lit., in birds, the beak; in other animals, the
snout, Cic. II. Transf., of things resembling a
beak or snout ; esp., A. the curved end of a ship's
prow, a ship's beak (used for ramming other ships),
Caes. B. Meton., 1 poet., the prow of a ship,
Verg. ; 2, rostra -urum, n. the speaker's plat-
form or trilmne in the forum (so called because
ornamented with the prows of the ships taken
from the Antiates, 33S n.c.) ; esccndeic in rostra,
Cic. ; descendere de rostris, Cic; a rostris, Hor.
rftta -ae, f. a wheel. I. Lit., A. Gen., the
wheel of a carriage, Lucr.; of a machine, no
ourrente rota funis eat retro, Hor. B. Esp., 1,
a wheel for torture (Gr. Tpoxos), in rotani nsccn-
dere, Cic ; used often of the wheel of Ixion,
rota orbis Ixionii, Verg.; 2, a potter's wheel;
curretite rots cur urceus exit? Hor. ; 3, a wheel
or roller for moving heavy weights, Tac II.
Transf., 1, the wheel of a chariot : meton., poet.,
the chariot itseY; pedibusve rotlve, Ov. ; plur.,
rotae, Verg. ; 2, the sun's disk, Lucr. ; 3, the
course in a circus, Prop. III. Fig., 1, I'ortunae
rota, the wheel, vicissitudes of fortune, Cic. ; 2,
poet., imparibus vecta Thalia rofis, in the un-
equal alternation of hexameter and pentameter,
i.e., in elegiac verse, Ov.
rdto, 1. (rota). I. Transit., tn cause to turn
round, like a wheel, to whirl round, swing round..
A. Lit., ensem fulmineum, to brandish, Verg. ;
middle, rotari, to revolve, to turn or roll round;
clrcuin caput igne rotato, Ov. B. Fig., Juv.
II. Intransit., to turn or wheel round; saxa
rotantia, Verg.
rotula -ae, f. (dim. of rota), a little wheel,
Plaut.
rot
493
ruf
rotunde, adv. (rotundus), roundly; fig., of
expression, elegantly, smoothly, Cic.
rotunditas -atis, f. (rotundus), roundness,
rotundity, Plin.
rotundo, 1. (rotundus), to round, make round.
I. Lit,, Cic. II. Transf., to make up a round
sum of money ; mille talenta rotundentur, Hor.
rfttundus -a -urn (rota), rouiui, circular,
spherical. I. Lit, caelum, Hor. ; nihil rotund-
ius, Cic; prov., mutat quadrata rotunda, turn
everything upside down, Hor. II. Transf., 1,
rouiui, perfect, complete, self-contained; teres
atque rotundus, Hor. ; 2, of style, well-rounded
elegant, smooth, well-turned ; verborum apU et
quasi rotunda constructio, Cic.
riibefacio -feci -factum, 3. (rubeo and facio),
to redden, make red, Ov.
riibeHus -a -urn (dim. of ruber), reddish,
somewhat red, Plin.
rubens -entis, p. adj. (from rubeo), red,
reddish ; 1, gen., uva, Verg. ; 2, esp., red with
shame, blushing, Tib.
• rubeo, 2. (v. ruber), 1, to be red; sol rubere
solitus, Liv.; 2, to be red with shame, blush, Cic.
ruber -bra -brum (root RU, whence rufus
and rutilus), red, riuldy. I. Gen., flainma, Ov.;
sanguis, Hor. ; aequor rubrum oceani, reddenal
by the setting sun, Yerg. II. Adj. proper, A.
Kubruin Mare, the lied Sea, the Arabian and
Persian Gulfs, Cic. B. Saxa^ Rubra, a place in
Etruria, not far from Cremera, Cic.
rubesco -bui, 3. (rubeo), to grow red, become
red ; mare rubescebat radiis, Verg.
1. rubeta -ae, f. (rubus), a species of toad
found in bramble-bushes, Juv.
2. rubeta -orum, n. (rubus), bramble-bushes,
Ov.
1. riibeus (rSbeus) -a -um (ruber), red,
reddish, Varr.
2. riibeus -a -um (rubus), made of bramble,
twigs; virga, Verg.
Rubi -orum, m. a town in Apulia, now Ruvo.
rubia -ae, f. madder, Plin.
RublCO -5nis, in. a small river tn Italy, south
of Ravenna, which before the time of Augustus
marked the boundary between Italia and Gallia
Cisalpina, the crossing of which by Caesar was an
act of war against the senate; now Visatello, also
called Rukon.
rublcundiilus -a -um (dim. of rubicundus),
somewhat red (for sliame), Juv. .
rubicundus -a -um (rubeo), red, reddish,
ruddy, rubicund; Priapus, painted red, Ov. ;
matrona, browned by the sun, Ov.; Ceres, golden-
red, Verg.
rubidus -a -um (ruber), red, reddish, ruddy,
Plaut.
Rubigalia, v. 2. Robigo.
rublgo = robigo (q.v.).
Rublgus, v. 2. Robigo.
rubor -Oris, m. (rubeo), redness. I. a, red
paint, rouge ; fucati medicainenta candor! . et
ruboris, Cic. ; b, purple ; Tyrii rubores, V 3rg.
II. As a quality, 1, lasting, a, gen., Ov. ; b,
the red lint of the skin, glow; llle fusus et
candore mixtus rubor, Cic. ; 2, momentary, a,
redness of the skin; flainmae latcntis indicium
rubor est, Ov. ; b, glow of the eyes in anger;
saepe suum fervens oculis dabat ira ruborem,
Ov.; c reddening from shame, blush ; Masiuissae
rubor suIVusub, Liv.; alicui non rubor est, with
infin., one need not blush that, etc., Ov. ; hence,
meton., (a) modesty, Cic. ; (jS) the cause of shame,
disgrace, Cic.
Rubra Saxa, v. ruber.
rubrlca -ae, f. I. red earth, and esp., red
ochre, Hor. II. Meton., the title of a law whKh
was written in red, the rubric; and hence, the
law itself, Pers.
rubrioosus -a -um (rubrica), full of red
earth, Plin.
rubus -i, m. (root RU, whence rubor), 1,
a bramble-bush, Caes". ; 2, a blackberry, Prop. ; « •
ructo, 1 and ructor, 1. dep. (root RUC,
whence ructus, erugo, eiucto), 1, to belch,
eructate, Cic; 2, to belch out, vomit forth; ng.,
versus, Hor.
ructor = ructo (q.v.). !
ructus -us, m. (conn, with ructo), belching,
eructation, Cic
riidens -entis, m. (f. Plaut.), a strong rope,
cable; rudentis explicate, Cic; stridor ru-
dentum, Verg.
ruder a -um, n., v. 1. rudus.
Rudiae -arum, f. a town in Calabria, birth-
place of Ennius, now Rotigliano or Ruge. Hence,
Rudinus -a-um, of Rudiae; Rudiuus homo,
i.e., Ennius, Cic.
rudiarlus -fi, m. (2. rudis), a gladiator who
had been presented with a rudis, i.e., one who had
served his time, a discharged gladiator, buet,
rudloula -ae, f. (dim. of 2. rudis), a small
wooden spoon, used in cooking, Plin.
rudimentum -i, n. (rudis), the first trial or
beginning in anything, an attempt, essay ; a,
a ..." __„: „.,o,.;i;o T.iv • >» in war-
gen., primum regni puenlis, Liv. ; D,
fare, imlitare, L?v. ; belli, Verg. ; rudimentum
adolesceutiae ponere, Liv.
Rudinus, v. Rudiae.
1 rudis -e, rough, raw, rude, unwrougM,
uncultivated. I. Lit., a, of tilings, rudis
campus, Verg.; rudis indigestaque moles, chaos,
Ov. ; lana, unspun, Ov. ; b, poet, of living
creatures, young, fresh, Cat. II. iransi.,
rude, uncultivated, unrefined, ignorant, un-
skilled, inexperienced; (a) absol., forma quaedam
in" enii admodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic ,
rudis et integer discipulus, Cic; (0) with in and
the abl. or the abl. alone, in disserendo, Cic. ;
arte, Ov. ; (v) with ad and the ace. rudis ad
pedestria bella gens, Ov.; («) with genit,
Graecarum literanim, Cic.
2 rudis -is, f. a small stick. I. a ladle,
scoop, used for stirring and mixing in cooking,
Plin II. a staff used for soldiers and gladiators
in fencing exercises, a foil, Liv. ; a staff of this
kind was given to a gladiator on Ins discharge
from service ; tain bonus gladiator rudem tain
cito accepisti? Cic; hence, transf., rude douan,
to be discharged, Ov.
rudo, rttdivi, 3. to bellow, roar. I. Lit, of
lions, Yerg. ; of asses, to bray, Ov. II. Transf.,
a, of men, Verg. ; b, of things, prora rudens,
rattling, Verg.
1. rudus (rodus) -ens, n. 1, broken frag-
ments of stone used for making fioors, Plin. , 4,
rubbish from ruined buildings, lac.
2. rudus = rauuL's (q.v.).
rudusoiilum = raudusculum (q.v.).
rufesco, 3. (rufus), to grow reddish, Plin.
rufo, 1. (rufus), to make reddish, Plin.
Rufrae -arum, f. a town in Campania, on the
borders of Samnium.
Rufrlum -li, n. a town of the IHrpini, now
rufulus -a -um (dim. of rufus). I. reddish,
somewhat red, Plaut. II. Rnfuli, those tnbun
militum who were chosen by the army or generaf
himself (p^p- comitiati), I4v.
ruf
494
rur
rufiis -a -urn (root RU, whence ruber and
rutilus), red, ruddy, reddish, Plaut., Ter.
ruga -ae, f. a wrinkle in the face. I. Lit.,
Hor. ; suleare rugis cutem, Ov. ; as a sign of
age, non rugae auctoritatem arripere possunt,
Cic. ; of sadness, nunc ruga tristis abit, Ov. ;
of anger, a frown; rugas coegit, Ov. ; populum
rugis supercilioquo decepit, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, nitidis rebus maculam ac rugani figere, to dis-
grace, mar, Juv. ; 2, a creese, fold, plait of any
kind, Plin.
Kugli -5rum, m. a German people between the
Elbe and the Weichsel, and on the island of Riige.n.
rugo, 1. (ruga). I. Transit., to fold, wrinkle,
Plin. II. Intransit, to be wrinkled, Plaut.
rugosus -a -um (ruga), full of wrinkles,
wrinkled; genae, Ov.; cortex, Ov.; rugosus frig-
ore pagus, villagers, Hor.
ruma -ae, f. (ruo), a falling down, fall. I.
A. Lit., 1, jumentorum sareinarumque, Liv. ;
2, esp., the falling down of a building; turns,
Cues. ; e& ruina oppressura interne, Cic. ;
ruinam dare, to fall down, Verg. B. Transf.,
fall, ruin, disaster, calamity, catastrophe, destruc-
tion; urbis, Liv.; ruinae fortunarnm tuaruni,
Cic. j'ille dies utramque ducet ruinam, death,
Hor. II. Meton., A. that which falls down; 1,
caeli ruina, a rain-storm, Verg. ; 2, the ruins of
a building, rubbish; gen. in plur., ruinae tera-
plorom, Liv. B. Of persons, a destroyer, over-
throv:er, bane; reipublicae, Cic; ruinae pub-
licanorum, Piso and Gabinins, Cic.
ruinosus -a -um (ruina), going to ruin ; 1,
ruinous; aedes, Cic; 2, ruined, fallen ; domu.s,
Ov.
Rullus -i, ni., i . Servilius, tribune of the
people, against whom Cicero delivered three speeches.
ruma = rumis (q.v ).
rumen -Inis, n. the gullet.
rumex -Icis, c sorrel, Plin.
rumifico, 1. (minor and facio), to report,
Plaut
Ruroina -ae, f. (ruma), a Roman goddess,
whose temple stood near the fig-tree under which,
according to the legend, the she-wolf had suckled
Romulus and Remus. Hence, Rummaiis
ricus, Liv., also called Rfuulna ficus, the fig-
tree, above-mentioned, Ov.
ruminatio -onis, f. (rmnino), a chewing the
cud. I. A. Lit., Plin. B. a repetition, return,
Plin. II. turning over in the mind, ruminating
upon, Cic.
rununo, 1. and ruminor, 1. dep. (rumen),
to chew the cud, ruminate, chew over again ;
pallentes lierbas, Verg.
rumis -is, f. and ruma ae, f. the breast,
teat, Plin.
rumor -oris. m. a dull noise. I. Gen., a, of
things, the noise of the oars, Verg. 1 ; b, murmur-
ing, murmur, confused cry; rnmore secundo =
ciimore secundo, with favouring shout, Hor.
II. A. a report, rumour, common talk, hearsay;
rumores incerti, Caes. ; rumor inulta fingit,
Caes. ; rumor multa perfei t, Cic ; with genit. of
the cause, uno rumore perieuli, Cic ; with <le
and the abl., graves de te rumores, Cic;
rumor est, with ace and infin., Cic; rumor
vulgatur, Liv. ; crebri rumores aflbrebontur,
Caes. ; iuorebrescit rumor, Liv. B. common or
general opinion, popular judgment; 1, gen.,
parva aura rnmoris, Cic; 2, esp., good opinion;
rurnorem quendam et plausum popularcin esse
quaesitum, Cic.
rumpo, rupi, ruptum, 3. to break, break in
pieces, burst, rend, tear asunder. I, Lit., A.
Gen., 1, vincuk, Cic. ; pontem, to break down,
Liv. ; pass., rumpi = to be burst ; inflataa rumpi
vesiculas, Cic; 2, to burst, split, injure, damage;
jecur, Juv. ; pass., rumpi, as middle = to burst;
ut licentia audacium, qua ante rumpebar (burst
with anger), nunc no movear quidem, Cic; 3,
mili t. t. t., to brea!; through; ordines, mediam
aciom, Liv.; 4, poet., transf., unde tibi reditnm
ceito subtemine Parcae rupere, cut off, Hor.
B. 1, to break through, to force, make open ; ferro
per hostes viam, Verg. ; eo cuueo viuni, Liv. ;
2, to cause to break forth ; a, fontem, Ov. ;
oiten reflex., se rumpere, and middle, rumpi, to
break forth ; tantus se nubibus imber ruperat,
Verg.; b, to cause a sound to burst forth, to utter ;
questus, Verg. II. Fig., to break; a, to destroy,
violate, annul, make void; foedera, Cic; jus
gentium, Liv. ; testamentum, Cic. ; b, to break
off, interrupt, disturb; visum, Cic; somnuni,
Verg.; silentia, Ov.; rumpe moras, Verg.
rumusculus -i, in. (dim. of rumor), a
trifling rumour, idle talk, gossip; imperitorum
homiuum rumusculos aucupari, Cic.
rur.a -ae, f. a species of missile, a dart or
javelin, Cic (?)
runclnc, 1. to plane, plane off, Plaut.
runco, 1. to weed, thin out, Plin.
ruo, riii, rutum, but partic fut., ruiturns, ".
(connected with pew, to flow), to run, to rush, to
hasten. I. Intransit., A Gen., 1, lit., a, of
persons, (Pompejum) ruere nuntiant et jam
jamque adesse, Cic. ; in aquam caeci ruebant,
Liv. ; b, of rivers, de montibus, Verg. ; c, of
sounds, unde ruunt, rush forth, Verg. ; d, of
night and day, ruifc oceano nox, hastens over,
Verg. ; (but) nox ruit, hastensaway, Verg. ; 2, tig.,
a f in armaac dimicationcm, Liv. ; adintcritum, ,
Cic ; b, esp. of over hasty actions, to be hasty,
precipitate; ruere in agendo, in dicendo, Cic B.
to fall down, sink, fall to the ground ,- 1, lit., a,
poet., of persons, ruebant victores vic.tique,
Verg. ; b, of things, ruere ilia non possunt, ut
haee non eodem lal»'iacta motii non concidant,
Cic. ; 2, transf., to fall, be ruined; ruere illamrem-
publicam, Cic. II. Transf., A 1, to snatch up,
pick up ; a, cinerem ct confusa ossa focis, Verg. ;
b, to collect together, scrape together ; unde divitias
aerisque ruam acervos, Hor. ; 2, to cast up from
below; a, ruere spumas salis aere (of ships),
V" rg. ; b, legal, t. t., rata et cacsa, and by asyn-
deton, riita eaesa, everything on an estate dug up
(ruta), and fallen down (caesa), minerals v.nA
timber, Cic. B. to cast down; immauem niolem
volvunlque ruuntque, Verg.
rupes -is, f. (rumpo), a rock, cliff, Caes., Liv.
rupicapra -ae, f. (rupes and capra), a
chamois, Plin.
ruptor -oris, m. (rumpo), abrcaker, violator;
foederis, Liv.
ruricola -ae, c. (rus and colo), inhabiting
cultivating the country ; boves, Ov. ; deus, Pria-
pus, Ov. Subst., ruricola -ae, m. a country-
man, a tiller of the field; poet., of an ox, Ov.
rurlgena -ae, m. (rus and gigno), bom in the
country, rustic. Subst, rurigenae -arum, p,
the countryfolk, Ov.
ruro, 1. and ruror, 1. dep. (rus), to live in
the country, Plaut.
rursiis and rursum, adv. (contr. for re-
vorsus, revorsum, i.e., reversus, reversum). I.
backward, back; rursum trahunt, Cic. II.
Transf., A. on the other ha.nd, on the contrary,
in return; rursus repudiaret, Cic B. To ex-
press repetition of a previous action, again,
once more, afresh ; rursus sevocanda videatur
Cic. ; rursus resistens, Caes,
rus
495
Sab
rus, ruris, n. the country (in opposition to the
town), lands, a country-seat, villa, farm. I. Lit.,
habes rus amoenuin, Cic. ; ace, rus, to the
country, Plaut, ; plur., in sua rura venire, Cic. ;
abl., rure, and locat., ruri, in the country ; ruri
vivere, Cic. II. Meton., manent vestigia ruris,
truces of boorish nature, lior.
Ruscino -onis, f. a town in Gallia Narbo-
nensis, on a river of the same name, now Tourde
Rousillon.
ruscum -i, n. and ruscus -1, f. butclicr's
broom, Verg.
Rusellae -arum, f. one of the twelve confeder-
ate towns of Etruria, now ruins near Roselle ;
hence, adj., Kusellanus -a -um, belonging to
Rusellae.
russus -a -um, red, russet. Cat.
rusticanus -a -um (rusticus), of or relating
to the country, rustic; vita rusticana, Cic; hom-
ines rusticani, Cic.
rusticatio -5nis, f. (rusticor). I. a living in
the country, Cic. II. agriculture, Cic.
rustice, adv. (rusticus). I. like a rustic, in
a countrified manner ; loqui, Cic. II. Metun.,
clownishly, avjkwardly ; faeere, Cic.
ntsticitas -atis, f. (rusticus), a, rustic
■manners, rusticity, awkioardii-ess, Ov. ; b, "bash-
fulness, timidity, Ov.
rusticor, 1. dep. (rusticus), to live in the
country, to rusticate; abso)., Cic. ; cum aliquo,
Cic.
rusticulus -a -um (dim. of rusticus), some-
what rustic, boorish. Subst., rusticulus -i,
in. a little countryman, a little rustic, Cic.
rusticus -a -um (rus), of or belonging to the
country, rund, rustic. I. Lit., A. Adj., praedium,
Cic. ; vita, Cic. ; homo, a countryman, Cic. B.
Subst., rustlCUS -i, m. a countryman, a rustic,
Cic. II. Meton., country-like. A. In a good
sense, plain, simple, homely ; mores, Cic. S.
In a bad sense, clownish, countrified, awkward,
boorish; rustica vox et agrestis, Cic. Subst.,
rusticus -i, m. a boor, clown; rustica -ae, f.
a country-girl, Ov.
\. ruta -ae, f. (pv-rj), the herb rue. I. Lit.,
Cic. ; plur.,Ov. II. Fig., bitterness, unpleasant-
ness, Cic.
2. ruta caesa, v. ruo.
rutabulum -i, n. (ruo), afire-shovel, Suet.
rutatus -a -um (1. ruta), flavoured with rue,
Mart.
Ruteni (Rutheni) -drum, m. a Celtic
people in Gallia Aquitania, in modern Rovergue,
with capital Segodunum, now Rlwdez.
rutilesco, 3. (rutilo), to become reddish,
Plin.
RutiliUS -a -um (orig. appellat. = red),
name of a Roman gens, the most celebrated member
of which ivas P. Rutilius Rufus, an. orator and
historian, consul in tlie time of Marius.
rutilo, 1. (rutilus). I. Intransit., to shine
with a reddish gleam, to glitter like gold ; anna
rutilare vident, Verg. II. Transit., to make
reddish, to dye red ; comae rutilatae, Liv.
rutilus -a -um (root RU, whence ruber and
rufus), red, gold-red, golden, yellow, auburn; ca-
pilli, Ov. ; ignis, Verg. ; cruor, Ov. ; fulgor, Cic.
rutrum -i, n. (ruo), a spade, shovel, Liv.
rutula -ae, f. (dim. of ruta), a little bit of
rue, Cic.
Rutull -orurn and (poet.) -Um, m. the Ru-
tuli, an ancient people of Ixitium, whose capital
was Ardea; sing., Rutulus -i, m. a Rutulian,
Verg. ; Rutulus audax, Turnus, king of the
Rutuli, Verg. Hence, adj., Rutulus -a -um,
Rutulian ; rex, Turnus, Verg.
Rutupiao -arum, f. a town of the Cuvernl
in Britain, perhaps the modern Richborough.
Hence, adj., Riitupmus -a -um, belonging la
Rutupiae.
s.
Ss, the eighteenth letter of the Latin alpha-
j bet, corresponding to the Greek sigma
(2, cr, s), sumetimes representing the Greek
aspirate, e.g., sex = ef, sal = aA;, serpo =
epiru), vnip — super. It is occasionally inter-
changed with t (as mersare, pulsare, mertare,
pulture), and r (as honor and honos). The poets
of the older period often elided s before a con-
sonant, e.g., vita illadignu' locouue ; by assimi-
lation, 3 before /becomes f, as ditficilis ; it often
represents another consonant which has been
assimilated to it, as jubeo, jussi (for jubsi),cedo,
cessi (for cedsi), premo, pressi (for premsi),
pando, passum (for pandsum). For abbrevia-
tions in which S. is used, v. Table of Abbrevia-
tions.
Saba -ae, f. (SajSrj), a district in Arabia Felix,
famous for its perfumes. Hence, Sabaeus -a
-um (Sa/Saios), Sabaean; poet. = Arabian.
Subst,, a, Sabaea -ae, f. (sc. terra), tlie country
of Sabaea (— Arabia Felix) ; b, Sabaei -drum,
in. the Sabaeans.
S abate -Ss, f. a town in Etruria, on a lake
of tlie same name, now Lago di Bracciano. Hence,
adj., Sabatmus -a -um, of or relating to Sa-
bate; tribus, Liv.
Sabazius (Sabadius, Sebadius) -ii, m.
(2aj3afio5), a sarname of Bacchus, Cic. Hence,
Sabazia -orum, n. a festival in honour of
Bacchus.
Sabbata -Crum, n. (2a/3/Jara), the Sabbath,
Jewish day of rest; tricesima sabbata, either the
great Sabbath (a Jewish festival in October), or
else the new moon, Hor. Hence, Sabbatarius
-a -um, relating to the Sabbath. Subst., Sab-
batarii -orum, m. the observers of the Sabbath,
the Jews, Mart.
Sabelli -orum, m. (dim. of Sabini), a poetic
name of the Sabines ; sing., Sabellus, the Sabine
(i.e., Horace, as owner of an estate in the
Sabino country), Hor. Hence, A. Adj., Sa-
bellus -a -um, Sabine. B. SabeUlcus -a
-um, Sabine.
Sabiui -5rum, m. an ancient people of Italy,
neighbours of the Latins; meton. = the country
of the Sabines, Liv. ; sing., Sabinus -i, m. a
Sabine, Liv. ; Sab'ina -ae, f. a Sabine woman,
Juv. Hence, adj., Sabinus -a -um, a Sabine.
Subst,, Sabinum -i. n. (sc. vinum), Sabine
wine, Hor.
Sabis -is, ace. -ira, m. a river in Gallia Bel-
gica, now the Sambre.
sabuleta -Orum, n. (sabulum), sandy places,
Plin.
sabulo -8nis, m. gravel, sand, Plin.
sabulosus -a -um (sabulum), abounding in
sand, sandy, gravelly, Plin.
sabulum -i, n. gravel, sand, Plin.
1. saburra -ae, f. sand used as ballast,
Verg.
2. Saburra -ae, n. a general of king Juba. j
sab
496
eae
■ silburro, 1. (saburra). I. to load with lal-
last, Plin. II. Transf., to cram full (with food),
Plaut.
sacal, indecl. (an Egyptian word), Egyptian
amber, Plin.
saccarius -a -urn (saccus), relating to sails;
na\is, laden with sacks, Quint.
saccharon -i, n. (vaKxapov), a saccharine
juice exuding from the joints of the bamboo, Plin.
sacciporium -li, n. (saccus and pera), a
poclMt or job for a purse, Plaut.
sacco, 1. (saccus), to strain or filter through a
bay, Plin. ; trausf., Lucr.
sacculus -i, in. (dim. of saccus), a small bag,
Cic.
saccus -i, m. (<tokkos), a, sack, bag, Cic; esp.,
a purse, money-bag, lior. ; also a bag (for strain-
ing wine through), Plin.
sacellum -i, n. (dim. of sacrum), a small
shrine or chapel, Cic.
sacer -era -crum (root SA, whence sancio,
san us, Gr. coos), sacred, holy, consecrated. I.
Adj., A. Gen., a, w'ith dat and genit., sacrum
deae pec.us, Liv. ; ilia insula eorum deorum
sacra putatur, Cic. ; b, absol., sacra aedes, Cic;
vates, sacred to Apollo, Hor. ; poet., of deities
themselves, Vesta,- Prop. ; name of certain
places, as sacer mons, the holy hill, a hill in
the Sabine country, three Roman miles from Rome,
on the right lank of the Anio, Liv. ; sacra via,
the holy street, a street in Rome beginning at
the Sacellum Streniae and ending at the Capitol;
also sacer clivus, Hor. B. Esp., consecrated
to one of the infernal deities, hence accursed,
devoted to destruction; a, relig. t. t., eius caput
Jovi (Stygio) sacrum esset, ap. Liv. ; eum qui
eorum euiquam nocucrit sacrum sanciri, Liv. ;
b, transf., detectable, accursed, horrible ; is intest-
abilis ct sacer esto, Hor. ; auri sacra fames,
Verg. II. Subst., sacrum -i, n, that which is
holy. A. a holy thing; a, lit., sacrum rapere,
Cic. ; b, poet., transf., of poems, sacra caelestia,
0v. B. some holy obsermnce, a festival, sacrifice;
a, lit., sacra Cereris, Cic. ; sacra facere Graeco
Herculi, Liv. ; so of the private religious rites
peculiar to each Roman gens, sacra gentilicia,
Liv. ; sacia interire majores noluerunt, Cic ;
eisdem uti sacris, Cic. ; b, transf., a secret, mys-
tery, Ov.
sacerdos -dot-is, c. (sacer), aprie.it, priestess;
sacerdotos populi Romani, Cic ; in apposition,
regina sacerdos, Shea, a vestal, Verg.
sacerddtalis -e (sacerdos), of or relating
to a priest, priestly, sacerdotal, Plin.
sacerdotium -li, n. (sacerdos), the office or
dignity of a priest, priesthood; sacerdotium in-
ire, Cic.
sacopenium -li, n. (o-ayoTn)voi>), the gum. of
an umbelliferous plant, Plin.
sacramentum -i, n. (sacro), that which
binds or obliges a person. I. Legal t. t., the
money deposited with the tresviri capitales by the
parties in a suit, which the defeated party lost;
multae sacramenta, Cic; meton., a kind of
legal challenge or wager, a civil suit, process;
justo sacramento contendere cum aliquo, Cic.
II. Milit. t. t., the engagement entered into by
newly-enlisted soldiers, the military oath of alle-
giance ; 1, a, lit., aliquem militiae sacra-
"mento obligare, Cic; milit«;« sacramentn rogare,
Caes., Liv., or adigere, Liv.; die
mentum, Cacs., or sacramento, Liv.; allcni
iJicramento or sacramentum dicere, to swear
allegiance to, Cacs. ; b, me ton., military service,
Tac. ; 2, transf., an oath; perlidum sacra-
mentum dicere, Hor.
Sacrani -oruin, m. a people in Latium ;
hence, Sacranus -a -urn, of the Sacrani ; aoies,
Vorg.
sacrarium -li, n. (sacrum). I. a place
where sacred things are kept, the sacristy of a
temple, Ov. ; Caere sacrarium populi Romani
(as the Roman religious vessels, etc., were said to
have once been taken to Caere), Liv. II. aplace
of worship, a chapel, temple ; Bonae Deae, Cic. ;
the chapel in a private house; in tuo sacrario, Cic.
sacratus -a -am, p. adj. (from sacro), sacred,
holy, consecrated; templum, Verg. ; used esp.
of the Roman emperor, whose genius was wor-
shipped, dux (i.e., Augustus), Ov.
sacrieola -ae c (sacrum and colo), a sacri-
ficing priest or priestess, Tac.
sacrlfer -fera -fgrum (sacrum and fero),
carrying sacred things; rates, Ov.
sacrif icaUs (sacriflcialls) -e (sacrific-
ium), of or relating to the sacrifices, Tac.
sacrif ieatio -onis, f. (sacrifico), a sacrific-
ing, Cic.
sacrif lcium -li, n. (sacrifico), a sacrifice;
facere sacriticium and sacrilicia, Cic.
sacrifico, 1. and sacrif Icor.l. dep. (sacri-
ficus). I. Intransit., to offer sacrifice, to sacrifice;
alicui majoribus hostiis, Liv. ; in sacrilicando,
Cic. II. Transit., to offer in sacrifice, to sacri-
jice; suem, Ov. ; pecora, Liv.
sacrif Iciilus -i, m. (dim. of sacrificus), a
sacrificing priest, Liv. ; rex sacrificus, the priest
in llome under the Republic who offered the sacri-
fices previously offered by the kings, Liv.
sacrificus -a -um (sacrum and facio). I.
sacrificing; Ancus, Ov. ; rex (v. sacrificulus),
Liv. II. o/or relating to a sacrifice; ritus, Ov.
sacrilegium -ii, n. (sacrilegus). I. robbery
of a temple, stealing of sacred things, sacrilege;
sacrilegium prohibere, Liv. II. profanation of
religious rites, Kep.
sacrilegus -a -um (sacra and lego). I.
stealing sacred things, sacrilegious; subst., a
temple-robber, Cic. II. violating or profaning
sacred things, irreligious, impious; a, lit., used
of Pentheus, who despised the worship of
Bacchus, Ov. ; b, transf., godless, impious,
wicked ; linguae, manus, Ov.
Sacriportus -us, m. (sacer and portus). I.
a town not far from Rome in the Volscian country
between Signin and Vracncste. II. a town on the
Tarentine Gulf.
Sntcrlum -ii, n. Scythian amber, Plin.
sacro, 1- (sacer). I. to dedicate to a god, con-
secrate. A. Lit., caput, Liv. ; aras, Verg. B.
Transf., 1, to devote, give, allot ; honorem alicui,
Verg. ; 2, meton., to consecrate, make holy, make
inviolable; foedus, Liv.; lex saciata, a law, the
violation of v;hich was punished by a curse, Cic
II. to make imperishable, to immortalise ; aliquem
Lesbio plectro, Hor. ; vivit eloqnentia Catunis
sacrata scriptis omnia generis, Liv.
sacrosanctus -a -um (sacer and sanctus),
consecrated with religions ceremonies ; hence,
holy, sacred, inviolable (of the tribunes of the
people)'; utplebi sui magistrates essent sacro-
sanctl, Liv.; possessiones, Cic. ; potestas (of the
tribune), Liv. ; alicuius memoria, Plin.
sacrum, v. sacer.
Sadala and Saddles -ae, rn. a Thracian
prince, son ofCotys ill.
Sacclum = saeculnm (q.v.).
saecularls (seciilaris) -e (saeculuin), re-
lating to a sueculuin or age; ludi, secular gatws
sae
497
sag
(celebrated at intervals of 110 years), Suet. ;
carmen, a hymn sung at the secular games, Suet.
saeculum (seculum, syncop. saeclum,
seclum) -i, n. (perhaps connected with 1. secus
and with sexus). I. race, sex, generation; mulie-
bre, Lucr. II. Transf., A. In a restricted sense,
like vevea, this average duration of a man's life
[33 1 years), a generation, age ; 1, lit., multa sae-
eula hoiuinuin, Cic. ; 2, nieton., a, the human
race living at any particular generation, the age,
the limes; ipse fortasse in liuius saeculi wore
versor, Cic. ; b, the spirit of the age, the prevailing
tone of manners ; mitescent saecula, Verg. B. In
a wider sense, the longest duration of a man's
life, a hundred years, a century ; 1, a, lit. , duobus
propo saecula ante, Cic; b, transf., an indefi-
nitely long time, an age ; aliquot saeculis post,
Cic. ; saeclis effeta senectus, Verg. ; 2, melon.,
the men living in a particular century, the cen-
tury ; saeculorum reliqunrum judicium, Cic.
saepe, adv., comp. saeplus, superl. saepis-
slme, often, oftentimes, frequently, Cic. ; bene
saepe, Cic. ; saepe et inultum, Cic. ; saepe niulti,
Cic. ; saepenumero, repeatedly, again and again,
Cic.
saepes (sepes) -is, f. (<nj/c<5s), a hedge, fence.
saepia = sepia (q.v.).
saepicule, adv. (dim. of saepe), pretty often,
Plaut.
saepimentum (sepnnentum) -i, n.
(saepio), an inclosure, Cic.
Saepinum -i, n. a small town in Samnium,
now Sepino.
saepio (sepio), saepsi, saeptum, 4. (saepes),
to surround with a hedge, to hedge in, to inclose.
I. a, lit., vallum arboribus, Liv. ; b, fig., locum
cogitatior.e, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to shut in, to
confine, to surround; urbes moenibus, Cic; se
tectis, to shut oneself up at home, Verg. ; 2, a,
to beset, to occupy ; vias, Liv. ; b, to guard, to
secure, protect : natura oculos membranis vesti-
vit et saepsit, Cic.
saepta -orum, n., v. saeptum.
saeptum (septum) -i, n. (saepio), ait in-
closure, barrier. I. Gen., quibus saeptis beluas
continebimus, Cic. II. Esp., saepta -orum,
h. the inclosure where the Ilomans voted at the
comitia, sometimes erected in the forum, sometimes
in the Campus Martins, Cic.
saet ... v. set . . .
Saetabis -bis. I. m. a river in Spain, now
Mijares or Myares, or else Cenia or Senia. II.
f. a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, famous
for Us flax. Adj., Saetabus -a -uin, relating
to Saetabis.
saetiger and saetosus = setiger, setosus
(q.v.).
saeve, adv. with compar. and superl.
(saevus), cruelly, barbarously, ferociously, Hor.
saevidicus -a -um (saevus and dico), angrily
spoken ; dicta, Ter.
saevio -li -itum, 4. (saevus), to rage, befler:e,
furious. I. Lit., of animals, saevit lupus, Ov. ;
unguis, Verg. ; saevire coepisse (of elephants),
Liv.; in aliquem, Ov. II. Transf., a, of men,
to be furious, angry; saevire in obsides, Liv.;
irapers., in ceteros suevituin esse, Liv. ; b, of
things and of abstractions, to rage; saevit pontus,
Hor. ; saevit venenuin In praecordiis, Hor. ;
saevit amor ferri, Verg.
saevlter = saeve (q.v.).
saevitia -ae, f. (saevus), ferocity. I. Lit., of
animals, canum, Plin. II. Transf., fierceness,
rage, cruelty, harshness, severity; a, of men,
jucjicis, Cic. ; credjtorum, Tac. ; hostiuiri, Sail. ;
b, of inanimate and abstract things ; annonae,
high price of provisions, Tac.
saevum = sebum (q.v.).
saevus -a -um, raging, wild, violent, fierce.
I. Lit, of animals, leones, Lucr.; saevior leaena,
Verg. II. Transf., raging, fierce, cruel, savage,
harsh ; a, of persons, Juno, Verg. ; Aeneas saevmi
in armis, terrible, Verg. ; poet, with the infin.,
quaelibet in quemvis opprobria tlngere saevus,
Hor. ; b, of inanimate and abstract tilings,
aequora, Verg.; ventus, Cic; scopulus, Verg.;
funera, Verg.
saga -ae, f. (root SAC, whence sagio), afemah
soothsayer, prophetess, fortune-teller, Cic.
sagaoitas -atis, f. (sagax), I. keenness, acute-
ness of the senses ; esp., keenness of scent in dogs ;
canum ad investigauduin sagacitas narium, Cic.
II. Transf., mental acuteness, sagacity, shrewd-
ness ; liominis, Cic.
sagaciter, adv. (sagax), sharply, keenly.
I. Of the senses, with, keen scent, Plin. II.
Transf., of the mind, acutely, sagaciously,
shrewdly ; pervestigare, Cic. ; tu sagacius odor-
abere, Cic ; utodorer, quam sagacissime possiin,
quid sentiant, etc., Cic.
Sagaris, ace -im, abl. -i, ni. and Sang-
ariUS -li, m. (Zayyapios), a river in 1'hrygia
and Bithynia, flowing into the Propontis, now
Sakarja, Sakari. Hence, Sagaritis -Wis, f.
o/or relating to Sagaris; nyinpha, Ov.
sagatUS -a -um (sagum), clothed with a
sagum; esp., of a soldier in a military cloak,
Cic
sagax -acis (sagio), having keen senses. I.
keen-scented; canes, Cic; of quick hearing;
sagacior anser, Ov. II. Transf., of mental acute-
ness, acute, clever; mens, Cic; sagacissimus ad
suspicandum, Cic. ; with infin., sagax quondam
ventura videre, Ov.
sagina -ae, f. (crdTTw, to fill), t. fattening,
feeding, nourishing, stuffing, cramming, Cic. II.
Transf., food, fodder, nourishment, Tac.
sagiiio, 1. (sagina), to fatten, feed up, cram.
I. Lit., porcum, Prop.; quae copia rerum om-
nium (illos Gallos) saginaret, Liv. II. Transf.,
sanguine reipublicae S3ginari, Cic.
sagio, 4. (root SAC, whence sagax, sagus), to
perceive quickly, feel keenly ; sagire sentire acute
est, Cic.
sagltta -ae, f. an arrow. I. Lit., Cic. II.
Transf., the Arrow, a constellation, Cic.
Sagittarius -a -um (sagitta), of or relating
to arrows; subst., Sagittarius -li, m. an
archer; a, lit., Cic. ; b, transf., the constellation
Sagittarius, also called Arcitenens, Cic.
sagittifer -fera -ffirum (sagitta and fero).
I. carrying arrows ; pharetra, Ov. II. armed
with arrows ; Geloni, Verg.
Sagittipotens -entis, m. (sagitta and
potens), the constellation Sagittarius, Cic.
sagmen -Inia, n. (SAC, sacer, sancio), a
bunch of sacred herbs plucked in the citadel, by
bearing which the persons of the Roman fetiales
ami ambassadors became inviolable, Liv.
Sagra -ae, c a river in the country of the
Rrvttii, on the banks of which a battle was fought
580 B.C., between Croton and Locri, now Sacriano^
sagulum -i, n. (dim. of sagum), a small
military cloak, Cic.
sagum -i, n. (o-ayo?, a Celtic word), a mantle
made oj coarse wool worn by slaves, also the plaid
of the Celts ; esp., of soldiers, a military cloak,
Caes. ; hence, symbolical of war, as the toga of
peace ; hence, saga sumere, ad saga ire, to take
up arms, prepare far war, Glc. ; in sagis ease, to
Sag
498
Sal
be in arms, Cic. ; saga ponere, to lay down arms,
Liv.
Saguntia, v. Segontia.
Saguntum -i, n. and Saguntus (-6s)
-i, f. a town in Sjxiin, south of the Ebro, now
Murviedro, the besieging of which Sy Hannibal
led to the outbreak of the Second Punic War.
Hence, A. Saguntinus -a -urn, Saguntine.
B. Saguntii -urn, m. the people of Saguntum.
sagus -a -um (root SAO, whence sagio), pro-
phetical, soothsaying; subst., saga -ae, f. u
fortune-teller, Cic.
Sais -is, f. (2ai.'s), the old capital of Lower
Egypt, now ruins near Sd el Hagqar. Hence,
Saitae -arum, in. the inhabitants of Sais.
sal, sJlis, m. and n., and plur., sales, m.
(root 'AA, 0A5), salt. I. 1, lit., multi raodii salis,
Cic; 2, rig., salt, i.e., wit, facetiousness ; epis-
tolae hurnanitatis sparsae sale, Cic. ; sale et
facetiis Caesar vicit omnes, Cic. II. Meton.,
1, the sait sea; campi salis, Verg. ; 2, piur.,
sales, salt taste, Ov.
Salacia -ae, f. (saltim and cieo), a sea-goddess,
corresponding to the Greek. Tethys, wife ofOceanus.
salaco -onis, m. (a-aKdKuiv), a swaggerer,
boaster, braggart, Cic.
Salamis -minis, ace. -mina, f. (SaAam's). I.
on island and iownin the Saron.ic Gulf, over against
Eleusis, scene of a naval victory of the Greeks over
the Persians, now Koluri. II. a town in Cy-
prus, built by Teucer. Hence, Salaminius -a
-uin, a, relating to the island Salamis; Sala-
mlnii -orum, m. the Salaminians, inhabitants of
Salamis; b, relating to the town of Salutnis in
Cyprus; subst, Salaininii -Oram, m. the in-
habitants of Salamis in Cyprus.
Salapia -ae, f. a town in Apulia, now the
village ofSapj. nence.Salapitani-urum, m.
and Salapini (Salpmi) drum, in. the in-
habitants of Salapia.
salaputtium (salaputmm) -ii, n. a little
dwarf, manikin, Cat.
SalariUS -a -um (sal), of or relating to salt. I.
Adj., annona, yearly revenue from salt, Liv. ; adj.
prop., Salaria via, or simply Salaria, a road be-
ginning at the Porta Capcna and leading into the
Sabine country, the Sait Road, so called because
the Sabines used it for conveying their sal* from
the sea, Cic. II. Subst, salarium -!i. n.
salt rations, money given to soldiers and officers
far salt, and hence, allowance, pay, wages, siilary,
Su.t.
Salassi -drum, m. Vie Salassi, an Alpine
people in modern Savoy.
salax -acis (1. salio). I. Of male animals,
lustful, lecherous; aries, Ov. II. Transf., exciting
lust ; eruca, Ov.
salebra -ae, f. (1. salio), a rough, uneven road,
L Lit., Hor. II. Fig., applied to discourse,
roughness, ruggedness ; oratio haeret in salebra,
sticks fast, Cic.
salebrosus -a -um (salebra), rugged, rough ;
saxa, Ov.
Salentini (SaUentini) -orum, m. a people
of Calabria on, the coast ; me ton., the country of
the Salentini. Adj., Salentinus -a -um, So-
lentinian.
Salernum -i, n. a town on the Adriatic Sea,
in the Picentinc country, now Salerno.
SaHaris, v. Salii.
Saliatus -us, m. (Sain), the office or dignity
of a priest of Mars.
sal least rum -i, n. (salix), a kind of vine
growing wild among the willows, Plin.
SalictariUS -a -um (salix), o/or relating in
willows, Plin.
salictum -i, u. (syncop. for salicetum, from
salix), a plantation of willows, Cic.
salientes -ium, m., v. 2. salio.
salignus -a -um (salix), made of willow -wood ,
fustis, Hor.
Salii -orum, m. (salio, i.e., the leapers,
jumpers), a college of priests of Mars, instituted
by Nwm, whose sacred processions, accompanied
by sinijers and, armed dancers, took placean 11 ually
in the beginning of March. Hence, Saliaris
-e, a, lit, relating to the^alii; carmen Nuniae,
Hor.; b, transf., splendid, magnificent (from the
sumptuous feasts that followed the procession
of the Salii) ; epulari Saliarem in inodum, Cic.
salillum -i, n. (dim. of salinuin), a little
salt-cellar, Cat.
salinae -arum, f. (sal), salt-iCorks, brine-pits.
I. Gen., Cic, Caes. ; in jesting reference to
sal (wit), possessio salinarum tuearuni, Cic. II.
Esp., A. salt-works on the banks of the Tiber ; in
full, salinae Itomanae, Liv. B. Salinae, a place
in Rome, near the Porta Trigemnia, Liv.
salinum -i, n. (sal), a salt-cellar, Hor.
1. salio (sallio), 4. (sal), to salt, pickle, Varr.
2. salio, silui (salii rare), saltum, 4. (root
SAL, Gr. 'AA, whence aMo^ai). I. lntransit,
to spring, leap, jump, bound. A. Lit., of living
beings, de luuro, Liv. ; in aquas, Ov. ; super
vallum, Liv. ; saliunt in gurgite ranae, Ov. B.
Transf., of things, a, saiit grando. Verg. ; sal or
mica (salis) salieus, sacrificial sidt, which (as a
good omen) leapt up when thrown into the fire ;
farre pio et saliente mica, Hor.; pectora trepido
salientia motu, Ov.; b, of water, to spring, leap,
jiow ; dulcis aquae saliens rivus, Verg. Partic.
subst., salientes -lum, m. (sc. fontes), foun-
tains, Cic. II. 'transit, of animals, to leap, to
cover, Ov.
Salisubsilus -i, m. (= Salius subsiliens),
one of the Salii, Cat.
saliunca -ae, f. wild or Celtic nard, Verg.
saliva -ae, f. (connected with cn'aAos), spittle,
saliva. I. A. Lit., Cat. B. Meton., 1, appe-
tite, desire, Pers. ; 2, taste, Prop. II. Transf.,
any similar moisture, e.g., tears, Plin., honey,
Plin.
salivariu3 -a -um (saliva), slimy, Plin.
Salivo, 1. (saliva), to spit out, Plin.
sallVOSUS -a -um (saliva), slimy, Plin.
salix -Icis, f. a willow, Verg.
SaUentini — Salentini (q.v.).
sallio = 1. salio (q.v.).
Sallustius (Salustius) -Ii, m. a Roman
name, the most celebrated bearers of which were:
1, C. Sallustius Crispus, of Amiternum, Hie
celebrated Latin historian, contemporary and op-
ponent of Cicero ; 2, Sallustius Crispus, great
nephew of the historian, friend of Augustus,
famous for his great riches, the owner of splendid
gardois at Rome. Hence, adj., SaUustianus
(Salustianus) -a -um, Sallustian.
salmacidus -a -um, salt. Plin.
Salmacis -Wis, f. (S^aia's), a fountain in
Caria, fabled to make those who drank of it
■ n!e. Personif., */ie nymph of this fountain,
Ov.
salmo -onis. m. a salmon, Plin.
SalmdneUS -fc'i and -80s, m. (2aAjz<oi/eys),
son of Aeolus, brother of Sisyphus, king in Eli*,
founder of the town Salmone ; he imitated the
thunder and lightning of Zeus, who on that ac-
count struck him with a thunderbolt, and hurled
Sal
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sal
him down to Tartarus. Hence, Salmoms
-idls, f. (SaA/nuvi's), the daughter of Salmoncus,
i.e., Tyro, mother of Neleus and Fellas by Neptune,
who took the form of the Enipeus.
Salona -ae, f. and Salonae -arum, f. a sea-
port in Dalmutia.
salpa -ae, f. a kind of stock-fish, Ov.
Salpia = Salapia (q.v.).
Salpinates -urn, m. a people of Etruria, near
Volsinii. Hence, adj., Salpmas -atis, be-
longing to the Salpinates ; ager, Liv.
Salpini = Salapini, v. Salapia.
salsamentarius -a -urn (salsameutum),_o/
or relating to salt-fish. Subst., salsamenta-
rlus -li, in. a dealer in salt-fish, Suet.
salsamentum -i, n. (* salso -are), 1, fish-
pickle, brine, Cic. ; 2, salted or pickled fish, gen.
in plur., Ter.
salse, adv. with compar. andsuperl. (salsus),
wittily, humorously, facetiously ; dicere, Cic.
salsitudo -Inis, f. (salsus), saltness, Plin.
salSUg'O -Inis, f. (salsus), saltness, Plin.
salsura -ae, f. (sal), a salting, pickling,Xnn . ;
fig., meae animae salsura evenit, i" am in col ill-
humour, Plaut.
salsus -a -uin, p. adj. (from sallo), salted,
salt. I. A. Lit., fluctus salsi, the sea, Verg.
B. Transf., tasting like salt, sharp, biting;
lacrimae, Lucr. ; robigo, corrosive, Verg. II.
Fig., witty, humorous, facetious, satirical; luvem
ridicula at salsa multa Graecorum, Cic; male
salsus, with poor xoit, Hor.
saltatio -onis, f. (salto), a dancing, panto-
mimic dance, Cic.
saltator -oris, m. (salto), a (pantomimic)
dancer, Cic.
saltatorius -a -pin (saltator), of or relating
to dancing ; orbis, Cic.
saltatrix -trlcis, f. (saltator), a female
dancer, a dancing-girl, Cic.
saltatus -us, m. (salto), a dancing, dance,
Liv.
saltern, adv. (orig. salutim, from salus, as
viritim, from vir), at least, at all events. I.
Afllrmative, a 3 with an antithetical sentence,
erlpe inihi huncdolorem aut niinue saltern, Cic;
b, without an antithetical sentence, nunc saltern
ad illos calculos revertanmr, Cic. II. With
negatives, non, neque, not even, nor even, Liv.
salto, 1. (intens. of salio). I. Intransit, to
dance with pantomimic gestures. A. Lit., ad
tibicinis modem, Liv. ; saltare in convivio, Cic. ;
discere saltare, to learn to dance, Cic. B. Transf. ,
of orators, Hegesias saltat incidens particulas (of
. a jerking, hopping style), Cic. II. Transit., to
represent in pantomimic dancing ; Cyclopa, Hor.;
carmina, poemata, sing with gestures, Ov.
saltuosus -a -um (saltus), wooded, well
wooded, Sail.
1. saltus -us, m. (salio), a spring, leap,
bound, Cic; sal turn and saltus dare, Ov,
• 2. saltus -us, m. (connected with aXo-o?,
oAtis). I. a pass through a mountain or forest,
a dale, ravine, glade ; Thermopylarum, Liv. ;
saltus Pyrenaei, Caes. II. a forest or mountain
pasture, cattle-run ; saltilms in vacuis pascant,
Verg. ; sometimes, an estate including a cattle-
run; de saltu agroque dejicitur, Cie.
salubris -e and saluber -bris -bre (salus),
healthy. I. conducive to health, healthful,
healthy, salubrious, wholesome. A. Lit., natura
loci, Cic. ; annus salubris, Cic. ; somnus, Verg.
B. Transf., sound, serviceable, useful; consilia,
Cic. ; res salubrior, Liv ; sententia reipublicae
saluberrima, Cic. II. healthy, strong sound,
vigorous. A. Lit, corpora sal ubnora, Liv. B.
Transf, good; fit, suitable ; quidquid est salsum
aut salubre in oratione, Cic.
salubritas -atis, f. (saluber). I. wholesome-
mess, salubrity. A. Lit., loci, Cic; turn salu-
britatis turn pestilentiae signa, Cic. B. lig.,
omnia ilia salubritas Atticae dictionis et quasi
sanitas, Cic. II. soundness, healthiness, health;
corporum, Tac.
salubriter, adv. (saluber). I. healthfully,
wholesomely; salubrius refrigerari, Cic. II.
serviceably, advantageously; bellum trahere, Liv.
salum -i, n. (<r<£Ao ; ). I. a, the open sea,
esp. , a place where ships lie anchored, a roadstead. ;
propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in
salo non posse, Liv.; b, poet., the sea generally ;
altuni, Hor. II. the rolling of a ship at sea,
motion of a ship ; salo nauseaque coufecti, Caes.
salus -litis, f. (salvus), health. I. Gen^, 1,
medicina, aliquem ad salutem reducere, Cic ;
2, welfare, well-being, weal, good fortune;
utilitati salutique servire, Cic; spes salutis,
Cic. ; also the civil well-being of a Roman citizen
(not in exile) ; restitutio salutis meae, my recoil
from exile, Cic. ; hence, a, a term of endearment,
Plaut.; b, personif., Salus, the goddess of the
public safety of Rome, whose temple was on the
Quirinal, Liv.; c, deliverance from death, danger,
etc., ad salutein vocare, to save, Cic; salutem
afferre reipublicae, to save, Cic ; also a means of
deliverance; nulla salus reipublicae reperiri
potest, Cic ; una est salus, there is one means of
deliverance, foil, by intin., Cic. ; d, security,
safety; fortunarum suarum salus in istius daui-
natione consistit, Cic II. Esp., a wish for a
person's welfare (spoken or written), salutation,
greeting; salutem nuntiare, C4c ; ascribere, Cic;
alicui salutem dicere jubere, to semi a greeting
to, Plaut; and ellipt, Anacharsis Hannoni
salutem (sc. dicit), Cic; tig., salutem dicere
foro et curiae, to bid farewell to, renounce, Cic
salutaris -e (salus), healthful, beneficial,
salutary, serviceable, wholesome, advantageous.
I. Gen., a, absol., (a) of things, ut quae mala
pernieiosaque sunt, habeantur pro bonis ac
salutaribus, Cic. ; herba salutaris L Ov. ; saluter-
es litterae, Cic. Subst, salutaria -luni, n.
remedies, medicines; pro salutaribus mortifera
conscribere, Cic ; (J3) of persons, agri ipsi teui
beneficuin, tain saluterem, tain mansuetumcivem
desiderant, Cic. ; b, with dat, and ad and ace,
and contra and ace, consilium salutare utrique,
Cic. II. Esp., A. Appell., salutaris httcra—
i.e., the letter A, abbreviation of absolvo (littera
tristis, C' = condemno, Cic). B. Adj. proper,
Salutaris, as a surname of Jupiter (Gr. Somjp,
as a surname of Zeus).
salutariter, adv. (salutaris), beneficially,
advantageously; uti armis, Cic; se recipere,
Cic.
salutatio -onis, f. (saluto). I. greeting,
salutation, Cic. II. Esp., a greeting, salutation,
a call, visit of ceremony, waiting upon a person ;
dare se salutationi aniicoruin, Cic; ubi salu-
tatio defluxit, Cic.
salutator -oris, m. (saluto), one who_ pays
complimentary visits, a visitor, caller, ap. Cic.
salutatorius -a -um (salutator), relating to
greeting or visits; cnbicula, liall of audience, Plin.
salutatriX -trlcis, f. (salutator). I. greet-
ing, saluting, Mart. II. Esp., paying a visit,
calling, waiting upon; turba, Juv.
salutifer -fera -ferum (salus and fero),
health-bringing, salubrious; puer, Aesculapius,
Ov.; opem saiutit'eram dare, Ov.
sal
500
san
salutlggriilus -a -uni (sains and gero),
Carrying complimentary messages, Plaut.
saluto, 1. (salveo), to say salvo to a person,
to greet, salute. I. Gen., aliquem, Cic. ; sternu-
tamentis, to say "God bless you," when a person
sneezes, Flin. ; decs, to pay respx! to, to worship,
Cic; with double ace, to greet as, to name;
aliqu?m impcratorem, Tac. II. Esp., l, to call
upon, to pay court to, wait upon; venit salutandi
causa, Cic. ; 2, to greet a person ; a, on his ar-
rival, Cic. ; b, on his departure, Flaut.
Saluvli (Salluvli) -drum and -urn, m. a
Ligurian people in modern Provence.
salve, v. salveo.
salveo, 2. (salvus), to be well in health, found
elderly in the forms salve, salvete, salveto,
salvebis, salvere (jubeo), used by the Romans
as a greeting, Good day ! I hope you are well ?
How are you? a, in welcoming a person, Good
day ! good morning ! jubeo te salvere, / greet
you, Cic. ; Dionysium velim salvere jubeas,
greet Dionysius for me, Cic. ; salvebis a meo
Cicerone, my son Cicero sends you greeting, Cic. ;
so of greetings addressed to a distinguished
person, or of respect paid to a deity, hail! salve
vera Jovis proles, Verg. ; b, in taking farewell,
good-bye! God be with you, ! vale, salve, Cic.
salvia -ae, f. (salvus), the herb sage, Plin.
salVUS -a -urn (root SAL, whence salus,
connected with crodu), safe, unhurt, uninjured,
well, sound. I. Gen., a, of persons, salvus
atque incolumis, Caes. ; salvus reverter, Cic. ;
se salvo, while he is alive, Cic. ; b, of things,
clipeus, Cic. ; with abl. absol., saving, without
infraction of, Cic. ; salvo jure nostrae veteris
ainlcitiae, Cic. ; salvo officio, Cic. II. Esp.
formulae (of conversation) ; a ? of persons, ne
salvus siin, si, etc., may I die if, etc., Cic;
salvus sis = salve ! Plaut. ; b, of things, salva
res est, it is all right ; often in questions, satine
or satin' salvae ? Is all right {with you) ? Liv.
Samaria -ae, f. (Sajxopfia), a district of
Palestine. Hence, Sarnarites -ae, m. a
Samaritan.
-Samarobrlva -ac, f. a town in Gallia,
Belgica, chief town of the Ambiani, now Amiens.
sambuca -ae, f. (<rafi/3v'K>;), a species of harp,
Plaut. .
sambuccus -a -urn (sambucuR), made of
elder-wood, Plin.
sambucina -ae, f. (sambuca and cano), a
female liarp-player, Plaut. '
SambUGiStrla -ae, f. (erafijSi'Ki'arpia), a
woman that plays on the sambuca, Liv.
sambucus (sabucus) -i, f. an elder-tree,
Plin.
Same -Cs, f. (2a/ui)), older name of the island
Cephallenia, now Cefalonia. Another form,
Samos -i, f. Hence, Samaol -Orum, m. the
inhabitants of Same.
samcra (samf. a) -ae, f. the seed of the elm,
Plin.
Samlolus, v. Samos.
Samnis, Sainnites, v. Samnium.
Samfus, v. Samos.
Samuiuni -it, n. (syncop. from Babiniura),
a mountainous region of central Italy between
Campania and the Adriatic Sea. Hence, A.
Adj., Sarnnls -His, Samnite ; Bllbst., a, a
Samnite ; used collectively, the Samni'es, Liv. ;
Samnites -lum, m. the Samnites; b, a gla-
diator armed with Samnite weapons, Cic. B.
Samniticus -a -uin, Samnite.
1, Samor (-us) -i, f. (Sa^os), an tihM
in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor,
Opposite Ephesus, the birth-place of Pythagoras,
chief scat of the worship of Hera, famous for its
clay and the vessels made from it, now Sussam or
Sussam-Adassi ; Threkia Samus = Samothrace,
Verg., Ov. Hence, A. SamiUS -a -urn, Samian ;
vir, senex, Pythagoras, Ov. ; capedines, made of
Samian earthenware, Cic. ; terra, a part of the
main-land of Asia Minor or belonging to Samos,
Liv. ; subst., a, Samius -li, m. the Samian =
Pythagoras, Ov. ; plur., Samii -orum, m. the
inhabitants of Samos, Samians, Cic. ; b, Samia
-orum, n. (sc. vasa), Samian ware. B. Saniio-
lUS -a urn, adj. dim., Samian, Plaut.
2. Samo8 = Same(q.v.).
Samothrace (Samothrece) -es, f. and
Samdthraca -ae, f. (SuMofyaKr;), and Samo-
thracia -ae, f. an island of the Aegean Sea on the
coast of Thrace opposite the mouth of the Hebrus,
famous for the mystic rites of the Cabiri, now
Samothraki. Hence, A. Samothraces -hid,
m. a, the inlmbitants of the island of Samothrace,
Ov.; b, the, Cabiri, Juv. B. Samothracius
-a -um, Samothracian.
Sampsiceramus -i, in. an Arab prince of
Emesa in Libanns, whom Pompejus overcame;
hence, in jest, a name for Pompejus himself,
Cic.
3ampsucbfeus -a -um (<raji\/<i>x't'o?), made
of marjoram, Plin.
sampsucbum -i, n. (o-a/^vyoi'), marjoram,
Plin.
sanabilis -e (sano), that can be healed, cura-
ble ; a, physically, vuluus, Ov.; b, of the mind,
iracundi sanabiles, Cic.
sanatio -onis, f. (sano), a healing, curing;
corporum, Cic. ; fig., malorum, Cic.
sancio, sanxi, sanctum, 4. (root SA, whence
sacer, sanus, Gr. <xdo;, aCx, etc.), to make
sacred or inviolable by a religions act. I. Lit.,
a, to make irrevocable, to appoint, order (of a
law, league, etc.) ; legem, Cic. ; foedus sanguine
alicuius, Liv. ; Solon capite sanxit, si qui, etc.,
Solon ordered, on pain of death, Cic. ; b, to
sanction, render valid by law ; acta Caesaris, Cic.
II. Transf., to forbid on pain of punishment, lay
under a penalty ; incestum supplicio, Cic.(pa)tic
sancitus, Lucr.).
sanote, adv. (sanctus), piously, conscien-
tiously, scrupulously ; pie sancteque colere
naturam, Cic; multa sunt severius scripta et
sanctius, Cic. ; se sanctissime gerere, Cic; sanc-
tissime observare proinissa, sacredly, Cic.
sanctimdnia -ae, f. (sanctus). I. sanctity,
sacredness; ad deorum religionem et sanctimon-
iam demigrasse, Cic. II. purity, chastity, virtue;
domum habere clausam pudori et sanctimoniae,
Cic.
sanctio -5nis, f. (sancio). I. the article or
clause in a law which recites the penalty; legum
sanctionem poenamque recltore, Cic. II.
In treaties, a clause, proviso ; foederis, Cic.
sanetltas -Stis, f. (sanctus). I. inviolability,
sanctity ; tribunatus, Cic; templi insulaeqne,
right of asylum, Tac II. piety, virtue,
chastity ; a, matronarura, Cic. ; b, piety towards
tht\ gods ; deos placatos pietas efficiet et sauctitas,
Cic.
sanctitudo -Inis, f. = sanctitas (q.v.).
sanctor -Oris, in. (sancio), an ordainer;
legum, Tac.
sanctuarlum -li, n. (sanctus), the private
cabinet of a prince, Plin.
sanctus -a -um, p. adj .(from snncio). I. sacred,
inviolable; tribu,ni plebis, Cic.; otficiurn, Cig,
San
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sap
II. venerable, holy, divine ; a, of deities or dis-
tinguished men, stell:i Mercurii, Cic ; sancte
Aeorum, Verg. ; so, of the senate, sanctissimum
orbis terras consilium, Cic; vates, the Sibyl,
Verg.; b, pious, virtuous, holy, blameless; nemo
sanctior lllo (viro), Cic. ; homo sanctissimus,
Cic; Virgo, a Vestal virgin, Hor. ; conjux, chaste,
I Verg.
Saucu3 -i and -Qs, m., also Semo, Semo
Sancus orFidius Sancus, an Umbrian and
r Sabine deity, probably=Zeus llicmot, afterwards
identified with Hercules.
sandallaxius -a -um (sandalium), of or
i,7 to sandals; Apollo, who had a statue in
the Street of the Sandal-makers, Suet.
sandaligerulae -arum, f. (sandalium and
ger.i), female slaves who carried their mistresses'
sandals, Plaut.
saadalis -Wis, f. a kind of palm-tree, Plin.
sandalium -II, n. (o-av&d\iov), a slipper,
sandal, Ter.
sandapila -ae, f. a kind of bier used by poor
persons, Juv.
sandaraca -ae, f. (craeSapa/o)), sandarach, a
kind of red dye, Plin.
sandaracatus -a -um (sandaraca), mixed
with sandaraclt, Plin.
sandaroaos -i, f. an oriental precious stone,
perhaps a kind of cat's-eye, Plin.
sandyx -djfcis, c. (<rdvSv£), vermilion, or a
similar colour, Verg.
sane, adv. (sanus). I. soberly, rationally,
sensibly ; nou ego sanius bacchabor Edonis,
Hor. II, Transf., A. really, iiuleed (used em-
phatically), sane vellem, J could indeed wish,
Cic ; hence, a, in answers, surely, to be sure ; sane
hercle or sane hercule, Cic; b, in concessions,
to be sure, certainly; sint falsa sane, Cic; c,
with imperatives, then, if you. will; age sane,
Cic B. exceedingly ; bene sane or sane bene,
Cic; sane quam, exceedingly, extremely; with
verbs and adj., Cic
Sangarius, v. Sagaris.
sanguinarius -a -um (sanguis), of or re-
lating to blood; lig., bloody, blood-thirsty, san-
guinary; juventus, Cic
sanguineus -a -um (sanguis), relating to
blood. I. A. Lit., 1, of blood, bloody; imber,
Cic. ; guttae, Ov. ; 2, stained with blood; caput,
Ov. ; inanns, Ov. B. Transf., 1, stained with
blood-shed, bloody; rixa, Hor.; 2, blood-red;
sagulum, Cic. II. Fig., bloody, blood-thirsty;
Mavors, Verg.
sanguino, 1. (sanguis), to be blood-thirsty,
Tac
sangutnolentus (sacguinuTentus) -a
-um (sanguis), bloody. I. stained with blood,
bloody; 1, lit., conjugis imago, Ov. ; 2, transf.,
■wounding, injuring ; nulla exstat littera Nasonis
sanguinoleuta legi, Ov. II. blood-red; color,
Ov.
sanguis (sanguen) -inis, m. blood, blood
Rowing in the veins of a living being, while cruor
= bloo.l of the dead ov blood from wounds. I. 1,
lit., tmri sanguis, Cic; sanguinem mittere, to
let blood, Cic ; sanguinem effundere, to shed one's
Hood, Cic. ; 2, tig., a, vigour, strength, force ;
amisi mis sucum et sanguinem, Cic; so of
orators, verum sanguinem deperdebat, Cic; b,
property, money; de sanguine aerarii detrahere,
Cic. IT. Meton., 1, sliedding of blood, murder ;
odiocivilis sanguinis, Cic ; 2, blood-relationship,
race, blood, family ; a, abstr., magnam possidet
religionism paternus maternusque sanguis, Cic. ;
b, concr., a descendant, progeny ; regius sanguis,
Europa, Hor. ; saevire in suum sanguinem, Li v.
sanies -Si, f. (connected with sanguis). X*
diseased blood, bloody matter, Verg. II. Transf.,
venom, poison, slaver; perfusus sanie atroque
veneno, Verg. ; sanies manat ore trilingui, Ot.
sanitas -Stis, f. (6anus), health. I. Lit.,
physical health, Cic II. Transf., 1, a sound
state of mind, reasonableness, good sense, sanity;
ad sanitatem se converters or redlre, Cic. ; 2, of
style, soundness or correctness, purity ; orationis,
Cic.
sanna -ae, f. (<rdwas), a mocking grimace,
Juv.
sannio -5nis, m. (sanna), one who makes
grimaces, a buffoon, Cic.
sano, 1. (sanus), to lieal, cure, restore to health.
I. Lit., tumorem oculorum, Cic. II. Transf.,
physically and morally, to heal, restore, repair,
quiet ; partes aegras reipublicae, Cic. ; vulnera
avaritiae, Liv. ; mentes eoruni, to change to right
views, Cues.
Sanqualis (Sangualls) -e (Sancus), be-
longing to Sancus; avis, the bird sacred to Sancus,
the osprey.
Santo: 1 cs -um, in. and Santoni -Oruni, m.
a people in Aquitanian Qaul, whence Saintonge.
Hence, adj., Santoni o us -a -uin, belonging to
the Santo nes.
sanus -a -um, sound, healthy. I. Lit., pars
corporis, Cic; aliquem sanum facere, Cic II.
Transf., a, sound, uninjured; respubliea, Cic;
b, of sound mind, rational, sane ; mens, homo,
Cic; c, of discourse, sound, sensible, natural;
genus dicendi, Cic.
sapa -ae, f. must or new wine boiled to one-
third of its bulk, Ov.
Sapaei -Orum, m. a Thracian people on the
Propontis, Ov.
saperda -ae, m. (o-an-epfij)?), a small fish
caught in the Falus Maeotis, a kind of herring,
Pers.
sapiens -entis, p. adj. (from sapio), wise,
sensible, prudent, judicious. I. Gen., rex aequus
ac sapiens, Cic. ; quis sapientior ad conjecturam
rernm futurarum, Cic. ; Cyrus ille Perses justis-
simus fuifc sapifintissimusquerex.Cic; of things,
vera et sapiens animl magnitudo, Cic. ; subst.,
a sensible, judicious person ; insani sapiens nomen
ferat, Hor.; used as a surname of the jurists, L.
Atilius, M. Cato, etc., Cic. II. Like'the Greek
<ro^o5, wise; subst., a wise man, a practical
philosopher, a sage; septein sapientes, The Seven
IVise Men of Greece ; sometimes simply septein,
Cic.
sapiente'r, adv. (sapiens), wisely, discreetly,
judiciously ; facere, Cic
saplentia -ae, f. (sapiens). I. good sense,
discernment, prudence ; pro vestra sapientia, Cic.
II. (like <ro<f>ia,) wisdom, esp., practical wisdom,
knowledge of the world, knowledge of the art of
government, Cic. ; with genit., constituendae
civitatis, Cic; plur., virtutes ebullire et sap-
ientias, rules of wisdom, Cic.
sapio -ii. 3. I. to taste, have a flavour or
taste ; a, lit., Plin. ; b, to smell of something;
crocum, Cic II. to taste, to have taste; a, lit.,
ut, cui cor sapiat, ei non sapiat palatus, Cic ;
b, fig., to discern, perceive, to be sensible, discreet,
wise ; sapere eum plus quam ceteros, Cic. ; with
ace, to utiderstand ; recta, Cic.
sapo -onis, m. (a Celtic word), soap used by
the Gauls as a pomade for the hair, Plin.
sapor -oris, m. (sapio), taste. A. the taste of
a thing; 1 a, lit, qui non sapore capiatur,
Cic; b, tig., elegance in discourse; vernac-
ulus, Cic. ; 2, meton., a delicacy, a titbit ;
S^allae admiscere saporem, Verg. ; 3, transf.,
Sap
.502
sat
Scent, Pifn. ; meton., saporas, pleasant odours,
Verg. B. the taste which a person has; 1, lit.,
Lucr. ; 2, fig., good taste in behaviour or dis-
course; homo sine sapore, without, taste, Cic.
Sapphious -a -um, v. Sappho.
sapphirus (sappirus) -i, f. (o-ompeipos),
the sc.yphirc, Plin.
Sapphd -us, f. (2a7r<J)a.), a lyrical poetess of
Mytilene in Lesbos, who threw herself into the sea
on account of her unrequited love for Phaon.
Hence, adj., Sapphicus -a -um, Sapphic.
sappirus = sapphirus (q.v.).
Saprus -a -um (o-anp6';), putrid, rotten, Plin.
sarcina -ae, f. (sarcio), a bundle, pack, pack-
age, portable luogage of a person. I. A. Lit., a,
sing., Plant. ; b, plur., sarcinas conferre, Cic. ;
legionem sub sarcinis adoriri, Caes. B. Fig.,
burden, load: publica rerum, burden of govern-
ment, Of. II. Transf., the fruit of the womb, Ov.
sarcinarius -a -um (sarcina), pertaining to
burdens or baggage ; jumenta, pack-horses, beasts
of burden, Caes. "
sarexnator -oris, m. (sarcio), a patcher,
mender, cobbler, Plaut.
sarcinatUS -a -um (sarcina) loaded, bur-
dened, Plaut.
sarclniila -ae, f. (dim. of sarcina), a little
bundle or package, gen. plur., Cat., Juv.
sarcio, sarsi, sartum, 4. to mend, patch, re-
pair. I. Lit., tunicanij Juv. II. Fig., to make
good, repair; damna, Cic. ; detrimentum, Caes.;
injuriam, Caes. ; gratia male sarta, not coin-
phtehj restored, ilor. Partic, sartus -a -um,
with special phrase sartus et tectus or sartus
tectus, in good condition ; a, lit., of buildings,
in good repair, in good condition, well repaired
or built; aedem Castoris sartam tectam tradere,
Cic. ; omnia sarta tecta exigere, Cic. ; b, fig.,
in a good condition, well preserved, safe; 51.
Curium sartum ct tectum, ut aiunt, ab omni
incommodo conserves, Cic.
sarcion -li, m. (crapiti'oi'), a flaw in an
emerald, Plin.
saroocolla -ae, f. (o-apKOKoWa.), a kind of
Persian gum, Plin.
sarcophagus -a -um (<TapKo<f>dyo<;), lit.,
flesh-eat i » g ; lapis, a kind of stone used for coffins,
which was believed to consume the body; hence,
subst., sarcophagus -i, m. a coffin, sarco-
pliagus, Juv.
sarculatio-oius,f.(sarculiim),« Wnio, Plin.
sarculum -i, n. (Barrio), a light hoc, Hor.
sarda -ae, f. I. a small fish which was
pickled, perhaps a sardine, Plin. II. a precious
stone, perhaps cornelian, Plin.
Sardanapalus (Sardanapallus) -i, m.
(SapSai'diraAot, 2ap£arajraAAos), tlie last king of
tlie Assyrians, who, on a revolt against him, burnt
himself with his seraglio and all his treasures.
1. Sardi, v. Sardis.
2. Sardi -6ruin, m. (Sap«<i = Sardinia), the
inhabitants of the island of Sardinia, the Sardin-
ians, notorious for their perfidy, Cic. Hence,
A. Sardus -i -um, Sardinian. B. Sardon-
ius -a -um, Sardinian; herba, v. Snrdous. C.
Sardous (SapJwos), Sardinian ; herba, rt kind
of poisonous crow's-foot. D. Sardinia -ae, f.
the island of Sardinia, Cic; hence, Sardlni-
ensis -e, Sardinian.
Sardis -lum, ace. -is, f. (SapSen), Sardis, the
old capital of Lydia on the Pactolus, residence of
King Croesus, now Sart. Hence, A. Sardi
-6rum, m. the Hardians, Lydians. B. Sardl-
anus '-a -um, Sardian ; plur., Sardiani
-orum, m. the Sardians.
sardonyx -nyehis, (o-apSow^), a precious
stone, the sardonyx, Juv.
Sardous, v. Sardi.
Sardus -a -um, v. 2. Sardi.
sargus -i, m. a salt-water fish much esteemed
by the Pomans, Ov.
sario = sarrio (q.v.).
sarisa (sarissa) -ae, f. (tripico-a), the long
Macedonian pike, Li v.
sarisophorus (sarissophorus) -i. m.
(crapi<Tao(l>6po<;), a Macedonian pikeman, Liv.
Sarmata -ae, m. (Sapfiarrjt), a Sarmatian ;
plur., Sarmatae, the Sarmatians, a nation in
modern Poland, Little Tartary a7id adjoining
countries. Hence, A. Sarmatia -ae, f. (Zap-
naria), Sarmatia, the country of the Sarmatae.
B. Sarmaticus -a -um (Sap/ua-</cos), Sur-
■matic; mare, the Black Sea, Ov. ; adv., Sarma-
tice, after the Sarmatian manner; loqni, Ov.
C. Sarmatls -Idis, f. Sarmatian ; tellus, Ov.
sarmen -Inis, n. = sarmentum (q.v.).
sarmentosus -a -um (sarmentum), full oj
tivigs or small branches, Plin.
sarmentum -i, n. twigs, loppings, small
branches, brushwood; a, green, of tlie vine, Cic.;
b, dry = brushwood, loppings, faggots; fasces
sarmentorum, fascines, Liv. ; ligna et sannenta
circumdare, Cic.
Sarnus -i, m. a river in Campania, on which
was Pompeii, now Sarno.
Sarpedon -dnis, m. (S,ip7rr)SoJ>0. I. son
of Jupiter, king in Lycia, who came to the help of
the Trojans, and was slain by Patroclus. II. a
promontory in Cilicia, now Lissan el Kahpe.
Sarra -ae, f. the Hebrew Zor, old name of the
city of Tyre; hence, adj., Sarranus -a -am,
Tyrian, Phoenician ; ostium, Verg.
sarracum -i, n. = serracum (q.v.).
Sarranus -a -um, v. Sarra.
Sarrastes -um, m. a people in Campania,
living on the Sarnus.
sarrio (sario) -tti and -ivi -Itum, 4. to hoe,
and thence, to weed, Plin.
sarritor -oris, m. (sarrio), one who hoes up
weeds, a hoer, weeder, Varr.; syncop.. sartor, fig.,
Plaut.
sartago -Inis, f. a frying-pan, Juv.; sartago
loquendi, medley, hotch-potch, Plin.
sartor = sarritor (q.v.).
sartus -a -um, partic. of sarcio (q.v.).
sat = satis, enough, sufficient. I. Adj.,
enough, sufficient ; tantum, quantum sat est, Cic;
full, by genit., nee sat rationis in armis, Verg. ;
by infln., nonne id sat erat, accipere nb iilo
injuriam, Tac. II. Adv., a, with verbs, bibere,
Verg.; b, with adj., bonus, Cic; c, with another
adv., sat diu, Cic.
sat&gito, 1. to have enough to do, have one's
hands full, Plant.
satago, 3. I. to satisfy or pay a creditor,
Plant. II. to be very busy, have enough to do,
have one's hands full, be in trouble, Petr.
satelles -Itis, c. I. a guard, attendant, and
plur., guards, escort, suite, train, Cic II. Transf.,
1, n companion, attendant; Aurorae, Lucifer,
Cic; Orci, Charon, Hor.; 2, esp., in a bad sense,
lackey, aider, accomplice, abettor; andaciae, Cic;
sceleium, Cic.
satias -?>tis, f. (satis) = satietas. I, a suffi-
ciency, abundance; cibi, Lucr. II. S"ticty, satis-
Sat
503
Sat
fed desire, loathing ; quo da die epulatis jam
vini satias esset, Liv.
Saticula -ae, f. a town of Sainnium^ near
modem Caserta Vccchia. Hence, A. Satioul-
anus -a -urn, relating to Saticula. B. Sati-
culus -i, in. an inhabitant of Saticula.
satietas -atis, f. (satis). I. a sufficiency,
abundance, Plaut. II. satiety, loathing; cibi,
Cic. ; Hg., satietus provinciae, Cic. ; studioruin
omnium satietas vitae facit satietatem, Cio.
satine, satin' = satisne, v. satis.
1. satio, 1. (satis), to satisfy, satiate. I. 1,
lit, with food and drink, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, ot
natural desires, to satisfy, appease ; desidena
naturae, Cic. ; sitim, Plaut. ; b, of other tilings,
ignes odoribus, Ov. II. Fig., 1, to satisfy, sate;
aviditatem legend!, Cic. ; 2, to overfill, to cloy, to
disgust, satiate; munerus agnoscitur, deinde
satiat, Cic.
2. satio -5nia, f. (sero). I. a sowing ; plur.,
satioiies, concr., the sown fields, Cic. II. plant-
ing, Verg., Liv.
satira (satiira) -ae, f. (satnr), satirical
poetry, satire, Hor
satis, coinpar., satius, enough, sufficient. I.
In posit., A. Gen., 1, adj., satis est alicm
aliquid, (Jic. ; satis est foil, by si, Cic. ; satis
superque habere, enough and more than enough,
Cic. ; foil, by genit., ea amicitia Hon satis liabet
nrmitatis, Cic; ad dicendum teinporis satis
habere, Cic; (non) satis est, foil, by infln., Cic;
satis habeo, with mfln., Sail. ; with quod, Lay. ;
2, adv. (often satine or satin'= satisne) ; a, with
verbs, consequi, Cic; satin' est id ad, etc., Cic;
b, with adj., satis niulta rostaut, Cic ; C, with
ad\'., honeste, Cic; absol., de hoc satis, enough of
this, Cic. B. Particular phrases ; a, satis ago,
to have enough to do; iinpers., agitur tamen
satis, Cic. (cf. satagitoandsatago); b, legal 1. 1. ,
satis accipere, to take bail, security, Cic II.
Compar., satius, better, more advantageous ; satms
est, or satius (esse) existimo, or satius puto ;
with infin., mori satins esse, Cic.
satisdatio -onis, f. (satisdo), a giving bail
or security, Cic
sati3do -dedi -datum -dare, 1. to give hail or
security ; with genit., damn! infect!, Cic; hence,
satisdato, by bail, by security; debere, Cic.
satisfacio -feci -factum, 3. to satisfy, give
satisfaction. I. Gen., officio suo, Cic; vitae
satisfeci, / have lived long enough, Cic ; alicui
aliquid petenti, Cic; histriones satisfaciebant,
Cic II. Esp.. A. to satisfy, pay a creditor; ipse
Fufiis satisfacit, Cic B. a, to give satisfaction,
make amends, make reparation; alicui, Caes.,
Cic. ; omnibus rationibus de injuriis, Caes. ;
b, to move sufficiently; alicui with ace and
infin., Cic.
satisfactio -JSnis, f. (satisfacio). I. satis-
faction, amends, reparation, excuse, apology ; satis-
factionem alicuius accipere, Cic, Caes. II.
satisfaction by punishment, Tac; Caesar Ubiorum
satisfactionein accepit, Cic
satlUS, comp. of satis (q. v.).
sativus -a -urn (9ero, sevi), sown or planted,
Plin.
sator -oris, m. (sero, sevi). I. a sower,
planter; omnium reruin seininator et sator est
mundus, Cic. II. Transf., begetter, father,
prodttcer, causer ; sator hominum atque deorum,
i.e., Jupiter, Verg. ; so also litis, Lav.
satrapes -ae and -is, m., satrapa -ae,
m., and satraps -apis, m. (o-aTpdmns, a Persian
worU), the governor of a Persian province, satrap,
Kep.
satrapia (satrapea) -ae, f. (<ra.Tpa.neia), a
province governed by a satrap, satrapy, Plin.
Satrioum -i,n. a Txitin town on the Apptan
Jioad, now Casale di Conca. Hence, Satricani
-Orum, in. the inhabitants ofSatricum.
satur -tttra -turum (satis), full, sated, satiated.
I. A. Lit. pullus, Cic. B. Transf., 1, satisfied;
explcti atque saturi, Cic; 2, rich, fertile; la-
reutum, Verg. ; 3, of colours, deeply dyed, full,
dark; color, Verg. II. Tig., rich, copious; use ■
satura jejune (dicet), Cic.
satiira -ae, f. (so. lanx), a dish of various
fruits annually offered to the gods; hence, transf.,
a mixture, medley ; per saturam, indiscriminately,
confusedly, pell-mell; quasi per saturam scn-
tentias exquirere, Sail. Hence, satira (q.v.).
Satiirae palus, a lake in Latium.
saturcja -ae, f. the herb savory, Plin. ; het-
eroelite plur., saturcja -orum, n. Ov.
Satiircjanus -a -um, belonging to a district
of Apulia, hence, poet. = Apulian, Hor.
saturitas -atis, f. (satur). I. satiety, reple-
tion, Plant. II. Transf., abuiulance; satuntas
copiaque rerum omnium, Cic.
Saturnalia, etc., v. Baturnns.
Saturninus -i, m., L. Apulejus, tribune of
the people, killed in a riot, 100 B.C.
Saturnus -i, in. (sero, sevi), an old Latin
god, honoured as the god of planting (a sat u or
satione frugum) ; in later times identified with
the Kpovos of the Greeks; Satumi sacra dies,
Saturday, Tib. ; Satumi Stella, Cic, or simply
Saturnus, Hor., the planet Saturn. Hence, adj.,
A. Saturnius -a -um, Saturnian; Stella, the
planet Saturn, Cic; tellus, orarva, 7fu<i/(becauso
Saturn was said to have reigned there), Verg.;
gens, the Italians, Ov. ; Humerus, the old Italian
■poetm, Hor. ; proles, Picus, son of Saturn, Ov.;
domi'tor maris, Neptntm, Verg.; virgo, Vesta,
daughter of Saturn, Ov. ; Saturnus ^pater, Ju-
piter, Verg. ; and subst., 1, Saturnlus -li,m.,
(a) Jupiter, Ov. ; (/3) Pluto ; 2, Saturnia -ae,
f., (a) Juno, Verg. ; (/3), an old mythical town
on the Capitoline Hill, Verg. B. Saturnalis
-e, belonging to Saturn; gen. subst. plur., Sat-
urnalia -lam, n. the festival beginning with
the 17th of December, at which there were public
spectacles and banquets, presents were exchangeel,
slaves were wailed upon by their masters; the
festival lasted several days, the first of which
was called Saturnalia piima,the next Saturnalia
secunda, and the third, Saturnalia tertia, Cic.
Hence, adj., Saturnalicius -a -um, of or re-
lating to the Saturnalia, Mart.
saturo, 1. (satur), to satisfy, satiate. I. A.
Lit., animalia ubertate maminarum, Cic. B.
Transf., to satisfy = to fill ; sola flmo, to manure,
Verg. II. Fig., to satiate, glut, appease, satisfy ;
crudelitatem suam odiumque, Cic. ; homines
saturati honoribus, Cic.
1. satus -a -um, partic. of 2. sero (q.v.).
2. satus -iis, m. (2. sero). I. a sowing, setting,
planting, Cic. ; fig., seed; haec preparat aminos
ad satus accipiendos, Cic. II. Transf., begetting,
origin, stock, race; Hercules Jovls satu editus,
Cic. ; a primo satu, Cic.
Satyricus -a -um, v. Satyrus.
satyrion -5i, n. (vaTipiov), the plant rag-
wort, Plin.
Sat^riscus -i, m. (<raTt>pi'crKo?), a little Satyr,
Cic
Satyrus -i, m. (Sarvpot)- I- « Sa'V r > a
companion of Bacchus, represented with long
pointed ears, behind which were the stumps of
horns, with the tail of a goat, bristly hair, atul a
sau
504
Sea
flat nose ; in later times identified with the fauns
of the Roman mythology, deities of the woods
with horns and the feet of goats ; Satyrus Pliryx,
Marsyas, Ov. II. Transf., Greek Satyric drama,
In which Satyrs formed the chorus ; Satyronim
scriptor, Hor.
sauclatlo -<5nis, f. (saucio), a wounding, Cic.
sauolo 1. (saucius), to wound, hurt. I. Lit,
a, aliquem telis, Cic; b, tokt blood; euphem.,
to wound mortally, Cic. II. Transf., to tear up
the ground with the plough; duram humum, Ov.
saucius -a -uiu, wounded, injured, hurt. I.
Lit, gravlter saucius, Cic. ; pancis sauciis, Cses. ;
plur. subst, saucii -orum, in. the wounded,
Cic. II, Transf., a, of inanimate objects, in-
jured; inalus saucius Africo, Hor. ; glaclos saucia
sole, Ov. ; b, attacked by illness, Prop. ; c,
drunken, Mart. ; d, of accused persons, half
condemned ; de repetundU saucius, ap. Cic. ; e,
wounded, injured in mind; (a) troubled, dis-
tressed; animus elus, Cic. ;-(/3) esp., wounded by
lore; retina saucia eura, Verg.
saurion -i, n. (a-avpiov), mustard, Plin.
SanrOCtdnoS -i, m. (a-avpoKrovo';), the lizard-
killer (the name of a statue of Apollo by Praxi-
teles), Plin.
SaurSmates -ae, m. (Savponarr)?), a Sar-
matian ; plur., Saurornfitae -arum, the Sar-
matlans, Ov.
saviolum -i, n. (dim. of savium), a little
kiss, Cat.
savior, 1. dep. (savium), to kiss ; aliquem,
Cic.
savium -li, n. I. the mouth formed for kiss-
ing, Plaut. II. Meton., a kiss; Atticae meis
verbis savium des volo, Cic.
saxatilis -e (saxum), frequenting rocks, to
,be found among rocks, Plin.
saxetum -i, n. (saxum), a rocky place, Cic.
Baxeus -a -urn (saxum), mad' of rock or stone,
rocky, stony; scopulum, Ov. ; umbra, cast by a
rock, Verg. ; Niche saxea facta, turned to stone,
Ov.
p.- idfflcus -a -inn (saxum and facio), turning
into stone, petrifying ; Medusa, Ov.
saxifr&gus -a -um (saxum and frango),
stone-breaking, stone-crushing, Plin.
saxosus -a -um (saxum). I. full of rocks,
rocky ; valles, Verg. Subst., saxosa -orum, n.
rocky places, Plin. II. Transf., stony, flouring
between rocks; saxosus sonans Hypanis, Verg.
saxiilum -i, n. (dim. of saxum), a little rock,
Cic.
saxum -i, n. a rock or large stove, a detached
fragment of rock (rupes, a cliff, precipitous rock).
L Lit, A. a rock; 1, gen., saxo undlque absciso
rupes, Liv. ; saxa latentia, reefs, Verg. ; 2, esp.,
a, Saxum sacrum, the holy rock, the place on.
the Aventlne where Remvs took the auspices, Cic. ;
b, the Tarpeian rork, Cic. ; c, Saxa rubra, v.
ruber. B. a stone; a, a (large) stone; saxa
jacere, Cic; b, a stone for building; saxum
quadratum, Liv. ; or for statues, non e saxo
sculptus, Cic. II. Meton., a, a stone wall ; saxo
lucum circumdedit alto, Ov. ; b, a stone build-
ing ; perrumpere amat saxa, Hor.
cabellum -i, n. (dim. of scomnum). I. a
small stool, footstool, Varr. II. a musical instru-
ment played with the foot, used to accompany
dancing, Cic.
scaber -bra -brum (scaboV rough, scuri'y.
I. Gen., unguis, Ov. ; roblgo, \erg. ; of persons,
rough, untidy, Hor. II. Esp., scabby, mangy;
oves, Plaut.
scftbies -ei, f. (scabo), roughness. I. ferrt.
Verg. II. the scab, mange, the itch. A. Lit.
Verg. S. Fig., an itch, itching desire Jor any.
tiling, Cic. ; lucri, Hor.
scablosus -a -um (scabies). I. ro'.igh, Plin.
II. scabby, mangy, Pers.
scabo, scitbl, 3. (root SCAT!, Gk. 2KAIT -tu\
to scratch, nib; caput, Hor.
soabritla -ae, f. and scabrlties -CI, £
(scaber), roughness, Plin.
Scaea porta -ao, f. and Scaoao portae
(Sxotal 7rvAai), the west gate of Troy.
scaena (scena) -ae f. (o-kyjit)), the boardi
of the theatre, the stage, the scene, the theatre. L
A. Lit., do scaena decedcre, to go off' the stage,
Cic. ; sphaeram in sceuam afferre, Cic. ; Aga«
memnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, on the stage,
i.e., in the tragedies, Verg. B. Transf., o(
nature, a background ; turn silvis scaona cornscis,
Verg. II. Fig., A. the stage, the boards of nnj
public action ; a, of the forum, etc., publicity,
the ico rid ; in scaena, id est, in contione,
Cic. ; minus in scena esse, to be less before the.
eyes of the world, Cic. ; scaenae seivire, Cic;
b, of schools of rhetoric, Tac. ; c, gen., scene,
sphere; scaena manet dotes grandis tuas, Ov.
B. anything presented for outward display ; a,
parade, outward show; (verba) ad scaenam pom-
pamque sumuntur, Cic ; b, deception, fraud,
scena rei totius haec, ap. Cic.
soaenalis -o (scena), belonging to the theatre,
theatrical, Lucr. (?)
scaenicus -a -um (o-kyjiikos), belonging to
the boards, scenic, theatrical. A. Adj., ludi,
Liv. ; voluptas, Cic. B. Subst., scaenicus -i,
rn. a stage-hero, an actor, Cic.
Soaevola -ae, m. (dim. of scaevus, the left-
handed), a surname of the gens Mucia, v.
Mucius
scacva -ae, f. (scaevus), an omen, portent,
Plant.
soaovus -a -um ((nciurfs). I. left, on \hc left
hand, Varr. II. awkward, Sail.
scalae -Srum, f. (from scando, as alu from
ago), a flight of stairs, staircase, ladder; se iu
scalas tabornae librarian conjicere, Cic ; scalas
admovere (mnris or moenibus), scaling-ladders,
Caes., Liv. ; jnuros scalis aggredi, Sail.
Soaldis -is, m. a river in Gallia Belgica, now
the Scheldt.
soalmus -i, m. (<r*-aA/jds), a thole or thole-
pin, on which an oar works, a row-lock ; navi-
cula duorum scalmorum, two-oared, Cic. ; scalm-
um nullum videt, no trace of boats, Cic.
scalpellum -i, n. (dim. of Bcalprnm), and
scalpellus -i, in. a small surgical knife, lancet,
scalpel, Cic.
scalpo, scalpsi, scalptum, 3. (root SCALP,
Gk. rAAtf-w), to scrape, scratch, tear. I. Gen.,
a, lit., terrain unguibus, Hor.; b, fig., to
tickle, Pers. II. Esp. t.t. of art, to scratch with
a sharp tool, to engrare on wood, gems, etc. ; apta
manus est ad ilngendum, ad scalpendum, Cic .
scalprum -i, n. (scalpo), a sharp, cutting
instrument; a, a cobblers awl, Hor.; b, a
chisel, Liv.; c, a pen -knife, Tac.
soalptor -Oris, in. (scalpo), a cutter, en-
graver, Plin.
scalptiira -ae, f. (scalpo). I. a cutting,
engraving; gemmarum, Plin. II. Meton., a
figure engraved, an engraving, Suet.
So&mander -dri, m. (Sxa/iavSpos), a river
in Troas, rising on Mount Ida and joining tlic
Slmois, calhi Xanthus, on account oj its red
colour.
sea 505
a -urn (i7xa(Aj3d?), crooked-leg iied,
Sen
scambus
Suut. _ _ _ „ „
scammonla (scamonia) and soam-
monea -ae, f. {0-K.a.p.p.wvia., <rica;ucon'a), scam-
monii, Cic.
scammonites -ae, m. scammony-wine,
Plin.
scamnum -i, n. (root SCAP (cf. seabellum
and scapus), Or. 2KHIT, whence o-K-qTrru, oxrjir-
rpoe, Doric, a-Kairrpov), a prop, bench, stool,
step, footstool ; scamnum facere, Hor. ; cava sub
tenerum scimna dare pedem, Ov. ; ante focos
scamnis considere longis, Ov.
scandix -Icis, f. (oWS^), chervil, Plin.
soando, scandi, seausum, 3. I. Intransit,
to climb; a, lit., in aggerem, Liv. ; in domos
superas, Ov. ; b, transf., to raise oneself, to rise;
supra principem, Tac. II. Transit, to ascend,
to climb up; inalos, Cic: muros, Liv.; Capitol-
iuin, Hor. ; fig., scandifc aeratas vitiosa naves
cura, Hor.
scansllis -e (scaudo), that can be climbed;
flcus, Plin.
scausio -onis, f. (scando), a climbing up,
ascending, Varr.
ScantlUS -a -11111, name of a Roman gens,
Cic; adj., Scantia silva, a woidin Campania, Cic.
scapha -ae, f. (o-k6.$t\), a small boat, skiff,
Cic.
seapluum -ii, n. ((TKafaov), a boxcl in the
shape of a boat; esp., a drinking- vessel, Cic.
Scaptenstila -ae, f. (SKairrij v\n), a small
town in Thrace near Abdera, famous for its gold
and silver mines, and as the place of exile of
Thucydides.
Scaptia -ae, f. a town in Latium; hence,
ail,]'-, Scaptlus -a -um, Scaptian ; tribus, Liv.
Soapiila -ae, in. a surname of the Cornelian
gens; adj., Scapulanus -a -um, belonging to
Scapula; liorti, Cic
scapulae -arum, f. the shoulder-blades, the
shmUtlers, the back, Plaut.
scapus -i, m. (v. scamnum), anything that
SUpportx, e.g., I. the stalk of plants, Plin. II. a
weaver's beam, Lucr. III. the shaft or stem of a
candelabrum, Plin.
soarabaeus -i, m. (*o-Kapa/3aio!, from
oxdpa/ios = Kapafioi), a beetle, Plin.
• scarifatio (scarif icatio) -Onis, f. (scarifo),
a scratching 'up, scarifying, Plin.
SCarifO (SCariflCO), 1. (<XKap«l!>ao/j.ai), to
scratch up with any sharp-pointed instrument,
scarify, Plin.
scarus -i, in. (cricdpo?), a salt-water fish, much
liked by the Romans, the parrot-fish, Hor.
scatebra -ae, f. (scateo), a spouting up,
bubbling up of water, Verg.
scateo, 2. and (archaic) scato, S. to gush
forth, spout out, bubble out. 1. Lit., Lucr. II.
Meton., to swarm, abound; with abl., arx
Bcatens fontibus, Liv.; with genit., terra fer-
arum scatet, Lucr.
scaturigo (scaturrigo) -ginis, f. (sca-
tlirio), a spring of bubbling water ; plur., scatu-
rigines turbidae, Liv.
scaturlo (scaturrio), 4. (scateo), to gush
forth; meton., Curio totus hoc scaturit, u full of
(love for this party), ap. Cic.
scaturrex ~ scaturigo (q.v.).
scaurus -a -um (connected with o-KoUJeif).
I. having projecting or swollen ankles, Hor. II.
Scaurus, a Roman surname of the gens Aemilia
and Aurelia, the most famous bearer of the name
$? ina M. AeipiUi'S Scaurus, whom Cicero defended.
scazou -ontis, m. {ana^otv, limping), an
iambic trimeter with a spondee or trocliee in the
last foot, Plin.
scelerate, adv. (sceleratus), impiously,
wickedly ; facere, Cic. ; dicere in aliquein, Cic. ;
domus scoleratius aedificata quam tjversa, Cic ;
aeeleratissime machinari oinnes insidias, Cic.
Sceleratus -a -um, p. adj. (from scelero).
I. polluted, profaned by guilt; terra, Verg.;
limina Tliracum, Ov. ; esp., sceleratus vicus,
the accursed street, the highest point of the vicus
Cyprius on the Esquiline, where Tullia, the
daughter of Servius Tullius, drove over the corpse
of her father ; sceleratus campus, the accursed
field, on the porta Collina, wliere unchaste Vestal
virgins were buried alive, Liv. ; scelerata sedes,
the lower world, Ov. II. Transf., A. impious,
wicked, profane, infamous, accursed ; hastu scel-
eratior, Cic. ; homo sceleratissimtis, Cic. ;
subst., scelerati -dram, in. villaitis, mis-
creants, Cic. ; poet.,, sceleratas sumere poenas,
for impiety, wickedness, Verg. B. wretciwl, un-
lucky, calamitous, noxious; frigus, Verg.
scelero, 1. (scelus), to pollute, profane with
guilt ; maims, Verg.
scelerosus -a -um (scelus), full of guilt,
wicked, impious, accursed ; facta, Lucr.
sceleste, adv. (scelestus), wickedly, im-
piously; facere, Liv.; suspicari, Cic.
scelestus -a -um (scelus). I. wicked., ac-
cursed, infamous ; a, facinus, Cic ; serino scelos-
tior, Liv.; scelestissiinum te arbitror, Plaut.; b,
knavish, roguish, Plaut. II. Transf., unlucky,
wretched, pernicious, Plaut.
scelus -5ris, 11. wickedness. I. Lit., subject.,
impiety, wickalness, Cic. II. Meton., object.,
A. a crime, evil deed, impious action, heinous
offence; 1, lit, scelus facere, admittere, com-
liiittere, edere, concipere, in sese concipere or
suscipere, Cic ; ministor sceleris, Liv. ; scelus
est(civeinRomanum) verberare, Cic; 2, transf.,
misfortune, calamity, Plaut. B. a villain,
scoundrel, rascal ; ne bestiis, quae tantiim scelus
attigissent, immanioribus nteremur, Cic. ; sce-
lus viri, a rogue of a man, Plaut.; so scelus arti-
ficis, Verg.
sec 11a = scaena (q.v.).
scenalis = scaenalis (q.v.).
scenicua = scaenicus (q.v.).
Scepsis -Is, f. (Sk^is), a town in Mysia,
now Eskiupschi or Eski-Schupsche. Hence,
SoepSlUS -a -um, of Scepsis; Metrodorus,
Cic.
soeptrifer -fSra -ferum (sceptrum and fero),
sceptre-bearing, Ov.
sceptrigir = sceptrifer (q.v.).
sceptrum -i, n. {<rKr\irrpov), a sceptre, royal
wand or staff. I. Lit, Cic; so jestingly, paed-
agogorum, Mart. II. Transf., dominion, king-
dom, royal authority; sceptra petit Evandri,
Verg.
sceptuchus -i, m. (<rici)TrTovx°0. the wand-
bearer, a high official in Eastern courts, Tac
scheda (schida) and soida -ae, f. (<rxi'5>j).
I. a strip of papyrus bark, Plin. II. Transf.,
a leaf of paper; ut scida ne qua dopereat, Cic.
schema -ae, f. and schema -at is, n,
(<rx^a), shape, figure, form, fashion, Quint.
SChlda = sclieda (q.v.).
SChlstOS -a -on (o-xio-tos), cleft, cloven, split,
Plin.
Schoeneus -ei and -Sos, m. (Sxoii'cw's), O king.
of Boeotia, father of Atalanta ; hence, A. Adj.,
ScJiofincJus -a -um, belonging to Schof-neus}
sch
500
SCI
Schoeneia virgo or simply Schoeneia, Alulanta,
Ov. B. Schoeneis -Wis, f. Atalanta, Ov.
schoendbates -ae, in. (o- / x°"'°/3«''>)<r), «
rojx-walker, rope-dancer, Juv.
sclioenus -i, m. (<r\olvos). I. an. ammnric
reed used b?/ i/ic Romans to flavour vine, and as
an ingredient in an unguent, Cato. II. Meton.,
A. o?i ointment, Plaut. B. a Persian measure
of distance (between SO ami 00 stadia), Plin.
schola (scola) -ae, f. (o-xoAij), leisure, rest
from work; hence, I. learned leisure, learned con-
versation, debate, dispute, lecture, dissertation ;
certae scliolae sunt do exsilio, do interitu
patriae, etc., Cic. ; scholas Graecorum more
habere, Cic. ; vertes te ad alteram soholam,
matter, Cic. II. Meton., 1, a, a place where
learned disputations are carried on, a school, Cic;
b, transf., (a) a gallery of works of art, used for
such disputations and conferences, Plin. ; (/5) a
waiting-room, room in a bath, Vitr. ; 2, the dis-
ciples of a philosopher, a school, sect; claniahant
omnes philosophoruni scliolae, Cic.
SChdlaStlCUS -a -um ((rxoAao-riico;), of or
'/•elating to a school; esp., to a school of rhetoric
or to rlietoric, rhetorical. I. Adj., controversia,
Quint. II. Subst, A. scholastica -Brum,
n. rhetorical exercises, Quint. B. sclldlasticus
-i, m. 1, a student of rhetoric, Quint; 2, a
teacher of rhetoric, a professor, Suet.
sciadeus -Oi, m. and sciaena -ae, f.
(tr/cia.5eu?, aKiaiva), the male and female of a salt-
water fish, perhaps Salmo Thymallus, Linn.,
Plin.
Sciathus (-Ss) -i, f. (£Ki'a0o5), an island in
the Aegean Sea, north of Euboea.
scitia = schida (q.v.).
sciens -entis (scio). I. Pailic, knowing
something, Ter. II. Adj., with compar. and
super!., A. = purposely, knowingly ; utoll'eiideret
sciens nemincin, Cic. B. acquainted with a
matter, knowing, understanding, versed in, ac-
quainted with ; with genit., belli, Sail.; citharae,
Hor.; scientissimus reipubjicae gerendae, Cic;
with intin., flectere equum sciens, Hor. ; absol.,
quis hoc homine seientior, Cic. ; scientissiinus
gubernator, Cic.
scienter, adv. (sciens), skilfully, expertly;
dicere, Cic.
scientia ae, f. (sciens), a knowing, know-
ledge of, acquaintance with. I. Gen., regionum,
Cic. ; futurorum malorum, Cic. ; inemoria et
scientia comprehendissc, Cic. II. Esp., theo-
retical, philosophical knowledge, theory, science;
an, quinn oa non utare, BClentiS tamen ipsa
teneri potest, Cic; scientia diabeticorum, juris,
Cic. ; rei militaris, Cic. ; plur., tot artcs, tantae
scientiae, Cic.
scilicet, adv. (contr. from scire licet). I.
actually, just think! (to call attention to some-
thing 6trange) ; rogat et prece cogit, scilicet ut
tibi se laudare et tradere cogar, etc., Hor. ; ter
sunt conati Olympum scilicet atque Ossae
frondosum involvere Olympum, Verg. II. of
course, naturally, evidently. A. Gen., a, with
ace. and infin., Lucr. ; b f as a simple particle,
cur igitur eos manumisit? metuebat scilicet,
Cic. B. Esp., a, naturally, of course, un-
doubtedly; with an adversative sent. (sen.
with tamen, sed tamen, or sed), nihil scilicet
novi, ca tamen, quae te Ipsum probaturum eon-
fidam, Cic. ; b, ironically, of course, to be sure,
forsooth; id populus curat scilicet, much the
people trouble, themselves about that! Tit.; DgO
istius pecudis consilio scilicet ant pracsidio uti
volebam, Cic ; c, doubtless alas ! unda scilicet
omnibus enaviganda, Hor, JXJ, to wit. namely,
Briery
scilla (squilla) -ae, f. (<7/a'AAa), 1, a sea-
leek, squill, l'lin. ; 2, «• small sea-crab, Cic.
8CilliliUS-a-iiui(scillus), made of squills, Plin.
scillites -ae, m. (<™o\,\it>)s), flavoured with
or made of squills, Plin.
scilliticus = scilliuus (q.v.).
scin'=scisne (q.v.).
scincos -i, in. (<r/a'yKos), on Egyptian species
of lizard, Plin.
scindo, scldi, scissum, 3. (connected with
o-\l.(u>), to tear, rend, tear asunder, break, split.
I. Lit., crines, Verg. ; mater scissa coiuam,
with torn hair, Verg.; epistolam, Cic; vestem
de corporo, Prop. ; lignum cuneis, split, cleave,
Verg. ; prow, paenulam alicui, to tear (oir a per-
son's travelling cloak), i.e., to urge a person to
stay, Cic. II. Transf., 1 ? topart, divide, separate;
genus amborum scindit so sanguine ab uno,
Verg.; pass., scindi, as middle, to separate, port;
in contraria studia scinditur vulgns, Verg. ; 2,
esp., a. to break off, interrupt ; verba fletu, Ov. ;
b, to destroy, Plaut.; c,(= rescindo) to renew;
ne scindam ipso dolorcm nieuin (from the
metaphor of tearing open a wound), Cic
scintilla -ae, f. a spark. I. Lit., Liv.; silici
scintillam excudere, Verg. II. Pig., a. spark,
glimmer, faint trace; belli, Cic. ; ingeuii, Cic.
scintillatio -Onis, f. (scintillo), asparkling,
Plin.
scintillo, 1. (scintilla), to sparkle, glitter;
scintillat oleum testa ardente, Verg.
scintillula -ae, f. (dim. of scintilla), a little
spark ; rig., virtutum quasi seintillulae, Cic
scio -ivi and -li -itum, 4. to lenow, to have
knowledge of, to experience. I. Gen. (<>pp. opinari,
arbitral!), (a) with ace, istarum rerum nihil,
Cic. ; quod sciam, as far as I know, Cic. ; (/3)
with infin., scio tibi ita placere, Cic. ; scinius
Atilium appellatum esse sapientem, Cic; (y)
with dcp. rel. or interrog. sent., cum sciatis,
quo quaeque res incline!, Cic; (5) absol., statim
fac ut sciam, Cic. ; with de and the alii., cuin is,
qui de omnibus scierit, do Sulla se scire negavit,
Cic II. Esp., a, to know, have learned, be
acquainted with ; (a) with ace, litcras, Cic; (0)
with intin., qui tractare et uti sciat, Cic. ; (y)
absol., scire Graece, Latino, to understand Greek,
Latin; b, to perceive, to mark, Plaut. (syncop.
perf., scisti, Ov. ; infin., scisse, Cic).
sciothericon -I, n. (o-KioOvpiKov), a sun-dial,
Plin.
Scipiadas and Scipiades, v. 2. Scipio.
1. SCipiO -Onis, in. (iTKimov, oKgnuiv), a step",
want!, Plaut. ; eburneus, carried by viri tri-
umphales, Liv.
2. SCipiO -Onis, m. (ZLkittioiv, 2)a)Jriu)i>), a
family name of the gens Cornelia, v. Cornelius.
Hence, Scipiadas (-es) -ae, m. (5ia7rid£>]?),
one of the family of the Scipios, a Scipio.
Sciron -onis, m. (Ixipiov, ludpw). I. a
noted robber on the coast between Megarls and
Attica, killed by Theseus. II. (Sciron, Scyron,
Siron, Syron), an Epicurean philosopher, con-
temporary with Cicero and Vergil.
scirpeus (sirpeus) -a -um (scirpus), made
of rushes. I. Adj., imago or simulacrum (v.
Argei), Ov. II. Subst., scirpeaor sirpea(sispia)
-ae, f. basket-work made of rushes (to form the
body of a waggon), Ov.
scirpiculus (sirpiciilus) -a -um (scirpus),
mails of rushes. Subst., scirpiculus -i, m. a
rush-basket, Prop.
scirpus (sirpus) -i, in. n. rash, bulrush,
Plin. ; prov., nodum in scirpo qunerere, to find a
liiff, <i!tn v;here there is none, Plju,
sci
507
ser
BCirros-i, m. (o-iappos), a hard swelling, Plin.
sciscitator -oris, m. (sciscitor), cm inquirer,
ixaminer, Mart.
sciscitor, 1. dop. to investigate, inquire into,
examine into, ask, interrogate ; (a) with ace. of
thing, consulis voluutatem, Liv. ; (0) with ace.
and ex and the abl., ex eo eius sententiam, Cic.;
(V) with de and the abl., sciscitari de victoria,
Cic: (6) with ace. of person, to consult; doos,
Liv.: (e) with dop. infcerrog. Bent., sciscitari,
uter Porsena esset, Liv.; (£) absol., elicuit
co'miter seiscitando ut, etc., Liv.
acisco, sclvi, sclturn, 3. (scio). I. to wck.to
find out, investigate, inquire, Plaut. II. Polit.
t. 1., to approve of by voting, to vote, assent to ; a,
of the people, to ordain, resolve: quae sciseeret
plebes, Cic.; with ut and the subj., Athemenses
Bcivorunt ut, etc., Cic. ; of an individual, to vote
fur ; legem, Cic.
scissura -ac, f. (scindo), a splitting, cleav-
ing, rending, separating, parting, Plin.
scissus -a -uin, p. adj. (from scindo), torn,
rent; transf., genus vocum, harsh, grating, Cic.
scitamenta -5rum, n. (I. scitus), dainties,
titoits, Plaut.
SClte, adv.. (1. scitus), cleverly, skilfully, taste-
fully, nicely, elegantly ; scite loqui, Liv.; capella
scite facta, Cic.
ECltor, 1. (scio), to wish to know, inquire, ask;
aliquid. Verg. ; aliquem de aliqua re, Ov. ; orae-
ula, to consult, Yerg. ; with dep. interrog., quid
veniat, scitatur, Ov.
SCltulus -a -ran (dim. of scitus), neat, pretty,
elegant ; facies, Plaut.
scitum -i, n. (sciseo). I. a decree, statute,
ordinance; plebis scitum, populi scitum, Cic;
plebei and plebi scitum, Liv.; seita ponUtleis,
Liv. ; Ctesiphon scitum fecit ut, etc., Cic. II.
a philosophical tenet. or maxim (Sovp-a), Sen.
,1. scitus -a -urn, p. adj. (from sciseo). I.
clever, wise, shrewd, skilful, adroit; sermo, Cic. ;
with genit., scitus vadorum, acquainted with,
Ov. ; lyrae, Ov. ; hence, scitum est, it is a clever
sailing, Cic. ; vetus illud Catonis admodum
scitum est, Cic. II. Transf., pretty, fine,
Plaut. .
2. scitus -ti, m. (sciseo), a statute, decree;
plebi sci tu, Cic.
sciurus -i, in. (cria'oupo5), a squirrel, Pliu.
scius -a -uin (scio), knowing, Petr.
scdbina -ae, f. (scobis), a rasp, file, Plin.
scobis -is, f. (seabo), that which is scratched
or. scraped off, filings, cuttings, chips, sluxvings,
eau'dust, II or.
Scodra -ae, f. a town in Macedonian Illyria,
now Scodar or Scutari. Hence, Scodrenses
-ium, m. the inhabitants of Scodra.
Scodrus -i, m. mons, the easterly continua-
tion of the Dalmatian and lllyrian mountains,
now Argentaro.
scola, etc.= schola, etc. (q.v.).
scolopendra -ae, f. (o-KoAdiwopa), a kind
ofmultipede, scolopendra, Plin.
scolymus -i, m. (o-«:6Aufios), a species of arti-
choke, Plin.
scomber -bri, in. (o-K<ip.|3pos), a sea-fish, a
■ mackerel, Plin.
Scopas -ae, m. (Surras), a famous sculptor oj
Paros.
scopa -ae, f. I. a thin twig, a sj>rig, gen. in
plur., Plin. II. Meton., plur., scopao -arum,
f. a besom or broom, made of a number of twigs or
branches; scopae vilos, llor. ; hence, prov.,
scopas dissolvere, to untie a broom, i.e., throw
anything into confusion, Cic; scopae solutae =
c muddled, foolish mm, Cic,
scopes -uin, f. (oxin-e?), akind of owl, Plin.
scopio -ouis, f. the stalk of a bunch of grapes,
Plin.
sc8pulosus -a -urn (scopulus), rocky, full o)
cliffs, craggi/. I. Lit., mare, Cic. II. Fig., m-
telligo quam scopulosu dillicilique in loco verser,
Cic.
SCOPUIUS -i, 111. (oxoVeAos). I. « rock, CTOg,
cliff ■ esp., a rock in tlie sea; ad scopulos allldi,
Caes. ; affligi, Cic. ; poet., of a promontory, uifames
scopuli, Acroceraunia, Hor. ; in comparisons, o
scopulis undaque ferocior, Ov. II. Fig., A. Gen.,
ad seopulum ire, to be ruined, Lucr. B. Esp., a
rock, cliff (as symbolical of danger, difficulty,
peril) ; in hos scopulos iucidere vitae, Cic. ; of
persons, vos geinimio voragines scopullque rei-
ptlblicae (of Piso and Gabiaius), Cic.
scopua -i, m. (o-kottos), a mark set up to shoot
at, Suet.
scordiou -U, n. (o-KopSioy), a plant having an
odour of garlic (Teuerion scordium, Linn.), Plin.
Scordus -i, m. (to ^Kipiov 6po ? ), a mountain
in Illyria barbara or Romano, on the borders of m
Moesia and Macedonia.
scoria -ae, f. (oxyopia), dross or slag (of metals),
Plin.
scorpaena -ae, f. (o-Kopnawa), a sea-scorpion,
Plin.
scorpio -onis, m. and soorpius (-os) -i,
in. (o-Kopn-iW). I. a scorpion, Ov. II. Transf.,
a the Scorpion, as one of the signs of the Zodiac,
b' a militant engine for throwing missiles, Caes. ;
c' a prickly salt-water fish (Cottus scorpio,
Linn.), Plaut. ; d, a prickly plant (Spartium
scorpius, Linn.), Pliu.
scorpionius -a -urn (scorpio), of or relating
to a scorpion, Plin.
scorpiuron -i, n. (o-KopTnoupor), a plant,
scorpion's tail, heliotrope, Plin.
scortator -oris, m. (scortor), a fornicator,
Hor.
scorteus -a -urn (seortum), of or relating to
hides, leathern, made, of leather, Mart.; subst.,
scortea -ae, f. a leathern garment, Mart.
scortillum -i, m. (dim. of scortuin), a little
harlot, Cat.
scortor, 1. dep. (seortum), to wlwre, Plaut.
seortum -i, n. I. a skin, hide, Varr. II. a
prostitute, Cic.
screator -oris, m. (screo), one who hawks or
hems, Plaut.
screatus -vis, m. (screo), a hawking, hem-
ming, Terr.
screo, 1. to hawk, hem, Plaut.
scriba -ae, m. (seribo), a clerk or secretary ;
a in a public capacity, a clerk in the service of
the senate ov the higher magistrates; scriba aedi-
licius, Cic. ; b, of private persons, private secre-
tary; scriba mens, Cic.
seribllta -ao, f. a kind of tart, Plaut.
seribo, scrips!, scriptuin, 3. (root SCIUB,
SC1UP, connected with rPA<l>-io, as sculpo
with vAu.|>w), to enarave .with a sharp-pomtal
pencil, draw lines. I. 1, gen., lineam, Cic. ; 2,
to draw, sketch, make an outline oj ; sentietur
tibi forma et situs ngri, Hor. II. to write.
A. Gen., literam, Cic; mea manu senptae
litcrae, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to write a letter to ;
alicui, Cic ; ad aliquem, Cic ; ad aliquem do
aliquo (to recommend a person in writing to
some one eke) accuratissinie, Cic; pass., with
ace, pnd infin., scribttnr uobi? mulUtudineru
scr
508
sen
convenisse, Cic. ; 2, to beg, entreat, command by
letter; with utor ne and the subj., velim domum
ad te scribas ut mihi tui libri pateant, Cic. ;
Scipioni scribenduni, ne belliim retnitterct,
Liv. ; with subj. alone, seribit Labieno, veniat,
Cues. ; 3, to write, put down in writing, compose,
prepare; libros, Cic; leges, Cic; sonatas con-
Bultum, Cic ; absol., (a) like the English, to
write, i.e., to comjmse a literary work; se ad
scribendi stadium contulit, Cic. ; (0) to treat of
in writing ; hac super re scribain ad te, Cic. ;
(y) to compose a legal instrument, to draw up, write
drafts; haec urbana militia respondendi, scrib-
endi, cavendi, Cic. ; 4, with double ace, to
appoint in writing ; aliquem heredem, Cic; 5,
commercial 1. 1., to give an order for the payment
of money ; scribe docem a Nerio, let the debtor
pay 10,000 sesterces through (the money-changer)
Ncrius, Hor.; 6, to write about, describe, ccie
brute in writing; Marium, Cic. ; Beriberis Vr.rio
fortis, Hor. ; 7, polit. t. t., to enrol soldiers,
colonists, etc, supplemental!! legionibus, Cic. ;
quinque milia colonorum Capuam, Liv. ; tvansf.,
scribe tui gregis hunc, enrol him as one of your
friends, Hor.
scrmiuni -li, n. a cylindrical case, casket, or
box for books, papers, unguents, etc., Sail., Hor.
Scribomus -a -urn, name of a Roman gens.
SCTiptlo -onis, f. (scribo). I. writing, the
art of writing, Cic II. Esp., writing, written
composition ; nulla res tantura ad dicendum
prolicit, quantum scriptio, Cic
scriptito, 1. (intens. of scribo). I. to write
frequently; et iiaec et si quid aliudad me scribas
velim vel potius scriptites, Cic. II. to write,
. compose ; orationes multas, Cic
scriptor -5ris, m. (scribo). I. a writer,
clerk, secretary, Cic II. a writer, author, com-
poser, narrator ; 1, a, with genit., rorum suarum
domestici scriptores et nuntii, Cic. ; scriptor
rerum, a historian, Liv. ; b, absol., an author,
tenter; of orators, subtilis scriptor (Lysias),
Cic. ; of historians, Sail. ; of poets, Hor. ; 2,
polit. 1. 1., a composer, one who draws up ; legis,
Cic.
scriptula -5rum, n. (dim. of scriptum), the
lines on a draught-board, Ov.^
scriptum -i, It. (scribo). I. a line drawn on
a draught-board ; ludere duodecim scriptis, to
play at draughts, Cic. II. anything written, a
writing; 1, gen., Latina scripfa, Cic. ; mandare
scriptis, Cic ; 2, esp., a, a written decree, a law,
Cic. ; b, the text or letter of a work ; quum videtur
scriptoria voluntas cum scripto ipso dissentire,
Cic.
scriptura -ae, f. (scribo), a writing. I.
Gen., Win. II. Esp., a composing in writing,
v:ritten composition. A. Lit., scriptura assidua
ac diligens, Cic. ; scriptura nliquid persequi,
Cic. B. Meton., 1, the writing or work itself,
Tac. ; 2, testamentary disposition; deinde ex
superiore et ex inferioro scriptura doceudum id,
quod quaeratur, Cic. ; 3, a tax or rent paid for
the public pastures ; vectigal ex scriptura, Cic;
magistri scripturae, Cic
scripiilum (scruptilum) -i, n. (another
form ot scrnpulus), a scruple, the smallest part of
o weight or mass. I. Lit., ^Kpart of an uncia;
argenti scripulum, Cic II. Transf., the smallest
portion of o degree (in astronomy), a minute,
Plin.
scrSbiculus -1, in. (dim. of scrobis), a little
ditch, nin.
scrobis -is, c. a ditch, Verg. ; a grave, Tac.
scrofa -ae, f. (yponipat), a breeding sow, Varr.
scrofipascus -i, m. (scrofa a,.nd pasco), a
keeper of pigs, flflut:
sorupodaand scrupipoda -ae, f. hobbling,
limping, Plaut.
scrupeus -a -urn (scrupus), consisting oj
sharp stones, rugged, rough; spelunca, Verg.
Scruposus -a -urn (scrupus), rough, rugged,
Lucr.
scrupulose, adv. (scrupulosus), accurately,
exactly, scrupulously, Quint.
scrupulosus -a -nm (scrnpulus). I. Lit.,
full of sharp stones, rough, rugged ; cotes, Cic.
II. Fig., exact, accurate, scrupulous, precise, Plin.
scrupiilum - scripulum (q.v.j.
scrupfllus -i, m. (dim. of scrupus), lit., a
small stone ; fig., uneasiness, care, disquiet,
anxiety, doubt, scruple ; scrupulum nlieui injicere,
Cic ; scrnpulus tenuissimus residet, Cic. ; scru-
pulum ex animo evellere, Cic.
scrupus -i, m. I. a sharp stone, Pctr. II.
Fig., anxiety, disquiet, care, Cic.
SCruta -drum, n. 'ypv-nf), frippery, trash,
trumjiery, Hor.
scrutatio -Onis, m. (scrutor), a searching,
investigating, Quint.
scrutator -5ris, m. (scrutor), one who
searches, investigates, examines, Suet.
scrutor, l. aep. (scruta). I. to search into,
search through, investigate accurately, examine,
inspect. A. Lit., domos, naves, Cic ; Alpes,
Cic. ; abdit^a loca, Sail. B. Fig., to examine
thoroughly, toseekfor ; locos ex quibusargnmenta
eruamus, Cic. II. to search into, find out;
arcanum, Hor. ; mentes deum, Ov.
sculpo, sculpsi, sculptum, 8. (root SCULP,
Gr. rAY4', y\v^oi), to carve, hew, grave, cut,
chisel ; ebur, a statue of ivory, Ov.
Sculponeae -arum, f. wooden shoes, Plaut.
sculptilis -e (sculpo), carved, hewn, cut;
opus dentis Numidae, work in Ivory, Ov.
sculptura -ae, f. (sculpo), raised work in
wood, ivory, marble, gems, sculpture, Quint.
scurra -ae, m. I. a dandy, bean., man about
town, a fine gentleman ; scurrae locupletes, Cic.
II. a jester, buffoon, a parasite who earned his
dinner at the tables of the great by witty conversa-
tion; Zeno Socratem scurram Atticum fuisse
dicebat, Cic ; scurra V3gus, non qui certain
praesepe teneret, Hor.
scurrilis -o (scurra), like a buffoon, mocking,
jeering; jocus, Cic; dicaoitas, Cic.
scurrilitas -Stia, f. (scurrilis), buffoonery,
Tac.
scurrllitcr, adv. (scurrilis), like a buffoon,
Plin.
scurror, 1. dop. (scurra), to play the buffoon ;
scuirantis speciem praebere, nor.
scutalo -is, n. (scutum), the thong of a sling,
Liv.
scutarius -ii, in. (scutum), a shield-maker,
Plaut.
SCUt&tUS -a -uni (scutum), armed with a
shield ; cohortes, Caes.
scutolla -ne, f. (dim. of scutra), a little flat
dish or salver ; dulclculae potiouis, Cic.
scutfea (scjftlca) -ae, f. (o-kvtho;, from
ctkOto?, leather), a whip, lash, Hor.
scutlgerulus -i, m. (scutum and gero), a
shield-bearer, armour-bearer, Plaut.
scutra -ae, f. a tray, dish, salver, Plant.
scutula -ae, f. (o-Kv-raATj). I. a roller for
moving heavy weights, Cats. II. a small tray
or dish, Mart. I'll, a diamond or lozen,ge-3havej.i
figure, Tac
sen
805*Sid.tus -a -urn (scutula), lozenge or
iiamoml-shapcd fabrics woven in checks, Juv.
Plur. subst., scutulata -6mm, n. (sc. ves-
timenta), clothes made 0/ such fabrics, Juv.
scutulum -i, n. (dim. of scutum), a little
shield, Cic.
scutum -i, n. (o-kutos, leather), a large quad-
ran'jular shield, made of wood covered with hUles
(clipeus, a smaller oval shield of metal); pedestre
(of a foot-soldier), Llv. ; scutum abjicere, Cic. ;
sctito vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Llv.
Scylaccuni -i, n. a town in Lower Italy,
now Squillace ; navifragum, Verg.; hence, Scy-
laceus -a -um, relating to Scylaceum; litora,
Ov.
Scylla -ae, f. (2«vAAa). I. re lofty rock at
the entrance to the straits between Sicily and Italy,
opposite to the whirlpool Charybdis, dangerous
for sailors; persomf., daughter of Phorcus,
changed bii Circe into a monster, with dogs about
the lower part of ~ier body. II. daughter of Nis-us,
king in Mcgara, who cut off her father's hair, on
which his happiness depended, and was turned
into the bird Viris. Hence, Scyllaeus -a -um
(SxuAAaios), belonging to Scylla I. Subst.,
Scyllaeum = Scylla I., re rock; transf., Scyll-
aeum illud aeris alieni, Cic.
scymnus -i, m. (o-kvuvos), a young animal,
whelp ; leonum, Lucr.
scyphus -i, m. (o-ku^os), a drlnking-cup,
goblet ; inter scyphos, over our wine, in our cups,
Cic. ; vartit in eundem carcerem atoue in
eundem paucis post annis soyplium (cup of
poison) Socrates, Cic.
Scyrlas, v. Scyros.
Scyron = II. Sciron(q.v.').
Soyrus (-6s) -i, f. CXkvpos), an island in the
Aeaean Sea, near Euboea, now Sciro, where
Achilles concealed himself in woman's clothes, the
resilience- of I.y corned es, lehose daughter Deidamia
was the mother of I'yrrhus by Achilles. Hence,
A. Scyrias -.Wis, f. of Scyrus; puella, Dei-
damia, Ov. B. Scyrius -a -inn, of Seyms;
pubes, Verg. ; membra (of Pyrrlius), Ov.
scytala -ae, f. and scytalo -6s, f. (o-kutoAi)),
a roller ; lience, the roller used by the Spartans,
around which they bound strips, and thus wrote
their despatches, so that the despatches which
were unwound could only be read by being
rolled round a similar stick ; hence, ineton., re
secret despatch, Nep.
Scythes (Scytha) -ae, m. (2.kv0t)<;), a
Scythian. Plur., Scythae, the Scythians, a name
of various meaning, sometimes including all the
nomadic tribes to the north of the Blaj:k and the
Caspian Seus. Hence, A. Scythia -ae, f.
(S.Kv$ia), Scythia. B. ScythlCUS -a -um (2kv-
Oiicds), Scythian; amnis, the Tanais, Hor. C.
Scythis -Wis, f. a Scythian woman. D.
Soythissa -ae, f. a Scythian woman.
1. se (sed), prep.= without. I. With abl.,
se fraude esto, ap. Cic. II. Prep, insepar., a,
=■ without, as securus (= sine cura) ; b,= apart,
e.g., sepono.
2. se = semi, half, as semodius.
8. so = sex, six, as semestris.
4. se, ace. and abl. of sui (q.v.).
Sebethos (Sebetos) -i, m. re river in Cam-
pania, near Neapolis. Hence, Sebettns (Se-
betis) -Idis, f. of Sebethos; nympha, Verg.
sebosus -a -um (sebum), full of tallow, tal-
lowy, Plin.
sebum (sevum) and saevum -i, n. tallow,
tuet, fat, grease, Cues. .
6X0 666
-is, n. re species of grain, perhaps ryi\
s Scale
Plin.
secamenta -5rum, n. (seco), carved work,
Plin.
secedo -cessi -cessum, 3. to do Apart, go
away, witlulraw. I. Gun., a, of porsons, se-
cedant improbi, Cic; b, of things, to be distant; ■
tautuin eecessit ab imis terra, Cic. II. Esp., a,
to withdraw, retire, go asule ; in abditain partem
aedium, Sail.; ad deliberandum, Liv. ; b, to
withdraw, secede; plebs a patribus secessit,
Sail. ; in sacrum montem, Liv.
secerno -cre'vi -cretum, 3. to separate, sever,
part, sunder, set apart. I. Lit., nihil praedae
in publicum, Liv. ; with ab and the abl., se a
bonis, Cic; inermos ab armatis, Liv.; with ex
and the abl., aliquem e grege impeiatorem velut
inaestimabilem, Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen.,
anlmum a corpore, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to distin-
guish; blandum amicum a vero, Cic; poet.,
with abl. alone, honestum turpi, Hor. ; 2, to set
aside, to reject ; frugalissimum quemque, Cic. ;
contraria non fugere, sed quasi seceniere, Cic.
secespita -ae, f. (seco), a sacrificial knife,
Suet.
secessio -5nis, f. (secedo). I. a going on
one side; seccssione facta, Liv.; e6p. for a con-
ference or parley, secessiones subscriptorum,
Cic ; milites vesper! secessioneni faciunc, collect
together, Cacs. II. o political withdrawal, seces-
sion; populi, Caes.; in Aventinum montein,
Liv. Plur., secessiones plebei, Cic 1
secessus -us, 111. (secedo). I. a going away;
avium, miyration, Plin. II. retirement, retreat,
Ov. ; hence, meton., (a) a place of retirement, a
retreat, esp., a summer place of residence, Verg. ;
(S) a recess; longus, a bay running far into the
kind, Verg.
seclude -clusi -clusum, 3. (cludo, i.e.,
claudo), to shut off. I. to shut away, shut up
apart ; antro seclusa, Verg. ; transf., inclusuin
supplicium atque a conspectu parentiuin ac
liberilm seclusum, Cic II. to sever, separate,
sunder, Cic. ; munitione flumen a moiite, Caes* ; ■
transf., curas, to banish, Verg.
seclus, v. secus.
seclusus -a -um, partic of secludo.
sfico, sSciii, sectum, but ae'eaturus, 1. (root
SEC, connected with German sagon, English to
saw), to cut, cut off, cut in pieces. I. Lit., A.
Gen., pabula, Caes. ; unguis sectus, Hor. B.
Esp., 1, medical t. t., to cut off, amputate, to cut
surgically ; varices Mario, Cic ; 2, to cut, geld,
castrate, Mart. II. Transf., 1, to tear, wound,
scratch, injure, hurt ; secuerunt corpora vepres,
Verg. ; si quern podagra secat, torments. Cat. ;
2, to cut through, run through, sail through,
traverse ; ayis secat aethera pennis, Verg. ;
aequor puppe., Ov. III. Fig., 1, to lash in words,
satirise; urbem, Pers. ; 2, to divide; causas in
plura genera, Cic; hence, a, to settle, decide;
lites, Hor.; b, to pursue, follow up ; spemsecare,
Verg.
secreto, adv. (secretus), separately; consilia
secreto ab aliis coquebaut, Liv. ; eadem secreto
ab aliis quaerit, Caes. ; secreto hoc audi, tecum
habeto, Cic
secretus -a -um, p. adj. (from secerno),
separate, apart. I. Adj., A. Lit., 1, gen., arva,
Verg.; imperium, Liv.; 2, esp., separate, soli-
tary ; colles, Tac ; secreta petere loci, Hor. B.
Fig., a, deprived of; with abl., secreta cibo
natura, Lucr. ; with genit., corpora secreta
teporis, Lucr. ; b, secret ; artes, Ov. ; nee quic-
quam sccretum alter ab altero habent, Liv. II.
Subst., sccretum -i, n. 1, retirement, solitude,
a solitary place ; secreta Sibyllae.Verg.; abducere
flee
510
sec
aliquem iu secretura, Liv. ; in secrete, Llv. ;
2, o secret, mystery; omnium secreta rimari,
lac; iu secretis eius, in his private papers, Suet.
secta -ae, f. (sequor), a mode of life, proce-
dure, conduct, plan. I. Gen., nos qui hanc
sectam rationemquo vitae secuti suinus, Cic.
II. Esp., 1, polititxd method, party ; sequi eius
auctoritatein ouins sectam atiiue imperiuui
secutus est, Cic. ; 2, a philosophical school, sect ;
philosophorum sectam secutus es, Cic.
, sectarius -a -um (seco), cut, gelded, Plaut.
sectator -Oris, m. (sector), a follower, hanger
on; plur., a suite of attendants, train, retinue.
A. Gen., lex Fabia quae est de numero seetat-
oruiu, dependents, clients, Cic. B. a member of
a sect or school, Tac.
sectilis -e (seco). I. cut, cloven ; etrar, Ov. ;
pavimenta, made vp of small pieces, mosaic, Suet.
II. that can be cut or cloven, Mart.
sectio -onis, f. (seco). I. a cutting, cutting
up, Plin. II. the buying vp of confiscated pro-
perty, both of the goods of proscribed persons and
of booty taken in war, and of inheritances which
lapsed to the state; ad illnd sectionis seeing ac-
cedere, Cic; exercendis apud aerarium secti-
onibus famosus, Cic; concr. —property of this
kind, put up to auction; cuius praedae sectio
uon venierit, Cic. ; scctionem eius oppidi uni-
versam Caesar vendidit, Caes.
sectivns -a -um (seco), that can be cut or
chopped up, Plin.
1. sector -Oris, m. (seco), 1, a cutter; col-
loruin, a cut-throat, Cic; 2, a buyer of confiscated
or ether public property; bonorum, Cic; Pom-
peji, of the pr o pert y ofPompeyj Cic.
2. sector, l. dep. (intens. of sequor), to follow
eagerly, continually. I. Lit., 1, in a friendly
way, tn accompany constantly, run after; a,
aliquem totos dies, Cic. ; b, as a servant, to be
in, the train of; ii servi ubi sunt? Chrysogonum
seetantur, Cic ; 2, in a liostile manner, to run
after in order to ridicule, to harass ; a, ut pueri
enm sectentur, Cic. ; b, to follow animals in the
chase, to hunt, pursue; leporem, Hor. ; apros,
Verg. II. Transf., 1, to strive after, pursue
eagerly ; praedam, Cae*. ■. virtutes, Tac. ; 2, to
try to find out ; mitto sectari quo, etc, Hor.
sectrix -tricis, f. (sector), she that purchases
the confiscated property of the proscribe/1, Plin.
sectura -ae, f. (seco). I. a cutting, Plin.
II. Meton., a place where something is cut or dug
out ; aerariae secturae, copper-mines, Caes.
secubitUB -us, m. (6ecumbo), a deeping
alone, Ov.
secubo -ui, 1. to slc-p alone, sleep by ore's
self. I. Lit., Ov., Liv. II. to live a solitary
life. Prop.
secularls = saecularis (q.v.).
seculum = saccnlum (q.v.).
sccum = cum so, v. (ml and cum.
sccundani -Brum, m. (sccundus), soldiers of
the second legion, Liv.
secundarius -a -um (sccundus), belonging
to the second ran I: or class, of second-rate Quality;
panis, Suet ; of abstr., status de tribus secund-
aria, Cic. ; subst., socundarium -ii, n.
secondary matter of discussion, Cic.
. 1. secundo, adv. (secundus). I. in the
second place, Cic. II. for the second time, Lucr.
2. secundo, 1. (secundus), to male favourable,
to fivour, bless, assist, second; dii incepta see-
undent, Verg. ; secundante vento, Tac.
secundum, adv. and prep, (secundus). I.
Adv., 1, afterwards, behind ; ite hac secundum,
Plaut. ; 2, secondly, in the iie.rt phice. Cic. II,
Prep, with ace, after. A. In spate, 1, close
behind; aram, Plaut.; 2, along, close along, by,
near to; secundum mare, Cic. B. In time and
order of events, 1, lit., a, of time, after; se-
cundum comitia, Cic. ; secundum haec, ajter
this, Liv. ; secundum quictcm, in a dream, Cic ;
b, of order, after, next to; secundum te, nihil
milii amicius est solitudine, Cic; hcres secun-
dum iiliam, next after the daughter, Cic ; 2,
transf., a, according to, in accordance with ;
secundum naturam vivere, Cic. ; b, legal t. t.,
in favour of, to the advantage of; decernere sec-
undum aliquem, Cic.
secundus -a -uin (sequor), following. I.
Gen., 1, of time, luniine secundo, on the fol-
lowing day, Enn. ; inensa, the dessert, Cic. ; 2,
in succession, following the first, second; a, lit*.,
id secundum erat de tribus, Cic; lieres, a person,
to inherit in case the firs', heir dies, Cic. ; partes
secundae, the. second role, Cic; hence; subst,
(a) secundae -arum, f. the second rule ; agere,
Sen. ; iuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum, was
second fiddle to Crassus, followed after him, Cic; ;
(S) secunda -ae, f. (sc hora), the second hour ;
ad seciindam, Hor. ; b, tig., (a) second in
rank, next, following; secundus ad principa-
tum, Cic. ; (ft) second in value, second-rate,
inferior; panis, Hor.; nulli Campanoruin sec-
undus, Liv. 11. Esp., following easily or wil-
lingly. A. Lit., 1, of persons, dum ridetur lictis
Balatrone secundo, Hor. ; 2, of wind or tide,
following (i.e., favourable) ; a, of water, secundo
flumine, with the stream, Caes.; b, of wind,
navem secundis ventis cursuni teneutem, Cic;
vento secundissimo, Cic. ; c, of sails flUed with
a favourable wind, secunda vela dato, Ov. ? 3,
of things, curruquo (dat.) volans dat loia sec-
undo, Verg. B. Fig., a, favourable, favouring ;
voluntas contionis, Cic ; secundo populo, with
the goodwill of the people, Cic; secundo Harte,
with success in battle, Verg. ; leges secundissimac
plebi, Liv.; b, fortunate, successful; secundis-
simtun proelium, Caes.; res secundae, prosjierity,
Cic ; subst., secundum -!, n. prosperity, Ncp, ;
plur., secunda, Hor.
secure, adv. (securus). I. composedly, tran-
quilly, unconcernedly, Suet. II. securely, safely, .
Plin.
sccurlcula -ae, f. (dim. of securis), a Utile
axe, Plaut.
securifer -ffra -fSrum (securis and fero),
carrying an axe, Ov.
scouriger -gfra -gSrum (securis and gero),
carrying an axe ; puellae, the Amazons, Ov.
securis -is, ace -im, abl. -i, f. (seco\ an n t,
hatchet. I. A. Lit., for felling trees, Verg. ; as
a weapon of war, a battle-axe, Verg.; for killing
victims at a sacrifice, Verg. ; esp., for executing
criminals, the headsman's axe ; securi friire, pcr-
entere, Cic. ; saevus securi Torquatua(who had bis
own son beheaded), Verg. ; prov., securi Tenediil
(Tevf&ta ire\eicci), with the extrcmest severity (from
king Xenes of Tenedos, wlio executed every
person who accused an innocent man), Cic.
B. Fig., wound, injury, disaster; graviorein
infligfere securim reipnblicne, Cic. IL M >ton.,
(as secures, fasces and virgae were carried by
the lictors of the highest magistrates at Home),
supreme, power, Roman supremacy; tl, plur.,
Gallia sccuribus subjects, completely sub
Caes. ; b, sing., Germauia colla Bomanac prae-
bens animosa securi, Ov.
SCCUritas -iKis, f. (securus). I. freedom
from rare. A. In a good si-use, peace of mind,
quiet, (Jic B. In a bad sense, carelessness, ih-
difference, Tac II. Transf., freedom from- '
danger, security, Tac.
8G0
511
sed
Securus -a -um (1. se and oura), free from
tare. I. Lit., unconcerned, fearless, tranquil;
a, of persons, animus securus do aliqua re,
Cic. ; securior ab aliquo, Liv. ; with genit.,
amorum, Verg. ; f.nnae, Ov. ; with dep. interrog.
sent., quid Tiridaten terreat, unice securus,
Ilor.; lion securus, followed by no and the subj.,
ne quis etiam errore labatur vestrum quoque
non sum securus, Liv. ; b, of inanimate things,
(«) untroubled, cheerful; quies, Ov. ; olus, simple,
plain meal, Hor. ; with genit., sint tua vota licet
seenra repulsae, safe against, Ov. ; (/3) in a bad
sense, negligent, careless ; castrensis jurisdictio,
Tac. II. Transf., safe, secure; tenipus, locus, Liv.
1. secus, n. indecl. = sexus, sex; virile et
muliebre secus, Liv.
2. secus, adv. (root SEC, SEQ, whence se-
quor). I. Posit., A. Adv., a, otherwise, not so;
secus est, non (haud) secus, just as, foil, by
atque (ac) quant, etc.; longe secus, far otherwise,
Cic. ; b, not right, not well, badly (opposed to
preceding recte, bene, beate, etc.); recte an
secus, rightly or wrongly, Cic. ; ant beate aut
secus viveie, happily or the reverse, Cic. ; secus
existimare de aliquo, Cic; c, less; neque multo
secus in iis virium, Tac. B. Prep, with ace.
= secundum, Cato. II. Compar., setiuius
(sccitis) and soctms (setius), 1, otherwise,
not so; non setius ut, not otherwise than, just as,
Verg. ; non sutius uriturquam, Ov. ; 2,= minus,
less ; nilo and niliilo setius (sequius), none the lens,
Cic; haud setius and non setius, Verg. ; 3, less
well, badly; invitus quod sequius sit de meis
civibus loquor, Liv.
sccutor -oris, m. (sequor), a gladiator armed
with a sword and shield «>7io fought with a rc-
tiarius, Juv.
1. sed, v. 1. se.
2. sed (old Latin sSt), conj. (connected with
s§d *= se, without). I. but, yet ; 1, to limit or
qualify a person's statement, Cic. ; sed enim,
Cic. ; sed enimvero, Liv. ; sed autem, Verg. ; 2,
esp., a, to express an' ascending climax, sed
etiam, but also, nay rather; avarissiinne sed
etiam crudelissimae, Cic; consilium del'uit, sed
etiam obfuit, Cic; b, in transitions, but, yet ;
(a) in returning to a previous subject, sed red-
eamus ad Hortensium, Cic. ; (/3) in resuming a
discourse after a parenthesis, ut peroravit (nam
. . . peregerat), sed ut peroravit, otc, Cic. ; c,
in breaking oft' disoourse, but, yet ; sed haec
hactenus, Cic. II. To limit or qualify a pre-
vious negative sent., but; esp., in the phrases
non modo (non solum, non tantnm), sed etiam
(quoque), not only . . . but also; non modo
(solum) . . . sed, not only . . . but even; ne-
gotiis non interfuit solum, sed praefuit, Cic.
sedamen -Inis, n. (sedo), a sedative, Sen.
sedate, adv. (sedatus), quietly, composedly,
tranquilly; placide atque sedate, constanter
et sedate dolorein ferre, Cic. ; of discourse,
sedate placideque labi, Cic
sedatio -5nis, f. (sedo), on allaying, sooth-
ing, assuaging of violent emotion or passion;
anirni, Cic; maerendi, Cic; plur., sedationes
(animi), Cic.
sedatus -a -um, p. adj. (from sedo), quiet,
composed, tranquil; homo, Cic; scdato gradu
abire, Liv. ; animus sedatior, Cic
sedecies, adv. (sedeeini), sixteen times, Plin.
sedecim and sexdSciut (sex and decern),
sixteen, Caes.
sedeciila -ae, f. (dim. of scdes), a loiv seat
or stool, Cie.
sedentarius -a -um (.seden.9), sitting, se-
dentary; sntor, Plaut.
sedeo, sedi, 2. to sit. I. Gen., A. Life., 1,
a, of persons, with in and the abl., in sella, in
solio, in equo, Cic. ; with abl. alone, carpento,
sede regia, Liv. ; absol., quum tot summi ora-
toressedeant, Cic; b, of animals, to settle ; comix
sedet in hunio, Ov. ; 2, esp., of magistrates, to
sit in council, sit in judgment ; SaievolS (tri-
buno) in rostris sedente, Cic. ; pro tribuuali,
Cic ; in tribuuali, Cic B. Transf., of things,
to settle, sink down; sedet nebula densiorcampo,
Liv. ; sedisse montes, Tac. ; of food, to settle, be
digested ; esca quae tibi sederit, Hor. II. With
a notion of endurance. A. Lit., 1, to remain
in one place, settle, stuy ; also with the notion of
to be inactive, idle; in villa totos dies, Cic;
Coreyrae, Cic. ; desidens doini, Liv. ; sedit qui
tiniuit, remained at home, Hor. ;" consulibus
sedentibus, Cic. ; prov., compressis nianibu's
sedere, to sit with folded hands, Liv.; 2, esp.,
a, to sit as a siqipliant at the altar of SOME
qod; meliora deos sedet omnia poscens, Verg.-;
b, milit. t. t., to remain encamped, to sit down
before a place, to remain inactive; Arretii ante
moenia, Liv. B. Transf., 1, lit., a, to be firmly
settled; in liquido sederunt ossa cerebro, Ov..;
b, of weapons, to be fixed, be fastened, to stick;
clava sedet in ore viri", Ov. ; 2, fig., a, to remain
fast, unchanged ; pallor in ore sedet, Ov. ; b, of
resolves, to be firmly determined, to remain fixed-;
idque pio sedet Aeneac, Verg.
scdes -is, f. (sedeo), a seat. I. Lit., a stoot,
chair, throne; sedes honoris, sella curulis, Cic.';
sedes ponere, Liv. ; priores sedes tenere, the first
rank, Hor. II. Transf., a, an abode, habita-
tion, place of settlement, home ; sedes fundatw
Veneri, a temple, Verg. ; sceleratorum, the id-
fernal regions, Cic. ; earn sibi doinuni sedesque
deligere, Cic; plur., sedes sanctae peuatium
deorumque, Cic ; his sedibus sese continere,
Cic. ;esp., (a) the grave; sedibus hunc refer aute
suis et conde sepulchre, Verg. ; (j3) the dwelling-
place of the soul, the body ; anima misera de sedo
volens exire, Ov. ; b, of things, place, seat, spot,
base, foundation ; turrim convellimu3 altis sed-
ibus, Verg. ; suis sedibus convulsa Roma, Cic;
montes moliri sede BUS, Liv.
sedile -is, n. (sedeo), a seat ; (a) sing., Verg<;
(/3) plur., sSdilia, a tow of seats or benches in t/ie
theatre or elsewhere, Hor. ; benches for rowers,
Verg. ■ < ■
sedimentum -i, n. (sedeo), o settling, sedi-
ment, Plin. .!•
seditio -Onis, f. (from sed = se, apart, and
itio), a dissension. I. Between individuals, dis-
sension, quarrel; domestica (of brothers), Li \\;
crescit favore turbida seditio, Ov. II. Between
meiiTbers of a political union, esp., citizens and
soldiers, a civil or military revolt, insurrection,
sedition, rising, mutiny. A. 1, lit., militaris,
Liv. ; seditionein ac discordiam concitare, Cic. ;
seditioncm conciro, Liv. ; confiare, Cic ; facerp,
Caes. ; restinguere, Cic. ; person if., ax an at-
tendantof Fama ; Seditio repens, Ov.; 2, nieton/,
the rebels, Liv. B. Transf., rising, tumult. ;
intestina corporis, Liv. ; iracundia dissidens »
ratione seditio quaedam, Cic. ' '
seditiose, adv. with compar. and super],
(seditiosus), seditiously, Cic.
scdltiosus -a -um (seditio). I. seditious,
turbulent; civis, Cic; triumviri seditiostssimi
Cic. II. restless; seditiosa ac tumultuosa vita,
Cic.
sedo, 1. (causat. of sedeo). I. Lit., to
cause to settle; pulverem, Phaedr. II. to settle,
soothe, still, calm, allay, assuage, put an end to,
extinguish .•bullnin, pugliatn, Cic.;incendia, Liv.;
Invidiam, Cic; iiupetum populi, Cic; Irani,
Plin. ; actionem, Cic. ; lites eorum, Cic. :
aed
512
eel
Seduco -duxi -ductum, 3. to take or lead a
I. Lit, a, in order to speak secretly tu a
.i-son ; aliquem, Cic. ; aliquem a debita peste, to
lead aside and so rescue from danger, Cic. ; b, of
tilings, vacuos ocellos, to turn asitle, Prop. ;
Btipitem, to push aside, Ov. ; vina paulum se-
ducta, placed uside, Ov. II. Transf., a, poet.,
to separate, sever; sedueit terras undadvtas, Ov. ;
Beducunt castra, divide into two, Ov. ; b, to ex-
clude ; consilia se<lucta plurium conscientla, Liv.
soductlo -Onls, f. (seduco), a leading or
drawing aside; testimn, Cic.
seductus -a -urn, p. adj. (from sedueo),
remote, distant ; recessus gurgitis, Ov.
SCdfile = sedulo (q.v.).
scdillltas -ittis, f. (sedulus), assiduity, zeal,
application, Cic.
sedulo, adv. (sedulus), a, busily, zealously ;
sedulo argumentaris, Cic; b, purposely, d«-
signedly, Liv.
sedulu? -a -urn (from sedeo, as credulus
from credo), busy, diligent, assiduous, sedulous,
earnest, zealous; homo, Cic; apis, Cic; bra-
chin, Ov.
s5dum -i, n. the plant houseleek, Plin.
Seduni -drum, m. a Helvetian people, near
modern .Hon.
seges -Stis, f. (perhaps from root SEO, Or.
TEK-u, that which is produced. I. the seed in a
field, from its being sown to the crop being reaped;
a, lit., laetaescget.es, Cic; seges farrisestmatura
messi, Liv. ; used of tho vine, Vcrg. ; b, fig.,
advantage; ouae indo seges, Juv. ; 2, transf'.,
a thickly- packed mass or number ; seges clipeata
vlroruin, Ov.; telorum, Verg. II. Meton., asown
field; 1, a, lit., Cic; b, tig., field, soil; quid
odissct Clodlmn Milo segetem ac materlem suae
gloriae? Cic; 2, poet., transf., fruitful plains,
fields ; fert caalam non culta seges, Tib.; ubi
prima paretur atborlbus seges, Cic
Segosta -ae, f. Roman name of the old town
Acesta CAk^ott)), on the north coast of Sicily, near
Mount JCryx, now Castel a mare di Golfo. Hence,
A. SCgestani -drum, in. the inhabitants of
Segesta. B. Segestenses -lam, m. the inha-
bitants of Segesta.
segestre -is, n. (o-rtyaaTpov), a covering,
wrapper of straw matting or skins, Plin.
segmentatus -a -urn (segmentum), orna-
mented with a purple or gold border, bordered ;
cunae, Juv.
segmentum -1, n. (root SEC, whence seco).
1. a piece cut off, cutting, shred; 1, lit., Plin. ;
2, transf., a zone or region of the earth, Plin.
II. Plnr., segmenta, pieces of purple or cloth of
gold sewn on the skirt of women's dresses, gold or
purple border, Ov.
segn6, adv., v. segniter.
sognipes -pCdis (segnls and pes), slow-footed,
Juv.
segnis -e (root SEC, sequor), slow, slothful,
tardy, sluggish, dilatory; a, nbsol., scgniores
castigat, Cacs. ; bellum, sluggishly prosecuted,
Liv.; mors, a lingering death by poison, Liv. ; b,
with ad and ncc, segnior ad respondendum,
Cic; ncc ad citharam segnis nee ad arcuui, Ov. ;
C, with in and tho ace, non in Venerem Begnes,
Verg.; d, with genit., laboruin, Tac. ; e, with
infln., solvere nodum, Hor.
segnitas -Stis, f. (segnis), sluggishness, tardi-
ness, dilatoriness, Cic
segniter and segno (segnis), sluggishly,
slothfully, slowly; a, posit., Liv.; b, conipar.,
segnius, Liv.; esp. with preceding negative,
nihilo segnius, Sail.
segnltia -ae, f. and segnitieS -81. J>
(segnis), sluggishness, slothful ness, slowness, tar.
diness; a, lit., Cic; b, transf., segnitia mans,
calmness, Tac.
Segodunum -i, n. the cldef town of the
Ruteni, on th<i northern border of Gallia Narbo-
nensis, now llodez, Cic
Segontia (Saguntia) and Seeontia -ae.
f. a town in Hispania Baetica, near modern
Slguenza.
Segontlacl -Oram, m. a people in the south
of Britain.
Segovax -actis, m. one of the British chiefs
in Kent at the time of Caesar's invasion.
segrego, 1. (grex). I. to separate from the
flock, segregate; oves, Phaedr. II. Transf., to
separate, sever, remove; aliquem a numcro civiuni,
Cic. ; aliquem a se, Cic. ; virtutem a summo
bono, Cic
Segusiavl (SSgusiani) -drum, m. a people
in Gallia Lugdunensis, in modern Feurs (Dep. de
la Loire).
segutilum -i, n. the external indication of
a gold-mine, Plin.
Sejanus, v. Sejus.
SelfigatUS -a -mil, disjointed, separated;
aninii partem ab actione corporis sejugatam,
Cic
sojfiges -luin, m. (sex and jugum), a chariot
drawn by six horses abreast, Liv.
sejunctim, adv. (sejuuetus), separately, Tib.
sejunctlo -dnis, f. (sejungo), a separation,
severance, Cic.
sejungo -juuxi -junctum, 3. to separate, sever,
disjoin. I. Lit., Alpes Italian! a Gallia sejun-
gunt, Nep. ; se ab atiqno, Cic! II. Transf., 1,
pen., so a libertate verborurh, to refrain from,
Cic ; bonum quod non possit ab honestato se-
jungi, Cic; 2, esp., to distinguish ; liberalilatcih
ac benlgnitntcm ab ambitu atque largitionc, Cic.
Sejus -i, m. a Roman name, the mosc celebrated
bearer of which was Jf. Sejus, a. friend of Alliens
and Cicero. Hence, Sejanus -a -urn, relating
to Sejus; subst., as name, L. Aolius Sejanus,
son of Sejus Strabo, the praefectus praetorii of
Tiberius.
solas, n. (/re\as), a species of fiery meteor, Sen.
selcctio -dnis, f. (seligo), a choosing out,
selection ; st selectio nulla sit ab lis rebus quae,
etc., Cic.
Seleucca (Seleucla) -ae, f. (Se\ev K <aa),
name of several towns. I. S. Babylonia : a town
near the. Tigris, on the canal connecting it with
the Euphrates, built by Seleucus Nicator, now
F.l-Madaien. II. S. Pieria : a town in Syria, not
far from the Orontes, now ruins near Kepse. III.
S. Trachga: a lawn in Cilkia, now Selejkieh.
SeleUGUS -i, in. (SeAeuxos), Nicator, afamons
general of Alexander the Great, king of Syria.
selibra -ae, f. (for semilibra), half a pound,
Liv.
seligo -15gi -lee turn, 3. (se and lego), to choose,
choose out, select. I. Gen., exempla, Cic. II.
Esp., judices selecti, the judges appointed by the
praetor in a criminal case, Cic
Selinus -nuntis, f. (SeAu'oO?). I. a sea-port
in Sicilia, now Selinonto. II. a town in Cilicia,
afterwards tailed Trajanopolis, now Sclenti, Liv.
Hence, adj., Selinusius -a -urn, belonging to
Selinus.
sella -ae, f. (for sedla, from sedeo), a sea.:
stool, settle. I. Gen., in sella sedeie, Cic II.
Esp., 1, a work-stool, a stool or bench on which
handicraftsmen sit; in foro sellam ponere, Cic;
ael
618
eem
S, ihe stool of a teacher, Cic. ; 3, the curule stool,
in full, sella curulis, on which the higher magis-
trates at Rome sat, Cic. ; 4, a throne, Nep. ; 5, a
sedan-chair ; gestatoria, Suet.
sellarius -a -urn (.sella), relating to a seat or
stool; subst, sellaria -ae, f. a room furnished
with seats, a sitting-room, Plin.
sellisternium -li, n. (sella and steruo), a
religious banquet in honour of goddesses, at which
their images were placed on seats and food put
before them, Tac.
sellula -ae, f. (dim. of sella), a little sedan-
chair, Tac.
sellularius -a -um (sellula), of or relating to
a seat; artifex, a handicraftsman who sat at his
work; hence, subst, sellularius -ii, m. a
handicraftsman, Cic.
semel, adv. numer. I. once, a single time ;
semel atque itenun, semel iterumque, once and
again, twice, Cic. ; semel atque iterum ac sae-
pius, Cic. ; plus quam semel, Cic. ; non semel,
Cic. II. Transf., A. the first time, firstly ; foil,
by iterum, deinde, item, etc., Cic. B. once; a,
quoniam semel ita vobis placuit, Cic. ; b, once
(of tilings which cannot be altered); qui semel
verecundiae fines transient, eum bene et navi-
ter oportet esse impudentem, Cic. C. once,
once for all; a, semel exorari soles, Cic; vitam
semel finiient, Liv. ; b, in discourse, once for
all, in a word, briefly ; ut fundus semel indieare-
tur, Cic.
Semela -ae, f. and Semele -5s, f. (2e M «'Ar,),
daughter of Cadmus, mother of Bacchus by Ju-
piter ; she asked Jupiter to appear to her in his
person as a god, and was consumed by the blaze of
his majesty; Semeles puer, Bacchus, Hor.
Hence, Senieleius and Scmcleus -a -um, of
Semele; Someleia proles, Bacchus, Hor.
semen -in is, n. (root SE. whence se-ro, se-vi),
the seed. I. A. Lit., a, of plants, semen maim
spargere, Cic. ; b, (a) of animals, creatae semine
Saturni, Ov. ; (/3) of the elements of water, fire,
stone, etc, Verg., Lucr. B. Meton., the seed;
1, the race ; Itomanum, Cic. ; rcgio semine orta,
Liv. ; 2, descendant, child, offspring ; caelestia
semina, Ov. ; semina Phoebi, Aesculapius, son
of Phoebus, Ov. II. Fig., seed = cause, origin,
author, instigator; sfiips ac semen malorum
omnium, Cic.
sementifer -f5ra -fgrum (sementis and fero),
seed-bearing, fruitful, Verg.
sementis -is, ace. -em and -im, f. (semen),
a sowing. I, a, lit, sementes maximas facers,
Cic. ; prow, ut seinentera feceris, ita metes, Cic. ;
b, fig., nialnruin sementim or proscriptionis
semeutem facere, Cic. II. Meton., sementes,
Hhe young growing com, Ov.
sementivus -a -um (sementi3), of or relating
to seed or seed-time; dies, Ov.
scmento, 1. (sementis), to bear seal, Plin.
semestris (scmenstris) -e (sex and men-
sis), of six months, six-monthly ; a, = six months
old ; infans, Liv.; b, =s limited to six months;
regnum, Liv.; semestri vatum digitos circum-
ligat auro, the ring of the tribunes of the soldiers
worn for six months, Juv.
semesus -a -um (semi ami esus), half eaten,
half-consumed; pracda, ossa, Verg.
semiadaper tus -a -um (semi and adaperio),
half-open, Ov.
semiambustus -a -um (semi and amburo),
half-burnt, Suet.
semianimis -e and serruanimus -a -um
(semi and aninia), half-alive, half-dead; corpora
eemiannna, Liv.
17
semiapertus -a -um (semi and aperio), half'
open; portarum fores, Liv.
semibarbarus-a-uni,se)/ii-6arbaroiw,Suet.
semibos -bovis, m. half-ox; vir, the Mino-
taur, Ov.
senricaper -pri, m. ludf-goat, Ov.
semicinctium -Ii, n. (semi and cinctus), a
narrow girdle or apron, Mart.
semicirciilus -i, m. a semicircle, Col.
semicoctus -a -um (semi and coquo), half-
cooked, Plin.
semicrematus -a -um (send and cremo),
luilj'-burnt, Ov.
semioremus (semi and cremo), half-burnt,
semlfcrudus -a -um, half-raw, Suet.
semicubitalis -e, half a cubit in length,
Liv.
semideus -a -um, half-dhnne; subst., a
demigod, demigoddess; semideum genus, the
Nereids, Ov.
semidoctus -a -um (semi and doceo), half-
taught, half-learned; haecut apud doctosetsemi-
doctos ipse percuiTO, Cic.
semicrmis (semermis) -e and semi-
ermus (semermus) -a -um (semi and anna),
half armed, half-equipped, Liv.
semiesus = semesus (q.v.).
SCmifactUS -a -um (semi and facio), half-
done, half-finished, Tac.
semifer -fera -fenim (semi and ferus), half-
aninud, half-bestial, half-man and half-animal.
I. Lit., pectus Tritouis, Verg. ; subst, of the
Centaurs, Ov. II, Transf., half-wild, half-
savage. Subst., semifer -fen, in. half a savage,
Verg.
semifultus -a -um (semi and fulcio)), half-
propped, Mart.
semigermanus -a -um, half-German, Liv.
semfgraeeus -a -um, half-Greek, Suet
semigravis -e, half-intoxicated, Liv.
semigro, 1. to go away, depart, remove from ;
a patre. Cic.
semihlans -antis (semi and hio), ludf-open ;
labellum, Cat.
semihomo -hOminis, in. half a man. I.
half a man and half an animal; Centauri, Ov.
II. Transf., half-wild; Cacus, Verg.
semihora -ae, f. half an hour, Cic,.
semilacer -cera -cerum, half-torn, half-
mangled, Cic.
semilautus -a -um, half-washed, Cat.
semiliber -bera -bSrum, half-free, Cic.
semilixa -ae, in. half a sutler, used as a
tenn of reproach, Liv.
semimarinus -a -um, half-marine, half »»
the sea; corpora (Scyllaruui), Lucr.
semimas -maris, m. I. half-male, herm-
aphrodite, Liv. II. castrated; oves, Ov.
semimortiius -a -um, half-dead, Cat.
semlnarlus -a -um (semen), of or relating
to seed; subst., semlnarium -Ii, n. a planta-
tion, nursery; fig., equites seminarium scnatus,
Liv. ; Catilinarum, Cic. ; triumphorum, Cic.
seminator -oris, m. (semino), a producer,
begetter, author; qui est verus omnium semin-
ator malorum, Cic.
semmex -necis, half-dead, Liv.
seminium -Ii, n. (semen), a race or breed qf
animals, Lucr.
seni
514
SGil
Semino, 1. (semen). I. to sow, Col. II. to
beget, produce, Plant. ; of plants, viscum, quod
non 9un seminat arbos, Verg.
Bemlnfidris i in", half-naked, Liv.; pedes
propc seminudua, nearly defenceless, without
arms, Liv.
semipaganUs -i, m. half a rustic, Peru.
semipedalis -?, half a foot in dimension,
Plin.
scmipedancus = semipedalis (q. v.).
Bcmipcrfectus -a -inn (ecini and perficio),
half-finished, Suet.
semipes -pedis, m. a half-foot, riin.
Semiplenus -a -um, half-full; naves, half-
manned, Cic. ; stationes, Liv.
semiputatus -a -um (semi and puto), half-
pruned ; vitis, Verg.
Semlramls (Samiramis, Samiramis)
-mldis and -initios, f. (2e/ii'pajui9), v:ife ami suc-
cessor of Ninus, Icing of Assyria.
semirasus -a -um (semi and rado), half-
shaven, half-shorn, Cat.
semireductus -a -um (semi and reduce),
half bent bock, Ov.
semircfectus -a -um (semi and reficio),
half-repaired, Ov.
semirutus -a -um (seir.i and ruo), half-
ruined, half pulled down, half-destroyed ; urbs,
Liv. ; castclla, Tac ; plur. subst, semiruta
oruin, n. half-demolished places, Liv.
semis -issis, m. and sometimes indeol,
(semis, half ami as), the "half of anything ; esp.,
I, half an as, Cic. ; 2, as a rate of interest, =
6 per cent, per annum ; semissibus magna eopia,
etc., there is plenty of money to be had at 6 per
cent., Cic. ; 3, as a measure of land, half a jwger,
Liv.
semisepultus -a -um (semi and sepelio),
half-buried, Ov.
semisoranus -a -um, hay-asleep, drowsy,
Cic.
semisiipinus -a -um, half-inclined back-
wards, Ov.
semita -ae, f. a narrow path, footpath, foot-
way. I. Lit., angustissiniac semitae, Cic. ;
omnibus viis semitisque cssedarios ex silvis
emittebat, Cic. II. Pig., Aesopi semita feci
viam, J have amplified the materials in Aesop,
Pbacdr. ; pecuniam, quae via visa est exire ab
isto, eandem semita revertissc, Cic.
SomitactUS -a -um (semi and tango), half-
touched, Mart.
semitarlus -a -um (semita), frequenting
lanes or by-patlis, Cat.
semitecttis -a -um (semi and tego), half-
covered, Sen.
scmiustiilatus = semustulatus (q.v.).
semiustus (scmustus) -a -um (semi and
uro), half-hurnt. ; Enceladi semnstum fulmiuc
corpus, Verg. ; in flg., se populare incendium
priore consnlatu semiust.um effugiuse, Liv.
semivir -vlri, m. half-man. I. Lit, 1, half-
man, half-animal; Chiron, the centaur, Ov. ;
bos, the Minotaur, Ov. ; 2, a hermaphrodite, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, castrated, gelded, Juv. ; 2, effemi-
nate, unmanly, Verg.
SemiviVUS -a -um, half-dead, almost dead.
I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., voces, faint, Cic.
semfvdcalis -e, hntf-sounding ; in grammar,
subst., semlvocales -lum, f.' (sc. litterae),
semivowels, Quint.
ScmnSnes -um, m. a German people between
the Elbe and tic V.'eichsel Tac.
semodius -it, m. (semi and luodills), a lutif-
modius, Mart.
scmotus -a -um, p. adj. (from semoveo), re-
mote, distant. I. Lit., locus a militibus scmotus,
Caes. ; neut. plur. subst, quae terris semota
ridet, Hor. II. Transf., a, far from, semotus a
curis, Lucr. ; b, distinct from, different from,
Lucr. ; c, confidential ; arcana semofae dictionis,
Tac.
semoveo -movi -motnm, 2. to mare away,
smr { separate. I. Lit, qui voce praeconis a
liberis semovebantur, Cic. II. Transf., to lay
aside, exclude; voluptatem, Cic.; Strato ab ea
disciplina oranino semovendus est, is not to be
reckoned under that school, Uic.
semper, adv. (seni (= semel) and per, as nu
(= novi) and per), always, at all times, Cic; with
subst., used almost as an adj., heri semper
lenitas, the constant mildness, Ter. ; Ilasdrudal
pacis semper auctor, Liv.
sempiternus -a -van (semper), continual,
perpetual, everlasting ; tempus, Cic. ; ignes
Vestae, Cic; adv., sempiternum, for ever,
Plant.
Sempronins -a -um, name of a gens at Rome,
the mast famous members of which were the brothers
Tib. Sempronins Gracchus, and C. Sempronins
Gracchus, tribunes of the. people, who introduced
agrarian laws and other reforms, but were both
killed in riots provoked by the senatorial party.
Adj^, Sempronian ; lex, Cic Hence, Sem-
pronianUS -a -um, relating to Sempronins ;
senatus eonsultum, proposed by C. Sempronins
llufus, Cic. ; clades, the defeat of the consul, C.
Sempronins Atratiaus.
semuncia -ae, f. (semi and uncia), half an
vncia, fa of an as; 1, as a weight = A of a
pound, Cic. ; 2, to express the share of an in-
heritance ; facit heredem ex deunce et semuncia
Caecinam, Cic.
semunciarius -a -um (semuncia), relating
to half an ounce; fenns, -^ per cent, monthly,
i.e., one-hedf per cent, per annum, Liv.
semustulatus (semiustiilatus) and
semustilatus (semiustilatus) -a -um
(semi and ustulo, ustilo), half-burnt, Cic.
Sena -ae, f. a town in Umbria on the Adriatic
S"a, where Livius Salinator defeated Hasdrubal,
now Senigaglia. Hence, Sinensis -e, relating
to Sena; proelium, Cic.
scnaculum -i, n. (senatus), a senate-house, .
hall of council, Liv.
senariolus -i, m. (dim. of senarius), a little
trilling senarius, Cic.
senarius -a -um (seni), composed of six;
senarius versus and subst. senarius -ii, m. a
verse of six feet (generally iambic), Cic.
senator -5ri.s, m. (senex), a member of the
Roman senate, senator, Cic; transf., of the
governing or deliberative bodies of oilier states ;
of the Nervii, Caes. ; of the Rhodians, Cic; of
the Macedonians, Liv.
senatorius -a -um (senator), of or relating
to a senator, senatorial ; ordo, the rank of senator,
Cic. ; consilium, the panel of senators from which
judges were chosen, Cic.
Senatus -i and -us, m. I. the Roman senate,
Cic. ; prineeps senatus, the senator whose name
stood at the head of the censor's list, Liv. ; in
senatum venire, to become a senator, Cic. ; senatu
movere, to expel from the senate, Cic. ; senatum
legerc, to call over the senate, Liv.; so senatum
recitare, Cic. ; senatnm voearo, Liv. ; convoeare,
Cic; senatus (senati) eonsultum, a formal reso-
lution of the senate. Cic: u«ed also of similar
sen
615
Soil
bodies in other nations, Carthaginiensis, Liv. ;
Aeduos omnem senatnm amisisse, Caea. II.
Metem., a meeting, assembly of the senate ; senatnm
habere, dimittere, Cie. ; frequens, a full house,
Cie. ; datur alicui senatus, Mains znaudiewx
of the senate, Cie.
srjnatusconsuicum, v. senatus.
Seneca -ae, m. a family name of the Annaean
gens, the most celebrated members of which were:
1, M. Annaeus Seneca, a rhetorician of Corduba
in Spain; 2, L. Annaeus Seneca, son of the
foregoing, a celebrated philosopher, author of many
works in prose and verse (tragedies and epi-
grams), the tutor of Nero, who compelled him to
commit suicide.
senccta, v. 1. senectus.
1. senectus -a-utn (senex), old, aged. I.
Adj., aetas, old age, Sail. II. Subst,, senccta
-ae, f. old age. A. Lit,, Liv. ; of animals, Verg.,
Ov. B. the slough of a serpent, Plin.
2. senectus -ntis, f. (senex), age, old age.
1. A. Lit., vivere ad snmmain senectutem, Cie;
of animals, Verg. ; in fig., of discourse, plena
litteratae senectutis oratio, Cie. B. Me ton., 1,
gloom, moroseness, Hor. ; 2, concr., a, grey hair,
Verg. ; b, old age = the old men ; senectus
semper agens aliquid, Cie; c, the slough of a
serpent, Plin. II. Transf., of a thing, old age,
age; vini, Jut. ; cariosa (tabellarum), Ov.
seneo, 2. (senex), to be old, Cat.
senesco, sentti, 3. (seneo). I. to grow old in
years, become old ; tacitis senesciinus annis, Ov.
II. to grow old in strength. A. 1, of living
beings, to lose strength, become tceak, waste away ;
Beuesccns eqims, Hor, ; otio tarn dintino, Liv. ;
2, of tilings, to become old, to decay; arbor hiem-
ali tempore cum luna siniul senescens, Cie.
B. Tiansf., a, to wane, come to an end, flag, be
relaxed ; luna senescens, Cie. ; hiems senescens,
Cie. ; of abstractions, senescit laus, morbus, Cie. ;
b, of polit. power, to wane, fade, lose power ;
rope senesconte Graecia, Cie. ; senescit Hanni-
alis vis, Liv.
senex, senis, eompar., senior, neut. genius,
genit, senioris, old, aged. I. Adj., a, of persons,
niiles, Ov. ; sennm tied, to age, Cie. ; of animals,
cervus, Ov. ; of things, vis est senior quam, etc.,
Cie; b, fig., ripe; senior, ut ita dicam, quam
ilia aetas fercbat, oratio, Cie. II. Subst,, a, in.
an old. man, a man over si.ity, while senior = n
man between forty-five and sixty (for which Ilor.
and Liv. sometimes use senex), Cie. ; b, f. an
old woman, Tib.
seni -ae -a (sex). I. six each, Cie II. six,
Ov.
senilis -e (senex), of ov relating loan old man,
senile ; prudentia, Cie. ; stultitia, Cie; statua
ineurva, Cie ; animus, Liv. ; amor, Ov.
semliter, adv. (senilis), like an old man,
Quint.
senio -Sills, m. (seni), the number six upon
dice, Mart.
senior, eompar. of senex (q.v.).
senium -ii, n. (senex), old age, the weakness,
decay of old age. I. A. Lit,, omni morbo senio-
qne carere, Cie B. Transf., decline, decay;
lentae velut tabis, Liv. ; mundus se ipse con-
sumptione et senio alebat sui, Cie II. Mcton.,
A. Abstr., 1, gloom, moroseness, Hor. ; 2,
chagrin, vexation, sadness; tota tivitas confecta
senio, Cie B. Concr., an old man; with m.
pron., ilium senium, Ter.
Scnones -um, m. I. a people in Gallia
Lugdunensis, with chief town Agendicum. now
Sens. II. a kindred people in northern Itdly.
E
sensibilis -e (sentio), that can be pei'ceivsil
by the senses, Suet.
sensiculus -i, m. (dim. of sensus), a littlt
sentence, Quint.
sensifer -ISra -ferum (sensus and fero), pro-
ducing sensation, Lucr.
sensilis -e (sentio), endowed with sensation,
Lucr.
sensim, adv. (root SENS, whence sentio,
sensi, sensus), scarcely observably, gradually, by
degrees, slowly; sensiin sine sensu, Cie; amicitias
sensim dissuere, Cie
sensus -us, m. (sentio). I. perception, observa*
Hon ; utere igitur argumento tute ipse sensus tui,
Cie II. thepower of perceiving. A. Physically,
a, feeling, consciousness ; sensus moriendi, Cie ;
voluptat'is sensum capere, Cie; b, a sense;
sensus videndi, audiendi, Cie ; c, feeling, con-
sciousness, in plur., senses; a mero redeunt in
pectora sensus, Ov. B. Morally, a, emotion,
sense, feeling; amoris, amandi, diligendi, Cie;
b, a manner of thinking, the sense, signification
of a word, sentence, discourse, meaning ; verbi,
Ov. ; testamenti, Hor.
sententia -ae, f. (sentio). I. an opinion,
thought, sentiment, meaning, purpose (opp. to
expression). A. Gen., abnudans sententiis, rich
in ideas, Cie ; sententiam f route tegere, Cie ;
in sententia manero, Cie ; ex sententia, to one's
mind, Cie ; nica sententia, in my opinion, Cie.
B. Esp., a, on cxpresseii opinion, vote of senators ;
sententiam dicere, ferre, Cie ; dare, Liv. ; in
sententiam alicuius discedcre, to support a pro;
position, Liv. ; so (pedibus) ire in sententiam,
Liv.; of judges, decision, judgment ; sententiam
dicere, Cie ; sententiam ferre, Cie ; b, as for-
mula for an oath, ex animi mci sententia jurare,
to the best of my knowledge and belief, Cie IL
Transf., A. Abstr., a, the meaning, significa-
tion of a word or sentence ; id habet banc senten-
tiam, Cie ; b, the purport of a speech ; contionis,
Cie B. Concr., a, a thought exjyressed in words, ■
a sentence; b, esp., a maxim, aphorism; acuta,
Cie
scntentiola -ae, f. (dim. of sententia), a
short sentence, maxUa-Mphorisin-, Cie
sententiose, adv. (sententiosus), senten-
Uously; dicere, Cie
sententiosus -a -um (sententia), pithy, sen-
tentious, Cie
senticetum -i, n. (sentis), a thorn-bufr,
Plant.
scntina -ae, f. bilge-water in the hold of a
ship. I. Lit., scntinae vitiis conflictari, Caes.
II. Fig., 1, gen., sedebamus inpuppi et clavum
tenebamus; nunc autemvix est in scntina locus,
ire can scarcely find room in the lowest part of the
ship, i.e., we are of next to no importance, Cie;
2, esp., the lowest of the people, rabble, dregs of
the £>opidarJon.;reipublicac, Cie; urbis, Cie.
Sentinum -i, n. a town in Umbria. Hence,
adj., Sentinas -atis, belonging to Sentinum.
sentio, sensi, sensum, 4. to feel, perceive,
have a sensation of. I. With the outward sense,
A. Gen., snavitatem cibi, Cie ; dolorem, Lucr.;
colorem, to see, Lucr.; pass., posse prins ad
angustias veniri quam sentirentur, Caes. ; with
nom. of partie, sensit medios delapsus inhostes,
Verg. B. to feel, experience, learn ; (a) of persons,
quod ipse sensisset ad Avaricum, Caes. ; (/3) i of
things, ora senserat vastationein, Liv. II.
Mentally, to feel. A. Lit, to perceive, remark,
observe, notice; plus sentiro, have more insight,
Caes. ; quod quidem senseriin, as far as I have ob-
served, Cie ; with ace and infin., scntit animus se
moveri, Cie ; with rel. sent., quod Bentio, quam
sit exignum, Cie ; nqe aliter s»,ntire, foil, by
sen
516
sep
quin and the subj., to be convinced that, Caes. ;
ex noctumo fremiti! de profectione eorum sen-
Berunt, observed their departure, Caes.; inipers.,
non ut dictum est in eo genere intelligitur, sed
ut seiisiun est, Cic. B. Transf., to judge, think ;
a, idem, Cic. ; recte, Cic. ; hnmiliter, Cic. ; cum
aliquo, Cic. ; with double ace, to consider or
think a person something ; aliquem botmui civem,
Cic; partic. subst., sensa -orum, n. thoughts;
mentis, Cic. ; b, legal t. t., to give one's opinion,
to rote; sentire lcnissime, Cic.
sontis -is, c. a thorn-bush, briar; usually
plur., rubi sentesque, Caes.
sentisco, 3. (inchoat. of scntio), to perceive,
observe, Lucr.
sentus -a -uni (sentis), thorny, rough; loca,
Verg.
senus -a -nm, sing, of seni (q.v.).
seorsum (seorsiis) an I sevorsus(from se
and vorto or verto), especially, particularly ; om-
nibus gratiam habeo et seorsum tibi, Ter. ; foil,
by ab, apart from, seyiarutcly from ; seorsum ab
rege exercitum ductare, Sail. ; abs te seorsum
seutio, lam of a different opinion, Plant.; with
abl. alone, seorsus corpore, without a body, Lucr.
separate, adv. only in compar. (separatus),
opart, particularly, Cic.
separatim, adv. (separatus), ajxirt, separ-
ately, distinctly, differently; separatim s'emel,
iterum cum universis, Cic. ; nihil accidet ei
separatim a reliquis civibus, Cic. ; castra separ-
atim habebant, Liv.; with ab and the abl., dii
separatim ab universis singulos diligunt, Cic.
separatio -6nis, f. (separo), separation,
severance. J, Lit., distribute partium ac separ-
atio, Cic. II. Transf., sui facti ab ilia defin-
itione, Cic.
separatus -a -um, p. adj. (from separo),
separated, severed, sundered, separate, ajtart,
distinct; volumen, Cic; exordium, Cic; separ-
ates temporibus, at different times, Xep.
separo, 1. to disjoin, sever, separate. I. Lit.,
(o) aliquem or aliquid ab, etc.. Cic. ; (ft) aliquid
aliqua re ; Seston Abydena separat urbe fretum,
Ov; (y) aliquid ex aliqua re or in aliquid, equitum
jnagno nnmero ex omni pop'uli suninia separate),
Cic. ; (A) with ace alone, nee nos mare separat
jngens, Ov. II. Fig., to separate, treat separ-
ately; (a) with ab and the abl., a perpetuis
suis historiis bella ea, Cic ; (/?) with ace. alone,
ntilitatem, Cic.
sepclibilis -e (sepelio), tlu.it can be buried;
fig., that can be concealed, Plant.
sepelio -p81ivl and -p51Ii -pultnm, 4. (root
SEP, connected with sop-or, sop-io), tolay to rest
the remains of the dead, to bury. I. Lit., a, to
bury ; ossa, Ov. ; b, to burn, Liv. II. Fig., 1,
to bury, put an end to, ruin, destroy; patriam,
Cic; tlolorem, Cic; 2, poet, partic, sepuK is,
buried, sunk, immersed in anything; Bomno
vinoqtie sepultus, Verg. ; inertia sepulta, Ilor.
sepes — saepes (q.v.).
sepia -ae, f. (o-nma), the cuttle-fish, Cic.
seplmentum = saeplmentum (q.v.).
eeplo = saepio (q.v.).
sepidla -ae, f. (dim. of sepia), a small cuttle-
fish, Plaut.
Seplasia -ae, f. a street in Capua, where un-
guents were sold.
sepono -p5siii -pSsItum, 3. to put, lay on one
side, plate ajmrt. I. Gen., A. Lit., aliquid ad
fanum, Cic; captivam pecunlam In aediflca-
tlonem tempi!, Liv. ; ptimltia3 magno Jovi, Ov.
8. Transf., to keep bock, reserve ; ut alius aliain
»ibl partem, in qua elaboraret, scponeret, Cic
II. Esp., A. to separate. ; 1, lit., de rfii'lle SagittlS
unam, to select, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, to separate,
divide ; a ceteris dictionibus ram partem dicendi,
Cic. ; b , to distinguish. ; inurbanum lepido dicto,
Hor. B. to ja.51 far off; 1, lit., a, inteics.se
pujjnne imperatorerp an seponi melius foret
dubitavere, Tac. ; b, io remove out of the way,
banish; aliquem in insulam, Tac; 2, transf.,
graves curas, to banish, Ov.
sepositus -a -um, p. adj. (from sepono). I.
distant, remote; fons, Prop. II. choice, select;
vestis, Tib.
1. seps, sepis, c (aiH f )- I. a species of venom-
ous lizard, Plin. II. an insect, perhaps the icvod-
louse, Plin.
2. seps = saepes (q.v.).
sepse = se ipse.
septa, v. saeptum.
septcm, numer. (e-ma), seven. I. Gen., Cic.
II. Esp., A. septem (oi enra), the Seven Wise
Men of Greece, Cic B. Septem Aquae, the meet-
ing of streams near Jieate, now Lake Sta. Susan 11a.
September -bria -bre, abl. -bri (septcm and
suffix -ber), belonging to September; a, inensis
September, the seventh mouth of the Roman
year (reckoning from March), September ; b,
kalendae, nonae, tdus (the 1st, bth, 13th of Sept-
ember); home, the unhealthy time of September,
Hor.
septemdecim, numer. seventeen, Cic.
septemfluus -a -um (tluo), having a seven-
fold flood, with seven mouths ; Nilus, Ov.
septemgemlnus -a -uin, sevenfold, with
seven mouths ; Nilus, Verg.
septempodalis -c, seven feet high, Plaut.
Beptemplex-pllcis (septem and plieo), scren-
fold ; clipens, with seven layers of hides, Verg.;
Nilus, irith seven mouths, Verg. ; so Ister, Ov.
septemtrio (septemptrio, septcn-
trio) -onls, m., gen. plur., septemtriones, the
seven plough-oxen. I. As a constellation, tin
Great Bear, the Wain ; septemtrio minor, the Little
Dear, Cic II. Meton., a, the. north; (a) sing.,
septemtrio a Macedonia obicitur, Liv.; in tmesis,
septem subjecta trioni, Verg. ; (ft) plur., in-
flectens sol eursum turn ad meridiem, turn ad
septemtriones, Cic ; b, the north wind, Cic
septemtrionalis -e (septemtrio), northern ;
subst., septemtrionalia -ium, m. the north-
ern region. , Tac.
septemvir -viri, in., plur., septemvirl
-orum and -um, m. the seven men, a college or
guild of seven persons. I. Of the Epulones, v.
epulo. II. to divide public land among colonists,
Cic.
septemviralis -e, of or relating to the sept-
emviri ; auctoritas, Cic; subst., septemvir-
ales -ium, m. = septemviri (q.v.). >
septemviratus -us, m. the office or dignity
of a septemvir, Cic.
scptcnarius -a -um (septeni), containing
the number seven ; numerus, Plin.; plur. subst.,
septonarii, m. (sc. versus), verses containing
seven feet, Cic.
septendceim = septemdecim (q.v.).
septeni -ae -a (septem). I. seven each : due
fana septenoR habere libros, Liv. ; genit. plur..
septenum, e.g., pueri annorum senuin sei>te-
ndmque denum, Liv. II. seven; septena tils
lyrae, Ov. ; sing., Lucr.
soptcntrio = septemtrio (q.v.).
septcntrionalis = septemtrionalia (q.v.).
septicUS -a -um (enjTmjcds), causing putrt
faction, Plin.
sep
517
Ser
septies (septiens), adv. (septem), seven
times; septiens milliens sestertium or simply
septiens milliens, 70U millions of sesterces, Cic.
septimanus (septumanus) *a -ura, re-
laling to the number seven. I. Adj., nonne,
falling on the seventh day of the month, Van - . II.
Subst., septimani -orum, m. soldiers of the
seventh legion, Tae.
Septimontialis -e, of or relating to the
festival SeptimoiUium, Suet.
Septimontium -li, n. (septem and mons).
I. the circuit of seven small hills round the Pala-
tine, which became the germ of the city of Rome.
II. a festival at Hume in December to celebrate the
ualling-in of these small hills and the formation of
a city.
Septimus (septiimus) -a -um (septem),
the seventh ; adr., septimum, for the seventh
time, Cic.'
se ptingenarius -a -uin (septingeni), con-
taining seven hundred, Varr.
septingeni -ae -a (septingeuti), seven hun-
dred each, Plin.
septingentesimus -a -um (septingeuti),
tlie seven hundredth, Liy.
septingenti -ae -a (septem and centum),
seven, hundred, Liv.
septingenties, adv. (septingeuti), seven
hundred times, Plin.
Scptizonium -li, n. (septem and zona), o
lofty building in Rome, Suet.
septiiageni -ae -a (septuaginta), seventy
cadi, Plin.
scptiiagesimus -a -um (septuaginta), the
seventieth, Cic.
septuagies.adv. (septuaginta), seventy times,
Col.
septuaginta, numer. (e/Wo/uiJKon-a), seventy,
Cic
septuennis -e (septem and annus), of seven
years, seven years old ; puer, Plaut.
septum = saeptum (q.v.)
scptunx -uncis, in. (septem and uncia),
seven.-twelftlis of the as, or of any unity with
twelve parts; jugeri, Liv.; auri, seven ounces,
Liv.
sepulch .' . . v. scpulc . . .
sepulcralis(sepulchralis)-e (sepulcrum,
sepulrhrum), of or belonging to a tomb, sepul-
chral ; araa, Ov. ; fax, funeral torch, Ov.
sepulcretum -i, n. a burial-place, cemetery,
Cat. "■ .;
sepulcrum (sepulchrum) -i, n. (from
se.pe.lio, as fulcrum from fuleio), the resting-place.
I. A. Lit., a place of burial; 1, a, ft grave, sep-
ulchre ; monumenta sepulcrorum, Cic. ; b. the
mound over a grave ; onerare membra sepulcro,
Verg. ; 2, the place where a corpse is burnt ; ara
sepulcri, Verg. B. Transf., sepulcrum vetus,
of an old man, Plaut, II. Meton. A. the tomb,
including grave, monument, and inscription ;
sepulcrum facere, Cic. ; legere sepulcra, to read
tlvc epitaph on a grave-stone, Cic. E. the dead
person ; placatis sepulcris, Ov.
sepultura -ae, f. (sepelio), the laying the
body of a dead person to rest; a, ft burying,
burial, interment, sepulture ;-sepu\tara, aliquem
allicere, to bury, Cic. ; b, the burning of the body
of the dead, Tac.
Sequana -ae, m. a river of Gaul, forming,
with the Matrona, the bountlary between the Celts
and the Bdgae, now the Seine.
Sequani -orum, m. a Gallic people in modern
Burgundy and i"mnc]\e-Comti,
scquax -iieis (sequor). I. following easily
or quickly; equus, Ov. ; undae, following each
other rapidly, Verg. ; hederae, quicldy spreading
itself, Pers. ; funius, penetrating, Verg. ; Latio
(= Latiuis) dant terga sequaci. punning, Verg.
II. Transf., easily worked, pliable, ductile; ma-
teria sequacior, Plin.
sequester -tra -tram and sequester -tris
-tro(lVonw;.secus,asiiiagisterfrommagis),?)i€diaJ-
ing. I. Adj., pace sequestra, by the medium of
peace, Verg. II. Subst., A. sequester -fed or
-tris, in. a, a go-between or ugent (in cases of
bribery); quo sequestre in illo judice comim-
peudo dicebntur esse usus, Cic. ; b, a stake-
holder, depositary, a person in whose hands the
matter in dispute is deposited till the dispute is
settled, Plaut. B. sequestrum -i, n. and
sequestre ■'.: n. the dejiosit of the matter in
dispute in the hands of a third person ; sequestro
deponere, by way of deposit, Pliiut.
sequiUS = se.cius, compar. of secus (q.v.).
sequor, stSeutus (sequutus) sum, sequi, 3.
dop. (root SEC, connected with 'Ell-ofiai), to
follow, accompany. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of
persons, qui ex tube amicitiae causa Caesarem
secuti, Caes. ; vestigia alicuius, Ov. ; b, of things,
zonabenetesecuta.IIor.; 2,esp., a,to folloxuwith
hostile intent, pursue; hnstes, Caes.; feras, Ov. ; b,
to follow a person to a place ; Fonnias, Cic. ; secutao
sunt oares vicinitatem oris, have sought for, Cic.
B. Transf., a, of time or order, to follow, ensue;
sequitur hunc annum nobilis clade Caudina pax,
Liv. ; sequent! anno, Liv. ; sequent! die, Liv. ;
et quae sequentia, and so on, Cic. ; b, to fall to
any one as an inheritance or possess ion, to fall to
the share of; urbes captae Aetolus sequerentur,
Liv.; heredes inotiumentum ne scqucretur, Hor.;
C, to follow, i.e., to yield, to give way; ipse
(ramus) lUcilis sequetur, Verg. II. Fig., A.
Gen., to follow, follow after ; gloria virtutem tam-
quam umbra sequitur, Cic. ; edictuin, the words
of the edict, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to follow a person's
authority, example, opinion, to tread in the steps
of, to agree to ; leges, Cic. ; amicum, Cic. ; liberi
sequuntur patrem, follow the rank of their
father, Liv.; 2, to strive after, aim at, seek to
gain; amicitiain fidemque populi Romani, Cic;
3, to follow in discourse, ensue; sequitur ilia
divisio, Cic. ; sequitur ut doceam, Cic. ; 4, to
follow as a consequence, be the consequence of, be
caused iiy; moneo ne summa turpitudo sequatur,
Cic. ; poena quae illud scclus sequeretur, Cic. ;
esp., to follow logically, be the logiad consequence
of, gen. with ut and the subj. ; si hoc enuntiatum
vcrum non est, sequitur, ut falsum sit, Cic. ; 5,
to follow easily, come of itself; nou queasitutn
esse numerum, sed secutum, Caes.
sera -ae, f. (root SER, whence 2. sero,
series), a moveable bar or bolt for fastening doors ;
centum postibus addere seras, Ov.
Serapis (Sarapis) -pis and -pidis, m..
(Sepan-ts, Sapa7rts), a deity of the Egyptians, in
later times worshipped at Greece and at Rome.
screnitas -atis, f. (sercnus), clearness, seren-
ity, esp., clear, bright, fair weather. I. Lit.,
caeli, Cic. II. Fig., fortunae, Liv.
sereno, 1. (serenus). I. to make clear, serene,
bright; caelum, Verg. II. Fig., spem fronte,
Verg. _
serenus -a -um, clear, bright, fair, serene.
I. A. Lit., caelum, 1 Cic; nox, Verg.; pelagus,
Verg. ; subst., serenum -i, n. fair weather,
Plin. ; aperta serena, Verg. B. Transf., 1,
clear; aqua, Mart.; vox, Pers.; 2, act., making
bright, bringing fair weather ; Favonitis, Plaut.
II. Fig., cheerful, tranquil, serene; frons, Cic.
Sfres -uin, m. (S^pes), a people in eastern
ser
518
ser
Asia, fatuous jor their silken stufs, the Chinese ;
hence, adj., Serious -a -uin, Chinese; pulvillus,
silken, Hor. Snbst., Serica -orum, n. silken
garments, Prop.
1. seresco, 3. (serenus), to become dry, Lucr.
■ 2. seresco, 3. (serum), to turn to when,
Plin.
Sergius -a -nin, name of a Roman gens, the
viost celebrated member of which W'.ts L. Sergius
Catilina, the head of a conspiracy suppressed in
the consulship of Cicero.
1. seria -ae, f. rt large earthen jar for holding
wine and oil, Liv.
2. seria, v. 1, serius.
serlcatus -a -urn (Seres), clothed in silken
garments, Suet.
Serious, v. Seres.
series, ace. -em, abl. -e, genit. and dat. not
found, f. (root SER, whence 2. sero), a row,
succession, chain, series. I. Gen., A. Lit., juven-
um, dancing hand in hand, Tib. B. -l'ig. , a
succession, series ; rerum, Cic; innumerabilis an-
norum, Hor. II. Esp., a line of descent, lineage ;
digne vir hac serie, Ov.
Berit\ v. l. serius.
Seriola -ae, f. (dim. of seria), a small jar,
Pers.
Seriphus (-os) -i, f. (2e'pt0o?), an island in
the Aegean Sea, now Serfo or Serfanto. Adj.,
Scriphius -a -um, Seriphian; subst., Seri-
phius -ii, m. a Seriphian.
serls -idis, f. (o-f'pis), a species of endive, Plin.
1. serius -a -um, serious, earnest (used gen.
only of things, not of persons) ; res, Cic. ; with
2. supine, verba seria dictu, Hor. Subst.,
serium -li, n. earnestness, seriousness, Plant. ;
hence, abl. serio, in earnest, earnestly, serwnisly ;
serio audire, Liv.; plur., seria, serious tilings;
seria ac joeos eclebrare, Liv. ; quam joca, seiia,
ut dicitur (sc. agimus or aguutur), Cic.
2. serius, adv., v. sero under serus.
sermo -onis, m. (2. sero), talk, conversatio >,
discourse. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, sennonem con-
ferre cum aliquo, Cic; esse in sermone omnium,
the subject of every one's conversation, Cic; jucun-
dus mihi est sermo litterarum tuaruin, Cic. ; 2,
meton., the subject of conversation ; Cataplns ille
Puteolanus, sermo illius teinporis, Cic. B.
Esp.,1, learned conversation, discussion, dialogue;
sermonein cum aliquo habere de amicitia, Cic. ;
2, in writing or speaking, a familiar, conversa-
tional style; sennonis plenus orator, Cic; scriuere
senuoni propiora, Hor.; hence, meton., a, in
Horace, his Letters and Satires ns opposed to his
more ambitious poems; b, spoken words, utter-
ance; multi et illustres ct ex supcriore et ex
aequo loco sermonefi liabiti, utterances on the
bench an/l in ordinary conversation, Cic; 3, the
talk of the multitude about something, common
talk, report, rumour; vulgi, hominuin, Cic II.
Transf., 1, manner of speaking, language, style,
expression, diction ; sermo rusticus, urbauus,
Liv.; plebeius, Cic; sermonis error, Cic; 2,
language, dialect; scrmone debemus uti, qui
natus est nobis, our motlier-tongue, Cic. ; quae
philosophi Graecn sermone tractavissent, in the
Greek language, Cic.
sermocinatio -onis, f. (sermocinor), a dis-
cussion, disputation, dialogue, Quint.
sermooinatrix -icis, f. (sermocinor), the
art of conversation, Quint.
sermocinor, 1. dep. (sermo), to converse,
talk, dic-.uss with any one. I. Gen., sennocinari
cum isto diiigenter, Cic. II. Esp., to hold >>
learned discourse or disrvsdon. Suet.
sermuuculus -i, m. (dim. of sermo), a re-
port, rumour, tittle-tattle; urbani inalevolorum
sermnnculi, Cic.
1. sero, sevi, satum, 3. (root SE-o, whence
semen). I. to sow, set, plant. A. 1, lit., oleam
ct vitein, Cic; frumenta, Caes. ; partic subst.,
sata -orum, n. the soivn fiehls, standing corn,
Verg., Liv.; 2, transf., to beget, engender, bring
forth; genus humanum, Cic; partic, satus
-a -um, sprung fi-om, bom of; sato sanguine
divum, Verg. ; matre satus terra, Ov. ; Anchisa
satus, son of Anchiscs, Verg..; satus Noreide, soil
of Thetis, Ov. ; satae Pelia, daughters of Pelias,
Ov. B. Fig., to plant, sow, spread abroad, dis-
seminate, cause, occasion; cum patriVus certa-
mina, Liv. ; discordias, Liv. ; eriniina, Liv. ;
meutionem, to make mention of, Liv. ; mores,
Cic; diuturnain rempublicam, Cic II. to plant,
sow, sow over; agrum, Ov. ; jugera sunt sata,
Cic.
2. sero (serin), sertum, 3. (root SER, Gr.
El'-io, eipw), to join together, weave together, en-
twine. I. Lit., only in the partic. pert'., sertus
-a -um ; loricae, linked. Ncp. II. Fig., to join
together, connect, combine; ex aeternitatc causa
causam serens, Cic. ; f'ati lege immobilis rerum
humanarum ordo seritur, Liv.; fabulam'argu-
mento, Liv. ; colloquia cum hoste, Liv. ; inulta
inter sese vario scrmone serebaut, Verg.
3. sero, v. serus.
serotinus -a -um (3. sero), late; hiems, Plin.
serpens -entis, c (serpo), an animal that
crawls. I. a snake, serpent. A. Lit., Cic. B.
a constellation in the northern hemisphere (also
called Draco and Anguis), Ov. II. a creeping
insect on the human body, louse, Plin.
serpentigena -ae, c. (serpens and gigno),
offspring of a serpent, Ov.
serpentipes -pedis (serpens and pes), snake-
footed, Ov.
serperastra -orum, u. (sirpo, to bind),
bandages or knee-splints for straightening the
crooked leg* of children, Varr. ; in jest, of oilicers
who keep their soldiers in order, Cic.
serpillum = serpyllum (q.v.).
serpo, serpsi, serptuih. 3. (fpn-w), to creep,
crawl. I. A. Lit., of animals, qnaedam bestiae
serpentes, quaedam gradientes, Cic; serpere per
bumnm, Ov. B. Transf., of any slow and imper-
ceptible motion, vitis serpens multiplici lapsuet
erratico, Cic; flamnia percoutiuua serpens, Liv.;
et (Ister) tectis in mare serpit aquis, Ov. II.
Tig., A. Gen., of prosaic poetry, serpit kumi
tutus, Hor. B. Esp., to spread abroad, Increase,
extend imperceptibly; serpit hoc malum longius
quam putatis, Cic. ; si panllatim ha-c eonsue-
tudo serpere ac prodire coeperit, Cic. ; serpit
hie rumor, foil, by ace and infin., Cic
serpyllum (serpillum) and serpullum
-i, n. (epiruAAoi'), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum,
Linn.), Verg.
serra -ae, f. (sec-ra, from seco = that which
cuts), a saw. I. Gen., Cic II. Transf., a kind
of saw-jish, Plin.
serracum (sarracum) -i, n. I. a kind
of waggon used On the Roman peasants to carry
their goods and families in, Juv. II. Transf., a
constellation, the Wain, Juv.
serratula -ae, f. betony, Plin.
serratUS -a -um (serra), toothed like a saw,
serrated; dentes, Plin. Subst., serrati -orum,
m. (sc. munmi), silver denarii notched on the edge,
Tac
scrrula -ae, f. (dim. of serra), a little saw.
Cic.
scrta, v. scrturp,.
Ser
519
ses
Sertdrlus -ii, in., Q., a celebrated Roman
general of the Marian faction, who, on Sulla
gaining the upper hand in Home, Jled to Spain,
and resisted there bravely and successfully till he
was treacherously killed by Perperna. Adj.,
Sertoiianus -a -inn, Sertorian.
scrtum -i, n., gen. plur., sorta -orum, n.,
ami serta -ae, f. (scro), a garland vf flowers ;
sertia redimiri, Cic. ; serta Caiupanica, aud
simply serta, a plant — melilotos, Cato.
1. scrum -i, n. i. the watery part of curdled
milk, whey, Verg. II. the watery part or sej-u.ni
of other things, Plin.
2. serum, v. serus.
serus -a -uni. I. late. A. Gen., gratulatio,
Cic. ; hora serior, Ov. ; si hiems magis sera (=
serior), Liv. ; subst. .serum -i, n., rem in serum
traliere, to retard, Liv. ; serum diei, late in the
day, evening, Liv. ; abl., sero, adv. = late, Cic. ;
esp., late— in the evening, Cic.; coinpar., serius,
later; biduo serius, Cic; spe omnium serius
(id bellum fuit), Liv. ; serius ocius, sooner or
later, Hor. B. Esp., 1, late in being fulfilled ;
Bpes, Liv. ; porteuta, Cic. ; 2, doing something
late; serus abi, go late away, Ov. ; with genit,
o seri stud jorum ! late learned (oi|/ifia0ei9), Hor.;
3, aged, old ; platauus, Ov. ; ulmus, Yerg. ; 4,
lasting a long time; bellum, Ov. II. too late ;
kalendae, Cic.; bellum, Sail.; sera assurgis,
Verg. ; abl., sero, adv. = too late, Cic.; prov.,
sero sapiunt (sc. Phryges, i.e., Trojani), Cic. ;
coinpar., serius, somcwliat too late; venire, Cic.
serva, v. servus.
servabilis -e (servo), that van be saved, Ov.
scrvans -antis, p. adj. only in su perl. (servo),
observing ; servantissimus aequi, Verg.
servator -oris, m. (servo), re preserver,
saviour ; reipublicae, Cic; salutis, Ov.
' scrvatrix -icis, f. (servator), she that pre-
serves, a preserver, saviour, Cic.
servilis -e (servus), of or relating to a slave,
slavish, servile; vestis, Cic; tumultus, a servile
insurrection, Cic. ; terror, dread of an insurrec-
tion of slaves, Liv.
serviliter, adv. (servilis), slavishly, servilely;
ne quid serviliter muliebriterve faciamus, Cic.
Servilius -a -uni, name of a Roman gens, the
most celebrated members of which were : 1, C.
Servilius Ahala, who as magistcr equitum killed
ilaelius ; 2, P. Servilius Rullus, composer of the
lex Servilia concerning the selling of the Italian
public lands, against which Cicero delivered his
agrarian speeches; 3, Servilia, mother of Brutus,
mistress of Caesar. Adj., Servilian ; lex, Cic. ; lacus,
a piece of artificial water near the Capitol, where
the heads of the proscribed were put up, Cic.
servio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (servus), to serve,
be a servant or slam. I. A. Lit., alicui, Ter. ;
apud aliquem, Cic. ; with cognate ace, servit-
utem, Cic. B. Transf., of things, a, of land,
buildings, etc., to be subject to certain rights
of other persons than the oivner, to be subject to
an easement, Caes. ; (aedes) serviebaut, Cic. ; b, to
serve, be useful, serviceable for ; cliartis serviunt
calami, Plin. II. Fig., 1, to subserve, assist,
comply with, accommodate, gratify ; alicui, Cic. ;
amori aliorum, Cic; iracundiae, Cic; 2\ a, to
cure for, have regard to, devote one's attention to;
brevitati, Cic. ; b, to adapt oneself to, to allow
oneself to be governed by; incertis rumoribus,
Caes. ; tempori, Cic.
servitium -ii, n. (servus). X. slavery, servid%
servitude, subjection ; dueere aliquem in ser-
vitium, Liv. , civitatem a servitio abstrahere,
Cic. ; aniiui imperio, corporis servitio magis
Uijmur, the mind is the. waster, the body the slave,
Sail. II. Meton., slaves, servants, a household of
slaves; used both sing, and plur., servitia sileant,
Cic. ; servitia concitare, Cic. ; servitium in
scaeuam immissuiu, Cic.
servitricius -a -urn (servus), belonging to a
slave, Plant.
servltudo -Inis, f. (servus), slavery, servi-
tude, Liv.
servitus -utis, f. (servus), the condition of a
slave, slavery, servitude. I. A. Lit., both of indivi-
duals and states, diutina, Cic. ; perpetua, Caes. ;
aliquem in servitutem abducere, Cic. ; addicere
aliquem in servitutem, Cic, perpetuae servituti,
Caes. ; anteponere mortem servituti, Cic. ; esse
in servitute, to be a slave, Cic. B. Transf., 1,
subjection, obedience ; of the wife towards the hus-
band, muliebris, Liv. ; officii, Cic. ; 2, of houses,
lands, etc., liability to certain burdens, easements,
e.g., a right of way, fundo servitutem imponere,
Cic. II. Meton., slaves; servitus crescit nova
(of the lovers of a maiden), Hor.
Servius -Ii, n. (servus, son of a slave), a
Roman praenomen occurring in the name of the
king Servius Tirflius ami in the Sulpician gens,
v. Sulpicius.
servo, 1. (rootSERV, connected with 'EPY-u,
epuojiai). I. to keep, preserve, save, rescue, deliver.
A. Gen., 1, of concrete objects, populum, Cic;
aliquem ex judicio, Cic. ; with double ace, se
integros eastosque, Cic ; 2, of abstract objects, to
observe, pay Iveed to, keep ; ordinem, Liv.; ordiues,
Caes. ; eonceiitum, Cic; amicitiain, Cic. ; legem,
Cic. ; pacem cum aliquo, Cic; fidem juris jnr-
andi cum hoste, Cic; foil, by ut or ne and the
subj., quuin ita priores decemviri servassent, ut
HtlUS fasces haberet, Liv. B. Esp., to keep for
the future, to lay up, keep, preserve, reserve;
Caecuba centum elavibus, Hor. ; se ad tempora,
Cic; se ad majors, Liv.; eomeservavi,Cic; with
dat., res judicio voluntatique alicuius, Cic. II.
Transf. , A. to give regard to, pay attention to, watch;
1, gen., me omnibus servatinodisne, etc., Plaut. ;
sidera, to observe, Verg. ; ortum Caniculae, Cic. ;
servaro de caelo, to observe lightning (the duty of
the augurs), Cic; to keep watch; cetera servabaut
atqiie in statione manebant, Ov. ; 2, esp., a,
to take care, lake precautions; servarent ne qui
nocturni coetus fierent, Liv. ; serva, take care.
Hor.; b, to watch, keep, detain, preserve; (a)
aliquem libera custodij, Cic. ; limen, stay at
home, Verg. ; (j3) to dwell, remain in a place, in-
habit ; silvas et flumina, Verg. B. to keep, pre-
serve ; quum populus suum servaret, Cic
servilius (servolus) -i, m. (dim. of servus),
a young slave, Cic.
servus -i, m. and serva -ae, f. a slave, ser-
vant; servi publici, slaves of the state, Cic;
Transf., servi cupiditatum, Cic* ; legum, Cic.
Hence, adj., servus -a -uni, servile, slavish; a,
gen., aqua, di~unk by slaves; Cic. ; civitas, Liv. ;
imitatorum servuin pecus, Hon; b, legal 1. 1.,
of lands or buildings, subject to right of other
persons than the owner, subject to a servitude or
easement; praedia serva, Cic.
sesaminus -a -tun (crnffd/xifo?), made of
sesame, Plin.
sesamoides -is, n. (cnjoro/iou&es), a plant
like sesame, Plin.
sesamum (-on) -i, n., sisarnuni -i, n.
and sesama -ae, f. (mjaafioi), an oily plant,
sesame, Plaut.
sescennaris -e (scsqui and annus), a year
and a half old; bos, Liv.
sescuplus -a -urn (sesqui), one and a half
times (us much, Quint.
seseiis -is, f. (o-eVeAis), « plant, hartwort,C\<s<
Ses
520
ses
Sesostris -tridis and Sesosls -sidis, m.
(2<Vu>trTpi?), a mythical king of Egypt.
sesqui, adv. num. (semis and qui), one half
ware, half as much again; sesqui major, Cic.
sesqulalter and syncop. sesqualter
-altera -alterum (Gr. eiriSevrepo?), one and a
half, Cic.
eesquibora -ae, f. an hour and a half, riin.
sesquijugerum -i, n. an aci-e and a half,
Plin.
sesquilibra -ae, f. a poxmd and a half, Cato.
sesquimensis -is, m. a month ami a half,
Varr.
sesquiinodius -li, m. a modius and a half,
Cic.
scsquiobolus -i, m. an obolm and a half,
Plin.
sesquloctavus -a -um, containing Jo/a
thing, Cic.
sesquiopus -ens, n. the work of a day and a
half, Plant.
sesquipedalis -e, a foot and a half long;
tigua, Caes. ; hence, poet., very long; dentes,
Cat. ; verba, Hor.
sesquipedanSus = sesquipedalis (q.v.)
sesquipes -pSdis, m. a foot and a half, Plant.
sesquiplaga -ae, f. a blow and a half, Tae.
sesquiplex -pllcis, taken one and a half
times, Cic.
sesqilltertius -a -um, containing \ of any-
thing, Cic.
sesslbulum -i, n. (sedeo), a seat, stool, chair.
Plant. ^
scssilis -e (sedeo), fit fir silting upon. I.
Pass., terguin (equi), ()v. II. Act., of plants,
low, dwarf, spreading, Plin.
SCSSio -<3nis, f. (sedeo). 1. 1, titling, the act of
sitting ; status, incessio, sessio, Cic. ; sessiones
quaedam {postures in sitting) contra naturain
sunt, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, a sitting idle, loitering in
a place; Capitolina, Cic; b, a sitting, session
for discussion ; poineridiana, Cic. II. Meton.,
a place for sitting, seat, Cic.
sessito, 1. (intens. of sedeo), to sit much, sit
ahenys; quam deam (Suadain) in Pericli labris
scripsit Eupolis sessitavisse, Cic.
sessiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of sessio), a little
company or assembly for conversation, Cic.
sessor -Cris, m. (sedeo). I. one wlio sits, a
fitter, Hor. II. an inhabitant, dweller ; urbis,
Xep.
sestertius -a -um (scmis-tertius), two and a
half; sestet tius -li, m.,and in full, sestertius
uninraos, genitr. plur. sestertium minimum, and
simply sestertium and sestertioruin, a sesterce.
A. a silver coin, in the time of the Republic = i
denariu3= 2\ asses (= about 2bl.), Cic. ; 1, lit.,
sestertii duodeni, Cic. ; genit. plur., sestertium
(sc. mille), treated as a neut. noun, and so de-
clined, = 1,000 sesterces ; dceics sestertium (sc
centtna millia) =a millionsesterc.es ; centies ses-
tertium = ten million sesterces, Cic. ; millies ses-
tertifim = 100 millions, Cic; 2, transf., nummo
i-estertio or sestertio nummo, for a mere trifle :
nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo alicui
addici, Cic. B. In Imperial times, a copper coin
of the value o/4 asses, Plin.
Scstus (Scstos) -i, f. (Stjctto?), a town in
Thrace on the Hellespont, residence of Hero, now,
perhaps, Jalova. Adj., SestUS -a -um, Sestian ;
puella, Hero, Ov.
S6t = sed (q.v.).
set& (saeta) -ae, f. I. a bristle, slitf hair ; of
pigs, Ov. ; seta equina, ttirsehair, Cic, ; of <?oats,
cows, lions, Verg.; of coarse, bristly, human hair
Verg. II. Meton., part of an angler's line, Ov.
setania -ae, f. and setanion -ii, n. (<r>jTai'ia).
I. a species of medlar, Plin. II. a kind of onion,
Plin.
setiger (saetiger) -gSra -germn (seta and
gero), having bristles, bristly ; sus, Verg. ; subst.,
setiger -gSri, m. a boar, Ov.
setosus (saetosus) -a -um (seta), full of
bristles, bristly; aper, Verg.
seu = sive (q.v.).
severe, adv. -with com par. and superl.
(severus), seriously, gravely, austerely, severely,
Cic.
severitas -atis, f. (severus), gravity, serious-
ness, severity, austerity, sternness, strictness; cens-
orum, censoria, Cic. ; severitatem in filio ad-
hibere, Cic. ; severitatem adhibere reipublicae
causa, Cic.
severitudo -Inis, f. = severitas (q.v.).
1. severus -a -um, grave, serious, strict,
rigid, stern, austere, sex-ere. I. In a good sense.
A. Lit., 1, of persons, Tubero vita severus, Cic;
familia quuin ad ccteras res turn ad judicandum
severissima, Cic. ; 2, of things, frons, Ov.; con-
gressio, Cic; subst., a, severus -i, m. a
grave, serious man, Hor. ; b, severa -orum, n.
serious things, Hor. JB. Transf., Falernum
(vinum), harsh, Hor.; amnis Eumenidum or
Cocyti, awful, Hor, II. In a bad sense, hard,
cruel; a, lit., Neptnnus saevus severusque,
Plaut. ; turba Eumenidum, Prop.; b, transf.,
uncus, Hor.
2. Severus -i, m. a Roman family name, the
most celebruted persons bearing which were: 1,
Cornelius Severus, epic poet in the time of
Augustus, friend of Ovid; 2, L. Septimius
Severus, emperor 103-211 a.d. ; 3, A melius
Alexander Severus, emperor 222-234 a.d.
3. Severus mons, a mountain in the Sabine
country, a branch of the Apennines, now Vissa.
SCVOCO, 1. to call asiile, call airay. I. Lit.,
singulos, Caes. ; plebem in Aventinum, Cic. II.
Fig., to call off, call away, separate; ininium
a voluptate, Cic
sevum, etc. = sebum, etc. (q.v.).
sex, numcr. (tf), six, Cic. ; sex septem, six or
seven, Hor.
sexagenarius -a-um(sexageni), containing
the number sixty; and esp., sixty years old,
Quint.
sexageni -ae -a, genit. -enum (sexaginta)
sixty each, Cie.
sexageslmus -a -um (sexaginta), the six-
tieth, Cic.
sexagies (sexagiens), adv. (sexaginta),
sirty times; sestertium sexagies, six millions of
sesterces, Cic. ; so simply sexagiens, Cic.
sexaginta, num. (e£<jKoi' T a). I. sixty, Cic.
II. = very many, Matt,
sexangulus -a -um, hexagonal, Ov.
sexccnarius -a -um (sexceni), consisting of
six hundred ; cohortes, Caes.
sexceni (scsceni) -ae -a (sexcenti), six hun-
dred each, Cic.
sexcenteni = sexceni (q.v.). •
sexcenteslmus -a -um (sexcenti), the six
hundreth, Cic.
sexcenti -ae -a (sex and centum). I. six
hundred, Cic. II. To denote an indefinite
round number = countless ; epistolae, Cic.
sexccnties (sexcentiens), adv. (sex-
pcnti), 'i' 1, hundr-cd times, Gift
sex
521
sic
sexcentoplagus -i, m. (sexcenti and plaga),
One who receives innumerable stripes, Plant.
sexdecim = sedecim (q.v.).
sexennis -e (sex and annis), six years old,
Plaut.
sexennium -li, n. (sexennis), a period of six
years, Cic.
sexies (sexiens), adv. (sex), six times, Cic.
sexprimi -orum, m. the six highest magis-
trates in colonies and municipia, Cic.
sextadecimani -orum, m. (sextusdeciraus),
soldiers of the 10th legion, Tac.
sextans -antis, m. (sex), the sixth part of an
as, Varr. ; esp., a, as a coin, two unciae, Liv. ;
b, the sixth part of an inheritance ; in sextante
sunt ii, quorum pars, etc., Cic; c, the sixth part
of a pound, Ov., d, of an acre, Varr., e, of a
sextarius, Mart.
sextantarius -a -um (sextans), containing
a sixth part; asses sextantario pondeie, weighing
only one-sixth of the former asses, Plin.
sextariolus -i, in. (dim. of sextarius), a
small liquid measure, Suet.
sextarius -ii, m. (sextus), the sixth part. I.
In liquid measure, the sixth part of a congivs
(about a pint), Cic. II. As a dry measure, the
sixteenth part of a modius, Plin.
Sextills -is, m. (sextus), mensis, or simply
Sextilis, the sixth month of the Roman year
(reckoning from March), afterwards called
August ; kalendae Sextiles, the 1st of August,
Cic.
SextlUS (ScstlUS)-a -um, name of a Roman
gens, the -most famous members of which were: 1,
L. Sextius, tribune of the people, the author of a
law enacting that one of the consuls should ahvays
be a plebeian; 2, P. Sextius, tribune ofthepeople,
who proposed the recall of Cicero from exile.
Adj., Sextian ; lex, the above-mentioned law of L.
Sextius ; tabula, of a banker named Sextius, Cic;
esp., Aquae Sextiae, Roman colony near Manilia,
founded by C. Sextius Calvinus, 123 B.C., now Aix.
Hence, adj., Scctianus (Sestianus) -a -um,
Sextian.
sextula -ae, f. (sc. pars, from sextulus, dim.
of sextus), the sixth part of an uncia, therefore
l-72nd of an as, Varr. ; l-72nrf part of an inherit-
ance, Cic.
sextus -a -um (sex). I. the sixth, Cic. ; adv.,
sextum, for the sixth time; sextum consul, Cic.
II. Sextus, a Roman name.
sextusdecimus -a -um, sixteenth, Cic.
sexus -us, m. (another form of secus), the
male' or female sex; a, of men, hominum genus
et in sexu consideratur, virile an muliebre sit,
Cic. ; b, of animals, Plin. ; c, of plants, miner-
als, etc, Plin.
81, conj. (et). I. A particle expressing con-
dition, if, in case that; foil, by both indie and
subj. A. Gen., numqnaiu labere, si tc audies,
Cic! ; si minus, if not, Cic. ; quod si, and if, but
if, Cic. B. Esp., a, to conllrm or explain or
justify what has gone before, if only, provided
that ; delectus habetur, si hie delectus appellan-
dus, Cic. ; belluni vobis indictum est, magno
eonun malo, qui indixere, si viri estis, Liv. ;
b, in wishes, if only ; si nunc se ostendat, Verg.;
C, in comparisons, as if, just as if; with subj.,
Cic, Liv. ; d, to express a concession, even if;
si omnes deos hominesque celare possumus, Cic.
II. In indirect questions and dependent clauses,
whether, if; conati, si possent, etc., Cic. ; dicito,
si etc., Cic. ; castra movet, si . . . posset, to try
whether, etc., Liv.
sibilo, 1. (sibilus). I, Intransit., to hiss;
17*
of snakes, Verg. : anguis sibilat, Ov. ; transf.,_ of
red-hot iron plunged into water ; in tepida
submersum sibilat inula, Ov. II. Transf., to
hiss at, liiss down; aliquem, Cic
1. sibilus -i, m. (plur., sibili, and in poets,
sibila), a hissing, whistling, rustling; austri,
Verg. ; of persons, whistling ; sibilo sigiium dare.
Liv.; esp., a contemptuous hissiiig ; sibilum
metuis? Cic; sibilis conscindi, Cic; sibilis
aliquem explodere, Cic.
2. sibilUs -a -um, hissing ; colla (of a snake),
Verg. ; ora, Verg.
Sibylla -ae, f. (2i'/3vAAa, from Sibs (= Aibs)
0ouA>j, God's counsel), a prophetess and priestess of
Apollo, a Sibyl; in the Roman mythol., esp., the
Sibyl ofCumae whom Aeneas consulted; another
Sibyl of Cumae was said to have composed tlie
Sibylline books, which were bought by Tarquin
from an old woman, and kept in the Capitol, and
consulted in time of danger.
Sibyllinus -a -um, of or relating to the Sibyl,
Sibylline; libri, Cic. ; vatieinatio, Cic
sic (from root i (whence is and ita), with the
spirant prefixed and the demonstrative suffix -ce
added, si-ce, which became sic), so, thus, in this
maimer. I. Gen., a, sive eniin sic est, sive illo
modo, Cic. ; ilia civitas popularis (sic eniin
appellant) iu qua in populo sunt omnia, Cic; b,
to introduce something that follows, thus, as
follows ; ingressus est sic loqui Scipio, Cic. ;
esp., with ace and infln., sic velim existimes,
te nihil gratius facere posse, Cic ; c, in affirm-
ative answers, sic est, etc.; sic plane judico,
Cic. II. Esp., A. In comparisons, so, as ; gen.
corresponding to ut, more rarely to quemad-
modum, tamquam, quasi, etc., Atticum sic amo,
ut alterum fratrem, Cic. ; quemadmodum . . .
sic, Cic. ; sic . . . tanquain, Cic. ; sic . . .
quasi, Cic; in wishes, so; sic tua Cyrneas
fngiant exainina taxos, Verg. B. of such a kind,
of such a nature ; sic est vulgus ; ex veritatc
pauca, ex opinione multa, existiinant, Cic. C.
a, in such circumstances, in such a manner, so,
and thus ; sic ad supplicium Numitori Remus
deditur, Liv.; b, consequently, in consequence;
quia non est obscura tua in ine benevolentia, sic
fit ut, etc., Cic. D. To express limitation or con-
dition, so = on condition tliat, in so far as ; gen.
eorresp. with ut, recordatione amicitiae sic
fruor, ut beate vixisse videar, Cic. ; sic . . . si,
then ...if, only if ; deeieverunt, id sic ratum
esset, si patres auctores tierent, Liv. K. To
express degree, so much, to such a degree; often
foil, by ut, Caecinam a puero semper sic dilexi ut
non ullo cum nomine conjunctius viverem, Cic.
F. To express carelessness, indiiference, thus,
simply; sic nudos (naked as they are) in liumen
projicere, Cic.
sica -ae, f. (seco). I. a dagger, dirk, poniard ;
maximus sieirum numerus et gladiorum, Cic
II. Meton., assassination, murder; hinc sicae,
venena, falsa testainenta nascuntur, Cic.
Sicanl -6i um, m. a people of Celtic origin who
originally inluibited the banks of the Tiber, and
thence migrated to Sicily. Hence, A. Adj.,
Sicanus -a -um, Sicanian, r,oct.= Sicilian.
B. Sicanius -a -um, Sicanian, -poet. = Sicilian.
C. Sicanis -Idis, f. adj., Sicanian, poet.=
Sicilian. D. Subst., Sicania -ae, f. Sicania
= Sicily.
sicarius -Ii, m. (sica), an assassin, murderer;
accusare aliquem inter sicarios, of murder, Cic.
Sicca -ae, f., Veneria, on important town in
Numidia. on the Bagroylas, with a temple to Venus,
now Keff. Hence, Slccenses -iura, m. th*
inhabitants of Sicca.
Siccanus -a -um (siccus), dry, Plin. ^ v
sle
522
sid
Siecatio -onis, f. (sicco), a drying, Plin.
sicce, adv. (siccus), dryly ; fig., of discourse ;
dicere plainly, vigorously, Cic
siccesco, 3. (siccus), to become dry, Plin.
siccine (sic I no or sicin'), (id v. (sicce),
iiitcnog. parade, is it thus ? thus} so ? Cat.
siccitas -atis, f. (siccus). I, dryness; a,
lit., pallidum, Caes.; b, mctou., dryness of
weather, drought, Cic. II, Trnnsf., fceedomfrom
humours, firm health; a, lit., Cic; b, fig., of
discourse, plaV.-.ness, simplicity, dryness; ora-
tionis, Cic.
sioco, 1. (siccus), to make dry, to dry. I.
Transf., A. Gen., vollera, Verg.; horbas, 0'".;
esp., to dry up water or soil; paludes, Cic. B.
a, to drain, dry, to drink up, empty; calices,
Hor. ; b, to milk; ovem, Ov. ; c, to suck dry;
libera, Verg. II. Intransit. and impers., siccat,
it dries up, Cat.
siccociilus -a -um (siccus and oculus),
having dry eyes, Plant.
siccus -a -um, dry. I. A. Lit., 1, gen.,
lignum, Verg. ; subst., siccum -i, n. the dry
land; in sicco hibernare, Liv. ; 2, esp., a,
without tears, tearless; oculi, Hor.; b, dry,
thirsty; siccus, inanis, Hor.; poet., dies = hot,
thirsty, Hor.; meton., temperate, abstinent, Cic. ;
C, fasting, a poor starving wretch ; accedes siccus
ad unctuin, Hor. ; d, briglit, cloudless, Prop.; e,
bright, rainless; fervores, Ov. B. Fig., dry,
cold, impassive ; puella, Ov. II. Transf., A. Of
the body, free from- humours, in sound, vigorous
health; corpora, Plin. B. Of discourse, plain,
simple ; oratio, Cic.
3icelicon -i, n. (SikcAikoY), the plant flea-
wort, Pli».
Sicilia -ae, f. (Si«Ai'a), the island of Sicily.
Hence, A. Sicells -Idis, f. Sicilian. B.
Sicilicnsis -e, Sicilian.
SlCllIciila -ae, f. (dim. of sicilis), a small
sickle, Plant.
SlClllCUS -i, m. (sicilis), a, the 4th part, of an
un vncia, xnd therefore l-48th of an as; b,a
quarter of an inch, Plin.; c, 1-iSth of un hour,
Plin.
sicillO, 4. (sicilis), to cut or mow with the
sickle, Plin.
sicilis -Is, f. (seco), a sickle, Plin.
Sicoris -is, in. a tributary of the inherits in
Spain, now Segre.
Sicubl, adv.( = si alicubi), if anywhere, Cic.
Siciili -'"rum, in. a people of Celtic origin,
akin to the Sicani, who settled on the coast of Italy,
but were afterwards compelled to migrate to Sicily ;
hence, trnnsf., the inhabitants of Sicily, the
Sicilians, Cic; sing., SJculuS -i, m. a Sicilian,
Cic. ; hence, SlciilUE -a -uin, Sicilian ; tyran-
DUS, Phalaris, Ov.
Sicunde, adv. (= si nlicunde), if from any-
where, Cic.
siciit and sicuti, adv. as, just as. I. Gen.,
a, with a verb, sicut sapiens poeta dixit, Cic;
foil, by ita, itidem, sic; sicuti . . . ita, Liv.;
sicuti . . . sic, Caes.; sicuti . . . ita, Cars. ; b,
without a verb, Ricut apud nos, Cic; viri in
uxores, sicut in liberos potestatem, Caes. ; full.
by ita, sicuti in foro, ifcom in theatro, Cic II.
Esp., 1, inasmuch as; sicuti eras aderit, hodie
non venerit. Plant. ; 2, sicut. est, sicut erat, as
the case really is, in fact ; quamvis felixsit, sicuti
est, Cic ; 3, in a comparison, a, as, it were ; hie
locus sicut aliquod fnndamentum est. hnins con-
Btitutionis, Cic; b, just as if; sicuti foret
lacessitus, Sail. ; 4, to add an example, as, as
for example ; quibus in oaosi-; omnibus, sicuti in
ipsa M. Cnrii, Cic. ; 5, to express a state or
condition, just as ; sicut erani, fngio, Ov.
Sicyon -onis, m. and f. (StKinor), a city of
Peloponnesus; h.-nce, adj., Slcyonius -a_-uin,
Siatonian; calcei, Cic; and subst., Sioyonia
-oium, n. a kind of soft shoes from Sicyon, Lucr.
Slda -ae, f. (Si'Stj), a town in Pamphylia, west
of the river Mclcs, now Eski-Adalia. Hence,
Sldctae -arum, m. the inhabitants of Sida.
sideralis -e (sidus), of or relating to the
stars, Plin.
sideratio -Onis, f. (sidcror), a blast, blight
upon plants, supposed to be produced by the in-
fluence of the stars, Plin.
Sldereus -a -um (sidus), of or belonging to
the stars, starry. I. Lit,, a, caelum, starry, Ov. ;
ignes, the stars, Ov. ; Canis, the Dog-star, Ov. ;
dea = Nox,Prop. ; conjux, Ceyx (as son of Luci-
fer), Ov. ; b, esp., of or relating to the sun, solar;
ignes, Ov. ; lux, Ov. II. Transf., gleaming,
glittering ; clipeus, Verg.
siderion -li, n. (o-iSijpioi'), the plant vervain,
Plin.
Siderites -ae, m. (<riSnpiTr)<;)= sideritis(q.v.).
Slderltis -is, f. (criSTi/pm;). I. a stone; a,
a magnet, Plin. ; b, a kind of diamond, Plin.
II. a. plant, vervain, Plin.
Slderor, 1. (sidus) = sidere afflari, to suffer
from a sunstroke, be planet-struck, Plin.
Sldicini -orum, m. n people of Campania,
whose chief town was Teanum. Hence, adj., Sidi-
Cinus -a -um, Sidicine.
sido, sidi and sedi, sessum, 3. (T£<d), to sit
down, settle, alight. I. Lit., of living creatures,
columbae super arbore sidunt, Verg. ; inmsne
sessum? Cic. II. Transf., of inanimate things.
A. Gen., to sink down, settle ; orta ex laeu nebula
campo qiiam monribus densior sederat, Liv.
B. lisp., 1, to remain lying or fixed, to settle; a,
quuin sederit glans, Liv. ; b, nam. 1. 1., to stick
fast, to be stranded ; ubi cymbae sidercnt, Liv. ;
2, to sink — to vanish, disappear, Prop., Tac.
Sidon -onis, f. (SiScii), a city of Phoenicia.
Hence, adj., A. SldoniUS -a -um, Phoenician;
Sidonian; amor, of Jupiter for Europa, Mart;
esp., of purple, ostium, Ov. ; subst., Sldonii
-orum, m. the Sidonians or Tyrians^ B. Si-
donicus -a -um, Sidonian. C. Sidonis -Wis,
f. Sidonian, Tynan; concha, Tynan purple, Ov.;
tellus, Phoenicia, Ov. ; subst. = the Sidonian
■woman ; Europa, Ov. ; Dido, Ov. ; Anna, sister of
Dido, Ov.
SldUS -ens, n. a group of stars, constellation,
sometimes used of a single star. I. A. Lit.,
a, (n) sing., sidus Vergiliarmn, Liv. ; sidus
aetherium, Ov. ; (fi) plur., illi sempiterni ignes,
quae sidera et stellas vocatis, Cic; b, poet.,
Bidera sobs (of the sun itself), Ov. B. Meton.,
1, sing., a, the time of year; hiberno sidere,
in winter, Verg.; mutato sidere, at another
time of the year, Verg.; b, the day; bruinale,
the shortest day, Ov. ; c, climate, regions; tot
sidera emensae, Verg. ; d, weather; grave sidus
et imber, Ov. ; Minervae, storm raised by Mi-
nerva, Verg. ; e, a star, as bringing disaster
(cf. sideratio), hand secus quam pestifero sidere
icti, Liv.; 2, plur., the heavens; ad sidera
missus, Juv. ; ad sidera ferre, to praise to the
skies, Verg. ; poma ad sidera nituntur, grow up,
Verg. ; sub sidera lapsae, Verg. ; vertiee sidera
tangere, Ov., or ferire, Hor., to touch the stars,
to be elevated in happiness or prosperity beyond
measure; sub pedibus videt nubes et sidera, is
raised to heaven, Verg. II. Transf., 1. of beau-
Sig
523
sil
tiful eyes, geminum, sua lumina, sidns, Ov. ; 2,
pride, glory ; O sidus Fabiae, Maxime, gentis,
Ov.
Sigambri = Sugambri (q.v.).
Sigenm -i, n. (Si'yeioi'), a ■promontory and
port in Tracts, where was the grave of Achilles,
now Jenischer. Hence, A. Sigeus -a -um,
Sigean. B. Sigeius -a -nm, Sigean.
sigilla -Orum, n. (dim. of signum), small
figure*, images; patella in qua sigilla crant
egregia, Cic. ; statuettes. Cic ; figures cut upon a
signet-ring, Cic, and hence, a seal, Hor.
Sigillaria -Drum, abl. -iis and -ibus, n.
(sigilla). I. a festival in Rome, at which little
figures were exchanged as presents. Suet. II. the
little images thus vised, Sen. III. a place in
Borne where such images were sold, Suet.
sigillatus -a -um (sigilla), ornamented with
small figures ; scyplii, Cic.
sigillum, v. sigilla.
sigma -atis, n. (p-Cyfia), the Greek letter sigma,
and hence, a semicircular dining-couch in the
original shape of a capital sigma (C), Mart.
signator -oris, in. (signo), one who seats a
document as a witness; a, the witness to a will,
Suet. ; signatores falsi, forgers of wills, Sail. ; b,
the loitness to a marriage-contract, Juv.
Signia -ae, f. a city in Latium, now Segni.
Hence, adj., Signmus -a -um, of or belonging
to Signia; opus, or simply subst., Sigmnum
-i, n. a kind of plaster for walls and pavements;
plur. subst., Signmi -oruin, m. the inhabitants
of Signia.
signifer -f8ra -ferum (signum and fero),
bearing figures, adorned witli figures. I. Gen.,
puppis, Lucan. II. Esp., A. bearing shirs,
covered with constellations ; aether, Luer. ; orbis,
the zodiac, Cic. B. Subst., signifer -feri, m.,
mi'.it. 1. 1., a standard-bearer, Caes., Cic; transf.,
a leader, head; calamitosorum, Cic. ; juventutis,
Cic.
Signif Icabllis -e (significo), significant, con-
veying a meaning; vox, Varr.
signif leans -antis, p. adj. (from significo),
graphic, distinct, clear, Quint.
signifioanter, adv. (significans), plainly,
distinctly, clearly; acrius, apertius, significantius
dignitatem alicuius defenders, Cic.
signif icantia -ae, f. (signilico), expressive-
ness, energy, distinctness, Quint.
signif icatio -onis, f. (significo). I. a show-
ing, pointing out, indicating, sign, token, indica-
tion ; a, absol., declarare aliquid signilicatione,
Cic; b, with subject, genit., litterarum,Cic; c.
with object, genit. , virtutia, Cic. ; d, with ace and
intin., signitlcatio tit nou adesso constantiam,
Cic. II. Esp., 1, a sign of assent, approbation,
applause; signilicatio omnium, Cic; signiflca-
tione florere, Cie. ; 2, a sign, prognostic of a
change of weather, Plin. ; 3, emphasis, Cic. ; 4,
the meaning, signification of a word; scripti,
Cic
significatus -us, m. (significo), a sign,
prognostic of a change of weather, Plin.
significo, 1. (signum and facio), to give a
sign, indication, to indicate, notify. I. Gen., a,
with ace, hoc mini significasseetannuisse visus
est, Cic ; b, with ace. and infin., omnes signi-
ficabant ab eo se esse admodum delectatos, Cic;
C, with ut and the subj., ut statim dimitter-
entur, Caes. ; d, with rol. sent., litterae neque
unde neque quo die datae essent signilicabant,
Cic; e, with de and the abl., do fnga, Caes.
II. Esp., A. to indicate that which is to come ; a,
futura, Cic; b, to give signs of, indicate a change
of weather, Plin. B. Of words, to mean, signify f
uno verbo significari res duas, Cic.
Signinus, v. Signi3.
signo, 1. (signum), to put a mark upon, mark,
designate. I. Lit., A. Gen., humum limite,
Ov. ; caeli regionem in cortice siguant, cut in,
inscribe, Verg. ; sonos vocis, Cic. ; huinum pede
certo, to tread on, Hor. B. Esp., 1, to marl:
with a seal, seal, seal up ; libellum, Cic. ; volum-
ina, Hor. ; arcanas tabellas, Ov. ; 2, to coin,
stamp money; argentum signatura, Cic; 3, to
adorn ; honore, Verg. II. Eig., A. Gen., signa-
ture inemori pectorc.nomcn habe, Ov. B. Esp.,
1, to signify, express; ossauomcii(Cajcta)signat,
Verg. ; 2, to observe, notice; ora sono discordia,
Verg.
signum -i, n. (perhaps connected with s\kuv,
eixo?), a sign, mark, taken. I. Gen., signa et
notae locorum, Cic. ; s'ignum imprimere pecori,
Verg. ; signa pedum sequi, to follow the footsteps,
Ov. ; signa dolorisostendere, Cic. II. Esp., A.
Milit. t. t., 1, a standard, flag, banner; a, of
large divisions of an army, the legion, etc.; signa
relinquere, to desert, Sail. ; signa ferre, to march
away, Caes. ; signa convelli jubere, to give tlie
signal for marching away, Liv. ; signa inferre, to
attack, Caes. ; signa conferre, (a) to bring the
standards together, Caes., (0) to fight; cum Alex-
andrinis, Cic. ; b, of small divisions, of cohorts
and maniples, Cic; hence, transf. = a small di-
vision of the army, company ; signa et ordiues,
Liv. ; 2, a, the signal, order, command given by the
general; signum pugnae proponere, Liv. ; signum
tuba dare, Caes. ; b, a watchword, pass-word; it
bello tessera signum, Verg. B. the sign or
signal in the circus given by the praetor or consul
for the races to begin; signum mitteudis quad-
rigis dare, Liv. C. a sign, token, indication of
the future ; signum se objicit, Cic; medici signa
habent ex venis, Cic. D. a sign = a proof;
hoc signi est, id signi est, or signum est with
ace and intin., Cic. E. a figure, image, statue ;
signum aeiieum, marmoreum, Cic; hence, a, a
seal, signet, Cic ; b, a group of stars, constella-
tioiij Cic.
Sll, silis, f. a kind of yellow earth, ochre, Plin.
Sila ae, f. a forest in Bruttii.
sllaceus -a -um (sil), like ochre; color, Plin.
silanus -i, m. (SiAt^o?), a fountain (fre-
quently made to issue from the head of Silenus),
Lucr.
Silarus -i, m. a river in Lucania l now Sele.
silaus -i, in. a species of parsley, Plin.
silens, v. sileo.
silentium -li, n. (sileo), silence, stilhiess,
quietness. I. Lit., A. Gen., audlre aliquid magno
silentio, Cic. ; silentium fieri jubere, Cic. ; anim.-
advertere cum silentio, to notice in silence, Ter. ;
silentio praeterire. Cic. ; silentium noctis, the
stillness of night, Caes.; ruris, Ov. B. Esp., a,
freedom from disturbance, and hence, covipleteness,
perfectness in taking the auspices ; id silentium
dicimus in auspiciis, quod omnivitio caret, Cic. ;
b, obscurity, mgloriousness ; laudem eortim a
silentio vindicare, Cic. II. Transf., quiet, repose,
inactivity; judiciorum ac fori, Cic. ; vitam si-
lentio transire, Sail.
Silenus -i, in. (SfAij^t), the tutor and attend-
ant of Bacchus, represented with a bald head, as
ahvays drunk, and riding on an ass.
sileo -ui, 2. to be still, noiseless, silent. I.
Lit., 1, of persons, a, absol., or with de and
the abl., optimum quemque silere, Liv. ; ceteri
de nobis silent, Cic; partic, silens, silent;
umbrae silentes (of the dead), Verg. ; subst,
silentes, the silent ; (a) = the dead ; rex si-
lentum (Pluto), Ov. ; (J3) the Pythagoreans;
sil
524
sim
coetus silentum, Ov. • b, with ace, to be silent
about ; tu hoc silebis, Cic. ; neque te silebo,
Hor. ; in pass., res siletnr, Cic. ; partic. subst.,
8ilciidn. -oruin, n. things to be silent about,
secrets, mysteries, Liv. ; 2, of things, silet acr,
Ov. ; aequor, Verg.; nox, Verg. ; with foil. rel.
senr., si ehartae sileant quod bene feceris, Hon;
partic, Sllcns, quiet, still; nox, Verg.; agmen,
Liv. II. Transf., to rest, to be inactive ; a, of
persons, silent dintius Musae quam solebant,
Cic; b, of things, si quando ambitus sileat,
Cic. (partic pres. in abl., gen. silente : svneop.
genit. plur., silentum, Verg., Ov.).
Slier -eris, n. a species of willow, the brook-
willow, Verg.
Sllesco, 3. (inchont. of sileo), to become
silent, grow still, Verg.
silcx -Icis, in. (rarely f.), any hard Hone,
flint, granite, basalt, esp. as material for pave-
ment. I. Lit, certo in loco silicem caedere,
Cic; vias in urbe silice sternere, Liv.; as lig.
of cruelty or hardheartedness, dicam silices
pectus habere tuuin, Ov. II. Poet., transf,
= scopuIus, rock, cliff; acuta silex praecisis un-
diqne saxis, Verg.
Silianus, v. Bilios.
silicernium -ii, n. a funeral feast, Varr. ;
hence, transf., as a term of abuse applied to an
infirm old man, Ter.
silicia -ae, f. the plant fenugreek, Plin.
silicula -ae, f. (dim. of siliqua), a little pod
or husk, Varr.
BJQigineus -a -um (siligo), made of wheat,
wheaten, Plin.
siligo -Inis, f. 1, a kind of very white wheat
(Triticum hibernum, Linn.), Plin.'; 2, ineton.,
wheaten flour, Juv.
Siliqua -ae, f. a husk, pod, shell, Verg. ; plur.,
siliquae -Srum, pulse, Hor.
siHquor, 1. dep. (siliqua), to put forth or get
pods, Plin.
Silius -a -um, name of a Roman gens: 1, A.
Silius, a friend of Citero ; 2, P. Silius Nerva,
propraetor in Bithynia and l'ontiit, 51 n.c. ; 3,
C. Silius Italicus, an ep-ic poet of the first Centura
a.d., author of an epic poem on the Punic War In
seventeen books. Hence, Silianus -a -um, re-
lating to Silius.
sillybus = sittybos (q.v.).
silphium -Ii, n. (o-iAtfuor) = laserpifium
(q.v.).
Silures -um, ace. -as, a people in Britain, to
the west of the Severn and the Avon.
Sllurus -i, in. (oAovpos), a species of river-
fish, prob. the sheat-fish, Juv.
Bllus -a -um (<nAA<k and criX<k)= simus, flat-
•nosed, snub-nosed, pug-nosed, Cic.
sUva (sylva) -ae, f. (connected with iiAij), a
wood, forest. I. 1, lit., a, Silva densa, Cic;
silvarum dca, Diana, Ov. ; b, a plantation, a
grove, apark; signa in silva disposita, Cic; 2,
metou., a, a quantity of shrubs or plants, under-
wood. Verg. ; b, poet., a tree or trees, Verg., Ov.
II. Transf., 1, a dense mass or quantity; Im-
manent acrato ciruumfert tegmine silvam, a
dense mass of spears, Verg. ; 2, plentiful supply,
abundance ; virtutum et vitiorum, Cic. ; esp., of
materials for speaking and writing, silva rerum,
Cic ; omnis ubertas et quasi silva dicendi, Cic.
(slluae, trisyll. in Hor.).
Silvanus -), m. (silva), a Latin god of forests
and the country; plur., Silvani, gods of the forests
and the country.
silvaticus -a -um (silva), 1, cfov relating U>
a forest or wood, Varr.; 2, of plants and animals,
wild, Plin.
silvesco, 3. (silva), of a vine, to run wild, to
run to wood, Cic.
Silvester -trig -tore and gen. silvestris -e
(silva). I. belonging to a wood or forest; a,
covered with trees, wooded, woody ; collis, Caes. ;
locus, Cic. ; subst., silvestria -lum, u. voudy
places; b. living or being in the woods; belua,
Cic; homines, Hor.; cursns, Cic II. Transf.,
A. grou'ing vrild, wild; oliva, Ov. B. rural,
pastoral ; Musa, Verg.
Silvia, v. 1. P.hen.
silvlcola -ae, c. (silva and colo), an inhabit-
ant of the woods, Verg.
sUvicultrix -tricis, f. (silva and colo), in-
habiting the woods, Cat.
silvifragus -a -um (silva and frango), shat-
tering the. woods, Lucr.
silviger -gSra -gerum (silva and gero),,
wooded, covered with forests; montes, Plin.
Silvosus -a -um (silva), well wooded, abound-
ing in forests ; saltns, Liv.
Simbruvium -ii, n. a district in the country
of the Aequi. Hence, Simbrumus -a -um,
relating to Simbruvium.
simia -ae, f. and simius -i, m. (simus), an
ape, monkey, Cic. ; used as a term of abuse of
men, simius iste, Hor.
simila -ae, f. the finest wheaten flour, Mart.
SimilagO = simila (q.v.).
similis -e (connected with simul, simulare),
like, resembling, similar; a, with genit. (nearly
always so in Cicero when used of persons) fratris,
hominis, Cic. ; simile veri, Cic. ; non est vcii
simile ut Occident, Cic ; mihi minus simile veri
visum est, with ace. and infill., Liv.; coiiipar.,
veri similius, Liv.; siiniliorcs Atticorum, Cic;
superl., simillimum veri, Cic; b, with dat,
si similes Icilio tribu'nos haberet, Liv. ; quid
simile habet epistola aut judicio aut eontioni,
Cic; com par., similius id vero fecit, Liv.;
superb, simillimus «leo, Cic; c, with dat. and
genit. together, similis illi . . . similis deorum,
Cic. ; d, with inter se, homines inter se ouuni
forma turn moribUS similes, Cic; e, foil. by
atque, ut si, tamquam si, Cic; f, absol., animus,
Cic. Subst., simile -is, n. a resemblance, Cic
similiter, adv. (similis), in like manner,
similarly ; foil, by atque, nt si, Cic.
Similitudo -Inis, f. (similis), likeness, simili-
tude, resemblance. I. 1, gen., est inter ipsos
similitudo, Cic; est homini cum den similitudo,
Cic; veri similitudo, probability, Cic; plur.,
similitudines, concr., similar things, Cic; 2,
esp., a, likeness in a portrait, Cic; b, (i meta-
phor, simile, Cic II. Transf., 1, a comparison,
similitude, Cic ; 2, uniformity, Cic.
similo = simulo (q.v.).
simlolus -i, m. (dim. of simius), a little ape
(of a man), Cic
simitu, adv., old form of simul (q.v.).
SimoiS -moentis, m. (St^nei?), a small stream
in Troas, falling into the Scamander.
Slmonldes -is, m. (^.Lti^viS^), a lyric poet
of Cos. Adj., SImonldeus -a -um, Simonidrnm
simplex -pllcis (sim = simple, cf. sincerus,
and plex, from plico), simple, uncompounded,
unmixed. I. Lit., a, natura aniniantis, Cic. ;
aqua, pure, Ov.; jus, Hor.; b, single, one ; sim-
plici ordine urbein intrare, Liv. ; plus vice siin-
p\\ci, more than once, Hor. II. Transf., A. a,
jilain, simple, not complicated; causa, Cic; genus
sim
525
sin
mortis, without torture, Liv. ; necessitudo, un-
conditional, Cic. ; b, natural, simple ; ratio
veritatis, Cic. B. Esp., morally simple, straight-
forward, upright, guileless; alliums apertus ac
simplex, Cic.
simplicitas -atis, f. (simplex). I. simplicity,
simplencss, Lucr. II. moral simplicity, straight-
forwardness, guilelessness, honesty, candour;
pucrilis, Liv. ; sermo antiquae simplicitatis,
Liv.
slmpliciter, adv. (simplex). I. a, plainly,
straightforwardly, directly ; defendere, Cic. ;
seiitentiam referre, Cic; b, simply, without art,
artlessly; loqui, Cic. II. Esp., frankly, candidly,
honestly, Tac
simplus -a -um (inrXovs), simple. Subst.,
simplum -i, n. that which is single (opp.
dupluin), Cic.
simpulum -i, n. a ladle; prov., excitare
finctus ill siinpulo, to make a storm in a tea-cup,
to make much ado about nothing, Cic.
simpuvium -ii, n. a sacrificial vessel, Cic.
simul (archaic semiil),adv. (connected with
o^o), ui once, at tlie same time as. I. Gen., a,
absol., venire, Cic; simul comnionefacere,
Caes. ; b, with cum, testamentum simul obsig-
navi cum Clodio, Cic ; c, with et, que, atque,
simul et ostendi, Cic. ; simul inflatus exacer-
batusque, Liv. ; simul honoribus atque vir-
tutibus, Liv.; d, with abl., simul septemviris,
Tac. ; simul his dictis, Very. II. Special
phrases. A. simul . . . simul, not only . . . but at
the same time, partly . . . partly {apa. ^iv . . .
aixa Si) ; increpaiido simul tenieritatem, simul
ignaviam, Liv.; foil, by ut or lie and subj., by
quod and indie or subj., simul sui puigandi
causa, simul ut, etc., Caes. B. simulatque(sim-
ulac), as soon as ; a, simulatque cognitum est,
Cic; b, with ut, simul ut experrecti suiuus.Cic;
C, simul alone (as a conj.), simul intlavit tibicen,
Cic. C. (Like Gr. ii^a) with partic pres. , simul
hoc dicens, while saying this, Verg.
Simulacrum -i, n. (from simulo, as lava-
crmn from lavo), an image, likeness, portrait,
effigy. I. Lit., 1, a, oppidorum, Cic. ; Helenae,
Cic ; b, a doll; simulacra cerea, Ov.; 2, a re-
flection in a mirror, a sluidow, visioji in a dream
or seen in fancy ; a, a reflection in a mirror
or in water, Lucr. ; b, a shade, ghost, Ov. ; c, a
vision in a dream; vana (noctis), Ov. ; d, t. t.
of the Epicurean philosophy, a conception of an
object in the mind, Lucr. ; e, the recollection of a
thing, Cic. ; 3, transf. , in a discourse, a cluiracter-
pkture, Liv. II. Fig., as opposed to what is
real, 1, a mere image, imitation ; simulacra vir-
tutis, Cic ; 2, esp., a, a pluintom, appearance ;
religionis, Cic ; b, a shade, ghost (of something
lost) ; auspiciorum, Cic.
simulamen -luis, n. (simulo), an imitation,
Ov.
Simulans -antis, p. adj. (from simulo), only
in conipar., imitating, imitative; simulantior
vocum ales, the parrot, Ov.
simulate, adv. (simulatus), in appearance,
feignedly, Cic.
simulatio -onis, f. (simulo), the assumed
appearance of anything, pretence, feint, simula-
tion, false show; imitatio simulatioque virtutis,
Cic ; agere cum simulatione timoris, Cic. ;
absol., simulatio ficta, Cic.
Simulator -5ris, in. (simulo). I. an imi-
tator ; figurae, Ov. II. Transf., a hypocritical
imitator, hypocrite, counterfeiter, feigner ; seg-
nitiae, Tac. ; cuius rei libet simulator ac dis-
simulator, Cic. ; simulator in omni oratione,
fj master in irony, Cic,
Simulo, 1. (similis), to make like. I. Lit.,
A. Gen., Minerva simulata Mentori, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, to present, represent ; cuprcssuin, Hor. ;
2, to imitate ; niinbos, Verg. ; Catonein, Hor.
II. Transf., to put on the appearance of, simulate,
feign, counterfeit; simulare gaudia vultu, Ov. ;
lacrimas, Ov. ; negotia, Sail. ; aegruni, to play
the part of a sick man, Liv.; aliud agentes, aliud
simulantes, Cic; with ace and infill., so furere,
Cic; poet., with intiii. alone, simulat Jove natus
abire, Ov. ; absol., non sui commodi^ causa
simulare, Cic. Esp., partic, simulatus
-a -um, feigned, counterfeit; nee simulatum
quidquam potest esse diurnum, nothing counter-
feit can be Listing, Cic.
simultas -atis, f. (= similitas, as facultas
= facilitas), enmity towards some one who is like
us, rivalry, jealousy, feud, animosity, dissension,
hatred; a, sing., simultatem deponere, Cic;
b, plur. , simultates exercere cum aliquo, Cic ;
simultates dirimere, Cic.
simulus -a -um (dim. of simus), a little pug-
nosed, somewhat snub-nosed, Lucr.
simus -a -um (triads), Jkd-nosed, pug-nosed,
snub-nosed, Verg.
Sin, conj. but if, if however. I. With pre-
ceding particle, si, nisi, if . . . but if, Cic. ; si
. . . sin aliter, Cic. ; si . . . sin autem, Cic. ; sin
minus, sin aliter, sin secus, ellipt., but if not, if
on the contrary, Cic. II. Without preceding
particle, Cic. ; strengthened, sin autem, Cic.
sinapi, indecl. n. and sinapis -is, ace.
-iin, abl. -e and gen. -i, f. {viva-m), mustard,
Plin.
Sincere, adv. (sincerus), honestly, frankly,
sincerely ; loqui, Cic. ; pronuntiare, Caes.
sinceritas -atis, f. (sincerus). I. purity,
freedom from adulteration, clearness, Plin. II.
u}irightness, integrity, Phaedr.
sincerus -a -um (from sin = simple and
cerus, connected with cresco, cf. procerus =
simply grown). I. pure, unmixed, uiuululteraled,
genuine; a, lit., secernere fucata et simulata
a sinceris atque veris, Cic ; genae, Ov. ; b,
transf., upright, honourable, sincere; nihil sin-
ceri, Cic: tides, Liv. II. pure; 1, sound,
healthy; a, lit., corpus, Ov. ; sincerum in-
tegrumque conserva, Cic; b, transf., inu'ii-
jured, undestroyed ; Minerva, Ov. ; judicium,
Cic ; 2, unmixed, pure, mere ; a, lit., proelium
equestre, Liv.; b, tig., voluptas, Cic; gaudium,
Liv.
sinciput -pitis, n. (for semi wiput). I. ludf
a head ; esp., the smokeil chap of a pig, Juv. II.
Meton., the brain, Plaut.
sindon -6nis, f. (o-iv&ujv), fine cotton cloth,
muslin, Mart.
sine, prep, with abb, without (opp. cum),
semper ille ante cum uxore, turn sine ea, Cic. ;
sine dubio, Cic. ; sine ulla dubitatione, without
doubt, Cic ; sometimes placed after its case,
vitiis nemo sine nascitur, Hor.
singillariter, adv. (singulus), singly, Lucr.
singillatim (singulatlm), adv. (siugu-
lus), singly, one by one, Cic.
singularis -e (singuli), belonging to single
persons or things. I. Lit., A. gen., a, single,
individual; ubi'aliquos siugulares ex nave egredi
conspexerant, Caes. ; non est singulare nee soli-
vagum genus hoc, Cic; b, relating to an individ-
ual; iinperium, potentia, absolute rule, Cic. B.
Esp.,l,grammat. t. t., singular, belonging to the
singular number, Quint. ; 2, subst., singulares
-ium, m. a select body of life-guards \n the tm»
perial service, Tac. II. Fig., single in its kind,
distinguished, eminent, singular, imigite, extr<t>-
sin
520
Sip
ordinary ; a, in a good sense, iiigenio atque
nuimo singulares, Cic. ; Pompeii singularis ex-
imiaque virtus, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, excep-
tional ; nequitia, Cic.
singularlter, adv. (singularis). I. singly ;
a, Luer.; b, in the singular number. Quint. IL
Transf., particularly, singularly, extraordinarily ;
aliquem diligere, Cic.
singularius -a -um (singularis), single;
catenae, once twisted (or one pound in weight),
Plaut,
singulatim = singillatim (q.v.).
siuguli, v. singulus.
singultim, adv. (singultus), in sobs ; transf.
ssstamtneringly ; pauca loqui, Hor.
Singultio, 4. (singultus). I. to hiccough,
Plin. II. to throb, Pers.
singulto, 1. (singultus). I. Intransit, to
\iccough, to sob, Quint. ; of dying persons, to
rattle in the throat, Verg. II. Transit., to sob
out, gasp out ; aniniaiu, Ov.
singultus -us. m. (singuli). I. Keeping,
sobbing; a, of persons, singultuqne pias inter-
runipente querellas, Ov. ; multas lacrimas et
fletum cum singultu videre potuisti, Cic. ; b, of
persons dying, rattling in the throat, Verg. II,
Of similar sounds, the croaking of a raven, the
gurgling of water, Plin.
singulus -a -um, more freq. in plur.,
singuli -ae -a (from siin = semel, singly, as
simplex). I. single, a single person or thing,
one alone; a, sing., singulum vestigium, Plaut.;
b, plur., frequentes an pauei an singuli, Cic.
II. Distributive, one each; legiones Bingulas
posuit Brundisii, Tarenti, etc., one legion at
Ernndisium,oneut Tarentum, Cic; flliae singulos
tilios habentes, Liv.
Sinis -is, m. (SiVis, i.e., lie that injures), a
' robber on the isthmus of Corinth, killed by Theseus.
sinister -tra -tram, left, on the left hand. I.
Lit., A^ Adj., nianus, Nep.; ripa, Hor.; compar.,
sinisterior -us, rota, Ov. B. Subst., 1,
sinistra -ae, f. a, the left hand, Caes. ; used in
stealing, uatae ad furta sinistrae, Ov. ; b, the
lift side; dextra sinistra, Cic. ; sub sinistra,
Caes. ; 2, sinistrl -ovum, in. the left wing of a
line of battle, Liv. II. 1, awkward, wrong, jicr-
verse; mores, Verg.; 2, unfavourable, ajlverse ;
signa, Ov. ; notus pecori sinister, Verg. ; 3, t.t.
of augury, a, amongst the Romans, who, turning
towards the sontb, had the east on the left,
favourable ; tonitrns, Ov. ; b, among the Gieeks,
who, turning towards the north, had the east on
the right, unfavourable; omeu, Ov.
Sinisteritas -atis, f. (sinister), left-handed-
ness, awkwardness, Plin.
sinistrd, adv. (sinister), unfavourably, un-
propitiously; excipere, Hor. ; rescribere, Tao.
sinistrorsus (sinistrorsum), adv. (for
sinistroversus, sinistroversum), on the left hand,
Caes., Hor.
smo, sivi, sltum, 3. lit., to place, put Sown,
to set down; only used in this sense in the partic
situs, and in the compound pono (= posino) ; in
the finite verb only transf., to permit, allow,
suffer. I. Gen., a, with ace. and infin , vinum ad
se importari omnino non sinunt, Caes. ; nos
transalpinas gentes oleam et vitem serere non
siuimus, Cic; in pass., with nom. and infin., hie
accusare eum moderate per scnatus auctori-
tatem non est situs, Cic. ; b, with subj. alone,
sine pascat aretque, Hor. ; c, with ace, sinite
arma yiris, Verg.; d, absol., non feram, non
patiar, non sinam, Cic. II. Esp., A. In con-
versation, sine, let = may; tenant sine litora
ductus, Verg. ; or simply sine, good, be it so,
Plaut. B. lie di sinant (smut), nc Juppiter
sirit, God forbid, Liv. (perf. tenses syncop.,
sisti, sistis, siris, sirit, siritis ; pluperf., sissut
and sissent). Hence, situs -a -um. I. Panic,
placed, laid down; 1, gen., Plaut.; 2, esp.. a,
built; Philippopolis a Philippo sita, Liv.; b,
buried; C. Marii sitae reliquiae apud Anienem,
Cic. II. P. Adj. == lying, situate. A. Lit, 1,
gen., lingua in ore sita est, Cic; 2, esp., cl
places, situate; locus situs in media insula, Cic
B. Fig., 1, gen., voluptates in medio sitas esse
dictmt, Cic. ; 2, esp., situm esse in aliqua re or
in aliquo, to rest upon, depend upon ; assensio
quae est in nostra potestate sita, Cic
Sinopa -ae, f. and Sinope -es. f. (Zivunrj).
I. a town in Paphlagonia oh the Black Sea, a
colony from Miletus, birth-place of the cynic
Diogenes, now Sinap. Sina.be, Sinub. Hence, A.
Sinopensis -e, beloiiging to Sinope. B. Si-
nopeus -Si, m. (^ii'ioTrciis), the Sinopian;
Cynicus, Diogenes, Ov. C. Sinopis -idis, f. a
kind of red ochre, found near Sinope. II. a
Greek town in Latium, afterwards called Sinuessa
(q.v.).
Sinuessa -ae, f. (2iw>ve<r<Ta or So-uccrcru), a
town in Latium, formerly called Sinope, colonised
by Romans, the neighbourhood of which was
famous for its wine and warm baths. Adj : ,
Sinuessanus -a -um, of or belonging to Sinu-
essa.
sinum, v. 1. sinus.
sinuo, 1.(2. sinus), to bend, curve ; fcerga,Verg.;
arcum, Ov. ; pass, as middle, muri introrsus
sinuati, bent inwards, Tac ; serpens siuuatur in
arcus, Ov.
Sinuosus -a ■ um (2. sinus). I. full of wind-
ings, headings, curves, sinuous; vestis, Ov. ;
flcxus (anguis), Verg. II. Fig., of discourse,
diffuse, digressive, Quint.
1. sinus -i, m. and sinu:;; i, n. a large bowl,
a basin, Verg.
2. sinus -Us, m. a bending, curve, fold. I.
Gen., of the windings of a snake, Cic ; of the
curls of hair, Ov. ; the fold of a garment, sinu
ex toga facto, Liv. ; the belly of a sail swollen by
the wind; sinus implere secundos, Verg.; pleno
pandere vela sinu, Ov. ; cedendo simini in medio
dedit, formal a curve, Liv. II. Esp., A. the
lap ; 1, lit., a, sinum implere floribus, Ov. ; b,
the hanging fold of the toga, the bosom, lap ;
litteras in sinu ponere, Liv.; optatum negotium
sibi in sinum delatum esse dicebat, Cic. ; in
sinu gaudere, to rejoice in secret, Cic. ; 2, meton.,
a garment; indue regales sinus, Ov. ; 3, a, the
bosom; hence, love, affection, affectionate pro-
tection; in sinu est nieo, is my darling, Cic ; in
sinu gestare, to hold dear, Cic ; b, the inmost
part of anything, the heart; in sinu urbis sunt
hostes, Sail. B. a bay, gulf; a, lit., maritimus,
Cic. ; b, meton., land on a bay or gulf, Liv.
C. a chasm in the earth, Liv. (dat. and abl.
plur., always sinibus).
siparium -ii, n. (dim. of siparum = sup-
parum). I. a drop-scene at a theatre; a, lit.,
Cic; b, meton. = comedy, Juv. II. a curtain
to exclude the sun, Quint.
Sipho(sipo) -onis, in. (cri<f>cui'), a siphon, Juv.
Sipontum -i, n. (Sin-oOs), an important
harbour in Apulia, now Maria de Siponto. Adj.,
Sipontinus -a -um, Sipontine.
siptacboras -ae, m. an Indian tree, supposed
to yield amber, Plin.
Sipylus -i, m. (Si'irvAos), a mountain in
Lydia, u-here, according to the legend, Xiobe was
turned into stone.
siq
527
sme
slquando, adv. if ever, Cic
slquidem. conj. I. if indeed, Cic. II.
since, because, Cic.
siraeum -i, n. (<npcuoi<) = sapa (q.v.).
siremps and sirempse (similis re ipsa),
the same; sirempse legem, Plaut.
Siren -enis, f., usually plur., Sirenes -urn,
f. (Seipiji-ey), the Sireiis, birds with the faces of
■women, on the coast of Southern Italy, who by their
song lured mariners to destruction. Sirenum
scopuli, three small rocky islands on the south-
west coast of Campania, between Surrentum and
Capreae ; transf., vitanda est improba Siren,
desidia, Hor.
siriasis -is, f. (o-eipiWis), a disease in child-
ren, caused by excessive heat, Plin.
sirius -ii, in. (o-et'pios), the dogstar, Verg. ;
poet, attrib., sirius ardor, of the dogstar, Verg.
sirpea and sirpia, v. scirpeus.
sirpiculus = seirpiculus (q.v.).
sirpus = scirpus (q.v.).
sir as -i, m. (creipds), a pitor cellar for keeping
corn, a silo, Plin.
Sis = si vis, v. 1. volo. .
Sisapo -oni.s, f. a town in Hisixinia Baetica,
near which were gold-mines, now Guadalcanal.
Si senna -ae, m. I. L. Cornelius, a famous
Roman orator and historian, contemporary of
Cicero. II. a notorious slanderer in Rome in the
time of Horace.
siser -eris, n. (<ri<rapoi'), a plant with an,
alible root (Sium sisarum, Linn.), Plin.
sisto, stiti and steti, statuni, 3. (redu-
plication of sto). I. Transit., A. to cause to
stand, put, place ; 1, aciem in litore, Verg.;
alicui jaculuin in ore, to hit on the mouth, Verg. ;
2, esp., a, legal t. t., sistere se or aliquein, to
produce, cause to appear before a court of justice,
Cic; vadimonium sistere, to appear on the <tp-
pointed day, Cic. ; b, to erect ; efflgiem, Tac. B.
1, tostop, bring to a stand, check ; a, lit.,legioncs,
Liv. ; equos, Verg. ; pedem or gradum, Verg. ;
b, fig., querelas, lacrimas, Ov. ; fugam, Liv. ;
2, to make firm, settle firmly, establish ; rem
Roiiianam, Verg. II. Intransit., A. to stand;
1, gen., Plaut. ; 2, esp., to appear, present one-
self in court, Cic. B. to stand Still, to halt ; 1,
lit., ubi sistere detur, Verg.; 2, to stand firm;
reuipublicam sistere negat posse, Cic; impers. ,
vix concordia sisti posse, one cannot hold out,
one can stand it no longer, Liv. ; partic, status
-a -uw, fixed, determined, recurring periodically ;
dies, Liv. ; saerincium, Cic.
sistratUS -a -um (sistrum), furnished with a
sistrum, Mart.
sistrum -i, n. (o-elo-rpov), a sort of rattle used
i)L the worship of Isis, Ov.
sisymbrium -Ii, n. ((no-vp.ppi.ov), an aro-
matic herb sacred to Venus ; perhaps, mini, Ov.
Sisyphus (-os) -i, m. (2i<rucpos), a son of
Aeolus, brotlier of Salmoneus, a king of Corinth,
a cunning robber, killed by Tlieseus, coiulemned
in the lower world to roll up hill a great stone
which constantly fell back. Hence, A. Adj.,
SlsyphlUS -a -um, a, o/or relating to Sisyphus,
Prop. ; sanguine cretus Sisypliio, Ulysses, Ov. ;
b, Corinthian, Ov. B. Subst, Sisypludes
-ae, in. Ulysses, said to be the son of Sisyphus.
sitanius -a -um (cnj-rai'tos), of this year, this
year's, Plin.
Sltella -ae, f. (dim. of situla), an urn, used
for drawing lots, Liv., Cic
Sithon -onis, in. (^.iduv), son of Neptune,
kino in the Thracian Cliersonese. .Hence, A.
Sitiiqri -5nis, Sithonian ; poet. = Thracian.
B. Sitbonis -Idis, f., subst., a Thracian
woman, Ov. C. Sithonius -a -um, Silhonian,
Thracian; subst., Sithonii -orum, in. the
Thmcians, Hor.
siticulosus -a -um (sitis), very dry, parched,
Hor.
sitiens, v. sitio.
sitienter, adv. (sitiens), thirstily, greedily,
eagerly ; expetere, Cic.
sitio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. (sitis), to thirst, be
thirsty. I. Intransit., A. 1, lit., Cic. ; prov.,
sitire inediis in uudis, to starve in the midst of
plenty, Ov.; 2, trausf., a, of plants, the soil, etc.,
to be dry, parched; sitiuut agri, Cic. ; tellus, Ov.;
b, to suffer from heat, to oe situated in a hot
climate; Afri sitientes, Verg. B. Fig., to be
eager; partic, sitiens, thirsting, eager; eo
gravida avidiusque sitiens, Cic. ; fac venias ad
sitientes aures, languishing for news, Cic. II.
Transit. , to thirst for something. A. Lit, Tagum,
Mart.; pass., aquae sitiuutur, Ov. B. Fig., to
thirst after, eagerly desire; sanguinem, Cic;
honores, Cic. ; partic, sitiens, with genit., vir-
tutis, Cic.
sitis -is, f. thirst. I. 1, lit., arentibus siti
faucibus, Liv.; sitim colligeve, to feel thirst, Ov.,
to cause thirst, Verg.; sitim explere, Cic, ex-
stinguere, Ov., restinguere, Cic, depellere, Cic;
2, transf., of the earth or of plants, dryness,
drought; deserta siti regio, Verg. II. Fig.,
thirst, eager desire; libertatis, Cic; argenti,
Hor.
Sltitor -oris, in. (sitio), one who thirsls, a
thirster, Mart.
sittybos (sittiibos) -i, plur., sittyboe, m.
(o-ittu/3os = criTTvpov), a strip of parchment on
which the title of a book was written, Cic.
situla -ae, f. and sitiilus -i, in. a, a small
urn for drawing water, Plant.; b, an um used in
drawing lots, Plaut.
1. situs -a -um, v. sino.
2. situs -us, m. (sino). I. the place, site,
sitiuUion of anything; 1, lit., loci, urbis, Cic;
plur., situs oppidoruin, castrorum, Caes. ; ter-
rarum, Cic ; 2, meton., a, situation = building ;
nionuinentum regali situ pyramidam altius.
Hor. ; b, a region of the earth, zone, quarter,
Plin. II. A. 1, lit, situ durescere ciinpuin,
rest, Verg.; 2, meton., a, want of cultivation ;
cessat terra situ, Ov.; b, rust, mould, dirt caused
by remaining in one place; oecupat arma situs,
Tib.; canescunt tccta situ, Ov.; c,jilti<inessoftlie
body.Ov. B. Fig., otthumind, rusting, dulncss,
weakness; marcescere otio situque civitateui,
Liv. ; seuectus victa situ, Ov.
sive and seu, conj. I. or if; si omnes de-
clinabunt, sive aliae declinabunt, Cic. ; me, seu
corpus spoliatum lumine maris, redde meis,
Verg. II. With a disjunctive sense ; a, doubled,
sive . . . sive, seu . . . seu, whether . . . or, if . . .
or if; sive tu medicuni adhibueris (fut. perf.)sive
non adhibueris (fut. perf.), Cic. ; sive fecisset sive
voluisset, Cic ; sive deus sive natura ademerat,
Cic. ; sive casu, sive consilio deorum, Caes. ; in
the same sense, sive . . . seu, Verg., Liv. ; seu
. . . sive, Verg. ; repeated several times, sive . . .
sive . . . sive, Cic. ; with other disjunct, par-
ticles, seu . . . aut, Verg. ; withMuterrog. par-
ticles, -ne . . . seu, Verg. ; sive . . . au, Tac. ; b,
or; regis Philippi sive Persae, Cic.
smaragdus -i, m. and f. (viidpay&os), an
emerald, Lucr. .
smecticus -a -um ((t^ki-hcos), cleaiising,
cleaning; vis, Plin,
sme
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sod
smegma -atis, n. ((Tpfjyua), a meant of
cleaning, detergent, Plin.
smilax -acis, f. (aniAo!). I. bindweed, Plin.
II. Smilax, a maiden changed into the plant, of
the same name, Ov.
Srninthous -6\, m. (SMiffleu?), a surname of
Apollo, either from <rfitV0o? (in Cretan = mouse),
the. mouse-killer, or from Smintha (i^ui'St)), a
town in the Trojan country.
1. Smyrna -ae, f. (a-fivpua), myrrh, Lucr.
2. Smyrna -ae, f. (Sfiupra), a famous trading
toivn in Ionia, one of the places where Homer was
said to have been born. Hence, Smyrnaeus
-a -uin, of or belonging to Smyrna.
smyrrhiza = myrrha, myrrhis (q.v.).
so boles, soboleseo = suboles, subolesco
(q.v.).
sobrie, adv. (sobrius). L moderately, fru-
nalli/, soberly; vivere, Cic. II. prudently, care-
fully, Plant.
sobrletas -atis, f. (sobrius), moderation in
drinking, sobriety, Sen.
sobrlna -ae, f. (sobrinus), a cousin on the
mother's side, Tac.
sobrinus -i, m. (for Bororinus, from soror),
a cousin on the mother's side, Cie.
sobrius -a -um (perhaps =se-ebrius, as socors
= secors), sober, not intoxicated. I. a, lit., of
persons, Cie.; b, meton., of inanimate things,
lympha, Tib.; nox, Prop. II. 1, transf., moderate,
frugal, continent; homines plane frugi ac sobrii,
Cic. ; 2, fig., sober-minded, prudent, reasonable,
cautious; orator, homo, Cic.
soccatus -a -um (soccus), wearing the saccus,
Sen.
socculus -i, m. (dim. of soccus), a little
soccus, Plin.
SOCCUS -i, m. (<7u<c,\ l 's> trvyxi'?), a light shoe or
slipper in use among the Greeks, Cic. ; esp., the
soccus or low shoe worn by comic actors (as the
cothurnus was worn by tragic actors) ; hence,
meton., a, comedy, Hor. ; b, comic style, Hor.
Socer -Sri, m. (exvpos), a father-in-law, Cic;
plur., soceri, the father- and mother-in-law, Liv.
socera = socrus (q.v.).
socia -ae, f., v. socius.
sociabllis -e (socio), sociable, easily united
or joined together ; consortio inter rego.s, Liv.
socialls -e (socius). I. social, sociable ; homo
sociale animal, Sen. II. Esp., A. conjugal ;
amor, Ov. B. of or relating to allies, allied;
exercitus, Liv. ; bellum, the Social War, Nep. ;
lex, Cic.
socialiter, adv. (socialis), sociably, Hor.
sociennus -i, in. (socius), a companion, com-
rade, Plant.
societas -atis, f. (socius). I. society, com-
pany, comyianionship, fellowship, association;
honunum inter ipsoa, Cic. ; vitae, Cic; regni,
Liv. ; sceleris, Cic ; societatem coire, statuere,
inire.conllare, Cic; venire in societatem laudum
nlicuius, Cic. II. Esp., 1, commercial partner-
ship; a, societatem facere, Cic, gerere, Cic;
.judicium societatis, relating to partnership, Cic. ;
b, the partnership or company >f the publicani to
farm the taxes of the provinces ; Bithyuica, Cic;
2, a political alliance between states ; societatem
belli facere, Cic.
SOCIO, 1. (socius). I. to unite, combine, assoc-
iate, share; vim rerum cum dicendi exercita-
tione, Cic ; vitae suae periculum cum aliquo, to
risk one's life with any one, Cic ; sangninem (of
relationship), Liv.; of things, omne genus homin-
um sociatum inter se esse, Cic; no* nrbe, domo
socias, givest vs a share in, Verg. II. Esp., to
accomplish in company with others ; sociati parte
laboris fungi, Ov.
sociofraudus -i, in. (socius and fraudo),
one who cheats a comrade, Plant.
socius -a -um (from sequor, or else connected
with sodalis). I. taking part, sharing in; Bllbst.
—acompaniuH, comrade, associate, partner, sharer;
socii penates, Ov. ; socius regni, fellow regent,
Cic; socius periculorum, Cic; belli, Cic.jainent-
iae, Cic. ; nocte sociil, under the shelter of night,
Cie. II. Esp., 1, of relationship, socius san-
guinis, a brother, Ov. ; 2, of marriage, socius
tori, a husband, Ov. ; socia tori, Ov., and simply
socia, Sail., a wife; 3, allied, confederate ; socii
Carthaginiensium populi, Liv. ; classis socia,
Ov. ; subst., socius -li, m. on ally; huic
populo socii fuerunt, Cic; Socii, the Italian
nations beyond the boundaries of Latium in
alliance with the Romans, the allies; Socii et
Latini, Cic ; Socii Latini noniinis, the Latin
allies, Liv.; 4, in relation to trade, a, a part-
ner ; judicium pro socio, a judgment in a part-
nership suit, Cic ; pro socio danmari, to be con-
demned Jor defrauding apr-rtner, Cic; b, socii =
the company o/ publicani for the purpose of farm-
ing the taxes, Cic (genit. plur., socium, Liv.,
Verg.).
socordia -ae, f. (socors). I. stupidity, folly,
weakness of intellect, 'Vac. II. carelessness, negli-
gence, indolence, inactivity, Liv.
socorditer, adv. only in compar. (socors),
lazily, slothfully , carelessly ; ab Albanis socordius
res acta, Liv.
socors -cordis (se and cor). I. weak-minded,
stupid, silly, Cic. II. negligent, careless, sloth-
ful, inactive, Sail.
so era = socrus (q.v.).
Socrates -is, m. (2iukp<£tt)?), the famous
Athenian philosopher, contemporary of Xenophon
and. Alcibiades, put to death on a charge of im-
piety and of corrupting the youth by his teaching.
Adj., Socraticus -a -um, Socratic; chartae,
philosophy, Hor. Plnr. subst., Socratici
-6rmn, m. the pupils and followers of Socrates.
socrus -us, f. (zKvpa), a mother-in-law, Cic.
sodalicius -a -um (sodalis), of or relit : '->
companionship. I. Adj., jure sodalicio, Ov. ..i.
Subst., sodalicium -ii, n. A. comradeship,
intimacy, Cat. B. In a bad sense, a secret
society ; lex Licinia quae est de sodaliciis, Cic.
sodalis -e, relating to comradeship. I. Adj.,
turba, Ov. II. Subst., sodalis -is, m. A. a
comrade, intimate associate, companion, mate,
friend; 1, lit., Cic. ; 2, transf., a, of things, a
companion, attendant on; sodalis hiemis (of the
Hebrus), Hor.; b, a sharer with = resembling ;
sodalis istius erat in hoc inorbo, Cic. B. lisp.,
1, a table companion, a boon-companion, Cic. ;
2, a member of a club, association, corporal".,} ;
a, in a good sense, of a college of priests, sibi
in Lnpercis BOdalem esse, cic. ; esp. of the
priests of the deified emperor, sodalcs August-
ales, Tac.; b, in a bad sense, a member of a secret
and illegal society, Cic (abl., sodali, Cic).
sodalitas -atis, f. (sodalis). I. companion-
ship, intimate, association; oliicia sodalitatis
familial itatisquc, Cic. ; homo sununa sodalitate,
Cic. II. Esp., 1, a club for feasting, Plin., Cic. ;
2, a chib, association ; a, in a good sense, a
religions brotherhood ; quaedam sodalitas Luper-
corum, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, a secret, illegal
society, Cic
sodes (f'>r si ancles), pray, if you please, with
your leave, prithee ; jube sodes nummos curari,
Cie. ; me, S9des (so. relinque), Hor.
?,1
sol
529
sol
' SOl, solis, m. the sun. I. A. Lit., 1, sol
praecipitans, inclining towards evening, Cic. ;
supremo sole, at evening, Hot. ; sol mihi excid-
isse e mundo videtur, Cic; prov., nonduin
omnium dierum sol occidit, the sun has not yet
set for ever, Liv. ; 2, as a proper name, Bol, the
sun-god, (he Phoebus of the Greeks, father of
Phaethon, Pasiphae, Circe; filia Solis, Pasiphae,
Ov. B. Meton., 1, the light, warmth, heat of
the sun; plur., soles often = sunny days; sol
liimiiis, Ov. ; nmbulare in sole, Cic.; hence, of
work done iu the sun (opp. to umbra), a, milit-
ary service; cedat umbra (i.e., jurisprudent)
soli, Cic. ; b, appearance in public; procedere
iu solera et publicum, Cic; 2, the day; ties
soles erramus, Verg. II. Fig., the sun, of dis-
tinguished persons, P. Africanus sol alter, Cic ;
solera Asiae Brutum appellat, Hor.
solacium = solatium (q.v.).
solamen -inis, n. (solor), a means of consola-
tion, comfort, Verg.
solarium -i, n. the plant nightshade, Plin.
Solaris -e (sol), of or relating to the sun,
solar; lumen, Ov.
solarium -li, n. (sol). A. a sundkd, Plaut. ;
a much frequented place in the forum, where a
sundial stood; non ad solarium versatus est,
Cic. B. a balcony, terrace exposed to the sun,
Plant.
solatiolum -i, n. (dim. of solatium), a small
consolation, Cat.
solatium (sdlacium) -ii, n. (solor), a con-
solation, comfort, solace, relief. I. 1, lit., servi-
tuti.s, Cic. ; solatium atferre or praebere, Cic. ;
absenti magna solatia dedisse, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
a, a means of help, refuge in need ; annonae,
Cic. ; b, amends, compensation, Tac. II. Meton.,
= a consoler; aves, solatia runs, Ov.
solator -oris, m. (solor), a consoler, comforter,
Tib.
solatus -a :Uin (sol), sun-struck, Plin.
SOldurii -orum, m. (a Celtic word), retainers,
vassals, Caes.
soldus = solidus (q.v.).
Bolea -ae, f. (solum). I. a leather sole strapped
on the foot, a sandal ; soleas poscere (after dinner),
Hor. II. Transf., a, a species of clog or fetter,
Cic. ; b, a kind of shoe for animals, not nailed
on, like our horse-shoes, but tied on, Cat. ; c, a
fish, the sole, Ov.
SOleariUS -ii, m. (solea), a sandal-maker,
Plaut.
SOleatUS -a -um (solea), wearing sandals, Cic
solen -enis, m. (awXiji-), a species of mussel,
the razor-fish, Pliu.
solennis, solennitas = sollemnis, etc. (q.v.).
soleo, solitus sum, 2. to be accustomed, be
used, be wont; with infin., mentiri, Cic; ut
soleo, ut solet (sc. facere), as is my custom, Cic. ;
ut solet (sc. fieri), as is the custom, Cic.
solers, solertia = sollers, sollertia (q.v.).
Soli (Soloe) -5rum, m. (26Aoi)> a town in
Vilicia, a Greek colony, native place of the Stoic
Chrysippus, of Menander, and of the astronomer
Aratus.
solide, adv. (solidus). I. firmly, densely,
solidly, Col. IL surely, certainly ; aliquid scire,
Plaut.
solidipes -pSdis (solidus and pes), not divid-
ing the hoofs, having undivided hoofs, Plin.
solidltas -atis, f. (solidus), solidity; nee dii
habent ullam soliditatem nee eminentiam, Cic.
solido, 1. (solidus). I. a, to make dense,
solid ; aream creta, Verg. ; b, to make firm ;
muros, Tac. II. Transf., to join together, as
make whole, Plin.
solidus -a -um (Gr. oAos), dense, firyi^ solid.
I. Lit., gen., a, paries, Cic; subst, solidum
-i, n., (a) firm ground, Ov.; (fi) a thick body, Verg.;
b, of metals, massive, solid; crateres auro solidi,
of massive gold, Verg.; c, firm, hard; ripa,
Ov. ; adainas, Verg. ; subst., solidum -i, n.
something firm, Hor. ; solido carere, Cic. ; in solido,
tig., in safety ; aliquem in solido loeare, Verg. ;
d, thick, strong; tori Herculis, Ov. II. Transf.,
1, whole, complete, entire; usura, Cic. £ partem
solido deraere de die, Hor. ; subst, solidum
-i, n. the wliole sum, Cic. ; 2, firm, enduring,
real, substantial, solid; laus, Cic; utilitas, Cic. ;
subst, that which is real or genuine, Hor. ; 3,
firm, immovable ; mens, Hor.
sdiifer -fera -ferum (sol and fero), sun-bring-
ing, Set).
solifuga -ae, f. (sol and fugio), a kind of
poisonous ant, Plin.
solistimum (sollistumum) and sollis-
tiimum tripudium, the good omen afforded
when the sacreil chickens ate so eagerly that the
food fell out of their beaks, Cic.
sclitarius -a -um (solus), standing alone;
a, solitary, alone, lonely ; solitarius homo atque
in agro vitam agens, Cic. ; b, single, alone, by
itself; quoniam solitaria non posset virtus ad ea
pervenire, Cic.
SOlitUdO -inis, f. (solus). I. solitude, loneli-
ness (opp. frequentia, celebritas) ; loci, Cic. ; in
solitudine secum loqui, Cic; plur., in animi
doloribus solitudines captare, Cic. II. a state
of desertion, deprivation, want ; liberorum, Cic.
sdlitUS -a -um, p. adj. (from soleo), usual,
custovwry, wonted, habitual; a, adj., locus,JDy. ;
solito matrum de more, Verg. ; b, subst, solit-
um -i, n. that ivhich is usual or customary,
custom; often with prep., praeter solitum, Hor. ;
in abl. with compar., major solito, Liv. ; plus
solito, Liv.
solium -li, n. I. a chair of state, royal seat,
throne; a, for kings, regale, Liv.; meton. =
throne, regal power; in paterno solio loeare,
Liv. ; b, for the gods in the temples ; deorum
solio, Cic. ; C, of jurists, an arm-chair, sealed
in which they gave their opinion; quo minus
more patrio sedens in solio consulentibus re-
sponderem, Cic. II. a bathing-tub of stone or
wood, Suet. IIL a stone coffin, sarcophagus,
Suet.
solivagus -a -um (solus and vagus), wander-
ing alone. L Lit, bestiae, Cic. II. Fig., soli-
tary, lonely, single ; cognitio, Cic.
sollemnis (solemnis, solennis) -e(from
sollus = totus and annus). I. yearly, annual
(applied to annually recurring festivals); sacia,
sacrificia. Cic. II. Transf., A. solemn, festive,
religious '; epulae, ludi, Cic; subst, solenne
-is, n. a solemn feast, sacrifice, a religious rite;
sollemne clavi rigendi, Liv.; esp., plur. =the
sacrificial victims ; extis sollemnibus vesci, Liv.
B. usual, custonuiry, wonted, common ; laseivia
militum, Liv.; offlcium, Cic; subst, sollemne
-is, n. a custom ; nostrum illud solemne serve-
mus, Cic.
sollemniter (solemniter, solenni-
ter), adv. (sollemnis). I. solemnly, religiously ;
omnia peragero, Liv. II. according to use, cus-
tom, Plin.
sollers (solers) ert is (sollus= totns and ars),
Jit possessed entirely of an art (opp. iners), hence,
clever, skilful, adroit; a, of persons, agricola,
Cic -'Ulysses, Ov.; quo quisque est sollertior
et ingeniosior, hoe, etc., Cic ; sollertissiiuua
SOI
530
sol
omnium, Sail. ; with infin., Hor. ; with geuit.,
Musa lyrae sellers, Hor.; b, of things, inge-
nious, intelligent ; nntura, Cic. ; doscriptio, Cic.
(abl. sing., gen. sollerti ; sollerte, Ov.).
sollerter (solerter), adv. with compar.
and superb, cleverly, skilfully, adroitly, Cic.
sollertia (solertia) -ae, f. (sollers), clever-
ness, skilfulne?s, inventiveness, adroitness, in-
genuity; naturae, Cic. ; iugenii. Sail.; with object.
genii., cogitaudi, jadicandi, Cic; in hac re tauta
ioest ratio atque sollertia lit, etc., Cic.
sollicitatio -onis, f. (sollicito), an inciting,
instigating, instigation, solicitation, Cic.
sollicito, adv. (solllcitU8),a?mousZ2/, solicit-
ously, carefully, Plin.
sollicito, 1. (sollicitus), to move violently,
sliake, stir, agitate, I. 1, lit., tcllurem, to
plough, Verg. ; freta remis, Verg. ; spicula,
Verg.; stamina docto pollice, to touch the strings,
Ov.; 2, tiansf., to weaken, disturb; mala copia
aegruiu stomachum, Hor. II. Fig., 1, to dis-
turb, trouble; pacem, Liv. ; 2, a, to agitate,
vex, disquiet, annoy; haec cura me sollicitat,
Cic; sollicitatus Juj>piter, Liv.; b, to stir up,
incite, instigate to any action, solicit, tamper
with; (a) in a bad sense, civitates, Caes. ; sol-
licitatus ab Arvernis pecunia, Caes.; poet., with
a thing as object, sollicitare judicium donis, seek
to obtain by bribery, Ov. ; to express the object,
with ad and the ace, causa and the genit., lit or
neand thesuhj., poet, iufin., servos ad hospitem
iiecandum, Cic; dixit se sollicitatum esse, ut
reguare vellet, Cic; (p) in a good sense, to per-
suade, solicit, influence, Lucr.
sollicituflo -inis, f. (sollicitus). uneasiness,
mental disturbance, anxiety, solicitude, aire,
trouble; a, sing., cura et sollicitudo, Cic ; with
object, genit., provincial, about the province,
Cic ; abstrahere se ab onini sollicitudine, Cic. ;
deiuere sollicitudinem, Cic; BOllicitudinis ali-
quid habere, Cic; b, plur., sollicitudines doin-
estioie, Cic ; habere aliquem sollicitudinum
socium, Cic.
sollicitus -a -um (sollus = totus and <io),
strongly moved, stirred up, agitated. I. Lit.,
physically, mare, Verg. II. Transf., A. poli-
tically disturbed, Sail. B. mentally disturbed,
anxious, tin-easy, disturbed, solicitous; a, of the
mind, anxius animus ant sollicitus, Cic ; b, of
living beings ; (a) of persons, vehementer sol-
licitnm esse, Cic; aliquem soil ici turn habere,
to trouble, Cic ; with prep, or with vicem,
sollicitum esse de alicuius valetudine, Cic. ; pro
Aetolis sollicitus, Liv. ; sollicitus propter dilli-
cultatem locorum, Liv. ; meam vicem sollicitus,
Liv.; with abl., sollicitus mor teTigelli, Hor.; with
ne and the subj., quae cruciatur et BoUicita est,
ne eundem paulo post apoliatum onini dignitate
conspiciat, Cic. ; (/3) of animals, canes, icatchful,
Ov. ; c, of things, (a) pass., troubled; in vita
omnia semper suspecta atque sollicita, Cic. ; (ft)
act., disquieting, causing trouble; auiores, Verg.
solliferreum (soliferreum) -i, n. (sollus
= totus and ferrum), a javelin entirely of iron,
Liv.
sollistimus = solistimus (q.v.).
sollus -a um (Osoan) = totus (q.v.).
1. solo, 1. (solus), to make solitary, make
desert, Sen.
2. Solo = Solon (q.v.).
Scloe = Soli (q.v.).
soloccismus -i, m. (o-oAon«a-|u.os), a gram-
ma'ical error, solecism, Quint.
Solon (Solo) -6nis, m. (SoAu^), one of the
.Seven IVise Men of Greece, a famous Athenian
legislator, living about COO B.C.
Solonius -a -um, name of a district in
Latium.
solor, 1. to comfort, console. I. Lit., inopem,
Hor. II. Transf., a, to assuage, soothe, relieve,
mitigate; famem, Verg.; laboreui cantu, Verg.;
aestum tluviis, Hor.; b, to indemnify, to com-
pensate, Tac
SOlstltialis -e (solstitium). I. of or relating
to the summer solstice ; dies, the longest day, Cic;
nox, the shortest night, Ov. ; orbis, the tropic of
Cancer, Cic. II. Meton., A., relating to summer
or to the warmth of summer ; solstitiali tempore,
Liv. B. of or relating to the sun, solar; orbis,
Liv.
solstitium -li, n. (sol and sisto). I. a
solstice, Plin. II. Esp., the summer solstice, the
longest day. A. Lit., Cic. B. Meton., summer,
summer-heat ; solstitium pecori defendite, Verg.
1. solum -i, n. the bottom or lowest part of
anything. I. Gen., a, lit., fossae, Caes. ;
clivus ad solum exustus est, Liv. ; b, lig.,
ground, foundation ; solum et quasi fundameu-
tuui oratoris, locutionein emendatam et Latiiuim,
Cic. II. Esp., 1, the floor of a room, Cic. ; 2,
the sole of a foot, Cic. ; 3, of a shoe, Plin. ; 4,
soil, ground, earth, land ; a, macrum, Cic; prov.,
quodcunque in solum venit, whatever fulls on the
ground (i.e., whatever comes into one's head), Cic;
ellipt., ibi loquor, quod in solum, utdicitur, Cic;
b, soil, country; solum patriae, the soil of one's
native country, Cic. ; solum vertere, mutare, to
leave one's country, go into exile, Cic; 5, soil —
tluU which is underneath ; Cereale, a layer of
biscuit underneath other food, Verg.; substrah-
iturque solum (sc uavi), sea, Verg.; astra teneut
caeleste solum, = heaven, Ov.
2. solum, adv. (solus), alone, only; a, una
de re solum est dissensio, Cic ; b, in negat.
sent., uon solum . . . veruui etiam, not only
. . . but aha, Cic ; non solum . . . sed etiam,
Cic. ; non solum . . . sed ne quidem, not only
. . . but not even, Cic. ; non solum . . . sed
vix, Cic
Solutltinus, v. 2. Solus.
1. solus -a -um, genit. sollus, dat. soli (from
se), alone, only, sole. I. Gen., solum regnare,
Cic; solos novein menses, only nine months,
Cic. II. Of places, solitary, desert, uninhabited;
quum in locis solis moestus errares, Cic.
2. Solus -nntis, f. (SoAoik), a- town on the
north coast of Sicily, east of 1'anormus, now Cas-
tello di Solanto. Hence, Soluntinus -i, m. an
inhabitant of Solus.
soluto, adv. (solutus). I. a, without im-
pediment, freely; moveri, Cic; b, without diffi-
culty, easily, Cic. II. carelessly, negligently,
Cic
solutilis -e (solutus), easily coming to pieces,
Suet.
solutio -onis, f. (solvo). I. a loosening. A.
Lit., linguae, a loose, ready tongue, Cic. B. Fig.,
1, apaying, payment ; legatorum, Cic. ; 2, solutio
rerum creditarum, Cic II, dissolution; a,
totius hominis, Cic; b, explanation, Sen.
solutus -a -um, p. adj. (from solvo), loosened.
I. loosened, unbound, free. A. Lit, tunica,
Quint. B. Fig., unbound, free from fetters, jree,
independent; 1, in a good sense, a, solutus
liberque animus, Cic. ; soluta optio eligendi,
unhindered, Cic. ; with ab and the abl., soluti
acupiditatibus, Cic; with abl. alone, ambitione,
Hor.; with genit., famuli operum soluti, Hor.;
b, free from debt or mortgage, unencumbered;
praedia, Cic; c, of orators, fluent, ready ; solutus
atque expeditus ad dioendum, Cic ; d ? of dis-
course, unbound; (a) free from the tetters of
metre, prose; soluta oratio (opp. poemata), Cic;
sol
531
Sop
//3) loose, flowing, not carefully constructed; verba,
Cic. ; Humeri, of Pindaric poetry, Hor. ; 2, in a
bad sense, a, unrestrained, unbridled, unchecked,
dissolute, licentious; libido solutior, Liv.; prae-
tura, Cic. ; risus, Verg. ; b, lady, sluggish ;
Titius tarn solutus et mollis in gestu, Cic. ; c,
negligent, Cic. II. Of soil, loose, loosened; terra,
Plin.
solvo, solvi, sSlQtum, 3. (1. se and luo), to
loosen. I. to loosen, untie, unbind. A. 1, lit.,
fiuieiu a stipite, Ov. ; corollas de nostra frontc,
Prop.; crines, capillos, Hor.; uodum, Tib. ; 2,
transf., a, to unbind, release, set free; canem,
Phaedr. ; equuni senescentem, to unyoke, Hor. ;
b, transf., to untie, loosen, open; epistolam, Cic;
ora, open the mouth, Ov. ; c, naut. 1. 1., ancoram,
navein, to weigh anchor, set sail; so solvere funem,
Verg. ; absol., naves a terra solverunt, Caes. Bo
Fig., 1, commercial t. t., to pay or discharge a
debt; a 3 lit. (a) aliquid; peeuniamdebitam,Cie;
pro frumento nihil, Cic; solvendo non erat, he
was insolvent, Cic. ; (/3) aliquem, to pay any one,
Plaut. ; b, transf., to perform a promise or duty, ful-
fil an engagement ; si solveris ea quae pollieeris,
Cic. ; justa paterno funeri, Cic. ; suprema alicui,
Tae. ; capite poenas, to suffer capital punish-
ment, Sail. ; 2, to set free, release ; aliquem cura
et negotio, Cic ; civitatem, rempublicam relig-
ione, Cic. ; per aes et libram heredes testamenti,
Cic. ; ut si solvas (if you release from the fetter of
verse, i.e., turn into prose) " postquam Discordia,"
etc., Hor. II. to break up, to loosen, break in
pieces. A. 1, lit., a, gen., to break to pieces;
navem, to dash to pieces, Ov. ; pontem, Tac. ; b,
to melt, dissolve; nivem, Ov. ; solvuntur viscera,
putrefy, Verg.; 2, transf., a, to part, separate;
agmina diductis choris, Verg. ; b, to weaken,
relax; homines solverat alta quies, Ov. ; sol-
vuntur frigore membra, Verg. ; solvi morte, or
solvi alone, to die, Ov. B. Fig., 1, to remove by
breaking up; a, to bring to an end, terminate;
injuriam, Sail. ; pass., hiems solvitur, is broken
up, disappears, Hor. ; b, to break, to violate ;
traditumaprioribus morem, Liv. ; solventur risu
tabulae (perhaps = the laws will lose their force,
but see under tabulae, II. 1.), Hor. ; c, to banish,
get rid of; pudorem, Verg.; metum corde, Verg. ;
2, to solve, explain ; juris nodos et legum aenig-
mata, Juv. ; captiosa, Cic •
Solymi -drum, m. (SdAu^oi), the earliest in-
habitants of Lycia, from whom, according to some,
the Jews were descended, whence the name lliero-
solyma, Jerusalem. Hence, adj., Solymus -a
-urn, belonging to Jerusalem or the Jews.
somniator -oris, m. (somnio), a dreamer,
Hen.
somniciilose, adv. (somniculosus), sleepily,
lazily, Plaut.
somniculosus -a -urn (somuus), sleepy,
drowsy, sluggish; senectus, Cic •
somnifcr -fera -ferum (somnus and fero). I.
sleep-bringing, sleep-causing; virga (Mercurii),
Ov. II. narcotic, deadly ; veuenum, Ov.
somnificus -a -um (somnus and facio),
bringing or causing sltep, Plin.
somnio, 1. (somnium), to dream* I. Lit.,
totas noctes, Cic. ; de aliquo, Cic ; with ace, to
dream of; ovum, Cic ; with accus. and infill.,
ovum pendere ex fascia lecti, Cic. II. Transf.,
to dream, think, or imagine foolishly; porteuta
lion disserentium philosophorum, sed somnian-
timn, Cic; with ace (=of, etc.), Trojanum, Cic
somnium -ii, n. (somnus), a dream; 1, lit.,
per sumnia (in a dream) loqui, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
vain imagination, foolishness, nonsense, Ter.
somnus -i, m. (for sop -nus, root SOP,
Vhence sopor and sopio), sleep, slumber. I.
A. Lit., 1, gen., Endymionis, everlasting, Cic;
somnum capere non posse, not to be able to sleep,
Cic. ; somnum tenure, to keep oneself from sleep-
ing, Cic. ; somnum alicui aft'erre, Cic. ; somuo
consopiri sempiterno, Cic. ; dare se somuo, Cic. ;
aliquem ex somuo excitare, Cic. ; in soiunis
videre, Cic. ; 2, esp., drowsiness, laziness, in-
activity; somuo nati, Cic; dediti somuo, Sail.
B. Transf., the sleep of death ; longus, Hor. IL
Meton., night ; libra die (= diei) somuique pares
ubi fecerit boras, Verg.
sonabilis -e (sono), sounding, ressunding ;
sistrum, Ov.
sonans -antis, p. adj. (from sono) sounding ;
concha, Ov. ; of words, ut sint alia (verba)
souautiora, full-sounding, sonorous, Cic
Sonax -acis (sono), sounding, resounding, Ov.
sonchos -i, m. (adyxos), the plant sow-thistle,
Plin.
sonipes -pSdis (sonus and pes), sounding
with the feet ; usually subst., in. the horse, Verg.
SOnitUS -us, 111. (sono), a sound, noise;
Olympi, thunder, Verg. ; sonitum reddere, Cic.
sonivius -a -uin (sono), sounding, only used
in augury in the phrase soniviuiu tripudiuni,
the noise of the food falling from tlie beaks of
the sacred chickens, Cic.
sono, sOnui, sonitum, 1. (sonus). I. In-
transit., 1, to sound, resound, make a noise; a,
sonuerunt tympana, Caes. ; classica sonant,
Verg. ; sonare iuani voce, to produce an empty
jingle of words, Cic; with accneut., amnis
rauca sonans, sounding harshly, Verg. ; b, esp.,
of discourse, to sound; bene, melius, optime
sonare, Cic. ; 2, to re-echo ; ripae sonant, Verg.
II. Transit., to sound; 1, a, to produce a sound ;
inconditis vocibus inchoatum quiddam atque
peregrinum sonantes, Cic. ; nee vox homineni
sonat, sounds human, Verg.; b, to betray by a
sound; furem sonuere juvenci, Prop.; 2, to
mean; quid souet haec vox, Cic. ; 3, a, to shout,
cry, sing; euhoe Bacche, Ov. ; b, to sing of;
bella, Ov. ; c, to celebrate ; atavos et atavorum
antiqua nomiua, Verg. (fut. partic, sonaturum,
Hor.).
sonor -oris, m. (sono), sound, noise, din;
sonorem dant silvae, Verg.
sonorus -a -um (sonor), sounding, resonant,
ringing, loud, sonorous; citliara, Tib.; tem-
pestas, Verg.
sons, sontis, guilty, deserving of punishment;
annua, Verg. ; sanguis, Ov. ; subst., punire
sontes, the guilty, Cic.
Sontiates -um, m. a people in Gallia Aqui-
tania, on the borders of Gallia Celtica.
sonticus -a -um (sons), dangerous; morbus.
dangerous (such a disease as forms an excuse foi
not appearing in a court of law); hence, causa,
a weighty, serious, important excuse, Tib.
sonus -i, m. a noise, sound, din. I. 1, lit.,
a, dulcis, Cic; ab acutissimo sono usque ad
gravissimum sonuni, from the highest treble to the
deepest bass, Cic. ; inanes sonos fundere, Cic. ;
b, esp., a word; ticti soni, Ov.; 2, meton., voice,
spieech ; tunc mens et sonus relapsus, Hor. II,
Transf., tone, Cic.
sophia -ae, f. (a-o^i'a), wisdom, Mart.
sophlsma -atis, n. (<T6</>ur/ia), asophism, Sen.
sophista -ae, m. and sophistes -ae, m.
((7o0i(TT7)s), a sophist, a philosopher who taught
for money eloquence, practical wisdom, the art of
disputing, etc. ; hence often = a quibbler, char-
latan, Cic.
Sophocles -is, ni., voc. Sophocle (So^okA^s),
the famous Gmk tragic poet. Hence, adj.>
Sop 532
urn, Sophoclean, relating to
eor
Sophoolous
Sojmocles, Cic.
Sophonlba -ae, f. (2o<£o>'i'j3a), daughter of
Hasdrubal, wife of the Xumidian king, Syphax.
1. sophus (-os) -i, m. (oro^ot), wise, PJiaedr. ;
subst, a wise man, Mart.
2, SophoS (acquis), adv. bravo, well done,
Mart.
sdplo -Tvi and -li -Itum, 4. I. to put to sleep,
hill to sleep; 1, gen., a, of living beings, vino
oneratos, Liv. ; pervigilcindraconeinherbis.Ov. ;
partic, sopitus, lulled to sleep ; vigilcs, Lav. ; b,
transf., of tilings, to lull, quiet ; in pass., sopiri,
sopitum esse = to slumber, rest; virtus sopita
sit, Cic. ; ignis sopitus, slumbering vnder the
ashes, Verg. ; 2, to lull to an eternal sleep, kill;
quiete sopitus, Lucr. II. Meton., to stun,
render senseless; impactus ita est saxo, ut sopi-
rstur, Liv.
sopor -oris, m. (root SOP, whence sopio and
soninus), deep sleep. I. Lit., 1, gen., sopor
aliqnera opprimit, Liv. ; personif., Sopor, the
god of sleep, Vei-g. ; 2, the sleep of death ; per-
petuus sopor, Hor. II. Meton., 1, sleepiness,
laziness, inactivity, Tac. ; 2, a sleeping draught ;
patri soporem dare, Nep.
Soporatus -a -urn, p. adj. (from soporo). I.
sleeping ; hostes, Ov. II. provided with sleep-
giving power, stupefying; ramus vi scporatus
Stygia.Verg.
soporifer -f£ra -fSrum (sopor and fero),
musing deep sleep, soporific, Verg.
FGpovo, 1. (sopor), to put to sleep, cast into a
deep sleep, Plin.
soporus -a -um (sopor), sleep-bringing ; Nox,
Verg.
Sora -ae, f. the most northerly town of the
Volsci, in, Latium, on tin right bank of the Liris,
etill called Sora. Hence, Soranus -a -um,
belonging to Sora.
Soracte (Sauracte) -is, n. a mountain in
Etruria, near Home, on which stood a famous
temple of Apollo, now Monte di S. Silvestro.
Soranus -a -um, v. Sora.
soracum -i, n. (crwpaKos), a pannier, hamper,
Plant.
sorbeo, sorbui, 2. (root SORB, Gk. FOB,
whence po^>e<a), to suck up, suck in, drink down,
to swallow. I. Lit., a, of persons, sanguinem,
Plin. ; b, of things, Cnarybdis vastos sorbet in
abruptum fluctus, Verg. ; sorbent avidae prae-
cordia Mamniae, Ov. II. Fig., odia, to swallow,
2nd up with, (Jit;.
1. sorbilo (sorbillo), 1. (dim. of sorbeo),
to suck in, sip, 'i'cr.
2. sorbilo, adv. (sorbeo), drop by drop, Plaut.
sorbitio -Cmis, f. (sorbeo), a draught, po-
tion, Pers.
sorbura -i, n. the fruit of the sorbus, a scr~
vic'-berry, Verg.
sorbus -i, f. the service-tree, Plin.
sordoo, snrdOi, 2. (sordes). I. to be dirty,
filthy; cunttane prae campo BOrdent? Hor.
II. Fig., 1, to be mean, sordid in appearance,
Plaut. ; 2, to be contemptible, be desinsed; adeo
se suis etiam sorderc, Liv.
sordes -is, f. and gen. plan, sordes -lum,
f. dirt, filth. I. 1, lit., a. Bine sordibus ungues,
Hor. ; in sordibus aurium inhaerescere, Cic; b,
esp. , soiled or dirty garments, used by mourners and
persons accused ; sordes lugubres, Cic. ; 2, meton..
of persons, O tenebrae, lutum, sordes, Cic. ; apud
sordem urbis et faecem, the dregs of the people,
Cic II. Transf., 1, meanness, baseness; hom-
inis, Cic. ; fortunae et vitae, Cic. ; 2, sordid
frugality, stinginess, niggardliness; a, rarely in
sing., nulla in re familiari sordes, Cic. ; b, "gen.
in plur., mens oppleta sordibus, Cic.
SOrdeSCO, sordid, 3. (sordeo), to become dirty,
Hor.
sordidatus -a -um (sordidus),' wearing
dirty clothes; a, gen., Cic. ; b, (v. sordes, I. b.),
clad in mourning, Cic.
sordide, adv. (sordidus). I. meanly, in a
low. Nation ; nasci, Tac. II. Transf., a, vulgarly,
meanly; dicere, Cic; b, sordidly, stingily, Cic.
sordldulus -a -um (dim. of sordidus),
somewhat dirty, Juv.
sordidus -a -um (sordeo), dirty, filthy, un-
clean. I. Lit., 1, gen., ainictus, Verg. ; niappa,
Hor. ; 2, in soiled or dirty clothes, as a sign of
mourning ; squalore sordidus, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, poor, mean, base (in rank or condition), hum-
ble, small, paltry ; locosordidoortus, Liv. ; icus,
Cic. ; oratores sordidiorcs, artes sordidiores,
Cic; ut quisque sordidissimus videbitur, Cic;
2, mean, base, vile, disgraceful; iste omnium
turpissimus ct sordidissimus, Cic. ; esp., stingy,
sordid; homo, Cic; cupido, Hor.
sorditudo -inis, f. (sordes), dirt, filth, Plaut.
sorex -icis, m. (vpatj), a shrew-mouse, Plin.
soricinus -a -um (sorex), of or relating to a
shrew-mouse, Plaut.
sorites -ae, m. (cr<upeiY>);), a sorites, a sophism
formed by accumulation of arguments, Cic (dat.,
soriti, Cic. ; ace sing., soritam, Cic.).
soror (= sosor, connected with English
sister, and German sal wester), a sister. I. Lit., 1,
gen., Cic; Phoebi, Luna, Ov. ; magna soror
matris Eumenidnm, the earth as sister of night,
Verg.; plur., Sorores, the Parcae, Ov. ; so ires
sorores, Hor. ; the Furies, Ov. ; 2, esp. = soror
patruelis, aunt, Cic, Ov. II. Transf., a, as a
term of endearment, friend, playmate ; sorores
meae, Verg. ; b, of things alike or connected,
e.g., the hair, Cat.
sororicida -ae, m. (soror and caedo), one
who murders a sister, Cic.
sororio, 1. (soror), applied to the female
breasts, to grow up or swell together, Plin.
sororlus -a -um (soror), of or relating to a
sister, sisterly; stupra, incest, Cic.
sors, sortis, f. (from 1. sero, as fors from
fern), a lot. I. A. Lit., a, conjicere sortes in
hydriam, Cic ; or simply, conjicere sortes, Cic. ;
dejicere sortes, Cic. ; Bors mea exit, comes out,
Cic; ut sors exeidcrat, Liv.; b, esp., sortes,
used ;is oracles, verses (from Vergil, etc.), wi itteu
on leaves and drawn by persons ; sortes ducere,
Juv. B. Transf., resrevocaturad sortem, Cic. ;
conjicere in sortem provincias, to cast lots for, Liv.
II. Meton., 1, an oracular response, prophecy ;
sors oraculi, Liv. ; sors ad sortes referenda, Cic. ;
2, official duty ; nunquam afuit nisi sorte, ( ie. ;
3, a, = part; in nullam sortem bonoruiu nato,
Liv. ; Saturn i sors prima, first child, Ov. ; b, lot,
fate, fortune, destiny; neseia mens hominum
fati Bortisque futurae, Verg. ; illacrimare sortl
humanae, Liv. ; hence, esp., (a) rank or station of
a person ; prima, secunda, Liv. ; (/3) sex; altera,
female, Ov. ; (y) kind ; nova pugnae sors, Verg. ;
4, money, capital end at interest; sorte caret,
usuia nee ea solida contentus est, Cic. (archaic
abl., sorti, Verg.).
sorticula -ae, f. (dim. of sors), a little lot or
ticket, Suet.
*?ortilegus -a -um (sors and lego), prophetic,
t» i tUar, Hor. Subst., sortilegus -i, m. q,
soothsayer, fortune-teller, Cic.
sor
533
spe
BOl'tior, 4. dep. (sors). I. Intransit., to cast
lots; inter se, Cic. II. Transit., A. to decide
by lot, cast lots for ; 1, lit., provineiain, Cic;
consoles sortiti, uter dedicaret, Liv. ; quasi
8ortiri, quid loquare, Cic ; 2, transf., a, to
choose, select; suboleni, Verg. ; b, to share,
divide; regnum in plebem, Liv. B. to gain by
lot; 1, lit., peregrinam (provineiain), Liv.; 2,
transf., to gain by fate, to get, receive, obtain;
mediterranea Asiae, Liv.; amicuni casu, Hor. ;
sortitus -a -um, .pass., gained by lot, Cic.
sortltio -dnis, f. (sortior), a casting lots, de-
ciding by casting lots ; judicum sortitio fit, Cic.
sortito, adv. (abl. of sortitus, from sortior),
by lot, Cic.
sortltor -oris, m. (sortior), one who draws
lots, Sen.
1. sortitus -us, m. (sortior), a casting of lots,
deciding by lot, Cic, Verg.
2. sortitus -a -um, partic of sortior.
sdry (sori) -rS3s, n. (rwpu), inkstone, sory,
Plin.
sospes -Itis'(root SOS, <ru>s), safe, unhurt,
uninjured. I. a, of persons, sospites brevi in
patriam ad parentes restituunt, Liv. ; b, of
things, navis sqspes'ab ignibus, Hor. II.
Transf. = lucky, favourable ; enrsus, Hor.
Sospita -ae, f. (sospes), the Saviour; Juno
Sospita, a goddess worshipped originally in Imu-
uvium, afterwards at Home; ilia vestra Sospita,
Cic.
SOSpitalis -e (sospes), salutary, Plant.
sospito, 1. (sospes), to keep safe, preserve;
suaui progeniem, LH r .
SOtcr -teris, ace. -tera, m. (aunjp), a saviour,
Cic_
SOteria -5rum, n. (o-idi-rjpia), presents given
in celebration of a recovery from sickness, Mart.
Spadix -dieis(o-ira5i|), of the colour of a palm-
branch with its fruit, chestnut-coloured ; equi.Verg.
Spado -onis, m. (o-rrd6u>v), a eunuch, Liv.
spadonius -a -um (spado), unfruitful, pro-
ducing no seed, Plin.
sparganion -li, n. (o-rraoydviov), the plant
burweed, Plin.
spargo, sparsi, sparsuin, 3. (root SPAR,
Gr. ^ITAl', whence cnreipio). I, to scatter, strew,
sprinkle. A. Gen., numinos populo, Cic; nuces,
Verg. B. Esp., 1, to scatter seeds, to sow;
semina liuino, Ov. ; fig., animos in corpora,
Cic. , 2, to throw, hurl, cast ; tela, Verg. ; 3, to
scatter, disperse, dissipate; a, (a) of things,
anna (war) per agros, Liv.; hence, to scatter,
spread abroad, circulate a report ; spargere voces
in valgum atnbiguas, Verg. ; Argolicas noinen
per urbes Theseos, Ov. ; (0) of things, to divide,
distribute; per vias speculators, Liv.; also, to
disperse, scatter in flight ; spargere se in fugam,
Liv. ; b, to dissipate property ; spargas tna pro-
digus, Hor.; c. to tear in pieces; corpora, Ov.
II. to besprinkle, bestrew ; 1, lit., huiuum foliis,
Verg. ; 2, transf., a, to bcsjirinkle; aurora
spargebat lumine terras, Verg.; iig., littcrae
huinanitatis sale sparsae, Cic ; b, to bedew,
moisten; lacrima favillam ainici, Hor.; c, to
dash, speckle; alas coloribus, Verg.
sparsio -onis, f. (spargo), a sprinkling of
perfumul waters in the tlteatre, Sen.
sparsus -a -um, p. adj. (spargo). I. sprcatl
out, scattered ; crines, dishevelled, Liv. II.
speckled, coloured, spotted; anguis maculis
sparsus, Liv.
Sparta -ae, f. and Sparte -£s, f. (Xndprq),
Sparta, the capital of Laconia, now Misitra.
Hence, adj., A. Spar t anus -a -um, Spartan ;
subst., Spartanus -/', m. a Spartan. B.
Spartlcus -a -urn, Spartan. C. Subst., Spar-
tiates -ae, in. a Spartan.
Spartacus -i, m. a gladiator, by birth a
Thracian, head of the Gladiatorial War against
the Romans, 73-71 B.C., defeated by Crassus.
spar tar his -a -um (spartum), bearing esparto
grass, Plin. ; pi :;-. subst., spartaria -uruin.n.
(sc loca), places where esparto grass grows, Plin.
Spartum (-on) -i, n. (a-irdprov), 1, a kind
of grass, esparto grass, Liv., Plin.; 2, rope made
of esparto grass, Plin.
spariilus -1, m. (dim. of sparus), a kind of
fish, a bream, Ov.
sparus -i, m. and sparum -i, n. a small
curved spear or juvelin, a hunting-spear, Verg..
Sail.
spasmus -i, m. (crn-ao-^ds), and spasma
-atis, n. (aTrdcrp.a), a cramp, spasm, Plin.
spastlCUS -a -um {<jira.o-ri.K6s), seized with
cramp or spasm, Plin.
spatha -ae, f. (crn-aflij). I. a wooden instru-
ment for stirring or mixing, a spatula, Plin.
II. an instrument of like shape used by weavers,
Sen. Ill, a broad two-edged sword witlwut
point, Tac. IV. the pedicle of the leaf or flower
of a palm-tree, Plin. V. a kind of pine or fir,
also called elate, Plin.
spatior, 1. dep. (spatiuni), to walk, walk
about, to take a walk, to promenade ; in xysto,
Cic; in sicca arena, Verg.; transf., of things,
to spread out, expand; alae spatiantes, Ov.
spatiosc, adv. (spatiosus). I. a, widely,
extensively, Plin.; b, greatly; spatiosius in-
crevit flumen, Ov. II. Fig., of time, long, Prop.
spatiosus -a -um (spatium). I. occupying
much space, wide, s]xicious, large; taurus, Ov.
II. Fig., of time, long ; uox, Ov.
spatium -li, n. (a-na.Bi.ov Dorian = rrrdSiov),
space, distance, or extension in length and
breadth. I. A. Gen., spatia locorum, Caes. ;
caeli spatium, Verg. B. Esp., space or distance
between two points; 1, a, distance, interval;
paribus spatiis intennissae trabes, Caes. ; b,
circumference, size, length; oris et colli, Ov. ;
2, a, tract, extent, course; longum spatiuni
itineris, Caes. ; eadem spatia quinque stellae
conficiunt, Cic. ; b, Vie course in a race ; spatia
corripere, Verg.; tig., quasi deenrso spatio, Cic;
c, (4 walk; (a) duobus spatiis tribnsve factis,
Cic; (0) a place for walking in, walk, promenade;
spatia silvestria, Cic. II. Transf., of time,
A. Gen., a, a division or space of time, time;
spatium preteriti temporis, Cic. ; hoc interim
spatio, Cic; b, duration of time, length of time;
spatio pugnae defatigati, Caes. B. Esp., 1,
the time fixed for any action, time, leisure, oppor-
tunity ; nisi tempus et spatium datum sit, Cic. ;
irae spatium dare, give tlie reins to, Liv. ; si
mihi aliquid spatii ad scribenduin dareut, Cic. ;
2, metrical time, measure, quantity, Cic.
spccialis -e (species), individual, particular,
sjKcial, Quint.
species -ei, f. (specioj. I. Act., a seeing,
sight, view, look; speciem aliquo vertere, Lucr.
II. Pass.= l, sight, look, apjiearance, s)>cciem
boni viri prae se ferre, Cic. ; speciem ridentis
praebere, Liv.; 2, form, figure, esp. of imposing
appearance ; lminaiia, Cic. ; divina, Liv. ; 3,
beautiful form, beauty ; vaccae, Ov. ; esp. of
outward ornament, glitter, splendour ; triumpho
maximum speciem captivaarraa praebuere, Liv.;
4, that which a man sees mentally; a, model,
ideal ; eloquentiae, Cic ; b, idea, conception,
notion ; boni viri, Cic. ; c, a vision seen in a
dream, a dream, phantom; consuli visa species
sp6
534
spe
Viri, Liv. ; d, appearance, show ; speciem uti-
litatis habere, Cic. ; specie, in appearance, Cic. ;
ad speciem, for the sake of outward show (to de-
ceive), Cic; 5, a statue, representation, image,
Cic. ; 6, a kind, species, division of a genus, Cic.
(gen it. and dat. plur. not used by classical
authors).
specillum -i, n. (specio), a suraeon's probe,
Cic.
specimen -inis, n. (specio), that by which a
thing is known, mark, token, sample, speciyncn.
I. Lit, ingenii, Cic; justitiao, Liv. II. Transf.,
a pattern, example, ideal ; prudential, Cic. ; num
dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat
ex optima quaque natura, Cic. (only used in
the sing.).
specio (spicio), spexi, spectum (o-kcVtw),
to look at, behold, see, Plant.
speciose, adv.(speciosus), beautifully, splen-
didly, handsomely, showily ; speciositis instratus
equus quam uxor vestita,' Liv.
speciosus -a -tun (species). I. beautiful,
splendid, handsome ; niuiier, Ov. ; hence, a,
dazzling, well-sounding; nomina, Tac. ; b, im-
posing, distinguished; opes, Tac; exeinplmn,
Liv. It. plausible, specious; vocabula, Ilor. ;
titulus, Liv. ; with '2. supine, si vera potius
quam dictu speciosa dicenda sunt, Liv.
spectabilis -e (specto), 1, visible ; corpus,
Cic. ; 2, worth seeing, notable, remarkable ;
heros, Ov.
spcctaculum -i, n. (specto), a sight, show,
spectacle. I. Gen., luctuosmn, Cic. ; reruni
caelestium, Cic ; alicui specticulum praebere,
Cic; spectaculo esse, Cic II. Esp., a spectacle
in the theatre or circus; 1, lit., specticulum
apparatissimum, Cic; gladiatorum, Liv.; 2,
meton., a place from which or where one can see
a spectacle; gen. plur., spectacnla ; a, the stage,
the seats ; spectacnla sunt tributim data, Cic. ;
b, the theatre, Suet.
spectamen -inis, n. (specto), a sign, token,
pooof, Plaut.
spectate, adv., but only in superl. (spee-
tatns), admirably, excellently, Plin.
spectatio -onis, f. (specto), a looking at,
beholding, viewing. I. Gen., apparatus, Cic. ;
aninmin spectatione levari, Cic. II. the in-
spection, testing of money, Cic
spectativus -a -um (specto), contemplative
(opp. activus), theoretical, Quint.
spectator -Sria, m. (specto). I. one who
belwlds, contemplates, a spectator, observer; a,
quasi spectatores supeiarum reruin ntque cael-
estium, Cic. ; b, a spectator at the theatre or
public games, Cic. II. an, inspector, examiner;
formarum, connoisseur, Ter. ; acrior vlrtutis
spectator ac judex, Liv.
• spectatrix -tricis, f. (spectator), a female
spectator, beholder, observer, Ov.
spectatus -a -um, p. adj. (from specto).
I. proved, approved, tried ; homo, Cic. ; castitas,
Liv. II. Esp., of tried abilities, excellent, re-
spected, renowned; vir specUtissiinus, Cic.
Spectlo -onis, f. (specio), the right of ob-
serving the auspices appertaining to certain of
the higher magistrates ; nos (augures) nuntiat-
ionern solum habemus, consules et reliqui
magistratus etiam spectionem, Cic
specto, 1. (intens. of specio), to look at care-
fully, contemplate, observe. I. Lit, A. Gen.,
aliquid, Cic ; tota domus quae spectat in nos
solos, Cic; spectatumne hue veniinns? Liv.
B. Esp., 1, to be a spectator of a spectacle or
ptoy, to look at, look on at; fabul.nm, ludos,
Hor. ; Megalesia, Cic. ; 2, a, to look at with
wonder; gaude quod spectant oculi te mille
loquentem, Ilor.; b, to look at for the ptirj
examining or testing, to test, to examine; spect-
ator in ignibus auruni, Ov. ; fig., hunc igni
spectatuin arbitrantur, tried by fire, Cic ; 3, of
places, to look towards, lie towards, be situate
towards; collis ad orientem solem spectabat,
Caes.; spectarein Etruriain, Liv.; spectare inter
occasum solis et septentriones, Caes. II. Fi.u'.,
A. to look at, contemplate, observe; voluptatcs
procul specto, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to lonk to as
an aim or object, bear in mind, hare a regard la.
strive after; a, of persons, magna, Cic; ea
quae sunt in usu vitaquc coiumuni, Cic; fugani,
Cic; with ut and the subj.. spectavi semper nt
possem, etc., Cic. ; with ad and the ace, ad
imperatorias laudes, Cic. ; b, transf., to tend to,
incline to ; ad pernieicm, Cic; ad bene beateque
vivendum, Cic; quo igitur liaec spectat oratio?
what is the aim (or tendency) of tl is speech ? Cic. ;
2, to judge, test; aliquem ex trimco corporis,
Cic ; non ex singulis vocibns philosophi spect-
a; cli sunt, Cic.
spectrum -i, n. (specio), the appearance,
image, of anything, spectre, apparition, Cic
1. specula -ae, f. (specio). I. a watch-tower ;
speculas per promunturia omnia ponere, Liv. ;
multo ante taniquam ex specula prospexi tempes-
tatein futuram, Cic; tig., homines in speculis
sunt, on the, watch, Cic II. Transf., in speculis,
any lofty place, Verg.
2. specula -ae, f. (dim. of spes), a little
hope; qui aliquid ex eius sennone speculae de-
gustarat, Cic.
speciilabundus -a -um (speculor), watch-
ing, on the watch, Tac.
speciilaris -e (speculum), of or relating to a
mirror, Sen. ; lapis, a species of transparent stone,
talc, Plin. Subst., specuiaria -lumand -drum,
n. window-panes made, of talc, Plin.
speculator -Oris, m. (speculor). I. a looker-
out, scout, spy, Caes., Cic II. Transf., an ob-
server, investigator ; naturae, Cic.
speculatorius -a -um (speculator), of or
relating to a looker-out ov scout ; navigia, Caes. ;
naves, Liv., and subst., speculatoriae, vessels on
the look-out, spy-boats, Liv.
spectilatrix -Icis, f. (speculator), she that
' res, a looker-out, observer, watcher; Purine
surit speculatrices et vindices facinorum et
Si ' I i am, Cic
speculor, 1. dep. (specio). I. Iutransit.,
tosjiy, to look about; unde sedens partes specu-
lator in oinnes, Ov. II. Transit., to look out,
spy out, watch, observe, explore; omnia, Cic;
loea, Cic. ; alicuius consilia, Sail. ; with rel.
sent., quae fortuna esset, Liv.
speculum -i, n. (specio), a mirror (made of
glittering plates of metal). I. Lit., speculornm
levitas, Cic. ; speculo placere, to be brilliantly
adorned, Ov. ; speculum suuin consnlere, Ov. ;
se speculo videre altcruin, Hor. II. Fig. = mi.
image, copy; quae (parvoa et bestias) putat esse
specula naturae, Cic.
specus -us, m. f. and n. (o-n-eos), a care. I.
Lit., a, a natural rave, Hor., Liv. ; horrendum,
Verg. ; b, an artificial care, u:cavation ; (a) in
defossis specubus, Verg. ; (£) a covered water-
course, culvert; suhtenanei, Cic. II. Transf.,
a hole, hollow; vulncris, Verg.
spclaeum -i, n. (<nrq\a.t.ov), a cave, grotto,
hole, den; ferarum, Verg.
spelunca -ae, f. (o-mjAv-yf), a cave, grotto,
Cic, Verg.
spcrabilis -e (spero), that may be hojied for,
Plant.
Spe
535
spi
Spercheos (cheus) ami Sperchios
(-chius) -i, 111. (Sn-fp_xet(5s), a river in Thessaly.
Hence, A. Spercheis -Stdis, f. of Spercheus.
B. Sperchiouides -ae, m. a person who lives
near the Spercheus. C. Sperchiae -arum, f.
a town in the valley of the Spercheus.
sperno, sprevi, spretum, 3. I. to separate,
remove, Plaut, II. Tiansf., to reject, to despise,
contemn, scorn, spurn; nos sprevitet pro niliilo
putavit, Cie. ; voluptatem, Uor. ; poet, with
infln., ncc partem solido demcre do die spernit,
I lor. ; partic, spretUS -a -ran, despised, Cic.,
Liv.
spero, 1. to look for, to expect. I. to expect
something favourable, to hope, hope for, promise
oneself, flatter oneself; bene or recte, to have good
hopes, Cic. ; ut spero (in a parenthesis), Cic. ; de
aliqua re, Cic. ; pacem, Cic. ; in pass., sperata
gloria, Cic. ; with ace. and fut. iniin., sperantse
maximum fructum esse capturos, Cic. ; more
rarely with pres. or perf. iiifln. (when there is
no reference to the future), spero ex hoc ipso
non esse obscurum, Cic. ; de nostra Tullia spero
cum Crassipede nos confecisse, Cic. ; with ut
and the subj., Liv. ; partic. as subst., sperata
-orum, n. one's hopes ; potiri speratis, to realise
ones hopes, Liv. II. Like {Atr'^u, to expect some-
thing unfavourable, to forebode, fear; id quod
non spero, Cic. ; with aec. and infln., haec spero
vobis molesta videri, Cic.
spes -ei, f. (root SPE, whence spero). I.
hope; 1, lit., a, spes est exspectatio boni, Cic. ;
spes emptionis, Cic. ; summae spei aduleseentes,
of great promise, Caes. ; spes est in vobis, rests
on you, Cic. ; omnem spein salutis in virtute
ponere, Caes. ; spem habere, in spem venire, in-
gredi, adduci, spes me tenet, I hope, foil, by ace.
and inlin., Cic. ; si spem atlerunt ut, etc., Cic. ;
spe duci, witli arc. and inlin., Cic. ; spem alicui
dare, to infuse, Cic. ; pax fuit in spe, was hoped
for, Cic. ; spein abscidere, Liv., praecidere,
Cic, fallcre, Cic, eripcre, Cic, adimere, Cic,
pen! ere, Cic ; praeter spein, Cic. ; contra spem,
Liv.; plur., spes, Liv. ; b, personif., Spes, Hope
as a goddess, with several temples in Rome, and
a festival on the 1st of August; 2, meton., that
which is hoped for, hope ; spe potitur, realises his
hope, Ov. ; castra Achivom, vestras spes, nritis,
Verg. ; of living beings, spes gregis, Verg. ; spes
nostra reliqua, Cicero, Cic. II. expectation of,
fear of, foreboding ; mala res, spe multo asperior,
Sail.
speusticus
haste, Hin
-um (o-TrtucTTiKo?), made in
sphaera -ae, f. (o-iptupa), a globe, sphere. I.
Gen., Cic. II. a, an astronomical globe or sphere,
Cic. ; b, the orbit of planets, Cic.
sphaeristerium -ii, n. (o-ipaipiorijpioj'), a
place for playing ball, Plin.
sphaeromachia -ae, f. (a-^aipo/xax'a), n
kind of boxing in which the. combatants had iron
bulls-strapped to their hands, Sen.
sphagnos -i, m. (cn/iayi/os), a kind of aro-
matic moss, Plin.
sphingion
Plin.
Sphinx, Sphingis, f. (2<pi'y£), a female mon-
ster at Thebes, who proposed riddles to all the
pisser.<-by, and destroyed them if they could not
answer the riddles; represented among the
Egyptians as a winged lion with a human head,
among the Greeks and Romans as an unwinged
lion with the head and breast of a maiden.
sphragis -Mis, f. (o-^pnyi's). I. a species of
stone used/or seals, Plin. II. Lemnian earth, so
tailed because sold with a seal on it, Plin.
n. (o-Qiyyiov), a species of ape,
Spica -ae, f., spious -i, m., and spicum
-i, n. (from same root as spi-na) ; lit., a spike;
hence, an ear of corn. I. Lit., ad spicam per-
ducere fruges, Cic II. Transf., a, the brightest
star in the constellation Virgo, Cic. ; D, the tuft or
head of other plants resembling the shape of an
ear of corn, Ov.
spiceus -a -um (spica), consisting of ears oj
corn ; corona, Tib. ; serta, Ov.
spicifer -fera- fcruin (spica and fero), wearing
or carrying cars of corn, Mart.
spicilegium -ii, n. (spica and lego), a glean-
ing, Varr.
spico, 1. (spica), to furnish with spikes or
ears, Plin.; partic, spicatus -a -urn, having
spikes or ears ; herbae apicatae, Plin.
spiculo, 1. (spiculum), to make pointed,
sharpen to a point, Plin.
spiculum -i, n. (spicum), a sharp point,
sting; a, lit., of bees, Verg.; of the scorpion,
Ov.'; the point of a spear, arrow, javelin, Cic,
Liv., Hor. ; b, poet., meton. = a si>ear, javelin,
Verg., Ov.
spicum, spicus = spica (q.v.).
spina -ae, f. (from same root as spica). I. a
thorn. A. Lit., Verg. B. Fig., a, spinae scares,
anxieties ; spinas animo evellere, Hor. ; b, diffi-
culties, subtleties, perplexities; disserendi, Cic.
II. Tiansf., 1, the prickle or spins of certain
animals, the hedgehog, sea-urchin, etc., Cic; 2,
the backbone, Varr. ; 3, a fish-bone, Ov.
spinca -ae, f. = spionia (q.v.).
spinetum -I, n. (spina), a thorn-hedge, thorn-
busk (only used in plur.), Verg.
spinous -a -um (spina), made of thorns,
thorny, Ov.
spiniger -gSra -gerinn (spina and gero),
thorn-bearing, Cic. poet.
spinosus -a -urn (spina). I. full of thorns,
thorny, prickly, Ov. II. Fig., a, of discourse,
thorny, crabbed, obscure ; disserendi genus, Cic;
b, full of cares, anxiety, Cat.
spinter -eris, n. (o-<£ ty kt>!p), a bracelet,
armlet, Plaut.
spinus -i, m. (spina), the blackthorn, Verg.
spionia -ae, f. a kind of vine, Plin.
spira -ae, f. (crimpa), a nyth ing coiled, wreathed,
twisted. I. Gen., the winding of a snake, Verg.
II. Esp., 1, the base of a column, Plin.; 2, a
string for fastening a hat or cap under the chin,
Juv.
spirabllis -e (spiro). I. that may be breathed ;
a, natnra, cui noinen est aer, Cic; b, sustaining
life, vital ; lumen caeli, Verg. II. fitted for
breathing; viscera, Plin.
spiraculum -i, n. (spiro), an air-hole,
breathing-place, Verg.
spiraea -ae, f. (<rimpaia), thejn'ant meadow-
sweet, Plin.
spiramen -inis, n. (spiro), a breathing-hole,
air-hole, Lucan.
spiramentum -i, n. (spiro). I. a breathing-
hole, air-hole, Verg. II. breathing; meton., a
breathing-time, short pause, interval; temporum,
Tac
spiritUS -us, m. (spiro), breathing. I. 1, a
gentle blowing, breath of air, air in gentlemotion ;
spiritus Boreae, Verg. ; 2, the breathing in oj
the air, breath ; spirituin ducere, to draw breath,
Cie. ; 3, breath ; anguatior, short breath, Cic ;
esp., tlie breath of life, life; spirituin auferre,
Cic. ; extremum spirituin effundere in victoria,
Cic. ; hence, a, a sigh, Hor., Prop. ; b, the
hissing of a snake, Verg.; c, the voice, Quint.;
spi
536
spo
d, tm air, Lucr. II. the spirit, soul. A. dum
spirit us hos regit artus, Verg. B. Fig., 1, a
haughty spirit, pride, arrogance, high spirit,
courage; filia Hieronis, iufiata muliebri spiritu,
Liv.; spiritus tribunicii, Cic; remittere spiritus,
Cic; 2, opinion, fueling, Liv.; 3, irritation,
animosity, Tac. ; 4, divine or poetic inspiration ;
divinus, Liv.; carent libri spiritu illo, etc., Cic.
spiro, 1. I. Intransit., 1, to blow gently,
How, breathe; zephyri spirant, Verg.; 2, to
breathe ; poet. = to rush, to foam, ferment, roar ;
freta sphantia, Verg. ; spirat e pectore flamma,
Verg. ; with abl., spirare ignibus, to breathe out
/lame, Verg.; 3, to breathe, to draw in breath;
dum spirare potero, Cic. ; lience transf., a, to live,
l>e alive; ab eo spirante defendi, Cic. ; videtur
Laelii mens spirare in scriptis, Cic. ; b, to seem
to live : of works of art, to be depicted to the life,
to breathe; Bpirantia sigua, Verg.; c, to have
poetic inspiration, to be inspired ; quod spiro et
placeo tuuin est, Hor. ; 4,' to breathe, to smell;
thymbra graviter spiralis, Verg. II. Transit.,
1, tobreathe, exhale ;Diomedisequi spirantes nar-
ibua ignem, Lucr. ; flammas spirantes, breathing
forth flames, Liv. ; spirare ignem naribus, Verg.';
tunc immensa cavi spirant mendaeia folles,
Juv. ; transf., homo trilmnatum etiamnunc
spiralis, inspired with the spirit of a tribune, Liv. ;
tragicuin satis, to have tragic genius, Hor.; 2,
to exhale, give forth; divinum vertice odorein,
Verg.
spiss amentum -i, n. (spisso), a stopper,
plug, Sen.
spisse, adv. (spissus). I. densely, closely,
Plin. II. slowly; spisse atque vixadaliquem
pervenire, Cic.
Bpissesco, 3. (spissus), to become th ick, thicken,
Lucr.
spissigradus -a -urn (spisse and gradioi),
uviking slowly ^ Plant.
pptasltas -atis, f. (spissus), closeness, density,
Plin.
spissitudo -Inis, f. (spissus), closeness,
density, Sen.
spisso, 1. (spissus), to make thick, thicken, Ov.
SplSSUS -a -um, close, dense, thick. I. Lit.,
mi lies, Ov. ; theatrnin, full, Urn-. ; arena, Verg. ;
with aid., Corona spissa viris, Verg. II. Transf.,
slow, tardy, difficult; opus spissum et operosum,
Cic; exitus spissi et product!, Cic.
spithama -ae, f. (cnriOci/u/), a span, Plin.
splen, splenic, m. (crn-A^), the spleen, milt,
Plin.
splendeo, 2. to shine, glitter, be bright. I.
Lit., splendet tremulosub liunine nonius, Verg.
II. Fig., to be bright, illustrious ; virtus splendet
per sese semper, Cic.
splcndesco -dfii, 3. (splendco), to become
bright. I. Lit, Verg. II. Fig., nihil est tain
incultum, quod non splendescat oratione, Cic.
splendid e, adv. (splendidus). I, splendidly,
magnificently; ornare convivinm, Cic; acta
aetas honeste ac splendide, Cic. II. clearly,
plainly ; loqui, Cic.
splendidus -a -um (splendeo), shining,
bright, brilliant, splendid. I. A. Lit, fons
Bplendidior vitro, Hor.; brachia, Ov. ; splendi-
dissimus candor, Cic. B. Fig., a, well-sounding ;
nomeu, Cic. ; b, brilliant, fine; oratio, Cic. ; c,
illustrious, distinguished, renowned; eques, Cic.
II. Transr., clear; vox, Cic.
splendor -oris, m. (splendeo), brilliance,
brightness, lustre. I. A. Lit,., flauimae, Ov. ;
argenti, Hor. B. Fig., a, s^ilenilour, magnifi-
cence; omnia ad gloriam splendoremque rcvoc-
are, Cic; b, splendour, lustre, honour, distinc-
tion ; animi et vitae, Cic. ; suuimoi um liontintim,
Cic; eo negotio M. Catonis splcndorein miicul-
are, Cic; c, ornament, honour; ordinis, Lie.
II. Transf., clearness; vocis, Cic.
spleniatus .-a -um (splenium), plastered,
Marc.
SpleniCUS -a -um (ctttAtjwkos), splenetic, Plin.
splenium -ii, n. (<m\riviov). I. spleenwort,
Plin. II. on adhesive plaster, Mart.
Spodium -Ii, n. (o-rro&wv). I. the dros< of
metals, slag, Plin. II. ashes, Plin.
spodos -i, f. ((Tno&6s), the dross of metals, sluT,
Plin.
Spoletium -ii, n. one nf the most important
towns of Umbria, now Spoleto. Hence, Spole-
tinus -a -um, of or belonging to Spoletium,
Spoletian.
snoliarlum -ii, n. (spolium). I. the place
in the amphitheatre where the. slain gladiators
were stripped of their arms and clothing, Sen. II.
Transf., a deii of robbers, Sen.
SpoliatlO -onis, f. (spolio), a plundering,
spoliation ; omnium rerum, Cic. ; sacroruin, Cic. ;
transf., violent taking away ; eonsulatus, Cic;
dignitatis, Cic
spoliator -oris, m. (spolio), a plunderer;
monunientorum, Cic. ; temploruni, Liv.
spoliatrix -trleis, f. (spoliator), plundering,
she that plunders ; Venus, Cic.
spoliatus -a -um, p. adj. with compar. (from
spolio), plundered, Cic.
spolio, 1. (spolium). I. to rob a v\an of his
clothes, strip, despoil; aliquem, Cic; corpus
caesi hostis, Liv. II. to plunder, rob, despoil ;
fana socioruin, Cic; hominem, Cic; with aid.,
aliquem argento, Cic; poet., with ace of re-
spect, hiems spoliata suos capillos, Ov.
spdllum -li, n. I. the skin or hide st rijiped
from an animal ; leonis, Ov. II. Transf., gun.
plnr., 1, firms taken from an enemy, booty (opp.
praeda = cattle, etc.), spolia caesoruin legere,
Liv. ; spolia opima (v. opimus); meton. = vic-
tory; spolia ampla referre, Verg. ; 2, transf.,
booty ; a, booty or plunder taken from an enemy,
s]ioil ; spolia 'classinin, Cic; b, any kind of
plunder or booty; aliorum spoliis nostras facili-
tates angeamns, Cic. ; Bcelci'is, the golden hair
which Scylla robbed from her father, Ov.
sponda -ae, f. I. the frame of a bed or sofa,
bedstead, Ov. II. Meton., a, a bed, Hor. ; b,
a sofa, Verg. ; c, a bier, Mart.
spondalium (spondaullum) -ii, n. a
sacrificial hymn, accompanied on the flute, Cic
spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, 2. (root
BPOND, Gr. 2UENA, owfiu). to pledge oneself,
promise solemnly , engage ; a, political and legfllt.t.
of alliances, contracts, etc., quis spopondisse
niedicit? Cic ; with arc, quod spopondit, Cic. ;
illis Bpondere pacem, Liv. ; with ace. and infln.,
si spopondissemus urbem banc reliuturum
populuui Romannm, Liv.; b, to be a security or
'■ 'iitnlee for any one; sc quisque paratum ad
spondendum Icilio ostendere, Liv. ; hie sponsum
(supine) vocat, Hor. ; with pro and tlie abl.,
pro multis, Cic. ; c, topromise, betroth a daugh-
ter, Ter., Plant. ; partic subst., sponsus -i,
ni. a bridegroom, and sponsa -ae, f. a bride,
Cic. ; d, to promise, vow ; (a) of persons, with
ace iis honores et praemia, Cic ; with neut.
ace and dc with the abl., quod de me tibi
Bpondere possum, Cic. ; with ace and infin.,
protnitto, recipio. spondeo C. Caesarem talem
semper fore civemqualis, etc., Cic. ; 09), transf.,
of things, quod propediem futurum spondet et
virtus et fortuna vestra, Liv.
spo
537
squ
spondeus (spondius) -i, m. (o-n-oi'Seios),
a spondee ; a metrical foot consisting of two long
syllables ( — ), Cic.
spondyle -es, f. ((nroiSvkn), an insect that
lives upon roots, Plin.
spondylium -ii, n. (o-noM\iov)', bear's-foot,
Plin.
spondylus -i, m. (o-7rdv5v\os). I. one of the
upper vertebrae of the back, Plin. II. the fleshy
part of the oyster or mussel, Plin. III. a kind of
mussel, Plin.
spongia (spongea) -ae, f. (o-noyyia), a
sponge. I. Lit., raritas quaedam et nssimilis
spongiis mollitudo, Cic. II. Transf., 1, an
open-worked cuirass, Liv. ; 2, the roots of the
asparagus, Plin. ; 3, spongiae, pieces of iron
melted together, Plin.
spongiola -ae, f. (spongia), the gall-apple
which grows ujjon rose-trees, Plin.
sponglOSUS -a -uni (spongia), porous, spongy,
Plin.
spongitis -Idis, f. (enroyyiTts), a kind of
precious stone, Plin.
spoils, spontis, f. (from spondeo, as fors
from fero), free-will; only found in genit. and
abl. I. Abl., sponte alicuius, with the free-will
of some one; sponte Antonii, Tae. ; gen., sponte
mea, tua, sua, etc., or simply sponte; a, of my,
thy, his, etc., free-will, voluntarily, of one's own,
accord, willingly, freely; mea. sponte feceram,
Cic. ; b, of oneself, of one's own knowledge;
neque id mea sponte (prospexi), Cic; c, of
oneself alone, without assistance; nee sua sponte
sed eorum auxilio, Cic. ; d, of itself, merely,
alone ; an est aliquid, quod te sua. sponte de-
leetet, Cic. ; e, first, without an example or pre-
cedent ; sua sponte instituissct, Cic. II. Genit,
homo suae spontis, om's own master, Col.
sponsa, v. spondeo.
sponsalis -e (sponsa), of or relating to a
betrothal, I. Adj., Varr. II. Subst., spons-
alia -um or -5rum, n. a betrothal; sponsalia
facere, Cic. ; b, a betrothal feast, Cic.
sponsio -onis, f. (spondeo), a solemn promise,
engagement. I. Of a vow, voti, Cic. II. a
solemn engagement between two parties. A. In
alliances, contracts, etc., a solemn promise,
pleilge, surely, guarantee; non foedere sed per
sponsionem pax facta est, Liv. B. In civil
process, a solemn promise or engagement between
the two parties tlial the loser sludl forfeit a certain
sum, a kind of legal wager ; quum sponsionem
fecisset NI VIR BONUS ESSET, he agreed to
pay the stipulated sum if he was not, etc., Cic. ;
vincere sponsionem or sponsione, Cic.
sponsor -oris, m. (spondeo), a surety, bail,
guarantee, Cic.
sponsum -i, n. (spondeo). I. that which is
promised or guaranteed, a covenant; sponsum
negare, Hor. II. — sponsio No. II., ex sponso
agcrc, Cic.
1. sponsus -a -um, v. spondeo.
2. sponsus -us, m. (spondeo), an engagement,
suretyship, Cic.
spontaneus -a -um(spons), voluntai-y, spon-
taneous ; Sen.
sponte, spontis, v. spons.
sporta -ae, f. ((rn-upt?), a basket, hamper, Plin.
sportella -ae, f. (dim. of sporta), a little
basket, cake, or fruit-basket, Cic.
sportula -ae, f. (dim. of sporta). I. a little
basket, Plant. II. a provision-basket. A. the
basket in which great men were accustomed to give
to their clients and dependents provisions or an
equivalent in money (gen, ten sesterces). Juv, ;
lience, a gift, present, Plin. B. = hzinvov anb
o-m/pi&os, a picnic, Juv.
spretlO -Onis, f. (sperno), a despising, con-
temning, Liv.
spretor -5ris, m. (speruo), a despiser; de-
oruui, Ov.
spuma -ae, f. (spuo), foam, froth, scum ;_ cum
spunias agerct in ore, Cic. ; Venus spuma pro-
creata, from the foam of the sea, Cic. ; spuma
argenti, litharge of silver, Verg. ; spuma caustica,
a sou}) used by the Germans and Cauls for the
purpose of giving a red tinge to the hair, Mart.
spumesco, 3. (spuma), to begin to foam, Ov.
spumous -a -um (spuma), foaming, frothy,
Verg._
spumifer -fera -feYum (spuma and fero),
foam-bearing, foaming ; amnis, Ov.
spumiger -g6ra -geruin (spuma and gero),
foaming, Lucr.
spumo, 1. (spuma). I. In transit, to foam,
froth; spumans aper, Verg. II. Transit, to
cover with foam; partic, spumatus -a -um,
covered with foam; saxa, Cic. poet
spumosus -a -um (spuma), foaming, full oj
foam, Ov.
spuo, spui, sputum, 3. (n-rvio), to spit out;
terrain, Verg.
spurce, adv. (spurcus), filthily, dirtily; fig.,
basely, impurely ; quin in illam miseram tarn
spurce, tarn iinpie dixeris, Cic.
spurcidicus -a -um (spurce and dico),
talking filthily, obscenely, Plaut.
spurciflcus -a -um (spurce and facio),
making filthy, polluting, Plant
spurcitia -ae, f. and spurcities -ei, f.
(spurcus), dirt, filth, Lucr.
spurco, 1. (spurcus), to defile, pollute, Cat. ;
partic. adj. in superl., helluo spurcatissinuis, Cic.
spurcus -a -um (perhaps connected with
spargo), swinish, dirty, filthy, unclean, impure.
I. Ljt, Cat. II. Fig., of character or position,
mean, base, low, foul, impure; homo spurcis-
simus, Cic.
sputatllicius -a -um (sputo) = KaTanruoroy,
abominable, detestable, ap. Cic.
sputator -oris, m. (sputo), one who spite
much, a spitter, Cic.
sputo, 1. (intens. of spuo), to spit, spit out;
cum atro mixtos sanguine dentes, Ov.
sputum -i, n. (spuo), spittle. I. Lit., Lucr.
II. Meton., a very thin plate of metal, Mart
squaleo, 2. to be rough, stiff. I. Gen.,
squalentes conchae, Verg. ; with abl., to be rough
with, to be stiff with = to be thickly covered with ;
tunica or lorica squalens auro, Verg. II. Esp.,
1, to be rough from neglect, dirty, sgiudid, slov-
enly ; barba squalens, Verg.; coma squalens, Ov.;
hence, meton., to wear dirty apparel as a sign of
mourning, to mourn; equalent municipia, Cic;
2, of places, tobe uncultivated, untitled ; squalent
abductis arva colonis, Verg.
squales -is, f. (squaleo), dirt, filth, Varr.
squallde, adv. (squalidus), roughly, in a
slovenly manner ; dicere, Cic.
squalidus -a -um (squaleo). I. rough, stiff;
membra, Lucr. ; fig., of discourse. ro»o7i, nn-
polished ; quoniam sua sponte squalidiora sunt,
Cic. II. Esp., rough from want of attention,
cultivation, squalid, dirty ; 1, lit, corpora, Liv.;
2, transf., a, in mourning attire ; reus, Ov. ; b,
waste, desert; humus, Ov.
squalor -6ris, rn. (squaleo). I. roughness,
liW- Hi roughness arising fr<*"i dirt and
squ
538
sta
neglect, filthiness, squalor; 1, lit., sqnaloria
plenum ac pulveris, Cic; 2, transf., dirty cloth-
ing worn as a sign of mourning; squalor et
mneror, Cic.
squilus -i, in. a kind of salt-water fish, Ov.
squama -ae, f. (squalen), a scale. I. .Lit.,
of a lish, serpent, bee, etc., Cic. II. Transf., a,
of things like scales, e.g., scale, armour, Verg, ;
b, nieton., a fish, Jnv.
squamatim, adv. (squama), like scales, Plin.
squamous -a -uin (squama), scaly, Verg.
squamlfer -lira -ferum (squama and fero),
scale-bearing, scaly, Sen.
squaxuiger -geYa -gSrum (squama and gero),
scale-bearing, scaly, Ov. ; subst, Squamigert
-orum, in. fishes, Lucr.
squamosus -a -urn (squama), covered with
scales, scaly, Verg.
squatina -ae, f. a salt-water fish, a species of
shark, Plin.
St! interj. hush! hist! Per., Plant.
Stabiae -Sruin, f. a town in Campania,
between Pompeii and Surrentum, destroyed with
Pompeii and Heixulanum on the eruption of
Mount Vesuvius. Hence, adj., Stabianus
•a -uin, belonging to Stabiae ; subst. , Stabianum
-i, n. an estate at Stabiae.
stabilimen -Inis, n. (stabilio), a stay, sup-
port, cic.
stabillmentum = stabilimen (q.v.).
stabilio, 4. (stabilis), to make firm. I. Lit..
stipitcs, Caes. II. Fig., to make stable, to
establish ; leges, rcmpublicani, Cic.
Stabilis -e (sto), firm, steadfast, stable. I,
Lit, via, Cic; solum, Liv. II. Fig., firm,
steadfast, stable, lasti/ig, unwavering ; amici, Cic;
matrimoniuui, Cic. ; oratio, Cic; with ad and the
ace, nihil est tarn ad dinturnitalem memoriae
stabile, Cic. ; snbst, stabilla -lain, n. things
that are stable, Cic.
Btabilitas -atis, f. (stabilis), firmness, sta-
bility, steadfastness. I. Lit., peditum in proeliis,
Caes. ; stirpes stabiiitatein ctant iis, quae sus-
tineiit. Cic II. Fig., durability, steadfastness ;
amicitiae, Cic; fortunae, Cic.
stabillter, adv. (stabilis), firmly, durably,
Suet.
stabilitor -oris, m. (stabilio), one who makes
firm, establishes, Sen.
Stabularius -li, in. (stabulum), a Iuvj inn-
keeper, Sen.
Stabulo, 1. (stabulum), to have a stall or
abode, to stall ; in foribus (Orci), Verg.
stabulor, 1. dep. (stabulum) of animals, to
stand, be stabled, abide, Ov.
' stabulum -i, n. (sto). I. a place of abode,
habitation, Plaut. II. a place of abode for
Us and men of the poorer class. A. of
animals ; 1, of wild animals, den, lair; ferarum
stabula alta, Verg.; 2, of tame animals, a tall,
stable; poet., of pasture, Verg.; plot*., stabula,
the stalls, cattle-yard, as a place of abode fur
shepherds; pasturum stabula, Cic. B. Of men
of the lower classes, inn, tavern, pot-house, Cic.
stacbys -yos, f. (cn-axus), horse-mint, Plin.
stacta -ae, f. and stacte -cs, f. (o-tukttj),
oil nf myrrh, Lucr.
stadium -li, n. (<TTd$iov). I. <> Greek mea-
sure of length, being G'25 feet ~ Coo English feet,
and rather less than a furlong, Cie. II. Mcton.,
a race-course; qui stadium currit, Cic; fig.,
contest, emulation; me adnlescentcm multos
aunos jn stadio ehisdem laudis excrcuit, Cir;,
Stagira -orum, m. (2T<iyeipos), a town in
Moo don in, birth-place, of Aristotle, now Libanora.
Hence, Stagirites -ae, in. (SroyripiTr)?), the
Stagirite, i.e., Aristotle.
stagnatilis -e (stagnum), found in ponds or
pools ; pisces, Plin.
stagno, 1. (stagnum). I. Intransit., 1, of
water, to overflow ; stagnans llumine Nilus,Verg.)
•2, transf., of places, to be overflowed, to stand
under water ; Orbis stagnat paludibus, Ov. II.
Transit., to overflow, inundate; Tiberis plana
urbis stagnaverat, Tac
stagnum -i, n. (root STAC, Gr. ST.\r,
whence a-rd^w, crrayuiv, ardyes), water that over-
flows. I. Lit., standing water, left by the overflow
of the sea or of a river, a pool, pond, marsh,
swamp; fontes et stagna, Cic. II. Transf., A.
(poet), a sluggish stream of water; Phrixeae
stagna sororis, the Hellespont, Ov. B. an arti-
ficial tale ; stagna et euripi, Ov.
stagonias -ae, m. (aiayovias), a species oj
frankincense, Plin.
Stagonitis -Wis, f. (o-Tayoviris), the. gum
called galbaiuim, Plin.
stalagmias -ae, m. (<TTa\aypia<;), natural
vitriol, Plin.
stalagrsuum -li, n. (c-rdAay^a), an ear-
drop, pendant, Plin.
Stamen -bus, n. (from STA, root of sisto, as
cTTTj/iui' from i'o-TTjiui). I. the warp, which in the
upright looms of the. ancients was stretched in a
vertical direction; stamen secernit arundo, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, the thread ; a, the thread on the
spindle; stamina ducere or torquere, to spin,
Ov. ; the thread spun by the Parcae, Ov. ; hence,
de niuiio stamine queri, of too long a life, Juv. ;
b, a thread of another kind, e.g., that by which
Ariadne guided. Theseus through the labyrinth,
Prop. ; of a spider, Ov. ; the string of a lyre, Ov. ;
2, melon., cloth woven of thread; hence, the fillet
worn by priests, Prop.
stamincus -a -um (stamen), full of threads,
Prop.
stannous -a -um, mauc of slanniun, Plin.
stannum. -i, n. an alloy of silver and lead,
Plin.
Stata mater = Vesta ; or simply Stata, Cic.
Statarlus -a -um (status), standing firm,
Steady, stable, stationary; miles, Liv.; esp.,
stataria comoedia, a quiet kind of comedy (opp.
comoedia motoria), Ter. ; subst., statarii
-orum, m. the actors in the comoedia stataria,
Cic ; transf., C. Piso, statarius et sennonia
plenus orator, quiet, composed, Cic.
Statclli and Staticlli -Orum, m. a people
in Liguria, whose chief town was Aquae Statiell.
orum or Aquae Statiellae, now Acqui ; hence,
A. Statellas -atis, belonging to the Stcdelli.
B. Statiellenses -ium, m. the inhabitants oj
Aquae Statiellorum.
Statera -ae, f. (manip), a steelyard, a bala nee ;
auriflcis, Cic
staticiilum -i, n. (statua), a small statue,
Plin.
staticulus -i, in. (dim. of 2. status), a kind
of slow dance, Plin.
Statim, adv. (sto). I. without yielding,
firnUy, steadfastly; rem gerere, Plaut. II.
Transf., on the s)iot, immediately, at once; ut
statim alienatio disjunctioque facienda sit, Cic;
foil, by ac, atque, ut, quam, quum, simulac, as
booh as, Cic.
StatlO -onis, f. (sb>). I. a standing, stand-
ing .-till ; inanere in statione, to stand still. Lucr.
II. Transf,, a plafie of abode or sojourn; 1, gen,,
sta
539
ate
alterna fratrem statione redemit, Ov. ; 2, esp.,
a of soldiers, (u) post, watch, picket, guard;
equites ex Btatione, Cues.; stationem portis
disposuit, Liv. ; in stationo and (of several
cohorts) in stationibus esse, Caes. ; stationem
relinquere, Verg. ; (p) quarters ; tig., imperii, Ov.;
de praesidio et stationo vitae decedere, Cic. ; b,
a place of abode, resting-place; sedesapibusstatio-
que petcnda, Vorg. ; in arce Athenis statio (post)
mea nunc placet, Oic. ; c, a roadstead, anchor-
age, lay, Cic. ; tig., fluctibus ejectum tuta
statione recepi, haven, Ov. ; d, the proper place,
order (of things), comas ponere in statione, Ov.
Stationalis -e (statio), standing still, sta-
tionary, Plin.
Statius -ii, in.: 1 ; Caecilius Statins, of
Iiisubria, a Roman comic poet, bom 10S b.c. ; 2,
P. Papinius Statius, an Epicpoet, under Domitian,
composer of Silvae, a Thebais, and an unfinished
Achillas.
StatiVUS -a -urn (sto), standing, standing
still. I. Adj., praesidium, picket, Cic; castra,
fixed quarters, Liv. II. Subst.stativa -orum,
n. (sc. castra), permanent camp, Liv.
1. Stator -oris, in. (sto), a magistrate's ser-
vant or attendant, Cic.
2. Stator -Sris, m. (sisto), the supporter, es-
tablisher, the stayer of flight ; a surname of Ju-
piter, Cic.
Statiia -ae, f. (statuo), a statue, image (of a
man, while simulacrum = statue of a god); simu-
lacra deoriim, statuac veterum honunum, Cic. ;
statuam alicui ponere or statuere, Cic.
statuarius -a -urn (stntua), of or relating
to statues. I. Adj., Plin. II. Subst, 1, stat-
uaria -ae, f. (sc. ars), the art of casting statues,
Plin.; 2, statuarius -ii, m. a maker or caster
of statues, a statuary, Quint.
statumen -lnis, n. (statno), a slay, support,
prop; plur., the ribs of a ship, Caes.
statumino, 1. (statumen), to underprop,
Plin.
Statuo -ui -utuni, 3. (from statum, the
supine of sisto), to cause to stand, put, place, set,
set up. I. Lit., 1, gen., captiyos in medio,
Liv. ; crateras, Verg. ; 2, esp., to set up, erect,
build ; statuam, Cic. ; tropaenm, Cic. ; taber-
uacula, to pitch, Caes. ; urbem, Verg. ; regnum,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, to establish in, one's mind,
to consider, believe; ut mihi statuo, Cic. ; laudem
statuo esse luaxiinain, Cic. ; 2, to resolve, deter-
mine, decide; with de and the abl., de aliquo,
Caes. ; de capite civis, Cic. ; with in and the
ace, in aliqucm aliquid gravius, Caes.; with
ace. alone, stipendium alicui de publico, Liv. ;
with rel. sent., utrum diem tertium an perend-
iniim dici oporteret, Cic. ; with infm., judices
rejicere, Cic. ; witli ut and the subj., ut naves
eouscendercnt, Cic.
Statura -ae, f. (sto), stature, height, size of a
■man; homines tantulae statuiae, of so small
stature, Caes. ; qua facie fuerit, qua statura, Cic.
1. status, v. sisto.
2. status -lis, m. (sto), a stivuling, standing
position. I. Lit., 1, gen., status, incessus,
sessio, Cic; erectus, Cic; 2, esp., posture,
position ; .minax, Hor. ; statu movere hostem,
Liv. II. Fig., 1, gen., position, condition, state;
adversarios de oinni statu dejicere, Cic ; restit-
uere aliquem in pristinuui statum, Cic. ; omnes
vitae status, Cic ; 2, esp., a, one's position in
life as determined by birth ; agnationibus i'amili-
arnin distinguuutur status, Cic; b, a firm posi-
tion, stability, prosperity! civitatis, Cic; c,
rhet. t. t., status causae, or simply status, the
it'tte of the question, state of the case s? qjatr^, Cic.
steatdma -Stis, n. (crreaTiufio), a kind of
fatly swelling, Plin.
stega -ae, f. (o-reyij), a .ship's deck, Plaut.
StegUUS -a -um (artyvos), causing costive-
ness, Plin.
stela -ae, f. ((r-njAjj), a pillar, column, Plin.
Stelis -iuis, f. (ffTe,\is), mistletoe growing on
firs and larches, Plin.
Stella -ae, f. (— sterula, connected with
ao-Trjp), a star. I. Lit., 1, a star, planet, comet;
Stella Saturni, stella Jovis, the planet Saturn,
planet Jupiter, Cic ; stellae incrrautes, fixed
stars, Cic. ; vagao, planets, Cic. ; stella comans,
a comet, Ov. ; 2, transf., a, a figure in the form
of a star, Plin. ; b, a star-fish, Plin. II. In
poets, l,= sidus, constellation, Verg., Ov. ; 2,
= g?t»; auget gemiuos stella serena polos, Ov.
StellanS -antis (stella), 1, starry, set with
stars ; caelum, Lucr. ; 2, bright, shining, glitter-
ing ; gemma, Ov.
Stellatis campus or ager, a very fruitful
district in Campania. Hence, adj., Stellat-
Inus -a -um, Stellatian.
stellatus -a -urn (stella), set ivith stars,
starry; a, lit, Cepheus, Cic; b, transf.,
Argus, having many eyes, Ov. ; ensis, bright,
glittering, Verg.
stelllfer -fera -ferum (stella and fero), star-
bearing, starry; stellifer cursus, Cic.
stelliger -gera -geruin (stella and gero),
star-bearing, starry, Yarr.
stcllio (stelio) -onis, m. a lizard with spots
on its back (Lacerta gecko, Linn.), Verg.
Stcllo, 1. (stella), to set with stars, Plin.
stemma -atis, n. (<jTip.p.a). !• a crown,
chaplet, Sen. II. Meton., a genealogical tree,
Suet. ; transf., nobility, high antiquity, Mart.
Stentor -Sris, m. (STcVrwp), one of the Greeks
before Troy, famedfor his loud voice and the strength
of his lungs.
StephaneploCOS -i, f. (o-Tei/>an):rAdicos), the
weaver of cluiplets, tlie name of a painting by
Pausias, Plin.
Stephauitis -Wis, f. (orccpai'ms), a kind of ■
vine, Plin.
stephanoinelis -is, f. a plant which stops
a bleeding at the nose, Plin.
StephaUOpoliS -IS, f. ((rre^ai/dTriuXis), tlie-
seller of cluiplets ; the name of a picture by Pausias,
also adled stephaneplocos, Plin.
Stephanos -i, m. (<rT<?<pa>/os), lit., a garland,
chaplet ; the name of several plants, Piin.
stercdrariUS -a -um (stercus), o/or relating
to dung, Varr.
stercoratio -onis, f. (stercoro), a manuring,
Varr.
stercoreus -a -um (stei-cus), filth y, stinking;
miles, Plaut.
stercoro, 1, (stercus), to dung, manure;
agium, Cic.
stercus -6ris, n. dung, muck, manure, Cic. ;
as a term of reproach, stercus curiae, Cic.
stergethron -i, n. (ort'pyijflpoi/), a plant,
great houseleek, Plin.
sterilesoo, 3. (sterilis), to become barren,
Plin.
Sterilis -e (conuected with Gr. irrepeds,
crTeppos). I. barren, unfruitful, sterile (applied
to animals and plants). A. a, lit., nger, Verg. ;
vacca.Verg.; b, transf. = empty; corpora sonitu
sterila (=sterilia), Lucr. B. Pig., unfruitful,
empty, vain; amor, unrequited, Ov. II. (Poet.)
acr, ; making unfruitful; robigo, IJor,
ste
5-10
sti
BterTlitas -atis, f. (sterilis), unfmitfulness,
sterility, barrenness; agrorum, Cic. ; nmlierum,
Plin.
sterllus = sterilis (q.v.).
sternax -Sola (storno), throwing to the
ground ; equus, throwing his rider, Verg.
Stcrno, stravt, stratum, 3. (root STER,
Gr. STOP, whence <7T0p{vwfj.i). I. to stretch
out, spread out. A. Gen., vellus in iluro solo,
Ov. ; arenam, Ov. ; strata jacent passim sua
quaque sub arbore poma, Verg. B. Esp., 1, a,
to stretch on the ground, lay down, throw down;
corpora passim, Liv. ; reflex., se sternere, to lie
down. ; se soinno in litore, Verg. ; so pass, as
middle, sterni passim feraram ritu, Liv.; partic,
Stratus -a -uui, stretched out, prostrate ; liumi,
Cic. ; b, to throw down violently, to strike to the
ground, lay low ; (a) lit., caede viros, Verg. ;
ingenti caede sterni, Liv. ; poet., ventos, to
calm, Hor. ; (3) fig., to overthrow, lay prostrate ;
alllictos so et stratos esse, Cic. ; 2, to make,
smooth, level; a, of the sea, (a) placldi strav-
crnnt aequorn venti, Verg.; (/3) fig., to calm,
allai] ; odia militant, Tac. ; b, to make a rough
road smooth, to level; viam, Lucr.; osp., to i ave ;
Bemitam saxo quadrate, Liv. II. Meton., to
cover, overlay with; a, solum telis, Verg.; b,
esp., (a) to cover with carpels, etc. ; triclinium,
Cic; (/3) to saddle a horse ; equuin, Liv.
sternumentum -i, n. (stern uo), a sneezing,
sneeze, Cic.
Stemuo -iii, 3. (connected with TTTapia'iu.ai).
I. Intransit., to sneeze; a, lit., Plin.; b, bransf.,
of a li^lit, to crackle, sputter, Ov. II. Transit.,
to give by sneezing ; omen, Prop.
sternutamentum -i, n. (sternuo), a sneez-
ing, sneeze, Sen.
sterqullinrum -li, n. (stereus), a dung-pit,
Plant.
Stcrtlnlus -li, m. a Stoic philosopher. Hence,
Stortlnlus -a -urn, of Stcrtinius.
sterto, 3. (connected with &ep0u, HapBdvu),
to s)iore, Cic.
Stesichorus -i, m. (Sr^o-i^opo?), a Greek
lyric poet of Jiimera (G32-553 B.C.), contempm-ary
of Sappho.
Sthenelus -i, m. (2fleVeXo?). I. son of
Capancus and Euadne, one of the Epigoni, leader
of the Argives against Troy under Diomedes.
II. king in Liguria, whose son Cycniis was
changed into a swan. Hence, A. Sthene-
leitis -a -urn, Sthenelean ; hostis, Eurystheus,
Ov. ; proles, Cycnus, Ov. B. Stheneleis
-Mis, f. Sthenelean; volucris, the swan, Ov.
Stlbadlum -li, n. (TTi/3aSior), a semicircular
sofa, Plin,
stibium -li, i). (stlbl and stlmml -is, n.),
antimony, used for dyeing the eyebrows black,
and as an eye-salve, Plin.
Stigma -fltis, n. (rrriyp.a). I> "- mark or
Ik & put upon slaves; 1, lit., Sen.; 2, fig.,
infamy, stigma, Mart. II. a cut inflicted by an
unskilful barber, Mart.
Stigmatias -ae, m. (o-Tiyjian'as), a branded
slave, Cic.
stilla -ae, f. (dim. of stiria), a drop, Cic.
sf.L' iticuis -a -um (still o), dropping, drip-
ping, hn.
• Stilllcldlum -li, n. (stilla and cado). I.
a drip/ting or dropping moisture, Lucr. II. Esp.,
rain-water falling from the eaves of houses, Cic.
stillo, 1. (stiila). I. Intransit, to drip, drop;
de ilico stillabant niella, Ov. ; pugio stlllans,
dripping with blood, Cic. II. Transit., to drop,
let drop; a, lit, ex oculis rorem, Hor. ; b, fi^-,
fcuae litterae, quae mihi quiddani quasi animulae
stillarunt, Cic.
Stilus (not stylus) -i, m. (for stig-lus ; cf.
Gr. ctti'^o), (Triyiin). I. a stake, pale, Auct. b.
Afr. II. 1, the pointed iron or bone instru-
ment with which the llomans wrote on their
waxen tablets, Plin.; as one end was flat, in
order to erase the impression made by the oilier,
vertere stilum = /o rub out, erase writing, Hor. ;
vertit stilum in tabulis suis, Cic. ; 2, melon.,
writing, com)>osing, written composition, and
hence, mode of writing, speaking, style; stilus
exercitatus, a practised pen, Cic. ; unus sonus
est totius orationis et idem stilus, Cic.
stimulatio -5nis, f. (stimulo), a spurring
on, stimulating, Tac.
Stimulatrix -icis, f. (stimulator), she that
goads on, stimulates, Plant
Stlmulcus -a -mil (stimulus), relating to the
goad ; supplicium, punishment (of slaves) with
the goad, Plaut
stimulo, 1. (stimulus). I. to goad, prick,
Lucan. II. Fig., 1, to goad, disquiet, vex, annoy ;
to conscientiac stimulant maleficiorum tuoruni,
Cic. ; 2, to goad, incite, stir up, stimulate to any
action ; (a) with ace, aliquem incitare et stimul-
are, Verg. ; (0) with ad and the ace, ad huius
salutem defeiidendam stimulari, Cic; (y) with
ut anil the subj., ut caverem, Cic. ; (<3) poet,
with intin., Verg.
Stimulus -i, m. (root STIG, whence in-stig-0
and 1. stinguo ; Gr. 2Tir, whence a-ri^ui, <jTiypr\).
I. Milit. t. t., stimuli, pointed stakes to repel the
advance of troops, Caes. II. a goad used for
driving cattle, slaves, etc. A. Lit., Plant.; used
contemptuously, dum te stimulis fodiam, Cic.
B. Fig., &,asting,torment ; doloris, Cic. ; amoris,
Liv.; b, a goad, spur, incentive, stimulus; gloriae,
Cic. ; alicui stimulos admovere, Cic.
1. * stinguo, 3. to goad, a word only found
in compounds, such as distinguo, instingno,
interstinguo (interstinctus).
2. stinguo, 3. to extinguish, put out, Lucr.
stipatio -onis, f. (stipo), a crowd of attend-
ants round any one, numerous suite, retinue, Cic.
st'ipator -oris, m. (stipo), an attendant, fol-
lower ; plur., a suite, train, retinue, Cic.
Stipatus -a -um, p. adj. (from stipo).
stipendiarlus -a -um (stipendium). I.
liable to taxes or tribute, tributary; Aeduos sibi
stipendiaries factos, Cic. ; vectigal, a yearly
contribution, Cic; subst, stipendlarii -orum,
m. tributaries; socii stipendiariiquo populi
Romani, Cic. II. Of soldiers, serving for pay,
mercenary, Liv.
stipendlor, 1. dep. (stipendium), to serve,
serve Jor hire, Plin.
stipendium ii, n. (= stipipendium, from
stips and pendo). I. a tax, tribute, contribu-
tion; a, lit, stipendium imponere alicui, Caes.;
pacisci annuuui stipendium. Liv. ; b, transf.,
punishment ; quod me mnnet stipendium ? Hor.
II. pig of a soldier; a, lit (in full, stipendium
militare), stipendium alicui decernere, Cic. ;
persolvere, Cic; flagitare, Cars.; stipendia mer-
ere and mereri, to serve in the army, Cic. ; b,
mcton., military service; finis stipendiorum,
Cic. ; esp., a year's service, campaign ; septem
et viginli enumerare stipendia, Liv.; fig., tain-
quani emeritis stipendiis libidinis, ambition is,
etc., Cic.
Stipes -itis, m. (<ttvtto<;), a log, stump, trunk
of a tree ; a, in a rough state, Verg. ; poet., a
tree, < )v. ; b, worked into something, a stake,
past, Caes. ; poet., a club, Ov. ; as a term o; re-
proach, blockhead, Tor,
sti
641
6 tO
Stipo, 1. (connected with Gr. <ttc<Ji-o>,
frTt'^-oros, etc.), to press closely together, com-
press. I. Gen., niella (of bees), Verg. ; ita
in arte stipatae erant naves ut, etc., Liv. ;
Graeei stipati, quini in lectulis, saepe plures,
Cic. II. A. to crowd a place; curia quum
patribus t'uerit stipata, Ov. B. to press round,
accompany, surround, attend ; senatum armatis,
Cic. ; qui stipatus semper sicariis, saeptus ar-
niatis, munitus judicious fuit, Cic; senectus
stipata studiis juventutis, Cic.
Stips, stlpis, f. an offering, gift, donation in
money, a religious offering, alms; stipem con-
ferre, Liv. ; stipem cogere, Cic. ; stipem ant
stipes dare, Ov., Tac. ; stipem tollere, to put an
end to begghig, Cic.
Stipula -ae, f. the stalk, haulm; a, of corn ;
plnr. =strav>, Ov. ; b, of a reed, contemptuously
of a flute made of a reed, a reed-pipe, Verg. ; c,
of the bean, Ov.
stipulatio -onis, f. (stipulor), a verbal agree-
ment, covenant, stipulation, Cic.
stipiilatiuncula -ae, f. (dim. of stipulatio),
an unimportant engagement or stipulation, Cic.
Stipulator -oris, m. (stipulor), one who stipu-
lates for or demands a formal agreement, Suet.
Stipulor, 1. dep. to demand, stipxdate for by
a formal agreement, Cic.
Stiria -ae, f. an icicle, Verg.
stirpesco, 3. (stirps), to run to stalk, Plin.
stirpitiis, adv. (stirps), root and branch,
thoroughly, entirely, Cic.
stirps (stirpes, stirpis), stirpis, f. I. the
stuck or stem of a tree. A. Lit., a, the trunk with
the root, Cic. ; b, tlie trunk, Verg. ; C, a branch,
a young shoot or sprout, Verg. B. Transf., 1, of
plants, a, « plant, stalk, root; stirpes et herbae,
Cic. ; b, a twig, Lucr. ; 2, of liair, the root,
Prop.; 3, of men, a, abstr., the stem = the
source, origin ; divina, Verg. ; ne Italicae quid-
em stirpis, Liv. ; a stirpe par, Verg.; b, concr.,
(a) male offspring ; unum prope puberem aetate.
relictum stirpem genti Patriae, Liv. ; (JS) family,
race; Herculis, Cic; (y) offspring; stirpem ex
se relinquere, Liv. II. Fig., the root; 1, gen.,
ex liac nimia licentia ut ex stirpe quadam exsist-
ere et quasi nasci tyrannum, Cic. ; Carthago ab
stirpe interiit, root and branch, Sail.; 2, esp., a,
foundation, origin; virtutls, Cic. ; b, original
nature, Cic. (stirps masc. once in Verg.).
stiva -ae, f. a plough-handle, Verg.
stlatarius -a -um (from stlata, a kind of
ship), brought by sea, and therefore, costly, Juv.
stliis, archaic = lis (q.v.).
Stloppus -i, m. the noise of a slap on the in-
flated cheeks, Pers.
Sto, stSti, statum, staturus, stare (STA, root
of i-<TTi\-)xi), to stand. I. As opposed to sitting,
to remain standing. A. Lit., 1, gen., a, of
persons, quum Virgo staret, et Caecilia in sella
sederet, Cic. ; ad januam, Cic. ; b, of things,
quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic; 2,
esp., a, milit. t. t., to stand, to be stationed ;
pro porta, Liv. ; b, of buildings, to stand, to
be built ; jam stabant Thebae, Ov. ; c, of ships,
to be at anchor ; stant litore puppes, Verg. ; stare
ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non poterat,
Liv. ; d, to stand upright, stand on end ; steter-
untque comae, Verg. ; e, with abl., to stand stiff
with, to be full of, loaded xuith ; stat nive can-
didum Soracte, Hor. B. Fig., 1, gen., pericula
stant circum aliquem, Verg. ; 2, to stand at the
side of, to support, or to stand opposite to as an
enemy, lo range oneself; a, with ab and the abl.,
stare a se potiua quam ab adversariis, Cic. ;
b, with cum and the abl., vobiscum me stet-
isse dicebdt, Cic; o, with pro and the abl.,
pro nobis, Ov.; d, with in or contra oradversua
and ace, quunl saepe a mendacio Contra verulu
stare homines cousueseerent, Cic. ; 3, to rest
upon; omnia in Ascanio carl stat cuiD parentis,
Verg. ; 4,= to cost (like English stand) ; centum
talentis, Liv. ; transf., niulto sanguine ac vul-
neribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv. II. A.
Lit., 1, as opposed to motion, to stand still, not
to move; a, lit., (a) of animals, equus stare nescit,
Ov.; (fi) of things, e.g., of ships, videsne navein
iilam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi
sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. ; b, transf., of time,
to slop, stand still ; velut.i stet volucris dies,
Hor. ; 2, with the notion of steadfastness ; a,
milit. t. t., (a) to stand, hold one's ground; qui
(miles) stetcrit, Cic. ; stare in pugna, Liv. ; (fi)
transf., of a battle, tu remain in a certain posi-
tion, to waver, not to be decided; diu pugna
neutro inclinata stetit, Cic; b, of buildings,
rocks, etc., to stand firm, last, endure, remain;
nee donius ulla nee urbs stare potent, Cic;
C, of missiles, to stick fust, remain; hasta stetit
medio tergo, Ov. B. Fig., 1, gen., to remain
still, remain, continue; utiuam lespublica stet-
isset quo coeperat statu, Cic. ; 2, stare per ali-
quem, to happen through some one's fault, Ter. ;
often stat or non (nihil) stat per aliquem, foil,
by quominus and sub.)., it is owing to some one
that not, etc., Cic, Liv. ; stat per aliquem, foil,
by quin or ne and subj., Liv. ; 3, with the
in .i of steadfastness or duration ; a, toremuin
steadfast, firm, immovable, to stand one's ground,
hold out ; si stare non possunt, corruant, Cic. ;
stas ammo, Hor. ; staraus animis, Cic. ; b, to
remain firm in something ; (a) to remain in, con-
tinue in; with in and the abl., in tide, Cic;
with abl. alone, suis stare judiciis, Cic ; (|3)
transf., to be fixed or determined ; stat sua cuique
dies, Verg. ; tetnpus agendae rei nouduin stare,
Liv. ; stat alicui sententia, with infln., to be re-
solved or determined to, Liv. ; so stat alicni, or
simply stat, Cic ; c, of a play or an actor, to
please, gain applause, keep 'he stage, Hor. (perf.,
BtetSrunt, Verg., Aen. II. 774; III. 48).
Stoice, adv. (Stoicus), like a Stoic, stoically,
Cic.
Stoicida -ae, in. a satirical name given lo a
voluptuary who pretended to be a Stoic, Juv.
Stoicus -a -um (Stohko?), of or relating to
Stoic philosophy, Stoic; schola, Cic Subst.,
a, Stoicus -i, m. a Stoic philosopher, Cic ; b,
Stoica -orum, n. the Stoic philosophy, Cic.
Stdla -ae, f. (o-toAtj), a long outer garment.
I. the long outer garment worn by Itoman ladies,
robe, Cic. II. Of men, the robe of a flute-player
at the festival of Minerva, Ov.
Stolatus -a -um (stola), clad in a slola, Suet.
stolide, adv. (stolidus), stupidly, foolishly,
stolidly ; stolide laetus, Liv. ; stolide ferox, Liv.
stolidus -a -um (connected with stultus).
I. st upid, foolish, dull, obtuse; a, of persons, o
vatnm stolidissime, Ov.; b, of tilings, tiducia,
superbia, Liv. II. inactive, indolent, Cic
Stdlo -onis, m. a useless sucker, superfluous
shoot on a tree, Plin.
storaa.c5.co -es, f. (arojioicaio)), a disease of
the mouth or gums, Plin.
st6maohicus -a -um (o-tohoxikos), HtfV in 9
from disease in the stomach, Plin. ..''JT'
stomaehor, 1. dep. (stomachus),fa6£kn<7ri/,
pettish, irritated, vexed; a, absol., stomachari /
eoepit, Cic; b, with cum and the abl., eumA-
Metello, Cic. ; c, with abl., jucundissimis tuis *.-,
litteris, Cic. ; d, with quod, quod de eadein
re again saepius, Cic; e, with si, si quid asperius
dixerain, Cic. ; f, with neut. ace, omnia, Cic. _
sto
542
Stl
Stom&choae, adv. (stoms<chosils), jJivrWi/i/,
ntttUfUy, angrily; rescrlpsi ei stomachoaius,
Cic.
stomachosus -a -urn (stomachus), peevish,
pettish, irritable, raw, angry, Cic.
stomachus -i, m. (<rropax°f)- I. the gullet,
the oesophagus, Cic. II. Transf. — vontriculus,
the. stomach. A. Lit., Stomach i calor, Cic;
stomachus iieger, Hor. B. Fig., 1, stomachus
bonus, a good digestion = good humour, Mart.;
2, a, taste, liking; 1 ml i apparattsaimi, sod non
tni stomachi, Cic. ; b, dislike, distaste, luxa-
tion, chagrin, anger ; stomachum facers or mov-
ers alicui, Cic.
stomatice -es, f. (oropaTcioj), a remedy for
diseases of the mouth, Plin.
stcmoma -atis, n. (cnoniona), thin scales of
metal, Plin.
storca (storia) -ae, f. (connected with
aTopeVrvfj.i), a rush mat, Caes.
Strabo -unis, in. (<rrpa/3wr). I. a sqninler,
Cic. II. Fig., an envious person, Varr.
Strages -is, f. I. a throwing to the ground,
overthrow, downfall; a, acdificiorum, Tac. ;
teetotum, Liv. ; b, a sinking down, dying away
through illness ; canum, Ov. ; c, a defeat, a
slaughter, butchery, massacre, carnage; quas
strages ille edidit, Cic. II. Meton., a fallen
viass ; homiuum armorumque, Liv.
stragulum, v. atragulus.
stragulus -a -urn (stemo), covering, serving
as a rug, carpet, mattress, etc., to lie upon. I.
Adj., veatis atragula, Cic. II. Suliat., strag-
ulum -i, n. a covering, rug, carpet, mattress )
etc. ; textile, Cic
stramen -Inis, n. (sterno), straw, litter,
spread under anything, Verg., Ov.
stramentarius -a -um (stramentum), re-
lating to straw ; falces, for cutting straw, Cato.
stramentlcius -a -um (stramentum), made
of straw; casa, Auct. b. Hisp.
stramentum -i, u. (sterno). I. the stall- of
corn, straw, litter ; caaac, quae more Uallico
stramentia erant tectae, Caes. II. a saddle,
housing (for mules), Caca.
Strain incus -a -um (stramen), made, of
straw; casa, Ov. ; Quirites, figures of straw
tAroira every year into the Tiber, Ov.
Strangias -ne, m. (orpayyt'as), a kind of
wheat in Greece, Plin.
strangiilatio -Cuts, f. (strangulo), a chok-
ing, strangulation, Plin.
strangulates = Btrangulatio (q.v.).
StrangUlO, 1. (crTpay-yoAdio), to choke, stran-
gle. I. a, lit., pat rem, Cues. ; b, transf.,
voceni, Quint.; arborem, Plin. II. Fig., to
torment, torture; strangulat inclnsns dolor, Ov.
Stranguria ae, f. (arpayyoupi'ci), a -painful
discharge of urine, strangury, Cic.
strategema -.Ills, n. (o-TpaTijy^a), a piece
of generalship, a stratagem ; trnnsf., strategemate
hominem percussit, Cic.
Strategia -ae, f. (cTTpanj-yi'a), a province,
district, canton, Plin.
strategus -i. in. (o-TpaTnyi'«;), a general,
Plant.
stratiotes -ae, ni. (<rTpanoJT>)q), an aquatic
plant, Plin.
StratlotlCUS -a-uiri (crrpaTi omKo?), soldierly,
soldierlike ; homo, a soldier, Plant.
Strato (-on) -flnls, m. cs.rpa.run'). I. a
Peripatetic philosopher of f.amj'sacus. II, (Strato),
« physician of the titnc of Cicero.
Stratonlcea -ae, f. (^.TaaroviKua), an urt-
portant town in Caria, now Kski Hissar. Hence,
StratSmccnsis -e, belonging to Stratonicea.
stratum -i, n. (sterno), that which is spread
out. I. a covering; 1, the covering of a nig,
hal, blanket, and meton., n bed; mollc stratum,
Liv.; strato aurgere, Verg.; 2, a horse-cloth,
saddle-cloth, saddle, Liv. II. a pavement ; strata
viarum, Lucr.
Stvatura -ae, f. (sterno), ff paving, pave-
ment, Suet.
1. stratus -a -um, partic. of sterno.
2. Stratus -i, f. (S-rpdTos), a town in Acar-
nania on the Achelous.
strcna -ae, f. I. a portent, omen, riant.
II. a new year's gift (Fr. etrennc), Suet.
strenue, adv. (strenuus), briskly, promptly,
actively, strenuously ; armacapere, Cic.
strenuitas -atis, f. (strenuus), briskness,
promptness, activity, Ov.
Strentio, 1. (strenuus), to be brisk, prompt,
active, Plant.
strenuus -a -run, brisk, jwmjtf, active,
strenuous, vigorous; a, lit., of persons, fortis ae
strenuus socius, Liv. ; gens lingua strenua magis
quam factis, Liv.; compar., strenuior, riaut. ;
superl., strenuissimus quisque ut occiderat in
proelio, Sail. ; in a had sense, turbulent, rest-
less, Tac. ; b, transf., navis, fast, Ov. ; inertia,
masterly inactivity, Hor.
Strepito, 1. (intens. of strepn), to make a
loud noise, to rustle, rattle, clatter, Verg.
strepitus -us, m. (strepo). I. a loud noise,
clattering, crashing, creaking, rumbling ; rota-
rum, Caes. ; iluniinum, Lie; valvarnm, Hor.;
inter strepitum tot bellorum, Liv. ; plur., strep-
itus nocturni, Liv. II. Poet., transf'., a
measured, reanlar sound; tcstudinis aurcae,
Hor.
sti'cpo -iii -Ituin, 3. I. to make a loud noise,
creak, rattle, clash, rumble, clatter. A. Intransit.,
n, of living beings, mixti strepentium paven-
tiumque clamores, Liv. ; Rtrepere vocibus, Sail.;
b, of tilings, arma ct scuta otTensa quo levins
strepereut, make less noise, Sail. ; (luvii strepunt
hiberna nive turgidi, Hor.; esp., of places, to
resound; ludos litterarum strepere discentium
vocibus, Liv. B. Transit., haec quum strep-
ereut, cried out, Liv. II. Poet., transf., of
musical instruments, to crash, bray; strepunt
litui, Hor.
strepsicoros -otis, m. (crTpe^iKf'pws-), an
African animal, with twisted horns, Plin.
Stria -ae, f. a. furrow, ridge, Plin.
strictim, adv. (strictus). I. closely, Plant.
II. Fig., superficially, slightly, briefly, summarily ;
dicere, Cic; librum attingcre, Cic.
Strictivus -a -um (stringo), plucked, gathered,
stripped off, Cato.
strictor -oris, in. (stringo), one who plucks,
Cato.
Strictura -ae, f. (stringo), a bar nf iron,
Verg.
StrlotUS -a -um, p. adj. (from stringo), thrum
together; hence, I. Lit., close, Ugh'; janua
strictissim'n, Ov. II. Fig., 1, brief, concise,
Quint.; 2, of character, rigid, severe, strict,
S.n.
Btrideo (strido), strldi -ere and -er,e
(connected with .rpc£<o),' to make a harsh noise,
to creak, gr<de,'hiss, etc ; of snakes, Verg. ; of a
missile, Verg. ; of the wind, Verg. ; of the rope
of a ship, Ov. ; of a waggon, Verg. ; of the sea,
Verg.; of men, inainjbile stridet, li*p*, Ov.; of
bees, to hum, Verg.
Stf
543
stu
Stridor -oris, in. (strido), d creaking, grat-
ing, hissing, whistling cry or noise, of the wind,
Cic. ; of the hinge of a door, Cic. ; of a saw, Cic;
of animals, as a snake, Ov. ; of a pig, grunting,
Ov. ; of asses, braying, Ov. ; of bees, humming,
Ov. ; of men, tribuni, whispering, Cic.
Stridulus -a -urn (strido), creaking, hissing,
whistling, grating; cornna (of a spear), Verg ;
claustra, Ov.
striges -urn, f., v. strix.
strigilis -is, aid. -i, genit. plur. -lum, f.
(stringo), a scraper used by bathers for scraping
the skin, Cic.
Strigmentum -i, n. (stringo), that which w
scraped or rubbed off, Plin.
Strigo, 1. to halt in ploughing, Plin.
strigosus -a -um, lean, thin. I. Lit., equi
strigosiores, Liv. II. Fig., of an orator, dry,
meagre, jejune, Cic.
Stringo, strinxi, strietum, 3. (root STRTC,
connected with <np<xyyu>). I. to draw together.
A. to draw tight together, to bind, tie together ;
1, lit., tamquam lazaret elatum pedem ab
stiicto nodo, Liv. ; stringebant inagnos vincula
parva pedes, Ov. ; 2, transf., of cold, striata
matutino frigore vulnera, Liv. B. to draw off;
1, to strip off, pluck, gather, cli}>, prune; folia
ex arboribus, Caes. ; frondes, Verg. ; rubos, Liv.;
2, to draw a weapon from its sheath, to unsheathe ;
a, lit., gladiuin, Caes.; ferrum, Liv.; cnltnun,
Liv.; b, fig., striugitur iambus inhostes, attacks
an enemy with satirical verses, Ov. II. to graze
= to touch lightly ; 1, gen., metas interiore rota,
Ov. ; 2, esp., to wound slightly ; tela stringentia
corpus, Verg.; poet., transf., (a) to injure;
3iomen, Ov. ; (|3) to touch; animum strinxit
patriae pietatis imago, Verg.
Stringor -oris, in. (stringo), a drawing to-
gether, power of drawing together, Lucr.
Strix, strlgis, f. (crrpiyf), a screech-owl, Ov.
strombus -i, m. (arpoixfios), a species of
spiral snail, Plin.
strongyle -es, f. (orpoyyuXr)), a kind of
alum, Plin.
stropha -ae, f. and strophe -es, f. (otpoc/»)),
a trick, device, artifice, Sen.
Strophades -um, f. (STpoifmSc?), two islands
in the Ionian Sea, between Zakynthos and the
Peloponnesus, the mythical abode of the Harpies,
now Slrofadia or Strivcdi.
strophiarius -li, m, (strophiurn), one who
makes or sells strophia, Plant.
strophiolum -i, n. (dim. of strophiurn), a
small chaplet, Plin.
Strophiurn -li, n. (<TTp6<t>iov). I. a breast-
band, stay, stomacher, Cic. II. a chaplet, Verg.
Strophius -li, m. (2Tpd<|>io;), king in Phocis,
father of Pi/Iadcs ; Strophio natus, Pyladcs, Ov.
Structllis -e (struo), of or relating to build-
ing, used in building, Mart.
Structor -oris, m. (struo). I. a builder,
mason, carpenter, Cic. II. an arranger =
Tpu7r«:^o7roi.o?, a slave who arranged the table and
superintendal the waiting, Juv.
Structura -ae, f. (struo). I. a putting to-
gether ; 1, a building, erecting, constructing ;
parietum, Caes.; 2, meton., that which is built,
a building; aerariae strueturae, mines, mining-
works, Caes. IL Transf., of discourse, an
arrangement, putting together of words ; vcr-
borum, Cic.
strucs -is, f. (struo), a heap. I. Gen.,
pontes et moles ex humanoruni corporum strue
faccre, Liv. II. Esp., a, o heap of wood ; lig-
iul cakes,
' alanx,
noruin, Liv. ; b, d heap of small sacrificial
Ov. ; c, a thick or dense mass, as of the ph
Liv.
striiix -Icis, f. (struo), a heap, Plant.
struma -ae, f. (struo), a scrofulous tumour,
struma, Cic.
striimosus -a -mm (struma), afflicted with
struma, strumous, Juv.
Strumus -i, m. (struma), a herb that cures
the struma, Plin.
struo, struxi, atructum, 3. (connected with
(7-operi'up.i, sterno). I. to place one thing upon
another, to join together, pile up; arbores in
pyrain, Ov. ; lateres, Caes. II. A." to build,
erect, construct; a, lit., pyrain, Verg.; aggereni,-
Tac. ; fornices, Liv. ; b, transf., to prepare (some-
thin-' bad), to devise, contrive; alicui aliquid
calainitatis, Cic. ; periculosas libertati opes,
Liv. ; dices me ipsum mihi sollicitudinenistruere,
Cic. B. to arrange, order, set up; aciem, Liv. ;
transf., compositi oratoris bene structa col-
locatio, Cic. C. to lieap up, load with; altaria
donis, Verg.
struppus (stroppus) -i, m. (<ttp64>os), a
strap, thong, rope, Plin.
struthcus (struthius) -a -um (o-rpoiiflios),
of or relating to a sparrow; mala, sparrow*
apples, quinces, Cato.
strutludcamelinus -a -um, of or relating
to an ostrich, Plin.
struthiocamelus -i, m. (<jTpv0ioicofU]Aos),
an ostrich, Plin.
Struthopus -pddis QnpovSoTrow;), sparrow-
footed, Plin.
strychnos -i, ni. 'mpixvos,'), a kind of night-
shade, Plin.
Strymo (-on) -inOnis and -monos, in'.
(STpu/niui'), one of the most important rivers of
Thrace, rising inMt. Ilacmus and flowing into tlie
Strymonic Gulf, now Karasu or Sti~uma(Strur,io).
Hence, A. Strymonis -Wis, f. (:vrpvp-..ii's),_a
Thracian woman, Oft A mason, Prop. B. Stry-
monius -a -um, Strymonian, poet. = Thracian
or northern, Ov.
Studeo -ui, 2. (perhaps connected with airevSa),
crtrovSrj, anovSa^uj), to be eager, zealous, earnest,
take pains about anything, strive after, be busy
with, seek after, aim at. I. Gen., a, with dat.,
praeturae, Cic. ; novis rebus, politiccd change,
Caes. ; litteris, Cic. ; laudi, Cic. ; b, with ace,
unum, hoc unum, Cic. ; c, with inflii-, or ace.
and infln., studeo scire quid egeris, I should
like to know, Cic. ; d, with ut or ne and the
subj., id studere, ne super impunitatem etiam
praemio sceleris frucretur, Liv. II. Esp., tu
take sides loith, to support, favour; alicni, Cic.
studiose, adv. (studiosus), a, eagerly, zeal-
ously, diligently; qui haec caelestia vel studi
osissiine solet quaerere, Cic. ; b, intentionally,
designedly ; quum studiose de absentibus detrah-
cudi causa malitiose dicitur, Cic.
studiosus -a -um (studinm), eager, zealous,
diligent, anxious for, striving after anything,
fond of. I. Gen., with genit, venandi, Cic;
dicendi, Cic. ; atudioaissimua homo natandi,
Cic. ; with in and the abl., hoc te studiosiorem
in me colendo fore, Cic. II. Esp., A. favour-
able to a person, attached to, devoted to ; inei, Cic. ;
studiosissiinus existiinationis mcae, Cic. B.
devoted to learning, studious; cohors, Hor.
Plur. subst., studlosl -Oram, ra. students, Cic.
Btudium -II, n. (studeo), zeal, eagerness,
ea^er application, assiduity, fondness, desire,
striving after. I. Gen., with subject, genit.,
auiiei, Cic. ; with object, genit, veri reperiendi,
stu
544
sua
Cic. ; ptignandi, Caes. ; stadium quaestfls, Cic. ;
al)sol., incensi sunt studio, Cic; omite stadium
ru aliquid conferre, Cic. ; studio accusare, pas-
sionately, Cic. IL Esp., particular inclination
toicards a person or a thing. A. Towards a
person, attachment to, zeal for, devotion to, good-
will towards; stadia competitorum, Cic; studia
Numidaruni in Jugurtham accensa, ball. B.
Towards a thing, 1, fondness for, partiality, in-
clination; suo qnisque studio maxime ducitur,
Cic; 2, application to learning, study; juris,
Cic ; studiis iilis se dare, Cic.
stulte, adv. with coinpar. and superl.
(stultus), foolishly, sillily, Cic.
stultiloquentia -ae, f. (stulte and loquor),
foolish talk, Plaut.
stultiloquus -a -um (stulto and loquor),
talking foolishly, Plaut.
Stultitia -ae, f. (stultus), foolishness, folly,
silliness, stupidity; multorum stultitiam per-
pessum esse, Cic; plur. , honiinuiu ineptias
ac stultitias non ferebat, Cic.
stultividua -a -um (stulte and video), seeing
things foolishly, in a foolish light, Plaut.
stultus -a -um (connected with stolidus),
foolish, silly, fatuous; a, of poisons, reddere
aliquem stultiorem, Cic. ; stultissima persona,
Cic. Subst., stultus -i, m. a simpleton, a fool,
Cic; b, transf., of things, loquacitas, Cic;
consilium, Cic.
stupa = stuppa (q.v.).
stupefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., stupS-
f lO -factus sum -fieri (stupeo arid facio), to make
senseless, benumb, stun, stupefy; privatos luctus
Btupefecit publlcua pavor, Liv.; partic, stupe-
factus -a -um, astounded, Cic.
Stupeo -rti, 2. (connected with TYn-w,
tu'tttu, to strike and stun by a blow). I. to be
stunned. A. Physically, to be struck senseless,
to be stunned ; partic, atupena, stunned, stupefied ;
quum semisomnus atuperet, Cic B. Mentally,
to be astounded, amazed ; haec quum loqueris nos
stupenius, Cic ; with abl. (at or by), carmin-
ibus, Hor.; with in and the abl., in Turno.Verg.;
with ad and the ace, ad auditas voces, Verg. ;
with ace, donum exitiale Minervac, is as-
tonished at, Verg. ; with ace and infin., Verg. ;
partic, stupens, astonished, amazed; quae quum
merer stupens, Cic II. Transf., of inanimate
tilings, to stand still, to rest; stupuit Ixionis
orbis, Ov.; stupente seditione, Liv.; stupuerunt
verba palate, died away, Ov.
Stupesco, 3. (stupeo), to begin to be amazed,
astounded, Cic.
stupiditas -iltis, f. (stupidns), dulness,
stupidity, senselessness, Cic.
Stupidus -a -um (stupeo), 1, senseless,
stunned, Cic; 2, senseless, stupid, dull; stupid-
inn esse Socratem dixit, Cic.
Stupor -oris, m. (stupeo). I. a, senseless-
ness, insensibility; aensus, Cic; in oorpore,
Cic. ; b, astonishment, amazement ; stupor paties
detixit, Liv. ; meton., a startled man, Cat. II.
senselessness, stupidity, Cic.
Stuppa (Stupa) -ae, f. (o-rvmrq), tow, oakum,
Caes., Liv.
stupparlus -a -um (stuppa), of or relating
to tovi, Plin.
Stuppeus (stupgu3) -a -um (stuppa), made
of tow or oakum; vineula, Verg.
Stuprator -Oris, m. (stupro), a ravisher,
defiler, Quint.
Stupro, 1. (atuprum), to defile. I. Gen.,
puivinar, Cic. II. Esp., to defile, pollute by
lust, rax-isk, Cic.
Stuprum -i, n. pollution by lust, a dcbdUch'
imj, lavishing, violation, Cic
sturnus -i, m. a starling, a stare, Plin.
Styglalis, Stygius v. Styx.
Stylobates -ae and -is, m. (crTv\opa.Tn<;), the
pedestal of a row of columns, Varr.
stymma -Stis, n. (tn-v/Kfia), the main ingre-
dient of a scih-e or ointment, Plin.
Stymphalus (-5s) -i, m. and Stymphal-
um -i, n. (STv/i'/iraAo;), a lake with a river and,
town of the same, name in Arcadia, famous in
legend as the abode of birds of prey with iron
feathers, which fed on human flesh, and were de-
stroyed by Hercules. Hence, A. Stymphal-
Icus -a -um, Stymphalian. B. Stymphalis
-Idis, f. Stymphalian. C. otymphallus -a-um,
Stymphalian.
StyptlCUS -a -um (o-tvtttiko;), astringent,
styptic, Plin.
Styrax -iieis, m. (crnipa£), storax, a resinous
fragrant gum, Plin.
Styx, Stygis and Stygos, ace. Stygem and
Styga, f. (2tv£). I. a river in the infernal
regions by which, the gods swore. II. Poet.,
meton., the lower world, Verg. Llence, A.
Styglalis -e, belonging to the Styx, Stygian.
B. Stygius -a -um, Stygian, infernal; cymba
or carina, the boat of Charon, Verg. ; Juppiter, or
pater, or rex, Pluto, Verg. ; hence, hellish =
fatal, deadly, sad; bubo, Ov. ; vis, Verg.
suadela -ae, f. (suadeo). I. persuasion,
Plaut. II. Personif., Suadela = Uei9m, the
goddess of persuasion, Hor.
suadeo, auasi, suasum, 2. (root SUAD, Gr.
'AA-e'w, av&dvio), lit., to present in a pleasing man-
ner. Hence, I. Intransit. , to advise, give advice ;
an C. Trebonio persnasi cui ne suadere quidem
ausus essem? Cic. ; in suadendo et diasuadeudo,
Cic; of things aa subjects, suadet enim vesaua
fames, Verg. II. Transit., A. to advise something,
recommend something, recommend to; a, with ace,
pacem, Cic; legem, Cic; quod ipse tibi suascris,
Cic. ; with ace of pers., non desino tamen per
litterns rogare, suadere, accusare regem, Cic; b,
with inftn., mori, Cic. ; c, with ace and infln.,
nullani esse rationem amittere eiusinodi occas-
ioneni, Cic ; d, with ut or ne and the subj.,
postea me, ut sibi essem legatus, non solum
suasit, verum etiam rogavit, Cic ; e, with subj.
alone, se suadere, Pharnabazo id negotium daret,
Nep. B. to convince, persuade, Plaut.
suarlus -a -um (sus), of or relating to swine,
Plin. Subst., suarius -ii, m. n swineherd, Plin.
suasio -onis, f. (suadeo).- I. advice, Sen.
II. Esp., a, polit. t. t., the advocacy, recom-
mendation of a proposed law; legis Scrviliae,
Cic; b, rhet. t. t, , eloquence of the persuasive
kind, Cic.
SUasor -oris, in. (suadeo), an adviser, coun-
sellor ; facti, Cic. ; deditionis, Cic. ; esp., one
who advocates a proposed law; iegis, Liv.
SuasoriUS -a -um (suadeo), relating to per.
suasion, Quint. Hence, subst., suasoric*
-ae, f. persuasive discourse or eloquence, Quint.
suasus -us, m. (suadeo), a persuading, e*.
horting, persuasion, Plaut., Ter.
suave, adv. (suavis) = suaviter, sweetly,
pleasantly; suave rubens, Verg.
suavSolens -entia, and suave Slens
-entis (suave and oleo), siceet-smelling, Cat.
suavidicus -a -um (suave and dico), sweetly
speaking, Lucr.
suavillum (savlllum) I, n. (suavis), a
kind of sweet cake, Cnto.
sua
545
sub
BUavIloquens -entis (suave and loquor),
sweetly speaking, agreeable, Lucr.
suavlloquentia -ae, f. (suaviloquens), a
tweet, agreeable manner of speaking, Cic.
suaviloquus = suavfloqnena (q.v.).
suaviolum = savioium (q.v.)-
suavior = savior (q.v.).
suavis -e (connected without), sweet, pleas-
ant, agreeable, delightful. I. As regards the
senses, odor, Cic. ; ftores, Lucr. II. As regards
the mind, litterae tuae, Cic.
suavitas -atis, f. (suavis), sweetness, agree-
ableness, pleasantness. I. For the senses, cibi,
Cic. ; odorum, Cic. ; colons, Cic. II. As re-
gards the mind, vitac, Cic. ; cuius exiinia
suavitas, Cic.
suaviter, adv. (suavis), sv:eetly, agreeably,
pleasantly, delightfully. I. As regards the
senses, q'uain suaviter voluptas sensibus blandi-
otur, Cic. II. As regards the mind, loqui,
meminisae, Cic. ; suavissime scriptae litterae,
Cic.
suavitudo = suavitas (q.v.).
suavium = savinm (q.v.).
sub, prej). with abl. and ace. (connected with
vtto). I. With abl., A. Of place, 1, to express
staying under, tinder; a, with verbs implying
rest, under; sub terra habitare, Cic; subpellibus
hiemure, Cic; vitain sub divo agere, Hor. ;
transf., sub ai mis esse, to be under arms, Caes. ;
sub corona, sub hasta venders, Cic. ; b, with
verbs of motion, sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos
misit, Liv. ; 2, to express nearness to, beneath,
under, at the bottom of at the foot of; castra sub
monte consodit, Caes. ; sub ipsis Numantiae
moenibus, Cic. ; transf., sub oculis dotniui,
Liv.; sub manu esse, Caes.; 3, down in, within;
silvis inventa sub altis, Ov. ; 4, just behind;
quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat, Verg. B. Of
time, 1, during, at the time of, within; primis
spectata sub annis, Ov. ; 2, at, near to ; sub luce
urbem ingressus, Liv.; subadventu Romanorum,
Liv. C. Of condition, 1, to express subjection,
under, beneath; sub iinperioalicuius, Caes.; sub
regno alicuius, Cic; sub rege, uwler the rule of a
king, Cic. ; sub judice lis est, before the judge,
Hor. ; 2, at, on, under ; Bacchi sub nomine risit,
Ov. ; multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur,
Tac. II. With ace, A. Of place, 1, to express
motion, under; manuni sub vestimenta deferre,
Plaut. ; exercituin sub jugum mittere, Caes. ;
transf., sub sensum cadere non possunt, Cic;
2, to express motion near to, under, beneath, at
the bottom of, very near to; sub montem suc-
cedunt milites, Caes. B. Of time, 1, about,
towards, just before; Pompeius sub noctem
naves solvit, about night, towards night, Caes. ;
sub galli cantum, about cockcrow, Hor. ; 2, im-
mediately after; sub eas litteras statim recitatae
sunt tuae, Cic. C. To express subjection,
under; matrimoniuin vos sub legis superb-
issimae vincula conjicitis, Liv. (sub in com-
position, = a, under; b, somewhat, a little; c,
tecretly).
subabsurde, adv. (subabsurdus), somewhat
absurdly, Cic.
subabsurdus -a -urn, somewhat absurd,some-
what foolish, Cic.
SUbaccuso, 1. to accuse, blame, find fault
with a little; aliquem, Cic.
subacidus -a -um, somewhat sour, acid,
Cato.
SubactlO -finis, f. (subigo), a, working up,
preparing ; tig., preparation, discipline. Cic-
subaotus = snbactio (q.v.>
Id
subaeratus -a -um, having copper inside or
underneath, Pers.
subagrestis -e, somewhat rustic, somewhat
boorish; consilium, Cic.
subalaris -e, under the arms, under the arm-
pits, Nep.
SUbalbicans -antis, somewhat white, whitish,
Varr.
siibalbidus -a -um, whitish, Plin.
subalplnus -a -um, beneath or near the Alps,
Plin.
siibamarus -a -um, somewhat bitter; sub-
amara aliqua res, Cic. Plur. subst., sub-
amara -orttm, n. things somewhat bitter, Cic
subaquilus -a -um, somewhat dark-coloured,
brownish, Plaut.
silbarator -oris, m. (subaro), oi\e who ploughs
near anything, Plin.
SUbaro, 1. to plough close to anything, Plin.
SUbarrogautor, adv. somewhat arrogantly
or proudly, Cic
subausculto, 1. to listen secretly, Cic.
subbasilicanus -i, m. (sub and basilica),
one who lounges about a basilica, Plaut.
SUbbibO -bibi, 3. to drink a little, Suet.
subblandior, 4. to flatter, coax, caress a
little, Plant.
subbrevis -e, somewhat short, Plin.
SUbcavus -a-um, somewhat hollow, Lucr.
subcenturio = succenturio (q.v.).
subcingo = succingo (q.v.).
subcontumelldso, adv. somewhut inso-
lently; aliquem tractare, Cic
subcrosco — succresco (q.v.).
subcrispus -a -um, somewhat curled ; cap-
illus, Cic.
subcumbo = succumbo (q.v.).
subdobllis -e, somewhat lame, Suet.
SUbdebilitatus -a -um, somewhat discour-
aged, wanting in spirit, Cic.
subdialis -e (snbdio), in the open air, Plin.
Subst., SUbdialia -lum, n. open galleries, bal-
conies, Plin.
subdlfficllis-e, somewhat difficult; quacstio
subdifficilis, Cic.
subdiffldo, 3. to be somewhat mistrustful,
Cic.
SUbdltlVUS -a -um (subdo), supposititious,
not genuine, false; archipirata, Cic.
subdito, 1. (intens. of subdo), to supply,
apply, Lucr. (?)
subdo -didi -dltum, 3. I. to put, place, lay,
set under; 1, lit,, a, ignes, Cic; se aquis, to
dive under, Ov. ; b, partic, subditus, of places,
lying under or near; subdita templo Appia.
Ov. ; 2, tig., a, irae facem, Lucr. ; alicui acri-
orcs ad studia diceudi faces, Cic ; alicui spiritus,
to infuse, Liv. ; b, esp., to subject, subdue; ne
feminae imperio subderentur, Tac. II. to ptU
in the place of another, substitute. A. Gen., m*
in llirtii locum, Cic B. to substitute falsely,
counterfeit, suborn ; testamenta, Tac
SUbdocco, 2. to teach as an assistant, to assist
in teaching, Cic
subdole, adv. (subdolus), somewhat slyly,
craftily, Cic
subdolus -a -um, somewhat sly, crafty, cun-
ning, deceitful; oratio, Caes.
subdomo, 1. to lame, subject by taming,
Plaut.
sub
546
Sub
subdiibito, 1. to doubt or hesitate a little, be
undecided ; snbdubitare te, qua essem erga ilium
vol nutate, Cic.
subduco -duxi -diictuni, 3. I. to draw from
wider, to withdraw, take away, esp., secretly. A.
Lit., 1, gen., enseni capita, Verg. ; lapides ex
turri, (Jaes..; transf., se subdueere - colles incipi-
unt, to withdraw themselves gradually, i.e., slope
down to, Verg. ; 2, esp., a, to take away to some
place, lead away, draw ojf; aliquem in oontionein,
Liv. ; esp., as milit. t.t., cohortcs o dextro
cornu, Liv. ; copias in proximum collem, Caes. ;
b, to take away secretly, to steal ; I'm to obsides,
Liv. ; sesubducere, to withdraw secretly, go away
quietly, tostealaway ; decirculo se subduxit, Cic. ;
c, to take away ; cibum athletae, Cic. ; pugnae
Tunium, Verg. B. Transf., subducere rationein,
or ratiunculain, to balance an account, cast up,
reckon, Cic. ; so also calculos, Cic. ; sumniam,
Cic. II. to draw upon high, lift up; 1, gen.,
cataractamin tantuin altitudinis, Liv. ; 2, esp.,
naut. t.t., to draw or haul up a ship on shore ;
classem, Liv. ; naves, Caes.
subductarius -a -uin (subduco), useful for
drawing up; funis, Cato.
subductio -Onis, f. (subduco). I. the draw-
ing up of a ship on dry land, Caes. II. a reckon-
ing, computing, Cic.
subduleis -e, somewhat sweet, Plin.
SUbdurus -a -um, somewhat hard, Q. Cic.
SUbedO -edi -esum, 3. to eat under, wear
away; scopulus. quern rauca Bubederat nnda,
Ov.
sr. beo -Ti -I him -Ire, to go under, come under,
pass vntler, dive under, crawl, under. I. A. Lit,
a, witli a prep., subit oras liasta perinias clipei,
verg. ; b, with dat., lueo, Verg. ; as a bearer
(under a burden), ingenti feretro, Verg. ; C, with
aec, aquas, Ov. ; tectum lion subisse, Cac^;. ;
mucronem, to run under, Verg. ; as a beaver,
onus dorso gravius, Hor. ; d, absol., ille astu
subit, Verg. B. l°ig. to go under (as a burden),
to submit to, to take, upon oneself; quamvis car-
nilicinam, Cic; quemqne casum, Cic; pro
ainico periculuin aut invidiam, Cic, ; minus
Bermonis subissem, Cic. II. to approach to.
A. to come near a point, advance to, mount to,
climb to; 1, lit., a, (a) with prep., sub orbem
soiis (of tlie moon), Liv. ; in latebras, Ov. ; ad
urbem, Liv. ; (/3) with dat., mum, Verg. ; (y)
with aec, muros, Liv. ; (6) absol., pone subit
conjux, Verg. ; b, to abroach secretly or gradu-
ally, to steal into ; (o) with aec.,lumina fessa (of
sleep), Ov. ; (£) absol., an subit (amor), Ov. ; c,
of water, to approach near, to wash ; ubi maxime
montes Crotonenses Trasumenus subit, Liv. ;
•2, lig. ; a, to come under ; (a) with sub and the
nee., sub acumen stili, Cic; (/3) with ace.,
clarum subit Alba Latinnm, comes under the rule
of, Ov. ; b, to approach some action, to undertake,
take upon oneself ; with ace, invicein proeliuin,
Liv.,; c, of situations or conditions, to come
upon one, happen to, befall ; (a) with dat., sube-
nnt mihi fastidia cunctaruin, Ov. ; (fi) with ace,
horror auiinum subit, Tac ; (y) with infill.,
subit ira cadentem nicisci patrinin, Verg. ; (5;
ahs^'., to draw near, come; snbeunt inorbi
tristisque senectus et labor, Verg. ; d, of
thoughts, to occur, come into tlte mind, creep in ;
(o) with dat., subeant aninio Latmia s.ixa tuo,
Ov. ; (/3) with ace, mentem patriae subiit pictatis
imago, Verg. ; with ace and inlin., cogitatio an-
iniuin subiit indignum esse, etc., Liv. ;(y) absol.,
subiit cari genitoris imago, Ov. B. to come im-
mediately after, to take the place of to follow; 1,
1!., a, with dat., primac legioni terlia, dexterae
alae sinistra subiit, Liv. ; b, villi ace, furcas
subiere columuae, Ov. ; 2, lig., a, with in and
the ace. , in eorum locum subiere fraudes, Ov. ; b»
absol., pulchra subit fades, Ov. (perf., subivit.
Ov.).
suber -Sris, n. the cork-tree, Verg.
subf ... v. suff. . . .
subg ... v. sugg. . . .
subhorridus -a -um, somewhat rough, Cic.
subicio, v. subjicio.
subigo -Pgi -actum, 3. (sub and ago), todrive
under. I. to drive under or to a place; 1, lit.,
sues in umbrosum locum, Varr., ; naves ad cas»
tellum, Liv. ; adverso ilumine leiubutn rem-
igio, to row, Verg. ; ratem conto, to push, Verg. ;
2, transf., to drive a person, to do something
against his will, to force, compel ; gen., witli ad
or in and the ace, Volscos ad deditionem, Liv. ;
with inlin. or aec and inlin., Tarquinienses
metu suliegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,
Liv. ; with ut and the subj., ut relinquant patriain
atque eives, Liv. II. 1, to work through, to work
thoroughly; in cote secures, to sharpen, Verg. ;
digitis opus, to make smooth, Ov. : so esp., to
work the earth, to break up, plough, cultivate ;
terras rissiono. glebarum, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, to
tame; (a) of animals, beluafacilis ad subigendum,
Cic. ; (/3) of men, to practise, train, inure ; tot
subaeti atque durati bellis, Liv. ; b, to subdue,
conquer; subaeti bello, Liv.; populos armis,
Cic; partic subst., victi ac subaeti, Cic
subimpudens -entis, somewhat impudent,
Cic
siibinanis -e, somewhat vain, Cic.
subinde, adv. I. immediately upon, imme-
diately after, Hor., Liv. II. repeatedly, from
time to time, continually, Liv.
siibinsulsus -a -um, somewhat insipid, Cic.
subinvideo, 2. I. to envy somewhat ; sub-
invideo tibi, Cic. IT. Partic, SUbinviSUS
-a -um, somewhat hated, Cic
subinvito, 1. to invite secretly; with ut and
the subj., Cic.
subirascor -Irasei, dop. to be a little angry ;
interduni soleo subirasci, Cic. ; foil, by dat.,
brevitati litterarum, Cic; by quod, quod me
non invitas, Cic
SUbiratus -a -um, somewhat angry, Cic.
SubitariUS -a -um (subitus), sudden, hasty ;
exereitus, milites, legiones, gathered in haste,
Liv.
Sliblto, adv. (subitus), suddenly, unexpect-
edly, on a sudden, Cic. ; dicere, to sjwak extem-
pore, Cic.
subitus -a -um, p. adj (from snbeo), sudden,
unexpected. I. Adj., res, Cic; bellum, Caes.
II. Subst., subitum -i, n. a sudden occurrence,
■unexpected chance ; ad subita rerum, Liv.
Sllbjaceo -jaciii, 2. I. to lie under or be-
neath, Plin. II. to be subject to, belong to, to be
connected with. Quint.
subjecte, adv., only used in superl. (sub-
jectus), submissively, Caes.
subjectio -onis, f. (subjicio). I. a layhtg
under, placing under; rerum, quasi jjcrantuv,
suli aspectnm paene subjectio, Cic II. a coun-
terfeiting, forging ; testauienti, Liv. III. lil.it.
t.t. — ari<VTTo4>opii, the answer yiven by an orator
to a ipiestinn 'which he has himself asked, Quint
subject©, 1. (intens. of subjicio). I. to
place, lay, put under; stimulos alieui, Hor. II.
to throw up from below, Verg.
subjector -oris, m. (subjicio), a forger, coun-
terfeiter ; testamentorum, Cic.
1. subjectus -u, m. (subjicio), a placing,
laying under, Plin.
BUO
547
8Ut>
2. Subjoctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from subjicio).
I. Of places, lying near, adjacent ; Heraclea,
quaeest subjecta Candaviac, Caes. : alter(circulus
tcrrae) subjectus aquiloni, Cic. II. Transf., a,
subjected, subject to; nulli est naturae oboediena
ant subjectus dens, Cic. Subst., subjecti
-drum, in. subjects, dependents, Tan. ; b, exposed
tu ; subjectior invidiae, Hor.
subjicio (siibicio) -jeci -jectum, 3. (sub
and jaeio). I. to throw, cast, place, set, put under.
A. Lit., 1, gen., iguem, Cic. ; illiquid oculis,
Cic. ; acdrs colli, to build under, Liv. ; castra
urbi, to pitch under the walls of, Liv. ; 2, cap., a,
lnilit. tit., to advance near; aciem collibus, or
castris, legiones castris, Caes. ; b, to present;
libelluiu alicui, Cic. B. Fig., 1, gen., ea quae
sub sensua subjecta sunt, Cic. ; res, quae sub-
jectae sunt sensibus, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to siibdue,
subjugate, - subject ; Gallia securibus subjecta,
Caes. ; se alicui, Cic. ; or se imperio alicui ua,
Cic; b, to expose; fortunas innocentiuin tictis
auditionibus, Caes. ; aliquid praeconi, Liv., or
voci praeconis, Cic, or sub praeconem, Cic, to
bring to the. hammer, have sold by auction ; c, to
subordinate; partes generibus, Cic; d, in dis-
course and writing, to place after, append, subjoin ;
rationem, Cic. ; e, to whisper to, to suggest, to re-
mind ; aubjicicna quid dicerem, Cic; consilia,
Liv. ; spem alicui, to infuse, Liv. II. to throw
from tinder; 1, to throw up onhigh, to raise, lift;
regein in equum, Liv. ; reflex., alnua sesubjicit,
shoots tip, Verg. ; 2, to haul from umler ; tragnlas
inter carros, Caes. III. to substitute; 1, gen.,
pctiorem, Liv.; pro verbo proprio aubjicitnr
aliud, quod idem signi fleet, Cic. ; 2, a, to forge,
counterfeit ; testamenfA, Cic ; b, to suborn;
Metellum, Caes.
subjugius -a -um (sub and jugum), attached
to the yoke, Cato.
subjungo -junxi -junctum, 3. I. to join
with, unite to; 1, lit., puppia rostra Plirygioa
subjuncta leoncs, having affixed, Verg. ; 2, rig.,
oiimea artes oratori, Cic. ; carmina percussis
nervia, with playing on the lyre, Ov. II. to
yoke, harness; 1, lit., tigres curru, Verg. ; 2,
fig., to subdue, subjugate; lubes sub imperium,
Cic. ; sibi res, Hor.
sublabor -lapsus sum -Labi, 3. dep. I. to
glide, in, slide in, Verg. II. to glide, away; lig.,
retro sublapsa spes, verg.
sublamina -ae, f. an under-plate, Cato.
sublate, adv. (sublatus, from tollo), highly ;
fig., a, loftily, sublimely ; dicere, Cic; h, proudly,
haughtily ; de se sublatius dicere, Cic.
sublatio -onis, f. (tollo), a lifting up, eleva-
tion ; lig., animi, Cic.
sublatus -a -um, p. adj. (from tollo), raised
aloft, proud, haughty; with abl., hie victoria,
Caes. ; rebus secundis, Verg. ; absol., leo lidens
inagis et sublatior ardet, Ov.
sublecto, 1. (from *sublicio, aa allecto
from allicio), to flatter, wheedle, Plaut.
sublego -legi -lectum, 3. I. to gather below,
pick up, Hor. II, to carry of, catch up secretly ;
liberoa parentibus, to kidnap, Plaut. ; lig., nos-
trum scrinonem, to listen to secretly, Plant. III.
to choose in the place of another person ; in demor-
tuorum locum, Liv. ; e postremo in tcrtinm
locum esse subiectuin, Cic.
sublestus -a -um, slight, weak, trivial, Plaut.
sublevatio -onis, f. (aublevo), a relieving,
assuaging, Cic
sublevo, 1. I. to lift up, hold up; ab iis
sublevatus murum ascendit, Caes. ; aliquem
stratum ad pedes, Cic. II. Transf., to lessen,
diminish; pericula, Cic; oHensioncin, Cic;
esp., a, to lessen or relieve by consoling ; res' fit-
versas, Cic; b, to support ; causam inimici, Cic.
sublica -ac, f. (u-~ofi\ri<;), a pile driven into
the ground, palisade, Caes., Liv. ; esp. of tlio
piles of a bridge, Caes.
SUbllClUS -a -um (sublica), resting upon
piles; pons, a wooden bridge across the Tiber,
said to have been built by Aunts MartiUS, Liv.
subligaculum -i, n. (subligo), a cloth worn
round the loins, drawers, Cic.
subligar -aria, n. = subligaculum (q.v.).
subligo, 1. to bind hdow, bind on ; clipeuin
Binistrae, Verg.
sublime, adv., v. sublimis.
SUblimiS -e (sublevo), high, I. Adj., A. Lit.,
high, lofty, exalted, lifted up ; a, cacumen niontis,
Ov. ; b, in the air, aloft; subliiuia abiit, went away
on high, Liv.; c, raised on high; iret consul sub-
limis curru multijugis equis, Liv. B. Transf.,
sublime, elevated, lofty; a, mena, Ov. ; b, of
style, lofty, sublime; carmina, Juv. II. Subst.,
sublime -is, n. height, Suet. III. Adv.,
sublime, on high, aloft; aer sublime fertur,
Cic ; sublime elatus, Liv. (Other forms : sub-
limua -a -um, Lucr. ; subllmen = sublime, adv.,
Enn. ap. Cic)
sublimitas -atis, f. (sublimis), loftiness,
height; a, lit., Plin. ; b, transf., loftiness, sub-
limity, Plin.
SUblimiter, adv. (sublimis), aloft, on high;
sublimius attollere altum caput, Ov.
sublimus, v. sublimis.
sublingio -Onis, m. (sub and lingo), a scul-
lion, Plaut.
sublino -levi -litum, 3. I. to smear below,
to lay on colour as a ground, Plin. II. Transf.,
1, to line, overlay, veneer with anything, Plin. ;
2, lig., os alicui, to deceive, cozen, cajole, delude,
Plaut.
sublucanus -a -um (sub and lux), about
daybreak, towards morning, Plin.
subluceo -luxi, 2. to gleam forth, glimmer,
Verg., Ov.
subliio -lili -liltum, 3. I. <■> wash from
below, bathe underneath, Mart. II. Transf., of
rivers, to flow beneath, flow at the foot of; liunc
montem (lumen subluebat, Caes.
SUblustris -e (sub and lux), somewhat light,
having a glimmering light ; nox, Hor.
subluvies -ei, f. (sublno), a disease in the
feet of sheep, Plin.
submergo -mersi -mersnm, 3. to plunge
under, to sink; pass., submergi = to dive or
plunge under ; of persons, to bedrowned ; navem,
Tac. ; with abl., classem Argivuin ponto, Verg. ;
often in pass., submersae belnac, living under
the water, Cic ; submersus equus voraginibus,
Cic; with in and the abl., ferrum submersum in
unda, Ov.
subministro, 1. to aid, give, furnish, sup-
ply. I. Lit., tela clam, Cic; alicui pecuniam,
Cic II. Fig., huicarti plurima adjumenta, Cic
submisse (summisse), adv. (submissua).
I. Of speech, softly, calmly; dicere. Cic. ; Demo-
sthenes submissiua a priino, Cic. II. Of charac-
ter, modestly, humbly, submissively ; supplicare,
Cic. ; submissiua nos geramus, Cic
submissim (summissim), adv. (sub-
missus), gently, sojtly, quietly, Suet.
submissio (summisslo) -on is, f. (sub?
mitto), a letting down, sinking, lowering; con-
tentio vocis et submissio, Cic. ; orationis, Cic •
submissus (summissus) -a -um, p. adj.
(from submitto). I, lowered, low: vertex, Ov.;
sub
543
sub
subinisslores, in a lower }>osition, Liv. II.
Transf., A. Applied to the voice, low, soft,
gentle; used of discourse, quiet, mild, gentle;
a, vox, Cic. ; b, quiet, unpretentious ; submissa
dioere, Cic ; orutor, Cic. B. Of character, a,
In a bad sense, mean, abject; subniissiuu vivere,
Cic; ne quid humile, submission faciamus, Cic;
b, in a good sense, humble; submissi petimus
terram, Yorg.
aubmltto (summitto) -mlsi -missum, 3.
1. w let down. A. Lit., 1, gen., fasces, to
lower, Liv. ; alicui se ad pedes, to fall at the feet
of, Liv. ; 2, esp., of places, in pass., submitti, as
middle = to sinkjSlopc down ; submissa fastigio
planities, Liv. B. Fig., 1, gen., aninios, cause
to sink, Liv. ; se, to abase oneself, Cic; 2, esp.,
a, to diminish, lessen; multum (in discourse),
■not to speak strongly, Cic. ; b, to give over ;
alicui iinperium, Liv.; c, to subject to, subordinate
to ; citharae cannas, Ov. ; d, to slacken, relax ;
furorem, Vtrg. II. to place under; fig., to sub-
mit; animos ainori, Verg. III. to send up from
below, to raise; 1, gen., oculos, Ov. ; 2, esp.,
a, to cause to spring up; Mores, Luer. ; transf.,
to produce ; uon monstrum suinmisere Colclii
inajus, Hor. ; b, to let grow ; capillum, Plin. : c,
to rear; vitulos, Verg. IV. to send secretly;
aliquem, Cic; subsidia alicui, Caes.
submoleste (summoleste), adv. (snb-
mole stns), withsome vexation; te non esse Romae
submoleste fero, Cic.
* submolestus (summSlestus) -a -tun,
somewhat vexatious; illud est inihi snbmolestum
quod paruni properaro Brutus videtur, Cic
siifcmdneo (summinfo) -month", 2. to
remind secretly, Ter.
snbmorosus (summorosus) -a -urn, some-
what morose, somevhat peevish, Cic.
subraotor (summotor) -oris, m. (sub-
Tnoveo), one who clears a s/xice in ff crowd, Liv.
submoveo (summ5veo) -raovl -mOtum,
2. to wire away, drive away, remove. I. Lit,.,
A. Gen., a, of persons, aliquem, Ov. ; stiictis
gladiis inertes, Liv.; populum aris, Ov. ; b, of
things, silva Buis frondibus Phoebeos submovet
ictus, keeps off, Ov. ; subiuotis nubibus, Verg.
B. Esp., 1, of living beings, a, to remove, cause.
to witlulraw ; arbitros, Liv. ; recusantcs nostros
advocatos, Cic. ; b, of tlie lictor, to clear a way
for a magistrate, to keep off, move back; turbaui,
Liv.; submoveri .jubet, Liv.; abl. absol., sub-
moto, when a way had beeyi cleared, Liv. ; o, to
banish, expel; aliquem patriS, Ov. ; d, to drive
off in a hostile manner, drive away, force back;
cohortes sub murum, Cans. ; vlctorem hostem a
vallo, Liv. ; lmstes ex muro ac turribus, Caes. ;
2, of things, a, to remove, more back; maris
litora, Hor.; b, pass, par tic, submolus, lying
out of the way, remote ; speluiiea vasto suhmota
recessu, Verg. II. Trail?*'., 1, of poisons, to
keep away from, force from, compel to give up ; a
bello Antiochum et Ptolemaeum reges, Liv. ;
aliquem magnitudine poenae a maleflcio, Cic. ;
2, of things, to remove, banish ; tttnmltus mentis
et curas, Hor.
submuto (summuto), 1. to exchange;
verba pro verbis, Cic
subnascor -natus sum, 3. dep. to grow up
under, grow up out of or after, Ov.
SUbneotO -nexfii -nexum, 3. I. to hind, tie,
bind on beneath; antennis totnm snbnectite
velum, Ov. II. to join or tie together; aurea
pnrpuream snbnectit fibula vestem, Verg.
subnego, 1. to deny a little, partly deny,
Cic.
subnlger -t;ra -gin ni, somewhat black, black-
Uh, Plant.
subnixus (submsus) -a -urn (sub ami
nitor). I. propped under; initra meiitum et
erinem subnixus, bound under, Verg. II, sup-
ported by, resting upon; a, lit., circuli vertic-
ibus .subnixi, Cic. ; b, tig., trusting, relying
upon, depending upon ; with abl., atixiliis, Liv. ;
victoriS, Liv. ; qui artis arrogantia ita subnixi
ambulant, Cic.
SUbnotO, 1. I. to markbeneath, write under-
neath, Plin. II. to observe, notice secretly,
Mart.
subnuba -ae, f. (sub and uubo), a rival, Ov.
subnubilus -a -um, somewhat cloudy; nox,
Caes.
subo, 1. to be in heat, Lucr., Hor.
subobsooenus (subobscenus) -a -um,
somewhat obscene, Cic
subobscurus -a -um, somewhat obscure, Cic.
SUbddiosus -a -um, somewhat odious, un-
pleasant, Cic.
siiboffendo, 3. to give some offence; apud
aliquem, Cic.
subolSo, 2- lit, to emit a smell ; hence, fig.,
hoc subolet inihi, or subolet inihi, I smell, per-
ceive, scent, Plaut.
suboles (soboles) -is, genit. plur., -um
(subolesco). I. Of things, a sprout, shoot, off-
sltoot, sucker, Plin. II. Of living beings, of men
and animals, race, offspring, progeny, issue; a,
of men, stirpis, Liv. ; juventntis, Cic. ; of one
person, suboles imperatorum (of Scipio), Liv. ;
b, of animals, haedus, suboles lascivi gregis,
Hor.
subolesco, 3. (sub and olesco = alesco), to
grow up, Liv.
SUbdrior, 4. dep. to arise, come, forth, spring
up, Lucr.
SUbomo, 1. I. to furnish, equip, provide;
a natura subornatus, Cic; tig., legati Bubornati
criminibus, Liv. II. to incite, instigate secretly,
suborn ; flctunt testein, Cic; aliquem ad caedem
regis, Liv.
siibortUS iis, m. (suborior), a coming forth,
arising, Lucr.
subp ... V. SUpp. . . .
subrado (surrado) -rasi -rasum, 3. to
scrape below, Cato.
subrancidus (surrancldus) a um,
somewhat putrid ; caro, Cic.
subraucus (surraucus) -a -um, some-
what hoarse ; vox, Cic.
subroctus (surrectus), v. subrigo.
subremigo (surremigo), 1. (orow under-
neath, row along, Verg.
subrepo (surropo) -repsi -reptum, 3. to
creep or crawl from below, creep to, approach im-
perceptibly ; a, lit., sub tabulas, Cie. ; nioenia,
Hor. ; b, transf., somnus in oculos subrepit,
Ov. ; Bubrepet iners oetns, Tib.
subrepticius (surrepticius) -a -um
(snrripio), 1, stolen, kidnapped, Plaut. ; 2, secret,
surreptitious, Plaut.
subrldeo (currideo) -risi -risnni, 2. to
smile, Cic
subridiciilo (surrldlcul6),adv. somewhat
laughably, Cic.
subrigo (surrlgo) and contr., surgo,
BUrrexi, surrectum, 3. (sub and rego). I. sub-
rigo (surrigo) -rexi, etc, to raise on high, lift
up; p:iss., subrigi, to rise up ; partic, snbreclus,
rising up; aures, Verg. ; subrecto mucrone, Liv.
II. surgo, Biurexi, surrectum. A. Transit., to
■roi<e up, lift, Plant. B. Intransit.-, to rise, rite.
sub
549.
sub
up erect, stand up; 1, gen., e lectulo, Cic; de
selln, Cic; liuuiu Ov. ; poet., surgit ab Arpis
Tydides, comes /• mi, Verg. ; 2, cap., a, of
orators, to risi up to freak, to come fonro.nl ; ad
d. end urn, Cic. ; b, tc rise up from bed or sleep ;
ante lucem, Cic. ; 3, transf., a, to arise, appear,
bea dm visible ; stirgit dies, Verg. ; ventus, Verg.;
lig , diacordia, Verg. ; b, to grow up, become
larger ; (u) of 'hings, as seed, Hor. ; of the sea,
Ov. ; of buii ngs, surgens novae Carthaginis
urbs, Verg. ; (/i) of living beings, to grow up;
surgens lulus, Verg. (sj'ncop. pert inlln., sur-
rexe, Hor.).
subrigiius (surrlgiiua) -a -um, watered,
irrigated, Plin.
subringor (surringor), 3. dep. to make a
somewhat wry face, to be a little put out, Cic.
subriplo = Burripio (q.v.).
subrSgo (surrogo), 1. to cause a person to
be i7ii.sc/i til place of or as substitute for another
(used of the magistrate presiding at the eomitia,
sufflcere of the people choosing); in anuum
proximum decemviros alios, Cic. ; eollegam in
locum Bruti, Liv. ; with double ace, sibi Sp.
Lucretium eollegam, Cic.
subrostrani (surrostrani) -arum, in.
(sub and rostra), loungers about the rostra, idlers;
ap. Cic.
subrubeo (surrubSo), 2. to be somewhat
■red ; part., subrubens = reddish, Ov.
subriiblcundus (surrfibicundus) -a
-urn, somewhat red, reddish, Plin.
subrufus (surrufus) -a -uin, widish,
Plin.
subrumus (surrumus) -a -um (sub aud
runia), sucking ; agnus, Varr.
subruo (surruo) -rui -rfitum, 3. to tear
down below, dig under, undermine, overthrow,
destroy. I. Lit., arbores, Caes. ; murum, Liv.
II. Fig., to destroy, undermine; nostram liber-
tatem, Liv.
subrusticus (surrusticus) -a -um, some-
what clownish ; pudor, Cic.
subrutiliis (surr Stilus) -a -um, reddish;
color, Plin.
SUbsalSUS -a -um, somewhat salt, Plin.
subscribo -scripsi -scriptum. 3. I. to write
tinder, write beneath. A. Gen., statuis sub-
Bcripsit reges esse exactos, Cic; causam parri-
cidii, Cic. ; haec subscribe libello, Hor. B.
Esp., 1, to sign a document ; a, lit., Suet. ; b,
transf., to support, assent to, approve of; odiis
aceusatorum, Liv. ; irae Caesaris, Ov. ; 2, of
the censor, to write the ground of his censure
beneath the name of the person censured; istain
causam, Cic. ; 3, of an accuser or joint-accuser,
to write their names under the accusation; a, of
the accuser, to sign a charge; hence, to prose-
cute; subscripsit quod is pecuniam accepissct,
accused him of having, etc., Cic. ; iu aliquem, to
accuse, Cic. ; b, of a joint-accuser = to join in
the accusation ; Gabiniuin de ambitu reum fecit
subscribente privigno, Cic. II. to note down,
■make a note of; numerum, Cic.
subscriptio -5nis, f. (subscribo), a writing
beneath, inscription. I. Gen., Cic. II. Esp.,
a, censoria, the noting down of the offence cen-
sured; subscriptiones eensoruin, Cic; b, the
signing of one's )ia»ie to an accusation; (a) of the
accuser, Cic. ; (/3) of a joint-accuser, a joining in
an accusation, Cic. ; c, the signing, subscription
of a document, Suet. ; a, a register, Cic.
SUbscriptor -oris, m. (subscribo), the signer
of an indictment, a joint-accuser, Cic.
gubsecivus = subsicivus (q.v.),
subseco -seVfii -sec'-um, 1. to cut c.waybe-'
low; ungues ferro, Ov.
subscllium -ii, ii. (sub and gella). I. a
low bench ov form, Varr. II. any ordinary or
usual bench used for sitting on, Sen.; a bench in a
theatre, Cic; of the senators in the senate-house,
Cic; longi subsellii judicatio et mora, a hug
sitting to decide, Cic. ; of the tribunes in tlie
market, Liv. ; esp., of tlie benches of the judges,
accusers, advocates, etc., Cic; meton., xubsellia
= jiidieia, courts; habit-ire in subselliis, Cic. ;
versa ii in utrisque subselliis (both as an advocate
and judge) optima et ilde et fama, Cic.
subsontio -sensi, 4. to notice, perceiee se-
cretly, Ter.
Subsdcjuor -seeutus(-sequutus)suiii, :',. dep.
to fallow, follow after. I. a. lit., of persons,
sigua, Caes. ; b, transf., of tilings, atella sub-
Bequitur, Cic. ; hos inotus subsequi debet gestus,
Cic. II. Kg., to follow, follow in opinion,
comply with, imitate any one ; Platoneiu avuu-
culuni, Cic ; suo fermone humauitatem litter-
arum, Cic.
SUbservio, 4. to be subject to, serve, subserve,
comply with, Plant., Ter.
subsicivus (subse'oivus) -a -um (sub and
seco), cut off. ^I.Lit., t. t. of land-measuring;
subst., subsecivum -i, n. a remainder or
small parcel of land, Varr. II. Transf., of time,
superfluous, spare ; tempora, leisure hours, Cic ;
transf., of what is done in the leisure hours,
quae (arripui) subsicivis operis, ut aiunt, Cic.
SUbsidiariUS -a -um (subsidium), of or re-
lating to a reserve, reserve ; cohortes, Caes., Liv.;
subst., SUbsidiarii -Orum, in. reserve troops,
Liv.
subsldior, 1. dep. (subsidium), to serve as a
reserve, Hirt.
subsidium -Ii, n. I. Concr., milit. t. t.,
the troops stationed in the rear, reserved troops, a
reserve, auxiliary forces ; subsidia et secundam
aciem adortus, Liv. ; subsidium and subsidia
submittere, Caes. II. Abstr., 1, nittit 1. 1.,
help, assistance (of such troops), subsidium ferre,
Caes.; sub3idio proficisci, Caes. ; 2, transf., a,
aid, means of aid, help, succour; subsidium
bellissimum existimo esse senectuti otiuni, Cic;
subsidio esse, of persons, to be a help to, Ov. ;
of things, to serve as a help ; his difficultatibus,
Caes. ; or oblivioni, Cic. ; b, a place of refuge, an
asylum, Tac.
subsido -sedi and -sidi -sessum, 3. I. to sit
down, sauat, crouch down, settle down, sink
down. A. Lit., 1, of living beings ; a, subsid-
unt Hispaui, Liv. ; elephanti cluuibus sub-
Bideutes, Liv.; b, to lie in wait for, lurk in
ambush ; iu iusidiis, Liv. ; in loco, Cic. ; with
ace, Asiam devictam, Verg.; c, of females, to
submit to the male, Lucr., Hor. ; 2, transf., of
things, to sink down, subside; subsiuunt undae,
Verg. ; jussit subsidere valles, Ov. B. Fig., to
abate, Plin. II. to remain sitting, to stay, re-
main, settle; subsedi in via, Cic; multitude
caloiiuui in castris subsederaut, Caes.
subsignanus -a -um (sub and siguum),
serving beneath the standard; milites, legionary
soldiers kept as a reserve, Tac.
subsigno, 1. I. to write beneath, sign, sub-
scribe, Plin. II. Transf., 1, to enter on a list,
to register ; praedia apud aerarimn, Cic ; 2, to
pledge, Plin.
subsilio (sussilio) -sllai, 4. to leap up,
spring up, Lucr.
subsimus -a -um, somewhat snub-nosed, Varr.
subsisto -stlti, 3. I. Transit., to make a
stand against, to withstand; feras, Liv.; Ito-
manum nee fjejes subsistere \\]\%e poterant, I4Y.
sub
550
sub
II. Intransit., A. to stand still, come to a stand,
halt ; 1, lit., a, of persons, in itiuere, Caes. ; b,
of things, to stay, stop; substitit unda, Verg. ;
2, fig., to cease; substitit clamor, Ov. B. to tarry,
remain, abide; 1, lit., in Sainnio adrersus
Caudinas legiones, Liv. ; 2, flg., intra priorem
paupertatein, to remain, continue, Tac. C. to
withstand, oppose, hold out ; 1, lit, a, of persons,
Hannibali atque ejus armis, Liv. ; b, of tilings,
quod neque aneorac funesque subsistcrent neque,
etc,., Caes. ; 2, tig., to withstand, support ; sump-
tui, a]). Cic.
subsolanus_-a -uni, eastern, oriental, Plin. ;
subst., subsolanus -i, m. the cast wind, Plin.
STibsortior -sortitus sum, 4. dep. to choose
by lot, to substitute ; judices, to choose fresh jury-
men for those challenged by either party, Cic.
subsortitio -onis, f. (subsortior), the choos-
ing of a judicial substitute by lot ; judicata, Cic
substantia -ae, f. (substo). I. sid>s!ance,
essence, Quint. II. property, means of subsist-
ence; faeultatum, Tac.
substerno -sfcravi -stratum, 3. I. to streiv
or sprcaxl beneath, lay under; 1, lit., cimiama,
Ov. ; 2, fig., to offer, give up; ouinc corporeum
animo, Cic. II. Transf., to cover; gallinae nidos
quam possunt mollissime substernunt, Cic.
substituo -ui -utum, 3. (sub ami statuo). X.
to put under, place beneath; 1, lit., Auct. b. Air. ; 2,
fig., substituerat amino speciem corporis, Liv.
II. to put in the place of, substitute ; a, in locum
eoruin cives Romanos, Cic. ; aliquem pro aliquo,
Cic; aliquid pro aliqna re, Cic; b, lieredem, to
name a second heir in. case of the death of the first,
Huet.
substo, 1. to stand firm, Ter.
substramen -Inis, ri. (substerno), that which
is strewed beneath, straw, litter, Varr.
substratus -us, m. (substerno), a strewing,
laying, scattering beneath, Plin.
substrictus -a -um, p. adj. (from sub-
Btringo), narrow, tight, contracted,, smail ; crura,
Ov.
substringo -strinxi -strictum, 3. to draw
together, to bind, tie beneath, bind up ; crinem
jiodo, Tac ; aurem alicui, to prick up the ear
(in order to listen to some one), Hor.
substructlo -onis, f. (substruo), that whirh
is built below, base, foundation ; substructionum
moles, Caes.
substriio -struxi -structum, 3. to build, con-
struct beneath, lay a foundation ; Capitoliura snxo
quadrato substructum est, built with a founda-
tion of hewn sto:tc, Liv.
SUbsultim, adv. (subsilio), springing up,
1 "pi i'j up, Buet.
subsulto (sussulto). 1. (iutens. of subsilio),
to spring up, leap up, jump up, Plaut.
subsum -fui -esse, to be under. I. Lit.., 1, to
"be behind; snberat Pun ilicis umbrae, Tib.;
nigra subest lingua palato, Verg. ; 2, tu !
at hand ; suberat nions, Caes. ; dies, Cic; templa
mari subsunt,Ov. II. Fig., 1, to be subjected to,
Ov. ; 2, to be there, to exist, to be in question;
nubest nulla periculi suspicio, Cic. ; tamquain
spes subesset, Liv.
subsutus -a -um, sewed beneath; vestia,
fringed, edged below, Hor.
subtegiilaneus -a -um (sub and tegula),
beneath the tiles, under the roof, in-doors, Plin.
subtemen (subtegmen) -minis, n. (con-
tracted from subteximen), that which i.< worked
in; hence, I. the weft or woof in wearing, Ov. ;
.fert picturatas auri subtemine veutes, Verg. II.
Maton., that which is woven or spun, thread,
yam, Tib.
subtendo -tendi -tentum (-tensum), 3, to
stretch underneath, Cato.
si'.bteneo, 2. to hold underneath, Cato;
(syncop. imper., subtento).
SUbtenuls -e, somewhat thin, Varr.
subter (sub;. I. Adv., betieath, below, under-
neath ; omnia haec, quae supra et subter, Cic
II. Prep., beneath, below, underneath ; a, with
ace, cupiditatein subter praecordia locavit, Cic ;
b, with abl., subter se, Cic. (in composition
subter means under, beneath, as in snbtmfluo, or
underhand, in secret, as subterduco).
eubterduco, 3. to lead away secretly, carry
off' secretly, Plaut.
SUbterfluo, 3. to flow beneath, Plin.
SUbtcrfuglO -fugi, 3. I. Intransit., to flee
in secret, Plaut. II. Transit, to escape by stealth,
evade, shun; poeuam, Cic; peiiculuin, Cic.
subterlabor -lapsus sum, 3. dep. I. to
glide, flow under ;' Ructus Sicanos, Verg. II. .'o
slip away secretly, to escape, Liv.
subterlino, 3. to smear underneath, Plin.
subtero -trivi -trltum, 3. to rub off, wear
underneath, to grind, pound, Plin.
subterrancus -a -urn (sub and terra),
underground, subterranean; specus in iundo,
Cic
subtcrvacans -antis, empty below, Sen.
subtexo -texiii -textuin, 3. I. to weave be-
neath ; transf., a, to draw together under ; patrio
capiti (the sun) bibnlas nubes, Ov.; b, tocover,
darken ; caelum fumo, Verg. II. to weave on to;
1, transf., to join to; liuiam alutae, Juv. ; 2,
lig. , in speech, to connect, subjoin; subtcxit
deiiide fabulae huic legates in senatu interrogat-
es esse, Liv.
subtilis -e (contracted from subtexilis, as
tela from texela and exilis from exigilis), lit.,
finely woven; hence, I. thin, fine, slender; 1,
lit., ilium, Lucr. ; 2, transf., a,, gen., fine, accu-
rate, exact; descriptio, Cic; venustas, elegant,
Cic; b, esp., of expression, plain, simple, un-
adorned; oratio, Cic; subtilis scriptor atque
elegans, Cic. ii. Of the senses, fine, acute; 1,
lit., palatum, Hor. ; 2, transf., of taste and dis-
cernment, fine, acute, subtle ; judicium, Cic.
subtilltas -atis, f. (subtilis), thinness, fine-
ness, minuteness. I. Lit, linearum, Plin. II.
Transf., a, accuracy, fineness, subtlety, exactness ;
sententiarum, Cic; sermonis, Cic; b, of dis-
course, jilainncss, simplicity ; orationis, Cic
subtiliter, adv. (subtilis), finely, minutely.
I. Lit, res subtiliter connexae, Lucr. II.
Transf., a, finely, accurately, exactly, subtly;
judicare, Cic; subtilius haec disserere, Cic;
suhtilissime perpolita, Cic ; b, of expression,
plainly, simply, without ornament ; dicere, Cic.
subtimeo, 2. to be a little afraid, with ne
and the subj., Cic.
subtraho -traxi -tractum, 3. I. to draw
away from under; subtractus Numida mortuo
superineubanti Romano vivus, Liv. II. to draw
away secretly, withdraw, remove, take away. A.
Lit., cibutn alicui, Cic ; hastatos ex acie, Liv. ;
se, to withdraw oneself ; se aspectui, Verg. ;
middle, subtrahitur solum, withdraws itself from
under the ship, Verg. B. Fig., inatericm furori
tuo, Cic ; reflex., se subtrahonte, withdrawing
himself (as surety), Liv. ; cui jlulicio cum mors
subtraxit, Liv.; me a curia et ab onini parte
reipublicae, Cic ; aliquem irac militum, Tac.
subtristis -n, somewhat sad, Tcr.
subturploulus -a -um, somewluit disgrace*
ful, Cic
SUbtl'.rpiS -Cj somewhat disgracefv.l, Cic.
BU'b
551
sue
SUbtus, adv. (snk),ber>4atk, below, underneath,
Liv.
subtusus -a -um <^sub and tundo), somewhat
bruised, Tib.
subucula -ae, f. (perhaps from * sub-uo,
whence ex-uo), an inner tunic, shirt, Hor.
subula -ae, f. -a shoemaker's awl, Mart.
SUbulOUS -i, 11.1. (sus), a swineherd, Varr.
subtilo -5nis, in. (connected with sibilus).
I. a Tuscan name for tibicen, a flute-player, Enn.
II. a kind of slay, Plin.
Subura -ae, f. a street in the noisiest quarter
of Home; hence, adj., Siiburanus -a -urn, be-
longing to tho Subura.
suburbanitas atis, f. (suburbanus), vicinity
to the city, Cic.
suburbanus -a -um, near the city (Rome),
Sid/urban. I. Adj., ager, gymnasium, Cic. II.
Subst., A. suburbanum -i, n. (sc. praedium),
an estate near Home, a suburban estate, Cic. B.
suburbani -drum, m. inhabitants of the
suburbs, Ov.
suburblum -li, n. (sub and urbs), a suburb,
Cic.
siiburguco, 2. to drive close to ; proram ad
saxa, Verg.
siiburo (-ussi) -ustum, 3. to burn a little, to
singe, Suet.
Suburra = Subura (q.v.).
subvectio -onis, f. (subveho), a carrying,
conveyance, transport; frumenti, Liv.; plur. , ne
abre frumentariaduris subvectionibus laboraret,
lest he should have difficulties to contend with in
the transport of provisions, Caes.
subvecto, 1. (intens. of subveho), to carry,
convey, transport, bring ; saxa humeris, Verg.
subvectus = subvectio (q.v.).
subvebo -vexi -vectum, 3. to bring up from
below, bring up stream, carry, convey, transport ;
I'rumentum flumine . Arari, Caes. ; subveota
utensilia ab Ostia, Tac.; ;commeatus ex Samnio,
Liv. ; pass, as middle, ad arces subvehitur
inatrum caterva, is borne up, Verg.
SUbvcniO -veni -veutum, 4. to come up to
aid, to help, assist, succour* I. Lit., milit. t. t.,
circumvento filio subvenit, Caes. ; absol., nisi
Bomani subvenissent, Liv. II. Transf., to help,
aid, to remedy or relieve an evil; alicui, Cic;
patriae, Cic; gravedini, Cic.; impers., reipub-
licae difficillimo tempore esse subventum,
Cic.
subvento, 1. (intens. of subvenio), to come
to the help of, Plant.
subvereor, 2. to fear a little, be a little
anxious, Cic.
subversor -oris, m. (subverto), an over-
turner, overthrower ; fig., suarum legum, Tac.
subverto (subvorto) -verti (-vorti) -versurn
(-vorsum), 3. to overthrow, overturn. I, Lit.,
mensam, Suet. ; montes, Sail. ; absol., Hor.
II. Fig., to overthrow, ruin, subvert, destroy;
probitatem ceterasque artes bouas, Sail. ; jura,
Tac.
subvexus -a -um (subveho), sloping upward,
Liv.
subvlridis -e, somewhat green, greenish,
Plin.
subvolo, 1. to fly up, fly forth ; utque novas
humeris assumjiserat alas, subvolat, Ov. ; with
in and the ace, rectis lineisin caelestom locum,
Cic.
subvolvo, 3. to roll up; manibus saxa, Verg.
subvulturius -a -um, somewhat vu\tufe-like,
s= (9V}owha{ brown. Plant,
succavus = subcavus (q.v.y . ,
succedaneus ( succidaneus) -a. -nm («nc-
cedo), following, succeeding, ensuing, supplying
the place of, Plaut.
succodo -cessi -cessum, 3. (aub and cedo).
I. to go under, go from under, asctnd, mount.
A. Lit., tectum, Cic. : tumulo tcrrac, Verg, ;
tectis, Verg. ; transf., fons, quo mare succedit,
Caes. B. Fig., a, to come under; sub ttcUmen
stili, Cic. ; b, to submit to ; oneri, Verg. IX. to
approach. A. Lit., 1, milit. t. t., to mafch for*
ward, advance ; sub aclem, Caes. ; ad castra,
Liv. ; moeiiibus, Liv. ; 2, to come after, take tin
place of; ut integri et recentes defatigatis suo*
cederent, Caes.; in pugnam, Liv. B. Transf.,
1, to follow, succeed to ; a, in locum alicuius, Cic. ;
in paternas opes, Cic. ; b. of position, to come
next to ; ad alteram partem succedunt Ubil,
Caes.; 2, of time, to follow, succeed; alicui, Oicj
aetas aetati succedit, Cic. ; orationi, Cic. ; 3, oi
things, to turn out well, to prosper, luccud ; haeo
prospero succedebant, Cic ; res nulla BUCoeBS 1
crat, Caes. ; absol., succedit, it is successful!
si ex si/ntcntia succcsserit, Cic; coeptis suc-
cedebat, Liv. ; pass., nolle successum patribus,
Liv.
succendo -cendi -censum, 8. (sub and
* cainlo, from candeo), 3 r to koulla, set on fire
from below. I. Lit., pontem, Liv.; aggcrem,
Caes. II. Fig., to kindle, set on fire, inflame.;
Deucalion Pyrrliae succensus amore, Ov.
succenseo = suscenseo (q.v.).
succentivus -a -um (succino), accompany-
ing, played us an accompaniment, Varr.
1. succenturio, 1. (sub and centurio -are),
to receive in a century as a substitute; hence, to
put in the place of another, to substitute, Ter.
2. suooentiirio -onis, f. (sub and ceuturio
-onis), an under-centurion, Liv.
successio -onis, f. (succedo), a succeeding,
taking place of some person or thing, succession^;
a, voluptatis, Cic. ; b, succession in an office';
in locum Antonii, ap. Cic.
successor -oris, m. (succedo), a successor,
follower in office, possession, inheritance, etc., Cic;
sagittae, heir to, Ov. ; transf., Junius successor
Maii, Ov. ; novus, a new shield, Ov. ,
successus -its, m. (succedo). X. an ad-
vance, approach ; hostium, Caes. ; equoruni,
Verg. II. happy issue; prosperos successus
dare orsis, Liv. ; successum artes non habuero
meae, Ov. ..'. :
succidia -ae, f. (succido), a flitch of bacon ;
hortum ipsi agricolae succidiam alteram appel-
lant, their second flitch, Cic.
1. succido -cldi, 3. (sub and cado), to falf,
under, sink, sink down; aegri succidimus,
Verg.
2. succido -cidi -clsum, 3. (sub and caedo),
to cut under, cut below, cut off, cut down ; femina
poplitesque, Liv. ; frumenta, Caes.
succlduus -a -um (sub and cado), falling
down, sinking; geuu, Ov.
succlnctus -a -um, p. adj. (from succingo),
1, ready, equipped, prepared ; praedae, Ov. ; 2,
short, Mart.
succingo -cinxi -cinctum, 3. (sub and cingo).
I. to gird below, gird up, tuck up the clothes in
the girdle; tunicas, Juv. ; oftener partic, sue--
cinctUS -a -um, with the clothes tucked up',
Diana, Ov. ; poet., transf., succincta comas
pinus, with bare trunk, Ov. II. to girdle, surt
round; a, lit., Scylla fens atram canibus suc-
cingitnr alvum, Ov.; gen. partic, succinctus
-a -um, girded with something, armed with ; ferro,
Liv.; pharetra, Yerg. ; b, transf., to wrrvund,
sue
552
&ae
arm, prepare, provide; fie canibus, Cic; partic,
Carthago succincta portubus, Cic. ; succinctus
armis legionibusque, Liv.
succingulum -i, n. (succingo), a girdle,
Plaut.
suoclno, 3. 1, to sing to, to accompany, Petr.;
2, transf., to agree, chime in with; succinit
alter, Hor.
succlamatio -onis, f. (succlnmo), a shout-
ing, acclamation, Liv.
sueclamc (subolamo), 1. to shout at or
after anything, call out ; haec Virginia voril'eranti
succlamabat multituclo, Liv.; impers., suc-
clamatum est, Liv. ; with ace. and Infln., quum
Buoclumasset nihil se mutare sententiae, Liv.
SUCCOllo, 1. (sub and collum), to take upon
the shoulders, to shoidder, Suet.
Buccontumollose = subcontumeliose
(q.v.).
Buccresco (subcrosco) -crevi -crStuni, 3.
to grow beneath, grow from beneath, grow up, in-
crease; a, lit., succrescit ab imo cortex, Ov. ;
b, transf., per seqne vident sucerescere vina,
Ov. ; c, flg. ; non enim Lie mediooris orator
vestrae quasi succrescit aetati, Cic. ; se gloriae
scniorum succrevisse, Liv.
succrispus = subcrispus (q.v.).
SUCCUmbo -cubdi -cubltum, 3. (sub and
•cuiiibo, as decumbo, accumbo, etc.), to lie down
under, fall down, sink down. I. Lit., suc-
cunibens victima ferro, Cat. ; oinnes succubu-
isse oculos, had sunk in sleep, Ov. II. Fig.,
to yield, give way, succumb, surrender; arrog-
antiae divitum, Cic. ; scneetuti, Cic. ; tenipori,
Liv. ; abflol., non esse viri debilitari, dolore
frangi, Buccunibere, Cic.
suoourro -curri -enrsum, 3. (sub and curro).
I. to run or go under; 1, transf., nequeat suc-
currere lunae corpus, Lucr. ; 2, fig., a, gen.,
licet undique onines in me terrores impendeant,
Bticcurram, undergo them, Cic. ; b, esp., to come
into the thoughts of. to occur to; ut quidque
succurrit, libet scribere, Cie. ; alicui suceurrit,
with ace. and infin., sed mi hi succurrit numen
non esse severum, Ov. II. to hasten to help,
to aid; 1, lit, niilit. t. t., alicui (with or with-
out auxilio), Caes., Cic; impers., si celeriter
succurratur, Caes.; 2, transf., to help, succour,
assist; saluti fortunisque communibus, Cic;
alicui, Cic ; foil, by quominus and subj., hie
tantis malis haec subsidia succurrebant, quo-
minus oninis deleretur exercitus, Caes.
succusslo -onis, f. (succutio), a shaking
from beneath, earthquake, Sen.
8UCCUS8US -Us, in. (succutio), a shaking,
ap. Cic
succutio cussi -cussum, 3. (sub and quatio),
to shake from beneath, shake up, fling aloft, Ov.
sucldus -a -nin (sucus), juicy, full of sap,
Plin.
sucinum -i, n. (sucus), amber, Plin.
sucinus -a -um (sucus), of amber; gutta,
Mart.
suco -onis, in. a sucker (a term applied to a
usurer) ; Oppios de Velia sucones dicis (a pun,
because cm-os in Greek = sucus, and the Oppii
were rich usurers), Cic.
8uc6su3 (succosus) -a -um (sucus), full of
sap, juicy, succulent, Plin.
Sucro -onis, in. a river in Ilispania Tarra-
conensti, now Xucar : at its mouth was a town
of the same nnnm, now Cnllen. Hence, Su-
cronensis -e, o/ or near Sucro; sinus, now
Gulf of Valencia,
SUCtUS -us, m. u8ugo), a sucking, suction,
Plin.
suoula -ae, f. (dim. .if sii6). L a little sow,
Plaut. II. Transf., A. O winch, windlass, cap-
stan, Plaut. B. Suculae, wrong translation of
Gr. i/aSej, a constellation, the Hyades, Cic
sucus (succus) -i, m. (connected with
Gr. ottos), juice, sap. I. 1, lit., stirpes ex
terra Buccum trahunt, Cic; sucus is quo
utimur, Cic; 2, nieton., like \vf-6i, taste;
piscis suco ingratiis, Ov. ; 3, ng , a, rigour;
ainisinius suciuu et sanguinein, Cic; b, esp.,
of orators and speeches, vigour, energy; orat-
ionis, Cic. II. any thick fluia' ; a ? olivi, un-
guent, Ov.; neetaris sucosducere, juice of nectar,
Hor.; b, esp., in medicine, a draught, potion;
amarus, Ov.
sudarium -ii, n. (endo), a handkerchief (to
wipe off perspiration from the face), Mart.
SUdatio -6nis, f. (sudo), a swatting, Sen.
sudator -oris, m. (sudo), one who perspires
easily or copiously, Plin.
sudatories -a -um (sudo), of or relating to
sweating, producing perspiration. I. Adj.,
unctio, Plaut. II. Subst, sudatorium -ii, n.
a sweating-room, sweating-bath, Sen.
sudatrix -trlcis, f. (sudator), toga, causing
perspiration, Mart.
sudis -is, f. I. a stake, pile ; ripa erat acutis
sudibus praetixis inunita, Caes. II. Transf.,
a point, Juv.
sudo, 1. I. Intransit., to sweat, perspire;
1, lit., puer sudavit et alsit, Hor. ; quum C'tnnis
Apollo (i.e., the statue of Apollo) sudavit, Cic;
2, transf., a, to drip with any moisture ; scuta
duo sanguine sndasse, Liv.; cavae tepidosudant
hunioie lacunae, Verg. ; b, to drip, distil ; bal-
sama odorato sudantia ligno, Verg.; 3, fig., to
toil, make a great effort, rcork hard; vides, sudare
me janidudum laborantem, ut ea tuear quae,
etc., Cic. ; se sine causa sudare, Cic. II.
Transit., to throw off by sweating, to sweat out,
to exude ; durae quercfis sudabunt roscida niella,
Verg.; ubi tura balsamaque sudantur, Tac
sudor -firis, m. sweat, perspiration. I. a,
lit, sudor a capite et a fronte defluens, Cic;
simulacrum multo sudore manavit, Cic ; b,
fig., great exertion, labour, fatigue, effort ; stilus
ille tuus multi sudoris est, Cic. ; multo eius
sudore ac labore sub populi Romani imperium
ditionemque ceclderunt, Cic. II. Transf., any
kind of moisture ; veneni, Ov.
sudus -a -um (se and udus), dry, without
moisture; and (applied to weather), bright,
cloudless; ver, Verg. Subst, sudum -i, n.
a, the bright cloudless sky, Verg.; b, clear, bright
weather, Cic.
Suebi -drum, in. the Suebi,_ an important
German nation. Hence, A. Suebla -ae, f. tht
country of the Suebi. B. SueblCUS -a -um, be-
longing to the Suebi.
suco, '.'. to be wont, be accustomed. Lucr.
sucsco, sucvi, suetuin, 3. (inchoat of suco), t\,
become accustomed, inured to; militiae, Tac;
hence, suevi, I am accustomed, I am wont ; mittere
suevit, Lucr.; and syncop. pcrf., quod suesti, as
you arc wont, Cic
Sucssa -ae, f. I. an old town of the Aurunci,
in L'amjtania, birthplace of the poet Lucilius, now
Sessa; hence, Suessanus -a -um, relating to
Suessa. II. a town of the Valsci, in J.atium,
near the. Pontine marshes, gen. in full Suessa
Ponietia.
Suesslones -um, m. a Gallic people, ?K«r
modern Soiwmt,
Sue
663
suf
Suessiila -ae, f. a small town in Samnium,
near MonsTifata, now Castel di Sessola. Hence,
Suessiilanus -a -urn, of or belonging to Suess-
ula.
Suetonius -li, m., C. Suetonius Tranquillus,
author of the Lives of the Caesars, a contemporary
of the younger Pliny.
suctus -a -urn, p. adj. (from auesco). I.
accustomed to; latrociniis, Tac. ; foil, by inlln.,
V'erg., Liv. II. that to which a person is accus-
tomed, usual ; sueta apud paludes proelia, Tac.
Suevi = Suebi(q.v.).
sufes (suffes) -fStis, m. (from a Phoenician
Void = judge), the name oj the highest magistrate
in Carthage, Liv.
■ suffarcino, 1. (sub and farcino), to stuff full,
fill full, cram; Plaut, Ten
suflarraneus -a -ran (far), carrying corn ;
mulio, Cic.
suffero, sufTerre (sub and fero). I. to carry
under, put wader, Plaut. II. to hold up, sup-
port ; 1, lit., reflex., se sufTerre, to carry oneself
upright, stand upright, Suet.; 2, tig.,' to bear,
endure, suffer; poenam sui sceleris, Cic; earn
multain, Cic.
suffertus -a -urn (sub and farcio), stuffed
full, crammed full, Suet.
suffervefacio, 3. (sub and fervefacio), to
heat, make somewhat hot, Plin. ; pass., sufferve-
fio -fact us sum -fISri, to become someivhat hot,
Plin.
suffes = sufes (q.v.).
suffibulum -i, n. (sub and fibula), a white
oblong veil worn by priests and vestals, Van - .
sufTIcio -feci -fectum, 3. (sub and facio). I.
Transit., A. to put under; hence, to iflnbue, im-
pregnate, suffuse; lanam medicamentis, Cic;
anguea ardentes oculos suffecti sanguine, Verg.
B. to add, cause to grow up after; 1, lit., alinin
ex alia generando suillco prolein, Verg.; 2,
transf., to choose in the place of or as a substitute
for any one ; consul in sufflciendo collega occu-
Eatus, Cic. ; collegam sufflci censori, Liv. ; of
ees, regem parvosque Quirites sufflciunt, Verg.;
esp., suffectus consul, a consul chosen in the place
of another, Liv. C. to provide, supply; 1, lit.,
ipsa satis tellus sufficit humorem et gravidas
fruges, Verg.; 2, fig., to jive; Danais aniiuos
viresque secundas, Verg. II. Iutransit., neut.,
to be sufficient, enough, adequate, to suffice; a,
absol., nee scribae sufficere, nee tabulae nomina
eoi-uin capere poterant, Cic. ; b, with dat., nee
vires sufficere cuiquam nee, etc., Caes. ; c, with
ad and the ace, quomodo nos ad patiendum
suffieiamus, Liv. ; d, with adversus and the ace,
non sutfecturum ducem unum et exercitum unuin
adversus quatuor populos, Liv. ; e, with in and
the ace, nee locus in tumulos nee sufficit arbor
in ignes, Ov. ; f, with infln. = to be in a position
to, to be able ; nee nos obniti contra nee tendere
tantum suffieimus, Verg. ; g, with lit or ne and
the eubj., Tac
sufifigo -flxi -tixum, 3. (sub and Ago), to
fasten, fix beneath ; aliquem cruci, Cic
suffimon = sufflmentum (q.v.).
suffimentum -i, n. (sufflo), incense, Cic.
stiff io -Ivi and -ii -ituni (sub and * flo, fire, con-
nected witli Wu). I. Intransit., to bum incense,
fumigate; thymo, Verg. II. Transit., to fumi-
gate, perfume ; a, lit., locum, Prop.; b, tig., to
warm, Lucr.
BUffitio -finis, f. (sufflo), a fumigation, Plin.
SUffitor -oris, m. (suffio), a fumigator, Plin.
sunltus -us, m, (sufllo), a fumigating, fumi-
qation, Plin.
18 #
sufnamen -Inis, n. a break, ardg, clog. I.
Lit., Juv. II. Fig., a hindrance, obstacle, Juv.
sufflamino, 1. (siiffiamen), to stop by n drag,
Suet.
SUfflatio -onis, f. (sufflo), o blowing up, puff-
ing up, Plin.
sufflavus -p. -um (sub-flavus), somewhat yel-
low, Suet.
sufflo, 1. (sub and flo). I. Intransit., to
bloiv upon, Mart. II. Transit, to blow up, to
puff up, inflcde; a, lit., Plaut.; b, fig., se uxori,
to be angry with, Plaut.
suffocatio -onis, f. (suflbco), a choking,
strangling, suffocation, Plin.
SUffoco, 1. (sub and faux), to strangle, choke,
suffocate. I. Lit., patrem, Cic IL Fig., urbeiu
et Italiam fame, to sta?-re out, Cic.
surf odio -fodi -fossum, 3. (sub and fodio), to
pierce underneath, pierce, dig into, excavate,
undermine ; a, of things, murum, Sail. ; sacella
sutfossa, Caes. ; b, of animals or parts of the
body, to stab from below ; equos, Caes.
suffragatio -onis, f. (suffrage!-), a voting in
favour of, favourable vote, support; urbana, of
the city ; militaris, of the soldiers, Cic. ; illi hon-
estissiuifi suffragatione consulatus petebatur,
Sail.; plur., exstinetae (sunt) sulTragationes,
Cic.
suffragator -oris, m. (suffragor), a voter in
favour of any one, apolitical supporter, Cic.
surfragatorius -a -um (suffragor), of or
relating to the support of a candidate, Q. Cic.
SUffragium -ii, n. (sub and ft-ango), some-
thing broken off, a potsherd, used by the ancients
for voting; hence, nieton., I. the vote nf a
citizen at the comitia and of a juror in giving his
verdict; a, lit, ferre snll'iagium, to vote, Cic;
suffragium it per omnes, all vote, Liv. ; non pre-
liibori jure suffragii, Cic. ; b, transf., vote, judg-
ment, approval, support ; tuuiii, Cic. ; popull,
llor. II. the rigid or permission to vote, suffrage,
franchise; alicui sulfragium impertire, Liv.; sine
suffragio habere civitatem, citizenship without
the franchise, Liv.
suffrago -inis, f. (sub and frango), the ham
or hough on the hind leg of a quadruped, Plin.
suffragor, 1. dep. (suffragium). I. to vote
in any ones favour ; suflragandi libido, Cic. II.
Transf., to be favourable to, to approve, recommend,
support; cupiditati alicuius, Cic; sibi, Cic;
sufl'ragante fortunS, Cic.
suffrenatio -onis, f. (sub and freno), a
bridling; transf., a cementing, fastening ; hipidis,
Plin.
eurfringo -frggi -fractum, 3. (sub and frango),
to break underneath, break in pieces ; crura cani-
bus, Cic.
suffugio -fQgi -fugltum, 3. (sub and fugio).
I. Intransit, to fly to any place; in tecta, Liv.
II. Transit, to fly from, evade, shun; factum,
Lucr.
suffugium -Ii, n, (sub and fugio), a place of
refuge. I. Lit, propinqua sulfugia, Tac. II.
Transf., a refuge, resort, remedy; urgentium
nialoruin suffugium, Tac.
suffuloio -fulsi -fultum, 4. (sub and fulc.io),
to support beneath, underprop, Lucr.
suffumigo, 1. (sub and fnmigo), to fumigate
from below, Plin.
SUffundo -ffldi -fiisum, 3. (sub and fundo).
T.l, to pour beneath, spread through, suffuse ; a,
of fluids, aiiinmin esso cordi sufTusum sanguinem,
Cic. ; intuinuit suffusa venter ab unda, dropsy,
Ov. ; b, of blushing, virgineum ore ruborem, Ov.;
rubor Masinissae suffusus est, blushed. Liv. ; 2,
suf
554
sum
to hedixo, colour, fill with ; aether calore suffusus,
Cie. ; lacrimia ocnloa suffusa nitentes, Verg. ;
Jig., aniimis nulla In ccteros malevolentiS suf-
fusus, Cic. II. to pour out, pour into; lucrum,
Ov.
suffuror, 1. (sub and furor), (o abstract
secretin, steal away, Plant.
SUffuscus -a -urn (sub. and fuscus), brownish,
darkbrown, Tac.
suffusio -finis, f. (suffundo), a suffusion;
fcllis, jaundice, Tlin.
Sugambri (Sygarabri, Sigambri)
-oruiii, in, a powerful German tribe. Adj., Su-
gamber -bra -brum, Sugambrian.
suggero -gessi -gestum, 3. (sub and gero).
I. to carry, bring, lay, put, place under. A.
Lit., flamniam costis aeni, Verg. B. Fig.,
to add, subjoin, annex; a, liuic incredibili sent-
entiae ratiuneulas, Cic ; b, to cause to follow (in
order of time), to place next; Bruto statim
Horatium, Liv. ; c, to put upon secretly; Drnso
Indus est suggerendus, Cic. II. to furnish, suj)-
ply, afford ; 1, lit., alicui tela, Verg. ; 2, fig., to
supply, give opportunity for; prodiga divitias
alimeutaque mitia tellus suggerit, Ov.
SUggestlO -onis, f. (suggero), a rhetorical
figure in which an orator answers a question
which he has asked himself, Quint.
SUggestum -i, n. (suggero). I. anything
heaped up, a heap, raised place, height, elevation,
VaiT. II. Esp., (i platform from which an orator
spoke to the people, soldiers, etc. ; illnd suggestum
ascendens, <Jic. ; in suggestis consistere, Cic.
suggestus -us, m. (suggero). I. an eleva-
tion, height, Cato. II. Esp., a platform for
addressing the people, soldiers, etc., a tribune,
Cic, Caes.
SUggill ... v. sngill ...
suggrandis -e (sub and grandis), somewhat
large, Cic.
suggredior -grcssus sum, 3. dep. (sub and
gradior), to go to, approach, to attack, Tac.
suggrunda -ae, f. the eaves of a house, Varr.
sugillatio -onis, f. (sngi.llo). I. a livid or
black spot mi the skin, weal, bruise, Tlin. II.
Fig., a mocking, insulting, Liv.
sugillo, 1. to bent black and blue. I. Lit.,
Plin. II. Fig., to insult, affront; aliquem, Liv.
SUgo, silxi, suctnm, 3. to suck. I. Lit, Cic.
IL Fig., to suck in; cum laete nutricis crrorem,
Cic.
SU1 (genit.), of himself, herself, itself, them-
selves; dat., sibi, to himself, etc. ; se, himself,
etc. ; pron. reflex., referring to the next pre-
ceding subject. I. Gen., se ipsum amat, Cic. ;
sui conservandi causa profUgerunt, Cic. ; qui
hoc sibi nomen arrogaverunt, Cic. II. Esp.,
A. sibi, ethic dat., quid nam sibi clamor vellet,
Liv. B. ad se, apud se = at his house, Cic.
(strengthened form, sepse = se ipse, Cic; semet,
Hor., Liv.).
suilo -is, n. (sus), a pigsty, Varr.
suillus -a -urn (sus), of or relating to swine,
swinish. I. Adj., caro, Juv. ; caput, Liv. II.
Subst., suilla -ae, f. (sc. caro), pork, Plin.
sulco, 1. (sulcus), to furrow, plough, cut
through. I. Lit., huinum vomere, Ov. II.
Trnnsf., a, to furrow ; serpens sulcat arenain,
Ov. ; cutciii rugis, to wrinkle, Ov. ; b, to furrow
= to sail over, pass through; vada carina, Verg. ;
undas rate, Ov.
sulcus -i, m. (connected with oAko;), a fur-
row. I. Lit., suleum iniprinierc, Cic II.
Transf., a, a cutting like a furrow, the furrow cut
in the sea by a ship, Verg.; b, a long, imrraiy
trench, Verg.
sulfur (sulphur) -ibis, n. I. sulphur, Liv.,
Ilor., Verg. II. Melon., lightning, Fers.
sulfuratio -onis, f. (sulfur), a vein of sulphur
in the earth, Sen.
sulfuratus -a -urn (sulfur), full of sulphur,
containing sulphur, sulphureous, Plin. Subst.,
sulfur." ta -drum, a, brimstone matches, Mart.;
b, veins of sulphur, Plin.
sulfurcus -a -urn (sulfur), sirffihvrcous ;
aqua, Verg.
Sulla (Sylla) -ae, m. a name of a family in
the gens Cornelia, the most celebrated member of
which was L. Cornelius Sulla, the dictator, rival
of Marius. Hence, A. Sullanus (Syllanus)
-a -urn, Sullan; subst., Sullani -oruni, m. the
partisans of Sulla. B. Sullaturio -ire, to
wish to imitate Sulla, Cic.
Sulmo -onis, m. a town in ountry of the
Peligni, birthplace ofOvid,no\v Sulmona; hence,
adj., Sulmoncnsis -e, belonging to Sulmo.
sulphur = sulfur (q.v.).
Sulpicms -a -urn, name of a Roman gens,
the most distinguished member of which teas Serv.
Sulpieius Rufus, a celebrated jurist in the time of
Cicero, consul with M. Marcellus; hence, Sul-
picianus -a -uin, Sulpician.
sultis = si vultis, v. volo.
sum, fiii, esse (an irregular verb, derived
from two different roots, sum shortened for
esmn, root ES, Gr. EZ, whence et^i ; fui from
an old verb fuo, Gr. <f>uw). I. to be, to exist. A.
Gen., 1, a, of the existence of an object, to be,_
to exist, to be in life; esse ca dico, quae cerni
tangive possunt, Cic. ; adhuc sumns, Cic ;
omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futtiri sunt,
Cic. ; fuit, he has lived, Tib. ; fnimus Troes, fnit
Ilium, Verg. ; nullus sum, / exist no longer, I am
lost, Cic. ; b, of Hie presence of a condition, to
be, to exist; non est periculum, Cic; quid tibi
est? what is the matter with you ? Cic. ; c, to be
at a place, to live at; quum Athenia fuissem,
Cic. ; d, to be in a certain state or condition ;
in servitute, Cic ; in spe, Cic. ; e, to rest, to de-
pend i;pcm ; totum in eo est, ut, etc., Cic. ; 2,
especial phrases, a, sunt qui, there are some-
people or things icho or which; (o) with indie,
when certain definite persons or things are
meant, sunt qui audent, Cic ; (fi) with the subj.
when the persons or things are indefinite, sunt
qui dicailt, Cic ; b, mihi est (res), / have (some-
thing); cui nomen Arethusa est, Cie.; c, esse
ad or apud aliquem, to be at the hov-> of, to visit;
apud te est, nt volnmus, Cic ; d, esse cum
aliquo (aliqua) ; (o) to be in the. house of, to be in
a room with ; esset ne quia infus cum Caesarej
Cic. ; (0) to be with, go abmd with ; crat nemo
quicum essem libentius, Cic; e, esse alicui
cum aliquo, to have to do with ; sibi cum ilia
nihil futurum, Cic. ; f, esse ab aliquo, to belong
to or be related to ; erat ab Aristotele, he was an
Aristotelian, Cic. ; vide, ne hoc totum sit a me,
speaks for me, Cic. ; g, esse pro aliquo, to be
in the place of, Cic. ; h, esse in, with abL, to be
in some writing ; quid fuit in littcris ? Cic. B.
to be the fact, to be really so ; sunt ista, that is so,
Cic. ; so, esp., a, est, it is so, sit ita, br it so,
good, Cic. ; so also, esto, Cie. ; e?t ut. or with
intin., it is the case that; est, ut id deceat, Cie. ;
b, est ubi = flf times, Cie.; c, est quod, with
indie, or subj. or ut and the subj., there is reason
for, I (you, etc.) have reason to, cause to; magis
est quod gratnler, Cic. ; nihil est quod or cur,
there in no reason for ; nihil est, quod gestias,
Cic II. As copulative verb = to be something-
sum
555
8lip
or in some way; a, withan adj., subst., or prop.,
praeclora res est et sumus-otiosi, Cic. ; b, with
adv., (a) of manner, sic est. Cic. ; mini pulehre est
or pulehre est milii, Cic. ; (/3) of place or time,
sunt procul ab huius aetatis memoria, Cic. ; c,
with genit. or abl., to be of a certain nature or
kind; (a) with genit., suinmi ut sint laboris,
Cic; esp., niagni, tanti, etc., esse(pretii), tobe of
high or of such value, etc., Cic. ; frumentum fuit
tanti, Cic. ; 03) with abl., aegro corpore esse, to
be ill, Cic. ; siinus ca mente, so disposed, Cic. ;
d, with genit. to express belonging to, (a) lo be
one's own, to belong to; Gallia est Ariovisti, Caes.;
(0) to be devoted to; me Pompeii totum esse,
Cic. ; (y) to be a mark of, to be the nature of, to be
characteristic of; cuinsvis hominis est enure,
Cic. ; so with poss. pron., est tiuun videre, Cic;
• e, with genit. of gerund., to serve for, have for
its object; quod conservandae Jibertatis fuerat,
Sail. ; f, with dat. to express object, (a) to be in
the place of, to be; Romam caput Latio esse, Liv. ;
(fi) to be capable of; non esse solvendo, Cic. ; (y)
to be, to prove; impedimento esse alicui, Cic;
g, with ad and the ace, to be serviceable for ;
res quae sunt ad incendia, Caes. ; h, with de
and the abl., to treat of, be about ; is liber, qui est
de animo, Cic. ; id est, hoc est, that is, or some-
times which is as much as to say, Cic. (archaic
forms, escunt = erunt, ap. Cic. ; fuat = sit, Verg. ;
fuvimus == fuimus, ap. Cic).
sumen -Inis, n. (— sugmen, from sugo). I.
a teat, pap, Lucil. II. Esp., the udder of a sow
(esteemed a delicacy by the Romans) ; 1, lit.,
Plant. ; 2, meton., a sow, pig, Juv.
summa -ae, f. (snmmus), the highest. I. the
highest place; qui vobis summam ordinis con-
siliique conceduut, Cic. II. the chief matter,
main thing, most important point. A. (Jen.,
ipsae summae rem in atque sententiae, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, the whole, totality; exercitus, Caes.;
belli, supreme command, Caes. ; rerum or omnium
rerun), the highest power, Cic; ad summam, adv.
in a word, in short, Cic; so in summa, on the
whole, Cic; 2, Me sum toted of an amount;
equitum magnum nuuierum ex omni summa
separate, Cic; so esp., a, a sum of money;
hac summiredempti, Cic. ; b, a mass, quantity ;
praedae, Cic.
Sumnianus -i, m. cm old Roman deity, to
whom lightnings by night were ascribed, Cic.
summariuni -Ii, n. (summa), an epitome,
abridgment, summary, Sen.
summas -atis, c. (summus), of high birth,
noble, illustrious, Plaut.
summatim, adv. (summa), slightly, sum-
marily, briefly; quae longiorem orationem de-
siderant summatim persciibere, Cic.
summatus -us, m. (summus), the chief
authority, Lucr.
summe, adv. (summus), in the highest ue-
gree, extremely ; olfieiosus, Cic ; contendere, Cic.
summergo — submergo (q.v.).
sumministro — subministro (q.v.).
summisse = submisse (q.v.).
summissim = submissim (q.v.).
summissio = submissio (q.v.).
summissus = submissus (q.v.).
summitto = submitto (q.v.).
Summoenium -li, n. (sub and moenia), a
place in Borne frequented by common prostitutes ;
hence, adj., Summoenianus -a -uni, relating
to the Summoenium.
summolesto = submolestc (q.v.).
summolestus = submolestns (q.v.).
summoned = subinoneo (q.v.).
summopere, adv. (= summo opero), very,
much, exceedingly, Cic
summorosus = submorosus (q.v.).
summo tor = submotor (q.v.).
summoveo = submoveo (q.v.).
summula -ae, f. (dim. of summa), a little
sum, Sen.
summus -a -um, superl. of superus (q.v.).
summuto = submuto (q.v.).
sumo, sumpsi, sumptuin, 3. (sub and emo),
to take, lay hold of. I. Lit., A. Gen., fustem,
Plaut. ; legem in manus, Cic. ; pecuniam mu-
tuain, to borrow, Cic. B. Esp., a, to take for
■use, to put on ; calceos et vestimenta, Cic ; b,
to buy; genus signorum, Cic; or, to hire;
navem, Cic; c, to take, apply, employ; opermu,
Ter. II. Fig., A. Gen., tempns cibi, Liv. ;
supplicium, to punish, Liv. B. Esp., a, to
choose, pick out, select ; sibi studimn philosopliiae,'
Cic. ; diem ad deliberandum, Caes. ; b, to take
in hand, to begin ; bellum, Sail. ; ininiicitias,-
Cic; c, in discourse, (a) to mention; homines
notos, Cic. ; (/3) to assume, assert, maintain ;.
beatos esse deos sumpsisti, Cic. ; d, to assume;
arrogantiam sibi, Cic; e, to arrogate to oneself ', t
take upon oneself; sibi partes imperatorias, Cic;
mihi non tantum sumo, Cic.
sumptio -onis, f. (sumo), the premiss of a,
syllogism, Cic.
sumptlto, 1. (intens. of sumo), to take in'
large quantities, Plin.
sumptuarius -a -um (sumptus), of or re-
lating to expense, sumptuary ; lex, Cic. ; rationes,
Cic.
sumptuoso, adv. witli coinpar. (sumptu-
osns), iii a costly, expensive manner, sumptuously,
Cic.
sumptuosus -a -um (sumptus). I. Of
things, costly, expensive, dear, sumptuous : cena,
Cic. ; ludi sumptuosiores, Cic. II. Of persona,
extravagant, prodigal ; homo, Cic.
sumptus -us, m. (sumo), cost, expense;
suiuptum facere in rem, or impendere, or in-
sumere, orponere, Cic; sumptune parcas, Cic ;
suo sumptu fungi otlicio, Cic; plur., minuemU
sunt sumptus, Cic. (dat, often sumptu, Cic). ■
Suuion (-mm) -Ii, n. (2,o6viov), a pro-
montory forming the most southerly point of
Attica, now Capo Colonni, with a temple of
Athena and a town of the same name.
SUO, sfii, sutum, 3. to sew, sew together, stitch
together, join together; tegumenta corporum vel
texta vel s»»ra, Cic.
SUOl- . v. suus.
suovctaurllia (sudvitaurllia) -inm, n.
(sus, ovis and taurus), a purificatory sacrifice of
a pig, a sheep, and a bull, Liv.
siipellex -lectllis, abl. -lectlle and -lectili,
f. furniture. I. Lit., household furniture ; multa
et lauta supellex, Cic. II. Fig., ornament, equip-
ment; amicos parare, optiinam vitae snpcllect-
ileni, Cic. ; oratoria quasi supellex, Cic.
1. super -a -um, v. superus.
2. super (vWp). I.Adv.,1, of place; a, over,
above, on the top of; eo super tigna bipedalia
injk-iunt, Caes.; b, = avaBev, from above; su-
perque iminane barathrum cematur, Verg. ; 2,
of other relations ; a, besides ; super quain,
moreover, Liv. ; dederalquo super, Ov. ; b, tliere-.
upon; super tales eflumlit voces, Verg.; c,
beyond, more; super quam, more tlidn, Hor. ■;
satis stiperquadlxf, enough and more than enough,
Cic. ; d, over and above ; quid super sanguinis
(esse), Liv. II. Prep, with abl. and ace.
A. With abl., 1, oi' place, oi'cr,. above; ensis
Sup $56
super cervice pendet, Hor. ; 2, of time, during;
nocte super media, Verg. ; 3, of relation, con-
cerning, about ; hac super re Bcrlbam ad te, Cie.;
4, of measure, beyond ; super his, Hor. B. Willi
ace, 1, of place, owr, above: a, to express re-
maining over so object, super aspidem assidere,
Cic. ; aqua super luontium juga eoncreta erat,
Liv. ; b, of position, (o) over, above ; super tem-
plum circaque, r.iv. ;(p)beyond ; super Numidiam
Oaetulos accepiinus, Sail.; c, of motion, over or
beyond a place; super Suniuin navigans, Liv. ;
2, of degree, beyond, over, above; a, lit., super
ceteros honores, Liv.; super cetera, Liv.; vulnus
super vulnus, wound on wound, one wound after
another, Liv. ; b, transf., of superiority, beyond,
rnore than; a etas et forma et super onii:ia
Romanorum noiuen te ferociorem facit, above
all, Liv. (super sometimes put after its case in
Lucr., Verg., and Tac).
supera (se. parte) = supra. I. Adv. =
over, Lucr. II. Prep, with ace, orer, Lucr.
superabili3 -e (supero). I. that can be
ascendetl ; mums, Liv. II. that can be con-
qwred ; non est per vim superabilis ulli, Ov. ;
nnllis casibtis superabiles Romani, Tac.
superaddo -addldi -additmn, 3. to add over
and above, superadd, Verg.
superadornatus-a-uni(superandadorno),
adorned on the surface, Sen.
superans -antis, p. adj., only in compar.
and superl.) prevailing ; supcrautior ignis, Lucr.
superator -oris, in. (supero), one who over-
comes, a conqueror, Ov. .
superbe,adv. (superbus). proudly, haughtily;
superbe et crudeliter impeiare, Caes. ; legatos
appellare superbius, Cic. ; preces superbissime
repndiare, Cic.
superbia -ae, f. (superbus), pride. I. In a
bad sense, pride, haughtiness ; often with arro-
antia ami insolentia, Cic. ; superbiam ponere,
'ay aside, Hor. II. In a good sense, lofty spirit,
honourable pride ; sume superbiam, Hor.
siiperbibo, 3. to drink upon, I'liu.
superbificus -a -um (suporbus and facio),
iiuiking proud, making haughty, Sen.
siiperbio, 4. (superbus). I. to be proud,
haughty, to pride oneself on ; with abl., forma,
Ov. ; foil, by quod, Tac. II. Transf., of things,
to be splendid, superb, Prop.
superbus -a -um (super) = un-tp^^avo?,
raising oneself above others, proud. I. In a bad
sense, 1, lit., of persons, proud, haughty ; a,
absol., shperbum se praebuit in fortune, Cic. ;
Biiperbiorem te pecunia facit, Cic. ; superbissima
familia, Cic; surname of the younger Tarquinius,
last king of Rome, Cic. ; b, with abl., pruud of;
pecunia, Hor. ; 2, transf., of things or abstract
subjects, ocull, Ov. ; aures, Liv. ; virtus, Cic. ;
judicium auriuin superbissimum, Cic. II. In a
good sense, 1, of persons, distinguished, remark-
able; Atridae, Hon; 2, of things, brilliant,
magnificent, splendid ; triumphus, Hor.
superciliosus -a -um (supercilium), severe,
gloomy, Sen.
Supercilium -li, n. the eyebrow; plur. (and
often sing, in collective sense), the eyebrows. I.
A. Lit., a, sing., altero ad mentum depresso
supercilio, Cic. ; b, plur., superciliorum aut
remissio aut contractio, Cic. ; capite et super-
ciliis rasis, Cie. B. Meton., a, the eyebrows
contracted = gloom, severity, sternness; BUpercilii
severi matrona, Ov. ; quid de supercilio dicam,
quod turn hoininihus non supercilium sed pignut
reipublieae videbatur, Cic. ; b, pride, arrogance;
nunc Capuae Canipnno supercilio acregiospiritu
quura viueremus, Cic. it. Transf. (like bfovt,
aup
I
and English brow), the projecting part of any oh
ject, ridge, summit ; tramitis, Verg.; inmuli, Liv.
suporcurro, 3. to run beyond, surpass, Plin.
Sliperedo, 3. to eat upon or after, Plin.
superomhieo, 2. to project over, overtop;
oinnes viros, Verg.
superemorior, 3. dep. to dt 'pan, Plin.
superfcro -tcili -latum -ferre, to carry over,
bear over, Plin.
superficies -ei, f. (super and fades), the
top, surface, superficies of anything. I, Gen.,
testudinuni, Plin. II. Esp., legal t.t., something
(e.g., a building) placed on the ground so as to be-
come attached to it, Cic.
superf lO -fieri, to be over and above, riant.
SUperfixus -a --am, fixed on the top, Liv.
superfiorescens -entis, blooming all over,
Plin.
superfluitas -Stis, f. (superflnus), super-
fluity, Plin.
superrluo -fiuxi, 3. to flow over, overflow. I.
Lit., of water, superfluentis Nili Teceptacula,
Tac. II. Transf., a, ut nos supertluentes ju-
venili quadam diceudi impunitate et. licentia
reprimcret, Cic ; b, to be in superfluity, lie super-
fluous, Tac.
superfluous -a -um (superfluo), overflowing,
sujierfluous, Son.
superfundo -fudi -fusum, 3. I. la pour
over, pour upon : 1, lit., a, of water, superfundi,
middle, to overflow, spir'end itself over; circus Tibei i
superfuso irrigatus, Liv. ; b, of other things, to
spread about, throw about ; magnani vim teloruiu,
Tac; pass., superfundi, as middle, to bepoured
on, to run on; liostes superfusi, rushing in num-
bers, Liv.; 2, tvausf., superfundere se, tosprrad
itself out, spread; superfudit se (regnum Maec-
doniae) in Asiam, Liv. II. to cover with any-
thing, Tac.
suporgrSdlor -giessus sum -gredl, 3. dep.
(super ami gradior), to go over or beyond, over-
step ; fig., to exceed, surpass ; aetatis suae feminas
pulchritudine, Tac.
super!, v. superus.
SUperilligO, 1. to bind on, bind over, Plin.
super immineo, 2. to overhang, Verg.
superimpendens -entis (super and im-
pendeo), overhanging, Cat.
superimpleo, 2. to fill quite full, Verg.
supcrlmpdno (-posili) -posltum, 3. to lay
over, place upon; saxum ingens machina, by
means of a machine, Liv. ; nionuniento (dat.),
statuam, Liv.
supcrlncldons -entis, falling from above,
Liv.
superlncubans -antis, lying over or upon ;
superincubans Kouianus, Liv.
siiperincuiubo -ciibu.i, 3. to lie on, lie over,
Ov.
superlndiio -id -utum, 3. to put on over,
Suet.
superingero (-gessi) -gestum, 3. to throu'
■upon, heap upon, Plin.
superinjicio -jeci -jectum, 3. to throw over,
throw upon ; raras frondes, Verg.
siiperinl ... v. superill . . .
supcrinm ... v. superimm . . .
superlnp ... v. superimp . . .
suporinsterno -striivi -stratum, 3. to
spread orer, lay over; tabulas, Verg.
srporintego, 3. to corer over, Plin.
sup
superior -Oris, comp. of superus (q. v.).
557
sup
superjaclo -jeci -jectum (-jaetum), 3. I. to
throw over, throw upon ; membra superjectacura
tua voste fovet, Ov. II. to throw over, flow over;
scopulos superjacit unda pODtus, Verg. III. tit
exceed, go beyond; fidcin augendo, Liv. (paitic
also superjactus, Sail., Tac).
suporjacto, 1. to spring over, leapover, Plin.
superjectio -Onis, f. (superjacio), a throw-
ing over ; -tig., exaggeration, hyperbole, Quint.
siiperjumentarlus -li, m. the chief groom,
head of the drivers of beasts of burden, Suet.
superlabor, 3. to glide, slide over, Liv.
superlatio -Onis, f. (superfero), rhet. t.t.,
exaggeration, hyperbole; veritatis, Cic.
superlatus -a -um, p. adj. (from superfero),
exaggerated, hyperbolical ; verba, Cic.
superlino -le"vi -litum, 3. to smear over, be-
smear, Plin.
supermando, 3. to chew upon or after any-
thing, Plin.
supercneo, 1. to go over, pass over, Plin.
supernas -Stis (supernus), belonging to the
upper country, esp. to theupper (i.e. the Adriatic)
sea, Plin.
supernato, 1. to swim upon, swim over, Sen.
BupernatUS -a -uin, growing over, Plin.
supcrne, adv. (supernus), upwards ; a,, from
above, Liv. ; b, on the upper side, above, Hor.
supernus -a -um (super), above, over, on the
upper side, on the top; Tusculum, lying high,
Hor. ; numen, celestial, Ov.
siipero, 1. (super). I. Intransit.,<o6eaSor«;
hence, 1, W over-top, project; a, lit., superant
capita et cervietbus altis, Verg. ; b, transf., (a)
milit. t.t., to have the upper hand, to be conqueror,
to conquer; virtute facile, Caes. ; per biduum
eqnestri proelio, Caes. ; (0) in other relations,
to have the upper hand, have the preference, be
superior, overcome, surpass; superat sententia,
Caes. ; tantum superantibusmalis, Liv. ;totidein
forma superante juveucae, of surpassing beauty,
Verg.; 2, to be remaining; a, to abound, be
in abutulance; partem superare mendosum est,
Cic. ; superante multitudiue, Liv. ; b, to re-
main, to be over; si quod superaret pecuniae
retulisses, Cic. ; esp. (with, or poet, without
vita), to remain in life, to survive, live; liter
eorum vita superavit, Caes. ; superatne et vesc-
itur auri? Verg.; c, to be too much; quae
Jugurthac fesso et majoribus astricto superaver-
ant, Sail. ; d, to flow over with, overflow with;
victor superans auhnis, Verg. II. Transit., 1,
to rise above, surmount, overtop, mount, ascend;
montes, Verg. ; summas ripas rluminis, Caes. ;
hence, transf., to overtop; turris superat fontis
fastigium, Caes.; 2, a. to sail by, to round ; pro-
lnontorium, Liv. ; b, transf., (a) to penetrate to ;
clamor superat inde castra hostium, Liv. ; (fl)
met., to surpass, excel, exceed; aliquem doctrina,
Cic. ; omnesiure, Cic. ; (y) to overcome, conquer :
bellosuperatosesse ArvernosaQ. Fabio Maximo,
Caes.; fig., injurias fortunae facile veterum
philosophorum praeceptis, Cic.
supcrobriio-ni -ntum,3. to cover over, Prop.
superpendens -entis, overhanging ; saxuni,
Liv.
superpono -p5sni -posltuui, 3. I. to lay,
flare, put over or upon; superpositum capiti
decus, Liv. II. to set over, pxd in a station of
authority; in maritimam regionem superpositus,
Liv.
siiperrasus -a -urn. shaved, scraped above,
supcrscando (siiperscendo), 3. to climb
up, climb over ; superscaudens vigilum strata
somno corpora, Liv.
superscribo -scripsi -scriptuni, 3. to write
over or upon, Suet.
supersedeo -sedi -sessum, 3. I. to sit
above, sit upon, Suet. II. Fig., to be above any-
thing, refrain from doing anything, omit, leave
off; with abl., hoc labore, Cic; proelio, Cae«. ;
with infill., loqui apud vos, Liv.
superstagno, 1. to spread out intoalake, Tac.
siipersterno -stravi -stratum, 3. to strew,
spread over or upon ; superstratis Gallorum
cumulis, Liv.
superstes -stltis (super and sto). I. stand'
ingnear, present, witnessing ; suis utrisquesuper-
stitibus praesentibtfs (old legal formula), ap. Cic.
II. surviving, living beyond another; (a) with
dat., ut sui sibi liberi superstites essent, Cic;
(|3) with geuit., alterius vestrum superstes, Liv.;
aliquem uou solum vitae, sed etiam dignitatis
suae superstitem relinquere, Cic.
superstitio -onis, f. (super and sisto). I.
superstition, superstitious fear, fanaticism ; 1, lit.,
anilis, Cic ; captl quadani superstitioue animi,
Cic. ; superstitionem tollere, Cic. ; 2, meton.,
a binding, awe-inspiring oath ; una superstitio
superis quae reddita divis, Verg. II. extermd
religious observance; quaenam ilia superstitio,
quod numen, interrogat, Tac ; in plur. = re-
ligious observances or ceremonies ; hostes operati
superstitionibus, Liv.
superstitiose, adv. (superstitiosus), super-
stitiously, Cic.
superstitiosus -a -um (superstitio). I.
superstitious; philosophi, Cic. II. prophetical,
Plaut.
siiperstlto, 1. (superstes). I. Transit., to
preserve alive, Enn. II. Intransit., to be over
and above, remain, Plant.
stipersto -steti, 1. to stand over or upon:
with dat., corporibus, Liv. ; with ace, aliquem,
Verg. ; absol., Liv.
superstriio -struxi -structum, 3. to build
over or upon, Tac.
supersum -fui -esse, to be over and above,
either as remnant or as superfluity. A. As
remnant, to be left, remain ; a, of things, duae
partes, quae roihi supersunt illustrandao, Cic. ;
biduum supererat, Cic. ; quod superest. the rest,
Verg. ; quod superest, as for the rest. Cic ;
superest, full, by inftn., Liv., Ov.; b, of persons,
(a) to be left, to remain; et superesse videt de
tot modo miliums unum, Ov. ; perexigua pars
illius excrcitus superest, Caes. ; (/3) to survive;
alicui, Liv. ; pugmie, Liv. B. to be supafluous,
abound; vereor ne jam superesse roihi verba
putes, quae dixeram defutura, Cic ; in a bad
sense, to be superfluous, to be redundant; ut
lK-que absit quidquam neque supersit, Cic
supertcgo -texi -tectum, S. to cover over,
Tib.
superurgeo, 2. to press from above, Tac
superus (rarely siipor) -a -um (from adv.
super), com par., superior; superl., super-
rlmus, supremus and summus. I.Posit,
superus -a -um, upper, the upper, higher ; 1,
gen., res superae, Cic. ; mare supcrum, the upper
sea, i.e., the Adriatic Sea, Cic. ; 2, esp., of things
on or above the earth, superis ab oris, fromjhe
upper world, Verg.; hence, subst., a. superl
•6ruin, m. ; (o) the gods above, Verg. ; (0) the men
on the earth ; ad suporos fleti, Verg. ; b , siipcra
-6rum, n. the heights; supera olta, the heights of
of heaven, Verg. II, Couipar., superior -Oris,
sup
55S
sup
m. and f., supSrius -Oris, n. higher, upper, and
partit, the upper, or higher part of anything;
1, lit., a, of place, pais collis, Cacs. ; domus,
Cic. ; ex loco Buperfore, from a higher place,
Caes.; dc loco superior? dicere,/Vont the tribunal,
as praetor, Cic. ; de loco supcriore agere, from
the speaker's tribune, Cic; et ex superiore et ex
aequo loco sermones, utterances on the tribunal
and in, private life, Cic; b, in writing, scripture
superior, preceding, Cic; 2, transf., a, of time,
earlier, prior, former, past; and, as applied to
human life, older ; annus, Cic. ; nox, night before
last, Cic ; omnes aetatis supcrioris, of advanced
age, Caes. ; b, of rank, higher ; superiors ordinis
nonnulli, Caes.; c, of power, importance, etc.,
higher, more distinguished; (a) absol., aliquis
superior, a distinguished person, Cic. ; milit.
t.t, discessit superior, gained the advantage,
Kep. ; (/3) with abl.,loco, fortuna, fama, Cic;
facilitate et humanitate superior, Cic. III.
Super!., A. sSpremus -a -urn, the highest,
uppermost; 1, lit, of place, montes, Verg. ; 2,
transf., a, in time or succession, the last; (a)
nox, Verg. ; sole supremo, on the setting of the
sun, Hor. ; adv., supremum, for the last time,
Ov. ; (/3) of or relating to the end of life; dies,
the day of death, Cic. ; honor, the last rites, Verg.;
subst, suprema -orum, n., (aa) death, Ov.,
Tac; (pp) funeral rites, Tac; b, highest, greatest,
most extreme; supplicium, Cic. ; ventum est ad
supremum, the end is reached, Verg. B. sum-
mus -a -urn (for sup -mus), the highest, upper-
most, and partit. = the highest part of, the top;
1, lit., of place, summum juguin montts, Caes. ;
partit., summa urbs, the highest part of the
city, Cic. ; in summa sacra via, at the top of the
sacra via, Cic. \ subst., summum -i, n. the
highest point ; a summo, Cic. ; summum tecti,
Verg.; 2, transf., a, of the voice, the highest,
loudest; vox summa, Hor. ; b, of time or suc-
cession, the last; dies, Verg. ; senectus, extreme
old age, Cic. ; c, in rank, value, estimation, the
highest, most distinguished, most valuable, most
ipiportunt, greatest, best; (a) of things, deoruin
summus erga vos amor, Cic. ; summo studio,
with the greatest zeal, Cic ; summa salus rei-
publicae, Cic; quo res summa loco, how is it
with tlie state? Verg.; adv., summum, at the most;
quatuor aut summum quinque, Cic. ; (0) of
persons, highest, most elevated, most distinguished;
optimus et supremus vir, Cic; poet. neut. plur.,
summa ducum Atrides, the chief person, Ov.
supervacaneus -a -urn, superfluous, un-
necessary, useless ; litterae, Cic. ; opus, done at
leisure hours, Cic.
superv&ciius -a -urn, superfluous, unneces-
sary, useless, needless ; ruetus, Ov.
supervado, 3. to go over, surmount; ruinas,
Liv.
supervehor -vectus sum, 3. dep. to ride,
sail, pass over, sail by; promunturium Calabriae,
Liv.
siiperveirio -v5ni -ventum, 4. I. to come
over ; unda supervenit undam, Hor. II. to come
up ; a, legati superveniunt, Liv. ; b, to come
upon unexpectedly ; with dat, huic laetitiae, Liv.
superventus -us, m. (supervenio), a coming
up, arrival, Tac.
siipervivo -vixi, 3. to survive, Suet.
suDervolIto, 1. to fly over; sua tecta alis,
Vorg.
Supervolo, 1. to fly over, fly above, Verg. ;
totum orbem, Ov.
supinltas -atis, f. (supinus), a bending back-
wards, a lying with the body bent bad:, Quint.
supino, 1. (supinus), to bend, stretch back-
wards, to throw back; nasum nidore supinor,
I sniff xip, Hor. ; poet., glebas, to. turn over,
Verg.
supinus -a -iiiii (root SUP, Gr. ujt-tios), bent
backwards, inclined backwards, lying on the back.
I. Lit., A. Gen., motus corporis pronus,
obliquus, supinus, Cic. ; manus supinns ad
caelum tendeve, spread out with the palm up-
wards, Verg. B. Esp., 1, going backwards, re-
turning ; nee redit in fontes unda supina suos,
Ov. ; 2, of localities, sloping, spread out, out-
stretched; collis, Verg.; vallis, Liv. II. Fig.,
I, of character, careless, heedless, negligent, sup-
ine, Juv. ; 2, proud, arrogant, Mart.
suppalpor, 1. dep. to stroke, caress, flatter a
little, Plaut
suppar -paiis (sub and par), almost equal,
nearly contemporary with; huic aetati suppares
Alcibiades, Critias, Cic.
supparasitor, 1. dep. (sub and parasitor),
to flatter a little like a parasite, Plaut.
suppar um (siparum aud sipharum)
-i, n. and supparus (sipharus) -i, in.
((Ti<|)apos). I. a linen garment usually worn by
women, Plaut. II. a topsail, Sen.
suppeditatio -onis, f. (suppedito), an
abundant provision, superfluity ; bonorum, Cic.
suppedito, 1. I. Intransit, 1, to abound,
be in abundance, be at hand, be in store; ne
chartam quidem suppeditare, Cic. ; cui si vita
suppeditavisset, had lasted longer, Cic ; 2, to be
in sufficient quantity, suffice; ad cultum, 1 Cic.
II. Transit, 1, to provide, supply, offer, give
abundantly ; (a) with ace, alicui frumentum,
Cic. ; cibos, Cic ; (p) with dat, to support, stand
by; alicui, Cic; 2, suppeditari aliqua re, to be
provided with, Cic.
suppernatus -a -um (sub aud perna), lamed
in the hip; transf., alnus suppcrnata securi,
hewn down, Cat.
suppetiae -arum, f. (suppeto), help, aid,
assistance, only in nom. and ace, Plaut.
suppctlor, 1. dep. (suppetiae), to come to
help, assist, Cic. (?)
suppeto -ivi and -li -Hum, 3. (sub and peto).
A. to be in store, be in hand ; ne pabuli. quidem
satis magna copia suppetebat, Caes. ; ut inihi
ad remunerandum nihil suppetat praeter volun-
tatem, Cic ; si vita suppetet, if I live so long,
Cic. ; of materials for a speech, vererer ne inihi
crimiua non suppeterent, Cic. B. Transf., to
suffice, be enough, correspond with ; ut quotidianis
sumptibus copiac suppetant, Cic.
suppllo, 1. (sub and * pilo, whence compilo),
to steal secretly, filch; and, with personal object,
to pluck, fleece, Plaut.
suppingo -pegi -pactum, 3. (sub and pango),
to fasten underneath, Plaut.
supplanto, 1. (sub and planta), to throw
down a person by tripping up his heels; aliquem,
Cic.
supplaudo = supplodo (q.v.).
supplementum -i, n. (suppleo), a filling
up, supply, supplement; milit. 1. 1, a recruiting
of troops, a body of recruits, reinforcements ;
exereitus, Liv. ; supplementum seribere legioni-
bus, Cic ; supplementa distribuere, Liv.
suppleo -plevi -pletum, 2. (sub and pleo),
to fill up, make full, complete, supply. I. Lit.,
sanguine venas, Ov. ; inania moenia, to people,
Ov. II. Transf., to fill up something that is
wanting, make good, repair; bibliothecam, Cic;
milit. t. t, to recruit, fill up the number of;
legiones, Liv.
supplex -pHeis,- abl. -plfce and -.plici, genit.
plur. -plicum and (rarely) -plicluin (sub and plieo,
BUp
559
sur
thus lit., betiding the knee), hence, humbly entreat-
ing, supplicating, suppliant; supplex te ad pedes
abjiciebas, Cic. ; transf. , of things, multis et
supplicibus verbis, Cic. ; with dat., alieui lien
or esse supplicem, Cic. ; with possess, pron. or
genit, of person besought, vester est supplex,
Cic. ; miserieordiae vestrae, Cic.
supplicatio -5nis, f. (supplico), a solemn
public thanksgiving, a religious festival or fast
on some public success or misfortune; ad omnia
pulvinaiia supplicationem decernere, Cic. ; pro-
digiorumaverruncandoruui causa supplicationes
in bidunni decernere, Liv.
suppllciter, adv. (supplex), suppliantly,
humbly ; respondere, Cic.
supplicium -ii, n. (supplex), a kneeling
down, either for entreaty or to receive punishment.
Hence, I. a humble entreaty ; a, of the gods,
prayer; precibus suppliciisque deos placare,
Liv. ; b, humble entreaty of men ; fatigati sup-
pliers regis, Sail. II. punishment, penalty, tor-
ture, esp., capital punishment ; 1, lit., sumeie
supplicium de aliquo, to inflict upon, Cic; ad
ultimum supplicium progiedi, Caes. ; hence,
transf., torture, pain; satis supplicii tulisse,
,Ca«s. ; 2, nietou., wounds, marks of mutilation;
dira tegens supplicia, Yerg.
supplico, 1. (supplex), to fall down on the
knees before. I. Gen., to beseech humbly, entreat
suppliantly; alieui publice, Cic; Caesari or
senatui pro aliquo, Cic. II. to pray to the gods,
supplicate, worship ; per hostias diis, Sail.
supplodo (supplaudo) -plosi -plosuin, 3.
(sub and plaudo), to stamp ; pedem, Cic.
supplosio -onis, f. (supplodo), a stamping ;
pedis, Cic.
suppoenitet, 2. impers. (sub and poenitet),
it repents somewhat; with ace. of pers. and genit.
of thing, ilium furoris, Cic.
euppono -p6sui (-pSsivi, Plaut.) -pisitum
(syncop. partic, suppostus.Verg.), 3. I. to put,
place, lay under; 1, lit, ova gallinis, Cic;
aliquem tumulo or terrae, to bury, Ov. ; terrae
dentes vipereos, to sow, Ov. ; 2, tig., to subject;
se criminibus, Cic. II. tn put under something ;
1, lit,, falcem maturis aristis, Verg. ; 2, fig-,
a, to add, annex ; generi partes, Cic. ; b, to
•plow after, to esteem less; Latio Samon, Ov.
III. to put in the place of a person or thing ;
1, gen., aliquem in alicuius locum, Cic; 2, to
substitute that which is not genuine, to counter-
feit, forge ; testaiuenta lalsu, Cic.
supporto, 1. (sub ana porto), fc bring, bear,
carry, convey to; frumeutum, Cue*. ; omnia
inde in casta, Liv.
suppositious -a -urn (suppono), 1, put in
' the place of another, substituted, Mart. ; 2, sup-
posititious, not genuine, Varr.
suppositio -onis, f. (suppono), the substitu-
tion, of one child for another, Plaut.
suppositrix -tricis, f. (suppono), she that
substitutes ;- puerorum, Plaut.
suppostus, v. suppouo.
suppressio -onis, f. (supprimo), embezzle-
ment; judiciales (sc. pecuniae), Cic.
suppressus -a -um, p. adj. (from supprimo),
of the voice, low, subdued ; vox, Cic. ; orator
suppressior ut voce, sic etiam oratione, Cic.
supprimo -pressi -pressum, 3. (sub and
"prenio), to press down, press under. I. navem,
to sink, Liv. II. a, to hold back, check, restrain;
hostem nostros insequeutem, Caes.; vocem,
Ov. ; iram, to check, suppress, Liv. ; b, to keep
from publicity, keep back, suppress, conceal;
famam decreti, Liv. : pecuniaui, nurnmos, to
embezzle, Cic.,
. suppromus -i, m. (sub aud promus), an
undcr-butler, Plaut.
suppudct, 2. impers. (sub aud pudet), to be
sometvhat ashamal; me alicuius, J am somewhat
ashamed of; eovuin (librorum) me suppudebat,
Cic.
suppuratlo -onis, f. (suppuro), a purulent
ulcer, suppuration, Plin.
suppuratorius -a -um (suppuro), of or
relating to an xdcer, Plin.
suppuro, 1. (sub and pus). I. Intranslt.,
to form matter, suppurate. II.Transit., to cause
to suppurate; hence, suppuratus -a -um,
suppurated, full of ulcerous sores, Plin. Subst.,
suppurata -orurn, n. sores, Plin.
suppiito, 1. (sub and puto), 1, to cut, prune
beneath, Cato ; 2, to count up, compute; with
reL seut, et sibi quid sit utile sollicitis sup-
putat articulis, Ov.
supra, adv. and prep, (for supera, sc. parte,
from superus). I. Adv., with compar., 1, of
place, a, above, over, on the top; omnia haec,
quae supra et subtcr, unum esse, Cic. ; et mare
quud supra teneant, quodque alluit infra, Verg. ;
toto vertice supra est, is taller, Verg. ; b, in
writing or discourse, before, above ; ut supra
dixi, Cic. ; uti supra demonstravimus, Caes. ;
2, of time, before, previously; pauca supra
repetere, Sail. ; 3, of degree, a, lit., more, be-
yond; supra adjicere, to offer more, Cic; b,
transf., beyond, further; ita accurate ut nihil
possit supra, Cic. ; supra deos lacessere, Hor. ;
supra quam, more than ; rem supra feret quam
fieri potest, Cic. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of
place, a, with verbs of rest, above, over; supra
subtcrque terrain per dies quindocim pugnatum
est, Liv. ; of position at table, accuinbere supra
aliquem, Cic; fig., supra caput esse, to be over
a person's head, to be a burden, to be vexatious;
ecce supra caput homolcvis, Cic; b, with verbs
of motion, (a) over, beyond; fera saltu supra
venabula fcrtur, Verg.; (/3) up to; nee exissent
unquain supra terrain, Verg.; (y) above; supra
aliquem transire, to surpass, Verg. ; 2, of tiu.e,
before; supra hanc memoriam, Caes.; 3, of
degree, a. lit., more than, above; supra nnllia
Vlginti, Liv.; b, transf., (a) above, beyond;
supra modum, Liv. ; Supra vires, Hor. ; (0) be-
sides ; supra belli Latini metum id quoque ac-
cesserat quod, etc., Liv.
suprascando, 3. to climb over, surmount:; -
fines, Liv.
supremus, etc., v. superus.
1. sura -ae, f. the calf of the leg, Ov.
2. Sura -ae, m., P. Cornelius Lentulus, fellow-
conspirator with Catiline.
surciilaceus -a -um (surculus), woody,
Plin.
surciilarius -a -um (surculus), of or re-
lating to young shoots, Varr.
surculosus -a -um (surculus), woody, like
wood, Plin.
surculus -i, m. (dim. of sums), a young
shoot, sprout, sucker.' I. Gen., Verg. ; surculum
defringere (as a sign of taking possession), Cic.
II. Esp., a sap for planting, Cic.
surdaster -tra -trum (surdus), somewhat
deal, Cic.
surditas -atis, f. (surdus), deafness, Cic.
surdus -a-um, deaf. ' I. Lit., Cic; prov.,
suidis ciinere, to sing to deaf ears, Verg.; baud
surd is anribus dicta, Liv. II. Transf., A. Act.,
1, deaf= not willing to hear, insensible ; per num-
quam surdos in tua vote deos, Ov. ; surdae
ad omnia solatia aures, Liv. ; leges rem surdam
Sur
560
sus
esse, Liv.;2, deaf = not understanding ; m\\oTm<\
sermone surdi, Cic. B. Pass., not heard, still,
silent ; lyra, Prop. ; gratia, Ov.
Surena -»e, in. a grand vteier, prime minister
among the Parthians, Tac.
surgo = subrigo (q.v.).
surpuit, Burpuerat, surpore, surpitc, v. sur-
ripio.
surrado = subrado (q.v.),
surrancidus = subrancidus (q.v.).
surrauous = subraucus (q.v.).
surrcniigo = subremigo (q.v.).
Surrentum -i, n, a townjn Campania, now
Sorrento. Hence, Surrentinus -a -uiu, Sur-
rentine.
surrepo = subrepo (q.v.).
surrcptirius = subrepticius (q.v.).
surrideo = subrideo (q.\.).
surridicule = subridicule (q.v.).
surriguus = subriguus (q.v.).
surringor = subringor (q.v.).
surripio -ripui -reptum, 3. (sub and rapio),
to take away secretly, to steal, filch, pilfer. I.
Lit., vasa ex private sacro, Cic. ; tilium ex cus-
todia, Liv. ; Pannam, conquer by cunning, Cic. ;
of plagiarism, a Naevio vel sumpsisti inulta,
si feteris, vcl, si negas, surripuisti, Cic. II. Fig".,
a, aliquid spatii, ,Cic. ; virtus uec eripi nee
surripi potest, Cic. ; b, surripi of an accused
person, to be rescued from punishment by under-
hand means, such as bribery, Cic. (syncop. forms,
surpitc, Hor.; surpuit, Plaut.; surpuerat, Hor.;
surpere, Lucr.).
surrogo = subrogo (q.v.).
surrostrani = Bubrostranl (q.v.).
SurrubSo = subrubeo (q.v.).
surriibicundus = subrubicundus (q.v.).
surrufus = subrufus (q.v.).
surriio = subruo (q.v.).
sunusticus = Bubrusticua (q.v.).
-surrutilus = subrutilus (q.v.).
sursum, adv. (sub and Wsum). I, up-
wards, on high; sursum deorsum, up and dov-'i,
backyards and forwards, Cic. II. high up,
above; nares recte sursum sunt, Cic. (susque
deque = sursum deorsum, up and down ; prov.,
de Octavio susque deque (sc fero or habeo),
I do not trouble myself about, Cic).
sums i, in. a shoot, twig, Van-.
sus, sftis, c. (f?), 1, a sow, swine, pig, hag,
Cic; 2, a kind of fish, Ov.
suscenseo -ceusui -censmn, 2. to be angry
with, to-be enraged ; a, with dut., alicui vehem-
enter, Cic. ;*■ b, with neut. ace, iilud vereor
ne tibi Mum suscensere aliquid snspicere,
Cic; c, with propter and the ace, Ov.; d,
with quia or quod, Cic. ; e, with ace. and infin.,
Liv.
susceptio -6nis, f. (suscipio), an under-
taking; causae, Cic.
susciplo -cgpi -ceptum, 3. (subs — sub and
caplo), to take up or on oneself. I. As. a bearer.
A. Lit., to carry, hold upright, Plin. B. Fig., 1,
to support, defend; uliqiiem, ap. Cic. ; 2, to take
upon oi\eself; a, to undertake a business, begin,
take vp; esp., of something undertaken volun-
tarily ; negotium, Cic. ; personam viri boni, Cic;
sacra peregrins, to adopt, Cic; b, to suffer,
submit to, endure; invidiam, Cic; dolorem, Cic;
magnam molestiam, Cic. II. As a receiver, to
Jake, receive, mtch up. A. Lit., domina.m
ruentem, Verg. ; esp., a, aliquem, to take up a
new-born child from the ground and so acknow-
ledge it ; in lucem editi et suscepti sumus, Cic. ;
Ihmicp, (ilium, etc., suscepisse ox aliqun, to hare,
to beget a child ; liberos ex filia libertini sus-
cepisse, Cic. ; b, to receive as a citizen, as a
scholar, etc. ; aliquetrrin civitatem, Cic B. Fig.,
a, to receive as true, maintain ; quae si suscip-
imus, Cic. ; b, to admit of ; consolationem, Cic. ;
C, to answer, take up the speech, Verg.
SUSClto, 1. I. to lift up. A. to raise on
high, lift up, Verg.; lintea, Ov. B. to cause to
rise, to rouse up, awake, cause to stand up; te
ab tuis subselliis contra to testem suscitabo,
Cic. ; of persons sleeping, to arouse ; aliquem e
somno, Cic ; transf., ignes sopitos, Verg. II.
to stir up ; a, to put in motion, arouse ; viros in
arma, Verg.; b, to stir up, bring about; Ro-
manum cum Saguntino bellum, Liv.
SUSinus -a -urn (crouVu'os), made of lilies,
Plin.
suspect o, 1. (intens. of suspicio). I. ta
look at, regard, gaze upon carefully, Ter. II.
to look upon with suspicion, suspect ; aliquem,
Tac-
1. SUSpcctUS -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. sus-
picio), suspected, awakening suspicion ; suspectum
meis civibus, Cic. ; aliquem suspectum habere,
to suspect, Caes. ; with de and the abl., qmim
lilius patri suspectus esset de noverca, Cic ;
with genit., suspectus cupiditatis imperii, Liv. ;
with infin., suspectus eius consilia fovisse,
Tac.
2. suspectus -Os, m. (1. suspicio). I. a look-
ing upwards; a, lit., aetlierium ad Olympian,
Verg. ; b, meton., height ; turns vasto suspeetu,
Verg. II. Fig., looking up to, honour, respect,
esteem, Ov.
suspendiosus -a -um (suspendium), one
who has hanged himself. Plin.
suspendium -ii, n. (suspendo), a hanging
of oneself, Cic; suspendio perire, Cic; plur.,
praebuit ilia arbor misero suspendia collo, has
served for hanging, Ov.
suspend ■"■ -pendi -pensum, 3. to hang vp.
I. Lit., a, nidum tigno, Verg. ; aliquem arbori
infelici,Cic; aliquem in oleastro, Cic. ; se de ficu,
Cic. ; simply se, to hang oneself, Cic. ; partic,
suspensus -a -um, hanging up, Hor.; b,
esp., to suspend as an offering in a temple, con-
secrate; vestimentadeo maris, Hor. II. Transf.,
A. to raise up, make high ; tectum turris, Caes. ;
tellurem sulco tenui, tn plough up, Verg. B.
Transf., to cause to waver, or be uncertain ; 1,
lit., a, ferre suspensos gradus, uncertain, Ov. ;
b, esp., to build upon arches, to vault; bal-
neola, Cic ; 2, transf., to support, prop up; ita
aedificatum, ut suspendi non posset, Cic. ; 3,
fig., a, to check, stop, break off; tletum, Ov. ; b,
to leave undecided ; rem medio response, Liv.;
C, to leave in uncertainty ; animos ticta gravitate,
Ov.
suspensus -a -um, p. adj. (from suspendo).
I. hovering, hanging, suspended; currus in
aqua, Cic. ; aquila suspeusis demissa leniter
alis, Liv. II. Fig., a, resting upon, dependent
upon; ex bono casu omnia suspensa sunt, Cic. ;
b, uncertain, doubtful, in suspense, wavering;
animus, Cic; aliquem suspensiun tenere, Cic;
C, fearful, anxious, restless; tiir.or, Ov.
SUSpicax -Scis (suspicor), suspicious, awak-
ening suspicion, Tac.
1. suspicio -spexi -spectum, 3. I. In transit.,
to look at from below, to look upwards ; in caelum,
Cic II. Transit., A. to look at from below,
regard, contemplate; a, lit., caelum, Cic; b,
rig., to look up to, to esteem, respect, hanouz ;
sus
561
Syb
viros, Cic. B. Esp., to suspect; with infill.,
suspectus regi, et ipse eum suspiciens, novas res
oupere, Ball.
2. suspicio -onis, f. I. mistrust, suspicion;
in qun nulla subest suspicio, Cic. ; suspicionem
liabcre, to suspect, Cic, and, to be suspicious,
Cic. ; suspicio cadit in aliquem or pertinet ad
aliqueui, Cic. ; est suspicio, foil, by ace and
itil'm., Cic; suspicionem alicui dare, Cic. ; or
affaire, Cic. ; or inferre, Cic ; in suspicionem
alicui venire, foil, by ace. and infill., Cic II.
Transf., a notion, idea, conception ; deorum, Cic
suspiciose, adv. (suspiciosus), in a sus-
picions manner, suspiciously; aliquid dicere,
Cic. ; suspiciosius dicere, Cic.
suspiciosus -a -uni (2. suspicio). I. cher-
ishing suspicion, suspecting, suspicious ; in ali-
queui, Cic II. exciting suspicion, suspicious, Cic.
susplcor, 1. dep. (1. suspicio). I. to suspect;
with ace. of thing, res nefarias, Cic; with ace
and itiiin., ea quae fore suspicatus erat, Caes.
II. Transf., to conjecture, form an opinion,
surmise; licet aliquid etiam de Popilii ingenio
suspicari, Cic. ; quantum ex monumentis sus-
picari licet, Cic ; with rel. sent., quid sibi
impenderet coepit suspicari, Cic. ; with ace. and
iufin., quod valde suspicor fore, Cic.
suspiratio -onis, f. (suspiro), a drawing a
deep breath, Plin.
suspiratus -us, m. (suspiro), a deep breath,
sigh, Ov.
susplriosus -a -urn (suspiriuc:), breathing
with difficulty, asthmatic, Plin.
suspiritus -us, m. (suspiro), a breathing
deeply, a sigh, Cic
suspirium -li, n. (suspiro). I. a deep breath,
a sigh, Cic II. asthma, difficulty of breathing,
Mart.
suspiro, 1. (sub and spiro). I. Intransit.,
to breathe deeply, to sigh ; a, occulte, Cic. ; b,
in aliquo, in aliqua, in aliquam, to sigh for, long
for, Ov. II. Transit., to breatheforth, sigh forth,
long for ; aiuores, Tib.; Chloen, Hor.
susque deque, v. sursum.
sustentaculum -i, n. (sustento), a prop,
support, Tac.
sustentatio -onis, f. (sustento), 1, a delay,
deferring ; habere aliquam moraui et sustenta-
tionem, Cic. ; 2, as a figure of speech, keeping
in suspense, Quint.
SUStento, 1. (intens. of sustineo), tohold up,
supjnrt, sustain. I. Lit., fratrem ruentem
dextra, Verg. II. Transf., 1, to sustain, sup-
port, strengthen, maintain; rempublicain, Cic;
imbccillitateiu valetudinis tuae, Cic; 2, to
sustain with food or money, maintain, support;
se amicorum liberalitate, Cic ; aerspiritu ductus
alit et sustentat animantes, Cic; 3, to bear,
sustain , maerorem tuuin, Cic; absol., in battle,
to hold out ; aegre sustentaturn est, Caes. ; 4, to
put off, hinder, delay; rem, Cic; consilio hel-
ium, Cic
SUStmeo -tiniii -teutuin, 2. (subs = sub and
tenen), to hold up, support, sustain. I. Lit., 1, aer
volatus alitum sustinet, Cic. ; se a lapsu, to
keep oneself from falling, to keep oneself upright,
Liv. ; so simply se, Cic. ; 2, to carry ; bovem,
Cic. ; of trees, (arbores) sustineant poma, Ov. ;
3, tohold back, check, restrain ; equum incitatum,
Cic. ; reinos, Cic ; impetum, Cic ; se, to hold
oneself back from, refrain from; se ab assensu,
Cic. II. Pig., 1, a, causam, Cic; munus in re-
publica, Cic ; sustines non parvam exspecta-
tionem, Cic. ; eos querents non sustinuit, could
not withstand, Cic; sustineo, I have the heart to,
f can induce myself to; with ace. and. infra.,
sustineb'int tales viri se tot senatoribus, tot
populorum privatorumque litteris non credi-
disse, Cic. ; b, absol., tuilit. t. t., to stand one's
ground; liiutus Mutinae vix sustintbat, Cic;
2, to support, maintain, nourish, sustain; ager
non aiuplius hominum quinque uiillia sustinere
potest, Cic; 3, to put off, delay; solutionem,
Cic. ; rem in noctem, Liv. ; 4. to sustain, sup-
port, maintain, preserve; civitatis dignitatem
ac decus, Cic
SUStolio, 3. 1, to lift up, raise up, elevate,
Ov. ; 2, to take off, carry off ; liliam, Plant.
sustringo = substringo (q.v.).
susurrator -Oris, m. (susurro), a murmurer,
mutterer, ap. Cic
susurro, l. (susurrus), to murmur, mutter,
whisper; of men, Ov. ; of bees, to hum, Verg.;
of water, Verg. ; of the wind, Verg.
1. susurrus -i, m. (reduplicated from the
root of <ropi'£eie, avpiyi), a murmuring, mutter-
ing, whispering, humming, buzzing, Cic.
2. susurrus -a -um(l. susurrus), whispering,
muttering; lingua, Ov.
sutela -ae, f. (suo), a sewing together; fig.,
a cunning trick, artifice, Plaut.
Suthul -ulis, n. a fort in Numidia, perhaps
ruins of Guelnw.
SUtllis -e (suo), stitched together, fastened
together ; cymba, Verg.
sutor -oris, m. (suo), a shoemaker, cobbler,
Cic; prov.,nesutor supra crepiilaui(sc. judicet),
let the cobbler stick to his last, Plin.
SutoriUS -a -urn (sutor), of or relating to a
shoemaker; atramentum, blacking, Cic
sutrinus -a -um (sutor), of or relating to a
shoemaker. I. Adj., taberna, cobbler's stall, Tac.
II. Subst. , sutrina -ae, f. a, (sc ars), a shoe-
maker's trade, Varr. ; b, (sc. taberna), a shoe-
maker's stall or shop, Plin.
Sutrium -li. n. a town in Etruria, pow
Sutri. Hence, Sutrinus -a -uni, of or belong-
ing to Sutrium; plur. subst, Sutrini -oruin,
in. tlve inhabitants of Sutrium.
SUtura -ae, f. (suo), a seam, suture, Liv.
SUUS -a -um, pron. poss., his, her, its, own.
1. Lit., A. Gen., 1, adj., a, suus cuique erat
locus definitus, Cic. ; aliquem suum facere, make
one's own, Liv. ; b, (a) with quisque in a different
case, quo sua quemque natura maxime ferre
videatur, Cic. ; or in the same case, quas tamen
inter onines est suo quoque in genere mediocres,
Cic. ; (/3) with proprius, sua cuique laus propria
debetur, Cic. ; (y) with the ethic dat., factus
(consul) est bis, primum ante tempus, iterum
sibi suo tempore, Cic. ; (6) with ipse, sua ipsam
peremptam (esse) mercede, Liv. ; (e) strengthened
by -pte or -met, Crassum suapte interfectum
manu, Cic. ; capti suismet ipsi praesidiis, Liv. ;
2, subst., a, sui, his men, dependents, country-
men, etc ; quern sui Caesarein salutabant, Cic. ;
b, suum -i, n. one's own property ; ad suum
pervenire, Cic. B. 1, his, its, etc. = proper, '
suitable; suum numerum habere, Cic; 2,=
favourable, propitious; utebatur populo suo,
Cic. ; 3, his or their own = not strange; sui dei
aut novi, Cic. ; 4, independent, in one's own
power; is poterit semper esse in disputando
suus, Cic. II. Transf., rarely used for sui,
injuria sua, against himself, Ball.
syagrus -i, f. (cniaypos), a species of palm-
tree, Plin. . i*
Sybaris -ris, f. (2u/3opn). La riixr in
Lucania, now Sibari. II. a Greek town in Lu-
cania, on the river of the same name, destroyed
510 B.c-., and afterwards rebuilt under the nameoj
syc
56^
c>yr
Thurii, famous for its luxury. Hence, A. Syb-
aritae -arum, m. the people of Sybaris. B.
Sybaritis -Idis, f. name of a wanton poem.
syce -es, f. (owij), l s a plant also called peplis,
Plin. ; 2, a species of resin, Plin. ; 3, a running
sore in Vie eye, Plin.
Sychaeus -i, m. husband of Dido, Hence,
adj., Sychaeus -a -um, belonging to Sychaeus.
sycites -a -um (o-vki>>]s), fig-wine, Plin.
sycophant a -ae, f. (<rv<o4>dvrr]i). I. an in-
former, trickster, deceiver, Plant,, Ter. II. a
cunning flatterer, sycophant, Plaut.
sycophantia -ae, f. (ovKoQavrla), craft, de-
ception, Plaut.
sycophantlose, adv. (sycophanta), roguish-
ly, craftily, Plaut.
sycophantor, 1. dep. ((rvKo^ai/Te'oj), to play
tricks, act craftily, Plaut.
Syene -es, f. (SvTJrrj), a town, in Upper Egypt,
famous for its red granite. Hence, Syenites -ae,
m. (Surju'njs), of or belonging to Syene, Syenitic.
Syla = SUa (q.v.).
i Syleum (Sylleum) -i, n. (2v\uov), a moun-
tain-town in Pamphylia.
Sylla = Sulla (q.v.).
syllaba -ae, f. ((nAAnjSjj), 1, a syllable ; syl-
laba brevis, longa, Cic. ; 2, meton., syllabae,
verses, poems, Mart.
gyllahatim, adv. (syllaba), syllable by syl-
lable, Cic.
syllibus = sittybos (q.v.).
Byllogismus -i, m. (o-i/AAoyto>L.os), a syllog-
ism, Sen.
sylldgistlCUS -a -um (o-vXAovio-tikos), syl-
logistic, Quint.
i Symaethus -i, m. (Sv/imifos), the largest
river in Sicily, on the east of the island, receiving
a number ofsmallei- streams, now Giaretta. Hence,
A. Symaetheus -a -um, belonging to tluz Symae-
thus. B. Symaethls -Idis, f., nympha, the
nymph of the river Symaethus. C. Symae-
thius -a- uin, Symaethian ; flumina, which fall
into the Symaethus, Verg. ; heros, Acis, son of
the nymph of the Symaethus, Ov.
symbola -ae, f. (o-vixpo\r)), a contribution of
money to a common feast, Plaut., Ter.
symbolus -i, m. and symbolum -i, n.
(tn/fi^oAo?), a sign, token, signal, symbol, Plaut.
svmmetria -ae, £. (o-u/ip-erpia), symmetry,
Plin.
sympathia -ae, f. (crviJ.Tr6.8cta.), sympathy,
natural inclination or agreement of two things,
Plin.
symphorua -ae, f. (trv/x^uji'ia), a concert,
musical performance, Cic.
::ymphdnlacus -a -um (o-vM^omaxd?), of or
relating to a concert; pueri, singing boys, Cic.
SymplegadCS -um, f. (Svixirkriyale;), the
Symplegades, rocks in the entrance to the Euxhie,
which, according to the fable, dashed against one
another till they were fixed after the passage of the
Argo between them.
symplegma -atis, n. (cnJp.-n\eyn.o.), a group
of wrestlers, closely embracing each other, Plin.
Synapothnescontes (.o-uvaTroQmjtTicoi/Tes),
Those Dying Together (the title of a comedy of
Dipliilus).
Synaristosae -arum, f. (a-uvapt.aru>o-a.C), the
Women i>reakja3ting Together (the titlo of a
comedy nf Menander), Plin.
syncerastum -i, n. (ruyKcpacrov), a dish, of
liolch-potch, hash, Varr.
synecdoche -es, f. (a-vveKSoxr)), a figure of
speech by v:hich a part is put for the whole, or the
cause for the result, synecdoche, Quint.
synodrus -i, m. (oweSpos), among the
.Macedonians = senator, Liv.
Synephebi -oruin, n. (<rvve<}>riPoi.),Thc Fellow-
Youths (a comedy by Statius Caecilius), Cic.
syngrapha -ae, f. (<rvyypa#7j), a bond, pro-
missoi-y note, agreement to pay; cedeie alicui
aliquid persyngraphum, Cic.; i'acere syngraphas
cum aliquo, Cic. ; jus dicere ex syngrapha, Uc.
syngraphus -i, m. (trOyypa^os), 1, a written
contract, Plant. ; 2, a passport, Plaut.
synl ... v. syll . . .
Synnada -drum, n. (t<i 'S.vwaSa), and Syn-
nas -adis and -ados, f. a small town in Phrygia,
famous for its marble, now Eski-karahissar.
Hence, Synnadensis -e, of or belonging to
Synnada.
■ synodontltis -Idis, f. (ctvvoSovtlt^), a pre-
cious stone found in the brain of the fish sy nodus,
Plin.
synodus -ontis, m. (avioSovs), a fish, per-
haps a kind of bream, Ov.
syntecticus -a -um (ownjKnKds), wasting
away, consumptii'e, Plin.
syntexis -is, f. (o-uvtyi^), wasting away,
consumption, Plin.
synthesina = synthesis, II. b.
synthesis -is, f. (o-iVOeo-is, aputting together).
I. a service of plate, set of dishes, Mart. II. a -
Wit of clothes; a, Mart.; b, a light upper gar-
ment, dressing-gown, Mart.
syntonum -i, n. (oUvrovov), a musical in-_
strument, Quint.
Syphax -pbacis, m. (Su4>af), king of the
Massaesyli, in Numidia, at the time of the Second
Punic War, son-in-law of Hasdrubal.
Syracfisae -arum, f. (2.vpa<ov<rat), the chief
town of Sicily, a Corinthian colony founded 70S
B.C., birthplace of 'Archimedes and Theocritus.
Hence, A. Syracusanus -a -um, Syracusan.
B. Syracusius -a -um, Syracusan. C. Syra-
COSi'.lS -a -um, Syracusan.
Syri (Surl) -drum, m. (Zvpoi), the Syrians,
the inhabitants of Syria. Hence, A. Syrus -a
-um, Syrian. B. Syria -ae, f. (.Zvpio), Syria, a
country in Asia, on the Mediterranean Sea, in a
wider sense including the country east of Syria as
far as tlic Tigris ; Syria = Assyria, Cic. C.
Syriacus -a -um, Syrian. D. Syrius -a -um,
Syrian.
syringias -ae, m. (a-upiyyCas), a kind of reed,
adapted for making pipes, Plin.
syrites -ae, in. (oTjplTns), a stone found in a,
wolf's bladder, Plin.
1. Syrius, v. Syri.
2. Syrius, v. Syros.
syrma -matis, n. (avpua). I. along, trailing
robe, frequently worn by tragic actors, Juv. II.
Meton. — tragedy, Juv.
Syrophoenix -nicis, m. (2upo4>otVif), a Syro-,
Phoenician, i.e., of Phoenicia on the border of Syria.
Syros -i, f. (2upo;), an island in the Aegeo.n
Sea, now Siru. Hence, Syrius -a -um (Supios),
of Syros, born at Syros.
Syrtis -is and -Idos, f. (SvpTts), a sand-
bank, esp., those sandbanks on the coast of Northern-
Africa, including Syrtis Major, now Sidra, and
Syrtis Minor, now tabes; a, lit., Liv.; b, tiansf.,
thi coast opposite the. Syrtis, Hor. ; c, meton,,'.
Syrtis patrimonii, Cic.
Syrus -a -um, v. Syri.
tab
m
tac
T.
Tt I t, the nineteenth letter of the Latin alpha-
JL , bet, corresponding with the Greek tau
(T, t). It is interchanged with d, c, and s,
and assimilated with s, as quatio, quassi, mitto,
missus. For the use of T. as au abbreviation,
see Table of Abbreviations.
tabanus -i, m- a gadfly, horsefly, Varr.
tabella -ae, f. (dim. of tabula). I. a small
flat board or tablet ; liminis, the threshold, Cat.
II. Meton., 1, the tray or trough in which
Romulus and Remus were exposed, Ov. ; 2, a
draught-board, Ov. ; 3, a picture, Cie. ; 4 ? a
writing-tablet; cerata, covered with wax, Cic. ;
meton., in plur., a, <x letter, note; tabellas pro-
ferri jussimus, Cic. ; b, a record, proctocol,
register, etc. ; tabellae quaestionis, Cic; tabellis
obsignatis agis meeum, you. take note of what
I said, Cic. ; 5, a votive tablet hung up in a
temple, Ov. ; 6, a voting-ticket, ballot; a, iu the
comitia, b, in the courts of law, Cic.
tabellarius -a -um (tabella). I. of or re-
lating to letters; naves, mail-boats, Sen.; gen.
'subst., tabellarius -ii, m. a letter-carrier, Cic.
II. of or relating to voting ; lex, Cic.
tabeo, 2. (connected with tijku, t-rdK-riv).
I. to waste away, fall away, melt, be consumed;
corpora tabent, Cic. II. Transf., to drip with ;
artus sale (sea-water) tabentes, Verg.
taberna -ae, f. (root TAB, whence tabula),
a booth, hut. I. As a dwelling-place, pauperum
tabernae, Hor. II. As a place of business, a
stall, shup; libraria, a bookseller's shop, Cic; in
tabernam devertere, a tavern, Cic. III. an
arcade in the Circus, Cic. IV. As proper name,
Tres Tabernae, a place on tlie Appian Road.
tabernaculum -i, n. (taberna). I. a hut,
a tent; tabernaeuhim in campo Martio "sibi col-
locare, Cic. II. Esp., in religious language, a
place outside the city chosen by the augurs for
taking the auspices previous to the comitia, Cic. ;
capere tabernaculum, Cic.
tabernarius -ii, m. (taberna), a shopkeeper,
Cic.
tabernula -ae, f. (dim. of taberna), a little
shop, small tavern, Suet.
tabes -is, f. (tabeo). I. wasting away, putre-
faction, melting;' 1, gen., liquescentis nivis,
Liv.; 2, esp., a, a wasting away, decline, con-
sumption, Cic; b, a plague, pestilence; tatita
vis morbi, uti tabes, plerosque civium animos
invaserafc, Sail. II. Meton., moisture arising
from melting or decay, corruption ; sanguinis, Liv.
tabesco, tabtti, 3. to melt, waste away, be
gradually consumed. I. Of things, a, lit., with
abl., corpora calore, Ov. , b, transf., nolite pati
reguum Nuniidiae per scelus et sanguiuem
familiae nostrae tabescere, 6e ruined, Sail. II.
Of men, to waste away, languish, perish, be
ruined; a, with abl., dolore, Cic; absol.,
perspicio nobis in hac calamitate pertabesceu-
dum esse, Cic; b, of love, to pine away, Ov. ;
c, to pine away with envy, Hor.
tabidulus -a -um (dim. of tabidus), wasting,
consuming; mors, Verg.
' tabidus -a -um (tabes). I. melting, con-
suming, wasting, decaying, pining away, dis-
solving; nix, Liv. II. Act., consuming, causing
to waste away; lues, Verg.
tabificus -a -um (tabes and facio), melting,
dissolving, consuming, causing to waste awav ;
inentis perturbationes, Ov. . ""'.'."
tabitudo -Inis, f. (tabes), decline, consump-
tion, Plin.
tabula -ae, f. (root TAB, whence taberna), o
board, plank. I. Lit., tabulam arripere de
naufragio, Cic II. Meton., 1, a bench (for
sitting) ; solventur risu tabulae (perhaps = the
benches will burst with laughter, but v. solvo
II. B. 1, b), Hor.; 2, a gaming-board, draught-
board, Ov. ; 3, a painted panel ; a, a painting,
picture; tabula picta or simply tabula, Cic;
prow, manuni de tabula, hold! enough! Cic;
b, a votive tablet, Hor. ; 4, a tablet for
writing; a, writing-tablet, Liv.; b, a tablet
on which a law was engraved; XII tabulae,
the Twelve Tables, Cic. ; c, a tablet used at an
auction; adest ad tabulam, at the auction, Cic. ;
d, the tablet on which a list of the proscribed teas
drawn up, Cic. ; e, a vote in the comitia, Cic. ;
f, a map, chart. Cic. ; g, a contract, register,
record, Cic. ; esp., the lists of the censor, Cic. ;
h, tabulae, aceount-books ; coiiflcere tabulas,
Cic. ; tabulae novae, new account-books, by which
old debts were cancelled, Cic. ; i, tabulae, state
papers, public records, archives ; tabulas corrump-
ere, Cic; j, a will, Hor.; k, a money-changer's
table, Cic.
tabularis -e (tabula), of or relating to boards,
plates of wood, or metal, Plin.
tabularius -a -um (tabula), of. oi^relating
to written documents. Subst, 1, tabularius
•ii, ra.a keeper of records, Sen.; 2, tabularium
-Ii, n. (sc aediheiuni), archives, Cic.
tabulatio -ouis, f. (tabula), a flooring, plank-
ing, boarding, story, Caes.
tabulatum -i, n. (tabula). I. a flooring,
boarding, floor, story ; turris quatuor tabulat-
oruin, Caes. II. Transf., a row or layer of vines,
Verg.
tabullnum -i, n. and (syncop.) tablinum
-i, n. (tabula), a record-room, muniment-room,
archives, Plin.
tabum -i, n. (= tabes). I. a plague, pestilence;
corpora atfecta tabo, Liv. II. Meton., a corrupt
moisture, clotted blood, matter ; terrain tabo
maculant, Verg.
Taburnus -i, m. a range of mountains in
Campania.
taceo, tactti, taciturn, 2. I. Intransit, to be
silent. A. Lit. = not to speak; an me taciturum
tanti's de rebus existimavistis ? Cic. B. Transf.,
= silere, to be noiseless, still, quiet ; tacet omnia
ager, Verg.; Ister tacens, frozen, Ov. ; loca,
noiseless, tlie lower world, Verg. II. Transit., to
be silent about anything, pass over in silence;
quod adhuc semper tacui, et tacendum putavi,
Cic. ; ut alios taceam, to say nothing about others,
Ov.; pass., aureus in medio Marte tacetur amor,
Ov.
Tacita (dea) -ae, f. (taceo), the goddess of
silence.
tacite, adv. (tacitus). L silently, in silence ;
tacite rogare, Cic. II. quietly, secretly; perire,
Cic
taoiturnitas -atis, f. (taciturnus). I. silence,
taciturnity ; testium, Cic. II. silence, as a
virtue, opus est fide ac taciturnitate, Ter.; nosti
hominis taciturnitatem, Cic.
taciturnus -a -urn (tacitus). I. silent,
taciturn (opp. loquax) ; homo, Cic. ; ingenium
statua taciturnius, Hor. ; tineas pasces taciturnas
(of a book), Hor. II. Transf., still, quiet ; auinis,
Hor.
1. tacitus -a -um, p. adj. (from taceo). I.
Pass., A. that which is passed over in silence, vn-
mentioned; aliquid taciturn rolinquere, Cic; ali-
quid (e.g. dolorcm, gaudium) taciturn coutintre,
Tac
564
tarn
Liv. ; non feres taciturn, I will not be silent about
it, Cic. ; subst, taciturn -i, n. « secret, Ov.
B. Transf., 1, silently assumed, implied, tacit;
induclae, Liv. ; assensio, Cic. ; 2, done silently
or secretly, secret, concealed ; judicium, Cic. ;
vulniis, Verg. II. Act, A. not speaking, silent,
quiet, mute; me tacito, / being silent, Cic; hoc
tacitus praeterire non possum, Cic. ; tactta
luiiiiiia, eyes in n fixed stare, Verg. ; oitcu in the
place of the adv., tacita tecum loquitur patria,
silently, Cic. B. Transf., making no noise, still,
quiet; nox, Ov. ; exspectatio, Cic.
2. Tacitus -i, in., Cornelius, the celebrated
historian of the early empire, contemporary and
friend of the younger Pliny, bom between 50 and
GO a.d.
tactills -e (tango), that can be touched,
Lucr.
tactio -i5nis, f. (tango). I. a touching, Plant.
II. the sense of touch ; voluptates oculoruiu et
tactionum, Cic.
tactus -us, in. (tango). I. a touch, touching.
A. Lit., chordae, ad quemquetactum respondent,
Cic. B. Transf., 1, influence, operation; solis,
Cic; 2, the sense of touch; res sub tactum cadit,
Cic. II. tangibility, Lucr.
taeda -ae, f. (connected with BnU or Sa<;,
ace SaiSa or SaSa). I. the pine-tree , Plin.; plur.,
pine-wood, Hor. II. Meton., A. a board of pin*.
Juv. B. Esp., a, a torch of pine-wood ; taeda
ardentes, Cic. ; esp., as used at weddings, taeda
jugalis, Ov. ; meton. — marriage, Verg., Ov., and
= love, Prop. ; b, on instrument of torture, Juv.
tacdet, taediiit and taesuni est, 2. impers.
to be disgusted with, with ace. of pcrs. and
genit. of tiling ; sunt homines quos libidinis in-
famiaeque suae neque pudeat nequc taedeat, Cic.
taedifcr -iera -fgrum (taeda and fero),
torch-bearing ; dea, Ceres, who kindled a pine-
torch on Mount Aehia when searching for Pro-
serpine, Ov.
• taedium -li, n. (taedet). I. disgust, weari-
ness, loathing ; louginquae obsidionis, Liv. ;
taedio curarum fessus, Tac. II. In an objective
senbe, that which causes disgust, loathsomeness,
Plin.
Taenarus (-6s) -i, c. and Taenarum
(-on) -i, n. (ToiVapo; and -ov), and Taenara
-oruni, n. a promontory and town in Laconia,
where teas a temple of Neptune, and whence there
was supposed to be a descent into Tartarus, now
Cape Matapan ; hence, A. A<1j., Taenarius
-a -urn, Laconian, Spartan; niarita, Helen, Ov. ;
fauces, entrance into hell, Verg. ; so porta, Ov. ;
bencc, meton. = infernal ; valles, the lower world,
Ov. B. Taenaris -Idis, f. Taenarian; poet,
Spartan, Laconian; soror, Helena, Ov. C.
Subst., Taonarides -ae, m. poet. =the La-
conian, i.e. Hyacinthus, Ov.
taenia -ae, f. (i-aieta). I. a fillet, the ribbon
of a choplet, Verg. II. Meton., A. the tape-
worm, Plin. B. a reef of rocks under uxiter,
Plin. (abl. plur., contr. taenis, Verg.).
taoter = teter (q.v.).
tagax -acts (tago), thievish, given to pilfering,
Cic.
Tages -getis and -gae, m. an Etruscan deify,
grandson of Jupiter, said to hare sprung from
the earth, as it uvs being ploughed, in the form of
a boy, and to hare taught the Etruscans sooth-
saying.
tago = tango (q.v.).
Tagus -i, m. a river in Lusitania, now Tejn,
celebrated for its golden sands,
• talaria, v. talaris.
talaris -e (talus), o/or relating to the ankles ;
tunica, reaching to the ankles, Cic. ; subst., tal-
aria -lum, n. 1, wings on the ankles, winged
sandals, assigned to Mercurius, Verg., Perseus,
Ov., Minerva, Cic ; prov., tularia videamus,
let us think of flight, Cic; 2, a long robe reaching
to the ankles, Ov.
talarius -a -urn (talus), of or relating to the
ankles ; Indus, a game accompanied with gestures,
noisy instruments (such as the erotala, cynibala),
so called because tho persons engaged iu it
wore the tunica talaris, Cic.
Talassio •flnia, m., Talassius -li, in., and
Talassus -i, m. a cry usual at lioman weddings.
Talaus -i, m. (ToAaos), one of the Argonauts,
father of Adrastus, Eriphyle, etc. ; Talai gener,
Amphiaraus, hus'jand of Eriphyle, Ov. Hence,
Talaionius -a -uni, o/or belonging to Talaus.
talea -ae, f. (root TAG, whence talus, taxil-
lu.s). I. a cutting, slip for planting, Plio, II. a,
ft short stake, with an iron hook, thrown on the
ground to prevent the attack of cavalry, Caes. ; b,
talea ferrea, a bar of iron used as money in
Britain, Caes.
talentum -i, n. (tAXclvtoi). I. a Greek
weight, which varied indifferent states, the Italian
= 100 Roman pounds ; aurique eborisque talenta,
Verg. II. a sum of money, also varying in
amount, but in Attica probably about £2-13 15s.,
Cic. (genit. pi., gen. talentum).
talio -oiiis, f. (talis), retaliation or recomjiense,
Cic.
talis -e, of such a kind, such. I. Gen., a,
aliquid tale, Cic; foil, by qualis, ut, atque, etc.,
ut facillime, quales sinuis tales esse videamur,
Cic. ; teles esse ut laudemur, Cic. ; talis qualein
te esse video, Cic. ; b, the following, as follows ;
talia fatus, Verg. II. Like toioGtos ; a, of such
n distinguished, remarkable, special kind; judiees
tali dignitate praediti, Cic ; b, so exceptional,
blamable ; facinus, Nep.
taliter, adv. (talis), in such a manner, so,
Plin. ;
talitrum -i, n. a snap of the finger, fillip,
Suet.
talpa -ae, f. (m. Verg.), a mole, Cic
Talthybius (Talthiibius) -li, m. (ToA-
dvfiios), a herald and messenger of Agamemnon.
talus -i, m. (root TAG, whence talea, taxil-
lus). I. Lit, a, the ankle, ankle-bone, Plin. ; h,
the heel ; purpura usque ad talos demissa, Cic.
II. Meton., a die (made originally out of the
ankle-bones of the hind feet of certain animals),
which, as used among the Romans, had only
four Hat sides, the other two being left round ;
talis ludere, Cic.
tarn, adv. (orig. an accusative, like qnam,
jam, clam, palam). I. Correl. demonstr. particle,
to express comparison, so far, to such a degree ;
a, with qnam ; (a) before adj. and adv., tain
esse olemeiis tyrannus, quam rex importunus
potest, Cic; tain . . . quam, both . . . and.
Suet. ; quam. . . tain before comparatives ami
superlatives, quam magis. . . . tain magis, the
more . . . the more, Verg. ; (fi) before verbs, e.g.,
esse = talis, haee tarn ess« quam audio, non
puto, Cic; and before subst., tarn . . . quam,
not so much . . . as; utiiiam non tain fratri
pietatem qnam patriae praestere voluisset, Cic. ;
with qui, quae, quod, quis est tarn lynceuR,
qui nihil otrendat, Cic ; b, with ut and the
subj., non essem tain inurbanus, uti egogravarer,
Cic. II. Demonstr. particle, without a correl.
= so, so very, so much, of such high degrei ;
quid tu tain inane? Cic; before a subst., COS
tam tempore exclamarit oecisum * Cic.
tarn
565
tap
tamarlx -icis, f. the tamarisk, Plin.
Tamasos -i, f. (Ta^a<ros), a town in Cyprus.
Hence, Tam&seus -a -uin, belonging to Tama-
mm ; ager, Ov.
tamdiu, adv. I. so long ; foil, by qnam-
dln, quoad, dam, quam, donee, tamdiu requiesco,
quanuliu scribo, Cic. II. so long, i.e., so very
long, Cic.
tamen, adv. an adversative particle, used—
I. In the apodosis ; 1, with quamquam, quam-
vis, etsi, etiamsi, tametsi, licet, quum = Aou>-
ever, yet, nevertheless, not withstanding, for all that ;
quamquam abest a culpa, suspicions tamen non
caret, Cic. ; 2, in the apodosis of a conditional
sentence, yet, yet at least, still ; si Massiliensea
per deleetos cives reguntur, inest tamen in ea
conditione, etc., Cic. II. To begin a fresh
clause, still, however, yet ; hi non sunt permol-
esti ; sed tamen insident o.t urgent, Cic. ; joined
with si = but if, if only, Ov.
tamen-etsi, conj. although, Cic.
Tamcsis -is, m. and Tamesa -ae, m. a
river in Britain, now the Thames.
tametsi, conj. (tamen and etsi). I. although,
though, nevertheless; foil, by indie, Cic II.
however ; tametsi quae est ista laudatio, Cic.
tamquam (tanquam), adv. I. Intro-
ducing a com parison, as, just as, like as, as if, as it
were ; quod video tibi etiam novum accidisse tam-
quam niihi, Cic; gloria virtutein tamquam umbra
sequitur, Cic. ; foil, by sic or ita, tamquam bona
valetudo jucundior est, sic, etc., Cic; tamquam
si, just as if; tamquam si tna res agatur, Cic. ;
so v.'itli tamquam alone, tamquam clausa sit
Asia, as if, Cic. II. Causal, as though; classis,
tamquam eo diu pugnatura, e portu movit, Liv.
Tanager -gri, m. a river in Lucania, now
Negro. u
Tanagra -ae, f. (Tdvaypa) a town in the east
ofBoeotia; adj., Tanagraeus -a -urn, of or
belonging to Tanagra.
Tanais -Idis and -is, m. (Tarai's). I. a river
in Sarmatia, now the Don. II. a river in Nu-
inidia.
Tanaum -i, n. a bay in Britain, now Firth
of'Tay.
Tanaquil -quills, f. wife of Tarquinius
Priscus.
tandem, adv. (tain and denionstr. suffix clem).
1. at length, at last ; tandem vulneribus defessi
pedem referre coeperunt, Caes. ; strengthened
by jam, aliquando, Cic. II. In interrogations,
pray, then; quid tandem agebatis? Cic; quod
genus est tandem ostentationis et gloriae? Cic.
Tanfana -ae, f. a German deity.
tango, tetlgi, tactum, 3. and (archaic) tago,
taxi, 3. (root TAC), to touch. I. Bodily ; 1, gen.,
terrain genu, Cic ; 2, tolouch a place, i.e., a, to
border on; villa tangit viam, Cic ; b, to enter,
reach a place ; provinciam, Cic. ; 3, to touch, seize,
strike, push, hit ; a, chordas, Ov.; fulniine tactus,
Cic, or de caelo tactus, struck by lightning, Cic.;
b, totouch = tokill ; quemquara oportnissetangi,
Cic. ; 4, to sprinkle ; corpus aqua, Ov. ; 5, a,=
to take; non teruncium de praeda, Cic; b, to
touch, talx part of taste, eat ; cibos dente, Hor.
II. Of the mind, 1, gen., to touch, move, affect,
impress ; minae Clodii modice me tangunt, Cic;
2, to touch upon in discourse, mention; ubi
Aristoteles ista tetigit? Cic; 3, to cheat, cozen,
Plant. ; 4, to undertake, prepare ; cannina, Ov.
taniacae -arum, f. long strips of pork, Varr.
Tantalus (-os) -i, m. (TairaAo«), a king of
Phrygia, father of l'elops and Niobe, u-ho set his
own child as food before the gods, and was punished
in Hades by being placed near fruits and- water,
which drew back whenever he attempted to satisfy
his everlasting hunger and thirst. Hence, A.
adj., Tantaleus -a -um, of or belonging to
Tantalus. B. Bubst., TantaHdes -ae, m.
a sou or descendant of Tantalus, Pelops, Ov.;
Agamemnon, Ov. ; Tantalidae fratres, Atreus
and Thyestes, Ov. C. Tantalis -Idis, f. a
daughter or other female descendant of Tantalus,
Kiobe, Hermione, Ov.
tantillus -a -um (tantus) = tiintulus, so
little, so small, Plant. Snbst., tantillum -i,
n. so small a thing, such a trijle, Plant.
tantisper, adv. (tantus). I. so long, foil,
by ilum ; ut ibi esset tantisper, duin euleus coni-
pararctur, Cic. II. meanwhile, Cic
tantopere, or sep. tanto opere, adv. so
greatly, so much; discere, Cic
tantulus -a -um (dim. of tantus), so small,
so little; causa, Cic. Subst., tantillum -i, n.
so small a thing, such a trifle; tantulo venierint,
at so small a price, Cic
tantum, v. tantus.
tantummodo, adv. only ; ut tantummodo
per stirpes alantur suas, Cic.
tantundem, v. tantusdem.
tantus -a -um, correl. adjectival pron. I.
of such size, so great ; a, foil, by quantus, nullam
unquam vidi tantam (coutionem), quanta nunc
vestrum est, Cic. ; b, foil, by qui, quae, quod,
gen. with snbj., nulla est tanta vis, quae non
frangi possit, Cic; c, foil, by quain, Liv., Verg.;
d, foil, by nt and the subj., non fuit tantus
homo in civitate, ut de eo potissimum con-
qneramur, Cic. ; e, without a correl., in tantis
mutationibus, Cic; tot tantaque vitia, Cic II.
so much ; tanta pecunia, Cic ; 1, neut., tantum,
subst., a, in nora. and ace, so much; (a) ut
tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset,
reinitteret, Cic; (|3) with genit., auctoritatis,
Cic. ; b, in genit. of actual or moral value, at
such a price, so dear; hortos emit tanti, quant i
Pythius voluit, Cic. ; esp., (a) aliquid or aliquis
est tanti, is worth so much ; tanti eius apud se
gratiam esse, uti, etc., Caes. ; (/3) aliquid tanti
est, it is worth the while; est milii tanti, huius
invidiae crimen subire, duniinodo, etc., Cic ;
c, abl., tanto ; (a) before comparatives, the more ;
tanto nos subinissius geramus, Cic ; (8) with
adv. of time, tanto ante, so long before, Cic ; (y)
with verbs expressing a comparison, as praestare,
Ov. ; d, in tantum, so far, so much ; in tantum
suam felicitatemvirtutemque enituisse, Liv.; 2,
neut., tantum, asadv.= somuch, so far ; (a) with
verbs, de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velini
cogites, Cic. ; (/3) with adj., instead of tarn,
tantum magna, Hor. III. of sweh a kind, so
little, so small ; ceterarum provinciarum vectig-
alia tanta sunt, ut iis ad provincias tutandas
vix content) esse possimus, Cic; neut., tantum,
as subst. = so little; praesidii, Caes.; as adv.=
only ; noinen tantum virtutis usurpas, Cic. ;
tantum nnn, all but, Liv.; tantum quod; (o)
just, Cic; (/3) only; tantum quod hominem
non noininat, Cic; non tantum . . . sed etiam,
not only . . . but also, Liv.
tantusdem, tantadem, tantuindem andtan-
tundein, just so much, just so great; neut. tan-
tuindem or tantundem, just so much; a, in nom.
and ace, niagistratvbus taiituiudem detur in
cellam, quantum scinper datum est, Cic. ; b,
genit. of price, tantidem, Cic.
tapcte -is, n. and tapctum -i, n. (romjO,
dravrry, tapestry, used for covering walls, doors,
co; -s, etc, Verg. (abl. plur., tapetibus, Verg.,
Liv., Ov. ; tapetis, Verg. ; ace. plur., tapetag
from unused nom. tapes, Verg.).
Tap
566
tax
TaprSbane -6s, f. (Tairpj/Sowj), an island
south of India, now Ceylon.
tarandrus -i, m. a rein-deer, Plin.
Tarbelli -drum, in. a people in Aquitania.
tarde, adv. (tardus). I. slowly; navigare,
Cic ; tardius nioveri, Cic. ; judicare, Cic. II.
late, not in time; triennio tardius (later) tri-
umphare, Cic. ; tardissimc perferri, Cic.
tardesco, 3. (tardus), to become slow, Lucr.
tardigradus -a -urn (tardc and gradior),
slowly stepping, ap. Cic.
tardiloquus -a -urn (tnrde and loquor),
slowly speaking, Sen.
tardipes -pedis (tardus and pes), slow footed ;
deus, limping, i.e., Fitfcaiij-Cat.
tarditas -atis, f. (tardus). I. slowness,
tardiness ; a, of persons, plerisque in rebus
gerendis tarditas et proerastinatio odiosa est,
Cic. ; b, of tilings, slowness, inactivity; pedum,
Cic; navium, Caes. ; esp., slowness in speaking ;
cursum contentiones magis requirunt, exposi-
tioiies rerum tarditatem, Cic. II. Transf.,
mental and moral slowness, slothfvlness, inert-
ness, dulness, stupidity ; ingenii, Cic.
tardltudo -mis, f. (tardus), slowness, Plant.
tardiusculus -a -um (tardus), somewhat
slow, tardy, Plant.
tardo, 1. (tardus). I. Intransit., to loiter,
to be slow ; num quid putes reipublicae nomine
tardandum esse nobis, Cic. II. Transit., to
make slow, tardy, to hinder, delay, retard ;
cursuin, Cic; with ab and the abl., aliquem a
laude alicuius, Cic; with intln., ut reliqui hoc
timore propius adire tardarentur, Caes.
tardus -a -urn, slow, tardy. I. Lit., 1, gen.,
a, of living creatures, pecus, Cic. ; homo, Cic. ;
with in and the abl., in deeedendo tardior, Cic;
with ad and the ace, tardior ad disccdenduni,
Cic. ; b, of things, tibiciuis modi, Cic. ; vox,
Cic; imp., (a) coming late ; poena, Cic. ; (0) last-
ing a long time, lingering; menses, Verg. ; 2,
poet., making slow; podagra, Hor. II, Transf.,
a, of persons, slow of comprehension, dull, stujdd ;
nimis indocilcs quidam tardique sunt, Cic. ; b,
of things, dull; ingenium, Cic ; c, of speech
or a speaker, slow, measured, deliberate; in
utroque genere dicendi principia tarda sunt,
Cic
Tarentum -i, n. and Tarentus -i, f.
(Tapas), a wealthy town on the coast of Magna
Graecia, founded by Spartan exiles, 707 B.C.,
famous for its purple dyes, now Taranto. Hence,
adj., Tarentlnus -a -inn, Tarentine ; plnr.
subst., Tarentini -Brum, m. inhabitants of
Tarentum.
tarnies -Itis, m. a wood-worm, Plant.
Tarpejus -a -nm, name of a Soman family,
the most celebruted member of which was Sp.
Tarpejus, commander of the citadel at Rome,
whose daughter Tarpeja was said to hare admitted
the Sabines into the citadel, and to have been
crushed beneath their shields in reward. Adj.,
,» Tarpeian ; lex, Cic. ; mons Tarpejus or aaxnm
/ Tarpejnm, the Tarpeian rock, a peak of the Capi-
toline Hill, from which criminals were thrown;
arx, the Capitol, Verg.
Tarquinii -orum, m. an old town in Elruria,
whence came the Tarquin family. Hence, A.
Tarquinius -a -um, a, of Tarmilnii, name of
two kings of Home, Tarquinius Priscus and the
last king of Rome, Tarquinius Bnperbus ; b, be-
longing to the Tarquin family; nomen, Liv.
B. Tarquinlensis -o, of Tarquinii.
Tarracina -ae, f. and Tarracinae -arum,
t. a town in Latium, formerly called Anxur, now
Terracina ; flumen Terracinae = Amaseiius, I.iv.
Hence, adj., Tarracinensis -e, of Tarracina.
Tarraco -onis, f. a town in Spain, now Tar-
ragona. Heme, Tarraconensis -e, of Tar-
raco; Hispania Tarraconensis, name of the
north-east division of Spain.
Tarsus -i, f. (Tapvos), the chief town of
Cilicia, now Tarso. Hence, adj., Tarsensis
-e, of or belonging to Tarsus.
Tartarus (-os) -i, m., plur., Tartara
• orum, n. (TapTapos, plnr., Toprapa), the infernal
regions. Hence, adj., Tartareus -a -nm, Tar-
tarean ; custos, Cerberus, Verg. ; sororcs, the
Furies, Verg.
Tartessus (-os) -i, f. (Taprno-ao^), a town
in Hispania Baetica, on the Baetis. Hence,
Tartessfus -a -um, Tartessian; litora, on the
Atlantic, Ov. . :
tarum -i, n. aloe-wood, Plin.
Tarusates -ium, m. a people in Aquitania,
tasconfum -li, n. a white, clayey earth, Plin.
tat! iiiterj. an exclamation of astonishment,
what! Plant.
tata -ae, m. father, in the lisping speech of
children, Varr.
tatae = tat (q.v.).
Tatius -ii, in., Titus Tatius, king of the
Sabines, co-rcgent with Romulus. Adj., Tatius
-a -nm; of Tat ivs.
Taulantii -orum, m. a people oflllyria.
taura -ae, f. (ravpa), a barren cow, Varr.
taureus -a -um (taurus), of or relating to an
ox; terga, ox-hides, Verg.; melon., a drum, Ov.;
subst., taurea -ae, f.a whip of bull's hide, Juv.
Tauri -drum, m. a people oj Scythian descent,
near the Crimea. Adj., TauriCUS -a -um,
Tauric
tauriformls -e (taurus and forma), shaped
like a bull (pi the river Autidus), because river-
gods were represented with the heads of oxen,
Hor.
Tauril ludi -drum, m. games celebrated in the
Circus Flaminius at Rome, in honour of the in?
fernal deities, Liv.
Taurini -drum, m. a people of Ligurian
1 ice in Gallia Gisalpina, with capital Augusta
Tanrinornm, whence Turin. Hence, adj.,
Taurinus -a -um, o/or relating to the Taurini.
1. taurinus -a -um (taurus), o/or relating to
a bull; tergum, Verg.; frons, Ov.
2. Taurinus -a -um, v. Taurini.
Taurois -Sentis, f. a fort in Gallia A'nr-
bonensis, belonging to Massilia.
Tauromenfum (Taurommium) -Ii, ii.
a town on the cast coast, of Sicily, now Taormina.
Hence, Tauromemtanus -a -um, of or be-
longing to Tanromenium.
Tauropolos, f. (TavpoTroAo?), surname of
Artemis (Diana).
1. taurus -i, m. (Ttivpos), a bull. I. Lit.,
Cic II. Transf., 1, the sign of the zodiac so
called, Verg. ; 2, the bull of Phalaris, Cic ; 3, a
bird, perhaps a bittern, Plin.; 4, a kind eg' beetle,
Plin. ; 5, the root of a tree, Quint.
". Taurus -i, m. (Tavpo<r), a high mowUaift-
range in Asia, now Ala-Dagh or Al-Kuruh.
Tanri Pylae, a narrow pass between CappadoCia
and Cilicia, Cic.
tax = tuxtax (q.v.).
taxa -ae, f. o species of laurel, Plin.
taxatio -onis, f. (taxo), a rating, valuing,
appraising ; eius rei taxationem facere, Cic.
tax
567
Tel
taxicus -a -urn (taxus), of or relating to the
yew-tree, Plin.
taxillus -i, m. (root TAG, whence talus), a
small die, Cic
taxo, 1. (tago, tango), to touch, to handle.
Fig., A. to reproach, tax with a fault; aliquem,
Suet. B. to estimate, rate, appraise the value of
anything, Suet.
taxus -i, f. a yew-tree, Caes.
Taygete (Taugete) -es, f. (Tavyirn),
daughter of Atlas, one of the Pleiads.
Taygetus -i, m. (Tauyerov), and Taygeta
-ovum, n. a mountain between Laconia and Mes-
senia.
1. te, v. tu.
2. -te, pronominal suffix added to tu (v. tu).
Teanum -i, n. (Tdavov). I. Teanum Sidi-
cinum, a town in Campania, now Teano. II.
Teanum Apulum or Apulorum, town in Apulia,
now Ponte Rotto. Hence, Teanenses -lum, m.
the inhabitants of Teanum.
Teates -um, m. a people in Apulia.
teba -ae, f. a hill, Varr.
techna -ae, f. (rexvn), <* cunning trick, arti-
fice, Plaut.
technicus -i, m. (rexnicos), a teacher of any
art, Quint.
Tecmessa -ae, f. (T«jnj o-o-o.), daughter of
Teuthras, mistress of the Telamonian Ajax.
Tecmon -onis, m. a town in Cyprus.
Tecta via, a street in Rome, leading to the
porta Capena.
tccte, adv. with compar. (tectus), 1, cau-
tiously, securely, Cic. ; 2, covertly, secretly, Cic.
tector -oris, in. (tego), one who covers walls
with plaster, stxLcco, etc., a plasterer, Varr.
tectoriolum -i, n. (dim. of tectorium),
plaster or stucco work, Cic.
tectorius -a -um (tector), used for covering.
I. Gen., paniculus, straw for thatching, Plaut.
IL Esp., relating to the plastering, stuccoing of
walls; hence, opus tectorium, and sulist.,
tectorium -H, n. plaster, stucco, fresco-paint-
ing ; concinnum, Cic; transf., of paste put on
the face to preserve the complexion, Juv.
Tectosages -um, m. and Tectosagi
■5mm, m. a people in Gallia Narbonensis, a
branch of whom settled in Galatia, in Asia Minor.
tectum -i, n. (tego), a roof. I. Lit., sub
tectum congerere, Cic. II. Meton., a roof,
shelter, quarters, abode, dwelling; ager sine
tecto, Cic. ; aliquem tecto ac domo invitare,
Cic. ; inter annos XIV tectum non subire, had
not come under a roof, Gaes. ; Triviae tecta,
temple, Verg.; Sibyllae, grotto, Verg. ; doli tecti,
of the labyrinth, Verg.
tectus -a -nm, p. adj. (from tego), covered.
X. Lit, naves, Li v. ; scaphae, Caes. II. Fig.,
A. concealed or concealing oneself, close, reserved,
cautious; quis tectior, Cic. B. concealed; a,
secret ; cupiditas, Cic. ; b, of ijpeech, disguised,
obscure ; verba, Cic.
Tegoa -ac, f. (Teye'a), a city of Arcadia. Hence,
A. Tegeaeus (Tegeeus) -a -um, Tegean, and
poet. = Arcadian ; virgo, Callisto, daughter of the
Arcadian king Lycaon, Ov. ; aper, the wild boar
of Erymanthus, Ov. ; parens, Carmenta, mother
ofEvcuuler, who is also called Tegeaea sacerdos,
Ov. ; domus, of Evander, Ov. ; subst., Tege-
aea -ae, f. Atalanta, Ov. B. Tegeates -ae,
in. an inhabitant of Tegea.
teges -etis, f. (tego), a mat, rug, covering,
Varr.
tcgeticula -ae, f. (dim. of teges), a lit tit
mat or rug, Mart.
tegillum i, n. (dim. of tegulum), a small
Iwod or cowl, Plln.
tegimen (tegumen) and tegmen -luis,
n. (tego), a cover, covering; mihi amictui est
Scytliicum tegumen, Cic; transf., a .shield ;
quod tegumen modo omnis exercitus fuerat,
Liv.
tegimentum (tegumentum) and teg-
mentum -i, n. (tego), a covering;, tegimenta
corporum vel texta vel suta, Cic.
tegmen = teginieu (q.v.).
tego, texi, tectum, 3. (crr-eyco), to cover. I,
Gen., arnica corpus eius texit suo pallio, Cic;
casas stramentis, Caes. II. Esp., 1, to bury,
cover with earth; ossatege bat humus, Ov. ; 2, to
cover, conceal, hide; a, lit., ferae latibulis se
tegunt, Cic. ; b, transf., to conceal, keep secret;
ut sententiam tegeremus, Cic. ; 3, to cover so at
to protect, to shield; a, lit, aliquem, Caes.;
patriam, Cic; b, fig., to protect; legates ab ira,
Liv.
tegula -ae, f. (tego), a roofing-tile, Cic;
plur., tcgulae, frequently i id for roof; per
tegulas demitti, Cic
tegulum -i, n. (tego), o covering, roof, Plin.
tegumentum = tegimentum (q.v.).
tegumen = tegimen (q.v.).
tela -ae, f. (for texla, from texo). I. o
web, that which is woven; Penelope telam ra-
texens, Cic. ; a spider's web, Cat. ; fig., a device;
ea tela texitur, Cic. II. Meton., 1, the warp,
Verg. ; 2, the loom, Ov.
Telamo (-on) -onis, m. (Tekaiitbu), one of
the Argonauts, father of Ajax and Teucer. Hence,
A. Telamonms -a -um,_Telamonian ; subst.,
= Ajax, Ov. B. Telamoniadcs -ae, in. the
son of Telainon, i.e., Ajax, Ov.
Telchincs -um, m. (TeAx'»"f). a priestly
family of Rhodes, famous for metal work, and
notorious for their sorceries.
Teleboae -arum, m. (T>jAe0d<u), o people in
Acamania, notorious for brigandage, a colony of
whom settled in the island of Capreae,
Telegonos -i, m. (TVeyoi/oj), son of Ulysses
and Circe, builder of Tusculum ; Telegoni moenia,
Tttsculum, Ov.'; appell., Telegoni -orum, m.
of the love poems of Ovid (which were destructive
to him their author, just as Telegonus killed his
father Ulysses).
Telemachus -i, m. (TijXeVoxoO. »o» »J
Ulysses and Penelope.
Telephus -i, m. (TSjXe^os), son of Hercides,
king in Mysia, wounded by the spear of Achilles,
but healed by its rust.
Telethusa -ae, f. mother of Iphis.
telinum -i, n. (njXiiw), a costly salve modi
of the herb fenugreek, Plin.
tells -is, f. (ttjXis), the herb fenugreek, Plin.
Tellena -orum, n. a town in Latium.
tellus -Oris, f. I. the earth; 1, lit., Cic;
esp., the earth, soil, as bearing fruits, hutnida,
Ov. ; 2, transf., poet., a, land, district, country;
Gnossia, Verg. ; b, land, possessions ; propria,
Hor. ; c. land = people ; Pontica tellus, Ov. II,
Personir., Tellus, the Earth, as the all-nourishing
goddess, Cic
Telmessus (-OS) -i, f. (TeA^o-ads), an old
town in Lycia on the borders of Caria. Hence,
A. Telmesses -lum, m. the inhabitants of
Telmessus. B. Telmessious -a -um, of or
relating to Telmessus. C. Telmessius -a -um,
I'elmessian.
tel
568
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telum -i, n. a missile, dart, javelin, spear.
1. 1, lit, a, arma atque tela rnilitaria, Sail. ;
tela intendere, excipere, Cic. ; b, a siuord,
dagger, etc., weapon; stare cum telo, Cic. ; used
of the cestus, Verg. ; of the horns of a bull,
Ov. ; 2, transf., the beitms of the sun; tela die i,
Luer. ; lightning; arbitrium est in sua tela Jovi,
Ov. II. Fig., iveapon, arrow, dart, arms; tela
fortunne, Cic. ; isto telo tutabimur plebem, Liv.
Temenos (reVei'Q?, to), a place at Syracuse,
where was a gmve sacred to Apollo. Hence,
Temenites -ae, m. (Tenerinr?), of Temenos;
Apollo, a statue of Apollo, Cic.
temerarius -a -urn (temere). I. by chance,
fortuitous, casual, Plant. II. inconsiderate,
tlwughtliit, indiscreet, rash, impnulent ; homo,
Cues.; consilium, Liv.; bella,Ov.; cupiditas, Cic
temere, adv. by chance, accidentally, casually,
fortuitously, rashly, heedlessly, without purpose.
I. Gen., equo temere acto, Liv. ; doinus quae
temere et nullo consilio administrator, Cic;
nihil temere, nihil imprudenter factum, Caes.
II. Esp., A. non temere est, itis not for nothing
that, it is not without importance or meaning,
Verg. B. non temere, not easily; qui hoc non
ttinere nisi libertis suis deferebant, Cic.
temeritas -atis, f. (temere). I. chance,
accident ; temeritas et casus, non ratio nee con-
silium valet, Cic. II. rashness, inconsulerate-
ness, temerity in action ; an inconsiderate, un-
founded opinion, in judgment ; temeritas cupid-
itasquemilituin, Caes.; numquam temeritas cum
sapientia commiscetur, Cic.
tcmero, 1. (temere), to defile, dishoiwur, pol-
lute ; templa, Verg. : thalamos, Ov.
Temesa -ae, f., Temese -es, f., and
Tempsa (Temsa) -ae, f. (Je^on, Te>^o), an
old town in Bruttium, famous for its copper
mines. Hence, A. Temesaeus -a -urn, Te-
mesean. B. Tem^seius -a -urn, Temesean.
C. Tempsanus -a -uin, Tempsan.
temetum -i, n. (root temum, whence temu-
lentus), any intoxicating drink, wine, Cic. -
terano, tempsi, 3. to despise, contemn ; vul-
• gaiia, Hor.
Temnos -i, f. (T^ios), " town in Aeolia,
now Menimen. Hence, A. Temnites -ae, m.
of Temnos. B. Temnil -Oram, m. the in-
habitants of Temnos.
temo -onis, m. (tendo), a pole; 1, lit, a,
of a waggon, Verg. ; b, of a plough, a plough-
beam, Verg.; 2, meton., a, a waggon; b, the
constellation of Charles's Wain, Cic. poet.
Tempi, neut. plur. (TeVm), rd). I. a valley
in Thesscdy, famous for its beauty, through which
the river Peneus flowed. II. Transf., any beau-
tiful valley, Ov., Verg.
temperamentum -i, n. (tempero). I. a
right proportion of things mixed together ; eadem
est materia, sed distatteinperamento, Plin. II.
o middle U'ay, mean, moderation ; inventum est
temperamentum, qnotenuiores cum principibus
aequari se putarent, Cic.
temperans -antis, p. adj. (from tempero),
moderate, temperate, continent, self-denying ;
homo, Cic. ; homo temperantissimus, Cic. ; with
ab and the abl., temperantior a cupidine im-
perii, Liv.
tempe ranter, adv. with compar. (tem-
perans), temperately, moderately; temperantius
agere, Cic.
temperantia -ae, f. (temperans), temper-
ance, moderation, sobriety, continence; temper-
antia in praetermittendis voluptatibus cernitur,
Cic.
temperate, adv. (temperatus), moderately,
temperately; agere, Cic; temperitius scribere
Cic.
tomperatio -Onis, f. (tempero). I. fern-
perateness, moderation, just proportion, proper
mixture of ingredients, constitution, organisation ;
caeli, Cic; caloris, Cic; coiporum, Cic; civi-
tatis, reipublieae, Cic II. Concr., the organ-
ising principle ; sol mens mnndi et temperatio,
Cic.
temperator -oris, m. (tempero), one who
arranges or governs ; varietatis, Cic
temperatura -ae, f. (tempero), proper mix-
ture, temperature, organisation, Plin.
temperatus a -urn, p. adj. (from tempero).
I. projterly arranged ; prela, Cato. - II. ordered,
moderate ; a, esea, Cic ; loea temperatiora, Caes. ;
b, tig., moderate, mild, quiet, temperate; homo
teuiperatissimus, Cic; oratio temperatior, Cic.
temper!, temperius, v. tempus.
temperles -ei, f. (tempero), a proper mixture,
preparation, organisation, tempering ; temperiem
suinpsere humorque calorque, Ov.
tempero, 1. (tempiis, a section), to set
bounds to a thing, keep within limits. I. In-
transit., to observe proper limits, be temperate;
I, gen., in multa, Liv.; with dat., to control,
keep back, use with moderation ; victorine, Sail. ;
linguae, Liv. ; with abl., risu, Liv. ; with ab and
tl ■■ .".hi., to keep from, refrain from ; ab injuria,
Caes. ; sibi non temperare and simply non or
vix temperare, foil, by quominus or quin and
subj., not to refrain from ; neque sibi tempera-
turos existiimibat, quin in proviuciaiii exirent,
Caes.; 2, esp., to spare, with dat.; Iioatibua
superatis, Cic II. Transit., 1, a, to distribute
or mix properly, to temper ; acuta cum grnvibns,
Cic ; b, esp., to mix a drink, prepare ; poculum,
Hor. ; 2, a, to regulate: rempublicam legibus,
Cic; b, to rule; res hominum ac deorum, Hor.;
3, to temper, make mild; calores solis, Cic;
aequor, Verg.
tempestas -atis, f. (tempus). I. a space or
period of time, season; ea teinpestate, at that
time. Sail. ; eadem tempest-ate, Cic. ; militia ante
tempestatibus, Liv. II. weather. A. Gen.,
bona, certa, Cic; clara, Verg. ; turbulenta, Cic;
perfrigida, Cic ; teinpestates, kinds of weather,
Cic B. bad weather, storm, tempest; 1, lit.,
immoderatae teinpestates, Cic; 2, fig., storm,
tempest, attack, fury ; invidiae, Cic; querelarum,
Cic; telorum. Verg.; of persons, Sicilloruin
tempestas (of VerreB),' Cic. ; turbo ac tempestas
pacis (of Clodius), Cic
tempestive, adv. with compar. (tempest-
ivus), ot the right time, seasonably; tempestive
caeili (of trees), Cic ; tempestivius in doinum
P r romissabcre, Hor.
tempestlVltas atis, f. (tempestivus), the fit
time, proper season; sua cuique parti itctatis
tempestivitas est data, Cic.
tempestlvo = tempestive (q.v.).
tempestivus a -tun (tempus). I. happen-
ing at the right time, opportune, seasonable, fit,
appropriate. A. nondum tempestivo ad navig-
andum mari, Cic ; ovatio, Liv. ; multa mild ad
mortem tempestiva fuere, convenient opportuni-
ties for, Cic' B. early; cena, convivium, Cic
II. a, of fruit, in season, ripe; fructus, Cic; b,
of persons, ripe, mature; puella tempestiva viro,
ripe for marriage, Hor.
templum -i, n. (= tempulum, dim. of tem-
pus), lit, a section, a part cut off. I. a space in
Die sky or on the earth marked out by the augur
for the purpose of taking auspices, Liv. II.
Transf., A. a place from which one can survey;
tern
569
ten
a a prospect, range of vision ; deus, cuius hoc
tempmin est onine quod conspicis, Cic ; D, a
height ; templa Pamassia, the Mount Parnassus,
Ov B. a consecrated piece of ground ; a, gen.,
nnu consecrated spot, a sanctuary asylum, Uv ;
of a chapel dedicated to the dead, Verg. ; of the
curia, because consecrated by an augur ; curia,
tetuplum publici consilii, Cic; thctnbunal.Lu:.,
transf., of any dear, open space ; inuiidi, Imcr.;
f)c —the interior; templa mentis, Oic; D,
esp', a place dedicated to a particular deity, a
temple; Jo vis, Cic.
temporalis -e (tenipus), temporary, lasting
for a time ; laudes, Tac.
temporarlus -a -um (tempus). I. tempo-
rary, Pliu. II. seasonable, adapted to time and
circumstances, Nep.
tempori, v. tenipus.
Tempsa, Tempsanus, v. Temesa.
tempus -oris, n. (tc>w», to cut off), a divi-
sion, section ; hence, I. a division of time, section
of time, period of time. A. Lit., extremum
tempus diei, Cic. ; matutina tempora, the morn-
ing hours, Cic. ; hibernum tempus anni, Cic. ;
hoc tempore, Cic. ; omni tempore, Cic; in tem-
pus praesens, for the present, Cic. ; ex tempore,
without preparation, Cic; ad tempus, for a
time, Cic. B. Transf., 1, a distinct point of
time; abiit illud tempus, Cic; ad tuum tempus,
in; to your consulship, Cic; tempus est, with
infill., it is high time to; tempus est dicere, Cic;
with ace. and infill., tempus est jam hinc abne
me, Cic. ; 2, time as a whole; tempus ponere in
re, to spend, Cic ; in omne tempus, for all time,
Cic. ; 3, a proper, fit time, occasion, opportunity ;
tempus amittcre, Cic. ; tempus habere, Cic ; ad
tempus, at the right time, Cic. ; old abl., tempori
or temperi, at the right time, seasonably, Oic. ;
eoinpar., teinperius, Cic. J 4, a, the state, condi-
tion of things; freq. plur., the times; temporibus
serviie, Cic. ; b, the circumstances of a thing or
person; reipublicae, Cic; eap., calamitous cir-
cumstances, misfortune, calamity; scripsi do
temporibus meis, Cic. ; 5, time in pronouncing
a syllable, quantity, Cic. ; 6, time in grammar,
tense of a verb, Varr. II. the temple on the
forehead, Verg.; plur., the temples, Verg.; poet.,
the face, Prop. ; tlie head, Prop.
Tempyra -Brum, n. a town in Thrace, be-
tween ML Rhodope and the coast.
Temsa = Temesa (q.v.).
temiilentia -ae, f. (tcniulentus), drunken-
ness, intoxication, Plin.
temulontns -a -um (temum, whence teme-
tum), drunken, intoxicated, tipsy; of persons,
Cic. ; of things, vox, Cic
tenacitas -atis, f. (tenax). I. a firm hold-
ing, tenacity; unguium tenacitate arnpiunt,
Cic. II. frugality, stinginess, Liv.
tonaciter, adv. (tenax). I. firmly, tena-
ciously ; premere, Ov. II. Transf., constantly,
firmly; uiiseros urgere, Ov.
tenax -iieis (teneo), folding fast, griping,
tenacious. I. Lit., A. Gen., forceps, \ erg. ;
dens (of an anchor), Verg. B. Esp., a, holding
fast to possessions, money, etc., sparing, frugal,
stingy; pater parcus et tenax, Cic; with genit.,
quaesiti tenax, Ov. ; b, folding firmly together,
sticky, gluey; gramen, matted, Hor. ; cerae, \erg.
II Transf., A. Gen., firm, steadfast; longa
tenaxque fides, Ov. B. Esp., of character a,
in a good sense, firm, resolute, steadfast, holding
to ; With genit,, propositi, Hor. ; b, in a bad
sense, obstinate; equus, Liv.; ira, Ov.
Toncteri -orum and -am, m, a Qerman people
on tin ShiMi
tendioula -ae, f. (tendo), a gin, noose, snare;
fig aucupia verboium et litteiarum tendiculae,
Cic!
tendo, tfitendi, tentum and tensum, 3. (root
TEN whence reivut, to stretch), to stretch, stretch
out, 'extend. I. Act, A. 1, lit., plagas, Cic ;
arcum, Verg.; 2, meton., a, to pitch (a ton*).
i.raetoriuni, Caes.; b, to string ; barbiton, Hor.,
c to direct ; iter ad naves, Verg.; sagittas arcu,
to' shoot, Hor. ; d, to reach, present ; parvum
patri Iulum, Verg. B. Fig., 1, gen., al.cul
insidias, to lay snares for, Cic. ; 2, to present,
dive ; speni amicis poiTigere atque tendore, Oic.
II. Reflex, (with or without se) and middle, A.
Lit 1 (without se), to stretch out; milit. t. t.,
to pitch one's tent, encamp, Caes., Verg. ; m
iisdem castris, Liv. ; 2 (without se), to direct
one's course to, tend towards, go towards, march
towards; a, of persons, Veuusiani, Cic ; ad
aedes, Hor. ; unde venis? et quo tendis? Hor.,
b of inanimate things, simulacra vns de rectis
omnia tendunt, Lucr.; 3, of places, reflex, (with
and gen. witliout.se), or middle, to stretch towards,
extend to; via tendit sub nioenia, \ erg. ».
Transf. (reflex without se), 1, a, to have recourse
to • ad alienain openi quisque inops teudere,
Liv • b to be inclined, tend in any direction,
aim 'at, strive after; ad reliqua alacn tende-
bamus animo, Cic; foil, by inlin., to try, at-
tempt; nianibus divcllcre nodos, Verg. ; prae-
vcuire Liv.; 2, to strive, contend against ; a,
with arms, sumina vi, Sail.; b, with words, etc.
to contend for, strive for; quod summayi uttend-
erent, amicis mandaverat, Liv. ; with lit and
the subi., ut delectum haberet, Liv. ; with ace.
of pron., quid tendit? what is he striving fori
Cic. i.
tonebrae -arum, f. darkness. I. Lit., a,
Cic. ; tetria tenebris, Cic; b, esp., the darkness
of the night, night ; quoinodo redissem luce, non
tenebris, Cic; 2, a, darkness = bit iidness; teiie-
bras et cladein lncia adeinptue objicit, uv. , d,
the darkness before the eyes in fainting ; tenebris
nigrescunt omnia circum, Verg. ; C, the darkness
of death, Plaut. ; 3, meton., a dark place; of
the lower world, Stygiae, Verg; abaci., Verg.,
Ov • of a prison, clausi in tenebris, ball. ; ol a
hiding-place, quuin ilia conjuiatio ex latebris
atquc ex tenebris erupisset, Cic II. Transt.,
1 obscurity, inglorious condition ; vestramtamil-
iam obscurain e tenebris in lueein evocavit, Cic;
2 darkness, gloom, obscurity ; latent isU omnia
crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris,. Cic
tenebrfoosus -a -um (tenebricus), dark,
gloomy, shrouded in darkness, obscure ; illud te.ie-
bricosissimum tempus ineuntisactatistuae, Cic
tonobricus -a -um (tenebrae), dark, gloomy,
Cic poet.
tSnebrosus -a -um (teuebrae), dark, gloomy ;
pal us, Verg. .
Tenedus (-5s) -i, f. (TeVsSoO, an island m
the Aegean Sea, near Troy, now Tenedo. Hence,
TSnedlUS -a -um, belonging to Tenedos.
tenelliilus -a -uin (dim. of tenellus), ex-
ceedingly tender, delicate, Cat.
tenellus -a -um (dim. of tenor), very tender,
delicate, Plaut.
teneo, tenui, tentum, 2. (root TEN, whence
tendo, T£(Vu>), to fold. I. Gen., A. 1, lit-,
pyxidem in manu, Cic; pateram dexters
maim, Cic; cibum ore, Cic.; 2, transf., a,
C en res oculis et nianibus tenetur, is visible
and tangible, Cic; rem manu tenere, to have at
one's fingers' ends, to understand thoroughly, Cic,
b to hold in the mind, to understand, grasp,
know; quae et saepe audistis ct tenetis aniniis,
Die, ; quibus rebus capiatur Caesar, tenes 4 Lie.
ten
570
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$
B. Meton., 1, to reach aplcux, arrive at, land on ;
regional)), Liv. ; transf., per cnrsum rectum
regiium, Cic ; 2, to direct; a, oculos sub astra,
Verg.; b, to direct one's course; quo teuetis
iter? Verg. ; intrnnsit., of ships, to sail to; ad
Mendaenm, Liv. II. With the notion of pro-
jerty, to hold in one's possession, have, possess ;
L, lit., a, multahereditatibus, multaemptionibus
tenebantur sine injuria, Cic; b, niilit. t. t., to
occupy, garrison; locum praesidiis, liiuiitem,
portum, Caes. ; 2, transf., of persons as objects,
te.jam tenet altera conjux, Ov. ; to possess as a
ruler, terras, Hor.; iniperitun, Caes.; qui tenent
(sc. rempublicain), the rulers of the state, Cic.
IIL With the notion of firmness, to hold fust ;
1, lit., a, ut quo major se vis aquae incitavisset,
hoc artius illigata tenerentur, Caes.; b, asmilit.
t. t., to defend, keep; suum locum, tumulum,
Caes.; 2, transf., a, to hold fast in tlie mind;
memoriain alicuius, Cic. ; memoria tenere = to
remember, foil, by ace. and intln., Cic. ; b, to
catch, delect ; teneo te, Cic. ; teneri in manifesto
peecato, Cic. ; c, of passions, to possess, master ;
misericordia me tenet, Cic; magna spes me
tenet, with ace. and infin., Cic; d, to charm,
amuse; varias mentes carmine, Verg.; pueri
ludis tenentur, oculi pictura tenentur, Cic. ; e,
to bind; le^es eum tenent, Cic; lege, foedere,
promisso teneri, Cic; f, to holdfast, preserve;
auctoritatem, imperinm in suos, Cic. ; causani
apud centnin viros, to gain, Cic; g, to maintain
u proposition ; illud arte tenent accurateque de-
feiulunt, voluptatem esse siimmum bonum, Cic.
IV. With the notion of endurance or quiet, to
preserve, keep. A. Gen., a, lit., terra tenetur
nutu suo, Cic; b, tiansf, aliquem in officio,
Cic. B. E.-,p., 1, transit, to keep to, not to
swerve from ; a, lit., cm-sum, Caes., Cic; absul.,
medio tutissimus ibis, inter utnunque telle,
hold your course, Ov. ; b, transf., to observe, re-
main true to; ordinem, (idem, Cic; 2, in-
transit, to last, endure, keep on; iniber per
totam noctein tenuit, Liv. ; fama tenet, the
report holds, with ace. and infin., Liv. V. With
the notion of motion checked, to hold fist. A.
to krcji in, hold Ixtck; 1 ? lit., inanus al) aliquo,
Ov. ; aliquem or se donu, to keep at home, Liv. ;
se castris, Caes. ; se Oppido, Cic. ; 2, transf., to
restrain, suppress, check, hold back; risum, dol-
orein, iracondiam, Cic. ; lacrimas, Cic ; se ab
accusando, to refrain from, Cie. ; se non tenere,
or se tenere non posse quin, etc., teneri non
j -se quin, etc., not to be aide to refrain from,
■ .e. B. to detain; 1, lit., septimum jam diem
Corcyrae teneri, Cic; 2, transf., non teneo te
pjuribus, Cic. VI. With the notion of contain-
ing, to contain, comprise; in pass., teneri aliqua
re, to be contained in, to belong to; si Asia hue
imperio non tcneretur, Cic.
tener -Sra -cram, tender, delicate, soft. I.
Lit., 1, gen., eaules, Hor. ; uva, Verg. ; 2, esp.,
tender, youthful, young ; saltator, Cic; a teneris,
ut Graeci dicunt, unguieulis, from childhood,
Cic ; subst., in teneris, in childhood, Verg. II.
Transf., tender, soft, effeminate; tenerum quid-
dam atque molle in animis, Cic; tenerior
animus, Cic.
tenerasco, 3. (tener), to grow tender, delicate,
soft, Plin.
* tenere, adv. with coinpar. and saperl. (tener),
tenderly, delicately, softly, Plin.
ten&ritas -atis, f. (tener), tenderness, soft-
ness; in primo oitu inest teneritas et mollitics,
Cic,
teneritudo = teneritas (q.v.).
tenesmos -i, in. (mvea-po^), a straining at
stool, Nep.
tenor -oris, m. (teneo), course, continwd
course. I. Lit., hasta servat tenorem, Verg.
II. Transf., uninterrupted course, duration,
tenor, career ; tenorem pugnae servabant, Liv.;
fati, Ov. ; vitae, Liv.; adv., uno tenore, In an
uninterrupted course, uniformly, Cic.
Tenus (-os) -i, f. (T^os), one_ of the Cyclades
Islands, now Tino. Hence, Tenii -Drum, in.
the inhabitants of Tenos.
tensa -ae, f. a car on which the images of ths
guds were carried at the Circcnsian games, Cic
tonsio -onis, f. (tendo), a stretching, tension,
Plin.
tensus -a -um, partic. of tendo (q.v.).
tentabundus (temptabundus) -a -um
(tento), trying, attempting, Liv.
tentamen (temptamen) -Inis, n. (tento),
a trial, attempt, Ov.
tentamentum (temptamentum) -i, n.
(tento), a tried, attempt, test, essay, Verg., Ov.
tentatio (temptatio) -5nis, f. (tento). I.
an attack; novae tentationes, new attacks oj
disease, Cic. II. a trial, test, Liv.
tentator (temptator) -oris, m. (tento), a
tempter, Hor.
tentigo -inis, f. (tendo), lecherousness, Hor.
tento (tempto), 1. (inlens. of tendo), to
touch, feel, handle. I. Gen., 1, lit., pectora
manibus, Ov. ; (lumen pede, Cie.; venas, to feel
the pulse, Quint. ; 2, transf., a, to try, prove,
test; alicuius patientiam, Cic; se, Cie.; b, (0
try, attempt ; oppugnationem eins castelli, Liv. ;
belli fortunani, Cic. ; Thetim ratibus, Verg.; with
rcl. sent., tcntavi, quid in eo genere possem,Cic. ;
with ut and tlie subj., quum ille ilomuli senatus
tentaret, ut ipse gereret rempublicain, Cie. ,
with iulin., irasci, Verg. II. to attack, assail;
1, lit., Achuiain, Caes.; castra, Liv.; of diseases,
morbo tentari, Cic ; 2, transf., to work upon,
tamper with a person, tempt, excite, disturb;
animos spe et metu, Cic. ; judicium pecunia, to
try to bribe, Cic
tentdriolum -i, n. (dim. of tentorium), a
little tent, A net. b. Afr.
tentorium -ii, n. (tendo), a tent, Liv.
tentus -a -um, partic. of tendo and teneo.
Tentyra -orum, n. (TeVmpa), a town in
Upp'r Egypt, now Denderah.
tcniiiculus -a -um (dim. of tenuis), very
poor, mean, miserable; apparatus, Cic.
tenuis -e (root TEN). I. thin, fine, slight,
slender. A. Lit., 1, gen., collum, Cic; acus,
Ov. ; 2, esp., a, small, narrow; litus, Liv.; b,
shallow; unda, Ov. ; sulcus, Verg.; c, bright,
clear; aqua, Ov. B. Fig., a, thin, plain,
simple; argumentandi peuus, Cic; b, fine,
subtle; distinctio, Cic. II. Transf., weak, poor,
miserable, unimportant, little, slight. A. Lit.,
oppidum, Cic; opes, Cie.; praeda, Ones.; transf.,
of persons, poor, needy, Cie. B. Fig., a, poor,
weak, feeble; valetudo tenuissima, Caes.; causa
tenuis et inops, Cic. ; spes, Cic; b, of birth or
position, low, mean; qui tenuiorls ordinis essent,
Cie. ; transf., of persons, tenues homines, Cic.
Subst., 'teuuiores, persons of lower rank, Cic.
tcnuitas -atis, f. (tenuis). I. thinness, fine-
ness. A. Lit., 1, gen., animi, Cie. ; 2, esp.,
leanness; tenuitas ipsa delectat, Cic B. Fig.,
simplicity, plainwss; renun et verboruin, do-
ll. Transf., miserable condition, poverty ; aerarii,
Cic. ; hominis, Cic.
teniilter, adv. (tenuis). I. thinly. A. Lit.,
alutue tenuiter confectne, Caes. B. Fig., plainly,
simply; disserere, Cie. II. Transf., sparingly.
A. Lit, Ter. B. Tig., lightly; teiiu.is.siin.fl,
acstimare, Cic.
ten
571
ter
tcnuo, 1. (tenuis). I. to make thin, fine,
slender, meagre, to attenuate; 1, lit., assiduo
vomur tenuatur ab usu, Ov.; 2, esp., a, to make
thin; anneuta inacie, Vers.: b ? to contract;
vpcis via est tenuala, Ov. II. Fig., to iveaken,
lessen, diminish, enfeeble; iram, Ov. ; vires, Ov.
1. tonus -oris, n. (root TEN, whence tendo),
a noose, gin, springe, Plaut.
2. tonus, prep, with abl. and genit. (con-
nected with teneo, tendo, reivut), up to, as far as.
I. Of place, a, with genit., crurum temis, Verg.;
Coreyrae tenus, Liv. ; b, with abl., Tamo tenus
regnave, Cie. ; cadi faece tenus poti, Hor. II.
Transf., est quadara prodire tenus, si non datur
ultra, ii/) to a certain point, Hor. ; vulneribus
tenus, Liv.; vorbo tenus, in name, nominally, Cic.
Teds -i, f. (Te'ius), a town on the coast uf Ionia,
birthplace of Anacreon: hence, TejuS -a -uni,
and Teius -a -um, Teian, poet. = Anacreontic,
tepefacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., tepefio
-faetus sum -fieri (tepeo and iacio), to malx
warm, to warm, heat; sol tepefaciat solum, Cie.
tepeo, 2. to be lukewarm, tepid. I. Lit.,
hieins tepet, Hor. ; par tic, tepens, warm; aurae,
Verg. II. Fig. 1, to be warm with love ; aliquo,
for some one, Hor. ; 2, to be only lukewann in
love ; sou tepet, sive amat, Ov.
tepesco, teniii, 3. (tepeo). A. to grow warm;
niaria agitata ventis ita tepesouut, ut, etc., Cic.
B. to lose warmth, grow cool, Mart.
tephrias -ae, m. (recppius), a species of ash-
coloured stone, Plin.
tepide, adv. (tepidus), lukewarmly, Plin.
tepido, 1. (tepidus), to make lukewarm, Plin.
tepidus -a -um (tepeo). I. lukewarm, tepid;
bruma, Hor. II. lukewarm, cooling ; 1, lit., focus,
Ov. ; 2, fig., wanting in ardour ; ignes, mens, Ov.
tepor -oris, m. (tepeo). I. lukewarmness, a
moderate heat ; solis, Liv. ; maris, Cic. II. Fig.,
of discourse, want of fire, Tae.
teporatus -a -urn (tepor), made lukewarm,
Plin.
Topula aqua, a stream of water which was
brought to the Capitol at Rome, Plin.
ter, adv. num. (tics), three times, thrice. I.
Lit., ter in anno, Cic. II. Meton., a, often,
repeatedly; Aencani magna ter voce vocavit,
Verg. ; b, = very; ter felix, Ov.
terdecies(terdeclens),adv. thivteemimes,
Cic.
terebinthinus -a -um (T E p<:0iV0ii<os), of tlie
terebinth-tree, Plin.
terebinthus -i, f. (Tepe^Oos), the terebinth-
tree, Verg.
tcrebra -ae, f. (tero), a gimlet, borer, Cato.
terebro, 1. (terebra), to bore through, pierce,
perforate ; latebras uttiri, Verg.
teredo -inis, f. (repr/Suv), a worm that gnaws
wood, Ov.
Terentius -a-um, the name of a Roman gens,
of which the most celebrated were : 1, C. Terentius
Varro, consul 210 B.C., defeated by Hannibal at
Cannae; 2, M. Terentius Varro, bom 11(3 B.C.,
o celebrated grammarian, contemporary of Cicero ;
3, P. Terentius Afer, freedman of P. Terentius
l.ucanus, the celebrated Roman comic dramaiist,
contemporary of Laelius and ScipioAfricanus; 4,
Terentia, tlie wife of Cicero. Ad.j., Terentius
-a-um, Terentian; lex, law proposed by the con-
suls Cassius and M. Terentius. Hence, Teren-
tianus -a -um, Terentian ; exercitus, of C.
TereiUius Varro, Liv. ; Chrenies, appearing in
the comedies of Tzrencc, Cic.
Terentum (Tarentum) -i, n., Terent-
os (-us), and Tarentos (-us) -i, in. a place
in tlie Campus Martins, where the ludi saeeulares
were held. Hence, Terentinus -a -uni, Teren-
tine.
teres -rgtis, abl. -rCti (root TER, Gr. TEP,
Tei'pcu), rounded, polished, well-turned. I. stipes,
Caes. ; gemma, Verg.; hence, tig., sapiens iu
so ipso totus teres atque rotundus, Hor. II.
firmly-woven; plagae, Hor. III. Of the parts
of the body, well-turned, slender, graceful; 1,
lit., cervix, Lucr. ; sura, Hor. ; 2, fig., polished,
refined elegant; aures, oratio, Cic.
Tereus -6i and -60s, m. (Ttjpev?), king in
Thrace, husband of Procne, sister of Philomela,
father of Itys, who outraged Philomela, and for
punishment was changed into a hoopoe. Hence,
Tereides -ae, m. (Tijpeiorjs), the son of Tereus,
i.e., Itys.
tergeminus = trigeminus (q.v.).
tergeo and tergo, tersi, tersuni -ere and
-fere (root TER, whence tero), to wipe, wipe off,
dry, clean, Cic. ; luiniua lacrimantia tersit, Ov.;
specula, to polish, Verg.; arma, Liv.
Tergeste -is, n. a town in Istria, now Trieste.
Hence, Tergestlnus -a -um, Tergestine.
terglnum -i, 11. (tergum), a whip of leatlier,
thong fur scourging, Plaut.
. tergiversatio -ouis, f. (tergiversor), back-
wardness, reluctance, delay ; niura et tergiversatio,
Cic.
tergiversor, 1. dep. (tergum and verto), to
turn the back, hence, to be reluctant, shuffle, find
excuses, to delay; quid taces ? quid dissimulcs?
quid tergiversaris? Cic.
tergoro, 1. (tcrgus), to cover, Plin.
tergo = tergeo (q.v.).
tergum -i, n. the back. I. Lit., Cic. ; terga
dare, Liv., vertere, Caes., to turn one's back, flee;
a tergo, frombehind, Cic. ; praebere terga Phoebo,
to sunoneself, Ov. ; pluv., terga, meton. =jl'ightr
terga Parthornm dicaui, Ov. II. Transf., 1, the
hindmost part of a thing ; eastris ab Utrgo vallum
objectum, from behind, Liv. ; 2, the surface of
anything ; e.g., of~a field, the earth ploughed up
between the furrows, Verg. ; of a river, Ov. ; 3,
a covering ; clipei, Verg. ; 4, a body ; centum
terga suum, ahundred swine, Verg. ; 5, the hide,
skin ; a, lit., taurinum, Verg. ; b, meton., things
made out of hide ; Sulmonis, shield, Verg. ; duro
intendere brachia tergo, the cestus, Verg.
tergus -oris, n. the back. I. Lit., Prop.
II. Tiansf., 1, the body of an animal, Ov. ; 2,
skin, hide, leather, Verg.
Terlna -ae, f. a town inBruttii, near modern
Eufemia. Hence, Termaeus -a -um, of or be-
longing to Terina.
termes -itis, m. a branch cut off a tree; olivae,
Hor.
Termessus -i, f. (Tcp/it/a-^), a town in
Pisidia. Hence, Termesseusea -lum, in. the
inhabitants of Termessus.
Terminalia -lum and -lorum (Terminus), 11.
the Festival of Terminus, on tlie '2'Srd of February.
terminatio -onis, f. (teraiino), a limiting,
bounding. I. Lit., Liv. II. Transf., 1, aficing,
ordaining, determining; versus inventus, est
terminatione aurium, Cic. ; 2, rhet. t.t., the ewl,
termination of a period ; ordo verborum alias
alia terminatione eoncluditur, Cic. •
termino, 1. (terminus), to bound, limit, set
bounds to. I. Lit, llnem loci quern oleae ter-
minabant, Cic. II. Transf., 1, to limit ; a, to
restrain, restrict; sonos vocis paucis litterarum
notis, Cic; b, to define, determine; bona volup.
ter
672
ter
tate, inula dolorc, Cic. ; 2, to close, end, terminate ;
orationem, Cic.
terminus -i, m. (root TER, whence termen,
tcrmo, Or. TEP, whence Wpfio), a boundary-
mark, limit, boundary. I. Lit., a, nulli pos-
sessionuirf termini, Cic; b, personif., Ter-
minus, the god of boundaries, Ov. II. Transf.,
1," limit, bound, object. ; certns milii lines termin-
onque constituam, extra quosegredi non posshn,
Cic; 2, end, conclusion ; contentionum, Cic.
temi -ae -a (tor). I. three each, Cic; sing.,
teruo online, Verg. II. three together, Verg.
tore, trivi, trltum, 3. (root TEIt, whence
Teipw), to rub. I. Gen., A. Lit., 1, dentes in
stipito, Ov. ; calcein = to overtake in running,
Verg. ; calamo lahellum = to play the flute, Verg. ;
2, esp., a, 'o rub for the sakeof cleaning or orna-
menting, to smoothe, adorn; crura pumice, Ov.;
b, to turn (at a lathe) ; radios rot.is, Verg.; c, to
thresh out com ; milia frumenti,Hor.: d, of places,
to visit, frequent; iter, Verg. B. Transf., 1, to
read often, haw often in the hands, use often;
quod legeret tereretqne viritim publieus usus,
Hor. ; 2, lig., to use often in discourse ; verbuin,
Cic. II. A. to rub, bruise, grind; bacain,
Verg. B. to rub off, wear away ; 1, lit., silices,
Ov. ; 2, fig., a, to tire oneself; se in opere
longinquo, Liv. ; b, to pctss away time; interea
teiupus,Cic (syncop. perf., tristi, Cat.).
TerpslchSre -es, f. (Tepi^X"*";), the muse
of dancing ; hence = muse, poetry, Juv.
terra -ae, f. (root TER, whence torreo),
lit., that which is dry ; hence, the earth (as
opp. to heavens, sea, air), land, ground, soil.
I. a, the earth; terrae motus, earthquake, Cic;
terra, by land, Cic ; terra mariquc, by land
and sen, Cic ; in tenia, on the earth, Hor. ; sub
terras ire, to visit the lower world, Verg. ; b, the
earth = the ground, tlie soil; gleba terrae, Liv. ;
mini terrain injice, Verg. ; terrae Alias, a son of
the earth, an unknown person, Cic; ea quae
gignuntur c terra, Cic. ; c, the earth = the surface
of the earth, grouml ; do terra saxa tollere, Cic;
d, a particular country, land, region; a hire in
alius terms, Cic; plur., terrae, the world; ha3
terras incolentes, Cic.; orbis terrarum, the world,
Cic. ; genit. plur. often partitive, with adv. of
place, ubi terrarum sum us? where in the world
are wet Cic. II, Persciif., Terra, the earth as a
goddess; gen., Tellus, Cic
Terracina, Terraeinenais = Tarracina, Tar-
raciuensis(q.v.).
terrenus -a -ran (terra). I. earthy, earthen;
tumulus, Cues. ; genus, Cic. Subst, terren-
um -i, n. land, ground; herbidnm, Liv. II.
1, belonging to the earth , terrene, terrestrial ; besti-
ae, land-animals, Cic; humor, moisture of the
oath, Cic; poet., numina, of the lower world,
Or. J 2, earthy (opp. caelestis); cques, mortal,
Hor.
terreo. terriii, terrltum, 2. to frighten, terrify.
I. Gen., aliqnem, Cic. ; with ne and the subj.,
Liv. II. 1, to frighten- away, scare away; pro-
fugain per tutum orbem, Ov. ; 2, to frighten, df-
ter; R repetunda libertatc, Sail.; with ne and the
subj., Liv. ; with quomlnus and the subj., Caes.
terr ester -tria -tre, gen., terrestris -e
(terra), 1, terrestrial (opp. marinus), animantium
genus terrestre, Cic; terr«strcs navalesque pug-
nue, Cic ; 2, found on the earth, earthly (opp.
caelestis), res caelestea atque terrestres, Cic. ;
Capitoliuin terrestre domicilium Jovis, Cic.
terreus -a -um (terra), made of earth, earthly ;
progenies, Verg.
terribills -e (terreo), terrible, frightful, fear-
ful, dreadful ; a, of things, Sonus, Liv.; mors
63t terribiljs jjs, etc, Cic; with ?■ supine, ter>
ribilea visu formae, Verg. ; neut. plur. subst..,
majoraae terribiliorn aflerre, Liv.; b, of persons,
jam ipsi urbi terribilis erat, Liv.; with '2. supine,
qu.'im terribilis aspectu, Cic
terrlcula -ae, f. and terrlciilum -i, n.
(terreo), something thai causes fright; abl. plur.,
tcrriculis, Liv.
terrlflCO, 1. (terriflcus), to frighten, terrify,
Verg.
terriflcus -a -tun (terreo and facio), causing
terror, frightful, terrible, Verg.
torrigona -ae, c (terra and gigno), earth*
born, sprung from the earth, Lucr., Ov.
terripavium, terripudium = tripudium
(q.V.).
territo, 1. (intens. of terreo), to frighten,
scare, terrify; a, of persons, nliquem nietu,
Caes.; b, of things, tribunicium domi bellum
patrea territat, Liv.
terrltorlum -li, n. (terra), the land belong-
ing to a town, district, territory ; coloniae, Cic
terror -oris, m. (terreo), fright, fear, /error,
dread, panic. I. Lit., with subject, genit., exer-
citus, Caes. ; with object, genit. (on account of),
belli, Cic. ; minis et terrore conuuoveri, Cic ; at*
tulitterrorem hoatibus, Caes.: alicui teiTori esse,
Caes.; facerc terrorem et militibus et ipsi Appio,
Liv. ; incutere alicui terrorem, Liv. ; inferre.
terrorem alicui, Cic ; injicere alicui terrorem,
Caes. II, Melon., a, the object which causes
terror ; terra repleta est trepido terrore, Lucr. ;
plur., huius urtiia terroies (Carthage and Nu-
mantia), Cic. ; b, news causing terror ; Roniam
tanti teiTores crant allati, Liv. ; also threatening
or frightening expressions; non mediocres ter-
roies jaceie atque denuntiare, Cic. ; or, events
causing terror; caeicstes maritiuiique terrorcs,
Liv. III. Personif., Terror, Ov.
tersus -a -um, p. adj. (from tergeo), wiped.
I. Lit., clean, neat ; mulier, Plaut. ; plantae,
Ov. II, Fig., free from mistakes, neat ; judicium,
Quint.
tertiadecumani -5rum, m. (tertius dec-
imns), soldiers of the thirteenth legion, Tac.
tertianus -a -um (tertius), belonging to the
third. I. to the third day ; febris, tertian fever,
i.e., recurring every third day, Cic. ; subst., ter-
r.iana -ae, f. a tertian fever, Plin. II. belonging
to the third legion ; subst, tertian! -Crum, in.
soldiers of the third legion, Tac.
tertlarlus -a -um (tertius), containing one-
third; stannum, containing one-third tin with
two-thirds lead, Plin.
tertio, adv. (tertius). I. for the third time ;
tertio pecuniam dedit, Cic. II. thirdly, Caes.
tertium, adv. (tertius), for the third time,
Cic
, tertius -a -um (ter), the third. I. Adj., liars,
Caes. ; tertio quoque verbo, always at the third-
word, Cic. ; tertius e nobis, one of us three, Ov. ;
tertia regna, the lower world, Ov. ; tertia Saturn.
alia, the third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. ; ah
Jove tertius Ajax, of the third generation, great-
grandson, Ov. II. Subst, tertiae -arum, f.
a, one-third, Plin.; b, the third ov inferior part
in a play, Plin.
tertlusdficimus -a -um, the thirteenth, Cic
teruncius -li, m. (ter or trea and uncia),
three twelfth parts. I. the fourth part of an as,
Cic; pro v., ne teruncius quidem, not a farthing,
Cic. II. the fourth part of an inheritance ; liprea
ex teruncio, heir to one-fourth of the property,
Cic
terveneficus -i, m. an arch-poisoner, a,
Rouble-dyed roque ) Plauti
tes
573
tet
tesca (tesQUa) -drum, n. (with or without
loca), wastes, deserts, Hor.
tessella -ae, f. (dim. of tessera), a small cube
of marble or other substance -used for pavements, or
for playing dice, Juv.
tessellatus -a -urn (tessella), set with small
cubes; pavimentum, mosaic, Suet.
tessera -ae, f. (rdo-a-apa), a cube of wood,
stone, or other substance used for various purposes.
I, a piece of mosaic for paving, Plin. II. a die
for playing ; tesseras jaogre, Cic. III. a token ;
1, a square tablet on which the military viatch-
word was written ; hence, nieton. = the watch-
word; omnibus tesserain dare, Liv. ; 2, a tablet
or token which entitled the holder to receive money
or provisions, Juv.; 3, hospitalis, a token of hos-
pitaltty (a small die, which friends broke into
two pails), Plaut.
tesserarius -li, ra. (tessera), the officer who
received from the general the ticket (tessera) on
which the watchword loas written, and communi-
cated it to the army, Tac.
tesserula -ae, f. (dim. of tessera), 1, a little
cube of stone for paving, ap. Cic. ; 2, a little
voting-ticket, Varr. ; 3, a ticket for the distribu-
tion of food, Pers.
testa -ae, f. (perhaps = tosta), burnt clay.
I. Lit., 1, an earthen vessel, pot, pitclier, jug, urn;
vinum Graeca testa conditum, Hor. ; 2, a brick,
a tile, Cic. ; 3, a potsherd, Ov.; esp., the potsherd
used in voting by the Greeks; testarum suffragia,
ostracism, Nep. II. Transf., 1, the shell of
shell-fish, Cic. ; 2. meton., a shell-fish, Hor. ; 3,
poet., transf., shell, covering — ice; lubrica testa,
• testaoou3 -a -urn (testa). I. 1, made of
bricks or tiles, Plin. ; subst., testaceum -i, n.
brick-work, Plin. ; 2, brick-coloured, Plin. II. Of
animals, covered with a shell, testaceous, Plin.
testamentarius -a -um (testamentum), of
or relating to a will, testamentary; subst., testa-
mentarius -li, m. a forger of wills, Cic.
testamentum -i,- n. (testor), a last will,
testament ; id testamento cavere, to provide, Cic;
conscribere testamentum, Cic. ; testamentum
facere, Cic. ; irritum facere testamentum, to
annul, Cic. ; obsignare testamentum, Caes. ; re-
llnquere alicui testamento sestertium milies,
Cic.
testatio -Onis, f. (testor). I. a calling to
witness ; ruptornm foederuin, Liv. II. a bearing
witness, Quint.
testator -Oris, m. (testor), one that makes a
will, a testator, Suet.
testa tus -a -um, p. adj. (from testor), at-
tested, proved, clear ; res, Cic. ; quo notior testa-
tiorque virtus eius esset, Caes.
tosticulus -i, m. (dim. of 2. testis), atesticle,
Pers.
testlf ioatio -Snis, f. (testificor). I. a bear-
ing witness, testifying ; hie testiflcatione uti,
Cic. II. Transf., attestation, evidence, proof;
oftlcioriim, Cic
testificor, 1. dep.. (testis and faclo). I. to
call to witness; deos hominesque, ap. Cic. II.
to bear witness, testify ; 1, lit., testificor me esse
rogatum, Cic. ; 2, transf., to show, publish, bring
to light; partic. pass.,abs te testittcata voluntas,
Cic
testimonium -ii, n. (1. testis), witness, evi-
dence, testimony. L Lit., testimonium in alt-
quem dicere, Cic ; of a written attestation,
testimonium componere, obsignare, Cic. II,
Transf., in general, a proof, evidence, indication ;
dedisti judicii tni testimonium, Cic
1. testis -is, c one who gives evidence,' a
witness. I. Lit., testis falsus, Cic. ; testes dare
in singulas res, Cic. ; testes adhibere, Cic. II.
Transf. = arbiter, an eye-witness, spectator, Ov.
2. testis -is, in. a testicle, Hor.
testor, 1. dep. (1. testis). I. to bear witness,
to give evidence of, to make known, publish, de-
clare, assert, testify; utraeque vim testantur.Cic;
pass., to be attested, declared; testata est voce
pracconis libertaa Argivorum, Liv. II. to call
to witness; 1, gen., oinnes deos, Cic. ; 2, esp.,
to make a wih; de fllii pupilli re, Cic.
testu, indecl. and testum -i, n. (perhaps=
tostu, tostum, as testa = tosta), an earthen pot,
a pot, Ov.
testuatium -li, n. (testu), a cake baked in
an earthen pan, Varr.
testu dine us -a -um (testudo). I. like a
tortoise ; gradns, Plaut. II. adorned with or
made of tortoise-shell ; lyra, Prop.
testudo -Inis, f. (testa), o tortoise. I. Lit.,
Liv. II. Meton., A. the shell of the tortoise, used
for ornamenting furniture ; varii testudine
postes, Verg. B. 1, a curved string-instrumertt,
the lyre, cithara, etc., Hor. ; transf., a way of
dressing the hair of similar form, Ov. ; 2, a room
with a vaulted roof, Cic; 3, milit. t.t., a, a shed
to protect soldiers while attacking fortifications,
Caes. ; b. a formation in which soldiers charged,
holding tneir shields over their heads, Caes.
testiila -ae, f. (dim. of testa), a potslieid, an
Athenian voting-ticket; meton., ostracism; a
Thomistocle collabefactus testulit ilia, Nep.
totanlcus -a -um (reravacos), suffering from
lockjaw, Plin.
tetanus -i, m. (re'ra^os), lockjaw, Plin.
tctartemorion -li,' n. (rtraprniJ.6pi.ov), the
fourth part of the zodiac, Plin.
teter (taeter) -tra -trum, foul, noisome,
hideous, offensive. I. Lit, to the senses, odor,
Cic. ; tenebrae, Cic. ; with 2. supine, illud teter-
rimum non modo aspectu, sea etiam anditu,
Cic II. Transf., hateful, hideous, disgraceful,
shameful, abominable; homo, Cic; quistetrior
hostis huic civitati? Cic; sententia teterrima,
Cic,
tethalassomenos -i, m. (reOaXao'crunivo}
olcot), wine mixed with sea-water, Plin.
Tethys -thyos, ace. -thyn, f. (TtjWO- I. «
marine goddess, wife of Oceanus, mother of the
river-gods and sea-nymphs. II. Poet., appel).
= the sea. Cat.
tetrachmum-i, genit. plur. -Orum and-nni,
n. (rerpax^ov), a Greek coin of four drachmae,
Liv.
tetrachordos -on (TeTpax°P$°*)> having four
notes; subst., tltraohordon -i, n. harmony
of four notes, a tetrachord, Varr.
tetracdlon -i, n. (TerpaKwW), a period
having four clauses, Sen.
tetradrachmum = tetrachmum (q.v.).
tetragnathius -Ii, m. (rtTpdyvaBos), a
poisonous spider, Plin.
tetralix -Icis, f. (i-tTpoAtf), the plant heath,
Plin.
tetrao -5nis, m. (TrrpawiO, a heathcock, Plin.
tetrarches and tetraroha -ae, m. (reTpap-
xrfi), the ruler over one-fourth of a country, a
tetrarch, Cic.
tltrarohia -ae, f. (rtrpapxia), the country
governed by a tetrarch, tetrarchy, Cic.
tetrastlcha -on, n. plur. (Ttrpa.tm.xa), "■
•poem consisting of four lines, Quint. ■ •
tet
57*
The
tetre (taetrl), adv. (teter), foully, hide-
ously, noisomely, offensively ; multa faccre im-
pure atque tetre, Cic. ; religioneiu impurissiine
teterrimcque violasse, Cic
1. tetricus -a -urn, harsh, gloomy, severe,
forbidding; paella, Ov.; deae, the Parcae, Mart.
2. TetriCUS mons, a mountain in the Sabine
country, now Monte S. Giovanni ; poet, subst.,
Tetrica -ae, f. (se. rupes), Verg.
tfittigometra -ae, f. (TeTTiyoft7JTpa), Hie
larva of the cicada, Pliu.
tettigonia -ae, f. (rfmyovia), a species of
small cicada, Plin.
tetull = tuli, v. tulo.
Teucer -cri, m. and Teucrus -i, m.
(Tevicpo?). I. (Teucer and Teucrus) son of Tela-
man, king of Salamis, brother of Ajax, who, after
his return from Troy, sailed away to Cyprus. II.
(Teucrus), son of Scamander, first king of Troy;
hence, . a, Teucrus -a -um, Teucrian, poet. =
Trojan; b, Teucrius -a -um, Teucrian, poet.
=Trojan. Subst., Teucri -5mm, m. the Trojans.
teuchltis -Idis, f. (Teu^iTti), a species of aro-
matic rush, Plin.
tcucrlon -li, n. (revKpiov), the plant called
germander, Plin.
Teucrius, Teucrus, v. Teucer.
Teuthras -thrantis, m. (Tev'flpa?). I. a
river in Campania. IJ, a king in Mysia, father
of The spins. Hence, A. Teuthrania -ao, f. a
district in Mysia. B. Teuthranteus -a -um,
Mysiun. C. Teuthrantms -a -um, of or be-
longing to Teuthras; turba, the fifty sisters and
daughters of Thespius, Ov. Ill, a soldier of
Turn us.
Teuton! -orum, m. and Tentonos -um, in.
a collective name of the German peoples, a branch of
which invaded the Roman Empire with the Cimbri,
and were defeated by C. Matins. Hence, Teu-
tonicus -a -um, Teuton, and poet.= German.
texo, texui.textuin, 3. to weave. I, tegu-
ments corporum vel texta vel suta, Cic. II. to
weave, twine together, intertwine, plait, construct,
build; casas ex arundine, Liv. ; basilicam in
medio foro, Cic. ; fig., epistolas quotidianis
verbis,- to compose, Cic.
textUis -e (texo). I. woven, textile ; strag-
tilum, Cic. Subst., textile -is, n. (so. opus),
a woven fabric, a piece of cloth. II. plaited,
braided. Mart.
textor -oris, m. (texo), a weaver, Hor.
textorius -a -um (textor), of or relating to
weaving, Sen.
toxtrinus -a -um (for textorinus, from
textor), relating to weaving. Subst., textrin-
nm -i, n. weaving, Cic.
textrix -tricis, f. (f. of textor), a female
weaver, Mart.
textum -i, n. (texo). I. that which is woven,
a web; a, lit., Ov. ; b, that which is plaited,
woven, fitted, put together in any way, a fabric ;
pinea (navis), Ov. ; clipei, Verg. II. Fig., of
written composition, texture, style, Quint.
textura -ae, f. (texo). I. a weh, texture,
Plant. II. Transf., a putting together, con-
nexion, Lucr.
textus -us, m. (texo). I. a web, and transf.,
texture, structure, Lucr. II. Fig., of discourse,
mode of putting together, connexion, Quint.
Thais -tdos, f. (©cut), a celebrated hetaira of
Athens, afterwards wife of I'tolemaeus I. of Egypt.
Thala -ae, f. a town in Numidia, now Per-
Ttanah.
thalamegus -i, f. (8aXaHr)y6i), a barge pi
gondola provided, with cabins, Suet.
thalamus -i, in. (SaAa/io?), a room in the
interior of a house. I. a living-room, Ov.; heiice r
a place of abode, dwelling; Etimenidum, Verg. ;
of the cells of bees, Verg. II. a bed-room ; a,
lit., Ov. ; b, a marriage-bed, Verg. ; hence,
meton., marriage; vita expers tlialaini, un-
married, Verg. ; thalamos ne desere pactos, the
2rromised bride, Verg.
thalassicus -a -Um (0aAa<xeriK«), sea-green.
Plant.
thalasslnus -a -um (flaAao-au'o?), sea-green,
Lucr.
Thalassio, Thalassiu?, etc., v. Talassio.
thalassltes -ae, m. (SaAao-o-iTrjs), wine which
has been sunk in the sea to be ripened, Plin.
thalassomeli, n.(0ciAa<r(ron^O> honey mixed
with sea-water, Plin.
Thalia = Thalia (q.v.).
Thales -lis and -letis; in. (@a\rjs), a philo-
sopher of Miletus, one of the Seven Wise Men of
Greec.
Thalia -ae, f. (©aAeia). I. the Muse of comic
poetry. II. one of the sea-nymphs.
thallus -i, m, (tfaAAos), a green branch, Verg.
Thamyras -ae, m, and Thamyris -Idis,
m. (©a^upis), a Thracian poet, who entered into a
contest with the Muses, and being conquered was
deprived of his lyre and eyes.
Thapsus (-OS) -i, f. (©i^us). I. a penin-
sula and town in Sicily. II. « town in Africa
Propria, where Caesar conquered the Pomjieiaus.
Thasus (-os) -i, f. (©ao-o?), an island in the
Aegean Sea. Adj., ThasiUS -a -um, Thasian. .
Thaumas -antis, m. (Qa.'/nn?), father oj
Iris. Hence, A. Thaumanteus -a -um,
of Thaumas; virgo, Iris, Ov. B. Thauman-
tias -Sdis, f. daughter of Thaumas, i.e., Iris.
C. Thauniantis -Idos, f.= Tliaumantias.
theamedes, ace. -en, in. an Ethiopian stone,
perhaps tourmaline, Plin.
theatralis -e (theatrum), of or relating to a
theatre, theatrical; consessus, Cic.
theatrum -i, n. (eearpov). I. a theatre; 1,
lit., a, gen., for dramatic performances, Cic. ; b,
an open place for the exhibition of games, Verg.;
2, meton., a, the people assembled in. the theatre,
the audience ; theatra tota reclainant, Cic. ; b,
transf., spectators, assemblage ; senatus consult-
um frequentissimo theatre (populi) comprob-
atum, Cic. II. Fig., the sphere, theatre for any
action; forum populi Romani quasi theatrum
illius inge'nii, Cic.
Thebae -arnin, f. (®;j/3ai). I. a city of Upper
Egypt. II. a city of Boeotia, founded by Cadmus,
the birthplace of Pindar. III. '1 hebae Phthi-
oticae or Phthiae, a town in Thessalia Phthiotis,
now Armiro. IV. a town in Mysia, residenre
of Action, father-in-law of Hector, destroyed by
Achilles. Henee, A. Thebais -Idis and
-Idos, f. 1, belonging to Thebes in Egypt ; 2,
belonging to Thebes in Boeotia; Thcbaides, Th'eban
women, Ov. ; 3, belonging to Thebes in Mysia.
B. Thebanus -a -um, 1, belonging to Thebes in
Boeotia ; modi, Pindaric, Ov. ; ilea, Jno (Leuko-
thea, Matuta), Ov. ; mater, Agave, Ov. ; soror,
Antigone, Ov. ; seinina, the dragon's teeth sown
by Cadmus, Ov. ; duces, Eteocles and Polynices,
Prop.; dens, Hercules, Prop. ; subst., Thebanus
-i, m. a Theban ; 2, belonging to Thebes in Mysia-;
subst., Thebana, Andromache, Ov.
Thobe -es, f. (0>j/3r))- L= Thebae. II. a
nymph, beloved by the river-god Aso2»ts. III.
wife of the tyrant Alexander of Pherue.
the
575
ThG
ih'r ' -ac, f. (drjiai), a case, slieath, envelope,
bovermg ; vasa sine theca, Cic.
Thelxinoe -Os, f. one of the first four Muses.
tlielyphonon =* acouitum (q.v.).
thelypteris -idis, f. (0ijA.u;rrepis), the female
fern plant, Plin.
thema -litis, n. (0eV a )- I. the theme, topic,
subject of discourse, Sen. II. the position of tlie
heavenly bodies at the moment of a birth, Suet.
Themis -Wis, f. (©4"s), the goddess of jus-
tice, also regarded as the goddess of prophecy.
Thcmista -ae, f. and Themiste -es, f. an
Epicurean philosoplier of Lampsacus.
Tiiemistocles -is and -i, m. (0<rpu<rroicA.TJ;),
the celebrated general of the Athenians in the Per-
sian War. Hence, Theinistocleus -a -urn,
Themistoclean.
Theocritus -i, in. (©eoKpiros), the famous
Greek bucolic poet, born at Syracuse, flourished
2S1-250 B.C.
Theodectes -is and -i, m. (©eofieVnjs), Greek
orator ofCilicia, teacher of Isocrates and Aristotle.
Theodorus -i, rii. (eedSwpos). I. Of By-
zantium, a Greek sojihist. II. Of Cyrene, a Greek
sophist. III. a famous rhetorician of Gadara,
teacher of Tiberius.
Thedgoma -ae, f. (Qeoyovia), the Theogony, or
Generation of the Gods, a poem by Hesind, Cic.
theologUS -i, m. (eeoAi'i-yos), a theologian, one
who treats of the descent and existence of the gods,
Cic.
Theophano -es, f. (Oeo^onj), daitghter of
Bisaltes, mother by Poseidon of the ram which bore
Phrixus to Colchis.
Theophanes -is and -i, m. (©eo^ovijs), a
historian, friend of Pompeius.
Theophrastus -i, m. (©ed^paoros), a cele-
brated Greek philosopher of the town of Cresos in
Lesbos, pupil of Plato and Aristotle.
Theopompus -i, in. (©edn-o/xn-os). I. a cele-
brated Greek historian of Chios, pupil of Isocrates.
II. a dependent of Caesar's. Ill, a dependent of
Cicero's in Asia.
Thera -ae, f. (@ijpa), an island in the Cretan
Sea, now Santorin. Hence, Theraeus -a -urn,
Theraean.
Theramenes -ae, m. (0ijpap.eV>)s), of Chios
or Ceos, adopted son of the Athenian Hagnon, one
of the thirty tyrants at Athens, but put to death
for opposing the opjrressions of his colleagues
Critias and Charicles.
Therapne (Theramne) -5s, f. and Ther-
apnae -arum, f. (©epan-ycu), a town of Laconia,
the birthplace of Helen; hence, adj., Ther-
apnaeus -a -urn, Therapnean ; poet., Spartan;
warita, or nata rure Tlierapnaeo, Helen, Ov. ;
sanguis Therapuaeus (of the boy Hyacinthus of
Amyclae), Ov.
theriacus -a -urn (0jjpta«d?), serviceable
against animal poison, esp., the bite of serpents,
Plin. Subst., therlaca -ae, f. and thcriaoo
-is, f. an antidote against the bite of poisonous
serpents, Plin.
Thericles -is, m, (©^pticXijs), a celebrated
artist, maker of pottery and wooden vessels at
Corinth. Hence, Thericlius -a -urn (©ijpi-
(cAetioj), Thericlean; pocula, drinking-cups of clay
or wood, Cic.
thermae -firuin, f. (0epp.<fc, warm). I. warm
laths. Plin. II. Proper name, Thermae
•arum, f. a town with warm springs on the north
cpast of Sicily, now Sciacea. Hence, Thermit-
anus -a -urn, of or belonging to Thermae.
Thermo -cs, f. (0e'pn>?), a town hi Macedoniit,-
afterwards called 1'hessalonica. Hence, Ther-
maeus -a -um, Thermaean ; sinus, now il Golfo
di Saloniclii.
therminus -a -um (Sepnivot), made of lupines, '
Plin.
Thermodon -ontis, m. (Qepiiu&wv), a river
in Pontus, on which theAinazons lived, now Tcrma.
Hence, Thermodonteus (tiacus) -a -um,
poet. = A mazonian.
thermopolium -li, n. (0epnonu\iov), a place
where warm drinks are sold, Plant,
thermopoto, 1. to refresh with warm drinks,
Plaut.
Thermopylae -arum, f. (©<pp.07ruAai), a
pass in Locris, on the borders of Thessaly, wliere
Leonidas and. a small body of Spartans fell fight-
ing against the whole Persian army.
thermulae -arum, f. (dim. of thermae),
warm baths, Mart.
Therodamas -antis, m. and Thero-
medon -ontis, m. (QripoixiSiov), a Scythian
king, who fed lions with human flesh. Adj.,
Therodamanteus -a -um, of Therodamas.
Thersites -ae, in. (©ripo-t'-n)?), son of Agrius,
one of the Greeks before Troy, notorious for his
ugliness and scurrilous tongue.
thesaurarius -a -um (thesaurus), of or re-
lating to the treasury, Plaut.
thesaurus -i, in. (Srjo-aupds). I. a treasury,
store, hoard; 1, lit., thesaurum obruere, Cic;
defodere, Cic. ; 2, fig., a treasure (of persons,
etc.), Plant. II. the place where a treasure is
kept; 1, lit., a, servata mella thesauris, Yerg. ;
b, esp., the treasury of a temple or state; thes-
auros Proserpinae spoliare, Liv. ; 2, fig., a store-
house, magazine, repertory; thesaurus rerum
omnium memoria, Cic.
Theseus -Si and -gos, m. (©ijtrevs), a Inng
of Athens, son of Aegeus, husband of Ariadne and
Phaedra, conqueror of the Minotaur. Hence, A.
adj., Theseus -a -um, of or belonging to Theseus;
crimen, tlie desertion of Ariadne, Ov. ; poet.,
Athenian, Prop. B. Theseius -a -nm, o/or
belonging to Theseus; heros, Hippolytus, Ov.
C. Subst., Thesides -ae, m. a son of Theseus,
Hippolytus, Ov. D. Theseis -Idis, f. a poem
on Theseus, Juv.
thesion (-um) -ii, n. (Syo-eiov), a species o)
flax (Thesiuin linophyllum, Linn.), Plin.
thesis -is, f. (fleVc?), a proposition, thesis,
Quint.
thcsmophSria -orum, n. (9ea-fj.o4.6pia.), the
great Greek festival in honour of Demeter, Plin.
Thespiae -arum, f. (©ecnnaQ, a town in
Poeotia, at the foot oj Mount Helicon. Hence, A.
Thespias -adis, f. (©can-iot), Thespian; deae
Thespiades, Ov., and simply, Thespiades, Cic,
the Muses. B. Thespxenses -lum, m. tlie in-
habitants of Thespiae.
Thespis -Idis, m. (©cWt), the founder oj
the Greek drama, contemporary of Solon and
Pisistratus.
Thespius -Ii, n. (©eVirujt), son of Erechtheus,
founder of Thespiae, father of fifty daughters.
Thesprotia -ae, f. (0e<r7rpoiTia), a district in
Epirus. Hence, Thesprotlus -a -um, Thes-
protian.
Thessalia -ae, f. (©«<r<raAt'a), Thessaly, a
country of northern Greece. Hsncc, adj., A.
Thessalieus -a -um, Thessalian; juga (of
Mount Pelion), Ov. B. Thessalus -a -um,
Thessalian; tela (of Achilles), Hor. ; ig^nes, ire
the camp of Achilles, Hor.; pinns, the ship Argo,
Thd
m
Thy
Ov. C. Thessalius -a -urn, Thesialian. D.
Thessalis -Mis, f. adj., Thessalian; umbra, of
Protesilaus, Prop. ; ara, of Ixiodamia, husband of
Protesilaus, Ov. ; subst, a Thessalian woman.
Thessalonlca -ae, f. and Thessalonice
-6s, f. (Qecro-aXovUn), Thessaloniea, a town' in
Macedonia, now Salonichl. Hence, Thessal-
6niccnsOi -Turn, m. the inhabitants of 1'hes-
salonica.
Thessalus, v. Thessalia.
Thestius -li, m. (©tVi-io?). L a king in
Aetolia, father of Leda and Althaea, of Plexippus
and Toxeus. Hence, A. Thestlades -ae, m.
(9c<rTid$T);), a descendant of Thestius ; Thestiadae
duo, Plexippus ami Toxeus; respice Tliestiaden,
Meleager, son of Althaea, Ov. B. Thestias
-&dis, f. a daughter of Thestius, i.e., Althaea.
II.= Thespius.
Thestor -6ris, m. (©e'crTwp), father of the sooth-
sayer Catenas. Hence, Thestorldes -ae, it..
(©eo-Topi'^Tjs), the son of Tlustor, i.e., Calchas.
theta, n. Wra), the Greek letter theta (0, 0),
used by the Greeks in voting tickets us a symbol
Of condemnation, because beginning Vie word
OivaxK ; nigrum, Pers.
ThStls -Mis, f. (0eVis), a sea-nymph, wife of
Peleus, mother of Achilles ; hence, poet., the sea,
Yerg.
TheudSria -ae, f. a tovm in Athamania,
now Todoriana.
Theuma -matis, n. a place in Macedonia.
frhi&jma -i, in. (*9i'aoros), a dance in honour of
Bacchus, Verg.
tbleldones -urn, m. a kindof Spanish horses,
Plin.
TMrmlda -ae, f. a town in Numidia.
Thisbe -6s, f. (0i'<t0j)). I. « beautiful Baby-
lonian maiden, beloved by Pyramus. II. a town
In Boeotia. Hence, Thlsbcus -a -urn, Thisbean
= Babylonian.
thlaspi, n. (9\atrm), a kind of cress, Plin.
Thoas -antis, m. (&6a<;). I. o king of
Ismnos, father of Hypsipyle ; whence, Tho-
antlas adis, f. o daughter fj Thoas, i.e., Hyp-
sipyle. II. a king of the Tauric Chersonese, slain
by Orestes. Hence, Th6ant6us -a -urn, poet. =
Tauric.
th6lus -i, m. (0<5Aos), a cupola, dome, Verg.
thoracatus -a -urn (thorax), armed with a
breastplate, Plin.
thorax -acis, m. (fliipaf), 1, the breast, chest,
Plin. ; 2, tneton., a breastplate, cuirass, Liv.
thos, th5is, m. (9u>i), a kind of wolf, Plin.
That, the Egyptian name of Mercury.
Thraces -um, ace. -es and -as, m. (©paVe?),
tlu Thracians, the inhabitants of Thrace in south-
east Europe ; sing., Thrax -acis, n. (0po£), a, a
Thracian ; poet. adj. = Thracian ; b, esp. Thrax,
or Thraex, a glarliator with Thracian armour.
Hence, A. Thracla -ae, f. the cou nlry of Thrace ;
Greek form, Thrace -es, f., or latinised
Thraca -ae, f. B. Thraclus (Threolus)
-a um, Thracian. C. (Poet.), Threlclus -a
•um (©prjiKio?), Thracian ; sacerdns, Verg., or
vates.Ov. = Orpheus ;Samus, Samothracia,Vera.;
penates, of Diomedes, king of Thrace, Ov. D.
Thraeissa, and contr., Thraessa -ae, f. in or
fromThrace; subst., a Thracian woman.
thranis -is, m. (Apart?), a fish, also cnlled
xiphias, Plin.
thrascfas -ae, m. (0pa(rKt'a?), a north north-
vest wind, Plin.
Thrasytmlus -i, ra. (©pd&v/JoiAo?), an
Athenian who freed Athens from the Thirty
Tyrants.
Thrasymennus, v. TrasumenuB.
Thrax, v. Thraces.
Threissa, Thressa, v. Thraces.
Threx — Thrax, v. Thraces.
thrips -Ipis, ni. (Bpty), a wood-iuorm, Plin.
thronus -i, m. (0pd»-o9), a lofty seat, throne,
Plin.
Thiicydides -is and -i, m. (©oukuSi'Aijs), an
Athenian, general inand historian of the Petopon-
nesian war. Hence, Thucydidius -a -um,
Thucydidean.
Thule (Thyle) -5s, f. (©ou'Atj), an island
i7i the extreme north of Europe, perhaps one of the
Shetland Islands, perhaps Iceland.
thunnus (thynnus) -i, m. (fl^ot), a tunny-
fish, Ov.
Thurii -orum, m. (©ouptoi), and Thuriao
-arum, f. a town built on, tits site of the destroyed
Sybaris, on the Tarentine Gulf. Hence, Thur-
Inus -a -um, of or belonging to Thurii.
thus, thurSrluB, etc. = tus, turarius, etc.
(q.V.).
Thuys, dat. Thuyni, ace. Thuynem, and
Thuyn, m. a princeof Paphktgonia at the time of
Artaxerxes Memnon.
thya -ae, f. (Wn) and thyon -i, n. (9vn-\ the,
Greek name oftlie citrus-tree, Plin.; hence, thyius
-a -um, of the wood of the citrus-tree, Prop.
Thjfamis -Wis, m. (0ua/m), the most nor-
therly river in Epirus, now Callama.
Thyatlra -ae, f. and Thyatlra -firum, n.
(©uaTeipa), a town in Lydiu, rebuilt by Seleucus.
Nicator, now Akhissar.
ThybriS = Tiberis (q.v.).
Thyene -SS, f. a nymph, nurse of Jupiter.
Thyestes -ne and -is, m. (©i^oc^r)?), so,t °S
Pelops, father of Aegisthus, brother of Atreiis,
who placed before Thyestes for food Thyestes' own
son.
Thylas (dissyll.) -adis.f. (Quids), " Bacchante,
Verg.
thymus, v. thya.
Thyle = Thule (q.v.).
1. thymbra-ae, f. (0v>|3pa), the herb savoi-v,
Verg.
2. Thymbra -ae, f. (0v»3p>)), « town in
Troas, on the river Thymbrios, with a temple to
Apollo. Hence, Thymbraeus -a -um, Thym-
braean, surname of Apollo.
thymion (-um) -li, n. (fliiiuoi), a kind of
wart, Plin.
thymosus -a -um (thymuni), full of thyme;
mcl, Plin.
thymum -i, n. (Bv^ov), and thymus -i, m.
(flup.or and Quiios), the herb thyme, Verg.
Thyni -ortnn, m. (&woi), a Thracian people,
dwelling origiiudly on the Black Sea. Hence, A.
Thynia -ae, f. (Qwin), Thynia, the northern
part of Iiithynia. B. Thynlacus -a -um,
Thynian; sinus, on the Black Sea, Ov. C.
Tliynus -a -um, Thynian. D. Thynlas -adis,
f. Thynian.
Thynus, v. Thyni.
thynnus - thunnus (q.v.).
Thydne -§ s, f. (©uijitj). I. mother of Bacchus
(ncc. to one legend), identified by some with Semele.
Hence, A. ThydncUB Pi, m. (©uwrniO. »<>n °J
Thy
677
tim
Tliyone, i.e. Bacchus. B. Thyonianus -i, ri.,
nictoii. = wj'iie, Cut. II. u nymph, nurse of
Jupiter.
Thyre -es, f. and Thyrea -ae, f. (®vpja),a
town and district inAryolis. Hence, Thyreatis
-Wis, f. (0t/pcaTi;), of or belonging to Thyrea.
Thyreum-i, n. and Thyrium -li, n. " town
in Acaniania, near Levant. Hence, Thyrienses
-iuin, in. inhabitants of Thyrenm.
thyrsiger -gfira -geium (thyrans ami gero),
bearing a thyrsus, Sen.
thyrsus -i, in. (0Op<ros). I. the skdk or stem
of a plant, Plin. II. a wand, wound round with
ivy and vine-leaves, carried by Bacchus and his
attendants, Hor.
tiara -ae, f. and tiaras -ae, m. (ndpa), «
turban, Verg.
Tiberis -bene, ace. -berim, abl. -bin', in. and
poet., Thybris -bridis, ace. -brin or -brim, m.
the river Tiber; personif., Thybris, the river-god
of the Tiber. Hence, A. Adj., Tiberinus -a
-um, belonging to the river Tiber; aninis, Liv., or
flunien, Verg., the river Tiber; pater, or dens,
the river-god, Verg. Subst, Tiberinus -i, m.
a, the Tiber, Cic, Verg. ; b, a king of Alba, Liv.
B. Tibcrinis -Mis, f. belonging to the river
Tiber ; Tiberiwides Nymphae, Ov.
Tiberius -If, m. I. a common Roman prae-
women, abbreviated Ti. or Tib. II. Esp., the
second emperor of Home, Tiberius Claudius Nero
Caesar. Hence, Tiberiolus -i, in. dim. little
(= dear) Tiberius, Tac.
tibia -ae, f. the shin-bone, tibia; meton., o.
Pj-i^, fife, flute, originally made of a hollow bone;
tibiis canere, Cic.
tibialis -e (tibia), o/or relating toaflute, Plin.
tibioen -Inis, m. (for tibiicen, from tibia and
cano). I. a flute-player, piper, fifer, Cic. II. a
pillar, prop, Ov.
tibicina -ae, f. (tlbicen), a female flute-player,
piper, Hor.
tibioihium -li, n. (tibicen), playing on the
flute, Cic.
Tibris = Tiberis (q.v.).
Tibullus -i, m., Albius, a Roman elegiac
poet, friend of Horace and Ovid, bora 54 B.C., died
about 19 B.C.
tibulus -i, f. a kind of pine or fir-tree, Plin.
Tibur -burls, abl. -bore, lpc, btiri, n. an
old town in Latium, on both sides of the Anio, on
a rocky hill (whence called supinum andpronuin,
Hor.), famous for its romantic position, a famous
summer resort for the rich Romans, now Tivoli.
Hence, A. Tiburs -burtis, Tiburtine. Subst,
Tiburtes -inn and -In in, m. the inhabitants of
Tibur ; esse in Tiburti, in the Tiburtine district,
Cic. B. Tiburtmus -a -urn, Tiburtine. C.
Tiburnus -a -um, Tiburnian. Subst, Ti-
burnus -i, in. H14 builder of Tibur.
Tiburtus -i, m. the builder of Tibur.
Ticinum -i, n. a town in Cisalpine Gaul on
the river Ticinus, now Pavia.
Ticinus -i, m. one of the tributaries of the
Padus in Cisalpine Gaul, now Tessino.
Tifata -5rum, n. a mountain north of Capua
in Campania, on which was a temple to Diana,
now Torre di Sessoki.
Tifernum -i, n. a town in Samnium on the
river Tifernus.
TifernuB -i, m. 1, a mountain in Samnium;
2, a river in Samnium.
Tigellius -ti, m. name of two musicians at
Rome in Horace's time,
19
tigillunl -i, li. (dim. of Mgmilli), n small
beam, Liv.
tignarius -a •um (tignnm), of or relating to
beams ; faber, a carpenter, Cic.
tignum -i, n. (lego), a beam of wood, a log of
timber, Caes.
Tigranes -is, in. (Tiypan)?). I. king in Great
Armenia, son-in-law and ally of M ithriilates,
conquered by Lltcullus. II. his son.
TigranScerta -ae, f. and Tigranocerta
-Oram, n. the chief town of Armenia, founded by
Tigranes.
tigrinus -a -um (tigris), spotted like a tiger,
Plin.
tigris -Idis and -is, ace. -Idem and -im or
-in, abl. -Ideor-i, ace. plur., poet., -Idas (Tt'ypw, in
Persian = anarrow). I. c. (masc. gen. in jirose,
fern. gen. iu poetry), a tiger ; 1, lit., Verg. ; 2,
transf., a, name of one of the dogsofActacon, Ov.;
b, name of a sh in decorated with thefigure of a tiger,
Verg. II. m. Tigris -Idis and -is, ace. -Idem and
-im, abl. -Ide and -g or -I, the river Tigris in Asia.
Tigurini -drum, m. a Helvetia n people. Adj. ,
Tigurinus -a -um, Tigurine; pngus, the modern
canton Vaud.
tilia -ae, f. I. a linden or lime-tree, Verg.
IL the inner bark of the lime-tree, Plin.
Timaeus -i, m. (Ti'/iaios). I. a Greek his-
torian in Sicily under Agalhades. II. a Pytha-
gorean philosopher of I.ocri, after whom one of
Plato's dialogues was named.
Timagenes -is, m. (Tinayorj?), arhctorician
of the time of Augustus.
Timanthes -is, in. (T\/iai Srjt), a famous
Greek painter, contemporary of Parrhasius.
TimavilS -i, m. a river in the Venetian
country between Aquileiaa nd Trieste, now Timavo.
tiruefactus -a -um (timeo and faeio), made
(earful, frightened, alarmed, Cic.
timendus -a -um, p. adj. (from timeo), to be
feared, fearful, dread ; reges, Hor.
timens -entis, p. ad)', (from timeo), fearing,
fearful; a, with genit, mortis, Lucr. ; b, absol.,
hortatus Omentum, Ov. ; plur. subst., the fear-
ful; timentes coutlrmat, Cues.
timeo -ui, 2. to be of raid, fear, dread, appre-
hend ; with ace, nliquem, Cic. ; with ne, ne uon,
or ut and the sulij., timeo, ne non inipetrem,
Cic. ; with infln., to be afraid to ; nomen referro
in tabulas, Cic. ; with interrog. clause, quid
possem, timebain, Cic. ; with dat. (of the object
on whose account fear is felt), sibl, Caes. ; with
de, de republica, Cic. ; with a and the abl., a quo
quidem genere ego numquam timui, Cic.
timide, adv. with compar. and superl. (tim-
idus), timidly, fearfully, Cic.
timiditas -fitis, f. (timidus), fearfidness,
timidity, Cic.
timidus -a -um (timeo), fearfid, timid, faint-
hearted, Cic. ; with ad and the ace, timidus ad
mortem, Cic. ; with in and the abl., timidus in
labore militari, Cic. ; with genit, timidus pro-
cellae, Hor. ; non timidus, foil, by the infln., non
timidus pro patria niori, Hor.
Tlinocrates -ae, ni. (Ti/iojcpanjs), an Epicu-
rean philosopher, flourishing about 260 B.C.
TimolSon-ontis, m.(TijioA<W), a Corinthian
general, contemporary of Philip of Macedon.
Hence, TimdlSonteus -a -um, of or belonging
to Timoleon.
Timon -Snls, ra. (Ti'p.<ov), a citizen of Athens,
notorious for his misanthropy.
timor -Oris, m. (timeo), fear, dread, apprehen-
Tim
07!
sloti. L Lit., ft, g"dn., definiunttimofcmmettim
mali appropinquantis, Cic. ; tlinorein deponite,
CIc ; Injlcere timorem Parthis, Cic.; percelli
timore, Cic. ; full, by ne nn<\ the subj., Liv. ; by
infln., Ov. ; by ace. and infln., Liv.; personif.,
Timor, son of Aether and Tellus, Ilor., Verg. , Ov. ;
b, religious fair, superstition, Hor. II. Me ton.,
an object exiting few; Cacus Aventinae timor
atque infainia silvae, Ov.
Timotheus -i, in. (TV60eo<;). I. son of
Conon, the rebuihlcr of the long walls of Athens.
II. a musician of Miletus.
tlnctiiis -c (tingo), in which something is
dipped, Ov.
tinctorfa.3 -a -urn (tingo), of or relating to
dyeing; fig., mens, bloodthirsty, riin.
tinotura -ae, f. (tingo), a dyeing, Plin.
tinctus -ft, m. (tingo), a dipping, dyeing, Plin.
tinea (tinia) -ae, f. a moth, bookworm, Ov.,
Hor. ; a worm in beehives, Verg.
tingo (tinguo), tinxi, tinctuin, 3. (root
TING, Gk. TE1T, Te>Ta)), to wet, moisten, imbue
with any fluid. I. Gen., a, lit., tunica sanguine
tincta, Cic. ; b, fig., to tinge, imbue ; orator sit
mihi tinctus Uteris, Cic. II. Esp., to dye, colour,
Cic.
tinmmentum -i, n. (tinnio), a tinkling,
ringing, Plaut.
tinnio -ivi and -li -Itum, 4. to ring, tinkle,
tingle, jingle. I. Lit., Varr. II. Transf. , 1, to
sing, to scream, Plaut. ; 2, to chink, to male to
chink; of money = to pay; ecquid Dollabilla
tinniat, Cic.
tinnitus -iis, m. (tinnio), a ringing, tinkling,
jingling, Verg. I. Lit., Ov. II. Transf., of
discourse, a jingle of words, Tac.
tinnulus -a -urn (tinnio), ringing, clinking,
tinkling, jingling, Ov.
tinnunoiilus -i, m. akind of falcon (Fnlco
tinnunculus, Linn.), Plin.
tintlnnabulum -i, n. (tintinno), a bcll,.lnv.
tintinnaoulus -a -um (tintinno), ringing,
jingling, Plaut.
tintinno (tintino), 1. to ring, jingle, tinkle,
Cat.
tinua-l, f.« s?ir!(&(ViburnumTinu9, Linn.),Ov.
tiphe-5s, f. (n'^r)), a species of grain (Triticum
monococcon, Linn.), Plin.
Tiphys, aco. -phyn, voc. -pliy, m. (Tupvs),
the helmsman of the Argo.
tippula -ae, f. a water-spider (which runs
swiftly over the water), Varr. ; used to express
something very light, Plant.
Tiresias -ae, m. (Tetpe<nat)> the famous blind
soothfiyer of Tliebes.
TIridates -datis, m. (TipiSanjs), name of
several kings in Armenia.
tiro (tyro) -onis, m. I. a young soldier, a
recruit; 1, lit., Cic; adj., exercitus tiro, Cic;
2, transf., a, a beginner, a learner; in aliqua re,
Cic. ; tiro esset scientifi, Cic. ; b, a youth who
assumes the toga virilis, Ov. II. Proper name,
31. Tullius Tiro, the freedman of Cicero.
tirocinium -ii, n. (tiro). I. military ignor-
anceainl Inexperience; a, lit, juvenis, Liv.; b,
ii ■ t. n., recruits, Liv. XI. Transf., of the entry of a
young man on any career ; in L. Paulo accusando
tirocinium ponere, come before the public, Liv.
tiruncfilus -i, m. (dim. of tiro), a young
beginner, Plin.
Tiryns« ace. -ryntha, f. (Tlovv:), an Argive
town where Hercules was brouglit up. Hence,
adj., Tirynthius -a -um, poet.,_ Herculean,
relating to Hercndes; so simply, Tirynthius
Tit
-Ii, m. Hercules; Tiryr-thia, Alcmcna, themolh(?
of Hercules.
Tisias -ao, in. (T«ri'a?), of Sicily, the first
founder of a rhetorical system.
TIsiphone -ea, f. (Jio-i#6itj) l one of the
Furies; hence, adj., Tisiphoneus -a -um,
hellish, impious; tempora, Ov.
Tissaphcrnes -ao, in. (Tio-<ra<f)<'p><>]s), a
3atrap under Xerxes II. and Artaxerxes II.
Tisse -5s, f. n tov;n in Sicily, now Randa:z».
Hence, Tissenses -linn, in. the inhabitants of
Tissc.
Titan -tSnis, m. (TcTai-), and Titanus -i, m.
1. Gen., plur., Titanes and Tit.ini, the sons of
Uranus and Gaea (lat. Tellus), who warred again*/
Jupiter for supremacy in heaven, and were by him
cast down into Tartarus. II. one of the Titans;
a, the Sun-god, son of Hyperion ; h, Prometheus.
Hence, A. Tltanius -a -um, of or relating to the
Titans; snbst., TItania -ae, f. a, Latona, Ov.;
b, Pyrrha, Ov.; c, Diana, Ov.; &, Circe, 0\\ B.
Titaniaous -a -um, Titanian. C. Titanis
-idis -idos, f. Titanian; subst., a, Circe, Ov.;
b, Tethys, Ov.
Tithonus -i, m. (TiOwi'd?), the husband of
Aurora, who obtained from his wife the gift of
immortality, but without perpetual youth, and
was at last changed into a grasshopper. Hence,
adj., Tithonius -a -um, Tithonian; Tithonia
conjux, Aurora, Ov.
Titles -ium, in. and Titienses -lum, m.
one of the three tribes (Ramnes, Tities, and
Luceres) into which the Roman burgesses were at
first divided, and out of which three centuries oj
knights arc said to have been formed by Romulus,
titillatio -onis, f. (titillo), a tickling, titil-
lation, Cic.
titillatus -us, m. = titillatio (q.v.).
titillo, 1. to tickle ; sensus, Cic. ; fig., ne vos.
titillet gloria, Ilor.
titio -unis, m. a firebrand, Varr.
titivilllcium -Ii, n. a trifle, Plaut.
titiibanter, adv. (titubo), hesitatingly, un.
certainly, Cic
titubantia -ae, f. (titubo), a wavering, stag,
gering; linguae, oris, stammering, Suet.
titubatio -6nis, f. (titubo), a staggering,
reeling, Sen. ; fig., uncertainty, hesitancy, Cic.
titubo, 1. to totter, stagger. I. Lit., 1, of
persons, silcnus titubans annisque meroque,Ov.;
vestigia titubata, tottering, Verg.; 2, transf., to
stammer ; Licinius titubans, Cic; lingua titubat,
Ov. II. Fig., 1, to waver, to hesitate, Plant, ; 2,
to blunder, err; si verbo titubarint (testes), Cic.
titulus -i, m. an inscription, label, title. I,
Lit,, 1, gen., titulum inscribere lamnae, Liv. ;
2, esp., a, a notice on a house that is to let ; sub
titulum nostros misit avara lares, Ov. ; b, an
epitaph ; scpulchri, Juv. II.^Transf., 1, a, a till*
of honour, honourable designation; consulatus,
Cic ; b, glory, honour; par titulo tantae gloriae
fuit, Liv.; 2, a pretence, pretext, reason; quern
titulum praetenderitis, Liv.
Titurius -Ii, m. a legate of Caesar's in the
Gallic war. Hence, Titiirlanus -a -um, of or
belonging to Titurius.
Titus -i, m. I. a common Boman praenomen,
usually abbreviated T. II. the emperor Titus
Flavins Subinus Vesposianus, son and successor
of the Emperor Vespasian.
Tityos -i, m. (TiTvdt), sou of Jupiter, punished,
for an insult to Latona by being stretched out in
Tartams, and having his liver devoured by
vultures.
Tit
570
toil
Tityrus -i, ni. (TiYvpos, Doric = Sdrvpo?).
I. the name of a shepherd in Vergil's Eclogues ;
poet., inetmi., a, -the Eclogues of Vergil, Ov. ;
b, Vergil himself, Prop. II. Transf., a shep-
herd ; sit Tityrus Orpheus, Verg.
Tlepolemus -i, m. (TAijn-dAfuoO, son of
Hercules.
Tmarus (-8s) -i, m. (T>apo s ), syncop. from
Tomarus -i, m. (Td,uapos), a mountain in
Epirus on which was Dodona and the temple of
Zeus.
Tmolus -i, m. (T,uwAo?), a mountain in
Lydia, famous for its wine. Hence, A. Tmolius
-a -urn, Tmolian ; subst, Tmolius, Tmolian wine,
Verg B. Tmolites -ae, in. a dweller on Mount
Tmolus.
tocullio -Snis, m. (from tokos, interest), a
usurer, C'ic.
tofaceus (tdfaclus) -a -urn (tofus), made
of tufa, like tufa, Pliu.
tofinus -a -am (tofus), made of tufa, Suet.
tofus (tophus) -i, m. tufa, Verg.
toga -ae, f. (tcgo), a covering; esp., the while
woollen upper garment worn by the Romans in
tunc oj peace, when they appeared in their public
capacity as citizens ; it was also worn by freed -
woinen and prostitutes (while the stola was
worn by honourable women) ; especial kinds of
the toga were : purpurea, the kingly, Liv. ; pura,
worn by young men on coming of age, also called
Wilis, Cic; Candida, of a candidate for office,
Cic; meton., a, = peace, Cic. ; b, = togatus, (a)
togata, a prostitute, Tib. ; (fi) plur., = clients'
.Mart. '
togatarms -li, m. (toga), an actor in the
Fabula togata, v. togatus, Suet.
togatiilus -i, m. (dim. of togatus), a client,
Mart. '
togatus -a -urn (toga), wearing the toga. I.
Lit., gen., as a sign of a Roman citizen, as onp
to a foreigner or a soldier ; gens, the Roman people,
Verg. II. Transf., 1, togata -ao, f. (sc
fabula), the national drama of the Romans, treat-
ing of Roman subjects (opp. fabula palliate), Cic;
Z. Gallia togata, the Romanised part of Gallia Cis-
alpuui, Cic; 3, togata, a freedwoman, a prosli-
lute^Hor. ; 4, a client, Juv.
togula -ae, f. (dim. of toga), a little toga, Cic.
Tdlonus -i, in. a river in the country of the
Saomes, now Turano.
tolerabilis -e (tolero), that can be borne,
bearable, tolerable; conditio, Cic. ; poena, Cic.
tolerabiliter, adv. (tolerabilis), patiently:
ahquid tolerabilius ferre, Cic.
tfilcrandus -a -urn (tolero), endurable, Liv.
tolerans -antis, p. adj. (from tolero), bear-
ing, enduring, patient, tolerant; with cenit
laborum, Tac. '
t5lSranter, adv. (tolerans), patiently; ilia
ferre, Ctc.
tolerantia -ae, f. (tolero), a bearing, en-
during, supporting ; reruin lnunanarum, Cic.
toleratio -Snis, f. (tolero), capacity for en-
durance, Cic. * .
tolero, 1. (lengthened form of root TOL,
whence tollo, tuli, rAao, rAfuu), to bear, endure,
Mwtaia, tolerate; hg., 1, hiemem, Cic. ; inopiam
ball.; with ace and influ., SaU. ; 2, to support,
sustain, nourish, feed, keep; equitatum, 6aes.
vitain ahquS re, Caes.
Tfiletum -i, n. a town of the Carpetani in
Hijpatua Tarraconensis, now Toledo. Hence
Toletanl -5nun, in. the inhabitants of Toletttm
tolleno -onis, m. (tollo), a machine for rais-
ing water, a swing-beam or swipe, Plin. ; a mili-
tary engine, Liv.
• tollo, susttUi, sublatum, 3. I. to lift up-
raise, elevate. A. Lit., 1, gen., saxa dc terra)
Cic. ; oeulos, Cic. ; abquem incrucein, to crucify, '
tic. ; 2, esp., a, naut. t. t., tollere ancoras, to
weigh anchor, Caes.; b, milit. 1. 1., tollere signa,
to break up camp, Caes. ; c, to take up, take with
one; ahqueni iu currum, in equuin, Cic; of
ships, to have on board; naves quae equites
sustulerant, Caes. B. Fig., 1, to raise, elevate ;
aliquein humeris suis in caelum, Cic; landcs
uheuius inastra, Cic; clamoreni, Cic; aminos
to assume a proud demeanour, Sail. ; 2, esp., a
to extol, magnify; aliquem honoribus, Hor :
tollere aliquem, to help to honour, Cic. ; aliquem
laudibus, to extol. Cic. ; b, to raise up; animum
regain one's spirits, Liv. ; ainioum. to comfort,
Hor. ; c, to take on oneself; quid oneris in
praeseutia tollant, Cic. ; d, to bring up a child
Plaut. ; transf., to get, have a child; liberos ex
Fabia,Cic II. to take away, carry off'. A.1, gen.,
praedam, Caes.; frunientum de area, Cic; solein
niuiido, Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to remove the food from'
the table ; cibos, Hor. ; b, to reserve for one's own
use; omnes ehlamydes, Hor.; c, to destroy, get
rid of; aliquein e or do medio, or simply ali-
quem, Cic; Carthaginian, Cic. B. Pig., to
remove; 1, gen., amioitiam e nmndo, Cic. ; 2,
esp., a, to consume; tempus, diem, Cic; b to
annul, bring to naught ; legem, Cic; dictaturam
fuuditus a rcpublica, Cic.
Tolosa -ae, f. a rich town in Gallia Narbo-
nensis, now Toulouse. Hence, A. Tolosanus
-a -uiu, o/or belonging to Tolosa; luirum, taken
by the consul Q. Scrvilius Caepio from Tolosa,
Cic _ B. Tolosas -litis, Tolosan; subst.,
Tolosates -ium, m. the inliabitants of Tolosa.
Tolostobogii -orum, m. one of the three
races of the Galatians in Asia Minor.
TSlumnius -li, m. 1, a king of the Veien-
tines ; 2, a sootlisayer of the Rutuli.
tolutarius -a -urn (tolutim), trotting ; equus,
tolutim, adv. (tollo), trotting, on the trot, Plin.
tomacina -ae, f. (tomaculum), a kind of
sausage, Varr.
tomaculum (tomaclum) -i, n. (tou,'), a
kind of sausage, Juv.
Tomarus, v. Tmarus.
tomentum -i, n. the stuffing of a pillow,
mattress, cushion, etc, Tac.
Torn! -orum, m. (Tdp.oi), and TSmis -Idis,'
f. (To^.iy), a town in Lower Moesia, on the Black
Sea, the place of exile of Ovid, near modem Ana-
dolkioi. Hence, A. T6mltae_ -arum, m. the
■inhabitants of Tomi. B. Tomitanus -a -urn
of Tom i. '
tomus -i, m. (to/uos), a cutting, chip, shreih
Mart.
tondeo, tdtondi, tonsum, 2. to shave, shear,
clip. I. Lit., a, transit., barbam et capillum,
Cic; oves, Hor.; b, intrausit., to shave the
beard; tondere Alias docuit, Cic; c, reflax.,
londero and middle tonderi, to sliave oneself,
have oneself shaved; candidiorpostquam toudenti
barba cadebat, Verg.; cum tonderi et squaloroin
deponere eoegeruut, Liv. II. Transf., 1, to cut
off, shear, make smooth ; ilex tonsa bipennibus,
Hor. ; 2, to mow, cut down ; prata, Verg. ; 3,' to
pluck off, crop off, browse upon ; canipum, Verg.,
tonitrus -08, m. and tomtruum -i, n.
(tono), thunder, Verg., Ov. • • ,: >
tono •HI, 1, to soupd, resound. I. Gen',
caelum tonat fragore, Verg. II, Esp., fo
ton
580
tor
thunder; 1, lit,., Juppiter tonabat. Prop.; ta-
pers., toiuit, it thunders, Cic ; tonans, as a
surname of Juppiter, Cic. ; 2, tninsf., like
ppovrav, of the powerful voice of an orator; a,
abaol., Pericles totiare dictus est, Cic; b, tn
thunder out something ; verba foro, Prop.
tonsa -ae, f. an our, Verg.
tonsilis -e (tondeo), 1, that ran lie shorn or
cut, riiii. ; 2, shorn, clipped, cat, I'liu.
tonsillar -5mm, f. the tonsils in the. throat,
Cic.
tonsito, l. (fntens. of tondco), to shear, clip,
Plant.
tonsor -oris, in. (tondeo), a hair-cutter,
barber, Cic.
tonsorius -a -um (tonsor), of or for clipping,
cutting ; culter, Cic.
tonstrlcula -ae, f. (ilim. of tonstrix), a little
female barber, Cic.
tonstrina -ae, f. (tondco), a barber's shop,
Plant.
tonstrix -Icis, f. (tonsor), re female barber,
Plaut.
tonsura -ac, f. (tondeo), a clipping, shear-
ing, shaving ; capillorum, Plant.
tonsus -us, m. (tondeo), the mode of cutting
or wearing the hair, Plaut.
tonus - i, m. (two?), the tone or sound of an
instrument ; applied to painting, tone, Plin.
toparchia -ae, f. (ronapxia), ft territory, dis-
trict, province, Plin.
topaZUS (-8s) -i, f. ( T 6naC~n<;), the topOS,
chrysolith, or green jasper, Plin.
tophus, etc. = tofus, etc. (q. v.).
topla -ornm, n. (sc. opera, from toVo?), orna-
mental gardening; hence, tdpiarlus -a -um,
of or relating to ornamental gardening ; subst.,
a, topiarius -II, in. a landscape gardener, Cic;
b, t&piarla -ae, f. the art of landscape, garden-
ing ; toplariam facere, U> be a landscctjie gardener,
Cic; c, tSpiarium -li, n. (ae. opus), landscape
gardening, Plin.
topper, adv. sjxedily, directly, forthwith,
Quint.
tSral -aiis, n. (torus), the valance of a couch
or sofa, Hor.
torctilar -arts, n. (torquco), a wine, or oil
press, Plin.
toroularlus -e (torcnlar), o/or relating to a
press; subst,, torcularium -11, n. re press,
Cato.
toroiilus -a -um (torqueo), o/"or relating to a
press. I. Adj., VBBft, Cato. it. Subst., torcu-
lum -i, n. re press.
tordylon -I, n. (r6pSv\ov), the seed of the
plant seselis ; or, according in others, the
Tordylium ofllolnalo, Plin.
torouma -atis, n. (jopevfxa), carred or em-
bossed work, Cic, Sail.
tSreutes -ae, m. (ropcvnisX an engraver,
chaser, embosser, Plin.
toreutlco -8s, f. (topevthoj, rc. rexvv), Me
art of chasing, engraving, embossing, Plin.
tormentum -i, n, (torqueo). I. an instrument
for twisting, winding, pressing; 1, a windlass,
•pMry; pracsectis omnium mullerum crlnibus
torment* effoeemnt, Caen. ; 2, an imtrument of
tortvre, the rack; a, lit. tormentA adhlbere,
Olc. ; dare bo In tormenta, Cic. ; do sr.rvo in
domlnum ne tormentls quidem qtmcrl licet,
Gic. ; b, transf., («■) compulsion ; leno torment-
Um admovere Ingonlo, Hor.; (ft) tortvre, Utrmtnt;
torroenta suspicion!*, Cic. II. a mUU
tl'tory engine
for discharging missiles ; 1, ibi torlnonffl r>n1-
locavit, Caes. ; 2, me ton., the missile so dis-
charged; telnm tormentumvc iniasum, Cars.
tormina -um, n. (torqueo). I. the colic,
gripes, Cic II. Transf., minae, a strangury,
Plin.
tormlnalis -e (tormina), of or relating to
the colic, Plin.
torrainosus -a ■um(tormina), suffering from
the colic, Cic.
torno, 1. (Toprevoj), to turn in a lathe, muli'
round. I. Lit., spliaeram, Cic. II. Fig., versus
male tornati, badly-turned, awkward, Hor.
tornus -i, m.(Tdpro?), a lathe. I. Lit,, Verg.
II. Fig., angusto versus includere torno, Prop.
Torone -OS, f. (Topiovn), a town on the. Aegean
Sea, now Toron; Toronae proinunturiuhi, the
promontory Derris, near Torone, Liv. Hence,
T8r6nalci3 -a -um, of or belonging to Torone.-
tdroSUS -a -um (torus), muscular, fleshy,
brawny ; colla bourn, Ov.
torpedo -h»is, f. (torpeo). I. torpor, tor-
pidity, sluggishness, inertness, Sail., Tac II.
the fish called the torpedo, Cic.
torpSo, 2. to be stiff, immovable, sluggish,
inert, torpid, numb. I. Lit., physically, a,
corpora rigentia gelu torpebanl, Liv. ; b, to lie
inactive, continue inactive; deuin sic feriatnm
volumna cessatione torpere, Cic. ; c, to be. im-
moveable from fear; adeo torpontibus inetu qui
aderant, ut ne gemitus quidem exaudiretur,
Liv. II, Transf., to be mentally benumbed,
torpid ; si tua ro subitA consilla torpent, Liv.
torpesoo -pQi, 3. (torpeo), to become, stiff,
grow stiff, become torpid ; a, from inactivity, no
per otlum torpescerent maims aut animus. Sail.;
b, from mental agitation, torpuerat lingua
inetu, Ov.
toi'pidUS -a -um (torpeo), slilf, numb, torpid,
Liv.
torpor -Oris, m. (torpeo), stiffness, numbness,
stupefaction, torpor ; 1, physical, Cic; 2, mental,
dulness, inertness, inactivity ; sordes omnium ac
torpor, Tac
torouatus -a -um (torques), wearing a
twisted collar or necklace ; esp. , as the Biirname
of T. Manlius, who killed a gigantic Gaul in
single combat, and took from him the torques or
necklace which he wort; Alecto torquata COlubris,
with a necklace of snakes, Ov. ; palumbus tor-
qnatus, the ring-dove, Mart.
torqueo, torsi, tortum, 2. (connected with
rpemo). I. to hoist, land, wind, turn round ; 1,
gen., a, lit., cervices oculosque, Cic ; terra
circum axem se torquot, Cic ; caplllos fcrro, to
curl, Ov. ; stamina digitls or polliee, to spin,
Ov. ; b, fig., to guide, direct, turn; omnia ad
com moan in suae causae, Cic; 2. esp., a, to roll ;
saxa, Verg. ; b, to turn round in a circle, to
xoind; angnis tortus, Verg. ; hence, c, to hurl
violently, whirl ; ° : uculum in hostem, Verg. ;
hastas, Cic; 3, transf., to turn up; spumas,
Verg. ; torquet medios nox huniida cursus, has
finished the half of her Journey, Verg. II. A. to
throw round oneself; tegumen iminane, Verg,
B. to distort, sprain ; 1, gen., a, lit., vultus
mutantur. ora torquentur, Cic. ; b, fig., to dis-
tort; verbo ao llttera jus omne torquorl, Cic;
2, esp., to rack, torture, torment; a, lit., Cic; b,
fig,, (a.) allquem mero, to make a person drink in
order to test him, Hor. ; torqueatur vita Sullae,
be accurately examined, Cto. ; (j8) to torment,
plague; allquem, Olo. ; llbidines te tovquent,
Clo. ; cxspectntlone torqneor, Cic,
torquis (torques) -Is, m. and (in proso
rarely) f. (torqueo), that which is twisted or
cicuw, t, a twisted collar or necklace; torqui
tor
581
tra
detracto, Cic. II. the collar of draught oxen,
Verg. III. a ring, Wreath, chuplet ; ornat.it;
torquibus arae, Verg.
torrens -entis, p. adj. (from torreo). I.
burning, hot, parched ; miles sole torrens, Liv.
II. Trans!'., of water, steaming, rushing, boiling.
A. Adj., aqua, Verg. B. Subst., torrens -entis,
m. a torrent, Liv.; quam fertur quasi torrens
oratin, Cic.
torreo, torrui, tostum, 2. to burn, parch, dry
up with heat or thirst ; aristas sole novo, Verg. ;
solis ardore torreri, Cic; tosti crines, singed,
Ov.; of fever, mihi torreutur febribus artus, Ov. ; |
of thirst, Tib.; of love, torret amor pectora, Ov.
torresco, '■!■ (inchoat of torreo), to become
parched, be dried tip, Luer.
torrldus -a -um (torreo). I. Pass.,
parched, burnt; 1, dry, arid; a, lit., cam pi
siccitate torridi, Liv.; b, transf., meagre, lean;
homo vegrandi macie torridus, Cic. ; 2, pinched,
nipped with cold ; membra torrida gelu, Liv.
II. Act., burning, hot; aestas, Verg.; locus ab
incendiis torridus, Liv.
torris -is, m. (torreo), a firebrand, Ov., Verg.
torte, adv. (tortus), crookedly, awry, Luer.
tortllis -e (torqueo), twisted, tunned; aurum,
a golden chain, Verg.
torto, 1. (intens. of torqueo), to torture, tor-
ment, Luer.
tortor -oris, m. (torqueo), a torturer, tor-
mentor, executioner, Cic.
tortiiosus -a -um (2. tortus). 1. full of turns
and windings, tortuous. A. Lit., alvus, Cic. ;
amnis, Liv.; loci, Cic. B. Fig., perplexed, in-
tricate, involved; genus disputaudi, Cic. II,
painful, tormenting, Plin.
1. tortus -a -um, p. adj. (from torqueo),
twisted, crooked; via, the labyrinth, Prop.;
quercus, an oak garland, Verg. ; vimen, a bee-
hive, Ov. ; fig., conditioner tortae, intricate, per-
plexed, Plaut.
2. tortus -us, m. (torqueo), a twisting, wind-
ing, curve; serpens longos dat corporc tortus,
Verg.
torulus -i, m. (dim. of torus), a tuft, Plaut.
torus -i, m. (connected with sterno, <rropeV-
vvp.i), any round swelling ■protuberance. Hence,
I. a knot in a rope, Plin. II. a knot or loop in a
garland (fig.), Cic. III. a fleshy, projecting part of
the body, muscle ; tori lacertoruin, Cic. poet.; eolla
tiiment toris, Ov. IV. a bed, sofa, mattress,
cushion, couch, Verg., Ov. ; osp., (a) the marriage
couch, Verg., Ov. ; (/3) the bie.r ; toro componat,
Ov. V. a mound or elevation of earth; tori
riparuui, Verg.
torvitas -5ti3, f. (torvus), savageness, wild-
ness (of appearance or character) ; vultus, Tac.
torvus -a -um (tero), wild, savage, gloomy,
severe, grim, fierce ; osp. of the eyes or the look,
oculi, Ov. ; forma mmantis, Ov. ; draco, Cic.
'poet. ; proelia, Cat.
tot, num. indccl. (roaa), so many; tot viri,
Cic. ; foil, by ut and the sulij., Cic. ; with quot,
us, Cic; by quoties, Cic; with a prep, with-
out a subst., ex tot, Ov.
tdtidcm, num. iudecl. (=tot itideui), just
as many ; totidem annus vixerunt, Cic. ; foil, by
quot (as), totidem verbis, quot dixit, Cic.
totiens = toties (q.v.).
toties, adv. (tot). I. so often, so many times,
us many times ; followed by quoties (as), quoties-
rumque, Cic. ; quot, Liv. II. just as many
iimes, Hor. ,
I
wJ>ole, all, entire. J, Of an object which i» not
divided, a, terra, Cic; mens, Caes.; respublica,
Cic. ; b, whole = with body and soul; sum vester
totus, entirely yours, Cic. ; in prece totus eram.
Ov. ; c, whole, complete, full ; sex menses totos,
Ter. ; subst., feotum -i, n. the whole, Cic; in
toto, on the whole, Cic. II. Of an object opposed
to its parts, all, all together ; totis copiis, Caes. ;
totis viribus, Liv. (dat., toto, Caes., B. Gf.,7, St», 5).
toxicon (-um) -i, n. (to£ik6v), poison for
arrows, Ov.
traballs -e (trabs). I. of or relating to beams
of wood; clavus, a spike, Hor. II. as strong or
os large as a beam ; telum, Verg.
trabea -ae, f. the trabea, a white robe with scarlet
horizontal stripes and a purple seam, worn, a, by
kings, Verg., Liv. ; b, by knights on solemn
processions, who were thence called traboati ;
hence, metoii. = the equestrian order, Hart. ; c,
by the augurs, Suet.
trabcatus -a -um (trabea), clad in the trabea ;
Quiriuus, Ov.
trabccula (trablcula) -ae, f. (dim. of
trabs), a little beam, Cato.
trabs. trabis, f. (root TRAB, Or. TPATT,
whence Tpdirr)£). I. a beam of wood, Caes. II.
Transf., 1, the trunk of a tree, a tree; trabes
acernae, Verg. ; 2, meton., anything made out of
beams; a, a ship; Cypria, Hor.; b, a roof,
house; sub isdem trabibus, Hor.; c, a table,
Mart._
Trachas -ehantis, f. a town in Italy = Tar-
racina.
Trachin -chinis, f. (TpaxiV), nil old town in
the Thcssalian district of Phthiolis, residence of
I'eyx, scene of the death of Hercules, afterwards
called Heraclea. Hence, Tradnnius -a -um
(TpoviVio?), Trachinian; heros, Ccyx, Ov. ; so
simply Tiachinius, Ov.; plur. subst., Trachiniae,
the Trachinian women, name of a tragedy of
Sophocles.
tracta= tractum (q.v.).
tractabilis -e (tracto), that can be handled
or wrought, manageable. I. Lit., tractabile onme
necesse est esse, quod natum est, Cic ; caelum,
not stormy, Verg. II. Transf., yielding, com-
pliant, tractable. ; virtus, Cic. ; nihil est eo (illio)
tractabilius, Cic.
traotatlO -Onis, f. (tracto), a handling,
management. I. Lit., beluarum, Cic. ; nrmorum,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, a treating of, handling;
philosophiae, Cic; 2, rliet. t.t, a particular use
of a word, Cic.
tractator -oris, m. (tracto), a slave who
rubbed a bather's limbs, a shampooer, Sen.
tractatrix -icis, f. (tractator), a female
shampooer, Mart.
tractatus -us, m. (tracto), a handling, work-
ing, management. I. Lit., Plin. II. Fig., treat-
ment, management ; 1, gen., ipsarum artium
tractatu dclectari, Cic; 2, esp., the treatment
of a subject by an orator or writer, Tac.
tractim, adv. (traho). I. gradually, by de-
grees, , Luer. II. slowly, drawling! y ; susurrare,
Verg.
tracto, 1. (traho). I. to drag ulong, haul;
tractata comis antistita, Ov. ; persona, quae
propter otium ac studium ininimo iujudiciis
iiericulisque tractata est, Cic. II. to touch ;
., lit., a, manu or nianibus aliquid, Cic. ; vul-
nera, Cic; tlla lyrac, Ov. ; b, to handle, busy
oneself with, work, manage ; terrain, Luer. ;
gubomacula, to steer, Cic; anna, to carry, Cic. ;
pecunianj publicam, to manage thepuhlicfinances,
Cic; 2, fig., a, gen., to treat, handle, manage;
causas auueorum, Cic. ; bcllum, conduct a war,
Liv. ; tractnre conditiones, to treat about terms.
tra
562
tra
Caes. ; partes secundas, to act, play, Hor. ; in-
transit., to treat; tie conditionibus, Nep. ; b,
esp., (a) to treat, behave oneself towards ; aspcre,
Cic ; honoriflcentius, Cic. ; (£) se, to behave one-
eel/; lta se tractate ut, etc., Cic. ; (7) of speech
or writing, to treat, discuss, handle a subject ;
partem philosophiae, Cic.
tractum -i, n. (traho). I. a flock of icool
when carded or combed out, Tib. II. a cake,
Cato.
1. tractUS -a -um, p. adj. (from traho). I.
druicn from, proceeding from; venae a cordo
tractae, Cie. II. fluent, flowing; oratio traeta
et fiuens, Cic.
2. tractus -us, m. (traho), a dragging. I.
1, drawing, draught, course; a, lit., tractu
gementem ferre rotani, Verg. ; b, transf., (a)
the extent, s}>ace occupied by anything, position ;
castroruin, Liv. ; tractus ductusque muri, Caes.;
(j3) meton., a tract of country, district; totus,
Cic.; hoe tractu oppidi erat regia, Caes.; cor-
ruptus caeli tractus, Verg. ; 2, a drawing away ;
Syrtes ab tractu nominatae, Sail. II. Fig., 1,
coicrse, motion ; a, calm movement, composed style ;
tractus orationis lenis et aequabilis, Cic. ; b, of
.time, course, Lucr. ; 2, esp., a, drawling in
pronunciation; tractus verborum, Cic; b, of
time, delay ; belli, Tac.
traditio -5nis, f. (trado). I. a giving up,
transferring, surrender ; rei, Cic. ; oppidorum,
Liv. II. giving over by means of words ; a, of
a teacher, instruction, Quint. ; b, of a writer,
relation, Tac.
traditor -oris, m. (trado), a traitor, Tac.
trado -didi -dltum, 3. to give up. I. In a
narrow sense, to give up, hand over; alicui
poculum, Cic. ; equum comiti, Verg. ; alieui
testainenunn legemlum, Hor. ; regnum or im-
perium alicui per mantis, Liv. II. In a wider
sense, to give up, deliver over, consign to; 1,
gen., peeuniam regiani quaestoribus, Liv. ; pos-
sessioncs et res creditoribus, Caes.; 2, esp., a,
to hand over to a person's care, protect ion, manage-
ment, to entrust; alicui custodian) naviuiu, Caes.;
alicui turrim tuendam, Caes. ; b, to give to a
person to lead ; alicui legionem, Caes. ; c, to give
in marriage ; alicui neptem .vgrippinam, Tac;
d, to entrust to a person for instruction ; pueros
inagistris, Cic. ; e, to give by way of protection;
equites Romanos satellites alicui, Sail. ; f, to
give over to the enemy, to hand over, deliver v]> ;
arma, Caes.; alicui Galliac possessionem, Caes.;
se alicui, Caes. ; g, to give over by way of sale, to
sell; aliquem dominis, Ov. ; h, to give up for
punishment; aliquem in custodian), Cie.; ali-
quem ad supplicium, Caes. ; i, to expose; ferls
populandas terras, Ov. ; j, se, to devote oneself to
some thing or r«rsou, to give oneself over to; se
totnni alicui, Cic; se quieti, Cic; totos se
voluptatibus, Cic. ; k, to give over by words ; (a)
to entrust; quae dicam trade memoriae, Cie.,
(J?) to recommend ; aliquem alieui, Cic ; I, to
hand down as a kind of inheritance to posterity;
(a) inimicitias posteris, Cic. ; liafC consuetudo
a majoribus tradita, Cic. ; (fi) to hand down in
writing, report, relate; qualia mu'.ta historia
tradidit, Cic. ; annalcs tradunt, foil, by ace
and infin., Liv.; so, tradunt (they narrate), tradi-
tur, etc., with ace. and infin., Liv. ; with noin.
and infin., Lycurgi temporibus Ilomerus etiam
fnisse traditnr, Cie. ; tradition est, with aec.
and inlin., Liv., Cic. ; m, to communicate by
word of mouth ; (a) clamorem proximia, Caes.;
(fi) to communicate in teaching, to teach; elcmenta
loquendi, Cic ; hacc subtilius, Cic.
traduco (transduco) -duxi -duetum, 3.
I. to carry over, lead over, bring over or across.
A, Lit., 1, hominum multitudincm trans
Rhenum in Galliain, Caes. ; 2, esp., to bring or
lead on, with ace. of object over which the tiling
is brought ; Airmen, pontem, Caes. B. Fig., 1.
to bring to, transpose, change; a, Clodiuni ad
plebem, Cie. ; centuriones ex inferioribus or-
dinibua in superiores, Caes. ; b, to bring to a
certain condition, alter, bring over; artimos a
severitate ad hilaritateni risumque, Cic; ali-
quem a disputando ad dicendum, Cic; aliquem
ad suam scntentiam, Cic; 2, to pass time, spend,
had ; otiosam aetatem, Cic. ; 3, to direct; curani
in vitulos, Verg. ; orationem traduxi et convert!
in increpandam fugam, Cie. II. to lead, con-
duct through ; Helvetios per fines Sequaiiorum,
Caes. III. to lead by, lead past. A. Lit., 1,
copias piaeter eastra, Caes. ; 2, esp., trnducere
e-quuin (of a knight when he passed muster at
the censor's inspection) ; quum esset censor et
in equitum censu C. Licinius Saecrdos prodissct
. . . jussit eqiuim traducere, Cic B. Fig., 1,
to show, let be seen; se, Juv. ; 2, to expose to
ridicule; aliquem per ora hominum, Liv.
traductio -onis, f. (traduco), a leading on ;
fig., 1, a, transferring of a man from a patrician
family to a plebeian; hominis ad plebem, Cic;
2, a bringing to public disgrace, Sen.; 3, a figure
of speech, metonymy, Cic ; 4, temporis, passage,
course or lapse of time, Cic
traductor -oris, m. (traduco), a transferrer ;
ad plebem (of Pompeius, who procured the trans-
ference of Clodiua from a patrician to a plebeian
family), Cic
tradUX -ucis, m. (traduco), a vine-layer, pre-
pared for transplanting, Plin.
tragacantha -ae, f. {rpa.ya.KavO a), a plant,
goafs-thorn, tragacanth, Plin.
tragemata -um, n. (rpay^aTa), dessert,
Plin.
tragice, adv. (tragicus), tragically, after the
manner of a tragedy, Cic.
tragicocomoedla-ae, f. ("TpayixoKio/iuSia),
tragi-comedy, Plant.
tr&gicus -a -um (Tpayoco?). I. of or relating
to tragedy, tragic; poema, tragedy, Cic; poeta,
a tragic poet, Cie. ; actor, Liv. ; Orestes, appear-
ing in a tragedy, Cic ; subst., traglCUS -i, m.
a tragic poet, Sen. II. Transf'., tragic; a, in
tragic style, lofty, sublime; orator, Cic; b, tragic,
fearful, terrible, horrible; scelus, Liv.
tragion -ii, n. (rpdyioi/), p?iti:£ with a smell
like a goat, Plin.
tr&goedia -ae, f. (rpaywSia). I. a tragedy,
Cic. ; tragoedias facere, Cic' ; tragoediam agere,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, n tragic scene: Appiae
nomeii quantas tragoedias excitnt, Cie. ; 2,
tragic pathos ; istis tragoediis tuis perlurbor,
Cic.
tragoedus -i, m. (TpaywSd?), a tragic actor,
tragedian, Cic.
tragonis = tragion (q.v.).
tragopan -is, f. (Tpayonav), a bird (perhaps
vultur barbatus, Linn.), Plin.
tragopogon -onis, m. (TpayoTrciywi'), the
plant goat s-beard, Plin.
tragoriganuxn -i, n. (jpayopiyavov), a plant,
goat's-thyme, Plin.
tragos -i, m. (rpayos), 1, a thorny plant,
Plin. ; 2, a kind of sponge, Plin.
tragula -ae, f. (traho). I. a species of javelin
used by the Hauls and Spaniards, Caes., Liv. J
Be., fcrognlam injicere in aliquem, to use artifice,
Plant. II. a kind of dragnet, Plin. III. a
kind of sledge, Varr.
tragus -i, m. (rpayos), 1, the smell under (ty
armpits, Mart.; 2, Kind offish^ 0\:
tra
583
tra
trahea (traha) -ae, f. (traho), a sledge, drag,
Verg.
trahax -acis (tralio), drawing everything to
oneself, greedy, Plant.
traho, traxi, tractum, 3. to draw, drag along.
1. Gen., A. Lit., aliquem pedibns, Cic. ; ad
supplicinm trahi, Sail., Tac, or train alone,
Sail. B. Fig., 1, to lead, draw away; traliit
sua quemque voluptas, Verg. ; quid est quod me
in aliam partem trahere possit? Cic; 2, to bring
upon; deeus ad consulem, Liv. ; crimen in se,
Ov. ; 3, to ascribe, interpret, refer to ; aliquid ad
religionem, Liv. ; in diversa, Liv. II. Esp., A.
to draio after oneself, drag along ; 1, a, lit.,
vestem, Hor.; esp. from fatigue, corpus fessum,
Liv.; b. to lead, conduct with oneself; exercitum,
Liv. ; turbam prosequentium, Liv. ; 2, fig.,
tantum traliit ille timoiis, Ov. B. to draw to
oneself, draw to, attract; 1, a, lit., auras ore,
Ov. ; aniinam, to breathe, Liv. : esp., of porsons
drinking, to quaff ; pocula, Hor. ; b, transf.,
to put o)i oneself; squamas, Ov. ; ruborein, Ov. ;
2, fig., a, to assume ; multum ex moribus (Sar-
inatarum) traxisse, Tac. ; b, to take to oneself,
appropriate ; deeumas, Cic; c, to receive, gain;
cognomen ex aliqua re, Cic. ; majorem ex per-
nicie et peste reipublicae molestiam, to feel, Cic;
d, to take ; in exemplum, Ov. C. to draw to-
gether ; vultus, Ov. ; vela, to furl, Verg. D. to
draw away, drag off ; 1, lit., aliquem a teniplo,
Verg.; praedas ex agris, Liv. ; hence, to plunder ;
Aeduorum pagos, Tac. ; 2, fig., a, to draw away
from; ab incepto, Sail.; b, to take away ; partem
doloris traliebat publica clades, Liv. ; c, to bor-
row ; consilium ex aliqua re, Sail. ; d, to deduce,
derive; sermonem ab initio, Cic. E. to draw
out, bring out, get out; 1, lit., aquam e puteis,
Cic. ; ferrum e vulnere or a vulncre, Ov. ; 2,
transf., vocem uno a pectore, Verg. F. to draw
down ; lunam (de caelo), Ov. G. to draw or
drag hither and thither ; 1, lit., corpus tractum,
Cic. ; 2, fig., a, to distract, Tac; b, to squander ;
pecuniain, Sail.; c, to divide; sorte laborem,
Verg. ; d, to reflect on; rationes belli, Sail. H.
to draw out in length; 1, lit., a, to lengtlien;
in spatium aures, Ov. ; b, to spin out ; data
Eensa; Ov. ; c, to card ; lanain mollein traliendo,
'v.; 2, fig., of time, a, to prolong, delay, put off;
pugnam, Liv. ; eomitia, Cic. ; rem in serum,
Liv. ; b, to drag along ; vitam in tenebris, Verg.
traicio = trajicio (q.v.).
trajectio -onis, f. (trajicio). I. a passing
over, crossing over ; a, of a person over the sea,
passage, Cic. ; b, of things, stcllarum, Cic. II.
Fig., A. Gen., trajectio in alium, a putting off
upon, Cic. B. Esp., 1, the transposition of
words; verborum, Cic; 2, hyperbole; verilatis
Buperlatio atque trajectio, Cic.
trajectus -us, in. (trajicio), a crossing over,
passing over, passage ; fluminis, Liv. ; commod-
issimus in Britanniam, Caes.
trajicio (traicio) -jSci -jeetum, 3. (trans
and jacio). 1. to throw over or across, to shoot
across, convey over. A. Gen., telum, Caes. ;
vexillum trans vallum, Liv. B. Esp., 1, to
lead over or around, to remove, throw across ;
mnlos antennasque de nave in navein, Liv. ;
trajecto in fune, a rope slung round the mast,
Verg.; 2, to bring over; a, membra super
acervum levi pede, to leap over, Ov. ; fig., aliquid
ex illius invidia in te, Cic. ; b, to transport over
the sea, a river, a mountain, etc. ; legiones in
Sicilian!, Liv.; copias trans tluvium, Liv.; Marina
trajectus in Africam, having crossed, Cic ; with
ace of the place, equitum niagnam partem flu-
men, Caes.; reflex., with or without se, to cross
over, go over ; sese ex regia ad aliquem, Caes.;
sise lUiabus uavibus jn Africam, Liv. ; trajiccio
Trebiam navibus, Liv. ; with abl. of the water
crossed, Aegaeo maii trajecit, Liv. II, to throw
over, hurl beyond ; 1, muruni jaculo, Cic ; 2, a,
to pierce through, stab, transfix; aliquem venab-
ulo, Liv.; alicui femur tragula, Caes.; b, to
ride through, break through ; pars magna equi-
turn mediam trajecit aciem, Liv.
tralaticius — translations (q.v.)
tralatio = translatio (q.v.).
tralatus, v. transfero.
traloquor (transloquor), 3. dep. to re-
late, Plaut.
1. Tralles -lum, m. (Tpa\A«), an Illyrian
people, Liv. (ace Trallis).
2. Tralles = Trallis (q.v.).
Trallis -lum, f. (a! TpdAAei;), a town in
Caria, near Mount Mesogis. Hence, Tralli-
anus -a -urn, of or relating to Tralles.
tralucoo = transluceo (q.v.).
trama -ae, f. (traho), the woof in weaving ;
transf., the spiders web, Plin. ; trama llgurae, a
lanky, lam person, Pers. ; traiuae putridae,
trifles, Plaut.
trameo = transmeo (q.v.).
train es -itis, m. (trameo), a by-way, cross-
road. I. Lit., Apeiinini tnunites, Cic. ; trans-
versis tramitibus transgredi, Liv. II. Transf.,
poet., a way, course, road, path; cito decurrit
tramite virgo, Verg.
tramigro — traiumiigro (q.v.).
tramitto = transmitto (q.v.).
tranato (transnato), 1. to swim ucross.Tac. ;
with ace. of place, Gangem, Cic
trano (transno), l. I. to swim over, swim
across; ad suos, Liv.; with ace. of place, ftumeu,
Caes. ; pass., tranantur aquae, Ov. II. Transf.,
to swim through, to sail through, go through, fly
through, pass through ; nubila, Verg. ; genus
igneum quod tranat omnia, pervades, Cic
tranquille, adv. with compar. and superl.
(tranquillus), quietly, tranquilly, Cic.
tranquillitas -atis, f. (tranquillus), calm-
ness, tranquillity. I. Lit, a calm, freedom from
wind, calm sea, weather; maris, Cic; suinma
tranquillitate consecuta, Caes. ; tanta subito
malacia et tranquillitas exstitit, Caes. II.
Transf., rest, petice ; a ? polit., summa tranquil-
litas paeis atqueotii, Cic; b, menkd; animi, Cic
1. tranquillo, adv. (tranquillus), quietly,
Liv.
2. tranquille, 1. (tranquillus), to make
tranquil, trunquillise. I. Lit., mare oleo, Plin.
II. Fig., animos, Cic.
tranquillus -a -um (trans and quies),
tranquil. I. Lit., calm; esp., free from wind;
mare, Cic. ; serenitas, Liv. ; subst., tranquil -
lum -i, n. a calm ; in tranquillo tempestatem
adversam optaro dementis est, Cic. II. Transf.,
peaceful, tranquil, undisturbed, serene ; tran-
quilla et serena frons, Cic; subst., tran-
quil lum -i, n. quiet; rempublicam in trau-
quillum redigere, Liv.
trans, prep, with ace I. on the other side
of; trans montem, Cic; trans Rhenum, Caes.
II. over, across; trans Alpcs transfertur, Cic, -
trans mare currant, Hor.
transabeo -li -Itum, 4. to go through, pene-
trate ; ensis transabiit costas, Verg.
transactor -oris, in, (transigo), a manager,
accomidislwr ; rerun) huiuscemodi omnium trans-
actor et administor, Cic.
transadigo -Sgi -actum, 3. I. to drive
through, thrust through; crudum ciiacm trans-
tra
584
tra
adigit costas, Verg. II. to pierce, penetrate;
hasta horum unuia transadigit costas, Vert;.
transalpinus -a -urn, beyond the Alps,
transalpine ; Gallia, Caes.
transoendo (transscendo) -scendi
-scensum, 3. (trans and seando). I. Intransit,
to climb over, step over, pass over; 1, lit., iu
liostiuin naves, Caes. ; 2, fig-, ad ca (of dis-
course), 'Inc. II. Transit., to climb over,
step over; 1, lit., muros, Liv. ; Caucasum, Cic. ;
2, fife'., to step over, transgress ; lines juris, Luer.;
ordinem aetatis, Liv.
transcldo -cldi -clsum, 3. (trans and caedo),
to cut through, Plant.
transcribo (transscrlbo) -scripsi -scrip-
tum, 3. to copy, transcribe. I. Gen., testainentum
in alias tabulas, Cic. II. Esp., 1, to transfer,
assign; a, lit., noinina in soeios, Liv.; b, I
transf., aficui spatium vitae, Ov. ; seeptra
eolonis, Ov. ; 2, to transfer ; matres urbi, Verg.
transcurro -cucurri aud -curri -enrsuni, 3.
I. 1, to run over, hasten over ; ad forum, Tor. ; in
Castra, Liv.-, 2, fig., topassover ; ad melius, Hor.
II. A. to run or hasten through; 1, lit., per
spatium, Lucr. ; with ace, caelum transcurrit
nimbus, Verg.; 2, lig., cursum Blium, Cic. B.
to sail or travel past ; 1, lit., Caes.; prneter oculos,
Ov. ; 2, fig., of time, to pass by, Plin.
transoursus -us, m. (transcurro), 1, a
running past, hastening through, Sen.; 2, of
discourse, a brief mention, PUii.
transdanuvianus -a -urn, beyond the
Danube, Liv.
transdo = trado (q.v.).
transduco = traduco (q.v.).
transenna -ae, f. (for transepua from trans
and apo). I. a number of ropes or wooden bars,
transposed crosswise ; lience, a net for catching
birds; 1, lit., Plaut. ; 2, fig, a net, trap, noose,
Tlaut. II. a lattice over a window, Cic.
transeo -Ii -Itum, 4. I. In transit., A. to
go over to, go to ; 1, a, ad uxorem, Ter. ; in
Helvetiorum flues, Caes. ; b, to go over as a
deserter; ad aliquein, Cic; c, to go over from
one political party to another, Tac. ; d, to pass
from one rank to another ; a patribus ad plebem,
Liv. ; e, transf., to be changed into, to be trans-
formed into ; insaxum, Ov.; 2, flg., a, transit uni
est ad honestatem dictorum et factoruin, Cic. ;
b, of discourse, topass over, make a transition ; ad
partitionem, Cic; c, to go over to an opinion;
in alicuius sententiam, to be converted to the
opinion of, Liv. B. to go through ; 1, lit., per
media castra, Sail.; 2, tig., to penetrate; quae-
ilain animalia intelligentia per omnia permanat
et transit, Cic C. to pass by ; transf., of time,
topass by, jnss away ; transiit aetoa quain cito 1
Tib. ; dies legis transiit, Cic. II. Transit., A. to
go over, pass over; 1, lit., a, Euphratein, Cic.;
pass., Rhodanus transitur, Caes.; b, esp., to
overtake ; equum cursu, Verg. ; 2, lift., a, to pass
beyond, to transgress ; fines verecundiae, Cic. ; b,
to surpass; facile, Cic; c, to despatch; magna,
Tac. B. to go through, pass through ; 1, lit., For-
mias, Cic; vim llammae, Nep. ; 2, fig., a, to pass
ever cursorily, to touch lightly on ; leviter transue
ettantummodn pcrstringercunnmquamqucrRm,
Cic; b, of time, to wiss, spend; annum quicte,
Tac ; vitam, Sail. C. to jxtss by ; 1, lit., omiies
mensas. Plant.; 2, fig., to pass by; aliquid
silent io, Cic. (perf., transit, Verg.).
transoro (transsero) -scrni -sertum, 3.
to put, thrust through, Cat©.
transfcro (trafero), traustoli, translatum,
and trSlfitum, transferre, 3. to carry over or
ucrcss, transfer, transport, convey, A. Lit, 1,
gen., Caesar paullo ultra eum locum castra
transtulit, Caes. ; aliquein trans Alpes, Cic. ;
reflex., se ti-ausferic Glyccittedecoram in aedem,
Hor.; 2, esp., to write down ; iu tabulas, Cic.
B. Fig., 1, gen., to bring over, remove, transpose;
reguuin ab sede Lavini, Verg. ; omnia Argos,
give the. victory to Argos. Verg. ; in Celtiberiaiu
helium, Caes. ; seruionein alio, turn to another
subject, Cic; 2, esp., a, to put of, defer ; cauaam
in prozimuin annum, ap. Cic; b, to change to;
dcflnitioncm in aliam rem, Cic; c, to translate
into another language ; istuin ego locum totideui
verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli, Cic ; d, to use
figuratively or metaphorically; verba, quae trans-
feruntur, Cic
transfigo -fixi -fixum, 3. I. to pierce
through, transfix; puellam gltidio, Liv.; trans-
fixus hasta, Cic. II. to thrust through ; hasta
transflxa, Verg.
transflguratlo -onis, f. (transfiguro), a
transformation, transfiguration, Plin.
transfiguro, 1. to transform, transfigure,
Suet, Plin.
transfiuo -fluxi, 3. to flow out, flow through,
Plin.
transiodlo -fodi -fossum, 3. to stab through,
transpierce, transfix; alicui latus, Liv.; aliqnera,
Caes.; partic, with ace of respect, pectora
duro transfussi ligno, Verg.
transformis -e (trans and forma), changed,
transformed, Ov.
transformo, 1. to change, transfigure, trans-,
form ; se in vultus aniles, Verg.
transforo, 1. to pierce, thrust through, Sen.
transtreto, 1. (trans and fretum), to cross
the sea. Suet.
transfuga -ae, c (transfugio), a deserter,
Cic ; specie transfugarum ad Flaccum venire,
Liv.; transf.. transfuga divitum partes linquere
gestio, Hor.
transfugio -fflgi -fugltuw, 3. to desert to the
enemy. I. Lit., Gabios, Komani, Liv.; absol.,
quod in obsidione et fame servitia inflda trans-
tugerent, Liv. II. Fig., ab afllicta amicitia
transfugere et nd florentem aliam devolare, to
desert unhappy friends, Cic
transfugium -li, n. (transfugio), a going
over to the enemy, deserting, Liv.
transfundo -fudi -fusum, 3. to pour from
one ressel into another. I. Lit., Plin. II,
Transf., to transfer; oinnein amorem in aliquein,
Cic.
transfuslo -onis, f. (transfundo), a pouring
out, pouring off. I. Lit, Plin. II. Transf.,
the migration of a people, Cic.
transgredior -gressus .sum, ?,. dep. (trans
and gradior). I. Iiitrausit, to go across or over,
pass over. A. Lit, 1, gen., in Europam, Liv. ;
per niont.es, Liv.; 2, csp., /" pass over toony
one's siik or party; in partes alicuius, Tac. B.
Transf., to pass over to some action, advance;
tarde ad saeramentum, Tac II. Transit., to
pass over, pass through. A. Lit., Tauruiu, Cic. ;
flumen, Caes. B. Transf., a, to pass beyond
some measure or time, Plin. ; b, to pass over in
silence; mentionem viri, Veil.; c, to surpass,
Plin. (partic perf. pass., transgrcsso Apeunino,
Liv. 10.27.1).
transgressio -onis, f. (transgredior). I.
Intransit, a going over, passage; ascensus et
transgressio Gallonun (over the Alps), Cic. II.
Transit., a transposition of words ; verborum,
Cic
transgressus -us, in. (transgredior), a
going over, passage; auspiciuill prosperi trans-
gressus, Tac. ; with object, genit., amnis,, T?.o. '
tra
685
tra
translgo -egi -actum, 3. (trans and ago), to
drive through. I. Lit, to stab, pierce through;
se ipsum gladio, Tar.. II. Fig., 1, to pass time,
spend, lead ; tempus per ostentationem, Tac; 2,
to finish, complete, accomplish, transact any piete
of business ; a. gen., negotium, Cic; aliquid cum
aliquo, aliquid per aliquein, Cic. ; impers., si
tjansactum est, if it is done, Cic. ; b, esp., to
settle a difference or dispute, come to an under-
standing ; cum aliquo H.S. Uucentis milibus,
Cic; tranaf., to put an end to, have done with;
transigite cum expeditionibus, Tac.
transilio (transsilio) -ui and (rarely) -li
and -ivi, 4. (trans and salio). I. Intransit., to
spring over, leap across ; 1, lit., de lnuro in nav-
em, Liv. ; 2, tig., ab illo consilio ad aliud, to go
over to, Liv. II. Transit., to spring over some-
thing ; 1, a, lit, to spring over; muros, Liv. ;
b, transf., to hasten over ; rates trunsiliunt vada,
Hor. ; 2, fig., a, to pass by, pass over ; rein, Cic. ;
b, to overstep, transgress; lineas, Cic; munera
Libert, be immoderate with, Hor.
transilis -e (transilio), leaping across, going
across ; palines, Plin.
transltio -6nis, f. (transeo). I. a going
ar.ross, passing over. A. Lit, 1, gen., imagines
similitudine et transitione perceptae, Cic. ; 2,
esp., u going over from one party or faction to
another; a., ad plebem transitiones, Cic; b, a,
passing over to the enemy ; sociorum, Liv. ; exer-
citus transitionibus iinminutus, Liv. B. Fig.,
infection, contagion, Ov. II. a passage (meton., as
a place) ; transitiones perviae Jani nominantur,
Cic
transitorius -a -urn (transeo), having a
piassaye through; donius, Suet.
transitus -Us, m. (transeo). I. a passing
over or across, transit. A. Lit, 1, gen. ; trans-
itus fossae, Cic. ; trausitum claudere, Liv. ; 2,
esp., a 2Mssing over from one parly or faction to
another; t'acili transitu ad proximos et validi-
ores, Tac. B. Fig., a, the transition (in paint-
ing) from shade to light. Plin., Ov.; b, transition
in discourse, Quint. II. a passing through. A.
Lit, per agros urbesque, Liv. B. Meton., t/ie
■place through which one passes ; transitus insid-
ere, Liv. III. a passing by; tempestatis, Cic ;
in transitu capta urbs, Tac.
transjeotio, etc. — trajectio, etc. (q.v.).
translaticius (tralaticius) -a -um (trans-
latus, from transfero), handed down as customary,
prescriptive; a, edictum, received by a magis-
trate from his predecessor, Cic. ; b, common,
usual ; liaec tralaticia, ordinary course of things,
ap. Cic.
translatio (tralatio) -onis, f. (translates,
from transfero), a transferring, handing over. I.
Lit., 1, pecuniarum a justis dominis ad alienos,
Cic. ; 2, a grafting of plants, Plin. II. Fig., 1,
a transferring ; a, of a judge, accuser, place,
etc., Cic ; b, of an accusation, criminis, Cic ;
2, a metaphor, trope, figure ; verecunda, Cic.
translativus -a -um (transfero), of or re-
lating to a transference ; constitutio, Cic
translator -oris, m. (transfero), a trans-
• fetter i quaesturae (of Verres, who, being quaes-
tor to the consul Cll. Papirius Carbo, deserted
to Sulla), Cic.
transluoco (traluceo), 2. I. to shine
across, Lucr. II. to shine through, be visible
through, Ov.
transluoidus (tralucidus) -a -um, tram-
parent, translucent, Plin.
transmarinus -a -um, from beyond sea,
foreign, transmarine ; artes, Cic; legationes, Liv.
transmeo (trameo), 1. to go over, across,
through, Plin.
19*
transmigro, 1. to migrate from one place to
another ; Veins, Liv.; transf., of plants, to 6e
transplanted, Plin.
transmissio -onis, f. (transmitto), a pat-
sage ; ab ea urbe in Graeoiam, Cic
transmissus -ils, m. (transmitto), a pas-
sage; pari spatio transmissus atque ex Gallia ia
Britanniam, Caes.
transmitto (tramitto) -inlsi -missum, 3.
I. to send across, send over, convey across, trans-
mit from one place to another. A. 1, lit, equi-
tatuni celeriter, Caes. ; classem in Euboeam ad
urbeni Oreuin, Liv. ; 2, fig., a. bellum in
Italiara, Liv.; b, to give over; (a) to entrust;
liuic hoc tantum belluin, Cic. ; (fi) to resign,
yield; mania imperii, Tac. ; (y) to devote; suum
tempus temporibus amicoruin, Cic. B. to let
pass, let through; 1, gen., exercitum per fines,
Liv. ; 2, to lead from one point to another ; trans-
missum per viam tigillum, placed across the road,
Liv. C. to let pass ; Juniuin mensem tiansmisi-
mus, Tac. II. to place oneself, to go, run, swim,
pass through or over something; 1, lit, a,
gen., (a) with aec. of place, maria, Cic ; (0)
absol., sin ante trausmisisset, Cic; b, esp., to
hurl, or throw over or through, Ov. ; 2, tig., to
leave unnoticed, take ho heed to, take no uotire
of, not to mind; Scauruin sileutio transmisit,
Tac
transmontani -orum, in, dwellers beyond
the mountains, Liv.
transmovdo -movi -mOtum, 2. to remove from
one place to another. I. Lit, Syria legiones, Tac.
II. Fig., to transfer, Tcr.
transmutatio -5nis, f. (transmute), the
transmutation of letters, Quint.
transmuto, 1. to change, transmute; dextera
laevis, Lucr. ; incertos honores, Hor.
transnato =■ tranato (q.v.).
transnomlno, 1. to change the name of a
person or thing, Suet.
transpadanus -a-uin, beyond (i.e., on the
north side of) the Po, transpadane; cojonia,
Caes. ; clientes, Cic. Subst, transpadanus
-i, in. a person living on the north side of the Po,
Cat. ; plur., Cic
transpeotus -fis, m. (transpicio), a looking
through, seeing through, Lucr.
transpicio (transspicio), 3. (trans and
specio), to look through, see through, Lucr.
transpono -posui -positum, 3. I. to put
over, across, remove, transfer, Plin. II. (=tra-
jicere), to put across (a river) ; militem dextras
in terras iturum, Tac
transportatio -onis, f. (transporto), a mi-
gration, Sen.
transporto, 1. to convey from one place to
another, transport; exercitum in Grueciam, Cic ;
milites his navibus flumen transportat, Caes.
transrhenanus -a-um (trans and Rhenus),
beyond (i.e., on the east side of) the Rhine ; Ger-
mani, Caes.
transs ... v. trans . . .
transtibcrinus -a-uin (trans and Tibet is),
bcyondthcTiber. Subst, transtlbermi -orum,
in. the people living beyond the Tiber, Cic.
transtinoo, 2. (teneo), to go through, pass
through, Plant.
transtrum -i, n. (from trans). I. a cross-
bench in a ship on which the rowerssat, gen. plur.,
Caes. II. a cross-beam, Caes.
transulto (transsulto), 1. (iuteus. of
transilio), to spring over or across, Liv.
transuo (transsuo) -sitf -stuum, 3. to sew
tra
580
tre
through, stitch through, ■pierce through; exta
transitu verubus, Ov.
transvectio (travectio) -onis, f. (tra
velio). I. a carrying over or across ; Acherontis,
Cic. II. the riding of a Roman knight 2x1st the
censor ut the periodical muster, Suet.
transveho (traveho) -vexi -vectuin, 3. I.
to carry over, convey across, transport. A. Act,
milites, Caes. ; naves plaustris, Liv. B. Middle,,
transvelii, to ride, sail, %xtss over or across; in
Africam, Sail.; Corcyram, Liv. II. to carry
through urby. A. Act., to bearalong in, triumph;
anna spoliuque earpcntis, Liv. B. Middle,
transvelii = to go, ride', pass by ; 1, lit., a, gen.,
transvectae a fronte pugnaritium alae, Tac. ; b,
esp., at a public procession, to ride by; (a) of
the Caesars at the games in the circus, Tac. ;
(j9) of a knight, to ride past the censor at a mus-
ter, Liv. ; 2, fig., of time, to pass, p r iss by ; abiit
jam et transvcctum est tempus, Tac.
transverbero, l. to pierce through, transfix,
•perforate; bestiam venabulo, Cic; pectus ali-
cuius abiete, Verg.
transversarius -a-nm (transversns), lying
across, transverse; tigna, Caes.
transversus (traversus), and trans-
VOr3US)-a-um, p. adj. (from trunsverto), trans-
verse, oblique, athwart. I. Adj., A. Lit., fossa,
Caes. ; transversa anibulare foro, across the forum,
Cic. ; transverso itinere, in an oblique direction,
Liv. ; llg., transvers 11111 digitum, afinger's breadth,
Cic. ; transversum digitum, the breadth of a nail,
Cic. B. Fig., cuius in adulescentiam transversa
incurrit misera reipublicae fort una, crossed,
thwarted, Cic. II. Subst., transversum i, 11.
a cross-direction, Plin. ; dc or ex transverso, tm-
erpectedly; ecce tlbi e transverso Lainpsacenus
Straboqui,ete, Cic. III. Adv., transversum and
plur., transversa, across, sideways; venti trans-
versa fremunt, Verg.
transvdlito, 1. to fly across, Lucr.
transvoio (trav5lo), l. I. to fly over or
across; 1, lit., of birds, Plin. ; 2, transf., to
hasten over, hasten across, pass over hastily ; Alpes,
ap. Cic. ; eques fcransvol&t in alteram partem,
Liv. II. 1, to fly through or to, to fly through ;
transf. — to hasten through ; dum (vox) trans-
volat aures, Lucr. ; 2, to fly past; a, transf.,
to hasten past ; aridas quereus, Ilor. ; b, iig.,
transvolat in medio posita, passes by, Hor.
trapetus -i, m., trapetum -i, n., and plur.,
trapctcs -11m, m. (rpaniui, to tread- grapes), an
oil-press, Verg.
trapezita -ae, m. (Tpaire^Trf;), a money-
changer, Plaut.
Trapezus -untis, f. (Tpa-ne^oii^), a town in
Pontus, colony of Sinope, now Trebizond, Tara-
bosan.
Trasumenus (Trasumennus, Trar. i
menus, Trasymenus) -i, m. (with or with-
out locus); the Trasimene lake, on the banks of
which Hannibal conquered the Ilomans under
Flaminivs (217 B.C.), now Lago di Perugia.
Hence, adj., Trasumenus -a -um, Trasime-
nian.
trav ... v. transv . . .
travio, 1. to go through, penetrate, Lucr.
Trebla -ae, 111. a river in Cisalpine Gaul,
wher» Hannibal conquered the Romans, 21" B.C.,
now Trebbia.
Trebula -ao, f. three towns in Italy. I. In
the Sabine country. A. Trebula Mutusca.
Hence, Trebulanus -a -urn, belonging to Tre-
bula. B. Trebula Sntfena. II. In Campania,
near Suessula and Saticula, now Madaaloni.
Hence, Trebulanus -a -nm, belonging to Tre,
bula.
trecenarius -a -um (trecenti), three-hiin*
dred-fold, Varr.
treoenl -ae -a (tres and centum). I. three
hundred each, Liv. II. three hundred, Plin.
trecentesunus -a -um (trecenti), the three-
hundredth, Cic.
•trecenti -ae -a (tres and- centum), three hun-
dred, Cic. ;
trecenties (treoentiens), adv. (trecenti),
three hundred times, Cat.
trcchedipnum -i, n. (rpex^etTn'O? -or,
hastening to dinner), a light garment worn by
parasites at table, Juv.
tredecim (tres and deoem), thirteen, Liv.
tremebundus (tremibundus) -a -um
(tremo), trembling ; nianus, Cic.
trcmefacio -feci -factum, 3. (tremo and
facio), to cause to tremble; pass., tremeflO
-factus sum -fieri to tremble, Verg., Ov.
tremendus -a -um (tremo), fearful, dread-
ful, terrible, dread, Hor. ; rex, Pluto, Verg.
tremeseo (tremisco), 3. (inchoat, of
tremo). I. Intransit., to tremble, quake ; a, of
things, tonitrn tremescunt ardua terrarum et
campi, Verg.; b, of persons, omnem tremescens
ad strepitum, Ov. II. Transit., to tremble at;
sonitmn pedum vocemque, Verg.; with infin.,
telum instare tremescit, Verg.
tremibundus == tremebundus (q.v.).
tremisco = tremeseo (q.v.).
tremo -ui, 3. (Tpe'fjuu), to tremble, quake. I.
Intransit., a, of things, t remit hasta, Verg. ; b,
of persons, toto pectore tremens, Cic. ; with
ace. of respect, tremis ossa pavore, Hor. II.
Transit., to tremble, quake at; olfensam Junonem,
Ov.; to, Verg.; virgas ac secures dietatoris, Liv.
tremor -oris, m. (tremo). I. a trembling,
quaking, tremor; of the limbs, pallor et tremor
et deiitium crepitus, Liv. ; of tire, tremor
ignium elariiR, Lucr.; of the earth, Verg. ; plur.,
Lucr., Ov. II. Meton., an object which causes
fear and trembling, Mart.
tremulUS -a -um (tremo). I. trembling,
quaking, quivering, tremulous; a, of . things,
lumen, Verg. ; mare, Ov.; b, of persons, accurrit
ad ine tremulus, Ten II. Act., causing trem-
bling, Prop.
trepidanter, adv. (trepido), anxiously, with
trepidation; omnia trepidantius timidiusque
ngere, Caes.
trepidatlO -onis, f. (trepido), agitation,
anxiety, disquiet, alarm, trepidation, Cic. ; tautain
trepidationem injecit tit, etc., Liv.
trepide, adv. (trepidus), tremblingly, an-
xiously, with trepidation ; castra relinqucre,
Liv.
trepido, 1. (trepidus), to be in anxious, con-
fused motion, be agitated, be in alarm, be busy,
bustle about anything; a, lit., of living beings,
totis trepidatur castris, the whole camp is in
confusion, Caes. ; circa advenam, suxtrm con-
fusedly around, Liv. ; circa signa, give «•«!/ in
front, Liv.; of anxious haste, ad anna, Liv.;
with inter and the ace, to be undecided between,
to i^nrer between ; inter fugae pugnaeqne con-
fiilinni, Liv.; with acc.= to fear unxirmsly ; oe-
cursnm amici, Juv. ; with intin., ne trepidate
meas defenders naves, Verg.; b, transf., of
things, aqua per pronuin trepidat nvum, ripples,
Hor.; trepidant llammae, flicker, Hor.; with
infin., cuius octamm trepidavit {is hastening on)
aetas claudere lustrum, Hor.
tre
587
tri
trepldua -a -urn (t^u,). unquiet, anxious,
alarmed, restless, disturbed; a, 'lit, of living
beings and the situation of living beings, trepida
Dido, Verg.; of undecided or rash haste, civitas,
Liv.; with genit., on account of; rerum suarum,
Liv. ; metus, Ov. ; cursus, Verg. ; in re trepida,
in rebus trepidis, in an alarming state of things,
Liv.; h transf., of things, unda, boiling, bub-
bling, Ov.; ahenum, boiling, Verg.
tres (archaic, tris), triads, rpia), three, Cic
tressis -is, in. (tres and as), three asses, Varr.
tresviri = triumviri (q.v.).
Treveri (Treviri) -orum, m. a •powerful
German nation from tin Rhine to the Maas, whose
capital Augusta or Colonia Treverorum is now
Treves or Trier. Sing., Trevir -vlri, one of the
Treveri. Hence, adj., Trevericus (Tre-
Viricus) j-a -um, of or belonging to the Treveri.
triangiilus -a -um (tres and angulus), three-
cornered, ti-iangular. Subst, triangulum
-i, n. a triangle, Cic.
triarii -orum, m. (tres), the oldest and most
experienced Roman soldiers, who were drawn up
in the third rank, kneeling behind the hastati
and pnncipes, ready to help these in need; hence
pro v., res ad triarios rediit, the matter has come
to theextremest need, Liv.
tribas -&dis, f. (>pi/3as), an unchaste woman,
Jrhaedr. '
Triboces -um, m. and Tribooi -orum, m.
o Gallic people on the left bank of tlie Rhine, in
modern Alsace.
tribrachys, ace. -chyn, m. (rp^p axus ), sc .
pes a metrical foot, consisting of three short syl-
lables (^ w kj), Quint. "
tribuarius -a -um (tribus), of or relating to
a tribe, Cic.
tribiila = tribulum (q.v.).
tribulis -is, in. (tribus), one who belongs to
the same tribe, a fellow tribesman; tribulis tuns
Cic. ; esp., a fellow tribesman of the lower classes'
one of the common people, Hor.
tribulo, 1. (tribulum), to press, Cato.
tribulum -i, n. (tero), a threshing machine,
Varr.
tribiilus -i, m. 1, a thorny plant (Tribulus
terrestns Linn.), Ov. ; 2, an. aquatic plant
(Trapa natans, Linn.), Plin.
tribunal -alia, n. (=tribunale, from tri-
bunus), the tribunal. I. Lit., a raised platform
for magistrates, e.g., for the consul when he
directed the comitia, the praetor when he ad-
ministered justice; in tribunali Pompeii prae-
tons urbani sedentes, Cic. ; of the raised seat of
a. general in the camp, Liv.; of the praetor in the
theatre, Suet. ; metou., of the magistrate sitting
on the tribunal, omne forum (the people) quern
spectat et omne tribunal, the magistrates, dis-
tinguished persons, Hor. II. Transf., A. a
monument erected in honour of the dead Tac
B. a mound, embankment of earth, Plin. '
tribunatus -us, m. (tribunus), the office or
dignity of a tribune, tribuneship; a of the
people, with or without plebis, Cic. ; b of a
military tribune, militaris, Cic. '
tribunicius -a -um (tribunus), of or relating
to a tribune, tribunicial ; a, belonging to a
tribune ofjhe people; potestas, Cic; subst.,
tribunicius -li, m. a person who has been
tribune; b, relating to the tribunes of the soldiers :
honos, Caes.
tribunus -i, m. (tribus). I. tribuni, the
Presutents of the three old tribes, representative of
Me tributes, at tlie head of whom was the tribunus
Celerum, Liv. II. A. tribuni nerarii, pay-
masters who assisted tlie quaestors, and wlio were
afterwards made judges, Cic. B. Milit. t. t •
tribuni militura or militares, military tribunes
six to every legion, who commanded it each for
two months in the year, Caes. C. tribuni militum
coiisulan potestate (also called tribuni con-
sulates), chosen to govern in the place of con-
suls from 444-366 B.C., Liv. D. tribuni plebis
(plebi) and (more frequently) simply tribuni, the
tribunes of the people, the magistrates who pro'
tected the plebeians, Cic, Liv.
tribuo -iti -atum, 3. I. to allot to any one
as a share, bestow, assign, give. A. Lit., praemia
alicui, Caes.; suum cuique, Cic B. Fig., 1, gen
to give, show; alicui misericordiam suam, Cic :
alicui magnam gratiain, Cic.;. 2, esp., a, to oi've
up, concede, yield to; valetudini aliquid, Cic;
alicui pnores partes, Cic. ; b, to ascribe, attri-
bute to ; id virtuti hostium, Caes. ; c, to devote
time to a particular purpose; his rebus tantum
tempons, Ones. II.= distribuo, to divide ; rem
In partes, Cic.
tribus -us, f. (from root tri, three, and the
root fu in <j>v\ij), originally, a third part of the
Roman 2 >eople. Hence, I. a tribe, one of the
three tribes of the Roman people (Ramnes, Tities
Luceres); from the time of Servius Tullius a
new division was made, viz., of four tribes for
the city (tribus urbanae), and twenty-six, and
later thirty-one, for the ager Roinan'us (tribus
rusticae); populum in tribus convocare, Cic,-
II.Meton., plur., tribus = the lower classes, the
mob, Plin.
trlbutarlus -a -um (tributum), of or re,
latmg to tribute; tabellae, Cic.
tributim, adv. (tribus), according to tribes,
tribe by tribe; nummos dividere, Cic. ,
trlbutio -onis, f. (tribuo), a distribution,
dividing, Cic.
tributum -i.n. (tribuo). I. tax, contribu-
tion, tribute; trifAitum conferre, facere, penderei
Cic. II. Transf., a gift, present, Ov..
1. tributus -a -um (tribus), arranged accord-
ing to tribes; comitia, in which the people voted
by tribes, Liv.
2. tributus, v. tribuo.
tricae -arum, f. 1, trifles, trumpery, nonsense',
Mart.; 2, vexations, troubles, perplexities; quo-
modo domesticas tricas (fert)?'Cic. ■>
Tricastini -5rum, m. a Gallic people, near
modern Aouste. ._,
Tricca -ae, f. (Tpi'/«i}), an old town in
1 hessaly on the Peneus, now Trikkala, a .-, • ■
tricenarius -a -um (triceni), containing the
number thirty ; tilius, thirty years old, Sen.
triceni -ae -a, genit. tricenura (triginta), 1'
thirty each, Cic. ; 2, thirty, Plin. •
triceps -clpltis (tres and caput), 1, threi-
headed, Cic. ; 2, three-fold, Varr. . '
tricesimus -a -um (triginta), the thirtieth,
tricessis -is, m. (triginta and as), thirty
asses, Varr. ••"
p trichias -ae, m. (rpi X (cis), a species ofsardint ;
trichlla -ae, f. a summer-house, arbour, Caes.
Plin^ 01 "* 13 " IdiS ' f ' (Tpix ' T ' s) ' a kind °f alwl >
tricies (triciens)/ adv. (triginta), thirty,
times, Cic.
tricliniaris -e (triclinium), of or relating to
a dining-couch, Plin. Subst, trioliniaria
-lum, n. a, a dining-room, Plin.; b. drapery for
a dining-couch, Plin. * ..
tri
68S
Tri
triclinium -li, n. (TpucAiViov). I. a dining-
couch, a couch on which the Romans reclined at
meals (generally three on each, sometimes four
and five), Cic. II. a dining-room ; exornnt
ample et magniflee triclinium, Cic.
trlcolum (-on) -i, n. (tpikuW), a. period
cmisisting of three jiarts or clauses, Sen.
trioor, 1. dep. (trieae), to make difficulties, to
shuffle, trifle ; cum aliquo, Cic.
trioornis -e (Ires and eornu), having three
horns, Plin.
trlcorpor -pflris (tres and corpus), having
three bodies; forma tricorporis umbrae, ofGeryon,
Verg.
triouspis -Idis (tres and cuspis), having
three points, Ov.
tridacna -5rum, n. (toi = ter, and Saxvui =
mordeo), a kind of oyster, Plin.
tridens -entis (tres and dens), having three
teeth or prongs. I. Adj., rostra, Verg. II.
Subst, tridens -entis, m. a trident, a three-
pronged spear for piercing large fish, Plin.; an
attribute of Xeptuno, Verg.
tridentifor -fen, m. (tridens and fero), the
trident-bearer, epithet of Neptune, Ov.
tridentlger -geri, m. (tridens and gero), the
trident-bearer, epithet of Neptune, Ov.
triduum -li, n. a sjxice of three days ; quum
tridui vimn processisset, Caes. ; triduo ilium
But aunnnum quadriduo periturum, Cic.
triennla -Ium, n. (tres and annus), a festival
celebrated every three years, Ov.
triennium -li, n. (tres and annus), a space
of three years ; biennium aut. triennium est quum
nuntium remisisti, Cic. ; inultis locis Uennaniae
triennium vagati, Cic.
triens -cu I is, m. (tres), a third part, one-third,
A. Gen., Cic. B. Ksp., 1, the third part of an
as, Hor.; 2, of a srxtarius, Prop.; 3, In in-
heritances, o third part of a whole ; cum duobua
cohercdibus esse in trieiue, Cic.
trientabulum -i, n. (triens), the equivalent
in land fir the third part of a sum of money, Liv.
trien talis -e (triens), containing one-thiul
of afoot, I'lin.
trierarchus -i, in. (Tpujpap.xos), the com-
mander of a trireme, Cic.
trierls -e (Tpiiipjps), having three banks of
oars. Subst., trieris -is, f. a trireme, Nep.
trieterious -a -um (rpieTTjpiKcS;), recurring
every three years, triennial; trieterica sacra or
orgla, Verg., Ov.
trleteris -idis, f. ( T pi«r»jpiO, 1, a space of
three years, .Mart. ; 2, a triennial festival, Cic.
trifariam, adv. (trifaiins, three-fold, sc.
partem), {« o three-fold manner — in three places,
on three sides ; adoriri, munire, Liv.
trlfaux -faucis (tres and faux), having three
throats, triple-throated ; latratus (Cerberi), Verg.
trifer -fCra -fernm (ter and fero), bearing
fruit thrice a year, Plin.
trilidus -a -uin (ter and Undo), split in three
parts, three-forked ; tlainma (of lightning), Ov.
trifUis -e (tres and ilium), having three hairs,
Mart.
trifollum -li, n. (tres and folium), trefoil,
Plin.
trlfcrmiS -e (tres and forma). I. three-
formed, having three forms; Chiinaera, Hor.;
dea, . Jlecate, Ov. II. three-fold; inundiis (be-
cause composed of air, sea, and earth), Ov.
trifur -furis, in ,'ier and f"r), a three-fold
thief, arch-thief, Plaut.'
trlfurclfer -feii, in. (ter and furcifer), an
arch-rogue, Plant.
trigarius -a -um, subst. (triga, a team of
three horses), relating to a team of three hois**;
subst., 1, trigarius -li, m. a driver of a team
of three horses, Plin. ; 2, trigarium -ii, n. «
circus or training-ground where teams of three
horses are driven, Plin.
trigeminus (tergSminus) -a -um, three-
fold; vir, Geryun, Hor.; eanis, Cerberus, Ov. ;
tergemini honores, the aedileship, praeti/rship
and consulship, Hor.; of children, three born at
a birth; fratres, the Horatil and the Curiatii,
Liv. ; Trigeuiina Porta, a gate in the. old city-nail
of Rome, opposite the northern corner of the Aven-
tine, Plin.
trigemmis -e (tres and gemma), having
three buds, Plin.
triginta, num. (xpiaKoi'Tu), thirty, Cic.
trlgon -Onis, m. (Tpi'ywi'). I. a ball for play-
ing, Mart. II. Meton., a game at ball, Hor.
trigonalis -e (trigonum), three-cornered ;
pila (= trigon), Mart.
trigonum -i, n. (rpiytavov), a triangle, Vnrr.
trigonus -i, in. a kind offish, the sting-ray,
Plant.
trlllbris -e (tres and libra), of three pounds'
weight, Hor,
trilinguis -e (tres and lingua), having three
tongues ; os Cerberi, Hor.
trilix -icis (tres and licium), having three
threads; loricam conaertam hainis auroque tri-
licem, Verg.
trimatus -tls, m. (trimus), the age if three
years, Plin.
trimostris, 3. (tres and mensis), three
monthly. I. Adj., haedi, three months old, Vnrr.
II. Subst., trimostria -Ium, n. crops which
ripen three months ajter sowing, Plin.
trimeter = trimetros (q.v.).
trlmetrSs (-US) -a -Um, containing three
metra, i.e., three double feet, Quint.; subst.
trlmotros (-US), and (Latinised form), trl-
motfir -tri, a trimeter, Hor.
trimSdia -ae, f. and trimd'dium -li, n.
(tres and modius), a vessel containing thre evwdii
or bushels, Plaut.
trimus -a -um (tres), three years old; equa,
Hor.
Trinacrla -ne, f. (Tpiraxpia), the oldest name
of Sicily, so called from, its triangular shape,
Hence, A. Trinacrlus ■* -um (Tpuaicpius),
Trinacrian, and B. Trinacrls -idis, f. (Tpi-
raKpt'O, Trinacrian ; Trinacris nlone = Sicily, Ov.
trini -ae -a (tres). I. three each, Plin. II.
three together (found With subst. only used in
plur.), trinae litterae, Cic; trina castra, Caes.
Trinobantes -um, in. a people in the eust of
Britain.
trinodis -e (tres and nodus), having three
knots, Ov.
triobolus (-os) -i, m. (Tpio^oAo?), a coin nf
the value of three oboli, Plaut.
Triocala -ornm. n. a mountain fastness in
Sicily. Hence, Trlocalinus -a -um, relating
to Triocala.
trionos -um, in. (=teriones, from tero), the
ploughing ore n ; transt'., the constellation:' known
as the Great Bear mtd Little Hear (as the atura
resembled the sliape of a waggon and the oxen
attached to it), Verg.
Trlopas -ae, m. (Tpio7ras), a king in Thessaly,
father oC ErysiclUhon. Hence, A. Tridpelos
tri
589
tri
-ii_ m. (Tptojreioi) == Erysichthon, Ov. B. Trio-
pels -Wis, f. =s Mestra, daughter of Erysicthon.
trlorchis, ace. -chem, f. (rpwpxU). I. a
buzzard, Plin. II. a kind of centaury, Plin.
triparcus -a -um (ter and parcus), very
stingy, Plaut.
tripartite- (and gen.) trtpertito, adv.
(tri parti tus), in three parU ; bona dividers, Cic.
tripartitus (and gen.) tripertitus -a-um
(ter and partior), divided into three -parts, three-
fold, triple, tripartite; divisio, Cic.
tripectorus -a -um (tres and pectus),
having three breasts, Lucr.
tripedalis -e (ter and pedalis), of three feet
in measure ; parma, Liv.
trlpedaneus = tripedalis (q.v.).
tripert ... v. tripart . . .
tripes -pgdis (ter and pes), having three feet ;
mulus, Liv.
Triphylia -ae, f. (TpupvMa), the south part
ofElis in the Peloponnesus.
triplex -pllcis (tres and plico), three-fold,
triple. I. Adj., acies, Caes. ; Plato tripliceni
finxit animura, Cic. ; deae, the three Parcae, Ov. ;
Minyeides, thejhree daughters ofMinyas, Ov. II.
Subst, 1, tripliees -um, m. (sc. codirilli), a
writing tablet with three leaves, Cic; 2, triplex
-plicis, n. = triplum, three times as much; pediti
in singulos centeni dati . . . triplex equiti, Liv.
triplico, 1. (triplex), to triple, -make three-
fold,P)m.
triplus -a -um (rpcn-AoOs), three-fold, triple;
pars, Cic. . .
Tripolis -is, f. (TpiVoAis), the name of several
towns and places. L a mountainous district in
Thessaly south of the Cambunian mountains.
Hence, Tripdlitanus ager, the district of
Tripolis, Liv. II. a town in Thessalia Hestiaeotis.
III. a district of Arcadia, near Tegea. IV. a
district in Africa, now Tripoli. V. a town in
Phoenicia, now Trapoli. VI. a town in Pontus.
VII. a torvnin Phrygia.
Triptolemus -i, in. (TpiTrroXevos), son of
Celeus, king of E.'-.usis, and of Metaneira, the in-
ventor of agriculture, a judge in the lower world;
prov., Triptolemo dare fruges, to carry coals to
Newcastle, Ov.
tripudio, 1. (tripudium), to beat the ground
with the feet, to dance; e.g., a savage war dance,
tripudiantes more suo (of the Spaniards), Liv.;
of an old Roman dance on festive and religious
occasions, Sen. ; hence, transf., tot in funeribus
reipublicae exsultans ac tripudians, dancing for
joy, Cic.
tripudium -li, n. (ter and pes). I. a religious
dance; e.g., of the Salian priests, Salios per
urbem ire cauentes carmina cum tripudiis sol-
lemnique saltatu, Liv. ; so of a savage war
dance, cantus (Gallorum) ineuntium proelium
et ululatus et tripudia, Liv. ; of the' wild Bacchic
dance, Cat. II. T. t. of augury, a favourable
omen when the sacred chickens eat so fast that the
food fell out of their beaks, Cic.
• tripus -podis, m. (rpinovi), a three-legged
seat, tripod. I. Gen., Verg., Hor. II. Esp.,
the tripod of the Delphic priestess, Cic, Verg. ;
hence, meton., the Delphic oracle, Ov.
triquetrus -a -um. I. three-cornered, tri-
angular; insula (of Britain), Caes. II. (Because
Sicily from its triangular shape was called
Triquetra, hence =) Sicilian, Lucr., Hor.
triremis -e (tres and remus), having three
banks of oars, Caes. ; subst., triremis -is, f. a
trireme, Caes., Cic.
trischoenus -a -um (rpio-xoivof), containing
three schoeni, Plin.
triscurria -orum, n. (tres and scurra), gross
bnjjfoonerics, Juv.
triste', adv. (tristia). I. sadly, sorrowfully,
mournfully ; adolescentes gravius aegrotant,
tristius curantur, Cic. II. harshly, severely;
tristius respondere, Cic.
tristi = trivisti, v. tero.
tristictilus -a -um (dim. of tristis), some-
wliat sorrowful ; filiola, Cic.
tristifious -a -um (tristis and facio), caus-
ing sadness, Cic. poet.
tristimonla -ae, f. (tristis), sadness, melan-
choly, Auct. b. Afr.
tristis -e, sad, sorroivful, mournful, melan-
choly. I. Gen., A. Lit, of persons, tristis et
conturbatus, Cic; quos quum tristiores vidisset,
Cic. B. Transf., a, sad, gloomy; of the lower
world, Tartara, Verg.; poet., harsh of taste ;
suci, Verg. ; b, object., troubled, unfortunate,
disastrous ; tempora, Cic. ; ira, with disastrous
consequences, Hor.; sors, Cic; tristia ad recor-
dationem exempla, Cic. ; ncut. subst., triste
lupus stabulis, a disastrous thing, Verg. ; tristia
miscentur laetis, Ov. II. Esp., 1, of humour,
gloomy; a, = unfriendly, surly, morose, Cic;
natura, Cic ; vultus tristior, Cic ; b, = angry ;
dicta, Ov. ; 2, harsh, severe, rough; judex, Cic ;
triste et severum dicendi genus, Cic.
trlstltia -ae, f. (tristis). I. sadness, sorrow-
fulness, melancholy. A. Lit., Cic B. Transf.,
of things, sermonis, Cic. II. Esp., 1, ill-
humour, moroseness, Ov. ; 2, severity, sternness;
quod ille vos tristitia vultuque deceperit, Cic.
trisulcus -a -um (tres and sulcus), three-
fold, three-pointed, three-pronged; lingua ser-
pentis, forked, Verg. ; telum Jovis, lightning,
Ov. ; ignes, lightning, Ov.
trisyllabus -a -um (TpurvMaPot), trisyllabic,
Varr.
tritavus -i, m. (tres and avus). I. the father
of thi atavus or atava, Plaut. II. Transf.,'
remote ancestors, Varr.
triticeus (triticeius) -a -um (triticum), of
wheat, wheaten; messis, Verg.
triticum -i, n. wheal; granum tritici, Cic '
Triton -finis, m. (TpCrwv). I. Triton, son of
Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a deity of the
sea, represented with a horn made of a shell, which
he blew at the bidding of Neptune to raise or
appease the waves. II. A. a lake in Afi-ica, on the
smaller Syrtis, according to tradition the birth-
place of several deities, particularly of Pallas.
Hence, a, Tritoniacus -a -urn, = belonging to
Pallas; arundo, the tibia discovered by Pallas,
Ov. ; b, Tritonis -Wis, f. Tritonian; subst,
= Pallas, Verg. ; arx = the city of Pallas, Athens,
Ov.; pinus,_</i6 Argo, built at the order of Pallas,
Ov. ; c, Tritonius -a -um, Tritonian; subst.,
Tritonia = Pallas, Verg. B. o lake in Thrace
which had the power of changing into a bird any
one who bathed nine times in Us waters ; alse
called Tritoniaca palus, Ov. .-. ^;
tritor -6ris, m. (tero), a rubber, Plaut
■ tritura -ae, f. (tero), a treading out of corn,
threshing, Verg. ...... ....
1. tritus -a -um, p. adj. (from tero). L A.
much trodden, muah frequented ; J., lit, .iter,
Cic; 2, fig., of discourse, in common use, com-
mon, trite, well-known ,' facia'inus hoc prov.erbium
tritius, Cic. B. practised ; aures, Cic. ' II.
worn-out ; vestis; Hor. * ' .■•■ .".-*_. ^
2. tritus -Us, in.' (tero),' a rubbing t Cic. ■
tri
590
Tro
triumphalis -e (triumphus), of or relating
to a triumph, triumphal ; corona, of a triumph-
ing general,L\v. ; provincia, the conquest of which
has gained a triumph, Cic. ; porta, the gate
through which the triumphing general entered
Some, Cic. ; imagines, busts c/ ancestors who had
triumphed, Hor. ; triumphalia ornamenta, and
subst., triumphalia -lum, n. the decorations
of a triumphing general (corona aurea, toga picta,
tunica palraata, scipio eburneus, etc.), Tac. ;
senex, an old man who had had a triumph, Liv.
triumpho, 1. (triumphus). I. Intransit.,
to triumph, to have a triumph. A. Lit., de
Kuinantinis, Cic. ; ex Macedonia, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, to triumph, gain a victory ; amor de
vate triumphat, Ov. ; 2, to triumph, exult;
gaudio, Cic. ; laetaris in omnium gemitu et
triumphas, Cic. II. to triumph over, to conquer
completely ; pass., ne triumpharetur Mithridates,
Tac. ; triumphati Medi, Hor. ; auruiu trium-
jhatum, captured, Hor.
triumphus -i, ni., old form, triumpus
-1, m. (ter and pes), lit., a solemn dance (like
t'ripudium); hence, A. Lit., a triumphal pro-
cession, a triumph, granted by the senate to a
general and his army after an important victory,
when the general entered Rome in a car drawn by
white horses, clothed In a toga picta and tunica
palniatS, with a crown of laurel on his head,-
preceded by waggons carrying captives and
booty, and followed by the soldiers shouting " Io
triumphe!" and singing jocular songs ; alicui
triumphum decernere, Cic. ; triumphum tertium
deportare, Cic. ; triumphum agere, to triumph,
with genit. or de or ex and abl. of persons or
country over which the triumph was held,
Bojorum, Liv. ; ex Aequis, Liv. ; Pharsalicae
pugriae, Cic. ; de Ligunbus, Liv.- B. Transf.,
triumph, victory ; ut repulsam suam triumphum.
sunin duxermt, Cic.
triumvir -vlri, m. (tres and vir), a triumvir;
plur:, triumviri (also tresvlri, written III. viri).
X. coloniae deducendae, or agro dando, or agio
dividendo, or agris dividendis, or agro assign-
ando (or agrarii), commissioners for the formation
of a colonia and the division of land amorigst the
colonists; quum triumvir coloniam deduxisset,
Cic. II. triumviri capitales or carceris lautu-
miarum, superintendents of prisons, who also
looked after the execution of punishments ami
batched over the pxMic peace, Cic. III. trium-
: viri epulones, v. epulones. IV. triumviri men-
aarii, commissioners for the regulation of payments
from the exchequer, Liv. V. triumviri monetales
(auro, argento, aeri ttando, feriundo), the masters
of the mint, Cie. VI. triumviri (tres viri) rei-
publicae constituendae, Antonius, Lepidus,
Octavianus, who joined together to settle the state,
Suet. VII. commissioners for raising recruits,
Liv. VIII. triumviri sacris couquirendi3
donisque persignandis, commissioners for making
an. inventory of votive gifts, Liv. IX. commis-
sioners for repairing or rebuilding temples, Liv.
JC. magistrates in the municipia, Cic.
• triumviralis -e (triumvir), o/or relating to
a triumvir ; flagella (of the triumviri capitales),
Hor.
trfumviratua -tis, m. (trimnvir), the office
of a. triumvir; in trumviratu (sc. agrario), Cic.
trivSnefica -ae, f. (ter and veneflca), an
aroh-poisoiier or sorceress, Plaufc.
v Trivia, v. trivius.
:' trivialis -e (trivium), common, 'ordinary,
trivial; carmen, Juv.
trivium -li, n. (ter and via), a place where
three roads meet, Cic. ; tneton. , an open street,
Dublin place, Cic,
trivius -a -urn (trivium), honoured at three.
: ot -roads, name of deities who had chapeis at
cross-roads; dea, Prop., or virgo, Lucr., Diana
or Hecate; so absol., Trivia -ac, f., Verg.;
lacus Triviae, a lake in Latium, near Alicia.
now Lago di Nemi.
trixago (trissago) -Inis, f. a plant ccdlcd
germander, Plin.
Troaa -adis, v. Tros.
trochaous -i, m. (rpoxaios), 1, a trochee, a
metrical foot (-o), Cic. ; 2, = tribrachys (q.v.).
trochaicus -a -urn (rpoxa'iKoi), trochaic,
Quiut.
trochilus -i, m. (rpox^os), the golden-crested
wren, Plin.
trochlea (troclea) -ae, f. a set of blocks and
pulleys for raising weights, Lucr.
trochUS -i, m. (rpoxos), a boy's hoop, Hor.
Trocmi -orum, in. one of the three main stocks
of the Gaiatians in Asia Minor.
Troes, v. Tros.
Troezon -zenis, ace. -ze"na, f. (Tpoifrji-), an
old town in Argolis, residence of PUtheus, grand-
fatlier of Theseus. Hence, Troezenius -a -urn
(Tpoi£rji/tos), Troezenian; heros, Lelex, son of
PUtheus.
Troglodytae -arum, m. (Tpu>yXo5uT<xi), cave-
dwellers, name of the old inhabitants of the west
7- zfthe Arabian Gulf in Aethiopia.
T roiades, v. Tros.
Troicus, v. Tros.
TroilUS (-OS) -i, m. (TpciiAos), son of Priam,
taken prisoner before Troy, and strangled by order
of Achilles.-
. Troja, Trojanus, v. Tros.
Trojugena -ae. c. (Troja and gigno), born
in Troy, Trajan, Subst., Trojugena '-ae, m.
a Trojan. Plur.= the Trojans (genit. TrojugSn-
um), Verg., and = the Romans (descended from
Aeneas), Juv.
Tromentlna tribus, one of the tribus rus-
ticae.
tiopacum -i, n. (rpoiraiov), a trophy, a
monument of victory, originally consisting of
arms taken from the enemy hung on the stem
of a tree. I. A. Lit., tropaeum statuere or
ponere, to erect, Cic. B. Meton.= tfte victory;
Salamiiiium, Cic. II. Fig-= a memorial ; neces-
situdinis atque hospitii, Cic.
tropaeus -a -um {rponalo<;), turning back;
venti, blowing from the sea to the land, Plin.
Trophonius -li, m. (Tpo<J><imos). I. brother
of Agamedes, with whom he built the Delphic
oracle. II. a deity who gave prophetic answers
tc those who slept in his cave (near Lebadia, in
xioeotia). Hence, Trophonianus -a -um, of
or belonging to Trophonius.
tropis -is, f. (Tpon-tsX ^ lees of wine,
Mart.
tropus -i, m. (Tpoaos), a metaphor, trope,
figure of speech, Quint.
Tros, Trois, m. (Tpws), son of Erichthonius,
king of Phyrygia, after whom Troy was named.
Hence, Troja or Troia -ae, f. (Tpoi'a), the town
of Troy; 1, lit., Liv., Verg. ; 2, transf., a, the
town built by Aeneas in the Laurentine country,
Liv.; b, the town built by Helenus in Epirus, Ov.;
C, a Roman game played oil horseback, Verg.
Hence. A. Troius -a -um, Trojan. B. Tro-
janus -a -um, Trojan; judex, i.e., Paris, Hor.;
prov., equus Trojanus, a hidden danger, Cic. C.
Troicus -a -um, Trojan. D. Tros, Trois, m.
a Trojan ; plur., Troes -um, m. the Trojans.
Tro
591-
tue
E. Troas -ados, adj. fern., Trojan; subst., a
Trojan woman, Verg. F. Troiddos -um, f.
Trojan women.
Trosmis, ace. -min, f. a town in Moesia, Ov.
trossuli -drum, m. (perhaps an Etruscan
word for equites). I. a name given to the Roman
knights in active service, Varr. II. Transf., fops,
coxcombs, dandies, Sen.
troxallis -Mis, f. (rpofaXAt's), an animal re-
sembling a grasshopper, Pliu.
trucidatio -onis, f. (trueido). J. a slaughter-
ing, massacre ; civiuin, Cic. ; non pugna sed
trucidatio velut pecorum, Liv. jtl, a cutting
off, cutting to pieces, Pliu.
trucido, 1. to cut to pieces, slaughter, -mas-
sacre. I. A. Lit., cives Komanos, Cic. B.
Transf., a, to chew; seu pisces, seu porrum, seu
cepe, Hor. ; b, poet. = to extinguish; iynem,
Lucr. II. Fig., 1, to demolish (in words); a
Servilio trucidatus, Cic. ; 2, to ruin, destroy*
ne fenore trucidetur, Cic.
• truculenter, adv. (traculentus), fiercely,
ferociously; quod truculentius se ferebat quain
caeteri, Cic.
. truculentia -ae, f. (truculentus), 1, rough-
ness, sawgeness, ferocity, Plaut. ; 2, severity of
climate, Tac.
truculentus -a -um (trux), rough, ferocious,
savage, cruel. I. A. Lit., Cic. B. Transf., of
the voice, wild, Tac. II. Fig., A. Of character
or behaviour, unfriendly, wild, angry, furious;
feta. truculentior ursa, Ov. B. Transf., of the
sea, wild, disturbed, Cat.
trudls -is, f. a sharp stake, Verg.
trudo, trusi, trusum, 3. to push, shove, press.
I. Lit., A. Gen., apros in plagas, Hor. B. Esp.,
to push forth, to put forth buds; genunas, Verg.
II. Fig., to press, urge, force ; ad mortem trudi,
Cic. ; truditur dies die, one day presses hard on
another, Hor.
Truentum -i, n. a town in Picenum. Hence,
Truentinus -a -um, Truentine; Castrum =
Truentum, ap. Cic.
trulla -ae, f. (— truella, dim. of trua, a ladle).
I. a ladle for transferring wine from the bowl to
the cup, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a pan for carrying
live coals, Liv. ; 2, a washing-basin, Juv.
trulleum -i, a. and trulleus -i, m. a basin,
washing-basin, Varr.
trunco. 1. (truncus), to sl.orlen by cutting off,
maim, mutilate; simulacra, stutuas, Liv.
1. truncus -i, in. the stem or trunk of a tree.
I. Lit., meton. and fig. A. Lit. and meton.,
1, lit., Cic, Caes. ; trunci induti hostilibus
armis, i.e., tropaea, Verg.; 2, meton. = Me tree,
Hor. B. Fig., the stem, the main part; ipso
trunco (aegritudinis) everso, Cic. II. Transf.,
1, the trunk of the human body, Cic; 2, as a term
of reproach, blockhead, Cic.
2. truncus -a -um, maimed, mutilated, cut
short, dismembered. I. Lit, corpus, Liv. ;
truncae iuhonesto vulnere nares, Verg. ; frons
(Acheloi ainnis), deprived of its horns, Ov. ; tela,
broken off, Verg. ; with genit, animalia trunca
pedum, witliput feet, Verg. II. Transf., urbs
trunca, sine senatu, etc., Liv.
trusatilis -e (truso). of or relating topushina;
mola, a handmill, Cato.
truso, 1. (inteus. of trudo), to push violently,
Cat.
. trutina -ae, f. (jp-oravq), a balance, pair of
scabs ; in tig., ad ca probanda, quae non aurificis
slatcrvi, scd quadani populaii trutiua cxamin-
atur, Cic.
trutinor, 1. dep. (trutina), to weigh, Pers.
trux, trticis (connected with tor-vus), rough,
savage, fierce, ferocious, grim. I. Of look, oculi,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, of tones, wild, rough;
cantus, Ov. ; classicum, Hor.; 2, rough; a,
eurus, Ov. ; pelagus, Hor.; b, harsh, violent;
orator, Liv.; sententia, Liv.; 3, of character or
manner, wild, furious, threatening; tribunus
plebis, Cic.
tryblium -li, n. (rpv^ov), a dish, Plaut.
tryginon -i, n. (-rpvyivov), a black pigment
made from wine-lees, Pliu.
trygon -onis, m. ( T pvyu>i>), a fish, the sting-
ray, Pliu.
tu, prou. pers. (genit. tui, dat. tlbl, aec. te,
abl. te; plur. noin., vos ; genit., vestrum or
vostrum and vestri or vostri, dat. vobis, ace.
vos, abl. vobis), thou; plur., you. I. Gen., Cic;
strengthened, a, byte, tute, Cic; b, in oblique
cases by met, vosmet, Liv. II. Esp., A. Used
in the ethic dat., ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates,
Cic. B. Often with singular collective names,
vos, Roinanus exercitus, Liv. ; vos, o Calliope
(= Muses), Verg.
tuatim, adv. (tuus), in thine own way, aftct
thine own fashion, Plaut.
tuba -ae, f. (connected with tubus), the
straight war-trumpet of the Romans, used for
giving military signals. I. A. Lit., tubae sonus,
Caes. ; cornua ae tubae, Liv. ; tuba signum
dandum, Caes.; used also in religious festivities,
games, funeral processions, Hor., Verg., Ov.
B. Fig. = provoker ; belli civilis tubam quam
mi appellant, Cic. II. Meton., A. tear. Mart.
B. lofty epic poetry, Mart.
1. tuber -oris, n. (tumeo), a swelling, pro-
tuberance, hump. I. a, lit., cameli, Plin. ; b,
fig., tubera = great mistakes (opp. verrucae, little
blunders), Hor. II. Transf., 1, a knot in wood,
Plin. ; 2, a round, swelling root, Plin. ; 3. o '
truffle, Mart.; 4, tuber terrae ; a, the root of the
cyclamen, Plin.; b, molehill, as a term of abuse,
Petr.
2. tuber -Sris, a, m. a kind of apple-tree,
Plin. ; b, f. the fruit of this tree, Mart.
tuberciilum -i, n. (dim. of 1. tuber), a little
swelling, boil, tubercle, Plin.
tuberosus -a -um (tuber), full of'swellinc3
or protuberances, Varr.
tiibicen -liiis, m. (tuba and cano), a trum-
peter, Liv.
tubilustrium -li, n. (tuba and lustrum), a
feast of trumpets held March 23rd and May 23rd,
plur., Ov.
tiibulatus -a -um (tubulus), tubular, Pliu.
tubulus -i, in. (dim. of tubus), a little pipe.
tilburcinabundus -a -um (tuburcinor),
eating greedily, gobbling, Cato.
tuburcinor, 1. dep. to eai greedily, to gobble,.
Plaut.
tubus -i, m. a pipe, tube, water-pipe, Plin.
tuccetum (not tucetum) -i, n. a kind of
sausage common in Cisalpine Gaul, Pers.
tudito, 1. (intens. of tudo = tuudo), to strike
violently, strike often, Lucr.
tueo, 2. = tueor (q.v.).
tiieor, tiiitus and tutus sum, tfiSri, 2. dep. to
look at, behold, regard, see. I. Lit., naturam,
Cic; poet, with ncut. plur. of adj. used adverb-
ially, acerba, to look wild, Verg. II. Fig., A.
to regard; quod ego perinde tucbar, ac si usus'
essein, Cic. B. to look at with care or for the
pi^rposc of protection; 1, to care for, y>rotu:t, guard,
support ; coucordianij Cic. ; dignitatem suara,
tug
Cic. ; personam principis civls facile dieendo,
Cic. ; 2, esp., a, to defend, protect (willi .inns);
flues suoa ab excursiouibus, Cic. ; turrim milit-
ibus coinplevit tuendamque ad omncs repent-
inos casus tradidit, Caes. ; b ; with words, etc.,
annis prudentiae causas tuen et defendcre, Cic;
C, 1. 1. of business, to keep a house in good repair;
sarta tccta aediuin tueri, Cic. ; d, to keep, sup-
port, maintain; so, vitam corpusque, Cic;
sc ac buos, Li v.; sex legiones (re sun), Cic.
tugiiriurn -li, n. (for teguriuni, from tego), a
peasant's hut, cottage ; tugurium ut jam videatur
esse ilia villa, Cic.
tuitio -Snis, f. (tueor), a protecting, preserv-
ing ; sui, Cic.
TulliSla -ae, f. (dim. of Tullia), the pet name
of Tullia, Cicero's daughter.
TulllUS -a -urn, the name of a Roman family ;
1, Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome ; 2, a,
M. Tullius Cicero, the celebrated Roman orator
and statesman; b, his daughter, Tullia; c, his
brother, Qu. Tullius Cicero. Hence, Tulll-
anus -a -um, Tullian; subst., Tulllanum
-i, n. the underground part of a Roman state
prison, said to have been built by Servius Tullius.
tulo, tftli and tetrlli, 3. to bear, bring, Plaut.
tum, adv. of time. I. Expressing a point of
time which coincides with some other, gen.,
then, at that time; quum . . . tum, Cic. ; ubi . . .
tum, Ter. ; postquam . . . turn, Sail. ; made em-
phatic by the addition of demuni, Liv., denique,
Cic, vero, Cic; absol., Cic. II. Expressing a
point of time which is subsequent to some
other, then, thereupon; 1, lit., in ripn ambul-
antes, turn autem residentes, Cic; introducing
the words of a subsequent speaker, turn Scipio,
Cic; 2, transf., a, in numeral or logical suc-
cession, then, aftn-wards, in the next place; gigni
autem terrain, aquam, ignem, turn ex his omnia,
Cic; 'primum . . . turn, Cnes. ; primum . . .
deinde . . . tum . . . tum, Cic; b,as a correl.
conj., (a) turn . . . tum, at one time . . . at one
time, Cic ; (fi) quum . . . turn, if . . . then,
surely; as well . . . as; both . . . and especially ;
not only . . . but also, Cic, Caes.
tumSfacio -feci -factum, 3., pass., tumS-
f lO -factus sum -fieri (tumeo and facio), to cause
tn swell. I. Lit, huniuni, Ov. ; tumefactus
pontus, swollen, Ov. II. Fig., to puff vp with
pride, Prop.
tumeo, 2. to swell, be swollen, be puffed up.
I. Lit., corpus omne veneno, Ov. ; vere tument
terrae, Verg. II. Fig., 1, to swell, glow, boil
with passion or excitement; a, with anger;]
sapientis animus nunquam tumet, Cic.; b, with
pride; laudisamore, Hor.; c, to be in a ferment;
tument negotia, are in disorder, Cic. ; 2, of dis-
course, to be pompous, tumid, Tac
tumesco, ttimtti, 3. (inchoat. of tumeo), to
begin to swell, to swell. I. Lit., tumescit ■mare,
Verg. II. Fig., a, to swell with anger; ura
tumescunt, Ov. ; b, poet., transf., to begin to
break out ; tumescunt bella, Verg.
tumlde, adv. (tumidus), pompously, bom-
bastically, Sen.
tumidus -a -um (tumeo). I. swollen, puffed
vp, tumid. A. Lit., uieinbruni, Cic; mare,
Verg. B. Transf., 1, a, swollen, boiling, raging
with passion or excitement ; tumida ex ira turn
cord a residnnt, Verg.; b, swollen, puffed up with
pride ; tumidus successu, Ov. ; quum tuinidum
est (cor), puffed up with ambition, Hor. ; 2, of
discourse, pompous, tumid, bombastic; sermones,
Hor.; ssmio tumidior, Liv. II. Act. — causing
to swell; auster, Verg.; euri, Ov. ; fig., honor,
making vain, Prop.
592 tun
tumor -oris, m. (tumeo), a swelling, tumour.
I. Lit., oculorum, Cic. II. Transf., 1, a swell-
ing, commotion, excitement of tin- mind ; aniini,
Cic; esp., a, anger; tumor et ira douni, V. i^.;
b, pride; intempestivos compesce tumores, Ov.;
C, ferment, commotion ; rerum, Cic; 2, of dis-
course, bombast, Quint.
tumulo, 1. (tumulus), to cover with a mound,
to bury, Ov.
tumulosus -a -um (tumulus), /wH of mounds,
hilly, Sail.
tumultuarius -a -um (tumultus). I. hastily
brought together, suddenly levied; miles, Liv.
II. Transf., that which is done in a hurry or on
the spur of the. moment, sudden, hasty, disorderly ;
pugna (opp. justa), Liv. ; opus, Quint. ; dux,
chosen on the . , of the moment, Liv. ; castra,
Liv c
tumu!tuatlO -onis, f. (tumultuor), a confu-
sion, bitstle, tumult, Liv.
tumultuor, l. dep. and iirmultuo, 1.
(tumultus), to be tumultuous, confused, in an up-
roar, Cic. ; pass, inipers., in castris Romanorum
praeter consuetudinem tuinultuari, Caes.
tiimultu6se,adv. (tuinultuosus), con/H.wrf/;/,
tumultuously ; tumultuose excepta est (res) cla-
moribus, Liv. ; senatus tumultuosius consulitur,
Liv. ; lit hominem quam tumultuosissime adori-
antur, Cic.
tumultuosus -a -um (tumultus). X. alarmed,
disquieted, turbulent, tumultuous ; contio, Cic;
vita, Cic. ; mare, Hor. ; quod tumultuosissi-
mum pugnae erat paiumper sustinuit, Liv.
II. causing alarm or confusion ; nuntius, Liv.;
in otio tumultuosi, restless, Liv.
tumultus -Us, m. (tumeo), a noise, confusion,
uproar, bustle, tumult. I. Lit., 1, tantuni tuiuul-
tum iujicere civitati, Cic. ; tuinultum praebere,
Liv. ; sedare, Liv. ; 2, esp., a, the sudden breaking
out of war, insurrection, rebellion ; Italicus, Cic. ;
GallicusCic, Liv. ; tuinultum decernere, to order
a levy en masse, Cic ; b, in the air, crash, roar,
thunder, storm; Juppiter mens tumultu, Hor.;
C, rumbling in the body, Hor. II. Fig., mental
disturbance, commotion, excitement; mentis, Hor.
tumulus -i, m. (tumeo), a mound of earth,
hill. I. Gen., tumuli silvestres, Cic II. Esp.,
a mound' of earth as a monument for the dead;
tumulus Achillis, Cic. ; inanis, a cenotaph, Cic.
tunc, adv., denoting a point, of time which
corresponds with another. I. Gen., then; tunc
. . . quum, Cic. II. Esp., a fixed point of past
time, at that time, then, Cic.
tundo, tutiidi, tunsuni and ttisum, 3. tobcat,
strike repeatedly. I. Lit., A. Gen., converse
bacillo alicui oculos velienientissime, Cic. ; pec-
tora uianu, Ov. ; tunsae pectora (ace. of respect)
palinis, Verg. ; prov., tundere eandeni incudem,
to be always treating of the same subject, Cic. B.
Esp. to break to pieces in a mortar, Plin. II.
Transf., to deafen, importune; mires, Plant.;
assiduis hincatque illinu voeibus heros tunditur,
Verg.
Tunes -netis, in. a town on the coast of Africa
Propria, now Tunis.
Tungri -r)ram,m. n German people in modem
Liittich.
tunica -ae, f. I. the under garment worn by
both men and women, a tunic, Cic. II. Transf.,
a skin, coating, covering, peel; gemmae tenues
runipunt tunicas, Verg.
tiinicatus -a -um (tunica), clothed in a tunic,
Cic. ; esp., of the poorer classes, who wore only
a tunic (without a toga over it), tunicatus.
populus, Tac, or popellus, Hor. Subs*, p'ur.,
tunicati, Cic.
tun
593
Tur
tunicula (tunlcla) -ae, f. (dim. of tunica).
X. a little tunic, Cic II. Transf., a little mem-
brane ; oouloruin, Plin.
tuor = tueor(q.v.).
turariUS -a -urn (tus), of or relating to in-
cense, Plin.
turba -ae, f. (tv'pj3>j). I. the tumult, uproar,
disturbance, commotion causedby a crowd oj 'people;
quanta in turba vivereinus, Cic. ; maximas in
eastris effecisse turbas dicitur, Cic. II.Meton.,
a disorderly crowd, heap, swarm; 1, a, aliquem
videre in turba, Cic. ; b, esp. = vul.cus (con-
temptuously), the mob; admiratio vulgi atque
turbac, Cic"; 2, of deities, animals, and things,
Clirysippus magnam congregat turbam ignot-
oriun deorum, Cic. ; rerum, Ov.
turbamentum -i, n. (turbo), a means of
disturbance, Tac.
turbate, adv. (turbatus), confusedly; agun-
tiir omnia raptim atque turbate, Caes.
turbatio -onis, f. (1. turbo), disturbance, dis-
order, confusion, Liv.
turbator -oris, m. (1. turbo), a disturber,
stirrer-up, troubler; plebis, Liv.
turbatus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. turbo). I.
disturbed, perturbed, disordered ; mare, Liv. II.
Transf., a, disquieted, restless, troubled; volun-
tatcs populi, Cic; b, angered; exasperated;
Pallas, Verg.
turbellae -arum, f. (dim. of turba), tumult,
disorder, confusion, Plaut.
turben -Inis, n. (2. turbo), a whirlwind, Cat.
turbide, adv. (turbidus), confusedly, in dis-
order, Cic.
turbidus -a -um (turba), confused, disor-
dered, unquiet, wild. I. Lit., a, of weather,
tempestas, Cic; b, of water, turbid, troubled;
aqua, Cic; C, of hair, disordered; coma, Ov.
II. Transf., 1, mentally disturbed, disordered,
disquieted; Aruns, Verg.; pectora turbidiora
mari, Ov. ; turbid um laetari, with confused fear,
Hor. ; 2, excited, vehement, angry; a, of per-
sons, sic turbidus inflt, Verg. ; b, of things,
unquiet, agitated; res, Cic. Subst, turbidum
-i, ii. a troubled time, disquiet; in turbido, Liv.;
si turbidiora sapienter ferebas, tranquilliora
laete feras, Cic ; 3, causing disturbance; homo,
milites, Tac.
turbinatio -onis, f. (turbinatus), a pointing
in the form of a cone, Plin.
turbinatus -a -um (2. turbo), cone-shaped,
conical, Plin.
turbmeus -a -um (2. turbo), shaped like a
top, Ov.
1. turbo, 1. (turba), to disturb, throw into dis-
order or confusion. L Lit, A. Gen., mare,
aequora, Cic; transf., with Gr. ace, turbatus
capillos, with disordered hair,Ov. B. Esp., a,
to bring a mass of men into disorder, to throw into
disorder ; esp., milit. t.t., ordines, aciempeditum,
Liv. ; absol. = to cause disorder ; ferae ita ruunt
atque turbant ut, etc., Cic; milit. t.t. (equites)
Uiodice primo impetu turoavere, Liv. ; b, to
trouble water, etc., make turbid; pedibus maui-
busque laous, Ov. II. Transf., to bring into
confusion, to disturb. A. Gen., contiones, Liv. ;
delectuin atque oidinem, Cic. ; ne quid ille
turbet, vide, Liv. B. Esp., 1, to bring ones
affairs into confusion, become bankrupt, Juv. ; 2,
to incite restless, disturb, alarm, confuse ; mentem
dolore, Verg. ; 3, to cause a political disturbance,
to unsettle, stir up; Macer in Africa haud dubie
turbans, Tac. ; impers., si in Hispaniaturbatum
esset, Cic (archaic fut. perf. pass,, turbassitur,
ap. Cic). • . •' -
2. turbo -Inis, in. I. anything that turns
round in a circle, an eddy.- A. Of the wind, a
whirlwind, hurricane; 1, lit., a, Cic; b, the
eddy vwdeby a whirlwind, 'V 'erg. ; 2, tig-, storm ;
in turbinibus reipublkae, Cic ; mentis turbine
agar, Ov. ; til procella patriae, turbo ac tem-
pestas pacis atque otii, Cic B. a top, a 'play-
thing for boys; 1, lit, Cic; 2, transf., an ob-
ject of the shape of atop; turbine crescit (bucina)
ab imo, in a circular form, Ov. ; esp., a, a reel,
Hor. ; b, a spindle, Cat. II. motion in the shape
of an eddy ; of smoke, Verg. ; circular course of
a missile ; celeri ad terrain turbine fertur, Verg. ;
fig., non niodo militias turbine factus eques,
by going through the different grades, Ov.
turbulente and turbiilentor, adv. with
compar. and superl. (turbulentus), turbuloUly,
tumultously; nos nihil turbulenter, nihil temere
faciamus, Cic; egitdeCaepioneturbulentius.Cic.
turbulentus -a -um (turba), restless, stormy,
boisterous. I. Lit, tempestas, Cic ; concursio,
Cic. II. Fig., A. Pass. = stormy, disturbed;
respublica, Cic; animus, Cic. B. Fig., a,
causing disturbance, restless; civis, Cic. ; b, coii-
fusing ; errores, Cic.
turda, v. turdus.
turdarium -ii, n. (turdus), a place where
thrushes are kept, Varr.
Turdetani -Ornm, m. a people in Hispania
Bactica, near modern Seville. Hence, Turde-
tania-ae, f. the country of the Turdetani.
Turduli -orum, m. a people in Hispanin
Baetica. Hence, TurdiilU8-a -um, Turdul.ian.
turdus -i. m. andturda -ae, f. I. a thrush,
Hor. II. a kind offish, Plin.
tureus -a -um (tus), of or relating to incense;
dona, Verg.
turgeo, 2. I. to swell up, be swollen ; frumenta
turgent, Verg. II. Fig., of discourse, to be
pompous, turgid; professus grandia turget, Hor.
turgesco (inchoat. of turgeo), 3. to begin
to swell, swell up. I. Lit, semen turgescit m
agris, Ov. II. Transf., to swell, be excited with
passion ; sapieutis animus nunquani turgescit,
Cic
turgidulus -a -um (dim. of turgidus), some-
wlmt swollen; flendo turgiduli ocelli, Cat.
turgidus -a -um (turgeo), sv:ollen, turgid.
I. Lit, membrum, Cic. II. Fig., turgid, bom-
bastic ; Alpinus (a poet), Hor.
Turia -ae, f. a river in Hispania Tarracon-
ensis, now Gnadalaviar. Hence, Turlensis -e,
Turian; proelium (in the Sertonan war), Cic. ,
turlbiilum -i, n. (tus), a censer for burning
incensCj Cic.
turicremus -a -um (tus and cremo), burn-
ing with incense ; arae, Verg.
turlfer -f8ra -fe>um (tus and fero), producing
incense ; Indus, Ov.
turflegus -a -um (tus and lego), collecting in-
cense, Ov.
turma -ae, f. (connected with turba). I. o
troop of cavalry containing thirty men, the tenth
vart ot an ala, a squadron, Cic. II. Transf., a
troop, throng; in turma inaurataruin equestrinm
(sc stetuarum), Cic; Gallica (of the rriests of,
Isis), Ov.
turmalis -e (turma), of or relating to a
troop or sipuidron. Subst, turmales -luni,
in. the men of a squadmn, Liv.
turmatlm, adv. (turma), troop by troop, in
troops, Caes., Sail. - •*
Turnus -i, m, king of the Rutuli, killed 6j
Aeneas. • ; - ' - ; - -' — — - •
Tur
594
Tyb
Tiirones -urn, in. and Tiironi -oruni, m.
a people in Gallia Lugdunensis, near modern
Tours.
turplculus -a -um (dim. of turpis), sow-
wliat ugly or deformed. I. Lit., nasus, Cat. II.
Fig., res turpiculae et quasi deformes, Cic.
' turpif icatus -a -um (turpis and facio), made
foul, corrupted; animus, Cic.
turijilucricupldus -a -um (= turpis lucrl
cupidus) = alcrxpoKep8rjs, greedy after base gain,
Plant
turpis -e, ugly, foul, unsightly, filthy. I.
Lit., aspectus, Cic. ; turpia membra flmo,
Verg. ; pes, Hor. II. Fig., in a moral sense,
disgraceful, shameful, base, dishonourable, in-
famous ; fuga, Cic. ; quid turpius ? Cic. ; homo
turpissimus, Cic. ; with 2. supine, turpe factu,
Cic. Subst, turpe -is, n. a disgrace; habere
quaestui rempublicam turpe est, Cic.
turpiter, adv. (turpis), foully, in an ugly,
unsightly manner. I. Lit., claudicare, Ov. ; de-
sinere iu piscem, Hor. II. Fig., disgracefully,
scandalously, basely, dishonourably, infamously;
facere, Cic; fugere, Caes.; turpius ejicitur, quam
non admittitur hospes, Ov. ; in deorum opinione
turpissiine labitur, Cic.
" turpftudo -Inis, f. (turpis), ugliness, un-
sightliness. I. Lit., Cic. II. Fig., turpitude,
iaseness, disgrace, infamy, dishonour ; niaxiinam
turpitudinem suscipere vitae cupiditate, Cic. ■
nulla conditione banc turpitudinem subire,
Gic. ; plur., flagitiorum ac turpitudinutn societas,
Cio.
turpo, 1. (turpis), to make ugly, befoul, defile.
I. Lit., capillos sanguine, Verg. II. Fig., to
disgrace, dishonour; oruamenta, Cic; castra
urbanae seditionis contagione, Liv.
.. turricula -ae, f. (dim. of turris), a little
tower, turret; transf., a dice-box, Mart.
tui'riger -gSra -gSrum (turris and gero),
tower -bearing ; urbes, Verg.; hence au epithet
Qf Cybele, who was represented with a crown
of towers (the earth with its towers personified);
Cybele, Ov. ; dea, Cybele, Ov. ; Ops, Ov.
turris -is, f. (nippi?, rvprni), a tower. A. Gen.,
Cic. B. Esp., 1, in war, a tower with which walls
and camps were strengthened; -turris latericia,
Caes. ; or, a tower of wood for attacking towns,
Cic. ; or, a tower full of armed soldiers, borne by
elephants, Liv. ; 2, a dove-cote, Ov.
■ turritus -a -um (turris). I. furnished with
towers ; moenia, Ov. ; turrita, as an epithet of
Cybele, Prop. ; Berecyntia mater, Verg. II.
Poet, transf., tower-like, towering high; scopuli,
Verg.
tursio -Onis, m. a species of dolphin or por-
poise, Plin.
turtur -uris, m. a turtle-dove, Verg.
turturilla -ae, f. (dim. of turtur), a little
turtle-dove, Sen.
turunda -ae, f. (perhaps = terenda, from
£ero). X. a pellet for fattening poultry, Varr. II.
a roll of lint, Cato.
tus (thus), turis, n. (fluos), incense, frank-
incense; tus incendere, Cic.
Tusci -5rum, m. the Tuscans, Etruscans, in-
habita\!s of Etruria. Hence, adj., TuSCUS
ra-um, Etruscan; amnis, the Tiber, Verg.; dux,
Mezentius, Ov. ; eques, Maecenas, Verg. ; vicus,
a street in Borne, Liv. ; semeD, spelt, Ov.
• Tusculanus, v. Tuscuuun.
1. tusculum -i, n. (dim. of tus), a little in-
txnse, Plaut.
2. Tusculum -i, ii. an old low\ in L^iium,
now Frascati. Hence, A. Tusciilus -a -um,
Tusadan. B. Tusculanus -a -um, Tuscu-
Ian; plur. subst., Tusculani -drum, m. the
inhabitants of Tusculum. Tusculanum -i, n.
(sc. rus or praedium), an estate of Cicero's near
Tuscuhim.
tussllago -Inis, f. the plant coltsfoot, Plin.
tussio, 4. (tussis), to have a cough, to cough;
male, Hor.
tussis -is, ace. -im, f. a cough, Verg.
tutamen -inis, n. (tutor), a defence, protec-
tion, Verg.
tutamentum -i, n. (tutor), defence, protec-
tion, Liv.
tute, adv. (tutus), safely, securely; in vadis
consistere tutius, Caes.
tutela -ae, f. (tueor). I. protection, guard,
charge. A. Gen., 1, lit., tutelam januae gerere,
Plaut. ; cuius in tutela Athenas esse volueruut,
Cic; 2, meton., a, act., protector, guardian;
templi, Ov. ; b, pass., the person or thing pro-
tected ; virginum priiuaepuerique clans patribus
orti, Deliae tutela deae, Hor. B. Esp., a, guard-
ianship, tutelage; in alicuius tutelam veuire,
Cic; judicium tutelae, Cic; b, the property of ths
ward; legitima, Cic. II. a keeping, care, man-
agement; villaruni, Plin.
tutelarius -Ii, m. (tutela), a keeper ; tute-
larii, the keepers of a temple, Plin.
tuticus, v. meddix.
tuto, adv. (tutus), safely, securely ; esse, Cic;
dimicare, Caes. ; with ab and the abl., ab in-
cursu, Caes.; superl., tutissimo, at the safest;
non quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem, Cic.
1. tutor -Oris, m. (for tuitor, from tueor). I,
a protector ; iinium, Hor. ; religionum, Cic. II.
the guardian of a woman, a minor, or imbecile
person; a, lit., aliquein tutoiem institueie, Cic;
tutorem esse alicuius or alicui, Cic; b, tig.,
eloqutntiae quasi tutoies, Cic.
2. tuto, 1. and tutor, 1. dep. (Intens. of
tueor). I. to protect, preserve, watch, keep;
domum, Verg. ; oculos ab inferiore parte, Cic. ;
urbem muris, Liv. ; se adversus injusta anna,
Liv. II. to ward off; pericula, Sail. ; inopiain,
Caes.
tutulus -i, m. a particular mode of dressing
the hair, by gathering it into a high knot at the
back of the head; esp. used by the flamen and
his wife, Varr.
tutUS -a -um, p. adj. (from tueor). I. safe,
secure, out of danger ; res, Cic. ; tutiorem vitam
honiinum reddere, Cic. ; medio tutissimus ibis,
Ov. ; tutus ab hostibus, Caes. ; subst., tutu fa
-i, n. a safe place, safety ; esse in tuto, Cic. ; ali-
quein (aliquid) in tuto collocaro ; tutum est,
with infin., Caes. II. watchful, cautious; con-
silia, Liv.
tiiue -a -um, pron. poss. (tu), thy, thine. I.
Subject., A. Gen., tua bona, Cic; subst, tui,
thy 'friends, people, party, Cic. ; tuum est, it is
thy custom, it is thy duty, Plaut., Ter. B.
favourable to thee; tempore tuo pugnasti, Liv.
II. Object. = to thee, towards thee; desiderio tuo,
for you, Cic.
tuxtax, whack, whack, onoraatop. imitation
of the sound of blows, Plaut.
Tyana -Orum, n. (Tvava), a town in Cappa-
decia, at the foot of Mount Taurus. Hence,
T^aneius -a -um, of or belonging to Tyana.
Tyba -ae, f. a town on. the borders of Syria,
now Taibe.
Tybris = Tiberis (q.v.).
Tybur - Tibur (q.v.).
Tyo
595
ubi
Tycha -ae, f. (Tvx»i), a part of the town of
Syracuse, in Sicily, with a temple to Fortune,
wlw.ee the name.
Tychius -li, m. (Tvx'os). a celebrated Boeotian
worker in leather.
Tydeols -8i and -Sos, in. (TvSeu's), son of
Oeneus, father of Diomedes. Hence, Tydldes
•ae, m. (Tv<5ei'5rjs), tliesonofTydeus,i.e., Diomedes.
tympanltlcus -i, m. (TvunaviTucos), one who
has the dropsy, Plin.
tympanium -ii, n. (Tv^ndviov), a drum-
shaped pearl, Plin.
tympanizo, 1. (ivniruvi^), to play the tam-
bourine or kettle-drum, Suet.
tympanotrlba -ae, m. (Tvp.7ravoTpi'/3t)s), a
tambourine-player, Plaut.
tympanum -i, n. (Tvp.n-ai«>i<), a tambourine,
kettle-drum (esp. used by the priests of Cybele).
I. Lit , Vera, II. Transf., a drum or wheel for
raising weights, Verg., Lucr.
Tyndareus -§i, in. (Tw&apfos), king of
Sparta, husband of Leda, father of Castor and
Pollux, Helen and Clytemnestra. Hence, A.
Subst., Tyndarldes -ae, m. a male descendant
of Tyndareus ; Tyndaridae, Castor and Pollux,
Cic B. Tyndaris -idis, f. a female descendant
of Tyndareus, Helen, Verg. , Ov., Clytemnestra, Ov.
1. Tyndaris, v. Tyndareus.
. 2. Tyndaris -idis, f. (Jw&apls), a town on
t)ie north coast of Sicily, possessing a celebrated
statue of Mercury, which was taken by the Cartha-
ginians and restored by Scipio Africanus the
Younger. Hence, Tyndaritanus -a -urn, of
Tyndaris.
. Tynes -etis, m. (Tvit)s), a town in Zengitana,
now Tunis.
' Typhoeus -eos, m. (Tv#coev's), a giant who
tried to force Jupiter from heaven, and was
for punishment buried beneath Aetna. Henee,
A. Typhqius -a -tun, of ox belonging to Typhoeus.
B. Typhois -Idos, of or belonging to Typhoeus;
Aetna, Ov.
' 1. Typhon -Onis, m. (Tv<t><ov), another name
of the giant Typhoeus.
2. typhon -onis, m. (rv<pu>v), a whirlwind,
hurricane, typhoon, Plin.
typus -i, m. (tvito5), a figure on a wall, Cic.
tyrannlce, adv. (tyrannicus), tyrannically,
despotic dly ; ea quae regie sen potius tyrannice
statuit in aratores, Cic.
. tyrannicida -ae, c. (tyrannus and caedo),
the slayer of a tyrant, a tyrannicide, Plin.
tyrannicidium -H, n. (tyrannicida), the
slaying of a tyrant, Sen.
• tyrannicus -a -urn (rupavvticot), tyrannical ;
leges, facinus, Cic.
Tyrannio -onis, m. a Greek grammarian and
geographer, who came to Rome as a captive in the
Mithridatic War, and taught the children and
arranged the library of Cicero.
tyrannis -idis, f. (rvpawis), the supremacy of
a tyrant, tyranny; vivit tyrannis, tyrannus
oceidit, Cic. ; tyrauuidem delere, Cio.
tyrannoctonus -i, m. (■mpai'j'OKToVos). the
slayer of a tyrant, Cic.
tyrannus -i, m. (rvpawos, Dor. for Koipavoi),
lord, master. L Gen., an absolute ruler,
prince, lord ; of Aeneas, Verg. ; Phrygius, Lao-
medon, Ov. ; of Neptune, as ruler of the sea,
Ov. II. Esp., of one who in a free state gains
supremo power and overthrows the constitution
Of the state, a usurper, despot , tyrant; clemens
tyrannus, Cic.
Tyras -ae, m. (Tu'pa?). a river in Sarmatia,
now the Dniester.
tyrianthina -Oram, u. (rvpia.v8ivo<;), violet-
coloured garments, Mart.
Tyrius, v. Tyros.
tyrotarichum -i, m. (™porapixos), a dish
of cheese and salt-fish, Cic.
Tyrrheni -dram, m. (Tvppnvot.), tlie Etrus-
cans, the people who inhabited the country north
of Latium. Hence, A. Tyrrhenia -ae, f.
Etiuria. B. Tyrrhenus -a -am, Etruscan;
corpora, the sailors whom Bacchtts turned into
dolphins, Ov. ; so inonstra, Ov. ; rex, Mezentius,
Ov. ; mare, aequor, the part of the Mediterra-
nean between Italy and Corsica and Sardinia,
Verg., Liv. ; subst., Tyrrhenus -i, m. an
Etruscan.
Tyrrhidae -arum, m, the sons of Tyrrhus,
the lierdsmen of king I.atinus.
Tyrus (-6s) -i, f. (Tvpos), Tyre, a city of
Phoenicia, famous for its purple; hence, adj.,
Tyrius -a -urn, a, Tyrian; puella, Europa,
daughter of the Tyrian king Agenor, Ov.; subst.,
Tyrli -orum, m. the inhabitants of Tyre; b,
metou. = purple ; vestes, Hor. ; colores, Or. ;
C, transf. = Carthaginian ; urbs, Carthage,
Verg.; subst., Tyrii -orum, m. the Tyrians.
u.
Uu, originally written V, v, the 20th letter of
the Latin alphabet, corresponds with the
Greek upsilon (V, v). ' It is frequently inter-
changed with i, as optimus, opttunus, satira,
satura, etc.
1. Uber -Sris, n. (outJap). I. an udder, pap,
teat, breast ; ubera praebere, Ov. ; adniovere,
Verg. II. Transf., a, richness, abundance, fer-
tility ; fertilis ubere ager, Ov. ; b, poet.i a
fruitful field, Verg.
2. uber -6iis ; r ich, abounding in anything,
fertile, fruitful, productive, abundant, copious.
I. Lit., a, seges spicis uberibus, Lucr. ; uberior
solito (of a river), fuller than usual, Ov. ; arbor
niveis uberrima pomis, Ov. ; b,full of matter ;
uberiores litterae, Cic. II. Fig., quis uberior
in dieendo Platoue ? Cic. ; uberrima suppliciti-
onibus triumphisque provincia, Cic. ; ubeniiuue
artes, Cic.
uberms, superl., uberrime.adv. (2. uber).
I. more abundantly, more copiously ; provenit
seges, Ov. II. Fig., more copiously, more at
length; disputare, Cic.
ubertas -atis, f. (2. uber), fruitfidness, fer-
tility, copiousness, abundance. I. Subject., pro-
ductiveness ; a, lit., agrorum, Cic; b, fig.,
utilitatis, Cic. II. Object., abundance, plenty;
a. lit., frugum, Cic. ; b, fig., improborum, Cic;
plur., ubertates virtutis et copiae, Cic.
ubertlm, adv. (2. uber), abundantly, copious-
ly; fundere lacrimas, Cat.
uberto, 1. (ubertas), to make fruitful, Plin.
ubi (old archaic form cubi), where. I. Lit.,
a, omnes, qui turn eos agros, ubi hodie est haec
urbs, incolebant, Cic. ; ubi tyrannus est, ibi,
etc., Cic. ; with particle nam, in qua non video
ubinam mens constans et vita beata possit insis-
tere, Cic; with genit, terrarum, loci, e.g., quid
ageres, ubi terrarum esses, Cic. ; b, in direct
questions, where.? ubi sunt qui Antowuvn Graces
ubi
596
ult
negant scire? Cic. II. Trnnsf., A. Of time,
whin, as soon as ; quern ubi vidi, equidem vim
lacriniarum profudf. Cic; ubi do eius adventu
Helvetii certiores facti sunt, lpgatos ad eum
mittunt, Caes. ; with primum, at hostes, ubi
priinuni nostros equites conspexerunt, Caes.
B. wlierein, whereby, in which, by which, etc.;
est, ubi id isto modo valeat, Cic. C. ubi ubi
=-■ ubicumque, wherever ; facile ubi ubi essent se
conversuros aciem, Liv.
ubioumquS (tibicunquet, adv. wherever,
ivheresoettr, I. Relat., ubicumque erimus, Cic;
with gdiit., ubicumque gentium or terraruni,
Cic. II. Indef., anywhere, everywhere; malum
est ubicumque, Hor.
Ubii -drum, m. a German people who, in
Caesar's time, dwelt on the east bank of the Rhine
near Cologne. Adj., UblUS -a -um, Ubian.
iibllibet, adv. anywhere you please, every-
where, Sen.
, ubinam, v. ubi.
ubiquaque (sc. parte), wherever, Ov.-
ubique, adv. wherever, wheresoever, every-
v>here ; omnes qui ubique sunt, or sunt nati, all
in the world, Cic.
ubivis, wherercr you will, anywhere, every-
where, Cic.
tJCtilegdn -onis, m. name, of a. Trojan; jam
proximus ardet Ucalegon, the house of Ucalegnn,
Verg.
udo -onis, m. a fur shoe or sock, Mart.
udus -a -um (contr. from uvidus). I. Lit.,
wet, moist; paludes, Ov. ; oculi, tearful, Ov. ;
aleator, drunken, Hor. II. Transf., soft, bending,
yielding; argilla, Hor.
Ufens -tis, m. I. a small river in Latium;
hence, tJfentmus a -uui, Ufentine. II. a
commander of the Acqui.
ulceratlo -Cinis, f. (ulcero), a sore, ulcer,
ulceration, Plin.
ulcero, 1. (ulcus), to make sore, to ulcerate.
I. Lit., mantics cui hunbos onere ulceret.Hor. ;
noinlum ulcerato Pbilocteta. morsu serpentis,
Cic. II. Fig., jecur, to wound the heart, Hor.
ulcerosus -a -unj (ulcus), full of sores, ulcer-
ated, ulcerous. I. a, lit., facies, Inc.; b, tra;': . ,
of trees, full of knots. II. Fig., jecur, wounded
by love, Hor.
ulciscor, ultna sum, ulcisci, 3. dep. I. to take
vengeance for some oik 1 , to avenge ; patrem, Cic. ;
se, Cic. II. to take vengeance on some one, to
punish; a, with ace. of person, aliquem, Cic,
Caes. ; b, with ace. of thing, scelns, Cic. ; in-
jnriaiii, Cic. (ulcisci, ultus, pass., quidquid sine
sanguine civium ulcisci nequitur, Sail. ; quae
defundi repetique et ulcisci fas sit, Liv.).
ulcus -fris, n. (fAxot), a sore, ulcer, I. a,
lit., Verg. ; b, transf., tin excrescence on trees,
Plin. II. Fig., ulcus (of love) eiiim viveseit et
inveterascit alendo, Lucr. ; quidquid horum
attigeris, ulcus est, Cic.
uleusculum -i, n. (dim. of ulcus), a little
•ulcer, Sen.
ulox -Icis, m. a shrub resembling rosemary,
Plin.
Uliglndsus -a -um (uligo), wet, damp, moist,
marshy, Varr.
ullgo -Inis, f. (for uviligo, from *uveo),
moisture of the soil, wetness of the earth ; uligines
pallidum, Tac.
Ullxes -is, m. Latin name (after Etruscan
Ulnxe or Sicilian OvAif >u) for 'OJv.T-reus, son of
Laertes, husband of Penelope, father of Tclemachns,
king of Ithaca, famed, for his cunning and for his
wanderings after the siege of Troy (genit., Ulix<5i,
Hor., Ov. ; ace, Ulixen, Hor., Ov.).
UllUS -a -um, genit. ullius, dat. ulli (dim. of
unus, for unulus), any, gen. used in negative
and hypothetical .sentences. I. Adj., sine ulla
dubitatione, Cic; neque ullam in partem dis-
pnto, for or against, Cic. ; neque ullam picturam
fuisse, quin eonquisicrit, Cic. II. Subst., a,
m. any one, Cic; h ? n. anything; nemo ullius
llisi fugae nienior, Liv. (ullius, Cat., Verg., Ov.).
ulmarium -li, n. (ulmus), a nursery or plan-
tation of elms, Plin.
Ulmeus -a -um (ulmus), of or relating to the
elm, made of elm-wood , Plant.
ulmitriba -ae, m. (ulmus and rpipu>, tero),
lit., an elm-rubber ; in jest, one who has often been
beaten with elm-rods, Plaut.
ulmus -i, f. the elm, Verg.
Ulna -ae, f. (uAeVi)), the elbow. I. 1, lit.,
Plin. ; 2, metou., the arm ; ulnis aliquem tollere,
Ov. II. Transf., a, as a measure of length, an,
ell, Verg. ; b, as much as a man can span with
both arms, Plin.
ulpicum -i, n. a kind of leek, Cato.
uls (archaic ouls) and ultis, on the other side
of, beyond, Varr.
ulter -tra -train, compar., ulterior ;
superl., ultimus. I. Posit., ulter -tea -trum,
not found except in the adverbial forms ultra,
ultro. II. Compar., ulterior -ius, genit. -oris,
on the other side, further, beyond, ulterior. A.
Lit., Gallia, Gaul onthe other, i.e., the north side
of the Alps, Cic; equitatus, placed at a greater
distance, Caes. B. Transf., a, distant, past,
farther ; ulteriora mirari, Tac. ; ulterioia pudct
docuisse, Ov. ; b, farther, wvrse ; quo quid
ulterius privato timendum foret? Liv. III.
Superl., ultimus -a -um, the most, distant,
furthest, extremist, last. A. Lit., of space, 1,
luna, quae ultima a caelo est, Cic; subst., a, m.,
recessum prirni ultimis lion dabant, Caes. ; b,
n., caelum, quod extremum atqne ultimum mundi
est, Cic. ; ultima signant, the goal, Verg. ; 2,
partitive for ultima pars, in ultimam provinciam,
into the most distant part, of the province, Cic. B.
Transf., 1, in time or succession, the most
'. ' .-font, remotest, the last, final; tempus, anti-
■ ;iiitas, Cic; principium, Cic; lapis, o grave-
stone, Prop. ; adv., ad ultimum. to the last, Liv. ;
or (oftener), lastly, finally, Liv.; ultimum, for
the lust ti>ne, Liv. ; 2, in rank or degree ; a, the
highest, greatest ; natdra, Cic. ; suppjiciuin, capi-
tal punishment., Caes.; subst., ultimum -i, n.
the greatest, the extremest, and, in a bad sense,
the worst; ultima audere, Liv.; ultimum bon-
orum, the highest good, Cic; adv., ad ultimum,
utterly, entirely ; ad ultimum demens, Liv.; b,
the meanest, lowest; laus, Hor.; subst., (a) in.,
in ultimis militum, Liv.; (fi) n., in ultimis
laudum esse, Liv.
ulterius. I. Neut. of ulterior, v. ulter. II.
Adv., v. ultra.
ultimus, v. ulter.
ultlO -flnis, f. (ulciscor), an avenging, punish-
ing, revenging, revenge ; ultionem petere, Liv. ;
with object, genit., viola tae per vim pudicitiae,
Liv.
ultis = uls Cq.V.).
ultor-oris, m. (ulciscor), a it avenger, punisher;
injuriarum, Cic; attrib., deus ultor = Anteros,
Ov. ; as a surname of Mars, Ov.
ultra, sc. parte (from ulter). I. Adv.,
posit., on the other side of; 1, lit., cis Padum
ultraque, Liv.; 2, transf., of that which is
beyond a certain limit, beyond, further; a, in
space, (u) lit., ultra neque curae neque gaudio
ult
697
unc
locum esse, Sail. ; (fi) flg., farther, beyotid ; estne
Illiquid ultra, quo progredi erudelitas possit?
Cic; foil, by quaui, quod ultra quain satis est,
Cic; b, of time, farther; nee ultra bellum
dilatum est, Li v. ; compar., ulterius, further ;
(a) lit, ulterius abit, Ov. ; (0) tig., ulterius ne
tende odiis, Verg. II. Prep, with ace, 1, of
space, beyond, on the further siiie of; ultra
Silianam villain, Cic. ; 2, transf., a, of time,
beyond ; ultra biennium, Tac. ; b, of number or
measure, beyond, more than; modum, queni
ultra progredi non oportet, Cic; ultra vires,
Verg. (ultra sometimes put after its case, quern
ultra, Cic).
ultrix -Icis, f. (ultor), avenging; Dirae, the
Furies, Verg.
ultro (sc. loco, from ulter), adv. on the other
side. I. Lit., on the other side, beyond; gen.,
with citro, up and down, on both sides ; ultro et
citro cursare, Cic. IL Transf., a, away, off;
ultro istum a me ! Plaut. ; b, besides, moreover ;
ultroquc iis sumptum intulit, Cic. ; c, of one's
own accord, spontaneously, voluntarily ; ultro se
offerre, Cic ; improbos ultro lacessere, Cic. ;
hence, ultro tributa, money which the treasury
had to expend every year on jntblic buildings, Liv.
ultroneus -a -urn (ultro), of one's own accord,
voluntarily, Sen.
ultrotributa, v. ultro.
Ulubrae -arum, a place in Latium, near the
Pontine Marshes. Hence, Ulubranus -a -um,
Ulubran.
ulula -ae, f. (lit., the screeching one (fin. avis),
from ululo), a screech-owl, Verg.
ulfilatus -ils, m. (ululo), a howling, wailing,
shrieking, yelling ; ululatus nocturni, Liv.
Ululo, 1. (connected with b\o\v£io). I. In-
transit., to howl, yell; a, lit., of living beings,
Tisiplione ululavit, Ov. ; ululanti voce, Cic. ; b,
transf., of places, to re-sound with hoivling ; cavae
plangorinus aedes femineis ululant, Verg. II.
Transit., to call upon with howling ; nocturnis
Hecate triviis ululata per urbem, Verg.
Ulva -ae, f. sedge, Verg.
Ulysses = Ullxes (q.v.).
umbella -ae, f. (dim. of umbra), a parasol,
Juv.
Umber, v. Umbri.
umbilicatus -a -um (umbilicus), shaped
like a navel, Plin.
umbilicus -i, m. (o^oAik), the navel. I.
Lit., Liv., Ov. II. Meton., the middle, centre of
anything; 1, gen., Siciliae, Cic; terrarum,
Delphi, Cic ; 2, esp., a, the end of a roller on
■which a MSI. was rolled, Cat. ; fig., inceptos
iambos ad umbiliciini adducere, bring to the end,
Hor. ; b, transf., the index of a sun-dial, Cic. ;
C, a kind of sea-snail, Cic.
umbo -onis, in. (a^uv). I. the boss in the
centre of a shield; summus clipei umbo, Verg.;
hence, inaton., a shield; saliguae nmbonum
crates, Verg. II. the elbow, Mart. III. the full
part or swelling of a garment; meton., a toga,
Pers.
umbra -ae, f. a shade, shadow. I. A. Lit.,
arboris, Cic; prow, umbras timere, tobefrightened
at shadows, Cic. B. Transf., shade; a, protection,
help ; auxilii, Liv. ; sub umbra Romanae amici-
tiae latere, Cic. ; b, idleness, pleasant rest ;
Veneris cessamus in umbra, Ov. ; cedat umbra
soli, Cic. ; c, appearance (as opposed to reality),
shadow, semblance; gloriae, Cic IT. A. Transf.,
l,a shade, shadow in painting; transf., in dis-
course, Cic ; 2, the shadoiv = that which accom-
panies ; luxuriae, Cic. ; an uninvited guest,
brought by one who has been invited (o-xta),
Hor. B. .Meton., 1, that whiclt, is shady ; a, as
trees, houses, etc., umbras falce premere, Verg.;
inducite montibus umbras (i.e., arbores), Verg. ;
b, any shady place; Poinpe.ja, Ov. ; tonsoris,
barber's shop, Hor. ; 2, the shade of a dead
person, ghost ; tricorpor, Verg. ; plur., umbrae,
Verg. ; 3, a Jlsh, llie grayling, Ov.
umbraculum -i, n. (umbra). I. a shady
place, arbour, Verg. ; in plur., a quiet place\a.3
opp. to public life); Theophrasti,Cic.;doctrinam
ex uuibraculis eruditoruni (schools) otioque' in
solem produxerat, Cic. IL a parasol, Ov.
umbraticola -ae, m. (umbra and colo), a
lounger in the shade, Plaut.
umbratlcus -a -um (umbra), belonging^to
the shade ; homo, an idler, lounger, Plaut.
umbratilis -e (umbra), remaining in the
shade. I. retired, contemplative ; vita, Cic II.
Of discourse, in the schools, rhetorical (opp. to
public, political), domestica exercitatio et um-
bratilis, Cic; oratio, only meant for perused , not
for speaking, Cic.
Umbri -<3rum, in. a people in Italy between
the Padus, the Tiber, and the Adriatic Sea, who in
later times descended farther into Italy, and in-
habited a country betiveen the Rubicon, the War,
and Hie '1 iom . Hence, A. Umber -bia -brum,
Umbrian ; subst., Umber -bri„in. ait Umbrian.
B. Umbria -ae, f. Umbria, the country of the
Umbri.
umbrlfe'r -fSra -ferum (umbra and fero),
shady, umbrageous ; nemus, Verg.; platanus, Cic
umbro, 1. (umbra), to cover with shade, shade,
overshadow; uinbrata tempora quercn, Verg.
umbrosus -a -um (umbra), shculy, umbra-
geous. I. Pass., sliaded; rlpa, Cic; locus um-
brosior, Cic II. Act, affording shade; cacu-
mina, Verg. ; salix, Ov.
umecto = liumecto (q.v.)
umerus = humerus (q.v.).
umesco, umidus = humesco,humidus (q.v.).
umor — humor (q.v.).
umquam (unquam), adv. (orig. cum-
quain), at any time, ever (used chiefly in nega-
tive, interrog., and conditional sentences), Cic. ;
non umquam, Liv. ; haud umquam, Verg. ; si
umquam, Liv.
una, adv. (unus), at the same j>Znc«, at the
same time, together ; a, absol.,qui una veneraDt,
Cic. ; b, with cum and the abl., amores una
cum praetexta ponere, Cic.
unanimans = unanimus (q.v.).
unanimitas -atis, f. (unaniums), concord,
■unanimity, Liv.
unanimus -a -um (unus and animus), of one
mind, concordant, agreeing, ■unanimous; sodales,
Cat. ; fratres, Verg.
uncia -ae, f. (Sicilian oJvia'a, from unus). an
ounce, the twelfth part of any whole. I. Lit., 1, as
a coin, one-twelfth of an as, Varr. ; 2, as a weight
or measure, a, an ounce, ont-lweijth of a pound,
Plaut. ; b, as a measure, one-twelfth of a foot, an
inch, Plin. ; 3, In inheritances, a twelfth part ;
Caesar e.c uncia, heir to one-twelfth, Cic. II.
Transf., a trifle, bit; ebons, Juv.
uncialis -e (uncia), of or relating to a twelfth
part ; asses, weighing an ounce each, Plin.
unciarius -a -um (uncia), of or relating to a
twelfth part; fenus, one-twelfth of the capital
yearly, i.e., S\ ;*r cent, for the year often months,
10 per cent, for the year of twelve months, Tac.
unciatim. adv. (uncia), by ounces, Pliu.;
Transf., little by little, Ter.
une
598
Ullg
UncinatuS -a -um (uncinus), shaped like a
hook, hooked ; uncinata corpora, Cic.
unclola -ae, f. (dim. of uncia), a Utile ounce,
a little twelfth part (of an inheritance), Juv.
unctlo -onis, f. (ungo). I, an anointing,
Plaut. ; philosophum unctionis causa" relique-
runt, to wrestle in the palaestra, Cic. II. Meton.,
ointment, salve, Plin.
unctlto, 1. (intens. of ungo), to salve, anoint,
Plaut.
unctiusculus -a -tun (dim. of unctus), some-
what unctuous, Plaat.
unctor -Oris, m. (ungo), an anointer, Cic.
unctorlum -Ii, n. (ungo), an anointing-room
in the bath, Pliu.
unctura -ae, f. (ungo), the anointing of the
dead, ap. Cic.
1. unctus -a -um, p. adj. (from ungo). I.
Adj., smeared, anointed ; 1, lit., manus, Hor.
sol, basking in the sun after being anointed, Cic;
poet., palaestra,, where one is anointed, Ov. ; 2,
transf., accedes siccus ad unctum, to a rich and
luxurious person, Hor. ; unctior quaedam con-
suetude loquendi, rich, copious, Cic. II. Subst.,
unctum -i, n. a sumptuous repast, Hor.
2. unotus -iis, m. (ungo), an anointing, VUn.
1. uncus -i, m. (oyico?), a hook ; zx&XiS ferreus.
Liv. ; nee severns uncus abest, as typical of
Necessitas, Hor. ; esp., the hook with which the
executioner dragged the bodies of the dead male-
factors to throw them into the Tiber ; alicui uncum
impingere, Cic.
2. uncus -a -um, bent like a hock, hooked,
curved ; manus, Verg. ; aratrum, Verg.
unda -ae, f. a wave of the sea, and collective,
the waves. I. Lit., maris unda, Cic. II. A.
Transf., wave, storm, surge; undae comitiorum,
disorder, Cic. ; unda salutantum, crowd, Verg.
E. Meton., 1, moisture ; a, flowing water, water;
fontis, Ov. ; faciunt jnstos ignis et unda viros
(fire and water being used at tlie ceremony of mar-
riage), Ov. ; b, of other liquids, e.g., oil, Plin.,
2, stream (of objects which are not liquid), qua
plurimus uudam fumus agit, eddies, Verg.
undatim, adv. (unda), like, waves, Plin.
unde, adv. (orig. ennde), whence, from where.
I. Lit., of place, 1, correlative, nee enim inde
venit, unde mallem, Cic. ; ut aliae eodem, uncle
crant profeetae, referrentur, Caes. ; 2, absol., a,
in direct questions, unde dnjectus est China?
Cic. ; b, in indirect questions, non reeordor
unde ceciderim, Cic. II. Transf., A. Of origin,
ground, cause, means, etc., whence, from what
person or thing, from what origin ; 1, correla-
tive ; a, unde necesse est, inde initium sumatur,
Cic. ; b, qui eum necasset, unde ipse natus
esset, Cic. ; 2, esp., legal 1. 1., unde petitur =
the aceused person or defendant; ego omnibus,
unde petitur, hoc consilium dederim, Cic. III.
unde unde = undecumque, whencesoever, Hor.
undecentum (unus, de, and centum),
ninety-nine, Plin.
undeclcs (undeciens), adv. (undeclm),
eleven times, Mart.
unde'eim (unus and decern), eleven, Cic.
undecimus -a -um (undecim), the eleventh ;
legio, Lir. ; annus, Verg.
tmdeciremis -is, f. sc. navis (undecim and
remus), a ship with eleven banks of oars, Plin.
undeouraani -<5rum, m. (undecimus or un-
decumus), soldiers of the eleventh legion, Plin.
undecumque (undecunque), adv.
whencesoever, Quint.
Undent -ae -r. (for undeceni, from undecim),
eleven each ; Musaperundenos emodulanda pedes,
i.e., of hexameter and pentameter, Ov. ; quater
undenos impleviase Decembres, i.e., forty-four
years, Hor.
undenonaginta(unus, de, and nonaginta),
eighty-nine, Liv.
undeoctoginta (unus, de, and octoginta),
seventy-nine, Hor.
undequadragies, adv. (undequadraginta),
thirty-nine times, Plin.
undequadraginta (unus, de, and quad-
raginta), thirty-nine, Cic.
undequinquagesimus -a -um (undequin-
quaginta), the Jorty-ninth, Cic.
undequinquaginta (unus, de, and quin-
qliaginta), forty-nine, Liv.
undesexaginta (unus, de, and sexaginta),
fifty-nine, Liv.
undetricesimus -a -um (undetriginta),
t . . twenty-ninth, Liv.
undetriginta (unus, de, and triginta),
twenty-nine, Vitr.
undeviceni -ae -a (undeviginti), nineteen
each, Quint.
undovicesimus (undevigesinius)
(undeviginti), the nineteenth, Cic.
undeviginti (unus, de, and viginti), nine-
teen, Cic, Liv.
undique, adv. (unde and que). I. o?i all
sides, from everywhere, everywhere ; concurrere,
Cic. ; colligere, Cic. ; aniens undique dicatur, by
all people, Hor. II. on all sides, in every
respect ; partes undique aequales, Cic. ; undique
religioncm tolle, Cic.
undisonus -a -um (unda and sono), resoiuid-
ing with waves ; dii, sea-gods, Prop.
undo, 1. (unda), to rise in waves, surge. A.
Lit., fiaininis inter tabulata volutus ad caelum
undabat vortex, Verg. B. Transf., to have a
wave-like motion, to wave, to undulate; fuiuua
Verg. ; habenae, hanging loosely, Verg.
undosus -a -um (unda), full of waves, surg-
ing, biilowy, Verg.
unedo -onis, m. the arbutus-tree, and its
fruit, Plin.
unetvicesimani -5rum, m. (unetvicesi-
mus), soldiers of the twenty-first legion, Tac.
unetvicesimus -a -um (unus-et-vicesimus),
the twenty-first, Tac.
ungo (ungUO), unxi, unctum, 3. to anoint,
smear, scdve. I. Lit., aliquem unguentis, Cic.-;
gloria quern supra vires ungit, adorns, Hor.;
(with reference to the anointing after a bath),
unctus est, accubuit, Cic. ; of the anointing of a
corpse, corpus, Ov. ; of the dressing of pro-
visions, to dress; caules oleo, Hor. II. Transf.,
to besmear; tela manu, with poison, Verg.; uncta
aqua, dirty, Hor. ; uncta carina, pitched, Verg.
unguen -inis, n. (unguo), a fatty substance,
salve, Verg.
unguentarius -a -um (ungentum), of or
relating to solve or ointment. I. Adj., Suet.
II. Subst., A. unguentarius -ii, in. a
dealer in unguents, Cic. B. unguentaria
-ae, f. a, a female dealer in ungiients, Plin. ; b,
the art of preparing unguents, Plaut. C un-
guentarium -ii, n. money for unguents, Plin.
unguentatus-a-um(nnguentum),a7ioiwfe(f,
Cat.
ungucntum -i, n. (ungo), a salve, ointment,
unguent, Cic.
unguiculus -i, m. (dim. of unguis), the
finger- anil, the toe-nail ; integritas unguiculoruin.
i omnium, Cic. ; prov., qui mihi a teneris, ut
ung
509
urD
Graeci dicunt, unguiculis (Or. e£ airakwv 6^•l/'x u, ')
cognitus est, from childhood, Cic
unguinosus -a -uin (unguen), fatty, unc-
tuous, Plin.
unguis -is, in. (owf), a finger or toe-nail.
I. Lit., of men, ungues ponere, Hor. ; rodere,
Hor. ; prov., ab imis unguibus usque ad ver-
ticeni summum, from, top to toe, Cic. ; a recta
conscientia transversum unguem non discedere,
to depart a finger' s breadth (Engl, a hair's breadth)
from, etc., Cic. ; de tenero ungui, from child-
hood, Hor. ; ad (in) unguem, to a Imir, nicely,
■perfectly (an expression borrowed from sculptors
who tested the smoothness of their work with
the nail), ad unguem factus homo, Hor. ; car-
men decies castigare ad unguem, Hor. ; omnia
in unguem secto via liuiite quadret, Verg. II.
Transf., A. Of plants, a nail-like spot, tip, Plin.
B. a kiyid of mussel, Varr. (abl., gen. ungue, in
poets also ungui).
ungula -ae, f. (unguis), a hoof, claw, talon.
I. Lit., vestigium ungulae (equi), Cic. II.
Meton., a horse ; ungula rapit currus, Hor.
nngulus -i, m. (dim. of unguis). I. a toe-
nail, Plant. II. a finger-ring, Plin.
uuicalamus -a -um (uuus and calamus),
having one haulm, Plin.
unguo = ungo (q.v.).
unicaulis -e (unus and caulis), having one
stalk, Plin.
unioe, adv. (unicus), singly, especially, par-
ticularly ; diligere, Cic. ; unioe securus, altogether
free from aire, Hor.
uuicolor -Oris (unus and color), uniform in
colour, of one colour; torus, Qv.
unicornis -e (unus and cornu), liaving one
horn, Plin.
unicus -a -um(unus), only, sole. I. Lit., Alius,
Cic. II. Transf., singular, unparalleled, unique,
alone in its kind ; liberalitas, Cic. ; tides, Liv.
uniform is -e (uuus and forma), having one-
form, simple, Tac.
unigena -ae (unus and gigno). I. bom at
one birth, of the same race ; unigena Alemnonis,
Zephyrus, brotlier of Memnon, Cat. II. only-
born, only-made; singularis hie mnndus atque
unigena, Cic.
unijugus -a -um (unus and jugum), having
only one yoke; vinea, fastened to the same cross-
beam, Plin.
unimanus -a -um (unus and manus), having
but one hand ; puer, Liv.
1. unio, 4. (unus), to unite, Sen.
2. unio -onis, m. (unus), a single, large pearl,
Sen.
unistlrpis -e (unus and stirps), having one
stock or stem, Plin.
unitas -atis, f. (unu3), unity, oneness. I.
Lit., Phn. II. Fig., A. likeness, similarity,
Plin. B. agreement, unanimity, Sen.
uniter, adv. (unus), in one, together; aptus,
Lu_cr._
uniusmodi, adv. (unus and modus), of one
kind, Cic.
universalis -e (universus), general, uni-
versal, Quint.
universe, adv. (uni versus), in general; gen-
erating atque universe loquar, Cic.
universitas -atis, f. (universus), the whole,
total. I. Lit., generis humani, Cic. ; rerum, the
universe, Cic. II. Transf., the world, Cic.
universus (archaic, univorsus) -a -um
(unus and versus), lit., turned into one, combined
into one. I. whole, entire. A. Adj., mundus,
Cic. ; de re uuiversa tractare, Oic. ; plur., unl-
versi -ae -a, all together; universi (homines),
Cic. ; natura universa atque omnia continens,
all things in entirety and in detail, Cic. B.
Subst., univcrsum -i, n. the whole ; hence, the
whole world, the universe, Cic. II. Transf.,
relating to all or to the wltole, general ; pugna, a
general engagement, Liv. ; in uuiversum, in gene-
ral, generally, Liv.
unoculus -i, m. (uuus and oculus), a one-
eyed man, Plai.it.
unus (old Latin, oenus) -a -um, genit. unius,
dat. uni, one. I. Lit., A. Gen., unus de
magistratibus, Cic. ; foil, by alter, una ex parte
. . . altera ex parte, Caes. ; plur. (esp., with
words used only in the plur.), unae decumae
. . . alterae, Cic. ; ad unum (unam) omnes, all
to a man, Cic. ; in unum (Gr. €is iV) = into one
place; confluere, Cic. B. Esp., 1, one, only
one, alone; Demosthenes nnus eminet, Cic;
uni ex omnibus Sequani, Caes. ; strengthened by
the superl., or by omnium, summus vir unus
omnis Graeciae, Cic. ; 2, one, one and the same;
uuo tempore, at tlie same time, Cic. ; id unls
acdibus, Cic. II. Transf., indelinite, a, an, one,
some one, any one ; unus paterfamilias, Cic. ;
without subst., tradidit uni, Cic. ; unus quidam,
Cic. ; nemo unus, nullus unus, Cic. ; unus et
alter, one and another, Cic. (genit., unius, Yerg.j
Ov., Lucr., Cat. ; uni, Cat).
upilio (opilio) -onis, m. a shepherd, Verg.
iipupa -ae, f. (Zvo\p), a hoopoe, Varr. ; (with a
play on the word), a kind of hoe, Plaut.
Urania -ae, f. and Uranie -es, f. (Ovoavia,
OiipoT it), the heavenly one), one of the nine Muses,
the iVifsc of Astronomy.
urbane, adv. (urbanus). I. politely, civilly,
urbanely; urbane, urbanius agere, Cic. II. Of
discourse, wittily, acutely, elegantly; ridere
Stoicos, Cic. ; vexare, Cic.
urbanitas -3tis, f. (urbanus), city life. I.
Esp., life in Home; desideria and desiderium
ivrbanitatis, Cic. II. Meton., the city manner ;
1, in a good sense, a, politeness, urbanity, refine-
ment of manner, C!i<\; plur., deponendae tibi sunt
urbanitates, rusticus Komanus factus es, Cic; b,
elegance, refinement in speaking, both in pronun-
ciation and in expression, Cic. ; c, elegance in
wit, fine wit, pleasantry ; vctus, Cic. ; 2, in a
bad sense, city roguery, Tac.
urbanus -a -um (nibs), of or belonging to a
city(csv>. to Rome), urban. I. Lit., tribus, Cic;
praetor, Cic. ; exercitus (of Roman citizens),
Liv. ; suffragatio (of the city population), Cic. ;
subst, urban! -orum, m. the inhabitaiits of the
city, the townsfolk, Cic II, Meton., after the
city fashion ; 1, in a good sense, a, refined in
manner, elegant ; homo, a man of the world, Cic;
b, of discourse, choice, elegant, refined ; quiddam
resonat urbanius, Cic. ; c, fine, witty, pleasant,
humorous; homo urbanissimus, Cic; sales,
Cic; subst., a wit, Hor.; 2, in a bad sense,
bold, impudent ; frons, Hor.
urbicapus -i, m. (urbs and capio), a taker
of cities, Plant
Urbicua -ae, f. a town in Hispania Tar,
raconensis.
urbicus -a -um (urbs), of or belonging to a
city, civic, urban, Suet.
Urbinum -i, n. a town in Umbria, now
Urbino. Hence, Urbinas -atis, belonging to
Urbinum.
Urbius clivu3, a place in Some between the
Esquiline and vicus Cyprius.
urbs -bis, f. the town surrounded by .»
ring wall, the city. I, Lit., A. Gen., urbem
urc
GOO
U8U
condere, aedificare, Cic. ; capere, CIc ; evertere,
Cic. B. the city of Bume (like Or. a<rrv, of
Athens), ad nrbem, near Home or at Rome, Cic. ;
ad urbem esse, of Roman generals waiting out-
side Rome till a triumph was granted them, or
of magistrates waiting to proceed to their pro-
vinces, Sail. II. Meton., the city = the dwellers
in the city ; urbs somno vinoque sepulta, Verg.
urcedlaris -e (urceolus), of or relating to a
jug or pitcher ; herba, pellitory, a plant used for
polishing glass pitchsrs, PUn.
urceolus -i, m. (dim. of urceus), a small jug
or pitcher, Juv.
urcous -i, m. (connected with orca), an
earthenware jug, pitclier, Hor.
uredo -Inis, f. (uro), 1, a blight upon plants,
Cic; 2, an inflammatory itch, Plin.
urgeo (urgueo), ursi, 2. to push, press,
drive, urge. L Lit., A. Transit., pedem (ali-
cuius) pede (suo), Verg. ; naves in Syrtes, drive on
the sond-banks, Verg. B. Intransit., to press ;
longique urguent ad litora ductus, Verg. II,
Transf., 1, to press upon, beset, oppress, burden,
bear hard upon; urgens malum, urgent, pressing,
Cic; mortifero morbo urgeor, Cic; urgeri, with
genit., to be pressed hard on account of something ;
male administiatae proviuciae aliorumque crim-
innin, Tac. ; 2, a, to hem in a place; nrbem
url>e alia preinere atque \irgere, Verg. ; b, of
time, to press upon ; urget diem nox et dies
nocUuu, Hor.; 3, of discourse, to urge, press liard
upon ; interrogando,.Cic ; 4, to apply oneself to
diligently, ply hard, urge on, follow up; occas-
ionem, Cic ; proposituin, Hor. ; iter, Ov.
urlo.T, -ae, f. a caterpillar, Plin.
uriua -ae, f. {ovpov), urine, Cic.
urlnator -5ri3, m. (urinor), a diver, Liv.
urlnor, 1. dep. to dice, Cic
Urlos -li, m. (O.'pio?), the a ivcr of a favourable
wind (of Jupiter), Cic
urna. -ae, f. I. a pitch-r for drawing water,
Hor.; at tribute of the. constellation Aquarius, Ov.,
and of the rivers personified as deities, Verg.
II. Transf., A. a jug, pitcher, urn; a, for hold-
inq money ; nrgenti, Hor. : >>. for holding the
ashes of the dead, Ov. ; c, for throwing lots i nto ;
noinina in urnam eonjieere, Liv. ; educere ex
urna tres (judices), Cic ; hence, of the urn of
fat'.', assigned to Jupiter and the Parcae. omne
nomen movet uina, Hor. B. Asa measiu'e of
capacity, half an amphora, Plin.
umalls -e (urna), containing half an am-
phora, Cato.
urnarlum -li, n. (urna), a table on which
vii!er-cans were placed, Varr.
urnula -ae, f. (dim. of urna), a little pitclier,
Cic.
uro, ussi, ustum, 3. (connected with cuiu),
to bum. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., calore, Cic. ; 2,
esp., a, medical t. t, to luirn = to treat by burn-
ing, to burn out ; in corpore si quid eiusmodi
e9t quod reliquo corpori noceat, id uri secari-
que patimur, Cic. ; b, t. t. of painting, to burn
in ; pieta nstis coloribufl puppls, Ov.; c, to burn,
destroy by fire; (a) hominem mortuum, Cic;
agios, Liv. ; domos, Hor.; j/9) to burn lights;
udomtaiii nocturna in lumina cedrum, Verg.
B. Transf., 1, to bum, dry up, parch, pain
acutely; fauces Urit sitis. Ov.; 2, to pinch, ihafe,
gull; calceus pedem urit, Hor.; urit loriea
lacrtos. Prop.; 3, to pinch with cold : ustus ab
assidno frigore Pnnfns, Ov. II. Fig., A. to burn
with passion, and pass., to be on fire, glow with
passion ; me tamen urit amor, Verg. ; uritur
infelix Dido, Verg. B. to disquiet, disturb,
harass; eos belluru Romanum urebat, Liv.
Urruncum -i, n. the lowest part of an car of
com, Varr.
ursa -ae, F. (ursus). I. a female hear; poet.
= bear generally, Verg., Ov. II. Meton., the
constellations of the Great and Little Bear; ursa
major, or Erymanthis, or Maenalis. or Par-
rhasi , the Great Bear, ursa minor or ursa Cyn-
osuris, the Little Bear, Ov.
ursinus -a -uin (ursus), of or relating to a
bear, Plin.
ursus -i, m. a bear. I. Lit., ursi informes,
Verg. II. ileton., poscunt ursum, a bear hunt
in the circus, Hor.
urtica -ae, f. (uro). I. a nettle ; 1, lit.,
Plin.; 2, transf., a sea-nettle, Plin. II. Fig.,
lustfulness, lewd desire, Juv.
urus -i, m. the tm«, a kind of wild ox, Caes.
urvum (urbum) -i, n. a plough-tail, Varr.
Uscana -ae, f. a town in lllyria on the
borders of Macedonia, now Voscapopli. Hence,
Uscauenses -lam, in. the inhabitants of Vs-
cana.
usio -onis, f. (utor), use, using, Cato.
TJsipetes -urn, m. and Usipii -orum, in. a
powerful German tribe near the Tencteri, on the
Lippe and the Rhine, conquered by Caesar.
usltate.adv. (usitatus), Ml the usual manner;
loqui, Cic
usitatus -a -um, p. adj. (" usito), customary,
usual, wonted, accustomed ; vocabula, Cic. ;
facimus usitatius lioc verbum, Cic; ntatur
verbis quam usitatissimis, Cic; usitatnm est,
foil, by act and intln., it is usual, customary,
ap. Cic.
uspiam, adv. (orig, cusplam), anywhere, Cic.
usquam, adv. (orig. cusquam). I. any-
where (gen. used in negative and conditional
sentences). A. Lit., iste cui nullus esset
usquam consistendi locus, Cic; with genit.,
UBquam gentium, Cic B. in any case, Cic.,
Sail. II. any whither, in any direction; nee
vero usquam discedebam, Cic
usque, adv. (orig. cusque), at every point,
through and through, from ... to, all the -way,
continuously. I. Of space, a, with prep., usque
a inare supero Romam prollcisci, Cic. ; usque ad
castra hostium accessit, Caes. ; b, with adv. of
place, quod eos usque istim (istinc) exauditos
putcin, Cic. ; U9que quaque, everywhere, Cic. ;
C, with ace of the object or place reached
(with names of towns), ut usque Romam signi-
flcationes vocesque rel'eiantur, as fur as Home,
Cic II. Of time, a, with prep., usque a
Romul o, from the time of Bomulus, Cic; b, with
adv. of time, inde usque repetens, Cic; usque
quaque, always, Cat. ; usque eo se tenuit, Cic. ;
C, afosol., always, constantly; juvat usque
inorari, Verg. III. In other relations, lioc
malum usque ad bestias perveniat, Cic.
usquequaque, v. usque I. and II.
USta -ae, f. (uro), a red pigment, burnt cin-
nabar, Plin.
UstlCa -ae, f. I. a valley in the Sabine
! country, near Harare's estate. II. a small islaral
I opposite the west coast of Sicily.
ustil ... v. ust ul . . .
UStiO -6nis, f. (uro), a burning, Plin.
ustor -oris, m. (uro), a burner of corpses, Cic.
UStulo (ustilo), 1. (dim. of uro), to burn a
little, to singe, Cat.
l. usucaplo -cepi -captum, 3. (usu, abl. of
usus, and capio), to acquire ownership bylength of
fossexsion or prescription, Cic; velut usucepisse
taliam, Liv.
usu
601
ut
' 2. usucapio -6nis, f. (usu, abl. of usus, and
capio), ownership acquired by length of possession
or prescription ; usucapio fundi, Cic.
usura -ae, f. (utor). I. the use, enjoyment
of anything; a, natura dedit usuram vitae, Cic;
unius horae, Cic; b, the use of borrowed capital,
Cic. II. Meton., interest paid for money bor-
rowed; usura menstrua, Cic; usurae gravis-
siinae, Caes. ; alicui usuram pendgre, to pay,
Cic; transf., terra nee umquam sine usura
reddit, Cic.
usurarius -a -utn ("usura). I. relating to
(temporal)) use, Plaut. II. out at interest, pay-
ing interest, Plaut.
usurpatio -5nis, f. (usurpo), a using, use,
waking use ; doctrinae, Cic. ; vocis, Liv. ; ad
usurpdtionem vetustatis, to practise an old
custom, Cic. ; itineris, undertaking, Liv.
usurpo, 1. (contr. from usu and rapio), to
draw to oneself by use. I. Gen., to make use of,
to use, to bring into use; genus poenae, Cic
II. Esp., A. to lay claim to, to assert one's right
to; nomencivitatis, Cic B. Legal t. t., to take
possession of, acquire ; a, lawfully, amissam
possessionem, Cic; b, unlawfully, to appro-
priate, to usurp ; alienam possessionem, Liv.
C. to make use of by the senses, to perceive, to
notice ; sensibus, Lucr. D. to make use of by
the voice; a, to use, to mention; nomen tantum
virtutis usurpas, Cic. ; b, to call by any name
habitually; C. Laelius, is qui Sapiens usurpatur,
Cic.
USUS -Us, in. (utor), use, using, making use
of, application, practice, exercise. I. Lit., A.
Gen., usus privatus, Cic; quia ea pecunia non
posset in bellum usui esse, Liv. ; scientia atque
usus rerum nauticarum, theory and practice,
Caes. ; usus magister est optituus, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, intercourse with men; a, social inter-
course, familiarity; domesticus usus et con-
suetudo, Cic. ; b, carnal intercourse, Ov. ; 2,
legal t. t., usus et fructus, usus fructusque,
ususfruotus, the use and enjoyment of property
not one's own-, Cic. ; usus fructus omnium bon-
oruin. Cic II. Transf., 1, practice = practical
experience; usus atque oxercitatio, Cic; amicitia
quam nee usu (by experience) nee ratione (by
theory', habent cognitam, Cic ; habere magnum
. in re inilitari or in eastris usum, Caes. ; 2, the
usefulness, useful quality of anything ; magnos
usus atlert ad navigia facienda, Cic. ; usui and
ex usu esse, to be useful, of use, Cic; 3, occasion,
need, want; a, usus piovinciae supplere, Cic;
b, usus est, usus venit, usus adest, it is neces-
sary, requisite, (a) usus est ; (oa) absol., si
quaiulo usus esset, Cic ; (/3/3) witli abl., si quid
erit quod extra magistrates curatore usus sit,
Cic; (/3) usus adest; absol., ut equites Pom-
peianorum inipetum, quum adesset usus, sus-
.tinere auderent, Caes. ; (y) usus venit, si usus
veniat, Caes.; c, usu venit, it happens; quid
lioinini potest turpius usu venire? Cic.
ususfruotus, v. usus, III.
ut (ori^;. form uti), adv. and conj. I. Adv.,
A. (Like iva) adv. of place, where, Verg. Aen. 5,
329, Ov. Met. 1, 15. B. Adv. of manner, in
what way, as ; 1, a, absol., pergo ut instituisti,
Cic ; esp. in a parenthesis, facilius est cur-
rentum, ut aiunt, iucitare, Cic. ; b, with corre-
spond, sic, ita, item, omnia sic constituerain
mihi agenda, ut tu admonebas, Cic; ut optasti,
ita est, Cic ; c, ut ut or utut, however, Plaut. ;
2, in comparisons, a, with sic, ita, item, itidein,
so ... as, sic, ut avus hie tuus, ut ego, justitiain
cole, Cic. ; b, us . . . so also, as well ... as also ;
ut cum Tltanis, ita cum Gigantibus, Cic. ; C,
indeed, it is true . . . but; Saguntini ut a proeliis
quieter,i habuerant , , • ita non noote, non die
umquam cessaverant ab opere, Liv. ; d, ut
quisque, with superl. . . . sic or ita, with su perl.,
Ae more . . . the more ; ut quisque est vir op-
timus, ita difflcillime esse alios improbns sus-
picatur, Cic. ; with ita preceding, colendum
esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime
virtutibus erit ornatus, Cic. ; witli ita to be
supplied, ut quisque maxime perspicit, quid,
etc. ... is prudentissimus haberi solet, Cic. ;
e, in oaths, protestations, etc., ita vivam, ut
maximos sumptus facio, Cic. ; 3, to introduce
an explanation, as, as being ; homo acutus ut
Poenus, Cic ; aiunt hominem, ut erat furiosus,
respondisse, Cic. ; permulta alia colligit Chrys-
ippus, ut est in onini historia curiosus, Cic. ;
4, to introduce a reason, a, in a rel. clause,
inasmuch as; magna pais Fidenatiuin, ut qui
coloni additi Romanis essent, Latine sciebant,
Liv. ; b, in a hypothetical clause, as if; ut si
esset res mea, Cic ; 5, as well as ; ut potui,
tuli, Cic ; esp. with a superl., ut blandissime
potest, in the most flattering manner possible,
Cic; with the superl., strengthened by quum,
domus celebratus, ut quum maxime, Cic; 6, to
introduce examples, as, as for example; quae
tactu intinio sentiaut, u* dolorem, ut voluptatem,
Cic; 7, in exclamations, how! how much! ut
ille turn humilis, ut demissus erat I Cic; 8, to
introduce a question, how ; a, direct, ut valet?
ut meminit nostri ? Hor. ; b, indirect, videte,
ut hoc iste correxerit, Cic. ; 9, to express time,
a, gen. with the perf., wlien, as soon as; ut
haec audivit, Cic. ; strengthened by primum,
ut primum loqui posse coepi, Cic; h f since:
ut Brundislo profectus es, nullae mini aba te
sunt redditae litterae, Cic. II. Conj., with the
subj., that, so that. A. To express something
effected or happening ; 1, of something actually
resulting; a, with expressions denoting to
happen, to cause, to bring about, to come to
pass, that; sol efflcit, ut omnia tioreant, Cic;
evenit ut, contigit ut, est ut, ex hoc nascitur
ut, etc., Cic. ; D, with expressions denoting
a peculiarity, a necessity, an appearance, inos
est hominum, ut, etc., Cic. ; hie locasest, ut de
nioribus majorumloquainur, Oic^ certain, veruin,
falsum, verisiulle, rectum, -justuin, usitatum
est, nt, etc, Cic. , 2, of something' supposed
or imagined to result ; a, with verbs of ■wish-
ing, commanding, asking, resolving, taking carej
agreeing, suffering, etc, equidem vellem, ut
aliquando redires, Cic. ; praeclpitur ut nobi?
ipsis impereinus, Cic. ; petunt atque orant
etc., Caes.; placuit his ut, etc., Cic;
natura non patitur ut, etc, Cic; asseuti
quod est rectum, verum quoquo sit, Ci
with verbs of demanding, persuading, c
ling, postulant ut, etc, Lfv. ; hortor u
Cic; stiasit ut, etc., Cic; impeUimur
ut, etc., Cic; Lentulum, ut - se abd
praetura, coegistis, Cic. ; c, witli verbs of .
ing = that not; timeo ut sustineas, Cic; v
ellipt. for fac ut, provided that-, granted- '/ia',
even if; ut quaeras omnia, non reperies, Cic; e,
ellipt. to express anger in a rhetorical question,
tu ut umquam te corrigas? Cic; f, ellipt to
express a wish, oh that ! ut dolor paviat, quod
jam diu parturit, Cic. B. To 'express a conse-
quence, that, so that; 1, with correspond, ita,
sic, tain, eo, adeo, usque eo ; talis, tantus, is,
hie, etc. ; Tarquinius sic Servium diligebat, ut
is eius vulgo haberetur Alius. Cic. ; 2. without
a correl., mere ilia non possunt, ut naec non
eodem labefacta motu concidant, Cic. C. To
express a purpose, that, in order that; 1, with
a demonstr., ideo, idcirco, ad earn rem, etc,
idcirco omnes servl sumus, ut liberi esse i»s-
simus, Cic. ; 2, mostly without a demonstr.,
Romani ab arat.ro abduxerunt Cineinr'atum, ut
dictator esset, Cio,
utc
602
utr
utcumquo (utcunque), adv. I. En what
manner soever, however; utcimique se videri
volet,- Cic. II. whenever ; utcumque niecum
• eritis, Hor.
1. utens -cutis, p. adj. (from utor), using,
possessing ; utentior sit, Cic.
2. Utens -entis, m. a river in Cisalpine Gaul,
now Montone.
utensilis -e (utor), that can be used, fit for use,
useful. I. Adj., Varr. II. Subst., utonsllia
-lum, n. useful things, necessaries, utensils, Liv.
1. uter, Utris, m. (connected with uterus),
tlie skin of an animal used as a bag or buttle;
Aeolios Itliacis inclusimus utribus euros, Ov. ;
used (like a bladder) for crossing rivers, Caes.,
Liv.; poet., tumidis infla sermonibus utrem,
of a puffed-up, arrogant man, Hor.
2. uter, utra, utrum, genit. utrius, dat. utri.
I. which of two, which; uter nostrum popularis
est ? tune an ego ? Cic. ; neque dijudicare posset,
uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur, Caes. ;
utros eius habueris libros an utrosque nescio,'
Cic. JL Indefinite, one of the two, either of the
two; si uter volet, Cic. (genit, utrius, Hor.).
• utercumque (-cunque), utracumqug,
utrumcumque, whichever of the two, whichever;
utercumque vicerit, Cic.
iiterllbSt, ntrSHbgt, utrumlibet, whichever
of the two you please, either of the two; utrumlibet
eltge, Cic.
Uterque, utr&quS, utruniquS, genit. utrius-
(\\\&, dat. utriquS, each of two, both (considered
separately), a, sing., uterque cum exercitu
veniret, Caes. ; sermones utriusque linguae,
Cic. ; uterque alio quodani modo, Cic. ; uterque
Phoebus, the rising and the selling sun, morning
atul evening, Ov. ; uterque polus, the North and
South Pole, Ov. ; Oceanus, the east and west, Ov.;
soils utraqne donius, east and west, Ov.; parens,
fxtlur and mother, Ov. ; in utrainque partem, on
l«4h sides, in both cases, Cic. ; hie qui utrumque
probat, smbobus dobuit uti, Cic. ; with partit.
genit., nfcerqre "nostrum, Cic. ; with predicate in
the plur., uterque eorum ex castris exercitum
educunt, Caes.; b, in plv.r. prop., to pvpr°-
tv:o pluralities, quoniam utrique Socratici et
Platonici vo'umns esse, Cic. ; then to express
two individuals together, duae fuerunt Ariovisti
'irores ; utraeque in ea fuga periprunt, Caes.;
Iu8qne,-Lncr., Hor., Ov.).
i ras -1, m. and uterum -i, n. (ov9a P ). I,
r y, paunch ; 1, gen., Verg. ; 2, esp., the
Cic, Ov., Hor. ; nieton., a, birth, Plin. ;
cavities cf the earth, out of which the first
a are said to have been born, Lucr. II.
., the bcUy^the inside of a ship, Tac. ;
d Trojan horse, Verg.
-torvls, otravis, utrumvis, genit. utriusvis,
oat. utrJvis. L mhich of t'ne two you will, either
of the two; utrumvis facere potes, Cic. II.
loJi, Ter., Plant.
Uti = Ut (q.v.).'
utibUla -e (utor), tlwt can be used, useful,
Ter., Plaut.
Uttca -ac, f. a town hi Africa Propria, north
cj Carinaijc, colony from Tyre, the place where the
ter'MorlaV party mode the last stand against
Caercr, and where M. Porcius Cato the younger
killed himself. Adj., tlticensia -e, of or be-
longing to Utica.
utilis -e (= utihilis from utor), useful, profit-
able, serviceable, beneficial, advantageous ; "a, I
absol., utiles et salutares res, Cic. ; b, with ad
and the ac<;„ homo ad cam rem, or ad ullara rem
utilis, Cic; c, with in (in relation, to; for) and
ace, res maxime in hoc tempus utilis, Liv.; d,
with dat., equi utiles bello, Ov. ; non milii est
vita mea utilior, Cic. ; e, (poet.), with genit.,
radix medendi utilis, Ov. ; f , witli infin., tibia
adesse choris erat utilis, Hor.; g, utile est, with
infin., numquam utile est peccare, Cic; with
ace. and infin., eos utile est praeesse vobls, Liv.
iitllltas -5tis, f. (utilis), usefulness, utility,
advantagemisness, profitableness, use, profit, ad-
vantage; a, sing., utilitas parte per amicum,
Cic. ; b, pair., utilitates ex amicitia maxime
capientur, Cic.
utiliter, adv. (utilis), usefully, serviceably,
advantageously, profitably; utiliter a natura
datum esse, Cic.
utinam, adv. would that! oh that! utinam
incumbat in causam I Cic; utinam haberetis!
Cic; with quod, quod utinam minus vitae
cupidi fuissemus ! Cic. ; with negative, utinam '
ne or utinam non, would that not! illud uti-
nam ne vcre scriberem 1 Cic.
utique, adv. a, in any case, at any rate,
certainly, at least ; utique apud me sis, Cic. ; b,
yet, at least, certainly ; utique postridie, Cic; c,
especially ; commota est pleb.s, utique postquam
etc., Liv.
utor, usus sum, iui, 8. dep. to use, viake use of
employ, enjoy. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, with abl.,
armis, Cic. ; oratione, to speak, Cic. , male uti
lege, to make a bad use of the law, Cic. ; uti ea criin-
inatione in aliquem, Cic. ; with double abl., vel
imperatore vel milite me utiinini, Sail. ; b, with
neut. ace, ne filius quidem quidquam utitur,
Cic. ;huic omnia utendaacpossidendatradiderat,
Cic; c, absol., divitiae (expetuntnr) ut utare,
that you may make use of them, Cic. B. Esp., 1, to
associate with, be intimate with; Trcbonio mul-
tos annos utor, Cic. ; 2, to live on; habere qui
utar, Cic. ; 3, to enjoy ; facte et herbis, Ov. II. .
Transf., 1, to be in possession of, to possess ; vale-
fcudine bonS, Caes. ; honorc, Cic. ; 2, to stand in
need of, have occasion for; ambitkme nihil
uteris, Cic. ; ea nihil hoc loco utimur, Cic.
utpote, adv. seeing that, inasmuch as, since;
nt.pote qui nihil contemnere solemus, Cic. ; ut-
.•ote lecti utiimque, Liv.
utralibet, adv. (sc. parte, from uterlibet),
on either side, on whichever side, Plin.
utrarius -li, m. (1. uter), one wh& carries
water in skins, a water-carrier, Liv.
Utricularius -li, m. a bagpiper, Suet.
utriciilus -i, m. (dim. of uterus). I. the
belly; 1, gen., Plin.; 2, esp., the womb, Plin.
II. ihe bud or envelope oj a flower, Plin.
utrimque (utrinque), adv. (2. uter), /rom
both sides, on both sides. I. Lit., Cic. II.
Transf., in both parties ; utiimque anxii, Tac.
utro (sc. loco, from 2. uter), adv. to which of ,
two places, to which side, whither, Ov., Cic. i
fitrdbl (utrubi), adv. (uter and ubi), at
which of two 2>laces, where, Plaut.
utrobidem, adv. (utrobi and suffix -dem),
on both sides, Plaut.
utroblquS (utrublque), adv. on each cj
two tides, on both sides, Liv. ; scquitur ut eadem
Veritas utrobique sit. eademque lex, with gods
and men, Cic ; Eumenes utrobique plus valebat,
both by land and sea, Nep.
utrolibet, adv. (uterlibet), to either of two
sides, to either side, Quint.
utroque, adv. (uterque), to both sides; a,
lit., of place, utroque citius qunm velleimis
eurstun confeciinus, Cic. ; b, transf., in both
diTdtionsi si natura utroqu" adjuncts est, Cio-
utr
603
vao
Utrubi, etc. = utrobi, etc. (q.v.).
Utrum, adv. (2. uter), whether, used in dis-
junctive questions. I. In direct questions, a,
with a second clause; (a) foil, by an, utrum
la vestra an nostra culpa est? (j3) foil, by
annon, utrum cetera nomina in codicem ac-
cept! et expensi digesta habes, annon? Cic ;
b, without a second clause, utrum hoc bellum
non est? Cic. II. In indirect questions, a,
With corresponding an, anne, necne, (a) with
an, multum interest, utrum laus dimiuuatur
an salus deseratur, Cic. ; (0) foil, by anne,
utrum illi sentiant, anne sinmlent, tu intel-
liges, Cic. ; (y) by necne, jam dudum ego
erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne, Cic. ;
b, without an, hoc dicere audebis, utrum do te
aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene
existiment, ad rem id non pertinere, Cic.
utut, adv. however, Ter.
uva -ae, f. a cluster, bunch. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
Plin. B. Esp., a bunch of grapes ; 1, lit., uva
colorem ducit, Verg. ; 2, meton., the vine, Verg.
II. Transf., a cluster, like a bunch of grapes,
which bees form when they swarm and settle on
trees, Verg.
uvens -entis (partic. of * uveo), moist, wet,
Petr.
uvesco, 3. (* uveo), to become moist, be wet,
Lucr. ; of persons drinking, to moisten or refresh
oneself, Hor.
xividulus -a -um (dim. of uvidus), somewluU
moist, wet, Cat.
uvidus -a -um (*uveo), moist, damp, wet,
humid. I. Lit, vestimente, Hor.; Menalcas,
wet with dew, Verg. ; Juppiter uvidus austris
(Z™? iKnaios), Verg. II. Meton., = drunken;
Bacchus, Hor. ; dicimus integro sicci mane die,
dicimus uvidi, Hor.
uvor -oris, in. (* uveo), moistness, dampness,
humidity, Van'.
■ uxor -oris, f. a wife, spouse. X Lit., uxor
ju.sta, Cic. ; duas uxores habere, Cic. ; uxorem
ducere, to marry a wife; uxori nuntium remitt-
ere; to divorce a wife, Cic. II. Transf., of
animals, olentis uxores mariti, slie-goats, Hor.
uxorcula -ae, f. (dim. of uxor), a little wife
(used as a term of endearment), Plant.
uxorius -a -um (uxor). I. of or relating to '
a wife; res uxoria, Cic; arbitrium rei uxoriae,
relating to the property of a (divorced) wife, Cic.
II. too devoted to one's wife, a slave to a wife,
uxorious ; of Aeneas as the slave to Dido, Ver<* ■
amnis, the Tiber, as the husba-id of Ilia, Hor. °
V.
Vv, the twenty-flrst letter of the Latin
, alphabet, corresponding partly with the-
Greek digamma (f), partly with the Greek u
V frequently passes into u, e.g., solvo, sol-
utum, uavita, nauta ; and between two Twvels
is often elided, e.g., deleverunt, delerunt, pro-
videns ; prudens ; ne volo, nolo. For tho use
of V, in abbreviations, see Table of Abbrevia-
tions.
Vacalus = Vahalis (q. v.).
!nu,nn^}° SllV (VaC0 >- L a f™ Jo ™ f™m,
wiK^}h ^tl™ from anything, a being
U w A, V he ^"6 from whic1 ' °» e ^ treed
,f„ Ik -S? genit -' or In «>° abl. with ab,
caus.s rZ l *t e, S iC -> alicui dare vacationem a
causis, Lie b, the person who is freed is put
IB the genit, or the eau§e fo r wjjich one is
freed, adolescentiae, Cic. ; rerum gestarum,Cic.:
vacationcs milituin, Li v. ; c.absol., pretium ob
vacationem datum, Cic. II. Meton., money
paid for exemption from military service, Tac:
1. vacca -ae, f. a cow, Cic.
2. Vacca = Vapa (q.v.).
Vaccaei -oruin, rn. a people in Hispania
Tarraconensis.
vaccinium -li, n. the blueberry, whortle-
berry, Verg., Ov.
vaccinus -a -um (vacca), of or relating to a
cow, Plin.
vacef 10, v. vacuefaclo.
vaoerrosus -a -um, mad, crazy, Suet.
Vachalis = Vahalis (q.v.).
vacillatio -<5nis, f. (vaclllo), a rocking, red-
ing motion, Suet.
vacillo, 1. to totter, reel, stagger, wave to and
fro. I. Lit., litterulae vacillantes, written with
unsteady hand, Cic. ; of persons, ex vino, Cic. ;
in utramque partem toto corpore, Cic. IL
Fig., tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. ; of
persons, in aere alieno, to be deep in debt, Cic. ;
legio vacillans, wavering in its fidelity, Cic.
vacive, adv. (vacivus), idly, at leisure,
Phaedr.
vaclvitas -atis, f. (vacivus), emptiness, want
of anything ; cibi, Plaut.
vacivus -a -um (vaco), empty ; aedes, Plaut;
with genit., virium, powerless, Plaut.
vaco, 1. to be empty, void of anything, oe free
from, without anything. I. Lit, A. Gen., a,
absol., tota domus superior vacat, Cic; b, with
abl., natura caelestis et terra vacat humore,
Cic. B. Esp., of property, to be vacant, to have
no master; ut populns vacantia teneret, Tac.
II. Transf., A. Gen., to be free from something,
to be without; a, with abl., cura et negotio,
Cic. ; populo, to keep oneself far from the people,
Cic ; b, with ab and the abl., ab opere, Caes. ;
ab omni concitatione animi semper, Cic. ; a
metu et periculis, Li v. ; of tilings, haec a cus-
todiis classium loca maxiine vacabant, Caes. ; of
time, tantum quantum vacabit a publico officio
et niunere, Cic. _B. Esp., 1, to be free from
aiuies; with abl., muneribus, Cic. ; 2, to be free
from work, idle, at leisure, unoccupied, to have
time; a, of persons, (a) absol., scribes aliquid,
si vacalus, Cic. ; (j3) with dat, to have time for,
to have leisure for ; ego vero, inquam, philosoph-
lae semper vaco, Cic. ; (y) poet., with in and
the ace, in grande opus, Ov. ; b, impers.,
vacat ami vacat alielu, there is leisure for, there,
is time for; (a) with infin., hactenus indulsisse*
vacat, Verg. ; (/3) absol., dum vacat, Ov.
vacuefaclo -feci -factum, 3. (vacuus and
facio), and pass., vaciief lo (vacefio) -factns
sum -fieri (vacuus and fio), to make empty; in
pass. _ lo be empty ; inorte superioris uxoris
domum novis nuptiis, Cic. ; adventu tuo ista
subsellia vacuefacta sunt, Cic.
vactiitas -Stis, f. (vacuus), emptiness, vacuity,
freedom, exemption, immunity from, a being with-
out anything. I. Gen., a, with genit, doloris,
Cic. ; b, with ab and abl., ab angoribus, Cic.
II. Esp., the vacancy of a public office, e.g., of
vJie consulship, ap. Cic.
Vacuna -ae, f. the beneficent goddess of the
plain worshjpped at Reate, geddess of the Salines.
Adj., Vacunalis -e, of or belonging to Vacuna.
vacuo, 1. (vacuus), to make empty, void, to
empty, Lucr.
vacuus -a -um, empty, void, free from, exempt,
without. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, adj., a, absol.,
castra, Cas3, ; tlieatram, Hor. ; b, with abl,,
Vad
604
val
nihil igni vacuum, Cic; c, with ab and '.he abl.,
ab bis rebus, Cic. ; vacuum oppidnm ab defens-
oribus, Cues. ; 2, subst, vacuum -i, n, ■ i
empty place, vacuum; per vacuum incuircre,
Hur., or iiTumpere, Liv. B. Esp., 1, free,
meant, toithout a master ; pracda, Cic; possessio
regni, Caes. ; venire in vacuum or vacua, Hor.,
Cic; 2, of women, free, unmarried, Ov. II,
Transf., A. Gen., free from something, without,
keeping oneself free from ; a, with abl., animus
sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic ; b, with ab
ami the abl., animus a talibus faetis vacuus
et integer, Cic. ; c, with genit., vacuus operum,
Hor. B. Esp., 1, free from duties, freed; a,
with abl., tributo, Tac.; b, with ab and the
abl., ab oruni sumptu, Cic ; 2, a, free from
work, unoccupied, at leisure, idle ; (a) of persons,
quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic ; transf., of
places, where on-e is idle; Tibur, Hor.; (0) of
time, vacua nox operi, Liv. ; quum vacui tem-
poris nihil habebam, leisure, Cic; b, free from
anxiety or love ; animus vacuus ac solutus, Cic;
3, free from hindrances, Tac ; 4, of places, a,
free = open, accessible; portions, Verg. ; aures
vacuae, Hor. ; b, open, exposed ; mare, Tac ; 5,
empty = worthless, xi.seless, vain ; vacua uomina,
Tac
1. Vada -ae, f. a castle in the country of the
Baiavi.
1. Vadr. -oruni, n. a. town in I.iguria, now
Savona,
3. Vada Volaterrana -drum, u. apor' in
Elmria, south of Pisa, now Torre di Vado.
Vadimonis lacus, a lake in Etruria, now
Logo di Bassano.
vadimonium -ii, n. (l. vas), bail, security,
recognisance (for appearance beforo a court of
law); sine vadimonio disceditur, Cic; vadi-
monium constituerc, Cic. ; vadimonium obire or
ad vadimonium venire, to uppear on 6oiI(opp.
vadimonium deserere, to forjeit recognizances),
Cic.
vado. 3. (root VA, Gr. BA-u. whence
/3<uW), to go, walk, hasten, rush; baud dubiam
in mortem, Verg. ; ad aliquein postridie mane,
Cic. ; In eundem carcerem (of Socrates), Cic.
vador, 1. dep. (1. vas), to bind over by bail ;
hominem In praesentia non vadatur, Cic. ; tot
vadibus accusator vadatus est reum, Liv.; partic
pass., vndato, after bail hod been fixed, Hor.
vadosus -a -urn (vadum), full of shallows,
shallow ; mare, Caes.
vadum -i, n. (root VA, Gr. BA-w, whence
0ito* ->j -6v, pervius), a shallow, shoal, ford. I.
A. Lit., exereitum vado transducere, Verg. B.
Fig., cera tentet vadum, Ov. II. Transf., A.
Gen. = water, river, sea, Verg., Hor. B. ('"'
bnttnm of the water, Plin.
vae. Inter), (oval), to express pain or anger,
nhu: vnc! a, absol., Verg., Hor.; b, with dat.,
vae victis, Liv.
vaecors = vecora (q.v.).
vaesanus = vesanus (q.v.).
vafcr, vafra, vafrmn, artful, running, si/Wfr,
sly, croft y ; in disputaudo, Cic; Boimiiorum
vaferrimus interpres. Cic
vafre, adv. (vafer), artfully, cunningly,
craftily, Cic.
vafritia -ae, f. (vnfer), artfulness, slyness,
subtlety, cunning, Sen.
Vaga -ae, f. a. town in Numidia, now Begin.
Hence, Vagenaee -Ium, in. the inhabitants of
Vaga.
vage, adv. (vagus), scattered fur and wide,
disp'/'Sedly ; vage effusi per agroa, Liv,
vagina -ae, f. (connected with vas, a vessel),
the sheath of a word, scabbard. I. Lit., gladius
vagina vacuus, Cic. ; gladium e vagina educere,
Cic II. Transf., a sheath, case; esp., the hull
or husk of grain, Cic.
vaginula -ac, f. (dim. of vagina), a little
sheath or husk of grain, Plin.
vaglo -Ivi and -li -Ituin, 4. to cry, whimper like
a child ; repuerascere et in cunis vagire, Cic.
vagltUS -Qs, m. (vaglo), the crying of young
children; dare vagitus, Ov. J of the bleating of
goats, Ov.
1. vago, 1. and vagor, 1. dep. (vagus), to
wander about, ramble,rove. I. Lit., A. Gen., a,
of living creatures, in acris passim bestiaruin
more, Cic. ; of birds, olucres hue illuc passim
vagantes, Cic. ; b, of things, luna iisdem spntiis
vagatur quibus sol, Cic B. Esp., of ships anil
sailors, to cruise; cum lembis circa Lesbum,
Liv. II. Fig., vagabitur tuum nomen longe
atque late, will be spread, far and wide, Cic;
animus vagatus errore, Cic; vagabimur nostro
institute, digress, Cic
•J. vagor = vagitus (q.v.).
vagus -a -urn, wandering, roaming, roving,
unsettled, vagrant. I. Lit., a, of living crea-
tures, multitudo dispersa atque vaga, Cic. ;
inatronae vagae per vias, Liv.; plur. subst., vagi
quidam, wanderers, Liv. ; b, of things, luna,
Cic. ; venti, Hor. II. Transf., a, inconstant,
fickle; puella, Ot. ; sententia, Cic. ; b, general;
pars quaestionum, Cic; e, dijjusc, aimless;
orationis genus, Cic.
vab. (vaha), interj. ah ! oh ! Plaut.
Vahalis (Valis) -is, m. the Waal, the west
arm of the Rhine.
valde, adv. (syncop. for valid e. from vnlidus),
very, very much, great!;/, exceedingly; a, with
verbs, alioui arridere, Cic. ; valdius oblectare,
Hor. ; b, with adj., valde lti.ignus, Cic ; valdo
tenia, Cic. ; c, with adv., valde bene, valde
vehementer, valde graviter, Cic.
valedico, 3., v. valeo, I. B. 2. b.
valens -entis, p. adj. (from valeo), strong,
powerful. I. Lit., A. Gen., robust! et valentcs
satellites, Cic; valentissimi homines, Cic;
trunci, Verg. B. tnrM, healthy; medicus con-
iirmat propediem te valentem fore, Cic. II.
Transf., powerful, mighty; a, politically, by
armies, etc., viribus cum valentioro pugnarc,
Cic. ; b, intellectually, powerful, energetic, effect-
ive; valens dialecticus, Cic; fraus valentior
quam consilium iiieum, Cic
VAlentSr, adv. (valens), strongly, powerfully ;
valentius spirare, Ov.
Viilontulus -a -uin (dim. of valens), strong,
Plaut.
valeo -ill -Ituni, 2. to be- strong. I. Lit., A.
(ien., 1, puerilleutmagnuses ot multum valet,
Plant. ; 2, to be strong (bodily) for a particular
ytnr}Ktse; a, with prep., alios velocitate ad
oil: sum, alios viribus ad luctaudum valere, Cic;
b with infin., valoo stare aut, etc, Hor. ; valet
in'a suminis mutare deus, Hor. B. to be well,
healthy, strong ; 1, a, with adv., optime valoo,
Cic ; bene, melius, Cic ; in inns valeo, Cic. ; b, with
the abl., corpore, Cic; c, with aband abl. of dis-
ease, a morbo, Plant.; d. absol., valeo et salvux
sum, Plant.; hence the phrase at the commence-
ment of a letter, si vales, bene est (S. V. B. E.),
Cic ; also with the addition, ego or ego quoque
valeo (B. V. or E. Q. V.), Cic; 2, as a farewell
greeting, a, vale,valeas,«dfew,./aretceW, good-bye;
esp., as the usual ending of letters. Cic. ; cura
ut valeas, Cic: also as a farewell greeting to
the dead, Vrrj. ; as an expression of SCbrn,
Val
606
vap
refusal, rejection, si talis est deus, valeat, Jet me
have nothing to do with him, Cie. ; quare valeant
ista, away with them ! Cic ; b, valere jubere or
dicere, to say good-bye ; illuin salutavi, post
etiamjussi valere, Cic; nipronium vale dicere,
Ov. ; vale dicere (or in one word, valedicere), to
nay farewell, Sen. II. Transf., A. to avail, have
force, to be strong, prevail; 1, multuin eqnitatu,
Oaes.; plurimum proficere et valere, Cic. ; longe
plurimum valere ingenio, Cic; of things, sine
verltate nomen amicltiae valere non potest, Cic;
2, with reference to a certain object, a, with ad
and the ace, or in and the ace, or infln., to
have force for, to be able to, to be strong enough
for; tu non solum ad negligendas leges, veruvn
etiam ad cvertendas valuisti, Cic. ; of things,
illud perficiam, ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloiiam,
Cic; nee continere suos ab direptione castrornm
valuit, Liv. ; b, with in and the ace, to be of
avail against, to be tlesig tied for or against; in se,
in Roinanos, in ipsutn, Cic. ; detlnitio in omnes
valet, avails for cdl, Cic B. Esp., 1, to be
worth ; dum pro argenteis decern aureus unus
valeret, Liv.; 2, of words, to mean, signify;
verbnni, quod idem valeat, Cic.
V&leriUS -a -mil, name of a Roman gens, the
most Jamous members of which were : 1, P. Valerius
Volesus Publicola (Popl.), wlto look part in the
driving out of the Roman, kings ; 2, Qu. Valerius
Antias, a Roman chronicler, living about 140 B.C.,
used by Ltry. Adj., Valerian; tabula, a place
in tin Forum, near the. Curia Hostilin, where the
money-changers' stalls were. Hence, ValSria-
nus -a -urn, of or belonging to a Valerius.
valcsco -Ql, 2. (tnchoat. of valeo), to grow
strong. I. Lit., Lucr. II. Fig., superstitlonos,
Tac. ; tantuin spe conatuque valuit, Cic.
valetudinirius -a -um (valetudo), sickly,
Varr.
valetudo -Inis, f. (valeo), state of health,
physical condition, limit It. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
prosperitas valetudinis, Cic. ; incommoda, Cic. ;
adversa, Cic. ; inflrmii atque aegra" valetudine
usus, Cic; quasi mala valetudo animi, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, in a bad sense, ill-health, weakness;
oculorum, Cic. ; .flectus valetudine, ill, Caes. ;
plur., subsidia valetudinum, Cic. ; 2, in a good
sense, good health; valctudinem amiseram, Cic.
II. Transf., of discourse, Cic.
Valgius -a -urn, name of a Reman gens, the
most famous members of which were: 1, Valgius,
the father-in-law of Rutins ; 2, T. Valgius Rufus,
o distinguished poet.
valgus -a -um, bow-legged, bandy-legged,
Plant. ; transf., suavia, wry mouths, Plaut.
valide, adv. (validus). I. strongly, power-
fully, mightily; valldissime favore alicui, ap.
Cic II. Used in answers, certainly, to be sure,
Plaut.
validus -a -um (valeo), strong, powerful. I.
Lit., A. Gen., 1, tauri, Ov. ; vires, Verg. ; 2,
milit. t. t., of posts or stations, strong ; vallda
urbs et potens, Cio. ; valida urbs praesldiis,
muris, Liv. ; 3, of medicines, powerful, effi-
cacious; sucus, Ov. ; 4, of persons, superior,
having the advantage (in age) ; aetate et viribus
validior, Liv. B. healthy, well; si, ut spero, te
valldum videro, Cic. ; nondum ex morbo satis
validus, Liv. IL Transf., strong, powerful,
mighty, influential ; hostis validior, Lfv. ; with
abb, ingenium sapientia valldum, Sail.; with
dat, ludibrlum lllud vlx feminis puerisve mor-
andis satis valldum, Liv. ; with adversus and
the ace, adversus consentlentes nee regem
quemquam satis valldum nee tyrannum fore,
Valis = Vahalis (q.v.).
vallarls -e (vallus or vallum), of or relating
to the vallum ; corona, given to the soldier who
first mounted the fortifications of the hostile camp,
Liv.
valles (vallls) -is, t. a vale, valley. I.
Lit., vicus positns in vallo, Caes. II. Poet.,
transf., a hollow ; alarum, Cat.
Vallo, 1. (vallus or vallum), to surround, for-
tify with a mound and jxilisade. I. Lit, castra,
Tac. II. Transf., to fortify, protect, strengthen ;
Catillna vallatns sicariis, Cic; sol radlis frontem
vallatus, Ov.
valluri -i, n. (vallus). I. a mound or wall
defended with palisades, a stoelcade; oppidum
vallo et fossil cingere, Cic ; vallum scindere,
Oaes. II. Transf., a wall, fortification , defence;
spica munitur vallo aristarum, Cie.
1. vallus -i, m. a post, stake. I. Gen., used
as a pro]) for vines, Verg. II. Esp., to form a
palisade; ferre vallum, Cic; collective (for
vallum), the palisade, stockade; duplex vallus,
Caes. ; poet., transf., vallus pectinis, the teeth of
a comb, Ov.
2. vallus -i, f. (dim. of vannus), a small
winnowing-fan, Varr.
valvae -arum, f. folding-doors; effractis
val vis (fani), Cic.
valvatus -a -um (valvae), provided with
folding-doors, Varr.
Vand&li -orum, m. the Vandals, in tlie time
nf Tacitus a tribe in North Germany, wlto, in. the
fifth century, invadetl the south of Europe, and
settled in Spain and Africa.
vanesoo, 3. (vanus), to pass away, disappear,
vanish. I. Lit, nubes, Ov. II. Transf., amor,
Ov.
Vangiones -um, m. a German people on the
Rhine, near modern Worms.
viniuious -a -um (vanus and dico), talking
vainly, lying, Plaut.
vanlloquentia -ae, f. (vanus and loquor),
idle talking, vaunting, Liv.
vanilSquus -a -um (vanus and loquor). I
lying, Plant. II. boasting, vaunting, Liv.
vanitas -atis, f. (vanus), emptiness. I. Gen.,
a. unreality, superficiality, untruth; oplnionum,
Cic; b, failure, fruitlessness ; itineris, Liv. II.
Esp., idle talk, lying, boasting, ostentation;
orationis, Cic. ; nihil turplus est vanitate, Cic.
vanitudo -Inis, f. (vanus), idle, lying talk,
Plaut.
vannus -i, f. a winnowlng-fan ; vannus
mystica Iacchl (borne at the Bacchic festival!,
Verg.
vanus -a -um (connected with vastus), empty,
void. I. Lit., arista, Verg. ; imago, shade, spirit
(as beiiig bodiless), Hor. ; vanior acleshostiuni,
Liv. II. Fig., vain, meaningless, lying, fruit-
less, idle, groundless. A. Of things, 1, adj.,
oratio, Cic. ; apes, Ov. ; gaudla, Hor. ; of mis-
siles, ictus, Liv. ; 2, neut. subst., that which is
empty or win; haustiim ex vano, from a false
source, Liv. ; poet., vana tumens, with empty
show, Verg. ; with genlt., vana rerum, Hor. B,
Of persons, 1, one whose action is without con-
sequence ; ne vanus iisdeni castris asslderet, in
vain, Liv. ; 2. esp. in moral sense, lying, vain,
ostentatious, fickle, inconstant, boastful: harus-
pex, Cic. ; vanum se esse et perfldiosum fateri,
Cic. ; vanus auctor est, deserves no credence, Ltv.
vapide, adv. (vapldus), mouldily ; vaplde
se habere, to be " seedy" Aug. ap. Suet.
vapid i -a -11111 (root VAP, wheno : vappa),
spoiled, flat, vapid, Pera-
vap
606
vas
4 apor (Vapos) -Oris, m. fapSiir, statm. I.
Gen., nquarum, Cic. ; poet. = heat, Verg. II.
Esp., warn exhalation, warmth; semen tepe-
fuctum vapore, Cic. ; locus vaporis pienus, Liv.;
pcct. =fire ; vapor est (= edit) carinas, Verg.
vaporarium -ii, n. (vapor), a five for con-
veying hot air, Cic.
vapdratlo -Onis, f. (vaporo), an exhalation,
steaming; steam, vapour, Plin.
vaporo, 1. (vapor). I. Intransit., to steam,
reek, tig., Lucr. II. Transit., to fill with warm
vcrpour, to fumigate, heat, to warm; a. laevum
latus, Hor. ; b, to incense, fumigate; templum
ture, Verg.
vappa -ae, f. (root, VAP, whenco vapidus),
spoiled, flat wine. I. Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a
good-for-nothing, worthless fellow, Hor.
vapularis -e (vapulo), well whipped, Plaut.
vapfllo -avi -Stflrus, 1. to cry out like one that
is beaten ; meton.= to be flogged, whipped, beaten.
I. Lit., Lucr., Plaut. II. Transf., a, of troops,
to be beaten ; ap. Cic. ; b, to be attacked by words;
omnium lermonibus, Cic.
Varguntejus -i, m., Lucius, a Roman sena-
tor and accomplice of Catiline.
1. varia -ae, f. (varius). I. a panther, Plin.
II. a kind of magpie, Plin.
2. Varia -ae, f. a town in Italy, on the right
bank of the Anio, now Vico-Varo.
variantia -ae, f. (varlo), difference, varia-
tion, Lucr.
varlanus -a -um (varius), many-coloured,
varicoloured, Plin.
vaiiatlO-Cnis, f.(vario), difference, variation ;
eosdem cou9ules sine ulla variatione diccre, Liv.
varico, 1. (various), to stand with feet apart,
to stradflle, Varr.
varicosus -a -lira (vnrix), having varicose
veins, Juv.
various -a -uni (varus), straddling, Ov.
varie, adv. (varius). I. with various colours,
Plin. II. varimrsly, in different ways ; numerus
varie diffusus, Cic; varie bpllatnm, with varying-
success, Liv.
varietas -atls, f. (I. varius), variety, difference,
diversity. L Lit., of colours, Aomin, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., variety, difference, diversity;
pomorum, Cic. ; plur., varietates temporum,
Cic. B. Esp., 1, variety, manysidedness ; of
ideas, knowledge, etc., multiplex ratio disput-
andi rerumque varietas, Cic. ; 2, difference in
opinion; in disputationibus, Cic; 3, fickleness,
■inconstancy, changeable humour; venditorum,
Cic
vario, 1. (1. varius). I. Transit,, to vary,
diversify, variegate, makevarious, tochange, niter,
vary. A. Lit,', 1, vocem, Cic; capillos, Ov. ;
2, to make particoloured, to colour, spot; (sol)
variat ortum maculis, Verg. B. Transf., to
change a thing in its nature, to alter, interchange
with; a, caloresque frigoraqne, Liv.; volnpt-
atem, Cic; b, to vary in writing or speaking, to
give a different account of; quae rle Maroelli morte
variant anctores, relate differently, Liv. ; c, to
change the issue of; variants foitunS eventuin,
Liv. ; d, to change an opinion cause to waver;
qunm timor atque Ira in vicem sententias vari-
assent, Liv.; in pass., variari, to waver, be divided,
to vary ; variatis hominum sententiis, Liv. II.
Intransit., to be different, to vary. A. Lit. vari-
antes formae, Lurr. B. Transf., to change,
vary, alter, waiter; 1, of things, a, sic rnei
variant tiinores, Ov. ; dissidct et variat sen-
tentia, Ov. ; b, to vary (in an account or rela-
tion), quamqumn et opinlonlbus et monumentis
litterarUtn variarent, Liv. ; 2, of persons, to
vary, be of different opinions, waver; fremitus
variantis multitudinis, Liv.
1. varius -a -uin, manifold. I. Of colour, .
diversified, variegated, various ; columnae, Hor. ;
caelum, Ov. ; iynces, Verg. II. Tran. r ., of
nature, various, manifold, changeable, diverse.
A. Of things, a, varium poeina, varia oratio,
varii lnores, varia fortuna, voluptaa etiam valia
dici solet, Cic ; b, of opinion, varying; quales
sint (dii) varium est, different opinions are Held,
Cic. ; c, of success, changing, varying, uncer-
tain; fortunae varii eventus, Caes. B. Of
persons, a, many-sided, of various information;
varius et multiplex et copiosus fuit, Cic. ; b, of
character, fickle, changeable ; animus, Sail. ; var-
ium et mutabile semper feuiina, Verg.
2. Varius -a -urn, name of a Roman gens, the
most famous members of which were: 1, Q. Variu9
Hybrida, of Sucro, in Spain, tribune oj the people,
91 B.C., author of a lex de majestate ; 2, L. Varius,
a poet, the friend of Horace and Vergil.
varix -Icis, c. a varicose vein, esp. in the
leg, Cic.
Varro -5nis, m. a surname in the Gens Teren-
tia, the most famous members of which were: 1, C.
Terentius Varro, and 2, M. TerentiusVarro, v.
Terentius; 3, P. Terentius Varro Atac-iiius,_«
poet, born 82 B.C., died 37 B.C. Hence, Varro-
nianus -a -um, Varronian ; milites, who served
under C. Terentius Varro, Liv.
1. varus -a -um, deviating from the right
line. I. Lit,, bent ouUcards ; a, cornua, Ov. ;
manns, Ov. ; b, bandy-legged ; subst., o bandy-
legged man, Hor. II. Transf., diverse, different;
alteram (genus) huic varum, Hor.
2. varus -i, m. a pimple or boil on the face,
Plin.
3. Varus -1, m. a name of several Roman
families, the most famous members of which were:
1, Q. Attius Varus, n leader inthe Civil War; 2,
P. Alfenus Varus, consul and celebrated lawyer;
3, P. Quinti'iius Varus, the celebrated general of
Augustus, defeated and killed with his army by
Arminius, 9 B.C.
4. Varus -i, ni. a river in Gallia Narbon-
ensis, now the Var.
1. vas, vadis, m.(vado), a bail, surety ; vades
poscere, Cic ; vades deserere, Liv. ; vas factus
est alter (Damon) eius sistendi, Cic.
2. vas, vSsis, n. (plur., vasa-orum), a vessel,
vase, utensil of any kind. I. Gen., vas vinariuin,
Cic. II. Esp., plur., war materials, baggage;
vasa colligere, to pack up one's baggage, Cic. ;
vasa conclamare, to give the signal for pocking
up, Caes.
vasarium -ii, n. (2. vas). I. money given to the
governor of a province for his outfit, Cic. II. the
hire of an oil-jiress, Cato.
VascSnes -um, m. a peopiUin Hispania Tar-
raeonensis.
vascularius -Ii, m. (vasculum), a maker oj
metal vessels and dishes, goldsmith, Cic
vasciilum -i, n. (dim. of 2. vas). I. a small
vessel or dish, Cato. II. fc seed capside of cer-
tain fruits, Plin.
va.Bta.tio -onis, f. (vasto), u devastating, lay-
ing waste; agri, Liv.; omnin. \ Cic; plur.,
depopulations, vastationes, caedeo. rapinae, Cic.
vastator -Oris, m. (vasto), devastator, rav-
ager; Arcadiae (of a boar), Ov. ; feruTUT), «
hunter, Verg.
vaste, adv. (vastus). I. widely, vastly, ex-
tensively; vastins Insurgens, Ov. II. rudely,
roughly ; loqui, Cic.
vaa
607
?eh
VaStificiis -a -urn (vastus andl'aclo), laying
tvaste, devastating, ravaging, Cic. poet.
vastitas -atis, f. (vastus), an empty space,
waste, emptiness. I. Lit., A. Gen., judiciorum
vastitas etfori, Cic. B. Esp., emptiness through
laying waste, devastation, desolation; Italiam
totatu ad exitium ot vastitatcm vocare, Cic. II.
Meton., 1, vastness, vast size, Plin. ; 2, plur.,
vastitates, the devastators ; piovineiaruin vasti-
tates, Cic.
vastities -SI, f. (vastus), devastation, destruc-
tion, Plant.
vasto, 1. (vastus), to empty, make empty. I.
Gen., forum, Cic; with abl., agros cultoribus,
Verg. II. Esp., 1, a, to waste, lay waste, ravage,
devastate; agros, Cae3.,Cic. ; omnia ferroignique,
Liv. ; b, to plunder; cultores, Tac. ; 2, fig., to
prey upon; ita conscientia mentem exeitam
vasta bat, Sail.
vastus -a -urn (root VA, whence vanus),
empty, waste, deserted, desolate. I. Lit., A. Gen.,
a, absol., loci coaedi Haiti an vasti, Cic. ; b, with
ab and the abl., urbs a defensoiibus vasta, Liv.
B. Esp., made empty by ravages, devastated;
solum, Liv. ; poet., haec ego vasta dabo, will
ravage, Verg. II. Meton., 1, vast, fearful in
size, enormous, frightful, horrible; vasta et im-
manis belua, Caes.; mare, Caes. ; 2 ? rough, rude,
unrefined; vastus homo atque loedus, Cic;
littera vastior, rougher, Cic.
vates -is, c a prophet, soothsayer, seer. I.
Lit., A. Liv., Cicero quae nunc usu veniunt
cecinit ut vates, Cic. B. Esp., the inspired
proplcetic singer, bard, poet ; cothurnatus, a
tragic poet, Ov. ; Maeonius, Homer, Ov.; Lesbia,
Sappho, Ov.; vates Aeneidos, Vergil, Ov. II,
Transf., a teacher, master, Plin. (genit. plur., geu.
vatum, also vatium).
Vaticanus-a-um, Vatican; mom, collis, the
Vatican Hill on the west side of the Tiber, Hor. ;
plur., Vaticani colles, the hill with its surround-
ings, Cic; ager Vaticanus, the country round
the Vatican, notorious for its bad soil, which pro-
duced jioor wine, Cic.
vaticmatio -Cnis, f. (vatlcinor), a sooth-
saying, prophesying ; earum litterarum vaticlna-
tionem falsam esse cupio, Cic. ; plur., sortes et
vaticinationes, Caes.
vaticinator -oris, m. (vaticinor), a sooth-
sayer, prophet, Ov.
vaticinium -li, n. (vates), a prophecy, Plin.
vaticinor, 1. dep. (vates), to prophesy. I,
Lit., A. Gen., vaticinari furor vera solet, Cic. ;
with ace and infin., saevam laesi fore numini3
iram, Ov. B. Esp., 1, to warn as a seer, Ov. ;
2, to teach as a seer ; doctum quendam virum
carminibus Graecis vaticinatum ferunt, Cic. II.
Trans f., to talk nonsense, to rave; sed ego fort-
asse vaticinor, Cic.
vaticinus -a -urn (vates), sootlisaying, pro-
phetic, Liv., Ov.
vatillum (batillum) -i, d. a chafing-dish'
Hor.
Vatinius -a -nm, the name of a Roman family,
the most notorious member of xvhichwasP. Vatinius,
o dependent of Caesar, so often attacked by Cicero
that odium Vatinianum and crimina Vatiniana
became proverbial. Hence, Vatinianus -a
-urn, Vatinian.
vat is = vates (q.v).
vatlus -a -ran, bent imcards (applied to
knock -kneed persons), Van - .
"i. -ve (shortened form of vel), enclitic, or, or
perhaps; duabus tribusve horis, Cic. ; poet., vc
. . . ve, Ov., ve . . . aut, Prop., either . . . or.
2. ve- (vae), an inseparable particle, express*
ing excess or deficiency ; e.g., vecors, vegrandis,
Vesanus.
Vccilius mons, a mountain in Latium.
vecordia (vaecordia) -ae, f. (vecors;,
senselessness, foolishness, madness, Sail., Ter.
vecors (vaecors) -cordis, abl. -cordi, genit.
plur. -jordlutu (2. ve and cur), silly, senseless,
foolish, mad, insane; a, of persons, vecordes
sine colore, Cic. ; vecors do ^tribunal! decurrit,
Liv.; iste vecordissimus, Cic. ; b, of tilings,
impetus, Liv.
vectabilis -e (vecto), that can be carried,
portable, Sen.
vectatlO -5nis, f. (vecto), a riding, driving,
sailing, etc ; equi, Suet.
vectigal -galis, abl. -gali, n. (for vectigale,
from vectigalis), revenue. I. Of the state, or;
of individual magistrates ; a, of the state, a tax, -
impost, duty; portorium, dues on merchandise ;
ex scriptura, a rent paid for the state paslureland;:
decunia, a tithe on grain; portoria reliquaque
vectigalia, Caes.; vectigal pergrande imponere.
agro, Cic. ; vectigalia pendfire, topay, Cic ; b, of'
magistrates, praetorium, presents to governors./
Cic. ; aedilicium, contribution through the gover--
nors of piwinces to the acdiles for the games at
Rome, Cic II. private income, revenue ; ex ineo.
tenui vectigali, Cic
vectigalis -e (veho). I. of, or relating to
taxes ; a, paid in taxes; pecunia, taxes, Cic. ; b,
liable to taxes, tributary; civitas, Cic; Ubios
sibi vectigales facere, Cic II. bringing in in-
come for private persons ; equi, Cic.
vectio -5nis, f. (veho), a carrying, conveyance;
quadripedum vectiones, Cic.
vectis -is, m. (veho), a lever. I. Gen., for
lifting or for breaking something, a crow-bar;
signum vectibus labefacere, Cic. ; bireiues im-
pellere vectibus, Caes. II. Esp. = K \tis, a large
bar for fastening a door, a bar, bolt, Cic, Verg.
vecto, 1. (intens. of veho), to carry, convey ;
plaustris ornos, Verg. ; fructus ex agris, Liv.. ;
pass., to ride ; equis, Ov. ; or to be driven; car-
pentie per urbem, Liv.
Vectones = Vettones (q.v.).
vector -5ris, m. (veho). I, one who carries,
a carrier, bearer, Ov. II. Pass., one who is
carried ; 1, on a ship, a passenger, a seafaring
man, Verg. ; 2, on a horse, a rider, Ov.
vectorius -a -um (vector), of or relating to
carrying ; navigia, trans ;■< nte, Caes.
vectura -ae, f. (veho). I. a conveying, car-i
rying by ship or carriage ; frumenti, Caes. ; sine
vecturae periculo, of a sea-passage, Cic. II..
Meton. passsage-money, fare, Plaut.
vSgeo, 2. (connected with vigeo), to stir vp,
quicken, excite to rapid motion, Enn.
v&getus -a -um (vegeo), lively, vigorous,
active ; homo, Cic. ; mens, Cic ; ingenium, Liv.
vegrandis -e. I. small, tiny, diminutive;
farra, Ov. II. of huge size, very great; homo
vegrandi macie torridus, Cic.
vehemens -entis. I. violent, veliement,
furious, imjjetuous ; a, of living "jjings, nimia
es vehemens feroxque naturS, Cic. ; in agendo,
Cic. ; se vehementem praebere in aliquem, Cic;
lupus, Hor. ; b, of abstractions, vehemens et
pugnax exordium dicendl, Cic. II. Transf.,
strong, powerful, vigorous; vehementius telum,
Liv. ; veheinentior somnus, Liv. (also vemens,
Lucr., Cat, Hor.).
vehemente'r, adv. (vehemens). I. vehtr
mently, violently ; agere, Cic. ; ingemuisse vehe-
mentius, Cic. ; se vehemeDtissime exercere In
veh
608
ve\
allqua re, Caes. II. Transf., strongly, power-
/ally, forcibly, exceedingly ; hoc te vehemeuter
etiam atque etiam rogo, Cic. ; vehemeuter do-
lectari, Cic. ; vehementissime displicet, Cic. ;
vehementer utilis, Cic.
v&hementla -ae, f. (vehemens). I. vehe-
mence, violence, passionateness, Plin. II, Transf.,
ttnngth, power, Plin.
Vches -is, f. (velio), a cartload, Cato.
voliiculum -i, n. (veho), a vehicle, convey-
ance; a, by water, a boat, skiff, Cic; b, by
land, a waggon, carriage; vehieulum frumento
onustum, Liv.
veho, vexi, vectum (root VE, whence vea,
old Lut. = via), to carry, hear, convey. I. Transit.,
A. Act., a, of men, on the shoulders or the
back, in the arms, etc.; reticulum humero, Hor.;
of animals, taimis qui vexit Enropam, Cic; b,
on water, quos vehit unda, Vcrg. ; c, on horse-
back, in a carriage, triumphantem (Camillum)
albi vexerant equi, Liv. ; d, in other manners,
formica, vehit ore cibum, Ov. ; transf., quod fu-
giens hora vexit, Hor. B. Pass., vehi, as middle ;
a, to ride, drive ; curru vehi, Cic. ; in navi, Cic;
vehi post se, Liv.; b, to advance; sex motibus
vehitur, Cic. ; c, to fly ; apes trans aethera
vectae, Verg. II. Intransit., to be borne, to ride;
only in partic. pres. and gerund, vehens qnad-
rigis, Cic.
Velus, v. Veji.
Vejens, v. Veji.
Vejento -5nls, m. a surname of the Fabricii,
one of whom, a contemporary of Cicero, was left
governor of Syria by Bibulus.
Veji -Srum, in. an old town in Etruria, for a
long time the rival of Rome, dctroyed by Camillus,
near modern Isola. Hence, A. Vejens -eiitis,
m. Veientine; subst., Vejen3 -eiitis, in. a
Veientine ; plur., Vejentos -mil, in. the Veien-
tines. B. Vejentanus -a -um, Veientine ;
subst, Vejentanum -i, n. a kind of poor wi -•>,
Hor. C. Velus -a -um, Veian.
Vejovis (VedlSvis) -is, m. (ve and Jovis),
an old Roman avenging deity identified with
Jupiter of the lower world, ar-i.with Apollo.
vel(lit, imper. of volo = take what you will,
the one err the other). A. Gen., 1, when alone,
or; oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt, Cic. ;
used with potius to correct a previous state-
ment) ex hoc populo indornito vel potius iin-
mani, Cic ; 2, doubled (.sometimes repeated
three or four times), either . . or; cur non
adsum vel spectator laudum tuarum vel parti-
ceps vel socius vel minister consiliorum? Cic. ;
the last statement is sometimes emphasised by
joining to vel etiam or vero or omnino ; quae
vel au usum vltae vel etiam ad Ipsam rem-
publlcam conferro possumus, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
and also; pariter pietato vel armis, Verg. ; 2,
In a climax, or even, actually ; per me vel stortas
licet, Cic. ; often used with the superl., vel
maxime, especially, Cic. ; 3, a. especially ; est
tibiex his ipsis, qui adsunt, bella copia, vel ut
a te Ipso ordiare, Cic. ; b, for example ; raras
tuas quidem, Bed suaves acciplo litteras ; vel
quas proximo acceperam, quam prudentes, Cic.
Velabrum -1, n. a district in Rome le.ween
the vievs Tuscus and the forum boarium.
velamen -Inls, n. (velo), a covering, clothing,
garment, Verg.
velamontum -i, n. (velo). I. o covering,
Sen. II, Esp. velamenta, the, olive-branches
wound round with wool, carried by suppliants;
l-amos oleao ac velamenta aim supplicum por-
Jigentes, Liv-
Velaris -e (velum), belonging li) rt nci'tain ;
anulus, a euriain-rUig, Plin,
velarium -li, n. (velum), the awning spread
over the uncovered part of a theatre, Juv.
velatl -Oram, m., milit. 1. 1., the reserve,
supernumerary troops who took the place of those
who fell in battle; used always iu the phrase,
acceusi velati, Cic.
veles -Itis, m., usually plur., velites, light-
armed infantry, skirmishers, Liv. ; transf., scurra
veles, Cic.
V£lia -ae f. I. a district on the Palatine
Hill in Rome. VL the Latin name of the Lucanian
town. Elea ('EAe'a), now Caste!!' a Mare cie.lla
liruca. Hence, A. Veliensis -e, Velian. B.
Velinus -a -inn, Veline.
vellfer -f£ra -ffirum (velum and fero), carry-
ing sail, Ov.
veliflcatio -onis, f. (velilieo), a sailing; Cic.
vellflco, 1. (velificus), to sail. I. Intransit.,
Prop. II. Transit,, partic, veliflcatus -a
•tun, sailed through; Athos, Juv.
veliflcor, 1. dep. (velificus), to spread the
sails, sail; hence, I. to sail, Prop. II. Fig.,
to work with full sails, to strive for earnestly, be
zealous for; alicui, ap. Cic. ; hoBOii suo, Cic.
velificus -a -um (velum and facio), sailing,
Plin.
1. Velinus, v. Velia.
2. Velinus -i, m. a lake in the Sabine country,
drained by the consul if. Curins Dentatus, now
Pie di Lugo or Lai/o delle Marmore. Hence,
Velina tribus, the tribe in the valley of the
Velinus, Cic.
Voliocasses -lam, in. and Veliocassl
■firum, in. a Gallic people on the right bank of the
Seine, whose, capital was Rodomagns, now Rouen.
Velltaris -e (veles), of or relating to the velites
or light-armed troops ; arnia, Sail. ; hastoe, Liv.
velltatio -onis, f. (velitor), skirmishing ;
transf., a wrangling, bickering, Plaut.
velitor, 1. dep. (veles), to skirmish ; transf.,
to wrangle, dispute, Plant.
Volitrae -arum, f. a town of the Volsci *»
Latium, now Velelri. Hen'e, Vellternus -a
-um, of Velitrae.
velivolans = velivolus^q.v.).
vellvdlus -a -um (velum and volo), flying
with sails; of ships, rates, Ov. ; of the sea,
traversed by sails, Verg.
Vellaunodunum -i, n. a town in Gallia
Lvgduncnsis, now Chatcan-Landon or Montargis.
Vellavi -firum, m. a Celtic, people in modern
Velay in the. Cevennes.
Vellejus -a -um, n Roman gens, the most
celebrated members of which were: 1, C. Vellejus
Paterculus, a famous Roman historian under
Augustus and Tiberius ; 2, C. Vellejus, friend
oftht orator Crassus, tribune of the. people, 01 B.C.
vellioatlo -onis, f. (vellico), a plucking;
fig., twitting, taunting, Sen.
vellico, 1. (intena. of vello), to pluck, twitch.
I. Lit, Piaut. II. to taunt, criticise, censure,
rail at; in circulls, Cic. ; absentem, Hor.
vello, vulsi (volsi) and veil!, vulsum (vol-
sum), 3. to pluck, pull, twitch. I. Gen., alicui
barbam, Hor. ; latus digitis (to arrest a person's
attention), Ov.; aurem.Verg. II. Esp., to pluck
off, pluck out ; a. spinas, Cic; postes a cardine,
Verg. ; b, milit. 1 1, vallum, topull up the jiaU-
sade, and so tear down the rampart, Liv. ; signn,
to take the standards out of the ground, to match
away, Liv.; transf., of bees, cRstrlB slgna, Verg.
Vel
GOO
ven
Vellocasses = Veliocaascs (q.v.).
vellus -eris, n. (root VELL, whence villus,
connected with pellis), wool when shorn off, a
fleece. I. A. Lit, vellera motis traliere dignis,
to spin, Ov. B. Meton., the whole skin, with the
wool, either on ovoffthe animal ; Phrixea vellera,
Ov. ; port, transi. , any hUle, e.g., of a lion or
stag, Ov. II. Transf. of that which is like ivool,
lanae velleiii, per caelum feiTi, fleecy clouds, Verg.
velo, 1. (velum), to cover, veil, envelop. I.
A. Lit., capita amictu, Verg. ; toga velatus,
Liv. B. Transf., to crown, adorn; tempora
invito, Verg. ; caput velatum filo, Liv. II.
Pig., 'o hide, conceal, veil; odium fallacibua
blanditiis, Tac.
velocitas -:tt is, f. (velox), quickness, rapidity,
velocity. I. Lit., velocitas corporis celeritas
vocatur, Cic. II. Transf., mali, Plin.
VelOClter, adv. (velox), quickly, rapidly,
swiftly ; aliquid velociter auferre, Ov. ; velocins
pervolare in liane sedem, Cic; velocissiuie
moveri, Cic.
velox -ficis (from 2. volo, as ferox from fero),
swift, rapid, quick, fleet. I. Lit., pedites veloc-
issimi, Gaes. ; corvi, Verg. ; jaculum, Verg. ;
toxicum, quick in operation, Hor. ; poet, for adv.,
ille velox desilit in latices, Ov. II. Transf.,
animus, Hor.; nihil est animo velocius, Cic.
1. velum -i, n. (from vehe, as prelum from
premo), a sail. I. Lit, antenniu subnectere
totum velum, Ov. ; sing, collect., velo et remige
portus intrat, Ov. ; gen. plur., vela dare, to
sail away, Verg., Ov. ; vela facere, to have all.
the sails set, Verg.; tig., dare vela ad id, unde
aliquis status ostenditur, Cic. ; pandere vela
orationis, to Jolloio Vie current of one's speech,
Cic; vela contrahere, Cic. ; prov., remis velis-
que, with all one's might, Cic II. Meton., a
ship; reditnra vela tenebat euvus, Ov.
2. velum (root VE, whence vestis), a cover-
ing, curtain; tabernacula carousel's intenta velis,
Cic; velis amicti, non togis, wrapped up like
women, Cic.
velumen = vellus (q.v.).
veliit (veluti), adv. as, even as, just as. I.
Correl. with sic foil. A. Gen., velut in cantu
et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius natura et
figura varios modos ciere, Cic. B. Esp., to intro-
duce a simile, ac veluti magno in popnlo quum
saepe coorta est seditio, sic, etc., Verg. II.
Absol., A. Gen., velut hesterno die, Cic. ; veluti
pecora, Sail. B. Esp., 1, to introduce an ex-
ample, os, as fur instance; in bestiis aquatilibus
iis, qu;ie gignuntur in terra, velut crocodili, etc.,
Cic. ; 2, to introduce a comparison, as, just as;
frena dabat Sipylus, veluti quum praescius
imbris, etc., Ov. ; 3, velut si, or simply velut,
to introduce a hypothetical comparison, as if,
just as if, just as though; a, velut si; abseutis
Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset,
horrerent, Caes.; b, velut or veluti alone; velut
ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset, Liv.
vemens = vehemens (q.v.).
vena -ae, f. a blood-vessel, vein. I. A. Lit.,
1, venae et arteriae a corde tractae, Cic. ; 2, =
arteria, an artery; plur.= the pulse ; si cui venae
sic moventur, is habet febrein, Cic. B. Transf.,
a, a water-course ; venas et flumina fontis
elicuere sui, Ov. ; b, a vein of metal; aeris,
argenti, auri, Cic; meton. = metal ; venae
pejoris aevum, Ov. ; c, a vein or streak in wood
or stone, Ov. II. Fig., 1, met, the inmost, vital
part; perioulum inclusum in venis et visceribus
reipublicae, Cic. ; 2, a vein of talent, disposition,
natural, inclination : benigna ingenii vena, Hor.
venabulum -i, n. (venor), a hunting-spear;
8pm m venabulo percutere, Cic.
20
Vendfrum -i, n. n very old toWil fi/ the
Samnites in Campania, famous fur its oil, near
modern Venafro, Hence, Venafranus -a -turn
Venafran.
venalicius -a -tlm (venalis). \. of or relat-
ing to sale; suiist., venalicia -linn, n. import
and export icare.i; portoria venallcium, Liv. II.
Ksp., relating lo the sale of slaves ; subst, vena-
licius -ii, in. a slave-dealer, Cic.
venalis -e (2. venus). I. on sale, to be sold ;
horti, Cic. ; subst., venales, skives put up for
sale, Cic. II. Transf., that can be bought 'With
bribes or gifts, venal ; vox, Cic. ; habere venalem
in Sicilia jurisdictionem, Cic.
venaticus -a -um (venatus), of or relating tt
the chase ; canis, Hor.
venatio -onis, f. (venor). I. the chase, hunt-
ing. A. Lit., aucupium atque venatio, Cic. B,
Meton., game; venatio capta, Liv. II. a wild-
beast hunt in the circus or amphitheatre ; ludorum
venationumque apparatus, Cic
venator -oris, m. (venor), a hunter, sports-
man, Cic; tig., physieus id est. speculator
venatorque naturae, Cic
venatorius -a -um (venator), of or relating
to hunting or the cliase ; galea, Nep.
venatrix -Icis, f. (venator), a. huntress, Ov.,
Verg.; attrib., puella, Diana, Juv.
venatura -ae, f. (venor), a hunting, Plant. '
venatUS -us, m. (venor), the chase, hunting ;
labor in venatu, Cic.
vendax -acis, (vendo), /ond of selling, Cato.
vendibilis -e (vendo). I. on sale, saleable ;
ilia via Hcrculanea, Cic. II. Transf., pleasant,
acceptable ; oratio, Cic. ; sint ilia vendibilioi-a, Cic.
venditarius -a -um (vendo), on sale, sale-
able, Plant.
venditatio -onis, f. (vendito), a putting up
for sale; hence, tig. = a boasting, vaunting dis-
play ; venditatio atque ostentatio, Cic; sine
venditatione, Cic.
venditator -oris, in. (vendito), a vaunter,
boaster, Tac.
vcmiitio -onis, f. (vendo), a selling, scde. I.
Gen., venditioni exponere, to expose for sale, Tac
II. Esp., sale by auction; bonorum, Cic; plur.,
quain ad diem proscriptiones venditionesque
tlant, Cic.
vendito, 1. (intens. of vendo), to offer for
sale repeatedly, try to sell. I. Lit, Tuscnlanum,
Cic. II. Transf., 1, to sell (corruptly) ; decreta,
Cic. ; pacem pretio, Liv. ; 2, to cry up, praise,
recommend ; operam suam alicui, Liv.; se alicui,
Cic; so existimationi hominum, Cic.
venditor -oris, m. (vendo), a seller, vendor,
Cic.
vendo -dldi -ditum, 3. (contr. from venum do),
to sell, vend. I. A. Lit., 1, gen., aliquid
pecnniS grandi, Cic. ; male, cheap, Cic. ; partic
subst, venditum -i, n. sale; ex empto aut
vendito, Cic; 2, esp., a, to sell by auction;
bona civiuin, Cic ; b, to let out to the highest
bidder; decumas, Cic. B. Transf., a, to sell,
betray for money; auro patriam, Verg.; b, to
give oneself up to, to devote to (for money or some
advantage), se regi, Cic. II. Fig., to cry up, re-
commend ; Ligarlanam, Cic. (the passive of
vendo is veneo, as in classical Latin venditus
and vendendus are the only passive forms of
vendo used).
voncf iclum -Ii, n. (veneflcus). I. a poison-
ing; meton. =■ poison, Liv. II. the preparation
of magical draughts, magic, sorcery, Cic. .
veneficus -a -um (venenum and facio),
poisoning, poisonous, magical. I. Adj., artes,
Ven
810
veil
Hin. J verba, Ov. II. Subst., A. venef icus
-i, m. a poisoner, an enchanter, Cic B. vone-
fica -ne, f. a poisoner, a witch, llor.
Venelli -Orum, m. a Gallic tribe in modern
North-West Normandy,
Venenarius -H in. (venenum), a poisoner,
Suet.
venenatus -a -um (venenum)- I. poisonous,
poisoned ; a, lit., vipera, Cic. ; telv.in, Cic. ; b,
fig., jocua, Ov. II. enchanted ', Virgo, Ov.
v8nenlf£r -f5ra -ferum (venenum and fero),
poisonous, Ov.
veneno, 1. (venenum), to poison; carnem, Cic.
venenum -i, n. I. A. poison; 1, lit, venen-
um alieui dare, Cic. ; aliquem veneno Decare,
Cic.; dare venenum in poculo Cic; 2, llg.=
ruin, destruction, bane; discordip. est venenum
urViis, Liv. ; pus atque venenum (of envenomed
language), llor. B. a magic draught, a philtre ;
quasi veneno perllcere Ut, etc., Cic. II. colour-
ing matter, dye; Assyrium, Verg. ; Tarentinum,
Hor. ; rouge, Ov.
veneo (vaeneo), venii, venum, 4. (for
venum eo, from venus, sale), to go to sole, to be
sold (pass, of vendo). I. Gen., mancipia veni-
bant, Cic. ; venire sub corona a eonsule et
praetore, Liv. ; with abl. of juice, auro, Hor. ;
with genit. of price, mi iris, Cic. II. Esp., to
le let to the highest bidder ; quanti venierant, Cic. .
venerabllis -e (veneror), venerable, rev;: end;
venerabilis vir miraculo litterarum, venerabilior
divinitate, Liv. ; of things, donum, Verg.
vencrabundus -a -um (veneror), reverent,
respectful, Liv.
veneranelus -a -um, p. adj. (from veneror),
worthy of reverence, to be revered; amicus, Hor.
vfineratlo -onis, f. (veneror). I. Act,
reverence, respect, veneration ; hain't venerationem
justam quidquid excellit, Cic. II. Fass., vener-
ableness ; fcuiinae, Tac.
venerator -oris, m. (veneror), a venerator,
merer; domus vestrae, Ov.
VenSrlus, v. 1. venus.
venero = veneror (q.v.).
veneror, 1. dep. I. to reverence, venerate, re-
gard with religious awe, honour • doos sancte,
Cic; Larem farre pio, Verg. II. Meton., to
ask reverently, beseech with awe; nihil horum
veneror, Hor. (partic, veneratus, pass. = hon-
oured ; venerata Ceres, Hor.).
Veneti -firnm, m. I. a people originally of
Thracian origin, who settled on the north-west
coast of the Adriatic. Hence, Venctia -ae, f.
the land of the Veneti. II. a people in Gallia
Lugdunensis, near modern Vannes. Hence, A.
Vfinetia -ae, f. the land of tlie Veneti. B.
V£neticus -a -um, Venetian.
venetus -a -um, bluish, sea-coloured, Jnv. ;
factio, the party of charioteers who were clad in
blue, Suet.
venia -ae, f. (root VEN, whence 1. venus),
grace, indulgence, favour. I, Gen., a, petere
veniam legatis mittendis, Liv. ; dedi veniam
homini impudenter petenti, Cie. ; dare veniam
■•xciisatioiiis, Cic; b, in the phrase, bon.1 veniS
or bona cum venia, with your permission, by
yoiir leave; bona venia mo audies, Cic. ; vos oro
atque obsecro, judiccs, ut attente bonaque cum
venia verba mea audiatis, Cic. ; bonfi. venia Imin
optimi viri dixeriin, Cic. II. indulgence to
faults, grace, pardon, forgiveness; veniam im-
petrare errati, Cic; dare veniam et impuni-
tatcm, Cic.
Venilia -ae, f. I. a nymph, mother of
Turnus. II, wife of Janus, '
venio, veni, ventum, 4. to come. I. Lit., A>
Gen., 1, of persons, a, istinc, Cic.J hue, Cic;
ad aliquem, Cic; ad urbem, Cic; sub aspectuui,
Cic ; with ace. of place, domuni ad aliquem,
Cic; sexto die Dclum Athenis, Cic; with d:it.
of object, venire auxilio, subsidio, Caes. ; witli
inlln., specular!, Liv. ; impels., ad quos ventum
erat, Caes.; b, to come with hostile intent ; veniens
hostis, Verg. ; iinpera., veniri ad so existimautes,
Cnes. ; 2, of things, frumentum Tiberi venit,
Liv.; dum tibi litterae nieae veniant, Cic. B.
Esp., 1, to come = to return; Romam, Liv.;
qm<m venies, Ov. ; 2, to come = to come forth;
a, veniens sol, Hor.; b, =to grow; veniant
felicius uvae, Verg. II. Transf., A. Gen., 1, of
persons, a, ut ad id aliquando, quod cupiebat,
veniret, Cic; b, to come hostilely ; contra sum-
mam amiei existimationem, Cic ; 2, of things,
a, venire in mentem, to come into ones head, Cic;
b, of time, to happen, to come, arrive ; ubi ea
dies qnani constituerat venit, Caes. ; veuientis
anni, of the coming year, Cic. B. Esp., 1,
venio in aliquid, to come, to or fall into any state
or condition ; in calamitatem, Cic. ; in conaue-
tudinem, Cic. ; alieui in amicitiani, Caes. ; 2, of
speech, to come, to, arrive at a part of a subject ;
venio ad recentiores litteras, Caes.; 3, a, —to
be derived from; Bobrycia de gente, Verg. ; b,
to arise from; inajua commodum ex otio meo
quam ex aliorum negotiis reipublicae venturum,
Sail.; 4, to happen; haec ubi veniunt, Cie. ; 5,
to come to the lot of, fall to; hereditates inihi
negasti venire, Cic. ; 6, to turn out, Tac.
vennuoiila (vennunciila) uva -ae, f. a
kind of grape, Hor.
venor, 1. dep. to hunt. I. Intransit, ii qui
venari Solent, Cic. II. Transit., to hunt, chase ;
1, lit., leporein, Verg.; 2, fig., to pursue, strive
after ; suflragia ventosao plebis, Hor.
venosus -a -um (vena), full of veins, veiny,
Plin.
venter -tris, m. (connected with eVTepoi'),
the belly. I. Lit., a, fabS venter inflatur, Cic ;
b, the belly as the organ and- emblem of glutton;; ;
ventrem lame domare, Liv. ; ventri oboedire,
Sail. ; c, the womb, Jnv. ; meton., the fruit of the.
womb, Hor. x II. Transf., a curving, protuber-
ance, belly ; cresceret in ventrem cucumis, Verg.
ventllabrum -i, n. (ventilo), a winnowing-
fork; Varr.
ventllatio -finis, f. (ventilo), an airing,
Plin.
ventilo, 1. (for ventulo from ventulus), tn
toss to and fro in the air, fan, brandish in the
air. I. Lit., 1, ventilat aura comas, Ov. ; 2,
to winnow grain, Varr. II. Transf., to fan, to
blow = to excite, provoke; illius lingua, quasi
flabello seditionis, ilia turn est egentium contio
ventilata, Cic.
ventio -fmis, f. (venio), a coming, Plaut.
ventlto, 1. (intens. of venio), to come often
be wont to come; domum, Cic. ; in caBtra, Caes.
ventosus -a -um (ventus), full oj wind,
windy. I. a, lit., folles, Verg.; Germania
ventosior, Tac. ; ventosissima regio, Liv. ; b,
meton., svnft or light as the wind ; equi, Ov. ;
olae, Verg. II. Fig., 1, windy, blown out =
empty, vain; lingua, Verg.; 2, changeable, un-
stable, inconstant; homo ventosissimus, ap. Cic;
imperium, Cic
ventrale -is, n. (venter), a belly-band, Plin.
ventriculus -i, m. (dim. of venter), the
belly. I. Gen., Jnv. II. Esp., the stomach,
Plin. ; cordis, a ventricle, Cic
ventriosus -a -um (venter), large-bellied,
pot-bHlicd, Plaut.
veil
611
Ver
^entulus -i, m. (dim. of ventus), a slight
mind, gentle breeze, Plant., Ter.
ventus -i, m. wind. I. Lit., ventus incre-
brescit, Cic. ; ventus intermittitur, Caes.; quuiu
saevire ventus coepisset, Caes. ; prov. , in vento
et aqua scribere, to labour in vain, Cat. ; pro-
fundere verba ventis, Lucr. ; dare verba in
ventos, Ov. ; to talk in vain; dare- verba ventis,
not to keep one's word, Ov. ; ventis tradero rem,
to oblivion, Hor.; terre videre sua gaudia ventos,
to come to nothing, Verg. II, Fig., a, the wind
as a sign of good or ill success ; venti secundi,
good fortune, Cic. ; b, as a means of raising a
disturbance ; omnes rumorum et contionum
ventos eolligere, rumours, Cic. ; c, in the state;
quicunique venti crunt, whichever way the wind
bloivs, whatever the circumstances may be, Cic; d,
favour of the people; ventum popularem esse
quaesitum, Cic.
venucula = vennncula (q.v.).
venundo -dfidi -datum, 1. (for venumdo,
from 2. veuus and do), to sell ;■ esp., captives taken
in war; captivos sub corona, Liv.
1. venus -firis, f. (root VEN, whence venia),
that which is pleasing. I. Appellat., beauty,
charm, loveliness, attractiveness ; a, quo fugit
venus? Hor. ; b, in works of art; fabula nullius
veneris, Hor. II. Proper name, Venus. A.
the goddess of love and grace, xvife of Vulcan,
mother of Cupid; Veneris puer, Cupid, Ov. ; so
Veneris iilius, Cupid, Ov., or Aeneas (son of
Ancliises and Venus), Ov. ; mensis Veneris,
April, Ov. B. Meton., 1, love, Ov. ; 2, the
beloved object, Verg. ; 3, the planet Venus, Cic. ;
4, the Venus throw, the highest throw of the dice,
Prop. Hence, A. Venerius -a -uni, 1, of or
relating to Venus; Venerii servi and simply
Venerii, the slaves in the temple of the Erycinian
Venus, Cic; stibst, a, Venerius -i, in. (sc.
jactus), the Venus throw, the highest throw of the
dice, Cic. ; b, Venereae -Sium, f. a kind of
mussel, Plin. ; 2, relating to sensual love; res,
Cic.
2. venus -us and -i, m. only found in dnt.
and ace, sale; a, dat., venui and vono, veno
dare aliquid alicui, Tac. ; b, gen. ace, venum
dare,' to sell, Sail. ; venum ire, to be sold, Liv.
Veniisia -ae, f. an old town of the Samnites
in Apulia, now Venosa. Hence, Vcnusinus
-a -um, Venusine.
venustas -atis, f. (venus), loveliness, beauty,
cliarm, attractiveness; a, of the body, corporis,
Cic; b, of discourse, grace, wit ; liominuin, Cic;
C. of manner, charm, attractiveness; homo
ailluens omni venustate, Cic.
venusto, adv. (venustns), beautifully, charm-
ingly ; alicui venustissime respondere, ap. Cic.
venustulus -a -um (dim. of venustns),
charming, beautifid, Plant.
venustns -a -um (venus), charming, lovely,
beautiful, graceful; a, of the body, gestus et
motus corporis, Cic. ; b, of discourse, charming,
attractive, delightful ; sermo, Cic ; sententiae,
Cic
vepallidus -a -um, very pale, Hor.
veprecula -ae, f. (dim. of vepres), a thorn-
bushj bramble-bush, Cic
vepres -is, m. (f. Lucr.), gen. plur., vepres,
a thorn-bush, briar-buslt, bramble-busli ; sepul-
crum saeptum uhdique et vestitum vepribua et
dumetis, Liv.
ver, veris, n. (^p), spring. I. a, lit., primo
vere, in the beginning of spring, Liv. ; quum ver
esse coeperat, Cic ; b, tran'sf., spring-time of
life, spring; aetatis, Ov. II. Meton., that
which is brought by spring ; ver sacrum, an offer-
ing of the firstlings, originally of men and of cattle.
afterwards of cattle alone, made o«. extraordinary
occasions; ver sacrum vovere, Liv.
Veragri -orum, ra. an Alpine people in Gallia
Narboucusis.
veratrum -i, n. hellebore, Plin.
verax -acis (verus), speaking the truth, truth-
ful, veracious; oraculura, Cic. ; Herodotum cur
veraciorem ducam Ennio, Cic. ; with inlln.,
vosque veraces cecinisse Parcae, Hor.
verbascum -i, n. the plant mullein, Plin.
verbenaca -ae, f. the plant vervain, Plin.
Verbenae -arum, f. boughs of olive, laurel,
myrtle, cypress and tamarisk, sacreil boughs,
carried by tho Fetiales, Liv., and by certain
priests, Cic.
verbenarius -li, m. (verbenae), one who
carries sacred boughs, applied to the Fetiales, Plin.
verbenatus -a -um (verbenae), croivned
with sacred boughs, Suet.
verber -Cris, n. in sing, only in genit. and'
abl. (reduplicated form of root FER, whence
ferire). I. a bloio, stroke, lash ; 1, gen., a, sing.,
virgae, Ov. ; trementes verbere ripae, Hor.; b,
plur., verbera caudao, Hor.; dareverbera ponto,
of swimmers, Ov. ; 2, esp. only plur., verbera,
blows with a whip or scourge, a thrashing, flogging,
whipping; a, lit., castigare aliqucm verberibus,
Cic; verberibus lacerari, Liv. ; b, llg., patruae
verbera linguae, invectives, Hor.; contumeliaruni
verbera, Cic. II. the instrument that inflicts the
blow. A. a cudgel, or gen., a whip, scourge ; a,
sing., verber tortus, Verg. ; ictus verberis, Ov. ;
b, plur., jubet verbera afferri, Liv. B. the
thong of a sling or other missile weapon, Verg.
verberabilis -e (verbero), deserving to be
flogged, Plant.
verberatio -onis, f. (verbero), punishment,
chastisement ; trausf., ap. Cic.
verberatus -tt, m. (verbero), a beating,
Plin.
verbereus -a -um (verber), deserving to be
flogged, Plant.
1. verbero, 1. (verber), to beat, strike. I.
Gen., aethera alis, Verg. ; Mutinam tormentis,
to fire upon, Cic. ; vineae grandine verbcratae,
beaten down, Hor. II. Esp., to beat with a
whip, scourge, etc.; to flog, thrash, scourge;
aliqucm pulsare et verberare, Cic. ; alicuius
oeulos virgis, Cic; 2, fig., to lash with words,
to attack, assail; orator istos verberabit, Cic.
2. verbero -onis, m. (verber), one who de-
serves a flogging, a rasccd, Cic
Verbigenus pagus, one of the cantons of the
II el vet ii.
verbose, ndv. (vcrbosus), diffusely, ver-
bosely ; satis verbose, Cic ; haec ad te scripsi
verbosius, Cic.
verbosus -a -um (verbum), copious, diffuse,
verbose ; a, of persons, Cic. ; b, of things,
simulatio, Cic. ; epistola verbosior, Cic.
verbum -i, n. (root VER, Or. EP, whenca
eipw, pijua), a word, erpression ; plur., talk,
discourse. I. Gen., a, verbum nunquam in
publico facere, to speak in public, Cic. ; vidette
hoc uno verbo unde signiflcari res duas, et
ex quo et a quo loco, Cic; verba facere; -to
speak, absol., Cic. ; pro aliquo, do aliquo, de
aliqua re, Cic. ; ille dies ncfastus erit, per queui:
tria verba silentur, when the praetor does : notc
nse the formula, Do, Dico, Addico, i.e., when -In
does not administer justice, Ov. ; b, esp. phrases,
(a) verbo, by a word ; verbo de sententia" desti-
tisti, Cic ; (j3) uno verbo, in a word, briefly ; ut;
uno verbo complectar, diligentia, Cic; (v) verbis',
Ver
G12
ver
hy words alone, (opp. opere), Ci<\; (&) ad verbum,
e verbo, <le verbo, pro verbo, ivord for word,
accurately; fabellae Lntinae ad verbum deGraeeis
expressae, Cie. ; reddere verbum pro verbo,
Cic ; (e) verbi causa or gratia, for example; si
quis, verbi causa, oriente Canicula ortus est, Cic;
(f) meis (tuis, suis) verbis, in my (thy, his)
name ; si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus,
Cic. II. A. mere words, mere talk (opp. reality);
existimatio, Jecus, iufainia, verba sunt atque
ineptiae, Cic.; in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt
liberi omnes, nominally, Cic; verba darealicui,
to cheat, cozen, deceive, Cic. B. Collect., an ex-
pression, saying ; quod verbum in pectus Jugur-
thae altius, quam quisquam ratus erat, descendit,
Sail. C. Grammat. t t., a verb; ut. sententiae
verbis tiniantur, Cic.
Vercellae -arum, f. a town in Gallia Cis-
alpina, now Vercelli.
Vercingetorix -rlgis, m. a chief of the
Gauls in the time of Caesar.
verculum -i, n. (dim. of ver), little spring,
used as a term of endearment, Plant.
vere, adv. (.verus), truly, in truth, rightly,
aright ; dicere, Cic. ; Tie libentius haec in ullum
evomere videar quam verius, Cic. ; verissime
loqui, Cic.
verecunde, adv. (verecundus), modestly,
shyly, bashfully ; turn ille timide vel pot ins vere-
cunde inquit, Cic. ; verecundius liac de re jam
dudnm loquor, Cic.
vSrecundia -ae, f. (verecundus), a, modesty,
shame, liashfulness, shyness; (a) absol., meant stul-
tamverecundiainl Cic; (0)with subject, genit.,
Tirouis.Cic. ; (y) with object, genit., turpitudinis,
on account of disgrace, Cie. ; b, propviety, respect ;
harum rernm commemorationem verecundia
saepe impedivit utriusqne nostrum, Cic. ; c, re-
ligious reverence, awe, respect; with object, genit.,
deorum, Liv. ; d, a feeling of shame, a sense of
shajne, Liv.; verecundlae est, with infln., one is
ashameil, hesitates ; privatis dictatorem poscere
reum verecundiao non fuit, Liv.
vSrecundor, 1. dep. (verecundus), to be
bashful, ashamed, shy; with infin., in publicum
prodire, Cic.
Verecundus -a -urn (vereor), feeling shame,
bashful, shamefaced, modest, shy, diffident, coy;
1, of persons, a, absol., homo nnn nimis vere-
cundus, Cic. ; b, with in and the abl., nee in
faciendis verbis audax et In transferendis vere-
cundus et parcus, Cie.; 2, of things, vultns,
Ov.; color, blush, Hor.; oratio, Cic.; translatio,
not forced, natural, Cic.
veredus -1, m. a swift horse, hunter, Mart.
verendus -a -nil), p. adj. (from vereor),
venerable, reverewl ; majestas, ov. ; patres, Ov.
ver£or -Itns sum, 2. dep. I. /<) stand in awe
of; 1, to fear ; a, with ace, hostein, Caes. ; bella
Gallica, Cic.; b, with ace. and infln., vereor
committere ut, etc., Cic. ; qnos interftcere
vereretur, Cic; 2, to feel reverence, to be reverent
towards, to revere ; a, with ace, metuebant eum
servf, verebantur liberi, Cic. ; quern et amabat
ut fratem et ut majorem fiatrem verebatur, Cic ;
b. with genit., ne tui quidem testimonil veritus,
Cic. XI. to fear = to have to fear, to be afraid,
to be anxious about, to suspect; a, with ace,
periculum, Cues.; b, with ne (that), or ut, or ne
non (that not), vereor ne turpe Bit tlmero, Cic. ;
et tamen veremur ut hoc natura patlatur, Cic. ;
o, absol., eo minus veritus navibus quod, etc.,
Caes.
veretrum •!, n. (vereor) r= alSolov.
VerglllUS -li, m., P. Vergilius Maro, the
qreat Roman poet, born at Andes in the Mantuan
country, contemporary of Augustus, Horace, and
Ovid, author of the Aencid, the Heoryics, and the
Eclogues.
Vergmlus -a -uni, the name of a Roman
family, the must celebrated of which teas Vergini.i,
the. daughter of the centurion L. Verginius, who
hilled her in the market- place, to deliver her from
the designs of lite decemvir Appius Claudius.
vergo, versi, :?. (connected with verto). I.
Intransit., to betid, to be inclined. A. Lit.,
omnibus eius (terrae) partibus in medium ver-
gentibus, Cic B. Transf., 1, to be inclined,
to be directed ; a, of persons and objects con- '
nected with persons, nisi Brnti auxilium ad
Italiam vergere quam ad Asiam maluissemus,
Cic. ; b, of places, to lie towards, be situated
towards ; ad Humeri, Caes. ; ad septemtriones,
Caes. ; 2, to approach, come near; a, of time,
to come, to an end; vergente auctumno, Tac. ;
b, of disposition, etc., to tend to, Tac II.
Transit., to bend, turn, incline ; 1, gen., middle,
vergi, to incline, Lucr. ; 2, esp., to pour in ;
amoma in sinus, Ov.
vergobretus (from Celtic guerg = efficax,
and breth or breath = judicium, thus = judic-
ium exsequens), the executor of judgment, name
of the highest magistrate of the Aedui, Caes.
veridlcus -a -um (veins and dico). I. truth-
speaking, truthful ; vox, Cic; veridica interpres
deum, Liv. II. truly spoken, true, Plin.
vcrlloquium -li, n. (veins and loquor),
translation of ervjuoAoyia, etymology, Cic
verisimilis -e, probable, likely, Cic.
verisimilitude -Inis, f. (verisimilis), pro-,
bability, Cic.
Veritas -atis, f. (verus), truth. I. Gen., the
true, actual nature of a thing, reality; in omni
re vincit imitationein Veritas, Cic. ; imitari
veritatem (of works of art), to be true to nature,
Cic; qiuuu in veritate dicemus, in reality (i.e.,
in the forum, not simply for practice), Cic
II. Esp. (as opp. to falsehood), truth; 1, lit.,
cuius aures veritnti clansae sunt, Cic ; 2,
meton., truthfulness, honesty; in tuam tidem,
veritatem confngit, Cic.
verlverbium -ii, n. (verus and verbum),
speaking the truth. Plant.
vermiciilatio -on is, f. (vermiculor), a worm-
hole in plants, Plin.
vermiciilatus -a -um (vermiculus), vcr-
miculatcd ; pavimentum, inlaid with very small
stones, Plin.
vermiculor, 1. dep. (vermiculus), to be full
of worms, to be worm-eaten, Plin.
vermiculus -i, m. (dim. of vermis), a little
worm, Lucr.
verminatio -Cmis. f. (vermino), 1, the worms,
a [disease of animals, Plin.; 2, a vain in the
limbs, Sen.
vermino, 1. (vermis), 1, to have worms, Sen.;
2, to have a crawling, itching pain in tfe Umb9,
Sen.
vermlnosus -a -um (vermis), full of worms,-
Plin.
vermis -is, m. (verto), a worm, Lucr.
verna -ae, c. a slave born in the house. I.
Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a native, Mart.
veraaoiilus -a -um (verna). I. of or re-
lating to a slave born in the house ; subst., ver-
naoulus -i, m. a Jester, buffoon, Suet. II.
Transf., native, domestic, i.e., Roman; crimen
domesticum et vcrnaculum, Cic.
vernatlo -onls, f. (verno). I. the shedding
of the skin by snakes, Plin. II. Metcn., th*
slough or cast-off fkin, Flin,
ver
613
ver
vernilis -e(verna), 1, slavish, mean, abject;
blanditiae, Tac. ; 2, v crt > Jroward; verbum.
Tac.
vermlitas -Stis, f. (vernilis), 1, mean ser-
vility, Son.; 2, pertness, frowardness, Plin.
vernillter, adv. (vernilis), likeahousc-slavc;
fungi officiis, llor.
verno, 1. (ver), to be spring-like, flourish,
grow green. I. Lit., vernat humus, Ov. ; avis,
to begin to sing, Ov. II. Transf., duia vernat
sanguis, is lively, Prop.
vernula -ae, c. (dim. of verna), 1, a slave
bom in the house, Jifv. ; 2, transf., native, in-
digenous, Juv.
vemus -a -urn (ver), of or relating to spring,
spring-like, vernal ; acquinoctium, Liv. ; flores,
Hor. ; tenipus, Cic.
vero, adv. (veins), in truth, truly, really, in-
deed, in fact. I. Adv., a, Cic. ; at the begin-
ning of a letter, ego vero cupio, te ad me venire,
I wish really, Cic. ; b, often placed before affirm-
._ ative answers,' certainly, to be sure; vero, mea
puella, Cic. ; in negative answers, minime vero,
Cic. ; c, in addresses, invitations, demands,
then, pray ; tn vero me ascribe talem in nuni-
erum, Cic; d, in a climax, even, indeed; in
inediocribus vel studiis vel otliciis, vel vero
ctiam negotiis conternnendnin, Cic. II. Transf.,
as an adversative particle, but indeed, but in
-fact; illtid vero plane lion est ferendum, Cic;
so in transitions in speech, nee vero tibi de
versibus respondebo, Cic.
Verona -ae, f. one of the most flourishing
towns of North Italy, birthplace of Catullus.
-Hence, Veronensis -e, of Verona; subst.,
Veronenses -Ium, m. the inhabitants of
Verona.
verpa -ae, f. the penis, Cat.
verpus -i, m. (verpa), a circumcised man,
Juv.
1. verres -is, m. a boar, Hor.
2. Verres -is, m., C. Cornelius, praetor in
- Sicily; prosecuted and driven into exile by Cicero
on a charge of extortion. Hence, A. VerriUS
-a -uui, o/or belonging to Verres. B. Verrinus
-a -am, o/or belonging to Verres; jus(\vith a pun
on 1. verres and on the double meaning of jus,
law and broth), Cic.
1. verrinus -a -urn (1. verres), of or relating
to a boar, Plin.
2. Verrinus, v. 2. Verres.
verro, versum, 3. to drag, trail on the
ground. I. Gen., A. Lit, a, versa pulvis in-
seribitur hasta, Verg.; b, of the winds, to sweep,
■ drag away ; maria et terras ferre secuin et
.verrere per auras, Verg. B. to sweep, to brush
against; a, of mourners, crinibus templa, crin-
ibus passis aras, Liv. ; b, of persons with long
dresses, to sweep the ground; verrit humuiu
palla, Ov. ; c, of animals swimming, to jxiss
over, sweep along ; aequora caudis, Verg.; so of
ships, remis vada livida, Verg.; d, of a harp-
-player, duplici genialia nablia palma, Ov. II.
A. to sweep with the broom; a, Plant.; b, on
the thrashing-floor, to sweep together, collect, to-
gether ; quidquid de Libycis vcrritur areis, Hor.
B. to sweep clean, to clean; absol., qui tergunt,
qui verrmit, Cic
verruca -ae, f. a wart, excrescence, Plin. ;
tig., a small fault (opp. tuber, a serious fault),
Hor.
verrucaria hcrba -ae, f. (verruca), a plant
that removes warts, hcliotropion, Plin.
Verrugo -ginis, f. a town of the Volsci.
verrunco, 1. (verto), to turn out, esp, as
religious t.t., bene venuncare, to turn out well,
have a happy issue ; populo, Liv.
versabilis -e (verso), movable, changeable,
Sen.
versabundus -a -urn (verso), turning
round, revolving ; turbo, Lucr.
versatilis -e (verso), turning round, re-
volving. I. Lit., templuin caeli, Lucr. II. Fig.,
versatile ; ingenium, Liv.
versatio -onis, f. (verso), a turning round,
revolving. I. Lit., Plin. II. Pig., a changing,
mutation, Sen.
versicolor -oris (verso and color), changing
in colour, of various colours, parti-coloured';
vestintentum, Liv. ; anna, Verg. ; plumae, Cic.
versiciilus -i, m. (dim. of versus), 1, a little
line ; a, epistolae, Cic ; b, uno versiculo (i.e.,
the formula, Videant consules ne quid detrimenti
respublica capiat), Cic. ; 2, little verse, versicle,
Cic
versif icatlo -onis, f. (versilico), o making
of verses, versification, Quint.
versificator -oris, in. (versifico), a verse-
maker, versifier, Quint.
versifico, 1. (versus and facio), to write in
verse, versify, Quint.
versipellis (vorslpellis) -c (verto and
pellis), cluiuging one's slcin ; hence, changing
one's form. I. Lit., vcrsipellem se faeit (of
Jupiter), Plant. Subst., one who can change
himself into a wolf at pleasure, a werewolf, Plin.
II. sly, subtle, crafty, Plaut.
verso (vorso), 1. (verto). I. Freq.= to turn
about often, to turn hither and thither, to turn,
round. A. 1, lit., a, ferrum or massam forcipe,
Verg.; lumina suprema, cast a last look, Ov. ;
sorteiu urna, shake, Hor.; exemplaria Graeca
nocturna versate manu, versate diurnS, read
night ami day, Hor. ; reflex, and middle, to turn
oneself round ; se in ntramque partem, mm solum
inente, sed etiam corpore, Cic; middle, qui
(orbes) versantur retro, Cic. ; b, of spinning, to
turn the spindle ; levi teretem versare pollice
fusum, Ov.; 2, transf., to move hither a nd thither,
to drive round; a, act., (a) oves, to pasture,
Verg.; (B) to torment, beat, harass; Dareta,Verg.,'
b, middle, versari, (a) of persons = to stay, live,
dwell; cum aliquo, Cic; in fundo, Cic; intra
vallum, Caes. ; (0) of tilings, to have place;
partes eae, in quibus aegiitudines, irao libidin-
esque versentur, Cic B. Fig., 1 to direct, turn
hither and thither ; a, mentem act omnem inalit-
iam et fraudem, Cic. ; b, of fate, to turn upside
down, change; Fortuna omnia versat, Verg. ; c,
to explain, to twist ; verba, Cic. ; d, to turn,
influence in a certain direction ; muliebrem
aniinum in omnes partes, Liv.; e, to reflect, medi-
tate upon ; in animis secuin unaniquamque rem,
Liv. ; 2, transf., to put in motion; a, to dis-
quiet, disturb ; nunc indignatio nunc pudor
pectora versabat, Liv. ; odiis domos, Verg. ; b,
middle, versari, (a) to stay, to hover, to rest; alicui
ante oculos dies noctesque, Cic ; (0) esp., to be
engaged in, take part in, be employed in, be oc-
cupied with : in sordida arte, Cic. ; of things,
jura civiha quae jam prideni in nostra fainilia
versantur, are native, Cic. II. Intens., to turn
rouiul and round, to turn up; grainen, Ov. ;
terrain, Ov. (infill., versarier, ap. Cic).
versoria -ae, f. (verto), a turning round;
veisoriam capere, to leaveof, desist from anything,
Plaut.
versum = 1. versus (q.v.).
versura -ae, f. (verto), a turning ; fig., the
borrowing of money to pay a debt; versuranj
facerc, Ciy. J versura sojycre or disgoh'ere, Cic
ver
614
ves
1. versus (vorsus), versum (vorsum.
I. Adv., touwrds, in the direction of; ad
oceanum versus, Caes. ; in forum versus, Cic
II. Prep, with ace, tou-ards; Romain versus,
Cie.
2. versus -a -urn, partic. I. of verro (q.v.).,
II. of verto (q.v.).
3. versus (vorsus) -us, in. (verto). I. the
turning of a plough; hence, a furrow, Plin.
II. a row, line; 1, gen., in versum distulit
ulmos, Verg.; 2, in writing, a, in prose, primus
(legis), Cic. ; b, in poetry, a verse, plur., verses,
poetry; versus Graeei, Latin i, Cic; facere
versum, Cie. III. a step in a dance, Plaut.
versute, adv. with superl. (versutus), craftily,
adroitly, cunningly, Cic.
versutla -ae, f. (versutus), cunning, crafti-
ness, Liv.
versutiloquus -a -um (versutus and
loquor), slyly speaking, ap. Cic.
versutus -a -um(verto), fig., dexterous, adroit,
cunning, crafty, sly ; acutus atque versutus
animus, Cic. ; versutissimus Lysander, Cic. ;
hoc si versutius videbitur, Cic.
vertagus = vertragus (q.v.).
vertebra -ae, f. (verto), a joint, esp., a joint
of the back, vertebra, Plin.
vertebratus -a -um (vertebra), joi?»i
•movable, flexible, Plin.
vertex (vortex) -icis, m. (verto), that
which turns or is turned, hence, a whirl. I. a
whirlpool of water, an eddy ; a, lit., Liv., Verg. ;
b, fig., anions, Cat. II. an eddy of wind or
flame; a, of wind, a whirlwind, Liv.; b, of fire,
flainmis volutns, Verg. III. the crown of the
head. A. Lit., ab talis unguibus usque a<l
verticem summum, Cic. B. Moton., 1. the
head, Cat,; 2, tliepolc of the heavens, Cic., \ erg.;
3, any height, elevation; Aetnae, Cic; lience,
a vertice, from above, Verg.
verticlllus -i, n. (verto), the whirl or whorl
of a spindle, Plin.
vertlcosus (vorticosus) -a -um (vertex),
full of whirlpools ; mare, Liv.
vertiginosus -a -um (vertigo), suffering
from giddiness, Plin.
vertigo -Inis, f. (verto), a turning round,
whirling round, revolution. I. Lit., assidua
caeli, Ov. II. Transf., giddiness, vertigo;
vertigo quaeduin simul oculorum animique,
Liv.
verto (vorto), verti (vorti), versum (vors-
um), 3. to turn, turn round, rellex., vertere se
and simply vertere, and pass., verti, as middle,
to turn oneself. I. Gen., A. Lit., a, cquos ad
moenia, Verg. ; reflex., verti me a Minturnis
Arpinnm versus, Cic ; without se, alterius
ramos videmus vertere in alterius, Verg. ; b,
milit. t. t., aliquem (hostes, equities, etc.) in
fugam, to put to flight, rout, Liv.; Philippis versa
acies retro, the defeat at rhilippi, llor. ; terga,
to flee, Caes. ; reflex., se, Caes. ; without se,
versuros omnes in fugam extemplo ratUB, Liv. ;
C, of position, middle, versus with in or ad
and the ace, turned, lying toward*; Ppirus in
septentrionem versa, Liv. B. Pig., 1, gen.,
a, in nos vertite iras, Liv. ; middle, pater totus
in Persea versus, devoted to, Liv:; reflex., with-
out Se, vertcrat periculum in Romanos, Liv. ;
b, of money, etc., to devote, turn to; ex ilia
peennia magnain partem ad se, to appropriate,
Cic ; c, to turn to (in a bad or good direction),
construe ae, impute; ne sibi vitio verterent, quod,
3tc., Cic. ; auspicia in bonum vertxrunt, Liv. ;
2,. esp., a, to alter, change; auster in Africuni
se vertit, Caes.; quae sentcntia te vertit,
Verg. ; fortuna jam verterat, Liv. ; middle,
verso Mart©, Liv. ; b, to change to, cause to pass
into; aliquid in lapidem, Ov. ; reflex, and
middle, to change to, to become; terra in aquam
se vertit, Cic. ; c, to translate; vcrterunt nostri
poetae fabulas, Cic; d, polifc. t. t., vertere
solum, to go into exile, Cie. II. A.= versare,
to turn round and round; 1, a, lit., lumina, to
roll, Verg. ; vertitur interea caelum, Verg. ; b,
transf., (a) to more about; inter primus, Verg. ;
(P) of time, to roll round; septima post Trojae
exeidium jam vertitur aeslas, Verg. ; esp. in
partic., anno vertente, in the course of a year,
Cic ; 2, fig-, a, stimulos sub pectore, Verg. ;
b, e.sp., middle, verti, to move in a certain sphere
or element; in jure in quo causa ilia vertebatur
paratissimus, Cic. B.= invertere, convertere,
to turn round or oivr ; 1, lit., a, gen., (a) stilum,
llor.; (0) as t. t. of agriculture, to turn up with
the plough or hoe ; terrain aratro, Verg.; jpoet.,
transf. of ships, freta versa lacertis, Verg. ; (y)
to empty; crateras, Verg. ; b, esp., to overthrow;
moenia ab imo, Verg. ; 2, fig., a, Callicratidas
quum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad ex-
tremuni omnia, destroyed, Cic. ; b, to destroy
politically ; res Phrygias fundo, Verg.
vertragus -1, m. and vertraha -ae, f. a
greyhound, Mart.
Vertumnus (Vortumnus) -i, m. (verto,
Vi e changing one), the god of exchange ; orig., the
god of the changing nature of the seasons, then of
all transactions of sale, whose image stood at tlie
end of tlie vicus Tuscus ; near his statue the
booksellers had their shops.
veru -us, n. 1, a spit, Verg.; 2, a javelin,
Verg. ^_
voriiina -ae, f. (veru), a small javelin, Plaut.
Verulae -arum, f. a town of the Hcrnici, in
Latium, now Veroli. Hence, Veriilanus -a -um,
Verulan.
1. verum, adv. (verus). I. in truth, truly,
really, Plant. II. but, but yet, nevertheless, still;
verum haec civitas i.->ti praedoni ac pirntae
Siciliensi Phaselis fuit, Cic; nonmodo (tantum,
solum) . . . veram etiam, Cic; hence, a, in
passing over to another subject in discourse,
verum veniat sane, Cic. ; b, in breaking off a
discourse, verum quidem haec hactenus, Cie.
2. verum, v. verus.
veruntamen (verumtamen), eonj. but
yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless ; consilium
enpit primo stultum, verumtamen clemens, Cic.
verus -a -um. I, true, real, genuine; denar-
ius, Cic; timor, well -grounded, Cic; res verior,
causa verissima, Cic. Snbst., verum -i, n.
the truth: verum scire, Cic. II. A. right, fit-
ting, reasonable ; lex, Cic. ; verum est, with
ace. and infln., negat verum esse allici benclicio
benevolentiam, Cic B. truth-telling, truth fid ;
judex, Cic.
verutum -i, n. (veru), a javelin, Caec.
vSrutus -a -um (veru), ai-med with a javelin,
Verg.
vervactum -i, n. fallow ground, Plin.
vervago, 3. to plough up fallow ground,
Plin.
vervex -vEcis, m. a wether, Cic ; as a term
of ridicule, a sheepish, silly person, Plaut.
vesania -ae, f. (vesanus), madness, insanity,
Hor.
vesaniens -entis (vesanus), raging, Cat.
vesanus (vaesanus) -a -um, mad, insane ;
a, of persons, rcmcx, Cic. ; poeta, llor. ; b, of
inanimate and abstract things, fierce, furious,
v.-ild ; vires, Ov.; fames, Verg,
Ves
615
ves
Vescia -ae, f. a small town in Latium, on the
Liris. Hence, Vescinus -a -uin, of or belong-
ing to Vescia.
vescor, 3. dep. (cofinected with esca). I. to
eat, feed on ; gen. with abl., rarely with ace, dii
nee cibis nee potiouibus vescuntur, Cic. ; lacte
et ferina carne, Sail. ; humanis corporibus, Liv. ;
sacros lauros, Tib. ; absol., vescentes sub um-
bra, Liv. II. Transf., to use, enjoy; vitalibus
amis, Lucr.; paratissimis voluptatibus, Cic;
ami autheria, to breathe, live, Verg.
vescus -a -uin (connected with vescor). I.
Act.=devouring, consuming; 6al,Lucr. ; papaver,
exhausting tlie land, Verg. II. Pass., wasted,
thin; hence = containing little nutrition; salicum
frondes, Verg.; farra, Ov.
Veseris -is, m. a river in Campania, at
the foot of Mount Vesuvius, where the conml
1. Manlius Torquatus defeated the Latins, 340
B.c.
vesica -ae, f. the bladder. I. the urinary
lladder. A. Lit,, Cic. B. Meton., anything
made from, a bladder, a purse, a lantern, etc.,
Mart,, Varr. II. A. a bladder-like swelling, a
blister, Plin. B. Of discourse, bombast, tu-
midity, Mart.
vesicula -ae, f. (dim. of vesica), a vesicle, a
little bladder on plants, Cic.
Vesontio -ouis, m. a toivn in Gaul, now
Besangon.
vespa -ae, f. a wasp, Liv.
Vespasianus -I, in., T. FlaviusVespasianus
Sabinus, lioman emperor from 09-79 a.d.
vesper -Sris or -Sri. m. (eVn-epos). I. the
evening star, Verg. II. Meton., A. the evening;
diei vesper erat, Sail. ; prima vesperis (sc. Lord),
Caes. ; ante vespermn, Cic; sub vesperum,
Caes. ; primo vespere, Caes. ; abl., vespere and
vesperi, in the evening, late; heri vesperi, Cic. ;
prov., quid vesper ferat, iucertum est, Liv. ; de
vesperi suo vivere, to be one's own master, Plaut.
B. the west, Ov., Verg.
vespera -ae, f. (c^n-epa), the evening; ad
vesperam, towards evening, Cic. ; prima vespera,
Liv. ; abl., vespera, in the evening, Plin.
vesperaseo, 3. (vespera), to become evening ;
vesperasceute jam die, drawing towards night,
Tac
vesperS, vesperi, v. vesper.
vespertilio -finis, m. (vesper), a bat, Plin.
vespertinus -a -urn (vesper). I. Lit., of
or relating to evening ; litterae, received at even-
ing, Cic; vespertinis temporibus, Cic. f ,
lying towards the west, western ; regio, Hor.
vesperugo -Inis, f. (vesper), the evening
Star, Plaut.
vespillo -onis, m. (vesper), a corpse-bearer
for the poor, who were buried in the evening,
Suet. B '
Vesta -ae, f. ('Eo-iia), the daughter of Saturn
and Ops, goddess of the hearth and domestic life;
nd Vestae (sc. aedem), Hor. ; aVestiae (sc. aede),
Cic. ; in her temple at Rome burnt the sacred
lire, the extinction of which was thought to in-
volve the ruin of the state ; the Vestal virgins
were consecrated to her service; Vestae sa-
cerdos = pontifex maximus, who liad control over
the Vestal virgins, Ov. ; meton., a, = the tem-
ple of Vesta ; Vesta arsit, Ov. ; b, the hearth,
Verg. Hence, adj., Vestalis -e, Vestal; sacra,
the festival of Vesta, on the 9th of June, Ov. ; virgo
Vestalis, and subst., Vestalis -is, f. a Vestal
virgin, one of the priestesses of Vesta, of whom
there were first four and then six, chosen between
their sixth and tenth years, obliged to remain
virgins in tlie service of Vesta for thirty yeart.
Hence again, adj., Vestalis -e, relating to the
Vestal virgins, Vestal; oculi, chaste, Ov.
vester (voster) -tra -trum (vos), your,
yours. I. Subject., majores vestri, Cic. II.
Object. = against you ; odio vestro, Liv.
vostiarius -a -uin (vestis), of or relating to
clothes; subst., vestiarium i, u. a, a clothes-
chest, Plin. ; b, a stock of clothes, wardrobe, Sen.
vestibulum -i, n. an entrance-court, court-
yard. I. A. Lit., templi, Cic. B. Transf., the
entrance to a place; sepulcri, Cic. ; urbis, Liv.;
in vestibulo Siciliae, Cic. II. Fig., a beginning,
Cic.
vestigator (vestigiator) -oris, m. (ves-
tigo), a tracker, investigator, Varr,
vestigium -fi, n. I. Act. = the part of the
foot that treads, the sole of the foot. A. Lit., qui
adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. B. Meton., 1, afoot-step, track, foot-mark ;
a, lit., vestigia in omnes fcrentia partes, Liv. ;
vestigium facere in foro, Cic. ; vestigiis aliquem
sequi, Liv. ; consequi, Cic; b, transf., a trace,
mark ; frons nou ealamistri notata vestigiis, Cic;
C, lig., (a) vestigiis ingrcdi patris, to tread in his
father's steps, i.e., toimitatc him, Cic. ; 03) a mark,
sign; vestigia sceleris, avaritiae, Cic. ; 2, poet,,
the whole of the lower part of the foot ; vestigia
nuda sinistri pedis, Ov. II. Pass., that which
is trodden upon, a position, post, station; 1, lit.,
a, in suo vestigio mori mallo quam fugere, Liv.;
b, the position of u destroyed town, ruins; in
vestigiis huius urbis, Cic. ; 2, tig., of time, a
moment; in illo vestigio temporis, Caes. ; eodem
et loci vestigio et temporis, Cic; adv., e vestigio,
immediately, on the spot, Cic.
vestigo, 1. (vestigium), to track, follow the
trace of, investigate. I. Of animals, Plin. II.
Of men, 1, lit, a, virum, Verg.; b, causas
reruin, Cic. ; 2, meton., to come upon tlie track of;
perfugas et fugitivos inquirendo, Liv.
vestimentum -i, n. (vestio), clothing, cover'
ing, garment, vestment, Cic.
Vestini -orum, m. a people in Italy, on the
Adriatic, famous for their cheese. Hence, Ves-
tinus -a -um, o/'or belonging to the Vestini.
vestio -ivi and -Ji -Hum, 4. (vestis), to cover
with a garment, clothe. I. A. Lit, animantes
villis vestitae, Cic. B. Transf., to cover as with
a garment, to adorn ; oculos membranis, Cic. ;
oampos lumine purpureo, Verg. ; sepulcrum
vestitum vepribus et dumetis, Cic. ; trabes
aggere, Caes.; se gramine, Verg. II. Fig., in-
venta vesture oratione, Cic.
vestis -is, f. (connected with i<r0ijs), a cover-
ing. I. Lit, A. Of men, a garment, and a,
sing, collective, clothing; vestis lintea, Cic; ves-
tem mut-are, to put on other clothes, esp., to put
on mourning, Cic; b, plur., vestes, clothes;
vestibus hunc velant, Ov. B. a carpet, tapestry;
pretiosa vestis multa et lauta supellex, Cic. IL
Poet., transf., a, the clothing of the chin, thebeard,
Lucr. ; b, the skin of a snake, Lucr. ; o, the
spider's web, Lucr.
vestispioa -ae, f. (vestis and specio), the
mistress if the robes, keeper of the wardrobe
Plaut. ^
vestitus -Os, m. (vestio), clothing, clothes,
garments, apparel, attire, raiment. I. A. Lit.,
color vestitus, Caes. ; vestitus muliebris, Cic. ;
vestitum mutare, to go into mourning, Cic. ; ad
BUum vestitum redire, to go out of mourning, Cic.
B. Transf., o covering; riparuui, Cic ; vesti-
tus densissimi montiuw, Cic. II. Fig., ea vesti-
tu illo orationis, quo consueverat, orpata nop
erat, Cic.
Ves
610
via
VesfilUS -i, m. a mountain in the Cottian
Alps, now Viso.
Vesuvius -li, in. Vesuvius,' the celebrated
volcano in Campania, at the first eruption, of
which, under Titus, the towns of llerculaneum,
Pompeii, and Stabiae were destroyed.
veteramentarius -a -um (vetus), of or
relating to old things; sutor, a cobbler, Suet.
veteranus -a -um (vetus), old; boves, Varr.;
hostis, Liv. ; esp., of soldiers, veteran; plur.,
T;..iites veteran!, or subst. simply veterani, old
soldiers, veterans, Cic. ; legio veterans, Cic.
veterasco -avi, 3. (vetus), to become old,
grow old, Cic. (?)
veterator -Oris, m. (vetus), one who has
grown old in or become experienced in anything ;
a, in causis, Cic. ; b, in a bad sense, subtle,
tricky ; lion sunt in disputando vafri, non veter-
atores, uon malitiosi, Cic; absol. = a cunning
fellow, old fox, Cic.
veteratorie, adv. (veteratorius), cunningly,
craftily; dicere, Cic.
veteratorius -a -uin (veterator), cunning,
crafty, Cic.
vdterlnarius -a -uin (veterinus), of or re-
lating to draught-animals ; subst., veterlnar-
ius -li, m. a veterinary surgeon, Col.
vfiterinus -a -urn (perhaps contr. from
veliiterinus, from veho), of or reletting to draught.
I. Adj., bestia, a beast of burden, Cato. II.
Subst., vSteriuae -arum, f. draught-animals,
Varr.
vetemosus -a -um, adj. with superl. (vet-
ernus). I. letlutrgic, Cato. II. Transf., a,
sleepy, dreamy. Ter. ; b, '?>('?, without energy ;
animus, lethargic, Sen.
veterans -i, m. (vetus), age; lienee, lethargy,
sleepiness; a, Plant.; b, inactivity, lethargy,
sloth ; vetemus civitatem occupavit, Cic.
vetitum -i, n. (veto)- I. thut which is for-
bidden; nitimur in vetitum semper cupimusque
negata, Ov. II. a prohibition; quae contra
vetitum discordia? Verg. ; in Cic. only in the
phrases jussa ac vetiraand jussa vetita.
veto (voto), vetfti (votiii), retrtum (votl-
tum), 1. not to allow to happen, to forbid,
prohibit, hinder, prevent ; used of the tribunes,
praetor, magistrates, etc., or of the law, or as
t. t. of sugary, a, with object, clause, (a)
with ace. and inlin., rationes vetabant nie
reipublicae penitus diitidcre, Cic ; lex pere-
griiium vetat in murum ascendere, Cic. ; (9)
with inlin. alone, lex vetat delinquere, Cic. ; b,
witli ut or ne, or (with preceding negative)
quominus, or quin and the subj., or witli subj.
alone, edieto vetuit ne quia se praetor Apelleni
pingeret, Hor. ; c, with ace. alone, Delia, Verg.;
pass., quod vetamur, Cic. ; d, absol., lex jubet
aut vetat, Cic.
Vettones (Vectones) -um, m. a people in
Lusilania, in modem Salamanca and Estre-
madura.
vetulus -a -um (din. of vetus), somewhat
old, old.ish. I. Adj., equus, Cic. ; una, Cic. II.
Subst., A. vetulus -i, m. an old men, Plant. ;
: i jest, mi vetule, " old. boy," Cic. B. VCtula
iie, f. an old woman, Juv.
vetus -eris, abl. sing, -ere, compar., vetcrlor
(archaic, the classical compar. is vetustior),
superl., vetorrimus(root VET, Or. i;t, whence
«to«), old, ancient. I. Adj., a, as opposed to
young, senatores, Liv.; b, as opposed to new,
navis.Caes.; necessitudines, Cic; with genit. =
grown grey in, experienced in ; operis ac laboris,
Tac. ; c. as opposed to the present, old -form <',
ancient; res, Cic; innocentia, Cic; poelae
veteirimi, Cic ; in Tac. gen., of the time before the
battle, of Actiuvi ; aetas, Tac. II. Subst., A.
veteres -um, m. the old = ancestors, Cic. B.
Veteres -uin, f. (sc. tabernae), the old booth* on
the south side of the Hainan Forum. C Vetera
-um, n. that which is old, the remote past ; ilia
vetera omittere, the old stories, Cic.
vetustas -atis, f. (vetustus), age. I. Lit.,
A. Gen., vetustas possessions, Cic; verbonun
vetustas prisca, Cic B. Esp., antiquity; his-
toria nuntia votustatis, Cic. II. Transf., A.
long duration, length of time; vetustati condita,
Cic. ; plur., vetustates familiarum, Cic ; habit-
ura vetustatem, likely to endure for a long time,
Cic ; coujnncti vetustate, a friendship of long
standing, Cic. ; ingenio, vetustate (experience),
artiflcio tu facile vicisti, Cic. B. late posterity ;
de me nulla umquam obmutescet vetustas, Cic.
vetustus -a -um (vetus), old, ancient. I.
Gen., a, villain, Plant. ; hospithiili, of long
standing, Cic; b, old in years; vetustissimus
ex censoribus, Liv. II. Esp., old-fashioned,
antiquated; vetustior et horridior ille, Cic
vexamen -inis, n. (vexo), a shaking ; mundi ,
Lucr.
VCxatio -onis, f. (vexo). I. a sh/iking, Plin.
II. a, trouble, annoyance, hardship; corporis,
Cic; b, ill-treatment; socioruin, Cic
vexator -oris, m. (vexo), one who annoys,,
harasses, disturbs; direptor et vexator urbis,
Cic.
vexillarius-Ii,m. (vexillum). A. a standard-
bearer, Liv. B. Plur., vexillarii -drum, m.
a, under the empire, veterans who had served
twenty years an ] were enrolled in special bat-
talions, a reserve corps, Tac ; b, a detachment, a
division of a larger body, Tac
vexillatio -6nis, f. (vexillum), a detachment,
Suet.
vexillum -i, n. (dim. of velum), the standard
of the maniples, and esp., of the cavalry, the
veterans and the allies. I. Lit., a flag, standard;
vexillum tollere, Cic; esp., the red flag displayed
on the general's tent or the admiral's ship as the
signal of battle ; vexillnrh proponere, Cacs. II.
Meton., the men who fought under one flag, a
company, troop, Liv.
vexo, 1. (intens. of veho), to move violently,
shake, shatter. I. Lit., venti vcxant nubila,
Ov. ; rates, Verg. II. Transf., to harass, dis-
quiet, molest, misuse, damage, annoy, vex; agros,
Caes.; hostes, Cic; vexari dilhcultate viae, Liv.
via-ac, f. (old Lat. vea, connected with veho),
a way. I. Lit, A. the way along which one
goes; a, a highway, road; militaris, main-road,
Cic; declinare de via ad dexteram, Cic; via ire,
to go straight on, Liv. ; dare alicui viam, to give
place, Liv.; dare alicui viam perfundum, to allow
a passage through, Cic; b, a street in a town;
transversa, Cic; c, a passage, (a) the gullet, Cic;
the wind-pipe, Ov. ; (fi) a cleft, Verg.; (7) stripe
in a garment, Tib. B. Abstr., way = course,
march, journey ; de via languere, Cic; imam
tibi vium et perpctuain esse vellent, wished that
■you should never return, Cic. ; mare et (atque)
viae, viae ac mare, travels by land and sea, Hor.
II. Fig., A. Cen., vitae via, Cic; de via 'from
the straight road, from virtue) deoedere, Cic.
B. Esp., 1, means, way, method; viam optimar-
11111 artiuni tradere, Cic; 2, manner, rule, kind;
per omes vias leti, Liv. ; via, methodically, by
rule; dicere, Cic.
vialis -e (via), 0/ or relating to the highways ;
Lares, riant.
viarius -a -um (via), of or relating to high-
wayc: lex. for repairing Ihe hjgfrymya, ap, Cic,.
via
617
vie
viaticatus -a -nm (viaticum), 'provided with
money for a journey, IMaut.
viatlcus -a -um (via), of or relating to a
journey. I. Adj., cena, a farewell repast, Plant.
II. Subst, viaticum -i, n. A. money for a
journey; viaticum congerere, Cic. B. Esp.,
prize-money of a soldier, Hor.
viator -oris, m. (via). I. a traveller, way-
farer, Cic. II. a runner or messenger attached
to a Magistrates service, Cic.
viatorius a -um (viator), of or relating to a
journey, Plin.
vlbix (vibex) -icis, f. a weal, mark of a
stripe, Plaut.
Vibo -onis, f. a town in Bruttii, now Monte
Leone, in full Vibo Valentia. Hence, A. VI-
bonensis-e, belonging to Vibo. B. Valentin!
-orum", in. the inhabitants of Vibo Valentia.
Vibro, 1. I. Transit., to cause to vibrate,
moot rapidly to and fro brandish, shake; a,
vibrabant flamina vestes, Ov. ; b, to brandish a
missile; poet., to brandish and hurl; hastam,
Cic; Bpicula per auras, Ov.; fig., truces iambos,
Cat.; c, to curl, frizzle; crines vibrati, Verg.
II. Reltex., to shake, tremble, move to and fro,
vibrate; a, Piin. ; b, of limbs or parts of the
body, to quiver ; ties vibrant linguae, Ov. ; c, to
glimmer, glitter; vibrat mare, Cic. ; d, of light-
ning, missiles, etc., to flash, glitter ; lig., of dis-
course, oratio incitata et vibrans, Cic.
viburnum -i, n. a tree (Viburnum Lantana,
Linn.), Verg.
vicanus -a -urn (viens), dwtllhig in a village;
vicani haruspiees, Cic. ; subst. , vicani -orum,
m. villagers, Liv.
vioarius -a -um (vicis), taking the place of a
person or thing, substituted, vicarious. I. Adj.,
operae nostrae vicaria iides amicorum supponi-
tur, Cic. II. Subst., vicarius -ii, m. one who
takes another's place, a substitute; a, diligentiae
meae, successor in the consulship, Cic. ; b, a
soldier substitute; dare vicarios, Cic; c, an
uiuler-servaut, under-slave, Cic.
vicatim, adv. (vicus). I, from street to
street; servorum omnium vicatim celebratur
tota urbe descriptio, Cic II. in villages; in
montibus vicatim habitare, Liv.
Vice, vicein, v. vicis.
vicenarius -a -um (viceni), containing the
■number twenty, Plaut.
viceni -ae -a (viginti). I. twenty each, Caes-
II. twenty, Plin.
vices, v. vicis.
vicesima, v. vicesimus.
vioesimani -orum, m. (vicesimus), soldiers
, of the twentieth legion, Liv.
rS^ vicesimarius -a -um (vicesimus), of or re-
lating to the twentieth part of anything ; aurum,
a tax of one twentieth, or five per cent., on the
value of manumitted slaves, Liv.
vicesimus (vlgesimus) -a -um (viginti),
the twentieth^ I. Adj., dies vicesimus, Cic. II.
. Subst., vicesima -ae, f. (sc. pars), the twentieth
part; a, gen., e.g., of the harvest, Liv.; b, esp.,
the twentieth ptart as a toll or tax ; portorii, Cic. ;
a tax of five per cent, on the value of manumitted
slaves, Cic.
Vicetia -ae, f. a town in North Italy, now
Vicenza. Hence, Vicetini -orum, m. tlie people
of Vicetiar
VlCia -ae, f. a vetch; plur., Ov
vicies (viciens), adv. (viginti), twenty
tines; H.S. vicies, 2,000,000 sesterces, Cic.
20*
Vicilinus -i, in. (perhap* from vigil), the
watchful one ; Juppiter Vicilinus, Liv.
vicinalis -e (vicinus), neighbouring, near;
ad vicinalem usum, after the manner of neigh-
bouiy, Liv.
Vicinia -ae, f. (vicinus), neighbourhood, near-
ness, vicinUy. I. A. Lit., Persidis, Verg. ; in
nostra vicinia, Cic. B. Meton., tlie neighbour-
hood = the neighbours ; Hispala ex Aveutino
libertina non ignota viciniae, Liv. ; funus laudet
vicinia, Hor. II. Fig., 1, nearness, Petr. ; 2,
likeness, similarity, affinity, Quint.
vicinitas -atis, f. (vicinus), neighbourhood,
vicinity, nearness. I. A. Lit., in ea vicinitate,
Cic. ; plur., neighbourly connections, Cic. B.
Meton., neighbourhood = neighbours ; signum
quod erat notum vicinitati, Cic. II. Fig., like-
ness, affinity, Quint.
vicinus -a -um (vicus), near, neighbouring.
1. Lit., A. Adj., bellum, Liv. ; with dat., sedes
vicina astris, Verg. ; Thessalia quae est vicina
Macedoniae, Liv. B. Subst., 1, vicinus -i, m.,
Vicina -ae, f. a neighbour ; vicini mei, Cic. ; 2,
vicinum -i, n. the neighbourhood, vicinity ;
plur., sonitu plus quam vicina fatigat, Ov. II.
Fig., similar, like, kindred; in the dat., dia-
lecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,
Cic -„
Vicis (genit. ; nom. not found), vlcera. vlcfi,
plur., vices, vlclbus, change, interchange, alterna-
tion, vicissitude. I. Lit., A. Gen., a, hac vice
sennonum, interchange of discourse, Verg. ; vico
humanarum fortunaruin, Liv. ; solvitur acris
hienis grata vice veris et Favoni, Hor. ; b, adv.,
(a) per vices, alternately; clamare, Ov. ; (jS) in
vicem (invicein), more rarely vicein, in vices, *-
alternately, reciprocally, by turns; simul eramus
invicem, Cic. ; hi rursus in vicem anno post in
armis sunt, Caes. B. Esp., 1, requital, recom-
pense, compensation, retaliation ; recito vicein
officii praesentis, Cic; redde vicem mentis, Ov.;
2, the vicissitude of fate, fate, lot, destiny ; tacite
gementes tiistem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. ; con-
verter humanam vicem, Hor. II. Transf., a
place, office, post, duty ; a, nulla est enim per-
sona, quae ad vicem eius, qui e vita emigrant,
propius acced&b, Cic. ; vestiamque meamque
vicein explete, Tac. ; b, adv., vicem, vice, in
vicem, ad vicein, inplace of, instead of, like, as ;
in qua re tuam vicem saepe doleo, Cic; Sar-
danapali vicein in sno lectulo mori, like Sarda-
napalus, Cic. ; defatigatis invicem iutegri suc-
cedunt, Caes.
vicissatim = vicissim (q.v.).
VlCissim, adv. (vicis). I. in turn ; tena
florere, deinde vicissim horrere potest, Cic. II.
on the other liand ; considera nunc vicissim tuum
factum, Cic.
vioissitudo -inis, f. ( vicis), change, altera-
tion, vicissitude ; imperitandi, Liv.; vicissitudo
in sermone coinmuni, intercliange of discourse ;
plur., fortunae, Cic
victima -ac, f. an animal offered in sacrifice,
a victim, Caes. ; fig., se victimam reipublicae
praebuisset (Decius), Cic
victimarius -ii, in. (victima), an assistant
or servant at a sacrifice, Liv.
victito (intens. of vivo), 1. to live upon, feed
upon ; llcis, Plaut.
victor -oris, m. (vinco), a conqueror, victor.
I. Lit., a, absol., parere viotoii. Liv. : in appo-
sition, as a conqueror, victorious; viotores Se-
quani, Caes. ; victor exereitus, Cic; currus, Ov.;
b, with genit., omnium gentium, Cic; victor
trium simul bellorum, Liv. ; c, with abl., bello
civili victor, Cic. II. Fig., animu* hbidinis et
divitiarum victor, Sail,
vie
61S
vig
^Victoria -ae, f. (victor), victory, conquest.
i. Lit., A. victoria Cannensis, Liv. ; clarissima,
Cic. ; with de aud the abl., victoria de Vejenti-
bus, Liv.; with ad and the ace, nuntius victoriae
ad Caun.is, Liv. ; adlplsci victoriani, Caes. ; con-
secutnm esse sibi gloriosam victoriani, Cic. ;
dare alicui victoriani, Liv. B. Proper name,
Victoria, the goddess of Victory, represented with
wings and with a laurel crown or palm branch in
the hand. II. Transf., a, certaminis, Liv.; b,
in a court of justice, nocentissima victoria, Cic.
Victoriatus -i, m., genit. plur., victoriatum
O'ictoria), a silver coin stamped with a figure of
Victory, worth half a denarius, Cic.
victoriola -ae, f. (dim. of Victoria), a small
statue of Victory, Cic.
victrix -triois, f. neut. plur. -tricia (f. of
victor), she that conquers ; attrib. = victorious,
conquering. L Lit., Athenae, Cic. ; litprae,
bringing news of victory, Cic. II. Fig., mater
victrix tiliae, non libidinis, Cic.
Victumulae -arnm, f. a town in Gallia Cis-
padana.
vlctilS -(is, ra. (vivo). I. manner of life, way
of living ; Persarum, Cic; in omni vita atque
victu excultus, Cic. II. support, nourishment,
food ; alicui vietum quotidianum in Prytaneo
publice praebere,3 Cic. ; parare ea, quae sup-
peditent ad vietum, Cic. ; plur., persequi ani-
mantium ortus, victus, figuras, Cic.
viculus -i, m. (dim. of vicus) a little village,
a hamlet, Cic.
vicus -i, m. (connected with olxos). I. a
quarter or district of a town, street; nullum in
urbe vicum esse, in quo non, eta, Cic; vicos
platensque inaedifleat, Caes. II. In the country,
A. it village, hamlet, Cic, Caes. B. an estate,
country-seat ; scribis te vicum venditurum, Cic.
videlicet, adv. (videre licet, one ran see).
X. Lit., a, clearly, plainly, manifestly, evidently;
quae videlicet ille non ex agvi con c itura, sed ex
doctrinae indioiis interpretubatur, Cic. ; ellipti-
oilly, in answers, quid nietuebnnt? vim vide-
licet, evidently violence, Cic ; b, ironically,
forsooth, of course, to be sure ; homo videlicet
timidus et permodestiis ^oi t uriline), Cic II.
Transf., namely ; venissetempusiisqui in timore
fuissent, conjuratos videlicet dici bat, ulciscendi
se, Cic.
vlden' = videsne? v. video.
video, vldi» visum, 2. (root VID, Gr. IS,
E1A, eUov), to see. I. A. to have the power of
seeing, to be able to see; a, absol., quain longe
videmus? Cic. ; b, with ace, at ille nescio qui
mille et ontoginta stadia quod abesset videUat,
Cic. B. to see = to have the eyes open, to be
awake, Verg. IL A. to see, perceive something.
AA. Lit. and transf., 1, lit, a, Pompejanum non
cerno, Cic; with ace. and inlin., qnurn suos
interflci viderent, Caes.; b, = to live to see;
utinani eum diem videam, quuin, etc., Cic. ; 2,
transf., to perceive with the senses; inugire vide-
bis sub pedibns terrain, Verg. BB. Fig., of the
mind, 1, to perceive, notice, observe; aliquem or
aliquid in somnis, Cic; quem virum P. Crassum
vidimus, Cic ; 2, in pass., as eico^iai, to have
Vie appearance, seem, appear, be thought; a, (a)
with nom., nt i in belles tlmidique videam ur,
Cic; (J)) witn infln., lit beate vixisso videar,
Cic ; (y) with nom. and infln., nt exstinctae
potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,
Cic. ; with ace and infln., it appears; turn mini
videtnr, ad beate viveudum satis posse virtutem,
Cic; b, of cautious expressions in official state-
ments instead of decided utterances, majores
nostri volnerunt, quae jnrati judicea eognovis-
aent, ea non nt esse facta, set ut videri pronun-
tiarent, Cic; e, videtnr (alicui), it seems good,
it is the opinion of; earn quoqiie, si videtur,
correctionem explicabo, Cic. B. to look at, to
look upon., behold. AA. Lit., a, aliquem videre
non posse, Cic; b, to see = to find out and speak
to ; Othonem vide, Cic. ; c, to look after with
care, to provide for ; alicui prandium, Cic; d,
to look to as a model, Cic. BB. Fig., a, to reflect
upon, consider; vidcas et consideres quid agas,
Cic. ; b, to trouble oneself about, see to ; viderunt
ista officia viri boni, Cic. ; foil, by ut or ne and
the subj., videant consules ne quid respublica
detriment! capiat, Cic ; c, to have in view, to
aim at; majus quiddam, Cic; videt aliud, he
has other views, Cic
viduertas -atis, f. (viduus), failure of crops,
Cato.
viduitas -atis, f. (viduus), want. I. Gen.,
omnium coplarum, Plaut II. widowhood, Cic.
vidulus -i, m. (vieo), a wicker trunk covered
with leather, Plaut.
viduo, 1. (viduus), to deprive of. I. Gen.,
urbem embus, Verg.; arva numquam viduata
pruinis, Verg. II. Esp., partic, viduata -ae,
f. widowed, Tac
viduus -a -urn (root VID, seen in divido),
separated from something. I. Gen., deprived of,
bereaved of, destitute of; with genit. or abl. or a
with abl., pectus viduum amoris, Ov. ; lacua
vidui a lumine Phoebi, Verg. II. Esp., 1, de*
prived of a husband, widowed ; domus, Ov. ; so
of an unmarried woman, se rectius viduam (un-
married) et ilium caelibem futurum fuisse, Liv.;
hence, mulier vidua and subst., vidua -ae, f. a
widow, Cic; hence, transf., a, of animals, Plin.;
b, of trees, to which no vine is trained, arbor,
Hor. ; 2, deprived of a lover; puolla, Ov.
Vienna -ae, f. a town in Gallia Karbonensis,
on the Rhone, now Vienne. Hence, Viennen-
SiS -e, o/ Vienne.
vieo -etum, 2. to bind, weave together, Varr.
vietus -a -um (vieo), shrivelled, shrunken,
withered; cor, Cic.
vigeo, 2. to be rigorous, thrive, flourish, to be
active. I. Lit., quod viget, caeleste est, Cic.;
animus in rermn cognltione vigct, Cic ; viget
memoria, Cic II. Transf., to flourish, to be
j>rosj>eroiis, to be in high repute or great power, to
be ut the height; vigent studia, Cic; quem
(Pliilnnem) in Academia maxlmo vigere audio,
Cic.
vigesco (inchoat. of vigeo), 3. to become
vigorous, to begin tofiourislt or thrive, Lucr.
vlgesimus = vicesimus (q.v.).
Vigil -ilis, all. -Ill, genit. plur. -um, wakeful,
watchful. I. Lit, canes, Hor.; ales, the cock,
Ov. ; subst., a watchman, Liv.; plur., vigiles
fanique custodes, Cic. II. Transf., vigiles
oculi, Verg. ; ignis, ever-burning, Verg., Ov.
vigilans -antis, p. adj. (from vigilo), watch-
ful, vigilant ; oculi, Verg. ; consul, Cic. ; ut
nemo vigilantior ad judicium venisso videatur,
Cic.
vigilanter, adv. (vigilans), wdkefuUy, vigil-
antly ; se tueri, Cic; enitar vigilantius, Cic;
vehementissime vigilantisslmeque vexatus, Cic.
vigilantia -ae, f. (vigilo), watchfulness, vigil-
ance, wakefulness, Cic.
vigilax -acia (vigilo), watchful, wakeful;
Clirae, disturbing, Ov.
vigilia -ae, f. (vigil). I. Gen., wakefulness,
sleeplessness, also = night spent in watching ; De-
rnosthenis vigiliae, Cic. II. Esp., a watching
for the security of a place, esp., for a city or camp,
watch, guard. A. 1, lit., vigi'ias agcre ad aedes
vig
619
vm
sacras, OIc. ; vestra tecta eustodiis vigiliisque
defendite, Clc. ; 2, meton., a, a watch, one of
the four divisions into which the Romans divided
the night ; prima vigilia, Liv. ; b, the soldiers
'keeping watch, sentinels; si excubiae, si vigiliae,
si delecta juventus, Cic. B. Fig., watchfulness,
vigilance, care; ut vacuum metu populum
Romanum nostra vigilia et prospicientia red-
deremus, Cic.
vigiliarium -li, n. (vigilia), a watch-house,
Sen.
vigilo, 1. (vigil). I. Intransit, to be awake,
keep awake, watch. A. 1, lit., ad multam noctein,
Cic; 2, transf., vigilantes cnrae, Cic; lumina
vigilantia, on a lighthouse, Ov. B. Fig., to be
vigilant, watchful, careful; vigilabo pro vobis,
Cic. II. Transit., 1, to watch through, pass in
watching; vigilata nox, Ov. ; 2, to care for by
watching, provide for ; quae vigilanda viris, Verg.
viginti, num. (connected with dxocn), twenty,
Cic
vigintiviratus -us, m. (vigintiviri), the
office of the vigintiviri ; a, for the division of the
public land, Cic; b, of an inferior civil court, Tac.
vigintiviri -orum, m. a commission of twenty
members, appointed by Caesar for the division of
lands in Campania, Cic
vigor -oris, m. (vigeo), vigour, force, energy;
aetatis, Liv. ; animi, Liv.
Vila = villa (q.v.).
villous — villicus (q.v.).
vilipendo, 3. (vilis and pendo), to think
meanly of, hold cheap, Plaut.
vilis -e, cheap, low-priced. I. Lit., servulus,
Cic. ; fi'umeutum vilius, Cic. ; res vilissimae,
Cic. II. Transf., a, worthless, common, of little
value; honor vilior fuisset, Cic; h, found in
quantities, abundant, common; j)liaselus, Verg.
vilitas -alis, f. (vilis), cheapness, loiv price. I.
Lit., annonac, Cic. ; annus est in vilitato, it is a
cheap year, Cic; num in vilitate nummum dedit,
at the lowest price, Cic. II. Transf., trifling
value, worthlessness, meanness, Plin.
Vlliter, adv. (vilis), cheaply, Plaut.
villa -ae, f. (perhaps connected with vicus),
a country-house, an estate, country seat, farm.
I. Gen., qui ager neque villain habuit neque
ex ulla parte fait coitus, Cic. II. Esp., Villa
Publica, a public building at Home in the Campus
Martins, used by the magistrates when they held
the ccnsiis or the levy for the army, and by foreign
ambassadors, Liv.
villaris -e (villa), of or relating to a country-
house, Plin.
villaticus -a -um (villa), of or relating to a
country-house, Varr.
villioa, v. villicus.
villico, 1. (villicus), to manage an estate; ut
quasi dispensare rempublicam et in ea quodam
modo villicare possit, Cic.
villicus -a -um (villa), of or belonging to a
country-seat. Subst. , A. villicus -i, m, a bailiff,
steward, overseer of an estate, Cic. B. villioa
-ae, f. a bailiff's wife, Cat.
villosus'-a -um (villus), shaggy, rough-haired,
hairy ; leo, Verg., Ov.
villula -ae, f. (dim. of villa), a small country-
house, little farm, Cic.
villuin -i, n. (dim. of vinum, for vinulum),
o little drop of wine, Ter.
villus -i, m. (connected with pilus), shaggy
hair; animantinm aliae villis vestitae, Cic.
vimen -Inis, n. (vieo), an osier, withe, twig ;
1, lit., scuta ex cortice facta ant viminibus
intextis, Caes. ; 2, meton. = a baslcet or vesul
made of twigs, etc.; curvum, a bee-hive, Ov.
vimentum = vimen (q.v.).
Viminalis -e (vimen), of or relating to osiers.
I. Gen., Plin. IL Esp., as a proper name,
Viminalis collis, owe of the hills of Home, so called
from an osier plantation there, wliere Jupiter
Viminius was worshijjped.
viminetum -i, n. (vimen), an osier-bed.Xarr.
vimincus -a -um (vimen), made of osiers,
ivicker ; tegumenta, Caes.
Viminius, v. viminalis.
vin'=visne, v. 1. volo.
Vinaceus -a -um (vinum), belonging to wine.
Subst, vinaceus -i, m. a grape-stone.
vinalia -lum, n. (vinum), the wine festival,
held twice a year on the 22wJ of April and the
19th of August, Ov.
vinarius -a -um (vinum), of or relating to
wine. I. Adj., vas, o wine-cask, Cic. ; crimen,
relating to the duties on wine, Cic II. Subst.,
A. vinarius -li, m. o vintner. B. vinar-
iuni -li, n. a wine-jar, wine-Jlask, Plaut.
vincapervinca -ae, f. a plant, periwinkle,
Plin.
Vincibilis -e (vinco), that can be easily g : r.ed ;
causa, Ter.
vincio, vinxi, vinctum, 4. L to bind, to tie
rmtnd ; 1, lit., a, suras cothurno alte, Verg. ;
tempora floribus, Hor. ; boves vincti cornua
vittis, Ov. ; b, esp., to bind, fetter ; inanus laxe,
Liv.; aliquem triais catenis, Caes.; 2, fig., to
fetter ; a, to bind, pledge ; eius religioni te
vinctum astrictumqus dedamus, Cic ; b, to
limit, confine, restrain; si turpissime se ilia
pars' animi gerct, vinciatur, Cic. II. Transf.,
A. to bind, confine; membra oratiouis numeris.
Cic. B. to strengthen, protect; oppida praesidiis,
Cie. C. to embrace closely, Prop. D. to fetter
by cncluintments ; linguas et ora, Ov.
vinco, vlci, victum, 3. (perhaps connected
with pcr-vicax), to conquer, overcome, defeat, sub-
due, vanquish. I. A. Lit., a, milit. 1. 1., .jus esse
belli r.t qui vicjsafint iis quos vicissent quem-
admodum vellflti't imperareut, Caes.; Carthagini-
enses, Cic. ; b, in a contest of skill, neque
vincere certo, Verg. ; c, in any.kind of conten-
tion ; (a) in play, Quint. ; Q3) in law, judicio (of
the prosecutor), Cic. ; judicium (of the accused),
Cic; (y) at an auction, to out-bid; Othonem,
Cic. ; (6) in debate, vicit ea pars senatus, etc.,
Sail. B. Transf., to master, to get the mastery
over; a, non viribus ullis vincere posse ramum,
Verg. ; victus somno, Liv. ; vincere noctem
flammis (of lights), Verg. ; multa saecula
durando, to last, Verg. ; b, of a place, aera
summum arboris jactu vincere, to fly over, Verg.
II. Fig., A. to master, control; a, vincit ipsa
rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic ;
b, to overcome by working on one's feelings, will,
etc.; vinci a vohvptate, Cic; victus animi re-
spexit, Verg. B. 1, to jkks beyond, surpass;
opinionem vicit omnium, Cic. ; 2, to prove vic-
toriously; vinco deinde bonum virum fuisse
Oppianicuin, hominem integrum, etc., Cic; 3,
in colloquial language, a, vincimus, vicimus, w»
have won, we have attained our object ; cui si ess»
in urbe tuto liccUt, vicimus, Cic ; b. vicisti,
you are right; viceris, you shall have your way ;
vincite, vincerent, luxve your way, let them have
their way ; vincite, si ita vultis, Caes.
vinctura -ae, f. (vincio), o bandage, Varr.
vinctus -ti, in. (vincio), a binding, Varr.
vinoulum (vinclum) -i, n. (vincio), a
band, cord, noose. I. Lit., A. Gen., corpora
Viil
(J-20
vir
coDstricta vlnculis, Cic; aptare vincula Colin,
Ov. B. Esp., vincula, lx»ids, fetters of a
prisoner, and metoll., imprisonment; conjieere
aliqueni in vincula, Caes. ; rninpere alicuius
vincula, Cic. ; esse in vinculia et catenis, Liv.
ZI. Transf., A. a bond, fetter, chain ; a, concr.,
ex corporum vinculia tanquain e carcere evol-
averunt, Cic. ; b, abstr., vinculum ingens im-
modieae cupiditatis injectum est, Liv. B. a
band, bomi ; a, concr., mollitpennaruin vincula,
ceras, Ov. ; b, abstr., numerorum, Cic; con-
junctionis, Cic; fidei, Liv.; vinclis propin-
quitatis coiijunctus, Cic. ; vincula judiciorum.
Cic.
Vindelici -orum, in. a German people north
of Rhaetia, south of the Danube, with a capital
Augusta Vindelicorum, now Augsburg.
vindemia -ae, f. (vinum and demo), the
vintage. I. A. Lit., Plin. B. Meton., grapes,
wine, Verg. II. Transf., harvest, ingathering;
olearum, Plin.
vindemiator -oris, m.(vindemio),« vintager.
I. Lit., Hor. II. Transf., a star in the constel-
lation l'irgo, Ov.
vindcmio, 1. (vindemia), io gather the vint-
age, Plin.
vindemiola -ae, f. (dim. of vindemia), a
little vintage; meton., omnes lr.eas vindemiolas
reserve, income, Cic.
vinriox -Ids, c (vindico). I. one who lays
claim to or protects, a surety, guarantee, protector,
defender, deliverer, vindicator ; a, of a surety,
Cic; b, a protector; aeris alieni, a protector of
creditors, Cic; injuriae, against wrong, Liv.
II. o/i avenger, revenger, punisher; conjura-
tionis, Cic.
Vindicitio -6nis>, f. (vindico), a defending,
protecting, avenging, Cic.
vindieiae -arum, f. (vindico), a making a
legal claim to a thing in presence of the praetor;
injustis viudiciis ac saeramentis petcre aliquid,
Cic; 1 1 i Appius vindieias ab libertate in servi-
tutein dedcrit, has adjiulgcd a free jierson to be a
slave, Liv.
vindico, 1. (vim dico, to threaten force). I.
to make a legal claim fur .-.j... ■'thing, to '•laim.
A. Lit., sponsam in libertatem, Liv. B.
Transf, 1, to lay claim to, to claim, arrogate,
assume, appropriate; Clni suum (Ilomerum)
vindicant, Cic. ; deeus belli ad sc, Liv. ; partem
aliquam sibi quisque vindicat, Cic. ; 2, a, to
set free, liberate, deliver; vindieare rem populi
in libertatem, Cic; te ab eo vindico et libera,
Cic; b, to protect, preserve; libertatem, Caes.;
aliquem a verberibns, Cic. II. to avenge,
punish, take vengeance on. A. Lit., acerrime
malelicia, Cic. ; in cives inilitesque nostras, Cic.
B. Trans t, Graccbi conatus perditos, Cic
Vindicta -ae, f. (vindico). I. the rod with
which the praetor touched the slave, who was to be.
manumitted, a manumission staff; si neque
censu neque. vindicta neque lestamento liber
factus est, Cic. II. Jleton., A. deliverance. ;
vii'dicta invisae lvuius vitae, Liv. B. vengeance,
punishment; legis severae, Ov.
vinea, v. vinens.
vineatlCUS -a -um (vinea), belonging to i :
relating to vines, Cato.
vinctum -i, n. (vinum), a vineyard, Cic.
vlneus -a -um (vinum), of or belonging to
leine. Subst., vinea -ae, f . A. a vineyard, Cic.
B. MiUt. t. t., a sheil bvilt (like an arbour) for
sheltering besiegers, a mantlet, pentliouse, Caes.
vinitor -oris, m. (vinum), a vinedresser, Cic.
vinniilus a um, sweet, cluirming, pleasant,
Plaut.
vinolentia -ae, f. (vinolentus), wine-drink-
ing, intoxication, Cic.
vinolentus -a -um (vinum). I. Gen., mixed
with wine; medicamina, Cic. II. Esp., of
persons, drunk with 'vine; intoxicated, Cic. ;
subst., vinolenti = drunkards, Cic.
vinosus -a -urn (vinum), full of wine, drtnfc-
i»<i much wine, wine-bibbing ; aeuex, Anacreun,
Ov. ; vinosior aetas, Ov.
vinulent ... v. vinolent.
vinum -i, n. (connected with olvos), wine. I.
A. Lit., leve, Cic; mutatuin, sour, Cic; villi
plenus, Cic. ; obruere se vino, Cic. ; plur., vina
= kinds of wine, Cic. B. Meton., a, the grape ;
b, wine = wine-drinking ; vino lustrisque con-
fectus, Cic; in vino ridere, Cic. II. Transf.,
wine made from fruit, Plin.
Viocurus -i, m. (via and euro), ait overseer
of roads, Varr,
viola -ae, f. (ioi'). I. a violet ; pallens.Verg.;
collect., an tu me in viola putabas aut in rosa
dicere? on beds of violets or roses? Cic. II.
Meton., the colour of the violet, violet; tinctus
viola pallor amantium, Hor
violabilis -e (violo), that may or can be in-
jured; cor, Ov.; numen, Verg.
violaceus -a -um (viola), violet-coloured,
Nep.
violarmm -li, n. (viola), a bed of violets,
Verg '
violarius -ii, m. (viola), one who dyts violet,
Plaut.
violatio -oois, f. (violo), an injury, violation,
profanation; templi, Liv. f>
violator -oris, in. (violo), an injurer, violator
profuncr ; templi, Ov. ; gentium juris, Liv.
Vl61enS-enti.s(vis), vehement, violent, fur ion ; ;
Aulldus, Hor.
violenter, adv. (violens), violently, impetu-
ously, vehemently ; aliquem accusare, Liv.
violentia -ae, f. (violentus), violence, vehe-
mence, impetuosity; lioininis, Cic; fortunae,
Sail.
violentus -a -um (vis), violent, vehement,
furious, impetuous; ingenium, Cic; ira, Ov. ;
violentior eurus, Verg. ; Yiolentissimae tein-
pestates, Cic.
violo, 1. (vis), to treat with violence, violate,
injure; a, urbem, to plunder, Liv.; tines, to lay
waste, Cic. ; ebur sanglineo ostro, to dye blood-
red, Verg.; b, morally, to profane, dishonour;
loca religiosa, Cic. ; jus, Cic; amicitiam, Cic
vipera -ae, f. (perhaps for vivipara, from
vivus and pario, bearing the young alive). I. a
viper, Plin. ; prov., in sinu atque (leliciis
viperam illa.ni venenatam et pestiferani habere,
to nourish- a snake, in one's bosom, Cic. ; as a
word of abuse, viper, Juv. II. Transf., in
general, a snake, serpent, udder, Verg.
vipereus -a -um (vipera). I. of a viper or a
snake; dentes, Ov. ; anima, poisonous breath,
Verg. II. having snakes ; inonstium, the snaky-
haired Medusa head, Ov. ; canis, Cerberus, Ov. ;
sorores, the Furies, with snakes ou their heads,
Ov.
viperinus -a -um (vipera), of or relating to
a viper or snuke ; sanguis, Hor.
vipio -onis, in. o kind of small crane, Plin.
vir, viri, m. a man, male person. I. Gen., de
viro factus femina, Ov. II. Esp., A. a fvll-yrown
man, a man of mature age (o\y. puer), Ov. B. a
husband; in viro suo Socrate, Cic; transf., of
animals, vir g-^-gis ipse caper, Verg. C. Emphat,
a man of character, courage, spirit; tulit dolorem
vir
621
vir
ut vir, Cic. D. Milit. t. t.= soldier, gen. plur.,
soldiers, or opp. to cavalry = foot-soldiers ;
equites virique, Liv. E. Used for is or illc,
auctoritas viri moverat, Liv. F. a single man,
an individual ; in such a phrase as vir virum
legit, eaeh singles out his opponent, Verg. G.
Plur., viri, poet, transf. = homines, men, mortals,
as opp. to gods. H. Meton., virility, Cat.
(genit. plur., often virum).
Virago -Inis, f. (virgo), a man-like woman,
female warrior, heroine; of Pallas, bello metu-
enda virago, Ov. ; Juturna virago, Verg.
VirblUS -ii, m. (said to be from vir and bis),
the name of Hippolytus after he was restored to
life; also of his son, Verg.
virectum (viretum) -i, n. (*virex from
vireo), greensward, turf; plur., vireeta nem-
orum, glades, Verg.
virens, p. adj. (from vireo). I. green ;
agellus, Hor. II. Fig., blooming, youthful;
puella, Ilor.
' 1. vireo, 2. to be green. I. Lit., arbores et
vita virent, Cic. II. Fig., to be blooming, vigor-
ous, healthy, fresh, youthful ; virebat integris
sensibiis, Liv.
2. vireo -onis, m. a kind of bird, perhaps the
green-finch, Plin.
vires -ium, f., v. vis.
Viresco, 3. (inchoat. of vireo), to grow green,
become green; injussa virescunt gramina, Verg.
viretum — virectum (q.v.).
virga -ae, f. (vireo). I. a thin green twig,
bough; turea, Verg. ; viscata, a limed twig, Ov.
II. Meton., A. 1, a slip for planting, Ov. ; 2, a
rod for inflicting stripes, Plant.; e.sp., plur.,
virgae, the rods of which the lictors' fasces were
formed ; aliquem virgis caedere, Cic. ; sing,
collect., for the fasces, Ov. ; 3, a broom, Ov. ;
4, a magic wand; esp. of Mercury, Ov., Verg.
B. Of things resembling a rod or twig, 1, virgae,
the sialics of the flax plant, Plin.; 2, a streak, stripe
of colour on clotlies ; purpureis tingit sua cor-
pora virgis, Ov.
virgator -oris, m. (virga), one who beats with
rods, Plant.
virgatUS -a -urn (virga), 1, made of twigs or
osiers, Cat. ; 2, striped ; sagula, Verg.
virgeturn -i, n. (virga), an osier-bed, thicket
of brushwood, Cic.
virgeus -a -utn (virga), made of twigs or rods ;
flanima, of burning twigs, Verg.
virgldemia -ae, f. (formed in jest from
analogy with vindemia), a 7-od-harvest, i.e., a
good beating, Plaut.
VirglllUS = Vergilius (q.v.).
virginalis -e (virgo), of or belonging to a
virgin, maidenly; habitus, vestitus, Cic.
virginarius = virginalis (q. v.).
virgineus -a -um (virgo), of or belonging to
a virgin, maidenly; favilla, ashes of a dead
maiden, Ov. ; rubor, Verg. ; aqua or liquor, the
stream Virgo, v. Virgo, Ov.
virgimtas -atis, f. (virgo), virginity, Cic.
VirgiaiUS = Verginius (q.v.).
virgo -inis, f.,(root VARG, whence opyrj). I.
a maiden, virgin; 1, lit., Cic; Saturnia, Vesta,
Ov. ; Phoebea, the. laurel-tree into which Daphne
vms turned, Ov. ; virgo = Astraea, Verg. ; dea,
Diana, Ov. ; virginis aequor, the Hellespont, Ov.;
virgo vestalis or simply virgo, Cic. ; 2, transf.,
of animals, Plin. ; 3, meton., a, the constellation
Virgo, Cic. poet.; b, Aqua Virgo, or simply Virgo,
astream of water brought to Rome in an aqueduct
by M. Agrippa, the source of which was said to
have been discovered by a maiden. II. a young
woman; a, unmarried, Ov. ; b, married, a
young wife, Verg.
virgula -ae, f. (dim. of virga). I. a little
tv.ng, a little bough, Nep. II. Meton., a, rod,
staff; 1, gen., virgula stantcm circumaeribere,
Cic; 2, esp., a, virga divina, a magic, staff, Cic;
b, censoria, a critical mark that the jtassage
marked is not genuine, Quint.
VirgiilatUS -a -um (virgula), striped, Plin.
Virgultum -i, n. (for virguletum from vir-
gula). I. a thicket, copse, brushwood ; gen. plur.,
Liv., Caes. II. a slip for planting , Lucr.,Verg.
vlrguncula -ae, f. (dim. of virgo), a young
virgin, little girl, Sen.
viriae -arum, f. (vir), armlets, bracelets,
Plin.
Viriathus (Virlatus) -i, m. a brave Lusi-
tanian, who commanded his countrymen in their
war against the Romans.
virldarlum (virldiarium) ii, n. (viridis),
a pleasure-garden ; plur., viridaria. Cic.
Viridicatus -a -um (viridis), made green,
green, Cic. (?)
viridis -e (vireo), green (in all its shades),
grass-green, pea-green, sea-green. I. Lit., A.
Adj., ripa, Cic ; Venafrum, rich in olive-trees,
Hor. ; esp., of the colour of the sea, or of water,
or of what is found in it, of the nymphs, etc.;
Mincius, Verg. ; comae Nereiduin, Ov. B.
Subst., Viride -is, n. 1, green, the colour green,
Plin. ; 2, a green growth, the green of grass or
trees ; esp., of young corn, Liv. ; plur., virldia
-ium, n. green trees or herbs, Sen. II. Transf.,
of age, fresh, young, blooming, vigorous ; juventa,
Verg.
Viridltas -atis, f. (viridis). I. greenness;
pratorum, Cic. II. Fig., the freshness, bloom of
youth; senectus aufert viriditatem, Cic.
virido, 1. (viridis). I. Intransit., to be
green; partic , viridans, green; laurus, Verg.
II. Transit., to make green; hence, viridari, to
become green, Ov.
Viridomarus (Virdomarus) -i, m. a
Gallic name; a. a leader of the Aedui, Caes.; b,
a commander »y the Insubres, killed by M. Claudius
Marcellv.s, 111 p.o.
virilis -e (vir), manly, male, virile. I. In rela-
tion to sex ; 1, a, stirps, Liv. ; secus, male sex,
Liv. ; b, in grammar, masculine, Varr. ; 2, of age,
adult; toga, assumed by the Roman youtlts in their
fifteenth or sixteenth year, Cic; 3, in relation to
the person, pars virilis, part, lot, share, duty ; est
nliqua pars mea virilis, Cic. ; pro virili parte, to
the utmost of one's ability, Liv., Cic. II. manly,
courageous, spirited, vigorous, bold ; animus, Cic;
ingenium, Sail.
virilitas -atis, f. (virilis), manly age, man-
hood; 1, lit., Tac. ; 2, meton., virility, Tac.
Virilit8r, adv. (virilis), manfully, courage-
ously, vigorously ; aegrotare, Cic. ; facere, Hor.
Virlolae -arum, f. (dim. of viriae), a small
armlet, bracelet, Plin.
viripotens -entis (vires and potens), mighty
(epithet of Jupiter), Plaut.
Viritim, adv. (vir). I. man by man, indi-
viduiUly ; agros viritim dividere civibus, Cic.
II. Transf., singly, separately, especially ; viritim
commonefacere benehcii sui, Sail.
Viromandui (Veromandi) -5rum, m. a
people in Gallia Belgica, east of the Atrebates,
south of the Nervii.
virosus -a -um (virus), stinking, fetid; cas«
torea, Verg. _ . .: .__■
rir
G22
Tit
Virtus -fitis, f. (vir), manly excellence. I.
A- GeD., 1, lit., excellence, capacity, worth,
virtue; aniiui. corporis, Cic. ; 2, transf., of
animals, inanimate or abstract things, character-
istic excellence, goodness, worth, excellence; cqnj.
Cic. : herbarum, Ov. ; oratoriae virtutes, Cic.
B. Esp., 1, moral excellence, virtue; honesta in
virtute ponuntur, Cic; 2, valour, bravery,
murage, Cic, Caes., Liv. ; rei miliiaris, Cic ;
bellandl, Cic; plar., virtutes, deeds of bravery,
'Inc. ; 3, courage, resolution in difficulties; nisi
virtute et animo restitisseni, Cic.
virus -i, n. I. a slimy liquid, slime, Verg.
II. A. poison; of snakes, Lucr., Verg.; fig.,
aliquis apud quern evomat virus acerbitatis
suae, Cic. S. a harsh, bitter taste; tetrum, of
salt water, Lucr.
Vis (genit. sing., vis rare), ace vim, abl. vi,
plur., vires -ium, f. force, power, strength. I.
A. Lit., 1, a, sing., celeritas et vis equorum,
Cic. ; fluminis, Caes. ; b, plur., vires, usually
applied to physical, strength, vires nervique,
sanguis viresque, Cic. ; 2, esp., hostile force,
violence; cuni vi vis allata defenditur, Cic;
alicui vim afferre, Cic. ; per vim, by force, Caes.
B. Meton., 1, a large number or quantity;
magna vis auri argentique, Cic. ; 2, plur., vires,
troops, forces ; satis virium ad certaiuen, Liv. II.
Transf., 1, gen., intellectual and moral strength,
might, power, influence; vis ilia divina et. virtus
orationis, Cic.; 2, esp., force, nature, -meaning,
essence; a, in quo estomnis vis amicitiae, Cic ;
b, esp., the meaning of a word; verbi, nominis,
Cic.
Viscatus -a -um (viscum), smeared with bird-
lime; viiga, Ov.
viscera, v. viscus.
visceratio -onis, f. (viscera), a public cits'
tribution of meat to the people, Cic
Visco, 1. (viscum), to make sticky, Juv.
. viscum -i, n. (ifds). I. mistletoe, Verg. II.
Meton., bird-lime, Cic
ViSCUS -Srie, n. usually plur. viscera -um, n.
the inside ofihe, body, entrails, viscera. I. A.
Lit, haerentia viscere tela, Ov. B. Tiansf.,
the flesh; e visceribus sanguis exeat, Cic. II.
Meton., plur., a, of pefsmiST'j'wfl nod jlocd,
one's own flesh — one's own child or children;
diripinnt avidae viscera nostra ferae, Ov. ; b,
of things, (o) the inmost part of anything; vis-
cera montis, Verg. ; reipublieae, Cic. ; (J3) heart-
blood = wealth, means ; aerarii, Cic.
Visendus -a -um, p. adj. (from viso), worthy
to be seen; ornatus, Cic; subst., visenda
.-oruin, n. things worth seeing, Liv.
. VISIO -onis, f. (video), a seeing, view. I. Lit.,
eamque esse dei visionem, ut similitudine cer-
natur, Cic. II. Meton., a ? an appearance;
.adventicia, Cic; b, a notion, idea ; doloris, Cic;
veri et falsi, Cic.
. visito, 1. (intens. of viso). I. to see often,
Plaut.' II. to visit; aliqueni, Cic
; viso -3i -gum, 3. (intens of video), to look at
carefully, behold attentively, contemplate. I. Lit.,
agros, Liv. ; visendi causa venire, Cic. II.
Transf., A. Gen., tocome to see, go to see, look to,
see after ; aedem Minervae, Plaut. ; si domi est,
•Ter. B. Esp., a, te visit, cell upon; esp., a
sick person, ut viderem te et viserem, Cic. ; b,
to visit a place ; Thespias, Cic. , domum alicuius,
Cic.
visulla -ae, f. a kind of vine, Plin.
• visum -i, n. (video), that which U seen, an
appearance, vision. I. Gen., Prop. II. Esp.,
A. an appearance in a dream, a dream; vim
somnioruin, Cic. B, As translation o! Gr
cjavTao-ia. of the Stoics, an image oj an external
object received through the senses, Cic.
Visurgis -is. ru. a river in North Germany,
the Weser.
visus -us, .a. (video). I. a seeing, sight,
vision, look ; visu noeere, Cic. ; obire omnia visu.
Verg.; plur., visus ell'ugiet tuos, Ov. II.
Melon., a sight, appearance; hoc visu laetus,
Liv.; of abstractions, visum habere quondam
iusiguem et illustrem, Cic.
vita -ac, f. (vivo), life. I. n, lit., in vita esse,
to live, Cic. ; vitam amittere, Cic ; vitam pro-
fuhdere pro aliquo, Cic ; vitam miserrimam
degere, Cic. ; vitam alicui adimere or auferre,
Cic. ; deum vitam accipere, Verg. ; in vita, during
my whole life, Cic; plur., serpit per omnium
vitas amicitia, Cic ; b, transf., of trees, etc.,
life, duration, Plin. II, Meton., 1, life, way of
living ; rustica, Cic. ; 2, life = biography, Nep. ;
3, lije, as a term of endearment ; mea vita, Cic;
4, a soul, shade in the lower world; tenues sine
corpore vitae, Verg. ; 5, men living, the world,
Tib.. _
vitabilis -e (vito), that may or ought to be
shunned, Ov.
vitabundus -a -um (vito), trying to avoid,
avoiding, shunning; vitabundus erumpit, Sail.;
with ace, vitabundus castra liostium, Liv.
vitalis -e (vita), of or relating to life, vital,
Cic; viae, the windpipe, Ov. ; subst., Tvtalia
-ium, n. vital parts, Plin.
vitalitas -.itis, f. (vitalis), life, vitality,
Plin.
vital! ter, adv. (vitalis), vitally, Lucr.
vitatio -onis, f. (vito), an avoiding, shun-
ning; oculorum, lucis, urbis, fori, Cic. ; doloris,
Cic.
Vitellia -ae, f. a town of the Aequi inLatium,
now Civitella.
VitelllUS -ii, m., Aulus, the Homan emperor
who succeeded Otho, notorious for his gluttony and
idleness, llence, A. Vitollius_ -a -uin, be-
longing to Vitelliv.s. B. Vitellianus -a -um,
Vitellian.
vitellus -i, m. (dim. of vitulus). I. a little
calf, as a term of endearment, Plaut. II. the
yolk of an egg, Cic.
vitcus -a -um (vitis), "/or relating to a vine;
pocula, wine, Verg.
vitiarium -Ii, n. (vitis), a nursery of young
vines, Var.
vitiatio -Onis. f. (vitio), a defiling, ravishing,
Sen.
vitiator -oris, m. (vitio), a violator, ravisher,
Sen.
viticiila -ae, f. (dim. of vitis), a little vine,
Cic
vitifer -feYa -fSrum (vitis and fero), vine-
bearing, Plin.
vitigenus -a -um (vitis and gigno), produced
from the vine ; liquor, Lucr.
vitigineus -a -um (vitis) of or relating to
the vine, Plin.
Vitiligo -in is, f. (vitium), a kind of cutaneous
eruption, Plin.
vitilis -e (vieo), plaited, intertusined, Plin.
Subst., vitilia -ium, n. wicker-work, Plin.
vitio, 1. (vitium), to injure, damage, corrup',
spoil, mar, vitiate. I. Lit., a, vitiatus aper,
high, Hor. ; omnem salibusamaris, Ov. ;b, esp.,
to defile, debauch a. maiden, Ter. II. Transf., A,
Gen., to forge, falsify ; senatus consulti, Liv.;
comitiorum et contionum significationes, Cic
B. Esp. religious t.t., vitiare diem, to declare flf
day unfit Jor the holding of the ceimis, Cic.
vit
623
viv
vitiose, adv. (vitiosus), fault]/, defective. I.
Lit., vitiose se habere, Cic. II. Transf., A.
perversely, wrongly ; illud vero idem Caecihus
vitiosius, Cic. B. Esp., against the auguries;
ferre leges, Cic.
vitiositas -atis, f. (vitiosus), viciousncss,
wickedness, Cic.
vitiosus -a -um (vitium), faulty, defective,
corrupt, bad. I. Lit., Varr. ; in fig., vitiosas
partes (unsound limbs) reipublicae exsecare,
sanare, Cic. II. Transf., A. defective, faulty,
wrong; suft'ragium, Cic; lex, Cic; vitiosis-
simus orator, Cic. B.Esp., 1, defective - against
the auguries, Cic. ; consul, dictator, elected in-
formally, Cic, Liv.; 2, morally corrupt, wicked;
non sunt vitiosiores, quam plerique qui, etc.,
Cic. ; vitiosa et flagitiosa vita, Cic.
vitis -is, f. I. a vine; 1, lit., Cic; 2,
meton., the centurion's staff, made of a vine-
branch, Tac. ; meton., the post of centurion, Juv.
II. Transf., vitis alba, a plant, also called aui-
peloleuce, Ov.
vitisator -oris, m. (vitis and sator), one who
plants vines, Verg.
vitium -ii, n. a fault, defect, blemish, imper-
fection. I. Lit, a, corporis, Cic; si nihil est
in paiietibus aut in tecto vitii, Cic. ; b, dross,
in metal; ignis vitium metallis excoquit, Ov.
II. Transf., A. Gen., a fault, imperfection, de-
fect; adversum vitium castrorum, defective
position, Cic. ; vitia Lc dicente acutius quam
recta videre, Cic. ; omnia fere vitia vitare, Cic
B. Esp., 1, religious t.t., adefect in the auguries ;
Uberna.c\ilwiivitio(againstthe auguries) captum,
Cic; 2, a, a moral fault, crime, vice; vitium
fugere, Hor. ; nullum ob totius vitae non dicam
vitium, sed erratum, Cic; in vitio esse, to de-
serve blame, Cic. ; or of persons, to betoblame, Cic ;
b, a defiling, debauching a woman, Plaut.
vito, 1. to avoid, shun. I. Lit., tela, Caes. ;
hastas, Ov. ; aspeetum or oculos hominum, Cic.
II. Fig., A. a, with ace, stultitiam, Cic;
suspiciones, Caes. ; b, with ne and the subj.,
vitandum est oratori utrumque, ne aut scurrilia
jocus .sit aut mimicus, Cic ; c, with the infin.,
tangere vitet scripta, Hor. B. to escape; casum
Cic. ; fuga mortem, Caes.
Vltreus -a -um (vitium), made of glass. I.
A. Lit., hostis, a glass draughtsman, Ov. B.
Meton., like glass, glassy, transparent, glittering;
unda, Verg.; ros, Ov. ; Circe, Hor. II. Fig.,
fama, glittering, Hor.
vitricus -i, m. a stepfather, Cic.
vitrum -i, li- I. glass ; merces in chartis et
linteis et vitro delatae, Cic. II. woad, a plant
producing a blue dye, Caes.
Vitruvms -li, ni., M. Vitruvius Pollio, of
Verona, whose work, De Architectura Libri X,
composed probably about 14 B.C., we still possess.
vitta -ae, f. a ribbon, band, fdlct ; 1, as a
binding for the head ; a, for sacrificial victims,
Verg. ; b, of priests and priestesses, Verg. ; c,
of free-born women, Ov. ; 2, a band round the
altar, Verg. ; 3, the fillets round the brandies
carried by supplicants, Verg.
vittatus -a -um (vitta), decorated with a fillet;
capilli, Ov.
Vltula -ae, f. (vitulus), a calf, heifer, Verg.
vitulinus -a -um (vitulus), of or relating 10
a calf; caruncula, Cic. ; assum, roast veal, Cic
Subst, vitulina -ae, f. veal, Plaut.
vitiilor, 1. dep. to celebrate a festival, be joy-
ful, Plaut.
vitulus -i, m. (iraXos). I. a buUrcalf, Cic.
XI. Applied to tlie young of other animals, e.g.,
of a horse, Verg. ; vitulus marinus, or simply
vitulus, a sea-cay; Pliu.
v.tuyerabllis -e (vitupero), blamable,
Cic
vituperatio -5nis, f. (vitupero), a blaming<
scolding, vituperation; in vituperationem venire,
or adduci, or cadere, or subire vituperationem,
Cic. ; meton., that which i3 blamable, blamable
conduct, Cic
vitiiperator -oris, m. (vitupero), a blamer,
vituperator ; mei, Cic. ; philosophiae, Cic. v
vitupero, 1. (vitium and paro), to blame,
scold, censure, vituperate; consilium, Cic. ; ali-
quem, Cic
vivacitas -atis, f. (vivax), length of life, lon-
gevity, Pliu.
vivarium -li, n. (vivus), a place where living
animals are kept, a park, warren, preserve, a fish-
pond, Pliu.; fig., excipiant senes, quos in vivaria
mittant, allure by presents, Hor.
VivatUS -a -um (vivus), lively, vivid, Lucr.
vivax -acis (vivo). I. a, long-lived; phoenix,
Ov. ; b, lasting, enduring ; oliva, Verg. II. a,
lively, vigorous; sulfura, inflammable, Ov. ; b,
brisk, vivacious, Quint.
viverra -ae, f. a ferret, Plin. '
yivesco (vivisco), vixi, 3. (vivo). I. to
begin to live, Plin. II.
to be lively, vigorous,
Lucr.
vividus -a -um (vivo). I. showing signs of
life, animated : a, lit., gemma, Ov. ; b. transf., of
pictures and statues, life-like, true to life; signa,
Prop. II. full of life, lively, vigorous ; senectus,
Tac. ; virtus, Verg.
viviradix -Icis, f. (vivus and radix), a cutting
which has a root, a layer, Cic.
vivisco = vivesco (q.v.).
vivo, vixi, victum, 3. (j3iou>), to live, be alive.
I. Lit, A. Gen., a, of persons, ad sumniam
senectutem, Cic; annum, a year, Ov. ; with
cognate ace, viUni tutiorem, Cic ; vivere de
lucro, to owe one's life to tlie favour of anotlier,
Cic. ; si vivo, or si vivam, if I live (in threats),
Ter. ; ita vivam, as true as I live, Cic; ne vivam,
may I die if, etc., Cic. ; b, transf., (a) of
plants, to live, vivit vitis, Cic; (j3) of fire, in
bum ; cinis vivet, Ov. B. 1, to live = to enjoy
life; vivamus, mea Lesbia, Cat; quaudo viv-
emus, have leisure, Cic. ; so vive, vivite, in
saying good-bye, farewell, Hor., Verg. ; 2, to
last, continue ; vivunt scripta, Ov. ; eius mihi
vivit auctoritas, Cic. II. Meton., 1,' a, to lire
on anything; lacte ata.ua pecore, Caes. ; b, to
pass one's life, live; vivere cumtimore, Cic. ; in
litteris, Cic ; in paupertate, Cic ; with double
nom., vivo miserrimus, Cic. ; 2, to live with
some one or at some place; a, to live, to find one-
self, ta stay; vixit Syracusis, Cic; b, to live
with some one, to live in the company of; cum
aliquo valde familiariter, Cic.
vivus -a -um (vivo), alive, living. I. Adj.,
A. Lit., aliquem vivum capere, Liv.; patrem
et filium vivos comburere, Cic. ; frangetis im-
petum vivi, while he is alive, Cic. B. Transf.,
1, living, belonging to a living person ; vox, Cic. ;
calor, Ov. ; 2, seeming to live, true to life, life-
like; vivos ducent de marmore vultus, Verg. ;
3, of plants, living; arundo, Ov. ; 4, living,
looting, natural, lively; flumen, running water,
Verg., Liv. ; lucerna, burning, Hor. ; roz,_fresk,
Ov. ; sulfur, natural, Liv. II. Subst. , vivum
-i n. that which is alive, the flesh with life ana
feeling; calor ad vivum adveniens, Liv. ; r.eque
id ad vivum reseco, cut to thj quick, i.e., not take
ii intoo literal a sense, Cic ; de vivo detrahere
(resecare), to take away from the capital, Cic.
VIX
624
vol
Vix, adv. (connected with vis, as Gr. noyis
With fioyo<;, thus orig. with effort). I. Gen.,
with effort, scarcely; vix teneorquin accurram,
Cic. II. Esp. a, with quum or (poet.) et, and
(poet.) without quuin, sairccii/ . . . when ; vix
erathoc plane iinperatuni, quum ilium spoliatuin
stipatumque lictoribus vidercs, Cic. ; vix in-
opfna quies laxaverat artus, et, etc., Verg. ;
b, without quum or et, vix proram attigerat,
rumpit Saturnia funein, Verg. ; c, strengthened
with dura, gen., vixdnm (in one word), hardly,
yet; vixdum coetu nostra dimisso, Cic; d,
strengthened by tandem, only just ; vix tandem
legi literas, Ci"
vixdum, v. vix, II. c.
vocabulum -i, n. (voco), the name, appella-
tion of anything, L Lit. , a, res suum nomen
et proprium vocabulum non habet, Cic. ; b. a
name peculiar to any person or thing ; cui(oppiuo)
uomen inditum e vocabulo ipslus, Tac. ; c,
grammat. t.t., a noun substantive, V'arr. II. a
pretext, Tac.
VOCalis -e (vox), uttering sounds, vocal, re-
sounding, singing. I. Adj., carmen, Ov. ; Or-
pheus, Hor. ; ue quern vocalem praeterisse vide-
amur, any one with a good voice, Cic. II. Subst.,
VOCalis -is, f. (se littera), a vowel, Cic.
vocalitas -atis, f. (vocalis), harmony, eu-
phony, Quint.
vocamoii -inis, n. (voco), a name, appellation,
Lucr.
Vocates -lum, in. o people in Aquitanian
Gaul, now Baiadois.
vocatio -onis, f. (voco), 1, a summoning
before a court of law, Varr. ; 2, <:n invitation to
dinner, Cat.
vocator -Oris, in. (voco), an inviter, PKn.
vdcatus -fis, ni. (voco). I. a calling, sum-
moning, invocation; plur., vocatus mei, Verg.
II. an inviting, invitation, e.g., to a sitting of
the senate, Cic.
voclferatio -onis, f. (vociferor), a loud
shouting, vociferation, Cic.
VCClferatUS -us, m. = vociferatio (q.v.).
vocifero, 1. «= vociferor; pass, impers.,
vociferatum fortiter, Liv.
vociferor, 1. dep. (vox and fern), to cry
loudly, shout, vociferate; palam, Cic. ; tnlia, Verg. ;
with ace. and infin., quod vociferabare decern
miliatalentum Gabinio essepromissa, Cic. ;with
interrog. sent., vociferari Decius, quo fugerent,
Liv. ; with de and the abl., de superbia patrum,
Liv.
VOClflCO, I. (vox and facio), to shout aloud,
Van-.
VOClto, 1. (intens. of voco). I. to be n, cus-
tomed to name, to be wont to call; has Graeci
Stellas Hyadas vocitare suerunt, Cic. II. to
shout loudly, Tac.
VOCO, 1. (vox), to call, summon. I. Lit., A.
Gen., 1, Dumnorigem ad se, Caes. ; aliquem in
contionem, Cic. ; 2, to call upon, invoke; deos,
Hor. B. Esp.,1, to summon before a cowt of
law; aliquem in. jus, Cic. ; 2, to invite, to dinner,
etc. ; ad cenam, Cic. ; 3, to call forth, to provoke;
hostem, Verg., Tac. ; 4. to rail, name, designate;
aliquid alio nomine, Cic. ; patrioque vooat de
nomine mensem, Ov. II. Transf., to bring,
put, place in any state or condition ; ne me apud
inilites in invidiam voces, Cic. ; ad calculos
amicitiam, Cic. ; in dubium, to call in question,
Cic. ; aliquem in partem, Cic.
Vocontii -orum, m. a people in Gallia Nar-
bonensis, on the left bank of the Rhone.
vdoula -ae, f. (dim. of vox). I. a low, weak
voice, Cic. II, Transf., 1, a low tone in singing
or speaking; falsae voculae, Cic. ; 2, contemptu-
ously, a little petty speech ; incurrere in voculas
inalevoloram, Cic. ; u petty speech, Cic.
VOla -ae, f. the hollow of the liand or foot, Flin.
volaema, v. volemum.
Volaterrae -arum f. an old town in Etruria,
now Volterro. Hence, Volaterranus -a -urn,
of Volaterrae; Vada, a port in the district of
Volaierrae, now Torre di Vado; plur. subst.,
Volaterrani -orum, in. the inhabitants of
Volaterrae.
volaticus -a -urn (2. volo). I. having wings,
winged; a,, flying, I'laut. ; b, flying here and
there; illius furentes ac volatici impetus, Cic.
II. Fig., ileeting, flighty, inconstant; Academia,
Cic.
vdlatilis -e (2. volo). J. having wings,
winged; bestiae, Cic; puer, Cupid, Ov. II.
Transf., 1, swift, rapid; ferritin, Verg. ; 2,
fleeting, transitory ; aetas, Ov.
volatura -ae, f. (2. volo), a flight, Varr.
volatus -us, m. (2. volo), a flying, flight, Cic.
Volcae -firum, m. a people in Gallia Karbon-
ensis.
volemum pirum, gen. plur., volema pira,
a kind of pears, large enough to lill the hollow
of the hand (vola), Verg.
volens -entis, p. adj. (from 1. volo). I.
willing, voluntary, Sail., Verg. II. favourable,
inclined to, Liv., Sail. ; dis volentibus, by the
help of the gods, Sail. ; volentia alicui, favourable
tidings or events, Sail.
volgiolus -i, m. a garderi tool for smoothing
beds, Flin.
volgo, volgus = vulgo, vulgus (q.v.).
volito, 1. (intens. of volo). I. to fly about,
to fly to and fro, to flit, to flutter. A. Lit., a, of
birds, Cic, Liv.; b, of things, hie aliae (stellae)
volitant, Cic. B. Fig., to fly round ; a, of the
soul, Cic ; b, of men with immoderate wishes,
to soar ; homo volitans gloriae cupiditate, Cic.
II, Transf., to fly round about, hasten about; 1,
lit., cum gladiis toto foro, Cic. ; 2, tig., to show
oneself or itself; quum ilia eonjuratio palam
volitaret, Cic.
volnero = vulnero (q.v.).
1. volo, volui, voile (root VOL, Gr. BOA,
whence povAo/iai), >o be willing, to wish. I.
Gen., 1, a, with ace. and infin., volui id quidein
emcere, Cic. ; volo scire, velini scire, / should
like to knov:, Cic; b, with ace and infin., ju-
dicem me esse, non doctorem volo, Cic; c,
with nom. and infin., Ov. ; d, with neut. ace,
faciam, quod vnltis, Cic; mini quid vellet, Liv.,
6, with ut and the subj., volo, uti respondeas,
Cic. ; f, with the subj. alone, visuc hoc primura
videainus ? Cic ; g, absol., velitnolit scire diffi-
cile est, whither he wishes or does not, Cic; si vis,
anil contracted sis, sultis, parenthet., refer anim-
uni, sis, ad verit item, Cic; 2, velle aliquem, to
wish tn sj'eak v.ith ; centuriones tiium cohoitium
me velle postridie, Cic; 3, bene (male) alicui,
to wish well or ill to, Plant.; 4, aliquid alicnius
causa, to wish something good, to some one ; valde
eius causa volo, Cic; 5, quid sibi viilt (res),
what is the meaning of; quid ergo illae sibi
Btatuae equestres inauratae volunt, Cic. II. 1,
Polit. t. t., to will, ch.oose, ordain ; luajores de
singulis lnagistratiluis bis vos sententiam ferre
voluerunt, Cic; 2, to think, be of opinion, mean;
vultis omnia evenire fato, Cic. ; 3, foil, by quam
(like Gr. £uuAn/nne rj, to prefer), malae rei se
quamnnllius, tnrbarum ac seditionuin duces esse
volunt, Liv. (contr., vin = visne, sis = si vis,
sultis = si vultis).
vol
625
vol
2. volo, 1. to fly. I. Lit., Cic. ; partic. subst.,
volantes -ium, f. '(so. bestiac), Hying creatures,
birds, Verg. IL Transf., to move rapidly, to fly ;
currus, Verg. ; fulmina, Lucr. ; aetas, Cic.
•'!. VOlo -finis, m. (1. volo), a volunteer ; plur.,
volones, the slaves who were bought at the public
expense to serve as soldiers after the battle of
Cannae, each of than being asked " vellctne mili-
tary, " Liv.
Volsci (Vulsci) -drum, m. a people in
J.atiinn, on both banks of the Liris, in modem
Cainpagna di Ruina and Terra di Lavoro. Hence,
Volscus -a -uni, Volscian.
volsella -ae, f. a pair of tweezers or pincers,
Mart.
Volsinii (Vulsimi) -drum, m. a town in
Ktruria, now Bolsena. Hence, Volslnlensis
-e, Volsinian; plur. subst., Volsinienses
-Ium, m. the Volsinians.
volsus -a -uni, v. vello.
Voltinius-a-um, Voltinian; tribus,aiJo»w?i
tribe. Hence, Voltinienses -Ium, m. citizens
of the Vultiuian tribe.
Voltumna -ae, f. the goddess of the twelve
allied Etruscan states.
VOltur — vultur (q.v.).
Volturnus = Vulturnus (q.v.).
VOltUS — vultus (q.v.).
Volubilis -e (volvo), rolling, revolving, turn-
ing round, twisting round. I. Lit., buxum, a
top, Verg. ; caelum, Cic. II. Fig., a, of for-
tune, changeable, inconstant; fortuna, Cic; b,
of discourse, rapid, fluent ; Appii Claudii volu-
bilis erat oratio, Cic.
VOlubilitas -at is. f. (volubilis), revolving
■motion, revolution. I. Lit., mundi, Cic. II.
Fig., a, vicissitude, inconstancy; fortunae, Cic;
b, flow of discourse, fluency; vcrborum, Cic;
linguae, Cic.
vdlubiliter, adv. (volubilis), fl-jently ; fun-
ditur nunierose et volubiliter oratio, Cic.
volucer, vtflucris, volucre (2. volo), flying,
winged. I. A. Lit, 1, adj., angues, Cic. ; deus
or puer, Cupid, Ov. ; bestiae volucres, birds,
Cic; 2, subst, volucris -is, f. (sc. bestia),
a bird, Cic. B. Transf., applied to an object
in rapid motion, swift; lumen, Lucr.: fumi,
Verg.; sagitta, Verg.; nnntius, Cic. II. Fig.,
1, gen., quick, fleet ; nihil est tarn volucre quam
inaledictuin,Cic. ; 2, fleeting, transitory; fortuna,
Cic (genit. plur., gen. volucrum).
volucra -ae, f. and volucre -is, n. (volvo),
a cider pillar found on vine-leaves, Plin.
volucris -is, f., v. volucer.
vdlumen -Inis, n. (volvo), anything rolled
up. I. 1, a book, roll, writing; volumen plenum
querelae, Cic. ; plur., volumina selectarum epis-
tolarum, Cic. ; 2, esp., a part of a larger work,
(i_ book, Nep. ; mutatae ter quinque volumina
fiirmae, the fifteen books of the Metamorphoses,
Ov. II. a roll, wreath, whirl, fold; anguis
sinuat immensa volumine terga, Verg.
voluntarius -a -urn (voluntas), voluntary.
A. Subject, a person who does something of his
own accord; procurator, Cic. ; auxilia sociorum,
Cic.; inilites, volunteers, Caes. ; plur. subst.,
voluntarii -orum, m. volunteers, Caes. B.
Object., that which happens of one's own free
will ; mors, suicide, Cic. ; deditio, Liv.
voluntas -atis, f. (1. volo), will, wish, in-
clination. I. Lit, A. Gen., 1, me conformo ad
eius voluntatem, Cic. ; 2, free will; ego volunt-
atein tibi profecto emetiar, Cic; voluntate, of
one's own free will ; mea voluntate concedam,
willingly, Cic; 3, good disposition ; confisus
municipiorum voluntatibus, Caes. ; 4, desire,
wish; anibitiosis voluntatibus cedere, Cic; 5,
aim, purpose : banc nieutem voluntatetnque sus-
cepi, Cic. B. 1, inclination, wishing well to;
iiiutua, Cic; 2, a lust will, testament ; testamenta
et voluntas uiuituorum, Cic II. Transf., mean-
ing, sense, signification of words, Quint.
volup, adv. (shortened from volupe, from
1. volo), agreeably, delightfully, pleasantly, Plaut.
voluptabilis -e (voluptas), giving pleasure,
pleasant, Plaut.
volup tarius -a -uni (voluptas), rehUing to
pleasure, esp., to sensual pleasure. I. Act., a,
causing pleasure ; possessiones, simply for pleas-
ure, Cic; b, relating to pleasure ; disputatio,
Cic. II. Pass., a, devoted or given to pleasure,
sensual ; esp. of the Epicureans as opp. to the
oioics, homo (of Epicurus), Cic. ; b, capable of
pleasure ; gustatus est sensus ex omnibus max-
iine voluptarius, Cic.
voluptas -atis, f. (volup), pleasure, delight,
in a good or bad sense. I. Lit., voluptate capi,
Cic. ; alicui voluptati esse, Cic. ; voluptatibus
frui, Cic ; in a bad sense, voluptates corporis,
sensual pleasures, Cic; voluptate liquescere, Cic.
II. Meton., 1, voluptates, public shows, Cic. ;
2, of persons, as a term of endearment, care
puer, mea sera et sola voluptas, Verg. ; (genit.
plur., gen. voluptatum, but also voluptatium).
voluptuosus -a -urn (voluptas), full of
pleasure, delightful, Quint.
volutabrum -i, n. (voluto), a place when
pigs roll, slough, Verg.
volutabundus -a -inn (voluto), rolling,
wallowing ; in voluptatibus, Cic.
vdlutatio -onis, f. (voluto). I. a rolling
about, wallowing, Cic. II. Fig., 1, disquiet:
animi, Sen.; 2, vicissitude, inconstancy; rerum
humanarum, Sen.
volvi tatus -us, m. (voluto), a wallowing,
Plin.
voluto, 1. (intens. of volvo), to roll round,
tumble about. I. Lit, se in pulvere, Plin. ; ne
fluxa habenS volutetur in jactu glans, Liv. ;
partic, volutans, reflex., rolling oneself; volu-
tans p»dihus,?, , :;-OH;w!{7 himself at the feet of, etc,
Verg. II. fig., l f gen., middle, volutari, to
roll, i.e., to be in; in omni genere flagitiorum,
Cic. , 2, esp., a, to spread abroad, give forth;
voceni per atria, Verg. ; vocem volutant littora,
echo back, Verg.; b, to turn over in the mind,
revolve, consider; conditiones cum amicis, Liv. ;
nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinuin
animo Cic ; c, to busy, occupy ; animuin ? aeno
iis tacitis cogitationibus, Liv. ; in veleribue
scriptis studiose et niultum volutatum esse,
Cic.
volva -ae, f. (volvo). I. a covering, husk,
shell, Plin. II. the womb, esp., a souSs womb, a
favourite delicacy among the Romans, Hor.
volvo, volvi, volutum, 3. to roll, revolve, turn
round, twist round. I. Lit, A. Gen., a, of
living beings, molein, Verg. ; oculos hue illuc,
Verg.; pass., volvi, as middle, to roll; curru,
from a chariot, Verg. ; esp., to roll to the ground,
of those fallen in battle, humi, arvis, Verg.; b,
of things, such as rivers, saxa glareosa, Liv.; of
the wind, ignem ad fastigia summa, Verg. ;
reflex., se volvere, or simply volvere, or middle,
volvi, to roll round, eddy, turn round; ii qui
volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni, Cic. ; of
tears, lacriinae volvuntur inanes, Verg. B. Esp.,
1, to unroll a roll, to read; libros Catonis, Cic. ;
2, to roll along, roll away ; flnmen pecus et
domos volvens un5, Hor. ; 3, meton., orbem, to
form a circle (of men). Liv. II. Fig., A. Gen..
voni
02(3
vul
a, of orators whose words flow without stop-
ping, celcritor verba, Cic. ; b, of time, to make
to roll round; pronos volvere menses (of the
moon-goddess), llor. ; tot casus = to experience,
Verg. ; middle, of time or of events, to roll
round; ut idem in singulos aunos ovbis volver-
etnr, Liv. ; partic. volvens, reitex., rolling
round; volvens annus, Ov. ; volventibus ami is,
in the course of years, Verg.; c, to fix or determine
fate ; volvit vices (of Jupiter), Verg. ; sic volvere
Parcas, Verg. B. Esp., 1, a, to toss about in
the mind, to have, entertain; ingentes jam din
iras emu in pectore volvere, Liv. ; b, to busy
oneself with a thought, reflect on, consider, ponder
over; bellum in animo, Liv.; 2, =revolvere, to
, go over again ; veterum mouumenta virorum,
Verg.
vomer -eris, m. a ploughshare, Cic.
vomica -ae, f. an ulcer, sore, boil. I. Lit.,
Cic. II. Fig., a plague, curse (of men), ap.
Liv.^
vomls -eris, m. = vomer (q.v.).
YomitlO -onis, f. (vomo). I. a vomiting,
throwing up ; vomitione alvos curare, Cic. II.
Meton., that which is thrown up, a vomit, Plin.
vdmlto, 1. (intens. of vomo), to vomit, Sen.
vomitor -oris, in. (vomo), one who vomits,
Sen.
vomitorius -a -um (vomitor), provoking
vomiting, Plin.
vomitus -us, m. (vomo). I. a vomiting, Plin.
II. Meton., that which is vomited, a vomit,
Plin.
vomo -iii -ituin, I. (connected with eue'iu).
I. Intransit., to vomit, Cic. II. Transit., to
vomit forth, throw up, give forth; aniniam, Verg.;
flammas, Verg. ; pass, impcrs., ab hora tertia
bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur, Cic.
voracitas -itis, f. (vorax), voracity, glut-
tony, Plin.
voraginosus -a -um (vomgo), full of chasms,
pits, Auct. b. Hisp.
vorago -Inis, f. (voro), a pit, chasm, abyss.
I. Lit., in the earth, Liv. ; in water, an abys3,
eddy, gulf, whirlpool; summersus equus vorag-
iuilms, Cic. II. Transf., veiitriS. Ov. f" surges
et vorago patrimonii, spendthrift, Cic.
vorax -acis (voro), gluttonous, voracious;
Charybdis, Cic. ; ignis voracior, Ov.
voro, 1. (connected with /3po<o, whence
SiBp'ocKu) and Pood), to eat greedily, swallow
whole, devour, consume. I. Lit., Cic. II. Transf.,
A. Gen., to devour, suck in ; Charybdis vorat
carinas, Ov. ; illam (puppim = navem) rapidus
vorat aequore' vortex, Verg. B. Esp., 1, of pro-
perty, to squander, dissipate, Plin. ; 2, to read
eagerly, devour ; litteras, literature, Cic.
vors ... v. vers . . .
vort ... v. vert . . .
vos, ye, v. tu.
votlVUS -a -um (votum), of or relating to a
vow, votive, vowed ; ludi, Cic. ; juvenca, Hor.
votum -i, n. (voveo). I. a vow. A. Gen.,
1, lit., vota debere diis, Cic; vota nuncupare or
suscipere or concipere, Cic. ; vota facere, Cic. ;
2, meton., a, a prayer, Ov.; b, that which is
voiced; spolia hostium, Vulcano votum, Liv.
B. Esp., the vows made on the 3rd of January
every year by the chief magistrates for the good
health of Vm emperor, Tae. II. a wish, desire;
vota facere, to wish, Cic. ; hoc erat in votis, this
was what I wished, Hor. ; voti potens, having
gained his wish, Ov.
voveo, vovi, v6tum, 2. I. to vow, promise to
u ij<"i; deciunaiu Herculi, Cic; acdem, Liv.;
witli fut. infin., vovisse dicitur uvam se deo
daturum, Cic. II. towish; elige.quid voveas.Ov.
vox, vocis, f. (root VOC, perhaps connected
with o\p), the voice of a person speaking, cull-
ing, or singing. I. Lit., 1, vocis eontentio
et remissio, Cic; vocem attenuare, to make one's
voice like a woman's, Cic; of the cry of animals,
bourn, Verg.; 2, = pronunciation ; rustica vox
et agrestis quosdam delectat, Cic II. Meton.,
A. sound, tone, of the voice or of a musical
instrument, vocum gravitate et cantibus pelli
vehementius, Cic. ; septem discrimina vocum =
the lyre with seven strings, Verg. B. a word,
utterance, discourse; a, haecte voxunn perculit?
Cic. ; carpi nostrorum militum vocibus, Caes. ;
b, a command ; consuluin voci atque imperio
non oboedire, Cic; c, a formula, decision, sen-
tence; extremi ac ditricillimi temporis vocem
illam consulem mittere coegistis, Cic. ; d, a
formula, a magic incantation; voces Marsae,
Hor. C. = sernio, language ; Graja scierit sive
Latina voce loqui, Cic. D. accent, tone; iu
omni verbo posuit acutam vocem, Cic.
Vulcanus (Volcanus) -i, m. (root VULC,
VOLC=FULC, lit. the shining one), Vulcan,
the god of fire, son of Jupiter and Juno, husband
of Venus, who made the weapons, thunder-bolts,
etc., of the gods, Cic; insula Vulcani ('H</>atoTou
l'rjaos), the island of Vulcan, the most southern of
the Lipari islands, now Vulcanello ; plur., insulae
Vulcani, the Lipari islands; appell., fire ; Vul-
canum navibus etflant, Ov. Hence, A. Vul-
canius -a -um, Vulcanian ; acies, fire., Verg.;
Lemnos, sacred, to Vulcan, Ov. ; Vulcaniis annis,
with irresistible weapons, Cic B. Vulcanalis
-e, belonging to Vulcan; subst., Vuleanalia
•drum, n. the annual festival of Vulcan, on the
23rd of August.
vulgaris -e (vulgus), common, ordinary,
usual, vulgar; hominum consuetndo, Cic; opin-
io, Cic. ; subst., vulgaria -lum, n. that which
is.common ; anteponantur rani vulgaribus, Cic.
vulgariter, adv. (vulgaris), commonly, vul-
garly, Plin.
vulgatus -a -um, p. adj. (from 1. vulgo). I.
common, prostituted, Liv. II. Esp., generally
known, well known; vulgatior fama est, with
ace and infin., Liv.
vulgivagus -a -um (vulgus and vagor),
wandering, vagrant, Lucr.
1. vulgo (volgo), 1. (vulgus), to make com-
mon to all, to communicate, make accessible to all.
I. a, quum consulatum vulgari viderent, Liv.;
munus vulgatnm ab civibus esse in socios, Liv.;
quae navis in rlumine publico tarn vulgata om-
nibus quam istius aetas, Cic; b, to communicate
a disease ; vulgati contactu hi homines morbi,
Liv. ; c, to publish a book; carmina, Tac. IL
to spread abroad by discourse, to divulge, make
generally known; famam interfecti regis, Liv.
2. vulgo (volgo), adv. (lit. abl. of vulgus),
commonly, generally, before the public, in public,
openly ; vulgo totis castris testamenta obsigna-
bantur, Caes. ; quas (litteras) vulgo ad te mitto,
Cic.
vulgus (volgUS) -i, n., rarely m., the
people — the great multitude, the public. I.
Gen., A. Lit., a, in the town; non est con-
silium in vulgo, non ratio,- etc, Cic ; discip-
liuam in valgum efferre, Cic. ; b, in the army,
vulgus militum, armatorum, Liv. B. Transt.,
the people — a mass, crowd; vulgus incautnm
ovium, Hor. II. In a bad sense, the croc..', >• ■
mob. A. Lit,, sapientis judicium a judic-io
vulgi discrepat, Cic; odi profanum vulgus, Hor.
B. Transf., the mass, the ordino.ry run; patron,
onun, Cic.
vul
627
Zam
vulnerarius (volnerarius) -a -um (vul-
lius), of or relating to wounds, Plin. ; subst,
vulnerarius -ii, m. a surgeon, Pliu.
vulneratio -onis, f. (vuluero), wounding,
Cic. ; fig., major haeo est vitae, fainae, salutis
suae vulneratio, Cic.
vulnero (volnero), 1. (vulnus), to wound,
injure. I. Lit., aliquein, Cic. ; corpus, Cic.
II. Fig., to wound, injure, harm, assail; eos
nondum voce vulnero, Cic.
vulnificus (volnificus) -a -um (vulnus
and facio), inflicting wounds; telum, Ov. ;
chalybs, Verg.
vulnus (volnus) -fens, n. a wound. I. A.
Lit., a, of living beings, vulnus iuferre, Caes. ;
infligere, Cic. ; vulnus accipere, excipere, Cic. ;
moil ex vulnere, Liv. ; b, poet., ti"ansf., of in-
juries to things, falcis, Ov. ; ornus vulneribus
cvicta, Verg. B. Fig., wound = injury, disease,
damage, loss ; vulnera reipublicaeiinponere, Cic;
poet., wounds to the feelings, esp., from love;
vulnus alit venis, Verg. II. Meton., 1, a blow ;
mortifero vulnere ictus, Liv. ; 2, the instrument
or weapon which causes the blow; liaesit sub
gutture vulnus, Verg.
vulpecula -ae, f. (dim. of vulpes), a little
fox, Cic.
vulpes (volpes) -is, f. (iAiomjf), « fox. I.
Lit., Hor. ; pro v., vulpes jungere, of something
impossible, Verg. ; the fox as an emblem of
cunning, slyness ; animi sub vulpe latentes,
Hor. II. Transf., vulpes marina, a kind of
shark, Plin.
vulpinus -a -um (vulpes), of or relating to a
fox, vulpine, Plin.
Vulsci = Volsci (q.v.).
vulsura -ae, f. (vello), a plucking, pulling,
Vurr.
vulsus -a -um, p. adj. (from vello), having
the hairs plucked out, smooth, effeminate, Plaut.,
Mart.
vulticulus -i, ID. (dim. of vultus), the coun-
tenance, look, aspect; nou te Bruti nostri vul-
ticulus ab ista oratione deterret? Cic.
vultuosus -a -um (vultus), making faces,
grimacing, full of airs, affected, Cic.
1. VUltur (voltur) -uris, in. a vulture, Liv.,
Verg. ; applied to a rapacious man, Sen.
2. Vultur (Voltur) -uris, in. a mountain
in Apulia, now Voltore.
vulturinus (volturmus) -a -um (vultur),
of or relating to a vulture, Plin.
vultiirius (voltiirius) -i, in. a vulture. X.
.Lit., Liv. II. Transf., A. a rapacious man,
Cic. B. an unlucky throw at dice, Plaut.
Vulturnum (Volturnum) -i, n. a town
in Campania on the river Volturnus, now Casttl
Voltur no, Liv.
1. Vulturnus (Volturnus) -i, m. a river
in Campania, now Volturno.
2. vulturnus (volturnus) -i, m. (2. Vul-
tur), with or without veutus, a wind named
after the mountain Vultur, a south-east wind,
Liv.
vultus (voltus) -as, m. the countenance,
expression, of the face, the look, mien, aspect. I.
Lit., a, Gen., hilaris atque laetus, Cic; plur.,
vultus ficti simulatique, Cic; vultus avortite
vestros, Cic ; b, ernphat., a scornful, angry
look ; vultus instantis tyranni, Hnr. II, Transf.,
the face; 1, lit., a, cadere in vultus, Ov. ; b, a
portrait, Plin.; 2, meton., look, appearance;
salis (of the sea), Verg. ; naturae, Ov,
X.
"Y" x, the twenty-first letter of the Latin
_^\j alphabet, corresponds with the Greek
H, f. It arises out of the combination of o
and s (dico, dixi), g and s (lego, lexi).
Xanthippe -es, f. {ZavSiirTrn), the shrewish
wife of Socrates.
Xanthippus -i, in. (Hdi/fliiriros). I. father
of Pericles, conqueror over the Persians at Mycale.
II. a general of the Lacedaemonians in. the First
Punic War, who took Regulus prisoner.
Xanthus (-6s) -i, m. (Hdrflo?). I. = Sca-
mander. II. a river in Lycia. III. a river in
Epirus.
xenium -ii, n. (feV«x>), a present given to a
guest, Plin. ; in general, a gift, present, Plin.
Xeno -onis, m. (Eivwv), an Epicurean philo-
sopher of Athens.
Xenoorates -is, m. (Hei>oKpdTTjs), a philo-
sopher of Chalcedon, pupil of Plato, the head of
the Academy after the death of Speusippus.
Xenophanes -is, m. (=.tvo<t>dvr)s), a cele-
brated Greek philosopher of Colophon, founder of
the Eleatic school.
Xenophon-ontis, m. (S.(vo<i>o>v),an Athenian,
pupil of Socrates, a distinguished historian, and
general. Hence, Xenophonteus (-tius)
-a -uin, of or belonging to Xenophon.
xerampelinae -arum, f. (^pofiire'Xn'ai),
dark-red garments, Juv.
Xerxes -is, in. (He>|>)9), the king of the
Persians who invaded Greece and was defeated at
Salamis.
xiphias -ae, m. (fupias). I. a sword-fish,
Plin. II. a sword-shaped comet, Plin.
xiphion -li, n. (fKpi'ov), a sword-flag, Plin.
xylobalsamum -i, n. (fuA.o/JdAaa^oi'),
wood of the balsam-tree, Plin.
xyTocinnamomum -i, n. (frkoxivvanw-
nov), the wood of the cinnamon plant, Plin.
xylon -i, u (fuAoe), the cotton-tree, Plin.
Xyniae -arum, f. (Evu'a), a town in Thessaly,
on the lake Xynias.
xyris -Idis, f. (fvpi's). the wild iris, Plin.
xystus -i, in. (£u<tt6s), and xystum -i, >\ ait
open colonnade, a walk planted with trees, a pro-
menade, Cic
Y
y, a letter borrowed from the Greek in
, order to represent the Greek upsilon (Y).
x
z.
Zz, represents the Greek zeta (Z, <£), and ia
, only used in foreign words.
Zacynthus (-6s) -i, f. (Zd*ui/0os), an island
in the Ionian Sea, now Zante.
Zaleucns (ZdAewcos), a celebrated lawgiver of
the Locrians in Italy, living about 650 b.c.
Zama -ae, f. (Zd/xa), a town in Numidia,
scent of the victory ofSvipio over lianniiui.
zam
628
zyt
zamla -ac, f. (£wu'a), damage, injury, loss,
Plaut.
Zanole -§8, f. (ZayxAi)), old name of the town
Messana (now Messina) in Italy, so called from
its sickle-like form. Hence, adj., A. Zan-
claeus -a -uin, of or relating to Zanele. B.
Zancleius -a •am, of Zanele.
zSa -ae, f. «e'a), a kind of spelt, Plin.
zeldtypia -ae, f. (<frAoTviria), jealousy, Cic.
zelotypus -a -11111 (ojAotuttos), jealous, Juv.
Zeno (-on) -Onis, 111. (Zqcwv). I. o Greek
philosopher of Citinm in Cyprus, founder of the
Stoic School. II. a Greek philosopher of the
Elentic School, teacher of Pericles. III. a later
Greek philosopher of the Epicurean School, teacher
of Cicero and Atticu*.
Zenobia -ae, f. I. daughter of Mithridates,
king of Armenia. II. wife of Odcnnthus, king of
Palmyra, which she ruled after her husband's death ;
conquered by the Emperor Aurelian.
Zeptayrlum -li, 11. (Ze^iipioi'), fort on the
coast ofCilicia.
zephyrus -i, m. (£«'<pi'po*), a warm west
wind, zephyr, Hor. ; pott.— wind, \ erg.
Zerynthus -i, f. (Zijpwflos), a town in
Thracia, near Aenos. Hence, Zerynthius -a
-urn, y.erynthian.
Zetes -ae, 111. (Zijttj?), the brother of Calais,
son nf Boreas, one of the Argonauts.
Zethus -i, 111. (Z>j0os). son of Jupiter, brother
of Amphion.
zeugltes -ae, 111. (£evyiTTjO, a kind of reed,
Plin.
zeus -i, 111. (£<uos), a, fish, the dory, Plin.
Zeuxis -Wis, 111. (ZeOfts), a celebrated Greek
vaiuter.
zingiber -eris, n. ({iyyCp*pis), and zlngl-
beri, 11. indecl. ginger, Plin.
Ziziphum -i, 11. (£i£v<bov), the jujube, Plin.
Ziziphus -i, f. the jujube-tree., Plin.
zm ... v. sin . . .
zodiaous -i, ni. (c,«5iaKos), the zodiac, Cic.
poet.
Zoilus -i, 111. (ZwiAos), a severe critic of
Homer ; appell., a petty critic, Ov.
zona -ae, f. (<,wn)>, a girdle. I. Lit, a, a
maiden's girdle, Cat. ; b, a girdle or money-belt,
Liv. II, Transf., 1, the three stars called Orion's
Belt, Ov. ; 2, zonae, terrestrial zones, Verg.,
Ov.
zonarius -a -um (zuna), of or relating to a
girdle, Plaut. ; subst., zdnariUS -ii, m. a
girdle-maker, Cic.
zonula -ae, f. (dim. of zona) re little girdle,
Cat.
zoophthalmos -i, f. and zoophthalmon
-i, 11. (fw6^0a>/j.os), the great houseleek, Plin.
ZOpiSSa -ae, f. (^uima-cra), pitch mixed with
wax, which was scraped off ships, Plin.
1. ZOSter -eris, 111. (^uiarrip), a cutaneous erup-
tion, the. shingles, Plin.
2. Zoster -eris, ill. (Zcocmjp), a, promontory
in Attica.
zotheca -ae, f. (£ioS>jic>)), re primte ccbinet,
Plin.
zothecula -ae, f. (dim. of zotheca), a small
private cabinet, Plin.
zygia -ae, f. (£uyi'a), a tree, Vie horn-bean,
Plin.
zythum -i. n. (^uflot), re kind of Egyptian
ina.ll liquor, Plin.
ENGLISH-LATIN.
English-Latin Dictionary.
a
an, adj. not translated ; — day, — month,
, singiilis diebus, mensibus; to — man, ad
abaft, aft, adv. a puppi, a tergo.
abandon, v.tr. ahpn (de)relinqulre, destitu-
ire, desererc, [de)alqa re desistere ; — hope, spem
omiltcre. abandoned, adj. =wicked, nejarius;
see Wicked, abandonment, n. relictw, or
infin. of abandon used substantively (e.g. de-
serere amicum, the — of a friend).
abase, v.tr. 1, = lessen, alqd (de)minuere,
(im)minuere; 2, = humble, frangire (e.g. ani-
miiB, audaciam), comprimcre, coercerc, akjs auc-
torUatem vmmiuuere. abasement, n. 1,
deminutio; 2, legal, = loss of civil and social
rights, capitis ov liberlatis deminutio.
abash, v.tr. alqm percellere, pcrturbare, con-
turbare, animum alcjs affiigere, debilitare, fran-
sere.
abate, I. v.tr. (de)minuere, imminuere; —
a charge, alqd de summd delraUre, sumptum
or impensam circumcidere. II. v.intr. 1, (de)-
minui, imminui, decrescire ; 2, fig. of passion,
defervescere (e.g. ira,. etc.). abatement, n.
dem.inv.tio; in taxation, vectigalium demimdio.
abbat, abbot, n. * abbas, -dtis, nearest
equivalent in Class. Lat. pontifex. abbess, n.
* abbatissa, in Class. Lat. antistes or anlistila.
abbey, n. * ahbatia (— cloister), * ecclesia
(= church), Class, templum.
abbreviate, v.tr. 1, = shorten, (de)cur-
tare, praecidere, circumcidlre ; 2, = compress
(e.g. orationem), contrahcre, verba ad compen-
dium, or compendii facere. abbreviation, n.
1, = shortening, compendium, cont radio (e.g.
orationis, opp. to longitudo) ; mark of—, sigla,
-orinn (Jet.) ; 2, see Epitome.
abdicate, v.tr. magistrate, didatnrd, etc.se
abdiaire, magistratum, etc., ejurare. abdica-
tion, n., legal, abdicatio, ejuratio.
abdomen, n. abdomen.
abduction, n. 1, = theft, furtwn; 2, =
forcible carrying away, raptus, -iis, raptio; to
commit — , rapere.
abed, adv. in lecto ; to lie — , (in lecto) cubare.
aberration, n. 1, = a wandering from the
right path, lit. or fig, error; 2, = mental — ,
mentis error ; 3, =a fault, erratum.
abet, v.tr. 1, = incite, ad alqd instigare, im-
pellere; 2, = aid, ab or cum alqo, or alqd re,
or e parte alcjs stare, auxilio alci esse; — in a
crime or fault, sceleris or culpae participcm or
sociwn esse, abettor, n. socius, adjutor; =
— in anything, alcjs rei, or with abl. contcius
(adj.).
abo
abeyance, n. 1, in gen. to be in — , in
dubio, incertum, integrum esse, intermitti ; to
leave in — , rem integram relinquire; 2, legal,
vacare; the property is in — (i.e. without a
proprietor), fundus vacat ; conferred the priestly
offices as in — on others, sacerdotia ut vacua in
alios conlulit.
abhor, v.tr. abominari, ddestari (lit. = call
a god to witness a curse), odisse, alqm odio
habere, abhorrence, n. detestotio, odium.
abhorrent, adj. 1, = inconsistent with, ab
alqud re abhorrens, alci rei, or (ab) alqd re (die-
nus, alci rei contrarias ; 2, see Hateful.
abide, v.intr. 1, = linger in, (com)morari, in
alqo loco esse, or versari; 2,= last, durare y
abiding, adj. diuturnus, slabilis.
abject, adj. = contemptible, abjedus, con-
temptus, humilis.
abjure, v.tr. 1, legal, abjurare, ejurare;
2. tig. = disown, ejurare, recusare.
ability, n. 1, = physical strength, vires,
-ium; 2, = mental power, facultas, Imen-
iiim, vires ; according to one's — , pro facullaie,
pro viribus; a man of — , vir summi ingenii.
able, adj. 1, = having power, alcjs rei pole ns ,
2, = lit for, habilis, aptus, ad alqd idoneus ;
3, = mentally strong, sagax, sol(l)ers ; 4, to bo
— , posse, valae {= to have strength for) ; to bo
— in anything, alqd re polUre ; as well as I am
— , pro viribus (meis), pro virili parte, able-
bodied, adj. /irmws, robustus, validus.
ablative, n. (casus) ablativus (Gram.).
ablution, n. dblutio ; to mako an — , (aqua)
abluire.
abnegation, n. ■ animi moderatio, temper*
antia ; self—, temperantia.
abnormal, adj. 1, lit. = not according to rule,
«iior»us(c.g. vicus (Tac.) = irregularly built; toga
(Quint.) = irregularly cut), abnormis (= rare) ;
2, = out of the common, novus, inusitatus,
mirus, mirificus, incredibilis, singidaris ; 3,
= very great, maximus; 4, =rare, infrequens.
Adv. praeter morem.
aboard, adv. to go — , (in navem, or 7iai<em)
conscendire ; to be — , in nave esse ; to put — , in
navem imponere; to have — , vehere.
abode, n. 1, = sojourn, habitatio; if in a
foreign country, peregrinatio ; 2, see House.
abolish, v.tr. 1, in gen. abolere (not in Cic),
tollere, subvertere, Mere, ex(s)tingucre ; 2, legal,
abrogare; to — part of a law by a new one,
obrogare. abolition, n. 1, in gen. = destruc-
tion, dissolutio; 2, legal, abrogatio; —of debts,
tabidae novae.
abominable, adj. foedus, tder, dclestabiUs,
immanis, nefarius (= wicked) abominate,
v.tr. see Abhor.
abo
(i'S-2
ace
aboriginal, adj. prisms; prisci Latini =
tiie L.itins who lived before the foundation of
Rome, aborigines, n. indigcnac.
abortion, u. 1, = miscarriage, abortio,
abortus, -us ; to cause an — , alci abortum Jacere,
or inferre ; 2, = a monstrous birth, abortus,
portentum ; a drug to procure — , abortivum
(Juv.). abortive, adj. 1, lit. = belonging to
premature birth, abortivus; 2, fig. = unsuccess-
ful, irritus. Adv. inatssum, ud irrilum.
abound, v.intr. alqd reabundare, affiuere,alci
superesse, or suppeditare (e.g. he —8 in words,
o ratio ei supjieditat). abundance, n. rrrum,
i.e. divitiaritvi, etc., abuudantia, suppeditatio,
affluentia, tibertas, copii. abundant, adj. of-
fiuens (ah) alqd re = rich, copiosus, dives, lo-
cuples. Adv. abunde, satis superque, abundanter,
annulate.
about, I. adv. 1, of place, circa, circum, or
abl. with or without in ; 2, of time or number,
fere, ferine, circiter ; with fut. part. (e.g. lie is
about to go, iturus est). II. prep, with ace, 1,
cf place, both motion to and rest in, circa, cir-
cum; the people — one, gut circum alqm sunt;
2, of time, circa ; 3, of respect, de. ; with abl.
(e.g. he spoke — these things, de his rebus
dixit); what are you — ? quidagis?
above, I. adv. 1, of place, super, supra ; the
— mentioned, quoil supra scripUtm est; 2, of
degree, super, supra; over and — , satis superque.
II. prep. 1, of place, super, ncc. or abl. supra,
ante, ace. ; to sit — anyone at table, supra ubpn
accumbere; 2, of degree, super, supra ; — mea-
sure, supra modum ; = nvue than, plus or ampliiis
(e. .;. he had — i'00 soldiers, jilus duccntns milites
habuit).
abreast, adv. parlter; two horses — , equt
H]uges.
abridge, see Abbreviate.
abroad, adv. furas, with verbs of motion ;
forts, with those of rest ; to sup — , foris
vena re; to spread — , v.tr. —publish, divul-
gate; = scatter, diffundere; v.intr. = to bo
spread, perercbescire ; nations — , gentcs externum
or txterae ; to travel ■ — , peregrinari.
abrogate, see Abolish.
abrupt, adj. 1, lit. = steep, dbruptus,archius,
praeruptus ; 2, fig., of speech, rudis, incom-
positus ; 3, = sudden, subitus, repent in us, im-
provisus. Adv. 1, abrupte, praeritpte : 2, incom.-
posite ; 3, subito, de improviso, repente.
abscess, n. ulcus, -eris, n. suppu ratio (Cel.s.),
fistula, apostema, -atis, u, (Plin.), abscessus, -us
(Cels.), «<?iepr, carcinoma, -atis, n.
absoond, v.intr. 1,= to lie hidden, deliteseere,
latere, occultari ; 2, = to run away, Si inoccultum
abdere, se occultare or celare.
absence, n. absentia; — abroad, peregrin-
atio ; in my — , me absente ; — of mind, alcjs
rei oblivio. absent, I. adj. abssns; to be —
from, ab alqo abesse ; to be — in mind, animo
eccvrrcreet ragari ; — minded, inscius, or oblitus
alcjs rei. II. v.tr. — oneself, se removere.
absolute, I. adj. 1, = complete, perfectus,
absolutus, expletvs ; 2,.— unconditioned, abso-
lulus, simplex; 3, = unlimited, infinitus; —
power, summiun imperium; — ruler, imperator,
qui summum imperium obtinet. II. n. philo-
soplt. t.t., opp. to relative, alqd perfectum it
absotutum, quod semper simplex et idem est. ab-
solutely, adv. 1, = entirely, plane, prorsus,
ovmino ; 2, opp. to relatively, per se, simplicitcr.
absolution, n., in gen. tenia ; to giant
— , alcjs rei veniam dare, absolve, v.tr. 1,
in gen. alqm <dq& re solvere (e.g. soldiers from
military service); see Excuse ; 2, legal t.t. alqm
ttlcjs rei or (de) aloud re (ab)solrcre, alqmulqa ro
liberare; 3, sec Pardon.
absorb, v.tr. 1, lit. sugere, bibere, absorbere,
exhaurirc ; 2, fig. to be absorbed in anything,
alqd re occupatissimum esse.
abstain, v.intr. (sc) (ab) alqd re abstinere or
continere, (ab or in) alqd re, alci rei, or with infill.
(e.g. alqd Jacere), temperare, sibi temjxmre. quo-
minus (not In Cic); to — from appearing in
public, publico carere. abstinence, n. absti-
nentia, continents, modestia, modemtio, temper-
antia; days of — , fast days, jejunium. ab-
stinent, adj. abstinent, continens, sobrivs,
moderatus, temperatus ; — in drink, sobrius.
abstract, I. adj. 1, = removed from the
sphere of the senses, quod nullo sensu percipi
potest ; an ■ — idea, notio nnlli sensui subjecta,
notio mente sold concepta ; an — discussion, dis~
putatio paulll)o abstrvsior ; 2,= deep or acute in
thought, subtilis (et acutus) ; an — thinker, sub-
tills pliilosophus ; see Abstiiu.se. II. v.tr. 1,
to think — ly, animum a corpore ubstrahere,
mentem ab ocnlis seivcare ; — the mind from
pleasure, animum a volvptate sevocare ; 2, = to
make an [abridgment, cpitomen facere ; 3, see
Steal. III. n. epitome , -es, f., or epitoma. ab-
stractly, adv. to think — , see Abstract, II.
l. ; subtiliter, acute, abstracted, adj. 1, see
Abstruse ; 2, = lost in thought, omnium rerum
or sui oblitus. abstraction, n. l, = forget-
fuluess, oblivio; 2, = a mere name or idea, ap-
pellatio (Suet.).
abstruse, adj. obseurus, abditns, reconditus.
abstruseness, n. obscuritas, res occulta, or
involuta. Adv. obscure, abdite, recondite.
absurd, adj. 1, = silly, absurdus, ineptus,
inscitus; 2, = ridiculous, ridimlus. Adv. 1,
absurde, inepte, inscite; 2, ridicule absurd-
ity, n. 1, as a quality, insulsitas ; 2, = a joke,
rittieulum; 3, = an act, res inepta, ineptiae,
nugae.
abundance, abundantly), see Abound.
abuse,!. n.l,= the wrong use of a thing, i'wi-
moderatio.(= excess), itsus, -us perversus(= mis-
application); 2, rhetor, t.t. a6ws(o(r=misuscof a
word); 3,=had language, convicfum, mated t'cliiui ;
4,= an evil custom, res muli or pessimi exempli,
malum, pestis, mos prams, qnod contra, jus fasque
est. II. v.t. 1,= misuse, alqd re ■perverse uti, abuti
(in bad sense only from context, lit. = to use
up); 2, rhetor, t.t. (e.g. a term) abuti; 3, = to
rail at, alci malcdiccre. abuser, 11. 1, = one
who misuses anything, liomo immoderatus qui
alqd re abulitur ; 2, — a railer, conviciator, limno
maledicus or maledicens. abusive, adj. male-
(liens or maledicens contumeliosns. Adv. maledicc,
contumeliose.
abut, v.tr. afci loco adjacere, fnitimum,
vicinum, confinem, contincntem, conjunctum esse,
locum tangere, attingere, alci loco immincre (= to
hang over).
abyss, n. 1, lit. = a great depth, profundum,
altitudo(= depth merely) ; gurges, -itis. m. (= a
whirlpool) ; locus praeceps (— precipice); fig. txi-
tium; see Destruction. He plumjed in an —
of pleasure, sc voluptatibus (prorsus) dedit; be
plunged in an — of ruin, semct ipse, praecipi-
tavit.
academy, n. 1, — the Platonic school,
Academia; 2, = a learned body, collegium.
academical, adj. 1, = belonging to a urn
versily, ucademieus ; 2, = an — (i.e. theoretical)
question, res ad cognitionem modo pertinens.
r»ccede, v.intr. 1, =to be added to, accedere
; ad alqd or dat. ; 2, see Aoree.
ace
633
ace
accelerate, v.tr. accclerare; see Hasten.
accent, n. 1, in prouuuciaUmi, vox, aaxntut,
•lis, (rocis) so/ins, -«s, tenor; sharp — , ioa acuta;
acute, grave, circumflex — , accentus or «wms
acntus, gravis, circttmjlexus or injlextts : 2, in
writing, apes, -icts, iu. (= the long or short mark
ever a vowel); a syllable with short, long, or
circumflex — ,syllaba brevis, longa, circum/lexa.
accept, v.tr. 1, = to take, accipire; 2, = to
undertake, suseipere (of one's own accord); re-
cipcre (what is offered) ; not to — an office,
viunus deprecari. acceptable, adj. jucundus,
accipiendvs, grains. Adv. jucuiule, grate, ac-
ceptance, n. 1, acceplio (e.g. frttmenti), as-
amiiplio (e.g. argument!); better by intiu., e.g.
lie intimated Ids — , dixit sc accipere; 2,=
approbation, comprobatio. acceptation, =
significance, signijicatio.
access, n. 1,= approach, adittis, -lis, accessio,
accessus, -us; ditlicult of — , ruri est accessus; 2,
= addition, acctssio, cumulus; 3, med. t.t. (e.g.
of a fever), accessio (Cels.) ; 4, =au entrance, adi-
tus, -us, accessus, -us. accessary, I. adj.l, see
Additional ; 2, = privy to, consents alcjs rei,
dat., in ovde with abl., or rel. clause (e.g. conscius
quae gerereittur, — to what was being done).
II. II. = accomplice, cotiscius, units ex consciis,
sceleri affinis, (culpae) socius. accessible, adj.
patens, fitcilis aditu or cuxessu; not — to any
advice, consilii non pattens ; he is little — , dijfi-
cil is est aditu. accession, n. 1, = increase,
accessio; 2, = — to the throne, initium reg-
naiuli.
accidence, U. — the rudiments, clementa,
•Oram, rudimenta, -oru/n.
accident, 1, = a chance event, casus, -its,
eventtts, -its, eventum ; 2, = a misfortune, casus,
calamitas. accidental, adj./or/ni£i(s(e.g. con-
cursus atomorum), forte obtains. Adv. forte, casu ;
to mention — , in mentionem alcjs rei incidcrc.
acclaim, acclamation, n. acclamaiio
(= shout of applause, in Cic. always of disap-
proval) ; with general — , omnibus probantibus.
acclaim, v.tr. odd acclametre.
accommodate, v.tr. accommodare alt[d aid
or with ad. accommodating, adj. obseqiuns,
ftcilis ; to be — to, alci morem gerere, moriger-
aii. accommodation, n. 1, = adjustment of
differences, reconciliatio ; see Aorkement; 2,
= entertainment or place of entertainment, has-
pitium.
accompany, v.tr. l,= to go with, comitemse
alci adjuugere, dare, praebcre, alqm comituri, pro-
sequi, deducere (as a mark of respect) ; stipare (of
a crowd); accompanied by, cum. (e.g. tevipestas
cum yrandine); 2, iu music, — to sing or play
together, alci concinere ; — on an instrument,
vocem. fidibtts jungere, cuntttm inodis musicis exci-
pcre. accompaniment, n. 1, comitatus, -its,
stiiMtio ; 2, in music, adjunclio fidium voci, or
vocisjidibus.
accomplice, n. criminis conscius, socius,
sceleri affinis.
accomplisb, v.tr. amficere, pcrficere, ab-
■■•olvere, consummate, perpolire; to be — ed (of
dreams, Sec), exitum habere, accomplished,
.ulj. (per)polUics, eiegans, dochus, humanus. ac-
complishment, 4i. 1, = fulfilment, confectio,
perfeclio, absoltttio ; = the end, finis, exitus, -us ;
2, = — of the mind, ars, or by some term denot-
ing the subject of the — (e.g. mttsica, music as
an — ).
accord, I. n. 1, = agreement of sounds (son-
urttiii) oonceiltus, .{Is, nervorum or vocum Concor-
dia, harrnqnia: 2, sec Agreement) of one's
own — , sponte, ultra. II. v.intr. 1, lit. = to
sound with, concinere; 2, = agree with, ck»i
alqo congruere. accordance, see Accord, I.
In — with, ex; in — with the agreement, ex
pacto, ex conventu ; — with my wishes, ut volui;
— with his opinion, ex ejus opinione. ac-
cordant, adj. congruent, consentient, constant;
— together, ununivtus. according to, see
ACCORDANCE; ad, secundum, cut alqd; — you,
ex tud sentenliii ; — circumstances, ex or pro
re. accordingly, adv. itaque, quae cum
ita sint.
accost, I. n. appellatio, salutalio. II v.tr.
alloqiti (rare in good Latin), appellare, salutare.
accouchement, n. partus, -its; a premature
— , abortio ; to be iu — , parere, partum edere.
account, I. v.tr. 1, = to think, lutbere, aesti-
mare; to — highly, magni facere; — lowly,
niltili facere ; — nothing of, noil Jlocci facere;-
2, = to — for, see Explain ; 3,=to — loauyoiic,
rationem alci de, alqd re reddere. II. n. 1, lit.-
= a reckoning, ratio ; to take — , rationem hablrc ;
to give — , rationem alci tie alqd, re reddere ; 2,
fig. = to be of — , magni or muximi haberi, — with
anyone, multum apud alqm (auctoritate) valere;
to be of no — , nttlki esse auctoritate ; 3, = — at a
bank, pecunia in argentarid (col)locata ; to open
an — , pecuniam in argentariam collocare ; to
draw upon an — , alqd de pecunid sua detra-
herc; to pay upon — , partem debili or ex debilo
solvere; —book, tabula: 4, = pretext, reason ;
on my — , Hied tie causd, meo nomine; not ou
any — , nullo modo ; on — of anything, propter
alqd; 5, — narrative, narralio; give an — of,
alqd nurture, accountable, see Respox-
siuli:. accountant, n. scribtt, in., dellned by
context (e.g. qui tabulae conjicil).
accoutre, v.tr. see Equip.
accredit, v.tr. l,=.add credit to, see Con-
firm: 2, = to — an ambassador, alqm legalum
(ad regem, &c.) facere ; 3, see Believe, accred-
ited, adj. 1, = admitted, probatus ; 2, = — en-
voy, legatus publice missus.
accretion, n. accessio, incrementum, cumulus.
accumulate, v.tr. (eo)ocerr«re, (ffc)ct<mu-
larc, exaggerate, accumulation, n. cnmiilus,
incrementum,
accurate, adj. accuratus, exaclns, limahis,
einendatus. Adv. accurate, exacle, pure, emendate.
accuracy, n. accuratio (a rare word), dili-
gentia ; with the greatest — , accuralissime.
accurse, v.tr. see Curse.
accuse, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. alqm alcjs rei or
de alqd re accusare, postulare, compcllare, cilare,
reum facere, arguere, alqm in jus vocare or (e)du-
cere, in judicium adducere, alci diem tl icere, nomen,
alcjs de alqd re deferre; — of high treason, alqm,
ptrduellionis, or majestatis or de majestuta reum
facere; — of assassination, alqm inter sicarios
accusare; — of extortion, de (pecuniis) repetun-
dis accusare; the accused, reus; 2, in gen.
accusare, incusare, criminari. accusation,
n. 1, legal t.t. accusatio, criminalio, crimen,
esp. when unfounded; (= — of an informer,
secret — ) delatio ; 2, in gen. incusatio, (=a
speech against) oratio in alqm. accusative,
n. gram. t.t. accusativus {casus), accuser, n.
qui alqm accusal, accusntor (strictly of a public
accuser, pelitor being plaintiff in private case);
an informer, itulex; a secret — , delator.
accustom, v.tr. alqm assuefacere alqd re, ad,
or dat. (abl. in Cic), or with in tin. ; to — oneself
= be accustomed, assucscfre, cousucsccrc, with
abl., ad or dat. or inlin. accustomed, a J ,j,
assuelus / h| the — way, de mow.
ace
634
add
ace, n. In cards, use terms from dice ; the
side of the die marked 1, ccntis (= the dog-throw,
i.e. worst) ; the best throw, the — of trumps,
Venus (jactus, -iis), Vencreus, busilicus (because at
a Roman symposium the king of the feast was
chosen by this throw).
ache, I. n. dolor. II. v.intr. duttre.
achieve, v.tr. 1, = to finish, facerc, conficere,
effitfre,pc>-jiccre, consummare,finirc; 2, = to gain,
assequi, eonsequi ; to — something (i.e. make
progress), alqd or mitltum proficire. achieve-
ment, u. 1, = the doing of anything, confectio ;
2, = a deed, /acinus, -oris, n. (but more usual in
bad sense) ; he has made an — , magna confccit.
acid, adj. 1, = sharp to the taste, acidus,
acerbus, acer ; 2, = — in temper, acer, acerbus,
morosus. acidity, n. 1, sapor acidus ; 2, acer-
Mas, morositas, acerbity, n. acerbitas (lit.
and fig.).
acknowledge, v.tr. 1, = to accept as one's
own, a(d)gnosclre (e.g. alqm filium, as a son) ; to
■ — a child, suscipcre (the father raised a new-
born child from tho ground); 2, = to admit,
confileri(= to confess, e.g. a fault) ; 3, = to — a
kindness, aldgratiasagire; — a payment, (i;
acccplnm referre (i.e. to place to the credit side
of an account-book) ; — a letter, rescribcre with
dat. or ad. acknowledged, adj. cognibas,
probatus, spectatus. acknowledgment, n. 1,
= approval, approbatio, comprobatio ; 2, = con-
fession, confessio ; 3, gratitude (e.g. to make an
— , gratias alci agcre, se gratum praebere; 4, seo
Receipt.
acme, n, = height, fastigium ; to reach
the — of glory, summam gloriam assequi.
acorn, n. glans.
acoustics, n, ratio awliendi, quae ad an-
ditum pertinent.
acquaint, v.tr. see Inform, acquaint-
ance, n. 1, = knowledge of a thing, peritia
(not in Cic), scientia, nolitia, cognitio alcjs rei ;
with a person, usus or familiaritas cum alqo ; —
with literature, eruditio ; to make — with, alqm
ovalqd(cog)noscere; to seek — with, appetere alcjs
familiar itatem ; 2, = a person slightly known,
amicus, familiaris, noli (only used as n. in pi.).
The distinction between friend and acquaint-
ance was not marked in Latin, it can be
rendered by amicus and homo mihi amicissimus
s= friend, or homo mihi paene notus = — . ac-
quainted, adj. notns, cognilus ; — with, alci
familiaris ; to make — , introduce, alqm ad cdqm
deducere; to be — with, alqni novisse (nosse);
to be familiarly — with, alqu familiariter uli ;
— with anything, alcjs rei peritus, gnarus,
alqa re imbutus, doctus, institutus, in alqd re
versatus ; not — with, alcjs rei ignarus, inscius,
ritdis.
acquiesce, v.U\U\(in)alqd reacguiesoSre, alqd
aequo animn or patientcr fern, acquiescence,
n. assensus, -us ; see Assent.
acquire, v.tr. see Gain, acquirement,
acquisition, n. 1, = anything gained, res
adepta ; 2, = knowledge, alcjs rei cognitio; a
man of many — s, vir perpolitus, multis arlibus
eruditus; 3, the process of — , alcjs rei eompar-
atio, adept io. acquisitive, ndj. aptus ad
alqd impel randum.
ucquit, v.tr. see Absolve, acquittal, n.
absolutio alcjs rei. acquittance, n, apocha
(Jot.); to give or to enter an — , in deception
referre.
acrid, adj. =hotand biting, both of physical
taste and of temper, acerbus, wardens, mordax.
acridity, n- acerbitas,
acrimonious, adj. mordant, mordens, acer-
bus, acidcatus. Adv. mordaciter, accrbe. acri-
mony, n. acerbitas.
across, prep. 1, = the other side of, trans;
2, with verbs of motion, trans, per = right
through ; something comes — my mind, alqd
mihi (dc improvisu) ob(J)icitur.
acrostic, U. = riddle, acnigma, -litis, n.
act, I. v.intr. = to do, agcre, fudrc (e.g.
bene, male, well or ill); to — as a man, se
virum praebZrc; so to — as to, ita se genre itt ;
the medicine — s, efficax est. II. v.tr. = to — a
part 1, on the stage, alcjs partes agere; to —
the first part, primas partes agcre or iraclarc,
personam tractare ; to — a play, fabulam agere ;
to forbid the players to — , histrionibus scaeuam
interdicere; 2, in life, personam sustinerc or
lueri; 3, = to feign, alqm simulare ; 4, to —
upon anyone, multum, nihil, etc., a]>ud ab/m
valere ; to be — ed upon, alqd re effici. III.
n. of a play, actus, -iis; — of Parliament,
Senatusconsullum ; — of amnesty, oblirio sempi-
terna; the — of anyone, factum; in pi. =
achievements, res gestae, gesta or acta, -orum, n. ;
in the very — , in manifesto facinore. action, n.
1, = the "doing of anything, actio ; 2, = a deed,
factum; 3, in battle, res gesta; = the battle
itself, praelium; 4, of a play, =the series of
events, actiones ; = gesture, actio, gestus, -iis; 5,
of a horse, gradus, -us; 6, legal t.t. an — for
anything, lis, litis, f., actio alcjs rei, or de
cdqd re (e.g. furti, de rejietundis) ; to bring
an — against, actionem in alqm iustituere, alci.
diem dicere. actionable, adj. cujus rei actio
est, quod contra leges est. actor, n. 1, = one
who arts, qui agit, facit, alcjs rei actor; 2, on
the stage, hislrio, actor; comic — , comoedus ;
tragic — , tragocdus. actress, n. only men
acted in classical times, so use quae partes agit.
activo, adj. 1, = quick, ecler, acer, promptvs;
2, = untiring, industrious, impiger, (g)navus.
Adv. acriter, impigre, Industrie, (g)naviier. ac-
tivity, n. 1, =quickness, celeritus ; 2, = indus.
try, iudustria, impigritas. actual, adj. verus,
manifestus. Adv. vere, re vera ; actually? itant
vero? actuate, v.tr. excitare, impellere.
acumen, n. ingenii acies, acumen.
acute, adj. 1, of pain, acntus, gravis, vehemens
acerbus ; 2, of intellect, acntus, subiilis, acer]
perspicax, sagax ; 3, see Angle, Accent. Adv.
acute, graviier, vehementer, subtiliter, sagaciter
acuteness, n. sagacitas, p>erspicacitas, ingeni\
acies, acumen, subtilitas.
adage, n. proverbium.
adamant, n. adamas, -antis, hi. adaman,
tine, adj. 1, lit. adamanlinus ; 2, fig. = verj
strong, validissimus ; see Strono.
adapt, v.tr. alqd alci rei or ad alqd, accommo-
dare, aptarc, efflcfre lit alqd cum alqd re con.
veniat. adapted, adj. aphis, or idoneus ad
aVad (faciendum), or alci rei, or qui with subj.
adaptation, n. aceommodatio.
add.v.tr. alqdalci(ulcUre,a.djungh-e,ad(j)ich-Ci
to — up, summam faixre, computare. addition,
n. 1, = adding to, adjunclio (esp. = an — that
limits the meaning), adjectio, accessio ; 2, = n
thing added, alcjs rei accessio or additamentum ;
3, in arith. additio, opp. to ahjectio (= subtl-ac-,
lion) (Quint.); by — and subtraction to find a
total of various" it"ms, addenda deducendoqut
summam facere. additional, adj. novus, ad'
dltus, adjectus.
adder, n. vipera.
addict, v.tr. alci or alci rei se dare, deder>
or Uvdcrc ; se a.d, s'v.div.m alcjs rei conferrc. incuvu
add
635
adv
here, addicted, adj. aid rei deditus, alcjs rei
studiosus ; to be — to a person, totum alcjs esse.
addle, v.tr. abortivum facere; an addled
egg, ovum abortivum (Mart.), ovum irrilum,
sephyrium (Plin.).
address, I. v.tr. 1, = apply oneself to
anything, sealci rei dedere, tradere, ad or in alqd
incumberc ; 2, — to speak to, alqm alloqui, affari,
appellare (both by speech and letter) ; 3, to — a
letter to, alcili(t)tcrasinscribere. H.n. l,=specch
to anyone, alloquium; 2, = speech to a meeting,
contio (in late Lat. also = a sermon), oratio ;
3, of a letter, inscriptio ; 4, = place, locus
(e.g. to that — ) ; 5, = adroitness, sol(l)ertia ; 6,
— es — courtship, to pay one's — es to, alqam in
matrimonium petere.
adduce, v.tr. adducere, producere, proftrre,
(com)memorare ; to — witnesses, testimony,
testes, testimonium proferre, testes citare, producere.
adept, adj. ad alqd callidus, alcjs rei or alqd
re peritus.
adequate, adj. alci or alci rei proprius, alci,
alci rei or ad alqd aplus, idoneus, alci rei or cum
alqd recongruens, conveniens, consentaneus, ad alqd
accommodatus ; — to the occasion, ad tempus ac-
commodatus. Adv. apte, convenienter, congruenter,
pro rata (parte).
adhere, v. intr. (in)alqd re dat. or adalqd(in)-
liaererc, 'adkaerere ; to — to a person, alci studere,
deditum esse, alcjs studiosum esse; to — together,
cohaercre ; — to a party, e partibus esse, (alcjs)
partibus farire. adherence, adhesion, n,
1, lit. by Adhere; 2, = attachment, amor,
studium erga or in alqm. adherent, n.
Minis e sociis ; — of a school of thought, ilisci-
pulus ; = political — , cum ulqo consisntiens ; his
— s, sui. adhesive, adj. = sticky, tenax; —
plaster, cataplusma, -dtis, n. (Cels.),
adieu! vale! pi. vaUte; to bid — , alqm
salvere or valere jubere; at the end of letters,
vale, valete, cura ut valeas, valeatis.
adjacent, adj. alci rei adjacens, adjectus,
contiguus, vicinus, finitimns ; to be — , adjacere;
of a country, contingere (e.g. fines llelvetio-
rum), or conlinenlem esse with dat. or abl. with
cum.
adjective, n. nomen adjectivum (Gram.).
adjoin, see Adjacent (to be).
adjourn, v.tr. differre, proferre, prorogare ; to
. — the day of trial, diem prodicire. adjourn-
ment, n. dilatio, prolatio.
adjudge, v.tr. alqd alci addicere, adjudicare ;
to — a triumph, alci triumphum decernire (so of
everything else awarded by the SenatCj e.g.
honores, pecuniam.)
adjunct, n. accessio, alqd alci rei appositum,
addition.
adjure, v.tr. 1, =to impose an oath upon,
alqm jurejurando or Sacramento, ad jusjuran-
dmn adigere, jurejurando obstringere ; 2, = to
entreat, to — (by), (per alqm or alqd) obsecrare,
obtestari. adjuration, n. = entreaty, obse-
I emtio, obtestatio.
adjust, v.tr. 1, see Arrange ; 2, see Adapt.
adjustment, n. accommodatio.
adjutant, n. optio, -onis, m.
administer, v.tr. alqd adviinistrare, gerere,
procurare, alqd re fungi, alci rei praeesse ; to —
an oath to, alci jusjurandum deferre ; to —
mouicine, medicinam alci dare; — justice, jus
dicere. administration, n. 1, = perform-
ance, administrate, procurutio, functio ; 2, = the
ministers of state, qui reipublicae praesunt or
praepositi sunt,
admiral, n. praefectus classis; to appoint
as — , praeficere alqm classi ; to be au — , classi
praeesse.
admire, v.tr. (ail)mirari. admiration,
n. (ad)miratio. admirable, adj. 1, = worthy
of admiration, (ad)mirandus, (ad)mirabilis ; 2,
= excellent, cqitimus, egreqius, eximius, praestans,
pruestabilis. Adv. viirum in vwdum, mirum
quantum, (ud)mirabilitcr r optime, egregrie,
eximie.
admit, v.tr. 1, = to allow to enter, alqm ad-
mittere, adilum alci dare, adeundi coviam or
potestatem alci facere ; 2, = concede, concedere,
dure; 3, = confess, futiri, confiteri; 4, = to
allow, habere (e.g. alqd excusutionis , — some
excuse), pali ; this — s of no doubt, de lwc dubi-
tari non potest, admission, n. 1, = leave to
enter, admissio, aditus, adeundi copia ; 2, = con-
cession, coi-.cessio; in r.igument, with this — , hoc
conccsso. admissible, 1, = to be received,
accipiendus ; 2, =fair, aequus.
admonish, v.tr. alqm alqd, de alqd re or
ut (ad)monere, alqm ad alqd or ut (ad)hortari.
admonition, n. (ad)monitio, (ad)hortalio.
ado, n. with much — , vix, aegre; see Ft'S3.
adolescence, n. adulescentia (adol.).
adopt, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. alqm adoplare,
a(d)sciscere ; 2, = to accept, accipere, recipere ; to
— a resolution, alqd consiilucre, consilium inire.
adoption, n. adoptio. adoptive, adj..
adoptivus (mostly late, csp. Jet.).
adore, v.tr. 1, = to worship, venerari, colere;
2, = to admire, colere, diligere, amare. ador-
able, adj. sanrtus, vcnera)ulus. adoration,
n. cultus, -us, veneralio.
adorn, v.tr. (ex)ornare, decorare; an — ed
style in speaking, oratio ornata. adornment,
n. ornatus, -its, ornamentum.
adrift, adj. 1, lit. fiuctibus or vento jactatus ;
2, in mind, to be — , (animo) vagari.
adroit, adj. callidus, sol(l)ers, habill3. Adv.
callide. adroitness, n. habilitas, sol(l)eTtia.
adulation, n. adulatio, assentatio, blanditia,
ambitio.
adult, I. adj. culultus. II, n. pubes; — a,
puberes.
adulterate, v.tr. adulterare, corrumpire,
viiiare.
adultery, n. adultcrium; to commit — ,
adulterium cum alqo or alqd fucere, inire,
adulterous, adj. adulteriis deditus.
adumbrate, v.tr. adumbrare. adumbra-
tion, n. adumbiatio.
advance, I. v.intr. 1, lit. progredi, pro-
cedure; 2, fig. procedure, progredi, profi,dre; to
be advanced in years, aetate provehi; in rank, ad
ampliorem gradum (e.g. ad consulatum) provehi.
II. v.tr. 1, alqm alqd re augere, (tx)ornare; to —
anyone's interests, aid or alcjs rei consulire ; 2,
= to bring forward an opinion, sententiam dicere,
aperire ; 3, = to pay in advance, in antectssum
dare (Sen.). Ill, u. 1, = a going forward, pro-
gressus, -us, iter, -ineris, ni ; 2, — an increase,
progressus ; 3, = of money, petunia in antecessum
data (Sen.), advance-guard, n. primum
agmen. advancement, n. 1, in rank, gradus,
■us amplior, or byname of office to which — is
made (e.g. to the consulship, consulatus) ; 2, in
gen. = — of interests, etc., by infin. of verb to
advance (e.g. the — of your interests, tibi con-
sulere).
advantage, n. commodum, lucrum, fructus,
-us,emolumentum,utilitas, bonum (esp. in riLbona,
— s) ; — of a position, loci opportunitas ; to my
adv
636
afr
— , e re med or in rem meant est ; to gam — from,
fructnm ex alqd re cupere ; with an eye to one's
own — , alid I'd frurivm suum refcrre ; it is for
one's — , expedit (with ace. and infill.); to he of — ,
utilem or utile esse, ex usu or usui esse, alci or aid
reiprodessc. advantageous, adj. quaestuosus,
utilis, fructuosus, opportunus. Adv. utiliter.
advent, lit. adventus, -us. adventitious,
adj. adventicius, externus.
adventure, I. n. 1, = daring deed, /acinus,
-oris, n., audax inceptum ; 2, = an unusual oc-
currence, res nova or mira. II. v.tr. alqd audire,
tentare, experiri, pcriclitari. adventurer, ».
qui alqd tenlat ; a mere — , fraudator. adven-
turous, adj. audax, temerarius. Adv. audacter,
temerc.
adverb, n. adverbium (Gram.).
adversary, n, adversaries-; in trials, the — ,
isle; see Enemy.
adverse, adj. alci or alci rei adversus, am-
Irarius, oppositus ; — winds, venti adversi ; —
circumstances, res adversae. Adv. contra; to act
— , alci or alci rei adversari, repugnare ; to act —
to one's own interest, utilitati suae repugnare.
adversity, n. udversa, res adversae, miseria.
advert to, v.tr. amimum ad alqd intendire,
alqd animadvertere.
advertise, v.tr. 1, = to inform, alqd alci
nuntiare, alqm de alqa re certiorem facere; 2,
= to make publicly known, praedicare, pro-
nuntiare; — in the papers, inactis (diurnis or
publicis) pronuntiare. advertisement, n.
I, indicium, significatio ; 2, praedicatio, procla-
rnalio {in actis).
advice, n. consilium; by my — , me auctore ;
a pretty piece of — ! pulchre suades ! advise,
v.tr. 1, =give advice, consilium alci dare, alci
suadere ut or alqd, alqm alqd or ut, monere, alqm
alqd, ad or in alqd or ut, hortari ; 2, = to inform,
alqm. de alqd re certiorem facere. Adv. consultc,
considerate, de industrid. adviser, n. suasor,
consiliarius, (consilii) auctor.
advocate, I. n. 1, legal t.t, patronus, cog-
nitor, procurator; to be an — , caus{s)as dicere,
at/ere; in foro versari ; 2, in gen. alcjs rei auctor.
II. v.tr. = to defend, defindf.re, tueri, tuturi.
adze, n. ascia.
aerial, adj. aerius, aelherius.
aeronaut, n. qui se per aerem (curru) pro-
pdlat.
afar, adv. procul, longe, e longinquo, eminus
(opp. communis) ; to be — , procul or longe abesse.
affable, adj. affabilis, blandus, comis, com-
inunis,mamui:tus(=Rent]<i,op^.ferJis),coinmod'.u
i= obliging), affability, affableness, n.
mores commodi, affabililas, mansueludo, comilas,
communitas (Nep.).
affair.n. res, opus, -eris, n. (— work), negolium,
ocenpatio, minislerium, munus, -eris, n., euro.; it
is the — of a judge, jv.dicis (ojficium) est. bee
BUSINES3.
affect, v.tr. 1, = to influence, alqm tan-
give, (comymovere, alqm alqd re afficere; 2, = to
injure, alci nocere, noxiumesse ; 3, = to be fond
of, tliUgire, amare; 4, = to assume an appear-
ance, simulare, imitari, prae se ferre ; to —
constancy, etc., ennstantiam, etc., simulare. af-
fectation, n. shnulatio, imitatin, ostentatio.
effected, 1, of persons, mollis, incptus (=■ silly),
alqd o.-ttentans ; 2, of things, quaesitus, simulatns,
pvtidns, ntolestus(oI speech). Adv. pulide, inepte,
mollitcr, molcsle.
affection, n. 1, = a state of the mind or fecl-
ing, the feelings, animimotus,- us, (animi)affectns,
•us^commoliOjpernwtio, impetus, -us; 2, = loving
sentiment, amor, caritns, benevolentia, studium,
pietas (= dutiful — ) ; indulgentia (= indulgent
— ), voluntas in or erga alqm. affectionate,
adj. amoris plenus, alejs amans (e.g. uxuris), pins
(= dutifully — ), indulgens. Adv. amanter, tn-
dulgentcr, pie; — yours (at the end of a letter),
cura ut valeas or vale.
affiance, I. n. 1, = trust, fiducin, fides; in
anything, alcjs rei; with anything, see Affin-
ity ; 2, = marriage contract, sponsalia, -ium.
II. v.tr., see Betroth.
affidavit, n. testimonium per tabulas datum
(Quint.).
affinity, 1, = relationship, propinqnitas, pro-
pinquitatis vinculum, necessitudo (= family ties),
cog ■ictio (on the side of the father or the mother),
a(d}jnatio (on the side of the father), offinitas, af-
finitatis vinculum (by marriage); consanguinitas,
consanguinitalis vinculum, sanguinis vinculum
(by blood) ; 2, = close connection, similarity,
cognatio, conjunctio ; — of the sciences, cogna.tia
studiorum,
affirm, v.tr. 1, aio (defective = I say Yes, opp.
nego), affirmare, confirmare, annuere (by nodding
assent), fateri, c.onfi"teri(= to admit) ; 2, legal t.t.
to — a contract, law, etc., pactum, legem, etc.,
sancire,ratum esse jublre (of the Senate), af-
firmation, n. 1, in gen. affirmatio ; 2, legal t.t.
confirmatio. affirmative, adj. uiens (opp.
negans), affirmans; an — answer, affirmatio.
Adv. to reply — , aio, alqd confirmare.
affix, v.tr. = to fasten or put to, alqd alci
rei (af)figere, alqd ad rem alligare, annectere, ad
rem or alci rei alqd, alci rei agglutinare (= to
glue to).
afflict, v.tr. =to make sorrowful, contris-
tare, dolorem alci facire, efflcere, afferre, com-
movcre, dolore alqm afficere; alqm torquire, a.ngcre,
(ex)cruciare, vexare, mordere, pungere. afflic-
tion, n. aegritudo (= sickness of mind), dolor,
maeslitia (= sadness, opp. hilaritas, iaetitia),
molestia, maeror (= dejection) ; — of body,
aegrotatio, morbus. afflicting, adj. tristis,
miser, acerbus, lucluosus.
affluence, n. abundanlia, affluently (more
than you want), ubcrtas (= fulness), copia ; — of
good things, suppeditalio bonorum. affluent,
see, Abundant, under Abound.
afford, v.tr. 1, = to supply, prtustare, prae-
here, concedcre, alcjs rei (faciendae) potestatem
facere (e.g. to — an opportunity for an inter-
view, colloquendi secum pot. fac.) ; 2, = to yi>\ I.
redderc, suppeditare ; 3, = to have the means or
to be able, jwsse.
affranchise, see Free, v.tr.
affray, n. = disturbance or petty quarrel,
run, pugna, tumullus, -us (of a mob).
affright, see Frighten.
affront, I. v.tr. l, = to meet, alci or ad or in
alqd occurrere, alci obviam ire ; 2, = to wound the
feelings, offendcre, laedere, pungere (— to sting),
mordere. II. n. oppiobrium,contumelia, injuria.
affronting, adj. injuriosv.s, contumeliosus.
afield, adv. in agros (with verbs of motion),
in agris (with verbs of rest).
afloat, adj. & adv., to be — , navigare, navi
vehi. s
afoot, adv. pedibns (e.g. pedibus ire).
aforesaid, adj. quern or rjuotl supra, scripsi,
eoBimemorasi, etc.
afraid, adj. avxius, sol(l)icitus, limidus,
pai'Ulus, trepidus, ignavus, (pn)tnrii n~ ■ »«j bo
— , alqm, rdqd timcrr, metuere, reformidare ; not
to be --, due mttu or securun 1 esse.
afr
637
aid
' • afresh, adv. see Aoain.
after, I. prep, post (with accus.) 1, of place,
post turn (= after or behind him); 2, of time,
post aliquot menses (= after some months); or by
abl. abs. (e.g. Aeglnd relictd, = — leaving
Algina) ; 3, of rank (nemo est post te, = no
one is after or inferior to thee). As denoting
sequence or order, rank, secundus a (e.g. secun-
dus a rege, — next to the king) ; := accord-
ing to, secundum (e.g. secundum legem, — ratio-
neni, etc.). If a model is intended, ad is used
(e.g. ad normam, = after a set rule ; ad eorum
arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt, = they form
themselves wholly after their will and pleasure ;
admodum, = moderately ; adformam, — cffigiem,
— simllltudinem, denoting imitation). II. conj.
1, postqnam, tit, ubi; three years after he had
returned, post Ires annos or terllum annum quam
redierat, tcrtio anno quam redierat; the- day —
he came, postrulie quam venerat, also poslridie,
ejus diet ; 2, by abl. abs., — he had done this,
quo facto. ill. adv., also afterwards,
post, postm, posthac (denoting specially sequence
in time) ; dein(de), exin(de), inde (denoting
the sequence in time of two things, next);
deinceps (an unbroken sequence in time), mox
(=. presently, shortly after, opp. nunc). When
the " afterward " refers to the act in the
foregoing member, the Romans liked to repeat
the verb of that member in the form of a par-
ticiple (e.g. the robbers took Remus prisoner,
and afterwards gave him up to Amulius, lutrones
Senium ceperunt et captum Amullo tradlderunt) ;
three years — , post tres annos, trlbus annis post,
post tertium annum, tertio anno post, iertio
anno ; first, afterward, lastly, prius, delude,
extremo ; first, next, afterward, prlnciplo, prox-
imo, delude.
afternoon, I. n. pbmeridianum tempus; in
the — , post meridiem. II. adj. pomerldlanus.
again, adv. 1, in gen. iterum, denuo, rursus,
rursum; again and again, iterum atque iterum,
seinel atque iterum; ill composition by re- ; to
rise — , resurgere ; 2, = hereafter, posthac,
postea ; 3, = in turn, contra, vicissim; 4, of the
heads of a speech, ad hoc or haec.
against, prep. 1, = rest near, ad with accus.
(e.g. ad vuirum), contra with accus. (e.g. contra
insulam) ; 2, = motion towards, adoersus or
ud alqm or alqd ; 3, = hostility towards, ad-
versus or in alqm, contra alqm or alqd ; a speech
— Caeciua, oratio in Caeclnam ; — expectation,
praeter or contra opinlonem ; — the stream,
wind, ad verso flu mine, reuto ; — one's will, alqo
invito; for and — , in utramque partem,; 4, of
time, ad or in with accus. ; sub lucem, — day-
light (i.e. just before),
age, n. actus (=the time of life, persons living
at the same time) ; of the same — , aequalis (also
= contemporaries) ; men of the same — , ejusdem
aetatls or temporls homines, ejusdem aetatls ora-
tores (= the orators of the same age, that is, the
contemporaneous orators) ; next in — , aetate
proximus ; his — did not understand Socrates,
jSocratem aetas sua parum intellexlt, Socrates ah
Tiominlbus sui temporls parum intellegebatur ;
8aecu!in)i(=aloTig indefinite period), tempus, -oris,
fi., or in pi. ; to be of — , sui potentem, sui juris
esse; not of — , nondum adultd aetate; old — ,
senectus, -iitls, f. ; to bo twenty years of — , vu
gintl annos natum esse, aged, adj. aetate pro-
vectior or grandior ; an — man, senex, -Is.
agent, n. actor, procurator; a free — , qui
mi juris est. agency, n, 1,= performance,
effect its, -fid ; 2, = employment, procuratio.
aggrandize, v.tr. amplificare, augjre. ag-
grandizement, n. ampliflcatio, dignitatis ac
cesslo (— — in rank).
aggravate, v.tr. l,= to increase, augli'ei
2, = to exasperate, exasperare, lacesse're, incitare.
aggregate, I. n. summa. II, v.tr. con-
gregate, aggregation, n. c.ongregutlo.
aggression, n. 1, in war, impetus, -us, incur-
slo, incursiis, -us, excursio, oppugnatio (= storm-
ing of a place) ; 2, in. gen. = encroachment,
injuria, aggressive, adj. hostilis, infen-
sus. Adv. hoslililer, in/ense. agressor, 1,
qui bellum suscepit ; 2, In gen. Qlti injuriam
aid faclt.
aggrieve, v.tr., sec Grieve.
aghast, adj. (ex)territus, perturbutus ; to
stand — , stupire.
agile, adj. agllls, velox, pernix. agility,
n. = nimblencss, agilltas, pernlcltas, velocltus.
agitate, v.tr. 1, = to move hither and thither,
to move greatly, agllare, quatere (= to shake), ro-
tate, circumagire (=.to drive round), (com)movere,
(con)turbare ; 2, = to excite, percuUre, perturb-
are, commovere, percellere ; 3, = to discuss, to — •
a question, rem or de re agcre, disputare, disserere;
sol{l)lcitarc (—to stir up), alqm excitare (by
speech), agitation, 1, agitatiojactutus, -us, jac-
tutlo (as of the sea), concussus, -us, concussio; —
of the body, corjxiris ruotus, -lis, comb, agilatlo
inotusque corporis; to bo in — , moveri, agitari ;
2, — of mind, animi motus, commotio, concitatio ;
strong ■ — , animi perturbatio ; to be under — ,
perturbatum esse; 3, of a question, dlsputatlo.
agitator, n. turhator plebls or vulgi ; to be au
— , rebus uovis studere.
ago, adv. abhlnc; thirty days — , (jam)
abhinc triginta dlebus, or abhlnc triginta dies,
ante triginta dies ; long — , jam pr idem.
agony, n. 1, of body, dolor, aegrotatlo ; 2,
of mind, aegrltudo, dolor, agonize, I. v.intr.
(exy.ruciari, torqueri. II, v.tr. (ex)cruciare, 'tor-
quere.
agrarian, adj. agrarius.
agree, I. v.intr. = to be of one mind and
voice, coucineVe, conspirare, conseniire, con-
gruere; not to — , dissenlire, dlscrepare de re:
II. v.tr. 1, to — upon, alci rei assentiri, de alqd
re congruere, idem sentire ; to — upon terms, eon-
ditlones accipere ; 2, to — with, salubrem aid esse ;
not to — , gravem esse, agreement, n. 1, con-
senslo, consensus, -iis, concordia, unanimitas (opp.
discordla); 2, — a compact, pactum; to strike
an — , alqd cum alqo paclsci. agreeable, adj. 1,
= pleasant, acceptus, grains, dulcis, suavU ; 2, =
witty, lepidus, facetus ; 3, — to, alci rei or ud
alqd uccommodatus, aptus, alci rei or cum alqa re
conveniens.
agrioulture, n. agri (agrorum) cultnra (or
as one word, agricultnra), or agri cultio (or as
one word), or agrorum cultus, -iis. agricul-
tural, adj. rusticis rebus deditus. agricul-
turist, n. arator, agrlcola, in., agri cultor (or
as one word, agricultor).
aground, adv. 1, in vado (=on the shoal),
in litore, in scopulis (= on the rocks), in syrtibus
(— on the quicksands) ; 2, fig- in luto esse, in
dlfficultalibus versari.
aguo, n. febris intermittens.
ah! ah! aha! interj. eu, euge.
ahead, adv. = before, ante ; to go — , aufeire,
praeire; to run — , praecurrire ; to swim — ,
praenutare ; to sail — , praevehi.
aid, Z. n. 1, =help, auxilium, adjumentum,
subsiihum (esp. = resource) opem(n. ops and dat.
opi not used); 2, = a tax, vectigal. II. v.tr.
ail
638
aim
auxilinm alci afferre, alci adesse or pfaesto esse,
alqm (ad)juvare.
ailing, adj. aeger; see Sick.
aim, I. u. 1, meta (= the goal) ; scopos, -i (=
mark. Suet); to lis an — , alqd latere; 2, fig.
2^roposilnm ; to propose an — to yourself, finctn
sibi proponcre; what is the — of this? quorsum
haec spectant? II. v.tr. 1, telum collineare, tehim
diri'jerc or intendire in alqm or alqd, tclo petcre
aim or alqd; 2, fig. alqd (animo) intendire,
spectare, perlinire ad alqd (e.g. these things — at
concord, haec ad concordiam spectant).
air, .1. n, 1, cctc!i<m(=the whole atmosphere);
air (accus. sing, aera, = d?jp, the atmosphere near
the earth), aether (= aXS-gp, the upper air), aura
(= breeze), ventus (= the wind), spiritus, --us ( =
breath of air, or life), anima (= the breath of life) ;
to take — (i.e. of a secret), emanare ; 8, = ap-
pearance, vultus, -us (= the look of the face),
asj)ech{$, -us, alcjs or alcjs rei species, forma, fades;
to have an — of any kind, se gerere with adv.
(e.g. honeste) *£ praibere with adj. (e.g. talem);
to give oneseli — s, sejactare or ostentare : 3, = a
tune, modus '.milieus), cantus, -its. II, r.tr.
ueri exponere, veniilare, airy, adj. aerius,
aetherius, aeri expositus. airiness, n. by adj.
(e.g. the — of a place, locus ventis expositus.
aisle, n. ala (side), spatium medium (mid).
akin, adj. propinquus, a{d)nnatus (on the
fathers side), cognatus (on the mother's) ; to be
near — , arta propinquitate alci conjunciuin esse,
alci finitivium esse.
alabaster, I. n. alabastrites, -ae, m. II. adj.
ex alabojtritdfactus; an — box, alabaster, or ala-
bastra (pi. neut.).
alack! alack-a-day ! interj. eheu, vaemihi.
alacrity, n. 1, = quickness, pernicitas, ve-
locitas; 2,— cheerfulness, alucritas, hilaritas.
alarm, I. n. ?., strepitus, -its (=a loud noise
rhich calls out men and beast), lurba(— confu-
sion), tumultvs, -iis(= uprising and Uproar, as in
an insurrection) ; comb, strepitus ct tumultvs; U-
give — of fire, incendium conclamare ; to sound
the—, classicum canere ; from — , prae strepitu ; to
be in — , trepidure; 2, = fear, terror, Irepidatio ;
see Afraid, Fear. II. v.tr. ccnturbare, terrere.
alas ! alas a-day ! see Alack.
album, a. liber.
alcove, n. zotheca.
alder, I. n. abuts, f. II. adj. alneus.
alderman, n. magistrates, -us, more de-
finitely according to context (i.e. if the — is
mentioned as a judge, judex).
ale, n.' ccr(e)vi$ia (a Gallic word), ale-
house, n. caupona.
alert, adj. vigil, alacer; to be on the — , vigi-
km esse; see Alacrity.
algebra, n. * algebra.
alias, n. nomen alienum ; to assume an — ,
nomen sibi fingere.
alien? I. ad.i. (ab) alqo, alqd re, alci or alci rei
aUemu; see Abhorkknt. II. n. allegata, m. (=
born abroad), advena, m. and f. (—one who has
coine into a foreign land), alienate, v.tr. 1,
legal t.t. (rib) alicnare (= to make what is mine
strange to me or to make ft another's), vendere
(= to sell), vendtre el (ab) aHenare ; 2, = to
estrange, alqm ab nlqo alienor, alienation,
n. 1, (of goods), (ab) alienatio, venditio; — of a
part, deminutio de. alqa re ; 2, — of mind, mentis
alienatio or nlienata mens, vesania (= delusion),
insania (= loss of reason, madness), recordia (—
folly), delirium (= wandering), furor (—rage).
alight, v.intr. descenderc; — from a Tiois$,
ex equo descenderc.
alike, I. adv. pariter, acquc, eodem modo K
II. adj. similis.
alive, adj. vivas; to be — , in vitd or in vivis-
esse, rivcre. See Like.
all, adj. 1, = every, omnis ; 2, = the whole,
totus, solulus ; — together, cunctus, uni versus ; in
— respects, ex omne parte, plane, prorsus ; — the
best men, optimus qv.isquc ; at — , omnino, pror-
sus ; not much, if at — , non multum, avt nihil
omnino; not at — , minime ; in — , in summd
(e.g. absolvi in svmmd quat(t)twr sentcntiis, = to
lie acquitted by four votes in — ); taken together,
omnino (e.g. there were five in — , quiiupie
omnino erant).
allay, v.tr. lenire, levare, sedare, mitigarc.
allege, v.tr. to — in excuse, alqd alci ezen*
save ; see Assert, allegation, n. 1, affirmatio ;
2, = a charge, indicium, aceusatio.
allegiance, n. fides; to swear — , in verba
alcjs jv.ra.re ; to keep in one's — , alqm in officio
suo retinere.
allegory, n. allegorla (Quint.).
alleviate, v.tr. see Allay, alleviation,
n. levatio, mitigatio, levamen{tum).
alley, n. 1, of a house, ambulatio; 2, of a
street, angiporhts, -vs.
allot, v.tr. = to assign by lot, sortiri (= to cast
lots for), sorte legere. allotting, n. snrtitio ;
= to assign, (at)tribucre, assignare, addiccre,
adjudicare. allotment, n. 1, = act of allot-
ting, assignatio ; 2, = ground, ager, posscssio.
allow, v.tr. 1, = permit, sincre (subj. with
or without vt), pati (with ace. and inf.), permit-
tire alci (with id or inf.), concedere (= to yield
to a request) ; to — to go, siiierc abeat;2, —
concede, concedere, confiteri ; allowed — acknow-
ledged, spectatus, cognitus; 3, = to give, dare;
for a public object, decernere. allowable,
adj. concessus, licitus. allowance, n. 1, =
permission, concessio, permissio ; 2, = indul-
gence, indvlgentia ; to make — for, alqd con-
donare ; 3, = money, pecunia in alqd data.
alloy, I. n. = a spoiling, corruptio, depra-
vatio; without — , sincerus, punts. II. v.tr.
corrumperc, vitiare.
allude to, v.tr. = to refer to, signifieare
alqm or alqd, designare, describere. allusion,
n. significatio, mentio alcjs rei.
allure, v.tr. in or ad alqd allkere, invitare;
inescart (by a bait), alluring, adj. blandus,
dnlcis. allurement, n. invitamentv.mO=some-
thing inviting), incitamentum (= something im-
pelling); — s, illeeebrae,
ally, I. n. sociits, fbederatus ; faedere soemtns
(= united by treaty) ; relating to an — , socialis.
II. v.tr. foedus facire, alqm or alqd cum alqd
re conjungire, societatem cum alqo inivc ; to
— oneself, se cum alqo (con)jmigire, foedvs cum
alqo sancire. alliance, n. socictas, foedus,
■eris, n., matrimonial — , mcUrimonium.
almanack, n.fasti, -orum, ephemeris, -ulis, f.
almighty, adj. omnipoUns.
almond, n. amygdala, amygdalum; —tree,
amygdalus, f.
aimost, adv. prope, poem, fen, ferine, tantvm
non (e.g. tantum non bellum ante portas ct murum
end, = war was all but at the gates), ad (with
accus. = close to), circiter (about), hand multum
or won longe abfuit quin.
alms, n. stips, -is, f. (nom. not used), beneflcinp
(—a kindness), almoner, n. qui largitionibuc
praerst. almS-hOU3e, n. yfoc/iOtrop7i«()»(Jct.).
alo
639
ami
llioe, n. aloe, -es, f.
aloft, adv. sublime.
alone, I. adj. solus, wins, units solus; also
by units omnium or ex omnibus; sine arbitris,
remotis arbitris (— without witness). II. adv.
See Only.
along, I. adv. porro, protinus; get — with
you, abi, apage {te). II. prep, secundum,
praeter; to sail — , Utus or orum praeterrehi ;
— with, una cum.
aloof, adv. procul; to stand — from, se ab
alqd re removire.
aloud, adv. dare, clard voce, magnd voce,
summd voce. See Loud.
alphabet, n. lit(t)erarum nomina et con-
textus, -us, (Quint.). See Letter, alphabet-
ical, adj. in lit(t)cras digestus. Adv. I it( tier-
arum online.
already, adv. jam, jam turn, jam tunc, jam
ttt u, jamdudum, jampridem (= a long while ago).
also, conj. etiam, practerea (= besides), in-
super (=z moreover), quoque (always after the
word to which it refers), necnon (— moreover,
joins sentences), item, itidem (— again, in the
same way), et ipse, (e.g. Vespasiauo Titus films
successit, qui tt ipse Vespasianus diclus est = Ves-
pasian was succeeded by his son Titus, who
alsp received the name of Vespasian). If two
or more different qualities are ascribed to the
same subject or object, and the force of the
sentence lies in the difference, use idem for
also," (e.g. musici quondam iidem po'etae = of
old, musicians were also poets). See And.
altar, n. ara (= every slight elevation of
stone, &c), altaria, -ium (= a high altar) ; to raise
an — , arum slatuere, Deofacere aram.
alter, I. v.tr. (com)matare alqd in and de
alqa re ; immutare, (cou)verlere, novare (= to givo
a new form), emcndare, corrigcre (~ to take away
faults), variare(=. to change often), invertere (=
to turn upside down), corrumpere (= to falsify, a3
labulas publicas) ; what i3 done cannot be altered,
factum fieri infectum non potest. II. v.intr. con-
verti. To be altered, (com)mutari, immutari;
both minds and facts are much — , magna facta
est rerum et animorum commutatio ; he has not —
7io)i alius est ac fuit, est idem qui semjter fuit
alterable, adj. mittabilis ; adv. mutabiliter.
altering, alteration, n. (com)mutatio, im-
inutatio, conversio; varietas, vicissitude; — of
the weather, caeli varietas; — of fortune for-
tunae vicissitudines ; — of your opinion, mutatio
sententute.
altercation, n. altercatio,jurgium,rixa(=a
brawl, light); see Quarrel.
alternate, I. v.tr. 1, alqd cum alqo alter-
nare, vartare; to— rest and labour, oiiumlabore
varum; 2, v.intr. variari, vartare. II. adj.
altemus, mutuus ; adv. invicem, vicissim,mutuo
alternation, n. (per)mutalio, vicissitude.
alternative, I. adj. see Alternate. II. n.
consilium contrarium, ratio alci rei contr aria or
opposita ; peace or war is our only — , inter pacem
et bellum nihil est medium.
although, co\\\^tametsi, quanquam (quamq )
(gen. with the indie, as presupposing a fact),
etsi (presupposing a fact, use the indie. ; a sup-
position, the subj.), licet (with subj., with or
without id), quumvis (= however much), cum
(qitom, quum), = since, seeing, that, with subj.
altitude, n. altitudo.
altogether, adv. 1, = at the same time, u na
smut, eodem tempore, conjunctim (= in common
e.g. auxdtapeUre); 2, = all together, ad unuvl
omnes, cuncti, universi ; 3, = wholly, prorsus,
plane, oninino, penitus, funditus (esp. with
verbs of destroying) ; he is — made up of, totus
ex alqd re f actus est.
alum, n. alt'tmen. -..
always, adv. semper, omni tempore, num*
quum (nunq.) non; the best is — the last, opti-
mum quidque est itltimum ; I — do it, hoc fuccre
soleo.
amalgamate, v.tr. alqd (cum) alqd re (com)-
misccre. amalgamation, n. conjunctio.
amanuensis, n. a manu, (servus, Jot.), ab
epistulis (servus, Jet), qui pro alqo scribit.
amass, v.tr. (co)acervare, aggerare, accumu-
tare. Seo Accumulate, Heap.
amatory, adj. amalorius ; see Love.
amaze, v.tr. obstupefacere, percutere.r
amazed, adj. obstupefactus ; to be — , stupere,
(ob)stupesdre. amazing, adj. mints, immanis ;
an — quantity of money, immanes pecuniae.
Adv. vehementer, mirum in modum. amaze-
ment, n. stupor; see Astonish, Astound,
Wonderful. ,
amazon, n. 1, lit. Amazon; 2, fig. mulier
bellicosa.
ambassador, n. legatvs (as a deputy in
state affairs), orator (as a political deputy to de-
liver a verbal message).
. amber, n. electrum, sucinum (Plin.).
ambiguous, adj. anceps, ambiguus, dubius.
Adv. ambigue (e.g. dicire). ambiguity, n.
ambiguitas (e.g. verborum); see Doubt.
ambition, n. ambitio, laudis sludium, studi-
um cupiditasque honorum, contentio honorum,
cupido honoris or famae, aviditas or avaritia
gloriae, aestus quidam gloriae (sometimes merely
gloria, eg. alcjs gloriae favere and gloria duci).
ambitious, adj. ambitiosus, avidus gloriae or
laudis, cupidus honorum, laudis et honoris cupi-
dus, appetens gloriae; to be — , laudis studio
train, glorid duci; adv. cupide, or by adj.
amble, v.tr. lente procedure.
ambrosia, n. ambrosia, ambrosial, adj.
ambrosius.
ambush, n. insldiae (= the place and the
men)'; to lay in — , in insidiis (col)locare or dis-
ponire ; to lie in — , in insidiis esse.
ameliorate, v. tr. corrigHre (= to make right.)
emcndare (= to free from errors) ; to — your con-
dition, amplificare fortunam, augere opes.
amen! interj. itafiat! ratumestolcccl.amen.
amenable, adj. 1, alci rei obaediens; 2,
legal tt sub alcjs jus et jurisdictionem sub-
functus.
amend, I. v.tr. emendare, corrigcre. II.
v.intr. mores mutare (of morals), convalescere (of
health), amendment, n. correctio, emendalio.
amends, n. salisfactio, expiatio; to make
for, alqd expiare (of a crime), damnum "estitne.re
or resarcire (of a loss).
amethyst, n. amethystus (Plin.).
amiable, adj. suavis, dulcis, venustus, jucun-
dus. Adv. suaviter, jucunde. amiability, n.
suavitas, venuslas, jucunditas.
amicable, adj. sec Friendly.
amidst, prep, in medio (loco), in medial
(parte) alcjs rei; sometimes by ipse (e.g. in the
midst of the preparations for war, in ipso apw-
rata belli).
amiss, adv. male; there is something —
with me, mule mccum agitnr ; to use — , alqa re
perverse (ab)uti ; to take — , aegre or vwlcsta.
ferre, in malam partem accipere.
anim
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ammunition, n.(instrwnmta et) apparatus,
■fts belli, arma, ormn, tela, -orum.
amnesty, n. renin prueterilorum, impunitas,
incolumitus, /ides publiea (— the public safe-
guard), amneslia; to pass a general — ,omnium
factoritm tlictorumque. veniam et oblirionem .in
prrpetvum sancire.
among, prep, infer, ire (with abl.) ; from — ,
ex, tie ; — men, inter homines, in hominiints.
amorous, adj. 1, in good sense, avians,
umore incensits; 2, in bad sense, libidinosus.
Adv. maxima cum umore, libidinose. amor-
ousness, n. amor, libido.
amount, I. n. summa, vivum'= the capital) ;
the whole — , solidum; a not inconsiderable — ,
nummi non mediocris summae ; a great — of gold,
pecunia magna or grandis; a very great — , in-
credibilis pecuniae summa. II. v.intr. alqd effi-
cere; what does it — to, quae summa est; it
— s to the same thing, idem or par est, nihil in-
terest uirum.
amphibious, adj. animal cujus et in terra
et in aqud vita est.
amphitheatre, n. amphitheatrum.
ample, adj. ampins. Adv. ample, abunde.
amplitude, n. umplitudo. amplify,
ampiificare.
amputate, v.tr. praecidere (e.g. membra,
aurem, vianum, caput or cervices ulci), umputare
(caput alci). amputation, n. by the verb ;
i.e. to perform an — , (membrum) praecidere.
amuse, v.tr. deiectare, oblcctare. amusing,
adj. jucundus. Adv. jucunde. amusement, «.
delectatio, oblectatio, ollcchunentum.
anachronism, n. error de temporibus foetus.
analogy, n. analogia (ivaKoyia, translated
by Cicero comparatio proportioque) , similitudo.
analogous, adj. analogus, similis.
analysis, n. explicatio, explkalioet enodatio,
expositio. analyze, v.tr. explicare, expedire,
quasi in membra aiscerpere.
anapaest, n. anapaestus.
anarchy, n. licentla, pertnrbatio omnium
rerum, turba et confusin ; — (as a social state).
ciintos in qua" libido mullitudinis pro legibus est.
anarchical, adj. legibus covens. Adv. sine
legibus.
anathema, n. in civil affairs, to put a person
under — , aqud et igni interdicere alci; devotio,
anathema, -atis.
anatOir>y, n. anatomia; to practise — , inse-
cure aperireque humana corpora, anatomicrl,
adj. anatomicus. anatomize, v.tr. incidcrt
corpus wortui, rescindire urtus cuduveris. ana-
tomist, n. qui incidit, etc.
ancestor, n. unctor generis or gentis (■=
founder of a clan or family), unus e majoribus
(=a forefather), ancestors, ancestry, n.
priores, majores, patres. ancestral, adj. avipu,
proavitus.
anchor, I. n. ancora ; to cast ^, ancoram
jacire; the — holds, ancora subsistit ; to lie at
— , consiste're in ancoris or ad ancoras; to raise
— , ancoram or ancoras tollire or solvere; fig.
spes, auxilium (e.g. curia summum anxilium
omnium gentium, = the senate was the chief —
of all rations). II, v. tr. nuvemud ancoras deli-
gare. III. v.intr. see Lie at — . anchorage,
n, statio.
ancient, adj. antiquns ( a that which has
been of old), veins ( a that which lias existed
long), priscus(= primitive), lnveteratus(~ grown
Old), obsoletus ( = obsolete) ; the — s, vetercs,
antiqui, prisci, majores (= forefathers). Adv.
olim, aiiteu, antiquitus, patntm menlorid.
and, conj. et, que (enelit. unites things that
are aiike at least in aim and tendency, e.g. explo-
ratores centurionesque), utque, uc (only before con-
sonants). Sometimes "and'' does not appear
(e.g. horse and man, equi viri ; men and women,
viri muliercs ; also palri a lahonbus, consiliis,
periculis meis servata est = my native land
has been saved by my labours, counsels, and
dangers). Sometimes you must use the relative
instead of the copula (e.g. renit nuntius tpii
nuntiabat) ; also the participle (e.g. prodiens haec
locutus est, he went forward and said these
things) ; so urbe relictd in villain se recepit = he
left the city and betook himself to his country-
seat. Also a conjunction (e.g. Xanthippus cum
Carthaginiensibus auxilio missus esset, fortiler se
defendit = Xan. was sent to assist the C. and
bravely defended himself). And also, et quorpie,
nee non, idemque or et idem (e.g. musicus idemipte
philosophus) ; and so, itaque ; and yet, et tamen ;
and not, neque, nee, et non (the former to negative
a sentence ; the latter, a word) ; and yet, nee(e.g.
quidam se simulant scire, nee quidquam scinnt,
some pretend to know, and yet know nothing) ;
and no one or nothing, nee quisquam, quidquam ;
and never, nee unquam (umq.); = but, autem
(e.g. I do this, and you that, ego hoc facio, tv
autem, etc.).
anecdote, n. dictum, fabula, fabella.
anemone, n. anemone, -es, f.
anew, adv. denuo, de or ab integro.
angel, n. angelus.
anger, I. n. ira, iracundia, bilis(— the gall),
stomachics (= temper), indignutio; outbreaks of
— , irae, iracundiae ; from — , prae ira; in or
through — , per iracundiam, iratus, cum ird.
II. v.tr. lacessere, iram, bilem or slomachum alci
morere. angry, adj. iratus, ird incensus, accen-
sus, or inflammatns, iracundus ; to make angry,
iram ov bilem or stomachum alci morere. Adv.
irate, iracunde.
angle, I. n. 1, ungulus ; 2, = an instru-
ment for fishing, hamus. II. v.tr. 1, piscari,
hamo pieces capire, arundine pisces capture;
2, fig. to — after, alqd capture, cucupari ; see
Fish, angler, n. piscator.
anglican, adj. use Britannicus.
anguish, n. cruciatus, -its, tormentum, dolor;
see Ache.
angular, adj. angularis, angulatus.
animadvert, v.tr. 1, = to observe or con-
sider, animadrertere, cognoscere, sentire, videre,
perspicere, (ob)serrare ; 2, = to punish, punire,
in alqm animadrertere ; 3, = to criticize,
judicure.
animal, I. n. animal, bestia (opp. homo), belua
( = one of the larger animals), pecus, \ lecudis, f. ( =
a head of cattle, opp. to pecus, peeoris, n. = a
flock) ;(fie/wa)/«r«(=wild— ); a little— ,bestiola.
II. adj. by circumloc. (e.g. — life, vita quae eor-
pore et spiritu continetur) or merely eorpue, opp.
animus, (e.g. animal pleasures, corporis volup-
tates); a peculiar to animals, belitarum or pecu-
dum (e.g. hoc est beluarnm). animalcule, n.
by circumloc. animal exigui corporis, etc.
animate, I. v.tr. 1, = to give life to, ani-
mare ; 2, fig. a to make lively, exciture, incitnre;
— his courage, unimnm eriQ&rc. II. adj. oni-
malis, animutus. animated, adj. 1, lit. ani'
mnhts ; 2, fig. = lively, vegelws, placer; — by
anything, alqd re ince'nsus. animation, n.
alacritas, vehementia.
an)
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animosity, n. odium, invidia, ira, simttllas.
ankle, ankle-bone, n. talus, anklet,
n. periscelis, -idis, f.
annals, 11. annaks, -ium, m., monumenta
rerum gestarum.
annex, v.tv. 1, = to add to, alqd alci rei or ad
alqd (adjjungere, adders. 2, = to conquer, alqd
alci rei s'ub(j)iccre ; to — a country, in ditionem
sudm redigere. annexation, n. 1, adjunctio,
accessin, appositia ; 2, of a town, expttgnatio (by
storm).
annihilate, V.tr. deters, ex(x)tinguere (as a
light, e.g. alcjs salutem), ercidere, tollere, fim-
ditus tollere. ' annihilation, n. ex(s)tindin,
inteHlns, -us, exeidium.
anniversary, n. sacra, -arum, auniversaria
(=; festival), festi tlies anniversarii.
annotate, v.tr. annotare (Pliu.). annota-
tion, n. annotatio.
announce, v.tr. (repvuntiars, indicate.
announcement, n, (repmntiatio.
annoy, v.tr. molesliam alci afferre or exhibere,
vexare, torquSre; — with requests, alqm precibus
fatigare. annoyance, n. 1, mokstia.vexalio,
cruciatus, -lis ; 2, = a trouble, onus, -cris, n., in-
commodum.
annual, adj. a n nu us,anniversarius( = taking
place every year). Adv. quota nnis. annuity,
7i. annua petunia. annuitant, n. qui an-
nuatn pectin iam accipit.
annul, v.tr. 1, legal t.t. legem tollere, abro-
aare, abolere; to — a contract (dis)solvere. 2,
in gen. tollere, delere.
anr. iilar, adj. in orbem circumactus.
anodyne, n. quod dolorem mitigat.
anoint, v.tr. unguere. anointing, n.
vnctio.
anomaly, n. anomalia (Varr.). anomal-
ous, adj. anomalus (Gram.).
anon, adv. brevi (tempore), mox; ever and — ,
interdutn.
anonymous, adj. sine nomine; — poems,
carmina incertis auctoribus vulgata.
another, pron. alius; at — time, alio tern-
pore; — Cato ( = a new), novus Cato ; one says
one thing, another — , alius aliud dicit ; one
— , alius alium, inter se. (e.g. they fear one — ,
inter se timent), or (of two persons) alter—
alterum.
answer, I. n. 1, in gen. responsum ; 2, to a
charge, defensia, exensatio ; 3, a written — , rescrip-
turn ; 4, of an oracle, oracitltim, sors, sortis, f. ; 5, —
to prayer, alqd precibus impetratum. II. v.tr. 1, in
gen. alqd alci or ad alqd respondere ; 2, by letter,
alqd alci rescribrrc ; 3, to a charge, se defenders,
excusare; 4, of an oracle, responsum dare ; to bo
answered, mihi respoiiditiir; to — toone's name,
ad nometi respondere ; to — an objection, abpl
refutare ; to — for, alqd praestare, see Surety ;
to — to, alci rei respondere ; see Agree. III.
v.intr. = succeed, res alci succedit, bene evetiire.
answerable, adj. 1, = agreeing with, alci
rei conveniens, conyrueus, consentaneus. 2, =
accountable, alcjs rei auctor, alqd praestans ; —
to anyone, qui alci de alqd re rationcm reddit.
ant, n. formica, anthill, formicarum cuni-
cuius.
antagonist, n. adversaritts (in every rela-
tion), qui contra dicit, qui contra disputat, qui alci
cutversatur; iste( — the opponent in a law-suit);
see Adversary.
antarctic, adj. 1, lit. antarclicvs (late) ;
2, fig- gelidissimus.
21
antecedent, adj. anlecedens, praecedens,
prior; antecedents, antccedentia, -ium, pi., prae-
terita, -orum, pi. (= past events). Adv. antea,
prius.
antechamber, n. vestibulum (= the open
place in front, of a Roman house where visitors
assembled).
antechapel, n. pronaus.
antediluvian, adj. 1, = old, priscus, anlir
qvus ; 2, = old-fashioned, obsolttus.
antelope, n. see Dicer.
antenna, n. corniculum (V\in.).
anterior, adj. antecedens, praecedens, prior,
superior, proximus.
anthem, n. cantus, -iis.
anthropoid, adj. homiui similis.
anthropomorphic, adj. Deum humanum
corpus habere fingens.
anticipate, v.tr. 1, anticipare ( = to do
before), praecipere; 2, ex(s)pectare (= expect).
anticipation, n. 1, = expectation, ex(s)pectu-
tio, spes ; 2, = a doing beforehand, by verb,
Anticipate.
antics, n. ludi,joca, -orum,ridicula, -orum,
mtgae.
antidote, n. antidotus, antidotum (Cels.),
remedium ; against anything, alcjs rei or ad.
antipathy, n.l, of things, rerum discordia,
repugnantia ; 2, of persons, odium.
antipodes, n. 1, lit. antipodes, -um (late) ;
2, tig. = the opposite, by adj. adders its, con-
tra rius.
antiquary, antiquarian, n. rerum auti-
quorum sludiosus. antiquated, adj. obsoletns.
antique, I. adj. antiquus. II. n. opus anti-
quum, res antiqua, monumenturn antiquum, an-
tiquity, n. antiquitas.
antithesis, n. 1, rhet. t.t. content io; 2,
fig. = the opposite, contrarium.
antler, n. cornu.
anvil, n. incus, -udis, f.
anxiety, n. angor, anxietas, pavor, sol(l)ici-
tudo, trepidatio.iimor. anxious, adj. a?u:ii<s,
sol(ljicitus ; to be — , de alqd re anxium esse,
angi. Adv. anxie, sol(l)icite.
any, I. pron. quisquam (hi neg. sentences and
questions) ; cruilibel, quivis( = any you please);
quis (only after si, ne, num, quo, qttanto, nisi);
ecquis (in impassioned questions). II. adj.
ullus (in neg. sentences and questions), tftiilibet,
quids (= any you please), ecqui (in impassioned
questions) ; — one, aliqnis, quispiam ; at — turn,
aliquando, qnando (after si, ne, num); unqttam
(in neg. questions and sentences); — where.
alicubi, ubivis, usquam (in neg. questions and
sentences).
apace, adv. ecleriter.
apart, adv. by prefix se (e.g. se— cerncre),
separatim. apartment, n. see Room.
apathy, n. socordia (not in Cic. or Caes.),
nequitia. apathetic, adj. hebes; sec Laky.
ape, I. n simia; a litHe — , simiolus. II.
v.tr. abpn imitari ; sec Imitate.
aperient, n. and adj. by alvi dejectionem
(aim) purgationem (petere, etc.).
aperture, n. see Oteninq.
apex, n. apex.
aphorism, n. sententia, dictum, elogium, .-.
apiary, n. alrearium, mellarium.
apiece, adv. by distrib. numeral (e.g. deni,
ten-).
apo
642
are
apologist, n. defensor, apology, h. 1,
s= defence, defensio; 2, = excuse, excvsatio.
apologize, v.intr. alqd exatsare. apolo-
getical, adj. by verb, qui se excusat, etc.
apologue, n. apolagus.
apophthegm, n. elagium, sententia, dictum.
apoplexy, n. apopUxis, apoplexia (late),
apostle, n, apostolus.
apostrophe, n. 1, rliet. t.t. apostrophe; 2,
grammat. t.t. apostrophis (late), apostro-
phize, v.tr. see Address.
apothecary, n. medicus.
appal, v.tr. terrere; see Frighten.
apparatus, n. apjxiratus, -us.
apparel, n. i^estis, vestimentitm.
apparent, adj. 1, = evident, manifeslus,
apertus, clams; to make — , patefacere, aperire;
2, opp. to real, opinatus, Jictus, simulatus. Adv.
aperto, manifeste, evidenter. apparition, n.
I, = appearance, advent us, -its ; 2, = a spectre,
alcjs simulacrum, species.
appeal, I. v.intr. 1, legal t.t. alqm appellare.
ad alqm provocare ; 2, = to refer to, alqm testari.
II. n. 1, appellatio, prorocatio ; court of — ,
judices penes quos provocatio est; 2,= entreaty,
preces, -iim, t, deprecatio. appealing, adj.
supplex ; in an — voice, suppliciter.
appear, v.intr. 1, = become visible, appar-
ere, in conspectum venire, conspiri (= to be seen),
se offerre ; it — a to me, mihi videt.nr; to — pub-
licly, in publicum prodire; to — , = to lie present,
adesse ; — to exist, ex{s)istere ; to — in court, in
judicium venire : 2, = to seem, rideri. ap-
pearance, n. i, — arrival, adventns, -vs ; 2,
legal t.t. — surety, vadimonium ; 3, = a thing
shown, ? - es objecta, visum, species; 4, = personal
— , corporis habitus, -us ; in — , = under pretext
of, sub specie; to put on an — , slmulare (with
ace. and infin.) ; in all — , verisimillimum est
(with ace. and infin.).
appease, v.tr. 1, = — a deity, placare ; 2, =
— a man, placare, (re)conciliare ; 3, =to —
hunger, famem explere, depellere. appeasable,
adj. placabilis ; — in character, -ingenium placa-
biie. appeasement, n. placalio, reconciliatio.
appellant, n. qui provocat.
append, v.tr. adder e, adjwng&re, figure,
(afyigire alqd alci rei, allignre. alqd ad rem. ap-
pendage, -ant, n. appendix, -ids, f., accessio,
alqd alci rei additum. appendix, n. appendix,
additamentum ; — of a book, quaedam K&ro
addita. See Add, Attach.
appertain, v.tr. see Belong.
appetite, 1, physical, fames, -is ; to have
no — , cibum fastidire ; 2, — desire for, alcjs
cupiditas, aviditas, appelitus, -us.
applaud, v.tr. (ap)plaudere alci, plausu or
plansibus alqm ercij/:re. applause, n. («p)-
plavsus, -us; see Praise.
apple, n. malum; — tree, mains, f.
apply, I. v.tr. 1, = to put or fit to, alqd alci
rei or ad alqd applicare, aptare, accovimodare ; 2,
= to use for, mllocare in alqtX re, conferre ait alqd,
trihvpre alqd alci rei, nlqd ad alqd dirfgire, (ron)-
vertcre. II. v.intr. = to turn or go to, se conver-
tire, conferre ad alqm, adire or oonvenire alqm,
appellare alqd, confugcre ail alqm, sc appli-
care ad alqm. appliance, n. apparatus, -us,
instrumentum. application, n. 1, = request,
address, appellatio, provocatio, petitio ; 2, =
putting to, adjunctio, conjunctions-) - , 3, — of
the mind, cinimi intentio, diligentia ; 4, = of a
■word, significa.tio. applicable, adj. utilis;
to be — to anything, ad alqd pi rtinrre.
appoint, v.tr. constituerc, destinare (= id
make fast), designare (= to order), cligcre (— to
choose) ; to — a day, diem statuere, constitv.ere,
dicire. appointment, n. 1, = designation, by
verb; e.g. — of consuls, consulcs designare; 2,
— an office, munus, -eris, n. ; 3, = command,
jussum, mandatum ; 4, = agreement to meet, by
verb, cum alqo convenirc ut.
apportion, v.tr. dispertire, distribvire, dis-
pensare, disponere, assignare(e.g. multibus agros).
apposite, adj. conveniens, accommodatus.
Adv. convenienter, accommodate.
appraise, v.tr. = to fix the value of, aesti-
mare, censere (the censor's act). See Value.
appreciate, v.tr. aestimare; — highly,
alqm magni faccre.
apprehend, v.tr. 1, = to lay hold on, pre-
hendere, apprehendere ; 2, = to take in mentally,
comprehendere, complect i (avimo or mentc), cogita-
tione (mente) concipere, intellegere ; 3 = fear ; see
Fear, apprehension, n. 1, = arrest, com-
prehensio ; 2, =mental — , comprehensio, intel-
legentia (intellig.); 3, = fear, timor; see Fear.
apprehensive, adj., see Timid.
apprentice, I. n. alci (e.g. svtori) addictiu.
II. v.tr. alqm alci addiccre.
approach, I. v.intr. ad alqm or alqd ac-
cedcre, alci or old rei appropinqvare ; of time,
appropinquare ; to — the truth, propc ad veri-
tatem accedere, a veritate non multum (diesse. II,
n. appropinquatin, adventns, -us, aditHS, -us.
appropriate, I. v.intr. l, = to give, alqd
(dei dedicare; 2, = to claim, alqd sihi or ad se.
rindicare, alqd sihi arrogare, alqd sinrm facerr.
II. adj. atl alqd or alci rei idoneus, uptus, accom-
modatus, cum alqd re conveniens, congrueiis. Adv.
accommodate, convenienter. appropriation,
n. 1, legal t.t. (agrorum) assignatio, (bonorum)
additio ; 2, in gen. by verb Appropriate.
approve, v.tr. 1, in gen. (com)probare ; 2, =
legal t.t. alqd rat urn facere or ratttm esse jubere,
sancire; 3, =to — oneself, se (fidum, etc.)
praeblre. approved, adj. probatus, spectatus.
approver, n., legal t.t. index, -icis, in. and f.
approval, n. see Approbation, approba-
tion, n. (com)prolmtio ; with someone's — , alqo
auctore, alcjs auctoritate, pace tvd, sud, etc.;
without — , alcjs injussu, sine alcjs auctoritate.
approximate, v.tr. & adj. see Approach,
Near.
April, n. Aprilis (mensis) ; to make an — '•
fool of, alqm Ivdibrio habere.
apron, n. subligaculum.
apt, adj. 1, see Appropriate ; 2, = ready,
liabilis ; — to learn, docilis. Adv. convenienter ;
= cleverly, perite, collide, aptitude, n. facul-
tas (with gen. or adj.).
aquatic, aqueous, adj. aquatilis. aque-
duct, n. aquae ductus, -us ; also aqua alone ; to
form an — for the city, aquam in urbem ducere.
aquiline, adj. adunms.
arable, adj. araMUs. See Plough.
arbiter, n. arbiter, disceptator.
arbitrate, v.tr. alqd disceptare, dijudicare.
arbitration, n. arbitrinm. arbitrary, adj.
1, = unbounded, infinitus, summits; 2, = capri-
cious, inconstans ; 3= proud, superbus. Adv.
Buperbe. arbitrariness, n. superbia.
arbour, n. umbraculum, ramorum nexus, -its.
arc, n. orcus, -its. arcade, n. portions, -iis, f,
arch, I. i). areas, -vs, fornix. II. v.tr.
arcvare, conformicare. III. v.intr. arcuarl; see
Ci'RVK. IV. adj. prtitlnm. V. in conip. ; -
are
643
asc
chief; —angel, * arehangelus ; — bishop, *archi-
episcopus (Eccl.).
archaeology, h. rerum antiquarum scien-
lia. archaism, n. verbum obsoletum.
archer, n. Sagittarius, archery, n. by
verb (e.g. angiitis alqd petere).
architect, n. =: master builder, archi-
tectus. architecture, n. arcliitectura.
archives, n. 1, (private) tab(u)linwn= the
place where papers are kept; 2, (public) tabulae
publicae.
arctic, adj. septentrionalis(e.g. regio, occasus).
ardent, adj. ardent, fervens, acer. Adv.
aeriter, ardenter.
ardour, n. ardor, fervor, aestus, -us.
arduous, adj. arduus, difficilis.
area, n. superficies.
arena, n. arena (lit. and fig.).
argue, v.tr. 1, = to dispute, verbis con-
tendere, concertarc, disputare ; 2, = to give or
draw a conclusion, arguere, condudere, colligere.
argument, 1, in gen. argumentum ; 2, = sub-
ject-matter, sententia, argumentum.
arid, adj. aridus, siccus.
aright, adv. recte, bene. See Rioht.
arise, v.intr. emergere(= to come up out of),
exorin, ex(s)istere (of distinguished men). See
Risk.
aristocrat, n. 1, = a noble, unus e nobili-
bus or patriciis ; 2, = defender of the aristocracy,
optimatium fautor. aristocracy, n. 1, = the
nobles, optimates, -(i)um, m. and {., patricii,
mobiles : 2, = a form of government, optimatium
domimtus, -us. aristocratical, adj. quod
ad optimates pertinet, or by gen. optimatium.
arithmetic, n. arithmetice, -es, f., or arith-
metica, -ae, f., or arithmctica, -orum, arith-
metical, adj. arithmeticus. arithmetician,
n. arithmeticus.
ark, n. area.
arm, I. n. 1. lit. brachium (from the elbow-
to the wrist) ; lacertus (from the elbow to the
shoulder) ; bone of — , radius brachii ; to take
into — s, alqm complecti ; to sink into anyone's
— s, manibus alcjs excipi; 2, fig. (of the sea),
brachium: (of a hill), ramus; (of a harbour),
cornu. II. v.tr. armare, lit. and fig. Ill,
v.intr. armari, arma capere. armed adj
armatus. arm-chair, n. use sella (= chair)'
or kctus, torus (= couch), armistioe, n. in.
dutiae. armour, n. arma, -orum, pi. ; _
bearer, armiger. armourer, n. faber armo-
rum. arm-pit, n. ala. armoury, n. ar-
mamentarium, arms, n. arma, -orum tela
-orum (of missiles esp., but also of swords, etc.)'
without arms, iacrmis; to run to — , ire ad
arma; to — ; ad arma! to lay down — , arma
deponere; to be under — , in amis esse; to
bear — against, arma fern contra alqm; to
enter a country in — , arma inferre terrac.
army, n. exercitus, -us, copiac, milites, -urn,
vu-es, -turn, f. ; — in marching array, agmen ; —
m battle-array, acies.
aromatic, adj. odorus, odoratus, suavis.
around, I. adv. circa, dram; in composi-
tion with a verb, circum (e.g. to look — , circum-
spuxre). II. prep, circa, circum witli accus.
See A no it.
arouse, v.tr. 1, lit. (e somno) excitare; 2,
ng. excitare, (compnovcre.
arraign, v.tr., see Accuse.
arrange, v.tr. ordinare, componere, dispon-
ire; — m order of battle, aciem instrulre, collo-
care, eonsliluert, instruere ; to — troops, capias
instruere. arrangoment, n. 1, rhet t.t.
comjwsitio, dispositio (of words or sentences) ; 2,
in gen. constitutio, ratio ; by part. (e.g. a good
— of anything, res bene disposita, instructa,
etc.).
arrant, adj. by superl. or summus. Adv.
superl. ofudv. or turpi ter, foede.
array, I. n. 1, see Arrangement ; 2,
battle — , acies; 3, = dress, vestis. II. v.tr.
1, see Arranoe ; 2, = to dress, vestire ; fig.
ornare, vestire.
arrears, n. pecuniae residuae; to be in —
with, legal t.t. alqd reliquare (Jet.).
arrest, v.tr. comprehendere, in vinculo-
con(j)icere; to put under — , ■ compreliendere,
in custodiian dare.
arrive, v.intr. advenire,pervenire,adventare.
arrival, n. adventus, -its, acctssus, -us.
arrogant, adj. arrogans, insolens, superbus,
elatus alqd re. arrogance, n. arroganlia, su-
perbia. Adv. arroganter, superbe. arrogate,
v.tr. sibi arrogare, (as)sumere.
arrow, n. sagitta.
arsenal, n. armamentarium; naval — ,
navalia, -ium.
arsenic, n. arsenicum. <■
arsis, n. sublatio (Quint), nrsu (late).
art, n. 1, — skill, ars, artificium. ; merely
mmtal, sciciitia, pertiia, studium alcjs rei ; 2,— aii
—, ars (e.g. pingemU),disciplina; the Rue— s, arte*
ingenuae ; — and sciences, stadia et artes ; 3, =
a trick, ars; by — or cra{t,per dolam et fraiutem.
artful, adj. callidus, versutus, vafer, aslutus.
Adv. astute, callide. artfulness, n. astutia,
dolus, artificer, n. 1, in gen. artifex; 2, —
creator, auctor. artificial, adj. artificiosus.
Adv. arte or per artem. artisan, n. opifex, faber.
artist, n. pveta, pictor, etc., or opifex = artisan,
as among the Romans art was not always in-
cluded in the artes liberales. artistic, adj.
(in^enHarnm.) artium amator or studiosus. ar-
tistically, adv. arte, summa arte, artless,
adj. simplex, ingenuns. Adv. ingenue, simpliciter,
sine arte, artlessness, n. simplicitas.
artichoke, n. cinara (Col.).
article, I. n. 1, in gen. res; 2, = condi-
tion, condicio (e.g. jxwis); 3, = law, lex (e.g. lex-
■militaris). II. v.tr., see Apprentice.
articulate, I. v.tr. prontunUan. II. adj.
clarus. Adv. dare, articulation, n. 1, of
words, pronuntiatio ; 2, of limbs, artus, -uum,
urticatus.
artillery, n. (=the larger offensive weapons)
tormenta -orum, (comprising the ktllistae and
catapultae).
as, adv. and conj. 1, in gen. by double compara-
tive (e.g. he is not — brave as ho is good, vielior
est quamfortior); idem (he is — friendly as ever,
idem est amicus qui, etc.), aeque cum, a'lqo or et,
atque; et — et(=— well as); — far as I can,
quoad ejusfacere possum; — quickly as possible,
quam cchrrime; — much again, alteram tan-
turn; — many as, quotcumque; — far as I
know, quod sciam ; 2, = like, insta>\ alcjs rei,
tanquam, ui or by adv. (e.g. to behave as a fool;
stulte) ; by a noun in apposition (Caesar — con-
sul, Caesar consul); 3, as to, de alqd re, ad alqd;
quod ad alqd pertimt ; 4, of time, ubi, ut, cum
(<Zuo»i); — often — , quotie(n)s tolie(n)s ;■ ~- long "
— , tarn diu — quam; — soon — , simul ac; 5,
causal, quoniam (indie), cum (subj.) ; 6,= as
if, tanquam (tamqj si, won aliter quam si. .'
ascend, v.tr. in or ad alqd a(d)scendire-
aso
644
aat
ascension, n. a(d)scensus, -us: ascent, n. 1,=
a hiil, locus editus ; 2, a going up, a(d)sccnsus, -us.
ascendancy, n. praestantia.
ascendant, n. by adj. summus ; to be in
the — , praevalcre, alci alqd re praestarc ; his star
Is in the — , summam gloriam adeptus est.
ascertain, v.tr. explorare, rem explaratam
habere.
ascetic, n. qui cibo abstinet.
ascribe, v.tr. alqd alci or alcirei, a(d)scribere,
tribuere, (uljungere ; — great value to, magnum
■pretium statnere rei.
ash, I. li. fraxinus, f. II. adj. fraxineus.
ashamed, adj. pudore affectus ; to be — ,
pudet alqm alcjs rei or inflri.
ashes, n. cinis, -eris, in., fuvilla ; to reduce
to — , ad or in cinerem redigcre; to lie in sack-
cloth and — , sordidatum or atratum esse, ashy,
adj. cinereus.
ashore, adv. 1, of rest, in litore ; 2, of
motion, in litus or tcrram ; to go — , (e nave)
exire ; to put men — , exponere.
aside, adv. seorsum, ex obliquo ; to go — ,
secedere; to Ci.ll — , alqm sevocare ; to lay — , alqd
seponere.
ask,' v.tr. alqm rogare, ex alqo quaerere, ex
alqo sciscitari, alqm alqd orare, petere, poscere,
flagilare (repeatedly) ; to — a price, indicare.
askance, adv. oblique ; to look — at, alq. .
limis oculis a(d)spicere.
aslant, adv. oblique, ex transversa.
asleep, adj. dormiens, in somno, persamnum.
asp, n. aspts, -idis, f., vipera.
aspect, n. 1, in gen. a(d)spectus, -lis, conspec-
tus, -iis; 2 (in astrology), aspectus siderum ; 3,
= condition, status, -iis, ratio, condicio.
asperity, n, asperilas, acerbilas.
asperse, v.tr. a(d)si>ergere, both lit. and fig.
aspersion, n. 1, lit. a(d)spersio ; 2, fig. calum-
nia, opprobrium ; to cast an — , calumninri.
asphalt, n. bitumen.
aspirate, I. n. a(d)spiralio. II. v.tr. a{d)s-
pirare.
aspire, v.intr. ad alqd a(d)spirarc, alqd seqtii
or j>ersequi, eniti, contendere, ojteram dare lit.
aspiration, n. after anything, alcjs rei ap-
petitio, contentio.
ass, n. 1, asinus; a little — , asellus; a female
— , asina ; 2, as a term of contempt, homo still-
tissimus. ass-driver, n. asinarius.
assail, v.tr. to — a town, oppngnnre. as-
sailant, u. qui alqm adoritur. assault, I.
n. 1. in gen. impetus, -its, inenrcus, -its ; 2, = —
of a town, oppugnatio ; 3, legal t.t. to charge
with — , alqm de vi reum facere ; to commit an
alci vimafferre. II. v.tr. see Attack.
assassin, n. stearins, assassination, n.
etudes facta ; toaceuse of — , accusare Inter stearics,
assassinate, v.tr. alqm ex tnsidiis interfictre.
assay, v.tr. see Try, Attempt.
assemble, I. v.tr. cagcre, congregarc, m,>-
vocare, cantrahe.re ; to — the people, contionem
convocare ; W» — troops, copias in nnum locum
cogere. II., r.intr. cogi, congregari, convenire,
coire, confluere. assembly, n. congregatio,
cohvocatio ; = the people assembled, conventus,
•iis, coetus, -us, conlio.
assent, l.n. assensio, assensm, -its. II. v.intr.
asstntire • — to anything, rei assenliri, asstntari,
alqd or de alqd re, cum alqo or inter se, convenire ;
to nod — , annuere.
assert, v.tr. (as an opinion) tenure, conten-
dere, affirmare, asseverare, dicere ; to — yotlV
right, jus tena-e. assertion, n. 1, stntentia,
tpinio, affirmatio ; 2, = maintenance, defensio,
vindicatio ; see Affirm.
assess, v.tr. tribulum alci impouerc, censere;
to be — ed at anything, alqd conferre. assess-
ment, n. aes«uHrt<io(=actof — )tributum, vecti-
gul (= tax), assessor, n. assessor ; — of taxes,
censor, assets, n. by bona, -orum.
assever, v. see Assert.
assiduous, adj. assiduus,sedulns,industrius,
acer, impiger, diligens. Adv. impigre, assidue,
Industrie, acriler, diligenter. assiduity, n.
assiduitas, sedulitas.
assign, v.tr. alci alqd assignare, attribuere.
assignation, n. 1, assignatio, attributio ; 2,
= appointment, constiluhtm; to keep an — , ad
constihitum venire.
assimilate, v.tr. 1, alqd cum alqd re (ad)ae-
quare, alqd alci rei similem facire ; 2, = to digest,
concoqucrc. assimilation, n. 1, aequalitas ;
2, concoctio.
assist, v.tr. anxilio (dci esse, auxilium ferre,
apitulari (— to bring aid), subvenire,adessealci(—
to stand by a person), assistance, n. auxilium
or adjnmentum ; to implore anyone's — , alcjs
fidem implorare. assistant, n. adjutor, adju-
trix ; — teacher, hypodidascalus, adjutor; =
colleague, collega, m. ; see Help.
associate, I. v.tr. faedus facere (= to make
an alliance), comitem (socitim) se alci adjungere, se
conjungere. II. v.intr. = to be associated,
foedere conjungi, esse cum alqo ; like — s with like,
pares cuni paribus facillime congregantw. III.
n. socins, sodalis, comes, -itis, m. and f., conscius.
association, n. societas, sodalitas, collegium ;
see Assembly.
assort, v.tr. (in gm.)digerere. assortment,
n. apparatus, -us, numcrus or by part. (e.g.
res or merces collectae, digestae, etc.) ; see Allot,
Apportion.
assuage, v.tr. mitigare, lenire, sedare. as-
suagement, ii. miligalio.
assume, v.tr. 1, = take to oneself, alqd
sibi vindicare, sibi arrogate, sumere, occupare ;
2, =s to take for granted, pone re ; this being
assumed, hoc posito or conccsso. assumption,
n. 1, = a taking, usitrpatio; 2, = arrogance, i?i-
solentia, arrayunlia, superbia: 3, = postulate,
by part. (e.g. hoc posito); this is a mere — , hoc
non est conjirmtdum.
assure, v.tr. = to assert the certainty of,
( pro certn) affirmare, asseverare ; be assured, creile
mihi. assurance, see Statement, Impudence.
assured, adj. = fearless, secmus; = certain,
certus, spectallis. Adv. certo, certe, hand dubie.
astern, adv. in or a puppe.
asthma, n. dyspnoea (Plin.). asthmat-
ic, adj. asthmatieus (Plin.).
astonish, v.tr. perturbare, conturbare. as-
tonished, adj. atlonitus ; to be — ,stupefaclnm
esse. astonishing, adj. mirabilis, minis,
mirific/llS. Adv. mire, mirifice, miribiliter.
astonishment, n. stupor, (ad)miratio.
astound, v.tr. see Astonish.
astray, adv. vage ; to be — , errare, vagari.
astringent, adj. a(d)strictorins. astrln-
gency, n. a{d)strictio.
astrologer, n. astrologns, Chaldaeus. as-
trology, n. astrologia.
astronomer, n. astroldgus. astronomy,
astrologia.
astute, adj. astvtiis, callidite.
asu
645
aut
asunder, adv. uorswai; in comp. by id's or
se (e.g. discurrere, sewcare).
asylum, n. asylum.
at, prep. 1, of place, ad, apttd, juxtu (with the
ace us. e.g. ad ostium, = at the door ; ad port ax, —
at the gate; ml Can nan = at Cannae); by the
abl. with or without in, (hi) urbe, = at the city ;
(in) initio, = at t lie beginning ; or by the ohl
locative case, liomae, = at Home; I.oiulini, = at
London ; Uudibus, = at Cadiz ; so domi, militias,
= at home, at service, etc. ; 2, of time, abl. eodem
tempore, — at the same time ; ad meridiem, — at
midday ; by occus. with apud, at my liouse, apud
me; = during, inter; at dinner, inter cenam
(coen.); at once, statin ; at first, prima, primum;
at last, postremo, (ad) postremum.
atheist, n. atheos (or -us), qui Deum esse
negat. atheism, n. * atheismus, doctrina Deum,
esse negans ; to hold — , Deum esse negare, nullum
esse omnino Deum putare.
athlete, n. athieta, in.
athwart, adv. transverse, in obliquum ; see
Across, Askance.
atlas, n. (in geography), use tabula* geo-
graph icae.
atmosphere, n. caelum, atmospheric,
adj. by the genitive ucris or caeli ; see Air.
atom, n. 1, phiL t.t. atomus -i, t. ; 2, see
PlKCE.
atone, v.tr. ahjd lucre, expiare, alqd (cum)
alqd re compensare, poenas alcjs rci dare or (ex)-
pendere. atonement, n. placatio, satisfuctio,
poena; — reconciliation, reditus, -us ingraliam.
atrabilious, adj. melancholicus.
atrocious, adj. nefatulus, nefarius, alrux,
immanis. Adv. atrociter, nefaric. atrocity, n.
I, of mental quality, immanitas, atrocitas ; 2,
= an atrocious thing, res atrox, etc.
atrophy, n. tabes, -Is, f.
attach, v.tr. 1, = fasten, figcrc, affiycreulqd
alci rei, alligare alqd ad rem; 2, = to make
prisoner, comprehendere, in vincula con(j)icere,
in custodiam dare; 3, — to make your friend,
conciliare, abpn sibifacere or reddere amicum ; to
be — ed, alcjs studiosum esse, attachment, n.
studium alcjs, amor alcjs or in alqm observ-
ant ia.
attack, I. ii. pelitio, impetus, -lis, incursio, in-
cursus, -fig, excursus, -us, concursus, -us, congressns,
■its, oppvguatio; at the lirst — , prima impetu,
primo congressu ; to make an — on the enemy,
impetum facer e in hostem. II. v.tr. petere, aggredi,
adoriri ( = to fall on), oppugnure( = to storm),
procurrere in alqm ( = to rush out on a foe),
signa inferre in hostem, incurrerc, invehi in
hostem ; to — with words, dicto or convicio,
lacessere, alqm insectari ; conscctari, adoriri ;
to be — ed by a disease, morbo corripi.
attain, v.tr. alqd assequi, consequi, ad ulqd
pervenire. attainable, adj. facilis, quod alqs
facile consequi potest, attainment, n. 1, =the
getting of anything, adeptio, comjxiralio ; 2, = a
piece of learning, alcjs rei scientia ; — s, doctrina,
eruditio. attainder, n, accusatio.
attempt, I. n. conatus, -us, conata, -orum,
II. v.tr. tentare, experiri, periclitari.
attend, v.tr. 1, = to accompany, alqm com-
ilari, esse alcjs coiuitem ; 2, — to wait upon a
dignitary, alci apparere; as a servant, alci
famulari, alqd. alci ministrare ; 3, = to frequent,
of lectures, etc., alqm audire ; 4, =pay atten-
tion to, alqd curare ; =to hear, audire, animad-
verlere ; Attend ! attende ; 5, = be present at,
adesse (e.g. sacris, public worship), attend-
ance, n. J, of servants, ministerUm; 2, = pres-
ence at, by verb aduse; a great — , frequentia,
attendant, it. 1, = companion, comes, -itis,
m. and f.,sucius; 2, = scrvant, sevens, minister,
famulus; 3, — the — sofa great, man, comilutus,
-us. attention, n. 1, = — of the mind, autmi
altentio, inteiUio, viyilantia; 2, = diligence, dili-
gentia, studium; to show — to, alqm colire, ob-
servare. attentive, adj. assiduus, vigil, dili-
gens, ultcutus, iiitentus, e rectus; to be — , aitimo
sequi alqd. Adv. attente, intente.
attenuate, v.tr. attenuare, extenuare,diluire.
attenuation, u. extenuutio.
attest, v.tr. 1, = prove, alqd testificari, (at)-
testari, testimouio conjirnuire, aid test i mo niu esse;
2, = to call to witness, alqm testari, testem fucere.
attestation, n. 1, = giving evidence, tcstifi-
catio ; 2, =a piece of evidence, testimonium.
attire, I. v.tr. induere alci veslem or alqm
vesle ; vestirc. II. n. vestis.
attitude, n. 1, corporis habitus, -us ; 2 =
circumstances, cotulicio, status, -iis ; 3, = men-
tal — , (mentis) ratio.
attorney, n. procurator.
attract, v.tr. ullruhere, adse truhere, allicere.
attraction, U. 1, vis attrahendi; 2, = an at-
tractive object, oblectamenlum. attractive,
adj. jucundus, suavis. Adv. juciuule, suaviter.
attribute, I. n. 1, nota, insigne; to bear
the — s of royalty, insignibus regiis uti; 2,
(in gram.) altributio, attribution; 3, = pecu-
liarity, proprium, natura, vis. II, v.tr. at-
tribute.
attrition, n. by verb tcrcre.
attune, v.tr. lit. and llg., ejjicire ul alqd cum,
alqd re concinat.
auburn, adj. ftavus.
auction, ii. audio ; to sell by — , auctionari ;
to sell hy public — , hastd posild auctionari; to
bid at an — ,liccri; to be knocked down at an — ,
alci addici. auctioneer, n. mugister audionis,
praeco ( — the crier of bids, etc.).
audacious, adj. procax,prolervus, impudens.
Adv. impudentcr, proterve. audacity, n. pro-
cacitas, protervitus, impuilentia.
audience,' n. 1, = hearing of anyone, ad-
missio, aditus, -us, ad alqm, colloquium ; 2,
= hearers, auditores, audientes, corona (esp. of
crowd round a public speaker) ; a large — ,
(mugna) audienliumfrequentia. audible, adj.
quod audi ri potest. Adv. clard voce, audit, v.tr.
rationem ducere, habere, inire, or ra.tiones cum
ulqoputare. auditor, n. qui rationes ducit.
augment, v.tr. alqd alqd reaugere, amplifi.
care, addcre alqd alci rei or cul alqd. augment-
ation, n. amplificutio, acccssio.
augur, I. n. augur. II, v.tr. alqd prae.
diccre, faticinari, augurari. augury, n. 1, =
a predicting, augurium, vaticinatio, praedictio.
2,— a thing predicted, omen (=a natural — ),
praedictum (=a prophecy).
August, I. n. Augustus, (mensis) Augustus,
Sextilis. II. adj. augustus (= sacred), illustris,
magnificus.
aunt, n. amita (=a father's sister), materlcra
(=a mother's sister).
auriferous, adj. aurifer.
auspice, n. auspicium. auspicious, adj.
prosper, secundus,faustus. Adv. fauste, prospere.
austere, adj. austerus, severus, tristis.
Adv. austere, severe, austerity, n. austeritas,
severitus.
authentio, adj. certus, vems, sincerus. Adv.
certQ auctore. authenticity, u./tc^orHcfortfoj,
aut
646
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' author, n. auctor (= originator); inventor,
ecriptoT (=a writer), authoritative, adj.
imperiosiu, arrogans. Adv. arroganter.
authority, n. auctoritas(by birth, character,
and office), amplitudo'by office), comb, auctoritas
utqv.e amplitudo ; dignitas, gravitas (by personal
worth), gratia; ilominatio (= despotic autho-
rity) ; the — s = magistrates, vwgistrutus, -us.
authorize, v.tr. alci mandare ut, alci per-
mitten, with infin.
■ autocrat, n. dominus; autocratical power,
siimma polestas, imperium (summum).
autograph, I. n. ahjs manu script us. II.
adj. an — letter, epistida vied ipsius manu scripta.
autumn, n. autummis, tempus aviumnale;
— — of life, aetas grandior. autumnal, adj.
aidum.na.lis.
auxiliary, I. n. as a city or state, civitas
fcederata ; in the pi. auxilia (milites) cmxiliures
( = foreign soldiers who strengthen an army),
eubsidia, -orum, subsidiarii ( = the reserve of an
army). II. adj. auxiliaris.
avail, I. v.intr. valere, praevalerc, obtinlre.
II. n. utilitas ; to be of much — , multum. apud
alqm, valere; to make of no — , nonflocci facer e.
avarice, n. avaritia, cvpiditas, pecnnia.
avaricious, adj. habendi cupidus, avidior ad
rem, avurus. Adv. avare.
avaunt! interj. abi! apage!
avenge, v.tr. vindicare, ulcisci ; to — oneself
on anyone, alqm vlcisci pro alq& re. avenger,
n, ultor, viudcx.
avenue, n. 1,= approach, aditus,-vs; 2,
= a shady walk, xystus.
aver, v.tr. see Affirm, Assert.
avert, v.tr. alqd ab alga overture, aversari.
aversion, n. fuga, odium, animus alienus or
ovenns. averse, adj. ub alqo or alqd re aversus,
ulienvs.
aviary, n. aviarium.
avoid, v.tr. defugere, vitarc, dcclinare.
avoiding, n. devitatio, fuga.
avow, v.tr. profiteri, confiteri; prae se ferre.
avowal, n. confessio. avowed, adj. upertus,
pennissus. Adv. ttperte.
await, v.tr. algm or alqd ex(s)pectare, opperirL
awake, I. v.tr.(,esom>w)rxcitare,(e:c)suscitare.
II. v.intr. expergiscl, excitari. III. adj. vigi-
laiu; to be — , vigilare. awakening, n. by
verb Awake.
award, I. v.tr. alqd alci udjudkare. II. n.
ptdicium, urbitrium, addictlo,
aware, adj. alcjs rex gnarus; to be — ,alqd
scire, novisse.
away, adv. procul ; — with ! telle ! avfer !
— — you! apage te! go — , olire. In comp.
with a (e.g. abesse, to be — ).
awe, I. n. venrratio, religio; to feel —towards,
rereri alqm. II. v.tr. terrHre ; see Friohten.
awful, adj. 1, = feeling awe, vcrccundus
(=shy), pins, religiosity; 2, = terrible, dims,
atrox,immanis. Adv. 1, with fear, verecunde (—
shyly), pie, religiose ; 2,= terribly, dire, atrociter.
awhile, adv. aliquamdiu,paul'l)isper; — ago,
paul(l)o ante.
awkward, adj. agrestis, ruslicvs, nulls,
inscitus. Adv. inscite, notice, awkward-
ness, n. inscitia.
awl, n. sulnla (Mart).
awning, n. velum.
awry, I. adj. 1, lit. obliquus; 2, fig- per-
Versus, JI. adv oblique, perverse.
axe, n. securis, dolabra.
axiom, n. axioma, -atis, pronuntiatum.
axis, axle, n. axis, m.
ay, adv. ita, ita est, recte, certe, vera, sane,
sane quidem ; often by repeating the verb, e.g,
will ho come? yes! veniclne? veniet; I say ay.
aio.
azure, adj. caeruleus.
baa, I. v.tr. balare. II. n. balatus, -vs.
babble, v. blaterare, garrire, ivngari. bab-
bling, n. garrulitas, loquacitas. babbler, n.
garrulus, loquax.
babe, baby, n. infans.
baboon, n. simia (= ape).
bacchanal, n. homo Hnolenlusac dissolutus;
a female — , bucclia.
bacchic, adj. bucchiens.
bachelor, n. caelebs.
back, I. n. 1, tcrgum, dorsum; to lie on the
— , supimim cubare ; to attack the enemy on tho
— , hostes aversosaggredi ; (of soldiers) tcrgadarc;
behind a person's — , clam; 2, = the back part,
pars posterior ; the — of the head, occipitium.
II. adv. backwards, rdro, retrorsum ;in comp.
re (e.g. revocare, to call — ). III. adj. )x>stcrior.
IV. v.tr. = to move backward, retro mown ; =to
support, alci favcrc, fautorum esse ; (ad)juvare,
sustinere (= to help). V. v.intr. se rccipere, re-
cede re ; to — water, remos or remis inhibere,
navem retro inhibere.
backbite, v.tr. old absenti maledicere, alqm
oblreciare.
bacon, n. lardum.
bad, adj. 1 (in a physical sense), mains; bnd
weather, tempestas mala, adversa, foeda (— foul) ;
— road, iter difficile, incommodum; — money,
nummi adultcrini ; in — health, aeger ; to go
— ,corrumpi; 2, (in a moral sense) mains, ad-
versus, pravus, turpis, depravatus, neqnam ; —
times, tempora iniqua (= unfavourable), aspcra
(= hard) ; = injurious, a — tongue, lingua vw.lc-
dica. Adv. male, prove, ncquUer, turpiter.
badness, n. 1, = physical — , by adj., the — of
anything, res mala ; — of health, aegritudo, aeg-
rotatio; 2, = moral — ,pravitas, turpitas, ne-
quitia.
badge, n. signum, insigne, nota.
badger, I. n. meles, -is, f. II. v.tr. ve.rure,
(ex)cruciare.
baffle, v.tr. eludere, ad vanum, or ad irritum
■redigcre, disturbare, spem Jallere.
bag, n. saccus.
baggage, n. 1, sarcinne, impedimenta, -orum;
2, =a dissolute woman, scortum.
bail, I. n. 1, = money given, sponsio, vadi-
monium, cautio; to offer — , vodimonium pro-
mittcre; In give — , vadimonmm fatere ; 2, =
one who gives — , sponsor, vas, -dis, in. II. v.tr.
alci sponsorem, vadem esse; to accept — , rades
accipere.
bailiff, n. 1, = on an estate, procurator, villi-
cus : 2, — officer of a court of justice, apparitor.
bait, I. n. 1, for fish, csca ; 2, fig. illecebra ;
3, = food for horses, cibus. II. v.tr. 1, escam
(hamo) imponire; 2, = to feed horses, cibum prae-
bire ; 3,= to worry (bulls, etc.), oanibiisftaurum)
ventre, laccssere. III. v.intr. = to rest on a
journey, (aptul alqm) deversari,
bak
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bake, I. v.tr. conuire, torrvre. II. v.iutr. =
to be prepared by Qre, coqwL baking, u.
cocturu; bakehouse, pistrina; a baker, pistor ;
baker's business, pistrina.
balance, I. n, 1, = scales, trutina, libra,
lanx (=the pan of the scales) ; 2, Dg. uequa-
litas ; to lose one's — , labi ; — at the bank,
ptexmtik ia argentaria deposila ; 3, = the re-
laaiiuler, by adj. rel(l)iquus. II. v.tr. 1, lit.
aequ is pmder Urns lib rare ; 2, fig. aifjd. perpend&re.
III. v.intr. of accounts, coustare.
balcony, n. solarium.
bald, adj. 1, lit. glaber, calms; a— head, cal-
vitiwii; — place, glabreta, -orum ; 2, ng. of
language, inornatus, incultus, impolitic, bald
ness, it. ealvitium.
.bale, n. fascis, -is, in. baleful, adj. calami-
tosus, perniciosus, exitiosus. bale out, v.tr.
exluutrire.
balk, I. n. 1, — abeam, lignum, trabs ; 2,
= boundary, limes, -His, HI. II. v.tr. alci im-
pedimenta esse.
ball, u. l.pila; to play at — , (datatim)
pild ludere; 2, the — of the earth, tcrrae globus;
the eye — , papilla; a musket — , lapis, -idis,
in. (as thrown by a balista) ; 3, = a dance,
saltatio.
ballad, n. carmen.
ballast, ii. sabv.rra.
ballet, ii. pantomimvs (Plin.) ; — dancer,
paniomimus, in. (Suet.) ; pantomima, f. (Sen.).
balloon, n: machina a'erobatica.
ballot, n. sujragium, (=a vote); to vote by
— , sufragia ferre ; -- box, cista.
balm, n. 1, halsamum ; 2, fig. solatium.
balmy.adj.l, balsatninus; 2, tig. suavis, dulcis.
balustrade, n. cancelli, -orum.
bamboo, n. arundo Iiullca (Plin.).
ban, n. aquae el ignis inlerdictio.
band, I. n. 1, = bandage, fascia; 2, —
n fillet, villa, infula; (of metal) armilla ; 3, = a
number of persons united together, tnrba, grex,
caterva. II. v.tr. {con)sociare, cuiijungere.
bandage, I. n. fascia, fasciola. II. v.tr.
dcligare.
band-box, n. capsa.
bandit, n. Uitro. banditti, n. latrones.
bandy, v.tr. ullro (et) citro age re ; to —
words with, cum ulgo altercari. bandy-leg-
ged, adj. varus, cruribus distortis.
bane, n. 1, lit. vencnum, virus, -i, n.- ; 2, tig.
pedis, baneful, adj. perniciosus, exitiosus.
bang, n. 1, = a striking, percussio ; 2, = a
noise, sonitus, -iis.
banish, v.tr. 1, lit. alci aqud et igui i«-
terdicere, in ex(s)ilium e(j)icere, (ex)pellcre or
agcre, exterminarc, relegare, deportare (to trans-
port) ; 2, tig. e(j)iecre, (ex)pellere, amovcrc.
banishment, n. intenlictio aquae et ignis, ejec-
tio, relegatio, deportatio, ex(s)ilium.
bank, n. 1, = a seat, scamnum, sadwlhim, sub-
sellium ; 2, =a river's side^ ripa; 3, — a — of
oars, transtrum ; 4, =a — of earth, agger, -cris,
m. ; 5, = a money-changer's table, or place for
depositing money (the last, modern), argen-
iaria (mensa), viensa publico,; to put money in
the — , picuniam apud mensam publicum
occupare. banker, n. argentarius. bank-
note, n. (is, etc. or perseriptio (= assignment),
bankrupt, n. decoctor; to become — , faro
uedire, (rationes) conlurbare, dceoqucre. bank-
ruptcy, n, by verb (e.g. to sutler — , foro
cede re), or luetaph./brluiuu naufragiumor iittna;
a national — , tabulae novae.
banner, n. vexillum; see Flag.
bannock, n. placenta (avenacea).
banquet, u. epulae, convivium.
banter, I. n. irrisio, derisio, cavillaiio,
ludibrium; in — , per ludibrium. II. v.tr. alqm
ludibrio habere, cavillari, deridere, irridcrc.
baptize, v.tr. *hapti2are(Eucl.), baptism,
n. * baplisma.
bar, I. n. 1, = — of metal, etc., later, -eris,
in. ; 2, = bolt, cluustrum, obex, repagula, -orum ;
3, = a stake, pertiea, sudes, -is, f., veclis, -is, in. ;
4, = a limit or partition, cancelli, careeres, -urn,
saeptu, -orum; 5, = a law court, apud judices,
or forum; to be called to the — , primum
forum attingere ; to practise at the — , caus(s)as
agcre ; the — (= advocates), patroni. II. v.tr.
1, = to bolt, (clauslro januam) occludere ; 2, fig.
=to hinder, alci imped imento esse, alqm impedirc ;
3, = to except, excipcre.
barbarous, barbaric, adj. burbarus (=
foreign, strange), rudis,iukumanus, immauis,cru-
delis.saccus. Adv. barbare,saeve,crudeliter. bar-
barity, n. immunitas, inhumanitas, crudelilas.
barbed, adj. hamatus.
barber, n. tonsor; a— 's shop, tonstrina. '
bard, n. vates, -is, in. and f.
bare, adj. 1, nudus; 2, — mere, merits,
tenuis, exigu'us ; 3, = plain, simplex; a — mom,
cubical urn uullo sumptu ormUum. Adv. 1, —
scarcely, pi*; 2, = plainly, simpliciter. nulla
sumptu. bareness, n. by adj. Babe, bare-
faced, impudens. barefoot, pedibus uudis
or intectis.
bargain, I. n. res, negoli urn, puctio, pactum;
to make a good — , bene enure. II. v.iutr. mm
alqa jiacisei.
barge, n. uciuuriolum, lenunculus (both =
small vessel).
bark, I. n. carta:, liber. II. v.tr. delibrare,
decorticare.
bark, I. v.iutr. lalrare. II. u. latralus, -us.
barley, I. n. hordeum. II. adj. hurdcMeus.
barn, n. horreum; — floor, area.
baron, n. baronet, n. see Noble.
barracks, n. castra, -orum.
barrel, n. seria,doUum,orca; of a gun, etc.,
tubus.
barren, adj. sterilis, iufecundus. barren-
ness, n. sterilitas.
barricade, I. n. munimentum. II. v.tr.
inaedificare, intersaepire, obstrucre, oppilare.
barrier, n. limes, -itis, in., fines, -ium, m.
and f., munimentum, murus.
barrister, n. see Advocate.
barrow, n. ferculum.
barter, I. v.tr. mutare res inter se, permutare
merces. II. n. permutatio mercium.
base, adj. — morally corrupt, perditus, pro-
brosus, ignominiosus, turpis ; — coin, inuiimi
adulterini; —born, ignobili loco natus. Adv.
per ignominiam, cum ignominid, contumeliose,
turpiter. baseness, a, turpitudo, dedeous, -iris,
n., nequitia.
base, n. 1, basis (= pedestal), fundamentum
(= ground-work, lit. and fig.); 2, = the lowest
part, radices (= roots, e.g. montis); 3, of tho
voice, vox or sonus gravis.
bashful, ailj. pudens, pudicus, rerecundus.
Adv. pudenter, pudice, vereeundc. bashful-
ness, n. pudor, pudicitia, verecundici,
bas
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bee
b&sln, 11. 1, = for washing, pelvis; 2. =a
poiul, piscina.
basis, u. see Basi:, n., 1 and 2.
bask, v.inti'. npricaH.
basket, n. corbis, meatus, quotum, sporta.
basket-work, opus vimiiieitm.
bas-relief, u. opuscaelatnm, toreuma, -atis, u.
bass, n. = a mat of straw, storca or storia.
bastard, I. n. nolhus. II. adj. see Spup.i-
OfH.
bastinado, n. ictus, -us, fastis, m.
bat, n. = an animal, vespertilio,
bat, n. for cricket, tennis, etc., clava (=
club).
batcb, n. numerus.
bate, I. v.tr. (impninuere. II. v.intr. (im)-
minui; see Abate.
batb, n. balineum, balneum; pi. balneue,
balnearia, -orum, aquae ; lavulio ; thermae (=hot
or mineral baths); lavatum; to take a cold bath,
frlgidd iavari. bathe, I. v.tr. lavare, ab-
luere (sc. se) ; to — another, demittire abjm in,
balneum ; to be bathed in tears, cjj'vndi (effusum
esse) in lacrimis ; bathing-rooms, balnearia; —
for cold, hot baths, etc., fHgidariiim, tepidar-
ium, calidarinm, sudatorium. II. v.intr. Iavari.
battalion, n. cohors (of cavalry), legio ( = a
regiment), agmen primum, medium, extremmn,
or novissimum (=tho divisions of a marching
army).
batter, v.tr. percutere, verberare; sen Beat;
pulsate; to — down, pcrfringere, everl&re, di:--
(j)icere.
battering-ram, n. arte, His, in.
battery, n. agger, -iris, m. (= tho mound),
tormenta, •arum (= tho weapons).
battle, u.praelium, certamen, acies,dimicatio,
battle-array, n. acies (opp. to agmen, array
on inarch), battle-axe, n. bipennis (only
found in nom., dat., ace, and abl. sing., and
noiu. and abl. pi.), securis. battle-cry, n.
clamor, battle-field, n. locus pugnae or ubi
pugnatur.
battlement, n. pinna.
bawl, v.tr. clamorem tollere, vociferari.
bay, I. adj. spadix, badius. II. n. 1,= laurel,
luurus, f. ; 2, =a gulf, sinus, -iis ; 3, = — win-
dow, fenestra conve.ru or cava ; 4, to stand at — ,
adcersus alqm se defendere. III. v.intr. latrare.
bayonet, n. gladius; with fixed — s, con-
strictis gladiis.
be, v.intr. esse, ex(s)istere; to let — ,permittlre.
beach, n. lilus, -oris, n.
beacon, n. = lighthouse, pharus, f. ; = fire,
ig^iis.
bead, n. globulus.
beak, n. rostrum.
beaker, n. poculum, calix.
beam, I. n. 1, of wood, lignum, trubs; of a
— , trabalis ; 2, — of light, radius ; a — of hope
shines out, spes mihi affulget ; 3, — of a
balance, s^upus, jvgnm. II. v. intr. fulgere,
beaming, I. n. fulgor. II. adj. jucundus,
hilaris.
bean, n. /aba; ^ kidney bean, pliasrhts,
ni. and f.
bear, I. n. 1, nrsus, ursa (=a she-bear) : that
which comes from — , ursinus : (as a constella-
tion) Arctos, Ursa; the Great — , Ursa Major;
the Lesser — , Ursa Minor ; the two, Seplen-
Irioncs, -urn; 2, fig. = a rude fellow, agrtstis.
incullus. II. v.tr. 1, firre, gesture, portart ; —
a sword, clnctum esse ghvTio ; — (of trees) fe.rre,
efferre; — the cost, sumptvs tolerare ; to — up
against, ulqd sustinere, jx'ti ; 2, = to show, to —
affection towards, alqm amare, diUgere; 3, to
carry away, win, auferre, conseqni ; 4, = to give
birth to, piinre. bearable, adj. quod toleruri
potest ; to llnd anything — , ulcjs rci patientem
esse, bearer, u. bajnlus (= a porter) ; nnntius
(= — of news) ; tubellarins (= — of letters).
bearing, n. portatio, gestatio, vectatio; of
children, partus, -iis.
beard, I. n. barba ; — of a goat, aruncus
(Plin.), II. v.tr. ulqm provocare.
beast, ii. 1, bestiu,jumentuvi(= beast of bur-
den) opp. to man, belua; wild —,fcra; 2, as a
term of contempt, belua, hrstia. beastly, adj.
spurcus, immundus. beastliness, n. spurcitia.
beat, I. v.tr. l,= to strike, ferire, caedere,
percutere, pulsarc, verberare; to be beaten, vapu-
lare ; 2, = to overcome, vincire, superare ; —
the enemy thoroughly, hostem fundere et fugare;
3,= to beat down, (pro)stcrncre, opprimere; 4,
to — out, see Thrash ; 5, to — up, rudiculd
peragitare. II. v.intr. palpitare. beating, n.
verbera, -ion.
beatitude, n. (summa) felicitas.
beau, n. homo bellus or elegans.
beautiful, adj. pulcher, formosus (in form),
speciosus (in appearance)) venustus ( = elegant),
bellus (= line). Adv. pulchrc, amuene, venuste,
belle, elegantcr. beautify, v.tr. (cx)omare.
beauty, n. puJchritudo, species, forma, venus-
tas, amoenitus (of places) ; beauty in the ab-
stract, pulelirum.
beaver, n. castor, fiber ; of a — ,casloreus;
— skin, pellis fibrina.
becalmed, adj. ventis destitulus.
because, conj. quod, quia, quoniam, cum
(withsubj.), quandoquidem, also with qui, (piippe
qui, as well as by a participle or abl. abs. ;
— of, prep., propter, ob with accus.
beck, n. = a nod, unfits, -us ; to be at anyone's
— or call, ad nutum alcjsesse. beckon, v.tr.
digilo innuere.
become, I. v.intr. fieri, evaders, nasci, oriri,
ex(s)isterc ; to become a perfect speaker, per-
fectum oratorem evadere ; — a beggar, ml nieii-
dlcitatem redigl ; often by the inchoative verbs,
as, to — warm, calescere ; — rich, ditescere ;
II. V.tr. — to suit, 0(7111 convenit.
bed, n. 1, leclus, lectus cubicularis ; to niako
a — , ledum sleruere ; to go to — , cubitum ire ;
a little — , lectulus. — chamber, n. cubicidum.
bedding, n. lodix (= coverlet), stragvlum (=
mattress). — post, n. fulcrum lecti. 2, — of
a river, alveus ; — of a garden, area.
bedabble, v.tr. a(d)spergerc.
bedaub, v.tr. (ob)Unere, perungere.
bedeck, v.tr. (es)ornare.
bedew, v.t. irrorare. bedewed, adj. ros~
cidus ; to be — , humcsclre.
bedim, v.tr. obscurare.
bedizen, v.tr. (ex)ornare.
bedlam, n. damns qua conlinenlur (homines)
insani.
bee, n. apis ; — hive, alms, alveus ; a swarm
of — , exumen apimn ; queen — , rex opium.
beech, n, fagus, f. ; of — , fageus, faginus.
beef, n. (euro) bubulu.
beer, n. cer(e)visia. brewer, n, cerevijio.g
coctvr.
bee
649
ben
beetle, I. n. scarabaeus. II. v.intr. im-
mincre.
beeves, n. boves, bourn, pi.
befall, v.intr. accidere, contingere, evenire.
befit, v.tr. aptum, idoneum esse ad alqd; it
— s thee, te decet ; does not — , non convenit,
dedecet.
befool, v.tr. infatuare, decipcre.
before, I. adv. prius, citius, ante ; prior,
e.g. qui prior venit, lie conies before (the
other); = rather, prius, potius; the year — ,
superior annus; = already, jam(dudum) ; the
— mentioned, qui supra dictus est. II. prep.
= in presence of, coram, with abl. ; in front of,
ante, with accus. ; of time, ante; — my consul-
ship, ante me consulem; of worth, ante or praeter,
with accus. ; to be — , alci alqdre praestare, ante-
cellerc; the day — another day, pridie ejvs diei.
III. conj. ante or prius, quum (in one word,
antequam, priusquam). beforehand, adv.
antea, or by prae iji comp. ; to be — with,
alqm alqd re praevenire. beforetimes, adv.
olim.
befoul, v.tr. inquinare.
befriend, v.tr. alqm (ad)juvare, edeifavere.
beg, I. v. intr. mendicare, stipem pelere. II.
v.tr. alqm alqd orare, rogare, flagitare, or with
ut ; to — oil', deprecari. beggar, I. n. mendicus,
or adj. cgeuus. II. v.tr. ad inopiam redigere.
beggarly, adj. miser, vilis. beggary, n.
egestas, paupertas, mendicitas. begging, n.
mendicitas, srtjw (= alms); a — off, deprecatio.
beget, v.tr. 1, lit. gignere, generare, pro-
ereare; 2, fig. crcare, alqd alci movere.
begin, I. v.intr. incipere; it — to be day,
dies appetit, lucescit ; — evening, advesperascit.
II. v.tr. incipere (=to commence, e.g. facinus),
ordiri, inchoarc, inilium facere, aggredi (= to
enter on), conari (= to endeavour), begin-
ning, n. initium, principium, prinwrdium,
ortus, -iis, (= birth), inceptio, inceptum; — of a
speech, exordium ; the — s of a science, ele-
menta, rudimenta, incunabula (all n. pi.). Often
" beginning " is to be rendered by primus, e.g.
primd fabuld, =: in the — . of the piece ; so
e.g. vere novo, incunte vere, = in the — of spring;
thus prima node, primo vespere; from the — ,
ab initio, repelire (= to go back to the very
— ) ; without — , aeternus ; to have neither —
nor end, nee principium nee finem habere, be-
ginner, n. 1, = author, auctor ; 2, = a novice,
tiro, rudis.
begone! interj. abi! apage te!
begrime, v.tr. inquinare, maculare.
begrudge, v.tr. invidcre alqd alci.
beguile, v.tr. decipcre, circumvenire, fallcre.
behalf, n. in — of, pro, with abl., propter,
with accus., caus(s)d (e.g. meet, or with gen.).
behave, v.tr. se genre, exhibere ; well be-
haved, bene moratus. behaviour, n. vita,
ratio, mores, -«m.
behead, v.tr. caput alcjs piraecidere.
behind, I. adv. pone, post, a tergo; also by
ext remits and ulthnus (e.g. vltimus venit, he
came behind or last) ; with verbs by re- (e.g.
oculos retorquerc, to look behind) ; to attack a
person behind, arersum aggredi alqm. II. prep.
pone, post, with ace. behindhand, adv.
parum (= too little).
behold, v.tr. a(d)spiccre, consplcerc, intueri,
tontemplari, spectare alqd. behold! interj. en!
ecce! beholden, adj. alcjs beneficio (eg. for
one's life, alcjs beneficio salvns) ; to be — to, alqd
alci dtbere, accept urn referre.
21*
behoof, n. see Behalf.
behoVe, v.tr. impers., decet, convenit, oportet.
being, n. nutura (= peculiar quality), rts( =
active quality), comb, natura atque vis; condicio
(= permanent state), res (= reality) ; the Su-
preme — , Dens ; see Life.
belated, adj. serus.
belch, I. v.intr. ructare. IX. v.tr. fig. evomere.
beldam, n. anicula (— an old woman).
beleaguer, v.tr. obsidlre.
belfry, n. turns.
belie, v.tr. criminari, calumniari.
belief, n. in gen., opinio (= view or convic-
tion ; of anything, rei or de re), persuasio (=
assurance, alcjs rei, e.g. veneni ab alqo accept i =
that someone has been poisoned), fides (= credi-
bility, credence, trust) ; — in God, opinio Dei;
— in immortality, immortalitas merely (e.g. nemo
me de immortalitate depellet, ss no one shall rob
me of my belief in immortality) ; in my — , ut ego
existimo, vied quidem opinione; to have — in
something, or hold it as a reality, alqd esse cre-
dere, believe, v.tr. credere, putare, arbitrari
(= to think), opinari, reri, existimare, ducere (=
account, to form a judgment), censere, sentire; I
(irmly — , mihi persuusum est, persuasum habeo
(with ace. and inf. ; hoc mihi persuasit, I am satis-
fied of this) ; I cannot — , hoc quidem non adducor
ut credam; to — in something, alqd esse arbitrari
or credere or putare (in the existence of, e.g.
Deum esse credere, or merely Deum putare or
credere) ; credere de alqd re (e.g. facilius de odio
creditur=: people easily believe in hatred), cow-
probare alqd (= to approve) ; to — in an object,
alci rei credere, ovfulem liabere, or fidem tribuere,
alci rei (never alci) fidem adjungerc ; — me
(used parenthetically), quod mihi credos velim,
mihi crede, crede mihi ; I — (used parenthetically),
credo, opinor, puto ; as I — , vied quidem opinione,
ut ego evistimo. believer, n. qui credit.
bell, n. tintinnabulum, aes, aeris, n.
belle, n. (puella) pulchra, formosa.
bellow, v.intr. viugire.
bellows, n. follis, -is, m.
belly, n. 1, venter, -ris, in. ( = the hollow of
the body containing the intestines), uterus ( =
the womb), alvus ( =the passage or canal), 06-
domen ( = the protruding or fat part of the
belly) ; 2, of a ship, alveus.
belong, v.intr. — to, alci or alcjs esse.
below, I. adv. subter, infra. II. prep, sub ;
ace. of motion towards (e.g. ire sub muros), abl,
of rest ; infra with ace. see Under.
belt, n. cingulum, zona.
bemire, v.tr. inquinare.
bemoan, v.tr. deplorare.
bench, n. scamnum, scabellum ; — at which
people work, mensa ; of rowers, transtrum ; of
judges, consessus, -us.
bend, I. v.tr. 1, (in)fleetere ; — before a par-
son, sulimittere se alci ; 2, fig. = to move,
movere, Jlectere ; 3, = to turn, se or iter convertere,
dirigcre ; to — one's steps, ire ad alqm or alqd ;
to — one's mind to, alqd animadvertere ( = to
notice), se ad alqd applicare. II. v.intr. flecti ;
— beneath a weight, lit. vacillare ; fig. gravari.
III. n. beading, n. flexus, -us, (in)fiexio.
bent, n. animi inclinu'tio, voluntas, natura,
ratio, studium.
beneath, see Below.
benediction, n. to give a — to a person,
alqm bonis ominibus prosequi.
ben 6
benefit, I. n. beneficium. II. v.tr. abpti
tad)jtirare, aid vtilem or tisui or ex usu esse.
beneficial, adj. utilis, salvtaris. Adv. tUUiter,
bf>'riire. salubriter. beneficent, adj. liberal)*,
beniguns, linirfinm. Adv. Iienigne, liheralltcr.
beneficence, n. brnrfirtntia, benignUas, liber-
alitas. benefactor, it. beneflens, qui beneficia
in alt/in con/ert; to be a — to mankind, praeclare
ilc (jfiiuc humano meritum esse.
benevolent, nclj. ' beiievohis (berth:), be-
nevolence, n. henerolentia. ■ ••
benighted, adj. 1, lit. node oppressus-'! '2,
fig. see Ionoraxt.
benign, adj. benigmis erga alqm. . Adv.
benigue. benignity, n. beni'gnitas.
benumb, v.tr. obstupefaccre ; to be — ed,
obtvrpesccre, torpere.
bequeath, v.tr. alqd edei legare. bequest,
n. legutum.
bereave, v.tr. alqm alqd re orbare, privare.
bereaved, adj. orbus. bereavement, n.
orbitas, privatio.
berry, n. bac(c)a, bac(c)ula, acinus.
beseech, v.tr. alqm implorare, obiestari,
alqm alqd or ut orare.
beseem, v.tr. see Become (2).
beset, v.tr. alqm urge re, premire, alci instare,
obsidere (of a city).
beshrew, v.tr. ex(s)eeraH ; — me, di(i) me
perdant.
beside, prep, 1, = near, prope, juxta, ace. ;
2, = except, praeter, ace. ; 3, = away from, this
is — the point, nihil ad rem; — oneself, sui
impotens.
besides, I. adv. jiraeterea, ultra, porn, nd
hoc or hate, acocdit quod or vt. II. prep.
praeter with ace.
besiege, v.tr. obsidere, obsidionc daudSre or
prendre, operibus cingere, oppugnare. besieger,
n. obsessor, obsidens.
besmear, v.tr. (ob)lincre.
bespatter, v.tr. a(d)spergere, conspergere,
(com)maculare.
bespeak, v.tr. imperare.
best, adj. oplinnis ; see Good.
bestir, v.tr. (se) (e6m)movere, indtare, ex-
citare.
bestow, v.tr. see Give.
bet, I, n. sponsio, jrignus, -e"r£s,n. II. v.tr.
sponsionem ciim alqojacere.
betake oneself, v.intr. seconferrealqo, con-
Ctdire, ire, proficisci alqo, pctere locum ; see Go.
betimes, adv. nun, brevi.
betoken, v.tr. nitUire, denature, signare, de-
signate.
betray, v.tr. 1, = to make known, pro-
dere, de/erre, proferre ; — yourself, se proilerc, ;
when — is used in the sense of "it is the
quality of," use the genitive (e.g. est tardi
ingenii, it — s a dull wit); 2, = to make
known treacherously. prodere, tradire, destitnere;
betrayal, n. proditio, perftdia (= faithless-
ness), drlrttio (=an Information in law), be-
trayer, n. proditor, detertor, index (the eyes arc
the — s of the mind, animi indices sunt oculi).
betroth, v.tr. alcialqam(de)spondere; —to
anyone, sibi alqam dtspondirt (male), aid de-
sponderi (female). betrothal, n. sponsalia,
•ium.
better, I. adj. melior, potior ( = preferable),
pracstantior ( — more excellent); is — , melius or
satins at, praestat; to be — (morally), old alqo
o bir
re praestare, antecellere; I am — , melius iik
habeo ; I am getting — , convalesce. II. adv.
melius. III. v.tr. corrigerc, meliorcm (melius)
facire, augerc ( = increase).
between, prep, inter with ace.
beverage, n. potio, pot us, -us.
bevy, n. grex, gregis, in.
bewail, v.tr. deplorare, deflere, (ccn)queri.
beware, v.tr. to — of, (sibi) oh alqo or alqd
re, or id or ne cavere.
bewilder, v.tr. alqm (con)turbure.
bewitch, v.tr. 1, fa-scinarc; 2, fig. capcre.
beyond, I. adv. ultra, supra, in comp.
trans (e.g. transire). II. prep. 1, = the other
side of, trans, ace. of rest or motion ; 2, of de-
gree, supra, plus, amplius (quam) ; — ten thou-
sand, supra decern mil(l)ia ; — measure, supra
modum.
bias, I. ii. inclined io or propensio animi.
II. v.tr. apud alqm plus, quam aequum est
valere; to lie — sed, ad alqm (plus ctequo) pro-
pensum esse.
bible, ii. libri divini, lit(t)crae divinae or
sacrcw or sanctae, * biblia -orvm, n. biblical,
adj. qvod ad lit(t)cms divinas pertinet.
bibulous, adj. t bibulus.
bid, v.tr. 1, jubere, po-aecipere ; see Com-
mand ; 2, = invite, invitarc ; 3, at a sale, liceri ;
4, fig. — defiance to, alqm jirorocare ; — 'wel-
come, alqm solvere jubere; — farewell, valere
jubere. bidding, n. 1, see Command ; 2, = in-
vitation, invitatio; 3, at a sale, licitatio. bid-
der, n. (at a sale) illicitalor.
bide, v.tr. ma iu re.
biennial, adj. biennis.
bier, n.feretrum, sandapila (Juv.).
bifurcated, adj. bijidvs.
big, adj. magnus, grandis, vastus; to be —
with child, gravidam esse; see Great, Large.
bigamist, n. qui duas uxores habet.
bigot, n. svperstitiosns. bigotry, n. nimia
ct superstitiosa religio.
bile, n. bilis. bilious, adj. biliosus (Cels.).
bilge-water, n. sentina.
bill, n. 1, = a tool,/a/j; 2, = — of a bird,
rostrum.
bill, n. 1, =a proposed law, rogatio ; to
bring forward a — , rogationem, legem ferrc ; to
adopt, a — , uccipcre ; to refuse a — , antiquare ;
to carry a — , perferre; 2, of a tradesman, etc.,
mercinm emptamm index; — of exchange, syn-
grapha.
billet, I. n. = a letter, tpistula ; — donx,
epistula amatoria. II. v.tr. milites per domos
aisponere.
billow, n.fluctus, -us. billowy, adj. fluctu-
osus.
bind, v.tr. 1, by tying, {al)ligare, illi-
gare, a(d)stringere, revincire ; 2, =to restrain,
alqm cirenmscribere or cnercere ; to — together,
cnlligare; to — by an oath, edqm sacramento
"ii'iringere; to — books, glvtinare; to — an
apprentice, alqm alci addice.re ; to — over,
radari ; to be bound by something, eonstridum
i- '. teneri re : — by business, negotiis disten-
turn esse, bindweed, n. convolvulus (Plin.).
biography, n. viiae alcjs descriptlo. bio-
grapher, n. qui alcjs res gestae enarrat.
biped, n. bipes, -edit, adj.
birch, n. betula (Plin.).
bird, n. avis, rolucris, <rfe*, -itis, in. and f. ;
bir
651
boa
— cage, n. cavea ; — catcher, n. auceps, -ciipis,
in. ; — lime, n. viscus.
birth, 11. ortus, -us; of noble—, nobili genere
or loco natus. birthday, ii. dies natalis. birth-
right, n. patrimoninm.
biscuit, n. pdnis, -is, in.
bishop, ii. episcopus.
bit, n. 1, of a liorse, frenum ; 2, see Piece.
bitch, n. canis (femina).
bite, I. v.tr. mordere. II. n. morsus, -Us.
biting, adj. wardens, inordajc, acidus, acidea-
tus ; — words, verborum aculei.
bitter, adj. amarus, acerbus, mordax. Adv.
amare, aspere, acerbe, bitterness, n. amari-
tudo, amaritas, acerbitas.
bitumen, n. bitumen.
bivouac, I. v.intr. in armis excubare. II.
n. excubiae.
black, I. adj. ater, niger, puUits. II. n. 1,
color niger; 2, = mourning, pulla veslis ;
dressed in — , sordidatus, pullatus, alratus ; 3,
= a negro, Aethiops. blacken, v.tr. 1, = to
make black, nigrum facire ; 2. fig. conflare or
conciliate alci invidiam.
blackberry, n. rubus.
blackbird, n. merula.
blackguard, n. nefariiis (homo), sceleratus.
blacklead, n. plumbum nigrum (Plin.).
blacksmith, n. faber.
bladder, n. vesica.
blade, n. 1, of grass, herba ; 2, of an oar,
palma ; 3, of a knife, lamina.
blame, I. n. reprchensio, vituperatio, objur-
gatio, convicium. II. v.tr. reprehendere, culpare.
blameable, blameworthy, adj. reprehen-
sionear vituperatione digitus, blameless, adj.
integer, sanctus. blamelessness, n. vitae
integritas or sanctitas.
bland, adj. blandus,lenis,mitis. Adv. blande,
leniter. blandness, n. lenitas. blandish-
ment, ii. adulatio, blanditiae.
blank, I. adj. vacuus ; — amazement, stupor.
II. n. 1, in a lottery, sors or tabella inanis; 2,
in life, ccdamitas.
blanket, n. lodix.
blaspheme, v.intr. blasphemare. blas-
phemer, n. blasphemus. blasphemous,
adj. blasphemus, impius erga Deum.
blast, I. n. venti impetus, -us. II. v.tr. 1,
see Blight ; 2, = blow up, igne diruere.
blaze, ~ ii. flamma, ardor; to set in a — ,
incendere. . j.. v.intr. ardcre, flagrare.
bleach, I. v.tr. candidum reddere. II.
V.intr. = to become white or pale, cdbesccre.
bleak, adj. see Cold.
blear-eyed, adj. lippus.
bleat, I. v.intr. balare (of sheep). II. n.
balatus, -us.
bleed, I. v.intr. sanguinem fundere ; my
heart — s, vehemeiiter or gravissime doleo,
aegerrime few; — at .something, incredibilem
doloremexre capio. II. v.tr. to — a person (as
a physician), alci sanguinem mittere; to kill by
— tog (as a punishment), venam incldcre.
bleeding, n, sanguinis fluxio.
blemish, I. n. me-ndwm, macula, labes, -is, f.
II. v.tr. (compnaculare.
blend, v.tr. alqd cum alqd re (com)misccre ;
see Mix.
bless, v.tr. alqm bonis ominibus prosequi.
blessed, adj. beatus, fortunatus. Adv. beati,
fortunate. blc.3Scdnoss, n. felicitas.
blight, I. n. robiyo (rub). II. v.tr. robigine
afficerc.
blind, I. adj. 1, caecus, oculis or luminibus
captus or orbatus; — of one eye, altero ocido
captus ; 2, fig. caecus, oecaecatus, stultus. Adv.
1, by caecus ; 2, — rashly, temere. II. v.tr. 1,
lit. oculis privare, caecum reddlre ; 2, fig.
see Dazzle, blindfold, adj. oculis opertis.
blindness, n. 1, lit. caecitas; 2, fig. stultitia.
blink, v.intr. con(n)ivlre, nictare.
bliss, n. summa felicitas.
blister, I. n. pustula. II. v.tr. pustulate.
blithe.adj. laetus, hitaris. Adv. laete, hilariter,
blitheness, n. laetilia, hilaritas.
bloated, adj. 1, lit. turgidus ; 2, fig. turn-
idus.
block, I. n. truncus, caudex. II. v.tr.
claudere, obstruere, obsaepire (obsep.). block-
ade, I. n. obsidio. II. v.tr. obsidere. block-
head, n. stolidus.
blood, n. sp.nguis, cruor; toactin cold — , con-
sulto alqd facer e. bloodless, adj. exsanguis, in-
cruentus (— without bloodshed), blood-rela-
tion, n. consanguincus. bloodshed, n. caedes,
-is, f. bloodshot, adj. sanguine suffusus.
blood-thirsty, adj. sanguinarius. blood-
vessel, n. arteria, vena, bloody, adj. crue n-
tus, cruentatus, sanguine respersus; a — victory,
cruenta victoria; — battle, proelium cruentum,
atrox.
bloom, I. n. fios; to be in — , florere.
II. v.intr. ftorire, vigere ; to begin to — , flores-
cere, blooming, adj. florens, ftoridus.
blossom, v.intr. see Bloom.
blot, I. n. 1, on paper, litura; 2, =a stain,
lit. & fig. macula, it. v.tr. 1 = to dry ink,
abstergere ; 2, = to make a — , lituram. alci rei
in(j)kere; 3, fig. (compnactdare ; 4, to — out,
delire, ex(s)tingucre.
blow, I. D. 1, ictiLS, -us, plaga, verbera, -um ;
2, fig. casus, -Us, damnum. II. v.intr. of the
wind, flare; with the mouth, flare. III. v.tr.
— the flute, tibia (tibiis) canere. blowing,
adj. fiatu figurare.
blubber, n. adeps balaenarum.
bludgeon, n. fastis, -is, m.
blue, adj. caeruleus, lividus ( = black-blue).
blunder, I. n. error, erratum. II. v.intr,
errare.
blunt, I. adj. 1, lit. hebes ; 2, fig. = dull,
hebes, obtusus ; 3, — rude, agrestis, rusticus,
inurbanus. Adv. rustice. II. v.tr. liebetare,
lit. and fig. ; fig. obtundere. bluntness, n. 1,
lit. by adj. hebes; 2, fig. rusticitas.
blur, I. n. macula. II. v.tr. obscurare.
blush, I. n. rubor. II. v.intr. erubescere.
bluster, I. n. 1, = self-assertion, jactatio,
ostentatio ; 2, = tumult, fremitus, -its, stre-
pitus, -iis, tumultus, -us. II. v.intr. 1, se jactare,
ostcntare ; 2, tumultum facire, saevire.
boar, n. verres, -is, in. ; a wild — , aper.
board, I. n. 1, tads, -is, in., tabula ; 2, = food,
victus, -us, alimentum. board-wages, n. pe-
cuniapro alimentis data. II. v.tr. 1, alci victuvi
dare; 2, — a ship, navem consceiulere. III.
v.intr. to — with anyone, apud alqm habitare.
boarder, n. qui cum alqo habitat.
boast, v.intr. gloriuri, se efferre, se jactare.
boaster, n. jactator, ostenlator, homo gloriosus.
boasting, n. jactatio, ostentatio. boastful,
adj. gloriosus. Adv. gloriose.
boa
652
bra
boat, n. scaplta, navicula; — man, nauta, in.
bodice, II. thorax (tinteus).
body, H. 1, corpus, -iris, n. ; a little — , cor-
pus alum ; a — guard, cohort praetoria or regia ;
— servant, strvus, tnancipiuvi, verna, in. and f.
2, = company, societas; — of cavalry, ala.
bodily, adj. corporeiis ; — exercise, exercitatio.
bodiless, adj. sine corpore.
bog, n. palus, -Mis, f. boggy, adj. uligi-
nosus, jxiluster.
boil, I. v.tr. coquii :. II. v.intr. 1, fcrvcre,
effervesccre, aesluare, bullare or bullire( = bubble) ;
2, fig. aestuare. boiler, n. vas, vasis, n. ; in
a bath, ealdarium.
■ boil, n. vomica.
- boisterous, adj. turbidus; of the sea or
wind, procellosus, agitatus.
bold, adj. audens, audax, confidens; to be — ,
aiutire (with inf.). Adv. audacter. boldness,
n. audentia, avdacia, confidentia.
bole, n. truncus, stirps.
bolster, n. culcita, pulvinus.
bolt, I. n. 1, = a fastening, obex, -icis, in.
and f., claustrum; 2, =a weapon, sayitta. II.
v.tr. claudere, (obice) occludire.
bombard, v.tr. urbem tormentis verberare.
bomb, n. * pyrobolj. autcm, vera, at ; — yet, sed,
verum, vero, atqui (autem and vero stand after a
word, the rest at the beginning of a sentence) ;
— yet, — however, at, (at)tamen, sed ta- t
men; — otherwise, ceterum; ■ — if, sin (autem),
si vero (in a contrast) ; — if not, si non, si
minus, sin aliter ; — on the contrary, at con-
tra; in contrasts — is omitted; e.g. tu ilium
amas, ego odi, yon love, ( — )I hate him ; —
yet (anticipating an objection), at ; — rather,
immo (vero); not only, — also, non modo or
solum or tantum, sed etiam; — that, quin, with
subj. nisi. II. prep, see Except. III. adv.
= only, modo, tantum, solum.
butcher, I. n. lanius, maceUarius. II.
v.tr. 1, lit. caedcre, jxtgulare ; 2, fig. trucidare.
butchery, n. caedes, -is, f.
butler, 11. cellarius.
butt, 1. 11. scopos, -i (Suet.), destinatum (=.in
object to aim at) ; to make a — of, alqm ludibrio
habere; labrum (=a large vessel), sinum (=a
large wine-cask). II. v.tr. cornu alqd fer ire.
butter, n. butyrum (Plm.).
butterfly, n. papilio.
buttocks, n. dunes, -is, m. and f., nates,
■ium, f.
button, I. n. fibula ( = clasp, buckle). II.
v.tr. fibuld nectcre.
buttress, I. n. anlerides, -urn, f. II. v.tr.
fulcire.
buxom, adj. hilaris.
buy, v.tr. (co)emere, mercari. buyer, u.
emptor.
buzz, v. susurrare, bombumfacfrc. buzzing,
n. susnrrus, bombus.
by, prep. 1, of place, ad, apud, juxta,
prope with ace. ; to go — , alqm praelerire; lt>
stand — , alci adesse ; 2, of time, abl., — night,
node; — moonlight, ad lunam; — this time,
jam; — the year's end, intra annum; 3, of
means, per with ace. ; 4, an agent, a[h) ; 5,
by
655
car
= according to, secundum or ad ; — the autho-
rity of, jussu or ex auctoritate; 6, in adjuration,
per ; 7, — oneself, per se ; — stealth, furtim;
— chance, forte ; — heart, memoriter ; — reason
of, propter, with accus., or propterea quod, conj. ;
one — one, singillatim. by-way, n. frames,
■itis, in. (= footpath), deverticulum. by-word,
ii. to become a — , contemptui esse.
cab, n. see Carriaoe.
cabal, I. n. = a plot, conjuratio, conspi-
ratio. II. v.tr. con jurationem inire ; see Plot.
cabbage, II. brassica, caulis, -is, in. (= —
stalk).
cabin, n. casa, tugurium; — in a ship,
cubiculum. Cabinet, n. 1, conclave ; 2, = a
repository of precious things, thesaums ; 3, =
ministry, il penes quos sum.ia rerumest.
cable, n. ancorale, funis ancorarius.
cackle, I. v.intr. strepere. II. n. strepitus, -us.
cadaverous, adj. exsanguis (= bloodless).
cadence, n, Humerus.
cadet, n. tiro.
cage, I. n. cavea. II. v.tr. in caveam in-
cludere.
cairn, n. (lapidum) acervus.
cajolery, n. blanditiae.
cake, I. n. placenta. II. v.intr. = stick
together, concrescere.
calamity, n. calamitas, res adversae. ca-
lamitous, adj. culamitosus, tristis, luctucsus.
Adv. calaviitose, luctuose.
calculate, v.tr. computare. calculation,
n. ratio, calculated, adj. ad alqd accommo-
datus, aptus, idoneus; he is — to do this, is est
qui hoc faded.
caldron, n. a(h)enum, cortina.
calendar, n. cphemeris, -idis, f., fasti.
calf, n. vitxdus, vltula ; of a — , vitulinus;
— of the leg, sura.
calico, n. byssus, sindon.
call, I. n. 1, = a cry, vox ; 2, = visit, salu-
tatio; 3, = offer of an office, by nominari.
II. v.tr. 1, = to cry out, clamare ; 2, = to name,
vocare, dicere, nominare, appellare ; 3, to — out
troops, evocare ; to — out, = challenge, 2>rovo-
care ; to — back, revocare ; to — together, coa-
vncare; to — for, (de)posccre, flagitarc. III.
v.intr. — to visit, alqm saliUare, viscre. caller,
u. = visitor, salutator. calling, n. = vocation,
wunus, -eris, n.
callous, adj. 1, lit. callosus ; 2, fig. dunes.
Adv. dure.
callow, adj. implumis, sine plumis.
calm, I. n. quies, -etis, f., tranquillitas, otium,
pax; — at sea, malacia. II. adj. quietus, tran-
quillus, placidus. Adv. tranquille, placide. III.
v.tr. sedare, lenire, permulcere, tranquillare.
calumny, n. crimen, calumnia. calum-
niate, v.tr. calumniari, criminari. calumni-
ator, n. obtrectator.
camel, n. camelus; of a — , camelinus.
cameo, u. gemma ectypa.
camp, n. cautra, -orum; to form a — , caslra
ponere, (col)locare ; to break up — , castra movere.
. campaign, u. vtipeadium,
can, n. see Ji'G,
can, v.intr. posse.
canal, n. canalis, -is, m., fossa.
cancel, v.tr. dclcre, eradere, ex(s)linguere.
cancer, n. cancer (Cels.).
candid, adj. candidus, sincerus, vents, sim-
plex. Adv. candide, sincere, vere, simpliciter,
candour, u. sinceritas, eimplicitas, integritas.
candidate, n. candidatus.
candle, n. candela, lumen (— lightl ; to work
by — light, lucubrare. candlestick, u. car^
delabrum.
cane, I. n. arundo, calamus; of — , arundi-
neus ; — stick or rod, ferula; = walking-stick,
baculum. II. v.tr. verberare.
canine, adj. caniniis.
canker, v.tr. corrumpere. cankerworm,
n. eruca.
canister, n. canislrum.
cannibal, n. qui hominibus vescitur.
cannon, n. torment um ; to be out of — shot
extra tormenti jactum esse, cannonade, v.tr.
tormentis verberare, tela tormentis (e)mittere.
cannon-ball, n. telum tormento missum.
canoe, n. cymba.
canon, n. = a rule, lex, regula, norma (=
standard), canonize, v.tr. alqm in sanctorum
numerumreferre, sanctorum ordinibusa(d)scribere.
canopy, n. aulaeum.
cant, n. simulata or ficta pietas erga Deum.
canton, u. pagus.
canvas, n. pannus.
canvass, I. n. 1, = to examine, cxplorarc, dis-
putare ; 2, = to seek for office, arnbire. II. n.
ambitio, ambitus, -us.
cap, n. pileus, galerus; — for women, mitra.
capable, adj. ad alqd so(l)lers, aptus, idoneus;
alcjs rci capax. capability, n. ingenium, so(iy-
lerlia, docilitas, facultas.
capacious, adj. capax.
caparison, n. phalerae.
caper, n. capparis (Plin.).
capital, I. n. 1, = chief city, urbs opulentis-
sima or potentissima ; 2, of a pillar, capitulum; 3,
= sum of money, sors, caput. II. adj. see Ex-
cellent ; — punishment, poena capitalis. capi-
talist, n. homo pecuniosus, dives.
capitulate, v.intr. see Surrender.
caprice, n. libido, Ikentia, voluntas, ca-
pricious, adj. inconstans. Adv. ad libidinem.
captain, n. centurio; to act as — , ordinem
duccrc; — of a ship, navarchus, praefectus navis.
captious, adj. iracundus (= angry), insidio-
sus(= deceitful). Adv. iracunde, insidiose. cap-
tiousness, n. iracundia, fallacia, captio.
captivate, v.tr. capere, delenire, ■permulcere.
oaptive, n. captus, captivus. captivity,
n. captivitas (Tac.) ; to be in — , captivum esse.
capture, v.tr. capere, comprehendere.
car, n. carrus, plaustrum, vehiadum.
caravan, n. comitatus, -us.
caraway, n. careum (Plin.).
carbuncle, n. cariunculns,
carcase, n. cadaver, -eris, n. (of men and
beasts).
card, I. n. charta; to play at — b, see
Dice. II. v.tr. pectere.
cardinal, I. adj. princcps, eximius. II. n.
* Cardinalis.
care, I, n. 1, ctra, diligentia,; 2, = anxiety,
car
656
eel
sol(l)icitudo. II. v.intr. 1, = to take — of, alqd
curare ; what <!o I — ? quid mihi est f 2, = to be
interested in, colere, diligere. careful, adj.
diligens, accuratus. Adv. diligenter, accurals.
careless, adj. securus, imprudent, neglegens.
carelessness, n. securitas, imprudentia, nrglc-
gentia.
career, I. n. curriculum, cursus, -us (lit. and
fig.). II. v.intr. currire.
caress, I. n. blanditiae, blandimenta, -orum.
II. v.tr. alci blandiri, alqm permxdeirc. caress-
ing, adj. blandus.
cargo, n. onus, -iris, n.
caricature, I. n. vidtus, -iis, in pejus fictvs.
II. v.tr. vultum in pejus fingire.
carmine, u. coccum; of — , coccineus.
carnage, n. caedes, -is, f.
carnal, adj. libidinosus. Adv. libidiiiose.
carnival, n. Saturnalia, -ium.
carnivorous, adj. qui came vescitur.
carousal, n. convivium, comissatio. ca-
rouse, v.intr. comissare.
carp, I. n. ci/primis (Plin.). II. v.intr. to
— at, alqm carpire, perstringere.
carpenter, n. faber (lignarius). carpen-
try, n. opera fabrilis, fabrica.
carpet, n. tapete, tapetum, peristroma, -atis, n.
carrion, n. cadaver, -eris (or in pi.).
cart, I. n. vehiculum, plaustrum. II. v.tr.
plausiro where, cart-load, n. onus, -eris, n.
carve, v.tr. caelare, scedpire, sculpire, inscri-
bes ; — meat, scindire, secare. carver, n. 1,
of meat, cantor; 2, of works of ait, sculptor.
carving, n. 1, =act of, caelatura, scalptura,
scutptura; 2, = tiling carved, signum, effigies.
carry, v.tr. porlare, ferre, bajularc, vehere,
gerire ; — a point, alqd consequi ; — out, con-
ficere. ; — on, alqd exercere ; — too far, inodum
excedire; — a town, expugnare ; —a bill, legem
perferre. carriage, n. 1, = carrying, vectura,
geslatio ; 2, ■= vehicle, vehiculum, currus, -us,
carpentum, cisium, raeda; 3, = gait, incessus,
■us. carrier, n. gerulus ; letter — , tabellarius.
cascade, n. aqwie ex alto desllientes.
case, n. 1, = a receptacle, theca, involucrwm ;
2, (in grammar), casus, -us ; 3, = an incident,
casus, -us, res; 4, in medicine, morbus; 5, =
judicial — , cati(s)sa.
casement, n. fenestra.
cash, I. n. = ready money, pecunia. II.
v.tr. praesenti pecunvi solvere, cashier, I. n.
custos pecuniarum. II. v.tr. = to discharge,
alqm dimittirc.
cask, n. dolium. casket, n. arcula, capsula,
cistula.
casque, n. galea.
Cast, I. v.tr. 1, jacire, jactare, jacnlari, mit-
tire; 2, =to found, fundire; 3, to be — in a
suit, cans(s)d cadere ; 4, to be — down, affligi ;
5, to — off, (de)poncre, exuere ; to — out, [ex)pel-
Ure ; to — up (of accounts), computare (a mound,
etc.), exstruere. II. n. 1, jactus, -us, ictus, -us;
2, of dice, alea ; 3, = image, imago, effigies.
castaway, n. perdiliu,proJligatus; — by ship-
wreck, naufragus.
caste, n. societas, sodalitas. .
castigation, n. castigatio, supplicium.
castle, ii. arx, castellum; to build — s in
the air, somnia sibi fingere.
castrate, v.tr. edstrarc.
casual, adj. fortuitvs, forte oblatus. Adv.
forte, cv4u, casualty, n, fortuita -orwii, res
fortuitae. casuistry, n. sophisma, -atis, n.,
questio de moribus. casuist, n. sophistes, -ae,
in., qui de moribus disputat.
cat, n. felcs (felis), -is.
catacomb, n. puticuli.
catalogue, n. Ubrorum index.
catapult, n. catapulia.
cataract, n. 1, in the eye, glaucoma (Plin.);
2, see Cascade.
catarrh, n. destillatio, g7-avedo.
catastrophe, n. casus, -iis (durus or arcrbus).
catch, I. v.tr. capere, excipire, intercip're,
deprehendire, comprehendere ; to — a diseise,
morbuni contrahere. II. n. = gain, lucrum,
cmolumentum. catching, adj., of a disease,
pestilens.
catechism, n. * catechismus. catechize,
v.tr. * catcchizare (Eccl.).
category, n. genus, -eris, Humerus, * cale-
goria. categorical, adj. simplex, definitus.
cater, v.intr. obsonare.
caterpillar, n. ei-uca.
cathedral, n. * acdes cathedralis.
Catholic, * homo Catholicus (Eccl.). Ca-
tholicism, n. *fides Catholica (Eccl.).
cattle, n. pecus, -oris, armenta, -orum.
caul, n. omentum.
cauldron, n. a(h)enum, cortina.
cause, I. u. 1, caus(s)a, auctor (of a person) ;
to have no — , nihil est quod; 2, = legal — ,
caus(s)a, see Action. II. v.tr. alcjs rci auctorem
esse, efficcre ut, — excite, excitarc, (com)movere.
causal, adj. quod efficit ut. causeless, adj.
vanus, futilis. Adv. temere, sine cans(s)&.
causeway, n. viae, agger, -iris, m.
caustic, I. n. causticum (Plin.). II. adj.
mordens, acerbus. cauterize, v.tr. adurire.
caution, I. n. providentia, prudentia, cavtio.
II. v.tr. monere. cautious, adj. providus,
prndens, cautus. Adv. prudenter, caute.
cavalcade, n. cquiles, -tun, comilatns, -us.
cavalier, n. cques, -Uis, m. Adv. arroganter,
insolenter.
cavalry, n. equitatus, cquites, -urn, copiae
equcslres, ala ; to serve in — , equo mercre.
cave, n. cavum, caverna, specus, spelunca.
cavity, n. see Hole.
cavil, v.intr. see Carp.
caw, v.intr. crocire, crocitare.
cease, v.intr. alqd omittire, intermittire, ab
alqd re, or infill, desistere, desinire with infill,
ceaseless, adj. perpetuus, assiduus, continuus.
Adv. perpctue, assidue, continue.
cedar, n. cedms, f.
cede, v.tr. alqd or ab alqd re alci cederc, alqd
concedere.
ceiling, n. laqucar, lacunar; vaulted — ,
camera.
celebrate, v.tr. = solemnize, celebrare, agire.
celebrated, adj. inclytus, clarus, illustris, no-
bUis. celebration, n. ceUkratio. celebrity,
n. gloria, lavs, claritas ; == a celebrated person,
vir insignis.
celerity, n. velocitas, celeritas.
celestial, adj. 1, caelestis, divinus ; 2, fig.
eximivs, praestans.
celibacy, n. caelibatus, -us.
cell, n. cella, cubiculum.
cellar, n. hypogeum (doliarium) ; a wine — ,
apotheca. ■ '
cem 657
gluten. II. v.tr. both lit. &
che
cement, I. a.
fig. conglutinare.
cemetery, n. sepulc(h)ra, -orum.
censer, n. tliuribulum.
censor, n. 1, censor; 2, fig. qui alqm repre-
hendit. censorious, adj. acerbus, severus.
Adv. acerbe, severe.
censure, I. v.tr. reprehendere. II. n. repre-
hensio. censurable, adj. reprehendemlus.
census, n. census, -us, aestimatio; to take a
— , censere.
cent, n. 1, = a coin, teruncivs ; 2, = per — ,
unciae usurae, — ,y h per — per mouth, - 1 per
— per ami. ; sextauies, — 2 per — per aim. ; quad-
rantes, =3, etc. ; asses usurae or centesimae, = 12
per — per aim. ; binae centesimae, = 24, etc.
centaur, n. centaurus.
centenary, n. festum sacculare.
centre, I. n. media pars; the — of any-
thing, expressed by medius (e.g. media iirbs);
the — of a government, sedes imperii. II. v.intr.
(ex or in) alqd re constare ; to — in, see Consist.
century, il. centum anni, saeculum.
ceremonial, ceremony, n. ritus, -us,
caerimonia. ceremonious, adj. urbanus.
Adv. urbane.
certain, adj. 1, — fixed, certus, firmus, sta-
bilis, fidus (— trustworthy), exploratus (= ascer-
tained), status (= settled) ; a — income, status
redilus, -iis; to be — of a thing, rem exploratavi
habere; 2, = someone known or unknown,
quidam; nescioqui, nei,cio quis. Adv. eerie, certo,
hand dubie, sine ulla dubitatione, profeclo, sane ;
to know — , or for certain, pro explorato or
exploration habere, certainty, certitude,
n. fides, res explorata. certificate, n. testi-
monium, certify, v.tr. certiorem faclre, con-
firmare.
cerulean, adj. caeruleus.
Chafe, I. v.tr. calefacere. II. v.intr. irasci,
commoveri.
chaff, n. palea.
chagrin, n. aegritudo, maeror, sol(l)icitudo,
dolor.
chain, I. n. 1, catena, vinculum; 2, = an
ornament, catena; 3, — a connected series,
series; 4, = — of mountains, monies, -ium, m.
II. v.tr. vincire, catenas alci in(j)icere.
Chair, n. sella, sedile, cathedra ; to set a —
for, sellam alci apponcre. chairman, n. qui
conventui praeest.
chaise, n. carpentum, pilentum.
chalice, n. calix, calathus.
Chalk, n. creta.
challenge, I. n. provocatio. II. v.tr. alqm
ad alqd provocare.
chamber, n. cubiculum. chamber-maid,
n. serva. chamber-pot, n. uwlula, matella,
trulla, scaphium. chamberlain, n. cubiculo
praepositus (Suet.).
champ, v.tr. mandere, mordire.
champion, u. propugnator.
chance, I. n. casus, -us, fors ; by — , forte,
casu; game of — , alea. II. v.intr. accidcre.
chancel, n. ubsis, -hlis, f. Chancellor
Of the Exchequer, n. aerarii tribunus.
Chandler, n. qui candelas sebat (= candle-
maker), canddarum, propola (= seller).
ohange, I. v.tr. (com)mutare ; to — money,
permutarc. II. v.intr. (com)mutari ; the weather
changes, tempextns commutatur, caelum variat.
III. m (com)muta^io, conversio, yic}ssitudo i
varictas ; — change of money, permutatio, or by
verb permutare. changeable, adj. mulabilis,
mobilis, inconslans, varius. Adv. mutabiliter,
mobiliter, inconstanter. changeableness, n.
mutabilitas, mrietas. changeling, n. puer
subditus.
Channel, n. 1, lit. fossa, canalis, m. ; 2, fig.
via, ratio.
Chant, v.tr. canere, cantare.
chaos, n. 1, lit. chaos, only in nom. and abl.
sing. ; 2, = confusion, coiifusio, perturbatio.
chaotic, adj. inordinatus, perturbatus.
chapel, ii. aedicida, sacellum, sacrarium.
chaps, n. = yav, , jauces. -ium. '.
chaps, n. ou the hands, rhagades (Plin.).
chapter, n. of a book, caput.
character, n. 1, =a sign, nota, lignum;
2, — of a person, natura, indoles, -is, f., inge/n-
ium, animus, mores, -um ; weakness of — , in-
firmitas, inconstantia ; strength of — , constantia,
gravitas; 3, =a letter of the alphabet, lit(f)era;
4, = function, munus, -eris, n., or by apposition
(e.g. to go in the — of ambassador, legatum ire);
5, = reputation, fama, existimatio ; to give a —
to a servant, commendare. characteristic, I.
adj. proprius. Adv. suo more. II. n. proprietas,
or by gen. (e.g. it is the — of the mind, mentis
est), characterize, v.tr. notare, designare.
charcoal, n. carbo.
charge, I. n. 1, = office or trust, munus.
■eris, n., officium; 2, = price, pretium; atasmall
, parvo pretio ; 3, = commission, mandatum;
4, = care of, cicra, custodia ; 5, = accusation,
accusatio, crimen; 6, = attack, impetus, -us, in-
cursus, -us; 7, = exhortation, hortatio. II. v.tr.
1, = order, jubire, imperare; 2, — to tix a price,
indicare; 3, —with, = trust, alqd alci commit-
tere, mandare, credere ; 4, take — of, alqm curare ;
5, = accuse, accusare; 6. = attack, impetum m
alqmfacerc; 7, = exhort, (ad)hortari. charge-
able, adj. 1, cui solvendum est ; 2, = — with a
fault culpae affinis or obnoxius. charger, n.
1, = dish, lanx; 2, — horse ; equus (ecus).
chariot, n. currus, -iis; a two-horsed — ,
bigae ; four — , quadrigae, charioteer, n.
auriga, m. and f.
charity, n. 1, as a sentiment, amor, benign-
itas : 2, as conduct, beneficentia, liberalitas ; 3,
= alms, stips. charitable, adj. benignus,
liberalis, beneficus. Adv. benigne, Uberaliter.
Charlatan, n. circulator, jaclator, ostentator.
Charm, I. n - 1. Il*- carman, canticum, fas-
cinum; 2, hg. = au attraction, delenimenta,
-orum, blanditiae ; 3, = beauty, venustas, amoe-
niias. II. v.tr. 1, lit. fascinare, incantare ; 2,
fig. capcre. charming, adj. suavis, venustus,
lepidus. charmer, n 1, = magician, magus ;
2, — mistress, deliciae.
chart, n. tabula, charter, u. privilegium
(e.g. to grant a — , privilegia dare).
Chary, adj. parous.
Chase, I. v.tr. venari ; see Pursue. IL n.
venatio, venalus, -iis.
ohasm, n. hiatus, -its, specus, -us.
chaste, adj. castus. chastity, u. caslitas.
chastize, v.tr. castigare. chastisement,
n. castigatio.
chat, v.intr. fabularl cum alqo.
chatter, I. v.intr. garrirc. II. n. garrulitas,
loquacitas. chattering, adj. garrulus, loquax.
cheap, adj. vilis, parvi pretii.
cheat, I. n. l,fraus, -dis, f.,fallacia, dolus;
2, = a man who — s, circumAcriptor or auifalUU
che
658
cla
II. v.tr. alqm fallere, decipere, circumvenire,
fucum faccre.
oheck, I. n. impedimentwn, mora. II, v.tr.
alci obstare, impedimento esse, moramfacere.
cheek, u. gena.
cheer, 11. 1, =joy, hilaritas; 2, = hospi-
tality, hospitiitm ; to entertain with good — ,
hospitaliter or lauteexcipere. cheerful, hilaris,
hilarus. Adv. hilariter, hilare. cheerless,
adj. iristis, maestus.
cheese, n. caseus.
chemistry, n. * chemia, ars chemica.
cheque, n. perscriptio.
cherish, v. t r. cm rare, d il igcre, colcre, observare.
cherry, n. 1, the tree, cerasus, f. ; 2, = the
fruit, cerasum.
chess, n. lusus latrunculorum.
chest, n. 1, = part of the body, pectus, -oris,
n. ; 2,= a receptacle, area, cista.
chestnut, n. castanea.
chew, v.tr. mandere.
.chicanery, n. dolus, praevaricatio.
chicken, n. pullus (gallinaceus).
chide, v.tr. alqm objurgare. chiding, n.
objurgatio.
chief, I. n. caput, princeps, praefectus. II.
adj. primus, praecipuus. Adv. praecipue.
child, n. filius, filia, liberi (= children).
child-birth, partus, -us ; to be in — , partu-
rire. childhood, u, aetas pueriiis. child-
like, adj. pueriiis. childish, adj. ineptus.
Adv. pnerililer. childless, adj. (liberis)orbus.
chill, I. adj. frigidus. II. n. frigus, -oris, n.
III. v.tr. 1, lit. refrigerare ; 2, tig. reprimere.
Chime, I. n. coneentus, -us. II. v.intr. con-
cinere.
chimera, n. commentum, opinionum com-
inenta, -orwrn. chimerical, adj. commenticivs,
inanis, vanus.
chimney, n. (unknown in Roman houses)
compluvium (= an opening in the roof of the
atrium).
chin, n. mentum.
china, n. murrha (Mart.); made of — , mar-
rhinus.
chine, n. spina.
chink, n. rima.
chip, n. assula, scobis.
chirp, v. fritinnire, pipire, pipllare.
chisel, I. u. scalprum fabrile, caelum. II.
v.tr. sculpere.
Chivalry, n. ordo equesier, res equestris ;
= politeness, summa comitas. chivalrous,
adj. fortis et urbanus.
choice, I. n. delectus, -us, electio. II. adj.
praecipuus, eximius. choose, v.tr. eligere,
deligere.
choir, n. 1, chorus. 2, = — of a church,
*absis. chorister, n. (puer) symphoniacus.
choke, I. v.tr. suffocare, animam i ntercludere,
praecludere. II. v.intr. suffocari, strangulare.
choler, n. see Anger, cholera, n. pestis.
chop, I. v.tr. abscidere; — a tree, — the
hands, amputare. II. v.intr. se vertrre, vcrti.
III. n. offa.
chord, n. nervus, fides, -ium, pi.
Chorus, n. chorus ; leader of — , chorogus.
Chough, n. corius.
Christ, 'Christ us. Christendom, d. *popu-
lus Christianus. Christian, adj. * Christ 'aims.
Christianity, n. * lex ov religio Christiana.
chronic, adj. longinquus, diutumus.
chronicle, I. v.tr. in annates refcrre. II.
n. annates, -ium, in., fasti, chronicler, n.
annalium scriptor. chronology, n. temponun
or annorum ratio. chronological, adj.
— errors, temporum actatumque errores. Adv.
servato temporum online.
church, n. ecclesia.
churl, n. homo agrestis, rusticus, inurbanus.
churlish, adj. inurbanus, agrestis, rusticus.
Adv. rustics, inurbane, churlishness, n.
rusticitas.
churn, I. n. labrum ad butyrum faciendum.
II. v.tr. butyrum faccre.
cicatrice, n. cicatrix.
cider, n. vinum ex malis confectum.
cimeter, n. acinaces, -is, m.
cinder, n. carbo ei($)tinctus.
Cipher, I. n. 1, vota, lit(t)era secretior; 2,
a mere — , nullo numero esse; see Number. II.
v.intr. computare.
Circle, n. 1, lit. orbis, -is, in., circulus ; to
descrihe a. —, circulum duccre ; 2, = an assembly,
corona; social — , circulus; family — J'cmilia.
circuit, n. circuitus, -us, ambitus, -us, orbis,
-is, m.
circular, I. adj. orbiculatus, rotvndw. II.
n. lit(t)eraecircumalqosdimissae. circulation,
n. circuitus, -us ; there is a rumour in — . rumor
est. circulate, I. v.tr. circiimagere. II. v.intr.
circiunagi, commcare; of money, in usum venire.
circumference, n.orbis,-is, in. circuitus,-us.
circumflex, n. When pronounced, circum-
fiexus accentus, its (Gram.) ; when written, syllaba
circumflexa (Gram.).
circumlocution, n. circuitio.
circumnavigate, v.tr. circumvehi (navi or
classe).
circumscribe, v.tr. circumscribcrc, circum-
venire.
circumspect, adj. cautus, providvs, pru-
dens. Adv. caute, prudenter. circumspec-
tion, n. cautio, prudentia, circumspectio.
circumstance, n. res, caus(s)a, ratio ; also
by hoc, id, etc.; under these — s, quae cum ita
sint. circumstantial, adj. — evidence, tes-
timonium e rebus collcctum. Adv. accurate.
circumvallation, n. circummunitio.
circumvent, v.tr. circumvenire.
cistern, n. cistema, puteus.
citadel, n. arx, castellum.
cite, v.tr. 1, = quote, afferrc,proferre, memo-
rare; 2, = — before a court, citare, in jus vocare.
citizen, n. civis, in. and f. citizenship,
n. civitas ; to present or bestow — , civitatem
alci dare, impertire, tribuere, alqm in civitatem
accipere or recipiere. city, n. urbs{=a town,
as opp. to country), oppidum, municipiwn (=a
free city which had received the jus civile Roma-
num), colonia (= a Roman settlement).
citron, n. malum citrum.
civic, adj. civills, civicus.
civil, adj. I,=civic,cit!i7is; — process, cavs(s}a
privata ; — rights, jus civile; — war, bcllum.
civile ox intestinum ; 2, = polite, urbanus, bene
moratus. Adv. urbane. civilization, "n.
cultus, -us, humanus, humanitas. civilize, v.tr.
crpolire, ad humanilaUm irformare or efflngere,
clad. adj. I'estitus.
cla
659
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claim, I. n. 1, = a demand, postulatio,petitio;
2, = a right, jus, juris, u. II. v.tr. postidare,
petere, poscere, flagitare, quaerire. claimant,
n. (at law), petitor.
clammy, adj. lentus.
Clamour, I. n, vociferalio, clamor, voces,
-urn, f. II. v.intr. (con)clamare alqd or ace. and
infill., or vociferari. clamorous, adj. see
Noisy.
clan, n. yens, tribus, -us, f.
clandestine, adj. clandestinus, furtivus.
Adv. clam, furtim.
clang, I, n. sonus, -us, sonitus, -us. II.
v.intr. (re)sonare.
clank, I. ii. crepitus, -us. II. v.tr. crepi-
turn alqd re dare.
clap, I. u. strepitus, -us, plausus, -us; s — of
the wings, alarum crepitus, -us; thunder — ,
tonitrus, -us. II. v.tr. 1, = strike, fcrire ; 2,
— the wings, etc., alas quatere ; 3, = applaud,
alci (ap)plaudere ; — the hands, multibus plau-
dumfacere.
claret, n. vinum.
Clarify, v.tr. deliquare.
clash, I. v.tr. = strike, pulsare, percu-
tere. II. v.intr. 1, = strike together, concur-
rere ; 2, = to disagree, inter se (re)pugnare,
dissidere, discrepare; 3, = to sound, so nare. III.
n. 1, = collision, concursus, -iis; 2, = sound,
sonus, -us, sonitus, -us.
clasp, I. n. fibula. II. v.tr. 1, fibula, conjun-
gere ; 2, see Embrace, Grasp.
class, n. classis (Quint.), ordo, m. ( = rank of
citizens, etc.), genus, -eris, n. ; a — of learners,
discipuli. classic, I. n. (= writer) scriptor or
tcriptor optimus, praecipuus. II. adj. optimus,
praecipuus, eximixis. classify, v.tr. in genera
describere.
clatter, I. n, crepitus, -us, sonus, -iis. II«
v.intr. sonare.
clause, n. 2 Mr s, membrum, caput.
claw, I. n. unguis; of a crab, brachium.
II. v.tr. ungues alci (rei) in{j)icere.
Clay, n. argilla ; of — , argillaceus.
Clean, I. adj. purus, mundus. II. v.tr.
purgare. III. adv. = quite, prorsus. cleanli-
ness, n. rnunditia, mundilies.
clear, I. adj. 1, clarus, lucidus, perspicuus,
planus, manifestus, evidens ; it is — , apparet,
liquet ; 2, see Innocent ; 3, see Free. Adv. 1,
distincte, perspicue, plane, manifests, lucide; 2,
= without doubt, sine dubio. II. v.tr. 1, (ex)-
purgare = make clear; 2, see Explain; 3, =
free from a charge, absolvere, liberare. III.
v.intr. it - s up, tempestas fit Serena, clear-
ness, n. l,claritas; 2, sere ititas (of weather);
3, of a proof, res explorata, - fides, clear-
sighted, adj. sagax, {sol)lers. clear starch,
n. amylum.
cleave, I. v.intr. see Adhere. II. v.tr.
(dif)findcre, scindere. cleaver, n. cultellus.
cleft, n. fissura, fissum, rima.
clemenoy, n. dementia, gratia, mansuetudo.
Clement, adj. Clemens, mansueius, indulgent.
clench, v.tr. manum comj>rimere.
clergy, n. telerus, * derici; — man, saccn/os,
''clerkus. olerical, adj. *dericus, "ccclesiasticus.
clerk, n. scriba, in. librariits.
Clever, adj. Mbilis, sol(l)ers, pcritus alcjs
rei. Adv. sol(l)erter, peritc. cleverness, n.
peritia, habilitas, so!(i)crtia.
Client, n. clievs (= both dependent in gen.
and client of a lawyer, in which sense also con-
suitor), clientship. n. dientela.
Cliff, n. scopulus, saxum.
climate, U. caelum, cadi status, -iis, aer.
Climax, n. gradatio; in oratory, the — of
happiness, summa fclicitas.
Climb, v.tr.- a{d)scendcre, scandere, eniti in
alqd.
clinch, v.tr. clavulo figere.
cling, v.intr. adhaerere rei; — to a person,
alqm amplecti, sectari.
clink, I. v.intr. iinnire, sonare. II. n.
tinnitus, -its, sonitus, -Us.
clip, v.tr. praecidere, circumcidere, resecare.
cloak, I. n. 1, amiculum, pallium, sagum,
lacerna, paenula ; 2, fig. species. II, 'v.tr.
tegere.
clock, n. horologium.
clod, n. glaeba (gleb).
clog, I. u. impedimentum. II. v.tr. im-
pedire.
cloister, n. 1, = colonnade, porticus, -us, f. ;
2, = monastery, * rnoxxisterium.
Close, I. v.tr. 1, = shut, claudere, occlu-
dire; 2, = ihris\i,finire,conficere; 3, — abargain,
de pretio cum alqo pacisci ; 4, — with anyone,
manutn conserere. II. n. 1, — iuclosure, saep-
tum; 2, = end, finis, in. and ', exitus, -us.
III. adj. 1, =3 reserved, tucilumus, tectus ; 2,
= near, propinquus, vicinus, finitimus ; — rela-
tionship, propiwpiitas ; — friendship, conjunc-
tio ; 3,= solid, densus, solidus ; 4, = com-
pressed (of speech), pressus, brevis. Adv. 1, tecte ;
3, solide ; 4, presse, breviter. closeness, n.
I, laciturnitas ; 2, propinqiutas, vicinitas; 3,
soliditas.
closet, n. cubiculum.
clot, I. n. glaeba ( = lump) ; — of blood,
sanguis concretus. II. v.tr. congelare.
cloth, n. textum, pannvB. clothes, n.
vestitus, -us, vestes, -Utm, f. vestimenta. clothe,
v.tr. alqm vestire, amicire ; — oneself, induere
sibi vestcm; — with, vestiri or amiciri re.
cloud, I. n. nubes, -is, f. II. v.tr, ob-
scurare, tegere. III. v.intr. nubibus obducere.
cloudy, adj. mibilus. cloudless, adj. nubi-
bus vacuus, serenus.
clover, n. tri/olium.
clown, n. homo rusticus, agrestis. clown-
ish, adj. rusticus, agrestis. Adv. rustice.
cloy, v.tr. satiare.
club, I. n. 1, = cudgel, clava ; 2, = society,
circulus, /actio, sodalitas. II. v.tr. in medium
proferre. club-foot, n. tali pravi. club-
footed, adj. scaurus.
cluck, v.intr. singultire, glocire.
clue, n. glomus, filum (of thread); fig. vesti-
gium, indicium.
clump, n. glaeba.
clumsy, adj. agrestis, inhabilis, itieptus,
rusticus; a — joke, jocus illiberalis; — manners,
mores rustici. Adv. laevc, illibercditer, rustice ;
to act — , rustice facers, clumsiness, n. rus-
ticitas, inscitia.
cluster, I. n. 1, = bunch, fasciculus (of
flowers), uva (of grapes), racemus, corymbus (of
any berries) ; 2, = a group, circulus, corona.
II. v.intr. (frequentes) convenire.
clutch, I. v.tr. comprehendcrc. II. n., to
get into one's — es, manus alci in(j)icerc.
coach, n. carpentum, pilentum,ci$ium, raeda.
coachman, a. yaedarius 2 auriga.
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coadjutor, n. socius, colleqa, m.
coagulate, v.intr. coire, concrescerc, coagu-
lari.
coal, n. carbo.
coalesce, v.intr. coalescere, coire. coali-
tion, 1j. conjunctio, consociatio.
coarse, adj. 1, crassus; 2,= rude, agrcstis,
ruslicus, inurbantis. Adv. crasse, nistice, inur-
bane, coarseness, n. 1, crassitudo ; 2, in-
humanitas, mores inctdti.
coast, I. n. litus, -oris, n. ora ; lying on the — ,
maritinius. II. v.tr. Oram legere, praetervehi.
coat, I, n. 1, toga, tunica ; 2, = hide, vellvs,
■Iris, n., pellis; 3, = of paint, circumlitio. II.
V.tr. alqd alci rei indnere.
coax, v.tr. alci blandiri, alqm permulcere,
morem alci gerere.
cobble, v.tr. 1, lit. sarcirc ; 2, tig. inscien-
ter face re alqd. cobbler, n. stitor.
COCk, v.tr. erigere.
cock, n. 1, as to the gender, mas: 2, = the
male ol' the fowl, gallus. cockcrow, n. canlus,
-us, galli. cockroach, cockchafer, scara-
baeus. cock-a-hoop, to be — , ex(s)ulture.
cockle, n. = a fish, pecten.
cod, n. asellus.
code, n. codex juris, corpus juris (e.g.
Homani), leges, codify, v.tr. leges describere.
coemption, n. coemptio.
coequal, adj. aequalis.
coerce, v.tr. co'erccre, cohibcre. coercion,
n. necessitas. coercive, adj. validus(= strong),
or by verb (e.g. qui cohibel).
coexistent, adj. quod eodem tempore est.
coffer, n. cista.
coffin, u. area, loculns, sarcophagus.
cog, ll. of a wheel, dens, m.
cogent, adj. firmus, ralidus. cogency,
n. persuasio, ratio quae fidem facit.
cogitate, v.intr. cogitare. cogitation, u.
cogihttie. cognition, n. cognitin, scientia. cog-
nizance, n. cognitio. cognizant, adj. alcjs
rei conscius.
cohabit, v.intr. concumbcre.
Coheir, n. coheres, -edis, in. and f.
cohere, v.intr. cuhaercre (both lit. and fig.).
coherent, adj. eohaerens, contextus, continens,
sibi congruens. Adv. contexlr. continenler ~ibi
constanter or convenienter.
cohort, n. cohors.
coin, I. n. nummtts; good — , nummi boni;
bad — , nummi adulterini. II. v.tr. cudere,
ferire, signare. coinage, n. res mtmmaria.
coiner, n. qui aes or nnmmos endit.
coincide, v.intr. 1, = to happen at the
same time, eodem tempore fieri, or incidere ; 2,
see Agree, coincidence, n. = chance, fors,
casus, -vs.
coition, n. coitus, •us.
'old, I. adj. 1, lit. frigidns, gelidus (— icy
cold): in — blood, consullo ; 2, lig. fastidiosus,
swperbus. Adv. 1, frigide, gelide ; 2, fustidi-
ose, svperbe. II. n. or coldness, n. frigus,
■oris, n., algor, gelu. cold-blooded, adj. sec
Cruel.
collapse, v.intr. collabi, concidere, corrtiere.
collar, I. n. coUare, monile, torques, -is, m.
and f. ; dog — , armilla ; rmrae — , jugvvi. II.
V.tr. vrehendere. collar-bone, n. jugulum.
collation, n. 1, = comparison, collatio; 2,
= a meal, cena. collate, v.tr. conferrc.
colleague, n. collega, ill.
collect, I. v.tr. colligere, conferre, comport-
are, conquirere,congercrc; — oneself, se colligere;
— money, taxes, etc., exigent, accipere. II.
v.intr. convent re, coire. collection, n. 1, of
money, collatio; 2, = an assemblage, thesaurus.
college, n. 1, = body, collegium, socielas,
sodalitas ; 2, = building, schola.
collier, u. 1, = a man, carbonarius ; 2, = a
ship, navis oneraria.
collocation, n. collocatio, concursus, -us.
colloquy, n. colloquium, colloquial,
adj. — speech, sermo communis.
collusion, n. collusio.
colonel, n. tribunus militum, praefectus.
colony, n. colonia, coloni. colonist, n.
colonus. colonial, adj. by gen. of colonia.
colonize, v.tr. coloniam constiluere or collo-
care.
colonnade, n. eolumnarum ordo, -inis, m.,
porlicus, -us, f.
colossal, adj. vastus, ingens, inmanis.
colour. I. n. 1, = a quality of bodies, color ;
2, = a paint, pigmentum ; 3, — pretext, species;
4, pi. = standards, signum, vexillum. II. v.tr.
I, lit. colorare, tingere, inficire; 2, fig. speciem
offcrrc. III. v.intr., see Blush.
colt, n. pullus equinus (of horse), asininus
(of ass).
column, n. 1, = a pillar, columna; 2, in
printing, pagina ; 3, in an army, agmen; iu
two — s, biparlito ; in three — s, tripartita.
comb, I. n. pecten ; (of a cock) crista, juba.
II. v.tr. pecterr.
combat, I. u. pugna, certamen, dimicatio,
concurstis, -us, proelium ; (with the fists) pngi-
latus, -us, pugilatio ; (in wrestling) luctatus, -us,
luctatio. II. v.intr., see Fioht.
combine, v.tr. (con)jungcre, consociare, cum
alqo societatem inire. combination, n. (con)-
junctio, societas.
combustion, n. emstio. combustible,
adj. quod comburi potest .
come, v.intr. (per)venire, advenire, accedere,
appropinquare (= to draw near); — on foot,
peditem venire; — on horseback, eqno (ud)vehi;
— to a place often, ad alqm (locum) ventitare,
alqm (locum) frequentare ; it — s into my mind,
in mentem venit; he — s to himself, ad se redit,
se colligit, animum recipit ; how — s it that? qui
factum est tit etc., ex quo fit vt, quo factum est
ut ; I know not how it. — s to pass, fit nescio
quomodo ; — as it may, vtcumque res ceciderit,
he has — to that audacity, eo usque auda-
ciae progressns est ut; to — about = happen,
evenire, fieri ; — in the way of, alci obstare; —
ne;ir, appropinquare; — off or out, evadere (=
escape); — round, sententiam tnutare; — to-
gether, mnvenire; — to light, in lucem proferri.
coming, ii. adventvs, -us, rcditio, reditus, -us.
comedy, n. comoedia. comic, adj. 1, =
belonging to comedy, comicus ; 2, = ridiculous,
ridiculus,facelus. Adv. ridicule, faccte.
comely, adj. bellus, vennsttm, pnlcher.
comeliness, n. venttstas, decor, pulchritndo.
comet, n. cometes, -ae, m.
comfort, I. v.tr. 1, = console, alqm con-
solar i ; 2, == refresh, alqm alqd re reficere, re-
ereare. II. n. 1, = consolation, solatium,
consolatio ; 2, ~ ease, copia, afiltientia ; 3, com-
forts, covimoda, -orum. comfortable, sdi,
com
661
com
grains ( = agreeable), jucundus ( = happy). Adv.
grate, jitcniule. comfortless, adj. 1, sins spe ;
2, = uncomfortable, incommodiis. comforter,
n. consolator.
command, I. v.tr. 1, alqm alqd facere
jubcre, alci alqd or id imperare ; — oneself, sibi
imperare; 2,= — a place, alci loco imminere.
II. n. 1, in war, imperiuvi ; 2, = order,
jussum, mandatum; of the senate, decretum;
8, = — of oneself, continentia, temperantia.
commander, n. dux, imperator ; of a fleet,
praefcctus classis. See Order.
commemorate, v.tr. commemorate, cele-
brare. commemoration, n. celebratio, com-
metiwratio ; in — of, in memoriam alcjs.
commence, v.tr. incipere; see Begin.
commend, v.tr. 1, = recommend, alqm alci
commendare ; 2, = praise, laudare. commend-
ation, n. commendatio, laus, -dis, f. com-
mendable, adj. laudabilis. Adv. lavdabiliter.
commendatory, adj. commendaticius.
comment, I. v.tr. interpretari, cxplan-
are, enarntre, cominentari. II. n. and com-
mentary, n. inter pretatio, explanatio, enur-
ratio, commentator, n. interpres, -His, in.
and f., explanator.
commerce, n. 1, = business, commercium,
negotia,-orum,mercatiira; 2, = intercourse, usus,
-iis, commercium, consuetude, commercial,
adj. ad commercium pertinens.
commingle, v.tr. see Mingle.
commiserate, v. be. commiseration,
n. see Pity.
commissariat, n. 1, = provision depart-
ment, res frumentaria ; 2, = officer over this
department, rei frumentarii praefectus. com-
missary, n. procurator.
• commission, I. n. 1, mandatum ; to
execute a — , mandatum exsequi, coiificcre ; 2 (as
an office or charge) munus, -em, n., procuratio ;
to hold a — in the army, ordines ducere ; 3, =
body of arbitrators, etc., arbitri, or gut alqd
investigant. II. v.tr. alqd alci or ut, mandare.
commissioner, n. procurator.
commit, v.tr. 1, = to intrust, dare, mandate,
.committere ; 2, = to send to prison, in custodiam
dare, in vincula con(j)icere ; 3, = do, facere,
committere (in se) admittere, patrare; — a fault,
frrare ; — murder, occidere.
committee, n. consilium; — of two, duum-
viri ; — of three, triumviri, etc.
commodious, adj. commodu-s, opportunus,
aptus. Adv. commode, opportune, apte. com-
modity, n. 1, = convenience, utilitas; 2, —
an article, res, commoditas, mens.
common, I. adj. 1, = belonging to several
people, communis, publicus; — wealth, or weal,
or good, respublica; — sense, communis sensus
,-us (that which all men feel), = practical
wisdom, prudentia ; in — , communiter ; 2,=
ordinary, plebeius, cot(t)idianu$ Ujuot.), vulgaris;
3, the — s, plebs. Adv. communiter ; = usually,
fere, ferine. II. n. ager puhlicus. common-
place, I. adj. vulgaris. II. n. alqd (scrmone)
tritum. commoner, n. vnus eplebe.
commotion, n. tuvuiltus, -its, motus, -its,
agittttio.
commune, v.intr. colloqui cum alqo, alqdcom-
municare or conferre inter se. communicate,
v.tr., sec Shark, Tei.i.. communication, n.
communicatio, usus, -iis, consuetudo. commu-
nicative, adj. Inqnax (= talkative), qui alqd
(e)>inrrarc vult. communion, n. 1, = inter-
course, commercium, societas, consuetudo, conjunc-
tio; 2, eccles.t.t. * communio, ' eucluirislia,* cena
Domini, community, n. 1, = Communion 1 ;
2, of goods, vitae commuuitas ; 3, = the state,
cioitas, respublica.
commute, v.tr. = to exchange, (per)mu-
tare, committors, commutation, n. commu-
tatio, redemptio.
compact, I. n. pactin, pactum, convention;
by — , ex pacto, ex convento ; to form a — , pactsci
cum 'alqo. II. adj. densus, crassus, conferlus,
solidits, pressus. Adv. solide, presse.
companion, n. comes, -itis, m. and f., socius,
sodalis, m. ; boon — , conviva, m. and f. com-
panionable, adj. affabilis, facilis. com-
panionship, n. by socius (e.g. he gave me his
— , se mild socium conjunxit). company, n.
societas; to form a — , societatem facere ; toeuter
into — with, alqm socium sibi jungere.
compare, v.tr. comparare, componere, con-
ferre. comparable, adj. quod compararipotest,
comjKirabilis. comparison, n. comparatio,
collatio ; in — of or with, prae, ad ; comparatus
ad alqd. comparative, adj. comparative.
Adv. co?npa?'a/e.
compass, I. n. 1, *acus magnetica nautar-
um; 2, — extent, ambitus, -us, circuitus, -us,
modus. II. v.tr. 1, = surround, alqd alci rei
or alqd re circumdare, stipare ; 2, = go round,
circumire ; 3, see Attain.
compassion, n. misericordia. compas-
sionate, adj. misericors. Adv. cummisericordid.
compatible, adj. see Accordance.
compatriot, n. civis, in. and f.
compel, v.tr. alqm ad alqd (faciendum) or
accus. and infln. or ut, cogere, adigere. compul-
sory, adj. per vim. compulsion, n. vis, ne-
cessitas ; by — , vi, per vim.
compendious, adj. brevis, in angustum
coactus, compendium, n. epitome, -es, f., or
epitoma, excerpla, -orum.
compensate, v.tr. alqd (cum) alqd re com-
pensare ; — a loss, damnum restituere. com-
pensation, n. compensatio.
compete, v.intr. 1, lit. cum alqo contendere ;
compelire ; 2, fig. alqm or alqd aemulari. com-
petent, adj. see Able. Adv. satis, compet-
ency, n. divitiae. competition, ii. aemu-
latio. competitor, n. aemulus, competitor.
compile, v.tr. in unum conferre. com-
pilation, n. epitome, -es, f., excerpta, -orum.
complacent, adj. 1, see Complaisant ; 2,
= self-satislied, qui sibiplar.et. complacency,
n. voluptas, delectatio, amor sui.
complain, v.intr. (cou)<2U€ri dere or alqd, ex-
postulare de re. complaint, n. 1, questus, -iis,
querimonia, querela, expostulalio ; 2,= illness,
morbus.
complaisant, adj. comis, indulgens, facilis ;
to be — to anyone, more?n alci genre.
complete, I. v.tr. complere, explere, sicp-
plire, aosolvere (=to finish), conficcre, annulare.
II. adj. absolutus, perfectus, Justus, integer,
plains. Adv. absolute, pcrfecte, omnino, j>rorsus,
plane (the last three — altogether), comple-
tion, n. confeclio, absolutio, finis, m. and f.
complement, n. complementu m, supplementum.
complex, adj. multiplex, complexity, n.
implicatio. complexion, n. cotor.
complicate, v.tr. implicare. compli-
cated, adj. difficilis, involutus, impeditus.
complication, n. res impeditu et difficilis,
diffictdtas.
compliment, I. n. 1, laus ; to pay — s,
laudem alci tribuere ; 2, = salutation, salutatio,
scdus, -ulis, f. ; to send one"s — s, alqm ralere
com
662
con
jnltfre. II. v.tr. laudare, eongratnlari. com-
plimentary, adj. honorificus.
comply, v.i nt Y."kiobsequi,alci morcmgercre;
to — with one's requests, alcjs prrcibus indulge re.
compliance, n. obsequium, indulgeutia, offi-
cinm. compliant, adj. see Complaisant.
components, n. partes, -him, f.
compose, v.tr. 1, a book, (con)scribere ; in
verse, rcrsibus scribere 7 2, of music, modos
faccrc ; 3, see Arrange ; 4, = to reconcile differ-
ences, componere. composed, adj. tranquillus,
quietus. Adv. tranquille, quiete. composer,
n. scriptor. composition, n. 1, = the act,
eompositio ; 2, = a writing, scriptum. compo-
sure, n. tranquiUitas.
■ compound, I. v.tr. 1, lit. componere, eon-
fundcre ; 2, fig. componere ; to be — ed of, ex al j
re constare ; 3, — lor, satis habere with accus.
and intin. II, adj. compositus, multiplex. III.
n. 1, res admixta; 2, = an enclosure, saeptum.
comprehend, v.tr. 1, = contain, continere,
coinpreheudere ; 2, = understand, compr(eh)en-
dere, intellegere (intellig.), perspicere. compre-
hensible, adj. facilis intellectu, ^rspicuus,
planus. Adv. plane, perspicue, apern,. com-
prehension, n. comprehensio, intclleyentia.
comprehensive, adj. late ixttens. Adv. pen-
itus, promts.
compress, I. v.tr. comprimere, condensare,
coartare. II. n. = bandage, penicillus or peni-
•Hllnm. compression, n. oompressio, com-
pressus, -us.
compromise, I. v.tr. compromittcre (i.e.
agreement to abide by the decision of an ar-
bitrator). II. n. compromissum, see Aoree.
compulsion, n. see Compel.
compunction, n. ,poenitentia ; I have —
for, poenitet vie ret.
compute, v.tr. computare, see Reckon.
comrade, n. = a fellow-soldier, cuntubemalis,
commilito, socius. comradeship, n. contu-
bernium.
conoave, adj. conmvus.
conceal, v.tr. celare, occidtare alqd alqm.
concede, v.tr. conccdere. concession, n.
concescs: wncessus, -its.
conceit, n. 1, = opinion, opinio, sententia ;
2, = pride, arrogantia, fastidiitm. conceited,
R(lj. arrngans, fastidiosiis. Adv. arraganter,
fastidiose.
conceive, v.tr. 1, physically, concipere; 2,
fig. cogitare, intellegere (intellig.); see Imagine.
concentrate, v.tr. colligere, contrahere, in
it more conferre.
conception, n. 1, = procreation, concej,tio,
conceptus, -Us; 2, in the mind, notin, opinio;
to form a — , mente fingere alqd, notionem rei
(animo) concipere.
concern, I. n. 1, res, negotinm, cura; 2, fig.
anxietas, sol(l)ici!udo, cura. II. v.tr. 1, = to re-
late to, pert in? re ad idqd ; it — s, refert, interest ;
to — oneself, alci studlre ; 2, to be — ed =
troubled, alqd aegreferre. concerning, prep.
de, abl. ; per, OCCUS.
concert, I. n. 1, symphonic, eoncentns, -its,
certamen musieum ; 2, = agreement, consensus,
-its, concordia. II. v.tr. in ire consilium de
alfjd re, pacisci alqd cum ulqo.
conciliate, v.tr. coneiliare. conciliation,
n. conciliatio. conciliatory, adj. blandvs.
concise, adj. brevvs, pressus. Adv. presse,
breviter. conciseness, n. brevitas.
conclave, a., see Assembly.
conclude, v.tr. l,=to finish, finire, conficere,
coneludere ; 2,=todrawa conclusion, coneludere;
3, =to decide, statitere, constituere. conclu-
sion, n. 1, finis, in. and f. ; 2. conclusio. con-
clusive, adj. gravis. Adv. graviter.
concoct, v.tr. 1, = to mix, miscere; 2,
fig. fingere, machinari. concoction, n. potus,
-its.
concomitant, adj., -ly, adv., cum with
abl.
concord, n. concordia, consensus, -'iis. con-
cordant, adj. concors, congruens, consjiirans.
Adv. congruenter.
concourse, n. concursus, -iis, conenrsio.
concrete, adj. concretus(= grown together),
solidus (= solid).
concubinage, n. conevbinatus, -iis. con-
cubine, n. concubina, pellex.
concupiscence, n. libido (tub.).
concur, v.intr. consentire, congruere, con-
venire, concurrence, n. consensio, consensus,
■iis. concurrent, adj., -ly, adv. una, aimuL
concussion, n. concussio, concursus, -iis.
condemn, v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare ; —
to death, alqm capitis damnare or condemnare;
2, = disapprove, improbare, reprehendere, *cul-
pare, condemnation, n. 1, damnatio ; 2,
reprehensio, culpa, condemnable, adj. re-
preliendendus, repreliensione dignus. condem-
natory, adj. damnatorins.
condense, I. v.tr. densare, spissd're. II.
v.intr. concrescere. condensation, n. densato.
condescend, v.intr., comiler sc genre, con-
descending, adj. comis, facilis. Adv. comiter.
condescension, n. comitas, facilitas.
condign, adj. 1, = due, debitus, mcritus;
2, = severe, acerbns, atrox.
condiment, n. condimentum.
condition, I. n. 1, = state, condicio, res,
status, -iis; 2, = stipulation, condicio, pactum,
conventum; under the — , ed condicione, ed lege.
II. v.tr. circv.mscriMre. conditional, adj.
incertus, condicionibus subjectus. Adv. eo pacta
ut, etc., iiore sine exception e. conditioned,
adj. affectus ; well, ill — , bene, male morutus.
condole, v.tr. casum alcjs dolere.
conduce, v.intr. Jadre or efflccre ut. con-
ducive, adj utilis, dat, or ad.
conduct, I. v.tr. 1, = to lead, ducfre, agere ;
in a procession, deducere, prosequi ; 2, = manage,
gerere, administrare ; — oneself, se gerere or
praebere. II. n. 1, = behaviour, vitac ratio,
mores, -urn; 2, = management, adminislratio,
procuratio. conductor, n. dux, procurator.
conduit, n. aqnaeditctus, -us.
cone, n. conns.
confectionery, n. dvlcia, -turn, confec-
tioner, n. pistor dulciarius (late).
confederacy, n. foedus, -cris, n., sneietas.
confederates.il. socii, foederuti. confeder-
ate, adj. foederatus.
confer, I. v.intr. = to talk with, deliberare,
consulture de alqd re. or vtrum. II. v.tr. si ■■
Give, conference, n. consilium, colloquium.
confess, v.tr. /uteri, confiteri. confessed-
ly, adv. sine diibio, j'lane. confession, U.
eonfessio.
confide, I. v.tr. alqd alci committere, traders,
mandate, credere. II. v.intr. — in, alci or alci
rei or alqo or alqd re (con)fidcre. confidant, n.
(alcjs reijeonscius, conscia. confidence, n. fides,
fiducia, fidentia, confident ia (=esp. self — ); to
tell in — , alci nt amico certissimo dicere. con-
eon
663
eon
fident, adj. aid (ret) confidens, alqd refretus, or
by certus, coufirmatns ; see Certain. Adv.
(am)fidenter. confidential, adj. l, = trust-
worthy, fid us, fidelis, or alrjs rei consents; 2, see
Secret. Adv. see Secretlv. confiding, adj.
credttlus.
confine, I. n. finis, m. and f., terminus,
limes, -His, conliuium. II. v.tr. 1, see Re-
strain ; 2, see Imprison ; 3, to be — d in
childbed, parere. confinement, n. 1, = im-
prisonment, custodia; 2, = childbirth, partus,
•us.
confirm, v.tr. affirmare, confirmare, suncire,
ratwn facire, ratttm esse jubcre.
confiscate, v.tr. publiaxre. confiscation,
n. publicatio.
conflagration, u. incendium, ignis, m.
conflict, I. n. certamen, pugna, proelium;
of opinions, dissensio. II. v.intr. 1, = to strike
together, ameurrim; 2, — to tight, pugnare;
3, = to differ, dissentire, discrepare, rcpugnare.
confluence, n. 1, = the place where rivers
meet, confluens or confluentes ; 2, see Con-
course.
conform, I. v.tr. alqd ad alqd or alci rei
accommodare. II. v.intr. to — to, alci or alci rei
obsequi, obtempcrare, inservire. conformable,
adj. ad alqd accommodatus, alci rei or cum alqd
re congruens, conveniens, consentaneity. Adv. con-
gruenter, convenienter. conformation, n. eon-
Jormatio, forma, conformity, n. consensus,
■its, consensio, convenientia.
confound, v.tr. 1, see Confuse; 2, = to
astonish, percutere, consternare ; 3, = to bring to
naught, ad irritum redigere, evertere; 4, as an ex-
clamation, — it, di pcrdaut.
confraternity, n. fratemitas, societas, so-
dalitas.
confront, v.tr. adversus alqm stare, alci ob-
viam ire.
confuse, v.tr. eonfundire, (per)misccre, (per)-
turbare. confusion, n. confusio, perturbatio.
confute, v.tr. refellere, redargucre, conftttare,
re/ittare.
congeal, I. v.tr. (con)gelure. II. v.intr.
(conjgelan, frigere, altfire.
congenial, adj. alci or alci rei or cum alqd
re congmens, conveniens; = pleasant, jucitndus.
congeries, n. congeries.
congratulate, v.tr. alci de alqd re, or alqd
or quod, gratulari. congratulation, n. gratu-
latio. congratulatory, adj. gratulahundus.
congregate, I. v.tr. coglre, congregare. II.
v.intr. cog i, congrcgari, convenire, coire, conflttere
congregation, n. conventus, -us, coetus, -us
concio.
congress, n. conventus, -us, concilium.
congruity, n. convenientia, see Conform.
congruous, adj., see Conformable.
conjecture, I. n. conjectura, opinio, suspicio,
divinaho. II. v.tr. conjectura augurari or con-
sequi. conjectural, adj. quod conjectura pro-
spin potest. Adv. conjectttrd.
conjugal, adj. conjugalis.
conjugate, v.tr. declinare (Gram.), con-
jugation, n. declinatio (Gram.).
Jo?N nJUnCti ° n ' "' (Gram ->> conjunctio, see
conjure I. v.tr. 1,= to entreat, obtestari, ob-
seenm per alqm or alqd; 2, = to move by magic
torms, admrare; to — up, (mortuorwn) animus
eltcere. II. v.intr. = to act as a conjurer, prae-
sligias ttgere. conjurer, n. + magns, venti-
lator, + praestigiator.
connect, v.tr. alqd atl alqdalligare, (con)jnn-
gere alqd or alqm cum re. connected, adj.
= coherent, continens. Adv. continenter, una
tenore. connexion, n. 1, conjunctio, societas;
2, = by marriage, afflnis.
connive (at), v.intr. co(n)nicere in alqd re,
alci rei or alci alqd ignoscere, alci or alci rei in-
dttlgere. connivance, n. indulgentia. -
connoisseur, n. artium liberalium peritus,
homo ductus.
conquer, v.tr. vincere, capcre, cxpugnare,
superare. conqueror, n. victor, conquest,
n. victoria, occupatio, expugnatio.
consanguinity, n. sanguinis conjunctio.
conscience, n. conscientia virtutis et vilior-
um, c. factorum, c. mentis, religio, fides; a good
— , c. rectefacti, mens bene sibiconscia; to have a
good — , nullius culpae sibi conscium esse ; a bad
— , c. scelerum, mens male sibi conscia. con-
scientious, adj. religiosus, sanctus. Adv.
religiose, sttnetc conscientiousness, n.
religio, sanctitas, fides.
conscious, adj. alcjs rei conscius, gnaras.
Adv. use adj. (e.g. I did it — , gnarusfec'i).
conscription, n. delectus, -us, conquisitio
mililuin.
consecrate, v.tr. (con)secrare, (de)dicare.
consecrated, adj. saemtus, sacer. conse-
cration, n. dedicatio.
consecutive, adj. continens, conlinuus.
Adv. continenter.
consent, I. v.intr., see Agree. II. n. 1,
consensus, -us, consensio ; 2, consensus, -iis, assen-
sus, -us, see Agreement ; with your — , te con-
sentiente.
consequent, adj. consequens. Adv., see
Therefore, consequence, n. 1, = result,
consecutio, exitus, -iis, eventus, -its ; the — was
that, ex quo factum est ut; in — of, ex or prat
alqd re, quae cum ita sint, itaquc ; 2, — import-
ance, auctoritas, momentum, pondus, -erit, n ; to
be of — , multum valire.
conserve, I. v.tr. 1, see Keep; 2, of fruit,
coiulire. II. n. = jam, fructus conditi. con-
servation, n. conservatio. conservative,
I. adj. optimatibus addictus. II. n. units ex
optimatibus. conservatory, n. (locus) ad
plantas colendas vitreis munitus.
consider, v.tr. 1, = to look at, spectare, in-
tueri,conlemplari; 2, — to regard, ducerc, habere,
exlstimare ; 3, see Think ; 4, — to be thoughtful
for, alqm respicere. considerable, adj. mag-
nus, gravis; also by aliquantum with genit.
(al. praedae, — plunder ; al. aeris ulieni, —
debt) ; a — number, multitttdo, vis. Adv. bK-
quanto or aliquantum. considerate, adj.
1, •= thoughtful, providus, providens, prudens,
cautus ; 2, = thoughtful for others, alqm respi-
ciens, alci consulens, benignus. Adv. 1, provide,
providenter, prudenter, caute; 2, benigne. con-
sideratcness, n. 1, providentia, rirudentia;
2, benignitas. consideration, n. 1, with the
eyes, contemplatio, conspectus, -its; 2, with the
mind, judicium, meditatio, commentatio, consil-
ium; 3, = thought for anyone, alcjs resjx>cri«,
-us; 4, = motive, ratio; from these — s, quae
cum ita sint ; 5, see Importance ; with — , con-
siderate, consulto, consilio; to act with good — ,
bono consiliofacere alqd.
consign, v.tr. deferre alqd ad alqm, credire,
mandare alnd alci ; to — to the flames, alqd in
fiammas con(J)ic6rc.
consist, v.intr. = to be made of, in or ex alqd
con
664
con
n constare, composition esse, consistirc, alqd re
Conlineri. consistent, adj. 1, — with, cum alqd
re congruous, conveniens, concors, or by esse with
the geuit. (e.g. it is — with my character, mei
est); 2, = unchanging, constants. Adv. congru-
enter, convenienter, constanter. consistence,
consistency, n. 1, = thickness, crassitudo,
soaditas ; 2, = agreement, constant ia.
console, v.tr. consolari alqm, solatium afferre
or solatia esse aid. consolation, n. solatium,
consolatio. consoler, n. consolator.
: consonant, I. n. = a letter, consonans
(li(t)tera). II. adj. consentaneous, congruus cum
alqd re.
consort, I. n. comes, -itis, m. and f., socius,
soda; = husband or wife, maritus, marita;
conju(n)x, in. and f., uxor, f. II. v.intr. alqo
familiariier uti, alci socium esse.
conspicuous, adj. 1, = visible, conspicuus,
clarus, manifestus; 2, = remarkable, insigni-
Adv. dare, manifeste, mirum in modum.
conspire, v.intr. conjurare, conjurationem
facere, conspirare. conspiracy, n. conjuratio,
conspiraiio. conspirator, n. conjnratus, -us,
conjurationis socius.
constable, n, ajqmrilor.
constant, adj. 1, = incessant, continuvs,
perpetuus; 2, = faithful, Jidelis. Adv. perpetuo,
continuo, fideliter. constancy, n. 1, =
patience, patientia, constantia ; 2, = perse-
.verance, perseverantia, pervicacia ; 3, = continu-
ance, perpetuitas ; 4, = fidelity, fides, fidelitas.
constellation, n. sidus, -iris, n., stella.
consternation, n. see Terror.
constipate, v.tr. med. t.t. alvum a(d)strin-
gere or cohibcre.
constitnte, v.tr. statutre, constitucrc, desig-
nare. constituent, adj. pars or res (e.g. —
parts, alcjs rei partes, res e quibus alqd constat).
constitution, n. 1, of body, coiporis consti-
tutio, affectio, habitus, -us; a good — , corpus bene
constitutum; a weak — , corporis imbecillitas; 2,
of a state, civitatis forma, reipnblicae ratio.
constitutional, adj. 1, innatus, i»*itus; 2,
legitimus. Adv. 1, e uaturd; 2, legitime.
constrain, v.tr. alqm consthngtre, vicofirere
alci neccssitatem imponfre alcjs rei facienaae.
constraint, n. vis; to do by — , alqd imnturn,
facere. constrained, adj. = unnatural,
inritus; of speech, oratio contorta, pcrplexa,
difficilis; & — \t>nk,vultusfictus; a - laugh, risus
invitus.
construct, v.tr., see Bun.n, Make, con-
struction, n. 1, = act of — , aedificatio, con-
struct io ; 2, = interpretation, interpretation, to
put a good, bad — on, alqd in bonam, malum
partem acciiwre ; 3. = — of a sentence, rompositio.
construe, v.tr., see Interpret.
consult, v.tr. alqm consulere, consilium
petere ab alqo ; to — anyone's interests, alci con-
sulere.
consume, v.tr. edere. consumption, n.
consumptio ; = the disease, tabes, phthisis (I'lin.).
consummate, I. v.tr. absolvere, cumnlare,
perficere, conficer*. II. adj. sumpiv:-, absottttus,
perfectus, or by superl. (e.g. vir doctissimns, of
— learning). Adv. summe, absolute, perfecte.
consummation, n. absolutio, perfectio.
contact, n. tactio, (fionytadus, -us. con-
tagion, n. contagio. contagious, adj. pes-
tilens.
contain, v.tr. continere, amplecti, compre*
hendere ; to -- yourself, se cohibere, temperure sibi
quominvs, etc.
contaminate, v.tr. contaminare, inquin*
are, pnlluere. contamination, n. contami-
natio, macula, labes, -is, f.
contemplate, v.tr. contemplari. con-
templation, n. contemplatio. contempla-
tive, adj. in contemplations (rerum) versutus ;
see Consider.
contemporaneous, adj. quod codem tem-
pore est ovjit. Adv. uno tempore, simul. con-
temporary, n. aequalis, qui ejusdem aetatis
est.
contempt, n. contemptus, -us, faslidium.
contemptible, adj. contemnendus, abjectus,
txirpis. Adv. turpitcr.
contend, v.intr. 1, = fight, cum alqo certare,
dimicare, pugnare, alci resistcre ; 2, fig. alci (rei)
resistere ; 3, see ARGUE, contention, n. see
Strife, Quarrel, Argument, contentious,
adj. aemulus. Adv. summd vi.
content, I. v.tr. alci satisfacere. II. adj.
sorte sua contentus. Adv. tranquiUe. content-
ment, n. tranquillitas animi, animus tranquil-
Ivs. contents, n. quod in libro continetur,
argumentum, scripta, -orum.
conterminous, adj. alci loco confinis.
contest, I. n. certatio, certamen. II. v.intr.
contendere; see Contend.
context, n. argumentum or ratio rerborvm
(opp. to singula verba).
contiguous, adj. propinquus ; see Conter-
minous, contiguity, n. propinqnilas.
continence, n. continentia, temperantia,
castitas, castimonia. continent, I. adj. con-
tiyiens, castus. Adv. caste. II. n. continens.
continental, adj. by genit. of continens.
contingent, I. adj. fortuitus, forte oblatiis.
II. n. quantum militum quueque civitas mitt ere
debet, auxilia, -oruvi. contingency, n.
casus, -us ( = a chance).
continual, adj. continuus, perpetuus, as-
siduus. Adv. continentcr, assiduo, perpetuo.
continuance, n. constantia, perpetuitas,
assiduitas, continuatio, diuturnitas. con-
tinuation, n. 1, see Continuance ; 2, =
the latter part, reliqua ixtrs. continue,
1. v.tr. 1, = carry on, alqd extendere, pro-
ducers, persequi, continnare ; to — after an in-
terruption, renovare. II. v.intr. 1, = go on
with, in alqd re perseverare ; 2, = last, durare,
manere, stare, continuity, n. continuatio,
perpetuitas.
contort, v.tr. depravare, dctorquere, distor-
quire, contortion, n. distorlio, depravalio.
contraband, n. merces vetilae.
contract, I. n. pactum, conventio, condicio,
conductio, locatio, syngrapha. II. v.tr. 1,
= draw in, ah/d contrahere (in all meanings of
Engl.) ; 2, = agree to do, alqd redimcre, alqdfacien ■
dum condueert (opp. to alqd faciendum hear*', to
give out on — ). III. v.intr. 1, se contrahire :
2, = grow shorter, minui. contraction, n. 1,
contractio: 2,= — in writing, compendium, con-
tractor, n. conductor, redemptor.
contradict, v.tr. 1, = to speak against,
alci obloqui, contra dicere (without dat. and in
two words); 2, fig. (inter se) repugnarc, ab alqd
re disseutire, discrepare. contradiction, n. 1,
quod contra dictum est; 2, repugnantia, discre-
jnntia, dirersitas. contradictory, adj. co»-
Irarius, repugnans, diversus. Adv. contrarie,
diverse.
contrary, adj. adversns, (alcjs rei, dat.,
inter se) contrarius; a — wind, stream, ventus
adversus, ftumen adversum ; on the — , contra, ex
N
con
665
cor
contrario ; in answers immo (vera); — to,
printer, or contra with ;iccus.
contrast, I. u. asjieritas (in building, etc.),
diversitas, vurietas, dissimilitudo, discrepantiu.
II. v.tr. ulqd cum ulqd re comparare, confcrre.
contravene, v.tr. repugnare, ulqd violare.
contribute, v.tr. 1,= to give towards, pe-
cuiiiam cou/erre, dure; — to something, ad (or
in) ulqd dare; 2, fig. = to assist, vim habere
ail ; ralere ud, prodesse, udjavare ud, Jaei re ut,
ejficcre vt ; it — s much to glory, magni interest
ud landem (with infill, and accus. following).
contribution, n. dips, pecunia ; to levy a
— , iiecuniam acivitutibus cogere. contributor,
ii. 1, in geu. qui ulqd dat; 2, — — to a magazine,
scriptor.
contrite, adj. see Sorrowful, contri-
tion, n. poeniteatia ; I feel — , poenitet me
rei.
contrive, v.tr. excogitare, invenirc, fingerc ;
— to do anything, fucire or ejficcre ut. contri-
vance, n. 1, = act of — , inventio, excogitatio ;
2, = thing contrived, inventum; 3, — plan, ratio,
consilium.
control, I. n. 1, — power, poteslus, impe-
rium, dicio ; 2, self — , moderatio, tempera-
tio. II. v.tr. ulqd moderuri, cohibcre, coercere,
reprimiire; — oneself, sibi temperare, se con-
tiucre.
controversy, n. contivvcrsia, altercatio,
disceptutio, contentio. controversial, adj.
controversus (= disputed). Adv. per disputa-
tionem. controvert, v.tr. rtfeUere, refuiare.
controvertible, a-jj. dubius, ambiguus.
contumacy, n. pertinw;ia, contumacia.
contumacious, adj. contumax, pertinax.
Adv. contumacitei; pertinacitcr.
contumely, n. contumelia. contumeli-
ous, adj. contumeliosus, probrosus. Adv. cun-
tumeliose.
convalescence, n. sanitas restituta, vale-
tudo confirmata. convalescent, adj. use
verb convalesce re.
convene, v.tr. convocare. convenient,
adj. commodvs, opporlunus, ad ulqd (or dat.) uc-
commodatus, idoneus. Adv. commode, opjwrtune,
accommodate, convenience, n. commoditas,
commodum, occusio, opportunitus. convent,
see Cloister, convention, n. 1, conventus,
-fts, foedus, -eris, u., pactio ; 2, = custom, mos.
conventional, adj. tra(>is)laticius, a
majoribus trudilus, usu receptus ; it is — ,
•maris est, in more est. Adv. ex usu, dat. mos est.
converge, v.intr. se inclinuread or in alqm
or ulqd.
conversation, n. sermo, sermo cof(t)idia-
mis (quot.), or communis, colloquium; to be the
subject of — , in ore omnium esse, converse,
I. v.intr. cotloqui cum alqo, serm. habere cumulqo
de re. II. adj. see Contrary, conversant,
adj. in alqa re vcrsatus or cxercitatus, ulcjs rei
peritvs.
convert, I. v.tr. 1, see Chance; 2, =
change anyone's opinion, alqm in aliam mentem
adducere; be — ed, sententium mvtare. II.
n. qui ad aliam opinionem (e.g. Christiunam)
add actus est. conversion, n. 1, = change,
iconi)mvtatio, conversio ; 2, = change of opinion,
sententiae or inorum mututio, = — to Christi-
anity, acccssioad Christi doctrinam.
convex, adj. convexus.
convey, v.tr. 1, see Carry; 2, legal t.t.
alqd alci trunscribere, (con)ceilere. convey-
ance, n. 1, see Carriace ; 2, legal t.t. cessio,
transcriptio, conveyancer, n, scriba, in,
convict, I. v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare
alqm; 2, = ahow falsehood, etc., alqd convin-
cere, redurguhe. II. n. dumnutus, maleficus.
conviction, n. 1, dammit io ; 2, opinio, sen-
tentiu, judicium.
convince, v.tr. persuadere de re; be con-
vinced, aid persuaswm esse, exploralvin, or cogni-
turn habere, convincing, adj. ad pcrsuuden-
dum accommodulus, gravis. Adv. graviter.
convivial, adj. hilaris, jucundus. con-
viviality, n. hilaritas.
convoke, v.tr. convocare.
convoy, I. n. piaesidium, custodia. II.
v.tr. alqm praesidii caus(s)d comitari.
convulse, v.tr. agitate, percutere, (co»i)nio-
vere; — the state, civitatemquassare, labefucture.
convulsion, ll. spasmus, convulsio (Plin.).
convulsive, adj. s]>asticus (Plin.).
cook, I. n. coquus. II. v.tr. coquere.
cookery, ll. res coquinaria.
cool, I. adj. 1, lit. frigidus; 2, fig. Iran-
quillus (of temperament), supci'bus, fastidiosus
(—haughty), fortis (= brave), impudens (= im-
pudent). II. n. frigus, -oris, n., algor. III.
v.tr. re/rigcrure. IV. v.intr. 1, lit. frigescere,
frigcrc ( = be — ), algere( — feel — ) ; 2, fig. defer-
vescire, animum remittcre. coolness, n. 1, lit.
frigus, -oris, n. ; 2, tig. superbia, fastidium
( = pride), fortitude ( = courage), inimicitia
( = unfriendliness). Adv. frigide, aequo animo,
tranquille, supcrbe, fastidiose, fortiter, impudenter
( = with effrontery).
cooper, n. vietor.
co-operate, v.intr.wwd ugire, alqm(iul)juvare.
cooperation, n. opera, auxilium. copart-
ner, co-operator, n. socius ; see Companion.
cope, v.intr. — with, mm, alqo or alqd re
certare, alci resistcre.
coping, u. corona, fastigium.
copious, adj. copiosus, abundan* lr —gus.
Adv. copiose, ubumlanter, large, copiousness,
n. copia, abundantia.
copper, I. n. aes, aeris, n., aes Cyprium ;
— money, rudera, -urn; — vessel, a(h)eneum.
II. adj. a(h)eneii5.
coppice, copse, u. virgultum.
copulation, n. coitus, -us.
copy, I. n. 1, exemplum, exemplar (= model,
— of a book, etc.) ; 2, — (book), for a child,
lit(t)erae praeformatae. II. v.tr. 1, = imitate,
imitari ; 2, of painters, writers, pingere, descri-
bere ; — from the life, similiiudinem ex vero
ejfingere.
coquet, v.tr. viro spelliclre. coquette, n.
quae viros pellicit.
cord, I. n. restis, funis, in. II. v.tr. constrin-
gere, colligare. cordon, n. milites.
cordial, adj. ex animo amicus, benignus,
cotnis. Adv. benigne, comiter, amice, cor-
diality, n. benig niUis, comitas, amicitia. .
core, n. nucleus, granuvi, semen ( s= seed),
cork, I. n., cortex. II. v.tr. obturu.-e.
corn, ii. frumentum,fruges,-uin, i.,innona;
— measure, modi as.
corn, ii. on the foot, claims.
corner, n. angulas ; done in a — , in occulh.
cornet, n. 1, an instrument, cornu, buccino'
2, military t.t. vexillarius, signifer.
cornice, n. corona.
corollary, n. consectarium.
coronation, n. (dies ete) quo rex diudemfi
accipit,
cor
6C6
COW
coroner, a. magistrates qui de mortuis in-
quirit.
corporal, I. n. deeuiria. II. adj. by genii.
of corpus, -Oris, n. corporal-punishment,
11. verbera, -um; to inflict — , cerberibus casti-
gare.
corporation, n. sodalitas (religious), muni-
cipium, concilium, collegium.
corps, d. manus, -us, f., pars exercitns, ala
eguitum, agmen.
corpse, 11. cadaver, -cris, m.
corpulent, adj. obcsvs. corpulence, u.
corpus obesum.
correct, I. v.tr. 1, = improvo, corrigere,
emendare; — a book for the press, menda libro
tollerc; 2, = punish, punire, casligare. II. a>ij.
I, of conduct, houestus, rectus.; 2, of style, emeu-
darns, rectus, jmrus, accuratus ; 3, = tine, vents.
Adv. reete, honeste, pure, vera, correctness,
n. use adjectivss (e.g. the — of a thing, res
recta).
correspond, V.iutr. 1, = agree, respondere
alci rei or ad alqd, convenire alci rei ; 2, to — by
letter, Ut(t)eras dare ct accipere ; — with, cum
alqo per lit(t)eras colloqui. correspondent,
n. qui alqd per lit(t)eras (crebrius) commnnicat.
correspondence, a. per lit(t)eras. corres-
ponding, adj. par. Adv. pariter.
corroborate, v.tr. ratum face re or efficere,
confirmare, comprobare. corroboration, n.
confinnutio.
corrode, v.tr. ctodirc. corrosive, adj.
qui (quae, quod) erodit.
corrupt, I. adj. perditus, prolligatus, turpis,
corruptns. Adv. perdite, turpiter. II. v.tr.
putrefacere, corrv.rn.pere (lit and llg.); depravare,
vitiare, perdcrc, perm-tire (lit.). III. v.iutr.
putrefieri, enrrumpi (all llg.). corrupter, n.
corrupter, qui corrumpit, etc.. corruptible,
adj. quod corrumpi potest, corruption, n. cor-
ruptio, depravatio, corrvptela. corrupting,
adj. pernictosus, exitiosus.
corsair, n. pirata, m.
corslet, n. thorax, lorica, pectoris teg(i)meii or
teg(i)mentum.
cortege, n. comihUns, -vs.
coruscation, n. futguralio, fulgor, splendor.
cosmetic, n. fucus.
cost, I. ii. sumptus, -us, impensa, praemium,
vierixs, -cdis, f. (=wages). II. v.tr. alqd (constat
or venit or mulitur or emUur (with genit. of the
exact price) ; to — little, parvo stare ; very little,
minima, costly, adj. sumptiuisus, magna sump-
tu, pretiosus. oostlincss, u. cariias.
costume, n. habitus, -us, ornatus, -us.
cottage, n. casa, tugurium. cottager, n.
rusticus.
cotton, n. gos$ypion(-ium) (Plin.).
couch, I. n. lectus, lectulus. II. v.tr. 1,
= stretch out, porrigere ; to — spears, hastas
dirigcre ; 2, = express, (con)scribirc. III. v.intr.
cubare, latere, dclitesccre.
cough, I. n. funis. H. v.intr. tussirc.
council, n. concilium, council-chamber,
n. curia, councillor, n. consitiarius, senator.
counsel, I. n. 1, = consultation, consultatio,
deliberate ; 2, = advice, consilium, auctoritas.
II. v.tr. see Advise.
count, n. * comes, county, n. 'amitatiu,
•vs.
count, v.tr. 1, computare ; 2, — upon, alci
confldere; see Reckon, Consider, counter,
n. 1. = — of a shop, use mensa; 2, ~ — for
reckoning, calculus, countless, adj. in tiu»
mcrabilis.
countenance, I. n. 1, wltus, os, oris, a.; 2,
— protection, praesidium. II. v.tr. alci favcre,
opemferre.
counter, adv. = against, contra, counter-
act, v.tr. alci resistive, counter-balance,
parem esse alci. counterfeit, I. v.tr. si mulare;
II. adj. simulatus ; — money, nummus advl-
lerinus. counterpane, n. 'lodix. counter-
part, n. res alci sim i! lima, counterpoise,
v.tr. alqd cum alqd re (cul)acquarc.
country, n. 1, opp. to town, rus; in flie — ,
ruri; 2, = one's native land, patria; of what
— ? cvjas ' of our — , nostras; 3, — region, terra,
■ cgio. country-house, n. villa, country-
man, ii. 1, homo rusticus ; 2, = fellow — , civis,
nostras, pi. nostri. country-town, n. muni-
cipium.
couple, I. n. par, biui ; in married life,
conjuges, mariti. II. v.tr. (con)jungcre ; — with,
copulare cum re, miscere re.
courage, n. animus, audacia, ferociu (=i\crca
courage), fortitudo, virtus, -Otis, f. coura-
geous, adj. fortis, audax,ferox, strcuuus. Adv.
fortiter, audacler, fcrociter, slrcnue.
courier, n. nuntius.
course, I. n. 1, (de)cursvs, -us; — of water,
lapsus, -us; — of the stars, motus, -us ; the — of
nature, naturae lex; lig. the — of life, vitae cur-
riculum; 2, = plan, ratio, consilium; 3, =
progress, tenor, cursus, -lis, via, progressus, -ns;
4, = — of time, in (e.g. in Mo anno) ; in — of a
few, many days, intra paucos, multos dies; 5,
= — at a dinner, ferculum ; 6, = — of lectures,
a'qm audiie ; 7, = manner of life, mores, -urn,
vitae ratio. II. v.tr. venari. of course, adv.
ncccssario, plane, q>rors-us; in answers, sane.
court, I. ii. 1, =an open space, area; 2, =
royal — ,■ aula, rcgia; 3,= courtiers, nobiUs,
■itna ; 4, = — of justice, forum, tribunal, svb-
sellia, -or v ui. II. v.tr. 1, of a lover, ulqam (in
malrimonium) pctcre ; 2, = to seek to obtain,
quaerere, capture, courtier, n. ndbUis. cour-
teous, adj. cowis, communis. Adv. urbane,
comiter. courtesy, courteousness, n.
urbanitas, comitas. courtship, n. amor or
verb, in matrimonium pctcre.
cousin, n. (con)sobrinus (-a.) (on the mother's
side), patrtielis (a father's brother's child).
covenant, I. U. pactio, pactum, conventwn.
II. v.tr. pocteci cum ubjo.
cover, I. n. 1, of a bed, etc., lodir, leg(i)mcn,
stragulum, gausapa ; = lid, operimentum ; 2, =
shelter, per/ugium i under — of, alqd re teclus ;
fig. = pretence, per speciemalcjs rei. II. v.tr.
1, (con)tegcre, abtegcre, operire, vetare ; 2, = pro-
tect, protegere, de/endcre; =to secure against
loss, cavere alqd; 3, = overwhelm, !if,'. alqd in
alqm conferre, or by special verbs (e.g. — with
abuse, alci maXedicere).
covert, I. n. 1, = shelter, latebra, pcrfu-
giv.m ; 2, = thicket, virgultum. II. adj. teclus.
See Secret.
covet, v.tr. rdqd appetert , iscere, c«pi-
ditate rei flagrare. covetous, adj. umrns.
Adv. acare. covetousness, n. avaritia.
COW, ii. vtriyi. cow-herd, n. armcntariv.s.
cow-hide, n. curium uaceae.
cowa: d, n. 7io;no ignavus, timidns. cow-
ardly, adj. ignnvus, timidns. Adv. ignore,
timide. cowardliness, n. metus, -Us, ignavia,
cower, v.intr. perterriium esse,
cowl, n. cvcullus.
cox
667
cru
coxcomb, n. homo ineptus.
coy, adj. verecundus. coyness, n. pudor,
verecundia.
COZ60, v.tr. see Cheat.
crab, n. cancer, crabbed, ailj. 1, = f 11-
teuipered, morosus; 2, = intricate, difficilis,
impeditus. Adv. morose, dijjicullcr.
crack, I. n. 1, = noise, crepitus, -vs (e.g. —
of the fingers, digitorum crepitus), tfragor ; 2, =
fissure, rima. II. v.intr. crcpare, (dif)Jindi, dis-
silire, dehisccre. III. v.tr. 1, lit. = burst, (dify
finders, rumpere; 2, — a joke, joairi; to — a
whip, sonitum flagello cdere.
cradle, I. n. curiae, cunabula, -orum. II.
v.tr. in cunabulis poncre.
craft, n. 1, = cunning, dolus, astutia; 2,
= skill or trade, ars, artificium; 3, = ship,
cymba, scapha. crafty, adj. astutus, callidus,
vcrsutus, dolosus. Adv. astute, collide, versute,
dolose, craftsman, n. opera.
crag, n. see Hock.
cram, v.tr. 1, with food, Jarcire, refercire ;
2, tig. alqd algd re complete, implere; =■ crowd,
stipare (more common in pass.).
cramp, I. n. spasmus, tetanus (Plin.). II.
v.tr. to be — ed, tig. circumscribi.
crane, I. n. 1, = bird, grus, gruis, in. and
f. ; 2, a machine, troclca. II. v.intr forward,
cervicem prot&ndSre,
crank, n. 1, of a machine, uncus; 2, =jest,
joe us.
cranny, n. rima.
crash, I. n. fragor. II. v.tr. crcpare.
crate, n. crates, -is, f.
crater, U. crater, -eris, in.
crave, v.tr. see Beg, Need, craving, u.
alcjs rei desiderium.
crawl, v. repcre, serpen.
crazy, adj. mente captus ; see Majd.
creak, v. (con)crepare. creaking, n.
crepitus, -its.
cream, n. jlos lactis.
crease, I. n. ruga. II. v.tr. mgare.
create, v.tr. 1, lit, (pro)creare, gignere,
facere; 2, lig. praebere, facere, ejfitxre, fingere, or
by special verbs (e.g. — confusion, perturbare);
3, = appoint, create, designate, creation, n.
1, procreatio (= begetting), iilitium (= begin-
ning) ; since the — ot the world, post mundum con-
dition ; 2, mental — , poema, -dtis, n. fabula, etc.
creative, adj. qu i creare (etc.) potest, creator,
n. (p)o)creator, fabricator, auctor. creature,
n. animal.
credit, I. v.tr. 1, = to believe, credere; 2,
put to one's account, alqd alci in acceptum con-
ferre. II. n. 1, = belief, fides; to give — to a
thing, alci or alci rei fidem habere, tribuere, ad-
jungere; to withhold or refuse — , fidem alci
denegare; 2, mercant. t.t. fides; to take up
money on —,pecuniam alcjs fide mutuam sumere;
to purchase on — , entire in diem (the timo being
fixed when payment has to bo made), emere
pecuilia non praesenti; his — is gone, fides
cecidit, conculit; 3, = authority, auctor'itas,
gratia (= influence), opinio, existimatio; 4, do
— to, gloriae or decori alci esse ; no — , dede-
cori alci esse, credible, adj. fide dignus,
credibilis, vcrisimilis. Adv. credibiliter. credi-
bility, fides, auctoritas, comb, auctoritas et
fides, credentials, n. auctoritas, or lit(t)erae.
creditable, adj. honestus, honorificus. Adv.
honorifice, honeste. creditor, U. creditor.
credulous, adj. crcdvlus, Adv, nimid cum
credulitatc. credulity, n. credulitas (not in
Cic). creed, n. 1,= belief, fides; 2, — system
believed, doctriua.
crock, n. sinus, -us.
creep, v.intr. see Ckawl.
crescent, n. luna crescens. crescent-
shaped, adj. lunatus.
crest, 11. crista, juba. crested, adj. cristatut.
crestfallen, adj. /tact us, demissus.
crevice, n. see Crack.
crew, n. 1, nautae ; 2, fig. cactus, -us.
crib, n. 1, for animals, praesepe ; 2, see
Cradle.
crime, n. delictum, maleficium, /acinus,
■inoris, a., scelus, -eris, n., ne/as. criminate,
v.tr. crituinuri. crimination, n. crimen,
criminatio. criminal, adj. scelestus, scelerutus,
ne/atius.
crimson, I. adj. coccincus. II. u. color
coccineus. III. v.intr. erubescere.
cringe, v.intr. — to, alqm or alci adttlari.
cripple, n. homo mancus, membris captus\
homo dubilis, or elaudus manu, pedibus, etc.
Crisis, n. discrimen, momentum.
crisp, adj. 1, =r curled, crispus; 2, = brittle,
fragilis.
criterion, n. discrimen. critic, n. criti-
cus, humu alcjs rei petitus, or simply sujiiens.
criticism, u. judicium, criticize, v.tr.
judicare. critical, adj. 1, = belonging to
criticism, callidus, sol(/)ers, sapiens; 2, =
belonging to a crisis, in discrimen additctus,
unceps, dubius. Adv. accurate, callide, sol(t)etlet,
sapientet.
croak, I. v.intr. ctocire (of birds), otcchi
emitterc. II. n. vox.
crockery, u. (vasa) jktilia.
crocodile, n. ctoeodilus.
crocus, n. crocus.
crone, n. velula, anus, -iis, f.
crook, I. n. pedum, lititus. II. v.tr., see
Curve, crooked, adj. curoatus, incurvus;
= bad, pravus, distortus. Adv. 1, oblique, or
by adj. ; 2, prave. crookedness, n. 1, quod
incurvum est ; 2, pravitas.
crop, I. n. 1, of corn, etc., mcssis,fruges, -urn,
f. ; 2, of birds, ingluvies. II. v.tr. = cut short,
praecidcrc, amputate, tondere; = to cut down,
depascire, t tondere.
cross, I. n. 1, + crux, x decussis; as instru-
ment of punishment, crux; 2, fig. mala, -orum,
or calamitas. II. adj. = transverse, transversus,
obliquus. III. v.tr. 1, = lay across, alqd alci
rei transversum poncre; 2, — go across, locum
transire ; 3, = thwart, alci obsistlre ; 4, =
— the mind, alqd alci subit ; 5, = — out, delete.
cross-purpose, n. be at — s, alii alia putant,
or by adj. contrarius. crosswise, adv. in
transversum. crossing, n. transUus, -us.
crouch, v.intr. se demittere.
crow, I. n. comix. II. v.intr. cancre.
crowd, I. n. turba, catena, /requentia, mid-
titudo. II. v.tr. (co)artare, stipare, premere.
III. v.intr. confiucrc, congregari.
crown, I. n. 1, = wreath, corona; diadem,
diadema, -dtis, u. ; 2, = kingly power, regnum ;
3, = top, summits with noun (e.g. — of the
mountain, summits mons); 4, = ornament, decus,
•oris, n. II. v.tr. coronare; — a king, diadema
rcgi imponire. coronation, u. sollemnia qui-
bus rex diadema accipit.
crucible, n, catiitus (Plin.),
cru
G68
cut
crucify, v.tr. alqm cruet affigcre. cruci-
fixion, ]i. cruris supplicium.
crude, adj. 1, = raw or unripe, crudus;
2, lig. injormis, incultus, rudis. Adv. inculle.
crudity, n. cruditas.
cruel, adj. crudelis, saevxs, ferns, atrox.
Adv. crudeliter, atrocilcr. cruelty, u. cru-
ilelitas, feritas, saevitia, atrocitas.
cruise, v.intr. (per)vagari ; — along the
shore, praeter oram vagari.
crumb, n, 1, — the soft part of bread,
2«»is mollia (-ium); 2, = a small piece,
mica, micula. crumble, I. v.tr. friars, com-
minuere, conterere. II. v.intr. friari, etc.
crumple, I. n. ruga. II. v.tr. rugare.
III. v.intr. rugari.
crupper, n. postilena.
crush, I. v.tr. 1, lit. comprimere, contun-
dere, conterere, cnnculcare (by treading) ; 2, tig.
vfjligcre, comprimere, obruere, frangcre. II. 11.
= crowd, turba. See Crowd.
crust, n. crusta. crusty, adj. crustosus
(riin.).
crutch, n. baculum.
cry, I. v.tr. 1, = call out, (con)c.lamarc, ex-
elainare, acdomare, proclamare, jiraedicare, dam-
Mare; 2, see Weep. II. n. 1, clamor, exclum-
alio, acclamatio ; 2, proclamatio, praeconium ;
3, lacrimar, vagitus, -us. crier, n. praeco.
crystal, n. crystallus. crystallize, I.
v.tr. In crystallos Jormare. II. v.intr. in crys-
tal !o$ abirc.
cub, li. J., catulus. II. v.tr. fetus edcrc.
cube, n. cubus. cubic, adj. cubicus.
cubit, n. cubitum.
cuckoo, n. cuculus.
cucumber, n. cucumts, -iris, in.
cud, n. to clicw the — , ruminari, remandere.
cudgel, I. n. baculum, fastis, in. II. v.tr.
ferire, jercntere, fusti verberare.
cue, n. 1, = hint, signum ; to give a — , alci
innuere, signum alci dare; 2, of an actor,
signum.
cuff, I. n. 1, = blow, alapa (with the tlat
hand), colaphus (witli the list); 2,— sleeve,
■manica extrema. II. v.tr. verberare alqm, pla-
gam alci injligere, pugnis alci caedcre.
cuirass, n. thorax.
culinary, adj. coqiiinarius.
culmination, n. fastigium. culminate,
v.intr. in (summo)fostigin esse.
culpable, adj. culpa digitus, reprehenden-
dus, lurpis, foedus. culprit, n. see Criminal.
cultivate, v.tr. 1, in agriculture, (ngrum.)
cole re ; 2, tig. fingcre, (con\formare, institucre,
erpolire ; 3,:= practise, alci rci studere, se ad
a'-jd applicare. cultivation, culture, n.
?• . cultits, -its; 2, mental — , animi cultus,
kumanitas, Hl(t)erarum or artium studia,
•orum. cultivator, n. 1, agricola, in., cultor;
2, lig. by verb.
cumber, v.tr. alqm or algd imjwdirr, prae-
grarare, alci (rei) obstruere. cumbrous, adj.
gravis, incommodus, inhabilis. Adv. graviter,
incommode.
cunning, I. adj. \,astutus,caUidus,versulus,
dnlosus ; 2, = skilful, peritus, dexter, habilis,
expertus. Adv. 1, astute, collide, versulc, or abl.
dolo or per dolum or fravdem ; 2, = skilfully,
sol(l)erter, perite, collide. II. n. 1, astntia, calli-
ditas, versutia, dolus ; 2, = skill, or*, so(l)lertia.
cup, X, ii. 1, poculum, seyphug. calix, catothus,
phiala, patera, carchesinm, scaphium, cymbium,
cyathus, batiola, ctduUus; 2, tig. = — of sorrow,
etc., dolor ; to drain the — , cxhaurirc dot or em,
etc. II. v.tr. sauguinem alci (per cncurbitulus)
detrahcrc. cup-bearer, n. minister or servus.
cupboard, n. armarium.
cupidity, n. cupiditas, avaritia.
cupola, n. tholus.
curator, n. curator, custos.
curb, I. n. frenum. II. v.tr. frcnarc, cocrccre,
domurc, comprimere, prohibers.
curd, n. lac concretum. curdle, v.tr. I,
alqd coagulare. II. v.intr. eoagulare, coire.
cure, I. n. curatio, medicina, sana.tio. II.
v.tr. 1, sanare alqm, mederi alci ; 2, = preserve,
condire.
curiosity, n. 1, nova noscendi studium,
spectandi studium; 2, = something rare or
strange, res nova or vara, curious, adj. 1,
= inquisitive, enriosus, alcjs rei studiosus ; 2,
= strange, insolitus, novus, rams, singularis;
3, = accurate, accuratus. Adv. anxic, or adj. ;
raw, accurate.
curl, I. v.tr. crispare, calamistro intortjvere.
II. v.intr. 1, crispari, etc. ; 2, = to be bent
round, torqucri, ficcti. III. n. cirrus, curl-
ing-irons, n. calamister. curly, adj. crispy s.
currant, n. dried — s, uvae passac.
current, I. adj. 1,= this, hie (eg. — year, hie
annus); 2, = common, more or usu reeeptus; to
be — in, esse, valere. Adv. rulgo. IL. n. flumen,
see Stream, currency, n. nummi or argen-
tum.
curry, v.tr. 1, to — leather, conficere; 2,
to _ favour, alci blandiri. ourrycomb, n.
strigilis.
curse, I. n. 1, exsccratio, imprewtio, male-
dictum; 2, lig. peslis. II. v.tr. to — anyone,
exsecrari, alci male precari.
cursory, adj. rapidus, neglegens (neglig.).
Adv. breviter, slrictim.
curt, adj. brevis. Adv. breviter.
curtail, v.tr. amputare, praecide.re.
curtain, n. velum, aulaeum.
curve, I. n. (in)fle.rio, flexus, -us, sinus, -vs.
II. v.tr. (in)ftectcre. III. v.intr. flccti.
cushion, n. pulvinus, pulvinar.
custard, n, placenta ex oris facta.
custody, n. custodia, career, -iris, n., vinculo,
■orum.
custom, n. 1, = usage, consuetude, mos,
institutum, usus, -us; it is a — with us, est in-
stitutum, mosormoris est; 2, = duty, vectigal, pnr-
torium. customer, n. emptor, customary,
adj. usitatus, tritus, pervnlgatus, vulgaris, cot(t)i-
diunus (quot.), communis, tra(ns)laticius ; to be
— , mos or maris esse, sole re. Adv. ex consuctudinc,
vulgo, fere.
cut, I. v.tr. 1, lit. secare ; to — with a scythe,
(de)metere; to — into planks, in laminae secure;
to — the throat, alqm jugulars ; to -- on a gem,
in. gemmd scalpcrc ; to — the hair, tondere, prae-
c.idcre; to — down, lit. excidire; 2, tig. trucidare ;
to — short, = interrupt, alqm interpcllarc ;
= abridge, contrahere ; to — up, concidere.
II. n. 1, by verb (e.g. to receive a — , cultro
vulnerari), 'if with a whip, verbcr ; 2, of rivers,
etc., emialis, m., fossa ; 3, a short — , via brevis.
sima or proxinui. cutting, I. adj. acerbus.
Adv. acerbe. II. n. of a plant, propago,
cutlery, n. c«;(ri (pi.), cut-throat, n.
sicarius.
cuttjefish, n. icpi^
cyo
C69
dea
cycle, n. 1, = circular course, orbis, m., cir-
cuits ; 2, = revolution, orbis, or by verb revolci ;
see Revolve.
oyclops, n. cyclops.
cygnet, n. pullus cycnorum.
cylinder, n. cylindrus.
cymbal, n. cymbalum.
cynic, n. 1, in philosophy, cynicus ; 2, fig.,
homo acerbus. cynical, adj. acerbus. Adv.
acerbe.
cynosure, n, 1, lit. Ursa Minor; 2, fig>
decus, -oris, n.
cypress, n. cupressus, f.
D.
dabble, I. v.tr. alqd alqd re a(d)spergere.
II. v.intr. 1, lit. in aqud ludire; 2, rig. alqd
leviter attingere.
dad, daddy, n. tata.
daffodil, n. narcissus.
dagger, n. pugio, sica.
dainty, I. adj. 1, = — in choice of food,
fastidiosus ; 2, — elegant, exquisitus, elegaris ;
sec Pretty. II. n. cibus delicatus, cibi
dtlicatiorei. daintiness, n. 1, = — in food,
cup(p)ediu ; 2, = elegance, venushts.
dairy, n. eella, defining sense by context
(e.g. lade repleta).
dale, n. (con)vallis.
dally, v.intr. 1, = trifle, uugari, Uiscivire ;
2, — with, ulci I landiri ; 3, see Delay, dalli-
ance, ii. 1, uugae, lascivia; 2, blanditiae.
dam, n. = mother, mater, matrix.
dam, I. n. agger, -eris, in., moles, -is, f. II.
v.tr. violent alci rei ob(j)icere, flumen coercere.
' damage, I. n. damnum, detrimentum, noxa.
II. v.tr. alci nocere, obesse, damno esse, dama-
ges, n. pi., impensa; action for — , judicium
recuperator turn.
dame, u. mulier, matrona, domina.
damn, v.tr. 1, damnare, condemnare; 2,
theol. t.t, * damnare, aeternis suppliciis addi-
cere. damnable, adj. damnandus. damna-
tion, n. tlumnatio, coiulemwxtio ( = the act).
damp, I. adj. humidus. II. v.tr. 1, lit.
humectare; 2, lig. deprimere, comprimere, rest in-
guire, sedare, III. n. vapor, nebula.
damsel, n. puella, ancilla, virgo.
dance, I. n. satiatio, chorea. II. v.intr.
saltare. dancer, n. saltator, m. saltatrix, f.
dandle, v.tr. manibus agitare.
dandy, n., hoino elegans; de capsuld totus
(Sen.).
danger, n. periculum, discrimen. danger-
ous, adj. periculosus, anceps ; a — condition, res
dubiae. Adv. periculose.
dangle, v.intr. ex alqd re (de)pendere.
dank, adj. humidus.
dapper, adj. pernix (= quick), nilidus (=
neat).
dapple, adj. niaculosus.
dare, v.tr. audere. daring, I. adj. audax.
Adv. audacter. II. n. audacia.
dark, I. adj. 1, as opposed to daylight, oh-
scurus, caliginosus, caecus ( — blind) ; 2, — — in
colour, fuscus, niger, pullus; 3, = difficult to
the mind, obscurus, abstrusus, impeditus, in-
certns. Adv. obscure, pcrplexe. II. n. to be in the
— about, alqd ignorare. darkness, u.obscuritas,
tenebrae, caligo, nox. dark-red, adj. e.r rubro
subniger. dark-blaok, adj. niger. darken,
I. v.tr. lit. and tig. obscurare, tenebrasalci rei oh.
ducire. II. v.intr. obscurari; it — s, resperascit,
darling, n. deliciae.
darn, v.tr. sarcire. darning-needle, n,
acus, ■us, f. grandior.
dart, I. ii. piluiu, hasta, Mum, jaeuhtm,
tragula. II. v.tr. jaculari ; to throw — s, tela
(e)mittere, con{j)icire. III. v.intr. in alqm lo-
cum irrumpfre, se cou(/)icere.
dash, I. v.tr. 1, lit. alqd ad alqd offender*,
■impingire; —out the brains, caput perjringere
or elidere; 2, fig. spem (etc.) reprimere, com-
primere, ad irritum redigere. II. v.intr. see
Dart. III. n. 1, = rush, impetus, -us; 2. =
something of, aliquid, nescio quid; 3, see Dis-
play.
dastard, n. homo ignavus.
date, n. (the fruit), palmnla (Var.). data,
n. concessa, -arum, date, I. n. dies ; out of
— , obsoletus. II. v.tr. diem in epistold a(d)-
scribere. dative, n. (casus) dativus (Gram.).
daub, v.tr (ob)lincre, (per)ungere.
daughter, n.filia; a little —,filiola; —-in-
law, nurus, -us, f.
daunt, v.tr., see Frightes. dauntless,
adj. impavidus. Adv. impavide.
daw, n. mo ued u la.
dawdle, v.intr. eessare. dawdler, n, u&
sator.
dawn, ii. dilitrulum. it dawns, v. (di)-
lucescit.
day, n. 1, dies, lux ( = daylight) ; the longest
— , dies solstitialis, sotstitinm ( = the time of the
longest days); the shortest—, dies brumalis;
before — , 'ante luccm ; at break of — , (cum)
primd luce, luce oriente ; by — ,interdiu: —
and night, diem noctem, diem nodemque, dies
noctesque, nodes diesque, nodes et dies ; the — :
breaks, (il)lucescit, dilucescit, lux oritur; far
on in the — , viulto die ; to wish one good — ,
a/ijm salmon esse jubcre, alqm sulutare ; good — !
salve (salvele); a lucky — , dies albus or caiuHdus ;
an unlucky — , dies ater ; the — star, lucifer ;
2,= a period of time, diss; a period of two
or three — s, biduum, triduum ; to-—, hodierno
die, hodie ; every other — , tertio qu<xpte die ;
from —to— , in dies; — after—, diem ex die,
diem de die; every — , in dies siwjulos ; to pay
to the — , in diem solvere ; the — before, after,
pridie, postridie (ejus diei) ; in our — , nostra
actate, nustro tempore, nostris temporibus ; to pass
one's — s, vitam degere ; the —time, tempusdi-
nmum. day-break, n. diluculum. day-
labourer, n. operarius (in pL operae).
daily, I. adj. cot(t)idianus (qnot.), (Humus;
— bread, cibus diurnus. II. adv. cot(t)ulie,
omnibus diebus, in dies singulos.
dazzle, v.tr. caecare ; fig. dbstupefarcre ; to
be — d, obstupefieri, stujiere.
deacon, n. *diacomis.
dead, adj. mortuus,exanimis,exanimvs; tig.=
dull, languidvs. deaden, v.tr. hebetare, obtun-
dere, encrvare, debilitare, frangerc. deadly, I.
adj.l, lit. viortifer, exitialis ; 2, fig. of sin, etc.,
capitalis, gravis. II. adv. usque ad mortem, o»
by adj. deadness, n. rigor, stupor, torpor.
death, n., mors, letum, obitus, -its, finis, m.
and f., or exitus. -Us, vitae, nex ( = violent
— ) ; to suffer — , mortem subire ; be starved to — ,
per iuediam mori. death-bed, n. use adj.
morieiw or moribundiw.
dea
(170
def
deaf, adj. sunlus, auribus captvs. deafen,
V.tr. exsurdare, obtundere.
deal, I, v.tr. dividere, distribuere, dispertire.
II. v.intr. —with, see Treat, dealer, n. mer-
catur, negotiator (wholesale), institor, taberna-
rius, caupo, propola (retail). dealing, l).
eommcrcinm, negotium, usus, -its ; have — s wit li ,
ctvnmeiviwn cum alqo habere ; harsh — , sereritas ;
upright — , fides; double — , firms.
dear, adj. 1, earns, rnagni jiretii, pretiosus;
how — ? quanti ? so — , tanti ; 2,= beloved,
corns. Adv. care, magno pretio; maximc or
adj. dearness, n. earitas, magnum pretiv.ru.
dearth, n. inopia, earitas, fames, -is, f.
debar, v.tr. alqm alqd re exdudere, alqd aid
prazdudcre, alqm (ab) alqd re prohibere, or with
qnominns and aubj.
debase, v.tr. corrumpere, vitiare. debase-
ment, n, ignovtinia.
debate, I. n. altercatio, disceptatio, contentio,
II. v.intr. altercari, disceptare, disputare.
debauch, I. v.tr. corrumpere, depravare,
vitiare, perdire. II. n. comissatio. debauch-
ery, n. stuprum, mores dissoluti, pravi, perditi.
debenture, n. syngrapha,
debility, n. infirmitas, imbecillitas, infirma
valetndo.
debt, n. debitvm, pecunia debita, nomen,
aes alienum. ; to get into — , aes alienitm contra-
Tiere ; to l>e in — , in aere alieno esse, obaeralnni
esse, debtor, ll. debitor, qui debit, obueratus.
debit, v.tr. alqd alci expensum ferre.
decade, n. decern anni.
decamp, v.intr. discedere.
decant, v.tr. diffundlre. decanter, n.
lagena.
decapitate, v.tr. capvt alci jvaenklere.
decay, I. n. deminvtio, defectio virinm,
tabes, -is, f. II. v.intr. (de)minui, deficere, decres-
cire, senescere, tabesecre ; a decayed tooth, dens
exesus (Cels.).
decease, n. obitns, -its ; see Death.
deceit, n. fallacia, fraus, dolus, deceive,
v.tr. decipere, fmstrari, fallere, cirevmvenire.
deceiver, n. frandator. deceitful, adj. fallax,
dolosus, vafer, fraudulent-its. Adv. fravdulenter,
fullaciler, dolose, per dolum.
decern ber, n. (metisis) December.-
decent, adj. quod dectt, decorus. Adv.
decire. decency, n. modest ia, decorum.
deception, n. l,firavs, dolus ; 2, see Delu-
sion.
decide, v.tr. 1, = settle a thing, alqd or de,
alqd re statuire, constituere, decernece, alqd diju-
diaire ; 2, = — to do, constituere, statue re with
infiii. or tit. decided, adj. 1, = fixed, certus,
exploratus; I am — , certnm est milii with infln. ;
2, = resolute, stabilis, constans, firm us. Adv.
certo, certe, constanter ; in answers, certe, vera,
sane, or by repetition of a word (e.g. visnef
volo). decision, n. 1, dijudicatio, judicium,
sententia; 2, of character, constantia, stabilitas.
decisive, adj. iMimus, or quml ad discrimen
alqd addlicit, or maximi moment).
deciduous, adj. deciduus.
decimate, v.tr. 1, lit. decimetre cohortes
(8uet.), sorte decimum quemque (cohort is) ail sup-
plicium legere ; 2, fig. see Destroy.
decipher, v.tr. explanare, interpretari, ex-
plicare.
deck, I, n. con-stratum navis (Petr.). II.
V.tr. 1, = Cover ; 2, = Adorn.
declaim, v.tr. pronnntiare, deelamnrc, dim
clamitare. declamation, n. 1, as an art,
pronuntiatio, declamutio ; 2, = speech de-
claimed, dedamatio. declamatory, adj.
dedamatorius, tumidus. doclaimer, n. de-
elamator.
declare, v.tr. dicere, profiteri, praedicere,
dedarare, asseverare, confirmare; to — for any-
one, partes alcjs sequi'. declaration, n.
praedicatio, sententia, didnm; — of war, belli
dennntiatio.
decline, I. v.tr. 1, = refuse, alqd recusare,
negare; 2, gram. t.t. dedinare. II. v.intr.
deficere, (de)minui, (se)remittere, decrescerc ; the
day — s, vesperascit. III. n. 1, (de)minittio,
remissio ; in the — of life, provectiore aetate ; 2,
= consumption, phthisis (Plin.). declen-
sion, n. declinatio (Quint.).
declivity, n. dedivitas, acclivitas.
decoction, n. decodum (Plin.).
decompose, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (dis)solvere, re-
solvere; 2, fig. (con)tnrbare, excitare, erigere-
II. v.intr. 1, dissolvi, tabesecre; 2, (con)turbttri.
etc. decomposition, n. (disyiohtHo, tabes,
■is, f.
decorate, v.tr. alqm alqd re (ex)ornare,
distinguere, decorare. decoration, n. orna-
tus, -vs. ornamentum. decorous, adj. decorus.
Adv. decore. decorum, n. decorum!
decoy, I. v.tr. alii cere, pellicere. II. ri.
illex (= a lure).
decrease, I. v.tr. (ih)minncre, imminunY,
(sub)levare, mitigare. II. v.intr. remitters (rare),
remitti, (de)mi nu i, etc. III. n. deminutio.
decree, I. v.tr. 1, of formal decrees, alqd
alci de alqd re, with gerundive or vt, decernere,
alqd or ut, edicere, alqd de alqd re seiscere, alqd,
de alqd re, nt, (lege) sancire; irnpers. alci placet
tit or accus. and infln. ; 2, see Determine.
II. n. decretum, seuatusconsultum, plcbiscitum.
decrepit, adj. senectute confectus. decrep-
itude, n. senectvtis imbccillitas.
decry, v.tr. vituperare.
dedicate, v.tr. a\qd alci (de)dicare (lit/
and fig.), consecrare (only in religious sense). •
deduce, v.tr. \,— derive, alqd ab ovex alqd re,
ab ahjo (deyiuccrc ; 2, logical t.t. alqd ex alqd re.
condudere. deduct, v.tr. alqd alci rei or de
alqd re detroherc, alqd dc alqd re. deducere. de-
duction, n. 1, = abatement, deductio, dem'inu-
tio; 2, logical t.t. conclusio,
deed, n. 1, /acinus, -oris, n. ; — s, acta,
facta; 2, = document, tabula, syngrapha.
deep, I. adj. 1, lit. alius, profundus ; ten feet
— , decern pedes altus ; 2, fig. summits (e.g. sum nut.
eruditio, — learning). Adv. 1, alte, profunde ; 2,
penitus, prorsus, graviter (e.g. gear, commotus —
— moved). II. n. altum. deepen, I. v.tr.
1, lit. alqd altius fodere; 2, = increase,
avgere. II. v.intr. = grow darker, obsenrari ;
see also Thicken, depth, n. 1, lit. altitude ;
in — , in altitudinem (e.g. triginta pedum =
thirty feet in — ) ; 2, fig. of character, sumino
ingenio, etc., praeditits; in the — of night,
media node.
deer, n. census, dama.
deface, .v.tr. deformare, in pejus fingere,
foedare.
defame, v.tr. calumniari.
default, n. 1, = error, culpa, peccatvm,
error; 2, = lack, defectio, defectus, -its; 3, legal
t.t. = judgment, go by — , vadimmiivm de*
terete, defaulter, n. qui vadimonivm deserit.
def
671
detil
defeat, I. n. clacks, -is, f., strages, -is, f.
II. v.lr., see Conquer, Baffle.
defect, 11. 1, quod deest, desideratum ; tlie — a
of character, vitia, -orum; 2, labes, -is, f.,
vitiitm, mendum. defective, adj. imperjtctus,
mduats, vitiosus ; tube — , deficete, dcesse. Adv.
imperfecte, vitiuse. defection, n. (ab alio)
defect io. deficiency, n. defect in (e.g. virlum,
aninii), Utopia.
defend, v.tr. 1, aJqm or cdqd ab alqo or
"/■/ ; re defendere, alqm or cdqd titer i, tutari, cdqd
ciii alqo prohibits, pro cdqo or cdqd re propugnare ;
2, leg.il t.t. cavs(s)am cricjs diccre. defend-
ant, n. reus, defence, n. 1, in gen. tutela,
praesidium, defensio, patrocinium ; 2, legal t.t.
patrocinium. defenceless, adj. inemis,
sine praesidio. defensible, adj. quod defendi
potest, defensive, adj. ad alqm defendetulum ;
— war, helium cul hostes tepellendos susceptum ;
— weapons, arma, -orum.
defer, v.tr. 1, = to postpone, differre, pro-
ferrc, prorogate (= to lengthen, e.g. the time for
payment, diem ad solvendum), procrastiiiare,
proclucire, prolatarc, re(j)iccre ; 2, = to give
way to, alci cedere, obscqui, morem genre.
deference, n. observant ia, obsequium. de-
ferential, adj. submissus; see Humble. Adv.
submisse.
deficient, adj., see Defective.
defile, I. n. angustiae, fauces, -ium, f.
II. v.tr. maculare, inquinare, (con)spurcare,
foedare, violare, polluere. defilement, n.
macula, lubes, -is, f.
define, v.tr. (de)*inite, describere, rircum-
scribere, definition, n. (de\iinitio. definite,
adj. certus, cnnitituttts, status, dejinitus. Adv.
ccrte, certo, definite.
deflect, v.intr. declinare, errare.
deform, v.tr. deformare, depravare, in pejus
mutate or vertcre. deformed, adj. distortus,
deformities, drformis. deformity, n. deform-
itas, turpitudo.
defraud, v.tr. alqm alqd re fraudare, fraud-
em or fallaciam alci facere,- fraude or dolo
capere, fallcre, circumscribcre, circum venire, de-
frauder, n. frwudator, oircumscriptor.
defray, v.tr. sumptus suppeditare, solvere.
defunct, adj. moriuus, fato functus.
defy, v.tr. alqm provocate ( = to challenge),
spernere alqd (e.g. imperia), rontemnerc alqd, alci
rei se offerre or resistive, defiance, n. provo-
cate (Plin.), contumacia (= obstinacy).
degenerate, v.intr. degenerare aparentibus,
mores mutare, depravari. degenerate, adj.
degener, parent Hut* indignus.
degrade, v.tr. = to lower in rank or position,
t')i ordinem cogere (of soldiers), in gen. alqm
g rati it. de(j)icere. degrading, adj. indecorus.
degradation, n. ignominia, dedecus, -oris, n.
degree, n. 1, gradus, -us; having — s,
gradatus (= graduated) ; to such a — , to with
noun in gen. nt, or adeout; by — s, jviul(l}.'thn,
sensim ; 2, = — in a university, gradus.
deify, v.tr. alqm. in caelum tollerc, alqm inter
deos or in deorum numetum refcrrc. deified,
adj. divus. deification, n. mnsecratio (Tac).
deign, v.intr. dignari, velie with infin.
deism, n. Deum esse putare. deist, n.
qui Deum esse putat. Deity, n. Deus, numen.
dejected, adj. maestus, tristis, perculsus ;
to be — , in maerore esse or jctcere. Adv.
maeste. dejection, n. aegritudo, muestitia,
tristitia, macror.
delay, I. v.tr. 1, = retard, (re)morari, detin-
ire alqm, moram facere alci, moram did affirre,
alqm (re)tardare,retinere,reprimere, cohibcre; 2,
= prolong, duccre, (ex)trahere ; 3, = postpone,
differre. II. v.intr. (compnorari, se tenire,
continere,se cunclari, cessare; to — over a thing,
in tdgd re cessare. III. n. mora, dilatio, cessatio
(= idle — ).
delectation, n. delcclutio, oblectatio.
delegate, I. n. legatus, nuntius. II.
v.tr. 1, of formal delegation, legcire (of state
embassy), cdlegare (private); 2, = commit to
anyone, alqd alci committers, mandate, delegare.
deleterious, adj. m'ortifer, exitialis, pcrnici-
osus. Adv. perniciose.
deliberate, I. v.intr. deliberate, consulete,
consultare, consilium inire or c. capire cle cdqd re ;
to — over anything, alqd considerate, secum vol-
vers. II. adj. 1, = slow, lentus ; 2,= careful,
prudens. Adv. lente ; priidenter, considerate,
cousulto. deliberative, adj. — assembly,
consilium, senatus, -us. deliberation, n. 1,
deliberatio, consultatio, consilium; 2, see
Slowness.
delicate, adj. 1, = tender, tencr, mollis; 2,
= weak, imhecillus, infirmus ; 3, = fastidious,
fastidiosus, delicatus ; 4, = requiring care,
difficilis, anceps, accuratus ; 5, = fine, ex-
quuitus. Adv. mnlliter, infirme, fastidiose,
delicate, accurate, exquisite, delicacy, ll. 1,
mollitia, — of taste, style, etc., humanitas,
subtilitas; 2, imbecillitas, infirmitas ; 3, fast i-
dium ; 4, ■= tact, prudeutia, cura ; 5, veitustas,
elegant la ; 6, = a dainty, cibus delicatus.
delicious, adj. suavis, dulcis, amoenus. Adv.
suaviter, amoene.
delight, I. n. voluntas, dulcedo. II. v.tr.
delectate, ohlectate. III. v. intr. alqd te delec-
tari or ohlectari. delightful, ndj. jiicundut,
suavis, acceptui, grains. Adv. jucunde, suaviter,
grate, deliglitfulness, n. suavitas, umoe-
nitas.
delineate, v.tr. 1, lit. designare, depingere ;
2, lig. describere, depingere, adumbrate. See
Describe, delineation, n. 1, adumhratio,
descriptio ; 2, descriptio.
delinquent, n. maleficus, capite damnatus.
delinquency, n., delictum, scelus, -iris, n.,
facinus, -inoris, n.
delirium, n. delirium, furor, delirious,
adj. clclirus ; to be — , mente alienari.
deliver, v.tr. 1, see Free; 2, =to utter,
promt nt iate ; sec Speak; 3, in childbirth, to
be delivered, partnm edere; 4, — up, prodere,
dedere., trttdcre. deliverer, II. liberator, vin-
dex. delivery, n. 1, liberatio; 2, actio, rlo-
cutio, dirtio ; 3, partus, -vs ; 4, traditio, deditio.
dell, n. (con)rallis.
delude, v.tr. deludcre. See Deceive, de-
lusion, n. 1, = cheat, fraus, dolus, fallacia ;
2, = error, error, delusive, adj. falsus, fallen,
nanus. Adv. fallaciter, ranc.
deluge, I. n. 1, lit. eluvio; 2, fig. magna
vis tdejs rei. II. v.tr. 1, lit. (terrain, etc.) inttn-
dare; 2, lig. magnam copiam. ulcjs rei dare; be
deluged with, alqd re cuinitlari.
delve, v.tr. fodere.
demagogue, n. norarum rerum anctor ; to
be a — , rebus nuvis studfre.
demand, I. v.tr. (de)poscere, exposcere, (ex)-
postulare, (ef)flugitare, implorare, reqnircre, ftagi-
tare, (ex)petac, exigire, reqiiirere. II, n. postu-
latio, postulatum, flagilatin, preces, -ttm, t.
demarcation, n. terminus, limes, -itis, m.,
confinium. •
deni
GV2
des
demean, v.tr. 1, = to conduct., se genre in
re ; 2, = to lower oneself, descetidere ad alqd.
demeanour, n. mores, -nm, m.
demerit, n. culpa. See Blame, Fault.
demi, n. semi, in conip. (e.g. semideus).
demigod, n. heroe.
demise, I. n. obit us, -us; see. Dead, II.
V.tr. = leaving by will, legare.
democracy, n. ratio popularis, civitas in
qua omnia per populum admin istrantur. de-
mocratical, adj. popularis. democrat, n.
popvlarium fautor.
demolish, v.tr. alqd demol iri ,de{j)icire (pro)-
sternere, evertere. demolition, n. demolitio,
eversio.
demon, n. * daemon (Eccl.).
demonstrate, v.tr. demonstrare, docire,
{con) fir man, probare. demonstration, n.
1, = pointing out, demo net ratio ; 2, = proof,
argumentum, docwnentuiu ; 3, = political meet-
ing, contio. demonstrable, adj. quod doceri
potest, demonstrative, adj. 1, of argu-
ment, n. argumentum ; 2, = eager, fervidns,
vehement. Adv. vehementer.
demoralize, v.tr. mores corrumpere, moribus
nocere. demoralization, n. mores corrupt!.
demur, v.intr. 1, legal t.t. = to object to,
alci rei exceptionem jhcere, contra dienre ; 2, =
to delay, remorari, vwramfacere. demurrer,
)i. 1, legal t.t. nceptio ; 2, mora, dilatio.
demure, adj. rerccundus.
den, n, caverna, specus, -us, cavea, claustrum,
latibitlum.
denizen, n. incola, in. & f.
denominate, I. v.tr. & II. n., see Name.
denominator, n. index.
denote, v.tr. (de)notare, designare, notam im-
ponire alci rei, alqd osteudrre, significare. de-
notation, n, designatio, significatio.
denounce, v.tr. 1, denuntiarc; 2, —
before a court, nomen <dcjs deferre, alqm accu-
sare. denunciation, n. 1, denuntiatio ; 2,
delatio, accusal io. denouncer, n. occusator, in-
dex, delator.
dense, adj. densus, confertus, creber, crassus,
Bolidus. Adv. dense,, snlide, ennfertim (of soldiers).
density, n, densitas, sol id Has; see also Stu-
P1D1TV.
dent, I. n. iiotu, injuria. II. v.tr. alci rei
injuriam afferre.
dentist, n. medicus (dentium).
deny, v.tr. 1, = to refuse to admit, alqd (■'<■ ■
negare, recusare, or with accus. and infill, or
quiii, quominns ; it cannot be denied, negari non
potest qnin ; 2, = to — oneself, sihi temperate, se
coercire or continere. ; to — anything, (ab) alqd re
temperare. denial, n. tugatio, recusatio.
depart, v. intr. 1, abirc ab or ex,tibscedere ah
or ex, decedere (de or ex) loco, disccilere (alt) loco
or ex loco, r.xcedlre loco or ex loco, egredi {ah) loco,
digredi {ab, ex) Inco ; fig. = to die, decedere ex
or a ritd. departure, n. abilns, decessus, dis-
cesstis (all -its).
department, n. l,munns, -Iris, n., mvnia,
•orum, proviiicia ; 2, = district, pars, ager,
regio.
depend, v.intr. 1, = to be dependent on,
pe.ndire ex ali/o or alq'i re, in alcjs dicione
esse, esse in alcjs manu, in alcjs potestate verti, in
alqo esse or positum ot silum esse: '?, = to rely
on, alci (con)fidiire ; — upon it, mild crede. de-
pendent, adj. & n, use verb (e.g. qui ex tt
pendel, etc.): dependence, n. 1, = subjeo
tion, ilicio ; 2, = trust, Jiducia.
depict, v.tr. lir. k lig. (de)pingcre,(cf)fingrre,
exprimire, describere.
deplore, v.tr. deplorare, deflSre, complorare.
deplorable, adj. .see Miserable.
deponent, n. 1, legal t.t. testis, -is, m. and
f. ; 2, grain, t.t. {vcrhum) deponens.
depopulate, v.tr. terram (de)vastare, (de)-
popitlari, vacucj'ocire. depopulation, 11.
popvlatia, vastatio.
deport, v.tr. se ged-re. deportment, I).
1, = carriage, gestus, -iis ; 2, = behaviour,
mores, -mil, m.
depose, v.tr. 1, = to remove from office, loco
suo (ilqm movers ; see Dethrone ; 2, = — as a
witness, testari, testificari. deposition, n. 1,
use verb ; 2, testimonium.
deposit, I. v.tr. 1, = to lay down, (de)ponere;
2, of money, pecuniam apud alqm (dejponerc,
pecuniam collocare. II. n. 1, quod depositum
est ; pecuniae apud alqm depositae ; 2, == pledge,
pignns, -erts, n. See Pledge, depository,
n. apotheca, receptaculvm.
deprave, v.tr. depravare, corrumpere, xdti-
are. depravation, n. depraratio, corrvptio,
depravity, n. pravitas, turpitvdo, mwes per-
diti, mores turpes.
deprecate, v.tr. deprecari alqd ah alqo or
quin with subj. deprecation, n. deprecatin.
depreciate, v.tr. mimtere, elerare (=lessen),
ohtrectare alci or aid rei. depreciation, n.
obtrectatia.
depredation, n. latracinium. depre-
dator, n. praedator, latro.
depress, v.tr. deprimere, opprimere, alcjs
animum affligere. depression, n. tristitia,
maeror.
deprive, v.tr. alqm alqd re privare, (dc)spol-
iare, exspaliare, orbare, alqd alci adimcrc, drtra-
here, eripere. deprived, adj. orbus (orbatus)
alqd re; — of the use of his limbs, membris
captus. deprivation, n.privatio, spoliatio.
depth, n. see Deep.
depute, v.tr. legare (in state affairs), allegarc.
(in private), deputy, n. see Agent, depu-
tation, n. legati.
derange, v.tr. (de)turbare, pertvrbare, con-
turbare. deranged, adj. demens, insamts.
derangement, n. 1, = confusion, perturb-
alio ; 2, = madness, dementia, insania.
deride, v.tr. alqm or alqd deridere, irridere.
derider, n. irrisor. derision, n. irrisio,
:1erisive, adj. by verb.
derive, v.tr. derivart ( — to draw off or turn
aside a river), {de)tlua~:i-e; to — a word, verbum
ex or oh alqd re (deyiucerc.
derogate from, v.tr. derogare. (e.g. abpl de,
magnificent id, alqd sihi, fidem alci), alci or alci
rei ohtrectare. derogatory, adj. to be —
to, alci dedecort esse : to speak in a — manner
of anyone, alci ohtrectare.
descend, v.intr. 1, = to come down, de-
scendere ex or ilc; 2, lig. tradi ; to be — ed
from, ortum or orivwlum esse, ab alqo: 3, see
Attack, descendant, n. prognatus ; pi. pro-
genies, posteri. descent, n. 1, = going down,
use the verb; 2, of a hill, declivitas, locus
dec! iris ; 3, — origin, origo, genus, -iris, n.
stir/is, progenies; 4, — upon = attack, irrvptio,
incursin, incursus, -its.
describe, v.tr. 1, describere, verbis exseqvi,
scriptnrd petwrui, explicare alqd or de alqd
re, exponere alqd or de alqd re, alqd ena.rrare
dea
673
dot
ttMMerdft, edmprehendere, complecti, lit(t)cris
mandate, memoriae prodere, tradcre; 2, -= to
draw, descrlbcre. description, n. detcriptio,
{epiarratio, exposltlo.
desecrate, v.tr. prafanare, profanum facere,
exaugurare (opp. inaitgurare), pollulre, maculare,
violure. desecration, n. polluta sacra, -orum.
desert, n. dlgnttas, virtus, -atii, f., meritum.
desert, I. n. = wilderness, soiitudo, vastitas,
regio deserta, loca, -orum, deserta; to turn into
P. —.regionem (de)vastare. II. v.tr. 1, in gen.
desercre, (ikyreluuptere, destituere, alci decsse,alqm
proiUre; 2, = to become a deserter, signo. de-
sercre or relinquire, ad Iwstem transfuglre or per-
fujh-e. desertion, n. 1, (de)reUctio; 2,
transitu ttd hostem. deserter, n. tra.nsfu.aa,
descrtor.
deserve, v.tr. (com)merSre, (coni)mcrcri,
(pro)iiicra-e, (pro)mn-cri, digimm esse re; he —
praise from me, dig hub est quern laudem or qui a
me loudetur; — well of a person or city, bene dc
nlqo or erga atom mererl. deserving, adj. alqd
re digitus. Adv. merito, juiv.
desideratum, n. quod dcest, res necessaria.
design, n. and v.tr. 1, see Sketch ; 2, see
i't-RrosE. designing, adj. peritus, pnidens,
nolens or, in bad sense, fraudulentus. Adv.
consulto.
designate, v.tr. designare, notare, eliglre,
nomhiare. designation, n. 1, designate,
nominatw, notatio ; 2, = purpose, finis, ratio.
desire, I, n. alcjs rci appetitio, appetitus, -us,
appetentia, cupldltas, cupido, desiderium. II.
v.tr. alqd appetSre, ezpetere, cupere, concupiscere,
desiderare, desiderio alcjs teneri, avSre (with
Infln., e.g. area scire, audire, etc.). ; what do you
— f quid via? quid fieri jubes? desirable,
ad.j. optabilis, expetenthu. desirous, adj. alcjs
m appetens, cupidus, avidns. Adv. appctcnter,
cupide, avidc. ♦
desist, v.intr. deslstire re (ab re and de re
or with infln.), absisten (a)re.
desk, n. mensa ( = table), scrinium ( =
escritoire).
desolate, I. adj. 1, = waste, vastus, desertus;
2, = bereaved, orbus ; 3, = despairing, spe
ilcstUvtus, maestus. II. v.tr. vastare, (de)popu-
larl. r
despair, I. n. desperatio. II. v.intr. de-
sperare (— of, de re or alqd or alci rci, or with
accus. and inilii.) ; —of the cure of a sick person,
aegrotum or aegroti salutem desperare. de-
spairing, adj. see Desperate.
despatch, dispatch, I. v.tr. 1, = to do.
conjiccre, pcrficere, absolvere, finire ; with haste
maturare, accelerarc; 2, = send off, (di)mil-
tire, ablegare (on private), legare (on public
business); 3, = kill, triicidart, caedere. II. n. 1,
confectio, per/ectio, festinatio, properatio ; 2, mis'-
sio ; 3, trucidatio, catties, -is, t. despatches
n.pl. lit(t)erae publice missae.
desperate, adj. X,=]\oyc]ena,exspes, sine spe,
desiKratus (= despaired of) ; a _ state of affairs,
res despemtae or extremae ; 2, - dangerous peri-
culosus; 3, = villainous, scelerutus, scelestus; 4, —
brave, fortissunus. Adv. desperanter, periculose,
sceleste, scelerate, or by superl. (e.g. — wicked
sceleratissunus), fortissirne, acerrime. desper-
ation, n. tlesperatio.
despise, v.tr. contemnere, contemptui habere,
despicere, aspernari, speruere. despicable.
adj. contemnendus, turpis. Adv. turpiter,/ocde,
despite, I. n. odium, ma'Uia. II. prep.
contra, adversus (e.g. contra legei, = in — of the
laws); in, with abl., (coiitemptis precibus meis
99
Romam rediit, = (in) despite (of) my prayers ha
returned to Home).
despond, v.intr. desperare de rebus suis, spe
dejectum esse, despondency, n. see Desfaib.
despot, n. tyrannus,domimts. despotism,
n. domiiuitus -us, tyrannis, -idis, I., domiiiatio.
despotioal, adj. impariosus, tuptrbu*. Adv
superbe, crudilitsr.
dessert, n. mensa secunda,
destine, v.tr. alqd or alqm ad alqd or aid
ret destinure, alad constitue're or statuire.
destined, adj. destinatus, status, constilutus.
destination, n. 1, = end, finis, m. and f. ;
2, = end of journey, locum quem pelimus, or the
name of the town, etc. destiny, n. faium,
so IS.
destitute, adj. inop$,egma; of anything,
alcjs rei innjis, alqd re destitutus, privatua, or
use sine with abl. destitution, n. inopia.
destroy, v.tr. perdcre, destruire, diruere,
demoliri, cccrterc, rcscindere (e.g. ]x>utem), in-
terciderc (pontem), delere, ex(s)tinguere (societa-
ten vitae, potentiam), dissolvere, intemunpere ;
conficerc, subvertere (e.g. imperium, leges et liber-
tatem); to — oneself, mortem sibi consciscere.
destroyer, n. evertor rei, qui alad perdit, etc.
destructible, adj. fragilis, quod perdl potest.
destructibility, n. fragilitas. destruc-
tion, n. dissolutio, eversio, excidium, ex(s)tinctio.
destructive, adj. jierniciosus, exitlosus, fun-
estus. Adv. perniciose.
desuetude, n. oblivio.
desultory, adj. inconstant, llvis, mobilis,
instabilis. Adv. parum diligeiiter.
detach, v.tr. alqd ab alqd re separare, sejun-
glre, disjungire. detachment, n. =a body
of troops, delecta manus, -lis, delecti (milites).
details, n. singula, -orum, singulae res ; to
go into — , de singulis agcre. detail, v.tr. res
ej;plieare, singula conseciari ct colligere.
detain, v.tr. (de)tinlre. detention, n.
imjiedvnentum, mora; — in custody, custodia,
comprchensio ( = arrest).
detect, v.tr. alqr,i in alqd re deprehendere',
alqd invenire, reperire, paiefacere. detection,
n. deprehensio, but better by verb (e.g. the — h
due to him, a6 eo res patefacta est).
deter, v.tr. deterrlre alqm ab or de re (or witli
ne, quin, quominus).
deteriorate, I. v.tr. deterius Jac&re, in
detenus mutare, in pejus mutare or vertere, cor-
rumjiere. II. v.intr. deter iorem (deterius) fieri,
in pejorem partem verti et mutari, in pejus mutari*
deterioration, n. deterior coiulicio or
status, -us.
determine, v.tr. 1 = settle, alqd (di)}udi-
care, (de)finire, alqd or de alqd re decemcre, alqd
statucre, constitute; 2, = decide to, skduf.re,
constitute, decernere with infln. ; I am ed,
certum est mihi alqd facere, or by fut. part. (e.g.
— to die, inoriturus). determination, n. 1,
(de)finitio, (di)judicatio, arbitrium, judicium,
sententia; 2, consilium, ratio; 3, = decision of
character, constantia, gravitas. determined,
adj. cousUt7is, gravis.
detest, v.tr. ahpn or alqd detestari, aversari.
detestable, adj. detestandus, detestabilis.
Adv. foede, ne/arie. detestation, n. odium.
dethrone, v.tr. alci regi imperium abrogare,-
regnum alci eripere or au/erre.
detonate, vintr. crcpitare, t fragorem dare',
detract, v.tr. detrahere de alqo or de alqd re,
aljd miiiuere, alci obtrectare. detraction, n,
obtrectatio.
det
an
dim
detriment, n. damnum, tletrimentum,
(actum. detrimental, ndj. perniciosus,
iniquus, adversus, \ contrariiis. Adv. jwniiciosc.
deuce, n. as exclamation, malum, abi in
malum rem (or crueem).
devastate, v.tr. (per)vastare, (de)pnpulari,
perpopidarU devastation, n. vastatio, (de)-
popxdatio.
develop, I. v.tr. 1, = explain, alqd erplirnre,
evnlrere, erplanarc ; 2, = educate, educare,
eidoUre; 3, = improve, augrre (e.g. tlio re-
sources of a country), excolere. II. v.intr.
crescere, adoleseere, augeri. development, n.
1, explicatio, erplanatio ; 2, = growth, etc.,
auctus, -its, progressus, -vs.
deviate, v.intr. declinare, deflectere, digredi,
discedere, ab alqd re (ab)errare. deviation, n.
deelinatio (lit. or fig.), digressio (fig.), devious,
adj. devius, errabundus.
device, n. 1, ratio, consilium; 2, — motto,
insigne, dictum, seatentia; as an inscription,
inscriptio.
devil, n. * dw.bolus (Eccl.); go to the — !
abi in malaM partem! devilish, adj. * dia-
lolicvs (Eccl.), nefandus. Adv. * diabolice, foede.
devise, v.tr. 1, exeogiturc, invenire, Jingere,
machinari (in a bad sense) ; 2, see Bequeath.
devoid, adj. (ah) alqd re vacuus, liber; — of
care, securus.
devolve, I. v.tr. alqd aid, (depnandare,
defer re. II. v.intr. alci (nh)vcnire, transmit! i.
devote, v.tr. 1, lit. alqd alci (dAvor'.r,
(aon)secrare, (de)di<xtre ; 2, fig. alqd alci (rei) ad-
didre, ad alqd destinare ; to — oneself to. sc alci
(rei) dedcre, sc ad alqd con/erre. devoted, adj.
alcjs rei studiosus. Adv. studios?, or by supcrl.
(e.g. — attached, umantissimus). dcvotion,n.l,
devotio, dedicatio; 2, stndium, obsequium, obser-
vantia, amor, benevolentia ; 3, = religions feeling,
pietas ergo. Deum. devotions, n. preces, -urn, f.
devout, adj. plus erga Deum, venerabundus.
Adv. pie.
dew, n. ros ; the — fulls, rorat, cadit ros.
dewy, adj. roscidus.
dewlap, n. palearia, -ium, pi.
dexterity, n. habUitas, famltas, ingenii
dex'eritas ad alqd, sol(l)ertio, pe.ritia, scientla rei.
dexterous, adj. kahilis, dexter, peritus,sol(l)er8,
eciena. Adv. dext(e)re, perite, sol(l)erter, scienter.
diadem, n. dtademn, -alis, n., insigne
(regium).
diagonal, adj. diagonal!.*.
diagram, n. descriptio, forma (geomeirica).
dial, n. solarium.
dialect, n. lingua with special adj. (e.g.
rustica, Anglicana); dialects, -i (Snet.) ; to
speak in the Doric — , Dorics loqui.
dialectics, n. dialectica, -at, dialectica, -orum,
Ti. ars benedissereudi et vera ar falsa dijudimndi,
illsserendi ratio.
dialogue, n. 1, =the philosophical, dialogue,
pernio; 2, = — in plays, diverbium, sermones at
terni ; 3, = conversation, srrmo.
diameter, n. Tdiametros, linr'i media.
diamond, n. adamas.
diaphragm, n. diaphragma (hue), t>i
praecordia, -ium, pi.
diarrhoea, n. olvl profluvium, profusio,
alvvscita, citatior, Hqvida.fluens, soluta (Stappoia
only as a Greek word, in Cicero).
diary, n. ephemeris, -idis, f . ( = n merchant's
»-), adversaria, orum.
dice, die) I. n. talus, trssem; to play at ---
tali* or tfsseris ludlre, aled or alcam ludcre; a — •
box, fritillvs, alvtus, alveolus. II. v.intr. tedoi
or tesseras jucere or mittere. dicer, n. p^n,
aleator.
dictate, v.tr. 1, = to read to one who writes
down, dictare; 2. see Order, dictation, n.
1, sec Order, Sw.vy ; 2, = an exercise, quod,
dictatum est. dictator, n. dictator, dicta-
torial, adj. imperiosuB. dictatorship, n,
dictatura.
diction, n. dicendi or seribendi gnats, -A-fs,
n., se.rmo.
dictionary, n. * thesaurus verbomm,
die v.intr. mori, vitd '■ dcccdcre, diem svprcm-
vm obt.e.
diet, I, 11. 1, victus, -■)".', diaeta ; 2, = as-
sembly, conventus regum or principum. II.
v.tr. alqm victum edei imponere.
differ, v.intr. diserepare cum alqo or alqd re,
dissidere, dissent ire ah or Mini abp, differre ab
alqo or olqf< re. different, adj. discrepant, rli-
versus, tlissimilis, rarius. Adv. nliter, aliomodo.
difference, n. varictas, diversitas (in pen.),
discrepantia, dissensio ( — — in opinion ami
feeling).
difficult, adj. difficilis, arduus, imped it us,
magni negolii, laboriosus. difficulty, n. diffi-
cultas; pecuniary difficulties, pecuniae inopiu ;
with — , vix.
diffidence, . n. diffide utio. diffident, adj.
timidus, diffidens. Adv. timide, modeste.
diffuse, I. v.tr. .diffundbre, differre, (ili)rul-
gave. II. adj. copiosus, verbosua ; to be — ,
longum esse. Adv. longe, diffuse, latins ct diffu-
sa us, copiose, verbose, diffuseness, n. by adj.
(e.g. the — of a speech, oralio longa). diffu-
sion, n. propagatio, or by adj.
dig, v.tr. fodSre; to — up, effodlre, ci-cllcre.
digger, n. fossor. %
digest, I. v.tr. concoquire, conficere. II. n.
digexla, -orum (Jet.), digestion, n. concoctio.
digestible, adj. facilis ad concoquendum.
dignity, n. 1, in gen. honeetas ( = moral
dignity), gravitas ( = earnestness of character),
auctoritas ( = influence), amplitndo, majestas
( = rank), dignitas ( = both of character and
rank); to stand en one's — , superbvm se /; ie-
hire; 2, = dignity of ofllce, dignitas; official
— , magistrate, -us. dignify, v.tr. dignita-
tem defer re alci, (ex)ornare alqm. dignified,
adj. gravis; in a — way, summd gravitate.
digress, v.intr. ab alqd re digredi, aberrare.
digressive, adj. o piroposito digredi. di-
gression, n. digressio.
dike, ii. moles, -is, f., agger, -cris, in.
dilapidation, n. injuria, detriment urn.
dilate, v.tr. 1, — to extend, dilatare; 2, fig.
to — upon, de alqd re latius dicere.
dilatory, adj. tardus, lentvs. dilatori-
ness, n. cunctatio, tarditas, mora.
dilemma, n. complerio; the horns of a—,
res in angustias deductae.
diligence, n. diligentia, induslria, (gjnari-
las ; with — . Industrie, (g)nuviter, sedulo, strenne,
studiose, diligenter, cum diligentid. diligent,
adj. tlilitjciis, industrlus, studiosus rei.
dilute, v.tr. 1, lit. aqnA alqd (pcr)miscne,
diluire; 2, fig. diluere ( — an evil).
dim, I. v.tr. obscurare. II. adj. dbsenrus.
dimness, n. obsonritas.
dimension, n. dimensio.
diminish, I. v.tr. 'jm}miimlre, n»W
dim
G?5
din
IX. v.intr. sc minuere, (im)minui. diminu-
tive, n. nomen deminutivum(Grnm.), see SMALL,
dimple, n. gelasinus (Mart.).
din, I. 11. strepitus, -iis, fremitus, -us ; to
make a — , strepere, strepitwm edere. II. v.tr.
alcjs nines obtundere.
dine, v.tr. prandere, cenare; to — with one,
npud alqm cenare or accuhare. dining-room,
11. conclave, dinner, n. (at noon) prandium,
(the chief meal, at three or four o'clock) cena.
dingy, adj. fuscus, sordidus,
dint, n. 1, = a mark, nota ; 2, by — of, by
abl. (e.g. ira, = by — of anger).
diocese, n. *diocesis (Eccl.).
dip, I. v.tr. (in)tingire in re, merg&re in alqd.
II. v.intr. 1, (im)mergi; 2, see Incline ; 3, to —
into (of a book), lihrum strictim attingere. III.
n. 1, = slope, dcclinatio; — of a hill, deciivi-
tas; 2, = into water, by verb (e.g. to take a — ,
immergi).
diploma, n. diploma, -dtis, n. diplomacy,
n. 1, legatio (e.g. to follow the profession of
— , legationes obire); 2, = craft, astutia.
diplomat, n. legates, diplomatic, adj. =
clever, astutus, callidus.
dire, adj. dims, atrox. direfulness, n.
atrocitas.
direct, I. v.tr. 1, = to manage, alci rei
praecsse, praesidere, alqd administrate, procurare,
dirigere, regere, gubirnare; 2, see Order; 3, =
to show the way, viam alci monstrare ; 4, = to
— one's course, etc., iter dirigere, flectcre, con-
verted ; 5, = to — a letter, alci cpistolam
inscrihere. II. adv. see Directly. III. adj.
(di)rcrtus. direction, it. 1, cura, procwatio,
administrate, moderatio, gubematio ; 2, see
Order ; 3, use verb ; 4, = course, iter, itineris,
n., cursus, -us, via; in different — s, in- diversas
■partes ; 5, insariptlo. directly, adv. 1, = in -a
straight course, recta vid; 2, = immediately,
statim, confestim. directness, n. 1, of a route,
via recta ; 2, of speech, sermo manifestos, clams,
planus, director, n. magister, praeses, -idis,
in. and f. , prae.fcctus.
dirge, n. nenia.
dirt, n. caenum, sordes, -is, f. , illuvies, squalor.
dirty, I. adj. 1, lit. caenosus, lutulentus, spurcus,
sordidus '/iimundus; to be — , surdire, stpicdirc;
2, Hg. suididus, turpis. Adv. spurce, sordide,
immvnde. II, v.tr. 7iuiculare, inquinare.
disable, v.tr. infirmare, enervate, debililare,
frangire.
disabuse, v.tr. alqm dedoccre alqd.
disadvantage, n. incommodum ; see
Damage, disadvantageous, adj. incom-
Modus. Adv. incommode.
disaffect, v.tr. (ab)alienare, sol(l)icitare.
disaffected, adj. (ab)alienatus, animo aliemo
or averso ab alqo or alqd re. disaffection,
n. alienatio, animus alienus or aversns.
disagree, v.intr. ab alqo, inter se, etc., dis-
crepare, dissentire, dissidere; of food, non facile
concoqui, stomucho graven, esse. disagree-
able, adj. ingratus, gravis, molest us, injucun-
dus. Adv. ingrate, graviter, molestc. dis-
agreement, n. dissidium; see Quarrel.
disallow, v.tr. improbare, renucre, vctare.
disappear, v.intr. ahire, aufcrri, tolli, ob-
ecurari, evantscere. disappearance, n. by
verb (e.g. after the disappearance of this hope,
hac spe subldtd).
disappoint, v.tr. ad vanum or ad irritum
redigcrc, frustrari, spent fallen ; to — a person
in all his plans, conturbure tdci omnes rat tones.
disappointment, n. frustfallo, better l>y
verb (e.g. 1 have met with a — , spes mefefellit).
disapprove, v.tr. improbare, reprobare, con*
demnare. disapproval, n. improbatla'.
disarm, v.tr. alqm armis exuere, arma alci
adimere.
disarrange, v.tr. (con)turbare, perturbare,
confundere. disarrangement, n. perturimtio.
disaster, n. malum, clades, -is, f., calamitas,
incommodum, casus, -us (adversns); to he in—,
afflictd condicione esse, disastrous, adj. cala-
milosus, funestus, adversus, gravis, tristis ; —
state of things, res adversac, fortunae affiiclae.
Adv. calumilose, funeste, adverse, graviter.
disavow, v.tr. diffitcri, infitiari, infitias ire,
abnuerc, repudiate, (de)negare. disavowal, n.
infltiatio, repudiatio (rare).
disband, v.tr. exauctorare, missos faelre,
dimittere, militia solvere, Sacramento solvere.
disbelieve, v.tr. alci (rei) non credere, dis-
belief, n. use verb.
disburden, v.tr. alqm or alqd alq/l re
exonerare, levare, liberare, solvere, cxpedire.
disburse, v.tr. see Pa v.
discern, v.tr. discernere; — black from
white, atra ct alba or ab ulbis discernere. dis-
cernible, adj. conspicuus. discerning, adj.
intellegens, perspicax, sagax, p>rudens. discern-
ment, n. 1, = distinguishing, distinctio ; 2, =
insight, intelligent ia, prudentia, perspicicntia ;
a man of great — , vir prudentissimus.
discharge, I. v.tr. 1, as a soldier, missum
facire, alqm (dipnittere (ab cxercitu), alqm militUl
solvere, exauctorare alqm, Sacramento solvere alqm
( = to free a soldier from his oath), alqm loco
uiovSre ; — a gladiator, rude (rudis' = the foil
given.as a token of honour) donare; to — a civil
officer or servant, mittire alqm, missumfacere alqm,
remorere. alqm repubtic-d, alqm submorHre adminis-
tralione reipublicac or n republicd; 2, = unload,
navem, etc., exonerare ; 3, = pay, solvere; 4, =
perform, alqd re fungi ; 5, = let off, telum (e)mit-
tere. II. v.intr. of rivers, in mare effundi or
(e.nfluire ; of wounds, pus exit, or effunditur.
III. n. 1, (di)missio; 2, by verb; 3, solutlo ;
4, functio ; 5, cmissio ; 6, of wounds, rivers,
etc., use verb.
disciple, n. discipulns, auditor.
discipline, I. n, disciplina, regimen; want
of — , licentia. il. v.tr. instituire, coercire, in.
officio contlnire.
disclaim, v.tr. repudiare.
disclose, v.tr. detegire, relegere, revelare,
nudare, aperire, jxdefacere. disclosure, n.
indicium, delatio.
discolour, v.tr. colorem mutare, decolorarc.
discomfit, v.tr. 1, fundire, proftigare, in
fugamvertere; 2, fig. repellere, sjwit alci eripire.
discomfiture, n. 1, eludes, -is, f., strages, -is,
i.,fuga; 2, by verb.
discomfort, n. incommodum.
disconcerted, adj. perturbatus.
disconsolate/, adj. spe destitutus, tristis.
Adv. maeste.
discontent, n. molest ia, taedium, fast-id ium.
discontented, adj. sorte sud non contentus;
to be — , moleste ferre alqd.
discontinue, v.tr. interrumpere, intermit-
tere, intercdp&re, omittere, dirimcre.
discord, n. 1, in music, diserepam sonus, -its!
dissonantia ; 2, fig. dissensio, dissidium, discordia.
discordant, adj. 1, in music, absonvs; 2,
dissidens ab or cum alqo, discors cum alqo. Adv.
sf«e concentu, non congruenter.
dis
676
dis
discount, I. 11. deductio; without any
~-, sine ulld deduction? ; to pay without — ,
solidum solvere. II. v.tr. deduction* facta pccu-
niam solvere.
discountenance, v.tr. improbare, condem-
nors
discourage, v.tr. animvm alcjs infringh-e,
deprimere, /range re, affligere ; to be discouraged,
ajiigi, de a!qd re desperare ; to — anything, alqd
diseuwtire or with ne ; see Df.ter. discour-
agement n. quod alcjs animum affligit.
discourse, I. n. = conversation, serai,
collocutio, colloquium, disputatio ( = discussion) ;
= a speech or sermon, contio. II. v.intr. 1,
confabulari, colloqui cum alqo ; 2, contionari ( =
— to nn assembly of the people), orationem
facere or habere.
discourteous, adj. inurbanus, rusticus.
Adv. inurbane, rustics, discourtesy, n. in-
■u rba nitas, rust icitas.
discover, v.tr. invenire, aperire, detegire
( = find), indicare ( = point out), in lucem pro-
ferre, enuntiare{— make known), discoverer,
n. inventor, auctor, index, inventrix (fern.),
discovery, n. inventia, investigate (as act);
= the thing discovered, inventum, res inventa.
discredit, I. n. = disgrace, dedecns,-oris,n.,
ignominia, probrum, infamia. II. v.tr. alejsfidem
minvi-re, de fund detrahere, alcjs auctoritatcm
levare, aid invidiam facere. discreditable,
adj. inhonestus, turpis.
discreet, adj. prudens, cautus, gravis, con-
stans. Adv. prudenter, cante, graviter, constan-
ter. discretion, n. prudentia, continentia
( = self-restraint), cautio ( = wariness).
discrlminate.'v.tr. di(j)udicarr, disrernere,
distinguere {alqd ab alqa re or two nouns joined
by et). discrimination, n. discrimen; to
make — , discrimen facere.
discursive, adj. inconstans, varius, vagus.
Adv. varir, incovstanter. discursiveness,
n. error.
dl8CUS3, v.tr. disceptare, disputare. {alqd or
derey discussion, n. disceptatio, disputatio.
disdain, I. v.tr. dedignari, spernere, fasti-
dire, asnernari. II. n. fastigium, arrogantia.
disdainful, adj. arrugans; see Hauohtv.
disease, n. morbus; to suffer from — ,
aegrotare. diseased, adj. aeger, aegrotus.
disembark, I. v.tr. exponere ; — soldiers,
copias {e classe, navibvs) exponere. II. iutr.
exponi (e nave) egredi. disembarkation, n.
egrtssnis, -us.
disembarrass, v.tr. alqm alqd re expedire,
liberare, cxanerare.
disembodied, adj. corporis sui expers.
disenchant, v.tr. 1, lit. alqm liberare (allow.
ing context to dellne from what) ; 2, fig. alcjs
animum converters, or mnlare.
disengage, v.tr. solvere, liberare. disen-
gaged, adj. otiosut, i-acuns.
disentangle, v.tr. expedire, cxplicare.
disfavour, n. odium, ira ; to fall into — ,
alci in otlium venire.
disfigure, v.tr. deformare.
disfranchise, v.tr. dvitatem aid adimere,
alqm sufragio privare. disfranchisement,
n. by verb (e.g. he suffered — , sufragio privaius
est).
disgorge, v.tr. 1, (e)vomcn\ r{j)icere ; 2,=
give up, redden.
disgrace, I. n. 1, = shame, turpitudo,
infamia, dedeevs, -5ris, n., ignomin ul ; mark of --,
nota; 2, = shameful act, dedecus,probrum,fidgi-
tium, opprobrium. II. v.tr. dedecorare, polluere,
alci dedecori esse, dedecus inurcre. disgraceful,
adj. turpis, foedus, inhonestus, flagitiosus, pro-
brosus, infamia. Adv. turpitcr, foede, inhoneste,
flagitiose.
disguise, I. n. 1, in dress, vest is mutata;
= mask, persona, larva ; 2, = appearance,
metics, simulacrum, imago, simulatio, persona.
II. v.tr. 1, alqm aliend veste occultare, vestum
mutarc ; 2, tig. alqd {dis)simnlare, occultare.
disgust, n. fastidium, taedium, satietas
(from fulness), nausea (from a foul stomach).
disgusting, adj. tcter, molestus ( =: trouble-
some), gravis, horrihilis. Adv. tetre, mnlestf,
graviter.
dish, I. n. patina, patella, lan.r, scutnla.-
II. v.tr. — up, apponere.
dishearten, v.tr. animum akjs frangere,
spern alci eripfre.
dishonest, adj. malus, improbus, inhonestus,
male moratus, fallax, fraudulcntus. Adv. male,
improbe, fallaciter, fra ndulenter. dishonesty,
n. improbitas, mores pravi or corrupti, fraus.
dishonour, I. v.tr. dedecorare, dedecor; affi-
cere, p<illucre. II. n. ignominia ; see Disgrace.
disinclination, n. dedinatio rei (opp.
appetitio), fuga, animus alienus or aversus.
disinclined, adj. ab alqd re alienus, alienatus,
aversus.
disingenuous, adj. see Dishonest.
disinherit, v.tr. exheredare, exheredem
facere, hereditate excluders.
disinter, v.tr. effodtre, eruere.
disinterested, adj. suae utiliiatit imme-
mor. Adv. gratuito, liberaliter. disinter-
estedness, n. liberalitas, abstinentia.
disjoin, v.tr. disjungere, sejung&re.
disjoint, v.tr. = cut up, scindCre,{dis)secare,
concidirc, membratim caedire. disjointed, adj.
inierruptus, hand continuus, laud bene composi-
tus. Adv. incomposite.
disk, n. discus, orbis, m.
dislike, v.tr. improbare, aversari, fast id ire.
dislocate, v.tr. luxare (only in past part.).
dislocation, n. by verb.
dislodge, v.tr. (dr)pelle're, expelllre, propel'
lire.
disloyal, adj. perfidus, infidelis. Adv. per-
fide, disloyalty, n. perjiaia, infidelitas; to
show — , perjide agire.
dismal, adj. maestus, luctuosus, tristis, miser.
Adv. maeste, luctuose, misere.
dismantle, v.tr. alqd nudare, retegirej —
fortifications, diruere.
dismast, v.tr. malo or malis privare.
dismay, I. n. terror. II. v.tr. ten-Ire
alqm ; see Frighten.
dismember, v.tr. see Disjoint.
dismiss, v.tr. {ili)mittere, missvm face re
alqm; see Discharge. dismissal, n. (rfi>
missio, (to vote for — , e.g. senatvs Caelium ah re-
publicd removendum censuit) ; of soldiers, dis-
missio militnm, exauctoratio ; see Discharge.
dismount, v.intr. descendire, desilire ex
eqvo or equis.
disobey, v.tr. alci non parcre or oboedire,
alci dicto audientem non esse, disobedient,
adj. non parens, dicto non avdiens, minus oboe-
diens. Adv. non oboedienter. disobedience,
11. contumacia.
disoblige, v.tr. alci morem non gcrcrc.
dis
677
dis
elisor 'er, I. n. 1, confusio; 2, = — of the
mind, animi commotio, pertnrbatio ; 3, = moral
— , licentla ; 4, — disease, morbus. II. v.tr. (con)-
turban, perturbare, nuscere, confundere. dis-
ordered, adj. 1, of body, aeger; 2, of mind,
aluuatHs. disorderly, adj. 1, = confused,
confusns, (con)turbatus, perplexus, incompositus,
inortlinatus; 2, — of conduct, ejfrcnatus, disso-
httus, pravus, corruptus.
disorganize, v.tr. (dis)solvere, resolvere.
disorganisation, n. dissolutio.
disown, v.tr. — a person's authority, de-
trectare alcjs imperium: — as a judge, alqm
judicem recusare ; — a debt, infiliari debitum.
disparage, v.tr. cxtenuare, elevare, parvi
facere, alci obtrectare. disparagement, n.
obtrectatio. disparaging, adj. invidiosus.
disparity, n. dissimilitudo, diversitas,
differentia.
dispassionate, adj. placidus, placatus,
tranquility. Adv. placide, placate, tranquille.
dispatch, v.tr. see Despatch.
dispel, v.tr. discutere (= to shake off), dissi-
pare (e.g. ordinespugnantium), (de)pcllere, dispel-
lerc, (dissolve re, resolvere; — fear, metum alci
depellerc.
dispense, v.tr. 1, = distribute, distribute,
dividere; 2, — with, (di)mittere ( = get rid
of), algd re carere ( = be without), dispensa-
tion, U. venia ( — pardon).
disperse, I. v.tr. dis(j)icere, dissipare, dis-
pergere, (dis)pellcre, fugare ( - put to flight).
II. v.intr. se dispergere, dispergi, dilabi, discur-
rere, diffugere, effundi. dispersion, n. dissi-
patw, Juga.
dispirit, v.tr. animum akjs affiigere or
frangire or infringere.
displace, v.tr. loco suo inovcrc, trans/erre.
display, I. v.tr. 1, in conspectum dare,
prae se fern, proponh-e, venditare, ostenderc cc-
hibcre; 2, = do, aglre, facere; — oneself, (se)
2»-uestare, se gerlre, or praebire. II. n. ostentatio,
rendilatio.
displease, v.tr. alci displicere, algd habere
offetisionls; be displeased with, alci irasci.
displeasure, n. offensio, ira, iiulignatio;
without — , aequo animo.
_ dispose, v.tr. 1, = settle, statuere, constitu-
cre; 2, — of, vendere, see Sell: finire, see Finish;
(dija re uti, see Employ ; alqm interficere, see Kill'
disposal, n. institutio, ordinatio, arbitrium
potestas; to be at the — of anyone, penes alqm
or ex alcjs arbilrio esse. disposed, adj
erga alqm animatus, ad algd indinatus ail
win alqd propensus, ad alqd proclivis (usu. in bad
sense), disposition, n. 1, sec Disposal ; 2.
— character, indoles, ingenium, mores, -urn; 3
= frame of mind, voluntas, animi inclinatio, pro'-
chvitas. r
, dispossess, v.ti: de possession dimovere el
Uc(j)icere, possessione depellerc, deturbare.
disproportion, n. inaequalitas, dissimili-
tudu. disproportionate, adj. inaequalis,
nun aeqituhs, juslo or soldo major, impar. Adv
dissimtlitcr, justo or solito majus.
disprove, v.tr. refdlere, redargues, dis-
proof, ii. responsio ( = reply), re/utatio.
dispute, I. v.tr. 1, verbis contendere, con-
certare, disputare, disuptare ; — about, alqd in
conlroversiam rocare or adducere; 2. = quarrel
cum alqn rixari. U. „. 1, disputatio, conten-
tio, controvcrsia, concertatio, disceptatio : 2
T\za. r ' "'
disqualify, v.tr, 1, legal U : = make an
exception of, excipere; 2, = hinder, alipn im,
pedxre or prohibere nc or qnominus, alci nbesse.
disquiet, n. iughics, -etU, f., animi molus,
-its, (animi) perlurlnitio. disquieted, adj.
Ulqitietus, auxins, sol(l)icitns.
disquisition, n.',a« tatio, oratio( = speech),
scriptum ( = a writing).
disregard, I. n. 1, = luglect, neglcgentui ;
2, = disrespect, contemptio; t<> hold in — , male
ik alqo opinari. II. v.tr. parvi, minimi facere.
disregardful, adj. alcjs rei negkgens, im-
manor.
disrespect, n. contemptio, despicientia ;
comb, contemptio et despicienlia ; sec Disregard.
disrespectful, adj. arrogans, insolens.
dissatisfy, v.tr. aki displicere. dissatis-
fied, adj. tristis, or by alqd aegre fare, dis-
satisfaction, I), moleslia, taedium, iiulignatio,
ira.
dissect, v.tr. (dis)secare. dissection, n.
anaiomia or aiuitomice (late).
dissemble, v.tr. (disjslviulare. dissem-
bler, n. rei simulator ac dissimulator.
disseminate, v.tr. spargcre. dispergere,
jaccrc, differre, sercre. dissemination, n.
use verb or rumor (e.g. the — of a report was
great, rumor percrebuii).
dissension, n. discordia ; see Discord.
dissent, I. v.intr. ab alqo dissenlire. II,
n. dissensio. dissentient, or dissenter,
qui ab alqo dissentit.
disservice, n. detrimentum, injuria.
dissever, v.tr. sejungcre, secernere, segregare.
dissimilar, adj. dissimilis, diversus, diversi
generis. dissimilitude, n. dissimilitudu.
dissimulation, n. dissimulatio ; see Dis-
semble.
dissipate, v.tr. dissipare; see Disperse.
dissipatod, adj. effusus, pravus, dissolutus,
luxuriosus, ad luxurium effusus, libidinosus.
dissipation, n. luxuria, licentia, pravilas.
dissolve, v.tr. 1, = melt, liquefaccrc, liquari,
(dis)solvcre, (re)so!vere, diluere ; 2, = break up,
(dis)solvere, di(s)junglrc. dissolute, see Dis-
sipated, dissolution, 1, liquefactio ; 2, dis-
solutio, dissipatio. dissoluteness, n. mores
dissoluti, pravi, etc.
dissonant, adj. absdnus. dissonance, n.
vox absonu.
dissuade, v.tr. dissuadere alqd or de alqd
re, dehortari alqm ab alqd re, deterrere alqm ab
alqd re, or with ne, quin, quominus. dissua-
sion, n. dissuasio.
dissyllable, n. dtsyllabus.
distaff, n. colus, f.
distance, I. n. 1, of space, sputium, dis-
tant ia, intervallum, longinguitas ; at a long — ;
longo spatio or intervallo interjecto ; 2, of time,
spatium, intervallum ; 3, fig. of manner, superbia
( = pride). II. v.tr. alqm superare ; see Sur-
pass, distant, adj. 1, remotus, longinguus ;
to be — , distare, abesse ab ; to bo far — , distare
longo intervallo or p road disjunction esse ab ; lie
is far — , lange abest ; 2, praetcritus; 3, =
proud, superbus. Adv. proad, superbe.
distaste, n. animus alienus, stomacniu;
taedium. distasteful, adj. molestus, injucuii-
dus, ingratus. Adv. molesle, injucunde, ingrate.
distemper, n. see Disease.
distend, v.tr. refercire (— stuff full), dis-
tention, n. distentio, or by verb (e.g. stomachus
refertus).
di3t.il, t, y.tr, ^ _ make by distillation,
dis
GTS
doe
(de)coquere; 2, = pour out by drops, stillarc.
II. v.intr. stillare. distillation, u. by verb.
distiller, n. qui alqd (de)coquit.
distinct, adj. 1, = separate, distinctvs,
separatus, di(s)junctiia ; 2, = clear, distinetns,
tlkriis, perspicuus. Adv. sevaratim, distincte',
dare, perspicue. distinction, n. 1, = act
uf distinguishing, distinclio; to draw a —
between two tilings, aliud — aliltd esse telle;
sec Difference ; 2, = rank, etc., honor, dignitas;
man of — , vir illnstris or darns; a mark of — ,
insignc. distinctive, adj. proprius. Adv.
proprie. distinctiveness, n. perspicuilas.
distinguish, v.tr. 1, sen Discern ; — between,
(inter) alqas res dijudicarc ; 2, = honour, alqm
{alqd re) ornare ; — oneself, gloriam adipisci.
distinguished, adj. insignis, clams, nobilis,
eximius ; a — man, vir omnibus rebus urnatus or
praecellcns.
distort, v.tr. 1, detorquere, distorquere (e.g.
oeulos) ; 2, in pejus detorquere, vertere.
distract, v.tr. 1, = turn the attention,
alqm (in plura sludia, etc.) distraliere, distinere;
2, in a bad sense, alqm (con)lurbaix, perturbure.
distracted, adj. (cun)iurbatus, perlvrbatus,
luente UubaUi. Adv. raptim jitque turbate,
or by adj. aniens, distraction, n. 1, =
interruption, impedimentum ; 2, ~ want of
attention, animi coniurbatio, incuria (= care-
lessness), neglegentia.
distrain, v.tr. in possessionem, rerum
debiloris mild (Jet), bona alcjs reman distra-
liere (Jet.), bona vendlre. distraint, u.
lonorum venditio (Jet.).
distress, I. v.tr. angire. vexare, vrere, (dis)-
cruciare. II. I). 1, anxietas, timor, nimia
curu ; 2, = poverty, res angustae, angvs-
tine; 3, = danger, periculnm; to be in — ,
labor are, in periexdo versari; 4, = Distraint.
distressed, adj. a n.rius,sol(l)icil us, ' — in mind,
anxius tinimo ; — circumstances, res afflictae or
angustae. distressing, adj. gravis, acer'ous.
Adv. graviler, acerbc.
distribute, v.tr. distributers, meiiri, partiri,
'dispertire, dividere, (e)largiri, dispendere ( = placo
liere and there), assignare, dej-cribcrc. distri-
bution, n. portitio, distributio, assignalio (of
land), descriplio, largitio.
district, n. ager, regio, terra.
distrust, n. di[lidentia (— in, alcjs rei),
parva fides, svspleio. distrustful, adj. sits-
piciosus, diffidens, dijfisus. Adv. diffidenter,
euspiciose.
disturb, v.tr. {con)turbdre, perturbare. dis-
turbance, n. turbatio, tnmullus, -iis, mollis,
•f(.«. disturber, n. turbator.
disunion, n. dissenslo, disciditm, discordia;
— in the State, ciriles dissensiones ; to excite — ,
commorcre. disunite, v.tr. sejungcre, secernire,
disju ngSre, dissociate.
■ disuse, v.tr. dedodre ahpn alqd ; — yourself
to, dediseerc alqd, consucludinem rei minuere.
ditch, n. fossa, incite, ditcher, n. fossor.
dithyrambic, adj. dithyrctmbicus.
ditty, n. carmen, cantus, -fis.
diurnal, adj. cot(t)idianus (quot.), diumus.
dive, v.intr. 1, urinari, se (dc)mcrgh-c, die)-
niergi, submergi ; — under, alqd re or in ub ;
in alqd re ox sub alqd; 2, — into, = examine,
alqd explorare, invest igarc, cognoscijrc ; =rea(l in
parts, librum strictim attingere. diver, n.
lirinator.
diverge, v.intr. 1, ltt, discedh-c, digredi;ol
toads, in diversas partes ferre; 2, lig- ab alqp
discreparc, dissentire ; see Differ, diver-
gence, n. 1, declinatio; 2, dissensio.
diverse, adj. diversus, dispar, impar, dis-
similis. Adv. diverse, dissimilUer. diversion,
l). 1, dcrivatio ; 2, avocatio ; 3, deledatio,
oblectatio, voluptas, oblectamentum. diversify,
v.tr. variare, distingiiere. diversity, Ii. diver-
silas, discrepantia, dissensio. divert, v.tr. 1,
a river, avertere, derivure; 2, = lead aside, avo-
care, sevocare, distinere, diducire, flectere ; 3, =
to amuse, deledare, oblectarc. divei'tmg. adj.
jucundus, jocosus.
divest, v.tr. uUpn eiuere, ulqm alqd, re midair,
detegcre.
divide, I. v.tr. dividere, partiri, dispertire,
disjiertiri, distributee, describere. II. v.intr. 1.
dividi, disccdere; 2, of opinion, in contrarias
sententius distrahi; 3, = vote, in sententiam,
alcjs (jiedibus) ire, in sententiam alcjs disccdere.
dividend, n. = interest, iisum, foenus, -oris, n.
division, n. 1, partttio, divisio; 2, = a large
part of an army, legio ; 3, = a part, jxtrs, jxirtio.
divisible, adj. quod dividi potest.
divine, I. adj. 1, dicinvs, caelestis; by —
inspiration, divinitus ; to honour as — , alqm
divino lionore eolere, alci divinus honores hab-
ere; 2, tig. praestans, cximius, pv.lclierriw.vs.
Adv. divine, divinitus, eximie, pvlcherrime.
II. n. sacerdos, * clericus. III. v.tr. 1, lit.
diviuare, pracsagire, praedicerc, vaticinari,
(hjariolari; 2, tig. praecipere, praesentire, con-
jeeturd conscqui, conjecture. divination,
n. 1, divinatio, raticinatio, auguratio (= —
by birds); the substance or result of — , vati-
cinium, acactdum ; to (ell by — , divinare ( = to
di\ine), vaticinari ( — to prophesy), (h)ariolari
( = to tell fortunes), j'ulura divinare; 2, =
conjecture, eoiijectara. diviner, n. vaticinator,
vales, (h)ariolns. divinity, n. divinitus, na-
Vara divina, visdivina.
divorce, I. n. divortium, discidium (= separ-
ation), diffarreatio ( — eating apart, opp. «m-
farreatio), repudium ( = putting away). II.
v.tr. as the act of the man, divortium facers cum
vxore, repudium remitters vxori, ivxorem repu-
diure ; Clares vxori adimerc; the woman was
saiil divortium facere cum maritn, repudiare
virum, disccdere a vim.
divulge, v.tr. (di)vvlgare, in medium pro-
ferre, deelarare, aperire.
dizzy, adj. vertiginosvs ; a — height, immensa
altitudo. dizziness, n. vertigo.
do, v.tr. facere (I fall at thy feet and beg, which
I cannot — without the greatest pain, supplex te
rugn, quod sine snmmo dolore facere von possum),
agere, genre, admin i strare ; to — too much,
modioli execdere in re; I — not know what I shall
— , quid again, or faciam nescio ; what have you
to — here? quid tibi hie negotii est < to he done
for, dc re actum esse ; to — again, reficfre, redin-
Wgrarc, repetcre, iterare ; — away with, see
Abolish, Kill, doer, n. audor.
docile, adj. docilis. Adv. dociliter. do-
cility, n. docilitas.
dock, I. n. navale, or navalki, -ium. II.
v.tr. = out short, praccidirc.
doctor, I. n. medicus. II. v.tr. alci mederi,
alqm curare.
doctrine, n. = instruction, dodrina, insti-
tute, praeceplum. doctrinal, adj. quod ad
doctrinam pertinet,
document, n. lit(t)erae, tabulae.
dodge, I. v.tr. alqm hue iliuc trahere, cir*
atmvenire, illudere. II. n. = trick, dolus,
doe, n, daimfemiWi
dof
670
dra
doff, v.tr. (.mere.
dog, I. n. cams; a young — , cattdus; of a
— , cuninus; to go to the. — s, pessum ire, cor-
rumpi ; ro to the — s ! ud malum crucem. II.
v.tr. iadagarc, investigure. dogged, adj. 1,
(= sullen), morosus, aetrlus ; 2, (= determined),
eoiuhms, perseverans. Adv. morose, accrbe, con-
stanter, perseveranter. doggedness, n. morot-
itus ; perseveraiitia.
doggerel, n. versus inculti.
dogma, n. dogma, placitum, scitum, praceep-
tv.m, institutum, sententia, judicium; it is a —
nf the Stoica that all sins are alike, placet istoicis
omnia peccata esse paria, dogmatical, adj.
1, theol. t.t. * dogmattms ; 2, = assertive, (con)-
/ideas. Adv. * dogmatics, (coiiyidcutef.
doings, n. see Action.
dole, I. n. slips, see Alms. II. v.tr. dentc-
tiri, dividere, distribute, doleful, adj. tristis,
maestus. Adv. maesle. dolefulness, n. trie-
titiv, maeror.
doll, n: pupa (Pers.).
dollar, n. * thalerus.
dolphin, u. delphinus.
dolt, n. stipes, -Uis, ui., caudcx (codex),
homo rustiats, hero, doltish, adj. rusticus,
stultus; — conduct, rusticitas. Adv. rustics,
sttrftc.
domain, n. ugtr publicus, possessio.
dome, n. tholus ( = cupola).
domestic, I. adj. 1, domestical, familiar is,
privates: 2, opp. to foreign, intcstinus, domesti-
cus. II. n. senna, minister, serva, ministra.
domesticate, v.tr. see Tame.
dominion, n. 1, potcstus ( = civil authority),
jus, juris, li. ( = legal authority), imperilling =
supreme power), dicio, principatus, -us, regnum,
doiui natio, dominutus, -us ( = lordship), ty-
raiinis, -idis, f. (ruparciy, = usurped dominion
in a free state); 2.— realm, regnum. do-
minate, v.tr. dominari ; — over, in alqos.
dominant, adj. summits, maximus, prae-
cipuus( = ehief). domination, n. dominatio ;
see Dominion, domineering, adj. imperio-
sns, saperbus. domineer, v.intr. ex arbitrio
imperare.
i donation, n. donum; see Gikt.
doom, I. n. 1, = fate, fatum, sors; 2, —
judgment, judicis sententia, judicium. II. v.tr.
damnare ; see Condemn, Destine, dooms-
day, n. extremum judicium.
dcor, n. ostium, janua, fores, -um, f., vulvae
(=z folding-doors), limen (= threshold) ; to bolt
the — , ostio pcssulum obdere; to open a — to
wickedness, patefaccre aid j'enestram ad nequi-
tiam. doorpost, n. x>ostis, in. doorkeeper,
u. janitor, junitrix, f.
dormant, adj. mortuus ; to he —,jac3re.
dormitory, n. cubiculum.
dormouse, n. glis, gliris, m.
dose, I. n. potio; to take a—, medicamentum
sumere or accipere, II. v.tr. alci medicamentum
dare.
dot, I. n. jjundum. II. v.tr. pungere.
dote, v.intr. dclirare ; — on, perdite amare-
dotage, n. senectus, -iitis, f. dotard, u.
senex, fixing sense by context (e.g. stultus).
double, I. adj. 1, duplex (= twofold), du-
plies (in gen.), geminus, geminatus ( = twins,
double in nature), bipartitus ( = having two
parts), anceps ( z= two-headed, doubtful); 2,
see 'J'ueacuerols. II. v.tr. 1, duplicate; 2,
= sail round; atyd flectire, circumvehi ; 3,=
turn, se fledere. Adv. bis, duplieUer, pet*
fide, perfidiosc. double-dyed, adj. 1, lit. bit
tinetus ; 2, tig. use superl. (e.g a — villain,
homo sccleratissimus). double faced, adj.
see Deceitful, double mind, n. umbigituM
ingeuium. doublesense,n.am'u<7!u<(W/ of — ,
anceps, ambiguus, dltbius. double tongUcd,
adj. bitinguis (lit. and lig.). doublet, h.
tunica.
do\\bt,l.n. dubiUitio(quin,ne, num,quidnam),
scrupulous, dijlicultas, dubium, (usu. aftera prep.,
e.g. in dubium vocare) ; without — ,sine dubio,
hand dubie, certe, non, dubito quia (with subj.) ;
to be in — , dubium esse, dubitare. II. v.intr.
dubitarc, dubium esse, in dubio esse (to be doubt-
ful), aiiimo or aniiiti pendere; I — whether,
dubito niim ; I — not that, noil dubito quin.
doubtful, adj. 1, = doubting, dubius, in-
certus ; 2, — open to doubt, anceps, ambiguus,
dubius, inccrtus. Adv. dubie, dubitanter, am-
bigue. doubtless, adj. sine dubio.
dough, n. farina.
doughty, adj. fortis.
dove, n. columba, f. columbus, in. palumbes,
-is, in. and f. dove-cot, n. columbarium,
turris. dovetail, I. n. sccuricula, subscus,
-udis, f. II. v.tr. securiculd compingere.
dower, n. dos, dolis, f. dower less, adj.
indotutus.
down, I. prep, tfe, with abl. ; — the stream,
seeundo flumine. II. n. = grassy hill, campus
paul'iyi cditus. downcast, adj. tristis, maes-
tus. downfall, n. (oc)eusus, -us, inleritus,
-its, e.iitium, ruina. downpour, n. iiaber,
-bris, in. downright, I. adj. 1, = altogether,
totus, or summus (e.g. lie is a — cheat, tot us e
fraude faetus est ; it is — folly, summae stul-
titiae est); 2, = straightforward, simplex. II,
adv. plane, prorsus, omnino, simpliciter. down-
wards, adv. desuper ( = from above), dear-
sum; in compounds by de : to go — , deseenderc ;
to bring — , deferre, deduccre.
down, n. — plumage, plumae ; on a plant,
the chin, etc., lanugo, downy, adj. plumeus,
plumosus.
doze, v.intr. semisommtm esse ; dozing, semi,
somuus.
dozen, daodecim.
drab, adj. ravus; see Brown.
drag, I. v.tr. traherc, ducire, vehere ; — out,
educere; see Draw and Protract. II, n.
svffiamen.
dragon, n. draco, serpens ; unguis (the
constellation).
dragoon, I. n. eques, -itis, m. IT. v.tr.
dominuri.
drain, I. n. fossa, incite, cloaca, colliciac(ail-
liquiae, in fields, on roofs, etc.). II. v.tr.
siccare.
drake, n. unas mas; see Duck.
dram, n. 1, = a weight, drachma; 2, = —
of liquor, Itaustus, -its.
drama, n. fabula, drama, -alls, n. (late).
dramatic, adj. scaenicus ; tho — art, an
ecaenka. dramatize, v.tr. ad scaenam com-
ponire (Quint.).
draper, n. qui jxinnos vendit. drapery,
n. 1 (as a business), pannorum mercutura ;
2 (as hangings), tupcte ; 3, — clothes, restitus,
■iis.
draught, n. 1, = a drink, haustus, -us; 2,
of air, spiritus, -us.
draw, I. v.tr. traherc; — a sword, gludium
e vagina educere (opp. in vuginam mondcre),
dra
630
dry
glad turn strin-gere ; with swonl — n, gladio
stricto; — a carriage, cumun vehcre, duccre ;
— out, ft)S altjo loco educire, ab or cr atqo loco
ducire (persona, troops) ; — water, ex puteo
aquam trahere ; — wine, etc., ex dolio promcre,
defundcre; — a line, duccre lineam ; = to por-
tray, delineare, designnre, descriMre (always
with an object, e.g. delineare imagines), (de)pin-
girt; = to excite, mo cere (e.g. risum, laughter,
etc.); — a conclusion, alqd concludcre; — a
bill, syngrapham conscribere ; — a lot, sortein
ducire ; * — curtains, relis alqd obtendere ; —
asiile, alqm scvocare ; — down, 1, deductre, eli-
c"re ; 2, = Incur ; — on, = entice, pelliccre ; —
over, in sentcntiam perduccre ; — tight, a(d)strin-
girts; — up, scribere. II. v.intr. — on or near,
accedere = Approach ; — back, recede™, se
recipcre. draw -bridge, n. use pons, m. draw-
er, n. 1 (of water), aquarius ; 2, — chest of
drawers, armarium ; 3, = sketcher. pictor.
drawing, n. pictura, imago, drawing-
room, n. atrium.
drawl, v.intr. in dicendo lentum esse.
dray, n. carrut, -iis, carrum, vehiculum,
plaustrum.
dread, n. see Fear.
dream, I. n. somnium, species per somnum
oblata or in quiete visa, visus, -us, nocturnus ;
in a — , per somnum; someone appeared to me
in a — , imago alcjs in somnio mini venit. II.
v.intr. somniare, dormitare ( = to sleep away
time); — of, vidire alqd in somnis or per somnum,
or per quietem. dreamy, adj. somiiKulosus.
dreary, adj. tristis, miser, miserabilis, luclu-
osus, maestus. Adv. miserc, miserabiliter, macule.
dreariness, n. trislitia, maestitia.
dregs, i). 1, fiux ; 2, fig. the — of the popu-
lation, faex populi, sordes, -is, et fact iirbis, inflma
plebs; the — of the state, scntina reipublicac.
drench, v.tr. 1,= to give to drink, aid
polum praebire ; 2, = to cover with water, irri-
gare, madefacere,
dress, I. n. vestis, vestitus, -fls, culius, -$■$,
ornatus, -its, comb, vestis atque ornatus; to adopt
the — of the Romans, Romano habitn uti. II.
v.tr. 1, vtsHre, veste tegere, veste induire alqm, ves-
tern induere alci, veste alqm amicire ; 2, = prepare
food, (com)parare. III. v.intr. vestiri, amiciri
alqti re. dressed, adj. indutus ; — in black,
sordidalus ; — white, albatus. dressing-
gown, n. vestis. dressing-room, u. cubi-
culum. dressing-table, n. vunsa.
dresser, n. 1, = table, mensa ; 2, = —of
wool, lanarius; of plants, etc., cul tor, dress-
ing, n. med. t.t. /omentum, cataplasma (I'lin.) ;
(= the whole treatment) a: ratio.
drift, I. v.intr. (dc)firri, ifluitare. II. n.
= tendency or aim, consilium, ratio, proposition,
ad quod spectat mens or animus ; what is the — '!
quo spectat oratio > what is your — ? quid vis ?
drill, I. v.tr. 1, = to bore, perforarr, terebrare;
2, = to exercise, cxercere (e.g. mililes), milites
nmni disciplind militari crudin: II. n. 1, tere-
bra ; 2, exercitatio.
drink, I. n. 1. = a drinking, potio; 2,= a
draught, potio, potus, -»,■;. II. v.tr. bibert, in-
tare, ftaiirire (=drink ui>), sorbcre( =suck in); —
too much, vino se obrvere ; — in, bibere ; — to, alci
alqd or salvtem propinare. drinker, n. potor,
yofaror( = habitual — ),combibo, compdtor( = s. cup-
companion). drinking, n, potio; in the act of
— , inter bibendum; to be addicted to — , vinoin-
dulgere, deditum esse. drinking-bout, n.
comissatio.
drip, v.intr, stillare,
drive, I. v.tr. ag&re, pellcre(= —by force); to
— forward, propellcre (e.g. navem) ; — from, abi-
gen ab or ex alqa re, exigence) re (e.g. domo, e civi-
late, hostem e campo), (ex)peltere alqm (th) re (tlomo,
ex urbe, a pat rid), depellcrealqm re or de re (urbe,
ex urbe, de provincid), e(fficere alqm (de) re
(defitndo), exturbarc ex re ; — hither and thither,
agitare (fluctibus agitari); necessity— a, nccessi-
fas wrget or cogit alqm ut alqd/aciat ; — too far,
modum excedere in re. II. v.intr. 1, (in) cxirru
vehi ; 2, — at, alqd vctcrc ; 3, of the- rain, in
alqm ferri. III. n. 1, gestatio ; to take a — ,
curru vehi; 2, = the approach to a house,
aditus, -its. driver, n. = of a carriage, rat-
darius, auriga; of animals, agitator; a donkey
— , asinarius.
drivel, I. v.intr. 1, lit. salivare, salivam
fitters pati ; 2, fig. ineptire, nvgari. II. n. 1,
saliva; 2, nugae, ineptiae.
drizzle, v.intr. leniter plulre; it— s, rorat.
droll, ndj. lepidus, joeularis, ridiculus.
Adv. lepide, ridicule. drollery, 11. lepor
(/e;x)s), Indus, jocus, nugae, tricac, ineptiae.
dromedary, n. (camelus) dramas, -Mis, in.
drone, n. fucun. droning, n. bombus.
droop, I. v.tr. demiltere, + incliuarc. II.
v.intr. 1, lit. demitti ; 2, = fade, languere, Ian-
guesccre, jlaccescere ; 3, = fail, animo concidire,
affligi. ■
drop, I. n. gutta, stilla; not a — , lie mini-
mum quidem. II. v.intr. 1, lippire (= —
from the eyes), (dc)stillare de re ; — with, stillare
re (o.g. sanguine), madefactum esse re. ; 2, see
Fall. III. v.tr. 1, = let fall, alqd de(j)iclre,
(mauu) emittere, demittcre ; 2, = cease, alqd
omittcre, dimittcre.
dropsy, n. aqua intercus, -Tttis, hydrops.
dropsical, adj. hydropicm.
dross, n. 1, = slag, scoria ; 2, = rust, ro-
bigo, aerugo ( = — of copper), fcrrugo ( — — of
iron); 3, flg./aex, sentina.
drought, n. caelum siccum,siccitas,siccitates,
-um.
drove, n. grex, omenta, -orum. drover,
n. 2 l ecuarius, armentarius, bubulcus.
drown, v.tr. 1, (de)mergere in aquam, sum.
merghe (esp. in pass. part, summcrsus), aqud
suffocare; tig. se in alqd ingurgitate; 2,— over-
spread, inundare ; 3, fig. by special verbs (e.g.
— the memory of, oblivisci = forget).
drowsy, adj. dormitans, soynni plenus, som-
no gravis, oscituns (= yawning). Adv., by adj.
<1r6wsiness, u. somno affectum esse
drudge, I. U. serws, rerun, in. and f. II.
v.intr. servire. drudgery, d. officinm servile.
drug, I. n. medicamentudi ; poisonous — ,
venenum. II. v.tr. 1, = administer drugs, alci
medicamentvM pracbere, dare ; 2, put a —
into, meiiicamentum alci rei addrre, (cum) alqd
re miscire. druggist, n. uiedicamentarius
(riin.).
drum, n. tympanum ; to beat the — , tym.
pauum. pulsate.
drunk, adj. ebrius, bene potus, temulentus,
vino gravis, crapttlae plenus. drunkenness,
n. cbriositas, vinolentia, ebrietas. drunkard,
n. ehriosus, vinolentus.
dry, I. adj. 1, siccus, aridus ( = withered),
sitiens (= thirsty), t siticnlosus,(ex)siccatus, torri-
dus; 2, tig. exilis, ftighlus, jejunus, aridus.
Adv. sicce, jejune, exiliter. fngide. II. v.tr.
(ex)siccare, are/actrc, torrefacire ; — tears, tibster.
gcre lacrimas. III. v.intr. siccari, siccescere
(ex)arescere. dryness, n. 1, siccitas, ariditasi
3, jejnnitas, exilitae. dry-nurse, n asso,.
\
dua
68).
ear
dual, adj. gram. t.t. dvaLia numtrvs.
dubious, see Doubtful.
duck, I. n. anas, -atis, f. ; as term of
endearment, deliciae, corculum ; to play — sand
drakes with, alqd j>essum dare. II. v.tr. 1,
under water, alqd (sub)mergere, demergers- in
aquam ; 2, the head, caput demittere. III.
v.intr. 1, se (sub)merglre, (sub)meryi; 2, caput
demittere. ducking, n. to get a — , madidum
esse, madefieri.
ductile, adj. 1, ductilis (Plin.), fiexibilis; 2,
tig. obsequen-s, facilis. ductility, n. 1, by adj.;
2, hab'.litas, faoilitas.
dudgeon, n. ira; in — , iratus.
due, I. adj. 1, =o\ved, debitus; to be — ,
deberi; to pay money before it is — , pecuniam
repraesentare ; 2, = fit, ad alqm idoneus, con-
aniens, alqo dignus, aid debitus. II. n. 1, de-
bit urn ; 2, = tax, vectigal ; harbour — , portoriuvi.
duel, n. certamen.
duet, n. versus altn
duke, n. * dux.
dulcimer, n. sambuca.
dull, I. v.tr. 1, = blunt, hebelare ; obscur-
are (anything bright) ; 2, = astound, (ob)stupe-
facire, obtundcre. II. adj. 1, lit. hebes ; 2, Ilg.
obtv.sus, (ob)$tupifactus, lubes ; 3, = sluggish,
stupid, tardus, iners, frigidus ; 4, = uninter-
esting, aridits, jc.junus. Adv. tarde, fiigide;
jejune, aride. dulness, n. 1, = — of mind,
ootusior animi acies or vigor, mens tarda, imbe-
cillitas ingenii, ingenium licbes, ingenii tarditas,
stupor; 2, = sluggishness, inertia, segnitia ; 3,
of colour ; see Paleness.
dumb, adj. mutus, elinguis (lit and fig.); to
liecome — , obmutescere (lit. and fig.) ; to be — ,
i.e. silent, taclre. dumbfounder, v.tr. oli-
ttupefacere. dumbness, n. use adj. or verb
(e.g. — seizes me, obmutesco).
dun, I. adj. fuscus, subfusc-us. II. v.tr. alqm
alqd flagitare, alqd ab_ alqo exposdre. III. n.
/(agitator.
dunce, n. stijws, -Itis, m., truncus.
dung, n. stercus, -oris, n.,fimiis. dunghill,
n. sterquilinium, jlmetum (Plin.).
dung. . ., n. career, -eris, m.
dupe, I. n. homo credulus, fatuus, ludibrium.
II. v.tr. alqm ludibrio habere; see Deceive.
duplicate, n. alqd eodem exemplo.
duplicity, n. ambiguitas, /raits; see Deceit.
durable, adj. 1, flrmus, solidiis, duraturus,
stabilis ; 2, of time, diuturnus, longinquus,
perpetuus. Adv. Jirme, solide, stabiliter, per-
petuo. durability, n. 1, firmitas, stabilitas,
perennilas ; 2, diuturnitas, longiin{uitus, perpe-
tuitas. duration, n. tempo r is spatium ; long — ,
diuturnitas ; short — ,brevitas. during, prep.
per with accus. = throughout, in with aid. =
time within which, inter with accus. (e.g.
infer cenam = — dinner, or inter cenandum),
abl. abs. (e.g. — the reign of Augustus, Augusta
imperatore), dum with pies, indie, cum with
indie, in primary, subj. in secondary tenses.
dusk, n. erepusculum ; at — , prima vespere,
jam obscurd luce ; it grows — , advesperascit.
dusky, adj. fuscus ; see Dark.
dust, I. n. pulvis, -cris, m. ; to raise the — ,
pulverem movers or excitare ; to lay the — , p.
sedare ; to throw — in the eyes, verba alci dare.
II. v.tr. alqd abstergere, detergere. duster,
n. penicilium (or -us). dustman, n. qui
purgamenta tollit. dusty, adj. puhendentus,
pulveris plenus.
duty, n. 1, officium, debitum, pietas, religio,
9.9. *
munus, -eris, n., partes, -iHmj it is the — of,
est alcjs ; it is my — , mevm est; a sense of — ,
pietas erga alqm or alqd, religio ; 2, = tax,
vectigal. dutiful, duteous, adj. pins erga
alqm, alci obocdiens, dicto avdiens. Adv. pie,
oboedienter. dutifulness, n. pietas erga alqm,
oboeilientia.
dwarf, n. nanus (J uv.), pumilio. dwarfish,
adj. pusillus.
dwell, v.intr. 1, habitare in loco, (in)oolere
locum, domiailium habere in loco ; 2, iig. — Upon,
alqd longius prosequi, dwelling, n. domici-
Hum, sides, -is, f., Itabitatio, aedes, -is, f.
dwindle, v.intr. (con)tabe»oere, (de)minui,
extenuari, t rarescere.
dye, I. v.tr. alqd re tingere ; alqd re inflcere,
imbuere, colorare, induccre colorem alci rex;
— with blood, cruentare, sariguine inficere;
— oneself with something, se inficere alqd re
(e.g. with woad, vitro). II. n. color or verb;
the blossom of the pomegranate is a — , flos
Punici mail tingendis vestibus idoneus. dyer,
n. injector.
dynasty, n. domus regnatrix, imperium,
regnum.
dyspepsia, n. cruditas. dyspeptic, adj.
crudus.
E.
each, I. adj. singuli, omnis, quisque only
after its noun, uterque (of two) ; on — side,
utrimque; — other, alii alios, or inter se. II.
pron. quisque after noun, unusquisque, Uterque
(of two), by distributive adjs. (e.g. unicuique
bina jugera, = two acres each) ; see Every.
eager, adj. 1, for anything, alcjs rei cupidus,
avidus, studiosus ; 2, = keen, acer, ardens, fer-
vidus. Adv. cupide, avide, studiosc., ucriter, fer-
vide, eagerness, n. 1, cupiditas, cupido,
ainditas, stadium, appetentia ; 2, ardor, impetus,
■us, fervor, concitatio, aestus, -us.
eagle, n. aquila; — eyed, cut oculus acer.
ear, n. 1, part of the body, auris ; attentive
— 8, aui-es applicatae ; to box a person's — s, cola-
phum (with the tist), alapam (with the palin)
alci ducere or impingere; to pull the — s, aures
vellere ; to be over head and — s in debt, aere
alieno demersum esse; 2, of corn, spica, arista.
earring, n. aurium insigne, inaures, -ium, f.
earl, n. * comes.
early, I. adj. 1, wituruuis(=ln the morning),
maturus ; 2, of plants, etc., too — , immaturus,
j praecox, praematurus ; from — youth, (jam inde)
a puero, ab initio aetatis. II, Adv. mane,
primd luce, sub lucem, mature.
earn, v.tr. 1, merere and meriri ; — much
money, grandem pecuniam quacrirc ; — by
labour, manu; — your subsistence, alqd re pe-
cuniam sibi facire or colligere, quacstum facet e;
2, Ilg. (pro)merere, (pro)meiiri. earnings, n.
quaestus, -iis, lucrum ( = gain); to iimke — by
bad means, turpi quaestu victvm parare or
qitaercre.
earnest, adj. gravis, smw (usu. of things);
to take in — , rem in scrium vertere. Adv. serio,
ex animo, graviter. earnestness, n. 1, = zeal,
stadium, contentio, diligentia; 2, = seriousness,
gravitas, scveritas, diligentia.
earth, I. n. 1, =soil, terra, solum ; 2, = the
globe, terra, orbis terrarum, tellus, -urt's, f.
(mostly poet.). II. v.tr. = — up, terram aggc-
rare. earth-born, adj. t terrigena, terrae
eas
682
egr
filius. earthen, adj. terrenns. earthen-
ware, l). jlctilia, -ium. earthly, adj. terres-
tris; — life, haec vita; — goods res external'.;
— happiness, volnptas (humana); — minded,
a relms tlivinis alienus. earthquake, n.
terrae motus, -lis. earthwork, n. agger,
■eris, m. earth-worm, n. vermis, m.
ease, I. n. 1, tranquil! itas, qriies, -His, (..otium
( := lei sure), vita ctioea, pax; to be at — ,quiescere ;
to tnke your — , requiesccre, quieti se dare ; at — ,
tranqulUo ammo ; 2, = readiness, facilitas. II.
v.tr. exonerare, loxare, (al)lerare, sublevare, ex-
pedire. easiness, n. facilitas, esp. of temper,
for which also indulgentia ; — of belief, ere-
dulitas. easy, adj. 1, ad alqd faciendum or
factu, facilis, nullius negotii, expedites; 2,
= affluent, dives ; — circumstances, res se-
cundae; 3, = tranquil, tranouillus, quietus,
placidus; 4, of temper, facilis, indulgens; 5, of
manners, simplex, comis. Adv. in gen. facile,
nullo negotio; = tranquilly, Iranquille, quiete,
placide ; of temper, facile, indulgenter; of man-
ners, simpliciter, comiter.
east, li. oriens, renio orientis (as a district of
the heavens), orientis snlis partes, -rum (= the
East), eastward, eastern, easterly, adj.
ad orientem rergens, in orientem speclans ; (as
adverbs) ad orientem versus, ad or in orientem,
ad regionem orientis; — nations, Asiatici; —
land, orientis terrae, or regiones.
eat, I. v.tr. = to take food, edere, mandu-
aire ( = to chew), comedere ( = to eat up),
resci alqd re ( = to eat np as nutriment),
vorare ( = to swallow, particularly to swallow
□nmasticated), gustare (= to taste); to —
anyone out of house and home, abjm snmp-
tVms perdere ; to — away, (e)rodere. II. v.intr.
to — well = taste, jucunde sapere. eatable,
adj. escukntus. eatables, n. eibrts ( = food),
cibi ( = meats, that is, several kinds of food),
esca (= prepared food); victus, -vs (= living,
victuals), eating-house, n. popina.
eaves, n. mggnmtia. eaves-dropper,
n. qui ■ : , ubauscultat.
ebb, I. n. aestus decessus, -Cis, or receSSUS, -its ;
at — ,ininuenteaestu ; — and flood, aestusmaritimi
aceedentes et recedentes. II. v.intr. recedere;
— and flow, affluire et rcmeare.
ebony, n. (h)elenus, f. (orebenum).
ebriety, n. tbrietas, temulentia; see Drunk.
ebullition, n. 1, lit. use effcrvescire; 2,
fig. aestus, -us ; — of anger, ira effervescit.
eccentric, adj. inauditus, inusitatue,
novus, mirus, insolens. eccentricity, n.
quod mirum eM, etc.
ecclesiastical, adj. * ecclcsiasticus.
echo, I. n. i»i«^o vocis ; to give an — , roci
respondcre, rocem reddcre, remittcre ; a place
which — es, locus clamoribus reperevssus. II.
v.intr. and tr. see "give an echo" above.
eclat, n. laus, splendor, ostentatio.
eclipse, I. li. obscuratio, defeclus (solist
etc.). II. v.tr. 1, obscurare ; to be eclipsed,
obscurari, dcficlre; 2, fig. alqm superare; see
Excel.
eclogue, n. tdoga (late).
economy, n. 1, = house-management, rei
farniliaris administrate, diligentia ; political — ,
/ I puhlicae administrate ; 2,= frugality, par-
simonia ; from — , rei farniliaris tuendae studio.
economical, adj. attenius ad rem, frwgi,
diligent, parens. Adv. diligenter, parte.
economist, n. 1, qui rem mam bene adminis-
tral ; 2, = political — , qui rei imblicae apes
investigat.
ecstasy, n. 1, = elevation and abstraction of
mind, seccssus, -us, mentis etanimi a corpore, ani-
mus abstract-as a corpore, wens sevocata a corpore ;
furor; 2, = groat delight, snmma volnptas.
ecstatic, adj. mente incited us, fanat kits, fu reus.
Adv. per furore m.
eddy, n. vertex, vorago(= whirlpool).
edge, n. 1, = a sharp line,, acies, labrum
(of a cup, etc.) ; 2, = margin, margo, m. and f.,
ora, crepido (of quays, etc.) ; 3, = — of a dress,
\lvnibus, clavus, fimbriae, t instita.
edible, adj. esculentus.
edict, n. edictum, decretiim, considtumjussum.
edify, v.tr. 1, lit. aedificare; 2, fig. docire,
monere. edifying, adj. ad bonos mores docen-
dos aptns, idoneus ; see Excellent.
edit, v.tr. librum edere. editor, n. editor.
edition, n. editio.
educate, v.tr. alere (= to support), insti-
tuere, ervdire, doeere (= teach), eriucare (= bring
up); to be well educated, bene doctum et ednca-
tum esse, institutum esse, education, n. cdu-
catio, disciplina, doctrina, eruditio ; a man of
good — , homo(e)doctus, eruditus, Itomo bene, doctlts
et educatus ; without — , (politioris) Immanitatis
carpers, educator, n. educator (= one who
brings up), magister, magistra, praeceptor, prae-
ccptrix. educational, adj. «</ diseiplinam,
etc., pertinens.
educe, v.tr. protrahere, productive, edwxre.
eel, n. anguilla.
efface, v.tr. dele re, (e)radere.
effect, I. n. 1, = consequence, effectus, -us,
eventus, -fis, consecutio; 2, = influence, vis,
effectus, -its, vis et effectus; to have great — ,
multuni(apud alqm) rale re ; without — ,frustra,
nequi(cyptam; 3, = purpose, to this — , his verbis,
hoc consitio; 4, in — , re (verfi), reayse ; 5,
— s, res, rerum, f., bona, -orum. II. v.tr.
cjjiccre, facere, conjicere, perficcre. effective,
effectual, adj. alcjs rei efficiens, valens,
efficax, or by verb qui, etc., efficit. Adv. efflcien-
tcr, prospers, efficacy, n. cfjieicntia.
effeminate, adj. mollis, effeminatus, delica.-
tus, f semivir, muliebris. Adv. mattiter, effemi-
nate, muliebriter. effeminacy, n. mollitia,
mollities, vita deUcata.
effervesce, v.intr. fervlrc, effervesce re.
effete, adj. effetus, obsoletus.
effigy, n. effigies, imago, simulacrum.
efflux, n. effluvium, profluvium.
effort, n. opera, labor, studium, contentlo,
conatus, -us; to make an — , operam dare,
(e)niti.
effrontery, n. impudentia, os, oris, n. (1'm-
pudens).
effulgence, n. splendor, fulgor.
egg, n. ovum; a fresh—, ovum recens; to lay
— s, ova parere, edere, gignire ; yoke of — , vitel-
lus ; white of — , album or albumen ovi (Cels. &
Plin.); teach your grandmother to suck — , BUS
Minervam, ut aiunt (i.e. docet). egg-shell, n.
ovi putamen (Plin.).
egoism, n. sui ostentatio, jactatio (= dis-
play) ; SUi amor (= love of sell), egoist, n.
qui sibi soli studet. egoistical, adj. use n.
egregious, adj. maximus, summus, minis,
singularis. Adv. maxime, summe, mirum in
modum.
egress, n. 1, = going out, egressus, -us,
exitus, -ils; 2, = place through which you go
out, exitus, egressus, effugium: 3, —-mouth of
a river, 09, oris, n., ostium.
eid
6S3
emb
eider-down, n. plumae (anatum) mollissi-
viae.
eight, adj. octo ; octoni, -ae, -a (= eight each).
eighteen, adj. duodeviginti. eighteenth,
adj. duodecicesimus, octavus decimus. eighty,
adj. octoginta, octogeni (distrib.). eightieth,
adj. octogesimus.- ■ ■
either, I. pron. altentter (move rarely liter),
utervis, uterlibet; not—, MiOsr (fem. and neut.
of all, -TO, -rum). II. conj. either ... or, aut ...
aut, vel ... vel, sive (seu) ... sive (seu), not either
... nor, neque {nee) ... neque (nee).
ejaculate, v.tr. voces interruptas(et incond-
itas) mittere or cdire. ejaculation, n. voces
interruptue.
eject, v.tr. e(f)iccre, emittire, extrudtre.
ejection, n. expiusio, but more usu. by verb;
legal t.t. dejeclio.
eke, v.tr. to — out, alci rci parcire.
elaborate, I. v.tr. conficire, perficere, as-
polire. II, adj. elaboratus, expolitus, exquisitus,
accuratus. Adv. exquisite, accurate, elabora-
tion, n. use the verb.
elapse, v.intr. transire, praeterire, peragi.
elastic, adj. 1, lit. qui (quae, quod) product
potest ; 2, lig. see Hopeful.
elated, adj. alqd re elatus; to be — , efferri.
elation, n. gaudinm ( = joy), arrogawtia,
superbia ( = pride).
elbow, n. cubitum.
elder, I. adj. (natu) major, superior, prior.
XL n. eccl. t.t. * 'presbyter, elderly, adj. aetate
provectus.
elect, I. v.tr. create, capbre, legcre, eligere,
comb, eligere et create, deligere, cooptare (as a
colleague), designare, declarare ; — into a
premature vacancy, sM/fteere. II. adj. rfesu/ua-
tus, suffectus ( = to an unexpected vacancy).
election, n. 1, act of choice, electlo, suffra-
<jia, -oruni ( = the votes) ; 2, a popular — ,
comitia, -arum; to hold an — ,comit La habere ; clay
of — , dies comitialis ; day of your—, tuacomitia.
electioneering, adj. candidatorkts. elec-
tive, adj. suffragiis cxeatus. elector, n. qui
jus suffragii habet, suffragator ( q? partisan).
elegant, adj. elegans, venustus, bellus ( =
graceful), lautus, nilidus, complies, mundus
( - neat), urbanus ( = rellned). Adv. eleganter,
i-eiuiste, belle, iiitide, urbane, elegance, n.,
elcgantia, urbanitas, venustas, mundilia.
elegy, n. elegia, clegi. elegiac, adj. elegi-
ac us (late).
element, n. 1, = original material, dementum,
natura ; the — s, principia rerun e quibus omnia
constant, primordia remm ; the four— *,quat(t)lior
clementa, initio rcrum; 2, = a part, membrum ;
3 = the rudiments of knowledge, elementa,-orv,m,
rudimenta, -orum; 4, fig. to bo in one's—, alqdre
famUiariter vti ; to be out of one's — , in alqd re
peregrinum ac hospitem esse, elementary,
adj. primus (e.g. — knowledge, prima lit(t\erarum
studio); — school, schola in qua lit(t)craru)ii
elementa traduntur.
elephant, n. elephant us (tie phas).
elevate, v.tr. 1, = raise, (at)tol!ere, extollere,
(al)lemre; 2, lig. tollere, evehcre; to be raised,
efferri. elevated, adj. 1, of places, editus,
altus, (ex)celsus, praecclsus ; 2, tig. (ex)celsus.
elevation, n. — a raising, clatio, but usu. by
verb; fig. elatio, magniludo ; — of character,
magnanimitas ; = — of the voice, vocis contcntio ;
= a rising ground, locus editus or superior.
eleven, adj. undecim; — each, uiuUni; —
times, uiukcie(n)s. eleventh, ad;, undecimus.
elf, n. see Fair v.
elicit, v.tr. elicere, eblandiri (by coaxing),
extorqucre (by force), evocare (to call or bring
forth) ; to — tears, lacrimus movere alci.
eligible, adj. opportunus, idoneus ad alqd,
digitus alqd re, or qui with subj. Adv. owor-
tune, bene, eligibility, n. opportunitas (e.g.
loci); =± — to office, digrius'qui eligatur.
elixir, n. * elixir(ium). '
elk, n. alces, -is, f.
ell, n. uVna( = a cloth measure), cubitum.
elm,'ulmus, f. ; of an — , idmcus.
elocution, n. (e)locutio ( = selection of
words), pronuntiatio ( — delivery) ; as an art,
elocutoria, elocutrix (Quint.).
elongate, v.tr. see Lengthen.
elope, v.intr. cum alqo or alqd (pro)fugcre,
ejjugere. elopement, n. fuga.
eloquence, n. facirftas or via or copia dU
cendi, facundia, eloqucnlia. eloquent, adj.
facundus, eloquens, copiosus, dicendi perilus, in.
dieendo cxercitatus, in dicendo suavis et ornatus.
Adv. copiose, ornate, facunde.
else, I. adj. alius. II. adv. 1, = besides,
praeterea, praeter (prep, with accus., e.g. nothing
—,praeter hoc nihil); see Except; 2, = other-
wise, fritter, alioqui(n), alio modo, alia ratio ne ;
it could not — happen, fieri non potuit quin;
— where, alibi.
elucidate, v.tr. seo Explain.
elude, v.intr. alci or de or (e) alcjs manibus
elabi, de alcjs manibus effvgire, alcjs manibus
evaders, alipn eludere, (r)vitare, (efifuglre, decli-
nare. elusive, adj. fallax. Adv. fallaeiter.
Elysium, n. Elysium, see Par.vdi.se. Ely-
sian, adj. Elysius (e.g. campi, domus).
emaciate, v.tr. attenuare, macerare, ener-
vare, exhaurirc. emaciated, adj. viaceratus,
maeer, enervates, enervatus et exsanguU, encctus,
ejjetus (= exhausted, of soils), emaciation,
n. macies.
emanate, v.intr. emanare. emanation,
n. by verb.
emancipate, v.tr. liberare re or a re; as
slaves, etc., manumittere, servitute liberare, serci-
tio eximcre, e servitute- in libertatem restituere or
vindicare. emancipation, u. liberatio ; =
— of slaves, nmnumissio. emancipator, n.
liberator.
embalm, v.tr. condire.
embank, v.tr. molem opponere fluctibus, flu-
men arcere, co'erccre. embankment, n. agger,
■iris, in., terra ad aggercm exstruendum congesta,
moles, -is, f.
embark, I. v.tr. imponire in navem or
naves. II. v.intr. 1, lit. conscendcre (navcm);
2, fig. — upon, consilium or rationem inire.
embarrass, v.tr. 1, = disturb, (<xm)turbare ;
2, = hinder, alqm impedire, alci obstare, obesse,
officerc. embarrassed, adj. Impeditvs; — cir-
cumstances, see Embarrassment, embarrass-
ing, adj. difficilis, drtbitts, anceps. embar-
rassment, n. implicutio, perturbatio ; = — of
mind, mens turbata ; = pecuniary — , rei fumi-
liaris implicutio, angustiae.
embassy, n. 1, = the office of an ambassador,
legatio, legatiouis munus, -eris, n. ; 2, — the
persons sent, legatio, legati, qui missisunt; see
Ambassador.
embattled, adj. instructus.
embellish, v.tr. (ad)ornare, exornare, alci
decori or ornamento esse, excolire. embellish-
ment, n. decus, -oris, n., ornamentum, iusigne.
emb
684
fine
embers, n. rim's, -Iris, m., fa villa.
embezzle, v.tr. avertere, intervcrtcre, inter-
rertere ad seque transferre, intercipere, supprim-
ere, retinere ac supprimere. embezzlemen .
n. peculatus, -us. embezzler, n. pecuniae aver-
sor, interceptor.
embitter, v.tr. exasperare, infest um facere,
exactrbare. embittered, adj. ird accensus,
irotus, infensus, infestus.
emblom, n. imago, signum, simulacrum, em-
blematio, adj. alqd significans, or referens.
embody, v.tr. 1, = to enroll troops, militee
conscribere ; 2, = to join one thing to another,
adjungere, ad'j)kire; inserere ( = to plant in,
e.g. alqm familiae) ; — in a society, in societatem
a(d)scribere,recipfre ; — the young soldiers with
the veterans, tirones im mi scire vetcribus militi-
bus; — a speech in a letter, epistulae oraiionem
Hvcludere. embodiment, n. imago, simula'
crum(= imago).
embolden, v.tr. alci animum adders, ahpn
accendere, confirmare.
emboss, v.tr. caelare {alqd «uro, argento,
also in auro). embossed, adj. caclatus ; arti-
ficer in — work, caelator.
embrace, I. v.tr. 1, amplecti, amplexari,
complecti ; 2, = contain, eonprehendere, com-
plect) ; 3, = seize, capere (e.g. occasionem), uti ;
4, = encircle, complecti ; 5, — an opinion, ad
okjs partes transire, sentential assentiri. II. u.
amplezus, -us, complexus, -us.
embrocation, n. fomentum.
embroider, v.tr. (acu) pingere, acu facere;
— with gold, auro alqd distinguere. embroid-
ery, n. ars acu pingendi; n piece of — , opus
acu j'ictum or factum, pictura acu facta.
embroil, v.tr. implkare alqm re, alqm con-
turhare.
embryo, n. partus, -us.
emendation, n. emendatio (et correctio).
emerald, n. smaragdus, m. and f. ; of — ,
smaragdinus.
emerge, v.intr. emergen, ex(s)istere. em-
ergency, n. casus, -«»•, discrimen.
emetic, n. romitorius, with n. (e.g. bulbus).
emigrant, n. patrid or domo profugus, pa-
triot extorris, advena, incola( = foreign resident).
emigrate, v.intr. (e)migrare, demigrare ex loco
in locum, transmigrare alqo (e.g. Veios), domo
emigrare, so'vm (exsilii caus(syt) vertere. emi-
gration, n. (e)mi(jratio.
eminent, adj. insignti, praestans, clarus,
nebilis, egregius, ej:eellens, praecellens, eximius,
singularis ( = sole of its kind), summits. Adv.
cgregie, eximie, snmme, praecipue, singulariter,
l>y superl. with ex omnibus or omnium, or posit,
witli prae ceteris (e. g. ex omnibus optimus, prae
ceteris bonus). eminence, II. 1, of place,
locu3 editus, clivus ( = a hill), tumulus ( = a
mound); 2, = moral — , praestantia, excellentia,
s'tmrna gloria; 3, — — of rank, ainpl issimus
gradus, -us.
emissary, n. emissarius, speculator.
emit, v.tr. (e)mittire, jacere. emission, n.
(r),nissio, jactus, -us.
emollient, n. vialagma, -fit is (Cels.).
emolument, n. emolnmentum, lucrum,quars-
tut, -6$, fructvs, -us.
emotion, n. animi motus, -us, commotio,
concitatio ; a strong — , animi pertnrlKitio ; to
be under — , perturbatum esse.
emperor, n. imperator, Caesar, Augustus,
princeps. empress, n. domina, Augusta,
uxor imperatoria.
emphasis, n. emphasis (Quint.), vis; with—,
cum vi ; to have — , vim habere, multumvalcrc; to
have more — , plus gravitatis or auctoritatis ha-
bere; without — ,jeiunus, frigidus. emphatic
adj. gravis, vehemens. Adv. graviter, vehementer.
empire, n. imperium, potestas, dicio, princt-
patus, -us, dominatio, dominaius, -iis, regnum
(= monarchical despotism), tyraniiis, -iiiis.'f. (=
power usurped in a free state).
empirical, adj. in nsu tantum et experimen-
ts positus (Cels.).
employ, v.tr. 1, = to engage in any work or
office, occupare, occupatum lenire, dethicre ; alqo
or alqd re uti; alqd usurpare, adhibire alqd or
alqm ad alqd, etc. ; 2, = to spend in, or on,
in alqm or alqd insumere, ad alqd conferre, in
or ad alqd impendere, in alqd or in alqd re
consumere, in alqd re collocare, alqd aid rei
tribuere. employment, n. 1, act of — ,
usus, -us, occujxttio, tractatio, pertractatio ; 2,
= business, res, negotium, studium, euro, em-
ployer, n. qui opieras conditcit.
emporium, n. emporUcm, forum renim ven-
alium.
empower, v.tr. alci alcjs rei faciendae
potestatem facere, alci mandare. ut, etc. ; to be
empowered by, manaata habere ab alqo, ah-js
nomine, alqo auctore facere alqd.
empty, I. adj. 1, inanis (opp. plenus or in-
structus), nudus (opp. (ex)omatus), vacuus; 2,
llg. inanis, vanus, omnis cruditionis erj.eri
(otqueignarus), omnium rerum niciw (the two last
inregard to learning and cultme); — words, verba
inania, races inayies, sermo inanis, sermo vanus.
II. v.tr. racuefacire, exinanire, exonerate ( =
— a cargo, etc.), exlianrire, exsiccare ; — itself
(of a river), se effundere, in marc (in)jlnire.
emptiness, n. 1, = empty space, inanitas,
inane vacuum, vacuitas; 2, llg. inanitas, vanitas.
empyrean, n. caelum, figneae. acres, \oe-
thcrea domus, iignifer aether.
emulate, v.tr. (con)certare, contendere cum
alqo, aemulari ulqm. emulation, n. studium,
certamen, cerlatio, aemulatio. emulator, n.
nfm«!us, m.,aemi<la, f. emulous, adj. aemulus.
Adv. ccrtatim.
enable, v.tr. facultatem alci alcjs rei facien-
dae dare.
enact, v.tr. 1, of a deliberative body, alqd
sancire, sciscere, jubere ; 2, in a wider sense,
jubcrc, accus. and infin. ; statuere, constituere,
infill, or ut. enactment, n. = law, sanctio,
lex, plehiscitum, senatusconsultum .
enamoured, adj. see Love.
encamp, v.intr. casira ponire.
enchant, v.tr. 1, (efyhscinare ( = — by
the evil eye), incaiitare ( = — by charms);
2, fig. capere, rapere, delinire, permukire.
enchantment, u. (ef)fascinatio, carmen.
encircle, v.tr. see Emci .ose.
enclose, v.tr. comludere, incXudere in re,
cingere, saepire, continire, circumdare alqd alci
rei, or alqd alqd re; to be enclose! by, alqd ri
cingi, circumdari, continiri. enclosure, n.
1, = act of — , inclusio ; 2, = enclosed place,
saeptum, locus saeptus, saejninentum, cohors.
encomium, n. laus, laudatio ; to pronounce
au — on, alqm laudare, dieire de alcjs laudlbus.
encompass, v.tr. see Enclose.
encore, v.tr. revocare. encore ! interj.
revocn.
encounter, I. n. congressio, coneursio, con-
currus, -us (as soldiers in fight). II. v.tr.
inter se concurrere, (inter se)congredi, signa inter
se conferre (of armies) ; — a person, concurrere
enc
685
enl
or congredi cum alqo (hostilely), incidcre in
alqm ( = to meet by chance), convenire, congredi
cum alqo ( = to meet by design).
encourage, v.tr. (ad)horlari, cohorlari ad
alqd or with ut, (con)firmare, excitare, impellere,
alqm stimidare, idci stimulos admovcre; — to
concord, concordiam siuulere. encourage
meut, n. = act of — , conjlrmatio, (ad)hortatio,
cohortatio, impulsus, -us, hortamcn(tum), incita-
mentum.
encroach, v.intr. alqdoccupare, inalqdinva-
dire; — on one's rights, alqd dejure alcjs demi-
nuere. encroachment, n. as an act, vis,
vioiatio ; as a result, injuria illata.
encumber, v.tr. igravare, oncrare, prac-
gravare, impedire; — with burdens, onera alci
imponere. encumbrance, u. onus, -eris, n.
( = load), impedimentam, inolestia.
end, I. n. 1, = termination, finis, m. and f.,
extremum, terminus (= boundary), exitus, -us,
modus (e.g. nullus modus caedibus fuit, there
was no — to the slaughter), clausula ( =
the conclusion of a period, of a letter, etc.),
caput (e.g. capita funis), extremus (e.g. in ex-
treimi orutione, in the — of the speech); at tho
— , in extremo(in space), ad extrcmum( = lastly),
denique ; to bring to an — , finem alci rei afferre,
alqd <ul finem adducere or perduccre, alqd absol-
vlre, alqd transigere, perficere, conficere, consum-
mare ; the war has come to an — , debellatumest;
2, = aim or object, finis, consilium, proposition.
II. v.intr. finem, exitum habere, evenire, exire,
ter.minari, finiri, t finire, desinire. III. v.tr.
alqd finire, termituire ; — a speech, finem J'acere
oration is or dicendi ; — life, vitam finire, vitam
deponcre, mortem sibi consciscere(— — by suicide);
— a strife, controversiam dirimere. ending, n.
finis, terminatio, exitus, -us. endless, adj. in-
Anitus, perpetuus, aeternus, sempiteruus. Adv.
infinite, perpetuo, perpetuum, endlessness,
n. quod finem non habet, perpeluitas,
endanger, v.tr. alqm in periculum, in dis-
cretion adducere or vocare, periclitari.
endear, v.tr. alqm alci, deviucire. endear-
ments, n. blanditiae.
endeavour, I. n. nisus, -us, contentio, opera,
conatus, -us, stadium; — after honours, honorum
contentio, ambitio, ambitus, -us; my — tends, id
ago, hoc specto ut, etc. II. v.intr. (e)nitt, con-
tendere, comb, cniti et contendere ut, etc., operam
dare ut, etc., sludere, conari (the two last with
intin.).
endorse, v.tr. 1, sgngrapham inscribere ;
2, fig. see Allow, Sanction, endorsement,
n. use verbs.
endow, v.tr. 1, — — a daughter, alci dotem
dare ; 2, in gen. alqm alqd re or alci alqd donare,
alqm re instruere, augcre, ornare. endowed,
adj. ornatus, jrraedi&us, instructus. endow-
ment, n. donatio, or any word = property, res,
etc. ; see Property.
endue, v.tr. see Endow.
endure, v.tr. ferre, sustincre, tolerare, pati,
perpeti, comb, ferre et perpeti, pati ae ferre,
perpeti ac pcrferre. endurance, n. toleratio,
tolerantia, perpessio, comb, perpessio et tolerantia.
endurable, adj. tolerabUis, tolerandus, pati-
bilis ; to make a thing — , lenire, mitigare, levare
(consuetudine levior fit labor), enduring, adj.
perpetuus, perennis.
enemy, n. hostis ( = public — ), inimicus( =
private — ); the — , hostis, sing, or pi.
energy, n, vis, vigor, virtus, -ntis, f., im-
petus, -us, contentio (e.g. foci's), energetic,
adj. acer, strenuus. impiger, vehemens. Adv.
aerikr, strenue, impigre, vehementer.
enervate, v.tr. encrvare, debilitare, (e)mol-
lire, frangere. enervation, n. debilitatio.
enfeeble, v.tr. see Enervate.
enforoe, v.tr. 1, = — an argument, con-
firmare ; 2, in gen. t>£»t alci rei dare or prae-
bcrc.
enfranchise, v.tr. 1, alci civitatem dare,
alqm in civitatem or civitati a(d)scribere, in
civitatem a(d)sciscere, accipire, recipere, civitate
donare; 2, = set free, manumittere. enfran-
chisement, n. 1, civitas, or civitatis donatio ;
2, = setting free, manumissio.
engage, v.tr. 1, = to fight with, confiigcre
cum alqo ; 2, = to bind, alqm obligare, obstrin-
glre ; 3, = to secure the services of, alqm mer-
ccde conducere; 4, = ask, alqm invitare, excitare
(e.g. ad saltamium) ; 5, — in conversation, alqm
appellare ( = address), sermonem cum alqo
incipere, instituere, conferre, se sermoni inter-
■misccre ; 6, = undertake, spondere, promittere,
recipere(acavB. and infin.); 7, — in, = euterupon,
alqd ingre.di, inire, obire, suscipere. engaged,
adj. 1, occupatus; 2, = — in marriage, sponsus,
pactus. engagement, 1, = battle, pugna,
proelium ; 2, = pledge, sponsio, stipulatio, pac-
tum, pactio, ennventus, -us( = agreement), promts-
sum ( = promise) ; to keep an — , fidem praestart,
sen-are ; = — in marriage, pactio nuptialis ; 3,
= appointment, constitutum, or by verb; 4, =
business, occupatio, iiegotium. engaging,
adj. suavis ; — manners, mores urbani. Adv.
suauiter.
engender, v.tr. 1, gignere, generare, (jiro)-
creare, comb, creare et gignire, gignere et procreare ;
2, tig- facire, creare; see Cause, Produce.
engine, n. machina, machinatio, tnachina-
mentum, tormentum. engineer, n. faber( =
workman), architeclus, machinutor, operum (jmb-
licorum) curator.
engrave, v.tr. 1, scalpcre, in alqd re or alci
rei (e.g. auro) incidere (e.g. leges); 2, tig- In
mentibus alqd insculpere. engraving, n. as
an art or work of art, scalptura (Plin.). en-
graver, n. sculptor (Plin.).
engross, v.tr. 1, = buy up, co'emcre ; 2, = to
write in large letters, moguls lit(t)eris scribere ;
3, = occupy, alqm occupare, tencre.
engulf, v.tr. 1, absorbcre, (de)vorare; 2, fig.
absorbere, (ex)haurire.
enhance, v.tr. 1, = increase, augcre, am-
plificare; 2, fig. augcre, amplificare, ornare,
exaggerare. enhancement, n. accessio, am-
plijicatio.
enigma, n. aenigma, -atis n., ambages, -urn ;
you speak in — , ambages narras. enigmati-
cal, adj. obscurus, perplexus, ambiguus. Adv.
amhigne, per ambages, perplexe.
enjoin, v.tr. see Command.
enjoy, v.tr. frui, gaudire, uti re (e.g. pros-
pcrrimd valetudine), fiorere re (e.g. justitiae famd),
voluptatem capere or percipcre ex re. enjoy-
ment, n. gaudium, fructus, -us, usus, -us,
volitptas, suavitas, oblectatio, dclectatio.
enkindle, v.tr. accendlre, im-endire, inflam-
rnare (scil. animos, discordiam, odium, etc.).
enlarge, v.tr. amplificare, dilatarc (opp.
coartarc, e.g. castra, aciem, impcrium), proferre,
prolatare, or propagare ( = to extend, e.g. imperii
fines, imperium), augcre ( — to increase) ; — one's
knowledge, alqd addiscire; — upon, alqd rt
pluribus (verbis) disputare. enlargement, u.
amplificalio, propagatio, prclatio, incrementum.
enlighten, v.tr. 1, lit. illustrare, illuminare ;
2, tig. alqm docere. erudire,fingcre. enlighten-
ment, n. humanitas, men* exculta or perpolita.
enl
686
epi
enlist, I. v.tr. militcs conscribere, comparare,
Sacramento adigere, obligare, conquircrc. II.
v.intr. nmnen dare, profitcri, sacramen'um dic&re,
enlistment, n. use verbs.
enliven, v.tr. alqm, (cx)h Harare, lactificare.
enmity, n. inimieitia, odium, simitttas.
ennoble, v.tr. 1, alqm nobilium ordini
a(d)srrib?rc ; in the Koman sense, transiti
a plebe ad patricios ; 2, flg. ornorc, excolere,
illustrare.
ennui, n. taedium.
enormous, adj. ingens, immanis, vmmensus,
mirti or incredibile magnitudine. Adv. praeter
nudum, or by superl. of adj. (e.g. — high,
ailissivms). enormity, n. res atrox or nefanda,
tcelue, -eris, n. , facinus, -oris, n.
1 enough, adj. tat, satis (e.g. satis consilii),
affotim ; more than — , abunde, satis svpe.rque;
not — , parti m: (opp. nimis); but — ! sed haec
hactenus.
enquire, v.tr. 1, see Ask ; 2, — into, de
al <& re quaerere, in alqd, (de)alqd re. inquirere,
1 or de alqd re cognoseere. enquiry, n. 1,
s«e Question ; 2, legal t.t. quaestio, inquisitio,
cognitio; 3, — investigation, inquisitio, investi-
gatio ; see Enquire.
enrage, v.tr. alcjs exasperare, infiammare,
alqm lacessere ; to be enraged, furore incendi or
injlammari.
- enrapture, v.tr. alqm obleetare, capere.
enrich, v.tr. locuplctare, locupletem facere,
clitare, divitiis ornare.
enrobe, v.tr. inducre. alci vestem or alqm
rate.
enrollfV.tr. i nscribcre,consigna re ; see Enu-
enshrine, v.tr. dedicare (lit.), (con)secrare
(lit, and fig.).
ensign, n. 1, signum (militore), vexilhon ; 2,
an officer, signifcr, aquilifer, vexillarius.
enslave, v.tr. alqm in servilutem redigere,
alci servitutem injungere, alqm servitule ajiccre,
enslaved, adj. alci rei adaidus; to be — , alci
rei (in)servire.
ensnare, v.tr. 1, illaqueare (lit. late; fig.
Hor.), laqueo capire, irretire; 2, tig. irrctire,
illicere, capere.
entail, v.tr. 1, terram heredi ita addicere
ut nunquam alienari possii ' ; 2, flg. see Cause.
entanglement, n. implicatio.
r enter, I. v.intr. introire, voire, ingredi; —
a port, inportnm venire, invehi, deferri; — upon,
inire, suscipSre ; — into, coire, facere (e.g. socie-
talem) ; — public life, ad rempublicam accedere,
remp. capessere ; — an office, munus inire, ingredi,
rnyessere, suscipere. II. v.tr. = — accounts, in
tabulae referee ; — as paid, alqd aid expensum
(re)ferrc. entrance, n. 1, = act of — , in-
gressio, introitus, -us; 2, = place of — , aditvs,
-us, os, ostium, janua ( = gate), limen ( =
threshold), introitus, -Ss; 3, = beginning, in-
itium; at — of spring, prima vere. entr;\
1, see Entrance; 2, = — in accounts, no
(e.g. nomen in tabulas refcrre, make an — ).'
enterprise, n. ir.ceptum, conatvs, -Us, conata,
•orum, opus, -eris, n., facinus, -oris, n. enter-
prising, adj. acer, strenUUS, impigcr, av.dar.
entertain, v.tr. 1, = to have; habere; 2, —
to amuse, delectare, obleetare; 3, = to give
hospitality to, hospitio aceipSr.e, recipere, excipire.
entertainer, n. hospee, ■Ktie, m. and f. en-
tertainment, n. 1 = hospitality, hospitium;
2, = banquet, epulae, t daps or dopes, conviv-
*«» ; 3, see AMVEiiLLyr. entertaining.
adj., see Axcsrso.
enthusiasm, n. inflammatio einimi, mentis
incikitioet permotio, mens incitata, aeslus, -Us, or
fervor (ingenii), ardor (animi), furor divinus,
t mens furibunda. enthusiast, n. 1, = re-
ligious — , t homo entheus, divino spiritu tactus,
homo fanaticus ; 2, = given to anything, alci
rei tuldictus, deditus. enthusiastic, adj. 1,
\ enlheus, fanaticus, t furens ; 2, aniens, aver,
vekemens. Adv. ardenter, act iter, veliementer.
entice, v.tr. allicerc, illicere, peUicere. en-
ticement, n. illecebrae. enticing, adj. blan-
dus, dulcis or pres. part, of verb. Adv. blande.
entire, adj. totus, integer, solidus. Ail v.
omnino, plane, prorsus. entireness, en-
tirety, n. by totus.
entitle, v.tr. 1, = to wme, iiucribere (a
writing); 2, = to give i 2 to, jus or pot es-
tatcm alqd faciendi dare ; 1 am entitled to, facere
alqd possum, mei est alqd facere.
entomb, v.tr. humare.
entrails, n. intestina, -orum, viscera, -um,
exta, -orum.
entrap, v.tr. 1, irretire ( — — by a net),
incscare ( = — by bait) ; 2, fig. irretire, illicere.
entreat, v.tr. prccari, rogare, orare, petere,
supplicare; see Ask.
entrust, v.tr. (con)credere, commendare el
coneredcre, conirn.HU.re, permittere, mandare, com-
mendare (all with alqd alci), deponere alqd aptul
alqm.
entwine, v.tr. inneetere alqd alci rei, alqd
alqd re red i mire.
enumerate, v.tr. (ari)wumerare, dinumerare,
enuvierare.
enunciate, v.tr. cdiccre, indicarc, pronun-
Jare, enuntiare. enunciation, n. enuntiatio.
envelope. I. v.tr. involv&re, obducere. II.
n. involucrum, integumen'um.
envenom, v.tr. 1, alqd veneno imbnere : 2,
fig. alqm exasperare, exaeerbare. envenomed,
adj. see Sfiteful.
environ, v.tr. circumdare, circti/mstare. en-
virons, n. loca quae circumjacent alci loco, quae
circum alqm locum sunt.
envoy, n. legatus; see Ambassador.
envy, I. n. invidia, livor, malignitas, oh-
treetatio, malcvolentia. II. v.tr. invidere alci;
— something, alci alqd invidere (e.g. invidere
alci honorem ; hullius equidem invideo Ttonori,
= 1 — no one's honour) ; I am envied, invi-
dctnr mihi, in invidid sum, invidiat sum. en-
viable, adj. \ invidendus, fortunatus, bcotus.
envious, adj. invidus, lividus, malignus. Adv.
cum invidid, maligne.
ephemeral, adj. unius diei, caducus, '
epic, adj. epicus, herous, heroicus ; — poem,
epos (in nom. and accus. only).
Epicurean, n. 1, = a followe- of Epicurus,
Epicureus; 2,= a lover of pleasure, homodeli-
catus or luxuriosus.
epidemic, adj. and n. morbus, pestilent ia,
epigram, n. epigramma, -atis,n. epigram-
matic, adi- epigrammaticu's (late), salsus.
epilepsy, n. morbus comilialis.
epilogue, n. epilogus.
episcopal, adj. * episcopedis (eccl.). epis-
copacy, n. cpiscopatus, -v.3 (eccl.).
episode, n. embolium, exeurivs, -us, digres-
sio, digressva, -us (= digression).
epistle, n. epistttla. epistolary, adj.
KH 'rrie or p>r lit(i)nas.
epitaph, n. MuTiie. ehtfUim.
epi
n. epithalamium,
687
eat
epithalamium,
nuptials.
epithet, n. cpitheton (Quint.).
epitome, n. epitome, summarium (Sen.).
epitomize, v.tr. cpitomen facere.
epoch, n. tempos, -oris, n.', tempestas, aetas,
saeculum.
equal, I. adj. aequus, similis, geminus (=
twin), comb, aequus et par, aequalis et par, par
oi aequalis, par et similis, par atque idem, par
atque units; —to each other, compar (sc\\. \connu-
bium), t parili3, inter se aequales ; not—, dispar,
impar, dissimilis ; to divide into twelve — parts,
in duodecim partes aequaliter dividcre; — to
doing anything, ad alqd faciendum sufficient.
Adv. atque, aequaliter, pariter. II. n. par.
III. v.tr. alqd cum alqd re a(d)aequare, aequi-
parare (more rarely with dat.). equality, n.
aequalitas, aequabilitas. equable, adj. aequus,
aequabilis, aequalis sibi, constans (sibi), stabilis.
Adv. aeqwo animo, aequabiliter, conslanter, ae-
qualiter. equability, n. constantia, aequus
animus, aequabilitas, stabilitas. equalize,
v.tr. alqm or alqd alci (rei) (ex)aequare, adae-
quare.
equanimity, n. aequus animus, aequitas
animi, aequa mens, constantia.
equator, n. circulus aequinoctialis.
equerry, n. equiso, tribunus skibuli (under
the emperors).
equestrian, I. adj. cquester, equestris. II.
11. cques, yitis.
equiangular, adj. angulis acquis or paribus.
equidistant, adj. pari intervallo, aequis or
paribus intervallis distantes inter sc.
equiformity, n. aequabilitas.
equilateral, adj. aequis or paribus lateri-
bus.
equilibrium, n. aequilibrium (Sen.) ; in
— , pari momento libratus.
equinox, n. aequinoctium. equinoctial,
adj. aequinoctialis.
equip, v.tr. armare, instruere, ornare.
equipment, n. artna, -orum, armatura in-
etrumenta, -orum, navalia (of ships).
equipoise, n. see Equilibrium.
equitable, adj. aequus, Justus, mcrilus (= de-
served) ; it is — , aequv.m, par, jus, fas est (with
intin. or inlin. and accus.). equity, n. aequitas,
aequum bonum, justilia, moderatio; contrary to
— , contra fas, contra quam fas est, contra jus
fasqui.
equivalent, adj. see Equal.
equivocal, adj. aequivocus, ambiguus, an-
ceps, dubius, dubius et quasi duplex, equivo-
cation, n. ex ambiguo dictum, ambiguitas, am-
phibolia. equivocate, v.intr. tergiversari.
• era, n. femporum ratio.
eradicate, v.tr. e'radicare (ante-class.), ex-
(s)tirparej (e)vellere, extrah&re, evclllre et extrahcre,
erufre, delerc, exstinguerc, excldcre, craderc, tol-
Ure. eradication, n. ei(s)tirpatio, ex(s)tinctio,
exctdium.
erase, v.tr. delire, indu'cere( ss to cover with
the broad end of the stylus), (e)rad?re. era-
sure, n. liiura.
ere, adv. pri'Jsquam, anti qudm; see Before.
erect, I. adj. (e)rectUs. II. v.tr. erigere ( =s
set straight up), aedificare ( = build), exstritere
( = raise), erection, n, 1, as act, aidificatio,
ex(s)tr\lciio ; 2, = building, cCediff<5ium.
erb^icf. aSj. i:r.c'ivri'us.
err, v.intr. crrare, vagari, in errors versari,
errore captum esse ( = to be in error), fulli
( = to be misled), peccare ( = to sin), error,
n. error, erratum ( = a single act), lapsus, -its
( = a slip or fall), peccalum ( = a sin) ; to com-
mit — , crrare, peccare. erratic, adj. incon-
stuns. erroneous, adj. falsus. Adv. falso.
erroneousness, n. see Error.
errand, u. mandatum ; an — -boy, nuntius,
tabcllarius.
erst, adv. quondam, olim.
erudite, adj. Iit{t)eratu3, doctus, doctrind in-
structus, erudiius, erudiiione ornatus ; comb,
doctus atque eruditus. erudition, u. doctrina,
cruditio.
eruption, n. cruptio (e.g. ditnaeorum ig-
nium).
escape, I. v.tr. alqd (ef)fugere, subterfugere
(secretly), evadere ex alqd re, ab alqo, elabi ex
alqd re; — a danger, periculum vitare, effuglre ;
it — s me, me praeterit, me fugit alqd. II. v.intr.
(ef)fttgcre, cTobi, evadcre. III. n. vitatio, devi-
tatio, fuga, effugiwn.
escarpment, u. vallum.
escheat, I. n. hereditas caduca (Jet.). II.
v.intr. caducum esse (Jet.).
eschew, v.tr. vitare ; see Avoid.
escort, I. n. comitatus, -us; under someone's
—i alqo oomite or comitante, comitalu or cww,
comitcitu alcjs, cum alqo, ab alqo deductus (as
mark of honour). II. v.tr. alqm comitari, dedu-
ccre, prosequi, alci (rei) prucsidio esse (as a
defence).
esoulent, adj. esculenlus.
esoteric, adj. arcanus, occultus.
especial, adj. praecipuus, maximus,^ sum-
mits; he had an — care for, nihil antiquiws
habuit quam ut.. Adv. praesertim, praecipue,
maxims, in primis (imprimis), summe.
esplanade, n. ambulatio.
espouse, v.tr. 1, see Betroth ; 2, see
Marky ; 3, iig. see Embrace.
esquire, n. * armiger.
essay, I. v.tr. conari. II. n. 1, = an
attempt, experimentum, conatus, -its, conata,
■orum; 2, = treatise, libellus. essayist, n.
scriptor.
essence, n. natura, vis, proprietas; it is the
— of affection, amicitia vera est, or amicitiae
(proprium) est. essential, adj. verus, primus,
praecipuus, proprius, in alcjs rei naturd positus.
Adv. rcapse, vere, praecipue, imprimis, necessario;
to be — different, ipsa rei natwd diversum esse.
establish, v.tr. 1, = to set up, statucre,
constitutors] 2, = to make strong, confirmare,
stabilire ; 3, = to prove, probare, confirmare.
establishment, n. 1, = act of — > consUtutio,
conciliatio (e.g. gratiae), conflrmatlo ; 2, =
household, familia.
estate, n. 1, = condition, ratio, status, -Us,
hdbitus, -US, condicio, re», fortuna; sors; 2,
= property, res, fundus, praevium, ager, pos-
sessio.
esteem, I. n. 1, = opinion, aesiimatio,
dpinio, existtmatio; 2, =n reverence, cfiservamtia.
(shown outwardly) ; to feel — , alqm VerlrU II.
v.tr. 1, = think, aestimare, existimare-, piitarc,
Tidblre; 2, = reverence, alqm respinSre, vtrlrl,
magni facere alqm; to be esteemed^, magnl kaberi
(the>genitives maximi, minimi, riVitll, pMris, etc. ,
may be employed), estimable, adj. dignus
dlqd re, or qui with subj., laudUMs, ton"!!, op-
timus.'honestus, gravis, probui.
eet-ijr^it^T, a i ; = — m tajJSS^, WUifc$6;
est
688
esc
2, = judgment, judicium, aestimatio. II. y.tr.
1, alqd aestimare (with genit. or abl. of price),
tensere; 2, see Esteem, estimation, n. see
Esteem.
estrange, v.tr. (abydienare ; — from your-
self, alqm oralcji voluntatem a se alienare, alie-
na re si6i alcjs animum. estrangement, n.
alienatio, discidium.
estuary, n. aestuarium.
eternal, adj. cfternus, semjtiternus, immor-
tali*, veri>etuus ; — enmity, oiliuxi inexpiabile.
Adv. in aeternum, perpetvo, semper, oternity,
n. aeteniilas; for — ,in aeternum, in perpetuum,
in omne tempns.
ether, n. aether, ethereal, adj. aetherius
(aethvreus).
ethics, ii. de moribus, or officiis, ethic?.
(Quint.), ethical, adj. de moribus or officii*,
quod ad mores pertinet, moralis (invented by
Cicero).
etiquette, n. mos, moris, in., usus, -us.
etymology, n. = derivation, etymologia,
etymologice, explicatio verborum.
eucharist, n. * eucharistia.
eulogy, n. laudatio, laus. eulogist, n.
laudator, eulogize, v.tr. laudare.
eunuch, n. eunuchus.
euphemism, n., euphemistic, adj. ut
bona de his loquar.
euphony, n. sonus, -us, dulcis or svavis.
evacuate, v.tr. (de)vclinquere locum, (de)-
cedere loco or de or ex V>co, discedere a loco or loco
or ex loco, excedere loco or ex loco ; to — a town
(with troops), ab alqo loco milites deducere.
evade, v. tr. de or ex al-js ma n ihus clabi, de alcjs
manibiis effugere, alcjs manibva or aid evadere,
alqm tubterfugere. evasion, u. ambages, -is,
f., usu. in pi., tergirersatio. evasive, adj.
ambiguus. Adv. ambigue.
evangelist, n. * evanjelista. evangelical,
adj. * evangelicus.
evaporate, I. v.tr. (e)vaporare, exhalare,
ex(s\pirare. II. v.intr. (e)vaporari, exhalari,
ea(s)pirari: evaporation, u. (e)vaporcctio, ex-
halatio, ex(s)piratio.
even, adj. aequus, planus, comb, aequvs et
planus ; of temper, aequus, aequabilis; of num-
bers, par. Adv. aequaliter, aequabiliter, pariter.
evenness, n. aequalitas (Plin.); — of temper,
aequus animus.
even, adv. etiam, vel (esp. with superl. or
single words), adeo, ipse (e.g. ipsa amicitia) ; not
— , ne ... quidem ; — now, jam nunc
evening, I. n. vesper, -Iris, or -iri, m.
tempvs vespertinum, occasus, -its, solis (= sunset);
towards — , ad (sub) veeperum, sub occasum solis ;
in the — , vesperi ; the — before, pridie vesperi ;
yesterday — , hcri vesperi; good — ! salve; I
wish good — to anyone, salvlre alqm jubeo. II.
adj. vespcrlinus ; — star, Hesperus, Vesper.
event, n. 1, = issue, event im, -fes, exitus -fis;
2, = occurrence, res (qesta), factum, casus, -Us,
eventus, -us. eventful, adj. memorabilis, We
(e.g. Vie die.? = that — day), mayni or maximi
tnsmenti. '
ever, adv. 1, e always, semper, perpttuo ;
tne best is — the rarest, optimum quidque raris-
simum est ; 2 } = at any time, umquam (unq),
(ali)quando ; if — , si quando ; — so great, quan-
tumvis or qitamris magnvs ; for — , in aeternum.
everlasting, adj. see Eterkal.
' every, adj. quisque, quique, quilibet, quivis
omnia; — .one, each separately, unusquisque;
— live days there were two days for hunt-
ing, binae venationes per dies quinque; — day,
etc., singulis diebus, mensibus, annis, also qnot
diebus, mensibus, antiis. and in si ngulas horns or
merely in horas ; each of two, uterque ; — person,
— one, nemo non or nemo est quin or nemo est
qui non (e.g. — one holds, nemo est quin cxisli-
met) ; — one knows, nemo est qui nesciai; —
where, ubique, ubivis, nusquam.
evict, v.tr. alqo loco (ex)pellere, de alqo loco
dctrudcre, deturbare. eviction, n. ei'iclio (Jet.),
or by verb.
evident, adj. certus, mani/estus, apertus,
evidens, pcrspicuus ; it is — , constat, ccrtum est,
liquet (with accus. and infm.). Adv. aperte,
manifeste, perspicue, evidenler. evidence, It.
I, legal t.t. testimonium, indicium; 2, in gen.
'■rgumentum, or by verb probare.
evil, I. adj. mains, perversus, maUficus. II.
n. malum, incommvdum (= inconvenience) ; to bo-
rn — , ire vudis esse; to suffer under some
— , laborare ex alqd re (e.g. ex pedibus). evil-
doer, n. maleficus. evil-speaking, adj.
maledicus.
evince, v.tr. ostendcre, probare, (e)vinc£re.
evoke, v.tr. evocare., elicere, excitarc.
evolve, v.tr. evolvere, explicare. evolu-
tion, n. 1, = — of soldiers, decursvs, -iis ; 2,
= — of nature, rerum, progressio.
ewe, n. ovisfemina.
ewer, n. urceus, hydria, urna.
exacerbate, v.tr. see E.mbittee.
exact, I. adj. exactus, accundus, 'eipressvs.
II. v.tr. alqd ab alqo exigere, alci alqd or alqd ab
alqo extorqucre ; alqd alci imperare. Adv. accu-
rate; — so, ita plane, or prorsus. exacting,
adj. rapax. exaction, ii. exactio. exacti-
tude, exactness, n. diligentia, aauratio
(rare).
exaggerate, v.tr. verbis exaggerare, multi-
plicare verbis (e.g. copias), verbis augerr, in majus
(verbis) extollere, in majus accipcre. exaggera-
tion, n. (nimia)anrpfijicatio, veritatis svperlatio,
trajectio.
exalt, v.tr. augZre, majus reddere, verbis
or laudibus efferre or extollere. exaltation, n.
dignitatis accessio. exalted, adj. aJtus (rj)W-
sWs; of — position, gradu amplissimo.
examine, v.tr. explorare, pond rare, inquir-
ere, (per)scrutari. examination, n. scruta-
tin, inquisitio, probatio. examiner, n. in gen.
investigator ; of a school, qui quid proficer-
int pueri exquirit.
example, n. exemplum, exemplar, documen-
turn; to eet an — , exemplum praebere.
exasperate, v.tr. exasperare.
excavate, v.tr. (ex)eavare, effodere. exca-
vation, n. cavum.
exceed, v.tr. tratisgredi, txeedire, transire
ji)ie?(lit. and fig.), terminos egredi (tig.), modum
egredi or excedere, ultra- modum egredi. excess,
n. intemperantia, licentia, luxuria. excessive,
adj. nimius, immodicus, immoderatu?. Adv.
nimis, immodice, immoderate, pracUr modum.
excel, v.tr. excellire (ingenio, virtute, uni-
mi magnitudine, dignitate, also in alqd- re),
alqm in re (M^vwrrr-e, a?ci (in) alqd re
praestare. excellent, adj. excellens, pme-
stans, egregius, bonus, optimus, laudatus,
praecipvus. Adv. excellenter, egregie, bene,
oplime, praecipue, imprimis (in primis). excel-
lence, n. excellentio , praeslantia.
except, I. v.tr. cxciicrc, ciimirc, excludere ;
— from military service, raealionewi militiae
alci dare; not one excepted, ad union omnes
exc
689
exp
or omnes ad nnum. II, prep, praeter, extra,
accus. past partie. of excipere in abl. abs. (e.g.
te exceptu), nisi alter a neg. (e.g. nisi in ie nul-
lum spem liabeo). exception, n. exccptio. ex-
ceptional, adj. ranu. Adv. praeter modum.
exchange, I. V.tr. (per)mutare ; —letters,
lil(iyriii diirc et accipcre. II. n. 1, = changing,
(}ier)muUUio, vices(— turns) ; 2, of money, colhj-
bus ; 3, = the place of — , forum, inensapubliea.
exchequer, n. aerarium, fiscius.
excite, v.tr. excitare, concitare, (com)movere ;
— pity, etc., misericordiam, solitionem, bellum
iiiov. or com., conjlare (e.g. bellum, ulci invidi-
am); — a controversy, eontroversiam inferre.
excitable, adj. iracundus, fervidus. ex-
cited, adj. commutus. excitement, n. con-
citatio, commotio, motus, -its.
exclaim, v.tr. crdamare, conclamare (of
several), exclamation, n. exclamutio, accla-
matio, vox.
exclude, v.tr. excluMre, prohibere,(ab) alqo
loco arcere. exclusion, n. exclusio (rare), or
by verb, exclusive, adj. = — in choice of
acquaintance, parum affabilis, qui rari adi-
tus est ; — property, quod alci proprium est.
Adv. by adj. proprius. exclusiveness, n.
rari aditus esse.
excommunicate, v.tr. sacrificiis interdi-
cere alci, alqm *excomm,U)licare. excommuni-
cation, n. sacrijiciorum interdictio, *excommu-
nicutio.
excrement, n. excrementum, stercu*, -Sris,
n. excrescence, n. gibber, -eris, m. (Plin.
= a hunch), tuber, -eris, m. (= protuberance).
excruciating, adj. acerbissimus.
exculpate, v.tr. exeusare, (ex)purgare ; —
with someone, alci or apud alqm exeusare ; —
yourself, se exeusare dc re. exculpation, n.
excusatio, purgatio.
excursion, n. iter, -ineris ; to make an — ,
excuirirc (e.g. rus).
excuse, I. v.tr. 1, = ask for pardon, veniam
petere, rogare, se alci or apud alqm exeusare.
(ex)purgare; 2, = grant pardou, veniam alci
dare, alci ignoscere. II. n. 1, excusatio ; 2,
■venia; 3, see Pretext, excusable, adj. cui
ignosci potest.
execrate, v.tr. exsecrari, detestari, abomi-
•no.ri; see Curse. execrable, adj. see
Abominable.
execute, v.tr. 1, = to carry into effect,
exsequi, persequi (e.g. alcjs marulata; — a com-
mand, imperium), efficcre, perficcre, ad effectum
adducere; 2, = to inllict punishment, poenam
capcre or poenas exigere de alqo, supplicium de
alqo sumere, necare. execution, n. 1, effectio,
or by verb; 2, supplicium; 3, = — on goods,
bonorum vendilio, emptio ; 4, = slaughter,
caedes, -is. executive, u. penes quos est ad-
ministratio rerum.
exegesis, n. explanatia, interpretatio.
exemplary, adj. see Excellent ; — pun-
ishment, exemplum severitatis.
exempt, I. v.tr. excipere, eximere, immunem
facere, vacationem dare, gratiam faclre alci alcjs
rei. II. adj. (06 alq& re) immunis, alqd re liber,
solutxis; — from further service (of a soldier),
emeritus, exemption, n. immunitas, vacatio.
exercise, I. v.tr. 1, = carry on, exercere,
facere, agere, alqd re fungi ; 2, physically, exer-
cere (e.g. se, milites, etc.). II. n. 1, u.unus,
■eris, n. ; 2, cxercitatio ; 3, = theme, thema,
■atis (Quint.).
exert, v.tr. 1, contendere, in'tendire; — your-
self, (coii)uiti, eniii. conari ; 2, see Use, EMTtOY,
Exercise, exertion, n. contentio, intentio,
conatus, -its.
exhale, v.tr. exhulare; odours are exhaled,
od<ires(efloribus) afflantur ; see Evaporate, ex-
halation, Ji. cxhalatio.
exhaust, v.tr. exhaurire (lit. ami fig.), con-
ficcre. exhausted, adj. see Weary, ex-
haustion, II. See 1'' ATI OLE.
exhibit, v.tr. 1, proponere, ante oculos ponire,
edere, celeb rare ; 2, = manifest, praebire. ex-
hibition, n. 1, = act of — , by verb ; 2, =
show, spectaculum, ludi.
exhilarate, v.tr. (ex)hilarare (e.g. vultum),
hilarem facere. exhilaration, n. animi relax-
atio, oblectatio.
exhort, v.tr. hortari; see Admonish, En-
courage.
exigenoe, n. necessitas, angustiae.
exile, I. n. 1, = banishment, ex(s)ilium,
relegalio ; 2, = person banished, exsul, extorris,
fprofugus. II. v.tr. e(j)icere, extenninare, rele-
gare, deporkire (Tac), (ex)pellere, alci aqua et
igni interdicere.
exist, v.intr. ex(s)istere, esse, exstare. exist-
ence, n. use esse (e.g. to believe in the — of
gods, deos esse putare); I have means of — , habeo
unde utar.
exit, n. 1, = going away, exitus, egressus,
abiius, all -ils; 2, — way out, exitus, ejugium,
janua.
exonerate, v.tr. see Exculpate.
exorbitant, adj. immo licus, immoderatus.
Adv. immodice, immoderate.
exordium, n. exordium, crorsus, -Us, pro-
oemium.
exoterio, adj. quod iijuirepiKov vocant, ex-
otericus (Gell.).
exotic, adj. peregrinus, externus.
expand, v.tr. see Spread, expanse, n.
spaiium.
expatiate, v.tr. uberius or pluribus (verbis)
disputare, dicere, longum esse in alqd re.
expatriate, v.tr. see Banish.
expect, v.tr. ex(s)pectare, opperiri alqm or
alqd ; sperare (with fore ut, spem habere alcjs rei,
or with accus. and inlin.) ; a less slaughter than
might have been — ed, minor clades quam pro
tantd victoria fuit. expectant, adj. use spes
or ex(s)pectatio, or verb, or arrectus. expecta-
tion, n. ex(s)pectatio, spes, opinio.
expectorate, v.tr. exscreare (e.g. sangui-
nem), exspuere. expectoration, n. 1, ex-
screatio (— act of—) (Plin.); 2, sputum (=
matter of — ) (Cels.).
expedient, I. adj. commodus, utilis ; it is
— , expedit. II. n. ratio ; no useful — is at
hand, nullum consilium in promptu. est; to find
an — , viam invenire, viam consilii inienire.
expediency, n. utilitas.
expedite, v.tr. expedire, maturare. expe-
dition, n. 1, = speed, celeritas ; 2, = military
— , expeditio. expeditious, adj. ceUr, promp-
tus, maturus. Adv. celeriter, prompte, mature.
expel, v.tr. (er)pell(re re or a re or ex re,
depcllere alqm re, de re or ex re, exigere re or ex
re, e(j)icere re, de, ex or ab re. expulsion, n.
exactio, expulsio.
expend, v.tr. expendfrc, UnpcndZre, erogare
(of public money); —much money, magnossump-
tus faclre ; pecuniam profuiulire. expense, 11.
impensa, impendium, dispendium, sumptus, -ft$.
expensive, adj. sumptuosus, carus, pretiosus,
magnipretii. Adv. sinuptuose, pretiose. expen-
diture, u. rogatio, sumptus. -"■«.
exp
690
exu
experience, I. n. usus, -iis, experieniia, pru-
dentia (= wisdom that is the result of — ); —
in nautical matters, scientia atque usus rerum
nauticarum; I write from — , expertvs scribo
>od scribo. II. v.tr. txperiri, (ksii) discere or
cognoscere, experientiA discere, tisu alqd miki
renit. experienced, adj. («aw) periius, usv
atque exercitatione praeditus, muttarum rerum
peritus ; peritus trie's rei, exercitatus, versatus in
re. experiment, n. experiment um, perielita-
tio, periculum; an unfortunate — , res infeliciter
tentata. experimental, adj. and adv. usu or
txperimentis cognitus.
expert, adj. & n. alci. rei or ad cdqd aptus, ido-
neus, akjs rei compos, alcjs rci peritus, in alqd re
exercitatus, callidus, sol(l)ers. expertnoss, u.
calliditas, sol(l)ertia.
expiate, v.tr. alqd luere, explore, poenas
alcjs rei dare, pendcre, dependtre, iexpeudere,
solvere, expiation, n. satisfactio, poena, piac-
idum. expiatory, adj. piacularis.
expire, v.intr. ex(s)pirare ; animam, eitrem-
um spiritum edere; see Die. expiration, n.
by abl. abs. (e.g. at the — of the year, anno,
exeu nte, finito ja m an no).
explain, v.tr. exponere, expedire, explanare,
explicare, interpretari, apenrc, enodare, illus-
trare. explanation, n. explicatio, explanatio,
interpretatio, enodatio. explanatory, adj.
use verb.
explicit, adj. apertus, dihtcidus, definitus.
Adv. dilucide, plane, diserte, definite.
explode, I. v.intr. (di)rumpi. II. v.tr.
(di)rumpere, refelUre, confutare, refutarc (an
opinion), explosion, n. \Jragor, crepitus, -Us.
export, v.tr. txportare (opp. importare).
exportation, n. exportatio. exports, n.
mcrces (quae exportanlur).
expose, v.tr. 1, exponere ; — a child, in-
fantem exponere; — to anything, opponere,
ol{j)icere, offcrrc old rei ; 2, = to lay open,
dctcycre (e.g. latentem culpam) ; 3, — make bare,
nndare. exposition, n. crpositio ; see Ex-
planation, exposure, n. by verb.
expound, v.tr. see Explain.
express, I. v.tr. expriiacre, signifieare, de-
(Harare, demonstrarr, verbis consequi, rsequi ; —
oneself, loqui, dicers. II. adj. 1, = Exact ; 2,
= quick, celer. Adv. his ipsis verbis, expres-
sion, n. ], verbum, sententia, vocabulum, dictum,
vox; 2, of the features, etc., vultus, -Us, argutiae
(= animation) ; void of — , languens, languidus
(as in the countenance, the voice, etc.). expres-
sive, adj. signijicmis, gravis (= with strength, of
a speaker); by vis (e.g. it is most — , vim hahet
nwgnam). Adv. si qui ficn ntcr (Quint.), plane,
diserte. expressiveness, n. argutiae (—
lively — , of lace, etc.), gmvitas (= — of speech).
expunge, v.tr. delire, inducers, (e)radere
(Tac.).
expurgate, v.tr. (ex)purgare. expurga-
tion, n. (ex)purgatto (= freeing from blame).
exquisite, adj. erquisitus, conquteUvs, egre-
i-/'"?, venvstus; — tortures, suppltcia exquisita,
pv.lcher. Adv. exquisite, egregie, pUlchre, venuste.
extant, adj., to be -- - (supefstiiem) cs^c,
ex stars, ex(s)iste; ?.
extemporary, adj. sulitifs, stibitus ct for-
'.Us; power of — speaking, ex tempore dicer di
fu&aiae.
extend, I. v.tr. = stretch out, enlarge,
extender?, distendire, augerre, prof .-'.in-
care. II. v.intr. patcre, extendi, disUndi, etc.
extension, n. mntetfa (e.g. dtgUanltiO, pro-
doStf, pfcTatid, froyigmo. exfensfiVo, a^j.
mw/nus, ampins, late patens, lotus. Adv. late.
extent, n. ambitus, -us, spatium, circuitus, -us;
to have a wide — , latius putere.
extenuate, v.tr. attenuare, cxlenuare (opp.
to amplificare) ; — guilt, (mlpam, etc.) levare,
mitigare. extenuation, n. extenuatio, levatio,
mitigatio.
exterior, I. adj. see External. II. n.
fades, forma, species, figura.
exterminate, v.tr. ad unum interficere, in-
terimere (— kill), eradieare, ex(s)tirpare (= root
out).
external, adj. externus, exterior ; — advan-
tages, bona externa, bona corporis. Adv. extrin-
secus.
extinct, adj. exstinctus, obsoletus.
extinguish, v.tr. — a fire-, ex(s)tingucre,
restinguire, compescere, delere (= blot out).
extirpate, v.tr. ex(s)tirpare ; see Exter-
minate.
extol, v.tr. augers, ornare, laudibus (ef)ferre,
cxtollere, rerbis efferre.
extort, v.tr. exprimere alci cdqd or abjd
ab alqo, expugnare alqd edei, alqd expilare, aid
alqd extorgucre. extortion, n. res repetundae.
extortionate, adj. rapar, avarus. Adv.
avare. extortioner, n. i mmod id fe nor is ex-
actor.
extra, adv. praeterea.
extract, I. v.tr. 1, extrahere, (ep-ellere; 2, =
to make an extract, exesrpert ; 3, = to press out,
exprimere. II. n. 1, = — of a book, excerptiq
(Hell.), quod excerptum est; 2,= — of a plant,
etc., silcvs qui expressus est, quod expressum est.
extraction, n. as to origin, origo. 'genus, -eris,
II, ; of good — , honesto loco orlus, honesto generc
(natus); of poor — , tenui loco ortus, humili or
ignobili loco natus.
extraneous, adj. see External.
extraordinary, adj. extraordinarius, inu-
sitatus, insolitus, insolens, novus inauditus, in-
credibilis, minis, insignis, sununus. Adv. extra
ordinem, praeter morem or consuetudinem, ir.-
crcdibilitcr, mire, mirifice.
extravagant, adj. 1, = lavish, prodigus,
effusus, sumptuosus; 2, = excessive, immodcra-
tns, invniodicus; 3, = foolish, iasidsus. Adv.
prodigc, effuse, sumptuose, immoderate, immodicc,
'extravagance, n. 1, prodigentia
(Tac-.), sumptus, -Us (profvsus) ; 2, intemperantia,
immoderatio ; 3, insulse factum.
extreme, adj. extremus (= farthest), ulHvma
(= last), summus (= highest) ; — part, pars extre-
me ; the — price, summum pretium ; to come into
— danger, in ultimuni d iscrimen culduci ; to go to
— s. iinduni excedcre (so cul extremum per rent urn
est, ventum jam adfinem, est, res est ad extrcmum
perducta casum). Adv. summe, summopcrc, quam
or vel maxims, or by superl. (e.g. —good, op-
timus). extremity, n. 1, = furthest part, ex-
tremus, with n. ; 2,— top, cacumen, vertex, fas-
tigium, extremitas ; of the body, extremae partes ;
3, — distress, etc., by special word (e.g. inopia
= ]->overtv), with summus. or extre.mn^ -arum-, pi. ;
to be brought t'o — s, in exSrmum diicrimen ad-
ductum esse.
extricate, v.tr. see Rele.^ss.
extrude, v.tr. ertrudSre) dxpellere, e(j)icerc,
comb, extruders ct e(j)lcere. extrusion, n. ex-
pvZsio ; see Expel.
exuberant, adj. tiixilriosus, W.t'is ; of stylr,
reditndans; to bo -, exuderara (eg. pomts, Jolt-
orum luxUrico. etc.). Ad\'. -bcrthr., IvXurUJse,
e'sub^raaic'3, n. ■Sicrt-M, fi&frta.
•exu
G91
fal
exude, v.intv. (cx)sudare.
exuleerate, v.tr. exulcerarc.
exult, v.iutr. exsuliare, gestire, comb, exsul-
tare et gestirc, lactitid efferri, laetari, gloriari.
exultant, adj. laetus.' Adv. lacte. exulta-
tion, u. laetatio.
eye, I. n. oculus, t ocellus, t lumen (dirain.), =
siyht, conspectus, -us (e.g. before the — s, in con-
spectus), = keen sight, acies; blear-eyed, li2ipus ;
— in trees, etc., oculus, gemma; bull's , use
medius (e.g. scopum medium Jerire, = hittlic — );
— in peacock's tail, oculus ; mind's — , acies or
cculus mentis. II. v.tr. a(d)spiccre, contemplari ;
— askance, oculis limit a(d)spiccre. eye-ball,
n. pupula, papilla. eye-brow, ll. superciliiun.
eye-It'. h, n. pili pupillas tegentes. eye-lid,
n. pulpebra (usu. pi.), eyesight, n. acies,
oculus. eyesore, n. res foeda or tetra; see
Ugly, eye-witness, n. testis, m. and 1 ; I
was au — , ipse vidi.
F.
fable, a. 1, fabula (usu. with ficia or eompo-
sita or commenticia); 2, = untruth, commentum,
mendacium. fabulous, adj. fabulosus, ficlus,
commenticius,falsus, comb, fictus et commenlicius.
fa ic, n. 1, of carpenters, and in gen.,
fabrica ; of weavers, textum, textile; 2, = struc-
ture, aedificium. fabricate, v.tr. fabricari,
texere, conficere. fabrication, n. 1, = making,
fabriaUio; 2, = falsehood; see Fable, - J.
fabricator, n. opifcx, fabricator (always with
gen.), artifex, textor ; = inventor, doctor.
face, I. n. fades (= the front of the head),
vultus, -its (=the countenance), os, oris (properly,
= the mouth), comb, os vuUusque or os et vultus;
frons, -ntis, f. (= the forehead) ; — to — , corawi ;
to make — s, os (dis)torquere. II. v.tr. and intr.
1, = be opposite, ad alqd spectare ; 2,= to cover,
aiqd alqd re or alci inducers; 3, = encounter,
alci obciam ire; 4, — about, signa convertere.
facial, adj. quodadfaciempertinet.
facetious, adj. jocosus, jocularis, lepidus, fa-
cet us. Adv. jocose, lepide, facete. facctious-
ness, ii. lepos, -oris, facetiae, or by sal
facilitate, v.tr. alcjs rei expedite, facility,
h. facilitas ; with — , facile, nullo ncgotio.
facing, prep, contra alqd, ex adverse rei.
facsimile, n. descriplio imagoque (e.g.
lit(t)crarum).
fact, n. 7 - cs, factum; that is a — , 7ioc certo
auctore comperi ; in — , reapse, etenim, enim or
quidem (enclit.), sane, profecto.
faction, n. factio. factious, adj. factiosus,
partium studiosus, turbulentus, seditiosus. Adv.
seditiose. factiousness, n. facdo.
factitious, adj. see False.
factor, n. negotiorum (pro)curatop.
factory, tl fabrica, ojficina ; — hands, operac.
faculty, n. ingenium ( = natural talent),
comb, animus ingeniumqUe ; so/(l)erlia( = skill),
faeultas, e.g. dicendi (also poetica facultas).
■ fade, v.intr. evanescere, t pallescere, marces-
cere, faded, adj. see Pale, fading, I. n.
colorU mutatio. II. adj. cadveus.
fagot, n. fascis, -is, m., sarmentd, -orum, pi.
fail, I. v.intr. 1, = to fall or come short of,
non jerire ; 2, = to err or to do wrong, errare,
labi, peccare, peccatum, admittere (— to sin), de-
UtoQuere; 3, = to fall short, alci deesse, deficere;
4, = — in. a lawsuit, cadere; 5. = be, bank-
rupt, fcro cedixi. II. n. e.g. without — , by chrco.
oinniiw. failing, n. error, peccatum, delictum.
failure, n. defect io (e.g. virium), ruinac or nau-
fragium fortunarum, or use verb.
fain, adv. libenter (lub-), by a participle, as
volens ; I would — believe that, hoc credere volu-
crim (vellcm).
faint, I. adj. languidus, use sensu carSreit
unconsciousness be implied. II. v.iutr. 1, =
swoon, fcollabi, animus ubpn relinqu.it; 2, —
be weary, languors, faint-bear ted, adj.
timidus. faintness, n. 1, languor; 2, by verb.
fair, I. adj. 1, = beautiful, pulcher, venustus;
the — sex, semis, -its, mulicbris ; 2, of weather,
sercnus ; of wuid or tide, secundum; 3, oj>p. to
dark, candidus ; 4, morally, aequus, integer; 5,
=z moderately good, mediocris. Adv. aequc,
mediocritcr, haud ita multum. II, u.nundinae,
mercatus, -iis. fairness, n. 1, pulchritudo,
venustas; 2, serenitas ; 3, aequitas, integritas ;
4, mediocritas.
fairy, n. = — of the stream, nympha; = —
of the tree, dryas (usu. pi. dryades); = — of the
wood, faunus.
faith, n. 1, = fidelity, Jidelitas, fides, pietas
( = discharge of duty towards God, parents,
etc.) ; 2, = belief, opinio, persuasio, fides ;
to have — in, alci credere ; 3, see Religion ;
4. as exclamation, nae, Hercle, medius fidius.
faithful, adj.fidelis, ridus(e.g. in sua sententid).
Adv. fidditer. faithfulness, u. Jidelitas, fides,
constantia. faithless, adj. perfidus, perfidiosus,
infidelis, infidus. Adv. perjide, perfidiose, infi-
deliter. faithlessness, n. perfidiu, infidelitas.
falchion, u. -facinaces, -is, in.
fall, I. v.intr. cadere, deciders, delabi, de-
fiuere; to — away, desert, or abandon, deficcre,
ab alqo desciscere, alqm deserere ; to — in battle,
in acic cctdere; — by ambush or snares, per in-
sidias interfici; =^todie, mori,perirej = to be cap-
tured, aput/uari, delcri; to — out (= disagree),
dissent ire; to — on, in alqm invailere, irru&re;
to — into a person's arms, ruere in alcjs am-
plexus; to — into suspicion, suspicio cadit in
uhpn ; — to sink, delabi, desidcrc; of the wind,
cadere, eoncidere ; of the voice, cadere ; = in
price, cadere res fit vilior; — of an army, pedem
referre ; — at the feet of, se ad pedes alcjs pro-
(j)iccrs ; — in with, in alqm inculere; — in love
with, amare. II. n. 1, aisus, -ils, lapsus, -us,
ruina, labes, -is ; 2, = ruin, ruina, excidium; a
— from rank or dignity, dignitas amissa, gratia
principis amissa; 3, = the lessening of a height
or level of a fluid body, deccssus, -us, rccessus,
-us; 4, = lessening, derninutio.
fallacy, n. error, fallacia, vitium, captio.
fallacious, adj. fallax, vanus, fucosus, falsus,
vitiosus. Adv. fallaciter, J'also. fallible, adj.
qui errare potest.
fallow, adj. the field lies — , ager cessat,
quiescit, (re)qu.iescit, cultu, vacat. fallow soil,
n. novalis or novate, vervadum.
false, adj. 1,= not genuine, /a/sus(opp. verus),
subditus, supposilus ( = forged), alienus ( = under
another name, e.g. libellum sub alieno nomine
ederc), simulcitiis ( = pretended), fucatus. fucosus
( = having a fair exterior, opp. sincenCs,probv.s),
fallax(=. deceptive), mC(Uio.r( = lying); — teeth,
i dentes empti; a — note, dissonum quiddam; 2,
= treacherous, perfidus, idolosus, fraudukriu's ;
a — oathj perjurium; to swear — ,]Krjurare,
pejerare. Adv. /also, fdllaciter, simulate, per-
peram, perfide, J'raudulenter. falsehood, n.
mendacium, commentum, j'alsum. falseness,
n. fallacia, dolus, perfidia. falsify, v.tr. viti-
ate, corrumpere, ad.uUtran (e.g. nummos, ge>a-
mis), iiiterpola're', depravare, iabutys inierjvlare
( = to eras6 s'o'me letters and, substitute others).
fal
692
fat
tabulas interlinire ( = to erase or to put out
letters), falsification, n. use verb.
falter, v.intr. huesitare, hacrcre, tihtbare.
Adv. tilubunter, timide.
fame, n. laus, gloria, claritas, fnma. fam-
ous, adj. cekbratus, (prae)chirus, illustris. Adv.
(prueyhtre, bi:ne (— well).
familiar, ad,). 1, familiaris ; not us = a
bosom friend, homo intimus, homo quo alqs
intime utitur; amicus conjunctissimus ; 2, =
acquainted with, alcjs rei sciens, gnarus, non
ignarus, peritus, non expers ; — with a language,
linguam bene nosse, linguam intellegere; —
with danger, in periculis versatum esse. Adv.
familiariter. familiarity, n. familiar Has,
familiaris or intivia amicitia.
family, I, n. 1, familia (orig. = the slaves in
a house), domus, -us; 2, = race or clan, gens,
also genus and familia ( = a branch of a (tens, thus
the gens Cornelia comprised the families of the
Scipios and Lentuli), cognatio, stirps, propimqui;
of good — , nvbilis, nobili genere or nobili loco
natus, baud obscuro loco natus, honestu loco natus;
gentilis, gentilicius ( = belonging to a <7e;ts),
familiaris ( = belonging to a familia), domes-
ticus ( = belonging to the house). II, adj. pri-
vatus (opi>. to publicus), intestinus ( = in the
interior of the — (opp. to externus).
famine, n. fames, -is, inopia et fames.
famish, I. v.tr. alqm fame enccare, conftcere.
II. v.intr. fame mori, confici, absumi or peri re
or interire.
fan, I. n. 1, = an agricultural instrument,
vannvs, f. ventilabrum(Col.); 2, = a toy used by
ladies, flab'llum. II. v.tr. 1, evannarc, ventil-
are ; 2,ftabello uti.
fanatic, adj. fanaticus. fanaticism, n.
animus fanaticus, or superstilionibus dedilus.
fancy, I. n. opinio (falsa); as a faculty,
cogitatio ; a mere — , somnium; according to —
(= liking), ex libidine (lub-) ; a glowing — , fer-
vidnm ingenium, color et impel vs ; to belong to
— and not to fact, opinionis esse, non- naturae ;
— merely, falsus, fictus. II. v.tr. cogitatlone
sibi alqd depingere, in opiaione esse, opinari,
alqd finger e ; I — I am ill, cegrotare mihi oideor;
•what is fancied, opinatus ; what may be — ,
cpinabilis. fanciful, adj. 1, = imaginative,
facilis et copiosus, or sumnw ingenio praeditrus ;
2, mnrosus ( = captious). Adv. morose.
fang, n. dens, in. fanged, adj. dentatus.
fangless, adj. sine dentibus.
far, adv. procnl, long* ( = to a great distance,
e.g. long? videre, prospicire), e longinquo (=from
afar), eminus (opp. comminus) ; to be — , procul
or longe abesse; — be it ! di meliora (scil. dent) ;
so — is it that, etc., tantum abest vt ; to go too
— , modum exeedrre ; as — as, quatenus, quantum,
quod (e.g. quod suam); so — , hactenu-i ;
fetched, longe repetitus. farther, adv. longius,
idtra.
farce, n. mimus, fabvla Atcllana. farcical,
adj. mimicus, ridiculus, scurrilis. Adv. ridicule.
f~re, I. v.intr. 1, se hah' re; — well, bene,
commode, rede mitre, bene, belle se habere, bond
valetudinc uti ; 2, to — well, lavte vivere. II. n.
1, cibus potusque (potvs, -vs), victus, -us; poor
— , tenuis virtu,; good — , lautns virtus; 2, =
money paid for journey, vectura (ante, aud post
class.); 3, see Fassf,ngi:r. farewell! interj.
are! areto .' avete ! vale! vxdete! to bid — , saivere
or valb-e alqmjubcre ; a hearty — , multam salutem
alci dicere.
farinaceous, adi- farinaccus.
farm, I. n. ager, fundus, pruedium ; belong-
ing to a — , dgrarius. II, v.tr. 1, = till, arare,
cole re ; 2, = let out on contract, (e)locare (alqd
faciendum'.), opp. to conducive, farm-work,
n. aratio, opus rusticum, agricvltura, agrorum
cidtus, -us. farmer, n. 1, agricola, under; 2,
= — of the revenues, publicaivus, in gen. redemp-
tor. farming, n. 1, agricultura (or as two
words) cultus, -Us, agrorum, res rustieae; 2,
redemplio, conduct io.
farrago, n. farrago.
farrier, n. (faber ferrarius) qui equis solcas
ferreas suppingit (= one who shoes horses),
medicus equarius (late = horse-doctor).
farrow, I. n. fetus, -iis. II. v.tr. fctum
edere.
farthing, n. quadrans, teruncius ; I do not
care a — for, baud flocci facto.
fascinate, v.tr. \fascinare ( = — by the
look, e.g. agnos), ienere, cape>e(fig.). fascina-
tion, n. 1, lit. fuscinum, fascinatio (Plin.) ; 2,
fig. blanditiae, dulcedo.
fashion, I. n. mas (as custom, e.g. mos vestis),
ritiis,-us(e.g. afterthe — of men, homimmi rim),
habitus, -us, oriiatus, -us; a new — , habitus
novus ; to be in the — (of things), maris esse, usu
receptum esse. II. v.tr. see Makk. fashion-
able, adj. clegans, quod maris est. Adv. tie-
ganter.
fast, I. adj. 1, — quick, celer, citus, properui,
properans, festinans, citutus, incitatus, relax, per-
nix ( = brisk), alacer( — alive, energetic, opp. Ian-
guidus), agilis ( = in movement), promptus ( =
ready), rapidus ; 2, = fixed or firm, firmus,
stabilis ; to hold — , tcnere, retinere ; to stick — ,
adhaerere alci rei or ad alqd or in alqd re; to
make — ,firmare, stabilire. II. adv. citato gradu,
celeriter, rapide, prompte, firme, mordicus (collo-
quial). Hi, v.intr. cibo abstinere. IV. n. jeja-
■hium, inedia. fasten, v.tr. (af)figire ad alqd
or alci rei ; see Tie, Bin'p ; — together, configere,
con(ii)ectire, conjungere. fastening, n. vincu-
lum, compages, -is, f. (= fitting together), clans-
tea, -orum, pi. ( = bars), pessulus, repagula,
-orum (= bolt), faster J interj. propera !
fastidious, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus, mollis.
Adv. fastidiose, delicate, molliter.
fat, I. adj. pinguis (opp. macer), opimus (=
full, rich, opp. gracilis or sterilis, of a field), obc-
sus(= filled up. opp. gracilis), nitidus(= shining),
suginatus (= fed up), adipatus (= supplied with
gnase), lucvlentus (= productive, e.g. munus).
II. n. \_pingue,adeps,sebum(sevum); to live on the
— fif the land, delicatissimis cibis uti. fatten,
v.tr. saginare, farcire. fatted, adj. saginatut,
alplis. fatness, n. obesitus (Suet.), pingui-
tudo (ante and post class.), fatty, adj. pinguis.
fate, n. fatum, neeessitas, sors (= one's lot);
the— s, Parcae. fated, adj. t fatalis, jfatifer,
funcstus, mortiferfuB). Adv. funeste, fata or fata-
liter (= by fate), fatalism, fatalist, n. use
fatum (e.g. omnia fato fieri credere, to be a—).
fatality, n. 1, = power of fate, fatum; 2,
= accident, casus, -■fi-s.
father, I. n. pater, parens, t genitor, \sator;
— and mother, pa rentes ; the — e,patres(_= fore-
fathers, senators). II. v.tr. — upon, alqd alri,
trihu.'re. fatherhood, n. * paterniias (eccl.),
or by pater (".g. he learns it by his — , hoc cum
pater fit, turn discit). father-in-law, n. socer.
fatherless, adj. orbus. fatherly, adj.
paternus.
fathom, I. n. ulna, II. v.tr. raptor-are.
fatigue, I. li. (de)fatigatio, lassitudo, defectio
virium, II. v.tr. (de)fatigare. fatigued, adj.
fessus, (de)futigatus, defessus, lassus, lussitudinc
confectus.
fatuous, adj. futuus, ineptus, injicetus (iit-
fau
693
fern
facctus), ifisulsus. Adv. inepte, inficete, insulse,
stult'. fatuity, n. inepliae, stulti'tia, insulsitas,
futuitas (rare).
fault, n. 1, = wrong-doing, vitium, peccatum,
culpa, delictum; 2, = blame, reprchensio (opp.
probatiu), vituperatio (opp. laus) ; find — with,
accitsare, reprekendere. faultiness, n. pravitas ;
Bee Fault, 2. faultless, adj. innpeens, eme-n-
datus. Adv. innocent er, emendate, faultless
ness, i). inn.oceii.tia. faulty, adj. mendosus,
vitiosus (in gen.), pravus (morally). Adv. men-
dose, vitiose, prave.
favour, I. v.intr. alci or alci reifavere, alcjs
rebus or part Hi us favere(— to be of his party), alci
indulglre (•— to consult a person's wishes), alci
propitium esse ( — to be favourable or well-dis-
poseu, used generally of the goda),alci studere, alcjs
esse stud iosum (= to beattached to), juvare, adju-
wire (= to assist), esse alci ailjumento, afferre alci
adjumentum (= to give aid), alqm fovere, susiinere
ac fovere, gratia et auctorltate sua sustentare (= to
support with your influence), suffragari alci (=
to vote for or recommend), gratiosus alci or apud
aty»i(= e.g. to stand in favour with someone). II.
n. 1, = goodwill, favor, gratia, voluntas, studium,
benevolent m (f)eniv-) ; by your — , pace hut; 2,
= benalit, beneficium, gratia, favourable, adj.
1, = inclined to, propitius (of the gods), amicus,
benigiius; 2, = advantageous, commodus, pros-
perns; of wind or tide, secundus. Adv. amice,
benigne, commode, prospere. favourer, n. fau-
tor. favourite, I.n. deliciae( = pet); tobs a —
with, npud alqm gratia valere, gratiosum esse. II.
adj. gratiosus, gratus, acceptus. favouritism,
n. gratia (= influence) or circumloc. (e.g. he
showed his — to Gains, Gaio se nimi-s indulgen-
tern pracbuit).
fawn, I. n. hinnuleus. II. v.tr. — on, fig.
alqm adulari, alci blandiri. fawning, n.
adulatio. Adv. blande.
fealty, u. fides, fidelltas ; to swear — to, in
verba alcjs jurare.
fear, I.n. met us, -iis, timor, verecundia(o{ wha.t
is wrong), terror(= sudden fear), pavor, trepidatio
(— trembling), horror, formido, timiditas, ignavia
(= cowurdice). II. v.tr. alqmmetuere, timcre, ve-
reri(= reverence), extimescere, pertimescere. fear-
ful, adj. 1, = afraid, timidus, trepidus, ignavus,
pavidus, verecundus ; 2, = dreadful, metuendus,
dirus, horribilis, terribilis, formidulosus (for-
mido!-). Adv. timide, ignave, pavkle, verecunde,
dire, trepide, formidulose. fearless, adj. metu
vacuus OTsolutus, impavidus, intrepidus ; — as to,
securus de alqd re (e.g. bello). Adv. sine metu, sine
timore, impavide, intrepide. fearlessness, n.
see Courage.
feasible, adj. quod fieri or effici potest.
feasibility, n. potestas or fuctdtas alcjs rei
faciendae.
feast, I. n. 1, = holy day, dies festus,
dies' so'.(l)emnis, dies ferlatus, \festum; 2, =
a bountiful meal, convivium, epulum, epulac,
daps. II. v.intr. 1, lit. epulari ; 2, tig. — on,
alqd re pasci (both in good and bad sense).
feat, n. /acinus, -oris, n., factum, res mira, res
dijjicilis.
feather, I. n. penna (pinna), pluma ( =
down). II. v.tr. — one's nest, ns tuaaaugere;
one who lias — ed his nest, bene peculiatus.
feather-bed, n. euicita plumea. feathery,
adj. \phimeus, f plumosus.
feature, n. 1, of the face, lineamentum,
ductus, -iis, or habitus, -iis, os, oris ; the — s, vul-
tits, -us, os, oris, n. ; 2, = peculiarity, proprietas,
quod proprium est; it is a — of anyone, alcjs est.
febrile, adj. febricolosus.
February, n. (mensis) Februariut.
fecund, adj. feeundus. fecundate, v.tr.
i fecundarc. fecundity, n. Jtcuiulitas, fertil-
itas.
federate, federal, adj. foederatus, foedere
junctus, foedere sociatus.
fee, I. n. merces, -idis, f., honos (honor). II.
v.tr. alci mercederin dare.
feeble, adj. imbecillus, tenuis, infinnus, in-
iHtlidus, languidus, debilis ; of Bight, etc., lubes.
Adv. infirme, imbecille (rare), languide. feeble-
ness, n. imbecillitas,debilitas,injir,nitas, languor.
feed, I. v.tr. 1, cibum praebere alci, cibare
(of animals) (Col.), pabnduvi dare alci (oxen,
etc.), alere (= to nourish), pascere (= to pasture,
e.g. sues, greges) ; 2, fig. alere; 3, of rivers,
etc., in mare, etc., infiuere. II. v.intr. see Eat,
Graze, feeder, n. 1, gut ares, etc., alit ;
2, = eater, qui edit ; 3, = a river, (rivus) qui in
mare infiuit.
feel, I. v.tr. 1, physically, = touch, tungere,
tentare, alqd re affici ; 2, mentally, sentire,
percipere, concipere, intellegere, capere, alqd re
afiici; — joy, laetari ; — pain, dolere. II.
v.intr. 1, = appears (by touch, etc.), esse videri
or esse ; 2, = be, by special verb (e.g. — glad,
laetari; —thirsty, sitire; — for, alcjs misereri).
feeler, n. crinis, corniculum(P\\n.). feeling,
I. n. sensus, -iis (— sensibility), animus (mental) ;
the power or method of — , sentiendi ratio; tactus,
■ us (=the touch), gustatus, -iis( = taste), ju/licium
(— power of judging), conscientia (= conscious-
ness), affectus,-us (= the permanent condition of
— ); tender moral — , pudor ; thankful — , gratus
animus, pietas ; humane — , humanitas /joyous — ,
laetitia; — for truth, veritatis studium; —
for the beautiful, elegantia. II. adj. hunuiniis,
humanitatis plenus, multum humanitutis habens,
humanitatis sensu praeditus, miserkors. Adv.
m iserabiliter, magna cum misertcordUL
feign, v.tr. jingere, simulare, dissimulate (e.g.
that a thing is not). feigned, adj. fictus,
simulatus. Adv. fide, simulate, feint, n. Sfe
Pretence.
felicitate, v.tr. gratulari alci alqd or de
alqd re. felicitation, n. gratulatio. feli-
city, felicitousness, n. 1, vitabeata, beatum,
beate vivere ; 2, = appropriateness, proprietas.
felicitous, adj. 1, = happy, felix, beatus ; 2,
= appropriate, aptus. Adv. feliciter, beate, apte.
fell, v.tr. 1, of timber, caedere, excidire; 2,
= knock down, (con)sternlre.
fell, n. clivus ( = hill).
fell, adj. crvdelis, saevus.
fellow, n. = associate, socius, comes, -itis, m.
and f., soilalis, m. and f. ; a good — , homo fes-
tivus or lepidus ; a bad — •, homo dissolutu3 ; a
trumpery — , homuncio, homunculus. fellow-
oitizen, n. civis, municeps. fellow-coun-
tryman, n. civis. fellow-feeling, n. so-
cietas (e.g. aegritudinis, = in sorrow, etc.).
fellow-heir, n. coheres, -edis, m. and f. fel-
low-servant.n. conservus. fellow- soldier,
n. commilito. fellowship, n. sneietas ; — in
plans, societas consiliorum; collegium ( — & cor-
poration, e.g. of merchants, artisans, priests);
to take into — , alqm in collegium cooptare ;
in a university, socius (e.g. to get a — , socium
a(d)scribi): human — , societas humana, societas
hominum ; good — , comitas.
felon, n. see Criminal.
female, I. adj. muliebris, femineus fin fem.
also femina); — sex, sexus, -Us, muliebris ov
femineus. II. n. femina, mulier. feminine,
adj. 1, = Female; 2, Gram. t.t. femininus.
fen
094
fil
fen, n. terra uliginosa, loca, -orum, uliginosa
or patustria, pahts, -iidis, f., uligo. fenny, adj.
ttliginosus, palusler.
fence, I. n. saepes, -is, saepimentum, (con)-
saeptum (usu. pi.). II. v.tr. 1, = hedge in, sae-
yire, saepto circumdart ; 2, = to light in fencing,
armis uti,batuere. fencer, n. gladiator; a
g 1 — , armorum peritissimius ; to bo a good—,
armia optime uti. fencing, u. ars gladii, «-s
gladiatoria; skilled in — , armorum peritns; a
— master, laaista, m. ; — school, Indus.
ferment, I. n. 1, lit. fermentum : 2, fig.
tumor, fervor, aestus, -its. II. v.tr. * fermentare.
III. v.intr. 1, 'fermentari, fervere, 'fermentcs-
cere ; 2, fig. fervere, tumcre, turgescire.
fern, n. /i/ix.
ferocious, adj. ferox; see Fierce.
ferret, n. viverra (Plin.).
ferruginous, adj. ferrugineus (= iron-
coloured), ferratus(= holding or tasting of iron,
scil. aquae (Sen.)).
ferry, I. n. trajeetus, -us; boat, scapha;
— -man, porlitor ; the charge of — , jiortorium.
IT. v.tr. tra(J)icere, transmittere.
fertile, adj. ferox, fecundus, fertilis, opiums,
uh r (= rich), comb, iihcr et fertilis, fecundus el
uber, fetus, fertility, n. f< rtilitas, ubertas,
fecunditas, copia.
ferule, n. ferula (= a reed or staff).
fervent, fervid, adj. fervidus (= glowing,
e.g. pars mundi) ; iig. animus, ferrens (= heated,
hot, e.g. rota, aqua), ardens, flagman; to make
— , ferrefacere ; to be — , fervere. Adv. fervide,
ardenter, ferventer. fervoncy, fervour, n.
fervor (e.g. ocrnni, or tig. aetatls).
festival, n. dies festvs, die* sol(l)eiMii$, sol-
(lymue, hiiaritas. festive, adj. hilaris, festus,
festirus (ante and post class.). Adv. Uilariter,
hilare, festive, festivity, n. 1, = Festival;
9 — mirth, festivitas, Mlaritas. festoon, n.
serta, -orum.
fetch, v.tr. afferre, amportarc,adducere,arces-
&' s (= to send for), advehere; — breath, spirare,
.<_/ Iritum ducire.
fetid, adj. teter, gravcolens, foetulvs, putidus.
fetidness, n. foetor.
fetter, I. n. 1, ampes, -idis, (., pedica,
vinculum (= chain) ; 2, Og. vinculo, -'-num.
II. v.tr. 1, vinculo alci in\j)icere, aid com-
fiedes Indire; 2, fig. itnpedire.
feud, n. = enmity, simultas; bellum (=public
Avar) ; inimicitia (private), ri.ra (= quarrel).
feud, n. = property held of a lord, *fiudum
(Mediaeval Lat). feudal, adj. *feudalis.
fever, n. febrit. feverish, adj. 1, febricu-
losus (Geil.) ; 2, fig. (<-orn)motus, aniens.
few, adj. pauci, rari ; very — , perpan -i ;
sec Little.
fiat, n. see Command.
fib, n. mendaciuneulum (once in Cicero).
fibre, n. fibv. fibrous, adj. by the gen.
fib ■ .
fickle, adj. inconstant, varians, varius, Kris,
m Uabilis, comb, varius etmutabilis.mobil is (e.g.
ingenium, animus, voluntas), fickleness, n.
istaniia, levitas, mutabUitas, mobilttat, vari-
etas, fictile, adj. ficW.lt.
fiction, n. 1, (con)fictio (= the act); 2, res
frt >, orfictum, falsum, fibula, commentwn. fic-
titious, adj. commenticius ; see Fabulous.
fiddl?, n. fides, -ium, pi. fiddler, n.
fidicen.
fidelity, n. fidelitas; see Faith.
fidget, I. v.tr. see Disturb. II. v.intr.
tpiiesdre non posse, fldgetty, adj. inqnictus.
fie! interj. phui pro(K) (with nom. oraccus.).
field, n. 1, = a plain, campus; 2, = a piece
of land, ager, or pi. agri, arvum, or pi. arva ;
seges, -ctis, f. (= a sowed field); prutum (=
meadow); relating to — , agrarius; 3, fig in
relation to'.in army, to be in the — , militiue
esse (opp. domi), in cast ris esse, bellum gerere; to
take the — against, arma cape re or ferre adversus
alqm : in gen. — of history, etc., by special noun
(e.g. historin), but locus and area are used in this
sense, field-day, n. dies quo militeslustrantur,
field-piece, n. tormentnm (bellicum).
fiend, n. * diabolus (Eccl.). fiendish,
adj. * diabolicus, nefandus, foedus, immanis,
crudelis, fcrox, atrox. Adv. nefande, foede.
fi ondifihncss, n. (sumtna) ferocitas.
fierce, adj. ferox, ferus, saevus, atrox, t h •■•',
\ truculenlus, immanis. Adv. ferociler, saeve,
atrociter, immune, immaniter. fierceness, n.
ferocitas, atrocitas, saevitia, immanitas.
fiery, adj. 1, lit. igneus, f ignifer, flammeus*
ardens, fervens, fervidus; 2, fig. see Fierce,
Impetuous.
fife, n. tibia, fifer, n. tibieen.
fifteen, adj. quindecim; — apiece, quint
<' li ; — times, quindecie(n)s. fifteenth, adj.
tpiintus decimus. fifth, adj. quintus. fifty,
adj. quinquaginta ; — apiece, quinquag'eni.
fiftieth, adj. quinquagesimus.
fig, n. 1, the tree, ficus, f. ; 2, the fruit, fieus;
dried — , Cortes, Cauneae; 3, not to care a —
for, 7io;i flood facere.
fight, I. n. pugna, certamen : — with the
fist, pugilatus, -us, pugilatio. II. v.intr. (de)pug-
vare, dimicare, proeliari, digladiari, bellare.
fighter, ii. pugnator, gladiator, proeliator.
figment, n. see Fiction.
figure, I. n. 1, = form or shape, figura, forma,
species, fades, statura (= the stature), habitus,
■Ut(fiorporis, =the natural bearing, opp. cult us),
conformatio; a beautiful — , dignitas corj ri.t,
venustas; 2, = an image or representation, lit.
schema, -at is, figura, fnrmo,imago; geometrical — s,
formae geometricae, schemata gcometrica, descrip'
tiones,-um; 3, fig. a — in rhetoric,/; ffwa (Quint.);
rhetorical — s, orationis ornamenta, -orum, ver-
borum exornatvmes, -urn; 4, =a cipher, lit(t)era ;
5, = sculpture, signnm. II. v.tr. 1, = draw,
describcre; 2, = Form; 3,= Imagine, figura-
tive, adj. translatus. Adv. per translationem.
figured, adj. sigillatus (pt cups(Cic), late of
silk).
filament, n. fibra (in bodies and plants).
file, I. n. 1, lima (of smiths), scohina (of car-i
penters); 2, of soldiers, ordo ; of the rank and
Uites. II. v.tr. limarc, Hind polire.
filings, n. scobis.
filial, adj. plus (erga parentes). Adv. pie.
fill, v.tr. 1, imptere (generally), explere (= to
1111 up), complere (to make quite full), replere (=
to fill again, or merely fill), supplere (=tosupply
what is lacking), opjiere (=to fill so a.s to
cover), refercire (= to stuff), cumulate alqd alqd
re (= t<> heap up) ; 2, fig. (e.g. an office) alqd re
fungi.
fillet, n. fascia (fitsciola), rcdimiculum, mitella,
villa (round the head as an ornament), infithi
(iisecl by 1'iiests).
filly, n. equula (ecula).
film, n. 1, = thin skin, membrana; 2,=
threadJiZwm ; 3, fig. = darkness, caligo,nubet, -is.
filter, I. n. colum. II. v.tr. (per)colare\
■re.
fll
(395
fla
filth, n. 1, lit. sec Dirt ; 2, fig. impuritas;
to utter — , foeda loqui ; see Obscenity, filthy,
adj. 1, see Dirtv ; 2, impunis; see Obscene.
Adv. 1, see Dirtv ; 2, impure, filthiness, n.
squalor ; sec Filth.
fin, n. pinna (Plin.).
final, adj. iiltimus, extremits. Adv. ad ex-
tremum, denique, postremo,' quod superest, restat,
rel(l)iqunin'est.
finances, n. 1, of a private person, res fa-
Miliaria; see Income; 2, of a state, vectigalia,
■turn, aerarium (= treasury), respublica (—the
general pecuniary condition), financial, adj.
ad vectigalia or aerarium pertinens.
find, v.tr. 1, invenire, reperire; offendere (= to
fall on), deprehendere in aiqd re (= to catch) ; he
found admirers, erant or -non decrant qui cum
admirarentur ; to — out, excogitare, explorare, ex-
quirere ; 2, = to experience, experiri, or by special
verb (e.g. death, perirer; — favour, gratiam con-
ciliare). finder, n. inventor, repertor.
fine, I. adj. 1, bellus, clegans; the — arts, artes
liberates; see Beautiful; very — ! belle! pul-
chre ! benedicis! benefacis! 2,= thin, tenuis,
subtilis ; 3, = pure, pwrus ; 4, of weather,
serenus, sudus. Adv. belle, elega titer, ten u iter, sub-
tilitcr. Il.n. 1, = end, finis, in. (f. ante and post
class., and poet, in sing.); in — , denique; 2, =
penalty, multa. III. v.tr. multure, fineness,
n. 1, eleganlia ; see Beauty ; 2, tenuitas, sub-
tilitas; 3, serenitas. finery, n. lenociniumQn bad
sense), mutulitia, apparatus, -us, lautitia. fin-
esse, I. n. artificium. II. v.intr. artificiis uti.
finger, I. n. digitus (also = a measure, e.g.
quatuor diijitis longus, lotus, crassus), pollex (= the
thumb) ; to count by the — s, in digilos digerere,
digitis or per digitos numerare, digitis computare ;
to turn round your — , nihil est tractibilius illo;
to regard as the — of God, diviuitus alqd acci-
disse putare. II. v.tr. tangere.
finical, adj. putidus. Adv. putide.
finish, I. v.tr. flnlre, ad exitum adducere, ad
finem pcrducere, conficere, consummare, absolvere,
perficere. Il.n. absolutio, perfect io, Zima(=polish,
lit. = file), finished, adj. limatus (= polish-
ed), dbsolutus, perfect us. finisher, n. confector,
perfector. finishing, adj. — Final.
finite, adj. finitus (= having an end), circum-
soriptns (~ limited). Adv. finite,
fir, n. abies, -etis, {., pinus.
fire, I. n. 1, ignis, m., flamma, ardor, incen-
dium, scintillae (= sparks), focus (= fireside) ; 2,
~ conflagration, incendiutn ; to be on — , arderc,
flagrare; to waste with — and sword, ferro ignique
vastare ; to put out — , ignem reprimere, in-
cendium restinguere ; to be between two s,
lupum auribus tenere ; 3, fig. ignis, ardor; to
set a person's mind on — , vehementius incendere
alcjs animum; mental—, vis, vigor, impetus, -us,
spiritus, -us, calor, ardor, feruor, all with animi;
— of youth, juvenilis ardor; poetic — , impetus
divinus; — of discourse, vis oral ion is ; to lie
without — (of speakers), langucre, frigere; 4, =
— of soldiers, teli conjectus, wis; to stand — , sub
ictu esse ; to be out of — , extra teli conjectum esse.
II. v.tr. bicendire. III. v.intr. incendi ; he
readily fires up, natura ejus praeeeps est in iram.
fire-arms, n. tormenta, -orum. firo-brand,
n. 1, ton-is, in., fax (= torch) ; 2, fig. imitator
et fax. fire-brigade, n. exoubiae nocturnae
vigilesque adversus incendia iustituti (Suet..).
fire-engine, n. sipho(n) (Plin. Min.). fire-
escapo, n. sealae. fire-place, fire-side, n.
caminus, focus. fire-WOad, 11. lignum (usu.
pi.), fire-worshipper, n. qui ignem pro Deo
veneratur.
firm, adj. 1, firnvus, stabilis, solid us, immo-
bilis, immotus ; 2, fig. constans, Jirmus. Adv.
Jirme, sulidc, constantcr. firmness, II. firmitas,
firmitudo (e.g. vocis, animi), obstinatio, sulitlitas
(lit.), constantia, perseverantia.
first, I. adj. primus, prior (pi two), princeps
(= chief). II. Adv. primnm, primo. first-
born, n. natu major (of two), maximus (of
several). ■ first-fruits, n. primitiae. first-
ling, n. primus geaitus.
fiscal, adj. fiscalis (Jet.).
fish, I. n. piscis, in., piscatus, -iis (collec-
tively) ; — of the sea, piscis maritim us ; river — ,
p. fiui'iatilis. II. v.intr. 1, piscari ; 2, fig. — for,
capture, aucupari. fishbone, n. spina piscis.
fisher, n. piscator, piscatrix. fishery, n. mare
or flumen in quo pisces capiuntur. fishhook,
n. hamus. _ fishmonger, n. qui pisces venditat.
fishing, n.piscut us, -us; — line, linum; a — net,
rete.fnnda, jaculutn (=a casting-net); — boat,
scaphci or cymba piscatoria (small) ; — vessel, no-
vis pistiitoriu ; — rod, aru ndo piscatoria. fishy,
adj. by gen. piscium (e.g. odor, a fishy smell).
fissure, n. fissura, fissum, rima (= a leak) ;
to make a — , diffindere.
fist, n. pugnus. fisticuffs, n. pugUatus,
■us, colaphus; to give — , colaphum edci impingire.
fistula, n. fistula (Gels.).
fit, I. adj. ad alqd aptus, idoneus (= proper),
commodus, upportunus, habit is, appositus; comb.
opporluuus et idoneus, commodus et idoneus, habi-
lis et aptus. Adv. apte, commode, oiqiortuue,
apposite. II. v.intr. 1, lit. aptum esse, apte.
con venire ad or in alqd; the shoes — , calcei ad
jiedes apte conveniv.nl ; 2, fig. alci or cut alqd
upturn esse, alci rei or ad alqd accommodatuvi
esse, alci rei or cum re couvenire, alci rei or cum
alqd re congruere. III. v.tr. alqd alci rei
aptare, accommodare ; — out, (ex)oriiare, instruere.
IV. n. 1, of illness, impetus, -us, accessio (Plin.) ;
2, of anger, etc., impetus, -its, or by special word
(e.g. ira, amicitiu); by — s and starts, modo ...
modo (e.g. good by — , modo bonus, tnodo itnpro-
bus), fitness, n. habUitas, opportunists, con-
veuientia.
five, adj. quinque ; quini, -ae, -a (= five each) ;
quinquennium, a period of — years, :dsc> lustrum ;
quinto quoque anno, every — years; — times,
quinquie(n)s ; — fold, qtiineuplex, quinqueparti-
tus (=of — parts), fifth, adj. quintus, -a, -urn.
fives, n. use 2>ila (e.g. pilis ludere).
fix, v.tr. 1, alci rei or ad alqd (af)figcre;
2, = Appoint, fixed, adj. certus. Adv. in-
tent is octdis. fixture, n. res quae moveri -non
potest, fixedness, n. constantia (animi, con-
silii) ; see Fasten.
flabby, flaccid, adj. marcidus, fluidus.
flacoidity, n. resolutio (Cels., e.g. nervorum,
stomachi).
flag, I. n. = standard, signum, vexillicm; of
a ship, insigne, vexillum; a — ship, navis prat-
toria. II. v.intr. languesccre (— grow feeble),
frigere (of conversation, etc.), refrigescere (of pre-
parations, etc.). flagstaff, n. vexillum.
flag, I. n. = flat stone, quadra turn sazum.
II. v.tr. (viam) quadratic saxis stemirc or
muni re.
flagitious, adj. flagitiosus, nefarivs, foedus.
Adv. fiagitiose, nefarie, foede.
flagon, n. lagena, ampulla.
flagrant, adj. impudens, ajtertus, manifestits.
Adv. imjiudcntei; aperte, muuifestc. fiagrancy,
n. impttdeutia.
flail, ii. pertica (Plin.), orfustis, in. (Col.) (=
cudgel used in thrashing).
fla
696
flu
flake, n. of snow, use in pi. nives.
flambeau, n. fax, taeda,
flanie, I. n. 1, flamma (lit. and fig.), ignis,
m. ; 2, tig. the — of war spreads in Africa, Africa
ardet bcllo. II. v. intr. order*, flagrart. flame-
coloured, adj. flammeus, rutilus. flaming,
adj. flammeus ; — eyes, ocidi ardentes.
flank, n. latus, -his, n. (of men, beasts, a
camp, an an:..,, on both — s, ab utroque latere.
flap, I. n. lacinia. II. v.tr. alis plaudcrt.
III. v.iutr. fiuitare.
flare, v.intr. fulg?-re, splendgre.
flash, I. n. fulgur. II. v.intr. fulgurare,
fulgere, {e)micare, coruscare, splendere ; the eyes
— . ocidi scintillant.
flask, n. ampulla.
flat, I. adj. 1, planus, aequus(—e von), promts
(=on the ground); — nose, nasus simus; 2, of
wine, etc., vapidus (Col.); — bottomed bunts,
nares piano alveo ; 3, = insipid, insulins, frigid-
vs. Adv. fig. plane. II. n. ]>lanities ; — of
the hand, palma.
flatter, v.tr. alqm adulari, alci ussentari or I
blandiri. flatterer, n. adulator, assentator. j
flattering, adj. blaiulns, blandiens, jucundus,
grains (= acceptable). Adv. assentatorie, per
hlanditias. flattery, n. adulatio, assentatio,
ambitio (= effort to gain favour), blanditiae
(= smooth words, caresses, etc.); blandimen-
tum.
flatulence, n. inflatw. flatulent, adj.
use inflatio.
flaunt, I. v.intr. se ostentare; — in gold and
purple, insignem aura et purpura conspici. II.
v.tr. = to display, jactare alqd.
flavour, I. n. sapor. II. v.tr. alqd condire
alqd re.
flaw, ii. vitium. flawless, adj. emendatus,
fine culpd. Adv. emendate.
flax, n. linum, carbasus, f. flaxen, adj. 1,
= of flax, lineus; 2, = of colour, flavus.
flay, v.tr. lit. pellcm detrahire alci or alcjs
corporl, deglutere alqm (alive, vivum).
flea, n. pulex.
fledged, adj. \plumatus ; to be — , pennas
habere.
flee, I, v.intr. fugam pettre, captre, capess^re,
fuijae st mandare, se committere, in fugam se dare,
se eon(j)icere, terga vertire (of soldiers), in fugam
effundi or se effundlre ; — from, fugere ab or ex
alqoloco; — a person, alqm fugere; — to, fugd
P?tere alqd (e.g. arborem), confugere or fugam
tapessere alqo, confugere or profugere ad alqm.
II. v.tr. see Above, flight, n. fuga.
fleece, I. n. vellus, -iris, n. II. v.tr. 1, ton-
dere ; 2, — rob, expilare, spoliare. fleecy, adj.
t laniger.
fleet, I. adj. velox, vnlucer, pemix. II. n.
rlassis. fleeting, adj. fugax, caducus, flvxus.
fieetness, n. velocitas, pernicitas.
flesb, n. caro, -nis, f. (= on the body and
cooked), viscera, -um, n. (= everything under the
skin of an animal), corpus, -oris, n. (opp. ossa);
in speaking of tbe flesh of animals the Lath
omit caro (e.g. vitulina, = veal ; canina, ==doga
flesh), fleshy, adj. carnosns.
flexible, adj. 1, lentus ; 2, of character,
mollis, Jacilis. flexibility, n. <>f character,
mollitui, moHitudo, facilitas.
flicker, v.intr. volitare (of birds), fiuitare (of
thi.igs, as sails), trepidare (of flames, etc.).
flight, n. 1, fuga ; see Flee ; to put to — ,
fugare ; 2, = way of flying, lapsus, -its, volatvs,
-its; 3, of stairs, scatae. flighty, adj. volatiH),
mobilis, levis, inconstans. flightiness, 11. mo-
bilitas, levitas.
flimsy, adj. 1, = thin, tenuis; 2, = -worth-
less, inanis. riimsiness. n. 1, tmuitas; 2,
Inanitas.
flinch, v.intr. (re)cedere, retro csdere,
fling, v.tr. Jactare., mittere, jaculari, con(j)i-
cere ; — at, alci rei or in alqd in(J)icire, alqm
■ Iqd re petire.
flint, ii. silex ; heart of—, silicnis.
flippant, adj. lascieus, petulans. flip-
pancy, n. petulant.
flirt, I. v.intr. alqm. specie amorU illidre.
II. n. amator or amatrix inconstans. flirta-
tion, n. species amoris.
flit, v.intr. volitare.
flitch, n. succidia.
float, v.intr. innare, innatare, aqua sustinSri,
fluctuare, fiuitare, pendere (in the air).
flock. I. n. grex, peats, -oris, n. ; = a great
number of persons, caterva, multitude II.
v.intr. affiuere, confluere; — together, concurrire,
convolare.
flog, v.tr. verberare ; be — ged, ixtjmlare.
flogging, n. verbera, -um, verberutio.
flood, I. n. 1, as contradistinguished from
ebb, accessus, -il.s, maris (opp. recessus acstunm),
aestus commuUitia (= change of tide from the
ebb); the — (tide) rises, aestus crescit,aestus ex ullo
se iyicitat ; the — falls, aestus minuit ; 2, = over-
flow, eluvin, diluvies; 3, tig. ns(e.g. lacrimarum).
II. v.tr. 1, lit. inundare; 2, fig. alqd alqA re
annulare. flood-gate, n. 1, lit. cataracta
(or cataracles, -ae) (Plin. Mill.) ; 2, fig. vis,
impetus, -it*.
floor, n. solum, coaxatio(coass-); to make or lay
— , coaxationem facere, coaxare ; pavimentv.il , i'.
tessellatum or vermictilatum (= mosaic) ; area
(= a barn-floor) ; tabulatum, (con)tabulatio, con-
tignatio ( = a storey).
floral, adj. ^oretis.
f.orid, adj. 1, of complexion, rubicundus;
2, fig- floridus.
flounce, n. (of a woman's gown), instita,
segmenta, -ortim, pi. flounced, adj.segmentatus.
flounder, v.intr. 1, lit. rolutari, fiuitare; 2,
fig. titubare.
flour, n. farina.
flourish, I. v.intr. 1, florin, vigere ; 2, =
make a display, se jactare. II. v.tr. see
Brandish.
flout, v.tr. ludificari, cavillari, deridere, irri-
dire.
flow, I. v.intr. (as a fluid)./ii!e>p, labi, manare;
— into the sea, ejpundi in mare; — between,
interfiuire ; — past, praeterfluere ; — together,
confluere. II. n. 1, fluxio, lapsus, -us; 2, lig.
vol'ubilitas, co;>io (e.g. verborwn); 3, of the tide,
accessus, -its (opp. recessus). flowing, adj. 1,
fluens, manans; 2, — speech, (proyiuens, a>ln-
bilis. Adv. {pro)Jluenler, volubiliter.
flower, I. n. 1, flos, Jlosculus (dim.); the
goddess of — s, Flora; 2, fig. — ot life, aetas
jlorens ; = best part of, flos, robur; — of speech,
fins rerborum. II. v.intr. florere, (ef)florescire,
florea mittere. flowery, adj. 1. lit. f jlorens; 2,
fig. floridus.
fluctuate, v.intr. fluctuare (ammo) or jtitc-
tuari,pendire animi or animo (ofseveral, animix),
incertum, dubium, ancipitem esse, haesitare, dtt-
bitare, indubinesse. fluctuation, n. animus
incertws or dubius or suspensus, dubitatio.
flu
697
for
flue, n. caminus ; the — smokes, dvmus
fiimat.
fluency, n. oratio volubilis, facundia, volu-
bilitas. fluent, adj. volubilis (opp. stabilis); a
— stylo, genus orationis (proyiuens. Adv. (pro)-
flueitter, volubiliter ; to speak — , commode verba
facere.
fluid, I. n. liquor, humor, aqua. II. adj.
liquidus, jluidus, Jluens.
flummery, n. 1, — a dish, avenae puis, -tis, f. ;
2, = empty talk, gerrae, nugae, nugatoria, -orum.
flurry, n. and v.tr. ; see Excite.
flush, I. n. rubor. II, v.intr. rubor or pudor
alci suffunditur.
fluster, v.tr. pjercutere, agitare, commovi.re.
flute, n. tibia or tibiae, \arundo. flute-
player, tibiccn. fluted, adj. striatus.
flutter, I. v.intr. trepidare, volitare. II. v.tr.
agitare, commovere. III. n. trepidatio.
flux, n. ftuxio (in gen.) ; — and reflux of the
sea, marinorum acstuu/u accessus et recessus
(both -us).
fly, I. n. musca, cantharis, -idis, f. II. v.intr.
rula re, volitare; to — to, advolare ; to — in, invo-
hire ; to — out, evolare ; to — away, avolare ; to
let — , emitthe e manibus, ventis dare, flying,
adj. volatilis, volucer ; — (:= dishevelled) huir,
crines passi.
foal, I. n. pxdlus equi,pullus equinus. II.
v.tr. parere.
foam, I. n. spuma. II. v.intr. spumare,
(ex)uestuare. foamy, adj. spumans, \spumeus.
fodder, u. pabulum, pastus, -iis.
foe, u. hostis (= a public — ), inimicus (=a
private — ).
fog, n. nebula, foggy, adj. nebulosus.
foible, n. vitium.
foil, I. n. rudis. II.' v.tr. ad vanum or ad
irritum, redigere, eludere.
foist, v.tr. — on, alqd alci supponere, subdere,
sub(j)ic£re.
fold, I. n. i sinus, -its, ruga (= a wrinkle or.
small fold in plants, dresses, etc. (Plin.)). II.
v.tr. alqd (com)plicare ; to — the hands, digitos
■pectinatim inter se imjilectire (Plin.) ; with — ed
hands, compressis manibus. III. as suffix, plex
(e.g. three—, triplex). folding-doors, n.
vulvae (biforcs), fores, -ium, f.
fold, n. = — for sheep, ovile, saeptum, usu.
pi. ; = — for cattle, stabalum.
foliage, n. frons, f., or pi. frondes (=bran-
ches) ; folia, -orum (= leaves).
folk, n. see People.
follow, v.tr. 1, aUpn (cou)sequi, insequi, sub-
sequi (= very close), prosequi (= at a distance),
alqm persequi (= to follow out), comitari (=to ac-
company); he was — ed by an unusually large
company, stipatusest non usitatd frequeiitid; to
- after or succeed, alci and alci rei succedere,
alqm and alqd excipere ; — — as a successor,
succedere in alcjs locuvi; to — from, effici,
cmijici ex re (in argument, e.g. ec proposiHs effi-
citur); hence it — s, sequitur, sequitur igitur or
eniin, ex quo efficitur ; what — s? quid igitur?
thus it — s, ita fit ut, etc.; 2, — regard as a
teacher, etc., alqm or alqd sequi, auctoritate alcjs
iiwvcri, alci obtemperare (= to listen to the wishes
of), dicto alcjs audientem esse{= to — or obey his
command) ; to — an opinion, sententiam alcjs
sequi or probare ; to — your own judgment, suo
ingenio uti. following, adj. sequens, secutus ;
for the — year (e.g. in insequentem annum) ; alci
Vfoxinius. sccundits ah alqo (of persons iu a
series), futurus, ventkrus, posterus; the — day,
dies posterns ; on thJ — , postero die, postridie
[ejus diei). follower, u. = disciple, discijiu-
lus, auditor, (as)scctator, units e suis (of the fol-
lowers of a leader) ; — s of Socrates, Socratici
(and so with many other names).
folly, n. see under Fool.
foment, v.tr. 1, alqd fovere, fomenta alci ret
adhibere or udmovere ; 2, tig. sol(l)icitare, exci-
tare, fomentation, n. foinentum (Cels.). fo-
menter, n. fax, concitator, instimulator.
fond, adj. 1, = foolish, stultus ; 2, = loving,
avians, amator, cultor, studiosus alcjs rei; very
— , alcjs rei or alcjs annantissimus or studiosissi-
mus, conscctator alcjs rei (e.g. voluptatis) ; — of
literature or learning, lil(t)erarum studiosus; —
of hunting, venandi studiosus. Adv. stulte,
amanter. fondness, n. 1, siultitia ; 2, stu-
dium, amor, caritas. fondle, v. tr. blandiri alci,
(pcr)m%dcere alqm, amplexari el osculari alqm.
fondling, n. blanditiae.
food, 11. cibus, esca, cibaria, -orum (= what-
ever may be eaten by men or beasts), edulia,
■ ium (= eatables), aliment um (or in pi., esp. in
pouts); penus, -us or -i, in. and f., and -oris, n.
(— supplies of food) ; to digest — , cibum conficere, .
concoquere ; a food-shop, popina ; of animals,
pabulum, paslus, -us.
fool, I. n. homo stultus, faluus, sannio ( — a
maker of grimaces) ; to put a — 's cap on a
person, ludibrio hablre ; to play the — , nugari,
ineptire, desipere. II. v.tr. alqm ludire. fool-
ery, n. ineptiac, nugae. fool-hardy, adj.
temerarius ; see Rash, foolish, adj. stultus,
stolidus (— silly), ineptus (— one who acts out
of place and time and reason), insulsus (= wit-
less), demens (= one who lias lost his head),
fatuus. Adv. stulte, stolide, ineple, insulse. folly,
n. stultitia (= stupidity, a foolish act), fatuitas
(= silliness), insipientia (= want of prudence),
amentia (— unreason), dementia (= loss of
faculty), stulte factum (as an act).
foot, I. n. 1, = member of the body, pes,
pedis, m. ; to go on — , pedibus ire, venire, iter
facire ; to serve on — , pedibus mcrcrt, or stiptn-
dia facere ; to tread under — , pedibus alqm
conculcare, proculcare ; — by — , pedelentim,
gradalim ( — step by step) ; 2, — the lowest
part, pes (of articles of furniture), or by traits,
infimus with n. (e.g. infimus mons); radix (e.g.
montis) ; the town lies at the — of the moun-
tain, urbs monii subjecta est; 3, = a measure,
yes ; a — iu size, pedalis (in longitudinem, in
altiludinem),pedembongus; half a — , semijJcdalis;
oueandahalf — ,sesquipedalis; two — , bipedalis;
three — , tripedalis ; five — deep, quinque pedes
altus ; 4, (in versification) pes. II. v.intr.
see Tread, Dance. III. adj. pedester ; —
soldier, pedes, -itis. footing, u. = way or
manner, modus, ratio, status, -iis; to place an
army on the — of the Roman, exercitum ad
liomanae disciplinae formam redigire; to place
on the old — , ad antiquum morem revocare; to
be on a very friendly — with, valde familiariter
alqo uti. footman, n. pcdis(s)equus. foot-
pad, ii. latro. foot-path, n. semita, trames,
■itis, in., callis. foot-print, n. vestigium,
footstool, n. scamnum, scabellum.
fop, n. homo ineptus, homuncio. foppery,
n. ineptiac ( = absurdities).
for, I. prep. 1 = in behalf of, in return fur,
pro (with the ablative) ; dimicare pro legibus (so
pro libertate, pro putrid), = to fight — the laws ;
Cutocstmihiunuspromultismilibus, = Cat o alone
is to me — ( = as good ns) many thousands : httie
Me pro meritit gratiam retulit, = he returned hill)
thanks ^ llis i^erts ; 2, = as, alqm r'ri<m &.£)»
for
698
for
(turn habere, = to bold him — a good man (so vir
bonus habetur); " for "and " as" in such phrases
do nut appear in Latin (e.g. dux elect us est, =. he
was chosen — (as! general); yet, pro uihllo
i,= to think nothing of; 3, for" denoting
value, by tlic genitive of Indefinite price ami
tin' ablative of the definite (e.g. 'iitaitti etnisti!
— how much did you buy it?; viginti assibut,
= — twenty pence) ; 4, = by reason of, prac
with abL, propter with arc, to die — fear, pro*
tnetu mori; — this reason, propter hoc; 5, of
time, in with accus., — the next day, in postc-
ruiu diem ; — daring, accus., he had been away
— a year, annum jam abcrat, or by per with
;i eus. ; 6, expressing purpose, ad with accu: .,
money — building a bridge, yicunia ad pun n
■ Hi data; to live — the day, Indian
■ ; 7, to watch or consult — , alci consulert;
love — , amor alcjs or erga alipn; means or
rei ly — , remedittm adversus alqd, or the geni-
tive alone, as, care — you, vestri cant ; — , as
denoting according t<>, pro sua quisque parte,
/» a virions ( = according to your strength) ; ac-
cording to your wisdom, quae lua est prudent ia,
OTOudesprudetUid; — the present, in praesens;
to live — yourself (that is, your own interests),
mslbi vtvere. II. conj. nam(que), enim (cm-lit.),
etenim, ipiippe, quod, c?«rt(with subj.), quoniam,,
quia; see Because, Forasmuch, For 1., 2.
forage, I. n. pabulum. II. v.tr. pabxu-
hu-; ; to send soldiers to — , pabulatum or pubu-
■)i milites mittire. forager, n. pa-
foraging, n. pabulatio.
forbear, v.tr. 1,= to abstain, setenere, se con-
tinirt, se eohibert, (se) alqd re abstinere, alci <
purcire; 2, — to endure patiently, pa&ientiA uti,
paticntiam adhibSre <dci rei, paiientt r alqut aequo
ttttimo firre, patlacferre, pati ac } erferre, perferre
pallqut alqd. forbearance, n. abstinentia,
continent ia, paHentla. forbearing, adj. ah-
stinent, continent, temptratus.
forbid, v.tr. vetare (with accus. and inf.),
biterdioire alci alqd re (or with ne); to— one.
your house, interdicire alci domo tud; it is
— den, retitum est, non licet.
force, I. n. vis, violeviia, impetus, -»>-, momen-
tum; to use — , vim facere, vim adkibere. II.
vt i. I impel. forcible, adj. I, = by
forco, ]"•>■ vim; 2, = physically strong, validus,
nercosut ; 3, = morally strong, energetic, gravis,
rehemens. Adv. w, r , ,■ rim, valxde, nervose,
ntcr.
forcemeat, n. huieia (Van-.).
ford, n. vadum,
fore, adv. ante, antca. forearm, I. n.
brachium. II. V.tr. see WARS, PREPARE ; to
be — ed, praecavSre. forebode, y.lntr. and
tr. 1, portendire, praesagirt; 2, = have, a
tresentfment of, praesagirt, praesenlire. forc-
oding, n. praetentlo. forecast, v.tr. (ani-
mo) praevidere, providers, prospicire. fore-
father, n. pro&vus;'p\. priores, majores, j"
forefinger, n. digitus in<i>-r. forogo, v.tr.
(co alqd forehead, n. front, -ntis, f.
foreknow, v.tr. praenotcere. foreknow
lcdge, n. by providlrt, foreland, u. pro-
montorium. foreman, n. procurator, fore-
mast, u. malut anterior. foromoat, .'I'll.
forenoon, n. diss antemtridia-
mi*. forerunner, n. praennntius. fore-
Bee, v.tr. praevidcre, providire, prosp
foresight, n. providentia, prospicientia.
forestall, v.tr. see Anticipate.
foretell, v.tr. prai Metre, forethought, n.
Idenlia ; by — , concu.lto; tu do — , alqd con-
snito or meditatvM or praeparatu m facere, fore-
Vfirn, v.tr. i
foreign, adj. ptregrhvns, extern.ua, borbarus,
ad cent ictus ; — to, (ab) alqd re, or alci rei
alienus; — to each other, res sibi repugnantes.
foreigner, n. peregrinus, alienlgena, m. and f.,
advena, in. and f . ( = new settler).
forensic, adj. forensis.
forest, u. silva, saltus, -us (wild and on
hills).
forfeit, I. v.tr. amitUre, alqd re multarii
II. ii, poena, multa, damnum.
forge, v.tr. 1, = to form, fundi' re ( = tt< beat,
e.g. J'errum), procudcre (e.g. gladium), fabricari
(e.g. fnlmi no, fallaciam),fingere (e.g. fallacias),
2, = tofalsify, — documents, tabulas corrumpire,
Hare, interpolare, (= — parts in a document)
sub(j)icert ; of money, cudere. forger, n.
subjectof (of wills, etc.), qui nnmmns adulterines
cudit ; forged coin, numuius adulterimtS. for-
gery, n. subject io (— — of wills, etc.). For —
of money, use verb.
forget, v.tr. alcjs rei or alqd obllvisci, neg-
legeretyieglig-), neglegenl'ul pnielei'ire ; I have for-
gotten, alqdfugit me, alqd e memoria excess it ; to
be forgot (■ n, e memorid excidcre ; to — yourself,
sul oblicisci ; to — your dignity, dignitatis suae
immemorem esse, forgetful, adj. obliviosus,
immemor. forgetfulness, n. oblivio.
forgive, v.tr. alqd alci ignoscire, veniam
dare alcjs rei ( = to give mercy instead of
justice), gratiam facere ahjs rei, alqd alci
concedcre, condonare, alci IndulgSre. forgive-
ness, ii. venia, poenae (meritae) remissio. for-
giving, adj. facilU, clement, exorabilis.
fork, n. furca, furcilla (used in making hay;
forks lor eating wore unknown), forked, adj.
bifurcus.
forlorn, adj. sue dejectut, relictus, destitutus.
form, I. n. 1, figura, forma, fades; of a
line — , jormosut, dignitatt corporis praeditusov
insignis; human — , species humana ; things
have taken a new — , magna rerum commutatio
facta est ; 2, see Formula ; 3, — bench, scam-
num. ; 4, = appearances, for — 's sake, dicis
caus\s)d. 11. v.tr. 1, = to give — to, flngere,
Jigurare, formare, fabricari, facere, efflcen ; to —
intellectually and morally, fingcre, (ex)coVSre,
'ire, instituert; 2, — — tuoops, instrucre,
ordinate ; 3, = — plans, etc., (consuia) inire ; -
friendship, amicitiam CHttl alqo ConjungSre. III.
v. i nt r. 1, — constitute, txalqa re consistSre ; 2. of
troops, se tx\ licare. formal, adj. =forthesake
of appearances, dicis caus(s)&; — artificial, i"i/(-
positus, ' : [ '' . stmulatus; = stiff (of man-
in is), urbanvs ac perpolitns. Adv. rite ( =
duly), composite, urbane, formality, n. 1, see
Ceremony; 2, of manners, mores perpolitiae.
formation, n. 1, as act, conformatlo ; 2, =
l'ni in, conformatio, forma, formless, adj. iii-
formis, rudis. formula, n. formula, verba,
-orum.
former, adj. jirfor, pristinus (= ancient),
Bi«;>crtor (e.g. annus); the. — , the hitter, hie
... iltr, or tile ... /n'c Adv. antca, olim, quon-
■In 0.
formidable, adj. metitendus, tii>"'n<in,<, hor-
rendu.-, to rlbllls, form \duloms(formidoU). Adv.
formidulo t, U \ i IbUt m ()i m* dum.
fornication, n. stupnm.
forsake, v.tr. (de) ellnqut e, deserere, desti-
tute, comb. d( erin <t rei in quire, dettitu&re tt
relinq
forsooth! Interj. scilicet (iron.), sane.
forswear, v.tr. 1, = to deny on oath, ad-
jurare, ejurare ( = t.. re '•■■); 2. = to sweftl
">■■'. i
for
699
fre
fort, n. locus munitus, arx, castellum, castrum.
fortification, u. vumitio, munitiones, muni-
.inenta, -orum, opera, -um( = works), fortify,
'v.tr. (com)munire, praemunire, operibus munire,
Muaitionibusfirmare, muris munire, valloet fossa
circumdarc locum, vallum ct fossam circumdarc
alci loco.
forth, adv. 1, of place, foras; in combina-
tion it is expressed by e, ex, and pro, with the
several verbs (e.g. to bring — , tfferre; to cast
■ — ; i(j)icere; to go — , exire ; to lead — , educire,
producerc) ; 2, of time, inde. forthcoming,
adj. by fut. (e.g. — book, liber quern alqs_ cditurus
est); to be — , in eo esse ut. forthwith, adv.
extemplo, statim, confestim, protinus.
fortitude, n. fortitudo, animus forlis, virtus,
-utis, f.
fortune, u. 1, fortuna, fors, casus, -us;
•changeful — , fortunae vicissitudines, varietates
temporum, comb, temporum varietates fortunaeque
vicissitiuli)tes, casus vara ; to be content with
your — , sorte sud contentum vivlre ; the goddess
'of—, Fortuna ; 2,=wealth, divitiae, resfamiliaris,
facult.'.tcs, opes, pecuniae, bona, -orum, fortunae.
fortune-teller, n. tortilegus,' (h)ariolus; a
.female — , saua. fortuitous, adj. forluitus,
incasu posit us, forte obkitus. Adv. forte, fortuito,
casu. fortunate, adj. /eZfx, fortuiMtus, pros-
perous), secutulus; — condition, res secumlae.
Adv. jii idler, fortunate, prospere.
. forty, adj. quadraginta, quadrageni (=■ —
each), quadragesie(n)s ( = — times).
forum, n. forum.
forward, I. adv. porro ; to go — , pergere.
II. v.tr. 1, = send on, perjerendum curare
(e.g. lit{t)!ras perferendas curavit) ; 2,= help,
(ad)juvare, alci adjumento esse. III. adj.
1, = early, praecox ; 2, = rude, protcrvus, inur-
banus.
■ foss, n. fossa (incilis), incite, fossil, n.
fessilia, -ium.
foster, v.tr. curare, nutrire, suslincre, alcre.
foster-brother, n. collacteus Gate), foster-
child, n. alumnus, alumna, foster-father,
n. nutriciius. foster-sister, u. collactea
(Juv.).
fpul, adj. putidus, 2)utridus, foetidus (= stink-
ing), foedus, turpis (= morally foul), obscenus
(= impure), immundus (— dirty), foul-play,
n. dolus malus. : Adv. putide, foede, turpiter.
foulness, a. foeditas, obscenitas.
found, v.tr. 1, fundamentum alcjs rei jacere
or ponere, fundamenta locare, condcre, instituere,
■ constituere, civitatem fuwlitus tollere ; 2, lig. to
be founded on, niti alqd re or in alyd re, also
niti fundamento alcjs rei, poslium esse in altjd
re; = cast, fundirc. foundation, \\.<funda-
.inenta, -orum, sedes, -is ; — (of a pillar), basis.
founder, I. n. conditor, auctor. II. v.intr.
submergi. foundling, n. Infans expositus,
expositicius.
fount, or fountain, n. 1, lit. fbns (= the
place and the water), caput (=the spring); 2,
tig. fo>is, caput, principium, comb, fons ct caput*,
principium et fon*, origo, caus\syi (= the
primary cause), comb. caus\s)a atquefons.
four, adj. quat(t)uor, quatcrni (=— each);
— or five, quat(t)uor (aut) quinque ; — years old,
quadrimus; a period of — years, quadriennium;
every — years, quarto quoque aymo ; going on —
feet, quadrupes; — fold, quadnqilex; — times
as much, quadruplum; — times, quater. four-
teen, adj. quat(t)uordecim, quaterni deni (distri-
butively); — times, quater decics. fourteenth,
adj. quartus decimus. fourth, I. adj. quartus,
•Uf -vm ; every — , quartus quisque ; the — time,
quartam ; in the — place, quarto. II. n.
quudrans.
fowl, n. 1, avis, volucris, ales, -itis, m. aud f.;
2, = a hen, gallinu; flesh of — , (caro)gallinacea.
fowler, n. auccps. fowling, n. aucupium.
fox, n. 1, vulpes, -is, f . ; of a — , vulpinus ; 2,
lig. = a cunning man, homo versulus or calUdus.
fraction, n. pars, fractious, adj. morostts.
Adv. morose, fractiousness, n. morositas.
fracture, I. n. med. t.t. fractura (Cels.). II.
v.tr. frangere*
fragile, adj. fragUls. fragility, u. fro-
gilitas. fragment, n.fragmeutum, re(T)liquiae
(= remains); — s of the plays of Menander,
irunca quaedam ex Menandro (Gell.). frag-
mentary, adj. fractus.
fragrance, n. odor suavis, suaveolentia.
fragrant, adj. suavis, t suaveolens, t odorifer,
t odoratus, t odorosus.
frail, adj. inftrmus, debilis, imbccillus.
frailty, n. injirmitas, imbecillitas (lit. and
lig-)-
Irame, I. n. 1, of a window, picture, etc.,
forma (Plin.) ; 2, = body, corpus, -oris; 3, = —
of mind, animus. II. v.tr. 1, = put into a
frame, in formd includire ; 2, = compose, com-
ponere; 3, see Make, framework, n. corn-
pages, -is, contignatio.
Franoe, n. Gallia. French, adj. Gallicus.
franchise, n. civitas, jus, juris, n., suffra-
gium.
frank, adj. sincerus, apertus, simplex. Adv.
sincere, candide, apertc, simpliciter. frank-
ness, n. sinceritas, simplicitas.
frankincense, n. t(h)us, t(h)uris, n.
frantic, adj. insanus, delirus, fanaticus,
aniens, demens. Adv. insane.
fraternal, adj. fraternus. Adv. fraterne.
fraternity, n. i, fraternitas, necessiludo fra-
terna, germanitas; 2, = society, sodalilas, soda-
litium, collegium, corpus, -oris, fraternize,
v.intr. amicitid inter se conjungi.
fratricide, n. 1, = the murder of a brother,
parricidium fraternum; 2, =the murderer of a
brother, fratridda, m.
fraud, n. fraus, dolus (malus), circumscriptio,
fallacia ; comb, doli atque fallaciae ; to devise —
against anyone, dolum alci struere, nectcre, con-
fittgere, fraude alqm tentare, fallaciam in ulqm
intendere. fraudulent, adj. fraudulentus, qui
tot us ex fraude etfallaciis constat (opp. homo sine
fuco et fallaciis), dolosus. Adv. dolo malo, dolose,
fraudulenter, contra (jus ac)fidem.
fraught, adj. alqd re refertus, repletus, one-
rat us.
fray, n. pugna.
freak, n. see Caprice.
freckle, n. lenticula, lentigo (Plin.).
freckled, adj. lentiginostis (Val. Max.).
free, I. adj. 1, = — from burdens, etc., liber,
solutns; vacuus (a) re, expers rei; from taxes,
immunis ; from guilt, innocens ; from mili-
tary service, immunis militid; from danger,
tutus ; from care, securus ; to make — , liberare ;
to — from guilt, absolvere alqm; to be — from,
alqd re carcre ; 2, = not subject to, liber; 3,
= not restricted, as in space, patens, apertus ;
4, = without cost, gratuitus; to have a —
dwelling, grati(i)s habitare; 5, = — to do or to
act, liber, solutus ; I am — to say, audeo dicere ;
6, = generous, largus, munifieus, liberalis. Adv.
libere, solute, luto, secure, aperte, grati(i)s, gratuito,
large, munijice, liberaliter. II. v.tr. alqm alqd
re liberare, eximlre,- solvere, expedire, manumit-
fre
700
fro
tire (of a slave) ; to make — with, 1, = to in-
dulge in, alci rei indulgere ; 2, = to treat disre-
spectfully, alqo parum honorifice uti. free-
agent,)), qui sui juris est. freebooter, n.latro.
free-born, adj. ingenuus. freedman,n. liber-
tus, libertinus. freedom, n. 1, = — from limits,
vacuitas, vacatio ; from business, otium; from
taxes, immunitas; from punishment, impunitas;
2, = independence, libertas ; to give — , liberta-
tem alci dare, in libertatem alqm vindicate; —
from slavery, alqm manumittere ; — from prison,
e custodid emittere; to restore — , libertatem alci
reddire ; to restore yourself to — , e vinculis
se expcdire ; moral — , arbitrium (liberum) ; 3,
= rights or privileges, jus, juris, n., privilegium,
benejicium ; 4, = license, licentia ; to take — ,
licenliam sibi sumere, audere ; to take great — ,
multa sibi sumere ; = great license, licentia,
arrogantia, procacitas. free-hearted, adj.
see Generous, freehold, n. praedium liberum
or immune, freeholder, n. qui praed. lib.
habel, or simply possessor, free-liver, n. qui
licentius agit. free-living, n. licentia. free-
man, n. civis, homo librr. free-speech, n.
sermo liberior. free - r hinking, adj. see
Sceptical, free-will, n. voluntas; to have
— , sponte sua agere.
freeze, I. v.tr. gloriar*, urere. II. v.intr.
gelare, gelari (Plin., etc.) ; it -s, gelat ; = to feel
cold, frigere, algere. frozen, adj. \rigidus; to
be — , rigere.
freight, I. n. onus, -iris, n. II, v.tr. onerare.
freighted, adj. onustus.
frenzy, n. vesania, delirium, furor, amentia,
dementia.
frequent, adj. frequens (= many present,
e.g., frequens senatus), creber (= thickly filled,
opp. rarus), multus (= many), celeber (= nu-
merous). Adv. frequenter, crebro, saepe. II.
v.tr. celebrare, frequentare, in a'.qo loco versari.
frequency, n. fiequentia, crebritas, cdebritas.
frequented, adj. frequens, celeber, tritus (=
well trodden).
fresh, adj. 1, = cool, frigidus ; 2, — recent,
recens, novus ; — sod, caespes vivus ; 3,= un-
used, and therefore vigorous, recens, integer,
viridis, comb, recens integerque, venetus, alacer,
vivus; a — complexion, nitidus color. Adv.
use frigidus (frigide not in this sense), re-
ecnter (ante and post class.), move, integre,
vegete. freshen, v.tr. refngerare (— to cool),
re.-reare, reficere (= to revive), relaxare, inte-
grare. freshness, n. viriditas ae vigour, use
novus, with n. = novelty (e.g. the — of a book,
liber novus).
fret, I. v.tr. 1, rub, fricare, terete ; 2, = wear
away, alterire ; 3, fig. sol(l)icitare, vexare, angtre.
II. v.intr. alqd aegre ferre, angi, dolcre ; see
Grieve. Ill, n. molestia (or pi.), anger, vexatio.
fretful, adj. morosus, stomachosus (rare). Adv.
morose, stamachose. fretfulnesa, n. morositas.
fricassee, n. sartago (Pers.).
friction, n. tritus.
Friday, n. * dies Veneris.
friend, n. amicus, arnica, sodalis (= compan-
ion), necessarius (= relation), familiaris (= inti-
mate), studiosus, amans, amalor alcjs ; my — I
bone .' sodes .' to be a — (patron) to, alcjs fuutorem
esse, alci favere or bene velle ; those who are — s to
a cause, etc., qui stant ab or cum alqo. friend-
less, adj. sine amicis, amicorum expers or inops.
friendly, I. adj. amicus, benevolus, humanus,
bcnignus, comis, urbanus. II. Adv. comiter, aviice,
benigne, urbane, friendliness, n. comitas, hu-
manitas, benignitas, benevolentia(beniv-), affabili-
las, urbanitas. friendship, n. amicitia, necessi-
tudo, conjunetio, familiar Has : to form a — , ami-
citiam cum alqo facere, {con)jungere, imtituere,
conciliare, inire, sibi parare, ad am. alcjs se con-
ferre. seapplicare, se adjungire, amicitia alqm sibi
coajungcre.
frieze, ii. 1, in architecture, zovphcrus ; 2,
= rough cloth, gausapa (gausapes, gausape, or
gintsapum).
fright, n. terror, pavor ; to take — , pavescere,
frighten, v.tr. alqm (cx)Urrcre, terrorem aid
afferrc, inj'erre, offerre, in(J)iccre, incutire, alqm
in te.rr. con(j)ic£rc. frightful, adj. terribilis,
horribilis, focdus (= disgusting), horrendus, hor-
rificus, ingens, immanis. Adv. terribilem in
modum,focdc, immane, immaniler. frightened,
adj. terrore perculsus, territus, exterritus, trepi-
dus (= afraid, trembling).
frigid, adj. frigidus; see Cold.
frill, n. segmenta, -orum (but this = flounce).
fringe, n. fimbriae, limbus.
frisk, v.intr. salire, lascivire. frisky, adj.
lasdvus. Adv. lasdve. friskiness, n. lascivia.
frith, n. fretum.
fritter, I. v.tr. e.g. to — away time, tern-
pus {con)terere; property, dissipare. II. n.
laganum.
frivolous, adj. nugax, levis, inanis, frivolus.
Adv. maximd cum levitate, frivolousness,
frivolity, n. nugae, levitas.
fro, adv., e.g. to and — , hue (e() illuc, ultro
citro(que).
frock, u. see Gowx.
frog, n. rana ; a small — , ranunculus.
frolic, I. n. ludus etjocus, lascivia. II. v.tr.
joca agere, lasdvire, ludire; to — with, cum alqo
jocari, joco uti, joculari. frolicsome, adj.
hilaris (hilarus), jocularis, lascivus, ludibundus.
from, prep. 1, = denoting severance and dis-
tance, is expressed by a, ab ; the force sometimes
being increased by procul ; decedcreabalqo, = to
depart from ; absunt a Dyrrachio, = they are far
from Dyrrachium ; conscia mihi surname culpam
hanc esse proart, = I know that this fault is far
from me. " From," denoting the place out
of which, by e, ex (e.g. ex urbe venit). " From,"
denoting order, by a ; quartus ab Arcesila,
= the fourtli from Arcesilas ; with towns and
small islands abl. alone, so rure, domo ; 2, =
aversion, alieno a te animo fuit, = his mind was
hostile to (from) you ; = transference, yermaiitij
tiadire, = from hand to hand. A, ab, denotes the
beginning, e.g. abfundamento interire, = to perish
from the foundation, and has ad for its anti-
thesis, e.g. « minima ad maximum, = from the
least to the greatest ; 3, = of time, a, ab, e.g.
ubhordtertid bibebatur, — they drank from three
o'clock ; the force is increased by jam. inde,
etc., jam indeab adolescentia, = from youth up ;
a puero, = from boyhood ; a mane ud noctenh,
— from morning to night ; ab incenso Capitolio,
= from the burning of the Capitol ; ab urbe
conditd, = from the foundation of the city ;
4, denoting a cause or source, is expressed by
a, de, or ex ; e.g. disccre a patre, perire a
peste, plaga ab amico, = a snare from a friend ;
certe scio me ab singulari amove ac bcnevolentid
tibi scribere, = I well know that I write to
thee from singular love and good-will ; a metu,
from fear ; ex ird, from anger.
front, I. n. frons, -ntis, f. ; in — of the camp,
pro castris; to place the troops in — , cipias in
fronte constituere ; to attack in — , hostes ndrersos
aggrcdi. II. adj. prior, anticus, opp. to posticus.
III. v.tr. 1, = to look towards, alqm a(d)s),cctare;
2, w to oppose, alci adversari-. frontage, p.
fro
?01
fut
frotls. frontispieoe, n. libri prima tabula.
fronting, adj. alci (rei) adversus, oppositus.
frontier, n. confinium. frontlet, n. fronta-
lia, -itim.
frost, n. frlgue, -oris, n., geht, pruina.
frosty, adj. frigidu3 (lit. and fig.).
froth, I. n. spuma. II. v.intr. spumare.
frothy, adj. f spumoeus.
froward, adj. contumax, pertinajc, pervicax.
Adv. contumaciter, pertinaciter. froward-
ness, n. contumacia, pertinacia, pervicacia.
frown, I. i). frontis or supercilwrum con-
tradio. II, v.intr. frontem contrahire, vultum
adducere.
frowsy, adj. sordidus, immundus.
fructify, v.ti'. see Fertilize.
frugal, adj. parens, restrlclus (opp. largus),
comb, parens et restrictus (in housewifery, opp.
neglege.ns), frugi (indecl., comp. frugalior, sup.
frugalissimus), comb, homo frugi et diligens.
Adv. parce, frugaliter. frugality, n. parsi-
monia, frugalitas, diligentia.
fruit, n. 1,/ructus, -us,fruges, -?<m( = frait
collectively), fetus, -«s(=fruit,usu. as produced
by generation), pomum ( = tree-fruit), l>aca ( —
berry) ; to bear — , fructum ferre or r&idere ; to
bear no — , sterilem esse ; 2, fig. — good and bad
results, fruges, fructus, commoda, -orum, merces,
-edis, pretium ( = reward). fruitful, adj.
ferax, focundus, fertilis, opimus ( = rich, rank),
uber, fructuosus, ifrugifer, \fructifer, t pomifcr.
Adv. fecande, utiliter{ — profitably), fruitful-
, ness, n. fertilitas, ubertas. fruition, n. usus,
-txs,fructas, -us. fruitless, adj. iuutilis, steri-
lie, cassus, irritus. Adv. incassum, frustra, ne-
qui(c)quam,ad irritum, re Infectd. fruit-tree,
n. pomum, pomus, f.
frustrate, v.tr. ad vanum or ad irritum or
ad vanum et irritum redigere, frustrari (rather in
sense of deceive); to be frustrated, irritum fieri,
ad irritum cadere or recidcre or venire; — a
hope, spemfullere. frustration, II. frustratio.
fry, I. n. 1, of fish, examen, fetus, -fis ; 2, of
men, common — , p!ebs, plebecula. II. v.tr.
assare, frigcre. frying - pan, n. sartago
(Juv.), frixorium (Plin.); out of the — into
the fire, ne praeter casam, ut aiunt, or de fumo
nd fiammam.
. fudge! interj. gerrae! nugas !
fuel, n. lignum (or pi.).
fugitive, I. ndj. fugiens, fugax. II. n. domo
or patrid prufugus, fugitivus, extorris.
full, I. adj. aicjs rei or alqd re plenus, a!qd re
completus, opptctus, confertus, refertus, abundansor
affluens, frequens( — well attended, e.g. theatrum,
senatus); to go with— sails, passis veils vehi; at
— pace, gradu plena ; a — year, annus solidus,
integer or totus. Adv. plene ; see Altogether,
Quite; = copiously (of speech, etc.), copiose,
latins, fuse, abundanter, uberius. II. v.tr. of
cloth, durare, curare, full-blown, adj. 1, lit.
apertns ; 2, fig., superbus, tumidus. full-
grown, adj. adllttvs, pubes (puber). full-
moon, n. luna plena, fulness, n. = abund-
ance, ubertas, copia. fulfil, v.tr. conjlccre, effi-
cere, ad effect urn adducere, exsequi, persequi, pcra-
give, patrarc, perpetrare (e.g. facinus), consum-
mare ( = t<> finish), alqd re fungi (— — an office).
fulfilment, n. confectio.
fuller, ii. fidlo (Plin.); — 's earth, creta
fitllonica (Plin.).
fulminate, v.tr. 1, ifulminare ( = to hurl
thunderbolts and to cast down by) ; 2, fig. minas
jactare. fulmination, n. minae.
fulsome, adj. putidus ; — flattery, nivria,
adulatio. Adv. putide, fulsomenees, n. mo-
lestia, nimia adulatio.
fumble, v.intr. see Feel.
fume, I. n. fumus, vapor, faetor ( = bad
smell), halitus, -He. II. v.intr. (cx)aestuare.
fumigate, v.tr. suffumigare.
fan, n. jocus, ludus. funny, adj. ridiadvs.
Adv. ridicule.
function, n. munue, -h-is, a., afftcium,
mugistratus, -Us, procuratio,
fund, n. 1, jiecunia ; 2, fig. by some special
noun (e.g. — of knowledge, doctrina). funda-
mental, adj. primus, principalis. Adv. fund'
itus, penitus. fundamentals, n. elementa,
■crrum, principia, -orum.
funeral, I. n. fu nus, -eris, n. , exsequ iac, pompu
funcris or pompa (= the procession), justa, -mum,
justafuiicbrlai — the last tribute), sepxdtura ( — .
interment). II. adj. funcbris, ffunereus; —pile,
rogus, pyra. funereal, adj. funebris, luguoris.
fungus, n. fungus, agaricon (Plin.). fun-
gous, adj. fungosus (Plin.).
funnel, n. infu(n)dibulum, cornu.
fur, n. pellis. furry, adj. vellosus. furrier,
n. pellio.
furbelow, n. insiita.
furbish, v.tr. interpolate, expolire.
furl, v.tr. vela legere.
fur'eng, n. stadium.
furlough, n. commeatus, -us; to give — , alci
commeatum dare ; on — , in com meat u esse.
furnace, u. foruax.
furnish, v.tr. 1, = to provide with, alqm
alqd re instruire, ornarc ; 2, = to supply,
suppeditare, praebere ; 3, = to fit up (as a house,
with furniture), instruire, exornare et instruire,
furnished, adj. alqd re instructus, praedilus.
furniture, n. of a house, supellex, -lectllis, f.,
apparatus, -us.
furrow, I. n. sulcus. II. v.tr. sulcos facire,
agcre, ducire, sulcare.
further, I. adj. ulterior. II. adv. 1, ulteri-
us, amplius; 2, = in fut. porro, posthac; 3,=
yet more, praeterea, ad hoc, jam, aidem, ac-
cedit (quod), hue accedit quoil, addendum eodem
est quod, ad(j)ice quod; what—? quid vis am-
plius? quid porro t III. interj. perge ! pergite!
pergamus! IV. v.tr. alqm or alqd (ad)juvare,
alci or alci rei consulere. furtheranc?, n.
auxilium. furtherer, n. adjutor. furthest,
adj. idtimus.
furtive, adj. furtivus. Adv. furtim, furtive.
fury, n. furor, rabies; a — , Furia, Brinnye.
furious, adj. rabidus, furioms, fvrens, fnri-
bundus. Adv. rabide, furiose, furenter.
furze, n. ulex (Plin.).
fuse, v.tr. liquefacire, fundcre. fusible,
adj. fusilis. fusion, n. fusio ( = outpouring).
fuss, I. n. tumultus, -iis. II. v.intr. tumultu-
ari. fussy, adj. curiosus.
fustian, n. gausapa or gausapes.
fusty, adj. see Mouldy.
futile, adj. futilis, inanis, vanus. futility,
n. futilitas, iiumitas, vanitas.
future, I. adj. futurus, posterus ; a — gov-
ernor, imperaturus. II. n. futura, -orum (e.g.
scire, prospicire). futurity, n. tempus futuruvi
«r posterum.
gab
G.
702
gau
gabble, I. v.intx. garrife. 11. n. gtirrulitas.
gable, n. fastigium.
gad, v.intr. vagari.
gadfly, n. oestrus, asilus, tabanus.
gag, I. v.tv. os aid alga re obvolvfre rt jirwe-
ligare. II. n. use noun describing the material
nl' which gag is made (e.g. linteum in o.t injectum).
gage, n. pignus, -oris, n. ; spo Pledge.
gain, I. n. lucrum (opp. damnum, = loss or
injury), quaestus, -us ( = profit), commodum ( =
advantage), cmolumentum (opp. detrimentum),
compt vallum (= savings), fructns, -us (— natural
growth), praeda, or in pi. ( = booty), praemium
(= a prize). II. v.tr. alqd lMcrari(opp. perdere),
consequi, assequi, capere; ■ — a place (that is, to
reach it after etlbrtj, locum capere, in alqm
locum, cnili or evade re ; — a battle or
victory, superiorem discedere, vincere ; tbe
enemy lias — ed the day, hostis vicit or victor
evasit ; — a wager, sponsions or sponsionem
vincere; — a lawsuit, caus(s>/tm, judicium (or
judicio) vincere, caus(s)ani tenere or obtinere ; —
a prize, praemium auferre; — a person's friend-
ship, in amicitiam alcjs recipi ; — over, concili-
are ; to try to — over, alqd re hominum (plebis,
etc.) animos ad benevolentiam allicere, conciliare
ad benevolentiam. erga alqm. gainful, adj.
guaestuosus, lucrosus.
gainsay, v.tr. see Contradict.
gait, n. Incessus, -us.
gaiters, n. ocreae ( = leather coverings for
soldiers, etc.).
gala, n. see Festival.
galaxy, n. nrbis, -is, m., or circnlus lactam,
t via lactca.
gale, n. 1, venlus magnus, aura (= breeze);
2, lig. aura (e.g. popularis).
gall, I. n. fel, bills. ILv.tr. 1, = rub, terere;
2, llg. mordire. galling, adj. mordax.
gallant, I. ndj. 1, = brave, fortis, animosus,
strenuus; 2, = attentive to females, amori
dediius, amatorius. Adv. fnrtiter, animose,
strenue. II. n. 1, juvenis fori Is; 2, amator.
gallantry, n. 1, virtus, -utis, {., fortitudo; 2,
amores, -urn.
gallery, n. porta:".s, f. (= an open — with pil-
lars), xystus ( = walk oralley formed by two lines
of trees), pinacotheca(— picture — ), superior locus
(as in a theatre, e.g. ex super lore locospectare), en vea
summa or ultima ( = the last row in a theatre ; to
address the — , verba ad summam caveam spec-
ta'ntia dicere) ; underground — , cuniculus.
galley, n. navls actuaria ( = swift sailing
ship); navls Innga, biremis, triremU ( = ship or
war) ; t-> eondemn to the — s, ttltpn dare ad remum
publirae triremis,
gallipot, n. otlula (aul-).
gallon, n. conglus.
gallop, I. n. gradus, -its, retains ; at a — ,
equo admUso or laxatis habenis. IL v.intr.
equo admisso, etc., vehi or currerc.
' gallows, n. crux (crucifixion and strangling
were the Roman equivalents for hanging, see
Han-o).
gamble, v.intr. ludlre ; — with dice, tesseris
or talis ludere, aled ludere. gambler, n.
aleotor. gambling, n. alia; to gain at — ,
prospers aled Hti.
gambol, v.intr. ludere, lascivire.
game, I. n. 1, ludus, lusio, Indlcrum (cap.
:= public — ) ; — of chance, alea ; 2, = animal,
ferae, on (able, caro ferina ; to make — of, aty n
ludihrio Itabere, alqm ludere or iUudeee. II.
v.intr. see Gamble, gamesome, adj. seo
Playfcl. gamester, gaming, see Gamble.
gaming-table, n. alveus.
gammon, n. = — of bacon, perna.
gammon, interj. = nonsense ! gerrae .' » ugas !
gander, n. aiu>er(mas or masculus, opp. ansrr
fern inn).
gang, n. caierm, operae (= of roughs).
gangway, n./»rw&
gangrene, n. ossium caries, gangraena,
gaol, n.*" career, -eris, in., vinculo, -vrmn,
gaoler, n. (carceris) cu-stos.
gap, n. lacuna, hiatus, -vs. gape, v.intr.
liia re.
garbage, n. pitrgamenlum, quisquiliae.
garble, v.tr. = to falsify, corrumpere, viliare.
garden, I. n. hortus; a small — , hortnlux.
II. v.intr. in Iiorlo fotFre, hortum colere. gar-
den-stuff, n. olns, -eris, n. gardening, n.
kortorum cultvs, -us. gardener, n. qui hortum
col it.
gargle, I. n. 1, gargarizatio (='the act,.
Cels.) ; 2, for the tluid use verb. II. v.intr.
gargarizare (ex) alqd re (Cels.).
garish, adj. 1, = bright, clarus, splendidus;
2, =gay, nitidus{= spruce), fucatns{= rouged).
garland, n. sertum.
garlic, n. a(l)lium.
garment, n. rcstis; see Clothes.
garner, I. n. horreum. II. v.tr. condere.
garnish, v.tr. (er)ornare, instrv^re.
garret, n. cenacidum superius; to live in
a — , sub tegnlis habitare, in superiors habitare
cenaculo, Iribusscalis habitare (=up three pair
of stairs).
garrison, I. n. pracsidium, milites praesl-
diarii. II. v.tr. urbi praesidinm imponere, in
urbe pr. (eol)lncare.
garrulity, n. garrulitas, loqvacilas. gar-
rulous, adj. garruhts, loquax, verbosus. Adv.
loquaciter.
garter, n. *periscSlis (mediaeval), in pi.
t genitalia, -ium (Ov.).
gas, n. spirilus, -ns, vapor, 'gas quod dieitiir.
gasconade, n. jactatio, ostentatio, vendlia-
tin (sui), venditatio quaedam cttquc ostentatio.
gash, I. n. vulnvs, -Iris, n. II. v.tr. ml-
ncra.rr.
gasp, I. v.intr. aegre spirilnm ducbre, anhe-
lore, \singultare. II. n. anhelUus, -lis, sin-
gultus, -us. gasping, n. anhelUus, -vs.
gastric, adj. ad etomachum pertinens. gas-
tronomy, n. quae ad gtilam pertinent.
gate, n. janua, porta (= — of a city), gate-
keeper, n. janitor, gate-post, n. pt
gather, I. v.tr. 1, legere (= to pick up), cd-
ligire, conquirere (— to search out), conge,
to heap up), coaccrrare ; — flowers, fores on , In ;
— grapes, vindemiare; 2, =Conjectnre, con(_j)i-
ccre. II. v.intr. 1, = assemble, conrrnirr, n»i-
greqari ; 2, of a sore, suppurare. gathering,
n. 1, = assembly, coetus,-us; 2, = a sore, sup-
puratio (Cels.).
gaudy, adj. fucatus, magnificus. Adv. mag-
'iter.
gauge, v.tr. metiri ; see Measure.
gaunt, adj. exV.is; see Thin.
gauntlet, n. manicae; to run the — , pa
mTlUum ordines eurrentem virgis caedl.
gau
703
gig
gauze, n. vestis coa.
gay, adj. 1, of mind, hilaris (hilarus), laetus;
2, of colour, etc., splendidus, nitidus. Adv.
hilars, laete. gaiety, n. hilaritas, laetitia.
gaze (at), I. v.intr. in obtutu alcjs rei hae.rere
dejixum, alqm or alqd intueri, coutucri, contem-
vlari. II, n. obtutus, -us, conspectus, -fts. gaz-
ing-stook, n. spectaeulum,
gazette, n. acta (diurna), acta publico,,
■ mum.
gear, n. ornalus, -us, vestitvs, -fts, supdlex,
■Urtilis, f. (—household).
geld, v.tr. castrare. gelding, n. can-
t(h)erius.
gem, n. gemma, \lopis, \lapVlus (both also
with generosus).
gender, n. genus, -eris, n. genealogy, n.
origo, slirps (== the branches of a family).
genealogical, adj. de origins, etc., scriptus,
ad originem pertiuens.
general, I. n. dux, imperator(=g. -in-chief) ;
the — 's teat, prac.torium ; to be — , exercitui
praeesse ; to appoint anyone — , alqm exercitui
praeficere. II. adj. generalis (= relating to the
genus or whole), communis (= common to all,
opp. singularis, = individually), vulgaris, comb.
■vulgaris communisque ; omnium rerum, or merely
omnium; — want, inopia omnium rerum; — con-
versation, omnium tiominum sermo ; a — idea,
nolio universa or summa, iwtio communis; the
— good, omnium salus ; to devote to the — good,
in commune conferre ; in — , ad summam, in
universum, universe (opp. proprie, nominatim),
omnino (opp. separatim), gene eat im 'opp. si(n)gil-
latim, per singulas species), eommuniter. Adv.
= usually, fere, ferme, vulgo, plcrumque. gene-
rality, n. = most people, valgus, -i, n., plerique.
generalization, n. quod de omnibus rebus
dictum est. generalship, n. ductus, -us;
under the — of Caesar, Caesare duce; to act
with good — , summo consilio rem gerere.
generate, v.tr. 1, gignere, generate, (pro)-
ereare, parere ; 2, = cause, facers, efficere. gene-
ration, n. 1, generatio, procreatio (e.g. liber-
orum); 2, = age, saeculum, aetas ; the present
— , hvjiis aetatis homines, qui nunc vivunt
homines, generator, n. genitor, procreator.
generative, adj. t genitalis; — organs, geni-
talia, -ium.
generous, adj. 1, = good of its kind, i gen-
erosus, nobilis, ex i mius ; 2, = of a large heart,
generosus, magnificus, benignv.s, Uberalis ; 3, =
liberal, largus, Uberalis. Adv. bene, eximie,
magnijice, benigne, liberaliler, large, gene-
rosity, n. 1, see Excellence ; 2, magnificen-
tia, magnanimitas, benignilas, liberalitas; 3,
liberalitas, benignitas, benificentia.
genesis, n. see Origin.
genial, adj. comis, genialis (of things, e.g.
hiem(p)s). Adv. comiter, genialiler. genia-
lity, n. comitus.
genitive, n. (casus) genitivus (Granim.).
genius, n. 1, = an imaginary spirit, genius;
2, = high, natural ability, ingenium, indoles,
•is; of rude — , crassd Minerva; a man of — ,
vir magni or eluti ingenii, vir ingenio prae-
stuns, magno ingenio prueditus homo.
genteel, adj. honest us, elegans, urbanus.
Adv. honeste, eleganter, urbane'. gentility,
li. honestas, elcgantia, urbanitas.
gentle, adj. 1, = well-born, generosus, in-
genuus, nobilis; 2, = — in disposition, mitis,
clcmens, mansuclus, placid its; 3, of wind, Jenis;
of a hill, mollis, lenis. Adv. nohili loco orlus or
natus, placide, leniter, molliter. gentleman,
n. 1, homo generosus, ingenuus, nobilis, honfstn
or nobili loco natus; 2, = \voll-bred, homo ur-
banns, Uberalis* ingenuus, generosus. gentle-
manly, adj. Uberalis, urbanus, ingenuus, gene-
rosus, honestus. gentleness, n. 1, nobilitas;
2, dementia, mansuetudo; 3, lenilas. gentry,
ii. nobilitas, nob it es, -ium, optimates, -(i)nm.
gentlewoman, n. see Lady.
genuflexion, n. see Kneel.
genuine, adj. sincei-us, merits, gerumnus.
Adv. reapse, sincere, rere. genuineness, n.
auctoritas, fides ; ninny doubt of the — of this
book, multi dubitant hunc librum ab eo ad quern
referlur conscriptum cesc.
geography, n. *geographia, terrarum or
regionum descriptio.
geology, n. * geologia. geological, adj.
* gcologicus ; — time, ivimensae antiquitatis.
geometry, n. gcometria. geometrical,
adj. geometricus (yewfierpixo?). geometer, or
geometrician, n. geometres, -ae, m.
germ, n. 1, = — of plants, t germen ; 2, tig.
semen (e.g. malorum, discordiarum). germi-
nate, v.intr. germinare (Plin.). germina-
tion, n. gmninatio. germane, adj. affini&i 1 ,
Germany, n. Germania. German, adj.
Germanicus.
gestation, n. partus gerendi tempus (Plin.).
gesture, n. gestus, -us (— the mode of carry-
ing the body), comb, motus gestusque (gestus is
used especially of speakers, players, etc.). ges-
ticulate, v.intr. se jactare, gesticulari (Suet.),
gestus facere or agere. gesticulation, n.
jactatio, gestus, -us, motus, -its.
get, v.tr. acquirere, conquirere, consequi,
capers, adipisci, nancisci,(iom)parare, lucrari (=
to get gain); — anything done, alqd faciendum,
curare; — abroad, percrebresccre ; — off, discs-
dire; — up, surgcrc; — down, descendire; —
forward, projicerc, provehi ; — 111, introire ; —
near, accedere ; — out, egredi ; — round, circum-
venire; — by heart, memoriae alqd mandare ;
— with child, graviilam facere ; — to, perrenirc ;
— away ! aufer te liinc.
gewgaws, n. nugae, lenocinium.
ghastly, adj. 1, exsanguis, pallidus, cada-
verosus, luridus; 2, see Terrible, ghastli-
ness, n. 1, pallor; 2, see Horror.
ghost, n. 1, = breath, spiritus, -ns, anima ;
the Holy — , * Spiritus Functus, * Paracletus ; 2,
— in pi. imaginary spirits, or the spirits of the
dead, lemures (in gen.), manes (= the shade or
ghost of a particular person), lares (=the good
spirits worshipped in the home), of a single per-
son, larva, umbra (= the shade).
ghoul, n. larva teterrima.
giant, n. homo ingenlis or immanis magnitu-
dinis, homo eximid corporis magnitudine, vir
■major quam pro humano habitu; the giants,
gigantes ; one of the — , gigus. gigantic, adj.
eximiae or ingentis or immanis magniludinis,
eximid or ingenii or immani magnitudine ; a —
labour, moles, -is.
gibbet, n. sec Gallows.
gibe, I. n. ludibrium, sanna (Juv.). II.
v.tr. ludibrio habere.
giddy, adj. 1, lit. vertiginosus (Plin.),
rcrtigine correptus ; 2, fig. levis, invonstans.
Adv. inconstanter. giddiness, n. 1, vertigo;
2, animus levis.
gift, n. donnm; see Give.
gig, n. cisium.
giggle, v.intr. effuse ridere,'inepte ridire, fur-
tim cachinnare.
feil
704
gd
gild, v.tr. iilaurare, alci rei aumm illinHre
or alqd auro illinere.
gill, n. =a measure, hemina.
gills, 11. branchiae (P\\r\.).
gimlet, ii. terebra.
gin, n. = trap, laqutus, tendicula.
gingerly, adv. pedetentim (pedctewpt-), sen-
elm.
gipsy, n. " Clnganis, * Cingara, feni.
giraffe, n. camfldpard&lis (Plln.).
gird, v.tr. l,(sucyinglre, accingcre ; — your-
self, {su'c)cingi or accingi (e.g. gladio, ferro) ; 2,
rig. — oncse'lf to, = to apply to, se accingere
or accingi ad alqd, or alci rei. girder, n.
trabs. girdle, n. zona, cingulum, cestus, ballens
(= belt).
girl, n. puella, virgo. girlish, adj. puel-
lari3,virginalie. Adv. more puellarum. girl-
hood, n. aetas pitellaris ; she did it in her —,
puella fecit.
girth, n. 1, = distance or space round,
ambitus, circuities, complexus, all -its; 2, of a
horse, t cingula.
give, v.tr. alqd alci dare, praebere, reddere,
tradere, impertire, largiri, or alqm alqd re or alqd
aid donare, ad alqd confer re (= contribute) ; to
— for = to buy at, rem emcre tanti ; to — word
for word, exprimire verbum de verbo ; — up, see
Cease ; to — up for lost, desperare de alqo or
aXqa re ; to — little attention to, pamm curare,
neglegere (ueglig-) alqd ; to — up yourself = to
surrender, se dare, manus dare, (con )cedere ; — in
(of accounts), rationem reddere, referre; — to
yield, see " — up yourself" above; — a blow,
plagam alci in(j)icire. gift, n. donum, munvn,
■trie, n., praeviium (= a reward or prize); to
make a — , alci donum dare, alqm dono donare.
gifted, "dj. alqd re, praeditu." ; a— man, rir
simmi ingenii. giver, n. qui donum dat,
largltor.
gizzard, n. tiigluvies, gvttur.
glad, adj. laetus, hilaris or hilarus ; —at,
alqd re laetari, gaudSre. Adv. lacte, Mlare,
hilariter. gladden, v.tr. alqm (cx)hilarare.
gladness, n. laetitia, hilaritas.
glade, n. silva.
gladiator, n. gladiator, gladiatorial,
adj. gladiatorius ; a trainer of — s, lanista.
glance, I. n. (of the eyes), oculorum conjee-
tus, -is. II. v.intr. 1, = shine, splendlre, fulgere,
nltlre ; 2,— at, ocidos con(j)iclre in alqd, alqd
Ihiter orstrictim attingcre or dieere, perstringere.
gland, n. glans (Cels.).
glare, I. v.intr. fnlgdre ( = be bright) ;
— at, alqm or alqd intentis oculis tveri. II. n.
fulgor, intenti (ut aiunt) oculi.
glass, n. vilrum. glazier, n. vitrarius qui
fenestris vitrum inserit. glassy, adj. vitreus.
gleam, I. n. 1, fulgor ; 2, tig. aura ; — of
hope, tplcula. II. v.intr. fulgere.
glean, v.tr. 'spicilcgium facire ( = — in the
field), racemari ( = — in the vineyard), glean-
ing, n. spicilegium.
glee, n. hilaritaa, laetitia. gleeful, adj.
hilaris, laetus. Adv. hilariter, laete.
glen, n. (con)rallis.
glifc, adj. loquax, garrulns, volubilis. Adv.
loquaciter, volubiliter, glibness, n. loqwicitas,
garru'.itas, rolnbilitas.
glide, v. (pro)labi.
glimmer, v.intr. tubhttire.
glimpse, n. see Sioiit, n.
glisten, glitter, v.intr. mieare, Mncltn,
fulgere, nitere, lucere, splendere. glistening,
glittering, adj. Iwtidus, candidus ( = —
while, opp. to niger, = — black), j coruscus,
nitidus, splendidus, splendent, fulgent.
gloat, v.intr. — over, se a(d)spectu alejs rei
delectare.
globe, n. globus, spliaera, orbis terrarvm.
globular, adj. globosus.
gloom, n. 1, lit. obscuritas, caUgo, tenebrae ;
2, tig. animus dejectus, afflictus, caligo, tenebrae,
tristitia, maeror, maestitia. gloomy, adj. 1,
obscurus, ftenebrosus, caliginosus ; 2, tristis,
maestus. Adv. obscure, per tentbras or caliginem.
(e.g. visvs), maeste.
glory, I. n. gloria, honos (honor), decus, -5ris,
n. ; to be a — to, laudi or gloriae esse, alci,
laudem alci afferre. II. v.intr. (de) alqd re
gloriari (or with quod), glorify, v.tr. laudi-
bus ornare or eflerre or tollere, alqm glorid
ajftcere, alqm (laudibus) celebrare. glorious,
adj. gloriosus, (prae)i:larus, amplvs (esp. in
super].), illustris. Adv. gloriole, (praeyiare,
ample, glorying, n. gleriatio, praediratio.
gloss, I. n. 1, = a shining, nitor, candor;
2, = an explanation, interpretatio. II. v.tr. —
over, extemtare, mitigare. glossary, n. glos-
sae. glossy, adj. nitidus.
glove, ii. manicae (— sleeves).
glow, I. n. ardor, fervor, aestus, -vs. II.
v.intr. candcre, ardere, fcrvere ; to begin to — ,
(cx)ardescere, incandescere, excandesctre. glow-
ing, adj. candens, ardens, ferirns, fcrvidus ; to
have a — dosire foT desiderio alcjs flagrare.
glow-worm, n. eivindSla, lampyris (Plin.).
glue, I. n. ghttinum, gluten. II. v.tr. (con)-
glutinare. glutinous, adj. ghiiinosus, lentus,
viscosus.
glut, I. v.tr. 1, lit. satire, saturare, explere ;
2, tig. — the market, vilitatem annonat elfficere.
II. n. satias, satietas.
glutton, n. homoedax, rorax, gurges, -itis, m.,
he!(l)uo ; comb, gurges et hellvo. gluttonous,
adj. edax, vorax, gulosus(Ju\. Sen.). Adv. avide.
gluttony, n. hel(l)uatio, edacitas.
gnarled, adj. see Knotty.
gnash, v.tr. dentibus (i n) f render e, dentibus
stridere or stridcre. gnashing, n. stridor den-
tium (Cels.).
gnat, n. culex.
gnaw, v.tr. 1, alqd (ar)rodere, clrcumrodere ;
2, fig. pungcre, cruciare, mordere. gnawing,
adj. mordax.
gnome, n. 1, see Maxim ; 2, see Fairy.
go, v.intr. ire, gradi ( = to step), ingredi
( — to step into), incrdere ( = to enter), vadlrc,
ambulare ( = to walk), spatiari ( = to strut),
eommeare ad alqm (in locum), procedure ( = to —
forth); to — out, prodhe (of the harbour, c
portu), exire, execdere, egredi; — \n,inire, intra-
ire, intrare, ingredi ; — over, travsire, praeterire
loeum(=: to pass by a place) ; — on board, (narem)
a(d)scendh-e, contendere; — down, descendere ;
— up, a(d)seendere ; —before, anteire, avle-
gredi (with accus.) ; — through, transire ; = to
set out, proceed, march, proficisci ( — — on foot
or horseback); = to betake yourself,, conferre
se alqo; — to make for, contendere alqo. In
iinper. as command, <d>i ; rrfti hind apage
tis! to let one — , alipn demittire ; where are
you— ing? quo tendis? what are you — ing to
do? quid cogilast to — and come, venire et
redire, ire et red ire ; to — after, alqd pet ere ; —
to see, spectatum ire ; — for someone, alqm
circess^re; the affair begins to — better, incipit
£oa
705
era
res melius ire ; how goes it? how is it? hc-.v are
you ? quomodo habes te i or est libi ? the answer
is made by bene, recte, male, etc. ; so of health,
quomodo rales? of action, quid agis? quid agi-
turf is all well? answers, valeo, bene mecum
agitur ; — for, = be sold at, emi or vendi, with
genit. of price ; — about, = attempt, alqd expe-
riri, moliri ; — beyond, excedere ; — off (of a
weapon), emitti (with the thing shot as subj.).
go-between, n. conciliator, interpret, -etis,
in. and f., intrrnuntius.
goad, I. n. stimtdus; to kick against a — ,
stimulum jntgnis caedere, adversum stimulum
calcare. II. v.tr. alqm ad or in alqd stimidare,
uicitare.
goal, n. lueta (— the pillar at the end of the
course; then in poets, lig.), calx (lit. and lig.).
goat, n. copra, capella. he-goat, n. caper,
hircus. goatherd, n. caprarius.
gobble, v.tr. (de)rorar?.
goblet, 11. scyphus; see Cur.
goblin, n. umbra quae homines inquietat;
• daemon, larva, in pi. lemures.
God, n. Deus (as the highest being, often
with title Optimus, Maximus), numen divinum,
uumeii( = thenod,i.e. the supreme will), idivus;
the — s, rfi'(0. t caclestcs, t caelites, t caelicolac, di(i)
superi, super i also(opp. inferi); — of the house,
lares, pe nates; to raise to the honours of a — , alqm
in deorum numerum referre,alqm interdeos referre,
alqm consecrarc ; to call — to witness, Deum
testari; for — 's sake I beg, Deum testans oro te,
pro Deum fidem ! by the — s, per deos ; so help
me — , ita me Deus (ad\juvet or amet, hercule or
mehercule, so also Deus me pcrdat I may — • be
favourable, iii'(i) propitii sint ; in — 's name, quod
bonum, j'austiun, felix fortunatumque sit! quod
bene vertat ! — grant, faxit Deus! utinam tfi'(t)
ita faxint! utinam Deus ratum essejubeat! —
forbid! quod Deus prohibeat ! quod omen Deus
avertat ! di meliora! goddess, n. dea, \dim.
Godhead, n. numen. godless, adj. 1, impius
(erga Deum, so erga patriam, erga parentes); 2,
alkeus dt athtos(—Gocl-ienyms). godlessness,
n. iniuietas erga deos. godlike, adj. divinus.
godly, adj. pius erga deos. godliness, n.
pietas erga deos. godsend, li. eptiaiov ut ita
dicam (in colloquial passage); quod quasi divini-
tus oblatum est.
gold, n. auvum. gold-dust, n. hallux
(Plin.). gold-leaf, n. bractea, auri lamina.
gold-mine, n. aurifodina (Plin.). gold-
smith, n. auri/ex. golden, adj. aureus,
ex aura /actus.
good, I. adj. bonus, (in gen. )jucundus, suavis,
dulcis (= pleasant), probus (= what it ought to
be), commodus (= having the right quantity or
quality), opportu nus(= suitable), prosper, secun-
dus (res prosperae, — — circumstances), vtilis(=
useful), scdutaris (= healthful), honest us ( = moral-
ly — , honourable), simplex (— unpretending), be-
nignus (=kind); — health, bona valetudo ; —for
anything, ad alqd utiles, commodus, opportunus,
idoneus, aptus ; — eyes, oculi acres et acuti ; my —
friend, o bone! sodes! a — many, plerique, aliquot,
complures; a — part, bona pars( ~ a considerable
part); a — while, aliquantuvi temporis; to be —
for, as a remedy, aid rei or contra alqdprodesse, alci
rei medcri, contra alqd efficacem esse ; to make — ,
alqdsarcire(e.g. detrimintumacceptum),alqd resti-
tuere. II. interj. — bye, vale, are (valete, avetc,
pi.); bent (agis), bene fecis ! bencfecisti! bene ha-
bet! euge, (well !) non repngno ! nihil imped io !
III. n. bonum; the highest — , summum bonum ;
external — s, externa bona, -orum, res extcrnae or
humaiiae; — s, = possessions, bona ; = wares or |
;nerclinndise, merx ; to do much — , de mnltis bene j
23
mereri; — to, con/trre in alqm beneficia (multa),
bene de ulqo mereri ; to turn to — , alqd in bonum
vertere. good - breeding, n. humanitas.
good-fellowship, n. comitas. good-for-
nothing, adj. nequam. good-humour, n.
comitas, Jacilitas. good-humoured, adj.
comis, facilis, benignus. Adv. comit-er, benigne.
good - looking, adj. pulcher, x-enustus.
goodly, adj. 1, see Good-lookiso ; 2, = large,
magnus. good-nature, n. see Good-humour.
goodness, n. 1, = excellence, bonilas; 2,
moral—, probitas, virtus, -utis, f.; 3, = kindness,
benignitas, bonitas.
goose, n. anser, m., or anser femina ; — flesh,
caro auserina.
Jfore, I. n. cruor. II. v.tr. transfigure, cen-
tre, gory, adj. criuntus, cruentatus.
gorge, I. n. 1, = throat, gnla. guttur ; 2,
= a narrow pass, angustiae, saltus, -iis. II.
v.tr. alqm (ex)satiare, alqm (ex)saturare; — one-
self, exsatiari {vino ciboque).
gorgeous, adj. S}ilen<lidus, magnificus, lavtus.
Adv. sple)ulide, magnifice, laute. gorgeous
ness, n. splendor, inagnijicentia.
gormandize, v.intr. hel(l)uari. gorman-
dizer, li. hel(l)uo.
gospel, n. * evangcliuM.
gossamer, n. aranea (= spider's web).
gossip, I. n. 1, =idle talk, sermo, rumor; 2,
— talkative person, homo garrulus, femina gar-
rula; 3, == friend, familiaris. II. v.intr. ser-
monem cum alqo conjerre.
gouge, v.tr. scalpro eximere or exsecare.
gourd, n. cucurbita.
gout, n. arthritis; — in the hands, chinigm;
— in the feet, poddgra. gouty, adj. arthri-
ticus.
govern, v.tr. 1, = — a province, etc., guber-
nare, administrare, gercre, temixtrare, curare, rei-
publicae praeesse ; 2, in gen. = — temper, etc., aid
rei moderari, alqd temperare, regere, coercere. gov-
ernment, n. 1, =: governing, administratio,
procuratio, cura ; 2, = power, imp-rhim, reg-
num, dicio ; 3, as place, provincia ; 4, = rulei-s,
ii penes uuos est reipublicae administratis.
fovemor, n. 1, in gen. gubernator, rector;
, state — , praefectus, propraetor, proconsul,
legal us.
gown, n. toga, vestis ; a lawyer's — , toga
forensis ; the manly — , toga vi-rilis ; a morning
— , toga cubicttlaris or domestica ; a woman's — ,
palla, stola.
grace, L n. 1, = favour, gratia, favor, comb.
gratia et favor, studium, comb, studium et favor,
voluntas (— inclination), btnevolcntia (= kind-
ness), indulgentia (= special favour), beneficium,
I'enia (= pardon) ; he grows in — , maclus est vir-
tute ; by the — of God, Dei beneficio, Deo favente ;
— in speaking, facundia, lepos; — at meals,
gratiarum (= thanks) actio; to be in the good — »
of, apud alqm plurimum gratia polllre ; to gain
the — of, alcjs gratiam sibi conciliare ; your — ,
'Cleinentia tua ; the --s, Gratiae; with a good,
bad — , cum bond, maid gratia (Ter.) ; 2, — grace-
fulness, t'eiu<scas(=attraction, charm), elegantia ;
lepos (— — in words) ; feminine — , muliebris ven.-
ustas; — of expression, suavitas dicendi. II.
v.tr. honestare, (ad)ornare, decorare. graceful,
adj. venustus, dtcorus, elegans, lepiaus. Adv.
venuste, decore, eleganter, lepide. graceless,
adj. improbus. Adv. improbe. gracious, adj.
propitius (esp. of gods); see Kind.
grade, n. = a step, gradus, -us, a(d)scensus,
■ iis (= a step up) ; there are many — s in human
society, gradus plures sunt societatis hominnm ;
gra
TOO
grt
— of lioiiolll', Bmdiw honoris or dignitatis.
gradual, adj.,' gradually, adv. pergradvs,
grudatim, or pai((f)fr(tini, Rensi'm. graduate,
I, v.intr. *ad gradum [Baccalaurei in artttnis,
= as B.A., etc.) admitti. II. n. *<hJ gradum
(Baccalaurei, etc.) ctifwwiia.
graft, I. ii. surcuhts. II. v.tr. surcrUum
ar'iori inserere.
grain, n. 1, = a seed, etc., granum, mica
(e.g. Balis); 2, = corn, frumentnm.
graminivorous, adj. (animal) quod herbis
pascititr.
grammar, n. 1, = the science of — , gram-
matica, -ae, or grammatica, -orum, or gramma-
tice ; 2, — a book on — , liber grammaticus or
ad grammaticam rationem pertinens. . gram-
matical, adj. grammaticus. Adv. grammatice
(Quint.), grammarian, n. grammaticus.
granary, n. horreum, granaria, -orum.
grand, ndj. graiidis, eximius, magnificus,
amplus. Adv. eximie, magnifi.ee, ample, gran-
deur, n. amplitudo, majestas. grandees, n.
procerus, optimates. grandiloquent, adj.
grandiloquus, magniloquus (late in prose), tumi-
dus. Adv. tumide. grandiloquence, n.
oratin tumida. granddaughter, n. neptis.
grandfather, n. amis, grandmother, n.
atria, grandson, n. nepos. great-grand-
daughter, n. proneptis. great-grand-
father, n. proaru$(so backward, obdvtis, ata vus,
tritdvus). great-grandmother, n. proa via,
great-grandson, n. pronepos.
grange, u. 1, = barn, horreum ; 2, =
country-house, villa.
granite, n. lapis, lapidis, m., saxum,
grant, I. n, gratia, ben-cfidum, donum, prae-
mitim, venia, concessio (= the granting). II. v.tr.
cmxedere ; see Give; sincre(— allow); this — ed,
ftoc dato or concesso ; — ed that, or that not, vt
sit, ne sit, ut non sit,
grape, n. acinus or acinum (=a single grape),
uva (=a bunch of grapes).
graphic, adj. expressv.s ; to give a — de-
scription, alqd tanquam 6i'b ocnlos suKJ)ic?re.
Adv. dare.
grapple, v.tr. cum alqo lucktH. grap-
pling-iron, n. ferrea, mania, -Us, harpago.
grasp, I. v.tr. 1, (ap)prehendire, compre-
hendere, prevsare ; — anyone's hand, manum
alcjs amplecti; 2, fig. concipCre, intdlegire; see
Comprehend ; — at, alqd (ap)pet&re, capture.
II. n. 1, compUxus, -vs ; to wrest from the — , de
-nwnibus alqd extor quire; 2, mens, captus, -us.
grasping, adj. avarus.
grass, n. gramen, herba (= the youn<* and
fresh grass), grassy, adj. herbidus, Vieroosus,
gramineus. grasshopper, n. grvllvs (grillvs)
(Plin.).
grate, n. focus, caminns.
grate, v.tr. 1, = rub, eonkrire ; 2, fig. see
Annoy, grating, n. cancelli, clathri.
grateful, adj. 1, =s pleasant, (jier)gratus,
acceptus, comb, gratus ucccptusque, jucundus,
perjucundus, suavis; 2, = thankful, gratus,
beneficii or bencficiarum memor, comb, memor
grat usque.. Adv. grate, grato animo. grati-
tude, n. gratus animus, memor beneficii or
beneficionna animus, gratus animus et beneficii
memor, grata beneficii memoria. gratify, v.tr.
alci gnitificari, alqm delectare, morem alci genre.
gratification, n. expktio (= satisfaction),
delectatio ; to have — from, voluptatem c.r «/</""
repercipere. gratifying, adj. gratus. gratis.
adv. grat(i)is, sine mcrcede, comb. grat(i)is et situ
viercede, gratuitn, sine jirttio. gratuitous,
adj. grat u it us. Adv. see Gratis, gratully.il,
see Alms, Gift.
grave, adj. gravi3(==tul\ of excellence), serins,
sevens, gravity, ii. 1, gravitas, severitas; to
have — of face (= look grave), indium ad severi-
tatem eomponcre, also vultum compnwrc ; 2,
(in physics) gravitas. gravitation, 1).
vis ct gravitas alcjs rei, pondus, -eris, n., et
gravitas.
grave, I. n. 1, sepulc(h)rum, bustum, tumulus
(=a mound); to carry to the — , sepelire,exsequias
alcjs fvneris prosequi: 2, = death, mors, infer i ;
he took the hope with him into the — s moriens
ferebat secum span. II. v.tr. see Enorave.
gravel, n. glarea.
gravy, n. jus, juris, n., sucus.
gray, adj. canvs(= turning white, as the hair
from ago), rams (of the sea, the eyes), caesius
(= blue-green, esp. of the eyes), glaucus(rit the
eyes, etc.), (capilli) cani (= gray hairs), gray-
beard, n. senez. grayness, n. canities.
graze, I. v.tr. pascere. II, v.intr. pasci.
grazier, n. pecuaritis.
graze, v.tr. = touch, stringere, radire.
grease, I. n. adeps, lardum. II. v.tr.
ung(u)ere, alqd alqd re illincre, perlinere (Col.),
oblinere. greasy, adj. «ncf«s(= rubbed with
grease), pinguis (= fat).
great, adj. magnus, grandis, amplus, vastus,
immanis, spotiosns (= roomy) procerus (= tall),
altns (= high or deep), (ex)celsus (=lofty) ; a —
assembly, convenlus, -us, celeber; a — man, vir
magnus, clnrus, or ilhistris; a — statesman, rei-
publicae gerendae scicntissimns ; too — , nimivs;
extraordinarily — , ingens, praegrand : s ; very — ,
maximus (maxu-) (in reference to contents and
quantity), summvs (=tho highest in regard to
rank or position), suprcmus (\n relation to rank
and to inferiors). Adv. magnopere, vulde, vehe-
menter (e.g. veh. commotus, — disturbed).
"Greatest" must often be expressed by supeila'-
tives ; the — enemy, alcjs or alci inimicissimus ;
— chatterer, homo loqvacissimus or omnium lo-
quacissimus ; so — , iantus ; how — , qnantvs ;
si. ever — , quantuscunque, quantnsvis, quantus-
librt ; as — again, altero tanto major; twice as
— , dvpln major, duplus; as — as, tantus, fol-
lowed by quantus or instar (e.g. insiar montis) ;
the — , nobi'cs, optimates; —grandfather, see
under Grand, greatcoat, n. pallium, lacenta,
paenula (all = cloak), greatness, n. 1, mag-
nitude, amplitudo ; 2, — of mind, animi dkjni-
tag, gravitas, amplitudo, magnitudo, magiiani-
mitas.
greaves, n. ocreae.
Greece, n. Graecia. Greek, adj. Graecus.
greedy, adj. alcjs rei avidus, cupidus. Adv.
avidc, cupide. greediness, n. aviditas, cu-
piditu.s. See Gluttony.
green, I. adj. 1, viridis (in gen.), rirens
(= still green), glaucus (= sea-green) ; 2, =
fresh, mens, virus, crudus (not ripe). II, n. 1,
viriditas, color viridis; 2, =» grassy spaces,
campus, greens, n. oh-ra, -urn, green-
grocer, n. qui olera vendit. greenhouse,
n. perhaps sub vitro esse or habere (= to be or
keep in a — ). greenness, n. viriditas.
greet, v.tr. (con)sahitare, alqm liberalitcr
appellors, sahttem alci dare, alqm solvere jvberr.
greeting, n. (am^salutatia, salus, -utis, f.,
appellatio (= address).
gregarious, adj. qui congregari solent.
gridiron, n. cratictda (Mart.).
grief, n. oegritudo (for any disturbance of
gri
70'
blind), sol(i)ici(udo (= anxiety), rZuZor (=pain of
heart), maeror (=sadness), luctus, -iis (=. sorrow,
eup. the display of it), angor. grieve, I. v.tr.
alqrn dolors aMdre, dolor cm alci afferre, alqm alcjs
rei piget. II. v.intr. muerere alqd, dolere ulgd (da
or ex) alqd re, tdgm alcjs rei piget. grievance, n.
injuria (= wrong done), querimonia, querel(l)a
(—complaint), grievous, adj. acerbus, gravis,
molestus. Adv. accrbe, molests, gmvlter. griev-
ousness, u. accrbitas, violent ia, gravitas.
griffin, n. gryps.
grill, v.tr. see Roast.
grim, adj. Uorvus, ftrux, saevus. Adv. saeve,
ferociter. grimness, n. saevitia, ferocia, fero-
sitas.
grimace, n. os distortion ; to make — s, os
ducerc, os (dis)torquere.
grimy, adj. see Dirty.
grin, I. n. use rictus, -us. II. v.intr. use
rictu ridcre.
grind, v.tr. 1, moKre; to — the teeth, denti-
bus frendere ; 2, — the face of the poor, egentes
vexare, prcm&re. grinder, n, 1, qui alqd molit;
2, of teeth, dens gemiimis. grindstone, n. cos.
grip, I. v.tr. see Seize. II. n. mania, -us,
f. gripe, v.tr. — to give pain, alqvi tormini-
busufficire ; to be— ed, torminibus or ex intestinis
laborare, torminibus affectum esse, gripes, 11.
tormina, -urn.
grisly, adj. foedus, tctcr. grisly-bear, n.
ursus.
grist, n. farina; to bring — to his own mill,
quaestuni ad se redigire.
gristle, n. cartildgo (Plin.). gristly, adj.
cartilagineus (Plin.).
grit, n. ptisana {— — of barley) (Cels.), arena
(= — of sand).
groan, I. v.intr. gemere, gemitus edere. II.
n. gemitus, -iis.
grocer, n. qui aromata vendil. grocery,
n. aromata, -urn (= spices (Col.)).
groin, n. inguen.
groom, I. n. agdso, equiso ; — of the cham-
ber, cubicularius. II, v.tr. curare.
groove, n. candlis, canaliculus, stria.
grope, v.intr. errare; — ono's way, iter ex-
plorare. Adv. pedetemptim (pedetent-).
gross, I. adj. 1, = thick, crassus, densus ; 2,
— too great, nimiiis, incredibilis ; 3, = disgrace-
ful, turpi*, foedus, indecOrus. Adv. dense, nimi-
um, incredibilitcr, lurpiUr, foede, indecore. II.
ii. 1, = 114, duodecies duodecim ; 2, in the — ,
fere, ferme (= generally), in universum (ss alto-
gether), grossness, n. 1, crassitudo, densitas;
2, iiimia magnitude-; 3, turpitudo, foeditas ;
— of manners, inhumanitas.
grotesque, adj. immanis, minis. Adv.
mire, grotesqueness, n. mira species.
grotto, n. antrum.
ground, J. n. l,humus,f., solum, terra; on the
— . humi ; 2, = reason of a thing, fundamentum,
ratio, caus(s)a, principium ; 8, = — -of a battle,
locus; 4, to gain — ,, proJicSre ; of a rumour, pcrcrc-
bescere. II. v.tr. = teach, alqm alqd docire. III.
v.intr. of a ship, sidcre. groundless, adj.
ninus, futilis, fictus. Adv. sine caus(s)d, tern-
ere, ex va.no. groundlessness, n. vanitas.
groundwork, n. 1, of a building, sub-
structio, fundamentum; 2, fig. fundamentum,
principium.
group, I. n. catena, globus, circulus. II.
v.tr. diaponere. grouping, n. dispusitio.
grove, n. lucus, nemus, -oris, n., arbustum.
7 gill
grovel, v.intr. humi jaoere, humi serpeft.
grovelling, adj. abjectvs, huntilis, sordidus,
submissiis, servilis, lurpis. Adv. hnmiliiet, so? - -
dide, suhmisse, serviiittr, turpiter.
grow, I. v.intr. crescere, augeri, ingraveseere
(— worse) ; to let the beard — , barbam promU-
tire; — up, adolcscerc, yubescerc. II. v.tr. alere,
colire. grower, n. cultor. grown-up, adj.
adultus, pv.bcs, grandis. growth, n. ductus,
-v.s, incrementum.
growl, I. n. fremitus, -us. II. v.intr. fre~
mire.
grub, I. n. vermiculus. IL v.tr. — up, eruere.
grudge, I. n. simultas, invidia(~ a dislike).
II. v.tr. atci alqd invidere ; see Envy.
gruel, n. cremor avenae, ptisana, pulti-
cula.
gruff, adj. acerbus, raucus, asper. Adv.
raucd voce, gruffness, n. rauca vox.
grumblo, v.intr. murmurare, mussare.
grunt, I. n. grunn'Uus, -us. II. v.intr. otiui-
nire.
guarantee, I. n. 1, = surety, sponsio, vadi-
monium(— recognizance), fides; 2, ^guarantor,
vas, praes, sjionsor, obses, -idis, in. and f. ( =
hostage). II. v.tr. alqm or alqd or de alqd re
praestare, fidem alci dare or interponcre, pro
alqo (pecuniam) intercedere.
guard, n. 1, = a watch for the security of
others, custodia, praesidium, excubiae,~vigiliae,
statio ( = a post or filo of men) ; to keep — , excu-
liare, excubias habere or agere, vigilias agere,
stationem agere or habere, in statione esse; others
mount — , alii succedunt in stationem (all of
military matters) ; 2, = the persons forming the
guard, custodes, excubiac, excuoitorcs(=^ — s for the
security of a place), vigiliae, vigilcs ( = — s by
night), statio ; to place the — , custodias or vigilias
or staliones disponcre. II. v.tr. custodire, alciOrei)
praesidere; see Protect; — against, ulqd or
ab alqd re praecavcre. guardian, n. 1, in gen.
defensor, praeses, custos, propugnator ; 2, ■= — of
a ward, tutor, curator, guardianship, n. 1,
custodia, praesidium, fides, tutela; 2, tutela.
guarded, adj. cautus. Adv. caute.
guerdon, n. praemlum, vierces, -Mis, f,
guess, I. v.tr. alqd (opinione or conjecturd)
augurari, con(j)ictre, conjeclurd consequi, opinari,
suspicari. II. n. conjectura.
guest, n. hospes, -itis, m., hospita, f. ( = one
who is received into the home and entertained
there) ; to receive as — , alqm hospitio exciptre ;■
one brought uninvited, umbra, guest-cham-
ber, n. cubiculum hospitale.
guide, I. n. 1, lit. dux; 2, fig. dux, auctor,
suasor. II. v.tr. 1, ducerc; 2,regire, gubeinare,
vwderari. guidance, n. ductus, -us, consilium,
or use dux, auctor (e.g. te duce). guide-post,
n, lapis or milliarium (= mile-stone).
guild, n. collegium, guildhall, n. curia.
guile, n. dolus, astutia. guileful, adj-
doTosus. astutus. Adv. dolose, astute, guile-
less, adj. simplex, sineerw. Adv. simplicitTr,
sincere, sincfuco ac fallacils. guilelessness,
n. simplicUas.
guilt, n. ritiiini, culpa, noxia ( = — as a con-
dition), nam ( = injury), delictum ( = crime).
guilty, adj. noxius, sons, sceleratiis. Adv.
scelerate. guiltless, adj. inuocens, insons,
culpa vacuus or carens ; to be — , extra noxiam
esse, extra culpam esse, integer.
guise, n. mos, moris, m., habitus, -iis, species.
gulf, n. sinus, -iis ( = a hay), gnrges, -iti*, m.,
vorago ( = a whirlpool).
gul
708
Iiaa
gull, I. n. gavia. II. v.tr. alqm decipcre,
alci verba dare, gullible, adj. credulus.
, gullet, n. gula, guttur.
gully, n. alveus (= bed of a stream).
gulp, I. n. haustns, -iis. II. v.tr. haurirc,
absorber e.
gum, I. n. 1, of the mouth, gingiva; 2, of
trees, etc., gummi (Plin.). II. v.tr. glutinare
(Plin.). gummy, adj. gummosus (Plin.), glvti-
nosus (Cels.).
gun, n. * sclopctum, where possible use tor-
mentum (= engine for hurling stones, ^ etc.).
gunpowder, n. * pulvis pyrius.
gurgle, v.intr. miirmurare, f susurrare.
gush, v.intr. — out, effundi or se effundere ex
alqd re. »
gust, n. venti impetus, -us, ventus violens,
procella. gusty, adj. turbUlu.t, procellosus.
gut, n. I. intestiniim. II. v.tr. 1, exenterare
(ante and post class.) ; 2, lig. exinanire.
gutter, n. canalis, cloaca.
guttiiral, adj. (sonus) gravis.
guzzli, v.intr. (per)potare. guzzler, n.
homo ebriosus.
gymnasium, n. gymnasium, palaestra.
gymnastic, adj. gymnicus,palaestricvs. gym-
nastics, n. ars gymnastica, palaestra.
gypsum, n. gypsum.
gypsy, n. see Gipbt.
H.
ha! interj. ha!
haberdasher, n. qui pannos vendit. ha-
berdashery, n. panni.
habiliment, n. vestis, vestitus, -its.
habit, n. 1, consuetwio, mos, moris, m.,
usus, -lis ; 2, of body, habitus, -us ; 3, see Habili-
ment, habitable, adj. habitabilis. habita-
tion, u. domidlium, sedes, -is, comb, sedes et do-
micilinm, habitatio. habitual, adj. {ureteral us,
usitatus, tisu receptus ; — drunkard, ebriosus.
Adv. de or ex more, habituate, v.tr. alqm
assuefacere (with Infln. or ad).
hack, v.tr. caedere ; — in pieces, concidere.
hackneyed, adj. tritus.
haft, n. manubrium, capulus ( = hilt of a
sword).
hag, n. mius, -lis, or anicida ; an old — ,
vetnla. haggard, adj. morbo or maerore con-
fectus.
haggle, v.tr. 1, in buying, minore pretio
alqd emere velle, pretium facire ( = set a price) ;
2, sec Quarrel.
hail, I. n. grando. II. v.intr. it, — s, gran-
dinat (Sen.).
hail, I. v.tr. alqm salutare, appellare. II.
interj. salve ! ave ! — to you ! made esto! macte
virtute esto! o tefdicem !
hair, n. pilns ( = a single — ), pill ( = —
in general), seta ( = a bristle), crinis, coma ( =
the hair of the head), coesarles ( = flowing — ),
villus, villi, ( = the thick hair of beasts, e.g.
villosissimvs animalium lepus) ; a fine — , ptlus
tenuis ; thick — , pilvs crassits ; thin — . pili rari ;
downy — , lanugo; — of the eyenrows, super-
cilia, -orum ; to cut — , pilos recldcre, tondcrr ;
to ft — , rem acu tetigisti, rem ipsam putasti;
the account tallies to a — , ratio ad nummum
convenit; not a — 's breadth, ab alqd re non
transversum, ut aiunt, dig Hum dL*cedere ;
false — , capillamentum (Suet.), alieni capilli ;
a — band, rrdimiculum, vitta. hair-cloth, n.
ciiicium. hairdresser, n. tonsor, cinerarius.
hairpin, n. crinale. hairsplitting, n.
disserendi spinas, minuta subtilitas. hairy,
adj. crinitus, capillatus, comatus (opp. calms),
intonsus ( = unshared), pilosus, setosus, capil-
losus, comosus (— having much hair); to be — ,
pilos habere.
halcyon, I. n. (h)alcedo, (h)alcyon. II.
adj. srremis ; — days, dies sereni et tranquilli,
(hydcedonia, -orum, (h)alcyonei dies.
hale, adj. sanus, validus, robustus ; comb
salvus et sanus, sanus ei salvus.
hale, v.tr. rapere, trahere.
half, I. adj. dimidius, dimidiatus. II. n.
dimidium, dimidia pars, semis (e.g. heir to — an
estate, lieres ex seinisse). III. adv. semi as prefix,
e.g. half-asieep, adj. semisommis or semisom-
nis. half-brother, U. eodempatre, eiidem matre
natus. half-circle, n. semicircuhts. half-
hour, n. semihora. half-moon, n. luva di-
midiata. half-open, adj. semiapertus. half-
ounce, n. semuncia. half-pound, n. selibra.
half-sister, n, eodem patre or eddem matre
nata. halve, v.tr. in aequas partes dividere.
halved, adj. bipar&ius, dimidiatus. halves!
interj. in commune ! (Sen.) ; to go — , dimidiam
cum alqo partem dividere.
hall, n. atrium, vestibulum ; — for public
meetings, forum, conciliabulum.
halloo, I. n. = the — of hunters, venantium
voces ; (in gen.) clamor, clamores. II. v.intr.
clamare, voci/erari. halloo! interj. heus.'ohe!
hallow, v.tr. consecrare, dedicare, inaugur-
ate, hallowed, adj. sacer, sanetus.
hallucination, n. error.
halm, ii. admits, calamus (—reed).
halo, u. corona (hniae), area (lunae) (Sen.).
halt, I. adj. claudus. II. v.intr. 1, = to
walk as a lame person, claudicare, elaudum esse;
2, = to stop, subsistere, consistere; 3, = to
hesitate, dubitare, animo pendere, animo esse
suspenso, haerrre, claudicare (e.g. si quid in
nostril orationc claudicat). III. n. use verb.
halter, n. capistrum (= — for a horse) ; to put
on a — , capistrare (e.g. equum, bores); laqueus
(= noose and — for strangling, e.g. yulam laqueo
frangere).
ham, n. 1, = back of the knee,poples, -itis, m.;
2, = salted — , perna. hamstring, I. n. jioj>-
litis nervus. II. v.tr. poplitis nervum secure.
hamlet, n. viculus, parvus vicus.
hammer, I. n. malleus ; a small — , malleo-
lus. II. v.tr. malleo (con)tundere ; — out,
d uce re.
hamper, n. corbis ; see Basket.
hamper, v.tr. implicare, alqm impedire.
hand, I. n. 1, manus, -iis, f. ; the 1ml.
low of the — , palma ; — s off ! heus tu,
manum de tabula ! to give a person the
— , alci dextram porrigere ; to join — s, dex-
tram jungire cum alqo; — with I. v.tr. alqm ducere, alci ducem or auctorcm
esse, alci or alci rei praeesse. head-ache, n.
capitis dolor, head-band, n. bifida, vitta, re-
dimiculum. head-dress, n. vitta, rediiniculum,
mitra. header, n. see Dive, headland, n.
promontorium. headless, adj. capite praeciso.
headlong, adj. inconsideratus, inconsultus (=
foolish), incautus (= incautious); improvidus (=
thoughtless), comb, improvidus incautusquc; im-
prudens; temerartus(= rash, e.g. vox temeraria, a
rash expression), comb, inconsultus et temerarius,
temerar ius atque inconsideratus ; demeus, praeceps.
Adv. temere, or by adj. praeceps. head-man,
n. praefectxts (with gen. or dat.), magister,
praeses, -idis (— president, chairman), head-
piece, n. cassis, -Idis, f. (of metal), galea (of
leather), head- quarters, n. praeiorium.
headship, n. locus princeps or primus, prin-
cipatus, -us. headstrong, adj. pertinax,
contumax(— obstinate), ptrvicax. head-wind,
n. ventus adversus. heady, adj. 1, = head-
strong, vehement (= vehement, opp. lenis, placi-
dus); 2, = intoxicating, fervidus.
heal, I. v.tr. 1, alqm or alqd sanare, sanitm
facere,alci or alci rei mederi(=to apply medicines,
to restore), alqm or alqd curare (=to treat a
complaint, take care of a person, nurse) ; 2,
rig. alqm or alcjs a.nimum sanare, alqm ad
sanitatem reducers or perducire or rcvocare, alci
rei mederi. II. v.intr. rcoire (of wounds),
consanescere, sanum fieri (= to get better), heal-
able, adj. sauabilis, quod sanari potest, heal-
ing, I. adj. saluber, salutaris (= conducive to
health, lit. and fig.), utilis (= useful, lit. and
fig.). II. n. 1, sanatio (= art of curing), curatio
(= treatment of a complaint, but not cure) ;
2, fig. sanatio. health, n. sanitas ; bona, com-
moda, firma, prospcra valetudo ( = good health ;
valet udo alone = state of health), salus, -utis, f.,
corporis or valetudinis integritas (= sound con-
stitution), salubritas, salutem alci propinare (= to
propose, drink the — of), bene te ! bene tibi !
(= your good — I), healthful, healthy, a dj-
sanus, salvus (= in good condition, in good
health), integer (= uninjured, sound), valeus,
validus, firmus (—strong), robustus (= robust,
stout), comb, robustus et valens, firmus et valens;
saluber or salitbris (= of a place), salutaris
(=. salutary, wholesome, opp. jiestilens), sanus
et salvus, salvus et sanus (=safe and sound),
air saluber (— atmosphere, opp. aer pestilens),
■mens sana (= sound mind). Adv. salubritcr,
belle.
heap, I. n. acervus, straw, -is, f., cumulus,
agger (=a mass, mound); to fall all in a — , col-
labi, corrucre. II. v.tr. 1, acervum construerc,
cumulum exstrucrc, coacervare, uggerare, con-
gcrere; 2, fig. alqm alqd re cumularc, alqd in
alqm con- (or in-) gcrere (e.g. convicla = abuse),
alqd alci rei addere.
hear, v.tr. and intr. 1, audirc, auscultare, to
— badly, surdum esse (never male audire — to be
in bad repute) ; 2, = to listen, audire, auscultare
(= to be a listener), alqd audire (— to listen to),
alcjs rei rationem non habere (= to make no
account of), aici awes dare (= to lend an atten-
tive car), alqm audire, alci auscultare (= to follow
an advice), ausculta mihi (= follow my advice);
3, =to learn, (ex)audire(o{ gods hearing prayer,
etc.), percipere (= to — distinctly, to under-
stand), accipere (= to learn from hearsay), exci-
pere or excipere auribus (= to — with pleasure,
to receive, to catch), alqd or de alqd re cognosccre
{— to become acquainted with), cumperire (— to
receive information) ; to — a cause, caus(s)am
cognosccre; — a lecturer, alqm audire ; quantum,
audio (= from what I — ), quod nos quidem audie-
Hmus(= at least as far as I have heard), de rebus
suis alqm facere cerliorem (= to let a person —
from one), hearer, n. auditor (to be an atten-
tive — , diligenter audire alqm, studiosum esse
alcjs audiendi, multam operant dare alci, se alci
attentum praebere aiulitorem. hearing, n. 1,
auditus, -its, scil. auditus acutus ; 2, = audi-
ence, audientia; to get a — for, alci audientiam
facere (for a public speaker) ; facere sibi audi-
entiam (for oneself), audiri (= to find hearers);
3, = judicial trial, cognilio, interrogatio, inter-
rogate testium (= — of wituesses) ; seo Trial.
hearsay, n. rumor.
hearken, v. intr. , see Hear.
hearse, n. plauslrum or vehiculum.
heart, n. 1, lit. cor, cordis, n., pectus, -oris,
n. (= the chest, breast) ; t praecordia, -orum,
cor palpitat ( = the heart beats) ; 2, fig. of a
country, interior alcjs terrae regio, interiora
(■um) alcjs terrae, or intimus with n. (e.g. India
ultima); 3, the — morally, inwardly, animus;
mens, -ntis, f. ( = mind, disposition), comb.
animus et mens (= — and mind); voluntas
(= inclination): ingenium (= natural disposi-
tion) ; nalura (= human nature) ; naturd vir
bonus (= good in — ) ; pectus, -6ris, n. (= breast);
bonitas (=: good — ); animus benignus, benig-
nitas (= kindness) ; animus miiis (= gentleness
of — ) ; animus improbus, improbitas (= deprav-
ity of — ); animus fractus or afflictus(= a broken
— ); ex animo (—from the — ); ex (animi) senten-
I'm (= from my — 's desire); I have at — , alqd
or alqs mild curae or co/'di est ; alqd mihi summae
curae est, alqd mihi in medullis est ; nihil est mihi
alqd reantiquius(= I am particularly anxious);
nihil mihi potivs est, quota, ut, etc. (= I have
nothing more at — than that) ; to tako to — ,
alqd re (cont)moveri ; to be grieved at — about,
alqd aegre ferre ; 4, as endearing term, = my
dear, meum cor or anime mi, meum corctdum ; 5,
= courage, animus ; 6, = memory ; b; . me-
moriter, ex memoria; to know by — , mernorid
tev.ere or cqmphcti, in meworia habere; to learn
hea
712
hei
by — , ediscere, memoriae mandare, traderc, com-
viit'.ere ;• to say ofl' by — , mcmoriter pronuntiare
or recitare, ex memorid exponcre. heart-ache,
n. dolor ; see Grief, Sorrow, heart '. - eak,
n. dolor, heart-breaking, heart-rend-
ing, adj. mistrabilis, rnaestus, acerbus, flebilis.
heart -broken, adj. animo fractus or affile-
tits, heart-burning, n. lig. od>vm occultum
or inclusum (= secret hatred); simultas obs-
diwa (= secret dislike, political enmity, Cic.) ;
dolor (= pain), heartfelt, adj. verus, sincerus,
sinefuco acfallaciis. heartless, adj. 1, = with-
out courage, Hmidus, hvmilis, demissus, comb.
humilis clique demissus (= low, downcast) ; abjec-
tus or abjectior, affiictns, fractus, comb, demissus
fractusque, fractus el demissvs (— with a broken
heart, spirit); perculsus, profligatus, comb, per-
culsus et abjectvs (= prostrated) ; tristis, rnaestus
(= sad, sorrowful) ; 2, = cruel, crudelis, ferreus,
immitis, inhumanus, saemts, severus. Adv.
timide, humili animo, demissc, demisso animo,
humUi atque demisso animo ; abjecte, abjecto or
fracto or affiicto animo, demisso fractoque animo ;
timido animo, tristi animo; cruilr.liter, saei'e,
severe, inhumane, heartlessness, n. crudeli-
tas, severitas, inhumnnitas, saevitia. heart-
shaped, adj. ad cordis speciem foetus, heart-
sick, adj. animo aeger. heart-whole, adj.
nondum amore captus. hearty, adj. 1, verus (=
true, opp. falsus), sincerus (opp. fucatus) ; comb.
sincerus atque verus ; incorrupt us (= genuine, not
bribed, opp. corruptus) ; emididus (= candid) ;
si mplex (— upright) ; integer (= pure) ; apertus
{— open-hearted, opp. tectus), comb, apertus ct
simplex; 2, = vigorous, vcgelus, vividus, vigens
(= fresh in mind and body), n/acer(= lively);
valens,robustus, fortis, firmus (= strong) ; 8, —
cordial, benigmts.bnicrolvs, amicus; to receive a
— welcome, summo studio excipi; to give one a
— welcome, alqm summo studio excipere. Adv.
sincere, vcre, simpliciter, sine fuco «c fallaciis,
alacriter, fortiter,firme, firmiler, benigne, amice.
heartiness, n. 1, reritas, sinceritas, simpli-
citas ; 2, alacritas, fortitudo ; 3, benignitas, ami-
citia, lienevolentia, studium,
hearth, n. focus.
heat, I. n. 1, color (in gen. 'opp. frigus);
ardor(= burning — ),fervor(— roaring—), aestus,
.vs (= scorching, fever — ) ; all these also in
the pi. ; 2, fig. = ardour, impetus, -vs, ardor,
/error (animi), lis; gravitas (= powerfulness,
scil. belli); ivcitatio (= vehemence, impe-
tus), violentia (= violence), ardor juvenilis,
ardor or fervor aetatis (= fieriness of youth);
ira (= anger) ; impetus et ira, impotcntia (=
ungovernableness, excess of passion); iraevn-
dia(— hastiness of temper); 3,= course at a
race, cursus, -us. II. v.tr. 1 (\\t.),(j>cr)calefacere,
fervefacire (esp. in past, part.); 2 (lig.), ical(e)-
faccre, accendere, incendere, infiammarc. heat-
ed, adj., see Hot.
heath, n. 1, =a plant, er'tce, -a, f. (Plin.) ; 2,
= a place overgrown with heath, loca (-orum)
deserta or inculta, campi inculti (= barren
country); 3,= a place overgrown with shrubs
of any kind, silva.
heathen, adj. ethnicus, gentilis, paganus
(Eccl.); otherwise sacrorum Christianorum
erpers ; the — , barbarae gentes.
heave, I. v.tr. = to move upwards, (aty
tollere, extollere,(al)levare ; MMKnere(=toholdup,
scil. arma) ; — a sigh, gemitnm dare, edere. II.
v.intr. t aestunre, fivctvare, t tumesccre, \tomere
(of the waves, etc.), anhelarc (of the breast).
heaven, n. 1, caelum, tj<ohw(= sky) ; t Olym-
pus (= abode of the gods); to praise anyone
or anything to the skies, alqm or nlqd in caelum
tollsfe; n y —I medita JMLivf! 2. = 0Qjl ( Pens
(Oplimus Maximus), di(i), (dci) t supcri; may—,
fulfil your wishes! dt(i) tibi dent (or De us tibi
det) ; if — pleases, si di(i)s (or Deo) placet ;
thank — ! di\i)s (or Deo) gratia ! in the name of
— , per Dcum (or deos) ; for — 's sake! per deos
immortoles I proh deum fidem ! proh deum atque
hominumfdem ; — forbid, di i leliora. heaver-
born, adj. t caeligenus, caelestis, divinus.
heavenly, adj. 1, caelestis, divinus; 2, =
very charming, venustus, bellus. heavenward,
adv. in or ad caelum.
heavy, adj. 1, lit. gravis (opp. levis), ponde-
rosus ; 2, tig. gravis, difficilis, molestus ( =
troublesome) ; it is — to bear, acgre id fero ; it
is a — task for me, grave mihi est alqd ; ~ of
weighty material, gravis (opp. levis); — (=
indigestible) food, cibus difficilis ad conewpten-
dum ; of air, caelum crassum, pingue ; a —
(= rich) soil, solum pingue ; a — (= hard) soil,
solum spissum ; — oppressive, gravis (opp.
levis); magnus (= great, e.g. imbcr magma, —
rain); of speech, jejunus, frigidus ; periculosu*
(= dangerous) ; mortiferius) (= fatal, causing
death); atrox (fearful) ; to labour under a —
disease, graviter aegrotare. Adv. graviter, diffi-
cilitcr, molesle, aegre ; vasto corpore (= — built) ;
magnopere. heavy-armed, adj. qui gravi
armatu sunt, gravioris armatus. heaviness,
n. 1, gravitas, pondus, -eris, n. ; 2, gravitas,
difficultas, molestia ; crassitudo (of the air), solum
pingue or spissum (of ground); = — of mind,
sol(i)icitudo ; anxietas, macror,maestitia, tristitia.
Hebrew, adj. Hebraeus or Hebraicus.
hecatomb, n. hecatombe.
hectic, adj. febriculosus.
hector, v.intr. se jactare. hectoring,
adj. gloriosus,
hedge, I. n. saepes, -is, f. (sep-), saepimentum.
II. v.tr. saepire. hedge-born, adj. teuui loco
ortus; humili or obscuro or ignobili loco natus.
hedge-hog, n. ericius, erinaceus (riin.), echi-
nus.
heed, I. v.tr. 1, = take care, alqd curare,
obserrare; 2, = obey, alci oboedire {obed-),parere.
II. n. cura ; take — , (prae)carcre alqd, ub alqd
re, ut or ne. heedful, adj. 1, cautus, circum-
spectans ; 2, oboediens. Adv. caute, oboedienter.
heedless, 1, = neglectful, neglege.ns (negli-
gens); 2, — rash, temerarius. Adv. neglegcnter,
tcmerc. heedlessness, n. 1, neglcgentia; 2,
temeritas.
heel, I. n. 1, = the hind part of the foot of
man and of quadrupeds, calx ; 2, = whole foot,
to be at one's — s, alcjs vestigiis instate, alcjs
vestigia premere, alqm vestigiis sequi ; to fall head
over — s, ire praccipitcm per caput vedesque ;
II. v.intr. of a ship, labare or in latustabi.
heft, n. manubrium.
heifer, n. juvenca.
height, n. 1, lit. altitudo (e.g. hominis,
mantis, etc.), proceritas (= tallness) ; 2, fig.
altitudo, suolimitus, or by adj. summus witli
special D. (e.g. — of glory, s?(wnio gloria);
3 = high place, locus editus or superior.
heighten, v.tr. 1, = to raise higher, lit. alqd
altiuseferre; 2, = to improve, cferre; = to raise,
to increase, augere ; — to enlarge, amphficure,
exaggerate, (cx)ornare ; — to raise the price of an
article, pretium alcjs rei tjferrt; — to sell at a
higher price, carius vendere alqd.
heinous, adj. foedus (- foul, loathsome, lit,
and tig.); -impious, impius (crga Deum, erga
patriam, ergaparentes) ; = detestable, abominan-
dus, detestandus, detestabilis ; — wicked, vefariiu,
nejdndus, scelestus, sceleratus, immanis, atrox,
flngitiosus, Adv. fbe&e, nefafie, comb, imp\fi
hei
713
Let
nefarieque, nefande, scehste, scelerate, impie, atro-
titer, fiagitiose. neinousness, n. imptitus,
atrocitas, scelus, -eris, n., or /acinus, -oris, n. (=
the act).
heir, n. heres, -edis, m. & f.; the — to the whole
fortune, sole — , heres ex asse ; — to half the
property, heres ex dimidid parte ; to name one
his — , alqm heredem instituere, alqm heredem
{testamento) scribere, facere. heiress, n. heres,
f. heirloom, n. alqd paternmn {et avitum).
heirship, n. hereditas.
hell, n. 1, inferi, Tartar us{os) or pi. Tartara ;
2, eccl. t.t. Gehenna, [a/emus, hellhound,
n. Furia, Erin{n)ys. hellish, adj. infernvs
(lit.); = dreadful, terribilis; — diabolical, ne-
fundus.
hellebore, n. {hyileborus, veratrum.
Hellenic, adj. Graecus.
helm, ii. lit, and fig. gubernaculum ; the
handle of the — , or the — itself, clavus.
helmsman, n. gubernator (lit. and lig.).
helmet, n. cassis, -idis (of metal) ; galea
(originally of skin).
help, I. n. aiixilium(= increase of power, aid
in need, in pi. auxilia, = auxiliaries); subsidium
(= aid ready to be supplied ; in pi. = the re-
serves), ops, f. (only opis, opem, ope in use, =
power to assist), adjumentum (= a means), orna-
jnentum {— a supply or support), praesidium
{— something set before to shield you), sup-
petiae (= present aid, succour, of troops, etc.),
salus, -idis, f. (= rescue, sustentation of exist-
ence), opera (= — in act and deed) ; with any-
one's — , alcjs auxilio or ope or operd, alqo adju-
vante, alqo adjutore, divind ope ; " with the —
of a thing' 1 may be expressed by the ablative
(e.g. with the — of genius and reflection, in-
genio et cogitations). II. v.tr. 1, alqm in alqd re
or ad alqd faciendum (ad)juvare, alci subesse, and
subvenire, succurrere, auxiliari (rare) ; so — me
God, ita me Dexts adjuvet ; — ! subveni, or pi.
subvenite! 2, of food, alqd alci dare, porrigcre,
dividere ; 3, = hinder, I can't — telling, {facere)
non possum quin dicam, so fieri non potest quia.
helper, n. adjutor, adjutrix. helpful, adj.
ittilis, aptus, idoneus ; he is — to me, auxilio
mihi est ; to be — , = Help. Adv. idiliter, apte.
helping, adj. auxiliuris, auxiliarius (more
usually = belonging to auxiliary forces), help-
less, adj. inermis (or -us), inops or auxilii inops,
auxilio orbatus ; thoroughly — , ad summam
omnium rerum inopiam redactus. helpless-
ness, n. inopia. helpmeet, u. socius, con-
sors, -lis, m. and f., maritus (= husband), itxor,
f. (= wife).
helter-skelter, I. adj. praeceps. II. adv.
raptim.
hem, I. n. limbus, instita (both, however, =
fringe or border sewn on). II. v.tr. 1, suere
(= sew); 2, fig. — in, circumsedere, obsidere,
circumvallare (with entrenchments).
hem, I. v.intr. to — and haw, haesitare,
dubitare. II. interj. {e)hem!
hemisphere, n. hemisphaerium.
hemorrhage, n. haemorrhagia (PI in.).
hemp, n. cannabis, -is, f. hempen, adj.
cannabi7Lus.
hen, n. 1, opp. to male, femina ; 2, domestic
fowl, gailina. hen-coop, n. cavea. hen-
house, n. gallinarium {Piin.). hen-pecked,
adj. {maritus) cut uxor imperat.
hence, adv. 1, of place, hinc; as interj.,
apage, procul; 2, of time, by abl. (e.g. paucis
aitbus, a few days — ), or post (e.g. post paucos
dies); 3, — for this reason, hinc, ita, quam ob
23*
rem (or, as one word, quttmohrtm). hence-
forth, henceforward, adv. dehinc, post-
hac.
her, I. pers. pron., see Sub. II. adj. ejus,
illitis, suus (only in ref, to .subj. of sentence).
herald, I. n. 1, raduceator, (legatus) fetiaiU
(= belonging to a college of priests instituted to
declare war or to ratify a peace) ; 2, = public,
crier, praeco ; 3, — forerunner, praenuntlva,
II. v.tr. nuntiare.
herb, n. 1, herba; 2, = kitchen-sl;iff, oliis,
oleris, n. herbage, n. herba or herbae, t gram-
en. herbalist, n. herbarlns.
herculean, adj. firti*siinus{— very strong).
herd, I. n. 1, grex; of large cattle, et<:.,
armentum ; of a — , gregalis, gregarius; in — s, gre-
gatim; 2, = a company of people, grex, multi-
tude, caterva ; the common — , mtlgus, -i, n. II.
v.tr. pascere. III. v.intr. congregari. herds-
man, n. in gen. pastor ; = keeper of large cattle,
armentarius.
here, adv. hie (= where the speaker is); not
far from — , haud procul ; hoc loco, hac regione
(= in this place); from —(hence), hinc; only
— and there, rarus (adv. raro) ; they fought
only — and there, rari praeliabantur; — ami
there, in this and that place, hac atque iliac ;
— (that is, in this thing), hac in re. here-
after, adv. posthac, uliquando. herein, adv.
in hac re. hereupon, adv. ad haec (e.g. ad
haec or adcersus haec respond)!).
hereditary, adj. hereditarily, paternvs (as
transmitted from a parent to a child), heri-
tage, n. = an inherited estate, heredimn, heredi-
tas, patrimonium.
heresy, n. haeresU (Eccl.). heretio, n.
haereticus. heretical, adj. haereticus (Eccl.).
hermaphrodite, n. androgynes, homo utri-
usque sexiis.
hermetically, adv. arte clausus.
hermit, n. homo solitarius, eremita, ana.
chorela, -ae, m. (Eccl.).
hero, n. 1, (= demigod, son of the gods, illus-
trious person), heros,-ois, in. ; 2, = brave man,
vir fortis or fortissimus, duxfurtissimns; 3, = the
principal person in a poem, de quo (fabula) scripta
est; — of the drama, persona prima, heroic,
adj. 1, heroicus (e.g. the — age, aetas heroica, tern-
pora,-um, heroica), praestans; 2, = brave, valiant,
fortis, fortis et ininctus ; = godly, divinus ; =
superhuman, major quam poo homine or plus
qiuim humanus ; = incredible, incredibilis.
Adv. fortiter, invicte, praestanter. heroine,
n. 1, =demi-goddess, heroina, htrois ; 2,=
brave woman, femina fortissima, praestantissima,
etc ; 3, — of a story, de qua {fabula) scripta est.
heroism, n. virtus, -idis, animus fortis or
fortis ei invictus {— brave spirit) ; = greatness of
soul, animi magnitudo.
heron, n. ardea.
hers, pron. suus (in reference to the main
subject) ; ejus, illius (not in reference to the
main subject).
herself, pron. (w) i^su, se, etc. (in ref. to
subj. of sentence).
hesitate, v.intr. 1, dubitare with infln. (but
non dubitare (puin), dubium (= doubtful) or i?icer-
tum{= uncertain) esse ; I — what to do, dubiusat
inctrtussum quidfaciam ; 2, = to get confused in
speaking, haerere, hutsiture. hesitation, n.
1, dubitatio, haesitatio ; 2, hatsitatia, haesitan-
tia linguae.
heterogeneous, adj. diversuset dissimilis.
heterogeneousness, n. natura diversa et
dissimilis.
hew
■14
his
hew, v.tr. caedere, cmuidhe (soil, lignum).
hewer, n. qui liana caedit. hewn, a<lj. quad-
ratus (e.g. sarum).
hexameter, n. hexameter (or -trus).
hey, interj. cja ! age! heyday, n. (aetatis)
Jlos, Jloris, m.. rbbUT, -oris, 11.
hiatus, n. hiatus, -us (in sound) ; there is an
*— (in MS.), alqd deest.
hibernal, adj. hibemus. hibernate, v. intr.
1, = to pass the winter, hibernare ; 2, — to
sleep through the winter, per hiemem dormire or
quiescere.
hiccough, hiccup, n. singultus, -us (PVm.).
hide, I. n. corium, tcrgum, vellus, -tris, n.,
pellis. II. v.tr. abdere, abscondere, condcrc,
celare, oceullre, oceultare ; — and seek, (pmcros)
latitantes conqnirere. hidden, adj. abditus, etc.;
to lie — , latere, hiding-place, n. latibulum.
hideous, adj. foedus, deformis; see Uoly.
Adv. focde. hideousness, n. focditas, de-
formitas.
hierarchy, n. of priests, sacerdotium.
hieroglyphical, adj. *hieroglyphicns,*hier-
ographicus.
higgle, v.intr., see Haggle, higgledy-
piggledy, adv. confuse.
high, I. adj. 1, altus (= the. distance from the
ground, opp. hnmilis, profundus), (ex)cel3us, (in
alt urn) edit us (= raised, opp. planus), clntus (=
lifted up, and specially of words and manner),
erectus (=■ straight up, hence lofty in thought),
(aditu) arduus (= hard of ascent), procerus (=
stretching up, opp. brcvis, used only of things
high by growth), sublimit (= rising from be'
up to heaven), aevtus (= sharp, clear, of tones,
most — , summvs (opp. imus, infimus), snpremus
(in rank, opp. infimus); the — est God, Dens
svpremns, Deus opt imus maximus; fifty feet — ,
quinqunginta pedes alius; to be fifty feet — , in
altitudinem quinquaginta pedum eminere ; 2, a
— price, pretium magnum ; to be of — price,
magni pretii esse, magna constare ; to buy at —
price, magno or (pretio) impenso emere (dear) ;
to rise, to bid — er (at an auction), contra
liceri ; to set a — value on, alqd magni aesti-
mare, alqd magno aestimare, alci rei multum tri-
buere; to stand — , magnum pretium habere; to
stand — er than, praestare alci rei ; 3, fig. it
is too — for me, alqd mente med cssequi or
capere von possum; 4, = bad, of meat, etc.,
rancidus, putcr (pvtris). II. adv. alte; to aim
— , mag Has res (apypetere. high-born, adj.
generosus, nobili loco ortus. high-bred, adj.
1, by birth, generosus ; 2, fig. generosus, ur-
banus. high -day, n. dies fe'stus. high-
flown, adj. tumidus; to use — words, (ini-
pvUari, nullum nudum habere. Mgh-bandcd,
a Ij. siLperbus, imperiosvs. high-heeled, adj.
— boot, cothurnus (of tragedy), highlands,
adj. loca mont(u)osa, -arum: higblander,
n. homo montaniis. highly, adv. magni (e.g.
magni aestima/re, to value — ), wide, magnopere.
high-mettled, adj. arer. high-minded.
adj. magnanimus, generosus. high-minded
ness, n. magnanimitas. highness, n. alti-
tude ; of price, caritas. high-priced, adj.
ranu. high-priest, n. J'ontifer Maximus.
high-shouldered, adj. gibber (= hunch-
backed), high-spirited, adj. generosus,
fortis, animosus. high-treason, n. majestas,
perduellio. high- water, high -tide, n.
plurimus aestus, -us, accessus, -iis. highway,
n. via. highwayman, n. latro, grassator.
hilarity, n. hilaritas (= merriness) ; = joy,
laetitia, animus laetus or hilaris.
hill, n. tollis, m. ; = height, clivus; = mound,
tumulus; = elevated spot, locus edilus or super-
ior; up — , acclivis, adj.; adverse tblle, adv.;
down — , deelivis (opp. acclivis). hillock, n.
tumulus, hilly, adj. \clivosus, mont(u)osus.
hilt, n. capulus.
hind, n. = female stag, cerva.
hind, n. 1, '= servant, dovi'esticus (= house-
servant), servus; 2, = peasant, agricola, rustiens,
arator (= ploughman).
hind, adj. aversus (— wrong side, opp. ad ver-
sus): = that is behind, posterior (= hindei).
hindermost, adj. postremus; (of two) pos-
terior; = the last of a number, uliimvs; = the
most remote, extremus.
hinder, v.tr. impedire, prohibcre alqm or
alqd, (of)) alqa re, quin or quominvs; — in n
thing, impedimenta esse edei (alci rei) ad edqd ;
in gen. impedimentum afferre alci rei faciendae ;
= to be in the way of, cibstare alci and alci rei ;
= to oppose, officere alci and alci rei, prohibde
or arcere alqm alqa re or ab alqd re ; = to retard,
retardare alqm ad alqd faciendum or ab alqd re
facienda or in alqd re ; = to delay a thing,
■moron facere alci rei. aid obstare, officere, or with
quominvs or quin. hindercr, n. turbator (e.g.
pads), = who interrupts anyone in speaking,
interpolator (e.g. sermonis); = interrupter, in-
tcrrentor. hindrance, n. impedimentum. ; —
interruption, interpellatio; = delay, mora; =
difficulty, difficnltas.
hinge, I. n. 1, cardo, m. ; 2, = a leading
principle, caput ; — the main thing in anything,
summa. alejs rei ; the — on which a question
turns, cardo; = the deciding point, momentum,
TI, v.intr. alqd re contineri, in alqd re versari ;
>ee above.
hint, I. n. significaUo; a — is sufficient,
rem astendisse satis est. II. v.intr. alqd alci
sul>(j)icere (= to remind privily).
hip, li, coxendix.
hire, I. n. 1, = hiring, conductio ; 2, = wages,
merces, -edis ; see Wages. II. v.tr. conducere ;
to — oneself out, se or operant suam loeare
(Plautus). hireling, I. n. = one who
serves for wages, homo condveticins, mercenarivs
(i.e. serving for wages), homo (miles) mercede
conductus (= engaged for hire). II, adj. venalis;
see Venal, hirer, n. conductor.
his, adj. suus (in reference to the subject of
the same sentence, and if in a dependent sentence
the subject of the principal sentence is referred
to) ; ejus, illius (if not referring to the subject) ;
— own, suns (proprius) (if referring to the
subject) ; ejus proprius (if not retelling to the.
subject) ; is not expressed in Latin, unless we
wish to speak emphatically.
hiss, I. v.intr. sibilare (resembling tlio
noise made by serpents), sibilum mittere or
(ef)fundere ; to utter a shrilling sound, slridere
(stridere). II. v.tr. (an actor or speaker) sibi-
lare ; to — off (a bad actoroff the stage) (e scaend
sibilis) explodire. III. n. sibiius (poet. pi. sibila).
hist I interj. st I
historian, n. rcrum, [gestarum or antiqna-
rum) scriptor or auettr, in the context only
seriptor ; historkus. historic, adj. historicus ;
— style of writing, genus hisioricum (opp. genus
oratoriuin,ete-.); by historiae rerum (e g. — fldel<
it y, authority, rerum or hi storiae fides, faUshislori-
ca) ; — writings, Kbri ad historiam pertinentes;
according to — truth, ad historiae fidem. Adv.
historice. (Plin. Min.). history, n, historia,
rerum gestarum memoria, res (gestae) , annates.
histrionic, adj. sracnicus (seen-) ; — what
occurs on the scene of action, thetttralis ; — artj
ars ludicra.
hit
715
horn
hit, Lv.tr, 1, lit. ferire, tunders, vercutirc ;
= not to miss, tangere (in gen. = to touch);
to — with a blow, icire ; to be — by lightning,
de caclo tang I or id ; to — the mark, colline-
are or scopum ferire (lit. and flg. but rare) ;
2, — it off =to agree, convenire; to be hard
— , probe factum esse ; — upon, alqm or alqd
(iffendere, in alqm or alqd incidere, incurrere ;
Frov. " you have — the nail on the head," acu
t€tigisti; the word — s we,sermono* tanyit ; to
be — by calamities, calomitate affligi. II. n. 1,
ictuij -us; 2, = a casual event, fors, fortis, f. ;
a lucky — ,fortuna secunda, felicitas; = injury,
plaga; "a— ," hochabet^ = "he has caught it");
3, = a sudden idea, cogitatio repentina.
hitch, I. v.tr. = to join together, conjun-
gfire ; =to tie to, annectere ad or dat. II. n. =
hindrance, impeaimentum.
hither, adv. of place, 7i«o (where the
speaker is) ; — and thither, hue illuc, hue et
illuc, vitro et citro ; by ad in composition (e.g.
to bring — , afferre, apportare ; to fly — , adro-
lare) ; — 1 hue ades ! hitherto, adv. = up to
this time, adhuc, adhuc usque, ad hoc tempus, ad
hunc diem.
hive, I. n. 1, (apium) examen ; 2, = box
for the reception of a swarm of honey-bees,
alms or alveus. II, v.tr. = to — bees, in
alveum congerere.
ho ! interj. hens !
hoar, adj. canvs, t incanus ; — antiquity,
antiquitas ultima, hoar-frost, n. pruina,
pruinae (the latter esp. of continued frost).
hoary, adj. canus, t incanus.
hoard, I. n. (= a large stock) copiu, iacervus ;
to have a — of anything, alqd re abundare. II,
v.tr. e.g. to — money, pecuniamov oiies undiqiie
conquirere (= to collect), coacervore,
hoarse, adj. raucus; a little — ,subraucus;
asper (in gen. opp. lenis) ; to demand till one
becomes. — , usque ad ravim poscere. Adv. raucd
voce, hoarseness, n. rauca vox; — of throat,
f duces raueae.
hoax, I. n. ludificatio, or circumloc. by verb.
II. v.tr. alci illudere, alqm (lepide) ludificari.
hobble, v.intr. claudicare (lit. and flg.).
hobblingly, adv. claudo pede.
hobby, n. 1, = a stick or figure of a horse,
on which boys ride, + arundo ; to ride on a — ,
■requitare in arundine longa; 2, = favourite
object, everyone has his — , trahit quemque sua
voluptas ; to be on one's — , ineptils sziis pktudere.
hobgoblin, n. larva.
hobnob, v.intr. alqo familiariter uti.
hook, n. poples, 4tis, m.
hockey, n. pila; to play — , pilis ludere.
hodge-podge, n. farrago (Juv.).
hoe, I. n. =r a rake for hoeing the ground, ligo,
Hgoiiis, m., marra (Plin.) ; = a rake, harrow
■*o break clods with, rostrum; (if a small one)
rastellus ; = a weeding-hook, sarculum. II.
v.tr. sarrire (= to weed with a hook).
hog, n. sms, suts, m. and f., porous, hog-
gish, adj. 1, lit. suillus; 2, fig. see Gluttonous.
hogshead, n. dolium (= cask).
hoist, v.tr. sublevare, tolllre ; — sails, vela
dare.
hold, I. n. 1, = grasp, mantis, -iis, f.; to take
— , prehendere ; 2, see Prison ; 3, of a ship,
alveus (= hull), caverna ; 4, fig. to have a —
over, alqmdevinctum or obligatum habere, multum
apud alqm valere. II, v.tr. 1, = to have, tenere;
UabSre, obtinere, possidere (— to possess), gestare
(=to carry) ; — an office, gerere (e.g. praeturam) ;
2,= to contain, capere. eonUnen ; 3, — to uphold,
sustinere, sustentare ; 4, = to keep against attack,. •
defendere ; 5, = to conduct, agere, habere (e.g.
comitia, an election) ; — a festival, celebrare ; 6,
see Consider, Think, III. v.intr. = to hold
good, certum esse; it — s, (res) conrenit cum alqv
re, in or ad alqd ut or ace. and infill.; — back,
retinere, cunctari (= to delay); — forth (=ti/
extend) porrigere, extendlre; = to propose, fig.
proponere, proferre, praebere ; = to discourse,
contionari ; — in, lit. equum inhibere ; flg. re-
primire, cohibere ; — on, — one's course, curswm
tenere ; — out (= to endure) durare, (alqd) sus-
tinere, perferre; — up, see Hold, II. 3 ; — With,
cum alqo consenlire, convenire. holder, n. 1, is
qui tenet ; — of land, possessor ; conductor (= ten-
ant), colonus; 2, = something by which a tliiDg
is held, retinaculum, cupulus (= handle), hold-
fast, fibula (— clasp), retinaculum, holding,
n. = possession, possessio.
hole, n. 1, cavum (= hollow place in gem,
mouse's — , etc.), foramen (= an opening in or
through a solid body), rima (= a chink), lacuna
(= a pit, a pool); to bore a — , pertundere ; 2,
= a small, miserable hut, a wretched — , gur-
gvstium.
hollow, I. adj. 1, (con)cavus ; eaten up, hol-
lowed out, exesus (e.g. exesae arboris truncus); —
teeth, denies exesi(P\in.) ; the — hand, manuscuva
or concava (e.g. of a beggar holding his hands in
that way) ; to make — , alqd (cx)cavare ; 2, =
deep, hoarse in sound, fuscus (= the lone of tho
voice, opp. candidus), asper, raucus ; 3, = not
sincere, vanus (= empty), simulatus, fucatw, fu-
casus (= with only the outward appearance) ; seo
False. II. n. cavum, foramen ; see Holh ;
= valley, convallis, voiles (vallis), -is, m. III.
v.tr. (ex)cavare.
holy, adj. sucer (= sacred to the gods, opp.
profanus); = under div-ine protection, inviol-
able, sanctus; inviolable (i.e. protected by tho
sanction of a heavy penalty), sacrosanctus (e.g.
memoria); = what is held in veneration, reliy-
iosus (e.g. tombs, oaths); = august, venerable,
augustus; =with godly fear, pius erga Deum ;
= reverend, venerandus, vcnerabilis. Adv, sane?
te, religiose, pie, auguste. Holy Ghost, n,
* Spiritus Sanctus. holiness, n. sanctitas,
religio (attaching to an object of regard), caeri-
monia (rare), pittas erga Deum.
homage, n. cultus, -Us (e.g. Dei), observaiUia ;
in feudal times, *lwmagium. ■ .
home, I. n. domus, -us (irreg.), domicllium (=
household), familia, patria (= mother-country),
sedes et domicilium; at — , domi, inter suos ; to
be at — , domi esse, in patria esse; at my — , domi
meae (tuae, etc.) ; at — and abroad, domi milt,
tiaeque ; from — , domo ; at Caesar's — , in domu
Casaris, domo Ccesaris ; to remain at ~, domi
(re)mancre ; to keep at — , publico oarlre or se ab-
stinere, in publicum non prodire, domi sedere ; he
is not at — , est foris (= he is out) ; he is at — , est
intus ; to sup from — , foris cenare ; to go — ,
ire domum. II. adj. domesticus, familiaris ;
to strike — , ferrum adigire ; to come — to one,
alqd sibi dictum putarc. home-baked, adj.
domi coclus. home-bred, adj. domesticus,
intestinus, vernaculus. homeless, adj. pro?
fugus, extorris (= exiled), patrid or domo carens.
homely, adj. simplex, inornatus. homeli?
ness, n. simplicitas. home-made, »dj,
domesticus.
homicidal, adj. see Murperous. homi-
cide, n. 2 murder, caedes, -is; 2, — murderer,
homicida, m. and f. ; see Murder, Murderer.
homily, n. oratio quae de rebus divini*
habetur.
homoeopathy, n. ea modendi ratio gua«
horn
716
hor
similia mortis adhibtt remedia (Riddle and
Arnold).
.homogeneous, adj. ejlisdem generis, eodem
genere. homogeneity, n. natura simiiis,
genus simile.
homologous, adj. by par, simiiis, simiiis
in alqd re ratio.
homonymous, adj. eodem nomine.
honest, adj. bonus, probus ; — without
trickishness, sineerus, sine fuco etfallaciis; —
one in whose words and actions we may trust,
fldus; = frank, simplex, candidtis; — genuine,
antique'/ fide ; = pure, unstained, integer, sanctus,
incarruptus ; to lose one's — name, boni riri
nomen amitterc. Adv. probe, integre, sancte, sine
fraude ; sine fuco et fallaciis (= without deceit) ;
simpliciter, candide (= candidly;, honesty, n.
:.= uprightness, probitas ; = moral purity, v
tude, integrity, vitegritas, sunctitas ; =iunoceiii
heart, innoeenlui ; — sincerity, sinceritas; =
trustworthiness, fides, comb, integritas et fides ;
= noble mind, animus ingenuus, ingenuitas ; =
carefulness (as regards other people's property),
abstinentia ; to show — , fidem adhibere in alqd
re; = candour, simplicitas ; = decency, dis-
creetness, cast Has, sanctitas, pudicitia.
honey, n. mel ; his language is as sweet as
— , loqnenti illi mella profluunt, hence also sweet-
ness of language, dvlcedo orationis or suavitas
(= mildness); my — (= my darling), dcliciae
meae, volvptas mea. honeycomb, n. facus ; to
take the — , favum eximere ; the cell of a — ,
cavum. honeymoon, n. dies conjvgio facto
laeti. honeyed, honied, adj. l, melliius ;
2, lig. dulris,
honorary, adj. honorarivs(= lor the sake of
giving honour), honorarium, n. see Fee.
honour, I. n. 1, = official distinction, dig-
nitas, honos {hou&r), honoris gradus, -us; highest
— , amplissimus dignitatis gradus; 2, = moral
quality, honestas, honos; 3, = reputation, fama,
existimotio; of a woman, = chastity, pudor,
pudicitia; 4, = respect felt, verecundia ; 5, =
mark of respect, honos; to pay the last— , justa
ilcifarh-e or solvere. II. v.tr. 1, = celebrate,
honorare, decorare.celebrare ; 2, = esteem, colere,
diliqere, rereri. honourable, adj. honoratus
(= very much honoured, e.g. the army, militia);
causing or bringing honour, honcstus, honorificus,
honorcibilis (very seldom, although once in Cic.) ;
= proper, decorus ; — praiseworthy, laudabilis,
laude digitus, praedicabilis ; = glorious, gloriosus
(e.g. mors); = excellent, distinguished, egregius ;
to thank a person in the most — terms, alci
gratias noire singula.) ibus or ampiissimis verbis.
Adv. lumeste, cum dignitute ; — in a manner con-
ferring honour, homnijice ; most — , honorificen-
tissime, summo cum lio)iore ; to die — , bene mori ;
= in a manner deserving of praise, UiudabilUer,
cumlaiule; gloriole; egregie, eximie.
hood, n. — covering for the head used by
females, mitra. mitella ; a fillet of net-work for
covering the hair, reticulum, hoodwink, v.tr.
alci illiidere, alqm ludificari, fallen:
hoof, n. ungula; cloven — , ungula bisnlea
(Plin.).
hook, I. n. 1, hamiis (plsearius), uncus (= a
large iron — ); by — or by crook, quocunque
inodo ; 2, = a sickle, falx. II. v.tr. to — a
fish, hamu piscari, homo pisces cave re ; to — on,
alci rei or in alqd re. suspendere. hooked, adj.
aduncus ; = having — s, hamatus.
hoop, ii. cireulua (= anything circular) ; an
Iron — set round with rings as an amusement
for boys, trochus.
hoopoe, n. upupa, epops, -opis, ni.
hoot, v.imr. (of owls), canere ; (of men), run'-
fcrari, alci obstrrperc ; — off the stage, alqm
explode/re. hooting, n. caiitus, -us, carmen (of
owls), voces, vocijeratio, clamor (of men).
hop, v.intr. (of birds), saKre(Plin.) ; (of men).
alteropede saltuatim currere.
hope, I. n. sjtes (opp. fiducia = confidence);
meton. Cicero our last — , spes reliqua nostra,
Cicero; — (from the fact of a thing being con-
sidered likely), opinio; = expectation, m(s)jw-
tatio ; a gleam of — , specula; — of, spes alejs ri i
(e.g. of immortality, immortalitatis); = proba-
bility of, opinio ulcjs rei ; I have — that, etc.,
spcro fore vt, etc. ; I have no — in, despero dr.
alqd re (e.g. de republicd) ; if there is, or will be,
— , si est, or erit, spes (e.g. of returning, reditfts).
II. v.tr. sperare, aecus. or accus. and (l'ut.)inlin.,
confidere. hopeful, adj. 1, = full of hope, spe
animogue imputus (= filled with hope and cour-
age); 2, = having qualities which excite hope
(e.g. a son, daughter, pupil, etc-.), bouae spei, qui
spent bonae indolis dot, de quo bene sperare possis ;
very — , optima or egregiae or summae spei, eximid
spe. Adv. cum magna spe. hopeless, adj.
spe carens, spe orbatus, s]>e deject us, teaspes(= one
who has no hope) ; = one who must be given up,
dtsperatvs. Adv. sine spe, despemnter (rare).
hopelessness, n. desperatio (as mental
quality), res desperatae (= of affairs).
horde, n. grex, grcgis, m. ; caterra (of
ptjple) ; = wandering tribe, rogus with noun
(e.g. — of Gaetulians, Gaetuli vagi).
horizon, n. 1, lit. * horizon, Jiniens circtdus ;
the sun passes the — , snl emergit de subterrancd
parte, s<>! emergit supra terram; 2, tig. = the
sky in gen. caelum (e.g. a clear — or sky, caelum
racuum); = view, a(d)epectus, -its (= view from a
mountain); conspectus (= sight) ; a thing limits
our — , alqd a(d)spcctwn ■nostrum defiuit ; 3, tig. =
limits of the understanding (e.g. a thing goes,
lies beyond my — , alqd in inteltegentiom menm
-non ca'dit). horizontal, adj. aequus, libratit.t.
Adv. ad libram.
horn. n. 1, lit. cornu ; 2, fig- = the horns of
the moon, cornua Ivnae; 3, = drinking-cup,
poculum; 4, = musical instrument, cornu,
bnccina, tuba; to blow the — , cornu or buc-
cinant injlare. horned, adj. corniger, cornu-
tus. hornless, adj. non comutus; (of an
animal by nature without horns, or if it has lost
them through butting) mutilvs (cornibus).
horny, adj. corneus.
hornet, n. crabro.
horn-pipe, u. saltatio.
horoscope, n. noroscop«s (Pers.) ; to cast a
— , sidera natalicia notare.
horrible, horrid, adj. Itarrendus, honibi-
lis, ierribilis, nefarius, nefandus, foedus. Adv.
trrribile-m in modum, ncfarie, foede. horrible-
neSS, n. focdilas, better use adj. with n. (e.g.
the — of the thing, res horrenda). horrify,
v.tr. (cx)tcrrere, perterrere, obstupefaclre ; to be
horrified, o&stitpescere. horror, n. 1, = fear,
horror, timor, pa cor ; 2, = hati-ed, odium; 3,
= a monster, a perfect — , monstrum portentum.
horse, n. 1, cguus (ecus), equa (the name
of the species) ; common — , cuballus ; a
Gallic — , mannus; a swift, fleet — , veredus;
a gelding, caitterius ; a nag, caballus; 2, =
cavalry, equites, -urn, equitatus, -us; to ride
on — , cepuo vchi, equitare; to tight on — , f.r
equo pugnare. horsebreaker, n. equorum
domitor ; higher groom, for breaking in horses,
erpiiso (ante and post class.), horse-cloth,
n. stratum, horse-dealer, n. qui opws
vendit. horse-flesh, n. 1, = meat, caro
hor
717
hue
equina; 2, = horses, equi. horse-fly, n.
oestrus, tabanus. horsehair, n. pilus equinus.
horse-laugh, n. m' risug, -iis, cachinnus.
horseman, n. eques, -itis, m. horseman-
ship, n. equitandi ars. horse-race, n.
curriculum equorum, cursus (-us) equorum or
equester ; equorum certameu (as a contest).
horse -Shoe, n. solaa fcrrea (in ancient
times solca spartea or simply sjnrtca, because
they were only like slippers put on and taken
off, and made of broom), horse-soldier, n.
eques, -itis, in. horse -stealer, n. fur.
horse-whip, n. see Whip.
hortative, adj. hortans, monens; see Ex-
hortation, hortatory, adj. inonens.
horticulture, n. hortorum cultura or
cultus, -us.
■ hose, n. see Stockings.
hospital, n. nosocomlum (voaoKopuov, Jet.);
valetudinarium (Jet.).
hospitality, n. hospitium (—the relation
of — ). hospitable, adj. hospi talis, liberalis.
Adv. hospitaliter, liberaliter.
host, n. 1, hospes, -itis, m., or ccnae pater (at a
feast); 2, for gain, caupo (— a tavern-keeper);
to reckon without your — , spe fmstrari.
hostess, n. hospita.
host, n. 1, = number, multitude; a — of,
sescenti (sexc-) ; 2, = army, exercitus, -us.
hostage, n. obses, -idis, m.
hostel(ry), n. caupona. hostler, n. stabu-
larius (in gen.), agdso (= groom).
hostile, adj. = belonging to a public enemy,
by the gen. pi. hostium, hostilis (class, only in
the meaning of acting as an enemy in times
of war; hence, a — country, hostilis terra or
regio) ; — anything in the possession of the
enemy, hosticm ; = unfriendly, iiiimicus, infes-
tus, comb, infeiisus atque iiiimicus, iiiimicus infen-
susque. Adv. hostilitcr, iiiimicc, infeste, infense.
hostility, n. animus infestus, inimicitia ; =
hatred, aversion, odium; in the pi. hostilities,
hostilia, -hun, n.; helium ( = war); to com-
mence — , helium facere.
hot, adj. 1, lit. calidus, fervidus, ferveiis (=
seething), candens (= of a white heat), aestuosus,
ardens, \ flagmns ; 2, fig. calidus, fervidus, fer-
vens, flagrans, aeer, aoid.us ; see Eager; to be
— , fervere, candere, aestuare ; to become — ,
fervescere, t effervescere, incalescere,(in)candescere;
to make — , cnlefaccre, fervefacere. Adv. calide,
fervide, fcrventer, acriter, avide. hotbed, n.
I, lit. locus slercoratus ; 2, fig. semen (= seed).
hotheaded, adj. iracundus, ingenio praeccps,
temerarius, imprudens. hothouse, n. see Hot-
bed, Greenhouse.
hotel, n. deversorium, cavpow (—a. tavern),
hospitium.
hound, I. n. canis(venaticus), cauis venator ;
to keep a pack of — s, canes alere ad venandum.
II. v.tr. to — on, alqm instigare, urycre, laces-
sere, stimularc, incitarc.
■ hour, n. hora ; the space of an — , horac spa-
tium ; the — s of the night, nocturna tempora,-wn;
half an — , semihnra ; what — is it? quota hora
est ? his last — , hora novissivux or suprema ; in
his last — , eo ipso die, quo e vitd excessit ; leisure
— s, tempus otiosum; tempus subsicivum, to spare
a few — s from one's studies, alqd subsicivi tem~
poris studiis suis suhlrahlre ; from — to — , in
horas. hour-glass, n. horologium. hourly,
adj. singulis horis.
house, I. n. domus, -us, f. (irreg.), (= the
place of abode, also those who inhabit it, the
family), aedes, aedificium, domicilium (specially
the dwelling); villa (—country — ); insula (=z
— let out in portions), tectum (—a. covering or
roof), familia (= tho family), stirps, -is, (., genus,
■eris, n. (= the race or clan), ret familiaris (—
house affairs) ; from — to — , per domos, ostiatim
(= from door to door), house-servants, u.
familia (= slaves, as with the ancients), famuli
domestici (as now). II. v.tr. 1, = to take into
one's — , domo excipere ; 2, = to store, eondcrc.
housebreaker, n. fur. household, I. n.
domus, -us, t., familia, omnes sui (»iei, etc.).
II. adj. domesticus ; — gods, lares, -um, in.,
penates, -ium. householder, u., paterfamilias.
house-keeper, n. quoje res domesticas rfi's-
pensat. house-keeping, n. cura rei domes-
ticae. house-maid, n. ancilla. house-
warming, n. to give a — , doinum. amicis
exceptis tauquam inaugurare. house-wife,
n. hera. house-wifery, n. diligentia, cura
domestica.
hovel, n. tugurium, gargustium.
hover, v.intr. circum volitare (lit. and
fig-)-
how, adv. 1, as interrog. particle, qui? quid?
= in or according to what manner? quomodo?
qucmadvwdum? (to express surprise), quid?
quidvis? — are you? — do you do? = quomodo
vales ? ut vales ? — does it happen that, etc. ? =
qui tandem Jit, ut, etc.? = what now, or what
then? quid porro? = but what? quid vero? =
— many? = quot? — few I = quolusquisque I
(e.g. — few philosophers are there that, etc.!
quotusquisque philosophus est, qui, etc. !) —
often? = quotie(ii)s ? — great? =quantus? —
dear ? — much ? what price ? = quanti ?
quanto ? 2, in exclamations, quam, quanta-
pere ; — well you have done ! = quam benefecis-
ti! — much could I wish? = quam or quanto-
pere vellem I — dissatisfied he was, felt with
himself! = ut sibi ipse displicebat ! Very often
merely the accus. of the noun (e.g. — blind I am
that I could not foresee that ! = me caecum, qui
haec ante non vidcrim ! — treacherous arc the
hopes of men ! — short their earthly happiness !
— vain all their efforts ! = o fallacem hominum
spem ! o fraailem fortunam et inaues nostras cou-
tenliones .') 3, as a relative adv. = by what means,
quemadmodum (= according to what, etc.); =
by what means, quomodo ; = in what manner,
qud ratione ; - under what conditions, circum-
stances, quo pacto ; they fix — to carry out the
remainder, = reliqua, qua ratione agiplaceat, con-
stituunt; I don't know — this always happens,
= nescio quo pacto semper hoc Jit. howbeit,
adv. (at)tamen. however, I. adv. quamvis,
quamiibet, quanlumvis (e.g. — great, quamvis
magnus). II. conj. sed, autem, (al)tamen, nihil-
ominus.
howl, I. v.intr. ululare (from the sound,
referring to dogs, wolves, human beings); of
the roaring of the wind, fremere ; of the loud
cries of women at funerals, ejulare; to weep
aloud, moan, plorare, lamentari ; comb, ejulare
atque lamentari. II. n. ululatus ; ejulatus, plo-
ratus (all. -us), ejulatio ; or, of several together,
comploratio, lamentatio.
hubbub, n. tumultus, -vs.
huckster, I. n. caupo, inslitor. II. v. intr.
caupo nam excrc&re.
huddle, n. turba; huddled together, con-
ferti.
hue, n. color.
hue, n. = exclamation, voces, -um, p\.,clainor,
vocifcratio ; see Cry ; to raise (= order) a — and
cry by land and by water, terrd marique ut alqs
conquiratur, praemandare.
huf
'18
hus
huff, n. impeius, -fis(= fit); ira r iracundia ;
be in a — , irasci, moleste ferre.
hug, I. v.tr. ampledi, compler.ti ; — the shore,
litus t amare ; — oneself, sejactarc, gloriari, II.
n. complerus, -vs.
huge, a(l,j. immnnis, vastus (= immense in
gen.); immensus(= unusually great), largo =in-
gens (e.g. tree, arbor; sum of money, pecunia;
genius, talent, ingtnivm); of — depth, immensd,
infinitd altUudiiie. Adv. valdc, magnopere.
hugeness, n. magnitude/, moles (= bulk).
hulk, n. (— the body of a ship), alveus navis.
hull, n. the — of a nut, cortex; folliculus
(= little bag, hence husk).
hum, I. v.intr. fremere, strcpere, + susurrare,
murmurarc, murmur edere ; stridorem edire; =
to buzz, bombum facere ; = sing softly, sceum
canere, cantare. II. n. fremitus, -us (in gen.);
murmur, -iiris, n. (of men and bees), t susarrus,
stridor, bomb us, comprobatio (— applause). III.
interj. hem!
human, adj. humanus; by the gen. pi.
hominum (e.g. — vices and errors, hominum vitia
et errores); = mortal, mor talis; — feelings (in
gen.), humanitas. Adv. liumano modo (= after
the manner of men), humane, adj. = kind,
affable, misericors, clemens. Adv. clementer.
humaneness, n. dementia, misericord ia.
humanity, n. 1, = peculiar nature of man,
natura or condicio hvmana; 2, = mankind,
human race, humanum or hominum genus, -eris,
n., gens humana; 3, = kind feelings, humani-
tas, dementia, viisericordia. humanize, v.tr.
= to make a person more civilized, alqm hu-
manum reddcre, cxcolere; see Civilize, hu-
mankind, n. genus humanum.
humble, I. adj. humilis; = lowly, meek,
zubmissus, demtisus (opp. etatus) ; = modest,
-modestus, moderatus, vcrecundus ; = suppliant,
suppler, comb, humilis et supplex (e.g. oratto);
= low, humilis (e.g. humili loco ortus); to sliuw
oneself — , sidmisse se gercre. Adv. demisse,
submisse, simplicitcr, humiliter (= meanly),
modeste, moderate, comb, modestc ox modern re
(— without ostentation); to be — disposed,
vnimo esse snbmisso ; to request — , svpplici-
bus verbis orare ; to entreat very — , multis
verbis et supplicem. orare. II. v.tr. = to break
anyone's bold spirit, infringer?, frangere alqm
or alcjs audaciam, comprimcre alcjs audacknn,
comb, frangere alqm et comminucre; to — o:i
self, se or animum submittere, submisse se gercre,
comprimere animos suos. humbling, humili-
ating, adj. use n. dedecus, -oris, n. (e.g. he
found it — , quod dedecori esse putavit). hu-
miliation, n. dedecus, -oris, n. ; see Dis-
grace, humility, n. = lowness of spirits,
animus submissus, demissus = lowness of origin,
humilitas ; = modesty, modestia; *humilitas (as
a Christian virtue).
humbug, I. n. gerrae, nugac, tricae. II.
v.tr. a'.ci illudcre, alqm ludificn.re, aid verba dare,
alqm circumvenire, circumducere.
humdrum, adj. incrs, tardus, segnis (=
sluggish).
humid, adj. humidus, humectus (ante and
pest class.), humidity, n. humor.
humour, I. n. 1 (= fluids of animal bodies),
humor ; 2, — temper, (animi) ofectio or affectus,
•Us; ingenium, natura; arbitrary — , libido
(lib-); in gen., = propensities, studio., -orum ;
= general temper of the mind, animi habitus,
••2s; temporary — , o.nimi mbtus, -us; dispo-
sition in gen., animus ; = inclination, voluntas;
= a quiet disposition, animus tranquillus; the
best — towards, tumma in alqm voluntas ; to be
in good — , bent affectum isse; to be in ill- — ,
male affectum esse, moros urn esse ; ill- — , natura
diJUcilis, vwrosit((s ; violent — , asperitas (i.e.
harshness) ; in the — , ex libidine, ad arbitrium
suum; — as one thinks proper, arbitrio suo ;
comb, ad arbitrium suum (nostrum, etc.) libidl-
nemque; I am in the — , libet (!nb-) mild alqd.
faccrc; 3, = that quality by which we give to
one's ideas a ludicrous turn, lepos (lepar), -6)is,
m. (in the whole character, also in a written
work), fesliritas (= mirth, wit ; also in a written
work) ; facetiousness or — in speech, eavillatio
(= raillery) ; jocus ; facetiae. II. v.tr. aid
obtemperare ; indulgere, alci morem gercre, mori-
gerari. humourist, n. 1, homojocosus, lepidus,
facetus, festivus; 2, = an ill-tempered man,
homo difficilis, morosus. humoursome, adj.
difficilis, morosus, difficilis ac morosus.
hump, n. tuber, -eris, n. (Plin., e.g. of a
camel) ; a bunch in any part of the body (espec.
on the back), gibber, -eris, n. (Plin.). hump-
backed, adj. gibber.
hunch, n. see Hump.
hundred, adj. centum; every — , centcni,
-ac, -a (also = — at once) ; a subdivision of the
Roman people into centuries or — a, ccnturia;
of a — , — years old, centenarius ; a — times,
centie{n)s ; a — thousand, centum mil(l)ia ; —
years, centum anni ; aspace of one — years, cen-
tum annorum, spatium ; a century, a generation,
saeculum. hundred-fold, adj. t centuphts,
t centuplicatus ; to bear fruit a — , cum ccntesimo
eferre. hundred-handed, adj.icentimanus.
hundred-headed, adj. fcenticeps. hun-
dredweight, n. ce nt u(m)pondium (ante class.).
hunger, I. n. fames, -is; lit. and lig., —
after gold, fames auri ; — starvation, inedia;
— is the best cook, cibi condimentum fames.
II. v.intr. esurire ; to — after, alqd sitire, alcjs
rei avidum esse, hungry, adj. eswriens, jejunus,
famelicus (ante and post class.). Adv. avide ;
see Eagerly.
hunt, I. v.tr. venari; — after, alqd [con)sec-
tari. II. n. venatio, venatus, -us. hunter,
huntsman, n. venator. huntress, n. vena-
trix.
hurdle, n. crates, -is.
hurl, v.tr. jacere, jaculari, con(j)iccre. hurl-
ing, n. conjectns, -lis.
hurly-burly, n. tumultus, -us; see Tumult,
2"oise.
hurrah, see Huzza.
hurricane, n. tempestas(foeda), turbo, -inis,
m. (= whirlwind), procella.
hurry, I. v.tr. accelerare ; impellcre, incitarc,
excita re(— to rouse), rapere(= to carry oil') , u rgire
(— to press on), stimulare, stimulos alci admovere.
II. v.intr. festinare, properare,maturare ; whither
are you — ing? quo le agis? — about, discurme
(in different directions), trepidare ; — away,
abripcre, rapcre, trahere(— to drag) ; — on, matu
rare, urgere, festinare. III. n. festinatio, tre.
pidatio '(= alarm), hurried, adj. propem*,
citatus, citus, praece.ps. Adv. festinanter, propere,
cursim, raptim.
hurt, L v.tr. 1, lit. atom laedere, alci nocere;
2, fig. laedere ; to be — , 'alqd aegre ferre, II,
v.intr. dolere (e.g. it — s, dolet, mostly ante class,
and colloquial). III. n. 1, = a wound, vulnus,
-eris, n. ; 2, — injury, damnum. IV, adj. 1,
sancivs(= wounded); 2, fig. conturlatus, tristis.
hurtful, adj. noccn-s, noxius, perniciosus, eri-
tiosus, exitialis, dawnosvs. Adv. pernicioss.
hurtfulness, n. pernicies.
husband, I. n. marUus, vir, «onju(n)x, -ugis,
in. and f. ; a young married man, novus mwrttus
II. v.tr. rem fcmiliwem curare, a?ef. rei parx&re
hus
719
ide
husbandman, n. agricola, m. arator (=s
ploughman), husbandry, n. 1, res rustica,
res rusticae (= the occupations of a farmer) ;
= agriculture, agricullura, agricultio (or as
two words) ; 2, = care of domestic affairs, euro,
rerum domesticarum ; 3, = economy, as, good
■ — > frugalitas.
hush, I. interj. tt! face, pi. ladle. IL v.tr.
restingucre, ex(s)tinguere(e.g. tum.ultu.rn, to — the
crowd) ; to — cares, alcjs animum lenire et pla-
cure, placare et mitigare ; to — up a rumour,
ritmorem opprimere ; see Suppress.
husk, u. folliculu.% gluma. husky, adj.
(sub)raucus ; see Hoarse.
hustings, n. suggestus, -us (suggestum) (=
platform), comitium (= place of election).
hustle, v.intr. alqm cubito offendere, premere.
hut, n. casa (= a small — , cottage), tugurium,
hutch, n. cavea (= cage).
huzza, I. inter}, eja ! eje ! evo'e! io ! io ! II.
ii. (= a shout of joy), clamor et gaudium. Ill,
v.intr. (ac)damare, conclamare, succlamare ; see
Shout.
hyacinth, n. hyacinthus (hyacinthos).
Hyades, n. Hyades, -urn, f. ; suculue (mis-
translation of uaats, as though from 8s = pig,
instead of vetf = to rain).
Hymen, n. Hymen or Hymcnacus. Hy-
meneal, adj. nuptialis.
hymn, I. n. hymnus ; = in honour of Apollo
or other gods, a song of triumph, paean, -uuis,
in. II. v.tr. cantu alcjs laudes prosequi.
hyperbole, n. hyperbole (or hyperbola), -cs,
f., ceritatis superlalio et trajectio. hyperboli-
cal, adj. veritatis modum excedens.
Hyperborean, adj. + Hypcrboreus.
hypercritical, adj. miquus, secerns. Adv.
tumid cum seucritate. hypercriticism, n.
nimia sevcritas.
hypochondria, n. atra or nigra bills.
hypochondriacal, adj. melancholicus.
hypocrisy, n. (dis)simulatio, /raus, -dis, f.,
mendacium; without — , ex animo.
i hypocrite, n. (disynmulator. hypocriti-
cal, adj. simulatus, jictus. Adv. simulate, jidc.
hypothesis, n. opinio, sentential opinion),
ratio, condicio (= condition), conjectura (=: con-
jecture); on this — , quo posito, quibus posilis.
hypothetical, adj. opinabilis. Adv. to speak
— , ex conjectura or de re opinabili dicere ; if this
he — granted, hoc concesso or posito.
hysteria, n. 1, med. tt. * hysteria; 2, =
excitement, furor, animi or mentis motus, -us,
commotio, animus (com)motus. hysterical,
adj. 1, hystericus (Plin.); 2, \ ft'.rens, mente
(coin)inohis.
I.
I, pron. ego, egomet. It is generally only ex-
pressed in Lutia when we wish to speak em-
Ehatieally. The plural is frequently used in
atin for I. — myself, ego ipse, egomet ipse,
■ps-: ; — at least, ego quidem, equidcin.
iambic, I. adj. iambeus. II. n. iambus.
ice, n. glacies, gelu,; to break the — , fig. viam
aperire. ice-berg, n. glaciei moles, -is. ici-
cle, n. t stiria. icy, adj. 1, lit. glacialis,
gilidus, friqidus; 2, fig. use superbus. Adv.
superbe.
idea, a. ' = — of anything-, notio (r.oiior.em
appello, quod Graeci turn iwoiav, tum'np6kr)\!nv
dlcunt. Ea est insita, et ante percepts, cujusqu*
formaecognitio,enodationisindigens, Cic); = the
apprehension of anything, intellegentia(intellig-),
intellectus, -us (Quint); the — which we form
therefrom, opinion, opinio ; = the picture we
have of anything, imago, effigies ; = the expecta-
tion we base upon the latter, ex(s)pectalio ; =■ the
— formed of anything, informatio ; the — we
form, an image to the mind, species, idea, (=
thought) cogitatio ; — the meaning of anything,
vis,vis,f.,sententia; an original, innate — , notio in
animis informala; notio animis impressa ; insita
et quasi consignata in anirnis notio ; innata cog-
nitio ; praenotio insita or insita praeceptaque
cog nitio ; quod naturainsculpsit inmentibus; =au
innate — of God, informatio Dei animo antecepta ;
obscure — , cognitio indagationis indigens ; to
form a correct — of, rede sent ire dc alqd re ; to
have no — of, nolionem alcjs rei nullam habere, alqd
ignorare ; to have a false, wrong — of, prava de
alqd re sentire; to have a clear — of, perspectum
habire alqd ; much depends on what — you have
of the office of a tribune, plurimum rej'crt quid
esse tribunalum putes ; we have not all one and
the same — abill-
advised, adj. inconsultns, tcmerarius; see
Rash, ill-affected, adj. 1, = unfriendly,
inimicus, infestus ; 2, = disloyal, infidelis ;
— citizens, cives turbulenti et mali. ijl-bred,
adj. humanitatis erpers, inurbanus. ill-breed-
ing, n. mores inurbani; inhumanitas. ill-
fated, adj. infelix, miser; see Unhappy.
ill-favoured, adj. see Ugly, ill-gotten,
adj. mate partus, ill-health, n. valetudo in-
firnxa. ill-made, adj. informis, deformis
(by nature, opp. to formasus), male factus (by
art), ill-matched, adj. impar ; see UN-
ill
721
imm
rqual. ill-mannered, adj. see Ill-bred.
ill -nature, n. malignitas. ill-natured,
adj. Morumui, difficilis, iiutlignus. illness, D.
morbus, aegrotatio, valeludo infirma, adversa,
incomnioda or tenuis. ill - omened, adj.
dines, infaustus, inauspicatus. ill temper,
il. stomackus, morositas, malignitas, iracundia.
illegal, adj. legi repugnans, rontrarius, quod
Contra leges fit / = contrary to the law of God
and man, contra jus faeque) contra fas et jus.
Adv. contra legem or leges; praetor leges or jus;
illegality, n. by the adj.
illegible, adj. qui, quae, quod legi noil
potest ; to be — , legi non posse.
illegitimate, adj. 1, incertopatre natus, spu-
rius (Jet.) ; pellice ortus, nothus (i/60os = a bas-
tard) (Quint.), (/Offtrtrfref/ij/ft-),^ a person whose
parents were of different countries', or one of
whose parents was a slave); 2. in gen. = unlaw
ful, iion legitimus (not illcgitimus), quod contra
leges fit ; hdud ex legibils ; 3, = not genuine,
adulterated, adulterinus. Adv. non legitime,
haud ex legihus, contra leges.
illiberal, adj. illiberalis (— unwoffchy of a
free man, e.g. a joke, jocus), = mean, ungenerous,
eordidus, parous, avarus, malignus. illiber-
ality, n. illiberalilas, avaritia, parsimonia
(pare-), matignilas.
illicit, adj. inconcessus, fetiZ^S (^prohibited),
nefas, n. indecl. (= contrary to human aiid divine
law, impious) ; — means, ar(«s malae.
illimitable, adj. infiniius.
illiterate, adj. illiteratus, indoctus, ineru-
ditus; to be — , nescire lit(t)eras. Adv. indocle.
illogical, adj. quod haud necessario conse-
quitur, inconstans, quod vitiost conclusum est.
Adv. inconsta nter, vitiose;
llluniej illumine, illuminate, v.tr.
1, = to throw light on, collustrare, illustrare (lit.
and tig.) ; illuminare (lit. = illuminate) fig. = to
throw light upon a matter ; none of these verbs
used in reference to the mind) ; the light of the
sun — s all things, sol cuncta luce sua illustrat ;
to be — d by the sun, sole illustrem esse; to
— a town, in urbe pernoctantia lumina accen-
dere (Ammiau, said of the lighting of the
streets) ; 2, = to enlighten the mind,
colere, doclre, erudire; 3, = to adorn with
pictures (as to — manuscripts or books, accord-
ing to ancient practice), I'arie pingire, alci rei
vivos colores induccre. illumination, n. 1, of
MSS., use verb Illuminate, 3 ; 2. = the picture
itself, pictura, tabula; 3, mental — , eruditio,
doctrina.
illusion, n. (opinionis) error, somnium,
opinio falsa or vana. illusive, illusory, adj.
vunus, falsus, commenticius.
illustrate, v.tr. 1, illuflrare ; see Illu-
minate ; 2, = — a book, librum tabulis or
picturis ornacp.; 3, = to explain, illustrare; see
Exilain. illustration, n. 1, explicate ; see
Explanation ; 2, of a book, pictura, tabula;
3, = example, exemplum. illustrious, adj.
(prae)clarus, ainplus (usu. in superl.), splendidus,
illuslris, insignis, egregius, eximius, spectatus,
nobilis, praestans. illustrative, adj. quod
alqd illustrat, explicat, etc.
image, n. 1. imago, simulacrum, effigies ; =
painting, tabula*iicta, pictura; = statue, statua;
to form an — or likeness, imuginem alcjs ex-
primere ; 2, = a conception, imago, species; to
form an — of, animo alqd ejingere ; 3. in rhetoric,
translate, figura. image-worshipper, ».
qui imagines pro Deo veneratur. imagery, c.
J., ■=■ sensible representations, pictures, statues,
imago ; 2, = forms of the fancy, imago ; see
Fancy, imaginable, adj. quod cogitari potest,
quod cogittttione comprehendi or percipi potest,
quod incogitat/ionemcadit, cogitabilis (Sen.) ; with
all — pains, maximo, quod fieri potest, studio.
imaginary, adj. cpinatus (e.g. a good, bonum;
an evil, malum), opinabilis, commenticius, ima-
ginarius, jiclus, falsus, inania; — misfortunes,
malorum opinio ; — difficulties, difficultates,
quas sibi alqs ipse fingit ; see Fancy, imagi-
nation, n. cogitatio( = a thought, the faculty o f .
thinking); an idle — , metus, -us, inanis, species
inanis ; =an idea without foundation, opinio
(falsa) ; to exist in — , not In reality (e.g. of an
evil), opinionis esse, non naturae ; what lies only
in one's — , opinatus ; only based upon — , opina-
bilis ; — false, fictitious, falsus, fictus ; = the facul-
ty of understanding, mens, comb, cogitatioet mens,
imaginative, adj. ingeniosus (of one who has
always new ideas) ; sol(t)ers (of one who under-
stands the art of following out an idea) ; one
who is — , ingenium ad excogitandum acutum.
Adv. ingeiliose, soUl)erter, acute, imagine,
v.tr. and intr. animo concipcre, cogUare, com-
plecli, or simply cogitare, fingcre, conjecturd con-
sequi ; = invent, comminisci, excogitare, fingcre
maehinari ; I — (parenthetically), ut opinor.
imbecile, adj. fatuus, stultus ; see Foolish.
imbecility, n. imbccillitas animi or ingenii,
fatuitas (rare), stultitia.
imbibe, v.tr. bibere, combibire, imbiberc;
tig. se alqd re imbuere, alqd re infici ; — errors
with your mother's milk, errores cum lactenutri-
cis sugere.
imbrue, v.tr. imbuere, madefacere ; — with
blood, crucntare.
imbue, v.tr. 1, = to dye, ting(u)ere, inficcrc;
2, tig. alqm alqd rt inficere, imbuere, alqd
docire.
imitable, adj. imitabilis, quod imitari pos-
sumus. imitate, v.tr. imitari' (e.g. the human
voice, voces hominum); to — in drc*s, manners,
to — a statue, painting, sound, action, (imitando
or imitatione) exprimere, imitando effingcre;
z= to emulate, endeavour to equal or excel,
aemutari alqm or alqd and alci or cum alqo
(aemulans — imitating a rival ; imitans = imita-
ting one who is a pattern to us, who is our
superior in that wherein we try to imitate hiin ;
aemulari alqm in a good sense ; aemulari alci
until Quint, only in a l>ad sense, i.e. to contend
with a spirit of rivalry); to — (i.e. to tread in
anyone's footsteps), (per)sequi. imitation,
n. 1, the act of imitating, imitatio (in gen.) ; the
desire of — , imitatio, imitandi stvdium ; =r emu-
lation, aemulatio; also circumlocution with
imitari (e.g. to devote oneself to the — ■■ of a
person, ad imitationem alcjs se conferre or cut
imitandum alqm se conferre) ; 2, — the thing itself
that is imitated, res imitatione or imitando ex-
prcssa, res imitando effecta ; effigies, imago, simula-
crum ; to be an — of anything, imitatione ex
alqd re exprcssum esse; see Image, imitative,
adj. qui alqd facile imitatur. imitator, n.
imitator ; a zealous — , aemulus, aemulator.
immaculate, adj. purus, sanctus, incormp-
tus, innocens, integer ; = chaste, pure, innocent,
castus, comb, caslus et integer, integer castusque,
castus purusque. Adv. pure, sancte, incorrupte,
caste.
immanent, adj. in alqd re inhaerens, in-
terior.
immaterial, adj. 1, = incorporeal (e.g.
spirits), corpore vacans, quod cerni tangique non
potest; 2, = unimportant, by nullius momenti,
)iullo momento, livis ; to consider as — ,nonflocci
facers, immateriality, n. by circumloc,
imm
Plato assert.-; the — of the Deity, ri"to sine cor-
r re al'.o Dcum esse vult.
immature, adj. lit. and flg. immaturus,
crudua (lit., poet., and late flg.).
immeasurable, adj. immensus; = endless,
injinitiis(e.g. multitude) ; = immense, extremely
large, vastus, ingens (e.g. fortune) ; a mountain
of — height, mom in immensum eaitus. Adv. in
or ad immensum.
, immediate, adj. 1, = without the inter-
vention of anyone else, ipse, proximus ; an —
cause, caus(s)a ejiciens or proximo.; 2, = with-
out delay, pracsens. Adv. use adj. (e.g. to
apply — to anyone, alqm ipsum adire) ; statim
(followed by 06 alqd re or ut or simulac).
protinus, confestim, extcmplo, e(x) vesligio ; not
— from the field of battle, non er, ipsa acie ;
— after anyone (in order, lank, or time), secun-
dum alqm; — after, sub alqd (e.g. — after these
words he threw himself at his feet, sub haec
dicta ad genua ejus procubuit) ; — after (i.e. as a
sequel to, and in consequence of), ex alqd re
(e.g. — after the dictatorship made into a con-
sul, consul ex dictaturd /actus).
immemorial, adj. = beyond memory, e.g.
from time — , ex omni memorid aetatum, or tern-
porum(\.e. throughout all ages) ; = as long as we
can think, post hominum memoriam ; = from the
remotest times, inde ab ontiquissimis tern-
poribus, also by priscus, antiquissimus, peran-
tiquus[ =froin ancient times, opp. novvs, of per-
sons and things); avrtus( = fiom the times of
our grandfathers) ; it is an — custom, exantiquis
temporibus inveteravit.
immense, adj. ingens, vastus, immensus,
injinitus. Adv. ad or in immensum ; = very
much, maxime, valdc. immensity, n. immen-
sitas, vast Has.
immerge, v.tr. 1, (imymergere, demergFre,
submergert (in) alqd re or in alqd ; 2, rig. alqm in
alqd demertjere ; — to fall into deep meditation
about, se totit m in alcjs rei rognilione collocarc.
Immersion, n. by the verb.
immethodical, adj. = not properly ar-
ranged, incomposltus ; = disordered, irregular,
not put in order, inordinatus (e.g. soldiers,
viilitcs); = without method, t indigestus ; =
careless, neglegcns (neglig-). Adv. sine ordinc,
■incomposite, neglegenter.
immigrate, v.intr. (im)migrore. immi-
grant, n. advena, m. and f. immigra-
tion, 11. adventus, -iis (e.g. of foreign tribes,
aliarum gentium).
imminent, adj. ;pr«&se>is, maximus, summus
with n. (e.g. to be in — danger, in summo peri-
culo esse) ; by subesse ( = to be at hand, near),
instare ( = to draw nigh, threaten, e.g. winter,
war), imminere, impendPre (to be — , e.g. evils,
calamities).
immitigable, adj. qu-i so mitigari non
patitur.
immobility, n. irhmobUitas, or by adj. ; see
Immovable.
immoderate, adj. immodiens (= exceeding
bounds, also in a moral sense); = intemperate,
immoderotus (e.g. in drink ; also in a moral
sense); intemperans ; = Incontinent, unchaste,
inconlinens ; = impotent, ungovernable, im-
potens (e.g. joy, laetMi), in anything, alcjs
rei-; — immodest (of persons and things),
unrestrained, fierce, effrenatus; — boldness,
audacia ; — profuse, effusus, profusvs ; = im-
mense, immdnis (e.g. size, magnitudo ; sums of
money, pecuniae) ; = extravagant, lur>irio-.Wi.
Adv. immoderate, ir.tem.perar.ter immodede, epise,
inn
imp
profuse, immodice, luxuriose ; to drink — , vino s«
obrucre. immoderation, n. intempcraniia,
incontinentia; — in speaking, immodcratio ver-
bornm.
immodest, adj. = arrogant, arrogans ; = in-
solent, haughty, insolens ; = indiscreet, impudi-
ens, inverccundus. Adv. immodeste, arrogantcr,
insolenter, impudice. immodesty, n. = arro-
gance, arrvgantia ; = haughtiness, insolentia ;
= indiscretion, impudicitia.
immolate, v.tr. immolnre. Immolation,
n. immolatio.
immoral, adj. pravus, depravatus, perdi-
his, inhonestus (= base, nasty) ; = infamous,
turpis, comb, turpis atque inhonestus; flagi-
tiosus, nequam, corruptus ; see Wicked ; a
person of bad principle, male moratus, malis 01'
corruptis moribus; — conduct, mores turpes,
mores cor rupti. Adv. inhoneste, turpiter, jiagiti-
ose, perdite, prave. immorality, n. mores cor-
rupii or perditi( = immoral habits) ; turpitudo,
morum pravitas or depravatio, or by vitia, scelcra,
■urn (= crimes), libidines (= lusts); a life ad-
dicted to — , vita vitiis flagitiisquc omnibus
dedila.
immortal, adj. immortalis (opp. mortalis; of
persons and things, also in gen. = imperishable,
e.g. glory); = eternal, aeternus (of things, e.g.
life) ; = everlasting, unceasing, sempilernus (e.g;
soul, life, glory) ; to be — , immortalem or sem-
piternum esse, non interire (in gen., e.g. of 'the
soul); to have — life, vita sempiterndfrui ; to have
— glory, memorid omnium saeculorum vige.re.
immortality, n. immortaiitas (opp. morta-
lilas) ; = eternity, hence eternal glory, aetcr-
nitas ; — of the soul or souls, immortaiitas or ae-
ternitas animi or animorum; ■=. immortal glory,
immortalis or sempiterna gloria ; to assert the —
of the soul, dicere animos hominum esse immor-
tides or sempitemos. immortalize, v.tr. alqd
immortali gloriae traders; see Immortal.
immovable, adj. immobilis, immotus, sta-
bills (all lit. and fig.) ; — property, res or bona
quae moveri non possunt ; to be — (lit.), loco suo
non moveri ; see Firm. Adv. use adj. im-
movableness, n. immobilitas.
immunity, n. 1, vacatio, immunitas (e.g.
tributorum) ; 2, see Freedom.
immure, v.tr. muro saepire, cingcrc ( = to
enclose with a wall) ; see Shut.
immutability, n. immutabilitas (Cic); =
firmness, consistency, constantia; = steadfast-
ness, stabilitas (e.g. umicitiac); = continuance,
perpetuitas; — of anyone's disposition, constans
in alqm voluntas, immutable, adj. immutdbi-
lis; — constant, constant; = fixed, unchangeable,
rotus (e.g. the course of the moon, rursus lunae ;
the order of the stars, astrorutn ordines); = un-
disturbed, perpetuus (e.g. right, jus). Adv. co)i-
stan.ter, perpetuo. immutation, n. rnvtatio;
see Change.
imp, n. 1, = child, progenies ; an — of mis-
chief, puer lascivus ; 2, = demon, * daemon.
impair, v.tr. alqd (im)minuerc, deminuere,
comminuere, debilitate, frangere, infringere ; —
an argument, elevare ; deteriore statu or condi-
cione esse, pejore loco esse.
impale, v.tr. QuutA or pah) transjigere. ,>
impalpable, adj. quod tangi non potest.
impart, v.tr. 1, =to bestow on another a
siiave or portion of something, impertire alci alqd
or alqm alqd re (lit- and fig.) ; communicare alqd
cumalqo( = to share with anyone, lit., and to
make a communication to); participemfacerealam
( == to allow anyone to participate m) ; = to toot
into, diffuse, irj-xr.dir--' al#t ;r/(with accus "»£•
imp
723
imp
evils in a state, mala in civitatem) ; 2, = to
grant, coufer (e.g. honour), dare, tribuere, donare
alci alqd or alqm alqd re( = to present with) ;
offer re ( = to procure).
impartial, adj. medius( — in the middle, of
persons), kuiquam medius nee in alterius favorcm
inclinatus ( = neutral, of persons only) ; = disin-
terested, integer; = not bribed, incorruptus (of
persons and things, e.g. judge, witness, sentence);
= equitable, aequus (of persons and things, e.g.
praetor, law) ; acquitabilis (of things) ; — free
from partisanship, studio et ird vacuus (of persons
in gen.) ; = free from spite and ill-will, obtrec-
tatione et malevolentid liberatus; to be — , neutri
parti favere; neque ird, neque gratia teneri. Adv."
aequo ammo, integre or incorrupte, sine ird et
studio, impartiality, u. animus ab omni
partium studio alienus, animus studio et ird
vacuus; = equity, aequitas, acquabilitas.
impassable, adj. invius, insuperabilis, im-
peditus. impassibility, impassibleness,
n. <orj3or( = torpor, stupor); = hardness of heart,
durus animus; = slowness, apathy, lentitudo,
lentils animus, impassible, adj. quod nullo
dolore affici potest.
impassioned, adj. concitatus, fervidus,
ardens, vehemens.
impatience, n. impatientia inorae, festi-
tuttio ; to expect anything with the greatest — ,
acerrime alqd cx(s)peetare. impatient, adj.
1, impatiens morae or morarum, ardens, ve-
hemens, aecr ; to be — at a thing, alqd aegreox
moleste fern; 2, = angry, iraeundus, iratus.
Adv. ardenter, acriter, vehementer, iracunde;
see Eager.
impeach, v.tr. accusare. impeachable,
adj. quern in jus vocare possumus. impeacher,
n. accusator, n. impeachment, n. accusatio;
see Accuse.
impede, v.tr. impedire ; see Hinder, im-
pediment, n. 1, impedimentum ; see Hin-
drance ; 2, = stammer, hacsitantia linguae ; to
have an — , lingua haesitare, balbutire. im-
pedimental, adj. quod impedimenta est, quod
impedit, quod obstat ct impedit ; to be — to any-
one or anything, obesse aid and alci rei ; it was
very — for, a great hindrance to the Gauls in
battle, that, etc., Gallis mag no ad pugnam erat
impedimento, quod, etc. ; I will not be — to
prevent his going, nulla in, me or per me est
mora, in me non erit mora, non moror, quominus
abeat.
impel, v.tr. 1, lit. impellere, urgere; 2, fig.
impellere, incitare, concitare, stimulate, (ad)hor-
tari alqm ad alqd.
impend, v.intr. 1, lit. impendlre, imminire;
2, = to be near, instare in alqm or alci impendere.
impenetrable, adj. 1, impenctrabilis(Vlin.) ;
— against a thing, alci rei; = impervious, im.
pervius (Tac, e.g. fire-proof, ignibus impervius)
impeditus; see Impassable ; 2, = thick, caligino.
sue (of darkness) ; 3, fig- ambiguus (= doubtful),
impenitence, impenitency, n. obstina-
tio, animius obstinatus or offirmalus. impeni-
tent, adj. obstliiatus, offirmatus ; to become — ,
obduresccre. Adv. obstinate.
imperative, adj. 1, = expressive of com-
mand, (e.g. — commands), by oircumloc. with
imperare alci alqd or with ut, or by necessarius ;
2, (in gram. = the — mood of a verb), impera-
tives modus (gram.).
imperfect, adj. imper/ectus (= not com-
pleted); = only in its beginning, inchoatus; =
only superlicial, drawn out in general sketches,
adumbratus (e.g. an idea, iniellegentia, opinio);
z= faulty, vU/tosus, mendosvs; ■= rough, rudis; =
defective, maimed, mancus; — tense, tempus
Impcr/cctum (gram.). Adv. imperfecte, vitiose,
mendose. imperfection, imperfectness,
n. vitium, mendum, culpa, or by adj. (e.g. the
— of our nature, natura hominum imperfecta et
mendosa).
imperial, adj. imperatorius, Caesareus (Im-
perial Koine); often by the genit. imperatoris or
Caesaris or Augusti ; principalis, or with the geu.
imperatoris or principis; your — Majesty,
* majestas or magiutudo tua. imperious,
adj. imperiosus; =. haughty, superbus ; = dis-
dainful, insolens; = arrogant, arrogans. Adv.
imperiose, superbc, insolenter, arroganter.
imperil, v.tr. in discrimen adduccre.
imperishable, adj. immortalis; see Eter-
nal, Immortal.
impermeable, adj. see Impenetrable.
impersonal, adj. gram. t.t. impersonalis.
impersonate, v.tr. partes alcjs agere.
impertinence, n. insolentia; see Arro-
gance, Rudeness. impertinent, adj. 1,
insolens; 2, = not to the point, quod nihil ad
rem est. Adv. insolenter.
imperturbable, adj. skibilis, consians,
firmus, gravis, immobilis. Adv. constanter, Jirme,
graviter, tranquille.
impervious, adj. impervius ; see Impene-
trable.
impetuous, adj. violentus, = violent (e.g. at-
tack, impetus); = strong, intense, vehemens (e.g.
wind, venius, then of individuals), comb, vehemens
et violentus (e.g. homo); = eager, acer, fervidus,
fervent, intentus. Adv. 71103110 irnpetu (e.g. to
attack the enemy, hostem aggredi); violenter
(e.g. to demand, posce re); vehementer( = strongly,
e.g. to insist upon it, fiagitare); acriter, fer-
venter, impetuosity, n. violcntia (lit and
fig.), via (= strength), incitatio (= impulse);
= inteniperateness, intemperies (e.g. caeli ; then
= want of moderation) ; violence, impetus, -us,
of persons and things (e.g. of the fever, febris).
impetus, n. impetus, -us, vis.
impiety, n. impictas erga Deurn ; =
wicked, criminal deed, nefas, scelus, -eris,
res scelesta or nefaria ; he has committed
many — s against God and man, multaet in
deos et in homines impie nefarieque com'misit.
impious, adj. impius{erga de.utn, erga patriam,
crqa parentes, etc.) ; = wicked (the general dispo-
sition), nefarius; = wicked, heinous, nefandus
(of a deed). Adv. impie, nefarie, comb, impie
nefarieque, nefande.
impinge, v.intr. to — against, inciderc in
alqd, impingi alci rei (so as to cause a violent
shock), offendire in alqd re or ad alqd.
implacability, n. odium implacabile or
inexorabile. implacable, adj. implacabilis ;
— against anyone, alci or in alqm; = inexor-
able, inexorabilis (all of persons and things, e.g.
hatred, anger), against anyone, in or adversus
alqm; = cruel, alrox, saevus; see Cruel. Adv.
uirociter, saeoe.
implant, v.tr. 1, lit. = to set, alqd in
alqd re inserere, ponlre ; 2, fig. ingenerare,
ingignere (at the time of one's birth, as it were) ;
= to engraft, inssrere, animo infigere.
implead, v.tr. alqm in jus vocare ; seeSur,
Accuser.
implement, n. 1, = toolu, instrurnentum,
ferramentum ; 2, fig- minister; see Instru-
ment, Tool.
implicate, v.tr. implicate or impedire (lit.
and fig.) ; — in a thing, alqd alqd re Qluquevre, ad-
miscere or immtecere (only the former in Cic)
imp
724
imp
(fig.) ; intr. in alqd re ; to implicate in a war,
alqmbcllo implicare; to be — d in a war, bcllo im-
plicitum or illigatum or occupatmn esse ; with
anyone, bellum genre cum alqo ; to — one-
self, impticari alqd re (lit. and tig.) ; to — one-
self in (i.e. to meddle), se immisnre alci rei ((it;.).
li .plicated, adj. by past. . part, implicatus,
etc., alcjs rei conscius, alci rei affinis. implica-
tion, n. implicatio; to say a thing by — , see
Hint, implicit, adj. 1,'= implied, tacitus;
an — compact, assensio, consensus, -us, conrentio ;
he has an — faith, est homo crcdidas, est nimis
facilis ad credendum; 2, = complete, totus,
omnis ; to have — faith in anyone, alci maxi-
mam fidem adhibere, totum, se alci committcre.
Adv. tacite, prorsus; see Altogether.
implore, v.tr. alqm or alqd implorare
(urgently), alqd ob alqo pete re ( = to endeavour
to obtain by entreaties) ; alqm alqd rogare ( = to
request) ; "deprecari ( = to pray for, entreat
earnestly), comb, petere ac deprecari, ne, etc. ;
(precibus) impetrare, or alqd ab alqo cxposccre
( = to obtain by entreaties) ; = to induce by
entreaties, exorare ; = to beseech anyone on
one's knees to help, to supplicate, beg humbly,
svpplicare or supplicem esse alci, se alci supvli-
c?m ab(J)iccre ; = to beseech by everything
sacred, to pray earnestly, alqm obsecrare ; = to
conjure, alqm oblcslari ; to — anyone for, to
pray urgently, alqd voce svpplici postvlarc; orare
multis et supjiliribus verbis, vt, etc. ; alqd ab alqo
cxposcere ; to — anyone to help, alqm ad or in
auxilium implorare, auxilium implorare ab alqo ;
to — God and man, deum atque hominumfidem
implorare.
imply, v.tr. in se habere ; to be implied in,
alci rei inessc, or subesse.
impolite, adj. ivurbanus, rusticus, agrestis,
inhumanvs, illepidus. Adv. inurbane, rvstice,
illejndc, inhumane, inhumaniter. impolite-
ness, n. rusticitas, inhumanitas.
impolitic, adj. 1. in the state, alienvs nr
obhorrens a prudentia civili; 2, llg. imprudens.
import, I. v.tr. 1, (that is, to bring goods
into a country for sale) invehere, importare ; 2,
= signify, declarare, signifimre, valere. II. n.
1, quod importotur ; 2, significatio, sententia,
vis. import-duty, n. portorium. import-
ance, n. 1, auctoritas, discrimen, momentum,
pondus, -iris, vis; to be of no — , nullo esse
numero ; 2, = of high position, amplitudo, dig-
nitas, auctoritas. important, adj. gravis ; to
be — , magni (so alcjs, marimi, minimi, pluris,
etc.) moment! esse; valere. vim habere, alqo
esse numero ; to deem anything more — , anti-
quivs alqd habere, importation, n. invectio.
importunate, ad*, molestvs, vmprobus ; see
Troublesome, importune, v.tr. molestum
esse aid, exposcere, {tf)fingitare : see Trouble-
some, Molest, importunity, n. = pressing
solicitation, {ef)flagitatio.
impose, v.tr. alqd alci imponcre, injungere;
— a punishment, mnltnm alci irrogare; —
upon ; see Cheat. Imposing, adj. conspicu-
us (= drawing the attention) ; = showy, spe-
ciosus ; = majestic, mognifi<us(cp. form, forma) ;
= deceitful, fallax. imposition, n. irrogatio
(e.g. multae, = the intiiction of a penalty) ; also
by circuuiloc. with imponere (e.g. to extract
the poison by — of hnnds, manu impotUd venena.
ertrahere); fraus {— deceit, deception), fullacia.
impost, n. onera, -urn, vectigul, tribv.tv.vu
impostor, n. fravdaior. imposture, n.
fraus, -dis, f., fallacia, proestigiae (= ti icks).
impossibility, n. usu. fieri nan pos^e,
etc. (e.g. to prove the — of anything, pro-
bare alqd fieri non posse), impossible, a Ij.
by quod fieri or quod effici nan potest, and the
adv. by nullo pacto or plane non ; nothing is —
to kindness, nihil est quod btnevolenlia efiircrc
von possit ; I believe this to be — , non puto hoc
fieri posse; it is — for me to, etc., fieri non,
potest, ut, etc.
impotence, n. imbecillitas, infirmitm cor-
poris, or animi. impotent, adj. invalidus,
ivfimms, imbecillus, impotens.
impound, v.tr. 1, in gen. pignus, -oris,
capcrc or aufcrre; alqm pignore cogcrc (of the
consul who — ed a senator) ; 2, in alqo loco in-
cludcrc (= to confine, e.g. cattle).
impoverisb, v.tr. alqm in egestatem redu-
ccre. impoverishment, n. egestas, inopia,
paupertas = poverty.
impracticable, adj. 1, = impossible, quod
fieri non potest; 2, = intractable, contumax ;
see Impossible, Refractory.
imprecate, v.tr. alqd alci (im)precari, ex(s)e-
crari; see Curse, Execrate, imprecation,
n. dirae, preces, -urn, f., ex(s)ccrutio ; see Execra-
tion.
impregnable, adj. 1, = not to be stormed,
e.g. an — fortress, incrjnignabilis ; 2, flg. = not
to be moved, stabilis.
impregnate, v.tr. 1, = to make pregnant,
alqm gravidam or praegnantem faccre ; 2, tig. =
to render prolific, \fecwndare, JertUem reddere;
3, gen. = to communicate the virtues of one
thing to another, complcre alqd alqd re (=to fill
with); addcre alqd alci rei (=to add); (com)-
misccre cum alqd re, or simply alqd re (= to
mix) ; see Fill, impregnation, n. (applied
to animals or plants), by verb.
impress, v.tr. 1, lit. alqdalcirei imprimere;
2, rig. alqd alci inurere, inculcare, in animo in-
sculpere or imprimere. impression, n. 1, the
act of taking an — , inpressio ; — the copy, ex-
emplum(= copy in general), imago expressa, vesti-
gium (— footstep) ; to take or make an — , e.rpri-
mere alqd ahjd re or in alqd re, imprimere alqd in
alqdrc; 2, the working or effect of any influence
on the mind, animi motvs, -us, or by special
word (e.g. visa, -orum, — of sight); win's ad
actionem excitamur, we are excited to action by
visible — s); to make an — on anyone, alqm
movere. impressive, adj. gravis, vehemens.
Adv. graviter, vehementer. impressiveness,
li. gravitas.
imprint, v.tr. in alqd re imprimere; see
Impression.
imprison, v.tr. in custodiam dare, tradcre,
in(j)iccrc ; custodiae or vinculis mandare, com-
prehenderc (= arrest). imprisonment, n.
custodia, career, -eris, m., vinculo, -orum.
improbable, adj. non verisimilis, non pro-
babilis. Adv. non verisimiliter. improba-
bility, n. use adj.
improbity, n. imjn-obitas.
impromptu, adv. extempore.
improper, adj. improprivs (Plin. Quint.)
(e.g. verba = nnsuitable) ; = unbecoming, inde-
cent, indrcoms; — silly, ineptus (e.g. laughter,
risvs) ; = unworthy, indignus (of anyone, alqo);
=nnsuitable, not suited, alienus (of things, place,
and time, cib alqo or ab alqd re and alci or alci
rei ; alcjs rei, not Cic.) ; — inelegant, awkward in
one's manners, inconcinnus (e.g. roughness of
manners, want of polish, osperitas i.) ; absurd,
ahsonns ; it is — to, etc., indecorum est (with
inf.); to be — for anyone, dedeccre or von, declre
alqm, indignwn esse alqo. Adv. indeenre, per-
pcram. inepte, indigne. impropriety, n.
quod indecorum est.
improvable, adj. quod est ejvsmodiut corrigi
imp
725
ma
possit. improve, I. v.tr. alqd melius facer e;
see Correct ; excolere. II. v.intr. meliorem
fieri, se colligere (morally), cunvalescere (—to — in
health), augeri (=to rise in price), proficere(— to
make progress), improvement, n. correctio,
emeiulalio, comb, correctio et emcndatio; — of cir-
cumstances, amidijicatio rei familiaris; morally
and mentally, cultits, -its, educatio, disciplina (=
mental and moral training) ; institutio (= in-
struction in any particular branch); humanitas
(— general moral and mental and physical — of
the whole man), comb. cultus (-us) atque human-
itas : I perceive an — in my general health,
mens vims auctas scntlo.
improvidence, n. inconsidcrantia, temeri-
tas, imprudcnlia. improvident, adj. impro-
vidus (=not looking forward), incautus (— heed-
less, opp. prudens), comb, improvidus incautus-
que, improvidus et neglegens (neglig-) ; = incon-
siderate, inconsideratus ; — thoughtless, tcmer-
arius ; = imprudent, imprudens (opp. paratus) ;
= indifferent, negligent, neglegens (neglig-). Adv.
improvide, incaute, tenure, imprudenter, incon-
siderate, neglegenter (neglig-).
imprudence, n. imprudentia, temeritas (=
rashness) ; see Improvidence, imprudent,
adj. imprudeus, temerarius, inconsultus ; see
Improvident. Adv. imprudenter, temere, incon-
suite.
impudence, n. impudentia, os impudeiis (or
durum or ferreum) ; confidentia (= boldness, in
a bad sense), impudent, adj. impudens (—
void of feeling of shame), procax (— saucy), con-
fidents (= having assurance), improbus (— saucy).
Adv. procaeiter (not in Cic), impudentcr, con-
fidenler.
impugn, v.tr. impugnuir. (e.g. to — any-
one's honour, impugnure alcjs lumorem) ; oppug-
■mtre; negare (=to deny absolutely, opp. aio);
improbare (= to prove to be void, e.g. a will,
testamentum) ; repugnare (= to contend against,
e.g. anyone's opinion, alcjs opinioni); = to con-
tradict everything, contra omnia disserere.
impulse, n. 1, as a term of mechanical
philosophy, impulsio, impulsus, -us (better by
verbs, e.g. agere, pellere, etc.); see Drive, Pro-
pel, Move ; 2, = motive, impulsus, -lis, caus(s)a,
or by circumloc. (e.g. ambition is the — of all his
actions, quidquid agit, gloriae cupiditate impulsus
agit) ; 3, = impression, impulsus, -us, impulsio ;
external — , pulsus (-lis) extermis ; at anybody's
— , (dqo auctore, alcjs impidsu, alcjs auctoritate;
from one's own — , sponte or sitd sponte, also ipse
(i.e. from one's own free will) ; not influenced by
anybody else, perse; willingly, ultro; — from
without, incitamentum, stimulus, impulsive,
adj. by verb ; see Impel.
impunity, n. with — , impunitvs, inultus
(:= unrevcnged, unpunished, scot-free), iucasti-
gatus (= unchastised), impune ; to have done
with — , by impune esse, non puniri; impune
abire ; to be able to do with — , alqd impune
ferre or impune habere or impune. facire.
impure, adj. impurus (fig. = immoral, un-
chaste, of persons and things, e.g. manners,
morals, life, mores); obscenus(obscuen-w obscaen-),
(— unchaste) ; = stained, contaminatus(o\)\>. in-
teger), witli anything, alqd re (e.g. with blood,
sanguine); = unchaste, incestus; = low, inqui-
natus (= spotted, e.g. a speech, a verse) ; foedus,
spureus, turpis, teter (=foul); — desires, libi-
dines. Adv. impure, obscene (obscoen- or obscaen-),
inquinate, foede, spurce, turpiter. impurity,
n. vmjmritas, or incestum, incestus, -us, obsccnitas
(obscoen- or obscaen-), libido, stuprum, foeditas,
turpitudo.
imputable, adj. by cujus rei culpa alci
assiguari potest, and by verbs ; see below, im-
putation, II. 1, by verb; 2, = charge, crimen,
culpa, accusatio. impute, v.tr. alqd alci obsig-
nate (in a good and bad sense) ; to — to anyone
the fault of anything, Cldpam alcjs rei alci assig-
nare ; culjKim alcjs rei conjerre or transferre or
derivarc in alqm ; cidpae alqd alci dare, alqd alci
a(d)sciibiirc, uttribuere, affingere ; see Attribute.
in, prep. 1, of place, by old locative (e.g. —
Home, — Corinth, liomae, Corinthi, where —
= at), in with abl. (e.g. in Italia), abl. (e.g. to
loco, hue regione, his terris), — a letter, epistuld
quddam, with verbs implying motiou, in with
accus. (to place — a ship, in navem hnponire);
— the assembly, pro contione (= before); —
breadth, in latitudinem ; — height, in altitu-
dincm; 2, of time, in with abl., or inter or
intra with accus. (of time within which), per
with accus. (= throughout}, de with abl. (= —
the course of), simply abl. (e.g. — the night,
node or de node), by the noun in apposition (e.g.
I did it — my boyhood, puer feci), to have a
friend — so-and-so, alqm amicum habere; 3, of
occasion, manner, etc., per (e.g. per iram, —
anger); abl., hoc modo = in this way (so too in
hunc modum, ad hunc modum) ; — respect of (e.g.
— wisdom = sapientux) ; 4, other uses, — an au-
thor, apud with accus. (e.g. — Cicero, apud Cicero-
vem); — the hands of, penes alqm; — the begin-
ning, oh initio (when the act continues); to be
— our favour, a nobis stare, with gerund (e.g. —
loving, amando); — living, etc, cum, with indie.
(e.g. you do well — saying, bene fads cum dkis).
inability, n. imbecillitas, infinniUis (— bodily
weakness), Utopia (=want of means), or use non
posse; see Weakness.
inaccessibility, n. by inaccessible.
adj. iuaccessus; = impassable, surrounded, in-
vius ; — difficult to pass, impeditus (e.g. forest) ;
of persons difficult to be seen, rari aditds. Adv.
— situated, quo non aditus est.
inaccuracy, n. indUigentia, pravitas (when
anything has been done totally wrong) ; =
untruth, it must be circumscribed by fnlsus(e.g.
to show the — of anything, alqd falsum esse pro-
bare); see Falsehood, inaccurate, adj. in-
diligens. Adv. indiligenter ; see Incorrect.
inaction, inactivity, n. segniiies (segnitia),
inertia, ignavia, comb, segnities et inertia or
ignavia et inertia (— laziness); inclination to be
idle, desidia (opp. industria, labor), comb, inertia,
atque desidia or ilcsidia segnitiesque ; = cessation
(of labour from fear of work), cessatio ; — '^isure,
otium, desidia ; = rest, quies, -etis. inactive,
adj. ignavus, deses, segnis, iners, quietus. Adv.
ignore, seguita; quiete.
inadequacy, n. by inadequate, adj.
alienus ab alqd re, -non sufficient; = not adapted,
not answering the purpose (e.g. a witness,
evidence given), non satis idoneus, impar. Adv.
parum, hand satis.
inadmissibility, n. circumloc. by inad-
missible, adj. quod admitti non potest.
inadvertence, n, neglegentia (neglig-);
= want of tare, incuria ; = laziness, socordia.
inadvertent, adj. neglegens (neglig-), (opp.
diligens); = lazy, socors, comb, socors neglegens-
que (neglig-). Adv. neglegenter (neglig); = un-
intentionally, sine consilio.
inalienable, adj. quod abalienari non potest-
inane, adj. inanis.
inanimated, adj. inanimus, inanimatus.
inanition, inanity, n. inanitas (lit. and
fig.), inane, rucuitas, vacuum; = hollowness
(tig.), vanitas.
inapplicability, u. by inapplicable,
ma
726
ino
adj. with non pertinere ad, or non cadere in
(with ace.) ; non valere.
inapposite, adj. quod non aptiaii est.
inappreciable, adj. quod sentiri von potest,
or by minimus.
lnapprehensive, adj. neglegens {neglig-).
inappropriate, adj. non idoneus.
inaptitude, n. 1, inutilitas (= uselessness) ;
2, see Inability.
inarticulate, adj. non satis distinctus.
Adv. parum distincte.
inartificial, adj. simplex (e.g. food, speech,
language).
inattention, n. animvs non attentus, neg-
legentia {neglig-), incuria, indiligeniia. inat-
tentive, adj. non attentus.
inaudible, adj. quod audiri non potest.
inaugural, adj. aditialis (ante and post
class.) ; to deliver an — discourse, oratiove
munvs auspicari. inaugurate, v.tr. 1, in-
augurare, autpicare, dedicare (in respect of the
worship of the gods, e.g. statues, images, altars,
temples, etc.) ; consecrare (anything, e.g. an
animal, a field, etc.); to initiate, initiate (= to
admit to a knowledge of the sacred rites) ; 2,
= to begin, coepissc; see Begin, inaugura-
tion, n. dedicatio, consecratio.
inauspicious, adj. in gen. infelix, t infavs-
tus, laevus, + sinister, nc/astus; an — day, dies
ater. Adv. in/eliciter, malis ominibns, inauspi-
cato.
incalculable, adj. major (e.g. numerus,
etc.) quam qui calculari possit.
incandescent, adj. candens.
incantation, n. carmen.
incapability, n. inscitia, lint bettor use
non posse (e.g. — for action, qui agcrc von 2>otest).
incapable, adj. indocilis {— indocile, — of
instruction); = dull, hebes ; = unfit, incompe-
tent, inutilis or inhabilis ad alqd ; = too dull for,
hebes ad alqd. incapacitate, v.tr. inutilnn
reddhe. incapacity, n. see Incapability.
incarcerate, v.tr. {in carcerem or in citato*
diam) in{j)icere, includere. incarceration,
n. custodia, vinculo, -orum, n.
incarnate, adj. eccl. t.t. -incarnatus (Eccl.),
specie humana or corpore indutus. incarna-
tion, n. * incamatio.
Incautious, adj. imprudens, incautus, in-
consultus, inconsideratvs, temerarhis. Adv.
imprudenter, incante, inconsulte, inconsiderate,
teniere.
incendiarism, n. incendium (e.g. he was
tried for — , de incendiis postulates est), incen-
diary, n. incendiarius (Tne.), incendii auctor
(referring to one case only).
incense, I. n. tus, luris; of — , f tureus;
carrying — , t turifer. II. v.tr. tus accendere.
incense, v.tr. accendere, incendere (lit. and
fig.); see Exasperate.
incentive, I. adj. quod instigai ; see Incite.
II. n. instigotio, irritatio, incitntio, concitatio,
impulsns, -us, instinctus, -its, stimulus; =- means
of inciting, irritnmenlum, invitamentum (chiefly
in the pi.), illecebrn, lenocininm (= allurement) ;
see Impulse.
inception, n. inifium ; see Commence-
ment, inceptive, adj. incipiens.
incessant, adj. perpetuus, assiduus, con-
tin uus; see Continuous. Adv. perpetiio, assi-
due, continno.
incest, n. incestus, -iis, Incestvm. incest-
uous, adj. -incestus.
inch, n. 1, = a lineal measure, digitus,
uncia (Plin.); 2, fig. = a small quantity or
degree ; not to yield, depart an — from, ab alqd
re non transversum digitnm or non digitum dis-
cedere ; to at? — , almost, tantum non, non
midtum (not pariim) abfuit quin, etc. ; not an
— better, nihilo melius; not an — different,
plane idem; by — es, paul{l)atim, sensim.
inchoate, adj. inchoatiis.
incident, I, adj. quod ad alqd pertinet, or
in alqd re consistlt, or alqd re continetur, jrropri-
us, with gen. ordat. II. n. casus, -us, eventus,
-its, res; see Circumstance. incidental,
adj. fortuitus, forte obldtus. Adv. forte, fortuito ;
I chanced to mention — , in me-ntionem {alcjs rei)
inoidi.
incipienoy, n. imitfoimj see Beginning.
Incipient, adj. initiitm faciens.
incision, n. incisura (Plin.) (= the aot of
making an — , and also the — made, e.g. in the
hand, the insects, leaves); the — made by the
wheel, furrow, or ship, sulcus, incisive, adj.
mordens, mordax, aspci . incisor, n. {— fore-
teeth), dentes qui digcrunt cibv.m, denies qui
secant.
incite, v.tr. instigate (= to instigate, set on);
s= to excite, animate, incitare, excitare, covcitare,
(eomymovere, pennovere ; = to irritate, irritare ;
= to stimulate, stimulare; = to rouse, kindle,
inflammare, incendere, accendere; = to urge,
impellcre (all alqm or alcjs animiim ad alqd);
stimvlos alci admovere or addere {■= to prick),
calcaria aid adhibcre or ailmovere (=to give the
spur), alqm {cx)acucie (=to sharpen), ignem alci
sub{j)icere {■= to kindle a fire underneath, i.o. to
rouse one's desires, csp. envy), incitement,
n. impnlsus, -its; see Impulse.
incivility, n. inurbanitas, rusticitas, -inhu-
manitas.
inciemency, n. 1, inhumanitas, sevcritas,
crudelitas, saevitia; 2, of the weather, faspcri-
tas (e.g. hicmis), or gravis with n. (e.g. tempestus
gravis); — of winter, hiemis dificultas. incle-
ment, adj. 1, inclcmcns (Liv.), inhumaniis,
scverus, crndelis, saevus ; 2, gravis, asper; see
also Cold, Stormy, Severity.
inclination, n. 1, lit. inclinatio; 2, in
geom. and meeh. (= leaning of two bodies, lines,
planes, towards each other, so as to make an
angle) fastigium (= slope) ; = declivity, proclivi-
tas, dcclivitos (both considered from the top),
aedfri'te^considered from the bottom, = a bend-
ing upwards); 3, = leaning of the mind, — to
a subject, inclinatio animi; for anything, ad
alqd voluntas; = a propensity, proclivitas
oil alqd (in a bad sense); a favourable — for
anything or anybody, studium alcjs rei or
alcjs ; a favourable ■ — towards a person, pro.
pensa in alqm. voluntas, propensum in alqm stu-
dium; = love, amor, towards anybody, in or
erga alqm; = — from a wish, studio, propemo
animo (e.g. to do anything, alqd facere) ; from
free — , ex animo ; to have an — for anything,
ad alqd inclinatum, proclirem, pronvm esse, alci
rei studere, alcjs rei esse stiudvoswm, alcjs rei
studio teneri ; to be guided by one's own — ,
studiis suis obscqui. incline, I. v.intr. 1, =
to slope, proclirem or dcclivcm esse; to be rising,
acclivem esse (in looking upwards) ; neither to — ■
one way nor 1he other, in wild parte habere
proclinationcs (e.g. of walls, etc.); 2, = to lean
(in a moral sense), to have a tendency (of times,
circumstances, etc.), inclinori, {sc) inclinare ;
to — towards anything, (sc) inclinare ad or in
alqd. (of persons and things), inclinatione volun-
tatis propendere in alqm (= to feel oneself from
— drawn towards anybody); to — more towards
me
727
ine
peace, iadinaliorem esse ad pacem, II. v.tr.
indinare, submittere, demittere (e.g. caput), ln-
clined, adj. for anybody or for anything, in-
clinalus ad alqm, alqd ; = easy to persuade, pro-
pensus ad or in alqd (e.g. to pardon, enjoyment) ;
— to fall into anything, proclivls ad alqd, promts
in alqd or ad alijd; I am more — to think, eo
magis adducor itt putem ; = merciful, propitius
(especially of the gods, seldom of man) ; = bene-
volent, benevolvs (of man).
Inclose, v.tr. saepire (sep-) ; see Enclose.
include, v.tr. =to comprehend, comprehen-
dere, complect i, conlinere, annumerare, a(d)scribire
aid rei or in or ad ; to — among the accused,
in reos referre; without including you, te excepto;
to be included in anything, comprehend!, con-
tineri alqd re ; to be included in that number,
in eo numero esse or haberi. inclusive, in-
cluded, adj. that matter — , additd ed re ; often
simply by cum or ire; there were 300 soldiers,
the prisoners — , milites erant trecenti cum capti-
vis (or captivis annumeratis). Adv. that one — ,
eo comprelicnso ; — all those, omnibus conrpre-
hensis or additis.
incogitable, adj. to be—, necogitari quidm
posse.
incognito, adv. incognitas, ignoratus, alieno
or dissimulato nomine.
Incoherence, incoherency.n. by circum-
loc. with incoherent, adj. intcrruptus (= in-
terrupted), dissipatus (= scattered, torn, e.g. a
speech), sibi non constant. Adv. interrupte,
haud constanter or congruentcr ; to speak — ,
hand cohacicntia dicire.
incombustibility, n. by incombus-
tible, adj. qui iguibiis non absumitur.
income, n. veetigal, -oils, n. (including public
and private — , as taxes, tithes, rent), reditus, -us
(in the sing. = the returns), frudus, -us (=the
produce), pecunia, also reditus pecuniae (= a
pecuniary return) ; public — , fructus publici, (if
in mere money) pecuniae vectigales; — from
lands, praediorum fructus, fructus quem jwaetfia
reddunt; — from gain, quacstus, -us; to make
an — , quaestum face re ; he has an — to live
upon, hubet undc virat.
incommode, v.tr! incommodum alci affcrre.
incommodious, adj. incommodus; ==trouble-
some, molest us; see Inconvenient.
incomparable, adj. incomparabUis (Plin.);
= unequalled, sine exemplo maximus (e.g. Homer-
us) ; divin us (of persons and things, e.g. a legion,
legio ; a voice, vox; works, opera); singularis
(= unique, of persons and things, e.g. daughter,
ftlia ; virtvs) ; eximius, egregius, praestans (= un-
common, distinguished in particular respects,
of things) ; Cicero, this man who, as regards his
diction, can be equalled to none, Cicero, caelestis
hie in dicendo vir. Adv. sine exemplo, divine,
eximie, egrcgie, praestanter.
incompatibility, n. repv.gnanlia, diver-
situs; — of temper, rudeness, import u nitas ; see
Rudeness, incompatible, adj. of anything
that cannot subsist with something else, alienus
ab alqd re, alci rei contrarius ; adversarius, ad-
versus, injensus (= hostile), (ab alqd re) dinrsus ;
to be — with anything, abhorrere ab alqd m ;
f.uguure inter se (—to contradict each other, of
things), repugnare alci rei (of two things that
cannot be reconciled together).
incompetence, incompetency, n. in-
scitia ; see 1nahii.it v. incompetent, adj. 1,
legally, to be — for anything, faciendi alqd jus
or potcslatcm non habere, jure, alqd facerc non
posse; 2, in gen., inscitus, inhabtlis, nescins,
inutilis; see Foolish, Incapable. Adv. inscite.
incomplete, adj. imperftctus. Adv. imper*
fecte. incompleteness, n. quod imperfectum,
est ; see Imperfect.
incompliance, n. recusatio; with any-
thing, alcjs rei.
incomprehensibility, n. by incom-
prehensible, adj. quod comprehendi or tor
tellegi (intelligi) non potest.
incompressible, adj. quod comprimi, cob*
densari non potest (e.g. water).
inconceivable, adj. quod (mente or cogita<
tione) comprehendi non potest, quod intellegl non,
potest, quod in intellegentiam non, cadit, quod
cogitare non possumus, quod cogitari non potest ;
=iuexplicable, immense, inexplicabilis (e.g. kind-
ness, facilitas); = incredible, irecrafibii is. Adv.
incredibilitcr, minim in modum.
inconclusive, adj. (argumentum) quo nihil
efflcitur.
incongruity, n. repugnantia; see Absurd-
ity, Contradiction. incongruous, adj.
alienus ab alqo or ab alqd re, incongruens (Plin.
Jlin.), inconvenient. Adv. nonapte.
inconsequence, n. see Absurdity, in-
consequent, adj. see Incoherent.
inconsiderable, adj. levis (= without
weight, unimportant) ; mtdiocris ( = mediocre,
common, e.g. a man, a family ; then = not very
great, light, etc.); minutus( = trifling); txigv.ua
( = small in comparision with others, e.g. troops,
copiae; fortune, property, rcsfamiliaris); =small
in gen., parvus (opp. magnus, e.g. sum of money,
pecunia ; troop of soldiers, man us) ; not — , nou-
nullus. inconsiderate, adj. 1, inconsideratus
( = without thinking); inconsultus ( = rash); =
incautious, incautus ; = improvident, improvi-
dus, comb, improvidus incautusque; = imprud-
ent, imprudens; 2, = not regardful of others,
alqm non observans or respiciens, alci non consu-
lens. Adv. inconsiderate, incaute, imprudeuter;
nullius rationc habita ( = without regard to
persons).
inconsistency, n. discrcpantia, incon-
stautia, mutabilitas ; see Contradiction, in-
consistent, adj. ab aUjd re alienus, inconstans,
alci rei contrarius, ab alqd re or alci rei absonus,
alci rei repugnans, ab or cum alqd re or alci rei
discrepans. Adv. inconstanter.
inconsolable, adj. + incoiisolabilis, {dolor
or luctus, -iis) qui nullo solatio levari potest. .„
inconspicuous, adj. quod vix soitiri or
sensibus percipi potest. Adv. sensim.
inconstancy, n. inconstant ia (of persons and
tilings, physical and moral, e.g. of the wind,
renti); = changeableness, rarietas (e.g. of the
army); = infidelity of a person, infidelitas; =
Levity, levitas ; in one's resolutions, mutabilitas
(mentis), comb, inconstantia mutabiiitasque men-
tis; = movableness, variableness, mobilitas
(also of anything personified, e.g. of fortune,
fortuw.c). inconstant, adj. inconstans ( =
not remaining always the same, physical, e.g.
the wind, and in a moral sense, of persons
and things) ; = changing, varius ; = un-
faithful, injidclis (of persons); = vacillating,
wavering, infirmns (of persons and things, opp.
firmus); = volatile, lev is (of persons); = change-
able, tickle in one's resolutions, mutabilis(ai per-
sons), comb, varius et mutabilis; = fickle, one
who goes easily from one thing to another, mnbills
(of persons and things, e.g. character, mind,
disposition, ingenium, animus; will, resolution,
voluntas); = uncertain, not to be relied upon,
ftuxus (of things, e.g. faith, fides ; fortune, for-
tuna); see Changeable.
incontestable, adj. quod refutari non potest.
iiie
728
iiid
incontinence, n. incontinentia ( = want of
power to rule one's passions); intemperantia( =
intemperance), incontinent, adj. incontinens,
tntemperans. Adv. incontinenter; = immediate-
ly, statim.
■ incontrovertible, adj. quod re/atari non
potest.
inconvenience, inconveniency, n. in-
commoditas (e.g. of anything, rei ; of time, tem-
j'oris) ; incommodum ( = an — to anyone); =a
disadvantage, molestia ; to cause — to anyone,
aid incommodare or molestum «««, aid incommo-
dum afferre, altri negotium srltibere, facessere.
inconvenient, adj. inopportunus, intern pest ■:■
■cits (= in undue season), iucommodiis (= not
quite convenient). Adv. intempestive, incom-
mode.
inconvertible, adj. immutobilis ; see Im-
mutable.
. incorporate, v.tr. see Unite, 1 ; Estab-
lish, 2.
incorrect, adj. von Justus ( = not according
to order, opp. justvs), prtwus(, = perverse, con-
trary to reason, improper, opp. rectus) ; vitio-
sns, mendosits{ = full of mistakes, opp. rictus); —
false, not true, fulstts (opp. rents) ; the account is
— , ratio non conrenit or non constat; a very —
work, with many mistakes, in quo muJta vitia
insunt ; in which many statements are — , mi
<y"0 multa perpcrum dicta sunt. Adv. perperam
\= wrong, contrary to the real nature of any-
thing," opp. rede; e.g. to pronounce, pronun-
tiare) ; = with many mistakes, vitiose, mendose
(opp. recte, e.g. to infer, argue, coii<iudc re);
= falsely, untruly, falso (opp. rere or vero);
= not as it should lie, teeus (e.g. t<i judge, jttdi-
f.rr). incorrectness, n. by adj. Incorrect.
incorrigibility, u. pravitas. incorrigi-
ble, adj. qui corrigi mm potest! = saucy, im-
probus.
incorrupt, adj. 1, ineorruptus; 2, fig.
integer, incoTTUptwt, punts, sunctus, castus, inno-
ceius. Adv. incorrupte. sttnetc, integre, caste, pure,
sonde, incorruptibility, n. 1, lit. quod cor-
rum-pi or putrescere non potest ; 2, lig. intcgritas,
sdnctitas, castimouiu, castitas, innocentia.
increase, I. v.intr. 1, = to grow, («c)cres-
cere, snecrescere, gliscere, incrementum capere,
uugeri, augeseere, se corroborate or corroboruri,
ingrartsa're (in bad sense), incvebrescere ( = to
become more frequent), invalescere (= to get
the upper hand), proficere (= to advance) ; the
evil increases, malum ingravescit or corroboratur.
II. v.tr. = to augment, ampliflcare (— to
make wider), dilatare (= to spread out), ex-
t end ere, propagare or projerre alqd (= to extend
the limits, e.g. imperium or fines in
avqfre, amplificare, multiplicand = to multiply).
III. n. — augmentation, amplificatio (e.g.
gltirine rei famuiaris), propctgutio or )trohttio
finlum, accretto, accessio, augmentum, audits,
-us, increment urn.
incredible, adj. incredibilis ; it is — (au-
ditu, dictn, titemorattt) incredibile est. Adv. in-
crtdibiliter, incredibilem in nudum, incredu-
lous, adj. qui non facile adduci potest ul i retted,
increaulns. incredulity, n. by circumlnc.
(e.g. se incrednlum praebitit, — lie showed
his-).
increment, n. incrementum : see Increase.
incriminate, v.tr. alqm suspectum reddere,
— oneself, se scelerc ulligare.
incrust, v.tr. crustare. incrustation, n.
crust a.
incubate, v. intr. incubate (Plin.) ; see
Hatch. Incubus, n. incubo.
inculcate, v.tr. «/'/»i alqd dueMre; to — that,
etc., alci incmlcare nt, etc. ; imprimere ( = to im-
press, imprint a mark upon) or insculpere ( = to
engrave) alqd in alqd re (the two latter verbs
both lit. and fig.) ; to have been — d on the
heart, in animo inscidptum esse or in animo
inseidptum habere.
incumbency, n. 1, = a relying on some-
thing, ofiicium (in gen.), munns, -eris (as the
duty of an office); 2, = state of holding an
ecclesiastical benefice, *possessio beneficii. in-
cumbent, I. adj. = lying on (as duty or obli-
gation), anything in — upon me, debco alqd
/■."•ere, or alqd mihi faciendum est, or est with
genit.. (e.g. it is — upon, the duty of the pupil,
est disdpidi ; it is — upon inc, you, etc., matr/i,
tuitm est). II. n. = a clergyman, * bencjiciarius.
incur, v.tr. 1, lit. = to run against, hence
to become subject to, incurrere in alqm or alci
rei, incidere in alqd: 2, tig. colligcre (e.g. hatred,
invidiam, by anything, alqd re), or aid in odium
venire, in alcjs odium incurrere ; alcjs odium
sibi contrahere; to — disgrace, dedecus in se
admittire.
incurability, n. by incurable, adj. in-
sana'oilis, t immedicabilis ; — hopeless, desperatns
(e.g. a patient given up by the medical attend-
ant). Adv. use adj. (e.g. he was — ill, morbus
erat insanabilis).
indebted, adj. 1, = being in debt, obueratus ;
to be — to, alci pecuniam debere or pecuniam
acceptam referre ; 2, = obliged by something
received; to be — to anyone, old obnoxivm
esse, alcjs beneficiis abligatum esse; to be greatly
— to anybody, alci ■multum or inulta bni'-fic'm
thlurr, alqd alci acceptum referre.
indecency, n. turpitndo( — — in anyone's
language or behaviour), obscenitas (pbxcoen-,
obscaen-,; see Obscenity, indecent, adj. iw-
decorus ( = unbecoming, opp. decorus, e.g. laugh-
ter, rims); obscenus ( = obscene), inhonestus ( =
dishonourable); turpis ; pa rum verecundus ( =
; otlensive to modesty and delicacy, not feeling
ashamed, e.g. words, verba); an — expression,
quod Vurpe diftit videatur (e.g. to make use of,
dicire). Adv. indecore, tttrpiter, obscene.
indeciduous. adj. (Jolia, etc.) quae non
cadnnt, or non decidua sunt.
indecision, n. dubitatio, ineonstantia,haesi-
tantia. indecisive, adj. dnbivs, «?ic?]w. Adv.
by adj. ; see Indefinite.
indeclinable, adj. use verbum quod casibus
immutari non potest, quod declinari non potest,
iiideclinabUis (gram.); — nouns, aptota, pi.
(gram.).
indecorous, adj. indeobrus; see Indecent.
indecorum, n. deformitas ( = ugliness) ; = an
evil, a mistake, ritium ; by the adj. turpis or
indecurus, also by dedecet (e.g. that is an — , fcoc
turpe est or dedecet) ; see INDECENCY.
indeed, adv. = in reality, quidem or euim
(enclit), adeo, profecto, enimvero, vere (— truly) ;
rero, re vcrtt, rc( = in reality, indeed, opp. nomine,
i.e. nominally, merely in appearance). I —,etfiti-
,lem ; — ? Manewo?(inan ironical sense), ain' tn t
yon don't say so? If used in an emphatic sense,
e.g. this is true, it is indeed, —sane (referring to
particular expressions), vera? both also = yes,
certainly (i.e. wme quidem and ita sane); quidem,
•n '.,. (to note concession) ; credo (= I think so ;
with reserve); atqui (= yes; if however, etc.);
nempe, u iw iriim, scilicet, videlicet (all = a conces-
sion in a familiar kind of way ; nempe = surely);
nimirum — no doubt; scilicet, videlicet = of
course ; all four also used in an ironical sense ;
e.g. very difficult — ; sane diffldlis. I could —
ind
729
ind
wish, Servius, Ego vero, Servi, vclhm; I should
— serve my fellow-citizens very badly, Male,
credo, mererer de meis civibus ; and — , et sane;
surely — , immo vero ; — ... but nevertheless,
etsi . . . tamen,; or by ille quidem, is quidem . . .
sed tamen; — not, ncque (at the beginning of a
sentence, with sed following); then — , turn
vero.
indefatigable, adj. assiduus ( = constantly
active), impiger (■= unwearied) ; iiulefessus, comb.
assiduus et indefessus. Adv. assidue, impigre.
indefatigability, n. assiduitas, assiduitas ct
diligentia, iinpigritas.
indefeasible, adj. inperpetuum rains.
indefectible, indefective, adj. vitio
co.reus.
indefensible, adj. quod defendi non potest
(iu gen.); of a military position, (locus) qui tencri
•non potest.
indefinable, adj. quod definiri non potest;
an — sense of danger, nescio quid pcriculi. in-
definite, adj. incertus (= uncertain, e.g. an-
swer, rcsponsum) ; = doubtful, dubius, anceps ; =
ambiguous, ambiguus (e.g. oracle, oracuhun, =of
doubtful meaning) ; for an — period, in invert am ;
the — pronoun, pronomcninjinitumorindejinitu m
(grain.). Adv. ambigue, incerte or incerto (both
ante class.), dubie.
indelibility, n. by circumloe. with adj.
indelible, adj. t indelibiiis, quod dderi non
potest ; quod elui non potest (== what cannot be
wiped off) ; incxpiabilis, implacabilis(c.g. hatred,
tig.) ; sempitemus, ixrpetuus (fig., e.g. hatred).
indelicate, adj. parum vereeuudus, inur-
banus, inhonestus ( = ungentleinanly), impudicus
(= indecent). Adv. parum vcrecunde, inurbane,
impudke. indelicacy, n. by adj.
indemnification, u. damni restitutio ; in
the connexion of a sentence, coni})ensatw, or cir-
cumloe. by damnum (eom)pensare or (re)sarcire
or rcstituere. indemnify, v.tr. damnum alci
restituere, (re)sarcire, pensare; to — by anything
for a thing, o.lqd alqd re compensare. indem-
nity, n. see Indemnification ; act of — , lex
oblivionis; see Amnesty.
indent, v.tr. alqd incidere. indenture,
n. pactum.
independence, n. libert.as (opp. servitus),
arbitrium liberum (i.e. liberty of using one's own
judgment); = exemption from burdens, immu-
nitas. independent, adj. liber, solutus (often
= free in bad sense) ; sui juris (of one who is his
own master, of age) ; sui potens (= who does as
he thinks proper) ; liber et solutus, solutus ct liber
( = free and unbound, tied by nobody) ; = exempt
from burdens, immunis, legibus solutus ; to be
— , sui juris or suaepotestatis or in sua potestate
esse; to obey nobody, nemini pare re ; to live as
one thinks proper, — from others, ad suwm ar-
bitrium vivere. Adv. libere, solute, comb, libere
ct solute, suo arbitrio (=at one's own will).
• indescribable, adj. inmarrabUis ( = what
cannot be estimated properly, e.g. trouble,
labour); incredibilis (= incredible, e.g. joy,
laetitia) ; mirus ( = wonderful) ; singularis (e.g.
faithfulness, fides), or by nescio quid (= what is
so extraordinary that we can hardly comprehend
it, e.g. that wonderful thing, illud nescio quid
praec.larum). Adv. incnarmbiliter, incredibiliter,
singulariter, mirum in modum.
indestructible, adj. quod dirui or everti
non potest, or perennis, perpetuus (= lasting).
indeterminate, adj. incertus ; see Indefi-
nite, indetermination, n. by circumloe.
witli Indefinite, indetermined, adj. dubius
( =r doubtful), incertus ( = uncertain) ; I ain •*•
what to do, dubius or incertus sum quid factum ;
I am — whether to stay or to go, inccrtum mini
est quid again, abeam an maneam ; I am —
whether, etc., incertus sum utrum, etc. Adv.
dubikniter ; see Indefinite.
index, n. 1, in gen. = that which points out,
index, -ids, m. and f. (in a good or bad sense);
2, =the hand that points to the hour of the
day, use gnomon, or horarum index; 3, = table
of the contents of a book, index or epitome.
indexterity, n. inscitia.
Indian, adj. Indianus, Indicus.
indicate, v.tr. Indicate, indicio or indicium
esse; in reference to future things, significare,
praenunliare, portendere ; = to announce, nun-
tiare., nuntium alejs rei afferrc; = to declare
anything that is to be kept a secret, enuntiarc ;
= to denounce, inform, deferre ; = to declare,
state what is to be done, denuntiare (e.g.
war) ; = to prove, arguerc ; see Declare.
indication, n. indicium, index, argumentum,
vestigium, documentum, significatio, signum.
indicative, adj. 1, indicans; see Declare;
2, — mood, modus induntivus (gram.), indi-
catory, adj. significans ; see Declare.
indict, v.tr. = to accuse, accusare, postulare,
nomen alcjs deferre; see Accuse, Action, in-
dictment, n. bill of — , libcllus, accusatio
(inasmuch as the speaker appears before the
public with it), indictable, adj. accusabilis,
quod lege auimadvertendum est. indicter, n.
accusator.
indifference, n. 1, lit. leuitas, vilitas
( = slightness of a matter) ; 2, = careless-
ness about anything, taking no notice of it,
neglegentia (ncglig-) alcjs or alcjs rei; neglectio
alcjs rei, contemptio alcjs rei, despicientia alcjs
rei, incuria ; 3, — calmness, arquus animus,
aequitas animi ; = coldness, lentitudo; = hard-
ness of heart, animus durus, animus alicna-
tus ab alqo (= coldness towards n friend); 4,
= impartiality, aequabilitas, aequitas ; see Im-
partiality, indifferent, adj. 1, in the
proper sense, idem valens, ejusdempretii ( = of the
same value) ; = neither good nor bad, nee bonus
nee mains ; indiffcrens (attempted by Cicero as a
translation of the Greek a$ta<l>opos) ; = keeping
the middle course, neither to blame nor to praise,
medius, qui (quae, quod) ne.quc laudari per se neque
vituperori potest; — trifling, insignificant, levis,
vilis; = too sure of any thing, securus; = careless
about anything, remissus, dissolutus ; (e.g. who-
ever, in seeing these things, could be so — as to
remain silent? quis tarn dissoluto animo est, qui
haec quum vidcat tacere possit ?) ; = slow, sluggish,
lentus; = hard-hearted, durus; it is — to me
whether, etc., ntA.il iked interest or refert ; I
have become — against any fresh grief, afflic-
tion, obduruit animus ad dolorcm novum; to
remain — to anything, to bear, put up with,
aetruo animo ferre or pati alqd, lente(=ens\\y)fcrre
alqd; see Impartial; 2, neither good nor the
worst, tolerabilis ; = middling, mediocris,
modicus ; = pretty fair, satis bonus or sat
bonus (e.g. accusator). Adv. = without distinc-
tion, promiscue, jiromtscam (ante class.) ; = care-
lessly, dissoluto or remisso animo, veglegenter
(ncglig-); = coolly, lenle ; = hard -heartedly,
d writer ; = impartially, aequo animo, aequabilU
tcr ; = middlingly, mediocriter, modice.
indigence, n. inopia ; = Vant, egestas, men-
dicitas ; = poverty, inopia; to be reduced to
extreme — , ad extremum inopiae venire; to be
reduced to complete poverty, to become a
pauper, in mendicitatem detrudi. indigent,
adj. ii'ups, cgens, mendicus ; sec NEEPY,
ind
7oO
me
indigenous, adj. 1, applied to persons,
indigene (opp. alienigeim, adueaa, peregriuus),
or circumloc. by in ed or Hid tend natus ; the —
inhabitants (= natives), indigenac : 2, applied to
animals, vegetables, etc., indigena, vernacidus;
see Native.
indigested, adj. 1, = not concocted in the
stomach, crndus; 2, = not regularly disposed
and arranged ; see Un arranged; 3,= not reduced
to due form, immaturus. indigestible, adj.
difficilis ccmcoctu or ad eoncoquendum, gravis.
indigestion, u. crudUas (e.g. of the stomach).
indignant, adj. indigndbundua( = full of in-
dignation); = half-angry, subiralus; = angry,
iratus, iracundus; = with a hostile feeling, ini-
qyus; to be — against anyone, alci stomachari or
iratum esse. Adv. irate, iracundc. indigna-
tion, n. indignalio (in gen.),' indignitas (=
indignity, then dissatisfaction we feel), at any-
thing, 'idejs ret; = displeasure, sensitiveness,
stomachus ; = anger, ira, iracundia, bills ; rather
in — , suhiratus; in — , animo iniquo or irato,
indignabundus, iratus. indignity, n. icjno-
minia, indignitas, contnmelia ; see Insult.
indirect, adj. 1, lit. not straight, nnn rectus,
devius ; 2, — tig., can only be rendered by cir-
cnmloc. ; there are direct and — causes, caus(s)a-
rum aliae sunt adjuvantes, aliac proximae; if —
means through a third party, it is rendered by
per (e.g. per senntum) ; 3, Grain, t.t. obliquus
(e.g. orotic obliqua). Adv. dbscwre, tecte, clam,
occvlte, or byjiei-with ace. as above, circuitione
qv/niam.
indiscernible, adj. quod txrni rum potest.
indiscoverable, adj. quod inveniri non
potest.
indiscreet, adj. see Inconsiderate, Im-
provident, Immodest, indiscretion, n. see
Improvidence, Immodesty.
indiscriminate, adj. pramiscuus. Adv.
omni discrimine sublato, promiscue.
indispensable, adj. necessarivs; it is — ,
neccsse est (with ace. and inf. or with subjuuc).
Adv. neccssario.
indispose, V.tf. by circnmloc. alqd ad a'qd
inutile reddere, njqm ab alqd re, avocare. indis-
posed, adj. 1, tobe, feel — , leviter aegrotare ; to
become — , see Sickly ; 2, = unwilling, aversus
ab alqo or ab alqd re ( = feeling averse), aliena-
tv.s, alienus ( = hostile to a cause) ; not to be —
to believe a thing, inclinato ad credendum esse
animo; not to feel — todo athing, hand displicet
(with inf.). indisposition, n. 1, commotiun-
mda; 2, animus avcrsvs, invilus, alienus; see
Aversion, Disinclination.
indisputable, adj. certus.perspicuus, mani-
festus, clurus; sec Certain. Adv. sine (ultd)
corUroversid ( = without the least controversy) ;
= undoubtedly, ccrto,sincdubio ; = without fail,
hand dubie, ccrte ; = by far, longe, with adj.
(e.g. Demosthenes was — the finest orator,
oratorum longe prineeps Demosthenes).
indissoluble, adj. indissolubilis (lit, e.g.
'knot, nodus); Inesplicabills (lit. = what cannot be
unfolded, untwisted, e.g. chain, vinculum; hence
tig. = unexplainable); = everlasting, aeternus.
indistinct, adj. parum clarus (both for
the eye and the ear) ; obscurus (e.g. speech,
oratio); = perplexed, perplcrus ( = diflicult
to make out, e.g. an answer, a reply, responsum);
an — voice, vox oltusa (= weak, Quint). Adv.
minus clare, obscure, perpleie, confuse ; see
Doubtful, Doubtfully. indistinguish-
able, adj. quod discerni non potest.
indite, v.tr. srribere.
individual, X, adj. pmprius, sing>dnris,
singuli; to remain true to one's — character,
nalurc.m propriam. sequL Adv. viritim, in singu-
las, si(n)gillativi. II. n. an — , homo, indi-
viduality, n. nut urn alcjs propria.
indivisibility, n. by adj. indivisible,
adj. individuus, quod dividi non potest; small
— bodies, corpttscula indMdua.
indocile, adj. indocilis. indocility, n,
innenium indocile.
indoctrinate, v.tr. crudire in alqd re.
Indolence, n. ignavia, inertia, desidia,
segnitia (segnities), pigritia (pigrities). indo-
lent, adj. ignavus, iners, deses, segnis (in posit.
rare in classical Lat.), piger. Adv. ignore,
segne, segniter; see Idle.
indomitable, adj. quod vimi non potest,
in vidus, indom itus.
in-door, adj. umbratilis. in-doors, adv.
domi.
indorse, v.tr. 1, syngrapham inscribe re ;
2, fig. see Sanction, Allow.
indubitable, adj. non dvbi"s; = certain,
certus. Adv. see Certain.
induce, v.tr. anybody to a thing, uiqm in
or alqd inducere ( = to lead into, e.g. an error, in
errorem; to a war, ad helium); = to urge any-
one to a tiling, alqm impellere tutor in dlqd
(e.g. to a war, ad helium) ; = to allure any-
one to a thing, alqm illicere or pell ice re in or ad
alqd (e.g. in fraudem) ; = to try to — a
person to do a thing, alqm sol(J)icitare ad alqd
faciendum or sol(l)icitare ut, etc. inducement,
n. caus(s)a, impulsus, -us, incitamentum, illece-
brae, praemium. inducer, n. auclor. in-
duct, v.tr. inauourare. induction, n. in
logic, inductio (Quint.); logical t.t. * ratio per
inductionem facta.
indulgence, n. indulgentia, dementia, be-
nignilas, venia(= the overlooking of faults); in
the middle ages, * indulgentia (= remission of
sins), indulge, I. v.tr. alci or aid rei indid-
gere, alci. or alci rei reniam dare, alqm indulgev-
tld tractare, alqd alci conccdcrc or con dona re ; =
giatify, (volnptabilis) sc dedcre, (in)serrirc. II.
v.iutr. nimis sibi indidgere. indulgent, adj.
indulgent (=. showing kindness or favour,
opp. of sevcrus), clemens (= merciful, opp. of
sevrrus, ervdelis), benignus (= kindness of heart,
opp. of malignus), facilis. Adv. indulgenter,
clementer, benigne.
Industry, n. industria, (gjnavitas (rare, opp.
ignavia), labor, opera, assiduitas, scdulitas.
industrious, adj. industrius, (gpiavus, acer,
sedulus, assiduus, strenuvs, diligens. Adv. indus-
trie,(g)naviter,acrlter, assiduc, strenuc, diliacnter.
indweller, n. incola, m. and f. ; see Inhab-
itant, indwelling, adj. = remaining within
(e.g. sin), qui intus est, insitus ; — natural, in-
nate, innatus, naturd insitus.
inebriate, v.tr. ebrium faccre, temv.lentum
facere. inebriated, adj. ebrius, temukntus.
inebriation, n. cbrietas; see Drunkenness.
inedited, adj. ineditus.
ineffability, n. by ineffable, adj. by
quod verbis erprimi non potest, inauditus; =
too horrible to utter, infandus (e.g. deed, grief;;
= incredible, incredibilis (e.g. pleasure, desire,
longing): = unheard of, inauditus (e.g. great-
ness, size, cruelty). Adv. supra quam enarrori
potest (= indescribably) ; incrcdibiliter (= in-
credibly).
ineffective, inefficient, adj. invalidvs
(lit. not strong, weak), (e.g. medicine, opp. forlis,
valens); = unfit, unwholesome, inutilis; to re-
main, to be — , tffectv carere (°.g. plans, etc.).
me
731
inf
A'liv. frustra, neqiti(cWuam (neqnidq-). in-
effectiveness, inefficiency, n. use adj.
inelegance, inelegancy, n. circumloc.
by sine elegant id; inconcinnitas(e.g. of the ideas,
senientiqrum) ; see Elegance, inelegant, adj.
invcnustus (= ungraceful), inelegans (= without
taste), inconcinnus (= slovenly, improper),
illepidusi— without grace), inurbanus, agrestis,
iuhumanus, rusticns (= boorish), inornatus (=
without ornaineut) ; incomptus (lit. uncombed,
e.g. head, hair: then fig., unpolished, e.g.
speech, style). Adv. inelcganter, illepidc, inur-
bone, Tustice.
ineligible, adj. qui per leges non eligemlus
est, = unsuitable, inopportunus ; see Unfit, Un-
suitable.
inept, adj. ineptus; see Absurd.
inequality, n. inacqualitas, dissimilitudo
(t=unlikeness, e.g. of character, morvm). in-
equitable, adj. iniquus (of pers. and things,
opp. aequus, e.g. judge, law, condition); injus-
(us (= unjust, of pera. and things, opp. Justus,
meritus, debitus, e.g. interest of money) ; impro-
bus (— dishonest) ; immeritus (= undeserved ;
especially with a negation before it, e.g. praise
not undeserved, laudes haud immcritae). Adv.
iniquc, injuste.
inert, adj. iners, immobilis, tardus; see
Idle, Indolent. Adv. tarde. inertness,
n. inertia; see Indolence.
inestimable, adj. iuacstimabilis (lit. = what
cannot be estimated, Liv.); tinicus (= alone of
its kind), mirus, mirijicus, incredibilis (= won-
derful); eximius, pracstans, extellcns, singularis
(— excellent). Adv. eximie, excellenter, unicc,
praestanter, mire, mirifice, increiiibiliter.
inevitable, adj. quod vitari or fvgari non
potest, inevilabilis, necessarius. Adv. nccessario.
inexact, adj. liaud exquisitus or accuratus
(of things), indiligens (of persons), inexact-
ness, n. indiligentia ; — of expression, verba
non accurata.
inexcusable, adj. quod excusari non potest,
quod nihil cxcusalionis habet. Adv. use adj.
inexhaustible, adj. quod exhauriri non
■potest, infinitus.
inexorability, inexorableness, n. cir-
cumloc. by inexorable, adj. inexorabilis; =
with unflinching severity, sevcrissimus, durus.
Adv. use adj.
inexpediency, n. inutilitas, or by adj.
inexpedient, adj. inutilis, inopportunus.
inexperience, n. imperitia (= want of
knowledge and experience) ; i)iscitia, inscientia,
■insolentia (= ignorance in gen.), alcjs rei. inex-
perienced, adj. imperitus, in anything, alcjs
rei ; — ignoraut, ignarua (alcjs rei), = only a
beginner, rudis in. alqd re; to be — in anything,
alqd nescire, in alqd re non versatum esse, in alqd
re peregrinum, or hospitem, or comb, peregrinum
c.tque hospitem esse, inexpert, adj. = Inex-
perienced.
, inexpiable, adj. inexpiabilis.
inexplicable, adj. inerplicabiUs. Adv.
use adj.
inexpressible, adj. inauditus, inenarru-
bilis; see Ineffable.
inexpugnable, adj. incxpugnabilis.
inextinguishable, adj. t inex(s)tinctus
(e.g. ignis, fames, nomeri), quod reprimi or
ex(s)(ingui non potest.
inextricable, adj. inexplicabilis, \ inex-
tricabilis. Adv. use adj.
infallibility, n, (e.g. of a remedy) certum
remediuin. infallible, adj. 1, = certain,
cerlus, nun- dubius; exploratus ; 2, = one 'who
is incapable of erring, qui errare -non potest.
Adv. certo ; to be — , omni errore carerc.
infamous, adj. in/amis, turpis, flagitiosus,
sceleratus, focdus. Adv. turpiler,fiagitiose, sccler-
ate,foede. infamy, n. injamia, turpitudo, dede-
CVS, -oris, ignominiu.
infant, n. in/ans, jiliolus, filiola. infancy,
ii. in/antia (Plin., TttC.), or by infans (e.g. in
his — , cum esset infuns). Infanta, n. jllia
regis Hispaniae. infanticide, n. infantium
caedes. infantine, adj. puerilis.
infantry, n. 2>cdites, -«m; or collectively,
pedes, also pedi ta t us, -its.
infatuate, v.tr, infatuure (= to lead, entice
to an absurdity) ; occaecare (=to make blind, to
blind) ; pellieire (= to inveigle, wheedle, e.g. a
girl), infatuated, adj. aniens, demens. in-
fatuation, n. amentia, dementia, furor.
infect, v.tr. = to infuse into a healthy body
the virus of a diseased body, facirc vt alqd trail-
seat in alios (i.e. lit. to pass over into others,
of diseases) ; = to communicate bad qualities to
anyone ; e.g. others became likewise — ed, con-
tagio morbi etium in alios vulgata est ; tig. to — a
person through one's bad qualities, alqm vitiis
suis inficire; to become — ed by orrors, infici or
imbui vitiis, imbui trroribus. infection, n.
contagio (lit. and tig. in pi.), f contagium, eontac-
tus,-fis; see Contagion, infectious, infec-
tive, adj. in good Lat. circ. by contagio morbi ;
— disease, pestilentia.
lnfecundity, u. sterilitas (opp. fcrtilitas).
infelicitous, adj. infelix; see Unhapi'v.
infelicity, n. malum; sec Unhappiness.
infer, v.tr. concludere. colligere. infer-
ence, u. 1, — the art of inferring, argumenUi-
tlo,conjectura; 2, = conclusion drawn, conclusio
(of a syllogism), conjcclura (on general grounds) ;
quod colli gi potest (from, etc., ex, etc.); see Con-
clusion.
inferior, I. adj. inferior, deterior, minor.
II. n. (e.g. anyone's — ), inferior; ii qui in-
fcriores su iU.
infernal, adj. infernus (tit) ; the — regions>
inferi, iOrcus; = frightful, tcrribilis (fig.);
— diabolical, nefandus (fig.).
infertile, adj. sterilis; see Barren, infer-
tility, 11. sterilitas.
infest, v.tr. infestum reddere ; to — (the high
seas) by piracy, mare infestarc latrociniis;
vcxare. infested, adj. infest us.
infidelity, n. (in a Christian sense), itn-
pietas; — unfaithfulness, infidelitas ; perfidia,
(— treachery) ; = to commit a breach of faith,
fidem mo cere or violare or frangere; = to show
— , pcrjide agere.
infinite, adj. infinitus (= without limits),
immciisus ; — mood, verbum infinitum, modus in-
jinltus (gram.). Adv. infinite, ad or in infinitum,
ad or in immensum; see Endless, infini-
tesimal, adj. minimus, quam minimus, in-
finitude, infinity, n. infinitas (= infinite ex-
tent), infinitum tempus (=eudless time); magna
copia (= great quantity).
infirm, adj. infirmus, imbicilhts, invedidus,
debilis ; see Weak, infirmary, n. nosoco-
mium (roaoKojtieloi') vahtudinarium (Jet.).
infirmity, n. 1, infirmitas, imbecillitas, de-
bilitas ; 2, == a complaint, vitium ; = a bodily
complaint, vitium corporis, morbus; the — , the
defects of the state, reipublicae vitia.
inflame, v.tr. 1, = to set on fire in a lit.
sense, accendire i incendcrc, infiommare; 2,= to
inf
732
mg
oxcite or increase (e.g. passions), incitare, in-
fiammare, accentlere, incendere; seo Incite; 3,
= to heat, as to — with wine, to exasperate
(e.g. the enmity of parties), inflammare ; to be in-
flamed, to grow hot, angry, and painful, inflam-
mari, ardere, flagrare. inflammable, adj.
Jaeilis ad exardeseendum, quod celcritcr accendi-
tur. inflammation, n. inflammatio (Flin.).
inflammatory, adj. 1, inflammans; 2, tig.
eeditiosvs, turbulentus (of speech).
inflate, v.tr. 1, = to swell or distend by in-
jecting air, inflare, svfflare ; to become inflated,
'inflari ; 2,— to distend by blowing in, spiritu dis-
tendere (e.g. a bladder) ; 3, = to become inflated,
se inflare or sufflare (e.g. of the frog) ; = to puff
up (e.g. to — anyone), inflare alcjs animum ad
svperbiam. inflated, adj. 1. inflates, sufflatus;
2, of speech, tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. in-
flation, n. ivflatio ; fastus, -lis, = idle vanity,
conceit, siipcrbia inanis.
inflect, v.tr. 1, = to bend, (in)fleclcre ; see
Bend; 2, (in the grammat. sense) dcclinare. in-
flection, n. flmts, -iis,= in the grammat. sense,
deelinatio. inflexibility, n. (of the temper),
obstinalio, pertinacia, pervicacia, ■perseverantia.
inflexible, adj. rigidus (lit. = still' with cold,
then tig. = rigid, inexorable), obstinatvs, perli-
nax, pcnricax. Adv. obstinate, pertinacitcr, per-
vicaciter, perseveranter.
inflict, v.tr. alci olqd afferre, infcrre (esp.
evil) ; alqm alqd re afficere (= to affect any-
one, make an impveRsion with anything) ; to
— ignominy, disgrace, alci turpitudinem in-
Jrrre or infligere, ignominid alqm afficere or
notare ; alci ignominiam ivjungere ; to — wrong,
injuriam alci facers, inferrc, injungere, impo-
itere ; — punishment upon, pocnam de alqp
capere or sumac, alqm poena afficere, alqm punire;
see Punish, infliction, n. = an evil, malum,
incommodunu
inflorescence, n. floe.
influence, I. n. vis; effect its, -is (i.e. vis
efficiendi, e.g. of the moon), pondus, -eris,
auctoritas, momentum (= weight), potentia (=
power), gratia (= personal or political — ) ; ampli-
tudo (= greatness acquired through the office
which a person holds) ; digni'.as (— personal —
through one's high social position); = — of a
whole party, or of one person, through power
and wealth, opes, -inn, f. ; = power of one body In-
coming in contact with another, tactus, -its (e.g.
of the sun, .in/is; of the moon, tome); =• — ofthe
stars and the moon, vis stcllarum ac lunae ;
divine — , afflatus, -us, instinctus or divinns ; to
exercise an — upon anything, valere, conduccre,
vim habere ad alqd (= to contribute to, etc.);
= to extend to, pcrtinere ad alqd; to have — ,
weight with a person, multum atietarUate valere
or posse, apvd alqm multum gratid valere; to
have no — , to be of no avail, nihil posse, nihil
valere, sine auetoritate esse; to have a bene-
ficial — upon anyone, prodesse alci (rei) ;
an Injurious — , nocere alci (rei). II. v.tr. alqm
movere, permovere, alci pcrsuadrre ; see above,
to have — . influential, adj. (afcjs rei) potens
(of animate and inanimate objects); = strong,
through means, resources, favour, validvs or
potens opibus, gratia (of persons) ; an — person,
qvi vuritum valet ; gravis (— weighty), ampins (=
— in position), magna auctoritate. influx, n.
by influere (e.g. influentes in Italian Gallorum
cojnos reprimcre, = to check the — of the Gauls
into Italy).
inform, v.tr. 1, (lit. = to give form or shape
to), (ef)fingere, facere, efficere, conformare, in-
formate; hence, = to animate, Umimarc ; 2,
= to acquaint anyone with a fact, alci alqd
vvntiare (= to announce j u writing, or by a
messenger) ; = to announce through a messen-
ger, ah/d alci per tiuntium declarare ; = to com-
municate a fact (as a certain*)'), certiorcm facire
alqm alcjs rei or de ah/d re; alqm alqd or de alqd
re docere ; alqd ad alqm deferrc, praejerre ; — by a
hint, alci alqd signifleare ; 3, ■ — against, ac-
cusarc nomen alcjs de alqd re, or alci alcjs rei
defette. informal, adj. inusitatus, irritus, in-
solitus; of an election, by vithim (e.g. consul vitio
creatvs). Adv. vitio, haud more, informality,
n. 1, vitium (in an election, etc.) ; 2, = without
formality, amice, informant, n. auctor alcjs
rei. information, n. 1, = intelligence, nun-
tius ; written — , Ht(t)erae ; — the authority (for
the truth of anything), auctoritas; =a doubtful
— , rumour, Jama ; = indication of anything,
signiflcatio alcjs rei; to receive — , nunthnn ac-
cipcre, certiorem fieri, about anything, alcjs rei
or de alqd re; to learn, hear — , alqd accipere,
uudire, comperire ; 2, = knowledge, scientia,
doctrina ; see Knowledge : 3, = accusation,
delalio, indicium, informer, n. delator, index,
■ids, in. and f.
infraction, n. = non-observance, by vio-
lotus (e.g. of a treaty, rinlatum or ruptum J'ocdus).
infrangible, adj. qvod frangi non potest.
infrequency, n. raritas; see Rare, Rarity.
infrequent, adj. rants.
infringe, v.tr. = to break (e.g. contracts),
frangcrc, violate, infringement, n. immuni-
tio, diminutio (= lessening, e.g. gloriae); viola tio
alcjs rei (e.g. of the international law, juris
gentium ; of a treaty, foederis) ; — of the law,
jieccafvm, delictum, infringer, n. qui alqd
non (observed, qui cdqd viohtt, alcjs rei violator.
infuriate, I. adj. rabidus; see Furious.
II. v.tr. exaspcrare ; see Enrage.
infuse, v.tr. 1, = to pour in (e.g. a liquid),
infundere ; 2, see Instil, infusion, n. 1, =
the act of pouring in, infiisio ; 2, = the thing
itself in which a thing is steeped, dilutum,
decoctum (Plin.).
ingathering, n. = collecting fruits, per-
cept io J'rugum or J'ructuum.
ingenerate, v.tr. gencrare, gignere, parere.
ingenious, adj. = subtle, subtilis ; = one
who shows taste and refinement, luculentus, sol-
(l)rrs, callidus (— dexterous or clever), artificiosus
(= highly finished both by nature and art); = of
great talent, ingenio praestans, ingenio summo,
clati ingenii ; = acute, ready, argutus (e.g. an
idea, snttcntia). Adv. suhtilitcr, luculeutc(r),
sol(l)erter, collide, artificial, argute ; see Clever,
Dexterous, Acute, ingenuity, n. = quick-
ness of invention (of persons), (ingenii) acumen
or acies ; = clearness of mind, perspicacitas,
prudentia; = subtlety, subtilitas ; — sagacioua-
ness, sagacitas; — clearness in arguing, acumen
or subtilitas disserendi; ars (= cleverness), sol-
(lyrtia (= dexterity), »nac7«natio(=contrivance).
ingenuous, adj. an — mind, liber (= with-
out reserve); =open, straightforward, ingenvvs;
an _ i candid letter, cpistula liberior ; apertus ( —
open), Simplex (= simple). Adv. liberc, ingenue,
aperte, simpliciter; to speak — , lilcrc dicere.
ingenuousness, n. = openness of heart, liber-
tas (also of speech); — hi conversation, sermo
liberior; with — , I ibere, ingenue; ingenuUas
(= the character of a gentleman).
ingestion, n. t'ndere alqd alci rei or in alqd,
ingcrere in alqd.
ingle-nook, n. domus (intimd); in the
— , domi.
inglorious, adj. inglorius(c.g. life); =ugly,
ti/rpix (morally; e.g. deed). Adv. sine gloria;
— dishonourably, (urpittr.
mg
733
mm
Ingot, ji. — of gold, later, -eris, m., aureus;
«— of silver, later argtnteus.
ingraft, v.tr. = to insert a scion of one tree
or plant into another for propagation, inserere;
ingrafted, insilus.
ingrained, adj. insitus ; — produced In-
habit, Inveteratvs.
ingrate, I. adj. = ungrateful ; ingratus {—
both — , and what does not. pay), = unmindful of
kindness received, beneficii, beneficiorum imme-
mor. II. n. homo ingratus. ingratiate, v.tr.
— to commend oneself to another's goodwill (of
persons), alcjs favorcm or benevolentiam sibi con-
ciliare or colligere, gratiam inire ab alqo, ad or
apud alqm ; alcjs benevolentiam captare (•= to
seek favour), alcjs gratiam aucupari, alcjs favo-
rem quaerere ; to try to — oneself with the
people, aurem popularem captare, alcjs gratiam
sequi ; to have ingratiated himself with anybody,
gratiosum esse alci or apnd alqm; very much,
gratia florin or multum gratid valere apud alqm ;
to have ingratiated oneself very much with
everybody, apud omnes in summd gratid esse.
ingratitude, n. animus ingratus, beneficiorum
immemor.
ingredient, n. pars; = member, limb, com-
ponent part, membrum (e.g. hujus otiosae dig-
nitatis haec fundamental sunt, haec membra);
— s, elementa alcjs rei ; that of which anything
is an — , res ex quibus conflatur el efjlcitur alqd ;
or by n. pi. (e.g. the following — s, haec).
ingress, n. ingressus, -its.
ingulf, v.tr. 1, = to swallow up in a vast
deep, (de)vorare, haurirc; 2, = to cast into a
gulf, alqm in alqd detrudire, de(j)iccre, {alqd re)
obru(re (e.g. fluctibus).
Inhabit, v.tr. habitare alqm locum, (in) alqo
loco; = to be resident anywhere, (in)colere alqm
locum; = to occupy, tenere alqm locum (e.g.
places, countries); densely inhabited, frequens
{tectis ; opp. desertus). inhabitable, adj. habi-
tabilis. inhabitant, n. incola, m. and f. (=
resident in a town, country); sessor (in the
same sense, in Xepos) ; habitalor (= one who
has his residence in a country, etc.); = tenant,
inquilinus (opp. landlord, dominus); = citizen,
civis (opp. peregriniis, a foreigner) ; = colonist,
colonus ; homo, esp. in the pi. homines (= man-
kind); — of a town, oppidi incola, oppidanus ;
— of a village, incola vici, vicauus, pajja-
nus ; — of an island, insulanus (Cic.) ; — of a
province, provincialis.
inhale, v.tr. spiritu (spirando)ducere, spiritu
haurire.
inharmonious, adj. 1, dlscors, absonus,
dissonus; 2, = on bad terms, dissentancus, dis-
crepant. Adv. hand comonanter, haud congru-
enter.
inherent, adj. insitus, innat us, proprius; to
be — , in alqd re inesse. Adv. natvrd, in or per
se (e.g. the thing is — evil, quod in se malum
est).
inherit, v.tr. and intr. heredem esse (=to be
heir), to anyone, alci (not. alcjs), hereditatem
aecipere ab alqo, hereditatem consequi ; I have
Inherited, hereditas venit ad me, hereditas mihiob-
ven.it; to have inherited a thing, alqd hereditate
possidere (= to possess a thing by virtue of a will);
=to succeed, come to property, hereditatem adire,
cernere (the legal declaration of acceptance, ere-
tio); to — everything, heredem ex asse esse; to —
one-half, heredem esse ex dimidid parte; to — one-
sixth, heredem in sextante esse, inheritance, n.
hereditas (= right of — , and the — itself) ; I
come to the property by — , hereditas mihi renit,
obtingit, obvenit, hereditas ad me renit or per-
venit. inherited, adj. patrius, patei'nus,
avitus.
inhibit, v.tr. inttrdicere ; see Forbid, in-
hibition, n. interdiction ; see Prohibition.
inhospitable, adj. t inliospitalis, t luhos-
pitus. inhospitality, n. inhospitalitas or by
inhospiuilis; see Churlish.
inhuman, adj. inhumanus (= unfeeling, e.g.
character, ingenium ; cruelty, crudelitas ; man,
homo); = monstrous, immanis (of tilings and
persons) ; — unfeeling, ferus (of persons), comb.
Jerus et immanis, crudelis, saei'us, atrox, durus,
J'erreus. Adv. inhumane, crudeliter, saeve, utro-
citer, dure, duriter. inhumanity, 11. inhu-
mayiitas, immanitas, feritas, crudelitas, saevitas,
atrocitas.
inimical, adj. inimicus; see Hostile.
inimitability, n. by inimitable, adj.
non imitabilis, inimitabilis (Quint.), or by quod
nulla ars(pv nemo)cons&pti potest imitando. Adv.
by adj.
iniquitous, adj. = unfair, injustus, iniquus.
Adv. injuste, inique. iniquity, n. injustitia,
iniquitas ; see Wicked.
initial, I. adj. by initio -posit us, or prim-
us. II. n. = the "llrst letter of a name,
prima lit(t)cra. initiate, v.tr. 1, in reli-
gious sense, initiare ; 2, = to begin, coepisse ; set:
Begin, initiation, n. 1, by initiare; 2, in-
itium. initiative, adj. 1, by verb Initiate ;
2, quod initio J'actum est, primus.
inject, v.tr. (siphonis ope) infundere.
injudicious, adj. nullius consilii (=without
judgment); imprudens(= without caution), stul-
tus (= silly) ; inconsultus (— without con-
sidering); = inconsiderate, inconsideratus (e.g.
desires); =rash, temerarius (e.g. expression,
fox). Adv. inconsulte, inconsiderate or parum
considerate, temere. lnjudiciousness, II.
imprudentia, stultitia, or by adj.
injunction, n. interdictum.
injure.v.tr. laedere, sauciare, ndnerare, comb.
laedere et vulncrare, lacerare (=to tear to pieces),
tig. alci nocere (e.g. optimum virum verborum con-
tumeliis), violare(=to treat with violence); the
storm — s the ship, tempestas affiictat navem. in-
jury, n. 1, as act, vulneratio, sauciatio ; without
— to duty, salvo officio; 2,= harm, deirimentum,
incommodum, damnum (=loss), malum (=evil),
vulnus, -eris (= wound), ?ioiia(= trespass) ; to do
anyone an — , injuriam alci facere ; to forgive
an — , injuriam condonare. injurer, n. qui in-
juriam facit. injurious, adj. noxius, injur-
iosus, damnosus, gravis (of air), malus, adversus,
+ contrarius, iniquus; — words, contumeliae or
verba contumcliosa. Adv. injuriose, damnose,
graviter, male, contumeliose.
injustice, n. injustitia (of unjust proceed-
ings); an — done, injuria factum ; to commit-
an — , injuriam facere, injuste facere.
Ink, n. atramentum ; an — horn, — stand,
—pot, * utramentarium. inky, adj. atramento
foalatus.
inkling, n. svsurrus; see Whisper, Hint.
inland, adj. mediterraneus.
inlay, v.tr. inserlre, carfare, distinguire;
see Adorn.
inlet, n. 1, aditU3, -us; 2, of the sea, aesluar-
ium.
inly, adv. penitus.
inmate, n. = lodger, deversor, inquilinus ;
of country, incola, in. and f . ; see Inhabitant.
inmost, innermost, adj. intimus; the —
part, inlima pars; intlma, -orum ; viscera, -urn,
iuil
734
ins
p!.(^ehtiails, bowels, fig. = the boldest parts,
e.g. of the heart, the state, etc.); a thing
is impressed in my — heart, alqd haeret
inihi in viscriibus ; also by intimus or
penitus (e.g. he proceeded to the — parts of
Macedonia to conceal himself, se abdidit in
intimam Macedonian, penitus se abdidit in Mace-
donian), or, if speaking of forests, by ilea-
sissimus (e.g. to retreat into the — parts of the
forests, pe in densissimas silvas abdidit).
inn, n. devcrsori(ol)um, hospitium, caupona
( = a tavern), innkeeper, n. cau}m.
innate, adj. innatus, ingeneratus, insitus,
comb, insitus et innatus; proprius ; = natural,
natvralis, nativus (opp. assumpsits, adventicius,
i.e. artificially acquired) ; = inherited, congeneru-
tus ; avitvs {e.g. an evil, malum); the old and —
pride of the Claudia n family, veins atque insita
Claudiae fomiltae superbia ; — ideas, notiones
{in animo insitae).
inner, adj. = interior, interior (opp. ex-
terior); = what is going on in the interior of
the country, etc., intestimis (opp. externus,
foreign); = what is going on at- home, in one's
own country, domesticus (opp. /oris, abroad),
comb, intestinus ac domesticus; the — man,
animus; the interior affairs, res domestical (—
home affairs) ; = intellectual (e.g. qualities,
bona animi, virtutes avimi; := natural feeling,
natura. Adv. intus; within, interim (opp. ex-
terius).
innocence, n. innocentia; = purity, ineor-
ruptness, integritas, comb, integritas atque inno-
centia; = simplicity, sincerity, simplicitas; to
prove one's — , se'purgare old; = modesty,
pudicitia; = chastity, castitas, comb, integritas
pmlieiliaque; — of the heart, castas animus
purusque. innocent, I. adj. 1, = without
crime, innocent ( = doing no harm), timmc-
rens, timmerilus; = free from guilt, guiltless,
insons, culpl vacuus or carens ; — pure, free from
all sin, not to be seduced, integer, sanchis; to be
— of a thing, insontem esse alcjs rei (e.g. of a
public decree, consilii publici) ; 2, — chaste,
integer ( = who leads a moral life) ; = discreet,
pudicus; — chaste, who does nothing unchast".
c-astvs et integer. Adv. iniegre, pud ice, cast ,
comb, pure et caste, caste integreque ; = with-
out bad intention, imprudenter, per inscitlam.
II. n. = idiot, (homo) stultissimus. inno-
ouous, adj. = harmless, innocuiis { = not able
to do harm), to anyone, alci ; = doing no harm,
innoxius, to anyone, alci ; = innocent, innocens
(all three of persons and tilings) ; to be — , non
or nihil nocire.
innovate, v.tr. navare, mulare( =to chancre) ;
see Innovation hereafter, innovation, n. 1,
= renewing, renovatio ; 2, = the thing itself,
res nana ; to be fond of making — s (in the state),
rerum novarum cupidum esse, rerum commutn n-
darnm or evert endarum cupidum esse : fondness
of making — s in the state of government, rerum
iwvamm stvdium, innovator, n. = fond of
innovations, novitatis cupidns (in gen.).
innumerable, adj. InnumerabUis, +i«n«-
merus ; ^endless, infinitus, comb, inflnitus
prope et innumerabilis ; an indefinite number,
sescenti.
inobservance, n. neglegentia (negttg-); see
Inadvertestv, Disobedience, inobservant,
adj. neglegens (neglig-).
inoculate, v.tr. 1, in gardening, inocularc
(Col.); 2, raeu. tt. * variolas inserere lias been
suggested.
inodorous, adj. odore carens.
inoffensive, adj. 71/oii n Hi ii habet offensionis ;
= simple, simplex. Adv. simplicity, inoffen-
sivene^S, ii. by adj. Inoffensive ; see Inno-
cent.
inopportune, adj. inopportunus ; see In-
convenient. Adv. hand opportune.
inordinate, adj. immoderatus, immodicus,
nimius, incredibilis, singularis, mirifiens, mints.
Adv. praeter modum, immoderate immodice,
minis, nimium, incredibiliter, singidariter, miri-
fiee, mire.
inorganic, adj. e.g. — bodies, corpora
nulld cohacrendi naturd (Cic).
inquest, n. quaestio; to hold an — , de
alqd re (e.g. de morte) quaercre,
inquietude, n. sol(l)kitudo ; see Disquiet.
inquire, v.intr. =to ask a question, alqcl or
de alqd re quaercre { = to ask in general) ; to —
strictly nfter,alqdrequircre, exquirere, perquirere;
de alqd re sciscitare; percuntari (percunct-) alqd
or with ittrum or ne ; = to make oneself ac-
quainted with a thing, cognoscere de alqd re ; to
— of persons after a thing, alqd ah or ex o.h/o
quaercre, requirere, exquirere, alqm de alqd re in-
terrogare; — about anything in writing, scisci-
tari per Ut{t)eras de alqd re ; — into, <lr alqd, re
cognoscere or quaercre, de alqd, re. or in alqd in-
quirh-e, alqd invesligare, indagare. inquiry,
n. 1, = act of inquiring, indagatio ; investigatio
(= tracing) ; = examination, cognitio ; percontatio
(percunct-) (— questioning) ; — of the truth, in-
vestigalio veri, reri inquisitio atque investigatio ;
= the critical examination of the truth, cognitio ;
to be entirely bent upon the — of a thing, totum
se in alqd re exquirendd collocarc ; = a diligent
research, diligentia ; to find by — , inquirendo
reperlre ; 2, legal t.t., = examination, cog-
nitio ( = inspection with the view of becoming
acquainted with a thing, e.g. of the town, nrbis ;
then = — by a magistrate or jury) ; quaestio (in
gen., and in a court) ; inqvisitio {lit. — examina-
tion of anything, e.g. of the truth, reri ; in the
law = — about a person's life and any crime
committed by him) ; — for a capital offence,
cognitio rei cajritalis ; to demand a judicial
— , innuisitioncm in alqm jostnlare (= to inquire
into the conduct of, in order to accuse) ; to
institute an — , quaestionem habHrc or instituire,
cognitionem constitucre, about, into anything,
alqd or de. alqd re quaerire, quaestionem de alqd
re habere ; to come to an — (e.g. it will come
to a trial), venire in quaestionem or in cogni-
tionem, cognosci. inquisition, n. 1, see In-
quiry; 2, in some Catholic countries = a I II u-
nal for trying heretics, quaesitores; a tri&l of
this kind, inquisitio de fide habila. inquisi-
tive, adj. audiendi cupidus or avidus, or studio-
sus, curiosus. Adv. curiose. inquisitlveness,
n. cupiditas, studium, or aviditas audiendi or co<7-
noscendi. Inquisitor, n. = one who inquires
by virtue of his ollice, quacsitor ; to be the — , to
be the person charged with an inquiry, an ex-
amination, trial, cognoscere, into, of a thing, alqd.
inroad, n. irrupUo, incursio, incursus, -us
(the latter also of rivers) ; to make an — , irrup-
tionem or incursionem Jacire in alqd ; = a sally,
attack, excursion, exeursio, excursus, -Us; =i a.
single expedition, movement in a campaign, ex-
peditio; — into the enemy's land, ivcvrsio in
fines hostium facta.
insalubrious, a«lj. Insaluber; = oppressive,
hence unfavourable to health, .gravis (e.g. tem-
perature, caelum), comb, gravis et pestileiis; —
airorclimate, pestilentia or gravitascaeli ; inti in-
peries caeli. insalubrity, n. — of a place,
pestilens loci lattura ; — of the air, pestilentia <r
r/rnvitas or intemperies caeli ; see Unhealthy.
insane, adj. insanus (lit. and fig.), mente
vaptun, (of .me who is out of his mind, silly,
lilS
JSO
ins
foolish, and of anything that is so) omens,
xlemens (lit. and fig., e.g. a scheme, consilium,
ratio); = mad, raving, furiosus, extort, veeors
(also = foolish), sccors (rare), (of persons and
things, e.g. a desire, cupiditas) ; = absurd,
Childish, stultus, ineptus (of persons and things).
Adv. dementer, insane, furiose, stulte, incptc.
insanity, It. itisauia (of lunatics, or in gen. of
extreme passion), furor ( = fury, of anyone that
flies into a passion), amentia, dementia, vecordia
{— madness or silliness), secordia (rare), stultitia
I— silliness).
insatiable, adj. insatiabilis, incxplcbilis (lit.
and tig.), insaturabilis (lit, e.g. belly, abdomen);
an — desire for reading, legendi aviditas. Adv.
by adj.
inscribe, v.tr. =to mark with letters, inscri-
blre, culscribi-re, consignors, inscription, n. on
monuments, coins, statues, inscriptio, index,
■icis, m. and f. (both in gen., e.g. of a book,
picture, statue) ; titulus (= inscriptio and index;
then = epitaph, titulus (sepule(h)ri) ; also = a
note, card, as a sign that a certain thing is to be
sold or let.); epiyramma, -litis, n., an — at the
foot of a statue, a gift, a tombstone, etc. ; car-
men (in verses, e.g., over the entrance of a
temple) ; to place an — upon anything, titulum
inscribere alci rei, alqd inscribere.
inscrutability, n. dbscuritas, or by in-
scrutable, adj. inexplicabilis, obscurns.
insect, n. inscctv.m (PI in.) ; bestiola (= a
small animal, e.g. the wire-worm).
insecure, adj. noa V/ith tutus, muni/us or fir-
mus, infestus (of roads, etc., = beset by robbers),
instabllis, incertus, lubricus (of footing). Adv.
non with tuto, firms, firmiter. insecurity, n.
by adj. (e.g. the — of the roads, itinera injesta).
insensate, adj., see Insane, Insensible.
insensible, adj. 1, sensRs expert; to be — ,
sen.su carere; 2, fig., durits, lentus. Adv.
setisim, pedete.mptim (pedetent-) ; Bee Feeling.
insensibility, n. 1, torpor; 2, animus durus,
lentitudo; see also Cruelty.
inseparability, n. by inseparable, adj.
= indissoluble, indissolubUit ; = indivisible, in-
dividuus ; an — friend, amicus fid isshnus. Adv.
use -adj. Inseparable.
insert, v.tr. inset-ire alci rei, or in alqd, in-
eludere alci ret, or in alqd, i)der(j)icerc, inter-
ponere (*= to put in between, e.g. intercalary
mouths, interccdatos menses ; then in general as
a parenthesis, either in speaking or in writing) ;
suppUre ( — to supply, add, what, was still want-
ing); adders alenl alci rei, or in with accus. (in
general, r= to add anything, e.g. I have inserted
something in my speech, in orationem uddidiquac-
ilam) ; adseribere alqd in alqd, or in alqd re (e.g.
diem in lit(t)cris, the date in a letter) ; = to
fasten in, infighe alci rei or in alqd ; = to fix in
the ground, plant, defigere in alqd or in alqd re.
insertion, n. 1, by verb Insert; 2, in rhct.,
the — of a clause = parenthesis, interpositin.
inside, I. n. pars interior. II. adv. intus.
III. prep, in with abl., intra with accus. ; see
Within.
insidious, adj. iiisidiosus, fallax, dolosus,
fnntilitkntus. Adv. insidiose, fallaciter, dolose,
frandidenter. insidiousness, n. fallucia,
dolus, f mus; see Deceitful.
insight, n. = discernment, intellegentia (in-
teltig-); = perfect knowledge, understanding,
seeing through, perspieientia ; of the truth,
vert; a deeper — into, knowledge of things (in
the highest sense), sapientia; = judgment, the
opinion based upon judgment, judicium, con-
silium; = a clear knowledge and — , eognitio,
of and into, alejt rei ; no — , want, of judgment,
iuiprudentia ; a man of dcop — , vir prudentissi-
mus, vir multi or magni consilii plenus ; men of
— and talent, viri docli et eruditi;aee Know-
ledge.
insignia, n.' faeces, -ium, m., insignia, -ium.
insignificant, adj. 1, = small, partus, ex-
iguus, minutus ; 2, =z unimportant, levis, nullius
moment i. insignificance, n. 1, exiguitas;
2, mediocritas (rare), nullius or parvi momenti.
insincere, adj. falsus, simidatus, fucosus,
fucatus, fallax, fraudidentus, dolosus, infidus or
infidclis (rare). Adv. fidso, fallaciter, simulate,
fraudidente, dolose. insincerity, n. fucus,
fallacia (e.g. sine fuco et fallacils), Jraus, -dis, f.,
dolus, simulatio, infidelitas.
insinuate, v.tr. and intr. 1,= to push, work
oneself into favour, se insinuare, arreph-e, irre-
perc, obrepere, t surrepere in alqd (e.g. amicitiam);
gratiam sibi parere apud alqm (— to ingratiate
oneself); 2, = to suggest by remote allusion,
alci alqd significare (= to give to understand) ;
see Hint, insinuation, n. 1, blanditiae ; 2,
significatio. insinuating, adj. blandus (_—
bland). Adv. blande.
insipid, adj. 1, nihil sapiens, insulsus,
t elutus ; 2, fig., insulsus, absurdus, ineptus,
frigidus, jejunus, inauis, exiiis; (= tasteless, lit.
insipidus is quite late); = not seasoned, non.
conditus; see Absurd. Adv. insulse, absurdr,
incjitr, frigide, jejune, inaniter, cxiliter. in-
sipidity, n. by Insipid, e.g. the — of the food,
cibi uoluptate carentet; if tig. see Absurdity.
insist, v. intr. alqd tuadere, hortari ; = to ask
for, alqd exigere, postulare, (ex)poscere, (efyiagi-
tare; = to state strongly, declarare, asseverare,
dicere, ab alqo contendere ut or de alqd re fa-
CiClldii.
insnavo, v.tr. irrctire (lit. and fig.); see
Ensnare.
insobriety, u.-intempcrantia ; see Drunken-
ness.
insolence, n. insolenUa; = pride, superbla,
contumacia, audacia, impudentia, arrogantia.
insolent, adj. insolent, contumax, audax, im-
pudent, arrogans. Adv. insolenter, contumtt-
citcr, audacitcr, impudentcr, arroganter, superbe.
insoluble, adj. 1, quod liquefieri non potest ;
2, llg. incxplicabiiis, dijficilis et inexplicabilis.
insolvent, adj. qui non est solvendo or ad
solvendum. insolvency, n. non solvendo esse,
or foro ce.dere; see Bankrupt.
insomuch, adv. sic, ita, hoc or eo modo,
adeo ; under this condition, hdc or ed condicionr,
hdc lege ; so far, eo usque ; see So.
inspect, v.tr. visere, invisere (= to view, lit.) ;
a{d)s]dc<~.re (=tO look on) ; inspiclre, introspicire,
perspicere (= to look through, examine) ; = to ex
amine, intueri, contemplari oculis, (col)htstrare ;
to — , superintend anything, alqd curare, regfre,
moderari ; see Examine, inspection, n. 1, — a
looking on, by verbs ; 2, = watch, guardianship,
superintendence, cum (=care over anything, e.g.
the treasury, aerarii); custodia, comb, cura cut-
todiaque ; == protection, protecting care, tutcla ;
— .superintendence, — of a chairman, an officer,
praesidium ; = watch over tho public morals,
praefectura morum ; to have the — , superin-
tendence over anything, alci rei praeesse, prae-
fectum esse, idei rei pruesidcre (as chairman, e.g.
over public games, the affairs of the town) ;
to have anyone under one's — , alqm custodire.
inspector, n. custos, -adit (in. and f.), cundor
(= keeper, librarian); = one who is set over
a thing, praeses, -hits, in. and f., praefectus,
one who superintends the public morals,
ins
736
Ins
praqfectus mbribus, censor ; — of the public high-
ways, curator riarum ; = superintendent of a
certain district of a town (as regards its clean-
liness, etc.), magister vici, vicomagister (Suet.);
— of the public buildings and chief constable, |
aedills (in Koine), inspectorship, n. cus-
iodis munus, -iris, cura, prac/ectura.
inspiration, n. 1, = the inhaling of air,
apiritus, -us; 2, — — by the Holy Spirit,
instiiictus (-lis) divinvs, instiiictus divinus af-
fiatusque, inspiratio (Eccl.) ; by divine — ,
through God's command, divinitus ; 3, =
counsel, monitus, -iis, consilium (= advice,
what has been suggested) ; at anyone's — ,
see Suggestion, inspire, v.tr. = to infuse
ideas, suggerire, sub(J)icere alci alqd (= to sug-
gest) ; as theol. t.t., to — by the Holy Spirit,
inspirare ; = to warn, advise, monere alqm alqd
or mon&re alqm ut, etc. ; to — with, instil, alci
in(J)icire ; to excite, — with, instil into anyone
courage, vigour, excitare, incitare, incendere, in-
flammare ; = to delight, laetitid or gaudio per-
fundeve. inspired, adj. diviiio spiritu inflatus
or tortus, mente incitatus (in gen.); = fanatic, of
enthusiasm approaching to madness, fanaticus,
furens, furibundus. inspirer, n. see Inst-ire.
inspirit, v.tr. animum alci addci-e ; see En-
courage.
instability, n. ivconstantia ; see Incon-
stancv. instable, adj. inronstans; see In-
constant.
install, v.tr. inaugurare (under the cele-
bration of auguries), installation, n. by
inaugurare. instalment, n. prima (secuiida,
etc.) pensio, pars, portio ; to pay by — , in ante-
cessum dare; to receive, to be paid by — , in
antece8sum accipire (Sen.).
instance, I. n. 1, = request, preees, -urn,
more usually by abl. abs. (e.g. at the — of
these men, his petentibus, or his auctoiibus);
2, = example, exemplum, specimen ; for — ,
rerlii or erempli caus(tyi or groti6. II. v.tr.
Tfferre, dicfre; see Mention. instant, I.
adj. 1, = urgent, vehemens, intentus, acer, mag-
ni momenti, gravis (= serious) ; 2, = imme-
diate, praesens. II. n. punetum temporis (=
the smallest point in duration); = a moment,
as part of an hour, momentum or vestigium
temporis, momentum horae ; in an — , momento
temporis; to the — , ad tempus; not an — , ne
minimam partem temporis; in every — , omni
puncto temporis, nullo temporis puncto inter-
missn ; the, this very — , by ipse (e.g. the very
— of his departure, sua ipsa profectione. ; at
the very — , ipso tempore) ; to an — , ad tempus ;
for the — , ad tempus, temporis caus(s)d ; for the
present — , in praesens, in praesentia (opp. In
postcrum) ; = a favourable opportunity, tenu i
opportunum, temporis opjiortunitas or occasio ;
not to allow the — to pass, Unnpori or tem-
poris ocMsioni non deesse; during the last — ,
in i;>*i morte. Adv. = immediately, stutim,
confestim, prutinus, evestigio, extemplo, continuo ;
= urgently, intente, acriter, vehementer, im-
vense, etinm atque etiam, magnopere. instan-
taneous, adj. brevUsimus (= of very short
duration); = transient, fugax{= 3wift) ; sudden,
subitus (e.g. consilia) ; = present, momentary,
praesens (e.g. possibility, facultas). Adv. puncto
or momento temporis, e vestigio ; — by-and-by,
immediately, extemplo.
instate, v.tr. = to establish in a rank or
condition, by constituere; to — in an office (in
^ r.eial), munus alci mandare or assignor?, or
deferre, muneri alqm praeficere or praeponeve : to
— in any particular office, apjionere (e.g. in the
office of guardian, alqm cvstodem alrjs) ; see
Install.
instead, prep, loco or En locum atcjs or aleji
rei ; = in the place of, i ice (Plin.), in vicem or vicem
alcjs or ttlcjs rei (meant, tuam, nostram, restrain
vicem, in my, etc., stead ; — of you all, restrain
omnium vicem); pro with the abl., (= for, as
good as, in comparison with, ill proportion to) ;
1 was invited — of him, in locum ejus invitatus
sum; he had called them Quiritcs — of soldiers,
Quirites eos pro militibus appellaventt; — of, =
rather than, with the pies, part., tantum abest
ut... ut, etc. (= so far from ... he rather, sooner,
etc.) ; = not only did not . . . but, non modo non
. . . sed etiam; instead of ... he rather, udeo non,
adeo nihil . . . ut ; instead of ... he only, magls
quam (in Lat. the second clause conies first;
e.g. — of frightening him, it only brought
him into greater rage, accendevat eum vuigis
quam contcrruerat) ; — of taking to flight, omissa
j'ugd ; sometimes also by cum (e.g. — of praising
him, he reproved him, cum lav.dare deberet, eum
vitvperavit).
instep, u. pes superior.
instigate, v.tr. instigare (e.g. canes in alqm,
■= to set on, and fig.), concitave, incitare. insti-
gation, n. impulsus, -us, stimulus, instiiictus,
■lis; at your — , te auctore. instigator, n.
awcror, to?icifafo>-, impulsor, suasor, muchinator,
princeps, -ipis.
instil, v.tr. 1, = to infuse by drops, in
general, in os alcjs in(j)icere or indere or ingerere ;
instillare (by drops, e.g. milk); 2, =to till with,
alqm alqd re implcre; to — admiration, alqm ad-
miraiione imbuere, admirationem alci iu<J)icere
instinct, I. n. animal — , natura ; from
one's own — , natura duce; = natural desire,
appetitio (= the act of striving, e.g. after know-
ledge, cognition is) ; apjvtitns, -iis (= natural
feeling, especially animal); (both apjietitio and
appctitus are used by C'ic. for the Greek opn>j =
desire in general) ; a sudden impulse, impetus,
■us; = inward desire, inclination, taste, stu-
divan; sensual — , studia prava or turpia or
hum-ilia. II. adj. — with anything, alqd re im-
butus. instinctive, adj. naturalis, duce natura
sua (e.g. to do anything, J'accre alqd). Adv.
natura (duce), naturoliter.
institute, I. v.tr. = to found (e.g. a court),
condcre (lit. to put together, hence to accom-
plish the building or the establishing ol any-
thing, e.g. an empire, imperium); to — a thing",
institutive ; to — a monarchy, regnum slatuere,
regem creare (=to create a king); = to erect,
place, constituere (e.g. a monument, moKtiinro-
tum); to — friendship, concilinre amicitiam ; a
union, wedding, nuptias ; peace, )iaccm; to - —
again, re-establish, reconciliare (e.g. peace,
)>acem); to effect, facere (e.g. a treaty, alliance,
focdus, -eris, n. ; peace, pacem). II. n. sec In-
stitution, institution, n. 1, = foundation,
initium (— beginning), or veijb (e.g. after the
— of the state, post quam civitas instituta est,
or post civitatem institutam, or by abl. abs.,
civitate instituta); 2, = custom, institutum, lex,
mos, maris, m. ; 3, = society, sodetas, collegium,
sodalitas; 4, = school, ludus (Ht(t)eraniin),
schola ; see School.
instruct, v.tr. 1, ervdire (= to draw out of a
state of comparative rudeness and ignorance), in
anything, in alqd re; = to teach, alqm alqd
docere; comb, erudire atque docere, doixre atque
erudire; =to prepare anyone for a certain avo-
cation, instituere ad alq'l : or by instruere (lit. to
provide anyone with what is necessary, doetri-
nis, artitms, — to instruct in) ; to lecture, prae-
cipe™ or tradere alqd or de alqd re, tractive prae-
cepta alrjs rei ; to — anyone in elocution, alqm ad
dicendum instituere; see Okuer ; to be instructed
by anyone, diseere ab alqo;to be instructed in
iHS
m
int
anything by anyone, discere alqd (or with b>
tin.); 2, = order, alqd alci praescribere (e.g. quae
silit agenda), alci lommittere or mandare ut ; see
Order, Charge, instructed, adj. eruditus(=
brought, out of a state of ignorance, educated);
one who has received a learned, a literary educa-
tion, doctus, doctrind instructus. instruction,
n. 1, = the act of teaching, institution— — in gen.,
information), in anything, alcjs rei ; = the bring-
ing up of anyone from a state of ignorance,
eruditlo ; = education in a school, or from a
master, discipline*; — given by a teacher,
doctrina ; praeccptum ( = lesson) ; 2, = direc-
tion, praeceptio (= the act of prescribing), prae-
ceptum (= precept), praescriptum, mandatum (=
charge given to anyone, e.g. an ambassador);
his — s, alci mandare ut ; see Instruct, 2. in-
structive, adj. utilis. Adv. utiliter. in-
structor, n. magister, doctor, praeceptor, dux
(= leader).
instrument, n. 1, = tool, utensilia, -ium,
n. ( = utensils in a household, and in general) ;
;= furniture, supellex ; = vessels, culinary, — s, a
soldier's cooking apparatus, vasa, -ovum; — tools
for carrying on trade, instrumentum (collec-
tively or iu pi., e.g. agricultural, rusticum);
= some large, artificial — , machine, machina; an
iron — , fa-amentum; musical — with' strings,
fides, -ium; — hovn, comu ; = trumpet, tuba;
= pipe, tibia ; to sing to an — , ad chordarum
sonum caniare; 2, = means, minister (fig.);
to use anyone as an — for anything, alcja
operd alqd ejjicere ; 3, in law and in gen. ( = a
deed), lit(t)crae, tabulae ( = anything in writ-
ing) ; to draw up an — iu writing, lil(t)cris alqd
consiijnare. instrumental, adj. 1, = con-
tributing aid, utilis( ~ useful); convenient, com-
modus, ucvommodatus, aptus ; you were — in
hindering, per te stetit quominus, etc., or te
auctore ; to be — , ad alqd valere, alcjs operd
ejjici, alci prodesse ; 2, - pertaining to music,
— music, cantus tibiarum nervorumque or ner-
vorum et tibiarum ; — and vocal music, chonki-
rum sonitus et i-ocis cantus, vocum nervorumque
cantus, -iis. instrumentality, n. opera, minis-
terium, or by per or alcjs operd or abl. abs. (e.g.
per te or tud operd or te auctore).
insubordination, n. disciplina nulla( = no
order, discipline); = licentiousness, liccntia,
nimia liccntia, comb, intemperanlia et nimia
licentia. insubordinate, adj. nulla discip-
Undcoercitus, intempera ns, seditiosus, turbulent us,
male or parum, oboediens (obed-) or obtemperans.
Adv. seditiose, turbulente(r).
insufferable, adj. intolerabUis ; see In-
tolerable.
insufficient, adj. hand suffieiens, hand
satis (magnns, etc.), impair ( = unequal) ; see
Inadequate. Adv. liaud satis, parum. in-
sufficiency, n. inopia, imbeciilitas (= weak-
ness), angustiae, egestas, paupertas (= poverty).
insular, adj. by insula (e.g. through our —
position, eo ipso quod insulam incolimus).
insult, ~. n. injuria, injuria alci illata,
ab alqo illata, conttimelia, probrum, maledic-
tum; = disgrace, dedecus, -oris, n., ignominia,
imlignitas. II. v.tr. alci malediccre (— abuse),
contumclium alci imponere ; 'without any — , sine
ulld contwiuiid ; to be insulted, injuriam accipere
or patl; easily insulted, animus mollis ad acci-
piendam offensionem ; to feel yourself insulted,
injuriam sibi fac.Uim putare ; insulted by some-
thing, alqd in or ad conlumeliam accipere (*= to
take as an — ). insulting, adj. contumeliosus,
probrosus, maledicus, malcdicens ; — words, voces
coutumeliosae, verborum contumeliae. Adv. con-
tumcliose, maledice, per ludibrium.
2i
insuperable, adj. in(ex)stiperdbilis(\it., =i
what cannot be surmounted, of mountains), quod
superari non potest (lit. and tig.) ; invincible, in-
r ictus (of persons).
insupportable, adj. see Intolerable.
insurance, n. fides de damno resarciendo
liUerposita. insure, v.tr. and intr. damnum,
praestare, de alcfl, re cavire. ,
insurgent, adj. and n. seilitiosus, turbulen-
tus. lnsurreotion, n. rebellio, seditio, motus,
•iis, tumultus, -us. insurrectionary, adj.
seditiosus ; see Insurgent.
insusceptibility, n. by insusceptible,
adj. see Insensible.
intaet, adj. intactus; integer (= untouched),
salvus, incolumis (= unharmed).
intangible, n. quod sentire or sensibus per-
clpire noil possumus. . .
integral, adj. jxirs ad totum necessaria. in-
tegrity, n. 1, = entireness (e.g. — of the
empire), adj. regnum integrum ; 2, = ineorrupf-
ness, integritas, probitas, abstinentia , innocenlia,
sanctitas, castitas (= purity).
integument, n. (= that which naturally
covers a thing, but chiefly a term in anatomy),
cutis ( = skin or — ), teg(u)men, (in)teg(u)men-
tum, operimentum, ( = a covering, protection),
velamentum, velum ( — a covering, cloak), in-
volucrum ( = a wrapper).
intellect, n. mens, -ntis, f., ingenium,
ingenii vis, animus, cogitatio, intellcgentia, quae
pars animi rationis atque intellegentiae particeps
est; acuteness of — , ingenii' acumen or acies,
subtilitas, sagacitas. intellectual, adj. by
genit. of mens, etc. intelligence, n. 1, per-
spicacitas, sol(l)ertia ; see Intellect; 2, =news,
nuntius ; see News, intelligencer, n. == one
who sends or conveys intelligence, nuntius,
legatus ( = an ambassador); = one who giveh
notice of transactions in writing, a newspaper-
writer, journalist, diumorum scriptor. intelli-
gent, adj. mente ■praeditus ( = gifted with under-
standing) ; one who lias understanding, and
uses it, mentis compos, sanus; = wise, intellegens,
sapiens, prudens, sciens, comb, prudens et sciens,
(per)acutus, astutus, sol(l)ers ; a very — man,
7io»io ingenio prudentidque acutissimits ; to be — .
sapire. Adv. intelleg enter, sapienter, prudenter,
scienter, acute, astute, sol(l)erter. intelligible,
adj. quod facile intellegi potest ; — well explained,
explicatus ; = clear, perspicuus ; =■ plain, not
confused, planus ; — manifest, aper(iis(lit., open
to everybody, also of the speaker); = distinct,
distinctus( — well arranged, e.g. of the language,
also of the person who speaks it, e.g. utroque dis-
tinctior Cicero, Tac). Adv. perspicue, plane,
aperte, distincte, explicate.
intemperance, n. intemperanlia, immo-
deratio, impotent ia ; in drink, ebrietas. intem-
perate, adj. inlemperans, impotens, immodicus,
immoderatus ; — in drink, ebriosus, temulen-
tus ; s= angry, iracundus. Adv. intemperanter,
immodice, immoderate, iracunde.
intend, v.tr. and iutr. = to purpose, proposi-
turn habere or by proposilum est tnihi alqd (or
with inrin.); =to think of, cogiture alqd (or
with inlin.); =to look forward to a tiling, to
direct one's attention to, («>iinto) i)ifou/tTe(with
the accus. of a pron., or with ut or with intln.),
animum intenderead or in alqd; = to design, to
be trying to, id agereut, etc., alqd agitare ; he
could not do what lie intended, quod intenderut,
non efficere poterat ; = to prepare anything, para-
re; — to attempt something difficult, alorf moliri;
= to devise, alqdcomm in isci (something bad, e.g.
a fraud,./Taucte;)i); =to be about to, velle, cogiture,
int
?88
int
{it animo habere, destinare (ail with iutin. J also
-very often by using the fut., e.g. nitnaseripiurus
tuni, = I am just about to write), intense, adj.
mugnus, accr, aniens, summits, intenius; to take
— pains with, incumbcre ad or in alqd or alci rei,
or by anAmum intcndire ad alqd. Adv. valde,
magnopire, acriter, summe. intensify, v.tr.
inajorem, etc., reddere, umplijicarc, exaggeraro,
avgere ; see Increase, intensity, n. via, vis,
{., gravitas ; — of cold, rigor, intensive,
adj. = serving to give emphasis (e.g. au — par-
ticle), intentivus (e.g. intentiva adverbia, gram.).
intent, I. adj. (lit., = having the mind strained,
beut on a subject, eager, e.g. on business), studio-
sus alcjs ref, intentiis, attcntvs ad alqd or {in) alqd
re; erectus ; to be — upon, animum adulcjd, in
Mlqd or alci rei intendere, inenmbcre in or ad alqd
tT aid rei, studere aid ret. Adv. by adj. II.
11. see Intention; to all — s and purposes, om-
nino. intention, n. — . design, consilium, pro-
position, mens, animus (e.g. in animo habere, esse
■in, animo alci), institutum, sentcntia, studium,
voluntas, intentional, adj. by adv. quod
consulto or de industrid, or deditd opera fit.
inter, v.tr. sepelire ( = to bury in general ;
ulso sepelire dolorem), hwnare ( = to cover with
earth), interment, n. aeputiura, humatio;
place of — , sepulcQi)rwm ; see Bury.
interact, n. = interlude in a play, cmbolinm
(e/ifioMoi', fig., embolia amoris, Cic).
intercalary, adj. intercularis or intercal-
arius. intercalate, v.tr. intercalare.
intercede, v.intr. := to plead, {de)y,recari
pro alqo (= to — for anyone); seo Entreat,
Beq. intercession, n. deprccalio ( = pray-
ing earnestly to turn oil' some evil); at any-
one's request, alqo deprccatore (e.g. to obtain
pardon, veniam impetrare); to make — for
anyone, rogare pro alqo (so ns to obtain
something); on account of anything, alci adesse
ad alqd deprecandum ; with anyone, deprecari
alqm pro alqo, deprecatorem alci adesse aptia alqm;
alci supplicare pro alqo. intercessor,]), one
who entreats, deprccator. intercessory, adj.
by verbs ; see Intercede. .
intercept, v.tr. 1, = to seize on by the
way (e.g. a letter, a prinee), intercipirc, exci-
pire: 2, = to cut. off, interclvdlre, clrcumvenire,
qfficcrc (e.g. — the light, litminibus qfflclre); seo
interrupt, Hinder.
interchange, I. v.tr. 1, = to reciprocate
(e.g. places), by (com)mutare, (per)piutare inter
se; eeo Alternate, Exchanue. II. n. (com)-
mutatio,permutatio. viciasitndo. interchange-
able, adj. quae inter se (com)mutart possunt.
Adv. inviccm.
intercolumniatlon, n. intercolumnium.
intercommunicate, v.intr. 1, alqd com-
mv.nicare inter se or conferre inter se; see
Communicate ; 2, Of rooms; etc., commeaius, -Tis,
amtinlre.
intercourse, n. conversatio (social), nsus,
•Us (frequent) ; commerclum (commercial and in
gen.); habitual—, consuetude; ^-, Inasmuch as
parties live, reside together, convictua, -us;
family — , usus domesticus el consuetude; fami-
liar —,;««/« famUiaris, familiaritai ; I have —
with anyone, est mihi eonsuetudo cum dh/o ; to
have familiar— with anyone, ahjo familiariter
or intime uti, conjUnclissime vivere. cum ohp, usu
cum alqo conjundissimum esse ; to avoid all
with men, eongressus hominum fttgire, fugere
colloquia et coetus hominum.
interdict I. v.tr. 1, = to forbid, inlerdicere
alci alqd re, or with ne ; see Forbid ; 2, see
Excommunicate. II. n. interdictum.
interest, I. v.tr. 1, = to excite an interest,
(e.g. a book), jucundum esse (lit- = to be
pleasing); = to delight, delcctare; = to fasci-
nate, capere ( = to prepossess) ; to — anyone,
alci placcre ; = to attract delight, alqm delcc-
tare or delectatione alliccre ; s= to enlist
anyone's attention, tenere (e.g. audientium
nniinos); if it — s you to know this likewise,
si etiam hoc quacris ; 2, = to have a share*
to be concemod in ; anything — s me, alqd med
interest, alqd ad me pcrtinet ; 3, = to give a
share in ; I — anyone in anything, alci alqd
commendo (e.g. alci gloriam alcjs); I feel an —
in anything', alqd mihi curat, or cordi (but curae
cordique) est; I — myself for anyone, alci
studco, consuloj alcjs sum studiosus; to take — in,
participcm esse alcjs rei ; = to be an accom-
plice in a bad action, aff.nem esse rei (lit. = to be
related to anyone). II. n. 1, = causing in-
terest, in gen. studium; the divided — of the
hearers, deduction ill partes audientium studium :
= attraction, voluptas; = pleasantness, jitcundi-
tas ; = delight, delectatio, oblectatio ; to give an —
to a matter, volvptatem dare alci rei; 2,=
advantage ; to have an — in, by interest or
refert; the — anyone has in a thing, res or rati-
ones or cavs(s)a alcjs ; = advantage, commodum ;
boniim, usus, -us, utilitas ; = emolument, emolu-
mentirm ; the common — , res or caus(s)a com-
munis, communis omnium utilitas; in anyone's
— , ex usu alcjs; anything is in my — , alqd est
e re med; my — requires it, rationes mcac Ha
fcrunt ; it is conducive to my — , expedit mihi,
tncis- rationibus conducit ; not all have, feel the.
same — , aliis aliud capedit ; to defend any-
one's — , alcjs cau$(s)am defend^re ; to con-
sider, study anyone's — , alcjs rationibus
consulcre ; 3, usura or usurae, faenus (/''-);
— added to the capital, anatocismus; — of — ,
usurae usurarum; to lend out money on — ,
pccuiiiamf<iencrari,peciiniam dare faenore or far.-
nori , poncre in facnorc nummos ; to invest capital
at — , peenniam amid alqm occupare ; to lend
out money at high, — , peenniam grandi faenore
occupare; money lent without — , peennia
gratuita; the act of lending money on — ,'fuc-
neivtio ; the — mounts up, usurae 'multipUcan-
tur ; to return, repay an act of kindness with
— , beneficium cum iisuris reddire ; to return
kindness with — , debitum aid cumulate reddire.
interested, adj. attcntus, credits; — in, alcjs
rei studiosus {— loud of); I am — in anything,
alqd e re meCi est, mihi expedit, med, interest or
refert. interesting, adj. by auod ad se at-
trahit or illicit (of a peiBon), or by alqm tenure
(of a writer), or ny multum habHre or plenum esse
dclectationis (of a book), jucundus; see Agree-
able.
interfere, v.intr. alci rei or in alqd inter-
ced&re, admiscire, intervenire, se interponcre, or se.
immisccre; I shall not — with it, per me licet;
to — on anyone's behalf (i.o. to guarantee for
anyone), intcrcedcre pro alqo; to hinder, alqmin-
terpe.llare or prohibere or impedlre (with quominus
or quin or ne), alci ofTiccre, obesse, aid obstare
quominus or quin ; see Hlndeji. interfer-
ence, n. by verb, or by intercrssio (of the tri-
bunes).
Interim, n. tempus interjection, spaiium,
temporis intervallum, tempus quod intcrea est ;
ad — , interim ; ad tempus (— for a time); tem-
poris gratia (— for the present time) ; a decree
ad — , edictum ad tempus proposition.
interior, I. adj. interior, interims. II. n.
pars interior ; see Inner, Internal.
interjacent, adj. 1, by intcrjacere, interce-
de re ; 2, intcrjacens, interjectus.
int
m
int
interject, v.tr. interponere, inlerjieire.
Interjection, h. (in grammar) interjeetia.
interlace, v.tr. implicare ~ to intermix
(e.g. remarks), intcxfrc alqd alci rei (lig., e.g.
poetry in a discourse, versus orationi) ; see EN-
TWINE.
interlapse, I. v.intr. interjiet, inter poni.
II. n. by verb ; in the — of a year, anno circum-
acCo or praeterito, anno interjcelo, also anno post,
or post annum.
interlard, v.tr. see Mix.
interleave, v.tr. librl singulis paginis in-
ter(j)icere singidas chartas put-as.
interline, v.tr. inlerscribere^PUa. Mid.).
interlocution, n. see Conversation, in-
terlocutory, adj. ( = consisting of dialogue,
e.g. discourses), in sermone ; to mention to any-
one by way of. conversation, aid in scrmone in-
(j)Kxre (with ace. and infln'., C'ic); a thing. is
mentioned as an — remark, incidit- mentio de
alqd re.
interlude, n. see Interact. . '
intermarriage, n. connubinm. inter-
marry, v.intr. inter se matrimonio conjiuUji.
intermeddle, v.intr. se interponere alci
rei or in alqd, se admiscere or immiscere ; not
to — , abesse or se abstinere ab id^d re; you
may do as you like, I shall not—, quod voles
fades, ine nihil interpono. intermediate,
adj. medius (intermedins, ante class.).
interment, n. see Inter.
interminable, adj. infinities. Adv. in-
finite.
intermingle, v.tr. aid alqd (inter)misccrc ;
see Minole, Mix.
intermission, n. in^rmissia (e.g. of duty
officii); see Interruption, Pause, intermit'
v.tr. alqd intermitterc ; see Omit, Cease, Inter-
rupt, intermittent, adj., med. t.t. febris
■intermittens (Cels.). Adv. tempore or inter-
vallo interposito, or certis temporibus ( = at fixe/1
times, or tncertis temp. = at irregular intervals),
ahquando, nonnumquam (nonnunn-, = some-
times).
intermix, I. v.tr. see Intermingle. II.
v.intr. (com)misoeri, permiscSri, intermisceri.
intermixture, n. mislio, permistio (the act):
see Compound, Mixture.
internal, see Inner. Adv. intus, penitv.s.
international, adj. — law, jus (juris, n.)
gentium. '
internecine, adj. internecivus ; see Fatal.
internuncio, n. = messenger between two
parties, internuntius.
interpellation, n. interpellatio (Cic).
Interpolate, v.tr. = to insert, alqd aid rei
addire, inserere ; — to falsify, corrumpire. in-
terpolation, n. use verb.
interpose, I. v.tr. = to place between
(e.g. to — a body between the earth and the
sun), interponere, interjicere. II. v.intr. = to
mediate, se interponere in rem ; see Interfere
interposition, n. 1, = a placing between
(e.g. the — of the Baltic sea between, etc.), in-
terjectus, vnterpositus (both -us, only common in
abl. however), intervening, -us; better use abl.
abs. (e.g. mad ivterjecto = by the — of the sea ;
2, (m general = mediation, anything interposed)
vis, impulsus, -as {— instigation), or by auctor
(e.g by my _ me auctore) ; see Interserence ;
by divine — , influence, didnitus.
■ interpret, v.tr. 1, = to - for anyone,
interpretari; see Translate; 2, = to unfold
the meaning of anything (e.g. a dreain), ulqd
interpretari, esse intcrpretcm. alcjs rei (e.g. the
law, a dreain); con(j)iccre, alqd conjedurd expl*-
nare, conjeduram alcjs rei /acere, alqd enarrah
(= to conjecture, explain by conjecture, e.g. a
dream, a wonder, etc.) ; = to take anything that
is said, accipere (either in a good or bad sense);
= to explain, explandre ; to — in a wrong sense,
misinterpret, detonpiire in (with accus.), trahire
ad or iu (with accus., = — on purposo); to — any-
thing that is not clear, rem obscuram interpre-
tando explanarc; to get anyone (o —anything
for, de alqd re iiti inlerprete; to — anything iu
good part, alqd in bonam jxirtevi accipere or bene
interpretari; to— anything as an offence, alqd
in malam partem accipere or male interpretari ; to
— anything from anyone as haughtiness, alqd alci
tribuire. superblae, trahere alqd in superbienn ; as
an insult, as disgracing anyone, in eontumeliam
convertere; to — a thing ditTerently from what
anyone said, aliler alqdac dictum Brat accipere.
interpretation, n. interpretation expl«natio
(= explanation) ; an — by-.cpnjecture, ^conjec-
ture, hypothesis, conjeclio, conjeclura ; = critical
explanations of an author, enarratia (Quint.);
to be liable to have a bad — put upon, in malum
partem accipi. . interpretative, adj. quod
explanat. interpreter,, n.. an — of a foreign
tongue, interpret, -etis, m. and f. ; to converse
through the medium of an — , per iuterpretcm
colloqui, with anyone, cum aiqb.
interregnum, n. interregnum, interrex,
n. interrex. ,'. ,
interrogate, v.tr. and iutr. quaerere,-.ex-
quirere, requirere ex or ab alqo ; see Ask, In-
quire; = to — again and again, rogitare;
see Ask. interrogation, n. interrogatio
(= the act of interrogating, hence anything
in the form of a question), percontatio(.pcrcund-);
= the question asked, (inter)rogatum: ;' =
investigation, quaestio. interrogative, I.
adj. use verb (e.g. in an — manner, ]>crconta>uk>
(percuncl-) et intcrrogando). II. n. particulu.
interrogatiua (gram.), interrogator, n. .qui
interrogat. interrogatory, I. adj. by In-
terrooate. II. li. interrogatio.
interrupt, v.tr. inlerrumpc're(e.g. a speech,
orationem; sleep, somnum ; order, succession,
ordinem); intcrmllare (lit., to — a speaker by
speaking, by addressing the meeting; then in
general, to disturb); = to rest, cease for a
while from anything, intermittire (e.g. the
march, journey, iter; the battle, praelium) ; to
intercept, arrest suddenly, interctplrc (e.g. the
inarch, iter; a conversation, sermonemmediuni);
to — by interfering, intervenire alci rei (e.g.
a deliberation, deliberation!); = to cut short,
incidlre (lit. = to cut into, to cut away "a
piece as it were, e.g. a discourse, the conver-
sation, speech, sermoncm) ; = to speak whilst
others are speaking, alqm intcrfari ; = to cause
to cease, separate, put off, dirimerc (e.g. sermo-
ncm, praelium; both of persons and circum-
stances) ; to — by speaking against, alci obloqui ;
— noisily, alci obstrejiere. interrupted, adj.
interruptiis, interceptus, intermissun. Adv. in-
terrupte. interruption, n. interpellatio (=
ol one who speaks by others; then in gene-
ral = disturbance) ; = the act of speaking
whilst someono else speaks, interfutio; = the
act of ceasing for a while, intermissio (e.g. of
the correspondence, I it(t)eru rum or epistolarum) ;
— the interval whilst an — takes place, inter-
ccipedo (e.g. scribendi) ; without — , uno tenore,
sine ulld intermissioiie; to carry on the war with
— , per dilatioues helium gcrere. ' ,
intersect, v.tr. sccare (lit. and fig.); = to
cleave, divide, scir^lire (lit. and fig.); to' cut
int
no
int
across, thus, X, decussare (e.g. a line) ; to cut
light in the middle, medium secare ; by ditches,
fossis concidere (e.g. a Held, a piece of land).
intersection, n. sectio (the act) j the — (X)
of two lrues ttiat cross each other, decussatio,
decussis, -is, in.; = diameter, diamctro3 ; see
Diameter.
intersperse, v.tr. immisce're; in anything,
aid rei; to — poetry in a discourse, speech,
sermon, versus admiscere orationi ; see Mix.
interstice, n. rima, foramen.
intertwine, v.tr. see Entwine.
interval, n. intervallum, spatium integer-
turn (in general ; distantia, for — between two
places, distance, seldom used, as in Yitruv.) ;
— of time, tempus interjectvm ; to leave an — , a
space between, spatium relinquire or intermlttere ;
after a brief — , interjecto hand magno spatio ; in
the — , interim ; at — s, aliquando, nonnumquam
(nonnunq-).
intervene, v. intr. = to be between, interja-
cere ; =to come between, intercedere, interftuere,
interponi, \ntei~venire ; supervenire alci rei (of
persons and things, e.g. of the night, ni nox
praelio intervenisset, Liv. ; to — (of obstacles),
ob(j)ici. intervention, n. Iwterventus, -iis
(of persons and things) ; see Interference.
interview, n. congressio (= the act), con-
gressus, -iis (= the — itself, friendly" meeting) ;
an — for a stated purpose, conventus, -its ; =
conversation, collcxpiium, sermo.
interweave, v.tr. inteiere, aid rei or in
alqd re (lit. and tig.) ; see Entwine.
Intestate, n. of a person who dies without
making a will, intestatum(Cie.) or intcstato (Cic.)
decedere.
Intestine, I. adj. intestinus ; see Internal.
II. n. intestinum, usu. pi. ilia, viscera, exta (all
pi.).
intimacy, n. familiaritas. uxus(-us), famili-
oris, coiuuctudo, necessitudo. intimate, I. adj.
fiuniliaris(e.g. conversation, sermo), intimus (in-
ter), conjunctvs ; to have an — knowledge of any-
thing, alqd pen itus perspect umcoijnltumquc habere.
Adv. familiariter, intime, rnnjuncte, penitus, pror-
sus ; see Wholly. II. v.tr. signiflcare (in gen.) ;
= to Indicate, indicare (both alci alqd) ; = to in-
form anyone about a matter, docere alqm alqd, alqm
de. alqii re certiorem faccre, alqd alci nuntiare,
derlarare ; to — by words, voce significare; to
— in a roundabout way, alqd circuitu plurium
rerhorum oste-ndere ; ns a prediction, a wonder,
alqd portendtre ; to — (in a threatening manner),
denuntiare. intimation, n. significatio, nun-
tins, denuntiatio.
intimidate, v.tr. metum (limorem, terrorem,
pavorem, foiinidinem) aid in(j)icere, inenttere ;
metum (timorem, terrorem) alci afferre, inferre,
offerre ; alqm in metum compellere, con(j)icere ;
see Frighten, Terrify, intimidated, adj.
timefactus (e.g. liberty), intimidation, n.
minae = threats ; by pavorem or metum alci
incutere.
into, prep, as denoting motion towards or en-
trance, in with nceus. ; in meridiem, = south-
wards ; in Galliam, = towards Gaul ; so of time,
to, or up to, dormitt in lucrm, = he will sleep till
daybreak; in multam noctem, = deep into the
night. An adverb may be ridded, usque in senee-
tutem,= down to old age; mihi inmentemrenit,=
it occurs to mc. hi, as equivalent to into, may
signify change or conversion, as in lapidem
vtrti, = to be changed — ■ stone ; in aquum sohi, =
to lie melted — water. With verbs compounded
with preps., into is often not expressed, to go
— the city, vrbem ingrtdi.
intolerable, adj. intolerahitis, mloleraniluf,
vix tolerabilis, non ferendus (of persons ami
things, e.g. woman, cold, pain); = odious, dis-
agreeable, troublesome, odiosus (of persons and
things, e.g. you are — to me, ndiosus mihi es) ;
— disobliging, disagreeable, importunus (of per-
sons ami tilings, e.g. avarice, araritia.) Adv. in-
tolerantcr ; to ooast — , intolerantissime gloriari ;
it is — cold, intolerabile est frigus. intoler-
ance, n. animus aliorum d<; relus divinis opin-
iones hand ferens, or by some word = pride,
intolerant ia, superbia, arrcgantia. intolerant,
adj. moribus immitis (= of a harsh disposition);
= intractable, difficult to deal with, obstinate,
difficilis; = proud, superbus, alcjs rei intolerans;
in religion, erga alqos parvm indulgens.
intone, v.tr. = to sound the notes of a
musical scale, incipere.(=: to begin to sing, Virg.);
roce praeire (=to lead, of a precentor, to sound
the first note) ; to — prayers, preces canere.
intoxicate, v.tr. inebriare (lit.), ehrium
reddere. intoxicated, adj. ebrivs, temulentus.
intoxicating, adj. (potus) qui aUpn ebrium
reddit. intoxication, n. ebrietas, teviulentia ;
see Drunk.
intractable, adj. indocilis, difReilis. in-
tractability, n. by adj.
intransitive, adj. intransitivus (gram.).
intrench, v.tr. = to cut a trench, (com)-
munire (— to fortify, in gen.); = to surround
with fortifications, operibus et munitionibus sae-
pire, opiribvs munire ; =to surround with pali-
sades, vallare, obvallare, rallo or fossa saepire
(scp), or cingere, or circumdare, or munire ; alqm
locum munitionibus saerdre, enstra in alqo loco
communire. intrenchment, n. valhtm, mv-
nitio, munimentum, opera, -urn.
intrepid, adj. intrepidus; see Fearless.
Intrepidity, n. animus intrepidus or impavi-
dus OTjortis ; fortitudo; see Courage.
intricacy, n. implicatio, contortio (e.g.
orationi*); the — of the road, iter imjeditum.
intricate, adj. contortus, implicatus, inexpli-
cabilis, perplexus, tortuosus, impedilus.
intrigue, I. n. =a plot of a complicated
nature, dolus (= a trick played to do harm); a
secret — , clonilestinum consilium, art
■iorum ; =a snare, fallaria ; — a deception.
fraus, -din; ambush, insidiae. II. v.tr. /alia-
dasfabricari,(con)coquere (e.g.consilia); see Plot,
Conspire, intriguer, n. doli or fattadarum
machinator. intriguing, adj. callidus et oil
fraudem aeutus, fraudulently (= deceitful) ; =
cunning, crafty, astutus, vafer; = malicious,
knavish, malitiosus ; a crafty fellow, veterator.
intrinsic(al), adj. = real, verus, or per se,
or ipse. Adv. re vera, per se, vere ; see Real.
introduce, v.tr. lit. invehere, importare. (by
carriers, by ship, goods, etc.); to— anyone to
one, alqm introducere ad ohpn (usu. to the great,
to an audience, Curt., or to a house); to —
anyone to a person (tor making his acquaint-
ance) by letter, ahpn alci rommendare ; = to
make acquainted with someone, praesentem pnte-
senti alci commendare ; = to induct anyone to an
office, alqm inavgurare : in a tig. sense, e.g. to —
anyone as speaking, alqm loqyentem or disjni-
tantem inducer e; = to bring up (e.g. customs,
etc.), inducrre, introducere; to have been intro-
duced, v.iv- receptum esse; to — many changes,
multa mutare or nomre. introduction, n.
invectio (= importation of goods, etc.), ivdvetio
(= the act of letting go in, e.g. of nrmed soldiers,
inductio armtitorum) ; — of persons, Introdltctio
(e.g. adolescentulorum nobilinm); to give au-
to, alqm alci commendare ; an — to a book, etc.,
int
741
inv
prwmiuin, principium, exordium, praefatio
(Piiu., Quint.); say something in — to, dioere
aJqd ante rem; after n short — respecting old
aire, pauca praefttfus de senectide. introduc-
tory, adj. by v., e.g. to make — remarks, prae-
favi.
intromission, n. aditus, -us, or by verb,
intromittere.
introspect, v.tr., introspection, n. ip-
sum se inspicere; for gen. sense, see Inspect.
: trude, v.lntr. = to — on a person or
family, sc intruderc, se inferre et intrudere, se
inculcare alcjs auribus (in order that one may be
heard), intruder, n. by importunus, molestus.
intrusion, n. importunitas ; = troublesome-
ness, <r by verb, se inferre et intrudere. in-
trusive, adj. qui se infert et intrudit. Adv.
moleste, importune.
intrust, v.tr. fidei alcjs alqd committere or
pcrmittere, tradere alqd in alcjs fidem; see En-
trust.
intuition, n. poetical, philosophical — ,
anticipatio, cognitio, perceptio, comprehensio, an-
ticipate ((caT<iA7)^is). intuitive, adj. = clear,
perspicuus, dilucidus; = clearly expressed, ex-
pressus (of images) ; in philosophy use n. (e.g.
— knowledge, alqd per quandam aniini percep-
tionem cognitum). Adv. perspicue, dilucide,
{celeri) quddain animi perceptione.
intumescence, inturgescence, n. by
verbs, (UCjtumescere, extumescere (in gen.) ; tur-
gescere ; see Swell, Swelling.
inundation, n. better expressed by verb,
inundare, or by magnae aquae.
inurbanity, n. inurbanitas, rusticitas.
inure, v.tr. assuefaccre ; see Accustom.
inurn, v.tr. in urnam condere ; see Inter.
inutility, n. inutilitas.
invade, v.tr. irruptionem. or incursioncm
facere in, etc., invadere (the enemy, a town, a
harbour, etc., in alqm, in alqd; also of an evil);
alci or in alqm incurrere, bellum alci inferre; of
a large body of troops, in terram infundi or in-
fluere ; to — a country with an army, terrain,
invadere cum copiis ; the enemy's land, capiat in
fines hostium introducere, or inducere, impres-
sionem facere in fines hostium; see Attack, As-
sail, invader, n. hostis. invasion, n.
irruptio, incursio.
invalid, I. adj. in law, = having no effect,
irritus( = without legal force, opp. ratus, e.g. a
will) ; = fruitless, vanus (= vain, without effect,
of things), comb, irritus et vanus (e.g. a will); =
unfit, parum idoneus(= not suited to the purpose,
e.g. authority, witness, excuse) ; of arguments,
injirmus, nugatorius, vitiosus ; to make any-
thing — , alqd irritum facere (e.g. a will), = to
rescind, to annul, alqd rescindere (e.g. a will, a
compact, a sentence), comb, rescindere et irritum
facere or ut irritum et vanum rescindere (of a
will). II. 11. aegcr = ill ; to be a confirmed
— , tenui aut potivs nulla valetudine esse; an —
soldier, causarius. invalidate, v.tr. alqd irri-
tum facere, tollere (= to destroy), infirmare (=
to weaken), labefaetare (e.g. opinionem), rescin-
dere, refigere (of laws) ; see Abrogate, Abolish.
invalidish, adj. ad alqm morbum procli-
vior. invalidity, n. use adj. Invalid or v.
Invalidate.
invective, n. convicium, contumelia, male-
dictum, probrum, invectio (rare), verba with adj.,
e.g. acerba (•= bitter) ; maligna( = sharp), aculeata
(= stinging), mordacia ( = reproachful), criminosa
(of a speech), inveigh, v.intr. in alqm invehi,
[jicttrrcre, incessere, alqm jurgio adoriri. con-
tumeliosis verbis or verbis vihemenlioribics pro-
sequi, alqm or alqd objurgare; = to scold, alqm
i ncrepure, cast iga re.
inveigle, v.tr. sec Mislead, Seduce.
invent, v.tr. invenirc, rejwire; to —(in
the mind), excogitare ; = to contrive, hatch, com-
minlsoi (gen. something bad), invention, n. 1,
= act of — , invenlio, excogitalio, or by verb (e.g.
hamis repcrtU, = by the — of hooks) ; 2, = thing
invented, alqd iuvcnlum or repertwn; 3,= fic-
tion, commentum, fabula, mendacium (= lie).
inventive, adj. ingeniosus (= who has always
new ideas); sol(l)ers(= clover, who knows how to
make use of, how to apply new ideas to some
purpose); sharp, dezr>,acutus(= who can conceive
a thing in its depth) ; an r— person, ingenium ad
excogikmdum acutum ; the — faculty, inventio,
excogitatio. inventor, n. iuue;i/or(chiefly poet.,
or late repertor), feni. inventrix; = author, auctor,
architectus (lit. architect), comb, architeclus et
princeps ; the — s of the art of sculpture, fin-
gendi conditores. inventory, n. repertorium,
■iuventarium (Jet.).
inverse, adj. inversus, conversus. Adv.
retro, permutato ordinc. inversion, 11. con-
versio (lit., e.g. of the bladder, vesicae ; tig. = de-
struction, cversio); — of words, inversio verboruv .
invert, v.tr. = to turn into a contrary direc-
tion, (con)vertere ; = to turn round, iiuwt2rc(e.g.
the ring, anulum ; hence fig., to change entirely,
e.g. the order of the words, ordinem verborum);
to — the order of words, t ultima primis prae-
ponere ; =to alter, commutare (fig., e.g. the con-
stitution of the state, rempublicam) ; = to change
entirely, permutare (e.g. omnem reipublicae stat-
um ; — to upset completely, evert&re (fig., e.g. the
state, rempublicam); = to turn everything topsy-
turvy, omnia miscere, summa imis miscere,
omnia sursum. dcorsum vcrsare.
invest, v.tr. 1, see Clothe ; 2, = to —
with an office, magistratum alci dare, mandare,
deferre, muneri alqm praefic&re ; to — anyone
with the highest power, deferre alci sum-
mam imperii; 3, = to lend (e.g. — with a
charm), alqd alci addere, impertire, alqm alqd re
(ex)omare; see Adorn, Give; 4, of money,
peeuniam collocare, occupare, ponere, with in alqd
re or apud alqm ; 5, = to besiege, circumsederr,
obsidere, vallo or fossa cingere or circumdare ; see
Besiege, investiture, n. = the right of
giving possession of any manor, office, or bene-
fice, * ritus inaugurationU feudalis. invest-
ment, n. 1, with an office, inauguratio, or by
verb ; see Install ; 2, of money, by verb Invest ;
3, = siege, obsessio.
investigate, v.tr. exquirere, indagare, (per)-
scrutari, investigare, quaere're, cognoscere (the
last two also of judicial investigation), per-
contari (percunct-), sciscitari ; to — the true
reason of anything, veram rationem alcjs rci ex-
sequi; to — the truth, quid verum sit exquirere.
investigation, n. investigatio, indagatio, per-
contatio (percunct-) (= questioning!, inquUitio,
quaestio, cognitio; see Inquirv. investigator,
n. investigator, indagator, quaesitor (only injudi-
cial matters), inquisitor.
inveteracy, n. inveteratio. inveterate,
adj. inveteratus, confirmatus (fig., = deeply
rooted), penitus defixm (of bad habits), penituf
insilus (of opinions) ; to become — , inveterascire.
Adv. penitus.
invidious, adj. 1, = envious, invldus, in*
vidiosus, lividus, malignus, malevolus ; 2,=
exposed to envy, invidiosus, odiosus. Adv.
malignc, invidiose. invidiousness, n. 1,
invidia, malevolentia, malignitas; 2, invidiam
odium,
lnv
742
irr
.Invigorate, v.tr. corroborare (e.g. anyone
through constant work, employment, alqm as-
siduo opere) ; = to revive anyone, (con)firniare
(e.g. the body through food, corpus cibo firmare) ;
to become invigorated, se corroborare, seconjirm-
are,se recrcare, or vires reficcre(=to recruit one's
strength), invigorating, adj. apt us ad corpus
(etc.) reficiendum. invigoration, n. confir-
matio animi ; for — of the body, use verb.
invincible, adj. invictus, in(ex)superabilis,
inexpugnabilis (= impregnable, of places); quod
superari non potest (bg., e.g. obstacles, impedi-
menta). Adv. quod superari non potest.
inviolability, n. sanctitas(o( God and men,
= sanctity), caerimonw, religio(= sacredness, of
the gods and of everything consecrated to them,
e.g. tombs), inviolable, adj. inviolabilis, in-
violatus; = sacred/ holy, consecrated, sanclns,
sacrosanctvs. Adv. inviolate, inviolate, adj.
integer (of a thing remaining in its former state) ;
s? without having received any injury, unhurt,
illaesus, inviolatus, comb, integer atque inviolatus,
inteictus inviolatusque ; = entire, undamaged,
incorruptus ; s= without any accident, safe, in-
columis (opp. ." ajjlictus, vitiosns), comb, integer
incolumisque ; = safe, in safety, salvus, comb.
salvus atque incolumis.
invisibility, n. by invisible, adj. caecus
or nihil cernendus, or quern (quum, quod) cernire
et vidcre non possumu-s, quern (quam, quod) non
possumus octdis consequi ; to be — , sub oculos
non cadere ; non comparerc (= not to appear, of
persons and things); the — world, caelum,
superi; see Heaven. Adv. quod cerni own
potest. ■
invitation, n. invitatio; at your — , invi-
tutus or rocntus a te, inritatu. or vocalu tuo.
invite, v.tr. 1, (in the usual sense) invitare
ulqm ad -alqd (any invitation, of persons and
tilings) ; rocare alqm ad. alqd (the usual phrase
in inviting anyone to dinner through a slave;
then in geu. of an invitation to take part in any-
thing, e.g. ad helium, ad quietem, etc.); to —
oneself to dinner,- condicere ad ccnam, condicere
alci (the latter in gen. in the sense, I'll be
your guest) ; 2, = to allure ; to — to the plea-
sures of rural life, ad fruevdum iigrum in-
vitare; see Allure, inviting, adj. bland-
us, grotus, amnenvs, dulcis. Adv. blande, grate,
amoene, duleiter.
invocation, n. imploratio (— imploring),
tenUUio (= calling as a witness).
invoice, n. (mercium) lilxllus or index, -icis,
m. and f. ; see Account.
invoke, v.tr. invocare, implorare; to — the
Muses, invocare Musas ; to — the gods, implor-
are or invocare Deos, invocare atque obtcstari
Dens, comprecari Deos (the latter esp. = to pray
for help) ; to — anyone's assistance, implorare
fidem alcjs, invocare. subsidium alcjs, auxilium
alcjs implorare et fiagitarc; to — God as a wit-
ness,. Deum, testur.i, Dcuvi invocare testcm.
involuntary.-adj. iwAtustt coaetus (■= un-
willing and forced), non voluntarius ( = not made
to please us, e.g. death). Adv. invite, or by adj.
or haud spnnte sud. involuntariness, n.
nccessitas, or by adj. (e.g. the — of my action,
quod coo.ctus feci).
involution, n. implicatio, invohttio(yitruv.),
better by Involve, which see. Involve, v.tr.
1, = to envelop (e.g. to — one in smoke), in-
volvere; sec Envelop; 2,= to implicate, alqm alqd
re implicate, illaqneare, illigare ; to be involved
in debt, acre alieno obrutum. oppre.ssum, or de-
mersum esse ; see Implicate ; 3, — to imply, con-
tiv.-re, habere ; it is involved in the nature of the
case, rei inest alqd, ex- alqd re scquitur ; see-"
Imply, Follow.
invulnerable, adj. inmdnerdbUU (Sen.);
to be — , vulnerari non posse.
inwall, v.tr. saxo consaepire (consep-).
inward, adj. = internal, interior, interior;
see Inner. AAv. introrsvs or introrsum, intus,
intrinsccus ; bent — , incurvus.
inweave, v.tr. intexere alci rci or in alqd r*
(lit. and tig.).
inwrought, adj. by intextus; sec Weave,
Engrave.
irascible, adj. iracundus, in tram praeceps,
slomachosus, irritabilis. Adv. iracunde, irate,
stomachose. irascibility, n. iracundiu, sto-
machvs; see Irritation, ire, n. see Anoer,
Wrath, ireful, adj. see Angry.
iris. n. 1, see Rainbow ; 2, = the flag-flower,
iris (Piin.).
irks, v.tr. impers.; it — , alqm alcjs rei piget,
taedet, or with infin. ; alci molestum est, with infin.
irksome, adj. = annoying, gravis, molestus ;
= full of labour, tiring, ojxrosxis ; = hatefid,
odiosus. Adv. gravitcr.molestc, aegre. irksome-
ncss, n. taedium, molest ia; see Disagreeable.
iron, I. n. ferrum ; of — , made of — , fer-
reus ; ironed, fermtvs ; to put anyone in — -s,
alqm in vincitla. con(j)icere or mitten : we
must strike the — whilst it is hot, utendum
est animie dum S]>e calcnt, Curt. ; matura dum
libido manet (Ter.). II. adj. ferreus (both lit.
and fig.) ; an — instrument, — ware, fcrra-
mentum ; I must have a heart of — , ferreus
esscm ; oh you with your heart of — ! o tc
ferreum! III. v.tr. 1, = to smooth with an
instrument of — , ferro ad(e)facto vestes pre-
merc; 2,= chain; see Iron, n. above, iron-
master, ironmonger, n. negotiator fer-
ravins, ironmongery, n. ferramenta, -orum.
ironical, adj. alqd per ironiam sen dissimu-
lationem dictum; an — man, simulator (e.g. in*
om7ii oratione simulatorem, quern eipioya. Graeci
nominarunt, Socratem accepinvus (Cic.). Adv.
per ironiam. irony, n. iroiiia(elpu>vela, a word
which Cic. borrowed from the Greek), dissimu-
lotto (= dissimulation).
irradiate, v.tr. = to illuminate, lit. irradi-
urc (post- Aug. poets), luce sud collustrare (of the
sun, etc.), illustrare ; see Illuminate.
irrational, adj. == without reason, rationis
rxpers, brutus (esp, of animals); aniens, demens,
insatius.(-= mad), stolidus, stupidtts, stultus,fatuus
(= stupid), caccus(= mentally blind). Adv. in-
sane, stoihk, stulie. irrationality, n. by
adj. or some word = stupidity or madness (e.g.
stUltUia, stupor, slupiditas, socordia, amentia,
dementia).
irreclaimable, adj. quod cmendari non
potest. , .
irreconcilable, adj. 1, = notto he appeased,
implacabilis, inexorabilis ; 2, of propositions, (res)
inter. .se rcpugnanUs, fiofilrariaej sec Inconsis-
tent. Adv. by adj. ■■
irrecoverable, adj. irrcparabilis ; an —
loss, damnum quod nunquam resardri potest ; ir-
revocttbilis. Adv. by adj.
irrefragable, adj. certus, firmus, gravis,
ratus, confirniatus, or (argv men turn) quod refill
non potest, or quod vim affert in docendo. Adv.
by adj. or necessario, ncccssarie (rare, but found
in Cic), necessarie demonstrari.
irrefutable, adj. see Irrefragasle.
irregular, adj. enormis (Tac, of streets,
etc.), incompositns(= not well put together), irvu-
sitatus (= unusual), ifiaeipialis, innenvalrilis ( —
irr
743
ito
unequal); as gram, fet.j dnfinurtw ; of an election,
vitiosus ; — conduct, licentia, mores dissoluti or
prciri. Adv. enormiter, incomjiosite, inusitate,
inaequalitcr, inaequabiliter ; of conduct, dissolute,
prave; of an election, vitio (e.g. consules vitio
<:reati). irregularity, n.- enormUtu (Quint.),
i-iiaequalitas ; gram, t.t., anomalia ; — of con-
duct, licentia, mores dissoluti or pravi,praHtas;
in an election, vitium.
irrelevant, adj. aid rei, (ah) alqd re alienus;
it is — , nihil ad rem or ad haec.
irreligion, n. impietas erga Deum or Deos ;
= want of devotion, Dei or Deorum neglegentia
(neglig-). irreligious, adj. impitts erga Deum
or Deos, contemptor religionis. Adv. impie.
irremediable, adj. see Incurable.
irremovable, adj. immobilis ; see Immov-
able ; = that cannot be changed, immutabilis
(e.g. the tracks of the stars, sputia) ; certus,
rat us.
irreparable, adj. see Irrevocable.
irreprehensible, adj. turn, reprehendendus,
non viluperandus(= blameless) ; — as it ought to
be, probus (e.g. goods, an article ; hence also of
persons); = virtuous, good, integer, sanctus.
Adv. sanctc, probe, integre.
irreproachable, adj. see Irreprehen-
SIDLE.
irresistible, adj. cui nvlld vi resisti potest,
invictus, in(ex)superabilis. Adv. necessario or
necessarie (rare), or ita ut nullo modo resisti possit.
irresolute, adj. dubius (= doubtful) ; = un-
certain, incertus ; = changeable, mutabilis, mo-
bilis, varius, paruat stabilis, Jirmus or constans,
inconstans, haesitans, cunctans ; to be — , magna
consilii inopid affectum esse. Adv. dubitanter,
inconstanter. irresolution, n. dubitatio, haesi-
tantia, cunctatio (rout-).
irrespective, adj. by Adv. mild ratiqne
(tdcja rei) hubitd.
irresponsible, adj. mi nulla ratio reddendo.
est. irresponsibility, n. use adj.
irretrievable, adj. see Irrecoverable.
irreverence, n. impietas erga Deum or Deos,
nulla rerum divinarum reverentia. irreverent,
adj. inverecundus, parum vereciindus (— im-
modest), impius erga Deum or Deos. Adv. im-
pie ; to behave — towards anyone, reverentiam
alci non praestare.-
irrevocable, adj. irrevocabihs, irreparabilis,
immutabilis; an — loss, damnum quod nullo
modo rcsarciri potest. Adv. in perpetuum.
irrigate, v.tr. irrigare. irrigation, n.
irri'jatio, inductio aquarum. irriguous, udj.
■i irriguus, or by rigare, irrigare.
irritable, adj. irritabilis, stomachosus. ira-
cundus. Adv. stomachose, iracundc. irritate,
v.tr. 1, e.g. to — a wound, inflammare (Plin.);
2, in a fig. sense, alqm irritare, alcjs iram concl-
tare or irritare. irritation, n. ira, stomachus;
see Anger.
irruption, n. 1, e.g. of the sea, by irrum-
pire ; e.g. of the enemy, irruptio, incursio. ir-
ruptive, adj. by irrumplre.
isinglass, n. ichthyocolla (Plin.).
island, n. insula (also = the inhabitants of
the — , e.g. insulas bcllo pcrscqui, Nop.), islan-
der, n. insulanus (Cic), insulae incola; the— s,
ii qui insulam, or insulas, iucolunt. isle, n.
see Island, islet, n. parva insula.
isolate, v.tr. seccrnere, sejungcre,' separare
{— separate), isolated, adj. remotus (= dis-
tant), solus (= alone), isolation, n. solitudo.
isosceles, n. Heoscdes.
issue, I. n. 1, = the act of flowing (e.g. —
of blood), by verb; 2, = a sending out (e.g.
the — of an order, money), by verb ; 3, = the
result of a thing, exitus, -us, eventus, -«s; a good
— , successus, -its ; to know the — , scire 7110s even-
tus res sit habit ura ; thopointat. — , res dequdagi-
tur; see End, Conclusion, Decision ; 4, ^off-
spring, Jilius,fdia (= son, daughter); progenies,
stirps(t\ie latter lit. stem, in the sing. = children,
— in gen.) ; one of the later — , units e posterls
(= one of those who were later born, down from
the great-grandson, opp. units e majoribus) ; —
the descendants, progenies or progenies liberorum,
stiips or stiips liberorum (as regards the coming
generation) ; = the whole posterity, in a wide
sense, posteritas; + suboles ; male — , stlrps
viriiis,'virilis sexus slirps; to leave — ', stirpeni
relinquerc. II. v.intr. 1, = to flow out, effiitere,
emanate ; 2, = to go out, egredi, evadere ; =
to rush out (e.g. troops), erumpere (expressing
wherefrom, of buds, leaves, etc., also of soldiers
that make a sally, e.g. from the camp, ex castris);
prorumpere, prorumpi(= to rush, expressing the
direction whereto, e.g. a fountain, tire, also of
soldiers) ; = to make a sally, eruptionem farihre;
= to rush forth, procurrere (of troops rushing
forth from their position to attack the enemy) ;
= to march out hastily, prbvolare, evolare (from,
cr, etc. ; with all troops, with the whole force,
omnibus ropiis) ; = to emerge, emergeri (from,
ex, etc. ; lit. to dive forth, from under); to —
suddenly from the ambush, ex insidiis subita
eonsurgere; 3, = to proceed (as income), by
fructvxn reddcre ; 4, = to end, Jinire, terminari
(=to come to an end^ ; = to cease, desinere.
III. v.tr. 1, = to send out (e.g. money), pro-
mere (e.g. money from the treasury); to — anew
coinage, dUtribuere ; 2, — to send out, deliver
From authority (e.g. to — an order, a book),
ed&rc, priiponcrc (by placards), prtinuntiare
(by heralds, public, criers) ; to be issued,
exire, emanare; to — an order, cdkere, edictum
proponcre ; to — too severe orders, nimis severe
statucre; to — a decree, rcscribcre (of the
sovereign) ; to — a written order to anybody,
lit(t)eras dare or mittere ad alqm; 3, = to deliver
for use, to — voting papers, voting tablets,
diribcre tabellas ; one who does this, diribitor;
to — provisions, dispensare (of the dispensator,
— the manager of the house).
isthmus, n. isthmus (isthmos). ...
it, pers. pron. 1, as a demons, prou. by hie,
haec, hoc, or is, ea, id; 2, before a verb, not
rendered at all; if used emphatically, by ille,
ilia, illud, or, pointing to a third party, iste.ista,
istud, or if = self, itself, by tj>se, ipsa, ipsum, 01'
by res, ipsa res.
Italian, adj. Italicus, -Utalus. italics, n.
lit(t)crae tenulores el paullum incllnatae.
itch, I. n, 1, as a disease, scabies; to suffef
from the — , scabie laborare; 2, = sensation
caused from that disease, scabies (rare), prurigo,
pruritus, -us (Plin. ),/ormicatio (jxupM»)'"'o. = aii —
like the crawling of ants, Plin.). II. v.intr. lit.
pritrire (in geu.),/ormica>-e(Plin., as if ants were
running about on the part of the body which
itches), i-erminarc (Mart., as if the part which
itches was full of vermin).
item, I. adv. = also ; (used when something
is to be added) see Further. II. n. in an
account, — s of expenditure, rationes sump-
tuariae ; in a gen. sense, = article, jws, caput
(e.g. of a law, a treaty) ; an — in a contract,
agreement, condicio, caput ; or often res would be
sufficient ; or by adj. singuli (e.g. the —9 of
expenditure, pecuniae singula*).
ite
744
JOC
iterate, v.tr. tJerare. iteration, n. use
verb.
itinerant, n. and adj. viator, cirenmfora-
neus. itinerary, D, itineris desrrijitio.
ivory, I. u. ebor. II. adj. cbumcus, ■tehur-
■tius, eboreus.
ivy, n. hedera ; — mantled (of towers, etc.),
haberd obsiins.
J.
jabber, v.intr. blatcrare, garrire, strepere,
crepare ; see Prattle. Jabberer, n. qui blate-
rat. jabbering, n. clamor, strepitus, -us.
jock, n. 1, as term of contempt, — of all
trades, qui se ad omnia aptum esse jmtal; 2,
= boot—, instrumentum ad caligas dctrahen-
das aptum ; kitchen — , machina qud utimur
ad carncm circumagendam. jackanapes, n.
homo stolidus. jackass, n. asinus (Tit. and
rig.). Jackdaw, n. inonedula, perhaps gra-
cuius.
jacket, n. vestis or vestimentum.
jade, n. 1, =a poor horse, eabuilus; 2, of a
woman, mulier importuna, puella proterva.
jaded, adj. fatigatus, (deyessus ; see Weary.
jag, v.tr. = to cut into notches like those
of a saw, inadere (=to make incisions); see
Indent, jagged, Jaggy, adj. serratus (Plin.,
with teeth like those of a saw) ; — rocks, saxa
praempta ; see Rugged.
jail, n. furcifer ; see Gaol, Prison.
jam, I. n. fructns conditl. H. v.tr. com-
prim&rc.
jamb, n. (in architecture) postis, m.
jangle, v. see Quarrel.
Janitor, n. janitor, ottiarius ; fern, janitrix.
January, n. Januarius (mentis).
Jar, I. v.intr. 1, = to strike discordantly, or
if the jarring sound is repeated, slridere (or
stndire, = to whiz), absonum esse, dissonare, dis-
c.repare ; 2, — to disagree with, discrepare, dis-
sonum esse; see oAgree. II. n. = quarrel,
rixa, jurgium ; see Quarrel, jarring, adj.
dissonus, discors; see Discordant.
Jar, n. = a vessel, clla. (orig. avlci), cadus
(esp. for wine), dolium (=cask), series (= large
— ); nrceus (in gen.); urna (lit., =a jug for
water, then an urn for the ashes of dead
bodies, a lottery-box, a money-box, etc.) ; hydrta
(iifyu'a), iitulvs and situla (=a water-pot, also
used as a lottery-box, in this sense usu.
sitella) ; amphora (<iji<J>opeu? — a large vessel,
usually with two ears or handles, esp. used for
wine).
jargon, n. strepitus, -us, or sermo barbarus,
vt ita dicam.
jasper, I. n. iaspis. II. adj. Utspideus
(Plin.).
jaundice, n. morbus regies or arqualus
(Cels.). Jaundiced, adj. llg. Kvitlus, invidus.
jaunt, n. iter, axursio (Plin. Min.); to take
a — , excurrere (Plin. Min.).
Javelin, n. pitum, jacylum ; see Dart.
Jaw, n. 1, maxilla (Cels.) ; jaws, fauces, -ivm
(= the larynx); to tear out of the — s, eripere
e favcUnu (lit. and fig.), jaw-bone, n.
^axilla.
jealous, adj. aemulus (= rival) ; = envious,
inr.)dns, lividiu; to be — of anyone, uemulari
alci or cum alqo, invide're alci. Adv. use adj.
jealousy, n. ingen.ae»iulatfo(Cic.,Tusc); :elo-
typia (Plin., by Cic. written in Greek, £7)Ao™iri'a
= — in love).
jeer, I. v.tr. and intr. in ludibrium vertSre
(Tac.) ; the peoplo — at anything, alqd in ord
omniumprohtdibrioahiit,(lAY.); = to deride any-
thing or anyone, ludibrio sibi habere, ludijicare,
deridire; = to mock, irridcre, all withoZgm, illu-
derc alci, or in alqm ; = to cavil, a!qm cavillari.
II. n. ludificatio, cavillatio, irrisio, irrisus, -Us,
ludibrium. jeerer, n. irrisor, devisor, cavil-
lator. jeering, adj. by adv. cum irrisione. /
jejune, adj. jejunus, aridus, cxilis, siccus,
e.rsanguis. Adv. jejune, extliter, jejune et exilitcr.
jejuneness, n. jejunitas, siccitas, comb. je-
junitas et siccitas et inojria.
jeopardize, v.tr. alqd in aleam dare, alqd in
discrimen committere or vocare or adducire; alqd
discrimini committere, alqd ad ultimum discrimen
adduccre. jeopardy, n. see Danger, Adven-
ture.
jerk, I. v.tr. offen.de re alqm alqd re (e.g. capite,
cubito, ped* ant germ) ; see Hit, Beat. II. n. 1,
impetus, -us; sco Hit ; 2, see Leai\
Jerkin, n. 1, see Jacket; a bulf — , lorica;
2, vest is.
jest, I. v.intr. jocari, joco uti, joca agcre
cum alqo, joculari, cavillari. II. n. jocus, in
the plur. joca in Cic. and Sail., joci in Liv.,
= a joke, amusement, Indus, comb, ludvs et
jocus; = fun, wit, facetiae; in — , per jocum,
per ludum et 'jocum ; for — , per ridiculum, joco,
joculariter; do you mean that in earnest or
in — ? jocone an scrio hoc dicis > without — , no
— , amoto or rrmoto joco, omissis jocis, extra, jocum ;
to put a — upon anyone, a)qm ludcrr, ludi-
ficari. jester, n. qui jocatur ; = buffoou,
sevrra, saiuiio, balatro.
Jet, n. = the mineral, gagates, -ac, in. (Tllu.) ;
— black, nigerrimus.
jet, n. of water, aqua saliens or exsilicns (or
in pi.).
jetsam, n. res naufragio ejectae.
jetty, n. moles, -is.
Jew, n. Judae.us. Judaism, n. Judaismus,
rcligin Judaica, doctrina Judaica. Jewish,
adj. Judaicus, Judaeus. Jewry, n. view Ju-
daienis, rcgio Judaica.
Jewel, n. gemma ; see Gem. Jewelled, adj.
gemmevs, gemmatus. jeweller, n. qui gcvnnas
vendit or sculpit.
Jig, n. and v.tr. see Dance.
jilt, v.tr. repudiare.
jingle, I. v.intr. (as in jingling chains m-
bells), tinnire (~ to ring). II. n. or jingling,
n. tinnitus, -'«*'.
job, n. 1, = warkfiopus, -eris, u. ; 2, = a small
lucrative business or olliee, minus exiguum or
parvum; stu Work, Performance ; 3, = work
carried on unfairly, fravs, -dis, I. jobber, u,
1, = one who docs small jobs, operariita (= onf)
who assists, servant, labourer); 2 (= a stock-
jobber), urgenturius ; see Broker; 3, = one
who does anything unfairly, fivudator, circum :
tcrvptOT.
jockey, I. n. ogaso (= groom). Ii. v.tr. (=
to cheat), circumvenire (= to surround, fig. tij
take in) ; see Cheat.
jocose, jocular, adj. jocusus, jppuluris.
jocularius, ridiculus (of persons and things); =
laughable, ridendvs (of things) ; facefvs, salmis,
festivus, hilaris (hilarus = gay), ludiccr, lascirvs
(= sportive). Adv. jocose, joculariter, Jesti-re, las',
cive. hilaritcr, hi{arc t jacele, salse ; see Gav (
jog
745
jub
Merrv. jocoseness, Jocularity, jocund
ity, n. facetiae, hilarus animus et ad jocandum
promptus, hilaritas, laelitkt, alacritas, lascivia.
jog, I. v.tr. = to push off, propellere (e.g.
alqm, or the vessel with the oar, navem ranis);
impellers; see Push. II. v.intr. ( = to move
by jogs) proiuoveri, lente progredi. III. n. 1, ss
a push intended to awaken attention, in general,
ojfensio ; (= the impression from without) (im)-
pulsus, -lis; a violent — , impetus, -us ; see Push.
join, I. v.tr. lit. = to bring one thing in
contiguity with another, (con)jungere (in general);
nectere, con(n)cctere (= to connect, lit. and tig.) ;
= to uuite things so that they belong together,
comparare (all cum alqd re or alci rei) ; = to glue
together, cement, tig. = to unite closely together,
eonglutiiwre(e.g. verba); =to tie, fasten together,
colligare, copulare, comb, jungere etcopulare, con-
tinnare (lit. and tig.) ; — without a break, ad-
jungere, adi ' or aid rei; — battle, proelium
or pugnam Cvi.Mittere. II. v.intr. 1, = to be
connected with, commi/ti, continuari, (eoti)jungi,
adjungi; 2, = in partnership, etc., se (con)jun-
gere, or societatem inire OTCoire, cum alqo ; 3,= to
meet, se alci addere, alci occurrere, alcjs rei par ti-
cipem esse, joiner, n. fabcr. joint, I. n.
(in anatomy = the joining of two or more bones),
commissura (in general, also in the human
body); artu.*, -us, articulus, comb, commissnrae
et art us ; — of a plant, nodus ; in particular the
joints of the spine, vertebrae, so too 7>odns, and
comb, nodi articulique ; a — of a chain, annulus ;
(in architecture and joinery) = a binding or
tying together (in architecture), colligatio, verti-
cula (to cause motion); in joinery, coagmentum,
coagmentatio, compages, -is, compactura, junctura
(= the joining in general). II. adj. (as in —
property), communis; see Common. Adv. con-
juncte, conjunctim, una, comniuniter. joint-
heir, n. coheres, -edit, m. and f. joint-stock
company, n. societas. jointure, n. annua
{quae viduae praebentur).
joist, n. tignum transversum or transversa-
riu m.
joke, see Jest
jolly, adj. hilaris (hilarus), lascivus ; see
Merrv. jollity, n. hilaritas, lascivia.
jolt, I. v.tr. jactare, concutere, quassare ; see
Shake. II. v.intr. jaetari, coneuH, quassari; to
— against (e.g. the carriage ■ — s), by offendire
alqm, alqd(— to run accidentally against one, of
persons and tilings; hence to fall in with, meet);
ineurrere in alqm or in alqd(— to run violently
against anyone or anything, of persons and
things ; hence to tall in with anyone); illidialci
rei or in alqd, ullidi ad alqd (= to be knocked,
to dash upon anyone or against anything so as
to be hurt, of persons and things, e.g. against
the wall, parieti illidi; against the rocks, ad
scopulos ullidi); see Shake. III. n. jactatio,
quassatio, or by verb.
jostle, v.intr. alqm offendire ; see Jolt, II.
jot, I. ii. not a — , nihil, ne minimd quid em
re, nc tra inversion, unguem or digitum; not to
care a — , alqd. non Jlocci, or nihili or nauci
/ache. II. v.tr. to — down, annotare or scribere.
journal, n. 1, = diary, ephemeris, -idis, f.
(€<f>r)nepi't) ; 2, in commerce, raliones(= accounts),
codex acrepti et expensi, or, in the connexion of
the sentence, simply codex or tabulae (= a cash-
book for puttingdown income and expenditure);
= the waste book, adversaria, -orum ; 3, = news-
paper, acta, (diuma), -orum. journalist, D.
diurnnrum scriptor.
journey, I. n. iter, itineris, n. (to a place);
via{= the way, road) ; = the departure, profectio
(never in the seme of the — itself) ; = the net of
24*
travelling and the stay in foreign countries, pert,
grinatio ; = a voyage, navigatio ; to be on a — ,
in itinere esse; to make, undertake a — , iter
facerc ; into foreign countries, peregrinationes
suscipire; to aet ready for the — , onnnia quae
ad proficlscendum perlineant comixirare ; profez-
tionem or iter parare ; a march, iter (= in
gen.) ; a day's — , march (of troops), did or
unius diet iter ; — or march, prima, secunda,
tertia, quarta, quinta castra, -Oram ; — by sea,
cursus, -us, navigatio ; in speaking in the ordinary
sense of a — or voyage of so many days, the
number of days is added in the genitive case,
e.g. one day's — , diei iter or cursus, -us, or navi-
gatio ; of two days, bidui iter or cursus or navi-
gatio ; of nine days, novem dierum iter, cursus,
navigatio; to be distant one day's — , diei
itinere or cursu or navigatione abesse; two days'
— , bidui spatio or simply bidui abesse ; the
forest extends in breadth a nine days' — , latitudo
silvae patet novem dierum iter; the distance was
about a ten days' — , via dierum fere erat decern.
II. v.intr. iterfacere, conficere, progredi (= to set
out), peregrinari (= to — abroad) ; see Travel,
March.
journeyman, n. in a trade, opifex, -ids, m.
and f. (= artisan); opera (usually in pi.), mercen-
arius, operarius.
Jove, n. Jupiter, gen. Joins (as god and
planet) ; by — I mefiercle !
jovial, adj. hilaris, lascivus; see Merry.
Adv. hilariler, lascive. joviality, n. hilaritas,
lascivia; see Mirth.
joy. I. n. gaudium (= the state of the mind,
i.e. cum ralione animus movetur placidc atque con-
stanler, turn illud gaudium divitur, Cic), laetitia,
(when we show it outwardly, laetiiid gestien.-:
Cic); the sensation of — , = pleasure, voluptas;
comb, laetitia ac voluptas, = delight, delectatin,
deliciae (= the object of—; poets use also
gaudium and voluptas in this sense) ; .to gratify
anyone, gratificari alci (by a present, etc.);
you have given me great pleasure, caused me
great — , by, etc., magnum mihi gaudium attu-
listi, quod, etc. ; it gives me great pleasure, alqd
mihi gaudio, laetitiae, or voluptati est; detector
alqd re, alqd mihi in, dcliciis est; anything gives
me great pleasure, magnd laetitia, magno gaudio
meajficit alqd; alqd summae mihi voluptati est;
magnum gaudium, mag nam laetitiam voluptatem-
que capio (percipio) ex alqd re; alqd cumulum
gaudii mihi affert (used when we wish to express
a still higher degree of — , caused by something
additional); to express one's — in words, gau-
dium verbis prodere; to jump with — (in suc-
ceeding, in hearing joyous news), laetitia se
efferre, gaudio exsilire, ex(s)ultare; to be delighted
with — , laetum esse omnibus laetitiis (a phrase
which Cic. borrowed from a comedy of Cxcilius
and uses very often); on his arrival they all
received liiin with expressions of — , eum adveni-
entcm lacti omnes aecepere. II. v.intr. gavdere,
gaudio affici, gestire, ex(s)ulUire, lactiJUari ( =
to show signs of — ) ; see Rejoice, joyous,
joyful, adj. 1, = glad, laetus, hilaris or nilarvs
(= in a merry humour); libens(lub-) (=with idea-
sure) ; 2, = giving joy, laetns, laetalnlis ; gratvs
(as regards anything for which we ought to be
thankful) ; = pleasing, jucuivlus, dulcis; = wel-
come, exoptatus. Adv. laete, hilaritrr, hilare,
libenter (lul>-1, jnainde. joyless, adj. maestus ;
see Sad. joyousnessjoyfulness, n.seeJor.
jubilant, adj. = rejoicing, by laelitid or
gaudio cx(s)i</tarc, laetitia or alacritate gestiens;
ex(s)ultans et gestiens; see Exult, jubilee,
n. = a season of great public joy and festivity,
festi dies lactissimi; the — year, annus qui est
qninqnagesimus or centesimvs post rem gestam.
jud
Judge, I. H. 1, judex, -'ins, in. (for the exact
meaning of the term judex see Smith, "Diet, of
Antiquities," art. Judex), assessor; inCic. often
qui judical or qui judicium exereet or qui estjudi-
caturus (when he is about to — ) ; = arbitrator,
arbiter; ==dc\e^nte,ffciiperdlbr'; — oTthe circuit,
giK»Mt/or(lit. of criminal offences); = a mediator,
umpire, dixtptator (fern, disceptalrix) ; to bring
anything before the — , alqd ad judicem deferre ;
verdict, sentence of the — , court, judicis sen-
tentia, judicium; a decree of a — , edictum ; an in-
junction, inter dictum; to appeal to the — , ad
judieem confugere; belonging. to 'the office of a
— , judicialis'; 2, in gen. judex,' aestimator, ex-
istimalor, comb. exisiimator'etjudex,'ecnsor (censor
castigatorque); see Critic' Il.v.inti-. judicare,
about anything, alqd, about anyone, de alqo (also
in a. judicial sense), faccre judicium, about any-
thing, alcjs rei or de alqd re, about anyone, de alqo;
= to think, cxistimare (= to have an opinion),
about anything, alqd or de alqa re, about any-
body, de alqo ; = to think well, have a good or
bad opinion of anyone, hene or male, cxistimare de
alqo ; =to give a formal judgment, a decision, esp.
in the Senate, crnsfre. III. v.tr. (= to hear and
determine a case), judicare <ie alqn, judicium edere
in alqm; to — between, d> judicare (e.g. vera et
falsa, or vera a falsis). judgment, n. = the
process of examining facts in court, judicium;
to administer justice, give — , jus dicire, agcrc ;
as a faculty of the m\wl, judicium, sapient ia,
prudent ia ; to show — , judicium habere; see
Understanding, Wisdom; ^determination, ftrM-
trium, decretum ( = decree), sententia (= opinion);
the opinion which anyone forms after having
first inquired into the value of anything, esti-
mation, existimatio ; the public opinion, existi-
matio vulgi (Caes.) ; to give one's — , sentcntiam
dicire (of the author, senator, judge) ; in my — ,
men judicio, quantum ego judico, (ex or de) men
sententia, ut mihi quidem videtur ; — seat, tri-
bunal, judicium ; to bring anything before the
— , alqd (e.g. alcjs factum) in judicium rocare
(Cic); see also Opinion, judicature, n.
jttrisdictio, jurisdietionis potestas ; to be subject
to anyone's — , sub alcjs jws et jurisdictionrm
subjunctum esse; it comes under my — , juris-
dictio mea est, hoc meum est, hvjvs rei poteslas penes
•me-esx. judicial, adj. 1, judicialis; = belonging
to the judge, judicarius ; = what belongs to
the forum, forensis (e.g. contentiones) ; a —
opinion, sententia; a — decree, edictum; in-
junction, -Interdictum (of anything prohibited by
the praetor, until the cause was tried); to
demand a — inquiry against anyone, judicium
■jxistulare i'?i alqm, judicrs pctcre in alqm ; 2,
fig, (e.g. a — habit of mind), aequus; see Im-
partial ; 3, sent by Heaven (e.g. — blindness),
a Deo or divtyiius missa (caecitas, etc.). Adv.
jure, lege (e.g. to proceed — against any-
one, lege agire cum alqo, jure or lege experin
cumclqo). Judiciary, adj. judiciariiis. judi-
cious, adj. sagax, maximis consiliis, sapiens,
prudens(= sagacious). Adv. sagacitcr, sapienter,
prudenter, aequo animo. judiciousness, n.
sagaoitas, prudenlia, sapientia, aequanimitas (i.e.
without bias), consilium.
Jug, n. urceus, urceolus (= little — ), hirnea,
hirmda (= little — ), amphora (large, with two
handles, esp. for wine); see Jar.
juggle, I. v.intr. 1, in the lit. sense, praesti-
giasagcre; 2, see Deceive. II. n. 1, = trick
by legerdemain, praestigiae ; 2, deception, decep-
<io(the act), error (= mistake) ; = fallacy, treacli-
ery, fnllacia ; = simulation, simubitio', dissimu-
late (the former = pretending what one is not,
the latter = pretending not to be what one
really is). Jugglery, juggling, n. = artifice,
nrs, artifldnm, dolus. Juggler, n. 1, lit. prat-
'46
JUS
stigialor (in gen.), f. praestigiatrix, circulator or
planus (= a conjuror who travels about, the
former exhibiting snakes) ; 2, see Deceiver.
jugular, adj. — vein, * vena jugularis.
Juice* -n.- sucus (also fig. = energy., e.g. in
speech); = poison, rims, n. ; the -<- of the
grape, slid uvae (in gen.), melligo urae (when
still unripe), juicy, adj. vuci j>/wuis, sveosus
(= full of juice) ; siicidus ( = with juice in).
jujube, n. 1, zizyphus (= the tree), zizyphum
(= the fruit); 2, =a medicine .which meits in
the month, ecligma (all three Plin.).
July, n. Julius Sinensis) ; in the times of the
Republic, Quinctilis (mensis).
jumble, I.- v.tr. (pcr)miscc'Te ; to make a
regular -f-, omnia miscere, omnia miscfre et iiir-
bare; see .Confound. II. v.intr. (per)misceri .
III. n. mistura (lit. and tig., e.g. of virtues and
vices, mistura ritiorum et rirtutum, Suet.); =
mixture of different kinds of com, farrago (also
of the contents of a book, nostri lihclli, Juv.) ; —
of words, sartago ; = conflux of different things.
coUuvies, collurio (e.g. exercitus mixius ex colln-
vione omnium gentium, colluvies ilia nationum);
varietas(e.g. sermonum opinionumqnc); generally
by misccre (e.g. bona mixta malis).
jump, I. v.intr. lit. satire; = to exercise
oneself in jumping, saliendo seexercere; to — up,
exsUire; with joy, e.r(s)ultare ga.udio, exsilire ; to
— upon or into, insilire in alqd; to — from a
wearied horse upon a fresh one, erfesso in rceen-
tern cquum transultare; to — over anything,
transilire alqd ; to — down from, dcsilire ex, etc.
! (from the horse, cr cquo). II. n. = leap, saltus,
' -its. jumper, n. qui salit.
junction, n. conjunctio, junctio. junc-
ture, n. status, -lis; — of affairs, tempora, -urn ;
happv — , tempo rum fellcitas.
June, n. (mensis) Junius.
jungle, n. silva.
junior, adj. and n. juni or or minor aelate;
the — , (natu) minor.
juniper, n. juniperus, f.
junk, n. 1, = pieces of old cable, by funis,
-is, m. ; see Cable, Rope ; 2, = Chinese vessel,
11 a v is serica.
junket, n. placenta (= cake), cnp(p)edia,
•orum, or cup(p)ediae (ante and post class.
= dainties), junkctting.ii. iter, -iniris, vo-
luptalis cous(syl susceplum.
Juridical, adj. see Judicial, juriscon-
sult, n. juris peritus, juris or jure consultus
(both also written ns one word), juris sciens, in
jure pmdens. jurisdiction, n. see Judica-
ture, jurisprudence, n. juris civilis pru-
denlia ; anyone's knowledge iii — , juris civilis
scieniia. jurist, n. see Jurisconsult, juror,
n. as judge, judex (sclectits) (selected in Rome
from the senators, knights, i.e. equites, and the
tribuni aerarii). jury, n. judices, -um, or con-
silium (e.g. judicnm).
just, I.adj. = upright, JHsfiis (e.g. judge, com-
plaint, fears, punishment, etc.), aequus (= equit-
able, reasonable, of persons), legitimvs( = lawful,
of things) ; to have — claims upon a thing,
alqd jure sua (or rede) 2><istulare ; meritus (= de-
served). II. adv. 1, = exactly, diligenter (e.g.
I can't — tell, /i«?ic rem turn ita diligenter.
teneo); 2, in reference to a particular moment,
commodnm, commode; (colloquial) — now, ((!ii-
tum qnod (tantum quod eum(quum), — when) ; —
now, this moment, for the present, in vraesen-
tia; only — lately, modo, proximo (e.g. the piece
which he had written — lately, fahula quarn
proxinu scripserpt) ; also by the adj. recens (with
jus
747
kee
db or ex and ablat. , or simply by the local ablat.) ;
to have only — arrived from the province, the
country, e provinvid reeente.ni esse; the people
that had only — come from Rome, homines Romd
recentes ; = accidentally, forte, forte fortund (e.g.
the king was — here, rex' forte aderat) ; 3, in
comparison, — as, aeque, perinde, jxiriter, simi-
liter, item (or idem, eadem, idem, in reference to
subject and object), itidem,juxta, cbdem or pari
modo( = — in the same manner) ; to speak — -in
the same manner, in tandem sententidm dispu-
tare ; to love anyone — as much, aeque amare
alqm ; to be — aa old and as popular, pari esse
aetate et gratid ; — as well . . . as, aeque . . .
ac (atque, et, lit), perinde , . . ac (atque, vt, quasi) ;
proinde . . . ac (quasi), similiter . . . ac (atque, et,
ut), item . . . vt (uti, qvernadmodum, quasi),
it idem . . . et (quasi), juxta . . . ac (atque, quasi,
cum [with the ablat. of the persons to whom we
compare anyone]) ; non secus . . . ac ; Ut . . . ita,
'non. minus . . . quam (the latter if there is no
negation connected with it), talis. . . qvalis, is
with qui following (if — as . . . as, = — the same
... as, — such a one ... as) ; — as if, aeque
(pariter, perinde), ac si ; similiter, vt si or ac si ;
juxta ac si; — aa well ... as, tarn . . . quam,
item . . . ut ; — as well ... as anyone else, tarn
. . . quam qui maxime, also ita, vt cvm maxime;
not ... — as little, non . . . non magis, non . . .
nihilo 2)lus (or non plus), — as little ... as, «o/t
magis . . . quam (= no more . . . than) ; non plus
. . . quam; nee . . . nee, or neque . . . neque {nee
inferendo injuriam, nee patiendo) ; — as much . . .
as, non magis . . . quam (i.e. no less . . . than),
non nimis . . . quam; — as great, large, tantus-
dem, idem (e.g. eadem impudent ia) ; — as much,
tanlidem, tantundem(. . . as, quantum, as regards
the quality), tot-idem (. . . aa, atque, ac, or the
correlative quot, as regards the quantity) ; — as
many vessels, totidem naves, par navium Hu-
merus ; — as far, pari spatio ; — that one, the
same, idem, hie idem, hie is, idem hie, iilem Me,
idem iste (if the subject has already been men-
tioned before, = likewise the same) ; by solus
(e.g. capiti solo ex aqua exstant, only — their
In out from the water) ; 4, to express em-
phasis, imprimis, or as two words (in primis),
potissimum,maxime.,praese.rtim,praeeipue; = eer-
tainly, quidem (enclit.) ; = indeed, vtique, sane;
— now, modo, jam cum maxime ; — now, of what
has long been desired, vixdum, vix tandem ; —
at that time, turn cum maxime, eo maxime tem-
pore ; — then, then — , turn maxime;. not — ,
not exactly, hand ita, non ita (e.g. s-unt ea [simu-
lacra] praeclara, sed non ita antiqua), also simply
hand, or non, parum (= not so very) ; as not ex-
actly, but, etc. , immo vero; — that which, id quod ;
exactly, quidem ; but that is — exactly what is
considered wicked, at id quidem nefas habetur;
with the superlative -by quisque,'— exactly the
best, optimus quisquc : but — , nunc denique ; in
answers, — so, inquam, ita plane or 2'rortus ;
sometimes expressed by sub with accus. (e.g.
sub lucem, — before daybreak). Adv. juste, jure,
legitime, merito. justice, n. jus/if ta( = the virtue
itself, and the love of — ) ; = equity, equitability,
aequitas (especially as a quality inherent in a per-
son or tiling) ; = right, law, jus (= that which is
considered right) ;. — requires that, etc., aequum
est (with accus. and infin.) ; to exercise — , jus-
titiam exercere or colere ; to see — done to any-
one, alei jus dare or redden (in court); ea quae
aid debentur tribuere (in gen., in daily life, to
' give anyone what is due to him) ; in — , jure.
justiciary, n. perhaps praetor vrbanvs ; see
Judge, justifiable, adj. Justus ; = lawful,
legitimiis, comb. Justus et legitimvs : see Lawful ;
in more gen. sense, alqd recte ac. jure factum ; see
Excusable. Adv. rccte ac jure, justifica-
tion, n. 1, purgatio, excusatio, satisfuctio; to
accept anyone's — , excusationem or satisfactionem
accijiire ; for his or her — , sui purgandi caus(s)d ;
2, Theol. t.t. * justificatio. justify, v.tr. 1,
iu the ordinary sense, alqm or alqd purgare (=
to prove one's innocence) ; =» to excuse, alqm or
alqd excusare (e.g. that anything was not done on
purpose, that anything was .neglected '. through
other engagements, or through an oversight, or
through ignorance, etc.) ; = to free from guilt,
alqm culpd liberare ; to — anyone on account of,
alqm purgare de alqd re (seldom ahjs rei), culpam
alcjs rei demovere ab alqo ; to — oneself, se pur-
gare, se excusare ; to — oneself before anyone, se
purgare aid '•; sufficiently, salisfacire aid; to —
one's conduct before anyone, facti sui rationem
aid probate ; 2, Theol. t.t. * justificare. . .
jut, v.intr. — out, exstare, eminere, jyrominere ;
of peninsulas and other portions of land, ex-
evrrere.
juvenile, adj. puerilis, or by the genit. pueri
or puerorvm, adolcscentis or adolescentivm,
juvenilis, juvenility, n. see Youth.
juxtaposition, n, by verbs (e.g. quod una
positum est).
K.
kale, n. crambe, -es, f.
kalendar, u. fasti, ephemeris, -idis, f . \ ,
keel, n. carina (in poetry — the whole
ship).
keen, adj. = sharp (lit. and fig.) acer, acerlus
(— poignant) ; s= acute, aevtus, aslulus (ofUm in
bad sense), subtilis, perspicax, sagax, argutus
(= sagacious or witty). Adv. acriter, acerbe,
acute, astute, subtiliter, sagaciter, argute ; to feel
a sorrow — , summo dolore affid. keenness, n.
accrbitas (in such phrases as the — of winter,
better use adj.), astutia, subtililas, sagacitas, jier<
S})icacitas ; — of wit, argutiae.
keep, I. v.tr. servare, custodire, tenere, co>i»
tiiih -e, habere (= to have) ; to — house, i.e., to re-
main in it, domi (re)manere ; to — one's bed, ia
lecto esse, lecto teneri ; to — a position, locum tenere;
= to store up, condere ; = to preserve, conservare;
= to support (animals), olere ; ss to observe, ten-
ere, servare, observare ; to — faith, fidem servare or
■praestare, or exsolvere ; to — a secret, alqd ocadtum
tenere; to — apart, distinere ; to ■ — back, aa: to
retain, retinire; I generally — it in this way,
ita facers soleo, sic est metis mos. II. v.intr.
conHneri (of a dam), firmvm esse (of a door);
frangi -non posse(of what cannot be broken open,
e.g. a door), non rumpi (of what cannot burst, e.g.
a vessel), matters, non evanescere (of things that
will — their colour) ; to — to a thing, retinere
alqd (justitiam, officium); always to — r in the
path of duty and honour, officii et exist imaliotiis
rationem setnper ducire; who ^s to, upholds a
thing, retinens alcjs rei (e.g. sui juris dignitatis-
que); to — in a certain track, tenere alqm. locum,-
cursum tenere alqo; to — down, rcprimere, com-
primers; to — in, claiidSre, inclvdire, coucludere,
contincre, cohibcre ; to — off, arcere, defendere,
prohibere, propiilsare; to — from, (se) abstinere ;
to — up, co n terra re, tuerl ; to — up with, sub-
sequi. III. n. arx. keeper, n. custos, cura-
tor, keeping, n. enstodia (= custody), tutela
(= protection), to be in — , convenire, congrueref
see Aoree. keepsake, n. donnm, or more
accurately defined, memoriae i-aus(s)d datum or
accejitum.
keg
.748
kna
keg, n. dolinm (of earthenware), Ugneum vas
circuits vinctum (of wood (Plin.)).
ken, 11. conspectus, -us.
kennel, n. 1, a house for dogs, stabulum
miiis or cannm ; tugurivm canis (for a watch-
dog, etc.); 2, = a pack of hounds, canes; 3,
= a water-course of a street, emissarium (for
the water), =a drain, cloaca.
kerb, n. crepldo, better defined by viae or
itineris.
kerchief, n. see Handkerchief, Neckkf.r-
CHIF.F.
kernel, n. 1, of fruits, nucleus (lar;;f ir
small); 2, in a tig. sense, medulla {= marrow);
= tlie blossom, flos, ftoris, m. (of a flower, youth,
nobility) ; = the select portions, rabur, -oris, n.,
robora (e.g. of Italy, of the Roman people, of
the troops, the foot-soldiers, etc.); that, was the
real — of the army, hoc erat robur exercitus, id
roboris in exercitu erat.
kettle, n. a(h)cnnm, cortina (for cooking and
dyeing); le.bes, -His, m. kettle-drum, n.
tympanum.
key, n. 1, Claris, -is, f. ; 2, fig- janna (rare,
e.g. nrbsjanua Asine); 3, of a musical instru-
ment, * cairn's.
kick, I. v.intr. and tr. caldCrare, calces re-
mittere, adcibus caedere ; a horse that — s, cqvus
calcitro. II. n. pedis or calcis ictus, -us ; to
give anyone a — , alqm pede or calce percutere.
kid, n. hatdus, haedulus.
kidnap, v.tr. see Steal, kidnapper,
n. plagiarius.
kidney, n. rencs, renvm, m. kidney-
bean, n. phaselns, m. and f.
kill, v.tr. occidere (e.g. ferro, veneno, but
generally of an honourable death), caedire (= to
fell, especially in battle, in a fight ; if of several,
also alqrm caedes facire) ; interficere (= to cause
anyone's death, to murder, also in general like
occidere, but implying a design and the act of
destroying), conjiclrc ( = to put to the sword, in
case of resistance), nccare (in a cruel manner and
■Wilfully, implying cruelty and want of feeling),
enecare (stronger than nccare); interimcre, e
medio tollere (= to get rid, especially of an
adversary) ; vitam adimere aid, vitd or luce
ohpn privareQn general = to deprive of life), aid
vim affcrre (= to lay hands on), trncidare (= to
murder), jvgulare (= to cut the throat), obtrun-
care (= to attack anyone and assassinate
him); percutere (with the sword, axe, stick, etc.,
generally with theabl. of the instrument where-
by a person is killed, e.g. gladio, hence secttri
percutere, the. proper term to express the net of
executing one) ; to — oneself, se interficere, se
occidere, se. interimcre, mortem or necem sibi con-
sriscfre, mortem or vim sibi inferre, vim nffrrre
ritae ruae, mauns sibi affcrre or in/em, seipsum
vitd privare ; to — the time, lioras or tempns
perdire ; to — (of beasts), caedire (cattle), jugtt-
lare, mactare (only = to slay victims, never
= to butcher), trucidare (also of slaughter of
men).
kiln, n. firrnax, -ads, f. ; a lime- — , farvax
ealcaria ; see Stove, Oven.
kimbo, ii. (i.e. n — ); see Crooked, Curve.
kin, n. see Relation, Relative, kind,
I. n. genus, -iris, n., species (= the single
species of the genus); moilus (esp. in gen. ejus-
dem modi, etc.); forma (= characteristic form,
feature, e.g. orationis, eloqventiae, dicendi,
loquendi, etc.) ; in logic, species, forma, pars,
•fis, f. (opp. genus); of the same — , ejnsdem
generis, congener; to arrange everything accord-
ing to its — , singula generation disponire; Theo-
critus is wonderful in his — of poetry, admitu-
bilis in suo genere Theocritus ; very often by
quidam or quasi (e.g. for slaves the house is a
— of republic, and they are all citizens in it,
servis re$pid)lica quasi civitas domus est ; to make
a — of will, quasi testamentum facire) ; every —
of, omne genus (with the gen., e.g. herbarum
radicumque), or simply by ontnes (e.g. every —
of danger, omttia pericula). II. adj. benignns
(in character and in actions) ; = charitable,
bencficus; = benevolent, benerolus ; = amiable,
facilis, humonus ; = friendly, amicus ; = indul-
gent, indulgens; = liberal, libcralis ; = obliging,
comis; = gentle, mild, clcmens; = well, favourably
disposed, propitius (of the gods); you are too
good I very — ! benigne ! benigne ! also recte !
no, thank you (when we decline taking more
at table, thanking for any act of kindness),
fads amice! Adv. ?mi?'<7?ie, liberaliter, comb.
benigne ac liberaliter, comiter, clement er, indul-
genter (e.g. to treat, deal with anyone — , ulqm
habere), amice, humane. kindness, II. 1, =
kindliness, benignitas, benerolentia, comiteis,
humanitas, liberalitas ( = generosity), dementia,
indulgentia,fadlitas{= affability): 2,= a benefit,
benefidum ; see Favour, kindred, n. see
Relation, Relative, kinsman, n. see Rela-
tive.
kindle, I. v.tr. 1, accendere, infiammare
(= both to make light and to burn); incend-
ere, inflommare et incendere, succende.re (from
below), aid rei igncm in(j)icere, injerre (= to
throw lire in), aid rei ignem sub(j)icere, subdere
(= to put fire under anything) ; 2, fig. accendere,
incendere, t succendere, infiammare, conflare, ex-
citare, incitarc ; see Excite. II. v.intr. 1, (ex)-
ardescire ; 2, fig. = to glow with, ardere, flagrare.
king, n. rex, regis, m. ; = a prince of a small
territory, regulus ; the — of — s, rex rcgum ; to
be — , regent esse, regnum obtinerc,regiam potes-
tatem habere; to make oneself into a — ■, to
occupy, usurp the throne, regnum occupare,
regium ornatum nomemqtie. sumire (of one who
had been before governor of a province, etc.) ;
I shall be as happy as a — , V, etc., rex ero, si,
etc. kingcraft, n. arsregendi. kingdom,
n. regnum. kingfisher, n. (h)alccdo, later
form '(h)alcyon. kingly, adj. regius, rcgalis.
kingship', n. regia .potestas, regnum.
kiss, I. v.tr. edqm osculari, svaviari, basi-
are ; to — a stranger, osadis alqm excipcre ; to —
each other, osculari inter se ; — Attica from me,
Attieac meae meis verbis suavium des ; to throw
a — to anyone, manum a facie jacere; in the
plural, oscula jactre, basia jactare. II. n. osculum
(lit., = a little mouth, used as a nobler expres-
sion), svavium(= a tender — upon the. mouth or
cheek), basium (= a loud — ) ; to give anyone
a — , osculum or suavivm or basium aid dare ;
osculum aid ferre or offerre, basium or suavium
aid imprimere ; to steal a — , suavium alci «w-
ripcre.
kitchen, I. n. 1, = place for cooking, culiria ;
2, = the dishes themselves, cena (coeii-); to
keep a good — , lante cenitare. II. adj. culi-
narins ; — materials, res culinaria (in gen.);
vegetable, olus, -cris, n., or in the plur. olera,
■urn. kitchen-garden, n. hortus olitorius
(Jet.).
kitten, I. n. catulus felinus. II. v.intr.
feles parere.
knapsack, n. pera (= bag), mantica (= port-
manteau), sardna (= baggage of soldiers).
knave, n. (tri)furcifer, veterator (colloquial
terms), homo nequam or sceleratus ; see Rogue.
knavery, n. vegvitia, malitia, fraus, dolus,
kne
749
kno
Improbilas ; see Deception. knavish, adj.
nequam(= worthless), mulitiosus (= crafty), per-
jidus ( = treacherous) ; fraudulentus (= fraud u-
lent, deceitful), lascu-us ( = full of tricks). Adv.
perjide, malitiose, fraudulenter.
knead, v.tr. (con)depsere, subigerc.
knee, n. genu ; to bend the — , genuaflectere,
or curvare (ill general); to fall upon one's — s,
(in genu) procumbent (unintentionally, or from
admiration, or out of respect, or as suppliant) ;
to fall upon one's — s before anyone, alci procum-
bcre, ad genua (dcjs procumbere, ad genua alci or
genibus alcjs accidere, prosternire se et svpplicare
alci (= to prostrate oneseli). knee-deep,
adj. genibus touts, knee-pan, n. patdla
(Cels.). kneel, v.intr. genibus niti ; to —
down (in genu) procumbere ; see Knee.
knell, n. campana funcbris.
knife, n. cidler ; a small — , culteUits.
knight, n. eipies, -itis, m. knighthood,
n. ordo equester (= the whole order; ; dignitas
equestris, locus equester (= the rank), knight-
ly, adj. equester; = worthy of a knight, equite
dignus.
knit, v.tr. acitbus texire; fig., see Tie,
Unite ; to — the brow, frontem contrahere or
adduccre.
knob, n. bulla (of a door, etc.) ; nodus
(in plants), knobbed, knobly, adj. t no-
dosus.
knock, I. v.tr. and intr. alqd pulsare (e.g.
fores, ostium); to — with the fist, pulsare, tund-
ere, see Beat, Kill ; to — against, alqd ad or
in alqd offcndere (e.g. pedem in saxuia); to —
down, sternire ; — ed up, fatigatus (through a
combat l, fessus i through suffering, e.g. illness,
poverty, etc.); = fit to sink, de/atigatus, defessus,
lassus, lassitudinc conjectus ( = worn out). II. n.
pulsatio (e.g. forium); there is a — against the
door, pulsantur fores, knocker, n. by cir-
'■.uniloc. (e.g. hs raised the — .fores pulsavit), or
tintinnabulum ( = bell), knock-kneed, adj.
varus.
knot, I. n. nodus(in gen.),articulus (— joint),
= a tie, nodus, vinculum; = difficulty, nodus, dijji-
cultas; = a group of people, cireulus; to make a
— , nodum facere, nectere; to draw the — , nodurn
a(d)stringere ; to loosen the — , nodum solv-
ere, expcdire ilit. and fig.). II. v.tr. nodare,
nectere ; see Tie. knotty, adj. 1, nodosus, gen-
iculatus ; 2, fig. dijicilis, spinosus (= thorny); a
— point, nodus.
know, v.tr. scire, novisse (= to have learnt to
know); — to have a knowledge of, alcjs rei scien-
tiam habere, alqd cognitum habere ; = to have had
a good knowledge of, experience in a matter,
"»io/i nescire, noil ignorare, alcjs rei non ignarum
esse ; didicisse (= to have learnt) ; I — , = a thing
does not escape me, me non fugit or non prae-
terit ; = to comprehend, tenere, intellegcre, cog-
noxcire(=to experience, learn); I don't — , nescio,
hand scio, ignoro, me fugit, me praeterit ; not to
— that the dictator had arrived, ignorare venisse
ilictatorem ; I don't — where to turn, to whom
to apply, nescio quo me converlam ; I don't —
what to say, nescio or turn habeo or nihil habeo,
quod dicam ; I don't — who, nescio quis ; I read
I don't — what, legi nescio quid; I don't —
whether ... (a modest assertion), haud scio an,
etc., nescio an, etc. (e.g. I don't — whether this
road is the shorter of the two, hand scio an or
nescio an haec via brevior sit\; you must — , scito
(not sci), scitote (not scite); do you — ? do you
— perhaps? scin? scisne? nostin' ? as far as I
— , quod scio, quantum scio, quod sciam; I should
Jike to — (in questions, the answer to w&ich
would create surprise), mirer, miror unde sit;
to — for certain, certo and certe scire, pro
cerlo scire, certum habere, pro certo habire, explor-
ation or cognitum habere, certum est mihi alqd
and de alqd re, exploratum or notum txjiloratum-
que mihi est alqd and dc alqd re, cogniluvi com-
pertumque mihi est alqd, certis auctoribus comper-
isse (on good authority); let me — , fox me
certiorem, fac ut sciam; I wished you to — , id
lescirc volui; to get to — , avdire (= to hear), ac-
cij»~rc(= to receive intelligence), comperire( = to
understand), disccrc(=to learn); he knew how to
maintain his dignity, auetoritatem svam bene iue-
batur ; = to have a clear idea about anything,
novisse, cognovissc, cognitum habere (in gen.),
alcjs rei notitiam habire or tenere (= to have a
conception of a thing), didicisse (through having
learut, opp. ignorare), vidisse (through outward
perception), tenere( — to Y[o\d),intellegere(intellig-)
alqm or alqd (with regard to a thing, = to under-
stand its peculiar features ; with regard to
persons, to undei-stand their motives, etc.); = to
learn to — , noscire, cognoscere :csp. through ex-
perienee\ discere(by study, inquiry, fiavVaveiv) ;
percipere (= to obtain a char perception) ; = to
get a taste of anything, degustare (lig., = logeta
knowledge of anything, e.g. ingenium alcjs); to
— anyone, noscerc or nouisse alqm, opp. igno-
rare ; = to become most intimately acquainted
with a thing, alqd familiaritcr nosse (novisse);
they — each other perfectly well, erant notis-
simi inter se; to — oneself thoroughly, penitus
ipsum se nosse ; to — a person by sight, alqm de
facie nosse; not to — anyone, alqm non nosse,
alqs mihi est ignotus, alqm ignorare (seldom);
= to recognise, cognoscere; in order that nobody
might — me, lie quis me cognosceret ; agnoscere
ex alqd re (e.g. anyone by his works, alqm ex
operibus suis), noscitare alqd re (e.g. anyone by
tha. voice, voce; by his countenance, forte).
knowable. adj. insignia, by anything, alqd
re(e.g. armis), consnicuus alqd re(= conspicuous,
e.g. armis) ; to make a thing — by, alqd insign-
ire alqd re (e.g. notd); to make anything — ,
intelligible by words, alqd explanarc. know-
ing, I. n. = Knowledge. II. adj. sciens, pru-
dens, comb, sciens ac prudens (with regard to the
person who does 3 thing, opp inscie.ns), quod
consulto et cogitalum jit, quod de industrial jit (= on
purpose); = clever, callidus, versutus, astutus.
Adv. consulto (= with consideration, calmly) ; de
industrid (= on purpose); to sin wilfully, — ,
scientcm peccare (opp. inscientem peccare) ; I have
done it — , sciens or sciens prudensque feci, con-
sulto or de industrid feci, knowledge, n.
scientia, notitia, cognitio (in a subjective sense) ;
in an objective sense, = a branch of learning,
an) = art), doctrina,disciplina; sciences, litera-
ture, doctrinae, disciplinae, disciplinae studio,
■orum; to inform anyone, bring anything to
his — , alqm certiorem facere alcjs rei or de alqd
re, doccre alqm alqd or de alqd re (= to teach),
erudire alqm de alqd re( = toinstruct), comb, alqm
erudire atque doccre; to gain — about a thing,
cognoscere de alqd re; to have anything brought
to one's — , certiorem fieri de alqd re, doceri alqd;
the — of anything spreads to, reaches, ouditur
alqd ; to have no — of, alqd : :nnrare ; = a clear
perception, notitia alcjs rei , .. id idejs rei(= the
idea which we have of anything, e.g. the — of
God, notitia or notio Dei) ; = the knowing about
anything, scientia ulcjs rei ; = the act of having
got into a thing witli the understanding, cognitio
or intellegeniia (intellig-) alcjs rei; — about the
past, memoria praeteritorum ; about the future,
prudentia futurorum ; to have only a superficial
— of, in, alqd primoribus labris or leviter atti-
gisse, primis labris gustasse; to have scarcely
a superficial -*■ of, alqd re ne imbutum quidevi
knu
750
Ian
esse; if I possess any — in it, si in me est huiusce
■ rei ratio alqa ; void of — , rerun! rudis or igitarus
(in gen.); illiterate, lit(t)erarum expers, non
~lit(t)eratus, illit{t)eratus ; with regard to the
fine arts and sciences, libeialiumarlium nescius ;
= quite illiterate, omnium rerun rudis (in gun.),
omnis eruditionis expert, knOWQ, adj. notus;
it is — , constat, ccrtum est, with accus. and
infin. ; to make — , declarure; see Publish.
Knuckle, n. arlkulus (digiti).
L.
label, I. n. scheda(sc(hyida)=: strip of papyrus
bark, leaf of paper ; tessera(= a square, a square
piece of stone or wood); pittacium (late, — on
necks of bottles, etc.). II. v.tr. pittacium
uffigire or titulum inscribere.
labial, n. = hitter pronounced by the lips,
*litera labialis (only as t.t.).
laborious, adj. laboriosus, opcrosus, indus-
trius,(gynavu$, diligens, sedulus ; to be« — , magni
esse laboris, taboriosum esse. Adv. luboriose,
-operose, Industrie, (g)naviter, sedulo, diligenter.
labour, I. n. 1, labor, opus, -eris, n.,' opera,
occupatio, pensmt(= task); moles,-is, f.(esp.poet.,
but also in prose, e.g. haud magna mole, = with-
out great — ) ; to undertake a — , laborcm suscipcre;
to weardown with — , alqm labore eonficere ; to pay
by — , pecuniam debitam. ope-d sua (com)pensare;
learned— s,studia; —by night, lucubmtio;— sat
spare time, operue subsicivae : without — , free from
— , otiosus ; 2, in childbirth, partus, -us (= bring-
ing forth), t nisus, -its (nixus). II. v.intr. 1, = to
be active, laborare ; — in study, studcre lit(t)cris ;
— on or at anything^ elaborare in re or in alqd
or tit, operant dare alci rei, incumbcre in or ad cdqd,
or aid rei; to be employed in — , in opere esse,
laborem subire; — day and night, opus continu-
are diem et noctem; — for pay, operant suam
locare; 2, =to be troubled, laborare ; — under,
alqd re laborare (of trouble)'; — under a delu-
sion, deeipi ; 3,' =■ to strive, (e)niti ; see Stkivk ;
4, of childbirth, 1 parturire. laboured, ailj..
nitidius alqd el afiectaiius (Quint.), nimis exquis-
itvs. labourer, n. qui opus facit, operarius,
opera; — for pay, a hireling, mercenarius; —
in a vineyard, vinitor ; to engage — s, condu-
cere operas ; skilled — s, artifices, laboratory,
n. locus cameratus ubi metallorunt cxperimenta
ag-untur.
labyrinth, n. labyrinlhus (of the Cretan
— ) ; tig. difficultates sv.rn.mae, res inexplicabiles ; to
fall into a — , in summm difficultates incurrere ;
to be in a — , in summis difficultatibus esse
or versa ri. labyrinthine, adj. \labyrintheus,
.inexplkabilis.
lace, I. n. 1, texta reticulata, -orum ; 2,
of a boot, U(n)gula (Juv. = shoe-latchet). II.
v.tr. nectere; see Tie.
lacerate, v.tr. locerare, t dilacerare, laniare
(fig., e.g. the heart, acerbissimo dolore ufficere
alcjs animum). laceration, u. laceratio, lani-
atus, -us.
lachrymose, adj. = breaking into tsars,
lacrimabundus ; = full of tears, lacrimosus
(lac(h)rti-) (e.g. oculi or lumina, voces); — causing
tears, lacrimosus^
lack, X. n. = not having, defect io (esp. defectio
virium, — of strength), inopia (= — of means),
pe.ttu.ria. (= — of necessaries). II. v.tr. re car ere,
t£gSre,,indigZre, incpid rei laborare or premi, alqd
aid deesse, abessc, deficcre; — nothing, nihil decsse
alci. lack-a-day! interj. ah! o! proh ! gene-
rally with accus., also without exclamation, e.g.
me miserum .' lack-lustre, adj. decolor.
lackey, n. pedissequus, famulus.
laconic, adj. 1, Laconicus = Spartan ; 2, =
brief, brcvis. Adv. brevitcr, paucis (verbis).
lacquer, I. n. lacca. II. v.tr. laced alqd
obduiv.re. (not class.).
lacteal, adj. t lactcv.s.
lad, n. puer.
ladder, n. scalae ; the step of a — , scalarum.
g rod us, -us.
lade, v.tr. = to load, onerare; — anyone,
onus alci imponire. laden, adj. onustus, oner-
atus, gravis, + gravidus ; — with debt, acre
alieno obrutus; — with business, occupations
bus distentus. lading, n. onus, -eris, n.
ladle, I. n. = large spoon, cochlear (cochlear-
ium. or cocJtleare, Plin.); trulla (= small — ), cya-
thus. II, v.tr. haurire.
lady, n. flomina,hera,matrona,materfamilias
(= lady of the house), lady-like, adj. hones-
tus x quod matrond dignum est. ladyship, n.
domina. lady's - maid, n. famula, t orna-
trix.
lag, v.intr. contort (cunct-), cessare, -nwrari.
lagging, u. mora, contatio. laggard, n.
cessulor, contator.
lagoon, n. lacuna.
laio, lay, adj. *laicus. laity, n. '-loici
(Eccl. t.t.). layman, n. *laicus.
lair, u. lutibulum, cubilc; see Den.
laird, n. dominus, possessor.
lamb, I. n. agnvs, agna ; a small — , lanib-
lrin, agvellus; of a — , agninvs ; — -like,
placidior agno ; as meat (earo) agnina. II. v.tr.
agn um edere or pirocreare.
lambent, adj. use f lambere (e.g. flamma
quae lambit alqd.). '
lame, I. adj. claudus, mancus (= short of .1
limb), delrilis (= feeble) ; to be — of a wound,
vulnere debilitatum esse ; to be — ,'claudum esse,
claudicare ; — in speech, si quid in oratione
■claudicat ; — in -one foot, altera vede claudum
esse ; a — excuse, excusatio rami. II. v.tr. alqm
clavdvm reddcre. Adv. by adj. or v. (e.g. to
walk — , claudicare). lameness, n. claudi-
catio.
lament, I. n. or lamentation, lammtnm
(usu. in pi.), lamentatio (= act of— ),fletus, -us(-
weeping), gemitus, -its (= groaning), eomploratio,
{com)ploratus, -lis, ejulatus, ejulatio (the latter
rare = wailing), quiritaiio (rare), qvestvs, -its, que-
rimonia, querela (= complaint), nenia (= dir^c),
plangor (= beating of the breast, loud — ). II.
v.tr. alqd lomentari, defilre, (con)queri, + flcre,
deplorarc (~ — bitterly), complora re (rare), t plo-
rare. III. v.intr. lennentari, flere, (de)plorarc,
ejulare, (con)queri. lamentable, adj. deflendus,
+ lamentabilis, flebilis, miserandus, miserabilis.
Adv. mieerandvmb in modum, miserobiliter, fie-
biliter. lamented, adj. past part, of v. or
d'vus (of the dead, Tac).
lamp, a. lucema, lychnus. lamp black,
n. fuligo.
lampoon, I. n. libellus famosus (Suet.),
famosvm carmen or famosi versus, -us, pi. II.
v.tr. libellum ad infamiam alcjs edere.
lance, I. n. lancea, hasta; to break a —
with, hastd pugnarc' cum alqo ; fig. certare, con-
tendere cum alqo. II. v.tr. tned.t.t inctdcrc
lancer, n. eques hastatue. lancet, n. (or little
lauce), scalpellum(scalpellu3); .
Ian
751
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• land, I, n. 1, opp. to the sea, terra, UMus,
•uris,f.; to gain the — , terrain capi.ru ; to quit — ,
(navem) solvere; to sail along — , oram legerc ; 2,
a fruit-bearing country, ager, fundus, soCum,
terra; a cultivated — , field,' drown,;- to culti-
vate — , agrum colere ; relating to the culture of
— , (tgrarius ; 3, — a particular part of the earth,
terra, regio, provincia, ager, pagus, civitas,
patria ; in the — of the Etruscans, in Etrus-
corumfinibus ; to drive out of the — , atom civi-
tate pcllere, in exsilium pcllere, agere alqm; of
what — ? cujas; out of our — , nostras; the law
of the — , lex {publico). II. adj. terrestris, tcr-
renus, pedester (e.g. pugm pedestris, — battle).
III. v.mtr. e nave or navem egredi, e nave evadere
or exire. IV. v.tr. alqos or alqd enave or
in terram exponere; to — a fish, piscem caperc,
landed, adj. — property, agrum, possessio (usu.
in pi.) ; — proprietor, agrorwm, possessor, land-
ing, n. e(x)scensio, egressus, -us, litoris appvl-
sus, -us; to make a — , navi exire; to forbid
anyone a — , alqm navi egredi prohibere ; a —
place, aditus, -is. landlord, n. agrorum
possessor (= proprietor), caupo (— "mine host").
landmark, n. lapis, -idis, in. landscape,
n. regio, terra; in painting, regio in, tabuld picta.
landslip, u. terrae lapsus, -us.
lane, n. angiportum (or -us, -us), = narrow
street ; country lane, via,
language, n. 1, = the faculty of speech, vox,
oralio, lingua ; 2, =theactand manner of speak-
ing, vox, lingua, oralio, dictio ; the — of common
life, sermo cot(t)idianus (quot-); — of polite life,
sermo urbanus ; to speak a — , alqd lingud uti or
loqui.
languid, adj. lo.nguidus, languens, rcmissus,
lassus (= weary), fessus (= worn out), defessus (=
worn down) ; to be — , languere ; tig. iners (=
inactive), frigidus, languidus (of style). Adv.
Inn guide, languidness or languor, n.
languor, languish, v.intr. languere, langucs-
cere; =to pine away, tabescire ; — in prison, in
cnrcere vitam miserrimum trahere.
lank, lanky, adj. prolixus, procerus (=
tall), gracilis, tenuis (= thin), lankness, n.
proceritas, gracilitas, tenuitas.
' lantern, n. laterna (lanterna).
lap, I. n. 1, gremium (= bosom), sinus, -its
'(properly = a fold of the gown) ; 2, of a
racecourse, spatium. II. v.tr. l,=to lick up,
ligur(r)ire, lingerc; 2, =: to touch (as waves),
Inmbere. lap-dog, n. catcllus. lappet, 11.
htcinia.
lapidary, u. scalptor.
lapse, I. u. 1, lapsus, -us (= a gliding or
fall); 2, flg. lapsus, -lis, error, peccatum; 3, =
flight, expiry, t fuga; after the — of a year,
interjecto anno. II. v.intr. 1, labi, defiuere ;
2, errare (= to go wrong) ; 3, of property, cad-
vcum fieri, reverti (ad dominum).
larboard, adj. laevus ; see Left.
larceny, n. furtum ; to commit — , furtum
facere.
lard, I. n. adeps, -ipis, m. and f., lar(i)dum.
II. v.tr. alqd adipe ad coquendum parare.
larder, n. armarium promptuarium, cella pen-
arte, camarium (for keeping meat, Plaut.).
large, adj. 1, = of great size or bulk, magnus,
grandis, amplus; a — assembly, celeber conven-
ts, -Us; 2, — of heart .(= liberal), largus (e.g.
argus homo, largus animo or promissis). Adv.
magnopere, large, large-hearted, adj. 1,
^~ magnanimous, viagnanimus ; 2, = generous,
Jiberaiis, benignus, benevolus. large-hearted-
ness, n. 1, nmgnanimitas ; 2, tiberalitas,
Vitignitas, cincvdentia. largeness, n. I,
magnitude, amplitiuto, proceritas (= tallnuss),
altitudo (= in height), ambitus, -us (= in girth),
spatium (= iu surface); 2, fig. see Large-
heaktedness. largess, n. largitio, congiar-
iuin (of corn, oil, or money).
lark, n. alauda.
larynx, n. guttur, -iiris, n.
lascivious, adj. lascivus (= playful), im>
purus, impudicus, libidinosus. Adv: parum
cask, impudice. lasciviousness, n. lascivia
(= playfulness), impudicitia, libido.
lash, I. n. 1, = a whip,;fa0ru?n, lorum(usn. in
l>\.),jiagellum, scutica(= light—); 2, = a blow or
stroke, verber, -iris, n. (huic- homini parata erunt
verbera); — of the tongue, verbera linguae; —
of fortune, verbera fortunae. II. v.tr. 1, fiagel-
lare, verberare, virgd or virgU caedere; 2, = to
bind, alligare, colligare; see Bind, Fasten.
lashing, u. verbcralio.
lassitude, n. lassitudo, languor, (detfatigatio.
last, n. of a shoemaker, forma ; let the shoe-
maker stick to his — , ne ultra cxepidam sutor.
last, I. adj. tdtimus, extremus, postremtis,
proximus, summus (= the highest), novissimus
(= latest) ; when used of two, posterior, supe-
rior ; to the — , ad ultimunv. il. n. by extre-
mus (e.g. the — of the letter, epistula extrema) ;
at — , (turn) demum, dr.iaque, ad extremum
or postremum. III. v.intr. durare, (per)man-
ere, stare, longum or diuturnum esse, last-
ing, adj. firmus, solidus, duralurus, stabiUs,
diuturnus, (pcr)mansurus, perennis; not — , fra-
gilis (= frail), caducus(— falling), fiuxus. lastly,
adv. postremo, postremum, ad extremum, denique,
quod superest or restat or extremum est, novissimo
(esp. in Quint.). ■
latch, n. pessulus (= bolt), latchet, n.
corrigia.
late, adj. 1, terus; I went away — , serus
abii ; too — repentance, sera paenilenlia ; tardtut
(= slow), serotinus (= — coming or growing,
e.g. Hems, pira;jmlli) ; the — , defunctus, =
mortuus, dints (of an emperor) ; — in the day,
inulto die; — at night, multd nocte, or by neut.
serum, used as u. (e.g. serum erat diet', it was —
in the day) ; 2, = recent, recens, nomts, inferior
(e.g. of a — age, inferioris aetatis). Adv. nuper,
modo. lateness, n. use adj.
latent, adj. occullus, abditus, absconditus,
reconditus.
lateral, adj. lateralis (ante and post class.), a
latere. Adv. a latere.
lath, n. (ijscr, -eris, ul, asserculus.
lathe, n. tomus ; to work at the — , tornarc.
lather, n. spuma e sapone facta.
Latin, adj. Latinus ; the — tongue, lalinitas,
oratio or lingua Latina, sermo Latinus ; to translate
into — , alqd Latine reddere ; to know — , Latine
scire, linguam Latinam calibre ; to be ignorant of
— , Latitie nescire. latinlty, n. lalinitas.
latitude, n. 1, = breadth, lalitudo ; in — , in
latitudinem ; flg. —of speech, latiiudo verborum;
2,= liberty, licentia; to have great — , latepattre.
latter, adj. posterior ; the former, the — , hio
. . . ille. Adv. see Latecy.
lattice, n. cancelli, claihri.
laud, I. n. laus. IL v.tr. alqm laudarc,
extoUere; see Peaise. laudable, adj. lauda-
bills, laudatus, lauda dlpnus. Adv. lauddbUiter,
lauddbiliinmodo. laudatory, adj. honorificus.
laugh, laughing, or laughter, I. n.
risus, -Us; immoderate —> l cachinnatio ; ahorse
■n-, cachinnus ; a. -*• at, irrisus, -us, dtrisus, -us ;
a. — fo score, derisys ; a- — -stock, l%dibrium :
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752
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to be a — stock, esse alci ludibrio. II. v.intr.
ridere; to — at, arridcre (= to smile upon in a
friendly way, e.g. non alloqui arnicas, vix notis
familiariter arridtre) ; alqm deride re, irridere; —
to Imrst into — , cachinnare, cachinvari. laugh-
able, adj. ridiculus, ridendus. Adv. ridicule.
laughter, n. see Laugh, I.
launch, v.tr. 1, navem deducere ; 2,= to hurl,
torquere ; to — out, in aequor efferri; to — out
in praise of, alqm ejferre laudibus.
laundress, n. mulier quae Untea lacat.
laundry, n. aedificium quo Untea lavantur. ■
laurel, n. lourus (-iand-ils), f. ; belonging to
— , laitreit s; fig.gloria, laus, hcnos(= honour) ; de-
corated with — , laurcatus ; to strive for — s,
gloriac cupidum esse ; to win new — s in war, glo-
riam bello auqere, laurelled, adj. laurcatus.
lava, n. vuissc ardens, saxa liqiiefacta, pi.
lave, v.tr. lavare (= to wash), abluere (= to
wash olf), irrigarc. lavatory, n. ba!(i)neum
(= bath), laver, n. aqualis, in. and f. (ante
class.), pclris (Plin.).
lavish, I. adj. prodigus (e.g. aeris), profusus
(e.g. profusissima largitio), in largitione effusus ;
a — giver, largitor. Adv. large, prodige, effuse,
profuse. II. v.tr. profundire, effiindere, largiri.
lavishness, n. effusio (= prodigality), Inrgi-
tas, munificentia ; see Libekality.
law, n. lex, regula(= arule), norma (= a stand-
ard) ; body of — s, jus (e.g. jus civile, = civil
— ); a — , lex, edictum, institutum; lex is also
used in a wider sense, as is our " law," e.g. versi-
bus est certalex, hanc ad legem formanda est oratio
(= to or by this model); a divine — , fas ; a —
of nature, lex naturae, lawbreaker, n. legis
violator, lawful, adj. legitimus (= according
to — ); legalis (Quint.) (e.g. ^v;rs civitatis,
vita, = conformable to — ). Adv. legitime, leae,
per leges, lawfulness, n. use adj. law-
giver, l). see Legislator, lawless, adj.
effrenalus. Adv. effrenate, licenter, contra legem,
praelerjus. lawlessness, n. (effrcnata) licen-
tia. lawsuit, d. lis, litis, f., controvsrsia-.
lawyer, D. jurisconsullus, jwris j>eritvs ; see
Advocate.
lawn, D. 1, = fine linen, sindon ; see Linen ;
2, = grass plat, pratulvm or nerbn (= grass).
lax, adj. 1, = loose, laxus, ftuxus ; 2, med.
t.t. solutus, liquidus (e.g. alius liquid/:, — bowels,
Cels.) ; 3, fig. (dis)solutus, remissus, laxus, neg-
legens (neglig-). Adv. fig. (dis)solute, remisse, laxe,
neglegenter (neglig-). laxness, laxity, n. negle-
gentia (neglig-, — carelessness) ; — of spirit, re-
missio animi ac dissolutio, or adj.
lay, adj. see Laic.
lay, n. see Sono.
lay, v.tr. 1, = to place, )wncre, (cnl)locare ; 2,
fig. — the foundations, fundamenta jactre ; — an
ambush, insidiari, insidias collorare, faccre,
ponh-e, struere, parare, tendtre aid; — siege,
obsidcre ; — a wager, sponsinnc provocare or laces-
sirej — a plan, consilium or raHone.m inire or
cape re ; — hands on, manus aid inferre; —
waste, vostare : S, — — eggs, (ova) parere ; —
aside, ab(j)ice>e, (se)ponire; — before, alqd
alci proponire; — oneself open to, alqd in
se admittere: — down, = to put down, (de>
ponire :. — down an office, magistrate abiri,
se ah'Hcare; — down arms, ab armis discedhr. ;
— down a proposition, senientiam dicere, alqd
affirmare, confirmnre ; see State ; — nut money,
sceSPEST); — outacorpse, mortuum lnmre(= to
wash), alci omnia justa solvere would include the
laying out ; — up, condire, reponere ; see
Store ; — commands, blame, etc., upon, see
Command, Blame, etc. layer, p. 1, in build-
ing, etc., corium (of lime, etc.) ordo (= row);
2, of a plant, propago.
lazar, n. see Leper.
lazy, adj. piyer, ignauus, segnis, iners, otiusus
(= having leisure). Adv. pigre, ignave, segnitcr,
otiose, laziness, n. ignavia, segnitia, pigritia.
lead, I. v.tr. 1, ducrre, ugere ; — an army, ex-
ercitum ducere, crercitui praces$e(= to command);
— the way, al«i pracire(= to go before) ; 2, fig. =
to pass, — a life, vitam agf.re ; = to induce, alqm ad
alqd faciendum or at alqd facial, adducere ; in bad
sense, induccre ; see Persuade ; 3, with omission
of object, e.g. the road — s, via fert ; the matter
— s to, etc., res spectat; see Tend; — away,
abducere, seducire; — into, inducere ; — out,
educere; — a colony, coloniam deducere. II.
n. or leadership, ductus, -us ; under your
— , te duce. leader, n. dux, duels, in. (lit.
and tig.), auctor, princeps, -ids, m. and f. (fig.).
leading, adj. princtps, primaries (of men),
summits (of men and things) ; see Ci: :f. lead-
ing-strings, n. alci obtempcrare (tanquam
puer).
lead, n. plumbum ; of — ,plumbeus. leaden,
adj. plumbeus.
leaf, n. of a tree, folium, frons ; a — of paper,
scheda (sc(h)ida), jxigina, churta ; of metal, wood,
etc., bractea, lamina. leaflets, adj. foliis
carens or nudatus. leafy, adj. +frondosus,
t frondeus, ifrondifer.
league, I. n. foedus, -eris, n. (= treaty), pac-
tum^ agreement), socittas(= alliance or union).
II. v.tr. foedus cum alqo inire.
league, n. tria mi l(l)ia passu urn.
leak, n. rima; to spring a — , rimas agere.
leakage, n. rima. leaky, adj. rimosus,
rlmarum pleivus; ships that have become — ,
quassatae naves.
lean, I. adj. maccr (opp. pinguis), macilentus
(ante and post class.) ; strigosns (of horses, etc.) ;
see Thin. II. v.intr. niti ; — on, (in)niti; in-
haer?re (= to adhere to), pendere (= to h;uig
from), confugere or sese conferre ad alcjs praesidia
(= to seek support with), fuloirl re (= to deperid
on or be supported by), ad alqd acclinare (= to
■— towards), se applicare, in alqd or alci rei in-
cumbere ; to — backward, se reclinare ; to — to
(iD opinion), sententiae favere. leaning, adj.
— on, innixus ; — towards, i acclinis ; — back-
wards, t reclinis ; — against or on, incumbens.
leanness, n. macies.
leap, I. n. saltus, -us; to take a — , so.lire ; by
— s, per saltus, saltuatim. II. v.intr. salire; —
back, resilire ; — down, desilire ; — forward, pro-
silire ; — for joy, gestire, ex[s)u!tare ; — on horse-
back, in equum insilire ; — over, tran{s)silire.
leaping, n. saltus, -us. leapfrog, n. (jmeri)
alius alium transitu, leap-year, n. annus
iiitercalaris, annus bisextus (late).
learn, v.tr. 1, discere, ediscere (by heart),
memoriae mandare(= to commit to memory), per-
discere (thoroughly) ; word for word, ad verbum
ediscere ; — something more, addiscere ; 2, =
to hear, discere, cognosclre (esp. by inquiry), cer-
tiortm fieri, audii-c. learned, adj. doctns,
a udUu$, lit(t)exatus. Adv. docte, erudite, Ulcer-
ate, learner, n. discipulus. learning, n.
doctrina, eruditio.
lease, I. n. conductio. II. v.tr., to hire on
— , conducere ; to let on — , locare.
leash, n. lorum (= a strip of leather); —
of hounds, tret ronw.
least, I. adj. minimus; see Little. 11^
adv. minimi' ; at — , saltern, certe, (at)tamen ; not
in the — , nihil gmnino, ne minimum quidem. ' l
lea
763
let
leather, I. n. corium (= the hide) ; aluta
(tanned). II. adj. scorteus.
leave, n. concessio (= yielding), pcrmissio
(= permission), potestas (= authority), copla (=
allowiinue', -venia (= favour), arbitrium (•— free-
do »i ofa<;tion); to give — , potestatem alci facere ;
with your — , -pace, tud ; against — , me invito ;
— to say, sit venia verbo ; I have — , mihi licet ;
through you, per te; give nie — to clear myself,
sine me expurgenu
leave, I. n. = departure, by verb, to take — ,
salvere ulipn jubere; see Farewell. II. v.tr.
1, := to desert, abandon, {de)relinquire, deserere,
dcAituire; 2, — property, relinquere, legate;
see Bequeath ; 3,= to depai-t from, (ex) alqo loco
(ex)cedere, discedere, proficisci, egredi, digtedi ;
— a province on expiration of office, (de or ex)
procinciddecedere; — behind, relinquere; — off,
(dqd omittcre, desinere with infill., desistcre cdqd
re or infin. ; — out, omittcre, praetermittcte.
leavings, u. quae reliqua sunt.
leaven, I. n. fermentum; bread without
— , or unleavened, panis nullo fermento or
sine ferme.nto coctus. II. v.tr. fermentare ; panis
fermentatus, = leavened bread (Plin.).
lecture, I. n. schola (= disputation), oratio
(= address), sermo (= speech). II. v.tr. 1,
scholum habere de alqd re; 2, rig. see Reprove.
lecturer, n. qui scholas habet. lecture-
room, n. schola,
ledge, n. projectura; — of rocks, dorsum.,
ledger, n. codex accepti el expensi.
lee, n. (of a ship), navis latus a vento
tul it m.
leech, n. 1, see Doctor ; 2, = blood-
sucker, hirudo, sanguisuga (Plin.).
leek, n. porrum and porrus (of two kinds,
one called capitatum the other sectivum, also
sectilis).
leer, v.intr. oculis limis intueri, limis oculis
a(d)spiclre or limis (oculis) spec-tare, leering,
adj. limvs. Adv. limis oculis.
lees, d. faex (= dregs of wine ; so faex
populi).
leet, d. as in court-leet, curia.
left, adj. rel(l)iquus; to be — , restate; see
Leave.
left, adj. sinister, laevus ; the — hand, sinis-
tra (i.e., maiius) ; on the — , a sinistra, ad laevam.
left-handed, adj. qui manu sinisttd pro
dextrd utitur.
leg, n. crus, cruris, n. ; — of mutton, caro
ovilla; — of a table, pes mensae. leggings,
n. ocreae.
legacy, n. legcdum; to make a—, alci legate
alqd.
legal, adj. legitimus, quod ex lege or legibus
or secundum leges fit. Adv. legitime, lege.
legality, n. quod ex lege fit. legalize,
v.tr. legions coustituere, sancire ut,fcrrc, ut alqd
fiat (= to propose a law).
legate, n. legatus, nuntius. legation, n.
legatio.
legend, n. on coin, insctiptio, titulus; =
history of a saint, vita hominis sancti, res ab
homine sancto gesta ; — fable, fabula. legen-
ds "y> au J- eommenticius, fictus, fabulosus, films
(= untrue).
legerdemain, n. ors praestigiutoria; —
tricks, ptaestigiae (ante and post class.).
legible, adj. quod facile leg i potest. Adv. by
legibility, n. quod facile legi potest.
legion, n. legio ; legionary, legionarim
(e.g. cohors, miles); fig. ingens numerus, magna
vis. legionary, adj. legionatius.
legislate, v.intr. leges date, constitute, con-
dire, sctibere ; see also Law. legislation, n.
legis (legum) datio, legis latio( = proposal of a
law) ; so by circuml. leges date, leges condete ; see
Law. legislator, n. legis or legum lalor.
legislative, adj. — body, senatus, -is. legis-
lature, n. comitia, -or urn (cent-utiata, tributa,
etc.), senatus, -us.
leisure, n. otium (opp. negotium, that Is,
nee and otium); to be ut — , otiari, vacare,
cessare; at — , otiosus, vacuus; not at — , occu-
patus ; — time, tempus subsicivus (subsec-\
leisurely, adj. lentus, otiosus; see Slow.
Adv. otiose. •
lend, v.tr. 1, mutuum date, commodate alci
alqd; — on interest, fenetati, (fenote) occupate,
(col)locare ; 2, fig. date, ptaebete.
length, n. longitudo ; = extension in height,
proceritas ; — in time, long inquitas, diututnitas ;
— of the way, longinquilas viae; in — , per
longitudincm ; — of time, in longinquum, diu ;
to run all — s, extrema audete ; at — , tandem,
denique, turn (tunc) demum ; — fully, copiose, fuse.
length-Wlse,adv. in longitudinem. lengthy,
adj. — in words, verbosus, longus : not to be
— , «e in re multus aim. lengthen, v.tr.
alqd longius faccre, ptoducete; — in time, pro-
rogare ; — for payment, diem ad solvendum pro-
rogate; — the war, bellum ptotogare ; ■ — the
service, militiam continuate ; — a feast, convi-
uium ptoducete.
lenient, adj. mitis, clemens, mueticors.
Adv. elementer. loniency, n. dementia, leni-
tas, misericordia,
lens, n. * vittum knticulari forma (in no
sense class.).
lentil, n. lens, -nlis, (., lentiada (Cels.).
leonine, adj. leoninus.
leopard, n. leopardus (very late).
leprosy, n. lepra (usu. in pi., Plin.). leper,
u. homo leprosus (late,.
less, I. adj. minot. II. adv. minvs ; see
Little, lessen, v.tr. (de)minucre, imminulre.
lessening, n. deminutio, imminutio.
lessee, n. conductor.
lesson, n. 1, discenda ( = things to be
learned; if by heart, ediscenda) ; dictated — s,
dictata, -orum ; to take — s of anyone, audire
magistrum ; 2, lig. praeceptum, monitum, docu-
mentum (= proof).
lest, conj. ne with subj.
let, v.tr. = to hinder ; see Hinder.
let, v.intr. 1, = to cause or make ; I will — you
know, te certiorem faciam (also by monere)
Xenophon — s Socrates say, Xenophon Soctatem
disputantcm facit ; 2, =to command, jubete, cu-
rate, alci negotium date ; 3, = as a sign of the ini
perative, — us go, eamus ; 4, iu various phrases
e.g. to — blood, sunguinem mittete ; to — go,
missum facere, mittere, dimittire ; — alone, —
that alone, or be quiet, missa isthaec far.; —
down, demittere; — fly, = shoot, jacnlari, telvm
in qlqm jacere; — loose, emittere ; — in, admit-
ten ; — off, absolverc, ss absolve ; pila {cjmittere,
tela co>i(j)icire, = discharge weapons ; — into
your secrets, secreta consilia alci impertire ; —
slip, omiltete, praetermittere ; — an opportunity,
facultutcm alqd agendi omiltete; — that pass, ut
ista omittamus; 5, = to allow, sinere ace. and
infin. or ut, pati ace. and infin., concedire infin.,
pennittetc alci ut or infin. ; — not, cave ne (e.g.
— hi in not go out, cave ne exeat); iny business
let
~6i
lif
will not — me, per negotium mihi non licet; 6,
'=■ to lend or give the use of ; see Lease.
lethal, adj. mortifer, exitialis, eritiabilis,
fun est us.
lethargic, adj. veternosus, torpidus. leth-
argy, n. torpor (Tac), vcturnus.
letter, n. 1, (of tho alphabet) Ul'ty.ra ;
capital — , lit(t)era grandis ; — s of the alphabet,
lit(t)erarum notae; to the — , ad rerbum, ad
lit(r)cmm ; the — of the law, verba legis ; to hold
to the — , scriptum sequi ; 2, = an epistle, lit-
(t)crae, cpistula (epistola); by — , lit(t)cris, per
lit(tyras. letter-carrier, n. tabdlarius, qui
lit{t)eras perfert. letters, n. = learning, doc-
trina, eruditio, hnmanitas, lit{t)erae; a man of
— , homo doctus, eruditus, lit(t)eratus, doctrind
oriiatissimus. lettered, adj. lit(t)cratus.
lettuce, n. lactuca.
levant, n. oriens, solis ortus, -iis.
levee, n. salutatia.
level, I. 'adj. aeqvus, planus, comb, aequus et
planus, Ubratus (= balanced). II. n. aeqnum
(e.g. in aequum descendere), planities; to be on
a — with, pari esse conditions cum alqo, parem
or aequo r cm esse alci. III. v.tr. 1, acqvare,
coaequare, exaequare, complanare (e.g. U.rram);
2, = to destroy, solo urbem aequare ; — to the
ground, diruere, evertere, sternere; see Raze.
lever, n. veciis, -is, m.
leveret, n. lepusculus.
levity, n. 1,= lightness, Uvitas; 2, = in
character, inconstantia, Uvitas (with hominis,
animi, opinionis); = jesting, jocus, jocatio.
levy, I. v.tr., — soldiers, milites scribere,milites
conscribire ; — tribute, tributnm imjxinere, vecti-
gal exigire, II. n. delectus, -us ; to make a — ,
delectum habere or agere ; sec Enlist.
lewd, adj. impudicus, incestils, impurus.
Ad\\ incaste, impure, lewdness, n. imptudi-
titia, impuritas, libidines, -urn, pi. f.
lexicon, n. * lexicon, * onomasticon.
liable, ndj. ohnoxius (e.g. irae, bcllo) ; to be
— , endrre in (e.g. cadit ergo in bonum hominem
mentiri ? Cic). liability, n. use adj.
libation, n. libatio, librnnentum, libamen ;
to make a — , libo.re.
libel, I. n. libellus famosus, en men famosum
(in verse). II. v.tr. llbcllum ad in/amiam alcjs
cdere. libellous, adj. famosus, probrosus.
■ liberal, adj. liberalis, largus, munificus, be-
nignus, beneficus; too — , prodigus, profusv.s ;
the — arts, artes liberates, artes ingenuae. Adv.
liberaliter, large, comb, large, et liberaliter, viuni-
fee, benigne, p'rodigc, profuse; to give — , largiri.
liberality, n. liberalitas, muniftcentia, largi-
tas, beneficeutia, benignitas ; of thought, etc.,
animus ingenuus, liberalis.
liberate, v.tr. liberare ; to — a slave, menu-
mittire; see Deliver, liberator, n. liberator
(e.g. patriae), vindex. liberation, n. liberatio ;
= of a slave, monumissio.
libertine, n. homo dissolutus. libertin-
ism, n. licentia morum, mores dissoluli.
liberty, n. libertas; too much — , licentia;
= leave, copia, potestas; — of will, arbitrium,
V.berwm arbitrium; at — , liber; you are at — to
do it, nihil impedit rpwminvs facias, cUqd facire
I'M licet or integrum, est.
library, n. bibliotheca ; a considerable — ,
bont librorum copia. - librarian, n., to be a
— , bibliothecae praeesse.'
libration, n. UbraHo.
I license, L b. = permission, copia, pokstis;
= liberty, licentia (also in bad sense, licentia
Sullani temporis ; licentia militum; magna gla-
diatorum est licentia). II. v.tr. ulqm privi-
legio munire. licentious, adj. dissolutus,
libidinosus (lub-). Adv. per licentiam, dissolute.
licentiousness, n. libido, libidines, vita dis-
soluta ; see Lewd.
lick, v.tr. Ungere, lambcre; to — up, ligur-
<r)ire.
lickerish, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus.
licorice, n. glycyrrhiza, -ae, f., dvlcis radix
(Plin.).
lid, n. operculum, opcrimentum.
lie, I. n. mendacium, commentum, falsum ; to
tell a — , mendacium diccre alci de alqd re; to
give a person the — , mendacii alqm coargucre.
II. v.intr. mentiri. liar, n. (homo) mendax,
homo fallax, falsiloquus (Flaut.).
lie, v.intr. = to be in a certain place or position,
jacere (e.g. jacerehumi, to lie or be on the ground ;
so jaclre in gramine, jacere ad alcjs pedes, jacere
sub arbore, jacere per vias) ; cubare (in bed, etc.) ;
situm esse, posiium esse; as far as — s iu me,
quantum est in vie (re, vobis, etc.), pro riribus
meis(tuis, etcO ; to — in, puerperio cubare (of
childbirth (Plaut.)); parturire; to — in this,
contineri re, situm esse, x-ersari, Cemi in re;
on whom does it —"! per quern stat? where — s
the hindrance? quid impedit? to — between,
interjacere ; with accus. or with dat. ; — in
wait, alci insidiari ; — down, procumbere, de-
cumbcre, quieti se dare; — hid, latere; — still,
quiescere ; — under an obligation, alci gralid de-
vinctum esse.
lief, adj. e.g. I had as — , malim; — die as
endure it, mortuum me qua.m ut id patiar malim.
liege, adj. imperio or dicione alcjs subjectus,
or parens, obnoxius alci; to be — , esse in alcjs
dicione, parere alci.
lieu, n. in — of, pro, loco, vice, lieutenant,
n. in gen. legatus ; in the army, perhaps ceii-
turio (infantry), and praefectus (cavalry) ; the
lord-lieutenant of a country, praefectus pro*
vinciae.
life, n. 1, vita, anima, spiritus, -iis ; physical
— , vita quae corpore et spiritu continetur ; in my
— , dum vivo; to have — , vivcre, in vitd esse ; to
come to — , nasci, in lucem edi; to put an end
to — , mortem sibi consciscere ; to take away — ,
vUam alci udimere; to give — , procreare, parere
alqm ; to call into — , gignere, procreare, jacere,
efflcere; he can scarcely sustain — , vi.e hdbei
unde vivat ; as to the manner in which men live,
mode of — , rictus, -iis; in public duty, in re-
publico, gerendd ; private — , vita cot(t)idiana
(qitot-); early — , iniens aetas; the prime of — ,
bona or constans aetas; (as a word of affec-
tion), mea vita! mea lux! while there is —
there is hope, aegroto dum anima est spes est;
to restore to — , ad vitam revocare or redu-
cere, e mortuis excitare ; to come to — again,
revivisoire ; to venture your — , capitis pericu-
lum adire; to cost a person his — , morte stare ;
to try a person for his — , de capile quaerere ; to
lead a — , vivere, vitam agere; to flee for one's
— , fugd salutem petere ; to lose — , perire, vitam
perdere ; if I could without losing my — , si salvo
capite potuissem; to depart this — , diem obire
supremum; all one's — , per totam vitam; loss
of — by law, ultimum supplicium, ; to the — ,
ad vivum; full of—, vividvs, vegetus, alacer ;
tc put — into, alci animvm, facire or adders ; 2,
fig., 6ee Vicour ; in oratory, sucus, comb, sucus
et sanguis ; 3, = the reality (e.g. paint from the
--), ipse with the noun mentioned ; 4, = time,
'tetas, tempora -urn (e.g. this — , haec aetas).
life-blood, a. 1, sanrjiiis, -itfn-is, m. ; 2, fig-.
lif
755
lin
see Life, life-boat, n. scapha ud naufragos
' excipiendos facta, life-guards, n. milites or
cohortes praetoriani (of the emperor), life-
less, adj. 1, exanimis, exanimus, inanimus
(opp. animatus, animaus) ; 2, frigidus, ex-
■ sanguis, exilis, aridus, comb, aridus et exsan-
yuis, jejunus(a\l of speech). Adv. fig., languide,
frigide, exilUer, comb, frigide et exiliter (of
speech) ; jejune, comb, jejune et exiliter. life-
. time, n. aetas, fatvum. lively, adj., liveli-
ness, ii., livelihood, n., see Live.
lift, I. v.tr. (at)tollere, extollere, (sub)Uvare ;
— upright, erigere ; he — s his hands to heaven,
manus ad sidera tollit ; — ed up, levatus, alievalus,
arrectus; — with pride, etc., superbkt, rebus
secundis, etc., elatus. II, n., use verb.
ligament, n. ligamentum (Tac). liga-
ture, n. licfatura (late).
light, I. n. = luminous matter, or the result
of (as daylight), lumen, lux ; with the — , cum
prima, luce, die illucesceute, sub lucis ortum ; the
— of the eyes, lumlna (oculorum) ; — of a pre-
cious stone, lux gemmae ; to give -r-, lucem edere,
fundere; to see the — of day (or be born), in
lucem edi or suscipi, nasci ; to come to — , in
lucem prof erri, protrahi, deUgi, patefieri (— to be
uncovered, made manifest); to bring to — , in
lucem proferre, prolrahere, aperire, patefacere,
detegere ; to stand in or intercept a person's — ,
(lit.) alcjs luminibus officere, obstruere, (fig.) alci
officere, obesse; to stand in your own — , sibi or
utilitati suae or commodis suis male consulfre,
sibi deesse ; to place in an odious — , alqd in in-
vidiam adducere, in summam invid. adduc, alci
rei ad(j)icere invidiam; to see in a false — , alqd
fallaci judicio videre ;- = lamp, lumen (in gen.),
lucerna (espec. = a lamp), candela (= a taper
or torch of wax, tallow, etc.), cereus (= a wax
taper or torch) ; to light a — , lumen, lucemam,
canddam accen'dere ; to write or work by — , ad
lucemam (cum lucemd) scribere, alqd lucubrare or
elucubrari (e.g. epistidam) ; to study by — , lucub-
rare; a study by — , lucubratio. II. adj. as
opposed, to what is dark, cla'rus (= light in
itself), illustris, lucidus (= light-spreading), lu-
minosity, albidus(— white), candidus(= dazzling),
pellucidus (— shining through). IIL v.tr. 1, =
to set light to, alqd accendere ; 2, =to fill with
light, illustrure, collustrare. lighten, I. v.intr.
fulgcre, fulgurare (usu. impers. fidget, fulgurat).'
II. v.tr. see Light, III. 2. lighthouse,
n. ji/iunts (pharos), lightning, n. fulmen,
fulgur.
light, adj. as opposed to heavy, levis (opp.
gravis); — soil, solum tenue; = inconsiderable,
levis (opp. gravis, weighty), parvus(or>p.magnus);
— pain, dolor levis or parvus ( = slight); —
armed infantry, equites levis armaturae ; —
troops, milites levis armaturae or merely levis
armaturae, milites leves, velites (as a regular part
of the Roman army, early called rorarii), milites
expediti (= all soldiers who have laid aside their
kit, consequently we find expediti levis arma-
turae); — clad or armed, expeditus, nudus (=one
who has laid aside his overcoat) ; a — foot-sold-
ier, pedes expeditus ; — of foot, velox(opp. tardus),
pernix (= nimble) ; he is very — of foot, incut
in eo praecipua pedum pernicitas; — of colour,
pallidus ; see Pale ; — hearted, hilaris, curis
vacuus, curis liber solutusque animus; it is some-
thing — (= trivial), nihil est negotii; — minded,
livis, vanus. Adv. leviter (lit- and fig.), temere,
inconsulte(inconsulto)(=z without consideration) ;
to think — of anything, alqd non rnagni facere.
lighten, v.tr.' lit. exonerare (not in Cic. or
Cae.s.1 jactu ram facere (of a,ship). lightness,
».■ Kt-itas (lit. and fig.), lightsome, adj. hilaris,
alacer ( = cheerful), lightsomeness, n.
laetitia, hilaritas; see Gay.
like, I. adj. = similar, similis, consimilis, witli
gen. or dat., jwr,dat. ; tiistar (indecl., n.), gen. ;
to make — , ad similitudinem rei fingere ; he is
no longer — what he was, prorsus alius estfactus
acfuit antea ; that is — him, hoc dignum est illo.
II, adv. similiter, simiii modo with ul atque (ac),
modo, instar, ritu with gen. (ad instar, post
class.) ; see As. III. v.tr. amare, diligcre,
carum habere alqm, delectari alqd re ; I — that,
hoc arridct or cordi est or datum or aeceptum est
mild, libet mihi; I do not — that, hoc displicet
mihi (with infill, following) ; I — it well, mag-
nopere probo ; if you — , si isthuc tibi placet ; as
you — , arbitrate tuo. like-minded, adj.
consors, congruens, conveniens, comenianeus.
likely, adj. veri similis (often written as one
word, sometimes similis veri), probabilis ; it is
— that, veri simile est, with accus. and iufln.
likelihood, n. veri similitude (also in one
word, or similitudo veri), probabilitas. liken,
v.tr. alqd alci rei or cum dtqa re comparare ; see
Compare, likeness, n. 1, = resemblance,
similitudo, or by adj. ; see Like ; 2, = portrait,
effigies, imago ; painted — , picta imago, liking',
n. amor, voluptas ( = pleasure) ; libido ; to one's
— , gratus, acceptus, jucundus. ' likewise,
adv. item, itidem, et, or by idem; see Also.
," liliputian, adj. see Little, Insignificant.
lily, n. lilium; of or from a — , lilaccus.
limb, n. membrum, artus, -uum (= a mem-
ber).
limber, adj. flexibilis, mollis, lentus.
lime or limestone, I. n. calx, -cis, f. and
(rarely) in. ; to burn — ,'caicem coquere ; quick-
— , calx viva ; slaked — ', calx ex(s)tincta ; bird — ,
viscum. II. v.tr. = to smear with bird—, visco
illinere. lime-burner, n. calcarius. lime-
kiln, u. (fornax)c(dcaria. limed, adj. viscatus.
lime-tree, n. tilia.
■ limit, I. n. terminus, finis, -is, in., limes,
•itis,. m., circiumscriptio. II. v.tr. finire,
limitare ( = to separate by a boundary-stone or
line, thus limitati. agri), terminare ( = to put
an end to), eertisr limitibus or terminis'cireum-
scribere. limitation or limiting, n. deter-
minatio, circumscriplio, definitio, limitatio ;
= exception, exceptio. limited, adj. 1, =
short, brevis ; see Brief ; 2, fig. a — monarchy,
condiciones regiae potcstati impositae, or po-
testas certis cond. circumscripta, limitless,
adj. immensus, infinitus.
limn, v.tr. see Paint.
limp, adj. languidus,flaccus,ftaccidus. limp-
ness, u. languor.
limp, v.intr. claudicare, claudumesse ( = to
be lame) ; see Lame.
limpet, n. lepas.
limpid, adj. limpidus (rue), pellucidus; see
Transparent.
linch-pin, n, axis fibula.
linden-tree, n. tilia.
line, I. d. 1, linea ; a straight -•-, recta linca ;
curved — , eurva linea ; the — of the circle, linea
circumcurrens ; to draw a — , lineam ducire or
scribere; 2, a boundary — , finis, m. and f . ; 3, —
(in poetry), versus, -us, versiculus ; in letters, to
write a few — s in reply, pauca rescribere; 4, of
soldiers, aci-es (in battle), agmen (on the march) ;
thefront— ,primaacies,hdstdti,principia Aorum;
the second — ,- principal, -um ,- the third f-. ' rl ""-
arii; — of skirmishers, velites; to adyance ; in
equal — , wmi/lftontt prccedlie ; a soldier of the
— , (mtiUs) legiondrius ; to draw up tie arroy' in
-in
106
liv
three — s, aciem triplicem instruere ; 5, in the
father's — , a patre ; in the mother's — , a viatrc ;
to be connected with one in the direct — , ar-
tissimo gradu. conlingirc alqm ; 6, (in fortifica-
tion), fossa (= trench), vallvm, (= entrenchment),
opus,-ert8,ti.,miHiitio(=fortiflcation), agger, -errs,
m. ( = mound); 7, =&tMnTa\K,funU,fiinvcuIus,
lines; a carpenter's — ,amussis, -is, in., tinea ; a
chalked — , linea creUi descripta ; a lishing — , linea;
a plumb ■ — , perpendiculum ; by — , ad amussim,
e.mmussim (ante and post class. ). II. v.tr. 1, —
a dress, perhaps vesti, alqd assuere ; 2, = to fill,
complere. lineal, adj. better not expressed,
(e.g. a — descendant, units e posteris alcjs).
lineage, n. stirps, -is, {., genus, -oris, n., origo,
progenies, lineament, n. used generally in
the pi., as in Euglish, lineamenta (similitudo oris
vultusque v.1 lineamenta, Liv.), but applied to
the mind (e.g. animi lineamenta sunt pulchriora
mam cor}x>ris) ; see Feature, linear, adj.
linearis (Plin.).
linen, n. as the material, linum (Aipor,
flax ; linum tarn factum quam infectum, quodque.
netum quodque in teld est, Cic), linteum, lintea,
-orum, n. (properly of — , i.e. — cloth, e.g. lintea,
. vestis, vela) ; clad in — , linteatus.
linger, v.intr. cessare, morari, contari(cunct-);
he — s (i.e. dies slowly), perhaps paul(l)atim
moritur. lingerer, n. cessator, contator (cunct-).
lingering, I. n. cessatio, contatio (cunct-),
mora. II. adj. tardus, lentils, contabundus
(cunct-) (of people) ; a — death, tabes, -is, f. (=
consumption), perhaps tarda mors, -tis, f. ; see
Slow. Adv. tarde, contanter (cunct-), lente; see
Slowly.
— linguist, n. fcomo multaruvi linguarum
sciens. linguistic, adj. grammoticus or de
ratione linguarum.
liniment, n. ungueutum.
link, I. n. 1, = torch, fax, taeda, funah ; 2,
= bond, vinculum, conjunctio, socktas, familia-
rilas (of friendship), offinitas (by marriage),
necessitudo (any close tie); 3, of a chain, an-
nulus (Mart.). II. v.tr. conjungere, (con)(.n)ec-
tire; see Ukite.
lint, n. linamentum (Cels.) .
lintel, n. limen (superum or superius).
lion, n. 1, leo ; of a — , leoninus; a— 's skin,
pcllis leonina ; . — 's claw, unguis leoninus; 2,
fig. (e.g. the — of the season) deliciae, -urn.
lion-hearted, adj. magnanimus. lioneBS, n.
Iraena.
lip, n. labrum ; the upper — , labrum supe-
rius; the lower — , labrum inferius ; primorihus
labris (=the tip of the — s) gustasse = to get. a
taste of; labeUum (esp. in endearing sense), lab-
ium (rare), lip-salve, u. unguentum. lip-
service, n. see Flattery, lip-wisdom, n.
verbo tenus sapxentin.
liquid, I. adj. liauidus, fiuens; to grow — ,
Uquescere, liqueficri ; to make — , liquefarerr. II.
n. liquor, humor, + latex, sucus (=juire). liqui-
date, v.tr. see Pay. liquefy, v.tr. Uquefa-
cere, liquor, n. see Liquid, II.
lisp, v.intr. balbutire (— to stammer).
list, u. = catalogue, tabula, index (Quint.).
list, v.tr. see Wish, Desire, Please.
listen, v.intr. see Hear, listener, n.
auscultator.
listless, adj. sonars, dtses, languidus, piger.
Adv. torpide, stupide, languide. listlessness,
n. torpor \1ao.), socordia, desidia.
lists, n. campus, hippodromus, spatia, -orum;
to enter the — against (fig.), cum alqo con-
tender*.
litany, n. *Utania (Eccl.), or preces, -vm,
f. ( = prayers)
literal, adj. to employ a word in its — sense,
rcrbum proprie dicere ; a — translator, ad verbum
interpres; the — sense, propria, v is. Adv. lit{t era-
tiw, proprie, ad lit(t)eram. ad verbum. literary,
adj. lit(t)eratvs ( = lettered or learned), lU(t)e-
rarum ttudiotus ; — leisure, otium lit t)cra-
tum ; — monuments, lit(t)crarum monumenta.
literature, n. lit(t)erae, lit(t)erarnm monumen-
ta, -orum; to entrust to the care of — , lit(t)eris
mandare or coiisignare ; to learn from — , Ut(t)erU
percijvre ; we have no history in our — , abest
historia lit(t)eris nostris ; the study of— , lit(t)e-
rarum stadium ; the knowledge of — , lit(t)erarum
scientia; to be acquainted with — , lit(t)crcs
scire ; to be without — , lit(t)eras nescire.
lithe, adj. mollis, flexibilis.
lithographer, n. lithographus (in no se'nse
class.).
litigate, v.tr. and intr. litigare cum alqo pro
alqo, inter se de alqd re (noli pati fratres liti-
gare) (Cic), lites sequi. litigant, n. qui cum
alqo litigat. litigation, n. lit. litigious,
adj. litigiosus (= full of strife, given to law-
suits), litigiousness, n. use. an adj. (e.g.
the — of the man, homo litium cupidus).
litter, I. n. 1, lectica ; a small — , lectkula;
2, felurci, fetus, -us, suboles (sob-) ( = a brood) ; —
of pigs, porcelli uno partu editi ; 3, — for cattle,
stramentum; = confusion, turbae ; to make a—,
res turbare. II. v.tr. 1, parere, fetum edere =
to bring forth ; 2, see Strew.
little, I. adj. parvus, parvulus (dim.), exigitus,
minutus, modicus; often rendered by diminu-
tives, as — (small) coins, nvmmuli ; — book,
libellus ; — present, mvnusculum ; — used as
a noun, e g. a iittle gain, paul(l)um Ivcri ; also
by aliquid, e.g. a — pride, alqd superbiae; to
sell by — and — , or by retail, divendere ; the
— ones, jmrvi, liberi; a — time, tempus brere ;
for a — , parumper, pauUl)isper ; in a — , breri ; a
— after, ptul(l)o post ; by — and — , puul I i$jsr,
sensim, gradotim, minutatim ; a — soul, aiiimvs
pusillus ; not a — ,valde, vehementer, maynopcre ;
he is a — too much given to money, aliqvantond
rem est avidior ; these things are a— trouble-
some to me, nonnihil molesta haec sunt mihi;
a — before sunset, sub occasum solis; how
— , quantillus (Plaut.), quantulus; how —
soever, qvrtntuluscunquv, ; so — , tantulus; he
lacked — of being killed, hand multum afpyuii
quin occiderctur. II. adv. paul(l,um, aliquan-
tulum, nonnihili ( = somewhat), parum i = too
— ). III. n. ahquantum, nonnihil, parum(=
too — ), paul(l)um, paul(l)ulum ; see Littlf
1. littleness, n. parvitas, exiguitus. less,
adj. minor, least, adj. minimus; minimum,
at least.
liturgy, n. *liturgia (Ecc\.).
live, I. v.intr. 1, rivfre, invito iw? ; yet to
— , in vivis esse, sujierstitcm esse ; to let one — s
alcjs ritae parcire ; cannot — without, alqd re
carcre non posse; so long as I — , me vivo, dvm
(quoad) vivo ; if I — , si vita suppetit; as 1 — !
ita vivam! — for a thing, deditum esse rei ; —
in a thing, totum esse in re ; — for self, sibi i-ivere ;
2, to — on anything, vivere re, vesci re, oli re,
vitom svstentare alqd re; 3, to — luxuriously,
laute vivire : — poorly, parce vivere; to — at or
in a place, lovuK incolere, locum or in locohobi-
tare ; see Dwell; as to your condition, to — ,
vitam agire or degere ; — happily, etc., bene,
feliciter, viisere, etc., vivere. II. adj. or living,
adj. rivus. livelihood, n. virtus, -vs (= \ro-
visions), livelong, adj. totus. lively, adj.
liv
7,57
loo
1, = active, strenuus, acer ; see Active ; 2, =
sprightly, alacer, vegetus, hilar is, festivvs, lepidns;
see Merry, Witty ; 3, of places, = frequented,
celebcr ; 4, = keen, vehement ; to feel a — joy,
valde or cchementcr gavdere ; to form a — idea
of anything, rem tanquam praesentem contem-
plari. liveliness, ll. alacritas, hilarilas, festi-
vitas.
liver, n. Jecur, -(in)oris, n.
livery, n. vestis qaam alcjs famuli gerunt.
liveryman, n. wdalls, -is, m., or socius alcjs
societatis. livery-stables, n. stabulum (mer-
cenarium).
livid, adj. lividus; a — colour, livor.
lizard, n. lacerta, stellio.
lo ! interj. en, ecce. .
load, I. n. onus, -Iris, n.; a cart — , vehes, -is,
f.(Plin.) ; a — on the mind, tristitia, molestia, ani-
mi dolor or aegritudo. II. v.tr. 1, onerare, gra-
varc (properly = to make heavy or weigh down,
e.g. membra gravabat onus, gravatus vino somno-
que, ocidi morte gravati) ; lie — ed the people
excessively, nimiuin oneris plebi imposuit; op-
primcre (= to press down or oppress) ; — with
reproaches ; see Reproach ; 2, of firearms, armu
para-re, inslruere. loaded, adj. onustus, one-
rat us.
loaf, n. panis, -is, in.
loam. n. latum. loamy, adj. lutosus
(= muddy), cretosus, argillosus (of chalk).
loan, n. res mutuata or mutuo data or com-
modata ; pecunia mutua or credita.
loath, adj. invitus ; I am — , piget me (e.g.
referee piget vie, piget me dicere). loathe, v.tr.
alqd fastidire, aversari, a re abhorrere. loath-
ing, n. fastidium (for food, fig. = disdain),
odium (= hatred), taedium (= disgust, mostly
post class.), loathsome, adj. tcter, foedus,
obscenus {obscacn-), odiosus. loathsomeness,
n. focditas, obscenitas (obscaen-).
lobby, n. vestibulum.
lobster, n. cancer (— crab).
local, adj. by the genitive loci, regionis, etc.
(e.g. locorum diffUxdtates, = — difficulties ;
loci opportunity, = a — advantage or conven-
ience), locality, n. locus, or loci no.tura or
situs, -lis.
loch, ii. locus.
lock, I. n. claustra, -orum (properly = a
shutter or fastener) ; to be under — and key, esse
sub claustris or clavi; — in a river, piscina
(Plin.) or emissarium (= outlet of a lake).
II. v.tr. obserere, occludere; to — in, claustro
includere; to — out, claustro foras exclude re ; to
— up, alqm concludere. locker, n. armarium.
locket, n. collare ; see Necklace, lock-jaw,
n. tetanus (Plin.).
lock, n. of hair, cirrus; of wool, floccus.
locomotion, n. motus, -us. locomotive,
a*lj. sua vi motus ; — engine, machina ad currus
tralic ndos facta.
locust, n. loevsta (Plin.).
lodge, I. ii. casa (=a cot). II. v.intr. 1,
devenari ujnid alqm, ad alqm de.vertcre; 2, — in,
(in)ab/i re latere re. III. v.tr. 1, kospitio exci-
pcre, tccto recipere ; 2, — a complaint, alqm or
novum alrjs deferrc ; — a spear, etc., adigere.
lodger, n. deversor (at an inn), iuquiliiius, in-
quilim (=one who lives in another's house).
lodgings, n. ccnaculum vuritorium (= hired
room, Suet.), or by domns, — house, lodging-
house, n. insula, lodgment, n. to effect a
— -, see Lodoe II. and III.
loft, n. caenaculiun (coen-) ; hay— , faenilia,
ium (fen-); corn — , horreum. lofty, adj. 1,
= high, alius, (ex)cdsus, editus (of places), sub-
limit (= aloft, mostly poet.) ; 2, fig. (ex)ceL<ru$,
elatus, sublimis, erectu.i ; of speech, grandis; of
pride, superbiis. Adv. alte, excelse. (lit. and fig.),
sublime (lit.), elate (fig.); = proudly, snperbe.
loftiness, n. 1, altitndo; 2, (fig.) altitudo,
elatio, excelsitas, comb, of speech, ultitudoet elatio
oratnris (Cic), sublimitus et magnificentiaet nitor
(Quint.) ; — of mind, altitudo animi.
log, n. 1, lignum 'or ligna, pi. = firewood) ;
stipes, -itis, in. (= trunk of tree) ; 2, fig. =
blockhead, stipes, caudex, -icis, in., truncus.
logbook, n. tabulae, loggerhead, n. 1,
= blockhead ; see Loo ; 2, to be at — s, see
Quarrel.
logic, n. logica, -orum, or dialectica (or dia-
lectic), logica (or logicc, or written in Greek,
i) Koyueq), logical, adj. logicus, dialecticus
(= connected with logic) ; — questions, dia-
lectica, -orum ; — conclusion, consequents,
-ium, or ea quae cjc coiuxssis cons&2uuntur.
Adv. dialecticc or quod ex cuncessis consequi-
tur, or quodnecessarie demonstrutur. logician,
n. dialect icus.
loin, n. lumbus.
loiter, v.intr. cessare; see Linger.
loll, v.intr. and tr. recumbere, rccubare ; to
— out the tongue, linguam exscrere.
lonely, lonesome, lone, adj. solus, soli-
tarius, uvius, reductus (of situation), loneli-
ness, n. solitudo.
long, I. adj. 1, = extension in space, longus,
proccrus(= tall), }>ro»tiS8lw(= hanging down), Ion-
giiiquus ( = distant) ; exceedingly — , praelongus ;
— hair, capillvs promissus ; to defer for a — time,
in longinquum tempus differre rem ; the measure
or degree of length is put in the accusative (e.g.
six feet — , longus pedes sex or in longitudinem
sex pedum ; a foot — , pedalis, pedem longus* ; 2,
= extension in time, longus, longinqnus, diutur-
niis, diutinus ; during a — while, (file; a — time
before, multum ante alqd ; a — time after, mul-
turn post alqd ; 3, = slow or dilatory, tardus,
lentus, segnis, pvjer ; a — business, Icntum nego-
tium. II. adv. din; — ago, pridem, jampri-
dem (or as two words), jamdudum (or in two
words) ; not — ago, haud dudum, modo, olim ;
how — , quamdiu ; as — as, quamdiu . . . faiii-
diu ; — after, mnlto post or jxist multos
annos ; — before, ante multos annos. III.
v.intr. ami tr. to — for, avere alqd or with infill.,
cupere alqd or with infill, or ut, ge&tirevrith infill.,
avert, cupere, gestire, desiderare (= to regret
the loss or want of) alqd or alqm, alqd ab alqo,
alqd in alqo; desiderio alcjs rei teneri or ftagrare,
concupisctre (=to desire), longevity, n.
by ciicuinloc. ; sec Old. longing, I. n. alcjs
rei desiderium (= desire), appetitus, -us, ap)>e-
titio (— passionate desire). II. adj. — after
anything, alcjs rei cupidus, or avidus. Adv.
cupide, avide. long - suffering, adj. see
Patient.
look, I. n. 1, as act, (oeulorum) oblutus,
■ us ; to direct a — at, aspectnm or oculos confer-
tcre or con(j)icere in rem; — at a person, intiteri,
a(d)spicerealqm; 2, = appearance of the counten-
ance, vulliis, -us; a severe — , vultus secerns;
in gen. sjiecies, fades. II. v.tr. to — at, tt(iT)spi-
cere, intueri, conlcmplari. III. v.intr. tpteiem
alrjs (rei) pracbere, videri ; see Seem ; to —
about, circumspicire ; to — lack, (alqd) resj)£-
cere ; to — 'down, despicere; to — down upon,
alqm despicere ; to — for, see Seek ; = to ex-
pect, e.r(s)pectarc ; to — out, = to l>c on the
— out, s]ieculari ; to — out for, — to take
loo
758
luc
care of, aid rii'consuUre; to — towards, in
or ad alqm locum sped are ; to — up, suspicere ;
to — up to, clam vereri. looking-glass, n.
spteulum. look-out, n. use verb.
loom, 11. tela.
loom, v.intr. in couspectum t longinquo
dari.
loop, I. n. laqueus (= noose). II. v.tr.
annecUre; see Tik. loophole, ti.'foramen
(=hole), fenestra (= — in the wall ot'a tower
for the discharge of missiles).
loose, I. adj. 1, = slack, luxus, ffu.vus, re-
missus; — reins, laxae or ftuxae habe'nae ; with
— hair, passis crinibus; 2, of soil, rar«s'(opp.
dcnsus), solutus (opp. spissus), fatilis (Col.) ; 3,
of teeth, mobilis (Plin.); 4, = at liberty,
(ca rccre, etc.) Uberatus, solutns ; 5, of morals,
\dis)solutus, effrenatus, rcmissits. Adv. laxe,
{dis)?o!utc. II, v.tr. (re)laxare, remittere, (re)-
solvere ; see Untie, looseness, n. use adj.
Loose.
lop, v.tr. tondere, (dc)putare, amputare (== to
prune), praecidere (= to — on"), lopsided,
adj. imo latere grandis.
loquacious, adj. loquax, gamtlus (= chat-
tering), I'erbosvs. Adv. loqu-acitcr, verbose, lo-
quacity, n. loquacitas, garrnlilas.
lord, n. dominus. lordly, adj. 1, of high
rank, illvstris, nobUis, illustri or nobili loco
nut us ; 2, = proud, svperbus, arrogans; see
Proud, Arrogant, lordliness, n. siiperbia,
arroganlia ; see Pride, Arrogance, lord-
ship, n. = power, impcrium, dominnlus, -its.
lore, n. crudilio, doctrina.
lorn, adj. solus, desert us; see Lonely, For-
lorn.
lose, v.tr. amittcre, perdere, jaduram rei
face re (of loss purposely incurred) ; one who has
lost a member, captus (e.g. onilo, auribus); = to
be bereaved, privari, orbari re ; to — hope, spc ex~
cidere ; to — a battle, vinci ; to — patience, pa-
lieutiam, rumpere; to — time, tempus perdere; to
— sight of one, alqm e conspectn amittcre ; to never
— sight of, alqtl nunquam ilimittire ; to be lost,
umitti, perdi, perire, absumi ; to give np for lost,
despe rared ere ; to — colour, evanescere,pcdlcscere;
to be lost in thought, in cogitaiionc defixum esse ;
the mountain — s itself in the plain, mons in pla-
nitiem se subducit ; I am lost, perii; the ships
were lost at sea, mersae sunt naves (in) nwri.
loser, n. qui damno afficitur ; he was a great
— , magna damno affectum est. losing, n. amissio.
loss, n. damnum, dctrimentum, jactura, dis-
pendinm; to sustain a — , damna pati, cala-
mitates svbire, incommod is affici ; to repair a
— , damnum resarcire ; the — of a battle, pvgna
adversa ; 1 am at a — , dubius sum; see Un-
certain.
lot, h. 1, ton, -tis, f. , sortitio, sorlitus, -us ;
by — ,-sorte, sortito ; 2, = fortune, snrs, fort una;
easting of — s, sortitio, sortitns, --us. lottery, n.
sors, sortitio, alea (= game of dice) ; 'tis all a — ,
nihil incertius est.
loth, adj. see Loath.
lotion, n. liqnida quae alci illinnntur.
loud, adj. clarus(= clear), magnus(= strong) ;
— Cry, Magnus clamor ," — voice, VOX darn, vox
magna. Adv. dare, clard, voce, magna or summd
voce, loudness, n. magnitudu, vox claret.
lounge, v.intr. nihil agtre, desidlre.
lounger, n. homo deses, iners, contator (ennrt-),
cessator, ambulator.
louse, n. prdievhts (Plin.). lousy, adj.
petlicvlosus (Mart.).
lout, K. homo rusticus, agrestis, stipes, cavdex
(cod-), loutish, adj.
Rude. Adv. rust ice.
rv.stkns, agrestis; seii
love, I. n. amor, caritas (= affection), pietas
(= reverent devotion), studium ; = a favour-
able disposition, studium alrjs rei; to have — ,
alcjs rei amantcm esse ; worthy of — , amandus,
amore dignus ; — atfair, amor; — potion, fvhil-
trum ; the god of — , Capido, Amor ; the goddess
of — , Venus; my — ! mea voluptas! mcum cor !
deliciae meae. II, v.tr. amare (with natural
aflection), diliglre (as .friends), carum habere
alqm, studire alci, amore complecli alqm, amore
prosequi alqm, amore alcjs teneri, amore alcjs
captum esse, alcjs amore depcrire ; to — learning,
lit{t)erarum studiosum esse, loves, n. amorcs.
loved, adj. cams, acceptvs, gratus,jucundus, sua-
vis. lovilig, adj. alcjs avians, stndiosus, blandus,
benignns, dulcis,suavis, indvlgens. Adv. umanter.
loving -kindness, n. misericordid; .see
Mercy, lovely, adj. 1. lellvs, rcnustus (of
persons and things), amoenus (of things) ; see
IJeaitiful; 2, = worthy of love, amore
dignus, amandus, amabilis. loveliness, 11.
renvstas, amoenitas. lover, n. amator, f.
amutrix; a — of literature, lit(J)erarum stndiosus.
low, I. adj. 1, of position, humilis, demissus;
2, of voice, gravis, submissvs, suppressus ; 3, of '
price, vilis ; to buy at a — price, jxtrvo or
vili (pretio) emrre; 4, in regard to condition,
humilis (= humble), ignobilis, obscurUS (as to
birth and ancestors), tenuis (as to property);
lower, inferior (in position), sordidus (as to
origin); of — blTth,hwnili or ignobili, obscitro
or tenui loco ortus, humili fortund otitis; of the
lowest birth, infimae condicionis etfortunae, infi-
mits, sordida loco ortus ; of the lower orders,
tcnuioris ordinis ; the lowest of the people,
infima plebs; the lowest class of men, ultima*
Bonis homines, infimi ordinis (generis) homines,
ivfimum genus hominum,facx, vulgus, -i, n., plebs,
plcbccnla; 5, = having a — tone, humilis, lllibera-
lis (= unworthya gentleman), abjectus ^despic-
able, employed with animus), turpi s ; see .Base ;
— expressions, verba ex triviispctita ; 6, =sad,
maestus, tristis. II. adv. hwniliter (lit. post
class., but class. = basely), demisse, abject e =
\mse\y, illiberulitcr (— unbecomingly to a gentle-
man); to speak — , submisse, submissd voce dicer?.
lowly, adj. 1, see Low, 4 ; 2, — humble, wo-
destvs, moderatus; see Humble, lowliness,
n. 1, humilitas, obscuritas ; 2, modestia ; sec
Humility, lowncss, n. 1, humilitas (of posi-
tion or stature); 2, of birth, humilitas, igno~
bilitas, obscuritas; 3, of price, vilitas ; 4, of the
voice, vox gravis ; 5, of mind, humilitas, animus
humilis or abjectus, turpitudo ; of expression,
verba ex triviis pctita. low-born, adj. ignoHU
or obscuro loco natus. low-lands, n. lom
(■orum) plana, low-spirited, adj. animus
demissus et opprcssus, afflictus, maestus, tristis;
see Sad. lower, I. adj. inferior ; the — world,
npud inferos, ) Tartarus (,-os), \Tartara, -orum,
pi. ; — orders, spe Low, 4. II. v.tr. demittcre :
to — the voice, submittere (Quint.) ; to — one-
self, se ab(j){cere. lowering, adj. see Dark,
Threatening.
low, v.tr. of cattle, mugire. lowing, n.
mugitus, -us.
loyal, adj. fldelis, fidus. Adv. fidclitcr.
loyalty, n. fides, fidelitas.
lozenge, n. ixislillus (Plin.).
lubber, n. lubberly, adj. see Lout.
lubricate, v.tr. vng(uy-re.
lucid, adj. lucidns (= bright, distinct of
speech, etc ; in the latter sense, trisodihictdus).
Adv. (di)haidr, lucidaess, lucidity, n.
pcrspiin Hi'* (Quint.), better use adj. or adv. (e.g.
lue
759
mag
dilucide rem expli
he expressed himself with
cavit).
Lucifer, n. 1, the morning star, Lucifer,
t Phosphorus, t Roils ; 2, = Satan, Lucifer
(Eecl.).
luck, n. fortuna, fors, soys, casus, -us; good
— , fortuna sccunda, res secundae ; bad — , adversa
fortuna, res adversae ; good — to it ! bene vertat I
lucky, adj. felix, fortunatus, faustus, ausplca-
tus. Adv. fclicitcr, ex an imi sententid, auspicato.
lucre, r\'. lucrum (= gain), quaest-us, -?1s (= ac-
quirement); for— 's sake, ?ucr£ caus(s)fi. lucra-
tive, adj. lucrosus, quaestuosus.
lucubration, n. luculratio.
ludicrous, adj. (de)ridiculus, perridicuhis,
rideudus, deridendus. Adv. (i)er)ridicule. ludi-
crousness, n. stultitia, insulsitas (= folly), or
by adj.
lug, v.tr. trahere, rehire, luggage, 11.
impedimenta, -drum, n. ; the — (collectively),
vasa, -orum, n. ; sarcinac (= the knapsacks,
etfi., of the individual soldiers).
lugubrious, adj. lugubris (mostly poet.,
belonging to mourning), flebUis, maestus, tristis
(= sad); see SAg, Adv. + Inquire, flugubriter,
ftebilitcr, maeste; see Sadly.
lukewarm, adj. tepidm (lit. and fig.) ; =
indifferent, languidus, frigidus, lentus, remissus,
neglegcns (neglig-). Adv. langnide, friyide, lente,
rcmi-ssc, neglegenter (neglig-). lukewarmness,
l). tepor (lit.), languor, or by adj.
lull, I. v.tr. sedare (e.g. rentes, insolcntiam,
etc.); to — to sleep, sopire, t somnum suadcre,
II. v.intr., the wind — s, venti ris cadit, renti se-
dantur. III. n. use verb, lullaby, n. cantus,
■ us, or verb lallare (= to sing a — , Pers.).
lumber, n, scruta, -orum.
luminous, adj. luminosus (= having light),
luddas l = giving light) ; — narration, narratio
ludda or perspicua or aperta or dilucida; the
thoughts of, etc., are not — , sententiac alejs
lueem desiderant. Adv. (di)hicidc, perspicue,
aperte, plane, comb, aperte atque dilucide,
dilucide et perspicue. luminary, n. 1, lit.
sol, -is, m., luna (=sun, moon, etc.); 2, fig.
lumen,
lump, n. massa, glaeha (gleba). lumpish,
adj. hebes, stupidtts (— stupid), lumpy, adj.
gkbosus (Plin.).
lunar, adj. lunaris (with cursus, cornua,
etc."); a — year, amius lunaris. lunatic, adj.
lunaticus (very late) ; see Mad, Madman.
lunch, n. prandium.
lung, n. pul mo ; — s, pulmones.
lunge, n. and v.tr. sec Stab.
lupine, n. lupinus, lupinum.
lurch, I. n. 1, see Roll ; 2, to leave in
the — , deserere ; see Abandon. II. v.intr.
see Roll.
lure, I. n. — decoy-bird, or fig. illecebra.
II. v.tr. allidre, illidre, peltidre.
lurid, adj. obscurus, caliginosus (luridus
— pale yellow, ghastly). •
lurk, v.intr. latere, latitarc (intensive of
latere).
luscious, adj. {prac)dulcis. luscious-
ness, n. dulcedo.
lust, I. n. libido (lub-), cupiditas. II. v.tr.
to — after, concupiscere (= to desire earnestly).
lusty, adj. = full of vigour, miens, validus,
regetus ; = large and stout, robiistus ; to be — ,
vigere. Adv. valide. lustiness, n. vigor,
rob-ur.
lustration, n. lustratio (=a purifying, e.g.
munifijiioriuii). lustral, adj. lustralU.
lustre, n. 1, nitor, fulgor, splendor; to
throw a — on, splendonim addere ulci ; V, —
space of .five years, lustrum. , lustrous,
adj. splendidus, splendens, clams, lucidus ; see.
ISrioht. . ..
lute, n. lyra, ibarbitos, in. and f. (only num.,
voc. and aecus.), fides, Hum, f. pi., cithara,
teshtdo.
luxuriant, adj. laetus, hixuriosus. Adv.
laete. luxuriate, v.intr. litxuriari. luxu-
rious, adj. luxuriosus, sumpituosus, mollis,
dclicatvs, lautits (lot-). ' Adv. luxuriose, delicate,
■molliter. luxury, n. liaus, -its, luxuria or
luxuries, lavlitia, apparatus, -its, deliciae.
lye, ii. lixivia (Plin.).
lynx, n. lynx, lynx-eyed, adj. lynceus.
lyre, n. lyra, cithara, fides, -ium, f. pi.,
testudo, barbitos, m. and f. (only noni., voc. and
accus.). lyrical, adj. lyricns. lyrist, n.
lyricen, citharista, m.
M.
macaroon, n. placenta (= cake).
mace, n, fasces, -ium, in. mace bearer,
n. lictor.
macerate, v.tr. macerare (e.g. flax, fish)
(Plin.). maoeration, n. maceratio (of flax,
llsh).
machination, n. = a secret, malicious de-
sign, machina, conatus, -iis, dolus ; to make — s,
cousilia (eoa)coquere ; to do a thing through
anyone's — , alqo auctore facire alqd. ma-
chine, n. machina, machinatio, machina mint-,
urn (— machinery) ; compages, -is, f. (= frame-
work) ; the — , fabric of the human body, com-
pages corjxiris. machinery, n. machinal io,
machiiunnenta, -ontm, n., machinae.
mackerel, i>. scomber.
mad, adj. 1, lit. insanus, vecors, furiosus,
dement, mente captus, irabidus (usu. of animals),
phreneticus (phrenit-); 2, fig. insanvs, vecors,-
vesanus, furiosus, aniens, demens. Adv. insane,
furiose, rabide, dementer. madcap, n. homo
or juvenis ingenio praeceps. madden, v.tr.
1, mentem alicnare ; 2, fig. exacerbare, exasperare,
incendlre; see Excite, madhouse, n. domus
publico, qvd curantur msani. madman, n.'.
homo insanus, etc.; see Map. madness, n.l,.
lit. tnsania, amentia, dementia, vecordiu, Juror,
rabies (esp. of animals); 2, fig. insaaia, amen-'
tia, dementia, vecordia, furor, rabies.-
madam, n. domino,
madder, n. rubia (Plin.).
magazine, n. 1, = store, granary, horreum,
receptaculum alcjs rei (= repository for -corn,
goods, etc.), armamentarium (for arms); 2, =
pamphlet, acta, -orum; see Journal.
maggot, n. vermis, -is, m., vermiculus.
maggoty, adj. verminosus (Plin.).
magi, n. magi, magic, I. n. ars magica,
or mag ice (Plin.). II. adj. 1, magicus ; 2, fig.
by viirus (e.g. a — power, mira quaedamvis);
see also Juqolf.rv.
magistracy, n. magistrate, -us. magis-
trate, n. magislrahis, -iis. magisterial,
adj. ad magistratum pertinens ; in his — capacity,'
quippe qui magistrates erat.
mag
760
maj
magnanimity, n. see Generosity, mag-
nanimous, adj. see Generoi'.s.
magnet, n. (lapis) magnts, -His, m. mag-
netic, magnetical, adj. magnesius (e.g.
magnesia sttxn, Lucret.) ; — power, attrahtnili
quae dicitur vis (\d a lit. sense), mira quaedam
via (ill a llg. sense), magnetism, n. *mng-
■netisma (t.t., not class.).
magnificent, adj. magnificus (= splendid),
splentliitus, eoinb. splendidu* et magnificus ; jirae-
c/uriH (= eminent through exterior and inward
qualities, excellent), comb, magnificus et prae-
clarus ; lautus {lot-) (of banquets) ; s-umptuosus
(= expensive) ; amplus'e.g. amplissimae divitiae).
Adv. magnifies, splendide, praeclare, Unite, sumpt-
vose, ample, magnificence, n. magnificentia,
splendor (= outward splendour, also inward
excellency) ; res magnifica, splendida (= a splen-
did thing); cultus, -its (as regards dress and
costly household utensils); laiUUia (tot-) (of an
expensive mode of living) ; apparatus, -its (=
preparations), magnifier, n. = one who
magnifies, laudator (in gen.), fein. laudatrix;
also simply by verbs, to be the — of any-
thing, Imnhire alqd, praedioare alqd or de alqd re.
magnify, v.tr. augere (lit., e.g. the number of
praetors, numerum praetorum ; tig. to represent a
thing greater than it is, in this sense comb, oih-
plificart et augere), amplificare(= to make greater
in extent, e.g. a town, urbem ; the property, rem
familiarew ; then fig. = by our actions to make
a thing appear greater than it is) ; (verbis) exag-
gerare(= to make in words much of a thing, e.g.
a kindness) ; verbis augere, in majiu; (verbis) extol-
lere(=: to impair the truth by exaggeration) ; in
/ahum augere (= to exaggerate falsely); in majus
uccipire (—to take a thing in a greater light
than one ought), magniloquence, n. mag-
niloquentia, magnitude, n. magnitude (in
gen., both lit. and fig.), amplitudo (= great ex-
tent, also tig. = importance of anything and
high authority of a person), ambitus, -its, spa-
Hum (= circumference, extent of a thing in gen.).
magpie, n. pica.
mahometan, n. and ndj. * Muhamcdanus.
maid, n. 1, = an unmarried woman, see
Girl; 2, = servant, ancilla, famula. mai-
den, maidenly, adj. vlrginan (= pertaining
to virgins), virginalls (= peculiar, natural to
virgins, e.g. basrifulness, verecundia). maiden-
hood, n. virginita*. maid-servant, n. see
Maid, 2. .
mail, n. 1, armour, lorica, thorax, -acis, m. ;
2, a letter-bag, folliculitis ( = bag) with de-
scriptive epithet (e.g. ad !it(t)eras perferendas);
= the letters themselves, lit(l)erae. mail-
coach, n. raeda (r(h)e.da) cursualis publico.
mailed, adj. loricatus.
maim, n. mutilare, truncare; see Injure.
maimed, adj. mancus, truncus.
main, I. adj. primvs, princeps ; see Chief,
Principal, Great; ( = the greater part), pars
prima (= first part), caput (= chief point); his
— intention is, id maxime (praecipue) sequitur
or agit or special ; — point, summa (sc. res),
res magni momenti or magni diicriminis, caput
alcjs rei or svmma ; the — question is, id max-
ime quaeritur, quaeritur de, etc. (in a meta-
physical question), agititr de alqd re, cardo alrjs
rei (= hinge) ; to give, state only the — points
of anything, sitmmatim alqd exponire ; summas
tantummodo attingere ; to review briefly the —
points, per capita decurrere. ; to stray, wander
from the — question, a praposito ubcrrare or
declinare ; to return to the — point, ad proposi-
tion rererti or redire, ad rem red ire, prae ceteris
alqd age re or spectare; — road, via; — object,
finis; to make anything one's — object, omnia
ad alqd referre or revocare ; his — object is, id
potissimum spectator sequitur ; in the — , si rcram
rei rationem ex'tgis, vere (= in reality). Adv.
praecipue; see Principally, Uncommonly. II.
it. 1, = the great sea, oltum ; see Goran ; 2, —
the main-laud, (term) eontinens. main-land,
n. terra (continens). main-mast, n. mains.
mainsail, n. velum.
maintain, v.tr. 1, sustinere, sustentare (e.g.
the world,' health), through anything, alqd. re ;
(con)servare (= to preserve, e.g. one's property,
rem familiarem conservare ; then = to save);
titcri (= to see that anything is in a good condi-
tion), comb, tueri et conservare ; a I he (by care
and nursing), comb, alere et sustentare, sustentare
et alere ; to — one's physical strength, raletndi-
nem tueri; 2, = to keep in the necessaries of life,
sustinere, sustentare, alere; 3, = not to lose or
surrender, tenere, retinere, obtinerc, (con)servare ;
4, = to — an argument, contendere, confirm" re ;
see Assert, maintainable, adj. iunnitus,
firmatus (= fortified), firmits (— linn, durable, lit.
and fig. =not easy to be overthrown), stubilis
(= stable, fig. = unalterable), comb, stabilis et
firmits (e.g. a ship), pertunis (= what does not
"easily go bad, e.g. fruit), maintainer, n.
(con)serivtor, suhttis anctor (= one who restores,
saves), vintier (= one who claims), or by verbs.
maintenance, n. 1, rictus, -iis(— food for the
necessary support of the body), alimenta, -orum
(=food in gen. ; then in the meaning of the law,
what anyone subsists on, subsistence); to give
to anyone his — , alci victum or alimentum (often
in pi.) praebae; 2, = protection, continuance,
conservatio, tuitio (= the act), gains, -utis, f., in-
columitas (= the state of being preserved).
maize, n. far.
majestic, adj. auguslus, sanctus (= very re-
verend), magn{/!cus(= splendid). Adv. auguste.
majesty, n. majestas (later of the Roman em-
peror); dignitas, nnmen (=high power, will, both
of God and man, e.g. of the emperor) : sur-
rounded with — , avgnstus ; to violate the — ,
majestatem (of the people, pojntli ; of the em-
peror, imperatoris) minuere or laedere ; your — !
majestas tun ! (late).
major, I. adj. 1, = greater in number, extent,
e.g. the — part, ?>i(y'or(e.g. major pars) ; see More ;
2, in music (the — mode, opp. the minor mode),
modus major ; 3, in logic, the — premiss, pro-
positio. II. n. 1, =a military rank, ceuturio,
praefectits; optio(= assistant to and immediately
under the centurio) ; 2, in law = a person of full
age to manage his own concerns, sui juris, suae
potestotis (no longer under the parent's control),
suae littelae (not longer requiring to be repre-
sented in court by a guardian), sui patens (= one
who can do as he likes), major-domo, n. =
steward, qui res domesticas dispensat, dispensatvr.
majority, n. 1, = the greater number, major
pars, major numerus (both = a greater number
in comparison with another number), or plurrs
(= several), phtrivii (= most) ; plerique (—a. large
number); the — of historical writers, plans
aitctores; Servius took care that the — did not
prevail, Servius cnrai-it ne plnrimvm plnrimi
valereni; — of votes, sententiae longe plnrimae
(of the senators, judges), suffragia longe plurima,
(of the citizens in the eomitia); to have tie
— of votes, vincere, (of persons), valrre (of a
motion, etc.), longe plurimum valcre, maguis
sufiragiii or jit suffragia snperare ; to be ac-
quitted by a great — , sententiis fere omnibus ah-
solri ; the. — rules, carries the victory, major
pars vincit ; the. — (in the senate) decided in
favour of the same opinion, pars major in oni-
mak
7G1
mal
dein seutentium. ibat ; 2,= full age, aetas qua
sui juris alqsfit; lie entrusted liini with the
government until the children should come to
their — , rcgnuni ei commendavit quoad liberi in
suam tutelam pervenircnt.
make, I. v.tr. 1, = to form, in the ordinary
sense in gen. faccre ; = to accomplish, eonficere,
efficere, perficerc ; 2, = to create, crcarc (of God
and nature) ; made for, ad alqd /actus, alci rei or
ad alqd natus, comb, alci rei or ad alqd natus fuc-
tuggue (opp. as regards persons, ad alqd ductus or
instilutus); a spot almost made for an ambuscade,
loca insidiis nata; 3, in an arithmetical sense,
efficere, or by esse, fieri ; 4, = to — by art, arte
imitari or efficere, alqdfingcre (=to invent) ; 5,=
to do, to perform, faccre, age re (p.glre, the Greek
7rpoTTeif , =to act without reference to the result);
= to choose anyone as one's model, auctore uti
alqo ; the ambassadors — haste to get to Africa,
legati in Africam maturantes veniunt ; he made
haste to get to Rome, Romam proficisci matura-
vit; 6, = to cause to have any quality (e.g.
wealth — s man proud), facere, efficere, reddere alqm
(with the aecus.) ; facere and efficere denoting
the producing of a certain condition in a thing,
whilst reddere implies a change of the previous
condition, e.g. to — anyone useless, alqm. in-
utilem faccre, e.g. of a wound ; to — anyone
better, alqm meliorem reddere ; to — the people
from wild savages into gentle and civilised
beings, homines exferis mites reddere or homines
feros mites reddere; very often, however, the verb
" to — ," with its accus. of the predicate, must
be rendered in Latin by one verb ; to — equal,
ucquare, etc. (see under the adjs.) ; to — much, a
great deal of a person, alqm mag ni facere (= to es-
teem), mu/tu»iaZatr£bi<<!re(=:to think very highly
of anyone), alqm colcre (= to have great" regard
for, to respect a person) ; not to — much regard
for, to — light of a person, alqm parvi facere
(= to treat with indifference), alqm contemnere(=
to despise) ; to — much of a tiling, alqd magni fa-
'ccre, existimare (= to value highly), alqd in honore
habere (=to honour) ; not to — much of a thing,
alqd neglegere (neglig-, — to disregard, neglect);
to — much, be eager for, etc., alcjs rei esse appe-
tcntissimum ; = to be fond of , alqm car um habere ;
see Fond ; 7. = to bring into any state, to consti-
tute, facere, instituere (= to appoint to an oltice),
constituire (= to institute anyone as), crearc (=
to create, to elect) alqm (with accus., e.g. to —
anyone the heir, heredem alqm facere, instituere);
8, = to establish, e.g. to — friendship, con-
ciliate (e.g. amicitiavi ; a wedding, nuptias ;
pucem), facere (e.g. a treaty, foedus; pctcem); to
— harmony, peace, concordiam reconciliare; be-
tween two, alqm in gratiam reconcil'uire cum
>dqo ; to — quarrels, discordkun concilare (= to
cause discord) ; causum jurgii inferre, jurgia
excitarc ( — to begin, excite quarrels) ; between
two, discordes reddere ; between the citizens,
discordiam inducers in civitatem ; Q, — to settle,
in the phrase, to — one's abode, in alqm locum,
migrare, in alium locum demigrarc or trans-
mii/rare, in alqm locum immigrare (=togo to live
in, to remove to); see also Reside, Live; 10,
= to raise to good fortune (e.g. he is made for
this world) ; to — a man, alqm gratia et auctori-
tate sua sustentare (= to get anyone forward) ; aZcjs
forliinac auctorem esse; 11, = to gain (e.g. to —
money of), see Money, Gain ; 12, = to discover,
to — land, cupere (e.g. insulum or portion) ; see'
Land ; ex alto invelii in portum, decurrere in
port u m ; 13, to — one's way to, = to arrive at,
see Penetrate, Advance ; 14, = to convert,
alqd re vti (e.g. to — anything an instrument
of, etc.); 15, = to put into a suitable form
for use, to — abed, ledum sterncre; 16, =to com-
pose (e.g. |o — ye^es) faccre, scribcre, $ee Qph-
po.se ; 17, to — hay, fenum seeare, caedere,
succidcre; 18, =to contribute (e.g. this argu.
ment — s nothing in his favour), magni (parvi,
etc.) momenti esse (= to matter) ; impels, it
— s nothing, nihil est ad rem; 19, to — amends
satisfucere alci de alqd re, alqd expiare, alqd (cum)
alqd re compensarc ; 20, to — arrangements, (apy
parare, comi>ararc, praeparare, adornare alqd,
facere, comb, parare et facire, se comparare or
praeparare ad alqd; 21, to — away with, =
to kill, interjicirc; see Kill. II. n. = forma-
tion of the body, omnis membrorum et totius
corporis Jigura, or simply corporis Jigura, cor-
poris conformatio et Jigura, in the connection of
a sentence also simply corpus ; of strong — ,
maximi corporis (of a man), of immensely strong
— , immani corporis magnitudine ; see also
Shape, maker, n. in gen. quifacit, etc., or
auctor (e.g. vacis), suasor(= adviser), factor, fabri-
cator, making, n.faclio, fabricatio, but better
use verb, makeshift, makeweight, a
ad tempus (e.g. of an edict, a decree, edictum
ad tempus propositum).
maladjustment, n. incompositus (e.g. the
— of parts, partes incompositue).
maladministration, n. pram rerum ad-
ministrate.
malady, u. see Illness.
malapert, n. petulans, procax, protervus,
parum verecundus (= not very discreet); see
Saucy.
malapropos, adv. intempestive,
malaria, n. aer pestilens, caelum grave et
pestilens.
maleontent, n. rerum mutationis or rerum
novarum or rerum evertendarum cupidus.
male, adj. virilis (only of man), mas, mascu-
lus, masculinus (Plin.) (both of man, but more
frequently of animals); the — sex, virilis
sexus, -its.
malediction, n. ex(s)ecratin, dime, -arum, f.
(— curses); see Corse.
malefactor, n. homo maleficus (mulif-) (=
perpetrator of a wicked act), maleficence, n.
malitia (= roguery), improbitus (= wickedness,
opp. prubitus), malignitas (— malignity) ; see
Malice, malefic, adj. maleficus (mali/-), maii-
liosus(= roguish, esp. in law proceedings), impr'qs
bus (= wicked, of persons, opp. probus), malignus
(=evil-disposed, jealous, of persons, opp. benign-
us), malevolent, adj. see Malice, Mali-
cious, malformation, n. quod infonnc est.
malice, n. = envy, malignitas, invidia, male-
volcntia (maliv-) ; = a wicked pleasure in try-
ing to do others harm, malitia (= roguery) ; = a
wicked act, scelus, -Iris, n. malicious, adj.
malitiosus, malevolus (maliv-, = malevolent);
+ malignus (never used in the sense of malicious,
only = ill-natured, ill-willed), invidus; — saucy,
procax. Adv. malitiose (not so strong as tho
English), maliciousness, n. see Malice.
malign, I. adj. see Malicious and Unfavour-
able. II. v.tr. seo Slandkh. malignant.
adj. see Malicious, malignor, n. obtrcc-
tutor, -malignity, n. 1, malevolentia (maliv-') ;
2, of a disease, vis morbi. malpractice, n.
see Misdeed, maltreat, v.tr. male fracture,;
see Injure, maltreatment, n. see Injury,
malversation, n. peculutus, -lis.
mallard, n. anas (-dtis) mas or vi/xscidus. -
malleability, n. by malleable, adj. quod
malleis extendi potest, lentus (= tough), ductilis
(Plin.).
mallet, n, J, fis(uca (for driving anything
mal
"62
man
with force), paricula (=a rammer), /usJis(= a
club), malleus (= a hammer), pistillum (= »
pestle).
mallow, n. wafwi, malache, -M(Plin.).
malt, n. honlcum aqud perfusum et sole tostum.
malt-liquor, n. see Beer.
mama, mamma, hi mamma.
mammal, n. animal.
mammon, n. diviHae, opes, -um ; see
Riches.
man,' I. n.' homo (in gen.), vir (esp. = a brave
man) ■;- men, in a collective sense, homines,
penus humanvm, hominwn 'universum genus (=
the whole human race), uiortales, Hum; a young
— , {homo) adulescens (adol-); quite a young — ,
(homo) adulescentulus (adol-), juvenis ; very often
it is not expressed at all in Latin, especially With
adjs., and when it is contained as subject in the
verb, e.g. many men, people, multi ; there are men
who, etc., sunt qui, etc., non desunt qui, etc., in-
veniuntur or reperiuntur qui, etc. (in all these
phrases use the indicative mood after qui, when
the class of men is clearly defined ; but the sub-
junctive mood when the class of men is de-
scribed In an indefinite sense, so as to require
a qualification ; there are men who will have it
that, etc., sunt qui dicmit, i.e. who mean to say,
who seem to say, to think; but sunt qui dicunt
= there are men who assert, i.e. in a posi-
tive manner); no — , nemo, null us (=110 one,
nobody); he is not a — (i.e. he is a brute),
liomo non est, omnis humanitcdis expers est ; this
— (referring to some name mentioned imme-
diately before, without laying any emphasis on
the word this), simply hie (but hiu vir, if with
emphasis) ; — by ~, every — , viritim (=lo
every — individually, e.g. to distribute any-
thing, to grant, tribuere or dare) ; altogether,
everyone up to the very last — , urtiversl, ad unum
mines; so much a — , or every — gets so much,
singuli uuferunt with the a ecus, of the sum ; =
soldier, miles, -id's, 111. ; his men, sui; our men,
nostri; men may also be expressed by exercitus, -us,
copiae, manus, -us; newly recruited men, tirones ;
with commendation, vir; to march in a file
three men together, three abreast, triphci or-
dine incedcre; they marched thirty men abreast,
triginia armatbrum ordinal ibant; with — and
horse, viris equisque (i.e. with infantry and
cavalry) ; an army of ten thousand men, exer-
citus decern mil(l)ium ; a — from a country town,
a countryman, but a — of the right sort, rusti-
canus vir, sed plane vir (Cic.) ; show yourself a
— , virum te praesta ; in chess, latro, latrunculus
(Sen.), miles ; in draughts, calculus ; — of money,
pecuniosus ; — of the world, homourbanus, or per-
politus ; merchant — , navis (mercatoria), navis
rotunda; — of- war, navis longa, navis rostrate,
guinqueremis (= different kinds of Roman men-
of-war, in opp. to navis rotunda, = merchant — ).
II. v.tr. 1, = to furnish with soldiers, natemor
classem multibus or propugnaloribus instruere or
complSre; to — sufficiently, navcm or classem ar-
vwtis ornare ; to be sufficiently — ncd, suum nu-
merum habere, manful, adj. see Manly, man-
hood, n. 1, = adult age, pubertas (Plin.), aetds
adulta; to reach — , togam virilem sumere; 2,
= humanity, hvmana nalura, humanitas. man-
kind, n. homints^genus^humaunm. manly,
ndj. 1, = belonging to men,' virilis ; 2, — brave,
virilis, fortis; see Brave, manliness, n.
virtus, -litis, f., animus virilis or fortis; see
. Couraoe. mannikln, n. homuncio, homun-
cuius, hmnnllus. manservant, n. servus,
famulus, manslaughter, n. hominis etudes;
guilty of — , by hominem caederc, interfieire.
man-trap, "• stimulus (Gees.).
manacle, I.
catenis.
11. manica, II, v.tr, vincire
manage, v.tr. = to conduct, tractate (=
to treat, handle), regere (lit. = to conduct, e.g.
domesticam disciplinam regere), administrate (=
to have a thing under one'3 hands), perfungi
alqd re ( = to discharge the duties of an office),
gerere (= to hold a public office, with reference to
the general conduct), praeesse alci rci(= to act as
presiding officer, to superintend the management
of affairs), procurare (= to act for an absent
person, e.g. anyone's business, alcjs negotia),
dispensare. manageable, adj.-l, = easy to
be used, habilis (opp. inhabUis), or transl. by
verbs/, 2, = that may be made subservient to
one's" views, qui regi potest (both lit. and fig.),
trdctabiUs (fig., of persons), docilis, facilis (=
compliant) ; see Flexible.' management,
n. = maimer of carrying on, administmlio, truc-
tatio (e.g. of the war), cura (care, e.g. of a family,
of a household, rei, domestical cura); the — of
anyone's affairs (in his absence), (pro)curat io ;
dispensatio (of a steward), manager, n. =
one who has the direction of anything, negoti-
orum (procurator (of a business ; to be the —
of anyone s business, alcjs rationes negotiaque
procurare, alcjs rem or negotia gerere), pracfectus
(— one who discharges the duties of an office,
in good Latin always with the gen. or dat. of
the office), magister (= principal of an establish-
ment, director of a company).
mandate, n. tdictum (e.g. to issue a — ,
edictum proponere or ediccre, lit, etc., of a public
body); in gen. impcratum, jnssum, mandatum.
mandible, n. maxilla.
mandrake, mandragora, n. nuindrcl-
goras, -ac, 111. (Plin.).
mane, n. juba, coma (comae cervicum, of
lions' — s, Gell.); with a — ,jubatus, comatus.
manes, 11. Manes, -ium, m.
mange, manginess, n. scabies, scabrities
or scabritia (Plin.). mangy, adj. fscaber.
manger, n. praesaepe, praesaepis, praesae-
pium (praesep-).
mangle, I. n. machina qua lintca aut panni
levigantur. II. v.tr. 1, = to smooth clothes with
a — , levigare; 2, tig. (di)laniare. mangled,
adj. truncus, mutilus.
mania, n. insania (lit. and fig.), maniac,
11. homo insanus ; see Mad.
manifest, I. adj.aperttcs(= open before one),
manifest us (= apparent), comb, apertus ct mani-
fistus; perspicnus (= clear), comb, apertus et per-
spicuus; evidens (= evident), testutus (= shown,
proved by witnesses), notus, cog nit us ( = known) ;
a — crime, facinus manifesto compertum et depre-
heusum (when anyone is caught in the act); it
is — , patet, apparel, manifestum est, perspicuum
est omnibus; to make — , aperire (= to open),
patefacere. Adv. aperte, manifesto, sine dubio,
perspicue, evidenter, palam (= openly), scilicet
(ironically). II. v.tr. aperire (= to open), pate-
facere (= to make clear), manifestum facers (= to
make — ), (in medium) pro/errs (— to make gen-
erally known), comb, proj'erre etpatefacire ; enun-
tiare, dcclararc, ostendere, evnlgare, divulgate
(= to divulge), manifestation, n. significa-
tio, declaration demons! ratio, indicium ; see De-
claration, manifesto, n'.'if of the govern-
ment, edictum; in gen., to issue a — , perhaps
alqd proponcre.
manifold, adj. multiplex- (= various), multi-
formis (— many-shaped) ; may also be rendered
by varietas with the gen. following (e.g. —
learning, varietas doctrinarum; — sounds, varie-
tas sononm); to possess —learning, multipart
man
763
map
varidquc doctrind esse ; or it may be rendered by
multi (— many), creber (= frequent) ; at the —
requests of, saepe rogatus.
maniple, n. manipvlus. manipulate,
v.tr. tractare; see Treat, manipulation, n.
tri(c!(i(iO. '
manliness, n. manly, adj. see Man.
manna, h. Mrwiia (Eccl.).
■ manner, n. = way of performing', ratio,
modus (= mode, guide), via (= way, sure mode),
comb, ratio et via, ratio et modus; genus, -erls
(= mode of proceeding, e.g. argumentandi genus,
— of arguing; dicendi genus, — of express-
ing one's sentiments); = custom, habitual prac-
tice, ratio, consuetudo (= custom according to
which one is wont to act), Titus, -us (= mode of
acting as established by custom or habit, or by
the law ; hence the instinctive habit of animals),
comb, ratio et co>isuetudo ; institidum, comb, con-
suttudo et institutum ; = sort, kiud, genus; =
certain degree or measure, quodammodo ; in a
— , in liko — , eodem or pari modo; = mien, car-
riage, ratio (in gen.), mos (= — in gen., distinct
mode), mores, -urn, m. (= the whole — of a per-
son); = anybody's general way, ingenium alcjs
Moresque (— character) ; that is my — , ita sum, eo
sum ingenio, ita ingenium meum es<(=that is my
character), sic mens est mos (= my — , mode), mca
sic est ratio (= my — of proceeding) ; as it is my
— , your — , in my — , sicut mens est mos, also
meo more, ex or pro consuetudine med, tud, con-
suetudine men ; it is not my — , non est meae con-
suetudinis ; to live in his — , suo more or suo
instituto vivere ; what — is that? qui istic mos
est ? after, in the — or way of, etc. (= like),
more alcjs (e.g. in the — of parents, wild beasts,
a torrent, more parentum, ferarum, torrentis,
fluminis) ; in morem alcjs (e.g. in the — of
cattle, in morem pecu.dv.in) ; in the — of slaves,
servilem in modum ; modo or ritu alcjs (e.g. in the
— of robbers, women, beasts, ritu latronum,
mulierum, pecudum) ; in this — , hoc modo, lute
ratione, ita or sic (= thus) ; in an equal — , pari
modo ; = style, stilus (of a writer), manus, -its (of
an artist, painter ; e.g. written in the Attic — ,
Attico stilo scriptus). manners, n. in the pi. =
established customs, mores; good — , boni mores;
a person of good — , homo bene moralus, modeslus;
to follow anyone's — , alcjs mores induere or
imitari ; = decent deportment, mores ; refined,
elegant — , morum elegantia, mores elegantes
(in gen.), ttrbanitas (= courteous — ), humanitas
(= gentlemanly — , that show a man of good
education); without — , rudis et moris omnti
ignarus {=: rude and ignorant); vitae communis
igiuirus (= one who knows nothing of the
rules of society), riisticus, agrestis (~ rude,
rough, clumsy), inurbanus (= without refine-
ment), humanitatis expers, inhumanus, man-
nerism, n. ratio, or any word = manners,
and define it by context (e.g. a now — in speak-
ing, nova ratio loquendi), or by adj. or adv.
putidus, putide- (e.g. putide dicire = to speak
with — s) ; see Affected, Affectation, man-
nerist, n.' pictor qui tabnlafsuo -(or akjs)
more pingit. mannerly, I. ad\.-*urb<inus, hu-
manus, perpolitus ; see Polite. II. adv. urbane,
humane, humaniter, perpolile; see Politely.
manoeuvre, I. n. 1, military, decursio, tie-
cursus, -us (decursio always as the act of
manoeuvring, decursus — the — itself) ; mililibns
decursionem or, if for amusement, certamen ludi-
crum indiccre (— to give the order for holding
a — , to announce a — ) ; milites in decursionem
fir in certamen ludicrum cdxvcre (= to let the
troops march out for a — , Veget.), certamen
ludicrum committirc ; to hold a — (at sea), vrve-
Uuni mval? ' committers (of the commander) ;
2, see Scheme, Trick. II. v.intr. 1, to — , in
decursionem exire (= to march out to a — ), in
armis decurrere, or simply decurrere (= to make
evolutions for exercise), inter se in modum
justae pugnae concunere (= to hold a sham fight
for exercise and amusement) ; 2, see Scuemf.,
Trick.
manor, n. fundus, praedium.
mansion, n. in gen., aectes, num., f. ; see
House:
mantelet, n. vinea, pluteus, testudo.
mantle, n. amiculum, palla (for women),
pallium, pallioluM (= Greek — ), lacerna (= thick
— ), chlamys (=s light — ),paenula (with a hood for
travelling), sagum, sagulum ( = soldier's or
servant's — ), paludamentum ( — general's — ).
mantel-piece, n. by mensa (= table), pltdev.s
or tabula (= shelf).
manual, I. adj. = performed by the hand,
manu med, tud, etc., /actus; — labour, or*ira
(opp. urs), or by manus (e.g. to get a bare living
from the earnings of one's — labour, manuum
merccde inopiam tolerare). II. n. = small book,
libellus.
manufactory, n. = the building, officina.
manufacture, I. n, = operation of manufac-
turing, artis opus, -eris, opera fabiilis; — is at a
standstill, op.jacet ; = the article — d, ojrus quod
arte or manuj'actum est. II. v.tr. fabricare ; see
also Make, manufacturer, n. opifex, -ids,
fabricator (always witli the gen. of the thing
that is manufactured), artifcx, -ids (of artificial
objects), textor ( = a weaver), manufactur-
ing-town, n. urbs ojjicinis nobilis (= known
by its manufactures).
manumission, n. missio (in gen.), manu-
missio (of a slave), manumit, v.tr. alqm
manu mittere, or as one word, manumittere.
manure, I. n. stercus, -6ris, fimus. II.
v.tr. stercorare.
manuscript, n. 1, = anything in one's own
handwriting intended for recital or for the
press, chirographum ; 2, =a written work, liber,
libellus, or further denned as opp. to printed
book, manu scriptus or nondum editus.
many, n. multi, hand pauci; see Much;
creber or frequens (— — together) ; an assembly
of — people, magna frequentia (hominum) ; a
good — , cempiures, plerique; as — as, quot . . . tot ;
— a thing, — things, nonnulli, aliquot, quidam
(= some), sunt qui . . . ; — a time, nonnunquam
( = now and then), interdum ( = sometimes) ;
— times indeed, perhaps aliqnando ; not
— things, but much (i.e. not much, but well),
non multa, sed multum ; — ways, — a way, varie,
vario modo, muUis modis ; these — years, abhinc
multos anuos; to make — words, verba fucere,
longum esse; — men, — minds, quot homines,
tot sententiae (Ter.) ; of — meanings, ambiguus
(= ambiguous, equivocal, e.g. a word, verbum ;
an oracle, oracutum) ; with — corners, polygonius
(Vitruv.), in pure Latin, f mnltangulus (Lucret.) ;
to have — corners, plurium angulorum formam
exhibcre ; with — feet, mullis pedibus, t multipes,
t multiformis ; — times, saejv, sae}>enumcro
( = often), crcbro ( = frequently, repeatedly),
persaepe, saepissime ( = very often), iterum atquc
iterum. (=again and again), etiamatqiteetiam; how
— times, quotie(n)s; so — times, totic(n)s; as
— times ... as, toties . . . quoties ; however
— times, quotiesciuuiue, quoliescumque ; — times
greater, multiplex, many-coloured, adj.
variis coloribns dislinctus, multicolor (Plin.).
many-headed, adj. multa capita habens.
many-sided, lit. + multangulus, polygonius.
map, I. n. tabula ; a — of a certain part of a
country^ a — of a country, regio (e.g. in Gtrma*
map
I
764
mar
nid) in tabula or in membrand or in ckartd picta
or depicta. II. v.tr. terrurum situs pingere; to
— out, designare, describcre. mapping, n.
graphis, -ulos, f.
maple, n. acer; of — , acemus.
mar, v.tr. dcformare, corrumpere ; see
Spoil.
marauder, n. praedator, direptor. ma-
rauding, adj. praedatorius, praedabundus.
marble, I. n. marmor ; — cutter, (fabcr)
marmorarius; statue, bust in — , signnm mar-
moreum. II. adj. marmorius.
march, n. (mensis) Martins.
march, I. v.intr. ambulare (in gen.), in-
cedire (= of marching exercise, and in war);
to — out, set out, progredi, proficisci; to be
on the — , iter facire ; to — off, forward, to de-
camp, castra movere, promovere, or simply mov-
ere ; to -- three men abreast, triplici ordine in-
cedcre ; they were marching thirty men abreast,
triginta armatorum ordines ibant ; to be march-
ing quicker, to accelerate one's — , accelerare
iter; to — behind, to — in the rear, to close the
rear, agmen claudere, cogcre. II. v.tr. dvccre
(e.g. exercitum); — back, reducere ; — across,
tra(ns)ducere ; see Lead. III. n. 1, in a
military sense, = movement of soldiers, iter, pro-
feciio(= the marching off) on the — , iterfaciens
(e.g he was killed on the — , occisus est in ilinere),
cxitinere( = from the — , i.e., whilst the — is being
interrupted for a time) ; to make a — , iter facire,
conficere ; to direct the — to a place, iter alqo
facere, contendere, convertere, intendcre ; to change
the route of the — , iter \com)mutare, iter or viam
fiecteve ; the troops on the — , agmen; 2, ( =
signal to move), to sound the — , classicum
canere( = to sound the trumpet); — ! (as a word
of command) procede t (for one); procedite! (for
several) ; 3, ( = — of intellect) ; sec Progress ;
4, ( = a day's journey), iter ; one day's — , iter
nnins diei, castra, -orum (the latter inasmuch
as the Romans always pitched a camp after
every day's — ) ; after a five days' — , quintis
castris ; to make forced — es, magnis itineribus
contendere (in gen.), dies noctesque iter facere,
die et node continuare iter ( = day and night).
marches, n. fines, -ium, m., confinimn; see
Boundary.
mare, n. equa.
margin, n. margo, m. and f. marginal,
adj. quod ad marginem perlinet, in margine
scriptus.
marine, I. ndj. = belonging to the sea,
mariniu, ad mare pertinens. II. n. nattta, m.
(= sailor), miles (-itis) classicus ; the — s, epibatae.
mariner, n. nauta. maritime, adj. ma-
ritimvs (= situated near the sea), — state, civi-
tas maritima (= situated near the sea), civitas
or gens mart pollens, civitas or gens navibus or
clause mvltum valcns ( = powerful at sea, having
a large navy) ; to be a — state, classe (classibus)
multnm valere.
marjoram, n. umardcus (Plin.).
mark, I. n. 1, nota, signnm, signa et notae
(Cic), indicium, vestigium (= trace); it is the —
of a wise man, est sapientis (followed by infln.);
to make one's — , clarum alqd re fieri ; 2, =
thing aimed at, scopos, -i (Suet.); see Aim ; =
goal (fig.) ; see Purpose. II. v.tr. (dc)signare,
nota re ; ■= to take notice of, observare, anim-
adrertere; — or mind, animum adrertere, ani-
mum or animn uttendcre ; — out, lit. metiri
metari ; fig. designare, (de)notare ; see Purpose.
marked, adj. = distinguished, illustris; in a
l>a,d sense infamis, insignis (e.g. turpitudine
insignis). marker, n. 1, in a book, nota
(= mark) ; 2, = one who marks at a game,
minister or serous { = assistant) . mark-land,
n. see Marches, marksman, n. homojacu-
landi peritus, jaculator.
market, I. n. 1, maccllum( = provision — >,
forum ( = — -place), emporium ( = — town),
nundinac ( = fair) ; the cattle — , forum boari-
nm ; the vegetable — , forum olitorium; 2, =
sale, venditio ; to find a — , vendi. II. v.intr.
nundinari. marketable, adj. venalis.
market-day, n. nundinae. market-
garden, n. kortus. market-place, n.
forum, marketing, n. to go — , nundinari.
marl, n. marga (Plin.).
marmalade, n. fructus decocti.
marmoset, n. simiolus.
marmot, n. perhaps mus.
marriage, n. eonjugium, matrimonium,
nuptiae, con(n)uMum ; a legal, lawful — , con-
jugium legitimum, matrimonium justum or legi-
timum, nuptiae justac et legitimae; to contract
a — , to enter into the state of matrimony.
in matrimonium ire (Plaut.), ducere uxorem
(of the man), nubere alci (of the woman);
matrimonio jungi or conjungi, nuptiis inter
se jungi (of man and wife) ; to demand any-
one in — , sibi alqam in matrimonium peterc,
also simply petere alqam; to be united to anyone
in — , alqam in matrimonio habere ; to give one's
daughter in — to anyone, alci filiam (or vir-
ginem) in matrimonium dare or nuptum dare,
alci filiam collocare or nuptum locare. mar-
riage-contract, n. sponsalia, -ium, pactio
nuptialis ; to make a — , pactionem nup-
tialcm facere ; the written documentor deed
containing the — written on tablets, tabu-
lac legitimae, tabulae nuptiales, dotis tabulae.
marriage-feast, n. nuptiae. marriage-
settlement, n. dos, dotis, f. marriageable,
adj. pubes, -eris (in an age of puberty, in both
sexes), nubilis, adultus ( = grown up), sponsac or
marito \maturus. marry, I. v.tr. 1, = to
unite in matrimony; by the clergyman or
the person taking his place, sol(l)emnibus
(solenn-) dictis con(n)ubium sancire ; 2, = to
dispose of (of females only), alci alqam (in matri-
monium) collocare, alci in matrimonium dare or
tradere ; 3, = to take for husband or wife, in
gen., matrimonio se (con)jungere cum alqo or
alqd, in matrimonium accipere or recipere ; to
— a woman (of a man), ducere alqam uxoreni
in matrimonium, or simply ducere alqam (ux-
oreni), matrimonio alqam secum conjungere, alqam
uxoreni sibi adjungere ; to — a man (of a woman),
nubere alci ; to — each other, matrimonio jungi
or conjungi, nuptiis inter se jungi; to — again,
novum matrimonium inire; to — to advantage,
virginem bene, dotatem ducere (of a man), in lucu-
lentam familiam colloeari (of a female) ; to be
married, to be a married man, uxoreni duxisse ;
to be a married woman, nuytam esse viro. II.
v.intr. = to enter into the conjugal state, ux-
orem ducere Hn matrimonium) (see above),
nubere. viro (of the woman), marrying, u.
nuptiae.
marrow, n. 1 medulla ; 2, = the ph.
sence, the best part of anything, medulla.
(seldom in this sense, e.g. medulla vcrborum,
Aul. Gell.), ftos, floris, in. (= the best part of
anything), marrow-bone, n. os medullosnm
(not class.).
marry! interj. medius fidius, mehercle.
marsh, n. palus, -udis, f. ( = morass).
marshy, adj. paluster ( = swampy), co.enosus
( = miry), ulininosus ( = swampy).
mar
76o
mat
Marshal, I. n. use dux for field — ; s one
who directs the order of the feast, procession,
etc., ductor pompae. II. v.tr. instrulre, dis-
ponere.
mart, n. see Market.
martial, adj. militaris, bellicosus ; a — look,
oculi truces; — law, jus (between nations in a
state of war), or in the pi. jura belli, lex belli
(= tho laws of war) ; according to the — law,
jure or lege belli ; — law, in its theory, leges
militares.
martyr, I. n. martyr (Eccl.) ; to become
a — for, to die a — to a cause, pro alqd re
mortem occurnbfre. II. v.tr. alqm pro alqd re
■interficere. martyrdom, n. = death of a
martyr, martyrium (Eccl.). martyrology,
n. historia martyrum.
marvel, n. miraculum, portentum. marvel-
lous, adj. (pe.rjmirus, (ad)mirandus, mirificus,
stupendus, (ad)mirabilis (— astonishing, e.g. au-
dacia), ingeus, imnuinis. Adv. minim in moil um,
mire, mirifice, (ad)mirabiliter, stupendum in
nwdum (= in an astonishing manner), valde (=
very), veliementer (= violently).
masculine, adj. masculus, masculinus.
mash, I. n. farrago. II. v.tr. (con)tundere,
(con)terire.
mask, I. n. 1, = cover for the face, per-
sona (esp. on the stage), larva (—an ugly — ,
often used at puntomimes) ; to put on a —
(in a lit. sense), jrersonam sibi accommodare or
sibi aptare, personam induere ; to take anyone's
— oft', alci personam demcre, alcjs capiti personam
detrahere ; 2, tig. to have put on a different — ,
alienam personam ferre or ge re re, simulare alqd;
to unmask oneself, to take otf the — , simulatio-
nem deponfre ; to take off the — from a person
or thing, tu unmask, fig. alc-i or alci rei per-
sonam detain et reddcre suam (Sen.) ; to strip off
the — which anyone wears, and show him in his
real light, alqm nudare ; to retain the — of
friendship, speciem aruicitiae retinere; to betray
anyone under the — of friendship, alqm per
simulatiouem amicitiue prodere. II. V.tr. 1, lift
■personam alci aptare, personam alcjs capiti im-
ponire ; to — oneself, personam sibi accommo-
dare or sibi aptare, personam induere; se velare
( = to cover oneself with a veil) ; 2, fig. tegire
(— to cover ; with anything, alqd re), occultare
(= to conceal, e.g. one's intentions, ineeplum
suum).
mason, n. 1, structor (= builder), faber
(= carpenter), caementarius ; 2, a free — , * IcM-
mus. masonry, n. slructura (caementicia).
masquerade, n. convivivm a convivis per-
sonalis celehratum. masquerader, n. homo
personatns.
mass, I. n t massa, moles, -is, f., summit (= the
whole) ; a great — , magnum pondus, -eris, n.,
magna copia or vis alcjs rei ; in the — , per satur-
ate ; — of people, m ultitudo, frequentia ; see Con-
course,. \sse ,iblv. II. v.tr. colligere (= collect),
(ac)cwnularc (_— — together); see Collect, AC-
CUMULATE, massive, adj. 1, solidus (= dense),
magnus (= great), gravis (= heavy) ; 2, tig. of
character (e.g. simplicity), gravis, massive-
ness, n. 1, by ailj. ; 2, gravitas.
mass, n. = Catholic service, * missa.
massacre, I. n. etudes, -is, trucidatio, inter-
necio. II. v.tr. caedere, trucidare, trucidando
occulere (— to butcher); a great number of
enemies were — d, magna caeiies fugientium est
facta.
mast, n. .on ships, mains, f arbor mali ; the
— head, mains summus; lower end of the — ,
mains irnus.
mast, b. =£ fruit of the beech, glans fagea;
oak — , glans quema.
master, I. n. 1, as a title, dorninus (e.g. of
a learned man, vir doctissimus, illustrlssirnvs,
etc.) ; 2, = one who rules either men or busi-
ness, paterfamilias or fumiliae (or in one word,
paterfam-), hems (of the house, the former an
regards the family, the latter in reference to
the servants and the entire household), pos-
sessor (=one who possesses anything); the
young — of the house, filius herilis, fitius fu-
miliae (the latter with reference to the family,
the former as regards the servants) ; 3, =
lord, ruler, dorninus, princeps, -ipis, in. (the
first in a state, as opp. to dorninus), tyrannus
(rvpavvos, = ruler in the most absolute sense),
dynastes, -is, in. (Svi/ao-n)?, = potentate ; then
especially sovereign of a small principality) ; to
be — over anything or anybody, imperare alci
rei and alci, ]>otentem. esse alcjs rei (both lit. and
fig.) ; praeesse alci rei and alci (= to preside over,
in a lit. sense) ; Prov., like — , like man, plane
qualis dorninus talis et servus ; — of, potens witli
genit. ; to be — of anything, alqd in siul potestate
habere, alqm locum tenere ; to get — of, potiri
(in good prose, alqd re, alqd, alcjs Irei) potiri,
rerum potiri, to seize the government) ; 4, = the
— under whom a youth serves his apprenticeship,
magister, paterfamilias, hern* (Com.) ; 5, =
teacher, magister ; Q, of a man perfectly skilled
in any occupation, a — in anything, artifei-
(with the genit., especially with the genit. of
the gerund) ; antistes, -itis, m. and f., jrrinceps
alcjs rei (= one of the first, a man of importance
in anything), perfectus et absohdus in alqd re
(— perfect in any art or science), alqd re or in alqd
re excellere (= to be foremost, excel in anything) ;
Horace is a — in the art of portraying the
human character, Horatlus ad notandos hominum
mores praecipuus ; 7> fig. = — over oneself, sui
potens or compos ; — of arts, • magister liberalium
arlium (abbreviated M.A. or A.M.); — of the
ceremonies at court, comes, -itis, officiorttm,
magister ojficiorum or aulae (in gen.) ; at audien-
ces, levees, magister admissionum (all under
Roman emperors); — builder, architectus ;
piece, opus summo artificio factum; —ship,
= superior skill, summa alcjs rei j/eritia ; =
office of a guvei'nor, magislerium. II. v.tr. 1, =
to subdue, domare, vincere, supcrare ; see Subdue,
Conquer; to — all one's passions, contine're
omnes cupiditates ; the fire (the flames) was — ed,
vis flammae oppressa est ; 2, to — a tiling,
= to understand, intellegere {intellig-), discere
(= to learn), consequi (= to attain), alqd cogni-
tum habere, perspicere, alqa re' instructum ess*.
masterfUl, adj. insolens, superbus, contumar,
arrogans. Adv. insolenter,.superbe,coutumaciter,
arroganter. masterfulness, n. insolent iv,
superbia, contumacia, arrogantia. masterly,
adj. artificiosus ( = executed or executing with —
skill, of" persons and things), artifex (= of per-
sons), summd or singulari arte, summo artificio
factus, callidissimo artificio factus, singulari
opere arlfiicioque or politissimd arte perfectus
(==made in a — manner, of tilings) ; a speech
delivered in a — manner, oratio artis plena.
mastery, n. 1, = victory,- victoria; see also
Power ; 2, = attainment of eminent skill, to
obtain the — of a thing, pcrtlisdre ( = to learn a
thing accurately, thoroughly) ; see alsA Master,
I. 7, and II.
mastic, mastioh, u. mastidhe(Flin.), retina
lentlscina (Plin.).
masticate, n. manducarc, mandere. mas-
tication, n. use verb.
mastiff, n. perhaps canis Molossus.
mat, I. n. = texture of sedge, etc., storea or
mat
mat
Gloria, leges, -His, f., tegeticukt. XL v.tr. =*• toge-
ther, implicare.
match, n. for getting a light, sulphurata,
•OTUffi (Mart.), ij7>u'arnim(Pliu.) ; a — box, pyxis
or Dikf. (sulpliuralorum).
match, I. n. 1, = one's equal (in a contest,
etc.); a — for . . ., par alci or alci rei (opp.
impar); to be a — for anyone, alci parem esse
(e.g. bello), non inferiorem esse alqo ; to be a —
for a thing, alci rei parem (e.g. a business, nego-
tiis), alqd sustinere (e.g. a burden, a load,
moleni); 2, = contest, certamen; 3, see Mar-
riage. II. v.tr. — oneself with, cum alqo in
certamen descendire, congredi cum alqo (= to
try one's strength against anyone, e.g. in a duel),
parem esse alci, non inferiorem esse alqo ; =
to compare, ucquare alqm and alci rei or
alqd; = to suit, adaequare, exaeqnare alqd cum
olqd re or alci rei ; = to join, (con)jungire,
copulare cum alqd re. III. v.intr. = to lie like,
alci rei ■ similem ■ or parem esse, matchless,
adj.- singularis, incomparabilis . (Plin.) mucus,
praestans (or in superl. praestanlissimus), egrc-
gius; see Excellent. match-maker, n.
nwptiarum conciliator, -trix.
mate, I. n. 1, = one that eats at the same
table, mess—, convictor (= one who constantly
associates and lives, eats and drinks with
another), sochis (= companion), conju(n)x ( =
husband or wife) ; 2, in a merchant ship
or ship of war, (sub mugistro) nautis praeposi-
tus. II. v.tr. 1, in chess, 0/9111 vincere or ad
incitas redigcre ; 2, in gen., see Match II.
material, I. adj. 1, = consisting of matter,
not spiritual, corporens ; the spirit is not — ,
mens ab omni mortali concreti'mc segrcgata est ;
2, = not trivial, substantial, — point, res (opp.
sententia, argnmentum) ; — gain, lucrum, quaes-
ius, -us; — wants, indigentia, inopia (as the
want felt); — pleasure, volupkis. Adv. 111 omni
genere (= in all respects), mvltum valde (=
greatly), reirera) (= really). II. n. = anything
composed of matter, materia (materies, lit. and
fig.), res (= what is — , opp. verba), silva (often
quasi silva ; in a tig. sense, plenty of — , e.g.
primvm silva rerum ac sententiarum comparanda
est); the — for a rampart, agger, -ens, m. ; a
stock of — and of words, copia rerum et ver-
lorum; to collect —3, silvam rerum comparare;
to leave — s about anything historical, in
commenturiis alqd. reli.n quire ; — s for war, belli
apparatus, -us. materialism, n. opinio corum
qui nihil in naturd esse statuunt nisi corpora.
materialist, 11. qui nihil in rerum naturd
esse statu it nisi corpora.
maternal, adj. maternus ; — feelings, ani-
mus maternus; — affection, love, amor maternus,
amor matris orga liberos, matema indulgentia
(= — indulgence), maternity, n. animus ma-
ternvi; see also above.
mathematical, adj. mathemuticus, accu-
ralus, certus (fig., = exact, accurate, certain); —
calculation, muthematiannm ratio ; to infer with
— exactness, necessarid mathematicorum ratione
concludere. alqd; with — certainty, eertissimus.
Adv. by adj. mathematician, n. mathe-
maticus, or by cii'cumloc, mathematicarum ar-
tiumperitus. mathematics, n. mathematics,
•ae (SenA
' matins, n. matulinae preces, -urn (- morn-
ing prayer).
matricide, n. 1, matricidium (=the crime);
2, matricida, 111. and f. (= the person).
matriculate, v.tr. (a student), alqm civi-
tati academicae or in civitatem academiram a(d)-
scribere. matriculation, n. see Rbove.
matrimony, n. matrimonium ; see MaK>
riage. matrimonial, adj. 6ee Conjugal,
Connubial.
matron, n. matrona; — of a workhouse,
etc., custos, -odis, procuratrn. matronly,
adj. matronalis.
matter, n. 1, (= substance excreted from liv-
ing animal bodies), pus, puris, 11. (Cels.) ; full of
— ,purulcntus; 2, (= visible, tangible —),corjnis,
■oris, n.,rescorporeac, quae cerni tangique possunt ;
3, (in a more general and philosophical sense),
rerum nalura, principia rerum ex quibus omnia
constant ; 4, (= thing treated of), res, propositvm
(= that of which the speaker intends to treat) ;
that has nothing to do with the — , hoc nihil est
ad rem; to come to the — , ad propositum or (id
rem ipsam venire ; but let us return to the — in
hand (after a digression), jam ad instituta per-
gamns; (after an introduction) sed ad propositi' m
revertamus, or simply sed ad prop 'situm; but to
return to the — in hand, sed vt eo reverter, itnde
sum cgrcssus ; ut eoundc egressa est referat se
oratio ; to cut the — short, vt palicis dicam, vt
in pauca ennfernm, ne longum flat, ne langnx
sim; it is a difficult — to, etc., difficile est
(with infin. or with supine in -«) ; = material,
materia (materies), silva (often quasi silva) ;
= event, occurrence, res, res gesta ; = affair,
cause, res (in gen., also = disputed point in a
lawsuit, the lawsuit itself); ncgotium (=a busi-
ness to perform, engagement), cavs(s)" (in a
war, in a lawsuit, or in a literary discussion) ;
to meddle with the — s of other people, aliena
negotia curare; how is it with the — ? how do
— s stand ? quo loco res est. ? ut res se habet ? how
stands your — ? quomodo tibi res seliabct? the
— is settled, judicata res est ; concerning the — ,
quod rem or res spectat ; pith of the — ,res; —
of fact, factum ; what's the — ? quid or quidnam
est ? quid rei est ? quid acridit ? what's the —
with her? quid tristis est? (of one who seems
sorrowful), nuo morbo laborat ? (of one who is
ill); upon the whole — , denique; a small — ,
paul(l)ulum, aliqvantum. it matters, v.imp.
interest, re/e.rt ; with genit. if used of a person
to whom it matters ; but if tho person is ex-
pressed by a personal pronoun, we use the abl.
med, tud, nostrd, vestrd, e.g. to me it — s, med
interest or refert ; the thing in which we feel an
interest can never be expressed by a noun, but
must bo rendered with the acciiR. and infin.,
the simple infin., or by a relative clause (oblique
interrogation), or with ut ; how much it matters
is expressed by magnopcre, mag is, maxime,
minhne, mvltum, permullvm, plurimvm, nihil,
etc, or by the genit, of the value, e.g. magni,
permagni, "parvi, pluris, tanti, quanti, etc., e.g
it — s a great deal to me whether you are with
me or not (I am very anxious for you to be
present with me), maxime nostrd interest te esie.
nObiscum; at Rome, pennagni nostrd interest te
esse Romac.
matting, n. see Mat.
mattock, n. dalabra.
mattress, n. stragulum ; a — of goat's hair,
cilicinm.
mature, I. adj. 1, matuhts (= ripe, of full
age), tempestivus(= seasonable) ; 2, of judgment,
etc., consideratus, sapiens, miidens, sagax, per-
spicax, intelligent (iittellig-X Adv. mature (=
soon), tempestive (= seasonably), considerate,
sapi enter, vmdenter, sagaciter, inttilegcntcr (i«-
tellig-). II. v.tr. 1, = ripen, maturare, coquere,;
2, tig. parare, efficcre, fingcre ; see Devise, Pke-
tare. III. v.intr. matnrescire. mature-
ness, maturity, n. malnritas (= timeliness,
lit. and fig.); to bring to — , ad matuntatem
perducere (lit.) ; to come to — , maturescere (also
mat
767
mea
fig. = to be bruiight to a state' of perfection,
Plin.).
matutinal, adj. matutlnus.
maudlin, adj. see Drunken, Silly.
maul, v.tr. laedere (= injure).
maunder, v.intr. nugari.
mausoleum, n. mausoleum (Suet.); sec
Tomb.
maw, n. ingluvies, venter; see Stomach.
mawkish, adj. putidus. Adv. putide.
mawkishness, n. use adj.
maxim, p. dogma ({dy^o), or in pure Latin
decretum (= principle established by a philo-
sopher, doctrine), praeceplum (^ precept, where-
by we determine an action, a rule or any
doctrine, also said of a philosopher), institution,
sententkt (in gen. = an opinion founded upon
reasons), judicium (■=. conviction, anyone's view
of a matter, arrived at after mature considera-
tion), regula edejs rei or ad quam alqd dirigitur
(= rule, principle upon which we act in a
matter; never without the genit. of the object,
e.g. the same — applies with regard to gain, as,
etc., e.g. eadem utilitatis quae honestatis est
regula) ; lex (= law, stated rule, e.g. primam
esse hisloriae legem).
maximum, n. quod maximum est ; the —
gain, qvaeslus (-lis) maximus.
May, n. (mensis) Mains. May-day, n.
Kalcndae Muiae.
may, verb aux. 1, = to be possible ; see
Possible, Can ; 2, = to have physical power ;
see Able, Can ; 3, = to have moral power; see
Allow, Dare; 4, see Perhaps ; however, as no
precise mode in which this verb is to be rendered
can be stated, each person's individual judgment,
formed by attentive reading, must be the guide;
— . . . ever so, still, etc., tametsi . . . tameu ;
if — expresses a conjecture, it is rendered by
videri, e.g. yon — not be fully aware of his bold-
ness, parum perspexisse ejus viderisaudaciam ; he
— be twenty years old, viginti annos natus esse
videtur ; a thing that — be done, etc., or — in
forms of prayer and petition, should bo rendered
simply by the subjunctive mood, or sometimes
by the inf., e.g. he — go, eat ; somebody might
say, forsitau quispiam dixerit or forte aliquis
dicet (=; perhaps someone will say) ; however tney
— grumble, I shall say what I think, fremant,
dicam quod senlio ; whoever he — be, etc., qui-
cunque is est ; as fast as — be, quam celei-rime ;
you — for me, (per me) licet ; if I — 6ay so, si
Ma loqulordicere licet, sit venia verbi; — be, see
Perhaps.
mayor, n. urbis pratfcclus, -us (Suet.).
mayoralty, n. urbis praefectura.
maze, n. labyrinthus (qui itinerum ambages
occursusque ac recursus intxplicabilis continet,
Plin.). mazy, adj. inexplicabilis (Plin.), , in-
extricabilis.
mead, n. mulsum.
mead, meadow, n. pratum; belonging to,
growing on the*-^, pratensis ; — land, — ground,
pratum. meadowy, adj. viuita prata habens.
meagre, adj. 1, of flesh ; see Lean ; 2, as
in — eoil, exilis; see Barren; 3, — wauling
strength of diction, jejuuus, exilis, aridus. Adv.
jejune, eriliter. meagreness, n. 1, see Lean-
ness ; 2, exilitas; 3, jejunitas exilitas.
meal, n. farina (of wheat or any other
kind of grain) ; see Flour, mealy, adj. fari-
narius.
meal, n. in gen. dims (= food) ; epulae (=
banquet); properly only two among the Romans,
Yiz., the morning — , prandium ; and the chief
— of the day, tola (coen-), taken iu the decline at
the day. Besides these, the jentaculum, taken
on rising iu the morning, was a very slight
refreshment. The prandium was taken about
noon, hence elbum meridianum sumere. Between
the prandium and the cena the Romans some-
times took a luncheon (gustare). To take a — is
edlre, cibum capire, prandire, pmndium come-
dire, gustare (= to lunch), cenare, cenitare, epuluri
(= to feast, to banquet) ; to take a — at any-
one's table, accubare aprul alqm.
mean, adj. = low and unworthy, illiberalU,
sordidus (= unworthy a free man), ubjectus(=
Contemptible), turpi* (— base), improbus (= dis-
honest), of clothing, etc., sordidus ; of rank,
humilis, ignobilis, obscurus (= morally bad and
low), fucdus (= foul, of things) ; — plan, foedurn
consilium. Adv. illiberal iter, sordkle, abjecte,
abjecte et sine dignitate, turpiter, tnrpiter et
nequiter, foede. meanness, n. illiberal Has,
animus abjectus, improbitas, sordes, -(i)um, in-
dignitas; of rank, humilitas,ignobilitas, obscuri-
tas ; to bear all — es, omnes indignitaies (per)-
ferre ; to lead anyone to — , alqin ad ncquitiam
adducere ; I fear to commit a — , exlimescc ne
quid turpiter faciam.
mean, or medium, n. res media, modus ;
there is no — between peace and war, inter paeem
et bellum medium nihil est. means, n. = what-
ever serves to the attainment of an object, via,
ratio, consilium, faadtas, auxilium, ailjumcntvm;
a — which leads to your end, id quod eo quointen-
dasferl deducitque ; ways and — , via atque ratio ;
to select or take a — , rationem (or viam) t aire (or
11 ihil caper* or sequi) ; to try all — , omnia experiri,
nihil incxpcrlum omittfre ; to try the last — , ex-
trema experiri or audire, ad extrema (ad ultimum
auxilium) descendire ; to endeavour by all — , out-
ni ope atque operd eniti (with ut or ne) ; by fair — ,
recte; by fowl— , foede, turpiter; by all — ,omninn,
prorsus, plane; concessively, (ita) sane, rem,
utiquc ; by no — , neutiquam, haudquaquam,
minimc, nulla modo ; =• resources (see the
word), opes, facilitates, divitiae; I have" — to live,
habeo wide livam ; I have no — to, etc., ad alqd
perficiendum mihi desunt facilitates ; out of your
own — , tuis opibus, privato sumptu; by — of,
ope (or auxilio) alcjs, alqo jurante, per alqm; (if a
thing, the ablative alone is generally employed),
to mount the wall by — of ladders, scalis muntm
a(d)sccndere ; by participles, praeliis secundis
usns, =■ by — of successful engagements. If you
wish to represent a cause, operation, or occasion,
employ per; mulieres per aetatem ad pugnuvi
inutilis, = women useless for fight by — » (= on
account) of their age ; per se cognitus, by his
own — or efforts ; per Caeciliam agere, =» to carry
on by — of Caecilia ; eorum operd plebs con-
citata est, = by their — the people were stirred
up ; ejus bencjlcio in curiam venerant, — by his
— (or favour) they had entered the senate.
mean, v.tr. 1, = to have in contemplation,
velle, cogiture ; see Intend ;. 2, = to design with
reference to a future act, e.g. to — well to auy-
one, bond Jide agere cum alqo, aid bene velle, aki
cujifte (but never alci bene cupere iu this sousp),
alci favere, Comb, old favere ct cupgre ; alci
amicum esse, alci cupere et amicum esse : 3, = to
signify, dicire alqm or alqd, signijleare, desigilare,
denature, also with the addition oratione sua (=
to allude to anyone in one's speech, words) ; I
— Ililarns, Jiiiarum dieo ; intellegcre (intcllig-,
= to understand by), what does he — ? quid sibi
vult ? what does he — by these words? quid sibi
vult haec oratio? quid sibi volunt verba ista ? =
to be a sign for expressing an idea, signijicare, de-
clarare, sonare (lit. to sound), valere (= to contain
such and such a meaning) ; this word (the word
mea
768
mee
hecco) — s the bill of a cock, id gallinacei rostrum
valet, meaning, n. 1, — that whicli exists in
the mind (e.g. yes, that is my — , mihi vero sic
placet, sic hoc mihi vidctur ; see Intention,
wish, Opinion ; 2, see Purpose, Aim ; 3, =
signification, significalio (of a word), vis (=
force of an expression!, sententia (=the idea
whicli tho person speaking attaches to a certain
word), notio (= original Idea of a word ; see
Idea), iutellectus, -us (how a word is to be
understood, post Aug. t.t, Quint.) ; it is neces-
sary to fix the — of the verb "to be in want
of,' Mud cicutiendum est, quid sit caklke ; to
give a — to a word, verbo vim, sentrutiam,
notionem sub[j)ic?re ; well- — , see Benevo-
lent.
meander, v.intr. flexuoso cursu flue're.
measles, n. 1, = disease in man, "morbilli
(t.t.) ; 2, = disease in pigs, * hydatis finna (not
class.).
-measurable, adj. quod meiiri possumtis.
measurableness, n. render by adj. mea-
sure, I. n. 1, mensura ( = that by which
extent oi' dimension is ascertained, lit. and
tig., in an abstract and concrete sense), modus
( = proportion, limit as to how far a person ought
or is allowed to go), moderation = moderation) ;
weights and — s, mensurae, et pondera, -urn (Plin.) ;
to take the — of anything, mensuram alcjs rei in-
ire; with full — ,plenomodio, cumulate; according
to the — of.'.pro mofio, jiro ratione (but generally
by pro with ablat., according to, e.g. pro viribus
agere, pro se quisqiie, i.e. everyone according to
his strength); beyond — , out of all — , sine
motlo, praetcr or extra or supra modum, immodice,
immculerule, majorem in motlum ( = beyond the
URUal — ), nimis ( = too much), admodum ( = ex-
ceedingly), longe (=by far, with RliperL, e.g. longe
omnium maximus), sic vt nihil supra possit, adco
v.1 nihil supra ; in such a — , hoc modo, tali modo,
sic; in some — , alqo modo, alqd ratione, alqd ex
parte, alqd, nonnlhil ( = somehow, in some way ;
this relieves me in some — , me res alqd sublevat);
in a certain — , quodam modo ; also when it
modifies an expression, by ut ita dicam, quasi,
quidam with the word the meaning of which it
modifies (e.g. all arts have ir- «nme — a common
tie, amnes artes habent quoddam commune vincu-
lum) ; in such a — as, prout ; — for — , par pari,
re/erre or respondlrt ; 2, = steps taken, ratio
(= mode of acting), consilium (= plan), remedium
(= remedy); a wise — , consilium prudens; to take
a — , rationrm inire, consilium capere ; to take
— accoiding to time and circumstances, con-
silium pro tempore et pro re capire ; to take good,
practical or effective — , bonis consiliis uti ; to
take joint — , consilia communicare ; 3, in music,
modi, Humeri; see also Metre. II. v.tr. 1, =
to ascertain extent, degree, (di)metiri, emetiri,
permetiri, mensuram alcjs rei inire; 2, = to
ascertain the degree of anything (e.g. of heat),
emetiri; 3, = to travel over, emetiri; see Pass,
v.tr. ; 4, = to judge of distance, etc., by any-
thing (also fig. = to judge by, etc.), (di)metiri
alqd alqd re; 5, = t'o adjust, proportion, lit.
metiri ; fig. =; to determine the ratio of one
thing to another, alqd dirigere ad ulqm rem nr
alqd re ; with what judgment ye judge, ye shall
be judged, and with what — ye mete, it shall be
measured to you again, in quo juilirio jvdicaver-
itis, jud icabimini , et in qndmensuici mensifurritis,
remetietnr vobis (Vulgate). III. v.intr. render by
magnititdine esse (with genit. ,e.g. quinque pedum).
measured, adj. see Moderate, measurer,
n. qui metitur, mensor. measureless, adj.
immensus, infinites, measurement, n. men-
sio (=the act), mensura (= the maimer); see
Measure, measuring-rod, n. decempeda.
meat, n. 1, = anything eaten by man 61'
beast, see Food; 2, = flesh, caro, -nis, f . ; a
small piece of — , caruncula ; a piece of least — ,
coro assa or assum, with distinguishing adj. (e.g.
assum vitulinum = veal); boiled — , caro elixa ;
cooked — , caro coda ; salt — , caro sale, conspersa
or conditanea ; horse — , eqnorum pabulum ( —
food for the horses); — market, macellnm
( = general market).
mechanic, n. faber. opifex. mechanical,
adj. machinalis (Plin.), mcchanicus (Aul. Gell.),
organicus (architectural term) ; to possess —
skill, manibus exercitatum esse. Adv. sine mente
ac ratione. mechanics, n. as a science,
scientia machinalis ( = knowledge of — , me-
chanical science, Plin.). mechanism, n.
machinatio.
medal, n. nummus in memoriam alcjs rei
cusus (to commemorate an event), medall-
ion, n. clipeus or clipeum (hi the form of a
shield) ; see also Medal.
meddle, v.intr. see Interfere, meddler,
n. ardelio (Phaed., Mart.), homo imporlunus,
molestHs. meddling, adj. see Inquisitive.
mediaeval, adj. ad medium aerutu or ad
patrum tempore pertinents.
mediate, I. adj. opp. to immediate ; in
philosophy, causes so termed are thus discri-
minated by Cicero, caus(s)urnm aliae. sunt adju-
vantes, aliae proximae, of causes, some are
mediate, others immediate. Adv. per eaus(s)as
adjvvantes. II. v.intr. se interponcre. ad alqd
faciendum; see also Reconcile. III. v.tr. —
a peace, pucem conciliare. mediation, ri.
use deprecator (e.g. we deprecatore, by my — ).
mediator, n. qui se (or av.Horitatem suam)
intcrponit, arbiter, qui arbitri partes agit or siis-
tinet, interpret, -etis (= one who, as a translator,
represents the interests of his party), conciliator
alcjs rei ( = he who brings about an object, e.g.
a marriage, conciliator nuptiarum), deprecator(\n
gen.).
medicable, adj. see Curable, medical,
adj. fmedicus, medicinus, medicinalis ; — pro-
perties, by vis medendi ; — man, medicus (in
gen.), medicament, medicine, n. 1,
medicina, medicamev{tvm), remedium (as a
remedy for some complaints, ad, contra alqd) ;
counteracting — , antidvtos (antidolum) ; per-
taining to — , medicinalis ; 2, = medical science,
medicina, ars medicinalis, ars medendi ; to
practise — , medicinam exercere. medicine-
bottle, n. poculum (— cup), medicine-
box, n. narthecium, pyxis. medicinal,
adj. saluber, salntaris. Adv. remedio (dat. = as
a remedy).
mediocre, adj. mediocris. mediocrity,
n. mediocritas.
meditate, v.intr. 1, eogitare, meditari, com-
mentari ; see Think; 2, see Intend, medi-
tation, n. cogitatio, commentatio, meditatio,
comb, commentatio atque meditatio ; see Thought.
meditative, adj. by adv. attento animo, in
cogitutionc dejixus.
medium, n. a middle course, fig. media con-
silia, -oruia, media consilii via ; to pursue a — ,
mediam consequi consilii viam, medium quandam
sequi viam ; see Means.
medlar, n. mespilum ; — tree, mespilus, f.
(Plin.).
medley, n. farrago (Juv.), colluvio rcrum,
so too colluvio omnium scelerum.
meed, n. praemium ; see Reward.
meek, adj. demissvs, modestus, verecundus.
Adv. mod'este, rereennde, meekness, n. animus
demissus, modestia, verecundia.
moe
769
men
meet, adj. see Fit, Proper, Useful.
meet, I. v.tr. 1, alci occurrire, obviam
venire, obvium se dare, obvium esse, obvittm or
obvium fieri, (obviam) se offcrre (all in gen. =
to — a poison). congredX cum alqo (of two
meeting ouch . other on the way), offenders
alqm, incidere alci or in alqm (accidentally), (in-
proviso alci incidere (unexpectedly), obviam ire
(intentionally) ; somebody — s me on Die road,
se inter viam offert alqs ; — to go to — , obviam'
ire (out of politeness, or from hostile motives),
occur rere, occursare, obviam procedure, obviam
venienti procedure, obviam venire or progredi,
obviam egredi (all with dat. ; in Plant. andTer.);
= to come together in any place, invenire,
reperirs alqm (or alqd, = to Anil anyone whom
we wish to see), offenders alqm (or alqd, = acci-
dentally, unexpectedly to fall upon anything
or upon a person \ nancisci ( = to — acci-
dentally, to catch, e.g. anyone alone, without
a witness, alqm sine arbitris), convenire alqm (=
to — anyone by appointment to whom we wish
to speak) ; to he met (e.g. he can be met at,
etc.), inveniri, reperiri ; to he met at a certain
place, frequentare locum; 2, fig. = to encounter
(e.g. to — danger), periculo obviam ire, se offcrre,
se opponcre, se committere ; to — deut!\ morion
oppctere, morti se offerre or se ol>(j)icerc; = to
receive with kindness (e.g. to — anyone's views),
consent ire de alqd re; to — kindly, to — half-
way, urlianum or liberalem se praebere alci. II.
v.intr. 1, of two persons, inter se obvios esse,
inter se congredl or convenire, concurrire inter se
(accidentally) ; to — by appointment, congrcdi
cum alqo, convenire alqm (e.g. on the road, e.r
itinere) ; cmfiuere (in large numbers), concurrire,
oonvolare ( = to hasten together) ; 2, of lines,
circumstances, etc., convenire; 3, = to — in a
hostile manner, (infer se) couci<rre>e (of bodies,
and of those who light), (inter se) congredl (in a
single combat, and of troops), signa inter se con-
ferre, cum infestis signis concurrire (of two
armies), collidi inter se (of two ships), meet-
ing, n. = assembly, congressio, conventus, -us
(=■ a friendly — ), coctus, -us (coit-) (= a gather-
ing), concurs its, -us, concursio (= any coming
together); a large, numerous — , ecleber con-
ventus, celebritas (— a gathering of many per-
sons at a place), frequentia ( — a — that is
well attended), meeting house, n. 1, con-
veniendi locus, locus quo conveniunl ; 2, aedes,
-ium.
melancholy, melancholic, I. adj. 1, =
hypochondriacal, melanckolicus (jxeAayxoAiKos);
2, lig- tristis (= sorrowful, also of things, e.g.
countenance), mnestus (= downcast, opp. to lae-
tus). II. n. = hypochondria, aim bilis, or the
Greek neKayxokia, in Cic, e.g. Graeci volunt illi
quidem, sed parum valent verbo ; quem nos fur-
orem, fi.e\ay\oAlav illi vacant; quasi vero atra
bile solum mens, ac -non saepe vel iracuiulid gra-
viore, veltimore, vel dolore moveattir ; =: sorrow-
ful disposition, tristitia, maestitia.
melee, n. concursus, -us(=z charge), or pugna,
praelium (— battle).
melliferous, adj. t mellifer. melliflu-
ence, n. mcl (e.g. Homerioi seuis mella, = the —
of Homer, Plin. Min.). mellifluent, mel-
lifluous, adj. mellitus.
mellow, I. adj. 1, of fruit, mitts, mollis
(= mild, soft ; mollis also of meat) ; of wine,
lenis (Ter.), mollis (Verg.) ; = ripe, maturus,
comb, maturus el coctus ; 2, fig. sapiens, sagax,
vrudens; see Wise, Sagacious. II. v.tr. coquere.
III. v.intr. maturescire.
melodious, adj. Canorus,80n6ru$, numerosus
(= harmonious, tuneful, of a speech and of the
25
speaker), numerose auleus (= with graceful
periods, of a speech). Adv. numerose. melodi-
ousness, n. use adj. (e.g. — of the voice, vox.
Minora), melody* n. modus, modulus (Plin.),
melos, -/, n., cantus, -us; — and time, canlus
numerique ; — of the voice, vocis moilulatio.
melodrama, n. drama mueicum. melo-
dramatic, adj. mirificus; see Wonderful.
melon, n. melo (Plin.).
melt, I. v.tr. 1,= to make liquid, liquidumfa-
cire, liquefadre, dissolve" re, irc$olvire(-=to dissolve
snow, pearls, nivem, margaritas, etc.), diht£re(~
to dilute, e.g. a pearl in vinegar, baceam aceto);
2, ~ to soften to tenderness, alcjs mentcm ad
misericordiam revocare, alqm ad misericord ium
vocare or adducire (~ to move to compassion).
II. v.intr. 1, = to become liquid, to — away,
liqucscere, liquefieri, dissolvi, tabescere (of snow,
then fig. of man, e.g. from desire, desiderio,
from love, amore); 2, fig. to — into tears, in
lacrimas effundi ; 3, — to lose substance (e.g.
corporeal things —as breath into the wind),
dilabi (= gradually to — so as to disappear).
melting, adj. by adv. mollis el delicat us (of
sounds, e.g. quanta molliores sunt et delicatiores
in cantu flexiones) ; see also Piteous.
member, n. 1, membrum, arlut, -us (both of
the body) ; see Limb ; 2, = part of a discourse
or of a verse, a clause, membrum (e.g. of the
body, of a speech), pars (— part of a whole, = a
part which is a whole by itself) ; articulus (or-
ticulus dicilur cum singula verba intervallis die-
tinguuntnr, Cic), incisio, incisum (iconna = part
of a sentence), membrum (= a greater part of a
sentence, KcoAor, e.g. quae Graeci (cdfi/ioTo et
Ku>Aa nnminant, nos recte incisa et membra diet-
mils); 3,= an individual of a community or
society; a — of a council, senate, vir or homo
lenatorius, senator; — of a community, civil ;
— of a race, gcntilis; — of a family, homo de
alcjs stirpe ; — of a society, socius, sodalis, -is,
m. ; see Part, membership, n. render by
circumloc. with member.
membrane, n. membrana.
memoir, n. a private — , dicta factaque alcjs,
memoria (— tradition, narrative) ; an historical
— , commentarii ; Socrates' — , as Xenophon gives
them, eu quae a Socrate dicta Xenojmon retulit.
memorable, adj. = worth mentioning, (com)-
memorabilis (raro), memoroUu dinnus = deserving
to be handed down to posterity, memoria dig-
itus, memorabilis, memoriae prodendus ; insignia
(=. of special note) ; no — event occurred, nihil
memoria dignum actum; this year will be — on
this account, hie annus insignis erit luic re.
memorandum, n. = remark, see Note ; =
list of goods, index, -icis, m. and f. ; =a sign
whereby to remember anything, nota (= charac-
teristic, a mark made with the pen ; to make a —
with chalk against anything, cretd notare alqd);
— book, adversaria, -orum (= waste-book, day-
book), memorial, I. n. monument urn; a — in
writing, lit(t)erarummonumenta, -orum, Ut(t)erae.
II. adj. — coin, uummus in memoriam alcjs
cusus ;' — column, cippus. memoirs, n. com-
mentarii. memory, n. memoria, recordatio
(= recollection) ; to keep in — , memorid /enei-e
alqd; to the — of, in memoriam alcjs ; fiom — ,
ex memorid, memoriler ; to commit to — , alqd
memoriae mandare, edisclre ; In the — of man,
post hominum viemoriam ; to hand down to — ,
memoriae tradire, or prodire.
menace, v. and n., and menacing, adj.
and [adv., see Threaten, Threat, Threaten-
ing.
menagerie, n. vivarium- fcporai-iion (both
= preserve), or ferae sueptis (sept-) inclusae.
men
770
files
Friend, I. V.tr. i, = to repair, reficere, rcjmrare,
feconcln nare(=to — again what was whole before),
()f)sttrci'rc(=to patch up anything damaged, or
that is torn to pieces, a tub, house, roof, coat,
etc.), emendare, corrigcre (= to free a written
treatise from mistakes); 2, llg. emendare, corri-
gcre; = to — one's life, mores suos nurture ; to
— one's pace, gradum addire. II. v.intr. 1,
physically, (ex niorbo) convalescire ; 2, = to im-
prove, melius ire (e.g. things — , res menus it).
mendacious, adj. mendax. Adv. falso, per
mendacium. mendacity, n. mendacium; see
Lie.
mendicancy, mendicity, n. mendicitas,
egestas (= needlness), comb, cgestas ac meiulicitas
(all = beggary), mendicant, adj. mendicus;
see Beg, Beggar.
menial, I. adj. 1, = pertaining to domestic
servants, servllis ; 2, tig. senilis, humilis,
sordidus, illiberalis. II. n. see Servant,
Domestic.
menstrual, adj. menstruus.
mensuration, n. dimensio ( = measuring),
ars metiendi ; see Surveying.
mental, adj. by the genitives animi, ingenii;
— gifts, animi facilitates (— talents), ingenium
(= natural talent) ; to possess excellent — gifts,
ingenio valere, ingenio abundare (= to abound
in), praestantissimo ingenio praedihim esse (= to
be endowed with excellent — gifts) ; — debility,
morbus animi or mentis, acgritudo animi (as
affliction, etc.). Adv. mente, anime, cogitatione.
mention, I. n. commemoratio (when the idea
existed already in the mind previously), mentio
(in reference to tho idea in general, whether
quite now or — ed a second time) ; to make —
of a matter, mentionem facire alcjs rei. II. v.tr.
(com)mcmorare alqd, alcjs rei mtminisse (= to re-
member, if anyone shows by his words that he
has not forgotten a thing, also to — in anything
written), comb, meminisse et commemorare ; men-
tionem facire alcjs rei or de alqd re (= to make
— of) ; to — accidentally, or in passing, (casu)
in mentionem alcjs rei incidere; to — frequently,
mentionem alcjs rei agitare, crcbro or crcbris
sermonibus alqd itsurpare ; not to — that, etc.,
tit omittam or ne dicam, quod, etc. ; not to
— all these things, omissis his rebus omni-
bus; above — ed, de quo (qua) supra com-
memoravimus, quern (quam, quod) supra commemo-
ravimns or diximus, quern (quam, quod) stqrra
scripsi, qui (quae, quod) supra script us (-a, -um)
est, de quo (qua) a nobis autca dictum est, cnjus
supra mem.inim.ua, also simply by ille; as we have
— ed above, before, ut supra dictum est, ut supra
scripsi or scriptum est ; see State, Declare.
mentor, n. see Adviser.
mephitic, n. mephiticus (late), foelidus.
mercantile, adj. mercutorius, generally by
the genit. mcrcatoris or mcrculorum (= of the
merchants); or by rommerciiini, mercatnra (e.g.
mereutnrasfacere, = to be engaged in — transac-
tions) ; see Commercial, mercenary, adj.
mercenarius (= for hire, e.g. testis = a paid
witness, miles = — soldier), (mercede or prctio)
conduetus ; quucstuosus( = eager for gain), uvurus
( = avaricious), rcnalis (= readily bribed), mer-
cer, n. = general dealer in cotton, etc., tuber-
■narius (= shopkeepers in general), qui pannos
vendit or venditat (= a hosier in a small way).
merchandise, n. 1, = goods, men, -cis, f.,
res venules ; 2, = commerce, commerciiim, mcr-
catura, negotia, -orum. merchant, n. merca-
tor. merchantman, n. navis mercatoria
(Plaut.), or onerariu, also simply onerariu.
mercurial, adj. 1, by circuml. with iher>
cury; 2, fig. mobilis, Hois, mercury, n. 1,
thegod, Mercurius; 2, the planet, Stella Mcrcurii,
Mercurius; 3, the metal, argentum vivum (Pliu.).
mercy, n. miscricordia, dementia, munsuc-
tudo, renia (= pardon), lenitus (= mildness).
merciful, adj. miseneors, clemens, mansuetus,
exorabilis ( = easily entreated), lenis, mitis. Adv.
elementer, munsucte. merciless, adj. immise-
ricors, inexorabilis, immitis, inclemcns, inhu-
manvs, crudelis, durus, atrox, saevus, ferrens ;
see Cruel. Adv. inclementer, inhumane, crude-
liter, duriter (dure), atrociter, sacre. merci-
lessness, n. inctementia, inhumanitas, duritia
(durities), crudelitas, atrocitas, saevitia; see
Cruelty.
mere, adj. merits (= not mixed, opp. mixtus,
in prose generally only in reference to wine, then
also = nothing but), solus, units (— sole) ; also
by ipse (before the noun, e.g. by the — sight, ipso
aspectu); in a wider sense, by merus (in good
prose only of things); — trifles, merae vitgae;
not to be able to sleep with — joy, prae magna
gavdio somnum capere non posse. Adv. (tantum)-
modo, solum, tantum; see Only.
meretricious, adj. 1, see Unchaste; 2,
fig. of style, fucatus.
merge, v.tr. 1, see Dip; 2, see Mix,
Mingle.
meridian, I. n. in astron. circulus meridi-
amis; = the highest point, see Height, Sum-
mit. II. adj. vteridianus.
merit, I. n. 1, = excellence which claims
reward, dignitas, virtus (= excellence); accord-
ing to — , pro merito, merito, pro dignitute; 2, =
value (applied to things), cxccllcntiu, praestanlia ;
see Excellence, Value, Worth ; 3, sec
Reward ; to make a — of necessity, necessituti
parcre. II. v.tr. see Deserve, merited,
adj. mcritus, debitus, comb, meritus ac debitus.
meritorious, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. laude
digitus, laudabilis, or, that is a very — act of
yours, hue re ojitime meruisti) ; to act in a —
manner, bene merere ; towards any body, de aTqo.
Adv. bene, optimc.
merle, n. mcrula.
mermaid, n. nymplia quae fuciem mulieris
et piscis candam habet.
merriment, n. hilaritas, alacritas, lasciria,
animus hilaris (= merry disposition, mood).
merry, adj. hilarus, hilaris, luscivus (= frolic-
some), festivus ; see Gay. Adv. hilariter, hil-
are, festive, merry-andrew, n. homo jocosus,
ridiculus, coprea (— jester), sannio (= mimic,
and in gen. sense), scurra (— droll), merry-
making, n. voluptas ; see Pleasure, Feast.
mesh, n. macula, meshy, adj. rcticu-
latns.
mesmerize, v.tr.
somnum old inducere.
merist, n. use verb.
mess, I. n. 1, = portion of food, cibus or
some special n. (e.g. a — of veal, euro vilnli-
»ii) ; 2, = common meal, convivium ; 3, =
soldiers dining together, use convivae, sodales,
•item. II. v.intr. cenare (coen-). messmate,
n. convivn, m. and f., sodalis, m. and f.
mess, n. 1, = dirt, squalor, illuvies,
paedor, sordes, -ium, f. ; see Filth ; 2, fig. res
afflictac, perturbatio or confu<sio rerum ; his
affairs arc in a — , pessime cumillo agitur; see
Trouble.
message, n. nuntius, mandutum. legatio
(of an ambassador, e.g. to undertake a —
to anyone, legationcm ad alqm suscipere), or by
mittci-c (e.g. the reason of the — sent was, euvs-
manuvm contrectatione
mesmerism, mes-
ta^s
in
mil
(s)a miltendi erat); see Answer, Kefort ; to
send a — , alqrn certiorem facere alcjs rei or dc
ulqd re. messenger, n. 1, nuntius (nunc-)
(as bearer of a piece of news, by word of mouth ;
fern, nuntia), tabcllarius (= letter-carrier) ; to
inform anyone by letter or by a — , perlit(t)eras
nutper nuutium certiorem facere alqm ; 2, in a
political sense, nuntius (= — in general), Ugatus
(= ambassador, deputy); 3, — of a court of
law, viator, apparitor (= usher).
Messiah, n. Mcssias, -ae (Eccl.).
metal, n. melallum (in gen.), aes, aeris, n.
(=coppcr, brass, bronze); like— ,ineU.dlo or aeri
similis. metallic, adj. metallicus (Plin., in
gen.), aereiis, a(h)eaeus (= of brass), metalli-
ferous, adj. f metalli/cr. metallurgy, n.
use ars metallica ; sec Mine.
metamorphose, v.tr. mutare in alqd ; see
Transform. metamorphosis, n. meta-
morphosis (only as title of Ovid's poem, vt
Ovidius lascivire in Metamoiyhosi soltt, Quint.) ;
use verb.
metaphor, n. and adj. translatio, verba
translata, Cic, modus transferendi, metaphora
(post Aug. ; Quint, states it to be a Greek term,
translatio quae metaphora Grax.ce dicitur). meta-
phoric, adj. translatus. Adv. by translatis
verbis (e.g. to speak) ; to use a word — , verbum
trunsferre; see Figurative.
metaphysic, metaphysical, adj. meta-
physicus (not class.). metaphysics, n.
metaphysial, -ae (not class.) ; where possible use
ph iiosopli ia.
mete, v.tr. see Measure.
metempsychosis, n. animarum ab aliis
post mortem ad alios transitu).
meteor, n. fax (caelcstis). meteoric, adj.
by ciicmiiloc. meteoric-stone, meteoro-
lite, meteorite, n. lapis qui caelo deddit.
method, n. ratio, via, comb, ratio et via,
via ct ratio (= the particular — which we follow
in anything), modus (= mode in which anything
is done) ; — of teaching, docendi, disserendi ratio,
docendi modus (= manner of explaining a thing).
methodic, methodical, adj. by circumloc.
with ratio, ratio et via. Adv. ratione ct via, via
ctratione (— according to a particular method),
artijicio et via, via et arte (= according to the
rules of art).
metonymio, metonymical, adj. (im)-
mutatus. Adv. verbis mutatis, immutatis (e.g.
U> speak); to use an expression — , verbum mu-
tiny, immutare, verbum pro verba (or verba pro
verbis) quasi submutare. metonymy, n. im-
mutatio, verba mutata, denominatio or metonymia
(better written as Greek, tieruiw^ia).
metope, n. metopa, intertignium,
metre, n., as regards poetry, = short and
longsyllablesinver.se, nigrum (Quint.), met-
rical, adj. mctricus.
metropolis, n. caput; see Capital, met-
ropolitan, I. adj. by cireumloc. with caput.
II. n. episcopus mctropolitanus (Eccl.).
mettle, n. audacia (= boldness), ferocitas (=
high spirit); — of youth, fervor adolescentiae,
fervor juvenilis ; man of — , homo fleer, homofer-
■vidioris animi; see Courage, mettlesome,
adj. audax,ferox; see Courageous.
mew, I. n. = a cage for hawks, eavat,
II. v.tr. to shed (e.g. a hawk) ; see Moult.
mews, pi., see Stable.
mew, v.intr. (of a cat) perhaps vagire (used
of young goats or hares).
miasma, n. nozius terrae halitus, -us (Plin.).
mica, n. phengites (lapis) (Plin., Suet.).
microcosm, n. * microcosmus (or in Greefc
fuxpoKoaytos).
microscope, n. * microscopium (as t.t.j.
microscopic, adj. (i.e. very small), minimus,
mini qutidam corporis exiguitate.
midday, n. meridits, tempus meridianum ;
about — , ad meridiem ; at — , uieridie, tempore
meridiano, meridianis temporibus; before — T ,
forenoon, dies antemeridiauus, tempus untemeri-
dianum, ante meridiem, tempore autemcriduinoj
after — , afternoon, dies postmeridianus (or pa-
meridiauus). midland, adj. mediterrdneus.
midnight, n. media nox ; at — , media node,
concubid nocte(=s.t the dead of night); shortly
after — ,demcdiCt novle^ midriff, n. diaphragma,
■atis, n. (very late), or written as Greek Sid-
4>payna (Cels.), praecordia, -ium. midst, prep.
in, inter, vicdius, in medio ; in the — of the pre-
paration for war, in ipso appandu belli ; so in
ipso itinere, in the — of the march ; — of dinner,
inter ceuandum (coen-) ; see Middle, midsum-
mer, n. media or summa aestas. midway,
adv. medius ; — between, medius inter, mid-
wife, n. obstctrix. midwinter, n. bruma.
midden, n. sterquilinium ; see Dunquill. ;
middle, adj. and n. (between two), medius.
The Latins used medius in concord with its
nouns, e.g. in the — of the slaughter, media cacchs
(lit. = the — slaughter ; so we employ mid, e.g.
midnight, media nox); so media acics, == the
— of the army ; the king was in the — , medius
omnium rex end; to strike in the — , medium
ferire ; to seize by or round the — , medium alqm
(or alqd) arripere ; the — class (or social con-
dition), ordo plebeius (opp. to palres, cquites),
plebs, pffltia, f. middling, adj. medtocris.
mien, n. (oris) habitus, -us, lineamenta,
■orum (= features), comb. Itabitus oris liuea-
mentaque, os (oris, n.) et vultus, -its (= face ana 1
looks), fades (= countenance).
might, I. n. = bodily strength, vis, via, f..,
ops, -is, f. (sing, only in genit., accus., and ablat.,
= physical means), robur, -oris, n., n'ervjL
(= muscles, as seat of the physical strength),;
with all one's — , omni vi, summd vi, omni ope,
omnibus viribus or opibus or vervis, omnibus
viribus atque opibus, omnibus opibus ac nervls ;
— is right, fortiori cedendum est. II. v.intr.
poteram, potuissem, or by imperf. sub), (e.g. I —
go, irem, = I was permitted, licuit mihi with
inlln., ut, or simple subj.); seo Mat. mighty,
adj. potens, validus; see Powerful, Stroso.
Adv. magnopcre, voids, sttmmti vi, vehementer.
migrate, v.intr. = to remove from one
country to anofcher, abire, discedere (= In gen. to
go away from a place), projicisci (= to set off ; of
soldiers, to march), migrare, emigrate (from a
place, ex, etc. ; to, in, etc.), demigrare (from,
dc or <e.r, etc.) ; e terra execdere, solum mutare or
rertcrc (= to leave one's own country, csp. of an
exile), migration, n. mulatto loci, migra-
tory, adj. by (de)migrare, vagari (= to rove),
hue illuc migrant (=to change one's abode very
often), by the genit. nomddum ; — bird, advena
avis or volucris.
milch, adj. lac habots; — cow, vacca (quae
lac pracbet) ; see Milk.
mild, adj. 1, of the taste, mollis (= soft for the
tongue and the palate, opp. acer, = harsh, of food
in gen.), mills (= not tart, of fruit that is quite
ripe, opp. acerbus), lenis (= pleasant, opp. aspy
and acer, of wine, food), dulcis (= sweet) ; jp
make — , mollire, mitigate, lenire ; to grow — (of
fruit, etc.), milescere : 2, = ideasanjly affecting tho
senses, mollis (=soft, flexible, e.g. name, speech,
opp. durus, acer) ; mitis (= not hard, harsh, e.g.
winter, summer, climate; then speech, words,
mil
772
min
opp. asper), tenis(= gentle), temperalus(= not too
warm and not too cold, of the climate, the sea-
sons, opp. frigidus, — cold, or oalidus, — warm),
tepidns, = warm ; — winter, tepida bruma (Hor.),
llvis(= light, e.g. punishment, opp. gravis); 3, of
men and their dispositions, and or that which
shows mildness, mollis ; mitis (= not harsh, of a
— disposition, opp. asper), clement (= gentle),
misericore (= compassionate, opp. durus), fncilis
I— easy in granting requests, forgiving), indulgens
(= indulgent, of persons, towards anyone, alci,
opp. acerbuset severus), ptacidus(= peaceful, opp.
fervidus, iracundus), mansuetus (= gentle, lit.
tame), comb, mitis et mansuetus, lenis et. man-
suetus, placidus et lenis. Adv. leniter, clementer,
placide, mansuete. mildness, n. 1, — of the
climate, etc., lenitas (of anything, e.g. doloris ;
opp. axpe.ritas) ; 2, of the character, lenitas;
animus lenis or otitis, ingenium lene or mite (=
— of character), mansuetudo morum (= — of
manners), dementia (= — in treating others),
indulgentia (= indulgence), modest ia (= modera-
tion), in Tac. and Plin. of the weather (e.g.
hiemis).
mildew, n. of vegetables, corn, plants, ro-
bigo (rub-), mncor (Plin., = monldiness, iiiusti-
ness), situs, -us (= filth arising from monldiness),
iiredo (= blasting of trees, herbs).
mile, n. of a Roman — , mille (passuum)
(1,000 paces ; in the pi. mil(l)ia (passuum) ;
stone, as the point where the — terminates, hence
as a measurement of distance, mil(l)iarium,
or lapis, -Mis. m. ; he lies interred live — s from
the city, sepultvsest adquintum lapidem. mile-
age, li. cectxgal quod in singula mil(l)ia exigi-
tur. milestone, n. mil(l)iarium, lapis.
militant, adj. by pugnare, etc. ; tho church
— , ecclesia militatis (Ecci.). military, I. adj.
militaris (= belonging to a soldier or to war),
bellicus ; — service, militia ; — preparations,
apparatus, -us, belli; — skill, rei militaris peri-
tia, usus, -us, belli ; — school, ludus militaris.
II. n. the — , = soldiers, milites, or collect, miles,
copice. militate, v.intr., to — against, alci
adversari. militia, n. perhaps cires ad hostem
propvlsandum armati.
milk, I. n. 1, lit. lac, -tis, made of -^,
looking like — , lactevs; goat's — , lac caprinum.;
new — , lac recens; curdled — , lac concretum ;
2, fig. — of human kindness, benignitas, comi-
tas ; see Kindness. II. v.tr. mulgerc. milker,
n. qui midget, milking, n. mnlctus, -fis(Var.).
milkmaid, milkman, n. puella quae vaccas
midget; (homo) qui lac venditat. milk-pail,
ii. mvlctra, mulctrum. milk-sop, n. homo
effeminatus et mollis ; see EFFEMINATE, milk-
white, adj. lacteus. milky, adj. Inctens (=
full of milk), lactcus (= like milk), milky-
way, n. orbis or circulus lactens, via t lactea
(Ov.).
mill, I. n. as a machine, — for grinding,
mola (— — stone), pistrinnm (= the place where
the mills are, with the ancients = tread — , in
■which the slaves worked) ; belonging to the — ,
molar is pistrinalis ; hand — , mala trusatilis.
II. v.tr. see Grind, mill-dam, n. (molae)
agger. miller, n. qui molain habet, pistor.
mill-hopper, n.infundibuluvi. mill-pond,
n. piscina; as smooth as a — , tranquillvs,
placidus; see Smooth, mill-stone, n. mola
(every mill had two such mote, the upper
one of which was called catillus, the lower
meta). mill-stream, n, rivus qui molam
agit,
millenary, adj, millemriui (Bcel.). mil-
lennial, ndj. mille annorum, millennium,
li. mi7/c annorum spalium.
milieu n. milium.
milliner, n, quae mnndum muiiebrem /li-
cit, millinery, n. mundus or vestitits (-iis)
mulisbris.
million, n. decies centena mil(l)ia ; two, throe
millions, vicies, tricies centena mil(l)ia ; a —
times, decies centies 7niliie(n)s (lit.), sescenties
(= our colloquial phrase, a — times), mil-
lionaire, n. vir magnis opibus pracditus;
see Rich.
milt, n. 1, in anatomy, splen, lien; 2, = roe
of fishes, oi'a, -orum. milter, n. piscis mas.
mimic, I. adj. mimicus (= belonging to
mimes ; post class. = imitative), simulatus, jictics
(= imitative). II. n. artis mimicac peritus,
mimvs (= player in a mime or farce). III.
v.tr. alqm imitari; see Imitate, mimicry, n.
ars mimica.
minaret, n. turriculu.
mince, I. v.tr. 1, lit. concidcre, consecare;
2, fig. extenuare, comb, extenuare et diluere ; nor.
to — matters, sinefuco ac fallaciis dicire. II.
v.intr. mollius incedere. III. n. minutal (Juv.).
mincemeat, n. 1, lit. minutal; 2, fig. to
make — of, concidere (= cut up), trvcidare ( =
slaughter), mincing, adj. putidus. Adv.
putide.
mind, I. u. 1, animus(= the whole of man as
an intelligent being, the higher nature in man,
opp. corpus), mens (as that which represents the.
power of thinking ; then the faculty of think-
ing itself), spiritus, -lis (almost synonymous with
anima, — breath of life, life itself, then — quali-
ties of the — , energy, enthusiasm, coinage.
pride, etc.), ingenium ( = natural abilities, genius,
power of invention, production) ; in one's own
— , imagination, spe et opinione, or spe atqne
animo; the workings of the — , animi mollis, •?«;
a philosophical — , sapient ia, sagacitas, subtilitas
(in disputando), vir snbtilis, sagax (of the per-
son) ; = an inclination, studium (= inclination,
zeal), appetitus, -us, appetilio( = instinctive long-
ing after anything), mpiditas, cupido, desiderium,
aviditas ( = desire), alacritas (= the state of feel-
ing inclined), comb, alacritas studiumque, alacri-
tas el cupidi tas (after all these words, that which
we have a — for in tho genit.) ; I have a — ,
animus mihi est, mihi libet (lub-) ; I have no — .
nolo ; I have a greater — , malo ; to have a — tn
do anything, alcjs rei studio captitm esse, teneri,
alcjs rei studiosum, appetentem, cupiihim esse,
alqd appetere, concupisccre ; to have a great
— to, alcjs rei studio or cupiditate ardlre,
flagrare ; mird alacritntr esse ad alqd faciendum
(= to be very much disposed for, e.g. for disput-
ing, ad litigandum) ; to have no — to, abiior-
rere, alienum esse ab alqd re. ; 2, memoria, see
Memory, Thought; to keep in - = to think
about, eogitare cum or in animo, or simply cogi-
tare alqd or de alqd re; considerare in animo or
cum ani mo or secum, or simply considerare alqd
or dealqd ?*(= to consider maturely), deliberare
alqd and dealqd re(= to deliberate with oneself),
alqd agitare mente or animo, or in mente or cum
animo(— to think over), perpendere,pensitare(not
in Cic. orCaes.), alqd(= to consider on all sides),
secum meditari de alqd re or alqd ; only keep
this one thing in — , hoc unum cogita ; I keep
many important things in — , rerscuirur animo
meo mxdtae et graves cogitationes ; to bo against
one's — , longe alia mihi mens est ; to be of a
— , oplnari, opinione duci, opinionem habere;
with ono — , in hoc omnes consentinnt ; sec
Unanimous ; to make up one's — , uiiwm poh-
allium co.plre ; to put one. in — of, = to wnrii,
(rom)monerc, admOiiert, commmitfacnt tdipn -'«
alqd re (or with ut, or with ne and the SUlJ,
mm
773
mis
uiood); it comes into my — , in mentem mihi
alqd vcnit, mihi in opinionem alqd vcnit, subit
animum cogitatio, in mentem or in cogitalioncm
milii inculit alqd (=a thought comes into my
— ), mihi or animo, or in mentem occurrit ah/d,
mihi succurrit alqd (= a sudden thought strikes
me), subit rccardatio or reeordor or reminiscor (=
I remember); the thing had come into my — ,
tetigerat animum hujiis rei memoria. II. v.tr.
1, = to attend to, animum advertcre (advort-) or
alqd animadvertcre, animum attendere ad alqd or
ali/d attendere. animum intendere ad or in alqd,
alcjs rei rationcm habere (= to regard); alqd
agcre; — your own business, tuum negotium
gerc, res tuas cura; 2, = to obey, aloi oboedire,
pardre ; 3, = to object to, alqd recusare ; I do not
— , noil recuso quin or quominus ; 4, = to remind,
alci alqd ad animum revocarc; see Remind.
III. v.intr. = to remember, alcjs rei miminisse,
alipl recordari ; see Remember, mindful,
adj. 1, diligens alcjs rei and t» alqd re (= ac-
curate, punctual, cautious in anything, opp.
ncglegens), sedulus ( = earnest in anything, very
attentive, opp. piger, e.g. spectator), alcjs rei
studiosus, amans (e.g. vcritatis); see Attentive,
Careful ; 2, = remembering, memor, hand
immemor (both edejs rei); to be — , vieminisse
(e.g. mortis), mindless, adj. neglcgens (neglig-)
(- negligent), socors (— thoughtless), comb.
tsocors neglegensque ; see Careless, Unmind-
ful; insanus {— not in his senses), excors
(- stupid, a simpleton), aniens, demens; see Ir-
rational.
mine, possess, pron. meus, mea, meum.
mine, I. n. 1, metallum, or pi. metalla, -orum ;
a silver — , fodina argenti or argentifoduui ;
a gold — , aurifodina (Plin.)i 2, in fortittca-
timi, cuniculus ; to sap, dig a — , cuniculum
agSre; 3, fig. Jons uberrimus, or by thesaurus
(e.g. memoria thesaurus omnium rerum). II.
v.tr. 1, = to dig a — ; see above ; 2, flg. = to
practise secret means of injury, insidias alci
parttre or instruSre or ponere, perniciem alci
moliri; 3, milit. term, by cunicidos agcre.
miner, n, 1, metallicus (Plin.); 2, in forti-
fication, qui cunicidum agit. mineral, I.
n. metallum. II. adj. fossilis, metallicus; —
kingdom, fossilia, -ium, n. ; — spriug, —
waters (as the place), fous medicae salubritatis,
aquae medicatae(Sei\.), aquae salubres, in the con-
text also simply aquae, mining, n. use metal-
lum (e.g. useful for — , ad metalla exercenda
utilis).
mingle, v.tr. and intr., see Mix.
miniature, n. tabella or pictura, fixing
the sense by the context (e.g. tabellas pinxit
parvas); in — (e.g. Rome in — , quasi or tan-
qnam (tamq-) Homa minor).
minimum, n. minimum, pars minima.
minion, n. 1, = favourite, deliciae; 2, =
minister, minister, servus.
minister, I. n. 1, = servant in a higher
sense, minister, or by circumloe. ; sec Instru-
ment; 2, of a state, principis socius et admin-
ister omnium consiHarum, socius consiliorum
jvriucipis et partlceps,consiiiariws(ns his adviser);
state — , ille penes quern est cura administrandae
reipublieae; — of foreign affairs (= foreign secre-
tary), 1-erniH cxternarum administer ; — of war,
qui res bellicas adminiUrat ; 3, — of th» Gospel ;
see Cleroyman, Priest. II. v.tr. to — an oc-
casion, alci occasionem dare, praebere; see Give,
Afford, Supply. III. v.intr. 1, see Attend,
Serve ; 2, to — to, facultates or opes praebere;
see Serve, Support, Assist, ministerial,
adj. 1, ad serrnm or minislrum pcrtinens ; see
Attend, Sphvk ; 2, ill a political sense by cir-
cumloe. (e.g. Jiis — duties, rerum publicarum
admi nist ratio) ; see Official, Executive; 3,
see Clerical, Priestly, ministration, n.
1, see Service, Office; 2, see Co-operatjon,
Intercession, ministry, n. 1, = means, in-
terrcntio, etc., administrate, ministerium, (pro)-
curatio ; 2, political, qui rempublicam adminis-
(rant; see Minister ; 3, clerical, * ministerium,
minium, n. minium.
minor, I. adj. sec Little, Small ; the —
iiremiss, assumptio (opp. propositio = the major).
[I. n. gen. infant (if u little child), or by nondum
adultS. aetate (= not yet of age); sons that are
— sjilii fumiliarum ; with regard to the guardian,
a ward, pupillus ; = not able to reign, nondum
maturus imperio. minority, n. 1, actus non-
dum adulta (in gen.), aetas pupillaris (= age of
the ward) ; 2, = the smaller number, pan or nu-
mcrus minor.
minotaur, u. minotaurus.
minstrel, n. see Singer, perhaps po'eta
amatorius (as a poet), citharaedus (tuOapwios,
= singer to the lyre); see Musician, Player.
minstrelsy, n. chorus canentiwn (= chorus of
singers) ; concentus, -us.
mint, n. in botany, mcnt(h)a.
mint, I. n. = place where money is coined
by public authority, moneta (a surname of Juno,
in whose temple money was coined) ; every-
thing relating to the — , res nummaria. IL
v.tr. see Coin.
minuet, n. saltatio; see Dance.
minus, prep, sine with abl.
minute, I. adj. 1, see Little, Small ; 2, fig.
minutus (- trilling and contemptible), subtilis,
diligens, accuratus (= exact). Adv. subtiliter,
minute, accurate, diligenter. IL n. 1, of time,
home sexagcsimapars( = 00th part of an hour); 2,
fig. see Moment, minutes, n. pl.= short sketch
of an agreement, etc., breviarium (= a sum-
mary, Suet.), exemplum (=dranght of a theme),
scriptum, libellus, commentarii, acta, -orum (of
the Senate) ; — of a speech, oratio scripta, sermo
scriptus (Suet.); to make — of anything, alqd
lit(t)cris consigiui.re (in gen. = to write down) ; see
Note; — book, see Memorandum. IIL v.tr.
notare, annotare, in. tabulas referre, lil(t)eris con-
signare ; see Draw up, Note, Write, minute-
ness, n. 1, = smallness, exiguitas, brevitas (of
stature); 2, = carefulness, subtiliUu, accurati*
(rare), diligentia. minutiae, n. by omnia,
-ium, or singula,, -onm ; see Detail, Trifle,
Particular.
minx, n. puclla putita (=an affected girl),
filiola (= little daughter, expressing affection).
miracle, n. 1, = a wonderful thing, res mira,
miraculum (= tiling exciting astonishment) ;
see Wonder ; 2, in theology, • miraculum.
miraculous, adj. mints, mirijicus, mirandus,
mirabilis ; in a — manner, mirunt in modum,
mirandum in modum, mirabiliter. Adv. 6ee
above, in a — manner.
mirage, n. (vana) species (urbis, etc.) oculis
oblata.
mire, miriness, n. lutum ; see Mud.
miry, adj. lutonu, lutulentus ; see Muddy.
mirror, n. speculum.
mirth, n. hilaritat, laetitia (= gladness),
ga udiuvi(= joy), lascivia (= sportiveness), risus,
■iis (= laughter), jocus ( = jest), lusus, -us ( =
sport); see Gaiety, Joy-, mirthful, adj. MU
aris (hilarus), laetus, lascivits, jocosus. Adv. nil-
are, hilariter, laete, lascive, jocose.
misacceptation, n. interpretatio jxrveria.
or jwpcram Jacfa ; see JJisundersvandino,
mis
Hi
mis
misadventure, n. casus, -us (adversus),
incommodnm (= something unpleasant, advers-
Jty> especially misfortune in war); see Misfor-
Tune.
misadvised, adj. imprudens (= without
foresight), incans1deratus,inc<ms\iltva{= thought-
less).
misanthrope, n. qui genus hwnannm or
7iomi?i»»i vnirersum genns edit. misan-
thropic, misanthropical, adj. hominibus
inimiens. misanthropy, n. animus komini-
hut inimicus.
misapplication, n. itsus (-iis) perversvs.
misapply, v.tr. alqd re abidi (= to make a
bad use of), male interpretari or accipere (=to
misinterpret).
misapprehend, v.tr. see Misunderstand.
misapprehension, n. see Misunderstand-
ing.
misbecome, v.tr. alqm alqd dedecet, or alqd
fttcere dedecet.
misbehave, v.intr. indecorc, indigne se
genre, misbehaviour, n. rusticitas, mores
rustici ; see Rudeness, Fault.
misbelief, n. see Unbelief, misbelieve,
v.tr. perperam judicure, falso sibi persuasum
habere.
miscalculate, v.tr. 1, male computare alqd
or rationcm alcjs rei, or hy ratio me /cjcllit ; 2,
fig. errare, decipi. miscalculation, n. 1,
mendum, ration.es/alsue ; 2, error.
miscarriage, n, 1, = ill conduct, delictum
( = act of misbehaviour); 2, = failure, by res
«rf(or in)irritnm endit, ad irrilnm redigitur; 3,
of an untimely birth, abortus, -ils, abortio.
miscarry, v.intr. 1, = not to succeed, von
or parum or seats procedure ( = not to lend
to the desired result), praeter sjiem evenire,
sccus cadere, praeter opinionem cadere ( = to
end worse than one expected), ad irrihtm cadere,
redigi ( — to he frustrated) ; 2, by abortumfacere
(of rii untimely birth).
miscellaneous, adj. by varius <i diversus;
— kinds, raria ct diversa genera (sc. operum).
miscellany, n. lihcr de diversis rebus scrip-
tus.
mischance, n. see Misfortune.
mischief, n. malum, incommodnm, dam-
num, maieflcivm ( = intentional — ), calamitas,
turbae ( = noise and confusion), mischief-
maker, n. mali avctor. mischievous,
adj. 1, = harmful, noxiits, calamitosvs, pemict-
onus ; see Hurtful; 2, = full of tricks, las-
dints. Adv. calamitose, perniciose, luscive.
mischievousness, n. 1, = injuriousness, by
ciicuinl. (e.g. who does not see the — of the
thing? gin's ?ioft intelligit rem nocere or rem esse
noziamf); 2, lascivia.
misconceive, v.tr. and lntr. pcrperam ac-
cipere. misconception, n. opinionis error,
opinio /aha.
misconduct, n. 1, see Misbehaviour ; 2,
see Fault.
misconjecture, I. n. falsa svspicio. II.
v.tr. and iutr. /also suspicari.
misconstruction, n. see Misinterpreta-
tion, misconstrue, v.tr. see Misinterpret.
miscreant, n. 1, = unbeliever, doctrinal
fedsue studiosns, apostaia (Keel.) ; 2, = a vile
wretch, fioiiip illiberalis, sordidus ( s= unworthy
of a free-horn ninn), abjectvs ( = contemptible},
turpis{ = disreputable).
miprtoal, v.intr. perhaps vaginas male distri-
bute.
misdeed, n. /acinus, -(5m, n. scelus, -erls, n.,
malrflcium, malc/actum, delictum, peccatum.
misdemeanour, n. 1, = ill behaviour,
mores pravi ; see Misconduct; 2, in law, an
offence of a less atrocious character than a
crime, peenlatus, -fts, publicus (— defalcation),
scelus, -cris, n. ( = crime) ; to be guilty of — ,
scelus suscipcre, admittere, facere.
misdirect, v.tr. 1, a letter, cpistulam jvt-
peram inseribere ; 2, a passenger, a recta vid
abduccrc (lit.) ; 3, fig. inducere alqm in crrorem
(= to lead anyone into an error).
misemploy, v.tr. abllti alqd rc(=to misuse).
misemployment, n. urns, -us, perversus.
miser, n. 7io»io tcnax, homo avarus. miser-
able, adj. ?n iscr, m isrllus, miserdbilis, misera ndns
(= to be pitied, in poor circumstances), infelix
(= unhappy), ujjlicttis, aerumnosus ; calamitosus ;
see Unhappy ; = worthless, nequam, nihili, im-
probus, turpis (— wicked, of persons and things),
vilis ( = vile) ; to lead a — life, in miserid esse
or versari ; — food, tenuis rictus, -us ; to live in
— circumstances, puree ac duriter vitam agere,
tenuiter vivcre, vitam in egestate degerc. Adv.
misere, miserabiliter, infeliciter, calamitose, im-
probc, nequitcr, turpiter ; see Miser, miserli-
ness, n. avaritia, sordes, -is, f. (or in pi.).
miserly, adj. avarus, tenax, sordidus, parens,
malignns. misery, n. = great unhappiness
of mind and body, miseria, res miserae or
afflictae (= depressed circumstances), calamitas
(= caused through losses), aerumna, vexatio (=
trouble), angor, maeror, tristitia (= sorrow),
cgestas (= great poverty), angustiac (= bail
times), tempora luctuosa (= distressing, gloomy
times).
misformed, adj. de/ormis, de/ormalns, dis-
tortus.
misfortune, n. malum, and pi. mala, cala-
mitas ( = attended with loss and injury, also in
war), casus, -us (adversus or tristis= unfortunate
accident), incommodnm, res adversae,fortuna (ail-
versa, = casualties caused by bad luck), accrbi-
tates, -urn ( = great hardships); lie had tlie —
to, etc., accidit ei ut, etc. ; one — after another,
aliud ex alio malo.
misgive, v.intr. perhaps malum praesagirc,
praesentire or diffidcre ( — to distrust); see Doubt.
misgiving, n. metus, -its, timor (=fear),
sol(l)icitudo (~ anxiety), praesensio (= fore-
boding).
misgovern, v.tr. male regnare, male, rem
gerere. misgovernment, n. mala reipvUicae
guhernatio or moderatio, mala alcjs rei adminis-
tratio.
misguidance, n. error, or hy /also alcjs
consilio rcgi. misguide, v.tr. in crrorem in-
ducere; see Mislead.
mishap, n. 6ee Accident, Misfortune.
misinform, v.tr. by alqm falsa docere.
misinterpret, v.tr. /also explicare, in
malum partem accipere or ?na/e interpretari alqd,
perverse, pcrperam interpretari. misinterpre-
tation, n. intcrprelatio perversa or pcrperam
/acta.
misjudge, v.tr. male judicarc.
mislay, v.tr. see Lose.
mislead, v.tr. corrttmpere alcjs animum et
mores, alqm ad nequitiavi adduccre, alqm in
crrorem inducere; to be misled, labi, errare, ill
errorem induci. misleading, adj. fulsvs.
mismanage, v.tr. see Misgovern.
misnomen, n. fdsum nomen.
misogamist, misogynist, n. qui nn-
Heres odd,
mis
77o
mix
misplace, v.tr. (in) alieno lueo collocare; to
.•—confidence, etc., alqdrefalli.
misprint, I. v.tr. typis mendose exscribcre.
II. n. mendum typographicwm.
mispronounce, n. male pronuntiare.
misproportion, n. ratio impar.
misquotation, n. verba falso allata, falsa
commemoratio ( = mention), verba haud accurate
prolata. misquote, v.tr. verba alcjs haud ac-
curate proferre.
misreckoning, n. falsae rationes.
misrepresent, v.tr. fig. alqd narrando dc-
pravare( = to represent any fact in a wrong light),
perversa interpreter* (= to interpret wrongly, tig.),
verb um in pejus detorquc re(= to dissemble tiie true
meaning of an expression so as to cause it to be
taken in a bad sense), misrepresentation,
n. use verb.
misrule, n. see Misgovern.
miss, n. as title, domina.
. miss, I. n. 1, see Loss, Want; 2, error;
see Fault, Mistake. II. v.tr. 1, earere alqd re
(— not to have got a thing), alqd desiderare (=
to feel the want of it); 2, = to discover that
something is wanting, desiderare, quaerere, re-
quirere(= to look for anything that we have had,
although in vain) ; to — with regret, desiderio
alcjsrei angi, magna molestid desiderare alqd ; see
Lose; 3, =to fail of finding the right way,
dcerrare ; to — anyone on the road, ab alqo de-
errare or abcrrare ; 4, = to fail in aim, dcslina-
tum nonferire (in shooting, etc.) ; 5, = to omit,
transire, omittcre, praetcrmiltcre ; sec Omit.
III. v.intr. 1, = to fail to hit, see II. 4 ;
2, = not to succeed ; see Fail, missing,
adj. to be — , deessc, desiderari. missile, I.
n. (teluin) missile, jacidum; hcuta (longer or
shorter for throwing), pilum (short, used by the
Roman infantry) ; to cast a — , missile or jaculinn
miltcre. II. adj. missilis.
misshapen, adj. deformis; see Misformed.
mission, n. 1, = sending out, missio; 2,
legatio ( = deputation, ambassadors) ; 3, see
Destiny, missionary, n. missus qui gentes
barbaras alqd doceat.
misspell, v.tr. non rede scribcrc, prave
scribcre.
misspend, v.tr. 1, money, perdcre ; see
Squander ; 2, time, perdcre ; see Waste.
misstate, v.tr. see Misrepresent, mis-
statement, n. quod falsum est ; deliberate — ,
mendacium.
mist, n. 1, nebula (subtilis, in opp. to fog =
ealigo, nebula densa, when tho — is very thick) ;
2, fig. ccdigo (e.g. the — of those calamitous
days, ealigo illorum tempo rum) ; to be in a — ,
attonitum, pcrculsum esse, misty, adj. 1, nebu-
losus, caliginosus ; 2, lig. obscurus.
mistake, I. v.tr. 1, = to take one thing or
person for another, e.g. you — me for another, me
ulium esse putas ; ignorare abpn ( = not to know
a person, lit. and fig.), parum inkllcijcre(intellig-)
alqd or alqm (= to know too little of anything,
not to know sufficient of a person's character);
2, see Misunderstand. II. v.intr. = to bo
— n, errare, per errorem lubi (= to commit a
slight error), in errore versari (= to bo in
error), falli (= to deceive oneself), peccare (= to
fall into an error, commit a sin owing to a — ),
dubiwn or incertum esse (= to be uncertain);
if I am not — n, nisi Jailor, nisi animus (me)
fallit, nisi quid me fall it or fefclkrit ; I may
be — n, potest fieri ut fallar. III. n. 1, in gen.
error, erratum (from want of thought, by being
misled; error, ■= the condition one is in alter
having committed a — ; erratum, = the— itself;
both also representing any literary work),
lapsus, -Us ( = a single — ), peccutum (= anything
done wrong) ; in — for, pro (e.g. pro illo culpavit,
= he blamed the one in — for the other) ; to
make a — , errare, peccare (in a thing, alqd in, alqd
re), labi in alqd re; to bo under a — , in errore
esse or versari, errore caplum esse, errore vugari ;
to see one's — , errorem suum agnoscire ; 2, a —
iu writing, mendum; to correct a — in writing,
mendum tollcre ; full of written — s, mendosus.
mistaken, adj. see Wrong. Adv. per errorem,
perperam.
mistress, n. 1, =a woman who governs,
domina (also as title), hcra (as regards the ser-
vants), quae impcrio regit ( = one who rules, e.g.
a town, urbem), dotninatrix, moderatrix, guber-
nairix (in a fig. sense, of desires and passions ;
dominatrix, in an absolute sense ; the two latter
= guide) ; 2, = head of a family, materfamilias
(materfamiliae, or as two words), hera (with
reference to the servants), matroua (on account
of the high veneration in which she was held as
head of the family, therefore chiefly of women
of higher rank), domina; 3, = governess,
pracceptrix, magistra (also fig., e.g. practice is
the best — to teach us to speak a language,
certissima loquendi magistra consuetudo ; or ma-
gister if the Latin noun is masculine, e.g.
experience, an excellent — , vsus, egregius
magister); 4, = a woman beloved and courted,
amata, dilecta, arnica (in a bad sense), amor
noster, dcliciae meae ; 5, = a woman in keeping
(i.e. a kept — ), arnica, concuoiwt, pcllex.
misunderstand, v.tr. non recle intellegere
(intellig-) ; see Misinterpret, misunder-
standing, n. error (= mistake) ; = differejice
of opinion, dissensio ; dissidium.
misuse, I. n. usus, -us, pcrversus, alusus,
-)"(.< (rare). II. v.tr. alqd re perverse (ab)uti, im-
modice or immoderate or intempcrantcr or inso-
lenter et immodice abxdi re (e.g. alcj3 indulgent id,
alcjs patientid), male uti re; see Abuse, Use.
mite, n. minimus in agreement with noun
(e.g. a — of a thing, res minima).
mitigable, adj. quod mitigari potest, miti-
gate, v.tr. lenire (e.g. illness, pain, hatred,
anger, grief, taste, etc.), mitigare, mitiorem
facire (e.g. pain, fevers, sorrows, taste, etc.),
?HoWire(=to cause anything, e.g. anger.violeuce,
iram, impelum, to abate, also to make milder in
taste), levare (= to afford relief, alleviate, e.g. care,
alqm curd levare ; — cares with wine, curas levare
vino), alqd remittere ex alqd re (= to diminish).
mitigation, n. mitigalio, levatio (al)levament-
um ; to att'ord anyone a — of anything, lenire
alci alqd, levare alqm alqd re ; — of auger, pla-
catio (e.g. deonim immortalium), mitigalio; or
by verbs, see above.
mitre, n. = a sacerdotal ornament mitra
(Eccl.).
mitten, n. see Glove.
mix, I. v.tr. 1, temperate; to — one thing
with, among another, (per)miscerc alqd cum alqd
re, alqd alqd re or alqd alci rei, temperare alqd
alqd re ; to — a thing, admiscere alqd alci rei or
in alqd (gen. in the .passive, admisceri alqd re,
to' be — ed with); to — poison, etc., venenum,
etc., parare, coqulre (= to prepare, to boil in
gen.) ; 2, see Confuse ; 3, = to associate one-
self with in company, se (con)jungerc cum
alqo, (com)misceri, permisccri. II. v.intr. 1,
= to become blended promiscuously in a
mass or compound (e.g. oil and water will not
— ), by the passive of the verbs above ; 2, to —
in society, hominvm coetus et celebrationcs obire;
see Society, mix up, v,tr, 1, *ee Mix; 2,
mne
776
mol
see Implicate, mixed, art,', (pcr)mixtus, pro-
miseuus. mixture, n. 1, (per)mistio (mist-, —
the act and the thine itself), mistura (mixt-, —
modes of mixing and the tiling itself, mostly
' post class.), temperatio (as act and as the
quality of — ) ; the — of the metal, tempera-
tio aeris ; 2, in pharmacy, see Medicine,
3 ; 3, lit. and (lg. = a mass of things without
order; farrago (= a — of different kindH of
corn, He. a book containing a — of things,
farrago libelli, Jm:), colluvio, coHHi'ics(ng.,when
different things How together, e.g. the army, a
— of all kinds of nations, excrcitus mixtus ex
colluvione omnium gentium,); varietas (=a mixed
variety, e.g. of words and opinions, scrmonnm,
opinionumque) ; but more frequently it is ex-
pressed by mi seer e ; e.g. a — of good and evil,
bona mixta malis.
mnemonic, mnemonical, adj. ad me-
moriae artem pertinens. mnemonics, l). ars
or artificium or disciplina uiemoriae.
moan, I. v.intr. gemerc. II. n. gcmitus,-iis;
see Groan, Lament.
moat, n. Jossa; to surround with a — for
defence, fossam castris circumdurc, castra fossa
cingere.
mob, I. n. vulgus, -i, n. (=the mass of the
people; see People), turba (= crowd), viulti-
tudo de phhe, multitudo obsaira et humilis (as
regards the origin) ; scntlna reipublicae or urois
(=thc lowest of the low, rabble), faex populi
(= the dregs of the people). II. v.tr. see Sur-
round. III. v.intr. concHrrire, concursorc.
mobile, adj. mobilis; see also Fickle.
mobility, n. 1, mobilitas (e.g. of the tongue,
linguae; also llg. of the mind, animi ; — of
character, mobilitas hominis or ingenii), agilitas
(= iiiiiibleness, swiftness) ; 2, = lickleness, levi-
tus, ingenium mobile ; see Fickleness.
mock, I. v.tr. 1, see Imitate, Mimic;
2, = to deride, alipn, alqd deridere, irridcrc ;
3, in a less evil sense = to ridicule, alqm ludere
{= to banter), alqm hidibrio habere, hulificari
( = to make a fool of), cavillari (= to censure
in a sarcastic manner ; one who does this,
cavillator) ; 4, = to disappoint, ludere, huli-
ficari, ad irritum redigere ; see Frustrate.
II. v.intr. to — at, in ludibrium vertcre, or
by cavillari, at anybody, alqm ; see above.
III. n. see Mockery; to make a — of; see
Mock, I. 3. IV. adj. simulatus,fictus, falsus ; see
False, mocker, n. = one who scorns, deri-
sor, irrisor, cavillator (= who cavils), mock-
ery, n. 1, irrisio, irrisus, -us, cavillatio (= scoff),
ludibrium, ludns,^jocus, ludificatio (=theact of
mocking), petiilantia, lascivia ; 2, = that which
disappoints, inception irritum ; 3, = counter-
feit appearance, species, simulacrum, fallacla
(= deceit), ociilornvi ludibrium (= mere out-
ward show), falsa imago (= a false image),
fabxda (=a fable); to make a — of . . . , to turn
into — , deridere ulqd (also alqm), in risum
vertcre alqd.
mode, n. 1, natura (= nature of a thing), ratio
(— systematic — of proceeding, relation between
two "things), modus (=rule to go by, — of doing
anything), via (= manner in which one thing is
derived from another), comb, ratio el via, ratio
et modus, ( — of proceeding, e.g. of arguing, argu-
mentandi genus), mos, consuetudo (= custom);
see Manner; 2, in music, modi, moduli (= musi-
cal — ) ; 3, — of dress, habitus, -us; see Dress ;
— s of speaking; sec Expression.
model, I. n. proplasma, -at is, n. (I'lin., or
as Greek TrponKatxixa, = an artist's — i ; exemplar,
■uris, exemplnm (= a pattern in gen.); to give a
•*- of anything, alcjs rei modum formamque de-
monstrare ; to take the — from' anything, to
take anything as a — , excmplum sumcre ah alqtt
re; to work by a — or pattern, alqd rrd imi-
tandum proponerc, alqd in cremplum assnmerc,
II. v.tr. 1, = to shape out of a raw material,
fingcre ; =to bring into a proper shape, /orm-
are, comb, fingere et formare ; = to copy, ex-
primcrc imaginem alcjs (in gen. = to represent,
express anyone's features); 2, tig. = to arrange
according to a certain rule, ex lege or rati one
quddam institucre alqd (e.g. ran publicum). III.
adj. optimus,
moderate, I. adj. = keeping the middle
path, avoiding extremes, moderatus, modicus
(opp. to effrcnatus), modestns (in moral feeling,
opp. to cupidvs, pctulans), tempcrans, temperntus,
mcdiocris(— mediocre), sobrius. Adv. moderate,
modeste, moilice, temperate, mediocriter ; to live — ,
contineutem esse in omni victu adtuque. II. v.tr.
= moderari( = to impose a limit to, with dat)., =
to direct (with accus.) ; modum (or moderationem)
adhibere alci rci, alqd. continere, coe'reere (= to
restrain), moderation, moderateness,
n. modus (= due measure), continental (= self-
restraint), temperantia (= self-government, both
opp. to libido (luh-)), moderatio (= the middle
course, in conduct), modestia (= the moral feel-
ing to avoid excess), sedatio alcjs rci (e.g. of the
passions); abstinentia (= keeping from what
belongs to others), moderator, n. see
President.
modern, adj. rectus, novus, ml nova cxem-
pla (= in the new style, according to the new
fashion, opp. vetus), qui nunc est, ut nunc fit, hit-
Jus aetatis, clcgans (— elegant), hie, haec, noc,= the
present, e.g. haec or nostra actas, homines nostrac
aetatis, homines qui nunc sunt or virunt (all =
our — days), pracsens (= at the present moment,
opp. that which takes place at any other time ;
if we say our — , etc., praesens is seldom used,
but generally hie, huec, hoc); — Capua, Capua
quae nunc est; the — , our age, haec aetas ; our
— times, haec tempora.
modest, adj. modicus (= slight, middling),
modestns (= moderate, under control, opp. j'iu-
modestus), pndens (opp. impudens), rereeundns
(= full of respect), demissns (= lowly, opp. acer-
bus). Adv. moilice, modeste, prudenter, rcrecunde.
modesty, n. modestia (opp. supcrbia), pudor
(= a feeling of shame or respect), verecundia
(bashfulness).
modicum, n. pan(l)luhim.
modifiable, adj. res de qua alqd immutari
potest, modification, n., with this — , that,
etc., cum eo ut, etc., or by ita defiiiirc, ut, etc.
modify, v.tr. = to change the form or external
qualities, immature, alqd de alqd re (= to make a
change in anything), temperure alqd (= to mo-
derate);
modulate, v.tr. vocem per vices tollere atque
remittere (= to raise and to lower the voice,
in speaking), vocem or cantum modvturi. mo-
dulation, n. Jlexio (vocis), Humerus (or in pi.).
moiety, n. see Half.
moist, adj. humidns (= moderately wet).
moisten, v.tr. conspergcre (=to sprinkle), (<>)-
riguic (= to water) ; t humectare. moisture,
n. humor.
molar, adj. (e.g. tooth) dens genuinus.
mole, n. = mound, moles, -is, (., agger, -iris,
in. molecule, n. see Particle.
mole, n. = mark on the body, nacvus.
mole, n. = animal, talpn. mole hill, n.
1, lit. perhaps (talpaei grumus ; 2, tig. to nmkn
mountains out of — s, difficiUo ex facillimin re*
dighr,
mol
777
mor
molest, v.tr. ulqm sol(l)icitare, vexare, mo-
tedium ulci afferre or exhilicre, molest um esse alii,
(tlci incommodum afferre, conciliate (= to give
trouble), alci negotium exkibcre, facessere (= to
cause unpleasantness to anyone), molesta-
tion, n. 1, molestia, onus, -cris, n. (= a burthen) ;
2, = trouble, molestia, onus, -eris, n., cunt (=
anxiety), incommodum (= adversity), vexatio.
molliflable, adj. quod molliri potest, mol-
lification, ii., mollify, v.tr. {e)mollire. (= to
make soft, lit. and tig.), mitigare (in a lit. sense,
e.g. food by boiling it; then llg.), lenire (= to
appease), fruugere (=to subdue anyone's liard-
hearteduess), movere alqm or alcjs animum (=to
make an impression upon anyone, by exhorta-
tions, entreaties, etc.).
molten, adj. lique/aetus; see Melt,
moment, u. 1, punctual or vestigium w mo-
•mention temporU ; in a — , statim, e vestigio, con-
Jestim; for the — , in pracsens; 2, = impulsive
power; see Momentum ; 3, — importance ; of
great — , magni momenti ; see Importance.
momentary, adj. brevissimus (= of a short
duration) ; see Instantaneous, momentous,
adj. magni momenti; see Important, mo-
mentoiisness, n. see importance, momen-
tum, n. (in mechanics) vis qua alqd movelur.
monarch, n. rex, regis (=kiug), princeps,
-Ipis, in. (= prince, sovereign, post Aug.), impe-
rator, Caesar, Augustus (= emperor, Imperial
Home), dominus (=an absolute — ), tyrannus
(Tupairoy, = one who has usurped the highest
power in a state, which was free before) or by
circuinloc, to express an absolute — , a despot,
the only ruler, qui solus regnat, qui unus consilio
et curd gubernat civitalem, penes quern est summa
rem m omnium (ull = rex), qui solus impcrio potitus
est (= tyrannus); to be the — , regnare; to pro-
claim oneself as the — , = to usurp the throne,
domination or tyrannidem occupare, domination
iavadere, monarchical, adj. regius; a — go-
vernment, use rex (e.g. regi parent, they have a
— ). monarchist, n. defensor imperii regii.
monarchy, n. 1, as the kind of government,
impcrium quod ab lino sustinetur or sub uno stat,
principatus, -us( — the government of him who is
the head of the state), imperiumregumorregium,
imperium quod penes regem or reges est, potestas
regia, tyrannis, -idis (rvpavvis, of one who has
usurped the government of a free state) ; 2,=
the state itself that is under a monarchical go-
vernment, civitas quae ab uno regitur, respublica,
civitas in qud penes vnum est summa omnium
rerum (in gen.) ; rcgnum, civitas regia.
monastery, u. monasterium, coenobium
(Bccl.).
Monday, n. dies lunae (not class.).
monetary, adj. quod ad pecuniam pertinet,
pecuniar ins, nummarius, argentarius. money,
n. pecunia (=smn of — ) argention, aes(= coined
from silver or copper, silver coin, copper coin) ;
good — , nummiprobi; bad — , nummiatlulterini;
for very little — , for a deal of — , parvo, may no
(pretio); prow, — makes — , dat census honores
(Ov.) ; to pay — down, out of hand, by prae-
sent em pecuniam solvere, repraesentare ; prae-
senti pecunid solvere ; ready — , pecunia pracsens
or nummi praesentes or numeratum or pecunia;
— transactions, negotium, more distinctly nego-
tium nnmmarium, negotiatio (on a large scale),
argentaria (^banking business, — exchanging) ;
to carry on — transactions, argentar lam fadre.
money-bag, n. see Purse. money-
broker, n. argentarius. money-making,
n. quaestus, -us. money-market, n. res num-
nutria, moneyed, adj. dives, pecuniosus ; sea
Rich, moneyless, adj. inops; see Poor.
25*
mongrel, I. a<lj. notkus. II. n. (h)ibrida
(hyb-), in. and f.
monition, n. monitio (= the act), monition
(= the warning given), monitor, II, monitor.
monk, n. mondchus (Eccl.).
monkey, n. simia.
monody, n. use Greek novuSia.
monograph, n, liber (= book) ; see Book.
monologue, n. sr.rmo; to hold u — ,»oIum
loqui.
monomaniac, n. de unA modn rt l«-
santrc.
monopolize, v.tr. perhaps solum liabfre. or
exercere alqd.
monosyllable, n. only in pi. monosylln-
ha, -orum (Quint.).
monotheism, u. credere union motto Ileum
esse, monothcist, n. qui union modo Deum
esse credit.
monotone, n. use Greek fiuoroHu.
monotony, n., monotonous, adj. by
oratio omni varietate. careius. Adv., use adj.
monsoon, n. ventus qui (certo tempore) flare
consuevit.
monster, n. monstrum, portcnlum, belua (lit.
= beast), monstrosity, n. 1, defnrmitas
(= deformity) ; 2, see Monster, monstrous,
adj. defarmis (opp. formosus), imtitanff (e.g. belua,
praeda, facinus, etc.), portentosus. monstr(u)osus,
naturae rcpugnans. Adv. praeter nuturum,
monstr{u)ose.
month, n. mensis, -is, m. monthly, adj.
singulis mensibus, in, singulos menses, men-
struus.
monument, n. monumentum (moni-); see
Memorial, monumental, adj. 1, ad monu-
mentum pertinent; 2, lig. gravis, magni momenti ;
see Important.
mood, n. 1, of mind, animus ; 2, modus
(Gram.), moodiness, n., moody, adj. see
Peevish.
moon, ii. luna ; eclipse of the — , Itmat
defectus, -its. moonlight, I. n. lunae lumen.
II, adj. fluid illusiris.
moor, n., moorland, n. loca(-orum) pains-
tria. moor-hen, n. fulica (fulex).
moor, v.tr. navem ad terram (ripam, etc.)
reliyare, or deligare. moorings, n. use verb
(e.g. lie found' convenient — , loco opporluno
navem relegavit).
moot, v.tr. see Sucoest, Argue, moot-
point, n. it is a — , incertum or dubium est an.
mop, I. n. pcniculus. II. v.tr. alqd peniculo
detergere.
mope, v.intr. tristem or maestum essr.
moping, adj. tristis, maestus ; see Sad.
moral, I. adj.l,= relating to morals, moral is;
— philosophy, de moribus, or pkilosophia ; 2, =
upright, fioneslus, probus, bene moratus, or per-
haps grains; seeUPRionT; 3, it is a — certainty,
verisimillimum est with ace. and infln. Adv.
honestc, probe = uprightly, verisimiliter ; see
Probably. II. ii. = teaching of a story, etc.,
res ad (/worn fabula spectat. morals, n. =
moral conduct, mores, -urn ; = ethics, de mori-
bus or de ofliciis or pkilosophia. moralist, n.
qui de moribus pruecipit. morality, n. more*,
■urn ;see Morals, moralize, v.intr. demoribus
praecipe re.
morass, n. jxdus, -ndis, f.
morbid, adj. 1, acger; a — condition of
body, aegrotatio; 2, fig. aeger, aegrotus ; a — ■
condition of mind, aegritudo. Adv. maesle
mor
78
mot
(- sadly); see Sadly, morbidness, u. 1,
physical, aegrotat io ; 2, tig. aegritttdo; see
Madness.
more, I. adj. plures (newt, plura), pins (either
rs a n., alone or with genit., e.g. — money,- phis
pecuniae), or by II, nd v., pins = — in quantity or
degree(e.g. phis amare, diligtre), amplius (as neu-
ter adj. =a greater extent, value, etc., e.g. lam
aedilis, that is, — than a private individual, ego
sum. aedilis, hoc est, amplius quam privates); if
without comparison = increase, addition, —"da-
vahtagc " of the French, quid vultis amplivs ? —
than hours, amplius sex horis; magis (adv. in
reference to the quality of the thiugs compared,
and expresses that one thing possesses a cer-
tain quality in a higher degree than another, e.g.
to be — offended at a thing than another, alqd
in contumeliam accipcrc magis), ptctius (— rather,
sooner, has a subjective meaning, when a choice,
a selection is made between two objects, actions,
opinions, etc. ; it always excludes one of two
things chosen, whilst magis attributes a higher
value to one of the two things, without excluding
the other, e.g. he would rather have stayed —
in Utica than in Rome, UticaepotiusquamJlomae
esse meduisset) ; ultra (as prepos. with accus. =
exceeding a certain measure, proportion, etc.,
e.g. — than half-a- pint, ultra Aei)ijuuw) ; "than "
after — is rendered in Latin after plus and am-
plius by quam or by the ablat. ; if numbers aro
stated quam is generally left out, and the nu-
meral with the noun is rendered by the same
case as it quam had been used ; after magis and
potiits we use always quam (e.g. to conquer rather
through cunning device than through bravery,
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vincere) ;
in connexion with a noun or adj. in an adj. or
adw sense — is often rendered by a comparative
(e.g. with — attention, care, attentats, diligen-
tins); if two adjs. or advs. are compared in
reference to a certain thing, we use either magis
. . . quam, — ... than, or both are expressed
by the comparative, the second being preceded
by quam (e.g. — passionate than cautious, with
— passion than prudence, calidus magis quam
cautus or calidior quam cautior; with — bravery
than luck, fortiter magis quam fclicitcr, fortius
quam felicins) ; after negations — is rendered 1,
when = in addition to, further, by amplius,
ultra (e.g. I demand nothing — , nihil amplius
or ultra flogita) ; but 2, if = no longer, by jam.
(e.g. nobody will say that any — , hoc jam nemo
dicet); I am not doing a certain tiling any — , by
desino (= I cease) or desisto (= I leave off) with
inf. (e.g. I cannot see any — , desino vidh-c) ; and
what is — (in a climax), et quod plus est ; still — ,
plus eliam (as regards the amount, e.g. he owes
me that much and — still, iantunt et plus eliam
mihi debet), amplius (= still besides, e.g. what do
you want — ? quid vis amplius f) ; so much — ,
tanto plus (as regards the quantity, etc.), eo magis
(implying intensity) ; once — again, alterum
tantnm, bis tantum ; the — ... the — . . . ,
quo . . . hoc, quanto . . . tanto, or eo . . . quo,
tanto . . . quanto ; the — people possess, the
— they wish to have, homines quoplura httbent,
eo ompliora cupiunt. Ill, n. plus ; see I.
moreover, adv. praeterea, insuper, idtro, ad
hoc, ad hate, accedit quod with lndic. ; see
Besides.
moribund, adj. moribundus.
morn, morning, I. n. mane (indcL), tempus
matutinum (the time in the — ) ; in the pl,,the — s,
tempora matutina ; towards — , sub luce, or In con ;
in the — , mane, matutino tempore; the early — ,
primum mane, prima lux or lux (= the first light
of the — ) ; early in the — , primo mane, multo
inane, bene mane, primil btce, itbi jtrimum ittvzit,
ad lucent, primo diluculo (= with the — dawn);
with subst. by antchtcanus (e.g. working by
candlelight early in the. — , before daylight,
lucubratio ttntelucana) ; until — , ad lucem (e.g.
to watch, vigilare) ; this — , hodie mane, hodi-
erno mane ; yesterday ■ — , hestcrno mane, Itpstcrno
die mane ; good — ! salve 1 or (to several) salrtte '
to wish anyone a good — , solvere aid di&re. II.
adj. motutinus; see above. morning-Star,
n, Lucifer, t Phosphorus.
morose, adj. morosus (= never satisfied with
oneself and with others), acerbus (= harsh with
those around one), stomachosus (= churlish),
difficilis (= ill-tempered). Adv. morose, acerbe,
nioroseness, n. morositas, acerbitas.
morrow, n. dies jiosterus or crastinus. Adv.
to — , eras, crastino die; in letters the writers
express "to — " hy post rid ie ejus cliei, qui erat
turn futurus, cum haec scribebam (Cic); early
to — morning, eras mane; for to — , in crastinum
diem; to-day or to , some time, aliquando ;
rather to-day than to — , as soon as possible,
quam primum; the day after to — , perendU.
morsel, n. offa (= mouthful), pars exigua;
see Particle.
mortal, adj. 1, mortalis (=subjeet to death,
opp. immortalis), humanus (= of human, not of
divine origin, opp. divinus, divus), fragtlis, ca-
duetts (— fragile, perishable, opp firmus, stabilis) ;
— s, homines, mortales ; all men are — , omni-
bus moriendum, est; 2, = deadly, mortifer ;
see Fatal ; 3, = complete, by superl. (e.g. —
enemy, homo infensissimus). Adv. to be —
wounded, mortiferum vulnus accipcre ; = very,
raltle, vchementcr, magnnpere. mortality, n.
I, condicio mortalis, mortalitas ; 2, = number
of deaths, by circumloc. (e.g. there was a great
— , plurinti morte absumjiti sunt).
mortar, n. =a vessel, pila, mortarium.
mortar, n. = cement, arenaittm, mortarium,
mortgage, I. n. hypotheca, planus, -dris, n.
II. v.tr. pignori dare, obligate.
mortification, n. 1, in surgery, gangraena
(Cels.); 2, fig. see Vexation, mortify, I.
v.intr. in surgery, by putrescere. II. v.tr.
see Humble.
mortmain, n. *mortua mantis (Mediaeval
Lat.).
mosaic, I. adj. tessellatus, vermiculattis. II.
n. opus tcssellatum, vermictdatum.
mosque, n. acdes sacra Turcica.
mosquito, n. rates.
moss, n. muscus. mossy, adj. mvscostts.
most, I. adj. maximus, phtrimus ; — people,
plerique ; see Mucn. II. adv. maxime, phtri-
mum, valde, vchementcr; see Very, mostly,
adv. fere, plerumque, sacpe; see Generally.
mote, n. see Particle.
moth, n. tinea, blatta (= mite).
mother, n. 1, lit. muter (also as address to
an aged female), matrix (of an animal); 2, fig.
= preserver, mater (in gen.), parens, -tis, m. and
f., procrcatrix, genitrix (parens must chiefly be
used when the noun which is expressed as the
— of anything is masculine). motlier-
country, n. terra patria. motherhood,
n. tnriter, maternns (e.g. the feeling of — ,
animus mntemus). mother-in-law, n. so-
cms, -lis, f. motherless, adj. matre orbus or
carens. motherly, adj. moternvs. mother-
tongue, n. patrius sermo. mother-wit, n.
to do a thing by — , crassd or pingui Minerva
alqd facfrc (= without art); snmmo ingenio (=
cleverly).
mot
779
mill
motion, I. n. 1, (in gen.) motus, -lis, motio
(= the act of setting in — ), agitutio (= moving
Up and down); to be in — , moveri, agitari; to set
anyone in — , agere alqm ; to set in quick — ,
inciture, concitare (e.g. a horse, etc.); 2, = pro-
posal, rogatio (of tlie tribunes), sententia (in tlio
senate); to bring forward a — , rogationem or
legem {reYem. II. v.tr. annuere, signifcare.
motionless, adj. immotus.
motive, I. n. caus(s)a, 'ratio; to act from
any — , alqd ratioue adductus alqd facere. II,
adj. qui {quae, quod) agitat or movet.
motley, adj. coloris maculosi, maculosus
(= spotted in gen.), maculis albis (= with white
spots), varii or disparis coloris (=of different
colours).
motto, n. sententia (as an idea -which we
have pronounced, a sentiment), dictum (=*a say-
ing, anything uttered), verbum, vox (as a short
sentiment).
mould, n. = shape, forma.
mould, n. = soil, terra; see Earth, mould-
er, v.iutr. mucescere, putrescire. mouldiness,
n. mucor. mouldy, adj. vuicidus (Juv.).
moult, v.intr. plumas ponere.
mound, n. tumulus, agger, -tris, m.
mount, I. v.intr. 1, see Rise; 2, — to get
on horseback, conscendere (equum). II. v.tr.
1, = to furnish with horses, milites equis im-
ponere; — ed, equo vectus ; 2, to — guard, by
excubiae in stationem procedunt, milites in sta-
tiones succedunt ; = to ascend, scandere, a(d)s-
senders, conscendere, escendere.
mountain, n. mons, -tis, m. ; what belongs
to, lives, grows upon the — , montanus; full of
— a, moutuosus or montosus ; situate on this side
of the — s, cismontanus ; on the other side of
the — s, transmontanus ; on, along the — , sub
montetn, in or sub rudicibus mantis [— close to the
foot of the — ). mountaineer, n. homo mon-
tanus. mountainous, adj. montosus, moutu-
osus (opp. planus), montanus.
mountebank, n. circulator (in gen.), fein.
circulatrix, pharmacopola circkmforaneus ( s
quad;).
moum, I. v.intr. maerere, in maerore esse or
jacere ( = to be deeply afflicted), lugere, in luctn
esse (=to show one's grief outwardly), squal-
ore, in squalore esse (of extreme grief, which
shows itself by entire neglect of one's own self
and of outward appearance, e.g. luget senatus,
maeret equester ordo, squalent municipia, Cic.),
comb, ludu alque maerore affectum esse, in luctu
et squalore esse; cultu lugubri indutum ( ■= to
go into — ing), for anyone, pro alqo. II. v.tr.
see Lament, Grieve, mournful, adj. tristis;
muestus (=sad), lugubris, ficbilis, lamentabilis,
acerbus, luctuosus ( = causing sorrow). Adv.
maeste, Uugubriler, fltbiliter, accrbc, luctuose.
mournfulness, n. maeror, tristitia ; see
Sadness. mourning, n. maeror, mdestttia
( = grief), luctus, -us ( = grief shown outwardly
by dress, etc.) ; — dress, vestis or cultus, -U3,
lugubris, squalor (referring to the neglect
shown in one's outward appearance, with a view
to excite sympathy), sordes, -ium (forgetting all
dignity and decency) ; to be In — , in luotu
esse, pullatum or sordidatum esss.
mouse, n. mus, muris, in. and f., musculus
(—a little — ). mouse-hole, n. cavis or cavum
viuris. mouse-trap, n. muscipula (Sen.).
moustache, n. perhaps barba labri superi-
oris.
mouth, n. 1, os, oris, n. ; with open — ,
hians; anything makes my — water, alqd sal-
team mihi movet ; to have a thing in one's — ,
alqd in ore lutbere (lit. of food, lig. of words) : to
be in anyone's — , in omnium ore or in omnium
ore et sermons esse, omni populo in ore esse,'per
omnium ova Jerri ; 2, — of a river, etc., os, oris,
n., ostium (in gen.) ; caput ( = a single — of ;.
river); — entrance, in gen. aditus, -us.
move, I. v.tr. (com)movlre, dire ( =to set in
motion), agitare (= to — up and down), versarel —
to turn round), quatire ( = to shako), moliri ( —
to — with exertion), rotare, circumagere (= to —
round ; rotare more poet.) ; tig. commoverc, pernio-
vcre, lurbare, conturbare(= to agitate one's mind);
to — heaven and earth, caelum ac terras miscere ;
= to guide anyone, influence anyone's will,
(com)movere (ingen.),^ec<eie(=to persuade any-
one who was of a different mind before), vincero
or expugnare precibus, pirecibtts lucrimisque ( =;to
persuade anyone to yield). II. v.intr. 1, se
(com)movere, (com)moveri (= to be in motion), in-
citari (quickly, opp. retardari), ferri (suddenly,
violently, opp. labi, particularly of celestial
bodies), micare, vibrare ( = to vibrate, e.g. of the
light) ; to — in a circle, in orbem cirewnagi ; to
— round anything, ambire alqd, versari circa
alqd (e.g. round the axis of the earth,
of the universe, etc.), ferri circum alqd, volvi
circa alqd ; 2, in an assembly, (re)ferre ; see
Motion, I. 2. moveable, adj. mobilis (lit.
and fig., e.g. of the mind), agilis (of what
can be easily moved about, e.g. a ship,
then fig. of the mind, etc.). movement, n.
motus, -us ; to observe the enemy's — s, quae ab
hostibus aganlur cognoscere; see Motion.
mow, v.tr. demetere, sccare ( = to cut).
mower, n. faenisex {fen-), mowing, n. faen-
isicium, faenisicia (fen-).
much, adj. and adv. multus ; — trouble
and labour, plurimum laboris et operae; —also
rendered by subst., such as copia, vis, multitude),
magnus numerus; to have — of a thing, abuv-
dare alqd re (e.g. otio, leisure) ; to have — inter-
course with anyone, multum case cum alqo ; —
more, — less, multo magis, mu'to minus; some-
times also multis parlibus (e.g. to be — greater,
multis parlibus majorem esse) ; — beloved, dilec-
tissimus, carissimus ; as — as, tantus . . .quantus
(adv. tantum . . . quantum) ; — less, nedum, ne
dicam, tantum abest ut.
muck, n. sec Dirt, muck-heap, n. ster-
quiliuian.
mucous, adj. mucosus (Cels.). mucus, n.
pituita [ — phlegm, rheum), mucus (= filth of
the nose).
mud, n. lutum, caenum. muddy, adj.
lutosus (of soil), lutulentus ( = besmeared with
mud) ; see Dirty.
muddld, I. n. turba, confusio; see Con-
fusion. II. v.tr. 1, miscere, turbare, comb.
miscerc ac turbare ; see Confuse ; 2, with drink,
t incbriarc ; to be — d, vino madere (Plant.).
muff, n. manlca ( = a long sleeve).
muffin, n. see Cake.
muffle, v.tr. velare, obvolvire. muffler, n.
tegumentum, teg(i)mentum ; wearing a — , caplte
obvoluto.
mug, n. see Cup.
muggy, adj. humidus ( =damp), densus( *
thick), culidus (= warm).
mulberry, n. morum ; — tree, morus, f.
mulct, v.tr. mullare.
mule, n. mulus, mula.
mull, v.tr. — ed wine, v inum feroidum.
mullet, n. mullus.
multifarious, adj. multiplex, varius. Adv.
varie, multis mod is.
mul
780
mus
multiform, adj. multiformis.
multiplication, n. multiplicatio. mul-
tiply, I. v.tr. 1, in arithmetic, multiplkaiv ;
2, in gen. = to increase, mxdtiplicare ; see In-
crease, II. v.intr. augeri, crescerc.
multitude, n. multitude (of persona and
things), vis, vis, f. (e.g. magna vis hominum),
vulgus, -i, n. (= the — , in contemptuous sense),
by viulti and n. (e.g. multi homines, multac
naves), frequentia, coctus, -us (= number of people
together), multitudinous, adj. crehcr, frc-
linens, multus, nume.rosus.
mumble, v.intr. see Muttbk.
mummer, n. qui jxrsorwm or partes ayit.
mummery, n. persona or partes, -ium.
mummy, n. homo mortuv* arte medico tits
(Tac.).
munch, v.tr. manducare.
mundane, n. 1, lit. mundanvs; 2, rig. =
worldly, alcjs rei (e.g. divitiarum), Btudiosus,
aid rei rieditus.
municipal, adj. municipalis. munici-
pality, n. municipium.
munificence, n. munificent ia, largitas,
liberal itas ; see Generosity. munificent,
adj. munijieus, liberal is ; see Generous. Adv.
munifice, large, liberaliter.
muniment, n, munimentum. munition,
n. instrnmenta, -orum, or apparatus, -us, belli.
mural, adj. muralis.
murder. I. n, cacdes (in gen.), occisio, homi-
cidium ( = homicide), nex ( = violent death),
scelusalciallatum(= crime committed upon any-
one), parricidium alcjs (on a father, mother,
brother, etc.); to commit 8 — , caedem, homici-
dium j'ueere, parriddivm committer/; parricidio
se obstringire ; on anyone, cacdem aids facers or
efficere or perpetrare, mortem per scelus alci in-
ferre, necem alci in/erre, offerrc, alci vim ajferre
( = to Joy hands upon anyone), ulqm inicrficere or
occidere (— to kill anyone) ; accomplice in a — ,
caedis socius, in the context also scckri affinis (as
participating in the — ). II. v.tr. caedere, occi-
dcre,ivte/ficere, trucidare,jugulare, necare, deor e
medio tollere. murderer, n. homiclda, m. andf.
(in gen.), purricida (of a father, mother, brother,
sister, a free citizen, a public officer, one's
sovereign, etc.),fratrieida (of a brother), matriei-
da (of a mother), sicarius ( = who makes a trade
of it), permssor (= who pierces, slaughters any-
one); — of a despot, tyrant, tyrannicida,tyranni
interfector. murderous, adj. sanguinarius
( = bloodthirsty, e.g. man, thought), tcruentvs
(when much blood is shed, e.g. helium, dies; also
bloodthirsty, e.g. thought), atrox or (stronger)
atrocissimus ( = fearful, most fearful, e.g. battle,
pugna; bloodshed, slaughter, cacdes).
murmur, I. u, 1, murmur, -aris, n., fee-
mitlis, -lis (especially of a seditious mob), su-
surrus (= whispering, and of a river); to hear a
thing without a — , sedate or qniete or aequo
mnimo ferrc alqd ; 2, = complaint, querela; see
CoMr-LAi.v. II. v.intr. 1, murmurare, t susur-
rare (of a low continued noise) ; to — (as a sign
of approbation or disapproval), admurmurare ;
as a sign of applause or indignation, fremere
(also = to — at, with aeeus. and infin.); to —
at with a hissing noise, mussare, mussitare;
2, = to complain, qixeri ; see Complain.
muscle, ii. 1, in anatomy, musendvs (Cels.) ;
the — in the arm, lacerlus; 2, a shell-llsh,
mytitus(mit-). muscular, adj. lacertosms ; see
Strong.
muse, n. Musa.
museum, n. museum (as a place where men
of learning meet, not in the sense of a reposi-
tory) ; natural history — , thesaurus rcrum
naturalium exemplis refertus, thesaurus quo res
naturales continental:
musliroom, n. fungus, boletus (= edible — ).
music, n. 1, as art, ars musica, mnsice, -is,
f. (tiovrnicri, ^), musira, -orum, res mitsica; 2,
of musical productions, = composed pieces,
modi (musici) ; = made with instruments, rou-
tes, -its, concentus, -us, symphonic (of several
instruments); to make — with an instrument,
canere (with the abl. of the instrument); to
enter a town with — , urbem ad classieum in-
troire (of soldiers); pieces of --, modi exseripti
(instrumental), musical, adj. 1, = concern-
ing, referring to music, musiens, aptatlis ad usns
cauendi (= adapted for making music, e.g.
instrument, organum) ; 2, = understanding
music, by circumloc. musicis erudltus, arlis
musicae per it us ; to have a — ear, in the con-
text by (Mires erudites habere, aurium judicio
vale re ; 3, = melodious, canorns ; of speerh,
numerosus ; see JIeloiuous. Adv. by adjs. ;
numerose. musician, n. 1, if he plays in public,
servus or jrner symjmoniacus (= a slave), fidicen,
-icinis, in. (= who plays the lyre), Wiicen, -Twin's
(= who plays the Ilute or clarionet), curnicen
(= who plays the horn) ; 2, in a higher sense,
artis musiciae peritus. *
musket, n. sec Gun.
muslin, n. sindon, coa, -orum, byssus.
must, differently expressed, 1, by gerundive
= a necessity inferred from the circumstances
of the case, e.g. people, we, you, etc — die,
moriendum est ; one — confess that every living
creature is mortal, conjitendum est omne animal
esse morlale ; the person by which a thing is
to be done in the dative, very seldom by ah,
and only when a second dative would make the
meaning ambiguous and obscure ; e.g. everyone
— use his own judgment, suo caique judicio
iitendum est ; the property of many citizens is
at stake, of which you — take every care, ugun-
tur bona multorum civium, quibus a vohis con-
sulendum est (here a vohis on account of quibus,
Cic, who in another passage has also two datives
with the gerundive) ; we — take the same road,
haec via (nobis) ingrcdienda ; one — know
nature, noscenda est. natura; the speaker — con-
sider three points, tria videnda sunt oratori ;
2, by oportet (impersonal Set, expressing a ne-
cessity inferred from reason, or from the. law,
or from prudence or justice), with the aecus.
and infin., or merely with the subjunctive mood ;
3, = by ilebere (o^ei'Aeic), to express a moral
obligation, e.g. you — honour him like your
father, sum patris loco colere debts; if we were
affected in seeing the misery of our allies, what
— we now do when we see our own blood
shed? sociorum. miserid eommorehamur, quid
nunc in nostro sanguine facere debemus? Dchere,
therefore, is nearly = ojficium, so that we can
also express — by ojllcium est alcjs and simply
est alcjs, e.g. a stranger — mind only his own
affairs, peregrini officivm est (i.e. peregrimts
debet) nihil praetcr suwn negotium agire ; a
good orator — have heard much, e,-t boni
oratoris (i.e. bonus orator debit) mitlta aurihus
accepisse. Offwium is gen. left out in I, yon
— , 7/ienm, tuum, veslrum est; 4, byjwirnre and
existimare, in the rhetorical style, as a form of
politeness, so that the hearers may be allowed
to come to a conclusion themselves about a
point, e.g. you see to what a pilch the republic
— proceed, vidcte Qiiajn in locum rempublicam
percenluram putelis ; 5, by opus est (impersonal
XPy), in speaking of any event subjectively felt,
and from the supplying of which we expect
mus
781
nak
great advantages ; either with accus. and infill.,
ur if the person who — do, etc., a tiling is
added in the dative, ut with subjunctive mood,
e.g. if anything should happen which you —
know (which it is useful for you to know), I'll
write to you, si quid erit, quod te scire opus est,
scribam ; I — go and wash myself, mini opus
est ut lavem. Also, I — have so and so may be
rendered by mihi opus est, either impersonally
with abl., or personally with the nominative of
the person or thing that — be had, e.g. we —
have a guide, dux et auctor nobis opus est ; we —
use your authority, auctoritate tud nobis opus
est ; 6, by necesse est (impersonal, ardy/oj ea-Ti),
expressing necessity, either with accus. ana
intin., or simply with subjunctive mood, e.g.
this mortal frame of ours — (necessarily) perish
some time, corpus mortale alqo tempore perire
uecessc est; 7, by facere non possum, or simply
noil possum with quin, etc., or Jieri non potest
with ut non, etc., or non possum non with intin.,
to express what cannot be avoided, inward
necessity, e.g. 1 — exclaim, non possum quin
exciamem; 8, simply by the verb: in the in-
dicative, inasmuch as in Latin we often leave
it for the reader to supply in his own mind
under what circumstances an action took place,
e.g., I — confess, confiieor (Ter.), fateor (Cic);
I — regret, doleo (Cic.) ; I — express my sur-
prise, miror (Liv.) ; this one thing I — remark,
unum illud dico ; in the subjunctive, if we
only speak of a supposed necessity, e.g. a cir-
cumstance, at which not only all educated
people, but even savages — blush, o rem dig-
■nam, in qua non modo docti, verum etiam agrestes
erubescunt ; 9, you — (as urgent appeal), either
simply by the imperative mood, or by fac ut,
e.g. ii' you are not satislied with that, you —
accuse your own injustice, haec si vobis non
pmbabuntur, oestrum iniquitatem accusatote ; you
— not (as an urgent warning, not to a thing),
fac nc, etc. (= mind that not, etc.), cave nc (=
take care lest, or not to, etc.), noli with iufin.,
e.g. you — not wish, cave ne cupius.
must, n. mustum.
mustard, n. sinapi (in the genit. sinapis, in
the dat., accus., and abl. sinapi ; the nom.
seldom) ; — plaster, sinapismus (very late).
muster, I. v.tr. 1, recensere (= to examine
through one by one, to ascertain the condition,
number, etc., of the army, cavalry, the senate, the
people), inspkere (= to inspect, e.g. the legions,
arma, viros, equos cum curd inspicere, Liv.);
numerum alcjs inire (of a crowd), comb, recen-
sere et numerum inirc(ofa mass ofpeople) ; 2, fig.
to — courage, animum erigere. II. v.intr. con-
gregari, coire, convenire, adesse ; see Assemble.
III. n. see Assembly.
musty, adj. mucidus (Juv., of bread and
wine), in gen. perhaps obsoletus ; see also Old.
mutable, adj. (eom)mnlabilis, inconstant,
mobilis ; see Changeable, mutability, n.
mutabilitas ; see Change, Levity.
mute, I. adj. mntus. II. n, serous, defining
sense by context, or unus ex iis qui /units
ducunt.
mutilate, v.tr. mutilare (gen. of trifling
mutilations, e.g. nose, ears, finger), truncare (=
to make into a stump as it were, to — entirely,
cut off anyone's head, arms, feet, hands, etc.,
singly or all at once; e.g., a body, coipus ; a
statue, simulacrum), mutilated, adj. muti-
latus, mutiius, truncu-s, truncatvs (mutilus and
tnlncatuaa.m used also of mutilation by nature),
debilis (= infirm, inasmuch as the person that is
mutilated is deprived of the use of the — limb),
curtus (« cut wrong, too small, too short, not
having sufficient size or perfection and com-
pleteness, e.g. eorum omnium, mulla praetermit-
tentium, quasi curia sententia). mutilation,
n. by verb.
mutiny, I. n. conspiratio (= a plot against
the superior), conjuratio (= conspiracy), seditio,
motus, -us (— insurrection). II. v.intr. inter se
conspirare, inter se conjurare (= to conspire),
seditionem facere. mutineer, n. conjurutus,
homo seditiosns. mutinous, adj. seditiosus.
Adv. scditiose.
mutter, v.intr. and tr. mussari, mussitare.
mutton, n. caro (camis) ovilis.
mutual, adj. mutuui. Adv. mutuo.
muzzle, n. = fastening for the mouth,
fisceila.
my, pron. mens ; but only expressed if it is
required to avoid ambiguity, e.g. I have seen —
brother, fratrem vidi ; I am — own master,
mens sum, mei juris sum ; it is — business, —
duty, meum est; I for — part, quod ad me at-
tinet, ego quidem (often noster is used for meus,
as nos for ego).
myriad, n.l,= ten thousand, decern mil{l)ia;
2, = an indefinitely large numbor, sescenti.
myrmidon, n. emissarius, satelles, -itis, m.
(et administer).
myrrh, n, murra (myrrha) ; of — , murrinus ;
anointed with — , imurreus.
myrtle, I. n. myrtus (mur-). II. adj. t myr-
tens; — berry, myrtum; — grove, myrletum.
myself, pron. see I, Self.
mysterious, adj. arcanus; a — affair, res
arcana, mysterium; see Secret, mystery, u.
1, in a religious sense, mysteria, -orvm, sacra,
■orum {— worship, e.g. Cereris) ; to initiate into
the mysteries, mysteriis initiari ; to celebrate,
perform the mysteries, mysteria facire ; thesoaro
mysteries to me (which I don't understand), haec
non intellego ; = sacred, secret, arcanum; 2, =
a secret in gen., res occulta, mystic, I. adj.
I, — belonging to religious mysteries, mysticus,
mysticis disciplinis initiatus; 2, = see Stbanoe.
II. n. homo mysticus, homo studio mysticodeditus.
mystioism, n. studium myslicum (= mys-
terious doctrine), mystification, n. Indus,
ludijicatio (= tricks, fun) ; = fraud, fravs.
mystify, v.tr. alqm fraudare (= to deceive).
myth, n.jdbula. mythical, adi. Ifubulosus.
mythology, n. fabulae. mythological, adj
quod adfabulas pertinet.
N.
nag, n. caballus; see Horse.
naiad, n. naias.
nail, I. n. 1, (on the fingers and toes) un-
guis, -is, m.; dirty — s, ungues sordidi (e.g. and
see that your — s be not dirty, et tint sine sordi-
bus ungues, Ov.) ; to cut the — s, ungues recidcre
or resecare ; to bite one's — s, ungues rodere; 2,
an iron or wooden — , to be driven into a board,
etc., clavus; to drive a — , clavum (de)figere ;
you have hit the — on the head, acu tetigisti ; a
small tack, clavulus; head of a — , clavi bulla.
II. v.tr. = to fasten with — s on anything,
(clavis) affigere, or configlre aid ret, sujfigere in,
alqd; —ed, flzus.
naive, adj. perhaps simplex. Adv. perhaps
sinefuco acfallaciis.
naked, adj. nudus (lit. and tig.); half'—,
seminudus; to niake or strip — , nudart («.j$,
nam
i82
nat
jcorpus). Adv. aperte (= openly), sine fuco ac
fallaciis (= without dissimulation), naked-
ness, n. 1, vudatum corpus; 2, fig. of style,
jejunitas, inopia acjejunitas, exilitas, skcitas.
name, I. n, 1, nome n, (of a person), vocabulum
(= the sign of an object or person), appcllalio(=
the calling, the title), cognomen (== tho family
name); my — is Balbus, est mihi nomen lialbo
or Batons; give him a kiss in my — , suavium
des el meis verbis ; in the — of the state, publice
(opp. privatim); in — (or appearance.) only,
verbo (tenus), verba non re or rcverd; under
the — of, nomine alcjs rei, sub titulo ulcjs rei,
specie alcjs rei (= under the excuse, pretence,
or pretext); 2, fig. nomen; to have a — , magnum
nomen or magnum famam habSre ; to obtain a — ,
nomen consequi, famam colligcre ; nomen also =
.nation or people, e.g. hostile to the Roman —
(= everything Roman), nomini Homa.no inini-
mm otinfesbu.ru ; the terror of the Gallic — , terror
Gallici nominis. II. v.tr. alqm nominare, alci
nomen dare, indire, facere, alci rei nomen im-
panire, alqm appellarc, dicere, nuncupare; to —
after a person, ab nomine alcjs appellate (with
the appellation in the accus.) ; see Call, Ap-
point, nameless, adj. nominis expers; a
certain person who shall be — , homo quidam.
namely, adv. if inserted to add something to
a previous statement, by apposition (e.g. if you
wish to destroy avarice you must destroy its par-
ent, — luxury, avuriliam si tollere vidtis, mater
ejus est tollenda, luxuries); sometimes it may be
rendered by rei. and est (e.g. maxime ilia movens
eloqventia quae est naturulis); more expressive is
dicij or inquam, = I mean, e.g. suptriores oratores,
Crassum dico et Antonium. namesake, n.
todem nomine vppellatus.
nap, I. n. somnus brevis, somnus meridianus
( = sleep in the middle of the day). Ii. v.intr.
paid(l)um conquiesccrc ; see Sleep.
nap, n. (of cloth), perhaps villus,
- nape, n. cervix.
napkin, n. mappa, mantele, -is, n.
narcissus, n. narcissus (riin.).
narcotic, I. adj. by (con)sopire, somnum alci
ajerre. II. n. medicamentum sovuiiflcum (Vlin.).
nard, n. nardus (Vim.).
narrate, v.tr. (lit.) (e)narrare, rcferre, memo-
rare, erponcre alqd alci ; see Tell, Relate,
Recite. narration, narrative, I. n.
narratto (= the act of telling, and the — itself),
relatio (Quint.), memoria(= account of any event
as handed down to us), erpositio (= exposition,
representation), historia (= story). II. adj. bv
nurrare, etc. narrator, n. narrator; auctor,
rerum gestarum pron-untiutor.
narrow, I. adj. l, = of little breadth, an-
gustus (= not broad, not wide, leaving lit! le dis-
tance from side to side, opp. lalus, generally as
censure), artus (= tightened, opp. laxus, gener-
ally expressing praise, hence also fig. = inti-
mately connected, of friendship, etc.), contrac-
tut (= drawn together) ; 2, = not liberal, angusti
animi et parvi, pusilli animi et contract!.; 3, =:
difficult ; to have a — escape, vix oiaegreperi-
■culum effuglre. Adv. -— nearly, aegre, vix (=
scarcely), fere, ferme (= almost) ; = closely,
accurate, diligentcr. II. v.tr. (co)artare, contra-
■here. III. v.intr. in artius coire, cogi. IV.
n. or narrows, aditus, -Us (= access in gen.), an-
gv,3tiaelo:oruni or simply angustiae (= — passage
through a mountain, hollow, etc.), fauces, -ium,
(= — entrance and outlet). narrow-
Qess, n. angvstiuc (lit. of narrow pass, tic;. =
'.aibarratsmont, difficult circumstances, defi-
ciency of understanding) ; -- of mind, animus
angueiwet parvus.
nasal, adj. narium (gen. of nares, = nose).
nascent, adj. nascens.
nasty, adj. 1, of taste, amarus (= bitter),
injucundus, gravis (= unpleasant) ; see Un-
pleasant; 2, = foul, spurcus, ietcr, immundvs,
foedus,obscenus(obscacn-): see Foul. Adv. amare,
gravUer, spurce, tetre, focde, obscene (obscacn-).
nastincss, n. 1, of taste, umaritas, amaritudo ;
of smell, gravitas (Plin.) j 2, focditas, obscenitas
{obscaen-).
natal, adj. natalis, natalicius.
nation, n. populvs, gens,-ntis, f. (= the people
of a country as a whole), natio ; my, your — ,
cives nostri, vestri. national, adj. gentis propri-
us(=: peculiar to a people), domesticus(— referring
to one's own country), popularis (= peculiar to
the great mass of the people), togatus (= only of
the Romans, e.g.fabula togata, =the— drama);
it is — , est gentis proprium (= it is peculiar to
the whole people); — character, mind, of a
people, in the context, natura insita, ingenium,
ingenium hominum, mores, mos ulcjs gentis.
nationality, n. mores popiUi or clvitatis,
mores domestici (= customs at home) ; the — of
the Greeks, mores or omnis mos Graecorum ; to
preserve the — , mores, leges, ct ingenium since-
rum, integrumque a conto.gione accolarum servare.
native, I. adj. indigena, or by circuml. in cd
or Hid terra natus ; — land, patria. II. n., the
— s, indigenae ; the — s of an island, in insula
noli, nativity, n. in astrology, thema, -atis, n.
(Suet.), positus, -its, siderum ct spatia (= place
of the stars at the time of anyone's birth),
sidv.s (-ens, n.) natalicium (— the sign under
which auyono is born); to cast a — , nature
sidera natalicia.
natural, I. adj. naturalis (= coming from
nature, opp. artificiosus ; = founded upon the
nature of things, opp. arccssitus or quaesitus) ;
nativus (— what is so by nature, in its -r- condi-
tion, of things, e.g. wall, dam, hair, colour, grotto,
heat, opp. artificiosus, also of innate qualities,
opp. quaesitus), naturalUer innatus or insitus,
also amply innalusovinsitus, comb, innatnsatque
insitus (= innate by nature, only of qualities),
proprins et naturalis(— peculiar by nature,to any-
one, alcjs), simplex, sincerus (= simple, without a
mixture, of things outwardly seen; hence also
= not artificial, of words, and sincere, not hypo-
critical, of man, opp. fucatus), vcrus {— true, sin-
cere, opp. simulatus, of words, etc.), comb.
sincerus atque rents (opp. fucatus et simulatus) ;
filius non legitimus, a — son ; filius nolhu's, filius
econenbind natus, filius naturalis (Jet.); a —
death; mors, -tis, f . ; to die a — death, na-
turae conccdere ; to be a — consequence <>f
anything, ex ipsd rei nalurd sequi; quite
— ! of course! minime mirum id quidem; —
philosophy, physica, -orum, investigate rerum
naturae ( = study of nature) ; the Greeks
studied — philosophy, nature, Graeci stadium
collocabant in rebus natu-ralibus scrutandis expli-
candisque; — sciences, disciplinae quae naturae
investigatione continoiiur, disciplinae quae in
mundi leges atque in corporum naluram inqui-
ring ; — products, quae terra gignit or jmrit,
qiuie gignuntur in or ^ terra, res naturalcs ; —
gift, ingenium, iwloles, -is. Adv. secundum
natvram, naturaliter, naturae convent enter ; =
unaffectedly, simpliciter, sincere, sinefvcoacfal-
laciis; = clearly, manifesto, necessario. Il.n.sttd-
tv.s ; see Fool. Idiot, naturalisation, n., by
naturalize, v.tr., to — someone, alci civitatem
dare (see Citizen) ; to be — d, civeniesse, in civi-
tote or civitati a(d)scriptvm esse ; to — an animal
or plant, importare. naturalist, d. qui rerum
iiatwralium excmpla (v'ndUpu Ummiirit, df) iifves-
act. nature, u. iwtvta, ivjfenii>rr., in'do!c: l
uau
783
nef
•is l {.. proprietor (= peculiar to anyone or any-
thing) ; natura reram, mundus (= of things,
world), agrl, campi, rus (= open air, fields);
by — , natura, naturaliter ; according to — ,
secundum nataram (= in the course of — , opp.
contra nuturam, i.e. contrary to —), naturae con-
venienter (= in accordance with — , both with
vivere = to live) ; the — of a thing, natura or ratio
alcjs rci; to draw, picture anything from — , ad
verum exprimere alqd (with the pencil or in
writing) ; phenomenon of — , quod in rerum
natura jit, ostentum, prodigium, portentum;
agreeable to — , naturae conveniens or congruens,
naturae or ad naturamaccommodatus, ad nuturam
aptus (opp. naturae or a natura ulienus), natura-
lis (opp. fucatus) ; to be in conformity with — ,
naturae convenire, secundum nuturam esse; law
of — , lex naturae or naluralis (in gen.), ratio
profecta a rerum naturd (= law based upon the —
of things) ; people living in a state of — , populus
nullo officio aut disciplind assuefuctus.
naught, n. nihil; to set at — , parvi facere
(= to make little of) ; see Mock.
naughty, adj. improbus, ivvnodestus (= be-
having in an improper manner), rusticus (=
rude), naughtiness, n. immodestia (= im-
proper behaviour), rusticltus (= rudeness).
nausea, n. nausea, fastidium (= disgust).
nauseous, adj. see Loathsome, Disgusting.
nautical, naval, adj. navalis (e.g. pugna),
■naulicus (= nautical;, maritimus (= belonging
to the sea).
nave, u. 1, of a wheel, modiolus ; 2, of a
building, spatium medium.
navel, n. umbilicus.
navigable, adj. navigubilis, navium pattens
{— being able to carry vessels), navigate,
v.tr. nuvigure in alqo loco or per atom locum or
simply altpn locum, navigation, n. mvigatio
(= the vuyage itself), are navalis (as art, skill).
navigator, n. nauta; see Sailor, navy, n.
copiae navales, naves (= ships), t navts bellicae
{= men-of-war), classis.
nay, adv. hn(m)o (vero); quin etiam, atque
■ etium, atque adeo {— — even); lie is living, — he
comes into the senate, vivit, im(iu)o vcro etiam
in senatum venit; see No.
neap-tide, n. perhaps aeslus (-us) minor.
near, I. adv. prope, juxta, propter (rare); —
two hundred men, ad ducenlos homines; see
Nearly. II. prep, ad, prope, propter with accus.,
.secundum(=z along or by with accus.). III. adj.
1, jrropinquus (= — to with gen.); — er, pro-
pior; —est, proximus; vicinus ( — neighbour-
ing),' a — friend, familiaris ; — relationship,
. ncccssitudo ; 2, see Mean, nearly, adv. prope,
paene,fere, ferine; he was — doing it, in eo crat
lit ; to be — related, alqm genere contingerc,
alei propinquum (et necessurium) esse, near-
ness, n. propinquilas (of place or relationship).
nearsighted, adj. l, non longe prospicere
posse; 2, tig. purum prudens.
neat, adj. 1, = very clean, nitidus (= — -look-
ing, of the outside), comptus (= dressed smartly,
also nitidns, = of — appearance), comb, nitidus
et comptus, elega>is (= elegant in dress, appear-
ance, manners); a — little gentleman, ad nnguem
facius homo (Hor., Bat.), juvenis barbd et comd
nit.idus, totus de capsuld (Sen.); 2,= free from
impure words and phrases, nitidus, comptus (of
the style, the speaker, the writer), comb, nitidus
ei comptus. A<iv. nitide, coinpte, eleganier ; bee
Clean, Elegant, neatness, n. nitor, ele-
gantia (= — as regards outward appearance
■ and manners), mumitia, mundities (= cleanli-
ness).
neat -cattle, n. armenta, -orum. neat
herd, n. armenturius.
nebula, n. nebula, nebulous, adj. nebu^
losus. •
necessaries, u. res quibus cartre non pos-
sumus, res quibus homines vtuntur, res ad vitan*
nccessariae, usus vitae necessarii, quae sunt ad
vivendum necessaria, quae ad vlctum cultumque
pertinent (for our daily sustenance; e.g. wheat,
wood, and other — , frumentum lignanue et cetera
necessaria usibus). necessary, adj. necessari-
us; — things, res nccessariae (in gen.); to pro-
vide with everything — , omnibus rebus ornare
atque instruere, or simply ornare atque instruere;
it is — , necessarium est ; it is — to, etc., or that,
etc., opus est (gen. with infln., sometimes but
not often with ut and subj. mood), necesse est
(with accus. and lnfln., or with subj. mood ; see
Must) ; est quodov cur (= there is a reason why) ;
despatch is — , maturuto or properato opus est,
properes or festines necesse est (= it is — for us
to be quick), est quod festines or festinemus (= it is
desirable to be quick) ; if it should be — , si usus
fuerit, si, qu,is usus venerit, si res postidarit (= if
circumstances require it) ; I consider it —to do
a certain thing, alqd faciendum puto, necesse est
me alqdfaclre (= I must necessarily do a thing).
Adv. necessario, utiquc (= at any rate) ; often by
necesse est with subjunctive mood (e.g. out of
dissipation must — come avarice, ex luxurid
exsiitat avaritia necesse est), necessitarian,
n. qui omnia fato fieri putat. necessitate,
v.tr. by corjere; see Orlige. necessity, u.
1, necessitus ; to be placed in the — , cogi with ut,
etc. [— to see, find oneself compelled), necessario
cogi with infln. (= to find oneself necessarily
compelled); if anyone should be placed in this
— , si quae necessitas hujus rei alci obvenerit , to
perceive the — of a thing, vidcrc alqd neces-
sarium esse; 2, = need ; see Want.
neck, n. 1, = part of an animal's body, or of
the human body, collmn, . cervix (before Aug.
almost always used iu the pi., cervices), gala,
fauces, --ium (= throat, gullet) ; fig. to bend
anyone's — , animum or ferociam alcjs frangere;
to bend anyone's — under the yoke of servitude,
alci jugum scrvitutis injungere ; 2, = a long,
narrow tract of land, cervix (e.g. Pclopouesi,
Plin.), isthmus or isthmos ; 3, = the long, slen-
der part of a vessel, plant, instrument, collum,
cervix, or pi. cervices (of a bottle, etc.) ; os, oris,
n. (— opening of a bottle, etc.). neck-cloth,
u. focale, -is, n. necklace, n. monile, -is,
torques (torquis), -quis, in.
necromancer, n. qui animas mortuorum
excitat.
nectar, n. nectar.
need, I. n. = occasion for something, ne-
cessitas ; there is — of anything, alqd re opus est.
II. v.tr. 1, = to be without, alqd re carere, egere ;
2, = to want, alqd rcquirere, desiderate, alci
opus est alqd re ; it — s a strong man to do this,
strenui est hoc facere. needful, adj. necessarius.
needless, adj. see Unnecessary, needy,
adj. of persons, — haviDg but scanty means to
live upon (opp. locuples, copiosus), egens, indi-
gois, inops (of persons ; see Poor), comb, pau-
per et tenuis, tenuis atque egens. neediness,
n. ret familiaris angustiae (in a higher degree, rei
familiaris inopia), egestas, indigentia (—-want).
inopia (= waDt of what is necessary); se6 Pov-
erty.
needle, c. acus, -fa, t. needlework, n.
opus a^u factum.
nefarious* adj. r^farius; soe Aboiiika£ie,
WiCKpp.. Adv. -nifarie. • . • •
neg
784
nic
negation, I. n. negatio. II. adj. negans,
privans.
neglect, I. v.tr. neglcgcre (neglig-), deesse alci
ni (= to — doing a tiling), intermitiere (= to
intermit, discontinue for a time, e.g. studies,
studio), omittlre (= to omit, give up altogether),
deserire (=to have nothing more to do with
anyone). II. or negligence, n. ncglegentia
(neglig-) (= want of attention), indiligcntia (=
want of accuracy), incuria (= a want of the
care which one ought to bestow upon a thing),
neglcctio (=act of neglecting), by a participle
(e.g. through the — of everything else, relictis
rebus omnibus), neglectful, negligent, adj.
neglegcns (neglig-), indiligens ; see Cakeless.
negotiate, v.tr. agere alqd, agire de alqd re,
or with i'((= to speak about a tiling ; with any-
one, cum, ulqo) ; to — ft peace, agere de conditio-
uibus pads or de pace ; to — with anyone for a
thing, coltoqui cum alijo dc alqd re (by word of
mouth), coltoqui per intemuntios cum algo et de
alqd re mentioncm facfre (by intermediators).
negotiation, n. actio de alqd re (e.g. de pace,
before a war breaks out), paclio (= treaty), con-
didones (= conditions of a treaty), colloquium
(= counsel between two generals by word of
mouth) ; to break off the — s for anything,
infectd, pace dimitlere legatos, dimittere jjuci's
intemuntios. negotiator, n. inter nwUius
Ljnciliator (e.g. ;m'is), legatus (= ambassador).
negro, n. Aethiops, Afer. negress, u.
femina Aethiops, Afra.
neigh, v.intr. hinnire, hinnitum rd(re.
neighing, n. hinnltus, -vs.
neighbour, n. in gen. vicinus, fern, vidua
(of a house, farm, place), finitimus, confinis (=
clo.se to the boundary), propinquus (who stands,
sits, etc., next to a person) ; to be a — , vicinum
esse, neighbouring, adj. victims, propinquus,
eonfinis (of states), pruximvs; — country, terra
rieina or finitima (= — territory), civitasjinitima
i = a — state), neighbourhood, u. vitinia,
vicinitas (= the relation of neighbours to each
other), prdpinnuitus (opp. longinquiUts) ; =
neighbours, vicini (e.g. all the — sees him,
omnes vicini euni vident). neighbourly, adj.
vicinis conveniens or dignus, ut.di^t vicinum.
neither, I.' pron. neuter; in — direction,
on — side, neutro. II. conj. ncc . . . nee, neque
. . , neque, neve (new) . . . neve (neu).
nephew, n. filius fratris (= brother's son),
iilius sororis (= sister's son).
ne-plus-ultra, u. quod optimum est.
nepotism, n. by qui suos colil.
nereid, u. Nereis.
nerve, n. 1, nervus (= sinew, not class, in
modern sense) ; 2, (ig. ncrvi (of oratory, etc.) ;
.see Vigour, nervous, adj. 1, = nervy, ncrvo-
sus (lit. of limbs of the body ; then = full of
vigour, of the style of a writer, speaker, and of
the writer or speaker himself) ; 2, = of weak
nerves, perhaps infirmus, imbeciUis, debilis; sec
Weak; 3, = frightened, timidlis ; see Timid.
Adv. = vigorously, nervose, infirme, tiviide.
nervousness, n. 1, — strength (in speech,
etc.), ncrvi ; 2, see Weakness ; 3, fig. per-
haps animus infirmus, imbed 1 1 us ; 4, timor ;
see Fear.
nest, n. nidus ; a little — , nidulus; to build
a — , nidum facere, (con)flngere, nidijicare.
nestle, v.intr. in gremio alcjs esse (= to lie in
the lap), olqm nmplecii (= to embrace,) ; see Em-
brace, nestling, n. pullus.
net, I. n. In gen. rete, -is, or reticulum (niado
of fine thread with meshes); to knit a — ,
rtta or reticulum Wr' ; =au ornament for the
head, reticulum; a — for catching fish, rete,
ifundajaculmn, evcrrirulum(= adrag — ); a —
for catching birds, rete, plaga, or in pi. plagae;
casses, -mm (for catching animals). II. v.tr.
rcti capcre ; see above.
nettle, n. vrtica (= stinging — ), galeojms,
lamium (= dead — ) (Plin.). nettled, adj.
iratus.
neuter, adj. — gender, neuter, neutralis
(Quint.), neutral, adj. medius, neutrius
partit, comb, medius et neutrius partis, qui est
in neulris partibus, non inaltcrius, ullins partem
inelinatus (in gen.), otiosus (= one who remains
quiet); to be — , medium esse, in nentris partibus
esse, neutram partem scqui, non altcrius, ullius
piartis esse ; to be perfectly — , nullius partis
esse ; to remain — , medium se gcrere, neutri parti
Be adjungcre. neutrality, n. neutrius partis
or ncutrarum partium studium, in the connexion
of the sentence also simply quies or otium (=
the state of quietness), neutralize, v.tr. see
Counterbalance; to — a state, facere ut regio
neutrius partis sit.
never, adv. numqvam (nunquain), non um-
quam, nulto tempore; that he would either re-
turn home as a pontifex or — , domum sr niii
pontificem non reversurum ; as a strong negation,
minime, minime vero, minime gentium, never-
theless, adv. nihilominus, nihilo sctivs, (at)-
tamen ; see However.
new, adj. novus (of what did not exist before,
opp. anliquus = what has already been in exist-
ence a long time); in a wider sense also = not
customary hitherto, unusual, unheard of, as
synonymous with inanditus, hence comb, novvs
tt inanditus ; mni.s(of what has only been made
recently, a short while ago, fresh, young, oj>p.
antiquils, what existed in former times); also
comb, remis ac novus or ho vhs ae recens (to ex-
press both tho newness of the thing itself and
the short existence of it) ; what is still — to a
person (= unaccustomed), insotitus(e.g. dwelling,
domicilium) ; is there anything — ? num quid nam
uavi f new-born, adj. recent na<u's(Plaut.), ea-
tuli reccntes (= — puppies, Var.). newcomer,
n. advena, in. and f. ; see Strancer. new-
fangled, adj. mirus(— strange), novus(= new),
iiwuditus ( — unheard of), new-fashioned,
adj. novus or ?ioro ritu. newly, adv. Muper,
vmdo, (— lately) recens (ante and post class.);
see Lately, newness, n. novitas, insolentia
(of what is uncommon), news, n. alqd novi,
novae res, nuntius ; what — ? quid novi? that is
no — to me, mihi nihil novi offers, news-
paper, ii. acta publico, -otrum ; see Journal.
newt, n. larcrtus, lacerta ( = lizard).
next, I. adj. proximus; in the — year, prox-
imo or insrqnenti anno. II. adv. deinceps,
delude, post liarr, postra ( = afterwards). III.
prep, see NEAB.
nib, 11. = point of a pen, acumen.
nibble, v.intr. admordere, avibedbx ( — to
gnaw at), gnstarc ( = to taste).
nice, adj. 1, = delicious, svueis, dvleit ; 2,
= fastidious, by delicaius ; 3, of judgment, etc.,
acvuratus, diligent, subtilis; see Accurate.
Adv. suavitcr, delicate, acmrate, d'ligenter, sub-
liliter. niccness, nicety, n. 1, of taste,
etc., suavitus, dulcitas (rare); 2, fastidium ; 3,
diligentia, snbtilitas ; to a — , ud unguent.
niche, n. aedicula (for statues).
nick, n. in the — of time, in (ipso) tempore,
opportunmime. nickname, I. n. ntmtn or
nomen per ludibrium datum. II. v.tr. nomen
a!ci per Indibrivm darp.
nie
785
nor
niece, n. fralrisfilia(= brother's daughter),
lovorisfilia (= sister's daughter).
niggardly, adj. see Miserly, niggard-
liness, u. see M.ISKRUNE6S.
night, 11. nox, lenebrae (= darkness); till — ,
in noctem ; by — , node, nodu, nocturna tempore;
early in the — , concubiA node; in the dead
of — , node intempestd. night-cap, n.
gulents ; see Cap. night-dress, night-
gown, night -shirt, 11. vestis noclurna.
nightfall, n. see Evening, Night, night-
ingale, n. luscinia. nightlight, n. see
Lamp, nightly, adj. nocturnus, night-
mare, n. suppressio nocturna (Plin.). night-
shade, n. soianv.m (Plin.).
nimble, adj. mobliis; see Light, Quick,
Swift.
nimbus, 11. t radii.
nine, adj. novem; —times, novie(n)s. nine-
teen, adj. undeviginti, distrib. undeviceni.
nineteenth, adj. undevicesimus, nanus decimus.
ninety, adj. nonaginta, distrib. nonageni.
ninth, adj. nonus.
nipple, n. papilla.
nitre, n. see Saltpetre.
no, I. adv. «o?t, minime vero, minime ....
quidem( = — , not at all), im(m)o, im{m)o vero,
im(m)o enimvero, im(m)o potius ( = — , rather to
the contrary) ; instead of our — in answer to a
(luestion, we generally repeat the verb of the pre-
ceding question (e.g. is your brother within? — 1
tstne. /rater intus t nan est f you are not angry,
I hope? )io?i iratus es > — ! non sum iratus!
don't you believe that? an tu hace non credis f
— , not at all 1 minime vero! are we at fault
then? num igitur peccamusf — , not you 1 mi-
nime vos quidem! so then you deceive him?
flccint hunc decipls? — ! on the contrary ho
deceives tne, im(m)o enimvero hie me declpit ;
— ! that is not it, ye judges; — ! it is not
indeed! non est ita,judices! non est profecto .') ;
to say yes or—, aut etiam aut non. respondSre ;
nne says yes, the other — , hie ait, ille negat ;
to say — to anything that is offered us,
to decline, abnuere* or recusarc alqd or de
idqd re, negare se alqd fadurum esse. II.
(none), adj. nullus, nemo (nullus of persons
and things, nemo of persons only), non ullus,
non quisquam (s= not one, if agreater stress is to
be laid upon the negative ; the former as an adj.,
the latter as a pronoun), neuter (= neither, must
always be used if we speak of two individuals
nr of two parties) ; if nullus and nemo are used
in a partitive sense, that is, if — stands in
upp. to the remaining parts or the whole,
they govern the genit. (e.g. — mortal, nemo
mortalium; — animal is more prudent, nidla
beluarum prudentior est); the genit. may also
sometimes be expressed by a circumloc. with
ile, ex (e.g. — man of our army was killed,
nemo de nostris ceridit) ; sometimes it would
appear that instead of nullus and nemo we use ill
Latin nihil (with genit. when it stands for
nullus) ; however, nihil expresses the negative
niore strongly than nullus ■— none at all (e.g.
(.here is — one (at all) more miserable than I am,
and — one more happy than Catulus, nihil me
inforlunalius, nihil Jbrtuuati us est Catulo ; to
have — doubt (at all), nihil dubitationis hablre);
very often we use — when the negative does not
refer to anything in general, but to something
particular ; in this case, which takes place priu-
pipally when — belongs as an adj. to a noun or
refers as a predicate to a noun previously men-
tioned, wo use in Latin the negative non instead
of nullus(e.g. you ordered them — ship, navem Us
jion imperasti), 'We likewise use non in Latin for
— when the object in English is expressed by a
verbal noun (e.g. to have — fear,7ionti?nere; to feel
— doubt, nonclubitare ; to feel — hatred against
anyone, non odisse alqm, etc.) ; — one, nemo ; at
— place, nusquam ; at — time, numquam(nunq-),
nullo tempore ; and at — time, necumquam; in —
respect, nihil; in — wise, nullo modo, nulla
ratione. nobody, n. nemo, nullus (= no ;
as the genit. of nemo, neminis was little used,
nullius was used instead), nemo homo ; and — ,
nee ullus, nee quisquam ; that — , ne quid ; a — ,
terrae filius. nowhere, adv. nusquam.
noble, I. adj. 1, by birth, nobllie, generosus,
nobili or illustri loco natus ; 2, morally, in-
genuus, magnanimus, praeclarus, honestus, liber-
alis, elatus, excelsus. Adv. — born, nobili loco
natus or ortus, ingenue, praeclare, honeste,
liberaliter, elate. II. n. unus e nobilibus, or by
homo nobilis or generosus ; in pi. the nobles, op-
timatcs, nobiles. nobility, n. 1, by birth, nooi-
litas, genus nobile, generosa stir2>s, -pis; — by
lofty position, summo loco natum esse; 2, = the
nobles ; see Nonus, II. ; 3, moral — , magnani-
mitas, animus ingenuus, etc. ; sec Noble, 1. 2.
nocturnal, adj. nodumus.
nod, I. v.intr. nutate; to — in approbation,
annuerc; to — , = to doze, nidare. II. u.
7iutus, -us.
noise, I. n. strepitus, -us ( = loud — ), fre-
mitus, -its (= low, hollow — , of bees, horses,
etc.), crepitus, -us (= clattering, clashing),
sonitus, -us( = loud, clear bouikIs, e.g. of. a
trumpet), stridor ( — the whizzing, e.g. of- a
saw), fragor ( = the crackling, e.g. of a house
that falls), murmur (= murmuring of water),
turba(= confusion), tumultus,-us(= uproar with
clamour ; then in general any — caused by n
mob or by a single individual), convicium ;
to make a — , strepere, strtpitum edirc, fremcre,
concreparc, strepitum facirc alqd re, tumultuw.
facere, tumultuarl ( = to shout, also in a camp,
when the enemy is approaching), clamarc, dami-
tare (= to cry with a loud voice) ; to inarch out
with great — , magna stripltu. et tumultn castra,
movere. II, v.tr. to — abroad ; see Publish..
noiseless, adj. quietus ( = quiet), tacitus \ —
silent). Adv. quiete, tacitc, (cum) silcntio ( =.
in silence), noiselessness, n. sU«ntium(e.g.
of the night, noctis). noisy, adj. strepens, Sie-
mens, lumultuosus ( = full of shout and up-
roar, e.g. contia), fargutus. !Adv. cam strcpitu.
noisome, adj. foedus, teter.
nomades, n.pl. nomades (vo^aSc:), in pure
Latin, vagae gentes. nomadic, adj. by the
genit. nomddum, or by vagus.
nomenclature, 11. index nonunion or nonun.
nominal, adj. and adv. opp. to real, nomine,
rerbo, per speciem, S))ccie.
nominate, v.tr. nominare, diccre, facere, dc-
signare, (con)salutare (= to greot as), creare ; see
Appoint, nomination, n. nominatio, desig-
nate, nominative, n. casus, -us, nominutivus
or rectus, nominee, 11. use nominatus (e.g,
the — of Caesar, a Caesare nominatus).
non, in conip. (e.g. — residence, see Au-
sence). nonentity, n. nihil; perfect eloquence
is no — , est eerie alqd consummata eloquentia,
nonsense, I. n. incptiae; to talk — , inept*
dicire, aliena loqui. II. interj. nugas! gerrxel
nonsensical, adj. see Foolish.
DQne, adj. see No.
nook, n. see Angle, Corner.
noon, u. = midday, meridiej.
noose, n. laqueus.
nor, tionj. neque; see Neither.
nor
786
not
.normal, adj. see Regular.
north, or northern, or northernly, I.
adj. septentrional is (septan-}, aquilonaris ; —
lights, lumen a septentrionibus oriens ; — wind,
t Boreas, scptentriones venti. II. n. septentrio,
or pi. sej'tentriones, faquilo, t Boreas, north-
east, adj. inter scptentriones et orientcm spec-
tans ; the — wind, Aquilo. north pole, n.
t polus glacialis, gclidns, or simply t polus (Ov.)
or axis (scptentrionalis). northwards, adv.
septentrionem versus, north-west, adj. inter
scptentriones et oaasum solis spectuns; — wind,
Cawus (Cor-).
nose, n. nasus, nares, -ium( = nostrils, hence
the — , an organ for breathing and smelling ; also
the sing., naris, if we speak of one nostril) ; to
blow the — , nares or se emungcre ; to turn up
the — , naribus contemptum or fastidium ostcn-
dere ; to turn up the — at anyone (from con-
tempt), alqm suspendire naso (Hor.).
nosegay, n. fasciculus.
nostrils, n. nares, -ium, f.
nostrum, n. medkamcntum.
not, adv. non, hand (the former in gen., the
latter only in certain comb., chiefly before adv.
and adj., to modify their meaning, e.g. — much,
hand multum ; — far, haud longc) ; nullus, as
frequently used by modern writers, in ancient
writers not merely = non, but = — at all (e.g.
Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed, etc., Cic.);
minus (= less, notas strong as non), nihil (stronger
than — , = by no means), neutiquum, haudqua-
quam, nequaquam, minime (also stronger than
— ), nc (expresses a request, wish, command,
e.g. do — resist, if, etc., ne repugnatis, si, etc. ;
dare — , nc audeto); fac ne, with subjunctive
mood (sec Lest, etc.), or cave (ne) with subj.
(= take care lest, etc.), or noli (with infin. = do
— wish, all three only = an invitation, a request,
etc., uttered in a modest manner, instead of ne;
do — be tempted .to, ewe capias; do— believe
it,"c«i'e credos); in double prohibitions, neve
(neu) . ..neve (neu) ; after verbs of fearing, —
= ut (e.g. vercor ut venial = I fear that he will —
come). ' In questions, — is expressed by annon
(= perhaps — ), when' an affirmative answer is
expected (e.g. did 1 — say perhaps that it
would happen so? annon dixi hoc futurumf) ;
or nonne, if we put a question with a view
to convince anyone that we are right (e.g. what,
does — the dog resemble the wolf? quid, cants
nonne lupo similis?) ; by nc (enclit.), esp. with
verbs that express a perception, if we are not
certain whether the person spoken to perceives
the thing (e.g. do you — see that in Homer
Nestor makes a boast of his virtues ? videsne ut
apud Homerum saepissime Nestor de virtutibvs
praedicet ?); by non, if we think that the
person does — at all perceive the thing to which
we wish to direct his attention (e.g. do you —
see how great the danger is when, etc., non
vides quanta periculo, etc.! Dv num, when a
negative answer is expected ; — on any account,
minime, minime gentium, fac or cave ne with
subj., noli with infin. ; — by any means, nulla
pacta, nullo modo (= in no wise), nihil ; — at all,
neutiquam ; — so very (before an adj. or adv.),
haud or non, ita (e.g. — so very far, haud (non)
ita long<i); — sufficiently, — quite, non satis,
parum (= too little) ; — even, ne . . . quidem
(the word upon which the stress lies must be
placed between ne and quidem; e.g. I do — even
consider this profitable, ne utile quidem hoe
*xe arbilror); — so, = — in this manner, non
■'2, non sic: = less, m.inns (e.g. — to stray
so far, minus late vafcri); but -^-. nop. vcrj,
r'j.i veto, n'onavtem (the second in passing f o
something else ; non autcm sometimes separated
by a word which is put between, e.g. but I can —
tell you, non possum autem dicere ; if "but — "
is merely used to introduce an antithesis, non
alone is used, e.g. I mean the father, but —
the son, dico patrem, non jilium); — either,
nee or neque (e.g. Epicurus says, we do —
require understanding, nor words either, Epi-
curus negat opus esse rations, neque displlta-
Hone ; fortune does — give us virtue, and there-
fore does — take it away either, virtutem for tuna
-non dat, ideo wee detrahit) ; bnt also . . . — , ncc
. . . quidem (the word'upon which the stress lies
is placed between me and quidem, especially in
opp. to somethiug else, e.g. but also Jugurtha
did — remain quiet in the meantime, sed ncc
Jugurtha quidem quietus interea) ; and — , et non
(when the negative refers to one word only, as
when the stress lies upon the negative), neque
(to connect two sentences or two parts of the
same sentence, e.g. via ceria et non longa = a
safe road and one that is — very long, but via
certa neque longa = a road both safe and short) ;
and so — , and therefore — , ae non (to express
an inference, e.g. there was nobody who would
have taken him to be accused of a crime, and
who would — therefore think that he had been
condemned over and over again, nemo erat qui
ilium reum, ac non millies condemnatum arbitra-
retur); and — rather, ac non potius, or simply
ae non; and — less, atque eiiam, itemque (= and
so also, likewisealso) ; to say — , by negare; my
friend said that he would — do it, mens amicus
negabat se hoc faclurum esse; in connexion with
an adj., — is often rendered in Latin by one
word, containing — and the adj., e.g. — prudent,
omens (= silly), demens (— foolish) ; — pleasant,
injucundus, ingratus.
notable, adj. see Remarkable.
notary, u. scribd (publicus).
notation, n. inscriptio alcjs rei (upon) ; =
the act of noting down, (pe}')scriptio, subscrip-
/i'o(=.the writing down of one's name, nominis).
note, I. n. 1, in music, soni or coeis signwn ; to
play or sing from — s, ex libello caiiere (not from
memory); 2, = letter, epistuht (ejdstola), lit-
(l)crae. II. v.tr. 1, by scriberc, exarare (= to —
down, in letters of Cic.); 2, see Notice, notes,
n. pi., dictata, -orum (= dictations of a professor
written down by the student), note-book,
n. adversaria, commentarii (Plin. Mill.), pugil-
lares (Plin.); see Journal, noted, adj. see
Famous, noteworthy, notable, adj. sec
Remarkable, notice, I. n. obser ratio, ani-
madversio, notalio, comb, notutio et animadver-
sio; to take — , animadvert ere ; to give — ,
see Proclaim, Dismiss. II. v.tr. animad-
verterc; see Remark, noticeable, adj. see
Remarkable, notify, v.tr. aUpn alcjs rei
cerliorcm faccre, alqd (de)nuntiare ; see Inform.
notification, n. promulgatio (of laws), de-
nu nt in tio (in gen.), note ef-hand, n. chiro-
graphum.
notch, I. n. see Indent, Incision. II.
v.tr. striate (in architecture), incidcre (= to
make incisions, e.g. in a tree).
nothing, n. nihil (nil), nihilum, nulla res;
since nihil must be considered as a noun, it is
.used with adjectives or with a gen. (e.g. — of
the kind, nihil tale; to think — mean, nihil
humile cagitare ; he has done — new, nihil novi
fecit ; to anticipate — good, nihil boni divinare) ;
to rise from — , ex nihilo oriri ; out of — cornea
— , de nihilo nihilf.t, de nihilo nihil creo.ri poteit ;
to be as good as — , pro nihilo esse; with com-
paratives, nihilo, e.g. — greater, nihilo majys;
— lets, nihil minus, n>hit virp minus; —but,
nihil ;■*• (but not nih'il qu&m) ; — else but,
not
787
nym
nihil all ud nisi, nihil aliud gueH»(the latter it'
in the words preceding, lam, so mucli, is to be
understood); and — , ?iec quidquam ; I have —
to fear, nihil est quod timeam; I have — to say
in reply, nihil est quod rcspondcam ; to care —
for, alqd nonjlocci or parvi facere, or pro nihilo
ducire; good for — , inutilU ( = useless); nequam
(of a good-for fellow).
notice, n., notify, v. far., see under No-
tation.
notion, n. see Conception, Idea.
notorious, adj. 1, = well known, notus,
manifestus, clarus, tritus, celebratus, comb, trims
ac celeb ralus(— commonplace); 2, inabad sense,
insignis or lnjb.mis alqd re, or by superl. (e.g. a
— evil-doer, homo sceleratissimus). Adv. mani-
festuvi est, with ace. and infiu. notoriety,
n.'Jama (in gen.), injamia (in bad sense).
notwithstanding, adv. nihilominus (or in
two words, nihilo minus), tamen, attamen, vcrum-
tamen, often not expressed after etsi, etc. =
although.
nought, n. see Nothing.
noun, u. nomen (Gram.) ; see Substantive.
nourish, v.tr. nutrirervatory, n. sj>evulu astronomiexi.
observer, u. custos, -odis, m. and f. (= guard,
keeper), animadcersor(= who gives heed to, e.g.
vitiorum, Cic), spectator(= a looker-on), specula-
tor^ who spies out ; fern, spcculatrix) ; an — of
nature, speculator venatorque naturae ; — of the
sky and stars, spectator caeli sider unique; an
acute — , homo acirtns, sagax (of quick percep-
tion) ; a conscientious — of all his duties, om u in »i
officiorum observantissimus.
obsolete, adj. obsoieins(lit. = worn out, cant
off', e.g. restis; llg. verba), ab usu quotidiani ser-
mon is jam diu intermissvs (== long since out of
use in ordinary language), ab ultimis et jam bb-
literatis temporibus repefitus (= far-fetched from
bygone times ; both of words).
Obstacle, n. impedimentum.
obstinate, adj. pertinax (of persons, and
things which continue unabated, e.g. an illness),
pervicav (= resolute), obstinatus, ofirmutus (=
steadfastly persevering, the latter in a bad
sense) ; an — illness, morbus longinqnus (=
long) ; to observe an — silence, obstinatum silen-
tivm obtinerc. Adv. perthuiciter, pervicaciter,
obstinate, obstinato animo, offirmatd voluntate.
obstinacy, n. pertinacia, pervicacia, obsti-
uatio, animus obstinatus, voluntas offirmatior.
obstreperous, adj. tumultuosus.
obstruct, v.tr. 1, = to block up, obstruere,
obstare, officcre (with dat.), obsaepire (pbsep-), in-
tersaepire ; to — the light, obstruere or oJKcere
luminibus alcjs ; 2, = to retard (e.g. progress),
sec Hinder, OrrosE. obstruction, n. im-
pedimentum; see Stoppage, Hindrance, ob-
structive, adj. quod iinpedimento est, quod
impedit, quod obstat et impedit.
obtain, I. v.tr. compotem fieri alcjs rei,
potiri alqd re (= to get possession of), adiplsci
(— to — what one desires), alqd assequi, conseqiii
(by an effort), nancisci (by chance or through an
opportune circumstance), impctrare (= to get
what was requested), obtinere ( = to — and keep
what we claimed), auferre (as the fruit of exer-
tion), acquircre (in addition to what ono has),
exprimcre (= to extort, e.g. money, nuinmnlos
ab (dqo) ; to — by entreaties, exorare (anything
from anyone, alqd ab alqo) ; to — the highest
power, rerum potiri. II. v.intr., see Prevail
obtaining, n. adeptio, impetratio (of what we
requested).
obtrude, v.tr. see Intrude.
obtuse, adj. hebes (dull ; lit. of a sword,
angle, fig. of persons, mental qualities, the
senses, etc., e.g. homo, ingenium), obtusus,
returns (lit. — blunted, of a sword, angles, etc. ;
then llg. of things, e.g. ingenium; all three lit.
and tig., opp. ucutus), comb, obtusus et hebes (e.g.
scythe, /(Ua). obtuseness, n. see Dulnkss,
Stupidity.
obverse, n. (of a coin, opp. reverse), num-
mus uversus.
obviate, v.tr. alci rei occurrirt or obviam
ire (= to prevent), praecavbre alqd (= to pre-
vent by precaution) ; see Hinder.
obvious, adj. apertus, mani/cstus, clams,
perspicuvs; see Clear, Evident. Adv. aperte,
manifeste, dare, perspicue.
occasion, I. n. 1, sec Time, Opportunity ;
2, = incidental cause, occasio, caus(s)a, auctor
(= author, of persons) ; to give an — for, ansam
occ
■90
offi
tfore or praebere alcjs rei or with ad ulqd facien-
dum (= to afford a handle for), occasionem dare or
praebere alcjs rei (e.g. suiopprimendi, of suppress-
ing him), locum dare or facere alci rei (= to
give room for) ; on every — , quolie(n)scumqlie
(■cunque) potestas data est. II. v.tr. auctorem
esse alcjs rei (— to be the author of, e.g. a war,
belli ; anyone's return, alcjs reditus), c.reare (==
to create, e.g. an error, errorem ; war, bellum),
movSre (=to excite, e.g. laughter, risum ; war,
bellum), caus(s)am alcjs rei inferre (= to give the
tlrstcause, e.g. for a quarrel, jurgii) ; see Causk.
occasional, adj. render by occasione data or
oblatd, si occasio fait or Merit, or by per occasio-
nem ; see Accidental, Casual. Adv. rnro
(= seldom), evbinde, aliquando (c now and
then).
Occident, n. see West.
occiput, n. occipitium (Plin., opp. sinciput),
aversa pars capitis.
occult, adj. occultus ; see Abstruse, Ob-
scure.
occupy, v.tr. 1, = to hold or possess,
habere, tencre, in manibus habere, possidere ; 2,
= to take, capere, occiipare, expugnare (urbcm),
l/otiri re ,' to be quite occupied with anything,
studio alcjs tei teneri or trahi, studio or amore
alcjs rei capium esse, occupapcy, n. jws-
sessio. occupation, n. 1, (of a place) occu-
patio, expugnatio (= storming) ; 2, (in busi-
ness) negolium; see Business, Occupier, Pos-
sessor.
occur, v.intr. 1, = to come into one's mind,
render by in vientem mild alqd venit, mihi in
opinionem alqd venit (as a conjecture), suhit ani-
vntm cogitatio, in vientem <>r in cogitationem mihi
incidit alqd (= the thought comes into my
inind), mihi or animo or in vientem occurrit
alqd, mihi succurrit (= it just strikes me), subit
recordatio, recordor or rcminiscor alcjs rei; 2,
of passages in books, reperiri (=to be round),
IfQi ; 3, = to happen, fieri (=: to become),
accidere, evenire (= to happen), occurrence,
n. casus, -ns, res gesta (= thing that has hap-
pened ; in context, also res), eveutnm (= event).
ocean, n. oceanus.
ochre, n. ochra (Plin.).
octagon, n. octogdnos (octag-). octagonal,
adj. octagonos, -on.
octave, n. (in music) 1, = an interval of
an eighth, diapason ; 2, = the eight notes,
O'.to vi:es or soni.
octennial, adj. octo annorum.
October, n. (nensis) October.
octogenarian, n. octnginta annorum (in
gen.), octoginta annos natus (= 80 years old).
ocular, adj. by oculus (e.g. to give — evi-
dence of, alci ulqd ante oculns proponere) ;
see Visible, oculist, n. medians qui oculis
medetur.
odd, adj. 1, = uneven, impar (e.g. number);
2, = rejnaining, left over ; — moments,
tempora subsieiva (subsec-) ; see Surplus ;
3, see Singular, Strange, Extraordi-
nary. < ddity, n. 1, = Oddnkss ; 2, = queer
fellow, homo mirubiliter moratus. oddness,
n. see Singularity, etc. odds, n. see Advan-
tage, Superiority.
ode, n. ode or oda (late), carmen; see Song,
Poem.
odious, adj. odiosus (= hateful), invisus (=
detested), invidiosus (= exciting envy and dis-
like), offensus (of what has given offence and is
therefore hated) ; to be — , odium or invidiam
hrtrfre (of things) ; not to be — -, odii or invidiae
nihil habere (of persons and things) ; to be — to
anyone, alci esse odiosum or invisum or offensum,
alci esse odio or in odio, apud alqm esse in odio,
alci esse invidiae. Adv. ottiose, invidiose.
odiousness, n. odium, or render by Odious.
Odium, n. invidia.
odour, n. — smell, odor ; see Smell, odor-
iferous, odorous, adj. t suaveolens, lodorvs,
odoratus {= sweet-smelling ; poet.).
Odyssey, n. Odysse'a.
of, prep., by the genitive ; after a verb or an
adjective by the case or preposition tho Latin
word requires ; after partitive words, including
comparatives and superlatives, by the genlt. or
a prep, according to the rules of syntax ; by an
adjective (e.g. a basin — marble, lubrum marmo-
reum) ; this preposition is sometimes used for
others (e.g. a temple constructed — (out of)
marble, aedes ex marmore exstructa ; I have
heard nothing — (about) that affair, ed de re
nihil audivij.
off, adv. = away from, out of, ab, de, ex; to
go — , decedcre ; to go — secretly, subterfugerc ;
to bring — , auferre ; to slip — , elabi; to get — ,
evadere ; to bear, carry — , auferre ; to be well — ,
dtvitcm or locuphtem esse, alqd re abundare ; to
lie — (of geographical position), udjaccre alci
loco ; far — , longe or procnl ; to be far — , longe
abesse.
offal, n. of meat, perhaps caro ad vescendum
non apta.
offend, v.tr. offendere (= to put a stumbling-
block in a person's way), laedere (=to wound
the feelings), violare (= to outrage), jningere
(= to sting), viordere (= to bite); without
in:,' you, jiace luA dixerim; to be — cd, ae.gre or
molcstc fei re ; to have in it something which — s,
habere alqd offensionis. offence, n. 1, = anger,
etc., offensio, ira ; to take — , irasci; to give — ,
laedere; see Anger; 2, = a fault, peccatum, </<-
lictnm, cul}vi ; sec Fault, offender, n. revs
(— accused person) ; sec Culprit, offensive,
adj. 1, quod offensionem alci affert, odiosus (=
hateful), pntidus (= — to good manners); that
is more — to me, id aegrius potior; sec Loath-
some, Odious ; 2, of war, helium alone, except
where opposition to defensive is strongly ex-
pressed, then by verb (e.g. bellum orcebant magis
qnam inferebant — U\ey waged a defensive rather
than an — war). Adv. pntide, or by adj. offen-
siveness, n. by adj.
offer, I. v.tr. offerre, proJUeri (= to propose
voluntarily), polliceri(=U) promise ; all alci alqd),
porrigire (=: to — with the hand held out, e.g. a
small coin, assem), praebere (= to hold out, e.g.
mannm, os; then fig. = to proffer), praestare ( =
to afford, e.g. fowls — a lighter kind of food, airs
leviorcm eibum praestant) , darc(— togive) ; to —
violence to, vim alci offcrre ; to — one's services
to anyone, alci operam suam offcrre ; to — one's
services in, at anything, ad rem or in alqd re
operam suam projiteri; to — one's goodwill,
slutlinm profiteri; to — anything to a person of
one's own free will, alqd alci ultro offcrre otpol-
liceri ; to — battle to the enemy, host cm ad pug-
nam provocare ; to — hospitality to anyone, ohpn
invitare hospitio or in hospitivm; to — up,
ufferre (= to bring as a contribution), offerre. II.
v.intr. = to present itself, offerri, dari (of
things, e.g. of an opportunity), ob(f)ici (acci-
dentally), suppctere (— to be in store, at hand).
III. n. coadicio (also = an — of marriage) ; to
m.-.ke an — to anyone, condicionem alci fare,
deferre or offcrre or proponere. offering, n.
see Sacrifice.
office, n. 1, mnnns, -eris, n. (= function), offi-
cittm (— what one has to do), parte, -imn (= par-
ticular sphere), provincia (duty imposed upon
offi
791
0110
one), sors, -tU, f. (= duty allotted to one), locus
{= appointment), magistratus, -us (= magis-
terial — , opp. imperium, a military command
during war), honos (honor) ; that is my — , hoc
meant est;. 2, = a kindness, benejicium, officium;
see Kindness, Dutv; 3, = place of business,
domus, -fi.s (irreg.) ; at anyone's — , apud ulqin.
officer, 1, ». = military — , praefectus militum
or militaris, praepositus militibus, or by some
special term (e.g. ccnturio, tribunus) ; naval — ,
pmefectus classis or mvii ; 2, = civil — , rendered
by magistratus, -us; for particular — s, see their
titles.' official, I. adj. == pertaining to a
public office, e.g. — report, lit{t)crne publicac ;
to make an — report, referrt de alqa re, deferre
tie alqd re. II. u. = olllcer, render by Office,
or a special title. Adv. publice, mtblicd auctori-
talc, 'officiate, v.intr. render by Office, e.g.
to — instead of another, ulcjs officio fungi;
see Office, officious, adj. molestns, alcjs sin-
diosus (= desirous of servingone). Adv. molcste.
officiousness, n. studium (towards one, ergu
or In alqm).
offing, n. (inure) altum.
offscourings, n. pvrgamenta, -orum (lit.
and lig.).
offspring, n. progenies, stirps, liberi (= chil-
dren).
oft, often, adv. sacpe, saepenumero (= often-
times), crebro (= repeatedly), multum (—many
times) ; to be — with a person, multum esse cum
alqo; I do a thing — , soleo alqd fctcerc ; also by the
adjs. creber and frcqucns ; see Frequent (e.g. he
was — in Rome, emt l'omae frcquens); in many
cases the idea of — is expressed by frequentative
verbs (e.g. to read — , kctitare; to visit — ,
frequentare) ; more — , saepius, crebrius ; very
— , sacpissime, 2>crsaepe, creberrime, frequcntis-
sime.
ogle, v.tr. oadis limis intueri or a(d)spicere
(= to look sideways).
ogre, n. ■umbra quaedam teterrima.
oil, I. n. oleum (in gen., but lit. = olive — ),
olivum (= olive — ); belonging to olive — ,
olearius; to paint with — colours, pigmentum
oleutum iaducere aid rei. II. v.tr. oleo ungire,
oleo perfiuulirr. (all over), oilman, n. (merca-
tor) olearius (Plin.). oilpainter, n. pictor
qui pigmentis oleatis utitur. oil-painting, n.
pictura pigmentis oleatis facta, oily, adj. olearius
(=of oil), oleaccus (=like oil ;.Plin.), oleosus (=
full of oil; Plin.).
ointment, n". unguentim, nardus (of nard
oil) ; — for the eyes, collyrium.
old, adj. = that which has long been, vetus,
vetuslm, invcteratus, antiquus (= ancient), pris-
ons (= primitive), pristimis (— at the first), ob-
soM«s(=gone out of use); in comparative, — er
(that which was before another thing), prior,
superior (e.g. Dionysius the elder, Dionysius
superior) ; an — soldier, veteranus miles ; nn —
evil, malum invctcratum ; an — custom, vios a
patribus acceptus ; as applied to men, in the
sense of having lived long, grandis, comp.
grand lor (with or without natu), aetate gravis
i— weighed down with years), j grandaevus, vetu-
lus (contemptuous term) ; an — man, senez; an
— woman, corns, auicula, vctula ; to be of a cer-
tain age, natum esse (with the time in the accus.) ;
oeto (vinos natus est, — ho is eight years old, or
octo aunnrum est; see Elders, Ancient, old
age, n. senectus, -utis. old-fashioned, adj.
obsoletus (= out of fashion), antiquus, priscus (—
old), olden, adj. priscus; see Old. older,
comp. major (with or without natu) ; the oldest
(or eldest), maxim us natu.
olfactory, adj. quoded odorem pertinet.
oligarchy, n. paucorum potentia or potestas\
or administrate or dominalio, respublica quae
paucorum potestale regilur (as a state), oligar-
chical, adj. e.g. to become — , in paucorum jus
ac dicionem cedere.
olive, I. n. oliva, olea; — -tree, olea,
oliva ; the wild — -tree, oleustris ; — grove,
oliii'tum ; — season, harvest, oleitas, olhitus.
II. adj. oleaginius.
Olympiad, n, Olymvias, • ia'dis, f. Olym-
pic, adj. Olympicus; the — games, 01ympia x
■orum.
omelet, n. laganunt.
omen, n. omen (in gen. — a prognostic token),
osteal urn (=a portentous prodigy), auspicium,
avgurium (— augury), portentum, monstrum, pro-
digium (= prodigy), ominous, adj. ominosus.
Adv. ominose.
omit, v.tr. 1, = to neglect, mittcre or omit,
tare alqd, or with inlln. ; sec Neclect; 2, = to
le&voQ\it,cmiiUen,praetermiUert,praeterire,traH8~
ire (—to pass over), interinittere (for a time).
omission, n. = neglect, intermissio (for a
time, e g. of a duty, officii) ; = leaving out, prae-
termissio.
omnipotent, adj. sec Almighty, omni-
present, adj. ubiquc praesens, omnipres-
ence, U. to feel God's — , Dei numeu et spiritual,
ubiquc diffiusum sentire. omniscient, adj.
cujus not it iam nulla res effugit, qui omnia videl
el audit (= who sees and hears all things), omnia
provident et aninwdvertens (=wb0 foresees and
perceives all things ; all three of God), om-
niscience, n. by adj.
on, I. prep, of place, in with ablat. (e.g. fn
saxo, — the rock ; tn terrd, — the ground, e.g.
fructus in terrd est); in scaend (seen-), — tin-
stage ; in capite, — the head ; in eqno, — horse-
back ; in limite, — the borders ; "on " is some-
times rendered by ex (e.g. to hang — the tree,
pendere ex urbore) ; as denoting time, — is ex-
pressed by the ablat. without a preposition
(e.g. — the fourth day, quarto die) ; = after, by
ex (e.g. statim ex consulatu, — the expiration of
his consulship), or by abl. abs. ; a, or ab often
represents — (o.g. — tho side, a parte ; — the
left hand, ab laeva; — the wing, a latere ; to be
— anyone's side, stare ab alqo [= to take part with
one]) ; bad — the part of — in disposition, ab
ingenio improbus; =near, or in the direction
of, ad, juxta (e.g. ad meridiem, — the south ; ad
Tiberim, — the Tiber) ; to speak — or upon any-
thing, dc alqd re loqui; — account of, propter,
ob, per alqd, de, pro, prae alqd re; caus(s)d,
gratia, ergo (alcjs rei, the two former also with
pers. pron., e.g. mt& gratid, all placed after
their case, ergo only ante class.) ; — account of
fear, propter timorem (prae melu); so proptei*
pecuniam ; projiter hereditatem contentio oritur, a.
strife arises — the inheritance ; amicitia propter-
se expetenda, friendship is to bo sought for — its
own account ; — account of business I cannot,
etc., pel' negotia mihi non licet; — certain
reasons, writs de caus(s)is ; — account of the
noise it can scarcely be heard, prae strepitu rix
audiri potest. II. adv. or onwards, porro.
onward ! lntcrj. perge, pergltc.
one, adj. as a numeral, wins, -n, -urn ; a
certain — , quidam ; sonic—, aliquis; some -~
of you, aliquis ex robis ; any — , quispiam (e.g.
forsitan quispiam dl.xcrit, any — may perhaps
say ; so dicet aliquis forte, some — will perchance
say); each — , quisque. ; after si', nisi, ne, num,
quando, ubi, aud generally in conditional pre-
positions, even without a conjunction, use quis
instead of aliquis or quispiam (e.g. ubi semel quis
pejeravcrit, tiposteacrt&l non oportd =when once
oni
792
Cpe
any — lias sworn falsely, he ought not after-
wards to be believed); in negative sentences,
ami in Bach as contain a negative sense, " any
— " is to be rendered as a noun by quisquam,
and " any " alone ns adjective by ullvs (o.g. erf lie
quisquam omnium mortatium tic quo melius txis-
timet In ? is there any — of nil mortals of whom
yon think better? so nil erf vlltt res tantif is
there anything so important?); "as any — ." is
rendered qiiaiu qui liltmiiie (e.g. tam sum amicus
reijiitlilirae qvam qui maximc, = I am ns friendly
to the state as any — ); no --,nr.mn; — —alter
when there are only two objects (e.g. ulterojiede
rhinitis, == lame in — foot) ; units ille, = that —
(e.g. iiniuii illttd addam, = 1 will add only that
— thing) ; into verbo, = in — word ; not even
— , ne unus quidem, non nllvs, nemo unus (=.not
a single person) ; not — of us, nemo de. nobis
nnus ; not — of them, ii nulli ; — and another,
unus et oiler, tutus altcrqite (= both together);
some — , several, non nemo, unus et item alter ;
— after the other, alius "post alium, alius ex alio ;
singuli, = — by — ; — as much as the other,
Uterque pariter, amho par iter; the — ... the
other, alter . . . alter ; hie . . . ille ; jv.ior . . .
posterior; alii . . . alii; alii . . . pars (or part-
im) ; pars . . . alii ; quidam . . . alii ; — . . .the
other, alter alterum (of two), alius alium (e.g.
cite/' alterum or alius alium adjitvat, = the —
assists the other); so inter se (e.g. timent inter
se, = they fear — another); if "other" refer
to a substantive, repeat the substantive (e.g.
manvs ntanvm lavat, = — hand washes the
other; so ciris ciri paret) ; at — time ... at
another, alias . . . alias (e.g. alias beatus, alias
miser); — and the snnie, vnus atqne idem, unus
idemqne ; 1010 eodemque tempore, = at — and
the same time ; it is — and the same, idem
erf, jar est ; — ... and other, alivd . . . aliud;
to be — niul the same, nihil differre, nihil in-
Urease ; labour and pain are not -• and the same,
interest ahjd inter luborem et valorem ; it is all —
to lne, meO nihil interest ; — might have thought,
crederes, pvtares ; — or the other, ultervter.
once, adv. 1, as numeral, seinel ; — and for
all, semel ; — more, iterum (= again, for the
second time), denito, de noro (= anew, afresh);
more than — , semel atqve. iterum, semel iter-
utnre, semel et suepius, non semel (= not — ,
but often, e.g. jttti alqd); — or, at all events,
not often, se?ne2, aut non saepe eerie ; not — , ?io/.
Sfmel, ne semel quidem (= not even — ) ; at — , all
at — , rej>ente, subilo (= suddenly, e.g. why has
this been done all at — ? quid repents factum ?);
statim, i/(l):ro simvl (= at. the same time, e.g.
trium simiil bellorum victor, Liv.) ; all the people
at — , omnes simvl (= at the snme time), {omnes)
vniversi, cuncti (together) ; one at a time (or
at — ), singuli; many at. — , nutlti simnl ; 2, of
time, uliquando, and after ne or si simply quaiulo
(— some time, past or future, which we are not
able or willing to specify, e.g. did you — hear of
him? uvm ex eo aniiivisti aliqttamlo f) ; quail-
doque (= some time or other, e.g. he will — (i.e.
some time) remember the kindness he received,
quandoqve beneficii memor fittttrus est) ; quondam
(= some time past, e.^. that virtue — existed in
this republic, yu.it Ista quondam in hue republicd
rirtus). dim (= at some remote time past, or
future, opp. nunc, nujier ; hence in fables or
narratives = — upon a time) ; — at last, tandem
aliqvando; if — , si quando. one-oyed, adj.
1/710 ocnlo captus, luscus. oneself, pron. ij-se.
one-sided, adj. see Unequal, Uhkair,
onion, n. caepa (caepe).
only, I. adj. unus, solus, unions, solus, sin-
gnlaris (also = distinguished) ; (he said that)
he was the — parson, etc., who, imum se ex omni
ciritate Aeduorum qui. lit adv. Wnm, tandvm
(modo) ; not — . . . , but also, lion tantnm
(solum) . . . , sed etiam.
onset, onslaught, n. incursio; sec Attack,
Assault.
ontology, 11. * onlologia (t.t.), or by Circuni-
loc. (e.g. scicntia illius quod jier sc c3(s)istit).
ontologioal, adj. * ontologicus (technical).
onward, adv. see On.
onyx, 11. onyx (Plin.)
OOZ0, v.intr. •manure, t (tle)stillarr, f sudarr,
emanate (also lig.). oozy, adj. uliginosus.
opal, n. opalns (Plin,).
opaque, adj. hand pclincidus or trims-
lueidns.
open, I. adj. 1, = not closed, (cid)a}>ertu*
(= not shut, not cloaked or covered, opp. clansus,
involvtns),paten3(— standing — .wide— ; also-;
extending far and wide), comb. t utens et aptrUts;
(proypatvlits (= lying — , free of access), comb.
apertus nc prapatulus ; Mans (= wide — , yawn-
ing) ; an — door, fores apertae{= not shut), /ores
jwttcntes (= wide — ) ; an — field, campus apertus
or jxttens (with a distant view), loevs planus or
simply campus (= a plain); in the — street,
in ajvrto ac. projtatulo loco (— in an — , public
place), in jiublico(= in the middle of the street, in
public,); Hie — sea, mare apcrtum (poet, aperta
occani = not surrounded by lauds), altum (=the
high sea); — eyes, oeuli putentes ; — mouth, os
Mans; to be, stand — , apertnm esse, patere (=
wide—; fig. his ear is — to the complaints of
all, patent aurcs ejus qverulis omnium); 2, =
accessible, e.g. anything is — to me, patrt
mihi alqd (e.g. a post of honour) ; 3, = mani-
fest, apertus, mauijestus, clurns (e.(.'. to catch
anyone in the — act, in manifesto facinore.
ilcjirelirndire, In re manifest't tenere) ; see CLEAR ;
4, = candid, apertns, simplex, candidvs ; see
Candid. Adv. aperte, man ifesto, simjilicitcr, cau-
dide, palam, propalam. II. v.tr. 1, aperire(=
to uncover, unclose), palejaeire (= to lay — , both
op]>. to operire), reserare (= to unbolt, opp. to ob-
serare), rechulere (= to unlock, opp. to oeciudere ;
all these of a door, gate, etc.), (cx)i>andcre
(■=. to expand, — wide), erolvere, rcvolvcre (= to
unroll, e.g. a book) ; to — a letter, lil(t)erus
aperire, resigntxre, solvere; insecure, inculere (—
to cut — ) ; to — one's hand, digitos porrigere
(opp. digitos contrahere) ; to — one's eyes, lit.
oculos pjierire ; tig. meliora alqm doccre, = to
teach anyone better ; to — one's ears to flat-
terers (tig.), aims patefacere assentatoribvs ; to
— a vein, rciunn secure, inddcre ; to — the en-
trance toanything, aditum ad alqd patefacere (lit.
and tig.) ; to — a way by force of aims, i7er sibi
aperire fern; to — one's heart to anyone, se or
scnivs suos alci ajierire, se alci patefacere; 2, =
to explain, etc., apem're, delegare, reteyere(e.g. con-
jurat iouein),explieare,interpretari (='to expound);
see Explain ; 3,med. t.t., to — the bowels, aim 111
de(j)iccre, jiurgare ; 4, to — a church, etc., in-
avgurarc, consecrare, dedicare; 5, = to begin,
exordiri; see Begin. III. v.intr. se. ajierire,
apcriri (in gen.), patefuri (of a gate), jaiuli,
se panders (— to — wide, to unfold oneself;
also of blossoms, Plin.), tliscedere (of heaven,
of the earth, etc.), dehiscere (= to burst — ,
of the earth) ; to — again (of wounds), recru-
desccre; to — out, putesccrc (e.g. campus) ; to —
outside, aperturam habere in exteriorem partem.
opening, n. 1, as an act, ajicrtio (jmtefactio
only tig. = public announcement) ; the — of the
hand, digilorum porrectio (opp. digitorum con-
tract io) ; also rendered by verbs (e.g. at the —
of the body, in aperiendo corjwre) ; 2, = aper-
ture, aperturaQti architecture), foramen (in gen.),
os, en's, 11. (= mouth of a river, etc.); to nnike
ope
793
opt
an — in anything, alqd aperire (in gen.), (tiqd
pecforare (= to make a hole through); to have
an — , paters (— to stand open), hiare (= to
yawn); see Hole, Breach, Fissure ; 3, the
— of a church, etc., consecratio, dedicutio ; 4,
= opportunity, occasio, opporlunitas (— oppor-
tunity); to see a good — in business, etc.,
il ii nest it in peth-e ; see Gain ; 5, = beginning,
initiiim, exordium ; 6, ined. t.t. — of the bowels,
purgatio (alvi). openness, n. tlmglictias (rare
in clasjs. period), t candor, animus simplex or
candidus.
opera, n. drama (-atis, n.) musicum or meli-
cum.
operate, v.intr. 1, vim habere ad alqd or in
alqd re ; see Act ; 2, in war, rem agcrc ; 3, in
surgery, to — upon, render by secure alqm or alqd
(= to cut a person or tiling), scalpellum admo-
vert, adhiberc alci rei (= to apply the lancet to,
e.g. a limb, Cels.). operation, n. 1, res
agenda, res gcrenda or gesta(— an act either to be
performed oralreadyperfonned),ncj^(i'i(»i (as an
obligation undertaken); by the — of anyone,
per with accus. (=by means of) or a(b) with
ablat. (= by) ; see Process ; 2, in war, res bello
gerendu, or in the context res gcrenda (when the
— is not yet performed), res bello gesta, or in the
context res gesta (when performed) ; plan of — s,
omnis or totius belli ratio (in war) ; to draw up a
plan of — s, rei agendas ordinem componerc, totius
belli rationem describere ; 3, in surgery, see
OrERATE. operative, I. adj. see Practical.
II. n. see Workman - , Labourer.
ophthalmia, ii. oculorum inflammatio(Ceh.),
lippitudo.
opiate, n. medieamentum somnificum (Plin.).
opinion, n. opinio, sententia, existimatio,
judicium (= decision), dogma, -atis, n., praecep-
titm or decretum or placitum (of a philosopher,
teacher, etc. ; see Maxim) ; a false — , opinio
falsa, pravum judicium, error(= error) ; false — s,
opiniones falsae, opiniomtm commenta(— dreams);
a firmly-rooted but false — , opinio confirmata ;
the general — , opinio vulgaris or vulgi, sententia
vulgaris; the general — respecting anything,
omnium opinio de alqd re ; public — , existimatio
vulgi; according to the general — , ad vulgi
opinionem, ex vulgi opinione ; in my — , med
quidem opinione, (ex or de) med sententia, ut mihi
quidem videtur, ut opinor, ut puto, quantum equi-
dem judicare possum (— as far as I can judge) ;
to have a correct — of anything, vere or recte
judicare de alqd re ; to form an — of anything
merely by guess, de alqd re conjecturd judicare ;
to have a good — of anyone, bene de alqo existi-
mare; to have a high — of a person or thing,
magnam de alqo haliere opinionem, magna est alcjs
de alqd re opinio ; to have a high (no mean) — -
of oneself, multurn sibi tribnere, >e alqm esse
jmtare, magnifies de se slat Hire ; to be of — ,
opinionem habere, opinari ; that is indeed my — ,
mihi vera sic placet, sic hoc mihi videtur ; to give
one's — , senlentiam diccre, dare, scnteutiam ferre
(by voting tablets), dico quod sentla, scnteutiam
meam nperio, expono quae mihi videntur (=■ I say
what I think of a thing) ; to ask anyone his — ,
quaerere quid alqs sentiat ; to speak in favour of
anyone's — , in alcjs sententiam dicere; to turn
a person from his — , alqm de sententia movere,
deducire ; I bring someone over to my — , alqm
in sententiam mcam adduco, alqm ad sententiam
meam traduco ; to get an — into one's head, in
sententiam venire, opinionated, adj. render
by homo opinionibus inflatus. opine, v.tr. see
Think, Imagine.
opium, n. opium (opion, Plin.).
opponent, n. adrcrsarius, in speeches of an
Advocate iste ; see Antagonist.
opportune, adj. opportunns (in gen.V com-
modus (=. convenient), iJoneus (— suitable) ; tern-
pestivus. Adv. opportune, commode, tcmpestiie.
opportuneness, n. opportnnitas, commoditas
(= advantage), opportunity, ii. npportunitas
(in gen.), occasio (— unexpected — ; opp. exists
before an action and leads to it, whereas ncc. pre-
sents itself during an action and facilitates it ;
occ. should therefore be used in speaking of the
events of a war, etc.), casus, -its (= a casual — ),
potestas, facultas, copia (all three = suitableness
for carrying out anything), ansa (lit. = handle,
fig. = occasion, in the connexion ansam prae-
here or dare alcjs rei or ad alqd ; all these nouns
are construed with gen. of the object); a good,
favourable — , opj>ortunitas idonea, occasio com-
moda el idonea, occasio bona et optata, temporis
opportunittu, tempus opportunism, also simply
occasio, opporlunitas, iempus; when the — serves,
jxr occasionem, occasione datd or oblatd, si occasio
fuerit or tulcrit ; at the first — , ut primum occasio
or jiotcstas data est (erit), primo quoque tempore
dato, vbi primum opportunum (Sail.) ; to seek an
— , occasionem quaerere or circumspicire ; to find
an — for anything, alcjs rei (faciendae) caus(s)am
repcrire (= to find a cause, e.g. for making a war,
belluudi) ; to seize an — , occasionem arrip&re ;
to avail oneself of an — , opportunitate or tcai-
sione nti ; to lose an — , occasioni deessc, occasio-
nem amiltcre, praetermittere, dimittere.
oppose, v.tr. alqd alci (rei) ob(j)icere (lit.
and tig. = to oppose anything to anyone or any-
thing), adversari alci, repugnare alci rei or contra
alqd(— to fight against u thing), comb, adversari
et repugnare, resistere (= to resist), obsisterc
(= to place oneself against), obnitl (— to strive
against with all ones might), obesse, obstare
(— to stand in the way) ; (all the above with
dat.) ; t obluctari, t reluctari ; I don't — it, per
me licet, nihil impedio; to be — d to each other,
repugnare inter sc (of two things that contradict
each other), obtrectare inter se(o( two rivals in a
state); to — in public disputation, adversario
rcspondere. opposer, n. see Opponent.
opposite, adj. 1, adversus, oppositus, objectus ;
an island — to Alexandria, insula objecta Alex-
andriae; — to, e regione (with gen. or dat., e.g.
us, nobis) ; on, -to the — side of, trans, ultra,
(see Bevond, Over) ; 2, see Adverse, Con-
trary, opposition, n. 1, = the act of op-
posing, oppositio, = differeuce, repugnantia, dis-
crepuutia ; see Resistance; without — . nemine
obloquente ; 2, = the body of opposers, vars
adversa (in gen.), or /actio adversa or adver-
saria (during a revolution) ; where possible use
special terms (e.g. optimates, -(t)um, pi. = the
Tory — ).
oppress, v.tr. premire, opprimlre, vexare,
afiligere. oppression, n. vexatio, injuria (— in-
justice, e.g. of the authorities, magistrutuum) ;
— in a state, dominatio crudelis ; see Tyrannv.
oppressive, adj. molestus (= troublesome),
magnus (= great), iniquus (= unjust), gravis(=
heavy),— cold./riporwmris; tobeburdencdwith
an — debt, acre aliens premi ; — government,
<{omi>ta(i(s (-iis) crudelis. Adv. mole-ste, graviter,
inique. oppressor, u. qui domination crudeltm
exercet, tyrunnus ( = sole ruler, may at times
serve).
opprobrium, n. (op)probrium ; see la-
nominy. opprobrious, adj. probrosus (=
disgraceful); see Ignominious,
optative, adj., the — mood, modus opUitivus
(Grain,).
optics, n. optice, -es, f. optical, a<lj. in
gen. by oculus (e.g — deception, oculorum
mendacium; — nerve, nervus oculorum). optl*
clan, n. optices gnarus,
opt
794
ord
option, n. optio, (eligcndi) optio et potestas,
potestas optioque (all = right of choice), arbitrium
(= free-will) ; see Choice, optional, adj. , ren-
der by olcjs rei eligev.dae optionem alci dare, alci
permittcrc arbitrium alcjs rei, facere alci potesta-
tem optionemque ut cligat, facere alci arbitrium
in eligendo.
opulent, adj. opulentus; see Rich, Wealthy.
opulence, n. opulentia; see Riches, Wealth.
or, conj. aut (excludes one or other of the
(suppositions expressed, e.g. here, soldiers, we
must conquer — die, hie vincendum aut marien-
dum, militcs, est) ; vel (implies that it is indiffer-
ent which of two or more than two things is
chosen ; considered by themselves they may be
of the same or a different kind. If several ideas
are proposed, rei generally denotes a climax, =
" — even," e.g. — shall I say even, vel dicam;
■ — rather, velpotius; — even indeed, vel ctiam),
re (enclit., generally separates single words,
seldom sentences, and expresses that the nominal
or real difference is not very great, e.g. merri-
ment — laughter, hilaritas risusve ; hence with
numerals it is = " — at most," e.g. four — live
each, quaterni quinive), sive, scu (arising from
vel and si, always with a verb expressed or
understood ; implying that two or more expres-
sions amount to the same, or that the speaker is
undecided about them, and leaves the choice to
others, e.g. the mother — the stepmother, mater
seu iwverca ; be it accidental., — intentionally,
sire casu sive consilio); in negative sentences the
disjunctive particles are generally changed into
ncque or neve (e.g. laziness — idle dreaming is
out of place here, nihil loci est scgnitiac neque
socordiae) ; — not, neve, new (after lit or ne and a
verb); — at least, aut certe (or nut alone), rei
certe ; — rather, — more correctly, re? ut rerius
dicam, at que adeo (= nay even), or simply aut;
either ... — , aut . . . aut, vel . . . vel, sive
. . . sive (with the distinction slated above),
e.g. they thought either to induce the Allobro-
gians by persuasion, — to compel them by force,
to allow, etc., Allobrogibus sese vel j^crsuasuros
existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut palcrentur, etc.
(i.e. it was indifferent to them which way they
did it); the laws of the Cretans, whether given
by Jupiter — Minos, educate youth by means of
physical exercise, Cretum leges, qiais siveJuppiter
sivcMinossanxii, laborious entaiunt juventvtem ;
respecting " — " in double questions, see
■\VriETHFI'..
oracle, n. oracidum (in gen.), sors oraculi
or, in the context, simply sors (lit. = by dtion) ; — of ill-
ness, morbo opprimi, afiiigi.
outcast, n. exsul, eztorris, profugus.
outcry, n. clamor, voci/eratio, voces; express-
ing disapproval, acclamatio.
outdo, v.tr. superare, vincere alqm.
outer, adj. exterus (exterae nationes), extcrnvs
(res externae, Cic. ; so externa, -orum, = outer
things, opp. interiora) ; see Extkhioh, Exter-
nal.
outface, v.tr. impudent id vincere.
outflank, v.tr. circumire, circumrmire.
outgrow, v.tr. use circiunloc. (e.g. he out-
gi'cw his clothes, illi vestitus grandior jam 02>us
erat)-
outhouse, n. pars aedibus adjeclu.
outlandish, adj. peregrinus, barbarus.
outlast, v.tr. dintius durare.
outlaw, I. n. proscriptits, relegatus, ex(s)ul
(= exile). II. v.tr. proscribiire, aqua it igni aid
intrrdiccre. outlawry, n. proseriptio, aquae
et ignis intcrdictio.
outlay, n. sumptus, -iis; see Expense.
outlet, n. exifus, -vs, egressits, -us (in gen.),
effluvium (Plin., Tac. ; rare), emissarinm, os,
oris, ostium, caput (of rivers).
outline, I. n. Uneamcntum (e.g. tu operum
Uneamenta perspicis, Cic) ; the — s of a face,
lineamenta (e.g. similitudo oris vnlti'tsque vt
Uneamenta, Liv. ; compare animi lineamenta
sunt pvlchriara quam eor]K>ris) ; adumbratio
(= sketch). 11. v.tr. describe re, adttmbrareQ.it.
and tig.); see Sketch.
outlive, v.tr. alci svpercsse.
outlook, n. 1, to have an — of a place, ad,
in or inter tdqd spectare ; 2, to be on t lie — ,
omnia circumspecto.rc ; 3, fig. spes (e.g. bona =
good — , ?iK?/o = poor — ).
outlying, adj. lovginqvus (= far removed) ;
— districts, rcgiones quae circa alqm locum,
sunt.
outnumber, v.tr. numero (numr.ris) or com-
putationc superare, mnltitudine snperare.
outpost, n. statio (of troops), propugnacu-
lum (scil. navittm; propugnamlum oppositum
barbaris; propugnacula imperii).
outrage, I. n. injuria, contumelia (= af-
front). II. v.tr. alci afferre injuriam, alqm inju-
ria afficcre, probris conficire. outrageous, adj.
immanis, contumeliosns, immodcratus, indignus;
see Monstrous. Adv. indigne, immoderate.
outride, v.tr. equitando alqm superare. out
riders, D. qui alci equitando praeeunt or 0(9771
equitando dedncunt.
outright, adv. penitns, prorsus, omnino.
outrun, v.tr. 0/7771, cursu superare or vincere.
outsail, v.tr. navigando superare alqm.
outset, n. initium ; see Beginning.
outside, I. adj. exterwus; as a noun, the
— , externa, -orum, superjicics (= the surface;
e.g. Bowie, trstudyiium, corporvm), forme, speeies
out
797
ove
(=sho\v ; lit. and fig.). II. adv. extra, cxt-rinsecus,
/oris (with verbs of rest ; /orris, with verbs of
motion) ; on the — , extrinstmis.
outskirts, n. see Suuurh.
outspoken, adj. see Frank.
outspread, adj. vastus; with — sails, piassis
or pleuis velis ; with — hands (in entreaty),
supplicibus manibus.
outstanding, adj. of debt, by aes alienum;
see Debt.
■ outstrip, v.tr. 1, alqm cursu superare or
vincere, alqm | praevertlre ; 2, tig. see Excel.
outtalk, v.tr. multiloquio vincire alqm.
outvote, v.tr. alqm suffragtis vincere.
outwalk, v.tr. ambulundo alqm praerertere.
outward, I. adi. e-Uerus, externus ; an —
show, species. II. adv. extra, extrinsccus ; a ship
— bound, navis ad extents nationes destinala ; see
Outside, II.
outweigh, v.tr. graviorem esse alqd re (lit.) ;
vincere (lig. of opinions) ; Cato alone — s in
my opinion hundreds of thousands, . tt»M Cato
inihi pro centum millions est ; praepondrrare (lit.
and fig. ; rare).
outwit, v.tr. circumcenire (= to deceive);
see Deceive.
outworks, n. munimcnUi (exteriora).
oval, I. adj. ovatus (= like an egg, Plin.).
II. n. figura ovaia.
ovation, n. ovatio (= a Roman lesser tri-
umph); fig. to receive an — , magnis clamor-
ibus excipi.
oven, 11. furnus (for baking), clibaiius ( =
small portable — ).
over, I. adv. super, supra ; to be — (=
remaining), mvensse, rel(l)iquum (relic-) esse;
= to be done with, actum esse de (tlqo or alqd
re; when the battle was — , confecto proelio ; —
and — again, etiam atque etiam ; — much , practer
modum ; often oxpressed in eomp., — timid,
tiviidior ; a little — or under, hand viulto plus
ininvsve. II. prep, super, supra with accus.
{super also with ablat. , but chiefly poet.), trans
(= across) with accus., amplius (with numerals ;
e.g. — a hundred, amplius centum) ; inter ceiuim
(coen-);, — dinner ; per with accus. (— through,
of place) ; to make a bridge — a river, ponlem in
fiumineJacSre.
overawe, v.tr. alqm metn complere, terrere,
toercere, comprimere.
overbalance, v.tr. pracponderarc ; see
Outweigh.
overbear, v.tr. alqm vincere, superare, com-
primere, coercere. ■ overbearing, adj. arro-
gans, insolens, superbus.
overbid, v.tr. vluris licitari.
overboard, adj. to throw anything — , alcjs
ret jacturam facire ; to fall — , in mare excidere.
overboiled, adj. (or part.) vii i/i is coctus.
overbold, adj. temerarins, avdux.
overburdened, adj. praegravatits, nimio
onere oppressus.
overcast, adj. t (ob)nubilus (of the sky).
overcharge, v.tr. 1, =to put too high a
price, 7iimio venaere ; 2, = to load too heavily,
nimio pondere onerare ; to — the stomach, u
vino ciboque onerare,
overcoat, n. amiculum; see Cloak.
overcome, v.tr. (de)vlncire, superare, pro-
fllgare ; not to bo — , inexpvgnabitia (both of
place and persons), inniiperahilte, invictus.
overdo, v.tr. nimio hibvrc ec/atigarc(=yo\ii-
self) ; to — :i thing, nimium Uiborem in rem con-
ferre, modum excedere in alqd re; = to overcook,
nimis coquire.
overdraw, v.tr. 1, see Exaggerate ; 2, to
— an account, aes alienum contrahire or con-
flare (— to incur debt).
overdress, v.tr. 7if»ifs splendide se ornare.
overdrink, v.lntr. vino se obrulre.
overdrive, v.tr. (de)fatigare,
overdue, adj. pecunta quam alqs jam solicit
debuit.
overeat.y. reflex .Muari(= to be gluttonous).
overfill, v.tr. supra modum impUre.
overflow, I. n. inundatio fluminis, (col)-
luvio ; the river produces on — , flumen extra
ripas dijftuit, flumen alveum excedit. II. v.tr
inundare; the Tiber — ed the fields, Tiber i*
ayros inundavit. III. v.lntr. 1, tffundi, t iuun-
dure ; the fountain — s, Jons exundal ; 2, fig.
alqd re abundare, suppeditare, redundare.
overgrow, v.intr. 1, see Outorow ; 2, to
be — n with foliage, frondibus contextnm, obsitum
esse.
overhang, v.intr. imminlre, impend?re.
overhasty, adj. praeproperue. Adv. prae-
propers.
overhaul, v.tr. see Examine, Inspect.
overhead, adv. supra, desu)nT, insujKr ; see
Over, I.
overhear, v.tr. excipere, subamcuUare.
overheat, v.tr. alqd nimis cal(e) facire; to
— oneself, by sudare (= to perspire).
overjoyed, adj. laetitid affectus or ex(s)ultuns.
overland, adj. tend (opp. muri).
overlap, v.tr. alei rei imminlre or impendhe,
(= to overhang).
overlay, v.tr. 1, = to smother, inculiandoo^
primire or suflocare ; 2, = to spread over, alqil
alci rei inducers, \illinlre; to — with gold, in-
aurare.
overload, v.tr. nimU or nimium onerare,
onus nimis grave alci (rei) imponire. over-
loaded, adj. nimis oneratus, pondere nimis grari
oppressus ; to be — with business, negolils ohrn-
tum esse ; seo Overcharge.
overlong, adj. praelongus.
overlook, v.tr. 1, = to oversee, sercare, obser-
vare(- to watch), custodire(= to guard), praeesxe
alci or alci rei (= to superintend), inquirire in
alqd, semtari, inspicere alqd (= to examine
thoroughly) ; 2, = to command a view of, alci rei
immincre, alqd prospicire (e.g. ex superior Unix
locis prospiccre in urbem) ; 3, = to pardon, alci
rei or alcjs alci rei veniam dare or coiulonarc,
alci rei or alci alqd ignoscire, co(n)nivcre iii abjd
re(= to shut one's eyes, wink at); see Indul-
gence, Pardon ; 4, = to pass by inadvertently,
pructerire, omittcre, praetcrmittere (= to leave
unnoticed ; also of a fault, to let it pass unpun-
ished), overlooker, n. custos, -Cdix, in. and
f., curator, praeses, -idis, m. and f., praefectus, ex-
actor (=one who sees that things are done care-
fully), magister, rector ( = Instructor), curator
viarum (= surveyor of the public roads), aedilis
(In Rome, = superintendent of the public build-
ings and police).
overmuch, I. adj. nimius. II. adv. nimis,
nimium.
overnight, adv.ve*j>en (■> in the evening).
overpay, v.tr. plut quam debttur solvire.
overpeopled, adj. use circumloc. (e.g.
Uinta erat multitudo homlnum truantae vutut
non supptditabat).
OV0
798
pae
overplus, ii. see Surplus.
overpewer ( v.tr. opprimere, frangcre, prd-
flUjaiT; viftcef«) dtbellarc. overpowering,
adj. see Overwhelming.
overprize, v.tn pluris quam par est aesti-
viare.
overrate, v.tr. nimium aid rei tribucre; to
— oneself, immodicnm sui esse aestimatorem.
overreach, v.tr, circumvenire, circumscri-
Wre, frande cnricre alqm ; see Cheat.
overripe, adj. qui jam maturitatcm etcessit.
overrule, v.tr. = to bear down, (de)vinccre.
overruling Providence, n. Providentia ovi-
nia administrans or gubernans.
overrun, v.tn 1, = to outrun, cursu prae-
terire; 2, = to swarm over, (per)vagari ; 3, to
be — with (of plants), alqd re obsitum esse.
overscrupulous, adj. use coinpar., dili-
gentior, etc.; sec Scrupulous.
oversee, v.tr. [prdjciirare. overseer, n.
custos, (procurator ; — of the highways, curator
viarum.
overshadow, v.tr. 1, t obumbrare, \ inum-
brare alqd ; 2, fig. alci rei officere.
overshoes, n. tcgnmenta calceomm.
overshoot, v.tr. jactu, or sagittd scopum
transgredi ; to — oneself, consilio labi.
oversight, n. error, erratum, incuria; —
of a business, curatio, procuralio, cum.
oversleep, v.intr. dintins dormirc.
overspread, v.tr. 1, obducere, inducere ;
see Overlay ; 2, see Overrun, 2.
overstrain, v.tr. nimis contendere; to —
one's strength, vires nimis intendere.
overt, adj. apertus, mani/estus.
overtake, v.tr. assequi, consequi; = tn sur-
prise, oppri/mere, deprehendire alqm, supervenire
ahi. overtaken, adj. praeventus; to be —
with sleep, sonino opprimi.
overtask, v.tr. majns junto piensum alci in-
( j)u ngf.re.
overtax, v.tr. iniquis oneribus premere.
overthrow, I. v.tr. 1, =to cast down,
profiigare, de(j)icere ; 2, = to demolish, diruirc,
subvertere, demoliri ; 8, = to defeat, (dc)vinccre,
prosterncre, opprimlre. II. n. eludes, -is, stragr/:,
-if.
overtop, v.tr. eminere, t snperemine're.
overture, n. 1, condidones ad alqd agen-
dum propositus; — of peace, pucis condicioncs ;
to mal;e — s, condiciones firre or proponere ; 2, to
an opera, [dramatis viusici) exordium.
overturn, v.tr. evertere, subvertere alqd,
overvalue, v.tr. nvmis magni aestimare.
overweening, adj. mperbwt; see Pboud.
overwhelm, v.tr. obrwre, opprimcre, de-
mergh-e, (suh)mergvre. overwhelmed, part.
obrutus, menus, demcrsus, submersns; — with
grief, diilore or tristitid oppressvs. over-
whelming, adj. by super!, of adj. or circillll-
loc. (e.g. — grief, magno dolore affect us).
overwise, adj. <pd peraeulus videri wilt.
overwork, I. n. labor immoderatus. II.
v.intr. and reflex, nimis lahorare ; see Work.
overworn, adj. e.g. — with ago, aetate or
senio eonfectus.
overwrought, adj. or part, nimis elaboratus
( =wrought too highly), laborious confectus ( =
worn down by labours).
overzcalous, adj. nimis studiosus.
owe, T.tr. debere (= to be in debt ; to anyone,
alci); to — something to a person, debire aid
alqd (in gen., of any kind of obligation, e.g.
money, vecuniam; gratitude, gratiam; compas-
sion, misericordiam) ; to — much money, acre
alieno demersum or obrutum esse ; to -• anyone a
great deal, grandem pecuniam alci debere (lit.),
multa alci debere (fig.) ; owing to, by per ; it was
owing to you, per te ttetit quominus or tibi alqd
acccptnm refero, or by propter with accus. or
ab-.js beneficio. owing, adj. see Due.
owl, n. ulula, nociua, strix, -gis, f. , bub);
like an — , noctuin.ua (e.g. oculi, Plaut.).
own, I. adj. 1, = belonging to one by nature or
by one's course of action, proprius ; but gene-
rally by meus, tuns, suns, etc., or by ipsius or
meus ipsius, etc. (e.g. it was written by his —
hand, ij/sius (or sud ipsius) manu scriptum ertit,
ipse scriptserat) ; I saw it with my — eyes, ipse
vidi, hisce oculis egomct ridi (Com.) ; I quote the
emperor's — words, ipsa principis verba refero ;
through my — fault, med eulpd; 2, — what we
have for our — use, proprius (opp. communis or
alienus ; in Cic. with genit., in other writers also
with dat.), peculiaris (of what one has acquired
for his — use), privatus (of private property,
opp. publicus"), domesticus (= relating to one's
family or home), comb, domesticus et privatus
(e.g. domesticae et priratue res, one's — private
matters, opp. publicac), privus (= belonging to
any one individual); my, your — people, ser-
vants, mei, tuif etc.; he has taken from us every-
thing that was our — , ademit nobis ovinia
quae nostra erant propria. II. v.tr. 1, see Aou-
NowLErxiE, Confess; 2, see Possess, Claim.
owner, n. possessor, dominus; to be the — of
anything, possidere alqd. ownership, n. pes-
scssio (in gen.), dominium (Jet.), auctoritas (—
right of possession), manicipium (= right W
by long use or
purchase); the obtaining of
possession, vsucapio.
ox, n. bos, bovis, m. ami f. ; a young — , ju-
vencus ; a driver of —en, bubulais. oxherd, n.
armentarius.
oyster, n. ostrea, \ostreum. oyster-bed,
n. ostreurinm (Plin.). oyster-3hell, n. testa.
P.
pabulum, n. pabulum; see Foon.
pace. I. n. gradus, -us, passvs, -its (= the
act of stepping out in walking; in the prose
of the golden age. only the step; as Roman
measure of length =5 Roman feet); gressus,
-its (= the act of making strides, walk); to
keep — with anyone, alcjs gradus aeqnart
(lit.), parem esse ahi (tig., = to be equal to any-
one); at a quick — , plena or citato gradn : at
a slow — , tarde, lente; see Step. II. v.intr.
gradi (= to walk with an equal and bold step),
vadere (quickly and easily), incedere, ingreai,
umbnlare, spntiari (= to walk about); see
March, Walk. III. v.tr. passibns metiri alqd.
pacer, n. perhaps Asiurco (= an Asturian
horse).
pacific. adj. by jmcis(c.g. — propositions, paci's
eondiciones), pacifieus, \pacifer; see Peaceadlk;
pacification, n. pacificatio, compositio, pax.
pacificator, n. pacificator, pacta auclor (Liv.),
peicis reconeiliator (Liv.). pacify, v.tr. plarare
(= a man when angry) ; to — a country, paeure;
= t<i restore peace (e.g. to a province), sedure,
componere.
pack, I. v.tr. 1, imponerc in alqd (= to put. or
load into), eondere in alqd OTttlqn rc{- to put into
pao
?90
pal
anything for the purpose of preservation) ; to —
in a parcel with something else, al<jd in eundcm
fasciculum addere ; to — one's things for a
journey, for a inarch, sarclnas or sarcimdas col-
ilgere or expedite, sarclnas uptare itlnerl, vasa
colilgere (in the camp, of soldiers); to give orders
for the troops to — up, vasa conclamare jubere ;
to — goods, merces in fasclculos colilgere; to —
together, colligere (= to collect in a lump, in a
bundle, e.g. one's things, baggage, furniture,
sarclnas, vasa), colligare, alllgare, constringire ( =
to tic together, e.g. one's knapsack, sarclnain;
household effects, vasa), stipare(= to — closely) ;
to — together "in bundles or bales, in fasclculos,
in fasces colligare; to — into a small compass,
to crowd, stlpare, (co)artare, complere (= to fill) ;
2, to — a jury, a meeting, etc., suos inter judiees
coetum introduccre, etc. II. n. 1, = bundle,
fasciculus, sarclna, saiclnula ; — of cards, char-
tac ; 2, =a crowd, 'magna)frequentia(homlnum);
= a mob, turba, grex, gregls, m. ; sec Crowd ;
3, of dogs, canes, -urn. pack ass, n. aslnus
clitellarlus (lit.), homo clitcllarius (tig. of men, =
drudge), pack-horse, n. equus clltellarius.
pack-saddle, n. clliellae. pack-thread, n.
Tinea, package, n. sarclna, sarclnida, fas-
ciculus ; see Parcel, Baggage, Luggage.
packer, n. quialqaares in sarcinam colligit.
packet, n. fasciculus; =a ship, navis ; see
Parcel.
pact, n. pactlo, pactum (= agreement entered
into between two litigant parties ; pactio, = the
act; pactum, = the terms of the agreement);
see Compact, Contract.
pad, n, see Cushion, Bolster.
paddle, I. n. remits; see Oar. II. v.intr.
1, navem remo im-pellire ; 2, with the hand, etc.,
aquani manu, etc., agitare.
padlock, n. in the context, claustrum.
paean, n. t paean.
pagan, adj. paganus (Eccl.).
page, n. puer ex aula, minister ex pueris
reglls, puer reglus, puer noblils ex regid cohorte
(at a king's court), puer -paedugogianus (Imperial
Rome).
page, u. of a book, paglna.
pageant, n. spectaculum (= show), pompa
(■= procession), apparatus magnifici (= great
preparations at public processions, etc.). pa-
geantry, n. see above.
pagoda, n. templum or aedes, -is, f. ( =
temple).
pail, n. situla (situlus) ; see Bucket.
pain, I. n. dolor (in gen., of body and mind),
maestitia( = iitiuf ), disldcrium (= grief for the ab-
sent or the dead) ; violent — , cruclatus, -us (of
body and mini!) ; to cause — , dolor em facer e (effi-
cere, afferrc, commovere, cxcltare or incutcre ; to
anyone, aid). II. v.tr. alqm cruciare of dolore
afficcre (lit. and tig.). III. v.intr. dolere ; see
above, painful, adj. vehemens(=: causing violent
feeling, e.g. an evil, a wound), gravis (= serious,
severe, i.e. complaint, wound), uccrbus( = heart-
felt, e.g. death); — sensation, dolor; wherever
a man is, he has the same — feeling at the com-
plete ruin both of public atfairs and of his own
private circumstances, guocum/TUt in loco quis-
quls est, Idem est ci seusu.i el eadem acerbilas, a
interltu rerum et publlcarum et suarum ; that is
— to me, hoc mihi dolet (ante class.). Adv. ve-
hementer, graviter, acerbe, dolenter, summo or
may no cum dolore. painless, adj. sine dolore,
doloris txpen, dolore vacuus, racans or carciis.
Adv. by adj. painlessness, n. indolentia,
or by circumloc. dolore vacare or carere, non or
nihil dolere (e.g. — is, according to Epicurus, the
highest pleasure, summa voluptas est, ut Epicuro
placet, nihil dolire, or Epicuro placuit omni dolore
carere suinmam esse voluptatem, Cic). pains,
n. = toil, opera (of one's own), virium contentio
( = exertion of power), lubor, comb, opera et labor
(see Labour), neyotium (from nee and otium,
= absence of leisure, through work that we are
executing, etc. ; then the performance of tlio
work, particularly of that which causes un-
easiness of mind, trouble), studium ( = zeal, as-
siduity) ; with a great deal of — , non facile ; only
with the greatest — , aegerrime, vix (= hardly) ;
witli great — , multd, operd, magna labore, vmllo
labore et sudore, multo negotio ; with all possible
— , omni virium contentione, omni ope atque
operd; with "very little — , without the least — ,,
facile, generally nullo negotio or sine negotio ;
carefully, aud with -great — , fide et operd; to
take — , multam operam consumere ; to, take —
in order to, etc., operam dare, niti, eniti, conten-
dere, ut, etc. ; to take all possible — in order" to,
etc., omni ope atque operd or omni virium con-
tentione niti (or eniti), ut, etc., contendere et labo-
rare, ut, etc., eniti et contendere, ut, etc., eniti
et efficcre, ut, etc. ; see Toil, Trouble, Anxiety.
painstaking, adj. operosus ; see Laborious,
Industrious.
paint, I. v.tr. 1, pingere (iutr. and tr.), de-
pingere (tr., = to depict, with the pencil or with
words, describe), effinglre' = to portray, with the
pencil); to — from nature, from life (in an
absolute sense), simllitudinem effingere ex vero ;
to — anyone's likeness, alqm pingere; to —
anyone's likeness with a striking resemblance,
veram alcjs imaginem reddire ; to — anything in
different colours and in light sketches, varle-
tate colorum alqd adumbrare; 2, = to besmear
witli colour, illinere alqd alqd re, sublinire alqil
alqd re(=to lay on a ground colour), inducere al/jd
alqd re or alci rei (e.g. parietcs minio, = to — the
walls red); with different colours, roloribus
(variare el)<llstinguire; to — blue, colorem caeru-
leuin indveire alci rei; all the Britons — their
bodies with woad, omnes se Britanni vitro infi-cl-
unt ; to — white (to whitewash), dealbare (e.g.
parletem), pollre albo (e.g. pillars, columnas) ; to
— the face, fucare. II. n. pigmentum, color,
fucus — cosmetic; see Colour, paint-brush,
n. pcnicillus. painter, n. pictor; a — of
houses, qui (parietes, etc.) colore inducit. paint-
ing, n. pictura (in gen. also = that wnich Is
painted), ars pingendi or picturae (= art of — ,
also pictura).
pair, I. n. par (of two persons or things in
close connection), jugum (lit. = a yoke of oxen ;
then two persons joined together for an evil
purpose, e.g. jugum impiorum nefarium, Cic),
bini (= two at a time, two together, e.g. binos
[scyphos] habebam ; jubeo promi utrosque, I had a
— [of glasses) ; I want this — ) ; utrique (= this
— , the — mentioned) ; see Couple, Brace. II.
v.tr. (con)jungere. III. v.intr. jungi, conjungi,
(co».)jungere, coire (=to copulate).
palace, n. domus, -lis, regia, or simply regia
(= royal mansion, palatiuin only in poetry and
late prose), domus, -us, f. (house in gen., very
often sufficient in the context).
palate, n. palatum ; a fine —, subtile jxilatum,
doctum et erudition palatum; a very fine — ,
palatum in gustaiu sagaciasimum ; he has a flue
— , sapit el palatum (Cic.) ; see Taste, Relish.
palatable, a<lj. jucundi saporis (= of pleasant
taste), jucundus, atavis, dulcis (= sweet, pleas-
ant) ; see Savoury, Relish, palatal, adj.
palatilla (Grain. t.t).
palatinate, n. * palatinatus.
palaver, n. nugae ; see Nonsense.
pale, I. adj. pallidas, luridus (= black and
pal
800
pa:
blue), uii»«»(= white), d<co?o!(=discoloured); —
rolour, pallidus color, pallor ; to be — ,pallere;
of colours, expressing shade by sub (e.g. sub-
flavus, — — yellow, Suet.). II. v.intr. pallesccre;
see above ; to — before, alqd re or ab alqo vinci.
paleness, n. pallor, pallidus color, macula
Talba («= a white spot).
pale, paling, L n. palvs, -udis, f. (in gen.),
smles, -i.«, I. (= a stake to prop up trees ; in forti-
fication, a pile driven into the ground for de-
fence), stipes, -ifis, in. (= stem of a tree used as
a stake), vallus (= pole for fortifying a rampart,
etc., palisade) ; see Stake, Post. II. v.tr. ad
palvm alligare (trees); to — the vine, vite.s jxilis
adjunglre ; = to surround, palls cingere ; see
Surround, palisade, n. vallum, palvs; to
surround with a — , vallo mitnire or cingh-e. or
circumdare, vallare. palisading, n. vallum,
txilli ; see Pale.
palette, n, patella or diaeus colorum.
palfrey, n. equus or caballus.
palimpsest, n. palimpsestus.
palinode, n. palinodia (better written as
Greek wa\iiySia).
pall, n. 1, pallium; see Mantle; 2,=
covering thrown over the dead, tegvmentum or
involucrum feretri.
pall, v.intr., to — upon anyone, alqm ukj*
ret taedct.
palladium, n. palladium.
pallet, n. = a small bed, lectvlus^grabatus.
palliasse, n. lectus stramenticius.
palliate, v.tr. alqd excusare, extenuare ; to —
anything with, praetendh-e alqd alci rci, tegcre
or occult are alqd alqd re, excusatione alcjs rei
tegire alqd (= to cover, varnish by means of an
excuse, C\c.),alqd in alcjs rei simulaUonem con-
ferre (= to hide nnder pretence, C;es.); see Ex-
cuse, palliation, n. use verb (e.g. the — of
his fault, culpam excvsavit).
pallid, adj. see Pale.
palm, I. n. 1, palma ; see Hand; 2, a plant,
paima (■= — tree, also a branch of it worn in
token of victory) ; to present the — to anyone
(as token of victory), dare alci palmam ; adorned
with — , palmatus. II. v.tr. to — off upon any-
one, centonnn alci sarcire (Coin.), imponere alci
(absolute;, alqd alci svpponcre; he has — ed
anything upon him, verba Hit dedil; see Im-
pose, palmary, adj. valmaris. palmer,
n. see Pilohim. palmistry, n, either use
\(tpofiai'Tfia in Greek characters, or ars eorum
qui mnnuum lineamenta perscntt ant ur. palmy,
adj. floreits (= flourishing), optimus (— best).
palpable, adj. 1, lit, quod sentire possUMVS,
o(a)spectabilis (= visible), trnctabilis( = that may
be touched) ; gee PERCEPTIBLE ; quod manu tenere
possumus, quod mauu tcnetur ; 2, tig. quod compre-
hensumavimis habemus, mani/estus ( = manifest),
eridens ( = evident), apertus ( = open, clear),
comb, apertus ac mani/estus (e.g. scelns). Adv.
wauifesto, evidenter, aperte.
palpitate, v. intr. palpitare ; see Beat.
palpitation, n. palpitatio (Plin.).
palsy, n. see Paralysis.
paltry, adj. vilis ; see Petty.
pamper, v.tr. alci nimis indulge"™ ; see
Feed, Glut, Indulge.
pamphlet, n. libellus. pamphleteer, n,
UbeUorum scriptor,
pan, n. sartago (Plin.), patina, patella; see
Disk, pancake, n. laganvm or placenta.
panacea, n. lit. panchrestum mtdtcametitvni
flit, in Plin., fig InCic); j>cinctcert(- a plant, tlio
heal-all).
pandects, n. pandectae (Imperial Home),
pander, I. n. feiio. II. v.intr. to — to, 1,
lit. hnocinari ; 2, llg. alci inserviie, or perhaps
blandiri; see Flatter.
pane, n. vitreum quadratum (square).
panegyric, n. laudatio, upon anyone, alcjs
(ol a speech, oration, and the praise contained in
It), laus, laudes, upon anyone, alcjs; — upon
ono deceased, hudatio (mortui) in gen. pane-
gyrist, n. luudator (in gen.; fern., laudcitrix),
praedicator (loud and in public).
panel, n. (in architecture) tympanum ( =
square — of a door), abacus (in wainscoting),
intertignium, intercolumnium (= square com.
partinent on the ceilings of rooms) ; a panelled
ceiling, lacunar, ilaquear.
pang, n. dolor, doloris stimulus; see Stino,
Anguish, Agony.
panic, n. paror, terror.
pannier, n. clitellae.
panoply, n. see Armour.
panorama, n. perhaps tabula in modum
circi picta ; see also Prospect.
pant, v.intr. of the heart ; see Palpitate,
Beat ; to — for breath, aegre ducere spirihim,
anhelare ; to — for, fig. sitire, concupiscere alqd.
panting, n. anhelitvs, -».?.
puixtaloon, n. perhaps sannio, scurra, tu.
pantheism, n. ratio eorum qui deum in uni-
versd rerun naturd situm esseputant. panthe-
ist, n. qui deum, etc., putat ; see above.
panther, n. panthera (Plin.), pardus (Plin.).
pantomime, n. mimus, pantomimus {&nel.).
pantry, n. cella penaria, promptnarinvi
(where victuals are kept).
pap, n. 1, papilla, vbcr, -eris,n. ; see Breast;
2, = soft food for infants, puis, pulticula (-
gruel) (Plin.).
papa, n. pater ; see Father.
papacy, n. * papatus (= dignity of the Pope).
papal, adj. "pajmlis. papist, n. sacra a
pontifice Romano instituta sequcns, legis pontiji-
cis Komani studiosus.
paper, I. n. 1, as material for writing upon,
charta (made from the papyrus, then any kind
of writing material), t papyrus, f. ; 2, = —
written on, writing, charta, scriplum ; papers
(i.e. written — ), scripta, -orum, lit(t)erae, epistulae.
(epistol-), libelli, tabellac ; public — s, tabulae pub-
licac; — money, currency, pecunia chartaeeu,
or syngrapha publica ; —-hanging, tapete, -is
(tapetum, = tapestry) ; = newspaper, acta (di-
urna), -orum. II. v.tr. to — a room, conclavis
parities tapetibus ornare. III. adj. chartaeeu*
(Jet.), paper-hanger, n. qui condavivm
parictrs tapetibus ornat.
papyrus, n. papyrus, f. (papyrum).
par, ii. (in gen.) see Equality (in com-
merce) by aequalis; — of exchange, vicissi-
tudlnes rei argentariae aequales, pecuniae )>er-
mutandae pretium aequale.
parable, n. parabola (class. = a compari-
son), or in pure Latin collatio, tra(ns')lotio r
similitude; see Allegory, Simile, para-
bolical, adj. per similitudinem, or tra(ns)la-
tionem or collalionem, ; to speak — ly, ut simili-
tud.iv.it utar.
parade, I. n. 1, in military affairs, decursus r
•i's, decursio ; 2, = show, ostentatio, apparatus,
•us ; see Show, Display. II. v.intr. (of troops),
decurrire. III. v.tr. ostentare; sec Display.
paradigm, n. in Gram., }>aradigma.
Paradise, n. 1, paradhus (Eccl.) ; 2, = or
pat
801
par
Very delightful spot, locus amoenissimus ; 3,=
the blissful seat after death, sales (-is, f.) bea-
torn in.
paradox, n. quod est admirdbile contraque
opinionem omnium, in the pi. quae sunt admira-
bilia, etc., also simply admiralnlia or mirabilia
quacdcim, iii pi. pctradoxa. paradoxical, adj.
see above.
paragon, n. specimen ; see Pattern.
paragraph, n. caput (= section).
parallel, I. adj. 1, purallclos ; 2, fig. (con)-
similis ; a — passage, locus congruens verbis el
sententiis. II. n. 1, linea parallela ; 2, fig.,
perhaps similitude; to draw a — , alqd cum alqd
re conferre ; see Compare, Comparison. III.
v.tr. alqd cum alqd re acquare, comparare, con-
feree ; see. Compare. parallelogram, n.
* parallelogi-animon.
paralogism, n. (in logic) falsa ratio ; to
make a — , vitiose coucludcre ; see Sophism.
paralysis, u. 1, paralysis (Plin.), in pure
Latin nervorum re.missio ; 2, tig. perhaps by im-
potens, invaliilus ; see Powerless, paralyti-
ca!, adj. paralyticus (Plin.). paralyse, v.tr.
1, lit. pede (mann, etc.) caplum or deb Hem esse
(to be — d) ; see Lame ; 2, tig. invalidum red-
dere, afiligire, percellere (Cels.).
paramount, adj. and u, see Chief, Su-
perior.
paramour, n. sec Lover, Mistress.
parapet, n, pluteus, lorica (milit. term.).
paraphernalia, n. apparatus, -us; see
Dress, Ornament.
paraphrase, I. n. circuitio, circuitus, -Us,
eloquendi, circuitus plurium verborum, circumlo-
cutio (all = circumlocution rather than verbal
— ), paraphrasis, -is, f. (Quint.). II, v.tr. and
intr. pliiribns alqd crponire et cxplicare (Cic,
Quint), pluribus vocibvs et per ambitum ver-
borum cdqd enuntiare (Suet.), circuitu plurium
verborum ostendcre alqd (Quint.).
parasite, n. 1, parasitus, fern, parasita (=
a trencher friend), assec y u)la, parasitaster (= a
wretched — ) ; 2, = a plant, planta para-
sitica, parasitic, parasitical, adj. para-
siticus (n-apaa-iTi/cos). parasitism, n. parasi-
tatio, ars parasitica (Com.).
parasol, n. umbella (Juv.), umbraculnm.
parboiled, adj. semicoctus (Plin.).
parcel, I. n. 1, see Part, Portion ; 2, see
Quantity, Mass ; 3, = package, fascis, -is, in.,
fasciculus ( = a bundle, containing several things
together), sarcina (= burden, carried by a man
or a beast); see Packet. II. v.tr. parliri( =
to divide), dioidere, distribuere, metiri(= to mea-
sure); see Divide.
parch, I. v.tr. (ex)siccare, arefacere, torrc-
facerc, (ex)urere. II. v.intr. (ex)siccari, siccessiire,
arefieri, aresccre (the latter two = to become dry) ;
see Burn, Dry. parched, adj. aridus; see
Dry.
parchment, n. membrana.
pardon, I. v.tr. ignosccre alci rei or aid
alqd, veniam ulcjs rci dare alci ; to — an oath,
jitrisjurandi gratiam alci facere, solvere alqtn
sacramento (= to free from the obligation); to — a
debt, pecuniam creditam condonare or remittire,
crcditum condonare, debitum remittcre (Uci. II.
n. venia, remissio (e.g. the foregoing of a payment,
remissio tributi); to ask — , remissionem pctcre,
veniam praeteritorum precari ; see Foroive, In-
dulgence, Overlook. pardonable, adj.
t excusabilis, cui ultio veniam dare 2>otcst.
pare, v.tr. (de)secare, resecare, circumsecare
(= to cut off in gen.), subsecare (= to cut off a
26
little), clrcumcldere (= to cut off all round).
parings, n. praesegmina, -um (ante and post
class.).
parent, n. see Father, Mother ; parens (in
gen.), prucreator (= creator), genitor. parent-
age, n. slirps, genus, -eris, n.; see Extraction,
Birth, parental, adj., by the genit. -jiaren-
turn, e.g. — love, parentum amor. Adv. puren-
turn more, parentless, adj. orbatus or orbus
(parentibus).
parenthesis, n. interpositio, interclusio
(quam nos interpositionem vet interclusionem
dicimus, Graeci napivOeaiv vocant, dum continwi-
tioni sennonis medius alqs sensus intervenit,
Quint.) ; to put anything in — , alqd continua-
tioni sennonis medium interponere. paren-
thetical, adj. a — remark, verba (orationi)
interposita.
parhelion, n. parelion, sol alter or imago
solis (Sen.).
pariah,n. unusefaecepopuli.
parietal, adj. by circuml. with paries; see
Wall.
parish, n. paroecia (parochia) (Eccl.).
parishioner, n. parochiunus (Eccl.).
parity, n. see Equality.
park, n. 1, vivarium (= presei-ve, Plin.),
sueptum (sep-) mnutionis (Var.)or perhaps saeptum
alone (= enclosure) ; 2, horti (= gardens), viri-
darium (= garden planted with trees).
parley, I. v.intr. colloqui alqd cum alqo, gen.
colluqv i de alqd re(= to speak with another about
anything), conferre ulqd, consilia con/erre de alqd
re, communicare cum alqo dealqdre(= to commu-
nicate about anything), appropriately agere, dis-
ceptare cum alqo de alqd re (= to confer on some
point of mutual concern), coram conferre alqd ; (in
a military sense), to — (respecting the surrender
of a town), leyatum or legatos de condicionibus
urbls tradendae mittere. II. n. colloquium,
sermo.
parliament, n. (in England) senatus, -us ;
to convoke the — , senatum convocare or cogere ;
an act of — , senatus consultum ; house of
— , curia; member of — , senator, parlia-
mentary, adj. senatorius, quod ad senatum
pertinet.
parlour, n. see Room.
parochial, adj. * parochialis ; see Parish.
parody, I. n. (of a poem) poetae verba et
versiis ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argu-
mentum detorta, or Greek napiaSia. II. v.tr. (a
poem) poetae verba et versus ad aliud quoddam
idque ridiculum argumentv.m detorquere. .
parole, n. (in military affairs) fides [data);
see Word.
paroxysm, n. l,febris accessia (Cels.), orofl-
cessus, -its; 2, tig. vis or impetus, or by part (e.g.
ird impulsus, = under a — of anger).
' parricide, n. 1, parricida, in. and f., the
person (parentis sui); 2, the act, parricidium.
parricidal, adj. see Murderous.
parrot, n. psiltacus.
parry, v.tr. and intr. 1, in fencing, to — a
thrust or stroke, ictum (or petitionem) vitare, ca-
vere, cavere et propulsare, also simply cavere, vi-
tare (with the sword), ictum declinare, petitionem,
declinatione et corpore effugere, also simply ictum
effugere (by n movement of the body) ; to — well,
recte cavere; to try to — , or to — anyone's
thrust with the shield, ad alcjs conatum scutum
tollere; to — and strike again, cavere et repetere;
— ing, ictus proymlsatio ; 2, fig. to — an evil
blow, etc., aniorere (= to avert), depellere, repel-,
lire, propellere, propulsare, defendere (= to ward
par
602
par
off), deprecari (lit. by entreaties) ; see Fence,
Avoid.
parse, v.tr. sententiam or locum quasiin mem-
bra discerpere ; to — words, quae sint singula
verba explicare. parsing, n. use verb.
parsimonious, adj. (gen. in an ill sense,
but sometimes in a good sense = frugal) parous
(= who is always afraid to give too much, esp. in
expenditure, opp. nimius, who goes too far in
anything, Plin.), restrictus (= who does not like
to give, opp. largus), comb, jxtrcus et restrictus,
tenax ( = tight, opp. profusus), also comb, parens
et tenax, restrictus et tenax ; malignus(= niggard,
who grudges everything); see Mean. Adv. pane,
maligne(= too sparingly, e.g. laudare, Hor.), re-
stride, parsimony, n. parsimonia alcjs rei
(= being careful with anything, then in avoiding
expenditure ; e.g. parsimonia temporis) ; too
great — , tenacitas ( = being close, never coming
out with anything, Liv.), malignitas (= niggard-
liness) ; see Meanness.
parsley, n. apium, oreoselinum or petroseli-
num (Plin.).
parsnip, n. *pastindca (Plin.).
parson, n. * presbyter, *clericus, or by
sacerdos. parsonage, n. aedes presbyteri.
part, I. n. pars, mcmbrum( — limb, e.g. of the
body, of a discourse), locus (= important passage,
point in a science, treatise) ; the middle, fur-
thest, lowest, highest — of anything is ren-
dered by medius, extremus, iv.fimus, summus, in
the same case as the tiling itself (e.g. the middle
— of a line of battle, ucics media ; the highest —
of the mountain, mons summus) ; for the most — ,
magnum partem, plerumque (= in most cases, as
regards time) ; in two, three — s, etc., bi/ariam,
trifariam, bipartite, tripartitn, etc. ; the greater
— , aliquantum with genit. (e.g. viae) ; the one
— , the other — , pars . . . pars, partim . . .
partim (also with genit. or with the prep, ex),
pars or partim . . . aiit (-«c, -a), alii (-«■', -«) . . .
alii (ae, -a) (all of persons and things) ; partly
. . . partly, partim . . . partim (but the latter
particles can only be used when we speak of a
real division into parts), qud . . . qud ( = on the
one hand ... on the other hand), et . . . et,
dim . . . turn, turn . . . <i/mi=both. . . and);
I for my— , cgoquidem, equidem( = if I must give
my own opinion, etc. ; for which moderns often
put badly, quod ad me attinet), pro med parte ( =
according to my power) ; to divide into — s, in
partes dividcre or distribute ; to receive a — of
anything, partem alcjs rei accipere ; to hare a —
in anything, alcjs rei participem or in parte or
in societate alcjs rei esse, partem or societatcm in
alqd re habere (in some good act), alcjs rei socium
esse (in some good and in some wicked action),
affinem este alcjs rei or aid rei (in something that
js bad) ; to take — in anything, partem alrjs rei
fapere (e.g. in the government of a republic,
administrandae reipublicae), in partem alcjs rei
venire, interesse alci rei (=• to be present at any-
thing, to take — in or exercise influence, e.g.
in tbe battle, pugnae), altingcrc (by action, in a
business transaction, in the carrying out of any-
thing); to have no — in anything, alcjs rei ex-
pertem esse, partem alcjs rei turn habere ; to allow
anyone to take a — in consultations, alqm in
eonxiliuw, adhibere or ad consilium ndmittire ; in
— , partly, per partes, particulntim (mostly post
class.) ; earptim ( = in pieces, when one — is taken
now, and another at some other time, and so
on, opp. universi, e.g. sen earptim partes [i.e.
partly and in different lots], sen universi [con-
venire] malknt, Liv.); ex parte, alqd ex parte ( =
in — , when only a — of the whole is taken at a
time, or only a few parts at a iiine, etc. opp.
totus, e.g. to conquer a town — , v.rbem expartc
capcre ; to please — , ex parte ptdecre ; to b«
changed — , alqd ex. parte commutari), nonnulki
parte (inasmuch as the parts do not form a con-
nected whole, but are isolated, "here and there,"
e.g. summotis sub murum cohortibus ac nonnulld
parte prcqjter terrorem in oppidum compulsis) ; to
take one's — with one, or to take — with ono,
in akjspartes transire, transgredi, alqm defendcre,
pro alcjs salute propugnare (the latter two = to
defend, e.g. very eagerly, accrrime), against any-
one, stare cum alqo adversus alqm; to take in
good — , in bonam partem accipere ; to act a — ,
agere alqm or alcjs partes, alcjs personam tueri ;
on the — of . . ., ab alqo (e.g. on his — nothing
will be done, ab co or ab illo nihil agitur ; on his
— we have nothing to fear, ab eo nihil nobis ti-
mendum est, also by alcjs verbis, alcjs nomine, in
anyone's name ; see Name) ; a — (music), modi
musici compluribus vocibus descripli; — singing,
complurium vocum cantus ; in these — s, hae
regione, hie; good — s; see Ability, Speech.
II. v.tr. divider*, partiri ; see Divide, Sepa^
rate. III. v.intr. digredi, discedere. part-
ing, n. digrcssio, digressus, -its, discessus, -ns.
partly, adv. partim, (alqd) ex parte; see
Part, I.
partake, v.tr., to — of, participem esse alcjs
rei; of food, see Eat; also Part, I. par-
taker, n. sociiis; — of or in anything, porft-,
ceps or socius alcjs rei, affinis alcjs rei or alci
rei; fern, socia, in anything, porticeps or socio.
alcjs rei, affinis alcjs rei or alci rei.
parterre, n. perl.aps area floribus consita.
Parthenon, n. Parf7i«io»(Plin.).
partial, adj. 1, alterivs partis studiosus t
evpidus (= acting under the influence of one's.
passion), ad gratiam /actus (= what is done
to insinuate oneself), iniquvs (= unfair); 2, =
partly, ex (alqd) parte; see Partly. Adv.
cupide, iniquc, ex (alqd) parte, partiality,
n. studium (= the leaning towards one party),
gratia (= favour shown to one party, e.g. crimen,
gratiae, i.e. accusation of — ), cupiditas ( = bias,'
esp. of a judge, etc.) ; to act with — , cupidius
agere ; to approve anything through — , studio
quodam comprobare alqd.
participate, v.intr. and tr., by particeps
alcjs rei (= anyone who receives a sJiare of any-
thing or takes part in anything, e.g. ejusdem lau-
dis ; in a conspiracy, conjurationis ; in a plea-
sure, voluptatis), consors, socivs alcjs rei (= who
has joined with others, e.g. socius s-.eleris), affinis
alcjs rei or alci rei (in anything, esp. in a bad
action, e.g. affinis facinori, noxae, culpae), com]x>s
alcjs rei (— who possesses anything, is in the pos-
session of, e.g. anything pleasant, e.g. the con-
sulate, praise), alcjs rei potens (= who possesses.
a thing and is the master over it) ; to come to —
in a thing, participem or compotem fieri alcjs rei;.
to — in a crime, se obstringere alqd re. par-
ticipation, n. societas, communicatio ; in any-
thing, societas alcjs rei (= joint — in, e.g. belli).
participator, n. socius, affinis, consors; see
Participate. ;
participle, n. participium (Gram.).
particle, n. 1, pariicula (in gen.), frustum
(= a little bit of food, otherwise rare) ; 2, in
gram., * pariicula.
particoloured, adj. versicolor, varius.
particular, adj. zejviratus; everyone has
his own — place and his own table, separatae
singulis sedes et sua cviqne mensa (Tac); =
peculiar to anyone, proprius (of which we are
the only possessors, opp. communis) ; praecipuus
(in possessing which we have an advantage
over others), peculiaris (when one thing is to
pai 4
603
pE8
be distinguished from another, bf a tiling pecu-
liar in its kind), singularis ( = single, isolated,
excellent), praecipttus ( = excellent), eximius
(= exceeding ; see Excellent) ; = strange,
wonderful, singularis, novus (= new, wliat was
never seen before), minis (= striking) ; a
— ease, minis quidam casus; see Peculiar,
Exact, Singular; —exacting, diligens, accura-
tus; a — friend; sec Intimate, Private, par-
ticulars, n., in the pi.-, to go into — , singula
sequi ; scribere lie singulis rebus (in letters) ; rem
online, ut gesta est, narrare. particularity,
n. diligentia. particu ' rize, v.tr. nominare
(=to name), enumerate (=to enumerate), per
nomina citare (= to mention several persons by
name), particularly, adv., by quod enrae or
cordi est; gravis ( = important), or with the
advs. sedulo (= assiduously), studiose (= with
zeal), diligenter (= with care), cupide (= eager-
ly), impense (= urgently), veliementer (= vehe-
mently, very much), magnopiere (=with all
one's mind), praesertim , praecipue ( = especially),
maxime (= chiefly), imprimis (imprimis = above
all), etiam atque ettitm ( = over and over), also
veliementer etiam atque etiam ; to court anyone's
friendship most — , cupidissivie alcjs amicitiam
appetere.
partisan, n. homo alcjs studiosus, fixator.
partisanship, n. studium, favor.
partisan, n. a weapon, bipennis.
partition, n. 1, see Division, Separation;
2, a — in a house, paries, -ells, m. ( = wall), paries
intergerinus (intergcriinis, Plin., = common wall
between neighbouring houses), saeptum (sep-,
= fence or place fenced oft), loculamentum
(used of the — s in an aviary).
partitive, adj. in Gram., partitivus.
partner, n. 1, lit., by verbs, see Partaker,
Associate ; 2, in commercial business, socius
(in every sense) ; 3, in marriage, conjv(n)x,
-jugis, in. and f. ; see Husband, Wife, part-
nership, n. consortio (rare), societas (as society
and persons united in — , Cic), socii (= persons
associated together) ; to form a — , societatem
facere; to enter into — with anyone, alqm sibi
socium adjungire.
partridge, n. perdrix.
parturition, n. partus, -iis.
party, n. 1, pars, or pi. partes (in gen.), /actio
(lit. = any number of persons who entertain the
same sentiments, then esp. in a political sense),
serta(prop. of philosophers or learned men ingen.);
the opposite — , see Opposition; to belong to any-
one's — , alcjs partis or partium esse, alcjs partes
sequi, alcjs sectam sequi, cum alqo facere, ab or
cum alqo stare, alcjs rebus studere or favere, alcjs
esse studiosum ; not to belong to either, any — ,
neutrius partis or nullius partis esse (sec Neu-
tral); to favour different parties (of several), uli-
drum (alias) partes foverc ; to get anyone over to
one's own — , alqm in suas partes traherc, ducere-;
to divide into two parties, in duas partes discedire,
in duas/actioHcs scindi; — zeal in the contest,
studium; — leader, dux or prmceps partium,
prince pi or caput factionis ; in the context also
simply dux, caput ; — spirit (partium) studium ;
— struggle, — dispute, in the State, certamen
partium or factionum; 2, = company, aliquot ( =
a few, in an indefinite sense), complurcs( = i\ large
number) ; a large — , cojtia, multitiulo, also by
alii— alii; pleasure — , into the country, by
excurrere; on the water, by navigare ; to be one
of the — , una esse cum aliis; he who is one of
the — , socius ( = who joins), comes (= companion) ;
to be one of the — invited by anyone, to go
with a — somewhere, alci comitem se culdere or
. adjungere; a card — , lusus, -iis (= game) ; see
Cause, Company, party-wall, it. see Parti-
tion.
parvenu, n. novushomo.
paschal, adj. paschalis (Eccl.).
pasha, n. satrapes, -ae and -is, in.
pasquinade, n. libellus famosus (= a libel).;
see Libel ; if a poem, carmen. probrosum, Ja-
mosum, carmen maledicum, elogium (^verses
written at anyone's door, Plant.); a — upon
anyone's voluptuousness, versus in alcjs cupidi-
tatemfacti.
pass, I. v.intr. 1, transire, transgredi (= to go
past), ire or venire per alqm locum ( = to — through
a place), alqm locum inire or ingredi or intrare
(= to enter into a place, of persons), importari,
invehi(= to be imported, of things), alqo loco exire
or egredi (from a place, of persons), exportari,
evehi (= to be transported away from a place, of
things), alqm locum transcendere orsujierare (= to
— through, over a place which lies high, e.g. a
mountain) ; to — through the gate, portd exirje
(in going out), porta introire (in going in) ; to -*-
across a river, flumen transire or tra(j)icire or
transmitters; to let the troops — across a river,
copias flumen or trans flumen tra(j)iccre; not to
allow anyone to — , alqm aditn prohibere (in
going past or in going in), alqm egressione pro-
hibere, alqm egressu, arcere (in going out) ; not
to allow anyone to — backwards and forwards.,
nee aditu ncc reditu ahpn prohibere ; see Uq,
etc. ; 2, to — into possession of, see Get ; 3, of
the time, transire, praeterire (= to — by), abiix
(= to go away), circumagi, se circumagere (^=
to come round), exire, praeterire (= to elapse);
the time — es quickly, tempus fugit, aetas volat;
4, perferri ( = to be carried, of a law); see
Enact ; 5, = to be tolerated, proburi (of that
which can be approved), ferri posse (of what
can be tolerated); to let a thing — , alqd non
plane improl>are(= not to disapprove altogether),
alqdfcrre(— to bear); see Allow, Permit ; 6, t=
to be considered, haberi alqm or pro alqo (the
latter if we consider anyone to be a person of a
certain character, etc.); to — as rich, haber.i
divitem (if the person really is so), haberi pro
divite (if considered as such) ; 7> = to come to
— , accidere ; see Happen ; 8, in feuciug, alqm
petirc; 9, as I — ed along, in — ing, in transitu,
transiens, praeteriens (also tig. = by-the-bye,;
the two former in a lig. sense only post-Aug.
(e.g. Quint.), but quasi praeteriens in Cic.),
strictim (fig., but superficially, after Seneca
also obiter); to mention in — ing, in mentiowm
alcjs rei incidere (Liv.) ; 10, to — by, praeterire
or praelergruli, a place, alqm locum; transir.e
alqm locum (= to go beyond a place) ; to let none
— by, go past, neminem praetermittere ; = tin
cease, abire ; of time, praeterire, transire; to —
through, transire (absol., or with the acens. of
the place), iter facere per (with acens. of the
place), pervadere, penetrare (= to penetrate),
transvchi, veld per locum (in a carriage, on
board a vessel). II. v.tr. 1, = to go beyond,
transgredi (only lit., e.g. flumen), transire or
egredi alqd or extra alqd (lit and fig.), excedire
(fig.); to — the boundaries, limits, transits
fines (both in entering and leaving a country ;
then also fig. alcjs rei), egredi extra fines (lit., in
leaving a country, tenninos egredi, lig.) ; to —
the fifth year, egredi quintum annum; see Sur-
pass; 2, of time, degere, agcrc, transigire (e.g.
diem, vitum, or actatem); with anything or wijh
a person, duccre alqd' re (e.g. the night with in-
teresting conversation, noctem jucundis scrmoni-
bus), consumere or conterere alqd re or in alqd re
(in a good or bad sense), absumire alqd re (= {o
waste time, e.g. with talking, tempus dicendo) ;
extrahere alqd re (when w" »«Jk instead of acj-
pas
§04
pas
Jug), fallere alqd re ; to — whole days by the
fireside, tutos dies juxtct focum atque ignem agire;
to — the night, pcrnodare ; see Spend; 3,
to — :in examination, ulci satisfacere ; (= to
satisfy), probari (= to be considered competent,
stare (= not to fall through in carrying out any-
thing) ; very honourably, pulcherrime state, in
a disgraceful- manner, turpcm inveniri ; 4,
of a business, to — accounts, ratioues ratas
habere! see Terminate, Settle, Divide; 5,
= to allow to — , trnnsitum dare alci (a per-
son), transmitter*; 6, = to put through a
narrow hole, tra(j)icere, immittere, inserere
(the latter two = to put into, e.g. one's
hand, the key into the keyhole) ; to — thread
through a needle, filum in acum inserere ; 7, =
to — sentence, sente.ntiam dicere (by word of
mouth) or ferre (by votes); upon anyone, judi-
cium facere de alqo (e.g. optimum); to — sen-
tence of death upon anyone, o/g?)! capitis dam-
nare ; see Sentence ; 8, to — a law, decern-
ere (of the Senate), legem esse jubcre (of the
people) ; see Enact. — away, v.intr. 1, see
Pass, I. 3 ; 2, see Die. — by, v.tr. 1, see Pass,
1. 10 ; 2, see Pass over. — off, I. v.tr. to —
anyone or anything on anyone for anyone or any-
thing, dicere (= to say), perhibere (= to call),
ferre ( = to bring forward), mentiri (= to say
falsely) ; to — anyone, report as being dead, fid-
sum nnntium mortis alcjs afferre ; to — anything
as one's own, swim essealqd dicere; to — as truth,
verum esse alqd dicere, simulare alqd esse i<crum ; to
— anyone as one's father, patrem sibi alqm assum-
ere ; to — anyone (falsely) as the author of any-
thing, alqm auctorem esse alcjs rei mentiri ; to —
anyone by a false report as the founder, alqm
conditortm famd ferre ; to — oneself for, se ferre
alqm( = to report up and down), se proflteri alqm
(= to declare oneself to be so and so), simu-
lare, alqm se esse velle (lie will have it that he
is so and so), to — himself off as a king, regis
titulum usurpare. II. v.intr. abire (used
hy Cic. of sea-sickness) ; see Cease. — oil,
v.intr. pergere; let ns — (in speaking), perga-
mus (ad alqd). — over, I. v.tr. any person or
thing in speaking (= not to remember), praderire
with or without silentio, relinquere, comb, prae-
terire ac relinquere, mittere. omittere (of one's
own free will and with intent, e.g. omitto juris-
diclionem contra leges ; relinquo caedes ; Hbidines
praetereo); to — over, that, etc., ut omittam,
qiiod, etc., ne dicam, quod, etc. ; — ing overall
these circumstances, omissis his rebus omnibus ;
to be — ed over, praeteriri (in gen.), repulsam
ferre or accipere(- to be rejected, in the election
of an office) ; see Neolect. — round, v.intr.
tradere. III. n. 1, = a narrow passage, aditus,
-iis (= access in gen.), angustiae locorum, or
simply angustiae (= narrow — ), fauces, -inm (=
narrow entrance and exit into a more open
country), saltus, -iis (= woody mountain-pass,
e.g. near Thermopylae, Thermopylarum) ; 2, see
Pa3Saoe, Road ; 3, = an order to — , libellns,
•iis, qui alci aditum aperiat ; 4, = condition, eo
ventum est ut ; see Condition, passable,
adj. 1, pen'ius, trilus (= much frequented) ;
or transitu facilis; 2, = tolerable, tolerabilis,
mediocris. Adv.mediocriter. passage, n. 1, -
the act of passing, transitus, -iis, transitio, trans-
vectio (= transit of goods); transgressio, trans-
ffressus, -us, tra(ns)missio, tra(ns)missus, -iis, tra-
jectio, trajectus, -us (the substs. in -io express
the act, those in -its the condition, the —
Itself) ; — across a river, transitus or transvectio
Jluminis; in the — of such large sums of the
royal treasure into Italy, in tantd pecunid regiA
in Italiam trajiciendd ; = to grant a — to any-
one, dare alci transitum or iter per agros urbes-
que, alqm per fines sitos ire pati, alqm per fines
regni transire- sinire (to an army, to a general
with the army through a country) ; a — across,
transitio, transitus, -us ; 2, = way, road, iter,
via, aditus, -iis; 3, — of a book, locus, caput
(= chapter); bird of — , avis adrena ; see Mi-
gratory, passenger, n. 1, on the road, via-
tor (on foot), vector (ou horseback, by carriage,
ship) ; 2, after he has arrived, hospes, -itis.
passing, n. 1, see Passage ; 2, in com-
merce, permutatio (= exchange), venditio ( =
sale), passport, n. by facultas (alcjs loci
adcundi) data. password, n. tessera (=
a token). past, I. adj. and n., praeteri-
tus, ante actus (or as one word, anteactus, =
done before), prior, superior (= last, e.g. last
week) ; the — , praeterita, -orum ; the — time,
tense, tempus praeteritum ; pardon for what is
— , venia praeteritorum, rerum praeteritarum
or ante actarum oblivio ; the — years, mini
praeteriti (e.g. since one's birth, etc.), anni
priores (= the last few years); during the —
year, priore or sniperiore form ; during the
time — , tempore praeterito (= the whole of it),
prioribus town's (= during the last few years) ;
during, in the — night, node priore. or supe-
riore. II. adv. praeter (gen. only in comp.
with verbs ; when in Lat. we form compounds
with praeter and trans, praeter denotes the
direction in which an object moves — another
and at the same time removes from it, whilst
trans expresses the direction from a certain
point to the furthest end) ; to hurry — , praeter-
volare; to drive — , v.tr. praeterveliire or trans-
vehere, anything, praeter alqd ; v.intr. praetervehi
or transvehi, anything, alqd ; the driving — ,
praetervectio ; to fly — , praetervolare ; to flow
— , praehrfluere ; to lead — , praeterducire
(Plant), transducire, — any place, praeter alqm
locum; to go — a place, praeterire or transire
alqm locum ; to let go — , to allow to pass, prae-
termittere (lit. persons and things, then = nut to
avail oneself of, through carelessness, e.g. an
opportunity for, occasionem alcjs rei; the day
appointed, "the term, diem), transitum alcjs rei ex-
spectare (= to wait until anything is over, e.g. a
storm, tempestatis), omittere (fig. = to lose, e.g. an
opportunity, occasionem), dimittere(flg. = to allow
to pass, because one fancies he is not in want
of it, e.g. an opportunity, occasionem, occa-
sionem fortund datam), amiltere(= not to heed,
through carelessness, so as to be unable to
make use of, e.g. occasionem ; the favourable
moment, tempus), intermiltere(e.g. not a moment,
nullum temporis punctum; not a day, without,
etc., nullam diem, quin, etc.). III. as prep.
praeter, trans, with aceus.; see above II. pas-
time, n. Indus (= game), oblectamentum, oblec-
tatio, delectamentum (rare).
passion, n. 1, = suffering, perpessio, toleratio
(Cic, both with the genit. of that which causes
us to suffer); — of Christ, *passio or 'per-
pessio; see Suffering ; 2, — excitement, animi
concitatio, animi impetus, -us; stronger, auinii
perturbatio, motus, -us, animi turbatus or pert ur-
batus (= violent emotion in gen. ; animi affectio
= disposition ; affection of the mind ; animi
morns, commotio or permotio = mental excitement
in gen.), cupiditas, cupido (= longing), libido (luh-,
chiefly = sensual desire), temeritas (= rashness),
intemperantia(= want of moderation, licentious-
ness, opp. aequitas); = anger, ira, iracundia ; =
fondness for, alcjs rei studium ; violent — , acer-
rimns animi motus, -iis, vehemens animi im-
petus, -us; disorderly, unruly — , Hbidines, -um;
without — , aequo animo ; to rule over one's — ,
to conquer — , perturbatos animi motus cohibcre,
cupidates co'ercere, cupiditatibns imperare, cen-
tinentem esse (esp. with regard to sensuality) ;
to be free from — , ab omni animi concitatione
pas
805
pat
vacurc, omni animi rtrturbatione liberum or
lilicrotiim esse ; to act under the influence of — ,
citpidc itqcie; to go so far in one's — as, etc.,
ttiiilio sic effetrl. pa:.«icraato, adj. cupidus
(= -cedy, eager), cmicito ut incitatus (=excited),
impcteua (of one who cannot master liia passion,
always with the genit., e.g. irae, laetiliae ; tlien
that can net lie restrained, excessive, e.g. laetitia,
poitulatum), velieinens, aniens, fiagrans (= eager,
anient), iracundus, eerebrosus (—■ liot-tempered,
hasty), studiosissiMtis ulcjs ret (= very much given
to anything). Ad\\cnpide,cupidissime( = eBiger\y),
studiose ( = \vit\i zeal), vehementer, ardenter, studio
fiagranti( = with extreme zeal), iracufu2e(=hasti-
ly), effuse or stronger effusissime (= beyond all
bounds) ; to be — fond of anything, alci rei effuse
indidgire (beyond all bounds, e.g. feasting, convi-
viis), ulcjs rei esse studiosissimum, magna alcjs rei
studio teneri ( = to be a great admirer of anything),
alqd re maxime delectari (—■ to be quite delighted
in); to love anyone — , effusissime alqm deligere
(as a friend, etc.). passionatenoss, n. animi
ardor, furor (in a high degree) ; — in contending
for anything, ira et studium. passionless,
adj. cupiditatis eyrpers, omni animi perturbations
vacuus or liber, passive, adj. 1, by pati (e.g.
affectus), accipiendi et quasi patiendi vim habere
(= to have aptness to suffer, opp. movendi vim
habere et efficiendi, Cic); to remain — , quiescere;
in anything, alqd patienter ferre; under an in-
sult, accepts, injurid alci ignoscere ; one who
remains — , quietus; 2, — verb, verbum patiendi
(opp. verbum agens, Aul. Gell.), patiendi modus
(Quint.), verbum passivum (late Gram.). Adv.
aequo animo, patienter ; see Passive, 1 ; in
Gram., passive, passlveness, n. patientia;
see Patience.
Passover, n. * Pascha.
paste. I. n. farina qud chartae glutinanlur
(Plin.). II. v.tr. farind glutinare.
pastor, n. 1, see Shepherd ; 2, * pastor ;
see Preacher, pastorship, n. see Ministry.
pastoral, I. adj. 1, pastoralis, pastoricius; in
wider sense, agrestis, rusticus ; 2, quod ad pas-
torem pertinet. II. n. = — poem, carmen buco-
licum.
pastry, n. panifichim(= bread-making), opus
pistorium, cruslum ; = meat-pie, ar2ocreas(Pers.).
pastry cook, n. crustulareus (Sen.); see
Baker.
pasturage, n. 1, = business of feeding
cattle, respecuaria or pecuaria ; 2, see Pasture.
pasture, I. n. pascuum, locus pascuus (in gen.),
ager pascuus (= — land) ; common — land, ager
compascuus. II. v.tr. pascere (lit. and flg.V
III. v.intr. pastum ire, pabulari (= to graze),
pasci (= to feed).
pat, I. n. plaga levis. II. v.tr. perhaps per-
mulcere (= to soothe, of patting a horse). III.
adv. in tempore, opportune; see Fit, Conveni-
ence.
patch, I. n. pannus. II. v.tr. (re)sarcire,
pannum alci rei assuere. patchwork", n. cento
(= a coat patched together; in modern writers
also a written work patched together from dif-
ferent sources).
patent, I. adj. 1, manifestus, apertus, clarus,
certus ; see Open ; 2, res cui diploma datum
est. II. n. 1, a letter — , = a public order,
edictum ; to issue a — , edicere or edictxim pro-
ponere, with -ut or ne (when anything is pro-
hibited) ; 2, for some new invention, use dip-
loma, -dtis, or libellus quo beneficium alqd datur
(e.g. dare alci beneficium salis vendendi), or po-
testas alcjs rei faciendae or vendendae. III. y. tr.
by 8- wjth dare; see abpve,
paternal, adj. pateniw, jiatrius ( = fatherly);
— property, res puterno, buna (-orum) jiuterna,
patrimonium ; — disposition, aninuii i*dernus in
alqm (so animus maternus, fratenitu) , — love,
amor paternus or patriut.
path, n. via (= way in gen.), semilii, trames,
■ itis, m. (= by-nad), callis, in. und f. (= footpath
through a wood, etc.); the — of life, via vitae ; to
stray from the — of virtue, de vi/i duedcre ; to
follow the — of virtue, virtvlem scqui, vir-
tuti operum dare; to lead anyone away from the
— of virtue, alqm transversum agere (in gen.),
alqm ad nequitiam adducere (= to lead to extra-
vagances), pathless, adj. inrius; see Wat,
Passage.
pathetio, pathetical, adj. misericors
(= pitiful), Jfcbilis, viacstus, tristis( = sad). Adv.
Jlebiliter, maeste. pathos, n. maestitia, maeror,
tristitia ; there was such — in his speech, tanta
maestitia inerat orationi.
pathologist, n. medicus qui valetudinis
genera novit. pathology, u. * pathologia{t.t.).
patience, n. patientia, toleranlia(= strength
and perseverance in enduring calamity, etc. ;
generally with genit., e.g. tolerantia doloris, in
enduring pain), perseverantia (if we shrink
from no difficulties, however great), aequus
animus, aequitas animi (= a quiet mind not dis-
turbed by anything); to have — with anyone,
alqm and alcjs mores or naturam patienter ferre,
or simply alqm ferre; — I i.e. wait! exspecta!
mane! see Perseverance, patient, I. adj.
paliens, tolerans, tolerabilis (rare, not in Cic,
who, however, uses the adv. tolerabiliter). in any-
thing, alcjs rei, placidus ; to be — , ex(s)pectare,
maiierc( = to wait), giuescere( = tobequiet). Adv.
patierder, toleranter, tolerabiliter, aequo animo( =
with a calm mind, e.g. to put up with anything) ;
to look at a tiling — , aequo animo spectare alqd ;
to endure — , patienter or toleranter ferre alqd,
patienter atque aequo animo ferre, and with
pati ac ferre, pati et perferre, perferre ac pati,
perferre patique alqd. II. n. aeger (= the sick
person).
patois, n. sermo rusticus.
patriarch, n. patriarcha (Ecel.). patri-
archal, adj. 1, patriarchalis (Eccl.); 2, flg.
*grandaevus; see Old.
patrician, adj. and n. patricius (opp. pie-
beius) ; the — s, jxitricii.
patrimony, n. hereditas(= inheritance), pa-
trimonium( = inherited from the father).
patriot, n. patriae or reipublicae amans, rei-
publicae amicus (= who loves his own native
country), ci vis bonus{=a good citizen, in general);
to be a — , amare patriam, bene de republicd
senlire. patriotic adj. patriae or reipublicae
amans. Adv. patriae caus(s)d. patriotism,
n. patriae amor or caritas (= love of one's own
country), pietas erga patriam, in the context only
pietas( = the duty which we have towards our own
native country), reipublicae studium; if — is a
crime, I have already sufficiently atoned for it,
si scelestum est patriam amare, pertuli paenarum,
satis ; to possess — , patriam amare, bene de re-
publicd sentire.
patristic, adj. patrum or quod ad patres
pertinet.
patrol, I. n. circiteres, circuitores Gate). II.
v.intr. circumire stationes (= to examine and
watch the outposts), circumire vigilias (= to
examine the sentinels), circinnire urbem (=to
go round the town).
patron, % 1, = protector, palronus, fautor,
cultor, amator, praeses, -idis, m. and f. (= guar«
' ; -T- of the ie«rned, doctorwrn cultor ; 2, = 9
pat
806
pec
superior, as a feudal lord, *dominus feudi, or
holder of church property, *patronus ; — saint,
pratses, -xdis, m. patronage, n. = the sys-
tem of patron and client, patrocinium, clien-
Ma, pruesidivm, to be under the — , sub cdcjs
fide et clienteld esse, patroness, n. patrona.
patronize, v.tr. alqd gratia et auctoritate sud
svstcntare.
patronymic, adj. and n. patronymicum
iwmen (Gram.).
patten, n. lignea solea (= mere wooden sole
tied under the feet), scidponca (= a kind of
higher wooden shoe).
patter, I. v.intr. crepare, crepitare, crcpltum
dare ( = to clatter), strepire, strepilum dare (= to
rattle;. II. n. crepitus, -us, strepitus, -us.
pattern, n. 1, = example, txemplum, exem-
plar, specimen, documentxtm, proplasma, -dtis, n.
(of a sculptor, Plan.) ; to set a — , cxemplum p>ro-
ponere ad imitandum; a — of excellence, ex-
celkntiae specimen; 2, = sample, exemplum.
' pancity, n. paucitas, or by adj. pauci.
paunch, n. abdomen (proper term), venter
(= stomach in gen.).
pauper, n. see Poor, pauperism, n.
see Poverty. .
" pause, I. n. mora (= delay), respiratio, inter-
spiratio (= interval in speaking, in order to take
breath), distinctio (in music, Cic), intervallum ( =
interval, e.g. to make a pause in speaking, inter-
vallo dicere, e.g. dutincta alias et interpuncta in-
tervaUa, morae respirationesque delectant, Cic. ;
but as' regards music = stop), intermissio (when
anything stops for a while), inUrcapcdo (= inter-
val, interruption, e.g. to make a — in writing
letters, in one's- correspondence, ixitercapcdincm
scribendi facere). II. v.intr. moramfaCcre (= to
niake a delay), inlersistcre (= to stop for a while,
during a speech, etc., Quint.) ; to — in anything,
moram facere in alqd re (in'paying, in solvendo),
intermittere alqd (= to discontinue for a time),
alqd fuciendi intercapedinem facere ; I do not —
a single moment in my work during the night,
nulla pars nocturni tempori ad laborcm intermit-
tilur ; see Cease, Intermit.
pave, v.tr. lapkle or silice (cm)stemere or
persternere (in gen.), munire (= to make a road).
pavement, n. pavimentum, t strata viarum,
via strata (= paved road), paving, n. stra-
tum (Suet.), paving-stone, n. saxximqxiad-
ratum.
pavilion, n. papilio (= a tent erected for
pleasure in summer ; late) ; see Tent.
paw, I. n. pes, pedis, m. (= foot), vng-ulq (=
claw). II. v.tr. (solum, etc.) pedibus ferire.
pawn, I. n. pignus, -iris, n. ; see Pledge.
II. v.tr. alqd pignori dare or opponlre. pawn-
broker, n. pignerator or qui pignora quae-
stus caus(s)a accipit. (The Romans had no sys-
tem of pawnbroking.)
pawn, n. at chess, latrunexdus, latro.
pay, I. v.tr. (per)solvere, exsolvere, dissolrere,
pendere, dependere (= to weigh out), pensitare,
mmerare, numerato solvere (in ready money) ;
not to be able to — , nonesse solvendn or ad solven-
dum; to — cash, praesenti pecxinid solvere, reprae-
sentare ; to — a penalty, poenas dare or solvere ;
to — for, = to give money for, alqd pro alqd re
solvere ; = to atone for, luere ; to — for with one's
life, alqd capiteluere; seeATONE. II. v.intr. frus-
tum, ferre, quaesluosum, fructuosum esse. III.
n. merces, -idi6, f. (= wages), stipendium (of a
soldier), quaestus, -us (= gain), payable, adj.
solvendus; a bill is — at sight, petunia ex syn-
graplid solvtnda est. pay-day, n. dies quo
inerces solvenda est, or dies alone if fixed by con-
text, paymaster, n. 1, in gen. qui alqd
solvit ; see Steward ; 2, in the army, tribunvs
acrarius. payment, n. solutio, repraaentatio
(= ready-money — ).
pea, n. pisxtm (PliD.), cicer, -eris, D. (= chick-
pea).
peace, I. n. pax, otium (= leisure), concordia
(= agreement) ; in — , in pace; to treat for — ,
agerc de jKicis condition ibns ; (o enter on — , inire
pacem, ; to mako — , facere pacem; to keep or
preserve — , pads fidem servare; to break — ,
pacem frangere, violare ; to have no — , turbari,
rexari, from someone, ab alqo ; to leave a person
in — , alqm non turbare ; to dismiss in — , ahpii
cum pace demittere; articles of — , pads kges,
conditiones; to bring — , ferre; to prescribe — ,
dicere; to accept — , accixxre; love of — , pacis
amor; one who studies — , pads amans, con-
gruens; to bind over tokcepthe — , pecunid devi
cavere. II. interj. tace, tacete ! Pax! peace-
able, adj. placidus, placabilis, cortcors. Adv.
placide, concorditer, congmenter. peaceful,
adj. pacatus, placidus, quietus, tranquillvs. Adv.
placide, tpiiete, tro.nquille, cum (bond) pace.
peacefulness, n., peacemaker, n. see
Peace, peace-offering, n. piaculum, pla-
camen ; see Treaty, Truce.
peacock, n. pavo.
peak, n. 1, generally by summits or extremus
(= the uppermost or furthest part, etc., e.g. the
— of the mountain, summum montisjvgum) ; see
Summit, Top ; 2, = the end of anything that
terminates in a point, apex ; see Point.
peal, I. n. sonitus, -us, companarum (of
bells) ; — of laughter, mchinnus; — of applause,
plausiis clamorcs; — of thunder, tonitrus, -its,
fragor (mostly poet.). II. v.tr. perhaps cam-
panas movere or cicre. III. v.intr. son are.
pear, n. pi-rum. pear-tree, n. pirus, f.
pearl, n. margarita. pearly, adj. mar-
garitum similis.
peasant, n. agricola, m., agricvltor, in the
context also simply cidtor(= countryman, in re-
ference to his occupation ; poetic, ruricola), rusti-
cus (both in reference to his occupation and to his
manners, hence = an uncultivated person, with-
out refinement, in opp. to urbanus, a refined
civilian), agrestis (in reference to his dwelling iu
the country ; also with regard to his rude man-
ners), rustkanus (= brought up in the country),
paganus, vicanus (= villager, opp. oppidanus).
peasantry, n. rustici, agrestes.
pease, n. see Pea.
pebble, n. calcidvs, lapillus.
peccadillo, n. culpa, delictum; see Fault.
peccant, adj. peccans.
peck, I. n. = a measure, perhaps semodius.
II. v.tr. rostro lundere (= to strike) or caedere,
vellicare.
pectoral, adj. pecioralis (Cels.).
peculation, n. pcculatus, -us (publicus); to
commit — , pecunium avertere, peexdari; to be
accused of — , peexdatusaccusari; see Embezzle.
peculiar, adj. 1, = belonging to a person,
proprins (= both what belongs to anyone as his
property and what is — to him, in Cic. only
with geiiit.), mens, txius, suus(— proprius), comb.
proprins et meus, praecipuus et jroprius (= par-
ticular and — ), peexdiaris (- what anyone pos-
sesses as his own, esp. of one's own earnings),
comb. 7>eei< liaris et proprius, privatus ( = what
belongs to anyone as his own property, opp.
publicus), singnlaris( = what belongs to anyone as
his characteristic feature); this failing is nut
merely — to old people, id quidem non propriv.m
pec
807
pen
senectutis est vitium; it is — to man, etc., est
naturd sic generuta hominis vis, etc. (Cic), to
every mau, cujusvis hominis est (d.g. to err,
irrurc, Cic.) ; see Particular, Special; 2, =
singular, minis, novus ; see Strange. Adv.
pracsertim, maxime, imprimis (in primis),
■mirum in modum, mire, peculiarity, n. pro-
prictas(= peculiar nature of anything), natura
(= natural state, cliaracteristic feature) ; what is
a noble — in liis style, quod orationi ejus exim-
ium inest ; everyone should as much as possible
preserve his own — , id quemque maxime decct
quod est cujusque maxime suum.
- pecuniary, adj. pecuniarius, praemium pe-
cuniae or rei pecuuiariae ; to make large —
rewards to anyone, munera pecuniae magna alci
dure, praemia rei pecuuiariae magna alci tri-
bucre.
pedagogue, n. pacdagogus (= the slave
who accompanied a child to school ; used also
by Plaut. in something of the modern sense of
— ); magister (= master); see Pedant, Edu-
cate, School.
pedant, n. homo ineptus (qui aut tempus quid
postulet, non videt, aut plura loquitur, aut se
attentat, aut eorum, quibuscum est, vel dignitatis
rei commodi rationcm non liabet, aut denique in
alqo genere inconcinuus aut midtus est, is ineptus
esse dicitur, Cic.) ; homo putidus(= who tries the
patience of his hearers or readers to the utmost,
through his pedantic manner), pedantic,
adj. ineptus, putidus, moleslus; to have nothing
— , nihil habere molest iarum nee ineptiarum;
see Affected. Adv. inepte, pidide, moleste.
pedantry, n. ineptiae (in gen.), jactatio putida
(= idle ostentation), violestia ( = affectation),
morositas (= niceness), molesta or (stronger) mo-
lestissima diligentiae pcrversitas (= unnecessary
Care and trouble, so as to be wearisome to
others) ; exact, conscientious, but without — ,
diligens sine molest id; see Affectation.
pedestal, n. of a column, etc., basis, stylo-
bates, -is, m.
pedestrian, adj. and u. a — , pedes, -Wis, in.;
— tour, iter pedestre ; to begin a — tour, iter
pedibus ingredi ; to make a — tour, iter pedibus
faciie, conjicere.
pedigree, n. stemma gentile or simply
stemma (Sen.) ; to repeat one's whole — off by
heart, memoriter progeniem suam ab avo atque
atavo proferre.
pedlar, n. inslltor.
peel, I. n. cutis (Plin.), corium (Plin.), tunica,
errata (e.g. glandis, Plin.), putamen (= shell
of nuts, etc.). II. v.tr. putamen, cutem, etc.,
alci rei detrahere (fruit, eggs); to — a tree, cor-
ticevi arbori in orbem (all round) detrahere, de-
corticare arborem or delibrare arborcm. III.
v.intr. cutem (paul(l)atim) (de)ponere. peeling,
n. decorlicatio.
peep, I. v.intr. prospiccre ; to — forth,
enitcre, emicare (= to shine), apparcre, conspici,
conspicuum esse (= to be seen, the latter two esp.
of objects that are very conspicuous) ; to — at
anything, alqd intueri, oculis percurrerc. II. n.
1, a(d)sp>ectits, -its, conspectus, -us; to take a —
at, alqd oculis percurrere, oculos in alqd con-
(j)icere ; see Look ; 2, = beginning at — of day,
diluculo, primd luce.
peep, v.intr., of chickens, pipare, pipire.
peer, n. 1, = equal, par ; 2, = noble, units
e patriciis or nobilibus; house of — s, senatus,
-us. peerage, u. by gradus, -us (e.g. to raise
to the — , alqm ad amplissimum gradum pro-
ducere. peerless, adj. cui par inveniri non
yokst l v.nicus. Adv. unice,
peer, v.intr. (pci)scrutar-j alqd; see Ex-
amine.
peevish, adj. stomachosus, morosus, difficilis,
iracundus; see' Ill-temper. Adv. stomuchose,
morose, iracunde; see Sensitive, Irritable.
peevishness, n. stomuchus, morositas, difficul-
tas, ira, iracundiu.
peg, I. n. paxillus (small, for driving into
the ground), cultellus ligneus. II. v.tr. see
Fasten.
pelf, n. lucrum.
pelisse, n. pallium or pallium ex pelcibus
factum.
pell-mell, adv. jiroww'scKe ( = promlscu-
ously), con/use, pennixte (= without order), pas-
sim (= in all directions) ; lying there — .promis-
cuus, confusus, permixtus ; we may also form
compounds with per or cum (e.g. to mix — ,
miscere, permiscere, commiscere), to mix — every-
thing, miscere omnia ac iurbare.
pellucid, adj. \pellucidus; see Trans-
parent.
pelt, v.tr. lapides in alqm jaccre, con(j)icere,
alqm lajddibus petere. pelting, ad j. (of rain)
muximus, or less strongly iiuignus imber.
pen, I. n. 1, * penna (scriptoria) (not in use
till the 7th century), calamus, stilus (of metal) ;
to dip a — in ink, calamum inlingere (Quint.) ;
2, = fold, saeptum (sep-). II. v.tr. 1, scribere ;
sec Write ; 2, = to fold, sueptis (scp-) includcre.
pen-knife, n, see Knife, penman, n.
qui scribit. penmanship, i>. ars bene scri-
btndi.
penal, adj. — law, lex poetudis (Jet.).
ponalty, n, poena, damnum, multa (mulcta)
(the two latter = the — inflicted upon any-
one, damnum as a punishment inflicted, multa '
= both the loss the person suffers, and tho
indemnification for the person aggrieved); to
inflict a — , alqm alqd re multarc. penance,
n. satisfactio ( = penalty for injuries done,
Eccl. term = penance), multa (mulcta) (— penal-
ty), poena (in gen. ss penalty paid by anyone),
piaculum (= atonement) ; to order anyone to
do — , piaculum ab alqo exigcre. penitence,
n. paenitentia- (in gen.) ; see Repentance.
penitent, adj. paenitens (= repenting); Alex-
ander was so — after he had murdered Clitus,
that he was about to kill himself, interempto
Cllto Alexander manus vix a se abstinuit, tantcc
vis erat paenitendi. penitential, adj. (quod)
pacnitentiam declarat. penitentiary, n.
career, -eris, in. (= prison), defining further
sense by context.
pence, n., see Penny.
pencil, n. 1, of painter, pen icillus (or -urn);
see Painter ; 2, for writing, stilus (see Pen).
pendant, n. stalagmium (Plaut.), inaures,
-ium, f. (= car-ring).
pending, I. adj. 1, in law, res delata est
aajudicem ; the matter is still — , adhuc sub
judice Us est ; 2, in commerce, nondum exjteditus
or confectus. II, prep, per with accus. ( =
during), nondum with part. (e.g. — tho decision
of the court, lis nondum judicata), dum, donee
( = until, e.g. — his return, dum redeat).
pendulous, adj. pendulus.
pendulum, n., perhaps perpendiculum (not
class.).
penetrability, n., by penetrable, adj.
penttrabilis, pcrvius (where there is a road
through, opp. inviiu). penetrate, I. v.tr.
penetrare, permanare in with accus., perradere
per or simply with accus. (to — all parts of the
body ; poison — s every limb of the body, venp
peii
808
peo
num. cunctos artus pervadit or in omnes partes
permanat); the draught — s the veins, potio
venas occupat ; to — the mind, penetrare in ani-
mos (of a speaker's address, etc.) ; — d (with
grief, joy, etc.), commotus, ictus, percussus, perfu-
sus. II. v.intr. (with an effort) penetrare, through
a place, per alqm locvin,to a place, ad alqm locum
or in alqm locum; pervadcre alqm locum or per
alqm locum (= to go through a place, both of per-
sons and things),«xa«rfiri(=tobehcard),nrf aures
pervadcre (of the echo, e.g. clamor urban perva-
dit), translucere(ot the light), imperceptibly, per-
Jerri in alqm locum( = to spread as far as) ; with
force, irruere, irrumpere in alqm locum (the latter
two of a large number ; all three of persons and
things), descendcre in or ad alqd (= to descend
down to — , of persons and things) ; the cry — s
into their ears, clamorem exaudiunt ; tho cry — s
into the camp, clamor in castra perfertur ; to —
into the future, futuri temporis gnarumesse; to
— into a country, progredi, procedure, prorum-
pere (the latter = to rush forth with violence) ;
se. insinuare (by stealth, e.g. into the affections,
etc., also lit.), penetrating, adj. 1, of cold,
etc., penetralis, penetrabilis, acutus, accr, maxi-
mus, gravis ; 2, fig. sagax, acutus, astutus, calli-
dus, sol{l)ers, perspicax ; see Sagacious, Acute.
penetration, n. acies, acumen (e.g. ingenii),
sagacitas, sol(l)ertia, perspicacitas. penetra-
tive, adj. gravis, vehemens (of a sermon, etc.);
see Impressive, penotrativeness, u., the
— of judicial pleadings uculei oratorii acforenses
(Cic).
peninsula, n. peninsula, peninsular,
adj., by circuml. with peninsula.
penny, n. as, nummus (sestertius) ; not a
— (I give, etc.), ne mummum quidem; to the
last — (or fur, liiiig), ad nummum (i.e. to agree,
conrenire); to i.uy to tho last — , ad assem
solvere.
pension, I fl. annuum ( = yearly pay-
ment, Plin. M'i., Suet., more usual in pi.).
II. v.tr. annua, etc., aid praebcre. pen-
sioner, n. cu , annua praebentur.
pensive, adj. in cogitatione (or cogitationi-
bus) dejixus, subtristis {— somewhat sad, ante and
post class.) ; see Thoughtful. Adv. use adj.
pensiver.eSa, n. cogilatio ( = thought), tristi-
tia { = sadness).
pentagon, n. penlagon(i)um (or pentago-
nion, late), pentagonal, adj. quinqnangu-
Ins (Gram.).
pentameter, n. (versus) pentameter (Quint.).
pentateuch, n. pentatewhus (Eccl.).
Pentecost, n. dies penlacostes, pentneoste
(Eccl.).
penthouse, n. tugurium parieti affixum,
as luilit. term, vinea.
penuK -.a, n. by pemdtimvs(opp. ultimus,
Aul. Gell. ; penultima, sc. syllaba).
penurious, adj. parens, sordidus, avans,
tenux; see Nigcardly. Adv. sordide, avare,
parce, parce ac tenuitcr. penuriousness, n.
sordes, -is, f. (usu. in pf), tcnacitas, tenuitas
victus (in one's mode of living) ; see Niggardli-
ness, Meanness, Parsimony-, penury, n.
inopia, egestas (victus or rerum necessariarum
penuria); see Poverty.
peony, n. paconia (Plin.).
people, I. n. as a large number in gen., vis
(sscrowd, of men and animals), copiae (=troops,
soldiers), vulgus, -i, n. (= the great, mass of 1he
— , in opp. to those of a higher position, e.g. the
soldiers in opp. to the commissioned oflicers),
pkbs, -is, f . ( = the common — ) ; the — , homines
(= men mgm.),homunculi,homunciones(ina.con-
temptuous sense) ; the young — , adolcscentuli ;
the — of Greece, Graeci ; the towns — , oppidani
( = the inhabitants of the town), ci ves (= citizens);
the — in the village, vicani ; the — in the
country, rustici, jxigani (— peasants) ; before the
— , palam (= not in secret), coram omnibus (=in
the presence of all), in oculis or ante oados omnU
mn; very often in Latin the gen. term homines is
left out with adjs., e.g. many — , multi ; all tho
— , onmes ; good — , boni ; when qui follows, e.g.
there are — who say, sunt qui dicant; there nrs
— who believe, sunt qui cxistiment ; when we
make a wide and general statement, when " — "
= "one," e.g. — say, dicunt ; — report, nar-
rant ; the — , = thoso who belong to anyone,
anyone's household, or servants or relations,
etc. , alcjs familia ( = anyone's servants, etc., all
together, Caes.), alcjs famidi, ministri( = ser-
vants), alcjs comitas, qui alqm comitantur (= those
who accompany anyone, attendants), alcjs milites
(=soldiers) ; my, your, etc., — ,mei, tui ; plcbecula
(contemptuous), in the name of the — , publice ;
a man of the lower orders, of the — , homo
plebeius (according to his descent), homo de plebe
(according to his rank); the language of the
common — , sermo ]>lebcius ; a number of —
forming one body as it were, gens, natio (e.g.
exterae nationes et gentcs, Cic.) ; populus (forming
a State, all the free-born citizeus together who
are united through the same form of govern-
ment, e.g. Scipio Hergetum gentem cum infesto
exercitu invasisset, compulsis omnibus, Athana-
giam urbem, quae caput ejus popxdi erat, circum-
sedit, Liv. ; where gentem = a — of the same
origin or race, but which as a State, populus,
had a capital; one gens may comprise several
populos), in the pi. also comb, jtopuli nationesque ;
when we speak of one particular — or nation,
we may also render — in Latin by nomen(-= name,
i.e. anything, everybody who has or goes by
that name, e.g. Hannibal the mortal enemy of
the Roman — , Hannibal inimicissimus nomini
liomano, Nepos), also comb, gens ac nomen (e.g.
Nerviorum, Caes.) ; belonging to our — , nation,
nostras; see Nation ; a riot caused by the — ,
tumultus, -its; a decree of the whole — , populi
scitum, plebiscitum (decreed by the great mass of
the — [in opp. to a decree of the senate], and
which had been adopted by majority, after it
had been proposed by the presiding magistrate),
populi jussum (inasmuch as the — collec-
tively had the right of commanding the senate
to confirm a decree adopted by them, after
which every citizen was obliged to obey the
same), comb, populi scitum jussum que ; the
power of the — , populi or popularis potestas (see
Power). II. v.tr. 1, coloniam or colonos dedu-
ccre or mittire alqo ( = to send out a colony), or
locum incolis frequentare (in sense of tilling a
place with inhabitants) ; 2, fig. complrre (= to
fill); 3, = Inhabit; see Populate, peopled,
adj. see Populous, populace, n. plebs (—
commons), mdgus.-i, n. (= mob) ; dregs of the
— , populi faex or sentina. popular, adj. 1,
= belonging to the people, popularis ; the —
party, populares: 2, = a general favourite, popu-
laris (rare), populo or in vulgus gratus or uccep-
tus ; to be — , gratia multum apud alqm valere,
or gratid plurimum jjosse ; to become — , gratiam
ab alqo or in or apud alqm inire ; 3, = suited to
the common understanding, of style, etc., ad
commune judicium accommodatus. Adv. popula-
ritcr. popularity, n. gratia {— influence),
populi Juvor or studium; breath of — , t aura
jwpula.ris; to gain — , gratiam ab alqo, ad or
apud alqm inire. populate, v.tr. frequentare
(iiirolis) ; to — a place with settlers, colonial
or colonos deduci're, mitten alqo (tlje fonper if ll|n
pep
809
per
person himself lead a oolony anywhere); see
People II. population, n. 1, colnnorum
deduitio in locu in (when a colony is established
anywhere); 2, vvultitudo (= multitude), frequeu-
tin .= large multitude), ciuium or incolwrum im-
'merus ( = number of resident inhabitants), dies
(— citizens), incolac(— inhabitants); seePEOPLE ;
the town has a sufficient — , urbi frequent ia
suppetit. populous, adj. frequens (opp.
desert us), celeber (of a place through which there
is a heavy traffic, much visited, e.g. a street, etc.,
opp. descrtus). populousness, n. celebritas
hominurn or civiumfrequentia (where there is a
large attendance).
pepper, I. n. piper, -eris, n. cruet, —
box, pyxis piperis. II. v.tr. pipere condire.
per, a Latin prep., which, as a prefix in
English, means 1, = Thorough, Thoroughly,
which see; 2, = by ; per annum, a year, see
Annual ; — week ; see Weekly.
peradventure, adv. forte, fortasse, forsitan ;
see Perhaps.
perambulate, v.tr. transire, iter facere per
alqm, locum ( = to travel through, peragrare
( = to wander through, in gen.), obire ( =
through a country, etc., in order to see it,
on foot, pedibus), (per)lustrare (in order to
look about), percurrere (quickly, also percurrere
celeriter), pervolare (in a hurry), circumire (all
round), pervagari (in a place), perambula-
tion, n. lustratio, perugraiio, transit us, -«s( =
passage through, etc.).
perceivable, adj. quod sentiri or sensibus
vercipi potest, sensibilis( = what can be felt, the
latter first in Vitruv.). perceive, v.tr. sentire,
se>isibus percipere (with the senses, in gen.),
aiiribus percipere, audire (with the ears), oculis
percipere, videre (= to see), cernere (= to see
more distinctly) ; to — the course of the stars,
cursus stellarumnotare ; fig. with the understand-
ing, animadvertere ( = to direct one's thoughts
to a certain thing ; with the part, when I — a
thing in a particular state ; with the aceus. and
infin. when I — through what I have heard, etc.),
cognoscere{= to lean), to know ; to obtain a clear
perception of anything), seutire(= to feel, to see,
alqd or de alqd re), videre (= to see, to under-
stand); to — clearly, perspicere, conspicere (=
to behold), observare ( = to observe), intelle-
gere (intellig-) (= to comprehend), percep-
tibility, n. by perceptible, adj. insignis,
conspicuous (= conspicuous), manifest us (= mani-
fest); see Clear. Adv. manifeste; see Clearly.
perception,!), gen. by verbs, by percipere ;
6ee Sensation, Notion, Idea, perceptive,
adj. by verbs.
perch, I. n. 1, a measure of length = 5£
yards ; pertica (very late); 2, for hens, pertica
(gallinaria). II. v.intr. aki rei insidere ( =
to settle on), alci rei insidere (— to r_emain on).
perch, n. — a fish, perca (Plin.).
perchance, adv. see Peradventure.
percolate, I. v.tr. see Strain. II. v.iutr.
permauure. percolation, n. percolatio, or by
verb.
percussion, n. ictus, --us (= blow), pulsus,
-lis (= push) ; see Shock.
perdition, u. exitiwn, interitus, -iis, per-
il icies.
peremptory, adj. 1, confidens, arrogans;
to give — orders, definite praecipere or diligenter
mandare alqd, or in a stronger sense, arroganter
praecipere ; 2, a — judgment, judicium, plenum,
arrogantiae ; to judge in a — manner, arrogan-
tius judicare. Adv. confidenter, arroganter;
eee Absolute, Positive, Decisive.
26*
perennial, adj. perennis. Adv. by adj. or
perpetuo ; see Always.
perfect, I. adj. plcnus (in gen. of anything
that is neither deficient as regards the contents,
nor in number or size), integer ( = not mutilated,
complete), absolutus, perfectus, comb, absolutus
et perfectus, perfectus utque absolutus, expletus et
perfectus, perfectus cunndatusque, perfectus com-
pletusque ( as having the highest perfection, com.
pleted), verus, germanus ( = real, genuine) ; to
make anything — , alqd absolvere (so that no.
thing can be said to be wanting, e.g. beneficium,
kindness), cumulare alqd ( = to crown, fig., e.g.
the pleasure, gaudium). Adv. plene, absolute,
perfecte, or by superl. in sense of "quite"
(e.g. — right, rectissime. II. v.tr. excolere (— to
develop further, e.g. the art of oratory, onatio-
nem), conficere, perficere; to — anyone in know-
ledge, augere alqm scientid. III. n. Gram. t.t.
praeteritum perfectum (Quint.), perfection,
n. integritas ( = completeness), absolutio, per-
feclio, absolutio perfectioque ( = highest degree of
— ; — of virtue, virtus, -utis, perfecta cumu-
lataque; to bring anything to — , alqd absolvere
or perficere.
perfidious, adj. perfidus, perfidiosus ( =
faithless, opp.: fidelis), infidus (= not trust-
worthy, opp. fidus). Adv. perfide, perfidiose ;
see Treacherous, perfidy, n. perfidia ( =
faithlessness, with which anyone breaks a
solemn promise), infidelitas ( = want of faith) ;
to show — , perfide or fraudulenter agere.
perforate, v.tr. = to bore through, tere-
brare (with a borer, and also otherwise, e.g. an
apple with the finger), perterebrare (with the
borer), perforare ( = to make holes in, in gen.).
perforce, adv. vi, per vim, necessario, or by
invitus or compulsus, coactus.
perform, v.tr. (per)agere (= to do, e.g. busi-
ness, negotium), gerere[ = to be the support of
anything, as it were, e.g. negotium), obire (= ty
undergo), alqd praestare (— to discharge, e.g. oJJU
cium), (per)fungi alqd re ( = to discharge, to dis-
charge with zeal), administrare (^ to adminis-
ter), exsegu£(= to carry out; all these, negotium,
mumis), conficere (= to accomplish, e.g. negoti-
um); to — one's'auties, res suas obire, ofiicia sua
exsequi; to — a business for anyone (at anyone's
request), negotium alcjs procurare; to — a part,
partes agere, in scaend (seen-) esse (on the stage) ;
to — tho part of an accuser, partes accusatoris
obtlnere ; to — sacred rites, sacra facere ; see
Do, Execute, Accomplish, Discharge, Fulfil,
performance, n. = the act of — , actio, a<J->
rniii istratio (=the administering), confectia (=thq
accomplishing), perfunctio ; — of a business fop
another (at his request), procunilio ; r? tho
thing itself which is performed, actio, negotium
( = business), officium( = duty), ministeriwn ( =
service); a — on the stage, fabula ( = the piece
played), with agi (e.g. during the — , dum fabula
agitur); togivea — ,fabulamdare. performer,
n. 1, in gen. actor, auclor, confector, or by Per^.
form ; 2, arlismusicae peritus, or, in gen. alcjs rei
artifex (e.g. canendi), alcjs rei )vrilissimus (e.g.
cantandi), acrodma, -litis, n. (lit. = a conceit,
then also the person who gives it, singer, mini
strel, player).
perfume, I. n. odor (odos), unguentum( —
ointment). II. v.tr. oiloribus perfundere (with
sweet smells) ; t sujfire (by burning — ). per-
fumer, n. 1, who perfumes, by verbs; 2, qui
merces odorum venditat, myropola,-ae, m, (Plaut.),
unguentarius.
perfunctory, adj. neglegens (ntglig-); see
Negligent.
perhaps, adv. fortasse, forsitan, \forsan
per
810
per
(fortasse also with numbers ; the latter gener-
ally with suhj. ; fortassis is very little used, and
forsan is poetical ; we cannot say forte for fortasse
in gen., as forte can in gen. only be used after si,
nisi, ne [not after nam], in which case we could
not say fortasse), hand scio an, nescio an (= I
don't know whether, etc.). to express a modest
assertion, with which we must use nullus, nemo,
numquum (nunq-), whilst according to the
English " — someone, etc., or. I don't know
whether anyone, etc.," we might be led to say,
villus, quisquam, umquam ; whether — some-
one, somebody, after the verbs " to ask (quae-
rere) " and " to search, explore (percontari)," by
ecqu is (or ecqui), ecquae (oxecqua), ecquid; youask
whether — there be any hope? quacris eequa spes
sit ? — someone, — anyone, forsitan quispiam,
alqs forte ; — may also be rendered by aliquando
(some time, or quando after si or ne), circiter,
fere, or ferine (in approximate estimations as
regards time and numbers ; see Almost) ; fere
and feme also in gen. when we speak in an un-
certain manner, e.g. he spoke — in this way, in
lianc fere sententiam locutus est ; unless — , nisi
forte, nisi si ; if — , si forte ; — because, etc. ?
an quod, etc. ? — not, etc. ? (at the beginning
of a principal sentence, in a direct question,
which serves as an answer at the same time),
an.
pericardium, n. * pericardium (not class.).
peril, n. see Danger, Risk, perilous, adj.
see Dangerous.
period, n. 1, in astronomy, amhitus, -us,
circnihts, -its; 2,= a portion of time, tempus
(= time, space of time in gen.), or tempara, tern-
pestas ( = a time with regard to certain signs,
circumstances, epoch), uetas(— age), spatium tem-
poris ( = space of time) ; no — of my life, nullum
aetatis meae tempvs ; 3, in chronology; see
Time, Epoch ; 4, in gram, pc-riodus (Quint.),
in Cic. only in Greek, wept'oSos, rendered by
him by (verhorum) ambitus, or (verhorum or
orationis) circuitus, or (vevborum) comprehen-
sio or cirenmscriptio or continuatio, or ver-
borum or orationis orbis, or circuitus et quasi
orbis verhorum ; a well-flowing and rounded — ,
apta et quasi rotunda construciio ; structure of
the — , (verhorum) compositio (Quint.), peri-
odical, adj. what returns at stated intervals,
sollemnis (sol(l)enn-), e.g. — diseases, morbi
tempore certo or stato recurrentes ; — writings,
papers, periodicals, ephemerides, -km; see Jour-
nal ; — winds, venti qui magnam partem temporis
in certis locis flare consurverunf. Adv. certis
temporibus.
peripatetic, adj. peripateticus ; the — s,
Peripatetici.
periphery, n. perimctros (Vitr.).
periphrasis, n. see Paraphrase.
perish, v.intr. perire (e.g. by illness, morho),
interire (stronger than perire, = complete anni-
hilation), cadere( = to fall, principally in battle),
occidere (=■ to die in the presence of others, e.g. in
battle), occidi, interfici, necari(=to be killed; see
Kill) ; to — in the war, hello cadere, in bello
occidere; absumi alqd re (= to be swept away
through, etc., e.g. fame, veneno ; through illness,
through pestilence, morbo, pestilentici) ; more —
from hunger than by the sword, plures fames
quam ferrum absumpHt. perishable, adj.
quod corrvmpi potest, flurus (= inconstant, e.g.
gloria), fragilis ( = frail), comb, fluxus et (or at-
que) fragilis, caducus, infirmxis (= weak), comb.
caducus et infirmus, brevis( = short, e.g. ovinia
quae habent speciem gloriae contemne, brevia, /»-
gacia, caduca existima, Cic). perishable-
ness, n. fragilitas, brcritas ( = shortness, e.g.
of life), injirmitas ( = weakness).
peristyle, n. peristijl(i)um.
periwinkle, n. a plant, vinca j'ervinca (or
as one word, vincapervinca, Plin.).
perjure, v.tr. falsvm jnrarc (in gen.), peje-
rare or perjurare, perjuriumfaclre. perjured,
adj. pcrjurus. perjury, u. falsvm jusjuran-
dum (in gen.), perjurium.
perky, adj. prater vus ; see Saucy.
permanency, n. pcrpeluitas ( = without in-
terruption), perennitas, diuturniias, longinquitos
(— for a length of time), stabilitas. perma-
nent, adj. by permancre, or by perpetuus, peren-
nis, diiUurnus, longinquus, stabilis ; see Con-
stant. Adv. perpctuo.
permeability, n., permeable, adj.
t jxnetrabilis ; see Penetrate.
permissible, adj. licitus ( = allowed), con-
cessus ( = granted) ; to be — , licitum esse,
livcre. permission, n. concessio ( = conces-
sion), permissio (very rare ; the substs. concensus
and permissus only in the ablat. sing.) ; potestas,
copia(— power given anyone) ; arbitrivm. (= free
will to do a thing), Uccntia{= entire liberty to do
what one likes); to give anyone — , veniam,
potestatem, licentiam alci dare, for or to, alcjs rei
faciendae, potestatem alci facere, eoncedere, licen-
tiam alci eoncedere, licentiam edei permittere.
ut, etc., alci alqd pcrmittcre, eoncedere (see
Permit) ; to give children — to play, pueris
ludendi licentiam dare; to have the — , mihi
licet, permissum, concessum est ; with your — ,
permissu et concessit tuo, si per te licitum erit,
pace tud ; without anyone's — (to do a thing,
etc.), injttssit alcjs ; contrary to my — , me invito.
permissive, adj. by verbs, permit, v.tr.
sinere (with infin.), eoncedere alqd alci or ut ( = to
concede, generally after a request has been
made, opp. repugnare), permittere (dat. or ut, = to
allow anything to be done, opp. vitare), faculta-
tern dare or potestatem facere alcjs rei, alcjs rei
veniam dare or dare lianc veniam ut (= to show
indulgence in anything) ; see Allow.
permutation, n. (pcr)mutatio.
pernicious, adj. pcrniciosus{— ruinous), exi-
liosus ( = leading to a tragical end, e.g. conspi-
racy), exitUMs, exitiabilis(of such a kind as to be
likely to lead to a tragical end, e.g. wax), fanes-
*ks(= bringing grief over a great many, e.g. tri-
buneship), damnosus, to anyone, alci (= causing
injury, e.g. helium). Adv. perniciose, exitiose,
funeste. perniciousness, n. vis nocendi, also
by circumloc. with nocere ; who does not see thu
— of this thing f gin's non intellegit hanc rem
nocere ?
peroration, n. peroratio, cpilogus, conclusio.
perpendicular, adj. ' directus (ad perpen-
diculum).
perpetrate, v.tr. alqd committere or in so
admittere ; see Commit, perpetration, n. by
verb, perpetrator, n. of a crime, auclur
facinoris or delicti, in the context avctor ; by
circumloc. qui, quae facinus or flagitium or sccius
commisit ; qui, quae facinus in se admisit.
perpetual, adj. perpetuus ; see Continual.
Adv. perpetuo; seeALWAvs. perpetuate, v.tr.
alqd perpetuum redden, cqntinuure (=to carry
on beyond the usual time), perpetuation,
n. by verb, perpetuity, n. perjietuitas ; see
Duration, Eternity.
perplex, v.tr. 1, of matters; see Confuse ;
2, of persons, afcjs mentem animumque pertur-
bare, percutere, distrahere, sol(l)icitare, in per-
lurbat ionem. con(J)icere ; with talking, o? - o(iori»
per
811
per
diferre. perplexing, adj. difficilis, perj&uw,
impeditus, ancepg, ductus, perplexity, u.
sol(l)icitudo ( = anxiety), dub i tat to ( = doubt) ;
see Douut.
pecunta extraordinaria, or in tlie plur. pecuniae
extraordinariae (of a public functionary, Cic),
peculium (= the private property of a child
cr slave).
perry, n. vinum expiris factum.
persecute, v.tr. insectari ( = to pursue with
hostile intentions), insequi ( = to pursue close at
one's heels), vexare ( = to vex, to tease unceas-
ingly); violently, vehementius premere or rexare
ulqm ; to — with insults, alqm verbis contumeliosis
prosequi, alqm maledictis or contumeli is insectari,
alqmprobris et maledictis vexare. persecution,
n. insectalio ( — pressure), vexatio( = vexation).
persecutor, n. vexator ( = who teases), in-
sectator.
perseverance, n. pcrsevcrantia ( = not
shrinking from any difficulty, however great),
permansio (in- sententid), constanlia ( = con-
sistency, constancy), assiduitas (= assiduity),
pertinacia ( = pertinacity, in defending an
opinion), pervieaeia ( = utmost — in trying to
accomplish a thing or to guin a victory),
obstiuatio, obstinatior voluntas, obstinatus ani-
mus ( = firm, obstinate in a resolution once
formed ; in a bad sense = obstinacy), pati-
entia ( = patience ; e.g. in one's work, laho-
ris), virtus, -litis ( = in undergoing trouble in
gen.), persevere, v.intr. perseverare (proper
term), constare (with and without sibi, — to be
always the same), perstare, consist? re, persistere
(= to insist upon), (perVnanero (=to remain
firm in ; all these generally in alqd re), pergere.
persevering, adj. perseverans, constans, as-
siduus (= who does not lose his hold, e.g. an
enemy, an accuser), tcnax edejs rei (= clinging
fast to anything), pertinax, pervicax, obstinatus.
Adv. with pers., perseveranter, constanter, fir-
miter, offirmato animo, pertinaciter, pervicaeius,
obstinate, obstinato animo.
persist, v.intr. see Persevere, persist-
ence, n. see Perseverance.
person, n. 1, in widest sense, homo; in mere
enumeration, or contemptuously, ca\mt; persona
(lit., = the mask of the dramatic actor, then rig.,
= the part which he acts ; persona never = the
individual) ; by the name of a — we understand
that by which we denote his individuality, so
that every — may have a peculiar nomination of
his own, — nomen est, quod iinicuique personae
apponitur, quo suo quaeque proprio vocabulo ap-
pelletur (Cic.) ; in his, etc., own — , ipse (-— lie
himself), praesens, coram ( = lie himself being
present, oral) ; e.g. he came in his own — , ipse
venit; to be there in his own — , praesentem or
coram adesse ; — s of higher rank, homines nobiles ;
a handsome — ( = woman), mulierformosa; 2, =
body, corpus, -oris, n,j species (= exterior in gen.),
forma, fades; 3, = a — represented on the
stage, persona (lit. = mask), partes, -ium (=
part); to appear in the — of, alcjs personam
ferre. or sustinere or tueri (not agere), alcjs
partes agere, obtinere (all lit. and fig.); 4, =
— in grain., persona (e.g. tertia. Quint.), per-
sonage, n. 1, = Person ; 2, = great man,
homo nobilis. personal, adj. , personally,
adv. personalis, personaliter (Imperial Rome,
t.t.) ; a — verb, verbum personate (Gram.) ; in
other instances than these we must render
it by ipse, per sc (= himself), or by praesens,
coram ( = present, in his own person, opp. per
lit(t)eras (= by letter, and such like), or by pro-
prius (= not in common with others, opp. com-
munis), or by privatus (= referring to one as a
private individual, opp. publictts), or by other
terms, e.g. he appeared — , ipse aderal ; I ha.ea
— interview with anyone, ipse or praesens cum
alqo colloquor ; Caisar made a speech as his own
— dignity and the respect of his ancestors
required, orationem habuit Caesar, sicut iptivt
dignilas et majorum ejus amplitudo postulabal ;
to know anyone — , alqm ipsttm nosse, alqm de.
facie nosse; not to know anyone — , alqm non
nosse, alqm or alcjs faciem iynorare ; not to mind
— offences, omittire privatas ojfensiones ; in the
sense of rude, see Rude and Personality, 2 ;
— occupations, studia privata (opp. opera pub-
lica). personality, n. 1, if = " existence us
a person," er "the person itself," it must bo
rendered by circumloc. (e.g. in our days people
deny the — of the devil, recentiores diabolum
esse negant; he always mixes his own — up with
it, se. ipse semper jrraedicat); 2, = direct offensive
application to a person, perhaps contumeliae,
privatae offensiones (— personal offences, In-
sults), mahdicta, -orum. personalty, n. (bona)
sun. personate, v.tr. alcjs partes agere,
or personam gerire, tueri or sust uteri; see REPRE-
SENT, CnrSTERFEIT, FEION, RESEMBLE. per-
sonincation, n. prosopopoeia (Quint.), pure
Lab conformatio, or persoiiarumficlio or confictio,
or ficla alienarum jwsonarum oralio. per-
sonify, v.tr. a thing, 1, in a writing, as acting
or speaking, rem tanquam loquentem inducire,
alci rei orationem (at)tribuere ; 2, to represent as
a human being, alqil humanCi specie indutre, alqd
alci rei tanquam vitam (at)tribuere.
perspective, n. (— the science) scaenogra~
phia(= theatrical drawing, Vitr.); pleasing — , ea
ars pictoris qua efficit id quuedam eminere in open,
quaedam recessisse credamus (Quint.).
perspicacious, adj. lit pcrspicax ( = who
can see everything at one glance), sagax ( s= sa-
gacious), acutus ( = sharp), comb, acutus ct per-
spicax, acer ( = keen), perspicacity, n.
(with regard to the understanding) perspicuatqSj
acies or acumen ingenii, ingenium acrcor acutum.
perspicuity, n. by adj. perspicuous,
adj. (dijlucidus, luculentus, clarus, evidens,
illustris, perspicuus, uperlus, distinctus, planus ;
see Clear, Intelligible. Adv. (di)lucide, dure,
evidenter, luadenter, perspicue, uperte, distincte,
plune.
perspiration, n. sudor; to be in a — ,
sudare, sudorem cmittere ; to be in a great- — ,
mvlto sudore manare, sudore madere (in gen:,
Plin.). perspire, v.intr. sudare (also fig. =
to work hard), sudorem emittcre (lit.) ; I — ,
sudor mihi erumpit; to — a great deal, viultum
sudare (with fear), mullo sudore manure, sudore
madere (= to drop with perspiration).
persuade, v.tr. = to convince by argu-
ment, pcrsuaderc alci de alqd re, or with accus.
and infill, (the accus. alone can only be used
with persuadere when it is a pronoun in the
neuter gender, such as hoc, illud, nihil) ; he
can easily be — d, facile adducitur ad credendum ;
= to influence by entreaty, etc., commodis ver-
bis dclenire, ut, etc. ( = to talk over), permovere
(with vt when we want to state the intention ;
with the infln. alone or with the accus. and infln.
when this is not the case ; with the accus. alone
simply, when it is a neat, pronoun) ; alqm impel-
lere (= to urge) or adducere (= to bring) or indu-
cere ( = to induce) ad alqd or with ut, alci auc-
torem esse alcjs rei or with lit ( = to cause anyone
to) ; they — d me to it, persuadetur mihi (not
persuadeor) ; to allow oneself to be — d, pet-
suaderi sibi pati; to — anyone to believe a
thing, fidem alcjs rei facere alci, alqm addudre
ad opinionem ; to be easily — d to believe- a.
thing, facile induci ad credendum; I am rtpt
per
812
phi
easily — d to believe, non adduci possum, ut
eredom ; see Convince, persuasion, n. per-
snasia ; — was not difficult, lion difiicilis per-
suaxio fuil ; gift of — , virtus ad persvadendnm
nccommodata, vis persuadeudi ; see Conviction,
Uki.if.f. persuasive, adj., persuasive-
ness, n., by circumloc. with the verb (e.g. a —
speech, oratio ad persuadendum accomnwdo.ta).
pert, adj. protervits, procax. Adv. proterve,
procaciter. pertness, n. protervitas, proca-
citas.
pertain, v.intr. = to belong or relate to,
pertinire ad alqd, spectare ad alqd, referrl, alcjs
juris esse ( = to be his of right) ; with the genit.
nidlhis est artis, it — s to no art ; proprium esse;
what — s to this, quod periinet or attinct ad hoc,
or refertur, or referendum, est.
pertinacious, adj. obstinatus, pervicax, per-
tinax. Adv. obstinate, pertinaciter ; to act —
in anything, obstinato unimo ayire alqd. per-
tlnaeity, n. animi obstinatio, in a thing,
akjs rei ( = obstinacy, contumacy), pervicacia,
animus pervicax ( = great perseverance), pertina-
cia (in holding an opinion or entertaining a
plan), contumacia ( = contumacy).
perturbation, n. see Agitation, Disturb-
ance.
perusal, n. lectio, perkctio (pell-), peruse,
V.tr. perlegere, evolvere, pervolvire, pervuhitare.
pervade, v.tr. 1, lit. permanare, ulqa re
perfuwii; 2, fig. permanare, perfundere ; to —
the mind, ad animvm descendere, in animum
penelrare.
perverse.adj. perversus (lit. = divertcd ; fig.,
not as it ought to be), pravus (fig. = contrary to
the object intended, e.g. meaning, mens, opinio).
Adv., fig. perverse, perperam (— not right, opp.
recte) ; see Obstinate, Stubborn, perverso-
ness, n. perversitas (e.g. hominnm, opiniomtm,
morum). perversion, n. corrupiio(- spoiling),
depravatio ; — of meaning, verbi depravatio,
verbum in pejus detortum (Sen.), pervert, I.
v.tr. 1, in gen. depravare, corrurnpere ; 2, as
Theol. t.t., perhaps a ftde Christiand abducere.
II. n. perhaps qui a fide Christiand abductus est.
pervious, adj. pervius (of places, etc.),
j penetrabilis ; to the air, ai'ri expositus.
pest, n. 1, lit, see Pestilbnce; 2, fig., of
anything or person very obnoxious, pestis,
pernicies, comb, pestis ac pernicies ; —house,
aedificinm ad pestilentiae contagia prohibenda
rxstructnm. pester, v.tr. see Trouble, Dis-
turb, Annoy.
pestilence, n. lit. pestilentia (as an epi-
demic disease), lues, -is (as obnoxious matter
likely to spread disease), morbus pernicialis(—
dangerous illness ; also fig.), pestilential,
Bdj. pest Hens (lit., opp. salnber), focdns (fig.=
abominable, horrible, e.g. smell, opp. suavis).
pestle, n. pilum, pistillum (Plin.).
pet, I. n. deliciae,amores, -urn; see Favourite.
Ill v.tr. fovere, in deliciis habere.
petard, n. in phrase, he is hoist with his
own — , perhaps in suos laqncos ipse incidit.
petition, I. n. 1, in gen. see Prayer, Re-
quest ; 2, a formal — ,petitio(= petitioning for,
alrjs rei), quae alqs petit, lit(t)erae (supplies) U-
bt.llus(supplcx) ; to sign a — (along with others),
libellum subscribcre; to grant a — , aid petenti
satisfacere, annuere ; to present a — containing
a request that, etc., libello oblato petere, ut, etc.
II. v.tr. petere alqd ab alqo, rogare alqd, anyone,
alqm or ab alqo (— to demand anything as a
favour), in an urgent manner, implorare et ex-
posure alqd, contendere ab alqo ut, flagitare or
tj/togitarealqmalqd (= to request, to urge); to —
anyone for A person or thing, ab alqo alqd
alci petere ; to — an authority (e.g. parliament),
petere alqd per lit(t)eras. petitioner, n.
qui libellum affert, qui libello jtetil oblato, qui
supplicat.
petrify, v.tr. 1, in lupidem (con)vertere, mu-
tate ; to be petrified, lapideseire (Plin., rare) ; 2,
tig. alqm obstupefacere ; to be petrified (with as-
tonishment, etc.), obstupesccre, attonitum esse.
petticoat, n. tunica interior, corporis vela-
rnentum interius (the Romans had no equi-
valent) ; — government, impcrium lixorivvi
or mulielrre. pettifogger, n. rabida, causidi-
cus rabiosus et ineptus. : ctifogging, adj. a
— attorney, cansiclicus (opp. to orator); in wider
sense, see Paltry, petty, adj., see Little,
Trifling-, Paltry.
petulance, n.. see Passion, Sauciness,
Impudence, petulant, adj., see Saucy - , Im-
pudent.
pew, n. sedes quae est in aede sacrd.
pewter, n. see Tin.
phaeton, n. see Carriage.
phantom, n. 1, somnium, opinionis com-
menta, -orum ; they are mere — s, et falsa et inania
sunt ; 2, see Ghost.
Pharisee, n. Pharisaevs (Eccl.) ; fig., see
Hypocrite. Pharisaical, adj., lit. by the
gen. Phurisaeorum (Eccl.) ; see Hypocritical.
pharmacy, n, (ors) medicamentaria (Plin.).
phase, n. status, -iis, condicio or ratio, or
by circumloc. (e.g. the thing has passed into a
new — , res mutata est, or nomfit).
pheasant, n. (avis) Phasiana (Plin.) ; Pha-
sianus (Fas-, Suet.).
phenomenon, n. in gen. ostentnm, prodi-
gium, portentum, miraculum (= any marvellous
sight seen, and relating to some future event) ;
in the sky, phaenomenou (very late, or as
Greek ^uiiojxevov), res mira or mirifica or nova
(= strange).
phial, n. see Pottle.
philanthropy, n. caritas generis humani,
human Has. philanthropist, n., philan
thropical, adj. hominibus or generi humanb
amicus, humanus. Adv. humane.
Philippic, n. 1, lit. (oratio) Philippica ; 2,
fig. oratio in alqm habita.
Philistine, n. 1, lit. Philistinus; 2, fig.
homo humanitatis expers.
■philologist, n. grammaticus, philologns.
philology, n. grammatira (or grammatiee),
philologia (= literary studies), philological,
adj. grammaticus.
philosopher, n. philosophus, fem. philo-
sopha; the true — , sapiens (i.e. a wise man);
theoretical — , qui in rerum conlemplatione
studia ponit ; practical—, qui de vita ac mori-
lus rebusque bonis et mails qiiaerit. philo-
sophy, n. philosophia. philosophical, adj.
by the genit. philosophiae, philosophorum ; —
wise, sapiens, pnidens; — writings, philosophiae
scriptae, libri qui sunt de philosophia; — pre-
cepts, philosojyhiae or philosophorum praecepta ;
that, is not a common, but a — term, quod non
est vulgi verbum, sed philosophorum. Adv. philo-
sophorum more, sapienter, prudenter. philo-
sophize, v.intr. philosophari (lit.), argumen-
lari, ratiocinari (— to argue), disputare (= to
expound).
philtre, n. philtrum, amatoris poculum, virus
amatorium, or amatorium alone (Plin.).
phlegm, n. 1, pituita (t.t.) ; 2, = dulness,
tarditas inyenii or animi, also merely iu the
phce
813
Pig
context tarditas, patientia (= indolence), in-
ertia (= inertness), lentitudo (= indifference).
phlegmatic, adj. tardus, patient, iners, lentus.
Adv. palienter, lente, or perhaps aequo animo.
phoenix, n. phoenix.
phonetic, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. sonum
verbi ipsum lit(t)eris exprimere).
phosphorus, n. phosphorus = the morning
star ; also as scientific t.t., but not, in this
sense, class, phosphorescent, adj., phos-
phorescence, 11. by lux in undis lucens or
fulgens.
photograph, n. use where possible pictura
or imago; perhaps where closer definition is
necessary imago alcjs per solis radios depicta.
phrase, n. locutio (Aul. Gell.); these are
mere — s, verba sunt, phraseology, n. locutio,
dicendi genus, -iris, n.
phthisis, n. phthisis (Cels.). phthisical,
adj. phthisicus (Plin.).
physic, I. n. see Medicine. II. v.ti. see
Purge, Cure, physical, adj. 1, = natural,
must generally be rendered by the genit. na-
turae (if we speak of nature), or corporis (if we
speak of the animal body) ; — complaints,
mala naturae, mala quae natu.ro, habet (in gen.),
vitia corporis (= bodily defects); — strength, vires
corporis ; to be of good — constitution, corporis
vedetudine uti boiux ; 2, referring to science,
physicus ; — science, physica or physicc, physio-
logia (the theory) ; see Physics. Adv. naturd,
physice. physician, n. see Doctor, phy-
sics, n. physica, -orum. physiognomist,
n. physiognomon, by qui se profitetur hoininum
mores naturasque ex cor pore, oculis, mdtu, fronte,
pernoscere (Cic). physiognomy, n. oris
liabitus, -us, lineamenta, -orum, n. (= features),
comb, habitus oris lincamentaque, os vultusque,
os et vultus (= countenance and features), fades
(= face).
physiology, h. naturae ratio, quam Graeci
4>vai.okoyCa.v appellant, or natura rerum quae
Graece tf>vvio\oyCa dieitur, or simply physiologia.
physiological, adj. ad naturae rationem per-
tineas. Adv. e rerum naturd.
piacular, adj. piacularis.
piano, n. use some known instrument, lyra,
cithara.
pick, I. v.tr. and intr. rostro tundere or
caedire alqd (of birds) ; to — a bone, by rodcre
alqd ; to — one's teeth, denies spina perfodere
(with a tooth— of wood, silver, etc., Pctron.) ; =
to gather, carpere ; see Pluck ; to — wool, laiiam
carpere or purgare ; to — one's pocket, see
Rob; to — a quarrel, see Quarrel; to — out,
see Select, Choose ; to — up, legcre, colli-
gere, tollere, see Gather, Raise. II. n. — axe,
doldbra; a — pocket, sector zonarius (Plaut.),
or by fur = thief, picked, adj. delect us (of
troops), eximius, pruestans, etc. ; see Excel-
lent, picking, n. see Choice ; in the pi. see
Remains.
pickle, I. n. salsura. II. v.tr. to — fish,
pisces murid condire.
picnic, n. and v.intr. symbola (<nvi/3oA>i, ante
class.) = a contribution to a common feast (e.g.
aliquot adolescentuli coimus in Piraco in hunc
diem ul de symbola essemus, = we went to a — ,
Ter.), or excurrire may be used (e.g. excurro in
Pompeianum, Cic.).
picquet, n. statio; to post — s, stationes
disponere.
pictorial, adj. and adv. tabulis ornatus or
(de)pictue, per tabulas.
picture, I. n. pictura, tabula (picta); =
likeness, imago (picta) ; word — , by circum-
loc. (e.g. ita rem verbis exprimit ul paene ob
oculos posita esse videatur). II. v.tr. to — in the
mind, alqd mente, animo or cogitatione fingere or
concipcre ; in words, depingere, expingire, ex-
prime re ; see Express, Paint, picture-
frame, n. forma in qud includitur pictura.
picture-gallery, n. pindcotheca. pictur-
esque, adj. graphicu,»(= very beautiful, as if it
had been painted, rare), amoenus (= delightful) ;
to be — , graphicam in. aspectu efficerc delecta-
tioncm (Vitr. = to present a most beautiful as-
pect) ; see Beautiful. Adv. graphice, amoene.
picturesqueness, n. see Beauty.
pie, n. see Pastry.
piebald, adj. t bicolor.
piece, I. n. 1, part of a whole, pars (= part in
gen.), fragmentum (poet, fragmen = a — broken
oft'),$egmen(= a — cut off), frustum (= a bit), trun-
cus(=si — cut off or struck off,e.g. a — of the same
stone, truncus ejusdem lapidis), crusta (=: a — of
marble cut off, for mosaic work) ; a — (bit) of
cloth, jxinnus ; a pretty large — of anything
(i.e. = a considerable quantity, a good deal),
aliquantum with genit (e.g. of land, agri); a
very large — (i.e. much), multum with genit ;
to tear into — s, dilacerare, dilaniare, discerpere;
see Tear ; to fall to — s, dilabi; 2, = a single
thing, which belongs to a whole species, iu
gen. res (thing in gen.) ; pars (= part, e.g. plura
de extremis loqui pars ignaviae est, Tac, a — of
cowardice) ; whenever we say a — of, the word
— is not expressed, e.g. a — of money, nummus
(a single coin), alqd numnwrum (an indefinite
sum of money) ; a — of land, ager, dim.
agellus ; a — of meat, caruncula; a — of wockI,
lignum; made out of one — , or into one — ,
solidus (= not interrupted, solid, massive [e.g.
ring]) ; a boat made out of one — of timber,
linter ex una arbore excavatus ; = an artificial
production, opus, -iris, n. (in genA tela (= a —
of woven cloth), pictura, tabula (=a picture),
fabula (=a theatrical — ), cantus, -us (=a — of
music), tormentum(= a field — ) ; in — s, --meal,
minutaiim(\it. in small — s, then also fig. = by de-
grees), membratim (lit. = limb by limb, then tig. =
one part after the other, e.g. to relate, enumerare,
i.e. to enumerate), carpt£m(= by detached parts,
fig. = partly), pedetentim (pedetemt-) (= one thing
after the other, step by step, gradually) ; also
by singuli (if = the single things) ; — work, by
circumloc. (e.g. to pay by — , ut res quaeque
confecta est, solvere). II. v.tr. consuere ; to — a
garment, by assuere alqd alci rei ; see Patch,
Mend.
pied, adj. maculosus.
pier, n. 1, pila (pontis); see Pillar; 2,
moles (-is), (opposita fluctibus) moles lapidum ( =
mole).
pierce, v.tr. 1, see Thrust, Drive; 2, =
to — through, transfigire ; see Stab; 3, see
Enter, Penetrate, piercing, adj. 1, of
sounds, acer, acutus; seo Shrill; 2, of the
mind, acutus, acer, sagax; see Acute.
piety, n. pietas erga Deum ( = reverence and
love to God, religio (= religious feeling), sanctitas
(= holiness of life), sanctimonia (= virtuous sen-
timent, innocence), pious, adj. piuserga Deum.
(also erga patriam, parentes, etc.), relUjiosui
( = conscientious), sanctus(= approved of God),
religiosus sanctusque, sanctus et religiosus.
Adv. pie, sancte, comb, pie sancteque.
pig, n. porcus (Eng. pork), sus, suis, m. and
f. ; a small — , porcellut ; a sucking — , poreuj
lactens, porcellus. piggery, n. suife(Col.), hara.
piggish, adj. 1, suillus, porAnut; 2, fljf- see
pig
814
pit
Greedy, piggishness, n. spiircitia, s-pur-
citics (= foulness) ; see also Greediness, pig-
headed, adj. see Obstinate.
N pigeon, n. columba (a cock — , columbus),
palumbes, -is (palumba) ; see Dove; — house,
columbarium; turris, turricula ( = — tower).
pigment, n. see Paint.
. pigmy, n. see Dwarf ; the Pigmies, Pig-
inuei (Plin.).
pike, n. hojsta ; see Lance.
pilaster, n. parastata or parastas, -adis, f.
pile, I. n. strues, -is, f. (of things collected
In an elevated form), cumulus, acervus (= heap of
things, iu gen.) ; rogus( = funeral — , also — of
wood) ; a — of books, acervus librorum ; a — of
buildings, see Edifice ; a — driven into the
t round (for building on), sublica; a bridge
uilt on — s, pons sublicius ; to drive down — s,
palos or stipites or sudes demittere, defigere; see
Heap, Stake. II. v.tr. (co)acervare, cumulare,
congerere ; see Accumulate ; to — up, facere
struem alcjs rei (e.g. lignorum), exstruere (e.g.
rogum) ; see Heap.
pilfer, v.tr. and intr. ; see Steal.
pilgrim, n. viator (= traveller in gen.), or
qui in loca sacra migrat ; — 's staff, bactdum.
pilgrimage, n. iter, itineris, n. (= journey
in gen.), or iter in loca sacra, peregrinatio
sacra.
pill, n. catapotium (Plin.) (that which is
swallowed), in pure Latin pilula (Plin.) ; fig. to
give one a — to swallow, alqm tangere (Com.) ;
he swallowed the — , haec concoxit.
pillage, I. n. rapxna, dlreptio (implying de-
struction of property), erpilatio (for the sake of
robbing), depopulate (= layingwaste). II. v. t
diripere, populari(= to lay waste), compilare, ex-
pilc.re, spoliate. III. v.intr. praedari ; see Plun-
der, pillager, n. praedator, direptor, popu-
lator ; see Plunder.
pillar, n. columen (fig. = foundation, e.g.
columen reipublicae), pila ( = support of a bridge,
etc.), columna ( — column); 'sec Column, Tost.
pillared, adj. colnmnatns, columnis instructus.
pillory, n. numella ( = fetterfor criminals) ;
to punish with the — , alqm ad palam in ali-
oriim exemplum alligare; tig. alqm cruciare ; see
Torment.
pillow, I. n. cervical (Juv.), pulmmus. II.
v.tr. (su/yulcire ; see SurroRT.
pilot, I. n. gubernatar (lit. and fig.). II.
v.tr. gtibemareQ.it. and fig.).
pimp, n. leno.
pimple, n. varus (Plin., on the face, Greek
torSos), pitstula (in gen., Plin.). pimpled,
pimply, adj. jmstulosus (Ccls.).
pin, I. n. acus, -ils, f. II. v.tr. alqd acu
(aj)figcre. pin-cushion, n. thcca (= case).
pin-money, n. peculium (Jet.), or pecunia
■uxori data.
pincers, n. pi. forceps, pinch, I. v.tr. 1,
= to nip, perhaps alqd or alqm digit is comprimere,
vellicare (Quint.) ; 2, fig. (co)artare = to crowd,
to — for room, urere (of a shoe, frost, etc.) ; to —
oneself, fraudare se victu suo ; to — , of poverty,
urgere. II. n. 1, lit. use verb; 2, tig. aculevs
(= sting), morsus, -vs (— bite) ; see Sting ; at a
— , by circumloc. (e.g. he would only do it at a — ,
coaches modo hoc fecerit). pinching, adj. of
poverty, etc., by cxtremus, summus, etc. ; see
Extreme.
pinchbeck, n. 1, aes facticivm; 2, tig.,
Ke'SHAM.
pine, n. piavs, f:
pine, v.intr. tabesc-'re, eonfici alqd re; to —
for anything, alqd desiderare, or more strongly,
alcjs desidcrio tabescere. pining, n. tabes, -is
( = wasting away); see also Sorrow.
pinion, I. n. 1, of a bird, penna (pinna) ;
see Wing ; 2, compes, -hi is, f. ; see Fetter. II.
v.tr. manus jiosf tergum rcligare, alci covijmles
in(J)icere t alqm (re)vincire.
pink, adj. puniceus ; — colour, color pu-
niceus.
pinnace, n. navis actuaria or lembus.
pinnacle, n. JastigUtm (lit and fig.).
pint, n. perhaps sextarius (both as a measure
of liquids and as the vessel containing it) ; half
a — , hemina ; a quarter of a — , quartarius.
pioneer, n. qui primus alqd facit.
pious, adj. pius, sanctus; see Piety.
pip, n. pituita ( — disease of chickens,
Plin.).
pip, v.intr. pipare, pipire (Col.).
pip, n. of fruit, semen, granum, nucleus
(Plin.), acinus (esp. of the grape).
pipe, I. n. 1, for water, etc., tubus, tubulus, ca-
nalis, fistula; 2, = a musical instrument, fis-
tula, tibia, t arundo, t calamus, t avena ; 3, for
smoking, perhaps, if context is clear, fistula or
tubulus, or adding fumuin edens. II. v.intr.
fistvld or tibia cancre or canlare. pipe-clay,
n. creta fig(u)lina. piper, n. tibicen.
pipkin, n. olla (old form aula).
piquant, adj. acutus (lit. = stimulating to
the senses ; then also fig., e.g. of the speaker,
Quint.), salsus (lit. = seasoned with salt, — in
taste ; then fig. pertinent, to the point, inter-
esting, esp. through wit, of persons, of things
.-•aid or written, etc.) ;/aee(us(=facetious). 'Adv.
acute, sahe. piquancy, n. sal, vis. pique, I.
n. simultas; see Anoer, Irritation. II. v.tr.
see Offend, Irritate, Exasperate; to — one-
self, gloriari alqd re, jactare se de alqd re.
piracy, n. latrocinium maris; to carry on
— , latrocinio maris vitam tolerare( = to get one's
living by — ) ; to make the sea unsafe through
— , mare infestum facere navibus piraticis ; latro-
ciniis et pracdal ionibus infestare mare, pirate,
n. prae.do (muritimus), pirdta. piratical, adj.
piraticus ; — State, gens latrociniis assueta.
piscatory, adj. piscatorius.
pistil, n. * pislillum (only as t.t.).
pistol, n., where possible by arcus, -«>'( =
bow), otherwise * sclo]}ctus minor ; see Gun.
piston, n. (in machines) fundulus (moving
up and down, fundulus ambulatilis), embolus
(— sucker of a pump).
pit, I. n. puteus (in gcn.),/ot-frt (deep, open
at the top, for catching wild beasts ; then also
fig. = a snare), scrobs or (small) scrobiculus (= a
hole dug for planting a tree or for interring a dead
body), fossa ( = a long ditch for the defence of a
place or for the purpose of drainage), fodina,
specus, puteus (in a mine) ; to dig a — , facere fo-
rcam (fossam), fodere serobem, specum sub terra
fodcre ; to fall into a — , in foveam incidere (the
latter also fig. = to fall into a snare) ; in the
theatre, cavea (= the seats assigned to the spec-
tators, cavea ima was reserved for the nobility,
cavea media &ndsunnna more nearly = pit). II.
v.tr. =to mark (e.g. with 6mall-pox), distin-
guere; see Mark, pit against, v.tr. alqm
alci oppionere, alqm cum cdqo committere. pit-
a-pat, adv. to go — , pnlpitc/re. pitfall, n.
fovea, pitman, n. see Miner.
pitch, I. n. pis; of — , picems; as black as
— , piccius, planus, omnium nigerrimvs (=
pit
815
pla
quite black, in gen.); — pine, picea; —dark,
(tenebris) obductus ( = quite covered with dark-
ness, e.g. nox). II. v.tr. (op)picare. pitchy,
adj. picatus (— besmeared with pitch).
pitch, I. n. 1, = degree, fastigium, gradvs,
-us, or by summus, exlremus, or ultimus with n.
(i.e. to the highest — of madness, ad summam
amentiam); to this, that, what a — of, hue, eo,
i/iio with gen. ; 2, in music, sonus, vox ; at the
highest — of the voice, voce summd ; a high — ,
vox acuta ; medium — , vox media; low — , vox
gravis. II. v.tr. 1, to — a tent, tabernaculum
etatuere or constituere or collocare, tentorium sta-
tuere or ponere, tabernaculum. tendere, or simply
tendere ; 2, = to throw, jacere, con(J)icere ; see
Throw ; 3, in music, to — a note, canendo prae-
ire. III. v.intr. to — upon, incidere, incurrere
in alrpn or alqd. pitchfork, u. /urea.
pitcher, n. see Jab.
piteous, pitiable, adj. miser, miserabilis,
miserandus, dolendus, flebilis, (e)lamentabilis.
Adv. misere, miserabiliter, flebiliter, miserandum
in modum. piteousness, n. use adj., or
circuml. (e.g. the — of the story greatly moved
me, narratio mire vie commovit). pitiful, adj.
1, = full of pity, clemens, misericors ; see Mer-
ciful ; 2, see Piteous ; 3, = mean, abjectus,
vilis, humilis, contemptus ; see Contemptible.
Adv. clementer, misere, abjecte, humiliter ; see
Contemptibly, pitifulness, n. 1, dementia,
misericordia ; 2, see Piteousness ; 3, by adj.
(Pitiful 3), or humilitas. pitiless, adj. im-
misericors, durus, ferreus, inhumanus, crudelis,
saevus ; see Cruel. Adv. immisericorditer, in-
humane, inhumaniter, crudeliter, saeve. piti-
lessness, n. crudelitas, inhumanitas, saevitia.
pity, I. n. misericordia (misericordia est aegri-
tudo ex miscrid alterius injuria laborantis, Cic),
miseratio; out of — , propter misericordiam, mise-
ricordia captus or permotus ; to feel — , misericor-
diam habere, misericordem esse ( *= to have a feel-
ing heart), se misericordem praebere (= to show
oneself merciful in one single case) ; to have
— on anyone, misereri alcjs, miseret me alcjs ; it
is a — that, etc., dolendum est, quod, etc., in-
commode accidit, ut, etc. ; it is a — that he
died, mors ejus dolenda est ; it is a — that the
money was lost, dolenda est jactur a pecuniae ; it
is a great — , it is a thousand pities, valde, mag-
ixopere dolendum est; deserving — , miserandus,
viiseratione dignus. II. v.tr. misereri, miseret
me alcjs, misericordid alcjs commotum or captum
esse ( — to feel — ). pitying, adj. and adv.
see Pitiful 1.
pith, n. medulla (lit. and fig.), pithy, adj.
I, lit, mcdullosus (Cels.) ; 2, tig. sentcntiosus ( =
full of meaning), nervosus ( = vigorous), densus
(Quint).
pittance, n. merccdula ( = poor pay), pecu-
nia exigua.
pivot, n. 1, lit. cnodax (Vitr., rare) ; 2, fig.
see Hinge.
placable, adj. exorabilis, placabilis. pla-
cability, n. placabilitas.
placard, I. n. libellus; see Advertisement.
II. v.tr. libellum proponere; see Announce,
Advertise.
place, I. n. = a free, open space, locus,
campus ( — open — , field, e.g. in the middle of a
town), area (= a free, open — not occupied with
buildings) ; the — in front of a dwelling-house,
propalvlum (in gen.), vestibulum (= entrance
court) ; — of battle, locus pugnae ; — an inha-
bited — , locus, oppidv.m {— — surrounded with
walls), regio (= district), pagus, vicus (= vil-
lage); a fortified — , locus munitus (in geD.),
castrum, castclhsm (= castle, fort) ;•= natural
position, seaes, -is; = a certain portion of
space in gen., inhabited — , the — , loca;
at this — , hie, hoc loco; at which — , where,
ubi ! quo loco; at what — ? ubinamf from
which — , whence, undc, a or ex <pio loco; at
every — , ubique, omnibus locis ; from every
— , undique, ab omnibus locis; at different — s,
passim; at both — s, utrobique; at another — ,
see Elsewhere ; tig. — in a book, locus (pi.
loci) ; this lias been stated in another — (= in
another part of the book), alio loco dictum est ;
about this in another — , de quo alibi; — a
separate — allotted anywhere, lit. foc!(s(ingen.),
sedes (where one sits), spatium (= — which any-
thing occupies) ; to assign, show to a person his
or her — (in the theatre), alqm sessum ducert
(Plaut.) ; to give up one's — to a person, aid
locum dare, cedere; to take a — on the seats
allotted (in front of the rostrum of the curia,
etc.), locum in subselliis occupare ; to 6it in the
first — , in primd caved sedere (in the theatre),
summum or supra or superiorem accubare (at
table) ; in the- last — , in ultimd caved sedere (in
the theatre), infra or inferiorem accubare (at
table) ; to get up from one's — , (ex)surgere or
(principally of several) consurgSre ; to rise from
one's — before anyone (out of respect), edei
assurgere; to bring anyone from his — (=seat),
alqm locomovere; description of — s(towns, etc.),
descriptio locorum (Cic. uses ronoBeaia = the
stating of the locality of a — ) ; commander of a
— , praefectus urbi ; = situation, office, mtmus,
■eris,n. ,magistratus,-us ; of a servant, use circuml.
(e.g. to change a — , in aliam familiam ingredi) ;
to appoint in — of, alqm sufficcre; in — of,
loco alcjs; in the first — , primo, primum; iu
the next — , deinceps; primo and primum are
followed by delude, turn, praetcrea, postremo.
II. v.tr. statuere (lit., to make a thing stand,
e.g. vas in loco frigido, juvencum ante aram),
constituere; to — in different spots, disponere;
to — in line of battle, ordinare, inslruere ; to —
anything round a thing, cingire alqd alqd re
(e.g. watchmen round a house, domum custo-
dibus) ; to — anything before, alqd apponere
aid rei or ad alqd (before the hearth, foco;
before the fire, ad ignem), proponere alqd alci rei
(e.g. igni) ; to — oneself at or near a spot or
anything, consistere in alqo loco (e.g. at the
door, in artitii), by the side of, near anything,
consistcre ad alqd (e.g. ad mensam), assistere
ad alqd (e.g. ad fores, near the door) ; to —
one's money with anyone, pecuniam collocare or
occupare apud alqm; to — behind, postptmire or
pnsthi'bere or postferre alqd alci rei; to — over
(i.e. in command of, alci rei orlocoalqmpraeficere);
to — round, alqm or alqd alci (rei), or alijm or
alqd cdqd re circumdare ; to — under, alqd aid
(rei) sub(j)icere; to — upon, alqd aid (rei) im-
ponere, superponere.
placid, adj. placidus; see Gentle, Quiet,
Calm.
plagiarism, n. furlum or by eweforwn. no!
verbum transcriber neque nominare (= to copy a
passage from an author without naming him), or
by alcjs scripta furantem pro suis praedicare (i.e.
in so doing to pass oneself off as the author
of such a passage, etc.). plagiarist, n. qui
aliorum scrinia compilat (Hor.), qui auctorem ad
verbum transcribit neque nominal.
plague, I. n. 1, lit. (as the disease) pestis,
pestilentia; see Pestilence ; 2, fig-, malum (=
evil in gen.); pestis (= pest); the — take you! in
malam crucem .' What the — is it? Quid, malum,
est ? to bo a — to anyone, molest iae esse aid.
II. v.tr. vexare (= to let anyone have no peace),
ao!(l)icitare (=to disquiet), anghe ,(of cares.,
etc.). exercere, crvciure, (ex)agilare ; with re-
pla
816
pla
quests, alqm precibus fatigare; with questions,
alqm obtundere rogitando ; to — anyone to do,
etc. (= to bother), alci instare de alqd re or
with nt ; see Vex, Worry.
plain, I. adj. 1, = smooth, acquvs, planus;
see Flat ; 2, = manifest, clams, planus, apertus,
perspicuus, evidens, mani/estus ; see Clear,
Manifest ; 3, = unadorned, simplex, inornatus,
incomptus (of dress), (di)lucidus, inornatus, sub-
tilis, pressns. r vressus, distinctns, ottenuatus
(of speech, • <±, - candid, sincerus, liber; see
Fk/ :sr ; 5, - without beauty, perhaps hand
formosus or renuslus ; see Ugly. Adv. = clearly,
dart, plane, aperte, ptrspicue, evidentcr, mani-
festo ; = without ornament, simpliciter, in-
ornate .(of dress, etc.), (di)lucide, subtili!
(ex)presse. distincte, attenuate; = frankly, sin-
cere, tibere, aperte. II. n. planities (= every
— , also the — ■ surface of a mirror) ; as an
open country, planities, aequus et planus locus
(wide, where one has unlimited view and a
free scope, in opp. to hills and mountains), cam-
pys with and without planus or apertus(=n)i opeu
field, in opp. to mountains); an extended — ,
aequor (also surface of the sea, often in the poets,
but also inCie.); of what is, grows, has its abode,
is situate in the — , campester(e.g. campestris urbs).
plainness, n. 1, = clearness, by evidentia,
perspicuilas, or adj. ; see Plain ; 2, = lack of
ornament, simplicitas (of dress, etc.), or by adj.
Plain, 3 (of style) ; 3, of speech ; see Frank-
ness ; 4, = lack of beauty ; see Ugliness.
plaint, n. see Lamentation, Complaint,
Action, plaintiff, n. acatsutor (if a female,
ucciisatrix) ; qui (or quae) accusal (= accuser, who
brings anyone up before the court in a criminal
prosecution) ; qui (or quae) petit (= who makes a
claim, in a civil action; ; to appear as the princi-
pal — against anyone, suo nomine accusare
alqm ; as the second — or jointly with another,
svbscribens accusare alqm; — in error, appella-
tor (Cic), qui appellat or provocat. plaintive,
adj. miserabilis, jlebilis, lamcntabilis, qveribun-
dus, querulus (mostly poet. ). Adv. m iserabiliter,
fiebiliter. plaintiveness, n. by adj.
plait, I. n. 1, sinus, -us, ruga, but both =
fold rather than — ; see Fold ; 2, = a braid of
hair, gradus, -its (Quint, Suet.). ' II. v.tr. 1,
see Fold ; 2, to — the hair, comam in gradus
Jvrmare or franycre.
plan, I. n. 1, = a sketch drawn on paper,
forma, conformatio, figura, species (= a draught),
imarjo (= outline), designatio (= design), forma
rndis et impolita (= rough sketch), descriptio,
ir.hnographia (the former = first sketch, then
like the latter = ground - plan) ; to draw a
— of anything, speciem operis deformare,
imaginem or formam operis delineare ; of a
building, uedificandi descriptio ; 2, in idea,
consilium, cogitatio (as a mere idea which wc
hope to realize), propositum or inceptum (as
intention, or as anything first begun, under-
taken), ratio (= —and decision, wherein the
means of doing it and the possible result are
considered), descriptio (as regards all the par-
ticulars of it), ordo(= the order in which a thing
is to be done) ; — of an operation, rei agendae
ratio; a — agreed upon, ratio rei cgmpositae
(Liv.) ; — for carrying on a war, Mius belli ratio;
a decided — , ratio stobilisacfnna; without anv
decided — , nnllo consilio, nulld ratione ; to draw
up, make a — for anything, inslitue.re rationem
alcjs rei (e.g. operis), describcre rationem alcjs rei
(e.g. belli, uedificandi); to conceive the —to,
etc., consilium captcre or inire alcjs rei faciendae,
or with inf. or with ut; concerning a thing, con-
silium capere or inire de alqd re. II. v.tr. 1, =
to form a draught, speciem or imaginem alcjs
operis lineis deformare, formam alcjs operis liners
describcre, imaginem alcjs operis delineare; seV
Design ; 2, in idea, alqd (ex)cogi(are, moliri, con-
silium inire alcjs rei faciendae; see above,
Plan, I. 2.
plane, I. n. 1, = a geometrical figure, forma
plana; 2, = a tool, runcina (Plin.). IL v.tr.
runcinarc.
plane, n. = a tree, platanus, f.
planet, n. Stella errans, sidus, -eris, n.,
errans ; in pi. also stellae quae errantes et quasi
vagae nominantur ; the five — s, quivque ttellne.
ensdem cursus constantitsime icrvantes, (Planeta,
planetes, is not found in good prose.)
plank, I. n. tabula (= board), axis, -is, m.
(ustis); to nail — s, coaxare (coass-). II. v.tr. con-
tabulare, coaxare (coass-). planking, n. con-
tabulatio, coamtio (coass-, =s boarded floor, etc.),
or by pi. of Plank.
plant, I. n. herba (In gen.), planta (— slip).
II. v.tr. 1, screre, (dejponere (trees, etc.), con-
sercre, obserere (a place with trees, etc.) ; 2, =
to set up, statuere, constituere, infigere (e.g.
signum, a standard) ; see Set up ; 3, to — a
colony, coloniam deducere. plantation, n.
plantarium (— nursery garden), seminarium (=
nursery garden, lit. and fig.), arbustum (=
orchard, esp. the trees round which vines were
planted), vitiarium (= nursery for vines), quer-
cetum (= oak wood), locus arboribus consitus
(gen. term), planter, n. sator, qui serit; —s
of a colony, coloni. planting, n. satio, satus,
-us (= the act of — ).
plash, I. n. murmur, fremitus, -us (e.g.
aequoris, perhaps sonus, sonitus, -its. II. v.tr.
murmurare, fremere, fremitum edere.
plaster, I. n. 1, gypsum, arenatum, lectori urn ;
see Cement, Mortar; 2, in medicine, emplast-
rum. II. adj. a — cast, imago (e)gypso expressa.
III. v.tr. gypsare (Col.), gypso illinere or oMn-
cere, plasterer, n. = who whitewashes the
walls, tector ; see Paint.
plastic, adj. plaelicus.
plate, I. n. 1, bractea, lam(i)na. (lit. — a thin
piece of metal ; the latter stronger than the
former, then also of wood, anything veneered) ;
2, = a copper — print, pidvra linearis or
imago per aeneam lam(i)nam expressa, Jigura
aenea, or in the context merely imago ; 3, a —
at table, catillus, pi. catilla, -orum, n. (a smaller
one made of clay), patella ; 4, collectively, —
used at table, vasa (-orum) argentea or aurea
(silver or gold), argentum. II. adj. — glass,
perhaps use vitriim densatum. III. v,tr. to --=-
with silver, argento induccre.
platform, n. suggestus, -its.
Platonic, adj. Platonicus, Jcadcmicus (=
pertaining to the Academy, i.e. the — philo-
sophy, academia, axaSvuia). Platonist, n.
r'atonicus philasophus ; the — s, academici (=;
the followers of the Academy).
platter, n. catillus (pi. catilla), patella.
plaudit, n. plausus, -its ; see Applause.
plausible, adj. 1, = probable, veri similia
(or as one word verisim-), probabilis ; 2, in bad
sense, fitcatus, fucosus, simulatns, speciosus. Adv.
veri similiter (rerisim-), proliobiliter, simulate,
speciose (Quint), ad speciem, in or per speciem,
specie, plausibility, n. 1, verUvmMUvdo,
probabilitas ; 2, simulatio, species.
play, I. v.intr. and tr. to — an instrument
of music, canire, t modulari, with the ablat.
of the instrument played (e.g. on a stringed
instrument, fidibus), psallere (on a stringed
instrument, esp. the guitar, hence often corub'
pie
817
plo
tantare et psallcre, canere voce et psallere, =
to sing to the sound of tlie — ) ; = to amuse
oneself, ludere (eitlier absol. or with the ablat.
of the game) ; the fishes — in the water, pisces
in aqua ludunt ; to — at dice, tesseris or talis
ludere, aled or alcam ludere; to — at cricket,
ball, pild ludere; to — for anything, ludere in
alqd (e.g. for money, in pecunium, Jet.); = to
act in uny particular character, on the stage and
in real life, agere alqm or alejs partes, akjs per-
sonum tueri ; to — a piece (in the theatre),
fubulam agere; not to let the actors — any
longer, histrionibus scaenam interdicere ; to —
the fool with anyone, to — anyone a trick,
alqm ludere or ludificari, alci impoiwre ; to —
the rogue with anyone, fraudem or fallaciam
alcifacere, dolum alci nectere or conjingire. II.
n. := amusement, Indus (= game, see the word),
lusus, -us (= playing), lusio (— the act), ludi-
crwn(— a farce for amusement), ludibrium(=tho
carrying on a joke with anyone ; the joke itself,
6port), spectaculum, (= a theatrical piece), fabula
(diniin. fabella, =a piece at the theatre), comoe-
dia (= comedy), U'agoedia (= tragedy) ; mere — ,
Indus, jocus (— joke) ; that is but — for him, hoc
ei Indus or jocus est ; = room for acting, campus
(opp. angustiae ; e.g. he has full — in his speech,
est campus, in quo ex(s)ultare possit oratio, Cic.) ;
to have — , late vagari posse; = action, motus,
•us, gestus, -us (of the limbs, etc.), vultus, -us
(= face), argutiae (— lively expression of the
countenance) ; fair — , ex aequo et bono (e.g. to
see — , curare ut omnia ex aequo et bono Jiant).
play bill, n. libellus. player, n. 1, (on a
musical instrument) aniens (both male and fe-
male), psaltes, in pure Latiu fidicen, on a stringed
instrument ; if a female, psaltria, in pure Latin
fidicina, citharista, m., citharoedus ; cornicen
(= who blows a horn or cornet), tibicen (=
a — on the flute, a piper), tubicen {— a trum-
peter) ; for amusement in gen., lusor, a female,
hidens ; 2, see Gambler ; 3, — on the stage,
actor ; see Actor, playfellow, playmate,
n. aequalis (= of the same age), playful,
adj. lascivus, jocosus. Adv. jocose, playful-
ness, n. lascivia. playground, n. locus
quo pueri ludendi caus(s)d conveniunt. play-
bouse, n. see Theatre, playthings, n.
quae pueris in lusum oblata sunt ; see Toy.
playwriter, playwright, u. qui fabulas
scribit.
plea, n. 1, defendant's — , defensio, oratio
pro se or alqo habita (= a speech made in one's
own defence, or for others) ; to make a — in
court, orare or dicere pro se, se defendere, caus-
(s)am dicere (for oneself), orare et dicere pro
alqo, defendere alqm (for someone) ; exceptio (=
exception taken by defendant to plaintiffs state-
ment, and inserted in a praetor's edict) ; in a
gen. sense, see Lawsuit, Cause, Apology ; 2,
= excuse, excusatio ; see Excuse. plead,
v.intr. 1, in law, cau(s)sam agere, actitare (fre-
quentative), dicere, (per)orare, or alqm se fecisse
defendere, alqm defendere, versari inforo (— to be
a pleader) ; 2, in gen. alqd excusare ; see Bed,
Allege, pleader, n. orator, causidicus (term
rather of coutempt) ; see Advocate.
pleasant, or pleasing, adj. acceptus (=that
which you are glad to see or hear), gratus (— very
— , pergratus, of value to us), comb, gratus ac-
ceplusque, jucundus, suavis (= lovely), dulcis (=
attractive), mollis (= gentle), carus (— dear\
gratiosus alci and apud.alqm (= in favour with),
urbanus (= polite), lepidus, facetus, festivus f =
humorous, witty), laetus (= joyous), amoenus (=
charming, of place), voluptarius (= delightful),
commodus (= suitable, e.g. viores); — conversa-
tion, sermo festivus, venustus et urbanus ; —
places, loco, amoena or voluptaria ; to be — to
the eyes, oculos delectare ; to be — to the ms,
aures {per)mulccre, auribus blandiri; to have
a — taste, jucunde sapere. Adv. jucunde, sua-
viter, dulve, dulciter, commode, lepide, festive,
facete, amnene or amoeniter. pleasantness.
n. jucunditas, dulccdo, amoenitas, suavitas,
commodilas (ante class, in Ovid.), Icpos, or
by adj. ; sec also Loveliness, pleasantry,
n. facetiae, lepos, festivitas, or by jocus (=joke).
please, v.intr. alci placere, alqm delectare, alci
gratum, acceplum or cordi esse, or arriddrc ; it — B,
placet (of a decree of the senate) ; if you — , ru
(si vis); to be — d, dclectari, gaudcre re; to bo
dis— d, abhorrere re; I am - d with this, hoc
mihi gratum est; this dis— s rne, displicet mihi
hoc; you are — d to say, libet (lubet) tibi dicere;
to — yourself, gratificari sibi; to — another, gru>
tificari alci, morem gerere alci; eagerness to —
(another), immodica placendi cupido. pleas-
ing, adj., see Pleasant, pleasure, n. volup-
tas ; = will, arbitrium ; libiilo (lub-, — passion,
caprice), delectatio, olAectatio, deliciae (— de-
light), delectamentum (rare), oblectamentum (—
object of — ); according to — , ex libiiline, ex
ar'bitrio ejus (or suo); to do his — , gratum fucere
alci; = gross pleasures (lust), cupiditates, libi-
dines (tub-), corporis voluptates ; it is the — of
the gods, the senate, etc., dis, senutui placet;
a journey of — , gestatio (Sen.); to take — in
the country, excurrere rus, in the gardens,
horti ; to walk for — , ambulare.
plebeian, I. n. homo plebeius, homo de plebe ;
the — s, plebeii, plebs ; the order of the — s, ordo
plebeius, plebs; from the order of the — s, de
plebe, plebeii generis, plebeius. II. adj. plebeius
(opp. patricius).
pledge, I. n. pignus, -his, n., hypotheca, ar-
rhabo, -onis, m., arrha. II. v.tr. (op)pignerare
or obligare alqd; to — your word, fidem inttr-
ponere or obligare.
Pleiades, n. Pleiades or Vergiliat.
plenary, adj. see Full, Entire, Complete.
plenipotentiary, n. merely legatus (=
ambassador) ; plenipotentiaries arrived from
Sicily, Sicidi veniunt cum mandatis.
plenitude, n. see Fulness.
plenteous, plentiful, adj. uber, abun-
dans, copiosus, largus, affluens, opimus; see'
Abundant. Adv. uberius, uberrime (not in
posit.), abunde, abundanter, copiose, satis super-
que, large, cumulate, prolixe, effuse, plenty, n.
ubertas (without reference to the use we make
of it), cojJici (of anything, for a certain purpose,
opp. inopia, Cic), abundantia (= abundance,
more than we wish), afftuentia (— profusion),
magna vis (great quantity) ; — of anything, satis
with genit. ; to have — of anything, suppeditars
or abundare alqa re.
pleonasm, n. pleonasmus (late, or as Greek
7rXeovao-fid;), better use circumloc. (e.g. nimid
abundantid verborum uti). pleonastic, adi.
by circumloc. (e.g. verba plura sunt quam pro re).
plethora, n. sanguinis abundantia. • ple-
thoric, adj. plenus sanguinis.
pleurisy, n. pleuritis.
pliant, pliable, adj. 1, lentus, flexibilis ;
2, fig. mobilis, inconstans, mollis, flexibilis. pli-
ancy, pliability, n. 1, lentitia, tentor(Plin.) ;
2, mobilitas, inconstantia, mollitia.
plight, I. n. see Condition, State. II.
v.tr. see Fledge.
plinth, n. plinthus, plinthis, -idis, f.
plod, v.intr. 1, = to go slowly, tardius pro-
grefo; g, =; to toil, omni ope atque operd eniti, ut,
etc., contendm et laborare, sudare et laborers;
plo
818
pol
see Toil, plodding, adj. esse induslrid singv-
lari (of persons).
plot, plat, n. of ground, agcllus, area.
plot, I. n. 1, consensio, conspiratio, consen-
sionis or conspirationis globus (in gen.), conju-
ratio (— conspiracy), coitio (— a secret combina-
tion, esp. of two candidates for an office, for the
purpose of getting rid of their competitors); to
form a — , consensiones or coitionemfaeere, con-
spirare; to form a — against anyone, in alqm
consplrare, contra alqm conjurare, ad alqm op-
primendum consentire (in order to oppress any-
one) ; see Conspiracy ; 2, in dramatic writings,
argumentum fabidae. II, v.tr. and intr. see
above and Plan, Devise, Contrive, Conspire.
plotter, n. see Conspirator.
plough, I, n. aratrum ; — boy, bubidcus, in
fig. sense a mere — boy, agrestis, rusticus; — man,
arator (who tends the oxen) ; — share, vomer ;
—handle, stiva. II. v.tr. arare (absol. and with
accus.), inarare (e.g. semen, = to cover by — ing),
exarare alqd (= to dig up, to — ), oratro subigere
(=to break up, to till), subvertire aratro alqd (=
to overturn with the plough) ; to — a field after
it has been lying fallow, proscindere. plough-
ing, n. jiroscissio (= first — , Col.).
pluck, I. v.tr. vellere (= to tear up or away) ;
stronger, vellicare; to — out a hair, pilum evel-
lire; to — flowers, fiorcs cu.rpe.re; see Tear; to
— up, evellere, eruere ; to — up courage, ani-
mum recipere. II. n. 1, = heart, liver and
lights of a sheep, etc., intcstina, -orum ; 2, =
courage, animus, virtus, -litis, f.
plug, n.' cpistomium.
plum, a prunnm. plum-tree, n. prunus,
f. (Col.).
plumage, n. phimae, pennae (pinnae).
plume, I. n. pluma, penna (pinna). II. v.
reflex, to — oneself on, alqd ostentare,jactare, prae
seferre. plumy, adj. plumis obduclus, plnma-
tus, pennatus (= winged, also of an arrow ; plu-
miger and jienniger are both poetic).
plumber, n. artifex plumburins.
plummet, plumb-line, a. lineu, perpen-
diculum.
plump, adj. pinguis ; see Fat. plump-
ness, n. pinguitudo.
plunder, I. v.tr. pracdari, praedam facere,
diripere (the enemy's territory, etc., also = to
destroy the enemy, to ransack ; in good prose
only as t.t. representing warfare), compilare,
expilarc (= to rob by — ), (de)six>liare, exspo-
licre (in gen. =to rob), nuclare (=to strip), de-
peculari (rare, = to embezzle, in a contemptuous
sense = to — ; all these of one person or thing,
also of several, e.g. to — men, to — houses,
etc.), depopulari (= to lay waste, districts, etc.) ;
to — out and out, exhaurire, exinanire, nudum
atqae inane reddcre (= to clear a house, etc.), ever-
rere et extergere (= to sweep and wipe clean,
jocular instead of to — completely, to strip; a
temple, fanum, Cic). II. n. praeda, rapina
(= act of — ing); to live by — , rapto vircre.
plunderer, n. direptor, spoliator, populator,
praedator, expilator.
plunge, I. v.tr. to — into, mergere in alqd or
in alqd re, or merely alqd re (into anything liquid,
e.g. into the water, in aquam, aqud ; into the
sea, in mari), demergerc or submcrgcre, immer-
gere (in alqd or alqd re), into, in alqd or in.
alqd re or sub alqd re; to — a dagger, etc., see
Thrust ; to — anyone, a State, into difficulties,
see Precipitate, Throw. II. v. intr. to — into,
l,~(im)mcrgcre,demergere,'submergere; 2, fig. se
mergere cr ingurgitare in alqd.
pluperfect, n. tempns plusquam perfection
(Gram.).
plural, adj. in Gram., the — number, numt»
mspluralis, nnmcrusmultitwlinis. plurality,
n. by plures (= more) or multitude (= a number).
ply, v.tr. exercere.
poach, I. v.tr. e.g. eggs, perhaps fricare
(— to fry) ; — cd eggs, perhaps omassa or fricaUu
II. v.intr. fwrtim /eras iiUerdpere, poacher,
u. fur (— thief).
pocket, I. n. sacculus (= small bag, Jar.),
marsupium (ante and post class. ; = bag for
holding money), crumena (= a purse for contain-
ing small coin, a bag worn over the shoulders) ;
the ancients had no — s in their garments, but
they used the folds in their toga, sinus, -iis (lit. =
bosom, in sense of — , poet, and post Aug.). II.
v.tr. = to take away, avferre ; to — dishonestly,
pecuniam avertere. pocket-book, n. pugil-
lares, -ium (Plin.). pocket-handkerchief,
n. sudarium. pocket-knife, u. cidter; see
Knife, pocket-money, u. pecunia aid
data.
pod, n. siliqua.
podagra, n. podagra, podagrae morbus.
poem, n. carme»(=a short — , esp. a lyric — ,
a — composed according to metrical rules, such
as the odes of Horace), poema, -atis, n. ; to make
a — , carmen (poema) facere, fingere, scribere (in
gen.), carmen fundere (— to make verses extem-
pore, with ease), poesy, n. see Poetry.
poet, n. poeta, in., carminum auctor, scriptor,
conditor, t vales (= inspired — ). poetaster, n.
poeta mains, poetess, n. poetria. poetical,
adj. poeticus. Adv. poetice, poctarum more.
poetry, n. poetice or pdetica, poesis (Quint-), or
by poem ; see Poem.
poignant, adj. acer; see Keen.
point, I. n. 1, acumen (in gen.),ci«pis, -idis, f.
(of a weapon, an arrow, etc.), srncj(i«m(=heador
point of a dart, pike-head, the dart or arrow itself,
opp. hostile — shaft), cacumen, culmen, fiistigium,
vertex, -icis, in. (= the highest — of anything, also
by summits); see Summit; 2, of land, promon-
torium; see Cape ; 3, in writing, see Stop; 4,
a small particle (as regards space or time), pars
(=part. in gen.), locus (= spotj, punctumtemporis
(= minute) ; to draw the troops together at one
— , capias in unum locum contrahire or cogirc; the
highest — of the mountain, summits mans; I am
on the — of, etc. (I am about to, etc.), in eo est,
id, etc., prope est, id, etc. (= the time is near at
hand, when, etc.) ; to be on the — of conquer-
ing, prope in man ibus victoriam habere ; 5, = a cir-
cumstance, res (in gen.), tarns (= a single subject
of which we speak), cnjw((=main — , principal
part, one particular portion, e.g. a prima capite
legis usque ad extremum), cardo, -inis, m. (— ■ main
— on which anything hinges), quaestio (= the —
in dispute), or de quo agitur, nomen (= an item
in an account, outstanding debt) ; in this par-
ticular — , hac in re ; the right — , res ipsa ; to
hit the right — , rem acu tangcre (Plant.) ; not to
the — , nihil ad rem; an important — , res magni
momenti; the most important — , res maximi
momenti, res gravissima, caput rei. II. v.tr. and
intr. 1, of slierp instruments, (prae)acuere ; see
Sharpen ; 2, with the finger at anyone or any-
thing, digito monstrare alqd or alqm, digitum in-
lendCre ad alqd or ad alqm(= to stretch, hold out,
etc.); see Notice; 3, see Punctuate, point-
blank, I. adj. direclus ; to give a — refusal,
alqd vrorsus negare. II. adv. plane, prorsus,
omnino; see Altogether, pointed, adj. 1,
(proe)acutus ; 2, fig. of speech, salsus, aculeatus(=-
stinging); ad alqd appositus (= directed to) i see
Clear." Adv. ; - Use, apposite, pointer, n. = 3
poi
819
poo
dog, canis (yenaticus). pointless, adj. 1, see
Blunt; 2, tig. insulsus, jrigidus,ineptus,inanis.
poise, v.tr. Ubrare.
poison, I. n. venenum, virus, -i, n. (= poi-
sonous vegetable or animal juice or liquid) ;
fig. venenum. • II. v.tr. alqd venenare (rare),
alqd veneno imbuere; to slay many, to —
many, multos veneno occidere ; to strangle the
wife and — the mother, laqueo uxorem interimere
matremque veneno; fig. to — the minds of the
young, n;i inws adolescentium inficere mails libidi-
nibus. poisoned, adj. venenatits(=. dipped in
poison, mixed with poison, e.g. an arrow, javelin,
sagitta, telum; meat, caro), veneno necatus or ab-
sumptus(= killed by poison); — words, perhaps
verba acerba or aculeata. poisoner, n. vene/i-
cus (if female, vemfica). poisoning, n. vene-
ficium(=z mixing poison, as a regular occupation,
and as a crime), poisonous, adj. venenatus fin
gen.), veneno imbutus or infectus or tinctus (—
dipped in poison), veneno illUus (= besmeared
with—).
poke, I. v.tr. anyone, alqm fodere or fodicare;
to — the i\re,ignem excitare. Il.v.intr.to — about,
cdqd rimari, perscrutari. poker, n. perhaps fer-
ramentum (= iron tool) quo ignis excitatur.
pole, n. 1, = Iong rod, contus, pertica, Ion-
gurius, asser, veclis; 2, of the earth, axis, cardo,
ipolus, and t vertex ; the south — , axis meridia-
nus ; the north — , axis septentrionalis (septemt-).
polar, adj. septentrionalis {septemt-) ^north-
ern), poleaxe, n. see Axe. polecat, n. feles.
polemical, adj. by circumloc, e.g. qui cum
alqo de alqd re disceptat or concertat, qui alqd in
controversion vocat. polemics, n. disputa-
tiones.
police, n. 1, matters relating to public
security, no exact term, use publiccte or urbanae
securitatis cura; 2, = constables, etc., the
c.ediles had charge of many of the functions of
the police ; in gen. ii ipdbus- publicae securitatis
cura Aetata est (— — officers), policeman, n.
unus e publicae securitatis custodibus.
policy, n. ratio rei publicae gerendae, cxvili-
tas (in Quint, as trans, of 7roAiTiK>j), disciplina
reipublicae ; fig. prudcatia, callidilas, consilium.
politic, adj. prudens, sagax, astutus, callidus,
circumspectus, providus ; see Cunning, Wise,
Prudent, political, adj. referring to the
State, civilis (as trans, of the Greek ttoActikos,
which does not exist in Latin, = referring to
the State or to State affairs ; e.g. oratio civilis),
publicus (= relating to public affairs), politicus
(= relating to — science) ; — storms, tempora
turbulcnta, turbulentae in civitate tempestatcs ; a
— discussion, sermo de rcpublicd habihis, ; —
writings, ecripta quae ad rempublicam gerendam
pertinent; — science in gen., ratio civilis, rei-
publicae gerendae ratio; see State. Adv., use
adj. politician, n. vir rerum civilium pcritus,
vir rcgendae civitatis pcritus or sciens. politics,
n. respublica, or in pi. res publicae (e.g. ad rem-
publicam accedere, = to take up — ). polity, n.
■respublica, genus, -cris, n., or forma reipublicae,
ratio civilis.
polish, I. v.tr. (ex)polire, perpolire (lit. and
fig., in tig. sense also limare). II. n. 1, lit.
nilor, caiulor ; see Brightness; 2, tig. circum-
loc. with lima (his writings lack — , scriptis ejus
lima deesl); see Politeness, polished, adj. lit.
by past part, of Polish, I. ; see also Polite.
polite, adj. urbanus, comis, humanus, affa-
Wis, blandus, officiosus (esp. towards superiors).
Adv. urbane, comiter, humane, humaniter, blande,
ojjiciose. politeness, n. urbanitas, comitas,
humanitas, affabilitas.
poll, I. n. 1, see Head; 2, ^register of
heads, perhaps index nominum ; 3, = entry
of the names of electors, see Vote, Llect,
Register. II. v.tr. 1, lit. (am)putarc, praeci
dire ; 2, = to give votes, see Vote, pollard,
n. urbor, -oris, f., (am)putata. polling, n.
see Voting. polling-booth, n. saeptum,
ovile. poll-tax, n. to impose a — , tributum
in singula capita imponere.
pollute, v.tr. pollucrc. pollution, n. pol-
lulio.
poltroon, n. see Coward.
polygamy, n. to live in a state of — , solere
plures uxores habere (of a man), pluribus nuptam
esse (of a woman).
polyglot, adj. pluribus Unguis scriptus.
polygon, n. * polygonum, polygonal, adj.
polygonius (Vitr.), t midtangulus (Lucr.).
polypus, n. polypus, -odis, m. (as animal,
Phu., and as tumour in the nose, Cels.).
polytheism, n. multorum deorum cullus, -us.
polytheist, n. qui multos deos colit.
pomatum, n. capillare (in gen., Mart.).
pomegranate, n. malum grandtum or
Punicum (Col.).
pommel, I. n. of a saddle, umbo sellae. II.
v.tr. see Beat.
pomp, n. apparatus, -us; = show of magni-
ficence, venditatio, venditatio atque ostentatio (=
boasting, swaggering) ; — of words, inanis ver-
borum strepitus, -us, quaedam species atque pompa ;
to speak with a show of — , in dicendo adhibere
quandam speciem atque pomjxim. pompous,
adj. 1, magnijicus, jactans, gloriosus, arrogans,
insolens; see Boastful; 2, of style, inflatns,
lumidus; see Inflated. Adv. magnijice, gloriose,
arroganter, insolenter. pompousness, pom-
posity, n. 1, magnificentia, arrogantia, in-
solentia; 2, of words, insolentia verborum, or by
adj. ; see Inflation.
pond, n. stagnum (=any stagnant pool of
water, also fish — ), piscina (= fish — ) y locus, -us
(= a lake, whether by nature or artificial).
ponder, v.tr. and intr. ponderare, secum re-
putare ; see Consider, ponderous, adj. see
Weighty.
poniard, n. see Dagger.
pontiff, n. pontifex; see Priest, Pope.
pontoon, n. ponto.
pony, n. nuxnnus, mannidus (of Gallic race,
Plin. Min.), or equ us parvus.
poodle, n. cants.
pool, n. lacuna (= a body of stagnant water),
t volutabrum (= a muddy place in which swine
delight to roll) ; sec Pond.
poop, n. puppis.
poor, adj. = in kind or nature, deficient in its
proper qualities, malus, vilis (= of small worth),
mediocris(— middling), deterior(— less good, su-
pcrl. deterrimus), pejor (superl. pessimus) ; — liv-
ing, tenuis victus, -us ; — speech, oratio jejuna; —
cottage, casaexigua; = barren, inopsalcjs rei (or
alqd re or ab alti& re), sterilis (= unproductive) ;
— in words, imps verborum ; ■=. not rich, pauper
(n-eVr;?, opp. dives), tenuis (= of small means, opp.
locuples), egens, indigens (= needy, wanting neces-
saries, opp. abundans), tenuis atque egois; i>wps
(= without resources, opp. opulentus), mendicus
(= a beggar) ; somewhat — , pauperculus ; the
— , pauperes, tenuis vitae homines (= having a
slender income), capite censi (so called be-
cause the poorest were in the census taken
by numbers, without regard to property), also
prolctarii (from proles = offspring) ; = wretched,
pitiable, miser, misellus, in/elix, miserandus; a
pop
820
pos
— fellow, homo mtsellus ; — fellow ! vac, me ((e)
misenim! poorhouse, n. ptochotrophium
(Jet), or by circuinloc. (e.g. aedes piiblice
■jito indigentibus aedificatae). poor-laws, n.
leges de indigentibus factae. poorly, I. adv
tenuiter, mediocriter, misere. II. adj. see 111.
poverty, n. paupcrtas, angustiae rei familiar is
'= narrow means), difficultas domestica, tcnuitas,
egestas (= want), inopia (= destitution), mendici-
(us (= mendicity), in comb, cgestas ac mendicitas;
— of mind, ani mi egest as, tennis elangusta ingenii
vena (Quint.) ; — of words, verboriim inopia,
inopia ac jejunitas, sermonis inopia; — in your
mother tongue, egestas patrii sermonis.
pop, I. n. crepitus, -us. II. v.intr. crepare;
to — out, evaders, ex(s)ilire.
pope, n. * pontifex Romanus,* papa, popish,
adj. * papisticits.
poplar, n. populus, f.; of the — ,pdpuleus.
poppy, n. papdver, -iris, n.
popular, adj. in vulgus grains; see under
People, populate, v.tr. see under People.
porch, n. vestibulum; in a temple or church,
pronaos (npovaos).
porcupine, n. hystrix (Flm.).
pore, n. foramen (e.g. foramina invisibilia
corporis (Cels.). porosity, n. raritas. porous,
ri\j. fist ulosus (Plin., = full of holes), spongiosis,
r urns.
pore, v.tr. to — over a book, in Hbro alqo
haerere ; to — over, totum se abdere in alqd.
pork, n. (coro) suilla or porcina. porker,
n. porcus.
porphyry, n. porphyrites (Plin.).
porpoise, n. porcuhts marimts (Plin.).
porridge, n. puis, -lis, f. ; see Broth, Sour,
Oatmeal.
porringer, n. see Plate.
port, n. I, portus, -its; see Harbouk ; 2, see
Gait.
portable, adj. quod portari or gestari potest.
portcullis, n. cataracta.
portend, v.intr. portendere, augurari, signi-
ficare, praemonstrare, praenuntiare- portent,
n. portentum, ostentum, prodigium, monstrum,
signum, omen, augurium, auspicium, t avis.
portentous, adj. portentosus, monstr(u)osns,
T prodigiosns. Adv. monstr(u)ose.
porter, n. 1, = keeper of a lodge, janitor
(female, janitrix), ostiarius ; see Door-keeper,
Gate-keeper ; 2, = one who carries burdens,
bajidus ; 3, see Beer.
portfolio, n. scrinium.
porthole, u. fenestra.
portico, n. portions, -iis, f.
portion, I. n. pars,portio; see Part, Share.
II. v.tr. see Divide.
portly, adj. see Stout.
portmanteau, n. vidulus, arerta(= cloak -
bag carried behind a horse, late Imperial Rome).
portrait, n. imago (picta) ; anyone's — ,
effigies ex facie ipsius similitudinc cxpressa.
portrait-painter, n. pictor qui homines
mloribus reddit. portray, v.tr. depiugcre (in
words or colours); see Describe, Paint.
position, n. collocatio(= mode in which any-
thing is placed, e.g. of the stars, siderum, Cic.),
status, -us, habitus, -Us, or by pos itu m esse ; fig. =
circumstances, status, -us (= state in which any-
thing is), condicio (= condition, rank in society,
circumstances), locus (= — in which a person is
placed, Caes.), tempvs, tempora(= change in one's
circumstances which from time to tiro" *ske8
place; hence often = bad, difficult circumstan-
ces), res (= affairs, etc., in gen.), fortuna (= out-
ward circumstances, fortune).
positive, adj. a — law, lex scripta (opp. lex
nata) ; the — right, jus civile (opp. jus natu-
rale), also merely leges ; = certain, ccrtvs; a —
statement, affirmatio ; I make a — statement, aio,
affirmo ; the — degree, positivus (gradus, -«»)
(Prise). Adv. affirmate, cerlo ; to know — , certo
or certis auctoribus comperisse ; to assert — , affir-
mare, conjirmare. positiveness, n. = positive
assertion, affirmatio; — certainty, by circuinloc.
(e.g. alqd certum habere, alqd afjirmarc).
possess, v.tr. possidere (ingenium, magnam
vim, etc.), alqd or possessionem rei habere or
tenere, inpossessionerei esse, habere (auctoritatem),
tenere( = to hold, e.g. tu meum habes, tenes, pos-
sicks), alqd re praeditum, instructum, ornatum or
affectum esse( = to be gifted with), inesse alci or in
alqo; with est and genit. or dat, virtus est vir-
ium (= virtue — es strength), est mihi liber (= I
— a book), or with the ablat. (e.g. Hortensivs erat
tantd memorid ut, etc., = Hortensius — ed such
a memory, that, etc.) ; to — partitively, alcjs rei
participem esse ; all men cannot, — all things, non
omnes omnium participes esse posmnt; not to — ,
carere re ; to — not at all, alcjs rei expertem esse ;
to — richly, alqd re abundare or valerc. posses-
sion, n. posscssio ; a taking — , occu patio; = the
object possessed, posscssio, bo)\a, -orum, res sua.
possessive, adj. possessivus (casus) (Gram.).
possessor, n. jwssessor, dominus.
possible, adj. quod esse, fieri or effici potest,
quod per rerum naturam admitti potest ; a — case,
condicio quae per rerum naturam admitti )x>test or
simply condicio (Cic.) ; if it is, were — , if — ,
si potest, si posset; as much as ■ — , quantum
potest (poterit, etc.); it is — that, etc., fieri
potest, ut, etc. ; as much as it is — , quoad fieri
potest or poterit ; as ... as — , quam with superb
(e.g. as early as — , quam maturrime ; as quick
as — , quam celerrime ; as shortly as — , quam
brcvissime) ; he joined his colleague with his
army in as rapid marches as — , quantis maxim.it
poterat itineribus exercitum ducebat ad collegam;
to show every — care, omnem, quam possum,
curam adhibere ; every — , often merely omnis.
Adv. fieri potest ut, etc. ; see Perhaps, pos-
sibility, n. condicio (= possible case, Cic),
potestas or facultas or copia alqd faciendi (= pos-
session ; potestos, as permission, power ; facul-
tas and copia = the opportunities), locus alcjs
re£(= opportunity given through circumstances ;
e.g. he denies the — of this idea, negat esse posse
hanc notioncm) ; also when — implies that a
thing can be done, by fieri or effici posse (e.g.
they deny the — of anything, alqd fieri posse
negant).
post, I. n. 1, postis (of a gate, etc.) ; arrec-
taria, -orum, n. (lit. what stands erect, opp.
transversaria, Vitr.) ; pains (= a stake), cippus
(esp. gravestone) ; 2, = military station, locus
(= place in gen .), static (= outpost, guard), praesi-
dium(= any place taken by the troops, and which
is to be defended); 3, = office, locus, munns,
■cris, n., partes, -ium ; 4, = system of public
conveyance, res vercdaria, res vehicularia(=Hie
whole institution, Imperial Rome), rei vehicular
riaecuratores(= the persons connected with it) ;
5, system of conveyance of letters, tabellarii
(= letter-carriers) ; to send through the — ,
alqd per tabellarios mit'ere; to put into the — ,
alqd tabellario perferendum committere. II,
v.tr. 1, of travelling, letters, etc. ; see I. 4, 5 ; 2,
of troops, (dis)ponere, (col)locare, constitvere ; 3,
= to affix a notice, etc., proponere. postage,
n. vecturae pretium ; to pay the — , pro veciurd
solvere, post-chaise, n. vehiculv.m. publicum,
p09
821
pra
raeda cursualis (Imperial Rome), postern,
11. postica, postieum. posthaste, adv. gumma
celeritaie or quam celerrime. postillion, n. see
Rider, Groom, postman, n. tabellarius (=
•private messenger) ; sec Post I. 5. postscript,
n. alqd epistulae additum.
posterior, adj. posterior.
posterity, n. posteritas (in a wide sense,
tint only poetic for progenies or stirps), poster i,
t minores.
posthumous, adj. post patrcm mortvum
natus.
postmeridian, adj. postmeridianus or
pome rid ianus, post meridiem (opp. ante meridiem),
tempore pomeridiano, horis pomeridianis.
postpone, v.tr. diffcrre, pro/erre, re(j)iccre ;
see Defer.
postulate, n. sumptio.
posture, n. 1, of body, status, habitus, ges-
f us (all -iis); 2, = condition of affairs, status, -iis,
res, condicio, ratio ; see State.
pot, n. olla; a small — , ollulu. potbel-
lied, adj. ventriosus. potherb, n. olus, -eris,
n. pothook, n. uncus; in writing, uncus
quern, dicunt. pothouse, n. caupona. pot-
Sherd, n. testa, pottage, n. jut, juris, n.
potent, adj. see Powerful, Efficacious.
potentate, n. res, tyrannus; see Sove-
reign.
potential, adj. potentialis (Gram.); see also
Possible.
potion, n. potio ; see Philtre.
potter, n. figulus; a — 's work, opusfiglinum,
opera figlina or fictilia, n. pi. (of several pieces) ;
— 's vessels, earthenware, (opus) figlinum, opera
figlina ; — 's wheel, rota Jigularis or figuli ; — 's
workshop, figlina (Plin.). pottery, n. 1, the
art, ars Jigularis ; 2, — things made; see under
Potter.
pouoh, n. sacculus, saccus ; see Bag.
poultice, n. cataplasma, -atis, n. (Cels.) ;
malagma, -atis, n. (= an emollient — , Cels.) ; a
mustard — , sinapismus.
poultry, n. aves cohortales (kept in the
yard) (Col.), altiles, -ium(= fattened — ). poul-
terer, n. qui altiles vendit.
pounce, v.intr. to — upon ; see Seize.
pound, I. n. 1, libra, (libra) pondo (in weight,
of hard substances), libra mensurd (of liquids);
a bowl the gold of \yhich weighs five — s, patera
ex quinque auri (libris) pondo ; 2, of money, use
libra Anglicana as t.t., but use argentum or
pecv nia where possible ; 3, = enclosure for stray
animals, saeptum publicum. II. v.tr. (con)-
tundere, (wn)terere.
pour, I, v.tr. l,fundere; to — into, infun-
dere in alqd ; to — upon or over, supcrfundere
alci rei. II. v.intr. 1, of rain, (rfjfundi; 2, tig.
to — forth, (ef) fundi, or se (ef)fundere ; 3, to —
along, ferri ; 4, to — off, defundere. pour-
ing, adj. effusus (of rain).
pout, v.intr. perhaps frontem, contrahere (=
to frown).
poverty, n. see Poor.
powder, I. n., in gen., pulvis, -eris; as
medicine, pulvis medicatus. II. v.tr. 1, to
reduce to — , in pulverem contercre (Plin.) ; 2, =
to sprinkle with — , pulvere conspergcre.
power, n. if internal, potentia or vires, -ium,
(= strength) ; if external, vis (= force) or potes-
tas (= authority from office), jus, juris, n.,
potestasque, potestas ac dicio or dicio alone (=
authority), facultas alcjs rei faciendae (— —
of doing anything), copiae, opes, -um, facilitates,
■um(— resources), robur, nervi, larerti (= physi-
cal — ) ; to strive with all one's — , omni ope
eniti ut ; it is in my — , est or jiusituvi or situm
est in med martu, Or potentate ; to reduce under
one's — , suae dicionis facire; to be under
the — of, sub alcjs dicione utque imverio esse ; to
do anything by — , per van fucere alqd; to
possess — , vim habere ; to compel anyone by — -,
■manus inferre alci ; — over persons or a nation,
potestas, imperium (= military — or command) ;
unlimited — , dominatio, summum imperium,
siimmarerum. powerful, adj. 1, physically,
validus, viribvs pollens, robustus, valcns, lacerto-
sus,firmus; 2, in influence, etc., potens, ralens,
validus, gravis (— weighty, of character) ; 3, of
medicine, cjjicax, potens (Plin.) ; 4, of speech,
gravis, nervosus, validus (Quint.). Adv. valide
(not in Cic. or Caes.), yravitcr, vehementer,
valde (= very — ). powerless, adj. invalid us,
impotent, infirmus, imbecillus, languidus, irritiis;
in political sense, cui opes tion suppeditani ; see
Weak, powerlessness, n. imbecillitas, in-
jirmilas; in political sense by circumloc (e.g.
he felt his — , sensit sibi opes deesse) ; see Weak-
ness.
practicable, adj. quod fieri or ejjici potest,
facilis (— easy, opp. difficilis) ; anything is — , res
facilitutem habet; it is not —, fieri or ejfici non
potest, practicability, U. facultas, potestas.
practical, adj. in agendo jxisitus, usu peritus,
ipso -usu perdoctus; — knowledge, usus, -us; to
have a — knowledge of anything, alqd usu cog-
iiitum habere, alqd usu didicisse, alcjs rei vsum
habere ; — use, utilitas (us regards public life).
Adv. (ex) usu ; to learn a thing — , USU discere
alqd. practice, n. 1, — exercise, etc., usus, •fu,
ususrerum(= exercise and experience); exercita-
lio, tractatio, comb, vsus et exercitalio, usus et
traclatio ; to have more — than theory, minus
in studio quam in rebus et usu rersatitm esse ;
we must combine theory and — , discos o]X>rtet et
quud didicisti agendo confirmes ; the — of >tn
attorney, caus(s)arum actio; of a physician,
surgeon, medicinae tisus et tractatio ; 2, =
habit, i/ios, consuetudo ; to make a — of, solere ;
see Custom, practise, v.tr. alqd fucere, exer-
cere, factitare, tractare ; see Practice, prac-
titioner, n. medicus.
praetor, n. praetor, praetorian, adj.
praetorius, praetorianus^Sixc). praetorship,
n. praetura.
pragmatical, adj. molestus, qui res alienas
tractat.
prairie, n. campus.
praise, I. v.tr. laudare (in gen.), laudem
alci tribuere, laudem alci impertire or laude alqm
impertire, laude alqm afficere (= to give — to),
collaudare (with others), dilaudare (very much,
almost too much), praedicare alqm or de alqo
(aloud and openly). II. n. laus, -dis, f . (in a sub-
jective and objective sense), laudalio (=■ a lau-
datory oration), praedicatio (=the act of recom-
mending one for a meritorious deed, esp. openly
and in public, e.g. qiwc praedicatio de med laude
]rraetermissa est) ; they give — and thanks unto
the gods, diis laudes grotesque agunt. praise-
worthy, adj. laudabilis, laude dignus, laudan-
dus, colluudandus, praedicandus : to l>e — , laudi
esse; to bo considered — , laude dignum duet,
laudi duci. Adv. laudatiliter.
prance, v.intr. perhaps viagnifice incedere
(of i person), ex(s)ultare (of a horse).
prank, n. to play — s, perhaps lascivire.
prate, prattle, v. see Babble, Chatter.
pray, v.intr. and tr. 1, precari, preces or
precationC facire (generally ; more poet, prects
pre
822
pre
fundcre), supplicare (humbly, upon one's knees) ;
to God, precari Deum or ad Deum, orare or invo-
cure Deum (=to invoke), Deo supplicate (= to
entreat humbly) ; to — unto God that He, etc.,
•precari a Deo, tit, etc. ; to — for, alqd a Deo precari
or petere ; 2, = to entreat for, in more gen. sense,
(ej)jlagitare, petere, (ex)poscere, imphrare, rogare,
orare alqd ; to — and beseech, rogare atque
orare, petere ac deprecari. prayer, n. prccatio,
mpplicatio, prcces, -urn (= the formulary, book
of common — ), rotorum nwncupattp (in which
we make promises), prayerful, adj. prayer-
fully, adv. suppler, praying, n. prccatio, pri-
ces, -urn, mpplicatio (humble) ; a clay of — and
thanksgiving, supplicatio et gratulutio ; to ap-
point — , supplicatiotiem decemere.
preach, v.tr. and intr. * conUonari (the
usual term in writers after the Reformation),
* praedicare, or orationem (sacram) habere, e
(sacro) suggestu dicere, in caetu Christ iaiim urn
verba facere, de rebus divinis dicere ; to — about,
in the context, dicere de alqd re, oratione ex-
plicare alqd. preacher, n. * praedicator ; —
to deaf ears, monitor non exauditus.
preamble, n, exordium ; see Introduc-
tion'.
precarious, adj. incertus. Adv. parum or
11011 eerto.
precaution, n. cautio, or by verb providcrc,
praecavere,
precede, v.tr. antelre, antegredi, antecedere,
praeire, praegredi. precedence, n. prior
locus; to have the — before anyone, aid ante-
cedcre; to let anyone have the — , aid cedere,
alqm j,riore loco ire jubcre. preceding, adj.
antecedent, praeccdens ; = last, prior, su]>erior;
= the one. immediately before, proximvs. pre-
cedent, n. see Example.
precentor, n. praecantcr (late).
precept, n. praeceplnm (beforehand, what
and how it is to be clone), procscriptum, prae-
scriptio (= rule, made by a higher authority, and
which we have to follow, e.g. naturae, rationis ;
the former the — itself, the latter the act of
prescribing), lex (made into law).
preceptor, n. magister ; see ^jcher.
precincts, n. ambitus, -iis; see Limit, Dis-
trict.
precious, adj. magnificus, splendidits, eyre-
gius, eximius, ptdcherriinus, jncundiisimus, sua-
vissimus ; — stones, gemmae.
precipice, n. Incus prueceps.
precipitate, I. v.tr. praecipitare (from, ex
or de alqo loco, into, etc., in alqm locum, headlong,
lit. and fig.), de(j)icere, from (ab or de)alqo loco,
into, in <dqm locum, deturbare, de or ex alqo loco,
in alqm locum ; to — oneself, sate praecipitare, or
merely praecipitare, or, in the sense of the
middle voice in Greek, praedpitari, from, etc.,
0/50 loco, de or ex alqo loco ; into, in abpn locum;
(e.g. into ruin, in exitium), over, super alqm
locum, se de(j)iccre, se ab(j)icere (= to throw
oneself down from the wall into the sea, c
muro in mare se abjicere), inferri or se Inferre
in cdqd (= to rush into, e.g. in ftammas, in
medios igncs, also fig., e.g. se inferre in capitis
periculum). II. adj. temerarius, praeceps; see
Hasty, Rash. Adv. temrre. precipitancy,
precipitation, n. temeritas ; see Rashness.
precipitous, adj. praeceps, praeruptus.
precise, adj. (_de)finitus (= marked out), ac-
curatus (= accurate), svbtilis (= accurate in the
choice of words). Adv. snbtiliter; = altogether,
plane; by ipse (e.g. ipso in tempore, = — at the
right time); see Exact, Accurate, preci-
sion, n. subtilitas, proprietas vrrborwn ; sec
Accuracy.
preclude, v.tr. see Hinder, Exclude.
precocious, adj. praecox (lit. of fruit, and
fig. post Aug. of talents); see Premature.
preconceived, adj. praejudicatus. pre-
conception, n. scntentia praejiidicata.
preconcerted, adj. ex composito(Jactns,etp.).
precursor, n. praecursor (lit., Hin.), prae-
nuntius, lig.
predatory, adj. piracdatorius.
predecessor, n. in office, decessor (anteces-
sor, only by Jet.) ; he is my — , succedo ei.
predestination, n. praedestinatio (Eccl.).
predestine, v.tr. praedestinare (Liv.; ; in a
theol. sense, praefinire.
predetermine, v.tr. praefinire.
predicable, adj. quod olci rei attribui
potest.
predicament, n. an awkward — , diffi-
cnltas.
predicate, I. n. attributio, attribvtum, res
attrihvta, i/l quod rebiis or personis attribnitur
or attribution est (= to attribute). II. v.tr. alqd
de alqd re praedicare, dicere; sec Say.
predict, v.tr. praedicere ; see Prophesy.
prediction, n. praedictio; see Prophecy.
predilection, n. see Affection.
predispose, v.tr. animum ad alqd prae-
parare or componere. predisposed, adj. pro-
pensus or proclivis ad alqd. predisposition,
n. animi ad aladproclivitas, voluntatis inclinatio,
studium.
predominance, n. 1, = power, potevtia ;
see Power ; 2, = greater number of. by plures.
predominate, v.intr. 1, dominari; 2, plures
esse, predominating, adj. see Chief.
preeminence, n. praestantia, exceUentia.
eminentia. preeminent, adj. iiracslabilis,
praestans, excellcns, praecipuus, summus, optimus,
conspicuus, insignis. Adv. praecipue; see Ha-
PECIALLY.
preexist, v.intr. anteaexstare or esse, pre-
existence, n. by verb.
preface, I. n. prooemium (= introduction),
praefatio (in disputations, to ask permission or
to apologise, etc. ; then = written — to a book);
— to a book, prooemium libri (not ad librum),
prooemium libra additum. II. v.tr. praefari ( =
both to write a — and to make one in speaking),
praefationem dicere (in speaking), prooemium
scribere (= to write), prefatory, adj. to make
a few — remarks, pauca praefari.
prefect, n. praefecfus. prefecture, n.
praefectura.
prefer, v.tr. 1, praeponere, anteponere, prae-
ferre, anteferrc(\n gen.), alqm jioiissimnm diligere
(= to esteem very highly), alqd alci rei posthabere
(= to hold one thing inferior to another) ; prae-
optare with infin. (= to wish rather), mnlle
with infin. (to wish rather, e.g. mori maluit);
2, sec Promote ; 3, see Accuse, preferable, -
adj. potior, praeoptandus, praestabilior, or by
compar. of any adj. = excellent ; see Good,
Excellent. Adv. potius. preference, n.
by verb Prefer, preferment, n. by special
name, of office (e.g. consxdatns), or by honos (=
office).
prefix, I. v.tr. praeponere, anteponere; prae-
scribere. (in writing). II. n. syllaba ante-
posita.
pregnancy, n. praegnaiio (of a female with
child), graviditas (more advanced, Cic). preg-
nant, adj. 1, praegnans (in gen. of women and
pre
823
pre
animals, fig. = full of anything), gravida (in a
more advanced state), gruviiluta (fig.) ; to be
— , gravidam or praegnatum esse, ventrem fern,
partum ferre or (jest are ; to be — by anyone,
gravulam esse ex alio; 2, of language, pressus
(concise) ; of events, magni or inaximi moment i ;
see Importance.
prehensile, adj. quod ad prehendendum
aptutn or accommodatum est.
prejudge, v.tr. j'ri-us judicare quam alqs
alqd sciat.
prejudice, I. n. opinio praejudicata, alqd
praejudicaii, opinio praesumpta (preconceived) ;
opinio pram (= wrong opinion), opinio Jicta ( =
a false opinion, in the context often simply
opinio — erroneous opinion), opinionis commen-
tum(= fanciful dream); a — still more confirmed
through the teaching of others, opinio conjir-
mate; to have a — against anyone, male de
alqo opinari ; to come anywhere with a — ,
alqd praejudkati efferre. II. v.tr. alqm tiki sus-
pectum reddere, alqm or alcjs animuin alienum,
redden or alienare ab alqo; to become — d
against anyone, ak alqo alienari ; to become
— d, ab alqo alieiuttum esse, ab alqo animo
esse alieno or averso, very much, ab alqo animo
esse avcrsissimo. prejudicial, adj. sec In-
jurious.
prelate, n. * episcopus.
preliminary, adj. see Prefatory.
prelude, I. n. 1, prooemivm; 2, fig. pro-
htsio, praclusio atque praccursio (Plin. Jlin.).
II. v.tr. 1, perhaps pronemium cane re (fixing
sense by context) ; 2, fig- nuntiare ; see An-
nounce.
premature, adj. 1, lit. praematurvs, prae-
cox (Plin.), immalurus; 2, fig. praematnrus,
} praecox, imnwturus, praepropenis. Adv. prae-
mature.
premeditate, v.tr. praemeditari{ = to think
over beforehand); — d act, quod ex consulto
fit. premeditation, a praemedUatio ; see
Purpose.
premier, n. = prime minister, perhaps penes
quern est summit reijmblicuc.
premise, v.tr. praefari. premises, n.
aedificium (or in pi.), damns, -us (irreg.); see
House, Building.
premiss, n. propositio (major), assumpHo
(minor), premisses, n. coneessa, -orum, or «i
quae antecesserunt.
premium, n. praemimn.
premonition, n. monitio, monitum. pre-
monitory, adj. quod praemonet.
preoccupy, v. praeoccujjare (= to seize
beforehand), in pass, to be — ied, totum alci rei
deditum. esse, preoccupation, n. praeoccu-
patio (lit.), animus alci rei deditus (fig.).
preparation, n. praeparatio (in gen.) ap-
paratio'= a getting ready everything), praemedi-
tatio^ = premeditation, e.g. futwrorum malorum),
meditatio ( = the preparing of a lesson, etc.), com-
mentatio (=the thinking over anything, e.g. a
play, a speech) ; — for a war, apparatus, -iis, belli;
to make — for a war, helium (ap)parare. pre-
paratory, adj. quod alqd parol ; see Prepare.
prepare, v.tr. praeparare (for a future object),
{<>p)parare (= to get everything ready), instru-
ere (= to provide everything necessary) ; to —
oneself for, se pea-are, se praeparare ad alqd
(in gen.), (ap)parare alqd (= to make preparation
for), animum praeparare ad alqd, seoTanimttm
componere ad alqd (to — one's mind), ante medi-
tari alqd, praemeditari alqd (= to think over, a
lesson, etc.1 commentari alqd (= to think over,
e.g. a plan, a sermon) ; to — for war, se parare ad
helium, helium, parare or apparare, belli appara-
turn iustruere.
preponderance, preponderate, n.,
v.intr., see Predominance, Predominate.
prepossess, v.tr. capire or ocrupare(- to
preoccupy, to get the start of anything, to cause
it to be in one's favour), ddenire, permulcire (to
win over) ; to — anyone's mind for anyone,
animuin. alcjs comiliare ad hcnevolcntiam crga
alqm. prepossessing, adj. see Agreeable,
Charming, prepossession, n. se ate ntia prae-
judicata; see Prejudice.
preposterous, adj. praeposterus; see Per-
verse.
prerequisite, n. sec Requisite.
prerogative, n. quod alci proprium est.
presage, I. v.tr. portendere(= to foreshow),
praesagire ( = to forebode) ; see Foretell, Pro-
phesy, Forebode. II. n. praesugixnn.
Presbyter, n. 'presbyter.
prescient, adj. \ praesciens, or sagax; see
Wise.
prescribe, v.tr. praescribert (— to order, and
of a doctor), prescription, n. 1, = custom,
tisus, -iis; 2, = medical, viedicameuti praesarip-
tio. -prescriptive, adj. —right, perhaps jus
ex usu factum.
presence, n. 1, praesentia ; frequent — ,
assiduitas; in anyone's — , coram alqo praesente
(but apud alqm when addressing anyone, e.g.
dicere, loqui, verba facrre apud alqm); 2, — of
mind, perhaps animus a/l omnia paratus. pre-
sent, I. adj. render by circumloc, as rpii tame
est, qui hodieest; the — Consul, qui nuncConsul
est; my scholar and now my friend, discipulus
mens, nunc amicus; the — state of things, hie
renm status. Praesens, = that which prevails
and continues now in contrast with that which
prevailed or will prevail at another time.
Instans, to signify that which is imminent or
at hand; "the — " is represented by hie;
haec tempera, = the — time ; according to the —
silly custom, more hoc insulso ; at — , in prae-
scnti; for me — , in praesens (tempus); the —
tense, praesens lempits (Gram.) ; to be — , adesse,
interesse. Adv. mox (- soon), statim (= imme-
diately). II. v.tr. to — anus, telwn trigSre hon-
oris caus{s)a; sec Give, Introduce. III. n.
sec Gift.
presentiment, n. \praesagivm (absolute
or with gen.) and pratsagitio (absolute, as ;i
faculty within us) ; see Forebode.
preserve, I. v.tr. 1, nutinere, mstentare (in
gen. to keep up, e.g. the world, health), by any-
thing, «/'/(l re; serrare, conservare (= to — so as
to keep it, e.g. property, rem familiarcm cons., =
to save), tueri (= to have an eye upon, to guard
from falling, also to keep a building in repair, also
= to entertain, keep), comb, tueri et conscrrure,
alere (through nursing ; then in gen. = to keep),
comb, alere et susUntare, sustentare ct alere, one s
health, M let ud inem tueri .; see Keep, Save ; 2,
= to conserve, condire. II. n. = consei ve, fruc-
tus, -its, conditus. preserver, n. (con)se>-raror
(fern, conserratrix), sedutis auctor. preserva-
tion, n. conscrratio, Initio (= the act), salus r
-utis, f., incolumitas (= safety); the desire of
self-— is innate in every being, omni amniaU
primus ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus a
naturo dates at, se ut conservet (Cic.).
preside, v.intr. praaiaen ; to — at, alci rei
praesidcre, alci rei praeesse. presidency, n.
prae/ertura or in certain cases (e.g. the Indian
Presidencies), provincia. president, n.praeses,-
pre
824
pri
.Wis (= who presides), pnnceps, caput (= head) ;
— ut a trial, qui jndicio protest.
press, I. n. 1, = a macliine for pressing,
prelum (in gen. use it also for printing — ), tor-
cular (for wine, etc.); 2, fig. e.g. freedom of
the — , libertas or licentia alcjs rei scribendae or
edendae. II. v.tr. 1, in a machine, prelo premere,
prelo alqd sub(j)ic&re ; 2, = to squeeze, premere,
comprimere; 3,= to urge, to — upon, alqmurgere,
prendre, alci instare, alqm rexare (= to worry),
jrropellere (= to drive forward); his creditors
— ed him, ei instabant creel itores; to be — ed by
business, occu-prttionibus distineri; 4, = to per-
suade, alci instare, alqd ab alqo (ex)pctere ; 5,
= to enlist by force, nautas vi comparare.
III. v.intr. to — forward, contendere (e.g. to the
camp, in castra; to go to Rome, Romam ire);
see Hasten, press-gang, n. giti nautas vi
comparant. pressing, adj. magni or rnaximi
moment L, gravis ; see Important, Urgent.
pressure, n. 1, lit. pressio (Yitr.), pressus, -us,
compressio.impet us,nisus, -us ; 2, flg.by circuinloc.,
e.g. under — of danger, instunte periculo or
periculo coactus.
prestige, u. nomen (= mere name), gloria,
fama ; see Fame, Reputation.
presume, v.intr. 1, = to take liberties, be ar-
rogant, sibi arrogare, sumere ut ; 2, = to assume
(a thing to be true, etc.), putare; see Suppose.
presumption, n. 1, arrogantia ; see Inso-
lence ; 2, = conjecture, conjectura; there is a
— in favour of anyone, perhaps hoc pro or ab
alqo stat. presumptive, adj. quod ex con-
jecturd cognitum est, opinabilis. Adv. ex con-
jecturd. presumptuous, adj. arrogant ; see
Insolent. Adv. arroganter. presumptu-
ousness, n. see Presumption.
pretence, n. simulatio, species, verba, -orum
(mere words, opp. to reality) ; without — , sine
fuco ac fallaciis. pretend, v.tr. and intr. simu-
lare ; they — ed that they wanted to go hunting,
and left the town, per speciem vena ncli urbe egressi
sunt, pretended, adj. simulatus, opinatus
(= imaginary), flatus ; see False, Imaginary.
pretender, n. 1, simulator ; 2, one who
claims tlie throne, qui regnum sibi arrogat.
pretension, n. 1, postulatio; just — , jus ; 2,
ostentatio ; see Pomp, Display.
preterite, n. praeterUum {tempus) (Grain.).
preternatural, adj. and adv. quod praetcr
naturam, praeter modum or mirabili quodam
modojit.
pretext, n. «nis(s)u, praescriptio, titulus,
nomen (= title, false name), simulation the pre-
tending of something), species (when we make
anything bad appear as if it was something very
innocent); under the — of, per caus(s)am alcjs
rei, nomine or simulatione or simulation* at que
nomine alcjs rei, per simulationem alcjs rei, simu-
late alqd re, specie or per speciem alcjs rei.
pretty, adj. bellus (proper term), puleher,
pulchellus (= rather — , both of persons and
things), formosus (= well-shaped, of persons),
lejridus (= neat, of persons and things), venustus
(= charming, of persons and things), festivus (=
graceful, elegant), bonus (= not inconsiderable,
of a quantity). Adv. belle, pulchrc, formose, le-
pide, Jestive, venuate. prettiness, n. see
Beauty.
prevail, v.intr. esse(= to be), obtinere (fama
obtinuit, Li v.), adducere alqm.ut( = to persuade),
multum, plus valere or pollere (= to have much
force), with anyone, apudalqm; morbus crescit, the
disease — s ; to — on oneself, se ipsum vincere ; I
cannot — on myself to, etc., a me impetrare non
possum ut faciam, etc. (so non possum adducivt
credam; =1 cannot be — ed upon to believe); to
— over, superare, vincere; to be — ed upon "by
entreaties, precious flecti (Liv.) ; a — ing or pre-
valent opinion, opinio vulgata. prevalent,
adj. (per)vulgatus, communis.
prevaricate, v.intr. tergiversari. preva-
rication, n. tergiversutio ( = shift) ; see Lie.
prevent, v.tr. prohibere ne or quominus im-
pedire, obstare ; see Hinder, prevention, n,
prohibitio (rare, or by verb), preventive,
adj. quod alqd impedit or alci rei obstat.
previous, adj. see Preceding.
prey, I. n. praeda ; beast of — , fera. II.
v.intr. praedari ; to — upon, alqm bestiam venari,
alqd besiid vesci (= to feed upon) ; i:g. animum,
etc.,(ex)edere, consumere.
price, I. n. pretium; annona (= — of corn) ;
to tix the — , pretium facere, indicare (of the sel-
ler); the — asked with the abl. ; so at a high, low
— ,magno, parvo(pretio), so too gen. magni, parvi,
etc. ; what is the — ? quanti indicas? quant i hoc
vendis ? (when we ask the seller) ; quanti hue con-
stat? (= what does that cost? when we ask a
person the value of anything); I agree with him
about the — , convenit mihi cum alqo de pretio ; the
— has fallen, 'pretium alcjs rei jacet ; to raise the
— , pretium alcjs rei efferre or augere. II. v.tr.
pretium alci constituere, jrretium merci statucre,
pretium enumerare or pacisci. priceless, adj.
inaestiiMibilis.
prick, I. v.tr. pungere (of anything that
stings, also gen. of sharp pain), stimulate (with
a sharp-pointed stick, e.g. box<em), mordere (=
to bite, of a pain, e.g. of a flea or a fly); to
— with a needle, acu pungere; to— up one's
ears, aures erigere or arrigcrc. II. n. puuetus,
-its (Plin.), or by verb, prickle, n. aculeus,
spina (= thorn), prickly, adj. aculeatus, spin-
osus.
pride, n. superbia (= haughtiness), spiritus,
-iis (- high spirit), insolentia (= arrogance, in-
solence), conhimacia (= obstinacy), arrogantia
(= arrogance), fastidinm (when we treat those
around us with contempt), faslus, -us (= be-
haviour of a person towards one with whom he
disdains to have any intercourse).
priest, n. sacerdos (in gen. also = priestess),
antistes (also = priestess), flamen(jbt one particu-
lar god, e.g. flamen Dialis) ; high — , pontiff,
pont'ifex maximus. priestcraft, n. ratio sacer-
dotum. priestess, n. see Priest, priest-
hood, n. sneerdotium. priestly, adj. by the
genit. sacerdotis or sacerdotum. priestridden,
adj. sacerdotibus subjectus.
prig, n. perhaps qui se nimium jactat.
prim, adj. perhaps de se nimium sol(l)icitns
or de moribus diligentior.
primal, primeval, adj. see Ancient.
primary, adj. primus, principalis; the — -
meaning of a word, natnrulis et principalis verhi
eignificotio (Quint.) ; = chief, praecipmis. Adv.
primo (= at first), praecipue (= chiefly).
primate, n. primas (EccL).
prime, I. adj. 1, primus = first ; 2, = ex-
cellent, eximius, nptimus.- II. n. 1, = the best
of anything, flos; 2, — of life, aetas vigens.
prime-minister, n. is penes quern summa-
rerum est.
primitive, adj. 1, = original, prisons, an-
tupius; 2, see Primary.
primogeniture, n. aetatis privilegium
(.Tct).
prince, n. 1, adulescens (adol-) or juveni3
regii generis, puer or juvenis regius (= a young
man of royal blood, son of a king, etc.), //ins
principis, filius regis or regius; 2, = king, ?'e.r;
pri
825
pro
see Sovereign, princess, n. mulier regit
generis, mulier regiu semine orta, regia virgo;
daughter of .1 king, etc., filia regis or regia.
principal, I. adj. primus, priueeps, princi-
palis, praecipuus ( = chief). Adv. maxime, prae-
cipue, ante omnia, imprimis, praesertim, maxi-
mum ixirtem (= for the most part). II. n.
1, = head of a school, magister; 2, = capital,
opp. to interest, caput, sors, pecuniae, nummi.
principality, n. terra principis imperii) sub-
jccta.
principle, n. 1, = beginning, principium,
elementum, primordia, -orum; 2, = rule of
conduct, dogma, -dlis, v., decretum (in anyone's
mode of action) ; consilium( = a rule to act upon,
and which is based upon sound reasoning),
praeceplum (= precept, rule, to serve as a guide
in our actions, also of a philosopher, Hor.), dis-
ciplina, institution, institutio( = what has become
a — through habit), comb, ratio et institutio mea,
praccepta institutaque philosophiae, sententia (=
opinion), judicium (- judgment), regula alcjs rei
or ad quam alqd dirigitur (never without genit.
of object, e.g. eadem utilitalis quae hoiiestatis est
regula), lex{= law); the highest moral — , sum-
viumbonum, ultimum or finis bonorum; a man of
firm — , homo constans (= true to his character),
homo gravis (always acting upon — , and accord-
ing to what is right), so gravitas = — ; a man
of vacillating — , homo levis ; a. man of strict
— , homo sevcrus ; a man who acts according
to his own — , vir sui judicii (because it is
his conviction), vir sui arbitrii (because he
thinks fit) ; from — , ratione (= according to the
adopted — ), judicio, animi quodam judicio ( =
from a certain conviction), doctrind (as the result
of one's studies, inquiries, etc., opp. naturd, from
a natural feeling) ; always to remain true to
one's — , sibi constarc.
print, I. n. = an impression, impressio. II.
v.tr. exprimere alqd alqd re or in alqd re ; to — a
book, librumtypis describere, exscribere, exprimere.
printer, n. typographies, printing-press,
11. prelum typographicum.
prior, I. adj. jirior; see Early, Before,
Preceding. II. n. (of a monastery), in gen.
antistus, -itis, m., * prior, or magister. prior-
ess, n. priorissa.
prism, n. * prisma, -dlis, u. (late), pris-
matic, adj. *prismaticus (as t.t.).
prison, n. custodia (lit. = act of guarding ;
then the place), career, -eris, m. (= a public — ),
ergaslulum (= a place commonly below ground,
where slaves were made to work in chains),
vinculo, -orum, 11. (= chains) ; to cast into — , in
custodiam or in vinculo, or in ergastulum. mittere,
in custodiam (or in vincula) mittere, tradcre,
coiulere, con(j)iccre, in custodian (or in carccrem)
dare, indudcre, custodiae or vinculis mamlare ;
to take to — , in custodiam or in vincula, (de)du-
cere; to be (confined) in — , in custodid esse or
servari, custodid teneri, in carcere or in vinadis
esse, prisoner, 11. captus, -a (in gen.) ; taken
— (in war), bello captus, captivus, -a; by the
police, comprchensus, -a.
pristine, adj. 2^ristinus, prisons (- ancient),
prior (= former).
prithee ! interj. (die) quaeso, tandem, cedo.
privacy, 11. solitudo; see Secrecy, pri-
vate, I. adj. privalus (referring to a single
individual, etc., opp. publicus), proprius (only
referring to the person himself, not to all, opp.
communis), domcsticus(= domestic, opp. forensis),
comb, domesticus el privatus, secrctus( = secret,
without witnesses, opp. apertus); — affairs, res
privata or domestiea or Onmestica et privata ;
yecv.lium, quod sui juris est (Jet.) ; — enemy,
inimicits (opp. host is) ; a— life, vita privata (In
gen.), historia vitae privatae (= history of one's
— life), vita otiosa ( = having no business to
attend to), vita umbrutUis ( = easy life in re-
tirement). Adv. dam, secreto, occulte, remolis
arbitris (— without spectators), privatim (= in
a private capacity). II. n. in the army, miles.
privateer, n. navis (praedatoria). priva-
tion, u. privatio ( = act of — ), inopia, egestas,
pavpertas(= need); see Poverty, privative,
adj. />r(«<(im<s (Gram.).
privilege, n. 1, = a particular right, privU
legiuia (granted by special authority), beneficium,
commodum (= any right, whereby a person de-
rives a particular benefit; bene/, when it is
granted, comm. when it has been obtained ; all
three Jet.) ; 2, = exemption from a burden,
immunilas, gratia, muuus, -eris, n., beneficium
(= favour) ; see Favour, privileged, adj.
priyilegiarius (Jet.) ; = exempt from, immunis.
privy, I. adj. see Private, Secret. II.
n. sella (familiarica). privy-council, n. in
imperial times consistoriani. privy-purse,
11. fiscus.
prize, I. n. praemium, palma; to fix a — ,
pracmium (pro)ponere. II. v.tr. mugui aesti-
mare or facere. prize-fighter, n. qui prae-
mio proposito contendit, or pugil (= boxer).
pro and con, in ntramque partem.
probable, adj. probubilis, veri similis (or as
one word, verisim-). Adv. probabiliter, verishni-
liter (verisim-). probability, n. lyrobabilitas,
verisimilitude (verisim-).
probation, n. probatio; a time of — , tempus
ad alcjs Jacultatcs experiendas constitution, pro-
bationer, n. alumnus (fein. -a).
probe, I. n. specillum. II. v.tr. see £x-
amine.
probity, n. probitas. ■
problem, n. quaestio. problematical,
adj. dubius, incertus; see Doubtful.
proboscis, n. proboscis (Plin.), manus, -us,
f. (of an elephant).
proceed, v.intr. 1, progredi ; see Go ; 2, =
to come from, oriri; 3, = to act, agcre, facere;
see Act ; 4, -<-• — against, litem alci intendcre.
proceeding, n. ratio ; legal — , actio; to com-
mence — s, actionem alci intendere ; = transac-
tions, acta, -orum. proceeds, n. reditus,
•iis, fructus, -us.
process, n. ratio = course of proceedings,
actio (~ — at law); in — of time, (procedente)
tempore.
procession, n. in gen. pompa ; at a funeral,
pompa funebris ; to hold a — , pompam ducere.
proclaim, v.tr. declarare (e.g. public shows,
muncra), cdicere (lit. of authorities = to make
known a law, etc., but also = to decree in gen.),
promulgare (= to make generally known, a law,
etc.), proponere(— to placard, e.g. edictum, etc.),
praediccrc (through tlie herald), pronuntiare (=
to announce), proclamation, n. 1, the act
of — , pronuntiatio, declaratio, praedicatio ; 2,
= tlie thing proclaimed, edictum; libellus (5= a
written — ).
proclivity, n. proclivitas, but better by
circumloc. (e.g. he has a -tt to do anything, est
1 jm alqd facere), r
proconsul, n. pro consulc (also, but less
often, proconsul), proconsular, adj. proem-
sularis.
procrastinate, v.tr., procrastination,
11. sic Delay.
procreate, v.tr. procrcare. procreation,
n. procrcatin '
pro
826
pro
procure, v.tr. (com)parare(= to see that any-
thing is ready, for oneself or for others, e.g.
auctoritatem, gloriam, servos, also money), afi'erre
(= to bring, also of tilings, e.g. auctoritatem, utili-
totem, consolationem), acquirers (after difficulty,
e.g. quod ad vitac itsitm pertinet, dignitatem, ojies,
divitias), conciliare (= to collect together, e.g.
legiones pecunid, silri benevohntiam akjs, aid
favorem ad vnlgus), expedire (= to manage to get,
e.g. pecunias), prospkere (=to provide for, e.g.
idei kabitationem, aid maritum); see Get, (Jain,
Obtain, procurator, n. procurator ; see
Manage, Manager, procurer, n. leno.
procuring, n. comparatio, conciliatio.
prodigal, adj. see Extravagant, pro-
digality, n. effusio (as act), sumptits efiitsi
or profusi- (as luxury), profusa lltxuria (— great
luxury) ; see Extravagance.
• prodigious, adj. ingens; see Enormous.
prodigy, n. res rnira or mirabilis, miraculum.
produce, I. v.tr. 1, = to bring forward, pro-
fern, exhibere ; cdere (= to publish); 2, = to
bring into existence, (pro)crearc (of living beings
and of the earth ; then = to cause, e.g. danger),
gignere, parere, generate (= to bring forth, of
living beings), (e.f)ferrc, (if)fundcrc (of nature,
also of the earth, of a field, etc. ; fundere, effun-
dcre, always with the idea of abundance), fad-re,
ejjiccre (with the hand, by art and skill). II,
n. of the earth, quae terra gignit or parit, ca
quae gignuntur e terra (in gen.), fructus, -us,
reditus, -us, by circumloc. id quod agri efferunt
(of the fields), product, n. in arithmetic,
summa quae ex multiplication rffecta est;
see also Production, production, n. opus,
-iris, n. (= work); of art, opera et artificia;
whether this is a — of nature or of art, sire est
naturae hoc sire artis. productive, adj. 1,
fertilis; see Fruitful; 2, — of, akjs rei effi-
cient, productiveness, n. see Fertility.
proem, n. prooemium.
profane, I. v.tr. t profanare, profanum
facere, violare, poUuere. II. adj. pro/amis (opp.
sacrum), impius (= impious) ; — history, his-
toria rcrum a populis gestarum. Adv. impie.
profanation, profaneness profanity,
n. impktas.
profess, v.tr. profitcri ; to — the Christian
religion, Christum sequi, doctrinam GJiristianam
sequi; to — to belong to a certain school, persequi
with aecus. (e.g.Acadcmiam) ; =to assert that one
is something that one is not, se alqd esse simu-
lare. professed, adj. by circumloc. (e.g. a
— Christian, qui se Christianum esse elicit), or
by manifest-as, apertus; see Manifest. Adv.
per speciem, simulation* akjs rei (= by pretence).
profession, n. 1, = declaration, professio or
by se alqd (esse) profitcri (e.g. Christianum (esse);
— in opp. to practice, verbo (opp. re(verd));
2, = employment, munus, -en's, n. professor,
n. professor (eloquentiae, etc., Plin., Suet.), better
qui alqd docet. professorship, n. by Pro-
fessor.
proffer, v.tr. promittere ; see Offer.
proficiency, n. by scientia (= knowledge),
facilitas (= readiness), proficient, adj. eru-
ditus, doctus (= learned), sciens akjs rei (— skil-
ful) ; to be — , multum, parvm, etc., proficere;
see Skilful.
profile, ii. faciei latus alierum, imago obliqua
(= likeness in — , Plin.); in the pi. also by the
t,t, catagrapha, -orum, n. (Karaypafya (= — por-
trait, Plin.).
profit, I. n. 1, = material — , lucrum, quaest-
tts, fructus, reditus (all -us), emolument-am, com-
pendium(by Baying) j 2, lig. compendium, fructus.
quaestus (rare) ; to make much — , multum profi-
cere ; see Progress. II. v.intr. 1, = to be ser-
viceable to, ad alqd proficere, old (rei) prodesse,
conducere, adesse (of men =to support, so alipn ;'»-
rare); 2, = to make progress, proficere ; 3, = to
make gain, quaestuosum esse, fructum ferre ; see
Profitable, profitable, adj. 1, lit. quaes-
tuosus, fructuosus, lucrosus, frugifcr (of lands);
see Fruitful; 2, fig. fructuosus, frugifer, utilis.
Adv. utilikr. profitless, adj. = useless, inu-
tilis, vanus, futilis, irritus; see Useless. Adv.
frustra, incassum (— in vain).
profligacy, I. n. animus perdilus, nequitia>
fiagitium; see Vice. II. n. homo jlagitiosits,
etc. ; 7(owo scelestus, (con)sceleratus (=one who
has committed crime), homo perditus or profii-
gatus (=, incorrigible), profligate, adj. ftagiti-
osus,iritiosU8, mains, turpis, libidinosus, perditus,
ncquam, sceleratus, scelestus. Adv. flagitiose,
male, libidinosc, perdite, nequitcr, turpitcr, ne-
farie, scclerate, scekste.
pro forma, adv. dicis caus(s)a.
profound, adj. altus, profundus (lit. and
lig.). Adv. penitus, prorsvs ; see Altogether.
profundity, n. altitudo (lit. and lig.).
profuse, adj. see Extravagant, Lavish.
progenitor, u. parens.
progeny, n. progenies; see Offspring.
prognostic, n. signum; to be a — of, alqd
praenuntiare. prognosticate, v.tr. see Fore-
bode.
programme, n. libellus.
progress, I. n. 1, = journey, iter, itineris,
n. ; quite a royal — , velvt rex iter fackbat ; 2,
= advance, 2>rogressus, -iis, progressio, processus,
■us; to make much or little — , multum or
parum proficere. II. v.intr. 1, progredi ; see Ad-
vance ; 2, = to improve, proficere. progres-
sion, n. progressio, progressus, -us; see Pro-
gress, progressive, adj. qui, quae, quod
progreditur. Adv. gradatim, pedetemtim (pede-
tent-).
prohibit, v.tr. rehire; see Forbid, pro-
hibition, n. interdictum ; to issue a — , in-
terdicere alci alqd re or ne. prohibitive,
prohibitory, adj. qui, quae, quod vetat.
project, I. n. consilium (= plan), inceptum,
p>ropositum(— proposal), iustitutum. II. v.intr.
prominlre, cminZre, exstare, prc{j)ici, projectnm
esse, projectile, n. (ielum) missile, projec-
tion, n. by verb, projector, n. auctor.
proletariat, n. proletarii.
■prolific, adj. see Fruitful.
prolix, adj. longus (= long, opp. brevis, of
persons -and things), copiosus (= full), verbosus
(= making too many words), m ultus (only of per-
sons) ; see Lonc. prolixity, by adj. Prolix.
prologue, n. prologus.
prolong, v.tr. p>i'orogare, piropagare (— to —
the time of, e.g. vmperium in annum), produccrc
(=to draw out), extenders (= to extend, e.g. alqd
ad noctem), continvarc (=to continue, e.g.- mill-
tiam, alci consulatummagistratum), trahcrc(=to
— more than we should, e.g. betlum), proferre
(=.to put off, e.g. diem), prolatare(= to protract,
e.g comitia). prolongation, n. prodttctio
(in gen.), prorogatio, propagalio (e.g. vitae), pro-
latio (e.g. diet), prolonged, adj. longus,
diuturnus.
promenade, n. ambulat io (both of act and
place).
prominence, n. 1, prominentia, eminentia
(=a standing out); 2, lig. of rank, etc. fama.
gloria or by alqm abid repraesiarc; see Sue..
pro
827 pro
pass, prominent, adj. and adv. by promi-
nire, eminere (= to be raised above ; also fig. = to
distinguish oneself, e.g. inter omnes), Restore (= to
stand out, lit. e.g. capite solo ex aqua), excellere
(lig. = to excel in, alqd re or in altjd re), prae-
stare or superarc alqm algd re (lig. = to be
superior in).
promiscuous, adj. promiscuus. Adv. pro-
iniscue.
promise, I. v.tr. ulci algd or de algd re pro-
mittere, polliceri, alqd (in se) recipcre ; = to take
upon oneself, pollicitari (frequent.), (de)sjx»t-
dire (formally, by being legaliy bound), (dci
alqd ; also comb, promittere et spondere, pro-
ppuere (as reward, e.g. servis Ubertatem), pro-
nuntiure (publicly); "I — that," or "I — to,"
rendered ill Latin by the aecus. and infill, (gen.
the fut. inhn., seldom the pres. infin.), e.g. pro-
vtillo or polliceor me hoc fact urum esse. II. v.intr.
= to be likely (e.g. he — s to be a great speaker,
veri simile est earn fiUurum esse oratorem. III. n.
promissio,2>ollicitatio(thc act), fules(=\\oril), -pro-
mission (= the thing promised); to give anyone, a
— to, etc., alci promittere or polliceri, with aecus.
and fut. infin. ; to keep, redeem a — , promissum
or fidemfucere or efficire or praestare or servare
or (cx)sohere or persolvere, promisso stare or satis-
facire, quod promisi or iwllicilus sum or quod
promissum est (ob)servare or efficere, quod promis-
sum est tenia; promissifidem praestare. prom-
ising, adj. by cireuinloc. (e.g. a — pupil, puer
industiius ; a — cm}), seges fcrtilis). promis-
sory, adj. — note, chirographum.
promontory, u, promo ntorium, a small — ,
lingua, li(n)gulu.
promote, v.tr. (ad)juvare alqm or alqd,
tuljuinento esse alci rei, udjutorern or (in the
fem.) adjutriccm esse alcjs rei or in alqd re (in
gen. =; to give any assistance) ; alcjs rei esse (ad)-
ministrum (in a bad sense = to be an abettor),
augcre alqm or alqd (= to increase), alci or alci rei
I'avcre, fovire alqd (= to favour), alci or aid rei
consulere, prospicere (^ to take care of), alci pro-
desse(— to be of use), consilio, studio, opera adesse
alci(= to assist anyone by advice and by acting);
to — anyone's interest, servire alcjs commodis,
rebus or rationibus alcjs consulere, pros])iccre;
to — the common interest, saluti reipublicae
consulere, rempublicam juvarc, tueri, reipublicae
salutem suscipcre (= to try to — ); =to — in
office, anyone, tollere, augcre, attollere (anyone's
reputation among his fellow-citizens), fovcre (by
ftctually favouring him), (ex)ornare (= to dis-
tinguish), gratia et auctoritute sua sustcntare (to
raise through one's personal influence), pro-
ducere ad dignitatem (=to — to a higher rank),
promovere ad or in muuus or ad (superiorem)
locum (= to — to an office, Imperial Rome), mtt-
ncri praejiccre (— to appoint to an office, to set
over); tra(us)ilucire alqm ill ampliorem ordinem
or ex inferiore online in superiorem ordinem (a
military office), promotor, n. auctor, adjutor,
faulor. promotion, n. — of our welfare,
amplijicatio nostra rum rerum; — to a higher
office, amplior honoris gradus, -us, dignitatis
accessio, officium amplius.
prompt, I. adj. promptus. Adv. cito ; see
Quicklv. II. v. U: alqd alci sub(j)icire. promp-
ter, n. qui alqd ctlci sub(j)icit. promptitude,
promptness, u. celtritas; see Quickness,
Readiness.
. promulgate, v.tr. promulgare. promul-
gation, n. promulgate.
prone, adj. 1, = flat, promts ; 2, = tending
to, promts, proclivis, propensus ad alqd. prone-
ness, n. procli vitas (rare), or by adj.
prong, n, dens, -tis, m. (of a fork).
pronoun, n. pronomen (Gram.).
pronounce, v.tr. letters, etc., enuntiare, ex-
primere,dicere (= to utter with the voice), lit(t)erat
sonis enuntiare ; to — one word after the other,
verba conlinuare ; it is difficult to — , haud facile
dictu est ; = to utter formally, efferre verbis ; ex-
plicate, explanare verbis (= to explain in words);
to — a sentence, an opiuion, sententiam dicers, scu-
tentiam pronuutiare (= to announce the verdict
of the judge), pronunciation, n. apjKllatio
(~ the — of a letter, etc.); pronuntkUio (Quint,
always = actio, i.e. the whole recitation); locutio
(= t lie act of speaking), vox (= the voice of the
person that speaks), vocis sonus, in the context
sonus (— the tone of the voice).
proof, n. tentamen(— trial) ; =theact of prov-
ing, probutio, demonstratio (=a strict — of any-
thing ; also in mathematics), argumentatio (— by
giving clear reasons) ; the — of it is difficult,
difficile estprobattt;, = that by which anything is
proved (sign in gen.), signum, indicium, documen-
turn, specimen (the foregoing two = specimen, ex-
ample, sample ; but specimen never in the plur. in
ancient writers) ; = reasons which serve as a — ,
argument urn (= reason founded upon facts); ratio
(= reasonable grounds) ; to give — , argumetda
or rationes afferre ; to bring forward many — s for
the existence of a Supremo Being, multis argu-
ments Deum esse ihjcere ; very often urgumentvui
is left out in Latin when an adj. is used in
English (e.g. the strongest — is, firmissimum hoc
ufferri videtur, quod, etc.). prove, 'I. v.tr. =
to show, significare, ostendcre, declarare, (com)-
probare, praestare (= to perform what we are ex-
pected to do); to — anything by one's actions,
alqd praestare re, algd comprobare re ; to — one-
self as, etc., se praebere alqm, exhibire ahpn (e.g.
as a friend of the people, exhibire virum civileui),
se praestare alqm ( = to — oneself really to be,
etc.); = to show by reasoning, docire, (argu-
meutis) dettiottstrarc (= to show, demonstrate in
every point, by logical reasons), (con)firmus,
generally firmare(= to assert, affirm by reason' ],
probare alci alqd (— to — to anyone the possi-
bility of a tiling), efficire (= logically to — that
anything can be done), evincire (= to — beyond
all doubt) ; this is — d by showing that, etc.,
ejus rei testimonium est, quod, etc. ; this — s no-
thing, nullum verum id argumentttm ; the result
— d it, exitus approbavit ; the mode of proving
anything, probationis genus, -iris, n., argumen-
tations genus, via, ratio probatidi (= way in
which anything can be — d), argumentatio (=
argumentation), ratio (= manner in which we
proceed in proving anything, Cic). II. v.intr. =
to turn out, .fieri, evadire. proven, p. part. e.g.
not — , non liquet.
prop, I. n. 1, lit. adminiculum (in gen.),
pedamcn(tttm) (for vines), statumen (for vines,
etc.) ; 2, fig. adminiculum, Jirmamentum, subsi-
ilium, praesidium; see Help. II. v.tr. 1, lit.
fulcire (in gen.); 2, fig. alci adesse, to be — ped
by, alqd (re) niti; see Support.
propagate, v.tr. 1, applied to plants ; to
— by layers, propagare ; to — by grafting, in-
severe; =to produce, gignere; 2, tig. gignere (et
propagu re), serere (— to sow), propagation, n.
1, by layers, propagatio ; 2, of a report, etc.,
rtaitorem serere.
propel, v.tr. propellere.
propensity, n. proclivitas or animus pro-
clivis ad algd ; see Inclination.
proper, adj. 1, proprnts (= peculiar, opp.
communis), vents (= true, real, opp. falsus), ger-
manus (= genuine) ; if we add — in order to lay
a stress upon the noun, we use ipse (e.g. ipsi Ar-
gentini); the — word, verhim proprium (opp.
pro
828
pro
verbum translation); the — Mctellus, verus et
gennanus Metellns ; 2, = becoming, decorus,
honestus; = suitable, aplus, idoneus, accommo-
datus ad alqd. Adv. proprie, vere, comb, pro-
prie vereque, germane, property, I). 1, domin-
ium (Jet., = the — or tiie legal title to any-
thing, different from possessio, possession), 2>ii-
1rimonium(=. patrimony ; also fig. with tamipiam
before it, of mental, etc., qualities), peadium
(— the stock or money which a son with the con-
sent of his father, or a slave with the consent, of
his master, had of his own ; private — ), possessio-
nem (= landed — ), bona, -orum, n., fortuiute( =
effects) ; census, -us (in gen.) ; by res (sing, or
plur.) in a gen. sense (e.g. moveable — , res mo-
ventes, res quae moveri possunt) ; or by proprius,
■a, -itTO, also comb, with poss. pron. proprius
meus (tuus, etc.), and often by poss. pron.
alone (e.g. that is my — , hoc meum or hoc
meum, proprium est) ; to consider anything as
one's — , suum alqd dncere ; 2, = peculiarity,
proprietas, quod atcjs (rei) proprium est. pro-
perty-tax, ri. tribuhim ex censu collatum.
proprietary, adj. by propriiis. proprietor,
n. possessor, dominiis. proprietorship, n.
dominium, posscssio.
prophecy, n. 1, as the act, praedictio
(e.g. rerum futurarum), vaticinatio ; 2, that
which is prophesied, praedictum, vaticinium.
prophesy, I. v.tr. praedicere, praenuntiare
(in gen. = to foretell), vaticinari, canere, augu-
■rari (= to augur). II. v.intr. futura prae-
dicere or praenuntiare, vaticinari (= to act the
part of a vates, to — by divine inspiration).
prophet, n. vates, -is, m. and f., t valicinator,
t fatiloquus. prophetess, n. rates, -is. pro-
phetic, adj. divinus, praesagiens, fatidicus,
vaticinus (= concerning prophecies, e.g. writ-
ings). Adv. divinitus, caelesli quodam instinctu
mentis, instinctu divino ajjtatuque (all = in-
spired).
propinquity, n. propinquitas (= relation-
ship), ufUnitas (= by marriage).
propitious, adj. propitius, aeqvus, Ucam d us,
faustus (of things). Adv. by adj. propitious-
ness, n. by adj. propitiate, v.tr. see Con-
ciliate, propitiation, n. plauttio (e.g. dc-
orum). propitiatory, adj. by verb.
proportion, I. n. proporlio, commensus, -us,
(—measure or size of a thing in — to another,
Vitr.), symmetria (Vitr.) ; in a general sense it is
Lest rendered by ratio (= the relation of one
thing to another), or by comparatio (when two
or more things are in a certain relation to each
other) ; an arithmetical, geometrical — , ratio
arithmetica, geometrica ; in — to, pro portione
alcjs rei, pro rata, parte, pro with abl. (e.g.
pro viribus, in — to one's power) ; see Propor-
tionate. II, v.tr. alqd dirigere ad alqam rem.
proportional, proportionate, adj. pro
portione, pro, prae with abl., or by ad with ace,
or by ut est with the object compared in the
nomin. (e.g. pro viribus, prae aliis, pro nvinero,
ud cetera, ut turn erant tempora) ; see Propor-
tion.
proposal, n. = what anyone proposes,
condicio ; — of a law, legis latio (in the forum),
rogatio (in the coniitia to be accepted by the
assembly of the people) ; to vote for a — in
the senate, pedibus ire in alcjs sentcntiam ; —
suggestion, plan, consilium, ratio, propositum ;
to make a — , condicionem ferre or proponere ; to
make the — of anything, ulqd proponere (= to
move), alqd suadire (=to try to recommend,
to advise), alqd rommendarr. ( — to recommend),
propose, v.tr. 1, proponere ; to — a law, legem
ferre or rogare, rogationem or legem ferre; 2, in
marriage, perhaps alqaiiiinmajrimoniuvi petercj
3, see Purpose, Intend, proposer, n. of a
law, (legislator, in gen. auctor alcjs rei. pro-
position, n. 1, see Proposal; 2, in logic,
theais (Quint.) ; in a wider sense 2"'o}>ositum,
propriety,
honestas.
n. convenientia, decorum,
prorogue, v.tr. prorogare. proroga-
tion, n. prorogatio.
proscribe, v.tr. proscribes, proscrip-
tion, n. proscriptio.
prose, n. prosa (oratio) (Quint.), oratio
soluta (in opp. to oratio astricta, devincta), or
merely oratio (in opp. to po'emata). prosnic,
adj. jejunus, frigidus.
prosecute, v.tr. 1, = to carry out, gerere,
facere, exsequi, perficere ; see Do ; 2, = to bring an
action against, alqm accusare, rcum facire de alqd
re, alqm postulare. prosecution, n. 1, use
verb Prosecute, 1 ; 2, accusalio. prosecutor,
n. accusator.
proselyte, n. discipulus. prosclytism,
n., proselytize, v.tr. alqm diseipulinn facere.
prosody, n. versuum lex et modificalio
(Sen.).
prospect, n. 1, = view, prospectus, -us, con-
spectus, -us ; to have a — , spectare ad or in alqm,
locum; 2, =hope, spes (e.g. mercedis); some
— , specula, prospective, adj. fulurus; see
Future. Adv. in Juturum.
prospectus, n. libellus.
prosper, v.intr. crescere (lit. and fig. = to
grow), provenire (lit. and fig.), bond fortund uti.
prosperity, n. res secundae or prosperae or
florentes, copiae {rei familiaris) (= good circum-
stances) ; general — , salus, -litis, communis, om-
nium felicitas. prosperous, adj. secundus,
2irospei-{us), fortunatus. Adv. secunde, prospere,
fortunate.
prostitute, I. n. mulier impiudica (= any
unchaste woman), arnica, meretrix, prostibulum.
II. v.tr. 1, publicare; 2, tig. alqd re abuti.
prostitution, n. 1, vita meretricia ; 2, use
Prostitute, II. 2.
prostrate, I. v.tr. 1, = to throw down, (pro)-
sternere; 2, to — oneself before anyone, ad pedes
alcjs proannbere or .-« ab(j)iccre or se submit tire or
prosternere, ad genua alcjs procumberc, suppliccm
se nb(j)icere alci (as a suppliant) ; 3, fig. alqm or
animum afjligere, percellere, frangcre. II. adj.
by part, of verb, to lie — , (humi) jacere. pro-
stration, n. by the verb.
protect, v.tr. tueri, tutari, de.feiulere (=to
ward off, ab alqd re, contra alqd) ; (pro)tegcre (= to
cover, ab alqd re, contra alqd), mvn ire (= to forti-
fy), custodire(= to guard), praesidere alci rei, prae-
sidemesse alcjsrei, alcipraesidio esse, prohibere alqd
(= to keep off) or prohibere alqd ab alqo or alqm ab
alqd re. protection, n. tutela, praesidium, de-
fensio,patrocininm,clientela(= relation of patron
and client), fides, arx, portus, -Us, perfug.inm;
to take under your — , alqm infidem recipere (as
a lord or sovereign), alcjs patrocinium suscipere
(as a defender at law), protective, adj. use
verb, protector, n. defensor, tutor (rare), pro-
pngnator (e.g. quasi proprugnator patrimonii sui,
Cic), or by verb.
protest, I. v.intr. asseverare (=to affirm with
assurance), ajjirmore (= to assure), adjvrare
(upon oath) ; by the gods, (ab)testari dcos ; — to —
against, intcrcedere, intercessiontm facire (esp. of
a magistrate), against anything, alci rei interce-
dcre (— to interfere in a thing by virtue of one's
office, officially), interpellare (= to interrupt a
speaker). II. n. intcrpellatio (= interruption of
a, speaker), intencssio (by the authorities, etc,),
pro
829
pug
Protestant, adj. and n. *a lege pontificls
Romani abhorrent. Protestantism, ii. * Pro-
tcstantismus.
protocol, n. tabulae, commentarii (in gen.).
prototype, n. exemplvm.
protract, v.tr. produaere; see Delay, Pro-
long.
protrude, I. v.tr. protrudire. II. v.intr.
protrudi, prominere ; see Project.
protuberance, n. tuber, gibber (Plin.).
protuberant, adj. eminens, prominens (=
projecting).
proud, aitj. superbus, arrogans,. fastidiosus
(= disdainful), contumax (— stubborn) ; to be — ,
alqd re inflatum or elatum esse or tumere ; —
flesh, (med. t.t.) carofungosa (Plin.). Adv. su-
perbe, arroganter, contumaciter, fastidiose.
prove, v.tr. see Proof.
provender, n. pabulum; Forage, Food.
proverb, n. proverbium, i<erbum(= word); to
become a — , in proverb ii consuetudi)iem venire,
in proverbium venire, cedere ; according to the
— , ut aiunt. proverbial, adj. proverbii loco
celebralus ( = well known, e.g. versus), quod pro-
verbii locum obtinet, quod ill proverbium or in
p roverbii co nsuetudinemvenit(= what has become
— ) ; see Proverb. Adv. proverbii loco ( = as a
proverb), ut est in proverbio, v.t proverbii loco
dici solet ; see Proverb.
provide, I, v.tr. instruere or ornarc alqm
alqd re ( = to — with), alci rei providere, alqd
(com)parare, praeparare, alqd alci praebere (= to
give). II. v.intr. 1, = to order, juhere, edicere
(of an edict) ; 2, = to — for anyone, alci con-
sulere, providere (= to consult the interests of) ;
= to make adequate provision for, alqm re
familiari or copiis or pecunia instruere ; he is
— d for, habet unde vivat; to — against, (pro)-
videre, praecavere ne quid fiat, provided, I.
adj. — with, alqd re instructus, ornatus, prae-
dilus. II. conj. — that, (dum)modo with subj.,
ed lege or condicione ut or ne. providence,
n. = forethought, provulentia ; = divine — ,
deorum providentia(providentia alone in Quint.,
Sen.), or use dens or dei (di(i)). provident,
adj. providus, diligens (= careful); see Care-
ful. Adv. diligenter, or by adj. ; see Provi-
dent, providentially, adv. dis faventibus,
divinitus. providing that, conj. see Pro-
vided, II. provision, I. v.tr. to — a town,
oppidttm cibo or rebus necessariis instruere. II.
n. 1, to make — for ; see Provide, II. 2 ; 2, =
stipulation, condicio; see Stipulation, pro-
visional, adj. by adv. use ad or in temjms.
provisions, n. cilius, cibaria, -oruvi, alimen-
tum, victim, -us, commeatus, -iis, frumentum, res
frumentaria (tlie last three esp. of — for an
army).
province, n. 1, = duty, provincia, officium ;
2, = district, regio (in gen.), provincia. pro-
vincial, adj. provincddis ( = belonging to a
province); — (manners), etc., rustietts, agrestis,
inurbanus.
proviso, n. see Provision, II. 2.
provocation, n. provocative, adj. by
Provoke.
provoke, v.tr. 1, = to call forth, (com)jno»ere
(e.g. tram), ciire, concitare; 2, = to make angry,
alci stomachum movere or facere ; see Vex,
Irritate ; 3, to — to anything, alqm ad alqd in-
citare, concitare, impellcre, irritare ; see Uroe.
provoking, adj. molest us. Adv. moleste.
provost, n. praeses, -idis, m., or ah i vei prae-
pasitus.
prow, n. prora, pars prior navis.
prowess, n. virtus, -utis, f. ; see ValouB.
prowl, v.intr. vagari, pcragrare ; to — for
plunder, prucdari.
proximate, adj. by proxhnus; see Near,
NEXT, proximity, n. see Nearness.
proxy, ii. = agent, procurator, vicarius; by
— , per pine a rat i) rem ; to vote by — , perhaps p- r
alium suffragiumferrB.
prude, n. mull/sr putida (= affected).
prudence, n. providentia (= foresight),
cautio, circumsjiectia, prudent ia, diligentia, gra-
vitas (as moral charafxeristic). prudent, adj.
providus, cautut, drcumsjiectus, consideratus,
prudens, diligent. Adv. •provide, caute, circum-
si>ecte, considerate, diligenter ; see Wisdom.
prune, v.tr. \,ic — trees, arbores (am)putare
(=to lop off), tondire{e.g. hedges), purgare, inter-
vellere (Co]., — to teer off branches here and there),
pampinure (of vines) ; 2, tig. amputare, resworn
pruner, n. of trees, pxdator, frondator.
pruning hook, n. /Mas.
prurience, n. see Lust.
pry, v.tr. and intr. to — into, alqd rimari,
investigate, scrutari.
psalm, n. psalmus (Eccl.). psalmist, n.
psalmista, in. (Eccl.). psalter, n. psalterium
(Eccl.). psaltery, n. psalterium.
pshaw! interj. plmil
psychical, adj. de aniviti (e.g. — research,
invest igatio quae de animd Jit).
psychology, n. * psychologic, (as t.t.), or
investigatio quae de animo or viente fit. psy-
chological, adj. * psychologic-us ; see above.
psychologist, n. humani animi investigator.
puberty, n. ae(«s puber.
public, I. adj. 1, before everyone's eyes, 7 a o< f
in aperto ac pro}Mtulo loco est or fit (= in nn open
place), quod pidam or coram omnibus fit ( — before
everybody's eyes), publicus ; not to appear in — ,
■publico carcreorseabstinere; a — house, caupona
(cop-), deversorium; 2, concerning the State, etc.,
publicus (in gen., opp. privatus), furensis (refer-
ring to ■ — life, opj 1. domesticus) ; at the —
expense, sumptu publico, de publico, publice, im-
pendio publico ; by — measures, jmblico consilio,
publice; the — credit, fides publica ; the —
opinion, vidgi opinio. Adv. apertc, ptdam, coram
omnibus, in propatulo, in publico, for is. II. n. the
— , homines (= the people in gen.), populus (= all
the people), vulgus, -i, n. (= the great mass), spec-
tatores(= spectators), auditores(— the audience),
lectores (= the readers), publican, n. 1, puWt-
canus ( — farmer of the public taxes) ; 2, = Inn-
keeper, caupo(who keeps a public-house), pub-
lication, n. editio libri (Plin.) ; = the book
itself, liber, publicity, n. e.g. of proceedings,
consilia palam or coram omnibus inita ; to shim
— , celebritatem odisse or fugere homines ( = not to
like to go out), lucemfugere (in gen. — to shun the
light, of day, tig. not to like to appear before tlio
public), publish, v.tr. a work, etc., (ill lucem)
edere, emittire, Jnrus dare. publishor.il. of a
book, qui librum edendum curat.
pudding, n. placenta (= cake).
puddle, ,n. see Pool.
puerile, ailj. piMrtt{s(=botli childlike and
foolish)"
pufi I. v.tr. inflare (lit. and tig.) ; to — up
with pride, to be — cd up, mperbtre, lumescere.
II. v.intr. 1, = to blow, flare, spirare; see
Blow; 2, = to pant, anhelarc. puffy, adj.
infiatus.
pugilism, n. pugilatus, -iis, jmgilatio. pu-
gilist, n. pugil.
pug
830
pur
Pug-nosed, adj. simus.
pull, I. v.tr. 1, = to tweak, vellcre (e.g.
aurem, to -- the ear), vellicare (Phut., Quint.) ;
2, = to drag, trahere, duccre, rehire; to —
down, clemolirii dits(j)k<ire, diruere ; to — out,
(e)vellcrc, eripere. II. n. Iractus, -us (mostly
poet.), nisv.s, •«*«, m, impetus, -us, or by verb.
pullet, n. palhis gallinaceus.
pulley, u. trochlea, machina tractatoria
(Vitr.).
pulmonary, adj. quod ad pulmones pcrtinet.
pulp, n. caro (Plin., of fruits).
pulpit, n. in the context merely suggestus,
-us.
pulsate, v.intr. palpitare, agitari, moveri.
pulsation, n. paipitatio, inotus, -us; see
Movement, pulse, n. arteriarim or venarum
pulsus, -fts (Plin., = the beating of the — ),
reiiae (the — itself) ; the — does not beat
equally, venae non acquis intervallis moventur,
pulse, ii. as a vegetable, legnmen (or in
pi.).
pulverize, v.tr. 1, in pulvercm redigere; 2,
fig. pererlle.re.
pumice, n. purnex.
pump, I. n. antlia, tympanum. II. v.intr.
undid exhaurire ; to — a ship, scntinam ex-
havrire.
pumpkin, n. pepo (Plin.).
pun, n. Ingi (Koyoi, Cic. in Non.), facetiae.
punch, n. = a drink, cal(i)dum (= hot water
and wine).
Punch, n. see Puppet.
punch, I. n. 1, = drill, terebra; 2, see Blow.
II. v.tr. 1, terebrare; 2, tundcre, foderc.
punctilio, n. perhaps diligentia ( = careful-
ness), dubitatin ( = doubt, where — keeps from
action), fastidium ( = pride), sol(l)icitudo ( =
anxiety), punctilious, adj. sol(l)icitus ( =
anxious), diligent (= careful), accuratus (= ex-
act). Adv. diligenter, accurate, punctilious-
ness, n. sol(l)icitudo, diligentia, religfo (in
religious matters).
punctual, adj. diligens ( = exact, careful) ;
to be — to an appointment, ad or in iem-
pus advenire. Adv. diligenter, ad tempus ( =
at the appointed time), ad diem (— on the
day appointed), punctuality, n. diligentia
(care).
punctuate, v.tr. notis distingnere, inter-
pungire (Sen.), punctuation, n. interpunc-
tio ; — mark, interpunctum.
puncture, I. n. punctum (Vlin.). II. v.tr.
pungere, compunge.re.
pungent, adj. acer, anttus, acerbus, mordax,
all lit. and tig. Adv. acriter, acute, acerbe.
punish, v.tr. punire, poend afficere ( = to
intlict punishment), in alqm animadvertcre,
multure, castigare ( = to correct, chastise, ver-
bis, verbcribus) ; to — anything, alqd vindicare
(=z to avenge), alqil ulcisci, persequi, or comb.
ulcisci et persequi ; to — anyone very severely,
gravissimum supplicium de alqo surnire ; to —
anyone with exile, fine, or imprisonment,
exilio, pecunid, or vincidis mnltare; to — any
Infringement of the law, any violation of one's
rights, delicto, violata jura exsequi ; to be
— ed, puniri, also poenas dare, solvere, pendere,
expendere, by anyone, aid, fur anything, alcjs
rei ( = to pay), punishable, adj. poend
dignus. punisher, n. castigator, vindez ( =
avenger), ullor ( = revenger), punishment,
n. 1, the act, cn'stigutio, muliatio, dnbmndvef*
sio (e.g. vitii); 2, the — itself, poena (as an
atonement), noxa (as loss or injury) multa
(more particularly = fine : the latter the act),
damnum (— penalty), supplicium (= cruel — ,
torture, violent death), animadversio(= reproof,
in order to correct anyone), also comb, animad-
versio et castigatin; — by confiscation of pro-
perty, muliatio bonorum ; capital — , poena,
vitae or capitis, supplicium capitis, ultimum sup-
plicium, cxtrcmum supplicium ; fear of — ,
metus, -us, poenae or animadversionis ; to inflict
— on anyone, see Punish ; to suffer — , poe-
nam or supplicium (clc)pendcre, expendere, sol-
vere, persolvere, dare, subire, perfcrre, lucre or
ferre.
puny, adj. pusillus ;e.g. animus); a man of
— stature, homo brevi stalitrd ; a — fellow,
homuncio.
pupil, n. 1, pmpula, pupilla, acies (= a
sharp eye) ; 2, at a school, etc., ahnnnns
Cm.), alumna ({.), discipvliis, discipnla. pupil-
lage, n. status, -us, or condicio pupilli.
puppet, n. neurospaston (Aul. Cell.) (better
written as Greek revpoo-rraorov) ; see Doll.
Puppy, n. 1, catulus, catellus; 2, fig. adides-
centulus ineptus.
purchase, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (co)emere, mercari;
2, tig. entire, redimere, mercari. II. n. 1, act of
— , emplio ; 2, thing bought, merx ( = mer-
chandise), quod emptum est (in gen.), pur-
chasable, adj. venalis. purchaser, n.
emptor.
pure, adj. see Clear ; 1, = free from moral
guilt, purus, integer, comb, purus et integer
(= without a stain in his moral character,
etc.), castas (= chaste), comb, purus et castus,
castas purusque (e.g. body, mind), integer cas-
tnsquc, sanctus (— pleasing to God, holy), in-
sons (= free from guilt, whose conscience does
not accuse him of any crime, etc., innocent,
opp. sons), comb, purus et insons, emendatus
(= spotless, perfect, e.g. morals, a man), incor-
ruptns ; — virgin, virgo casta,; 2, = not mixed
with anything, lit., purus (in gen. ), , merus ( =
mere, not mixed with, opp. mixtus) ; — water,
aqua pura ; — wine (vinum) merum ; — gold,
aurumpurumCputum) ; 3, fig. purus, sincerus; —
language, sermo purus or rectus or bonus or emen-
datus ; — joy, sincerum gaudium ; = clean,
mundns, purus. Adv. pure, integre, caste; =■
entirely, etc., prorsus, plane; — spiritual, ah
omni concretione mortali segregatus (e.g. a being,
mens, Cic.) ; the — spiritual state of the soul,
is anlmi status in quo sewcatus est a societate et
contagione corporis (Cic). purity, n. fig. cas-
titas ; — ■ of a language, sermo purus or emen-
datus or purus et emendatus ; — of expression,
incorrupta integritas, quasi sanitas (i.e. healthy
vigour), sanilas (Quint.); munditia verborum,
mundities orationis (= free from foul language,
Aul. Gell.) ; moral — , castitas (as quality),
castimonia (= abstinence from that which is bail,
(chiefly in a religious sense),sanclitas(= holiness,
as virtue), sanctimonia ( = innocence of charac-
ter), integritas (= integrity), innneentia(= disin-
terestedness, opp. araritia), gravitas (= dignity).
purify, v.tr. (rc)pur(jarc, expurgare, purum
facere (in gen.) ; pwri/Ecflre(Plin.) ; Ivstrare ( =to
— by offering an expiatory sacrifice), emendure
(= to — from faults) ; to — the language (from
bad words, etc.), expurgare scrmonem, emendate,
consuetudinem vitiosam et corruptam purdet in-
corrupta ronsuetudine emendarc. purifica-
tion, n. purgatio (in gen.), lustratio (= — by
an expiatory sacrifice) ; festival of — , Ftbrua,
■orum (on 15th Feb.). Purism, n. in scri-
bendo (or dicendo) elegant ia. Purist, n. in
pur
831
qua
SCribendo or dicendo diligent. Piiritan, ti.,
Puritanism, n. qui de merit diligentior or
religiosior ett. Puritanically, adv. scierius;
see Strictly.
purgatory, n. purgatorium (Eccl.). pur-
gation, 11. purgatio, lustmtio. purgative,
adj. ami n. medicina alvum pnrguns, inaniens,
bonam facicns, movens. purge, v. tr. ami intr.
1, of the medical man, alvxuii purr/are, bonam
faccre, movere, de(J)icere; 2, see Purify.
purl, v.'mtr.ntiirmnrarc, sonare, susurrare.
purloin, v.tr. avertere; see Embezzle,
Steal.
purple, I. n. 1, = purple colour, purpura,
ostrum(= the liquor of the shell-fish used for
dyeing purple), conchylinm (= purple proper),
color purpureas; 2, purpura, vestis purpurea
(= garments, covering, etc.). II. v.intr. to
grow — , j purpurare.
purport, I. n. see Meaning, Object. II.
v.tr. see Mean.
purpose, I. n. proposilum, consilium, insti-
tutum, sentcntia, animus, mens (our "mind"),
voluntas (= wish), or by velle (e.g. my — was to
go, ire volui), with this — , co consiiio, ut, or
by ad with gerund or gerundive (e.g. I was sent
for the — of seeking him, ad eum petcndum
•missus sum); on — , consulto, de industrid, dcditd
opera; to what — , quo consiiio; see Why ; to
no — , without — , nulla or sine consiiio, tcmcrc;
to the — , ad rem, apposite. Adv. consulto; see
On purpose, Purpose, I. II. v.tr. slatvcre; see
Intend, purposeless, adj. vanus, inanis,
irritus, cassus, inutilis.
purr, v.intr. perhaps sonitum edere, or gau-
dium sonitu exhibere.
purse, ii. marsupium, zona, crumena, saccu-
lus. purse-proud, adj. pecunid superbus.
pursuant, prep. — to, in pursuance of,
secundum alqd (e.g. of a law, ex lege, ex de-
creto).
pursue, v.tr. alqm persequi, prosequi, consec-
tari, insequi, insectari, alci insistcrc, instate, all
lit. and fig. pursuit, n. studium, cupiditas(—
desire for anything), ars, quaestus, -its; to make
a — of anything, alqd factitare or exercere.
purveyor, n. obsonator, or by providere.
pus, n. pus (Cels.). pustule, n. pvstula
(Cels.).
push, I. v.tr. pcllcre, trudere, offendere, pul-
sare, alqm, with, alqd re (e.g. capite, cubito, pede
aut genu), fodere alqm or alqd, with, alqd re; to
— forward, propellcre, impellere ; to — back,
repellcre; to — down, depellere. II. v.intr. to
— on, contendere, instare ; see Hasten. III.
n. (im)pulsus, -us, impetus, -us; to make a — ,
instare. pushing, adj. acer ; see Eager.
pusillanimous, adj. timidus, abjectus, Kit-
■milis, demissus, fractns. Adv. timide, abjecte,
humiliter, demisse, animo abjecto, etc. pusil-
lanimity, n. timiditas, formido (= fear),
■animus timidus, etc. (see above), animi demis-
■sio, infractio, or imbecillitas.
put, v.tr. in gen., ponere (e.g. caladum), to —
to or near, apponere alqd alci rei or ad alqd, pro-
■ponere ah/d alei rei, admovere alqd alci rei, re-
J'erre alqd ad alqd; tn — a thing in its proper
.place, alqd suo loco pone re ; to — away, abdcre,
ponere (the latter iig. = to lay aside); to — upon,
■alqm or alqd imponere or infcrrc in alqd (e.g.
puernm in equum), collocare alqd in alqd re,
seldom in alqd or merely alqd re, alqd accommo-
■dare alci rei or ad alqd ; to — before anything,
proponere alqd alci rei; to —anything anywhere,
ponere (in gen.), (col)locare (at a certain place) ;
to — on one side, to — by, geponere, repdncre}
to — down, deponere, demittire (= to let down);
Iig. dt(j)kerc, ex(s)tingucre ; see Destroy; to —
forward, producire (e.g. a candidate;, afferre (a
prooO ; to — oir, differre; see Delay ; to — off a
dress, ponere, erucre; to — on, inducre; to —
out, e(j)kcre, extrudere, expellcre (=to expel),
ex(s)linguere (= to quench) ; to — over, iw»-
ponire, iUj)erponm(\\t.),praejicerc({\g. of office);
to — under, alqd alci rei supponcre or tub-
(j)icere ; to — the horses to, etc., equos curru
jungire or carpento subjungere; to — to flight,
fugare ; to be — to flight, Jug'ere, se in fugam
dare; to — to death, interficire; see Kill; to —
up at, devertere, or deverti, at anyone's house,
ad alqm, at a place, ad or in with accus. of
the place (e.g. ad hospiiem, and ad alqm in
Albanum, and ad or in villain suam) ; to — up
with, see Bear, Tolerate ; to — in, appellere,
portum petcre; see Enter; to — out to sea,'
narem or classem solvere; see Leave.
putative, adj. fulsus or qui dicitur esse.
putrefaction, n. by verb Putrefy, I.
putrefy, I. v.tr. putrefacere. II. v.intr. pu-
trefieri, putrescere. putrid, adj. putridvs, pvier
(putris). putridness, n. putor (ante and post
class.).
putty, n. gluten (vitrcariorum).
puzzle, I. n. 1, a game, nodus quidam in
lusum oblatus, quacstio lusoria (Plin.), aenig-
ma, Stis, n. ; 2, a difficulty, modus. II. v.tr,
animum distrahere, impedire. III. v.intr. iij
alijd re haerere, in angustiis esse, puzzling,
adj. difficilis, ambiguus.
Pygmy, n. pygmaeus (= one of the Pygmies,
Plin, etc.) ; = dwarf, nanus (Juv.).
pyramid, n. pyramis, -idti,f. pyramidal,
adj. in pyramidisformam /actus.
pyre, n, \pyra, rogm. pyrites, n. pyrites,
■ue (Pliu.).
pyrotechnics, pyrotechny, n. as t.t.
ars pyrotechnica.
pyrrhiC, adj. 1, in metre pes pyrrlUchius
(Quint.); 2, — victory, perhaps victoria, vtaiunt,
Pyrrhi regis modo incassum relata.
pyx, n. pyxis (Eccl.).
Q.
quack, I. n. 1, of a duck, by verb Quack,
II. ; 2, an itinerant seller of medicine, pharma-
copola eircumforaneus ; 3, see Impostor. II.
v.intr. tetrinnire. III. adj. falsut. quack-
ery, n. ars pharmacopolarum.
quadrangle, n. 1, a figure, * quadrangu-
lum; 2, a courtyard, area (Plin. Min.). quad-
rangular, adj. quadrangulus (Plin.).
quadrennial, adj. quat(t)uor annorum.
quadrille, n. sultatio.
quadripartite, adj. quadripartltiu.
quadruped, n. quadntpes, .
quadruple, adj. quadruplet.
quaff, v.tr. see Drink.
quag(mire), n. pedus, -ndis, f. ; see Boo.
quaggy, adj. polluter; see Boggy.
quail, n. (a bird), coturnix.
quail, v.intr. animo deficere; see Tremble,;
qua
832
qua
quaint, adj. lepidus (= pretty) ; see Curious,
Afkected ; insolitus, novus, minis (= new,
strange), /aeehis, arg-utiis (= witty) ; see Stranoe,
Humorous. Adv. novo or insolito or miro quo-
dam modo, mire, faeete, argute, quaintness,
. n. use adj.
quake, v.intr. tremere ; see Tremble, qua-
rter, n. Units ex iis qui se amicos appellant.
qualify, v.tr. 1, institucre,instruere,fingere
(of men); to — oneself, sc praeparare; 2, = to
inodify a remark, etc., extenuare, attenuate,
deminuere; see Lessen, qualification, n.
jus, juris, n. ( = right), potestas (— power), comb.
jus potestasqrue (e.g. provinciae adminis/randae,
for administering a province) ; in gen. sense
= fit, by adj. Qualified, qualified, adj.
idoneus, accommodates, aptus, utilis, opportunus
ad alqm rem, digitus alqd re (e.g. honore).
quality, n. 1, proprictas, proprium(= peculi-
arity), natura (= natural condition), genus, -eris
(= kind), ratio, vis (= state, condition), qualitas
(ttoiotj)? = particular condition, coined by Cic.
as a metaphysical t.t.), res quae est alcjs rei pro-
pria (= what is the peculiar nature of anything,
Cic.) ; often by esse with the genit. of the noun
which possesses the — we mention (but pro-
prium must be added when we speak more em-
phatically) ; it is one — of a good orator, etc.,
est boni oratoris, etc. ; one — of a wise man is to
do nothing he may repent, sapient is est proprium,
nihil qi/od pnenitcre possit, facere ; or by the
neut. gen. of an adj. instead of the genit. (e.g.
one — of a human being is, human um est); of
what — , qualis; of such a — or kind, talis;
a good, noble — , virtus, -iilis ; a bad — ,
malum, vitium; 2, = kind, sort, nata(c.g. wine
of good — , of the best — , vinum bonae, optimae
notae; of the second — , secundae notae; of
different — , diversae notae).
qualm, n. 1, lit. de.fectio (virium, Plin., =
faintness), fastidium ( = loathing); 2, tig., use
circuml. (e.g. I have a — of conscience, mens
mihi angi'ur).
quantity, n, 1, Humerus (= number), copia
(= plenty), aliquot (= a few, several, a con
siderable number); a great — , mi'"itndo, may-
nus numerus, acerous (= a heap, mass), turba (=
a confused mass of things or people), nubes, -is
(=a cloud of things, e.g. pulveris), silva or
quasi silva (= an abundance, esp. with regard to
literary objects, e.g. silva rerum et sententiarum),
vis (—a. large — , of persons and things, in an
emphatic sense), pondus, -eris, n. (= — , accord-
ing to weight, e.g. pondns auri); a very large
indefinite — is expressed by sesrenti (e.g. I
received a great — of letters all at one time,
sescentas literas itno tempore accepi); 2, time of
syllables in prosody, * mensv.ro,, * quuutitas
(Gram.).
quantum, n. porlio ; see Portion, Share.
quarantine, n. tempns valetudini spectan-
due praestitum.
quarrel, I. n. jurgium, rim, altereatio. II.
v.intr. jvrgnre (with one, cum alqo), rixari,
tdtercari ; see Dispute, quarrelsome, adj.
rixis deditus.
quarry, I. n. = a stone — , lapicicdnae, few-
<i/nna or lautomia (Plant). II. v.tr. caedert,
excidere.
quarry, n. = game, praeda.
quart, n. (as a measure) duo sextarii.
quartan, n. febris quarttma.
quarter, I. it. 1, = fourth part, qitarta pars
(post Aug., also ipiarta alone ; every — of a year,
tertio quoque mense ; 2, = part, district, vicus ;
3, = mercy e.g. to grant a person — , akjs
vitae jxircere, aid (victo) vitam dare. II. V.tr. 1,
quadvi/ariam dividere or dispertire (in gen., =
to divide into four parts); to — a man (as a
punishment), in quat(t)uor partes distrahere.
(Sen.) ; 2, collocare in ulqn loco or apud alqm ; to
— the troops, milites per hospitia disponere or in
hospitia dividere or in hospitia deducere (upon
the ratepayers) ; milites per oppida dispertire,
militibus hospitia in oppidis piraestare (upon the
towns), quarter-day, n. perhaps dies con-
stitutes, dictns or certus, or by exact date,
quarter-deck, n. puppls. quartering,
n. milites per hospitia dispositi or mi hospitia
divisi (as to the troops), milites lecto (tcctis) or
ad se recepti (as to the person upon whom the
troops are quartered), quarterly, adj. and
adv. trimestris ; money to be paid — , pecu-
nia tertio quoque mense solvenda. quarters,
n.pl. habitatio (in gen.), tectum (= roof, shel-
ter), deversorium (= a lodging-place for travel-
lers, an inn), hos]iitium(= place where strangers
were entertained, guest-chambers), ?)i(!jis!o(riin.,
place to stop at for the night) ; my — are at Mr.
So-and-so's, by habitare apud alqm; of troops,
castra, -orum; to place the troops in the winter
— , copias in hibernis collocare ; to be in winter
— , in hibernis esse; — , in the usual military
sense, stativa, -orum ; to take up — , stativn
poncre; to be in — , in stativis esse; close — ,
cominns ; to come to — , manum conserere.
quash, v.tr. 1, see Squeeze, Crush; 2, in
law, to — an indictment, etc., rescindere.
quaver, I. v.intr. 1, in gen., see Tremble,
Vibrate; 2, in music, * vibrissare. II. n.
octava (with or without jiars) ; a semi — , pais
sextadecima.
quay, n. margo, -inis, in., crepido.
queen, n. regina (also fig.) ; — bee, rex
apium. queenly, adj. rcginae similis, t regius.
queer, adj. novus, insolitus ; see Strange,
Humorous.
quell, v.tr. opprimere (e.g. tumultum), com-
primc.re (e.g. tumultum, seditionem) ; see Con-
qi "R.
quench, v.tr. sedare (e.g. sitim, iram),
restinguere, ex(s)tinguere, explere, reprimerc,
dcpellere.
querimonious, querulous, adj. queri-
bundus, qucrulus, or by the verb (con)queri
(alqd or de alqd re).
query, v.intr., querist, n. see Question.
quest, n. to go in — of, see Seek, Search.
question, I. n. 1, interrogatio (= the act of
asking a — , and the — itself); (inter)rogatum
(=the — asked) ; quaestio (= strict inquiry, and
esp. a search, in literature, or a judicial inquiry or
trial) ; amtroversia (esp. = legal controversy); lis
(= lawsuit), res, caus\syi(= the matter in dispute),
pcrcontutio (— inquiry), disceptatio (= a debate
on a disputable point, in order to arrive at the
exact truth); to ask anyone a — , interrot,are
alqm, de. alqd re (see Interrogate) ; a short — ,
interrogatiuncula, rogatiuncula, quaestiunrula ;
a — about morals, etc., de moribus, etc. ; a cap-
tious — , captio, interrogatio captiosa; to bother,
confuse anyone with — s, rogitando alqm oh-
tundcre; to answer a — , ad rogatum respondere ;
there is no — about, non est dubium quiu or
accus. and infln.; without — , sine dvbio, procul
dubio, arte, certo; the — arises, qnaeritur,
oritur disputatio, existit quaestio ; now the — is,
?i»)ic id agitur ; it is a very important — , magna
quaestio (i.e., which it will take a long time to
settle, Cic); 2, = torture, quaestio; to put to
the — , de alqo in o,lqm quaerere (e.g. de serro in
dominion, to torture the slave respecting his
qui
833
rac
master) ; qUOestionem de idqo habere (tlie object
of the inquiry in the genitive case). II. v.tr.
(interrogate, exquirere, quaerere, percontari;
to — anything, ad incertum revocare ; to — any-
one, alqm intcrrogando urgere, alqtn rogitcuuto
obtundert (in a troublesome manner) ; see Ask,
Examine, questionable, adj. is or id de quo
or fa de qud quaeritur or quacstio est, incertus,
anceps, dubivs. questioning, n. (inter)ro-
galio, percontatio, quaestio.
quibble, I. n. captio, carillatio (esp. in
Quint.), ambages, -is, calumnia. II. v.intr. cavil-
lari. quibbler, n. cavillator. quibbling,
adj. captiosus.
quick, I. adj. 1, see Live, Alive ; 2, see
Fast, Speedy ; 3, «ccr, alacer, alacer et promptus
(= active and ready) ; 4, = sharp, svbtilis ; see
Sharp, Acute ; 5, — with child ; see Preg-
nant. Adv. 1, cito, celeriter ; see Fast ; 2, mox,
■mature ; see Soon. II. n. to cut to the — , ad
vivum resecare (lit), mordere (fig.), quicken,
v.tr. 1, animare (poet., also fig.) ; 2, see Acce-
lerate ; 3, — to stimulate, accendere, incendere,
injknnmare alqm. quicklime, n. calx viva.
quickness, n. 1, velocitas, pernicitas; see
Speed ; 2, of intellect, perspicacitas, sol(l)ertia,
calliditas, ingenii alacritas, celeritas. quick-
sand, n. syrtis (lit. and tig.), quick seen
ted, adj. sagas, quick-sighted, adj. per-
spicax (lit. and fig.), quick sightedness, n.
perspicacitas, ingenii acies or acumen. quick-
Silver, n. argentum vivum. quick-temper-
ed, adj. iracundus ; see Irritable. quick-
witted, adj. ace/-, acutus, urgutus, perspicax.
quiescent, adj. i <y quiescere. quiescence,
n. see Quietness.
quiet, I. adj. quietus (= abstaining from ex-
ertion), tranquillus {— with little motion, esp. of
the sea), comb, tranquillus et quietus, pacatus
(= reduced to peace and obedience, esp. of coun-
tries), sedatus (= not excited, calm, e.g. gradus,
tempus), placidus (= placid, undisturbed), otiosus
(=free from business) ; a — life, vita quieta or
tranquilla or tranquilla et quieta, vita placida,
vita otiosa ; to lead a — life, vitam tranquillam
or placidam or otiosam degere, quiete vivere, otiose
vivere, vitam. vmbratilem colere ; a — province,
provincia quieta (in gen.), provincia pacata
(= reduced to a peaceful state). Adv. 1, tacite,
silentio (=in silence); 2, quieto animo, tran-
quille, quiete, placide, sedate, otiose. II. n. 1,
(realties, -His, f., tranquillitas, remissio (the two
latter after exertion), otium (= freedom from
business), silcntium (= silence) ; 2, fig. quies,
-etis, oti\im, tranriuillitas (o( mind), pax (=; peace,
only polit.). III. v.tr. quietum redden, tran-
quillare or sedan or placare (= to calm), pacare
(= to pacify), quietness, n. see Tranquil-
lity, Quiet, II.
quill, n. 1, = pen, penna ; 2, of a porcu-
pine, etc., spina; 3, of a musical instrument,
plectrum.
quilt, n. stragulum.
quinquennial, adj. quinquennis, quinqiu
annorum (in gen. = lasting live years), quin-
quennalis (— done every live years, also = last-
ing five years).
quinsy, n. cynanche (Cels.), in pure Latin
angina.
quintessence, n. fios, floris, m. (the proper
term) ; medulla {— marrow).
quintette, n. cantus (-its) e quinque sym-
phoniaxis editus.
quip, n. facetiae.
quire, n. scapus (Plin., with the ancients
= 20 sheets).
27
quirk, n, see Quibble, I.
quit, v.tr. sec Leave, Desert.
quite, adv. pronut, plane, omniiio (=altd>
gether, perfectly), plane, in or per outnes partes,
per omnia (— in every respect), jienitus, funditu.i
(— entirely, completely) ; satis (= enough, e.g.
satis scio, = I am — certain), valde(= very), mtiy-
nopere (= greatly) ; that is — wrong, /ahum est id
totum ; I am — in love, lotus in amore sum ; to
be of — a different opinion, longe aliter sentire;
— right ! ita est I (as answer) ; — certain, haud
dubic (— no doubt) ; not — , minus (e.g. not —
so many) ; parum (= too little).
quits, adv. render hyfidem suam solvisse ; we
are — , nihil rel(l)iqui est.
quiver, I. n. pharetrae ; -wearing a — ,
t pharclratus. II. v.intr. t trcpidare, tremere.
qui-vive, n. on the — , by alacer; see
Alert.
quoit, n. discus.
quota, n. (rata) pars (usu. pro rata parte).
quote, v.tr. afferre, pro/erre (= to bring
forward), re/erre (= to report), laudare (with
praise), (yro)ponere (as an example), uotare
(with censure), (com)memorure (=; to mention),
transcribere (= to copy off) ; to — an instance,
exemplum afferre; commemorare ; from which
letters I have — d a few passages as an example,
ex quibus lit't)eris pauca in exemplum subjeci.
quotation, n. 1, = act of quoting, prolutio.
commemoratio ; 2, = passage quoted, locus at-
latus, etc. ; see Quote.
quoth, v.intr. inquit, ait.
quotidian, adj. cot(t)idianus.
B.
rabbi, n. * rabbi.
rabbit, n. cuniculus.
rabble, n. sentina reipublicae or urhis (=«
the lowest of the people), /aex popidi (— the
dregs), colhuno, quisquiliac (= refuse), turba (=
crowd) ; see Mob.
rabid, adj. rabidus; see Had. Adv. rabide.
race, n. genus, -Iris, n. (also ' = gens, more
particularly when we speak of the — to which
a certain tribe belongs); gens (in a more
gen. souse = all who belong to a certain tribe;
in a more narrow sense, all who l>car the same
generic name [nomina] in opp. to jamilia, i.e.
the subdivisions of a gens) ; stirps (— the lineage
of a family descended from a gens); progenies
(lit = descent ; then also = posterity) ; prosapia
(= stock), semen (lit. = seed, ineton. for genus),
proles, -is, f. (= progeny), ?(omen(=name), tpro-
pago, t sanguis; see Breed, Kind. raci-
neSS, n. sucus, comb, sucus et sanguis, xi/fr
vernuadus (= idiomatic — ). racy, adj. habens
quemdam sucum suum ; habeas nescio quern an-
porem vernacutum ; salsus (= pungent).
race, I. n. = contest, cursus, -us, certamen,
curriculum; to hold — s, cursu certare ; liorse
— , cursus, -us, equorum or equester. II. v.intr.
(cursu) certare or contendere, pedibus conten-
dere <on foot), race -course, n. curricu-
lum (in gen.), stadium (the ancient ardStov),
circus(= circus), hippodromos. race-horse, U.
equus, celes, -itis, in. racer, U. on foot, cursor;
— a horse, equus.
rack, I. n. 1, = manger, /aliscce ; 2, an
instrument of torture, equuleus, tormenttun.
rae
§54
fail
Quacslio (= examination by torture) ; to put to
the — , in equuleum abpn imponere, equuleo
torquere, dare alqm in quaestionem. II. v.tr.
1, lit., sec above ] 2) fig. torqucre, vcxare; see
Torment, Vkx,
racket, u. 1, =B bht) reticulum (not class.) ;
2, = noise, strepitus, -us; see Noise.
racquets, u. by pild Indite; sec Ball.
radiance, n. /vigor (= brightness), claritas,
candor, splendor, nitor. radiant, adj. 1, =:
bright, clams, candidvs, splendidus, nitens, niti-
dus, fulgens; 2, of expression of face, felix,
tortus; see Happy, Glad. Adv. dare, splen-
dide, nitide, felicitcr, laete. radiate, v.tr.
and v.intr. radiare. radiation, n. radiatio
(Plin.).
radical, adj. and n. 1, = innate, insitus;
it is a — fault", culpa hominibus natiird est insita,
or by praecipuus (— chief), maximus (= very
great) ; see Thorough ; 2, Grain. — word,
verbum vativum, primigenium, primitivum ; 3,
in politics, novarum rerum cupidus or studio-
sus ; a red — , novarum rerum avidus. Adv.
radicitus, fundilus, penitus, prorsus, omnino ;
see Altogether.
radish, n. raphanus (Plin.).
radius, n. radius.
raffle, I. v.intr. aled ludere ; to — for, de
alqd re aleaejactu contendere. II. n. alea.
raft, n. ratis.
rafter, n. canterius, lignum transversarium,
transtrum, dim. transtillum.
rag, n. pannus. ragamuffin, n. homo
pannosus or nequam. ragged, adj. (of men)
paunosus (Cic), pannis obsitus (Ter.).
rage, I. n. rabies, furor, saevitia, ira, ira-
cundiu (see under Madness); alcjs rci cupiditas,
cupido, studium, ai'iditas( = violent desire for,
e.g. gloriae). II. v.intr. furere (of men, in poets
also of personified objects), saevire(=: to be cruel,
also tig. of things, e.g. of the wind) ; against
anyone or anything, in alqm or in cdqd. rag-
ing, adj. see Violent.
rail, I. n. =bar, tignum troneverstim; on a
railway, ferrum ; see Bar. II. v.tr. to — off,
saeptis claudere, (con)saepire. railing, n.
ptdus (= stake, fence), clathri (= trellis-work):
see Fence, railway, n. via ferro strata; to
construct a — , viam ferro sternere.
rail, v.intr. conviciis or contumeliis uti ; to —
at, alqm conviciis consectari, alci maledicere,
malediita in alqm dicere or conferre. raillery,
J), jocus, cavillatio.
raiment, n. vestis, vesVtius, -us, vesUmentum,
adtus, -us, ornatus, -us, habitus, -us (esp. in
Suet.).
rain, 1. 1>. pin via, imber, nimbu*(\\lth storm);
— bow, arcus pluvivs (Hor.); in prose, gen.
caelestis arcus, -us, and in the context simply ar-
cus. II. v.impers. it — s, pluit; it — s fast,
magnus tffunditur imber, magna vis imbrium
effunditur. rainy, adj. pluvius, t aquosus,
t imbrjfer.
raise, v.tr. 1, (ut)tollhe ; 2, erlgere (eg.
malum); 3, see Erect, Build; 4, to — the
price, etc., by efferre (e.g. pretium (dejs ret),
earlus venders alqd; to — the salary, slipendium
augere; see Increase; 5, = to cause to grow,
tducere (e.g. /lores semine sparso); 8, = to ele-
vate anyone in condition, augere, ornare, pro-
ducere ad dignitatem or ad honores ; to n high
condition, amplis honoribus oruare or decora re ;
1, — to stir up, excitare (e.g. amnios), erigere,
recreare; 8, =• w bring together, colligere, (com)-
parare, (con)scribere ; see Collect; 9, = to
— the voice, by tollire (e.g. clamorem) ; 10, =
to — a siege, oppugnatione desistcre, oppugna-
tionem relinquere.
raisin, n. acinus passus, t racemus passus, in
pi. u cae passae (Col.).
rake, I. n, 1, pecten, rostrum, rastellum,
irpex (to break clods or to pull up weeds) ; 2,
= good-for-nothing fellow, ganeo, nepos, -vtis, in.
( = prodigal), Ziomo dissolutns or perditus. II.
v.tr. pect in e rerrcrc (hay , etc.), radere(= to —the
ground), rakish, adj. perditus, proftigatus,
dissolutns.
rally, I. v.tr. 1, to — troops, aciem or ardines
restituere, milites in ordinem revocare; 2, = to
banter, alqm ludere, irridere. II. v.intr. 1, of
troops, se colligere; 2, in gen. se reficere, colli-
mre, convalescere (from illness); see Recover.
III. n. use verb.
ram, I. n. aries, -etis, m. (both of sheep and
battering — ). II. v.tr. alqd fistucd adigere,
jistucare. _ rammer, n.fisiuca, pavieula.
ramble, I. v.intr. errare (lit. and tip.),
about, circum alqd (having lost the right road),
vagari, palari, a proposito aberrare (fig.). II.
n. ambulatio ; to go for a — , ire ambulutnm.
rambler, n. homo vagus, erro ( = vagrant).
rambling, adj. vagus (lit. and fig.).
ramification, n. 1, lit. by ramis diffundi;
2, tig. pars, ramify, v.intr. dividi; see also
Extend.
rampant, adj. in gen. feroz, snperbns
(= proud); to be — , superbire; in heraldry,
erectiis or arrectus.
rampart, n. 1, vallum (properly speaking),
agger, -en's, in. ( = a mound, mole) ; 2, tig. val-
lum, propugnacnlum, praesidium.
rancid, adj. rancidus.
rancour, n. odium (pccidtum); see Hatred.
rancorous, adj. imtus, iraeundus ( = angry),
vialevolus, maligmis(=spitei\i\), in vidus (= envi-
ous), infeslus, inimicus ( = hostile). Adv. irate,
iracunde, maligne, infeste, inimice.
random, adj. in casu positus, fortuitvs, or
by adv. ; at — , temere, or comb, temere ac for-
tuito (e.g. agere or facire alqd).
range, I. v.tr. 1, see Rank, II. 2; 2, sen
Roam. II. n. 1, ordo, series (in gen.), monies
eontinui(= — of mountains), fWi jactus,-ns, or con-
jectus,-vs( — of missiles); 2,— ofthought,etc.,by
circumloc. (e.g. sententinnim varietute abun-
dantissimum esse); — of subjects, rerum fee-
quentia.
rank, I. n. 1, of troops, ordo, -inis, m. ; the
— S, ordines militum; to break through the — s,
ordines perrumpere; to throw the — s into con-
fusion, ordines (eon)turbare ; in their — , ordi-
uati (of troops), ordinatim; 2, degree in
military affairs, ordu (militandi), or by gradvs
honoris or dignitatis (e.g. gradu honoris or dig-
nitatis, and merely honore supcriorem esse alqo);
to reduce to the — , in ordinem cogere; 3, in
civil life = degree, locus (honoris or dignitatis),
dignitas(= position in society); a Spaniard of — ,
Hisvanus nobilis. II. v.tr. 1, to — the soldiers,
ordines or aciem iustruire; 2, = to place in a
particular class, ordinare, disponere (=to ar-
range), (in numero) habere (= to consider, e.g.
ohpn in umicorum numero); see Consider. III.
v.intr. by in ordinrm redigi ; to — with, eodem
loco esse cum alqo (in gen.), pares ordines ducere
(of two military officers).
rank, adj. of plants, luxuriosus; of smell,
+ graveolens, foetidus; = very great, magnus,
maximus.
tan
835
rea
rankle, v.intr. perhaps mordcre ( = to bite),
tapungire ( = to prick).
ransack, v.tr. 1, a house, cxhuurire, exin-
tinire, nudum utquc inane reddcre ; a temple,
fanum eicrrere el extergere, spoliare expilareque,
nudare ac spoliare; 2, = to search thoroughly,
rhiiari, scrutari.
ransom, I. n. 1, = the money paid as — ,
pecuniae quibus alqs redimitur, or by pretium,
pecunia (e.g. alqm sine pretio dimittere, reddcre);
2, = release from captivity, redemptio. II.
v.tr. redimere (pecunia).
rant, I. n. sermo tumidus, turgidus, inflatus.
II. v.tr. perhaps sermone tumido uti, or simply
declamare. ranter, n. orator tumidus, tur-
gidus, inflatus.
rap, I. v.intr. at the door, pulsare (fores).
II. n. pidsatio.
rapacious, adj. rapax,furax( = thievish).
rapacity, n. cupiditas rapinarvm or praedae
or praedae rapinarum, spoliandi cupldo, rapa-
citas (the latter as inherent quality). ■
rape, n. stuprum mulieri oblatum.
rapid, I. adj. rapiduz (of wind), irapax;
see Swift, Quick. Adv. rapide. II. n. vertex,
gurges, -His, in. rapidity, n. rapiditas; see
Speed, Quickness.
rapier, n. gladius (= sword).
rapture, n. summa voluptas. rapturous,
adj. beutus ( = blessed), felicissimus ( = very
happy) ; see Happy.
rare, adj. rarus(= not often met with), inusi-
tutus ( = unusual), infrequens (= that is not often
met); = thin, Tarns, tenuis, sinyularis, eximius
(— exceedingly tine, etc.). Adv. raro ; I am — at
Rome, Romae sum infrequens. rarefaction,
ii. use adj. (e.g. the — of the atmosphere, aer
extenuctus). rarefy, v.tr. extenuare. rarity,
n. raritas, res rata, res rara visit or inventu.
rascal, n. homo scelestus, sceleratus. ras-
cality, n. scelus, -cris, n. rascally, adj. sce-
lestus, turpis, sceleratus; see Base.
rase, v.tr. = to level with the ground, solo
aequare or adaequare.
rash, adj. praeceps, praecipitatus (= headlong,
etc.), inconsullus ( = inconsiderate, e.g. certamen),
temerarius ( = thoughtless). Adv. inconsulte (iii-
consulto), inconsiderate, temere, nimisfestinanter,
praepropere ; to act — , festinantius agere.
rashness, n. temeritas.
rash, n. eruptio(nes) (Plin.), scabies (= itch).
rasher, n. of bacon, lardi offula.
rasp, I. v.tr. scobind rudire. II. n. sco-
bTnu.
raspberry, n. morum Idaeum.
rat, n. mus. rat-trap, n. muscipula
IPhaed.).
rate, I. n. 1, at.the — , pro modo, pro ratio nc, but
generally pro ; to buy at a high or low — , inagno
or pur roe mere j — of interest, usura,fenus, -oris,
n. ; 2, = tax, vectigal, tributum ; to lay a—, vecti-
gal, tributum imponere alci (— to — anyone) and
alci rei, tributum indiccre alci; 3, = manner,
modus; at this — , in hum vwdum; at any — ,
eerie, utique ; -r of going (of a watch), motus,
■us. II. v.tr. 1, arstimare alqd, ucstimationcm
aleji rei facere ; see Estimate ; 2, alci imponere
tributum; see Tax; 3, = to scold, increpare;
see Scold, rateable, adj. cui vectigal imponi
potest.
rather, adv. 1, potius (if we select), prius
(= before), multo inagis (= so much the more, in
a higher degree), quin etiam, quin potius, quin
immo (w)ieu we substitute something- still
stronger, etc.), immo ( = nay even ; also comb.
immo potius, immo vcro, immo cnimvero,
immo etiam} ; and not — , ac non potius, also
acnon; I did not ..., — ... (or in similar
phrases), tantum abest, ut . . . ut ; I would — ,
by mulo, with infm. ; 2, = somewhat, aliquan-
turn, aliquanto.
ratification, n. sanctio, or by ratify, v.tr.
a treaty, sancire pactum, fidem foederis flrmare,
foedus rat urn facere.
ratio, n. pro ratd portione ; see Proportion.
ratiocination, n. see Reasonino.
ration, n, demensum, cibus or victus, -us,
diuturmts ( = daily allowance of food).
rational, adj. 1, = having reason, ratione
prueditus or utens, rationis particeps; 2, =
agreeable to reason, (rationi) consentaneus. Adv.
ratione ; to act — , ratione uti, prudenter or
considerate agere. rationalism, n. opinio
eorum qui in investigations veri ratione sud
(neque divindquiddam lege) utendum esse putent.
rationalist, n. qui, etc., putet; see above.
rationality, n. ratio.
rattle, I. v.intr. 1, crepare, crepitumdare ( =
to make a crackling, clattering noise), strepere,
strepitum d((re(— to make a loud noise), sonare (=
to sound) ; 2, bluterarc(= to talk idly). II. v.tr.
to — the chains, vinculo, movcre ; see before. III.
n. 1, crepitus, -us, strepilus, -us, sonitus, -us,fragor
(of thunder) ; 2, a child's plaything, t crepitacu-
lum. rattlesnake, n. serpens.
ravage, I. v.tr. vastare, populari. II. n.
vastatio, populatio.
rave, v.intr. furere, insanire, bacchwri, deli-
rare, comb, ddirare et menle captum esse; =to
talk irrationally, t ineptire { = to do and say
things which are irreconcileable with common-
sense), (h)ariolari (lit., = to prophesy, then =
to talk nonsense ; ante class.) ; nugari (= to talk
and do silly things), (h)al{l)ucinari ( = 'to blun-
der, to talk as if one were dreaming).
raven, n. corvus.
ravening, adj. rapux, rorax, edax. rave-
nous, adj. 1, see Ravening ; 2, — very hungry,
cibi acid us. Adv. summa cibi aviditate, vora-
citer. ravenousness, n. cibi aviditas, vara-
citas, edacitas.
ravine, n. angustiae via mm (in gen. = nar-
row passage, path), fauces, -ium (= delile), sal-
tus, -us (= mountain pass).
raving, adj. see Rave, Mad.
ravish, v.tr. 1, ulqam (per vim) stuprare ; 2,
= to charm, oblectarc; see Delight, ravisher,
n. raptor, or by verb, ravishing, adj. dulcis,
mavis; see Delightful.
raw, adj. orudus (opp. cactus, also of
wounds), incoclus (= not yet boiled, opp. coctus,
ante Aug.) ; half — , subcrudus, rudis (of any-
thing in its natural state), impolilus (= un-
polished, e.g. stone), inctdtvs (= not manufac-
tured, worked up, cultivated, e.g. Held, vine) ;
— gold, silver, aurum, argentum infectum (opp.
argentum factum); — hands, troops, rudis; of
weather, frigidus (^ cold), humidus ( = damp).
raw-boned, adj. see Thin.
ray, n. rodiiu; a — of hope, spes, specula,
or by lux (e.g. lux quacdam cicitati affulsissii
visa est).
ray, n. a fish, raw (Plin.).
razor, n. cutter tonsorius, novanda.
reach, I. v.tr. and intr. 1, see Extendi
Stretch; 2, = to touch by extending, contin-
gcre, a/tingcre; 3, =to deliver with the hand,
porrigere, praebcre ; 4, = to arrive at, pervenire
cul or in with accus. (in gen.), attingcre locum,
rea
836
tea
caplre alijm locum (esp. by sea) J to — tlie har-
bour, portion eapire, in portum petvenire, per-
vehi; 5, = to arrive at by effort, assequi ; 6, of
reports, pervenire, accedere, defer ri ad alqm. II.
n. within — , quod vianu prehendi. quod con-
tingi potest; out of — of gunshot, extra Uli
jactum or conjectum.
reach, retch, v.intr. nauseate, reach-
ing, n. nausea.
react, v.tr. 1, to — a play, fiibulam iterum or
denuo dare (of the author), or edcre (of the
manager of a theatre), or agere (of the actors) ;
2, to — r.pon, alqm afjiccre (with adv. of the
manner in which the affection takes place), re-
action, n. commutatio (= change).
read, v.tr. and intr. legire (in gen. ; lit. =
to pick up, gather, e.g. spicas), recitare (= to —
aloud, recite), praeire or pro e ire voce (= to — to
anyone in order that he may repeat it after him) ;
to — anything often, lectitare ; to — anything
in a cursory manner, to glance at, pervolvere,
pervolutare ; fig. to — in the future, praesagire
futura ; to — the future in the stars, e. side-
rum positu et. sjxdiis conjectunnn fiuxre de rebus
futuris ; to — it in anyone's looks, by alqd in
alcjs vultn or ex toto ore eminet (e.g. pigritia et
disperatio in omnium vultu cminet, toto ex ore
crudelitos eminet) ; a person that is well — ,
homo satis lit{t)eratns, eruditus, disertus ; fairly
well — , tinctus lit(tjeris; to be much — , in
manibus c-.se. readable, adj. jncundtts ; see
Delightful, reader, u. lector, recitator (=
one who reads aloud), anagnostes (— a slave
who reads aloud), reading, n. lectin, pel-
leetio, recitatio (aloud to anyone = recital);
want of — , iiiscitia lit(f)eraruw ; worth — ,
dignus qui legatur, legendus; a true or false —
in an author, vera or falsa lectin, reading-
desk, n. perhaps pulpitum.
ready, adj. 1. instructvs, paratvs {ad alqd or
with infill.), promptus (= quick, ad alqd or in
alqd or in cdqd re), comb, promptus ct paratus,
expeditus ( = always prepared, in readiness) ;
— to do a thing, paratus factre alqd or ad
alqd faciendum; simply with the part. fnt.
act. (e.g. moriturus, periturus) ; to be — , ad
mauum esse, praesto adesse, forbad alqd; at
anybody's command, ad nutum alcjs expedi-
tum esse; to get or make — , parare, instru-
ire alqd ; to get oneself — for, se parare ad
alqd, se expedire ad alqd, {coyn)parare, instruere
alqd ; = finished, perfectus, ahsolutus ; — money,
pecunia praesens or numerata; to pay — money,
pecuniam repraesentare ; 2, = obliging, offidosus,
facilis. Adv. promjite, prompto nr panda annuo,
libenter, libentissimo animo or (of several) liben-
tissimis animis ; = easily, facile, readi-
ness, ii. 1. to be in ■ — , poratum, promptum,
promptvm paratumque, expeditum esse (of per-
sons), sub manibvs esse (of servants, etc., at
band, etc.), ad manum esse (of persons and
tilings), in promptu esse, paratum or provisum
esse, svppetere (= to be in sufficient quantity,
of corn, etc); to hold in — , habere paratum,
■in expedite ; 2, animus promptus or paratus,
facilitas, oJHcium, stndium.
real, adj. 1, = not fictitious, vents (= true,
e.g. gloria, lavs), certns{= certain), sincerns{= un-
alloyed), germanu.i (= true, e.g. brother; hence
= genuine, e.g. Stoicus, patria); a — scholar, vere
doctus, sometimes by ipse (e.g. the — man, homo
ipse) ; 2, !n law, quod ad rem or res spectat, ad
res pertinens; a — estate, solum, fundus. Adv.
=s truly, vere, re, revera (or as two words, re
vera), prof ecto, (enim)vero; ironically scilicet, !n
question, itanevero? reality, n. quod est sen
quod esse potest (Vilr.), res, res verae, verum.
(ss realities, facts, what really exists opp. res
jictac), Veritas, ilalura (both these words fii art
abstract sense); in — , re, re. vera, reapst / to
become a — , fieri, ejhci, ad effectum euldvei.
realize, v.tr. 1, = to carry into effect, facere,
cfficcrc, perficere, ad effectnm adducere or perdu-
cere, ad verum perduccre ; 2, = to grasp mentally,
intellegere {animo), repraesentare, ante, ociffos or
sibi propoHcre ; 3, of money, pecuniam redigere
or alqd alqn prelio vendere. realization, n.
effectus, -us, inventio et excogitatio (= discovery),
or by uxente concipcre.
realm, n. ciintas, respublica {— state), rcgnum
(= kingdom).
ream, n. of paper, viginii scapi {scapns =
a cylinder on which twenty sheets were rolled).
reanimate, v.tr. 1, lit. perhaps alqm a
t mortc revocare or mortno vitam reddire or resti-
turre ; 2, fig. to — anyone's hoj>e, ad novam
spem alqm excitare or erigcre, novam spent alci
ostendere.
reap, v.tr. 1, (depnetere; 2, prow, as you
sow, su you will — , ut sementem feceris, ita
metes; to — where we have not sown, alienos
ugros demetcre, sub arbore quam alius consevit
leghre fructum (Liv.) ; fig. = to gain, fructum
capere, percipcre, the fruit of, ex alqa re, fructum
alcjs reiferre. reaper, n. messor. reaping-
hook, ii. fol.r.
reappear, v.intr. redire (= to return).
rear, n. agmen extremum or novissimum,
acies novissima or extrema ; the — of the enemy,
liostes norissimi, postrcini ; to form the — , agmen
claudere, cogire.
rear, I. v.tr. 1, see Raise, Lift ; 2, to — up,
plants, i-te., alere (in gen.); children, educare,
educire; see Educate; 3, tig., see Exalt, Ele-
vate. II. v.intr. of horses, ex(syidtare, tollere se
arrectnm.
reason, I. n. 1, = cause, principium, mi-
lium, fans, -litis, m. (= source, origin), causa (=
cause), comb, causa et semen (e.g. belli), ratio;
to state a — , (causam or rationem) afferrc
(e.g. citr credam, afferre possum, firmissimum
argumentum afferri videatur) ; not without a — ,
non sine causa, cum causii ; for this — , that,
etc., propterca {quod), quod, quoniam, quamob-
rem, quapropter, qv.arc, idcirco, itaque ; by —
of, ex alqd re; there is no — , I have no — to,
etc., or why, etc., non est, nihil est, quod or cur;
non habeo, nihil habeo, quod or cur, with subj.
(e.g. you have no — to make yourself uneasy,
nihil est quod te moveat); I have — to feel
ashamed, est quod mepudeat; what — has he (to
say, etc.)'/ quid est quod, etc. ? I have more —
to congratulate you than to request you, magi*
est quod tibi gratuler, quam quod te rogem ; =
fact, proof, «r(7?(7>i«7i<i<7M, res (generally in the
pi., op]), verba); 2, ratio (as that which calcu-
lates), mens (= understanding), prudentia, con-
silium (= prudence) ; void of — , ratione carens,
rationis expers ; 3, see Right, Justice; 4, =
moderation, aeuuitus (also = feeling of justice),
justitia, fas (of what is right according to the
voice of anyone's conscience), moderatio, lib-
eralitas ; in — , ex aequo, sicut aeqnum est,
ut par est. II. v.intr. ratiocinari (in gen.),
disputarc or disserere de cdqd re (about any-
thing, animo or secum. rcputare (with oneself) ;
see Argue, reasonable, adj. 1, rationis
particeps {= rational), modestus (= unassuming),
rationi conveniens, consentaneus (= in accord-
ance with reason) ; 2, = moderate, aequus (= ac-
cording to — demands), Justus (= according to
what \s right, both of persons and things),
meritve (= rightly deserved, e.g. praise), modicim
(= moderate, In price, etc.); to buy at a --
cost, bene tmere. Adv. rationi eontenuntet,
rea
837
rec
merito, jure, bene, parvo pretio (= cheaply).
reasonableness, n. ratio ; = moderation,
aequitas, justitia, mode ratio, modestia; see Rea-
son, reasoner, n. disputator, or use verb.
reasoning, n. ratiocinatio, argumentatio ; see
also Reason.
reassemble, I. v.tr. recolligere. II. v.intr.
iterum eogi or convenire ; see Assemble.
reassert, v.tr. 1, .— to repeat, iterare, iterum
co nji rmare ; see Assert; 2, = to re-establish,
reslUuire (= to restore), vindicare (= to claim).
reassume, v.tr. recipere.
reassure, v.tr. confi rmare, recreate, erigere.
rebel, I. v.intr. seditionem movere(=to cause &
revolt), imperiumauspiciumqueabnuire (=to re-
fuse obedience, of soldiers), rebellare, rcbcllionem
facere (of a tribe recently subdued), imperium
alcjs detrectare'( = to refuse to obey anyone), defi-
ccre ab alqo or ab alcjs imperio, desciscere ab alqo
(= to desert anyone). II. n. homo seditiosus,
nororum consiliorum attctor, rebellion, n.
seditio, motus, -us, tumultits, -its, rebellio. re-
bellious, adj. seditiosus, turbukntus, novarum
rental cupidus or studiosus. Adv. seditiose, tur-
biilente(r).
rebellow, v.intr. reboare, resonare.
rebound, v.intr. repercuti, repelli (= to be
driven back), residtre (=to fall back, of persons
and things), resilire (= to jump back), resultare
(= to leap back, of things) ; of echo, resonare,
vocent reddere or rtmittere, voci rcspontiere.
rebuff, I. v.tr. repellcre, re(j)icere. II. n.
repulsa (of a candidate ; only poet, in wider
sense), or by repelli; see Refusal.
rebuild, v.tr. alqd tolum denuo or tie In-
tegra aedijicare, restituere, rejicere, renovare (= to
beautify).
rebuke, I. v.tr. alqm reprehendcre de or in
alqd re, alqm vilujwrare de alqd re, alqm objur-
gate de or in alqd re, alqm (verbis) cctstigare, alqm
or alqd increpare, alqm inerepitare, alqm alcjs rei
incusare; see Blame. II. n. reprehensio, vitu-
peratio, objurgatio, convicittm (= scolding), casti-
gatio. rebuker, n. reprchensor, castigator, ob-
jttrgator.
rebut, v.tr. redarguerc, repellcre, refellere;
see Confute.
recall, I. v.tr. 1, revocare (the proper term,
e.g. an opinion, scntentiam ; a promise, promts-
sum), retractare (= to recant, e.g. words, dicta),
alqd irrituvi esse jubere (e.g. largitiones), rescindere
( = to rescind, e.g. a decree, a will), mutare (=to
change, e.g. one's opinion, scntentiam) ; 2, = to
call back, revocare (verbally and in writing, lit.
and fig.), ulqmreverti jubere( = to order any one to
return); to — an ambassador, alqm e legatioiie
revocare ; to — troops from the battle, signum re-
eeptuidare; to — to their (the people's) minds,
mtntoriam alcjs rei renovare or redintegrare ; to
— to anyone's mind, aid alqd in memoriam re-
digere or redueerc, abpn in memoriam alcjs rei
revocare or rcducire; to — to one's mind, me-
moriam alcjs rei repetirc or revocare. II. n.
revocalio, or by verbs, receplus, -us (— signal, for
— of troops).
recant, v.tr. se scntentiam revocare dieere.
recantation, n. use verb.
recapitulate, v.tr. enumerare, referre (= to
relate) or more exactly colligcre et commoner* qui-
bus de rebus verba fecerimus breviter. reca-
pitulation, n. enumeratio, rerum repctitio et
cuugrcgatio.
recapture, I. v.tr. reoipere, II. n. by verb.
recast, v.tr. 1, lit. recoqnere, con flare (= to
mc}t down) ; 2, tig- tottnn dcn]iQ flnncrc (lit. = to
mould all anew, Plaut.), finger t. or jbrmare ill
tdiitd (lit. = to make into something quite dif-
ferent), reooquere (lit and fig.), commutare(= to
transform, e.g. rempublicam), renova re ( = to give a
new shape, e.g. alqd in legibus); see Transform.
recede, v.intr. recedtre, retro cedere.
receipt, n. 1, acceptio, orbycircumloc. with
accipcre (e.g. after the — of the money, etc.,
pecunid acceptd; after the — of your letters,
lit(t)eris tttis accept is or allatis) ; to acknowledge
the — of, testari se acccpissc alqd ; to sign the —
in a book, acceptum refine alqd ; 2, "f money,
a — , apocha (Jet., ojru^ij) or accepti latio (or
as one word acceptilatio, when the money has
really been paid ; ac. Int. = a discharge, UIp.
Dig.), uutapoclia (= a written acknowledgment
by the party who paid the money, to the
effect that he paid it and got a — for it, Jet.) ;
to enter the — of anything, alqd habere accep-
tum; to give a — for, acceptum alqd testari
(= to acknowledge to have received); 3, = a
recipe, a medical prescription, prueceptum ;
to make up a — (of the druggist), meilicamen-
ttim ex vied ici formula dilucre. receive, v.tr.
1, accipcre (in the widest sense ; also = to take
a drink, medicine, poison, etc.), ferre, nanchei
(of good and evil, accidentally or by chance,
without any effort on our part) ; 2, to — a per-
son, accipcre, excipere, salutart (= to greet, wel-
come), recipere; to — kindly, benigne or benigno
vultu excijiere, benigne salutare; to — one who
arrives (in going to meet him), alci obviam
vciticnti procedure; to — anyone in a ship, car-
riage, to take in, tollcre alqm; 3, in one's house,
recipere (as a benefactor), excipere (as a friend),
hospitio accipcre or excipere tecto, ad se (domum)
recipere; 4, anywhere, to — as citizen, a(d)scis-
cere in numerum cirittm, facere civon ; into a
family, in familiam assumere ; among the patri-
cians, inter patricios or in numerum patriciorum
assumere; into a society, etc., cooptare (in colle-
gium et in ordinem) ; among (the number of)
one's friends, in amicitiam recipere, accipcre, ad
amicitium u(d)scribere, ainicum sihi adjungcre;
not to — , re(j)icere; 5, to — , take anything
said or done in a certain manner, accipcre, ex-
cipere, iuterprctari (=to put an interpretation
upon it); well, in bonam partem accipcre, boni
or acqui bonique facere, boni consulcrc; not well,
badly, ill, in malum partem accipere ; aegre,
gruviter, moleste, indignc ferre, male iuterprc-
tari. receiver, U. 1, qui cliqd accipit, receptor
(esp. in bad sense, of thieves, etc.); 2, exactor
(of taxes), portitor (of customs), receptacle,
n. reccptaculum (= any place where things may
be deposited or kept), cella, eellula (= store-
room, cellar), horreum (=store-room, barn), ajio-
theca (— repository for wine), armarium (for
clothes), claustrum (for wild beasts), piscina
(for fish; also in gen. = water reservoir),
cavea (for birds), reception, n. 1, in gen.
acceptio, or by verbs; 2, reeeptio, hospitium (in
anyone's house and at his table), aditus, -lis (=
access to anyone), cooptatio (into a body, so-
ciety, etc.) ; to meet with a good, bad — , bene,
male accipi, benigne, male excipt, at, ab alqo.
receptive, adj. uptus ad discendum, docilis.
receptiveness, receptivity, n. doeUUat.
recipient, n. gut accipit.
recent.adj. rcrei!s(ofwhatcamconly recently,
of late, into existence, fresh, = young, opp. anti-
quus, i.e. what existed in former times), also
comb, recens ac novus or novus ac recens (of a
thing that is but new, as well as of that which
has but lately begun to exist). Adv. «u;x.t,
recens (ante and post class.).
receptacle, see under Receive.
recess, n. 1, = retired place, rccessus, -u-i,
rec
838
rec
secessus, -its, penetrale (usu. pi. and mostly poet.) ;
— in a room, perhaps angulus; 2, = holidays,
feriae.
recipe, n, see Receut, 3.
reciprocal, adj. mutuits. Adv. mv.tuo, in-
vicem. reciprocate, v.tr. inter se dare.
reciprocity, n. vicissitudo (= alternation), or
by verb.
recital, n. enumeratio, narratio, commemora-
tio. recite, v.tr. 1, = to repeat aloud, pronun-
tiarc, recitare ; 2, = to narrate, enumerate, (com)-
memorare, diecre, (c)narrare, referre, expowre ;
see Narrate, Say. recitation, n. lectio, re-
citatio. recitative, n. recitatio noiis signisquc
composita. reciter, n. recitator.
reckless, adj. 1, = rash, neglegcns, temera-
riiis, incautus, imprudens ; 2, = of anything,
ncglegens alcjs. Adv. negkgenter ('= carelessly),
tenure (= rashly), imprudenter (^'inconsiderate-
ly). recklessness, n. imprudentia, socordia,
iifjlegentia, temeritas ; see Rashness, Care-
lessness, or by verbs.
reckon, v.tr. 1, computare, computare ra-
tionem rei ; 2, see Consider, reckoning, n.
ratio; to form a — , rationem habere rei, aesti-
mare rem, rationem inire ; by my — , med opi-
nione; to run your pen through the — , alci ra-
tiones conturbare ; to find your — in, quaestum
faeere in re.
reclaim, v.tr. 1, repelere(by request), reposcere
(imperatively), exigere (=to collect money that is
owing, e.g. crcdita, anything lent), alqd recipere
(= to recover), alqm or alqd ab alqd re vvndieai
2, fig. to call back from error, vice, etc., alq
revocare ad. rirtutem (a perditd lu.vurid, etc.),
alqm ad officii) m reducere.
recline, I. v.tr. reclinare ; to — the head
■upon the elbow, niti or initi cubito, initi in
eiibitum. II. v.intr. jaccrc (= to lie), accumbere,
(ac)cubare (at table), reclining, adj. (rc)snpi-
mis (on the back).
recluse, n. homo solitarius; see also Her-
mit.
recognise, v.tr. 1, a(d)gnoscere, (re)cognoscere
(=to make the acquaintance of anyone a second
time); to — anyone by anything, Hoscitare alqm
alqd re (e.g. facie, voce); 2,= to acknowledge,
cognoscere (in gen.), appellare alqm with aecus.
of the title (=to declare anyone), (com)probare
(= to approve), accipere (= to receive), recog-
nition, n. 1, in gen., see Recocnise; 2, com-
pnbat'w. recognizance, n. sponsio, vadi-
monium ; to enter into — s, vadimonium faeere.
recoil, v.intr. repercuti, resilire (lit. and
fig.), t resultare, recellere ; to — at, refugcre et
reformidare alqd.
recollect, v.tr. alcjs rei (com)meminisse,
reminisci, alqd recordari, comb, reminisci ct re-
cordari, or by memoriam alcjs rei tenerc or habere,
memorem or hand immemorem esse alcjs rei (all
= meminisse), memoriam alcjs rei repetere, rec 1
carp, renorare, redintegrare, memorid repetere alqd,
s>ibit animvm alcjs rei memoria, alqd mihi in
memoriam, venit mihi in mentem. alqd, alcjs rei,
de alqd, re (all = reminisci) ; to — anything
quite well, commeminisse with genit. ; I cannot
— it, memorid alqd ercessit, delapsum est, erne-
morid alqd mihi exiit, excidit, ex animo alqd
effilixit, fvgit or refugit alqd mram memoriam.
recollection, n. memoria (= memory, and re-
membrance), recordatio (the act), comb, recor-
datio et memoria, memoria ac recordatio ; to
bring to one's — , in memoriam redigere, reducere,
revocare.
recommence, I. V.tr. de Integra instaurare
(= to .set on foot again), (rcd)intc^rare t ~ to
begin afresh), renovare (= to renew), iterare (=
to begin a second time), repcttre (=to repeat,
after an interruption). II. v.intr. rcnasci, or
by pass, of verbs given above.
recommend, v.tr. commendare; to — one-
self, gratvM esse, pladrc, probari (all of persons
and things), to anyone, alci; by, se commen-
dare alqd re (of persons), commendnri alqd re
(of things), rccommendable, adj. coynmen-
dandus, commendationc dignits, coinmenddbilis.
recommendation, n. commendatio, lavdatio,
suffragatio (by voting in favour) ; to give any-
one a — to anyone, alqm commendare alci,
ad alqm de alqo scribere ; his — is of great use
to me with, maxima usui mihi est alcjs com-
mendatio apud alqm; a letter of — , lil{t)erae
cmnmendaticius ; to give anyone a letter of —
to, alqm commendare alci per lit(t)eras. re-
commendatory, adj. commendaticiiis.
recompense, I. n. pretiinn, merces, -cdis,
{., reinuneratio, mumis, -eris, n. ; sec Reward.
II. v.tr. compensare, rcmuneruri ; see Re-
ward.
reconcile, v.tr. 1, placare (by reconciliatory
means, in gen., e.g. nvmen divinum), Ktpiare(any-
thing polluted by a crime, e.g. nnmen, manes); to
— a person with anyone, alqm cu m alqo or alqm or
alcjs auimumalci reconciliare or reducere or resti-
luere in graliam, also alqm In alcjs gratiam recon-
ciliare or rcstitucrc; to — oneself with, to any-
one, reconciliari alci, reconciliare sibi alqm or
edejs animum or alcjs gratiam, in gratiam cum
alqo redire or reverti ; 2, = to make congruous,
alqd ad alqd or alci rei accommodare, faeere ut
alqd cum alqd re conveniat or congrual ; lig. of
things, to be — d together, congrvere, congruen-
tcm esse alci rei, aptiim esse alci rei, non alieninn
esse ab alqd re, both with genit. (e.g. sapientis
est); 3,= to submit to, se siib(j)icere, obtcm-
perare or pure re, with dat., alqd siibire or per-
fcrre; see Yield, reconcilable, recon-
ciliatory, adj. 1, placdbilis; 2, qui (quae,
quod) alci rei accommodari potest, reconciler,
n. reconcilialor gratiae. reconciliation, n.
1, reconciliatio concordiae or gratiae ; 2, see
Atonement ; 3, = agreement of things seem-
ingly opposite, by verb Reconcile, 2.
recondite, adj. recondltus.
reconduct, v.tr. reducere.
reconnoitre, v.tr. to — a locality, etc., cog-
noscere quails sit natura edejs loci, naturam alcjs
loci pcrspicere (accurately), situm alcjs loci specu-
lar i(= to explore), viserealqd (in gen. = to inspect
anything, e.g. copias hostium), crplorare alqd ( =
to spy out, e.g. itinera hostium) ; one sent out to
— , cxplorator. reconnoitring, n. by verbs.
reconquer, v.tr. recipere, reciperare (rccup-).
reconsider, v.tr. denuo, rursvs or iterum
considerarc, reputare, etc. ; see Consider.
record, I. v.tr. referre in tabulas, libellum,
el''., lit(t)eris or memoriae mandare. II, n.
!il(t)crae, tabulae, historia, monwnentum, memo-
ria alcjs rei. records, pi. annates , -mm, m.
(= annals), acta (publica or diurna or urbana, =
journal), fasti (= calendar), tabulae (publicac) (—
oilicial state — ), actaSc>iatus(= — ofthe Senate).
record-office, n. taJndariwn. recorder,
n. = keeper of records, chartularius (legal, Jet.),
componendis pat rum actis delectus (Tac, of re-
cords of the Senate) ; = a judge, judex.
recount, v.tr. referre; see Relate.
recourse, n. to have — to anyone or to
anything, arnfitgere or perfugere ad alqm or alqd
(lit. and lig.), alcjs rei perfvgio vti (fig. e.g.
aqnarum), decurrere ad alqm or alqd, se ad alqii\
roiiferre ; in bad sense, ad alqd descender^
¥60
839
ref
recover, I. v.tr. rccipire, (e.g. res amissas)
reciperare, rcparare, repetcre; to — one's debts,
evincere (Jet.), nomiiM sua exigere (e.g. amissa).
II. v.intr. 1, convalescere, sanescire, sanitulem
recipere or reciperare, restitui in sanitatem; to
— from illness, convalescere e viorbo ; 2, in
gen. = to regain a former condition, se or
animum colliycre, se reficere, se or animum re-
cipere with and without ex (a) pavore, se recreate
ex timore, respirare a metu, respirare el se reci-
pere (from fright), se or animum crigcrc (from
a desponding state of mind), vires, auctori-
tatem, opes reciperare, pristituim fortunam re-
parare (= to regain influence, etc.) ; in law, see
above, recoverable, adj. quod restitui or
reparari, etc., potest, \reparabilis; in law, quod
evinci potest (Jet.), recovery, n. 1, in gen.
reciperatio ; 2, saiiitas restltuta, valeludo coufir-
mata ; to have, to entertain, no hopes for
anyone's — , alqm or edejs salutem desperure
(Cic.); all the medical men doubt of his — ,
omnes medici difiiclunt ; 3, in law, evictio (Jet).
recreant, n. 1, = apostate, apostata (EccL);
2, see Coward.
recreate, v.tr. 1, = to create anew, renovare,
recreare; see Renew ; 2, = to amuse, etc., one-
self, rcquiescere. (= to rest), animum relaxare, re-
mittere, mentem reficere et recreare (= to revive),
recreation, n. reqvies, -etis (= rest) ; — of the
mind (after hard work, care, etc.), auimi re-
missio, relaxatio, oblectatio, requies ; for — , Ipj:-
andi levaiulique animi gratia; to allow oneself
a few moments' — , aliquantulum sibi parcere.
recriminate, v.intr. culpam, crimen, etc.,
in alqm regerere. recrimination, n. aceusotio
mutua (Taa).
recruit, I. v.tr. and intr. 1, one's strength,
$e or vires recreare, reficere; 2, to — the army,
supplere, explere,' detections supplere, supplement-
um scribcre aid, reficere, milites conscribere,
dehctum habere. II. n. novus miles (in gen.),
tiro (not drilled, opp. vetus miles, Vetera mt s) ;
the — s, milites tirones, milites in supplcmentum
lecti, also supplement um (= reserve) ; a — ing
officer, conquisitor. recruiting, n. conquisi-
tlo, delectus, -us.
rectangle, n. figura orthogonia. rect-
angular, adj. orthogonios.
rectification, n. eorrectio, emendatio. rec-
tify, v.tr. corriglrc, emendate (mistakes in writ-
ing, copying, printing) ; see Correct.
rectilineal, adj. (di)rectus.
rectitude, n. aequitas, probitas, integritas,
lionestas, simplicitas, ingenuitas(in one's actions),
animus ingenuus.
rector, n. of a grammar-school or college,
scholarum, gymuasii, academiae, rector or mode-
rator; to be — of, etc., praeesse, praefeclum esse
alci rei; of a parish, paroeciae rector, or, where
possible, sacerdos (= priest).
recumbent, adj. (re)supinus, ireclinis, or
by rcclinari ; see Recline.
red, adj. ruber, rubens (= bright — ), ru/us(=
light—, auburn), rutilus(= lire-red) ; rubicundus
(= ruddy), rubidus (= dark — ), punkcus (=
purple ), \ sanguineus (= blood — ), \fiammeus
(= flame-coloured) ; — hair, capillus rufus or
rutilus; the — sea, Sinus Arabicus. redden,
I. v.tr. t rubefacere. II. v.intr. (e)rubesccrc( = to
blush), red-hot, adj. candetis, ferrens. red-
lead, n minium, redness, n. ru&or, pudor.
redeem.v.tr. redimere, Uberare (=to set free);
a pledge, repignerare quod pignori datum est
^Ict.) ; sec also Free, redeemer, n. liberator,
tndex, from anything, alcjs rei (= deliverer), re-
^emptor (by ransom ; * mnndi redemptor, the — of
the world), * servator ; see SAVioun. redemp-
tion, n. 1, redemptio, liberation deliverance);
2, in theology, '6alus( — salvation), * redemptio.
redolent, adj. alqd reddens.
redouble, v.tr. reduplicare, i ingeminate.
redoubt, u. easttllum, propugnaculum.
redound, v.intr. redundare; to anyone's
credit, esse with double dat. (e.g. it — a to jay
credit, est mihi honori). redundancy, n. re-
dundantia. redundant, adj. rulundatis, su-
pervweaneus.
redress, I. v.tr. = to amend, eorrigere, emen-
date, restituere, alci rei medcri, alci satisfacere
de alqd re; to — a wrong, iujuriam sarcire. II.
n. sutisfactio, remedium, or by verb.
reduce, v.tr. 1, = to bring to any state, to
— to order, in integrum reducere (civil affairs,
ete.) ; to — a man to poverty, alqm ad inopiam
redigere; to — to ashes, incendio delereQ* house,
town, etc.), incendiis vastare (e.g. omnia) ; to —
one to despair, alqm ad desperationcm adduce re
or redigere; 2, = to diminish in length, quan-
tity, etc., (im)minuere, dcmiwiere (in gen.); to —
the price of, pretivm alcjs rei (im)minuere ; 3, =
to conquer, vincere, ex])ugnare (of a stronghold).
reduction, n. 1, by verbs; 2, expngnatio ;
3, in arith. and logic, reductio.
reduplication, n. rcduplicatio as gram, t.t.
reecho, v.intr. resonare alqd or alqd re or
remitters, alqd re residtare.
reed, n. carcx( = sedge, shear-grass), arundo
(= cane), canna (= small — ), calamus, reedy,
adj. arundineus. '
reef, I. n. 1, scopuli, saxa (= rocks) ; see
Rock ; 2, = portion of a sail, velum. II. v.tr.
vela subducere.
reek, v.intr. fumare.
reel, I. n. 1, = a winder, glomus (= ball, e.g.
lini); 2, = a dance, salkitio. II. v.intr. tibu-
bare, vacillare.
reelect, v.tr. reficere.
reestablish, v.tr. restituere, reficere. re-
establisher, n. restitutor. reestablish-
ment, u. restitutio, refect io ; see Renewal.
refectory, n. cenacidum.
refer, I. v.tr. 1, = to direct, etc., anyone or
anything to another person, alqm or alqd dele-
gare ad alqm or ad alqd, revocare alqm ad alqm
or ad alqd (e.g. alqm ad Graecorum poitarum
fabulas), rc(j)icire or remittere alqd ad alqm (e.g.
causam ad senatum); 2, hg. to — anything to a
thing, referre or deferre alqd ad alqd; anything
to another matter, alqd ad idiom rem transferre;
everything to sensual pleasure, omnia ad vohip-
tatem corporis referre. II. v.intr., to anyone or
to anything, spectare ad tdqd (intended), jierii-
ncre, rcferri ad algd (really), alqm or alqd attin-
gere or perstringcre, alcjs rei meutionem facere;
it — s to this, that, etc., hoc eo Imectat, vt, etc. ;
it — s to those who, etc., hoc illis dictum est,
qui, etc. ; to — a speech, a sermon, etc., to any-
one, oralione designalur alq3 ; = to apical to
anyone, provocure ad alqm, ap)*Uare twpn and
alqd (both also = to appeal to a higher tribunal),
alqm testari, alqm testem citarc (= to — to anyone
as a witness), delegare, rc(j)icere ahpn ad alqd
(for better information), afferre alqd (=to — to,
as a proof), alcjs rei excusationem afferre, alcjs rei
excusatione uti(= to — to anything, as an cxeuse
for, etc.). referable, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad
alqm or alqd rcferri potest, referee, n. arbiter.
reference, n. 1, to anyone, by verbs ; 2,
allusion to books, persons, etc. ; see Quota
tion ; 3t 5= relation, by ratio ; to have — to..
ref
840
reg
periinere, referri ad alqd ; having no — to
the matter, alienus ab alqa re; with — to,
etc., by quod- attinet ad (e.g. quod ad Ubrum
attinet'quem tibi flius dabat, Cic), or by ad
(e.g. adornalum ad specimen magnifico nrnatu,
Cic.) ; or by de with abl. (= on account of, con-
cerning, e.g. rectc non credis de mimcro mili-
um, Cic).
refill, v.tr. replcrc.
refine, v.tr. 1, liquarc (yinum), purgare
(Plin., gold, silver, etc.); 2, fig. (ex)polire,
excolere. refined, adj. (ex)polltus, urbanus,
coniis (= courteous), humanus, liberalis, elegans ;
a — palate, palatum subtile; — torture, exquisi-
tum supplicium. refinement, n. 1, of liquids,
etc., by verb Refine, I. ; 2, of manners, etc.,
nrbanitas. comitas, humanitas, elegantia; of
language, etc., subtilitas, comb, subtilitas et
elegantia, argutiue.
reflect, I. v.tr. to — the rays of light, radios
repercutere, regerere. II. v.intr. 1, of the mind,
rcmittere ; the mind is — ed in the face, mens in
facie tanquam in speculo ccmitur, or imago men-
tis est vultus ; to — on, secum in animo consider-
are, or simply consiilerare alqd or de alqd re
(= to dwell on), cmnmentari alqd or de alqd re
{= to think over in private) ; alqd or de alqd re
secum meditari, alqd secum reputare, alqd (rc)col-
vere, memoriam alcjs rci repetcrc or revocurc;
see Think ; 2, to — upon, culpare ; see Blame.
reflection, u. 1, of rays, etc., rcpercussus, -us
(Piin.) ; 2, = image reflected, imago; 3, —
thought, meditalio, commentatio, cogitatio, con-
sideratio, deliberatio, repututio ; 4, as quality,
mens, ratio, consilium ; 5, = blame, reprchensio ;
see Blame, reflective, adj. 1, magni consilii ;
3ce Thoughtful ; 2, Gram, rtciproevs.
reflux, u. reccssus, -us.
reform, I. v.tr. 1, = to make anew, renovare,
restitucre; of scattered troops, ordiucs rest itvere;
2, = to amend, corrigere, emendure. II. v.intr.
$•• corrigere, mores suos mutare, in viam redirc.
III. n. correctio, emendatio (in gen.); of man-
ners, nwrum mutatio. reformation, n. 1
see Reform, III. ; 2, Keel., reformatio, re-
formatory, n. by circuml. (e.g.' career ad see-
lestos corrigendos destinalus), or, where context
allows, by career alone, reformer, n. correc-
tor, emendaior.
refract, v.tr. radii infringuntur or refrin-
guntur. refraction, n. refractio radiorum.
refractory, adj. contumar ( = contumacious),
imperium detrectans (= refusing to obey, of
Soldiers, subjects), detrectans mililiam (= of
soldiers), refractoriness, n. contumacia.
refrain, v.tr. (se) abstinerc, se continere ab
alqd re, (sibi or animis) temperare ab alqd. re or
quin or quominus; to — from tears, lacrimas
tenere, temperare a lacrimis.
refresh, v.tr. rrfrigerare( = to cool), recrcare,
reficere (= to revive, to renew one's physical
strength), tomb, reficere et recrearc, recriare rt
reficere ; to — anyone by giving him something to
cat, eibo jurare alqm ; to — with meat and drink,
cibo ic potione firman alqm ; to — oneself,
nnimum reparare, rela.rare, intcgrare (in gen.) ;
by mental recreation, animo rtlaxari. refresh-
ing, adj. reflciens, recreans, mavis, dnhis. re-
freshment, ii. 1, rcfrrtin (as act), id quod
corpus reficit (— what refreshes the body), de-
ledatio (= delight, (IB a condition), loramentitm
(fur the mind); 2, — fl, cibvs.
refrigerate, v.tr. refrigerarc.
refuge, n. perfuginm , rcfugium, asylum (= an
asylum for cyerybndy gen, a sacred grove or
temple), rccessus, -iis, secessus, -Us (=retreat), re-
ceptaculum (= a place where one may find shelter
from prosecution, etc.), portus, -iis (lit. = harbour ;
hence fig. = any place of shelter), comb, portus
et perfugium, praesidium, comb, pcrfvgium et
praesidium salutis ; to seek a — at a place, (co«)-
fiigere or perfugere or rifugere ad or in alqm
loeiim, alqo loco perfugio uti ; to have a — , per-
fugium or receptum habere, refugee, n. fugi-
tivus (= a runaway slave, or a deserter), end,
cztorris, profugns (= exile).
refulgent, adj. see Bright.
refund, v.tr. redden (e.g. ad assem old im-
pensum, (dis)solvcre (e.g. a debt, nomen ; to — a
sum of money lent, aes alienum), rescribcre (=
to pay money by bill).
refuse, I. v.tr. alqd rccusarc (or with accus-
and infin., quin or quominus = to — to do any
thing), alqd (de)negare (or with accus. and flit-
infin.), alqd detrectare, repwdiare, renuere, respu-
ere; to — anything to anyone, alqd alci recu-
sare. II. n. ramentum (Plin., = shavings, etc.),
scobis( = sawdust, smaller than ramentum), retri-
mentum (of olives, metals, etc.), intertrimentum
(of metals, etc., in melting), purgamen(tum) (=
dirt swept oil), faex (= dregs, lit. and tig.), quis- i
quiliae (= sweepings, usu. tig.), sentina (= bilge-
water ; also tig.), refusal, n. recusatio, repu-
diatio, repulsa (= rejection of a candidate); to
give anyone the — of anything, alci potestalem
alcjs rei emendae facere.
refute, v.tr. refellcre (anyone's opinion by
arguments, a person or thing), redarguere (= to
convince of the contrary, a person or thing),
comb, refellcre et red re, con vincere (= to con-
vince anyone that he is wrong, to prove the
fallacy of anything, e.g. errores), revincere (=to
prove the contrary of an assertion), confutare,
e.g. argumenta Stoicorum), diluere (= to weaken,
e.g. crimen), comb, refutarc ac diluere, diluere tie
refellcre, diluere alqd etfalsum esse doccre, dissol-
vere ; to — anything by testimonies, evidence,
alqd tcstimon iis refutare. refutation, n. con-
futatio, refutatiu, responsio.
regain, v.tr. recipiere, reciperare,
regal, adj. see Royal.
regale, v.tr. see Entertain; to — one-
self, see Feast.
regalia, n. ornatus, -its, regins, insignia
rcgia (pi.).
regard, I. v.tr. 1, animum intendcre in
alqd or alci rei, alqd animpdecrtcre (or animum
oifie/7t>c, = to direct one'satteution to), observare
cdqd (= to notice), inineri (in) alqd (= to look at),
respicire alqd (— to mind), spectare alqd (= not
to lose sight of) ; as — s so-and-so, by pertinere
ad, etc. (= to concern), attinen ad, etc. ( = to be-
long to), spectare alqd or ad alqd (= to refer to),
attingcre alqm (= to have reference to anyone) ;
not to — , neglegere ; 2, = to care for, alg?» or
alqd carum habere, collre, diligere {= to esteem),
magni alqm aestimare ; 3, = to consider, ducerc,
habere; see Consider. II. n. 1, respeclus, -iis
(lit., = the looking back; hence consideration
of thoughts and sentiments), ratio ( = reference),
euro (=care); to have — to, etc., respectum
habere ad alqm, respicere alqm or alqd, rationem
habere alcjs or alcjs rei, rationcm dncere alcjs rei ;
for oneself, svam rationem dncfre, de. sc eogi-
tare ; out of — for, in Latin often by the dative
of the person, e.g. animadversioaem et suppli-
cium remitters alci; with — to anything, see
Reference ; 2, =cstccm, alcjs caritas, stadium,
amor (= love), pictas crga alqm (= dutiful
affection) ; see Affection ; kind — s (etiam aiipu,
eliam) rale, (ralcte) ; Cicero sends his — s, Ciccra
tibi fhlutan plurimam dicit. regardful, adj.
reg
841
rel
see Attentive, regardless, adj. in quo
nullius ratio luibetur, in quo delectus omnis et
discrimen omittitur, neglegens; see Careless.
Adv. neglegenter, nullius ratione hubitd, delectu
onaii et discrimine omisso.
regatta, n, sec Race.
regency, n. regni administrate, interreg-
num (= interreign), procuratio regni (— the
office of a viceroy) ; to entrust anyone with the
— , administrationem regni in alqm transfer re.
regent, n. procurator regni or imperii, inter-
rex.
regenerate, v.tr. regenerare; to be — d,
renasci. regeneration, n. regenerate (Eccl.).
regicide, n. 1, = murder of a king, regis
caedes, -is, f., in the context also parricidiwn
(regis); to commit — , regem interficire ; 2, = the
murderer, regis inte ejector or percussor or patri-
cida.
regiment, n. legio (of infantry), turma equi-
tum (of cavalry).
region, n. regio (in gen.), tractus, -us (— tract
of a country, referring to the distance), plaga
(only of the — of the sky, also plaga caeli), ora
(lit. = tract on the coast), pars(— part, district,
also of the sky), loca, pi. (places, gen. with an
adj. expressing the nature of the soil, e.g. loca
amoena).
register, I, n. liber (as note-book), tabulae
(= tallies), album (— an official account, report,
e.g. of the judges, suitors, applicants, etc.); to
enter in a — , in album referre. II. v.tr. in acta
publico, referre (of public — s), in tabulae referre
(in gen.), registrar, n. in gen. qui alqd in
acta publica refert, registration, n. use verb.
regret, I. n. (com)miseratio (= the giving
vent to one's compassion), dolor (= grief), desi-
derium (= longing), paenitentia (= repentance).
II. v.tr. dolere, aegre or molcste ferre, lugere (—
to mourn); it is to be — ted, dolendum est quod; I
— , doleo; hence = to repent, pacnilet or piget
vie alcjs rci ; = to feel the loss of, desiderare,
desiderio alcjs teneri.
regular, adj. ordinatus (= ordered), omnibus
membris aequalis et congruens (of the — shape of
the human body, also of a — building), omnibus
partibus absolutus et perfectus ( = perfect in gen.),
aequabilis (= equable), constans ( = not deviating
from the — course, e.g. the course of the stars) ;
certus ( = fixed), recho(=correct) ; — troops, mill-
tes legionarii (in the ancient sense, opp. velites,
= light troops) ; =s legitimate, ordinary, Justus
(in gen.), legitimus (= legitimate) ; a — battle,
justa pugna ; in — array, acie (in battle), com-
posito agmine (of line of march) ; the ■ — consuls,
consules ordinarii; — revenue, income, status
reditus, -us (opp. reditus extraordimirius). Adv.
online, constanter (e.g. cursus suos servare), recte,
ordinate, composite, juste, aequabiliter, legitime.
regularity, n. ordo, constantia, aequabilitas,
symmetria (= proportion, Vitr.), apta compositio
(of words in a sentence), regulate, v.tr. ordi-
iiare, componere, dirigerc, formare, fingere ; to —
oneself by anything, se ad alqd accommodare ; see
Arrange, regulation, n. ratio, ordo, -inis, m.,
mos, consuetudo, institutum (of what is custom-
ary), lex (of what has become almost a law) ; do-
mestic — , victus atltusqne, privatae vitae ratio ;
= order, jussum, praeceptum, edietum (— edict) ;
— s, instituta et leges; to make a few fresh — s,
quaedam nova instituere; a few useful — s, quae-
dam ntilia instituere, also quasdam utilitates
instituere; it is a wise — in nature that, etc.,
salubrit'er a natnrd institutum est, id or quod.
rehabilitate, v.tr. anyone's character, culpd
alqm Uberare.
27*
rehearsal, n. meditate (= previous stinh) ;
to have a — , praelndere fabnlae (of the actor),
rehearse, v.tr. see above ; praeludcrc concenlul
(of the orchestra and the singer).
reign, I. V.intr. regnare (as a king), Imperium
tenere, imperare, imperium alcjs terrae ootinere.
II. n. regnum, dominate, princijxdus, -ils, im-
perium ; in the — of, regnante at regealqo; sea
Rl'LE.
reimburse, v.tr. see Indemnify, Refund.
reimbursement, n. see Indemnity.
rein, I. n. hdbena, frenum (lit. and fig.),
lorum, pi. frena or fre.ni ; to pull the — s, ha-
benas adducere (lit. and lig.), to loosen the — s,
frenos dare (lit. and tig.); to take the — s of
government, clavum imperii tenere. II. v.tr.
frenare (lit. and fig.) ; to — in, habenas adducere.
reindeer, n. reno.
reinforce, v.tr. amplificare (= to cause to be
of greater extent, strength, e.g. n tone), augerc
(= to increase, e.g. an army); to — an army,
auxiliis conftrmare, copiis firmare; to — one's
army (of the commander), novis copiis se reno-
vare (after the army had been reduced in num-
bers), reinforcement, n. supplementum, novae
copiae (= new forces), auxilium (= allies), sub-
sidium (= reserve) ; somebody receives — , cojna
alci augetur, subaidium alci mittitur.
reins, n. rents, -urn, ra.
reinstate, v.tr. in (regnum, etc.) reducere,
or by restituere (= to restore).
reinvlgorate, v.tr. see Refresh.
reiterate, v.tr. see Repeat.
reject, v.tr. re(j)icire, improbare, nprohutt
fthe two foregoing = to disapprove), repudiate
(= to repudiate), respucre (=to spit out), speriiere,
aspernari(= to throw away, asp. implies disdain),
contemnere (— not to consider worth having) ; to
— entirely, omnino -non probare, fund it us repu-
diate, legem suffragiis repudiare (different from
legem abrogare, i.e. to rescind) ; a condition, a
proposal, condicionem repudiare or respucre ; to —
prayers, preces aversari. rejection, n. rejectio
(e.g.judicum), improbatio, repudiatio, aspernatio,
repulsu (of a candidate).
rejoice, I. v.intr. gaudere (= to be glad), lae-
tari (= to be merry), gestire(the strongest expres-
sion, when we manifest our joy in our looks, etc.),
subridere (— to smile as a sign of joy) ; to — at
anything, gaudere, laetari alqd re (the latter con-
struction is used to denote that the joy con-
tinues ; the simple accus. only with a neuter
pron. with accus. and infin., and gaudere also
with quod), delectari alqd re; very much, gaudere
vehementerque laetari; very much at, magnam
laetitiam voluptatemque capere (or jxrcipfre) ex
alqd re, magnae laetitiae mihi est alqd, alqd re
gaudio exultare (= to jump with joy); with
anyone, und gaudere, gaudio alcjs gaudere; see
Glad. II. v.tr. (exydlarare, hilarem facere (= to
cheer up), laetificare (e.g. sol laetificat terrain),
luetilid afficere, laetitia et voluptate affldre, lae-
titiam alci ajferre or offerre (= to fill with joy).
rejoicing, n. voluptas, delectatio, gavdium,
laetitia.
rejoin, v.intr. 1, see Return ; 2, see
Answer.
relapse, I. v.intr. recidire (in gen., of ill-
ness, in graviorem morbum) ; to — into, recidire
in alqd (e.g. into former slavery), relabi. II. n-
use verb.
relate, v.tr. 1, = to tell in detail, alqd
(e)nurrare, dicere, (com)mctnnrare, referre, prodcre,
tradcre(= to hand down) ; see Tell ; 2, = to per-
tain to, spectare, attingcre ad, contingere alqm, or
rel
84 i
rem
t«y impersonate attinet, pertinet ad, med, tud
refert, etc. ; see Narrate, related, arlj. 1, =
connected by birth, marriage, etc., propinquus
alci, necessarius, cognatus, agnatvs (only on tlic
father's side), ajinis (by marriage), cnn san-
guineus, consanguinitnte propinquus (= near by
blood), nan alitnus sanguine (del; to be most
nearly — , proximum esse ; 2, fig. edgnatits, pro-
pinquus. relation, n. 1, = connexion, ratio,
conjunctio; in — to, ad alqm or alqd, quod ad
alipn or alqd attinct, prne alqo or alqd re ; 2, re-
lative, person connected with you by birth,
marriage, etc., propiwpiMS, genere proximus, ne-
cessarius; comb, propinquus et necessarius, pro-
pinquus et cognatus, propinquus ct affinis, cogtta-
tits atquc affinis ; a near — , artd propinquitate
or propinqud cognatione conjunct us ; 3, see Nar-
ration, relationship, n. 1, ritctssitndo, pro-
jrinquitas (in gen.), cognatio (by birth), agnatio
(on the father's side), affinitas (by marriage),
germanitas (of brothers and sisters, or cities
springing from the same mother city), consan-
guinitas (by blood) ; 2, fig. cognatio, conjunctio ;
to have — with anything, alci rei finitimum
esse, relative, I. adj. oppi to absolute, qnud
non simpliciter et, ex sua hi consideratur ; quod
in comparatione (rerum, etc.) position est, quod
ad (di[d refertur or special. Adv. comparate, ex
comparatione (rerum, etc.). II. n. 1, see Rela-
tion ; 2, relativum (Gram.).
relax, I. v. tr. l,(re)laxare, remitlere,concedcrc;
2, in medicine, see Open. II. v.intr. = to remit.
in close attention, (re)languesccre, seremittere, re-
■mitti, animum remittere or relaxare, requiescere
curamque animi remittere (after hard work),
alqd rtmittere (e.g. industriam) ; to — for a little
while, alqd intermittere ; in anything, desistere
or (de) alqd re (e.g. incepto; in a contest, de con-
lentione). relaxation, n. 1, solutio (princi-
pally of the parts of the body) ; 2, see Mitiga-
tion (of the law); 3, = remission of applica-
tion, animi relaxatio, rcmissio (of the inind),
oblectatio (= amusement), oblectamentum (= any-
thing to amuse oneself with or to while a way the
time), relaxing, adj. gravis.
relay, n. equi reeentes or per viam dis-
positi.
release, I. v.tr. 1, anyone, dimittere alqm
(= to let anyone go), libertatem alci dare, largiri
(= to set anyone at liberty), mnnu mittere alqm
(a slave), emancipare (= to emancipate, to free
anyone from one's power, e.g. a son), mittere or
missum facere alqm, missionem alci dare, txanc-
torare (= to dismiss from the service, soldiers),
vinculis exsolvere, c custodid emittere (from
prison, a state prisoner); to — anyone from
.anything, solvere alqm alqd re (e.g. from service,
militia), liberure alqm alqd re (e.g. servilnte) ; 2,
= to free from obligation, (ex)solvere, liberare
alqd re; remittere, condouare alci alqd, gvatiam
alcjs rei facere aid (from the payment of a sum
of money, penalty, etc.; gratia m facere in Sail.).
II. n. missio (= dismission), Uberatio, remissio
(e.g. poenae), apoclw. (= receipt for money, Jet.).
relent, v.intr. molliri or moveri pati, re-
lentless, adj. immiserienrs, saevus, durus, cru-
ill lis; see Cruel. Adv. saere, crudelitcr, re-
lentlessness, n. saevitia, crudelitas.
relevant, adj. quod ad rem est.
reliance, n, see Rely.
relics, n. reliquiae (= remains), relict, n.
vidua ; see Widow.
" relief, n. fig. (al)levatio, sublevutio (= the —
given), levamen(tum), allevamentum. ( = the —
which one gets), remedium(= remedy), auxilium
(=help), subsidium (of soldiers), delenimcutum
(= anything calculated to soothe, e.g. vitae),
laxamentum (= relaxation), deminnlio (= dimi-
nution of taxes, onerum), benejicium (= — in
money) ; — of a sentinel, see Relieve, below ;
in painting, eminent ia, asperitas; high — , alto
relievo, imago ectypa (Sen., as image). re-
lieve, v.tr. exonerare (=to exonerate, to ease),
levare, allevare (lig. — to ease), sttblevare (lig.
= both to mitigate and to support), laxare (fig.
= to relax, to soften), or udessc alci, (dejuninvere
(= to lessen, «.g. taxes, .orient), subveiiire (= to
assist, e.g. necessitatibus) ; to — a sentinel, revo-
care (= to recall, e.g. vigilias, milltes <i?j opere),
dedncere (e.g. milites ab opcre); of the soldiers
themselves, alqos excipere, cdqis succedcre:
religion, n. religio (— reverence towards the
holy, the sentiment of — and the consequent
services), pittas erga Deum (in the sense of the
ancients, erga deos = fear of the gods), its di-
vinae (— divine things), raerimnnia, caerimoniue
(= prescribed observances), sacra, -h//'m( = exter-
nal rites), lex (= religious law or doctrine, as lex
Christiana) ; a man without — , or irreligious,
homo impius erga Deum or deos, homo neglegens
deorurn, religionum omnium contemptor, religio-
num ueglegens(= inattentive to outer usages) ; to
change your — , sacra patria deserere. religious,
adj. plus (= reverent) erga Deum, sanctus, religio-
sits (= conscientious) ; — observances, ritus, re-
Hgiones, caerimoniae. Adv. pie, sancte, religiose ;
to lie — brought up, sanctissimo modo educari.
relinquish, v.tr. relinquere; see Abandon.
relish, I. n. 1, a — for (i.e. a disposition
to taste), gustaliis, -us ; he has no — for, abest
desiderivm alcjs rei; 2, something tasty, pro-
mnlsis, -idis, f., condimentum. II. v.tr. see
Enjoy.
reluctance, n. I have a great — to any-
thing, magnum ulcjs rei odium me cepit ; with — ,
coactus or invltus, animo invito or averse, re-
luctant, adj. invitus, coactus.
rely, v.intr. (con)fidere alci rei or alqd re (— to
trust in), niti alqd re (—to depend on); — ing
upon, fretus alqd re, nixus (nisus) alqd re, ferox
alqd re (= boldly trusting, e.g. ed parte virium).
reliance, n. fides, fiducia ; see Confidence.
remain, v.intr. (per)mancre, durare(= to en-
dure), stare (■= to stand or stay) ; to — in health
anduninjured,sa7!>i(maty?<ci?!''o/)<menico)isfmn'(;
to — faithful, fidum manere; to — in your opin-
ion, in sententid tud (per)manere or perseverare
(opp. bur sententid deccdere) ; to — unchanged in
your custom, in consuetudine perseverare ; to —
unchanged in your plan, institutnm swim tenere ;
to — faithful to your promise, promissis stare ; to
— a secret, taceri, taciturn teneri ; let that — with
yourself, haec tn tecum hubeto, hoc tu tibi soli dic-
tum puta. " It — s " (used as the tinal result of
an argument), ma.net ; to — snug, nidum serrate
(= to keep in your nest, Hor.); to — in the c.inip,
castris se tenere; —to be left, reliquum esse; re-
linqui, supe.resse (— to survive); ex multis jiliis
hunc unum fortuna reliquum esse roluit, fate al-
lowed only this one son to — out of many ; = to
be left, to be over and above, restare, svperare,
superesse. remainder, n. residuum, reli-
quum, quod rested, ; to get the — by adding and
subtracting, addendo dedueendoque vidire quae
reliqui sumvia est. remaining, adj. reli-
quits, residuns. remains, n. 1, of anything,
reliquum, or pi. reliqua or reliquiae; of eat-
ables, reliquiae ciborum, in the context merely
reliquiae ; " the remainder of anything " is also
rendered by quod snperest or restat or reli-
quum est (e.g. quod membrorum reliquum est);
2, = a dead body, cadaver, -eris, n. (= corpse),
cineres, -ma (= ashes).
remand, I. v.tr. 1, =to send back, re-
mittere; 2, iu law, comperendinare reum (= to
rem
843
rem
defer the sentence until the third day and fur-
ther), ampliare remit (= to adjourn a trial). II,
n. comperendinatio (or -dtus, -us).
remark, I. v.tr. 1, see Observe, Perceive ;
2, = to express in words, etc., Ulcere; see
Say. II. n. 1, see Observation ; 2, a — ex-
pressed, dictum (= anything that is said, an
opinion), often merely by a pron. in the neuter
gender, e.g. that — of Plato's is excellent, prae-
clarum illud Platonis est ; or by the adj. in the
neuter gender, e.g. I must first make a few in-
troductory — s, pauca ante dicenda sunt, re-
markable, adj. nolab His, mints (= wonderful),
notandus, memorabilis(= worth noticing), memo-
ratu dignus, commemorabilis, commeviorandus
(— worth mentioning), insignis (— very — , lit.
distinguished, of persons and things) ; conspicuus
(= striking), singvlaris (= especial), illustris (=
illustrious), egregius, optimus (= excellent) ;
nothing happened that was very — , nihil memo-
rid dignum actum. Adv. mire, insigniter, singu-
luriter, egregie, optime ; = very, valde, by superl.
(e.g. — beautiful, pulcherriinus) ; see Very.
remedy, n. 1, in medicine, medidna (lit.
and fig.), medicamen(tuvi) (lit., e.g. dare contra
alqd), remedium(= — against, for, lit. and fig.) ;
to apply a — for a complaint, motbo medicinam
adhibcre ; 2, in gen., for counteracting an evil,
remedium, for, to, against anything, alcjs rei, ad
or adiersus alqd (lit. and fig.), medidna, for,
alcjs rei (lit. and fig.), auxiliuin, subsidium,
against, alcjs rei (to effect a — in case of anyone
being placed in a difficult position, in distress,
etc. ; uuxilium also of persons being ili), \lenir
men (= soothing — ). remedial, adj. quod ad
remedium pertinet ; saluturis; — measures or
legislation, perhaps leges salutares. remedi-
less, adj. \ insanubilis.
remember, v.tr. meminisse alcjs, alcjs rei,
de alqd re, accus. and infin., rei. clause, or subj.,
alqd or de alqd re recordari, alqd (memorid) re-
petere, alcjs or alcjs rei memorem, or haud im-
memorem esse; I don't — it, memorid delap-
sum est, e memorid alqd mihi exiit, excidit, ex
animo alqd effluxit, (re)fugit alqd meam memo-
riam; he won't — it (implying intention), nul-
lum alcjs rei adhibet memoriam ; to — anyone,
anything with a grateful heart, grato animo alcjs
iwmen prosequi, gratissimum alcjs nomen tetinire,
gratd memorid prosequi alqd ; to — anyone with a
kind feeling, memoriam alcjs cum caritate et bene-
volent id usurpare ; as far as I can — , ut meet
'memoria est, quantum memini, nisi animus or
memoria me J'allit. remembrance, n. me-
moria, recordutio ; see Recollection, Memory.
remind, v.tr. (ad)monere, ■ commonvre, com-
monefaccre, alqm ulcjs rei or de alqd re; to —
one to do anything, (ad)horta.ti, (adpnoncre ut.
reminiscence, n. see Remembrance.
remit, v.tr. = to send back, remittere ; to —
money, etc., mitlere, emittire, cundonare alci
alqd, gratiam alcjs rei fitcere alci ; to — an oath,
jurisjurandi gratiam Jucere, solvere alqm Sacra-
mento; to — a sum of money, pecuniam creditam
condonare or remittere, creditum condonare, de-
bitum remittere alci ; to — taxes, vectigalia omit-
tire ; to — a part of a sum, remittere alci de sum-
md ; to — a punishment, poenum remittere ; to
— sins, peccata or delicto, alci ignoscere, peccataalci
conccdere. remiss, adj. see Careless, Negli-
gent, remission, n, remissio (of tribute, tri-
bute) ; to seek — , remissionem petere; to seek —
for the past, venium praeleritarum precari ; see
Pardon, Sin. remittance, n. by pecunia.
remnant, n. see Remainder.
remodel, v.tr. see Alter, Renew.
remonstrance, n. (ad)monitio, monitus,
-Us. remonstrate, v.intr. alqm de alqd re
(ad)monere, commonere^ or with ut or ne, etc.
(= to warn), agere cum alqo de alqd re (in gen. =
to treat, speak with anyone about).
remorse, n, peccati dolor; to feel — , con-
scieutid (peccutorum) morderi, conscientid animi
(ex)cruciuri, cruciari conscientidscelerumsuorum ;
see also Sorrow, remorseless, adj. im-
misericors; see Pitiless.
remote, adj. 1, remotus, umotus, semotus,
disjunctus(= isolated), longiuquus (= a long way
of*) ; 2, iig. ab alqd re remotus, dujunctits,
alienus ; see Distant. Adv. remote, procul (=■
far), vix {_— hardly), remoteness, u. longin-
quitas.
remount, v.tr. and intr. equu.ni iterum con-
scendere.
remove, I. v.tr. amovere (= to carry, to movo
away, further), aveliire (in a cart, ships, by
horses, etc.), ubducere (living beings), also de-
parture (then = to — an exile under military
escort, esp. also of bringing anything from the
provinces), asportare (= to carry away), de-
movere, removere, submovere (on one side, per-
sons and things),^ tollete, uuferre (=to take
away, things ; tollere also = to erase, e.g. ma-
culae), eluere(— to wash out, e.g. maculae), depel-
lire (= to drive away, e.g. a complaint, pains,
etc.) ; subportare (= to carry to a place), sublra-
hire (e.g. baggage belonging to an army, im-
pedimenta) ; to — the things (after a meal),
tollere, uuferre (e.g. mensam) ; to — anyone,
transducere (e.g. populum Albanum Romam), col-
locure in alqo loco (= to assign another re-
sidence, e.g. gentem Allobtogum in vestigiis
hujtts urbis), rescribere ad with accus., tran-
scriber in with accus. (= to place iuto another
class, e.g. peditem ad equum rescribere, equitum
turmas in funditorum alas transcriber) , alqm alii
muneri praeficire or praeponire (to another office,
situation, etc.) ; to — anything to a distance,
amovere, removere, ubducere, deducire, ablegare
(= to send anyone away, in order to get rid of
him, under a pretence), amandare, relegare (any-
one on account of some misdemeanour, the
latter to a certain spot ; but both imply some-
thing disgraceful), amoliri (anyone or anything,
when it causes great difficulty), ai'ertere(of what
is unpleasant to the senses), subducirc, sub-
movere (by degrees), depeilete, repellere, propul-
sure (by force), emovere (e.g. multitudinem eforo,
esp. in Li v.). II. v.intr. 1, hi gen. se (a)movete;
= to go away, ubire, disccdire ; = to go out of
one's sight, ex oculis ore conspectu abire, e con-
S2>cctu recedere; from a place, excedcre, evadere,
se subducere (imperceptibly, also with the addi-
tion of clam, e.g. de circulo) ; 2,= to change the
place of residence, (e)migrare (ex) loco, devil-
grare, commigrare, transmigrate, de or ex loco, to,
in locum(— to emigrate to another place, i nullum
locum or in alia loca), migrate, emigrare domo
or edomo (from a house), secedere in locum (in a
spirit of rebellion), ptoficisci. III. n. grudus,
•us (= step), removal, n. 1, in gen. deportutio
(in gen., and in particular tho — of nil exllo to
the place of his destination, Jet.), depululo (= the
removingapain, doloris),uviandutlo (= the send-
ing anyone away, in order to get rid, etc.), re-
legutio, or rarely ablegutio(— banishment), umotin
(=a complete "removing, e.g. omnis doloris), re-,
motio (the repelling, e.g. criminis) ; 2, to -=- to
another place or house, migratio, demigralia
(— emigration, Liv., Nep. ; of a whole order of
the plebeians, Liv.), pro/ectio (= starting),
remunerate, v.tr. referrc, reddSte alqd (in
gen.), remunerari alqm'xu a good sense), for any,
thing with, by, (covi)pensare alqd alqd re (= to
weigh one against the other, e.g. lenejicia bene*
ren
844
rep
ficiis, tnerita beneficiis), rependere alqd alqd re (=
to weigh back, fig. = to repay, e.g. damnum alqd,
re), remuneration, n. rcmwnernfio, com-
pensatio ; for a — , pretio (for money); without
any — , sine pretio, gratis, gratitito ; see Reward.
rend, v.tr. (dis)scindere (= to tear), (dis)rum-
pere (lit. and fig.), (di)lacerare (= to lacerate, lit.
ami fig.), dislrahere, direllcre (= to pull in pieces,
lit. and lig.), diriperc{= to tear asunder), rend-
ing, n, disscidiwn, diruptio, distract ia, laceratio.
rent, n. — tear, use verb.
render, v.tr. 1, reddere, re/em (= to return,
e.g. graiias = thanks), praebere, dare, praestare,
tribuere (=to give); to — service, operant alci
■navarc ; to — an account, rationem redden or
'referre ; 2, = to make, facere, efficire, reddere, or
by special verbs, e.g. augere (=to — greater),
minuere(= to — less); 3, see Translate, ren-
der up, v.tr. see Surrender, rendering,
n. 1, by verb ; 2, see Translation.
rendezvous, n. constitutum (= an appoint-
ment made), locus ad conveniendum (=tlie place
appointed for the — ) ; to appoint a — with,
tempvs loeumque constituere cum alqo.
renegade, n. gui sacra patria deserit or
deserttit, apostata (Ecel.) ; = a deserter, is qui
deficit, desciscit ab alqo, trunsfuga, m. and f.
renew, v.tr. (re)novare ; = to restore, to
repair, reconeinnare, reficcre (more particularly
by rebuilding) ; = to begin afresh, to repeat, re-
novare, renovare et instaurare, instaurare (de inte-
gro), integrate, redintegrare(=tohcgiT\ quite from
the beginning), repetere {= to repeat), iterare(= to
do a second time), refricare(— to excite again), re-
ferre (= to bring back), reconciliare (paccm, gra-
tiam, etc.); to — the war, bellum renovare, reilin-
tegrure, ile integro instaurare, rebellare, rebel-
lioneiii facere, bellum reparare, restitucre (two
foregoing only of a conquered nation, without
any odious meaning) ; to — the friendship,
amicitiam renovare, with anyone, se restitucre in
alejs amicitiam ; to — the remembrance of any-
thing in one's mind, memorid alqd repetere.
renewable, adj. qui(tiiiae,(piod)renovaripotest.
renewal, n. renovatio, instauratio, redinte-
gratio ; of a war, rebellio.
renounce, v.tr. renuntiare alqd or (post
class.) alci rei, se alqd re abdicare (e.g. magis-
trate), alqm or alqd ejurare, re(j)icere, repudi-
are (= to reject), remittere. alqd (that is, to let it
go), decedere or desistcrc alqd re or de alqd re (=
to stand away from) ; to — an opinion, sententid
or de sententid decedere ; to — your right, de jure
suo cede re or decedere, jus demittere or remittere ;
to — honour and glory, honorem ct gloriam ab-
(j)idre. renunciation, n. cwsto (= the yield-
ing of a thing to another), repudiatio, rejectio.
renovate, v.tr. see Renew, renovation,
n. see Renewal.
renown, n. fama (chiefly in a good sense),
gloria, lans, nomen, claritas, claritudo. re-
nowned, adj. riarus, illttslris ; see Cele-
brated, Famed, Famous.
rent, I. n. 1, = profits derived annually
from lands, etc., quaestus, -us (= what we can
gain by anything), reditus, -us, fnictus, -us (=
profit), vectigal (= tax, then of private rent),
merces, -hlis, f. (= the — which the property
brings in) ; 2, — of a house, merces liabitalUmis,
habitatio ; what — does he pay? quanti habitat ?
to pay much — , magni habitare. II. v.tr. 1, to
let out, loenre ; 2, = to hire, conducere. redimere ;
cheaply, parro conducere, bene redimere; clear,
inagno conducere, male redimere. rental, n. see
Rent, I.
reobtain, v.tr. recij^ere, rcciperare.
reopen, I. v.tr. iterum reclndere (in gen.).
II. v.intr. o* vounds, recrtidescere (also fig.).
repair, i '. V.tr. reficcre, reparare, (re)sarcire,
restitucre, resftrurare, reconeinnare. II. n. to
keep in good — , alqd sartum tectum tueri. re-
pairs, pi. use verb Repair.
repair, v.intr. se alqo conferre or recipere ,
see also Go.
reparation, n. see Indemnification, Satis-
PACTION.
repartee, n, perhaps alqil acute responsvm,
oi quod alqd salsi or salts habet ; see Wit.
repast, n. see Meal.
repay, v.tr. reddere, referre, reponere, solvere ;
to — anyone what is due, alci satisfacere, alci
debitum or pecuniam debitam solvere; rig. pensare
or compensare alqd alqd re, rependire alqd alqd
re (e.g. damnum alqd re); with the same coin,
par pari referre ; see Pay. repayment, n.
solutio (pecuniae alci crcditae), or by verb.
repeal, I. v.tr. rescindere (e.g. a decree, a
will), tollcre (= to do away with), abolere (=to
abolish)/; brogare(= a law, a decree, also a power),
derogare legi or alqd de lege (partly), obrogare legi
( = to substitute one law partially for another).
II. n. abrogatio, derogatio, obrogatio.
repeat, v.tr. 1, repetere (in the widest sense),
iterarc (= to do, to say a second time, e.g. saepe
eadem), red i ntcgrare (=todo, bring forward, say
quite afresh), retractare ( = to go through again
what has been learnt, read), decantare (gen. in bad
sense, = to keep repeating) ; 2, = to recite, of les-
sons, etc., perhaps alqdmemoriapronvntiare; to
— with the same words, alqd iisdem verbis reddere.
repeated, adj. repetitvs, iteratiis. Adv. iterum
atque iterum, saepennmero, etiam atque etiam,
identidem. repeater, n. a watch, horolo-
givm sonis tempus indicans. repetition, n.
1, rejietitio, iteratio, red integ ratio (all three e.g.
verbi) ; — of the same word at the end ol a
sentence (in rhetoric), conversin, regressio (of
the same words in different clauses, Quint.);
2, of a lesson, see Repeat, 2.
repel, v.tr. repellere, propulsare ( = to drive
away by force), rc(j)icere (= to throw back), deter-
rcre(= todeter, e.g. rerberibus), fngarc (= to put
to flight) ; to — an accusation, culpam a se amo-
vcre, crimen dissolvcre or diluere, suspiciovem. a se
propulsare.
repent, I. v.intr. mores svos mutare, in viam
redire, ad virtutem redire or revocari, ad bonam
frugem se recipere. II. v.tr. I — , pacnitet me
alcjs rei, or with infin., or with quod and subj.,
subpaenitet me alcjs facti (a little). repent-
ance, n. paenitentia (in gen.), repentant,
adj. paenilens.
repertory, n. thesaurus.
repetition, n. see Repeat.
repine, v.intr. to — at, (con)queri alqd or de
cdqd re. repining, n. maeror ( = sorrow), que-
rela. (= complaint),
replace, v.tr. 1, = to put back, rrpoiirre ; 2,
to put in place of, alqm did, alqd alci rei sulstitu-
ire, rtlrpn in alcjs locum sufficcre (= to elect in
place of another magistrate).
replant, v.tr. reserere.
replenish, v.tr. implerc (in gen. what is
empty, hollow), erplere(sn that no space remains
empty), complSre (= to fill quite full), replere ( — to
lill to the brim), opplere( — to cover a surface by
filling up ; also to till to the top, so that it will
not hold any more).
replete, adj. see Full, repletion, n.
satietas.
rep
845
rep
. reply, I, v.iutr. respondere (to a thing, ulci
rei); to — to a charge, criminibus respondere, se
defendere, or purgare; to — by letter, re-
scribcre ; but I — , simply ego autem or ego vero.
II. n. responsio, rcsponsum (in gen.), excusatU),
defensio, purgalio (to a charge), oraculum, sors
(uf an oracle).
report, I. v.tr. nuntiare ( = to announce),
renuntiarc ( =» to send back information, both
alci alqd), certiorem alqm faccre de alqd re (= to
inform), affcrre, defcrre, referre ad v.lqm de alqd
re ( = to give information, etc., more particu-
larly to an authority), per lit(t)eras significare
(= to inform in writing), (e)narrare (in gen. = to
relate), memoriae tradire or prodere ; J'crre, per-
Aibere( = to say); renuntiare aki(\n consequence
of an order to that effect, or in reply to informa-
tion received); it is — ed, dicitur, dicuntur,
etc., with personal subj., or simply prodere
(of the historian) ; to — the whole proceedings,
omncm rem ordine enarrare, ordine edocere omnia
(orally), omnia perscribere (in writing). II.
n. 1, relatio (= formal — to the senate ; in
gen. sense post Aug.), iiarratio (= narration), rei
gestae expositio, renuntiatio (of an ambassador),
lit(t)erae (in the form of a letter) ; 2, — rumour,
fama, rumor, auditio ; I know it by — , audita
Mud accepi ; 3, = noise, fragor, crepitus, -us;
see Noise, reporter, n. qui de/ert ad alqm
(= who makes a report to anyone), auctor
rerum (= voucher, authority), notarius (— short-
hand writer, Plin. Min.).
repose, I. v.tr. reponere. H.v.intr. quiescere.
III. a. quies, -His, f. ; see Rest, repository,
n. receptaculum ; see Receptacle.
reprehend, v.tr. reprehendere ; see Rebuke.
reprehensible, adj. culpa digitus, reprehen-
dus, vituperabilis, vituperandus. reprehen-
sion, n. reprehensio, vituperatio, culpa.
represent, v.tr. 1, repraesentare (— to place
clearly before one's eyes, Plin.), exprimere, (ej)fin-
gere(=to express, picture, of the plastic art), pin-
gere, depingere (— to paint, of the painter), actum-
brare (— to sketch), imitari, t simulare (— to imi-
tate), indicare,signijicare(— toindicate); 2, = to
describe in words, (de)pingcre (= to paint, of the
painter ; then also of the orator, etc. , = to picture,
illustrate), (e/)yi)w/(;re(ofthe sculptor, also of the
orator, writer), eloqui(= to utter, of the speaker,
e.g. cogitata), dicendo effingere, alcjs rei imaginent
exponere, adumbrare alqd or speciem et formam
ahjs rei ( = to shade, sketch, of the painter and
speaker), describing todescribe in its character-
istic features) ; to — anyone in a bad, wrong
light, de/ormare alqm (Cic.) ; to — auything in a
clear, lively manner, alqd paene sub aspectum
sub(j)iclre, alqd sub oculos sub(j)idre ; =to show
by reasoning, alqm de alqd re monere or with ut
or ne (= to warn), alqm alqd doccre (= to inform),
ostendere alci alqd, or with accus. and infm. (— to
show in words), memorare with accus. and intin.
(=: to mention); to — the advantage of, alqm
doccre quanta sit alcjs rei ulilitas ; 3, — to show
by action, agere ; to — a person, alcjs partes agere,
alcjs personam induere or suscip're or genre (all
both on the stage and in daily life); to — a per-
son of rank, nobilem virum agere; to — a drama,
fabulam dare; 4, =to supply the place of
another, to — one's country, gercre personam
civitatis atque ejus decus et dignitatem sustinere.
representation, n. 1, = the act of describ-
ing, by the verb; 2, = that which exhibits by
resemblance, image ; see Image, Likeness,
Picture ; 3, = an exhibition of the form of a
thing, repraesentatio (t.t. of the elder Pliny); 4,
of a play, actio (— the act), fabula (= the play) ;
6, = exhibition of a character in a play, by
agere; see Part; 6, = verbal description, expli-
cate, descriplio (in gen. in words, descriptio
most particularly = a characteristic — ), adum-
bratio(— sketch), narrutiv (of the state of things,
how a matter stands, in a speech), o ratio, sermo
(= diction) ; 7, in politics, by the verb ; 8, = the
standing in the place of another, by ciiiumloc.
(e.g. by aliend vice fungi, or by seiiatora a
civibus delccti). representative, I. adj. by
vice alcjs or officio; — government, civitas ]*er
guosdam a civibus delectos cives adntinistrata.
II. n. vicarius (= substitute, deputy), procura-
tor; a parliamentary — ,seitator suffragiU civivm
delectus.
repress, v.tr. opprimere, comprim&re (e.g.
tumult um). ,
reprieve, I. v.tr. 1, = to respite after
sentence of death, perhaps by vitam alci proro-
gare ; 2, tig. = to relieve for a time from suffer-
ing, by differre, proferre (= to postpone), prolatare
(= to delay), prorogare(= to delay, put oil'). II. n.
by temporis intervallum, spatium (— space of time,
period in geu.), prolatio (— the act of — ), mora
(= delay).
reprimand, I. v.tr. alqm reprehendere de
or in alqd re, alqm vituperate de alqd re, alqm
objurgare. II. n. reprehensio, vituperatio, objur-
gatio ( — blame), convicium ( = scolding) ; see
Blame.
reprint, I. v.tr. a book, librum denuo lypis
exscribendum curare. II. n. see Edition.
reprisal, n. 1, see Retaliation ; 2, — s,
vis vi repulsa ; to make — s, vim vi repellire, par
pari referre.
reproach, I. n. as act, maledictio (rare),
exprobatio, animadversiu ; the actual — , oppro-
brium (not in Cic. or Caes.) ; probrum, maledic-
tiuit, convicium, vox contumeliosa, verbum contu-
meliosum, contumelia. II. v. tr. convicium faccre,
alqm increpitare or incusare, in alqm invehi, alci
malediclre, alqd alci ob{j)icire, objectare ; see
Reprove, Blame, Revile, reproachful,
adj. contumeliasus {— abusive), or by verb. Adv.
co nt u meliose, or by verb.
reprobate, I.adj.pcrrfi(ws(= lost to virtue or
grace), profligatus (= morally ruined), comb, pro-
Jligatus et}>erditus, damiuitus (lit. — condemned ;
hence meton. = criminal, e.g. quis te miserior >
quis te damnatior ?), sceleratus, scelerosus ( — bur-
dened witli crime). II. n. homo jierditus, etc.
reprobation, n. 1, see Condemnation ; 2,
Eccl. damnatio, reprobalio.
reproduce, v.tr. denuo generare or ferre ;
to — a piece, fabulam ilerum referre (Ter.). re-
production, n., reproductive, adj. by
verb.
reproof, n. as act. or actual — , vituperatio,
culpa, castigalio, reprehensio, ubjurgatio, contu-
melia, animadversio, exprobatio; to lie aground
of — , opprobrio or crimini esse alci ; to be
open to the — of treachery, in (gumma) per-
tiiliae infamid esse; see Blamb. reprove, v.tr.
alqm vituperare, rcprehendire, exprobrare old
alqd or (fe alqd re, objurgare alqm de alqd re,
alqm increpare, increpitare,iiu:usare : to — severe-
ly, alqm graviter accusare; to make a thing a
ground to — , crimini ('are alci alqd, vitio dare
or vertere alci alqd. reprover, u..«preAeiMor,
riluperator, objurgatar, castigutor.
reptile, n. animal rtptant, or, where pos-
sible, by serjiens (= serpent).
republic, n. civitas libera et sui juris, res-
publico libera, in the context also merely respub*
lira (= a free constitution and a state which has
such), republican, I. adj. generally by the
genit. reipublicae liberae or simply reipubUcae
(e.g. a — government, reipublicae (liberae) forma);
rep
m
res
to give a country a — constitution, reipublicae
formam civitati dare, a regis dominatione in liber-
tatein populi rindicart rempublicam (if tlie State
was a monarchy before). II. n. reipublicac liberae
civis (— citizen of a republic), reipublicae liberae
studiosus, communis libertatis propugnator (—
one who is or speaks in favour of a — govern-
ment). .
republish, v.tr. Hbmm denuo edcre. re-
publication, n. 1, as act, uso verb; 2, the
book itself, liber (denuo edition).
repudiate, v.tr. see Reject, repudia-
tion, n. repttdiatio (in gen., but rare) ; of a son,
abdicotio fiiii (= disowning and disinheriting) ;
divortium, repudium (of a wife) ; see Rejection.
repugnant, adj. pugnans, repnignans (of
things), diversus {= quite contrary), aversus, alie-
nus ab atqdre, alci rei contrarivs, culiosus (= hate-
ful) ; see Contrary, repugnance, n. rcpug-
nantia rerum (= incompatibility), odium ( =
hatred) ; to feel — , abhorrere ab alqd re, alqd
fastidire, spernere, aspernari.
repulse, I. v.tr. repellire ( = to drive back),
from, etc., ab, etc., propulsare (away), re(J)iccre
(= to throw back). II. n. 1, by the verbs ; of a
candidate, repulsa; 2, see Refusal, repul-
sive, adj. odiosus ( = hateful), putidus ( =
affected), intolerabiiis ( = unbearable) ; see
Disgusting.
repurchase, v.tr. redimire.
reputable, adj. see Respectable.
reputation, n. bonafavia, generally merely
Jama, bona exUtimatio, in the context simply exis-
timatio, gloria (= glory), laus (= praise), nomen
(= name), honor (= esteem) ; bad — , malafama,
infamia. repute, n. see Reputation ; to be in
good — , bene audire ; to be in bad — , mala au-
dire, in in/amid esse, infamem esse, in invidid
esse, invidiam habere, reputed, adj. qui (quae,
quod) diritur, fertur.
request, I. n. preces, -um,(= the act and the
thing itself ), rogatus, -iis(only in ablat. sing.), ro-
gatio(ns act), supplicium(=z humble — , praise ->
.God), postnlatio( = urgent — , demand) ; at your
— , te pctente, te auctore; at my — , rogatu meo, a me
rogatus ; what is your — ? quid petis ? II. v.tr.
precari (absolute), anything of anyone, alqd ab
alqo, alqmut, etc., orare, rogare, anything of any-
one, alqvi alqd ( = to apply for), alqd. petere, p^s-
cerc (of a formal application, = to demand), con-
tendere ut (urgently, = to insist), flagitarc, efflc-
gitare (violently, alqd ab alqo), prccibus exposcere
(=to violently demand, anything, alqd, e.g.
pacem), deprecari (= to — on behalf of, any-
thing, alqd), implorare( = to implore anyone,
alqm; anything, alqd), supplicare; anyone on be-
half of, alci pro alqd re, petere, postulare supplici-
ter ; anything of anyone, alqd ab alqo, orare alqm
siniplicibus verbis, orare or rogare alqm supplieiter
(all = humbly, on one's knees) ; stronger by comb.
rogare atque orare, petere et contendere, orare
obtestarique, orare atque obsecrare, implorare
atque obtestan, obsecrare atque obtestari, obtestari
atque obsecrare, precari atque orare, petere ac
deprecari ; = to invite, invitare, vocare.
requiem, n. missa defnnctorum( = mass for
the dead, Eccl.).
require, v.tr. poscere, postulare, requircre,
dcsiderare( = todemand, to consider necessary),
(=to need, ease with genit. of a noun along
with an adj., e.g. mnlti laboris est), egere alrj6
ferre (= to bring about necessity), imperare,
from anyone, alci (= to command), exigere (= to
exact, e.g. vehicula); to be — d, opus esse; if
circumstances — , si res or tempus postulat, cum
res postulabit, si res cogit; as time may — , si
tempus postulaverit, pro rerum statu or cordirione.
requirement, n. postulatw, postulatum, or
by verbs, requisite, I. adj. necessarius ; to be
— , necessariiim esse, opus csse(= to be necessary),
reqiiiri, desiderari (of what would be missed).
II. n. necessilas(=: necessity), u?us,-us(= use), res
necessaria ; a principal — for anything, res mo ri-
ma necessaria ad alqd; the first — is that, etc.,
primum est, ut, etc. requisition, n. pciitio,
rogutio, imperatum, quod imperatur.
requite, v.tr. redden, referre (= to give
back), alqd o.lq'i re compensare or rependcre ; to
— like for like, par pari referre. requital, n.
use verb.
rescind, v.tr. rescindere, abrogare, tollcre,
abolere, legi alqd derogare (= to partly — ), obro-
gare (= to — by substitution of another law) ;
see Repeal, Abolish.
rescript, n. responsio, responstim ( = answer
in gen. ; the former, the act ; the latter, the con-
tents of the answer), senteutia (= a lawyer's deci-
sion), decretum(= decree), res judicata (= decision
arrived at in reference to a matter), rescriptum
(of the emperor, prince, etc.), codicilli (— Minis-
terial decree, order of the Cabinet, Imperial
Rome).
rescue, I. v.tr. liberare alqd re or ab alqd re,
exsolvire alqd re, servare ex alqd re (e.g. periatlo
or ex periculo), alqm alci rei or ab, ex, de alqd re
eripere; to — one's country from slavery, patriam
in libertatem vindicare. II. n. liberatio, or by
circumloe. with (courseware.
research, n. eruditio(= learning), investiga-
te or cognitio (return, = inquiry) ; a man of
much — , vir eruditissimv.s.
resemblance, n. similitudo, convenientia,
congruentia, analogia (in reference to words and
ideas, in Cic, written in Greek avaKoyia, or
rendered by proportio), congruentia morion (iu
manners); --with, etc.. similitudo with genit.
(e.g. morborum, animi). resemble, v.tr.
siviilem esse with genit. or dafc, ad similitu-
dinem alcjs rei accedere (instead of which we
also find prope, propius, — nearer; proxime,
= nearest), accedere ad alqd (of interior and ex-
terior likeness), facie alcjs similem esse, os vul-
tumque alcjs referre (as regards the countenance
and the looks), mores alcjs referre (in character).
resent, v.tr. acgre or moleste ferre, in malum
/xirtem accipere. resentful, adj. iraatndns,
irntits ( = angry). Adv. iracunde. resent-
ment, n. ira, iracundia, stomaehus.
reservation, n. conditio, exceptio; with
this — , that, etc., 7iac lege or hac condicione or
cum hac exceptione ut, his exceptis. reserve,
I. v.tr. re&inere (= to keep back), alqd txcipere
(=to except), alqd reservare, alqd reponere (=
to store up). II. n. 1, in gen., copia ; 2, =
troops, subsidia, -orum, comae subsidiariae, co-
hortes subsidiariae, (milites) subsidiarii (in gen.) ;
to keep in — , lit. in subsidio poncre or coliccare,
fig. alqd recondite; 3, see Reservation; 4,
in manners, rereeuudvi (= bashfulness), modestia.
(= modesty), taciturnitvs {— silence), cautio( =
caution) ; without — , aperte, simpliciter ( =
straightforwardly, openly), sincere, libere, inge-
nue (= freely), reserved, adj. taciturnus ( =
taciturn), occvlivs, tectus (— secret), comb, uccul-
tus ct tectus, inodestus (= modest), verecundus (=
bashful), cantos {— cautious), towards anyone,
tectus ad alqm. reservoir, n. lacus, -us ( =
a large receptacle for water, lake), castellum
(= — of an aqueduct), cisterna (= a hollow place
under ground for holding rain-water, Plin.), pis-
cina (= pond), aquae recrptaculum (Vit:\).
reside, v.intr. 1, habitare (locum, £?i Ixo,
apud n'lqm-, etc.), sedem or sedem ac domicilium
habere alqo loco ; see Live ; 2, fig. esse or versari
res'
847
tea
tn alqd re, alci inesse rei. residence, n, 1,
habitatio (= the residing) ; if for a time, mansio,
commoratio ; 2, domus, -fig, f. (irreg.), domici-
limn, aedes, -ium, f. (= house), resident, n.
1, by verbs ; 2, = a minister at a foreign court,
perhaps procurator rerum or legatus.
residue, n. pecunia residua, quod residuum
or reliquum est. residuary, adj. — legatee,
licres, -edis, m. and f.
resign, v.tr. 1, an office, deponere (pro-
vinciam, dictaturam, etc.), of an olticer of
state, abdicare se magistratu, (a consul) consu-
lata, (a dictator) dictaturd, etc. ; also abdi-
care magistratum (consulatum), abire magistratu
(Consulatu, etc.), decedere (provincia or ex or da
provincid, — to retire after the expiration of the
term of office) ; 2, = to give up, (con)cedere, de-
ponire, omittere ; to — oneself to, to be — ed, alqd
aequo animo ferre or pati, se ad ab[d submittere.
resignation, n. 1, abdicaiio, ejuratio (dicta-
turae, etc.); 2, morally, animus submissus or
demissus (in opp. to animus elatus).
resin, n. resina (Plin.). resinous, adj.
resinaceus, resinosus (Plin.).
resist, v.tr. alci resistere, obstare, repugnare,
obsistere, adversari, obniti; to — the enemy,
hostibus resistere, hosti se opponere; to — bravely,
fortiter repugnare or resistere; anyone's request,
preces alcjs respuere or re(j)ioere or repudiare. re-
sistance, n. pugna, certamen(= contest, fight),
defensio (= defence) ; to render — , resistere (a
person or thing, with arms or in words), re-
pugnare (see above), se defendere (in battle) ; to
prepare for — , ad resistendum se parare. re-
sistless, adj. and adv. cui nulla modo resisti
potest.
resolute, adj. fortis (— brave), Jinnus, con-
stuns, stobilis, obstinatus, obfirmatus, promplus(=
ready), gravis(= serious). Adv. fortiter, praesenti
animo, firme,jirmiter, conslunter, obstinate, graoi-
ter. resoluteness, n. animipraeseutia; see Re-
solution, 2. resolution, n. 1, = dissolution,
(dis)solutio, dissipatio (of a whole into parts), ev-
plicutio (= explanation) ; 2, = determination, as
quality, constautia, stabilitas, Jirmitas, firm.itv.do,
gracitas, obstiuatio ; 3, — purpose, sentcntia,
consilium, proposition; 4, ■ — of a deliberative
body, sententia, decretum, scitltm (of a popular
assembly, esp. scitu-m plebis or plebiscitum). re-
solve, v.intr. decernere (of magistrates, then in
gen.), consilium capcre ; slatuere, conslituere ;
destlnare, animo proponere (in one's own mind) ;
censire, placet alci (of the senate) ; sciscere, ju-
berc, comb, sciscere jubereque (= to make a law,
decree, of the people).
resonant, adj. resouuns.
resort, I. v.intr. locum celebrarc, frequeutare,
ad locum ceutitare, se conferre, commeare ; = to
use, uti ; to — to extremes, ad ext rema decurrere.
II. ii. 1, conveniendi locus, locus ubi conveniunt;
2, = recourse, use verb.
resound, v.intr. resouare, vocem reddere or
remittere.
resource, n. auxilium, subsidium, praesi-
dium, adjumentum. resources, n. = means
for an object, facultates, opes, pi., pecunia
(= money), bona, -orum (— goods), res/amiliaris
(=: private property), /or£i<«ae(= prosperous con-
dition), patrimonium (— inheritance), census, -fij
(= property legally valued).
respect, I. v.tr. 1, alqm suspicere, vereri (=
to fear), revereri (ante and post class.); colere,ob-
servare, magui aestimare; 2, — to pay attention
to, alcjs rationem habere, alci morern, gerere ; 3,
= to relate; see Relate, 2. II. n. obseriatuia
(— esteem), reverentia (= reverence), honor ( =
esteem) ; to have, feel — for, alqm vereri; in every •
— , omnio, ab omni parte, ovmi ex parte, in omnt
genere, omnibus rebus ; in — to, de alqd re; see
If board, 1 1, respectable, adj. hnnestus, spec-
tatus (= tried), bene moratus (= moral), vir bonae
exist imationis. Adv. honeste, bene, respect-
ability, n. dignitas, honcskis. respectful,
adj. observans, venerabumlans. Adv. rererenter
(Plin.). respecting, adj. de with abl. ; see
About, respective, adj. and adv. proprius,
situs, etc. (e.g. our— brothers, nostrifratres), or
by quisque (e.g. eacli has his — duties, sua cuique
sunt ojjicia) ; by alter . . . alter, hie . . . Me.
respire, v.intr. respirare; sec Breathe.
respiration, n. respiratlo, respiratus, -us,
spiritus, -ils. respiratory, adj. qui (quae,
quod) ad respiratum pertinet; — organs, pul-
■mones, pi. ( = lungs).
respite, n. and v.tr. see Reprieve.
resplendent, adj. splendidus; see Bright.
respond, v.intr., response, n. see An-
swer, respondent, n. reus (in a criminal
trial), is unde petitur (iu a civil) ; see Defendant.
responsible, adj. by alci ratio reddenda est;
to be — , alqd praestare (= to guarantee for) ; to
make oneself — for anyone, alqd in se recipere.
responsibility, n. by the adj. respon-
sive, adj. apertus ( = open), by ciicumloe. (e.g.
qui amorem pro amore reddit, — to affection ;
not — , taciturnus) ; see also Frank.
rest, I. n. 1, = quiet, tranquillitas, (n)quUs,
■etis, t, olium, \ pax; 2, see Prop. II. v.intr.
1, (con)quiescere (in gen.); = to sleep, (con)-
quiescere, requiescere, quieti se dare or tradire,
acquiescere, cessare (= to bo unemployed); 2,
to — uppn, alqd re (in)nili, svffulciri ; fig. in
alqa re niti, in alqo or alqd re positum, or
situmesse; see Depend. III. v.tr. see. Prop,
Support, resting-place, n. tranquility ad
quietem locus (from the troubles of life), decer-
sorium (= inn, also fig.), sepulcrum (sx grave)!
restive, adj. contumox. restless, adj. in-
quietus, commotus, sollicitus (= anxious), fur-
bidus, turbulentus, tumultuosus (of the sea, etc.).
Adv. use adj. restlessness, n. inquies,
■ctis (Plin.), commotio (e.g. animi, = — of mind);
sollicitudo.
rest, n. = remainder, quod rcstat, reliquum,
residuum, restitution, n. use verb, re-
storation, n. rcj'eclio, reconciliatio (e.g. gra-
tiue), or by verb, restorative, adj. and n.
medicina. restore, v.tr. rcstiluerc, reficcre
(in gen.), reducere (= to bring back, e.g. regem),
reddere (= to give back) ; to — to health, sanvre,
sanum fucere, sanitatem alci restitucn- ; see Re-
new, restorer, n. rcstitutor, reconciliator (e.g.
gratiae).
restrain, v.tr. reprehemlere (= to seize be-
hind), retrdktn (= to pull back, tig. to detain any-
one against his will), tencre(\\i. = to hold in one's
hand), retinere(= to keep back a person or tiling,
e.g. wares tempestatibus rctinentur), coittinere (—
to" hold fast on all sides), retardare (=to retard
the progress of a person or thing, lit. and fig.),
areera alqm or alqd (= to refuse access to a person
or thing), cohibcre(= to hinder the free motion of
a person or thing, hence fig. to check, e.g. iram),
comprimcre (lit. = to press together, hence tig.
violently to suppress, put a stop to, actions,
intentions, passion), reprimere, supprimere(= to
repress, hence=violentlytocheck, e.g. flctum), re-
frenare(= to bridle), circum$aibere(= to restrict),
(aYj/in£n:(=toset bounds to); to— anyone from,
by cohibere cdqd ab alqd re, defendere alqd or alqm
ab alqd re, arcere alqm (ab) alqd re (e.g. hostes
Gallia, homines ab injurid poena arut), alqm re-
xocare ab ahjd re (e.g. a scelere); to — oneself, se
ten ire. se coi>tinere(-=z to check oneself), stcoMbire,
(e.g. in affliction), restraint, n. moderutU),
res
&48
rev
tempcratio, modestia, continentia (opp. luxnrin),
impeditnentum, mora (= hindrance), modus (=
measure).
restrict, v.tr. coercere, reprimere, circum-
scribere, (de)tinire, rcstringere ; see Restrain.
restriction, n. see Restraint, Limit, re-
strictive, ii. qui (quae, quod) coercit.
result, I. v.intr. orr>i(in gen.), fieri, evenire,
evadire (= to turn out), eonseqai (alqd or ut), pro-
ficisei, nasei, gigni, ex(s)istere, ex alqd re, II.
ii. exilus, -vs, eventus, -vs, eft'ectus, -us, conse-
quent ia ; to lead to a — , exitum habere; general
— , summa.
resume, v.tr. see Recommence, resump-
tion, n. use verb.
resurrection, n. *a vwrtc ad vitam rem-
catio, resurrectio (Eccl.).
resuscitate, v.tr. i resuseitare, alqm ab in-
feris excitarc ; see Revive.
retail, v.tr. divendere, distrahere. retail-
dealer, u. projwla.
retain, v.tr. tenere, retincre, bbtinere, (con)-
servare. retainer, n. 1, cliens (— client),
7oi.i(s e suis (— one of a bodyguard) ; 2, — fee,
arr(h)a(bo).
retake, v.tr. rectperare, recipere; to — from,
abpl alci auferre.
retaliate, v.tr. par pari referre. retalia-
tion, ii. iwe verb.
retard, v.tr. (re)morari, (re)tardare (all of a
person or thing, and of the person or thing that
is the cause), detincre (a person or thing, e.g. naves
tempestatibns detineba.ntur), producere, differre,
proferre (= to protract) ; to — from one day to
the other, alqd procrastinare.
retire, v.intr. recede re (persons and things),
conccdere, abcedere, excedere, secedere (all with
a, etc.), decedere de or ex (provincial, etc, of a
magistrate), se sublrahere (imperceptibly), rece-
dere In otium, se removere a negotiis publicis, se
subtrahere a curid et ab omni parte rcipnblime
(from public business) ; to — to a place, ahfi rc-
cedere, secedere, se referre (= to go back), se abdere
in alqm locum (=;to conceal oneself from any-
thing), recedere ab, etc. (in gen.), & recipere ab,
etc., se removere ab, etc., se retrahere ab alqd re
(e.g. from a banquet, a convivio). retired, adj.
secretvs, remotus, reductus, solitarius; a — life,
vita umbralilis. retirement, n. solitvdo, vita
a rebus publicis remota, vita otiosa, uvibratilis,
privata ac quieta. retiring, adj. see Modest.
retort, I. V. regercre alqd alci. II. n. quod
alqs alci regerit ; see Reply.
retrace, v.tr. = to seek again, alqd ab alqd
re repetere; to — one's footsteps, pedem referre;
6eo Return.
retreat, I. n. 1, reditus, -Ut (= return), re-
ceptus, -vs (of soldiers, etc.), fugo (= flight) ; 2,
= place of refuge; see Refuge. II. v.intr. se
recipere (of soldiers and others), pedem or gradient
referre (in fighting), castra referre (e.g. in tnti-
era /oca, of the general), exercitum or capias
reducire alqo (e.g. in aistra, ad mare).
retrench, v.tr. sumptus minuere, circum-
cltlire, contrah&re. retrenchment, n. use
verb.
retribution, n. poena (= punishment).
retributive, adj. pro poend (= in place of
punishment).
retrieve, v.tr. see Recover, retriever,
n. canis.
retrograde, I. v.intr. 1, = to retire, se reci-
pere, pedem referre ; 2, = to grow worse, ill pejus
mutari, deter iorem fieri, IX. adj. pejor, deter ior (^
worse) ; a — movement, use ret ro(= backwards).
retrogression, n. recessus, -us, regrcssus,-us,
retrospect, n. respectus, -iis (lit. = looking
back), (prueteritorv/m) memoruu retrospect-
ive, adj. f/iii(m«e, quod) alqd respicit ; to have
a — effect, nrf praeterita pertinere. Adv. by
ret ro.
return, I. v.intr. reverti (in the perfect and
pluperfect, reverti, rercrterum, seldom reversn*
sum, etc. ; but as part, reverses with active
meaning), redire (of persons and things, e.g. of
ships, rivers), reducem esse (of persons and things,
e.g. ships, etc.), rtvenire (e.g. domum), remcare
(= to wander back), alqd repetere (= to seek
again) ; recurrere, revolare (= to tly back). II.
V.tr. reddere, restituere. III. n. 1, = going
back, reditus, -us, regressus, -iis, i-eversio (before
a journey is finished); 2, formal — , renuntiutio,
profess io ; to make a — , rcnuutiure, profiteri ;
3, = giving back, by verb, see II.; 4, see
Profit, Income, returned, adj. redux.
reunite, v.tr. 1, lit. iterwm conjuvgere ; see
Unite ; 2, fig. reconciliare atqm cunl alqo or alci
reunion, n. recoticUiatio (= reconciliation);
see also Assembly.
reveal, v.tr. patefacere, manifest um reddere,
apcrire, retegcre (rare before Aug.), (in medium
or luccm) proferre, evulgare, divulgare ; see Dis-
close, Betray, Publish, revelation, n.
patefactio, or by verb; Eccl. rcvelatio, the book
of — , Apocalypsis.
revel, I. v.intr. 1, comis(s)ari ; 2, see De-
light. II. n. and revelry, n. comis(s)atio,
reveller, n. comis(s)ator.
revenge, I. n. ultio (— the act of—), vinrfi-
catio (by the gods, the law, magistrates, and
others through the law), ulciecendi cvpiditat,
ira, iracundia. II. v.tr. vlcisci alqm or alqd,
vindicare alqm or alqd in alqm (of laws ami
magistrates), comb, vlcisci et. persequi, poenas
capire pro alqo or alcjs rei, poenas alcjs rei expe-
tere (= to claim — for anybody or anything).
revengeful, adj. 7rftionis cupidus, irutus (=
angry). Adv. irato animo.
revenue, n. vectigal, reditus, -lis.
reverberate, I. v.tr. to — the rays, radios
repercittere, regercre. II. v.intr. see Resound.
reverberation, n. repercussus, -us (Plin.,
Tac).
reverence, I. n. 1, observantia, reverentia,
rencratio, vcrecundia (stronger than reverentia) ;
religious — , religio or pietas erga Denm ; as a
title use in gen. vir rcverendus ; of a king, 011311s-
tus ; 2, to make a — , (reverenter) alqm salu-
tare. II. or revere, v.tr. alqm observare,
colere et observare, or rereri et colcre, alqm revereri,
rcrerentiam adversus (dqm adhibere, rererentium
alci habere or jiraestare. reverend, adj. re-
verendus in gen. (or Eccl.). reverent, adj.
verecundlis (= shy, modest), religiosus, venera-
bundus {— devout), pius (— dutiful). Adv. vere-
cunde, religiose, pie; they went — into the
temple, venerabundi templnm inicre (Liv.).
reverie, n. cogitalio (= thought); lost in a
— , in cogitatione riefixns, ucscio quid meditans.
reverse, I. v.tr. invertere, (eom)mntare, con-
vertcre ; see Chance. II. 11. 1, = change,
(com)mniotio, vicissitudo, rids (gen.), ]d. vices
more coninion (mostly poet.), vanrersin ; 2, =
contrary, aontrarium ; 3, = defeat, clades, -is, f. ;
see Defeat ; 4, = hind part, jxuv; aversa, re-
versible, adj. qui (quae, quod) facile inverti
potest, reversion, n. 1, see Reverse, II.;
2, legal t.t. hereditas. revert, v.intr. redire
ad alqm, cedere alci.
review, I. v.tr. inspiccre, perspicere, cognox-
rev
849
I
rid
cite, percensere, recensere, corrigere ; to — an
aroiy, recensere (i.e. to liuinber), inspicere (e.g.
the legions, arma, vivos, equos cum curd, singidos
milites), numerum alcjs inire (e.g. troops), comb.
ulqil recensere et uumtrum inire, lustrare (of the
censor, then the army by the general, with
religious rites), oculis lustrare, oculis obire (with
a glance); to — a book, perhaps cielibro judicium
exprimere. II. n. 1, conspectus, -us, or by verbs;
2, of troops, recensio (with a view to num-
bering), lustratio( = rites at beginning of a — ),
in gen. simulacrum puguae, ludicrum certamen,
imago puyujc,ju$ta belli species (all in Liv. xl. (i) ;
3, see Journal, reviewer, n. qui de libro
judicium suuni exprimit,
revile, v.tr. conviciari, convicium alcifacere,
alqm conviciis consectari or inccssire, aid maledi-
cere, alqm maledictis insectari, malcdicta in alqm
dicere or confer re, probris et maledictis alqm
vexare, maledictis or probris alqm increpare, con-
tumeliosis verbis alqm prosequi, reviler, n.
conoiciator, vudedicus. reviling, n. maledk-
tio, verborum contumelia, probrum, convicium.
revise, I. v.tr. see Review, Correct. II.
n. plagula de prelo emendanda, or by verb. re-
Vision, n. lima (lit. = file), emendatio, correctio ;
see Correction.
revisit, v.tr. reviscfe.
revive, I. v.intr. revlviscere, ad vitam redire
(lit. and fig., of persons and things), rcnasci (Jig.
of things), revlrescere, recreari, respirare. II.
V.tr. vitam akjs restituere, vitam alci reddere.
revoke, v.tr. irritum esse jubere, abrogare,
?escindcre (legem, etc.); see Abolish, Rescind.
revocable, adj. f revocabilis, qui {quae, quod)
facile miUari potest, revocation, n. revocatio
(in gen.), abrogatio, rescissio (of a law) ; see
Abrogation.
revolt, I. v.intr. seditionem movere, imperi-
V/m auspiciumque abnuere(— to refuse obedience,
of soldiers), rebellare, rebellionemfacere, imperium
alcjs detrectare, deficere ab alqo or ab alcjs imperio,
desciscere ab alqo. II. 11. seditio, defectio, rebel-
lio, tumultus, -us. revolter, n. (homo) sediti-
Csus, qui ab alqo desciscit. revolting, adj.
taeter (let-), nefandus, foedus, turpis; see Dis-
gusting.
revolution, n. 1, = turning, conversio,
orbis, anfractus, -us (solis), ambitus, -us; 2,
political — , novae res ; see also Revolt, re-
volutionary, adj. lit. seditiosus, novarum
rerum studiosus or cupidus ; fig. novissimus
(=very strange), revolutionist, n. (homo)
novarum rerum cupidus. revolutionize, v.tr.
commutare (lit. and tig.).
revolve, I. v.intr. se (re)volvere or (re)volvi,
se circumagere or circumagi, circumverti. II.
v.tr. alqd animo volvereor volutare. revolver,
n. see Pistol.
revulsion, n. [com)mutatio ; see Change.
reward, I. v.tr. praemium alci dare, tribu-
ere, (pcr)solvcre, pretium alci deferre, praemio alqm
ornurc or decorare, remunerari alqm praemio.
II. n. remuncratio, for, alcjs ret; (= the thing
itself, praemium or pretium, fructus, -us (=
fruit), rewarder, n. qui edei praemium dat,
etc.
rewrite, v.tr. iterum scribere.
rhapsody, n. perhaps dictum grandiloquvm,
or ampullae(i.e. ampullae et sesquipedalia verba).
rhetoric, n. rhetorica or rhetorics (p>jTopi»c>j),
pure Latin ars orandi or bene dicendi
scientia (Quint), rhetorical, adj. rhetoricus
(pijTopucds), oratorius. Adv. rhetorice.
rheum, ii. gravedo, humor, rheumatism,
n. cruciatus, -us, or dolor in gen.
rhinoceros, n. rhinoceros (Plin.).
rhubarb, n. radix pontica (Cels.).
rhyme, I. tl. extremorum verborum similis
sonihis, -fts. II. v.intr. versus extremis verbis
inter se consonantes, or versus qui extremis verbis
similiter sonant, facere.
rhythm, n. numerus or in the pi. nvmtri,
modus, modi, pi., rhythmus (Quint.; Cic. uses
Greek pvBvos). rhythmical, adj. numerosus.
Adv. numcrose.
rib, n. costa; of a ship, statumen.
ribald, adj. obscenus ; see Filthy, ri-
baldry, n. sermo obscenus, obscenitas.
riband, ribbon, n. rcdimiculum (= any-
thing to tie round the head, forehead), taenia,
fascia (= small bit of cloth, etc., for a head-
dress), lemniscus (for garlands, also for an order),
vitta I— head-band), infula (= fillet, also badge
of honour).
rice, i). oryza; as a dish, by puis ex ori/cd
coda.
rich, adj. dives (dis, opp. pauper), locuples (—
having much property and in a flourishing con-
dition), opulentus (= who lias means, money, in-
fluential), copiosus, copiis dives or locuples (=
rich in provisions of all kiuds, copiosus also of a
fertile mind), pecuniosus, nutgnae pecuniae, bene
nummatus, argento copiosus (— having much
money), /o>-(u>ia<Ms(=tortunate, wealthy), beutus
(= who has everything he can wish for), abundans
(= who has so much that he can give unto others ;
also of a fertile mind, opp. inops), opiums (= rich,
abundant, e.g. booty, profit, kingdom, etc.),
ampins (= considerable, splendid in a gen. sense,
e.g. reward, funeral), uber (= ample, in large
quantities, or yielding a great deal), opimus (—
. sumptuous),prc?ios«s (=costly), lautus(= luxuri-
ous) ; — in, dives alqd re (poetic with gen.), opu-
lentus alqd re, uber alqd re or alcjs rei, ferax alcjs
rei (= yielding, etc., of countries, fields, etc.),
frequens alqd re (where anything exists in large
numbers, e.g. Nilus feris et beluis frequens).
Adv. copiose, beate(= with all blessings), abun-
danter, ample (often in superl. amplissimc), pre-
tiose (= expensively), laute (= well, luxuriously).
riches, n. divitiae (= large fortune), opulentia
(= ample means, as regards money, property,
etc.), opes, f. pi. (= means wherewith to accom-
plish a thing), fortunue (= blessing of Provi-
dence), facultaUs, -urn, pi., copiae (— means of
all kinds), richness, a, copia, abundantio,
nbertas (of soil, etc.); see Abundance, Fer-
tility.
rick, n. meta (Col.).
rid, get rid of, v.tr. alqmlibcrare, expedire
alqd re, alqm eripere ex or ab alqd re (all three =:
to free from danger, and esp. from any unplea-
sant position, etc.), alqd deponere (=to lay
aside), dimittcre (= to dismiss); to have got —
of, solution, vacuum esse alqd re (e.g. fear); see
Free, Dismiss, riddance, n. liberalio ; good
— , abi (abite).
riddle, I. n. aenigma, -at is, n., arnhnfirt,
-nm, f. (= ambiguity in speech or action) ; yon
talk in — s, ambaaes nanus. II. v.intr. rnffl-
mata loqui. riddled, adj. e.g. — with
wounds, graviter vulneratus, multis vulneribus
oppressus.
Tide,y.mtr.eqvitare,equn vehi(in gen.) ; to —
up to, equo vchi ad alqm or ad alqd, aaeunitart (ui
alqm or ad alqd, obequitare alci rei ; to — quickly,
equo concitato (of several, equis citatis) advehi or
advolare, equo admisso (aptis admissis) accurrire ;
to — at anchor, tit ancoris cons.istere. rider, u.
eques, -itis, m. ; to be a very good, — , equitandi
rid
850
ns
peritissinum esse, riding, n. equltatio, equita-
tus, -ns (Plin.). riding-master, n. qui atqm
eqvitare docet.
ridge, n. mantis dorsum, jugum.
ridicule, I. n. (dc)ridiadum ; see Mock-
ery. II. v.tr. anyone or anything, irridere,
deridert alqm or alqd, in risum vcrtere (e.g. cog-
nomen); see Mock, ridiculous, adj. ridi-
cuius, ridemlus, deridiculus, perridicuhis, sub-
ridiculus; see Absurd. Adv. (pcr)ridicule,
subridicide, joculariter, deridendus, jocularis ( —
facetious), ridiculousness, n. by adj.
rife, adj. to be — (e.g. a report), feriur,
fama or res percrebescit or percrebuit.
rule, n. see Gun.
rifle, v.tr. see Plunder.
rift, d. rima; see Crack.
rig, v.tr. armare. rigging, n. armamenta,
•orvm.
right, I. adj. 1, (in geometry) rectus; —
angled, ortkogonios ; see Straight ; = not left,
dexter (opp. sinister) ; the — hand, (manus)
dextra ; 2, =s morally — , aequvs, rectus, vents (=
true), accuratus, diiigens (.= careful, accurate),
Justus; it is — , fas(jusque) est; it is not — of
you to, etc., non rectefecisti quod, etc. ; it serves
me — , jure plector (Cie.) ; it serves you — ,
merito libi accidit; 3, = correct, rectus, cents
(true), Justus (just as it should be, e.g. measure,
sire), often also by ipse ; the — word for any-
thing, verum rei vocabulvm.; to go the — road,
rectani viam ingredi (lit.) ; to go the — way
about it, rectam rationem inire (= to choose the
— remedy) ; I have got to the — house, ad cam
ipsam donvum perrenio quo tendo; at the — time,
in tempore, opportune, opportuno lenyxire (= con-
venient), temporesuo, tempore ipso (= in due time);
ad tenipus (■= at the right moment) ; to make the
— use of anything, recte or bene or sapienter uti
alqd re; you are — , res ita est ut dixisti, sunt
ista ut dicis; to do what is — , recte aghe. II.
adv. recte, vere, juste, rite (=duly), jure, merito
(= deservedly), bene ( = well), diligentcr, accurate
(= accurately), plane, prorsus (= altogether, I
do-not — understand, non satis or plane intcllego).
III. n. = — to do anything, jus, jc'Mitas alcjs rei
(= power, as a — , to do so) ; I have a — to do it,
jus est alqd facers, potestate.m habeo alqdfaciendi ;
fas (=the divine law, what is — in the sight of
God, hence, what is in the course of nature, what
our conscience allows us to do) ; contrary to all
— s, contra jus fasque, contra jus ac fas; by — s,
jure, suojnre(= from his own personal — ), merito
(= deservingly) ; with the greatest —,jHBtissime,
justo jure, optimo jure, merito atque optima jure,
jure meritoqne, jure ac merito, merito ac jure.
righteous, adj. bonus, probus, sancttis, ae-
quuSj Justus. Adv. bene, probe, sancte, juste.
righteousness, n. probitas, sanctitas.
rightful, adj. legitimus, Justus, debitus (=
due), or rruo de jure est. Adv. lege, legitime, juste,
jure; see Legally, Right, II.
rigid, adj. rigidus, rigens (lit, = stiff with
cold; then fixed in gen., e.g. eyes, hair; rigidus
also fig. inflexible, unsociable, e.g. mores rigidi),
imvwbilis(= immovable, of persons and things),
dums (= without grace, delicacy, opp. mollis),
uterus (■= severe). Adv. rigide, dure, severe.
rigidity, n. rigor. rigorous, adj. see
Rigid, rigour, n. rigor (opp. dementia, also
of a thing, e.g. animi, veteris disciplinne, mostly
post Aug.), severiUu, duritia.
rill, n. rivus (rivuhts very late, except in
fig. sense).
rim, n. tabrwtn (= lip), ora (of a shiAjd,
. etc.); s*e Edge.
rime, n. pruina.
rind, n. cortex (of trees), liber (= the inward
bark) ; see Skin.
ring, I. n. circnlus, orbis, -is, m. (in gen.), an-
(n)ulus (= — on a linger, of curtains, chains,
hair), inaures, -ium, f. (=ear- — s), = circle, fig.
corona, orbis, -is, m., circulus. II. v.tr. and intr.
tinnirc ; to — at the door, pidsare fores or januam
(=to knock), to — for anyone, (aeris) Hnnitu
alqin arccssere (lit.), digitis concrcpare (=to snap
with the fingers, as the Romans did when they
wished to call a slave) ; of bells, sonare (intr.) ;
to — the bells, campanam pulsare ; = to resound,
resono.re; to — the changes, alqd iterare ; — to
surround, circumdare ; see Surround, ring-
dove, n. columba (= blue rock), palumbes, -is,
m. and f. (= stock-dove), ringing, I. adj.
t sonorus, ranorus. II. n. + tinnitus, -us, or by
sonus. ringleader, n. auctor, princeps, caput,
dux, fax (lit. = torch), tuba (lit. — trumpet),
ringlet, n. cirrus; see Curl, ringworm,
n. lichen (PYm.).
rinse, v.tr. eluere, colluere, perluh-e.
riot, I. n. 1, seditio, motus, -us,concitatio(e.g.
plebis contra patres), tumullus, -its (of slaves,
peasants, allies against the Romans themselves),
vis repentina (= sudden rising) ; 2, = extrava-
gant conduct, comis(s)atio (= feasting), rixa (=
brawling). II. v.intr. 1, seditionem (tumultum,
etc.) movere or concitare ; 2, = to rim riot, comis-
(s'ytri (= to revel), bacchari (= to rave), luxuriate.
(:= to live riotously). rioter,n. (homo) sediliosus,
turbulenhts, etc. riotous, adj. 1, sediliosus,
rerum evertendarum or rerum novarum cupidus,
rerum mutationis cupidus, turbulentus, comb.
seditiosus ac turbidentus (e.g. tin's); 2, comis(s)-
abundus; — living, luxuria. Adv. turbulente,
seditiose, luxuriose.
rip, v.tr. 1, scindcre, divellire (=to tear)
see Tear, Cut ; 2, dissuere (a seam ; rare).
ripe, adj. maturvs, tempest iv us (lit. and tig.),
cactus; a — old nge'senectus, -utis; — judgment,
judicium, ripen, I. v.tr. maturare(]\t. and fig.).
II. v.intr. matitrari, maturescere, ad maturitatem
pervenire, maturitatem assequi or adipisci. ripe-
ness, n. mo.tu ritas (lit. and fig.), maturitas tern-
jiestiva (lit.), tempestivitas (lit. and lig.).
ripple, I. v.intr. perhaps leni murmure de-
fluere, or dclabi, susurrare, leniter \sonare. II.
n. perhaps unda; the — of the waves, lene
undarum murmur.
rise, I. v.intr. 1, = to get up, (ex)surgere, con-
surgere (csp. of a number of people), assurgere
(esp. as a mark of honour to anyone, alci) ; to —
in the morning, ejpergisci (= to awake), (e lectulo
or hclulo alone) surgere; from table, a cena ; to
— from illness, e morbo assurgere; of the sun,
stars, etc., of sunrise, (di)htcesrcrc, Uluscere, (ex)-
oriri; of the wind, tempest, etc., consurgcre, co-
oriri; 2, = to increase, surgere, increbesccre, cres-
cere; to. — in the air, (in) sublime ferri^ of a river,
nasci (Tlin.),profcisci, gigni,(ex)oriri; to — from
beneath, emergere ; of thoughts, subire mentem or
animum, alci succurrere ; of prices, ougeri, cres-
cere, ingravescere; to — in dignity, in the world,
etc., od honores ascendere, altiorem dignitatis gra-
dum consequi ; 3, = to rebel, cooriri (e.g. ad bel-
lum); see Repel; to — again, resu rgere (Eccl.).,
II. n. and rising, n. (ex)ortus, -is (of the sun,
etc.), a(d)scensus, -us(= place where one ascends) ;
— of a hill, so cliv»s leniter assurgens (of a gentle
— ) ; = origin, ortvs, -us, cans(s)a. ferns, -nils, m.,
origo ; to give — to, locum, alci rei. dare, or pra»-
here, effcire; see Cause; — in price, annona
carior (of corn), in gtD. use verb; = insurrec-
tion ; see RrEELLiON. rising, adj. of ground,
(eollis) pavl(l)uJvm ex planitie editus or assurgens
ris
851
fig. perhaps qui gratia (in dies) augdur (of repu-
tation, etc.); see Prosperous.
r jsible, adj. quod ad ridendum pertinet.
risibility, n. by riders (e.g. I liave nothing
to excite my — , non habeo quod rideam).
risk, I. n. perknlum(=fangeT), discrimen,alea
alcjsrei(= danger, uncertainty in anything); at
my — , meo periculo ; to take anything at one's
own — , alqd periculi sui faeere. II. v.tr. alqd
in alcam dare, alqd in periculum or dismmcn
adducere or vocare ; to — one's life, committers se
periculo mortis.
rite, n. by ritus, -us; see Ceremony, ritual,
I. adj. de ritu. II. n. liber or formula sacrorum.
ritualist, n. homo de sacris (rite faciendis)
daigentissimus.
rival, I. n. aemulus, fern, aemida (in gen.),
rualis (as a lover), competitor (political). II.
adj. aemulans cum alqo. III. v.tr. (con)certare or
contendere cum alqo(= to contest), aemulari alqm
or cum alqo (= to strive for anything which an-
other tries to gain), rivalry, n. aemulatio.
river, I. n. fluvius, flumen, amnis, rivits
(= rivulet, any small river which flows), torrens
(— torrent) ; the — flows quickly, fluvius citatus
(or incitatus)fertur; slowly, fluvius placide man-
at; the— is rapid, fluvius violentus invehitur ; is
low, amnis tenui fluit aqua; a swollen — , rivus
inflatus; to direct a — into another channel,
amnem in, alium, cursum deflectcre. II. adj.
fluviaticus, fluvialilis, fluvialis. .river-basin,
n. locus uH omnia flumina in unum defluunt.
river-god, n. numen flumiuis. river-horse,
n. hippopotamus (Pliu.).
rivet, I. v.tr. clav(ul)o figcre. II. n. fibula
ferrea, claims (nail).
road, n. 1, via (= the way for going or tra-
velling), iter (= the going, or the — itself); on
the — , id or ex itinere; a — goes to, iterfert alqo ;
2, fig. the right—, via; the wrong — , error.
roads, n. pi. = anchorage for ships, roadstead,
staiw. roadside, adj. by in itinere. road-
ster, n. cabullus.
roam, v.intr. palari (e.g. per agros), vagari.
roaming, adj. vagus.
roan, adj. badius albis maculis sparsus.
roar, I. v.intr. of beasts, mugire (of an ox,
also of thunder, etc.), rudere (= to bray like an
ass, also of lions, stags, etc.), rugire, fremere (of
lions), vociferari (of men). II. n. mugltus, ru-
ditus, rugitus (all -us), vociferatio.
roast, I. v.tr. assare, torrere, frigere (the two
foregoing = to fry). II. adj. assus ; — meat, as-
sum, caro assa, assa, n. pi. (several pieces); —
beef, assumbubulum; —veal, assuvi vitulinum.
rob, v.tr. rapere, lutroiinari (= to — on the
highway); alqm alqd redepeculari(men, temples,
etc., rare), alqm alqd re (cx)spoliare, desiwliare,
expdare, compilarc (= to strip temples, the
public treasury, etc., the latter also alqd
alqd re), fraudare alqm re (by cheating), alqd
(dci tripert (= to snatch away), adripere, au-
ferre (= to take away) ; to — of children, or-
bare, robber, n. ercptor (plunderer), praedo
(= who seeks after booty both by sea and by
land), latro(= burglar), pirata(= pirate), fur(=
thief); band of — s, latronum or praedonum globus,
latronum or praedonum turba, or simply latrones,
p-raedones, or latrocinium (Cic, and fig. of Catiline
and his associates), robbery, n. rapina, spo-
liatio (the act), latrocinium (= highway — ; la-
trocinium alone or latrocinium maris also =
piracy), praedatio (= taking booty) ; robberies
of all kinds, latrocinia et raptus ; to commit — ,
rapere, ropiixis faeere, lairociiidri, piraticnm
fruZre or vxrclre (bv sea).
roo
robe, I. n. vtstis (= dress in gen.), amictus,
■us( = anything thrown ovcr),sfota, palla(= dresg
for the Roman ladies), trabea (= robe of state) :
sec Dress, Gown. II. v.tr. rehire.
robust, adj. robustus; see Strong.
rock, n. saxum(= any mass of stones), rupes,
■is (- steep — , on the land and in the sea),
scopulus (m prose, = dangerous — in tl» water,
clilt), cautcs, -is, f. (= ragged — , crag), comb.
saxa et caxdes ; (ig. arx (= castle, — , e.g. an
est ilia s]jei salutisque noslrae). rocky, adj.
sco2>ulosus, saxosus, saxeus (= made of — ).
rock, I. v.tr. movere, qualere. II. v.intr.
movere.
rocket, n. by radius pyrius.
rod, n. virga (in gen.), ferula( = fennel-giant,
for chastising children), arundo (cane), decern-
peda (in land-surveying).
roe, n. of fish, ova, -orum, pi.
roe, ii. = female deer, caprea. roebuck,
n. capreolus, caprea.
rogation, n. rogatio(= the proposal of a law ;
Eccl. = prayer), supplicatio (= prayer).
rogue, n. (homo) perfidus, nequam, scelestus,
sceleratus, fraudulentus, veterator, (tri)furcifer
(Com.), roguery, n. fraus, -dis, f., dolus.
roguish, adj. 1, perfidus, fraudulentus; see
under Rogue; 2, = saucy, protervus, lascivus.
Adv. perfide, nequiter, sceleste, scelerate, fraudu-
lenter, proterve, lascive.
roll, I. v.tr. volvire, devohere (down), evol-
vere (out), provolvire (forward), convohere (to-
gether), volutare, versare (over and over) ; to —
round anything, alqd alci rei circumvolvere, in-
volvere. II. v.intr.. convolvi, se volutare, volu-
tari; tears — down his cheeks, lacrimae per
genoA manant. III. n. orbis, cylindrus (= cylin-
der) ; = what is rolled up, volumen (of paper) ;
= a — of bread, panis; — .of a drum, tympani
pulsatio (■=. beatiDg), or sonus (= sound) ; =
list, album (e.g. senator, -ium, Tac). roller,
n. cylindrus (for rolling things round, or for
levelling ground), phalangae (put under ships).
roll-call, n. album; to answer to the — , ad
■nomina resjwndere.
Roman' Catholic, adj. *Catholicus, *qui
fidem Romanae Ecclcsiae tenet.
romance, I. n. fabula. II. v.intr. fabuluri.
romantic, adj. fictus (= feigned), mirus, novus
(= wonderful), amoenus (= pretty, of a place).
Adv. ut in foiulis fit, fic.te, mire, amoene.
romp, v.intr. see Play.
roof, I. ii. tectum, culmen ; buildings without
— , aedtjicia hypacthra; to receive under your—,
hospitio exciperc alqm. II. v. tr. to — , tecto tegcre ;
to unroof, nudare tecto. roofless, adj. hypac-
thrus, nudatus ; = homeless, sine tecto.
. room, n. 1, locus, spiUum e.g. to make — ,
viam or locum dare, locum dare et cedere; )x>pu-
lum or turbam submovere (e.g. for the consul
by the lie tors), partem sedis or subselli vucuam.
faeere (= to give up one's seat); see Space ; 2,
= apartment, conclave, cubiculum (= chamber,
bed — ); hospitalia, -iuvi, n. (= guest cham-
bers); dining — , cenaculum; (all the — s above
the ground-floor were cenacula) ; cenatio ; a
small — , cenatiuncula ; bed — , cubiculmn (see
Smith, "Diet. Antiq. Art," Domus). roomy,
adj. sjxitiosvs; see Spacious.
roost, I. n. pertica gallinaria. II. v.intr.
stabulari.
root, I. n. 1, radix (= —"of a tree ; then — x>t
the tongue, hair, feather, mountain, hill, etc. ;
fig. = origin) ; by the — s, radiciivs; radidbus;
2, tig- stirps, fans, -ntis, m., eavt>(s)a (= cause,
rop
852
rul
origin, source) ; with the — , radicitus, radicibus.
II. v.intr. radicari (lit. Col.), radices capere
or mittere (lit.), inhaerescere in mente (fig. of
that which one does not forget), radices agere
( = to take — , also fig. = to gain a thin footing),
iiisidire, in re tern serf re (both fig., the former of a
superior, the latter of a ..abit, an evil, etc.).
III. v.tr. /overt, oli-rc (rig. = to foster) ; to — up,
creltere. rooted, adj. inveleratus, conjirmalns
(tig.); deeply — , tig. penitvs defixiis.
rope, n. rcstis (= a thin — ), funis, -is, in. ( =
a thick — ), rudens (= a cable), retinaculum (of
a ship), funis ancomrius, oncorale (= anchor — ),
funis extcnitus (= tight — ).
rosary, n. 1,= garden of roses, rosarium,
rosetnm; 2, = beads, rosarium (Eccl.). rose,
n. rosa. rosy, adj. roscus.
rosemary, n. ros marines.
rosin, n. resina.
rostrum, n. rostra, -orum.
rot, I. v.intr. putrescere, putrefari, tabesccre.
II. n. tabes, -is. rotten, adj. putrefactus,
putridus.
rotate, v.intr. sc volvere, volvi, se cfrcuma-
gere, circumagi; see Revolve, rotation, n.
ambitus, -us, circuitus,-us, eircumactio (e.g. rota-
rum), cimdatio or circinatio (of the planets),
cursus, -ils (= course); in — ,ordinc; seo Suc-
cession, rotatory, adj. t versdtilis.
rotundity, n. tigura rotunda, rotunditas
(Plin.).
rouge, I. n. fiicus. II. v.intr. fucarc.
rough, adj. as2>er(e.g. road, places, climate,
voice, life or mode of living, man), salebrosus(-
rugged, uneven), confmgosus (= craggy, stony),
hirsutus (lit- = shaggy ; then of thorns, etc.),
asper, gravis (of weather), turbidns (of weather |
or wind); see Stormy ; horridus(= standing on
end ; hence void of refinement, of things and
persons, e.g. verba), mucus (= hoarse) ; of cha-
racter, ivhumanus, inurbanus, agrestis, rusticus;
see Sketch. Adv. aspere, dure, duriter, inku-
mane, inurbane, rustice. roughen, v.tr. (ex)-
asperare (lit. and fig.), roughness, n. asperi-
las (in gen., e.g. of the climate, i'rdi, animi),
durilia; of manners, inhumanitas, inurbani-
tas, rusticitas.
round, I. adj. rotnndus, glnbosus( = globular),
orbicidatns (lit. = orbicular, like a disk ; tlien
— like a ball, — in gen.), teres (rounded),
coinb. teres et rotundus. II. v.tr. 1, rotundare,
curvare, conglobare ; 2, fig. polirc, concludrre.
III. n. 1, see Circle ; 2, in fighting, certamen ;
in music, cantus, -us (song) ; to go the — s,
vigilios circumire. IV. adv. and prep, circa,
circum (alqd). roundabout, adj. and adv. de-
vivs ; a — wav, ambdnes, -urn, eircvitus, -its.
rounded, adj. teres (lit. and fig.), rotundatvs,
rotnndus, conglobatus ; of style, quasi rotundus,
concinnus. roundelay, n. see Song, round-
ly, adv. plane, prorsus (= altogether).
rouse, v.tr. excitare.
rout, I. v.tr. to — the enemy, hastes dissipare
or hoftes in fvgam dissipare. II. n. see Jlon,
Defeat.
route, n. see Way, Road, Journey.
routine, n. habitus, -us (= any art or virtue
in which we feel at home, as it were), usus, -us
(= practice), ordo (= order).
rove, v.intr. see Ramble, rover, n. qui
errat, etc. ; = pirate, pircta, m., praedo.
row, n. ordo, -into, in., series; first, second,
etc. — of seats, sedilia prima, secunda, etc. ;
iii' a — , (<m) nrdi ite, in ordineih, deinceps.
row, n. 1, see Quarrel ; 2, see Noise.
row, I. v.intr. remxgare; to — with all one's
might, remis contendere. II. v.tr. remis propel-
lere.
royal, adj. regius, or by the gen. regis ( — be-
longing to a king), regalis (= according to the
dignity of a king). Adv. regie, regal it c r , regit)
more, royalist, n. ijui regis parlibns vludet.
royalty, n. 1, rcgiu poteslas; 2, on a bonk,
frudus, -iis, redilus, -its.
rub, v.tr. terere (= to — off, to — to pieces),
v<tciar( = to — against), contrrcre( = to pound),
fricare (e.g. a floor), demulccre, permula're (= to
stroke) ; to — out, delere.
rubber, n. at whist, by paginis ter conten-
dere.
rubbish, n. 1, rudus( = rubble) ; see Refuse;
2, nugae, gerrae ; see Nonsense.
rubble, n. rudus.
rubric, n. ndrrica (Eccl.).
ruby, I. n. carbunculus (Plin.). II. adj.
purpureas.
rudder, n. gubernaculum, clavus.
ruddy, adj. rubicundus. ruddiness, n.
use adj. (e.g. color rubicundus).
rude, adj. rudis(= inexperienced); — verses,
versus inconditi or incompositi ; = unmannerly,
agrestis, rusticus, inurbanus, inhumenus ; = in-
solent, insolens. Adv. incondite, incomposite,
rustice, inurbane, inhumane, insolenter. rude-
ness, n. rusticitas, inhumanitas, inurba.nitas,
insolentia, mores rnstici, etc.
rudiments, n. pi. ntdimenta ; see Ele-
ments, rudimentary, adj. inchcatus.
rue, n. ruta.
rue, v.tr. see Regret, Repent, rueful,
adj. see Sorrowful, ruth, n. see Pitt.
ruff, n. see Collar.
ruffian, u. latro (= bandit), sicarius (= as-
sassin), /i'Viio nefarius, etc. ruffianly, adj.
nefarius, nequam, perditus, scelcratus; see
Wicked.
ruffle, v.tr. 1, agitare; to be — d, inharres-
cere (also of a hen, to — her feathers, gallinae
inhorresaint edito ovo, exentiuntque sese, Plin.);
2, fig- see Excite, Irritate.
rug, n. stragvlum. rugged, adj. see Rough,
Uneven.
ruin, I. n. 1, — s, ruinae, parietinae (e.g.
Corinthi), muridiruti (= walls partly destroyed);
2, nii?!tt(lit. = the falling in, then fig.), interitus,
-lis, exitium; the — of one's fortune, ruina
fortunarum : that was his — , hoc ei exitio fait ;
see Destruction. II. v.tr. pessumdare (lit. and
fig.), perdere, alqm or a.lqd praecipitare (e.g. the
State), conftccre (= completely to wear out, ex-
haust, e.g. partem plebis tributo), prosternere
alqm or alqd (e.g. the enemy), affligere (e.g. the
State, etc.), profiigare (entirely, a person, the
State, one's health), also comb, affligere et per-
,/ ,, , affliglre ct prosternere, affligere et profiigare
(fi\\=funditus perdere or evertSre). ruinous,
adj. 1, see Pernicious ; 2, = very great (of
expense), maximns, effusus.
rule, I. v.tr. and intr.l, regcre, civilaiem regcre,
imperium tractare, regnare, rimpublicam regcre or
moderari, reipublicac praeesse ; see Reign ; 2, to
— passions, alqd or alci rei tempcrare; see Re-
strain. II, t\.lex(e.g;. leges dicendi),praescrij t i ,ii ,
praeceplum, ars, ratio, regula (= a ruler or in-
strument for ruling lines or deciding cases,
as regula. smnonis, regula ad quam alqd diri-
gitur), norma ; to give a — , legem dare, scribere,
'praeceptum dare or tradcre ; to lay down as a — ,
rum
853
saf
pnxuipere, praescribere ; in a court of law
'erticere. rUler, n. 1, rector, moderator, qui ttlci
retpraeest; 2, for drawing, regvla.
rumble, v.intr. (in)sonare, mugire, mur-
mware.
rum'nate, v.intr. ruminareor nminari (tr.
and in tr. , lit. and lig.), remandere (tr. ami
iutr., 1'lin.); see Meditatk. ruminant, adj.
ruvLiiutlts (1'lin.). rumination, n. ruminatio
(lit. and llg.).
rummage, v.intr. alqd perscruturi.
rumour, I. n. rumor, fama, serma ( = talk),
opinio (= opinion), auditio ( = what we know by
hearsay), comb, rumor (or fama) et auditio. II.
v.tr., it is — ed, fertur, (res, fama, etc.) percre-
oescit.
rump, n. dunes, -htm, m. and f.
rumple, v.tr. immundum (in gen.), incomv-
t«m(of hair)/acere.
run, I. v.intr. ((?e)currere.(from a higher place
to one that lies lower, ab, de = down from, ex —
out of, per, with accus. or the simple accus. =
through, ad — as far as), cursu ferri, aufugere (= to
— away), cursu tendere alqo ( = to — anywhere),
occur re re ( = to — up to), percurrere ( — to — to a
place), procurrere(= to — out of), se proripere (—
to dash forth, e.g. into the street, in publicum;
out of the house, foras), effundi, se cffundere (of
a large crowd, e.g. in castra), transcurrcre alqd
I = to — over anything ; then absolute = to —
across to, over to anyone, e.g. ad alqm), circum-
currere, circwmcursarealqm locum' = to — about
in a place), cursare, trepidare (— to — about), per-
vagari alqm locum (= to ramble about in a place) ;
to — against each other, inter se coucurrere ; to
— a race, cursu certare, certatim currere; to —
against anyone, incurrere or incurrere et incidere
in alqm ; against anything, impingi alci rei, se im-
pinge re in ulqd, so of a ship, scopulo, etc., = to —
aground; to — down, fig. see Decay; to — after
anyone, cursu effuso tendere or currere ad alqm,
cttpide appetere alqd (fig. = to long for) ; of rivers
(= to How), infcrri, (inyiuere in alqd; to — into,
influere in, etc., effundi, se effundere(e.g. in mare);
to — into = to enter, intrare alqd, alqm locum
(e.g. portion); to — out of, exire(ex)alqo loco (e.g.
of ships, carriages); to — round, ferri, moveri,
circa alqd (e.g. circa terrain, of the sun) ; tears —
over his cheeks, lacrimae viauant per genas ; to
over, equina, etc., agere in alqm =to treat, light-
ly, alqd (oratione, etc.) percurrere, perstringere ;
to — to seed, in semen ire. II. n. cursus, -us,
citatus or effusus. runaway, n. fugitivus.
runner, n. cursor, running, I. adj. —
water, aqua viva. II. n. see Ron, II.
rupture, I. n. 1, fractura (e.g. ossis); 2,
fig. discordia (= disagreement) ; dissidium. II.
v.tr. frangere, confringere, difringere ; see
Break.
rural, adj. rusticus, agrestis ( = in the coun-
try ; also = simple, plain, etc.), rusticus ( = pe-
culiar to the country, e.g. — life).
rush, n.juncus, s(c)irpus; made of—, juncens
or juncinus, s(c)irpeus ; full of— es, jnucomis; a
place covered witli — es, juncetum. rushlight,
n. see Lamp.
rush, v.intr. see Ron.
rusk, n. perhaps panis tostus.
russet, adj. fuscus ( = dusky).
rust, I. n. robigo (rub-, in gen. ; also in re-
ference to corn), situs, -us( = mould, niustiness),
ferrugo (=z — of iron), aerugo (= — of copper).
II. v.intr. robiginem trahere or sentire, robi-
gine obduci, robigine infestari (all in Plin.),
fig. corrumpi. III. v.tr, alqd robigine ob-
. duccre, etc. (Plin., Quint.), rusty, adj. robi-
ginosus (rub-, in gen.), aeruginosa Qa Sen., of
brass and copper).
rustic, adj. rusticus, rustiranus, agrcstts.
rusticate. I. v.tr. perhaps nu releyare. II.
V.intr, rusticari, rare invert or degcre.
rustle, I. v.intr. crepare, crepitum darelot'a
clattering noise), strepere, ttrtpituw dare nr rdin
(loud), *oHare(= to sound loud); to— (of leaves)
perliaps Uusurrare{= to whisper). II. n. crepi-
tus, -us, strepitus, -us, bohiu.
rut, n. orblta.
ruth, n. see Rue.
rye, n. secale (Plin.).
S.
Sabbath, n. sabbata, -orum.
sable, adj. niger, ater; see Black.
sabre, n. acinous, -is.
saccharine, adj. by dulcis.
sacerdotal, adj. quod ad sacerdoles or sacer-
dot mm pertinet.
8 * ck » h "■ *• s « cc "s; —of leather, miens,
see Bao ; 2, see Plunder. II. v.tr. see Plun-
der, sackbut, n. buccina. sackcloth, ii.
by toga sordula ; in — and ashes, sortlidutus.
sacrament, n. sacramentum (Eccl.).
sacred, adj. sneer, mnctus, sacrosaiiaus, re-
ligiosus, augustus; nothing is more — to me
than, etc., nihil antiquius est quenn, etc. ; to
declare — , snncire. Adv. sancte, religiose,
auguste. sacredness, u. sanctiias, or by re-
ligio.
Sacrifice, I. n. sacrificinm, sacra, -orum, n„
res dioina (the act), victima, host la ( = the vic-
tim) ; = loss, juctura, damnum. II. v.tr. 1, sacrifi-
care, (sacra, or rem, diviuum) facere with ablat. of
victim, liostiam immolare, litem (under favour-
able auspices), caedere( = to slaughter); 2, fig.
alcjs rei jacturam facere, alqd alci dare, dedert
(= to give up); to — one's life for, pro alqd re
or alqd ocw.nbere, vitam profundere. sacri-
flcer, n. immolator (rare), or by verb, sacri-
ficial, adj. by genit. of sacrijicium, f wcri-
ficiulis.
sacrilege, n. sacrihgium. sacrilegious,
adj. sacrilegus. Adv. by adj.
sacristan, n. auiituus. sacristy, n. sacra-
Hum.
sad, adj. 1, = sorrovful, maestus, tristis,
maerens, afftictus (= cast down); 2, = causing
sadness, graris, acerbus, trislis, miserabilU,
miserandvs, luctuosus. Adv. maeste, t triste,
miserabiliter, htctuose. sadden, v.tr. viacstitid,
dolore, etc., alqm officere. sadness, n. maes-
titia, tristitia, dolor ( = pain), maeror, aegritvdo,
aegrimonia, miseria (often in pi.); see Sorrow.
saddle, I. n. ephippivm. II. v.tr. tmtmm
stcrnire; to — anyone with anything, idqd alci
imponere, injungere. Saddle bags, n. hippo-
perae (Sen.), saddle horse, n. ., .,„>-. sad-
dler, n. cphippiorum urtifex.
Safe, I. adj. tutus (ab alqd re), sulcus totptt
(= — and .sound), integer (— whole), inculmnis
(= unharmed), ]<ericulo vacuus(= free from dan-
ger). Adv. tuto, lute. II. n. cella pmuria. safe-
conduct, n. fides (publica). safeguard,
n. propugnaexdnm ; sec Protection, safety,
n. stilus, -tills, {., incolumitas ; iu — , tutus, etc.
safety-valve, n. 1, lit. perhaps Joramen }ier
quod vapor calidus emiltitur ; 2, lig. salutis certa
via atque ratio.
saf
S54
sat
saffron, I. n. crocus. II. adj. croceus.
sagacious, ndj. sagax, pendens, perspuiax,
rationis el consihi plants. Adv. saguciter, pru-
denter. sagacity, n. sagacitas, prudentia, per-
epicadtas.
sage, n. sah-Ut (Plin.).
sage, I. adj. see Wisp. U. n, sapiens.
sail, I. tl. velum ;:to set — , vela, dare ; — to set
out — , (navem) solvere ; to fiirl — ', vela subducere.
II. v.intr. navigare ; to — over, transvehi, trans-
mitti ; to — past, pruetervehi ; to — round, cir-
cumvehi. sailing, u. navigatio. sailor, n.
•nauta, m.
saint, n. (vir) sanctus, (fcmina) sancta,
beatus, beata (Eccl.). saintly, adj. so. actus.
sake, n. for the — of, ob, propter, per (with
accus.), prxte, pro, de (witli ablat.), caus(s)d or
gratia (with genit., and more rarely ergo, which
follows the genit,), or hy part, motus, affectus,
coactus <dqd re.
salaam, n. by corpus liumi prosternere.
salad, n. acetaria, -orum (Plin.).
salamander, n. salamandra (Plin.).
salary, I. n. merces, -edis, f. II. v.tr. metre-
detn cdci dare; to be salaried, mercedem accipcre.
sale, n. venditio (in gen.), hasta ( = auction) ;
to offer for — , (dqd venum dare, saleable,
adj. vcndibilis ( = on sale), quod facile rendi
latest, salesman, n. venditor.
salient, adj. praecipuus ( = chief) ; see
Principal.
saline, adj. salsus.
saliva, n. saliva.
Sallow, adj. pallida*.
sally, I. v.tr. erumpere, eruptionem facere.
II. n. 1, eruptio ; 2, fig. alqd argute dictum.
salmon, n. salmo (Plin.).
saloon, n. atrium, exedra, oecus.
salt, I. n. sal. II. adj. salsus. III. v.tr.
sole condire, salire. salt-cellar, n. salinum,
concha sails, salt-mine, salt-pit, salt-
works, n. salifodina, saliuac. S.i]tneS3, n.
salsitudn,
salubrious, adj. saluber, or saluhris. Adv.
mlubriter. salubriousness, n. salubritas.
salutary, adj. salutaris ; see Useful.
salute, I. v.tr. salutare, consalntare (of
several); in letters, alci, mvltam or plwrimam
salutem dicere, impertire, a(d)scribere ; of sending
a message, so salutem nuntiare, or simply salutem.
II. n. 1, see Kiss ; 2, milir, t.t. perhaps by tela
alci erigere honoris caus(s)d ( = by presenting
arms), missilibas effu*is alqm excipere ( = by
discharge of guns), salutation, n. salutatio,
sulus (see above), alqm solvere jubcre.
salvation, n. salus, -ntis, f., conscrvatio (in
gen.).
salve, I. n. unguentum ; for the eyes, col-
lyrium. II. v.tr. (in)ungere.
salver, n. see Dish.
salvo, n. with this — , hoc excepto, 7uic lege or
co idicione.
same, adj. idem, eadem, Idem ; =: — as, fol-
lowed by et, ac, que ut, qui (quae, quod), quam,
quasi, cum with ablat. {alci rei), units etidem,
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (=self), ejusdem generis (=of the
same kind) ; it is not the — whether, multnm in-
terest lUrum . . . an ; it is the — to me, met? nihil
interest or refert ; m the — way, eodem modn • nt
the — time, eodem tempore; in the — place,
ibidem ; to the — place, eodem. sameness,
p. see Monotony,
sample, n. exemplum, specimen, document
turn*; see Example.
sanatory, adj. quod alci rei mtdetur ; see
also Salutary.
sanctify, v.tr. (con)secrare, dedicare (—io
consecrate), sanetificare (Eccl.). sanctiflca-
tion.n. sanctijicatio (Eccl.). sanctimonious,
adj. perhaps by qui se sanctissimum esse simulat.
sanction, I. n. confirmatio,'aiictoritas, fides;
n ith, without the — of, jussu, injvssu alcjs. II.
v.tr. sancire, ratum facere, ration esse jubere ; see
also Allow, sanctity, n. sanctitas (both as
moral quality and sacredness of a thing, in
which latter sense also caerimonia and religio).
sanctuary, n. templum, penetralia, -ium,
delubrum, fanum, f adytum, asylum (in the sense
of refuge).
sand, n. arena, sabidum (saMilo, coarse),
saburra (for ballast), sand-bank, n. syrtis.
sand-glass, n. clepsydra, sand heap, n.
acervusarenae. sandstone, n. lofiis. sandy,
adj. arenosv.s, sabulosus (=full of sand).
sandal, n. sandalium (very rare), crepida,
solea ; wearing — s, crcpidatus, soleatus.
sane, adj. sanies, sanuset salens, mentis com-
]X>s, animi integer; to be — , mentis compotnm
esse ; not to be — , mente caption esse, mente alie-
nari or alicnatum esse, nullius consilii esse.
sanity, n. use adj.
sanguinary, adj. sangninem sitiens (=
thirsting for blood), aucntus, f sanguineus (=
bloody) ; see Cruel, Bloody, sanguine,
adj., sanguineness, n. see Hope, Hopeful-
ness.
Bap, I. n. sucus. II. v.tr. 1, =to under-
mine, cuniculos agere ; 2, fig. corrwnpere (—to
spoil), haurire(— to drain away), sapless, adj.
1, lit. suco carens; 2, fig. exsucus (Quint.), sap-
ling, n. arbor novella, sapper, n. qui cuni-
culos agit.
sapient, adj. sapiens, sapieniid praeditus ;
to lie — , sapere.
sapphire, n. sapp(li)irus (Plin.).
sarcasm, n. facetiae acerbae or dictum acule-
alum, sarcastic, adj. acerbus. Adv. acerbe.
sarcophagus, n. sarcophagus (Juv.).
sardonyx, n. sardonyx (Plin.).
sash, n. cingulum ; sec Belt ; a — window,
fenestra ex ligned compage confecta.
Satan, n. Satanas, -de. Satanic, adj. see
Devilish.
satchel, n. pent, saeculus (Plin.).
satellite, n. satelles, -itis, in. and f.
satiate, v.tr. (cx)satiare, explere, saturate ;
to — oneself with food, ciho scUiari. satia-
tion or satiety, n. satietas, saturitas.
satin, n. pannus serious densior ac nitens.
satire, n. satira (satvra), carmen satiricum,
carmen probrosum, carmen tfavwsum, carmen
maledicens, carmen, refertum contumeliis, versus
in alcjs cupiditatem- facti. satirical, adj.
acerbus ; see above. Adv. acerbe. satirist,
n. qui libclhim or libcllos ad infamiam alterius
edit, satirarum scriptor, satirici carminis scrip-
tor, satirize, v.tr. alqm p>erstringcre, acerbis
facetiis alqm irridere, carmen probrosum facere
in. alqm, carmen cal edejs infamiam edere.
satisfaction, n. satisfactio (originally =
payment of a creditor, then amends to any-
one injured), exp!etio(= fulfilment), voluptas (=
pleasure), poena (= penalty), satisfactory,
adj. idoneus (= suitable) ; see (Joon, Excellent.
Adv. bene, ex sentciitia. satisfy, v.tr. sutisfa-
sat
855
see
cere alci, plactre alci, ex(s)pectationem or deside-
rium explore.
satrap, n. satrapcs, -ae and -is, m.
saturate, v.tr. see Soak.
Saturday, n. * dies Satumi.
Saturnalia, n. Saturnalia, -ium, n.
satyr, n. satyrvs.
- sauce, 11. jus, juris, n., embamma, -acts, n.
(Pliu.), condimentum. — •'• • •
saucepan, n. vat ad condimenta paranda
accommodatum.
saucer, n. patella; see Plate.
saucy, adj. petulans, insolens, protervus, pro-
cax, immodestus. Adv.- petulanler, insolenter,
proterve, jrrocaciUr, immodeste. sauciness, n.
impudcutia, ns inipudeus, insolentia, p rote r vitas,
procacitas.
saunter, v.intr. ambulare, morari; to —
about, vagari; see Loiter.
sausage, n. tomaculum (Juv.), farcimen,
hillae.
savage, adj. ferus, agrestis, iiulomitus, effera-
tus (— wild), incultus, vastus (= waste), ferox, im-
'uianis, saevus, trux, atrox (= cruel), incultus fe-
rusque. Adv. ferociter, immaniter, saeve, alrociter.
savageness, n. feritas, ferocitas, immanitas,
saevitia^ atrocitas.
save, I. v.tr. 1, = to preserve, (con)servare ;
2,= to deliver, liberare, vindicare alqm ab alqd re ;
see Free ; 3, to — money, compendium (opp. dis-
peadium) facere ; to — time, sequi compendium
temporis ; to — health, parcere valetudini ; to —
labour, laborem diminuere ; God — you, sidve,
ave, solvere te jubeo (at meeting), salve et vale
(at parting); — d or laid by, repositus, seposi-
tus. II. prep, and eonj. see Except, saving,
adj. jxtrc?(S, frugi (indecl.). savings, n. quod
alqs parsimonid collegit, p'ecidium (— the — of
a slave ; what a father gives to sons and
daughters), savings-bank, n. by mensa
publica apud qiai.ni alqs pecuniam collocat.
savingness, n. parsimonia (= sparingness),
fntgalitas. saviour, n. (conservator, liberator;
of Christ, Salvator (Eccl.).
savour, I. n. sapor (= taste), odor (= smell);
an ill — , foetor ; to be in ill — , male audiri ;
to Vie in good — , bene audiri. II. v.tr. sapcre
(= to have a taste), alqd rcdolere (= to smell of).
savoury, adj. suavis.
saw, n. = saying, dictum, verbum, vox, sen-
tentia, proverbium.
saw, I. n. serra ; a tooth of a — , dens serrae.
II. v.tr. serra (dis)secare. III. v.intr. terrain
ducire. sawdust, n. scob(i)s. sawed, adj.
serratus. sawing, n. serratura.
say, v.tr. diccre, (e)loqui, (e)narrare, pro-
fiteri, fari, praedicare, asseverare ; to — that not,
negare ; I — yes, aio, affirmo ; I — no, nego ; to
— nut a word, tacere ; they, people — , (Mount,
tradunt, ferunt (with accus.' and intin.), or did-
tur, traditur, fertur (with nomin. and infln.); I
will not — , ne dicam ; — I, inquam (so inquit,
ait, — s he); as they, people — , ut stent, ut
dicitur. saying, n. dictio(= act of — , and in
Quint., the thing said), verbum, proverbium,
lenteutia, dictum, quod aiunt, illud.
scab, n. scabies, scabby, adj. scabiosus.
scabbard, n. vagina.
scaffold, n. machina, catasta (= a place
where slaves were exposed for sale); to come
to the — . mi mortem, duci ; see Execution.
Scald, I. v.tr. aqua ferventi perfundcre (=to
burn). II. ii. use verb.
scale, I. n. 1, of a fish, squama; 2, of a
balance, lanx ; pair of — s, libra, tridina. II.
v.tr. to — a Ash, desquumare. Ill, v.iutr. = to
weigh, t pendere. scaly, adj. squamosus.
scale, I, n. 1, = gradation, gradus, -us; on
the — of, (ad) instar alcjs rei ; on a larger,
smaller — , major, minor, with noun ; 2, In music,
diagramma, -dtis, n. II. v.tr. (positis scalis)
a(d)scendere, scalas 'moenibus applicare or cid-
movire ; see Ci.i.mu. scaling-ladder, n,
scalac. ■■ ■
scallop, I. n. pecten. II. v.tr. see Scoop.
scalp, I. n. cutis capitis, II. v.tr. cutem
capiti dctrahire.
scalpel, n. scalpellum.
scamp, n. see Knave, scamper, v.intr.
see Hurry.
scan, v.tr. 1, inspicere, (per)scrutari, con-.
templari ; see Examine ; 2, in prosody, pedibus'
versu'm mctiri (Gram.), scansion, n. use verb.
scandal, n. 1, see Discrace ; 2, see
Slander, scandalize, v.tr. see Shock, IIor-
rify. scandalous, adj. mali or jxssimi exem-
pli, probrosus, lurpU ; see Disgraceful.
scant, scanty, adj. anguslus, artus (— nar-
row), cxigtius, jiarvus; see Small. Adv. an*
gustc, arte, cxigue. scantiness, n. angvstiae,
exiguitas.
scar, n. cicatrix.
scarce, adj. rarus, singularis. Adv. fix,
aegre. scarcity, n. raritus, res ram, jxiucitas,
inopia, penuria, difiicultas (e.g. = — of mouey,
difiicultas numinaria) ; — of provisions, caritas
(= dearth) rei frumentariae (so vini, yiummorwn).
scare, v.tr. terrere ; see Terrify, scare-
crow, n. pei haps formido.
scarf, n. fascia, mitella.
scarlet, I. adj. coccineus (Plin.). II. n.
coccum. soarlet-fever, n. feoris (= fever).
scathe, v.tr. = to harm, laedere, nocere, damno
esse alci, detrimentum afferre ; of words, mordere,
pungere; a scathing remark, verba qwisi aculei,
verba aadeata. scatheless, adj. sine damno,
salvus, incolumis.
scatter, I. v.tr. 1, = to throw about, spar-
gere, severe (= to sow, of seeds) ; 2, = to drive
away, dispcrgere, dis(j)icere, dissiparc, dispellere,
discutiirc, fundire (of an army). II. v.intr. dis-
Bipari, dilabi, diffugere.
scavenger, n. qui vicos urbis purgare solet.
scene, n. scaena (properly = the stage ; henoe
in scaenam prodire, in scaen/i esse, scaenam te-
iiire = to be master or chief of the stage) ; the
place before the — , proscaenium ; belonging to
— s, scaenicus (used with artifices, adores, poetae):
= place of action, locus ubi alqd agitur ; fig. res,
spectacnlum, rerum status, -iis ; to be behind the
— s, (dqii Ignitus novisse or exploration liabTre.
scenery, n. 1, of a theatre, apparatus, -us,
ad scaenam pcrtinens ; 2, = prospect, locus (or
pi. loca).
scent, I. n. 1, = sense of smell, odoratus, -us,
or by nasus (nose) ; of dogs, narinm tagaatvt ;
keen-scented, sagax ; 2, = an odour, odor,
nidor; to get — of, alqd (e.g. niimmiuu otfacere):
to put on the wrong — , alqm in crrorem indu-
cers; 3, =a perfume, essence, ungventum. II.
v.tr. = 1, to rind by — , alqm or alqd odormi (of
dogs, etc.), olfacire; see Smell ; 2. = to perfume,
odoribns perfundere. scent-bottle, n. arada
(= box for scents); see Bottle, scented, adj.
odoratus.
sceptical, adj., sceptic, n. qui se de omni-
bus rebus dubitare diat. scepticism, n. dubi-
tatio de omnibus rebus.
see
856
SOU
sceptre, n. sceptrum ; to wield the — , reg-
jiare ; see Reicn.
schedule, n. libellus ; see List.
Scheme, I. n. consilium, ratio ; to form B
— , rationem inire ; see Plan. II. v.intr. see
above anil Plan.
schism, n. schisma, -dtis, n. (Eecl.). schis-
matic, n. * schismaticus.
school, I. n. 1, schola, hulus lit(t)erarum,
ludus discendi ; to go to — to anyone, in alcjs
scholar/lire, alcjs scholam fregutntare ; 2, Bg.
that is a — of patience, in Me re tentatur
patientia nostra; philosophy, the — of life,
philosophia dux vitae, et officiorum magistra; a
— of wisdom, sapientiae ojlicina ; 3, = body
of disciples, schola, sccta ; = teaching, dis-
ciplina. II. v.tr. docere ; see Teach, Train.
school-fellow, n. condiscipulus. school-
master, n. magister. school-mistress, n.
magistra. scholar, n. discipulus, alumnus,
auditor (= a listener), tiro (= a beginner) ; my
— , alumnus disciplinae meae ; alqm magistrum.
habere, alqm audire. scholarly, adj. eruditus.
scholarship, n. 1, = learning, lit(t)erae, doc-
trinu, eruditio; 2, = prize, praemium.
science, n. scientia, notitia, cognitio (=
knowledge), ars, doclrina, disciplina (= system
of knowledge); the — of music, grammar, etc.,
musica, grammatical, -orum. scientific, adj.
quod in artibus versatur; — principles, urtisprae-
cepta; = learned or taught, doctrind eruditus.
Adv. erudite, or by some special noun (e.g. to
treat music — , e musicorum rationibus dis-
serire),
scimitar, n. oelnuces, ensis ffakatus ; sec
Sabre.
scintillation, n. scintilla (= spark), scin-
tillate, V.intr, scintillate (e.g. scintillant oculi).
sciolist, ii. snniiloctus (e.g. apud doctos et
semidoctos ipse percwrro, Cic).
scion, ii. 1, of plants, surculus ; 2, fig. pro-
gi n ies.
scissors, n. forfices (—shears, barber's — ,
Mart.), forficulae (= small shears or — , Plin.).
scoff, I. n. ludibrium ; see Mock. II. v.tr.
to — at anyone or anything, alqm or alqd in ludi-
brium verierc, Indibrio habere ; to be — ed at,
alci ludtbrio esse ; see Mock, scoffer, n. irri-
sor ; see Mocker, scoffing, U. hidijicalio,
cacillatio ; see Mockery.
scold, I. v.tr. jurgare cum alga, objurgate,
inerepare alqm. II. n. objurgator ; of a woman,
jvrgiis addicta. Scolding, n. objurgatio, con-
vicium.
scoop, I. n. see Ladle. II. v.tr. (ex)ca-
varc.
scope, n. 1, = the purpose or drift, provo-
Mum, consilium ; 2, = room or space, fpatium ;
3, = liberty, copia, potestas.
SCOrch, I. v.tr. amhnrere, adnrere, torrere,
tOTTtfitc&re, II. v.intr. tnrrcri. aresrrre. (e.g. her-
hie. arescunt et. interflcluntur, Cic). scorched,
adj. torridus. scorching, adj. torridus; *pe
Hot.
score, I. n. 1, = account, ratio, nnmen; on
the — of friendship, amicitiae nomine ; to pay a
— , pecuniam solvere; to quit — s, j>ar pari re-
ferre ; 2, in music, cantilena cum musicis nntis
annexis ; 3, in number, vlginti, Il.v.tr.notare,
siginne. (= to mark); see also Reckon; = to
underscore, lineas sub rerbis ducere.
scorn, I. n. contemptus, -us, contemplio, fas-
tidium. II, v.tr. contemnirc, fastidire, spernere,
aspernari. scomer, n. contemptor, animus
contemptor. scornful, adj. fixstidiosus; see.
also Proud, Insolent. Adv. fostidiose.
scorpion, n. scorpio, scorpius.
scot, n. 1, in reckoning, symbola (ante and
post class.); 2, in law, — and lot, vectigal ; —
lYee, immunis, inultus.
scoundrel, n. hmna nefarius, iieipmm ; see
Rascal.
scour, v.tr. (ile)tergere, tergere (or tergere),
(ex)purgare (= to cleanse); to — the land, per-
vagari, percurrere, (de)vastare (in wai).
scourge, I. n. = whip, flagrum, flagelliim,
Vara, -orum ; = plague, pest is (lit. and lig.) ;
see Plague. II, v.tr. rirgis or rerberibus
caedere, verberare. scourging, n. by verb.
SCOUt, n. explorator, speculator.
SCOWl, I. v.intr. frontem contrahere, corru-
gare. II. n. frons, -ntis, f. , asperior, vultus, -its,
t torvus, truculentus,
scraggy, adj. strigosus ; see Thin.
scramble, v.tr. = for anything, alqd certa-
tim arripere ; to — up, manibus 2*?dibusque
a(d)scenderc.
scrap, n. frustum, fragment um; the — s,
frusta, rel(l)iquiae (of food, cibi).
scrape, I. n. angustiae, di.fficultas ; to be in
a — , in angustiis esse. II. v.tr. radere ; to —
off, abradire, defringire ; to — together, conger-
ere. scraper, n. ilesh — , strigil or strigilis.
scratch, v.tr. scabere, scaljiere, fricare, ra-
dere; to — out, delcre,
scrawl, I. n. litter ae male factae. II. v.tr.
= to scribble, lit(t)eris malefactis scribere.
scream, I. n. clamor, vociferatio, ulvlatus,
-iis ; of an infant, vagitus, -iis. II. v.intr.
clamare, clarnitare, vociferari, ululare, vagire
(of children).
screech, v.intr. ululare; — owl,i(/«/n (scil.
avis), screeching, n. ululutus, -iis.
screen, I. n. iimbraculum (= a shady place ; a
parasol), praesidium{=a protection). II. v.tr.
defendere (= to ward off, e.g. defendere ardores
solis, Cic.) ; see Protect.
screw, I. n. cochlea (for drawing water) ;
clavus (= nail). II. v.tr. clavis adigere alqd.
scribe, n. scriba, m. , librarivs.
scrip, n. see Purse, Wallet.
scripture, n. (scuicto) scriptvra (Eccl.),
libri divini, lit't)erae. scriptural, adj. ad
normam librorum divinorum, libris sacris con-
veniens.
scrivener, n. scriba, in. ; see Xotarv.
scrofula, n. struma, scrofulous, adj.
slrumosus (Col.).
scroll, n. rolumen.
scrub, v.tr. (de)fricare, {de)tergvre, tergere
(tergere).
scruple, I. n. 1, as a weight, tempuhtm ;
2, = hesitation' or difficulty, dubitati'o, haesita-
Ho, ennctatio, religio, scrvimlus. II. v.intr. ani-
inn haerere, haesitare, suspenso esse animo : to —
to, dubitare with intin. ; not to — , von dubiUtre
quin ; see Hesitate; in stricter sense religione
acmetu teneri, religione district urn esse, alqd reli-
gion* habere ; he — s to, religio ei obstat ne.
scrupulous, adj. religiosvs, sol(l)ieitus, an-
xius, accuratus, diligena. Adv. religiose, anxie,
accurate, diligenter, or sometimes by super], (e.g.
— clean, mvndissimui).
scrutiny, n. scrutatio. scrutineer, n.
scrutator. scrutinize, v.tr. scrutari; see
Examine.
scud, v.intr. see Hasten.
8CU
857
sed
scuffle, n. rixa.
scull, I. n. (of the head) calvuria (Plin.) ;
s=an nar, reunite, palma. II. v.intr. remigare.
sculler, n. remex.
scullery, n. culina (= kitchen), scullion,
n. puer culiuarius.
sculpture, I. n. 1, ars fingendi (as a
science), scalptura, sculptura (for distinction
see Smith's "Diet. Antiq.," art. Scalptura); 2,=
work carved, ojms, -eris, n., signum, marnior.
II, ir.tr. = to work in statuary, scalpere, scul-
pere. sculptor, n. sculptor, statuarum artij'cx.
scum, n. 1, spuma ( = foam ; so of silver,
Plin.), scoria (Plin., = — of metals) ; 2, fig. /act,
seutinu (reipublicae, etc.).
scurf, n. furfur, furfures (Plin.), porrigo.
scurfy, adj. porriginosus (Plin.).
scurrilous, adj. contumeliosus, probrosus,
scurrilis. Adv. contumeliose, scurriliter (Plin.).
scurrility, n. contumelia (or in pi.), scurrlli-
fas (Quint.).
scurvy, I. n. by ulcus, -eris, n. II. adj.
humilis, ignobilis, obscurus, infimus.
scutcheon, n. insigne (or in pL).
scuttle, n. area, cista (= box).
scuttle, v.tr. and intr. navem perforare.
scythe, n. falx.
sea, I. n. mare (in gen.), oceanus, pelagus, -i,
n., pontus, t aequor ; the high — , altum (= the
"deep''); the open — , solum; the Mediterra-
nean — , Mare Magnum, * Mare Mediterranean ;
the Black — , Pontus (Euxinus) ; the Adriatic
— , Adriaticum ; the Red — , Sinus Arabicus ;
the Dead — , Lacus Asphaltites ; lying on or near
the — , maritimus ; beyond the — , trans mar inns;
an arm of the — , aesluarium ; — breeze, afflatus,
•us, maritimus (Plin.) ; — calf, phoca; — coast,
ora(maritima); —- -faring, maritimus ; — fight,
pugna navalis ; — girt, circumfiuus ; — green,
t thalassinus, thalassicus (Plaut.) ; — gull,
* larus (Linn.); — man, 'uauta ; — manship, ars
navigandi; — sand, arena (nmritima) ; — sick-
ness, nausea; — water, aqua marina (Plin.);
weed, alga. II. adj. viarinus, maritimus,
(maritu-).
seal, I. n. signum. II. v.tr. (con)signare,
obsignare alqd; — ing-wax, cera.
seal, n. (an animal) phoca.
seam, n. sutura. seamstress, n. quae
uai viclum quaeritat.
sear, I. adj. aridus (=dry), serus (= late).
II. v.tr. arefacere (ante and post class., = to
dry), (ad)urcre (= to burn).
search, I. n. indagatio, investigate, inqui-
silio, exploratio, inspectio. II. v.tr. investigare,
inquirere, explorare, indagare, scruturi, quaerere,
(ex)j>etere, sequi, persequi, sectari, capture, aucu-
pari, studire rei; see Seek.
season, I. n. (e.g. ainii, of the year) tempus,
tempestas (= time), occasio, oppm'tunitas, locus
(= occasion). II. v.tr. conclire. seasonable,
adj. tempestivus, opportunus, ad tempus. Adv.
tempestive, opportune; not — , non opportune,
ulieiw tempore, seasoning, n. condimentum
(,— the material employed), conditio (— the
act).
seat, I. n. sella, sedile, cathedra ( = chair) ;
— at the theatre, etc., subsellia ; — dwelling,
domicilium, sedes, -is; to have a — in the royal
council, omnibus consiliis principis intcresse ; to
put a — for anyone, scllam alci apjionere. II.
(or set), v.tr. pnnere, statucre, collocare, consti-
tute ; to — yourself, considcre, assidire, sub-
sidere; to — yourself on, assidire in re; to
^- yonrself on horseback, conscendjirc equina;
see Set. III. (to be seated or to sit),
v.intr. sedere; to be — on anything, sedere in
re ; to be — on the soil, humo sedere ; to he —
in school, (» schold sedere. seated, adj. =
rested, penitus dejixus, inveterutus.
Secede, v.intr. abire, decedere, secede re (e.g.
secedant improbi, Cic. ; tecedere in sacrum montem,
Liv.); so as to take up another opinion, sect-
dere et alia parte considers (Sen.), or by senten-
Nam miliars, seceder, u. transfuga, in. se-
cession, n. secessio.
seclude, v.tr. sccludere, segregare, removire,
exdudcre, cximere, cic.ipcre. secluded, adj.
see Lonely, seclusion, n. soliludo; a life of
— , into umbratilis.
second, I. adj. sccundus, alter (e.g. — father,
oiler parens); in the first place, in the — , jn-im-
■ um, deinde. Adv. sccunae, delude. II. n. 1,
in a tight, qui alci adest; 2, of time, momentum
(lemporis). III. v.tr. 1, = to support, alci
adesse, axixilio esse, subvenire; 2, = to help,
adjuvare ; see Help; 3, to — a motion, in
akjs sentetitiam dicere ; alci adesse. second-
ary, adj- seeu ndarius (in rank or position), in-
ferior, minoris momenti. seconder, n. snosor
(e.g. legis). second-hand, adj. usu inferior
factus. second-rate, adj. inferior, second-
sight, n. praesagitio.
secrecy, u. perhaps taciturnitas (= strict
silence), or solitudo(= solitude); to keep any-
thing in — , rem occultam or abditam or secretam,
luibere.
secret, I. adj. 1, = hidden, arcanvs (of
plans, etc.), secretus, abditus, teclvs, occultus,
absconditus, latens (all of places, etc.) ; 2, =
furtive, clandestinus, furtivus. Adv. clam,furlim,
secreto, in occulto, occulte. II. n. res occulta or
arcana, in pi. arcaha, -orum ; mysterium (e.g.
epistulae nostrac tantum habent viysteriorum,
Cic). secrete, v.tr. see Hide, secretion,
n. excrementum (Plin.).
secretary, n. scriba, m. secretaryship,
n. scribae munus, -eris.
sect, n. secta, schola, disciplina. sectary,
sectarian, n. homo sectae studiosvs.
section, n. ims, portio.
secular, adj. saecularis (= occurring every
age, alsoEccl. = temporal, for which in gen. use
civilii). secularize, v.tr. profanum facers,
or «d profanum usum redigcre, exaugumre (of a
temple, or anything consecrated).
secure, I. adj. 1, = careless, securus (i.e.
suit; curd), incautus; to be — or free from care
about anything, alqd non timire ; 2, = safe,
tutus; see Sake. Adv. secure, incaute, tuto.
II. v.tr. 1, = to make safe, tutum reddcre ; see
Preserve; 2, = to strengthen, conjirnuire ; 3,
— to tie up, etc., see Fasten ; 4, = to arrest;
see Seize, security, n. 1. = safety, salus,
■■utis, f., incolumitas; see Safety ; 2, = pledge,
pignits, -eris, n.. caulw, satisdatio, i\ulimonium
(= bail) ; to gi\ e — , satis dare, caiere.
sedan, n. lectlca.
sedate, adj. sedatus, placidus, gravis; to be
— , ijuictuin esse, aninw esse trampiillo. Adv.
sedate, placide, graviter. sodateness, n.
gravitas. sedative, n. tedatio (e.g. am'mi), of
a medicine, medicina quae dolorem com;* l
sedentary, adj. sedentarius; see Seat,
Sit.
sedge, n. ulva. sedgy, adj. ulvis ohluctus.
sediment, n. facx, scdimentum (Plin.).
sedition, n. seditio; to raise—, seditionem
coneitare, concire or conflare ; tu put down — ,
seditionem sedare or com}K)}iire, seditious,
adj, scditiosus; sge RfiHRI.WOUs, Adv. stditiose.
sed.
S5S.
sen
Seduce, v.tr. 1, = to lead astray, a recta vid
fibducere, corrumpcre, sol(l)icitare (=to tamper
with), in errorem induccre ; see Pervert ; 2, to
— a woman, stuprum cum alqd, or alci facer e. se-
ducer, n. corruptor, or by verb, seduction,
ii. stuprum, corruptcla (of women, etc) ; =
charm, illectbrae, lepos. seductive, adj. =
pleasant, nmocmis, qui (quae, quod) ttlqm corrum-
2'it, etc.
sedulous, adj. sedulus, assiduus, industrius,
acer, diligens, accuratus. Adv. sedulo, assidue,
industrie,acritcr (= eagerly); diligentcr, accurate.
sedulity, n. sedulitas, assiduitas, industria,
diligentia.
see, ii. bishop's — , * diocesis.
see, I. v.tr. videre, cerneri, a(d)spicere, con-
spicere, spectare, intellegere (= to understand);
to — anything from, cognoscere or intellegere alqd
ex re ; to let a person — , ostendcre alqd, se osten-
dere, conspici ; not to let oneself be — n in pub-
lic, in publicum, non prodire ; = to understand,
perspicere, 'intellegere. II. v.intr. = to have
the faculty of sight, videre, cernere; to —
further (in mind), plus videre ; to — to, alci rei
prospicere, consulere (or ut, ne). seeing that,
conj. see Since, seer, n. votes, -is.
seed, n. semen ; to run to — , in semen exire
(Plin.) ; lig. semen, stirps. seed- plot, n.
seminarium, lit. and fig. seed-time, n. sc-
menlis. seedling, n. arbor novella.
seek, v.tr. quaerere, petere, (investigate, in-
dagare ; to — to do, studere, cupere, operam
dare ut, etc. ; to — out, exquirere ; = to en-
deavour, conari ; to — a person's ruin, alci
insidias struere or parare. seeker, n. indaga-
tor, investigator, seeking, n. indagatio, in-
vest igatio.
seem, v.intr. vide,ri, used personally, e.g.
it — s that yon are good, videris bonus; to —
good, fit, videri (e.g. earn quoque, si videtur, cor-
rcctionem explicabo). seeming, I. n. species.
II. adj. fictus, speciosus, falsus. Adv. in speciem,
specie, ut videtur. seemly, adj. deceits, dceorus,
honestus; not — , indecens, indecorus ; it is — ,
decet; it is not — , dedecet, non decet, indecorum
est.
seethe, v.tr. coqucre ; sec Boic.
segment, u. tegmentum (Plin.).
segregate, v.tr. segregare, scponere, se-
inocere, removire, sejungere. segregation, n.
segregatio, sejunctio.
seignior, n. dominus ; see Lord.
seize, v.tr. (ap)prehendfre, comprehendere (=
to arrest), rapere, arripcre, corripere; = to fall
on and take, occupare, Invadere ; to be — d by ill-
ness, morbo affici ; to be — d with fear, timore
percelli : to be — d with anger, ira incendi. sei-
zure, n. comprehensio ; of illness, tentotio.
seldom, adv. raro. ■ ■
select, I. v.tr. legere, eligcre, dcligire; see
Choose. II. adj. delectus. selection, n.
electio, delectus, -Us, optio (= choice) ; =a number
chosen, res selectae ; — of passages, celoga.
self, pron. se, ipse, ipse se ; I my — , egomet (so
{life, ipsemet) ; of him — , sudmet sponte ; we our-
selves, nns ipsi, nosmet, nosmct ipsi; by one— ,
solus; he is beside him — , menle est rapt us ; —
command, imperium sui, moderotio, contincntia ;
to possess — command, in se ipsum habere potrs.
tatem ; — -deceit, error; — denial, animi mode-
ratio, temper antia ; — destruction, mors volun-
taria : to be guilty of — destruction, manus sibi
inferre; — evident, (quasi) ante octdos positus ; by
— exertion, sud ipsius manu ; — love, amor sui ;
to have — love, se ipsum amare ; — preservation,
tuitio sin', corporis nostri tvHa ; — .seeking, ne
piditas. selfish, adj. and adv. suarum rerum
cupidus. selfishness, n. cupiditus mca (tua,
etc.), privatae utilitatisshidium, avaritia. self-
Willed, adj. suae opinioni addictus, pertinax;
see Obstinate.
sell, v.tr. vendere, direndere (by retail), ven-
ditors (=: to live by selling), venundare (venum
dare); to be sold, vendi, venire, rcnvm ire ; to
— yourself, se vendita.re, se vendere alci (= to
take a bribe), pecuniam accipere db ah/a; to —
at a dear rate, vendere alqd alci grandi prelio ;•
he — s cheaper than others, vendit minoris quam
alii ; how much do you — that for 1 hoc quanti
vendis ? seller, n. venditor, institor, negotiator,
vundinator, mercalor, propola. selling, n.
venditio ; see Sale, Auction.
semblance, n. species, imago ; see Appear-
ance.
semicircle, n. hemicyclium. semicir-
cular, adj. by noun.
seminary, n. schola (— school), seminarium
(— seed-plot, fig.).
senate, n. senatus, -iis. senate-house,
n. curia, senator, n. senator, senatorial,
adj. sciiatorins.
send, v.tr. mittere, legare, ablegare, amandare ;
to — across, transmittere ; to — away, ablegare,
amandare, rclegare, dimittere ; to — back to, ? - e-
mittcre ; to — for, arcessere, (ac)cire ; to — out,
edere, emittere; to — for soldiers from their
winter quarters, milites ex liibernis evocare; to —
forward, praemitlere; I have nobody to — , ne-
wiiicTii Iw.beo quern miltam ; to — us word with
all speed, fac nos quam diligentissime cerliores
(Com.) ; God — him health, salvos Deum (piaeso
ut sit (Com.).
senior, adj. prior, superior, grandior (nalu,
= older), major (natu) ; to be a person's — , alci
aetatc anteirc, antecedire. seniority, n. by adj.
sensation, n. 1, = a feeling, sensus, -iis, or
by some special noun (e.g. — of pain, dolor ; —
of joy, gaudium) ; to have no — , ohdi! sensu
carcre, nihil sentire ; 2, = an excitement, per-
haps (animi) commotio ; to make a — , edei ad-,
mirationem movere. sensational, adj. miri-
Jicus, mints, admirabilis. Adv. mire, mirifice,
admirabiliter. sense, n. 1, sensus, -iis (=
the faculty, properly of feeling, that is fa-
cultas or vis sentiendi); — of sight, sensus
videndi or visits; the — s, sensus; — of
taste, gustatus, -us; — of hearing, ctuditus,
■ iis; — of smell, odoratus, -us; 2, = mental or
moral feeling, judicium, conseientia, prudentia,
sapientia; 3, = faculty of will, mens, voluntas;
4, = meaning (of a word), vis, significatio, sen-
tentia ; to ascribe a — to a word, verbo notionem
sul>(S)kere. senseless, adj. 1, lit. (omni)
sensu cairns; 2, rationis expers; see Foolish,
Mad. sensible or sensuous, adj. 1, quod
sensibus percipi potest, sub sensus cadens, per-
spicuus, evidens; 2, = having sound or gi od
sense, e.g. a — man, animus or homo sapiens,
prudens; Adv. ita ut sentiri possit, sapienter,
prudenter. sensitive, adj. 1, = Sensible, I. ;
2, fig. of quick feeling, perhaps acer (= eager),
anxius, sol(l)idtus (= anxious), accuratus, dili-
gens (= scrupulous, i.e. in discharge of duty),
truer (= delicate), sensitiveness or sen-
sibility, n. 1, physical, qui alqd facile sen-
tit ; 2, moral, anxietas, sol(l)icitndo, diligen-
tia, or by adj. sensitive-plant, n. aeschy-
nomene (Plin.). sensual, adj. cupiditatibus
serniens, libidinosus. Adv. libidinose, sensu-
ality, n. libido; see Lust, sentient, adj.
see Sensible, 1.
sentence, I. n. 1, = logical statement, sen-
tentia, (lit. — opinion ; then also the words in
sen
859
sex
Which it is expressed) ; 2, = a judicial decision,
judicium, decretum, sententia ; to pronounce — ,
sententiam fcrre de alqo, sententiam pronuntiare,
alqm damtiare, rondemnare, judicium facere de
re, de aim. II. v.tr. see above, senten-
tious, adj. vcrbosus (= prolix), scntuitiosus {—
pithy), opinionibus injlaius (= conceited). Adv.
verbose, scntentiose.
sentiment, n. 1,= opinion, sententia, opinio,
judicium ; see Thought ; 2, = feeling, sensus, -iis,
animus; a pleasurable — , voluptas; au unplea-
sant — , dolor ; to have a — , sentire alqd ; with-
out — , senxu carens. sentimental, adj. mol-
lis, effeminatus, comb, mollis ac effeminatus.
sentinel or sentry, n. excubitor, vigil,
statio, miles slationarius ; to stand — , excubias
or vigilias agere, in statione esse; to place—,
statio7ies disponere ; to relieve — , in stationem
tsuccedere; see Guard.
separable, adj. separabilis, dividuus, qui
{quae, quod) separari potest, separate, I. v.tr.
separare, scjungcre, disjungcre, seccrnerc, dixoer-
■nere, dividere; we are — d by a great distance,
inagno locorum iiitervallo disjnncti sumus. II.
adj. and adv. separatus, etc., or by proprius,
suits, viritim, separatim (e.g. each had Ids —
place, stationem propriam or suam habuit; sta-
tiones viritim datae sunt), separation, n.
sejxtratio, disjuuetio. separatist, n. gut a
jniblicis eccle&iae ritibus secedit.
September, n. (mensis) September.
septennial, adj. qui {quae, quod) septimo
quoque anno fit.
sepulchre, n. scpulcQi)rw,n. sepulchral,
adj. scpulc{h)ralis. sepulture, n. sepvltura,
f units, ex{s)equiae (= rites of burial).
sequel, n. quod scquitur, eventus, -us, exitus,
•its. sequence, n. ordo, series.
seraph, n. semphus (Eccl.).
serenade, I. v.tr. alqm concentu honorare.
II. n. concent us, -us {node /actus).
serene, adj. 1, see Clear ; 2, see Tranquil.
serf, n. servus. serfdom, n. servitus,
•iitis, f.
serge, n. pannus.
serious, adj. 1, = grave, serins (of tilings),
gravis, severws, austerus, tristis (= sad); 2,=
important, magni or maximi momenti. Adv.
graviler, severe, triste. seriousness, n. 1,
gravitas (= moral weight), severitas, trislitia
{= sadness) ; 2, see Importance.
sermon, n. * contio, or oratio de rebus divi-
nis facta.
serpent, n. serpens; see Snake.
serried, adj. densus, conferlus.
serve, v.tr. 1, = to do or render service to,
servire alci, deservire alci, operam alci navare or
pracstare; 2, = to wait at table, famulari,ancil-
lari (ante and post class.), ministrare ; to —
meat, inferre cibos, instrucre mensamcibis ; to —
wine to the company, praebere pocula convivis ;
to — as a soldier, mcreri, slipcndiafaccrc, mililare;
to — under, sub ducemereri; to — God, Deum
colerej = to beuefit, ad alqm or alci conducere,
proficcrc. servant, n. servus, famulus, vcrna{=
slave), ancilla (= a waiting-woman), assecla (con-
temptuous term), minister, mancipium { = bought
slave), pedis{s)cquus (= a footman), servitium (col-
lective term, = slaves), puer. service, n. opera,
servitium, ministcrium, obsequium, officium, 6b-
servantia, cxdtus, -us ; — of God, eultus Da, pittas
erga Dciim; to confer a — or kindness on a
person, in alqm officio, conferre. serviceable,
adj. opport units, vtilis, aptus rci or ad rem, ad
ysiim eomiiaratus, aecommodatvs ; sec Useful
servile, adj. 1, senilis ; 2, flg. see Abject,
Low, Mean, servility, n. adulatio; see also
Meanness, servitude, u. serviludo, servitium,
tervitus, -utis, f. ; to free anyone from — , in libet-
tatem alqm vindicarc, servitute alqm eximire.
session, n. — of Parliament, senatus, -is
(e.g. during a — , cum sciuitus habetur). ses-
sions, n. pi. ciu/i de alqd re quaeritur.
set, I. v.tr. 1, = to place {im)poncre, statuire,
sistire ; 2, = to plant, serere (e.g. arCorcs ; see
Plant) ; to — in order, parare {= to prepare) ; see
Arrange; to — jewels, \auro includere; to —
about, incipere; see Begin ; to— anyone against
'another, inimicitias inter alqos serere ; to — apart,
seponere; to — aside, see Reject ; to — forth, ex-
ponerc {— to expose for sale, etc., and explain) ;
to — on, see Incite ; to — on fire, incendire (lit.
and fig.) ; to — over, alci {rei) praeficere. II.
v.intr. of the sun, etc., oceid«rt; ; to — out, pro-
Jicisci; to — forward, see Promote ; to — off, see
Emuellish ; to be — over, praecsse ; to — up, see
Erect, Appoint. III. adj. status, constitute
(= settled), praescriptus {— prescribed) ; a —
speech, oratio; of — purpose, consulto. IV. n.
see Number, Collection, Company, settee,
n. lectulus. setting, n. ocoasus, -us (e.g. solis).
settle, I. v.tr. 1, = to fix or determine,
statuire, constitucre, definire; 2, = to fix your
abode in, sedem et domicilium collocare alqo loco ;
3, = to put an end to, dirimcre (e.g. jurgium or
iras, a dispute, quarrel; so with controi\rsiom,
pradium, bellvm); to — accounts, rationes con-
Jicire; to — a debt, etc., solvere, expedire; 4, = to
put in order, e.g. to — the State, rcmpublicam
componi-re. II. v.intr. 1, considers, consistere,
sedem habere, se collocare; 2, see Sink; 3, see
Alight, settlement, n. constitute; — of a
daughter, filiac collocatio ; = agreement, pactum,
foedus, -cris, n. ; =ofa colony, coloniae deduc-
tio ; = fixed abode, domicilium, aedes, -ium (of
private persons), colonia{— colony); = of a debt,
use verb, settler, n. advena, m. and f.,colouus.
seven, adj. septem, septeni, -ae, -a(= — cacli/ - ,
of — years, septennis, Sfplem annorum ; — years
old, septem annus nutus; — times, septU{n)s.
seventh, adj. septimus, seventhly, adv.
septimum. seventeen, adj. septemdeeim, de-
cern et septem or decern sejJem or septem et decern,
sqiteni deni ( — each); — times, sej>tie{n)s de-
cic{n)s. seventeenth, adj. septimus decimus.
seventy, adj. septuaginia, scptuugeni {= —
each); — letters, septuagenae lit{t)erae, not sep-
tuaginia (i.e. — alphabetical letters); — times,
septuagie{n)s. seventieth, adj. septuagesimus ;
the — time, septuugesimum.
sever, v.tr. dividere, dirimcre, separare, seccr-
ncre, disjungere.
several, adj. nonnulll, plvres, aliquot. Adv.
by unusquisgue, or by si(n)gilhuim ; — may also
be rendered with the aid of the distributive
numerals (e.g. uxores habent deni duodcnupie
inter se communes, = sets of ten or twelve have
— wives in common), also by quisque (e.g. provi
quisque monitione indigcrent, as they — required
admonition), and lastly by singuli (e.g. duodena
describit in singulos homines jugera, he allotted
to the men — twelve acres), so too viritim.
severe, adj. sevcrus, austerus, durus, accrbus
(the two last of winter, also in gen.), gravis.
Adv. severe, rigide, austere, dure, duritcr, acerbe,
graviler, severity, n. severitas, gravitas (of
climate and in gen.), duritia.
sew, v.tr. suere. sewing, n. suendi ars.
sewer, n. cloaca.
sex, n. sexus, -iis; male — , virilis sexvs ;
female — , muliebris sexus. sexual, adj. quod
ad strum pertinrt ; — intercourse, coitus, -iis.
sex
860
she
sexagenarian, adj. sexagenarius ; see
Sixty.
sfxton, n. aedituus.
Shabby, adj. 1, obsoletus, sordidus (e.g. amic-
tus, homo); 2, Hg. see Mean, shabbiness, n.
1, use adj.; 2, sordes, -ium (of conduct).
shackles, n. vinculo, catenae, compedcs, -inn,;
— for the feet, pedicae ; for the liands, manicae.
shackle, v.tr. vinculiscolligere, catenisvincire;
llg. impedire, impcdimento esse.
shade, I. n, umbra; in the — , in umbrd;
under the — , sub umbrd ; to be afraid of — s,
umbras timer e; fig. "shadow," = a mere ap-
pearance or pretext, umbra (e.g. glnriae, liber-
talis, honoris; sub umbrd foederis aequi serritu-
tem pati); umbra also = — ill painting (opp.
lumen); farther, a person's shadow or companion
is in Latin umbra, " shade," = ghosts, +«m-
brae; in pi., manes. II. v.tr. \umbrare; see
Darken, shady, adj. vmbrosus, opacus (—
dark) Shadow, I. n. umbra. II. v.tr. see
Shade, II. shadowy, adj. 1, = Shady ; 2,
see Vain, Unreal.
shaft, n. 1, = arrow, sagitta ; 2, = handle,
hostile; 3, in architecture, trunevs ; 4, of a
carriage, temo ( = pole), or by lora (= reins) ; of a
mine, etc., puteus (Plin.).
shake, I. v.tr. quatcre, tremefacere, labtfac-
tare, quassare (= to — often) ; to — hands, jun-
gere dextras; they — the foundations, hibefactant
fundamenta reipublicae ; to — off, excutere. II.
v.intr. qnassari, agitari, tremere. shaking, n.
quassatio (in act. sense), tremor (in pass, sense).
shallow, I. adj. tenuis; — s or shoals, vada<
•orum, pi. J full of — s, vadosus ; llg. 2«nnii sub'
tilis, II. n. vadutn.
sham, I. ii. fallacia, dolus ; without — , sine
fuco ac fallaciis. II. v.intr. simulare (to pre-
tend) ; see Feion, Pretend, sham-fight, n.
simulacrum pug nae ; see Review.
shambles, n. laniena.
shame, I. n. 1, = modesty, pudor, verecv-n-
dia, comb, pudor et verecundia ; pudieitia, comb.
pudor et pudieitia; to have lost the sense of — ,
pudorem posuisse ; he who has lost bis sense of
— , pudoris oblitus; 2, = moral turpitude, twr-
pitvdo (baseness), ignominia, comb, ignominia
et lurpitudo; infamia, comb, turpitudo et in-
famia ; dedecus, -oris, n., comb, ignominia et
dedeens, dedecus et infamia, macula (= a spot or
brand) et dedecus; probrum, comb, probrum et
dedecus ; flagitium(=za crime), comb, flagitium ct
dedecus; to our — , cum, nostro dedecore ; — 1
proh pudor! o indignum facinns ! it is a — to
say that, hoc est turpe dictu. II. v.tr. pudore,
etc., alqm afficere. shamefaced, adj. see
Modest, shameful, adj. turpis, foedus (in
gen.), obscenus (= obscene), ignominiosus, pro-
orosus, inhonestus (= dishonourable), flayiliosus,
nefarius (= criminal). Adv. turpiter, fuede, obs-
cene, ignominiose, inhoneste, flagitiose, nefarie.
Shamefulness, n. turpitudo, foeditas, obsce-
nitas, ignominia. shameless, adj. impudens,
impudievs (= unchaste), inverecundus ; a — (or
brazen) face, os impvdens (so durum, fcrreum).
Adv. impudenter. shamelessness, n. impu-
dentia, impudicitia.
Shank, n. cms, rruris, n., tibia.
' Shape, I. n. forma, figura, species ; to give
— to, formare, fingere alqd. II. v.tr. (cou)for-
mare, figurare, fingere, alqd in formam rei ntli-
gere ; to — itself differently, mutari. shape-
less, adj. informis, defnrmis. Shapely, adj.
formusus. shapeliness, n. see Beautv.
Shaping, n. (cori)Jormatio.
Share, I, n. 1, pars, portio, sors; g, of a
plough, vomer. II. v.tr. partiri (e.g. partiuntur-
interse; so partiri praedam in socios, bona cum
alqo, curas aim alqo, copias inter sc), sortiri,
dare (e.g. perinde ut cuique data sunt), dividcre
(e.g. dividere equitation in omnes partes), alqd
cum alqo communicare. sharer, n. parilceps,
socius, consors; in a tiling, ulcjs rei.
shark, n. pristis; spelling also p(r)ist(r}is,
p(r)ist(r)ix.
sharp, adj. 1, lit. acutus; — to the taste,
acutus, accr, acerbum; 2, fig. = working strongly
on the feelings, acer, accrbus, severus ; there is
— lighting, acritcr pugnatur ; 3, = penetrating,
acutus, sagax; — eyes, oculi acuti ; — nose,
Basils sagax; 4, of mental faculties, acer, acutus,
subtilis (e.g. ingenium acre); 5, of words, iracun-
dtts, mordax(= biting), severus, gravis ( = severe) ;
— witted, perspicax, sagax. Adv. acute, acriter,
sagaciter, subtiliter (= wisely), iracunde, severe,
graviter(= severely), sharpen, v.tr. (ex)acvere
(lit. and tig.), sharper, n. veterator, fravda-
tor, praestigiator. sharpness, n. 1, of edge,
by adj., acutus; 2, fig. sevcritas ; see Stern-
ness; 3, — of intellect, (ingenii) actus, -us, f.,
acumen, ingenium acutum, perspicacilas, sub-
tilitas.
Shatter, v.tr. 1, frangere, confringar, dif-
fringere, discutere, elidere, quassare ; 2, tig.
frangere, quassare.
shave, v.tr. {ab)radire, barbam alcjs tondere
(=to clip); to get — d, tonderi. shavings,
n. scob(i)s (=sawdust), assulae, scftirf£a«(=chips).
shawl, n. see Mantle.
she, as a personal pronoun, is expressed only
when emphasis requires it (e.g. ilia, ista, haec,
ea); as an adjective, is expressed by the feminine
(e.g. a — friend, arnica; a — wolf, lupa).
sheaf, n. manipulus (= a handful), fiiscis.
shear, v.tr. tondere (e.g. ores), shearer, n.
qui londct. shearing, n. tonsura. shears,
n. forjices (Mart.).
Sheath, n. vagina; to draw a sword from
its — , gladium e vagina educere. sheathe,
v.tr. in. vagiuam recondcre.
shed, n. tugurium, taberna ; as military
term, pluteus, vinea.
shed, v.tr. (dif)fundcre, effundere, profun-
derc; to — tears, lacrimas profundcre, lacrimare;
to — blood, see Kill, sbedding, u. effnsio,
profusio ; — of tears, fletus, -us ; — of blood,
cedes, -is; — of leaves, by decidere.
sheep, ri. oris (5V«). sheep-fold, n. ori7e.
sheepish, adj. insidsus; see Stupid; a —
fellow, ovis (Plaut). sheepishneas, n. insul-
sites, nimia verecundia. shepherd, n. pastor.
sheer, adj. 1, see Steep ; 2, merits; —folly,
mera or maxima stultitia.
sheet, n. 1, ofabed, lodix (= blanket, Juv.);
2, a — of paper, scheda, sc{h)ida, schedula, pin-
guid (Plin.) ; 3, a — of lead, (plumbi) lamina; '
4, of a sail, pes. sheet-anchor, n. ancora.
sheet-lightning, n. fulgur, fulmen.
shelf, n. pluteus (Jnv.), pegma, -atls, n.
Shell, n. testa, concha (of fish), pntamen,
cortex (of fruit, etc.). shell-fish, n. concha,
conchylium.
shelter, I. n. 1, = covering, teg(ipnen; 2,
= protection, per fug ium, asylum, patrocinium,
defensio. II. v.tr. 1, tegere, defetulere ; 2, tnUiri
alqm, defentlire, auctoritate tueri, in simm fidem
et clientclam suseipere, protegere, reception tutum,
pruebere alci ; see Protect.
shelving, adj. declivis ; see Slopino.
Shepherd, n, see under Sheep.
slie
8G1
ahr
sheriff, 11. perhaps by praetor, in medieval
Latin by * vicecomcs or gerae/a.
shew, v.tr. = to bring forward, edcrc, osten-
dere, explicare ; — to prove or explain, demon-
slrurc, dedarare, ostendere, exponere, narrare; to
— mercy, alci miser icordiam impertiri.
shield, I. n. 1, scutum, clipeus, parma, jwltu,
ancile (esp. of the sacred — which fell from
heaven); a — bearer, armiger ; 2, lig. see Pro-
tection. II. v.tr. scuto defendire, clipeo prote-
gere ; to — from danger, a perieulo defcndcrc;
see Protect.
shift, I. n. 1, = refuge or resource, effugium,
ambages, -um,remedium, ratio, consilium, latcbra;
a dishonest —,/raus, doli (pi.), ambages; every-
one made — for himself, sibi qnisque consulebat ;
2, = an nnder-garment, tunica intefiila. II.
v.tr. = to change, (pcr)mutare ; to — one's
clothes, mutare vest em ; to — off, eluderc, evitare,
subterfug'ere ; see Change, shifty, adj. 1, see
Cunning ; 2, see Changeable.
shilling, u. quadraginta octo asses.
shin, ii. tibia, crus, cruris, n.
Shine, v.intr. (col)lncere, splendere, fulgere,
nitcre, micare ( = to glitter) ; to — forth, sincere,
tffulgere ; to — upon, alci affulgere ; it — s with a
borrowed light, luce lucet alieiui.
ship, I. n. navis, navigiwn (used of smaller
vessels), navis longtt or rostrata (= a — of war),
(navis) bireviis( = — having two banks of oars, so
triremis, quadremis, quiuqueremis, having three,
four, five), naois praedatoria or pirutica (== a pi-
rate vessel) ; belonging to a — , navalis, nnuticus ;
shipping, naves, pi. ; — wreck, iiavfrugivm ;
one who has suffered — wreck, iiu u/ragns ; to
suffer —wreck, naufragiwm facere; a — 's
captain", navarchus; a — owner, navieularlus
(who lets out — s) ; — 's crew, remigium classi-
cique militcs ; master of a — , magister. II, v.tr.
in navem (naves) importers.
Shire, n, provincial; agcr, * comitatns.
shirt, ii. snbitcula.
Shiver, I. v.tr. = to break in pieces, fran-
gere, confringcre, diffriugcre, clidere. II. v.intr.
= to tremble, trcmere (with fear), algere(— to be
cold).
shoal, n. 1, vadum, vada, pi. ; see Shallow ;
2, = a large quantity or number, turba, grex,
cater va.
Shock, I. n. 1, in battle, etc., impetus, con-
cursus, cougressus, all -us; to bear the — , sns-
tinere impetum; at the first — , ad primnm
impetum; 2, fig. of the feelings, etc., offensio; sec
Offence; 3, of corn, frumenti manipnlorvm
acervus. II. v.tr. offendcre, commovere ; to be
— ed, commoveri. shocking, adj. ijnod offen-
sioni est, quod offensionemhabel or affert, odiosus;
a — life, vita turpis ; see Disgusting ; to be — ,
qffensioni esse. Adv. = very badly, pessime, or
by superl. (e.g. pessimus = — bad).
Shoe, I. n. ealeeus, calceamentum, soka (=
sandal) ; horse- — , solea ferrea ( — s nailed were
unknown) ; — s that fit, calcel apti ad pedem ; the
• — pinches, calceus urit. II. v.tr. calceare; to
— a horse, affigcre eqiio soleas ferreas. shoe-
black, n. puer qui culceos deterget. Shoe-
maker, n. sutor.
Shoot, I. n. = sprout, t germen, surcuius,
planta, virga, propago(— layer). II. v.intr. 1, to
— out, as ears of corn, spicas, surculos, etc.,
emittere ; 2, of pains, etc., angere (= to torture),
or angi(= to be tortured); of stars, volare. III.
v.tr. = to cast forth, jaculari, mnittlre, jacere ;
to — arrows out of a bow, arcu saggitas(e)mit-
tire; to — at, sagitlis or telis pctcre; see Fire.
shooting-star, n. see Meteor.
shop, I, II. taberua, offieina (=\vork — ); »
bookseller's — , libraria; a barber's — , tabtrm
tonsnris. II. v.intr. to go a-slmppiug, con.'
curse - irrum tabcrnas. or by cmcrc (z=. to buy).
shc^ oper, n. qui alipa res veudit, In pi,
tuberuarii.
Shore, I. n. 1, litns, -oris, n., oni, acta (<i*r>j),
ripa (= the declining bank or margin), arena (=
sand) ; 2, =: support, fulcrum. II. v.tr. fulcirc.
short, adj. Iirevis, concisus (= pruned), an-
gustits (= within a small space), contract ior (=
somewhat drawn in), compressus (= squeezed to-
gether), pauciorlbusverb is crpressu s(of a writing);
— of stature, hnmilis (opp. procerus); a — cut,
compendium, via compendia ria (lit. and fig.);
to be — , ac ne mntta, ut in panca re/eram, -nc
multis, ne plum; in — , summatim, ad suminam,
smnma ilia sit, in brevi; cut it — , rcrbo dicas ;
a — syllable, syllaba brcvis ; — hair, capilli
tonsi ; a — memory, memoria hebes ; the — est
day, dies bruvudis, bruma ; the —est night, ijoj
solstitialis. short-legged, adj. cruribus brevi-
bus. short-sighted, adj. myops (Jet.), qui
oadis non satis prospicit ; fig. slultus, impru-
dens. shortcoming, n. delictum, shorten,
V.tr. praecidere, b re via rem facere or redden; to
— a syllable, syllabam compere; see Contract.
shorthand, n. notae. shortly, adv. 1,
= compendiously, sumiuatim, strictim, com-
presse, paucU verbis, brevitcr ; 2, = within
a short time, brevi, propediem, paucis diebus,
exiguo spatio ; — before, brevi ante, paul(l)o
ante, proxime, nuper ; — after, brevi post, jxik/-
(l)o post, non ita multo post ; — before a person's
death, hand mult Mil ante (no post) ah-js mortem.
shortness, adj. brevitas, axiguitas, angustiue,
compendium, contractu (— a drawing in).
Shot, n. teli jactlts, -us, or conjecttis, -us,
ictus, -fis, (teliim) missile (= what is fired), glaus
(= ball) ; to tire a — , telum emittere ; they were
now within — , jam ad teli jactum pen/entrant;
out of — , extra teli jactum.
Shoulder, I. n. humerus; — blade, scapula.
II. v.tr. alqd in humeros tollere.
Shout, I. n. clamor, vociferatio, vox, acclama-
tio ; to raise a — , clamorem tollere. II. v.tr.
(con)clamaie~iMiferari.
Shove, I. v.tr. trudlre, impelllre. II. n.
impulsus, -?is.
shovel, I. n. pala, batillum. II. v.tr. batillo
tollere.
Show, I. n. 1, = an exhibition, spectacnlnm,
pompa, ludl (— games) ; 2, ostentatio (=■ display),
species (— appearance); to make — of or pretend,
simularc, prae seferre; for some time there was
some — of tight, exiguum temporis alqa forma
pugnuefuit ; under a — of friendship, per simu-
lationem amicitiae. II. v.tr. proponire, ostentare
alqd, prae se ferre; to — off, se ostentare ; sei
Shew, showy, adj. see Beautiful, Osten-
tatious.
shower, I. n. pluvia repentina, imber, phi-
via; a plentiful — , largus imber; a — of stones,
lapidum imber. II. v.tr. effundcre. showery,
a(lj. piuvUts, pluvialis.
Shred, I. n. frustum (=a scrap), tegmentum
(Plin.). uUv.tr. minututim dissecare or concidere.
Shrew, n. uiulier jurgiis dedita. shrewd,
adj. prudens, sol(l)ers, callldus, astutus, perspicax,
sagax. Adv. calllde, astute, sagaciter, tol(l)erttr,
prudenter. shrewdness, n. calliditas, ostu-
tia, persnicacita8, sagacitas, prudentia, soKtyrtiu.
shrewish, adj. see Quarrelsome, shrew-
mouse, n. sorex.
shriek. I. n. ejulatus, -fis, ululatus, -us. II.
v.intr. ulularc. III. v.tr. clamare; see Scream.
&ki»
Sti-2
ail
shrift, 11. it short — , confcstim alqm necare ;
see also Confession; Shrive.
shrill, adj. dctUliSj argutus. Adv. acute,
argute.
shrimp, n. 1, * cancer pagumi (Linn.); 2,
fig, see Dwarf.
shrine, n. aedicula, delubrum, sacellum.
shrink. - \ - . i titr. se contrahere ; to — through
fear, pedan refer re; to — from duty, abhorrere,
rtcedire (<(6 ojticio nunquam recedemus, Cic); to
— from light, pugnum dctractare. shrinking,
n. 1, alcjs rei contractio ; 2, see Fear.
shrive, v.tr. peccata sua saccrdoti fateri (=
to confess), peccata confitentem, absolvcre (= to
absolve).
shrivel, I. v.tr. rugosum facere. II, v.intr.
(cor)rugari, controhi.
Shroud, I. n. morlul restimentum. II.
v.tr. inrolvere, rehire, tegere, mortuum vestimento
indvire. . .
shrub, n. frutex. shrubbery, n. arbus-
tum,
shrug, v.tr. to — the shoulders, humeros
movire.
shudder, I. n. horror, tremor. II. v.intr.
horrcre, tremere; to — greatly, pernor rescere.
shuffle, I. v.tr. 1, =to mix, (com)misccre ;
to — cards, paginas (jper)miscere ; 2, = to act
deceitfully, fruudare. II. v.intr. tergiversari
(of conduct), claudicare {— to limp), shuffler,
ii. fraudator, homofallax. shuffling, n. fraus,
-dis, f., dolus, tergiversatio.
shun, v.tr. (de)fiigere, vitare, declinare, aver-
sari, shunning, n. devitatio, J'uga, declinaJi
vilatio.
Shut, v.tr. claudere, operire ; to — the eyes,
cculos operire; to — the hand, manum compri-
■mere ; to — in, includere ; to — out, excliulirc.
shutter, n. (for a window), forieula, vulvae.
shuttle, n. radius (textorius). shuttle-
cock, n. pi!a pennata.
shy, I. adj. timidus, pavidus, verecundvs
<= modest) ; to he — of expense, sumptibus par-
<xre. II. v. tr. of a horse, terrcri, solium in con-
traria facere. Adv. timide, verecnade. shyness,
71. timor, pavor, vereenndia, pudor.
sibilant, adj. sibilans.
sibyl, n. sibyila. sibylline, adj. sibyllinus.
sick, adj. aeger (used of disorders of mind
■and body; see 111); to rise from a — bed,
fissurgere ex viorbo ; a — man, aeger, aegrotus ;
to feel — , nauseare ; to be — , vomere, tig. by
jmpers. taedet ulqm alcjs rei ; see III. sicken,
I. v.tr. see Disr.usT. II. v.intr. in morbum
inddere. sickly, adj. morbosus ; see 111,
\Vf.ak. sickness, n. = sensation of — , vomit-
ing, nausea, vomit us, -us (= illness), morbus (=
disorder), aegrctatio(= condition of — ),valetudo
(properly = state of health or strength ; used
alone — — , or with adversa, infinna, etc.); a
iContagious — , contvgio, hies, -is, f. (= the im-
pure cause of the disease) ; an epidemic, =
■pestilentia.
sicklo, n. fidx.
side, I. n. lotus, -eris, n. (of the body, a hill,
etc.), pars (— part, party), regio (= district), pa-
gina (= — of a leaf); on that — ,-illinc, ultra; on
this — and on that, citra ultroque ; on all — s, quo-
quorersus, omnibus partibus ; towards all — s, in
cmnes partes; on this — , hinc ; on both — s,
wtrtmipte; on each of two — s, vtrdbiqve; on his
— nothing takes place, ab eo nihil agitur. II.
adj. obliquus, transversns ; a — blow, ictus obli-
quus; to give anyone a — blow, glaclio alqm ob-
lique pctere. III. v.intr. to — with, alcjs partibu3
or alcifavere, studere, alcjs studiosum esse, side-
board, n. abacus, sidelong, adj. obliquus.
Sideways, adv. oblique, ab obliquo, ex obliquo,
sidereal, adj. by gen. sidcrum, siderolii
(Plin.).
siege, n. oppugnatio, obscssio, obsidio.
sieve, n. cribrum. sift, v.tr. cribrwre (Plin.),
cribro secernire; fig. investigare, (pcr)scruturi,
exjilorare.
Sigh, I. n. snspirium. II. v.intr. suspiria
ducire, suspirare. Sighing, n. suspiiratus,
•us.
Sight, I. n. 1, visio, visits, -us, videndifacultas,
oculus, conspectus, -its (= view), afdjspeclvs, -Us;
— of the eye, oculi acies ; at first — , jn-imo .''(<')-
spectu; 2, = spectacle, species (= an appearance),
spcctaeulv.m (=a show); in — , in conspectu, ante
oculos; in or sub ocidis; he was in — ,suboados
erat; to take out of — , oculis subducere, ex houii-
Ml conspectu subtrahere ; I knew him by — , de
facie novi; to pay at — , pecunias repraesentare ;
to catch — of, conspicere. II. v.tr. conspicari,
conspicere.
Sign, I. n. signum, significatio, indicium,
vestigium (= footmark), nota(— mark), insigne
(= badge), nutus, -fts (=nod); the peculiar —
of a thing, proprium alcjs rei (= characteristic) ;
it is the — of a wise man, est sapientis ; —
of the future, signum, omen, ostentum, porlen-
turn; a good — , omen faustum; a bad — ,
omen sinistrum. II. v.tr. 1, to — a document,
(con)sigiw.rc alqd, old rei (•nomen) subscriberc,
as witnesses, scribendo adessc ; 2, see Sjonal.
rignal, I. adj. insignis, notabilis, maximvs,
insignatus, egregins. Adv. iusigniter, notabiliter,
maxime, iusigu Me, egregie. II. n. signitm, symbol-
urn ; to give the — for an attack, signum dare;
for battle, classicum canere, tuba signum dare.
III. v.tr. see above, Signal, II. signalize,
v.tr. dedararc (= to show), alci or alci rei decori
esse (=to be an honour to), insignirc (= to make
remarkable, e.g. tot facinoribus focdum annum
etiam dii temjxstatibus et morbis insignirere,
Tac); to— yourself, se eta rum redden, signa-
ture, n. nomen, -fin's, n., subscriptio, nomen sub-
script um, signet, n. signum (= seal), signi-
ficance, signification, n. signif.catio; see
JIean-ixo. significant, adj. see IOxtressive.
signify, v.tr. significare (=to make signs),
i-«/tra(= to be equivalent, e.g. vcrbum quod idem
valet), velle (=to wish); see also JIean, An-
nounce, Tortend.
silence, n. silentium, iaciturnitas (= not
speaking); to keep — , tacere, conticcre, conti-
cescere, obticere, obmutescire. silent, adj. tacitus,
silens, tncilurnus (= taciturn); to be — , sileie,
tacere, Unguis favere (at religious rites) ; to lie —
about, celare, silcntio praeterire alqd ; be • — !
qyin tacrs! Adv. tacite, silentio.
Si... , n. bonibgx (Plin.), or vestis serica,
silk-worm, n. brnnbyx (Plin.). silken, adj.
sericus, bombycinus (Plin.). Silky, adj. seo
Smooth.
Sill, n. limen.
silly, adj. stnltus, fatuns, stolidus, infacetus
absurdus, ercors, reenrs, incptus, insuhns, alliens,
ridiculus (= exciting laughter). Adv. stulte,
st'-lide, infacele, absurde, inepte, insulse, ridi-
adc. silliness, n. atultilia, fatuitas, stoli-
dilas, ineptiae, vecordia, amentia, insulsitas,
ridicidum.
silt, I. n. limns. II. v.tr. limo opplerc.
silver, I. n. argentum ; wrought — , argeulum.
factum. II. adj. and silvery, argentine; plated
with — , argentaUts; — mine, argenti metalla,
Sllil
■'Of tint, n."; — foil, bractea argeniea, drgenli Jo-
diiut, (or as one word), argentaria (fodina) ; —
tnoney, nummi argentei; — plate, argentwm
(factum), vasa argcntea, pi. III. v.tr. .alqd
drgento inducere.
similar, adj. svmilis (used with the genit. of
internal bodily or mental relations, with d.it.
otherwise, e.g. non tarn potuit jwtris similis esse
quam illefuerat sui, Cic). Adv. similiter, simi-
larity, n. = resemblance, similitudo (est
homini cum Deo similitudo, Cic. ; habethonestatis
similitudinem ; similitudines, = similar objects),
simile, n. similitudo, translatio, collatio. simi-
litude, n. = comparison, similitudo ; see Like,
Simulate.
simmer, v.intr. feruescere, lente bullire.
simony, n. simonia (Eccl.).
Simper, v.intr. subridere, slidte ridere.
simple, adj. simplex (in gen.) ; = harmless,
innoxius ; = sincere, sincerus, jyrobus, integer,
sinefuco; = silly, stolidus, insulsus; = without
ornament, simplex, sine ornatu ; — sheer, merits.
Adv. simpliciter ; see also Only - , simples,
n. pi. herbua (medicinalcs). simpleton, n.
homo crassi ingenii, stultus, futuus, ineptus ; see
Fool, simplicity, n. simplicitas (in gen.),
clulti.tia (= folly), innooentia (= guilelessness).
simplify, v.tr. explicare, simplicem reddere.
simulate, v.tr. = to imitate or pretend,
simulare (e.g. mortem, lacrimas, simulavit se
furerc). simulation, n. simulatio (e.g. fallax
imitutio simulatioque virtutis).
simultaneous, adj. quod uno et eodem tem-
pore est or jit. Adv. eodem tempore, simul, una.
sin, I. n. pecadum, delictum (= omission), fia-
gitinm, nej'as; to commit a — , peccare, delinquere,
■peccatum committere. II. v.intr. peccare (in
se, erga alqm, in re; multa peccantur), delin-
quere. sinful, adj. pravis cupiditatibus dedi-
tus, impius, improbus, fiagitiosus. sinless, adj.
integer, sanctus. sinlessness, n. vitae sancti-
tas. sinner, n. qui peccav it, peccator (Eccl.). .
since, I. adv. abhine (e.g. he died two years
— , abhine annos duos, or annis duobus, mor-
tuusest); long — , jamdudum, jampridem. II.
■prep, by e, ex, a, ab, post (e.g. — the founda-
tion of the city, post urbem conditam) ; — that
time, ex eo tempore ; many years — , multis ab-
hinc annis; — when, ex quo; a long time — ,
jamdiu ; — childhood, apueritid, apuero. III.
conj. 1, of time, earn (qnom, quum), postquam
(fir as two words) ; this is the third day — I
heard it, tertius hie dies quod audiui ; it is a
long time — you left home, jamdudum factum
est cum ahiistidomo ; — lie died this is the three-
anil-thirtieth year, cujus a mortc hie tertius et tri-
gesimus annus; 2, of cause, may be rendered by
cum with subj., or quandoquidem, quia, quoniam
with indie, thus frequently in Cic. quae cum ita
sint, — this is so, but observe quandoquidem tu
istos oratores tantopere lamias (in the indie, Cic);
so urbs quae, quiapostrema ucdifi,cata est, Neapolis
nominatur (Cic); quoniam res in id di-scrimen
adducta est; — may also be rendered by the
relative with a causal force, and so requiring
the subj., e.g. maluimus iter faccrc pedibns, qui
incammoilissimc navigassemus, Cic ; so too miippe
qui with indie or subj. (all these conjs. follow
the ordinary rules of mood) ; sec Because.
Sincere, adj. sincerus (opp. fucatus, Simula-
Jus), integer (e.g. te sincerum integrumque con-
serves, Cic), probus, purus, candidus, vena ;
see Honest. Adv. sincere, integrc (— justly),
probe, pure, candidc, vere, tx animo, simpliciter ;
yours — , in letters, vale (valete). sincerity,
n. sinceritas, candor, integritas, probitas, Veritas
■ (= truthfulness), simplicitas.
863 Bit
sinecure, n. munus omni labor vacuum.
sinew, n. nervus ; the — s, as = strength,
ncrri. sinewy, adj. ncrvosus.
sing, v.tr. and intr. canere, utntare, modalari;
to — much, cdntitare ; to — to the harp, ad
citltaram canere; to — in harmony, ecrvare mo-
dum, od numerum canere. singer, 11. ^CUntor,
cantr'u, cantator, cantatrix. singing, n. can-
tus, -us, concentus, -fid (of a number of persons).
singe, v.tr. ustulare, amburere, adurere.
Single, I. adj. unus, solus, singularis, aniens;
a — or unmarried man, caelebs (a bachelor) ;
— combat, certamen unius cum uno. Adv.
singillatim. II. v.tr. to — out, eligcre ; see
Select, singular, adj. 1, as opp. to plural,
singularis; the — number, numerus singularis
(gram.) ; see Single, I. ; 2, = out of the
common way, singularis (=very superior, e.g.
Aristoteles mco judicio in philosophid prope sin-
gularis, = almost standing alone, Cic. ; also in a
bad sense, e.g. singularis cnidelitas, netjuitiu),
aniens (— unique), egregius, eximius y p/aestans
(— excellent), maximus (= very great) ; 3, =
strange, mints, mirificus, mirabilis, novus, imisi-
tatus,insolens. Adv. singnlariter, unicc, egregie,
eximie, pruestaider, insolenter, maxime, mire,
mirijice, viirabililer, nove, inusitute. singu-
larity, n. insoleiUia,praestantia (= excellence),
or use adj.
Sinister, adj. sinister (lit. = left-handed ; fig.
with mores, natura, interpretatio, etc.), t in/austus
(= unlucky); see Ill-omened, Corrupt.
Sink, I. v.tr. (subymcrgere, demergere, im-
mergcre, deprimf.re. II. v.intr. (con)sidere,
desidcre, residere, submergi, demergi, immergi ;
to — in ruins, collabi, corruire, mergi ; to —
morally, in (omnia) fiagitia se ingurgitare ; Vu
— into sleep, sonum opprimi ; the price — s,
prctium imminuitur ; his courage — s, animus
cad it; to let one's courage — , sibi dijffidcrc ; to
— ;- into the mind, in animum penttrare; to be
sunk in debt, acre alieno obrui. Ill, n. sentina.
sinuous, adj. sinuosus.
sip, I. v.tr. (primis labHs) degustare, sorbil-
lare (ante and post class.). II. n. use verb.
sir, n. 1, as title, dominus; 2, in addresses,
vir optime.
sire, ii. 1, peder, genitor; see Father; 2,
see Sin.
siren, n. siren.
Sirocco, n. anster.
Sister, n. soror, germana ; father's — , amita ;
mother's — , matert'era ; grandfather's — , amita
magna ; grand mother's — , matertera magna ;
in-law, glos, gloris, f. (Jet.), sisterhood, n.
sororum societas (Eccl.). sisterly, adj. ut so-
rores solctd.
sit. v.intr. sedcre, alqdre insidire,considcre(=
to — down); to — near, assidcre rei or (dci ; to —
on, sedere in re; to — at table, (icciim&cre, if isaim-
bere, recumbire ; to — above at table, superior nc-
cumbere ; of a court, hubcri (e.g. conventus), sedcre
(of the magistrates); wo sat up talking till late at
night, scrmoium in mult urn noctem produximus
(Cic.) ; he — s up till daylight, usque ad luccm
vigilat; of fowls, (oris) incaUirc (Pita.); as
milit. term, to — down before a place, oppitlmn
circumscdcrc. sitting, n. sessio (lit. of a court),
conscssus, -ns (of a court, etc.) ; to break up the
— , conscssum, etc., dimittire.
site, n. situs, -us. situate, adj. situs, positus,
collocatus; to be — near, (uljacere. Bituation,
n. 1, = position, situs, -us, sedes, -is, locus ; if he
were in that — , si eo loco esset ; 2, = office,
munus, -en's, n. ; see Office,
SiS
864
sle
6iit| adj. sex, sent (= — each) ; — » or (seven, sex
geptem, sex aut septem; to throw — (at dice),
senionem initlire ; — times, sexie(n)s. sixth,
adj. sextus ; the — time, scxtum. sixteen, fulj.
sedecim(sexd-), decern et sex, seni deni(= — each);
-*- times, sedecie(n)s. sixteenth, adj. sextus
decimus ; one — , pars sexta decima. sixty, adj.
UMginta, sexageni (— — each) ; — times, sexa-
gie\u)s. sixtieth, adj. sexagesimus ; the — time,
eexugesimum; sixty thousand, sexaginta milia;
the — thousandth, sexagie(n)s millesimus.
size, n. 1, =■ measure, mensura, amplitudo
( = largeness), parvitas ( = smallness), proceritas
( = tallness), altitude) ( = height), ambitus, -iis
( = girth), spatium ( = extent of surface) ; to
take, the — of (diymctiri ; of the — of, (ad)
instar alcjs rei; of great, small — , etc., mag-
nus, ]xirvus ; 2, = glue, gluten (glutinum).
Skate, I. n. solca /errata. II. v.intr. soleis
ferratis placiem transcurrere.
■ skein, n. JUia volumen or Jilorum glomus.
skeleton, n. ossa, -ium, n., ossium compagi ■ ;
lie is a mere — , vix ossibus haeret.
Sketch, I. n. adumbratio ; see Outline.
II. v.tr. desrribe.n; designare, adumbrarc (esp.
fig-)-
skewer, n. veru ( = spit).
i skiff, n. scapka, cymba, navicula.
skill, n. perithi, scientia, ars, artijicium, sol-
(l)ertia, adliditas, ]irudcntia, hc.bilitas. skilful,
adj. peritus rei, arte insignia, exercitutus in re,
dexter, snl(l)ers, sciens, catlidus, habilis(z= handy),
prudens(= with insight), bonis (= good) ; — "in
the laWjJliris consultus. Adv. perite, dext(e)re,
eallide, scienter, prudenter, habiliter, bene.
skim, I. n. spunia ; to form — , spumescere ;
full of — , spunwsus. II. v.tr. 1, despumare, spn-
mam eximere; 2, ~ to read quickly, alqd (legen-
do) percurrere. III. v.intr. volare '(= to fly).
skin, I. n. cuff's, pellis, membrunu, atrium
(= hide) ; to get off with a whole — , integrum
abire. II. v.tr. corium dctrahere, pelle or corio
exuere /to — over, cicatricem inducere, (ob)du-
cere, skin-deep, adj. levis. skinny, adj.
see Thin.
skip, I. n. saltus, -us. II. v.intr. salire (= to
leap); to — with joy, ex(s)ultare. III. v.tr. =
to pass over, transilire, praeterire. skipping-
rope, n. Testis.
Skipper, n. navis magistrr ; see Captain.
skirmish, I. n. praelium live. II. v.intr.
to engage in — ps, praeliis parvutis cum hoste con-
tendere, skirmisher, u. vela, -His, in. ( =
light-armed soldier, or by verb).
Skirt, I. n. limbvs, vrn. II. v.tr. to — the
shore, legire oram ; to — or border on, affinem
esse (e.g. gens afflnis Mauris).
skittish, adj. protervus, lascivus; to be' — ,
lascivire. Adv. proterve, lascive. skittish
ness, n. protervitaa, lascivia.
skulk, v.intr. latere.
Skull, n. calvuria.
Sky, n. caelum; a bright — , caelum serenvm,
an open — , caelum patens; under the open
— ; sub divo, in publico; from the — , de caelo,
caelttus. skylark, n. alavda. skylight, n.
fenestra.
Slack, adj. laxus, fluxus, remissus ( = loose),
lentus, tardus (= alow), segnis, piger (= idle) ;
— in duty, neglegens. slacken, v.tr. laxare ;
to — the reins, laxare hubenas ; to — work, opus
remittire. Adv. leute, turdc, segniter, negle-
genUr. slackness, n. scgnilia, pigritia (=
laziness), neglcgcntia(= negligence) ; — of reins,
etc., by laxus, remissus.
slake, v.tr. sithn ex(s)llnguire or explh'f,
sitim depellere or sedan ; to — lime, calcem
viacerare.
slander, I. n. cahtmnia, (/also) criminalio,
falsum crimen, obtrectatio, maledlctio. II. v.tr.
calumniari, criminari, dijjamare, ulci obtrectare,
maledieere, ahpn calumniis or ignominiis afficere,
insectari, aid probrum, convicium, contumeliam,
etc., faccre. slanderer.n. obtrectator. slander-
ing, n. criminatio, obtrectatio. slanderous,
adj. maledicvs, famosus. Adv. maledice, per at-
lumniam.
Slant, adj. obliquus, transversns. Adv.
oblique.
Slap, I. n. alapa (Juv.). II. v.tr. palmtl pcr-
cutere.
slash, I. n. inciswra( = incision, Co\.),virf-
nus, -iris ( = wound), ictus, -its ( = blow). II.
v.tr. caedere, incidcre, gladio percuterc (with a
sword).
Slate, I. n. to write on, use tabula; for a
roof, tegnla (=tile, usu. in pi.); a — quarry,
lapidis jissilis fodina. II. v.tr. tegulis obtegere
or consternere.
slattern, n. mulier sordida.
slaughter, I. n. caedes, -is, f. ( = a cutting
down), oeddio, occisio, eludes (fig. = discomfiture,
severe loss), strages, -is, f. (fig. = overthrow, des-
truction) ; a general — , intcrnecio ; trucidatio
(= butchery), iicx( = violent death); man — ,homi-
cidium. II. v.tr. caedere, eoncidere (of a number),
jugnlare (=to cut the throat), muctare( = io slay a
victim); see Slav ; trucidare. slaughter-
house, n. lanicna. slaughterer, n. lanius.
slave, n. serrus (considered as property),
ancilla(= female — ), verna(= a slave born in the
house), famulus (= household — ),mancipiuut (—
one obtained by war or purchase) ; the — s, servi-
Hum, servitia, corpora servilia, Jamilia ; to sell
as a — , sub corond vendere; a — of lusts,
servus libidinum ; to be a — to anything,
aid rei oboedire, inservire. Slave-dealer,
n. venalicius, mango (Quint.). slave
labour, n. opus servile, slave-market, u.
forum or lapis (e.g. de lapide emptus, Cic.)
slavery, n. servitus, -utis, f., servitw'do, servi-
tium; to be in — , in servitute esse, slave-trade,
n. venditio (= selling) or emptio (= buying) ser-
vorum. slave-war or -rising, n. tumultus,
-its, servllis, beltum servile, slavish, adj. serrl-
lis (lit. ami tig.), vernilis (lit. and tig., esp. in
Tac.). Adv. serviliter, verniliter.
slaver, I.)i. sputum (Cels.). II. v.intr. sail-
vam ex ore demittere, salivd madere.
slay, v.tr. iuterficere, occidere, interimere,
'ollcre, ferire, pereutere, absmm're, ex(s)tinguire,
trucidare, jugnlare, necaiv (= to put to death).
slayer, n. interfedor, occisor, percussor ; — of
men, homicida, in. and f. (so tyrannicida, etc.).
Sledge, n. traha (— a drag).
sledge-hammer, n. malleus.
sleek, adj. levis ( = smooth), nitidus ( =
shining) ; to be — , nitere.
sleep, I. n. somnus(= sleep), sopor(=heavi-
ness), quies, -etis( = rest); — falls on me, sovunis
me opprimit ; to fall to — , dormitare. II. v.intr.
dormire, quiescere ; to go to — or bed, cubitum
ire, se somno dare, sleepiness, n. veternus (of
the lethargy of the aged), or by adj. sleepless,
adj. insomnia, exsomnis, vigilans. sleepless-
ness, n. insomnia, vigilia, vigilantia. sleepy,
adj. scmisomnus (-somnis), somni plenus, somiw
gravis, veternus, somnicnlosus(= sluggish). Adv.
somniculose, or better by adj.
sleet, n. nix grandine mixta,
sleeve, n. manica; to laugh in one's — ,
Bid
$65
Bna
ftirlim ridere ; in sinu gaudere (= to rejoice in
secret).
sleight, n. ars, artificium, dolus; — of hand,
praestigiae.
slender, adj. tenuis (lit. and fig.), gracilis
(lit.), cxilis (lit. and llg.); — provision, victus,
•iis, tenuis. Adv. tenuiter (= poorly), exUitcr.
slendcrness, n. tenuitas, exilitasQ.it. and tig.),
yracilitas (lit.).
slice, I. ii. — of bread (jKinis) frustum.
II. v.tr. cuncidcre, secure.
Slide, I. v.intr. lain. II. n. — on ice, by
in glacis labi.
slight, I. adj. tens (in gen. of clothing, etc,
also flg.), parvi momenti( = o{ little account), tenu-
is, gracilis, exiiis (= slender), by diminutive (e.g.
opusculum, = —work). II. v.tr. parvi, flocci
facere, nullum curam alcjs habere, eontemuere.
slim, a<lj. exilis; see Slender, slimness,
n. exilitiis.
slime, n. iimvs. slimy, adj. limosus.
sling, I. n. funda; — for the mm, fascia,
mitella (Cels.) ; io have the arm in a — , brachi-
tini mitella iiicolutum habere. II. v.tr. mitlere,
torquere; to — at, funda petere.
slink, v.intr. to — away, sese subducere.
slip, I. n. 1, lit. tepsus, -us; 2, fig. lapsus
(rare), culpa (= fault), error (= mistake); there's
many a — between the cup and the lip, inter os
et offain (sc. multa intervenire possunt); 3, of a
plant, surculus: see Sboot. II. v.intr. vesti-
yio falli, labi ; to — away, anfuuere; to let — ,
amittere, omittere; to — from the memory, <te
memorid excidere. slipper, n. solea, crepida.
Slippery, adj. lubricus.
Slit, I. n. fissura (= a split, Plin.), rima (= an
opening or leak), scissura (= a slit, Plin.). II.
v.tr. incidere (= to cut into),yi>Ktere(= to cleave),
scindcre (— to tear).
Sloe, n. prunum silvestre (Plin.); — tree,
prumw, f., silvestris (Col.).
sloop, n. see Ship.
slop, n. and v.tr. see Wet.
Slope, I. n. declivitas (downwards), accllvi-
tas (upwards). II. v.intr. vergere, se dimittire.
sloping, adj. declivis, acclivis.
sloth, n. desidia, inertia, segnitia, segnities,
ignavia, socordia, pigritia. Slothful, adj.
desldiosus (rare), fliers, ignavus, setjnis, socors,
piger. Adv. inerter, segniter, ignave.
slouch, v.intr. discinctum esse.
slough, n. pedus, -udis, f. ; (for swine), volu-
tabrum; — ofasnako, vernatio (Plin.).
sloven, n. homo sordidus, discinctus. slo-
venliness, n. sordes ( — tilth), incuria, negle-
gentia (— carelessness).
slow, adj. tardus, lenlus, segnis, piger, serus
(=late); — to learn, tardus ad discendum. Adv.
tarde, lente, segniter, paul(J)atim, pedetentha
(pedetemt-). slowness, n. tarditas, segnitas,
pigritia; — of a river, lenitas.
slug, n. Umax (Plin.). sluggard, n. homo
ignavus. sluggish, adj. segnis, piger, socors.
Adv. segniter, socorditer. sluggishness, n.
pigritia, ignavia, socordia.
Sluice, n. emissariiuu.
slumber, n. and v. see Sleep.
Slur, I. n. macula, labes, -is, dedecus, -oris, n.
II. v.tr. to — over, extenuare.
Slut, n. mulier sordida, immunda.
sly, adj. vafer, subdolus, astuius, versutus;
— old fellow, veterator. Adv. vafre, subdole,
astute, versute. slyness, n. dolus, astutia.
28
smack, I. n. a taste, sapor, gusltu, -us. II.
v.intr. to — of, sapere (e.g. mella herbam tarn
sapiunt, = the honey — s of the grass).
smack, I. n. = a blow, alapa. II. v.tr.
alapam alci ducZre (Phaedr.).
small, adj. parvus, exiguus, minutus, tenuis
(= thin), gracilis (= slender), angnstus ( — nar-
row); a — soul, animus pusillus; that betrays a
— mind, illud pusilli est unimi ; too — , jusOi
minor,parummagnus ; as — as, how — ! quaiUulus.
smallness, n. purvitas, exiguitus, tcnuitas,
graciUtas, angustiae.
small-pox,- n. 'variolae, or hy pestilentia.
smart, I. n. dolor, morsus, -us, cruciatns,
-iis. II. v.intr. dolere ; to — for, jxienas idei
pendere, paenas subire, pcrferre or Inert. III.
adj. 1, = keen, acer, acerbus, gravis, ncutus ; 2,
= active, impigcr, callidus ( = clever); 3,
— witty, salsus ; see Witty ; 4, = dressy, lau-
tus, nitidus. smartness, n. 1, = wit, sal;
2, dressiness, use adj. Smart III., 4.
smatterer, n. homo leviter Ut(t)eris imbutus.
smattering, n. levis artis alcjs scientia.
smear, v.tr. (iiyinire.
smell, I. n. odoratus, -us (the sense), odora-
tio (the act), odor (the result); an ill — ,foetor;
to have a bad — , male (good, bene) olere. II.
v.intr. to — of, (re)dolere alqil ; to — , or have the
sensation, odorari, olfacere. smelling-bottle,
n. rasculum olfactoriolum.
smelt, v.tr. fundere, coqucre (Plin.), lique-
facere.
Smile, I. n. rlstis, -us; with a — , subridens.
II. v.intr. (sub)rldere, irridere alci rei ; fortune
— s on me, Jortuna mihi effulget.
smirk. I. n. by risus, -ils, eontortus. II.
v.intr. vultum ad algd componire.
smite, v.tr. ferire, percutcre.
smith, n. faber ferrurius (=a blacksmith),
smithy, n. nfficlnaferraria.
smoke, I. n. fumus. II. v.intr. furnace,
vaporare, exhalare. III. v.tr. to — (tobacco),
herbae Nicotlanae fumum ducire ; see FUMIOATR.
smoky, adj. fumosus (= full of smoke, dis-
coloured by aiuoke).
smooth, I. adj. lids, teres; of words, etc.,
blaudus; of the sea, etc., tranquillus, placithis :
of the temper, aequus, aequabilis, aequalis. Adv.
in gen. by adj.; of words, etc., blunde; <>f tin 1
sea, etc., tranquille, placide ; of the temper,
aequo animo, aeyuabiliter, aequaliUr. II. v.tr.
levare, livigare (in gen.), limart (with file), run-
cinare (with plane); of the sea, tranquUlare,
sedare ; llg. to — a person's way, arfituiii. alci ad,
alqmdare.' smoothness, n. VteUas, tranquil-
litas, aequanimitas ; — of diction, aequabii
smother, v.tr. suffocate, animam interclu-
dcre ; fear — s his voice, metus voccm praecludtt ;
see Strangle.
smouldering, adj. fimaas.
smuggle, v.tr. vierces furtim or portorio
non soluto importare or invehlre. smuggler,
n. qui merces vetitas importat.
smut, n. fuligo, robigo (= blight), smutty,
n. fumosus (= smoky).
Snack, n. liars, portio, gustus, -us (= a taste).
snaffle, n. fireman.
snail, n. cochlea, snail's shell, n. mchleae
testa.
snake, U. anguis, serpens, coluber, vipera,
draco, snaky, adj. tvipereus, Sanguineus.
snap, I. v.intr. crepitum edere, crepare ; —
to brealc asunder, frangi, diffringi; — to scold,
ana
fc66
Soj
tilqm increpare. II. v.tr. frangere, (prae)rum-
pere, diffringere, infringere ; to — the fingers,
digitis concrepare ; to — at, lit. ami fig. petere, ar-
ripiire ; to — up, soe Seize. III. u. crepitus, •its.
snappish, adj. morosus, dijjkilis, mordax, ira-
cundus. Adv. morose, Iracunde.
snare, I, n. lit. and fig. laqveus, plaga, insi-
diae, -arum ; to set a — for anyone, aki insidias
faecre. ; to get one's head out of a — , se expedite
(ex laqueo). II, v.tr. lit, and fig. illaqueare,
irretire.
snarl, v.intr. 1, lit. fremire; 2, fig. (sub)-
ringi.
snatch, v.tr. and intr. rapcre, compere ; to
— away, surripere; to — at, captare; see Seize.
sneak, I. v.tr. irrepere ; to — into anything,
e.g. ad amicitiam reptare(= to creep) ; to — away,
furtim se subducire. II. n. homo nequam, ab-
iectus; see Contemptible.
sneer, I. n. derisus, -lis, irrisus, -us. II. v.tr.
deridere, irridere.
■ sneeze, v.intr. sternuere. sneezing, n.
sler nutamentum.
sniff, n. and v.tr. and intr. see Smell.
snip, v.tr. circumcidere, amputare.
snipe, n. scolopax (late).
snob, n. homo putid/us.
snore, v.intr. stertcre.
Snort, I. v.tr. frcmcre. II. n. fremitus, -Ttsi
snout, n. rostrum.
snow, I. n. nix, nivis; a — -'ball, nivis gle-
bula (late); —flake, iiix; — storm, nivis casus,
-us, or nives. II. v.tr. ning(u)ere, gen. impers.;
it — s.ningit. snowy, adj. nivosus; — white,
niveus, colore nireo. .;,.
snub, I. v.tr. II. n. set Rebuke, snub-
nosed, adj. simus.
snuff, I. n. 1, of a candle, fungus ; 2, = com-
minuted tobacco, pulvis stcrnutatorius ; — box,
pyxis. II. v.tr. candclae fitngum demere ; to —
out, ex(s)tinguere ; to — up anything, alqd nari-
bus hour ire. snuffers, n. forficcs (scissors,
Mart.) candekmim. snuffle, v.intr. vocemnari-
bus proferre.
snug, adj. see Comfortable.
so, adv. sk, ita, hunc in modum, hoc modo,
ut . . . sk, ut . . . ita, tain . . . quam; —
then, itaque, ergo; see Therefore; — that (—
in order that), ut ; — not, ne, or by rel. qui,
quae, quod with subj. ; — that, of consequence,
ut ; — not, ut non ; — much, tarn valde, tarn
vehementer, tantum, tantopere, adco ; twice —
much, bis tunto, alteram tantum; not — much,
minus, non ita; — much ... as, tantopere . . .
quantopere ; — great, tammultns, tantns, tantum;
— great . . . as, tantum . . . quantum ; — again,
alterum tantum ; — many, tot ; — many . . . as,
tot . . . quot ; just — mnny,*totidem ; — far, to,
en usque, in tantum, quoad, hactenns; to carry a
thing — far, rem eo adducire ; — far as I can look
back, quoad longissime potest mens mva respkire;
— little food, tantulus cibus ; — few, tarn panel;
as . . . — , et . . . et, turn . . . turn, tarn . . . quam,
vel . . . rel ; not — ... as, non tarn . . . quam ;
is it --? Unite f siceine? — quickly, tarn citn,
tain celeriter ; — quickly as possible, quam. pri-
m/urn, prima quoque tempoiv, simitl ac, ut pri-
mum; as that was 'painful, — this is pleasant,
ut illud erut vwhstum, sic hoc est jucundtim
(Cic.) ; — uncivil as, tarn Iniirbanvs ut (<Mc.) ;
did yon think mc - unjust as to bo angry with
yoxif adeone me injustnm esse existimasli tit tiUi
irascerer? (Cie.); — far from, tantum nhest ut
. . . -non; — often, totie(n)s . . . quotient)*; grant
it — ,fac ita esse; if it had been done ( — cour-
teous are you), you would have written it,
et si esset' factum (quae tua est hnmanitas),
scripsisses ; — called, quern, quam, quod dicunt,
qui, etc., dkitur. so so, adv. mediocriler.
soak, v.intr. macerare; to — up, bibere ; to
— through, permanare (=to trickle through),
■madefaccre. (=to wet), soaking, adj. of rain,
effusus.
soap, I. n. supo (Plin.). II, v.tr. mpone
illincre.
soar, v.intr. sublime ferri, setollere (lit. and
fig.), subvolare (of birds, etc.).
sob, I. n. singultus, -iis. II. v.intr. singuU
tire.
sober, adj. sobrius (opp. vinolentus, used lit.
and fig.), temperans, temperatus, modestus, modi-
cus, moderatus (all = moderate in desires),
secerns (= grave). Adv. sobrie, temperate, mo-
deste, modice, moderate, sei'ere. sobriety,
soberness, n. sobrietas, temperantia, modem-
tio, modestia, severitas.
sociable, adj. sociabilis, comis, affabilis;^ see
Courteous, Friendly, social, adj. socialis,
communis, civllis (in political sense), sociabilis,
congregabilis (= disposed to meeting together,
of bees), facilis (=: easy of approach, as a quality
of character); — life, vitae societas, communitas
vitae. Adv. quod ad. societatem vitae pertinet.
socialism, n. by forma civitatis in qua. sum-
ma aequalitus inter cives exstat. socialist, n.
qui sunimam inter cires aequalitatem appetit.
sociality, n. socialitas, mores faciles (= socia-
bility), society, n. = the union of several
persons for a common end, societas (of learned
and commercial men), sodalitas(= a brotherhood
or fraternity), faciio (= a union which makes a
party, esp. in a bad sense), collegium (= a corpora-
tion "of merchants, artisans, priests) ; to form —
with someone, societatem cum alqo facere, inire,
coire, rationem cum alqo communicate (—to make
common cause), societatem contrahere cum alqo;
to take into — , alqm in societatem assumere (ad),
scribcre, alqm in collegium cooptare (by election) ;
= to the associated persons, socii (of a craft),
grex (—a band, e.g. a company of actors); =
society in general, societas humana (hominnm
or generis humani); civil — , societas civilis ; =
as an assemblage, coetus, -its, conventus, -iis
(virorum feminarumque or nudierumque), clrcvhis
(=a circle or gathering, whether iu the streets
or in houses, a club) ; to go into — , in circuhm
venire; to avoid — , vitare coetus, hominum con-
ventus fiigire, homines fvgere, abstinere con-
gressu hominum, se a congressu hominum segre-
gare.
sock, n. see Stocking.
socket, n. of a candlestick, myxa ; of the
eye, * cavum ocvli.
Socratio, adj. Socraticus.
sod, n. caespes, -itis, m. ; a green — , caespes
vivus or viridis.
soda, n. nitrum.
sodden, adj. madidus.
sofa, n. leclulus.
soft, adj. mollis, len is (= gentle), effeminatvs
(= effeminate). Adv. molliter, leniter, effeminate.
soften, I. v.tr. (e)moUire, mitigare, lenire (lit.
and Hg.). II. v.intr. molliri, vwIlescSre. soft-
ness, u. mollitia or mollities.
soho, interj. lint*' hens tut eliel
soil, I. n. solum; a good — , solum piingue;
poor — , solum exile. II. v.tr. inquinare, pol-
luere, macidare; see Oehi.f.
sojourn, I. v.intr. cum alqo or in algfi terrA
commorai i(— to tarry), sedem haWrr- in loco, per?-
sol
&I67
SOI*
grmari in tithe or in gente (as a foreigner). II.
n. mora, commoratio, peregrinatio. sojourn-
er, ii. hospes (= guest), peregrinus (= foreigner),
advcna, in. and f. (= alien).
solace, I. n. solatium, solatio (= the act),
t solamcn, levamen(tum) (= au alleviation). II.
v.tr. alqm (con)solari, aid solatium praebere
dare, ajferre.
solar, adj. Solaris, or by gonit. eolia (=of
the sun;.
solder, I. n. ferrumen (Plin.). n. v.tr.
confer rumimre (Plin.), (im)plumbare.
soldier, n. miles, -itis ; common — , miles
gregarius, manipulates ; foot — , peeks; horse
— , eques; to serve as a — , stipendia faccre,
merere or merer i, with genit. or dat sol-
dierly, adj. militaris, rci militaris peril us.
soldiery, n. milites, or as collect, miles.
sole, adj. solus, units, vnicus ; — survivor,
sxtperstes, -itis, m. Adv. solum (modo), tantuni
(modo). solitary, I. adj. solus, solitarlus (of
persons), solus, descrtus, avius, decius, secretus
(of places). II. n. see Hermit, solitude,
n. solitudo (both as state and lonely place).
sole, n. of the foot (pedis) planta, solum ; —
of a shoe, (calcei) solca ( = a sandal), solum.
sole, n. = fish, solca. ■
solecism, n. soloccismus (— offence against
grammar); see also Impropriety.
solemn, adj. sol(l)emnis, originally = yearly
or annual, and hence festal and customary, but
not solemn in our sense, which may be expressed
by summd religione imbutus, and by sanctus,
religiosus. Adv. sol(l)emnitcr, sancte, religi-
ose, solemnize, v.tr. celebrare. ;_ lem-
nization, n. celebratio. solemnity, n. 1,
sol(l)emne (e.g. sollemne clavi figendi, Li v. ; nos-
trum Mud sollemne serrcmus, Cic. = nn estab-
lished custom) ; — profound religious sentiment,
reverentia; 2, see Gravity, Seriousness.
solicit, v.tr. sol(l)icitare, poscere, deposcere,
expetcre, comb, deposcere atque expire, obsecrari,
orare alqm alqd. solicitation, n. preees, -urn,
(ef)flayitatio, rogatio, obsecratio ; at the — of,
alcjs rogatu, alqo rogantc, precando. solicitor,
n. 1, qui rogat, quiposcit; 2, advocatus; see
Advocate, solicitous, adj. sol(l)icilus (—
concerned, moved with anxiety), auxins ; see
Anxious. Adv. sol'l)icite, anxie'. solicitude,
sol(l)icitudo, euro, anxietas; to be an object
some, adj. used with nora". uliquis talUttid,
ahquod), quis (after si, e.g. si quit hoc duit)
aliquot with gen. (e.g. aliquot hominum); —
. . . others, alii . . . alii, quidam . . . alii ;
—one, aliqins, quispiam, quisquam; when the
relative follows, aliquis is dropped (e.g. hubeo
qucm mittam); —one, I know- not who, nescio
qui or quis; —(as a softening term), e.g. —
fifteen, etc., homines ad quindecim Curioni
(tssaiserunt ; abhinc menses decern pre, = —
ten months ago; nactus enuites circiier trigiuta,
= having obtained — thirty horsemen; in —
way or other, qudcumque; there is — reason,
KOM siiiccaus(s)a; it is— comfort to me, non-
uihil. me consolatur (Cic); for — time, ali-
quundo, aliquandiu. somehow, adv. nescio
quomodo, nescio quo pacta, something, n.
see Some ; when emphatic, aliquid, nonuihil.
sometimes, adv. aliquaudo, nonnunquam,
subinde, inUrdum. somewhat, n. aliquan-
tu(lu)m, nonnihU. somewhere, adv. ali-
cubi, alqo toco, nonnusquam. somewhither,
adv. aliquo.
somersault, n.
turn a — , dare sidtus.
saltus, -us (= leap) ; to
n
of — , curae esse a.lc
solid, adj. solidus (in most senses of the
English, = firm, lasting), stabilis, firmus ; see
Stable; — food, cibus, caro (=ineat). Adv.
solide, stabiliter, firms; — ground, solidum, n. ;
— bodies, solida, -orum. solidity, n. solidilas.
soliloquy, n. meditatio (= meditation),
cum alqs secum loquitur, soliloquize, v.tr.
ipsum secum loqui.
solitary, adj. see under Sole.
solo, n. tinius cantus, -us ; on an instrument,
quod alqs solus fidibus, etc., canit.
solstice, n. solstitium( — summer —),brmm
( = winter— ); relating to the— solstilialis,
brumalis.
solve, v.tr. (dis\solvere (properly = to loosen,
and hence to — knotty points), enodare ( =
to undo a knot) ; see Explain, solubility, n.
use verb, soluble, adj. 1, lit. quod dissolri
potest ; 2, fig. quod cxplanari potest, solution,
il. 1, = act of dissolving (dis)so!utio ; 2, = what
is dissolved, dilulum (Plin.) ; 3, = explanation,
enodatio, expositio, 'dis)solutio, explicatio. sol-
vent, I. adj. qui solvendo (par) est. II. n.
quod ad alqd dissolvendum rim hubct.
somnambulist, n. qui in somnis ambuhtU
somniferous, adj. t somnifer, somnijicus.
somnolent, adj. see Sleepy-.
son, n. jilius, +natus;' a little — , filiolus;
foster — .alumnus; a — in-law, gener; a step-
— , privignus; — s and daughters, Ziberf.
song, n. cantus, -us, caiiticum,cautilciia(con-
temptuonsly, e.g. eadem cantilena, = the same
old — ), carmen, modus, songster, n. cantor,
vocis et cantus modulator; f. cantrix, pSUria,
sonorous, adj. sonorus, canorus, clarus ; see
Cleak. Adv. sonore, canore, dare.
soon, adv. cito; brevi tempore (= in a short
time), max, jam, propediem ; very — , cxlcmplo
(= straightway); — after, paul(l)o post, non ita
■multo -post; — , mature (— shortly), mane; too
— , ante tempos; to do — , maturate alqd
facire ; as — as possible, qucm maturrime;
as — as, quam primum, simul ac or atque, ut
(primum); as — as, simul ac. sooner, adv. =
rather, potius^libenlius ; I had — er, mtdlem.
SOOt, n. fulign. sooty, adj. fuligine oblttus.
SOOth, n. varum, Veritas; in — , vere, certe ;
for — , sane, pmfecto. soothsay, v.tr. praedi-
cere. soothsayer, n. (h)aruspcx, m. ; see
Prophet, soothsaying, n. auguralio, au-
gur ium.
SOOthe, v.tr. mulcere, lenirc, placarc, sedare,
levarc, mitigarc, tranquillare. soothing, adj.
by part, or by blandus. Adv. blande.
sop, I. n. frustum, ojfa (panis). II. v.tr.
macerare (= to soak).
sophism, n. sophisma (Sen.), c«ptio. so-
phist, n. 1, sophiata, m.; 2, tig. homo eaptiosus.
sophistical, adj. eaptiosus. Adv. captiose.
sophistry, n. ars sophistica, fallaces attend*.
artes.
soporific, adj. jsoporifer, snporus, soinni-
ficus (Plin.).
sorcerer, n. venejlcus, sorceress, n.
venefica, vaaja, saga, sorcery, n. ars magica.
sordid, adj. sordidus (= un'iean, mean), ab-
ject as, h » i» His (= despicable), a.arus ( — greedy) ;
see Mean. Adv. sordidc, abjecte, hvmiliter,
avare. sordidness, n. sordes, araritia.
sore, I. n. 1, ulcus, -iris, n.; see Abscess ; 2,
fig. molest ia; sec Trouble. II. adj. quod alqm
dolors officii; llg. to be — about anything, alqd
yravitirferrc. ■ III. adv. aegre, graviter,moleste;
— wounded, comjrfuribus confectus vulneribus.
sor
80S
spe
Sorrel, h. oiys.
sorrel, adj. sjxidix.
_ sorrow, I. n. dolor, aegriludo, maestitia, moles-
tia,tristitia,acerbitas,paenitentia(agerepaeniten-
tiaui rei, = to have — for), dfsit?ern«it(= longing),
luctus, -us ( = mourning)- II. v.intr. dolere,
muerere, dolort affici, lugere, desiderare, contris-
tari, alqm paenitet alcjsrei. sorrowful, adj.
tristis, maestus, lugubris, dejcctus, afflictus, males-
tid affeclus; to be — , dolere, aegritudine affici,
se maerori tradere, contristari. Adv. maestc; see
Sadly.
sort, I. n. mos, modus, ratio, genus, -eris, n.(=
kind or manner) ; after a — , quodammodo ; after
the same — , similiter; in what — ? quomodo? in
like — , pari ratione ; of what — ? cujlismodi?
qualis ? of this — , hujuscemodi ; of that — ,
ejusmodi, istiusmodi ; ho is not the — of man to,
«o)i is est qui with subj. II. v.tr. (in genera)
digcrere ; see Separate. III. v.intr. = to be
suitable, upturn esse; see Suit, sorting, n.
diribitio.
sortie, n. excursio, eruptio ; to make a — ,
tTWttl.pe.re,
sot, n. by homo ebriosus. sottish, adj. ebri-
osus, vinulentus.
SOUl, n. anima(= the living principle), ani-
mus ( = the emotional nature), spiritus, -us { =
breath, spirit), mens (— the intelligence) ; by my
■ — , ita vivam ut, etc., nc vivam si, etc. ; from
my — , ex animo ; with all my — , toto animo; —
(as a living being), anima, caput, homo ; not a — ,
nemo.
sound, adj. (as opposed to unsound or rotten)
sunns ( = in a v natural state, hence our sane, opp.
insane), salvus (= safe), incolwm,is(= uninjured),
sospes ( = escaped from peril), integer ( = entire,
whole), firmus, robustus (= strong), saluber
(locus), salutaris (herba, ars), comb, sanus et
salvus; to be — in health, bond or prosperd
valetudine vti, bene valere ; = deep, of sleep,
alius, artus ; of knowledge, etc., aitus, accura-
tvt. Adv. sane, salve, intcgre, firme, robuste,
alte, arte, accurate, soundness, n. sanitas,
bona or firma or prospera valetudo (of health),
salus, -iitis (in gen.), of argument, qravitas.
sound, I. n. = noise, sonus, sonitus, -its, vox,
clamor, strepitus, - ft s, fremitus, -«s(= din) ; n high
— , sonus acutus ; deep — , sonus gravis ; soft — ,
sonus levis. II. v.tr. sonare (in gen.); to — a
trumpet, tubam inflare ; to — an alarm, tuba sig-
num dare ; to — a march, (rasa) conclamare; to —
a retreat, receptui canere or signum dare. III.
V.intr. sonare, sonitum edere,canere(ol trumpets).
sound, v.tr. = to test depth, perhaps tcntarc
quae sit allitudo (maris, finminis, etc.); fig. see
Examine.
sound, n. = strait, /return ; see Strait.
soup, n. jus.
sour, I. auj. acidns(= sharp), aecrbns, amdrus
(= bitter), acer; somewhat — , subacvlus ; to be — ,
ace re ; to turn — , ace sec re. Adv. acerbe, acide,
acriter, morose. II. v.tr. alqm exacerbate; see
Embitter, sourness, n. acerbitas, amaritudo
(lit. and fig.), morositas (fig.).
Source, n. fons, -ntis, m., caput ; to take its
— in, profiuere ex alqo loco, fig. fons, cuus(s)a,
principiitm, stirps ; see Fountain.
south, n. meridies, plaga (or rcgio) australis
or meridiana, pars mcridiana, regio in meridiem
spectans ; — wind, renins merirlianus, ventus
australis (opp. to ventus septentrionalis), ouster
(= the — wind properly) ; the — east, rcgio inter
ortwn brumalem et meridiem spectans; — -east
wind, euronolus ( = east), vulturnus(= —
east one-third — ); — western, inter occasum bru-
malem et meridiem spectans ; — west wind, ufrU
cus; ■ -west, inter meridiem ct occasum soils
spectans; west wind, libonotus (Plin.) ;
west west wind, subvesperus. southern,
adj. meridianus (in later writers meridionalis
or meridialis), in meridiem spectans, australis.
southwards, adv. in or ad meridiem.
southernwood, n, abrotonum (abrotonus).
sovereign, I. adj. sui juris, alii von sub-
jectus ; — remedy, remedivm ejjicacissimum. II.
n. rex, dominus, princeps, imperator, tyrannus.
sovereignty, n. sunvma rerum or imperii,
(summum) impcrium, dominatio, dominatus, -us,
principatus, -us, regnum, tyrannis, -idis, f. ; to
rise to the — , rerum potiri.
sow, i). sits.
SOW, v.tr. serere (lit. and fig.), semen spar-
gcre, seminare (from semen, = a seed) ; as you — ,
so shall you reap, ut sementem feceris, ita metes.
sower, n. salor. sowing, n. satio, satus, -us,
semenlis.
space, n. spatium, locus; fig., to give — to,
locum dare, indnlgere rei. spacious, adj. t spa-
tiosus, ampins, spaciousness, n. amplitudd.
spade, n. pala.
span, I. n. palmus (Plin.) ; the — of life,
exigua vitae brevitas ; the — of the arch was
20 ft., (u'Ciis viginti pales latus crat. II. v.tr.
jungere (e.g. flumen ponte, = to — the river).
spangle, I. n. bractea. II. v.tr. (bracteis)
distingucre.
spaniel, n. by canis.
spar, n. lap>is (-idis) specularis (= a atone,
Plin.).
sprvr, n. vectis, m. ; see Stake.
spar, v.intr. pugnis certare.
Spar, n. obex, vectis, in.
spare, v.tr. alci or old rei parcere.
spark, n. scintilla, igniculus; a — of hope,
spes exigua, specula, sparkle, v.intr. \scintil-
hire, fuigere, niter e ; see Glitter, sparkling,
n. nitor.
sparrow, n. p>asser, -eris, in.
spasm, n. sjxismus, spasma, -otis, n. (Plin.),
tetanus (of the neck), spasmodic, adj. by adv.
= by fits and starts, perhaps hand una tenore.
spatter, v.tr. a(d)spergire,
spawn, I. n. piscivm ova, -orum. II. v.tr.
Oi'tt gignere.
speak, v.intr. fari, loqui, dicere, sermocinari
(= to converse) ; to — Greek, Graced lingua vti,
Graece loqui; = to make a speech, dicere, loqui,
verba facerc, orationem habere contionari ; to —
of, alqm or alqd dicere, de alqd re, = to — about. ;
to — to, alqm affari, appellare, compellare, alloqit i ;
to — together, colloqui ; to — for, or to, some-
thing, testem esse alci rei ; to — for and against,
in ulramque partem disputare. speaker, n.
orator (= orator), qui dicit (= person speaking).
speaking, I. n. locutio, sermo. II. adj. (e.g.
a — likeness, vera alcjs imago), speech, n.
1, oratio ; the faculty of — , oratio (whence ratio
et oratio); 2, =a set — , oratio; contio (before
a popular assembly), speechless, a4j. see
Dumb.
spear, I. n. hasta; see Lance. II. v.tr.
hastd transfigere.
special, adj. praecipuus, eximius, egrcgius(=
excellent), proprius, peculiar is (= — to anyone
or anything), speciality, n. quod alci or alei
rei proprium est. specially, adv. praecipue,
eximie, egregie, imprimis (in primis), maxim',
prae ceteris, praesertim, valde, or by superl. (e.g.
— good, optimus).
spe
869
spo
specie, n. aurum or argent um signatum.
species, 11. genus, -iris, w., species; the huuiau
— , genus humamim, specific, I. adj. proprius,
peculiarly ; — charges, etc., singuli (—one by
one). II. n. sec Remedy
specify, v.tr. si(n)<jillatim enumcrare, de-
nature, specification, n. enumeratio.
specimen, n. specimen, documentum, exem-
jiZwwi.
specious, adj. having a fair appearance,
sj>eciosas, fucatus, simulatus (= feigned).
speck, n.macttZa(=aspot), labes,-is( — a stain),
xota (=a mark) ; = a fault, vitium. speckle,
v.tr. (eom)maculare, maculis idqtn conspergcre.
speckled, adj. maculis distinctus, maculatus.
spectacle, n. spectaculum. spectacles,
n. perhaps vitrea ad (oculorum) aciem adjuvan-
dum apta.
spectator, n. spectator.
spectre, n. see Ghost.
speculate, v.intr. 1, cogitare, quaerere, in-
quirers dc alqd re; see Inquire ; 2, in business,
quaestui servire. speculation, n. 1, cogitatio
(= thought) ; to be sunk in — , in cogitatione defix-
um esse ; scientitic — , rerum contemplatio ; phi-
losophical — , philosophia ; 2, — in business, ne-
gotium; to be absorbed in — , emendi et vendendi
quaestuet lucroduci. speculative, adj. e.g. phi-
losophy, philosophia contemplativa (Sen.), spe-
culator, n. qui quaestui servit, quaestuosus.
speech, n. see Speak.
speed, I. n. celeritas, velocitas, properatio,
festinatio. II. v.tr. see Prosper, speedy,
adj. celtr, velox, properus. speedily, adv. cito,
celeriter, velociter, propere, festinanter, festinans.
spell, I. n. incantamentum, carmen. II.
v.tr. syllabas lit(t)erarHin ordinare. spell-
bound, adj. defixus, stupens, slupefaclus. spell-
ing, n. ars lit't)erarum rede ordinandarwn.
spend, v.tr. pecuniam erogare (esp. of public
money), (in)sumere (in alqm rem), in alqd re
sumptum or impensam facere ; to — time, tempus,
diem, aetatem, etc., agere, degere, consumere, (con)-
terere (= to waste) ; to — the night, pcrnoctare ;
I spent three days with him, triduum cum eo
fui ; tig. to — oneself, alci rei deditum esse; to
— itself, see Abate, spendthrift, n. nepos.
spew, v.tr. (e)iwnere. spewing, n. vomitus,
-us.
sphere, n. sphaera, globus ; fig. = an office,
mu nus, -eris, n., officium (=duty); to keep in
one's own — , $e rerum suarum finibus contincrc.
spherical, adj. globosus.
sphinx, ii. sphinx, -ngis, f.
spice, I. n. condimentum (lit. and fig.) ; a —
of anything (e.g. of the Devil), nonnihil alcjs
rei. II. v.tr. aromatibus or uromatis condire.
spicy, adj. 1, (aromate) conditus; 2, fig. sedsus.
spider, n. aranea. spider's-web, n.
aranea (Plaut), texta aranea (Plin.).
spike, I. n. clavus (= nail), cuspis, -Idis, f.
(= head of a weapon). II.-v.tr. (e.g. cannon),
tormenta bellica clavis adaetis inutilia reddere.
spikenard, n. nardiis (Plin.).
spill, v.tr. effundere. spilling, n. ejfusio.
spin, I. v.tr. 1, Here, t stamina durcre, texcre
telam; 2, versare (= to turn), circumagere, in or-
bem agere. II. v.intr. circumagi. spinning,
n. use verb, spinner, n. qui or quae stamina
net. spindle, n. fusus.
spine, n. spina (properly = a thorn, then
the backbone), spinal, adj. qui (quae, quod)
ad spinavi pertiiiet,
spinster, u. innupta, virgo.
spiral, adj. tortuosusfota Hup); sir O.ookkd.
spire, n. turrit; a — uu a tower, perhaps
fastigium (= gable).
spirit, n. spirtrus, -fie (properly = breath or
air), = animation or vigour, spiritut, sanguis; =.
soul, animus, mens, spiritus, iiujcuiiim; a lofty
— , animus excelsus ; of little — , homo jiarvi
animi ; = the prevailing feeling, mens; = the
peculiar tone of thought, ingeniiim, natura; =
temper, disposition, animus, sludium, indoles,
-is, {., ingenium ; — of the age, horum temjtorum
or liujus aetatis ratio, or mores, -um, m. ; =
meaning, scntentia, voluntas; = strong drink,
vinum or liquor acrior; to understand the —
of a writer, mentem scriptoris asscqui ; a dis-
embodied — , animu ; the Holy — , *Spiritus
Sanctus or Saver; an evil — , daemon; the — s
of the departed, manes, -ium. spirited, adj.
animosus, generosus,fortis; sec Brave, spirit-
less, adj. ignavus, demisstts, fractus; = empty,
inanis; see Cowardly, spiritual, adj. (not sen-
suous) by the gen. animi or iugenii; — without
body, corpore carens, ab omiii conaelione mortali
segregatus; — mind, animus religiosus, pius erga
Deum; opp. to secular, * ecclcsiaalicus. Adv.
animo, mente ; = religiously, caste, religiose,
pure, pie. spiritualism, n. by credere animas
mortuorum cum hominibus communicare. spi-
ritualist, n. gin inter mortuos ac vivos com-
mercium esse putat. spirituality, n. animus
rerum divinarnm studiosus. spiritualities,
n. reditus ecclesiastici.
spit, n. (= utensil to roast meat on), veru.
spit, v.intr. (ex)spuere. spittle, n. see Saliva.
spite, I. n. odium occultum, simultas obscura,
malevoleutia, livor ; to have or show a — , sue-
censere alci, odium occultum gerere adversus alqm ;
in — of, adversus, or in with accus., or by cum
(e.g. ivit cum mancre Mi lireret), or by abl. abs.
(e.g. in — of the laws, legibus conteviptis). II.
v.tr. see Annoy, spiteful, adj. malignus,
malecolus, lividus. Adv. maligne, malevole.
splash, v.tr. a(d)spergcre.
spleen, n. lien, splen; fig. odium, livor, in-
vidia. splenetic, adj. 1, lienosus; 2, viale-
vol us, malignus.
splendid, adj. splendUhis, splendens, fulgens,
nitens, nitidus, (prae)clarus. Adv. splendide,
nitide, magnifice, ()>rae)clare. splendour, n.
splendor, fxdgor, nitor ; lit, and fig. apjxiratus,
■lis (= pomp).
splice, v.tr. partes inter se texire.
splint, n. canalis, ferulae (Cels.). splinter,
n. ossis fragmentum (of a bone), ligni assula or
fragmentum (of wood).
split, I. n. fissura (Plin.), scissura (Plin.).
II. v.tr. (dif)fiiuttre, scindcre. III. v.intr.
(difyindi, dissilire (= to leap apart).
spoil, I. n. praeda; the — of war, spolia,
■orum ; — taken from the person of an enemy,
exuviae. II. v.tr. 1, s}>oliare; see Plunder ; 2,
= to injure, corrumpcre; see Destroy ; 3, = to
indulge too much, nimis alci morigerari. spoil-
er, n. praetlator, sjxiliator. spoiling, spolia-
tion, n. spoliatio, expilatio, direptio.
spoke, n. (of a wheel), radius (rotae).
spondco, n. spondius (acil. ]**).
sponge, I. n. sjwiqia. II. v.tr. sjnngid ab-
stergere. sponge-cake, n. placenta, spongy^
adj. spongiosus (Plin.).
sponsor, n. sponsor.
spontaneous, adj. libens. Adv. ultro, sponte
(sua), suo motu. spontaneousness, spo*-
spo
870
sta
taneity, n. by arbitrium (e.g. quod alcjs arbi-
trio factum est).
spoon, n. cochlear (cochleare, cochlear ium,
Plin.), ligula (= ladle), spoonful, n. cochlear.
sport, I. n. 1, India (= game), = to hunting,
venatin; 2, = mockery, ludibrium; to make — of,
alci illudere ; see Mock. II. v. intr. ludcrc ; to —
about, lascivire. sportive, adj. lascivus(— play-
ful), jocosus (=jocose) ; see Playful, Jocose.
Adv. lascivc, jocose, sportivencss, n. lascivia,
jecus. sportsman, n. renator.
spot, I. n. 1, macula (lit. and tig.), nota (=
mark; also = disgrace) ; see Stain; 2, = place,
locus. II. v.tr. notare (lit.), maculate, inquinare
(fig.), spotless, adj. sine maculis, castus,
purus, sanctus, integer. Adv. sine maculis,
caste, pure, sancte, integre. spotted, adj.
maculosus.
spouse, n. maritus (the husband), uxor (the
wife), co(n)ji(iij; (the husband or the wife).
spoilt, I. n. os ; = pipe, fistula. II. v.intr.
etumpire, exsilire.
sprain, n. and v.tr. perhaps by convellere
(Col.), manure, serpere (fig.).
sprawl, v.intr. humi prostratum jaccre.
spray, n. of the sea, spuma (= foam).
spray, n. of a tree, perhaps virgula ; see
Bprio.
spread, I. v.tr. (ex)pandere (— to lay open),
explicare (=to unfold), extendere (= to stretch
out), stetnete (= to lay out or flat), spargers (= to
scatter), sercre, disseminare (= to sow seed broad-
cast), differre, (di)vulgarc (= to make common),
dilatare (=to stretch out). II. v.intr. patere,
extendi (lit.), percrebescSre, increbescere, (di)vulgari
(tig.), spreading, adj. tfatulus.
sprig, n. surculus, virgula.
sprightliness, n. alacritas (= eagerness),
facetiae, sal, -is, m. (=\vit); see Eac.erness,
Wit. sprightly, adj. alaccr, facetus, salsus.
spring, I. n. 1, = origin, origo, ortus, -us, foils,
'litis, in. (= source), principium, caus(s)a; =:
fountain, fons, scaturigo (rare) ; 2, = first season
of the year, ver, tempus vernum ; the — of life,
iniens aetas ; 3, = — in machinery, perhaps by
machinatio (e.g. machinatio quddammoveri, Cic).
II. v.intr. salire (= to leap); to — down, desil-
ire ; to — forward, prosilire ; to — from, to take
origin in, ex alqo or alqd re(e)nasci, (ex)oriri, pro-
ficisci ; to — out, prosilire, pro r umpire ; to —
up, crescirc (=to grow), surgcrc (= to rise, of
winds, etc.). III. v.tr. to — a leak, rimas age re ;
to — a mine, cunicuium igni explodcre. spring-
tide, n. acstus, -us, maximus.
sprinkle, v.tr. alqm alqd re spargcre, a(d)-
spergere, conspergete.
sprite, n. faunus (=■ faun), or nympha (=
nymph).
sprout, I. n. surculus ; see Shoot. II.
v.intr. germinarc (Plin.).
spruce, adj. comptus, bcllus, ornatus, concin-
nus, nitidus, tlegans. Adv. compte, belle, ornate,
ii.it ide, elegonter.
spur, I. n. ealcar (lit. and fig.). II. v.tr.
equo ealcaria subdire or equum calcaribus convi-
tare or stimulare.
spurious, adj. adultcrinus, falsus.
spurn, v.tr. fastidire, aspemari, repudiate;
to — with the foot ; see Kick.
spurt, I. v.intr. summd vi contendere. II.
U. nisus, -its; see Effort.
sputter, v.tr. spucre; to — out, balbutire
(=to stammer).
spy, I. n. explorator, speculator, emhsvrius.
II. v.intr. erplorare, spcculari.
squabble, I. n. rixa, altercatio. II. v.intr.
rixari.
squadron, n. cquitum tumna, ala ; — of
ships, classis.
squalid, adj. sordidns, squalidus, spurcus;
see Dirty.
squall, I, n. subita tempestas ; = crying, vu-
gitus, -us. II. v.intr. vagire.
squalor, squalidity, squalidness, n.
sordes, -is, (., usu. in pi., squalor, spurcitia, spur-
cities. Adv. sordide, squalide, spurce.
squander, v.tr. profundere, effundcrr, per-
dere, dissipare. squanderer, n. nepos, -<~>tis,m.
square, I. adj. quadratics. II. n. quadratum,
n. III. v.tr. quadrarc.
squash, v.tr. see Crush.
squat, I. v.intr. subsidcre. II. adj. habitu
corporis brevis at que obesus.
squeak, I. n. stridor. II, v.intr. slridere.
squeamish, adj. fastidiosus, delicatus.
squeamishness, n. fastidium.
squeeze, I. n. comprcssio. II. v.tr. pre-
mere, comprimcre ; to — out, exprimere.
squib, n. see Lampoon.
squint, v.intr. limis or perversis oculis esse,
limis spectare, slrabonem esse; to — at, limis
oculis intueri alqd or alqm.
squire, n. *armiger.
squirrel, n. sciurus (Plin.).
squirt, n. and v.tr. see Syringe.
stab, I. n. ictus, -its (=a blow), or minus,
-cris, sicd factum. II. v.tr. (con)fodere, or sled
or pugione ferirc, sicd conficere (= to slay by
stabbing, etc.). stabber, n. skarius.
Stable, I. adj. stabilis, firmus ; fig. constans,
propositi tcnax. II. n. stabulum (= stall, or in
pi.). III. v.tr. stabulare. stability, n. stabili-
tas, Jirmitas, constantia.
Stack, I. n. vieta (of hay), cumulus, acervus,
strues, -is, f. II. v.tr. annulare; see Pile.
staff, n. baculum, bacillum, scipio (carried
before officials), fustis, in. (= cudgel) ; an augur's
— , litu.ua; the — of a spear, hostile; shep-
lerd's — , pedum; herald's — , caduceus ; to lean
on a — , bacido inniti; — of officers, legati et
pracfecti et tribuni militum ; any other — .
(of assistants) socii, (= colleague's) adjutores,
ministri.
stag, n. cervus.
stage, n. 1. of a theatre, proscaeniitm, scaena
(lit. = the wall which closed the — behind) ; 2,
Ilg. scaena (e.g. to go upon the — , in scaenavi
prod ire) ; 3, = degree, gradus, -its; = part of a
journey, iter, itineris, n. stage-coach, n.
vchiculum publicum.
stagger, I. v.intr. litubare, vacillate, incertis
ire. pedibus. II. v.tr. animum movere, percutere.
staggers, n. vertigo.
stagnant, adj. 1, stagnans ; 2, fig. see
Slow, stagnate, v.intr. 1, fstagnare; 2,
perhaps hebescere, languere.
staid, adj. see Sober.
stain, I. n. 1, macula, labes, -is, dccoloratio
(the act); 2, fig. macula, labes, -is, f., nota
(= mark), dedecus, -oris, n. ; see Shame. II.
v.tr. 1, see Dye, Dirty ; 2, iig. maculate,
foedare, pollucrc; to — a reputation, olrjs exis-
timulionem violate, alcjs famae or alci notam
turpitudinis inurere, alqm infamid a(d)spcrgere ;
= to discolour, dccolorarc; —to dye, tiuycrc,
inficere, stainless, adj. punts; see Pun?:,
sta
871
ste
stair, n. gradus, -us ; a — case, sndae (scalis
habito tribns, = I dwell up three pair of — s).
stake, 1. 11. pains, stipes, -itis, m. ; ;is instru-
ment of punishment, palus(— — to which cri-
minals were bound ; where burning is implied,
better use igni inierficere); a — at play or gamb-
ling, pignus, -eris, n. (=a bet), quod ponihtr;
to be at — , agi, periclitari, ill discrimen adduci;
my honour is at — , fama agitur mea, II. v.tr.
(de)ponere.
stale, adj. vttus, dbsoUtus, exsoletus (= worn
out) ; to become — , obsolescent
stalk, I. n. caxdis (of a herb), caudee (of a
tree), scapus, admits (— green stalk), calamus
(= reed) ; see Stem. II. v.intr. (magnijicc)
incedere, t sjtatiari.
stall, I. n. slabulum; =a little simp, rx-
lerna ; =a scat in a choir, scite. II. v.tr.
slabularc.
stallion, n. (eguvs) aduiissuHus.
stamen, n. stamen.
stammer, I. v.intr. balbutire, Il.n.use verb.
stamp, I. n. note, signum, imago (impressa) ;
persons of that — , ejvsmodi homines ; tlie —
or blow of tlie foot, (jiedis) supplosio. II.
v.intr. pedibus calcare, pulsate, jiedem supplodcre.
III. v.tr. to — under foot, conculeare ; = to
mark, signare, nature, signum or notam impri-
tnere ; to — money, nummos signare or aiders.
stanch, v.tr. see Staunch.
stn.. I. n. mora (= delay), locits, statio (=
place for standing) ; = prop, statumen, udmiuicu-
lum ; = sideboard, etc., abacus; to come to
a — , subsistere ; to make a — against, resistere ;
to take a — , locum capers ; to be at a — , haercrc,
unimi pendere. II. v.intr. stare, consistere ; to
let a thing — , non movere alqd; it — s written,
Ut(tyris consign :tum est, legimus ; to — good, ob-
tine re ," to — against, ulci resistere; to — still,
guiescere; to — aside, rccedcre ; to — by anyone,
ulci udesse; to — fast, consistere ; to — for an
office, munus peters or ambire; to — good in
law, lege mlere; to — on ceremony, cum alqo
conciter sed haud familiaritcr agcre; not to —
on ceremony, cum alqo umieissime agere; to — in
the way, alei obstarc ; to — out, eminerc, promi-
tiere ; to — out to sea, vela dare ; to — up, surgere,
ei edit in stare, horrere(= to bristle) ; to — before
a person, ussurgcrc (or of several, eonsurgere)
ulci. III. v.tr. see Endure, standing, I.
adj. or part, slaus ; = lasting, diuturnus, per-
petuus; — erect, erect us ; — water, aqua stag-
nans; — camp, caslra stuliva ; — army, milites.
II. n. gradus, -us, locus, ordo ; see Rank; of
long — , vet us; of short — , recens. Stand-
Still, n. to be at a — , haererc.
standard, n. 1, = flag, vexillum; to raise a
— , vexillum. tollere; to hoist or displays — ,
vexillum proponerc; aquila (i.e. the eagle of the
legion) ; 2, = measure, regula, norma., stan-
dard-bearer, n. vexillarius, signifer, aquili/er.
stanza, n. versuum series.
staple, I. n. 1, emporium(= market) ; 2, see
Hook. II. adj. — commodities, by res alcjs
terras propriae.
Star, n. astrum,sidus,-eris, n.(= a collection of
— s, also = ctit rum), sign um (= a sign in the skies),
Stella; = a distinguished person, Cg. Africanus
sol alter, = a — of the first magnitude ; tlie — s
of the State, lamina civitatis ; = a critical sign
or mark, asterlscus (Gram.) J the — under which
one is born, sidus natalicium. star-gazer, n.
ustrvlogus (— interpreter of stars), starlight,
adj. sideribus illustris (Tac). Starry, adj.
Z-i.dVfvr, ustris distinetus el onialus,
starboard, adj. and n. latus nacis dextrum.
starch, n. amylum (Plin.).
stare, I. u. obtutus, -its. II. v.intr. obtutum
in re Jigcrc, conspiairi, inlet ri, tkuptrt (with
astonishment).
Stark, adj. rigeus (with cold) ; see Stikk.
starling, u. tturnus (I'liu.).
Start, I. n. \,snltus, -ii$(=jiiiup) ; by fits and
— s, Laud uno tenure; 2, see BBOIMNIKO, Com-
mexcement; 3, = setting our, prafectio; to get
the — of anything, atqm anlecetlire (lit.), «2'/m
snjierare (fig.). II. v.intr. 1, trepidare, expo-
veseerc ; 2, see Beuin ; 3, = to get out, )'/■
III. v.tr. iuitinm alcjs rei facers, idqd iustitnerc.
Startle, v.tr. (dim. of Start) alci metum in-
(j)iccre, ahpii improviso, dc imprvl'iso, imprudcii-
km or lucopiuantem opjtrimire, startling,
adj. miraudus, mirijicus.
starve, I. v.tr. fame or intdut nceare, con-
II. v.intr. fame or incdid uecari, con-
sumi.
state, I. n. l,sii'tus,-us,cundicio,locus, ra,for-
luiia; a good — , resseemidae ; a bad — , resudvi r-
sae ; 2, = rank, homo mci loci atque ordinis ; 3, =
a city or commonwealth, civitas, respublioa, rcg-
num, imperiitm; at the cost of the — , sumptu
publico; a maxim of — , ratio civilis ; a minister
of — , socius et administer rcipublicac gcrcn-
due; council of — , consilium publicum; 4, =
grandeur, cultus, oruatus, apparatus (all -us),
maguijicus. II. v.tr. narrare, pratdicari,
dicere, proJUeri, affirnuire, confirmure, asstverare.
stately, adj. of carriage, ereefu<(=iiprightX
nobilis (noble); of banquets, etc., laulus, mag-
nifies, stateliness, n. use adj. states-
man, n. vir reipublicae peritus. statesman-
ship, n. ars veipublicac regendnc. station,
I. n. 1, see Position; 2, see Rank. II. v.tr.
see Place, Sin. stationary, adj. slalivus
(stativa caslra), immobilis, imvtotus, quod nun
movetur, ileus, stationer, n. churturius (= a
paper-seller ; very late), stationery, u. see
Paper.
statistics, n. by res (singulae), (of details) ;
omnia (of information collectively).
statuerr.. staiua, simulacrum (= likeness),
signum, imago, statuary, n. see Sculptor,
Sculpture.
stature, n. statura; a man of low, etc., — ,
homo parvae, magnae, procerus stalurae.
statute, n. lex. statutable, adj. legitimus.
staunch, I. adj. firmus, solidus, bonus; a
— friend, amicus certus, fidus, fuhlis. II. v.tr.
sanguinem sistere, cohibere (Cels.).
Stay, I. v.tr. 1, = to prop, fulcire, julcire et
sustinere, statuminarc (by a post or beam), ad-
m iuiculari (as the vine is trained on supports); to
— yourself on, niti(orinniti)alqd re(inalqd re),in
alqd'inalqm); 2, = to stop, arrest, (dc)morari,dc-
tinere, cohibere ; sec Check. II. v.intr.= to abide
or tarry, commorari, mature, versari ; to — with,
apud alqd manere ; to - much anywhere, focmu
frequentarc. Stays, B. use mamillare (Mart.).
Stead, n. in — of, pro, loco, vice, in locum, in
vicem alcjs; in — of, etc., taiittftn abest, ut, etc.,
non modo non . . . sed elium ; in — of the consul,
pro consuls ; to bo in — of a father, pro pat re esse
alci, cum debcat or deberet (e.g. in— of going, he
did this, hoc facet, cum ire deberet).
steady, steadfast, adj. si<dnlis,firmus(\it.
and fig.), constans, gravis, fidus, fidclis (tig.).
Adv. fume, graviter, tirmiter, constanter, fide,
ridciiier. steadiness, steadfastness, n.
stabilitas, firmitas, constant ia, ■jraiiias, sobrutat
(in l'egard to drink).
ste
872
sto
steak, 11. offella, offvla; a beef—, offula
caruis bubulue.
steal, v.tr. furtum facere, furari, sum] hi
(siibr-), avertere, intercipere; to — out of the
city, dam se vrbe subducere ; to — over anyone
(of sleep, etc.), aUpn svbire. stealer, n. fur.
stealth, n. by — , furtim, dam. stealthy,
adj. furtivns (e.g. amor), dandestinus, occultus,
(edits. Adv. furtive, furtim, dam, occulte, tecte.
steam, I. n. vapor, ntdor (from anything
cooked), fiimns (= smoke). II. v.tr. vaporare.
steamboat, n. navis vi vapSris (nenue velis)
impulsa. steam-engine, n. machina vi im-
ports impulsa.
steed, n. equus.
steel, I. n. chalybs; — sword, ferrum. II.
v.tr. see Harden.
Steep, I. adj. praeruvtus, praeceps, arduus.
II. n. locus praeceps. III. v.tr. aqwl macerare
or mollire ; see Soak, steepness, n. use adj.
Steeple, n. turris (= tower), perhaps fasti-
gium turri superposition (for a — on a tower).
steeplechase, n. see Race.
Steer, v.tr. gubernare, regerc ; to — a ship,
navcm gubernare (so gubernare rcmpublicam).
Steerage, n. and adj. puppis (e.s;. — passen-
gers, qui in puppi vehuntur). steering, n.
gubernatio. Steersman, n. guberu'dor (so rei-
publicae), rector (tig.).
steer, n. = young bull, juvencus.
Stem, I. n. arboris slirps or truncus (of a
tree), eaulis, calamus (of a plant); = race, pro-
genies, stirps, prosapia, familia, genus, -iris, n.
II. v.tr. cohibere, sistere, cocrcere, rcprimere; to
— the tide, aestwn marinum sistere; to — the
sedition, sedit io nem sedare, compescere ; see also
Resist.
stench, n. foetor, putor (ante and post class.).
Step, I. n. = a stair, gradus, -us; = a pace,
gradus, pa-ssus, gressus, all -lis ; to take — s, agere,
aglre ct moliri, consilium capere ; extreme — ,
ultima experiri ; to keep — with, alcjs gradus
aeqvnre ; fig.varem esse alci ; — by — , gradatim,
pedetentim. II. v.intr. gradi, voder e; to — for-
wards, progredi, pergere ; to — over, transire, su-
po-are alqd. step-brother, n. fiKv* ntrici (on
the father's Bide),/tK«s )iorerc«e(on the motlier's).
step-daughter, n. privigna. step-father,
n. vilricus. step-mother, u. noverca. step-
sister, n.filia vitrici or novercae. stepson,
n. privignus.
stereotype, n. format lit(t)crarum fxae.
stereotyped, adj. tritns; see Trite.
sterile, adj. sterilis (lit. and fig.), ster-
ility, n. sterilitas (lit. and fig.).
sterling, adj. verus, bonus.
Stern, adj. t torvus, durus, srverus, austerus.
Adv. dure, duriter, severe. Sternness, n. seve-
ritas.
stern, n. puppis (= poop).
Stew, I. v.tr. camera (ignc lento) coquere.
II. n. euro ligne lento) coda.
steward, n. procurator, curator, dispensator,
administrator, villicus (of the farm); — of the
house, rerum domestiearwm curator, steward-
ship, n. cura, proeuratio, dispensaioris munus,
■iris, ii., ailininiitnitio.
Stiok, I. n. boculnm, baclllwn, radius (=
wand), virga (— rod), clava, fustis. -is(= cudgel),
pains. II. v.intr. 1, haertre, adhaerere, cohae-
r<Tc(= to — together); 2, tig. haerere, haesitare,
dubitare. III. v.tr. (nf)figvrc (= to — to), deft-
girt, praeflgerths: to — before), iiiflgere; see Stab.
Sticking-plaster, n. impfimtrum (Plin.).
Stickle, v.intr. svrnmo studio, in prod alqd in-
cumbcre. Stickler, n. qui summo studio in alqd
incumbiU sticky, adj. lentus, tenax.
Stiff, adj. rigidus, rigeus, durus; ■ — in cha-
racter, pertiiwx, inezorabilis, rigidus; in niau-
ncrs, perhaps rusticus, agrestis, parum comis ;
to be — , rigcre. Adv. rigide, dun, duriter,
pcrtinaciter, rigide, rustier, parum comiter.
stiffen, v.tr. durare, inditrare, rigidum facere.
stiffness, n. rigor, rigiditas (lit. and fig.),
rusticitas (fig.).
stifle, v.tr. 1, suffocare, spirilwn iiiterdudcrc;
2, tig. opprimire, er\s)tingucre.
stigma, n. nota. stigmatize, v.tr. notam
(turpitudinis) inurcre alci.
Stile, n. daustra, -orum (= barrier).
Still, I. adj. tranquillus, quietus, placidus,
sedatus, tacitus, silens, lenis (— gentle), immotus
(= motionless); — night, noxiacita; be — ,taccas,
tfiiaeso! quiescc! II. v.tr. sedare, reprimire, re-
stinguerc, e.i{s)tinguire, lenire, permulcere ; to —
hunger, fumcm cxplcre. III. Adv. 1, = up to
this time, adhuc, etiam, etiamnunc (or etiam-
num) ; 2, with com par. (e.g. — more), etiam
vxtgis ; = especially, praesertim; 3, see Never-
theless, stilling, n. scdatio. stillness, n.
sitcntium, tranquillitas, quies.
Still, n. * alembicum.
Stilts, n. grallae. stilted, adj. see Inflated.
stimulant, n. vinum (=wine). stimu-
late, v.tr. stimulate, excitare ; see Encourage.
stimulus, n. stimulus, incitamentum, irrita*
mentum (mostly in pi.), calcar (c=spur).
sting, I. n. aculeus ; the wound from a — ,
ictus, -us. II, v.tr. pungere (lit. and tig.),
aculeos infigere. Stinging, adj. mordens, mar-
dax, acerbus, aculeatus.
Stingy, adj. 2> a rcvs, scrdidus, tenax, malig-
nus. Adv. puree, sordide, maligne. stingi-
ness, n. parsimonia, tenacitas, malignitas ; see
Meanness.
stink, n. and v.intr. see Smell.
Stint, I. n. inopia ; see Need. II. v.tr. alqd
alci parce dare; alqm alqd re privare (= to
deprive of).
stipend, n. see Salary, stipendiary,
adj. mercenaries, stipendiarius.
stipulate, v.intr. stipidari,pacisci. stipu-
lation, n. stipulatio, pactum, condicio.
stir, I. n. motus, -iis, tvmv.ltus, -its, turba,
strepitus, -us ; to be in a — , moveri, agitari. II.
v.tr. (cor,i)movcre ; to — oneself, moveri. III.
v.intr. moveri, progredi; see Go, Advance.
Stirrup, n. perhaps lorum ad pedem, sus-
tinendum ex epkippio pendens. (The Romans
rode without stirrups, see Smith's "Dict.Antiq.,"
art. Ephippinm.)
Stitch, I. n. — in the side, lateris dolor.
II. v.tr. (con)suere.
Stock, I. n. (cirboris) truncus, stirps, stipes,
■ids, in. : — s for ship-building, navaiia, -ium
(= a dock) ; the — s (as instrument of punish-
ment), by pedicae (= fetters); a — or family,
gens, stirps ; descended from a noble — , claro or
honesto loco nahts ; = quantity, magna copia ;
— of money, ingens num(m)orum vis; — ■ dove,
palumbes, -is, m. and f. ; — jobber, argenta-
rius. II. v.tr. ivslrucrc ; see Provide. III.
adj. see Common, Trite. IV. adv. — still, im-
motus.
stockade, n. vallum.
Stocking, n. tibiale, -is, n. (Suet.).
stoic, adj. and n. stoi<-us. stoical, stoic-
ally, adj. and adv. stoico, ut aivnf, more,
stoicism, n, ratio stnicortnn
sto
873
str
stomach, I. n. 1, atomacliws; 2, = anger,
slomachus. II. v.tr. stomachari, alqd indigne
/feme, stomacher, n. mamillare (Mart.).
Stone, I. li. lapis, -idis, in., sax urn ; — in the
human body, calculus (Cels. ) ; — of fruit, nu-
cleus, sec Kernel ; precious — , gemma ; to
throw — s at, lavides con(j)ic5re in alqm; a —
breaker, lapicida, m. ; — quarry, lapicidinae ;
a — \s-throw, lapidis jactus, -lis. II. v.tr. lapi-
des in alqm con(j)iciire. Stoning, n. lapidutio.
Stony, adj. lapideus (of stone), saxeus, lajri-
dosus, sarosi<s(= abounding in stones), stony-
hearted, adj. durus,ferreus.
Stool, n. scabellum.
Stoop, v.intr. se inclinare, proclinare, se de-
mittere. stooping, I. n. corporis inclinatio.
II. adj. promts, inclinatus.
stop, I. v.intr. (con)sistere, resistere, sub-
sistere, gradum sistere (= to stay), in a place, alqo
(or iu alqo) loco, versari in alqo loco, morari ; = to
cease, ab alqd re cessare, alqd omit tire. II. v.tr.
sistere ; = to hinder, prohibcre, inhibere, coercere,
impedire ; a sedition, etc., ex(s)tinguere, com-
pescere ; = to block up, viam intercludere, a
bottle, etc., obturare, occliulcre ; = to punctuate,
■interpungerc (Sen.). III. n. imped imentum,
mora ; see Hindrance ; — (in printing), inter-
punchnu ; without — , sine mora, stoppage,
n. obstructio, impedimentitm, retentio (= holding
back), of the bowels, alvus a(d)stricla (Cels.).
stopper, n. ubturamentum (Plin.),
store, i. n. copia, magna vis, abundantui
(= plenty) ; to have a — , abundare, ajhtere re;
— of provisions, commeatus, -lis (for the army),
alimenta, -orum, annona ; — house, apotliica,
horrcum (= granary); — --room, cella promptu-
aria or penaria. II. v.tr. coacervare, reponere,
condere, instruere, ornare re ; to — yourself with,
sibi comparare alqd, providcre rci.
storey, n. tabulatio, tabulation.
Stork, ii. ciconia.
storm, I. n. tempestas, procella; fig. tempestas,
fluctus, -us ; = a violent attack, impetus, -us, vis;
a — cloud, nimbus. II. v.tr., e.g. urbem vi op-
pugnare, expugnare ; to take by — , vi capere.
XII. v.intr. furere, saevire; see Race, storm-
ing, I. n. expugnatio. II. adj. — party,
(miiitcs) ad urbem oppugnandammissi. stormy,
adj. 1, lit. turbidus, procellosus ; 2, tig. iratus
(= angry), tumulluosus. Adv. irate, turbidc.
story, n. res, narratio, narratiuncula, fubula
(= fable) ; to tell a — , narrare; =a falsehood,
mendacium; a — -teller, narrator, mendax (—
liar).
stout, adj. crassus, obesus (— fat), vastus,
ampltts (= large), fortis, constans, virilis, ralens,
validus, firmus, robitstus, potens (= strong); see
Fat, Strong. Adv. fortUer, constanter,acritcr,
pro virions suis, valide, robuste. stoutness,
n. 1, see Corpulence ; 2, see Couraoe, En-
durance.
stove, n. focus, caminvs.
stow, v.tr. see Store, stowage, n. locus.
Straddle, v.intr. variettre (ante and post
class.), straddling, adj. various.
Straggle, v.intr. vagctri, dcerrare, palari.
straight, I. adj. (di)ratus, ereetus (=np-
right); a— line, linea direeta; a — way, recta
via. II. adv. — way, recto ilinere, sttttim,
io nft sti in (— immediately), pmliuits (= both
— forward and immediately), straighten,
v.tr. corrigere (lit. and tig., in former sense
mostly ante and post class.), straightfor-
ward, adj. simplex; see Frank, Upright.
Strain, I. n. in/cntio, contentio (corporis,
28*
nervorum; opp. remissio); = tune, see Tune;
in this — , ita, sic (= thus), or by reh RehteiicO
(e.g. quae cum dixissrl, abiit, having spoken in
this — , lie went oli,. II. v.tr. (in)tendire, in-
ten-tare, contendere in or en/ alqd, contra abpn or
alqd ; — to sprain, see Sprain ; = to filter, see
Filter.
Strait, I. adj. artns (arctus), angustus, strut, is
(= bound up). II. n. frttvm ; the — of Gibraltar,
Jretnni Gaditanum ; — of Constantinople, Bos-
porus Thracius ; =a narrow path, viarum or
locorum or itineris angustioe ; = a difficulty,
angustiae ; — poverty, inopia, res dnrae or
angustae. Straiten, v.tr. in angustia-s ad-
duce re.
strand, I. n. litus, -oris, n., ripa, acta. II.
v.tr. navem vadis or litoribus illidcre or impiyi-
gere, in litus e(f)ici.
strange, adj. 1, = foreign, peregnnus, ex-
ternus, extents (= outward, the first, of persons
and things, opp. intestinus ; the second, of per-
sons, esp. with genles and nationes, as opp. to
socii), extraneus (— not belonging to the family),
advcnticius(= coming from abroad, opp. vernactt-
lus), barbarus(= not Roman) ; 2, = unversed in,
a stranger to, in alqd re pcregrinus or ulicnns,
hospes, or rud is ; — ■ in this city, ignarus hitjus
urbis ; 3, — unusual, insolUus, insolent, novus,
minis: that seems — to me, mirum hoc miki
videtur, miror, admiror hoc; 4, = not belong-
ing to one, alienus ; to fall into — hands,
in alienas manus incidcre ; 5, = unsuitable,
averse, alienus; to be — , alienum esse, ab-
horrere ab. Adv. minim in modum, varifice,
mirttbiliter, inusitate. strangeness, n. no-
vitas, insalentia, or by adj. stranger, n.
hospes, -His, in. (in gen.), externus (opp. civis),
aliiinigena, m. (opp. indigena), advena, m. and f.
(= incomer), barbarus.
strangle, v.tr. strangulare, laquco interi-
mere, gulam laquco frangerc.
strap, I. n. lorttm (of leather). II. v.tr.
loris (cou)stringcre (= to bandage).
stratagem, n. ars, dolus, consilium, astvs,
-us, iusidiue. strategic, adj. quod ad pru-
deutern ducem pcrtinet. Strategist, n. dux
prudens or peritus. strategy, ll. ars belli
gerendi.
Stratum, n. perhnps stratum as t.t., or by
ciiviimloc. (e.g. genus aliuil alci impositum).
Stratify, v.tr. perhaps by digerere, disponire.
Straw, I. n. stramentum. II. adj. stramen-
tkius. strawberry, n.fragum.
Stray, v.intr. (ab)errare, vagi, pali.
Streak, I. n. linen, nota (= mark). II. v.tr,
lincis or vuriis coloribus distinguere.
stream, I. n. flumen(= flowing water); down
the — , ftumine secundo ; up the — , fiumine
adverso. II. v.intr. Jluere, e fundi in rem; to
— together, undique convenire.
streamer, n. vexillum, signum.
street, n. via, vicus (= the street as running
between two lines of houses), platca (— the broad
open roads or promenades in a city), aitgiportus,
■us (= narrow crossways, streets, or alleys) ; a
public — , in contrast with the homes, was
called publicum; in publico (opp. to in privato;
= iu public, on the high road); to remain all
night in the — , jacfrc et pernoctare in publico.
strength, ii. l>i»(or in pi. rircs), nerri, rubur,
■id is, n.,i>pes (= resources), as passive quality, —
of resistance, firmitas ; to feel your — , sibi con-
fidere ; to have — in, multum valerc re, excellent
'in n. strengthen, I. v.tr. mrroborarc, (con)-
firman ; to -- yourself, se reflcere, II, v.intr. by
str
S?4
St'.
pass, cofroborari, etc. ; see also 1n< rease.
strengthened, adj. confirmatns. streng-
thening, n. confirmatio (e.g. perpetvac libertu-
tis, animi).
strenuous, adj. stremtvs (opp. iners, igna-
tms), impiger, acer ; see Active. Adv. strcnne,
impigre, aeriter. strenuousness, n. (y)navi-
tas, stud turn.
stress, n. rei momentum, vis, vis ct pondvs,
-eris, n. ; with — , cum vi, graviler; to lay — on,
alqd re niti or confidere, in re spem or fiduciam
ponerc ; — of weather, tempestus, procella.
stretch, I. v.tr. (?x)tendcre, contendere, in-
tendire ; to — forth or out, protendere, porrigere;
to — the iron under the hammer, ferrum produ-
ctive incude. II. v.intr. see Reach. III. n.
conlentio, intentio, nisits, -us (= effort); at a — ,
uno tenor e; — of land, campus, stretcher, n.
see Litter.
strew, v.tr. sternere (= to lay on the ground),
spargcre (= to scatter).
strict, adj. 1, = accurate, accvralus, dili-
gens ; to tell in — confidence, alqd aid in avraa
Uiccre; 2, severus, rigidvs; see Severe. Adv.
= truly, re vera, reapse ; — accurately, accurate,
dlligcnter; — severely, severe, rigide. strict-
ness, n. arm-ratio, diligentia, severitas; see
Beverity. stricture, n. animadversio, re-
preliensio ; see Blame.
stride, I. n. ingens gradus, -its. II. v.intr.
ingentes gradus ferre.
strife, n. certalio, ceitamen, contentio (in
gen.), disccptutiu, controversia, altercatio (== dis-
pute), juryium, rixa (= quarrel); — in a law-
suit, lis. strive, v.intr. (c)niti, coniti, conten-
dere, operant tin re, conari, studere, ul ; to — alter,
(copiiti, contendere ad alqd, (cx)pcterc, ajfevtare,
capture alqd, rei studere, seirui.ov perset/ui alqd ;
to — against, obniti, resistere; to — with or
against, conjtigere, concertare, striving, n.
see Effort ; — after, afcjs ajipelilio, contentio.
strike, v.tr. ferire, percutere, pulsare, verbe-
rare (= to lash), caedere ; to 1* struck, vapu-
lare; to — (as a clock), sonarc ; to — twelve,
horologium indicat horam dnodecimam ; to —
a flag or yield, milium demitt&re ; the lightning
— s, de atelo tangitur alqd ; to he struck blind,
captvm esse ocutis; to — a coin, cudere; see
Coin ; to — the mind, percutere, perccllcre (=|fco
shock) ; to — a bargain, paeisei; to — against,
alqd offendere, in alqd incurrere ; to — against
rocks (of a ship), suxis Midi, striking, adj.
see Remarkable.
string, I. u. linum, linea, filum, funiculus or
vinculum (=eord); — of leather, shoe — , cor-
rigia ; a bow — , nervus ; — of a dart, amentum ;
— of a musical instrument, chorda, nervus,
fides, -ittm. II. v.tr. to — an instrument, iyrae,
citharae, etc., nervos aptare ; to — together ; see
Bind, stringent, adj. see Severe.
strip, I. v.tr. spoliare, r.udare, denvdarc,
entire, nici vestem detrahire; to — a person of
his wealth, alqm opibus spoliare. II. n. pars;
— of paper, scidula cliartae; — of cloth, lacinia.
stripe, I. n. 1, see Streak ; 2, see Stroke.
II. v.tr. see Streak.
Stripling, n. adulescens.
stroke, I. n. 1, verber ; see Blow ; 2,
see Line; 3, of lightning, fulmcn ; 4, of for-
tune, etc., erentits, -its (felix = lucky, etc.); =
artifice, ars (e.g. a master , summa ars) ; to
put the finishing — to, alqd ad finem prrducere.
II. v.tr. alqm permulcere, demulcere.
stroll, I. n. wmbulatio. II, v.intr. ambit-
Ian; see Walk, Wander.
strong, adj. miens, rulidus, firm us. rnliiistus,
lacertosus, fortis ; to lie — (in influence), pollcre.
Compare Klruria tantuin jmllens terra marique,
Liv. ; pollen peennid, scientw, arrow, gratia,
nobilitute ; comb, potens pollensqve, Sail. ; a —
wind, rentus vehemens ; of arguments, gravis,
firmus; — memory, memoria {alcjs rei) tenax; u
— position, locus mum his. Adv. valide, ftrme,
firmiter, fortiter ; = very, vahlc or vehementer,
or by compound (e.g. moveri, = to be moved ;
cfftnmoveri, = to be — moved).
strophe, u. siroplia (late).
structure, n. aedificium, aedes, -is, t, opus,
-eris, n., monumentum (= a building), slructtvra
(= the kind of building; structura parietum,
structurae antiquac genus, Liv. ; also = the sub-
stance) ; fig. structura verborum or vocum; — of
a sentence, forma, ratio.
struggle, I. ii. luctatio; see Contention.
II. v.intr. Inctari ; to — with each other, Inctari
inter se; to — with the difficulty, Inctari cum
dijficultate ; see Contend, Fight.
strumpet, u. scorlum, merelrix.
Strut, v.intr. supcrbe incedere.
stubble, n. stipulate.
stubborn, adj. pertinax, pervicax, obstinatiiS,
contumax. Adv. pertinaoiter, pervicaciter, obsti-
nate, contumaciter, dbstinato animo. stubborn-
ness, n. piriinacia, pervicucia, contumacia, ub-
stinatio (usually of a good quality), obstinatus
animus.
stucco, n. see Flaster.
stud, I. n. bulla ; — button, fibula (= clasp) ;
= a number of horses, eipli, eqtiaria. II. v.tr.
alqd re distinguere.
study, I. n. studinm, stvdia, meditaiio
(= thought); = room for — , conclave. II. v.tr.
lit<t)cris studere, lil(t)crus truclure; to — some-
thing, aid rei studere, incumbere or operant
dare. Student, ii. alcjs rei studiosus. stu-
dio, n. conclave (pictoris, of a painter, etc.).
Studious, adj. lit{t)erarum studiosus, in studiis
literarum versatus. Adv. summo studio.
Stuff, I. n. materia, matcries; = baggage,
impedimenta, -orum, sarcinae ; household — , su-
pellex, -IcctiUs, f. ; kitchen — , eulinuria; — —
gown, etc., textile; as an exclamation, nugas!
gerrael II. v.tr. (re)fercire, replere; see Fill.
stuffing, n. fartum (Plin., of food), tomentuvt
(of cushions).
Stultify, v.tr. alqm stultitiac coargucre or
convinccrc.
stumble, v.intr. offendere. stumbling, n.
offensio ; to cause or he a — block to, esse offen-
sioni aid; things which are — blocks, quae
habent offensionem (Cic.).
Stump, n. cavdrx, stipes, -it is, truncus.
Stun, v.tr. 1, lit. perhaps alqm sensn pri-
vare ; 2, fig. obtundere, stiipefacere, perterrere,
percellerc. stunned, adj. 1, srnsn priratus;
2, fig. stupejactus.
stunt, v.tr. alcjs incrementum impedirc.
stupefy, v.tr. stupefacere, sopire, lorpomn
afferre,habetare ; to be stupcfied,to>pescere, st »/" *■
cere, torpere, stupere. stupefaction, n. stupor,
torpor.
stupendous, adj. ingens, immanis ; see
■WONDERFTL.
stupid, adj. slupidns, stolidus; see Foolish.
Adv. stupide, stolide. stupidity, n. stupiditus,
animus stolidus, or stupidus. stupor, n. stupor,
torpor.
stu
875
8UC
Sturdy, adj. 1, see Strong ; 2, see CONFI-
DENT.
sturgeon, n. acipenser.
stutter, v.intr. balbutire; see Stammer.
sty, n. torn, sidle.
style, I. ii.l, in gen. genus,-eris,\\., ratio,habi-
tu$, -its (of dress, etc.), mos(= custom) ; 2, in lan-
guage, dicendi or scribendi genus, orationisot ser-
monis genus, oratio, sermo, elocutio ; the — is tlie
man, qualis est ipscltomo, talis est ejus oratio. II.
v.tr. appellare; see Name, stylisli.adj. speciosus,
elegans, nitidus, lautus, magnificus. Adv. sped-
ose, eleganter, nitide, laute, magnifice. stylish-
ness, n. elegantia, magnificent ia, lautitia.
suave, adj. ur]ianus,blandus ; see Courteous.
suavity, n. urbanitas; see Courtesv.
subaltern, I. adj. infirioris loci. II. n.
perhaps subcenturio.
subcommissioner, n. procurator, vica-
Hits.
subdivide, v.tr. iterum dividers; seeDivmis.
subdivision, n. pars.
subdue, v.tr. in hnperium alcjs redlgere,
dicioni suae sub(j)iccre alqm, sui juris fucere,
subigere, domure.
subject, I. v.tr. suli(j)iccre ; to — yourself, se
imperio alcjs sub(j)icere; see also Expose. II.
n. 1, civi or regi subjectus, or by civ is ; 2, in
grammar or logic, subjection ; 3, = matter dis-
enssed, etc., res, quaestio, argument urn. III.
adj. imperio or dicioni alcjs subjectus, parens,
obnoxius alei; to be- — , esse in alcjs dicione; to
become — , sub alcjs iinperium cadere. subjec-
tion, n. seruitus, -litis, (.; to hold in — , alqm in
officio retinere, alqm. oppression tenure, subjec-
tive, adj., according to one's own view, e.g.
viewed — Iy to myself, meo quidem judicio ; so tuo
or ejus or eoruin quidem judicio ; as opposed to
objective, opinio, opp. to res. subjectivity,
n. quod in opinione constat, or quoad per liomi-
num judicium perspici potest.
subjoin, v.tr. sub(j)icerc, subjungere.
subjugate, v.tr. domare, in dicioncm suam
redlgere; see Subdue.
subjunctive, adj. — mood, modus suhjunc-
tivus or conjunctiinis (Gram., and in Quint, lig.).
sublime, adj. sublimis, Hiatus, excelsus; see
Lofty. Adv. sublime (usually lit.), elate, excelsc.
sublimity, n. sublimitas (Quint.), elatio, ex-
celsitas.
sublunary, adj. infra lunam positus.
submarine, adj. quod sub mart (position)
est.
submerge, v.tr. submergere. submer-
sion, n. use verb.
submit, v.tr. submittere ; submittere se alci,'
se alcjs imperio sub(j)icere, in alcjs potestatem w
se pennittere, alci cedcre or concedere, alci dare
manus. submission, n. obsequium (as act),
animus submissus (as slate). submissive,
adj. see OBEDIENT.
subordinate, I. adj. inferior, alci subjectus.
II. v.tr. 1, see Subdue; 2, to give an inferior
place to, alqd alci rei posthabere. subordina-
tion, n. 1, = obedience, obscquium, discipli)ia
(of soldiers) ; against — , contra morem obsequii ;
want of — among the soldiers, intemparantia
militum; see Obedience; 2, = placing below,
ulqil alci rei posthabere.
suborn, v.tr. siibornare.
subpoena, n. denunliatio testimonii.
subscribe, v.tr. subscribere; =to agree to,
oasentiri ; = to give one's name or support to,
uomen profiieri. subscriber, n. suoscriptor
(= one who writes under), qui se ah/d datumm
profitetur (to a charity, etc.). subscription,
n. subscriptio (=tliat which is written under),
sti}>s (= alms), collatio (= collection).
subsequent, m\j.(suli)sequens. Adv. jwsteu;
see Afterwards.
subserve, v.tr. alei subservire, alci esse
usui, auxilio esse alci, adjumeuto alci esse, alci
obtemperare. subservience, n. obtemperatio,
obsequiiou.
subside, v.intr. residere, cou.-iderc, rcmitti,
cadere (= to fall).
subsidy, n. subsidium, rcctigal, tributum
(=tax).
subsist, v.intr. subsistere, stare in re; to —
on, vesci (e.g. lacte et came, Sail.), subsist-
ence, n. rictus, -us, alimenta, -arum.
substance, n. nutura, corpus, -oris, n., res; =
property, res, buna, -urum. substantial, adj.
rents, solidus, gravis, vutgni moment i (= im-
portant), aliquid (e.g. — victory, aliquid vie-
toriae). Adv. 'magna ex parte, substantiate,
v.tr. see Prove, substantive, U. uomen.
(Gram.).
substitute, I. n. vicarivs. II. V.tr. alqm
in alterius locum substitutive, suffic£re(ot the elec-
tion of a magistrate as —). substitution, n.
use verb.
substruction, substructure, n. sub-
structio.
subterfuge, n. devertiexdum, lalebra, ars,
tergivcrsutio.
subterranean, adj. snblerraneus.
subtle, adj. subtilis, t tenuis (= tliiii, slen-
der); argutus, acutus ; see Clever, Cunning.
Adv. subtilitcr, tcnuitcr, urmtc, acute, subtle-
ty, n. 1, = fineness, tcnuitus, subtilitcts ; 2, of
intellect, etc., acics, acumen, subtilitas, captio.
subtleties, n. argutiae.
subtract, v.tr. deducere (e.g. addenda dedu-
cendoque videre quae reliqua summa Jiat). sub-
traction, n. by deducere.
suburb.'u. suburbium (very rare), sub-
urban, adj. suburbanus.
subvert, v.tr. subvertere. subversion, n.
cversio ; see Destruction.
succeed, v.intr. alci succcdcre ; so in locum
alcjs, in paternas opes; (also in time, uctas aetuti
succedit), alqm(sub)sequi ; ■=■ to have success, sue-
entire, bene, prospere, optime ccdere, eeenire. suc-
cess, n. cxitus, -us, bonus, res secundae, felicitas,
prosper itas, successus, -us. successful, adj.
felix, faustus, comb, fclix faustusque. Adv. fell-
citer, fauste, prospers, bene, ex scnientid. suc-
cession, n. successio (in office, etc.) ; = order,
scries, continuatio; in — , ex online, succes-
sive, adj. alii post alios, continuus. Adv.
(ex) online, in ordiuem, deinceps. successor,
11. successor.
succinct, adj.' brevis. Adv. breri, breviter.
SUCCOUr, I. n. aiixilium, subsidium. II.
v.tr. auxiliari alci,juvare alqm, auxilio alci esse
or venire alci, snicurrcrc ; see HELP.
succulent, adj. suiosus (Plin.), met (snort)
plains.
succumb, v.intr. succumbere ulci rei (e.g.
SOWIMO, senectuti, labori).
such, adj. pron, talis followed by qualis, ejus-
modi, ejus generis ut, etc. ; — is your courtesy,
quae tua est humanitas; nor am I — a fool, wee tain
sum stultus (Cic.) ; are you — a stranger as that
. . . ? adeone es hospes hujusce urbis ut . . . t
cue
876
sup
Si nn.t iisnmvs qui esse debem.vs(= if we .ire — as
We ought tn be) ; ride ml tun est ul e& liberalitate
utumur > [Hue prosit umicis, noceat nemini (= we
must take care to use — liberty as may benefit
our friends ami injure none).
suck, I. v.tr. slight, bibire(— to drink). II.
11. suctus, -lis (as act); to give — , mammam alci
pracbere, ml libera admittere (of animals), suck-
er, n. surcHiiis, jilanta. suckle, v.tr. mammam
a'ci dare or praebere. suckling, n. (infans)
lactens. suction, n. suctus, -us.
sudden, adj. mbttvs, repens, repentvn.ua, in-
opinatus, necopinattis. Adv. snbito, ex tempore,
inopinato, necapinato, improviso, tie improviso ;
to atlaek anyone — , opprimere imprudentem.
suddenness, n. use adj.
sue, v.tr. postulare, citare, litem alci inten-
dcre, jtnlieic alqm perseqni, in jus vocare (at law) ;
= to make suit for, ambire ; to — for an office,
ambire magistratum ; to — for the consulship,
petere consulutttm ; = to entreat, sol{l)icitare,
ejflagitare ; see Entreat, Beg; to — for pay-
ment, nomina cxigere.
suet, n. sebum (= tallow); beef — , sebum
boviltum (so avillum, etc.).
suffer, I. v.tr. pati, sufferre, perferre, tulerare,
sustincre (= to bear) ; = to permit, permittere,
sinere,cona>dere; see Allow, Permit; to — grief,
e dolore unimi luborure, angi animo ; to — loss,
detrimentum eapcre or pati; damnum, detrimen-
tum, or jactur am facer e ; to — shipwreck, iiimfra-
gium facer e ; to — pain, etc., dotnrcm accipere; to
— a disgrace, detiecus(in se) admittere (Caes.); to
— harm or inconvenience, alqo affici incommode ;
to — or undertake many labours, mnltos sttbire
or atlire labor es; I — for my rashness, dn poenas
lemcritatismeae (Cic). II. v.iutr. dolorem ferre
or pati, dolore affici, {ex)CTUCiari, poenas dare (as
punishment), laborare, aegrotare (= to be ill),
sufferance, n. patientia ; see Patience.
sufferer, n. aeger, aegrotatus (in illness), qui
alqd mtitur (in gen.). suffering, n. dolor
(=pain), miseria (= misery), res adrersae, casus,
-us, calamitas.
suffice, v.intr. sufficcre (e.g. -non svfficiebant
•rntri, nee. vires sufficere cuiquam) ; satis esse alci.
rei or with infln., svppeditare alci ad alqd.
sufficient, adj. satis, quantum satis est; it is
— , satis est (so satis superque est); — for, ad, e.g.
ad dicendum temporis satis habere, sufficiency,
n. quod satis est.
suffocate, v.tr. suffocare.
suffrage, n. mffragivm (alci, for anyone) ;
to give one's — , ferre suffragium. (= to vote), suf-
fragium inire ; = the right of — , suffragium.
suffuse, v.tr. snffundere.
sugar, n. saccharum or saccharon (Plin.) ; —
candy, saccharum crystallinum ; plum, cup-
(p)cdia, -orum.
suggest, v.tr. monere alqm alqd, or with ut,
snb(j)icere alqd alci; see Mention, sugges-
tion, n, admonitio, monitum, consilium, sug-
gestive, adj. qui (quae, quod) alqd repruesentat
(of what recalls something else) ; see Sug-
gest.
suicide, n. mors voluntaria ; to commit — ,
manus sibi inferre, sibi mortem or necem con-
sciscere.
Suit, I. n. 1, actio, lis, cmts(s)a ; see Action- ;
2, of clothes, vestis, I'estilus, -iis ; of cards, char-
toe or paginac cjusdem generis; 3, = petition,
rogatio ; in love, use verb Woo. II. v.tr. coii-
grucre; they — , bene Mis inter se convenit; or
by decet, convenit, impers. suitable, adj. con-
graens, idoneus, aptus, accommodatus, consent a-
juus, conveniens, all with ad and accus., etc.,
digitus with abl., or qui with subj. ; of fimp,
opportnnus; see Appropriate, suitableness,
n. congriientia, coiireiiientia, opj)ortunitas (of
time). Adv. congrueuter, idonee, apte, accom-
modate, convenienter, digne, opportune.
suite, n. 1, of persons, comitatus, -its, cmnitrs,
■u)u ; 2, of rooms, conclavia, -ium : see Room.
SUitor, li. 1, see CANDIDATE ; 2. see I.ovr.R.
sulky, sullen, adj. mnrosvs, contumax,
tetricus. Adv. morose, contnmuciter. sulkiness,
sullenness, n. morositas, eontumaciu.
sully, v.tr. maculare, iiupiinare.
sulphur, n. sulfur ; dipped in — , sidfuratus.
sultan, n. imperator Turcicus.
sultry, adj. aestuosus. sultriness, n. aes-
ius, -iis.
sum, I. n. summa ; of money, pecunia, once
in Cic. summa pecuniae ; for a large, small, etc.,
— , magni, parvi (pretii), magna, piano (preKo);
this is the — of what 1 have to say, haec summa
est. II. v.tr. summam facere, computare, ratio-
nan alcjs rei inire, ducere, of speech, etc., to —
up, breviter repetere. summary, I. n. see
Epitome. II. adj. 1, brevis; see Concise ; 2,
= hasty, arrogant, inconsitleratus, arrogates.
Adv. breviter, sine mora, inconsiderate, airo-
ganter.
summer, adj. and n. aestas, tempora, -nm,
aestira ; at the beginning of — , uestute ineunte ;
at the end of — , aestate extremd; — house, see
Arbour.
summersault, n. see Somersault.
summit, n. 1, cacumen (= peak), admen, ver-
tex, also by summus (e.g. summits mons); 2, tig.
admen, fasligium, or by summus (e.g. summa
gloria, = the — of glory).
summon, v.tr. 1, alqm appellare, citare, diem
alci dicere; see Cite; 2, in gen. (ad)vocare, con-
vocare, arccssere, citare ; to — to surrender, invi-
tare ad deditionem; to — up one's courage, ani-
mum colligcrc. summons, n. by verb or in
abl., arcessitu, accitu(=at the — of) ; as legal t.t.
use verb.
■ sumptuary, adj. sumptitarius. sump-
tuous, adj. sumptuosus (Cic); see Costly,
Magnificent. Adv. snmptnose. sumptuous-
ness, n. (inognus) apparatus, -its; see Magni-
ficence, Luxury.
sun, n. sol, -is, m. ; the rising — , sol oriens ;
setting — , sol occidens; rising, setting of the
— , ortus, -its, occasus, -us, selis ; from —rise to —
set, ah orto usque ad occidentem solem ; the — rises,
sol exoritur, dies appetit, or by impers. litcescit,
dilncescit, illucescit ; the — 's disk, orbis sol is.
sunbeam, n. radius solis. sunburnt, adj.
adnstus. Sunday, n. Dies Dominica (Eccl.).
sundial, n. solarium, sunrise, sunset,
n. see under Sun. sunshine, n. sol. sun-
ny, adj. 1, lit. aprlcus; 2, tig. hilaris, felix.
sunder, v.tr. separare, disjungire ; see
Sever.
sundry, adj. diversi, -ae, -a, plvres, non-
nulli.
sup, v.tr. sorbere ; = to take supper, cenare.
superable, adj. supcrabilis.
superabound, v.intr. superare, supercsse.
superannuate, v.tr. alqm loco suo sencc-
tutis causa movf.re, rude donari. super-
annuated, adj. ob senectutem muneribns ex-
solutus.
superb, adj. magnificus, lautvs ; see
Splendid.
supercilious, adj. superbus'= proud),/is(i-
sup
877
sur
diosus (= disdainful) ; sec Haughty, super-
ciliousness, 11. Justus, -us, superbia.
supererogation, n. quod alqs sponte sud
(iieqne officio coacttts) Jdcit (= work of — ).
superficial, adj. exterior, exlcrnus ; =
pom' or inconsiderable, lei'is, parvi moment i ; =
inaccurate, paruin diligeits. Adv. striclim,
Iceiier ; a man — learned, homo leviter lit(l)eris
imbutus. superficiality, n. levitas.
superficies, n. srtmm us with a noun ; supcrfi-
cies (aquae, testutlinis, roipnruut).
superfine, adj. subtllissimtis, tenuissimns
(= very line).
superfluous, adj. supervacaneus, snperva-
cults (mostly post Aug.) ; to be — , superesse.
superfluity, ll. quod super voxa ncum est.
superhuman, adj. dimnus, major quam
pro hoini.nc ; a — task, opus quod -ultra hominis
. vires est ; — size, humand specie amplior.
superintend, v.tr. alqd (pro)eurare, prae-
esse (dci or alci rei. superintendence, n.
(pro)i:urutio, administrate alcjs rei. superin-
tendent, n. qui rebus praeest; (pro)curator ;
see Agent.
superior, adj. superior, praestantior, me-
2tor(e.g. com]), of good) ; see Good, Excellent.
Superiority, n. prior locus, priores partes.
superlative, adj. mperlativus (grain.),
exeellens, praestans, praestantissimus, optimus
(e.g. superl. of good) ; see Good, Excellent.
supernal, adj. t supernus, caelestis ; see
Heavenly.
supernatural, adj. naturam superans,
supra naturae leges or vires positus, or by caelestis,
divinus ; to happen by — agency, dlvlnitus
fieri. Adv. dlvlnitus. supernaturalism, n.
ratio eorum qui divinitus de rebus divinis cdoctos
esse homines dicunt.
supernumerary, adj. in gen. justum nu-
inerum superans or exeellens; of soldiers, «('/)-
scriptiims, a(t.l)scripticius, accensus.
superscribe, v.tr. inscribere in alqd re.
superscription, n. inscriptio (also = the
title of a book).
supersede, v.tr. in locum edejs substitui,
alci succedere.
superstition, n. superstitio. supersti-
tious, adj. superstitiosus, superstilione imbutus,
superstitioni obnoxius. Adv. supcrstitiose.
superstructure, n, aedificium; see Build-
ing.
supervene, v.intr. see Follow, Succeed.
supervise, v.tr. (pro)curare ; see Superin-
tend, supervision, n. (pro)curatio.
supine, I. n. suplnum (gram.). II. adj. 1,
sitpinus (on the back); 2, = indolent, socors,
iieglegens. Adv. socorditcr, ncglegenter. SU-
pineness, u. soeordia, neglegcniia.
supper, n. cena.
supplant, v.tr. 1, lit. supplantarc ; 2, flg.
in alterius locum irrepcre.
supple, adj. mollis, flexibilis, lentus.
supplement, n. supplementum (quite class,
only of — to troops), in gen. id quod additum
est.
suppliant, adj. and n. supplex. suppli-
cate, v.tr. supplicare, obsecrare alqm. sup-
plication, n. supplicatio (only of formally de-
creed state — ), obsecratio.
supply, I. v.tr. supplcre, suppeditare ( = to
furnisli); see Furnish. II. n. subsidium, sup-
plementum (of troops) ; in gen. copia, --"ppedi-
tatio; — of provisions, commeqtus, -us
support, I. v.tr. 1, = to bear up, sustirurt,
ferre, fulcire ; see Prop ; 2, = to keep, to feed,
etc., (dire, sustinere, sustcntarc (quite class, in
this sense); 3, = to help, idei adesse; see Help ;
4, at an election, alci sujlragari (= to vote for),
in wider sense, alci favcre. II. n. 1, lit. see
Prop; 2, = maintenance, tustentatio (as act),
alimentum, vietits, -us (= food, etc.) ; 3, — help,
udjumentum, auxilium; see Help; 4, at an elec-
tion, snfiragiitm, in wider sense, fator. sup-
porter, n. adjutur ; at an election, suffragator,
in wider sense, /alitor; see Helper, Partisan.
suppose, v.tr. ponerc ( = to lay down),
opinari, opiuione praecipire; — it is so, pone or
fac ita esse, eslo ; — the soul to die, fac auimaw.
inter ire; I — lie is drunk, ebrius est, ut opinor ;
see also Believe, Imagine, Think. sup-
posing that, conj. fac ita esse ; see above.
Supposition, 11. opinio, conjectura. BUpv ■-
sititious, adj. subditus.
suppress, v.tr. supprimere, rqrrimerc, abo-
lere ; to — sedition, rcstiugucre seditioncm. sup-
pression, n. use verb.
suppurate, v.intr. suvpurare. suppura-
tion, ii. suppuratio (Plin.J.
supreme, adj. svpremus, summns; the —
Being, lh us, Optimus. Maximus. supremacy,
n. prilwApatUS, -its (in gen.), rcgnum (= king-
ship), impcrium (= supreme power), dominatus,
■us, dominatio (= lordship) ; see Power. Adv.
praecipuc, maxime.
sure, adj. ccrtus(=z certain), tutus(= safe), se-
en r us (= free from apprehension), fir nuts (= trust-
worthy), fldllis(== faithful); it is — , constat; I am
— , certoscio ; who is — of it? quiscst ctti crjtlora-
tum sit > to be — , lie had the rods, faxes eerie
latbebat ; are you — of it?- satin hoc cerium,
persuasion est vobis, cxploratum or covipertum
habetis; I am — ,compertum est viihi. Adv. certe,
certo (= certainly), nimirttm, prafedo, or more
strongly im(m)o (enim)vero (= really), saltern (=
at least), surety, n. VUS, -die, in., praes, -dis,
in., sponsor (of a person), vudimouium (= money
given as bail).
surf, n. see Foam, Wave.
surface, n. superficies (Plin.), or by summits
with nous os.g. — of water, summa aqua).
surfeit, I. n. satietas, faslidium (lit. and
fig.), comb, satietus et Jastidiwn, crapula(-= —
after a debauch); —too much food, nimius
cibus. II. v.tr. l,fastidium alci alcjs rei movere;
to — oneself, se ingurgitate; 2, fig. sntutre,
saturare.
surge, I. n. Audits, -num. II. v.intr. flue-
tuare, lit. and tig.
surgery, n. chintrgia (Cels). surgeon,
n. chirurgus, vulnerum medicus (Plin.).
surly, adj. morosvs ; see Ill-tempered. Adv.
morose, surliness, n. morositas.
surmise, I. n. conjectura, praesagium (/«»-
pesiotis J'uturac, vuilorum). II. v.tr. suspicuri.
angururi, praesugire.
surmount, v.tr. transeendere (lit.), supemre
(lit. and tig.), surmountable, adj. {ex)su-
perabilis.
surname, n. cognomen (as Cicero in Man its
Tnltlus Cicero); lie has a — , al<i cognomen
Flac'co or Capitoni est.
surpass, n. alci or alqm antccellere, cxccllcre,
alqnt (acjsuperare, alqm or alci praestarc (lit-
and lig.).
surplice, n. testis sacerdotalis.
Surplus, II. rel(l)iqttum, quotl sv]>ercst.
surprise, I. n. (adpniratio; of p. sudden
attack, subita incursio, ailventus, -iis, repentinus.
sur
878
sym
XL v.tr. alqyi necopinantem opprlmtre, alqm de
proviso excipire ; see also Astonish. sur-
prising, adj. see Wonderful.
surrender, I, v.tr. se dare, se dederc in
alcjs Jidem, se traderc. II. n. deditio; to make
a — , (pppidi) deditinntm. hosti or ad hostem
facere, in dediiioneni venire Cso alqm, in dedi-
tionemaccipcre); = giving np, aditio.
surreptitious, adj. furtivus, subrepticvus
(Plant.). Adv. furtive, furtim, dam.
surrogate, n. vicarius.
surround, v.tr. ciroumdare (e.g. erercitum
castris, brachia eollo, alqd alqd re, regio cir-
cumdata insulis, Cic. ; amiculo circvmdatns) ;
cirevmvenire, circumcludire, cirmmvallare (in a
siege) ; fig. alcjs pueritiam robore cireumthtre.
survey, I. v.tr. spectare, contemplari, con-
siderare, intueri, intueri et contemplari, contueri
(with fixed attention), oeulis collitstrare or perlus-
trare (= to — carefully, to go over), (in)visere(=
to look closely at, esp. things which interest us),
perspicere (= to look at in all its parts), contueri
perspicereque, circiimspicere(— to look all round a
thing) ; to — hastily, oeulis percurrerc ; to — in
mind, contemplari animo or animo et cogitatione,
considerare secum in animo, or merely contem-
plari or considerare, contemplari et considerare ;
(per)!uslrare animo or mente animoque, circitm-
spicere mente, expendere, perpendere( = to weigh) ;
= to measure land, agrum metiri. II. n. con-
templalio, observatio, conspectus, -its ; see View.
surveyor, u. (of land) decempedator, metaior.
survive, v.intr. superstition esse, survival,
n. use verl>. survivor, u. supcrstes, -itis.
Susceptible, adj. ca;*w(e.g. capax amieitiae,
animxts ad praecepta capax), inclinatus, promts,
proclivis (mostly in bad sense), ad alqd, comb.
inclinatus et promts, susceptibility, n. use
adj.
suspect, I. v.tr. suspicari (alqd de o.lqo, alqm),
8U$picere(usu. in past part.). II. n. alci suspectus.
suspicion, n, susplcio. suspicious, adj.
suspiciosus (= causing suspicion and ready to
suspect). Adv. suspwiose (= in a way to excite
suspicion); = with suspicion, use adj. or curi-
osus (= inquisitive).
suspend, v.tr. suspenders (ui&iiR t&gno,
columbam nb alqo main, alqd collo or e collo
or in collo); to — oneself, se suspenders; =
to interrupt, delay, differre : to — anyone from
office, alqm alqo Ion, (snbymovere. sus-
pense, n. dubitatio, haesitatio; to be in — , in
dnbio esse, animo fluctuare. suspension, n.
dilalio (= delay) ; — of hostilities, indutiae.
sustain, v.tr. sustinire (= to support, agcr
hominum quinque millia sustinere potest, Cic.) ;
re frumentariA ali et sustineri; see SurroRT.
sustenance, n. alimentum, virtus, -its.
sutler, n. lixa.
swaddle, v.tr. faeciis involucre, swad-
dling-bands, n. fasciae.
swagger, V.intr. gloriari, scjactare.
swain, n. agrestis, rusticus, colonns.
swallow, n. kirundo.
swallow, v.tr. sorbcrc (tig. t odiq, alqd
animo), (de)rora re (lit. and tig.).
swamp, I. n. palus, -fidis, ullgo; — s, ;«/»s-
tria, -turn. II. v.tr. (de) ire, immergcre.
swampy, adj. jxdusler, -tris, -ire, and palus-
tris, -e, unginosus.
swan, n. cygnus.
sward, n. see Grass.
swarm, I. n. convcntus,-iis,frequentia; — of
bees, exv.men, agmen apium. II, v.intr. con-
ftuere ; to — as bees, cxaminare (Col.) ; see As-
semble.
swarthy, &dj. fuscus, fur vus, adustus.
sway, I. n. imperium, dominatio, dominium,
dicio. II. v.tr. regere, imperare, imqwriuih
habere or excrcere ; see Rule.
swear, v.tr. and intr. jurare, jusjurandum
jurare or dare ; to — falsely, falsum jurare (an
oath I do not think binding), pejerare, pcrju-
rare. swearing, n. exsecrationcs, maledida,
■orum.
sweat, I. n. sudor. II. v.intr. and tr. sit/lure.
sweep, I. v.tr. 1, verrere; 2, tig., see Exam-
ine. II. v.intr. to — along, verrcrc, percurrcre.
sweeper, n. qui scopis converrit. sweep-
ings, n. quisquiliae, -arum, f.
sweet, adj. dulcis (= — to the taste, e.g.
dulcior melle, Ov.), suavis (= agreeable to the
smell, e.g. odor suavis et jitenndus), jucundus,
blandus(= pleasant). Adv. dulciter, dulce, sue-
viter, jucunde, blande ; to taste — , dulci esse
sapore. sweeten, v.tr. duleem reddire.
sweetheart, n. deliciae. sweetness, n.
dulcedo, dulcitudo, suavitas, jucunditas.
swell, I. v.intr. (in)tumescere, turgescerc, cres-
ccrc,augeri(=: to increase) ; to be swollen, tumere.
II. v.tr. inflare (e.g. spent alcjs influrc), iume-
fo.cere; to — the sails, vela tenderc. swelling,
n. tumor, struma (= scrofulous — ), tuber (Plin.,
both natural, as hump on camel, and of disease),
panus (Plin.), scirrhoma, -citis, n. (Plin.).
swerve, v.intr. declinare de or a (a proposito,
a malts, opp. appetere bona).
swift, adj. citus, properus ( = making haste,
hurrying), velox (= brisk, fast ; e.g. pedites veto-
cissimi), celer ( = active, expeditious), pemix ( =
brisk), olacer ( = sprightly). Adv. cito, citato
gradu, celeriter, rapide, perniciter. swiftness,
n. celeritas, rapiditas, velocilas, pemicitas.
swill, v.tr. ingurgitare (se, se vino; so tig.
se in Jlagitia).
swim, v.intr. nare, natare; to — over, tranarc.
swimmer, n. natator, nandi peritus. swim-
ming, n. natatio, ars natandi, scientia natandi.
swindle, v.tr. fraudare (alqm pecunid).
swindler, n. fraudator. swindling, n.
fraudatio.
swine, n. sus, parens (= pig) ; — herd, sub-
tthus, suarius (Plin.).
swing, I. v.tr. agitare, uibrare, jactare. II.
v.intr. agitari, vibrari, jactari. III. n. funi-
culus quo se jactat alqs. swinging, n. use
verb.
switch, n. virga, vimen.
swoon, v.intr. and n. animo linqui; see
Faint.
swoop, I. n. impetus, -its. II. v.intr. to —
upon, impetum in alqm or alqd facere.
sword, n. gladius, ensis (mostly used in
poetry), aclnaces (—a Persian — ) ; to have a —
atjone's side, glodio svecinctum, esse ; to draw the
— , gladium(e vagina) educcre ; to sheathe the — ,
gladium in vaginam recondere; to put to the — ,
interjicerc ; see Kill.
sycophant, n. delator (Tac. ; = an accusi r),
assentator, adulator (■= a flatterer), syco-
phancy, n. sycophantia, assentatio, advlalio.
syllable, n. syUdba.
syllogism, n. syllogismus, ratiocinatio (Sen.),
syllogistic, adj. syllogisticus (Quint.).
sylvan, adj. Silvester.
symbol, n. symbolum, signum, imago; see
Sign, symbolic, adj. by circnmloc. (e.g. quod
nem alcjs reifit).
sym
879
tak
symmetry, n. symmetrla, proportio, con-
gntenlla, aequalitas; —of the limbs, apla mem-
ororum compositio; — in style, eoncinnitas.
symmetrical, adj. par, similis, aequalis, con-
gruens. . Ailv. pariter, similiter, congruenter,
aequaliter.
sympathy, 11. 1, = attraction or bodies, etc.,
tymputkia (= agreement among things, iu Cic.
always written as Greek avfiwdd^ia), consensus,
-i<s, or coiuvrdia rerun; 2, as mental feeling,
suoUtas (e.g. laetitia cum alqo, with anyone's
joy), (mining dolore, laetitid, etc., alcjs affectus.
sympathetic, adj. and adv. dolore or lae-
titid alcjs affectus. sympathize, v.intr. una
ganders ct dolere, eadem sentire.
symphony, u. symphonia.
symptom, n. alcjs morbi nota or indicium
or siguum.
synagogue, n. synagoga (Eccl.).
synchronism, n. aequalitas temporum.
syncope, n. see Faint.
syndicate, n. societas; see Company.
synod, n. sy nodus (EceK).
synonym, n. vocabidum idem significans or
declarans. synonymous, adj. idem signifi-
cans or declarans.
synopsis, n. synojisis (Jet.); see Epitome.
syntax, n. syntaxis (Gram.), orationis con-
structio.verborum quasi structure/,, syntacti-
cal, adj. quod ad orationis constructionem per-
tinet.
syringe, I. n. sipho (Suet.). II. v.tr. per
siphuuem in(j)icere.
syrup, n. potio dulcis.
system, n. formula or descriptiu (e.g. philoso-
phic, reipublicae), institute/, praecepta, -orum(=
ru les). systematic, adj. ad artem redactus, per-
petuis praeceptis ordinatus. Adv. ordinate, (ex)
online, composite, systematize, v.tr. in
artem redigere; seo Ahka^oe.
T.
tabby, adj. maculosus; see also Grey.
tabernacle, n. 1, see Tent, Habitation;
2, lahcrnaculum (Eccl.).
table, n. 1, tabula (= a board for various pur-
poses, e.g. -with an account, a will, a law, etc.,
written upon it ; a list of things to be sold by
auction, and which were written on boards, and
hung outside the stalls of money-changers) ; 2,
= an article of furniture, mensa (— — for holding
dishes and for other purposes ; then meton., the
contents of the dishes, the fare, meal, e.g. the
Emperor's — , -mensa principle), monopodium
(ixoi'onoSioi', = a — with only one foot of ivory,
generally made of the wood of the citrus of
Africa); to set or lay the — , mensam (ap)ponere ;
to sit down at — , accubare; to rise, get up from
— , surge re a cend ; at — , apud mensam, super
mensam, inter cenam, super cenam, inter epidas;
S, ~ fare, cena, victus, -us ; agood — , lauta caw,
lautus victus; a bad—, tenuis victus; for general
arrangement of — at feasts, see Smith "Diet
Antiq.," art. Triclinium ; at the head of the — ,
medius (=the middle position, medius seems
to have been the highest); above or below
anyone, supra, infra alqm ; foot of the — , pes
ruensac ; — cover, — cloth, linteum in mensd
ponendvm or positum ; —-linen, viappa (— —
napkin) ; _ service, vasa, -orum ; — talk,
Met, tabula ; — of laws, hnis or
kgitm tabula ; 5, tin- Lord's — , ' mini;
see Sacrament, Buppek, Communion, Altab ; 6
= many particulars, Index, table -landi n."
planities magna ct cditn. tableau, n. see Pic-
ture, tablet, n. tabi/la, tabella (also = voting
— ), «ra(= smeared with wax), ne»(of bronze),
pttgillares, -ii/m (Plin.), codicilli (= — consisting
of several leaves, a kind of memorandum-book).
tabular, adj. =set down in tables, ;wr in-
dices expositus; to give a — view of anything,
per indices crponcrc alqd.
tacit, adj. tacitus (both of persons and of
things); see Secret. Adv. tacite. taciturn,
adj. taciturnus. taciturnity, n. tacit urnitas.
tack, I. n. 1, =a small nail, clavulus ; see
Nail; 2, = plan, consilium, ratio ; to try a
fresh — , novum, consilium experiri. II. v.tr. see
Nail. III. v.intr. navem. flectere. tackle,
n. for fishing, instrument//, piscatoria, -orum.
tackling, n, armamenta, -orum, n. ; see
Rigging.
tact, n. dexteritas ; see Cleverness, Talent.
tactics, n. pi. res militaris. tactician, n.
rei militaris perilus.
tadpole, n. ranunculus.
taffeta,. taffety, n. pannus seria/s.
tail, u. cavda ; to wag the — , caudam movere;
— of a comet, stcllae crines, -ium.
tailor, n. sartor.
taint, I, v.tr. 1, in gen., imbuere alqd re; 2,
= to impregnate with something obnoxious,
cor, umpire, inquinare; vitiare (tig.; e.g. corn,
frumenlum). II. v.intr. corrumpi, vitiarl (e.g.
the atmosphere, aurae ; meat, fruit), pulrcscire
(= to become bad). III. n. 1, = tincture, color
(e.g. veritalis, urbanitatis, antiquitatis), fucus
(e.g. alcjs rei fuco illltus, tinctus), species (e.g.
aid rei sjveies imponire, Inducire) ; 2, contagio
(lit. ami tig.) ; see Corruption, tainted, adj.
vitiatus, or by putrescere.
take, I. v.tr. sumcre (=to — anything in
order to make use of it), caplre (= to lay hold of,
to seize ; then to — possession of anythiug in
order to keep it ; hence = to storm, e.g. a town),
rapere (= tv seize quickly), arripire (= to — up,
to snatch away), accipere (= to accept, receive),
tollcre (to — up, to lift up, in order to — a thing
away from its former place), (deypromcre (= to — ,
fetch anything from a place where it had been
kept hitherto), auferre (=to have carried away,
— n up, away), eripere (=to — by force), expug-
nare (= to storm, always with tho idea of the
victory being obtained after resistance) ; not to
— anything, alqd non accipere, deprecari (e.g.
manus) ; to — anyone on one side, alqm secrrlum
adduccre ; to — money from one (i.e. a person is
bribed), pecuniam ab alqo accipere; to — from,
= to quote, transferre; this passage I have — n
verbally from Dicsearchus, istum ego locum toti-
dem verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli; to — , lay
hold of anyone, alqm medium arripire (=to put
one's arm round anyone's waist and hold him
fast) ; to — anyone round the neck, in alcjs
collum invadere (=to embraeo him) ; to — anyone
in custody, alqm comprchendfrre ; =to receive,
rccipcre in alqd (e.g. in ontinem sanatorium), assn-
mere in alqd (e.g. in socictatem) ; to — anyone
in, into one's house, alqm ad at or ad M domum,
or simply alqm domvm si/am recipfre ; = to
accept, claim from anyone, acdpirt ab alqo, )x>s-
cere ab alqo; to — anythiug or anyone to, for,
as (i.e. to fabricate anything from a material),
faccre or fingcre or eflngtre or cxprimcre alqd ex
alqd re ; anyone as, for (i.e. to appoint), alqm,
with the accus. of the office to which anyone is
elected (e.g. ulqm arbitruvi, alqm impercUorem);
tal
880
tap
sumere, accipere, eligere, habere; to — back again,
reduce re; to partake of, sumere (something to
eat or to drink, e.g. cibum potionemque), potare
or bibere(=to drink, e.g. medicamentum), accipere
(when it i.s given); to — jf= to understand) the
word (term) i" various meanings, vcrbum inplu-
res partes accipere; — n as a whole, omnino, or by
nniversus; to — iu good part, in bonam partem
accipere, belle ferre, boni or aequi bonique facere ;
to — it ill, amiss, in malam partem accipere, uegre
(or grainier or inoleste or indigne) ferre, male
interpretari ; to — anyone's part, ad ulcjs partes
transire, sequi alqm, facere cum alqo ; to — to be
true, as such, ponere (=to state), sumere (=to —
for granted, admit, in speech, in a disputation),
velle, with accus. and iufln. (= to bo of opinion,
to mean) ; to — for certain, sumf.re or habire or
putare pro certo, fingere, facere (the foregoing
two = to suppose, to — a case) ; to — away, alqd
alci auferre, eripere ; to — down (in writing),
lit(t)eris consignare, lil(t)eris mandare, scripturd
persequi ; to — off, alqd alci or cilci rei or ex alqd
re dctrahere (e.g. tegumentum humeris); to —
oneself off, furtim degredi, clam se subducere
(secretly), se abripere, se proripere (quickly) ; to
— out, eximere. out of, alci rei, de or ex alqd re
(out of a place), excipere de or ex (= to — away
from a place), promere ex (e.g. arrows out of the
quiver, money out of the public treasury, medi-
cine out of a box, etc.), educcre ex; fig. = to select,
excerpcre ex, etc. (e.g. verba ex oratiouibus) ; to —
up, tollere ; to — upon oneself, sub ire (anything
dangerous), in se recipire (= to — the responsi-
bility for anything). II. v.intr. to — to, se con-
ferre, concelire alqo (— to retreat) ; to — to
books, lit(t)eris sludere, urgere alqd (e.g. studia,
-■ eagerly to be engaged in) ; see Apfly, Re-
sort, Like ; to — after, see Imitate, Resemble ;
to — up with, satis habere, contention esse alqd re
(= to be contented with), acquiescire in alqd re.
taking, n. expugnatio (of a city).
tale, n. narratio (= the act of telling, and
the — itself), historia (= narrative), vicmoria
(= recorded event), expositio (= exposition, de-
scription ; concise, circumcisa ; 6hort, brevis),
fabella (= a short fable, brief tale, or story).
tale-bearer, n. delator (= informer), syco-
phanta m. (= sycophant) tell, I. v.tr. (c)aar-
rare alqd alci, referre (= to report), (com!)-
memorare (=: to mention), dicere (= to say),
enumerate (=to recount), prodere (memoriae),
posteris traders, scriptum rei inquire (= to hand
down to posterity, of historians), olr.js rei aucto-
rem esse (= to vouch for the truth), exponere, ex-
plicare (= to describe), persequi (from beginning
to end) ; = to count, numentrc. II. v.intr. =
to have effect, valere; a telling speech, etc., oratio
gravis, teller, n. 1, = anyone who tells any-
thing, narrator, auctor rerum gestarum ; 2,=
one who numbers, gvA alqas res numeral.
talent, n. 1, = a weight and a coin, talentum ;
2, = mental faculties, ingeuinm (= natural gift),
indoles, -is (= — s in a moral sense, insomuch
as they may be improved by dint of exertion,
etc.), virtus, -fitis, f. (= cleverness, skill), comb.
ingeninni et virtus, facultas (= power, capability
of doing a thing), more clearly defined ingenii
facultas ; who has — , ingeniosus, eximii ingenii,
magna ingenio praeditus. talented, ad.j. a
very — man, a great genius, homo ingeniosus,
homo eximii ingenii ; to be — , ingenio abundare,
incredibili magnitudine consilii atque ingenii
esse.
talisman, n. amulitum (Plin.).
talk, I. v.intr. familiarly, of several, sermo-
cinari ; together, loqui or colloqui inter se, (enn)-
fabulari (mostly ante class.) ; to — nonsense,
garrire (=to — too much, familiarly and in a
contemptuous sense), blaterare (=to — un-
ceasingly, making many words about nothing),
(h)ariolari (like a soothsayer), alucinari (with-
out thinking), nugari (= to — foolery ; all these
generally in a transitive sense, with accus.) ;
to — over, see Discuss. II. n. = familiar
conversation, sermo, colloquium, scrmonis cum
alqo communicntio ; foolish — , gerrae, nngae,
ineptiae. talkative, adj. garniltts, lotpmx.
Adv. loquaciter. talkativeness, n. gamtli-
tas, loquacitas. talker, n. (homo) gamdus or
loquax.
tall, adj. of a man, longus (opp. brevis), pro-
cerus, procerd staturd, (ex)celsus; a — man, homo
magni corporis, homo grandis, homo staturd pro-
cerd. tallness, n. proccritas, or by adjs.
tallow, n. sebum; a — candle, scbaceus (late).
tally, v.intr. convenire alci rei; see Fit,
Suit.
Talmud, n. * Talnudum.
talon, n. unguis.
tamarisk, n. tamdrix (Col.),
tambourine, n. tympanum.
tame, I. adj. 1, cin<r (by nature, of animals),
mansuetus, mansuefactiis (= tractable, of animals
and of men), placidus(= mild, gentle, peaceable, 1
of men and of animals), mitis (= meek, who easily
yields, of men and animals); to grow — , man-
suesccre, mansuefieri, mitescere (opp. feritotem
servare) ; 2, fig. demissus, abjectus, ignavus (e.g.
animus); of language, etc., jejunus, frigidus.
Adv. demisse, abjecte, ignave, jejune, frigide.
II. v.tr. mansuefacere, mansnetum face re or red-
dire, domare(= to subdue wild beasts and tribes ;
then also fig. passions), frangere (lit. = to break ;
then tig. = to break, weaken the strength, force,
of a person or passions), frenare (lit. = to bridle ;
hence fig. = to curb, rule passions), rcfre-
nare (lit. = to check with the bridle ; thence fig.
to restrain persons and passions, e.g. juventu-
tern), coercere (fig. = to keep within bounds, per-
sons and passions, e.g. jnventuteni), comprimere,
repriMeri (lit. =to press together or back, repress;
fig. forcibly to restrain passions), compesci,re( = not
to allow to become too strong, to check, quere-
las), moderuri alci rei (tig. = to moderate), placi-
dum reddere (= to make gentle, men and beasts),
mitem reddere (= to soften), mitem reddere et
mansuetnm (= to make tractable, the two fore-
going of men), delenire (= to soothe, to gain,
e.g. alqm argento, plebeni munere). tamencss,
n. by adjs. and verbs, tamer, n. domitor,
fern, domitrix. taming, n. domitus, -us (of
animals).
tamper, v.intr. see Meddle ; = to tempt,
so!(l)icitare.
tan, I. n. cortex coriarius. II. v.tr. to —
skins, subig&re, depsere ( = to knead, work any-
thing well till it is soft), confeere (= to get up,
ready) ; to — (of the sun), colorare. tanner,
n. coriarius (Plin.).
tangent, n. linca circulum contingens.
tangible, adj. fig. quod manu tenere possu-
mus, quod maivu tenetur or prehenditur, tractabilis.
tangle, I. v.tr. see Entangle. II. n. nexus,
-us, nodus.
tank, n. see Reservoir.
tantalize, v.tr. see T"jase.
tantamount, adj. as regards the quantity,
totidem ; as regards the value, tantidem, tantun-
dem ; see Same.
tap, I. n. = a light blow, plaga levis. II.
v.intr. leoiter ferire.
tap, I. n. of a cask, obturamentum (Plin.,
tap
881
tea
= stopper). II. v.tr. (vinum, etc.) de dolio pro-
mere, dolium relinere (= to take the pitch off).
taphouse, n. taberna.
tape, 11. see Ribbon.
taper, n. cereus.
tapestry, n. pictura acu facta, stragulum
pictum or aulaeum, velum (— curtain).
tapis, ii. to brins on or upon the — , by
cmnmemorare alqd, mentionem alcjs rei facire, in
medium prof er re.
tar, n. pix liquida (Plin.).
tardy, adj. tardus, lentus. Adv. larde, lentc.
tardiness, n. tarditas.
tare, n. a vetch, vicia.
target, n. 1, see Shield ; 2, a — to shoot
at, scopos, -i (Suet.).
tariff, n. formirfa (ex qua portoria [— harbour
dues, etc.] exiguntur).
tarnish, I. v.tr. 1, lit. inguinale; see Stain ;
2, hg. inquinare, obsevrare ; to — one's honour,
nomini or decori ojjkcrc. II. v.intr. of metals,
inquinari.
tarpaulin, n. linteum pice munition.
tarry, v.intr. cunctari (from fear), ccssare
(from idleness), morari, commorari, morum facire
(when one ought to proceed), teryiversari (—
to try to evade, make evasions), comb, cunc-
tari et tergiversari, dubitare (when one is un-
decided), haesitare (from timidity, perplexity,
or on account of difficulties, to hesitate) ; we
must not — , nulla mora est, maturato 02)us est
(= no time is to be lost) ; without — iug, sine
mora, propere, festinantcr.
tart, n. scriblita, crustulum.
tart, adj. 1, of the taste; see Sour; 2, of
the temper, acerbic, amarus, morosus, stonuxcho-
sus. Adv. see Sourly ; acerbe, morose, stoma-
■chose. tartness, n. 1, see Sourness ; 2, acer-
bitas, morositas, stomachus.
tartar, n. in chemistry, * tartdrus ; salt of
— , * sid tartari.
task, I. n. == what is imposed by another,
pensum (lit. of women spinning wool, then iu
gen.), opus, -iris, n. (=work); it is a difficult — ,
res mugua est; = lesson, pensum, see, however,
Lesson ; to take anyone to — on account of,
rationem alcjs rei ab alqo (re)petere or repesccre.
II. v.tr. pensum alci dare or imponere ; to —
oneself with, alqd faciendum sibi propomre.
task-master, n. operis exactor.
tassel, n. perhaps fimbriae (= fringe).
taste, I. v.tr. = to try by eating a little,
gvxtatu expfware, gustare (=to take a little of
anything ; then lig. to become acquainted with,
e.g. suavitatem vitlae), of anything, (de)gustare
alqd, gustare de alqd re (a little oil' the top ;
then lig. to — the pleasures of anything, e.g.
degustare vitam, honorem); to — first, before,
* fpruegustare (lit), (de)libare alqd (lit. and fig.).
II. v.intr. sapere, alqo sapore esse ; to — like, of,
sapere or resipere alqd (lit.), redoiere alqd (lig.,
e.g. of the school, doctrinam, Cic.) ; bitter,
amaro esse sapore; pleasant, jucunde sapere.
III. n. 1, objectively, lit. as quality of things,
sapor ; anything loses its — , alcjs rei sapor non
permanet ; fig., e.g. good — , elegantia (e.g. in a
poem) ; bad — , insulsitas; 2, subjectively, lit.
the ability to — , gustatus, -us, guslus, -lis (how-
ever, Cic. only uses gustatus, mostly post
class.); = sense of beauty, delighting iu that
which really is beautiful, gustatus, for, alcjs
rei (Cic), elegantia (— refined — for what is
fine, inasmuch as it shows itself by the out-
ward appearance), venustas (= grace in any-
one; Plin.), judicium (^judgment in matters of
— ), intellcgentia (of one who is a great judge
in matters of — ), also aures, -ium, and comb.
«»its et judicium alcjs (as far as the — depends
uiioii the ear, e.g. alcjs or temporis auribus accom-
modatus) ; a good, correct, refined — , eleguntia
(in gen.), subtile or ex<puisitum or politum judi-
cium ( = acute judgment), judicium intellegens (of
a connoisseur); without — , homo parum elegans ;
with — , scite ; commode (e.g. to dauce, saltare),
scienter (e.g. tibiis cuntare); according to iny
— , tiuanluin ego sapio, quantum eoruidtrnjudiatrt
possum, tasteful, adj. pvlitus (= refined, eg.
judgment, letter, man), elegant, venustus [ —
graceful ; both the foregoing of persons and
things). Adv. polite, elegantcr, venuste. taste-
less, adj. 1, lit. nihil vapidus (of wine, Col.),
sine sapore ; anything is — , alcjs rei sapor nul-
his est; 2, fig. inelegans, insidsns, infacetus
(infio) ; see Hude. Adv. ineleganter, insuhe,
injud-tc (iujic-). tastclessncss.i). 1, lit. cui
nullus sapor est ; 2, fig. insulsitas.
tatter, n. pannus ; see Rag. tattered,
adj. panwjsus.
tattle, I. v.tr. garrire. II. n. sermunculus
(rare), or perhaps sermo stultus. tattler, n.
homo gumdus.
tattoo, v.tr. notis compungere.
taunt, I. v.tr. alqd or de ol<i<< re alci ob(j)i-
cere, conviciari, cavillari atqm(— to satirize). II.
n. convicium; sec Invective, taunting, adj.
contumUiosus. Adv. contumeliose.
tautology, n. ejusdem verbi aut sermonis
iteratio (Quint.), tautological, adj. idem,
verbum aut eundem sermonem iterans.
tavern, n. caupona. tavern-keeper, n.
caupo.
tawdry, adj. speciosior quam decet (=too
showy) ; see also Vulgar.
tawny, adj. fulvus.
tax, I. n. vectigal, tributum ; to lay on a — ,
vectigal, tributum imponire alci and alci rei,
tributum indicere alci; to collect a — , vectigalia
(etc.) exigere ; to exempt from a — , tributis vindi-
care alqm, tributis liberare alqm ; exempt from a
— -, immznis tributorem, in the context immunU
(opp. vectigalis). II. v.tr. tributum (= income
— or poll — )or vectigal (= property — ) imponere
alci or alci rei ; to — every individual, tributa in
singula capita imponere. taxable, adj. vecti-
galis. taxation, u. tributorum in singula
capita distribute, tax-gatherer, a. vecti-
galium exactor.
tea, n. the plant, *thea (Linn. ; necessary
as t.t., not class.).
teach, v.tr. anything, (e)docere (in gen., also
= to show, explain, prove), praecipes, pratctpAa
dare de alqd re (— to give precepts), tradere (= to
lecture upon, to — , e.g. history, the rules of an
art, etc.), profiteri (= to profess, to — publicly
what we profess), ostendere, declurare (= to show,
declare) ; to — anyone, alqm instituere, instrucre,
erudire, (eydocere alqm ahid or dc re, instituere,
erudirc alqm alqd re, in alqd re, tradere alci alqd
(see before), imbuere alqm alqd re. teachable,
adj. i;i(i (quae) docPri potest, docilis. teach-
ableness, n. docilitas. teacher, n. doctor,
magister (— muster, in reference to the influence,
authority which ho has over his pupils), j»roe-
center (giving instruction, Cic), a uclor(ufo'« rei),
explicator ahjs rei (of one who explains), pro-
fessor (= a public—, Quint., Suet.), ludimagister,
or as two words, ludi magister (= schoolmaster,
principal of a school), comb, magister atque
doctor, praeceptor et uwgistcr, dux et magister.
teaching, n. doctrina, eruditio, inslitutio,
disciplina, professio (= public — }.
tea
882
ten
team, n. jugwn.
■ tear, n. laerima, fieins, -fis (= weeping, con-
stant Mowing of — s); with many — s, cum or
nun sine multis lacrimis, magno (ctim) fletn ; to
shed — s, lacrimas effundlre or profimdcre, Incri-
mare, flere (= to weep), tearful, adj. lacri-
vmns, Iicrimosus, flebilis. Adv. fleblliter, multis
cum lacrimis, magna (aim) Jletu. tearless,
adj. siccus (e.g. eyes), sine lacrimis.
tear, I. v.tr. to — into pieces, (di)scindere,
conscindere (very rare), concerperc, discerpere, (di)-
laniare, (di)lacerare (— to lacerate), vellere, eruere
(e.g. oculos, = to — up by the roots), convellere,
divellere (= to — in pieces), distraherc, differre (=
to — in different directions), diri}iere, aipere (=
to — away from, alqd alci ; see Seize) ; to be torn
by passion, etc., differri, dislrahi, or by special
vjrb(e.g. to be torn by anguish, angui; by appre-
hension, SOl(J)icitnm esse) ; = to — down, rescin-
dire; to — open, resignare (= to — open a letter),
rescindereQit. and lig.), diripere, dirumpere(=to
break in two, forcibly). II. v.intr. see Hurry,
Rush.
tease, v.tr. alqmfatigare (= to plague), vexare
(= to worry), negotinm alci facessCre, alqm alqd
re (e.g. rogitundo), obtundire.
teasel, n. dipsacus (dipsaeos, riin.).
teat, n. mamma.
technical, adj. a — term, artis vocabulum,
vocabiilum apud artifices v.sitatnm ; — terms, lan-
guage, terminology, vocabula quae in qudque
arte versuntur ; Zeno and the Peripatetics differ
merely in their new — terms, inter Zenonem et
Peripateticos nihil praeter verborum novitatem
interest, technicality, n. use adj. tech-
nology, n. ars officinarum.
tedious, adj. longns, longinquus (of what
lasts long and hence becomes troublesome), mo-
lestus, taedii plentis (= wearying), lentus (— slow ;
of a war, lentvm et dint urn ma) ; it would be — ,
longnm est ; not to be — , ne longns sim. Adv.
moleste, lente, enm taedio. tediousness, n.
of anything, molrstiit, quo.m (or taedium quod)
alqd alci "ffert.
teem, v.intr. turgcre (=to swell); to begin to
— , turgesccrc ; plenum esse alcjs rei (e.g. succi,
as a human body, Ter.), distentum csl alqd re
(— to Ik; extended as it were through anything,
e.g. forte, as an udder) ; see Abound, teem-
ing', adj. see Fruitful.
teethe, v.intr. dentin (Plin.) ; see Tooth.
teetotal, etc. vino exempli caus(s)& (se) absti-
nere; see Abstain, Abstinence.
telegraph.n. a.st.t.telegrap7ium quoddicitur.
telescope, n. * lelescopium.
tell, v.tr. see under Tale.
temerity, n. temeriti s.
temper, I. v.tr. temperare (lit. and fig.); to
— with anything, alqd alqd re miscere (lit. and
fig.); see Mix. II. n. 1, = character, ingeni-
nm (= peculiar disposition of the mind), natura
(of the body, of the mind), animus (= character);
2, = anger, ira, iraevndia; to be hi a — , irasci,
iracundum esse, temperament, n. tempera-
tio; scoTempkr, Disposition, temperance,
ii. continent in (= abstaining), temperantia (=
being moderate in the enjoyment of sensual plea-
sure, both in 0}>j>. t'j libido, libidines), moderatio,
modest i", frugalitas (— moderation), abstinen-
tia (= abstinence from anything), temperate,
adj. temperans, temperatus, continent (— moderate
in the enjoyment of anything), comb, moderates
ac temperatus, temperatus moderahtsque, contin n s
ck temperans, moderatus, modestus (= moderate),
sobrius(= sober), /hiflrt(=frngal), abstinent (=ab-
•tinr-nt), abstlmius (—abstemious); of climate,
temperatus. Adv. temperanter, temperate, con-
tinentcr, moderate, modestc, sbbrie, frvgaliter.
temperateness, n. temperantia; see Tem-
perance, temperature, n. temperatw (= the
blending of — , so, mild — , ueris, caeli, etc.),
tem]Kl'ies (e.g. of the atmosphere, aeris), or by
caelum (e.g. salubrc, serennvi, or with noun, caeli
dementia, elc). tempered, adj. good-—,
mills; ill-—, morosus.
tempest, n. tempestas (== unfavourable wea-
ther, boisterous weather in general, storm on
the land and on the sea ; then also fig.), procella
(= hurricane, storm on the sea; also fig. of
storms in a State) ; a — arises, tempestas (or pro-
cclla) venit or oritur or cooritur ; a — threatens,
tempestas (or procella) imminet or impendet,
alci (lit. and fig.), tempestuous, adj.
procellosus (lit.), turbidus, turbulentus (lit. and
lig.), violcntus (lit., e.g. weather, tempestas ; then
fig. = violent, e.g. attack, impetus; character,
ingenium; homo), vehemens(= vehement, violent,
having a high degree of inward strength, e.g.
vent us ; then of man = passionate). Adv. pro-
cell ose (lit.), tvrbide, turbulente, violenter, vche-
menter. tempestuousness, n. violent ia (e.g.
venti, maris); then = roughness, boisterous
manners, vehcmenlia.
templar, n. * (eques) templarvus, -is, f.
temple, n. aedes sacra (of a god ; aedes alone
can only be said if the genit. of the deity is
added, or if it is sufficiently clear from the con-
text), templum, J'anum, delubrum, aedicida,
sacrarium (= shrine); in poetry sometimes the
name of a god stands for his — (e.g. Jupiter,
Vesta), sacellum (surrounded with a wall and con-
taining an altar ; used as a place of refuge).
temples, n. (part of the head) tempora, -urn.
temporal, adj. = pertaining to this life,
externus (referring to the world without), hit-
mantis (referring to a man and man's destiny ;
terrains and terrcster, Eccl.) ; — affairs, res
externae ; — things, treasures, fortunae, res fit-
mil iaris, opes, -vm, f. ; — welfare, hujus vitae
felicitas; if opposed to " spiritual," pro/anus
(opp. sacer), in grain., — augment, augmentum
temporale. temporality, n. res externa.
temporary, adj. temporarvus (very rare be-
fore Aug.), temporalis, better by ad or in tempus.
temporarily, adv. ml or in tempus (=for the
time being), temporize, v.intr. temporibus
inservire.
tempt, v.tr. anyone, alqm (at)tentare, alcjs S.
sentenliam tentare (= to sound anyone, what his
opinion is;, so(l)licitare alqm or edejs animmn (=
to try to persuade anyone to do a certain tiling,
e.g. pretio or peennid), alqm ad or in alqd in-
vitnrc, illicere, pellicere, allicere, vocare, addu-
cere or inducere. temptation, n. tentatio
(— the act of trying anyone or a tiling), so(i)-
licitatio (= the act of tempting anyone to,
etc.), corruptelarum illecebrae (= allurements
wherewith to tempt anyone); to lead anyone
into — , alqm in aiscrimen vocare or adducere,
alqm sol(l)icitare, pellicere. tempter, n. ten-
tator (Hor., and Eccl. of the Devil).
t -11, adj. decern ; deni, -ae, -a (= — each, also =
— it once) ; containing — , denarius ; the num-
ber — , decussis ; — o'clock, hora quarto ; of —
years, decennis (Plin.); — times, decie{n)s (also
= as in English, I have told you — times, decies
dixi). tenth, adj. dedmus.
tenable, adj. quod tencri potest.
tenacious, adj. tenax alcjs rei (lit. and fig.,
mostly poet, and in jiost-Aug. prose) ; see Firm.
Adv. tenaciter. tenaciousness, tenacity,
n. ■< naeitas.
. tenant, I. n. conductor, incola, in. and t'.. loui-
tea
883
tha
tutor (in gen.), inquilinus (of a house). II. v.tr.
see Inhabit, tenancy, n. alcjs rei conducendac
conditio, tenantry, a. use pi. of Tenant, or
clientes, -ium.
tend, v.tr. curare, colore.
tend, v.intr. 1, =to go, tenders ; see Go ; 2,
= to relate, ad alqd pertinere, spectare, tenders.
tendency, n. inclinatio, proclivitas ad alqm,
st ud iii in alcjs rei ; see Inclination, tender,
v.tr. unci n. see OFFER.
tender, adj. tener, mollis, delicalus (= deli-
cate), misericors (= — hearted), amans (— affec-
tionate), indulgent (= indulgent). Adv. molliter,
delicate, comb, delicate no molliter, induhjenter.
tenderness, n. 1, = softness, etc., teneritas,
moll it ia (mollitics); 2, = affection, indulgentia,
amor.
tendon, u. nervus (Cels.).
tendril, n. clauicula, caulis, pampinus, m.
and f. (of a vine), viticula (Plin.).
tenement, n. see House.
tenet, n. praeceptum, placitum, decretum; the
s, disciplim, ratio (Stoieorum, etc.).
tennis, n. pila. tennis-court, n. locus
quo pila luditur.
tenour, n. tenor (= uninterrupted course,
e.g. vitae, consulates), sententia (= meaning) ;
see Meaning.
tense, n. tempos, -oris, n. (Gram.).
tension, n. intentio.
tent, n. tentorium, tabernaeulum (often = a
lint), contubcriiium ; general's — , practorium;
to pitch a — , tabernaeulum collocare, ponere, con-
stituere.
tentacle, u. corniculum (in gen., Plin.).
tentative, adj. and adv. experientia, pro-
balio, lentatio (e.g. tentatione usus), or by verb
qui (quae, quod) tentat.
tenterhooks, n. to be on — , ex(s)pectatione
awji.
tenuity, n. see Thinness.
tenure, n. possessio or possidere.
tepid, adj. tepidus, tepens; to become -, te-
pescere ; to be — , tepere; to make — , tcpefaccre.
Adv. tepide (Plin.). tepidness, n. tepor (also
tig. = lukewarmness, e.g. in writings ; Tac).
tergiversation, n. tergiversatio.
term. I. n. 1, see Limit, Boundary; 2,=
limited time, dies (in gen., in this sense gene-
rally feminine), dies certn, dies stata or shUuta or
constituta(pv in masc.); a time named, fixed, e.g.
to fix a — , diem statuere or constitwere (by mutual
appointment, e.g. when a sum is to bo paid),
diem ilieerc (for settling a law dispute); 3, in
Oram., see Expression, Word; 4, the arts,
see Technical ; 5, see Condition ; to be on
g00 a _ s with anyone, cam alqp famwarxter
vivere, alcjs familiaritate Uti. II. v.tr. see
Name, terminal, adj. quod certis diebus fit.
terminate, I. v.tr. see Limit, End. II.
v.intr. fiwvri, terminari; see End. termina-
tion, n. confectio, finis, -is, cxitus, -us. termi-
nology, n. artis vocabula, -orum ; — of a sect,
etc., verba, -orum (sua or alvjs propria).
termagant, n. mulier jurgiis addicta.
terrace, n. pulvlnus (= flower-bed raised in
the form of pillows, a plantation that gradually
rises), solarium (=a place on the top of the
house for basking in the sun), ombuloMO (- a
covered or open place for walking).
terrestrial, adj. qui {quae, quod) ten
colit, ad terram pertinens, terrestris, terrenus (=ol
the earth, opp. locaelesiis, e.g. of animals, etc.);
as opp. to heavenly, terratris (Eccl.), better
expressed by humanus (opp. to dicinus).
tcrriblo, adj. terribille (= exciting terror),
MerriJicus,horribilis,horrendus( = huvi\\)\c),atrox
(= fearful, e.g. man, deed, bloodshed), (mi
( — monstrous, unnatural, cruel), dims (=porten-
tous), formidiilosus (= causing (ear), /beaut (—
detestable, abominable, e.g. plots, war, the),
incredib His (= incredible, not to be believed,
imagined, e.g. stupiditas). Adv. lerribUem <n
horrendum in modum, atrociter, Juedc, foeduia in
modum. terrific, adj. see Dreadful, Ter-
rible, terrify, v.tr. alqm (per)terrlre, nee
Frighten, terror, n. terror On a subjective
sense = fear, in an objective sense, that which
causes — ); also in the \i\. formido, metus, -us,
pavor (all in subjective sense) ; with — , ttrrore
percussus, ttrrore coactus.
territory, n. territorium (= field belonging
to a town) ; in a wider 6ense = boundaries,
dominions; etc., by ager, terra, regio. terri-
torial, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad agrum pertinet.
terse, adj. e.g. style, by presstu. brevis, an-
gustus, densus (e.g. densior hie, ille copiosior,
Quint.), si rictus (Quint.), or by pautis verbis
(uti, etc.). Adv. presse, brevUer, i>«ucis verbis.
terseness, n. brevitas, or by oratiopressa, etc.
tertian, n. (febris) tertiana,
tesselatod, adj. tesseUatus.
test, I. n. sec Trial, Examination. II.
v.tr. tentarc, experiri, perielitari alqd (also
alqm), perieulum facere alcjs rei (also alcjs), ex-
plorare; to be — ed, to stand the — , nan or re
probari.
testaceous, adj. testaceus (Plin.).
testament, n. 1, tettamentum (= will) ; see
Will; 2, the New — , Testamentum Novum;
the Old — , Testamentum Vetus (Eccl.). testa-
mentary, adj. by testamento institute, etc.,
testamcntarius(n\Cic. tee tot. = a law about wills ;
in Plin. adoptio test.), testator, n. testator
(Suet, and Jet), or is qui testamentum facit.
testatrix.n. testatrix (Jet), testify, v.tr.
testari (in gen.), testijieari, testimonio canfirmare
( = to confirm by testimony), testimonio esse, testem
esse (= to be a witness ; the former of a thing, th>*
latter ol a person), ajjirmarc(— to affirm, or ItstU
ficari in this sense), testimonial, n. perhaps
by testimonium konorijlcum; Hf(Oer*M commen-
datkiac, =s letters of recommendation ; see Ce»
tii'icate. testimony, n. tcMimouiina.
testy, adj. morosus; sec Peevish.
tether, v.tr. and n. sec Tie.
tetrameter, n. tetrametrus (very late).
tetrarch, n. tstrarcha, m. tetrarchy, n.
tetrarcliia,
text n. 1,= the words of a writer,
-orum (- the words of an author quoted to-
rt commentator); 2,— of Scripture, txtrnptum
Sacrat Scripturae proposition.
textile, adj. textorius. textual, adj. quod
ad verba scriptoria ivrtinct. texture, a. ♦ lex-
two, tectum, textus, -its (both poet, and post
Aug.) ; see Web.
than,
con
warn ; or" by" the abiat, e.g. virtus est pre
stantior qucm aurum or praestantwr auro
there ia a number befotc the noun, — after the
compa. amplius and plus, minus, mi
is left out altogether, and the numeral is still
expressed in the same case as if it had been
used, i.g. amplius sunt sex menses, plus aucenus
m iliu<-desU;eravit(=more- l ttc.),Kxnustrecenti
ig.) ", see \\ eb.
than, coni. after a com parative and after verbs
ntaining the idea of a comparison (e.g. alter
■do I would rather; praftrfat, it is better).
if
tha
884
tha
(= less — ) perierunt ; more (less) — eight years
uld, majvr (minor) quam octo amios natits, major
[minor) octo aniws natus, major (minor) octo
minis natii, major (minor) octo annis, major
(minor) octo annorum; = — that, quam ut or
qui. (quae, quod) with BUbj. (e.g. the pain was
greater — he couhl hear, dowr major rrnt quam
qucm lite fern posset) ; ■ — one could expect from,
etc, considering, etc., expressed by \av. and
later writers simply by quam pro (which we
however never read in Cic. and Caes.), e.g.
praelium atrocius crat quam pro pugnantium
nnmero ; in negative and interrogative sentences,
also when westate anything the words "nothing
else — ," by praeter, praeterquam, exeepto (with n.
as abl. abs.), nisi, e.g. praeter ilium vidi nemi-
nem, tibi nihil dcessc arbitror praeter voluntatcm,
philosophi negant qnemquam esse bonum nisi sa-
pientem; — here may be rendered either by nisi
or quam, but nisi implies that everything else
is excluded, whilst quam is only used in a com-
parative sense, e.g. erat historia nihil aliud nisi
annalium confectio (i.e. history was this only and
nothing else besides, Cic), rirlus nihil aliud est
qnam in se perfecta el ad summnm perducta,
natura (i.e. as much as, the same as, Cic.).
thane, n. domiiais ; * tkanus (mediaeval
term).
thank, v.tr. gratias old agere; that, for, by
quod or qui, not pro alqd re ; gratiam habere,
persolvere, refcrre, reddere, tribuere, gratiam
habere, qratum esse erga alqm, benejicii memoriam
couservare, memori mente gratiam persolvere,
grald memorid beneficium (benejicia) prosequi (hi
one's heart), re ipsa atque animo esse gratum (by
deed, and in one's own heart) ; heartily, most
sincerely, maximas, incredibiles, singulares gra-
Has agere old, also amplissimis or singularibus
verbis gratias uqere alci; — you ! (in accepting)
benigne diets ! I have to — you for it, alci alqd
debere (something good), alci alqd ncceptum refcr-
re. ; no, — you! benigne. (diets)! benigne ac
liberaliter ! a.\so recte ! (all right ! no! as answer
to a question) ; I — you for your kind invitation,
bene vocas ; jam gratia est ; the act of — ing,
gratiarum actio (words). thankful, adj.
grains; see Grateful. Adv. grate, grata animo.
thankfulness, n. animus grains ; six, Grati-
tude, thankless, adj. ingratus (— both un-
grateful aud bringing no thanks). Adv. ingrate.
thanks, n. gratiae (often in the pi. with
agere); to return — , gratias agere or gratiam
persolvere quod, or qui, gratiam alci refcrre, red-
dere, for, pro ulqi'i re; — God ! est diis gratia !
thanksgiving, n. gratiarnmactio(iii%en.),sup-
plicatio, supplicium (= public — for victories, for
deliverance from sickness), thankworthy,
adj. laudabilis, gratia or laude di(,nus, gratus.
that, I. deiuonstr. pron. ille, illa,illud, iste,
ista, istud (ille, without being in opp. to hie,
often used when we speak of something very
well known, very celebrated, of any thing or
person remote as regards time or place, but
present in the mind of the speaker ; iste = — ,
often when we speak of a third person or tiling,
with the idea of contempt or disapproval, —
man there), alter( — the other of two ; pi. alteri,
if we speak of several on the other side) ; is, ca,
id, hie, ha.ee, hoc; those who, illi qui or (the
relative clause preceding) giti, ii ; — or, the
word — not expressed, e.g. jacet corpus dormi-
entis nt mortui(= as • — of a (lead man) ; — is my
father, hie est mens pater ; — only is tine friend-
ship, hate demum est omicitia flrma ; often by
sic, e.g. — is his way, sic est ingenium ejus; =
such a one, etc., is, ea, id; of — age, id ae a.tis ;
at — time, id temporis ; we are at — age, Id jam
aetatU svmus. II. rel. pron. qui, quae, quo I ; see
Wno. III. coiij. to connect the main clause. ;
A, when the sentence with — contains the sub-
ject of the copula in the main sentence ; 1, when
the sentence with — conveys a general idea,
render by the inf. , e.g. officii est, etc., or by another
noun, e.g. nihil suaviiis c.-it quam amari or amor,
= nothing is more pleasing than — one should
be loved ; 2, use the accus, and inf., after
" it is pleasing, grievous, probable, clear,
manifest, evident, true, it appears, it is useful,
right, reasonable, necessary, lawful, it is allowed
— "; after several of these impersonal verbs,
use also quod and ut, see under C and D (e.g.
it is pleasing to hear — you are well, gratum est
ie valere) ; 3. than — , as — , inf. with an adv.
or another noun with an adj. or part., e.g. nulla
res tauto erat damno, etc., quam (a noun with an
adj. or part.). B, when the sentence with — con-
tains the object of the verb of the main clause,
useacc.and in tin.; 1, this is the case after all verba
senswum et ajfectuum, to which belong also "to
know, conceive, remind, expect, hope, fear, be-
lieve," etc.; then also after foe, when it is =finge,
fancy — , etc., foe qui ego sum esse tc ; after the
verbs "to hope, swear, promise, threaten," we
use the accus. and fut. infin., only after "to
hope" we use the accus. and prcs. infin. when
we speak of anything referring to the present
time, and the accus. and perf. infin. when we
speak of anything past; 2, after the so-called
verba declarandi, as "to say, tell, indicate, re-
member, convince, teach, prove (efficere)," etc. ;
3, also after "to fix, determine, wish, forbid,
impose, concede (that anything is so)," etc., the
infin., if the sentence with — declares the object,
whilst if it contains a wish or intention, we use
ut; after "they," "the people say," " it is re-
ported," etc. (dicunt, tradunt, ferunt, produnt,
perhibent), either by accus. and infin., or the
noin. and indie, (of the passive voice), e.g. dicunt
Iiomulum primum regent. Homanum fuisse, or Ro-
mulus primus rex Romanorum fuisse dicebatur ;
dicunt vos adfu isse, or wis d iceba m wii udfu is<c; alt er
dubito, in the sense "I doubt not," we find in Cic.
always quia. C, when the sentence with — con-
tains a description of anything or a circiun!., 1,
of the subject, when we can put "which" instead
of " — ," by quod, as after "there is reason," or
" there is no reason," (which, etc.), est (habeo),
non est, nihil est quod (we may also use cur, as in
English); also after " it is pleasing, rejoicing, I
am glad, it is painful," etc. (e.g. nihil est quod
[i.e. illud quod] timeas) ; also after "we must
add (eo or line accedit)," where we use qimd
when we speak of a matter of fact, and ut when
we refer to anything that is only in progress,
always when the thing is only about to happen ;
2, of the object when — = " because ; " also by
quod after " to be glad, rejoice (gaudirc), to feel
sorry, grieve (dolcre), to wonder (mirari)," etc.,
where we use quod when we speak of a definite
fact, but si, if we speak of something merely
imaginary or as we suppose it; 3, when —
stands for "inasmuch as, inasfar as." D, always
nt or qui (quae, quod) when the sentence with —
expresses the purpose, condition, aim, effect,
surmise, permission, encouragement, wish or
command, as subject or object, or as additional
clause ; after is sum, non is sum, talis, qualis, is
(such a one), ejusmodi, etc. ; also qui, etc. (ut is,
etc.), after tarn, tantus, generally after negations,
after owis? and alter comparatives with quam,
when these words express the degree, measure,
up to which anything is said to possess a certain
quality; and after nouns to express a purpose
(e.g. Caesar sent messengers — they might say,
Caesar nuntios misit. qiii dieerent) ; but ut is, etc.,
to express result; — not, after "to fear, to be
afraid." etc., iie von. seldom nt, and — alone.
tha
886
thi
lie ; only — not, — by any means, nt ne {ne being
placed before — which is prevented), e.g. nt hoc
ne faeerem (= he took care — , etc.) ; I say
— ... not, etc., by nego with accns. and inlln.,
e.g. he asserts — there are no gods, tleos esse
vegat. lit, — in exclamations, 1, when wc ex-
press a wish, oli — I nt ! ntinam ! o si (see Oh) ;
God grant — , <tte.,faxit Deus, nt, etc. ; — not I
ntiiuim ne! 2, in general exclamations, by accus.
and infin. (which apparently is not governed by
any preceding verb), e.g. me miserum! te in
tantas aeru.mn.as propter meincidisse!
thatch, n. stramentum. thatched, adj.
— house, casa slramento tecta.
thaw, I. r.tr. (dis\solvere, liqiiefaeere. II.
v.intr. (dis)solvi, liquejieri, liqiiescerc, et tabescere
calore, glucicm tcpefactam molliri. III. n. use
verb.
the, def. art. not expressed in Latin ; but if
we speak emphatically, sometimes by the
demonstr. pron. hie, lw.ee, hoc; ille, ilia, ill ml ;
iste, ista, istud (see That) ; — more, etc
more, etc, quo . . . eo or hoc, quanto . . .
tanto, eo . . . quo, tanto . . . quanto, e.g. homi-
nes quo plum lutbent, eo ampliora cupiunt, = —
more they have, — more they want ; in general
sentences we use the superlative with ut qwisque
. . . ita, e.g. ut quisqwe est vir optimus, itadiffi-
cillime ulios improbos suspicatur (= — better
a man is, with — more difficulty he suspects,
etc., . . .) ; sometimes in sentences of the latter
kind the connecting particles ut and ita are
altogether omitted, e.g. sapientissimus quisque
aequissimo animo moritur : — sooner — better,
(plain primiim, primo quuque tempore or die; —
with an adj. or adv., e.g. — better, hoc, eo, tanto ;
so much — greater, eo or hoc major ; so much —
better, tanto melius.
theatre, n. theatrum, scaena. theatri-
cal, adj. scaenicus, theatralis (= belonging to
the theatre; very late = also low, vulgar),
(e.g. dress, habitus, venustus, in this sense), also
by the genit. histrionum (in reference to the
actors), e.g. — gestures, histrionum gestus inepli.
Adv. more histrionum.
theft, n. fun um. thief, n. /i<r. thieve,
v.intr. see Steal, thievish, adj. furax.- Adv.
furdciter.
their, poss. pron. suits (if referring to the
main subject in the sentence), eorum, illorum
(if referring to any other subject) ; on — account,
for — sake, sud caus{syi, eorum caus(s)&, propter
eos (see before), theirs, poss. pron. suns or
illorum.
them, pers. pron. eos or cas, illos or Mas,
ipsos or ipsas; = to them, cis or lis, etc.
themselves, see Self.
theme, n. = subject to write or speak on,
propositio, proposition, id quod proposition est,
quaestio, id gMod^taerimiis(s=cniestion proposed,
leading idea for a metaphysical inquiry), argu-
mentum(= material, contents, e.g. epistulae).
then, adv. tune (corresponds to nunc, now),
turn (denoting continuity, ns jam in the present ;
— that is at that time, after something fore-
going), illn (eo) tempore.
thence, adv. Mine {illim), istinc, abhinc
(= from that place ; hine et Mine, heme and — ,
hither and thither), thenceforth, adv. fade,
ex ea tempore.
theocracy, n. regnum quo Deus ipse rex
habelltr, or OeuKporia.
thcogony, n. dcoruw generatio.
theology, n. theologiu (Eccl.), or
did ua mm scientia. theologian, n.
gus or lit(t)eramm saiietarum studiosus.
rem m
theolo-
theo-
logical, adj. Oieologieue, or by the genit.
lit(tyraruia sanctorum.
theorem, n. perception (translation of the
Greek Sewprj^a, Cic).
theory, n. rah'o (= science of anything in
gen., e.g. belli), doctriiut (= literary or theoretical
knowledge), ars, praecepta, -orum (= rules); —
of moral duties or obligations, conformcUio offi. ,
rum (Cic.) ; — and practice, ratio atque v.tus, -iis ;
to combine — , doctrinam ud usnm adjuwj-
theoretical, adj. quod in cognitione lersahir,
in spectione or in cognitione et acstimoUone positvs
(Quint.), quod ab arlis praeceptis proficiscitur (=
according to the rules of art, analogous to, Cic);
— knowledge, ratio (e.g. belli) ; to possess — of,
alqd rations cognitum nature; to have a— and
practical bearing, ad cognoscendi et agcmli vim.
rationemqne referri. Adv. ratione, ex urtis prae-
ceptis. theorist, n. qui artem ratione cogni-
tani liabet.
theosophy, n. * throsophia (as t.t.). theo-
sophist, n. • theosophus.
therapeutics, n. an medendi, medicina.
there, adv. = in that place, ibi ; illic, ist-
liir; to he — , adesse ; to stand—, udstare; —
where, ;',; ubi, illic nbi ; — you have, — you Bee,
not rendered, but simply habet, aecipe,
(e.g. librum); = thither, illur; see Thither.
thereabouts, adv. prope (= near), /erne, /ere
(= nearly), thereafter, thereupon, adv.
(ex)imle (exin), deinde 'dein), statim (— imme-
diately) ; see AFTF.nwAKLis, Tiikn.
therefore, adv. igitur, itaqve, ergo (igitur
never at the beginning), iaeo, eo, Idcirco, prop-
term (= for that reason), proin(de) (= hence),
quarc, qiiamobrem, qvapropter, quoeirca (= where-
fore), therein, adv. in eo, in cis ((is), etc.
thermometer, n. * thermometrum (as t.t.).
thesis, n. see Theme.
they, pers. pron. ii or eae, Mi or Mae, ijisi or
ipsae; but it is only expressed in Latin when
we speak emphatically.
thick, adj. arasna (= stout, compact, opp.
tenuis (— thin) and maccr (= meagre)), pinguis
(= fat, stout, opp. macer), opimus (— who looks
like one that lives well, opp. gracilis), obesus (=
well fed, opp. gracilis and (of animals) strtgosvs),
corporc amplo (=of large-sized body), tin-gens,
turgidus (= swollen, e.g. eyes, etc.), drnsus (=
dense, opp. rams, = single, scarce, solitary),
spissus (.- impenetrable, of the soil, of darkness,
etc., opp. solntus, loose), conjertus (=crowded, of
amass, opp. roriis), concrenis(= curdled, of mill;,
also of air); when we express the measure of
anything, — is either rendered by ertusus with
accus., or by crassitudine with the genit. of the
measure (e.g. quat(t)uor pedes erassus, ipiat't)uor
pedum crassitudine); creber, frequent (= many) ;
a — voice, roz obtu'sa (Quint.) ; — skin, nied. ctd-
losus (lit.), diims (tig.). A<lv. dense, spis.-e, con-
fertivi, crebro, frequenter, thicken, I. v.tr.
densare, \spissare, II. v.mtr. (ieasart,«p
( — lieconie like one mass, to curdle,
e.g. of milk, etc.). thicket, n. diimitnin, fru-
licelum, or locus . bsitus, thickness,
u. crassUudo, spissttas (so as to income impene-
trable), obesltas (- fatness, opp. gracilitat), '"-
pus amplum, crebritas, frtqueutia, thick-set,
adj. see Thick, STOUT,
thief, n. see THRFT.
thigh, n. femur.
thimble, n. digiti mnnimentum.
thin, I. adj. (.inn's (opp. eratmsX subiilis
(= line, I. mlcr, 0.g. of leather), gracilis, tlUis,
)„(/i,,(-= meagre, opp. obesus), >'i i0oros(=leaii,of
animals), mills (= not close together, e.g. hair,
thi
8S6
thr
Opp. densus), angustus (= narrow), lit/nidus (of
anything liquid), dihitus (= diluted, e.g. wine,
eolour). ILv.tr. attcnvurc; of trees, co2£wcare(of
clearing Hie ground of trees, post-Aug. of a single
tree) ; tnterlucare (Plin.). Adv. tenititer, graei-
liter, rare, thinness, n. tinnitus, exUitas, gra-
cililas (= sleiulerncss), ntritas (= looseness of
texture), macies (— leanness).
thine, pron. tuns.
thing, n. 1, = event, res, negotlum ; — s.'rrs,
rerum natura ; — s, with an adj. before it,
often rendered merely by the adj. n.pl. (e.g.
wonderful — s, mini), or by some noun (e.g.
foolish — s, nugae, ineptiae); a tiresome — , len-
hiro (= slow), molestiim negolivm; above all — s,
ante omnia, imprimis (in 2>rimis), praecipue; 2,
= any substance, res, supellex (= household fur-
niture), I'ftSft, -orum (= vessels, pots, also of
soldiers), sarcinac (— ell'eets which we carry with
us when travelling); = clothes, vestis, vcstitns,
-vs.
think, v.i'.itr. and tr. 1, abs. •= to have ideas
and to be conscious of it (in an absolute sense),
cogitare, intellegere (= to have clear ideas);
2, with an object, anything, atqd cogitare, alqd
cngitatione comprehendere or percipere or com-
plecli, alqd cogitations ct mentc. complecti, alqd
meute concipere, alqd cogitutione or (de)ping&re (=
to picture anything in one's mini!); — about,
de alga re cogitare; 3, = to suppose, opinari,
putare, arbitrari, censere, credere; 4, see Pur-
pose ; 5, = to judge, jiidicare, sentire (= to have
a certain opinion), comb, sentire et jiidicare, sta-
lucre (= to flx). thinker, n. == a speculative,
philosophical — ,pMlosophus(m this sense always
in Cic); a deep — , subtil is dispututor, homoacv-
tus ad excogitandum. thought, n. eogitatio (=
the not of — , what we have been thinking of),
cogitation (= what we have been thinking about),
nie)is(=disposition, then = opinion, view), memo-
ria alcjsrei (= memory), scntentia (— opinion),
t sensus, -its, mens, animus (= mind), ■notin(—
notion), opinio (= opinion, founded upon conjec-
ture), suspicion conjecture as suspicion), consil-
ium (■= view, plan), conjectura (= conjecture), die-
tum(= — as expressed) ; — s, cogitata mentis, or
by circumloc. qvae mente concipimus, qnu.e annuo
cogitamvs, sentimus, rersamvs, or often simply by
the neut. pi of the pron. or adj. (e.g. ista tua);
to be in deep — , in cogitutione deflxvm esse.
thoughtful, adj. in cogitationc defixns (= lost
in thought), sapiens, prudens (— wise). Adv.
sapicntcr, prndenter. thoughtfulness, n. sec
Thought, thoughtless, adj. soars (=who
does not think), stupidvs (= slow from stupi-
dity), iiiconsultns, neglcgens, indilincns (= ne-
glectful), imprudens (.= without foresight), tone-
rarius (— rash). Adv. inconsvlte (or inconsvlto),
neglegenter, indilinenter, imprudenter, temere.
thoughtlessness, n. socordia (= slowness to
think), stupiditas (= stupidity, habitual), negle-
gentia, indiligentiu ; see Carelessness.
third, adj. sec Thrke.
thirst, I. n. si/is (lit. and lig.). II. v.iutr.
sitire (also of plants, fields, etc.); tig. to —
after, sitire alqd. thirsty, adj. siliens (lit.
and lig. ; after, alcjsrei). Adv. sitientcr (lig.).
thirteen, adj. tredecem, more frequently
(itiways in Cic.) decern et tr* . or tres et decern ; —
each, terni deni w deni tern) ; — times, trcde-
cle(n)s. thirteenth, n<Vj. tertius decimus or
decimus et tcrtins. thirty, adj. trigint-a ; ' —
each, triceni, -ae, -a; — times, trieic(n)s, tri-
gesie(n)s. thirtieth, adj. trigeminus (trie.),
-a, -urn.
tills, deni. pron. hie, hace, hoc (or qui, quae,
quod at the beginning of a new sentence, if —
refers to persons or things, in "and — , for — ,
but — , hence — , — therefore, now — ," etc. ; the
conjs. are left out when we user/Hi); — one,
hiccc, haccee, hocce; — . . . that, alter. . . alter
(of two) ; this . . . that? liter . . . liter (of two),
hie . . . ille. or tste ; on — side, cis, citra ; what
is on — side, citerior.
thistle, n. carduus.
thither, adv. eo, in cum loenm, ad id loci,
hue (= hither), illnc, illo, isthuc, isto; hither ami
— , ?HIC et (atqitr) illuc.
thong, n. lanim ; see Strat.
thorax, n. thorax (Plin.) ; sec Chest.
thorn, n. spina (= — of plants, also — bush),
sentis, -is, in. and f., vepres, -is, in. (= — bush) ;
— bushes, senticetum (ante class.), and in the pi.
in this sense, vepres, sentes (= hedge of — ), dtune-
turn, dinni (— a place full of brambles, a thick, i).
thorny, adj. sjunosiis (lit., tig. = of perplexed
meaning), t senilis (= rough with thorns), labori-
osiis, ardnus, aerwnnosus (tig.) ; — paths, etc., of
the Stoics, ditmeta Sloicormn (Cic).
thorough, adj. see Complete. Adv. pi nitus,
prorsus, omnino, plane, fimditus; sec Com-
pletely, thoroughbred, adj. generosus.
thoroughfare, n. by transltus, -its, trans-
vectio (= a passing through), iter (perrium), via
(pervia, = road), or by the verbs transire, trans-
veil i.
thou, pers. pron. hi, hite (emphatic).
though, conj. see Although.
thousand, adj. inille (properly speaking a
noun, not declined in the sing., but used only as
noni. <ir accus. ; as a noun, it governs the genit.
(e.g. inille passnvm) ; but milk is also considered
as an adj., which however is not declined),
■mil(l)ia, -iuvi ; several — s, the pi. of mille,
and declined ; with the cardinal or distributive
numerals (e.g. 2,000, duo or bina mil(l)ia ; 10,Wi0,
decent or dena mil(l)ia), the noun in the genit.
(e.g. 30,000 armed men, treeenta mi/(l)ia armato-
rurn), except when we say 3,300, and so on (e.g.
habuit iria mil(l)ia trecentos milites); = innu-
merable, mille (= 1,000) or scsccttti (sexc, = 000 ;
both = immense) ; a — times, mil(l)ie(n)s.
thousandth, adj. mil(l)esinius.
thraldom, n. see Slavery, Bondage, Ser-
vitude.
thrash, v.tr. to — corn, e spicis gruna ex-
cutereovexterere/frumentum deterere (Col.), messem
pertieis flagellars, spicas baeulis e.rcnlcic (with
long sticks); = beat ; see Beat, thrashing,
n. trituea. thrashing-floor, n, area, or more
explicitly, area in qua frumenta detentnivr.
thrashing-machine, n. tribvlum.
thread, I. n. 1, lit. filum, linea, Unum,
lieium, + suhtemen, stamen; 2, fig. of a nar-
rative, filum (= quality, kind), better use
narratio. II. v.tr. to — a needle, filum per
acumen con(J)icere ; to — one's way; see Go.
threadbare, adj. obscilctus (of clothes), tritus
(of topics, etc.).
threat, n. (compninatio, dcnunliatio. threa-
ten, v.tr. m iiifts jaccre; to — anyone with,
ulci ulqd minitari, (compninari, denuntian alci
tdqi! (in words, e.g. war, murder); it — s to,
etc., in en est vt, etc., or by the periphrastic
conjugation, with part. int. act. (e.g. odia in,
nora8 jmgnas ernptura sunt) ; to — = to be near
at hand (of war, etc.), (im)ntincrc, impendere, in-
stare, ingruere (poet., and in Tac). threaten-
ing, adj. viinax, miniiabundus (lit. of persons)
instans,' imminent (= near at hand, e.g. war,
danger), praesens (— near, e.g. persecution,
danger). Adv. mindziler.
thr
887
til
three, ailj. trts, tria; trini, trinae, Irinu
I— three together); a period »f — days, triduum ;
— fold, triplex; — footed, tripes; — hundred,
trect nti ; — thousand, tria vi'd{l)Ui. threefold,
triple, adj. triplus, triplex, tripartvtus (pert.)
in tres partes divisus. thrice, adj. ter; twice
or — , bis terque, ileruin ae. terliuin; — IllOrC,
triplo plus, third, I. adj. tertins; a — time,
tertinm, tertio; in the — place, tertio; there is
no — course, nihil teriivm est, nihil Imbet ista
res medium. Adv. tertio. II. ii. tertio. pars;
heir to a — , Itcrcs ex triente ; two — s, c tribus
dime partes, bes, bessis (= two — s of a whole
(e.g. the us) consisting of twelve parts, conse-
quently S-liths or 2-3rds, e.g. alqm relinquire
tieredem ex besse).
threshold, n. limen (lit. and fig.).
thrift, n. frvgalitas, parsimonia. thrifty,
adj. frugi, parvus. Adv. frugaliter, parce.
thrill, I. v.tr. commovere. II. v.intr. 1, or
notes, resonare ; sec Resound; 2, — with joy,
etc., ex(s)ndtare, [laetitid) gestire, efferri, commov-
eri. thrilling, adj. 1, see Shrill; 2, = ex-
citing, mirijicus, mints, horrendus ; see Wonder-
ful.
thrive, v.intr. by erescere : see Prosper.
throat, n. jugulum, gutter; to cut any one's
— , alqm jurjularc.
throb, I. v.intr. by satire, palpitare; sec
Beat. II. n. cordis palpitutio (Plin.%
throe, n. dolor.
throne, n. milium (lit. = an elevated seat, —
in gen., in particular = the royal — ), suggestus,
-us(= elevated seat, elevation in gen.), s«te>, -is,
f. , or sella regia (lit. = the king's — ), regnum
(iig. = royal dignity, reign), imperium(flg. = the
highest power) ; to sit on the — , sedere in solio
or in sede regia (lit.), regem esse, regnare (Iig. =
to reign, to be king) ; to ascend the — , regnum
occupare (Iig.), regnum or imperium udijnsci
(= to come upon the — ).
throng, I. n. frequentia. II. v.tr. frequent-
are ; see Crowd.
> throstle, n. turdus.
throttle, I. n. see Windpipe. II. v.tr. suf-
focare, an imam or spiritum intercludere.
through, prep, per with accus. of place and
time (e.g. per tres dies, or tres (lies alone, = —
three days ; per African, — ■ — Africa ; per te, =
— you) ; as denoting the instrument or means,
it was — you (i.e. on account of), propter te erat
or teuuetore; — and — ,penitus,prorsus, omnino;
see Altogether, throughout, I. prep, see
Through. II. adv. see Through and Through
above ; see By.
throw, I. v.tr. jacere, juctare (repeatedly or
constantly), miltire (= to let go), con(j)irire (=
hurl), in(j)icire(— to — into) alci rei or in alqd; —
anything at anyone, petere alqm alqd re (e.g. alqm
inalo); to — stones at anyone, lapides mittere or
con(j)icere in alqm, lapidibus peters alqm, lapi-
dibits alqm prosequi; to — dice, talos or tesseras
jacere; let the die be thrown (fig.), jarta
alea esto; to — about, jactare (e.g. tempestcUe
jttctari in alto) ; to — anything, spargere, dispcr-
gire ; to — across, transQyieere <dqd trans alqd or
double accus. (e.g. exercitum (trans) Iihodanum) ;
to — a bridge across a river, flumenpontejungcre ;
to — away, ab(j)iccre. ; to — oneself into, sc alci
rei dedere, alei rei studert ; to — open, patefacere ;
to — out; see Reject, Remark; to — up; see
Build, Vomit. II. n. jaclus, -fis (in gen. and
of dice), conjectus, -us (in gen.), alea (= — of
the dice, Iig.), missus, -its (of stones, etc.).
thrower, n. jaculator. throwing, n. \con-
jectio; see Throw, II.
thrust, I. v.tr. see Push, Drive, PlKRCK ;
to — oneself; See INTRUDE. II. 11. tctVt, -Hi,
plaga (= blow), petitio ( — attack).
thumb, I. n. (digitus) pollex. II. v.tr. pollice
terere. thumbscrew, n. by circuinloc (e.g.
to apply the — , pollicem (paiil(t)tilim) coutundire.
thump, I. u. see Blow. II. v.tr. Bee Beat.
thunder, I. h. tonitrus, -us, lonitruum, i,
fragor (of any loud noise, e.g. fragor caeli or
caelestis); rig. = noise, clamor, sonitus, -Us. II.
v.intr. (iu)tonare (impers., trans, and intr.)
also Iig. of a strong voice), thunder bolt,
n. fuhnen ; struck by a — , de eaelo tactus.
thunder-storm, n. tonitrua et fidmina, tem-
pestascum tonitribus. thunder-struck, adj.
obstupefaclus.
Thursday, n. * dies Jovis.
thus, adv. ita, sic (in this manner) ; sec So.
thwart, I. V.tr, see Hinder. II. n. tran-
situ m.
thy, {iron, tuus; see Your.
thyme, n. Uiymum.
tick, ticking, I. n. of a clock, tonus or
sonitits, -ns (fteoualibus intervallis foetus). II.
v.intr. perhaps tempus sonitu indium, sonare.
ticket, n. tessera (Suet.), probably the best
word for a ticket for theatre, etc (Admission
to Roman theatres was free).
tickle, v.tr. litillare alqd (also tig. e.g.
stnsus ; but Cic. always says quasi titUlare);
quasi titillalionem adhibSre alci n E(e.g. u nsibu»);
to — the palate, palatum tergcre (Ilor., of any-
thing we eat), tickling, n. titillaiio. tick-
lish, adj. 1, lit. titilluliunis miuiuie patient; 2,
fig. of persons; he is very — in that respect,
lute re facile ojfendUur; of things, lubricus it
anceps.
tide, n. 1, aestus, -iis (maiitimus), or in pi.,
mariuorum ncsluum acccturus et recessus (both
■iis), aestus marilimi niutun aceedentes el net'
denies; the — comes in twice every twenty-
four hours, bis ajjluunl bisque remeant oestus
maris ricrnis quatemisqiic semper horit (Plin.);
2, Iig- mulatio (= change), or by crtachrc oc de-
erescere. tidal, adj. </""<' '"' ueslunx periinet;
— wav<V'H«V» (aestU facta).
tidings, n. vuntius ulcjs rei; see Newj.
tidy, adj. nitidus; sec Neat.
tie, I. v.tr. see Bind; to — a knot, nodum
facere, in ixodum colligere. II. n. 1, nodus (=
knot), vinculum; 2, of friendship, etc., rincu-
lum, nodus, coiijunctio, necessitudo (also of kin-
ship).
tier, n. ordo, -inis, m. ; see Row.
tiger, n. tigris.
tight, n. strictus, n(d)strietus (= fitting — ),
angustus, artus (= narrow) ; a — shoe, ealc us
vr'cns (when it hurts); — rope, funis coutcnius.
tighten, v.tr. stringere, a(d)stringirt (e.g.
chain, vinculum ; a shoe, calceum). in!'
contendere (= to bend, draw — , what was louse
before, e.g. urcvm iutendire Or contendere; He
skin, cutem intendere), comb, contendere r.' (.('-
ducere; to — the reins, habenas adduefrt (npp.
remittere). Adv. and tightness, n. use adj.
tile, n. tegula, imbrex (for roof), tessera (for
paving).
till, I. pre]). 1, to express the limit, nrf,
Usque ad with accus. (= to a certain point), in,
usque in with accus. (= about as far as), tcnu*
with ablat. (put after the noun to fix the end) ;
2. as regards the time, ad, vsque ad, in, usque
in'; — when? quo usque (continuing)? quem ml
finem (= — what time)? — to-day, usqyte ad
til
839
toa
hviic (lle:n, hoitie quoqne ; — to-morrow, in cms-'
tinvm ; — late at night, ad initltam noctem;
— daylight, ml lucem. II. con.j. ditm, donee,
quoad (= as long as; but quoad defines t lie
time more precisely); not — , hoh prius quam,
noii ante ipiam ; sec Until.
till, v.tr. arare (= plough), eolire (= culti-
vate); see Cultivate, tillage, n. (initio, end-
tus, -i?», cultvra. tiller, u. ai-ator (= plongh-
iimn), agricola, {uijri)atllor.
till, n. = money — , area, tiller, n. clavus.
tilt, n. see Cover.
tilt, I. v.tr. invertere. II. v.intr. = fight,
by hastis ex equis pugnare; see Tournament.
timlier, u. materia or maleries ; to fell — ,
materiam caedere, mater iari (once in Caes.).
time, I. n. 1, tempus, -oris, n. dies (= tlie
day), spatium (= — as a period) juevwn, in-
terrallum (= interval), aelas (= age), tempestas
(= season), saendvui (= a long — , a genera-
tion), otium (= leisure), occasio, opportunitas
(= opportunity) ; the most celebrated general
of bis — , clarissimus imperii tor suae aetatis ;
in our — , nostra] memorial ; at the right — ,
tempore (tempori, temperi) ad tempus, tempestive,
op]uirlinie, in tempore; in ancient — s, an-
tiquitus ; from the — when, ex quo (tempore) ; at
every — ,omni tempore; from — to — , iutcrdum
(= now and then); for all — , in omve tempus;
in good — , mature (e.g. to rise, surgere); against
the — , sub or ad tempus; in the mean — , interea,
interim ; according to — and circumstance, pro
tempore el pro. re, ex re et tempore; to require —
for, tempus postulare ad; it is — to go, tempus
est ut eamns or ire ; eight — s eight, octo octies
mvUiplicata; 2, in music, tempus, nnmerus,
modus ; to beat — , rnanu intervalla signare;
in — , nvmerose. II. v.tr. tempiis observare
finem certo tempore aid rei imponire. timely,
1. adj. maturus (of fruits, etc., tig. aevi mat-urns,
Veig.), tempestivns, opportunvs. II. adv. ma-
ture, tempestire, opportune. timepiece ; n. see
Clck'k. time-server, n. adulator, assentator
(= flatterer!.
timid, adj. limidus, pavidns, trepidus, vere-
cundvs (= bashful), formidinis plenus (= full of
fear), ignavus (= cowardly); to be — , timidum,
etc., esse, metuere, time re ; don't \k — , omitte
timorem. Adv. timide, pavide, trepide, rcrecunde,
ignave. timidity, n. timiditas, pavor, trcpi-
dntio, ignavia. timorous, adj. see Timid.
tin, n. plumbum album, stannum (Plin.).
tincture, n. (in med.) liquor medieatus ; =
a slight colouring, color, fucus (lit. and fig.).
tinge, v.tr. imbuere, colorare, inficere, tingere
alqd alqd re, alqd alci rei indnccre.
tinder, n. fames, -itis, in.
tingle, v.intr. 1, in the ears, aures tinnire;
2, see Itch.
tinker, n. a(h)enorum rejector .
tinkle, v.intr. tinnire; see Resound, tink-
ling, n. t tinnitus, -Us.
tinsel, 11. 1. lit. bractea (= metal leaf); —
cloth, pannvs av.ro intextus ; 2, fig. funis, spe-
cies.
tip, I. u. cacumen, summa, ultima pars ; see
Point. II. v.tr. (prac)acuerc (= sharpen), alqd
alci rei praeflgere ; — over, invertere ; see Over-
turn, tiptoe, n. 1, lit. i7i digitos erccti (from
Quint.); 2, fig. (ex(s)pectatione, etc.) intcntvs.
tipple, v.intr. see Drink, tippler, n. potor ;
see Drunkard, tipsy, adj. temulentus, ebrius.
Adv. tcmvltntrr, or by adj.
tire, I. v.tr. (de)fatigare. II. v.intr. (<7c)-
fatiguri. tired, adj. (dejfaliyatus, defessvs,
uissus, lassitudine confectiis. tiresome, adj.
importunvs, molcstus (lit. and tig.), lentus ( =
slow), tiring, adj. quod (de)fatigat, or by fa-
boriosvs; see Lahoriovs.
tiro, n. tiro ; rudis et tiro.
tissue, 11. 1, ttoliu, -its; see Ti:.\TH(i: ; 2,
tig. series, or by torus (e.g. the thing is a — of
falsehoods, tota res e mendaciis constat).
tit-bit, u. aip(p)cdia, -orum, or cup(p)cdiae.
tithe, I. n. decuma, deci ma jars. II. v.tr.
decumas imponire.
title, n. tilulus (in gen.), insc.riptio, index {=.
— of a book), nomen(— name), hence com b. tilu-
lus nomeni/ne (0\\) , pracscrijitio (= introduction
to a senatorial decree, etc.) ; to give a book a — ,
inscribcre librum; a — (as an honour), nomen,
appellatio (in addressing anyone) ; to give any-
one a — , alipn appcllure with accus. of the title
(e.g. regem) ; = right, vindiciac ; see Rioht.
titled," adj. by birth, etc., nobilis. titular,
adj. by nomine, opp. to re.
titter, v.intr., see Laucfi.
tittle, n. minima pars, illiquid ex alqd re ;
tittle-tattle, n. see Chatter, Gossip.
tittle, n. to a — , by circumloc, e.g. by S7i6-
tiliter, ant (e.g. rem aeu tetigisti), res ipsa.
to, prep.(dcnotingmotiontowards)arf(in gen.)
in(= into) with accus. (odeum locum proficisci, to
go — that place; adalqm venire, to come — some-
one), with towns and small islands accus. with-
out ad, but not if urban, oppidum be used in
apposition with the name of the place, ntf also
with usque (e g. usque ad Romam profectus est, he
went (i.e. as far as) Rome) ; with a, ab, it denotes
the extreme points of motion or distance (Aqui-
tunia a Garumnd ad 1'yranens niontes pertinet,
A. extends from the Garonne — the Pyrenees),
the direction of a word or speech (invitare ad
cenam) ; limit in time (Sophocles ail summam
senectntim tragocdias fecit, = Sophocles made tra-
gedies down — extreme old age ; ad dii m
solvere, = to pay — the day) ; — is properly the
sign of the Latin dative (milii dedit librum, = he
gave a book — me ; mihi venit auxilio, = he came
— my aid) ; sometimes the force of — is given
by thegenit. (desiderium edendi, =desire to eat),
also by an infill, (me jnssit ire, =he commanded
me — go), by the supine (spectatem ivit, = he
came — behold), or by the gerundive with ad
(profectus est ad ludos spectandos, = he has gene
— see the games) ; after dignus, worthy, use qui
and the subj. (diginis est qui laudetur, = >.e is
worthy — be praised) ; = in order to, ut or ne
with subj. 7ti with the accus. properly means
"into," denoting entrance (as in domum in-
travit, — he went into his house), but sometimes
the idea of entrance or of penetration, is
dropped, so that the Latin in corresponds with
our — or till (e.g. in aram confugit, = he tied —
the altar; in eandem senlentiam loquitur, =he
speaks — the same effect ; indvlgens in or erga
palrem, severns in fdium, = indulgent — [or to-
wards] his father, severe — his son). Special
phrases — my, thy house, ad me, ad tr, — this
or that place, hue or illuc ; ■ — the temple ot
Vestae, Jupiter, ad Vestae, Jovis ; — the country,
— home, rus, domum; to look — the west, in-
occidentem spectare ; — a man, ad unum; to
compare anyone — anyone, alqm cum aiqo com-
parare. to-day, Z. 11. Tiodterwus dies. II. adv.
hodie. to-morrow, I. n. crastinus dies. II.
adv. eras.
toad, n. bufo ; — stool, fungus, toady,
n. and v.tr. see Flatter.
toast, I. v.tr. 1, = scorch bread, torrcre; 2,
= drink health, salutem alci propivare. II. 11.
1, panis tostus ; 2, use verb, see above I. 2.
i;ob
889
tou
tobacco, n. *herba nicotiana, = the plant,
* tabacum (as smoked).
toe, n. (pedis) digitus.
together, adv. una (aim), rifH.nl, comb, und
simid, eodem tempore simul, conjuttctim ; all — ,
ad unum omnes, cuncti, universi (opp. singuli).
toil, I. n. magnus labor. II. v.intr. mvlto
sudors et labor efitcere alqd ; see Labour, Work.
toilsome, adj. laboriosus, operosrus; see La-
borious, Difficult. Adv. laboriose, operose.
toilet, ii. cultus, -us, ornatiis, -us ; to mako
one's — , se vestire.
token, ii. signum ; see Skin.
tolerable, adj. 1, = what can be tolerated,
tolerabilis, tolerandus, jxttibilis ; 2, = middling,
tolerabilis, mcdiocris,modicits. Adv. tolerabiliter,
viediocriter, modice, satis (= sufficiently), tole-
rate, v.tr. tolerare, ferre, with sense of acquies-
cence, aequo animo ferre; in religious matters,
aliena sacra alci permiltere; see Bear; = to
allow anything being done, puti alqd fieri, si-
nere, permitterc. tolerance, n. indulgentia
(= indulgence), tolerantia, tohratio (= bearing of
anything) ; in matters of religion, indulgentia
erga sacra, aliena.
toll, n. vectigal (in gen.), portorium (as excise
duty, transit, at a — bar) ; — keeper, exactor
portorii, porlitor.
toll, v.intr. and tr. by sonare.
tomb, n. scpulc(h)rum, tumulus (lit. =
mound). tomb-Stone, n. lapis, -idis, in.,
cippus, mouuvientum.
tome, n. liber ; see Book.
ton, tun, ll. as a vessel, seria (oval), dolium
(round) ; as a measure, of liquids, centum ur-
nae (liquid measure), perhaps maximum pon-
dus, -eris, n. (in avoirdupois weight), ton-
nage, n. calculated by the number of oni-
phorae (i.e. Roman cubic feet), e.g. navis plus
quam trecentarum amphorarum est.
tone, n. 1, sonus, sonitus, -Us, vox (from the
mouth or a musical instrument) ; 2, flg. see
Character.
tongs, ii., Are — , forceps, m. and f.
tongue, n. lingua (also fig. = neck of land,
language), ligiila { = neck of land), examen (of
a scale), sermo ( = language).
tonic, n. mediclno, quae stomachum corro-
borat.
tonsils, n. tonsillae.
too, adv. etiam, quoque, praeterea (e.g. unum
ctiam vos oro, — one thing — I ask of you ; non
sophistae sulum, sed philosophi quoque, = not the
sophists only, but the philosophers — ) ; —
much, nimium, nimio; — great, nimis maguus ;
by comparative, he is — learned to have said
that, doctior est quam qui hoc dixerit ; to act —
hastily, festinantius agerc, per impnulentiam
facere alqd.
tool, n. in sing, use special word (e.g. rastrum,
= rake, gardener's — ) ; pi. as collective, instra-
mentum (e.g. rusticmn).
tooth, n. dens, -ntis, m. (in the mouth,
also of an anchor) ; a hollow — , dens cavus or
cavatus (Plin.); false — , denies empti (Mart.);
— ache, dolor dentiitm: to have — , laborarc
ex^dentibus; —pick, dentiscalpium (Mart); —
powder, dentifrkivm (Plin.) ; —some, dulcis.
top, I. n. 1, summits with noun (e.g. summits
mons); from — to toe, tutus, or by adv. penilus,
omnino, prarsus (= altogether) ; see Summit ; 2,
a child's — , turbo. II. adj. summits ( = highest) ;
— heavy, gravior ( = heavier than is right).
topaz, n. topazius «r chrysolithus (Pljn.).
toper, n. polator, potvr.
topic, n. urgumi ntum ; see Subject.
topography, n. locorum descriptio.
topsy-turvy, adv. to turn — , omnia turbart
ct miseerc.
torch, n. fax, lacda ( = a piece of wood),
funale ( — wax candle).
torment, I. v.tr. (ex)cruciare (lit. and fig.),
torqucre (lit. = to torture; then tig., both of man
and of bodily and mental pain), slimidare ( =■ to
prick, then lig., e.g. of the conscience), angere(=-
to distress), vexars («= to let anyone have no rest
and peace); to — anyone with questions, alqm.
rogitando obtundere. II. n. cruciatus, -its (lit.
and fig.), tormentttm (lit. = torture ; then fig.
excruciating pain, of body or mind), comb, cru-
ciatus el tormentum, doloris stimuli (= excruciat-
ing pain), tormentor, n. vexator (lig.).
tornado, n. turbo.
torpedo, n. torpedo (= the fish, and perhaps
as t.t. for the explosive).
torpid, adj. terpens (lit. and lig.).
torpor, 11. torpor.
torrent, n. torrent; — of rain, imber torren-
tis modo effusus ; — of words, Jlumtii vcrborum.
torrid, adj. torridus.
tortoise, u. testudo; — shell, testudinis pit-
tumen (Plin.), testudinis testa (Var.).
torture, I. n. tormenta, -orum, n. (lit. and
fig., as a measure to compel prisoners to confess ;
then the instruments used for that purpose,
such as equuleus (= rack) ; cruciatus, -its (of t ho
pain suffered ; also fig., e.g. of the conscience),
qnuestio (of slaves), verbera, -lint ( = lashes).
II. v.tr. 1, lit. (ex)torquere, excaiiiijicare (rare),
in equuleum imponcre, (ex)criiciarc ; to — any-
one at a trial, (tormentis) qnaerere de alqo,
also de alqd re; 2, fig. (ex)cruciare ; see Tor-
ment, torturer, n. tortor,carni/ex( = execu-
tioner).
toss, I. v.tr. mittere, jaculari, jactare ; see
Throw, Hurl. II. n. jactus, -us, jactatlo.
total. I. adj. totus, cunctus, universus, omnia.
Adv. omnlno, plane, prorsus, fuuditus (with
verbs of destroying, etc.), ))enitus or by tutus
(e.g. totus ex fraud efacltts). II. n. summa (of a
debt ; also in summa exercitus tuenda, the whole,
i.e. the main part of the army, Caes.), sulidum
(of a debt), totality, n. nniversitaa, summa or
by adj. Total.
totter, v.intr. labare, i nutare, vacillate (to
vacillate), titubare (like one that is drunk, asleep,
etc.).
touch, I. v.tr. 1, lit. tangere, attingere, con-
tingere (all three also = to border, of countries,
etc.) ; 2, flg. = affect, (<x>m)movlre, alqm dolore,
etc., afficere ; = relate to, pertinere ad; — at
(of a ship), (navem) appellere, appelli ad or
in; to — upon, leviter tangere, breiiter or stric-
tim attingere, brevitsrpsrstringire. II. n. tactio,
tactus,-us( = the act or sense) ; lig. a — of art, etc.,
perhaps aliquid, with gen. of noun, touch-
ing, I. adj. animum (com)movtns, miserationem
or misericordiom movent. II. prep, de ; see
Concerning, touchstone, n. cStieula, lapis
Lydius (Plin); tig. obrvssa (=test, whether
anything is first-proof). tOUChy, adj. inullis
ad accipiendam offensionem (e.g. animus, Cic),
irritabilis ( = irritable), Iracit mitts.
tough ndj. lentvi (lit. and lig.). tough-
ness, n. leitiitia.
tour, n. iter, itineris, n. ; to make — , etc., ffcr
facfre. tourist, n. see Traveller,
tou
890
tra
tournament, n. by certamen equitnm hastis
concurrcntium.
tow, n. stuppa.
tow, v.tr. trahere; to — line, funis, -is.
toward, I. prep, ad, in, versus (always after
its noun) with accus. (e.g. ad orientem, — the
east, Brandisium versus); also adversus (e.g. nd-
versus montem, - [motion] —the mountain) ; to
go— anyone, obviam ire alci ; with a wider ap-
plication of the idea of direction, denoting dispo-
sitions, inclinations, etc., as, — a person, adver-
sus, erga, in with accus. (est enim 2>ictas just H in.
adversus dcos, = piety is justice — the gods);
genit. merely (carilas patriae, = love — one's
native land); ad meridiem, = — midday; sub
vesperum, = — evening. II. adj. sec Docile,
Obedient.
towel, n. mantela (riiantile).
tower, I. n. turris; a — of strength, fig.,
arx or praesidium. II. v.intr. ex alqo loco cm i-
nire, exstare ; to — over, alci loco imminere ; to
be in a — ing rage, iracundid efferri.
town, I. n. urhs (also = capital, more par-
ticularly Hume itself), oppidum, nvunicipium. (=
a free city, esp. in Italy) ; — 's-people, oppidani;
— hall, curia; — ship, urbis ago: II. adj.
urticatus.
toy, I. n. see Plaything, = trifles, nugae.
II. v.intr. see Play.
trace, I. n. vestigium, indicium (= sign), in
the pi. comb, indicia ct vestigia (e.g. veneni), sig-
nificatio alcjs rei (= indication, e.g. timoris). II.
v.tr. 1, = to draw, mark out, delineare, desig-
'/tare (with the pencil; <i«. also lig. verbis), de-
scribe re (\\\l\\ the pencil or pen), adumbrare.{= to
shadow out) ; 2, = to follow by footsteps, (odore)
persequi abpn or ulqd (lit. of dogs, etc. ; then of
men), odorari (lit. and tig.), indagare or investl-
gure alqd (lit. and fig), tracer, n. investiga-
tor (fem. investigatrix, late), indagator. tra-
cing, n. investigalio, indagatio. track, I. n.
1, see Path; 2, see Trace. II. v.tr. alcjs or
alcjs rei vestigia persequi, also persequi abpn or
alqd ; see TnACE.
tract, n. I. spatium(= space in ge' 1 ), tractus,
•us (= district) ; see Region, District ; II. =
treatise, libellits. tractable, adj. tmctabilis,
docilis, obsequens, obsequiosus, oboediens facil is (=
willing). Adv. obsequenter, obedicnter. tract-
ableness, n. dbsequiuin, obocdientio, docilitas,
fucilitas, obsequium,
trade, I. n. 1, see Commerce ; 2, = the
business anyone has learnt, ars (= art, also any
mechanical skill, as in Li v. of the — of a
butcher), aiiificium; ars operosa(=an art which
produces something), negotium servile (of the
lower — s, e.g. of a shoemaker, smith, etc.,
and which were carried on by slaves), ars sordi-
da, quaeslus, -us sordidus (inasmuch as the lower
trades and tfie gains made by them were con-
sidered below the dignity of a free Roman and
of the patricians, opp. ars liberalis). II. v.tr.
rem gercre et lucrum facere ( = to do a good — ,
Plaut.), mercaturam or (of several) mcrcainras
facere (as a merchant, more esp. wholesale),
uegotiari (of a money-lender, banker, corn-
dealer, etc.). tradesman, trader, n. canpo
(= huckster) ; see Merchant.
tradition, n. traditio(= handing over, down ;
in the sense of "handing down by verbal — ,"
by memoria if = remembrance in gen.), lit(t)i rue
(in writing), sn-mo or/awn (oral), traditional,
traditionary, adj. posteris traditus or pi'odir
tus (in gen.), lil(iyris enstoditus (in writing).
traduce, v.tr, see Slanpbr,
traffic, I. n. eommercium ; see Commerce.
II. v.intr. mercaturam facere ; see Trade.
tragedy, n. 1, tragoedia ; to perforin a — ,
tragoediamagere; 2, tig. casus, -us. tragedian,
n. = tragic actor, tragoedus, tragiens actor, tra-
gic, adj. tragicus ; in a — manner, tragicomorc ;
lig. trisiis ( = sad), luctuosus ( = mournful, e.g.
cxitium), miserabilis( = wretched, e.g. aspectus),
atrox (= frightful, e.g. res, event). Adv. tragice,
miserabiliter, atrocitcr. tragicomedy, n.
trogicomoedia.
train, I. v.tr. 1, sec Draw; 2, = to educate,
(c)iloccrc, instil ucrc; to — soldiers or athletes, excr-
cere; see Educate. II. n. 1, of a gown, etc., syr-
ma, -atis, n.(= robe with — ), or by quod trahitur,
quod verrit ierram(=sweepihgtheground, of long
dresses); 2, = procession, pompa; 3, = series,
ordo, series, trainer, n. of horses, equorum
domitor ; of athletes, mogistcr (gladiatorum
magisler, Cic). training,']!. riisciji"«M(inthe
widest sense) ; in war, militia? or militaris dis-
cipline; in law, juris civilis disclp. ; in philo-
sophy, philosophiae discip. ; exercitutio (= exer-
cise, both physical and other, e.g. excrc. diceildi,
in speaking) ; see Education.
trait, n. 1, = a touch, linca (e.g. primis
veltit lineis alqd designarc) ; 2, in a person's
character, by adjs. ; an excellent — , praeclaruvti
(e.g. praec. hocquoqxie 1'hrasybvli) , or by propri-
us, followed by genit. (e.g. quod oratoris pro-
prima est), or by genit. and est (e.g. mpientis est,
= it is the — of a wise man).
traitor, n. proditor, majeslatis or pcrdncl-
lionis reus (= one accused of high treason).
traitorous, adj. see Treacherous.
trammel, n. and v.tr. see Fetter,
tramp, I. v.intr. see Travel, Walk. II.
n. 1, iter (= journey); 2, grassator (= foot-
pad).
trample, v.tr. and intr. (^edibus)(con)culcare
alqd; lig. to — under foot, deridere (= to* turn
into ridicule, persons or things, e.g. religion,
res divinas), opprimcre; sec Tread, Despise,
Oppress.
trance, n. secessus, -us mentis ct animi a
corpore, animus a corpore dbstractus.
tranquil, adj. tranquillus. tranquillity,
ii. truiiquillitas (lit. and lig.); see Quiet, Calm.
tranquillize, v.tr. tranquillare.
transact, v.tr. business, rem gercre, agere,
transigere; see Do. transaction, n. res,
negotium; see Business.
transcend, v.tr. praestare alci alqd re, (ex)-
superare abpn, excellere alci (in. alqd re) or inter
alqns ; see Excel, Surpass, transcendent,
adj. praestans, singularis, eximiiis ; see Excel
lent, transcendental, adj. quod sensu oi
sensibus percipi non potest, quod sub sensus noi\
cadit, quod sensibus non subjectum est.
transcribe, v.tr. transcribere ; see Copy.
transcript, n. exemphm (= copy).
transfer, I. v.tr. tra(ns)(j)icere, (lit. legiones
inSiciliam),tra(ns)duccre(lit.),transportare(\H.),
transfcrrc in with accus. (lit. beltum in Italia in ;
then = to translate into another tongue, e.g. ex
Graeco in Latinum ; then = to use in a tig. sense,
e.g. a word, verbum; = to put on another, e.g.
culpam in abpn), transmittcre in with accus. (=
to send over, across as it were, e.g. the war into
Italy), transfundere in or ad with accus. (= to
pour out of one vessel into another, e.g. amorcm
in. abpn, omnes suas laudes ail abpn) ; = to make
over, as a right, (ctm)eedere alqd alci, transcri-
bere alqd, to anyone, alci (in writing, Jet.); to —
apart of, cedcre alcialqd dc alqd re. II. n. trans-
lqtio(= the act of — ing),mancipiniii(»f property),
tra
891
tre
transferable, adj. quod in alqm concederc licet.
transference, n. tra(us)latio.
transfiguration, n. transfigaratio (Keel.).
transfigure, v.tr. (com)mutare; his counten-
ance was — d at these words, quibus diet is ejus
Jades strenior facta est; transjigurare (Eccl.).
transfix, v.tr. 1, transfigere, (con)j'oderc ; 2,
fig. dejigere (alqm gladio) .
transform, v.tr. totumdemtofingireQik =to
form anew); to — into tratis/orniarc in alqm or in
alind, (con)vertere in alqm or abjd (e.g. incancm),
(com)mutare ; see Change, transforma-
tion, n. use verb.
transfuse, v.tr. transfundere. trans-
fusion, by the verb.
transgress, I. v.tr. transcendere (e.g. jus
gentium, movem), violarc(e.g. Jbedus, jus gentium).
II. v.intr. ab officio discedere, alqd contra leges fac-
ers, transgression, n. n'ofono with gen.(= the
act of — , e.g. juris gentium, foederis), pcccalum,
delictum (= fault, etc.); see Crime, Fault.
transgressor, n. violator alcjs rei, or by
verb ; see also Criminal.
transient, adj. brans, fiigax, caducus, in-
etabilis, viutabilis, fluxus, incertus. transit,
n. trousitus, -us (in gen. = the best word for
■ — of a planet) ; goods for — , merces ad
alios populos transeuntes ; — duty, portorium ;
— in a general sense, see Passage, transi-
tion, n. transitu) (from one party to another,
etc.), transitus, -its (lit., and in Quint, fig. of
words, etc.), transgressio (lit. rave), trajectio,
tra(us)jcclus, -us (lit.), transitive, adj. in
gram., a — verb, rerbum transitivum. trans-
itory, adj. see Transient.
translate, v.tr. into another language,
(con)vertere (in gen.), transferre (word for word,
Quint.), reddire (= to render accurately), inter-
pretari(=. to interpret) ; to — into Latin, in Lati-
■num (con)verlire, Latins reddire ; lit., faithfully,
exactly, verbum e verbo orde verba exprimere, ver-
bum pro verba reddire. translation, n. liber
seriptoriscoiiversus or tra(ns)latii3 ; — of a speech,
oratia couversa. translator, n. interpret,
-itis, in. and f.
translucent, adj. pelhicidus; see Trans-
parent.
transmarine, adj. transmarinw.
transmigration, u. by cireumloo. (e.g.
— of souls, aaimarum in nova corpora (quasi)
inigratio).
transmit, v.tr. miltire alci or ad alqm.
transmission, n. missio, or by verb.
transmute, v.tr. see Change.
transom, n. tignum transversum or trans-
Versarium, t must rum.
transparent, adj. 1, pellucidus, tra(ns)lu-
cidus, perspicuus; to be — , pellucere, lucem
transmitters ; 2, fig. widens, vianifestus ; see
Clear. Adv. evidenter, sine dubio, manifests.
transparency, n. vitri pelluciditas (Vitr.),
perspicuitas.
transpire, v.intr. 1, exhalari, emanarc; 2,
= to escap* from secrecy, (di)vulgari, pervulgari,
efferri (foras or in tmlgas), percrebrescere.
transplant, v.tr. transferre (= to remove
persons and things elsewhere, e.g. omncs nobiles
familias Ilomam ; also plants, e.g. brassicam),
tra(ns)dusire (e.g. poptdum Albanum Romam,
gentem in Gallium), transplantation, n.
tra(ns)latio.
transport, I. v.tr. 1, transportare (by land
and by water, persons and things), transferrc (=
to bring across, things), transmitters, tru(ns)jidre
(,— to send across the water, j'ersons and things) ;
= to send to penal settlement, rehgare ; see T! \ v-
ISH ; 2, Bg. bibe — ed(with delight, etc.). efferri,
e.e(s)ultiire, or by special verb (e.g. gau
II. n. 1, naeigium victoriiim, nuvicula vector ia
(=a ship for crossing), navis oneraria (=ship of
burden); 2, animus gaudio ar laetitU gettiens ;
sec Rapture, transportation, n. 1, by
verb; 2, sec Banishment.
transpose, v.tr. trannmtart (e.g. words,
letters, Quint.), transposition, n. tra(ns)-
j" Uo (of wolds), transmittal tn (Quint.).
transubstantiation, n. by transubstanti'
alio (Eccl.).
transverse, adj. irunsversus, Iransversarius
(lying across). Adv. transverse, e trantvem.
trap, I. n. niu&cipulmn or muscipula(Pbaoi.,
mouse — ), htqncus (= noose, — , lit. anil Bg.);
see Snare. II. v.tr. Irretire (lit. and lig.) ;
see Ensnare, trap-door, n. (parva)
trappings, n. ornamrntum, orntttus, -us, equo-
rum (in gen.), phahrue (= horses' head and neck
ornaments).
trash, n. 1, quisquiline (= sweepings), viles
or viltssivute res ; see "Waste ; 2, = nonsense,
gerrae, nugue. trashy, adj. sec Worthless.
travail, I. v.tr. parlurire. II. n. dolor
quern in puerperio abjs perpetitnr, in the context
simply dulores (Ter.) ; in — , by parlurire,
travel, I. v.tr. iter facers (in gen.), peregri-
nnri (abroad), proficisci in or ad or circa, obire,
circumirs (with aeeus.), peragran, pcrlustrare.
II. n. iter, itincris, n. (in gen.), peregrinatio
(abroad), traveller, n. i(tr faciens, viator
(= wanderer mi foot), i'ec/or(= passenger on
board a vessel), peregrinutor, pei-egrinans (= one
who travels or resides abroad).
traverse, v.tr. 1, see Cross ; 2, = to wander
over, pcrcagari (intentionally), obire, t ] if rerrare
(without a defined purpose), ptragran, lutlrare,
perlustrare.
travesty, n. see Pahodv.
tray, u. ferculum.
treacherous, adj. perfidus, perfldumts, infi-
delis, injidus,fallax; dolosus (= cunning), subdolUs
fill a bad aense, = sly). Adv. jKrjidiose, dolose; see
Faithless, treachery, n. prodilio(= betrayal
of a town, etc. ; also umisiliarum, Cic), perfidia,
fraus, -dis, t., dolus (malus), injidelitas.
treacle, n. condimentum ex saccharo factum.
tread, I. v.intr. ingredi; to — in the foot-
steps of anyone, alcjs vesUgiit ingredi; see
Walk. II. v.tr. to — upon, calcarc ; to — under
foot, fig. obtcrire (et calcare) (e.g. libcrtatan), con-
at leave, proculcare (lit. — to trample down ; then
tig., e.g. sertutum, Italiam). III. n. (in)nresnis,
/igium, pes, pedis, in. ; trodden path, viti
tritit.
treason, n. majestas, majestatis(lacsae or mi-
nutac) crimen ; to commit — , majestatcm minucre
or laedere. treasonable, adj., adv. by cir-
cuniloe. with majestas (e.g. accused of treason,
laesae majestatis accusatus).
treasure, I. n. thesaurus, gn;a (lit. = treasury
of the Persian king, then of any foreign prince),
opes, -urn, divitiae(= riches), copia (— quantity,
stoic). II. v.tr. accMi»«toir,eoac«rwre(=tohe«p
up money, —si, conderc. re]x>nire ( = to store).
treasure-house, n. thesaurus, treasurer,
n. praefettus aerarii (Plin.) treasury, n.
aerariwn.
treat, I. v.tr. =to be engaged in anything,
tractate alqm or alnl, rum re alq>H or «'</<' (= to
attend to), disputare, disserin de alqA "', pro-
sequi «!q<l(c,\\ ft learned subject) ; to — a case (of
tre
892
tri
illness), curare morbum ; to — a patient, alqm trac-
tare, curare; = to behave towards anyone, ulqm
habere, alqd re ajficerc, ab[o uti ; to — well, ill, etc.,
bene, mule, etc. ; to — as an enemy, (in) hostium
numero habere alqm, pro hoste habere or dveere
alqm; =■ to entertain, invito.™ (in gen.); see En-
tertain. II. v.intr. to — with (= to negotiate),
agerc cum alqodealq&re. III. n. delectatw(— de-
light), spectacidum (= a show) ; to give anyone
a — , perhaps alqm (delectandi caus(s)d) invitare;
see Entertainment, treatise, n. disputatio,
dissertatio (on a learned topic ; class, only of oral
discussion), liber, libellus(= the book in which
a subject is treated), treatment, n. tractatio,
curatio (= attending to) ; kind — , comitas, huma-
nitas; cruel, unkind — , saevitia ; mode of — ,
tractatio, curatio. treaty, n. pactio, pactum
(— a legal contract between two contending par-
ties, pactio as act, puctum — what has been stipu-
lated), conventio, amrentvs, -us (— agreed upon,
although not legally binding), sjxinsio (=a — of
peace or alliance concluded between the generals
of two belligerent States, but as yet without the
sanction of the latter), foedus, -iris, n. (= alliance
sanctioned by the senate and the people) ; ac-
cording to the — , expnelo, ex convento (Cic). •
conventu, comb, ex jxicto et convento; to conclude
a — with, facere or inire, icere, ferire or pangere;
to break a — , foedus violarc, rumpere.
treble, I. adj. 1, see Three, Triple ; 2, —
voice, vox t sum ma or acuta. II. v.tr. alqd
triplex facere.
tree, n. arbor, f. ; apple — , pear , etc.,
malus, f., pirns, f., etc. ; see under name of
special fruit; 2, see Pedigree.^
trefoil, n. trifolium (Plin.).
trellis, n. see Lattice.
tremble, v.intr. tremcre (in gen.), contremis-
cere, intremiscere (all these, witli fright, and both
of persons and things), micare( = to have a tremu-
lous motion, like flames, e.g. of the vehts),vacittare
( = to shake), horrcre( = to shudder with cold, fear,
of persons); to — forfearof anything, tremerealqd
(e.g. virgas ac secures didatoris), contremiscere
alqd (e.g. vinculo), extimeseere alqd (e.g. pericu-
lum); to cause to — , alqd tremefucerc. trem-
bling, I. adj. tremens, tranebtmduc [ u ~- a single
case), tremulus (= constantly). II. n. tremor;
with — , tremens; without — , intrepide.
tremendous, adj. 1, terribilis; see Ter-
rible ; 2, ingots, immanis. Adv. valdc, vehe-
ment?); magnopere, maxime.
tremulous, adj. see Trembling, I.
trench, I. n. fossa ; sec Ditch. II. v.tr.
fossom fodere or face re ; to — upon, see En-
croach.
trencher, n. see Plate.
trepan, I. n. modiolus (Cels.). II. v.tr.
calvarium or os capitis modiolo prrforare.
trespass, I. v.intr., lit. in alienum fundum
ingredi (Jet); tig., see Transcress. II. n.
1, lit. use verb; 2, fig. alcjs rei. violatio (the
act), injuria alci rei illata (as a fact); see
Tr\nsgress. trespasser, n. lit. qui in alie-
num fundum ingreditv.r ; fig. alcjs rei violator.
tress, n. comae ( = hair).
trial, n. tentalio (tempt-), experiment inn, aperi-
ent ia ( = the experience gained by the — one has
made), per ielitatio (with a risk), periculum(= ex-
perience gained with respect to anything, even
with attending danger), amatus, -ii*(=atteinpt);
tn make a — , pericidum facere alcjs rei ; — in law,
judicium, interrogate (— examination in court.,
e.g. of a witness), tptaestio (as a whole) ; put, on
his — , alqm jnstvlare or accusare alcjs rei. try,
. v.tr. tev.taret = to — \o find a tiling out, what it
is, etc.), experiri (= to see how it answers, as the
result of tentarc), pcrhiitari. (with a risk, all the
foregoing ahpn or alqd), pericidum facere alcjs or
alcjs rei, explorure ( = to examine, to explore),
gustatu ciplorari alqd (by tasting, wine, etc.);
= to attempt, ten/are (tempt-), conari (generally
witli inlin. ; with respect to the beginning of an
undertaking), (e)niti ut or nc; in law, to — a
case, judicare, cognoscere or quaerere de alqd re.
tried, adj. spectatus, cognitus, probxdus, comb.
spectalus et probatus. trying, adj. gravis, mo-
lest us ; see Troublesome.
triangle, n. trigdnum, triangvlum. tri-
angular, adj. triangulns, triquetrus ( = three-
sided).
tribe, n. 1, tribus, -us, f. (=a division of the
people among the Romans) ; by tribes, tributim;
fellow — sman, tribulis; 2, in wider sense,
gens, populus ; sec Nation, tribal, adj. by
genit. of tribus, -iis, or gens.
tribulation, n. miseria, res miserae or
afjlictac; see Trouble.
tribunal, n. 1, tribunal (= platform for the
magistrates in the forum, e.g. in Rome for the
praetor) ; 2, judicium (= Court, which see) ; to
summon anyone before a — , alqm in judicium
voca re.
tribune, n. tribunus militum or militaris
( = military — ), tribunus plebis (of the people).
tribuneship, n. tribunatns, -us, tribunicxa
jxttestas.
tribute, n. tributum, vectigal (often in kind),
stipendium (in money), tributary, I. adj.
vectigalis (= paying taxes), tributarius ( = paying
poll and land tax), stipendiarius ( = paying a cer-
tain sum annually, of persons, more particularly
of States that pay — ). II. n. — of a river, by
ciicumloc. (e.g. a — of the Rhone, flnmen quod
in Rhodanum influit).
trick, I. n. rfo/»s(=cunning), fraus ^decep-
tion), ars, artificium ( = artih'ce), machina (= stra-
tagem), <cWiiia(Coni.); all manner of— s, uslutiae;
conjuror's — , praesligiae; to play anyone a — ,
dolum alci ncctere. II. v.tr. and intr. see De-
ceive, Deception, trickery, n. fallacia ; see
Deception, trickish, adj. versutus.
trickle, v.intr. manure, \rorare, stillarc alqd
re.
trident, n. tridens.
triennial, adj. t trietericus. triennium,
n. triennium,
trifle, I. n. res parva or parvula, res minuta,
mnnusculum ( = a small present), res parvi mo-
menti ( = a matter, tiling of trifling importance),
often also by the adjs. parvus, levis, 2>erlevts ; — s,
res parvae or minutac, nugae (the latter also of in-
significant — ) ; to buy anything for a — , pariw
or vili cmirv. II. v.intr. lasciviri (= to play),
nugari (= to talk nonsense), lvdere(= to play, to
frolic), tin«jrfire(=toplaythe fool); to — opp. to
act seriously, alqd negligere. trifler, n. nvgator.
trifling, I. adj. levis, parvus; see Unimpor-
tant. II. n. lascivia ( = playfulness), nugae,
ineptiae.(— absurdities), ludus (= game).
trigonometry, n. * trigonometria (as t.t.
not class.).
trilateral, adj. tribus lateribus.
trill, I. n. perhaps vox or sonus vibrans
(Plin.). II. v.tr. the voice in singing, vrbrissare
(late).
trim, I. adj. see Neat. II. v.tr. in gen. oh t d
curare ( = to put in due order); = to decorate
the body, etc., (ex)ornarc (e.g. rarid veste) ; to —
the hair, recidcre (= to lop ofT what is too long,
e.g. copillas),(de)tond,erc(= to cutoff, shave. c.<;.
Tri
893
tttl
the hair, hedges, etc.) ; to — trees, arborcs (am-)
pvtare ; to — timber, etc. (in carpentry) (ascid)
(Mare, ascid polire ; to — tlie sails, vela facere,
velapandire. III. v.intr. in politics, consilia
miitare, or fortuuae inservire. IV. n. 1, see
Dke.sk, Ornament; 2, of a ship, perhaps by
navis suis ponderibus librata. trimmer, n.
qui consilia mutat. trimming, n. clavua (—
a .stripe oC purple on the robes of the senators and
equites), ornatus, -its, ornamentum (= ornament),
trimeter, n. versus (-»s) trimetrus (trimetros).
Trinity, n. * trinitos (Eccl.). Trinitarian,
n. qui triplicem Dei naturam esse dicit.
trinket, n. a7lfil)lrt«s(= ring), torques, -is, in.
ami f.(= necklace), or by other special noun ; in
pi. muudus (muiiebris) collectively.
trio, n. = three together, Ires, tria; in music,
conceittus (-its) trium vocum.
trip, I. v.intr. 1, nffendere; 2, fig. errare, labi,
labi el cadere, offenderc ; to — along, celcriter ire.
II. v.tr. supplantare alqm. III. n. 1, see
Stumble; 2, Error; 3, = a journey, Her; see
Journey, Excursion.
tripartite, adj. tripartUtts (triper-).
tripe, n. omdsvm(= the thick fat intestines of
a bullock, Schol. Hor. Ep.), omentum porci
(Juv.).
triple, adj. triplex; see under Three.
tripod, n. tripus.
trireme, n. (navis) triremis.
trisyllable, n. trisyllabum verbum.
trite, adj. (= often repeated, worn), (con)trl-
ttts, communis, communis el contritus.
triumph, I. n. 1, in honour of a Roman
victory, triumphus; to celebrate a — , triumph-
are, triumphuM ayere or habere, ovare (if inferior
to a — ) ; to celebrate a — over anybody or over
a people, de alqo or ex alqd terra triumphare ;
2, fig. victoria (= a victory), ex(s)ultatio, lae-
titia, yaudium (-ioy). II. v.intr. 1, triumphare,
triumph-urn aye re or habere, ovare (of a lesser
triumph), over, de alqo ; 2, fig. ex(s)ultare,
laetari ; over anyone, viucere alqm. trium-
phal, adj. 1, = belonging to a Roman triumph,
triumphal is ; — procession, triumphus; in a — ,
in trivmphn, per triumphum, triumphant; 2,
fig. or triumphant, = victorious, victor; =
in high spirits, yestiens, elatus, ex(s)nltans.
triumvir, n. triumvir, triumvirate, n.
triumviratus, -us.
trivial, adj. by (con)lrihts, communis, levis,
parvi moment'i; see Trifling. triviality,
n. by adj.
trochee, n. trochaeus.
troop, I. n. catena, yrex; — s, globus, manns,
copiae, milites, manus, -us, f., ala (of horse), cohors
(= cohort). II. v.intr. convenire, coire, conjluerc.
trooper, n. eques, -Ms, ra. ; see Cavalry,
Horse.
trope, n. verbum tra(ns)latum, verbi tra(ns)-
latio, fropus (Quint.).
trophy, n 1, tropacum; 2, fig. see Me-
morial.
tropical, adj. 1, — fig. tra(ns)latus ; 2, =
belonging to the Tropics, by genit. of noun ;
see Tropic; — heat, acstus, -us, ardentissimus.
tropic, n. in astronomy, circultts, orbis, in. ;
— of Cancer, circultts solstitialis; of Capricorn,
circulus brumalis ; the — s, = very hot countries,
regiones torridue.
trot, I. v.tr. citato yrudu or perhaps tolu-
tim ire (of a horse), citato equo vchi (of the
rider). II. n. gradus, -us, citatus, gradus tolu-
Wis.
troth, n. fides ; to plight — , fidem alci date.
troubadour, n. poeta amatorius (ns poet),
ciharoedUB (as singer).
trouble, I. v.tr. agitate ( = to set in motion,
e.g. water, wind; hence of the mind, to tor-
ment), exugitare ( = to drive from one place to
another, neighbours, the State, also of the con-
science), commovire (= to disturb), (cnn)turbare,
perturbare ( = to confuse anyone, or anyone's
mind) ; = to atllict, sol(l)iciturc, sol(l)icitum
habere, so(I)licitudine or aeyritudiue ajlicerc, sol-
(l)icitudiuein or aegritudinem aid afferrt, ulqm
vexare, anyere, excruciate alcjs auimnm et sul(l)i-
citare ; may I — you to hand me this book, des
mihi, quacso, hunc librum; to — oneself about
anything, alqd curare; not to — about anything,
alqd neglegere ; to — anyone with entreaties,
alqm precibus obtundere or fatigare. II. n. 1,
= disturbance of mind, auimi motus, -Os, per-
turbatio, so(l)licitudo (= painful anxiety), augoT
( = anxiety, anguish); 2, = molestation, biter,
molcstia, onus, -eris (= burden), incommodum
(= inconvenience]), difficult^ (= difficulty) ; sec
Annoyance; to give — to, molest ia m alci affcrre;
see under l. ; 3, = pains, opera ; to take — over
anything, alci rci operant dare; great — , omni-
bus virions contendere ut ; with great — , aegre,
vix ; without — , sine neyotio. troubler, n.
turbator, or by verb, troublesome, adj. mo-
lestus, 0ravu-( = givinggi'eattrouble),Hii't/m»io</HS,
iniquus ( = inconvenient), durus( = hard), operc-
sus, laboriosus (^ laborious), odiosus (of what, we
hate), difficilis(o( what has its difficulties), comli.
gravis et ineommodus, gravis et odiosus, laborio-
sus moleslnsque, odiosus et molestus.
trough, n. alvens.
trousers, n. lrrac(c)ae.
trowel, n. trulla (late, but trullissare, = to
use a — , Yitr.).
truant, adj. and n. by 5«! iudo lit(t)er(irum
abest.
truce, 11. indutiae.
truck, n. 1, = barter, (pci>wta<io return;
2, see Barrow.
truckle, v.intr. morem alci gerire (— to
please), alci assentire.
trudge, v.intr. sec Walk.
true, adv. verus ; sincervs, germanus (the
two foregoing = genuine), comb, verus et since-
rus, verax (— veracious), ji dus, fidflis (= faithful);
in answers, — ! eerie ; see Yes ; as — as 1 live,
I know, ita vicam, nt scio ; as — as 1 live, I
don't know, nc vivam si scio. Adv. vere, sincere,
profecto (- certainly), sane, certe, certe qnidem;
see Really, trueborn, truebred, adj. (e.g.
Englishman), verus et sincerus (e.g. Stoicus), ger-
manus. truehearted, adj. fidllls, sim)>lex.
trueheartedness, n. (animi) fidilitas, am-
plicitas. truth, n. Veritas (as quality), vcrum
(= what is — ) ; to speak — , vcrum, vera diccre ;
strict — , summa Veritas; historical — , historiae
fides (Ov.) ; according to — , ex re," in — , ivro,
sine dtibio, profecto, plane, enimvero, or as two
words, ciiim wo; see Indeed, Really, truth-
ful, adj. renw, verax, vcridicus (rare). Adv. se6
In truth above, truthfulness, n. ventas,
veritatis studium or amor.
trump, v.tr. and 11. where possible use word
from dice (e.g. Venus, jactus, -us, ccnemts or
basilicus); a — , = good fellow, optimus (homo).
trump up, v.tr.Jlwjere; see Invent.
trumpery, n. sec Trash, Trifle.
trumpet, I. n. tula (straight), !>i<cuia, litu-
11s. corilll (curved), classicum (usually = signal
given bv coruu) ; the — sounds, classicum camt
(canere also in pass., classicum oani fuoit, Caes.,
tru
S54
tur
eo also bellicum, Wilre and cnni); to sound the
— for retreat, rcceptui canert. II. v.tr. fig. =
to prop' .de praise, bucinatorcm esse alcjs rei,
alqd praedicare. trumpeter, n. tubicch, hue-
inutor ; iig. bucinator.
truncheon, n. scipio ; = cudgel, fustis, m.
trundle, v.tr. volvere.
trunk, n. 1, of a tree, tnincus, stirps ; 2, of
the body, truncus (often corpus can be used) ; 3,
= chest, area ; see Chest ; 4, of an elephant,
nanus, -its (Cic), proboscis (Plin.).
truss, n, = bandage, fascia; — of hay,
fascis.
trust, I. n. 1, = confidence, fidveia, fides,
spes firma or bona; — in oneself, fidentia ; 2,
anything — ed to anyone, quod alci manda-
tum (in gen.), creditum or depositvm est; 3, =
credit, i.e. to take on — , fide sua entire. II.
v.intr. (conyidere, credere, alcifretvm esse alqo or
alqd re (= to build on) ; not to — , alci diffidire.
III. v.tr. alqd alci (con)cretlere, committere, com-
mendare, ; to — yourself altogether to, se totiim
alei committere, omnia consiiia alci credere.
trustee, n. enstos, administrator, procurator;
see Trusty, trustworthiness, n. constan-
tia, fides; see under Trial, trustworthy,
adj. certus, finnus, eonstans (opp. variits, mobilis),
certus et eonstans, firmusct eonstans, fldvs,fidelis.
tub, n. doliuiii, mulctra(= milk-pail), labrum
(= vat).
tube, n. tubus ; see Pipe.
tuber, n. tuber, -iris, n. (= anything that pro-
trudes, more esp. a bump, swelling), tubercle,
n. (in anatomy), tuberculnm (Cels.). tuberous,
adj. tuberosus.
tuck, I. v.tr. to — up a garment, succingcre;
the hair, comam in nodum t religare, capillos in
vodum rcolligerc. II. n. see Fold.
Tuesday, n. "dies Martis.
tuff, n. tophus (tofus).
tuft, n. e.g. a — of hair, crinis (or pi. crincs),
of wool, flocm.s ; a — of grass, fasciculus (of
flowers, also of flax) ; a — of feathers, crista (= —
or plume on the head of a bird, comb of a cock,
crest or plume of a helmet), tufted, adj. cris-
tatvs.
tug, I. v.tr. trahere. II. n. navis quae aliam
narem trahit.
tuition, n. see Instruction.
tulip, n. *tulipa.
tumble, I. v.intr. = to roll about, volutari
(e.g. in Into), se volutarc; sec Pall. II. v.tr.
omnia pcrturbare or miscerc. III. n. see Fall.
tumbler, n. 1, = acrobat, petanrista, m. ; 2,
= glass, poculum; 3, see Pigeon.
tumid, adj. tumidus, infiatus, turgens, lu-
mens; — words, ampidlac (Hor.).
tumour, n. tumor, tuber, -cris, n. (= any
swelling), struma (= scrofulous — ).
tumult, n. 1, = great noise, Ivmultus, -us,
tumnltuatio (rare), strepitns, -its; see Noise; 2,
= excitement of the mass, seditio, motvs, -its, con-
citatio(e.g. 2ilcbis contra patres), tumullus, -l1s(in
the Roman sense, of any rising of a conquered
tribe, e.g. of the slaves, the country people, the
allies, etc., against the Romans themselves); see
Rebellion, tumultuary, tumultuous,
adj. tumultuosus, turbulcutus (= turbulent),
comb, seditiosus et turbvlciitus (e.g. civis); see
Disorderly, Noisy. Adv. tumultuose, turbu-
lente.
tumulus, n. tumulus.
tun, ii. doiivm, c?</«t(= cask), as liquid mea
pure use centum urnae; see Ton.
tune, I. it. = a short air, cuntus, -us, carmen
(= song), modi, nnmeri, moduli ; to be in — , con-
centum servare; out of — , absonus. II. v.tr. a
musical instrument, fides ila contendere nereis
vt concenlum servare possint (Cic). tuneful,
ndj. canorus, musicus; see Musical, tuner, n.
by the verb, tuning, n. by the verb.
tunic, n. tunica.
tunnel, I. n. cuniculns. II. v.tr. cunicuhim.
fit car.
tunny, n. thynnus or thunnus (Plin.).
turban, n. milra.
turbid, adj. turbidvs (= disturbed, e.g
aqua; well, scaturigo ; weather, sky, caelum).
turbot, n. rhombus.
turbulence, n. omnium rerum perturbatio,
tumullus, -its; see Tumult, turbulent, adi.
turbulentns.
tureen, n. patina.
turf, n. caespes, -itis, m. (= sward, sod),
turgid, adj. tumidus ; see Tumid.
turmoil, n. htrba ; see Tumult.
turn, I. v.tr. to — a wheel, etc., (conytorqvere,
circumagere (round, e.g. hand-mills), distorqvere
(in different directions) ; to — anything round,
in orbem torqvere or circumagere, t rolore (like a
wheel); rertere (e.g. vavcm, currmn), convertcre
(quite round, stating the terminus ad quern, hence
with ad or in with accus.), rersare (lit. = to
twirl about, fig. mentemad nmucm meditiam, etc.),
ficctire (= to bend, lit. and fig.), circumverttre,
intorquere (round towards one side, e.g. oculos
ad alqd), retor<j?(ere(back, e.g. oculos ad <d<td); to
— one's back, (con)rerti, se (con)vertere (lit.
terga (con)rertcre = to take to flight, of soldiers),
abire, decedere, disccdere (= to go away) ; to —
the mind to, anim/um ad alqd advertere, or in
one word alqd animadvertere ; to — the scale,
by facire ut altera lanx deprimatur (lit. or fig.);
to — a coat, vestem reficere; to — with a lathe,
tornare; = to change, e.g. to — goods into
money, vendere; see Sell, Transform, Change ;
to — one's eyes upon, oculos con(j)icerc in
alqd ; to — away, dimittere (= send away) ;
sec Dismiss; to — out; see Expel; to' —
over; see Transfer, Consider. II. v.intr.
se (con)certirc, (con)verti ; to — from side to
side, se I'ersare (of one who does not know what
to do or to say) ; see Change, Become ; to
— away, se avertere; to — back, redire, revcrti;
to — in, cnbitum ire ; see Bed ; to — into ; see
Chance, Become; to — off, defiectere, declinare
de alqd re; to ■ — out ; see Become ; to — out
well (of a thing), bene or belle evenire, bene or
prospere radere, prospere procedure or succedere ;
very well, alci res fanste, feliciter prospereqve
evenire ; head — s round, by vertigine laborare ;
of leaves, colorem mntari. III. n. 1, Totatio
(of a wheel); see Turning; 2, see Winding;
3, see Change; 4, of affairs, things take a
good — , res in meliorcm station conversa est;
things take a bad — , res male vcrtit, omnia in
pejorcm partem verluntvr et mutuntur ; 5. it is
your — , nunc twte sunt partes; 6, in a fig.
sense, e.g. the — of thought; see Form, Cast,
Shape, Manner ; 7, in writing, e.g. to give a
guod shape, etc., sententiam apte conformare;
to give a more elegant — , alqd clcgantius di-
cere ; different — s, variaefigurae et verba, turn
against, I. v.tr. alqm ah alqo al tenure. II.
v.intr. at) alqo alienari. turn over, v.ti.
see UrSET ; to — a book, librum erolvere ; to
— a new leaf, mores cmendare. turncoat,
n. qui de sentenlid decedil, qui scntentiam or
consilium mutat. turner, n. qui alqd tornat.
turning, n. 1, versatio (e.g. machinarum,
till?
835
limb
Vitr.), rotutio (Vitr.), circumactio (round, VitrA
conversio, circumactus, -us, flams, -us(= bending),
declinatio (= — aside, e.g. of tlie body) ; see De-
viation ; 2, = the art of — , ars tomundi; 3, of
a road, or Jiexus viae, or iter or via. turnkey,
n. janitor or custos carceris. turnpike, n.
tube ma ad viarum veetigal exigendum construct a,
or perhaps taberna vectigalis.
turnip, n. rapum.
turpentine, n. resina terebinthlna (Cels.).
turpitude, n. turpitudo; see Disgrace,
Shame.
turret, n. turricula.
turtle, n. 1, — dove, turtur ; 2, a fish, tes-
tudo (— tortoise).
tush, interj. st !
tusk, n. dens.
tutelage, n. tutlla; see Protection, tu-
telary, adj. — god, of a place, dens praescs
loci, deus qui loco praesidet, deus cujus tutelae or
cujus in tuteld locus est ; of a family, penates,
■ium, m. (= the private gods in each separate
home ; there were also penates publici, as pro-
tectors of the city, the temples, etc.), lares,
-{i)um, in. (= the house or family gods of the
Romans), tutor, n. 1, see Guardian ; 2,
magister, pracceptor ; private — , praeceptor do-
mesticus ; see Tea.cu.
twang, I. .v.intr. e.g. bows, crepare, crepi-
tare, sonars. II. n. crepitus, -iis, soma, sonitus,
-us.
tweak, v.tr. vellere, vellicare.
tweezers, n. vohella.
twelve, adj. duodceim, duodeni (= — each),
— times, duodecie(n)s ; — hundred, mille et
ducenti, milleni et duccni (= 1200 each, also 1200
in one sum, hence always with nouns that are
used only in the pi.), — hundred times, mil-
lie(n)s et duccntie(n)s. twelfth, adj. duo-
decimals; heir to the — part, hens ex uncia.
twelvemonth, n. annus.
twenty, adj. viyinti, viceni (— — each).
twentieth, adj. vicesimus.
twig, n. virga, surculus, ramulus.
twilight, n. crepusculum ; in the — , crepus-
culo, prima vespere.
twin, n. and adj. geminus; — s, gemini.
twine, I. v.tr. circumvolvcrc, flectcre, (in)tor-
quere; see Twist. II. v.intr. implicari, im-
plecli; to — round anything, alqd circumileeti,
se circumvolvere alci rei (= to wind round, e.g.
urbori, of a plant). III. n. linum ; see String.
twinge, I. v.tr. urcrc; see Pinch. II. n.
dolor, cruciatus, -us; sharp — s of pain, acres
dolorum morsus ; — of conscience, dolor.
twinkle,' v.intr. fcoruscare (of a flame, a
flash of lightning, of the rays of light), micare
(= to glitter, of amis, stars, etc.), fidgere (= to
shine, to reflect rays of light, of arms, etc.), scin-
tillare (— to sparkle, of the eyes, etc.). twink-
ling, n. 1, fulgor (= brightness, e.g. armorum) ;
2, in the — of an eye, temporis pnncto.
twirl, v.tr. vcrsare; see Spin.
twist, I. v.tr. (in)torquerc, obtorquere (in
past part, obtorta gula, = twisted neck), (in\flrr-
tire, nectere, texirc (= to form, put together,
weave). II. v.intr. sc torquere, jlectire, torquiri,
fleet i.
twit, v.tr. anyone with anything, 'alqd alci
ob(j)icere.
twitch, v.intr. vellere, vellicare.
two, adj. duo, bini (= — each) ; a period of —
Cays, biduum ; a period of — years, bicnniiim;
— -footed, ]bipes ; —fold, duplex; — -coloured,
t bicolor ; — headed, biceps; — edged, bipennis ;
— handed, duas manus habeas; — hundred,
ducenti, duccni (- — hundred each), twice,
adv. 6m; — as much, bis tamtam; - as great,
tdtrro parte major.
tyP6> n. 1, = model, exemplar, cxemplum,
forma; 2, = symbol, flgura, signijicatin,
imago (Eccl.); 3, = letters, lit(t)crarum foimar.
typical, adj. typicus (Eccl.). typify, v.tr.
alqd sensibus sub(j)icere, oculis or sub oculis
(alcjs) sub(j)icerc; see Represent, typogra-
phical, adj. e.g. — error, *mendum typoyra-
phicum, erratum typographicum (not class.).
tyrant, n. tyrannus (=a usurper; after-
wards = a despot, anybody that is cruel, but in
the latter sense always with an adj., such as
crudelis, intolerandus, scwhs et violeutus, e.g.
tyrannus sacvissimns et violcntissimus in suos,
Cic), dominus (^sovereign ruler), comb, dominus
et tyranuMs ; in gen. sense, = cruel person, homo
crudelis (saevus, etc.). tyrannical, adj. lyran-
nicus (of usurpers, despotic, e.g. laws, deeds,
cruelty), c™?i7is(=crnel). Adv. tyrannice(=iu a
despotic manner, e.g. statuere =to act as master,
judge, etc. in alqm, Cic), crudeiiler (= cruelly).
tyrannize, v.intr. to — over anyone, lyrannial
crudclitate importune vexare alqm (of a people, a
country, Just,), tyrannicc in alqm statuere; to
— over a State, eivitatem serritute opirressatn
tenere. tyranny, n. tyrannis, -idis,'t., or in
pure Latin domtnatio or dominatus, -us, or domi-
natus regius (of a usurper), dominatio crudelis
or impotens or superba or crudelis svperbaque
(implying a cruel government), crudelitas (=
cruelty in gen.).
tyro, n. see Tiro.
u.
ubiquity, n. omnipraescntia (Eccl.), or by
qui (quae, (plod) omnibus locis praesens est.
ubiquitous, adj. omnibus locis praesens.
udder, n. ubrr, -cris, n.
Ugly, adj. diformis (= disfigured), turpis,
(— shameful), tiler (= nasty), ooscinus (= ob-
scene), focdus (— abominable, horrible ; all both
lit. and fig., of persons and things). Adv. di-
formiter (e.g. sonare), turpitcr, teterrime, obscene,
focde. ugliness, n. deforniitas, turpitudo (=
moral — ), obscinitas faeditas.
ulcer, n. ulcus; see Abscess, ulcerate,
I. v.intr. suprnirare (Plin.). II. v.tr. vlcerare.
ulcerous, adj. ulceroms (Tac).
ulterior, adj. = further, ulterior : Bee
FURTHER ; of places, objects, etc., quae cel(I)iquuc
sunt, quae rcstant, or by alia, cetera.
ultimate, ndj. extremus, ultima*: see Fur-
thest, Last, Final. Adv. ad citremnm, ad
ultimum, poslremo; sec Last, End. ultima
turn, ii. perhaps extrima condicio.
ultra, Latin, only in composition; to be
— Tory, ultra modum optimutmm partes urn*
pledi.
ultramarine, n. color mcruleu* or cyaucus
(Plin.).
umbrage, n. 1, see Shade; 2, fig. to give
— to, by alqs alqd argre or moleste ferl or portl-
tur, in offeuslouem olrjs cttdere; to 1 ;iL>- — at,
faslidire ulqil (= to 'disdain) ; see Offekcs,
umbrageous, adj. sec Siiaov.
utnb
8m
Unb
umbrella, h. umbella (= parasol, Mart.,
Juv.), i umbraculum (Ov.).
umpire, n. arbiter (= arbitrator); decision
Of an — , arbitrium.
un-, a prefix, its a particle of negation or of
privation ; by die prolix in (e.g. ingrains), or by
■non (when a thing cannot and dues not exist),
or by sine with a noun in tlio ablat.
unabashed, adj. 1, = t'mn, constans, firmus,
interritus ; 2, — shameless, impudens.
unabated, adj. integer (= whole).
unable, adj. by circumloc. with non posse,
neqnire.
unaccented, adj. syllaba sine accentu ennn-
tiatu.
unacceptable, adj. ingratus.
unaccompanied, adj. 1, solus, incomita-
tus, sine comitalu; see Alone; 2, of the voice,
sine symphonid (Plill.).
Unaccomplished, adj. imjwrfeclus, inchoa-
tus (= only commenced) ; to leave anything — ,
alqd inchoatnm or imperfeclum etc rude relinquire.
unaccountable, adj. see Inextricable.
unaccustomed, adj. insuetus (of persons
and tilings), to anything, alcjs rei or ad alqd, in-
solitus (of persons and of things, opp. solitus,
e.g. labor, spectacvlum, verba), insolens (of per-
sons, also = unusual, e.g. verbinn), to any-
thing, alcjs rei or in alqd re (e.g. vera, audi-
endi, and in dicendo), inexpertus, to anything,
ad alqd.
unacquainted, adj. with anything, alcjs rei
ignarus ( — who does not understand how to do
any particular thing), imperitus alcjsrei (= inex-
perienced), inscius (= ignorant of anything),
mdis (dejs rei or in alqd re.
unadorned, adj. inornatvs (in gen.), in-
comptus (e.g. caput; then = without rhetorical
ornament, e.g. speech), simplex (e.g. crinis),
parus (of style, language, in Cie. generally =
free from foreign terms and constructions).
unadulterated, adj. sinrfrus (= quite
genuine), integer (— free from spurious mixtures,
opp. vitiatus), comb, sincerity integerque, incor-
ruplvj&(= incorrupt, pure, e.g. senr.:i,fde$).
unadvisable, adj. inutilis (= useless), feme-
rarius, inconsidtus(= rash), quod sine consilioft,
gvod aid parvmprodest, unadvised, adj. in-
consideratus, imprudens, temerarins, inconsultus.
Adv. sine consilio, inconsiderate, impmdenter,
temere, inconsulte.
unaffected, adj. 1, = simple, simplex (e.g.
cibus, also of words), candidus (=. clear, without
hypocrisy, of words and of the speaker), inaffec-
tatus (of an orator, jiicunditos alcjs, Quint.); —
ease and grace (in speeches, etc.), genus dicendi
eandidum, simplicitas (in manners) ; 2, = not
moved, immotus, constons ; to remain — under,
etc., non affici, or more strongly (com)muveri
alqd re. Adv. simpliciter, sinefneo acfullaciis.
unaffrighted, adj. interritus.
unaided, adj. sine auxilio, nullius anxilio
adjutus, non adjntus.
unalienable, adj. qui (qvat, quod) alienari
non potettL.
unalleviated, adj. non mitigatus ; see Al-
leviate.
unallowable, adj. illieiliis.
unalloyed, adj. purus (lit.), sinciirus (llg.).
unaltered, adj. immutaliis, integer (as be-
fore), or by won mittari.
unambitious, adj. mo(fc*fi<.vir by circuuiloc.
qui honores non petit-
unamiable, adj. difficilis; see Ill-tEM>
PER ED.
unanimity, n. consensio, consensio sen-
tentiarum, co ncord ia ; sen Agree, Concord.
unanimous, adj. concors, unanimus. Adv.
und voce, una mente ; to defend a person — , uno
animn atijiie und voce edqm de/endere; — to de-
mand battle, proelium posccre; communi senten-
t id statue re cdqd ; ad nuum omnes decernunt, =
they all to a man determine ; ennetis popidi
suffragiis consvlem declarari, =to be appointed
Consul — ; omnium in unum congrverunt scu-
tentiac, = all were ol' one opinion ; omnibus sen-
teniis absoloi, condemnari, = to be acquitted, to
be condemned — .
unanswerable, adj. qui (quae, quod) refelli
non potest, unanswered, adj. to leave or
remain — , by ad alqm non respondere (of any-
thing said or written), ad alqd nan rescribere
(with regard to something written).
unappalled, adj. interritus.
unappeased, adj. non satiatus.
unapproachable, adj. of places, inviiis;
of persons, ad quern aditus, -its, difficilis est.
unarmed, adj. inermis, inermus (of things),
nudus.
unasked, adj. (sua) sponte, ultra.
unassuming, adj. modest us ; sec Modest.
unattainable, adj. quod atlingi non twtest.
unattempted, adj. to leave nothing — ,
nihil inexpertwm omittcre, omnia experiri.
unattended, adj. incomitatiis, sinecomitibus.
unauthentic, adj. sine anctore editus (e.g.
a tale, fabula), ab hand idoneis auctoribus vulga-
tus (e.g. fabula), sine idlo satis certo anctore
ullolus (e.g. minor), incerlus (e.g. minor).
unauthorized, adj. ilticitus ; to be — to
do a thing, faciendi alqd jus or potestatem non
habere, jure alqd facire non posse.
unavailable, adj. hand in medium 2yrolatus,
inutilis (= useless). Unavailing, adj. irritus,
vanus, fnt(t)ilis.
unavenged, adj. inultus.
unavoidable, adj. inevitabilis, better by
quod evitari non potest, quod evitare or effiugire
non possumus.
unavowed, adj. see Secret.
unaware, adj. inscius, nescius, ignarus.
unaware, unawares, adv. inexpectatus,
inopinatus (when we least think of it or expect
lt),inopinans (= who does not suppose a thing to
happen), necopinatus (= what we do not think
even possible), necopinans(= who cannot suppose
that such a thing would happen), improvisus (=
unforeseen), comb, improvisus atque inopinatus,
insperatus (of what we did not hope, unexpected),
subitus (= sudden), repentinus (= sudden, what
happens quickly and to our surprise), or by
praeter ex(s)pectationem or opinionem, (ex) inopi-
710(0, improviso, (ex) insperato.
unawed, adj. interritus.
unbaked, adj. mains (of biicks, Plin.),
panis non bene cactus (of bread).
unbar, v.tr. reserare.
unbearable, adj. see Intolerable.
unbeaten, adj. e.g. path, non tritus.
unbecoming, adj. see Indecorous.
unbefriended, adj. auxilio or amicis
carens.
unbeliever, n. qui non credit (alqd esse,
etc.). unbelieving, adj. incredulus ; sea
unb
897
unc
above, unbelief, n. see Incredulity, Inki-
celitv.
unbeloved, adj. non amatus.
unbend, v.tr. 1, a bow, arcuin t retendere, re-
mitterc ; 2, the mind, animum remittcre, (re)-
laxare. unbendable, adj. see Inflexible,
Firm.
unbewailed, adj. t infletus, t indefietus,
t indeploratus.
unbiassed, adj. simplex (= without preju-
dice), liber (e.g. liber in consulendo), sulutus, and
chiefly comb, liber etsolutus(= not bound by any-
thing), integer (= free from partiality, e.g. judi-
cium), comb, integer ur. liber (e.g. animus), im-
jmvidvs (= fearless).
unbidden, adj. invoeatiis ; an — guest
(whom anyone brings), umbra (Hor.) ; see
Spontaneous.
unbind, v.tr. (dis)solvere, laxare (= to
loosen).
unblamable, adj. integer, sand us ; see
Blameless.
unbleached, adj. nondwm candidus.
unblemished, adj. purus, integer, in(con)-
taminatus (— not stained by having been in con-
tact), innocens (= innocent), castus (= morally
pure).
, unbloody, adj. incruentus.
unblushing, adj. 1, see Blush ; 2, see Im-
pudent.
unborn, adj. nondum natv.s.
unborrowed, adj. see Original, Genuine.
unbosom, v.tr. conJUeri alqd, se alci pate-
fucere.
unbought, adj. non emptus, \inemptus.
unbound, adj. of hair, passus ; see also
Loose.
unbounded, adj. 1, in/lnitus ; 2, fig. —
passion, see Immoderate.
unbrace, v.tr. (re)htxare.
unbred, adj. male mo rut us.
unbribed, adj. incorruptus, integer (= im-
partial).
unbridled, adj. 1, of a horse, infrenalus,
effrenatus, tinfrenis or infrenus, -feffrenus; 2,
lig. effrenatus ; see Licentious.
unbroken, adj. i/i/e<7er(= whole); of horses,
indomitus.
unbrotherly, adj. parum fralernus.
Unbuckle, v.tr. diffibidare (Slat.), rcfibu-
lare (Mart.), solvere (e.g. knapsack, sarcinas).
Unburden, v.tr. exonerare (lit. and lig.),
liberare, levarc, solvere alqd re.
unburied, adj. inhumatus, insepultus.
i unburnt, adj. crudus (of bricks ; Plin.).
unbutton, v.tr. the coat, vestem discingere
(= ungirdle) ; see also Undo.
Uncalled, adj. inrocatus; — for, non peti-
tun; see Unnecessary.
uncancelled, adj. see Cancel.
uncared, adj. — for, ueglectus.
uncarpeted, adj. sine stragulo.
uncaused, adj. sine cans[s)d.
unceasing, adj. perpetuus, continuus, as-
sidmts; see Incessant.
unceremonious, adj. simplex (= natural),
parum comis (=not polite), ugrestis, ruslicus,
inurbanus (= rude) : — habits, etc., (mortiw)
simplicitas. Adv. simpliciter, rusiice, inurbane:
29
uncertain, adj. incertiu (also = indefinite),
dubius (= doubtful), anccps (= doubtful as re*
gards the issue, e.g. of a war; but never in the
sense of a battle, etc; sec Undecided), ambiguui
(= ambiguous, not to be depended on, e.g. fides);
to be — , incertum or dubium esse iiu ge.,., of
persons and things), dubitare, varil'.trc. hat
haesitarc, animi or animo pendht, susjiensum
eae (— to hesitate), incertum aid esse, in incerto
habere (in gen. of persons 1 , dubiUUione aestuare
(= to be hesitating what to do), in inetrto or in
dubio esse (in gen. of things), non satis constare (=
not to be (piite certain yet, of things); all these
verbs generally with an interrogative, such as
quid and utrum .... on ; — what, to do, in-
eertus quid faeeret; to make anything — , alqd
ad or in incertum revocare, alqd in dubium (/>•)-
VOCare ; to leave anything — , alqd in medio or
in incerto or in dub io rtl inquire ; to walk with
— steps, titubare; see Stagger. Adv. incerle,
incerto, temere (= rashly), uncertainty, n.
see Uncertain.
unchain, v.tr. e vi)iculis eximere, vincida
solvere; see Loosen.
unchangeable, adj. stabilis, constant ; see
Immutable. Adv. stabiliter, constanter. un-
Changeableness, n. stabilitas, constantia ;
see Immutability, unchanged, adj. imiuu-
tatus, integer.
uncharitable, adj. durus (in gen. = hard-
hearted), inlinmauns, humanitatis open (= un-
kind, harsh). Adv. inhumane, inhumuniter.
uncharitablencss, n. animus durus, in-
genium inhumanum, inhumanitas.
unchaste, adj. impurus (= impure), incest us
(with regard to religion and moral purity), impu-
dieus (— having no shame, indecent', libidinosus
(— sensual, of persons and things, e.g. amor),
parum vericundus ( = indiscreet, in. proper), t>h-
sccnus (— obscene, foul); — love, amor libidi-
nosus, libidi nes. unchastity, n. impuritas,
impudicitia, libido.
unchecked, adj. liber.
unchristian, adj. contra legem Christi-
unam.
uncivil, adj. see Impolite, unoivility,
n. see Impoliteness, uncivilized, adj. rudis,
ferus (= wild),'6ar{«iri/s(= foreign, and so rude),
agrestis (= uncultivated), incidlus (= without
culture), ineruditus (= uneducated, untaught),
indoctus (— without literary education).
unclasp, v.tr. rc/ibidare (Mart.) ; see
Loosen.
uncle, n. patruut (— a father's brother),
avunculus ( — a mothers brother); great — ,
pat) uus or avunculus magnus.
unclean, adj. 1, see Dirty ; 2, see Un-
chaste, Foul.
unclouded, adj. serenus (lit. aud fig.).
uncoil, v.tr. evolvere.
uncoined, adj. infectus.
uncoloured, adj. 1, lit. purus; 2, fig. sine
fuco acfalaeiis,
uncombed, adj. jimpexvs, horridus, in-
com(p)tus.
uncomfortable, adj. nwlestus, incommo-
dus; see Uneasy. Adv. incommode, uncom-
fortablcness, n. molestia.
uncommanded, adj. injussus, injussuakjs,
ullro, sponte {sua) (= of one's free will).
uncommissioned, adj. 1, see Unco*
manded ; 2, an — officer, succenturio or o»tio.
uno
898
und
uncommon, adj. varus, tnsotitus, iiMsitatus
(=rare), singuldris, inTnfs, iTtai<dT?i<s(= extraor-
dinary) ; see Rare, Excellent, Extraordi-
nary! Adv. raro, singnldriter, mire ; see
Seldom.
uncommunicative, adj. tectits; see Re-
served.
uncomplaining, adj. pattens.
uncompleted, adj. imperfectus.
uncompounded, adj. simpler.
unconcerned, adj. securus, at, about, for
anything, de alqd re or pro alqd re (e.g. de bello,
hello, pro salute), ncglegens alejs rei (e.g. legis,
amicorum) ; to be — , securum esse.; to be —
about, neglcgere with accus. or by bono esse
v.nimo ; see Indifferent.
unconditional, adj. simplex, absolutus (=
independent of anything else), mostly comb.
(implex ct absolutus, purus (= without any excep-
tion, e.g. judicium, Cic). Adv. simplieiter,
absolute (= without any limitation, Jet).
uncongenial, adj. see Unpleasant.
unconnected, adj. 1, lit. see Separate ; 2,
in speaking, dissohitus, inconditus.
unconquerable, adj. see Invincible, un-
conquered, adj. invictus.
unconscionable, adj. see Unreasonable.
unconscious, adj. 1, = insensible (omni)
sensu earens ; 2, = ignorant, inscius, igndrus ;
I am not — of it, -non sum inscius, non me.fvgit,
iwn, me praeterit, nnn ignoro. unconscious-
ness, n. 1, by circumloc. with sensu carere;
2, by adj.
unconscorated, adj. non consecratvs (opp.
mcratus), 2>rofdnus (opp. sacer).
unconsidered, adj. neglcctus, e.g. to leave
nothing — , oinnia diligentcr circumspiccre.
unconstitutional, adj. non legitimus, quod
contra legem fit.
unconstrained, adj. Itber.
uncontaminated, adj. in(con)taminotus.
uncontested, adj. quod sine certamineflt ;
an — election, comitia quibus alqs nullo competi-
tore deligitur.
uncontrollable, adj. impotens (of persona
and things), effrenalus (= unbridled) ; see Vio-
lent, uncontrolled, adj. B6er(=free); —
sovereignty, dominalus, -its.
unconverted, adj. nondum ad legem Chris-
tianam adductus.
unconvinced, adj. non adductus ad creden-
dum.
Uncooked, adj. e.rudus, incoetus.
uncork, v.tr. relinert (Plaut. and Ter. = to
take the pitch off with which ajar was sealed),
or perhaps obtnromentum cxtrahere.
uncorrupt, adj. incorruptus (lit. and fig.).
uncourteous, adj. see Rude.
uncouth, adj. of expression, insolitvs,
insolens; of manners, incultvs (= inelegant, opp.
cidtiis, e.g. homo, mores), incultvs m»ribus (of
persons), immdnis (— savage), agrestis, msticus
}= rude), uncouthness, n. immdnitos, in-
humanitas ; see Kindness.
uncover, v.tr. detegere, retegere, aperire fall
also fig. of secrets, crimes, etc.), wudare (lit.= to
strip off clothes ; fig. to lay open) ; to — the
head, caput aperire or adaperire,
unction.n. v.ncfio,- extreme — ,unetio extrema
(Eccl.) ; to speak with — , perhaps speciose or
speciosus diccre. unctuous, adj. pinguis ; of
speech. Derhaps speciosus.
uncultivated, adj. of soil, hicultus (opp,
cultus or eansitus), vastus (ab naturd et humane)
eultu = quite barren, e.g. mountain, Sail.); fig.
indoctus, rudis, agrestis.
uncurbed, adj. see Unrridled.
uncut, adj. t immissus (= suffered to grow, of
trees, opp. ennputatus), intonsus (=nnshon} of the
hair, then also of trees), integer (= from which
nothing has been taken, whole).
undamaged, adj. inriolatus (= inviolate),
integer (= still entire, whole).
undaunted, adj. intrepidus; see Intrepid.
undecayed, adj. incorruptus.
undeceive, v.tr. errorem, aid cxtrahere,
eripere, extorquere.
undecided, adj. nondum dijudicatus (=not
yet settled in court, e.g. lis), integer (= still un-
settled, of a thing), dubius (= doubtful, both of
the mind and of events), incertvs (both of per-
sons and things), ambiguus, aneeps(== doubtful as
regards the result, e.g. belli fortuna, in dnbio
esse, of things) ; I am — what to do, dubius or
incertus sum quid facia m ; I am — whether, etc.,
incertus sum, utrum, etc. ; the lawsuit is still — ,
adhuc de. ed re apud judicem lis est ; hla fate is
still — , non habet exploratam rationeui salutis
suae.
undecked, adj. (= unadorned) inornatus.
undefended, adj. indefensus (of a city,
also in Tae. of a lawsuit), nudus (= exposed
to attack).
undcSled, adj. see Unblemished.
undefined, adj. infinitus.
undeniable, adj. cvidens (opp. dubius).
Adv. certe, ccrto, sine dubio.
under, prep, expressing rest : 1, standing
— anyplace, st«o(with ablat., e.g. sub terra, sub
arbore ; with aecus. it expresses the direction
toward the lower part of anything; hence wo
use, with several verbs of motion, sub with
accus., e.g. sub ipsos muros aciem instruere, =
to draw up the army in order of battle —
the very walls), suhtcr with ablat. and actus.,
infra with accus. (of the direction of anything
below towards the lower part of anything above
the former, beneath, e.g. infra lunam nihil nisi
mortale), in with ablat. (e.g. — the shade, in
vmbrd); to have a thing — the coat, alqd veste
tectem tenlre; 2, expressing dependence, etc.,
sub with ablat. (in gen.), cum (= — the superin-
tendence and in company of, etc.) ; — Hannibal,
sub Hannibalc; — the leadership of Hannibal,
ablat. abs. Hannibalc ma gistro ; 3, expressing a
lower measure and rank, as regards rank and
merit, infra, to be — , below anyone, infra
alqin esse, inferiorem esse alqo, alci ccdere ; in
anything, alqd re ab alqo rinci ; see Below;
as regards the quality and quantity, minor
with ablat. (= less, younger than, etc.) ; —
seven years old, minor septcm annis, nondum.
septan annos natus, septimum annum nondum
egressus ; not to sell, etc. — (the price),
minori pretio alqd non venders; 4, in deter-
mining the manner in which auything is
done, sub with ablat., per with accus. (— by
means of); 5, expressing simultaneity, e.g. —
the reign of Romuius, regnante Lomulo, sub
r.omulo'; — this condition, cd condicionc ; —
these circumstances, quae cum ito, sint ; — the
cloak of, alejs rei specie; — sail, passis velis; to
be — anyone's eyes, sub alejs oeulis esse ; to be
— age, impubem esse, liaudsui juris esse. " Under"
in such phrases is often to be rendered by in-
ferior with special ncun, e.g. —-servant, use
famulus inferior, under-current, n. 1, of
und
S99
uiid
water, ftioncn, etc., subterfluetis, or tub terrd
flitens; 2, tig., by circumloc. (e.g. there was on
— of feeling in his words, hacc obscurd quddcm
significations indicavit). under-garment, n.
tunica {inferior), subucula (of a man).
underdone, adj. semicoctus (Plin.).
undergo, v.tr. alqd suhire, susHnSre (=to
carry anything as n burden, to attend to a
thing) ; = to pass through, pati, pcrpcti (to the
end), (per)ferre (— to — to the end), tolerare, per-
fungi alqd re (— to go through it) ; to — punish-
nent, poenas dare or pendere.
underground, adj. see Subterraneous.
undergrowth, n. virgulta, •orum ; see
Underwood.
underhand, adj. clandestinus ; see Se-
cret.
underlay, v.tr. supponere, snb(j)iccre, sub-
dere, substernere (all four with diet, rci or suh
alqd). underlayer, n. 1, qui sub(j)icit, etc. ;
2, = something laid under, fundamentum.
underlet, v.tr. minore pretio locare alqd.
underlie, v.tr. e.g. the suggestion — s the
speech, Uaec per orationem tacite significantur.
' underline, v.tr. lineam ducere subter alqd.
underling, n. (ad)minister, satelles, -itis,
in.
undermaster, n. hypodidascalus.
undermine, v.tr. 1, (cunkulo or cunknlis)
subruere (e.g. a wall, a rampart), suffodcre (e.g. a
mountain, a wall, a town) ; 2, tig. subruere(= to
ruin, e.g. libertatem), evert-cre (= to overthrow,
e.g. rcmpublicam, fundamenta reipublieae), lobe-
factare (—to cause to fall, e.g. rcmpublicam,
amicitiavi).
undermost, adj. injimus (— the lowest),
Imus (— the deepest) ; see Low.
underneath, I. adv. subter, infra ; see Be-
neath. II. prep, see Under.
under-ofiicer, n. perhaps optio, succen-
turio.
underpart, n. pars inferior (= lower part),
(partes) secundae (lit. and tig.).
underpin, v.tr. alqd substrucre (e.g. saxo
quadrato); see Support.
underrate, v.tr. minoris aestimare; see
Lower.
undersell, v.tr. minoris (quam ceteri) ven-
dire.
undersigned, adj. the — , qui nomen sub-
scripsit.
understand, v.tr. =to comprehend (with
the ear or with the intellect); 1, with the ear,
accipere ; 2, with the intellect, accipere (— to
receive in the mind), intellegere (— to form an
idea of anything, hence to comprehend, more
particularly intellegere alqm, i.e. his charac-
ter, his motives, opp. alqm ignorare); compre-
. henderc or amplecti or complecti, all with or
without mente (— to form an idea of), percipen
(= to perceive with the understanding), prr-
spicere (clearly), alqd cerium or exphratum habere
(=to — thoroughly); I don't — - you, ncscio
quid velis ; how am I to — that? quid line sibi
vidt ? heme, to — by it, i.e. to put a construc-
tion on, etc., intellegere or intellegl veils (both
with double accus.), din-re, vocare, appeVare (all
with double accus.); = I mean this, din re with
double accus., interprctari with accus., signifi-
care with accus. ; see Mean ; = to have ac-
quired knowledge in anything, alqd intellegere
(of an accurate knowledge, e.g. mvllas linguas),
scire alqd or with infiu. (=.to have a clear idea of
anything, and to remember it, e.g. mnltas lin-
gua*), Instruclwn csfc alqd re(= bo be versed in
anything), alcjs n I rum ihndrum eae(= not to be
unacquainted with anything), perUum esse alcjs
rei (= experienced, Bkillcd in); to — anything
tolerably, mediocrlter adeptum esse alqd
singularum return singula, Cic); not to — ,alqd
ncscire or ignorare, alcjs rei ignafum eve ; to —
Latin, l.atine scire, doctum esse Lalinis lii(t)eris,
Latinae linguae perxtum esse ; not to — Latfn,
l.atine ncscire; to — riding on horseback, equi-
tandi peritum esse, understanding, n. mens;
see Intellect.
undertake, v.tr. inci]>crc (= to begin),
subirc, aggredi alqd or ad alqd (= to get to it),
sumerc, suscipere (= to take a business into
one's own hands), (in se) recipire (if we take it
oil' anyone's hands), ■moliri (= to try to accom-
plish anything difficult, also with iniin.), conari
(if very laborious, gen. with infin.), andere (at
one's own risk, peril, gen. with intin.) ; to — a
journey, iter incipere or aggredi or inire (on
business), it erfacire (in gen.); to — to make, etc.,
anything, alqd faciendum ennducire; to — to
do (i.e. to pledge oneself), se facturum ease alqd
promoters, undertaker, n. 1, in gen. by
verbs; 2, of funerals, liliithwrius : designator
(who arranged the procession. Sen.); to be an
— , libitinam exercere (Val. Max.). under-
taking, n. inceptio, inceptum, conatus, -its, in.,
conala, -orum, n. , ojms, -iris, n., /acinus, -oris,
n. (= a crime).
undervalue, v.tr. parvum or parvi ducere,
parci acstimars, contcmuire, de s p io trt (= to de-
sjiisu), ccimb. contemners (or despicere) et pro
nihilo ducere, rile habere (= to consider as
trilling).
underwood, n. virgulta, -orum, arbusla,
■orum, silva caedua.
underwriter, n. qui card de or pro alqd
re.
undeserved, adj. immeritus (of what wo
have not deserved, e.g. praise), indignus (= un-
worthy), fcdsus(= false, unfounded, e.g. inridia).
Adv. immcrito. undeserving, adj. immerens ;
see Unworthy.
undesigned, adj. fortuitus; see Acci-
dental. - Adv. fortuito, casu, imprudenter. un-
designing, adj. simplex, candidus.
undesirable, adj. by vilis (= poor) ; see
Worthless, undesired, adj. ultro obtains
( = freely offered), or by adv. ultro.
undetected, adj. secretin ; see Secret.
undeveloped, adj. immaturus, nondum
adultus.
undigested, adj. 1, of food, crudus ; 2, of
plans, etc., imperfectus.
undiminished, adj. integer; see Whole.
undiscerning, adj. hebes; see Stupid.
undisciplined, adj. inextrdtatus, rudis,
tiro (in alqd re), comb, tiro ac rudis.
undisguised, adj. sinctrvs. Adv. sincere.
undisturbed, adj. oUonu (=at leisure),
liber (nb) arbitris. (= lie' from ear or eye wit-
nesses, spies, e.g. locus) ; to live in — peace, in
olio ct pact Divert; to leave anyone — -, ab/m rum
vexare,alqm nan intcrpcllare (= not to interrupt
anyone in Ins work, etc.); they allowed him to
pass through their territory—, cum bona jvre
,,,/,,> jh c ftm - sups transmiserunt.
undivided, adj. Indi visits (e.g. \ingulaequi),
communis (= Iii common). Adv. j.ro indiviso
(ante and post class. ; e.g. possidcrealqd).
und
900
tinf
Undo, v.tr. 1, to — a knot, etc., (dis)solvtre, re-
solrere, expedite; 2, see Ruin, undone, adj.
infectns ; to consider as — , ]>ro infecto halsre;
what is done cannot lie — /factum infeclum fieri
own potest ; = ruined, perdilvs (e.g. peraitus
sum, 2>erii, = I am — ).
undoubted, adj. iion dubius, indubitatus
(= not doubted, post Aug.), certus. Adv hand
dubie, sine diibio.
undress, I. v.tr. to ■ — anyone, txuire alqm
teste (in gen.), detrahere alci vestem (= to take
off), nvdare (= to strip anyone), alqm vcste or
vestibus spoliare (= to rob). II. v.intr. exu&re
(vestem), (de)ponere vestem; a room for — ing,
apodytirium (esp. in baths). III. n. vestis noc-
tnrna (= night-dress), vestis domeslicu (— house-
dress, house-coat, in gen.), undressed, adj.
1, non vestitvs, nudus (both = quite naked, and
without a coat or dress on) ; 2, of bricks, etc.,
crudv.s ; of food, non coctus.
undue, t indebitvs, immodicus (= immoder-
ate). Adv. nimis, nimium ; see Due, Right,
Proper.
undulate, v.intr. tundare (=to rise in
waves, in gen., also of boiling water); see Wave.
undulating, adj. iindatus (Plin. of marks on
shells).
undutiful, adj. impivs (erga alqm); see
Disobedient.
unearthly, adj. non mortalis ; of spirits,
perhaps caelestis.
uneasy, adj. auxins, so(l)licitus ; to be, feel
— (in one's mind), artgi (for fear of some acci-
dent or misfortune), so(l)licitum esse (=to be
troubled), dubitatione acstuare (= to he in great
uncertainty what to do, Cic). uneasiness,
n. (animi) pcrturbatio ; to feel — , perturbari,
commorcri, permoveri. Adv. anxie (rare), melestc,
aegre (e.g. alqdferre).
unedifying, adj. ffigidns, insulsus (of a
discourse, etc.), in worse sense, turpis ; see
Shameful.
uneducated, adj. indoctus, inerudUus
unembarrassed, adj. liber; see Free.
unemployed, adj. negotiis vacuus (in gen.
= free from business), otiosvs (of one who has
leisure to follow his own inclinations, both of
persons and things), nullis occ-ujxitionibus im-
plicatus (= not engaged in any particular busi-
ness), munerum publicorum expers (= not holding
a public office), ab omni mtincre solvtvs ac liber
(of one who holds no office of any kind).
unencumbered, adj. liber.
uneiif'^wed, adj. inddtatus.
unenlightened, adj. humanitatis cxjvrs,
■indoctus.
unenterprising, adj. iners, socors, piger.
unenviable, adj. miser, tristis ; see Piti-
ful.
unequal, adj. inaequalis (of the inward
state of anything), impar (= uneven ; then, not
equal in strength, attainments, etc.), dispar
(= void of equality, not quite equal, both out-
wardly and inwardly), dissimilis (=• dissimilar, as
to quality, etc.), dlversus (= wholly different, in
kind and manner), dissonus (of sounds), iniqnvs
(of a battle, etc.). Adv. inaeqvaliter, imparitcr,
inique. unequalled, adj. maws.
unerring, adj. certus.
unessential, adj. ad rem ipsam or ad rei
naturam non pertinens, quod ad rem non perti-
net, a re alienus, adventicius.
uneven, adj. non aequus, inlquus, inacqua-
bilis, inaequalis, asper {= rough, opp. levis); nn
— number, nvmerus impar, uncvenness, n.
iniqnitas, asperitas ; — of temper, inconstantia
mntubilitasque mentis.
unexamined, adj. inexploratus.
unexampled, adj. fmicns, singiduris, v.ovits
(of what has not been heard or seen before), in*
auditus.
unexceptionable, ndj. e.g. — witness.
testis locuples or probvs; — testimony, testi-
monium firmvm or cerium.
unexecuted, adj. non perfedns, imperfec-
tus ; to leave --. omittere (e.g. :i plan, consilium*;.
unexercised, adj inen-Mtatxis.
unexhausted, adj. l, = untired, t in-
defessvs, integer; 2, = nut used up, integer,
solidus.
unexpected, adj. in(ex)spectatus, inopina-
tus, necopinatvZ 'mprovisus. Adv. (ex) improviso,
contra ex(s)pectaiionem.
unexplored, adj. inexploratus.
unextinguishablc, adj. finexstinelus.
unfading, adj. e.g. — laurels, gloria immor- •
talis.
unfailing, adj. perpetuus (= perpetual), cer-
tus {= sure).
unfair, adj. inlquus (of persons and things,
opp. aequus, e.g. judge, law, condition), injvstus,
(= unjust, of persons and things, opp. Justus,
meritus, debitns, e.g. interest on money), immeri-
t«s(=not deserved, chiefly with, a negative before
it, e.g. laudes hand ivvmeritae) ; it is — ,iniqitum
or injustum est, with aecus. and infill. ; to make
— demands, iniqua jmtulare; to be — towards
anyone, initjunm esse in alqm. Adv. iniquc,
injnste. unfairness, n. iniquitas (in conduct ;
also in the pi.), iniqite or injnste factum (of any
act).
unfaithful, adj. infidelis (opp. fidelis), in-
Jldus (=not to be depended upon, trusted, opp.
fidus), perfidlts, perfidiosus (the latter of one
whose nature it is to be — ); to be — , fid em
fallirc. Adv. infideliter. unfaithfulness,
n. infidelitas, perfidia,
unfamiliar, adj. novus, inusitatus; see
Strange.
unfashionable, adj. qui (quae, quod) contra
consuetudinem fit.
unfasten, v.tr. (re)solvere (= to untie), (re)-
laxare (— to loosen), arcllerc, revellere (= to tear
off), reflgere (of what is nailed fast).
unfathomable, adj. immensus, infinitiis.
unfavourable, adj. = averse, inlquus, to
anyone, alci or in alqm (= hostile), malignus (=
jealous, opp. benigniis), adversus (= contrary),
uversus (= turned away), alienus, iiuypportuwus
(= not suitable), of omens, infaustus, funestus,
sinisier(used both of lucky and unlucky omens ;
see Andrew's Lat. Diet., Sinister) ; — circum-
stances, conditions, res adversae, tempera iniqua.
Adv. intone, maligne, male, inopportune, un-
favourableness, n. iniquitas (e.g. temporum),
inopportunitas, or by adj.
unfeathered, adj. implumis.
unfeeling, adj. sensHs expers, a sensu or a
sensibus alicnatus, nihil scntiens (lit.), durus,
ferns, ferreus, comb, saxeus ferreusque, inlmma-
7ii(3 (fig.) ; to be — , sensu carere, nihil sentire, nvl-
Uus rei sensu movcrl, a sensu abesse or alicnatum
esse (lit.), durum, ferreum, inhumanvm esse, in-
humano esse ingenio (fig.). Adv. dure, duriter,
inhumane, inhumaniter, crudeliter.
unf
901
uni
unfeigned, adj. varus (opp. simidatus), sin-
cents (opp. fucatus), sini2>lex. Adv. verc, sincere,
simplieiter, ex ciniiiiu.
unfeminine, adj. t mascuhts.
unfermented, adj. sine fcrmento (/actus).
unnlial, adj. impius (erga parentcs). Adv.
impie (erga parentcs).
unfit, I. adj. inutilis alci rci or (generally)
ad alqd ; see Unsuitable. II. v.tr. inutilem
reddere. unfitness, n. inutiiitas. unfit-
ting, adj. see In proper.
unfix, v.tr. refigere; see Unfasten, un-
, fixed, adj. mobilis.
unfledged, adj. imphimis.
unfold, v.tr. explicare (lit, and fig.), apc-
rire (= to open; also fig.), explanare (tig., in
words).
unforeseen, adj. improvisus.
unforgiving, adj. implacabilis, inexorabilis;
see Implacable.
unforgotten, adj. by circumloe. (e.g. of an
act of kindness) immortali memorid retincrebene-
ficium perception; what you have done for me
will be — , meam tuorum erga me meritorum me-
moriam nidla umquam delebit oblivio.
unformed, adj. in/ormis(= without shape),
nouduin perfectus (= not finished), of character,
perhaps itdliuc puerilis.
unfortified, adj. immunitus.
unfortunate, adj. see Unlucky.
unfounded, adj. vanus, fictm.
unfrequented, adj. minus r.chber, incelebcr,
desertus.
unfriendly, adj. inimlcus, iniquus, alienus,
towards anyone, ab alqo ; to have — feelings
towards anyone, alieno animo esse ab alqo ci-
te alqm. unfriendliness, n. inimicitia,
simultas.
unfruitful, adj. infecundus, stcrilis (opp.
fertilis and, as regards the sod, opimus) ; see
Barren. unfruJtfulness, n. stcrilitas.
unfulfilled, adj. irritus, vanus, fallax; to
remain — , exitum or event um non habere, non
ivenire; to leave no duty — , nullum ducis ojjici-
um remittere.
unfurl, v.tr. to — the sails, vela pandere.
unfurnished, adj. ab alqd re iinparatus;
an — house, domus nuda atque inanis.
ungainly, adj. inhabilis; see Uncouth.
ungenerous, adj. illiberal is ; — act, illibe-
ralitas. Adv. ilUbcralilcr.
ungenial, adj. tristis, aspcr.
ungenteel, adj. ignobilis. ungentle, adj.
asper (= rough, e.g. verba), ungentleman-
like, ungentlemanly. adj. incultus, inde-
corus(e.g. laughter; ; see Indecorous.
ungird, v.tr. duscingere, t recingere.
ungodly, adj. see Impious, Impiety.
ungovernable, adj. qui regi non potest
(lit, and tig.), indomitus (= untamed, of living
beings and of things), effrenatus (- unbridled, of
persons and things), firoxfpt temper, of persons
and of anything showing such a disposition),
impotens (of persons and things), comb, ferae
impotensque. Adv. effrenate, impotenter. un-
governed, adj. see Unbridled.
ungraceful, adj. invenustus ; see Inele-
gant, ungracefulness, n. by the adjs.
ungracious, adj. iniquus, pelidans, iratus
(— angry). Adv. inique, iniquo animo, pctulan-
W; irate-
ungrateful, adj. ingratus (of an — spirit,
and ot what in a thankless task), beneficii, bene*
jiciorum immemor.
ungrounded, adj. vanus, irritus, inanis.
ungrudging, adj. see Liberal.
unguarded, adj. 1, incustoditus, sine cus-
todiis(— not guarded by anyone), indefensus; 2,
= imprudent, incaulus, imprudens. Adv. in,
cautc, imprudenter, teniae (= rashly) ; sec Impru-
dent.
unguent, n. unguenlum.
unhallowed, adj. pro/anus; see also Sacri-
legious.
unhappy, adj. infelix, infortunatus, r.iiscr
(— miserable), non prosper (= not prosperous, of
things), t inj'austus (— ill-fated, e.g. day, omen,
etc.), also comb, in/austus ct infelix, cala„iitosus
(e.g. war, conflagration), fimestua (= mournful,
causing mischief, e.g. war, omen), sinister (lit. =
on the left-hand side, opp. dexter), adversus(= not
as we wish it, e.g. battle, circumstances, result
of an undertaking, opp. secundus), mains (= in a
bad condition, opp. bonus), ealamitosus, aerumno-
sus(= full of calamity) ; — position, res adversary
fortunac afflielae. Adv. in/eliciter, misere, male,
calamilose (rare), unhappiness, n. miteria ;
sec Misery.
unharmed, adj. inviolatus, salvus (=safe).
unharness, v.tr. disjungere, solvere.
unhatched, adj. nondum (ex ovo) cxelusus. <
unhealthy, adj. 1, = disposed to illness,
valetudine ajfectus, ad aegrotandum proclivis, in-
Jinnd valetudine, infirmus, invalidus, aeger, im-
bccillus; see_ V/eak, III; 2, see Unwholesome.
unhealthiness, n. mala, injirma, tenuis,
aegra or incommoda, valetudo ; see also Un-
WIIOLESOMENESS.
unheard, adj. inuuditus; to punish, to con-
demn anyone — , alqm inauditum punire, dam-
nitre; — of, inauditus, novus.
unheated, adj. non cal(e)factus.
unheeded, adj. neglectus.
unheroic, adj. ignavus; see Cowardly.
unhesitating, adj. strenuus, confident ; see
Prompt. Adv. strenue, confidenter.
unhewn, adj. rudis.
unhindered, adj. non impeditus, liber
(=z free, without constraint), sine mord.
unhinge, v.tr. 1, to — a door, postes cardine
femavere; see Unfix; 2, fig. with the mind
— d, mode cuptus.
unhistorical, adj. cvntra historiae fidem
script us, commenticius, /ictus.
unholy, adj. (man, place) profanus (opp.
sacer); see Impious.
unhonoured, adj. inhonoratns.
unhook, v.tr. refigere (from a wall), rcfibu,-
lare (Mart, = to unbuckle).
unhoped for, adj. inspiratus.
unhurt, adj. integer, incolumis, salvus, t'n-
taet us (— untouched), comb, integer intactusque,
inviolatus (= not hurt), comb, integer atque in-
violatus, intaclus inviolatusque, invulneratus,
incorruptus (where nothing is spoiled or de-
stroyed).
unicorn, n. monociros, -otis (Plin.).
uniform, I. adj. unius generis, semper
code-n modo fonnatus, constant, aeqwibilis (e.g.
motus). Adv. constanter, aequabilitcr, uno tenore.
II. n. of soldiers, vestitus, -iis, militaris. uni-
formity, n. aequabilitas, constantia (of per-
sons and things).
uni
902
unm
unimaginable, adj. supra quam quod cogi-
tari potent.
unimpaired, adj. integer.
unimpassioned, adj. e.g. an — address,
animi perlurbatione liber or vacuus ( = without
violent emotion), cupiditatis or cupiditatum
expers, omni cupiditate carens, sine ird el studio
( = without passion).
unimpeachable, atlj. see Trustworthy.
unimportant, adj. levis, mdlUts momenti.
uninformed, adj. indoetus, hwnanitatis
expers,
uninhabitable, adj. iidiabitabilis ; to be
quite — , omni cultu vacare. uninhabited,
adj. habilatoribus vacuus {eg. a town), ctdtoribus
vacuus (= without anybody to cultivate), desertus
(— deserted).
uninitiated, adj. 1, lit. pro/anus; 2, fig.
alcjs rei expers.
uninjured, adj. incolumis, integer, salvus.
uninspired, adj. divino spirilu hand
afflatus.
uninstruoted, adj. indoetus.
unintelligible, adj. obscurv.s (e.g. narratio).
Adv. obscure (e.g. narrare alqd), or by the noun
obscuritas (e.g. verborum).
unintentional, adj. instiens. Adv. forte,
casu ; 1 did it — , insciens feci.
uninteresting, adj. jejuiius, frigidus.
unintermitting, adj. continuvs, assidwus.
uninterred, adj. inhumaius, insepultus.
uninterrupted, adj. continens, continuus
( = continuous), ussiduus( = constant, e.g. rain,
work), perpetuus, perennis(= lasting), comb, con-
tinuus ct perennis (e.g. motio) ; my connection
with anyone is — , by inconsuetiulmccumcdqopcr-
manere. Adv. coniinentcr, uno tcnorc, perpetno.
uninured, adj. see Unaccustomed.
uninvestigated, adj. inexploratus.
uninvited, adj. invocatus ; see Unasked.
uninviting, adj. injveundus.
union, n. see under Unite.
unique, adj. unions, singidaris.
unison, n. (in music) eoncordia vocum.
unit, u. monas, -ddis, f. (^ora?).
unitarian, n. qui simplicem Dei natu-
ram esse arbitratur. unitarianism, n.
ratio eorum qui simplicem esse Dei naturam
dicunt.
unite, I, v.tr. (con)jungere, aid rei or cum
alqd re; with anybody, cum alqo; congregate
(= to collect two or more things to one (lock as it
were), copulure (so that two or more things
are closely tied together), with anything or
anyone, cum alqd re or cum alqo, (conjsociare (as
companions), with, etc., cum, etc., mi see re alci
rei or cum alqdre(=to mix, lit. and tig.); see
Join. II. v.intr. se (con)jungere (of two corps),
with anyone, alci or cum alqo; misceri (of
two rivers, etc.), cum alqo coire, with any-
thing, alci rei or cum alqd re; consentire (= to
agree) ; to — in a partnership, societatem cum
alqo inire; see Join, Aemv.r.. union, n, 1,
(poiijjunctio, congrcgatio, consociatio ; 2, = agree-
ment, consensio, consensus, -us, Concordia; see
Aoree.ment; 3, = united body, societas, soda-
liias; see Society, Concord, unity, n. 1,
opp. to multiplicity, by unus (e.g. there was
— of opinion among them all, sentcntia inter
omnes una, erat); 2, see Union, 2.
universal, adj. univcrsus; — history, res
in orbe ierrarum actae ; see General. Adv.
universe, in nnirersum ; — beloved, ab omnibus
dUectus. universality, n. qui (quae, quod)
latissime paid or ad universos pertinet. uni-
verse, n. (rerum) universitas, rerum nature.
university, n. * academia,
univocal, adj. of a word, etc., unam tan-
turn significaiionem habens.
unjust, adj. injustus, injuritis, injuriosns (=
of an — mind), iniquus (= unreasonable) : (inju-
riosns, = contrary to right and to the civil law ;
iniquus, = contrary to the moral law). Adv.
injuslc, inique, injuriose, contra jus (fasque).
unjustifiable, adj. iniquissimus ; see Inex-
cusable. Adv. iniquissimo modo.
unkept, adj. neglcctus.
unkind, adj. inhumanus,severus ; see Stern.
Adv. inhumane, severe, unkindness, n. in-
humanitas, severitas; see Cruelty.
unknowing, adj. inscius; see Ignorant.
unknown, adj. ignotus (in gen., of persons
and things, opp. notus), incognitus ( = not yet
learned, of things, opp. cognitus), incomperlus
(=not yet certain, fully ascertained, opp. comper-
tus), inexploratus ( = not yet inquired into, opp,
exploralus), ignobilis (= — to the world, of places
and persons ; hence also = of obscure birth,
opp. nvbilis), otec!in<s(=obscure); a person — to
me, ncscio (puis.
unlace, v.tr. see Untie, Loosen.
unlamented, adj. to die — , non deploratum
mori.
unlatch, v.tr. see Open.
unlawful, adj. non legitimes, vctitus, qui
(quae, quod) contra legem or leges est. Adv. contra
legem or leges, injuria, per injuriam.
unlearn, v.tr. dediscere. unlearned,
adj. illit(t)cralus, indoetus, ineruditus. Adv.
indocte.
unleavened, adj. sine Jermento (Cels.).
unless, conj. nisi (contracted ?ip, with
indie, where the statement is definite, with subj.
where possibility is implied ; in certain cases si
non is used (e.g. libertas si aequa non est, ne
libertas quidem est), esp. with fut. (e.g. si te
videre non potero, disccdam).
unlettered, adj. see Unlearned.
unlevelled, adj. uspcr; see Uneven.
unlicensed, adj. cuijus alcjs rei vendendae
non est concessum.
unlike, adj. dissimilis. unlikely, adj. see
Improbable.
unlimited, adj. infinUus.
unload, v.tr. exonerare (lit., e.g. plaustrum;
also fig. = disburden), liberare, levare, solvere
alqd re (fig. = to disburden).
unlock, v.tr. recZudere, reserare.
uhlooked for, adj. inex(s)pcctatus, inspe-
ratus.
unloose, v.tr. solvere (a ship, etc.), liberare
( = to set free) ; see Free, v.tr.
unlucky, adj. infelix (of omens) ; see Un-
favourable.
unmade, adj. non faclus or mom confictits;
of a bed, non strains.
unman, v.tr. enervare. unmanned, adj.
fractus, perculsus.
unmanageable, adj. see Ungovernable.
unmanly, adj. viro indignus, effeminatus
(= effeminate), mollis (= soft), comb, effeminatv$
et mollis,
unm
903
unr
Unmannerly, adj. male moratus (of per-
sons, opp. bene moratus), rusticvs ( = rude, opp.
urbanus) ; see Rude.
unmarried, adj. caelebs.
unmask, v.tr. to— anyone, personam capiti
alvjs detrahere (lit. and tig., JIart.), animum alcjs
nudare, evolvcre alqm integumento dissimulationis
suae nudareque (fig. = to lind him out).
unmatched, adj. unicus.
unmeaning, adj. iaanis.
I'umelodious, adj. non canonts; see In-
harmonious.
unmentioned, adj. to remain — , omitti,
praetermitti ; to leave — , omittere, praetermit-
tere.
unmerciful, adj. immisericors. Adv. ira-
misericorditer.
unmindful, adj. immemor, of a thing,
alcjs rei.
unmingled, unmixed, adj. merits, fig.
simplex.
unmistakable, adj. see Clear, Certain.
unmitigated, adj. by circumloe. ; often
the superlat. of an adj. will suit (e.g. the war
was waged with — cruelty, bellum atrocissimum
gerebutur).
unmolested, adj. to leave anyone — , alci
inolestiam non exhibere.
unmoor, v.tr. solvere.
unmotherly, adj. non matcrnus.
unmoved, adj. inmates; to be, remain — ,
?to)i (com)movcri alqd re, repudiare alqd (e.g. alcjs
preces); non luborare dc alqd re (e.g. de alcjs
morte).
unnatural, adj. quod praeter naturam ex-
(s)istit, monstr(ii)osus, portentosus, immanis ( =
vast). Adv. contra naturam, praeter naturam.
unnavigable, adj. innavigabilis.
unnecessary, unneedful, adj. non ne-
cessaruts, quod non opus est, supervacaneus, vanus
(= idle, e.g. metus) ; it is — to mention these, eos
nihil altinet nominare. Adv. praeter rem, prae-
ter necessitatem, nimis; see Too.
unnerve, v.tr. see Unman.
unnoticed, adj. to leave — , practermitlcrc,
praclcrire (silenlio), ncglcrjerc (= not to mind).
unnumbered, adj. see Innumerable.
unobserved, adj. see Unnoticed.
unoccupied, adj. see Unemplovkd, Unin-
habited.
unoffending, adj. innocens.
unopened, adj. non a2>erlus ; of a letter,
lit(t)crae non resitjnatae.
unorganized, adj. e.g. — bodies, corpora
nulla cohaerendi naturd (Cic).
unorthodox, adj. fidei Christianae parum
conveniens (of a doctrine), fidei Christianae
parum obediens (of a person).
unostentatious, adj. see Modest.
unpack, v.tr. alqd vacuum reddere; see
Unload.
unpaid, adj. non solutus (of money, debts),
residuus( = outstanding, e.g. money not received
by the creditor), cut non satisfactum est (of the
creditor).
unpalatable, adj. amarus (=bitter).
unparalleled, adj. unicus, singularis.
unpardonable, adj. quod nihil exensa-
twain habel (e.g. vitium), incxpiabilis (e.g, sccliis,
fraus).
unpatriotic, adj. patriae immemor (of a
person), (injuria) inpaUia.n illata (of au act).
unperceived, adj. see Unnoticed.
unphilosophical, adj. philosophkie cxpers.
unpitying, adj. sec Unmerciful, un-
piticd, adj. by circumloe. with mistrteordia
(e.g. they full — , nullitts misericordiam adtptt
interj'ccti sunt).
unpleasant, adj. molt^tus, ingrains, iuju-
cundits; see Disagreeable. Adv. molesle, in-
grate, unpleasantness, n. incommodum,
molestia ; to cause anyone — , molestium aid
afferre or exhibere, incommodo alqm ajlicere, in-
commotium alci (uf)ferre ; to cause yourself — ,
molestium ex alqd re cajtcre or acci}>ire.
unpoetic, adj. a poetamm ratione alienus.
unpolished, adj. impolUus (Ul. :;oA i\g.).
unpolluted, adj. impollittus, wtus.
unpopular, adj. invidiosna, plcbi (populo,
etc.) ingratus, or ituud gratuA or accept us ; to
be (very) — , in {magna) invidid esse ; to be-
come — , in invidiam venire, unpopularity,
n. invidia; see above.
unpractised, adj. iuexcrcitalus.
unprecedented, adj. noma, inaudilus.
unprejudiced, adj. integer, integer ao
liber.
unpremeditated, adj. (verba, etc.) extern-
plo or sine consilio dicta.
unprepared, adj. imparalus, with anything,
ab alqd re.
unprepossessing, adj. sec Disagreeable.
unpretending, adj. see Modest.
unprincipled, adj. male moratus; see
Wicked.
unproductive, adj. injecundus; sec Un-
fruitful.
unprofitable, adj. qui nullum fructum/ert.
Adv. by adj. or incassum.
unpromising, adj. qui (quae, quod) nul-
lum spem affert.
unpronounceable, adj. qui (tptae, quod)
euiintiari non potest.
unpropitious, adj. sec Unfavourable.
unprotected, adj. indefensns, non custo-
dilus.
unproved, adj. argumenlis non (con)fir-
Illt'lllS.
unprovided, adj. imparatui; — for (e.g.
children), (liberi) quibus nondum 2>rospeclum
est.
unprovoked, adj. non lacessitus, ultro (=
of one's own accord).
unpublished, adj. nondutn cditus.
unpunished, adj. impunitus, inv.ltus, in-
castigalus (also with words); to remain —, im-
pune esse, non puniri; — for anything, alqd
impune facere.
unpurchased, adj. nonemptus.
unqualified, adj. 1, see Unsuitable; 2,
= very great, summits, maximits.
unquestionable, adj. non dubius, certns.
Atlv. sine dubio.
unravel, v.tr. 1, lit. retexerc; 2, fig. expla-
nare, explicare, cnodarc.
unread, adj. non lectus ; an — man, by lit-
(t)crariim cxpers; see Uneducated.
unreasonable, adj. it is — , iniqitum est,
Wltli accus. and inlln. Adv, iniqite.
unr
904
lint
unreconciled, adj.
Reconcile.
non placatns ; see
unrefined, adj. 1, lit. crudus; 2, fig. see
Rude.
unrelenting, adj. see Cruel, Hard.
unremitting, adj. continvus (e.g. labor) ;
see Constant.
unrepaid, adj. e.g. kindness, by (beneficia)
non rcdilita.
unrepentant, adj. qnem non poenitet cdcjs
rei.
unrepining, adj. see Patient.
unreprovable, unreproved, adj. non
reprehenstts.
unrequested, adj. ultro oblaUis ( = freely
offered), nltro.
unresented, adj. inultvs, impunitus.
unreserved, adj. liber; see Frank.
unrest, n. inqnies, -His, f.
unrestrained, adj. effrcnalus.
unrevenged, adj. inultus.
VLTlTewa,Tile(l,a.<ij.sinepraemio,inhonomlus.
unriddle, V.tr. solvere, explicare.
unrighteous, adj. impivs, improbus. Adv.
impie, improbe. unrighteousness, n. im-
pieias, improbitas.
unripe, adj. immaturus (lit. of fruit, fig. of
man, opp. maturus), crudns(= raw, opp. maturus
et cactus), unripeness, n. immatwitas.
unrivalled, adj. eximius, praestans; see
Excellent.
unrobe, v.tr. see Undress.
unroof, v.tr. see Uncover.
unroot, v.tr. eradicare (ante-class, lit. and
fig.), radicitus evellcre.
unruffled, adj. of the sea, temper ; see
'Jalm, Tranquil.
unruly, adj. see Ungovernable, unruli-
ness, it. cjfrcnalio, impotentia, fcroeiias.
unsafe, adj. infcstus, intutiis ; fig. = exposed
to danger, instabilis (lit. = unstable, e.g. step,
gradus, inressns), hibricus (lit. = slipperj), incer-
tvs (tig. = uncertain).
unsaid, adj. indictus. unsay, v.tr. see
Recant.
unsalable, adj. qui (quae, quod) vendi non
potest.
nnsalted, adj. sale non cond'itus.
unsatiated, adj. nondum saturatiis.
unsatisfactory, adj. non -idoneus ( = un-
suited), or by some positive adj., as mahis ( =
evil). Adv. minus bene, unsatisfied, adj.
cui non snt is/act inn est.
unsavoury, adj. see Tasteless, UNPALAT-
ABLE.
unscrsw, v.tr. solvere.
unsci'jptural, adj. non ut sanctae lit(ty-
rne docent.
unseal, v.tr. resignarealqd.
unsearchable, adj. inerplicabilis, inex-
ploratus.
unseasonable, adj. intempestivus, impor-
tumts, immuturus (lit. = unripe, of fruits ; then
fig. = before the right time). Adv. intempesiive,
importune, unseasoned, adj. non conditus;
of wood, viridis.
unseemly, adj. see Indecorous.
Upseen, adj. invUnif.
unselfish, adj. suae utilitatis immemor; see
also Temperate, unselfishness, n. absti-
ncntia, contincntia, or by adj.
unserviceable, adj. inutilis.
unsettle, v.tr. labefacere, labefactare (lit.
and tig.); see Shake, unsettled, adj. ac-
counts, see Unpaid; — weather, caelum va-
rious; in a moral sense, inconstans, rarius,
mobilis voluntas, comb, rarius ct mvtabilis, in-
certus.
unshackled, adj. liber.
unshaved, adj. intonsns.
Unsheathe, v.tr. gladium e vagina, educere,
unship, v.tr. exponhe (passengers and
goods).
unshod, adj. pcdibus wudis.
unshorn, adj. intonsns.
unshrinking, adj. imparidus, intrepidvs.
unsightly, adj. see Uolv.
unsisterly, adj. quod sororis non est.
unskilful, unskilled, adj. inhabilis (aid
rei or ad ulqd), inscitus, imperitus, rudis in olejs
rei ( = ignorant, in a:i art or science), imperitus,
in, tdcjs rei ( = without practical experience), ig-
narus alcjs rei. Adv. inepte, inscitc (= without
judgment), imperite. unskilfulness, n. im-
pcritia, inscitia, alcjs rei.
unslaked, adj. e.g. lime, virus: of thirst,
non ex(s)tinctus.
unsocial, adj. insociabilis.
unsolicited, adj. see Unasked, Voluntary.
unsolved, adj. non solutus.
unsophisticated, adj. simplex.
unsorted, adj. incompositus, inordinatus.
unsought, adj. non petitns.
unsound, adj. (timber) cariosus ( = worm-
eaten, bones, etc.), puter, putris (= rotten) ; — in
health, see Unhealthy ; of mind, see Insane ;
of opinions, fulsus. unsoundness, n. see
Uniif.altiiiness, Insanity - .
unsown, adj. non satus.
unsparing, adj. 1, inclemcns, acer, acerbus ;
2, see Liberal.
unspeakable, adj. infandus.
unspoiled, adj. incorruplus, integer.
unstable, unsteady, adj. mobilis, incon-
stans, instabilis. unsteadiness, n. incon-
stantia.
unstained, adj. see Unspoiled, Pure.
unstring, v.tr. a bow, \arcum retendcre,
t remittere. unstrung, adj. of the nerves,
etc., f rectus, dcbilitatus.
unstudied, adj. (of style) simplex.
unsubdued, adj. indnmitus ; sec Untamed.
Unsuccessful, adj. mi eventus decst, ir-
ritus, iufelix; see Unfortunate, Adv. ink-
licitcr.
unsuitable, unsuited, adj. hy alienus ab
alqd re, inutilis ad alqd,incommodvs; see Unfit.
Adv. inutilitcr, incommode, unsuitablcness,
n. inutilitas, incommoditas.
unsuspected, adj. non suspcetus, in qnem
nulla suspicio cadit. unsuspicious, adj. sin-
plcx, candidns, simvlalinnnni nesciuns. Adv. sim-
plieUer, candide. unsuspiciousness, n.
rimplicitas, animus simplex, or upertus.
untainted, adj. inenrruptus, non infectus.
untamed, adj. indomilm (lit. and fig.), cf,
fremitus (tig-)-
tint
005
upp
untasted, adj. ingustatus.
untaught, adj. indoctus.
unteachable, adj. indocilis.
untenable, adj. infirmus, Uvis.
unterrified, adj. interritus.
unthankful, ndj. sec Ungrateful, un-
thankfulness, see Ingratitude.
unthinking, udj. see Thoughtless.
untie, v.tr. (dissolve re, laxare.
until, I. prep, ad or in with accus. II.
conj. dum, donee, quoad with indie, when mere
time is expressed ; subj. when tlie idea is of
contingency, purpose, etc.
untilled, adj. inaratus,
untimely, adj. see Unseasonable.
untinged, adj. pwrus.
untiring, adj. Bee Indefatigable.
unto, prep, see To.
untold, adj. 1, non dictus; 2, see Count-
less, Innumerable.
untouched, adj. by intactus; see also Un-
moved.
untoward, adj. see Unfavourable.
untranslatable, adj. quod verbis reddi non
potest.
untried, adj. inexpertus.
untrodden, adj. e.g. path, via non Irila.
untroubled, adj. nullo motii pcrturbalus
or tranquillus, placidus; see Calm.
untrue, adj. falsvs. Adv. /also, fide, un-
truth, n. (as quality, character) vanitas or by
adjs., e.g. alqd falsum esse probare; =the thing
itself, falsum, mendacium.
unturned, adj. to leave no stone — , om-
nibus modis alqd aggredi.
untwine, untwist, v.tr. (re)solvere, re-
texere.
unused, adj. 1, see Unaccustomed ; 2,
novus, integer ; see Fresh, unusual, adj. in-
solitus, insolens.
unutterable, adj. infandus, inenarrabilis.
Adv. supm quam quod enuntiari potest.
unvanquished, adj. invictus.
unvaried, unvarying, adj. see Un-
changed, Immutable.
unvarnished, adj. 1, lit. fuco non illitus ;
2, tig. simplex, sine fuco ucfallaciis ; see Plain.
unveil, V.tr. by caput aperire.
unversed, adj. non versatus, peregrinus
atque hospes, tiro ac rudis in alqd re.
unviolated, adj. inviolatus.
unwalled, adj. muris non circumdaliis, sine
nuris (in gen.), immunitus (of fortifications).
unwarlike, adj. imlellis.
unwarrantable, adj. iniquus. unwar-
ranted, adj. sine auctore editus.
unwary, adj. iucautus, imprudens. Adv.
incauie, imprudenter. unwariness, n. iro-
prudentia.
unwashed, adj. Ulotus.
unwatched, adj. incustoditus.
unwavering, adj. see Firm.
unwearied, adj. indefessus, integer ( = still
fresh), assiduus.
unweave, v.tr. rettxere.
unwelcome, adj. aid non acceptus, in-
gratus.
29 »
unwell, adj. see III.
unwholesome, adj. insalubris (Plin.), pes-
tilem, gravis.
unwieldy, adj. inliabilis ( — difficult to
manage), vasti corporis (= of a great size).
unwilling, adj. invitus. Adv. by alqo in-
vito, unwillingness, n. see Reluctance.
unwind, v.tr. retexcrc.
unwise, adj. intipitns, stvltus. Adv. in-
sipienter, stultc.
unwitting, adj. and adv. insciv*.
unwomanly, adj. quod non mulieris est.
unwonted, adj. see Unusual.
unworthy, adj. indignus, of anything, alqd
re, to, etc;., by qui with subj. unworthi-
ness, n. indignitas.
unwounded, adj. invulneratus (once in
Cic, where we read invulneratus inviolatusque),
sine vulnere, integer.
unwrap, v.tr. evolvere.
unwrinkle, v.tr. enigare (Plin.).
unwritten, adj. still — , non scriptns.
unwrought, adj. rudis.
unyielding, adj. see Inflexible.
unyoke, v.tr. disjungere (e.g. cattle, ju-
inenta, equos).
up, adv. sursuni(= upwards, in contiast witli
deorsum, = downwards); in combination it may
be rendered by ad, e, in, sub, trans ; — the river,
adverso flumine (opp. to down the river, secundo
flumine); — the hill, in adversum montcm ; to look
— , si(spicere(e.g. to heaven, caelum) ; to press — ,
eniti (connili) in aUjd ; to burn — , txtorrerr,
adurire ; to dry — , exaresdrc ; to dig — , tffiotlire,
entire ; to deliver — , tradcre; to go — , a(d)ect)t-
dere; — from boyhood, etc, a puero, a piteris ;
— to, tenus with ablat. (always after the case) ;
— ! age! surge! Upwards, adv. sursnm; see
also More.
upbraid, v.tr. to — anyone with, reprehend^ re
alqm de alqd re. upbraiding, n. objurgatio,
convicium ( = scolding).
uphill, I. adv. adverso colle, adversus collem.
II. adj. 1, lit. acclivis, arduus; 2, fig. arduus,
dijicilis.
uphold, v.tr. lit. and fig. sustinere, susteti-
tare, fulcire (= to prop).
upholsterer, n. by qui (domum, etc.) In-
struit, or (ex)oniat.
upland, adj. editus; see Mountainous.
upon, prep, super with acens. with verbs of
motion, ablat. with verbs of rest; fa with aims.
or ablat. (often in comp., e.g. incidere = to light
— );= after, e(x)(e.g. directly — the consulship of
Caesar, statim e consulatu Cuesaris), or by ablat.
abs. (— this, quo or hoc facto), or by nmfatWM),
with subj. (e.g. quae cum secum reputasset, dixit,
he said — reflection) ; — this condition, ui con-
dicione, or hoc lege ut; — the whole, plerumque
(= usually), ad summam (= in a word); see On.
upper, adj. (as regards the position) superus,
superior, summus, suprrmus (the two last —
highest); (as regards the order) primoris (not
used in the num.), superior; (as regards rank,
dignity) superior (loco or dignitaU); to get the
— hand, superarc, vincire ; — storey of a lious.-,
pars superior aetlium ; — part, pars superior;
also by superior or (if the highest part) by
summus (in tho same gender as the noun, e.g.
— of a ship, navia nimma; — world, in Cic.
always called hacc loca quae nos incolimus.
uppermost, adj. nmniu (in gen.), primus
upr
906
vai
(= according to order in rank), princeps (in rank
or dignity).
upright, adj. (di)redus (diredus = straight,
perpendicularly as well as horizontally), credits;
(in a mural sense), probus, honest us, integer,
gravis. Adv. lit. rede, or use adj. ; fig. rede,
•probe, honestc, sincere, ingenve, integre, graviter.
uprightness, n. probitas.
uproar, n. see Noise.
upset, I. v.tr. (snb)vertcrc, evertere. II.
v.intr. everti, subverti, corrucre.
upshot, n. exitus, -lis, eventus, -us.
upsidedown, adj. to turn — , omnia turbare
et misccre.
upstart, n. novus homo.
urbanity, n. urbanitas ; see Politeness.
urchin, n. 1, see Hedgehog ; 2, see Child,
Boy.
urge, v.tr. impellere, incitare, excitare, stimu-
lare alqm, stimvlos cilci admoverc (all these lit
and fig.), accendere, infiammare (fig.), anyone
to, alqm ad alqd ; (cui)horiari ad alqd or with vt
or lie; to — anyone with requests, instare alri
(with vt or ne), alqm urgere, comb, instare et
v.rgere (absolute), alqm orare obsecrareque, pre-
cibus fatigare tdqm, ab alqo petcre et svmme con-
tendere, ttt or ne, etc. urgent, adj. iirgens
(lit.), gravis, xvhemens, magni momenti, neces-
sarius, mazimns, summits ; at my — request,
orante vie atque obsecrante. Adv. rehementer,
magnopere. urgency, n. necessitas.
urine, n. anna, lotivm.
urn, n. urna.
usage, n. vws, consuetndo ; see Custom.
use, I. n. 1, = application of a thing to
your wants, usus, -its, usurjwtio, lisura ( =
using) ; to make — of, alqd re vti ; to come
into — , in. Ksinit venire, in consududincm or
morem venire, more recipi (= to become usual) ;
to be of — , utilem usi esse. ; to be of great — ,
•magno usui esse ; 2, see Usefulness. II. v.tr.
uti alqd re; — for, ad alqd, abvti re, ad alqd or
inalqdre(—io consume), usurparcalqd, adhibere
cdqd, for anything, ad alqd, conjcrre ad or in alqd ;
— in a certain sense, vocabulo alqd signifiuTre, dc-
clarare; seealso Treat, useful, adj. ntilis, ap-
tits, idoneus, arcommodalus, co)tvniodus(fH\ad alqd);
to be — , ntilem esse, ttsui esse, alci prodesse or
proUccre. Adv. ntiliter, apte, commotle. use-
Inlness, n. ntilitas, usus, -us, commoditas ; see
Use. useless, adj. inutilis ad alqd (or aid
rei), vanus, inanis, irritus. Adv. inutiliter (only
after negative), frustm, atl irrilum, incassum
(or as two words, in cassum).
usher, I. n. perhaps apparitor ; gentleman
— (at court), magister admissionum (Imperial
Rome) ; 2, = under-teacher, hypodidascalvs.
II. v.tr. 1, ad alqm introducerc; 2, fig. see
Begin. , •
usual, adj. vsitatvs, solitus, consuetns,' ne-
qui(e)quam, inaitiler, sul{l)emnis (= habitual),
iritus (of language, = commonplace), vulgaris,
more or usa reeeptus (= customary); .it is — ,
solel ; more than — , plus quam sold, plus solito ;
see Common, Customary. Adv. ferme, fen,
plerumque, ul sold.
USUcaptlon, n. usucapio.
usufruct, n. usus, -its, et fructus, -vs, usus-
fructus (both parts of the word declined).
usurp, v.tr. (as)sumere alqd, invadere in
alqd, occupare (e.g. regnum, = — the govern-
ment), usurper, n. qui regnum occupat.
usurpation, n. occupatio, or by the verbs.
usury, ii. fe.nerari. usurer, n. feneratnr,
tocullio. usurious, adj. avarus; seo Avar-
icious, usury, n. vsura (paid by the debtor),
feneralio (— lending on interest), fenus, -oris, n.
(= interest received).
utensil, n. vas, -is (in pi. rasa, -orum, —
vessel), in farming, instrumentum (rusticum,
as collective noun always in the sing.); — s,
vtensilia, -ium, n. (— everything necessary in
daily life), supellex, -edilis, f. ( = household furni-
ture).
Uterine, adj. •uterinus (Jet.).
utility, n. see Usefulness, utilitarian,
adj. qui omnia ad utilitatem confert.
utmost, adj. extremus, vltimus, summits ; —
misery, summae angustiae, extremae res, extrema
or ultima, -orum, summa inopia ; see Extreme.
utter, uttermost, ndj. see Extreme, Com-
plete. Adv. penitus, funditus; see Entirely.
"itter, v.tr. significare (= to give to under-
stand), indicare ( = to point out), ostencUre ( = lo
show), profitcri (= to profess), prae se ferre or
gerere (— to declare openly); to — a sound,
sonitnmedcre,emittere ; see Pronounce, utter-
ance, n. see Pronunciation, Delivery.
uvula, n. uva (Plin.).
vacancy, n. 1, = void space, vacuum, inane,
inanitas (= emptiness) ; 2, with regard to office,
by vacuus; chosen to fill a — , sujfectus; 3, see
Leisure ; 4, of mind, inanitas, stupid Has.
vacant, adj. 1, see Empty ; 2, of an office,
vacuus; to be — , racnum esse, vacare; 3,=
unoccupied by business, by vacuus labore or
nrgntiis ; 4, = empty, of thought, stupidns ; see
Foolish; 5, in law, vacuus (= having no heir,
e.g. a house, field), vacate, v.tr. 1, = make-
empty, vacucfaccre ; 2, = to make varant, an
ollice, se. abdicare alqd re or (but not in Cic. or
Caef.). vacation, n. feriae. vacuity,
vacuum, n. see Vacancy, vacuus, adj. see
Vacant.
vaccinate, v.tr. anyone, variolas aid in-
serire (not class.), vaccination, n. insitio
variolarum.
vacillate, v.intr. vacillare (lit. and fig.).
vacillating, adj. dnbins, incertus, nmbiguus;
see Doubtful, vacillation, n. diibivm, dubi-
latio ; see Doubt, Hesitation.
vagabond, vagrant, I. adj. vagus. II.
n. erro, gratsator. vagary, n. nujroe^tricks),
ineptiae( = silliness); see Whim.
vague, adj. incertus, dubius, ambtguiis, an-
ceps ; see Indefinite, Uncertain. Adv. incerte,
dubie, ambigue. vagueness, n. dubinm,
dubitatio; see Doubt, Obscurity.
vain, adj. 1, = empty, worthless, inanis;
see Idle; 2, = fruitless, vanus, irritus; to
labour in — , operam perdcre, operam fnistra
consnmcre or cotterere, oleum et operam pcrdcre
(prov., Cic); 3, = proud, inanis, vctnis(= fool-
ishly — ), laudis avidus ( = ambitious), superbns
( = proud), gloiiosits ( = bonstful), putidus ( =
affected); to be — , rebus inanibusdeledari. Adv.
in vain, frustra, incassum (or mi cassum, as
two words), neqtii(tsypiam ; see Vain ; = proudly,
etc., gloriose, putide, superbe. vainglorious,
adj. gloriosus. vanity, n. = emptiness, inani-
val
907
veil
tew, vanitas, fragilitus ; = empty pride, anibitio.
oetentatio.
vale, n. see Valley.
valediction, valedictory, n. ami adj.
see FAREWELL.
valentine, n. epistulu amutoria.
valet, n. cubicularlvs.
valetudinarian, n. suae valetiidinis(nimis)
studiosus.
valiant, valorous, adj. fortis, animostis,
comb, fortis et unimosus or animosus et fortis,
strenuus, comb, fortis atque strenuus or streituus ct
fortis, acer(= full of energy), comb, acer et fortis ;
see Brave. Adv. fortiter, unimose, comb. ani-
mose et fortiter, strenue, acriter. valour, u.
fortitudo, virtus, -litis, f. ; see Bravery.
valid, adj. gravis (= important) ; in point
of law, bonus (e.g. witness), Justus ( = right),
idoncus ( = fit, sufficient, e.g. witness, ex-
cuse), ratus ( = confirmed, what has become a
law), firmus, certus, comb, ratits ac firmus (e.g.
jussum); to be — , valcre (of a coin, a law, etc.) ;
to make anything — , rat/am faccre alqd, ration
esse alqdjubere. validity, n. (of reasons, etc.),
gravitas, pondus, -cris, n. ; in point of law (e.g.
of a witness, etc.), fides.
valley, n. (con)vallis.
value, I. v.tr. (= to determine the worth
of an object) acslimare (of gen. import), some-
thing greatly, censere (of the censor), to bo
— d, censeri (used of citizens and their pos-
sessions) ; flg. = to think well of, aestimarc
(with genit. or abl.), faccre, ducire, pendcre,
habere (with gen. magni, etc.), deligere; to
— not at ail, alqd nullo loco, nikilo, pro nihilo
or niliil numerare, alam nullo loco putare, ahpn
despidre; to — highly, magni faccre or ducire,
or pendcre, or habere; to — more than, plltris
aestimare; to — little, parvi faccre, etc. II. n.
aestimatio (= estimated value), prctium (==
price), virtus, -litis, f. (= inner worth, of u per-
son or thing); great (intrinsic) — , praestan-
tia ; moral — , worth, virtus, honestas; tilings
without — , res viles or leves. valuable, adj.
preliosus (lit.), magni prctii (lit. and flg.J, aid
acceplus, grains (of what does one good to see,
hear, etc.). valuation, n. aestimatio. valuer,
n. qui ahpl aestimat, aeslimator. valueless,
see Worthless.
valve, n. epistomium.
vampire, n. cespertilio(qui sanguinem sugit).
van, n. of an army, primum agmen (in
marching order), acies prima (in battle order).
van, n. = wimiowiiig-fan, vannus, f.
van, n. see Cart, Waggon.
vane, n. see Weathercock.
vanish, v.iutr. (e)vanescere.
vanity, u. see under Vain.
vanquish, v.tr. (de)vincere, superare, comb.
vincere et superare, domare (= to subdue), pro-
fligare(=: to drive an army oft' the field),
(= to subjugate), vanquisher, n. victor (f.
victrir), expugnator with gen. (e.g. urbis), domi-
tor with gen. (e.g. Hispaniae).
vapid, adj. 1, vapid us (of wine) ; 2. fig. see
iNsirin.
vapour, n. vapor, \halitut, -its, nebula
(=both arising from the ground and from' the
water) ; terrae anhclitus, -its, cx(s)piratio, or ex-
halatio, sx terra afflatus, -us (moie particularly
tliat ascending from the bottom of a cawrn,
whereby Pythia became inspired, both Cic.
de Div. ii. 57, 117); — bath, as*i sudatio
(Cils.).
variable, adj. see Obaxoeabli vari-
ableness, n. see Change, variance, D,
discordia ; to Bet at — , discordiam coiicitare ; t.i
be at — with each other, inter sc ■
inter se dissidere ; see Enmity, variation, n
■variclas (.— accidental change, e.g. cneli) ; set
Alteration, Change, Deviation. vari-
coloured, variegated, adj. tnriua, varii
, versicolor, variegate, v.tr. i<
dislinguere. variety, u. varietal (e.g. cacli,
of tin.- weather; eloipiendi, of style), divei
vicissitudo ; a — of things, res multae or tariae.
various, adj. varius, divenus, multiplex
(= manifold). Adv. varie, diverse, vary, I.
v.tr. variant; see Alter, Change. 41. v.intr.
variare, variari, (com)mutari, Enmvtorl
varicose, adj. and n. varix (e.g. vein).
varlet, n. see Servant, Rogue.
varnish, I. n. 1, ofrtmenttm tenue (of a
dark colour, for paintings, Plin.) : 2, = fair
appearance, color, fitevs, species. II. v.tr. 1,
atramento tenui illinire; 2, fig. e.g. errors or
deformity, praelcudere alqd alci rei, tegire or
occultare alqd alqd re.
vase, n. vas, vasis, n. see Jar.
vassal, n. dims, vassalage, n. eHm
tela.
vast, adj. vastus, immanis, comb. vastus ct
immanis, magma, ingens, incrolibilis, ampins ;
sec GltEAT. Adv. magnoperc, incrcdibilitcr,
cable; see Vert, vastness, r.. amplUudo,
•magnititdo, immensitas.
vat, n. cupa, dolium.
vaticinate, v.tr. see Foretell.
vault, I. n. 1, = arched roof, camera, em*
camcratio, fornix ; see Ahch ; 2, = — ed cham-
ber, fornix; — underground, hypogium ; 3, see
Tomb. II. v.tr. 1, confornicarc, concamcrure;
see Arch ; 2, salire ; sec Leap.
vaunt, v.intr. and n. see IJoast.
veal, n. (caro) vttulina.
veer," V.intr. sevcrtere, recti.
vegetable, adj. qui (quae, quod) ad plantas
pcrtinct ; — kingdom, perhaps plantae et ar-
bons. vegetables, n. Mtu or pi. "'•
— garden, horlus Mtortus; — gardener, olitor;
— market, forum olitorium. VCgetatC, v.intr.
1, lit see Grow; 2, lig. hebesdrt, languor,-.
vegetation, n. herbae, plantae vegeta-
tive, adj. ciic. hy crescire.
vehemence, n. pit, tactiatfo(e.& of a smell,
of a disease, of a war, etc.), impetits,-us(= h
tiu>icii<to(= violence), ardor, aettv<,-4U(of a fever,
of the passions), (mjiateH<ia(=uubridlea passion),
iracitmlia (= hastiness), studium (= eagerness).
vehement, ailj. vehemens (= not culm, opp.
Icnis, placidus), gratis (= violent, e.g. asorbiu,
odor, verbum [= offensive]), Bta0*tft,aocr(= act-
ing in a passion, opp. tenia, also e.g. helium),
comb, aosr ct vehemens, oorrbtu (= bitter), ani-
moius (= spilitfdl, CQI U itat H S, incitntus ( —
sptirred on), tntenhu ( = Intent, anxi
rapidllS (= quick, hasty), violentus (= violent),
atrox (- dreadful, shocking), aniens, Aagrtins
(of fever and of the passions), fractindm ( =
ailgTy) ; — desire, ettpidilat magna or acris,
aniens or flagrant. Adv. Vtlirmcntcr. valdt,
graviter, acriter, octree, contente, intent?, aninune,
ardenter, vMenter.
vehicle, n. 1, see Carriage, Waggon ; 2,
Means.
Vei
908
ver
Veil, I. n. rira (among the Roman ladies,
riant.), rliimmcum (Plin.), ftammeolum (Juv.,
=* bridal — ) ; the — of oblivion, by alqd velare,
nlqd occultare. II. v.tr. velare, tegire (both lit.
ami fig.).
vein, n. vena (used also of veinlike marks in
an object, and fig. as — of humour), arleria
(= artery), alqd alcjs rei (fig. e.g. he has a — of
strength, alqd virium ci inest).
vellicate, v.tr. relieve, vellicare.
vellum, n. membrana.
velocity, n. velocitas : see Swiftness.
velvet, n. see Silk, velvety, adj. see
Smooth.
venal, adj. venalis (of merchandise, etc., or
persons), viimvtarins (e.g. jvdices, judicium).
venality, u. animus venalis.
vend, v.tr. vendere. vender, n. venditor.
vendible, adj. vendibilis.
veneer, v.tr. sectilibus laminis operire or
vestire.
venerable, adj. venerabilis; see Reverend.
venerate, v.tr, cnlere (= to worship, revere),
obserrare (— to revere), comb, colere et observare,
obserw re et diligere, in Itonore habere (a man),
admirari, venerari (a person or thing), ven-
eration, n. cidtus, -us, veneratio (of a god
or of a man), religio (= awe).
venereal, adj. venereus.
vengeance, n. nltio; see Revenge.
venial, adj. veniddignus.
venison, n. (caro) feriiut.
venom, n< 1, venenum (lit. and fig.); see
Poison, venomous, adj. rcnenatus (lit. and
lig.); see Poisonous.
vent, I. n. 1, spiramentum, + spiramen,
t spiraeulum (in gen. = — hole), aettitarinm
(= hole tr> let in air, e.g. in digging wells), fora-
men; 2, by effundcre, see below. II. v.tr. to —
one's passion, stomachuvi in alqm erumpere,
odium expromire, iram, etc., in alqm effundcre,
evomere. vent-hole, n. see Vent I.
ventilate, v.tr. 1, ventulumftuxredlci (Com.
by fanning), ventilate ( = to fan); to —-a mom, |
ventum (in cubicuhm, etc.),' itn.mitle.re; 2, iig. I
in medium proferre. ventilation, n. use verb.
ventilator, n. see Vent, 1.
ventricle, n. ventriculus.
ventriloquist, n. ventrilaqv/us (late ; in
riutarch's time, about a. v. 70, a — was termed
in Greek nvOwv, and, if a female, ■nvBiavioaa),
perhaps qui sonos alienos svd voce imitatur.
venture, I. n. = experiment, experiment nm,
periculum(= risk), a«°a(= hazard), /acinus, -oris,
n. ( = bold act) ; at a — , temere, forte, tenure, for-
tuito oc temere, temere acfortuito. II. v.intr. and
tr.jjerfcHtari (both alqd, and = to be endangered);
to — to do a thing, avdere (courageously), conari
(= to attempt, both with infln., never with ut);
he — d tc ask him, ausut est eumrogare; to —
upon, ut, on anything, avdere alqd (eg. an
undertaking, /acinus), perieidum/acere alejs rei;
into battle, by se. committers in uciem ; nothing
— , nothing win.prov. dlmidium facti, quicapit,
habet (Hot.), fortes foriuna adjuvat (Ter.). ven-
turesome," venturous, adj. andax, feme-
rarius. Adv. avdaciter, temere. venturous-
ness, n. audacia, temeritas.
veracious, adj. verus, verax ; see Truthful.
veracity, n. Veritas.
verandah, n. subdialia. -ium (=open gal-
leries, Plin.), podium (= balcony), or portions,
-us, f.
verb, n. verbum (gram.), verbal, adj. by
rerbuni or VOX. Adv. by frraesens (= present),
or ipse or coram (= face to face); see also Ver.
bati.m. verbatim, adv. ad verbum, totidem
verbis, verbose, adj. verbosu.% verbose-
ness, verbosity, n. copia or ubertas verborum,
or by cojiiose et abundantcr de alqd re dire re or
loqni, in dicelldo adhibcrc quandam speciem atquc
pmnpam.
verdant, adj. wndis. verdure, n. viri-
ditas (e.g. pratorum).
verdict, n. in law, responsum (= answer),
arbitrium (= decision of an arbitrator, in gen.),
judicium ( = judgment of a judge) ; to pronounce
a—, decernere{= to decide, of magistrates), judi-
care, sententiam dicire (of a judge).
verdigris, n. aerugo (Plin., aeris or cypi ia).
verge, n. 1, = brink, margo, ora ; see .Mar-
gin ; 2, rig. by circuinloc. (e.g. on the — of
danger, cum pericuVum jam instaret or imminente
pericuio, or minimum abfuit qnin periculum
adesset). verger, ii. apparitor.
verge, v.intr. veryere ad alqd (= to slope
towards); to — upon, tangere, attingere alqd ( —
to touch), aid reifinitimum esse (lit. and lig.).
verification, n. conjirmatio ; see Proof.
verify, v.tr. {apyprobare, comprobare. verily,
adv. profecto, sane, certe, ne (imc). verity, u.
see Truth.
verisimilitude, n. rerisimilitiulo (also as
two words, veri sim.). veritable, adj. in us;
see True, Genuine.
vermilion, I. n. minium. II. adj. minia-'
tus (= coloured with red-lead), Hiiiiiare-«s(= —
coloured, Vitr.) ; see Red.
vermin, n. bestiolae molestae (in gen.), pedi-
cali (= lice).
vernacular, adj. — tongue, sermo palrivs,
scrmo nativus, sermo vaster, lingua nostra, verba
■orum, vostratia.
versatile, adj. versatilis (of that which may
be turned round, lit.) ; of genius, ayilis, mobilis,
varius et multiplex, versatility, n. of genius,
facilitas, ingenium facile or_mobile, agilitas, mo-
bilitas.
verse, n. versus, -us, versiatdus; to make — ,
versus faciire or scribere, versiis funderc; — a
short division of any composition, pars, ver-
sification, n. vcrsunm ratio, versify, v.tr.
carmina facere.
versed, adj. versatus in alqd re, exercitatus
in ali/! re, peritus, gnarus alcjs rei.
version, n. liber scHptoris conversus.
vertebra, n. vertebra (Plin.).
vertex, n. vertex, or by summus ; see Sum-
mit. vertical, adj. (di)rectus ; a— line, linen,
perpendicidum. Adv. recte, directo, ad lineam,
ad perpeniiicidiim.
vertiginous, adj. 1, e.g. motion, quod in
orbem circumagihir or circumfertur ; 2, rertigi-
UOSUS (= suffering from giddiness, Plin.). ver-
tigo, n. verthjoXoeulorum).
very, I. adj. see True, Real, II. adv.
svmme (=in the highest degree, with verbs and
adjs.), Iquam) maxime (= most, with adj. and
verbs), magnopere or magno opere, maximojxre
or maximo opere, summopere orsummo opere(ou\y
with verbs), impense (= without fearing any
trouble, only with -verbs), advwdum (= com-
pletely), valde (= with great strength ; the fore-
U'jing with verbs and adjs.), snne qiwm {— —
much indeed, e.g. qaudere, brevis), oppido (with
adjs. and advs., more used in the colloquial
ves
909
vig
style), satis (= sufficient, with regard to B
certain end, to circumstances, to a position,
etc., with adjs. and ad vs., e.g. non satis h
tutum in Argis lidebat), cnixe (— witli great
exertion, e.g. to try, opcram dare), vehementer,
with rogare, dolere, gaudcre, etc. ; (often = in
the highest degree), gravitcr (with verbs and
partic, e.g. to be ill, aegrotare; iratus), mire,
mirifuc, mire quantum (= extraordinarily, with
verbs and adjs.), apprime (mostly ante and
post class. = extremely, with adjs., e.g. apprime
gnarns ulcjs rci), perfecte (= perfectly, e.g.
perfecte sapiens, cloquens), in primis (inprimis, —
foremost; instead of in primis, we find also inter
primos, in paucis, cum paucis, Inter paucos, ante
alios, practer cetcros, super omnes), bene (= well,
with adjs., ad vs., and verbs, e.g. bene mane, bene
pot us), probe (= right, right well, with adjs. and
verbs, but only in colloquial style), egregic,
cximie (= exceedingly, with adjs. and verbs ;
cgreyie also in daily intercourse, in the episto-
lary style and in conversation), longe (= by far,
e.g. longe snpernre); " — "also by per or }>rae
in composition with an adj., adv., or verb (e.g.
— few, perpauci or perquam panel; it pleases me
— much, mihi perplacet or mihi perquam placet,
mild vt'.hle placet; — hard, pracdurus ; by a
superl., which maybe strengthened by adding
Innge or invito (e.g. {longe) fertilissimus, mxdto
ditissimvs); not — , before adj. and ad vs., by
non ita, hand ita (e.g. not so — many, non ita
multi ; not — long after, haud ita multo post).
vesicle, n. vesica (Plin.).
vesper, n. = evening star, Hesperus, Vesper.
vespers, n. in the Romish Church, I'nets
Vespertinae.
vessel, n. = utensil, vas, vasts (in the pi.
vasa, -orum,-n.); in anatomy, blood — , arteriae,
venae ; = ship, navis.
vest, I. l). subucnla, or tunica; see Gar-
ment. II. v.tr. 1, vestirc; see Clothe; 2,
see Invest, vested, adj. e.g. rights, by jus,
juris, n. (e.g. — interests are sacred, jus alcjs est
sacrosanctum). vestry, n. sacrarium. ves-
ture, n. see Garment.
vestal, I. adj. see Pure, Chaste. II. n.
Vestttlis (virgo).
vestibule, n. vestibulum, pronaus, -aos (of a
temple).
vestige, n. vestigium.
vetch, n. ricia.
veteran, adj. and n. vcteranm <csp. of
soldiers; in the agricultural writers, also of
animals and plants); a — soldier, (miles) Vetera-
nits or emeritus ; in wider sense, veterator (of a
lawyer, Cic).
veterinary, adj. veterinarius (Col.).
veto, I. n. intereessio (of the tribunes), in
gen. by circmnloc. ; see Fokbid. II. v.tr. ro-
gationi intercede re (of the tribunes) ; sec FoaBlD.
vex, v.tr. stoma chum facere alci, indignatio-
item movers alci, offewlere, pungent, sol(l)iciture,
vexare, morderc, commovere alqm; to be — ed at,
ulqd asgre or molests Jerre ; I am — ed at, me piget
alcjs rci; see Annoy, vexation, n. atgritudo
animi, indignatio, stomackus, molestia; full of
— , indignabioidus. vexatious, adj. molcstus,
gravis; see Troublesome. Adv. moleste, gra-
viter.
viaduct, n. by pontc jungire (e.g. ftumen).
vial, n. see Bottle.
viands, n. cibus.
viaticum, n. viaticum.
Vjbrate, v.intr. vibrare; of sound, tinnire
(e.g. awes tinniunt), ivcalcm sonata rtddhe (e.g,
of a column)- vibration, n. notes, *te
vicar, n. in gen. viearivs. vicarage, n,
see Benefice, Parsonage, vicarious, adj.
and adv. idcjs loco.
Vice, prep, in composition, by pro or mu(e.g.
subpraejectus, proconsul).
Vice, n. vitiositas, turpitudo (= the quality
of — ), libidines (— lust), vitta, -iorum (=
habitual sins; one such, vitiuitt), flagitivm,
scclus, -cris, n. (= as a wicked act), vicious,
adj. vitiosus (= defective, unsound), turpis
(— shameful), fiagitiosns (= profligate, ail of
persons and tilings, e.g. vita), COtub. vitiosui
«C Jlagitiosus (e.g. vita), cujus in atiimn im-
probitas versatur (of man's heart, of man In
general), viliis conlaminatus, inquinntus (— pol-
luted with — , of persons and things), scclcstus,
scefercUiw,perdttu«(= criminal; the former of Uie
disposition, the latter of an act of persona and
things); very — ,vitiis,flagitiis,scelerlbusobrutus
of persons), vitiis Jiagitiisque omnibus deditus
{also of things, e.g. vita). Adv. vitiose, tnrpiter,
Jlagiliosc, comb, Jlagitiose et lurpitcr, scelerate,
perdite, acetate, viciousness, n. see Vice.
vicissitudc.n. vicissitude, vicisaltvdinet (=
a change that takes place regularly, e.g. of the
times, vicissitude or varietal temporum; of day
and night, dlerum noctiumque vicissitudines ; of
fortune, Jbrlunae vicissitudo, mutatio rcrum
humanaruin).
victim, n. victima, hostia, vinculum (in ex-
piation) ; sec Sacrifice, victimize, v.tr. see
ClIKA 1.
victor, n. victor; see Conqueror, victo-
rious, adj. victor, victrix (with nouns of the
rein, and neuter gender). Adv. by adj. victory.
n. victoria, tropaeum, triumphus( = the triumph
decreed by S«nate, heme = — itself); to gain
— , viuccre, victoriam consequi, adipisci, victorid
potiri.
victuals, ii- cibus, cibaria, -ontm, alinenla,
■ovum; see Provisions, victual, v.tr. rot
frumentarium providere, comparare, frumentwn
(com)parare, conferre; see Food.
viti, v.intr. aemulari alqm or cum alqo ; see
Rival.
view. I. v.tr. see Inspect, Look, See. II.
n. 1, (ad)spcctus(= vision), acics(- glance), ocufa
(= eye), prospectus (at a distance), oefjiaehu (from
a high place), conspectus (=sight; all -us); to
be in — , in consjvctu esse: to come into — , M
cunspectum venire ; in — of, in oculis sitv.m esse ;
see Sight; 2, see Design; point of — , ratio ;
to consider i:i the right point of—, vcre or reo>e
judicare de alqd re.
vigil, n. 1, see Watch ; 2. in church affairs,
pervigilium; 3, see Eve. vigilance, D. vigi-
lantia; see Care. vigilant, adj. + vigil,
vigilant, iutentus, providvs, diligens. Adv. I
la'nter, intents, diligentcr.
vigour, n. vis (physical and mental, pi. vires\
robur, -Oris, n. (= physical strength), nervi, lacsrti
(= nerve), vigor (= energy), vigorous, adi.
valens. validus(= possessing physical strength),
ttrenuHS, impiger, acer (ss energetic), vegdus( —
fresh), ./trows, comb, firmus et robustus («.g. raf>
miMicfc), valens et jinnw (e.g. civitas), robustus
(= robust ; man, state, food), comb. rooiw<«« et
valens (e.g. lwmo), lacertosus (= muscular, mau
and animal), corpore vigens. corpore xahdus, cor-
pore robusto (the first of youthfulness, the second
of physical strength, the third of a stout, healthy
body), fortis (= strong), acer (= eager); see
Stronc, Energetic. Adv. fort iter, acrvter ; see
Strongly, Eagerly.
vil
910
voc
vile, adj. abjectus, nequam, turpis, detestabilis,
inquinatus, illiberal™, sordidus, foctlus. Adv.
abjtxte, nequiter, turpiler, inquinatc, iUibcraliter,
sord>de,foedc. viieness, n. turpitvdo, ncquilia,
illiberalitas, foeditas ; see Depravity, vilify,
v.tr. alqm ignominid afficcre; see Slander.
villa, n. villa.
village, n. pagus, vicus. villager, u. pa-
ganus, vicanus, rusticus, agreslis.
villain, n. 1, in Mediaeval Latin, *villanus ;
2, homo scclestus, sceleratus, nefarius, nequam,
flagitiosus, as a term of reproach, also scelus,
-iris, n., ftagitium ; see Rogue, villanous,
adj. scelestus, sceleratus, nefarius, nequam, flagitio-
sus.- villany, n. 1, as disposition, see Wicked-
ness ; 2, as act, scelus, -iris, n., /acinus, -oris, n.,
dedecus, -oris, n., consilium foedum, flagitium.
vindicate, v.tr. a right, jus tencre, obiinere,
retinere; one's character, sibi constare, a sc
non desciscere ; to — one's liberty, se in. liberta-
tem vindicare. vindication, n. see Defence.
vindictive, adj. ulciscendi cupidus; a — spirit,
ulciscendi or ultionis cupidito : Adv. use adj.
vine, I. ii. vitis, labrusca (iritis) (= "wild — ) ;
a small — , viticida. II. adj. vinearius (Col.), or
by genit. of vitis; — dresser, vinitor; — yard,
•evtvea, vinetmu, arbustum. vinegar, n. acelurn;
— bottle, acetabulum; — leafj pa.mpinus, in. and
f. Vinery, n. perhaps vites sub vitreis con-
sitae. vinous, adj. vinosus (mostly post class.).
vintage, n. vindemia, vindemiola, (small) ; to
gather the — , vindemiare was or vin um (Plin).
vintner, n. vinarius (ante and post class.).
violate, v.tr. violarc, rumpere. violable,
adj. t i-iolaoilis. violation, n. 1, violatio; 2,
see Rape, violence, n. violentia, vis, ardor
(of heat), fervor (of heat or passion), impotentia
(= lack of restraint), acerbitas, morositas, immani-
tas (all three of temper), (caeli) intemperies,
(fiaeli, morbi, etc.) gravitas, aestus, -i7s(of a fever,
etc.). violator, n. violator, ruptor. violent,
adj. f violens, violenlus (= boisterous, of mind,
etc.), acer, vehemens, impotens, gravis (of illness,
weather, etc.); see Severe, Cruel. Adv. vio-
lenter, acriter, vehementer, impotentcr, graviter.
violet, I. n. viola, ion (Plin.); a V '. jf — s.
violarium ; the colour, t viola. II. adj. viola-
ecus, ianthinus (Plin.).
Violin, n. fides, -ium, f. (e.g. to play oil the
— . fidibus canere.)
vipor, u. vipera (lit. and tig.), aspis, -idis, f.
vii'ago, n. 1, = female •warrior, t virago,
mvlier or virgo bellicosa, animosa, fortis ; 2,=
quarrelsome woman, mnlier jurginsn.
virgin, I. n. virgo. II. adj. t virgineus,
virginalis (e.g. verecundia), virgo in app. to
' noun (e.g. id ego virgo feci); — soil, terra, rudis
(ante class.), virginity, n. virginitas.
virile, adj. (e.g. age) virilis ; see Manly.
virility, n. virilitas (Plin., Quint.).
virtue, n. virtus, -litis, t., lavs (= praise-
worthy condition), honestum, rectum (= what
is right), honestas (= probity), sanctimonia
( = guiltlessness), pudicitia ( = modesty of a
woman, as her first — ) ; = efficacy, virtus,
-utis, vis; to have — in anything, ad alqd aid
prodesse; by — of, per with accus. or ex with
fiblat. (e.g. he does it by — of his wealth, per
opes or (ex) opibus hocfacit). virtual, adj. and
adv. re non verba, virtuous, adj. virtute
prr^editus or ornalus sanHus (= pleasing to God,
or persons a\-d things), honestus, probus (•- up-
right, of men), castas (= chaste); a — life, vita
honesta or sancta. virtuoso, n. alcjs rei r-Hfex,
alcjs rei pentissimvs.
virulence, n. 1, vis, gravitas (e.g. morbi);
see Poison* ; 2, fig. acerbitas, virus, n. viru-
lent, adj. (gravis (e.g. climate, caelum); lig.
acerbus ; see Bitter. Adv. graviter, accrbe.
visage, n. see Face, Countenance.
viscera, n. viscera, -um, exta,-orum.
viscid, adj. t tenax, glutinosus(= sticky, like
gl no, Col.); see Sticky.
visible, adj. a(d)sp>cctaMlis, quod ccrni potest ,
quod a(d)spectu seulitiir, conspectus, conspicuus( =
clear to be seen), c.qiressus (= clearly expressed,
e.g. vestigia, indicia), cy>er/i'8(=open, opp. occul-
lus, e.g. discord, simultas ; dolor), manifestus
(= manifest), latens, occvltus (e.g. cacdes). Adv.
manifesto; see Clearly", Evidently - , vision, n.
(in optics) visus, -us, a(d)spectus, -lis, sensus, -its
videndi, ccrnendi; an optical illusion, res objecta
( = wliat appears to the eye, Cic), visns,-V£, visum,
visio (— anything seen, a — in a dream), species
(both awake and in a dream), simulacrum (= any-
thing we fancy as resembling a certain thing).
visionary, adj. opp. to real, inanis, fictus,
vaults ; of character, fanaticus ( = enthusiastic),
perhaps cogitationi deditus (= unpractical), by
circumloc, see Dream, Image.
visit, I. n. salutatio, sidutationis ojicium (in
the Roman sense, of friends and clients in the
morning); to come on a — , visendi caus(s)d
venire; to accept the — of anyone, alqm ad-
mittere; your — will be welcome to all, cams
omnibus exspeetalusque venies. II, v.tr. alqm
(iti)i'iserc or visitare, visendi caus(s)d venire
(to see how anyone is), adirc, convenire alqm
(in order to speak to or transact business
with anyone), suluture alqm, salutatum or sidu-
tandi caus[s)d. ad alqm venire, ad alqm salu-
tandum venire (out of politeness, = to wait upon),
obire, adirc, venire ad, etc., frequcntare ( = at-
tend, as a school); to — a fair, obire nundinas;
to go on a round of — s, — anyone's country-
seats, obire villas suas ; (in a Scriptural sense)
alqm urgerc, vexare, punire. visitation, n. (of
Divine Providence) poena, visitor, n. salu-
tans, splulator, qui visendi (ac salutandi) caus(s)d
venit (oi veniunt)adalqm, hospes, -itis(= guest) ; I
have — s, liabeo alqm inecum ; I have no — , solus
sum, neminem mecum habeo ; I shall have many
— s, multi ajiud mc erunt.
visor, n. bucvtthi ( - cheek-piece)
vista, n. prospectus, -lis; see View.
visual, adj. (e.g. nerve) oculorum nervns.
vital, adj. vital is( = belonging to life) ; =very
important, maximi inomenti. Adv. maximi mo-
menti; see Very, vitality, n. animus, vis
vitalis; see Lipe.
vitiate, v.tr. vitiare, corrumpcre. vitia-
tion, n. corritptio, depravatio.
vitreous, adj. vitreus.
vitriol, n. * vitriolum.
vituperate, v.tr. see Scold, vitupera-
tion, n. vitupcratio, reprehensio. Vitupera-
tive, adj. see Abusive.
vivacious^ adj. vividus; see Active, Cheer-
fcl. vivacity, n. vigor; see Liveliness,
Cheerfulness, vivid, adj. see Lively - .
viviparous, adj. — animals, besiiae quae
parlum edunt (vivum).
vixen, n. 1, = she-fox, wipes, -is; 2, =quar-
reisome woman, mulier jurgiosa.
vizier, n. cui summa imqierii delegat". est.
vocabulary, n. index verborum (— list
of words), verba, (nostra) (= abundance of
words).
voc
911
waf
vocal, adj. vocal is ; — music, vocum, cantus,
>us; — and instrumental music, vocum nervor-
unique cantus.
vocation, n. officium, partes, -ium, munus,
■eris, u.
vocative, n. casus, -us, vocativus (Gram.).
vociferate, v.intr. vociferari. vocifera-
tion, n. vociferatio. vociferous, adj. and
adv. magno (cum) clamore.
VOgue, u. to be in — , expeti (of what lias
a sale), maris esse ( = to be the custom).
voice, I. 11. vox ( = the faculty of uttering
sounds ; then the sound produced), cantus, -us,
(= song), sonus (= sound of the — and of musical
instruments), vocis sonus; a clear — , dura vox
(opp. vox obtusa), vox canora (opp. vox fusca) ;
a high — , vox acuta (opp. vox gravis) ; with a
loud — , clam voce, magna voce ; to raise the — ,
attollere sonum ; to lower the — ,submitterevocem;
the general — , omnium consensus, -its, con-
sensus puhlicus ; there is but one — , omnes uno
ore in alqd re consentiunt ; in Gram, a verb in
the active, passis'e— , verbum activum, passivum.
II. v.tr. see Utter.
void, I. adj. 1, see Empty ; 2, lacking any-
thing, vacuus (ab) alqd re, carens alqd re, egens
alcjs rei or alqd re ; — of, inops alcjs rei or alqd
re, privatus or spoliatus alqd re. II. n. inanitas,
inane, vacuitas, vacuum. III. v.tr. see Empty,
v.tr., Vacate.
volatile, adj. volaticus (lit. and fig.) ; fig. (of
anyone's character, levis, mobilis (opp. constant).
volatility, n. (of fluids, etc.) by fugere ; tig.
leoitas, ingenium mobile, animus levis, vanitas,
mobilitas (ingenii or animi, o\>\>. constautia),
comb, mobilitas et levitas animi.
volcano, n. mons e cuju-s vertice ignes erum-
punt, or mons flammas eructans. volcanic,
adj. flammas eructans, ignes or flammcus evo-
mens.
volition, n. voluntas.
volley, n. tormenta, -orum, emissa; — of
words, flumen or turba (inanium) vcrborum.
voluble, adj. see Fluent.
volume, n. = book, or division of book,
liber, volumen (= a roll of parchment), pars (as a
part) ; — of smoke, etc., t volumen, or by noun
with or without adj. (e.g. fumus, = smoke, aqua
= water), voluminous, adj. by mult us (e.g.
he has left —writings on this, multa or plurima
lie hdc re reliquit).
voluntary, adj. volunlarius, volens (opp.
coactus), non coactus, lion invitus, or by sjxintc
(med, etc.). Adv. (med, etc.) voluntate, sponte
(= of one's own accord), comb, sua sponte et
voluntate, ultro ( = without being asked), vol-
unteer, I. n. voluntarius (miles); — s, (militcs)
■voluntarii. II. v.iutr. voluntate facerc alqd; of
soldiers, nomen (pi. of several, iwmina) dare.
voluptuous, adj. voluptarius, libidinosus,
ad voluptates propensus, voluptatibus or rebus
venereis dedilus, impudicus (= unchaste), deli-
catus (= effeminate), voluptuousness, n.
voluptas, libido, or in the pi. libidines.
vomit, I. n. vomitus, -us, vomitio (both of the
act and the matter thrown up ; mostly post
class.). II. v.tr. and intr. (e)vomere, vomitart
(frequently or much, Col. Seu.).
voracious, adj. edax, cibi avidus, gulosus
(who is always eating), vorax (lit. and fig.).
Adv. avide (lit or fig.), voracity, a edacitas,
cibi aviditas, voracitas.
yortex. u. vertex, turbo,
votary, n. (con)secratus, taut \— sacred, a*
belonging to the gods), iu a gen. sense, admira-
tor, studiosus alcjs or alcjs rei ; a — of any
science, by alci rei se tradire. vote, I. u.
sententia (in gen. = opinion ; — of the sci
of the judge and the people), suffragium (of a
citizen in thecomitia; also of the voting tablet),
j)H/i'.'(«»t( = the vote which a candidate gained In
thecomitia), tabella ( = voting tablet) ; toobtain
the greatest number of —8 in a tribe, binge
plurima in alqd tribu puncta ferrt (Cic.) ; the
right to a — , suffragium, or jus suffragii. II.
v.intr. scntentiam ferre (e.g. of a judge), in sen-
tentiam alcjs discedere ( = to go over to another's
opinion), suffragium ferre (by single individuals
among the people in the comitia), in suffragium
ire or suffragium inire (of the people iu the
comitia); censere, decernire, jubire(o( the formal
decrees of the senate) ; to — for any one's opinion,
in sentenliam pede or (of several) pedibns ire; to
— for anyone, suff'ragari alci (ad »iiiumi)(wlien
anyone applies for a post); for anything, suffra-
gari alci rei (also llg. = to approve, e.g. ndrjs
consilio). voter, n. suffragator ( = one who
votes in favour of anyone), qui suffragium fcrt
(who gives a vote), qui suffragium habet (who
has the right of voting), voting-tablet, n.
tabella (iu gen.), suffragium (in the comitia).
votive, adj. votivus(e.S- ludi).
vouch, I. v.tr. asseverate, testari, affirmart,
confirmare, adjurare (e.g. with accus. and intin.,
= swear that a thing is so). II. v.intr. testificari
(but o! ten with accus.); to — for anything, by
praestare alqd or de alqd re (e.g. iluiuimra, pen-
culum), alqd in se recipere, spondcre futurum ut,
etc. voucher, n. 1, see Witness ; 2, see
Receipt, vouchsafe, v.intr. conctdere.
VOW, I. n. voluvi, voti sponsio or ni(>u.ujx<tio
(in the presence of proper witnesses), devotio
alcjs rei (e.g. vitae) ; reliqio(= duty, constraint,
etc. imposed by a vow). II. v.tr. (de)
alqd alci (also with fut inlln.); — to do any I
spondere, promiltere se alqd factum.:
Promise, Undertake.
vowel, n. lit(t)era voculis.
voyage, I. n. navigatio, cursits, -**. II.
v.inn. luu-igare; see Sail, Travel.
vulgar, adj. vulgaris (belonging to the
mass), ]ilebeius ( =peculiar to the plcbs, plebeian),
illibcralis, sordidus, rusticus ; see Ride. Adv.
Uliberaliter, sordide, rustice, more rustic, vul-
garism, n. sermo vulgaris, vulgarity, n.
see Rudeness.
vulnerable, adj. qui (qua*, quod) wlnerari
potest.
vulpine, adj. vulpinus (Plin.).
vulture, n. vultur(ius) Git. and tig.), milvus.
w.
wabble, v.intr. vacillare (both lit and fig.).
wabbling, n. vacillatio.
wad, V tr. to — a dress, vesti xylinum (=
cotton, Plin.) insuere. wadding, n. lyhnum
vestibus insuendum.
waddle, v.intr. anatis in moditm xncedire.
wade, v.intr. (through a river, etc.), vado
transiraalqm locum.
wafer, n. 1, in the eucharist, panis unae
sacrae; 2, for fastening letters, cera or ngnuxti
(;= seal).
waf
912
wai
waft, v.tr. sublime ferre,
wag, I. v.tr. movere, quassarc ; see Shark;
— the tail, caudam movere. II. n. homo jo-
cosus, jocvlator. waggery, 11. joca, -orum,
/need".', waggish, adj. jocosus.
wage, v.tr. bcllum gerire cam alqo ; — war;
see War. wager, I. ti. s2wnsio ; to lay a — ,
$l<onsio»emJacere cum alqo. J I. v.intr. see Bet.
wages, n. merces, -idis, {., stipendium.
waggle, v.tr. and intr. see Wao.
wagon, n. plaustrum, vehiculum, currus, -iis.
wagoner, n. plaustri ductor.
wagtail, i). motacilla.
waif, ii. of persons, inops, egens ; of tilings,
ubjectus.
wall, Z. v.intr. tfangere; see Lament. II.
u. planctus, -iis; see Lamentation.
wain, n. plaustrum.
wainscot, n. paries, -etis, m.
waist, n. corpus, -oris, a., medium, waist-
band, u. see Belt, waistcoat, n. thorax
laneits (= under — of wool (Suet.) worn by in-
valids), subucula (worn under the tunic).
wait, v.intr. manere; to — for, opperiri,
ex(s)pectare, <xlqm or alqd, praeatolari alci or alqm,
vulture alqm (so esp. of late, etc., awaiting any
one, but not with accus. in Cic. or Caes.), or
ihim al'js adveniat ; to — on, alci famulari (so
viinistmre alci jjocufa) ; = to salute, salutare
tdqiH, alqm salutatum venire.
Wait, n. 1, lie in — ; see Ambush ; 2, a
nightly musician, qui node Jidibus canit.
waiter, n. 1, famulus (in the house), minister
(who assists in any certain thing), puer (= boy) ;
2, see Tray, waiting, n. 1, = delay, etc. ;
tnora, ex(s)peetatio, mansio, comma ratio; 2, at
table, etc., ministerium ; 3, = calling, salutatio;
lord, lady in — , by vnns (una) ex eis qui circa
alqm sunt; see Attendance. waitress,
waiting-maid, U. fdmula, ministra, ancilla
(= servant). (N.B. Waiting at table in Roman
times was carried on by men).
waive, v.tr. alqd concedere, de alqd re de-
cider e,
wake, I. v.tr. exsvscitare, expergejacere (e
somno), excitare (e somno), (ex)sHscitare (e) somno.
II. v.intr. excitari, etc. III. n. pervigilium
(funebre). wakeful, adj. vigil, + exsomnis,
+ insomnis. wakefulness, n. insomnia, vigi-
lantia, vigilia.
walk, I. v.intr. ire (in gen., also for plea-
sure, e.g. ibam forte via sacra, Hor.), gradi,
ingredi (in a quiet manner), inccderc (sometimes
— affectedly or majestically), ccdere ; to —
about, deambulure (till one is tired, e.g. in lit-
ore), inambularc (up and clown in a place, e.g.
in gymnasia), obnmbulare alci loco ; in front of
the rampart, ante Valium; in the fields, in
herbU ; spatiari (for exercise, in alqo loco), to —
out, take a — , besides the preceding general
terms, more particularly by ire or abirc (de)am-
bidatum, delectntionis caus(s)d ambulate (up and
flown a little, etc.) ; to — (opp. to ride, etc.) on
a journey, pedilms ire, venire, iter face re, vedibvi
■incedere. II. n. 1, = the act or state of — ing,
(de)amhulatio, inambulatio, itio ; 2, = manner
of — ing, invessvs, -us, ingressus, -us; 3, to take
a — , olqo ire ; to go for a — , (de)ainbuhUnm ire;
to go for a — to any one's houso, viamfacere ad
alqm; for pleasure or exercise, ambulatio (as act,
thtnas the place along which we walk), inambu-
latio; a short — , amhulat iuncnlafactand place) ;
= avenue, ambulacrum (= planted with trees ;
ante and post class.), xystus (= alley, Vitr.);
".overed — , tecta ambidatio or ambula'Jiincula.
walker, n. (inasc. and fern.), qui, quae (de)-
ambidat, ambulator (fern, ambulatrix, who makes
a business of it, e.g. villicus ambulator esse non
debet, Col. ; villica ne sit ambulatrix, Cato do
R. R.). walking, n. see Walk, II. 1.
wall, I. n. munis, moenia, -ium(= walls of a
city), maceria (of clay, etc., as a fence round
gardens, farmyards, vineyards, parks, etc.),
varies, -clis, m. (= party — , partition in a
building, house), projnignacula, -orum, n. ( —
bulwarks) ; the ruins of an old — , parietinae.
II. v.tr. muro cingere or circumdare, munire
(= to fortify).
Wallet, n. pera (Mart.), saccus, mantica.
wallow, v.intr. — in the mire, in Into (lit.
and fig.), volutari.
walnut, n. juglans ; — tree, jvglans,
wan, adj. pallidus ; see Palei
wand, n. virga; see Rod, Staffi
Wander, v.intr. vttffctri, palari, errare, per-
vgre ablre (= to gc i broad), peregrinari (= to
travel abroad) ; to — over any place, alqm locum
pcrvagari ; to — from the subject, decrrare, otpA
rare (ab) alqd re; to — from (in a moial sense),
de via decedert (all = to stray from the right
path) ; to — in mind, Uelirare. wanderer, n.
erro, peregrinator (abroad), wandering, adj.
1, errabundus, vagus; 2, fig. neglegens (= inat-
tentive), delirus (= crazy).
wane, v.intr. dccvesccre (of the moon, day,
etc.), senescere (of the moon, and fig. of life,
praise, etc.) ; 6ee Decrease, DeclinEi
want, I. n. = deficiency, peiiurla, opp. copia,
generally with genit), Miopia (with genit), egestas
(= destitution), desiderium (= the — of a thing
previously possessed), defectio, defectus, -iis (the
latter rare, except in Plin.), difficultas, an-
gustiae; by compounds (e.g. — of temperance,
intemperantia ; inertia (of activity) ; to be in
— of anything, alqd re carcre (in gen. — not
to have a thing), alqd re egere, indigere (= to
feel the lack of), alcjs rei inopid laborare,
premi, or simply ab afqd re laborare, alqd re
premi (= to be pressed for it) ; to come to — ,
ad inopiam venire; to sutler — , to live in
poverty, vitam inopem colere, in egestate esse
or versari. II. v.intr. alqd alci deesse (of
whnt we should have), abesse (when we do not
feel the — , e.g. hoc unum ille, si nihil utilitatis
habe.at, abfuit; si opus erat, deficit, Cic), deficcre
(= to be short of anything) ; alqd abalqo desiderari
(of what we do not like to miss) ; 1 shall not be
— ing, (alci) non deero. III. v.tr. 1, = to requite,
egere alqd re, seldom abjs rei, indigere alqd re
or alcjs rei, opi/s or usus est alqd re (when it
would be uselul), desiilerare alqd, requirrre alqd ;
I — so and so, carta alqd re(= I have not got it),
egeo alqd re (I should like to have it), deficit viihi
alqd or deficit me alqd (= it has left me, i.e. I am
short of it), alqd van suppetit (= it is not sulli-
cient); I — nothing further, nihil ultra flayiio;
see Lack ; 2, = wish ; see Wish, wanting,
adj. by deesse ; see Want, 1 1.
wanton, I. adj. e.g. boys, fasciitis (in play),
protervns, pctulans (= bold) ; grown — by pros-
perity, superbus(e.g. in fortund),dis$olutus(= dis-
solute), intemjKrans (= indulging in sensuality),
effrenntus (= licentious); — injuries, injuriac,
ultro factue. Adv. ultra (=witliout provocation),
lascive, petulanter, proterve, dissolute, intemper-.
anter, efi'renate. II. v.intr. lasiivire, lascivum,
etc., esse; see above, wantonness, n. lasci-
via, petulantia, protervitas, intemperantia.
war, I. n. bellum ( = — by land, b. terrvstre;-
by sea, navale ; civil, intestine, intestinum, do-
mesticum, civile ; with the Gauls, Gallicum; with
war
913
wat
slaves, servile; for life and death, InHmecinum),
(if»io,-orwm(»arm8),7»ii{Wa(= military service,
strategy), (inniildu, -««( = outbreak in provinces,
or cl<"s'e at lupine), t Mars (poet., except in
phrases meo, suo, etc., Marte); in — , {in) hello;
in time of — , belli tempore ; in — and in peace,
ilomi bellique or belloque, domi militiaeque;
to seek an occasion for - , bellum quaerere;
to cause or stir up — , bellum movcrc, concilare,
txcitare, ciere ; to carry on a —,bellare, bellum
gerere, against, c«»i alqo ; see Arms, Military,
Soldier. II. v.intr. bellare, bellum genre ; see
above, war-cry, n. clamor, bellious ; to raise
tlifi — , efomorem tollcre. warfare, n. see War,
I. war-horse, n. cquus mititaris or (W-
lutor, or simply equus. warlike, adj. mili-
turis (e.g. inerat in co habitus chilis vcre ric
militaris), bcllicosus, ferox (= inclined to war),
belliger (= martial), warrior, n. miles.
V/arble, v.tr. canere. warbling, n. can-
tus, -us.
ward, I. v.tr. to — off a blow, in fencing,
idiim (or petitioilem) vitare, cavcre, cavcre Ct pro-
putsure, also simply cavere, vitare (with the
sword), ietum dedinare, petUionetA decliitulione
corporis effugcre, also silnply ictUm effugere (by
turning); fig. crmovcre, depellere, repellcre, pro-
pcllere, propuhare, arcere, avertere, defendtre
{alqd, from anyone, ab alqo or alcjs), deprecan
(by entreaties, e.g. a se calamitatem). II. n.
1, = quarter of a town, regio, viffus (as fcts. both
prob. post Aug.) ; 2, s= custody, custodier, car-
ver, -iris, n. ( = prison); see Custody ; 3, = a
lninor, pupillus, pupilla ; 4, - part of a key,
cktvis dens. Warden, warder, n. ctwtoa.
wardrobe, n. vestiarium (= place and the
carmen ts together, Plin., Col.), ml is, vestimenta,
onnn (= garments in gen.), wardship, n.
tutela; see Guardianship.
Ware, n. 1, mew ; see Goods, Merchandise ;
2. see Pottery, warehouse, I. n. horreum,
receptaculum mercium, cella (= stores), apotheca.
II. v.tr. condere.
warm, I. adj. aAidus (opp. frigidus); —
water cal(i)da ; a — desire, desiderixtm ardent
or flagrant; luke- -, tepidus ; to be - caiere ;
to become -, calescere, calefien. II. v.tr. cede-
fucere, tepefacere ( = to make tepid), fovere (by the
heat of the body), warming-pan, n. vu
exMlfactorium. warmth, n. calor (e.g. solis ,
flit, in Quint,, Plin. esp., dicent is,duxndi), fir-
vor (lit and tig.), tepor (lit); he speaks with
— , iivius dicit.
warn v.tr. (pme)jnon?re or admonere alqm
ut (or ne)! warning, n. («d)mo.ulio(the act),
monitus, -us (= - from heaven, by oracles, etc. ,
(od)monitum (= notice given), exemplum, dotu-
mentum (= example); to listen to a -, audin
or facere ea quae alqs sapientermonuit , to take
anything as a -, habere alqd siH documento , to
take anyone as a -, exemplum sibi ta&n de
alqo ; of a master, perhaps mteum (missam)
facere (mctaph. from dismissing snldiers, OB
the Roman servants were slaves, wmdfre may be
used at times) ; of a servant's -, ofci rcnuntauc
or ab alqo discedere or abire (= leave).
warp I. n. (in manufacture) stamen. II.
v intr. (of wood, etc.) pandare, pandarU 111.
v.'tr. of wood, pandu-m facere, fig. torque*; see
Distort.
warrant, I. v.tr. to - an officer, etc., ala
copiam dare or potestatem facere to do a thing,
alcjs rei facienfae ; to a purchaser PJ^ar
alqd or de alqa re, to anyone, aid; to feel -e<i
in anything, mag nam fiduciam alcjs rei habere,
?™\o" meherc{u)le, medius Julius; see also
Promi^'unpsexake.' l|, n. (a written insttu-
•ncnt, In gen.), iiurtnritus (also in the pi.), po<«*-
tas, mandotttm, or bv aucCor (eg. I * '" r,: .
un ier the — of Caesar), warrantable, a.lj.
qwoti asouaari potest ; see Allow, warranty.
n. mtisdntio ; see Guarantee.
warren, n. leporariim (Var.).
warrior, n. see under Wau.
wart, n. verruca; covered with — s, verru-
cosus.
wary, a(, J- consideratus, cautus. wariness,
n. cuutt'o, circumspedlo.
wash, I. v.tr. lavarc.ubluere; to — spots out .>f
a garment, maculasvestiseluere. II. v.intr. lavun.
III. n. 1, lavatio ; to take a -, !«"«".• 2, =
ointnicnt,/uci(3; — hand-basin, uijualii(PIaut.) ;
—handstand, abacus ; —house, vella in qua
linlca lavantur; —tub, labrum eliuicrum (Cat'i .
washerwoman, midier (or where possible, servu)
quae lintea lavat.
wasp. n. Mspo. waspish, adj. t mordax;
sec Irritable.
waste, I. v.tr. vantare, {de}]x>pulari, pcrpofm-
lari (=to lay-), see Destroy; comunurr,
abtumerc, conficere (all of sorrow, disease, etc) ,
= to squander, ditaipart, perdirt, profundert,
effundire, exedere{= to eat away, lit. and tig.) , to
— time, tempus perdirt ; see Spend. II. v-mtr.
e a the body, (con )tabetcere (e.g. moroo, rf&tideno),
nmsumi, con^ct. III. a. 1, = lonely place, vat-
titas, solihtdo, loca deterta or deterta, -onuu, 2.
of expenditure, sumptus effnti or profusi ; J.
in manufactures, raiaeata, -omm, (oi metals,
etc.), acoWa (= sawdust or nlings); 4, = loss m
cen iadura, damnum; see Loss; 5, fig. moral
Lby special nouns (e.g. - of energy, '«'«»J«-
rantia ; of time, inertia [= azines.J). IV. adj.
(e " country) vastus, incultus (opp. Bllru*, 09*-
SiS's, of the Held), comb, desertus el tnrttu. or
tncuHus et desertus (e.g. so!i<m). wasteful, adj.
profusus, effusus (of persons ami things), pro-
diqus (usu of persons). Adv. profuse efluse,
pfodige. wastefulness, n.pro/uj.o ejTwto;
see Waste, III. 2- waste-book, n. adver-
saria, -orum.
watch I. n. 1, - a watching, ejwiibiae,
vtgm? to keep-, vigilare ; 2. mlliUry tern.
men set to -, vigilia (e.g. rwiJ«u poii««, ■ = •>
set a -), *ta«o (of Mn «"^'^ t (? e t )l f m J « I *
tores (= sentinels), teeubiae (Tac), a —man,
v%l (regular term for city policeman in Impenal
Rome) ; 3. a division of time, vxgdux (e.g. F'J™'.
Dcundd vigilia, = in the first, second, etc. There
5SJS _es in tiie night) ; 4, ^f f ^W^J&
rofoniiniiixiri-Klum; seeCLOCK. II. \.i nti. (pti>
,' «• /, •«■ ewubore ; to - till late at night, ad m u -
Z noctem de ,nult& node ; = to lie obwrvant.
nl entumesse III. v.tr. 1,= tonbserve, alqd <i er ,
S S en^^e( = tohavein r v,, S
«u/oror« ( = to examine); see Observe Examine.
9 - toeuard, oMafodira; see Guard ; to —for,
fk^> evttre, opperiri(a!qm, or alqd} I a r, («W^
(i„ '/mbush, then metaph ... gen.) ; to - a. p-
iiortunlty. ocawio.ieia mptare; to - o^-/"' 1
},;/,„ obmvan. watchnro.n. ,!,..... watoh-
ful adl tn't7«, BfffUlW* Ad\- tiffim m e.
watchfulness, n. vigilanlia^ n^ja; seea Uo
permit. . , __..
r „... r T n aava (plur. a-juae of a larger
n^^alsoofmXinal springs), t "«.£»»■
Ska and y, t unda ; running - , «,««««., /^
town; fresh -, Muo duicis: salt- -, <W«»
wat
914
wea
salsa ;sea — , aqua marina; rain--^, aqua pluvia-
tilis, aqua caelestis ; to go for, fetch — , upturn
petere, aquatum ire, aquari (in a larger quantity,
i.e. of soldiers for the army) ; to lay tinder — ,
irrigate (e.g a field), inundare (= to 'inundate) ;
by land and — , terrd marique ; to travel by — ,
navigare; prov., still — s run deep, altissima
quaequs ftumina minimo sono labuntur (Curt.);
ths — under the skin, aqua intercus( = dropsy) ;
= urine, urina; = colour of a diamond, splen-
dor; — -bearer, in gen., aquarius, in tlte army,
aqualor, = a sign of the zodiac, Aquarius ;
bottle, ampulla, lagena; — butt, -cask, dolium ;
— clock, clepsydra; — closet, latrina, sella fa-
miliar ica; — -colour, pigmentum aqua clilutum;
— fall, aqua ex editodesiliens(P\in. ) ; — fowl, avis
aqyatica (Plin.). II. adj. atptatilis, aquarius ; —
animals, aquatilia, -ium, pi. III. v.tr. and
intr. irrigare (figure) ; see also Sprinkle, Mix;
' it makes my teeth or my mouth — , salivam
miM alqd movet (Sen.), watering, n. aqua-
' tio( = fetching of — , or by verb, e.g. aqua-turn ire) ;
— of plants, by aqua conspergere ; place (of
inland places, i.e. mineral springs), aquae;
of seaside, circumloc. with maritimus (e.g.
oppidum maritimum) ; pot, hydria, urceus;
see Jak. waterproof, adj. aquae vi resistens.
watersnake, n. hydrus. waterspout, n. 1,
fislida (=waterpipe); 2, = sheet ot water, ty-
phon (Plin.). waterworks, n. aquaeductus,
■us (=an aqueduct, the nearest class, equiva-
lent to our— ). watery, adj. aqualilis (Plin.,
= having a — taste), aquosus (= abounding in
water).
■wattle, I. n. 1, = hurdle, crates, -is, f. ; 2,
of a cock, palea. II. v.tr. contexcre ; see Weave.
wave, I. n. unda, fluctus, -us. II. v.tr.
agitare, jactare, t rotare. III. v.iutr. undare,
fluctuare, ifluitare, agitari, jactari.
waver, v.intr. fluctuare (animi or animo),
dubitare ; see Hesitate, waverer, n (homo)
inconstans, incertus. wavering, n. inconstan-
tia, animus incertus or dubius or suspentus, du-
. bitatio.
wax, n. cera ; to mould in — , e cerd fingcre ;
— candle, — light, cereus. waxen, adj. cereus.
wax, v.intr. crescere; see Grow.
way, n. rm(lit. and flg.),ifer,-Mieris,n.(=th3
going from one place to another, hence a march),
aditus, -us ( = access), cursus, -Us ( = the direction
or course), semita(= a small way, a path) , frames,
-itis, m. (=a subordinate way running along be-
side the highway, afoot-road or path), caUis(=a
hilly road), deverticulum (=a side road leading off
from the chiefor high road), ?n«af?(s,-"s(post Aug.
= a channel or course), limes, -itis, m. (= a boun-
dary path or line), angiportus, -its ( = a narrow —
or street between two rows of houses), ratio ( =
rlan or manner), mos (= custom, e.g. in the — of
the Romans, More Romanorum), consilium, insti-
tutum ( = plan) ; a straight — or path, via recta;
a short — , compendiaria (most often fig., with
quasi, e.g. via ad gloriam proxima et quasi
compendiaria, Cic), compendium viae ; when
there are two — s, bivium; three, trivium; four,
quadrivium; — there is none, avia, -orum; by-
— s iter devium; out of the — , avius, remotus
(lit.), reconditus, exquisitus (fig.) ; to go the
direct — or road, redd vid ire; on the — , inter
viam, ex ilinere ; to make — , see Progress ;
to form a — or plan, rationem inire ; to get
out of the — , de via decedere alci, alcjs con-
gres&um fugere; — s and means, opes, -urn, f.
( = resources), ratio (=plan); by the — , in
passing (of a speaker), strictim ( = cursorily), ut
hoc dicam; see Road; to get under — (of a
ship), absolvi, ancord (ancoram.) solvere, way-
farer, n. viator, waylay, v.tr. alci insi-
diuri or insidias Jait.re. waysido, n. and
adj. ad viam. wayward, adj. see Wilful,
F.ckle.
we, pron. nos ; — ourselves, lios (pet, nosmet
)>si ; frequently not expressed.
weak, adj. tenuis (= thin, opp.cmssus ; then
fig-i e.g. sonus, spes), etilis( = line, e.g. vox, Qui ut. ),
parvus, ezifiruns (=inconsiderable), levis (of what
cannot be maintained, opp. gravis, e.g. argu-
mentnm), imbecillusQuteimbecillis, = —in bodily
strength or mind) ; a — head, ingenium imbecil-
lum ; infirmus (of one who can stand nothing)
debilis ( = frail, opp. robustus), invalidus (opp.
validus), enerTOto(=unnerved, with vclut before
it, also of the state), languidus, j)ie«( = sluggish)
mollis ( = effeminate), fractus(= broken), confictns
(=worn out, of a man and his body), neoes(=dnll,
opp. ace r, e.g. sight, hearing, memory), weakly,
I. adv. tenuiter, exiliter, exigue, imbecille, in-
finite, molliier. II. adj. see Weak, weaken,
v.tr. imbecillum or infirmum(e.g.stomachum) red-
den, debilitare (lit. and tig., e.g. anyone's ragc\
delumbare (fig., e.g. an idea; very rare), enec-
it(re(=to unnerve), infirmare (lit., to make loose
what was lirm ; then fig., to — a thing, e.g.
fidem testis), attenuare, extenuare (lit., to make
thin, = to diminish in geu.), (com)minuere(= to
lessen), frangerc (lit., = to break), hebetare, ob-
iundere(— to make dull), labefactare (= to shake,
lit. and fig.), weakening, n.debilitatio,infruc-
tio, deminutio, imminutio, or by verb, weak-
ness, n. tenuitas (opp. crassitudo, e.g. of a
thread), exilitas (e.g. in dicendo), imbecillitas,
injirmitas (of body and mind), debilitas (of body
and mind), virium defectio, languor, levitas (of
arguments, etc.), vifium, error ( -fault).
weai, n. the public — , salus publica, rcs-
publica.
weal, n. = mark on the body, vibex.
wealth, n. res secundue or prosperae or flo-
rentes, divitiae, opes, -um, pi., copia (esp. with
genit., e.g. rei familiuris), abundant ia alcjs
rei, opulentw, wealthy, adj. bene numma-
tus, pecuniosus, copiis rei familiuris locuphs et
pecuniosus, opulentus, opu.lens, copiosus.
wean, v.tr. 1, iinfantem lacte depellae, a
uiatre prohibcre ; 2, fig., alqm alqd dedoccrc.
weapon, n. arma, -orum, u., telum.
wear, I. v.tr. 1, = to waste, (wit) (ut)!crcre
or deserere ; very much, contererc (e.g. librum
legendo); 2, = to have on the body, gercre,
gesture, indutum esse alqd re, indui alqd re, orna-
turn esse alqd re (as ornament), (suc)ci actum esse
alqd re, ut ialqd re ( = to make use of), tractarealqd
( = to handle, e.g. arma); to — the toga, togatum
esse ; to — away or out, see before, also Con-
sume. II. v.intr. vsu attcri or deieri; to — otf,
evancsccre. III. n. usus, -us(e.g. margaritarum}:
to stand — and tear, of things, vsu non oT
tritum esse, of persons, omnia fortiter perferre.
wearing, n. usus, -vs; — apparel, i-estimentum.
worn, adj. usu detritus (F\in., of a garment);
— out (= hackneyed), contritus, obsolelus (often
used, and hence old, e.g. vestis, fig. verba) ; —
out (= tired out), (de)fatigatus, lassus, fessus;
with illness, wounds, etc., morbo, vulneribus,
etc., confectus or fractus.
weary, I. adj. 1, = fatigued, (de)fatigatus,
lassus, fessus ; 2, = disgusted with, by taedet or
pertaesum est alqm alcjs rei. II. v.tr. alqm
(de)fatigare ; = — with, alqm obtundere ;
see Bore. III. v.intr. by taedet or per-
taesum est alqm alcjs rei. weariness, n. 1,
— fatigue, (de)fatigatio, lassitudo; 2, fig. toe-
dinm. wearisome, adj. longus, laboriosus,
weasel, n. mnstela.-
wea
915
who
weather, I. n. caelum, caeli stains, -us, tcm-
pestas (good or bad) ; fine, clear — , tempestas
bona or screna, caelum Slldum or sere a u m ;
dry — , siccitas ; to depend upon the — , to be
guided by the — , by tempestatis rationem habere ;
— cock, gallus a.(h)cneus ; — wise, caeli muta-
tionum peritus. II. v.tr. 1, lit. alqm locum
circumrehi; 2, i\g. superure ; — a storm, vim
tempestatis pcrferre.
weave, v.tr. (cun)texcre (lit. and tig.).
weaver, n. textor. web, n. tectum, texture,
tela; — footed, quibus pedes ad nandum accom-
modate sunt.
wed, v.tr. see Marev. wedlock, n. see
Marriage, wedding, n. see Mabriaoe;
— day, dies nuptiarum ; to lix the — day, diem
tiuptiis dicere.
wedge, I. ii. cuncus ; — shaped, cuneatus ;
seats in the theatre in • — shape, cunei; troops
drawn up in — shape, cuneus. II. v.tr. cuneare ;
— together, see Crowd.
Wednesday, n. * dies Mercurii.
weed, I. n. herba inutilis or iners. II. v.tr.
(e)runcare.
weed, n. = garment, vestis; in — sofpeae-=-
(cives) togali ; widows' — s, viduarum mure
vestita.
week, n. septem dierum spatium, septem dies
or hebdomas ; one — , septem dies ; a fort-
night, quindecim dies (Caes.). week-days, n.
dies profesti (opp. dies fasti), dies negotiosi (Tac.,
opp. diessacri). weekly, adj. by circumluc.
(e.g. — wages, mcrces quae iu s'uigulas hebdo-
wades habentur).
weep, v.intr. and tr. lacrimare or lacrimiri,
Uterinum fundere ( = to shed tears), (de)plorare
(loudly), lamentari (of sustained weeping), eju-
lare (pitifully, e.g. of female mourners),
vagire (of little children) ; — over anything, alci
rei illacrimare or illacrinutri. weeping, n.
fletim, -us, Uterinum (=tears), ploratus, ejulatus,
vagitus (all -us), lamentatio.
weevil, n. curculio.
weigh, I. v.tr. 1, (cx)pendirc, perpendcre,
examinarc ; 2, flg. (ex)peiidere, perpendcre, pon-
derc.re, examinare (e.g. tjuddam populari trutind
examinari, Cic.), considerare cum or in anhnn,
secttm reputare, mente agitare or volularc ; —
deeply, multa (etiamatqueeliam) secttm reputare;
— down, opprimSre (lit. and tig.). II. v.intr.
pondo pcadere or pondo valcre with aec. of the
weight; to — heavily, magni jmidcris esse; to
— ten pounds, decent librae cxplerc. weight,
n. pondus, -eris, n., gravitas, momentum (lit.
and lig. ; e.g. terrae, armorum) ; sec Im-
portance, Pressure, weighty, adj. gran's
(lit. and lig.). Adv. gravitcr (lit. and tig.).
weir, n. moles, -is, f., agger, -eris, in. (= dam),
cateracta (KarappanTtis = sluice lock, Plin. Min.).
welcome, I. adj. aceepius, gratus, ex(s)pcc-
talus, exoptatus; to bid — , alqm salvere jubco,
benigne tdqmexvipcrc ; you will be — to all, cants
omnibus cx(s)pectatusquc venies; be — , salve. II.
ii. salutatio. III. v.tr. salutare alqm, benigne
alqm acvipere. IV. interj. salve (pi. salretc).
welfare, n. salus, -iitis, f., ineolumilas (=
safetv), bonum (= anyone's interests, or of a
thing), felieitas (= happiness) ; to try to pro-
mote anyone's — , alcjs commodis or ulilitatibus
' servire, alcjs mluti prospkerc, consulere, scrvire.
well, I. sdv. bene, recte ; very — , optime,
' pnteclare ; as exclamation, esto ! (expressing
consent), bene! recte! pulc(h)re! (acclamation);
very — ! 511am maxime I (general exclama-
tion), ita est! (in reply); — then! age ! recte
vero! to take a thing — , alqd in bonam par-
tem nccipere ; to do — , bene or recte Jacirt of
agere or gerere rem. II. adj. salvus, tonus, in-
• . p 1 " be — , (bene, commode, or recte)
valerc, belli ilc(h)rc, bene (»<) h
t<> gi I — , co nved escire ; not to bo — , male u
wcllarTocted, adj. bcntculut erga
alqm. well-being, n. talus, -Mis, f., bona
valetiido. well-born, adj. nobtilt;
well-bred, adj. urbanus; see Poutk. well-
built, adj. bene ardijicatui (of struct 1
us (of persons), well-disposed,
sie Well-affected, well educated, well-
informed, adj. doctus, eruditus ; see LKAMfCD.
well-fed, adj. corpore amplo, pinguis ("pp.
macer), Opintus(ovp. gracilis), obe*US(ppp. gracilis,
slrigosus). well-known, adj. omnibus notus.
well-meaning, adj. bentvohu, amicus (bi.tli
of persons), fitklis (e.g. friend ; consilium, ad-
vice), well-meant, adj. e.g. advice, consilium
benevole dictum, well-spent, adj. e.g. life, vita
bene acta, well-wisher, a. ttudi
weld, v.tr. {eijn\ferruminare (Plin.).
well, I. n. puteus. II. v.intr. — up, scutiri;
see Spring, v.intr.
> welter, v.intr. se volutare, voluiarL
west, I. n. regie ad occidentem vergens, Occi-
dent (= the setting sun), Occident, occusus, -us
(soiis). II. adj. occidentalis (Plin.), + occiduus;
— wind, Zephijrus, Favonius; North — wind,
Caurus (Cor.) ; South — wind, Africus. west-
ward, adj. ad occasum, ad occidentem vergens,
in occidentem spectans. western, adj. occi-
dentalis (Plin.). westerly, adj. (wind) ab otci-
dente, in occidente.
wot, I. adj. humidus, madens (\noat\y poet, and
post Aug.), madidus, *t udu-~, uvidus (mostly
poet, and post Aug.) ; see Moist. II. n. cat'.i
status, -»s, humidus or uvidus or pluvtut; hee
Rain. III. v.tr. madejacire, madidum rtddirt,
pcr/undcre ; to get— through, madefieri, madi-
dum reddi; — nurse, nutrir. wetness, u.
humor.
wether, n. vertex, -Ms, m.
whale, n. baUiena, cetus (in pi. cete) (=.
sea-monster in gen.; Plin.); —bone, balaciuie
mat ilia.
Wharf, n. navale, crepido.
what, pron. intcrrog. quid ? — do you want?
quid vis? — docs that mean? quid hoc sihi i-ult .'
As a conjunctive or adj. pronoun, qualis, qui :
he wrote to me — books he had read, tentmit
mihi quos libros legerit ; in reference to an ante-
cedent by out; — you told me, id gucxi or 01
quae mihi dixisti. whatever, prat), quicunque
(quicum), quisquis.
wheal, u. vibes (ante aud port cl I
Wheat, n. triticum, siligo (= very line white
— , ante and post class) ; of—, wheaten, trUiceus ;
a — held, ager tritico consitus ; — meal, faruui
tritieea.
wheedle, v.tr. and intr. illicire.
Wheel, I. n. rota, tympanum (rv^irayov, of
water-mills, etc.), radii (= spokes of — ); as
instrument of torture, equukus ; see Hack.
II. v.tr. 1, -- push forwai-d, propellers ; Z, =
turn round, convertire, circumagere ; — push,
propulsare ; —barrow, vthiculum (=cart) or
cordis (= basket). III. v.intr. signa conterUrc
(of soldiei-s) ; right, left — , in hastam, m scutum.
wheelwright, n. qui rotas facit.
wheeze, v.intr. anhelare ; see Pant.
wheezy, adj. ♦ anhelus.
whelm, v.tr. see Overwhelm.
whelp, n. catulus.
whe
916
whi
" when, adv. and conj. = at the time that,
cum (quom) (in this sense with the indie. ; the
subj. is used only when we Speak hypotheti-
cal I y or state the opinion of another), quo tern-
jwre, vbi (= then — , etc., generally with indie;
with the subj. only when we represent anything
as uncertain, casual, etc.), quando(= — once, in-
terrog. and indefinitely as well as in a relative
sense ; with subj. only in indirect questions when
we represent circumstances as repeatedly oc-
curring ; otherwise always with indie), ut {— as
soon as, of any result, after which another
result immediately takes place, always with
indie.) ; often by the particip. of the verb ; = at
what time, interrogatively, quando? quo tem-
pore? = at which time; see Who, Which ; = after
Che time that, cum, ut, ubi (the last two always
with indie, cum also with present and perfect in-
die, and when the action is represented as occur-
ring repeatedly (as often as], with the imperf.
indie ; however in the narrative style in past
tenses always with imperf. ami pluperf. subj.;
often "when" in this sense is rendered by a
partic. in the same case as the noun to which it
refers, if the subject is the same both in the main
and in the dependent clause ; but if the latter
has a different subject from that in the main
clause, then by tho ablat. abs.). whence, adv.
as interrog., nude? ex quo loco ? = from whom ?
whereby? wide ? a, ex quo homine? ex quo, re?
— have you got that? a quo hoc accepisti ? (in
gen.) ; wide id scis ? (— — do you know that ?) ;
— dots it come that, etc., wide fit ut, etc.
whenever, whensoever, conj. quamlocun-
que (cumq.), quotie(n)scunqun (cvmq.), or simply
utcunquc, q,totie(n)s.
where, adv. and conj. as interrogative, ubi ?
vbinam ? quo loco? quo loc< ? — ever?' ubi gen-
tium? ubi terrarumf as relative particle, ubi,
qud. whereas, adv. qtumiam, quod, cum, quippe
qui (quae, quod); see Because, Since, where
t>y, adv. ex quo (qua, etc.) fit ; as interrog.
qua rutione ? qua re ? wherefore, adv. 1, in-
terrog. cur? see Why; 2, quamobrem; see
Therefore, wherein, adv. in quo, in qua re, in
quibus, ubi. wherever, adv. ubivis(= at any
place, whichever it may be), ubkunque (cumq.),
quacumque (=■ at any place). 'Whereof, adv.
cujus quorum (quarum, etc.) or e quo {qua, etc.)
Whereon, adv. quo facto, cum quibua verbis.
whereto, adv. quo(rswii), quem odfinem.
wherry, n. see Boat.
whet, v.tr. (cxyicufae (lit. and fig.), whet-
stone, 11. cos.
whether, I. pron. nter. II. conj. ne (ap-
pended to that word in the interrog. sentence
upon which the stress lies), wtim (--- — perhaps),
vtrum (seldom in simple questions), an (only
after nescire and similar verbs of doubting),
in double questions, — . . . or ("or — ")
iit rum . . . an (or anne or tie), imhk . . . oil,
lie (as an enclitic) ; sometimes ne is ap-
pended to utrum, sometimes also ne. is put, a
few words intervening, after utrum, esp. when
in the two clauses there occur two words
opposed to each other, e.g. utrum. taceamne,
an proedicem ? sometimes " — " in the first
question is not at all expressed in Latin, e.g.
interrogatur, pauca sint, anne mulla ; sometimes,
in two interrog. clauses where two words are
directly opposed to each other, the interrog.
particles may be left out altogether, e.g. velit,
nollt, scire difficile est; if "or" in the second
■question appears as more a copulative than an
interrog. particle, it is simply rendered by
aut, e.g. quaesierunt nccne ille aut ille. defensurus
esset ; — ... or not, utrum ( nnm or ne) . . .
nccne or annon (nccne generally in indirect
questions and without any verb at all, whilst
annon is chiefly used in direct and but seldom
in indirect questions, both with and without a
verb), e.g. quacritur sintne dii, necne sint; or
dii utrum' sint, necne, quaeritur ; or even dii
nccne sint quacritur (sometimes for annon, anne
is found, e.g. CUVI interroijetur tria pauca sint
anne multa., Cic.) ; where the alternatives are
presented as on an equality, either of which
may be true, sive—sivc (sen — sett) (e.g. rive earn
cr pallidums elicere, sive obsidione premere posset.
Caes).
whey, n. serum.
which, pron. see Who.
whiff, n.halitvs, -us (— breath).
While, I, n. tempns, -oris, n., spalium, mora
(= delay), otinm (= leisure); a little, short
— , breve spalium, puu(l)lulnm (temporis) ; for
a short — , parumper, pau(l)lisper ; a little —
after, }xtul(l)o )>ost, noil ita multo post, }<(n<(l)lo
]iost ; a long — after, jxitt longum feminist. II.
(whilst) conj. dum (nearly always with pre-
sent indie even when the verb in the main
clause is in the past tense), donee (with indie
or subj. according to the regular rules of mood),
cum (quom, with pres. and perf. indie, and
imperf. and pluperf. subj.), or by part. (e.g.
hciec lacrimans dixit, she said — weeping), or
by inter with gerund in plnases (inter biben-
dum, = — drinking; inter cenandum, = —
dining). III. v.tr. to — away the time, tempns
jallere alqd re.
whim, n. libido, whimsical, adj. diffi-
cilis, nature'/ difficilis, morosus (= ill-tempered),
inconstans, levis (= fickle) ; see. Pickle.
whimper, v.tr., whine, v.intr. vagire (of
a child or animal), whimpering, n. whin-
ing, n. vagitus, -us.
whinny, v.intr. hinnire.
whip, I. n. scutica,-(te, t, or lora, -orum, n.
(made of cords tied together), fuigrum,flagellum.
II. v.tr. vcrberare.
whirl, I. v.tr. (con)torqnere, quassare, qualere
(= to shake). II. v.intr. as in dancing, in
gyrum agi. III. n. vertigo (mostly post Aug.),
or by verb, whirlpool, n. turbo, voter, vorago,
gurges, -itis, in. whirlwind, n. turbo, verier.
whirr, I. v.tr. stridere (stridere). II. n.
stridor.
whisk, v.tr. see Snatch.
whiskers, n. by genae pilosae or fhirsutae.
whisper, I. v.intr. susurrare, to anyone,
cum t alqo. II. v.tr. anything into anyone's
ear, insnsurrare alci alqd nd aurcm or in aures.
III. n. snsurrus. whisperer, n. susurralor
(very rare).
Whist, I. n. hy ehurtai ii in Indus, but where
possible translate by idea (—dice). II. interj.
st ! tare, tacete.
whistle, I. v.intr. and tr. sibilare; to —
anyone, cdqm sibilo advocare. II. n. sibilus;
pi. also sibila, -orum. whistler, n. qui si-
bilat (with the mouth), tibicen (on the pipe).
whit, n., not a — , ne minimum quidem,
minime.
white, I. adj. albus (opp. ater), candidus
(— lair, opp. nigcr), caiiMs(=lioai , y),jwtr«s(=not
dirty, not stained), niveus (= white as snow),
lar.teus (= white as milk). II. II. album, candor ;
of an egg, of the eye, album cvi, oculorum
(Cels.). white-haired adj. albis capitlis, canis
capillis. white-lead, a. cerussa. whiten, I.
v.tr. dial bare, caudefaccre (ante and post class.).
II. v.intr. albesccre, canescere (=grow hoary).
whiteness, n. ulbitvdo (Plaut.), condor.
whi
917
win
whitewash, I. n. albarium (opus). II. v.tr.
dealbare.
whither, I. adv., as interrog., quo? qnem in
locum? quorsum (fium'sus) f in qwum partem? ■ —
then? quonaw.? II. conj. witli reference to the
antecedent, quo; — ever, quoquo, quocunque
(■cumqne), quacunque, quovis, iquolibct.
whitlow, ii. paronychium, paronychia
(Pliu.).
Whitsuntide, n. * Pentecostc (Eccl.).
whiz, I. v.intr. stridere(stridere) (of serpents).
II. n. stridor, whizzing, I. adj. stridens.
II. n. stridor.
who, I. rel. pron. qui, quae, quad. II. in-
terrog. pron. quis, quis, quid ? Wliicli of two?
titer, utra, utrum ? whoever, n. quicunque
(quicum.), quisqnis.
whole, I. adj. integer (= uninjured), tutus (in
opp. to part.), solidus (esp. ill enumeration, e.g.
usiird, nee ed solidd, content as end), mucins (e.g.
Gallia, civitas), omuis (e.g. omne caelum), tun-
'»ersus, plenus (e.g. annus plenus atque integer); =
healthy, sanus. II. n. the — , tottun, tola res
(opp. partes), unum (in so far as anything is a
— ), omnia, -ium, universiim, univeraa res, uni-
versitas (— all together), summa( — tiie sum, e.g.
summa exercitus, — the sum total of the. army),
solidurn (=the capital); the — of may also be
expressed by adj. (e.g. tota Gallia, — the — of
Gaul), on the — , by paene, fere, ferme { —
mostly, almost), wholiy, adv. plane, omnino,
prorsus, jienitus (= thoroughly), Junditus (=to
the foundation), radicitus (— root and branch) ;
see Altooether. wholesale, n. inereatura
magna, wholesome, adj. somber, mlttluris
(lit. and lig.), utilis ; to be — for, alci salutarcm
ease, aid prodesse. wholesomeness, n. salu-
britas, utilitas (lit. and lig.).
whoop, n. clamor ; see Shout, n.
whore, n. scortum, meretrix.
Whose, adj., rel. and interrog. pion. cujus.
why, I. adv. as interrog. cur ? quamobrem
(quam ob rem)? quart? quuproptcr ? qud de
caus(s)\ ? quid est cur, etc. ? quid est quoa, etc. ?
quid? — not? cur non (with indie), miulni
(with subj. implying surprise)? (fuin (with in-
die, request to do a thing). II. eoiij. ear,
quamobrem, quapropter, propter quod. III. inter j.
(at answering an objection expressed or implied),
immo, enimvero.
wick, n. ellychnittm.
wicked, adj. impius (erga Deum, palriam,
etc.), nej'arius, sceleslus, sceleralus, jlagitiosus, dis-
so'utus, perditus(= abandoned), pravus(= irregu-
lar), muZus, molitiosus (= bod), corruptits (= cor-
rupted ),.Mt!iYiMifts(= very bad), nequam( = worth-
less), turpis, foedus (= shameful). Adv. impie,
iiefarie, sceleste, scelerale. flagitiose, dissolute, per-
dite, prove, male, 'malitiosc, nequiter, turpiter,
foede. wickedness, n. impietas (erga algm),
scelus, -eris, n., /acinus, -oris, 11., flugitinm (=■ a.
— deed, then — ), pmoitas, laquitia, turpitudo,
fixditas, ritium, -malitia, vitiusitas.
wicker, adj. vimimns, cruticius ; — work,
crates, -is, f. usu. in pi.).
wide, adj. lulus (e.g. planiiies). laxus (of dress,
shoes, house), capax (= containing much), '<m-
■jrtus (=oT large size), patens {— — stretching).
Adv. late, laxe. widen, I. v.tr. amplifirarc (ur-
ban, rempublicam, lig. auctoritatem), dilatare(e.R.
castra, aciem; power of a state, imperium),
laxare (a garment, lines of troops). II. V.intr. se
d'latare (the sea), pateseirt (a plain), width,
ii. 1, lit. umplUmlo, latitudo, laxitas; 2, fig. per-
haps in omnes opiniones indulgens.
widow, u. vidua, widowed, adj. riduvi.
widower, n. pfduus. widowhood, n.
riduitas.
wield, v.tr. tractart (p.g.femm, onu, ttlu).
wife, ii. co)ij)((»)i, uxor, uuirtta; to take a
— , nxorem ducere.
wig, n caplllavuntHm(8ntt.),crliu»ie»tpti,
galerum (gulerus, Juv.).
Wight, li. see Man.
wild, adj. /ems (of living and Inanimate
beings), agrestis (— growing — in the Held, ..f
plants ; hence also rude in manners), s
(= growing, living — in the woods, of plants,
animals, men), <>i<ioini(us(=untam< d.ol animal?,
opp. vtonsuetus), rudis (= still unprepared, nf
things, e.g. of the soil, etc. ; hence = still un-
civilized, of men), incultus (— uu tilled, of tin- soil,
hence uncivilized, of men), vastus (= isolated,
barren, ofacountry, opp. celebcr),ferux(=m:Uux
like a savage), immauis (= cruel, of character),
saems (= ferocious, all four of men), buanut,
amens (= mad), lascivus (= plajful) ; r — I
/era. Adv. ferociter, immanlUr, saeve (= Dei
insane (—madly), wilderness, n. locus de-
sertus, lira desrrta, -orum, solituoo, VOStttai.
wildness, n. Jeritas, /erocia, Ingenium few,
animus Jerox (— lieriness), immanitas(= CI uelty),
lascivia (= playfulness).
wile, n. art, dolus: see Thick, wily, adj.
astuttu, nrsutus ; see Cunni.no, adj.
wilful, adj. contuinax, pertiHOx, ptrvtoax, ob-
sliiiatus ; a — act, iptod consulto or cogitatum fit,
comb, qiml consulto el cogitatum fit. Adv.
tnmuciter, pertinaciter, pervlcaciter, consulto,
silio, de. or ex induttrid, datd or deditd opera,
voluntate ct jvdiclo, or also by tctau or prudent
el sciens. Wilfulness, n. contumucia, pcrtin-
acia, peruicacia, obstinatio (= Inflexibility).
will, I. n. 1, voluntas (= volition in Ren.,
and also exercise of — ), animus (= disposition '<(
mind), consilium, propotitim (= purpose), nroi-
trtum (— decision), auctoritat (= coninuau, esp.
— of the senate as expressed in a decree), or by
auctor (e.g. he did il at the — of Caesar, fcoe
Caesare nuctore fecit), uutus, -us (lit. = nod. ti^;.
= command), COUlb. urbitriumet nutus,auctoritas
nutusttUf, libido (— fancy, caprice, in good or
bad sense), 5(«</iii»i (= goixl — ) ; lie has a — t",
est aid in auimn alqd Jncere ; 2, — testament,
tcstanuntum, tabulae (testamenli); to make a — ,
testamentum /acire, in favour of any one, algm
heredem suum/aiire. II. v.tr. velle, cupirt, with
infin. or subj., with or without at; fl/v<l or
with accus. ami Infin. or n( ; avire attjd or
with infin. Willing, adj. UUns, volens, pir-
atus, promvlus (the last two ad ulqd). Ad\.
libenter, anituo li>><nti, animo libentl pr oluoq ne,
anhno prompto jmratoque. willingness, U.
animus libeus or yromptus, voluntas.
Wily, adj. see Wll.K.
WillOW, 11. salix.
Win, I. v.tr. see Get, Gain. II. v.intr.
vincere. winner, n. victor.
winning, adj. pnldkar, venustus(= beautiful),
suavis (= sweet), blaudus (= persuusivc), BOmU
(= courteous).
Wind, I. n. 1, ventat, aura (Im.Hi or gentle
and violent blasts), flatus, •«« (mostly i«-'et.. all
three lit. and lig.); favoumble, unfuvounible — ,
ventus secundus, adversus ; the — rises, ventiis
increbrescit or coorilur; — sinks, ctssal, <--add^
to speak to the — , dare t verbain ventos ; 2, -
flatulency, ventus, infiutio. II. v.tr. (e.g. a
horn, coiuu), infiare; see Blow, Play, y.tr.
windfall, n. alqd alci /orte olAutum (e.g.
the money was a great — to me, pecuiUa oa*a
win
913
wit
dblata multnm mihi proderat.). wind-mill,
n. mola venii (Jet). Wind-pipe, n. aspera
arteria. wind-ward, adj. ad ventum conversus.
windy, ad j. ventosus;f\g. whims, ventosus, inanis.
wind, I. v.tr. torquere (e.g. funem), glomer-
are (into a ball) ; — up, trochlcd toilers (lit. i.e.
with a pulley), ad finem, yerdv.ci.re, (fig.) ; see
End. it, v.\n\r. se simtare,sim((iri. winding,
I. adj. ftexuosus, tortuosus. II. n. jlexus, -lis.
windlass, n. ergata, m.
Window, n. fenestra (with shutters, curtains,
or bars ; only under the emperors made of the
transparent lapis phengites or specularis).
wine, n. vinum; sour — , vappa; — not
diluted with water, merum; the — god Bacchus
(poet. = wine), wine-bibber, n. homo vinu-
lentus. wine-cellar, n. apotheca. wine-
merchant, n. vinarius.
wing, I. n. cda, pennae ; — of an army, cornu,
ala ; the soldiers who form the — s, alarii;
to be posted in the right — , dextrum tenere ;
the — of a house, ala; — of a door, foris ;
door with — s, folding-doors, fores, -ium, vulvae.
II. v.tr. volare; see Fly. winged, adj. pen-
niger, ] pennatvs, f alatus, f aliger.
wink, I. n. nictus, -its. II. v.intr. nicture,
at any one, alci ; to — at, indulgere alci, con-
(n)ivere in alqd re.
winnow, v.tr. corn, frumenlum vcntilare or
evannere. winnowing-fan, n. ventilabrwm,
vannus, f.
winter, I. n. hicm(]i)s, lempvs (rami) hiber-
num, tempora hiberna, -orum, tempiis hiemale,
bruma, tempus brumale (= time of the shortest
days), a hard — , hiems gravis or acris; a mild
— , hiems t mollis, mitis, tepida (Hor.). II. adj.
hiemalis, hibernus, brimalis, or by genit. of
hiem(p)s ; — quarters, hiberna, -onan. III.
v.intr. hiemare, hibernare, Itiberna agere (of
troops) ; for. — in gen. hiemem. agere. winterly,
adj. hiemalis.
Wipe, v.tr. (abs)tergere, detcrgere, extergere;
— out (fig.), abolcre; see Abolish.
wire, n.filum or filum ferreum.
wise ; I, adj. sapiens, sapient id praeditvs,
prudens' ( = with practical insight); to be.—,
sapere, sapientem esse. II. n. ratio, mini us, via;
in no — ,nullomodo; see Manner, Way. Adv.
sapienter. wisdom, n. sapientia, prudentia;
with — , sapienter, ratione ac conmlio. wise-
acre, n. qui se sapientem esse jaclat.
wish. I. v.tr. and intr. velle, cuperc; if you
— it, si vis, si tibi placet; 1 don't — it, by
nolo; I — rather, by malo ; I could — , velim
(with pres. subj. if we speak as though the —
were likely to bo fulfilled), vcllcm (with imperf.
subj. if there are difficulties, so that the speaker
doubts the fulfilment) ; to — for anything, alqd
enpere, desiderare, (ex)optare, sitire (— thirst for).
II. n. optatio(= the act), optatum(=- the thing we
— for), desiderium(= the desire), vohintiis(z= will,
demand), votum(\\\ consequence of avow taken ;
then = — ; prayer to the gods that a certain —
may be fulfilled); according to my — , ex sen-
lentid; according to anyone's — , ad alejs volun-
tatem..
wistful, wistfully, wistfulness, adj.
use circumloc. (e.g. his face bore a — expres-
sion, ille desiderium vultu erpressit ; he appeared
to be a prey to — , desiderio moveri visus est).
Wit, n. (ingenii) acumen, dicacitas (= quick,
ingenious answer), lepos (= tasteful, elegant), fa-
cetiae (= witticisms), comb, lepnsfacetiaeque, sal,
-is, m. ; also in the pi. sales, comb, sal et facetiae,
facele dictum; to — , nempe, nimirum, scilicet.
Witless, adj. seo Fooi.isn. witticism, n.
quod facele dictum est ; see Wit. witty, adj.
dicax, facetus, -non infacelus, Icoidus, salmis.
Adv. facete, salse, lepide.
witch, n. venefica, maga, saga, witch-
craft, n. veneficium, ars \ magica, magice
(Plin.); see Magic.
with, prep. (A) = in union, 1, cum, una cum ;
often simply rendered by the ablat. with an
adj. (e.g. omnibus copiis egredi) ; 2, in friendly
intercourse, cum ; after verbs compounded with
cum, either cum with ablat. or simply the
dat. (e.g. what have I to do — you? quid tibi
mecum est rei?), after words expressing simi-
larity or equality, the simple dat. (but after
similis and its compounds, also the genit.) ;
when two things are represented as being
equal to one another, by idem (— the same, etc.),
the prep. " — " is rendered by qui or a copu-
lative conj., seldom by cum with ablat. (only in
poets simply by the dat. ; a Graecism); 3, = iiv
participation, in confederacy with, cum (e.g.
cum alqo bellum gercre adversus alqm) ; = by
means of, per with accus. alcjs operd, alcjs ope,
avxilio, alqo auctore; also sometimes by the
simple ablat. (e.g. Caesar ed, legione, qnam secvm
habebat, murum perduxit in altitudinem, etc.);
4, in a hostile sense, cum, contra, adversus with
accus. (the two latter used when cum might be
misunderstood, as it might also mean "in union
— ," etc.), e.g. helium gercre cum alqo or contra
(adversus) alqm ; (B) = in company and accom-
panied by, 1, of persons, cum (— along — ) ; but if
only expressing that one particular action refers
to more than one person, it is generally ren-
dered in Latin simply by a copulative conjunc-
tion (et, ac, atque), (e.g. the women — their
children were killed, mulieres atque infantes
occisi sunt) ; J, of things, cum; it is often ren-
dered in this sense (armed, furnished — , etc.)
more clearly by participles or adjs. or by a
relative clause (e.g. armed — a dagger, cum sicA,
or sicd instruclus) ; at the same time as some
phenomenon that takes place in the course of
time, cum, or (but less expressive) by the simple
ablat. (e.g. — daybreak, (cum) prima luce),
hence also of effects and consequences that are
simultaneous and immediate or direct ; = not
without, cum, non sine (e.g. to hear, etc. —
pleasure, cum voluptate; — the help of the
gods, (cum) dis adjuvantibw) ; in many in-
stances by particular expressions (e.g. — care,
diligenter), or by construction with a partic.
(e.g. — quickness, adhibitd celerilate ; — that,
inde, deinde, ad hcec ; — all your diligence, pro
or ex tud diligentid ; — all men truth is to be
held in honour, opud omnes Veritas colenda est.).
withal, adv. simul.
withdraw, I. v.tr. alqd ab alqo or ab olqii
re avertere, avocare, revocare, removere, alqd ev
or de alqd re detrahere (also from a place, e.g.
inimicum ex Gallia), retrahere, abstrdMre, alqd.
alci tollere, auferre ; of troops, dedurere, revocare,
subducere ; of money, deducere (de svmmd, etc.) ;
see Take away. II. v.intr. (re)cedere, dis-
cedere, ab, etc., se recipcre ab, etc., se removere
ab, etc., se retrahere a5 alqd re ; from a person,
se removere ab alqo or ab alcjs amicitid, alqm
or alcjs aditum sermonemque defugere ; to — from
duty, allegiance, etc., ab officio recedere ; to —
from office, magislratu abdicare, se magistratum
ejurare.
wither, I. v.tr. 1, lit. (arVyurere, lorrere ; 2,
flg. perdcre (= destroy). II. v.intr. (ex)arescerc,
inarcescere (Plin.). withered, adj. marcidus.
Withhold, v.tr. detincre, retinere, supq)ri-
mere, comprimere; I cannot — my praise of him-
facere non possum quin eum lavdem.
wit
919
wor
within, X. prep, intra, inter (both of s^pace
and time), in with nbl. = in the course of (in eo
anno natus est =' sometime in that year), often
by the abl. only (e.g. «tym. finibus suis recipere),
or with verbs expressing motion by in with
accus. (e.g. in fines suos recipere), he did it —
the year, hoc abhinc nondum vno anno exacto
fecit; if the time be future, ante annum exactum.
II. adv. intus (in gen.), domi (= at home).
without, I. prep, extra (with accus. of
place'/, sine (with abl.), sine alcjs opera ; not — ,
non sine, cum; by nullus in the abl. with the
noun (e.g. — danger, nulla periculo); by adjs.,
such as expers alcjs rei, carens alqd re, mains
alqd re, inops ab, etc. ; by adjs. expressing a
deficiency, etc., chiefly compounded with in,
e.g. — trouble, facilis ; — clothes, nudus; —
injury, integer; — a will, intestatus ; — caution,
incautus ; — my, etc., knowledge, by inscius,
insciens, alqo insciente, alqo inscio ; — an invita-
tion, invocatus; by the negative with participles,
mostly by the ablat. abs. (e.g. — many
words, missis ambagibus, Hor.) ; — anybody or
anything, = if somebody has not been there, or
if such or such a thing had not happened, but
for, nisi or nifuisset (only Com. say here ai^ue
alqo esset) ; by wee (nequc) (e.g. many praise V.'e
orators and poets — understanding them, mullx
oratores et po'etas probant neque inlellcgunt) ; some-
times by ut non or (but only when the preced-
ing clause contains already a negation) quin (e.g.
Augustus numquam filios suos populo commenda-
vit, ut non adjiceret [= — adding] si mercbun-
tar); nunquam accedo, quin abs te doctior abeam,
= I never came ■ — going away better ; by
praeler (e.g. praeter consulem amicumhabeo nul-
lum, = — counting the consul I have no friend).
II. adv. extra, extrinsecus, ex or ab extcriore
parte, ab exterioribus partibus (= from — , also
= from abroad) ; foris (= out of doors).
withstand, v.tr. resistcre ; see Resist.
withy, n. vimen.
witness, I. n. 1, testis, to call as a — , alqm
testari or contestari, alqm antestari ; to appeal to
anyone as — , testifieari alqm; to be a — , testem
esse, testari; to appear as a — , testem ex(s)istcre ;
arbiter (= one who has heard anything), auctor
(= — ing an act, e.g. at a marriage); without
— , in private, sine arbitris, arbitris remotis, sine
anctoribus ; in the presence of (before) many — es,
multis audientibus, coram multis ; spectator ( =
onlooker); 2, = testimony, testimonium. II.
v.tr. and inter. 1, testari, uttcstari, testifieari, tes-
timonio confirmare, testimonio esse, testem esse
(the former of the two of a thing, the latter of a
person); 2, = behold, videre, spectare ; see See.
wizard, n. magus, veneficus.
Wizened, adj. retorridus (mostly post Aug.).
woad, n. isatis, vitrum.
wobble, v.iutr. see Wabble.
woe, WO, I. n. dolor, mala, -orum, res ad-
versae, Indus, -us, maeror ; see Sorrow. II.
inter;), vae! — to me I me mild! roe mihi
miscrn ! pro dolor! peril! woeful, adj. Bee
Sad, Unhappy, Sorrowful.
WOlf, n. lupus, fem. lupa; of the — ,lupinus.
wolfish, adj. saerus.
woman, n.fanina (opp. vir), mulier(= grown
up — ), a young — , puclla, virgo, adulescens (e.g.
Mia adulescens), juven is ; an old — , anus, -iis, f.
vetula ; a little — (as endearing term), muliercula,
udulcscentiii ; = the sex, — kind, se.r«s (-us)
muliebris, mulieres, -um. womanish, adj.
muliebris, mollis, effeminatus; see Effeminate.
Womanly, adj. muliebris.
womb, n. alvus, uterus.
wonder, I. n. 1, = the feeling, (ad)miratio ;
to see anything with — , alqd stujiefactxis or
athmitus vklere; see Astonishment ; 2, = a
wonderful thing, casus, -us, mirificus, res nfnf
or inusitata, monstrum, portentum, mitxiculum.
II. v.iutr. (ad)mirari, udmiratione stupere, at
anything, alqd, alqd mihi mirum est or videtur ;
I — that, etc. miror with accus. and infin. ; I
— whether, etc. miror si, etc. ; I — what may
have been the cause, miror quid causae fuerit ;
for our colloquial, I — , demiror is used (e.g. I —
what it is, demiror quid sit), wonderful,
adj. minis, mirificus, (ad)mirabilis, (adpnirandus,
novus, inusitatus, pnrtentosus, monstr(u)osu3.
Adv. mire, mirificc, {ad)mirabiliter, nove, inusi-
tate, monstr(u)ose ; see Admire.
wont, I. n. usus, -iis, mos, consueludo ; see
Custom. II, adj. (as)suelus; to b« — , wlere.
woo, v.tr. amare (= to love), in mntrimonium,
petere (Suet.) ; ilg. = seek, petire. wooer, n.
amator, procus.
wood, n. lignum, or pi. ligna (for "burning),
materia (materies, = — fit for use, in opp. to liber,
= bark, and when cut up,in opp. to lignum, = —
for fuel), silva (= forest), nemus, -Oris, n., lucus
(= grove), saltus, -its (= glade, defile), sUveetris
locus (= plantation with — , shrubs) ; of — , \ig-
ncus. wooden, adj. ligneus. wood cutter,
n. qui ligna caedit. wood-engraving, n.
tabula in lignum incisa et in chartam impressa.
woodland, n. sileac, nemord, -um, saltus,
■iis. wood-louse, n. oniseus, multipeda (Plin. ).
woodman, n. see Wood-cutter, wood-
nymph, n. (HavuCylryas. wood pecker, n.
picus. wood-pigeon, n. palumbes, -is, m. and f.
wooded, woody, adj. silvestris, silvosus (e.g.
saltus), silvis vestitus (e.g. mons), t nemorosus,
saltuosus (e.g regio, low).
woof, n. subtemen, trama.
wool, n. luna. woollen, woolly, adj.
laneus.
word, I. n. 1, = part of speech and (particu-
larly the pi. " words ") speech in gen., vocabn-
lum, as a name for one particular object (e.g.
conscrvatoris sibi nomen, Uraeco ejus rei vocabido
assumpsit); in the pi. vocabula = "words, voca-
bulary," unconnected, women (= name), verbum
(= something spoken, a — ; hence a short sen-
tence, saying) ; — for — , rertuon pro verbo, ad
verbum ; vox (inasmuch as it is spoken or heard,
whether by itself or in the context), sermo, oratio
(= speech); dictum — saying (e.g. dicto alcjs
obtemperare = to obey anyone's — ) ; in one —(in
enumerating), uno verbo, ut paucis dicam, qnul
multa? quid opus est verbis? ne multa! nephmi;
the — of God (i.e. the Holy Scriptures), librl
divini, lil(t)erae divinae or sanctae (Eccl.) ; 2,
= promise, fides; upon my — , 7/ied fide. II.
v.tr. see Express, wordy, adj. vtrbosus.
work, I. n. = anything completed, opus,
-en's, n., factum (= deed), pensum (= task),
monumentum (= monument), munitio, mum-
meutum (= fortification); a little — , opuscu-
lum (also = — of art); oj>!is, liber, Melius (= a
literary — ); = toil, opera, labor (with an effort),
occupa'tio; of a scholar, stadia, -orum; by candle-
light, Uwubratio (esp. before daybreak); done
in leisure hours, ojierac subsieivat ; it is the —
of a good man to do this, boni (hominis) est hoc
fae'ere; the — s (in machinery, etc.), machina,
machinatio. II. v.intr. to - at, (e)taborare <n
alga re, operam dare alci rei, incumbere m Of ad
alqd : opusfacere, in opere esse, laborem subire or
obire : by candlelight, lucubrare ; to — all night,
cid laborem nullum partem noctis inttrmutire;
to — night and day, opus continuare diem et
■noctem ; to — for wages, operam suavi locare. III.
v.tr. facire, conficire, efficere, perficere, fingers
wor
920
wri
(= to fashion), fabricari; see Make, work-
basket, n. qriasillum (quasilhts). work-
iiouse, n. j^olchotrophium (Jet.), or by circuml.
(e.g. domus in qua indigentes publico sumptu (dun-
tur). working, I. adj. — days, dies ncgotiosus
(Tac), dies profestus. II. n. tractatio (in gen.) ;
— of the ground, cultio or mltus (-iis) agrorum.
workman, n. agri cultor (in the field), ope-
rarius, in the pi. operae (if for wages, mercc-
■narius ; pi. operae conductae or mcrcenariae),
artifex (= artist), opifex ( = manual — ), faber ( =
— in wood, stone, etc.), viuitor (in a vineyard).
workmanship, n. ars. opus, -erfc, n. work-
shop, n. officina (the place), fabrica (of a faber,
i.e. one who works in hard material), artijicium
(of an arti/ex, = a studio).
world, n. mvndus ( = the universe, opus
unirersum, unii'ersitas rerum, rerum natura —
universe, only in the sing.) ; = the globe,
orbis (terraruru) (as known to the Romans),
terrae (= countries in gen.); rulers of the — ,
terrarum or omnium terrarum principes (of a
nation); to be brought into the — , nasci ; to
leave the — (i.e. die), ex vild discedere, c vita
excedere ; what in tiie — ? quid tandem? every-
thing in the — , quodvis, nihil non ; I am
the most miserable man in the. — , prorsus
nihil est quin. sim miserrimvs ; the next — ,
caelum (Heaven), vita caelatis or futura; —
mankind, homines or omnes ( = all men); the
present — , homines qui nunc sunt or vivunt,
horn ines hvjus axtatis ; the ancient — , antiqu itas,
aetas vetus, veteres, -um ; the learned — , docti
homines, worldly, adj. worldliness, n.
qui (ipiae) utilitatem suam (ncque veram laudem)
petit.
worm, n. reiMiis, ru. (in gen.), rermiculus
(= little — ), lumbricus (= earth — , the— in
the intestines), teredo (in wood, meat, clothes),
tinea (in wood and books), worm-eaten, adj.
cariosits (of wood) ; to be — , rermiculari (of
trees, Plin.).
worn, part, and adj. ; see Wear.
worry, v.tr. 1, (di)laniare (~ tear, of dogs,
etc.); 2, Hg. rex'tre, snUDiciture, cruciare. (the two
lasl metaph. fidei (etc.). zealous, adj. studiosus
(with genit.), acer (fiery-), ardens ( = burning
with zeal) ; a — patriot, civis acerrimus or
patriae avians; see Eager. Adv. studiose,
acriter, ardenter, enixe, intentc (=intently).
zenith, n. * zenith (t.t.) ; in the — , supra
verticem.
zephyr, n. Zephyrus, Favonius.
zero, n. by nihil; to be at— (fig.), nihil
vulere (= worth nothing) ; his spirits were at
— , animus suus fractus or demissus est.
zest, n. = relish, by sapor (e.g. sapor vinosus);
tig. studium.
zigzag, n. disenrsus torli vibratiquc (of light-
ning, Plin. Min. ; the term can be used in gen.).
zodiac, n. orbis or ciradns signifer ; .sign of
— , sidus, -his, n.
zone, n. 1, see Girdle; 2, in geog. \zona,
cingulus (terrestrial and celestial, caeli regio or
ora or plaga ; torrid — ,- zona torrida (Plin.) ;
frigid — , regio glacialis (Col.) ; temperate — ,
t'mpcratae caeli regiones.
zoology, n. ani/mantium descriptio. zoo-
logical, adj. by gen. animantium ■ — gardens,
ferarum sacpHvi,
023
GEOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY
OK TUB
ENGLISH NAMES OF IMPORTANT PLACES.
WITH CLASSICAL OR LATER LATIN EQUIVALENTS.
Aar, R., Arola, Arula, Abriuca.
Africa, Africa ; African, adj. Africanus ; subst.
Afer.
Aix, Aquae Sextiae.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Aquisgranum, Urbs Aquensis.
Aleppo, Aleppum.
Algiers, Algerium.
Alsace, Alsatia.
America, America ; American, adj. Ameri-
can us.
Amiens, Ambianum, Samarobriva.
Amsterdam, Amstelodamum.
Andalusia, Vandalitia.
Angers, Andegavum.
Angouleme, Engolisma.
Anlialt, Anhaltinuin.
Anjou. Andegavensis Ager.
Antwerp, Antwerpia.
Arras, Atrebatum.
Artois, Artesia.
Asia, Asia ; Asiatic, adj. Asiaticus, Asianus.
Atlantic Ocean, Oceanus Atlanticus.
Augsburg, Augusta Vindelicorum.
Austria, Austria.
Autuu, Augustodunum.
Auvergne, Arvernia.
Avignon, Aveuio.
Badajoz, Pax Augusta.
Baltic Sea, Mare Suebicum.
Bamberg, Bamberga, Papeberga.
Barcelona, Barciuo.
Basle, Basilea.
Bavaria, Bojaria, Bajoaria.
Bayonne, Lapurdum.
Beauvais, Bellovacum.
Berlin, Berolinum.
Berne, Berna, Arctopolisi.
Besanc,on, Vesontio.
Black Sea, Pontus Euxinus.
Blois, Blesae.
Bohemia, Boiuhaeinum.
Bologna, Bononia.
Bonn, Bonna.
Bordeaux, Burdigala.
Boulogne, Bolonia, Gesoriacutf).
Bourgcs, Avaricum.
Braganza, Bra^antja,
Breineu, Bcrma.
Brescia, Brixia.
Breslau, Vratislavia,
Bristol, V'enta Silunim.
Brunswick, Brunsviga.
Brussels, Bruxellae.
Bulgaria, Bulgaria.
Burgundy, Burgundia.
Cadiz, Gades.
Calais, Calctum.
Cambray, Cainaracum.
Cambridge, Cautabrigia.
Canterbury, Cantuaria, Durovernum.
Carintliia, Carinthia.
Carlisle, Carleoluui, Brovoniacum.
Carlsbad, Thermae Cnrolinae.
Carlsrulic, llesycliia Carolina.
Carpathian M., Carpatbus.
Carthagena, Carthago Nova.
Caspian Sea, Mare Caspium.
Cassel, Cassula, Casscllue.
Castile, Castiliu.
Cattegat, Sinus Codamis.
Champagne, Campania.
Chester, Cestria,
Clairvaux, Clarav'allis.
dausenburg, Claudiopolla
Cleves, Clivis.
Coblentz, Conlluentes.
Coburg, Coburgum.
Cologne, ColoinaAgrippina, Augusta Ubiorura.
Constance, Constant!*.
Constantinople, Byzantium, Constantinopolli
Copenhagen, Hafnia, Codaaia,
Cordova, Corduba.
Corfu, Con yi 1.
Cornwall, Coruubia.
Coventry, Convuutria,
Cracow, Cracovia.
Croatia, Croatia.
Cionstadt, Corona.
Cyprus, Cyprus.
Dalmatia, Dalmatia; adj. D.ilmalicus.
Damascus, Damascus ; adj. Damasccii'ifl,
Dantzig, Gedajiuui, Dantiscum.
924
Danube, R., Danubius.
Darmstadt, Dar m stadium.
Dauphine, Delphiuatus.
Dead Sea, Lacus Asphaltito.s.
Denmark, Dania.
Dessau, Dessavia.
Devonshire, Damnonia.
Dijon, Divia, Diviodunuin.
Dnieper, R., Borysthenes, Danapris.
Dniester, R., Danastris.
Don, R., Tanais.
Dorchester, Durnovaria, Durnium.
Dover, Dubrae, Portus Dubris.
Dresden, Dresda.
Dublin, Dublinum.
Diisseldorf, Dusseldorpium.
Ebro, R., Iberus.
Edinburgh, Edinum.
Eisenach, Isenacum.
Elba, Tlva, Aethalia.
Elbe, R., Albis.
England, Anglia ; English, adj. Anglus, An-
glicus.
Erfurt, Erfuidia, Erfurtum.
Esthonia, Estonia, Aestonia.
Exeter, Isca, Exonia.
Faenza, Faventia.
Ferrara, Ferrnria.
Fiesole, Faesulae.
Finland, Finnia, Fcnnonia, Venedia.
Flanders, Flandria.
Florence, Florentia.
France, Gallia.
F.anche Comte, Comitatus Burgundiae.
Vranconia, Franconia.
Frankfort -on -the -Main, Francofurhii.n_ ad
Moenum.
Frankfort -on -the -Oder, Francofurtum ad
Oderam.
Freiburg. Friburgum.
Frejus, Forum Julii.
Friesland, Frisia.
Garda, I.ago, Lacus Benacus.
■ Garonne, R., Garuinna.
Gaseony, Vasconia.
Geneva, Geneva.
Geneva, Lake of, Lacus Lemanus.
Germany, Germania.
GhentXGanda, Gandavum.
Girgentk, Agrigentum.
Glasgow, Glasgua.
Gloucester, Claudia Castra.
Goslar, Goslaria.
Gothenburg, Gothoburgurn.
Gottingen, Gottinga.
Greece, Graecia.
Grenoble, Gratianopolis.
Guadalquivir, Baeti3.
Guadiana, R., Anas.
Guienne, Aquitauja.
Haari.km, Harlemnm.
Hague, The, Haga Comitis.
Halle, Hala Saxonum.
Hamburg, Hamburgum.
Uauovcr, llanovcra.
Hans Mountains, Sylva Ttereynia
Havre tic Grace, Tortus Gr*.tiac
Heidelberg, Hcidelberga.
Holland, Hollaudia, Batavia.
Holstein, Holsatia.
Hungary, Hungaria.
India, India.
Ingolstadt, Ingolstadium.
Inn, R., Ocnua.
Inspruclc, Oenipontuin.
Ireland, Hibernia.
Istria, Histria.
Italy, Italia.
J A EN, Jaeimm.
Japan, Japouia.
Jena, Jena.
Jericho, Hiericho.
Jerusalem, Hierosolyma.
Juliers, Juliacum.
Jutland, Jutia, Jutlandia.
Kent, Cantium.
Kiel, Kilia, Kilonium.
Kbnigsberg, Regiomontanura.
Lancaster, Longovicum.
Landau, Landavium.
Langres, Lingones.
Languedoc, Langedocis.
Lapland, Lapponia.
Lausanne, Lausodunum.
Leghorn, Libunnis Portus.
Leicester, Ratae Coiitanorum.
Leipzig, Lipsia.
Lerida, Ilerda.
Leyden, Lugdunum Batavorum.
Liege, Leodium.
Limoges, Limoricum.
Lincoln, Lindum Colonia.
Linz, Lentia, Lintia.
Lisbon, Olisijio.
Lithuania, Lithuania.
Loire, R., Ligeris.
Lombardy, Longobardia.
London, Londinium, Londinum.
Loretto, Lauretiun.
Lorraine, Lotharingia.
Louvain, Lovanium.
Liibeck, Lubeea.
Lucca, Luca.
Lucerne, Luc.erna.
Lttneberg, 1 ameburgura.
Lvneville, Lunaris Villa.
Luxemburg, Liiciburgum.
Lyoi;s, Lngduuuin Segnsianonrm,
925
Maas, R., Mosa.
Madrid, Madritum, Mantua Carpetannrum.
• Maestricht, Trajeetnm ad Mosam.
Magdeburg. MagdeburgUlil, Parthenopolis.
Alain, R., Moeni.s.
Majorca, Insula Balearis Major.
Malaga, Malaca.
Malta, Malta MeliU
Man, Isle of, Mona.
Manchester, Mancunium.
Mannheim, Manhemiuni.
Marburg, Marburgum.
Marne, R., Matrona.
Marseilles, Massilia.
Mayence, Moguntia, Moguntiacum.
Mechlin, Mechlinia.
Mecklenburg, Megalopolis.
Mediterranean Sea, Mare Internum, Mare Me>
diterraneum, Mare Nostrum, Mare Magnum.
Melun, Melodunum.
Merida, Augusta Emerita.
Messina, Massana.
Metz, Divodurum.
Milan, Mediolanum.
Mincio, R., Mincius.
Modena, Mutina.
Montpellier, Mons Pessulus.
Moravia, Moravia.
Morea, Peloponnesus.
Moscow, Moscovia.
Moselle, R., Mosella.
Munich, Monacum.
Munster, Monasteriuin.
Namur, Nainurcum.
Nancy, Nancejum.
Nantes, Nannetes, Nantetum.
Naples, Neapolis, Parthenope.
NarboJine, Narbo Martins.
Nassau, Nausavia.
Navarre, Navarra Alta.
Neckar, R., Nicer, Nicrus.
Netherlands, Belgica.
Nevers, Nivernum, Novidunum Aeduorum.
Newcastle, Novum Castrum.
Nismes, Nemausus.
Normandy, Normannia, Neustria.
North Sea, Oceanus Septentrionalis.
^Northumberland, Northumbria.
Norway, Norvegia.
Norwich, Norvicum.
Nuremberg, Norimberga.
Oder, R., Odera, Viadrus.
Orange, Arausio.
Orkney Islands, Orcades.
Orleans, Aurelianum.
Orvieto, Urbs Vetus.
Osnabriick, Osuabruga.
Ostend, Ostenda.
Otranto, Hydruntum.
Oviedo, Ovetum.
Oxford, Oxonia.
Padi;a, Pataviunl.
Palatinate, l'alatinatils.
Palermo, Panorama.
Pamplona, Pompeiopolis.
Paris, Lutetla, Lrti'tia ParisiorUiiv.
Parma, Parma.
Pavia, Ticinum.
Pcrpignan, Perplnlanum.
Perugia, Peruala.
Pesth, Pestinuin.
Petersburg, St., PetropoUB.
Piaeenza, Placentia
Picanly, Picardia.
Piedmont, Pedemontium.
Plymouth, Plymuthum.
Po, R., Padus.
Poitiers, Limouum Pictavium
Poitou, Terra Pictavensis.
Poland, Polonia.
Pomerania, Pomerania.
Portugal, Lusitania.
Poscn, Posnania.
Pozzuoli, Puteoli.
Prague, Praga.
Provence, Provincia.
Prussia, Corussia, Prussia.
Ram:, Arraboua.
Ratisbon, Ratisbona, Rcginoburguin.
Red Sea, Sinus Arabicus.
Reggio, Hhegium.
Rheims, Remi.
Rhine, R., Rhenus.
Rhone, R., Rhodanus.
Riga, Riga.
Rimini, Ariminum.
Rochelle, Rupella, Sautouuiu Perttts.
Rochester, Durobrivae.
jj^i-.j Roma.
Rotterdam, Roterodaiiium.
Rouen, Rothomagus.
Roussillon, Rnssilio, Russiuo.
Russia, Russia.
Ryswick, Rysvicum.
Saxony, Saxonia.
Saint Cloud, Kanum S. Clodoaldl.
Saint Denis, Dionysiopolis.
Saint Malo, Maclovium.
Saint Omer, Audomaropolls
Salamanca, Salamantica
8alerno, Salernum.
Salisbury, Sarisberia, Sarum.
Salzburg, Salisburgum.
Sambre, R., Sabis.
Saone, R., Araris.
Saragossa, Caesarea Augusta.
Sardinia, Sardinia.
Saumur, Salmurium.
Savoy, Sabaudia.
Scheldt, R., Scaldis.
Schleswig, Slesvicum.
Schwcrin, Sueriuuiu.
926
Scilly Isles, Silures, Cassitcrides.
Scotland, Scotia, Caledonia.
Seine, 11., Sequana.
Sens, Agendicum Senonum.
Seville, Hispalis.
Shrewsbury, Salopia.
fcJIcily, Sicilia.
Sienna, Sena.
Silesia, Silesia.
Slavonia, Slavonia.
Soissons, Augusta Suessionum.
Sorrento, Sorrentum.
Spain, Hispania.
Spires, Spira, Augusta Nemetum.
Spoleto, Spoletum.
Stettin, Stetinuni.
Stockholm, Stockholinia.
Strasburg, Argentoratum.
Stuttgardt, Stutgardia.
Styria, Styria.
Swabia, Suevia.
Sweden, Suecia.
Switzerland, Helvetia.
Tangiers, Tingis.
Taranto, Tarentum.
Tarragona, Tarraco.
Tartary, Tartaria.
Tessin, R., Ticinus.
Thames, R., Tamesls.
Theiss, R., Tiscus.
Thuringia, Thuringia.
Tiber, R., Tiberis.
Tivoli, Tibur.
Toledo, Toletum.
Toulon, Tullonum.'
Toulouse, Tolosa.
Tournay, Tornacum.
Tours, Turones, Caesarodunum.
Trent, Tridentum.
Treves, Augusta Trevirorum.
Trieste, Tcrgeste.
Tripoli, Tripoli's.
Tubingen, Tubinga.
Tunis, Tunetum.
Turin, Augusta TauriiKiruHi.
Turkey, Turcia.
Tuscany, Etruria.
Tyrol, Teriolis.
Ulm, Ulma.
Upsala, Upsalia.
Urbino, Urbinum.
Utrecht, Trajectuin.
Valladolid, Vallisoletum.
Valois, Valesia.
Venice, Venetiae.
Vercelli, Vercellae.
Verdun, Verodunum.
Verona, Verona.
Versailles, Versalia.
Vicenza, Vicentia.
Vienna, Vindobona.
Vienne, Vienna.
Vincennes, Ad Vicenas.
Vistula, R., Vistula.
Vitcrbo, Viterbium.
Wallachia, Valachia.
Warsaw, Varsovia.
Weimar, Vinaria.
Weser, R., Visurgis.
Wiesbaden, Thermae'Mattiacae,
Wight, Isle of, Vectis.
Winchester, Venta Belgarura
Wittenberg, Vitemberga.
Worcester, Vigornia.
Worms, Wormatia.
York, Eboracum.
Zante, Zacynthus.
Zurich, Turicum, Tigurium.
027
GLOSSARY
OF
A FEW COMMON ENGLISH NAMES.
WITH CLASSICAL OR LATER LATIN EQUIVALENTS.
Albert, Albertus.
Alexander, Alexander.
Alfred, Aluredus.
Anna) ,
i Anna.
Anne )
Antony, Antonius.
Arthur, Arturus.
Augustine, Augustinus.
Beatrice, Beatrix.
Benedict, Benedictus.
Bernard, Bernardus.
Cecil, Caeciiius.
Cecilia, Caecilia.
Celia, Celia.
Charles, Carolus.
Claude, Claudius.
Clement, Clemens.
Constance, Constantia.
Cyprian, Cyprianus.
Cyril, Cyrillus.
Edmund, Edmundus.
Edward, Eduaraus.
Ellen ^
Eleanor /Helena.
Elinor )
Emily, Aemilia.
Felix, Felix.
Florence, Florentia.
Francis ) ,,
„ , Stranciscus.
rrank )
Frederic, Fredeuicus.
George, Georgius.
Gregory, Gregorius.
Helen, Helena.
Henry, Henricus.
Hilary, Hilarius.
Horace, Horatius.
James, Jacobus.
John, Johannes.
Joseph, Josephus. ~
Julia, Julia.
Julian, Julinnus.
Justin, Justiuus.
Lawrence, Laurentius.
Lewis, I.udovicus.
Lucy, Lucia.
Margaret, Margarita.
Mark, Marcus.
Mary, Maria.
Patrick, Patrieius.
Paul, Paulus.
Peter, Petrus.
Philip, Philippus.
"Ralph, Radulfus.
Randolph, Randolphus.
Richard, Ricardus.
Robert, Robertus.
Stephen, Stephanus.
Thomas, Thomas.
Timothy, Timotheua.
Valentine, Valcntinua.
Vincent, Vincentius.
Walter. Gualtorus.
William, QuUelmng.
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